bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Stochastic Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles to Nanostructured (Photo)Electrocatalysts for Renewable Power‐to‐X Applications via Scalable Flame Synthesis
Authors: Tran‐Phu Thanh , Daiyan Rahman , Ta Xuan Minh Chau , Amal Rose , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly routes from “Power‐to‐X” (P2X) technologies to sustainably harvest and store renewable energy with net‐zero CO2 emission are imperative. The concept of P2X relies on (photo)electrolysis of earth‐abundant molecules into value‐added products. For practical utilization, engineering robust, active, albeit inexpensive (photo)electrocatalysts via industrially compatible technologies is indeed crucial. In this context, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) stands as an emerging approach for one‐step synthesis of ready‐to‐use (photo)electrocatalysts with production rates of Kg h‐1 in lab‐scales. While features of FSP to engineer nanomaterials have been summarised, there is a need for more critical discussions on key factors, modulating properties of flame‐made catalysts. Therefore, this review article will first provide an overview about the concept of the P2X and catalyst development strategies. Unique characteristic of flame‐synthesized nano‐catalysts including compositions, fractal morphologies, defects, and active sites will be then critically discussed. Furthermore, a potential of FSP as an electrode‐assembly technique for one‐step preparation of catalysts on gas diffusion layers for industry‐relevant electrolyser testing will be presented. Finally, perspectives on challenges and opportunities of FSP for renewable energies will be raised. This will provide insights into the versatility and commercial viability of the FSP route for engineering novel nanostructured catalysts for renewable energy applications.
An Adenovirus‐Mimicking Photoactive Nanomachine Preferentially Invades and Destroys Cancer Cells through Hijacking Cellular Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Yu , Feng Shujun , Hu Getian , Fang Tianliang , Xie Deqiao , Lu Qiangbing , Xu Yurui , Shen Lida , Ning Xinghai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElevated glucose metabolism is an important hallmark of malignancy, and closely relates to cancer growth and progression, making it a promising target for cancer treatment. Herein, an adenovirus‐mimicking nanomachine (AMN) is developed for improving the management of malignancy, which has a unique core‐shell‐shell architecture consisting of gold nanorods (AuNR) and glucose oxidase (GOx) loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (core) @ manganese dioxide mineralized albumin (BSA‐MnO2) (interior shell) @ RGD peptide‐functionalized PEG (exterior shell). AMN selectively invades tumor cells and triggers metabolic competition to limit nutrient availability, which not only directly eliminates cancer cells, but enhances cancer response to the treatment. It is identified that AMN exhibits good photothermal efficacy, which significantly enhances GOx activity to kill cancer cells. Meanwhile, AMN triggers MnO2 catalyzed oxygen generation, further improving GOx mediated starvation therapy, which greatly inhibits the expression of heat shock proteins and in turn enhances photothermal efficacy, resulting in synergistic anticancer effects. In vivo studies demonstrate that AMN selectively accumulates in the tumor and effectively eliminates the tumor without side‐effects. Notably, AMN exhibits trimodal imaging capability of photothermal, photoacoustic, and CT imaging, allowing for sensitively detecting tumors. Therefore, a promising anticancer strategy is provided by hijacking cellular glucose metabolism, which has great anticancer potential.
Lithiophilic 3D Copper‐Based Magnetic Current Collector for Lithium‐Free Anode to Realize Deep Lithium Deposition
Authors: Zhang Jianli , Chen Haibo , Wen Ming , Shen Kang , Chen Qiang , Hou Guangya , Tang Yiping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLithium metal is the ideal anode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐based batteries. Nevertheless, lithium metal tends to accumulate on the surface of the current collector during the plating and stripping process to form lithium dendrites, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency and safety issues. Here, a lithiophilic 3D copper‐based magnetic current collector is designed by loading ferromagnetic nickel–cobalt alloy and lithiophilic zinc oxide onto the copper foam to create a lithium‐free anode. Under the micromagnetic field, the novel lithium‐free anode achieves a high level of deep lithium deposition (from 300 µm to about 1000 µm), successfully alleviating the large change of lithium volume. In addition, the Coulombic efficiency and cyclic stability are improved effectively. With a total capacity of 1 mA h cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2, the Coulombic efficiency of the above remains 95% at 590th‐cycle. Moreover, the symmetric cell can stably cycle for more than 560 h at 2 mA cm−2 with the capacity of 1 mA h cm−2. This novel strategy will potentially open up new horizons for lithium‐free anodes, which may be generalized to other advanced energy storage systems.
