bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of pre-pregnancy body mass index and rate of weight gain during pregnancy with maternal indicators of cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Omaña-Guzmán Luz Isabel , Ortiz-Hernández Luis , Ancira-Moreno Mónica , Morales-Hernández Vanesa , O’Neill Marie S. , Vadillo-Ortega Felipe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background/objective
Changes in metabolism and extensive hemodynamic adjustments occur during normal pregnancy. The presence of maternal obesity imposes an overload to these physiological adaptations that may result in increased risk for the development of cardiometabolic complications during and after pregnancy. The aim of this study is to describe total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), glucose, and arterial blood pressure (BP) trajectories and to analyze the association of these cardiometabolic risk indicators during pregnancy with pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and monthly gestational weight gain (MGWG).

Subjects/methods
A prospective cohort study of pregnant women was conducted in Mexico City. Monthly samples of blood were taken during clinical follow-up and biochemical and blood pressure were measured during each visit. Adjusted linear mixed-effect regression models were fit to describe the trajectories of these biomarkers during pregnancy and to analyze the association with pBMI and MGWG.

Results
Seven hundred and twenty women were included of which 16.6% had pre-gestational obesity, 33.2% had pre-gestational overweight, 45.8% had normal pBMI and 4.4% had pre-gestational underweight. Women with pre-gestational obesity had higher lipids concentrations in the beginning of pregnancy (TC: $$\hat \beta$$

β

̂

= 33.08, p = 0.010; TG: $$\hat \beta$$

β

̂

= 31.29, p = <0.001) but the concentrations increased less than in women with normal pBMI (TC: $$\hat \beta$$

β

̂

= −14.18, p = 0.001; TG: $$\hat \beta$$

β

̂

= −5.42, p < 0.001). By the end of pregnancy, women with pre-gestational obesity had lower concentrations of lipids than women with normal pBMI. By contrast, women with pre-gestational obesity had higher glucose concentrations and higher BP levels than women with normal pBMI over pregnancy.

