bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and Covid‐19: Are women bearing the brunt? A case study for Bolivia
Authors: Escalante Luis Enrique , Maisonnave Helene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) is threatening the well‐being of citizens in most countries of the world; however, women and men could be affected in different ways. This study uses a gender‐sensitive computable general equilibrium model linked to a micro model to assess the impacts of COVID‐19 in Bolivia. The results reveal negative effects for all economic agents. Female‐headed households in general and those headed by unskilled women in particular are the most affected, as they experience significant reductions in employment and the largest increases in household burdens. This increases poverty and inequality for more women than men.
Altered Resting‐State Intranetwork and Internetwork Functional Connectivity in Patients With Chronic Unilateral Vestibulopathy
Authors: Si Lihong , Cui Bin , Li Zheyuan , Li Xiang , Li Kangzhi , Ling Xia , Shen Bo , Yang Xu 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundChronic unilateral vestibulopathy (CUVP) is often accompanied by dizziness and postural instability, which restrict patients' daily activities. It is important to understand central compensation mechanisms underlying these symptoms in patients with CUVP by evaluating their brain functional status.PurposeTo analyze the changes in resting‐state intranetwork and internetwork functional connectivity (FC) and explore the state of central vestibular compensation in patients with CUVP.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationEighteen patients with right‐sided CUVP and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls.Field strength/sequenceA 3.0 T, three‐dimensional magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MP‐RAGE) and resting‐state echo‐planar imaging (EPI) functional MRI sequences.AssessmentFC alterations were explored using independent component analysis (ICA). Twelve independent components were identified via ICA. Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score for all patients was determined.Statistical testsTwo‐sample t test, family‐wise error (FWE) correction, Pearson correlation coefficient (r). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, patients with CUVP showed significantly decreased FC in the right middle occipital gyrus within the lateral visual network, and significantly increased FC in the right supplementary motor area within the sensorimotor network. The FC was decreased between the medial visual and auditory networks, the right frontoparietal and posterior default networks, as well as the sensorimotor and auditory networks. There was a significant negative correlation between the FC changes in the visual, auditory networks and the DHI score in patients with CUVP (r = −0.583).Data conclusionCompared to healthy controls, the FC was significantly decreased in the right visual cortex and significantly enhanced in the right sensorimotor network in patients with CUVP. Patients with CUVP showed decreased FC between multiple whole‐brain networks, suggesting that abnormal integration of multisensory information may be involved in the occurrence of chronic dizziness and instability in patients with CUVP.Level of evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Historical trend of probable maximum precipitation in Utah and associated weather types
Authors: Gu Hongping , Wang S.‐Y. Simon , Lin Yen‐Heng , Meyer Jonathan , Gillies Robert , Taylor Everett , Pokharel Binod 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study assesses the impact global climate change has had on the theoretical upper limit of precipitation for Utah's watersheds by examining historical trends in probable maximum precipitation (PMP), a metric widely used for dam construction and management. Trends in the factors of PMP driven by both frontal and monsoonal storm scenarios were studied using two networks of surface weather stations and modern gridded datasets spanning 1981–2018. It was found that the historical trend in both 3‐hr and 24‐hr PMP estimations exhibited a statistically significant increasing trend, despite that the magnitude of the trend was sensitive to which dataset was examined and the data's spatial resolution. Over the 24‐hr time scale, an interesting deviation in PMP trends was found where frontal storm events demonstrated increasing PMP trends compared to decreasing PMP trends for monsoonal storm events. However, both storm types demonstrated increasing trends over shorter 3‐hr durations, suggesting a universal increase in convective storm intensity. PMP estimates also demonstrated a dependency on the type and resolution of meteorological data used, where higher‐resolution data generally produced greater PMP values and weaker trends. A discussion on the potential causes of these dependencies is provided. This study implies the need to take the historical PMP trend into account for future PMP estimates, especially when coarse‐resolution data are used for conventional PMP studies.
