bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Outcomes of Keratoplasty in Irreversible Corneal Decompensation Secondary to Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome
Authors: Yu Ting , Hong Jing , Xiao Ge-ge , Peng Rong-mei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Porpose To evaluate the clinical outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in eyes with irreversible corneal decompensation secondary to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS).Methods In this retrospective case series, a total of 4 eyes undergoing PK and 7 eyes undergoing DSAEK, including 1 eye requiring 1 repeat DEASK, between 2014 and 2021 were enrolled. Postoperative complications, graft survival, glaucoma treatment before and after keratoplasty, visual outcomes, and endothelial cell density were recorded.Results The mean follow-up duration was 33.4 ± 16.8 months. Before keratoplasty, the mean BCVA was 2.0 ± 0.4 LogMAR, and the mean IOP was 21.6 ± 8.1 mmHg. 63.6% of eyes (7/11) received glaucoma treatment, including 5 eyes with glaucoma surgeries. After keratoplasty, 27.3% of eyes (3/11) exhibited secondary graft failure. The mean BCVA reached a maximum of 0.7 ± 0.5 LogMAR at 8.9 ± 7.5 months, with no significant difference between the PK and DSAEK groups (P1=1.00, P2=0.12). Four eyes with previous glaucoma surgeries exhibited markedly high IOP. 72.7% of eyes (8/11) required additional glaucoma treatments. The mean endothelial cell loss (ECL) rates at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months were 43%, 49%, 63% and 54%, respectively, with no significant difference between the PK and DSAEK groups (P1=0.64, P2=1.00, P3=0.57, and P4=0.44).Conclusion Both PK and DSAEK can successfully treat corneal decompensation secondary to ARS, resulting in similar outcomes with regard to IOP control, BCVA and ECL. IOP control is essential for postoperative management, especially for eyes with previous glaucoma surgeries.
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Genetic Variants Are Associated With Risk And/Or Protection To Hospitalization Among Covid-19 Patients From Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Sá Nathalia Beatriz Ramos , Neira-Goulart Milena , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo , Geraldo Kim Mattos , Ribeiro Maria Pia Diniz , Cardoso Sandra Wagner , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Veloso Valdiléa G. , Capão Artur , Siqueira Marilda Mendonça , Bezerra Ohanna Cavalcanti de Lima , Garcia Cristiana Couto , Gomes Larissa Rodrigues , Cazote Andressa da Silva , De Almeida Dalziza Victalina , Giacoia-Gripp Carmem Beatriz Wagner , Côrtes Fernanda Heloise , Morgado Mariza Gonçalves 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to mild or moderate symptoms, reaching the most severe forms and death. The mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its clinical evolution are still unclear. Once SARS-CoV-2 infects individuals, host factors are activated by the presence of the virus inside the cells, such as the inflammasome system. The search of risk factors for COVID-19 is of relevance for clinical management. In this study, we investigated the impact of 11 single-base polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NLRP3, CARD8, AIM2, CASP-1, IFI16, and IL-1β inflammasome genes in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with distinct disease outcomes.
Methods
Patients were divided into two groups: (1) inpatients, with severe/critical disease (Hospitalized group, n=451), and (2) convalescent volunteers with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of asymptomatic to mild symptoms (Mild group, n=43). Patients hospitalized were followed up at a Hospital Center for COVID-19 Pandemic – National Institute of Infectology (INI)/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from June 2020 to March 2021. The Mild group was recruited at Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC)/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2020. Genotyping of the SNPs was determined by Real-Time PCR. Protection and risk estimations were performed by unconditional logistic regression models.
Results
Among the genotyped SNPs, significant differences in the NLRP3 rs1539019 and rs10754558 frequencies were observed between the groups. The C/C genotype (ORadj=6.31; Padj=0.026) or allele C (ORadj=1.05; Padj=0.002) in rs1539019 polymorphism were associated with the risk for hospitalization, while the C/G genotype (ORadj=0.16; Padj=0.016) or carrier-G (ORadj=0.2; Padj=0.028) in rs10754558 polymorphism were associated with protection for hospitalization. Regarding the NLRP3 genetic variants, the A-C-G-C-G haplotype (ORadj=0.14; Padj= 0.030) was associated with protection for hospitalization. No significant association was observed for the other polymorphisms.
Conclusions
As of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the association of inflammasome NLRP3 variants with risk and/or protection for hospitalization in COVID-19. Studies linking the NLRP3 inflammasome and SARS-CoV-2 infection are still scarce due to the recent emergence of this pathogen. Our results contribute to the discussion of the impact of inflammasomes in the clinical evolution of COVID-19.
