bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating Metal–Organic Frameworks as Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Zhaoqiang , Gao Rui , Feng Ming , Deng Ya‐Ping , Xiao Dengji , Zheng Yun , Zhao Zhao , Luo Dan , Liu Youlin , Zhang Zhen , Wang Dandan , Li Qian , Li Haibo , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOxygen‐related electrocatalysis, including those used for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), play a central role in green‐energy related technologies. Rational fabrication of effective oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial for the development of oxygen related energy devices, such as fuel cells and rechargeable metal–air batteries. Recently, owing to their tunable compositions and microstructures, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based materials have drawn extensive attention as nonprecious oxygen electrocatalysts. Various strategies have been developed to fabricate MOF‐based electrocatalysts and regulate their active sites, such as heterometal doping, defect engineering, morphology tuning, heterostructure construction, and hybridization. In this review, by focusing on various modulation strategies aiming at active sites, the recent advances of MOF‐based electrocatalysts are summarized. The synthetic methods used to synthesize various MOF‐based oxygen electrocatalysts are discussed, followed by the underlying engineering mechanisms required to allow performance enhancement, and finally some existing challenges that hinder for their practical applications are discussed alongside a perspective on their possible future.
Phase‐Separated Mo–Ni Alloy for Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Reactions with High Activity and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Song Jidong , Jin Yan Qi , Zhang Lei , Dong Pengyu , Li Jiawang , Xie Fangyan , Zhang Hao , Chen Jian , Jin Yanshuo , Meng Hui , Sun Xueliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells and alkaline water electrolysis requires nonprecious metal catalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, it is reported a phase‐separated Mo–Ni alloy (PS‐MoNi) that is composed of Mo metal and embedded Ni metal nanoparticles. The PS‐MoNi shows excellent hydrogen electrode activity with a high exchange current density (−4.883 mA cm−2), which is comparable to the reported highest value for non‐noble catalysts. Moreover, the amorphous phase‐separated Mo–Ni alloy has better structural and electrochemical stability than the intermetallic compound Mo–Ni alloy (IC‐MoNi). The breakdown potential of PS‐MoNi is as high as 0.32 V, which is much higher than that of reported IC‐MoNi. The X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the electrons transfer from Mo to Ni for PS‐MoNi, leading to suitable adsorption free energies of H* (ΔGH*) on the surface of Mo. This means that the electron density modulation of Mo metal by embedded Ni metal nanoparticles can produce excellent HOR and HER performance.
A Stable CaV4O9 Anode Promises Near‐Zero Volume Change and High‐Capacity Lithium Storage
Authors: Wu Peijie , Xu Xiaoming , Wu Yi , Xu Feng , Wang Xuanpeng , Meng Jiashen , Han Chunhua , Liu Xiong , Zhu Zhe , Mai Liqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEven though lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have seen extensive applications during the past 20 years, the anode materials which have realized commercialization are mainly restricted to graphite and Li4Ti5O12. However, because of the limited capacity of these two intercalation‐type anodes, they cannot meet the higher requirements in energy density of some applications. Very few types of high‐capacity anode materials have been successfully commercialized, mainly due to the inevitable large volume change during lithium insertion/extraction. Herein, a promising anode material, CaV4O9, which shows both high gravimetric capacity of more than 600 mAh g–1 with a safe average discharge potential of about 0.8 V, and near‐zero volume change character like Li4Ti5O12, is identified. The specific lithium storage mechanism and the origin of near‐zero volume change character are revealed. Considering the superior performance endowed by these unique intrinsic properties, CaV4O9 shows great potential for commercialized anode material and may promote innovation in LIBs.
