bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Fuzzy Focusing System For Dark Channel Image Based On Ratio Constraint
Authors: Lu Jianhua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The starting point of the establishment of the optimized dark channel algorithm is to stabilize the contrast of the two parts of the image (light and dark). The first step of this method is to divide the initial image into two suitable light and dark parts, and then to obtain the contrast data between the two parts, and the second step is to solve the dark area according to the above optimized operation principle. The third step is to exert its accurate management bright features to the extreme to ensure its contrast stability through the operation of double histogram equalization. Modify the unreasonable arrangement of brightness. Take the CCD or CMOS image sensor as an example, the reference will be shown in the above example according to the lens system, and then the intelligent chip of the non-manually operated focusing device will complete the next processing, transmitting the discrimination result to the front system through the motor, and finally focusing. The intelligent fuzzy focusing is composed of the upper and lower computers, the former is the module of collating, collecting materials and processing all the data, the latter is the management and control module of the evaluation results, and the communication part provides communication for the two. Finally, it can be seen that the optimized dark channel algorithm is obviously better than the de-fog algorithm in terms of the effect of information entropy, brightness and average gradient, which makes the detailed characteristics of being obscured by fog more obvious.
Supervised Machine Learning Predictive Analytics for Alumni Income
Authors: Gomez-Cravioto Daniela A. , Diaz-Ramos Ramon E. , Gress Neil Hernandez , Preciado Jose Luis , Ceballos Hector G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This paper explores different machine learning algorithms and approaches for predicting alum income to obtain insights on the strongest predictors for income and a ‘high’ earners’ class. Methods: The study examines the alum sample data obtained from a survey from Tecnologico de Monterrey, a multicampus Mexican private university, and analyses it within the cross-industry standard process for data mining. Survey results include 17,898 and 12,275 observations before and after cleaning and pre-processing, respectively. The dataset includes values for income and a large set of independent variables, including demographic and occupational attributes of the former students and academic attributes from the institution’s history. We conduct an in-depth analysis to determine whether the accuracy of traditional algorithms in econometric research to predict income can be improved with a data science approach. Furthermore, we present insights on patterns obtained using explainable artificial intelligence techniques. Results: Results show that the gradient boosting model outperformed the parametric models, linear and logistic regression, in predicting alum’s current income with statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in three tasks: ordinary least-squares regression, multi-class classification and binary classification. Moreover, the linear and logistic regression models were found to be the most accurate methods for predicting the alum’s first income. The non-parametric models showed no significant improvements. Conclusion: We identified that age, gender, working hours per week, first income after graduation and variables related to the alum’s job position and firm contributed to explaining their income. Findings indicated a gender wage gap, suggesting that further work is needed to enable equality.
Chlorogenic Acid Exerts Neuroprotective Effect Against Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats by activating Sirt1 to Regulate the Nrf2-NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zheng Yihui , Lin Zhenlang , Li Luyao , Chen Binwen , Fang Yu , Lin Wei , Zhang Tianlei , Feng Xiaoli , Tao Xiaoyue , Wu Yiqing , Fu Xiaoqin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIE) is caused by perinatal asphyxia, which is associated with various confounding factors. Although studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of HIE have matured, sub-hypothermia is the only clinical treatment available for HIE. Previous evidence indicates that chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts a potential neuroprotective effect on brain injury. However, the role of CGA on neonatal HI brain damage and the exact mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigate the effects of CGA on HI models in vivo and in vitro and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: In the in vivo experiment, we ligated the left common carotid artery of 7-day-old rats and placed the rats in a hypoxic box for 2 hours. We did not ligate the common carotid artery of the pups in the sham group since they did not have hypoxia. Brain atrophy and infarct size were evaluated by Nissl staining, HE staining and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride monohydrate (TTC) staining. Morris Water Maze test (MWM) was used to evaluate neurobehavioral disorders. Western-blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the cell signaling pathway. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content test, catalase (CAT) activity detection and Elisa Assay was used to detect levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. In vitro experiments were performed on isolated primary neurons.Result: In our study, pretreatment with CGA significantly decreased the infarct volume of neonatal rats after HI, alleviated brain edema, and improved tissue structure in vivo. Moreover, we used the Morris water maze to verify CGA’s effects on enhancing the learning and cognitive ability and helping to maintain the long-term spatial memory after HI injury. However, Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 partially reversed these therapeutic effects. CGA pretreatment inhibited neuronal apoptosis induced by HI by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings suggest that CGA potentially activates Sirt1 to regulate the Nrf2-NF-κB signaling pathway by forming complexes thereby protecting primary neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) damage. Also, CGA treatment significantly suppresses HI-induced proliferation of glial.Conclusion: Collectively, this study uncovered the underlying mechanism of CGA on neonatal HI brain damage. CGA holds promise as an effective neuroprotective agent to promote neonatal brain recovery from HI-induced injury.
