bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal context and desired emotional closeness in neural response to negative visual stimuli: Preliminary findings
Authors: Flores Luis E. , Alarcón Gabriela , Eckstrand Kristen L. , Lindenmuth Morgan , Forbes Erika E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmotions typically emerge in interpersonal contexts, but the neural circuitry involved remains insufficiently understood. Two key features of interpersonal contexts are interpersonal interactions (e.g., supportive physical touch serving as a form of social regulation) and interpersonal traits. Social regulation research has predominately focused on fear by using physical threat (i.e., electric shock) as the stimulus. Given that social regulation helps with various negative emotions in the real world, using visual stimuli that elicit negative emotions more broadly would also be beneficial. Differing from trait loneliness—which is related to lower recruitment of social circuitry in negative socioaffective contexts—trait desired emotional closeness is related to adaptive outcomes and may demonstrate an opposite pattern. This study investigated the roles of social regulation and desired emotional closeness in neural response to aversive social images.MethodsTen pairs of typically developing emerging adult friends (N = 20; ages 18–25) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) handholding task. Each friend viewed negative and neutral social images in the scanner under two conditions: (a) holding their friend's hand and (b) having their friend in the room.ResultsHandholding attenuated response to aversive social images in a region implicated in emotion and inhibitory control (right dorsal striatum/anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex). Desired emotional closeness was positively associated with response to aversive social images (in the no handholding condition) in self and social processing (right ventral posterior cingulate cortex) and somatosensory regions (right postcentral gyrus).DiscussionThese findings extend previous research on the roles of interpersonal behaviors and tendencies in neural response to aversive stimuli.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Ester Derivatives of Mogrol through JAK2/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Li Na , Song Jingru , Li Dianpeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn attempt to enhance the antiproliferative activity of mogrol, two series of ester derivatives modified at C3−OH and C11−OH were designed and synthesized. The activity against human cancer cells including A549, NCI‐H460 and CNE1 was screened by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay. According to the results, modifications of the mogrol core through introduction of different ester scaffolds drastically improved the cytotoxicity, and some of the derivatives exhibited even higher activity than the positive drug. Among them, compound M2h exhibited nearly 4 times more cytotoxic than 5‐Fu against CNE1 cells, derivative M6c showed ten times higher activity with the IC50 value of 10.59 μM than mogrol against NCI‐H460 cells, and compound M6a which contained one 1,2,3‐triazole motif showed the strongest activity with an three folds lower IC50 value than mogrol. Furthermore, the most potent compound M2h could lead to cell cycle arrest at G2 phase on CNE1 cell lines and M6a induced G1 phase arrest on A549 cell lines. It was noteworthy that both M2h and M6a regulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal pathway through inhibiting phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and STAT3, and simultaneously increasing the protein level of downstream cyclin p21.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Hydrogel Nanoparticles: Synthetic Antibodies for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Tse Sum Bui Bernadette , Haupt Karsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) accounted for 10 million deaths in 2020. Promising theranostic (therapy and diagnostic) agents in the treatment of cancer are nanomaterials, which have come to the forefront because of their small size approaching those of protein complexes in the human body, and of their easy functionalization giving access to nanocomposite materials with diverse functions (fluorescence, magnetic, stimuli‐responsiveness, etc.), and improved biocompatibility. Among them, affinity nanoparticles, often decorated with highly specific targeting ligands such as antibodies, aptamers, lectins and peptides, have enabled enhanced binding and exquisite recognition of biomarkers overexpressed in cancer cells. In this review, we describe an emerging class of targeting ligands, molecularly imprinted polymer hydrogel nanoparticles for their application in the early detection of disease, with the aim to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Superfine grinding affects particle size, chemical ingredients, and physicochemical properties of sprouting quinoa
Authors: Song Lei , Song Lisha , Su Hang , Ma Fengming , Zhang Baiqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesQuinoa has high content of protein and active ingredients, and does not contain bran, so it has good development prospect. The aim of this study was to improve the nutritional composition and physicochemical properties of sprouting quinoa (SQ) by superfine grinding (SG).FindingsIt was found that the physical properties of sprouting quinoa superfine grinding (SQSG) powder were better than those of coarse powder (80 M). The contents of total protein, soluble protein, reducing soluble sugar (RSSC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) increased with decreasing particle size. The TPC and TFC were positively correlated with the scavenging ABTS cation radical ability and the scavenging DPPH radical ability, respectively.ConclusionsSQ powder with smaller particle size, smooth surface, bright color, high content of total protein, TPC and TFC, and strong antioxidant ability was obtained by SG.Significance and noveltyCompared with ordinary grinding (OG), SG could improve the nutritional composition, physical properties, active components, and antioxidant capacity of SQ. The SQSG powder can be easily absorbed by the human body and has good potential value.