15.71% Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on Low‐Cost Synthesized Donor Molecules
Authors: Guo Jing , Qiu Beibei , Yang Dengchen , Zhu Can , Zhou Liuyang , Su Chunjen , Jeng U‐Ser , Xia Xinxin , Lu Xinhui , Meng Lei , Zhang Zhanjun , Li Yongfang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLow cost, high efficiency, and high stability are the three key issues of organic solar cells (OSCs) that should be carefully considered to meet the requirement of future commercial applications. Therefore, the development of high‐performance organic photovoltaic materials with low synthetic cost has been becoming a crucial challenge in the field of OSCs. Herein, two new low‐cost small‐molecule donors (SM‐BF1 and SM‐BF2) are designed and synthesized with a facile synthetic route by replacing 4‐bromo‐2‐fluorobenzenethiol and 4‐bromo‐3‐fluorobenzenethiol with low‐cost 4‐bromo‐2‐fluoro‐1‐iodobenzene and 4‐bromo‐3‐fluoro‐1‐iodobenzene as key raw materials. Besides, the influence of the chemical steric effect of the phenyl conjugated side chains of the benzodithiophene (BDT) unit on photophysical properties, charge transfer, and photovoltaic properties are deeply investigated by the modulation of fluorine atom substituted position. As a result, SM‐BF1 with ortho‐fluorinated substituent has outstanding crystallization properties and better miscibility with acceptor Y6 and exhibits more desirable morphology and more balanced charge‐carrier transport properties, leading to a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 15.71%. More encouragingly, according to the figure of merit (FOM) and the industrial figure of merit (i‐FOM) to evaluate the small‐molecule donors, the SM‐BF1‐based device has excellent potential for future commercial applications.
Charge‐Induced Structural Changes of Confined Copolymer Hydrogels for Controlled Surface Morphology, Rheological Response, Adhesion, and Friction
Authors: Deptula Alexander , Wade Matthew , Rogers Simon A. , Espinosa‐Marzal Rosa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ability to modulate polyacrylamide hydrogel surface morphology, rheological properties, adhesion and frictional response is demonstrated by combining acrylic acid copolymerization and network confinement via grafting to a surface. Specifically, atomic force microscopy imaging reveals both micellar and lamellar microphase separations in grafted copolymer hydrogels. Bulk characterization is conducted to reveal the mechanisms underlying microstructural changes and ordering of the polymer network, supporting that they stem from the balance between hydrogen bonding in the substrate‐grafted hydrogels, electrostatic interactions, and a decrease in osmotically active charges. The morphological modulation has direct impacts on the spatial distribution of surface stiffness and adhesion. Furthermore, lateral force measurements show that the microphase separations lead to speed and load‐dependent lubrication regimes as well as spatial variation of friction. A proof of concept via salt screening demonstrates the dynamic control of surface morphology and adhesion. This work advances the knowledge necessary to design complex hydrogel interfaces that enable spatial and dynamic control of surface morphology and thereby of friction and adhesion through modulation of hydrogel composition and surface confinement, which is of significance for applications in biomedical devices, soft tissue design, soft robotics, and other engineered tribosystems.
Photoelectric Dual Response Nonvolatile Memory Device Based on Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots and Fullerene Derivative Composite
Authors: Li Jinyong , Hou Jie , Zhang Bin , Chen Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLow‐dimensional nanomaterials have attracted attention due to their excellent electrical and optical properties. The development of nonvolatile memory device based on low‐dimensional nanomaterials is important for establishing high‐performance computers. In this work, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are physically blended with the fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and then polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is added to enhance the film‐forming properties of the material. The resulting composite thin film is sandwiched between aluminum and indium‐tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to form an Al/BPQDs/PCBM/PVP/ITO device. The device exhibits stable nonvolatile rewritable memory behavior, with on and off threshold voltages of −2.4 and +3.25 V, respectively, and an on/off ratio exceeding 103. In addition, the device exhibits a lower threshold voltage and higher conductivity upon increasing the light intensity under laser irradiation at 450 nm. Light‐induced electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy show that the existence of electric field‐induced charge transfer and light‐induced charge transfer in the composite thin film are responsible for the device's photoelectric dual‐response resistive characteristics.
