bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the strain-dependent mechanical and electronic properties of Nb3Al and Nb3Sn
Authors: Liu Zhao , Wang Biao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nb3Al and Nb3Sn are important A15 compounds due to their good superconducting properties in high magnetic field. The strain coming from multiple sources would result in the degradation of superconducting performance for both of them. Extensive experimental studies have found that Nb3Sn has higher strain sensitivity than Nb3Al. However, most of the previous theoretical works focus on the effect of compressive hydrostatic pressure, which doesn’t reflect the actual working condition. In this work, first-principles calculations were done to investigate the mechanical behaviors of the two materials under the three crystallographic uniaxial tensile loadings. Determined from the stress-strain relations, the theoretical strength of Nb3Al is found to be slightly higher than that of Nb3Sn, which is validated by the energy-strain curve and the corresponding phonon instability. Electronic analyses show that the property difference of the two materials is attributed to their different bonding states and strain sensitivities. The present work unveils why the superconductivity of Nb3Sn is more sensitive to strain than Nb3Al on the microscopic level.
Integrating phase field and crystal plasticity finite element models for simulations of titanium alloy Ti-5553
Authors: Agius Dylan , O’Toole Patrick , Wallbrink Chris , Sterjovski Zoran , Wang Chun-Hui , Schaffer G B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ability to simultaneously predict the microstructure and bulk material properties of 3D printed (additively manufactured or AM) metals is critical to the development of process intelligence that can be used by a digital-twin for forecasting and optimising alloy composition and fabrication parameters. This study proposes a simulation framework for predicting the microstructure and corresponding meso- and macro-scale properties of AM materials. This is achieved by integrating phase-field and crystal plasticity modelling techniques, whereby the phase field model predicts the microstructure and the crystal plasticity constitutive model computes the stress–strain evolution using the microstructure as the input. The simulation of multiple microstructures demonstrates that this integrated approach can be used to test the influence of different microstructures on the mechanical properties of titanium alloy Ti-5553. This includes the influence of grain size and grain orientation on both the meso- and macro-scale behaviour.
Neoxanthin in young vegetable leaves prevents fat accumulation in differentiated adipocytes
Authors: Sekiya Mihoko , Suzuki Shigenori , Ushida Yusuke , Suganuma Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of young leaves on fat accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A potent preventive effect on fat accumulation was observed in fractions of young leaves of spinach, beet, and arugula extracted with a low-polarity solvent (hexane:acetone:ethanol:toluene = 10:6:7:6). This effect was seemingly associated with the leaf carotenoid content, including lutein, β-carotene, and neoxanthin. Among these, only neoxanthin, with the characteristic structure of 5,6-monoepoxide and an allenic bond, significantly prevented fat accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. The preventive effect and carotenoid content, including neoxanthin, of these young leaves did not differ from those of the corresponding adult leaves. Therefore, our study demonstrated that young vegetable leaves, such as spinach, beet, and arugula leaves, contained neoxanthin, which prevented fat accumulation in adipocytes in vitro. In the future, the effectiveness of such young leaves and neoxanthin should be investigated in vivo.
Relationship between body colour and microhabitat breadth in an orb-web spider
Authors: Nakata Kensuke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Habitat use often differs among intraspecific individuals, and the degree to which individual animals use specific habitats, i.e. microhabitat breadth, can also vary. Variation in body colour sometimes emerges as dark vs. bright coloration, which can be related to habitat selectivity. The aim of this study was to examine whether darker animals prefer shady sites to avoid overheating from direct sunlight exposure, whereas brighter animals would use both shady and open sites. Orb-web spiders, Cyclosa argenteoalba, have a silver dorsal abdomen with black markings; the proportion of these black markings varies between 20 and 100% among individuals. In summer, there was less variation in the duration of direct sunlight hitting the webs of darker spiders compared with that of brighter spiders. This indicated a narrower microhabitat range for darker spiders, which preferred shady sites. This pattern was not observed in spring and autumn, when thermal conditions were less severe. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that when the temperature is high, darker animals are microhabitat specialists, whereas brighter animals are generalists. A previous study found that darker spiders capture more prey than brighter spiders, and the amount of black markings is considered to be a trade-off between foraging success and microhabitat availability.
