bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle emission levels in the user operating environment of powder, ink and filament-based 3D printers
Authors: Ding Shirun , Ng Bing Feng 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine on-site particle concentration levels due to emissions from a wide spectrum of additive manufacturing techniques, including polymer-based material extrusion, metal and polymer-based powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition and ink-based material jetting.

Design/methodology/approach
Particle concentrations in the operating environments of users were measured using a combination of particle sizers including the TSI 3910 Nano SMPS (10–420 nm) and the TSI 3330 optical particle sizer (0.3–10 µm). Also, fumes from a MEX printer during printing were directly captured using laser imaging method.

Findings
The number and mass concentration of submicron particles emitted from a desktop open-type MEX printer for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polyvinyl alcohol approached and significantly exceeded the nanoparticle reference limits, respectively. Through laser imaging, fumes were observed to originate from the printer nozzle and from newly deposited layers of the desktop MEX printer. On the other hand, caution should be taken in the pre-processing of metal and polymer powder. Specifically, one to ten micrometers of particles were observed during the sieving, loading and cleaning of powder, with transient mass concentrations ranging between 150 and 9,000 µg/m3 that significantly exceeded the threshold level suggested for indoor air quality.

Originality/value
Preliminary investigation into possible exposures to particle emissions from different 3D printing processes was done, which is useful for the sustainable development of the 3D printing industry. In addition, automatic processes that enable “closed powder cycle” or “powder free handling” should be adopted to prevent users from unnecessary particle exposure.
Purpose before profit: unleashing individual and collective “human magic”
Authors: Joly Hubert 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The former CEO of Best Buy believes that companies need to move past the quest to drive the behavior of a collective workforce, and instead seek to inspire people by connecting with what matters to each one of them. Unleashing human magic, enabling them to make full use of their talents toward a common purpose, means creating an environment in which individuals flourish.

Design/methodology/approach
The author explains why clearly articulating and feeding the connection between personal and company purpose for every team member is one of the most crucial roles of any leader, from top executives to store managers.

Findings
The author’s turnaround achievement at Best Buy taught him that when people are doing what matters to them and what they believe in, they will walk through walls, pouring their energy, creativity and emotion into their job.

Practical implications
A sense of endless possibilities–both for oneself and for the business in pursuit of a noble purpose–fuel inner drive, positive energy and the desire to bring one’s best self to the table.

Originality/value
The author’s potent advice to leaders: The need for emotional intelligence, speed and flexibility means that employee autonomy–letting them carry their own weight–has become essential to success. Autonomy leads us to think creatively, which breeds innovation. 10;
The double-edged sword effect of psychological safety climate: a theoretical framework
Authors: Zhang Yejun , Wan Min (Maggie) 
Published: June 2021