Ruled out of preeclampsia‐like syndrome due to COVID‐19: A case study
Authors: Farahani Masoumeh , Azadi Kiarash , Hashemnejad Maryam , Agoushi Arash , Nirouei Matineh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease. In this study, we report a 28‐year‐old pregnant woman who had a postpartum seizure with a background of HELLP syndrome and a proven COVID‐19 infection. Her child survived, and at 12‐week postpartum, all maternal COVID‐19–related symptoms vanished, and she was cured.
Thermodynamic Study on the Amorphous Form and Crystalline Hydrates Using in Situ Raman and FBRM
Authors: Kim Jungsuk , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe solubilities and maximum supersaturation concentrations of an amorphous and the crystalline tetrahydrate and heptahydrate solids of disodium guanosine 5'‐monophosphate (GMP) in water‐methanol mixtures were measured in situ by Raman spectroscopy and focused beam reflectance measurement. The distinct Raman peaks of the amorphous form, crystalline hydrates, solution, and solvent were used for measurements of solubility and maximum supersaturation. Above 45 °C and at methanol fractions of 0.15–0.90, the tetrahydrate was the stable form, while below 40 °C and at methanol fractions of 0.15–0.60, the heptahydrate was the stable form. Especially, the tetrahydrate was stable in the methanol fraction > 0.7 at the temperature investigated. The solubility and supersaturated concentration values can be used to selectively produce amorphous, tetrahydrate, and heptahydrate solids of GMP by anti‐solvent crystallization.
Increased Photostability of the Integral mRNA Vaccine Component N1‐Methylpseudouridine Compared to Uridine
Authors: Hoehn Sean J. , Krul Sarah E. , Skory Brandon J. , Crespo‐Hernández Carlos E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractN1‐Methylation of pseudouridine (m1ψ) replaces uridine (Urd) in several therapeutics, including the Moderna and BioNTech‐Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccines. Importantly, however, it is currently unknown if exposure to electromagnetic radiation can affect the chemical integrity and intrinsic stability of m1ψ. In this study, the photochemistry of m1ψ is compared to that of uridine by using photoirradiation at 267 nm, steady‐state spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical calculations. Furthermore, femtosecond transient absorption measurements are collected to delineate the electronic relaxation mechanisms for both nucleosides under physiologically relevant conditions. It is shown that m1ψ exhibits a 12‐fold longer 1ππ* decay lifetime than uridine and a 5‐fold higher fluorescence yield. Notably, however, the experimental results also demonstrate that most of the excited state population in both molecules decays back to the ground state in an ultrafast time scale and that m1ψ is 6.7‐fold more photostable than Urd following irradiation at 267 nm.
A phase 2 evaluation of pembrolizumab for recurrent Lynch‐like versus sporadic endometrial cancers with microsatellite instability
Authors: Bellone Stefania , Roque Dana M. , Siegel Eric R. , Buza Natalia , Hui Pei , Bonazzoli Elena , Guglielmi Adele , Zammataro Luca , Nagarkatti Nupur , Zaidi Samir , Lee Jungsoo , Silasi Dan‐Arin , Huang Gloria S. , Andikyan Vaagn , Damast Shari , Clark Mitchell , Azodi Masoud , Schwartz Peter E. , Tymon‐Rosario Joan R. , Harold Justin A. , Mauricio Dennis , Zeybek Burak , Menderes Gulden , Altwerger Gary , Ratner Elena , Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Iwasaki Akiko , Kong Yong , Song Eric , Dong Weilai , Elvin Julia A. , Choi Jungmin , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundMicrosatellite instability–high (MSI‐H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is a biomarker for responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Whether mechanisms underlying microsatellite instability alter responses to ICIs is unclear. This article reports data from a prospective phase 2 pilot study of pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent MSI‐H endometrial cancer (EC) analyzed by whole exome sequencing (WES) and potential mechanisms of primary/secondary ICI resistance (NCT02899793).MethodsPatients with measurable MSI‐H/dMMR EC confirmed by polymerase chain reaction/immunohistochemistry were evaluated by WES and received 200 mg of pembrolizumab every 3 weeks for ≤2 years. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsTwenty‐five patients (24 evaluable) were treated. Six patients (25%) harbored Lynch/Lynch‐like tumors, whereas 18 (75%) had sporadic EC. The tumor mutation burden was higher in Lynch‐like tumors (median, 2939 mutations/megabase [Mut/Mb]; interquartile range [IQR], 867‐5108 Mut/Mb) than sporadic tumors (median, 604 Mut/Mb; IQR, 411‐798 Mut/Mb; P = .0076). The ORR was 100% in Lynch/Lynch‐like patients but only 44% in sporadic patients (P = .024). The 3‐year PFS and OS proportions were 100% versus 30% (P = .017) and 100% versus 43% (P = .043), respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests prognostic significance of Lynch‐like cancers versus sporadic MSI‐H/dMMR ECs for ORR, PFS, and OS when patients are treated with pembrolizumab. Larger confirmatory studies in ECs and other MSI‐H/dMMR tumors are necessary. Defective antigen processing/presentation and deranged induction in interferon responses serve as mechanisms of resistance in sporadic MSI‐H ECs. Oligoprogression in MSI‐H/dMMR patients appears salvageable with surgical resection and/or local treatment and the continuation of pembrolizumab off study. Clinical studies evaluating separate MSI‐H/dMMR EC subtypes treated with ICIs are warranted.
