bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallow gas hydrates off southwest Taiwan and their mechanisms
Authors: Huang Yin-Sheng , Hsu Shu-Kun , Su Chih-Chieh , Lin Andrew Tien-Shun , Yu Pai-Sen , Babonneau Nathalie , Ratzov Gueorgui , Lallemand Serge , Huang Pi-Chuen , Lin Shiao-Shan , Lin Jing-Yi , Wei Kuo-Yen , Chang Yuan-Pin , Yu Neng-Ti , Tsai Ching-Hui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have collected two shallow gas hydrate samples at two sites having different geological settings off southwest Taiwan during the cruise MD214 in 2018. The first core site, MD18-3542, is on the South Yuan-An East Ridge at ~ 1200 m water deep, where a structural unconformity covered by fine-silt sediments appears at ~ 5.5 m below the seafloor. The second core site, MD18-3543, is close to the Good-Weather Ridge at ~ 1100 m water deep, where a gas-related pockmark structure and authigenic carbonates are present at shallow strata with fine-silt sediments near the seafloor. Sediment properties of core MD18-3542 are distinctively different above and below the layer corresponding to the unconformity. Both cores show obvious gaps or voids in the lower core halves. The core features could be linked to the dissociated methane upward migrating from deep strata. Core site settings with upwelling methane would favor the formation of shallow gas hydrates. At site MD18-3542, the shallow hydrate could be formed due to high concentration methane kept beneath the unconformity covered by fine-silt sediments. At site MD18-3543, the shallow hydrate could be formed due to an extremely high flux of upwelling methane trapped either beneath the authigenic carbonates or fine-silt sediments.
Internally Incentivized Interdisciplinarity: Organizational Restructuring of Research and Emerging Tensions
Authors: Salmela Mikko , MacLeod Miles , Munck af Rosenschöld Johan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInterdisciplinarity is widely considered necessary to solving many contemporary problems, and new funding structures and instruments have been created to encourage interdisciplinary research at universities. In this article, we study a small technical university specializing in green technology which implemented a strategy aimed at promoting and developing interdisciplinary collaboration. It did so by reallocating its internal research funds for at least five years to “research platforms” that required researchers from at least two of the three schools within the university to participate. Using data from semi-structured interviews from researchers in three of these platforms, we identify specific tensions that the strategy has generated in this case: (1) in the allocation of platform resources, (2) in the division of labor and disciplinary relations, (3) in choices over scientific output and academic careers. We further show how the particular platform format exacerbates the identified tensions in our case. We suggest that certain features of the current platform policy incentivize shallow interdisciplinary interactions, highlighting potential limits on the value of attempting to push for interdisciplinarity through internal funding.
Maghemite nanoparticles coated by methacrylamide-based polymer for magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Herynek Vít , Babič Michal , Kaman Ondřej , Charvátová Hana , Veselá Mariana , Buchholz Oliver , Vosmanská Magda , Kubániová Denisa , Kohout Jaroslav , Hofmann Ulrich G. , Šefc Luděk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA wise selection of tracers is critical for magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Most of the current tracers are based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a suitable coating. We prepared maghemite cores (γ-Fe2O3) by coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts with ammonium hydroxide followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and stabilization as an anionic (γ-Fe2O3⊖) or cationic colloid (γ-Fe2O3⨁). The cores were coated by poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-co-N-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-2-methyl-prop-2-enamide. The particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, tested in vitro in a field-free point MPI scanner, and compared to nanoparticles prepared by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite and to the commercially available Resovist®. The cores had an average diameter of 8.0 nm (γ-Fe2O3⨁) and 8.7 nm (γ-Fe2O3⊖); the hydrodynamic diameter was 88 nm. Zeta potential values for both positively charged (+52 mV) and negatively charged particles (–60 mV) provided for good colloidal stabilization. Spinel structure of maghemite was confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The uncoated γ-Fe2O3⨁ particles yielded an MPI signal lower (by 16 %) than Resovist; the coated ones reached 88 % of the Resovist signal. Anionic γ-Fe2O3⊖ particles reached a higher (uncoated particles, by 15 %) or comparable (coated ones) signal relative to Resovist with a substantially lower signal dispersion. Control particles prepared by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite scored the weakest results. To conclude, a suitable size, narrow size distribution, and colloidal stability predispose the synthetized particles for use as a tracer for MPI. The anionic particles provided a higher signal with a lower dispersion than commercial tracers.
Reserve Volatility and the Identification of Exchange Rate Regimes
Authors: Bleaney Michael , Tian Mo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractShould exchange rate regime classifications be based purely on some measure of exchange rate flexibility, or should such flexibility be judged in proportion to the degree of exchange market pressure (EMP), as reflected in the behaviour of international reserves? Some authors have claimed that the best approach to classifying exchange rate regimes is to estimate to what extent EMP is absorbed in reserve variability rather than exchange rate variability. Empirical evidence is presented on the variability of reserves and exchange rates for 193 countries from 1980 to 2019. Pegged regimes do not display any more reserve volatility than floats. In most regimes there is a small but statistically significant positive correlation between reserve accumulation and exchange rate appreciation in monthly data, but this effect is no stronger in less flexible regimes, where intervention is expected to be greater. A flexibility index is constructed, based on the ratio of exchange rate flexibility to reserve volatility, and is compared to one based solely on exchange rate flexibility by investigating its conformity with the IMF de facto classification. The flexibility index that takes reserves into account does not improve the identification of pegs, but it helps to a limited extent to distinguish free floats from managed floats.
Psychological well-being and illness perceptions in patients with hypopituitarism
Authors: Slagboom Tessa N. A. , Deijen Jan Berend , Van Bunderen Christa C. , Knoop Hans A. , Drent Madeleine L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
The primary aim of the current study was to objectify a spectrum of persisting subjective psychological complaints in patients with hypopituitarism, at least six months after normalizing of the hormonal disturbances. Also, gender differences on these outcomes were investigated. The secondary aim was to identify illness perceptions and causal attributions within this patient group.

