bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Daikenchuto for Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Enteral Feeding Intolerance: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis Using a Nationwide Administrative Inpatient Database
Authors: Ohbe Hiroyuki , Jo Taisuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundDaikenchuto, a Japanese herbal Kampo medicine, is used to improve gastrointestinal motility in critically ill patients with enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) in Japan. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Daikenchuto for critically ill patients with EFI.MethodsUsing the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from July 2010 to March 2018, we identified mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICUs) who had EFI during mechanical ventilation. We defined EFI as receipt of intravenous metoclopramide during mechanical ventilation. Patients who started Daikenchuto within 2 days of EFI onset were defined as the Daikenchuto group, and the remaining patients were defined as the control group. Propensity score–matched analyses were performed to compare the outcomes between the 2 groups.ResultsA total of 61,454 patients were included. Of these, 8842 patients (14%) were in the Daikenchuto group. One‐to‐one propensity score matching created 8701 matched pairs. After propensity score matching, the total number of days receiving enteral nutrition within 28 days of EFI onset was significantly longer in the Daikenchuto group than in the control group (risk difference, 0.9 days; 95% CI, 0.5–1.3 days). There were no significant differences in 28‐day in‐hospital mortality, hospital‐acquired pneumonia, ventilator‐free days, length of ICU stay, time to discharge alive, and adverse complications.ConclusionThis nationwide observational study suggested that use of Daikenchuto may increase the total number of days receiving enteral nutrition in mechanically ventilated patients with EFI.
Gas exchange variables as promising criteria for screening freezing‐tolerant faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landraces at early growth stages
Authors: Nabati Jafar , Hasanfard Alireza , Nezami Ahmad , Ahmadi‐Lahijani Mohammad Javad , Boroumand Rezazadeh Elaheh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotosynthesis is one of the parameters first affected by freezing stress. So studying the efficiency of photosynthetic parameters could be an effective strategy in screening freezing‐tolerant genotypes. An experiment was conducted to assess freezing temperature effects (0°C, −4°C, −8°C, −12°C, −16°C, −20°C, and −24°C) on two faba bean landraces (Borujerd and Neyshabur). Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content were decreased as the temperature declined below 0°C. Net photosynthetic and transpiration rate declined earlier in Neyshabur, whereas a relatively constant trend was observed in Borujerd at temperatures between 0°C and −12°C. A 43% greater Np was recorded in Borujerd than Neyshabur at −12°C. Np recovered by 30% and 36% in Borujerd and Neyshabur, respectively, on Day 14 compared with the second day of the recovery period. Except for Ci, which showed a relatively constant trend, the other parameters showed a decreasing trend till 7 days after freezing stress (DAF). WUEi increased more significantly in Neyshabur than in Borujerd after the seventh day of the recovery period. With a subtle evaluation of the landraces' freezing tolerance, both landraces LT50su and RDMT50 remained up to −10°C and −12.5°C, respectively, indicating faba bean plants (the landraces here) can tolerate freezing stress up to −10°C (by enduring minor damages). The positive relationship between the survival percentage and Np indicated that Np could be a reliable criterion to screen freezing‐tolerant faba beans at early growth stages.
Least‐squares virtual element method for the convection‐diffusion‐reaction problem
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Ying , He Yinnian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a least‐squares virtual element method for the convection‐diffusion‐reaction problem in mixed form. We use the (div) virtual element and continuous virtual element to approximate the flux and the primal variables, respectively. The method allows for the use of very general polygonal meshes. Optimal order a priori error estimates are established for the flux and the primal variables in suitable norms. The least‐squares method offers an efficient a posteriori error estimator without extra effort. Moreover, the hanging nodes are naturally treated in the virtual element method, which provides the high flexibility in mesh refinement because the local mesh postprocessing is never required. Both attractive features motivate us to develop the a posteriori error estimate of the method. Numerical experiments are shown to illustrate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the adaptive mesh refinement driven by the proposed estimator can efficiently capture the boundary and the interior layers.