PurposePsychological safety climate has been commonly conceptualized as a facilitative team property. Despite the literature review and meta-analysis conducted recently, little is known about the potential dark side of psychological safety climate. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework to advance our understanding of both the bright and dark sides of psychological safety.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on extant theories and previous literature, the authors propose a conceptual framework of the mechanisms and boundary conditions underlying the relationship between psychological safety climate and dysfunctional team behavior.FindingsThe authors propose that the relationship between psychological safety climate and dysfunctional behaviors in the team is directly contingent on psychological safety climate strength, and indirectly contingent on task interdependence, group faultlines, group conflict asymmetry and team power distance differentiation.Originality/valueFirst, the authors attempt to expand psychological safety climate literature by considering its potential damaging outcomes. Second, they contribute to the theory of psychological safety climate by suggesting a theoretical model consisting of the boundary conditions wherein psychological safety climate could reduce team effectiveness. Finally, the authors incorporate climate strength into the psychological safety literature to probe the antecedents of psychological safety climate strength and when it matters to the subsequent negative outcomes.
Influence of thermal and pH cycles on surface characteristics lithium disilicate glass-ceramic dental crowns milled with CAD/CAM process
Authors: Singh Yajvinder , Gulati Vishal 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe paper aims to evaluate the influence of thermo-chemical cycles of oral fluids on the surface attributes (roughness and microhardness) of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDC) crown restorations manufactured with CAD/CAM technology.Design/methodology/approachThere have been 24 LDC crowns manufactured using the CAD/CAM process for their respective preparation dies ply methyl methacrylate (PMMA) of mandibular left second premolar tooth (n= 8 each group). The standard procedure was used to glaze 16 crown samples (Groups 2 and 3).Samples of Group 3 were aged with thermal (563°C and 5563°C) and pH (2–14) cycles. All 24 samples were tested with a Profilometer and a Vicker hardness tester was used for their surface roughness and hardness measurement, respectively.FindingsIn statistical examination on SPSS Statistics 20 (IBM) software, of surface roughness values (Ra) and Vicker hardness values from different groups, Tukey HSD test was executed in one-way ANOVA (a= 0.05). The means Ra for groups were accordingly Group 3 > Group1 > Group 2 (p< 0.001). Similarly, micro-hardness was in order of Group 2 > Group 1 > Group 3 (p< 0.001).Research limitations/implicationsThe research work does not have any limitations.Originality/valueSurrounding temperature and pH significantly impact the surface characteristics of lithium disilicate crown restoration. The study also reveals the inverse relationship between surface roughness and surface hardness parameters. The observed results and facts revealed well in agreement with the past research studies.
Genetic diversity of the endangered Japanese golden eagle at neutral and functional loci
Authors: Naito‐Liederbach Annegret M. , Sato Yu , Nakajima Nobuyoshi , Maeda Taku , Inoue Takehiko , Yamazaki Toru , Ogden Rob , Inoue‐Murayama Miho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Japanese golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos japonica) is an endangered subspecies with declining reproductive success. Previous research on this subspecies reported genetic diversity in northern Japan and in captivity using neutral genetic markers, but the situation in other areas of Japan and diversity at functional genetic loci are understudied. Here, we increased wild samples from western Japan and captive samples from zoos and analyzed genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA, nuclear microsatellite loci, and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) DRB exon 2 region. In addition, wild Scottish samples were analyzed and literature from European subspecies and other raptor species was surveyed to compare with the Japanese golden eagle. Overall, levels of mtDNA haplotype and microsatellite diversity observed in western Japan were similar to previously studied northern regions. However, microsatellite allelic diversity was lower compared to other golden eagle subspecies. MHC diversity indices, especially in captive Japanese golden eagles, were also low relative to raptors classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. This pattern could be explained by the loss of rare alleles due to genetic drift—a consequence of a declining population—suggesting the possibility of an early population bottleneck. Moreover, genetic structure analyses suggested that the Japanese population likely consists of one gene pool, so the bottleneck may affect the entire population. From these results, we suggest maintaining gene flow between local populations to prevent inbreeding and further loss of alleles, increasing the number of breeding pairs in captivity, and releasing captive individuals to reinforce the wild population.
An umbrella review of effect size, bias, and power across meta‐analyses in emergency medicine