Methods
A total of 42 adult participants (60% females) with treated hypopituitarism once filled out a number of psychological questionnaires. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessed mood and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) assessed well-being. Illness perceptions were identified using the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Brief Dutch Language Version (IPQ-B DLV) and causal attributions by using the Causal Attribution List (CAL). Patient outcomes were compared to reference values of healthy norm groups.

Results
Participants scored significantly worse on the POMS depression, anger, fatigue and tension subscales, the SCL-90 psychoneuroticism, depression, inadequacy of thinking and acting and sleeping problems subscales and all subscales of the WSAS when compared to reference data. Women also scored worse on depression (HADS) and somatic symptoms (SCL-90). Compared to other illnesses, patients with hypopituitarism have more negative and realistic illness perceptions on consequences, timeline, identity and emotions. Participants attributed their complaints more to physical causes than psychological causes.

Conclusion
Despite normalization of hormonal disturbances, patients with hypopituitarism in general can still experience problems during daily living, such as negative mood states and a decreased psychological well-being.
Soil organic nitrogen: an overlooked but potentially significant contribution to crop nutrition
Authors: Farzadfar Soudeh , Knight J. Diane , Congreves Kate A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
For more than a century, crop N nutrition research has primarily focused on inorganic N (IN) dynamics, building the traditional model that agricultural plants predominantly take up N in the form of NO3− and NH4+. However, results reported in the ecological and agricultural literature suggest that the traditional model of plant N nutrition is oversimplified.

Scope
We examine the role of organic N (ON) in plant N nutrition, first by reviewing the historical discoveries by ecologists of plant ON uptake, then by discussing the advancements of key analytical techniques that have furthered the cause (stable isotope and microdialysis techniques). The current state of knowledge on soil ON dynamics is analyzed concurrently with recent developments that show ON uptake and assimilation by agricultural plant species. Lastly, we consider the relationship between ON uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in an agricultural context.

Conclusions
We propose several mechanisms by which ON uptake and assimilation may increase crop NUE, such as by reducing N assimilation costs, promoting root biomass growth, shaping N cycling microbial communities, recapturing exuded N compounds, and aligning the root uptake capacity to the soil N supply in highly fertilized systems. These hypothetical mechanisms should direct future research on the topic. Although the quantitative role remains unknown, ON compounds should be considered as significant contributors to plant N nutrition.
Metrisable assessment of the course of stream-systemic processes in vector form in industry 4.0
Authors: Drozd Radosław , Wolniak Radosław 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to present an innovative conception how to use metrisable vector structure of a manufacturing process, based on quantitative relations between the activity of input streams, features of the product, and effect of losses; all of which are excellent practical solution for Industry 4.0, and in turn intelligent factories. This solution can be a usefull way in the process of building sustainable organization. A vector representation of manufacturing processes was formulated, one which is based in system engineering. Three manufacturing system state vectors were proposed. These are: input stream vector$${\upphi }$$ϕ, product features vector$$\overrightarrow {{\text{ P}}}$$P→which is also referred to as quality vector, and losses vector$$\overrightarrow {{\text{ S}}}$$S→. Scalar, vector, and mixed products of these vectors may form constitutive equations of manufacturing processes. The relations between the vectors$$\upphi$$ϕ,$$\overrightarrow {{\text{ P}}}$$P→,$$\overrightarrow {{\text{ S}}}$$S→provide a possibility for a metrisable, complex analysis and assessment of a contemporary manufacturing process. The paper shows practical methods for defining the size of the vector values within the process. The demonstrated vector description of stream-systemic processes can also be applied to non-material manufacturing.
Critical examination of current response shift methods and proposal for advancing new methods
Authors: Sébille Véronique , Lix Lisa M. , Ayilara Olawale F. , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Janssens A. Cecile J. W. , Sawatzky Richard , Sprangers Mirjam A. G. , Verdam Mathilde G. E. ,   the Response Shift – in Sync Working Group
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This work is part of an international, interdisciplinary initiative to synthesize research on response shift in results of patient-reported outcome measures. The objective is to critically examine current response shift methods. We additionally propose advancing new methods that address the limitations of extant methods.

