bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐5.4: Analysis of Low Power Consumption Design of LCD in Circuits and Signal Transmission
Authors: Wang Lin , Xu Yang , Huang Lei , Liu Xuan , Yao Jiajun , Chen Xin 
Published: February 2021

Liquid crystal display (LCD) is widely used in notebook computers, TVs, and PC monitors. Its performance, including panel contrast, panel refresh rate, and panel resolution, has made great breakthroughs in recent years. In the context of continuously improving functions, the power consumption of LCD is gradually increasing, especially the LCD that need to be applied to portable devices, which need to maintain superior performance while maximizing working endurance.A current low power consumption determination method is that the power consumption is less than 1w when the panel brightness is 150nit, the refresh rate is 48Hz, and the transmission mode is eDP1.3 or higher. We have produced a 13.3‐inch LCD with a backlight power consumption of 621mW and a panel logic power consumption of 372mW totaling 0.996W, which meets this requirement.This article analyzes the circuit and signal transmission, mainly exploring the limit setting of IC in LCD, the high‐efficiency design method of LED Driver IC under the condition of lower current load, and the communication method between Tcon IC and Source Driver IC. Perform targeted optimization at the circuit design to achieve the purpose of reducing LCD power consumption.
Oxamates as 1,2‐Diketone Equivalents: The Effect of Fluorine
Authors: Köhling Jonas , Kalinovich Nataliya , Pajkert Romana , Tverdomed Sergey N. , Lork Enno , Wagner Veit , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxamates as building blocks play an important role in organic and bioorganic chemistry as well as in coordination chemistry and material sciences. In this paper, we present new fluorinated derivatives, which are synthesized from selected fluorinated primary amines RFNH2 (RF=CH2CF3, CH2CHF2, CH2CF2CH3, CH(CF3)2, CH(CH3)CF3) or their hydrochlorides and ethyl oxalylchloride. Since oxamates can be considered as 1,2 diketones, we investigated their properties, geometries, effective charges at oxygen and nitrogen and the pKa values for the N−H grouping. In two cases, the molecular structures have been measured by XRD, observing almost planar arrangement of C2−N1−C3−C4 atoms. The effect of fluorine is discussed and compared with non‐fluorinated oxamates. The effective charges can be controlled by various alkyl substituents at nitrogen (branched or straight, fluorinated or non‐fluorinated) and could open a new field, especially when fluorinated, for multiple applications in material sciences (surfaces) and biochemical systems (enzymes).
Boundary element methods for acoustic scattering by fractal screens
Authors: Chandler-Wilde Simon N. , Hewett David P. , Moiola Andrea , Besson Jeanne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study boundary element methods for time-harmonic scattering in$${\mathbb {R}}^n$$Rn($$n=2,3$$n=2,3) by a fractal planar screen, assumed to be a non-empty bounded subset$$\Gamma $$Γof the hyperplane$$\Gamma _\infty ={\mathbb {R}}^{n-1}\times \{0\}$$Γ∞=Rn-1×{0}. We consider two distinct cases: (i)$$\Gamma $$Γis a relatively open subset of$$\Gamma _\infty $$Γ∞with fractal boundary (e.g. the interior of the Koch snowflake in the case$$n=3$$n=3); (ii)$$\Gamma $$Γis a compact fractal subset of$$\Gamma _\infty $$Γ∞with empty interior (e.g. the Sierpinski triangle in the case$$n=3$$n=3). In both cases our numerical simulation strategy involves approximating the fractal screen$$\Gamma $$Γby a sequence of smoother “prefractal” screens, for which we compute the scattered field using boundary element methods that discretise the associated first kind boundary integral equations. We prove sufficient conditions on the mesh sizes guaranteeing convergence to the limiting fractal solution, using the framework of Mosco convergence. We also provide numerical examples illustrating our theoretical results.
Radical innovation and its regional impact—a roadmap for future research
Authors: Audretsch David , Fornahl Dirk , Klarl Torben 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to introduce the special issue of Small Business Economics on “Radical Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and (Regional) Growth” and present a roadmap for future research in the area. This article argues that the link between the literature on radical innovation, entrepreneurship, and (regional) growth is still an underresearched topic. This paper also reviews the special issue’s contributions that allow for a more nuanced understanding of this important link.
Special Issue: Phonological and phonetic variation in spoken morphology
Authors: van de Vijver Ruben , Tomaschek Fabian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, more and more evidence is accumulating that there is a great deal of variation as a result of morphological complexity, both at the level of phonology and at the level of phonetics. Such findings challenge established linguistic models in which morphological information is lost in comprehension or production. The present Special Issue presents five studies that investigate the phenomenon in more detail, centered around the following questions: How do morphological relations affect articulatory and phonological properties of complex words? How do articulatory and phonological properties of complex words reflect their morphological relations? What do these two questions imply about theories that address morphological relatedness at the level of sounds?