Comprehensive Understanding of Sodium‐Ion Capacitors: Definition, Mechanisms, Configurations, Materials, Key Technologies, and Future Developments
Authors: Cai Peng , Zou Kangyu , Deng Xinglan , Wang Baowei , Zheng Min , Li Longhao , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the past 10 years, preeminent achievements and outstanding progress have been achieved on sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs). Early work on SICs focussed more on the electrochemical performance. While it is easy to confirm which specific electrodes exhibit excellent properties, it is difficult to understand the mechanisms which are most promising for the next generation of SICs. From the early research in supercapacitors iterations to the present well‐developed Na‐ion batteries, the evolution of the controversial pseudocapacitive mechanism for SICs has been full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. Moreover, as the research has progressed and the interests have changed, different emphases on the different subdisciplines (cell configurations, flexible devices, and presodiation technologies) have increased. In this review, first, the electric double layer mechanism, battery‐type mechanism, and the controversial pseudocapacitance mechanism are systematically analyzed and compared. Subsequently, mechanism‐oriented SICs cell configurations with different cathode and anode mechanisms are discussed. Moreover, the characteristics and features of electrode materials in different SICs cell configurations are summarized. Finally, key technologies and possible future developments are discussed. This review summarizes SICs from a broad and macro perspective from mechanisms to cell configurations, from cathodes to anodes, and from history to future, and offers a deep understanding of SICs devices.
The Effects of Chromophore Halogenation on the Stability of UV‐Absorbing Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Tianran , Burlingame Quinn C. , Sorli Jeni C. , Ball Melissa L. , Cheng Guangming , Yao Nan , Loo Yueh‐Lin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransparent photovoltaics that harvest ultraviolet photons are promising point‐of‐use power sources for lower power applications, such as electrochromic windows that regulate the flow of visible and infrared photons for lighting and temperature regulation. Organic photovoltaic cells employing contorted hexabenzocoronene (cHBC) and its derivatives as chromophores have shown promise for transparent solar cells due to their high open‐circuit voltages, large‐area scalability, and high photoactive layer transparency. Here, the operational stability of such devices is investigated and it is found that the solar cell active layers that include peripherally halogenated chromophores undergo rapid morphological degradation during operation, while control cells employing cHBC and other non‐halogenated derivatives as donors with archetype C70 as an acceptor are highly stable. This study suggests halogenation of chromophores can play an outsized role in determining the operational stability of devices comprising them, which should be considered during the molecular design process.
Electronically Modified Atomic Sites Within a Multicomponent Co/Cu Composite for Efficient Oxygen Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Qingran , Kumar Priyank , Zhu Xiaofeng , Daiyan Rahman , Bedford Nicholas M. , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Han Zhaojun , Zhang Tierui , Amal Rose , Lu Xunyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRational design of cost‐effective and active electrocatalysts is an essential step toward the large‐scale realization of hydrogen fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Its success requires a drastic improvement in the kinetics of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a novel ORR catalyst formed by encapsulating thin Cu layer decorated Co nanoparticles inside graphitic carbon layers that are embedded with abundant CoNx and CuNx atomic sites (denoted as SA‐CoCu@Cu/CoNP), is reported. The multicomponent SA‐CoCu@Cu/CoNP composite exhibits a remarkable ORR catalytic activity, exceptional stability, and excellent methanol tolerance in alkaline media, outperforming the commercial platinum carbon under identical testing conditions and also being active in acidic media. The excellent ORR catalytic performance is ascribed to the modified electronic structure of the CoNx active sites due to an electron donating effect from the embedded nanoparticles and the nearby CuNx species, as revealed by X‐ray spectroscopic results and density functional theory computations. Moreover, the effective role of CuNx sites in suppressing the peroxide formation during ORR is also identified, endowing the resultant catalyst a prolonged stability and enhanced efficiency that are beneficial for practical applications.