Pathological consequences of chronic olfactory inflammation on neurite morphology of olfactory bulb projection neurons
Authors: LaFever Brandon Joseph , Kawasawa Yuka Imamura , Ito Ayako , Imamura Fumiaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background : Chronic olfactory inflammation (COI) in conditions such as chronic rhinosinusitis significantly impairs the functional and anatomical components of the olfactory system. COI induced by intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in atrophy, gliosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the OB. Although chronic rhinosinusitis patients have smaller olfactory bulbs (OBs), the consequences of olfactory inflammation on OB neurons are largely unknown.
Methods : In this study, we investigated the neurological consequence of COI on OB projection neurons, mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs). To induce COI, we performed unilateral intranasal administration of LPS to mice for 4 and 10 weeks. Effects of COI on the OB were examined using RNA-sequencing approaches and immunohistochemical analyses.
Results : We found that repeated LPS administration upregulated immune-related biological pathways in the OB after 4 weeks. We also determined that the length of TC lateral dendrites in the OB significantly decreased after 10 weeks of COI. The axon initial segment of TCs decreased in number and in length after 10 weeks of COI. The lateral dendrites and axon initial segments of MCs, however, were largely unaffected. In addition, dendritic arborization and axon initial segment reconstruction both took place following a 10-week recovery period.
Conclusion : Our findings suggests that olfactory inflammation specifically affects TCs and their integrated circuitry, whereas MCs are potentially protected from this condition. This data demonstrates unique characteristics of the OBs ability to undergo neuroplastic changes in response to stress.
Influence of reinforcing ribs on the deformed state of ellipsoidal shells under distributed load
Authors: Maiborodina Nataliia , Gerasymenko Viacheslav , Kovalov Oleksandr 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the problem about non-stationary oscillations of reinforced ellipsoidal shells, taking into account the discrete location of the ribs. Problem bases on a geometrically nonlinear variant of the Tymoshenko theory for shells and rods. A numerical method for solving problems of this class has been developed and substantiated. This article focuses on the location of the reinforcing ribs. On the basis of the developed numerical method the deformed state of discretely supported ellipsoidal shells for internal, external and internal-external placement of ribs is investigated. Boundary conditions for rigidly clamped edges of the shell were studied.
TRPV4-Activation Induced Nerve Fibers Injury Mediates the Memory Impairment After Noise Exposure
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Ju , Yang Chuanyan , Quan Yulian , Chen Xuezhu , Lei Xuejiao , Tan Liang , Feng Hua , Li Fei , Chen Tunan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Excessive exposure to high-intensity, low-frequency noise (HI-LFN) causes vibroacoustic disease (VAD). Memory deficits is one non-auditory symptomatic effect found in humans and rodents with VAD, but the mechanism is largely unknown. This study was designed to explore the nerve fibers impairment in hippocampus and potential mechanism after HI-LFN exposure.Methods: HI-LFN injury model was established by exposing to noises with a frequency of 100, 150 or 200 Hz and a pressure level of 140dB. Adult male WT and TRPV4-/- mice were employed in present study. After HI-LFN exposure, the new object recognition task and the morris water maze were used for examining the memory impairment, HE staining was used to examine the holistic morphological changes hippocampus, immunofluorescence and western blot were used to the detect the change of nerve fibers in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 of the hippocampus.Results: The expression of TRPV4 was significantly upregulated in hippocampus after HI-LFN exposure. What’s more, prominent learning and memory deficits and lower neural cell density with injured nerve fibers in CA1 and DG areas of hippocampus were found in WT mice after HI-LFN exposure. However, TRPV4-/- mice showed better performance in learning and memory tests and more integrated nerve fibers in CA1 and DG areas after HI-LFN exposure compared with that in WT mice.Conclusions: Our data indicated a novel mechanism that the injury of neurons and nerve fibers in hippocampus might be the primary trigger of memory deficits after HI-LFN exposure, and TRPV4 activation plays crucial role in the injury of neurons and nerve fibers in hippocampus, those findings provide a promising therapeutic target for treating cognitive dysfunction after low frequency noise exposure.