Difficult Diagnosis of Minimal-deviation Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: a Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Authors: Zhao Qing , Yu Zhicheng , Cai Jing , Huang Bangxing , Wang Zehua , Li Guiling , Zhang Yuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Minimal-deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) is a rare form of cervical adenocarcinoma. The clinical manifestations of MDA were not typical. Cervical cancer screening is not always effective at screening for MDA. Early clinical manifestations of MDA were lack of specificity and frequently regarded as cervicitis, the effect of treatment was usually poor. The cytological characteristics of MDA were similar to the normal cervical endometrial glands. It was difficult to distinguish between MDA and benign endometrial lesions. Therefore, early diagnosis difficulties often lead to delayed diagnosis.Case presentation: A rare case of MDA of the uterine cervix undergoing a hard process to make a confirmed diagnosis is reported. This case, with an initial complaint of cervical contact bleeding, pelvic pain, and vaginal itching, was negative for Thinprep cytologic test (TCT), the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping test by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), and cervical biopsies. Finally, the MDA was diagnosed with the assistance of the Bard-Magnum Biopsy Instrument under computed tomographic (CT) guidance and staged as an IIIB tumor according to the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. The patient received concurrent chemoradiation as primary treatment and unfortunately died a few months later.Conclusion: Thus, MDA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a cervical space-occupying lesion with negative HPV, cervical cytology, and biopsy. With the assistance of the Bard-Magnum Biopsy Instrument, CT-guided biopsy of deep cervical tissues could improve the early diagnosis rate of MDA, which was helpful for clinicians in early diagnosis.
Grafting Cellulose Nanocrystals With Phosphazene-containing Compound for Simultaneously Enhancing the Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid
Authors: Chen Yajun , He Jingxiu , Sun Zhe , Xu Bo , Li Juan , Qian Lijun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been used as bio-based carbon source in intumescent system. However, CNCs have the disadvantages of low onset decomposition temperature and decompose and carbonize during processing. We, herein, demonstrated the design of phosphazene-containing CNCs (P/N-CNCs) with great thermal stability and outstanding charring ability. The TGA results showed that the initial decomposition temperature of P/N-CNCs was increased from 202.4 ℃ to 272.2 ℃ (increased by 34.5%), and the residual char at 700 ℃ was increased from 24.9 wt% to 55.8 wt% compared with CNCs. Then, flame retardant PLA composites were prepared by blending PLA, P/N-CNCs with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MPP), aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) and piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP), respectively. The thermal stability, flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of PLA composites were investigated. The results showed that the flame retardant system constructed by 7 wt% APP and 3 wt% P/N-CNCs had the best effect in PLA. PLA/7APP/3P/N-CNCs had the highest limit oxygen index value (28.1%), the lowest peak heat release rate (266 kW/m2) and reached UL 94 V-0 rating. Moreover, the tensile strength, impact strength and elongation at break of PLA/7APP/3P/N-CNCs were increased by 7.3%, 18.6% and 29.4%, respectively, compared with these properties of PLA/7APP/ 3CNCs. This work provides a new idea for the design of CNCs with great thermal stability and outstanding charring ability, and offers a new method for the preparation of high-performance flame-retardant PLA composites.