Predicting the onset of breast cancer using mammogram imaging data with irregular boundary
Authors: Jiang Shu , Cao Jiguo , Colditz Graham A , Rosner Bernard 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWith mammography being the primary breast cancer screening strategy, it is essential to make full use of the mammogram imaging data to better identify women who are at higher and lower than average risk. Our primary goal in this study is to extract mammogram-based features that augment the well-established breast cancer risk factors to improve prediction accuracy. In this article, we propose a supervised functional principal component analysis (sFPCA) over triangulations method for extracting features that are ordered by the magnitude of association with the failure time outcome. The proposed method accommodates the irregular boundary issue posed by the breast area within the mammogram imaging data with flexible bivariate splines over triangulations. We also provide an eigenvalue decomposition algorithm that is computationally efficient. Compared to the conventional unsupervised FPCA method, the proposed method results in a lower Brier Score and higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) in simulation studies. We apply our method to data from the Joanne Knight Breast Health Cohort at Siteman Cancer Center. Our approach not only obtains the best prediction performance comparing to unsupervised FPCA and benchmark models but also reveals important risk patterns within the mammogram images. This demonstrates the importance of utilizing additional supervised image-based features to clarify breast cancer risk.
Striving to strengthen the ecosocial framework in social work in Finland
Authors: Ranta-Tyrkkö Satu , Närhi Kati 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is no economic or social sustainability without ecological sustainability, yet the latter can hardly be achieved without the other forms of sustainability. While contemporary consumer societies are still today fundamentally unsustainable, advancing the overall sustainability transition as well as mitigating and preventing the ecological crisis should be high on the social work and community development agendas. On one hand, this is because the ecological crisis both causes and increases social inequality and vulnerability. On the other hand, aspiring sustainability requires profound social and cultural changes, bringing about which belongs to social work and community work’s areas of expertise.Asking how to respond to the socio-environmental crisis and its ramifications in social work education, this article focuses on the currently evolving ecosocial framework in Finnish social work education and practice, paying special attention to the opportunities and hindrances in its realization. The inquiry is based on thematic analysis of advanced level social work students’ views on these issues, as presented on a 5 ECTS (credits as per the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) course Social Work in Ecosocial Transition, part of the University of Jyväskylä’s social work master’s degree curriculum. In countries like Finland, where community development has a marginal role, adoption of the ecosocial framework would inherently strengthen the community based and political orientation in social work.
The Pattern of Fos-Like Immunoreactivity Expressed Within the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Is Associated With Individual Variation in the Taste Quality of a Stimulus
Authors: Loney Gregory C , Eckel Lisa A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Outbred rats differ in their preference for the artificial sweetener sucralose. Psychophysical assessments have shown that the taste of sucralose is differentially generalized to either sucrose or a sucrose-quinine (QHCl) mixture in sucralose preferers (SP) and sucralose avoiders (SA), respectively. It remains to be determined if these differences in the psychophysical assessment of the taste of sucralose are due to an insensitivity to any bitter-like taste component of sucralose in SP or reduced sensitivity to a sweet-like component in SA that may mask any putative aversive side-taste in SP. Here, we exploited the proposed chemotopic organization of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNTS) to further parse out the root differences in the perception of the salient taste qualities of sucralose using Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) to approximate neural activation following intraoral delivery of sucrose, QHCl, and sucralose solutions in previously categorized SA and SP. First, we confirmed previous reports that the medial third of the NTS is primarily responsive to intraoral infusions of the bitter taste stimulus QHCl while sucrose produces a more diffuse pattern of FLI. Upon comparing the FLI generated by intraoral sucralose, we found that the pattern in SA was indistinguishable from that of QHCl while SP displayed a pattern of FLI more representative of a sucrose-QHCl mixture. We conclude that SA, relative to SP, may be less sensitive to the sucrose-like properties of sucralose and that an enhanced sensitivity to these sucrose-like qualities may mask a QHCl-like quality in SP.
Social positioning theory
Authors: Lawson Tony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe theory of social positioning is an account of social constitution in which organising structure is key. A core component of the theory is a conception of the nature of specifically community structure and the manner whereby human beings and other phenomena are organised through it. The primary objective of this paper is simply to systematise the (continuously evolving) theory, and in particular this core component, as it currently stands. The theory has implications for both substantive social analysis and projects of social transformation. In the current paper, it is (mostly) the theory’s usefulness to the former that is highlighted, through the inclusion of an illustration of how the theory contributes to resolving long standing puzzles at the substantive level, and specifically those connected to the theorising of the nature of money.
Circulating Cellular Communication Network Factor 1 Protein as a Sensitive Liquid Biopsy Marker for Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bartkowiak Kai , Heidrich Isabel , Kwiatkowski Marcel , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Andreas Antje , Wurlitzer Marcus , Geffken Maria , Voß Hannah , Zeller Tanja , Blankenberg Stefan , Peine Sven , Joosse Simon A , Müller Volkmar , Schlüter Hartmut , Oliveira-Ferrer Leticia , Pantel Klaus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite recent progress in liquid biopsy technologies, early blood-based detection of breast cancer is still a challenge.

