bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsibility for homelessness: Lived experience perspectives and their alignment with neoliberal discourse
Authors: Stonehouse Darran , Theobald Jacqui , Threlkeld Guinever 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a context of increasing welfare conditionality, governmental responses to homelessness in Australia continue to be influenced by neoliberal discourses of personal responsibility. This is reflected in their emphasis on individualised interventions and lack of attention to structural drivers of homelessness. Research examining these issues has primarily focused on policies and practices aiming to responsibilise individuals’ conduct, and less so on how those with lived experiences view and apportion responsibility for homelessness. In recognition of this gap, this paper reports findings from a qualitative study examining the views of responsibility expressed by nine individuals with lived experiences of homelessness. Findings demonstrate that participants recognised their own responsibilities, yet also highlighted significant constraints on individual agency associated with being homeless and emphasised unmet responsibilities of governments. Our analysis demonstrates how participants’ views contrast with neoliberal discourses of personal responsibility, and problematise notions of “fair reciprocity” on which they are premised. We argue their views can be interpreted as supporting alternative notions of shared responsibility for homelessness. These findings have implications for policy and practice and highlight the need to further engage with lived experience perspectives to advance more effective and socially just responses to homelessness in Australia.
Room Temperature Allenation of Terminal Alkynes with Aldehydes
Authors: Xiao Junzhe , Cui Yifan , Li Can , Xu Haibo , Zhai Yizhan , Zhang Xue , Ma Shengming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA gold‐catalyzed room temperature allenation of terminal alkynes (ATA) with aldehydes affording 1,3‐disubstituted allenes with diverse functional groups has been developed by identifying a gold(I) catalyst and an amine. The practicality of this reaction has been demonstrated by a ten gram‐scale synthesis and the synthetic potentials have been demonstrated via various transformations and formal total synthesis of (−)‐centrolobine. Mechanistic studies revealed that the gold catalyst, the aldehyde effect, the fluoroalkyl hydroxyl solvent (TFE or HFIP) and the structure of amine are vital in this room temperature ATA reaction.
Asymmetric Deoxygenative Alkynylation of Tertiary Amides Enabled by Iridium/Copper Bimetallic Relay Catalysis
Authors: Li Zhaokun , Zhao Feng , Ou Wei , Huang Pei‐Qiang , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA variety of inert tertiary amides have been successfully transformed into synthetically important chiral propargylamines in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities via a relayed sequence of Ir catalyzed partial reduction and Cu/GARPHOS catalyzed asymmetric alkynylation with terminal alkynes. The reaction was readily extended to some drug molecules and the transformations of representative products have been demonstrated, thus attesting the practical utilities and the robust nature of the protocol.
Reconfigurable Two‐Dimensional DNA Lattices: Static and Dynamic Angle Control
Authors: Wang Wen , Chen Chunyu , Vecchioni Simon , Zhang Tianqing , Wu Chengxian , Ohayon Yoel P. , Sha Ruojie , Seeman Nadrian C. , Wei Bryan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBranched DNA motifs serve as the basic construction elements for all synthetic DNA nanostructures. However, precise control of branching orientation remains a key challenge to further heighten the overall structural order. In this study, we use two strategies to control the branching orientation. The first one is based on immobile Holliday junctions which employ specific nucleotide sequences at the branch points which dictate their orientation. The second strategy is to use angle‐enforcing struts to fix the branching orientation with flexible spacers at the branch points. We have also demonstrated that the branching orientation control can be achieved dynamically, either by canonical Watson–Crick base pairing or non‐canonical nucleobase interactions (e.g., i‐motif and G‐quadruplex). With precise angle control and feedback from the chemical environment, these results will enable novel DNA nanomechanical sensing devices, and precisely‐ordered three‐dimensional architectures.
A Zn‐based metal–organic framework for the irreversible determination of trace biomarkers of styrene and ethylbenzene in urine
Authors: Cong Zhenzhong , Liu Wei , Song Zhenfeng , Zhu Mingchang , Zhang Ying , Yao Wei , Wu Shuangyan , Gao Enjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), as a urine metabolite of ethylbenzene and styrene (EB/S), can effectively represent the level of EB/S ingested by the human body through oral inhalation and skin absorption. Compared with measuring EB/S levels directly in the environment, detecting the level of PGA in urine has the advantages of high specificity and noninvasive sampling. In this paper, a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based sensorZn‐PBA = ({[Zn(PBA)·H2O]·2H2O}n, H2PBA = 4‐(5‐pyridinyl)‐1,3 benzoic acid) for trace detection of PGA was designed and synthesized by a solvothermal method.Zn‐PBAcould detect the level of PGA in normal human physiological urine environment (pH range from 5.5 to 7.5) and has the characteristics of high selectivity and sensitivity, rapid response (<210 s), low limit of detection (LOD = 1.96 × 10−6 M), and so forth. The irreversible sensing of PGA proves that PGA caused the structural collapse ofZn‐PBA. This paper provides a specific sensor for detecting trace PGA level for evaluating the EB/S content intake by the human body.
