bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paper and thread as media for the frugal detection of urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Authors: Hasandka Amrutha , Singh Ankita Ramchandran , Prabhu Anusha , Singhal Hardik Ramesh , Nandagopal M. S. Giri , Mani Naresh Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) make up a significant proportion of the global burden of disease in vulnerable groups and tend to substantially impair the quality of life of those affected, making timely detection of UTIs a priority for public health. However, economic and societal barriers drastically reduce accessibility of traditional lab-based testing methods for critical patient groups in low-resource areas, negatively affecting their overall healthcare outcomes. As a result, cellulose-based materials such as paper and thread have garnered significant interest among researchers as substrates for so-called frugal analytical devices which leverage the material’s portability and adaptability for facile and reproducible diagnoses of UTIs. Although the field may be only in its infancy, strategies aimed at commercial penetration can appreciably increase access to more healthcare options for at-risk people. In this review, we catalogue recent advances in devices that use cellulose-based materials as the primary housing or medium for UTI detection and chart out trends in the field. We also explore different modalities employed for detection, with particular emphasis on their ability to be ported onto discreet casings such as sanitary products.
Graphical abstract
Rim lesions are demonstrated in early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis using 3 T-based susceptibility-weighted imaging in a multi-institutional setting
Authors: Ng Kee Kwong Koy Chong , Mollison Daisy , Meijboom Rozanna , York Elizabeth N. , Kampaite Agniete , Martin Sarah-Jane , Hunt David P. J. , Thrippleton Michael J. , Chandran Siddharthan , Waldman Adam D. ,   FutureMS consortium
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Rim lesions, characterised by a paramagnetic rim on susceptibility-based MRI, have been suggested to reflect chronic inflammatory demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Here, we assess, through susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), the prevalence, longitudinal volume evolution and clinical associations of rim lesions in subjects with early relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS).

Methods
Subjects (n = 44) with recently diagnosed RRMS underwent 3 T MRI at baseline (M0) and 1 year (M12) as part of a multi-centre study. SWI was acquired at M12 using a 3D segmented gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence. Rim lesions identified on SWI were manually segmented on FLAIR images at both time points for volumetric analysis.

Results
Twelve subjects (27%) had at least one rim lesion at M12. A linear mixed-effects model, with ‘subject’ as a random factor, revealed mixed evidence for the difference in longitudinal volume change between rim lesions and non-rim lesions (p = 0.0350 and p = 0.0556 for subjects with and without rim lesions, respectively). All 25 rim lesions identified showed T1-weighted hypointense signal. Subjects with and without rim lesions did not differ significantly with respect to age, disease duration or clinical measures of disability (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
We demonstrate that rim lesions are detectable in early-stage RRMS on 3 T MRI across multiple centres, although their relationship to lesion enlargement is equivocal in this small cohort. Identification of SWI rims was subjective. Agreed criteria for defining rim lesions and their further validation as a biomarker of chronic inflammation are required for translation of SWI into routine MS clinical practice.
Long-lasting severe knee pain in a SLE patient after renal transplantation: what is the reason? A case report and literature review
Authors: Masiak Anna , Kościńska Iga , Rutkowska Beata , Zdrojewski Zbigniew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMusculo-skeletal complaints in a patient suffering from systemic lupus, with co-existing chronic renal failure, undergoing immunosuppressive treatment after kidney transplantation, can have a varied etiology. The aim of this work was to present a case based review of differential diagnosis of knee pain in such a patient. A literature search was carried out using MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCO, with no time limit. We undertook a systematic review of the literature published in English, limited to full-text publications of original articles, letters to the editor, and case reports in peer-reviewed journals, for a discussion and analysis of studies reporting arthralgia in patients with lupus after kidney transplantation. We present a case report of a 45-year-old woman with lupus nephritis, after kidney transplantation, who started to complain of increasing pain in the knees, most pronounced at night and after physical activity approximately 2 years after transplantation. Extensive causal diagnostics were carried out, which revealed bilateral extensive regions of bone infarction in the femur and tibia, chondropathy, degenerative changes of medial meniscuses in the body and posterior horn as well as chondromalacia of the patella. Establishing the right diagnosis is crucial for implementing appropriate treatment.
Acute effects of two caffeine doses on bar velocity during the bench press exercise among women habituated to caffeine: a randomized, crossover, double-blind study involving control and placebo conditions
Authors: Filip-Stachnik Aleksandra , Krzysztofik Michal , Del Coso Juan , Wilk Michal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different doses of caffeine (3 and 6 mg/kg) to enhance bar velocity during the bench press in women habituated to caffeine.

