bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Hydroxyl Radicals From Oxygenation of Simulated AMD In Presence of Extracellular Polymers Substances
Authors: Zhong Xuewen , Liu Fang , Fan Feifei , Zhu Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While the reaction mechanisms Fe(II) abiotic oxidation produce ·OH by CaCO3-induced in AMD are well-documented, little is known about the influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by microorganisms on Fe(II) oxidation in AMD. Given the recent finding, this study experimently measured the cumulative concentrations of ·OH produced from oxygenation of simulated AMD in the presence of EPS. Results of this study show that the cumulative ·OH increased from 56.75 to 158.70 μM within 24 h at pH 3 with the increase in EPS concentration from 0 to 12 mg/L. An appropriate pH (about 6) and EPS (6 mg/L) concentration were required for the moderate rate of Fe(II) oxidation, corresponding to the maximum production of ·OH. The presence of EPS enhanced the ·OH production from Fe(II) oxidation in simulated AMD under acid conditions. In the presence of EPS, ·OH production is attributed mainly the complexation of Fe(II) with EPS, of which is rich of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Besides, the yield of ·OH increased remarkably with the addition of Fe3+. It is most likely that EPS can contribute to reduce Fe(Ⅲ) to Fe(II), which is beneficial to the production of ·OH. The findings reveal from this study supplement the fundamental of ·OH production from Fe(II) oxidation by microorganisms in natural AMD.
Efficacy and Safety of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for The Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria and Prevalence of Molecular Markers Associated With Artemisinin and Partner Drug Resistance in Uganda
Authors: Ebong Chris , Sserwanga Asadu , Namuganga Jane Frances , Kapisi James , Mpimbaza Arthur , Gonahasa Samuel , Asua Victor , Gudoi Sam , Kigozi Ruth , Tibenderana James , Bwanika John Baptist , Agaba Bosco , Rubahika Denis , Kyabayinze Daniel , Opigo Jimmy , Damian Rutazana , Sebikaari Gloria , Belay Kassahun , Niang Mame , Halsey Eric S. , Moriarty Leah F. , Lucchi Naomi W. , Souza Samaly S. Svigel , Nsobya Sam L. , Kamya Moses R. , Adoke Yeka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In Uganda, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the first-line therapy and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) the second-line therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of AL and DP in the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and measured the prevalence of molecular markers of resistance in three sentinel sites from 2018–2019 in Uganda.
Methods
This was a randomized, open-label, phase IV clinical trial. Children aged 6 months to 10 years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were randomly assigned to treatment with AL or DP and followed for 28 and 42 days, respectively. Genotyping was used to distinguish recrudescence from new infection, and a Bayesian algorithm was used to assign each treatment failure a posterior probability of recrudescence. For monitoring resistance, Pfk13 and Pfmdr1 genes were Sanger sequenced and plasmepsin-2 copy number was assessed by qPCR.
Results
There were no early treatment failures. The uncorrected 28-day cumulative efficacy of AL ranged from 41.2–71.2% and the PCR-corrected cumulative 28-day efficacy of AL ranged from 87.2–94.4%. The uncorrected 28-day cumulative efficacy of DP ranged from 95.8–97.9% and the PCR-corrected cumulative 28-day efficacy of DP ranged from 98.9–100%. The uncorrected 42-day efficacy of DP ranged from 73.5–87.4% and the PCR-corrected 42-day efficacy of DP ranged from 92.1–97.5%. There were no reported serious adverse events associated with any of the regimens. No resistance-associated mutations in the Pfk13 gene were found in the successfully sequenced samples. In the AL arm, the NFD haplotype (N86Y, Y184F, D1246Y) was the predominant Pfmdr1 haplotype, present in 78 of 127 (61%) and 76 of 110 (69%) of the day 0 and day of failure samples, respectively. All the day 0 samples in the DP arm had one copy of the plasmepsin-2 gene.
