bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation in Forensic Psychiatry and Adjacent Clinical Fields: A Review of Current Assessment and Treatment Methods for Practitioners
Authors: Sygel Kristina , Wallinius Märta 
Published: May 2021

Background: Research has indicated that interactive, computerized case simulations using immersive virtual reality (VR) technology may be beneficial in the augmentation of conventional methods of assessment and treatment in forensic psychiatry, primarily through providing an engaging and safe environment in which the user can practice and learn skills and behaviors. However, there does not appear to be an overview of current developments available in the field, which may be an obstacle to clinicians considering the use of VR in their clinical practice.Objectives: Current, clinically relevant assessment and treatment methods applying immersive VR in forensic or adjacent clinical settings, were analyzed.Methods: This review surveyed the practical use of immersive VR in forensic psychiatry and relevant adjacent psychiatric and forensic fields from 2016 to 2020 and was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Results: Out of the 1,105 journal articles screened, 14 met criteria for inclusion. Four articles described VR interventions directly addressing forensic psychiatric settings (treatment of general aggression and assessment of sexual offenders against children). The majority of the remaining articles were in the clinical domain of psychosis treatment. Several interventions were designed as part of comprehensive treatment programs, and others were intended as one-off assessments or paired with pre-existing psychological treatment. The degree to which the VR simulations were individualized to the user appeared to be largely dependent upon the extent of provider input. A variety of research methodologies were used in the included articles and the majority had limitations common to small-scale, non-randomized studies. None of the studies reported serious adverse effects.Discussion: There is a lack of large randomized controlled trials of current assessments or treatments using VR simulation in forensic psychiatry, let alone those with long-term follow-up, showing clear advantages of VR over standard practice. The evidence thus far is insufficient to recommend immediate and large-scale implementation of any one VR intervention, however, several have been shown to be feasible and acceptable to the participants and to provide insights and inspiration for future research and development.
Health Care Providers as Agents of Change: Integrating PrEP With Other Sexual and Reproductive Health Services for Adolescent Girls and Young Women
Authors: O'Malley Gabrielle , Beima-Sofie Kristin M. , Roche Stephanie D. , Rousseau Elzette , Travill Danielle , Omollo Victor , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Bekker Linda-Gail , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Kinuthia John , Barnabee Gena , Dettinger Julie C. , Wagner Anjuli D. , Pintye Jillian , Morton Jennifer F. , Johnson Rachel E. , Baeten Jared M. , John-Stewart Grace , Celum Connie L. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Successful integration of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with existing reproductive health services will require iterative learning and adaptation. The interaction between the problem-solving required to implement new interventions and health worker motivation has been well-described in the public health literature. This study describes structural and motivational challenges faced by health care providers delivering PrEP to adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) alongside other SRH services, and the strategies used to overcome them.Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCWs from two demonstration projects delivering PrEP to AGYW alongside other SRH services. The Prevention Options for the Women Evaluation Research (POWER) is an open label PrEP study with a focus on learning about PrEP delivery in Kenyan and South African family planning, youth mobile services, and public clinics at six facilities. PrIYA focused on PrEP delivery to AGYW via maternal and child health (MCH) and family planning (FP) clinics in Kenya across 37 facilities. IDIs and FGDs were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a combination of inductive and deductive methods.Results: We conducted IDIs with 36 participants and 8 FGDs with 50 participants. HCW described a dynamic process of operationalizing PrEP delivery to better respond to patient needs, including modifying patient flow, pill packaging, and counseling. HCWs believed the biggest challenge to sustained integration and scaling of PrEP for AGYW would be lack of health care worker motivation, primarily due to a misalignment of personal and professional values and expectations. HCWs frequently described concerns of PrEP provision being seen as condoning or promoting unprotected sex among young unmarried, sexually active women. Persuasive techniques used to overcome these reservations included emphasizing the social realities of HIV risk, health care worker professional identities, and vocational commitments to keeping young women healthy.Conclusion: Sustained scale-up of PrEP will require HCWs to value and prioritize its incorporation into daily practice. As with the provision of other SRH services, HCWs may have moral reservations about providing PrEP to AGYW. Strategies that strengthen alignment of HCW personal values with professional goals will be important for strengthening motivation to overcome delivery challenges.
