bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on Consumers’ Buying Behaviour and Consumption Pattern towards Milk in Nagpur City of Maharashtra
Authors: Uikey Ashish A. , Thakkar Mehul G. 
Published: August 2021

Understanding and monitoring the behaviour of consumers is vital for producers of products and services which help them for market development, new product design, packaging and promotional efforts, so as to suit for milk consumers. Also, to know about how the milk sales were affected during COVID-19, the project was undertaken. The descriptive cross sectional research design was used. The place of study was Nagpur City of Maharashtra and duration was 1st July to 31st July 2020. The data has been collected from 100 milk consumers. Non-Probability Convenience sampling method was used. Primary data was collected through Personal Interview Method by meeting consumers. Secondary data was collected from journals, Research papers, and Company website. Descriptive Statistics method such as Percentage, Averages, Rankings, etc. was used to analyze the data. Graphical analysis was used to achieve the objectives of the study.
It was found that Roadside vendors (54.29%) were the major source for purchase of packaged milk followed by Kirana stores (37.14%). Major important source for getting information about the milk brands was Television (47.14%), followed by Newspapers (37.14%), Retailers (14.29%) respectively. It was observed that among various attributes that affect purchase of milk, Taste was the most important attribute, followed by Quality, Brand Image, Packaging and Price respectively. The study with reference to homemade dairy products revealed that majority of the respondents (76%) were not making dairy products at home, only near about 1/4th respondents (24%) were making dairy products at home. During Lockdown majority of the respondents (63%) had no change in their milk consumption, while for near about 1/4th respondents (23%) consumption was increased and for some respondents (14%) consumption was decreased. For 23% respondents 250ml increase in milk consumption was seen. For majority of the respondents (65.22%) the reason for increase in milk consumption was All family members staying at home and for rest of the respondents (34.78%) it was Work from home. For 10% respondents 250ml decrease in milk consumption was seen and for 4% respondents 500ml decrease was seen. For majority of the respondents (78.57%) the reason for decrease in milk consumption was Financial issues.
Seasonal Incidence and Effect of Abiotic Factors on Population Dynamics of Sucking Insect Pest Complex of Groundnut
Authors: Dhatri K. Shamili , Chalam M. S. V. , Rajesh A. , Murthy B. Ramana , Venkateswartlu N. C. 
Published: August 2021

Studies on seasonal incidence of sucking insect pests carried out with three dates of sowing viz., early (July 15th), normal (July 30th) and late (August 15th) revealed that the incidence of leafhoppers, aphids and thrips started from 5 to 14 DAS (days after sowing) and continued till harvesting. In early sown crop, the incidence of leafhoppers started from 31 SW and incidence of aphids and thrips started from 30 SW and continued up to 42 and 43 SW for leafhoppers and aphids, respectively and 41 SW for thrips. In normal sown crop, incidence of leafhoppers and aphids started from 32 SW and incidence of thrips started from 31 SW and continued till the end of 45 SW for all the three pests. In late sown crop, the incidence of leafhoppers started from 35 SW and incidence of aphids and thrips started from 34 SW and continued up to 46 and 47 SW for leafhoppers and aphids, respectively and 46 SW for thrips. Correlation studies revealed that incidence of leafhoppers exhibited significant negative correlation with maximum temperature (r = -0.467, -0.442 and -0.464) and rainfall (r = -0.518, -0.529 and -0.742) during all the three dates of sowing (early, normal and late, respectively) and significant negative correlation with minimum temperature in late sown crop (r = -0.448). Aphids exhibited significant negative correlation with maximum temperature (r = -0.469, -0.521 and -0.472) and rainfall (r = -0.443, -0.450 and -0.721) in all the three dates of sowing (early, normal and late, respectively) while significant negative correlation with minimum temperature in early and late sown crop with r values -0.519 and -0.324. Thrips exhibited significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.522, 0.459 and 0.447), significant negative correlation with rainfall (r = -0.458, -0.465 and -0.451) during three dates of sowing (early, normal and late, respectively) while significant negative correlation with relative humidity in early sown crop (r = -0.616) and significant positive correlation with minimum temperature in early sown crop (r = 0.463).
