bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic prescription opioid use in pregnancy in the United States
Authors: Straub Loreen , Huybrechts Krista F. , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , Zhu Yanmin , Vine Seanna , Desai Rishi J. , Gray Kathryn J. , Bateman Brian T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate chronic opioid utilization patterns during pregnancy using nationwide data from publicly and commercially insured women.MethodsPregnancy cohorts were identified using data from the Medicaid Analytic eXtract 2008–2014 and the IBM Health MarketScan Research Database 2008–2015.Opioid dispensing was evaluated using claims from filled prescriptions. Two different definitions of chronic opioid use were employed: ≥90 days' supply and ≥180 days' supply of prescription opioids during pregnancy. Patient characteristics were assessed and variations in the prevalence of chronic opioid therapy were described by geographic region and over time.Results1.50% of 975 169 Medicaid‐insured and 0.32% of 1 037 599 commercially insured beneficiaries filled opioid prescriptions for ≥90 days' supply; 0.78% (Medicaid) and 0.17% (commercially insured) filled prescriptions for ≥180 days' supply. Prevalence approximately doubled in Medicaid beneficiaries during the study period, while it remained relatively stable for commercial insurance beneficiaries. The most commonly prescribed opioid for chronic therapy was hydrocodone, followed by oxycodone and tramadol. Indications commonly associated with chronic use were back/neck pain, abdominal/pelvic pain, musculoskeletal pain and migraine/headache. Substantial regional variation was observed, with several states reporting a frequency of ≥90 days' supply in excess of 3% in Medicaid‐insured patients.ConclusionsDespite growing awareness of the risks associated with chronic opioid use and emphasis on improving opioid prescription patterns, prevalence of chronic use in pregnancy among publicly insured women nearly doubled from 2008–2014 and was 5‐fold more common when compared to commercially insured women. Findings call for the development of guidelines on chronic pain management during pregnancy.
Performance enhancement of gel polymer electrolytes using sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) for supercapacitors
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Yang He , Zuo Danying , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with reasonable mechanical properties are highly favorable for flexible/stretchable solid‐state supercapacitors. However, the widely explored poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐based GPEs provide unsatisfactory mechanical performance. Herein, a useful strategy is adopted to improve the performance of PAA‐based GPEs by incorporating sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) chains. The optimum SPEEK‐enhanced PAA GPE shows an ionic conductivity of 100 ± 1.57 mS cm−1, ultimate tensile strength of 4.2 ± 0.24 kPa and elongation at break of 858%, which are larger than those of the plain PAA GPE. A supercapacitor developed using such a SPEEK‐enhanced GPE also delivers higher specific capacitance, larger energy density and comparable cycling stability compared to a supercapacitor using a PAA GPE. This work suggests that rigid ionic polymers are suitable for improving the performance of GPEs with inferior mechanical properties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Advanced hybrid membranes for efficient nickel retention from simulated wastewater
Authors: Sandu Teodor , Chiriac Anita Laura , Tsyntsarski Boyko , Stoycheva Ivanka , Căprărescu Simona , Damian Celina Maria , Iordache Tanța Verona , Pătroi Delia , Marinescu Virgil , Sârbu Andrei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of a new type of hybrid material suitable to be used for the amendment of wastewaters laden with Ni ions relying on two purification principles, mechanical and adsorption. The membranes were prepared using as first component copolymers of acrylonitrile with vinyl acetate, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The second component of the developed membranes consisted of powdered activated carbon (PAC), of natural or synthetic origin, used in a content of either 4% or 8%. In this way, separation based on porosity is combined with the adsorptive