bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High immature platelet fraction with reduced platelet count on hospital admission. Can it be useful for COVID‐19 diagnosis?
Authors: Introcaso Giovanni , Bonomi Alice , Salvini Laura , D’Errico Tiziana , Cattaneo Annalisa , Assanelli Emilio , Barbieri Silvia Stella , Biondi Maria Luisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionHealth professions are heavily engaged facing the current threat of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19). Although there are many diagnostic tools, an accurate and rapid laboratory procedure for diagnosing COVID‐19 is recommended. We focused on platelet parameters as the additional biomarkers for clinical diagnosis in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).Materials and MethodsFive hundred and sixty‐one patients from February to April 2020 have been recruited. Patients were divided into three groups: (N = 50) COVID‐19 positive and (N = 21) COVID‐19 negative with molecular testing, (N = 490) as reference population without molecular testing. A Multiplex rRT‐PCR from samples collected by nasopharyngeal swabs was performed and the hematological data collected.ResultsWe detected a mild anemia in COVID‐19 group and lymphopenia against reference population: hemoglobin (g/dL) 13.0 (11.5‐14.8) versus 13.9 (12.8‐15.0) (P = .0135); lymphocytes (109/L) 1.24 (0.94‐1.73) versus 1.99 (1.49‐2.64) (P < .0001). In addition, abnormal platelet parameters as follows (COVID group vs reference population): PLT (×109/L) 209 (160‐258) vs 236 (193‐279) (P = .0239). IPF (%) 4.05 (2.5‐5.9) versus 3.4 (2.2‐4.9) (P = .0576); H‐IPF (%) 1.25 (0.8‐2.2) versus 0.95 (0.6‐1.5) (P = .0171) were identified. In particular, COVID positive group had a high H‐IPF/IPF Ratio compared to reference population [0.32 (0.29‐0.36) versus 0.29 (0.26‐0.32), respectively, (P = .0003)]. Finally, a PLT difference of nearly 50 × 109/L between pre/postCOVID‐19 sampling for each patient was found (N = 42) (P = .0194).ConclusionsCOVID‐19 group results highlighted higher IPF and H‐IPF values, with increased H‐IPF/IPF Ratio, associated to PLT count reduction. These findings shall be adopted for a timely diagnosis of patients upon hospital admission.
Introducing a supervised alternative to forced‐choice personality scoring: A test of validity and resistance to faking
Authors: Speer Andrew B. , Delacruz Angie Y. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines a new personality assessment scoring approach labeled supervised forced choice scoring (SFCS), which aims to maximize construct validity of forced choice (FC) personality assessments. SFCS maximally weights FC responses to predict or “reproduce” honest, normative, and reliable personality scores using machine learning. In this proof of concept study, a graded response FC assessment was tested across several samples, and SFCS resulted in psychometric improvements over traditional FC scoring. Correlations with aligned single‐stimulus trait scores (taken honestly) were strong, both when the FC measure was taken honestly and when taken in induced applicant settings. SFCS scores also exhibited small shifts in average scores between honest and faked conditions and were predictive of organizational citizenship behaviors, employee engagement, and leadership emergence at work. Although SFCS showed merit in this proof of concept study, it is unclear how well results will generalize to new FC measures, and we urge more research on this scoring method.
The role of neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bidesi Natasha S. R. , Vang Andersen Ida , Windhorst Albert D. , Shalgunov Vladimir , Herth Matthias M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Two hallmarks of PD are the accumulation of alpha‐synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. There is no cure for PD, and all existing treatments focus on alleviating the symptoms. PD diagnosis is also based on the symptoms, such as abnormalities of movement, mood, and cognition observed in the patients. Molecular imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) can detect objective alterations in the neurochemical machinery of the brain and help diagnose and study neurodegenerative diseases. This review addresses the application of functional MRI, PET, and SPECT in PD patients. We provide an overview of the imaging targets, discuss the rationale behind target selection, the agents (tracers) with which the imaging can be performed, and the main findings regarding each target's state in PD. Molecular imaging has proven itself effective in supporting clinical diagnosis of PD and has helped reveal that PD is a heterogeneous disorder, which has important implications for the development of future therapies. However, the application of molecular imaging for early diagnosis of PD or for differentiation between PD and atypical parkinsonisms has remained challenging. The final section of the review is dedicated to new imaging targets with which one can detect the PD‐related pathological changes upstream from dopaminergic degeneration. The foremost of those targets is alpha‐synuclein. We discuss the progress of tracer development achieved so far and challenges on the path toward alpha‐synuclein imaging in humans.
