bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational waves from the remnants of the first stars in nuclear star clusters
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Bromm Volker 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We study Population III (Pop III) binary remnant mergers in nuclear star clusters (NSCs) with a semi-analytical approach for early structure formation. Within this framework, we keep track of the dynamics of Pop III binary (compact object) remnants during cosmic structure formation, and construct the population of Pop III binary remnants that fall into NSCs by dynamical friction of field stars. The subsequent evolution within NSCs is then derived from three-body encounters and gravitational-wave (GW) emission. We find that 7.5 per cent of Pop III binary remnants will fall into the centres ($\lt 3\ \rm pc$) of galaxies. About 5–50 per cent of these binaries will merge at z &gt; 0 in NSCs, including those with very large initial separations (up to 1 pc). The merger rate density (MRD) peaks at z ∼ 5–7 with ${\sim} 0.4\!-\!10\ \rm yr^{-1}\ \rm Gpc^{-3}$, leading to a promising detection rate of ${\sim} 170\!-\!2700\ \rm yr^{-1}$ for third-generation GW detectors that can reach z ∼ 10. Low-mass (${\lesssim} 10^{6}\ \rm M_{\odot }$) NSCs formed at high redshifts (z ≳ 4.5) host most (≳90 per cent) of our mergers, which mainly consist of black holes (BHs) with masses of ${\sim} 40\!-\!85\ \rm M_{\odot }$, similar to the most massive BHs found in LIGO events. Particularly, our model can produce events like GW190521 involving BHs in the standard mass gap for pulsational pair-instability supernovae with an MRD of ${\sim} 0.01\!-\!0.09\ \rm yr^{-1}\ Gpc^{-3}$ at z ∼ 1, consistent with that inferred by LIGO.
Spectroscopic and photometric analysis of symbiotic candidates – I. Ten candidates on classical symbiotic stars
Authors: Merc J , Gális R , Wolf M , Velez P , Buil C , Sims F , Bohlsen T , Vrašťák M , Boussin C , Boussier H , Cazzato P , Diarrasouba I , Teyssier F 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Symbiotic stars belong to a group of interacting binaries that display a wide variety of phenomena, including prominent outbursts connected with mass transfer, as well as stellar winds, jets, eclipses, or intrinsic variability of the components. Dozens of new symbiotic stars and candidates have been discovered in recent years. However, there are many objects that are still poorly studied. Some symbiotic candidates suspected in the literature have never been studied spectroscopically. In this contribution, we present the first results of the ongoing campaign focused on symbiotic candidates. In the first paper in the series, we study the nature of 10 candidate classical symbiotic stars suspected based on their photometric behaviour, colours or abundance pattern. To confirm or reject the symbiotic nature of the studied candidates, we obtained new spectra and analysed them in detail together with available multifrequency photometric and spectroscopic observations of the objects. Hen 3−860 and V2204 Oph are genuine symbiotic systems showing typical spectral features of burning symbiotic stars and outbursts in the last 100 yr. The first object belongs to the uncommon group of eclipsing symbiotic stars. V1988 Sgr cannot be classified as a genuine burning symbiotic star, but the scenario of an accreting-only symbiotic system cannot be ruled out. Hen 4−204 might be a bonafide symbiotic star due to its similarity with the known symbiotic binary BD Cam. Six other symbiotic candidates (V562 Lyr, IRAS 19050+0001, EC 19249−7343, V1017 Cyg, PN K1−6, V379 Peg) are either single dwarf or giant stars or non-symbiotic binaries.