Facilitating open science practices for research syntheses: PreregRS guides preregistration
Authors: Schneider Jürgen , Backfisch Iris , Lachner Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearchers increasingly engage in adopting open science practices in the field of research syntheses, such as preregistration. Preregistration is a central open science practice in empirical research to enhance transparency in the research process and it gains steady adoption in the context of conducting research synthesis. From an interdisciplinary perspective, frameworks and particularly templates are lacking which support researchers preparing a preregistration. To this end, we introduce preregRS, a template to guide researchers across disciplines through the process of preregistering research syntheses. We utilized an R Markdown template file to provide a framework that structures the process of preparing a preregistration. Researchers can write up the preregistration using the template file similar to filling out a form, with the template providing additional hints and further information for the decisions along the framework. We integrated the R Markdown template in an R package for easy installation and use, but also provide a browser‐based option for users granting low‐barrier access. PreregRS constitutes a first step to facilitate and support preregistration with research syntheses for all disciplines. It further adds to establishing open science practices in conducting research syntheses.
Optically Reconfigurable Spherical Ge‐Sb‐Te Nanoparticles with Reversible Switching
Authors: Rybin Mikhail V. , Sinelnik Artem D. , Tajik Mohammad , Milichko Valentin A. , Ubyivovk Evgenii V. , Yakovlev Sergey A. , Pevtsov Alexander B. , Yavsin Denis A. , Zuev Dmitry A. , Makarov Sergey V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTunable and ultracompact optical elements are highly important for the development of advanced nanophotonics. Such elements significantly expand the capabilities of photonic circuits and devices. Phase changing materials based on Ge‐Sb‐Te composition are very promising for tunable nanophotonic elements. This family of materials is excellent for the creation of tunable optical elements, since it has a non‐volatile reversible phase transition and exhibits a strong modulation of the dielectric permittivity in broad spectral range. In this work, fabrication of Ge‐Sb‐Te nanoparticles by laser ablation as well as strong and repeatable changing of their optical properties by fs‐laser irradiation are demonstrated. Beside the control of linear optical response, switchable second harmonic generation from Ge‐Sb‐Te nanoparticles over two orders of magnitude after the phase change is also demonstrated.
Photonic and Plasmonic Metasensors
Authors: Ahmadivand Arash , Gerislioglu Burak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiosensors have been designed and developed for detecting biomarkers, biomolecules, proteins, enzymes, organisms, and various types of bacterial and viral diseases since the turn of the century. Initially marred by poor sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity, the advent of the notion of photonic biosensors has successfully addressed such drawbacks. One of the hallmarks of modern pharmaceutical industries is the miniaturization of photonic platforms via continuous scaling down of their sizes, which was accomplished by leveraging the concept of artificial media. Numerous forms of photonic and plasmonic devices have been configured for next‐generation technologies since the emergence of metamaterials. Among diverse applications, the development of cost‐effective, label‐free, selective, precise, and on‐chip immunobiosensors with rapid sample‐to‐result feature has received copious interest, recently. This focused Review brings clarity to the rapidly growing body of available and in‐development metamaterials‐enabled diagnostic instruments based on inventive and promising approaches. Through centering on the operating principles of plasmonic, photonic, and hybrid metasensors, we mechanistically characterize and describe the properties of such tools and summarize the most recent achievements in devising metasensors and bioimaging tools with high precision. This insightful understanding serves as a comprehensive source for scientists, physicians, and students to construct ultradense and high‐throughput clinical screening metadevices.