Methods
Twelve recreationally trained women (age: 23.3 ± 0.8 years, body mass: 60.7 ± 5.7 kg, bench press one-repetition maximum (1RM): 44.3 ± 7.8 kg, daily caffeine ingestion: 5.7 ± 2.0 mg/kg/day) participated in a randomized double-blind experimental design. Each participant performed four different experimental sessions: after no supplementation (control, CON), after ingesting 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine (CAF-3 and CAF-6, respectively), or after ingesting a placebo (PLAC). In each experimental session, the participants performed 3 sets of 3 repetitions of the bench press exercise at 50% 1RM.

Results
A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with subsequent post hoc analyses indicated significant increases in peak velocity (p < 0.01; ES = 0.91) and mean velocity (p < 0.01; ES = 0.78) after the intake of CAF-6 compared to CON. The study did not show significant differences in bar velocity between CAF-6 and PLAC and between CAF-3 and PLAC. No significant differences in bar velocity were observed between CAF-3 and CAF-6 conditions.

Conclusion
These results suggest that 6 mg/kg of caffeine can be an effective dose to improve power-specific training outcomes in women habituated to caffeine. However, the ergogenic effect of 6 mg/kg of caffeine may be derived from a combination of biological effects and expectancy, as this dose was only superior to the control condition with no differences over the placebo.
An isogeometric scaled boundary plate formulation for the analysis of ionic electroactive paper
Authors: Klassen Markus , Klinkel Sven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, electroactive paper emerged as a new alternative in the field of smart actuators. It is based on a cellulose material which is able to bend under the influence of an external electric field similarly as ionic polymer metal composites. The bending mechanism is mainly attributed to the migration of ionic charges over the thickness of a thin sheet of paper. The present contribution proposes a numerical framework for the simulation of electroactive paper. It is based on a scaled boundary plate formulation for isogeometric analysis. In contrast to the standard scaled boundary plate approach, the scaling direction is solved numerically by a B-Spline approximation. This allows to render nonlinear effects over the plate thickness as well as displacement fields of higher continuity. The model is applicable to very thin structures such as electroactive paper, and it also captures the nonlinear ionic charge distribution which is coupled to the bending mechanism of the actuator.
Moment Estimates of the Cloud of a Planar Measure
Authors: Putinar Mihai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith a proper function theoretic definition of the cloud of a positive measure with compact support in the real plane, a computational scheme of transforming the moments of the original measure into the moments of the uniformly distributed mass on the cloud is described. The main limiting operation involves exclusively truncated Christoffel-Darboux kernels, while error bounds depend on the spectral asymptotics of a Hankel kernel belonging to the Hilbert-Schmidt class.
2D morphometric analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana nuclei reveals characteristic profiles of different cell types and accessions
Authors: Pavlova Penka , van Zanten Martijn , Snoek Basten L. , de Jong Hans , Fransz Paul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Functional changes of cells upon developmental switches and in response to environmental cues are often reflected in nuclear phenotypes, showing distinctive chromatin states corresponding to transcriptional changes. Such characteristic nuclear shapes have been microscopically monitored and can be quantified after differential staining of euchromatin and heterochromatin domains. Here, we examined several nuclear parameters (size, DNA content, DNA density, chromatin compaction, relative heterochromatin fraction (RHF), and number of chromocenters) in relation to spatial distribution of genes and transposon elements (TEs), using standard 2D fluorescence microscopy. We provide nuclear profiles for different cell types and different accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. A variable, yet significant, fraction of TEs was found outside chromocenters in all cell types, except for guard cells. The latter cell type features nuclei with the highest level of chromatin compaction, while their chromocenters seem to contain gene-rich regions. The highest number of parameter correlations was found in the accession Cvi, whereas Ler showed only few correlations. This may point at differences in phenotype robustness between accessions. The significantly high association of NOR chromocenters in accessions Ws and Cvi corresponds to their low RHF level.
Recent advances in Apertium, a free/open-source rule-based machine translation platform for low-resource languages
