bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Infant Feeding Algorithms Used to Identify Factors Associated with Infant Feeding Practices
Authors: Zhu Yeyi , Hernandez Ladia M. , Dong Yongquan , Mueller Peter , Hirschfeld Steven , Forman Michele R. 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to develop and validate infant feeding (IF) algorithms, and identify factors associated with IF practices among 1452 mother‐child pairs from 9 study centers in the National Children's Study Formative Research in Physical Measurements. A test set (N=300) was randomly selected using the remainder as a re‐test set. IF practices including exclusive breastfeeding (XBR), breast‐bottle feeding (BrBot), and exclusive bottle feeding (XBot) were categorized based on maternal recalls for children under six years of age. BrBot was further classified as formula and breast milk (BM) equally, more formula than BM, or more BM than formula. The distribution of XBR, BrBot and XBot did not differ between the test and re‐test sets by age, gender, or ethnicity but differed in one study center. A discriminant function analysis using child and maternal characteristics predicted 89% and 73% of the IF categories in the test and re‐test sets, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression showed mothers born outside the U.S. were more likely to feed by XBR and BrBot than XBot, compared to those U.S. born, adjusted for study centers (N=1452). For BrBot mothers, Non‐Hispanic Whites were more likely to feed more BM than formula than Non‐Hispanic Blacks. The developed and validated algorithms provide unique opportunities to assess associations between these IF practices and health outcomes.Grant Funding Source: NICHD #HHSN275200800020C
Infant and maternal bone status are associated in lactating adolescents when calcium intake is low but not following calcium plus vitamin D supplementation
Authors: Diogenes Maria Eduarda , Bezerra Flávia F. , Rezende Elaine P , Taveira Marcia Fernanda , Normando Paula , Pinhal Isabel , Donangelo Carmen 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during adolescent pregnancy on relationships between infant and maternal bone status during lactation. Adolescent mothers (13–19y) with dietary calcium intake ≈600 mg/d, received daily calcium (600 mg) plus vitamin D3 (200 IU) (n=30) or placebo (n=25) from 26 wk gestation until parturition. Infant and maternal DXA scans were done at 5 wk postpartum. Infant measures included total body bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), and bone mineral density (BMD). In mothers, BMD was measured at total body, lumbar spine (L1–L4), total hip and femoral neck. Associations between infant bone measurements and maternal BMD Z scores were evaluated by partial correlation analysis. In the placebo group, infant BMC and BA were negatively associated with maternal total BMD Z score (r = −0.40; P < 0.05 and r = −0.47; P < 0.02, respectively) while infant BMD was positively associated with mothers’ BMD Z scores at all evaluated regions (r ≥ 0.39; P ≤ 0.05). No associations between infant and maternal bone measurements were observed in the supplemented group. Our results suggest that in adolescent pregnancy the calcium demand for neonate bone accumulation is supplied at the expense of maternal bone mass when calcium intake is low.Financial support: CNPq and FAPERJ (Brazil).
Treadmill exercise training modulates PCSK9 metabolism in high fat fed mice
Authors: Wen Shin , Jadhav Kavita S , Williamson David L , Rideout Todd C 
Published: June 2021

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a novel biomarker of LDL clearance and is a potential therapeutic target of cardiovascular disease risk. Our objective was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise training in modulating PCSK9 metabolism and hepatic sterol regulation in a high fat fed C57Bl/6 mouse. Mice (n=8) were randomly assigned to a high fat diet (HF) or a high fat diet with exercise (HFE) group for 8 weeks. The HFE group was progressively trained 5 days/week on a motorized treadmill (up to 5% grade, 45 min/day, 26 m/min). Endpoint bodyweight was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the HFE group compared with the HF animals (48.36±1.60 vs 41.13±1.04 g). Aerobic training reduced (p<0.05) plasma LDL/VLDL and PCSK9 concentrations by 41 and 31%, respectively, compared with the HF group. Compared with the HF group, hepatic PCSK9 mRNA was increased (~2 fold, p<0.05) in the HFE group without a corresponding change (p>;0.05) in protein abundance. Aerobic exercise was further associated with an increase in hepatic LDLr mRNA (~1.4 fold, p<0.05) but no change (p>;0.05) in total tissue LDLr protein abundance was observed compared with the HF group. These results suggest that treadmill exercise modulates hepatic and blood PCSK9 metabolism and may underlie exercise‐induced lipid responses in high fat fed C57Bl/6 mice.Grant Funding Source: UB start up funds
Activity of GSHpx and toenail Se contents in Korean young adults
Authors: Lee Okhee , Chung Yongsam , Moon Jongwha 
Published: June 2021