Applications of the Bielecki renorming technique
Authors: Bessenyei Mihály , Páles Zsolt 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe renorming technique allows one to apply the Banach Contraction Principle for maps which are not contractions with respect to the original metric. This method was invented by Bielecki and manifested in an extremely elegant proof of the Global Existence and Uniqueness Theorem for ODEs. The present paper provides further extensions and applications of Bielecki’s method to problems stemming from functional analysis and from the theory of functional equations.
SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (2020)
Authors: González del Alba A. , Méndez-Vidal M. J. , Vazquez S. , Castro E. , Climent M. A. , Gallardo E. , Gonzalez-Billalabeitia E. , Lorente D. , Maroto J. P. , Arranz J. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe treatment of advanced prostate cancer has evolved due to recent advances in molecular research and new drug development. Dynamic aberrations in the androgen receptor, DNA repair genes, PTEN-PI3K, and other pathways drive the behavior of advanced prostate cancer allowing a better selection of therapies in each patient. Tumor testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 is recommended for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, also considering a broad panel to guide decisions and genetic counseling. In symptomatic metastatic patients, castration should be stared to palliate symptoms and prolong survival. In high-risk or high-volume metastatic hormone-naïve patients, castration should be combined with docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide or apalutamide. Radiotherapy to the primary tumor combined with systemic therapy is recommended in low-volume mHNPC patients. In patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant tumors, risk stratification can define the frequency of imaging. Adding enzalutamide, darolutamide or apalutamide to these patients prolongs metastasis-free and overall survival, but potential adverse events need to be taken into consideration. The choice of docetaxel, abiraterone or enzalutamide for treating metastatic castration-resistant patients depends on previous therapies, with cabazitaxel being also recommended after docetaxel. Olaparib is recommended in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutated castration-resistant patients after progression on at least one new hormonal therapy. Aggressive variants of prostate cancer respond to platinum-based chemotherapy. To optimize treatment efficiency, oncologists should incorporate all of these advances into an overall therapeutic strategy.
Writing Competences in Norwegian Vocational Education and Training: - How Students and Apprentices Express their Professional Competences
Authors: Hellne-Halvorsen Ellen Beate , Lahn Leif Christian , Nore Hæge 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the writing competence of Norwegian students and apprentices in three professions: Healthcare, industrial mechanics and electricians. The research forms part of a large-scale assessment project in vocational education and training (VET). A subset of 108 written test-answers were subjected to an explorative analysis focusing on generic and professional writing competencies. A more text-based and trans-contextual working life for many professions requires not only profession-specific communicative competency, but also a stronger engagement in generic literacy practices. The need for written communication with customers, clients and colleagues across workplaces and countries has increased and the use of understandable language when communicating with non-peers is required. In the study, we found that the generic writing competency declined during apprenticeship, but on the other hand that the use of professional-specific terminology increased. We also found that writing competence seemed to be contextualized according to different traditions, text cultures and discourses across the three professions. The article questions the prevalence of text-based examinations in VET and analytical categories for measuring writing competence that do not take into account a multimodal character of professional communication.
Zur gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz von einmaligen Vermögensabgaben
Authors: Loretz Simon , Stadelmann David 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Bewältigung der COVID-19 Krise verursacht erhebliche fiskalische Kosten. Um diese Budgetdefizite zu schließen, werden mitunter auch in Deutschland einmalige Steuern auf größere Vermögen gefordert. Vergangene Erfahrungen mit einmaligen Vermögensabgaben beziehen sich oft auf außergewöhnliche Nach-Kriegssituationen. Die finanziellen und gesellschaftlichen Ergebnisse solcher Abgaben waren bestenfalls gemischt. Über die breite, gesellschaftliche und politische Akzeptanz von einmaligen Vermögensabgaben ist wenig bekannt. Wir betrachten den einzigartigen, historischen Fall einer Volksabstimmung zu einer einmaligen Vermögensabgabe. Die überwältigende Ablehnung einer hohen einmaligen Vermögensabgabe in einem demokratischen Land legt nahe, dass die Bevölkerung von den Argumenten der Gegner, allen voran die Unmöglichkeit ihre Einmaligkeit zu garantieren, überzeugt wurden.