3D printed‐polylactic acid scaffolds coated with natural rubber latex for biomedical application
Authors: Marcatto Vinicius Assis , Sant'Ana Pegorin Giovana , Barbosa Gustavo Franco , Herculano Rondinelli Donizetti , Guerra Nayrim Brizuela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly growing technology and plays an emerging role in several biomedical applications. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most common materials in 3D printing, however, it is chemically inert due to the absence of reactive side chain groups. In this context, in this work, the PLA scaffolds with two different geometries were produced and coated with natural rubber latex (NRL) extracted from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. NRL presents bioactive substances that are related to its biological properties. The results revealed scaffolds with interconnected pores and pores sizes from 600 to 1300 μm. The NRL coatings caused a decrease in pore size. Infrared spectra showed that 2 NRL layers were more efficient in coverage. Compressive strength values obtained are in agreement with the spongy bones value (22–24 MPa for crossbar and 20–22 MPa for roundbar cube). Finally, the hemolytic activity of the PLA scaffold was 3%, while the scaffolds coated with 1 and 2 NRL layers presented values of 0%, indicating a potential use in biomedical applications due to the absence of hemolytic effects.
Ten Ways to Fool the Masses When Presenting Battery Research**
Authors: Johansson Patrik , Alvi Sajid , Ghorbanzade Pedram , Karlsmo Martin , Loaiza Laura , Thangavel Vigneshwaran , Westman Kasper , Årén Fabian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs scientists within the field of battery research we may often find it quite difficult to match and trust the promises given in press releases and high‐profile papers. Even though there are real breakthroughs, where the results indeed are as impressive as they are marketed to be, we may as often find the reporting of “revolutionary” results to omit critical aspects of the methods and materials used. The absolute majority of researchers do not actively pursue to present their science in any untrue fashion, but poor (ethical) judgement could affect anyone working long hours in a gloomy lab at dusk and at the same time feel being pressed for publications and citations. Here, we outline ten ways to make your results appear more attractive and ground‐breaking than they actually are, especially to laypeople that might not appreciate the full range of difficulties associated with battery research. Consider it a light‐hearted entry with respect to scientific quality in methodology and dissemination, that might assist you in looking for nebulous reporting practices in your own and your peers’ work, but please do not consider it a guide, but a humorous contrast to the real publishing guidelines recently launched.[2–4]
The Roles of Composition and Mesostructure of Cobalt‐Based Spinel Catalysts in Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Rabe Anna , Büker Julia , Salamon Soma , Koul Adarsh , Hagemann Ulrich , Landers Joachim , Friedel Ortega Klaus , Peng Baoxiang , Muhler Martin , Wende Heiko , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Behrens Malte 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy using the crystalline precursor decomposition approach and direct co‐precipitation the composition and mesostructure of cobalt‐based spinels can be controlled. A systematic substitution of cobalt with redox‐active iron and redox‐inactive magnesium and aluminum in a cobalt spinel with anisotropic particle morphology with a preferred 111 surface termination is presented, resulting in a substitution series including Co3O4, MgCo2O4, Co2FeO4, Co2AlO4 and CoFe2O4. The role of redox pairs in the spinels is investigated in chemical water oxidation by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN test), electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and H2O2 decomposition. Studying the effect of dominant surface termination, isotropic Co3O4 and CoFe2O4 catalysts with more or less spherical particles are compared to their anisotropic analogues. For CAN‐test and OER, Co3+ plays the major role for high activity. In H2O2 decomposition, Co2+ reveals itself to be of major importance. Redox active cations in the structure enhance the catalytic activity in all reactions. A benefit of a predominant 111 surface termination depends on the cobalt oxidation state in the as‐prepared catalysts and the investigated reaction.
A Perspective on Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Najafishirtari Sharif , Friedel Ortega Klaus , Douthwaite Mark , Pattisson Samuel , Hutchings Graham J. , Bondue Christoph J. , Tschulik Kristina , Waffel Daniel , Peng Baoxiang , Deitermann Michel , Busser G. Wilma , Muhler Martin , Behrens Malte 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSelective oxidation of higher alcohols using heterogeneous catalysts is an important reaction in the synthesis of fine chemicals with added value. Though the process for primary alcohol oxidation is industrially established, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding considering the complexity of the catalysts and their dynamics under reaction conditions, especially when higher alcohols and liquid‐phase reaction media are involved. Additionally, new materials should be developed offering higher activity, selectivity, and stability. This can be achieved by unraveling the structure–performance correlations of these catalysts under reaction conditions. In this regard, researchers are encouraged to develop more advanced characterization techniques to address the complex interplay between the solid surface, the dissolved reactants, and the solvent. In this mini‐review, we report some of the most important approaches taken in the field and give a perspective on how to tackle the complex challenges for different approaches in alcohol oxidation while providing insight into the remaining challenges.