Blackened calcium‐based composite particles and their apparent kinetics features for solar thermochemical energy storage
Authors: Teng Liang , Xuan Yimin , Liu Xianglei , Ding Yulong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe calcium looping (CaL) thermochemical thermal energy storage is one of the best high‐temperature heat storage schemes for 3th concentrating solar power (CSP) photothermal power. However, the application of this technology is greatly hindered by the low solar absorption capability and the poor cyclic stability of CaCO3/CaO‐based material. In this article, the solar absorbing capability of CaCO3 particles is enhanced by doping Mn‐Fe oxides, meanwhile, awns of setaria faberis (ASF) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are used as bio‐templates to generate pores inside the particles. The pore‐making process promotes the cyclic stability and carbonation kinetic features of the composite particles simultaneously. The test results show that the proposed particles possess adequate anti‐crushing strength, high cyclic stability, high solar absorption, and high carbonation rate. In addition, the apparent carbonation kinetic features of the composite porous particles are studied with the influencing factors such as CO2 partial pressure, reaction temperature, and particle morphology taken into consideration. A kinetic equation involving these parameters is developed with the thermogravimetry data of the prepared samples. By employing this kinetic function, the carbonation reaction of the prepared particles inside the carbonator becomes predictable, which is of great significance for the design and regulation of the carbonator achieving highly stable thermal output from the CaL thermochemical heat storage system.
High‐level mosaic monosomy 21 in a 13‐year‐old girl: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Viana Melissa Machado , Vianna Gabrielle Sousa , Carvalho Elen Rose Fontoura , da Costa Helena Beatriz Belo Lisboa Martins , de Aguiar Marcos José Burle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMonosomy 21 is an exceedingly rare and fatal chromosomal anomaly. Mosaic monosomy 21, however, can be observed in living patients. There have been discussions on whether there are liveborn cases with true mosaic full monosomy 21. Here, we report the case of a 13‐year‐old patient with mosaic full monosomy 21 who presented with postnatal microcephaly, low weight, facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, and severe intellectual disability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest patient with mosaic full monosomy 21 described so far and the first reported in Brazil.
Broadband Controllable Asymmetric Accelerating Beam via Bilayer Binary Acoustic Metasurfaces
Authors: Tang Shuai , Ren Bin , Feng Yuxin , Song Jie , Jiang Yongyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, asymmetric accelerating beam is achieved numerically and experimentally by taking advantage of a bilayer binary acoustic metasurface (BAM) composed of the rectangular cavity (bit ‘0’) and the waveguide with seven Helmholtz resonators (bit ‘1’). The fundamental physical mechanism is based on the different phase modulations induced from both sides of the structure because the left and right layers can be regarded as an angle‐selective refractor and an accelerating beam generator, respectively. The presented structure can work in a wide range of 5000–6000 Hz and switch from unidirectional to bidirectional transmission conveniently by altering the air gap between the two composing layers. Furthermore, asymmetric self‐focusing in a broadband is able to be realized as well by utilizing two symmetrical bilayer BAMs, which enriches the functionality of the design. Compared with previous asymmetric transmission devices, the authors' approach has the advantages of simple design, broadband multifunctionality, and tunable property, which may have promising applications in numerous acoustic fields including biomedical engineering, nondestructive testing, and acoustic communication.