Selenium, is a key constituent of enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, so effective in decreasing various oxidative stress. Toenail selenium level is a long term indicator for selenium nutritional status. The low activity of glutathione peroxidase in RBC is known to indicate a state of selenium deficiency. This study is aimed to measure the toenail selenium levels in Korean young adult and GSHpx activity in young adults. For the measurement of toenail selenium content, the instrumental activation analysis (=INAA) method was employed. Serums were subsequently used to analyze glucose and insulin level. The RBC was used to analyze the GSHpx activity. Toenail were washed in ultra‐sonicator and freeze‐dried at temperature of −60 C for 12~24 h. The toenail selenium contents were measured by INAA method using HANARO‐reactor. Analytical quality control was conducted using NIST SRMs. The toenail Se level and RBC GSHpx did not show significant difference by gender in our study participants. The toenail selenium status and GSHpx activity did not show significant correlation with insulin and glucose, but with c‐reactive protein level. This result suggests that the selenium status would be associated with inflammation in young adult and showed a vast research on the selenium status in Korean people is necessary for the evaluation of selenium association with risk factors for health.Grant Funding Source: National Research Foundation of Korea
Lepidium meyenii (maca) consumption prevent benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Noratto Giuliana , Condezo‐Hoyos Luis , Gasco Manuel , Gonzales Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

Lepidium meyenii (maca) is a Peruvian Andean with effects against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); a disease associated with male sexual dysfunction.BPH was induced in mice with two doses of testosterone enanthate (TE) (83mg/kg, day 1 and 7), a negative control received the vehicle. Experimental groups received TE alone or TE in combination with Finasteride (FN) (0.6 mg/Kg/day), a drug used to treat BPH, red maca (RM)( 167 mg/Kg/day), or black maca (BM)( 167 mg/Kg/day) extracts during 21 days. At the end of the study, weights of body and reproductive organs (prostate, seminal vesicles (SV), testicles, preputial glands (PG), and epididymis) were recorded and compared to negative controls.Results showed that TE induced BPH increasing weights of prostate and SV to 225% and 149% of negative controls, respectively. Treatments with FN, RM and BM prevented these effects and maintained prostate weights at 71%, 44%, and 82% of TE, respectively. The SV weights were maintained at 73%, 80% and 81% of TE, respectively. Weights of testicles, and PG were also increased by TE, and treatments with RM were more effective than BM or FN in maintaining weights closer to negative controls. Overall, RM protected against changes in weights of male reproductive organs that accompanied HPB at higher extent than FN or BM. The underlying mechanisms to explain the RM protective effects are being investigated.
Curcumin does not add to the quercetin‐induced decrease in TNF‐α production from lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Meaney Mary Pat , Neiman David C. 
Published: June 2021