Conclusions
DP remains highly effective and safe for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Uganda. Recurrent infections with AL were common. In Busia and Arua, the 95% confidence interval for PCR-corrected AL efficacy fell below 90%. Further efficacy monitoring for AL, including pharmacokinetic studies, is recommended.
Trial registration:
The trail was also registered with the ISRCTN registry with study Trial no PACTR201811640750761.
The Attitudes and Motivation of University Learners Towards Learning English
Authors: Hajeb Mohammed , Masoud Mohammed , Al-Deen Bedoor Sharaf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study examines the Yemeni students’ attitudes and motivation towards learning English. It tries to find out the types of motivation the subjects have towards learning English. Two types of motivations were investigated in this research, instrumental motivation that refers to the utilitarian and academic causes, and integrative motivation, which refers to the social and cultural causes. Moreover, the current survey sheds some light on the students’ anxiety about the English language and their attitude towards learning English and using it in India. The quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire administered to 107 students. The data analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results revealed that Yemeni students in India have a high positive attitude towards learning English. Moreover, they are instrumentally and integratively motivated to learn English. Their attitude towards the anxiety of English, learning English, and using it in India was moderate. The results also showed a significant difference in the students’ attitude towards learning English, where the postgraduate students have a higher positive attitude than undergraduates. According to the gender, the results revealed no significant difference between males and females regarding the attitude and motivation towards learning English. The present survey recommended teaching the English language intensively in Yemen, whether in schools or universities. The English language anxiety has to be manipulated by teachers using the courses that enhance the students’ confidence in using English.
Untangling Potential Links between Childhood Trauma and the Psychological Response to the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Prospective Study Testing Multiple Mediation
Authors: Rek Stephanie V. , Reinhard Matthias A. , Bühner Markus , Freeman Daniel , Adorjan Kristina , Falkai Peter , Padberg Frank 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM)has been associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes during the pandemic, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In a prospective online study using baseline and 10-week follow-up data of 391 German participants, we applied multiple mediation analyses to test to what extent COVID-19 perceived stressors mediate the association between CM and later adverse psychosocial outcomescompared to established mediators of rumination and insecure attachment. We also explored the relative importance of different COVID-19 related stressors in predicting adverse psychological trajectories using elastic net regression.Results showed that CM was longitudinally associated with all adverse psychosocial outcome. COVID-19 perceived stressors, rumination, and insecure attachment mediated this relationship and full mediation was observed for the outcomes anxiety, stress and psychological well-being. COVID-19-related concerns about the future wasmost strongly and consistently associated with adverse psychosocial functioning.These findings provide preliminary evidence that COVID-19 perceived stressors, in particular concerns about the future, may be a key mechanismunderlying the development of adverse psychosocial outcomes in individuals with a CM history. Thus, COVID-19 perceived stressors may require a higher priority for prevention and treatment efforts in vulnerable groups.Our results warrant replication in more representative cross-cultural samples.
Identifying Social Perceptions of People Ignoring COVID-19 warnings: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Halvaiepour Zohreh , Nosratabadi Mehdi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective:The coronavirus pandemic has had various impacts on people's social life and daily activities in most countries around the world, including Iran. Hygiene precautions like masking and social distancing have been suggested in order to reduce the spread of the COVID- 19 virus. There are, however, individuals in society who do not consider and ignore these health issues. The present study aims to identify the sociological perceptions of people who ignore the warnings about coronavirus infection. The qualitative research was carried out from May till July 2020. The interviewees were purposefully selected from among the individuals who avoided paying attention to coronavirus warnings in Isfahan. In 20 semi-structured interviews saturation point was obtained. The thematic analysis approach was used with MAXQDA software (version 12) to interpret the transcribed documents.Results: The results showed 2 themes and 4 subtopics related to the sociological perceptions of people who ignored warnings about Corona. Themes and subtopics included: feelings of social anomie (disruption and social unrest, social distrust), unmet social relationship needs (intention to maintain social participation, Feeling of reduced social support). The findings indicate that, in order to tackle social perceptions contrary to health observance during the coronavirus epidemic, educational resources such as mass media, cyberspace and social programs on the necessity and importance of health observance need to be used. Policies should also be implemented in the social, cultural and legislative contexts to enhance the degree of individuals ' social responsibility for each other's health.
Cardiac and autonomic dysfunctions assessed through Recurrence Quantitative Analysis of electrocardiogram signals and an application to the 6-OHDA Parkinson’s Disease animal model
Authors: Shinoda Lucas , Damasceno Laís , Freitas Leandro , Cravo Sergio , Campos Ruy , Scorza Carla , Scorza Fúlvio , Faber Jean 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A classic method to evaluate autonomic dysfunction is through the evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV provides a series of coefficients, such as SDNN (Standard Deviation of n-n intervals) and RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences), which have well-established physiological associations. However, using only electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, it is difficult to identify proper autonomic activity, and the standard techniques are not sensitive and robust enough to distinguish pure autonomic modulation in heart dynamics from cardiac dysfunctions. By using Poincaré mapping and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA), we were able to identify and characterize stochasticity and chaoticity dynamics in ECG recordings, using them to describe autonomic and heart dynamics. By applying these nonlinear techniques in the ECG signals recorded from a set of Parkinson disease animal model (6-OHDA), we show they present less variability in long time epochs and more stochasticity in short-time epochs, in their autonomic dynamics, when compared with those of the sham group. These results indicate that PD (Parkinson’s Disease) animal models present more “rigid heart rate” associated with “trembling ECG” and bradycardia, which are direct expressions of Parkinsonian symptoms. We also compared the RQA factors calculated from the ECG of animal models using four computational ECG signals under different noise and autonomic modulatory conditions, emulating atrial fibrillation and QT-long syndrome. We concluded, from Poincaré Map and RQA techniques, that PD animal models are more correlated with atrial fibrillation, with high variation according to autonomic modulation. As the Abstract should be able stand independantly of the main text, please do not abbreviate terms used only once in the Abstract.
Hybridizing ANN-NSGA-II Model with Genetic Programming Method for Reservoir Operation Rule Curve Determination (Case Study Zayandehroud Dam Reservoir)
Authors: moeini ramtin , nasiri kamran 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of the most important and effective works of water resource planning and management is determining the specific, applicable, regulated operating policies of the Zayandehroud dam reservoir, as a case study, in which it should be user-friendly and straightforward for the operator. For this purpose, different methods have been proposed in which each of them has its limitations. Due to the unique capabilities of the genetic programming (GP) model, here, this method is used to determine the operating rule curves and policies of the dam reservoir. For this purpose, here, two cases are proposed in which, in the first case, each month is individually simulated and modeled. However, in the second case, all months are simulated simultaneously. A second case is proposed here to determine simple and more applicable operation rule curves. In addition, two approaches are suggested for each case in which in the first approach, the influential input variables are selected by presenting the hybrid method. In the proposed hybrid method, the artificial neural network (ANN) model is equipped with non dominated sorting genetic (NSGA-II) algorithm leading to a hybrid method named the ANN-NSGA-II method. However, in the second approach, the influential input variables are selected automatically using the GP method. Here, the hybrid method is proposed and used to overcome the limitations of existing usual method. In other words, it is proposed to reduce the number of influential input variables of data-driven methods and select the effective ones. The obtained results of all proposed cases and approaches are presented and compared with the standard operation policy (SOP) method, stochastic dynamic programming (SDP), ANN model and, NLP method. Comparison of the results shows the acceptable performance of the proposed cases and approaches. In other words, the best- obtained values of (stability index) SI index and water deficit (objective function value) are 49.3% and 32, respectively.
Implementation of P-type black silicon with high aspect ratio for optoelectronics applications
Authors: Hwail Hussam Muhsin , Abdullah Manal Midhat 
Published: July 2021

Black Silicon (BSi) is a semiconductor with a surface modified to get a very low reflectivity and correspondingly high absorption of visible light. P-type <100> silicon wafers were used to prepare very low reflecting samples. These samples may use as substrates in optoelectronic applications. Electrochemical etching at different etching current, and time were applied. B-silicon is chemically equal to normal silicon, differs in surface treatment that changes a morphology. This special morphology is demanded for absorption enhancement which involves maximum light absorption. Surface roughness is done by texturing or trenching a silicon wafer surface. As these structures are in place, and as they are small enough, incident light will be more absorbed and less reflected, this is what gives black silicon its name. BSi was characterized by (FESEM), structural analysis indicates that BS layers were formed. The porosity was in the range of (10–40) % and it is dependent on etching time and etching current value. Etching density is 0.1073/mm2. Reflection analysis shows satisfying minimum reflectivity spectrum with the intensity of peaks decrease and red shifted with increasing the etching current. A peak of the Photoluminescence ranges about 360 nm, PL peaks are blue shifted and proportional to etching current. The band gap energy ranged from 2 to 3.4 eV, it is affected with porous morphology and directly proportional to etching current values
Development of a procedure for determination of damage to seeds and cotton fibers in cotton cleaning machines
Authors: Veliev Fazil , Mustafayeva Esmira , Mamontov Anatoliі , Shevtsov Vadim , Zinchenko Sergii , Rud Anatoliy 
Published: July 2021

Studies on the dynamic state of cotton raw materials when introducing working bodies of processing machines into it allow to draw the following proposition. Depending on the rate of penetration of the working body into the cotton medium and the density of the medium, in the formulas used to describe the state of the medium, the exponent у ρ can vary from 1.5 to 3. The exponent for density ρ is a measure of the compression and compaction of raw materials on the surface of the working body. The exponent of ρ is also related to the amount of damage to cotton fibers and seeds. For the first time, a cotton mass is considered as a compressible porous two-component medium consisting of a mixture of cotton fibers and air included in the composition of a porous medium, which is essential in dynamic processing processes, and it must be taken into account when planning technological modes. From experiments on the penetration of a splitter with a peripheral speed u=3.5 m/s into a cotton medium with a density of ρ=150–350 kg/m3, it can be seen that a locally located “air cushion” appears in the close vicinity of the split end. The pressure in it increases by 1.5–2 times in comparison with the pressure of statistical compression of cotton fibers alone, without taking into account the influence of the air located in the pores of the system. The forces of compression of cotton fibers from the action of the splitter and the force of volumetric action on the fibers are comparable in the area of the "air cushion".
Using the general equations of the mechanics of the compressed medium, as well as experimental data, the fundamental equation of the dynamic state of the mass of raw cotton when the working body of the processing machine is introduced into it, such as the density of the medium, the speed of the working body, its external shape and the degree of surface treatment, is derived. The resulting equation can be used to describe the power stresses in a cotton environment in the technological processes of roller and saw ginning, and during cotton cleaning
Morphological and molecular characterization ofIotonchus lotilabiatusn. sp. (Nematoda: Iotonchidae) from Lao Cai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Vu Tam T. T. , Le Thi Mai Linh , Nguyen Thi Duyen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe new speciesIotonchus lotilabiatusn. sp. from Bat Xat Nature reserve in Lao Cai Province, Vietnam is described and the molecular data (18S and 28S rDNA) are given. Females of the new species are characterized by large body size (L = 3.8-5.2 mm); barrel shaped buccal cavity of large size (41–54×70–89 µm) with dorsal tooth apex located 22 to 23.5% of buccal cavity length from its base; reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic, vagina long, corresponding almost half of body width at the vulva with distinctparrefringens vaginae, sclerotized and triangulated pieces in optical section; tail long filiform, ventrally arcuate, with three small caudal glands in tandem and prominent terminal spinneret. Males with spicules 119 to 148 µm in length, and slender, slightly curved gubernaculum, 39 to 44 µm long and with 13 to 14 ventromedian supplements. The new speciesIotonchus lotilabiatusn. sp. is closest toI. miamaensis(Khan and Araki, 2002), but differs by having larger size of body length and buccal cavity, lower position of dorsal tooth apex; longer female tail with lowercbut higherc′ratios and the presence of advulval cuticular structures.
Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-octahydro-xanthene and Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran Derivatives Promoted by two Bis-imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Shirzad Maryam , Nasiri Mitra , Daneshvar Nader , Tajik Hassan 
Published: July 2021

Aim and objective:In this work, we have prepared two bis-dicationic ionic liquids with the same cationic core (Bis-imidazole) and different counter-anions using sulfuric acid and perchloric acids. After that, the efficiency and ability of these compounds as catalysts were investigated and compared with respect to the promotion of Knoevenagel condensation and synthesis of benzo[ b] pyran derivatives to see the effect of the anionic counter-part in the reaction.Material and method:In a 25 mL round-bottomed flask, a mixture of aldehyde (1.0 mmol), 1,3-- cyclo dicarbonyl (2.0 mmol), and the desired amount of the above-mentioned acidic ionic liquids was heated at 90°C in the absence of solvent (Reaction A). In a 25 mL round-bottomed flask, a mixture of aldehyde (1.0 mmol), 1,3-cyclo dicarbonyl (1.0 mmol), malononitrile, (1.1 mmol) and calculated amounts of the ionic liquid in water (3.0 mL) was heated at 80°C (Reaction B) for the appropriated time. After the completion of the reaction which was monitored by TLC of (n-hexane: EtOAc; 3:1). 10 mL of water was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 minutes. Then, the products were separated by filtration and washed several times with water, after drying, the pure products were obtained.Results:Comparison of the obtained results from both the ionic liquids revealed that [H2- Bisim][HSO4]2, because of its more acidic structure, had shown a more catalytic activity in the preparation of 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-xanthene derivatives but [H2-Bisim][ClO4]2 was relatively more efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. Because the stronger acidic nature of [H2-Bisim][HSO4]2 may prevent the simple activation of malononitrile in the reaction media.Conclusion:In this study, we have introduced efficient methods for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydro- xanthene and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives in the presence of catalytic amounts of [H2-Bisim][ClO4]2 and [H2-Bisim][HSO4]2. These methods have several advantages such as ease of preparation and handling of the catalysts, high reaction rates, excellent yields, eco-friendly procedures, and simple work-up.
La mímesis como arte – Primera parte: Hermenéutica
Authors: Mandolini Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

Este es el primero de los dos artículos que se llaman, respectivamente "La mímrsis como arte, Primera parte – Hermenéuitoca", y"La mímesis como arte, Segunda Parte – Heurrística."El artículo que envío aquí, intitulado "La mímesis como arte, Primera parte – Hermenéuitoca" es una exégesis de los textos de Platón , Aristóteles y Hegel respto de la mímesis. Luego de presentar esta confrontación, nos inclinaremos por el punto de vista de Aristóteles, exponiendo las razones qu nos llevan a pensara que su pensamiento permite articular teoría y práctica en una continuidad ejemplar. En defnitiva :La mímesis es una techné, es decir de un conocimiento obtenido a través de la realización y no por lla simple especulación teóriica.
- entremedios -
Authors: Venegas Romero Pablo 
Published: July 2021

En el número actual, los textos transitan mayoritariamente sobre el ámbito de las artes escénicas y musicales, sin desprenderse de la dimensión de la imagen puesta en movimiento como factor que se reitera en los manuscritos que hemos publicado. La edición contempla como siempre la incorporación de la obra de una artista de la región, Pamela Román, quien desarrolla y practica el grabado como espacio de experimentación y expresión; en esta oportunidad nos presenta “REVERDECER”, una mirada sobre la corporalidad humana y la transformación que viene desarrollando desde la naturaleza; asimismo, como colofón. José Antonio Abreu realiza una reseña sobre Fahrenheit 11/9, documental del director Michael Moore, donde además de la denuncia política como perfil de su filmografía, construye un discurso muy visual, con recursos donde la imagen es fundamental; una constante que en nuestros últimos números, sigue siendo protagonista.