Training the Next Generation of Academic Global Neurosurgeons: Experience of the Association of Future African Neurosurgeons
Authors: Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney , Zolo Yvan , Nguembu Stéphane , Tétinou Francklin , Sebopelo Lorraine Arabang , Endalle Geneviève , Sichimba Dawin , Takoukam Régis , Ghomsi Nathalie , Jumbam Desmond T. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:Although the past decade has seen a substantial increase in African neurosurgeons' academic productivity, productivity remains low compared to their colleagues from other regions. Aspiring neurosurgeons can contribute to the academic neurosurgery workforce by taking care of less technical and time-consuming research tasks. Fortunately, global neurosurgery institutions have also made efforts to increase research exposure and scholarly output in academic global neurosurgery. The Association of Future African Neurosurgeons (AFAN) created a research incubator for aspiring academic global neurosurgeons in Africa to provide enrollees with mentorship, skills, and experience. This study assesses and reports the activities and results of the research incubator.Methods:Aspiring academic global neurosurgeons were enrolled in the AFAN Research Incubator Program (ARIP), whose primary objective was to provide enrollees with foundational skills in all aspects of the research cycle. ARIP enrollees participated in didactic and practical activities with the aim of publishing ≥1 article and presenting ≥1 abstracts at international conferences in one year.Results:Fifteen AFAN members aged 25.0 ± 3.0 years enrolled in ARIP: 7 (46.7%) medical students, 4 (26.7%) general practitioners, and 4 (26.7%) residents. Eleven (73.3%) were male, 6 (40.0%) were from Cameroon and 6 (40.0%) had no previous research experience. Two (13.3%) enrollees dropped out. ARIP enrollees published a total of 28 articles, and enrollees published a median of 1.0 (IQR = 2) first-author articles on neurosurgical system strengthening. Additionally, ARIP enrollees presented 20 abstracts with a median of one abstract (IQR = 3.0).Conclusion:South-South research collaborations like ARIP can contribute to improving global neurosurgery research capacity and output. These collaborations can set up the foundations for robust research in low- and middle-income countries.
Needs of Young African Neurosurgeons and Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kanmounye Ulrick S. , Robertson Faith C. , Thango Nqobile S. , Doe Alvin Nah , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran , Ginette Pape Aicha , Ondoma Solomon , Balogun James A. , Opoku Isabella , Jokonya Luxwell , Mbaye Thioub , Shabhay Zarina A. , Ashour Ahmed M. , Silva Ana Cristina Veiga , Cheserem Beverly , Karekezi Claire , Hassani Fahd Derkaoui , Mentri Nesrine , Laeke Tsegazeab , Aklilu Abenezer Tirsit , Sanoussi Samuila , Musara Aaron , Ntalaja Jeff , Ssenyonga Peter , Bakhti Souad , El Abbadi Najia , Mahmud Muhammad Raji , El-Ghandour Nasser M. F. , Al-Habib Amro , Kolias Angelos G. , Servadei Franco , Fieggen Graham , Qureshi Mahmood , Esene Ignatius ,   CAANS Young Neurosurgeons Committee and WFNS Young Neurosurgeons Committee
Published: May 2021

Introduction:Africa has many untreated neurosurgical cases due to limited access to safe, affordable, and timely care. In this study, we surveyed young African neurosurgeons and trainees to identify challenges to training and practice.Methods:African trainees and residents were surveyed online by the Young Neurosurgeons Forum from April 25th to November 30th, 2018. The survey link was distributed via social media platforms and through professional society mailing lists. Univariate and bivariate data analyses were run and aP-value &lt; 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results:112 respondents from 20 countries participated in this study. 98 (87.5%) were male, 63 (56.3%) were from sub-Saharan Africa, and 52 (46.4%) were residents. 39 (34.8%) had regular journal club sessions at their hospital, 100 (89.3%) did not have access to cadaver dissection labs, and 62 (55.4%) had never attended a WFNS-endorsed conference. 67.0% of respondents reported limited research opportunities and 58.9% reported limited education opportunities. Lack of mentorship (P= 0.023, Phi = 0.26), lack of access to journals (P= 0.002, Phi = 0.332), and limited access to conferences (P= 0.019, Phi = 0.369) were associated with the country income category.Conclusion:This survey identified barriers to education, research, and practice among African trainees and young neurosurgeons. The findings of this study should inform future initiatives aimed at reducing the barriers faced by this group.
