bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of mitochondria origin of SARS-CoV-2 double-membrane vesicles: a review.
Authors: Montes de Oca-B Pavel 
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that has infected in a year more than 200 million people and has killed almost 4.5 million people worldwide. This infection affects mainly certain groups of people that have high susceptibility to present severe COVID-19 due to comorbidities. Moreover, the long-COVID-19 comprises a series of symptoms that may remain in some patients for months after infection that further compromises health of individuals. Therefore, this pandemic poses a serious emergency worldwide. Thus, since this pandemic is profoundly affecting economic and social life of societies, a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle could help to envisage novel therapeutic alternatives that limit or stop COVID-19.Several recent findings have unexpectedly found that mitochondria play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 cell infection. Indeed, it has been suggested that this organelle could be the origin of its replication niches, the double membrane vesicles (DMV), as its been observed with another virus. In this regard, mitochondria derived vesicles (MDV), involved in mitochondria quality control, were discovered more than 10 years ago and interestingly there is a population characterized by a double membrane. MDV shedding is induced by mitochondrial stress and it has a fast assembly dynamic, reason that perhaps has precluded their identification in electron microscopy or tomography studies. These and other features of MDV together with recent SARS-CoV-2 protein interactome with the host and other findings linking SARS-CoV-2 to mitochondria, support that these vesicles are the precursors of SARS-CoV-2 induced DMV. In this work, the celular, molecular, phenotypical and biochemical evidence that supports this hypothesis is reviewed and integrated into the current model of SARS-CoV-2 cell infection. In this scheme, some relevant questions are raised as pending topics for research that would help in the near future to test this hypothesis. The intention (abstract truncated).
Influence of time on the predictive value of the post-resuscitation ECG
Authors: Evans Carl , Nelson Magnus 
Published: October 2021

Background: The reliability of the electrocardiogram (ECG) after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is unclear. While its predictive value has previously been described, no studies have looked at the influence of time on the post-ROSC ECG. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the ECG immediately after ROSC and between 1 and 5 hours later to assess whether time influences its ability to accurately predict the need for percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: A single-centre, retrospective, observational 1-year analysis examined the records of post-ROSC patients who underwent coronary angiography and for whom prehospital and delayed post-ROSC ECGs were available for analysis. Findings: Forty-two post-ROSC ECGs were reviewed alongside angiographic findings. Sensitivities of 25% and 69%, specificities of 60% and 100% and an accuracies of 33% and 76% were calculated for the prehospital and delayed hospital ECGs respectively. A chi-squared value of 7.78 (P=0.0053) suggests there is statistical significance between the two. Conclusions: The delayed post-ROSC ECG is statistically significantly more accurate, suggesting that time influences the reliability of the post-ROSC ECG.
INTREPID program: technology and architecture for next-generation, energy-efficient, hyper-scale data centers [Invited]
Authors: Saleh Adel A. M. , Schmidtke Katharine E. , Stone Robert J. , Buckwalter James F. , Coldren Larry A. , Schow Clint L. 
Published: October 2021

The INTREPID program is developing power-efficient coherent optics for package-level integration with future switch integrated circuits as a path to realizing higher-radix switches for flatter networks. The link architecture is underpinned by coherent quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) polarization-multiplex transceivers at 200 Gb/s per

λ

, further enhanced with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to enable energy-efficient 800 or 1600 Gb/s inter-switch fiber connections. The technology is compatible with conventional three-level data center designs as well as a two-level data center design introduced here, which includes an added layer of passive, arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) or WDM circuit switches to further improve the cost, energy efficiency, and latency of the network.
Dynamically switchable terahertz absorber based on a hybrid metamaterial with vanadium dioxide and graphene
Authors: Zhang Baohe , Xu Kai-Da 
Published: October 2021

We numerically demonstrate a switchable metamaterial absorber with two states (i.e., ultra-broadband and narrowband) in the terahertz region. Such switchable functionalities are accomplished by using a simple absorption system consisting of a hybrid metamaterial with vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) and graphene. Theoretical calculations show that when

V
O

2

is in the metal state, the absorption system without a graphene ring can act as a broadband absorber. For the broadband absorber, the absorption bandwidth of 5.05 THz (i.e., 93%) can be obtained under the condition of over 90% absorption rate, covering a frequency range of 2.91–7.96 THz. Meanwhile, the absorber exhibits tunable characteristics, whose absorption rate can be continuously adjusted from 1% to 99% by controlling the conductivity of

V
O

2

from

2

×

1

0

2

to

2

×

1

0

5

S

/

m

. It is polarization-insensitive with a large angle tolerance in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves. Multiple interference theory is used to analyze the mechanism of the broadband absorber, and the theoretical results are in good agreement with simulations. When the