Understanding the phenotypic spectrum of ASXL‐related disease: Ten cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Cuddapah Vishnu Anand , Dubbs Holly A. , Adang Laura , Kugler Steven L. , McCormick Elizabeth M. , Zolkipli‐Cunningham Zarazuela , Ortiz‐González Xilma R. , McCormack Shana , Zackai Elaine , Licht Daniel J. , Falk Marni J. , Marsh Eric D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, pathogenic variants in all members of the ASXL family of genes, ASXL1, ASXL2, and ASXL3, have been found to lead to clinically distinct but overlapping syndromes. Bohring–Opitz syndrome (BOPS) was first described as a clinical syndrome and later found to be associated with pathogenic variants in ASXL1. This syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, microcephaly, characteristic facies, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties. Subsequently, pathogenic variants in ASXL2 were found to lead to Shashi–Pena syndrome (SHAPNS) and in ASXL3 to lead to Bainbridge–Ropers syndrome (BRPS). While SHAPNS and BRPS share many core features with BOPS, there also seem to be emerging clear differences. Here, we present five cases of BOPS, one case of SHAPNS, and four cases of BRPS. By adding our cohort to the limited number of previously published patients, we review the overlapping features of ASXL‐related diseases that bind them together, while focusing on the characteristics that make each neurodevelopmental syndrome unique. This will assist in diagnosis of these overlapping conditions and allow clinicians to more comprehensively counsel affected families.
Starke Lewis‐ und Brønsted‐saure Zentren im Borosulfat Mg3[H2O→B(SO4)3]2
Authors: Netzsch Philip , Stroh Regina , Pielnhofer Florian , Krossing Ingo , Höppe Henning A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBorosulfate zeigen neben faszinierenden Strukturen Eigenschaften, die über eine reine Analogie zu Silikaten hinausgehen. Mg3[H2O→B(SO4)3]2 ist das erste Borosulfat mit einem Boratom, das ausschließlich von drei Tetraedern koordiniert wird. So bildet das freie Lewis‐saure Zentrum ein Lewis‐Säure‐Base‐Addukt mit einem Wassermolekül – beispiellos für die Borosulfat‐Chemie und sogar für Borate. Quantenchemische Berechnungen zu Wasseraustauschreaktionen mit BF3 und B(C6F5)3 ergaben eine höhere Lewis‐Azidität für das Borosulfat‐Anion. Außerdem zeigten Protonenaustauschreaktionen eine höhere Brønsted‐Azidität des Borosulfats als vergleichbare Silikate oder Phosphate. Zusätzlich wurde Mg3[H2O→B(SO4)3]2 durch Röntgenbeugung, Infrarotspektroskopie, thermogravimetrische Analyse und Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT)‐Rechnungen charakterisiert.
Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self‐Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J‐Aggregate Nanosheets
Authors: Shen Chia‐An , Bialas David , Hecht Markus , Stepanenko Vladimir , Sugiyasu Kazunori , Würthner Frank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA bis(squaraine) dye equipped with alkyl and oligoethyleneglycol chains was synthesized by connecting two dicyanomethylene substituted squaraine dyes with a phenylene spacer unit. The aggregation behavior of this bis(squaraine) was investigated in non‐polar toluene/tetrachloroethane (98:2) solvent mixture, which revealed competing cooperative self‐assembly pathways into two supramolecular polymorphs with entirely different packing structures and UV/Vis/NIR absorption properties. The self‐assembly pathway can be controlled by the cooling rate from a heated solution of the monomers. For both polymorphs, quasi‐equilibrium conditions between monomers and the respective aggregates can be established to derive thermodynamic parameters and insights into the self‐assembly mechanisms. AFM measurements revealed a nanosheet structure with a height of 2 nm for the thermodynamically more stable polymorph and a tubular nanorod structure with a helical pitch of 13 nm and a diameter of 5 nm for the kinetically favored polymorph. Together with wide angle X‐ray scattering measurements, packing models were derived: the thermodynamic polymorph consists of brick‐work type nanosheets that exhibit red‐shifted absorption bands as typical for J‐aggregates, while the nanorod polymorph consists of eight supramolecular polymer strands of the bis(squaraine) intertwined to form a chimney‐type tubular structure. The absorption of this aggregate covers a large spectral range from 550 to 875 nm, which cannot be rationalized by the conventional exciton theory. By applying the Essential States Model and considering intermolecular charge transfer, the aggregate spectrum was adequately reproduced, revealing that the broad absorption spectrum is due to pronounced donor‐acceptor overlap within the bis(squaraine) nanorods. The latter is also responsible for the pronounced bathochromic shift observed for the nanosheet structure as a result of the slip‐stacked arranged squaraine chromophores.
