bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo non‐contact measurement of human iris elasticity by optical coherence elastography
Authors: Ye Shuling , Zhou Yuheng , Bao Chenhong , Chen Yulei , Lu Fan , Zhu Dexi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuantifying the mechanical properties of the iris can offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of primary angle closure glaucoma. However, current techniques for iris elastography remain ex vivo with limited clinical applications. This article describes a proposition for a non‐contact and non‐invasive air‐puff optical coherence elastography (OCE) system that can evaluate iris elasticity in vivo. Ten eyes recruited from seven subjects underwent OCE imaging acquisition under three different illumination conditions. The Young's modulus of each eye was detected and shown to be inversely proportional to the iris length, indicating a relationship between mechanical properties and morphology of the iris. With its noninvasive and high‐resolution features, this air‐puff system shows great potential for applications in clinical ophthalmology.
The demographic characteristics, prognosis, and relationship with cancer subtypes of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with malignancy: A single‐center experience
Authors: Değerli Ezgi , Derin Sümeyra , Oruç Kerem , Şengül Samancı Nilay , Bedir Şahin , Çelik Emir , Şentürk Öztaş Nihan , Alkan Gülin , Demirelli Fuat H. , Demirci Nebi S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUndoubtedly, cancer patients have suffered the most from the COVID‐19 pandemic process. However, cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and each patient has responded differently to COVID‐19. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID‐19. We retrospectively reviewed 45 cancer patients hospitalized in the Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COVID‐19 department from March 23 to October 23, 2020. We analyzed the demographic characteristics, symptoms, laboratory findings, treatment, prognosis, and cancer subtypes of patients and mortality who were hospitalized for COVID‐19. Between March 23 and October 23, 2020, 45 hospitalized cancer patients who had laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection were included, with a median age of 60 years (range: 23–92). Patients were divided into two groups a survivor and a non‐survivor. Symptoms, demographic information, comorbidities, treatments for COVID‐19, and laboratory findings of the two groups were evaluated separately. Two parameters were found, which showed a significant difference between non‐survivors and survivors displaying a disadvantage for COPD and low platelet count (p = 0.044–0.038). The mortality rate of all patients was 66%. The presence of comorbidities such as COPD and low platelet count in cancer patients with COVID‐19 infection may draw the attention of physicians.
Vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2: A prospective cross‐sectional study from a tertiary center
Authors: Sinaci Selcan , Ocal Doga F. , Seven Banu , Anuk Ali T. , Besimoglu Berhan , Keven Mehmet C. , Goncu Ayhan Sule , Akin Mustafa S. , Tayman Cuneyt , Keskin Huseyin L. , Yapar Eyi Elif G. , Dinc Bedia , Moraloglu Tekin Ozlem , Sahin Dilek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the association of the delivery mode and vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) through the samples of vaginal secretions, placenta, cord blood, or amniotic fluid as well as the neonatal outcomes. This cross‐sectional study presents an analysis of prospectively gathered data collected at a single tertiary hospital. Sixty‐three pregnant women with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) participated in the study. Vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 was analyzed with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) tests and blood tests for immunoglobulin G (IgG)–immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. All patients were in the mild or moderate category for COVID‐19. Only one placental sample and two of the vaginal secretion samples were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Except for one, all positive samples were obtained from patients who gave birth by cesarean. All cord blood and amniotic fluid samples were negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. Two newborns were screened positive for COVID‐19 IgG–IgM within 24 h after delivery, but the RT‐PCR tests were negative. A positive RT‐PCR result was detected in a neof a mother whose placenta, cord blood, amniotic fluid, and vaginal secretions samples were negative. He died due to pulmonary hemorrhage on the 11th day of life. In conclusion, we demonstrated that SARS‐CoV‐2 can be detectable in the placenta or vaginal secretions of pregnant women. Detection of the virus in the placenta or vaginal secretions may not be associated with neonatal infection. Vaginal delivery may not increase the incidence of neonatal infection, and cesarean may not prevent vertical transmission. The decision regarding the mode of delivery should be based on obstetric indications and COVID‐19 severity.