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Gene (CTX-M) among Representative Multidrug-Resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Ajayi Ayodele Oluwaseun , Osanyinlusi Samuel Ayodeji , Popoola Oluwabukola Atinuke , Ogeneh Bryan 
Published: August 2021

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a huge public health problem and the emergence of extended spectrum-beta-lactamase producing bacterial pathogens increases the burden of infectious diseases in Nigeria. This study determined the current prevalence of cephalosporin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections between February 2018 and June 2018. This study was aimed to determine cephalosporin resistance prevalence among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections between February 2018 and June 2018. A total number of forty representative Gram-negative bacterial isolates namely Escherichia coli (n=14), Klebsiella pneumonia (n=9), Proteus mirabilis (n=12), and Klebsiella oxytoca (n=5) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes using primers specific for blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M. The molecular evaluation indicated the presence of blaCTX-M gene in 20.0% of the tested organisms, while other ESBL genes variants were not detected. The organisms carrying the blaCTX-M gene included E. coli (n=3, 37.5%), K. pneumoniae (n=1, 12.5%), P. mirabilis (n=1, 12.5%),) and K. oxytoca (n=3, 37.5%). The presence of cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative bacteria among patients with UTI may constitute a serious threat to public health and efforts must be intensified to regulate the clinical use of the cephalosporins.
Human Development Index: A Comparative Study between Nepal and Other SAARC Member Countries
Authors: Malakar Indra Mali , Sapkota Bhaba Datta 
Published: August 2021

This study aims at assessing the trends, patterns and compositions of indices of Human Development Index (HDI) of Nepal, with the bid of comparing these with those of the SAARC member countries. Using primary and secondary sources of data, the study embarks on a consecutive analysis of the years ranging from 2015 to 2019, while employing a descriptive research design. Simple descriptive tools; content analysis, trend line, and bar diagram are used for data presentation and analysis. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been preparing the global Human Development Index report since 1990. The study argues that misplaced priorities and not necessarily a shortage of resources often prevent countries from reaching acceptable levels of human development indexes, and thus failing to assuring their citizens the necessary universal access to basic essential amenities such as health, education, security and overall human emancipation. It concludes that, this type of comparison is pertinent because it would attract public attention, in terms of policy advocacy, which could lead to extensive positive policy initiatives for more detailed discussions and application of development strategies amongst the SAARC members’ countries.
Down‐regulation of Polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4) induces G1 arrest via activation of the p38/p53/p21 signaling pathway in bladder cancer
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Sun Haiyan , Ma Wenlong , Wu Kai , Peng Guoyu , Ou Tong , Wu Song 
Published: August 2021

Polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4) has been reported to contribute to tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the role of PLK4 in human bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the regulatory function of PLK4 in human BC progression. PLK4 is overexpressed in BC cell lines and tissues, and its overexpression correlated with poor prognosis. Our transcriptome analysis combined with subsequent functional assays indicated that PLK4 inhibition can suppress BC cell growth and induce cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via activation of the p38/p53/p21 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our data suggest that PLK4 is a critical regulator of BC cell proliferation, and thus, it may have potential as a novel molecular target for BC treatment.
Electrospinning Synthesis of Self‐Standing Cobalt/Nanocarbon Hybrid Membrane for Long‐Life Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Xia Chenfeng , Huang Lei , Yan Dafeng , Douka Abdoulkader Ibro , Guo Wei , Qi Kai , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntegrating high‐efficiency oxygen electrocatalyst directly into air electrodes is vital for zinc–air batteries to achieve higher electrochemical performance. Herein, a self‐standing membrane composed of hierarchical cobalt/nanocarbon nanofibers is fabricated by the electrospinning technique. This hybrid membrane can be directly employed as the bifunctional air electrode in zinc–air batteries and can achieve a high peak power density of 304 mW cm−2 with a long service life of 1500 h at 5 mA cm−2. Its assembled solid‐state zinc–air battery also delivers a promising power density of 176 mW cm−2 with decent flexibility. The impressive rechargeable battery performance would be attributed to the self‐standing membrane architecture integrated by oxygen electrocatalysts with abundant cobalt–nitrogen–carbon active species in the hierarchical electrode. This study may provide effective electrospinning solutions in integrating efficient electrocatalyst and electrode for energy storage and conversion technologies.