Methods
We analyzed secretion of the protein cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1, formerly cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61) in breast cancer cell lines by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Soluble CCN1 in the plasma (2.5 µL) of 544 patients with breast cancer and 427 healthy controls was analyzed by ELISA. The breast cancer samples were acquired at the time of primary diagnosis prior to neoadjuvant therapy or surgery. A classifier was established on a training cohort of patients with breast cancer and age-adapted healthy controls and further validated on an independent cohort comprising breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Samples from patients with benign breast diseases were investigated as additional controls. Samples from patients with acute heart diseases (n = 127) were investigated as noncancer controls. The diagnostic accuracy was determined by receiver operating characteristic using the parameters area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results
CCN1 was frequently secreted by breast cancer cell lines into the extracellular space. Subsequent analysis of clinical blood samples from patients with breast cancer and age-adjusted healthy controls revealed an overall specificity of 99.0% and sensitivity of 80.0% for cancer detection. Remarkably, 81.5% of small T1 cancers were already CCN1-positive, while CCN1 concentrations in patients with benign breast lesions were below the threshold for breast cancer detection.

Conclusions
Circulating CCN1 is a potentially novel blood biomarker for the detection of breast cancer at the earliest invasive stage.
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies—a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society
Authors: Ginsberg Henry N , Packard Chris J , Chapman M John , Borén Jan , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Averna Maurizio , Ference Brian A , Gaudet Daniel , Hegele Robert A , Kersten Sander , Lewis Gary F , Lichtenstein Alice H , Moulin Philippe , Nordestgaard Børge G , Remaley Alan T , Staels Bart , Stroes Erik S G , Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Tokgözoğlu Lale S , Tybjaerg-Hansen Anne , Stock Jane K , Catapano Alberico L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and TRL remnants, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. These data also indicate that TRL and their remnants may contribute significantly to residual cardiovascular risk in patients on optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. This statement critically appraises current understanding of the structure, function, and metabolism of TRL, and their pathophysiological role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key points are (i) a working definition of normo- and hypertriglyceridaemic states and their relation to risk of ASCVD, (ii) a conceptual framework for the generation of remnants due to dysregulation of TRL production, lipolysis, and remodelling, as well as clearance of remnant lipoproteins from the circulation, (iii) the pleiotropic proatherogenic actions of TRL and remnants at the arterial wall, (iv) challenges in defining, quantitating, and assessing the atherogenic properties of remnant particles, and (v) exploration of the relative atherogenicity of TRL and remnants compared to LDL. Assessment of these issues provides a foundation for evaluating approaches to effectively reduce levels of TRL and remnants by targeting either production, lipolysis, or hepatic clearance, or a combination of these mechanisms. This consensus statement updates current understanding in an integrated manner, thereby providing a platform for new therapeutic paradigms targeting TRL and their remnants, with the aim of reducing the risk of ASCVD.
Genome assembly of the popular Korean soybean cultivar Hwangkeum
Authors: Kim Myung-Shin , Lee Taeyoung , Baek Jeonghun , Kim Ji Hong , Kim Changhoon , Jeong Soon-Chun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Massive resequencing efforts have been undertaken to catalog allelic variants in major crop species including soybean, but the scope of the information for genetic variation often depends on short sequence reads mapped to the extant reference genome. Additional de novo assembled genome sequences provide a unique opportunity to explore a dispensable genome fraction in the pan-genome of a species. Here, we report the de novo assembly and annotation of Hwangkeum, a popular soybean cultivar in Korea. The assembly was constructed using PromethION nanopore sequencing data and two genetic maps and was then error-corrected using Illumina short-reads and PacBio SMRT reads. The 933.12 Mb assembly was annotated as containing 79,870 transcripts for 58,550 genes using RNA-Seq data and the public soybean annotation set. Comparison of the Hwangkeum assembly with the Williams 82 soybean reference genome sequence (Wm82.a2.v1) revealed 1.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 0.5 million indels, and 25 thousand putative structural variants. However, there was no natural megabase-scale chromosomal rearrangement. Incidentally, by adding two novel subfamilies, we found that soybean contains four clearly separated subfamilies of centromeric satellite repeats. Analyses of satellite repeats and gene content suggested that the Hwangkeum assembly is a high-quality assembly. This was further supported by comparison of the marker arrangement of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and of gene arrangement at the Rsv3 locus. Therefore, the results indicate that the de novo assembly of Hwangkeum is a valuable additional reference genome resource for characterizing traits for the improvement of this important crop species.