Authors: Parish Austin J. , Yuan Denley M. K. , Raggi Jason R. , Omotoso Oluyemi O. , West Jason R. , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to conduct an umbrella review of therapeutic studies relevant to emergency medicine, analyzing patterns in effect size, power, and signals of potential bias across an entire field of clinical research.MethodsWe combined topic‐ and journal‐driven searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for published articles of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (SRMA) relevant to emergency medicine (last search in November 2020). Data were screened and extracted by six investigators. Redundant meta‐analyses were removed. Whenever possible for each comparison we extracted one meta‐analysis on mortality with the most events and one meta‐analysis on a nonmortality outcome with the most studies. From each meta‐analysis we extracted all individual study effects; outcomes were converted to odds ratios (ORs) and placed on a common scale where an OR < 1.0 represents a reduction in a harmful outcome with an experimental treatment versus control. Outcomes were analyzed at the level of individual studies and at the level of summary effects across meta‐analyses.ResultsA total of 332 articles contained 431 eligible meta‐analyses with a total of 3,129 individual study outcomes; of these, 2,593 (83%) were from randomized controlled trials. The median OR across all studies was 0.70. Within each meta‐analysis, the earliest study effect on average demonstrated larger benefit compared to the overall summary effect. Only 57 of 431 meta‐analyses (13%) both favored the experimental intervention and did not show any signal of small study effects or excess significance, and of those only 12 had at least one study with 80% or higher power to detect an OR of 0.70. Of these, no interventions significantly decreased mortality in well‐powered trials. Although the power of studies increased somewhat over time, the majority of studies were underpowered.ConclusionsFew interventions studied within SRMAs relevant to emergency medicine seem to have strong and unbiased evidence for improving outcomes. The field would benefit from more optimally powered trials.
Acceptability and uptake of HIV self‐testing in emergency care settings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aluisio Adam R. , Lim Rachel K. , Tang Oliver Y. , Sugut Janet , Kinuthia John , Bosire Rose , Guthrie Kate M. , Katz David A. , Farquhar Carey , Mello Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmergency departments (ED) interface with large numbers of patients that are often missed by conventional HIV testing approaches. ED‐based HIV self‐testing (HIVST) is an innovative engagement approach which has potential for testing gains among populations that have failed to be reached. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated acceptability and uptake of HIVST, as compared to standard provider‐delivered testing approaches, among patients seeking care in ED settings.MethodsSix electronic databases were systematically searched (Dates: January 1990–May 2021). Reports with data on HIVST acceptability and/or testing uptake in ED settings were included. Two reviewers identified eligible records (κ= 0.84); quality was assessed using formalized criteria. Acceptability and testing uptake metrics were summarized, and pooled estimates were calculated using random‐effects models with assessments of heterogeneity.ResultsOf 5773 records identified, seven met inclusion criteria. The cumulative sample was 1942 subjects, drawn from three randomized control trials (RCTs) and four cross‐sectional studies. Four reports assessed HIVST acceptability. Pooled acceptability of self‐testing was 92.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88.0%–97.1%). Data from two RCTs demonstrated that HIVST significantly increased testing uptake as compared to standard programs (risk ratio [RR] = 4.41, 95% CI: 1.95–10.10, I2 = 25.8%). Overall, the quality of evidence was low (42.9%) or very low (42.9%), with one report of moderate quality (14.2%).ConclusionsAvailable data indicate that HIVST may be acceptable and may increase testing among patients seeking emergency care, suggesting that expanding ED‐based HIVST programs could enhance HIV diagnosis. However, given the limitations of the reports, additional research is needed to better inform the evidence base.
Are Accounting Programs Future‐ready? Employability Skills
Authors: Banasik Ewa , Jubb Christine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe first aim of this paper is to ascertain the extent to which Master‐level accounting units across Australian universities incorporate five specific employability skills: digital technology and intellectual, communication, teamwork and leadership and management skills. The accounting profession considers these skills as the skills required of accountants in the foreseeable future. Using the International Education Standards as a benchmark, we review unit outlines and synopses to identify whether these employability skills are reflected in unit learning outcomes and graduate attributes. Our research indicates that too often not evident in the documents examined are exposures to 1) digital technology and accounting software and systems, 2) assessment of oral presentation capability, 3) training that fosters teamwork skills before completion of assessable team tasks and 4) situations that model and develop leadership and management skills. The second aim of this paper is to offer recommendations for the inclusion of these skills into curricula. Based on the literature and best practices identified in this study, we formulate 13 recommendations that we feel, if implemented, would remedy the issues uncovered and improve the integration of these skills into all accounting programs.
Implementing a specialist paediatric clinical pharmacology service in a UK children's hospital
Authors: Hawcutt Daniel B. , Warner Naomi , Kenyon Elaine , Murray Christine , Taylor Julia , Moss James , McWilliam Stephen , Weston Will , Murdock Nicki 
Published: June 2021