Neuromechanobiology: An Expanding Field Driven by the Force of Greater Focus
Authors: Motz Cara T. , Kabat Victoria , Saxena Tarun , Bellamkonda Ravi V. , Zhu Cheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe brain processes information by transmitting signals through highly connected and dynamic networks of neurons. Neurons use specific cellular structures, including axons, dendrites and synapses, and specific molecules, including cell adhesion molecules, ion channels and chemical receptors to form, maintain and communicate among cells in the networks. These cellular and molecular processes take place in environments rich of mechanical cues, thus offering ample opportunities for mechanical regulation of neural development and function. Recent studies have suggested the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the development and maintenance of these neuronal structures. Also suggested are the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the interaction and function of molecules mediating the interneuronal communications. In this review, the current understanding is integrated and promising future directions of neuromechanobiology are suggested at the cellular and molecular levels. Several neuronal processes where mechanics likely plays a role are examined and how forces affect ligand binding, conformational change, and signal induction of molecules key to these neuronal processes are indicated, especially at the synapse. The disease relevance of neuromechanobiology as well as therapies and engineering solutions to neurological disorders stemmed from this emergent field of study are also discussed.
3D Printing of Microgel Scaffolds with Tunable Void Fraction to Promote Cell Infiltration
Authors: Seymour Alexis J. , Shin Sungchul , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGranular, microgel‐based materials have garnered interest as promising tissue engineering scaffolds due to their inherent porosity, which can promote cell infiltration. Adapting these materials for 3D bioprinting, while maintaining sufficient void space to enable cell migration, can be challenging, since the rheological properties that determine printability are strongly influenced by microgel packing and void fraction. In this work, a strategy is proposed to decouple printability and void fraction by blending UV‐crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microgels with sacrificial gelatin microgels to form composite inks. It is observed that inks with an apparent viscosity greater than ≈100 Pa s (corresponding to microgel concentrations ≥5 wt%) have rheological properties that enable extrusion‐based printing of multilayered structures in air. By altering the ratio of GelMA to sacrificial gelatin microgels, while holding total concentration constant at 6 wt%, a family of GelMA:gelatin microgel inks is created that allows for tuning of void fraction from 0.20 to 0.57. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) seeded onto printed constructs are observed to migrate into granular inks in a void fraction‐dependent manner. Thus, the family of microgel inks holds promise for use in 3D printing and tissue engineering applications that rely upon cell infiltration.
Electro‐Blown Spun Silk/Graphene Nanoionotronic Skin for Multifunctional Fire Protection and Alarm
Authors: Cao Leitao , Liu Qiang , Ren Jing , Chen Wenshuai , Pei Ying , Kaplan David L. , Ling Shengjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial protective skins are widely used in artificial intelligence robots, such as humanoid robots, mobile manipulation robots, and automatic probe robots, but their safety in use, especially flame retardancy, is rarely considered. As many artificial skins are designed for use in flammable or even explosive environments, flammability is a significant concern. Herein, a flame‐retardant silk/graphene nanoionotronic (SGNI) skin is developed by using a rationally designed high‐throughput electro‐blown spinning technique, with a more efficient production efficiency than electrospinning. These flame retardant SGNI skins combine the advantages of nanofibrous and ionotronic materials, and they are sustainable, conductive, highly porous, mechanically robust, highly stretchable, self‐adhesive, and humidity‐ and temperature‐sensitive. These merits support the assembly of SGNI skins into a fire alarm system, with real‐time alarm (response in 2 s) to mobile phones, clouds, and a central control system. The concept that combines a flame retardant and fire alarm material into an intelligent skin may provide potential solutions toward the design of protective skins for robotics and human–machine interactions.
Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Spontaneously Beating Dynamics of Cardiac Tissues: An Analysis Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Lou Lihua , Rubfiaro Alberto Sesena , He Jin , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrical pacing/stimulations (EP) have been widely adopted to promote the maturation of hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes. However, there is a debate about their functions and effectiveness due to non‐optimized pacing conditions. Here, the effectiveness of EP (13 V cm−1, 2 ms in width, and 5 Hz frequency) on cardiac tissue beating mechanics are analyzed using digital image correlation (DIC). The cardiac tissues with and without EP at tissue culture time from day 2 to 11 (D2–D11) are characterized and compared. The results indicate EP decreased cardiac beating motion for ≈2–15 times, promote synchronization, and improve ion handling. A positive correlation between cardiac beating mechanics and ion handling is observed. DIC method can optimize chemical, mechanical, and electrical stimulation, which could help create more mature cardiac tissues.
Water‐Induced and Wavelength‐Dependent Light Absorption and Emission Dynamics in Triple‐Cation Halide Perovskites
Authors: Howard John M. , Palm Kevin J. , Wang Qiong , Lee Erica , Abate Antonio , Munday Jeremy N. , Leite Marina S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHP) can be made more stable through the addition of small amounts of cesium. Despite the improvement, these multication absorbers still display strong environmental sensitivity to any combination of factors, including water, oxygen, bias, temperature, and light. Here, the relationship is elucidated between light absorption, charge carrier radiative recombination, and relative humidity (rH) for the Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 composition, revealing partially reversible reductions in the extinction coefficient and fully reversible 25× enhancements in absolute light emission registered across the same humidity cycles up to 70% rH. With in situ excitation wavelength‐dependent measurements, irreversible changes are identified in the perovskite after a single cycle of humidity‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) performed with 450 nm excitation. The in situ measurement platform can be extended to test the effect of other stressors on thin films’ optical behavior.
Rationally Designed Window Layers for High Efficiency Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Park Ik Jae , Kim Dong Hoe , Ji Su Geun , Ahn You Jin , Park So Jeong , Kim Daehan , Shin Byungha , Kim Jin Young 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMinimizing optical losses of the incident light at the window layers is one of the effective strategies for high photoresponse to achieve highly efficient perovskite/silicon tandem cells. The enhancement of the photoresponse of monolithic tandem cells via rationally controlling their window layers consisting of C60 and indium tin oxide (ITO) is reported. The optical simulation and experimental results are consistent that employing thinner C60 and ITO layers would reduce the optical losses caused by absorption/reflection of the incident, which should lead to the increased photocurrent density. However, it is found that the enhanced optical properties have to be balanced with the changes in the electrical and structural properties. The thickness of layers is optimized to function as charge collection and protection (during sputtering process) layers. As a result, the optimum design of the window layers maximizes the photoresponse without degrading the device performances, leading to a highly efficient two‐terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 25.63%.
Effectively Regulating More Robust Amorphous Li Clusters for Ultrastable Dendrite‐Free Cycling
Authors: Huang Shizhi , Yang Junfeng , Ma Luxiang , Ding Jingyi , Wang Xusheng , Peng Chengyuan , Zhao Binglu , Cao Mengxiong , Zheng Junrong , Zhang Xin‐Xiang , Chen Jitao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA disordered phase in Li‐deposit nanostructure is greatly attractive, but plagued by the uncontrollable and unstable growth, and the nanoscale characterization in the structure. Here, fully characterized in cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM), more robust amorphous‐Li (ALi) clusters are revealed and effectively regulated on heteroatom‐activating electronegative sites and an advanced solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Heteroatom‐activating electronegative sites capably enhance the electrostatic interaction of Li+ and heteroatom‐doping graphene‐like film (HDGs), meaning lower Li diffusion barrier and larger binding energy that is confirmed by small nucleation overpotentials of 13.9 and 10 mV at 0.1 mA cm−2 in the fluoroethylene carbonate‐adding ester‐based (FEC‐ester) and LiNO3‐adding ether‐based (LiNO3‐ether) electrolytes. Orderly multilayer SEI structure comprised of inorganic‐rich components enables fast ion transports and durable capabilities to construct highly reversible and long‐term plating/stripping cycling. ALi cluster anodes exhibit non‐crystalline morphologies and perform ultrastable dendrite‐free cycling over 2800 times. Stable ALi clusters are also grown in LiFePO4 (LFP) (LFP‐ALi‐HDGs‐N||LiFePO4 [LFP]) full cells with advantageous capacities up to 165.5 and 164.3 mAh g−1 in these optimized electrolytes at 0.1 C; the remarkable capacity retentions maintain to 93% and 91% after 150 cycles at 0.2 C. Structure viability, electrochemical reversibility, and excellent performance in ALi clusters are effectively regulated.
Exploring manganese pyridylporphyrin isomers for cyclohexane oxidation: First‐generation catalysts are better than third‐generation ones
Authors: Meireles Alexandre Moreira , Guimarães Adriano Silva , Querino Guilherme Rabelo , Castro Kelly Aparecida Dias de Freitas , Nakagaki Shirley , DeFreitas‐Silva Gilson 
Published: August 2021

AbstractManganese porphyrins are widely studied as catalysts for oxidation reactions of different organic substrates. In this work, we evaluate the catalytic activity of manganese complexes derived from meso‐tetrakis(2‐, 3‐, or 4‐pyridyl) porphyrin isomers, [Mn(TXPyP)]Cl (X = 2, 3, or 4), and the respective β‐octabrominated counter‐parts, [Mn(Br8TXPyP)], for oxidation of cyclohexane by PhI(OAc)2. At first, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new third‐generation manganese porphyrin, [Mn(Br8T4PyP)]. It presented a more positive value of half‐wave potential (−0.287 V vs. Fc+/Fc) and a lower solubility in organic solvents among the isomers. In general, the third‐generation catalysts [Mn(Br8TXPyP)] showed lower catalytic activity than those of the first‐generation [Mn(TXPyP)]Cl in all systems studied. In addition, the use of water or imidazole as cocatalysts did not increase the yield or selectivity of the systems. Finally, when evaluating the use of the classic oxidant PhIO, there was a decrease in yield for all systems, indicating that PhI(OAc)2 is a good substitute for this oxidant in catalytic systems.
Triallyl isocyanurate‐assisted grafting of maleic anhydride to poly(lactic acid): Efficient compatibilizers for poly(lactic acid)/talc composites with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Park Seung Bin , Lee Young Jun , Ku Kang Hee , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA)/talc composites are of considerable interest because they can address the drawbacks associated with PLA, such as poor thermal/mechanical properties and high cost. Nevertheless, due to low compatibility between PLA and talc, coupling agents, or compatibilizers capable of increasing the adhesion between the two materials are required. Herein, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC)‐assisted maleic anhydride (MAH)‐grafted PLA (i.e., PLA‐g‐[MAH/TAIC]) copolymers are developed as compatibilizers for achieving PLA/talc composites with significantly enhanced mechanical properties. The TAIC increases the MAH activity and inhibits the degradation of the PLA, thus effectively increasing the MAH grafting degree. Importantly, the PLA‐g‐(MAH/TAIC) copolymers improve the mechanical properties (30% and 17% increases in the elongation at break and Izod impact strength, respectively) compared to those of the PLA/talc composite with PLA‐g‐MAH.
Fault‐tolerant control of PMSM based on NTSMC and NLFO
Authors: Ma Liling , Wang Fuxiang , Wang Junzheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, a reliable fault‐tolerant control scheme is proposed for open‐circuit faults of the drive in a three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system. A three‐phase four‐switch fault‐tolerant topology drive is employed to guarantee the continuous operation after fault occurrence. A non‐singular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) scheme is proposed to improve the robustness and the dynamic performance of the post‐fault system. To estimate the information of fault, a nonlinear learning fault observer is constructed. Based on the fault information, a compensation term is added to the control scheme against the adverse effects of the transition process. Simulation results show that the proposed fault‐tolerant control scheme enables the system to track the desired reference commands in the absence/presence of faults with satisfactory performance and achieves smooth transition for control law switching.