bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<p><strong>Sensitivity of Senepol and Caracu breeds to parasitism by <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em></strong></p>
Authors: Piña Francisco Tobias Barradas , Zimmermann Namor Pinheiro , Garcia Marcos Valério , Higa Leandro De Oliveira Souza , Oshiro Leandra Marla , Duarte Pâmela Oliveira , Barros Jacqueline Cavalcante , Andreotti Renato 
Published: May 2021

Taurine breeds and animals crossbred for genetic resistance to Rhipicephalus microplus have been the focus of several studies aimed at producing better responses of cattle to tick infestations and seeking to reduce treatment costs and improve the quality of bovine byproducts. Another way to increase gains is the introduction of taurine breeds with the goal of obtaining morphological and physiological characteristics more adapted to production. Although several studies have compared taurine and zebu breeds, little is known about the differences found within the taurine group. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the Senepol and Caracu breeds to artificial R. microplus infestations. For this purpose, a stall test was conducted on 16 Caracu and 14 Senepol bulls. The animals were subjected to artificial infestation with a total of 15,000 R. microplus larvae per animal. The Senepol group accounted for 71.7% of the retrieved engorged female ticks. The biological parameters analyzed that showed a significant difference included the mean number of engorged female ticks retrieved (p = 0.000), weight of engorged female ticks (p = 0.000), rate of engorged female ticks retrieved (p = 0.03) and egg mass weight (p = 0.032). Thus, the present study demonst rated a higher susceptib ility of the Senepol breed to parasitism by the Asian blue tick than the Caracu breed, providing support for new studies on the subjects of genetic resistance, animal breeding and cattle production.
Ongoing risk of bladder cancer among former workers at the last benzidine manufacturing facility in the USA
Authors: Millerick-May Melissa L , Wang Ling , Rice Carol , Rosenman Kenneth D 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether there is an ongoing risk of developing bladder cancer in a previously studied cohort of workers exposed to both benzidine and dichlorobenzidine or dichlorobenzidine only in the last benzidine manufacturing plant in the USA.MethodsWorkers (n=488) were identified from the quarterly 941 forms the employer was required to submit to the Social Security Administration from 1960 to 1977. Exposures were assigned based on dates worked and known benzidine/dichlorobenzidine production schedules. Incidence, vital status and cause of death were determined through 2014. Analyses were restricted to white men.ResultsBladder cancer incidence and mortality were significantly increased (25 incident cases, standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 2.19, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.23, and 5 deaths, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 3.79, 95% CI 1.23 to 8.84). There were significant increases in incidence and mortality in those exposed to both benzidine and dichlorobenzidine (SIR 3.11, 95% CI 1.97 to 4.67, SMR 4.10, 95% CI 1.12 to 10.50), but not among workers exposed to dichlorobenzidine only (two incident cases, SIR 0.89, 95% CI 0.11 to 3.23 and one death, SMR 2.90, 95% CI 0.07 to 16.15). Bladder cancer incidence and mortality were increased in individuals with >20 years since last exposure with >5 years worked (six observed, SIR 5.94, 95% CI 2.18 to 12.92 and two deaths, SMR 7.93, 95% CI 0.96 to 28.65).ConclusionsIncidence and mortality due to bladder cancer increased among workers exposed to benzidine but not among workers exposed only to dichlorobenzidine. The risk of incidence and death from bladder cancer remain elevated more than 20 years after last exposure to benzidine in those who worked >5 years.
Bronchial gene expression signature associated with rate of subsequent FEV1 decline in individuals with and at risk of COPD
Authors: Becker Elizabeth J , Faiz Alen , van den Berge Maarten , Timens Wim , Hiemstra Pieter S , Clark Kristopher , Liu Gang , Xiao Xiaohui , Alekseyev Yuriy O , O'Connor George , Lam Stephen , Spira Avrum , Lenburg Marc E , Steiling Katrina 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCOPD is characterised by progressive lung function decline. Leveraging prior work demonstrating bronchial airway COPD-associated gene expression alterations, we sought to determine if there are alterations associated with differences in the rate of FEV1 decline.MethodsWe examined gene expression among ever smokers with and without COPD who at baseline had bronchial brushings profiled by Affymetrix microarrays and had longitudinal lung function measurements (n=134; mean follow-up=6.38±2.48 years). Gene expression profiles associated with the rate of FEV1 decline were identified by linear modelling.ResultsExpression differences in 171 genes were associated with rate of FEV1 decline (false discovery rate <0.05). The FEV1 decline signature was replicated in an independent dataset of bronchial biopsies from patients with COPD (n=46; p=0.018; mean follow-up=6.76±1.32 years). Genes elevated in individuals with more rapid FEV1 decline are significantly enriched among the genes altered by modulation of XBP1 in two independent datasets (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) p<0.05) and are enriched in mucin-related genes (GSEA p<0.05).ConclusionWe have identified and replicated an airway gene expression signature associated with the rate of FEV1 decline. Aspects of this signature are related to increased expression of XBP1-regulated genes, a transcription factor involved in the unfolded protein response, and genes related to mucin production. Collectively, these data suggest that molecular processes related to the rate of FEV1 decline can be detected in airway epithelium, identify a possible indicator of FEV1 decline and make it possible to detect, in an early phase, ever smokers with and without COPD most at risk of rapid FEV1 decline.
Graph Neural Networks for Fast Node Ranking Approximation
Authors: Maurya Sunil Kumar , Liu Xin , Murata Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2021