Examining the contribution of factors affecting the electrical behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene nanoplatelets composites
Authors: Luo Xiaoling , Schubert Dirk W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) conductive composite films with different morphologies were fabricated from the same constituent materials using four fabrication techniques, solution casting (SC), SC followed by hot pressing (SCP), melt mixing followed by SC (MSC), and melt mixing followed by hot pressing (MP). Morphologies of dispersed GNPs and electrical properties in both in‐plane and perpendicular direction were investigated and compared systematically. The corresponding percolation thresholds (Φc) of the composites varied from 0.42 ± 0.13 vol% to 3.26 ± 0.48 vol%. The conductivities varied up to two orders of magnitude and decreased in the sequence of SC > MSC > SCP > MP. These variations were explained in terms of GNPs size, GNPs orientation, distribution and dispersion state of fillers. The contribution of the above factors in each procedure were discerned individually, the results were discussed and compared with other experimental studies and simulations as well.
Phenylalanine‐Tethered pH‐Responsive Poly(2‐Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)
Authors: Choudhury Neha , Das Somnath , Samadder Satyajit , De Priyadarsi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA series of pH‐responsive random copolymers comprised of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and tert‐butyl carbamate (Boc)‐protected phenylalanine methacryloyloxyethyl ester (Boc‐Phe‐EMA) were synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at 70 °C. The synthesized copolymers were comprehensively characterized using a combination of techniques, including 1H NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Reactivity of each monomers towards controlled radical polymerization was evaluated by determining the reactivity ratios by virtue of extended Kelen‐Tüdös method at high conversions revealed the higher reactivity of non‐modified HEMA (rHEMA=1.03) in contrast to Boc‐Phe‐EMA (rBoc‐Phe‐EMA=0.48). Furthermore, the expulsion of the Boc‐groups resulted copolymers with ionizable pendant primary ammonium and hydroxyl groups. To understand the glass transition behaviours of homo‐ and co‐polymers, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements were carried out. The effect of HEMA content on the pH‐sensitivity of the copolymers in aqueous medium was investigated through turbidity measurements. Finally, the counteranion exchange from trifluoroacetate to chloride provided copolymers with enhanced water solubility and unaltered phase transition pH.
Applying a logic of appropriateness to understand behavioral differences between common resource dilemmas and public good dilemmas
Authors: Molenmaker Welmer E. , Lelieveld Gert‐Jan , De Kwaadsteniet Erik W. , Van Dijk Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommon resource dilemmas (CRDs) and public good dilemmas (PGDs) are distinct types of social dilemmas, yet they model the same underlying conflict between the collective interest and one's self‐interest. Here, we study and interpret behavioral differences between these two main types of social dilemmas by applying a logic of appropriateness. In two experiments, we argue and demonstrate that CRDs, relative to PGDs, evoke higher levels of cooperation, because taking from collective property (in CRDs) is generally considered less appropriate than not giving from personal property (in PGDs). Importantly, these differential considerations of appropriateness are reflected not only in the willingness to cooperate but also in the willingness to punish and reward others' (non)cooperative behavior. Taken together, the findings reveal that CRDs and PGDs elicit different norms of appropriateness.
Gefaltet und vorgespannt – Das Tragwerk des Stade de la Tuilière in Lausanne
Authors: Bassetti Andrea , Kunze Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIm Norden von Lausanne, der „Hauptstadt des Sports“, entsteht ein neues ökologisches Viertel mit großzügigen Sportinfrastrukturen. Ein Fußballstadion mit 12 000 Sitzplätzen bildet das zentrale Element der Anlage. Aus einem internationalen Wettbewerb ging der Entwurf der Architektengemeinschaft :mlzd und Sollberger Bögli Architekten sowie Dr. Lüchinger+Meyer Bauingenieure als Siegerprojekt hervor, im Herbst 2020 wurde die neue Sportstätte in Betrieb genommen. Der kompakte Stadionentwurf mit den vier aufgefalteten Ecken als unverwechselbare Erkennungszeichen zielt auf Klarheit und Einfachheit ab. Entsprechend ist die vorgeschlagene Tragstruktur konstruiert, die einen hohen Vorfabrikationsgrad aufweist und sowohl in der Herstellung als auch im Unterhalt sehr wirtschaftlich ist. Eine schalenartige Tribünenstruktur in Massivbauweise und eine leichte Dachkonstruktion bilden die wesentlichen Bestandteile des Stadiontragwerks. Als Fassade für die Haupttribüne des neuen Stade de la Tuilière wurde eine funktionale gläserne Gebäudehülle konzipiert.
