bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential scanning calorimetric investigations of three rotary nickel-titanium instrument systems before and after simulated clinical uses
Authors: Van Pham Khoa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The transformation temperatures were important values, influencing the mechanical properties and clinical performance of nickel-titanium instruments. The aim of this study was to determine the transformation temperatures of three rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments: Reciproc, HyFlex CM Pro, and Neoniti before and after simulated clinical uses.

Methods
Ninety new NiTi instruments of three single-file instruments: Reciproc, HyFlex CM Pro, and Neoniti were divided into three groups. Thirty instruments of each group were divided into 3 subgroups (10 instruments for each subgroup): new, one-time simulated clinical used and sterilised, and three times simulated clinical used and sterilized subgroups. The instruments were in the as-received condition for the new subgroups, one time used in the plastic endo-training blocks and sterilised for the one-time subgroups, and three times used in the plastic endo-training blocks and sterilised for the three times subgroups. Each instrument in subgroups was cut into four small segments of 4–5 mm. All segments of instruments were analysed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with ANOVA test or Kruskal–Wallis test at the significant level of 0.05.

Results
There was not significant difference between before and after simulated clinical use with sterilised procedure in three NiTi instrument systems. The austenite-finish (Af) temperatures of three instrument systems were higher than that of the human body (37 °C), of these, the Af temperature of Neoniti was highest and that of HyFlex CM Pro was lowest.

Conclusions
The austenite-finish (Af) temperatures of three NiTi instruments were higher than that of human body temperature, therefore, material was in the phase transformation from martensite to austenite, gives the instruments more flexibility when used in the clinical situation.
miRNAs in decidual NK cells: regulators worthy of attention during pregnancy
Authors: Li Liman , Feng Ting , Zhou Weijie , Liu Yuan , Li Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe critical immune effectors, including T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages participate in regulating immune responses during pregnancy. Among these immune cells, decidual NK (dNK) cells are involved in key placental development processes at the maternal–fetal interface, such as uterine spiral artery remodeling, trophoblast invasion, and decidualization. Mechanistically, dNK cells significantly influence pregnancy outcome by secreting cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic mediators and by their interactions with trophoblasts and other decidual cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that participate in the initiation and progression of human diseases. Although the functions of circulating miRNAs in pathological mechanism has been extensively studied, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in NK cells, especially in dNK cells, have been rarely reported. In this review, we analyze the effects of miRNA regulations of dNK cell functions on the immune system during gestation. We discuss aberrant expressions of certain miRNAs in dNK cells that may lead to pathological consequences, such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Interestingly, miRNA expression patterns are also different between dNK cells and peripheral NK (pNK) cells, and pNK cells in the first- and third‐trimester of gestation. The dysregulation of miRNA plays a pivotal regulatory role in driving immune functions of dNK and pNK cells. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in dNK cells may provide new insights into the development of therapeutics to prevent pregnancy failure.
TTK is a potential therapeutic target for cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Zhu Keyu , Guan Xiaolin , Xie Suhong , Wang Yanchun , Tong Ying , Guo Lin , Zheng Hui , Lu Renquan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Drug resistance and recurrence are main contributors to the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Cisplatin is a platinum compound which is widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors including ovarian cancer. Up to now, the mechanism of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer is unclear. Threonine and tyrosine kinase (TTK), an integral part of the spindle assembly checkpoint, may be a potential new target associated with chemotherapy sensitivity.

Results
TTK was up-regulated in the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line. Down-regulation of TTK could recover the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Mechanistically, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was activated in cisplatin-resistant cells, and this pathway would be affected by TTK expression. Furthermore, TTK was highly expressed in the tissues of ovarian cancer patients, especially those acquired resistance to cisplatin.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that TTK may be a promising therapeutic target for cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer.
Health system and patient-level factors serving as facilitators and barriers to rheumatic heart disease care in Sudan
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey G. , Barry Michele , Essam Dary , Elsayed Mohammed , Abdulkarim Mohamed , Elhossein Basamat M. A. , Mohammed Zahia H. A. , Elnogomi Abdelmunim , Elfaki Amna S. E. , Elsayed Ahmed , Chang Andrew Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa despite widely available preventive therapies such as prophylactic benzathine penicillin G (BPG). In this study, we sought to characterize facilitators and barriers to optimal RHD treatment with BPG in Sudan.

Methods
We conducted a mixed-methods study, collecting survey data from 397 patients who were enrolled in a national RHD registry between July and November 2017. The cross-sectional surveys included information on demographics, healthcare access, and patient perspectives on treatment barriers and facilitators. Factors associated with increased likelihood of RHD treatment adherence to prophylactic BPG were assessed by using adjusted logistic regression. These data were enhanced by focus group discussions with 20 participants, to further explore health system factors impacting RHD care.