Quercetin (QUER) and curcumin (CUR) have potent anti‐inflammatory effects; however, it is unclear whether these two plant‐derived phenolics can act synergistically to reduce inflammation in human cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a patented blend of QUER, vitamin C, and vitamin B3 (ratio 50:50:2) (QCB3), with or without CUR, could decrease the in vitro release of TNF‐α from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from four donors. To test this, isolated PBMCs were incubated in cRPMI media containing 25 μM QUER (in QCB3) and/or 15 μM CUR. After 1 h, PBMCs were stimulated with 0.1 μg/ml LPS for 23 h, and then the media was collected for TNF‐α determination by ELISA. The concentration of TNF‐α adjusted on a per cell basis was lower when compared to control wells for QCB3 (20.1±2.9%, P<0.0001), CUR (46.7±11.4%, P=0.0004), and QCB3+CUR (19.8±5.1%, P<0.0001) treated wells. In addition, the concentration of TNF‐α/cell was lower in QCB3+CUR treated wells than in wells treated with CUR alone (19.8±5.1% v. 46.7±11.4%, P=0.0494). These findings indicate that treatment with QCB3 and CUR decreases LPS‐stimulated TNF‐α production from PBMCs, but that the addition of 15 μM CUR to 25 μM QUER in QCB3 does not enhance the anti‐inflammatory effect of QUER.Supported by Quercegen Pharma.
Protective effect of Ecklonia cava polyphenol against ethanol‐induced liver injury in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Yamashita Haruka , Tamura Akiko , Sasaki Mio , Matsui‐Yuasa Isao , Terada Masaki , Kojima‐Yuasa Akiko 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionAlcoholic liver disease is characterized by a pathological process with progressive liver damage leading to steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and finally cirrhosis. Ethanol metabolism‐associated oxidative stress contributes to be the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Here, we examined the effect of the extract of Ecklonia cava, brown algae, on ethanol‐induced liver injury in rat primary hepatocytes.MethodsIsolated hepatocytes were cultured with or without 100 mM ethanol. Ecklonia cava polyphenol (ECP) was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. ECP (0~25 μg/ml) was added to culture medium with ethanol simultaneously. The cells were cultured for 0~24 hrs.ResultsIn the cultured hepatocytes, ECP treatment suppressed the ethanol‐induced increase in cell death by inhibiting cytochrome p450 2E1(CYP2E1) expression and activity, which is related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when large quantities of ethanol are oxidized. On the other hand, ECP treatment increased the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase.ConclusionThese results suggest that ECP protects against ethanol‐induced liver injury via regulating alcoholic metabolizing enzymes and then suppressing ROS production.
Genistein, a phytoestrogen from soybeans, and estradiol modulate cell growth in normal colonocytes and suppresses ACF formation induced by AOM and TNBS.
Authors: YOO GYHYE , Billimek Autumn , Weige Charles , Allred Clinton 
Published: June 2021

Studies indicate estrogens and estrogen signaling can reduce colorectal cancer incidence by altering cell homeostasis. Genistein (GEN) is a phytoestrogen that binds to estrogen receptors (ERs) and may influence the development of colon cancer. Our laboratory has studied the effect of GEN on cell growth in young adult mouse colonocytes (YAMC), a non‐malignant colon cell line, and on tumor formation in mice. GEN (1 or 10 μM) as well as estradiol (E2, 1 nM) suppressed cell growth while no change on cell proliferation in YAMC cells. GEN or E2 resulted in increased Caspase‐3 activity and p53 trascriptional activity in YAMC cells. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were utilized to determine the effect of GEN on healthy colon mucosa. Mice were treated with either a subcutaneous E2 pellet, 1000 ppm GEN diet, or a phytoestrogen free diet (Control). E2 animals showed an increase in apoptosis with GEN animals showing a similar trend in apoptosis. In a second animal study, mice were OVXed, treated with an E2 pellet, GEN or Control diet, and exposed to azoxymethane, a colon specific carcinogen, and 2, 4, 6‐trinitro benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), a proinflammatory agent, to examine the effects of GEN on inflammation associated colon carcinogenesis. Treatment with E2 and GEN suppressed aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation compared to control. Future analyses of these tissues will investigate the effects of GEN and E2 on apoptosis and proliferation.Grant Funding Source: AICR and ACS
Impact of Tart Cherry Anthocyanins and Dietary Carbohydrate Sources on Intestinal Tumorigenesis in APCMin/+ mice
Authors: Walker Ryan , Bourquin Lesie 
Published: June 2021