Conclusions
pBMI is differentially associated with longitudinal trajectories of maternal biochemical markers of cardiometabolic risk. MGWG did not significantly affect the biochemical indicators or BP trajectories. Our results suggest that pBMI is more relevant to predicting adverse cardiometabolic markers trajectories during pregnancy than MGWG.
High-temperature superconductivity on the verge of a structural instability in lanthanum superhydride
Authors: Sun Dan , Minkov Vasily S. , Mozaffari Shirin , Sun Ying , Ma Yanming , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Eremets Mikhail I. , Balicas Luis , Balakirev Fedor F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe possibility of high, room-temperature superconductivity was predicted for metallic hydrogen in the 1960s. However, metallization and superconductivity of hydrogen are yet to be unambiguously demonstrated and may require pressures as high as 5 million atmospheres. Rare earth based “superhydrides”, such as LaH10, can be considered as a close approximation of metallic hydrogen even though they form at moderately lower pressures. In superhydrides the predominance of H-H metallic bonds and high superconducting transition temperatures bear the hallmarks of metallic hydrogen. Still, experimental studies revealing the key factors controlling their superconductivity are scarce. Here, we report the pressure and magnetic field dependence of the superconducting order observed in LaH10. We determine that the high-symmetry high-temperature superconducting Fm-3m phase of LaH10 can be stabilized at substantially lower pressures than previously thought. We find a remarkable correlation between superconductivity and a structural instability indicating that lattice vibrations, responsible for the monoclinic structural distortions in LaH10, strongly affect the superconducting coupling.
Gut microbiome drives individual memory variation in bumblebees
Authors: Li Li , Solvi Cwyn , Zhang Feng , Qi Zhaoyang , Chittka Lars , Zhao Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe potential of the gut microbiome as a driver of individual cognitive differences in natural populations of animals remains unexplored. Here, using metagenomic sequencing of individual bumblebee hindguts, we find a positive correlation between the abundance of Lactobacillus Firm-5 cluster and memory retention on a visual discrimination task. Supplementation with the Firm-5 species Lactobacillus apis, but not other non-Firm-5 bacterial species, enhances bees’ memory. Untargeted metabolomics after L. apis supplementation show increased LPA (14:0) glycerophospholipid in the haemolymph. Oral administration of the LPA increases long-term memory significantly. Based on our findings and metagenomic/metabolomic analyses, we propose a molecular pathway for this gut-brain interaction. Our results provide insights into proximate and ultimate causes of cognitive differences in natural bumblebee populations.
Carbon response of tundra ecosystems to advancing greenup and snowmelt in Alaska
Authors: Kim JiHyun , Kim Yeonjoo , Zona Donatella , Oechel Walter , Park Sang-Jong , Lee Bang-Yong , Yi Yonghong , Erb Angela , Schaaf Crystal L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ongoing disproportionate increases in temperature and precipitation over the Arctic region may greatly alter the latitudinal gradients in greenup and snowmelt timings as well as associated carbon dynamics of tundra ecosystems. Here we use remotely-sensed and ground-based datasets and model results embedding snowmelt timing in phenology at seven tundra flux tower sites in Alaska during 2001–2018, showing that the carbon response to early greenup or delayed snowmelt varies greatly depending upon local climatic limits. Increases in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) due to early greenup were amplified at the higher latitudes where temperature and water strongly colimit vegetation growth, while NEP decreases due to delayed snowmelt were alleviated by a relief of water stress. Given the high likelihood of more frequent delayed snowmelt at higher latitudes, this study highlights the importance of understanding the role of snowmelt timing in vegetation growth and terrestrial carbon cycles across warming Arctic ecosystems.
Heterogeneous recruitment abilities to RNA polymerases generate nonlinear scaling of gene expression with cell volume
Authors: Wang Qirun , Lin Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile most genes’ expression levels are proportional to cell volumes, some genes exhibit nonlinear scaling between their expression levels and cell volume. Therefore, their mRNA and protein concentrations change as the cell volume increases, which often have crucial biological functions such as cell-cycle regulation. However, the biophysical mechanism underlying the nonlinear scaling between gene expression and cell volume is still unclear. In this work, we show that the nonlinear scaling is a direct consequence of the heterogeneous recruitment abilities of promoters to RNA polymerases based on a gene expression model at the whole-cell level. Those genes with weaker (stronger) recruitment abilities than the average ability spontaneously exhibit superlinear (sublinear) scaling with cell volume. Analysis of the promoter sequences and the nonlinear scaling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae’s mRNA levels shows that motifs associated with transcription regulation are indeed enriched in genes exhibiting nonlinear scaling, in concert with our model.