V
O

2

is changed to the insulator state, the absorber system with a graphene ring can be switched to a narrowband absorber. This work will have great potential applications in the terahertz regime, such as tunable broadband absorbers, dynamic sensing, cloaking, and photodetectors.
3D CFD modeling of flowing-gas Rb DPALs: effects of buffer gas composition and of ionization of high lying Rb states
Authors: Waichman Karol , Barmashenko Boris D. , Rosenwaks Salman 
Published: October 2021

A comprehensive three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D CFD)
modeling of flowing-gas Rb diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) is carried
out. The cases of

H
e

/

C
H

4

and pure He buffer gases are
investigated, and the output power and optical efficiency are
calculated for various pump powers, mole fractions of methane, buffer
gas pressures, and flow velocities. The model considers the processes
of excitation of high levels of Rb, ionization, ion-electron
recombination, and heating of electrons, which affect the diffusion
coefficient of Rb ions. Two types of Rb DPAL were studied: a low-power
laboratory-scale device with pump power of several tens of watts and a
high-power multi-kilowatt laser. Efficient operation of the Rb laser
using pure He as buffer gas can be achieved only in a large-scale
laser with a pump beam cross-sectional area of several

c
m

2

. The calculated results for such a
device were compared with those reported by
Gavrielides et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
35, 2202 (2018)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.35.002202],
where a simplified three-level model based on the one-dimensional gas
dynamics approach was applied.
Investment case approach for equitable access to maternal neonatal and child health services: Stakeholders’ perspective in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Janak Kumar , Stöckl Doris , Sangroula Raj Kumar , Pun Asha , Thapa Meena , Maskey Mahesh Kumar , Delius Maria 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundInvestment Case is a participatory approach that has been used over the years for better strategic actions and planning in the health sector. Based on this approach, a District Investment Case (DIC) program was launched to improve maternal, neonatal and child health services in partnership with government, non-government sectors and UNICEF Nepal. In the meantime, this study aimed to explore perceptions and experiences of local stakeholders regarding health planning and budgeting and explore the role of the DIC program in ensuring equity in access to maternal and child health services.MethodsThis study adopted an exploratory phenomenography design with a purposive sampling technique for data collection. Three DIC implemented districts and three comparison districts were selected and total 30 key informant interviews with district level stakeholders and six focus groups with community stakeholders were carried out. A deductive approach was used to explore the perception of local stakeholders of health planning and budgeting of the health care expenses on the local level.ResultsInvestment Case approach helped stakeholders in planning systematically based on evidence through collaborative and participatory approach while in comparison areas previous year plan was mainly primarily considered as reference. Resource constraints and geographical difficulty were key barriers in executing the desired plan in both intervention and comparison districts. Positive changes were observed in coverage of maternal and child health services in both groups. A few participants reported no difference due to the DIC program. The participants specified the improvement in access to information, access and utilization of health services by women. This has influenced the positive health care seeking behavior.ConclusionsThe decentralized planning and management approach at the district level helps to ensure equity in access to maternal, newborn and child health care. However, quality evidence, inclusiveness, functional feedback and support system and local resource utilization should be the key consideration.
AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIFÚNGICA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA CHEEL SOBRE ISOLADO CLÍNICO DE CANDIDA ALBICANS
Authors: Savani Elisa Castellani , Salvi Carolina Pasquini Praxedes , Melo Adriana de , Salvi Júnior Ademir 
Published: October 2021

