bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the exploitation of medicinal plants on biodiversity conservation in Saida and El Bayadh regions, Algeria
Authors: Nasrallah Yahia , Aouadj Sid Ahmed , Khatir Hadj 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish an overview of medicinal plants in the Saida and El Bayadh regions through a survey of herbalists. Our survey included more than 60 herbalists spread over the territory of two Wilayas (provinces), in an area representing more than 3% of Algerian territory. At the same time, and when conditions permitted, families were interviewedand their answers most often guided our survey. In addition, we collected information on: traditional herbalists, the most exploited species, areas of origin, periods and quantities exploited, as well as the influence of this mode of exploitationon present and future biodiversity in these regions. Analysis of the data showed that threats to the biological diversity of medicinal plants mainly included human actions and natural changes. Herbalists practise this trade mostly by inheritance and they are willing to train in the field of herbalism. The frequency of use of medicinal plants as alternative medicine is very important in the social life of populations.
Begonia limprichtii Irmsch. (Begoniaceae) – a new record for India
Authors: Borah Dipankar , Taram Momang , Wahlsteen Eric 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Begonia limprichtii (Begoniaceae) is reported from India for the first time. It belongs to the section Platycentrum and is similar to B. thomsonii, but is overall less hairy with ovary nearly glabrous (versus villous) and upper ovary wing beaked and rounded (versus triangular).
Severe Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy Associated with Influenza-A (H1N1) Infection and Prolonged Respiratory Failure - A Case Report
Authors: Mosora Oana , Barcutean Laura , Balasa Rodica , Fodor Raluca , Maier Smaranda , Bajko Zoltan , Stoian Adina , Motataianu Anca 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN) is an immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system, part of the spectrum of the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). An infectious event most often triggers it reported a few weeks before the onset. The reported case is of a 56 years-old woman who developed acute motor axonal neuropathy three weeks after respiratory infection with influenza A virus subtype H1N1. Despite early treatment with plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulins, the patient remained tetraplegic, mechanically ventilated for five months, with repetitive unsuccessful weaning trails. The probable cause was considered to be phrenic nerve palsy in the context of acute motor axonal neuropathy. This case highlights that acute motor axonal neuropathy is a severe and life-threatening form of Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Neurological and physical recovery strongly depend on the inter-professional effort in an intensive care unit and neurology professionals.
Glacial Landforms as Geodiversity Resources for Geotourism in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Coronato Andrea , Schwarz Soledad , Flores Barrera Flavia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The southern extreme location and the natural landscapes, highly modelled by glaciers during the Quaternary period, give Tierra del Fuego a unique opportunity to attract visitors worldwide. Its glacial landforms are geodiversity resources that are witness to global climate changes as natural processes. Therefore, this study aims to highlight different glacial landforms considering their geodidactic potential for educational information in terms of geographical study. Sixteen georesources connected by routes are analysed, using bibliographic research, fieldwork and a datasheet designed ad-hoc. Four of them were formed during middle Pleistocene glaciations and the other twelve during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), out of which two also represent the Holocene, which happens to be the youngest glaciation.
Effects of post short nap sleep inertia on cognitive and psychomotor task performance
Authors: Bhatt DR , Tripathy NK , Sekhar BM , Divya N 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Sleep inertia, a detrimental effect of daytime nap, may affect cognitive functions following awakening. The present study aimed to assess the effects of sleep inertia on cognitive and psychomotor tasks following short nap of 30 min taken in the afternoon hours, a realistic probability in the aerospace operational environment.

Material and Methods:
In a repetitive measure design, 30 healthy male volunteers having adequate sleep the previous night, were tested for changes in cognitive and psychomotor performance following 30 min of nap after lunch at the Sleep-cum-Group confinement lab. Post nap longitudinal testing for dual task (DT) test and Stroop test was carried out in periodic intervals for 40 min. DT response time (DTRT), DT lag error (DTLE), DT correct clicks (DTCC) and response time difference (Stroop Effect [SE]) were analyzed as performance measures.

Results:
There was a significant increase in DTRT (χ2 =11.13, P = 0.011) in the post-nap period as compared to pre-nap baseline values. No significant changes were observed in other parameters vis DTLE, DTCC, and SE. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the increase of DTRT was significant at 6 min post-nap session; following which the changes were not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Sleep inertia was found to affect speed component of the task rather than accuracy in a post-nap period of 30 min. The effect was significant at 6 min following awakening and after that, the effects got dissipated. Although nap can be an effective strategy for sleep-alertness management, the effects of sleep inertia have to be borne in mind, especially during sustained military operations.
Cardiopulmonary responses to centrifuge simulated parabolic flight
Authors: Harshith HS , Nataraja MS , Dinakar S 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Parabolic flights, by producing short periods of weightlessness, closely simulate microgravity. However, they are still expensive, incur a significant logistics support, and occurrence of any adverse events during such simulation is undesirable. The present study was formulated to explore the feasibility of using a human centrifuge for simulation of parabolic flight to study the cardiopulmonary parameters as an alternative ground-based model.

