bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing an internet‐based intervention for improving wellbeing in people with acquired vision loss: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Somani Nurbanu , Beukes Eldre , Latham Keziah , Andersson Gerhard , Allen Peter M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeVision impairment (VI) may impact a person’s functional ability resulting in a loss of independence, anxiety, depression, social isolation and reduced quality of life. Caregivers also experience similar problems due to the increased burden placed on them. Support to address these difficulties encountered by those with VI and their caregivers may not always be accessible. An internet‐based intervention may provide more accessible support. The aim of this study was to obtain consensus regarding the content and accessibility features required to design an internet‐based intervention to promote wellbeing for people with VI and their caregivers.MethodA three‐round Delphi review was conducted with a panel of 30 stakeholders. Three stakeholder groups were included, namely individuals with vision loss, experts in the field of vision loss and mental health and carers of individuals with vision loss. Conceptual wellbeing ideas were examined in round 1, the intervention modules and module content were proposed in round 2 and refined in round 3.ResultsConsensus of 75% or more was reached to include 18 modules into the intervention. These were divided into seven sections: understanding vision loss, emotional wellbeing, functional wellbeing, social wellbeing, physical wellbeing, wellbeing for carers and maintaining wellbeing. The accessibility features deemed most important were font size, colour and contrast options, compatibility with low vision aids and layout of the intervention.ConclusionsThe Delphi process positively informed the design of an internet‐based intervention for individuals with acquired VI and their caregivers. Suggestions provided by stakeholders should now be incorporated into the intervention. Future evaluation of efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of such an intervention are necessary.
Telltale termination of an A‐on‐V tachycardia with two blocked atrial activations: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Deveci Bulent , Kara Meryem , Sertdemir Ahmet Lutfu , Bastug Serdal , Korkmaz Ahmet , Ozeke Ozcan , Cay Serkan , Ozcan Firat , Topaloglu Serkan , Aras Dursun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe termination of tachycardia may provide important clues toward the mechanism of the tachycardia and that close vigilance may clinch the diagnosis before proceeding to other pacing maneuvers.
The Federal Reserve Municipal Liquidity Facility (MLF): Where the municipal securities market and fed finally meet
Authors: Johnson Craig L. , Moldogaziev Tima T. , Luby Martin J. , Winecoff Ruth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe CARES Act authorized the Municipal Liquidity Facility (MLF) with an explicit purpose of aiding state and local governments with their liquidity needs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Unlike other federal liquidity facilities authorized by the Act that offered short‐term financing to certain dealers and institutional investors in municipal securities, the MLF offered direct access to liquidity to eligible state and local governments. In this article we describe the MLF, including its legal arrangements, structural characteristics, and public policy features. We then empirically evaluate the pricing, credit rating, and issuer eligibility requirements of the MLF, in the context of other federal interventions, using difference‐in‐differences and interrupted time series analysis techniques. Finally, we propose suggestions for the evolution of the MLF and the Federal Reserve's liquidity provision role in response to continued exposure to and recovery from the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Phytochelatin and coumarin enrichment in root exudates of arsenic‐treated white lupin
Authors: Frémont Adrien , Sas Eszter , Sarrazin Mathieu , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Brisson Jacques , Pitre Frédéric Emmanuel , Brereton Nicholas James Beresford 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoil contamination with toxic metalloids, such as arsenic, can represent a substantial human health and environmental risk. Some plants are thought to tolerate soil toxicity using root exudation, however, the nature of this response to arsenic remains largely unknown. Here, white lupin plants were exposed to arsenic in a semi‐hydroponic system and their exudates were profiled using untargeted liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Arsenic concentrations up to 1 ppm were tolerated and led to the accumulation of 12.9 μg As g−1 dry weight (DW) and 411 μg As g−1 DW in above‐ground and belowground tissues, respectively. From 193 exuded metabolites, 34 were significantly differentially abundant due to 1 ppm arsenic, including depletion of glutathione disulphide and enrichment of phytochelatins and coumarins. Significant enrichment of phytochelatins in exudates of arsenic‐treated plants was further confirmed using exudate sampling with strict root exclusion. The chemical tolerance toolkit in white lupin included nutrient acquisition metabolites as well as phytochelatins, the major intracellular metal‐binding detoxification oligopeptides which have not been previously reported as having an extracellular role. These findings highlight the value of untargeted metabolite profiling approaches to reveal the unexpected and inform strategies to mitigate anthropogenic pollution in soils around the world.