Production of Cell Enclosing Silk Derivative Microsphere in Uniform Size Distribution Through Coaxial Microfluidic Device and Horseradish Crosslinking Reaction
Authors: Badali Elham , Hosseini Mahshid , Mahmoodi Narges , Hassanzadeh Sajad , Nooshabadi Vajihe Taghdiri , Goodarzi Arash , Jalessi Maryam , Arabpour Zohreh , Khanmohammadi Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSilk fibroin (SF) as a natural polymer holds great potential in biomedical research because of its biocompatibility, easy processing, high toughness, and strength. However, slow gelation time has narrowed its applications, specifically in cell-laden microparticles that are versatile structures for tissue engineering due to their unique features. In addition, most crosslinking methods used to decrease gelation time did not occur in a mid-condition. Methods This study aimed to use modified SF with phenol conjugation to accelerate crosslinking mediated via horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/ hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a co-flow high-throughput microfluidic device for the ultimate goal of cell-laden silk fibroin-phenol (SF-Ph) microparticles formation. The physical and biochemical properties of fabricated cell-laden SF-Ph were evaluated to reveal its potential for tissue engineering.ResultsThe monodisperse microparticles in shape and size were formed in various diameters changing from 300 to 80 µm by altering oil phase velocity from SF-Ph substrate. More than 90% cell viability and three times cells upregulation of mitochondrial activity of enclosed-cells in microparticles with 150 ± 32 µm diameters revealed that these structures were suitable subcultures produced through a mild process based on morphological and MTT assays. It was noticed that cells approximately cover the microparticles until the 15th day. ConclusionSpherical micro-tissue formation in microparticles, resulting from cell growth promoted by cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, adds significant weight to this method's applications.
Clinical Analysis of 2860 Cases of Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Jia , Wang Zhenyu , Wu Weizhen , Chen Haixia , Zhong Caijuan , Liang Lixuan , Li Yingtao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetes in pregnancy (DIP).
Methods
This single-center, retrospective study included 16,974 pregnant women hospitalized during 2018–2019. Among them, 2860 DIP patients were grouped according to diabetes type, glycemic status, and insulin use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted.
Results
DIP incidence (17.10%; pregestational diabetes mellitus [PGDM], 13.16%; gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], 86.84%) increased annually. Premature birth, birth defects, large for gestational age (LGA), neonatal asphyxia, neonatal intensive care unit transfer, hypertension, and puerperal infection were more common in DIP than in healthy pregnancies. The most common comorbidities/complications were hypertension, thyroid dysfunction, cervical insufficiency, intrahepatic cholestasis, premature membrane rupture, oligo/polyhydramnios, and fetal distress. GDM incidence at ages ≥35 and ≥45 years was 1.91 and 3.26 times that at age <35 years, respectively. If only women with high-risk factors were screened, 34.8% GDM cases would be missed. The proportion of insulin use was 14.06% (PGDM, 55%; GDM, 8.53%). Mean gestational age at peak insulin dose in DIP was 32.87 ± 5.46 weeks. Peak insulin doses in PGDM and GDM were 3.67 and 2 times the initial doses, respectively. The risks of LGA, premature birth, cesarean section, and neonatal hypoglycemia in PGDM were 1.845, 1.533, 1.797, and 1.368 times of those in GDM, respectively. The risks of premature birth and neonatal hypoglycemia in women with poor glycemic control were 1.504 and 1.558 times of those in women with good control, respectively.
Conclusions
The incidence of adverse outcomes in DIP is high.
Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of a Manganese-rich Supracrustal Succession in Northeast Brazil: Adding a New Piece to the Paleoproterozoic Manganese Mineralization Puzzle
Authors: Santos Felipe Holanda , Amaral Wagner , Martins Douglas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A vast accumulation of manganese occurred in the Paleoproterozoic and it is closely related to the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event. Although the largest Mn deposits are located in the African continent, relevant deposits that potentially correlate with the African ones are found in South America, specifically in the Brazilian territory. The Borborema Province in Northeast Brazil hosts several Mn-rich meta-sedimentary sequences, containing up to 40 wt.% MnO. These sequences are composed of oxidized and manganese silicate lenses that alternate with spessartite-quartzite layers. This succession is hosted by graphite-bearing pelitic gneisses, is metamorphosed to the amphibolite facies, and is intruded by granitic bodies. Although some preliminary studies report Palaeoproterozoic ages for these meta-sedimentary sequences, the age at which the Mn-rich sequences were deposited has not yet been determined. We investigate in this study the Lagoa do Riacho Manganese Deposit, a representative member of the Northern Borborema Province Mn-rich sequences. Not only was the age of the Mn-rich protolith deposition determined by LA-SF-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology, but also the timing of the metamorphic reworking of the Mn-rich succession was inferred. The youngest detrital zircon population from a meter-sized bed of spessartite-quartzite interlayered with an oxidized manganese ore from drillhole Ocr-1 yielded a maximum depositional age close to 2130 Ma. Similarly, a gneiss hosting the manganese mineralization at the base of drillhole Ocr-1 also yielded a maximum depositional age in the Rhyacian, close to 2156 Ma. We infer from the U-Pb dating of metamorphic overgrowths on zircon from the Mn-bearing sequences and host rocks and the U-Pb crystallization age of an intrusive leucocratic granite that the minimum age of the Mn-rich succession to be 2023-2106 Ma. The metamorphic reworking of the Mn-rich succession is time-equivalent to the Transamazonian/Eburnean orogeny. Thus, these constraints point to a Rhyacian age (ca. 2100-2200 Ma) for the deposition of the Mn-rich protolith, chrono-correlated with other world-class manganese deposits, such as those from the Franceville Basin in Gabon.
Complete Genome Analysis of a Novel Shewanella Phage vB_Sb_QDWS
Authors: Tan Lin , Xuan Guanhua , Lin Hong , Wang Jingxue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present here the results of the analysis of the complete genome sequence of a lytic bacteriophage, vB_Sb_QDWS, which is isolated from wastewater samples collected in Qingdao, China. The genome of phage vB_Sb_QDWS is composed of circular double-stranded DNA that is 47,902 bp in length with a G + C content of 63.16%. It has been predicted to contain 69 putative protein-coding genes. Phage morphology and bioinformatic analysis indicated that vB_Sb_QDWS is a novel phage of the family Siphoviridae.
Feasibility of The Olympic Marathon Under Climatic And Socioeconomic Change
Authors: Oyama Takahiro , Takakura Jun'ya , Fujii Minoru , Nakajima Kenichi , Hijioka Yasuaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There are concerns about the impact of climate change on Olympic Games, especially endurance events, such as marathons. In recent competitions, many marathon runners dropped out of their races due to extreme heat, and it is expected that more areas will be unable to host the Olympic Games due to climate change. Here, we show the feasibility of the Olympic marathon considering the variations in climate factors, socioeconomic conditions, and adaptation measures. The number of current possible host cities will decline by up to 24% worldwide by the late 21st century. Dozens of emerging cities, especially in Asia, will not be capable of hosting the marathon under the highest emission scenario. Moving the marathon from August to October and holding the games in multiple cities in the country are effective measures, and they should be considered if we are to maintain the regional diversity of the games.
