bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helmholtz‐Resonator Metasurface Based High‐Efficiency Acoustic Focusing Lens
Authors: Liu Hongjun , Zheng Ying , Lu Yu , Kang Qianlong , Guo Kai , Guo Zhongyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe high‐efficiency transmitted acoustic focusing lenses based on the Helmholtz resonator (HR) metasurface is reported. The proposed lenses demonstrate superior focusing performances, which can provide deep‐subwavelength resolution. The proposed lenses demonstrate superior focusing performances, in which the performances of acoustic focusing metasurface is investigated in details and the bandwidth of the metasurface with hybrid resonant structures is broadened. For the former, the effects of different numerical apertures, different focusing distances, and different incidence angles are investigated. At the same time, off‐axis focusing and spherical wave focusing lenses are also demonstrated. For the latter, by spacing the HR elements with different resonant frequencies, a broad‐band acoustic lens is also designed and achieved, in which the favorable focusing performance can be realized in a relative wider frequency range. The proposed designs provide great potential applications in many scenarios, such as nondestructive testing, ultrasonic medical treatment and so on.
A new flame‐retardant medium density fiberboard with no formaldehyde release: Wood fiber cell walls template zeolite via in situ thermocompression
Authors: Li Ran , Feng Lifei , Liang Yuxin , Gao Jie , Yang Wenbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFiberboard which is not flame retardant and releases formaldehyde is widely used in residents' life, which brings serious problems. Now, we use water glass and Al2(SO4)3 to form zeolite precursor, and use UP as adhesive to prepare zeolite‐based flame retardant formaldehyde‐free medium density fiberboard in situ within a few minutes. The molecular sieve structure was characterized by SEM, TEM, BET, and XRD. At the same time, we put forward the possible mechanism of zeolite formation according to the internal temperature and pressure test during fiberboard production. Wood fiber is coated with zeolite, which separates pyrolysis gas from air and avoids further combustion, resulting in low heat release, low smoke and toxic carbon monoxide emission, high residue, and good flame retardant performance. Furthermore, the formaldehyde emission of the formaldehyde‐free flame retardant board is 0.047 mg/L, which proves that it does not contain formaldehyde.
Some factors affecting pore size in the synthesis of rigid polymer monoliths: Theory and its applicability
Authors: Korzhikova‐Vlakh Evgenia G. , Tennikova Tatiana B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMacroporous monoliths represent now widely used materials whose successful application strongly depends on their characteristics. Among those the average pore size is one of the key parameters. In this paper, we consider the applicability of theoretical calculations for the selection of appropriate porogens to generate the materials with required average pore size. A set of macroporous poly(meth)acrylate monoliths was synthesized via thermo‐ and photo‐initiated free radical polymerization and characterized in regards to their average pore size. Additionally, the difference in solubility parameters as well as Hansen's solubility parameter distance between monomers and porogens were calculated for each polymerization mixture using Hildebrand's and Hansen's solubility theories. The theoretical predications and experimental data were compared and analyzed to establish the applicability of theoretical calculations to previse average pore size for different systems. It was found that Hildebrand's theory seems to be poorly appropriate as universal tool, while Hansen's theoretical approach explained better the efficiency of solvents as porogens. The application of oligomers and polymer solutions due to the increase of viscosity as well as the variation of crosslinker amount in the monomer system can be singled out as Hansen's theory limitations at the prediction of the average pore size.