The accuracy in determining pelvic tilt from anteroposterior pelvic radiographs in patients awaiting hip arthroplasty
Authors: Innmann Moritz M. , McGoldrick Niall P. , Ratra Akaash , Merle Christian , Grammatopoulos George 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpinopelvic mobility affects outcome after THA. Whether the sacro‐femoral‐pubic (SFP) angle, measured on AP radiographs, can be reliably used to estimate pelvic tilt (PT) in hip osteoarthritis patients is unknown. This study aimed to (1) validate the use of the SFP angle in the calculation of PT from AP radiographs, and (2) identify individual patient factors affecting the estimation of PT. A cohort of 100 patients awaiting THA for end‐stage hip osteoarthritis was prospectively studied. AP and lateral radiographs, taken in the standing and relaxed‐seated positions were evaluated for spinopelvic measurements (SFP, PT, and pelvic incidence [PI]). To validate the SFP angle, estimated PT values using the formula [PT = 75°‐SFP] were compared to the true, measured values from the lateral radiographs. Despite good agreement for the estimated and true PT (16.2 ± 5.9° vs. 15.5 ± 8.6°; p = .315), a significantly poorer agreement could be found between the two methods at high or low values of PT. Patient‐specific PI correlated with the difference between the two measurement methods (Pearson's r = −0.644; p < .001). However, the change in SFP angle equaled approximately the change in pelvic tilt (∆PT = 2°−∆SFP; Pearson's r = −0.934; p < .001). Absolute values for the sagittal PT should not be estimated from AP pelvic radiographs in patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty. However, the relative change in PT between different positions equals approximately the change in SFP angle. This may allow functional cup orientation after THA to be determined between different postures from an AP radiograph of the pelvis. The SFP angle has moderate accuracy in determining a patient's pelvic tilt; however, it can accurately determine a patient's change in pelvic tilt in different positions.
Different behavior of two iso‐structural zeolitic imidazolate frameworks in ethane–ethylene separation: Study of H2‐CO2 and CH4‐CO2 separation capacity
Authors: Autié‐Castro Giselle , Reguera Edilso , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe separation of ethane–ethylene mixtures was evaluated using two zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, which are only different from the assemble metal, as stationary phase from inverse gas chromatography data. The chromatographic profiles exhibited peaks adequately resolved. Separation is attributed to the pore sizes of the adsorbents that discern between ethane and ethylene molecule shapes and closed kinetic diameters. The adsorption heats were estimated for each probe molecule from the slopes of the straight lines at four temperatures. The evaluated materials are iso‐structural compounds with the unique difference of assembling metal (cobalt and zinc). Cobalt material showed atypical adsorption of ethane over ethylene, which was observed taking into account the retarded elution of the paraffin. Therefore, the anomalous behavior could be ascribed to the presence of cobalt(II). Structural characterization of both materials was performed by X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectronic spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry, while morphological characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy. H2‐CO2 and CH4‐CO2 mixtures separation were also evaluated by inverse gas chromatography. Both materials were able to separate these two mixtures. CO2 was the highest retained probe molecule due to the presence of quadrupole moment.
Reconstruction of dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age of Anatolia through the analysis of dental caries and wear
Authors: Koruyucu Meliha Melis , Erdal Yılmaz Selim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudies have shown that there is a direct and strong relationship between dental pathology, dietary habits, and subsistence economies. Dental caries, the most frequently used bioanthropological data source for determining the dietary habits of past people, provides considerable information about the types of foods predominantly consumed. On the other hand, analyzing dental wear provides an insight into food preparation techniques. In this study, the dental caries and wear on the dentition of individuals from İkiztepe, Bakla Tepe, and Titriş Höyük, dated to the Late Chalcolithic (3500–3000 bc) and the Early Bronze Age (3100–2000 bc), were analyzed to examine potential differences in their dietary habits. The highest caries frequency was observed at Bakla Tepe (10%), followed by İkiztepe with 6.8% and then Titriş Höyük with 4.2%. Stable isotope analyses previously carried out on the same populations suggest a homogenous, predominantly terrestrial C3‐based mixed diet. However, statistically significant differences in caries frequencies and caries surface and depth scores suggest that there are interpopulation differences regarding the amount of carbohydrate and protein in their diet. The dental wear of all populations can be considered as slight, which indicates the consumption of well‐processed, soft, and fine‐grained foods. However, İkiztepe, with the highest mean value of dental wear (x¯: 3.14), is an exception within the sample populations (Bakla Tepe: 2.93; Titriş Höyük: 2.85) examined in this study. Differences in the economic and ecological characteristics of these settlements were effective in explaining the differences observed in dental caries and wear. Although C3‐based foods were common for all of the populations, the relative amount they were consumed is likely different for each sample population, suggesting heterogeneity within and between populations with regard to consumed resources.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Biopsy Type, Ancestry, and Testing Patterns