Search for LBVs in the Local Volume galaxies: study of four stars in NGC 4449
Authors: Solovyeva Y , Vinokurov A , Sarkisyan A , Kostenkov A , Atapin K , Fabrika S , Oparin D , Valeev A , Bizyaev D , Nedialkov P , Spiridonova O 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We continue to search for LBV stars in galaxies outside the Local Group. In this work, we have investigated four luminous stars in NGC 4449. Multiple spectral observations carried out for J122810.94+440540.6, J122811.70+440550.9, and J122809.72+440514.8 revealed the emission features in their spectra that are characteristic of LBVs. Photometry showed noticeable brightness changes of J122809.72+440514.8 (ΔI = 0.69 ± 0.13m) and J122817.83+440630.8 (ΔR = 2.15 ± 0.13m), while the variability of J122810.94+440540.6 and J122811.70+440550.9 does not exceed 0.3m regardless of the filter. We have obtained estimates of the interstellar reddening, photosphere temperatures, and bolometric luminosities log (LBol/L⊙) ≈ 5.24–6.42. Using the cmfgen code, we have modelled the spectrum of the cold state of J122809.72+440514.8 ($T_{\text{eff}}=9300\,$ K) and have obtained possible value of the mass-loss rate $\dot{M} = 5.2\times 10^{-3}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. Based on the observational properties, J122809.72+440514.8 and J122817.83+440630.8 were classified as LBVs, while the other two stars were classified as LBV candidates or B[e]-supergiants candidates.
Final Evaluation Findings forThis Free Life, a 3-Year, Multi-Market Tobacco Public Education Campaign for Gender and Sexual Minority Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Crankshaw Erik , Gaber Jennifer , Guillory Jamie , Curry Laurel , Farrelly Matthew , Saunders McKinley , Hoffman Leah , Ganz Ollie , Delahanty Janine , Mekos Debra , Alexander Tesfa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis Free Life was the first multi-market, primarily digital campaign designed to change tobacco-related beliefs among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) young adults. Our evaluation sought to determine whether campaign exposure resulted in changes in tobacco-related beliefs. We summarize awareness and receptivity at the conclusion of the campaign and assess the effect of campaign exposure on tobacco-related beliefs in campaign treatment markets compared with control markets.Aims and MethodsTwenty-four US designated market areas were selected to receive the campaign or serve as control markets. A baseline survey was conducted in 2016, with six follow-up surveys conducted approximately 6 months apart over the course of the 3-year campaign. 12 324 LGBT young adult survey participants were recruited via intercept interviews and social media. Campaign effects on outcomes were estimated using difference-in-difference panel regression models, with p-values corrected for multiple comparisons.ResultsBrand and ad awareness peaked in treatment markets approximately 2.5 years into the 3-year campaign and were significantly higher in treatment than control markets. Brand equity and ad receptivity were generally high and similar across LGBT subgroups. There were small but significant campaign effects on five tobacco-related beliefs, with difference-in-difference estimates ranging from 1.9 to 5.6 percentage points.ConclusionsThis Free Life, the first multi-market tobacco public education campaign for LGBT young adults, reached and resonated with a large and diverse population, and had a small effect on beliefs involving social aspects of smoking. These findings should inform future communication efforts aimed at reducing tobacco use among LGBT young adults.ImplicationsModest overall campaign effects suggest that further research on effective campaign messaging and delivery to LGBT young adults is needed. Campaign messaging style, delivery channels, and targeted outcomes likely contributed to these findings. Health communication efforts for LGBT young adults should consider the limitations of digital media in achieving sufficient exposure. Ad style and content optimized for a digital environment is an area that will benefit from further development.
Xyloglucan Xylosyltransferase 1 Displays Promiscuity Toward Donor Substrates During in Vitro Reactions
Authors: Ehrlich Jacqueline J , Weerts Richard M , Shome Sayane , Culbertson Alan T , Honzatko Richard B , Jernigan Robert L , Zabotina Olga A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are a large family of enzymes that add sugars to a broad range of acceptor substrates, including polysaccharides, proteins and lipids, by utilizing a wide variety of donor substrates in the form of activated sugars. Individual GTs have generally been considered to exhibit a high level of substrate specificity, but this has not been thoroughly investigated across the extremely large set of GTs. Here we investigate xyloglucan xylosyltransferase 1 (XXT1), a GT involved in the synthesis of the plant cell wall polysaccharide, xyloglucan. Xyloglucan has a glucan backbone, with initial side chain substitutions exclusively composed of xylose from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-xylose. While this conserved substitution pattern suggests a high substrate specificity for XXT1, our in vitro kinetic studies elucidate a more complex set of behavior. Kinetic studies demonstrate comparable kcat values for reactions with UDP-xylose and UDP-glucose, while reactions with UDP-arabinose and UDP-galactose are over 10-fold slower. Using kcat/KM as a measure of efficiency, UDP-xylose is 8-fold more efficient as a substrate than the next best alternative, UDP-glucose. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that not all plant XXTs are highly substrate specific and some do show significant promiscuity in their in vitro reactions. Kinetic parameters alone likely do not explain the high substrate selectivity in planta, suggesting that there are additional control mechanisms operating during polysaccharide biosynthesis. Improved understanding of substrate specificity of the GTs will aid in protein engineering, development of diagnostic tools, and understanding of biological systems.