A numerical method for solving variable‐order fractional diffusion equations using fractional‐orderTaylorwavelets
Authors: Vo Thieu N. , Razzaghi Mohsen , Toan Phan Thanh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to provide a new numerical method for solving variable‐order fractional diffusion equations. The method is constructed using fractional‐order Taylor wavelets. By using the regularized beta function, a formula for computing the exact value of Riemann‐Liouville fractional integral operator of the fractional‐order Taylor wavelets is given. The Taylor wavelets properties and the formula are used in combination with a spectral collocation method to reduce the given diffusion equation to a system of algebraic equations. The method is easy to implement, and gives very accurate solutions. Several examples are given to show the applicability and the effectiveness of the method.
A superlinear convergence scheme for the multi‐term and distribution‐order fractional wave equation with initial singularity
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Zhang Jingna , Arshad Sadia , Tang Yifa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a superlinear convergence scheme for the multi‐term and distribution‐order fractional wave equation with initial singularity is proposed. The initial singularity of the solution of the multi‐term time fractional partial differential equation often generate a singular source, it increases the difficulty to numerically solve the equation. Thus, after discretizing the spatial distribution‐order derivative by the midpoint quadrature, an integral transformation is applied to deal with the temporal direction for obtaining a temporal superlinear convergence scheme based on the uniform mesh. Then, the fully discrete scheme is constructed by using Crank–Nicolson technique and L1 approximation in time, and fractional centered difference approximation in space. The convergence and stability of the proposed scheme are rigorously analyzed. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to support the theoretical results of our scheme.
New oral cytodiagnostic criteria predict change to oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and cancerization
Authors: Suzuki Taiki , Isaka Eisaku , Hiraga Chiho , Akiyama Yurie , Okamura Masahiro , Oomura Yusuke , Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Sato Kazumichi , Tanaka Yoichi , Nomura Takeshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the specificity of the new oral cytodiagnostic criteria and whether the new criteria predict change to oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and cancerization for leukoplakia and oral lichen planus (OLP).Study designFifty‐three cases of leukoplakia without OED and 126 cases of OLP were included in this study. Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) was performed just before biopsy. We evaluated the specificity of the new oral cytodiagnostic criteria and the rates of change to OED and cancerization for each cytodiagnosis in leukoplakia and OLP.ResultsOne hundred and seventy patients were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), seven had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), and two were indefinite for neoplasia (IFN). The specificity was 95% and the rates of OED change and cancerization in the observation period were 3.4% and 1.7%. In leukoplakia, there was a significant difference in the rates of change to OED and cancerization between negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) and LSIL (odds ratio: 12.9; 95% CI: 1.72‐96.73).ConclusionsThe new oral cytodiagnostic criteria have high specificity for oral mucosal lesions. And, it was suggested that the cases diagnosed with LSIL using new criteria have a high possibility of change to OED or cancerization in leukoplakia.
Bone marrow trephine biopsies from posterior superior iliac crest in neonates
Authors: Bartakke Sandip , Lukade Umesh , Sethuratnam Shrividya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCytopenias are common among neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Although, bone marrow aspirations (BMAs) are often performed as part of diagnostic workup, but trephine bone marrow biopsies (BMBs) have not been reported from living neonates. BMB is indispensable to accurately assess the cellularity and architecture. There is paucity of literature regarding the technique of BMB in neonates. In this report, for the first time, we describe trephine BMB from posterior superior iliac crest (PSIC) using 18‐gauge BMA needle in six living neonates admitted to NICU where BMB findings helped in understanding the underlying mechanism and diagnosis of cytopenias.
