bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward high thermal conductive aramid nanofiber papers: Incorporating hexagonal boron nitride bridged by silver nanoparticles
Authors: Zhuo Longhai , Chen Shanshan , Xie Fan , Qin Panliang , Lu Zhaoqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel thermal conductive and electrical insulation h‐BN@AgNPs/ANFs composite paper was fabricated by vacuum‐assisted filtration approach. Specifically, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) was incorporated via polydopamine pretreatment and subsequent decoration by silver nanoparticles, which served as bridges to link neighboring h‐BN sheets. The results revealed that the thermal conductivity of as‐prepared composite paper increased to 1.032 W/m K with 40 wt% filler loading, about 464% higher than the pure ANFs paper, which was attributed to the efficient thermal conductive networks within the paper and strong interfacial combination through hydrogen bonding. Besides, the as‐prepared composite paper exhibited excellent mechanical property with the maximum tensile strength over 90 MPa, and good electrical insulation performance. More importantly, this work provided a promising strategy to achieve high thermal conductivity ANFs based composite paper by constructing efficient thermal conductive networks, which had potential to be used in the field of electronic packaging.
Mass spectrometric investigations of caloric restriction mimetics
Authors: Bibyk Michael J. , Campbell Melanie J. , Hummon Amanda B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCaloric restriction (CR) is an innovative therapy used in tumor tissue and tumor model studies to promote cell death and decrease cell viability. Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are a class of drugs that induce CR and starvation conditions within a cell. When used simultaneously with other chemotherapy agents, the effects are synergistic and effective at promoting tumor cell death. In this review, we discuss CRMs and their potential as cancer therapeutics. Firstly, we establish an overview of CR and its impacts on healthy and tumor cells. CR and CRM drugs have shown to decrease age‐related diseases and can act as an anti‐cancer agent. As it can be challenging for an individual to diligently stick to a diet that would induce CR, CRMs are even more desirable. Then, we discuss the drug class by highlighting three CRMs: resveratrol, (‐)‐hydroxycitric acid, and rapamycin. These CRMs are commonly known for their dietary effects, but the underlying mechanisms that drive cellular metabolic and proteomic changes show promise as a cancer therapeutic. Lastly, we highlight the use of mass spectrometry and proteomic techniques on experiments utilizing CRM drugs to understand the cellular pathways impacted by this drug class, leading to a better understanding of the anti‐cancer properties and potentials of CRM.
Tuning the Oxygen Balance of Energetic Composites: Crystallization of ADN/Secondary Explosives Mixtures by Spray Flash Evaporation
Authors: Lobry Emeline , Berthe Jean‐Edouard , Hübner Jakob , Schnell Fabien , Spitzer Denis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNew energetic composites with enhanced reactive performances while allowing the safe handling according to their sensitivity thresholds are presented. This paper combines different approaches: the intimate contact between the compounds, the particle size reduction and the processing of composite materials to maintain the oxygen balance close to zero. The Spray Flash Evaporation process enables the fast crystallization at the submicron scale by combining an oxidizer, ammonium dinitramide ADN and two secondary explosives (RDX and HMX). The morphologies of the particles were analyzed and compared with slow evaporation tests. An intimate mixing between the two components (crystallized by SFE) is highlighted and core‐shell structure is evidenced by advanced techniques such as 2D and 3D confocal Raman microscopy. The composites offer outstanding energetic performances compared to sole explosives. It paves the way to new energetic compositions based on current materials.
Effects of Micro‐Encapsulation Treatment on the Thermal Safety of High Energy Emulsion Explosives with Boron Powders
Authors: Yao Yu‐le , Cheng Yang‐fan , Liu Rong , Hu Fang‐fang , Zhang Qi‐wei , Xia Yu , Chen Yuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effects of micro‐encapsulation technology on the thermal safety of boron‐containing emulsion explosives were experimentally studied. Micro‐structures of additives, demulsification states and thermal characteristics of boron‐containing emulsion explosives were characterized by the laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope and thermal analysis equipment, respectively. The storage experiments showed that emulsion explosives with boron powders would be demulsified in a short time, while those with micro‐encapsulated boron powders were not demulsified and had good surface morphologies and structures. The results of TG‐DSC experiments showed that the thermal stability of emulsion explosive with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro‐encapsulated boron powders was higher than that of other samples with boron powders, and the order of thermal stability was as follows: PMMA/Boron sensitized emulsion explosive > Paraffin/Boron‐Glass microspheres (GMs) sensitized emulsion explosive > Boron‐GMs sensitized emulsion explosive. The experimental data of accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) tests showed that the addition of boron powders would significantly increase the risk of thermal explosion of emulsion explosives under the adiabatic condition, and PMMA micro‐encapsulation for boron powders could largely reduce the thermal explosion risk of boron‐containing emulsion explosives compared with paraffin coating. The coating effect of micro‐encapsulation technology was much better than that of traditional paraffin coating method, and the compatibility and thermal safety of boron‐containing emulsion explosives were also improved.
Spatio‐temporal distribution of sexual calling behaviour in domesticated, sterile and wild Queensland fruit fly males under field cage conditions
Authors: Inskeep Jess R , Taylor Phillip W , Mainali Bishwo , Rempoulakis Polychronis , Weldon Christopher W 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is used in Australia to contain and eradicate outbreaks of Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fruit‐fly‐free regions, and to manage populations in some endemic regions. To assess the likely impact of SIT on wild B. tryoni populations it is important to assess the colocation and synchrony of male calling between sterile and wild flies. We observed the location and timing of calling behaviours of marked mass‐reared (fertile and sterile) and wild B. tryoni males in walk‐in field cages.RESULTSWe found that wild males called further from the canopy centre than mass‐reared (fertile or sterile) males. Mass‐reared (fertile or sterile) males called earlier in the evening than wild males and, consequently, mass‐reared males called when temperature and light intensity were higher than when wild males called.CONCLUSIONMale calling is a prerequisite to mating among dacine fruit flies. Therefore, our observations of spatio‐temporal divergence in male calling behaviour may lead to assortative mating between mass‐reared and wild B. tryoni in SIT applications. The importance of these spatio‐temporal differences warrants further inquiry, with particular focus on how environmental conditions modify calling behaviour and avenues to ameliorate differences between sterile and wild flies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Microfluidic Evolution‐On‐A‐Chip Reveals New Mutations that Cause Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Zoheir Ahmed E. , Späth Georg P. , Niemeyer Christof M. , Rabe Kersten S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic devices can mimic naturally occurring microenvironments and create microbial population heterogeneities ranging from planktonic cells to biofilm states. The exposure of such populations to spatially organized stress gradients can promote their adaptation into complex phenotypes, which are otherwise difficult to achieve with conventional experimental setups. Here a microfluidic chip that employs precise chemical gradients in consecutive microcompartments to perform microbial adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), a key tool to study evolution in fundamental and applied contexts is described. In the chip developed here, microbial cells can be exposed to a defined profile of stressors such as antibiotics. By modulating this profile, stress adaptation in the chip through resistance or persistence can be specifically controlled. Importantly, chip‐based ALE leads to the discovery of previously unknown mutations in Escherichia coli that confer resistance to nalidixic acid. The microfluidic device presented here can enhance the occurrence of mutations employing defined micro‐environmental conditions to generate data to better understand the parameters that influence the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.