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Increased serum delta neutrophil index levels are associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Eroğlu Hasan , Şahin Uysal Nihal , Sarsmaz Kemal , Tonyalı Nazan Vanlı , Codal Bahadır , Yücel Aykan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to compare the maternal serum delta neutrophil index (DNI) levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and healthy pregnancies.MethodsThis study consisted of a group of patients (n = 40) diagnosed with isolated ICP who gave birth in our hospital and a control group (n = 60) between December 1, 2015, and June 30, 2018. The diagnosis of ICP was made based on pruritus and elevated fasting serum bile acids and liver enzymes. Laboratory tests of both groups in the hospitalization process were retrospectively examined. Maternal and neonatal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and DNI values of the two groups were compared. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.ResultsMean maternal serum DNI levels were significantly higher in women with ICP than in the control group (0.49 ± 4.8 vs –3.99 ± 3.02, p = <0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to define the DNI value where ICP can be best predicted.ConclusionDNI, a new inflammatory marker, was found to be higher in women with ICP than in normal pregnancies.
Machine learning to investigate superficial white matter integrity in early multiple sclerosis
Authors: Buyukturkoglu Korhan , Vergara Christopher , Fuentealba Valentina , Tozlu Ceren , Dahan Jacob B. , Carroll Britta E. , Kuceyeski Amy , Riley Claire S. , Sumowski James F. , Oliva Carlos Guevara , Sitaram Ranganatha , Guevara Pamela , Leavitt Victoria M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeThis study aims todetermine the sensitivity of superficial white matter (SWM) integrity as a metric to distinguish early multiple sclerosis (MS) patients from healthy controls (HC).MethodsFractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) values from SWM bundles across the cortex and major deep white matter (DWM) tracts were extracted from 29 early MS patients and 31 age‐ and sex‐matched HC. Thickness of 68 cortical regions and resting‐state functional‐connectivity (RSFC) among them were calculated. The distribution of structural and functional metrics between groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Utilizing a machine learning method (adaptive boosting), 6 models were built based on: 1‐SWM, 2‐DWM, 3‐SWM and DWM, 4‐cortical thickness, or 5‐RSFC measures. In model 6, all features from previous models were incorporated. The models were trained with nested 5‐folds cross‐validation. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCroc) values were calculated to evaluate classification performance of each model. Permutation tests were used to compare the AUCroc values.ResultsPatients had higher MD in SWM bundles including insula, inferior frontal, orbitofrontal, superior and medial temporal, and pre‐ and post‐central cortices (p < .05). No group differences were found for any other MRI metric. The model incorporating SWM and DWM features provided the best classification (AUCroc = 0.75). The SWM model provided higher AUCroc (0.74), compared to DWM (0.63), cortical thickness (0.67), RSFC (0.63), and all‐features (0.68) models (p < .001 for all).ConclusionOur results reveal a non‐random pattern of SWM abnormalities at early stages of MS even before pronounced structural and functional alterations emerge.
Parental migration and care for left‐behind children in Myanmar's Dry Zone
Authors: Teerawichitchainan Bussarawan , Knodel John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMyanmar's population has been on the move at an unprecedented level since 2011. Given the country's lack of data infrastructure, little is known about how parental migration affects children in Myanmar's migration‐source areas. Based on the 2017 Dry Zone Migration Impact Survey, this study examines the extent to which parental migration is associated with the frequency of care provision for left‐behind children and the likelihood that their care needs are adequately met. Results suggest that the negative impacts of parental migration were limited to a small proportion of children whose mothers migrated (regardless of their father's migration). These children received significantly less frequent care and experienced a lower likelihood of having adequate support for daily necessities. Yet, the statistically significant negative associations between maternal migration and children's met needs for emotional and financial support were not found. On the contrary, children with migrant fathers and non‐migrant mothers enjoyed significantly more frequent care than other children. Looking ahead, Myanmar's rising trends in migration, population aging, and female labor force participation can pose new challenges in care provision for left‐behind children. Thus, continual monitoring of migration impacts and changing societal contexts is critical for formulating policies to manage risks associated with migration in developing countries.
What Are the Experiences of People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Receiving Outpatient Mental Health Services in Singapore?
Authors: Ee Jonathan , Lim Jan Mei , Stenfert Kroese Biza , Rose John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of studies that explore the views and experiences of people with neurodevelopmental disorders of their mental health. This study explored the experiences of five adults with neurodevelopmental disorders who receive outpatient mental health services in Singapore.MethodTwo participants attended one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews and three participants attended a focus group. The data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsFour master themes emerged: (1) Sense of self, (2) people who matter to me, (3) having choice and autonomy, and (4) hopes and dreams. Three subthemes were further identified in the second master theme.ConclusionThe themes identified the negative impact of mental illness on self‐esteem and their experiences of receiving specialist mental health service in Singapore. Participants also specified desirable traits of professional staff and expressed a wish to have greater participation in the community through employment. Implications of the findings are discussed in the context of improving services for this population and addressing their psychosocial needs during the treatment process.