Authors: Israel Mason A. , Danziger Natalie , McGregor Kimberly A. , Murugesan Karthikeyan , Gjoerup Ole , Sokol Ethan S. , Tukachinsky Hanna , Kurzrock Razelle , Kato Shumei , Sicklick Jason K. , Nimeiri Halla S. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Ross Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAt diagnosis, the majority of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) present with advanced disease and a poor prognosis. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) early in the disease course may increase access to targeted therapies and clinical trials; however, unresolved issues remain surrounding the optimal biopsy type to submit for CGP.Patients and MethodsMutational frequencies between primary tumor biopsies (Pbx), metastatic biopsies (Mbx), and liquid biopsies (Lbx) in 1,632 patients with IHCC were compared.ResultsPotentially actionable alterations were found in 52%, 34%, and 35% of patients in the Pbx, Mbx, and Lbx cohorts, respectively. In Pbx, Mbx, and Lbx, FGFR2 rearrangements were found in 9%, 6%, and 4%, and IDH1 mutations were identified in 16%, 5%, and 9% patients, respectively. Moreover, alterations in FGFR2 and IDH1 were significantly associated with distinct ancestries, including 2.1-fold enrichment for FGFR2 rearrangements in patients with African ancestry and 1.5-fold enrichment for IDH1 mutations in patients with admixed American (Hispanic) ancestry. Finally, the publication of biomarker-driven clinical trials in IHCC correlated with changing CGP testing patterns. Significant correlations between patient characteristics and IHCC trial disclosures were observed, including a significant decrease from time between biopsy and CGP testing, and more frequent testing of primary versus metastatic samples.ConclusionOverall, because of the high likelihood of identifying actionable genomic alterations, CGP should be considered for the majority of patients with inoperable IHCC, and Lbx and Mbx can be considered as part of the diagnostic suite.Implications for PracticeComprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) should be considered for all patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) or suspected IHCC, as actionable alterations were commonly found in multiple genes and a wide variety of FGFR2 fusion partners were identified. The disclosure of IHCC trial data correlated with increased use of CGP, an encouraging trend that moves new therapeutic options forward for rare cancers with a rare biomarker. Although tissue from the primary lesion may identify actionable alterations at higher rates, CGP of a liquid biopsy or metastatic site can be considered, particularly if the primary tissue block is exhausted.
Transitional care in diabetes: a quest for the Holy Grail
Authors: Zaidi Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe age of emerging adulthood is a period of multiple transformations for young people. It is also fraught with challenges for those living with diabetes and for health care providers. Moving from a well‐supported family and health care environment to that of growing independence and autonomy has been shown to result in sub‐optimal glycaemic outcomes, pitfalls in care and rising risk of diabetes‐related emergencies and complications when transition is ineffective. The provision of paediatric and adult diabetes care has crucial differences but, also, opportunities to be similar.Transition care in diabetes needs to adopt the fundamental principles of teamwork, shared goals and an overall holistic care to allow a seamless transfer of care. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.
Dying, dignity and diabetes
Authors: James June 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2019, the International Diabetes Federation attributed 4.2 million deaths due to diabetes.1 In the United States, diabetes was said to be the seventh leading cause of death in 2017; this information was based on over 83,000 death certificates.2 Over half a million people died in the United Kingdom3 in 2017 and, in the same year, 117,000 of these individuals had diabetes.4 The cause of death in these individuals is not usually attributed to acute diabetes complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) or hypoglycaemia, but to the long‐term complications which occur in individuals living with the condition such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and dementia or respiratory disease or cancer. A holistic approach to the care of people living with diabetes as they near the end of their lives is important if acute metabolic complications, unnecessary treatment regimens and excessive monitoring are to be avoided.5 Individuals with diabetes will undoubtedly face additional psychological and clinical challenges as they enter end of life care. This article takes a practical approach to end of life care in people with diabetes; it includes national and international recommendations and simple algorithms developed to support health care professionals caring for these individuals. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons.
Asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis: misdiagnosis or coexistence
Authors: Nguyen‐Ho Lam , Nguyen‐Tiet Au , Chang Yoon‐Seok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAsthma and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are disease entities with different pathogenesis. However, endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB), a peculiar form of PTB, can mimic the symptoms of asthma. Although uncommon, the coexistence of asthma and PTB can appear. We report three cases of PTB. The first two cases with EBTB were misdiagnosed as asthma and the third case with asthma developed PTB four months after high‐dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy. The first two cases presented with chronic cough up mucopurulent/purulent sputum and localized wheezing which revealed diagnostic clues. The third case presented with dry cough and showed a positive bronchodilator response and the right pulmonary apical fibrosis which could be associated with quiescent tuberculous infection. EBTB should be included in the differential diagnosis of asthma. Although rare, physicians should be aware that PTB can also be developed during the treatment course of asthma.
