bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of functional and discrete data analysis regimes for Raman spectra
Authors: Houhou Rola , Rösch Petra , Popp Jürgen , Bocklitz Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRaman spectral data are best described by mathematical functions; however, due to the spectroscopic measurement setup, only discrete points of these functions are measured. Therefore, we investigated the Raman spectral data for the first time in the functional framework. First, we approximated the Raman spectra by using B-spline basis functions. Afterwards, we applied the functional principal component analysis followed by the linear discriminant analysis (FPCA-LDA) and compared the results with those of the classical principal component analysis followed by the linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). In this context, simulation and experimental Raman spectra were used. In the simulated Raman spectra, normal and abnormal spectra were used for a classification model, where the abnormal spectra were built by shifting one peak position. We showed that the mean sensitivities of the FPCA-LDA method were higher than the mean sensitivities of the PCA-LDA method, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is low and the shift of the peak position is small. However, for a higher signal-to-noise ratio, both methods performed equally. Additionally, a slight improvement of the mean sensitivity could be shown if the FPCA-LDA method was applied to experimental Raman data.
In situ approaches show the limitation of the spoilage potential of Juniperus phoenicea L. essential oil against cold-tolerant Pseudomonas fluorescens KM24
Authors: Myszka Kamila , Tomaś Natalia , Wolko Łukasz , Szwengiel Artur , Grygier Anna , Nuc Katarzyna , Majcher Małgorzata 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of juniper essential oil (EO), α-pinene, and sabinene on the quorum-sensing (QS)–mediated proteolytic and lipolytic properties of Pseudomonas fluorescens KM24. These activities were verified under in situ conditions, in which sub-MICs of the agents altered the morphology of KM24 cells. RNA-Seq studies revealed key coding sequences (CDSs)/genes related to QS and the proteolytic/lipolytic activities of pseudomonads. In this work, all the examined agents decreased autoinducer synthesis and influenced the mRNA expression of the encoding acyltransferase genes lptA, lptD, and plsB. The highest reduction on the 3rd and 5th days of cultivation was observed for the genes lptD (−5.5 and −5.61, respectively) and lptA (−3.5 and −4.0, respectively) following treatment with EO. Inhibition of the lptA, lptD, and plsB genes by singular constituents of EO was on average, from −0.4 to −0.7. At 5 days of cultivation the profile of AHLs of the reference P. fluorescens KM24 strain consisted of 3-oxo-C14-HSL, 3-oxo-C6-HSL, C4-HSL, and N-[(RS)-3-hydroxybutyryl]-HSL, the concentrations of which were 0.570, 0.018, 3.744, and 0.554 μg ml−1, respectively. Independent of the incubation time, EO, α-pinene, and sabinene also suppressed the protease genes prlC (−1.5, −0.5, and −0.5, respectively) and ctpB (−1.5, −0.7, and −0.4, respectively). Lipolysis and transcription of the lipA/lipB genes were downregulated by the agents on average from −0.3 to −0.6. α-Pinene- and sabinene-rich juniper EO acts as an anti-quorum-sensing agent and can repress the spoilage phenotype of pseudomonads.

Key points:

Juniper EO, α-pinene, sabinene exhibited anti-QS potential toward KM24.

RNA-Seq revealed key CDSs/genes related to QS/proteolytic/lipolytic activities of KM24.

Agents at sub-MIC levels influenced the mRNA expression of QS/lipase/protease genes.
Food democracy: possibilities under the frame of the current food system
Authors: López Cifuentes Marta , Gugerell Christina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFood democracy is a concept with growing influence in food research. Food democracy deals with how actors may regain democratic control over the food system enabling its sustainable transformation. Following multi-level perspective framework's connotations, food democracy research has so far mainly focused on the niche level of the food system. An integrative approach that includes the perspectives of both the regime and the niche is still missing. This study addresses this research gap and proposes a new conceptual framework for food democracy that includes actors from the niche and the regime level. Furthermore, we apply our conceptual framework to the urban food system of Vienna (Austria) to explore the deeper meaning and practice of food democracy. Finally, we have conducted semi-structured interviews with actors at niche level (10) and regime level (25) within Vienna’s urban food system. Findings from this research broaden the perspective on food democracy and illustrate actors’ contributions at niche and regime level such as promoting organic food, re-localizing food provision, and procuring environmentally sustainable public food. Barriers to food democracy were also identified, e.g.: actors’ self-enhancement values, market-orientation, and capitalist alignment or lack of transparency. We conclude that actors at the niche and, to some extent, at the regime level may contribute to a process of on-going changes that fosters a transformation of established structures within the food system.