Consumption of tart cherry anthocyanins (TCA) has been demonstrated to reduce the development of intestinal tumors in APCMin/+ mice, whereas high‐sucrose diets have been shown to increase intestinal tumor development in this model. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of TCA to reduce intestinal tumorigenesis in APCMin/+ mice consuming diets rich in sucrose and other dietary carbohydrates. Mice were assigned to six different modified AIN‐93G diets, which contained one carbohydrate source (starch, sucrose, or glucose) and TCA (0 or 800 mg/kg). To enhance tumor development, mice were injected for three consecutive weeks with azoxymethane (8 mg/kg) prior to treatment. Mice consuming the sucrose diet without TCA had the greatest adenoma burden in the colon compared to mice consuming sucrose‐TCA, glucose‐TCA, glucose, and starch (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences between other diets were observed in the colon. Mean tumor burden in mice consuming sucrose without TCA was 1.9 to 5.2 times higher when compared to all other diets. These results demonstrate that feeding TCA reduces the additional intestinal adenoma development observed in APCMin/+ mice consuming sucrose.Grant Funding Source: MSU Internal Funding
GSTM1 null‐allele polymorphism, oxidative stress and HIV disease progression in an HIV‐infected population
Authors: Parsons Mary , Baum Marianna K , Shin Dong‐Ho , Martinez Janet Diaz , Williams Shawn , Greer Pedro , Martinez Sabrina Sales , Campa Adriana 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the effects GSTM1 null‐allele polymorphism on oxidative stress (OS) and disease progression in HIV+ adults.MethodsGSTM1 genotype was determined by quantitative PCR. OS (mitochondrial 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, and Complex I and IV) and HIV disease (CD4 count and viral load) markers were measured in 129 HIV+ adults. Those with BMI >;28kg/m2 were excluded. Gene copies were not quantified, thus the Hardy‐Weinberg formula was not applicable.ResultsFunctional GSTM1 occurred in 66% (62/94) Blacks, and 33% (11/33) of the Caucasians. Those with functional GSTM1 had higher CD4 count (β=5.55, p=0.04), and lower viral load (β=−1.11, p=0.001), and mitochondrial 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (β−0.28, p=0.03). Complex I activity (β=7.53. p=0.04) was increased over time compared to those with null‐allele GSTM1, controlling for other variables affecting OS.ConclusionThe presence of a functional GSTM1 genotype is associated with improved antioxidant activity over time. GSTM1 null‐allele polymorphism appears to have a detrimental effect on immune function and viral load control, suggesting a potential benefit from antioxidants in HIV infected patients with the defective gene.Supported by NIDA
Smooth muscle nitric oxide responsiveness predicts clinical maturation of hemodialysis fistulae
Authors: Hou Xiuyun , Dember Laura M , Wason Chris , Cohen Richard A , Tong Xiaoyong , Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study Group  
Published: June 2021

The arteriovenous fistula is the preferred type of hemodialysis vascular access for patients with end‐stage renal disease, but 50% of newly created fistulas fail to mature adequately for use. Stenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia is present in a large proportion of fistulae with maturation failure suggesting that local mechanisms controlling vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration are important contributors to maturation failure. Our objective is to manipulate local factors present in the vein at the time of fistula surgery in order to prevent maturation failure. Using SMC explants from vein tissue obtained at the time of fistula creation from patients enrolled in the NIH Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study, we find that among patients with subsequent fistula maturation failure, •NO inhibits SMC migration significantly less. Using strategies initially developed in animal models, we find that impaired •NO inhibition is associated with oxidation of the calcium regulatory protein, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), and can be reversed by overexpressing SERCA or by down‐regulating Nox4 NADPH oxidase. Our data suggest that SMC •NO responsiveness may be predictive of fistula maturation outcome and that therapeutic restoration of •NO responsiveness through manipulation of local factors may prevent fistula maturation failure.Funding: R21DK084390 and R01 HL31607
Hyperactivity and Cognitive Flexibility in animals with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Ramos Fabiane Ochai , Cysneiros Roberta Monterazzo , Scorza Fulvio Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

The temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can have a substantial impact on cognitive process. The rate of prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy is estimated from 12 to 39%, but the relationship between these two diseases is poorly understood and no validated animal models is available to exlplore this issue. This study investigated the cognitive flexibility and hyperactivity of animals with TLE. Male Wistar rats at 25 days post‐natal were submitted to epilepsy model by systemic administration of pilocarpine and controls received saline 0.9%. Diazepam (7,5 mg/kg. sc) was administered 3h after the onset of status epilepticus to stop or reduce behavioral seizures. Behavioral tests began at 60 days postnatal. The animals were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Operant conditioning box was used to evaluate executive functions: hyperactivity and cognitive flexibilility. Experimental group showed higher activity (total of lever press) [F[1,24] =48,26, p=0,0001] and reduced percentage of correct response [F[1,24] = 20.15, p=0,0020] than control group. In summary, the results suggest that epileptic animals exhibit hyperactive behavior, reduced performance on task and preservated cognitive flexibility.Supported by CNPq.
Pathology of the Nile rat developing type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lyons Jeremiah , Brown Frances , Remillard Darryn E , Bolsinger Julia , Hayes KC 
Published: June 2021