Graphs arise naturally in numerous situations, including social graphs, transportation graphs, web graphs, protein graphs, etc. One of the important problems in these settings is to identify which nodes are important in the graph and how they affect the graph structure as a whole. Betweenness centrality and closeness centrality are two commonly used node ranking measures to find out influential nodes in the graphs in terms of information spread and connectivity. Both of these are considered as shortest path based measures as the calculations require the assumption that the information flows between the nodes via the shortest paths. However, exact calculations of these centrality measures are computationally expensive and prohibitive, especially for large graphs. Although researchers have proposed approximation methods, they are either less efficient or suboptimal or both. We propose the first graph neural network (GNN) based model to approximate betweenness and closeness centrality. In GNN, each node aggregates features of the nodes in multihop neighborhood. We use this feature aggregation scheme to model paths and learn how many nodes are reachable to a specific node. We demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms current techniques while taking less amount of time through extensive experiments on a series of synthetic and real-world datasets. A benefit of our approach is that the model is inductive, which means it can be trained on one set of graphs and evaluated on another set of graphs with varying structures. Thus, the model is useful for both static graphs and dynamic graphs.
Source code is available at https://github.com/sunilkmaurya/GNN_Ranking
Decreasing the Miss Rate and Eliminating the Performance Penalty of a Data Filter Cache
Authors: Stokes Michael , Whalley David , Onder Soner 
Published: May 2021

While data filter caches (DFCs) have been shown to be effective at reducing data access energy, they have not been adopted in processors due to the associated performance penalty caused by high DFC miss rates. In this article, we present a design that both decreases the DFC miss rate and completely eliminates the DFC performance penalty even for a level-one data cache (L1 DC) with a single cycle access time. First, we show that a DFC that lazily fills each word in a DFC line from an L1 DC only when the word is referenced is more energy-efficient than eagerly filling the entire DFC line. For a 512B DFC, we are able to eliminate loads of words into the DFC that are never referenced before being evicted, which occurred for about 75% of the words in 32B lines. Second, we demonstrate that a lazily word filled DFC line can effectively share and pack data words from multiple L1 DC lines to lower the DFC miss rate. For a 512B DFC, we completely avoid accessing the L1 DC for loads about 23% of the time and avoid a fully associative L1 DC access for loads 50% of the time, where the DFC only requires about 2.5% of the size of the L1 DC. Finally, we present a method that completely eliminates the DFC performance penalty by speculatively performing DFC tag checks early and only accessing DFC data when a hit is guaranteed. For a 512B DFC, we improve data access energy usage for the DTLB and L1 DC by 33% with no performance degradation.
Preterm Delivery and Long-Term Risk of Stroke in Women: A National Cohort and Cosibling Study
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Stroke has a high burden of disease in women, and adverse pregnancy outcomes have been identified as important risk factors for stroke later in life. However, long-term risks of stroke associated with preterm delivery and whether such risks are attributable to familial confounding are unclear. Such knowledge is needed to improve long-term risk assessment and stroke prevention in women.