Cooperative Photocatalysis with 4‐Amino‐TEMPO for Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Amines over TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Yuexin , Zhou Jun , Ma Xiaoming , Li Xia , Lang Xianjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAttaching π‐conjugated molecules onto TiO2 can form surface complexes that could capture visible light. However, to make these TiO2 surface complexes durable, integrating 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) or its analogues as a redox mediator with photocatalysis is the key to constructing selective chemical transformations. Herein, sodium 6,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene‐2‐sulfonate (DHNS) was obtained by extending the π‐conjugated system of catechol by adding a benzene ring and a substituent sodium sulfonate (−SO3−Na+). The DHNS−TiO2 showed the best photocatalytic activity towards the blue light‐induced selective aerobic oxidation of benzylamine. Compared to TEMPO, 4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (4‐amino‐TEMPO) could rise above 70% in conversion of benzylamine over the DHNS−TiO2 photocatalyst. Eventually, a wide range of amines could be selectively oxidized into imines with atmospheric O2 by cooperative photocatalysis of DHNS−TiO2 with 4‐amino‐TEMPO. Notably, superoxide (O2•−) is crucial in coupling the photocatalytic cycle of DHNS−TiO2 and the redox cycle of 4‐amino‐TEMPO. This work underscores the design of surface ligands for semiconductors and the selection of a redox mediator in visible light photocatalysis for selective chemical transformations.
Galileis Verbrechen: Kepler, Galilei und das crimen laesae humanitatis
Authors: Kleinert Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractJohannes Kepler is often cited as a witness to scholars’ resistance to the shift from Latin to vernacular languages in the scientific literature in the early 17th century. Allegedly he was unable to read Italian, and reacted to Galileo's transition from Latin to Italian by accusing him of committing a crimen laesae humanitatis, with the double sense of “crime against humanity” and “crime against classical scholarship”. The paper shows that this claim is groundless. The arguments are as follows: 1. Kepler's alledged remark about Galileo is not documented in Kepler's works. 2. Kepler was very well able to read Italian books. 3. The expression crimen laesae humanitatis is not attested in the neo‐Latin literature of the 17th century 4. All the references of this statement can be traced back to a book by the Heidelberg professor of Romance Studies Leonardo Olschki of 1922, who did not mark the expression as a quotation and who did not give any source reference. 5. Kepler himself published scientific texts in his native German and contributed to the development of a German astronomical terminology.
Dynamic regulation of membrane integrity to enhance l‐malate stress tolerance in Candida glabrata
Authors: Liang Guangjie , Zhou Pei , Lu Jiaxin , Liu Hui , Qi Yanli , Gao Cong , Guo Liang , Hu Guipeng , Chen Xiulai , Liu Liming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrobial cell factories provide a sustainable and economical way to produce chemicals from renewable feedstocks. However, the accumulation of targeted chemicals can reduce the robustness of the industrial strains and affect the production performance. Here, the physiological functions of Mediator tail subunit CgMed16 at l‐malate stress were investigated. Deletion of CgMed16 decreased the survival, biomass, and half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) by 40.4%, 34.0%, and 30.6%, respectively, at 25 g/L l‐malate stress. Transcriptome analysis showed that this growth defect was attributable to changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, tolerance transcription factors CgUSV1 and CgYAP3 were found to interact with CgMed16 to regulate sterol biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism, respectively, ultimately endowing strains with excellent membrane integrity to resist l‐malate stress. Furthermore, a dynamic tolerance system (DTS) was constructed based on CgUSV1, CgYAP3, and an l‐malate‐driven promoter Pcgr‐10 to improve the robustness and productive capacity of Candida glabrata. As a result, the biomass, survival, and membrane integrity of C. glabrata 012 (with DTS) increased by 22.6%, 31.3%, and 53.8%, respectively, compared with those of strain 011 (without DTS). Therefore, at shake‐flask scale, strain 012 accumulated 35.5 g/L l‐malate, and the titer and productivity of l‐malate increased by 32.5% and 32.1%, respectively, compared with those of strain 011. This study provides a novel strategy for the rational design and construction of DTS for dynamically enhancing the robustness of industrial strains.