The Summer Asia-North America Teleconnection and its Modulation by ENSO in Community Atmosphere Model, Version 5 (CAM5)
Authors: Malloy Kelsey , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Seasonal forecasts of summer continental United States (CONUS) rainfall have relatively low skill, partly due to a lack of consensus about its sources of predictability. The East Asian monsoon (EAM) can excite a cross-Pacific Rossby wave train, also known as the Asia-North America (ANA) teleconnection. In this study, we analyze the ANA teleconnection in observations and model simulations from the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5 (CAM5), comparing experiments with prescribed climatological SSTs and prescribed observed SSTs. Observations indicate a statistically significant relationship between a strong EAM and increased probability of positive precipitation anomalies over the U.S. west coast and the Plains-Midwest. The ANA teleconnection and CONUS rainfall patterns are improved in the CAM5 experiment with prescribed observed SSTs, suggesting that SST variability is necessary to simulate this teleconnection over CONUS. We find distinct ANA patterns between ENSO phases, with the La Niña-related patterns in CAM5_obsSST disagreeing with observations. Using linear steady-state quasi-geostrophic theory, we conclude that incorrect EAM forcing location greatly contributed to CAM5 biases, and jet stream disparities explained the ENSO-related biases. Finally, we compared EAM forcing experiments with different mean states using a simple dry nonlinear atmospheric general circulation model. Overall, the ANA pattern over CONUS and its modulation by ENSO forcing are well described by dry dynamics on seasonal-to-interannual timescales, including the constructive (destructive) interference between El Niño (La Niña) modulation and the ANA patterns over CONUS.
The Clinical Features and Prognosis of NPM1/FLT3-ITD/DNMT3A Triple-mutated Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Luo Xingchun , Liu Bei , Liang Haiping , Zhao Long , Guo Yuancheng , Feng Yue , Zhu Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies have shown that patients with NPM1+/FLT3-ITD+ acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have a poor prognosis, especially those with a high FLT3-ITD allelic ratio. However, no studies have confirmed a clear prognostic impact of DNMT3A on NPM1+/FLT3-ITD+ AML patients. Methods: Our study included a total of 165 patients with newly diagnosed non-acute promyelocytic leukaemia (non-APL) AML at The First Hospital of Lanzhou University between January 2018 and June 2021. Further bioinformatics analysis was performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results: We retrospectively studied 165 patients newly diagnosed non-APL AML and identified 11 (6.7%) patients with NPM1/FLT3-ITD/DNMT3A triple mutations. The patients with triple-mutated AML had advanced age, higher white blood cell (WBC) counts, de novo AML, normal karyotypes, and poor survival, and all were in the M4/M5 French-American-British (FAB) category. Notably, half of the patients with triple-mutated AML had mature monocyte characteristics that were difficult to distinguish from chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). We validated the prognosis of patients with triple-mutated AML by further bioinformatics analysis and found that the GNG4 gene, one of the hub genes, was related to triple-mutated AML patients' survival. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that DNMT3A gene mutation has adverse prognostic significance in NPM1+FLT3-ITD+comutation AML patients.
Identification of the Transcription Factors of CD200R1 and Its Potential Roles in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lin Suzhen , Shen Ruinan , Pan Hong , He Lu , Fang Fang , Su Yimei , Zhu Xue , Wang Xinrui , Zhou Yifan , Sun Xiaoyu , Qian Yuqin , Wang Ying , Xu Wei , Wu Yiwen , Ding Jianqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNeuroinflammation is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Abnormal activation of microglia plays a key role in this pathological process. CD200R1 is a membrane glycoprotein primarily expressed in microglia in central nervous system responsible for transducing signaling maintaining microglia in stationary status. Our previous studies have demonstrated the dysregulation of CD200R1 and its involvement in PD pathogenesis. The binding of transcription factors with promoter regions is the basic and essential step for the regulation of gene expression. However, little is known about the human CD200R1 promoter region and the mechanism of the dysregulated expression of CD200R1 in PD. MethodsLuciferase reporter system was initially employed to identify the core region of CD200R1 promoter and figure out its potential transcription factors. Subsequently, we investigated the interaction adopting electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The regulatory function of the detected transcription factors were further proved through its down-regulation and overexpression. We then collected the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both PD patients and their healthy counterparts with matched age and sex to evaluate whether consistent results existed under clinical setting. Ultimately, the mouse model was established through knocking-out the identified transcription factor and its role in neuroinflammation and pathogenesis of PD was explored. ResultsWe defined that the core promoter region of CD200R was located within -482 to -146 bp upstream of the translation initiation site (TIS). In addition, we demonstrated that NFKB1 directly bound to the CD200R1 core promoter region and regulated its transcriptional activity. Besides, the expression of NFKB1 and CD200R1 was significantly correlated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and knocking down NFKB1 significantly reduced CD200R1 expression. Moreover, both NFKB1 and CD200R1 were significantly downregulated in samples from PD patients. Furthermore, NFKB1-/- mice exhibited exacerbated microglia activation and dopaminergic neuron loss after MPTP treatment. Conclusion﻿Our study provided novel understanding of the transcriptional regulation of CD200R1 and its role in microglia homeostasis in the pathogenesis of PD.