AimsRoyal College of Paediatrics and Child Health subspecialist training in Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics has been delivered in the UK for 20 years, but no specialist clinical services have been set up previously.MethodsProspective audit and service evaluation of paediatric clinical pharmacology service pilot phase and dedicated service at a UK children's hospital.ResultsPilot scheme (May–October 2019), then weekly service (established June 2020). Service covers the High Dependency Unit, and inpatients with polypharmacy. The pilot demonstrated high levels of acceptance, with 89% of suggested medication changes agreed by lead clinical team, and success, with 97.5% of suggested changes continued until discharge/pilot completion. Economic analysis estimated direct annualised cost savings on medications of up to £10 000. After 20 ward rounds of the established service, 270 potential medication changes were identified, 213 were carried out (78.9%). The most common were deprescribing (n = 143), prescribing (n = 47) and dose adjustment (n = 8). Seventy‐five different medications were deprescribed, most commonly chloral hydrate (n = 12), Lactulose, ibuprofen, Bio‐Kult and sodium alginate (all n = 4). The percentage of inpatients prescribed ≥10 medications decreased from 38.5 to 32.1%, while the subset prescribed ≥20 medications decreased from 11.0 to 5.67%. The mean number of medicines prescribed decreased from 9.0 to 8.0, while the median was unchanged at 7. Annual Yellow Card reports of suspected adverse drug reactions more than doubled (n = 66).ConclusionA UK model for subspecialist paediatric clinical pharmacology service delivery has demonstrated a positive clinical impact and could be replicated at other UK secondary/tertiary children's hospitals.
Cesarean birth, obstetric emergencies, and adverse neonatal outcomes in Iceland during a period of increasing labor induction
Authors: Gunnarsdóttir Jóhanna , Swift Emma M. , Jakobsdóttir Jóhanna , Smárason Alexander , Thorkelsson Thordur , Einarsdóttir Kristjana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of labor induction has risen steeply throughout the world. This project aimed to estimate changes in the rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in Iceland between 1997 and 2018, and to assess whether the changes can be explained by an increased rate of labor induction.MethodsSingleton live births, occurring between 1997 and 2018, that did not start by prelabor cesarean, were identified from the Icelandic Medical Birth Register (n = 85 971). Rates of intrapartum cesarean birth (CB), obstetric emergencies, and neonatal outcomes were calculated, and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with log‐binomial regression (reference: 1997‐2001). Adjustments were made for: (a) maternal characteristics, and (b) labor induction and gestational age.ResultsThe rate of labor induction increased from 13.6% in the period 1997‐2001 to 28.1% in the period 2014‐2018. The rate of intrapartum CB decreased between the periods of 1997‐2001 and 2014‐2018 for both primiparous (aRR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.84) and multiparous women (aRR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.63). The rate of obstetric emergencies and adverse neonatal outcomes also decreased between these time periods. Adjusting for labor induction did not attenuate these associations.ConclusionsThe rates of adverse maternal outcomes and adverse neonatal outcomes decreased over the study period. However, there was no evidence that this decrease could be explained by the increased rate of labor induction.
Association of frailty with clinical outcomes in myelofibrosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bankar Aniket , Alibhai Shabbir , Smith Elliot , Yang Dongyang , Malik Sarah , Cheung Verna , Siddiq Nancy , Claudio Jaime , Arruda Andrea , Tsui Hubert , Capo‐Chichi Jose‐Mario , Kennedy James A. , McNamara Caroline , Sibai Hassan , Maze Dawn , Xu Wei , Gupta Vikas 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThere is limited understanding of the impact of frailty on clinical outcomes in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). In this retrospective cohort study on 439 chronic phase MF patients [mean age: 68·7 ± 12 years; median follow‐up: 