Methods:
A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 188 043 women with a singleton delivery in Sweden in 1973 through 2015 who were followed up for stroke identified from nationwide diagnoses through 2015. Cox regression was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for stroke associated with pregnancy duration, and cosibling analyses assessed for confounding by shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors.

Results:
In 48.0 million person-years of follow-up, 36 372 (1.7%) women were diagnosed with stroke. In the 10 years after delivery, the aHR for stroke associated with preterm delivery (gestational age <37 weeks) was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.45–1.79) and further stratified was 2.81 (95% CI, 2.02–3.91) for extremely preterm (22–27 weeks), 2.07 (95% CI, 1.74–2.46) for very preterm (28–33 weeks), 1.38 (95% CI, 1.21–1.57) for late preterm (34–36 weeks), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06–1.24) for early term (37–38 weeks), compared with full-term (39–41 weeks) delivery. These risks remained similarly elevated at 10 to 19 years after delivery (preterm versus full-term: aHR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.50–1.74]) and then declined but remained significantly elevated at 20 to 29 years (aHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.28–1.44]) and 30 to 43 years (aHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.27–1.42]). Preterm delivery was associated with both hemorrhagic (aHR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.25–1.38]) and ischemic (aHR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.47–1.61]) stroke across the entire follow-up period (up to 43 years). These findings were not explained by shared determinants of preterm delivery and stroke within families. Stroke risks were higher after either spontaneous or medically indicated preterm delivery, and recurrent preterm delivery was associated with further increases in risk.

Conclusions:
In this large national cohort, preterm delivery was associated with higher future risks of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. These associations remained substantially elevated at least 40 years later, and were largely independent of covariates and shared familial factors. Preterm delivery should be recognized as a risk factor for stroke in women across the life course.
Hemostatic Efficacy and Anti-FXa (Factor Xa) Reversal With Andexanet Alfa in Intracranial Hemorrhage: ANNEXA-4 Substudy
Authors: Demchuk Andrew M. , Yue Patrick , Zotova Elena , Nakamya Juliet , Xu Lizhen , Milling Truman J. , Ohara Tomoyuki , Goldstein Joshua N. , Middeldorp Saskia , Verhamme Peter , Lopez-Sendon Jose Luis , Conley Pamela B. , Curnutte John T. , Eikelboom John W. , Crowther Mark , Connolly Stuart J. ,   on behalf of the ANNEXA-4 Investigators
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Andexanet alfa is a recombinant modified human FXa (factor Xa) developed to reverse FXa inhibition from anticoagulants. Hemostatic efficacy and reversal of anti-FXa activity with andexanet were assessed in patients from the ANNEXA-4 study (Andexanet Alfa, a Novel Antidote to the Anticoagulation Effects of FXa Inhibitors) with intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH).

Methods:
ANNEXA-4 was a single-arm study evaluating andexanet in patients presenting with major bleeding ≤18 hours after taking an FXa inhibitor. Patients received a bolus plus 2-hour infusion of andexanet. Brain imaging in patients with ICrH was performed at baseline and at 1 and 12 hours postandexanet infusion. Coprimary efficacy outcomes were change in anti-FXa activity and hemostatic efficacy at 12 hours (excellent/good efficacy defined as ≤35% increase in hemorrhage volume/thickness). Safety outcomes included occurrence of thrombotic events and death at 30 days.