Direct Observation of Room‐Temperature Intravalley Coherent Coupling Processes in Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Yue Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Hai‐Yu , Wang Lei , Zhao Le‐Yi , Wang Hai , Gao Bing‐Rong , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComprehensive understanding of the interactions between excited states with spin‐valley polarizations is crucial for the applications of monolayer 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in spin‐valleytronics. Here, by broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with circularly polarized pump/probe lights, a systematic investigation on the many‐body interactions of band‐edge valley excitons in monolayer MoS2 is performed, where intravalley coherent coupling processes are directly observed at room temperature. Namely, when the intravalley mixing states in the superposition region of A‐exciton and B‐exciton states are excited, there is an intravalley coherent coupling between A‐exciton and B‐exciton in K valley (or A′‐exciton and B′‐exciton in K′ valley) with an oscillation frequency of ≈7–8 THz, rather than the intervalley excitonic coupling in general. The findings elucidate intravalley mixing and coherent oscillations in valley excitons of monolayer TMDs at room temperature, which can give insight into the many‐body coupling mechanisms of excited valley excitons in 2D TMDs.
Parallel Laser Printing of a Thermal Emission Pattern in a Phase‐Change Thin Film Cavity for Infrared Camouflage and Security
Authors: Kim Yeongseon , Kim Chanhee , Lee Myeongkyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEngineering the thermal emission of a material in the long‐wavelength infrared (IR) range is applicable to a wide variety of fields, including IR‐adaptive camouflage, information encryption, radiative cooling, energy‐saving windows, and personal thermal management. Although many different materials or structures have been proposed for these purposes, the position‐selective dynamic control of their thermal emission remains a significant challenge. Herein, a laser printing method is presented to spatially tune the thermal emission of a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) planar cavity formed on a metal back reflector. Crystallization‐induced emission patterns are directly recorded into an amorphous GST film (400 nm thick) in a layer‐by‐layer fashion, where the crystallization of each layer is patterned using a spatially modulated pulsed laser beam. The proposed parallel laser printing method can produce gradient emission patterns as well as stepwise patterns, enabling the emissivity at a specific position to be tuned from 0.26 to 0.8. This provides a promising platform for IR‐adaptive camouflage, which is demonstrated with emissivity‐modulated GST emitters. This study also shows that laser‐printed emission patterns can be effectively utilized for security applications such as anti‐forgery.
Self‐Erase Force‐Induced Turn‐On Organic ASE Output Cryptographic Primitive for Advanced Multiple Information Encryption
Authors: Man Zhongwei , Lv Zheng , Xu Zhenzhen , Liao Qing , Liu Meihui , Yao Jiannian , Fu Hongbing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of high density and security information encryption system, in particular narrowband luminescence cryptographic primitive, is of notable significance but extremely challenging for anticounterfeiting applications. Herein, a novel piezochromic fluorescent (PCF) molecule 4‐(4‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)styryl)‐N,N‐diphenylaniline (TPIZ) is reported, which features high pressure sensitivity and self‐erase force‐induced amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) output multicolor switching. The remarkable green/cyan photoluminescence emission and blue ASE emission of TPIZ microcrystals can be switched reversibly under pressure and pumping energy. A mechanistic study of X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the rotation of the C═C bond under low pressure caused the reduction of the weak intermolecular interaction, which is responsible for its excellent PCF performances with self‐erase features. Moreover, the force‐induced amplification of ASE output behaviors are observed due to the high quality of TPIZ microcrystals. Benefiting from the pressure sensitivity, ASE emission as well as self‐erase behaviors of TPIZ microcrystals, a triple encoding self‐erase system is developed for advanced information encryption. This work can provide a crucial step toward the force‐induced narrowband ASE cryptographic primitive materials for high level security application.