Results
Our quantitative analysis revealed that only 32% of the study cohort reported optimal prophylaxis adherence. Younger age, reduced primary RHD healthcare facility wait time, perception of adequate health facility staffing, increased treatment costs, and high patient knowledge about RHD were significantly associated with increased odds of treatment adherence. Qualitative data revealed significant barriers to RHD treatment arising from health services factors at the health system level, including lack of access due to inadequate healthcare staffing, lack of faith in local healthcare systems, poor ancillary services, and patient lack of understanding of disease. Facilitators of RHD treatment included strong interpersonal support.

Conclusions
Multiple patient and system-level barriers to RHD prophylaxis adherence were identified in Khartoum, Sudan. These included patient self-efficacy and participant perception of healthcare facility quality. Strengthening local health system infrastructure, while enhancing RHD patient education, may help to improve treatment adherence in this vulnerable population.
Verifiable image revision from chameleon hashes
Authors: Xu Junpeng , Chen Haixia , Yang Xu , Wu Wei , Song Yongcheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a digital society, the rapid development of computer science and the Internet has greatly facilitated image applications. However, one of the public network also brings risks to both image tampering and privacy exposure. Image authentication is the most important approaches to verify image integrity and authenticity. However, it has been challenging for image authentication to address both issues of tampering detection and privacy protection. One aspect, image authentication requires image contents not be changed to detect tampering. The other, privacy protection needs to remove sensitive information from images, and as a result, the contents should be changed. In this paper, we propose a practical image authentication scheme constructed from chameleon hashes combined with ordinary digital signatures to make tradeoff between tampering detection and privacy protection. Our scheme allows legitimate users to modify contents of authenticated images with a privacy-aware purpose (for example, cover some sensitive areas with mosaics) according to specific rules and verify the authenticity without interaction with the original authenticator. The security of our scheme is guaranteed by the security of the underlying cryptographic primitives. Experiment results show that our scheme is efficient and practical. We believe that our work will facilitate image applications where both authentication and privacy protection are desirable.
Characteristics of Growth in Children With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency During Adrenarche and Beyond
Authors: Troger Tobias , Sommer Grit , Lang-Muritano Mariarosaria , Konrad Daniel , Kuhlmann Beatrice , Zumsteg Urs , Flück Christa E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContextPatients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) often do not achieve their full growth potential. Adrenarche may accelerate bone maturation and thereby result in decreased growth in CAH.ObjectiveThe study aimed to analyze the impact of growth during adrenarche on final height of adequately treated classic CAH patients.MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter study (4 academic pediatric endocrinology centers) included 41 patients with classical CAH, born 1990-2012. We assessed skeletal maturation (bone age), growth velocity, and (projected) adult height outcomes, and analyzed potential influencing factors, such as sex, genotype, and glucocorticoid therapy.ResultsPatients with classic CAH were shorter than peers (−0.4 SDS ± 0.8 SD) and their parents (corrected final height −0.6 SDS ± 1.0 SD). Analysis of growth during adrenarche revealed 2 different growth patterns: patients with accelerating bone age (49%), and patients with nonaccelerating bone age relative to chronological age (BA-CA). Patients with accelerating BA-CA were taller than the normal population during adrenarche years (P = 0.001) and were predicted to achieve lower adult height SDS (−0.9 SDS [95% CI, −1.3; −0.5]) than nonaccelerating patients when assessed during adrenarche (0.2 SDS [95% CI, −0.3; 0.8]). Final adult height was similarly reduced in both accelerating and nonaccelerating BA-CA groups (−0.4 SDS [95% CI, −0.9; 0.1] vs −0.3 SDS [95% CI, [−0.8; 0.1]).ConclusionPatients with and without significant bone age advancement, and thus differing height prediction during adrenarche, showed similar (predicted) final height when reassessed during pubertal years. Bone age alone should not be used during adrenarche as clinical marker for metabolic control in CAH treatment.
Comparison of clinical efficacy of suprapatellar and infrapatellar intramedullary nailing in treating tibial shaft fractures
Authors: Zhu Zhonglian , Wang Zhaodong , Zhou Pinghui , Wang Xuyi , Guan Jianzhong 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To compare clinical efficacies of suprapatellar and infrapatellar intramedullary nailing approaches in treating tibial shaft fractures.
Methods: Patients (n=110) admitted with tibial shaft fractures in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2020, who underwent procedures with internal fixation intramedullary nails, were retrospectively divided into suprapatellar and infrapatellar approach groups (n=55 each) based on the surgical method used for fracture repair. The clinical and functional outcomes of the knee were assessed six months after the surgery
Results: Six months after the operation, the pooled value for excellent and good efficacy rates in the suprapatellar approach group, as indicated by Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Knee scoring system, was 90.91%, which was significantly higher than that in the infrapatellar approach group (76.36%). The degree of pain (visual analogue scale (VAS) score) of the patients in the suprapatellar approach group was over 2-fold lower than in the infrapatellar approach group (P < 0.001).The Lysholm knee score, range of motion (ROM), SF-36p, and SF-36M scores in the suprapatellar approach group were significantly higher than those in the infrapatellar approach group (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Suprapatellar approach had significantly higher clinical efficiency than infrapatellar approach, and can significantly reduce the degree of pain, promote the recovery of patients with knee joint involvement, improve the physical and psychological well-being, reduce the number of cases of postoperative delayed healing.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4766
How to cite this:Zhu Z, Wang Z, Zhou P, Wang X, Guan J. Comparison of clinical efficacy of suprapatellar and infrapatellar intramedullary nailing in treating tibial shaft fractures. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4766
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DESEMPENHO DAS COMPRAS GOVERNAMENTAIS: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA NACIONAL RECENTE E PROPOSIÇÃO DE UMA AGENDA DE PESQUISA
Authors: De Rezende Elvira Carolina Moreira , Moreira Marina Figueiredo 
Published: October 2021