3·4 years (IQR 0·4–8·6)] from 2004 till 2018, we used a 35‐variable frailty index (FI) to categorise patient’s frailty status as fit (FI < 0·2, reference), prefrail (FI 0·2–0·29) or frail (FI ≥ 0·3). The association of frailty with overall survival (OS) and cumulative JAK inhibitor (JAKi) therapy failure was measured using hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI). In multivariable analysis, prefrail (HR 1·7, 1·1–2·5) and frail patients (HR 2·9, 1·6–5·5), those with higher DIPSS score (HR 2·5, 1·6–3·9) and transfusion dependency (HR 1·9, 1·3–2·9) had shorter OS. In a subset analysis of patients on JAKi treatment (n = 222), frail patients (HR 2·5, 1·1–5·7), patients with higher DIPSS score (HR 1·7, 1·0–3·1) and transfusion dependence (HR 1·7, 1·1–2·7) had higher cumulative incidence of JAKi failure. Age, comorbidities, ECOG performance status, and MPN driver mutations did not impact outcomes. Thus, higher frailty scores are associated with worse OS and increased JAKi failure in MF, and is a superior indicator of fitness in comparison to age, comorbidities, and performance status.
Integration of genetic structure into conservation of an endangered, endemic lizard, Ceratophora aspera: A case study from Sri Lanka
Authors: Wikramanayake Shanelle A. , Wikramanayake Eric D. , Pallewatta Nirmalie , Leaché Adam D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot within the Indo‐Malayan Biogeographic region. The lowland and montane rainforest ecoregions contain high proportions of endemic species whose populations are experiencing increasing levels of isolation and fragmentation due to habitat destruction. One of these threatened species, the rough‐nosed horned lizard (Ceratophora aspera), is distributed across the lowland rainforests of Southwestern Sri Lanka, making it a well‐suited species to understand the consequences of rainforest fragmentation on population genetic structure. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to characterize genetic diversity and population structure of C. aspera across the Southwestern rainforests of Sri Lanka. Population structure and phylogenetic analyses supported the separation of populations into four forest groups that show a pattern of isolation by distance. We propose recommendations for the conservation of C. aspera that consider genetic variation, biogeographic history, and natural history. This project underscores the necessity of using holistic approaches to make well‐informed decisions for conservation of forest specialist species, especially during forest landscape restoration.
Outcomes of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid testing positive donors in aviremic recipients with delayed direct‐acting antiviral initiation
Authors: Hudson Madeline R. , Webb Allyssa R. , Logan Angela Tong , Silverman Andrew , Brueckner Andrew J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of allografts from hepatitis C virus (HCV) Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)+ donors into HCV NAT‐ recipients has been reported to be efficacious in a handful of studies. However, these studies have not reflected real‐world practice where the initiation of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) is dependent on insurance coverage. A single‐center, retrospective chart review of HCV NAT‐ recipients who underwent solid organ transplantation (SOT) from a HCV NAT+ donor between April 1, 2019 and May 27, 2020 was conducted. Sixty‐one HCV NAT‐ patients underwent SOT with a HCV NAT+ organ, with 59 transplant recipients included for evaluation: 22 kidney (KT), 18 liver (LiT), 10 heart (HT), nine lung (LuT). HCV transmission occurred in 100% of recipients. Average time to DAA initiation was POD 46.3 ± 25 days. SVR12 was achieved in 98% (56/57; two patients ineligible for analysis). Treatment failure occurred in one LuT on glecaprevir/pibrentasvir with P32del and Q80K mutations. No patients developed fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Two patients died, secondary to anastomotic complication (LuT) and pulmonary embolism (HT). Clinically significant rejection was diagnosed and treated in two HT (one patient with ACR2 and one with ACR2/pAMR2) and one LiT (RAI 5/9). Six patients (10.2%) had documented adverse effects attributed to DAA therapy, primarily gastrointestinal.