Mesoporous silica nanospheres supported atomically precise palladium nanocluster: Highly efficient and recyclable catalysts in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and Heck reactions
Authors: Gao Taiping , Zhao Yining , Zhou Yilin , Kang Zhenlu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtomically precise palladium nanoclusters show great potential applications in the field of catalysis owing to its ultrasmall size and precise structure. This work, we report the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) supported [Pd3Cl(PPh3)3(PPh2)2]Cl catalysts (denoted as Pd3Cl/MSNs) for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and Heck coupling reactions of iodobenzene and styrenes. High uniform MSNs, with average diameter ≈110 nm, were prepared by sol–gel method, followed by Pd nanoclusters immobilization into the pore of MSNs. The MSNs supported Pd nanoclusters were well characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and diffuse reflectance optical spectrum. The results indicated that Pd3Cl nanoclusters after immobilized into the pores of MSNs are intact and possess good dispersibility. The catalytic performance of as‐prepared nanocomposites was evaluated by the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and Heck reactions. The 4‐nitrophenol could be completely conversion to 4‐aminophenol within 6 min. Meanwhile, the as‐prepared Pd3Cl/MSNs exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the Heck reactions between iodobenzenes and styrenes. The high catalytic activity of Pd3Cl/MSNs could be attributed to the large surface area and unique geometric structure of as‐prepared Pd nanoclusters. More importantly, the catalysts could be easily recycled by centrifugation and shows excellent reusability.
Improvement in liquid absorption of open‐cell polymeric foam by plasma treatment for food packaging applications
Authors: Alaizoki Alaa , Phillips Christopher , Parker David , Hardwick Craig , McGettrick James , Deganello Davide 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFree‐moving meat exudate in plastic packaging is perceived as unhygienic and unattractive by consumers. It facilitates the deterioration of meat quality and safety, increasing meat waste and loss. This work discusses an innovative approach in scavenging meat exudate within commercial plastic packaging. This involves improving the liquid absorption capabilities of open‐cell polystyrene (PS) foam through the application of oxygen plasma treatment rather than chemical wetting agents. The excited plasma species diffuse into the porous foam structure introducing polar oxygen groups onto the pore walls and improves their surface hydrophilicity. Hence, the foam pores, with enhanced wettability towards water‐based liquids, are proposed to have a larger sucking capillary pressure thus increasing the absorption capacity of the porous PS foam. The specific liquid absorption capacity of PS foam sheets (thickness: 5 mm) increased from 1.09 g g−1 (grams of exudate simulant liquid absorbed per gram of PS foam) to 8.78 g g−1 as a result of plasma treatment; an eightfold increase in liquid capacity (g g−1) that persisted even 60 days post treatment. This study demonstrates the practicality of using plasma treatment as a non‐chemical and efficient technology in scavenging meat and food exudates in plastic packaging.
Zustandsprognose von Ingenieurbauwerken auf Basis von digitalen Zwillingen und Bestandsdaten
Authors: Naraniecki Hubert , Hartung Robert , Marx Steffen , Klemt‐Albert Katharina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDer Zustand von Ingenieurbauwerken ist von besonderer Bedeutung für den Erhalt und sicheren Betrieb der Verkehrsinfrastruktur. Für ein wirtschaftliches Instandhaltungsmanagement ist die Kenntnis zum aktuellen Zustand eines Bauwerks daher zentral. Neben dem aktuellen Zustand ergeben sich wirtschaftliche Instandhaltungsstrategien aus der Kenntnis der zukünftigen Zustandsentwicklung eines Bauwerks. Durch eine intelligente Datenverknüpfung von Bestandsdaten kann die Entwicklung eines Bauwerks abgeschätzt und so vorausschauend Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen abgeleitet werden. Der Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz vor, wie auf Basis der Methode Building Information Modeling (BIM) und digitaler Bauwerksmodelle über die Verknüpfung mit betreiberbezogenen Bestandsdaten und Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) datenbasiert Prognosen zum Bauwerkszustand von Eisenbahnbrücken abgeleitet werden können. Hierfür werden Verfahren des Machine Learnings (ML) auf die Bestandsdaten zu den Brückenbauwerken der DB Netz AG angewendet und systembezogen ausgewertet. Durch das objektive und datengetriebene Bewertungsverfahren wird eine weitere Grundlage für belastbare Entscheidungen im Instandhaltungsmanagement gelegt.