On the numerical treatment of viscous and convective effects in relative pressure reconstruction methods
Authors: Pacheco Douglas R. Q. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe mechanism of many cardiovascular diseases can be understood by studying the pressure distribution in blood vessels. Direct pressure measurements, however, require invasive probing and provide only single‐point data. Alternatively, relative pressure fields can be reconstructed from imaging‐based velocity measurements by considering viscous and inertial forces. Both contributions can be potential troublemakers in pressure reconstruction: the former due to its higher‐order derivatives, and the latter because of the quadratic nonlinearity in the convective acceleration. Viscous and convective terms can be treated in various forms, which, although equivalent for ideal measurements, can perform differently in practice. In fact, multiple versions are often used in literature, with no apparent consensus on the more suitable variants. In this context, the present work investigates the performance of different versions of relative pressure estimators. For viscous effects, in particular, two new modified estimators are presented to circumvent second‐order differentiation without requiring surface integrals. In‐silico and in‐vitro data in the typical regime of cerebrovascular flows are considered, allowing a systematic noise sensitivity study. Convective terms are shown to be the main source of error, even for flows with pronounced viscous component. Moreover, the conservation (often integrated) form of convection exhibits higher noise sensitivity than the standard convective description, in all three families of estimators considered here. For the classical pressure Poisson estimator, the present modified version of the viscous term tends to yield better accuracy than the (recently introduced) integrated form, although this effect is in most cases negligible when compared to convection‐related errors.
TM‐HOL: Topic memory model for detection of hate speech and offensive language
Authors: Chen Jing , Ma Kun , Ji Ke , Chen Zhenxiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the era of the explosion of digital content of large‐scale self‐media, user‐friendly social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, provide opportunities for people to express their ideas and opinions freely. Due to lack of restrictions, hateful speech and its exposure can have profound psychological impacts on society. Current social networking platform is over‐reliant on the manual check, and it is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. Although there are many machines learning methods for the detection of hate speech, short text with character limit on social platforms is more challenging for the detection of hate speech and offensive language. To address the problem of data sparsity, we have proposed a topic memory model for hate speech and offensive language detection (abbreviated as TM‐HOL). Potential topics are generated with our encoder and decoder to enrich short text features. Two memory matrices correspond to the topic words and the text, and the hate feature matrix is used to learn the syntactic features. It is demonstrated that our proposed method is effective on three datasets, performing better weighted‐F1.
A hybrid approach for efficient multi‐classification of white blood cells based on transfer learning techniques and traditional machine learning methods
Authors: Cengil Emine , Çınar Ahmet , Yıldırım Muhammed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiagnosed blood‐related diseases include the identification of blood samples taken from the patient. Therefore, the classification of white blood cells, also known as leukocytes, is substantial for differentiating leukemia and blood diseases. In this article, we aimed to classify four different types of white blood cells. Two different transfer learning methods are applied to achieve this goal. In the first method, AlexNet, ResNet18, and GoogleNet architectures are retrained with the fine‐tuning method using the dataset we have provided from the Kaggle and then given to classify on the softmax and SVM methods. With this method, the hybrid architecture where the ResNet18 is used with SVM achieves 99.83%.In the second method, feature transfer, the same architectures are implemented for feature extractors. First, extracted features of architectures are given to a variety of classifiers. Second, the features are taken from the architectures, and concatenated as pairs and triples, used to obtain 4 different feature sets consisting of 2000 and 3000 features. After that, these features are also subjected to the same classifiers. Finally, results are revealed by using the same classifiers after the PCA algorithm. The results illustrate that the proposed methods significantly contribute to white blood cell multi‐classification.