Results:
A total of 227 patients with ICrH were included in the safety population (51.5% male; mean age 79.3 years) and 171 in the efficacy population (99 spontaneous and 72 traumatic bleeds). In efficacy evaluable patients, excellent/good hemostasis 12 hours postandexanet occurred in 77 out of 98 (78.6%) and in 58 out of 70 (82.9%) patients with spontaneous and traumatic bleeding, respectively. In the subanalysis by FXa inhibitor treatment group in the efficacy population, median of percent change in anti-FXa from baseline to nadir showed a decrease of 93.8% for apixaban-treated patients (n=99) and by 92.6% for rivaroxaban-treated patients (n=59). Within 30 days, death occurred in 34 out of 227 (15.0%) patients and thrombotic events occurred in 21 out of 227 (9.3%) patients (safety population).

Conclusions:
Andexanet reduced anti-FXa activity in FXa inhibitor-treated patients with ICrH, with a high rate of hemostatic efficacy. Andexanet may substantially benefit patients with ICrH, the most serious complication of anticoagulation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02329327.
Patient-Reported Experience Measures in Stroke Care
Authors: Cornelis Cosette , den Hartog Sanne J. , Bastemeijer Carla M. , Roozenbeek Bob , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Van den Berg-Vos Renske M. 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) assess patients’ perception of health care. We aimed to identify all reported PREMs for stroke care and critically appraise psychometric properties of PREMs validated for patients with stroke.

Methods:
Studies on the development, validation, or utilization of PREMs for adult patients with stroke were systematically identified. The Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments criteria were used to appraise psychometric performance.

Results:
We included 18 studies, examining 13 PREMs. Two PREMs had been developed for stroke care: Consumer Quality Index: Cerebrovascular Accident and Riksstroke. Consumer Quality Index: Cerebrovascular Accident was given a positive psychometric assessment, but its length and limited language applicability impede clinical implementation. Riksstroke was appraised as doubtful. Eleven PREMs were generic. The psychometric performance of 5 generic PREMS, validated for patients with stroke, received conflicting assessments. Six generic PREMs had not been validated in patients with stroke and were therefore not assessed for instrument performance.

Conclusions:
Thirteen PREMs have been published for use in stroke care. The stroke-specific Consumer Quality Index: Cerebrovascular Accident has favorable psychometric performance but lacks practical feasibility. Other PREMs have inadequate or unknown psychometric properties. This indicates the need for developing stroke-specific PREMs to support quality improvement and enhance patient-centered care.
A Maqāma on Same-Sex Marriage in the Thirteenth Century
Authors: Pomerantz Maurice 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article provides an editio princeps and English translation of al-Maqāma al-Hītiyya al-Šīrāziyya by al-Šābb al-Ẓarīf al-Tilimsānī (d. 688/1289) preserved in Berlin MS Wetzstein 1847. The maqāma describes a romantic liaison conducted between an older Mamluk and a younger boy. The analysis considers the various literary forms deployed by the author in the course of the maqāma, such as: an erotic epigram, a love letter, mujūn verse, and a marriage ḫuṭba. The conclusion of the article explores what this work reveals about the history of the maqāma form, language, and truth.
Morphology of pupae of Synanthedon codeti (Oberthür, 1881) and Synanthedon theryi Le Cerf, 1916 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Authors: BĄKOWSKI MAREK 
Published: May 2021