Authors: Khanna Tanmai , Washington Jonathan N. , Tyers Francis M. , Bayatlı Sevilay , Swanson Daniel G. , Pirinen Tommi A. , Tang Irene , Alòs i Font Hèctor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of Apertium, a free and open-source rule-based machine translation platform. Translation in Apertium happens through a pipeline of modular tools, and the platform continues to be improved as more language pairs are added. Several advances have been implemented since the last publication, including some new optional modules: a module that allows rules to process recursive structures at the structural transfer stage, a module that deals with contiguous and discontiguous multi-word expressions, and a module that resolves anaphora to aid translation. Also highlighted is the hybridisation of Apertium through statistical modules that augment the pipeline, and statistical methods that augment existing modules. This includes morphological disambiguation, weighted structural transfer, and lexical selection modules that learn from limited data. The paper also discusses how a platform like Apertium can be a critical part of access to language technology for so-called low-resource languages, which might be ignored or deemed unapproachable by popular corpus-based translation technologies. Finally, the paper presents some of the released and unreleased language pairs, concluding with a brief look at some supplementary Apertium tools that prove valuable to users as well as language developers. All Apertium-related code, including language data, is free/open-source and available at https://github.com/apertium.
Reviewing the consequences of genetic purging on the success of rescue programs
Authors: Pérez-Pereira Noelia , Caballero Armando , García-Dorado Aurora 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenetic rescue is increasingly considered a promising and underused conservation strategy to reduce inbreeding depression and restore genetic diversity in endangered populations, but the empirical evidence supporting its application is limited to a few generations. Here we discuss on the light of theory the role of inbreeding depression arising from partially recessive deleterious mutations and of genetic purging as main determinants of the medium to long-term success of rescue programs. This role depends on two main predictions: (1) The inbreeding load hidden in populations with a long stable demography increases with the effective population size; and (2) After a population shrinks, purging tends to remove its (partially) recessive deleterious alleles, a process that is slower but more efficient for large populations than for small ones. We also carry out computer simulations to investigate the impact of genetic purging on the medium to long term success of genetic rescue programs. For some scenarios, it is found that hybrid vigor followed by purging will lead to sustained successful rescue. However, there may be specific situations where the recipient population is so small that it cannot purge the inbreeding load introduced by migrants, which would lead to increased fitness inbreeding depression and extinction risk in the medium to long term. In such cases, the risk is expected to be higher if migrants came from a large non-purged population with high inbreeding load, particularly after the accumulation of the stochastic effects ascribed to repeated occasional migration events. Therefore, under the specific deleterious recessive mutation model considered, we conclude that additional caution should be taken in rescue programs. Unless the endangered population harbors some distinctive genetic singularity whose conservation is a main concern, restoration by continuous stable gene flow should be considered, whenever feasible, as it reduces the extinction risk compared to repeated occasional migration and can also allow recolonization events.
Dynamics of a flexible body: a two-field formulation
Authors: Géradin Michel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA two-field formulation of the nonlinear dynamics of an elastic body is presented in which positions/orientations and the resulting velocity field are treated as independent. Combining a nonclassical description of elastic velocity that includes the convection velocity due to elastic deformation with floating reference axes minimizing the relative kinetic energy due to elastic deformation provides a fully uncoupled expression of kinetic energy. A transformation inspired by the classical Legendre transformation concept is introduced to develop the motion equations in canonical form. Finite element discretization is achieved using the same shape function sets for elastic displacements and velocities. Specific attention is brought to the discretization of the gyroscopic forces induced by elastic deformation. A model reduction strategy to construct superelement models suitable for flexible multibody dynamics applications is proposed, which fulfills the essential condition of orthogonality between a rigid body and elastic motions. The problem of expressing kinematic connections at superelement boundaries is briefly addressed. Two academic examples have been developed to illustrate some of the concepts presented.
Knowledge translation resources to support the use of quality of life assessment tools for the care of older adults living at home and their family caregivers
Authors: Schick-Makaroff Kara , Sawatzky Richard , Cuthbertson Lena , Öhlén Joakim , Beemer Autumn , Duquette Dominique , Karimi-Dehkordi Mehri , Stajduhar Kelli I. , Suryaprakash Nitya , Terblanche Landa , Wolff Angela C. , Cohen S. Robin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To support the use of quality of life (QOL) assessment tools for older adults, we developed knowledge translation (KT) resources tailored for four audiences: (1) older adults and their family caregivers (micro), (2) healthcare providers (micro), (3) healthcare managers and leaders (meso), and (4) government leaders and decision-makers (macro). Our objectives were to (1) describe knowledge gaps and resources and (2) develop corresponding tailored KT resources to support use of QOL assessment tools by each of the micro-, meso-, and macro-audiences.