CGFS‐type glutaredoxin mutations reduce tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in tomato
Authors: Kakeshpour Tayebeh , Tamang Tej Man , Motolai Gergely , Fleming Zachary Wayne , Park Jung‐Eun , Wu Qingyu , Park Sunghun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSessile organisms such as plants have adopted diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms to mitigate damage under abiotic stress conditions. Though CGFS‐type glutaredoxin (GRX) genes are important regulators of ROS homeostasis, each of their functions in crop plants have not yet been well understood. We performed a targeted mutagenesis analysis of four CGFS‐type GRXs (SlGRXS14, SlGRXS15, SlGRXS16, and SlGRXS17) in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) using a multiplex clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system and found that Slgrxs mutants were more sensitive to various abiotic stresses compared with the wild‐type tomatoes. Slgrxs15 mutants were embryonic lethal. Single, double, and triple combinations of Slgrxs14, 16, and 17 mutants were examined under heat, chilling, drought, heavy metal toxicity, nutrient deficiency, and short photoperiod stresses. Slgrxs14 and 17 mutants showed hypersensitivity to almost all stresses while Slgrxs16 mutants were affected by chilling stress and showed milder sensitivity to other stresses. Additionally, Slgrxs14 and 17 mutants showed delayed flowering time. Our results indicate that the CGFS‐type SlGRXs have specific roles against abiotic stresses, providing valuable resources to develop tomato and, possibly, other crop species that are tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses by genetic engineering.
Children on chronic hemodialysis before the first year of age in Brazil: A 3‐year survival analysis
Authors: Roizenblatt Arnaldo , Henriques Cristina , Carvalho Maria Fernanda , Takihi Fabio Akio , Koch Nogueira Paulo C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction: The limited data on survival rates of small children undergoing hemodialysis preclude comparison with other countries. The goal of this study was to determine the mortality rate and its risk factors in children starting hemodialysis during their first year of life. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, based on data from a reference dialysis center in São Paulo city. Data from 47 (8 females) children who underwent chronic hemodialysis before the first year of age were analyzed. Survival was characterized using Kaplan–Meier methods and log‐rank tests, followed by a multivariable Cox regression model. Results: The survival rates were 93%, 75%, and 64% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Only cardiovascular comorbidity was significantly associated with the mortality outcome (HR = 5.7, 95% CI = 1.7–19.6, p = 0.006). Conclusion: The survival rate among children who started hemodialysis in their first year of life was reasonable, similar to international standards.
Guided tissue regeneration techniques involving blood-derived products in periradicular surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Baniulyte Gabriele , Ali Kamran , Burns Lorna 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of standard periradicular surgery versus periradicular surgery with the use of guided tissue regeneration techniques involving blood-derived products in patients undergoing periradicular surgery.

Introduction:
Guided tissue regeneration techniques have been available in dentistry for decades. Primarily used during periodontal surgery and implant placement, their usefulness in periapical surgery has been garnering increased attention. According to current available evidence, guided tissue regeneration can improve clinical patient outcomes. No systematic reviews have been carried out to investigate guided tissue regeneration techniques involving blood-derived products in periradicular surgery.

Inclusion criteria:
Randomized controlled trials that investigate the outcomes of guided tissue regeneration techniques involving blood-derived products versus standard periradicular surgery technique, will be included for review. Studies will be excluded if they contain patients who have previously undergone periradicular surgery or the treatment was carried out on unrestorable teeth (ie, due to periodontal disease or root fractures).

Methods:
The databases MEDLINE, Embase, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and Cochrane CENTRAL will be used to locate published reports of studies. Reference lists of relevant past systematic reviews will be used to identify further studies. Unpublished studies will be sought using international trials registries and repositories. Two reviewers will carry out independent screening of records for inclusion and the selected studies will be critically appraised prior to data extraction and synthesis. Meta-analysis will be performed if appropriate.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020222663
Extracellular miRNAs as mediators of obesity‐associated disease
Authors: Brandao Bruna Brasil , Lino Marsel , Kahn C. Ronald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtracellular miRNAs are found in a variety of body fluids and mediate intercellular and interorgan communication, thus regulating gene expression and cellular metabolism. These miRNAs are secreted either in small vesicles/exosomes (sEV) or bound to proteins such as Argonaute and high‐density lipoprotein. Both exosomal and protein‐bound circulating miRNAs are altered in obesity. Although all tissues can contribute to changes in circulating miRNAs, adipose tissue itself is an important source of these miRNAs, especially those in sEVs. These are derived from both adipocytes and macrophages and participate in crosstalk between these cells, as well as peripheral tissues, including liver, skeletal muscle and pancreas, whose function may be impaired in obesity. Changes in levels of circulating miRNAs have also been linked to the beneficial effects induced by weight loss interventions, including diet, exercise and bariatric surgery, further indicating a role for these miRNAs as mediators of disease pathogenesis. Here, we review the role of circulating miRNAs in the pathophysiology of obesity and explore their potential use as biomarkers and in therapy of obesity‐associated metabolic syndrome.