Exploring the Sub-state Intergovernmental Game
Authors: Brien Spencer T , Eger Robert J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a model of fiscal federalism where state and local officials jointly fund a local public good that produces regional externalities. The model examines the implications of diverging budgetary priorities at the state and local level for the sustainability of cooperative funding arrangements. Local government dependence on intergovernmental aid is shown to negatively affect the likelihood of receiving state bailouts. Additionally, the termination of joint funding agreements is predicted to precede increased government fragmentation through the formation of new special purpose districts. The analysis is illustrated using flood control infrastructure finance and school district fragmentation.
Indonesia finally returns to ‘Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’: no more hate but solidarity in COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has changed the situation in Indonesia, which was previously hit by issues of conflict that are ethnicity, religion, race and inter-group relations. It has now changed with various social and solidarity movements carried out by every level of society in various cities and provinces in Indonesia to fight the COVID-19 crisis together. The hope is that after the COVID-19 crisis ends, the solidarity in the motto ‘Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’ will continue to take root in every pulse of every Indonesian so that this spirit does not only appear when in critical situations but in everyday life in society.
Factors associated with remission at 5-year follow-up in recent-onset axial spondyloarthritis: results from the DESIR cohort
Authors: Pina Vegas Laura , Sbidian Emilie , Wendling Daniel , Goupille Philippe , Ferkal Salah , Le Corvoisier Philippe , Ghaleh Bijan , Luciani Alain , Claudepierre Pascal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe factors contributing to long-term remission in axial SpA (axSpA) are unclear. We aimed to characterize individuals with axSpA at the 5-year follow-up to identify baseline factors associated with remission.MethodsWe included all patients from the DESIR cohort (with recent-onset axSpA) with an available Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score–CRP (ASDAS-CRP) at 5-year follow-up. Patients in remission (ASDAS-CRP &lt; 1.3) were compared with those with active disease by demographic, clinical, biological and imaging characteristics. A logistic model stratified on TNF inhibitor (TNFi) exposure was used.ResultsOverall, 111/449 patients (25%) were in remission after 5 years. Among those never exposed to TNFi, 31% (77/247) were in remission compared with 17% (34/202) of those exposed to TNFi. Patients in remission after 5 years were more likely to be male, HLA-B27+, have a lower BMI, and a higher education level. Baseline factors associated with 5-year remission in patients never exposed to TNFi included lower BASDAI [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8, 0.9) and history of peripheral arthritis (ORa 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.3). In those exposed to TNFi, remission was associated with higher education level (ORa 2.9, 95% CI: 1.6, 5.1), lower enthesitis index (ORa 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.9), lower BASDAI (ORa 0.9, 95% CI: 0.9, 0.9) and lower BMI (ORa 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.9).ConclusionThis study highlights the difficulty in achieving 5-year remission in those with recent-onset axSpA, especially for the more active cases, despite the use of TNFi. Socio-economic factors and BMI are implicated in the outcome at 5 years.