A Durable, Flexible, Large‐Area, Flame‐Retardant, Early Fire Warning Sensor with Built‐In Patterned Electrodes
Authors: Khan Fawad , Wang Shanchi , Ma Zhewen , Ahmed Adnan , Song Pingan , Xu Zhiguang , Liu Riping , Chi Huanjie , Gu Jiayi , Tang Long‐Cheng , Zhao Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFire has been giving rise to enormous loss of life and property worldwide annually. Early fire warning represents an active and effective means to avoid potential fire hazards before huge losses occur. Despite encouraging advances in early fire warning systems, to date there remains an urgent lack of the design of a durable, flexible, and universal early fire warning sensor for large‐area practical applications. Herein, facile fabrication of a durable, flexible, large‐scale early fire‐warning sensor is demonstrated through constructing a hierarchical flame retardant nanocoating, composed of graphene oxide, poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), and hexagonal boron nitride, on cotton fabric in combination with the parallelly patterned conductive ink as built‐in electrodes. As‐designed large‐scale sensor (>33 cm and extendable) exhibits a short alarming time of <3 s in response to external abnormal high temperature, heat, or fire. In addition to high washability, flexibility, resistance to abrasion and wear, this hierarchical nanocoating can self‐extinguish, thus enabling the sensor to continue warning during fire. This work offers an inventive concept to develop a universal and large‐scale very early fire‐monitoring platform, which opens up new opportunities for their practical applications in effectively reducing fire‐related casualties and economic losses.
The Role of Dynorphin and the Kappa Opioid Receptor in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Translational Approach
Authors: Clark Samuel David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous ligands dynorphins (DYN) have been implicated in the development or symptomatology of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review covers a brief history of the development of KOR agonists and antagonists, their effects in healthy volunteers, and the potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder from a translational perspective. The potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in schizophrenia is based on several lines of evidence. Selective KOR agonists induce affective states in healthy volunteers with similarities to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies have shown increased DYN in patients with schizophrenia, although the data have been mixed. Finally, meta-analytic data have shown that opioid antagonists are associated with reductions in the symptoms of schizophrenia. The potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in major depressive disorder is also based on a combination of preclinical and clinical data. Selective KOR agonists have shown pro-depressive effects in human volunteers, while selective KOR antagonists have shown robust efficacy in several preclinical models of antidepressant activity. Small studies have shown that nonselective KOR antagonists may have efficacy in treatment-resistant depression. Additionally, recent clinical data have shown that the KOR may be an effective target for treating anhedonia, a finding relevant to both schizophrenia and depression. Finally, recommendations are provided for translating preclinical models for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder into the clinic.
Embedded Security-Critical Device Resource Isolation
Authors: Wang Xuguo , Kan Shengzhe , Xu Yeli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
At present, embedded devices have been widely used in people’s daily life, which makes more convenience for the public. However, embedded devices still have security problems, such as automatic driving accidents that may cause casualties. In the field of embedded device security, there are many studies, for instance, OPENTEE for ARM handheld devices, providing a secure execution environment for payment devices, and SGX for Intel desk top devices, for security-critical applications, such as bank teller systems, build a safe operating environment. But it is a lack of correlation between these new and existing technologies. In our opinion, through the combination of mature technology accumulation and embedded devices, the antivirus industry can create a more secure user environment. In this paper, we propose a source isolation method to make the resources used by key processes exclusive. This method uses antivirus software and builds a more comprehensive embedded security system in critical security applications. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and safe.
Practical DDoS Attack Group Discovery and Tracking with Complex Graph-Based Network
Authors: Rao Yu , Liu Weixin , Zhu Tian , Yan Hanbin , Zhou Hao , Bai Jinghua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, a large number of users continuously suffer from DDoS attacks. DDoS attack volume is on the rise and the scale of botnets is also getting larger. Many security organizations began to use data-driven approaches to investigate gangs and groups beneath DDoS attack behaviors, trying to unveil the facts and intentions of DDoS gangs. In this paper, DDoSAGD - a DDoS Attack Group Discovery framework is proposed to help gang recognition and situation awareness. A heterogeneous graph is constructed from botnet control message and relative threat intelligence data, and a meta path-based similarity measurement is set up to calculate relevance between C2 servers. Then two graph mining measures are combined to build up our hierarchical attack group discovery workflow, which can output attack groups with both behavior-based similarity and evidence-based relevance. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the designed models are promising in terms of recognition of attack groups, and evolution process of different attack groups is also illustrated.
Di-lepton production from a single photon in strong magnetic fields: vacuum dichroism
Authors: Hattori Koichi , Taya Hidetoshi , Yoshida Shinsuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study di-lepton production from a single photon in the presence of a strong constant magnetic field. By the use of the Ritus-basis formalism, we analytically evaluate the photon-to-di-lepton conversion vertex with fully taking into account the non-perturbative interactions between the produced fermions and the strong magnetic field. We show that the di-lepton spectrum becomes anisotropic with respect to the magnetic-field direction and depends on the photon polarization as a manifestation of the vacuum dichroism in a strong magnetic field. According to the energy conservation in the presence of the Landau quantization, not only the transverse momentum of the produced fermions but also the longitudinal momentum is discretized, and the di-lepton spectrum exhibits spike structures as functions of the incident photon energy and the magnetic field strength. We also show that the di-lepton production is strictly prohibited for massless fermions in the lowest Landau levels as an analogue of the so-called helicity suppression.
The special Galileon as Goldstone of diffeomorphisms
Authors: Roest Diederik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The special Galileon stands out amongst scalar field theories due to its soft limits, non-linear symmetries and scattering amplitudes. This prompts the question what the origin of its underlying symmetry is. We show that it is intimately connected to general relativity: the special Galileon is the Goldstone mode of the affine group, consisting of linear coordinate transformations, analogous to the dilaton for conformal symmetries. We construct the corresponding metric, and discuss various relations to gravity, Yang-Mills and the non-linear sigma-model.
Chirurgie bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose
Authors: Pantea Roxana , Meister Phil , Neuhaus Jan P. , Nowak Knut , Paul Andreas , Saner Fuat H. 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Patienten mit einer Leberzirrhose, die eine operative Behandlung benötigen, weisen eine hohe Krankenhausmortalität auf. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die postoperative Morbidität sowie Krankenhausmortalität nach stattgehabter Operation von Patienten mit einer Leberzirrhose.