The Simple Connectedness of Tame Algebras with Separating Almost Cyclic Coherent Auslander–Reiten Components
Authors: Malicki Piotr 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the simple connectedness of the class of finite-dimensional algebras over an algebraically closed field for which the Auslander–Reiten quiver admits a separating family of almost cyclic coherent components. We show that a tame algebra in this class is simply connected if and only if its first Hochschild cohomology space vanishes.
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on financial markets: a seismologic approach
Authors: Spelta Alessandro , Pecora Nicolò , Flori Andrea , Giudici Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work investigates financial volatility cascades generated by SARS-CoV-2 related news using concepts developed in the field of seismology. We analyze the impact of socio-economic and political announcements, as well as of financial stimulus disclosures, on the reference stock markets of the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, France, Germany and Italy. We quantify market efficiency in processing SARS-CoV-2 related news by means of the observed Omori power-law exponents and we relate these empirical regularities to investors’ behavior through the lens of a stylized Agent-Based financial market model. The analysis reveals that financial markets may underreact to the announcements by taking a finite time to re-adjust prices, thus moving against the efficient market hypothesis. We observe that this empirical regularity can be related to the speculative behavior of market participants, whose willingness to switch toward better performing investment strategies, as well as their degree of reactivity to price trend or mispricing, can induce long-lasting volatility cascades.
Can Creativity Be a Collective Virtue? Insights for the Ethics of Innovation
Authors: Astola Mandi , Bombaerts Gunter , Spahn Andreas , Royakkers Lambèr 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVirtue accounts of innovation ethics have recognized the virtue of creativity as an admirable trait in innovators. However, such accounts have not paid sufficient attention to the way creativity functions as a collective phenomenon. We propose a collective virtue account to supplement existing virtue accounts. We base our account on Kieran’s definition of creativity as a virtue and distinguish three components in it: creative output, mastery and intrinsic motivation. We argue that all of these components can meaningfully be attributed to innovation groups. This means that we can also attribute the virtue of creativity to group agents involved in innovation. Recognizing creativity as a collective virtue in innovation is important because it allows for a more accurate evaluation of how successful innovation generally happens. The innovator who takes a collective virtue account of creativity seriously will give attention to the facilitation of an environment where the group can flourish collectively, rather than only nurturing the individual genius.
Chronic Oral Anticoagulation and Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Bottino Roberta , D’Andrea Antonello , Silverio Angelo , Di Maio Marco , Golino Paolo , Nigro Gerardo , Valsecchi Orazio , Attena Emilio , Canonico Mario Enrico , Galasso Gennaro , Parodi Guido , Scudiero Fernando 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The clinical course of COVID-19 may be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and thromboembolic events, which are associated with high risk of mortality. Although previous studies reported a lower rate of death in patients treated with heparin, the potential benefit of chronic oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between OAT with the risk of ARDS and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods
This is a multicenter retrospective Italian study including consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from March 1 to April 22, 2020, at six Italian hospitals. Patients were divided into two groups according to the chronic assumption of oral anticoagulants.

Results
Overall, 427 patients were included; 87 patients (19%) were in the OAT group. Of them, 54 patients (13%) were on treatment with non-vitamin k oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and 33 (8%) with vitamin-K antagonists (VKAs). OAT patients were older and had a higher rate of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease compared to No-OAT group. The rate of ARDS at admission (26% vs 28%, P=0.834), or developed during the hospitalization (9% vs 10%, P=0.915), was similar between study groups; in-hospital mortality (22% vs 26%, P=0.395) was also comparable. After balancing for potential confounders by using the propensity score matching technique, no differences were found in term of clinical outcome between OAT and No-OAT patients

Conclusion
Oral anticoagulation therapy, either NOACs or VKAs, did not influence the risk of ARDS or death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Evolutionary entrepreneurial ecosystems: a research pathway
Authors: Cho Daniel Sunghwan , Ryan Paul , Buciuni Giulio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe recent widespread interest of policy in entrepreneurial ecosystems has been complemented by a burgeoning academic research output. This research to date may be broadly categorized as focusing on place, actors, governance, and evolution. Of these groupings, evolutionary processes have been paid least attention despite their centrality to a dynamic ecosystem phenomenon that evolves from an origin through processes of growth, adaptation, and resilience. To redress this imbalance, we frame a future research agenda on evolutionary processes of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Foremost amongst these are the competing lens for the evolutionary processes, the appropriate and evolving geographic scope and boundaries of the ecosystem, and the evolving visible or invisible modes of governance. Methodologically, we call for greater use of longitudinal studies of such evolutionary processes.