Fully Eugenol‐Based Epoxy Thermosets: Synthesis, Curing, and Properties
Authors: Zhang Yuehong , Zhai Mengjiao , Ma Fei , Li Yuzhan , Lyu Bin , Liu Tuan , Gao Zhenhua , Wang Liwei , Vincent Dan , Kessler Michael R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEugenol‐based epoxy monomer (Eu‐EP) is prepared here, followed by curing with a novel eugenol‐derived diamine (Eu‐DA) curing agent for fully eugenol‐based epoxy thermosets. The cure behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and thermomechanical properties of these eugenol‐based epoxy resins are investigated and compared with a partially biobased epoxy thermoset prepared from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and Eu‐DA. Both epoxy materials exhibit storage moduli higher than 2.1 GPa at room temperature. The tensile strength of Eu‐EP/Eu‐DA (21.9 MPa) is comparable to that of the DGEBA/Eu‐DA (24.3 MPa) thermosets and the epoxy thermoset cured from DGEBA and Eu‐DA shows a higher glass transition temperature than those from Eu‐EP and Eu‐DA. The synthesis strategy of Eu‐DA and Eu‐EP shows great potential to be applied in other biobased building blocks with hydroxyl groups. Overall, eugenol is a renewable resource to develop high value‐added chemicals and sustainable polymers with comparable properties to petroleum‐based counterparts.
Development of data‐driven exponential integrators with application to modeling of delay photocurrents
Authors: Bochev Pavel , Paskaleva Biliana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRadiation‐induced photocurrent effects represent a threat to microelectronic components operating in space, manmade and terrestrial radiation environments. Analysis of these threats by circuit simulations requires accurate and computationally efficient compact models. Most existing compact models are based on closed form analytic solutions of the governing equations and require empirical assumptions and idealizations that can limit their validity. In this paper we formulate an alternative numerical, data‐driven approach that learns a compact model from data representative of the type of measurements one can obtain in an experimental facility. To develop the model we start from a generic discrete‐time dynamical system and then use physics knowledge to refine its structure. Numerical studies demonstrate the potential of the model and establish some empirical guidelines for its training.
Applying a stakeholder management approach to ethics in charitable fundraising
Authors: Hansen Ruth K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile nonprofit accountability literature recognizes many stakeholders, even theoretically grounded approaches to fundraising ethics tend to focus more narrowly on donors, organizations, and their missions. This paper draws on business ethics scholarship by proposing a stakeholder management approach to ethics in fundraising. This approach foregrounds intentional examination of the multiple stakeholders in the fundraising process: the organization; its donors; current beneficiaries; the broader population within the issue; the fundraisers themselves; and the community. Following stakeholder theory, ethical fundraising activities must align with the charitable mission of the organization, and take into account the legitimate interests of those groups and individuals who can affect, or be affected by, its activities. The process of intentionally identifying, prioritizing, mapping claims, engaging with, and monitoring stakeholders offers fundraisers, nonprofit executives, and members of governing and advisory boards a pragmatic means of aligning fundraising efforts with the mission, values, and long‐term strategy of their organizations.
Teachers' emotional expressiveness and classroom management practices: Associations with young students' social‐emotional and behavioral competence
Authors: Poulou Maria S. , Garner Pamela W. , Bassett Hideko Hamada 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing data from 832 kindergarten and first grade primary teachers and 662 of their students, the current study investigated teachers' use of behavioral and instructional classroom practices and whether these strategies moderated associations between teachers' expressions of positive and negative classroom emotion and students' social‐emotional and behavioral competence. Results indicated that teachers' positive expressiveness positively predicted young students' social competence and was inversely related to negative child outcomes, irrespective of teachers' behavioral and instructional classroom management practices. In contrast, teachers' negative emotional expressiveness positively predicted students' anger/aggression, but only when teachers reported using controlling and teacher‐centered approaches to classroom behavioral management. At the same time, teachers' negative expressiveness predicted low levels of student anger/aggression when teachers reported more child‐centered instructional management approaches. Findings contribute to the understanding of the intersection of teachers' expressiveness and their classroom management practices for explaining children's social‐emotional and behavioral competence in early childhood classrooms.