Strengths of Latinas in Spain: A Challenge for a Resilient Social Work Practice
Authors: Anleu-Hernández Claudia María , García-Moreno Cristina , Zafra-Aparici Eva , Forns-Fernández Maria Victòria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article aims to break with two social stereotypes often held about Latinas in Spain. Authors analyze Latinas’ main strengths from a resilient and intersectional approach, to consider them holistically within social work interventions. Rather than focusing on Latinas' difficulties, authors point to their multiple strengths and the ability to move forward. The study took place in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia (Spain). A qualitative approach was used. Participants included Latinas living in Tarragona and social workers from the Tarragona social services. The techniques used were nine life stories and 59 semi-open questionnaires with Latinas, and 14 interviews with social workers. The authors identified a fighting attitude and an entrepreneurial and creative spirit as both individual and collective strengths, especially within Latinas' social networks. Latinas did not recognize themselves as victims, nor did they claim to assume that identity. The social workers’ interventions are implemented in a weak welfare system based on a model characterized by a paternalistic and victim-based viewpoint. Adopting approaches such as intersectionality and resilience would allow for the creation of fairer policies, programs, and projects targeted for Latinas, not just in Spain, but in other countries, too.
Community Organization and Empowerment of Women: The Mujeres Pescadoras del Manglar Cooperative in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Sartini Ilaria , Sánchez Francisco Caravaca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gender equity is still a challenge for the world, especially in those regions where sociocultural practices permeated by machismo, that is, male chauvinism, intersect with poverty and institutionalized racial discrimination. The creation of safe and feminized spaces where women can express themselves freely is crucial in the process of cultivating their awareness of their own positions, and the first step toward individual and collective empowerment. In this article the authors point out the direct and positive relationship between feminine cooperativism and women’s empowerment, taking as a case study the Mujeres Pescadoras del Manglar cooperative in Oaxaca, Mexico, a group of women who, thanks to a social work program implemented by La Ventana civic association, has been able to gain empowerment and recognition at a personal and political level. Likewise, Mujeres Pescadoras del Manglar is an example of the national phenomenon of bolstering female employment in the fishing sector, which is on the rise thanks to the growing number of women’s cooperatives, through which they can access the labor market, feminize new spaces, and achieve full empowerment for themselves, their families, and the society in which they live. The fieldwork was carried out from November 2018 to February 2019 in the community of El Zapotalito, Oaxaca. The methodology used consists of semistructured interviews, life stories, field diaries, and participant observation. This article showcases a positive example of social work empowering low-income women on the Chica coast of Oaxaca.
Effect of essential oil blends and a nonionic surfactant on rumen fermentation, anti-oxidative status, and growth performance of lambs
Authors: Passetti Ludmila C G , Passetti Rodrigo A C , McAllister Tim A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils (OEO; XEO) and an emulsifier on rumen fermentation, anti-oxidative status, and the growth performance of lambs. A finishing study was conducted using 35 females and 35 males Suffolk × Canadian Arcott crossbreed lambs, fed a 16:84 forage:concentrate pelleted barley-based with either Control; Bovatec (0.018% Bovatec); Emulsifier (0.25% of Emulsifier); OEO (0.11% of blend 1); XEO (0.0125% of blend 2); OEO + Emulsifier; or XEO + Emulsifier. The rumen fluid of all lambs was sampled via stomach tubing to measure ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and NH3 concentrations and enumerate protozoa. Ruminal pH, molar proportions of individual VFA (except for acetate), and ammonia concentration were similar among treatments. The acetate and total VFA concentrations were lower (P = 0.03) for lambs receiving OEO, while protozoa numbers were increased (P = 0.01). No changes were observed in blood glutathione peroxidize or total superoxide dismutase, but there was a tendency for a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in lambs fed diets containing OEO or XEO. No differences among diets were observed in coccidia oocyst counts (OPG) in feces, however, the prevalence of coccidia in lambs was reduced (Cramer’s V = 0.081) with OEO. Lambs fed OEO had the highest (P &lt; 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI) (1.48 kg/d), whereas those fed XEO had the lowest (1.30 kg/d). Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (DMI/ADG), and carcass measurements (hot carcass weight, carcass dressing percentages) were not affected by EO or EM. Results from this study suggest that EO may alter rumen fermentation and protozoa counts and increase DMI. However, these responses did not appear to be enhanced by Emulsifier as its inclusion with essential oils did not enhance fermentation or growth responses.