Material and Methods:
Twelve healthy male volunteers were subjected to simulated parabolic flight, the profile of which involved exposure to 20 repetitions of hypogravity periods (+0.5 Gz), each interposed between periods of hypergravity phases (+2 Gz), using high-performance human centrifuge. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were studied during such a simulation and analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Motion sickness assessment questionnaire was administered to the participants after the run. They were also asked to rate their subjective feeling of weightlessness experienced during the run.

Results:
Comparison of HR revealed a significant difference (F = 22.167, P < 0.001) across 20 loops of different gravity phases. Post hoc analysis revealed that the mean HR of hypergravity phases was significantly higher compared with pre-run 1 G values and that of hypogravity phases. Similarly, HR showed a significant difference across pre-run 1 G, 10th and 20th loops of hypogravity phases (F = 5.672, P = 0.01). Post hoc analysis revealed a significant reduction in HR at 20th loop compared to both pre-run 1 G (P = 0.023) and 10th loop (P = 0.042) values. No significant differences were observed in both RR (F = 1.789, P = 0.148) and SpO2 (F = 1.708, P =0.199) across different gravity phases. The mean overall motion sickness score was found to be 23.6%. Participants rated their subjective feeling of weightlessness between 4 and 6 (mode = 5) on a scale of 1–10.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded from the results that HR increased during hypergravity conditions and reduced during hypogravity conditions, an expected outcome during parabolic flight. The significant reduction in HR during the 20th loop of hypogravity phase compared to 10th loop and pre-run 1 G conditions indicate a possible association with the duration of exposure. The centrifuge simulated parabolic flight profile designed in our study was able to emanate physiological changes similar to those experienced in actual parabolic flight for HR, RR, and SpO2.
Retrospective study of Parajump injuries in Indian Armed Forces
Authors: Pipraiya R , Sashindran VK , Chawla A 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
A number of studies on military and civil parachuting injuries have been published in the past. Most of the studies place the incidence of parachuting injuries to vary between 0.22% and 0.89%. The profile of injuries sustained during jumps by Indian paratroopers from Paratrooper Training School (PTS), Agra, between 2013 and 2019 was analyzed.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of Indian military parachuting injuries was done to assess injury patterns from the records of static line and combat free fall jumps, available at the PTS. The data pertaining to 270 injuries sustained from 256 jumps were analyzed in terms of number of jumps by each paratrooper, type of course/ mission, age, time of the of jump (day/ night), type of parachute used, wind speed at the time of drop, terrain on which the paratrooper landed, the location / part of body injured, the diagnosis, and finally the possible modality of injury using descriptive statistics.

Results:
The incidence of injuries ascertained from the records varied from 0.054% to 0.10% with a mean incidence of 0.083% from 306,986 jumps recorded over 7 years. Most injuries were related to refresher jumps and static line jumps. There were three fatalities recorded in this period, all due to failure of main and standby parachutes. Most of the injuries were sustained at the time of landing (218, 86.17%). Lower limb injuries accounted for maximum injuries (109, 40.37%), followed by truncal injuries 95 (35.19%) and upper limb injuries 33 (12.22%).

Conclusion:
The study brings out an interesting aspect of significantly less military parachuting injuries seen in the present study vis-à-vis reported in literature. A high degree of physical fitness and rigorous training are probably responsible for this low incidence. Increasing the duration of refresher training and physical conditioning may further reduce the occurrence of injuries. A cost-efficacy analysis of the same may be done before effecting changes in the training programme.
OPTIMIZATION OF DOSAGES OF NON-TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS IN THE FORMULATION OF PREVENTIVE ORIENTATION BREAD
Authors: ПОНОМАРЕВА Е.И. , ЛУКИНА С.И. , ЖУРАВЛЕВ А.А. , ПАВЛОВСКАЯ С.М. 
Published: November 2021

