bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fishing and habitat condition differentially affect size spectra slopes of coral reef fishes
Authors: Carvalho Paul G. , Setiawan Fakhrizal , Fahlevy Karizma , Subhan Beginer , Madduppa Hawis , Zhu Guangyu , Humphries Austin T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMarine food webs are structured through a combination of top‐down and bottom‐up processes. In coral reef ecosystems, fish size is related to life‐history characteristics and size‐based indicators can represent the distribution and flow of energy through the food web. Thus, size spectra can be a useful tool for investigating the impacts of both fishing and habitat condition on the health and productivity of coral reef fisheries. In addition, coral reef fisheries are often data‐limited and size spectra analysis can be a relatively cost‐effective and simple method for assessing fish populations. Abundance size spectra are widely used and quantify the relationship between organism size and relative abundance. Previous studies that have investigated the impacts of fishing and habitat condition together on the size distribution of coral reef fishes, however, have aggregated all fishes regardless of taxonomic identity. This leads to a poor understanding of how fishes with different feeding strategies, body size‐abundance relationships, or catchability might be influenced by top‐down and bottom‐up drivers. To address this gap, we quantified size spectra slopes of carnivorous and herbivorous coral reef fishes across three regions of Indonesia representing a gradient in fishing pressure and habitat conditions. We show that fishing pressure was the dominant driver of size spectra slopes such that they became steeper as fishing pressure increased, which was due to the removal of large‐bodied fishes. When considering fish functional groups separately, however, carnivore size spectra slopes were more heavily impacted by fishing than herbivores. Also, structural complexity, which can mediate predator‐prey interactions and provisioning of resources, was a relatively important driver of herbivore size spectra slopes such that slopes were shallower in more complex habitats. Our results show that size spectra slopes can be used as indicators of fishing pressure on coral reef fishes, but aggregating fish regardless of trophic identity or functional role overlooks differential impacts of fishing pressure and habitat condition on carnivore and herbivore size distributions.
Development of SiC merged reverse conductive devices
Authors: Sugawara Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSiC merged reverse conductive (MRC) power devices composed of both unipolar devices and bipolar devices have been developed to achieve a smaller chip size, a lower power loss, and a higher reliability. SiC MRC power devices such as SiC MRC‐MOSFET and SiC MRC‐IGBT can achieve this performance, but have the problems of on‐voltage degradation and a large snap‐back voltage. The former has been solved by the newly developed majority carrier heating‐TEDREC (MaCH‐TEDREC) method and the latter has been solved by both the newly developed double buffer device structure and novel standard cells with pilot IGBT.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Alter the Hepatic Expression of Genes Involved in Sanderling (Calidris alba) Pre-migratory Fueling
Authors: Bianchini Kristin , Crump Doug , Farhat Amani , Morrissey Christy A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) impaired pre-migratory fueling in 49 orally dosed Sanderling (Calidris alba). In the present study, 8 genes related to fat deposition and PAH exposure were measured in liver subsamples from these same shorebirds. At the highest dose (1260 µg total PAH [tPAH]/kg body wt/day), PAH exposure decreased liver basic fatty acid binding protein 1 (Lbfabp) and hepatic lipase (Lipc) expression. The present study reveals candidate molecular-level pathways for observed avian pre-migratory refueling impairment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1981–1989. © 2021 SETAC
Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in the Transboundary Vecht River (Germany and The Netherlands)
Authors: Duarte Daniel J. , Niebaum Gunnar , Lämmchen Volker , van Heijnsbergen Eri , Oldenkamp Rik , Hernández-Leal Lucia , Schmitt Heike , Ragas Ad M. J. , Klasmeier Jörg 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Millions of people rely on active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to prevent and cure a wide variety of illnesses in humans and animals, which has led to a steadily increasing consumption of APIs across the globe and concurrent releases of APIs into the environment. In the environment, APIs can have a detrimental impact on wildlife, particularly aquatic wildlife. Therefore, it is essential to assess their potential adverse effects to aquatic ecosystems. The European Water Framework Directive sets out that risk assessment should be performed at the catchment level, crossing borders where needed. The present study defines ecological risk profiles for surface water concentrations of 8 APIs (carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, cyclophosphamide, diclofenac, erythromycin, 17α-ethinylestradiol, metformin, and metoprolol) in the Vecht River, a transboundary river that crosses several German and Dutch regions. Ultimately, 3 main goals were achieved: 1) the geo-referenced estimation of API concentrations in surface water using the geography-referenced regional exposure assessment tool for European rivers; 2) the derivation of new predicted-no-effect concentrations for 7 of the studied APIs, of which 3 were lower than previously derived values; and 3) the creation of detailed spatially explicit ecological risk profiles of APIs under 2 distinct water flow scenarios. Under average flow conditions, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and 17α-ethinylestradiol were systematically estimated to surpass safe ecological concentration thresholds in at least 68% of the catchment's water volume. This increases to 98% under dry summer conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:648–662. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC
Abstract
Spatially explicit environmental pharmaceutical risk profiles in the Vecht River basin under 2 climate condition scenarios.
Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) elastin hydrolysate‐derived peptides attenuate UVA irradiation‐induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes
Authors: Amakye William Kwame , Yang Liu , Yao Maojin , Yuan Erdong , Ren Ruiwen , Ren Jiaoyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe aimed to identify skipjack elastin hydrolysate‐derived peptides, and explore its mechanism of photoprotection against ultraviolet A (UVA) induced skin damage. Two peptides, TGVLTVM (peptide A) and NHIINGW (peptide B), were successfully identified using Sephadex G‐15, analyzed and detected using LC‐MS/MS fitted with electrospray ionization (ESI‐MS/MS), and further synthesized using the Fmoc strategy. A UVA radiation‐induced damage cell model of Human keratinocytes cell line (HaCaT) was established and applied. We found that both peptides significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, reversed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 12.40%–13.13% and 10.80%–12.90% and reduced cell apoptosis by 3.43%–6.44%, and 4.56%–6.03% for peptide A and B, respectively, compared to the UVA model group. In conclusion, peptides TGVLTVM and NHIINGW protected against UVA‐induced photoaging through the attenuation of oxidative stress, thus both peptides might be useful as promising ingredients in sunscreens or antiaging cosmetic products.
Wetting boundary conditions for multicomponent pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann
Authors: Coelho Rodrigo C. V. , Moura Catarina B. , Telo da Gama Margarida M. , Araújo Nuno A. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe implementation of boundary conditions is among the most challenging parts of modeling fluid flow through channels and complex media. Here, we show that the existing methods to deal with liquid‐wall interactions using multicomponent Lattice Boltzmann are accurate when the wall is aligned with the main axes of the lattice but fail otherwise. To solve this problem, we extend a strategy previously developed for multiphase models. As an example, we study the coalescence of two droplets on a curved surface in two dimensions. The strategy proposed here is of special relevance for binary flows in complex geometries.
Unsteady bioconvective squeezing flow with higher‐order chemical reaction and second‐order slip effects
Authors: Acharya Nilankush , Bag Raju , Kundu Prabir Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this investigation, the foremost aim is to study the impact of a higher‐order chemical reaction and second‐order slip on the bioconvective nanoliquid flow comprising gyrotactic microorganisms between two squeezed parallel plates. The existence of magnetic strength, thermophoretic, and Brownian migration is considered to model the flow. Similarity transformations are implemented to reduce our mathematical model into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations along with the requisite boundary conditions. The classical Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method technique is employed to avail the numerical outcomes of the aforementioned nonlinear foremost equations correlated with the relevant boundary conditions. Parametric flow discussions, like, velocity profile, thermal profile, and heat and mass transport, have been portrayed through indispensable charts and graphs. Physical quantities, like, skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganism density number, have been estimated to analyze their numerous applications. The results communicate that temperature diminishes for squeezing factor and first‐order velocity slip parameter, but augments for second‐order slip parameter. Mass transport accelerates for chemical reaction but reduces for the order of reaction. Microorganism density number amplifies owing to chemical reaction and Peclet number while it decays for chemical reaction. This has advantageous applications in bio‐micro‐systems, bioreactors, biosensors, biochromatography, magnetic bioseparation devices, biocoating, and ecological fuels.
Multi‐scale decomposition‐based CT‐MR neurological image fusion using optimized bio‐inspired spiking neural model with meta‐heuristic optimization
Authors: Das Manisha , Gupta Deep , Radeva Petia , Bakde Ashwini M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMulti‐modal medical image fusion plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and works as an assistance model for clinicians. In this paper, a computed tomography‐magnetic resonance (CT‐MR) image fusion model is proposed using an optimized bio‐inspired spiking feedforward neural network in different decomposition domains. First, source images are decomposed into base (low‐frequency) and detail (high‐frequency) layer components. Low‐frequency subbands are fused using texture energy measures to capture the local energy, contrast, and small edges in the fused image. High‐frequency coefficients are fused using firing maps obtained by pixel‐activated neural model with the optimized parameters using three different optimization techniques such as differential evolution, cuckoo search, and gray wolf optimization, individually. In the optimization model, a fitness function is computed based on the edge index of resultant fused images, which helps to extract and preserve sharp edges available in the source CT and MR images. To validate the fusion performance, a detailed comparative analysis is presented among the proposed and state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of quantitative and qualitative measures along with computational complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces a significantly better visual quality of fused images meanwhile outperforms the existing methods.