properties of PAC. Hybrid membranes, prepared by phase inversion, were fully characterized by Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, pure water flux analysis, TGA, SEM, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis and XRD. Moreover, water amendment was also investigated using synthetic water bearing heavy metals, in our case nickel, a laboratory electrodialysis set‐up being used for this purpose. FTIR revealed that the use of PAC led to several peaks at low wavelength (900–650 cm−1). Pure water flux values vary in a fairly wide range, from 0.02 to almost 1.00, depending on the preparation conditions. It can be concluded that the final properties of the developed membranes may be adjusted by changing either the copolymer or the PAC. An additional control is provided by the amount of PAC. The developed membranes were found to achieve an enhanced release of Ni ions, as the percentage of extraction was at least 51%. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
An efficient reusable perylene hydrogel for removing some toxic dyes from contaminated water
Authors: Abdulwahid Ali A , Alwattar Aula A , Haddad Athir , Alshareef Mubark , Moore Joshua , Yeates Stephen G , Quayle Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of adsorbents that meet the need for large‐scale production at relatively low cost and are capable of removing anionic and cationic toxic dyes from aqueous solutions, with high sorption capacity and reusability, is urgently needed from an environmental and industrial viewpoint. In this context the identification of hydrogels that remove dyes efficiently under ambient conditions and at near‐neutral pH without the necessity of pre‐treatment is an imperative. In this study we report the preparation of two hydrogels using the redox polymerisation of acrylamide, hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (H1) and acrylamide, HEMA, N‐isopropylacrylamide and perylene‐5‐ylpent‐3‐yne‐2‐methylprop‐2‐enoate‐co‐2‐methyl‐2‐(prop‐2‐enoylamino)propane‐1‐sulfonic acid (PePnUMA‐co‐AMPS) (H2). These hydrogels proved to be effective for the removal of methylene blue (MB), fuchsin acid (FA) and Congo Red (CR) from aqueous solution at near‐neutral pH where their adsorption behaviour was in keeping with the Langmuir model having qmax values of 769.2 mg g−1 (MB), 1666.7 mg g−1 (FA) and 2358.2 mg g−1 (CR). The adsorption of MB and FA by these hydrogels follows pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, whilst the adsorption of CR follows pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Detailed thermodynamic analysis indicated that the dye–adsorbent interaction is primarily one of physisorption in nature. Finally, desorption studies carried out in 1.0 mol L–1 NaClO4 indicated that these adsorbents could be recycled at least four times using a variety of dyes while maintaining their mechanical properties. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of gamma‐irradiation on space charge and charge trap characteristics of Al/epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Chillu Naresh , Sarathi Ramanujam , Jayaganthan Rengaswamy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpoxy nano Al composites were prepared using epoxyresin, hardener, and Al nanoparticles with required proportions and irradiated with gamma rays of required dosage. Surface potential measurements and space charge studies were employed to investigate the charge trapping properties of gamma‐irradiated specimens. The surface potential decay with DC voltage was sluggish for the gamma‐aged specimens irrespective of the polarity of the applied voltage. Trap distribution characteristics showed that trapped charge carriers occupy the energy range from 0.7 to 0.9 eV and revealed the existence of deep traps for the gamma‐irradiated samples. The mean lifetime and trap depth have followed the direct correlation. Space charge accumulation increased with the dosage of gamma irradiation but did not vary when space charge accumulation reached saturation. Space charge decay rate as well as saturated space charge density is higher for gamma‐aged specimens vs. unaged counterparts. Deep traps inhibited the space charge decay process. Permittivity and loss tangent measurements indicate that dielectric properties were altered with nanofiller inclusions and gamma irradiation.