Two New Halogenated Compounds from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia nipponica Yamada from the Kunashiri and Etorofu Islands
Authors: Sato Kosuke , Kaneko Kensuke , Kamekawa Tsuyoshi , Taba Kanako , Ishigami Shinnosuke , Wada Masahiro , Ishii Takahiro , Abe Tsuyoshi , Kamada Takashi , Suzuki Minoru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe red alga Laurencia nipponica comprises various chemical races distributed relative to the ocean current in Japanese coastal areas. We investigated the chemical compositions and chemical races of L. nipponica distributed from the Kunashiri and Etorofu Islands, the confluence of the Soya warm current and Oya‐shio cold current. Two new halogenated secondary metabolites, deacetylneonipponallene (1) and neopacifenol (2), along with four known compounds, deoxyprepacifenol (3), pacifenol (4), halo‐chamigrene diether (5), and isolaurallene (6) were isolated from L. nipponica collected at Chikappunai, Kunashiri Island, while Zaimokuiwa (Kunashiri Island) and Sana (Etorofu Island) populations contained 3, 7‐hydroxylaurene (7), 2,10‐dibromo‐3‐chloro‐9‐hydroxy‐α‐chamigrene (8), and (3Z)‐laurefucin (9). The structures of 1 and 2 were established using spectroscopic methods. The chemical races of L. nipponica distributed in this area were divided into 6‐ and 9‐producing races. Interestingly, both races contained 4 as an additional race‐index, as well as its derivatives, 2 and 5. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a race comprising a mixture of two race‐index compounds, suggesting that the convergence of two currents causes the production of new and diverse chemical races in this species.
Peptide Cyclization Mediated by Metal‐Free S‐Arylation: S‐Protected Cysteine Sulfoxide as an Umpolung of the Cysteine Nucleophile
Authors: Kobayashi Daishiro , Kohmura Yutaka , Sugiki Toshihiko , Kuraoka Eisuke , Denda Masaya , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Otaka Akira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCovalent linking of side chains provides a method to produce cyclic or stapled peptides that are important in developing peptide‐based drugs. A variety of crosslinking formats contribute to fixing the active conformer and prolonging its biological activity under physiological conditions. One format uses the cysteine thiol to participate in crosslinking through nucleophilic thiolate anions or thiyl radicals to form thioether and disulfide bonds. Removal of the S‐protection from an S‐protected Cys derivative generates the thiol, which functions as a nucleophile. S‐Oxidation of a protected Cys allows the formation of a sulfoxide that operates as an umpolung electrophile. Herein, the applicability of S‐p‐methoxybenzyl Cys sulfoxide (Cys(MBzl)(O)) to the formation of a thioether linkage between tryptophan and Cys has been investigated. The reaction of peptides containing Cys(MBzl)(O) and Trp with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) or methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in TFA in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride (Gn ⋅ HCl) proceeded to give cyclic or stapled peptides possessing the Cys‐Trp thioether linkage. In this reaction, strong acids such as TFMSA or MSA are necessary to activate the sulfoxide. Additionally, Gn ⋅ HCl plays a critical role in producing an electrophilic Cys derivative that combines with the indole by aromatic electrophilic substitution. The findings led us to conclude that the less‐electrophilic Cys(MBzl)(O) serves as an acid‐activated umpolung of a Cys nucleophile and is useful for S‐arylation‐mediated peptide cyclization.
Numerical simulation of nanofluids forced convection in a corrugated double‐pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Ding Zi , Qi Cong , Luo Tao , Wang Yuxing , Tu Jianglin , Wang Chengchao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the heat transfer and flow characteristics of TiO2‐H2O nanofluids with TiO2 mass fractions of 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% in corrugated and smooth double‐pipe heat exchangers were compared using numerical simulations. The results demonstrated that TiO2‐H2O nanofluids effectively enhanced the heat transfer compared to deionized water, and that the heat exchange capacity gradually increased with the TiO2 mass fraction. The corrugated pipe heat exchanger disturbed the fluid flow on both the shell side and pipe side, breaking the boundary layer and creating vortices in the corrugated zone. This provided a higher heat transfer capability than the smooth double‐pipe heat exchanger, but also increased the fluid flow resistance in the pipe. In general, the use of nanofluids and corrugated pipes was found to significantly improve the heat transfer efficiency of the double‐pipe heat exchanger.