Moving computational multi-domain method for modelling the flow interaction of multiple moving objects
Authors: Nishimura Momoha , Yamakawa Masashi , Asao Shinichi , Takeuchi Seiichi , Ghomizad Mehdi Badri 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a method where the flow field variables are communicated between multiple separate moving computational domains and simulates the flow interaction of multiple moving objects. Instead of using the conventional approach with a single fixed computational domain covering the whole flow field, this method advances the moving computational domain (MCD) method in which the computational domain itself moves in line with the motions of an object inside. The computational domains created around each object move independently, and the flow fields of each domain interact where the flows cross. This eliminates the spatial restriction for simulating multiple moving objects. After the results of the shock tube test verify that the interpolation has been achieved between grids, a validation test is conducted in which two spheres are crossed, and the forces exerted on one object due to the other’s crossing at a short distance are calculated. The results verify the reliability of this method and show that it is applicable to the flow interaction of multiple moving objects.
Systematic Evaluating and Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 UVC Disinfection
Authors: Freeman Sebastian , Kibrler Karen , Lipsky Zachary , Jin Sha , German Guy , Ye Kaiming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic has necessitated evaluating various disinfection technologies for reducing viral transmission in public settings. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can inactivate pathogens and viruses but more insight is needed into the performance of different UV wavelengths and their applications. We observed greater than a 3-log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity with a dose of 12.5 mJ/cm2 of 254 nm UV light when the viruses were suspended in PBS, while a dose of 25 mJ/cm2 was necessary to achieve a similar reduction when they were in an EMEM culture medium containing 2%(v/v) FBS, highlighting the critical effect of media in which the virus is suspended, given that SARS-CoV-2 is always aerosolized when airborne or deposited on a surface. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility (a measure of the effectiveness of the UV light) in a buffer such as PBS was 4.4-fold greater than that in a cell culture medium. Furthermore, we discovered the attenuation of UVC disinfection by amino acids, vitamins, and niacinamide, highlighting the importance of determining UVC dosages under a condition close to aerosols that wrap the viruses. We developed a disinfection model to determine the effect of the environment on UVC effectiveness with three different wavelengths, 222 nm, 254 nm, and 265 nm. An inverse correlation between the liquid absorbance and the viral susceptibility was observed. We found that 222 nm light was most effective at reducing viral infectivity in low absorbing liquids such as PBS, whereas 265 nm light was most effective in high absorbing liquids such as cell culture medium. Viral susceptibility was further decreased in N95 masks with 222 nm light being the most effective. The safety of 222 nm was also studied. We detected changes to the mechanical properties of the stratum corneum of human skins when the 222 nm accumulative exposure exceeded 50 J/cm2.The findings highlight the need to evaluate each UV for a given application, as well as limiting the dose to the lowest dose necessary to avoid unnecessary exposure to the public.
Null effects of news exposure: A causal test of the (un)desirable effects of a ‘news vacation’ and ‘news binging’
Authors: Wojcieszak Magdalena , de Leeuw Sjifra , Casas Andreu , Yu Xudong , Menchen-Trevino Ericka , von Hohenberg Bernhard Clemm , Boon Miriam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This preregistered project examines the general belief that news has a beneficial impact on society. We test news exposure effects on desirable outcomes, i.e., political knowledge and participation, and detrimental outcomes, i.e., attitude and affective polarization, negative system perceptions, and worsened individual well-being. We rely on two complementary over-time experiments that combine participants' survey self-reports and their behavioral browsing data: one that incentivized participants taking a ‘news vacation’ for a week (N = 797; 30M visits) in the US, the other of 'news binging' for two weeks (N = 828; 17M visits) in Poland. Across both experiments, we demonstrate that reducing or increasing news exposure has little -- if any -- impact on the positive or negative outcomes tested. These robust null effects emerge irrespective of participants' prior levels of news consumption and whether prior news diet was like-minded, and regardless of compliance levels. We argue that these findings reflect the reality of limited news exposure in the real world, with news exposure comprising roughly 3.5\% of citizens' online information diet.