Virus infection modulates male sexual behaviour in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: van Sluijs Lisa , Liu Jie , Schrama Mels , van Hamond Sanne , Vromans Sophie P. J. M. , Scholten Marèl H. , Žibrat Nika , Riksen Joost A. G. , Pijlman Gorben P. , Sterken Mark G. , Kammenga Jan E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMating dynamics follow from natural selection on mate choice and individuals maximizing their reproductive success. Mate discrimination reveals itself by a plethora of behaviours and morphological characteristics, each of which can be affected by pathogens. A key question is how pathogens affect mate choice and outcrossing behaviour. Here we investigated the effect of Orsay virus on the mating dynamics of the androdiecious (male and hermaphrodite) nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We tested genetically distinct strains and found that viral susceptibility differed between sexes in a genotype‐dependent manner with males of reference strain N2 being more resistant than hermaphrodites. Males displayed a constitutively higher expression of intracellular pathogen response (IPR) genes, whereas the antiviral RNAi response did not have increased activity in males. Subsequent monitoring of sex ratios over 10 generations revealed that viral presence can change mating dynamics in isogenic populations. Sexual attraction assays showed that males preferred mating with uninfected rather than infected hermaphrodites. Together our results illustrate for the first time that viral infection can significantly affect male mating choice and suggest altered mating dynamics as a novel cause benefitting outcrossing under pathogenic stress conditions in C. elegans.
Expression, prognostic significance and therapeutic implications of PD‐L1 in gliomas
Authors: Vimalathas Gayaththri , Kristensen Bjarne Winther 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe advent of checkpoint immunotherapy, particularly with programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors, has provided ground‐breaking results in several advanced cancers. Substantial efforts are being made to extend these promising therapies to other refractory cancers such as gliomas, especially glioblastoma, which represents the most frequent and malignant glioma and carries an exceptionally grim prognosis. Thus, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies with related biomarkers. Gliomas have a profoundly immunosuppressive tumour micro‐environment and evade immunological destruction by several mechanisms, one being the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules such as PD‐L1. PD‐L1 is recognised as an important therapeutic target and its expression has been shown to hold prognostic value in different cancers. Several clinical trials have been launched and some already completed, but PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors have yet to show convincing clinical efficacy in gliomas. Part of the explanation may reside in the vast molecular heterogeneity of gliomas and a complex interplay within the tumour micro‐environment. In parallel, critical knowledge about PD‐L1 expression is beginning to accumulate including knowledge on expression levels, testing methodology, co‐expression with other checkpoint molecules and prognostic and predictive value. This article reviews these aspects and points out areas where biomarker research is needed to develop more successful checkpoint‐related therapeutic strategies in gliomas.
Individualized care perceptions and moral distress of intensive care nurses
Authors: Işık Meryem Türkan , Yıldırım Gülay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care settings are characterized by their structure, which constantly changes in parallel with scientific and technological developments, the uncertainty of the lifeline between birth and death, the challenges in the fair distribution of limited resources, the participation of individuals in medical decisions, and witnessing the pain experienced by individuals. These characteristics also affect the level of moral distress, which can make it difficult for ICU nurses to provide the most appropriate individualized care for their patients.AimsThe purpose of this study was to determine the moral distress levels and individualized care perceptions of intensive care nurses.Study designThis study employed a cross‐sectional descriptive survey design.MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted with 128 nurses working in the intensive care units of a university hospital in Turkey. Data were collected using an ‘Information Form’, ‘the Moral Distress Scale’, and ‘the Individualized Care Scale‐Nurse Version’.Results78.9% of the nurses stated that there was staff shortage, and 36.0% stated that the physical conditions were not suitable for care in the intensive care units in which they worked. The mean score on the Moral Distress Scale was 79.2 ± 46.4. The mean total score on the Individualized Care Scale‐Nurse Version was 3.5 ± 0.8.ConclusionThis study revealed that the intensive care nurses had moderate levels of moral distress and good levels of individualized care perceptions although there was no significant relationship between their moral distress levels and individualized care perceptions. Also, the nurses adopted care behaviours supporting patients' feelings and autonomy.Relevance to clinical practiceIn our study, the intensive care nurses did not reflect their moderate‐level moral distress in the individualized care provided. It could be beneficial to measure intensive care nurses' moral distress and care levels at frequent intervals so that early precautions could be taken to prevent the accumulation of moral distress and care difficulties among intensive care nurses.