MW‐assisted hydrothermal liquefaction of spent coffee grounds
Authors: Yang Jie , Niu Haibo , Corscadden Kenneth , He Quan , Zhou Ningning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an attractive technology to process biomass to biocrude and hydrochar, and most studies have been using batch, tube, or continuous reactors with conventional heating. Attempts on microwave (MW)‐assisted HTL (MW‐HTL) is limited, and the effect of the heating rate on product distribution remains unexplored. There is also a lack of information on the MW effect in HTL processes. This study focused on the HTL of spent coffee grounds (SCG, most of which are currently disposed of in landfills) under MW irradiation. The investigation on the effect of heating rate revealed that increasing heating rate from 4.5 to 13.5°C/min promoted the biocrude formation and reduced the amount of solid residue. A low feedstock concentration of 8.3 wt.% was favourable for MW‐HTL of SCG compared to 14.3 wt.%. At a reaction temperature of 270°C, the biocrude yield gradually increased from 20.9 to 30.1 wt.% in response to an increase in reaction time from 0 to 20 min. In terms of the quality of products derived from MW‐HTL, the biocrude exhibited a satisfactory higher heating value (31.3 MJ/kg), and the solid residue, hydrochar, had a high specific surface area of 247.5 m2/g. As for the MW effect, MW and conventional heating resulted in comparable biocrude yield (27.8 vs. 25.7 wt.%, respectively). The characterization of biocrude, hydrochar, and aqueous phase also suggested that MW irradiation had no significant promotion effect on HTL under the experimental conditions in the study.
Effects of rivaroxaban and warfarin on the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiang Hongcheng , Jiang Yue , Ma Haotian , Zeng Hesong , Lv Jiagao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo assess the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after the use of rivaroxaban or warfarin. To investigate the effects of rivaroxaban and warfarin on gastrointestinal and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with AF, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Medline from the establishment of databases up to 2020. We finally included 38 observational studies involving 1 312 609 patients for the assessment of intracranial hemorrhage, and 33 observational studies involving 1 332 956 patients for the assessment of gastrointestinal bleeding. The rates of intracranial hemorrhage were 0.55% in the rivaroxaban group versus 0.91% in the warfarin group (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.53–0.66; p < .00001, I2 = 78%). The rates of gastrointestinal bleeding were 2.63% in patients with rivaroxaban versus 2.48% in those with warfarin (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.96–1.17; p < .00001, I2 = 94%). Rivaroxaban could significantly reduce the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with AF than warfarin, but the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding remained controversy due to no statistical significant difference. Notably, a subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients in rivaroxaban group with severe chronic renal diseases or undergoing hemodialysis exposed to less gastrointestinal hemorrhage risk than the group from warfarin.
Outcome of alcohol septal ablation in mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: A comparison with medical therapy
Authors: Li Peijin , Xue Yuguo , Sun Jiejun , Chen Maolin , Yu Xianpeng , Zhao Hua , Gao Yuechun , Zhang Xiaoling , Jiang Tengyong , He Jiqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was primarily to determine efficacy after alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in mildly symptomatic patients (NYHA class II) with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), as compared to medical therapy.MethodsThis retrospective study included 163 mildly symptomatic patients with HOCM evaluated in Beijing Anzhen Hospital between March 2001 and August 2019, consisting of the medical group (n = 105) and the ASA group (n = 58). All‐cause mortality and HCM‐related death were mainly observed.ResultsFollow‐up was completed in 161 patients and the median follow‐up was 6.0 years. Compared to medically treated patients, patients post‐ASA had comparable survival free of all‐cause mortality (98.3% and 95.1% vs. 93.0% and 83.1% at 5 and 10 years, respectively; p = 0.374). Survival free of HCM‐related death was also similar between ASA and medical groups (98.3% and 95.1% vs. 94.3% and 86.2% at 5 and 10 years, respectively; p = 0.608). However, compared to medical therapy, ASA had advantages on the improvement of NYHA class (1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 2.1 ± 0.5, p = .000) and lower occurrence of new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) (7.8% vs. 20.4%, p = .048). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that resting LVOT gradient at the last clinical check‐up was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.021, 95%CI 1.002–1.040, p = .027).ConclusionThis registry suggests that mildly symptomatic patients with HOCM treated with ASA have comparable survival to that of medically treated patients, with the improvement of NYHA class and lower occurrence of new‐onset AF. All‐cause mortality is independently associated with resting LVOT gradient at the last clinical check‐up.