Biofabrication of a three dimensional human‐based personalized neurofibroma model
Authors: Roy Vincent , Lamontagne Rémy , Talagas Matthieu , Touzel‐Deschênes Lydia , Khuong Hélène T. , Saikali Stéphan , Dupré Nicolas , Gros‐Louis François 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeurofibromas are the most characteristic feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a multisystemic disorder caused by aberrations in the neurofibromin gene (NF1). Despite significant progress over the last several years in understanding this disease, a suitable in vitro model to better mimic neurofibroma formation and growth has yet to be described. There is therefore a need to establish an in vitro, three dimensional model that allows the incorporation of multicellular lineages and the modulation of the cellular microenvironment—known to be important for cellular crosstalk and distribution of soluble factors—to study neurofibroma biology and morphogenesis. A self‐assembly approach was used to generate tissue‐engineered skins (TES) in which patient‐derived spheroids made of NF1‐associated Schwann cells and fibroblasts were seeded. We describe the first in vitro three dimensional neurofibroma model—directly derived from NF1 patients presenting with histopathological features—having an ECM protein expression profile quite similar to that of a native tumor. We observed efficient incorporation, proliferation, and migration of spheroids within NF1‐TES over time. This biotechnological approach could provide a unique tool for precision medicine targeting NF1 and for assessing the tumorigenic properties of each NF1 gene mutation linked to tumor formation.
Design and implementation of active learning strategies to enhance student understanding of foundational concepts in biochemistry
Authors: Kopecki‐Fjetland Mary A. , Steffenson Matthew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor many students biochemistry is a demanding course because they are expected to apply previously learned foundational concepts to new biological contexts. These foundational concepts serve as a scaffold onto which to build threshold concepts such as the physical basis of interactions. Unfortunately, many students possess misconceptions or gaps in knowledge of these foundational concepts which hinder their understanding of new information. This paper describes the implementation of an iterative process to improve student foundational concept learning in an introductory biochemistry course. The process includes pre‐assessment of foundational concept knowledge, introduction of interventions targeting low performing concepts and re‐assessment of student learning gains. Diverse active learning strategies such as problem‐based worksheets, tactile learning activities, review activities and learning cycle activities were introduced to target concepts including hydrogen bonding, pH/pKa, bond energy and chemical equilibrium. While all active learning strategies resulted in improved posttest scores compared to pretest scores, no one strategy appears to be more beneficial than another. Survey results suggest students recognized the value of utilizing the various active learning strategies in the classroom to enhance critical thinking skills, engagement during class time, and collaboration skills. The process allows instructors the breadth and flexibility to introduce diverse active learning strategies tailored to their specific student needs in an effort to improve student foundational concept learning.
Disentangling economic crisis effects from environmental regulation effects: Implications for sustainable development
Authors: Lazzini Simone , Occhipinti Zeila , Parenti Angela , Verona Roberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith climate change becoming more severe, policy makers must impose environmental regulations that will lead firms to adopt sustainable corporate models. According to the Porter hypothesis, environmental regulation can favour the implementation of business strategies that improve economic and environmental performances. In this study, we examine how one such form of regulation, the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), impacts firm performance, and we subsequently widen the examination beyond the regulation to evaluate an economic crisis which could potentially confound regulation effects. We estimate a panel model with time‐ and firm‐fixed effects for different subsamples that disentangle the effect of the EU ETS policy from the 2008 economic crisis. The results indicate that the EU ETS policy in its third phase can activate the Porter hypothesis and is effective in fuelling the implementation of sustainable corporate models by firms. However, we also find that the economic crisis neutralises the effects of the regulation on firm performance, precluding the triggering of the Porter hypothesis in severely affected firms.