Fluid-injection-induced earthquakes characterized by hybrid-frequency waveforms manifest the transition from aseismic to seismic slip
Authors: Yu Hongyu , Harrington Rebecca M. , Kao Honn , Liu Yajing , Wang Bei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAseismic slip loading has recently been proposed as a complementary mechanism to induce moderate-sized earthquakes located within a few kilometers of the wellbore over the timescales of hydraulic stimulation. However, aseismic slip signals linked to injection-induced earthquakes remain largely undocumented to date. Here we report a new type of earthquake characterized by hybrid-frequency waveforms (EHWs). Distinguishing features from typical induced earthquakes include broader P and S-pulses and relatively lower-frequency coda content. Both features may be causally related to lower corner frequencies, implying longer source durations, thus, either slower rupture speeds, lower stress drop values, or a combination of both. The source characteristics of EHWs are identical to those of low-frequency earthquakes widely documented in plate boundary fault transition zones. The distribution of EHWs further suggests a possible role of aseismic slip in fault loading. EHWs could thus represent the manifestation of slow rupture transitioning from aseismic to seismic slip.
Plasma virome and the risk of blood-borne infection in persons with substance use disorder
Authors: Kandathil Abraham J. , Cox Andrea L. , Page Kimberly , Mohr David , Razaghi Roham , Ghanem Khalil G. , Tuddenham Susan A. , Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Evans Jennifer L. , Coller Kelly E. , Timp Winston , Celentano David D. , Ray Stuart C. , Thomas David L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need for innovative methods to reduce transmission of bloodborne pathogens like HIV and HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID). We investigate if PWID who acquire non-pathogenic bloodborne viruses like anelloviruses and pegiviruses might be at greater risk of acquiring a bloodborne pathogen. PWID who later acquire HCV accumulate more non-pathogenic viruses in plasma than matched controls who do not acquire HCV infection. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of those non-pathogenic virus sequences reveals drug use networks. Here we find first in Baltimore and confirm in San Francisco that the accumulation of non-pathogenic viruses in PWID is a harbinger for subsequent acquisition of pathogenic viruses, knowledge that may guide the prioritization of the public health resources to combat HIV and HCV.
Revealing topology with transformation optics
Authors: Lu Lizhen , Ding Kun , Galiffi Emanuele , Ma Xikui , Dong Tianyu , Pendry J. B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSymmetry deepens our insight into a physical system and its interplay with topology enables the discovery of topological phases. Symmetry analysis is conventionally performed either in the physical space of interest, or in the corresponding reciprocal space. Here we borrow the concept of virtual space from transformation optics to demonstrate how a certain class of symmetries can be visualised in a transformed, spectrally related coordinate space, illuminating the underlying topological transitions. By projecting a plasmonic system in a higher-dimensional virtual space onto a lower-dimensional system in real space, we show how transformation optics allows us to construct a topologically non-trivial system by inspecting its modes in the virtual space. Interestingly, we find that the topological invariant can be controlled via the singularities in the conformal mapping, enabling the intuitive engineering of edge states. The confluence of transformation optics and topology here can be generalized to other wave realms beyond photonics.
Structure of HIV-1 Vpr in complex with the human nucleotide excision repair protein hHR23A
Authors: Byeon In-Ja L. , Calero Guillermo , Wu Ying , Byeon Chang H. , Jung Jinwon , DeLucia Maria , Zhou Xiaohong , Weiss Simon , Ahn Jinwoo , Hao Caili , Skowronski Jacek , Gronenborn Angela M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHIV-1 Vpr is a prototypic member of a large family of structurally related lentiviral virulence factors that antagonize various aspects of innate antiviral immunity. It subverts host cell DNA repair and protein degradation machineries by binding and inhibiting specific post-replication repair enzymes, linking them via the DCAF1 substrate adaptor to the Cullin 4 RING E3 ligase (CRL4DCAF1). HIV-1 Vpr also binds to the multi-domain protein hHR23A, which interacts with the nucleotide excision repair protein XPC and shuttles ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome. Here, we report the atomic resolution structure of Vpr in complex with the C-terminal half of hHR23A, containing the XPC-binding (XPCB) and ubiquitin-associated (UBA2) domains. The XPCB and UBA2 domains bind to different sides of Vpr’s 3-helix-bundle structure, with UBA2 interacting with the α2 and α3 helices of Vpr, while the XPCB domain contacts the opposite side of Vpr’s α3 helix. The structure as well as biochemical results reveal that hHR23A and DCAF1 use overlapping binding surfaces on Vpr, even though the two proteins exhibit entirely different three-dimensional structures. Our findings show that Vpr independently targets hHR23A- and DCAF1- dependent pathways and highlight HIV-1 Vpr as a versatile module that interferes with DNA repair and protein degradation pathways.