Rho GTPases: Non‐canonical regulation by cysteine oxidation
Authors: Hurst Mackenzie , McGarry David J. , Olson Michael F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRho GTPases are critically important and are centrally positioned regulators of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By influencing the organization and architecture of the cytoskeleton, Rho proteins play prominent roles in many cellular processes including adhesion, migration, intra‐cellular transportation, and proliferation. The most important method of Rho GTPase regulation is via the GTPase cycle; however, post‐translational modifications (PTMs) also play critical roles in Rho protein regulation. Relative to other PTMs such as lipidation or phosphorylation that have been extensively characterized, protein oxidation is a regulatory PTM that has been poorly studied. Protein oxidation primarily occurs from the reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with amino acid side chain thiols on cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) residues. The versatile redox modifications of cysteine residues exemplify their integral role in cell signalling processes. Here we review prominent members of the Rho GTPase family and discuss how lipidation, phosphorylation, and oxidation on conserved cysteine residues affects their regulation and function.
Modelling change in self‐narratives and embodied experience: A multicase study and autoethnography
Authors: Hills John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article documents a multicase study of the researcher’s own clinical work with four clients who each presented with embodied expressions of distress. The researcher practised within a ‘narrative‐dialogical’ framework and set out to build theories of therapeutic change. However, a parallel thesis emerged during the project: an autoethnographic account in which the researcher’s uses of supervision, personal therapy, dreams and life events capture data on the ways in which the therapist’s theories of change are modelled in the therapeutic space—with varying degrees of confidence and success. Sessions were audio‐recorded and coded for qualitative markers indicating the emergence of novel self‐narratives. A reflexive narrative running throughout the work highlights the superordinate role of reflexivity in theory development. Therapeutic change was typified by an evolving internalised map of self and world, with corresponding change in embodied experience. The article highlights techniques deployed by the therapist in highlighting and building upon moments of innovation with the therapeutic process. As an analysis of one therapist’s practice and the experiences of their clients, the study generates theories for ongoing exploration and study. The continuous evolution of change concepts reflects the theory‐building work of clinicians in their everyday practice. The study highlights the use of self as research instrument and offers a candid and intimate example of how practitioner research might be structured and delivered.
Synthesis and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Effects of Novel N‐Benzyl‐4‐Methoxyaniline Derivatives
Authors: Bayrak Cetin , Yildizhan Gulsah , Kilinc Namik , Durdagi Serdar , Menzek Abdullah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the current study, starting from 4‐methoxyaniline, four Schiff bases were synthesized from benzaldehydes with Br and OMe. Corresponding N‐benzylanilines and their derivatives were obtained from reductions (by NaBH4) and substitutions (by acyl and tosyl chlorides) of these bases, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the sixteen compounds, twelve of which were novel compounds are examined. Then, we conducted molecular docking and binary QSAR studies to determine inhibitory‐enzyme interactions of compounds that show an inhibitory effect. Our results reveal that methoxyanilline‐derived compounds show good biological activities. The most active compound (22) has IC50 values of 2.83 μM. These novel AR enzyme inhibitors may open new avenues for better AR inhibitors in the future.
Origin of Morphology Change and Effect of Crystallization Time and Si/Al Ratio during Synthesis of Zeolite ZSM‐5
Authors: Jonscher Clemens , Seifert Markus , Kretzschmar Nils , Marschall Mathias S. , Le Anh Mai , Doert Thomas , Busse Oliver , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrothermal synthesis of ZSM‐5 is an often applied but incompletely understood procedure. In comparison to current research efforts that aim to produce complex micro‐mesoporous catalysts for the conversion of biogenic and bulky hydrocarbons, this work focuses on the dependency between Si/Al ratio and zeolite morphology of microporous ZSM‐5 to understand and to control the synthesis process. In two series of time dependent crystallization, kinetics were analyzed at Si/Al ratio 20 and 100 to optimize the crystallization time. Subsequently, zeolites with different Si/Al ratio were obtained and characterized. The results show a transition from a slow dissolution‐recrystallization process to a fast solid‐state‐transformation with increasing Si/Al ratio. This is followed by a switching morphology from clusters of small agglomerates to bigger spherical particles. Respective acid site density and zeolite morphology determine local residence time, hydride transfer behavior and finally selectivity towards aromatics and higher hydrocarbons during methanol conversion. This background should provide control of even more complex syntheses of porous catalysts.