The potential for using shell proteins in gastropod systematics, assessed in patellogastropod limpets
Authors: Colgan Donald James 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis investigation of the application of shell protein information to gastropod systematics initially utilized available Lottia gigantea sequences and a transcriptome of Patelloida mimula developed here. Levels of differentiation between predicted sequences of reciprocal best-hit potential homologues in P. mimula and L. gigantea suggested that they could be useful within families, and possibly in higher taxa using some shell-associated proteins, particularly the peroxidases. Subsequently, proteomic analyses of the acid-soluble fraction of extractions from 17 shells and five tissue samples were conducted by combined liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with nano-electrospray ionization. All proteins with abundance more than 1.2% in the L. gigantea shell proteome were identified with 100% confidence in most extractions by SearchGui/PeptideShaker analyses. In total, 259 of 379 peptides predicted from in silico digestion of L. gigantea shell proteins were represented by validated peptide spectrum matches in one or more specimens. Systematics applications were investigated by analysing metrics such as protein coverage by peptides and phylogenetic analyses of peptide presence/absence. The investigation suggested that diagnostic profiles based on fixed presence/absence differences can be used to separate species pairs. However, further development of analytical techniques and accumulation of reference databases is required for realising fully the systematics potential of the shell proteome.
Systemic Sarcoidosis with Psoriasiform Plaques and Patchy Nonscarring Alopecia
Authors: Omar Shaimaa Ismail , Genedy Rasha Mahmoud , Zaid Sami Abdelhamid Abo 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Cutaneous sarcoidosis occurs in about one-quarter of patients with systemic disease and presents with either specific or nonspecific signs. Psoriasiform sarcoidosis is an uncommon presentation. Herein, study authors report a rare case of systemic sarcoidosis that presented with psoriasiform plaques and patchy alopecia. The main patient complaint was disfigurement from skin lesions over different areas of his body, followed by scalp alopecia and uveitis. These lesions were well-defined plaques, some oozing and others scaly. Dermoscopic examination revealed yellow-orange globular structure. A biopsy was taken; the eventual diagnosis was sarcoidosis, for which the patient received treatment with systemic steroids, resulting in improvement of all of his lesions. Physicians should suspect sarcoidosis in any patient presenting with psoriasiform skin lesions not responding to traditional psoriasis treatment.
Variation in Auditory Experience Affects Language and Executive Function Skills in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing
Authors: McCreery Ryan W. , Walker Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Children who are hard of hearing (CHH) experience delays in spoken language and executive function, but the mechanisms for these deficits remain unresolved. Differences in auditory experience and language skills have been examined as contributing factors to deficits in executive function, primarily with children who are deaf and children with cochlear implants. The theoretical model of cumulative auditory experience quantifies auditory dosage as how much speech is audible and how often children wear their hearing aids. CHH with higher auditory dosage have better language outcomes than peers with less auditory dosage. However, the effects of auditory experience on executive function have not been studied in CHH. The goal of this study was to examine the influences of auditory experience and language skills on the development of executive function in CHH.

Design:
We collected measures of aided speech audibility, hearing aid use, executive function, and receptive vocabulary in 177 CHH and 86 children with typical hearing who were 5- to 10 years old and matched for socioeconomic status and nonverbal intelligence. Auditory dosage was calculated by combining each child’s average hours of hearing aid use with their audibility for speech to create a variable that quantifies individual differences in auditory access.

Results:
CHH had lower receptive vocabulary and deficits in executive function related to working memory and selective attention compared to peers with typical hearing. CHH with greater auditory dosage had higher receptive vocabulary than CHH with lower auditory dosage. Better receptive vocabulary was associated with better scores on executive function measures related to working memory and attention. Auditory dosage was also directly associated with measures of verbal working memory.

Conclusions:
CHH have deficits in language and some, but not all, areas of executive function related to working memory and attention. Auditory dosage was associated with language abilities and verbal working memory. Language was associated with individual differences in executive function skills related to attention and working memory. These results provide support for systems theories regarding the development of executive function in CHH. Interventions that improve auditory access and language may be effective for improving executive function related to working memory and attention in CHH.