Neste estudo, buscou-se investigar como a literatura tem averiguado o desempenho de uso das compras governamentais para implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil, por meio do mapeamento do estado da arte em revisão exaustiva da literatura do decênio 2007-2017. A relevância desta pesquisa reside na apresentação do panorama nacional das pesquisas concernentes ao desempenho das compras governamentais, contribuindo, assim, à literatura de Administração Pública e ao debate referente à avaliação do uso das compras governamentais. Entende-se que três categorias temáticas sumarizam a literatura: Resultados de uso das compras; Uso de modelos multicritério para a avaliação do desempenho de compras; e Uso do poder de compra do Estado. Compõe-se agenda de pesquisa pautada em duas lacunas: desenvolvimento de estudos que testem o desempenho das compras sob perspectiva comparada e multicritério; e que testem variáveis teóricas típicas do uso das compras em políticas públicas, como satisfação do usuário, transparência ou accountability.
INOVAÇÃO E O MERCADO DE CERVEJA ARTESANAL FLUMINENSE
Authors: Priori de Deus Elisa , Falcão de Oliveira Prof. Dr. Carlyle Tadeu 
Published: October 2021

Os sistemas de coworking são espaços que oferecem flexibilidadeparaseususuárioscomrelaçãoaoscustos,e,porisso,seusprincipais atores são freelancers ou/e startups. As cervejarias ciganas, cervejarias sem fábricas que produzem no espaço da outra cervejaria, podem ser consideradas um modelo coworking. Os coworking cervejeiros fluminenses criam relações de parceria para produzir sua cerveja artesanal. Este trabalho procurou identificar a contribuição das cervejarias artesanais para a teoria da inovação cooperativa e do mercado cervejeiro. Para isso, utilizaram-se pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas em profundidade com análises qualitativas. Foram pesquisadas 154 microcervejarias fluminenses. Observou-se que a inovação cooperativa nos coworking cervejeiros possibilita que pequenas empresas desenvolvam seu produto e ingressem no mercado, assim como a introdução de novas parcerias promove o fortalecimento da disseminação das cervejas artesanais entre os consumidores do estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Low temperatures or high isolation delay increases the average COVID-19 infections in India : A Mathematical modeling approach
Authors: Prakash D Bhanu , Chhetri Bishal , Vamsi D K K , Balasubramanian S , Sanjeevi Carani B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of COVID-19 in India are captured using a set of delay differential equations by dividing a population into five compartments. The Positivity and Boundedness of the system is shown. The Existence and Uniqueness condition for the solution of system of equations is presented. The equilibrium points are calculated and stability analysis is performed. Sensitivity analysis is performed on the parameters of the model. Bifurcation analysis is performed and the critical delay is calculated. By formulating the spread parameter as a function of temperature, the impact of temperature on the population is studied. We concluded that with the decrease in temperature, the average infections in the population increases. In view of the coming winter season in India, there will be an increase in new infections. This model falls in line with the characteristics that increase in isolation delay increases average infections in the population.
Mathematical modeling of AZ30 magnesium alloys at high temperature using the ring compression test and genetic algorithm method
Authors: Barati Farzan , Esfandiari Mona , Babaei Sajjad , Hoseini-Tabar Zahra , Atarod Aida 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present investigation, a new method is proposed to study the AZ30 flow curve at elevated temperatures and various strain rate. Experiments were carried out with the goal of obtaining flow curve of AZ30 at three different temperature and strain rates by using the ring test method. The presented work aims to develop a model using genetic algorithm for AZ30 flow stress prediction during different test conditions. The Santam machine was implicated that was able to perform experiments by controlling both the position and load modes. At each temperature and strain rate the isothermal test was performed respectively. In the present investigation for three varios temperatures and strain rates, 54 ring compression tests were carried out with different levels of reduction in height. Then each specimen was water cooled quickly to investigate the microstructure of AZ30 magnesium alloy by using optical microscope. The model used in the present study was able to predict the flow curve with an 2.3% accuracy. This model has excellent potential to be employed in various industry applications.
Readability and adaptation of children’s literary works from the perspective of ideational grammatical metaphor