Enantioseparation and racemization of α‐aryl‐α‐fluoroacetonitriles
Authors: Steber Sarah E. , Pham Angelette N. D. L. , Nelson Eryn , Wolf Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe 2‐Aryl‐2‐fluoroacetonitriles have garnered increasing interest as versatile building blocks in asymmetric synthesis. However, the configurational stability of these organofluorines is poorly understood and analytical methods that can be used to differentiate between their enantiomers remain underdeveloped. In this study, baseline high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantioseparation of ten 2‐aryl‐2‐fluoroacetonitriles was achieved by screening frequently used chiral stationary phases. While Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AD, and Chiralpak AS proved to be most broadly useful, preparative separation of the enantiomers of 2‐(2‐naphthyl)‐2‐fluoroacetonitrile was possible on Chiralcel OJ. This enabled racemization studies at various temperatures and in the presence of organic bases which showed that this compound is configurationally stable under neutral conditions upon heating to 130°C for 6 h but undergoes complete racemization within 10 h in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of a guanidine base at room temperature. The racemization is likely to proceed via formation of an achiral keteniminate intermediate and obeys reversible first‐order reaction kinetics with a half‐life time of 87.7 min in ethanolic hexanes at 23.2°C. Racemization is significantly slower and occurs with a half‐life time of 23.1 h at 22.4°C when the guanidine is replaced with a weaker amidine base.
Serum procalcitonin to differentiate acute antepartum pyelonephritis from asymptomatic bacteriuria and acute cystitis during pregnancy: A multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Huang Shang‐Yu , Hsiao Ching‐Hua , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Kang Lin , Yan Jian‐Ying , Cheng Po‐Jen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether serum procalcitonin (PCT) is useful for differentiating acute pyelonephritis (APN) from asymptomatic bacteriuria and acute cystitis during pregnancy.MethodsA multicenter prospective observational study was conducted to compare serum white blood cell (WBC) counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, and PCT level among pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis, and APN and healthy pregnant women (controls). Utility of WBC count, ESR, CRP, and PCT biomarkers for the prediction of APN during pregnancy were measured.ResultsArea under the curve (AUC) values of PCT, CRP, ESR, and WBC count for predicting asymptomatic bacteriuria were 0.576, 0.628, 0.542, and 0.532, respectively; those for predicting acute cystitis were 0.766, 0.735, 0.681, and 0.597, respectively; and those for predicting acute pyelonephritis 0.859, 0.763, 0.711, and 0.732, respectively. Compared with the other inflammatory markers used to predict APN, PCT exhibited the highest AUC (0.859 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.711–0.935]). A cutoff value of >0.25 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 79%.ConclusionSerum PCT can be a valuable addition to existing methods of differentiating asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis, and APN during pregnancy and can facilitate the early identification of APN during pregnancy.
Strategy of subsurface pipe drainage system to alleviate soil salinization based on the DRAINMOD model*
Authors: Liu Yi , Zeng Wenzhi , Ao Chang , Chen Mingyuan , Lei Guoqing , Wu Jingwei , Huang Jiesheng , Gaiser Thomas , Srivastava Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo investigate the dynamics and influencing factors of water and salt in subsurface pipe drainage (SPD) systems, three field experiments (denoted as E0.8, E1.1, and E1.4) with different drainage pipe depths (80, 110, and 140 cm, respectively) were conducted in saline farmlands in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. The cumulative water drainage and salt discharge were used to calibrate and validate the DRAINMOD model for simulating water and salt movements in SPD systems. Two indices, the effective leaching water amount (We) and the ratio of the salt discharge rate to the soil desalination rate (Rs/N), combined with the water drainage rate (Rw) and salt discharge rate (Rs), were used to evaluate the effects of salt discharge under different pipe layouts. The experimental results showed that water drainage only started when groundwater completely submerged the subsurface pipes. Furthermore, Rs and Rs/N increased with decreasing burial depth, while the total salt discharge decreased and Rw increased with We. The relationship among We, the burial depth of the subsurface pipe (B), the groundwater table (G), and the Rw or Rs/N of SPD was quantified under different soil textures. In addition, quantitative formulas for determining the water and salt discharge characteristics of SPD were also established.