An algorithm combining procalcitonin and lung ultrasound improves the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in critically ill children: The PROLUSP study, a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Guitart Carmina , Rodríguez‐Fanjul Javier , Bobillo‐Perez Sara , Carrasco José L. , Inarejos Clemente Emilio J. , Cambra Francisco J. , Balaguer Mònica , Jordan Iolanda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung ultrasound (LUS) and procalcitonin (PCT) are independently used to improve accuracy when diagnosing lung infections. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new algorithm combining LUS and PCT for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia.MethodsRandomized, blinded, comparative effectiveness clinical trial. Children <18 years old with suspected pneumonia admitted to pediatric intensive care unit were included, and randomized into experimental group (EG) or control group (CG) if LUS or chest X‐Ray (CXR) were done as the first pulmonary image, respectively. PCT was determined. In patients with bacterial pneumonia, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of LUS, CXR, and of both combined with PCT were analyzed and compared. Concordance between the final diagnosis and the diagnosis concluded through the imaging test was assessed.ResultsA total of 194 children, with a median age of 134 (interquartile range [IQR]: 39–554) days, were enrolled, 96 randomized into the EG and 98 into the CG. Bacterial pneumonia was diagnosed in 97 patients. Sensitivity and specificity for bacterial pneumonia diagnosis were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70–85) and 98% (95% CI: 93–99) for LUS, 85% (95% CI: 78–90) and 53% (95% CI: 43–62) for CXR, 90% (95% CI: 83–94) and 85% (95% CI: 76–91) when combining LUS and PCT, and 95% (95% CI: 90–98) and 41% (95% CI: 31–52) when combining CXR and PCT. The positive predictive value for LUS and PCT was 88% (95% C:I 79%–93%) versus 68% (95% CI: 60–75) for CXR and PCT. The concordance between the final diagnosis and LUS had a kappa value of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.62–0.75) versus 0.34 (95% CI: 0.21–0.45) for CXR, (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe combination of LUS and PCT presented a better accuracy for bacterial pneumonia diagnosis than combining CXR and PCT. Therefore, its implementation could be a reliable tool for pneumonia diagnosis in critically ill children.
The anomaly that was not meant IIB
Authors: Debray Arun , Dierigl Markus , Heckman Jonathan J. , Montero Miguel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractType IIB supergravity enjoys a discrete non‐Abelian duality group, which has potential quantum anomalies. In this paper we explicitly compute these, and present the bordism group that controls them, modulo some physically motivated assumptions. Quite surprisingly, we find that they do not vanish, which naively would signal an inconsistency of F‐theory. Remarkably, a subtle modification of the standard 10d Chern‐Simons term cancels these anomalies, a fact which relies on thespecificfield content of type IIB supergravity. We also discover other ways to cancel this anomaly, via a topological analog of the Green‐Schwarz mechanism. These alternative type IIB theories have the same low energy supergravity limit as ordinary type IIB, but a different spectrum of extended objects. They could either be part of the Swampland, or connect to the standard theory via domain walls.
Life cycle assessment of bottled mineral water for the hospitality industry in Northern Italy
Authors: Grisales Viviana , Tua Camilla , Rigamonti Lucia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe consumption of bottled mineral water in Italy is amongst the highest at the European level. This life cycle assessment (LCA) aims to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the distribution of mineral water in the Italian hospitality industry, that is less investigated than the domestic consumption in the existing literature. The use of traditional one‐way PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles of small format (0.5 L) was compared with the alternative system of refillable, 1 L, glass bottles. Primary inventory data were collected to describe the system. The evaluation considered 14 impact indicators calculated according to the Environmental Footprint method. LCA results support the replacement of plastic with glass containers in the hospitality industry only in the best conditions for the glass bottles (more than 25 uses and a local distribution) and simultaneously in the worst situation for PET (bottles of small format and 100% from virgin granulate). When a recycled PET bottle is considered, results become heavily in favour of the single‐use PET system. The following recommendations were derived for increasing the environmental sustainability of the distribution of bottled water in the Italian hospitality industry: to move towards a PET bottle closed loop system, in which discarded PET bottles are recycled to produce bottle‐grade granules; to promote a progressive light weighting of refillable glass bottles, compatibly with the bottle resistance and to ensure at least 25 reuses before their disposal; to promote the sale of bottled water from local bottling companies (no more than 300 km distance from the final client).