The Nile rat (NR) develops metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a manner similar to humans (NutrMetab 7: 29, 2010). To characterize the pathology of developing T2DM, relevant organs (pancreas, liver, kidney) were examined histopathologically. Immunohistochemical analyses of the pancreatic β cells were performed, as well. Fatty infiltration of the pancreas and hepatic steatosis were the most prevalent early lesions. Rats with advanced T2DM revealed a loss of pancreatic islet cells and insulin immunoreactivity. Hepatomegaly and discoloration were present macroscopically. This was confirmed as mid‐zonal to diffuse steatosis with microscopic foci of steatitis, accompanied by increased triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Hepatic steatosis was correlated with advancing T2DM, but was more pronounced in rats fed a modCHO/modFat diet compared to hiCHO/loFat rats, where clinical T2DM developed most rapidly. Selected chow‐fed diabetic rats >;1y of age with chronic hyperinsulinemia were found to have nodular hepatomas, not unlike non‐alcoholic steatohepatosis in humans. Histopathology of the kidney revealed the 4 stages of diabetic nephropathy described in humans, including early thickening of the glomerular basement membranes followed by thickening and increased interstitial fibrosis with end‐stage glomerular sclerosis.Funding source: Foster Biomed Res Lab and the Malaysian Palm Oil Board.
Lipoprotein metabolism indicators improve cardiovascular risk prediction
Authors: de Graaf Albert A , van Schalkwijk Daniel B , Tsivtsivadze Evgeni , Parnell Laurence D , van der Werff‐van der Vat Bianca J.C. , van Ommen Ben , van der Greef Jan , Ordovas Jose M 
Published: June 2021

We investigated whether lipoprotein metabolism indicators derived from a computational model (van Schalkwijk et al J Clin Bioinf 2011) could improve cardiovascular (CVD) risk prediction for 1981 subjects (145 cases, 1836 controls) from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort. We applied a statistical learning algorithm using a support vector machine to select conventional risk factors and lipoprotein metabolism indicators that contributed to predicting risk for general CVD. Improvement was quantified by the change in the Area‐Under‐the‐ROC‐Curve (ΔAUC) and by risk reclassification, using low, middle, and high risk categories (Net Reclassification Improvement, NRI), and a category‐independent method (Integrated Discrimination Improvement, IDI).Two calculated VLDL lipoprotein metabolism indicators improved CVD risk prediction. Added to a multivariate model with the best performing Framingham risk markers, these markers significantly improved CVD prediction (ΔAUC=0·0177 p=0·0055), risk reclassification (NRI=0·090 p=0·014) and the category‐independent method (IDI=0·051 p<0·0001). The novel risk markers could reclassify 25% (p<0·0001) of all subjects, who were inappropriately classified in the ‘intermediate risk’ category by Framingham markers, to the low risk category.Conclusiontwo calculated VLDL metabolism indicators significantly improved CVD risk prediction.
Hypoxia, Hyperoxia or pH ? Predominant Factors in Tumor Cell Survival
Authors: Mazzio Elizabeth , Soliman Karam FA 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe study of hyperoxia vs. hypoxia on tumor cell survival is often studied under experimental conditions that do not control for the shift in pH.MethodsHere, we examine the molecular genetic effects of (~91% O2 (hyperoxia) vs. ~2.5% O2 (hypoxia)) at a uniform pH ~7.2 using microarrays, HPLC, imaging probes and Western blot.ResultsHyperoxic and Hypoxic culture conditions for 24 hrs had no adverse effect on viability in malignant N2a cells, provided pH was neutral with ample glucose supply. The hyperoxic transcriptome showed elevation of mRNA of 42 mitochondrial genes, DNA/base excision repair, G protein signaling, protein synthesis, transcription and ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis. The hypoxic transcriptome corresponded to major elevations in epigenetic (lysine (K)‐specific demethylases, H4k/d/j, Hist4h4, Hist2h3c1, Rara and REST corepressor 2) with greater expression of protein/mRNA for solute carrier family 16, member 3 MCT‐4 (lactate transporter). Blocking MCT‐4 (phloretin) lead to an alkaline shift in both pHex/pHi, corresponding to cell toxicity.ConclusionsTumor cells are capable of acclimatizing to extreme variation in O2, but are highly intolerant to factors that invoke alkalinity to the inclusion of rising levels of O2 or impeding lactate release. (Supported by NIH G12RR 03020, 8G12MD007582–28 and 1P20 MD006738–01))