Comparison of chemotherapy with or without asparaginase for extranodal nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma in children and adolescents
Authors: Zhen Zijun , Huang Huiqiang , Lin Tongyu , Li Zhiming , Zhen Xi , Xia Zhongjun , Zhu Jia , Lu Suying , Sun Feifei , Wang Juan , Huang Junting , Sun Xiaofei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeAs extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) occurs rarely in children and adolescents, standardized therapy is yet to be determined. This study aimed to describe the clinical features and determine the optimal chemotherapy regimen for childhood ENKTL.MethodsThe treatment outcomes of radiotherapy combined with asparaginase‐based (P‐GEMOX or P‐GMED) or asparaginase‐absent chemotherapy regimens (CHOP, EPOCH, or NHL‐BFM‐90/95) in patients aged ≤18 years with newly diagnosed ENKTL from December 2006 to December 2018 were compared.ResultsAmong the 34 patients included in the study, 21 had stage I/II disease. The overall response rates of chemotherapy with or without asparaginase were 85.0% and 78.6%, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 54 months, the 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rates of patients with stage I/II and III/IV disease were 66.2 ± 11.3% and 26.0 ± 12.8%, respectively (P = .027). In stage III/IV patients treated with asparaginase‐based or asparaginase‐absent regimens, the 5‐year EFS rates were 40.0 ± 17.4% and 0%, respectively (P = .236). The 5‐year EFS rates of stage III/IV patients who received or did not receive hematopoietic stem cell transplant were 66.7 ± 27.2% and 11.1 ± 10.5%, respectively (P = .054). In addition, chemotherapy‐associated side effects were significantly less in patients treated with asparaginase‐based regimens as compared to asparaginase‐absent regimens in this cohort.ConclusionP‐GEMOX and P‐GMED regimens are effective and safe for treating childhood ENKTL.
Donor characteristics and intraoperative total nucleated cell count influence hematopoietic progenitor cell yield of healthy donor bone marrow grafts
Authors: Kalin Jacob , Nguyen Anh Thy H. , Oshrine Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBone marrow graft cell content impacts engraftment potential after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Surrogates, such as intraoperative total nucleated cell count (ioTNC), are of unclear utility in predicting final graft characteristics. In addition, demographic and clinical factors may influence graft cellular profile and recipient engraftment.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed marrow harvests at our institution performed between 2009 and 2019. During this time, an ioTNC was measured after 50% of the projected final graft volume was collected. Regression models were used to assess associations between ioTNC (cells/µL) and final graft CD34+ (cells/mL), and between graft and donor characteristics and final graft CD34+ (cells/mL).ResultsFifty‐three marrow harvests and donor‐recipient pairs were analyzed. Median (range) donor and recipient ages were 13 (0.7‐28) years and 9 (0.2‐21) years, respectively. The median ratio of donor/recipient weight was 1.225 kg (range 0.31‐7.13). Median total volume of harvested marrow was 15.3 mL/kg (range 4.3‐20.4) of donor weight and 19.4 mL/kg (range 4.7‐87.4) of recipient weight. Median ioTNC was 20 930/µL (range 6600‐44310) or 2.1 × 109/mL, corresponding to median predicted final graft TNC of 3.59 × 108/kg recipient weight (range 1.28‐19.42 × 108). Simple linear regression between ioTNC and CD34+ cells/mL resulted in an R2 of 0.42. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression produced a moderately predictive model consisting of ioTNC, donor age, and donor weight (adjusted R2 = 0.7) of final graft CD34+ cells/mL.ConclusionsioTNC and certain donor characteristics correlate moderately well with marrow product CD34+ cells/mL, potentially informing donor selection and marrow procurement strategies.
Missed connections: recombination and human aneuploidy
Authors: Hassold Terry J. , Hunt Patricia A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe physical exchange of DNA between homologs, crossing‐over, is essential to orchestrate the unique, reductional first meiotic division (MI). In females, the events of meiotic recombination that serve to tether homologs and facilitate their disjunction at MI occur during fetal development, preceding the MI division by several decades in our species. Data from studies in humans and mice demonstrate that placement of recombination sites during fetal development influences the likelihood of an MI nondisjunction event that results in the production of an aneuploid egg. Here we briefly summarize what we know about the relationship between aneuploidy and meiotic recombination and important considerations for the future of human assisted reproduction.