Methods
Based on literature reviews, this critical examination comprises design-based, qualitative, individualized, and preference-based methods, latent variable models, and other statistical methods. We critically appraised their definition, operationalization, the type of response shift they can detect, whether they can adjust for and explain response shift, their assumptions, and alternative explanations. Overall limitations requiring new methods were identified.

Results
We examined 11 methods that aim to operationalize response shift, by assessing change in the meaning of one’s self-evaluation. Six of these methods distinguish between change in observed measurements (observed change) and change in the construct that was intended to be measured (target change). The methods use either (sub)group-based or individual-level analysis, or a combination. All methods have underlying assumptions to be met and alternative explanations for the inferred response shift effects. We highlighted the need to address the interpretation of the results as response shift and proposed advancing new methods handling individual variation in change over time and multiple time points.

Conclusion
No single response shift method is optimal; each method has strengths and limitations. Additionally, extra steps need to be taken to correctly interpret the results. Advancing new methods and conducting computer simulation studies that compare methods are recommended to move response shift research forward.
The presumption of assurance
Authors: Faulkner Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccording to the Assurance Theory of testimony, in telling an audience something, a speaker offers their assurance that what is told is true, which is something like their guarantee, or promise, of truth. However, speakers also tell lies and say things they do not have the authority to back up. So why does understanding tellings to be a form of assurance explain how tellings can provide a reason for belief? This paper argues that reasons come once it is recognised that tellings are trusted. And the logic by means of which trust gives reason to believe is quite general; it applies equally to belief that is based on evidence rather than assurance. Outlining this logic requires the introduction of the idea of epistemic presumptions, whose truth plays the role of ensuring a connection between believer, justification and truth.
Effect of prostatic apex shape (Lee types) and urethral sphincter length in preoperative MRI on very early continence rates after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Preisser Felix , Mueller Matthias , Theissen Lena H. , Welte Maria N. , Hoeh Benedikt , Humke Clara , Bernatz Simon , Bodelle Boris , Würnschimmel Christoph , Tilki Derya , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Roos Frederik C. , Becker Andreas , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Chun Felix K. H. , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To test the effect of anatomic variants of the prostatic apex overlapping the membranous urethra (Lee type classification), as well as median urethral sphincter length (USL) in preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) on the very early continence in open (ORP) and robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) patients.

Methods
In 128 consecutive patients (01/2018–12/2019), USL and the prostatic apex classified according to Lee types A–D in mpMRI prior to ORP or RARP were retrospectively analyzed. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify anatomic characteristics for very early continence rates, defined as urine loss of ≤ 1 g in the PAD-test.

Results
Of 128 patients with mpMRI prior to surgery, 76 (59.4%) underwent RARP vs. 52 (40.6%) ORP. In total, median USL was 15, 15 and 10 mm in the sagittal, coronal and axial dimensions. After stratification according to very early continence in the PAD-test (≤ 1 g vs. > 1 g), continent patients had significantly more frequently Lee type D (71.4 vs. 54.4%) and C (14.3 vs. 7.6%, p = 0.03). In multivariable logistic regression models, the sagittal median USL (odds ratio [OR] 1.03) and Lee type C (OR: 7.0) and D (OR: 4.9) were independent predictors for achieving very early continence in the PAD-test.