Grundsätzlich bereit, aber doch nicht dabei – Eine Analyse der Mitarbeitsbereitschaft in Parteien anhand des Civic Voluntarism Models
Authors: Borucki Isabelle , Masch Lena , Jakobs Simon 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungWer sind die Menschen, die sich eine Parteimitgliedschaft vorstellen können, aber nicht beitreten? Mit den Datensätzen der Allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS) der Jahre 2008 und 2018 liegen nunmehr größere, öffentliche und vor allem repräsentative Studien vor, die den Willen zu einer Parteiaktivität ermitteln. Mithilfe dieser Daten wird analysiert, inwieweit sozio-demografische Ressourcen, Motivation, Selbstwirksamkeit und die Einbindung in soziale Netzwerke mit dem Willen, aktiv in Parteien mitzuarbeiten, zusammenhängen. Logistische Regressionsmodelle zeigen nur einen geringen Einfluss soziodemographischer Faktoren. Allerdings sind politische Einstellungen wie beispielsweise das Vertrauen in Parteien relevant. Dies gilt vor allem für die ostdeutschen Bundesländer. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Civic Voluntarism Model neben einer Vielzahl von Beteiligungsformen auch – zumindest teilweise – dazu geeignet ist, eine beabsichtigte Parteiaktivität zu erklären.
Colorimetric Determination of Chloridion in Domestic Water Based on the Wavelength Shift of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals via Halide Exchange
Authors: Huang Guo-Bin , Guo Zhi-Yong , Ye Ting-Xiu , Zhang Chen , Zhou Yan-Mei , Yao Qiu-Hong , Chen Xi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCubic phase CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) was prepared by a high-temperature hot-injection method. The high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of as-prepared CsPbBr3 PNCs was 87%, which can be used for the determination of chloridion in domestic water samples based on their wavelength-shift characteristics via halide exchange. The proposal approach for the determination of chloridion reveals a linear correlation ranged from 10 to 200 μM of the chloridion concentration and the wavelength shift of CsPbBr3 PNCs with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9956. The as-mentioned method reveals neglectable responses towards those co-existing ions in the water aside from chloridion, due to the quick exchange between Cl and Br and the outstanding color change caused by wavelength shift. The strategy has been applied to the determination of chloridion in water samples with the recoveries of 98.9–104.2% and the limit of detection (LOD) of 4 μM. These results show that the suggested approach is promising for the development of novel fluorescence detection for chloridion in water.
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold and Clostridioides difficile infection outcomes
Authors: Choi Byungwoo , Wong Ken Koon , Dunn Aaron N. , Butler Robert , Fraser Thomas G. , Procop Gary W. , Richter Sandra S. , Isada Carlos M. , Deshpande Abhishek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes significant morbidity and mortality; however, the diagnosis of CDI remains controversial. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the association of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values with CDI disease severity, recurrence, and mortality among adult patients with CDI.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Single tertiary-care hospital.Patients:Adult patients diagnosed with hospital-onset, healthcare facility–associated CDI from June 2014 to September 2015.Methods:We performed a retrospective chart review of included patients. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to evaluate the association between Ct values and CDI severity, 8-week recurrence, and 30-day mortality.Results:Among 318 included patients, 51% were male and the mean age was 62 years; ~32% of the patients developed severe CDI and 11% developed severe–complicated CDI. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 11% and the 8-week recurrence rate was 9.5%. The overall mean Ct value was 32.9 (range, 23–40). Multivariable analyses showed that lower values of PCR Ct were associated with increased odds of 30-day morality (odds ratio [OR] 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.96) but were not independently associated with CDI severity (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90–1.09) or recurrence (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77–1.00).Conclusions:Our findings suggest that PCR Ct values at the time of diagnosis may have a limited predictive value and utility in clinical decision making for inpatients with CDI. Larger, prospective studies across different patient populations are needed to confirm our findings.
Large-scale screening for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers: Prevalence and risk factors for asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic carriers, with emphasis on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Authors: Rajme-López Sandra , González-Lara María F. , Ortiz-Brizuela Edgar , Román-Montes Carla M. , Santiago-Cruz Janet , Mendoza-Rojas Miguel Ángel , Méndez-Ramos Steven , Tamez-Torres Karla M. , Pérez-García Esteban , Martínez-Guerra Bernardo Alfonso , Cervantes-Villar Luz Elena , Ramos-Cervantes Pilar , Ibarra-González Violeta , Kershenobich-Stalnikowitz David , Sifuentes-Osornio José , Ruíz-Palacios Guillermo M. , Ponce-de-León Alfredo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealthcare workers (HCWs) not fulfilling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case definition underwent severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) screening. Risk of exposure, adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE), and symptoms were assessed. In total, 2,000 HCWs were screened: 5.5% were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There were no differences in PPE use between SARS-CoV-2–positive and –negative HCWs (adherence, >90%). Nursing and kitchen staff were independently associated with positive SARS-CoV-2 results.
Patient Compensation Funds: Legislative Responses to the Medical Malpractice Crisis
Authors: Schrero Elizabeth D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFifteen states have created Patient Compensation Funds in response to the increased cost and reduced availability of medical malpractice insurance associated with the so-called “medical malpractice crisis.” Patient Compensation Fund statutes limit health care providers’ liability to a specified amount, and establish state-administered funds to compensate victorious malpractice plaintiffs for damage awards in excess of that amount.This Note examines the Patient Compensation Fund mechanism, evaluates its effectiveness as a compensation system for malpractice victims, and recommends particular provisions that might enhance its effectiveness. The Note concludes that the Patient Compensation Fund mechanism is an effective means of increasing the availability and of reducing the cost of medical malpractice insurance, and should be adopted by other states experiencing a “medical malpractice crisis.”