Material und Methode
Retrospektiv wurden im Zeitraum von 01/2010 bis 12/2017 321 Patienten mit einer Leberzirrhose in unserer Klinik operativ behandelt. Erfasst wurden leberspezifische Scoringsysteme wie MELD(Model of End Stage Liver Disease)- und Child-Pugh-Score (CPS), die Krankenhausletalität und die postoperative Morbidität wurden mittels der Dindo-Clavien-Klassifikation erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Von den 321 Patienten (68 % männlich) wurden 21,2 % als Notfall versorgt. Die Letalität der Notfallpatienten war mit 60 % signifikant höher als die der elektiv operierten Patienten (12 %, p < 0,0001). Komplexe Eingriffe zeigen insgesamt eine Letalität von 41 %, kleinere Eingriffe immer noch 20,5 % (p = 0,0001). Die postoperativen Komplikationsrate und Mortalität zeigten sich nach CPS signifikant unterschiedlich bei 11,8 % bzw. 6,3 % in der CPS-A-Kategorie im Vergleich zu 84 % bzw. 73 % in der CPS-C-Kategorie (p = 0,001). Statistisch steigt die Krankenhausletalität um etwa 20 % mit jedem MELD-Anstieg um einen Punkt (OR 1,23, p = 0,0001). Am schwerwiegendsten ist das Vorliegen einer hepatischen Dekompensation.