Conclusion
Patients’ individual anatomical characteristics in mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy can be used to predict very early continence. Lee type C and D suggest being the most favorable anatomical characteristics. Moreover, longer sagittal median USL in mpMRI seems to improve very early continence rates.
„Du stehst unter genauer Beobachtung, unangenehmer Beobachtung“
Authors: Springer Nina , Troger Franziska 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag konzeptualisiert unterschiedliche Formen problematischen Publikumsfeedbacks als Ausdruck kommunikativer Gewalt, die bei Betroffenen Stress auslöst und Bewältigungsreaktionen in Gang setzt. Aufbauend auf dem Forschungsstand zur Wahrnehmung digitaler Sicherheit arbeiten wir heraus, dass Journalistinnen in besonderer Weise unter kommunikativer Gewalt leiden. Mithilfe von neun qualitativen Interviews mit betroffenen Journalistinnen im deutschsprachigen Raum untersuchen wir, (1) wie Journalistinnen die Situation wahrnehmen und bewerten, in der sie kommunikative Gewalt erlebten, und (2) welche Strategien für die Bewältigung dieser Situationen sie benutzten. Die Analyse der Interviews illustriert, wie Überraschung, Mangel an Kontrolle und Personalisierung Unsicherheit produzieren und Situationen dadurch ihr besonderes Stresspotential entfalten. Weiterhin wird deutlich, dass kommunikative Gewalt nicht nur publizistisch problematische Bewältigungsreaktionen (wie beispielsweise Selbstzensur) zeitigt, sondern auch Mechanismen auslösen kann, die publizistisch als wertvoll wahrgenommen werden (Selbstreflexion, Verantwortungsübernahme, Empathie). Die vorliegende Studie ergänzt den in der deutschsprachigen Journalistik im Wesentlichen auf quantitativen Daten beruhenden Forschungsstand und stellt Erkenntnisse für die Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie Medienpraxis zur Verfügung.
EMF 35 JMIP study for Japan’s long-term climate and energy policy: scenario designs and key findings
Authors: Sugiyama Masahiro , Fujimori Shinichiro , Wada Kenichi , Oshiro Ken , Kato Etsushi , Komiyama Ryoichi , Silva Herran Diego , Matsuo Yuhji , Shiraki Hiroto , Ju Yiyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn June, 2019, Japan submitted its mid-century strategy to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and pledged 80% emissions cuts by 2050. The strategy has not gone through a systematic analysis, however. The present study, Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) 35 Japan Model Intercomparison project (JMIP), employs five energy-economic and integrated assessment models to evaluate the nationally determined contribution and mid-century strategy of Japan. EMF 35 JMIP conducts a suite of sensitivity analyses on dimensions including emissions constraints, technology availability, and demand projections. The results confirm that Japan needs to deploy all of its mitigation strategies at a substantial scale, including energy efficiency, electricity decarbonization, and end-use electrification. Moreover, they suggest that with the absence of structural changes in the economy, heavy industries will be one of the hardest to decarbonize. Partitioning of the sum of squares based on a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) reconfirms that mitigation strategies, such as energy efficiency and electrification, are fairly robust across models and scenarios, but that the cost metrics are uncertain. There is a wide gap of policy strength and breadth between the current policy instruments and those suggested by the models. Japan should strengthen its climate action in all aspects of society and economy to achieve its long-term target.
Effects of experiencing the role of imaginary future generations in decision-making: a case study of participatory deliberation in a Japanese town
Authors: Hara Keishiro , Kitakaji Yoko , Sugino Hiroaki , Yoshioka Ritsuji , Takeda Hiroyuki , Hizen Yoichi , Saijo Tatsuyoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo ensure sustainability, overcoming intergenerational conflict is vital, and social systems supporting decision-making that takes into account the benefits to future generations is thus critically important. One promising approach in such social systems is introducing “imaginary future generations” who act as representatives for the benefits of future generation in actual, present-day decision-making situations. In this study, we explore the effects and implications of participants’ experiences as representatives of imaginary future generation. We conducted a citizens’ participatory debate on creating a vision and appropriate policies associated with public facilities and housing in a town in Japan, and examined how the thinking patterns and decisions of the participants shifted as a result of debating from the perspectives of both current and imaginary future generations. Based on analyses of a questionnaire and the keywords in answers to a worksheet provided to the participants, we demonstrate that through their experiences as representatives of imaginary future generations, a clear shift in perspective occurred, with increases in self-reflective viewpoint. We also found that the shared viewpoints of the current and future generations existed within the individuals. These findings hint at how we can develop institutions and social systems that facilitate sustainable decision-making.
Ownership and inequalities: exploring UNEP’s Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding Program
Authors: Krampe Florian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe question of ownership—that is, who is included and excluded from policy processes—has become one of the most pressing issues in the global discourse on peace and conflict. While research shows that the inclusion of domestic actors is critical to success, broader international processes often neglect these actors. Focused on environmental peacebuilding—the sustainable management of natural resources in post-conflict settings—as an emerging area, this article employs qualitative content analysis (QCA) to study four core reports of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)’s Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding Programme (2008–2015). The results reveal that the framing of environmental peacebuilding in these documents contributes to power inequalities being reinforced. The reports’ language suggests that, overall, UNEP favors international ownership of environmental peacebuilding. By contrast, local actors—both state and non-state—appear to be considered a risk in the context of natural resource management. This article discusses the implications of this lack of inclusion for peacebuilding practice.