The overall crystallization behavior of polyethylene/wax blends as phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A mini review
Authors: Gumede Thandi Patricia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review paper deals with the overall crystallization behavior of polyethylene/wax blends as phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage with the determination of their thermal properties. The addition of molten wax to the polyethylenes decreases the crystallization and melting temperatures of the blends. However, incorporating fillers to the polyethylene/wax blends can either decrease or increase the crystallization and melting temperatures of the composites depending on the filler type. The normalized enthalpy values of linear low‐density polyethylene showed no significant change when increasing the wax content. On the contrary, the normalized enthalpy values of the wax in the blends were lesser than that of pure wax and increased with increasing wax content. Since the wax in the blend had a lower crystallinity compared to pure wax, this influences its effectiveness as a PCM for thermal energy storage. The effect of different polyethylenes on the wax morphology gave rise to enhance phase separation when wax was blended to high‐density polyethylene as compared to the other polyethylenes. On the contrary, the effect of various waxes on the morphology of polyethylene resulted in different morphologies due to the molecular weight of the wax used and the structure of the polyethylene chain. The addition of fillers to the polyethylene (PE)/wax samples resulted in enhanced phase separation. The overall isothermal crystallization rate and the equilibrium melting temperature of PEs in the PEs/wax blends were depressed by wax addition due to the wax dilution effect.
Effects of mRNA Modifications on Translation: An Overview
Authors: Roy Bijoyita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe mRNA epitranscriptome imparts diversity to gene expression by installing chemical modifications. Advances in detection methods have identified chemical modifications in eukaryotic, bacterial, and viral messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The biological functions of modifications in mRNAs still remain to be understood. Chemical modifications are introduced in synthetic mRNAs meant for therapeutic applications to maximize expression from the synthetic mRNAs and to evade the host immune response. This overview provides a background of chemical modifications found in mRNAs, with an emphasis on pseudouridine and its known effects on the mRNA life cycle, its potential applications in synthetic mRNA, and the methods used to assess its effects on mRNA translation.
Analysis of Cell Cycle Progression in the Budding Yeast S. cerevisiae
Authors: Pirincci Ercan Deniz , Uhlmann Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe cell cycle is an ordered series of events by which cells grow and divide to give rise to two daughter cells. In eukaryotes, cyclin–cyclin-dependent kinase (cyclin–Cdk) complexes act as master regulators of the cell division cycle by phosphorylating numerous substrates. Their activity and expression profiles are regulated in time. The budding yeast S. cerevisiae was one of the pioneering model organisms to study the cell cycle. Its genetic amenability continues to make it a favorite model to decipher the principles of how changes in cyclin-Cdk activity translate into the intricate sequence of substrate phosphorylation events that govern the cell cycle. In this chapter, we introduce robust and straightforward methods to analyze cell cycle progression in S. cerevisiae. These techniques can be utilized to describe cell cycle events and to address the effects of perturbations on accurate and timely cell cycle progression.
How Does the Sovereign Money System Work?
Authors: Stellinga Bart , de Hoog Josta , van Riel Arthur , de Vries Casper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter addresses the broad outlines of a sovereign money system as advocated in recent proposals. In such a system, money can only be created by the central bank, and the institutions that lend money (we call them financing institutions) are strictly separated from those that make up the payment system. We do not delve into the details of each proposal but focus on their overarching characteristics. We first outline what these proposals imply for the payment system as well as for investing and lending. We then turn to the government’s role and responsibilities in the new system, including how money is created and enters society, and discuss transition paths to the new system.
Extended Non-destructive Testing for the Bondline Quality Assessment of Aircraft Composite Structures
Authors: Malinowski Paweł H. , Wandowski Tomasz , Ostachowicz Wiesław M. , Sagnard Maxime , Berthe Laurent , Ecault Romain , Solodov Igor , Segur Damien , Kreutzbruck Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present the results of extended non-destructive testing (ENDT) methods for bond line quality assessment in adhesive joints. The results presented were derived for important application scenarios with regards to aircraft manufacturing and the in-service repair of composite structures. The electromechanical impedance (EMI), laser shock adhesion testing (LASAT), and nonlinear ultrasound scanning (NUS) were used on flat coupon samples, scarfed samples, and curved samples. The EMI method applied to the flat coupons showed some relation of the frequency shift to the level of contamination. For the curved samples, there was insufficient sensitivity to differentiate distinct levels of contamination, while for scarfed samples in most cases both detection and distinction were possible. The LASAT method gave good results for the coupon samples, which were also in accordance with the results of the $${\text{G}}_{\text{IC}}$$

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tests. For coupon samples with multiple contaminations, we obtained results with varying significance. In the case of NUS, the measurements revealed an increase in nonlinearity affected by contamination at the interphase between the CFRP adherend and the adhesive layer for the majority of scenarios comprising single contamination of flat coupons and scarfed samples. The effect of multiple contaminations was a decrease in nonlinearity for the curved samples.