As leveduras do gênero Candida têm grande importância pela alta frequência com que colonizam e infectam o hospedeiro humano, sendo a espécie C. albicans a mais comum. A busca por produtos naturais que apresentem uma ação antifúngica eficiente frente a microrganismos se mostra uma alternativa para o controle de infecções. O óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (Myrtaceae) possui comprovada ação antimicrobiana contra bactérias e fungos, e tem sido apontado como uma opção para o tratamento de infecções fúngicas causadas pelo gênero Candida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a atividade antifúngica, em diferentes concentrações, do óleo essencial comercial de M. alternifolia contra cepa de isolado clínico da espécie C. albicans. Para a avaliação da atividade antifúngica foram utilizadas concentrações de 5 a 100% do óleo essencial puro de M. alternifólia em testes de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos por discodifusão, segundo norma estabelecida pelo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, com modificações. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o óleo essencial apresentou atividade, inibindo o crescimento do microrganismo, com a formação de halo de inibição a partir da concentração de 25%, com variação dos halos de 3 a 17 mm. Dessa forma, pode-se dizer que a cepa do isolado clínico avaliada apresentou sensibilidade ao óleo essencial de M. alternifolia, o que demonstra potencial antimicrobiano do óleo estudado, despertando grande interesse farmacêutico.
Sex‐dependent acrolein sensitivity in mice is associated with differential lung cell, protein, and transcript changes
Authors: Bein Kiflai , Birru Rahel L. , Wells Heather , Larkin Theodore P. , Ge Tengziyi , Leikauf George D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcrolein is a reactive inhalation hazard. Acrolein’s initial interaction, which in itself can be function‐altering, is followed by time‐dependent cascade of complex cellular and pulmonary responses that dictate the severity of the injury. To investigate the pathophysiological progression of sex‐dependent acrolein‐induced acute lung injury, C57BL/6J mice were exposed for 30 min to sublethal, but toxic, and lethal acrolein. Male mice were more sensitive than female mice. Acrolein of 50 ppm was sublethal to female but lethal to male mice, and 75 ppm was lethal to female mice. Lethal and sublethal acrolein exposure decreased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) total cell number at 3 h after exposure. The cell number decrease was followed by progressive total cell and neutrophil number and protein increases. The BAL total cell number in female mice exposed to a sublethal, but not lethal dose, returned to control levels at 16 h. In contrast, BAL protein content and neutrophil number were higher in mice exposed to lethal compared to sublethal acrolein. RNASeq pathway analysis identified greater increased lung neutrophil, glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress responses, and CCL7 (aka MCP‐3), CXCL10 (aka IP‐10), and IL6 transcripts in males than females, whereas IL10 increased more in female than male mice. Thus, the IL6:IL10 ratio, an indicator of disease severity, was greater in males than females. Further, H3.3 histone B (H3F3B) and pro‐platelet basic protein (PPBP aka CXCL7), transcripts increased in acrolein exposed mouse BAL and plasma at 3 h, while H3F3B protein that is associated with neutrophil extracellular traps formation increased at 12 h. These results suggest that H3F3B and PPBP transcripts increase may contribute to extracellular H3F3B and PPBP proteins increase.
Impact of the operation of LNG trucks on the environment
Authors: Gnap Jozef , Dočkalik Marek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The significance and importance of road freight transport in society are certainly unquestionable. As in most sectors of the economy, road freight transport has an impact on the environment. The EU seeks to eliminate, as far as possible, the negative environmental impacts of various sectors. For these reasons, several EU commitments have been made in the future to reduce emissions so that road haulage vehicles are also more environmentally friendly. Trucks that use alternative fuels, such as natural gas, are already in use today. The EU attaches importance to reducing CO2 production, and this contribution also pays particular attention to the production of CO2 vehicles using liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel compared to vehicles using standard diesel. The results show that when operating vehicles using LNG, it is possible to achieve lower CO2 production and at the same time lower vehicle noise, which is an advantage when operating vehicles in cities.
Life sciences and mass spectrometry: some personal reflections
Authors: Peter-Katalinic Jasna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Molecular analysis of biological systems by mass spectrometry was in focus of technological developments in the second half of the 20th century, in which the issues of chemical identification of high molecular diversity by biophysical instrumental methods appeared as a mission impossible. By developing dialogs between researchers dealing with life sciences and medicine on one side and technology developers on the other, new horizons toward deciphering, identifying and quantifying of complex systems became a reality. Contributions toward this goal can be today considered as pioneering efforts delivered by a number of researchers, including generations of motivated students and associates.
Solvability of a nonlinear three-dimensional system of difference equations with constant coefficients
Authors: Kara Merve , Yazlik Yasin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we show that the following three-dimensional system of difference equations

x

n
+
1

=

y

n

x

n
−
2

a

x

n
−
2

+
b

z

n
−
1

,

y

n
+
1

=

z

n

y

n
−
2

c

y

n
−
2

+
d

x

n
−
1

,

z

n
+
1

=

x

n

z

n
−
2

e

z

n
−
2

+
f

y

n
−
1

,

n
∈

N

0

,

$$\begin{equation*}x_{n+1}=\frac{y_{n}x_{n-2}}{ax_{n-2}+bz_{n-1}}, \quad y_{n+1}=\frac{z_{n}y_{n-2}}{cy_{n-2}+dx_{n-1}}, \quad z_{n+1}=\frac{x_{n}z_{n-2}}{ez_{n-2}+fy_{n-1}}, \quad n\in \mathbb{N}_{0},\end{equation*}$$

where the parameters a, b, c, d, e, f and the initial values x
−i
, y
−i
, z
−i
, i ∈ {0, 1, 2}, are complex numbers, can be solved, extending further some results in the literature. Also, we determine the forbidden set of the initial values by using the obtained formulas. Finally, an application concerning a three-dimensional system of difference equations are given.
On the homological and algebraical properties of some Feichtinger algebras
Authors: Rejali Ali , Sabzali Navid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Let G be a locally compact group (not necessarily abelian) and B be a homogeneous Banach space on G, which is in a good situation with respect to a homogeneous function algebra on G. Feichtinger showed that there exists a minimal Banach space B
min in the family of all homogenous Banach spaces C on G, containing all elements of B with compact support. In this paper, the amenability and super amenability of B
min with respect to the convolution product or with respect to the pointwise product are showed to correspond to amenability, discreteness or finiteness of the group G and conversely. We also prove among other things that B
min is a symmetric Segal subalgebra of L
1(G) on an IN-group G, under certain conditions, and we apply our results to study pseudo-amenability and some other homological properties of B
min on IN-groups. Furthermore, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions on A under which