Total and regional fat‐to‐muscle mass ratio measured by bioelectrical impedance and risk of incident type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Ningjian , Sun Ying , Zhang Haojie , Chen Chi , Wang Yuying , Zhang Jihui , Xia Fangzhen , Benedict Christian , Tan Xiao , Lu Yingli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe fat‐to‐muscle mass ratio (FMR) might be an indicator to assess type 2 diabetes risk independent of general obesity. However, no longitudinal studies have explored the extent to which total and regional FMRs may confer risks. We aimed to measure the sex‐specific associations between FMRs of the arm, leg, trunk and whole body and incident type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 464 817 participants (207 286 men and 257 531 women, mean age 56.5 ± 8.2 and 56.2 ± 8.0 years old, respectively) free of diabetes at baseline were included in this prospective cohort study with UK Biobank data. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device (Tanita BC 418MA). FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, arm, leg and trunk). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the aforementioned associations among men and women. Interaction analyses were performed between FMRs and body mass index (BMI) categories (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).ResultsOver the median 11.0 years (5 057 534 person‐years) of follow‐up, we documented 11 618 cases of type 2 diabetes. There was a significantly positive association between total and regional FMR and incident type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting for BMI and other covariates. Compared with other body parts, FMRs of the whole body and leg showed the strongest relationship among men and women, respectively (hazard ratio per 1 SD, 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 1.55–1.80; 1.45, 1.39–1.53). A significant interaction (P for interaction < 0.001) between BMI category and FMRs of different body parts was observed. In the stratified analysis by BMI category and tertiles of FMRs, overweight/obese individuals with a high FMR tertile tended to have the highest hazard ratio, ranging from 5.91 to 7.94 in whole body and regional areas.ConclusionsIn this large prospective study, higher total and regional FMRs were associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independent of BMI. This association was markedly strengthened in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.
Extracellular vesicles from adipose tissue‐derived stem cells alleviate osteoporosis through osteoprotegerin and miR‐21‐5p
Authors: Lee Kyoung Soo , Lee Jeongmi , Kim Hark Kyun , Yeom Seung Ho , Woo Chang Hee , Jung Youn Jae , Yun Ye Eun , Park So Young , Han Jihoon , Kim Eunae , Sul Jae Hoon , Jung Jae Min , Park Jae Hyung , Choi Ji Suk , Cho Yong Woo , Jo Dong‐Gyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is one of the most common skeletal disorders caused by the imbalance between bone formation and resorption, resulting in quantitative loss of bone tissue. Since stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are growing attention as novel cell‐free therapeutics that have advantages over parental stem cells, the therapeutic effects of EVs from adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ASC‐EVs) on osteoporosis pathogenesis were investigated. ASC‐EVs were isolated by a multi‐filtration system based on the tangential flow filtration (TFF) system and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, flow cytometry, cytokine arrays, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. EVs are rich in growth factors and cytokines related to bone metabolism and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) migration. In particular, osteoprotegerin (OPG), a natural inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), was highly enriched in ASC‐EVs. We found that the intravenous administration of ASC‐EVs attenuated bone loss in osteoporosis mice. Also, ASC‐EVs significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation of macrophages and promoted the migration of bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs). However, OPG‐depleted ASC‐EVs did not show anti‐osteoclastogenesis effects, demonstrating that OPG is critical for the therapeutic effects of ASC‐EVs. Additionally, small RNA sequencing data were analysed to identify miRNA candidates related to anti‐osteoporosis effects. miR‐21‐5p in ASC‐EVs inhibited osteoclast differentiation through Acvr2a down‐regulation. Also, let‐7b‐5p in ASC‐EVs significantly reduced the expression of genes related to osteoclastogenesis. Finally, ASC‐EVs reached the bone tissue after they were injected intravenously, and they remained longer. OPG, miR‐21‐5p, and let‐7b‐5p in ASC‐EVs inhibit osteoclast differentiation and reduce gene expression related to bone resorption, suggesting that ASC‐EVs are highly promising as cell‐free therapeutic agents for osteoporosis treatment.
Limited role of the spleen in a mouse model of trained immunity: Impact on neutrophilia
Authors: Ferreira Anaísa V , Uijen Rienke F , Bulut Ozlem , de Jonge Marien I , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Netea Mihai G 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTrained immunity is a de facto memory of innate immune cells, resulting in a long-term increase in innate host defense mechanisms after infection. The long-term heterologous protection conferred by trained immunity is mediated through epigenetic and functional reprogramming of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Because the spleen is a reservoir of undifferentiated monocytes and is considered the prime organ for extramedullary hematopoiesis, we investigated the role of the spleen in the establishment of trained immunity. A β-glucan-induced trained immunity mouse model was performed in previously sham-operated or splenectomized animals. Removal of the spleen did not modulate the proinflammatory cytokine production of in vivo trained peritoneal cells, nor did it ablate the increased percentage of proinflammatory circulatory monocytes and natural killer cells seen in trained animals. However, spleen removal prevented neutrophilia, an important characteristic of trained immunity. These data point to a limited role of the spleen in trained immunity. The pathophysiologic relevance of the spleen in the induction of neutrophilia during trained immunity remains to be fully explored.