De novo genome assembly and in natura epigenomics reveal salinity‐induced DNA methylation in the mangrove tree Bruguiera gymnorhiza
Authors: Miryeganeh Matin , Marlétaz Ferdinand , Gavriouchkina Daria , Saze Hidetoshi 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Mangroves are adapted to harsh environments, such as high ultraviolet (UV) light, low nutrition, and fluctuating salinity in coastal zones. However, little is known about the transcriptomic and epigenomic basis of the resilience of mangroves due to limited available genome resources.

We performed a de novo genome assembly and in natura epigenome analyses of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza, one of the dominant mangrove species. We also performed the first genome‐guided transcriptome assembly for mangrove species.

The 309 Mb of the genome is predicted to encode 34 403 genes and has a repeat content of 48%. Depending on its growing environment, the natural B. gymnorhiza population showed drastic morphological changes associated with expression changes in thousands of genes. Moreover, high‐salinity environments induced genome‐wide DNA hypermethylation of transposable elements (TEs) in the B. gymnorhiza. DNA hypermethylation was concurrent with the transcriptional regulation of chromatin modifier genes, suggesting robust epigenome regulation of TEs in the B. gymnorhiza genome under high‐salinity environments.

The genome and epigenome data in this study provide novel insights into the epigenome regulation of mangroves and a better understanding of the adaptation of plants to fluctuating, harsh natural environments.
Safety and efficacy of large balloon dilatation under fluoroscopy
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yin Meipan , Wang Meng , Tong Yalin , Zhao Yue , Ma Yaozhen , Li Xiaobing , Xie Pengfei , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe maximum diameter of the balloon used for balloon dilatation(BD) of esophagogastric anastomotic stricture (EAS) is generally 20 millimeters. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BD under fluoroscopy, using balloons with a diameter of 25–30 millimeters. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with benign EAS treated by large BD (balloon diameter, 25–30 mm) under fluoroscopy. The Cox proportional hazards model (PHM) was used to identify the factors associated with stricture‐free survival. The results show that a total of 127 patients were included in this study, and 204 BDs were performed. The technical success rate was 96.6%, and the clinical success rate was 99.2%. The incidence of serious adverse events was 3.4% (7/204). One patient died of massive hemorrhage during BD, and nine patients were lost to follow‐up. For the remaining 117 patients, the median stricture‐free survival period was 14.9 months. In multivariable analysis using the Cox PHM, only balloon diameter was significantly associated with stricture‐free survival. The stricture‐free survival period tended to increase as balloon diameter increased. Large BD under fluoroscopy appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of benign EAS after esophagectomy.
Nutritional status of children with primary immunodeficiency: A single center experience
Authors: Karhan Asuman Nur , Esenboğa Saliha , Gümüş Ersin , Karaatmaca Betül , Cagdas Deniz , Demir Hülya , Saltik Temizel İnci Nur , Özen Hasan , Yüce Aysel , Tezcan İlhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutritional status in primary immunodeficiencies (PID) is a major factor influencing immune defense. We aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with PID.MethodsDemographic findings and anthropometric measurements of 104 patients were recorded for this cross‐sectional study.ResultsCombined immunodeficiencies (n = 49), predominantly antibody deficiencies (n = 28) and phagocytic system disorders (n = 17), were the major disease groups. In total, 44 (42.3%) patients had at least one anthropometric measurement below −2 standard deviations. Chronic, acute, and mixed‐type malnutrition were detected in 18.3%, 16.3%, and 7.7% of the patients, respectively. No significant difference was detected among groups regarding anthropometric measurements however higher malnutrition rates were observed in 'combined immune deficiency less profound than severe combined immuno deficiency' (52%), chronic granulomatous disease (66.6%), and X‐linked agammaglobulinemia (50%) patients. Severe malnutrition was present in 22 (21.2%) of the patients, although it was not significant. It was more common in the phagocytic system disorder group. All patients in the severe combined immunodeficiency group had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 50% of them had malnutrition. There was also no significant difference regarding age, sex, anthropometric indexes (Weight for age, lenght/height for age body mass index Z‐scores), malnutrition types, and prevalence of malnutrition among three major disease groups. Only the hospitalization history inversely related to body mass index and weight for age Z‐scores (P < 0.0001). In patients with malnutrition, daily caloric intake was at least 20% or more below the requirement.ConclusionsRegardless of the type of immunodeficiency, nutritional status was poor in PID and hospitalization is the most important determinant of nutritional status. Even after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, nutritional support should be continued.