Investigation analysis of optoelectronic and structural properties of cis‐ and trans‐structures of azo dyes: density functional theory study
Authors: Bibi Shamsa , Khan Mehwish , ur‐Rehman Shafiq , Yaseen Muhammad , Muhammad Shabbir , Nadeem Raziya , Jahan Nazish , Noreen Saima , Misbah  
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs azo dyes act as photoisomers, upon the UV–visible light fall the cis configuration azo dye transforms into trans. In this work, a series of four cis–trans isomers of aminoazobenzene based derivatives consist of dipropylamine as electron‐donating and different electron‐withdrawing groups (–OH, –NH2, –CN, and –NO2) have been investigated theoretically for solar cells applications. Optoelectronic and structural properties of the designed molecules are studied at PBE1PBE/6‐31+G** level of theory using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). The use of different electron‐withdrawing groups has significantly affected the structural properties of all 1‐4 trans and cis molecules. Among all investigated molecules, 4‐trans and 4‐cis molecules have shown smaller energy gap (Eg) of 2.91 and 2.69 eV, respectively. Absorption spectra of 4‐trans and 4‐cis dyes have shown a prominent redshift of λmax at 542 and 528 nm, respectively with π–π* transitions. The reorganization energy analysis has indicated that 1‐trans, 2‐trans, and 4‐trans molecules would act as good hole transfer materials. Hence, it is concluded that different electron‐withdrawing groups influence the structural and optoelectronic properties. Thus, it is proved that these designed azo‐based derivatives can act as high‐performance and potential candidates for organic dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Effectiveness of communication skill training on cancer truth‐telling for advanced practice nurses in Taiwan: A pilot study
Authors: Chen Shih‐Hsiang , Chen Shih‐Ying , Yang Shu‐Chun , Chien Rong‐Nan , Chen Sue‐Hsien , Chu Tsuei‐Ping , Fujimori Maiko , Tang Woung‐Ru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveAdvanced practice nurses (APNs) can best support physicians in improving the quality of truth‐telling. However, the effectiveness of communication skill training (CST), based on the Japanese SHARE model exclusive to APNs, has not been tested from APNs' and recipients' viewpoints, motivating the author to conduct the present study.MethodsA two‐group before–after model design was adopted, and 61 APNs from two hospitals were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG; N = 28) or an control group (CG; N = 33). APNs in the EG received 6 h of CST under the guidance of qualified facilitators and simulated patients. This study used APNs' subjective assessment (N = 61) (self‐confidence and perceptions on truth‐telling) and recipients' opinions (N = 480) (cancer patients' and their caregivers' satisfaction with truth‐telling and emotional status) to assess the effectiveness of the SHARE CST. Data were collected before CST (baseline, T0), immediately after (T1), and 2 weeks after (T2).ResultsAPNs in the EG had more confidence (p < 0.05) and better perceptions of cancer truth‐telling (p < 0.01) than APNs in the CG at both T1 and T2. No group differences were found in patients' or their caregivers' satisfaction with truth‐telling, emotional distress, and anxiety (p > 0.05). In addition, patients in the EG had higher depression than patients in the CG (β = 1.65, p = 0.01).ConclusionsSHARE CST can improve APNs' confidence and perceptions of cancer truth‐telling. However, more rigorous studies are required to test the effectiveness of CST from recipients' viewpoint.
Development of a process safety‐based, process design RAGAGEP for gas processing midstream facilities
Authors: Aigen Sam , Peters Allison 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe fracking boom in the US led to an enormous task—the safe handling and processing of massive amounts of gas extracted as a byproduct of oil production. Process safety is often an afterthought in midstream operations since many midstream facilities are constructed and operated by the drilling companies which are excluded from PSM coverage by the oil and gas well drilling and servicing exemption, 29 C.F.R. §1910.119(a)(2)(ii). Nonetheless, many midstream companies have begun to apply the best practice of conducting process hazard analyses (PHAs) and layer of protection analyses (LOPA) on PSM and non‐PSM covered facilities alike, to improve company process safety and operational integrity. However, if company internal standards are not applied, the application of extensive process safety practices that were originally intended for larger operations such as refineries could impede the adoption of process safety, and may lead to inefficient use of time and resources. This paper will look at actual examples of how one major midstream company developed an internal design standard that could be used toward the development of a midstream gas processing‐specific process design RAGAGEP. The objective of this RAGAGEP would be to streamline design, simplify risk assessments/hazard analyses and improve efficiency and consistency of process safety implementation.