The impact of cognitive impairment on self‐regulatory styles in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Becker Jacqueline H. , Ezratty Charlotte , Jahan Nusrat , Goel Mita , Harris Yael Tobi , Lin Jenny J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveCognitive impairment (CI) is highly prevalent in breast cancer survivors (BCS), and can be a barrier to health‐promoting behaviours. However, the ways in which CI may affect self‐regulation or motivation to perform such behaviours have not been explored. We assessed if BCS with CI report greater extrinsic self‐regulation compared to those without CI and if this relationship persists after controlling for depression.MethodsWe recruited BCS with diabetes and assessed cognition and motivation to perform healthy diabetes management behaviours (e.g., diet and exercise). Participants completed a cognitive battery evaluating attention, working memory, executive functioning (EF), processing speed (PS), language and memory. The Treatment Self‐Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) assessed intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation. Depression was determined by a score ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test compared associations between CI and TSRQ scores.ResultsParticipants were 118 older adults (mean age 65 years). Participants with CI in the following domains had higher extrinsic self‐regulation scores compared to those without CI: attention (p < 0.01), PS (p = 0.01), EF (p < 0.01), language (p = 0.02; p = 0.04) and memory (p = 0.04; p = 0.03). After adjusting for depression, the relationship between CI and higher extrinsic self‐regulation scores remained significant.ConclusionsBCS with CI appear to rely more on external sources of motivation to perform health behaviours, regardless of depression. Future studies and interventions to improve health behaviours should consider screening for CI and involving caregivers for those with CI to improve outcomes.
Inhibiting the proteasome reduces molecular and biological impacts of the natural product insecticide, spinosad
Authors: Nguyen Joseph , Ghazali Razi , Batterham Philip , Perry Trent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide targets are often identified by mutations that confer resistance, but the intricacies of insecticide binding and downstream processes leading to insect death often remain obscure. Mutations in α6‐like nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes have been associated with high levels of resistance to spinosad in many insect species, including Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we aimed to expand our understanding of the effects of the natural product insecticide spinosad on its protein target, the α6 subunit, using genetic tools available in D. melanogaster.RESULTSFunctional, fluorescently tagged Dα6 subunits (Dα6YFP) were developed to allow observation of the protein in vivo. Larvae expressing Dα6YFP were exposed to a sub‐lethal concentration of spinosyn A (0.025 ppm) for 6 days, leading to a 64% reduction in fluorescence relative to unexposed larvae. Direct application of high doses of spinosyn A to dissected larval brains resulted in a visible 38.25% decrease in Dα6YFP within 20 min, indicating that degradation of the Dα6 protein occurred in response to spinosyn A exposure. Chemical inhibition of the proteasome system using the multiple myeloma treatment drug, PS‐341 reduced loss of Dα6YFP in response to spinosyn A at the 20‐min time point to 6.35%. In addition, in vivo administration of PS‐341 prior to spinosad exposure reduced the effect of spinosad on larval activity.CONCLUSIONBased on these data, we propose that exposure to spinosad leads to degradation of the α6‐like target protein, a potentially novel element in the mode of action of spinosyns that may contribute to their toxicity towards insects. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Stories of conflict: Ethnicity, social class, and difference in transnational divorce narratives
Authors: Sportel Iris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on a study of transnational divorce in Dutch–Moroccan and Dutch–Egyptian families, this paper will analyse the role of ethnicity, social class and difference in transnational divorce narratives. It will show how public narratives on marriage migration, fraudulent marriages and cultural difference influence the stories people tell about their marriage and subsequent divorce and how they make sense of their experiences. These public narratives are not limited to a national context but move across borders, circulating in transnational social fields. By studying at both intra‐ethnic and inter‐ethnic relationships, this paper also aims to further complicate notions of ethnicity in transnational relationships. By studying these two categories of transnational marriage together, it becomes clear how ethnicity intersects with other social inequalities such as social class as well as how differences ascribed to regional origin can produce ethnic differences even within inter‐ethnic marriages.