Authors: Liu Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWidely studied in fields like education, psychology, and linguistics, readability can be defined as (a) reader’s understanding of a reading text, (b) features of a text, or (c) the matching of a text to its reader. The existing research has been focused on the formulaic and multilevel discourse approaches, relatively neglecting others such as systemic functional linguistics oriented one. Moreover, contemporary reading materials pose a challenge for average children in many ways. This study examines readability and adaptation of children’s literary works from the perspective of ideational grammatical metaphor inspired by systemic functional linguistics. Through case studies of metaphorical transferences involving zero, one, two, and three ideational grammatical metaphors used in the parallel excerpts in the original version ofAlice’s Adventures in Wonderlandand its eight adapted ones published in China, it is concluded that addition, maintenance, revision, unpacking, and demetaphorization are five major strategies which are found to decrease, maintain, or increase readability of some parts in the adapted versions.
Synthesis and antimalarial activity of some triphenyltin(IV) aminobenzoate compounds against Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Hadi Sutopo , Fenska Mona Dwi , Noviany Noviany , Satria Heri , Simanjuntak Wasinton , Naseer Muhammad Moazzam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents antimalarial activity of several triphenyltin(IV) aminobenzoate compounds synthesized from the reaction of triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide with 2-, 3-, and 4-aminobenzoic acid. The activity of the compounds as anti-malaria agents was evaluated using Plasmodium falciparum, and demonstrated that the compounds have about the same IC50 with that of chloroquine (2×10−3 μg/mL) applied as the positive control. The result also showed that the Plasmodium is non-resistent to the compounds synthesized, which is the opposite to chloroquine.
Johanna Seibt’s Process Ontology of Categorical Inference: On Nomological Axiomatics and Category Projection
Authors: Erkan Ekin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Drawing from a Sellarsian realist-naturalist epistemology, we trace different levels of cognitive hierarchy procedures through which a representational system learns to update its own states and improve its ‘map-making’ capabilities from pre-conscious operations which modulate base-localization functions, to patterns of epistemic revision and integration at the conceptual and theoretical levels, producing a nomological double of its world. We show how ontological theorization becomes diachronically coordinated with and constrained by empirical science, and how the formal-quantitative kernel of scientific theories corresponds to qualitative-conceptual determinations at the structural level. Following Johanna Seibt’s characterization of ontology as a theory of categorial inference, we trace the preservation of inferential semantic structure across ontological theories in relation to model languages and provide provisional indications to coordinate Seibt’s account with a convergent realist assessment of systematic modeling, defining the epistemological conditions for articulating the preservation of formal structure in theories toward a limit-point of enquiry.
Fabrication and properties of PLA/nano-HA composite scaffolds with balanced mechanical properties and biological functions for bone tissue engineering application
Authors: Wang Wenzhao , Zhang Boqing , Zhao Lihong , Li Mingxin , Han Yanlong , Wang Li , Zhang Zhengdong , Li Jun , Zhou Changchun , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Repair of critical bone defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. 3D printing is an advanced personalized manufacturing technology that can accurately shape internal structures and external contours. In this study, the composite scaffolds of polylactic acid (PLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) were manufactured by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. Equal mass PLA and n-HA were uniformly mixed to simulate the organic and inorganic phases of natural bone. The suitability of the composite scaffolds was evaluated by material characterization, mechanical property, and in vitro biocompatibility, and the osteogenesis induction in vitro was further tested. Finally, the printed scaffold was implanted into the rabbit femoral defect model to evaluate the osteogenic ability in vivo. The results showed that the composite scaffold had sufficient mechanical strength, appropriate pore size, and biocompatibility. Most importantly, the osteogenic induction performance of the composite scaffold was significantly better than that of the pure PLA scaffold. In conclusion, the PLA/n-HA scaffold is a promising composite biomaterial for bone defect repair and has excellent clinical transformation potential.