A salivary calcium‐binding protein from Laodelphax striatellus acts as an effector that suppresses defense in rice
Authors: Tian Tian , Ji Rui , Fu Jianmei , Li Jing , Wang Lu , Zhang Hao , Yang Shiying , Ye Wenfeng , Fang Jichao , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCalcium (Ca2+)‐binding proteins in the saliva of herbivorous insects function as effectors to attenuate host plant defenses and thus improve insect feeding performance. Silencing these genes via transgenic plant‐mediated RNAi is thus a promising pest control strategy. However, their sequences and functions in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (SBPH) remain to be investigated.RESULTSWe identified a putative EF‐hand Ca2+‐binding protein (LsECP1) in SBPH watery saliva. LsECP1 was expressed extremely high in the salivary glands but at a low level during the egg stage. Transient LsECP1 expression in rice cells indicated its cytoplasm and nucleus localization. The bacterially expressed recombinant LsECP1 protein exhibited Ca2+‐binding activity. Rice plants fed by SBPH nymphs with knocked down LsECP1 exhibited higher levels of cytosolic Ca2+, jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Consistently, application of heterogeneously expressed LsECP1 protein suppressed wound‐induced JA, JA‐Ile and H2O2 accumulation in rice. Thus, LsECP1 knockdown by dsRNA injection resulted in reduced feeding, fecundity and survival rates of SBPH reared on rice plants. Transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing LsECP1 dsRNA were produced, and plant‐mediated LsECP1 knockdown enhanced rice resistance to SBPH.CONCLUSIONSBPH LsECP1 acts as an effector to impair host rice defense responses and promotes SBPH performance. This discovery provides a potential gene target for plant‐mediated RNAi‐based pest management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Insecticide resistance in California populations of the glassy‐winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis
Authors: Byrne Frank J , Redak Rick A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe glassy‐winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is a primary vector of Pierce's disease of grapes in California. Systemic imidacloprid treatments have been the mainstay of area‐wide treatment programs that were established in the Central Valley (Kern and Tulare Counties) and Southern California (Riverside County) during the 1990s to combat the pest. The programs helped to suppress populations on citrus, a major sharpshooter host, to levels that significantly reduced migration into adjacent vineyards. However, beginning in 2012, there has been a resurgence of glassy‐winged sharpshooter populations in Kern and Tulare counties, and hitherto successful treatment strategies have not been as effective. This study investigated the possibility that insecticide resistance was a contributing factor to the population resurgence.RESULTSTopical application bioassays detected high levels of resistance to imidacloprid in Kern and Tulare populations, and lower levels of resistance (perhaps due to cross‐resistance) to the foliar neonicotinoid acetamiprid (20‐fold), the pyrethroid fenpropathrin (7.4‐fold), and the butenolide flupyradifurone (4‐fold). Samples of glassy‐winged sharpshooters from citrus groves under organic management also exhibited high levels of imidacloprid resistance.CONCLUSIONThe long‐term use of imidacloprid has selected for resistance in glassy‐winged sharpshooters. The most resistant populations also exhibited resistance to the foliar neonicotinoid acetamiprid, the pyrethroid fenpropathrin, and the butenolide flupyradifurone. High levels of imidacloprid resistance in insects sampled from organic groves indicate that resistant insects are migrating from nearby conventional groves, which could compromise the control of sharpshooters in organic systems with insecticides affected by cross‐resistance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
The Ile‐2041‐Val mutation in the ACCase gene confers resistance to clodinafop‐propargyl in American sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne Steud)
Authors: Wang Junzhi , Peng Yajun , Chen Wen , Yu Qin , Bai Lianyang , Pan Lang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDExploring the mechanisms of herbicide resistance in weeds is an important part of designing resistance management strategies and rationalizing herbicide use. Beckmannia syzigachne is one of the most important agricultural weeds in China. Long‐term use of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides has led to the evolution of herbicide resistance in B. syzigachne. ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides comprise three chemical families: aryloxyphenoxypropionates (APPs), cyclohexanediones (CHDs) and phenylpyraxoline (DENs).RESULTSBased on whole‐plant dose–response experiments, a B. syzigachne population (BS‐R) was confirmed to be 12‐ and 20‐fold resistant to the APP herbicides quizalofop‐P‐ethyl and clodinafop‐propargyl, and 2.2‐, 2.8‐ and 2.8‐fold resistant to fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl, the CHD herbicide sethoxydim and the PPZ herbicide pinoxaden, respectively, compared with its susceptible counterpart (BS‐S). Resistance to clodinafop‐propargyl in the BS‐R population could not be reversed by the known cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor malathion and the glutathione S‐transferase (GST) inhibitor 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzoxadiazole. In addition, no difference in CYP450 and GST activity was confirmed between the BS‐R and BS‐S populations. ACCase gene sequencing revealed an Ile‐2041‐Val mutation in the BS‐R population. A derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker was developed for rapid detection of the specific Ile‐2041‐Val mutation. Correlation quantification of resistance in homo‐ and hetero‐resistant versus wild‐type plants showed that resistance to clodinafop‐propargyl in this population is conferred by the Ile‐2041‐Val mutation.CONCLUSIONUnlike previous reports on the unique cross‐resistance pattern conferred by the 2041 mutation, this study demonstrates that the Ile‐2041‐Val mutation in BS‐R population confers resistance to certain ACCase‐inhibiting APP, CHD and PPZ herbicides in B. syzigachne. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategies for enhancing the efficiency of RNA interference in insects
Authors: Silver Kristopher , Cooper Anastasia MW , Zhu Kun Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency in many insect pests has significantly prevented its widespread application for insect pest management. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research in developing various strategies for enhancing RNAi efficiency. Our review focuses on the strategies in target gene selection and double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery technologies. For target gene selection, genome‐wide or large‐scale screening strategies have been used to identify most susceptible target genes for RNAi. Other strategies include the design of dsRNA constructs and manipulate the structure of dsRNA to maximize the RNA efficiency for a target gene. For dsRNA delivery strategies, much recent research has focused on the applications of complexed or encapsulated dsRNA using various reagents, polymers, or peptides to enhance dsRNA stability and cellular uptake. Other dsRNA delivery strategies include genetic engineering of microbes (e.g. fungi, bacteria, and viruses) and plants to produce insect‐specific dsRNA. The ingestion of the dsRNA‐producing organisms or tissues will have lethal or detrimental effects on the target insect pests. This article also identifies obstacles to further developing RNAi for insect pest management and suggests future avenues of research that will maximize the potential for using RNAi for insect pest management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of the equilibrium relationship between deposition and wettability behavior on the high‐efficiency utilization of pesticides
Authors: He Lifei , Ding Lei , Zhang Peng , Li Beixing , Mu Wei , Liu Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDOften, due to the occurrence of powdery mildew, cucumber leaf surfaces is changed into a more hydrophobic surface, which affects wetting and spreading of liquid pesticides, reducing their efficiency. The wetting and deposition behavior of liquid pesticides can be improved by adding surfactants to pesticides. Added surfactants affect the spray volume of the pesticide, which can lead to waste and a low utilization rate of the pesticide. It is important to further balance the relationship between deposition and wettability of pesticide liquid on the surfaces of healthy leaves and powdery mildew leaves of cucumber.RESULTSThis study evaluated the deposition and wettability of hexaconazole (Hexa) with surfactants on the surfaces of healthy leaves and powdery mildew leaves of cucumber. The deposition rates of Hexa with surfactants were lower than that of Hexa due to the loss of solution in conventional spray volume (750 L ha−1). The deposition rate of Hexa did not necessarily increase with increasing spray volume, and the deposition rate did not increase again after the spray volume increased to a certain level. Under the condition that the prevention and control effect were not reduced, we found that the volume of solution spray with added Silwet618 or AEO‐5 should be adjusted to half of the normal volume, while the volume of solution spray with added 1227 or rosin‐based quarternary ammonium should be adjusted to two‐thirds of the normal volume to increase the deposition rate by approximately 30%. Regarding the wetting parameters, the results showed that the wettability of Hexa with Silwet618 was the best, but their combination was not ideal according to the composite index and deposition. By analyzing all the parameters, it was found that the spray volume reduction of Hexa with surfactant was approximately equal to the solution surface tension reduction, compared with the parameters of Hexa.CONCLUSIONThe equilibrium relationship between deposition rate and wetting parameters was determined to provide guidance for the application of surfactants and to lower the dosage of pesticides to increase their efficiency and reduce their application. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry