bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen and Al‐Mg isotopic constraints on cooling rate and age of partial melting of an Allende Type B CAI, Golfball
Authors: Kawasaki Noriyuki , Itoh Shoichi , Sakamoto Naoya , Simon Steven B. , Yamamoto Daiki , Yurimoto Hisayoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoarse‐grained, igneous Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) in CV chondrites formed through multiple melting events. We conducted in situ O‐isotope analysis and Al‐Mg systematics by secondary ion mass spectrometry of relict and overgrown minerals from a partial melting event in an Allende Type B CAI, Golfball. Golfball has a Type B CAI bulk composition and a unique structure: a fassaite‐rich mantle enclosing a melilite‐rich core. Many of the blocky melilite crystals in the core have irregularly shaped, Al‐rich (Åk5–15) cores enclosed in strongly zoned (Åk30–70) overgrowths. Since the Al‐rich melilite grains could not have formed from a melt of Golfball, they are interpreted as relict grains that survived later melting events. The O‐isotopic compositions of the blocky melilite crystals plot along the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral line, ranging between Δ17O ~ −14‰ and −5‰. The Al‐rich relict melilite grains and their overgrowths exhibit the same O‐isotopic compositions, while the O‐isotopic compositions are varied spatially among melilites. We found that the O‐isotopic compositions steeply change across several melilite crystals within few tens of micrometers, indicating the O‐isotopic compositions of the melt could not have been homogenized during the partial melting in that scale. According to the time scale of O self‐diffusivity in the melt, the cooling rate of the partial melting event is calculated to be >6 × 104 K h−1. Al‐Mg isotope data for core minerals plot on a straight line on an Al‐Mg evolution diagram. A mineral isochron for Golfball gives initial 26Al/27Al of (4.42 ± 0.20) × 10–5 and initial δ26Mg* of −0.035 ± 0.050‰. The chemical and O‐isotopic compositions of melilite and those initial values imply that its precursor consisted of fluffy Type A and/or fine‐grained CAIs. The partial melting event for Golfball may have occurred in very short order after the precursor formation.
Daily skin‐to‐skin contact in full‐term infants and breastfeeding: Secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cooijmans Kelly H. M. , Beijers Roseriet , Brett Bonnie E. , de Weerth Carolina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of a 5‐week daily skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) intervention between mothers and their full‐term infants, compared with care‐as‐usual, on exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration during the first post‐natal year. Healthy pregnant women (n = 116) from a community sample were enrolled and randomly allocated to the SSC or care‐as‐usual condition. SSC mothers were requested to provide one daily hour of SSC for the first five post‐natal weeks. Twelve months post‐partum, mothers indicated the number of exclusive and continued breastfeeding months. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using intention‐to‐treat, per‐protocol and exploratory dose–response frameworks. In intention‐to‐treat analyses, exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration was not different between groups (exclusive: 3.61 ± 1.99 vs. 3.16 ± 1.77 months; adjusted mean difference 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.33 to 0.89; p = 0.36; continued: 7.98 ± 4.20 vs. 6.75 ± 4.06 months; adjusted mean difference 0.81, 95% CI −0.46 to 2.08; p = 0.21). In per‐protocol analyses, exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration was longer for SSC than care‐as‐usual dyads (exclusive: 4.89 ± 1.26 vs. 3.25 ± 1.80 months; adjusted mean difference 1.28, 95% CI 0.31–2.24; p = 0.01; continued: 10.81 ± 1.97 vs. 6.98 ± 4.08 months; adjusted mean difference 2.33, 95% CI 0.13–4.54; p = 0.04). Exploratory dose–response effects indicated that more SSC hours predicted longer exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration. This study demonstrates that for the total group, the 5‐week daily SSC intervention did not extend exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration. However, for mothers performing a regular daily hour of SSC, this simple and accessible intervention may extend exclusive and continued breastfeeding duration by months. Future studies are required to confirm these promising findings. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register (NTR5697).
Health (il)literacy: Structural vulnerability in the nurse navigator service
Authors: Byrne Amy‐Louise , Harvey Clare , Baldwin Adele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHealth literacy is a contemporary term used in health services, often used to describe individuals requiring additional support to access, understand and implement health service information. It is used as a measure of self‐efficacy in chronic disease models of care such as the nurse navigator service. The aim of the research was to investigate the concept of health literacy in the nurse navigator service, particularly in relation to the defined role objective of person‐centred care. Fairclough's critical discourse analysis was used to analyse the experiential, relational and expressive elements of texts, investigating the hidden truths which are represented in discourse. Texts from a variety of health service micro‐, meso‐ and macro‐hierarchical sources were selected for analysis using the nurse navigator evaluation data set and other associated texts. Health literacy in the nurse navigator service is a technology of government used to increase participation of individuals in their own health and well‐being. The discourse suggests that health literacy responsibilises both individuals and nurses and is discursively formed within a matrix of rational choice. In this context, health literacy contributes to structural vulnerability.
Current status of fecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: El‐Salhy Magdy , Hausken Trygve , Hatlebakk Jan Gunnar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal functional disorder. Although IBS is a benign condition, it reduces the quality of life considerably. While there is currently no effective treatment for this disorder, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) seems to be promising.PurposeThe aim of this review was to analysis possible factors affecting the success or failure of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FMT for IBS and highlighting the gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled and of sketching a possible model for successful FMT in IBS patients.MethodsA systematic search was conducted of literature published in English from January 2015 to December 2020 using the keywords: fecal microbiota transplantation, randomized trials, and IBS.Key ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of FMT for IBS were found in the literature. Four of the seven RCTs found various positive effects, while the other three did not find any effect.Conclusions and InferencesThe efficacy of FMT for IBS appears to be donor‐dependent. The effective (super) donor would need to have a favorable microbiota signature, and 11 clinical criteria that are known to be associated with a favorable microbiota have been suggested for selecting FMT donors for IBS. Comparing the microbiota of the effective donors with those of healthy subjects would reveal the favorable microbiota signature required for a super‐donor. However, the studies reviewed were not designed to compare efficacy of different donor types. The dose of the fecal transplant is also an important factor influencing the outcome of FMT for IBS. However, further studies designed to test the effect of fecal transplant dose are needed to answer this question. Administering the fecal transplant to either the small or large intestine seems to be effective, but the optimal route of administration remains to be determined. Moreover, whether single or repeated FMT is more effective is also still unclear. A 1‐year follow‐up of IBS patients who received FMT showed that adverse events of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation were both mild and self‐limiting.
Functional diversity and identity of plant genotypes regulate rhizodeposition and soil microbial activity
Authors: Semchenko Marina , Xue Piao , Leigh Tomas 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Our understanding of the linkages between plant diversity and soil carbon and nutrient cycling is primarily derived from studies at the species level, while the importance and mechanisms of diversity effects at the genotype level are poorly understood.

Here we examine how genotypic diversity and identity, and associated variation in functional traits, within a common grass species, Anthoxanthum odoratum, modified rhizodeposition, soil microbial activity and litter decomposition.

Root litter quality was not significantly affected by plant genotypic diversity, but decomposition was enhanced in soils with the legacy of higher genotypic diversity. Plant genotypic diversity and identity modified rhizodeposition and associated microbial activity via two independent pathways. Plant genotypic diversity enhanced soil functioning via positive effects on variation in specific leaf area and total rhizodeposition. Genotype identity affected both rhizodeposit quantity and quality, and these effects were mediated by differences in mean specific leaf area, shoot mass and plant height. Rhizodeposition was more strongly predicted by aboveground than belowground traits, suggesting strong linkages between photosynthesis and root exudation.

Our study demonstrates that functional diversity and identity of plant genotypes modulates belowground carbon supply and quality, representing an important but overlooked pathway by which biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning.
What's Luck Got to do with the Luck Pincer?
Authors: Hill Jesse 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLuck skepticism is the view that no one is ever morally responsible for anything because of the nature and ubiquity of luck. One acclaimed argument in favor of this view is Neil Levy's luck pincer. The luck pincer holds that all morally significant acts or events involve either present luck, constitutive luck, or both and that present and constitutive luck each negate moral responsibility. Therefore, no one is ever morally responsible for any action or event. I argue that this argument is unsound as both of its premises are false. First, not all morally significant events involve present or constitutive luck. Some morally significant events are non‐lucky. Second, present and constitutive luck do not always negate moral responsibility. Luck – independent of ontological concerns – is not as threatening to free will as is often thought.
Dependent reliability: Why And How Conditional Reliability Should Be Replaced By It
Authors: Grundmann Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccording to Alvin Goldman, reliabilists need to distinguish between unconditionally and conditionally reliable processes. The latter category is used to account for processes such as reasoning or memory. In this paper, I will argue that Goldman’s account of conditional reliability needs substantial revision in two respects. First, conditional reliability must be reinterpreted in terms of dependent reliability to avoid serious problems. Second, we need a more liberal account that allows dependently reliable processes to operate not only on doxastic but also on non‐doxastic input. Thinking this way advances the explanatory power of reliabilism significantly.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of genes involved in stem lignin biosynthesis in woody and herbaceous Paeonia species
Authors: Tong Ning‐Ning , Peng Li‐Ping , Liu Zheng‐An , Li Yang , Zhou Xiao‐Yang , Wang Xi‐Ruo , Shu Qing‐Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPaeonia is recognized globally due to its ornamental value. However, the mechanisms behind the formation of distinct levels of lignification in Paeonia stems remain largely unknown. In this study, we selected three representative Paeonia species, namely P. ostii (shrub), P. lactiflora (herb), and P. × ‘Hexie’ (semi‐shrub), to evaluate and contrast their respective anatomical structure, phytochemical composition and transcriptomic profile. Our results showed that the degree of lignin deposition on the cell wall, along with the total amount of lignin and its monomers (especially G‐lignin) were higher in P. ostii stems compared to the other two species at almost all development stages except 80 days after flowering. Furthermore, we estimated a total number of unigenes of 60,238 in P. ostii, 43,563 in P. × ‘Hexie’, and 40,212 in P. lactiflora from stem transcriptome. We then built a co‐expression network of 25 transcription factors and 21 enzyme genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and identified nine key candidate genes. The expression patterns of these genes were positively correlated with the transcription levels of PAL, C4H, 4CL2, CCR, and COMT, as well as lignin content. Moreover, the highest relative expression levels of CCR, 4CL2, and C4H were found in P. ostii. This study provides an explanation for the observed differences in lignification between woody and herbaceous Paeonia stems, and constitutes a novel reference for molecular studies of stem‐specific lignification process and lignin biosynthesis that can impact the ornamental industry.
Soil enrichment with actinomycete mitigates the toxicity of arsenic oxide nanoparticles on wheat and maize growth and metabolism
Authors: Selim Samy , AbdElgawad Hamada , Alsharari Salam S. , Atif Muhammad , Warrad Mona , Hagagy Nashwa , Madany Mahmoud M. Y. , Abuelsoud Walid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) to enhance plant growth and protection against heavy metal toxicity has been extensively studied. However, its potentiality to reduce arsenate toxicity, a threat to plant growth and metabolism, has been hardly investigated. Moreover, the toxic effect of arsenic oxide nanoparticles (As‐NPs) on plants and possible mechanisms for its alleviation has not yet been explored. In this study, the impact of the bioactive actinomycete Streptomyces spp. on the growth, physiology and stress‐related metabolites, such as sugars and proline, on As‐NPs‐stressed wheat and maize plants was investigated. Soil amendment with arsenic oxide nanoparticles (As‐NPs) induced the uptake and accumulation of As in the plants of both species, resulting in reduced growth and photosynthesis, but less marked in maize than in wheat plants. Under As‐NPs‐free conditions, Streptomyces spp. treatment markedly improved growth and photosynthesis in wheat only. The application of Streptomyces spp. reduced As accumulation, recovered the As‐NPs‐induced growth, photosynthesis inhibition, and oxidative damage in plants of both species. Wheat plants specifically accumulated soluble sugars, while both species accumulated proline. Under As‐NPs stress, the ornithine pathway of proline biosynthesis was more important in maize than in wheat plants, while the glutamine pathway was dominant in wheat ones. The addition of Streptomyces spp. further induced the accumulation of proline and starch in both plant species. Overall, despite a different response to Streptomyces spp. under nontoxic conditions, the amendment of as‐contaminated soil with Streptomyces spp. induced similar metabolic responses in the two tested species, which trigger stress recovery.
Elderly people's quality of life in rural areas of Turkey and its relationship with loneliness and sociodemographic characteristics
Authors: Çam Cüneyt , Atay Emrah , Aygar Hatice , Öcal Ece E. , Önsüz Muhammed F. , Işıklı Burhanettin , Metintaş Selma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between loneliness, quality of life and the factors that may be related to the quality of life in individuals ≥65 years old living in rural areas of Turkey.MethodsThe World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Older Adults Module (WHOQOL OLD) and Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (LSE) was administered to 427 elderly participants. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the variables that affected QOL.ResultsThe results of the multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that gender, marital status, education level, family income status, general health condition, living arrangement, and loneliness level for subdomains were within the predictors. Loneliness level had the strongest negative impact on the four WHOQOL OLD subdomains and total WHOQOL OLD score. It was the most important predictor for autonomy, past present future activities, social participation, death‐and‐dying, and intimacy subdomains and for the total QOL.ConclusionsRemarkably, a sense of loneliness in the elderly was determined to be the most important factor for predicting their QOL. Loneliness should be considered in attempts to improve QOL for the elderly, interventions to reduce loneliness should specifically target this group, and activities with the potential to increase QOL should be encouraged.
Zero deforestation in the Amazon: The Soy Moratorium and global forest governance
Authors: Paim Maria‐Augusta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has recently increased, and one of the main drivers is the expansion of soy production for international markets. The Soy Moratorium (SM) is a market‐based, zero‐deforestation commitment banning traders from purchasing soy produced in the Amazon’s deforested land after July 2008. Combined with public conservation policies, the SM has contributed to a decrease in the direct conversion of forests for soy production. This article considers the SM’s links with global forest protection, revealing that measures to protect forests at local levels are consistent with global trends. Specifically, the article suggests that the SM exemplifies the growing importance of non‐State actors in global environmental protection, the close relationship between forest protection and climate change goals, and the reconciliation of environmental practices with economic growth. As such, the article helps explain how the SM advance global forest governance at a time of erosion of environmental protection.
Accountability infrastructures: Pragmatic compliance inside organizations
Authors: Huising Ruthanne , Silbey Susan S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe trace the pragmatic turn in regulatory governance from the level of the state and civil society to the coalface of the regulated organization. Since the 1980s, an array of new regulatory models has emerged. These models, while distinct, are unified in two related tendencies. First, they support the devolution of responsibility for standard setting, program design, and enforcement to the regulated organization. This delegation of governance to the organization itself has catalyzed the creation ofaccountability infrastructureswithin organizations, a network of offices, roles, programs, and procedures dedicated to aligning the organization's operations with external standards, codes of conduct, ethical and normative expectations, and regulations. Second, the diverse regulatory models depend, often implicitly, on organizational accountability infrastructures that incorporate the tenets of pragmatist philosophy: inquiry through narration, adaptation to context, and problem‐solving through experimentation. Reviewing the empirical literature on organizational compliance, we find ample evidence of inquiry through narration at the organizational coalface. However, we find limited evidence of narrating plurality in the organization and narrating experimentation as problem‐solving, as these activities create tensions with internal and external parties who expect singular, stable representations of governance. These tensions reveal an important incongruity between pragmatic governance across organizations and pragmatic governance within organizations. We contribute to the regulatory governance literature by documenting this important shift in the locus of governance to the organizational coalface and by charting a new research agenda. We argue that examinations of regulatory governance should be retraced in three ways. First, attention should shift to the organizational coalface, recognizing and analyzing accountability infrastructures as the central contemporary mechanism of governance. Second, the long‐standing focus in regulatory studies onwhyparties comply should shift to understandinghowregulated parties manage themselves to achieve compliance. Third, analyses of compliance should examine the tensions in narrating adaptation and experimentation, and the implications of such tensions for the achievement of prosocial outcomes.
Impact of repeated remote ischemic conditioning on diabetic foot ulcers: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Regulski Matthew , Greenwood Todd , Leschinsky Boris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) suffer disabilities and are at increased risk for lower extremity amputation. Current standard of care includes debridement, topical antibiotics, and weight off‐loading—still resulting in low rates of healing. Previous small‐scale research has indicated that repeated remote ischemic conditioning (rRIC) is a novel modality that delivers significantly higher DFU healing rates. This proof‐of‐concept study was performed to expand the research on the utility of rRIC as an adjunctive treatment in the healing of chronic DFUs. Forty subjects (41 wounds) received rRIC treatment three times weekly in addition to standard of care for 12 weeks. Subjects that did not heal in this time frame but had a significant reduction in wound size were eligible to continue for an 8‐week extension period. By the end of the extension period, 31 of the 41 DFU wounds (75.6%) in this study were determined to be healed. This compares favourably to the 25–30% standard of care average healing rate. For additional comparison, another group of patients receiving standard of care alone, by the same investigator, was selected and matched by wound size at baseline and wound location. For this matching cohort, after 20 weeks of treatment, only 15 of the 41 DFU comparison wounds (36.6%) were determined to be healed, in line with other standard of care results. In the rRIC treatment group, the 10 wounds that did not heal, experienced an average reduction in wound area of 54.3%. The results of this proof‐of‐concept study reinforce earlier evidence that the addition of rRIC to local wound care significantly improves the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers.
OPEN THEISM AND RISK MANAGEMENT: A PHILOSOPHICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Mullins R. T. , Sani Emanuela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOpen theism denies that God has definite exhaustive foreknowledge, and affirms that God takes certain risks when creating the universe. Critics of open theism often complain that the risks are too high. Perhaps there is something morally wrong with God taking a risk in creating a universe with an open future. Open theists have tried to respond by clarifying how much risk is involved in God creating an open universe, though we argue that it remains unclear how much risk is actually involved. We claim that open theists need to start developing theories about how God manages risks in order to bring about His purposes for the universe. In this article, we will take a philosophical and biological perspective on risk management that adds plausibility to open theism. We will consider how God can use different risk‐management, surveillance, and redundancy systems in the natural world in order to accomplish His goals.