Methods
Data were collected in two phases through semi-structured interviews/focus groups with the four audiences in Canada. Data were analyzed using qualitative description analysis. KT resources were iteratively refined through formative evaluation.

Results
Older adults and family caregivers (N = 12) wanted basic knowledge about what “QOL assessment” meant and how it could improve their care. Healthcare providers (N = 13) needed practical solutions on how to integrate QOL assessment tools in their practice. Healthcare managers and leaders (N = 14) desired information about using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) in healthcare programs and quality improvement. Government leaders and decision-makers (N = 11) needed to know how to access, use, and interpret PROM and PREM information for decision-making purposes. Based on these insights and evidence-based sources, we developed KT resources to introduce QOL assessment through 8 infographic brochures, 1 whiteboard animation, 1 live-action video, and a webpage.

Conclusion
Our study affirms the need to tailor KT resources on QOL assessment for different audiences. Our KT resources are available: www.healthyqol.com/older-adults.
Time-dependent reliability analysis of unsaturated slopes under rapid drawdown with intelligent surrogate models
Authors: Guardiani Carlotta , Soranzo Enrico , Wu Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSlope stability in reservoirs depends on time-dependent triggering factors such as fluctuations of the groundwater level and precipitation. This paper assesses the stability of reservoir slopes over time, accounting for the uncertainty of the shear strength and hydraulic parameters. An intelligent surrogate model has been developed to reduce the computational effort. The capability of two machine learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Regression and Extreme Gradient Boosting, is considered to obtain the relationship between geomechanical parameters and the factor of safety. The probability of failure of a hypothetical reservoir slope is estimated employing Monte Carlo simulations for different scenarios of drawdown velocity. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of the geomechanical parameters, regarded as random variables, on the probability of failure. The results revealed that the coefficient of variation in the effective friction angle and the correlation between effective cohesion and friction angle have the highest impact on the probability of failure. The intelligent surrogate model can predict the factor of safety of reservoir slopes under rapid drawdown with high accuracy and enhanced computational efficiency.
Das „Reasoning-and-Rehabilitation“-Programm im deutschen Strafvollzug – Einstellungs- und Verhaltensveränderungen im Behandlungsverlauf
Authors: Hosser Daniela , Weber Sophia 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDas „Reasoning-and-Rehabilitation“-Programm (R&R) wird in zahlreichen Einrichtungen des deutschen Straf- und Maßregelvollzugs angewendet und wurde international bereits eingehend evaluiert. Dennoch fehlten bislang Untersuchungen zur Behandlungseffektivität aus dem deutschen Strafvollzug. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurde die Effektivität des R&R erstmals in diesem Setting anhand eines Messwiederholungsdesigns (Prä‑, Post-, und Follow-up-Messung) in einer Stichprobe von 134 männlichen Inhaftierten im Alter von 17 bis 58 Jahren untersucht. Erhoben wurden Selbstangaben (u. a. Aggression, Impulsivität, moralische Bewertungen und Empathie) sowie Akteninformationen zu Regelverstößen. Letztere wurden mit den Angaben einer parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe (n = 113) verglichen. Im Haftverlauf konnten positive Veränderungen der erfassten Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren der Delinquenz mit Effektstärken im kleinen bis mittleren Bereich ausgemacht werden, die bis zur Follow-up-Messung stabil blieben. Auf der Verhaltensebene zeigten sich bei den Programmteilnehmern im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe weniger neue Regelverstöße im Behandlungsverlauf. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Behandlungspraxis diskutiert.
High-Throughput Statistical Interrogation of Mechanical Properties with Build Plate Location and Powder Reuse in AlSi10Mg
Authors: Carroll Jay D. , Exil Andrea N. , DeJong Stephanie A. , Valdez Isaac A. , Laursen Christopher M. , Deibler Lisa A. , Finfrock Christopher B. , Boyce Brad L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) allows agile, rapid manufacturing of geometrically complex components that would otherwise be impossible through traditional manufacturing methods. With this maturing manufacturing technology comes the need to adopt testing methods that are commensurate with the speed of additive manufacturing and take advantage of its geometric flexibility. High-throughput tensile testing (HTT) is a technique that allows a large number of tensile bars to be tested in a short amount of time. In the present study, HTT is used to evaluate AM AlSi10Mg produced using powder bed fusion with a Renishaw AM250 machine. Three parameters were varied in this study: (1) powder reuse history, (2) location on the build plate, and (3) size of the tensile specimen. For all parameter combinations, at least 22 specimens were tested; in several cases, over 40 were tested. This large dataset, consisting of over 500 tensile tests, permits Weibull statistical analysis and provides sufficient fidelity to isolate subtle trends that would have likely been missed in smaller, traditional datasets. The observed trends are rationalized in terms of the role of porosity and surface crust on mechanical response.
Achieving proportional fairness in WiFi networks via bandit convex optimization
Authors: Famitafreshi Golshan , Cano Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit proportional fair channel allocation in IEEE 802.11 networks. Traditional approaches are either based on the explicit solution of the optimization problem or use iterative solvers to converge to the optimum. Instead, we propose an algorithm able to learn the optimal slot transmission probability only by monitoring the throughput of the network. We have evaluated this algorithm both (i) using the true value of the function to optimize and (ii) considering estimation errors. We provide a comprehensive performance evaluation that includes assessing the sensitivity of the algorithm to different learning and network parameters as well as its reaction to network dynamics. We also evaluate the effect of noisy estimates on the convergence rate and propose a method to alleviate them. We believe our approach is a practical solution to improve the performance of wireless networks as it does not require knowing the network parameters in advance. Yet, we conclude that the setting of the parameters of the algorithm is crucial to guarantee fast convergence.