A

min

$\mathcal{A}_{\min}$

with the pointwise product is an abstract Segal algebra or Segal algebra in A, whenever A is a homogeneous function algebra with an approximate identity. We apply these results to study amenability of some Feichtinger algebras with respect to the pointwise product.
Resonance-forbidden second-harmonic generation in nonlinear photonic crystals
Authors: Jin Jicheng , Lu Jian , Zhen Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSecond harmonic generation through nonlinear nano-photonic structures is important in both classical and quantum applications. It is commonly expected that the second harmonic frequency can always be generated as long as appropriate quadratic nonlinearity is provided by the material and the phase-matching condition is satisfied. Here, we present an anomaly to this common wisdom by showing that second-harmonic dipoles generated in a nonlinear photonic crystal slab can be completely nonradiative. As a result, no energy is transferred from the fundamental frequency to the second harmonic even when the phase-matching condition is satisfied – a phenomenon we call “resonance-forbidden second-harmonic generation”. Through numerical simulation, we identify two mechanisms that can achieve this phenomenon: symmetry protection and parameter tuning. The finite-size effect and the topological origin of this phenomenon are also discussed.
A regularized isothermal phase-field model of two-phase solid–fluid mixture and its spatial dissipative discretization equations
Authors: Balashov Vladislav 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present paper is devoted to a model describing a two-phase isothermal mixture, in which one of the phases obeys solid-like (namely, elastic) rheology. A fully Eulerian description is considered. To describe the stress–strain behaviour of the solid phase the elastic energy term is added to the Helmholtz free energy. The term depends on Almansi strain tensor. In its turn, the strain tensor is defined as the solution of the corresponding evolutionary equation. Considered model belongs to the phase field family. Formally it describes two-component mixture and uses mass densities of the components as order parameters. A distinctive feature of the considered model is its preliminary regularization according to the quasi-hydrodynamic framework. The dissipativity in total energy is proved when periodic boundary conditions are imposed. A spatial dissipative semi-discrete (continuous in time and discrete in space) scheme based on staggered grids is suggested. The theoretical results remain valid in the absence of the regularization. The results of a numerical study in a 2D setting are presented.
New correlative randomized algorithms for statistical modelling of radiation transfer in stochastic medium
Authors: Mikhailov Guennady A. , Medvedev Ilia N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Correlative randomized algorithms are constructed by simple randomization of the algorithm of maximum cross-section (equalization, delta tracking) with the use of a one-dimensional distribution and the correlation function or only correlation length of a random medium. The value of the used correlation length can be adjusted using simple test studies. The calculations carried out confirmed the practical effectiveness of the new algorithms.
Die ‚Freirechtler‘ als Intellektuellengruppe betrachtet
Authors: Boehncke Clemens 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie sogenannten ‚Freirechtler‘ spielen eine entscheidende Rolle während des Aufeinandertreffens von Soziologie und Jurisprudenz Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass sie charakteristische Strukturmerkmale einer Intellektuellengruppe aufweisen, wie sie idealtypisch von Jürgen Frese und Wolfgang Eßbach entworfen wurden. Konzentriert wird sich hierbei auf den überindividuellen Zusammenhang zwischen Hermann Kantorowicz, Gustav Radbruch, Theodor Sternberg, Ernst Fuchs und Eugen Ehrlich in den Jahren zwischen 1903 und 1914. Zunächst werden die sozialen Wandlungsprozesse insbesondere innerhalb von Rechtsleben und Rechtswissenschaft um 1900 geschildert, die den ‚Nährboden‘ dieser Art von (Intellektuellen-)Gruppenbildung darstellen. Daran anschließend werden drei typische innere Merkmale geschildert: Man argumentierte aus einer (verschiedentlich bedingten) marginalisierten Position innerhalb der Rechtswissenschaft heraus; man bediente sich zur Selbstinszenierung einer Grammatik, mit der man sich selbst in den Zusammenhang mit der häretischen Linie des Christentums stellte; man hatte durch ein gemeinsames Treffen in Heidelberg im Jahr 1910 als Gruppe ein ‚Pfingsterlebnis‘. Zugleich scheiterten alle Versuche, den Gruppenzusammenhang zu institutionalisieren.