Formation of Isolated Radio Type II Bursts at Low Frequencies
Authors: Pohjolainen Silja , Talebpour Sheshvan Nasrin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe first appearance of radio type II burst emission at decameter-hectometer (DH) waves typically occurs in connection, and often simultaneously, with other types of radio emissions. As type II bursts are signatures of propagating shock waves that are associated with flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), a rich variety of radio emissions can be expected. However, sometimes DH type II bursts appear in the dynamic spectra without other or earlier radio signatures. One explanation for them could be that the flare-CME launch happens on the far side of the Sun, and the emission is observed only when the source gets high enough in the solar atmosphere. In this study we have analysed 26 radio type II bursts that started at DH waves and were well-separated (‘isolated’) from other radio emission features. These bursts were identified from all DH type II bursts observed in 1998 – 2016, and for 12 events we had observations from at least two different viewing angles with the instruments on board Wind and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) satellites. We found that only 30% of the type II bursts had their source origin on the far side of the Sun, but also that no bursts originated from the central region of the Sun (longitudes E30 – W40). Almost all of the isolated DH type II bursts could be associated with a shock near the CME leading front, and only few were determined to be shocks near the CME flank regions. In this respect our result differs from earlier findings. Our analysis, which included inspection of various CME and radio emission characteristics, suggests that the isolated DH type II bursts could be a special subgroup within DH type II bursts, where the radio emission requires particular coronal conditions to form and to die out.
Can sulphur improve the nutrient uptake, partitioning, and seed yield of sesame?
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Zeeshan , Afzal Obaid , Ahmed Mukhtar , Qadir Ghulam , Kheir Ahmed M.S. , Aslam Muhammad Aqeel , Din Atta Mohi Ud , Khan Imran , Hassan Muhammad Jawad , Meraj Tehseen Ahmad , Raza Muhammad Ali , Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSulphur (S) is considered to improve the nutrient uptake of plants due to its synergistic relationship with other nutrients. This could ultimately enhance the seed yield of oilseed crops. However, there is limited quantitative information on nutrient uptake, distribution, and its associated impacts on seed yield of sesame under the S application. Thus, a two-year field study (2018 and 2019) was conducted to assess the impacts of different S treatments (S0 = Control, S20 = 20, S40 = 40, and S60 = 60 kg ha−1) on total dry matter production, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, S uptake and distribution at the mid-bloom stage and physiological maturity. Furthermore, treatment impacts were studied on the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand seed weight, and seed yield at physiological maturity in sesame. Compared to S0, over the years, treatment S40 significantly increased the total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and S (by 13, 22, 11% and 16%, respectively) at physiological maturity, while their distribution by 13, 36, 14, and 24% (in leaves), 12, 15, 11, and 15% (in stems), 15, 42, 18, and 10% (in capsules), and 14, 22, 9, and 15% (in seeds), respectively. Enhanced nutrient uptake and distribution in treatment S40 improved the total biomass accumulation (by 28%) and distribution in leaves (by 34%), stems (by 27%), capsules (by 26%), and seeds (by 28%), at physiological maturity, as compared to S0. Treatment S40 increased the number of capsules per plant (by 13%), number of seeds per capsule (by 11%), and thousand seed weight (by 6%), compared to S0. Furthermore, over the years, relative to control, sesame under S40 had a higher seed yield by 28% and enhanced the net economic returns by 44%. Thus, our results suggest that optimum S level at the time of sowing improves the nutrient uptake and distribution during the plant lifecycle, which ultimately enhances total dry matter accumulation, seed yield, and net productivity of sesame.
ED-XRF analysis of the mediaeval copper-based door in Monte Sant’Angelo (Southern Italy)
Authors: Buccolieri Alessandro , Castellano Alfredo , Iacobellis Vito Nicola , Paladini Fabio , Buccolieri Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work regards the analysis of a copper-based door (dated 1076 AD) located at the entrance to the sanctuary of Monte Sant’Angelo (Southern Italy) by using a non-destructive technique and in situ chemical analysis. The door does not show serious corrosive phenomena and presents several types of decorative elements such as two inlays (of silver and copper colour) and three engravings (of red, black and green colour). A portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometer was used in order to evaluate the chemical composition of the door and of the decorations that adorn the artefact. No sampling or sample preparation was required before the measurements. Preliminary analysis on the materials that make up the door revealed that the panels and the frame of the two sashes are made of the same alloy, while the nails and the handles have a different composition.Graphical abstract
Co‐rumination across in‐person and digital communication: Associations with affect and relationship closeness in adolescents
Authors: Battaglini Ashley M. , Rnic Katerina , Tracy Alison , Jopling Ellen , LeMoult Joelle 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite the prominence of interpersonal emotion regulation, particularly during adolescence, it is a relatively understudied area of investigation. Co‐rumination is an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy that is frequently used by adolescents. Traditional examinations of co‐rumination have focused on its occurrence in person, while largely overlooking digital modes of communication. This study was the first to investigate adolescents’ co‐rumination across multiple communication modalities (i.e., in person, text, social media, phone) and its downstream association with affect and relationship closeness. Specifically, we examined: (1) the frequency of co‐rumination across modalities, (2) the effect of co‐rumination in one modality on the future use of co‐rumination within that same modality (i.e., stability) and across other modalities (i.e., generalization); and (3) the prospective relation of co‐rumination on negative affect, positive affect, and relationship closeness.MethodsAdolescents (n = 71; 33 girls and 38 boys; Mage = 12.70 years) residing in Canada completed twice‐daily diary surveys for 14 days.ResultsFindings indicated that adolescents co‐ruminate across all modes of communication, particularly in person. There also was evidence of co‐rumination stability and generalization over time for some modes of communication (within phone and from social media to in‐person interactions), but not for others. Co‐rumination through text and over the phone had affective and/or social benefits, whereas co‐rumination through social media predicted diminished positive affect. We also identified ways these findings differed by gender.ConclusionsImplications for adolescents’ emotional and social development and the field of co‐rumination are discussed.