Mobile technology for street trading in Tanzania: A design science research approach for determining user requirements
Authors: Rumanyika Joel , Apiola Mikko , Mramba Nasibu Rajabu , Oyelere Solomon Sunday , Tedre Matti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStreet trading is an economic activity that is conducted by street traders in numerous urban parts of Tanzania. Street traders use mobile technology to search for markets. This study mapped the wants and needs of Tanzanian street traders and their customers in order to better understand the potential and pitfalls of technology to help their trade activities. Qualitative data were collected using in‐depth interviews with 22 street traders and 22 customers. In addition, two focus group discussions with 20 participants, including street traders and customers, were conducted. Data were analyzed through content analysis. The results identified a number of technology wants and needs shared by traders and customers that would ease the customers' access to products they want, and support the traders to promote their products, locate where the users are, support business growth, and predict sales potential. This research study contributes to understanding the technology needs of one marginalized group in Tanzania. The study facilitates discussion on the suitability of design research in the context of informal worker communities, and it points toward a path for design research of information systems that are grounded on the needs and knowledge of end‐users in their communities and contexts of use.
Common myths of glucocorticoid function in ecology and conservation
Authors: Romero L. Michael , Beattie Ursula K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids are popular hormones to measure in both biomedical and ecological studies of stress. Many assumptions used to interpret glucocorticoid results are derived from biomedical data on humans or laboratory rodents, but these assumptions often fail for wild animals under field conditions. We discuss five common assumptions often made about glucocorticoids in ecological and conservation research that are not generally supported by the literature. (1) High acute elevations of glucocorticoids indicate an animal in distress. In fact: because glucocorticoids are needed to survive stressors, elevated concentrations often reflect adequate coping. (2) Low glucocorticoid concentrations indicate a healthy animal. In fact: because glucocorticoids are important in responding to stressors, low glucocorticoid concentrations might indicate the lack of adequate coping. (3) Sustained elevated glucocorticoids indicate chronically stressed animals. In fact: glucocorticoid concentrations by themselves have no predictive value in diagnosing chronic stress. (4) Glucocorticoids mobilize energy to survive short‐term stressors such as predator attacks. In fact: glucocorticoids' primary impact on energy regulation is to remove glucose transporters from cell surfaces. Not only is this process too slow to provide short‐term energy, but glucocorticoid‐induced increases in glucose reflect decreased, not increased, glucose utilization. (5) Glucocorticoid measurements in non‐blood tissues (e.g., feces, hair, feathers, etc.) are equivalent to blood concentrations. In fact: these alternative tissues present imperfect reflections of blood concentrations, and it is blood concentrations that interact with receptors to evoke biological change. In summary, proper consideration of these common assumptions will greatly aid in interpreting glucocorticoid data from ecological and conservation studies.
Endovascular management of portal steal syndrome due to portosystemic shunts after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Jajodia Surabhi , Khandelwal Anubhav H , Khandelwal Rohit , Kapoor Abhay K , Baijal Sanjay S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAfter liver transplant, pre‐existent porto‐systemic shunts (PSS) may persist, causing “portal steal,” leading to graft dysfunction, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and eventual rejection. In recipients of small‐for‐size transplant liver grafts, shunts may be created intraoperatively, facilitating diversion of portal flow to systemic circulation to avoid ill‐effects of portal overperfusion. These iatrogenic shunts may also subsequently lead to portal steal. We aim to evaluate safety and efficacy of endovascular techniques in management of portal steal due to PSSs in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2020, we encountered five LDLT recipients with large PSS, who presented with graft dysfunction and/or HE. One patient had a surgically created shunt and four had spontaneous shunts, not surgically ligated during transplant. Endovascular techniques including plug‐assisted or balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (PARTO/BRTO) or covered inferior vena cava (IVC) stent grafts were to occlude these PSS and counter the portal steal in all patients. Technical success and clinical outcomes at 1‐year‐follow‐up were assessed.ResultsImaging showed large PSS causing portal steal syndrome in all five patients. IVC stent graft was used to isolate the shunt in two patients and PARTO/BARTO was performed in three patients. One patient had guarded prognosis due to multiple organ dysfunction and died 5 days after endovascular procedure. At 1‐year follow up, graft functions normalized in four patients with no recurrence of HE. No procedure‐related complications were seen.ConclusionEndovascular techniques can be safely and effectively used to counter portal steal syndrome in LDLT recipients, thus avoiding surgical re‐exploration in these patients.