Diskussion
Operative Eingriffe von Patienten mit Leberzirrhose sind mit einer hohen Komplikationsrate und Krankenhausletalität verbunden. CPS und MELD können bei der objektiven Risikoeinschätzung helfen, während auch die klinische Untersuchung auf Zeichen einer hepatischen Dekompensation von Bedeutung ist. Natrium, Kreatinin und andere Laborwerte können diese Einschätzung ergänzen.
Is body-contouring surgery a right for massive weight loss patients? A survey through the European Union National Health Systems
Authors: Lo Torto Federico , Frattaroli Jacopo M. , Kaciulyte Juste , Redi Ugo , Marcasciano Marco , Casella Donato , Ribuffo Diego 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity is pandemic nowadays, and hanging skin with consequent functional and psychological impairments is a common price to pay for massive weight loss. Plastic surgery in postbariatric patients represents a fundamental step to regain possession of a positive self-image. The authors aimed to investigate how EU countries’ National Health System (NHS) behaves regarding reimbursements for body-contouring procedures after massive weight loss.

Methods
A 1-item survey was sent to contacts found on the NHS official Web sites of 27 EU countries. The question focused on postbariatric surgery practice and investigated the accessibility criteria for NHS coverage concerning body-contouring procedures after massive weight loss.

Results
Responses were collected between January 2020 and February 2020. Response rate was 65%, and access criteria to NHS coverage for postbariatric surgery presented great variation across EU countries. Only one country presented an NHS with no coverage for postbariatric surgeries.

Conclusions
Despite the conspicuous variability found among the EU NHS, none of them admit reimbursement in cases of merely aesthetic procedures: postbariatric patients need to display functional or health impairments due to the extensive weight loss. The results of the current study describe a complex situation among EU countries, but a common lead towards postbariatric patients’ care shows off. The ultimate goal of bariatric patient’s healing should be full restoration of physical and psychological well-being. NHS of EU countries are facing this increasing request in various ways, and more studies should be performed in order to understand which is the best approach.
Level of evidence: Not ratable.
Ultrasound features help identify patients who can undergo noninvasive management for suspected retained products of conception: a single institutional experience
Authors: Vyas Shrilakshmi , Choi Hailey H. , Whetstone Sara , Jha Priyanka , Poder Liina , Shum Dorothy J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate ultrasound (US) features associated with successful noninvasive management for suspected retained products of conception (RPOC).

Methods
In this IRB-approved retrospective study, the radiology report database was queried for pelvic US with keywords of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and/or RPOC over a 2-year period. Follow-up exams, US exams without clinical follow-up, suboptimal image quality, and > 1 year from delivery or pregnancy termination were excluded. Charts were reviewed for clinical presentation and management. Two radiologists reviewed images for endometrial thickness, endometrial echogenicity, endometrial vascularity, and enhanced myometrial vascularity (EMV), as well as inner myometrial peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) where available. Features were assessed for associations with management approach, and test characteristics were calculated.

Results
Initial query yielded 196 exams, and 48 were excluded. A total of 148 patients were included. Mean age was 34.2 years (21–47), and mean time from delivery or pregnancy termination was 40.4 days (0–223). 81 (55%) underwent noninvasive management: 72 (48%) expectant and 9 (6%) medical. 67 (45%) underwent invasive management: 60 (41%) surgical and 7 (5%) uterine artery embolization. There was substantial inter-reader agreement for assessment of EMV (K = 0.78) and endometrial vascularity (K = 0.72). Thin endometrial stripe, avascular endometrium, and absence of EMV were associated with successful noninvasive management (p < 0.05). Thin endometrium (< 10 mm) had specificity (90%), PPV (88%), and likelihood ratio (5.91) in predicting successful noninvasive management.

Conclusion
Endometrial thickness < 10 mm, avascular endometrium, and absence of EMV are the sonographic features associated with successful noninvasive management for PPH or suspected RPOC.