Complicated Postoperative Flat Back Deformity Correction With the Aid of Virtual and 3D Printed Anatomical Models: Case Report
Authors: Fayad Jennifer , Turbucz Mate , Hajnal Benjamin , Bereczki Ferenc , Bartos Marton , Bank Andras , Lazary Aron , Eltes Peter Endre 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The number of patients with iatrogenic spinal deformities is increasing due to the increase in instrumented spinal surgeries globally. Correcting a deformity could be challenging due to the complex anatomical and geometrical irregularities caused by previous surgeries and spine degeneration. Virtual and 3D printed models have the potential to illuminate the unique and complex anatomical-geometrical problems found in these patients.Case Presentation: We present a case report with 6-months follow-up (FU) of a 71 year old female patient with severe sagittal and coronal malalignment due to repetitive discectomy, decompression, laminectomy, and stabilization surgeries over the last 39 years. The patient suffered from severe low back pain (VAS = 9, ODI = 80). Deformity correction by performing asymmetric 3-column pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and stabilization were decided as the required surgical treatment. To better understand the complex anatomical condition, a patient-specific virtual geometry was defined by segmentation based on the preoperative CT. The geometrical accuracy was tested using the Dice Similarity Index (DSI). A complex 3D virtual plan was created for the surgery from the segmented geometry in addition to a 3D printed model.Discussion: The segmentation process provided a highly accurate geometry (L1 to S2) with a DSI value of 0.92. The virtual model was shared in the internal clinical database in 3DPDF format. The printed physical model was used in the preoperative planning phase, patient education/communication and during the surgery. The surgery was performed successfully, and no complications were registered. The measured change in the sagittal vertical axis was 7 cm, in the coronal plane the distance between the C7 plumb line and the central sacral vertical line was reduced by 4 cm. A 30° correction was achieved for the lumbar lordosis due to the PSO at the L4 vertebra. The patient ODI was reduced to 20 points at the 6-months FU.Conclusions: The printed physical model was considered advantageous by the surgical team in the pre-surgical phase and during the surgery as well. The model was able to simplify the geometrical problems and potentially improve the outcome of the surgery by preventing complications and reducing surgical time.
Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot
Authors: Abraham Jonathan , Wall Jon Cooper , Diab Michel , Beaver Cody 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Ponseti casting has universally been accepted as the gold standard for treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. Conversely, primary treatment for non-idiopathic clubfoot has not been established. The purpose of this study is to compare treatment outcomes following primary soft tissue release (STR) and Ponseti casting of non-idiopathic clubfoot.Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective study of patients treated for non-idiopathic clubfoot between 2005 and 2020 was conducted. Patients were included if they began treatment before the age of 2 and had at least 1 year of follow up. Patients were placed into either the STR group or Ponseti group and variables of interest were documented including reoccurrence of deformity, number of surgeries performed, type of surgeries performed, anesthesia time, and surgery time. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables.Results: A total of 33 children with 57 neuromuscular/syndromic clubfoot were identified of which 9 (15 feet) were treated with STR and 24 (42 feet) were treated with Ponseti casting. Average anesthesia and surgery time were found to be 291 and 179 min, respectively, for the STR group, and 113 and 67 min for the Ponseti group. The difference in operating time was determined to be significant (p = 0.02, p = 0.01). Patients treated with STR were found to have significantly more surgeries performed over the course of treatment than those treated with Ponseti casting (p = 0.001) with an average of 4.2 surgeries in the STR group and 1.5 surgeries in the Ponseti group. Extracapsular procedures were performed in 100% of the STR group and 97.6% of the Ponseti group (p = 0.55). Intracapsular procedures were performed in 100% of the STR group and 50% of the Ponseti group (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The Ponseti method should serve as the primary approach in the initial treatment of non-idiopathic clubfoot as it can reduce the risk of future invasive intracapsular surgery and shorten anesthesia and surgery times when surgical treatment is necessary.Level of Evidence: Level III retrospective case control study.
In Vitro Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Piper auritum Kunth Essential Oil against Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti
Authors: Chacón César , Bojórquez-Quintal Emanuel , Caamal-Chan Goretty , Ruíz-Valdiviezo Víctor M. , Montes-Molina Joaquín A. , Garrido-Ramírez Eduardo R. , Rojas-Abarca Luis M. , Ruiz-Lau Nancy 
Published: May 2021

The essential oils of plants of the genus Piper have secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial activity related to their chemical composition. The objective of our work was to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antifungal activity of the aerial part essential oil of P. auritum obtained by hydrodistillation on Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti isolated from Capsicum chinense. The antifungal activity was evaluated by direct contact and poisoned food tests, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) and maximum radial growth inhibition (MGI) were determined. The identification of oil metabolites was carried out by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). By direct contact, the essential oil reached an inhibition of over 40% on Fusarium spp. The 8.4 mg/mL concentration showed the highest inhibition on F. oxysporum (40–60%) and F. equiseti (>50%). The MIC50 was 6 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHA-T7 and 9 mg/mL for F. oxysporum FCHJ-T6 and F. equiseti FCHE-T8. DART-MS chemical analysis of the essential oil showed [2M-H]− and [M-H]− adducts of high relative intensity that were mainly attributed to eugenol and thymol/p-cimen-8-ol. The findings found in this study show a fungistatic effect of the essential oil of P. auritum on Fusarium spp.
A rare cause of breast masses in childhood: ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Özay Mustafa , Keskin Zuhal , Şipal Sare , Orbak Zerrin , Alp Handan 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are the result of malign proliferation of lymphoid cells. According to the morphological, immunological and genetic characteristics of childhood NHLs, they are classified as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a distinct form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) which accounts for 15% of all childhood lymphomas. We report a girl presented with a breast mass and diagnosed with systemic ALCL.
Case: A 14-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with without a painless mass in the left breast. Physical examination, it was seen two painless mass was found in the left breast. Also, a 2x2 cm, painless lymphadenopathy was found in the left axilla. She had no systemic symptoms In laboratory tests; hemoglobin, white blood cell count, platelet count, liver and kidney function tests, LDH, and uric acid levels were normal. In the imaging and metastasis screenings made to the patient; ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) showed two masses breast region. A large number of lymphadenopathies were detected in the left axillary, which surrounded the paraaortic, the paracaval, and the celiac truncus. She was found to have a hypermetabolic two masses in the breast (SUVmax=33.05) and lymphadenopathies (SUVmax=27.04) in the left axillary, paraaortic, the paracaval, and the celiac truncus on Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) scan. Excisional biopsy of the tumor mass in the breast was done and immunohistochemical analysis showed CD30 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive ALCL. The patient was diagnosed with stage III anaplastic large cell lymphoma with systemic involvement and she began chemotherapeutic treatment, according to the NHL BFM 1995 protocol. Bone marrow aspirate was normal, and no malignancy was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid. After V-phase, AM block, and BM block treatments evaluation were performed with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT according to protocol. In ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, it was seen that the lymph nodes in the abdominal and the small mass in the breast were completely retracted, and another lymph nodes had no detected. These results showed that the response to the treatment was complete and the patient's chemotherapy was completed by continuing with the protocol. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT taken after the completion of chemotherapy revealed no evidence of mass or lymph node. The patient's controls continue smoothly.
Conclusions: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presented with a breast mass. Treatment procedures should be planned according to the involvement site and spread of the disease.