Исследовано влияние сочетания нетрадиционных видов сырья – жидкого виноградного сахара и куркумы на качество хлеба из пшеничной муки. Проведена оптимизация дозировок этих рецептурных компонентов по выходным параметрам – удельному объему и формоустойчивости готового изделия. Оптимизацию рецептурного состава хлеба проводили с использованием методов математической статистики и дифференциального исчисления. Построены математические модели в виде регрессионных уравнений. Обработку экспериментальных данных выполняли по статистическим критериям Стьюдента, Кохрена и Фишера при доверительной вероятности 0,95. Дана графическая интерпретация регрессионных уравнений. Оптимизацию рецептурного состава хлеба проводили методом свертывания частных критериев в обобщенный аддитивный критерий. Определены оптимальные значения факторов: дозировка, % к массе муки, жидкого виноградного сахара – 2,50, куркумы – 2,75, обеспечивающие получение изделий с наилучшим сочетанием значений удельного объема и формоустойчивости. На основе полученных данных разработана рецептура и способ производства хлеба «Мерита» профилактической направленности (ТУ 9110–515–02068108–2019), характеризующегося улучшенным качеством и повышенной пищевой ценностью за счет дополнительного внесения биологически активных нутриентов.
The influence of a combination of non-traditional raw materials – liquid grape sugar and turmeric on the quality of wheat flour bread has been studied. Optimization of the dosages of these prescription components according to the output parameters – specific volume and dimensional stability of the finished product was carried out with using methods of mathematical statistics and differential calculus. Mathematical models in the form of regression equations are constructed. The experimental data were processed according to the statistical criteria of Student, Cochran, and Fisher with a confidence probability of 0,95. Optimization of the formulation composition of bread was carried out by the method of folding partial criteria into a generalized additive criterion. The optimal values of the factors are determined: dosage, % by weight of flour, liquid grape sugar –2,50, turmeric – 2,75, ensuring the production of products with the best combination of specific volume and dimensional stability. On the basis of the obtained data, the formulation and method of production of bread «Merita» of a preventive orientation (Technical specifications 9110–515–02068108–2019) were developed. The product has improved quality and increased nutritional value due to the additional introduction of biologically active nutrients.
The ICC-African Relationship: More Complex Than a Simplistic Dichotomy
Authors: Rowe Emily 
Published: November 2021

The International Criminal Court’s (ICC) legitimacy, as an independent and unbiased international criminal court, has been brought into question, for all 30 official cases opened to this date are against African nationals. The ICC-African relationship is often framed in this excessively simplistic dichotomy: either the ICC is regarded as a Western neo-imperial colonial tool, or as a legal institutional champion of global human rights, rid of the political. Nevertheless, each obfuscates the complexity of this relationship by purporting either extreme. Rather, it is the legal framework of the ICC that necessitates selectivity bias against nationals from developing countries, in particular, African states. The principle of complementarity and the United Nations Security Council’s (UNSC) referral power embedded in the ICC’s legal framework, allows for African nations to be disproportionately preliminarily examined, investigated, and then tried, while enabling warranted cases against nationals from developed states to circumvent such targeting. Therefore, the primary issue lies not in cases the ICC has opened, but in the cases it has not.
O ensino de Ciências Biológicas no início da carreira docente
Authors: Sousa Kamene Costa , Sousa Sebastiana Ceci , Júnior Walter Araújo Rocha , Câmara Joseneide Teixeira 
Published: November 2021

O ensino de Ciências Biológicas colabora consideravelmente na formação crítica do sujeito. O início da carreira docente é o período de iniciação à docência que requer momentos de reflexão mediante a formação inicial específica, assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é conhecer os desafios e dificuldades enfrentados pelos professores iniciantes no ensino de Ciências Biológicas através do posicionamento dos mesmos sobre sua trajetória de formação e percurso profissional. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa com enfoque descritivo, considerando as análises obtidas através da observação e entrevistas realizadas com cinco professores de Ciências e cinco professores de Biologia da rede pública de ensino. Considerou-se, ainda, a semântica da língua na análise interpretativa atribuída às respostas dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram que o início da carreira é um período de crise, indagações e descobertas. Nos relatos, os professores mostram-se insatisfeitos sobre a indisciplina do alunado e a aceitação dos seus pares em relação a serem mais novos. Apresentaram desafios relacionados à preparação na formação inicial para o enfrentamento dos problemas da profissão e a falta de recursos didáticos. Portanto, deve-se incentivar, acompanhar e criar espaços coletivos de diálogo e reflexão sobre a atuação docente, sobretudo de professores iniciantes.
Study of the effect of climate on free-living stages of Dictyocaulus filaria in Baghdad area.
Authors: AL-Samarrae S. A.G. , Obaid A. M. 
Published: November 2021

The survival ability and development of the free living stages of Dictyocaulus. filaria larvae were studied to understand the epidemiology of this parasite in irrigation system . Galvanised iron boxes were planted and containated at subsequent times by faeces containing the larvae. Then faecal , soil and pasture samples were examined weekly, climatic conditions were recorded in Baghdad area.
The results showed that the free living larvae survived and migrated from the faeces to the soil and pasture in the squares of the 2 nd group of boxes which has been contaminated in January for a longer period in comparison with other groups. The larvae survived until the 1 st week of April in their faecal , soil and pasture samples. On the other hand , no larvae could be recovered after one week of contamination in the fifth group of boxes which has been contaminated in July. In the other groups of boxes, the larvae survived for (98) days in the 1 st group , (49) days in the 3 rd group and for (21) days in the 4 th group, however, the number of larvae in the soil and pasture in all groups was lower than that in the faeces, and the presence of larvae in the soil was recovered for short time
The climatic condition during December , January , Febreuary and March had good influence on the survivability and moulting of the larvae in comparison with the adverse effect of other months . *Part of his M.Sc. Thesis.
Parathyroid function and calcium concentration in serum of dexamethasone treated rabbits
Authors: K. Mashi S. , K. Al-Ar'rak J. 
Published: November 2021

This experiment was carried out to determine structural functional changes which could be caused due to uses of dexamethasone at daily therapeutic doses in rabbits for a reasonable period. Ten adult male rabbits were randomly divided into two equal groups control and treatment. Animals of the treatment group were intramuscularly injected with dexamethasone sod. citrate (0.06 mg/100g.B.W.) for 14 days. Animals of control group received the same dose of normal physiological saline solution blood samples were collected every other day until 48 hours after the last injection serum was isolated for measurement of calcium concentrations. At the end of the experiment tissue samples from the parathyroid glands were isolate to prepare histological stained sections . Dexamethasone did not cause significant changes in serum concentration of calcium of treated group compared with its concentrations in control group. Light microscopic examination of hematoxylin eosion stained sections of parathyroid gland showed enlargement and increase in number of light chief cells indicating increased secretory activity due to dexamethasone injection. The increased of parathyroid gland activity explain the maintenance of total calcium level within the normal range in spite of the expected hypocalcemia due to dexamethasone administration.
Jakarta, Mental Landscape, and Social Issues : Case Study of Rindu Kami Pada-Mu
Authors: Imanjaya Ekky 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Although Jakarta seems to be the most favorable setting for Indonesian films, most Jakarta films are not about the city or its people, but rather about a large town with no name (Jufri (eds.) 1992: 23). Asrul Sani highlights the importance of showing physical pictures such as prominent buildings and adequate clothing, and a mental landscape. In Andre Bazin’s term, the mental landscape shows the "spiritual vitality" of one city on-screen, which construes s specific indications referring to that particular city. Some social and gender issues within the films will be revealed and questioned by exploring the mental landscape. This paper will discuss Rindu Kami pada-Mu (Of Love and Eggs, Garin Nugroho, 2004). I try to answer the question: how does Rindu Kami represent post-Reform Jakarta and its social and gender issues? I argue that Rindu Kami pada-Mu represents the backdoors of Post-1998 Jakarta. Not only depicting the physical and mental landscape of lower-class society, such as a slum market, the film also portrays the psychological developments and achievements of urban people. They struggle against the remaining ideology of the New Order (State Ibuism, military-political system) and its concrete implementations (domestic violence, demolitions) in social issues. By doing textual analysis, using theories of Mental Landscape and Stuart Hall’s Representation, I will elaborate on "the other side of Jakarta" and its social issues, namely solidarity and communication Issues. Gender issues, such as the depiction of negative male characters and masculine militarism, will be discussed.
Russian Foreign Policy: Three Historical Stages and Two Future Scenarios
Authors: Karaganov Sergei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There have been several stages in Russia’s foreign policy since 1991. From a naive and idealistic pro-Western course, to ‘getting up from its knees’, to asserting itself as an independent great power. Around 2018, this trajectory reached a plateau, with the potential for decline. Since then, Russia and the world began to face fresh challenges and an almost qualitatively different environment. Even before the start of the epidemic in 2020, it was clear that Russia required a new foreign policy, built on what had been achieved in previous decades, but geared towards the future. This would include a strong ideology, focus on internal growth and development, and the development a streamlined and more cost-effective approach to foreign policy to adjust to a more turbulent and chaotic external environment. Despite growing international chaos and unpredictability, two scenarios for Russian foreign policy are surfacing. An optimistic one in which Russia successfully adapts to these changing circumstances, and a less optimistic one where it continues its current course of internal development, failing to live up to its full potential, but nevertheless still retaining the ability to play an independent and significant role in world affairs.
Russia’s China Policy: Growing Asymmetries and Hedging Options
Authors: Denisov Igor , Lukin Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the state and prospects of Russia’s policy toward China. We look at recent trends in the evolution of the world order, the history of Moscow-Beijing relations, and the changes in the balance of power between Russia and China to offer a forecast of Russia’s China policy in the near term. Special attention is paid to the role of the 2001 Treaty of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation. The authors conclude that, despite the Treaty’s significance, the international situation – and indeed the relative strengths of the two countries – have significantly changed over the past 20 years. The new conditions will inevitably compel Russia to adjust its policy toward China. Moscow, as always, will seek to develop its political and economic partnership with Beijing. However, it will likely move toward hedging against risks that excessive dependence on China could bring about.