Multi‐objective design optimization of dental implant geometrical parameters
Authors: Moradi Hamidreza , Beh Aein Roozbeh , Youssef George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn‐silico investigations are becoming an integral part of the development of novel biomedical devices, including dental implants. Using computer simulations can streamline the process by tuning different geometrical and structural features, emphasizing the osseointegration of the implant design a priori, leading to the optimal designs in preparation for in‐vivo trails. This research aims to elucidate the interrelationship between 12 geometrical variables that holistically define the shape of the implant. The approach to achieve optimality hinged on coupling the finite element analysis results with the fractional factorial design method. The latter was used to determine the most influential variables during the screening process, followed by the parameter optimization process using the response surface method, regarding four different objectives, namely: bone‐implant contact area, volume of trabecular bone dead cells, volume of cortical bone dead cells, and axial displacement. This resulted in reducing the number of virtual experiments and substantially decreasing the computational cost without compromising the accuracy of the solution. It was found that the optimized values improved the performance significantly. The validity of all models was verified by comparing optimized responses with simulation results. A sensitivity analysis was performed on all five optimized models to address the effect of friction coefficient on the implant‐bone joint interaction. It was shown that the mechanical behavior of implant‐bone would be independent in higher friction coefficients. The significance of this study is demonstrated in determining the most effective and optimized values of all possible geometrical parameters considering their singular or interactive effects.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Formulation of Liver‐Distributed Farnesoid X‐Receptor Agonist TERN‐101 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Wang Yujin , Crittenden Daria B. , Eng Clarence , Zhang Qiong , Guo Pengfei , Chung Diana , Fenaux Martijn , Klucher Kevin , Jones Christopher , Jin Feng , Quirk Erin , Charlton Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTERN‐101 is a nonsteroidal farnesoid X‐receptor agonist being developed for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of TERN‐101 capsule and tablet formulations in healthy volunteers. In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 38 participants were enrolled and randomized to receive placebo or 25‐, 75‐, or 150‐mg TERN‐101 capsules orally once daily for 7 days. In a separate open‐label PK and formulation‐bridging study, 16 participants received single doses of TERN‐101 tablets (5 and 25 mg) or capsules (25 mg). TERN‐101 was overall well‐tolerated in this healthy volunteer population; no pruritus was reported. TERN‐101 capsule administration over 7 days resulted in decreases in serum 7α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one that were sustained for 24 hours after the last dose (maximum suppression 91% from baseline), indicating target engagement in the liver. TERN‐101 capsules exhibited less than dose‐proportional PK. Relative to capsules, TERN‐101 tablets showed increased bioavailability, with 24‐hour plasma exposure of the 5‐mg tablet similar to that of the 25‐mg capsule. There was no significant effect of food on exposure. The overall safety, PK, and PD profiles of TERN‐101 support its further evaluation for the treatment of NASH.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with perinatal depression in sexual minority women
Authors: Marsland Sophie , Treyvaud Karli , Pepping Christopher A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerinatal depression is associated with wide‐ranging negative outcomes for women and their families, though little research has examined perinatal depression in sexual minority women. We examined depression in sexual minority women in the perinatal period, and whether there were unique minority stress‐related risk and protective factors that predicted perinatal depression. One hundred ninety‐four perinatal sexual minority women aged 18 years and older were recruited from the US and Australia. Participants completed an online questionnaire incorporating the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and measures of minority stress and social support. Over one third (35.6%) of the sample scored in the clinical range on the EPDS. Experiences of discrimination were associated with greater depression symptoms via poor social support from family. Higher concealment motivation was associated with greater depression symptoms via poor family and partner support. There were no direct or indirect effects of internalized stigma on depression. Rates of clinically elevated perinatal depression symptoms among sexual minority women are high, extending previous research demonstrating mental health disparities between sexual minorities and their heterosexual counterparts to the perinatal period. The role of social support in mediating the relationships between minority stress and depression suggests that increasing partner and family support might be effective targets for therapeutic interventions during the perinatal period.