Autumn destabilization of deep porewater CO2 store in a northern peatland driven by turbulent diffusion
Authors: Campeau A. , Vachon D. , Bishop K. , Nilsson M. B. , Wallin M. B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe deep porewater of northern peatlands stores large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). This store is viewed as a stable feature in the peatland CO2cycle. Here, we report large and rapid fluctuations in deep porewater CO2concentration recurring every autumn over four consecutive years in a boreal peatland. Estimates of the vertical diffusion of heat indicate that CO2diffusion occurs at the turbulent rather than molecular rate. The weakening of porewater thermal stratification in autumn likely increases turbulent diffusion, thus fostering a rapid diffusion of deeper porewater CO2towards the surface where net losses occur. This phenomenon periodically decreases the peat porewater CO2store by between 29 and 90 g C m−2throughout autumn, which is comparable to the peatland’s annual C-sink. Our results establish the need to consider the role of turbulent diffusion in regularly destabilizing the CO2store in peat porewater.
Room-temperature dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced NMR spectroscopy of small biological molecules in water
Authors: Dai Danhua , Wang Xianwei , Liu Yiwei , Yang Xiao-Liang , Glaubitz Clemens , Denysenkov Vasyl , He Xiao , Prisner Thomas , Mao Jiafei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful and popular technique for probing the molecular structures, dynamics and chemical properties. However the conventional NMR spectroscopy is bottlenecked by its low sensitivity. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) boosts NMR sensitivity by orders of magnitude and resolves this limitation. In liquid-state this revolutionizing technique has been restricted to a few specific non-biological model molecules in organic solvents. Here we show that the carbon polarization in small biological molecules, including carbohydrates and amino acids, can be enhanced sizably by in situ Overhauser DNP (ODNP) in water at room temperature and at high magnetic field. An observed connection between ODNP13C enhancement factor and paramagnetic13C NMR shift has led to the exploration of biologically relevant heterocyclic compound indole. The QM/MM MD simulation underscores the dynamics of intermolecular hydrogen bonds as the driving force for the scalar ODNP in a long-living radical-substrate complex. Our work reconciles results obtained by DNP spectroscopy, paramagnetic NMR and computational chemistry and provides new mechanistic insights into the high-field scalar ODNP.
Visible-light-mediated catalyst-free synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids and peptide macrocycles
Authors: Wang Mengran , Wang Chao , Huo Yumei , Dang Xiaobo , Xue Hongxiang , Liu Liangyu , Chai Hongli , Xie Xiuling , Li Zhixuan , Lu Doudou , Xu Zhaoqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe visible light induced, photocatalysts or photoabsorbing EDA complexes mediated cleavage of pyridinium C-N bond were reported in the past years. Here, we report an ionic compound promote homolytic cleavage of pyridinium C-N bond by exploiting the photonic energy from visible light. This finding is successfully applied in deaminative hydroalkylation of a series of alkenes including naturally occurring dehydroalanine, which provides an efficient way to prepare β-alkyl substituted unnatural amino acids under mild and photocatalyst-free conditions. Importantly, by using this protocol, the deaminative cyclization of peptide backbone N-terminals is realized. Furthermore, the use of Et3N or PPh3 as reductants and H2O as hydrogen atom source is a practical advantage. We anticipate that our protocol will be useful in peptide synthesis and modern peptide drug discovery.
Molecular mechanisms and topological consequences of drastic chromosomal rearrangements of muntjac deer
Authors: Yin Yuan , Fan Huizhong , Zhou Botong , Hu Yibo , Fan Guangyi , Wang Jinhuan , Zhou Fan , Nie Wenhui , Zhang Chenzhou , Liu Lin , Zhong Zhenyu , Zhu Wenbo , Liu Guichun , Lin Zeshan , Liu Chang , Zhou Jiong , Huang Guangping , Li Zihe , Yu Jianping , Zhang Yaolei , Yang Yue , Zhuo Bingzhao , Zhang Baowei , Chang Jiang , Qian Haiyuan , Peng Yingmei , Chen Xianqing , Chen Lei , Li Zhipeng , Zhou Qi , Wang Wen , Wei Fuwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMuntjac deer have experienced drastic karyotype changes during their speciation, making it an ideal model for studying mechanisms and functional consequences of mammalian chromosome evolution. Here we generated chromosome-level genomes for Hydropotes inermis (2n = 70), Muntiacus reevesi (2n = 46), female and male M. crinifrons (2n = 8/9) and a contig-level genome for M. gongshanensis (2n = 8/9). These high-quality genomes combined with Hi-C data allowed us to reveal the evolution of 3D chromatin architectures during mammalian chromosome evolution. We find that the chromosome fusion events of muntjac species did not alter the A/B compartment structure and topologically associated domains near the fusion sites, but new chromatin interactions were gradually established across the fusion sites. The recently borne neo-Y chromosome of M. crinifrons, which underwent male-specific inversions, has dramatically restructured chromatin compartments, recapitulating the early evolution of canonical mammalian Y chromosomes. We also reveal that a complex structure containing unique centromeric satellite, truncated telomeric and palindrome repeats might have mediated muntjacs’ recurrent chromosome fusions. These results provide insights into the recurrent chromosome tandem fusion in muntjacs, early evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes, and reveal how chromosome rearrangements can reshape the 3D chromatin regulatory conformations during species evolution.