A systematic review to determine how service provider practises impact effective service provision to lesbian, gay and bisexual consumers in a mental health setting
Authors: Bishop Joshua , Crisp Dimity A. , Scholz Brett 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) consumers utilize mental health services at a similar rate to their heterosexual counterparts yet report greater dissatisfaction with service quality. This dissatisfaction may be explained by service provider's microaggressions, stemming from a lack of cultural competence in working with LGB consumers. This systematic review examines how the practises of mental health service providers impacted effective service provision to LGB people in a clinical practice. Five health databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL) were examined to determine relevant studies for this review. Twenty four qualitative and quantitative studies between 2000 and 2020 examining data related to how service provider practises impacted effective service provision to LGB people were included in the final review. A narrative synthesis, thematic summary approach was employed to account for the multi‐method nature of the data. Themes developed in our analysis are organized under the three components of cultural competence, service provider attitudes, knowledge and skills. Provider attitudes ranged from positive to negative towards LGB people and heterosexism were present in several services. Poor service provider knowledge about the issues impacting LGB consumers leads to a weakened therapeutic alliance and service providers often lacked a comprehensive understanding of the issues impacting LGB people. Service providers were seen as more skilful if they were LGB, created a safe space and had completed cultural competence training. Trends within the characteristics (explorative nature, mixed service provider samples, potential for bias) of the 24 studies included in the review are discussed. Based on the results, recommendations are included to ensure services demonstrate cultural competence in working with LGB consumers.
Transposon‐Based Identification of Factors That Promote Campylobacter jejuni Nuclease Activity
Authors: Callahan Sean M. , Johnson Jeremiah G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNucleases are ubiquitous in pathogens and allow bacteria to acquire nucleotide nutrients, take up foreign DNA, induce tissue damage, degrade neutrophil extracellular traps, and modulate the host inflammatory response. Furthermore, nucleases can modulate numerous bacterial virulence factors, promoting bacterial growth and disease. To understand how bacteria can produce nucleases, an unbiased approach is needed to identify these systems. Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial‐derived gastroenteritis and utilizes numerous systems to damage host DNA. Therefore, it is imperative to identify C. jejuni nucleases to understand the molecular mechanism of both infection and pathology. Detailed protocols for a transposon insertion sequencing–based DNase agar screen, a quantitative PCR nuclease screen, and PCR transposon insertion confirmation are included in this article. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: DNase agar colony screen of Campylobacter jejuni transposon insertion sequencing library isolatesBasic Protocol 2: Quantitative PCR nuclease screen of transposon insertion sequencing library isolatesBasic Protocol 3: PCR transposon insertion confirmation
Citrate‐Citric Acid RNA Isolation (CiAR) for Fast, Low‐Cost, and Reliable RNA Extraction from Multiple Plant Species and Tissues
Authors: Oñate‐Sánchez Luis , Verdonk Julian C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRNA isolation is routinely carried out in many laboratories for different downstream applications. Although protocols for this can vary between labs depending on the specific plant species and tissues under study and the preferences of their researchers, these protocols usually include the use of volatile organic and toxic chemicals. As an alternative, several companies offer less hazardous RNA extraction kits, but these kits significantly increase the cost per sample and are thus not affordable for every lab, especially when a large number of samples is to be processed. We have previously described a fast and efficient method for RNA isolation from plant vegetative tissues that requires only two home‐made, simple, inexpensive, and nontoxic buffers. Both buffers have low concentrations of citric acid and its sodium salt. The first buffer also contains a detergent to help with nucleic acid solubilization while keeping RNases inactive. The second buffer has sodium chloride at high molarity to separate protein from nucleic acids. RNA is precipitated, and contaminating DNA can then be optionally removed. Here, we describe and expand on this approach, which we call the citrate–citric acid RNA isolation, or CiAR, method. We provide a detailed description of the protocol, describe a modification to make it compatible with non‐vegetative tissues, and compile and extend the number of species and tissues to which it can be applied. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Enhanced current mirror circuit by dual‐gate coplanar amorphous InGaZnO TFTs
Authors: Rahaman Abidur , Adhikary Apurba , Hossain Mohammad Amzad , Islam Md Mobaidul , Jang Jin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this brief report, we state current mirror (CM) circuit employed by coplanar amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with dual‐gate structure. The 2‐TFT conventional structure with different mirroring ratios and 4‐TFT cascode type are investigated. We compared the CM circuit performances made of the dual‐gate (DG) and single‐gate (SG) TFTs. At higher mirror gain, the percentage of error increases due to the issues such as TFT performance uniformity and threshold voltage shift. It is found that the DG‐based CM circuit shows excellent mirror gain even at 10× with only 2% error.