This work presents the first description of the pupal morphology of the clearwing moth species Synanthedon codeti (Oberthür, 1881) and S. theryi Le Cerf, 1916. All diagnostic morphological features are described in detail, compared with the closely related species S. vespiformis (Linnaeus, 1761), and the features are illustrated with photographs and line drawings.
How Does Seasonal Forecast Performance Influence Decision-Making? Insights from a Serious Game
Authors: Crochemore Louise , Cantone Carolina , Pechlivanidis Ilias G. , Photiadou Christiana S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn a context that fosters the evolution of hydroclimate services, it is crucial to support and train users in making the best possible forecast-based decisions. Here, we analyze how decision-making is influenced by the seasonal forecast performance based on the Call For Water serious game in which participants manage a water supply reservoir. The aim is twofold: 1) train participants in the concepts of forecast sharpness and reliability, and 2) collect participants’ decisions to investigate the levels of forecast sharpness and reliability needed to make informed decisions. In the first game round, participants are provided with forecasts of varying reliability and sharpness, while in the second round, they have the possibility to pay for systematically reliable and sharp forecasts (improved forecasts). Exploitable answers were collected from 367 participants, predominantly researchers, forecasters, and consultants in the water resources and energy sectors. Results show that improved forecasts led to better decisions, enabling participants to step out of purely conservative strategies and successfully take risks. Reliability levels of 60% are necessary for decision-making while both reliability levels above 70% and sharpness are required for informed risk-prone strategies. Improved forecasts are judged more valuable in extreme years, for instance, when hedging against water shortage risks. Additionally, participants working in the energy, air quality, and agriculture sectors, as well as traders, decision-makers, and forecasters, invested the most in forecasts. Finally, we discuss the potential of serious games to foster capacity development in hydroclimate services and provide recommendations for forecast-based service development.
Emergent Constraints on the Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation and Regional Hydroclimate: Do They Still Work in CMIP6 and How Much Can They Actually Constrain the Future?
Authors: Simpson Isla R. , McKinnon Karen A. , Davenport Frances V. , Tingley Martin , Lehner Flavio , Al Fahad Abdullah , Chen Di 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn emergent constraint (EC) is a statistical relationship, across a model ensemble, between a measurable aspect of the present-day climate (the predictor) and an aspect of future projected climate change (the predictand). If such a relationship is robust and understood, it may provide constrained projections for the real world. Here, models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are used to revisit several ECs that were proposed in prior model intercomparisons with two aims: 1) to assess whether these ECs survive the partial out-of-sample test of CMIP6 and 2) to more rigorously quantify the constrained projected change than previous studies. To achieve the latter, methods are proposed whereby uncertainties can be appropriately accounted for, including the influence of internal variability, uncertainty on the linear relationship, and the uncertainty associated with model structural differences, aside from those described by the EC. Both least squares regression and a Bayesian hierarchical model are used. Three ECs are assessed: (i) the relationship between Southern Hemisphere jet latitude and projected jet shift, which is found to be a robust and quantitatively useful constraint on future projections; (ii) the relationship between stationary wave amplitude in the Pacific–North American sector and meridional wind changes over North America (with extensions to hydroclimate), which is found to be robust but improvements in the predictor in CMIP6 result in it no longer substantially constraining projected change in either circulation or hydroclimate; and (iii) the relationship between ENSO teleconnections to California and California precipitation change, which does not appear to be robust when using historical ENSO teleconnections as the predictor.
Data assimilation challenges posed by nonlinear operators: A comparative study of ensemble and variational filters and smoothers
Authors: Kurosawa Kenta , Poterjoy Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and the 4D variational method (4DVar) are the most commonly used filters and smoothers in atmospheric science. These methods typically approximate prior densities using a Gaussian and solve a linear system of equations for the posterior mean and covariance. Therefore, strongly nonlinear model dynamics and measurement operators can lead to bias in posterior estimates. To improve the performance in nonlinear regimes, minimization of the 4DVar cost function typically follows multiple sets of iterations, known as an “outer loop”, which helps reduce bias caused by linear assumptions. Alternatively, “iterative ensemble methods” follow a similar strategy of periodically re-linearizing model and measurement operators. These methods come with different, possibly more appropriate, assumptions for drawing samples from the posterior density, but have seen little attention in numerical weather prediction (NWP) communities. Lastly, particle filters (PFs) present a purely Bayesian filtering approach for state estimation, which avoids many of the assumptions made by the above methods. Several strategies for applying localized PFs for NWP have been proposed very recently. The current study investigates intrinsic limitations of current data assimilation methodology for applications that require nonlinear measurement operators. In doing so, it targets a specific problem that is relevant to the assimilation of remotely-sensed measurements, such as radar reflectivity and all-sky radiances, which pose challenges for Gaussian-based data assimilation systems. This comparison includes multiple data assimilation approaches designed recently for nonlinear/non-Gaussian applications, as well as those currently used for NWP.