Self‐Anti‐Stacking 2D Metal Phosphide Loop‐Sheet Heterostructures by Edge‐Topological Regulation for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Quan Quan , Lai Zhengxun , Bao Yan , Bu Xiuming , Meng You , Wang Wei , Takahashi Tsunaki , Hosomi Takuro , Nagashima Kazuki , Yanagida Takeshi , Liu Chuntai , Lu Jian , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2D metal phosphide loop‐sheet heterostructures are controllably synthesized by edge‐topological regulation, where Ni2P nanosheets are edge‐confined by the N‐doped carbon loop, containing ultrafine NiFeP nanocrystals (denoted as NiFeP@NC/Ni2P). This loop‐sheet feature with lifted‐edges prevents the stacking of nanosheets and induces accessible open channels for catalytic site exposure and gas bubble release. Importantly, these NiFeP@NC/Ni2P hybrids exhibit a remarkable oxygen evolution activity with an overpotential of 223 mV at 20 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 46.1 mV dec−1, constituting the record‐high performance among reported metal phosphide electrocatalysts. The NiFeP@NC/Ni2P hybrids are also employed as both anode and cathode to achieve an alkaline electrolyzer for overall water splitting, delivering a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a voltage of 1.57 V, comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C||RuO2 couple (1.56 V). Moreover, a photovoltaic–electrolysis coupling system can as well be effectively established for robust overall water splitting. Evidently, this ingenious protocol would expand the toolbox for designing efficient 2D nanomaterials for practical applications.
Photonic Plasticines with Uniform Structural Colors, High Processability, and Self‐Healing Properties
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Jingjing , Ou Yangteng , Qin Yipeng , Wen Huilin , Dong Weiliang , Wang Rui , Chen Su , Yu Ziyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the vast variety of colloidal superstructures available in soft matter photonics, it remains challenging to balance the trade‐off between their optical microstructures and material processability. By synergizing colloidal photonics and dynamic chemistry, a type of photonic “plasticine” with characteristics of uniform structural colors, high processability, and self‐healing is demonstrated. Specifically, a boronate ester bond‐based macromonomer is first prepared through complexation between the diols of polyvinyl alcohol and the boronic acid group of 3‐(acrylamido) phenylboronic acid in the presence of concentrated silica colloids. Upon photopolymerization, the dynamic photonic plasticine is formed in situ as the result of the crosslinking of the boronate ester bonded networks. The randomly packed colloids inside the plasticine compose the amorphous photonic crystals, giving rise to angle‐independent structural colors that would not compromise during subsequent processing steps; the reversible nature of the boronate ester bonds endows the plasticine with self‐adaptable and self‐healing properties. Further, the plasticine is also compatible with common shaping methods, that is, cutting, molding, and carving, and thus can be facilely processed into 3D structural colored objects, holding great potentials in fields such as bio‐encoding, optical filters, anti‐counterfeiting, etc.
Exploring the Formation of Calcium Orthophosphate‐Pyrophosphate Chemical Gardens
Authors: Hughes Erik A. B. , Jones‐Salkey Owen , Forey Prescillia , Chipara Miruna , Grover Liam M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChemical gardens are characterised by the self‐assembly of mineralised abiotic architectures. Utilising the fundamental building blocks of bone mineral, namely calcium and orthophosphate ions, chemical gardens that recapitulate microstructural and compositional features of hard tissue can be grown. Interplay between orthophosphate and pyrophosphate species is highly relevant to natural mineral deposition processes, though this has yet to be explored in the context of generating biologically relevant chemical gardens. Here, tubular calcium orthophosphate‐pyrophosphate chemical gardens were grown from the interface between calcium loaded hydrogels ([Ca2+]=1 M) layered with different orthophosphate‐pyrophosphate solutions ([Pi]+[PPi]=0.7 M). We determine the effect of solution pyrophosphate content on chemical garden morphology and growth rate. Extracted structures were analysed by means of powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), revealing orthophosphate‐pyrophosphate solution dependent differences in precipitated mineral crystallinity, composition and microstructure, respectively. Lastly, the potential application of the structures is discussed in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.