Long non‐coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion via targeting miR‐134 in retinoblastoma
Authors: Wang Lei , Yi Sisi , Wang Runze , Wang Jianwen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert a significant role in carcinogenesis. lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 is detected in many tumors and is considered as an oncogene. The expression and mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 in retinoblastoma (Rb) are not clearly elucidated.MethodsKCNQ1OT1, miR‐134 and TRIM44 mRNA expression were examined by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Proliferation, migration and invasion of Weri‐Rb1 and Y79 cells were tested by cell counting kit‐8, colony formation, scratch and transwell assays. Meanwhile, the regulatory relationships among KCNQ1OT1, miR‐134 and TRIM44 were clarified by several biological experiments, including dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, subcellular distribution, qRT‐PCR and western blotting.ResultslncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was up‐regulated in Rb tissues and Rb cell lines. In addition, the expression of KCNQ1OT1 was negatively correlated with the disease‐free survival rate of RB patients. Silencing KCNQ1OT1 could significantly inhibit the RB progression in vivo and in vitro. The analysis of the mechanism of KCNQ1OT1 showed that KCNQ1OT1 can sponge miR‐134, and miR‐134 may inhibit TRIM44 expression. Moreover, the rescue assays showed that KCNQ1OT1 promoted RB progression by regulating the miR‐134/TRIM44 pathway.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that a new KCNQ1OT1/miR‐134/TRIM44 pathway regulates Rb progression. It may be used as a potential prognostic marker for Rb.
Trihydroxycholanoyl‐taurine in brains of rodents with hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Schnelle Amy N. W. , Richardson Luke T. , Pettit Michael E. , DeMorrow Sharon , Solouki Touradj 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neurological disease resulting from liver failure, is difficult to manage and its causes are unclear. Bile acids have been postulated to be involved in the provenance and progression of various diseases including HE. Hence, the characterization of bile acid profiles in the brains of subjects with and without liver failure can provide important clues for the potential treatment of HE. Nanoflow ultra‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐IM‐MS) is a highly sensitive method for detection of specific molecules, such as bile acids in brain samples, at biologically relevant concentrations. We used UPLC‐ESI‐IM‐MS to characterize bile acid profiles in brain samples from seven “healthy” control rodents and 22 “diseased” rodents with liver failure (i.e., induced HE). An isomer of trihydroxycholanoyl‐taurine was detected in brain tissue samples from both rats and mice with induced HE; however, this isomer was not detected in the brains of healthy rats and mice. Our findings were confirmed by comparing IM arrival times (AT), exact mass measurements (m/z), and mass spectral fragmentation patterns of the experimentally observed suspected species to standards of trihydroxycholanoyl‐taurine isomers. Moreover, In Silico Fractionation was employed to provide an additional analytical dimension to verify bile acid identifications.
Genotyping and sequence characterization of the NSP4 gene of human group A rotavirus strains in Northern Iran
Authors: Khalkhali Parinaz , Khavandegar Armin , Mozhgani Sayed‐Hamidreza , Teimoori Ali , Moradi Abdolvahhab , Ajorloo Mehdi , Lorestani Nazanin , Kaveh Kimia , Akbar Soroush , Razavi Nikoo Hadi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRotavirus is known to be responsible for remarkable numbers of severe diarrheal episodes and even death in infants and young children. In this study, we aimed to survey genetic diversity and variation analysis of viroporin, which is encoded by the rotavirus NSP4 segment. Thirty‐five rotavirus‐positive specimens were obtained, and RNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification were performed. After the sequencing process, four specimens were excluded, and the final 31 samples remained for genetic diversity and variation analysis. The predominant single G/P combination was G1P[8] (~78%), followed by G2P[8] (~13%), and equal percentages (3%) of G2P[4], G3P[8], and G‐non‐typeable‐P[8]. Further analyses revealed that variations could be found in the three regions of NSP4, including VP4 binding site (aa 112–146), double‐layered particle binding site (aa 161–175), and finally, in the predicted amphipathic alpha‐helix. Phylogenic tree analysis demonstrated that the mentioned samples clustered with genotype E1 and E2 reference sequences. As previously reported in the literature, in this study, it was revealed that no apparent correlation exists in the deduced amino acid sequences corresponding to this region between the rotaviruses collected from patients with and without diarrhea.