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Warm Start Method for Solving Chance Constrained Optimal Control Problems Using Biased Kernel Density Estimators
Authors: Keil Rachel E. , Kumar Mrinal , Rao Anil V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A warm start method is developed for efficiently solving complex chance constrained optimal control problems using biased kernel density estimators and Legendre–Gauss–Radau collocation. To address the computational challenges, the warm start method improves both the starting point for the chance constrained optimal control problem, as well as the efficiency of cycling through mesh refinement iterations. The improvement is accomplished by tuning a parameter of the kernel density estimator, as well as implementing a kernel switch as part of the solution process. Additionally, the number of samples for the biased kernel density estimator is set to incrementally increase through a series of mesh refinement iterations. Thus, the warm start method is a combination of tuning a parameter, a kernel switch, and an incremental increase in sample size. This warm start method is successfully applied to solve two challenging chance constrained optimal control problems in a computationally efficient manner using biased kernel density estimators and Legendre–Gauss–Radau collocation.
Bidirectional Impulse Turbine With Spiral Flow Collector for Tidal Energy Conversion
Authors: Sakaguchi Masaki , Kinoue Yoichi , Hirayama Koki , Murakami Tengen , Shiomi Norimasa , Imai Yasutaka , Nagata Shuichi , Takao Manabu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to make use of ocean renewable energy, a combination system of a bidirectional impulse turbine and a bidirectional flow collector for tidal current energy conversion is investigated in this paper. It is the advantage that this turbine system does not need an operation of orientation change according to the reversal of regular tidal orientation when fixed on the seabed. The experimental investigations by using both a circulating water tank and a towing tank showed that the turbine power output could be increased by adopting the flow collector proposed in this study. Then the flow collector with a fixed spiral vane named spiral flow collector was investigated by both a circulating water tank test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The experimental result of the spiral flow collector showed that the performance improvement was found on the increase of axial velocity in the turbine which contributed to the increase of the turbine power output. The results of CFD analysis showed that 180 deg of the skew angle of the fixed spiral vane was suitable in view of the angular moment at the turbine inlet in this case.
SuperMeshing: A New Deep Learning Architecture for Increasing the Mesh Density of Physical Fields in Metal Forming Numerical Simulation
Authors: Xu Qingfeng , Nie Zhenguo , Xu Handing , Zhou Haosu , Attar Hamid Reza , Li Nan , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn metal forming physical field analysis, finite element method (FEM) is a crucial tool, in which the mesh-density has a significant impact on the results. High mesh density usually contributes authentic to an increase in accuracy of the simulation results but costs more computing resources. To eliminate this drawback, we propose a data-driven mesh-density boosting model named SuperMeshingNet that uses low mesh-density physical field as inputs, to acquire high-density physical field with 2D structured grids instantaneously, shortening computing time and cost automatically. Moreover, the Res-UNet architecture and attention mechanism are utilized, enhancing the performance of SuperMeshingNet. Compared with the baseline that applied the linear interpolation method, SuperMeshingNet achieves a prominent reduction in the mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) on the test data. The well-trained model can successfully show an improved performance than the baseline models on the multiple scaled mesh-density, including 2 ×, 4 ×, and 8 ×. Enhanced by SuperMeshingNet with broaden scaling of mesh density and high precision output, FEM can be accelerated with seldom computational time and cost with little accuracy sacrificed.
Mistuning and Damping of a Radial Turbine Wheel. Part 1: Fundamental Analyses and Design of Intentional Mistuning Pattern
Authors: Nakos Alex , Beirow Bernd , Zobel Arthur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The radial turbine impeller of an exhaust turbocharger is analyzed in view of both free vibration and forced response. Due to random blade mistuning resulting from unavoidable inaccuracies in manufacture or material inhomogeneities, localized modes of vibration may arise, which involve the risk of severely magnified blade displacements and inadmissibly high-stress levels compared to the tuned counterpart. Contrary, the use of intentional mistuning (IM) has proved to be an efficient measure to mitigate the forced response. Independently, the presence of aerodynamic damping is significant with respect to limit the forced response since structural damping ratios of integrally bladed rotors typically take extremely low values. Hence, detailed knowledge of respective damping ratios would be desirable while developing a robust rotor design. For this, far-reaching experimental investigations are carried out to determine the damping of a comparative wheel within a wide pressure range by simulating operation conditions in a pressure tank. Reduced-order models are built up for designing suitable intentional mistuning patterns by using the subset of nominal system modes approach introduced by Yang and Griffin (2001, “A Reduced-Order Model of Mistuning Using a Subset of Nominal System Modes,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 123(4), pp. 893–900), which conveniently allows for accounting both differing mistuning patterns and the impact of aeroelastic interaction by means of aerodynamic influence coefficients. Further, finite element analyses are carried out in order to identify appropriate measures of how to implement intentional mistuning patterns, which are featuring only two different blade designs. In detail, the impact of specific geometric modifications on blade natural frequencies is investigated. The first part of this three-part paper is focused on designing the IM pattern. The second and third part following, later on, will address the topics (i) experimental validation after implementation of the IM pattern at rest and under rotation, and (ii) the development of an approach for fast estimating damping ratios in the design phase.