Frequency of otitis media with effusion among children aged 1–5 years presenting to immunization center of tertiary care hospitals, Rawalpindi
Authors: Riaz Nida , Ajmal Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Sheharyar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted this study to assess the etiopathogenic relation of otitis media with effusion (OME) in a group of children aged 1–5 years among the local population of Rawalpindi.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional retrospective study. Study was conducted among the children presenting to the immunization center of three tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi. Otitis media was assessed by clinical examination and tympanometry from August 2019 to January 2020. Multi‐factor regression analysis was then applied to recognize the statistical significance and association of various risk factors to OME.ResultsOut of 400 children enrolled in this study, 108 (27.0%) had OME, out of which 65 (60.2%) were males and 30 (27.8%) were of age group 2–3 years. Multivariable regression analysis of risk factors associated with OME showed it was strongly associated with snoring (P < 0.001), last year symptoms (attack of ear aches with hearing loss [P = 0.002]), drugs (URTI antibiotics [P = 0.026], All 3 drugs [P = 0.013]).ConclusionsWe found out that OME is a common disease which if not identified or treated timely can lead to other hard to cure health problems. Control of its etiopathogenic factors can play a major role in its prevention.
Altered Theory of Mind in Parkinson’s Disease and Impact on Caregivers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Giguère-Rancourt Ariane , Plourde Marika , Racine Eva , Couture Marianne , Langlois Mélanie , Dupré Nicolas , Simard Martine 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) includes deficits in theory of mind (ToM). However, associations between ToM and caregiver burden and distress are still unclear. The objective of this pilot study was to preliminarily explore the relation between ToM and caregiver burden and distress in a sample of PD-MCI patients. Twelve PD-MCI patients were evaluated on a ToM task (Faux Pas), whereas their caregivers were assessed on caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview-12 items) and distress (Neuropsychiatric Inventory–Distress). Cognitive ToM was significantly associated with caregiver distress, but caregiver burden was associated with the severity of patient psychiatric symptoms.
Near-Occlusion is a Common Variant of Carotid Stenosis: Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Johansson Elias , Fox Allan J. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:Background:Symptomatic carotid near-occlusion is often described as rare. Recent studies have shown that near-occlusions are overlooked, especially near-occlusion without full collapse (with a small but normal-appearing distal internal carotid artery).Objective:To assess the prevalence of near-occlusion among symptomatic ≥50% carotid stenosis, incidence of symptomatic near-occlusion, and review the literature.Methods:Prospective controlled single-center cross-sectional study. Consecutive cases with symptomatic ≥50% carotid stenosis were examined with computed tomography angiography (CTA). The CTAs were assessed for near-occlusion by two observers. A systematic literature review was performed with emphasis on how study design affects prevalence estimate.Results:Totally, 186 patients with symptomatic ≥50% carotid stenosis were included, 34% (n = 63, 95% CI 27, 41) had near-occlusion. The incidence of symptomatic near-occlusion was 3.4 (95% CI 2.5, 4.2) per 100,000 person-years. Inter-rater κ was 0.71. The average prevalence of near-occlusion among symptomatic ≥50% carotid stenosis was higher in studies with good design (30%, range 27%–34%) than studies without good design (9%, range 2%–10%).Conclusions:Near-occlusion is common variant of symptomatic ≥50% carotid stenosis, both in the current study and in all previous studies of good design. Studies that suggest that near-occlusion is rare have had methodological issues.
Improving antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis in the ambulatory setting using a multifaceted approach
Authors: Chung Philip , Nailon Regina , Ashraf M. Salman , Bergman Scott , Micheels Teresa , Rupp Mark E. , Schwedhelm Michelle , Tierney Maureen , Tyner Kate , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Marcelin Jasmine R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAntibiotics are frequently prescribed inappropriately for acute respiratory infections in the outpatient setting. We report the implementation of a multifaceted outpatient antimicrobial stewardship initiative resulting in a 12.3% absolute reduction of antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis in primary care clinics receiving active interventions.