Geophagia: A cause of distal large bowel obstruction in a Sudanese woman.
Authors: Abu aagla Khalid Yousif , Elsanousi Osama Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Geophagia is defined as the craving and deliberate consumption of dirt, soil, or clay that is practiced sometimes by pregnant ladies, mentally handicapped, or people with iron deficiency anemia. This disorder is seen frequently in people who are native to Africa all around the world. A grave surgical complication can result from the presence of this foreign material inside the intestine notably intestinal perforation, and obstruction
Case: A 34 years old female present with features of distal large bowel obstruction three weeks post-delivery underwent exploratory laparotomy were obstructing piece of clay was found, the patient confirmed after surgery a heavy consumption of river shore clay during the pregnancy.
Conclusions: The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative course, oral intake allowed by the third postoperative day, and the patient was discharged home on the fifth postoperative day. Follow-up at one month after surgery show a clean healed wound with no complaints.
Como Realizar a Gestão de um Projeto de Alto Risco? O Relato da Repatriação das Ararinhas-azuis ao Brasil
Authors: Lugarini Camile , Vercillo Ugo Erlich 
Published: May 2021

A gestão de projetos envolve diferentes ferramentas de planejamento e engajamento da equipe, com objetivo de apresentar as entregas dentro do prazo e com custo reduzido (eficiência). No mundo complexo atual, em que a mudança é a regra, o valor agregado do produto se torna cada vez mais importante, num contexto em que a eficácia é mais importante que a eficiência. Para projetos envolvendo a conservação da biodiversidade se busca utilizar diferentes ferramentas para a sua execução. Neste contexto, o Plano de Ação Nacional para a Conservação da Ararinha-azul (Cyanopsitta spixii ) é um dos que tem maior visibilidade no Brasil, por contemplar uma espécie bandeira possivelmente extinta na natureza. Neste relato apresentam-se os resultados de um projeto executado com sucesso: Plano de Pouso para a realização da repatriação de 52 ararinhas-azuis. O modelo de gestão adotado foi tradicional, com algumas abordagens da gestão ágil de projetos, especialmente no que concerne à entrega de produtos de valor para os stakeholders , sem a necessidade de gerar planejamentos e documentação excessivos. Em 03 de março de 2020, as ararinhas-azuis voltaram à Caatinga, ainda em situação de cativeiro, mais um grande passo para voltarem a voar livres.
An Empirical Proxy for the Second Integral of Motion in Rotating Barred or Tri-axial Potentials
Authors: Qin Yu-Jing , Shen Juntai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We identify an effective proxy for the analytically unknown second integral of motion (I
2) for rotating barred or tri-axial potentials. Planar orbits of a given energy follow a tight sequence in the space of the time-averaged angular momentum and its amplitude of fluctuation. The sequence monotonically traces the main orbital families in the Poincaré map, even in the presence of resonant and chaotic orbits. This behavior allows us to define the calibrated angular momentum, the average angular momentum (

) normalized by the amplitude of its fluctuation (

), as a numerical proxy for I
2. It also implies that the amplitude of fluctuation in L

z
, previously underappreciated, contains valuable information. This new proxy allows one to classify orbital families easily and accurately, even for real orbits in N-body simulations of barred galaxies. It is a good diagnostic tool of dynamical systems, and may facilitate the construction of equilibrium models.
L’enseignement universitaire en milieu carcéral
Authors: Salado Régis 
Published: May 2021

Paris 7 – Paris Diderot, devenue Université de Paris, est la seule université en France à proposer des enseignements universitaires en prison sous la forme de cours présentiels, à travers un service dédié : la S.E.E. (Section des étudiants empêchés). Consacré à la présentation de ce service et des principales activités qu’il organise en milieu carcéral, avec un focus sur une formation spécifique, le Diplôme d’Université « Formation aux Humanités : Lettres et Sciences humaines », ce texte se termine par quelques réflexions ouvrant sur les perspectives actuelles de développement de l’enseignement universitaire en milieu carcéral.