The Genome of the Haptophyte Diacronema lutheri (Pavlova lutheri, Pavlovales): A Model for Lipid Biosynthesis in Eukaryotic Algae
Authors: Hulatt Chris J , Wijffels René H , Posewitz Matthew C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Haptophytes are biogeochemically and industrially important protists with underexplored genomic diversity. We present a nuclear genome assembly for the class Pavlovales, which was assembled with PacBio long-read data into highly contiguous sequences. We sequenced strain Diacronema lutheri NIVA-4/92, formerly known as Pavlova lutheri, because it has established roles in aquaculture and has been a key organism for studying microalgal lipid biosynthesis. Our data show that D. lutheri has the smallest and most streamlined haptophycean genome assembled to date, with an assembly size of 43.503 Mb and 14,446 protein-coding genes. Together with its high nuclear GC content, Diacronema is an important genus for investigating selective pressures on haptophyte genome evolution, contrasting with the much larger and more repetitive genome of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. The D. lutheri genome will be a valuable resource for resolving the genetic basis of algal lipid biosynthesis and metabolic remodeling that takes place during adaptation and stress response in natural and engineered environments.
Social Networks and Cognitive Function: An Evaluation of Social Bridging and Bonding Mechanisms
Authors: Perry Brea L , McConnell William R , Peng Siyun , Roth Adam R , Coleman Max , Manchella Mohit , Roessler Meghann , Francis Heather , Sheean Hope , Apostolova Liana A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSocial connectedness has been linked prospectively to cognitive aging, but there is little agreement about the social mechanisms driving this relationship. This study evaluated 9 measures of social connectedness, focusing on 2 forms of social enrichment—access to an expansive and diverse set of loosely connected individuals (i.e., social bridging) and integration in a supportive network of close ties (i.e., social bonding).Research Design and MethodsThis study used egocentric network and cognitive data from 311 older adults in the Social Networks in Alzheimer Disease study. Linear regressions were used to estimate the association between social connectedness and global cognitive function, episodic memory, and executive function.ResultsMeasures indicative of social bridging (larger network size, lower density, presence of weak ties, and proportion of non-kin) were consistently associated with better cognitive outcomes, while measures of social bonding (close ties, multiplex support, higher frequency of contact, better relationship quality, and being married) largely produced null effects.Discussion and ImplicationsThese findings suggest that the protective benefits of social connectedness for cognitive function and memory may operate primarily through a cognitive reserve mechanism that is driven by irregular contact with a larger and more diverse group of peripheral others.
Teleseismic measurements of upper mantle shear wave anisotropy in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico
Authors: Soto Gerardo León , Valenzuela Raúl W , Arceo R , Huesca-Pérez Eduardo , Rosas Ricardo Vazquez 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Shear wave splitting measurements in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT), southern Mexico, inferred from teleseismic core phases are presented. Measurements were made along a south-to-north profile across the IT. The results show a predominantly trench-normal pattern of fast polarization orientations with averaged delay times up to 2.2 s. Fast orientations near the trench suggest a corner flow in the mantle wedge and an entrained flow in the subslab region. Away the trench, fast orientations are parallel to the Absolute plate Motion, suggesting that the anisotropy in that region is driven by a simple asthenospheric flow. A comparison with splitting measurements made in the Mexican subduction zone shows a 17º clockwise rotation of the fast orientations of between east and west Mexico. This is consistent with the observed change in orientation of 19º clockwise in the Middle America Trench (MAT). This suggests that the rotation of the fast orientations is controlled by the change of orientation in the MAT.
O-GlcNAc transferase Ogt regulates embryonic neuronal development through modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Shen Hui , Zhao Xingsen , Chen Junchen , Qu Wenzheng , Huang Xiaoli , Wang Mengxuan , Shao Zhiyong , Shu Qiang , Li Xuekun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ogt-mediated O-GlcNAcylation is enriched in the nervous system and involves in neuronal development, brain function and neurological diseases. However, the roles of Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation in embryonic neurogenesis have remained largely unknown. Here, we show that Ogt is highly expressed in embryonic brain, and Ogt depletion reduces the proliferation of embryonic neural stem cells and migration of new born neurons. Ogt depletion in cultured hippocampal neurons impairs neuronal maturation, including reduced dendritic numbers and length, and immature development of spines. Mechanistically, Ogt depletion decreases the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Ectopic β-catenin rescues neuronal developmental deficits caused by Ogt depletion. Ogt also regulates human cortical neurogenesis in forebrain organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Our findings reveal the essential roles and mechanisms of Ogt-mediated O-GlcNAc modification in regulating mammalian neuronal development.