A Qualitative Exploration of Prisoners’ Strategies for Coping with Food Insecurity in Prisons in Kinshasa, DRC
Authors: Badila Danny Mvula Muanga , Mapumulo Sphindile Nonhle , Horwood Christiane , John Vaughn Mitchell , Mapatano Mala Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Contravention of prisoners’ basic human rights, over-crowding, poor living conditions, food insecurity, disease and lack of access to medical care in prisons constitute a serious public health concern in many low-income countries in Africa, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to explore prisoners’ experiences of food insecurity and strategies prisoners employ to overcome food insecurity in two prisons in Kinshasa, DRC.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted among 31 prisoners, both men and women. In-depth interviews were conducted in N’dolo and Makala prisons by two researchers in the local language (Lingala). For security reasons of prisoners interviews were not audio recorded, however, interviewers took thorough notes during interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze dataResults: Prisoners in both prisons described experiences of food insecurity. Food was normally served once a day, late in the afternoon. Prisoners complained about a monotonous diet, and that the food was of poor quality, inadequate quantity, and was unhygienically prepared. Most prisoners relied on outside support from family and friends for food provision, but those who did not have such support endured hunger and severe food insecurity. Prisoners employed different coping strategies to manage their hunger, which strategies they described for less severe, severe and very severe food insecurity depending on what they had to do to survive. Strategies included prisoners sharing food with each other, drinking water throughout the day, selling their belongings to buy food, begging food from visitors, looking for food in rubbish bins, or exchanging sex for food.Conclusion: Urgent attention is needed to improve nutrition and living conditions in Congolese prisons. All stakeholders need to formulate a comprehensive plan that will address issues faced by prisoners and improve their quality of life. Regular inspection of prisons is essential to ensure prisoners are treated fairly and their human rights are respected.
Covering Rough Set Based Incremental Feature Selection for Mixed Decision System
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Chen Degang , Zhang Xiao , Ji Zhenyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Covering rough sets conceptualize different types of features with their respective generated coverings. By integrating these coverings into a single covering, covering rough set based feature selection finds valuable features from a mixed decision system with symbolic, real-valued, missing-valued, and set-valued features. Existing approaches to covering rough set based feature selection, however, are intractable to handle large mixed data. Therefore, an efficient strategy of incremental feature selection is proposed by presenting a mixed data set in sample subsets one after another. Once a new sample subset comes in, the relative discernible relation of each feature is updated to disclose incremental feature selection scheme that decides the strategies of increasing informative features and removing redundant features. The incremental scheme is applied to establish two incremental feature selection algorithms from large or dynamic mixed datasets. The first algorithm updates the feature subset upon the sequent arrival of sample subsets, and returns the reduct when no further sample subsets are obtained. The second one merely updates the relative discernible relations, and finds the reduct when no subsets are obtained. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the two proposed incremental algorithms, especially the second one speeds up covering rough set based feature selection without sacrificing too much classification performance.
The Global Burden of Sexually Transmitted Infections Estimated from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Chen Dongyu , Wang Hongxin , Fan Wenlong , Liu Xinhua , Lin Yonghuang , He Yuqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background:To explore the burden of sexually transmitted infections at national, regional, and global levels from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study database. Methods: The number of cases and age-standardized rate of prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years were used for a descriptive study of sexually transmitted infections burden from 1990 to 2019, and secular trends were assessed by counting the estimated annual percentage change. Finding:The global prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in 2019 was 128.82 million. There were 58.15% new cases than in 1990. The disability-adjusted life year burden of sexually transmitted infections was lower among males than females and peaks among under 5 and 15- to 44-year-olds. In 2019, the global disability-adjusted life year loss was mostly attributed to years of life lost (88.23%), the higher the social development index developed, the more the number of years lived with disability contributed. In 21 regions, the age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life year (per 100, 000 population) showed that the Caribbean remained on top. At a national level, a decreasing trend of the estimated annual percentage change of disability-adjusted life year rate had been observed. Syphilis was proved as a leading cause of heavy disease burden, which carried almost 85.9% of it. The age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life year were in positive correlation with the human development index in 2019 and had a negative correlation with the estimated annual percentage change in 1990. Conclusion: A declining trend of sexually transmitted infections was observed globally; prevention of syphilis remained a crucial strategy in the course of reducing sexually transmitted infections burden. The findings from this research can help to establish appropriate health policy and reduce the disease burden further.