Accelerated Creep Test Qualification of Creep-Resistance Using the Wilshire–Cano–Stewart Constitutive Model and Stepped Isostress Method
Authors: Cano Jaime A. , Stewart Calvin M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, a qualification of accelerated creep-resistance of Inconel 718 is assessed using the novel Wilshire–Cano–Stewart (WCS) model and the stepped isostress method (SSM) and predictions are made to conventional creep data. Conventional creep testing is a long-term continuous process; in fact, the ASME B&PV III requires that 10,000+ h of experiments must be conducted to each heat for materials employed in boilers and/or pressure vessel components. This process is costly and not feasible for rapid development of new materials. As an alternative, accelerated creep testing techniques have been developed to reduce the time needed to characterize the creep resistance of materials. Most techniques are based upon the time-temperature-stress superposition principle that predicts minimum-creep-strain-rate (MCSR) and stress-rupture behaviors but lack the ability to predict creep deformation and consider deformation mechanisms that occur for experiments of longer duration. The SSM has been developed, which enables the prediction of creep deformation response as well as reduce the time needed for qualification of materials. The SSM approach has been successful for polymer, polymeric composites, and recently has been introduced for metals. In this study, the WCS constitutive model, calibrated to SSM test data, qualifies the creep resistance of Inconel 718 at 750 °C and predictions are compared to conventional creep testing data. The WCS model has proven to make long-term predictions for stress-rupture, MCSR, creep deformation, and damage in metallic materials. The SSM varies stress levels after time interval adding damage to the material, which can be tracked by the WCS model. The SSM data is calibrated into the model and the WCS model generates realistic predictions of stress-rupture, MSCR, damage, and creep deformation. The calibrated material constants are used to generate predictions of stress-rupture and are postaudit validated using the National Institute of Material Science database. Similarly, the MCSR predictions are compared from previous studies. Finally, the creep deformation predictions are compared with real data and is determined that the results are well in between the expected boundaries. Material characterization and mechanical properties can be determined at a faster rate and with a more cost-effective method. This is beneficial for multiple applications such as in additive manufacturing, composites, spacecraft, and industrial gas turbines.
Forecasting of Fouling in Air Pre-Heaters Through Deep Learning
Authors: Gupta Ashit , Jadhav Vishal , Patil Mukul , Deodhar Anirudh , Runkana Venkataramana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Thermal power plants employ regenerative type air pre-heaters (APH) for recovering heat from the boiler flue gases. APH fouling occurs due to deposition of ash particles and products formed by reactions between leaked ammonia from the upstream selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit and sulphur oxides (SOx) present in the flue gases. Fouling is strongly influenced by concentrations of ammonia and sulphur oxide as well as the flue gas temperature within APH. It increases the differential pressure across APH over time, ultimately leading to forced outages. Owing to lack of sensors within APH and the complex thermo-chemical phenomena, fouling is quite unpredictable.
We present a deep learning based model for forecasting the gas differential pressure across the APH using the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The model is trained and tested with data generated by a plant model, validated against an industrial scale APH. The model forecasts the gas differential pressure across APH within an accuracy band of 5–10% up to 3 months in advance, as a function of operating conditions. We also propose a digital twin of APH that can provide real-time insights into progression of fouling and preempt the forced outages.
Effect of Fin Orientation on PCM Melting in a Spherical Enclosure for Latent Heat Storage
Authors: Sharma Akhalesh , Kothari Rohit , Kumar Anuj , Sahu Santosh Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present work is focused on numerical investigation of melting of Phase change material (PCM) filled in a spherical capsule integrated with a metallic fin. n-octadecane having melting temperature of 28° C is selected as PCM and aluminum is considered as fin material. The effect of fin orientation on PCM melting in a spherical enclosure is analyzed considering constrained melting conditions. The orientation angle of the fin is varied from 0–30° in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. The computational model is considered as two dimensional axisymmetric with laminar flow condition. To ascertain the validity of our numerical methodology present computational model is validated with the test results available in the literature and are found to be in good agreement. The numerical result reveals that employing fin at the center of the capsule (θ = 0°) decreases the melting time and increases the heat transfer performance of the system.