Liability for Personal Injuries Caused by Defective Medical Computer Programs
Authors: Brannigan Vincent M. , Dayhoff Ruth E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the past ten years, the use of computer programs in medicine has become increasingly prevalent. As these programs proliferate, however, their potential to injure patients also increases. Although the question of liability for personal injuries caused by defective medical computer programs has not been addressed by the courts, it is inevitable that this question will arise in a judicial forum.In this Article, the authors examine the questions a court will face when addressing this novel cause of action. They attempt to resolve some of these questions by exploring the relevant characteristics of medical computer programs and examining their relationship to the tort law doctrines of negligence and strict products liability. The authors conclude that medical computer programs will be treated as products by the courts, subjecting their manufacturers to strict liability in tort for any defects in the program that cause injury. As a result, the authors contend, hospitals are likely to face a new source of liability for patient injuries if, under the particular circumstances, they are deemed to be the manufacturer or the distributor of a medical computer program that causes an injury.
Discriminatory Aspects of Pre-employment Screening: Low-Back X-ray Examinations in the Railroad Industry
Authors: Rockey Paul H. , Fantel Jane , Omenn Gilbert S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn screening the majority of job applicants, most of this nation's railroads administer a low-back X-ray examination in an attempt to ascertain the likelihood that the applicant will sustain future work-related low-back pain or injury. Many applicants are rejected for employment on the basis of the X-ray findings. The railroads apparently perceive this screening program as a cost-effective means (1) of decreasing the incidence of compensation claims for work-related injuries, brought against the rail-roads under the Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA), (2) of reducing the number of lost workdays resulting from low-back pain or injury, and (3) of protecting particularly susceptible workers from job-related hazards.The authors of this Article submit that low-back X-ray examinations are poor predictors of future low-back pain or injury. They assert that the railroads' use of such examinations misclassifies a substantial number of job applicants as being at increased risk for such pain or injury, and, in consequence, unfairly denies them employment. Furthermore, the authors claim, the screening program has other negative consequences. For example, applicants rejected for railroad employment on the basis of X-ray findings may as a result have difficulty finding jobs in other industries. In addition, they state, there is a potential radiation hazard to examinees. Moreover, both the railroads and those applicants accepted for employment may inappropriately be reassured by normal findings.On balance, the authors conclude, the screening program has a negative social value. The authors suggest that the program, in effect, erroneously labels many applicants as handicapped, and then denies them employment. Such persons might have legal recourse under federal and state statutes prohibiting employment discrimination against the handicapped.
Community Participation in the Certificate-of-Need Process: A Look at Ten-Taxpayer Groups in Massachusetts
Authors: Lewis Thomas J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCertificate-of-need statutes give designated state agencies veto power over investment in health care facilities. Some states have sought to temper the arbitrary character of this power by expanding the opportunities for community input into the certificate-of-need process. Massachusetts, for example, has enacted a statute that allows groups of ten taxpayers to petition for a public hearing on any certificate-of-need application.Some observers question whether the benefits of taxpayer-group participation are substantial enough to compensate for the delays and abuses that the statute allegedly invites. To help resolve this question, this Comment examines historical data on Massachusetts taxpayer groups and on their activities and assesses the significance of their composition and tactics to the certificate-of-need process.Although flaws exist in the Massachusetts ten-taxpayer mechanism, in this writer's view it has succeeded partially in making the certificate-of-need process responsive to community opinion. Many groups lack the skills and qualities needed to make constructive use of the ten-taxpayer mechanism. Nevertheless, it serves a valuable purpose by creating a public forum for and by encouraging public participation in the certificate-of-need process, especially by those who might otherwise try to circumvent that process through use of special legislation, of private pressure, or of other similar means.
Of Love and Laetrile: Medical Decision Making in a Child's Best Interests
Authors: Horwitz Eve T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwo recent cases have raised important questions concerning the appropriateness of state intervention in parental choices of unorthodox medical treatment for children with life-threatening conditions. This Note first discusses whether, and if so, when, state intervention in a child's treatment selection by its parents is appropriate, and then analyzes the tests a court should apply in deciding upon an appropriate treatment. The Note recommends a decision-making approach that requires the appropriate state agency to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the parents' choice of medical treatment either is directly or is indirectly harming their child. Under this approach, if the state meets its burden of proof the court then must apply the ‘best interests’ test, rather than the ‘substituted judgment’ test, to choose an appropriate medical treatment for the child.