Pediatric COVID-19 patients in South Brazil show abundant viral mRNA and strong specific anti-viral responses
Authors: Fazolo Tiago , Lima Karina , Fontoura Julia C. , de Souza Priscila Oliveira , Hilario Gabriel , Zorzetto Renata , Júnior Luiz Rodrigues , Pscheidt Veridiane Maria , de Castilhos Ferreira Neto Jayme , Haubert Alisson F. , Gambin Izza , Oliveira Aline C. , Mello Raissa S. , de Bastos Balbe e Gutierres Matheus , Gassen Rodrigo Benedetti , Coimbra Lais Durço , Borin Alexandre , Marques Rafael Elias , Sartor Ivaine Tais Sauthier , Zavaglia Gabriela Oliveira , Fernandes Ingrid Rodrigues , Nakaya Helder I. , Varela Fernanda Hammes , Polese-Bonatto Márcia , Borges Thiago J. , Callegari-Jacques Sidia Maria , da Costa Marcela Santos Correa , de Araujo Schwartz Jaqueline , Scotta Marcelo Comerlato , Stein Renato T. , Bonorino Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 manifests as a milder disease in children than adults, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully characterized. Here we assess the difference in cellular or humoral immune responses of pediatric and adult COVID-19 patients to see if these factors contribute to the severity dichotomy. Children’s non-specific immune profile is dominated by naive lymphocytes and HLA-DRhighCX3CR1low dendritic cells; meanwhile, children show strong specific antibody and T cell responses for viral structural proteins, with their T cell responses differing from adults by having weaker CD8+TNF+ T cells responses to S peptide pool but stronger responses to N and M peptide pools. Finally, viral mRNA is more abundant in pediatric patients. Our data thus support a scenario in which SARS-CoV-2 infected children contribute to transmission yet are less susceptible to COVID-19 symptoms due to strong and differential responses to the virus.
Epigenetic interaction between UTX and DNMT1 regulates diet-induced myogenic remodeling in brown fat
Authors: Li Fenfen , Jing Jia , Movahed Miranda , Cui Xin , Cao Qiang , Wu Rui , Chen Ziyue , Yu Liqing , Pan Yi , Shi Huidong , Shi Hang , Xue Bingzhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrown adipocytes share the same developmental origin with skeletal muscle. Here we find that a brown adipocyte-to-myocyte remodeling also exists in mature brown adipocytes, and is induced by prolonged high fat diet (HFD) feeding, leading to brown fat dysfunction. This process is regulated by the interaction of epigenetic pathways involving histone and DNA methylation. In mature brown adipocytes, the histone demethylase UTX maintains persistent demethylation of the repressive mark H3K27me3 at Prdm16 promoter, leading to high Prdm16 expression. PRDM16 then recruits DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 to Myod1 promoter, causing Myod1 promoter hypermethylation and suppressing its expression. The interaction between PRDM16 and DNMT1 coordinately serves to maintain brown adipocyte identity while repressing myogenic remodeling in mature brown adipocytes, thus promoting their active brown adipocyte thermogenic function. Suppressing this interaction by HFD feeding induces brown adipocyte-to-myocyte remodeling, which limits brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity and compromises diet-induced thermogenesis, leading to the development of obesity.
Imprinted lncRNA Dio3os preprograms intergenerational brown fat development and obesity resistance
Authors: Chen Yan-Ting , Yang Qi-Yuan , Hu Yun , Liu Xiang-Dong , de Avila Jeanene M. , Zhu Mei-Jun , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Du Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMaternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring to obesity and metabolic disorders but little is known about the contribution of offspring brown adipose tissue (BAT). We find that MO impairs fetal BAT development, which persistently suppresses BAT thermogenesis and primes female offspring to metabolic dysfunction. In fetal BAT, MO enhances expression of Dio3, which encodes deiodinase 3 (D3) to catabolize triiodothyronine (T3), while a maternally imprinted long noncoding RNA, Dio3 antisense RNA (Dio3os), is inhibited, leading to intracellular T3 deficiency and suppression of BAT development. Gain and loss of function shows Dio3os reduces D3 content and enhances BAT thermogenesis, rendering female offspring resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity. Attributing to Dio3os inactivation, its promoter has higher DNA methylation in obese dam oocytes which persists in fetal and adult BAT, uncovering an oocyte origin of intergenerational obesity. Overall, our data uncover key features of Dio3os activation in BAT to prevent intergenerational obesity and metabolic dysfunctions.