bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drying Effects on Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Ginger Powder Undergoing Different Drying Techniques
Authors: Sarkar A. , Rashid M. , Musarrat M. , Billah M. 
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was focused on drying techniques including oven, mechanical, sun and shade drying on changes in phytochemicals and scavenging antioxidant capacity of ginger powder. The dry ginger had highest phenolics content (487.87±2.63 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (322.63±3.74 mg RE/g) on weight basis. The highest DPPH antioxidant scavenging capacity in (78.13±1.02%) and highest FRAP assay in (38.64±0.76 mmol Fe(II)/mg). Oven drying technique had a positive effect on retaining flavonoids content. Shade drying technique had a positive effect on retaining phenolics content, ascorbic acid and DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity assay. On the other hand, sun drying technique had a positive effect on retaining FRAP antioxidant assay. The changes in antioxidant scavenging activity due to the drying techniques were positively correlated with phytochemicals content.
Drying techniques caused a significant change in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in dry ginger. However, it can be recommended that special technique should be taken for processing that phytochemicals and antioxidant scavenging capacity remain in processed ginger powder.
A Systematized Review of Nurses’ Perceptions of Medication Errors Contributing Factors in Developing Countries
Authors: Sahli Abaid Mutlaq H. Al , Osman Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim , Alshammer Abdulrahman Ibrahim M. , Hakami Mohammed Nasser S. , Hazazi Ismail Ahmed , Alqasem Mr. Sami Dhayaa , ALthiyabi Fahad Sulaiman B. , Alharbi Fahad Nazal , Haloosh Turky Ali 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Nurses are a main factor in maintaining the safety of a patient. Nurses are the main component and are indeed at the front of dispensing medicines to patients; they also have a responsibility to maintain the patient’s safety.
Objective: This systematized review intends to review studies that assess and explore nurses’ attitudes and perceptions of medication errors in developing countries within the Middle East region, thereby contributing to knowledge regarding medication error risk.
Methodology: a database search has been conducted for studies related to the research question that has been formulated using PEO framework, the database includes: MEDLINE and CINAHL EBSCO and OVID, NICE, Science Direct and ERIC. The reference lists and bibliographies were also analyzed, all the studies founded during the search process were assessed according to predefine inclusion and exclusion criteria. 10 studies (6 quantitative studies, 3 qualitative and 1 which used mixed methods) were chosen and were included in this review.
Result: The studies assessed in this review were noted to have moderate to strong quality. The review found a range of factors that contribute to medication error, including both human and environmental factors. Among the contributing factors that most frequently mentioned inthis review were insufficient pharmacological knowledge, fatigue and overwork, communication breakdown, inadequate staff training, and high patient-to-nurse ratio.
Conclusion and Recommendation: It would behave Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries to invest attention in this topic. Particularly advised would be additional theoretically focused research to determine the causes of medication errors.
Natal Tooth in a 28 Weeks Premature Infant: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Javaregowda Parvathy Beena 
Published: February 2021

The term natal tooth describes the tooth present at the time of birth. This is a rare case report of 31 weeks old premature infant with natal tooth. There is very little literature reporting about the natal or neonatal teeth in premature infants and its management.
Through this article we wish to bring awareness about the presence of natal tooth and its complications in premature infants and why it needs immediate attention and prompt treatment.
Superconducting Properties of Bi2-xPb0.3WxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+ï¤ Compounds
Authors: Tuama Mohammed J. , Abbas Lamia K. 
Published: February 2021

The conventional solid-state reaction method was utilized to prepare a series of superconducting samples of the nominal composition Bi2-xPb0.3WxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+d with 0â‰¤xâ‰¤0.5 of 50 nm particle size of tungsten sintered at 8500C for 140h in air . The influence of substitution with W NPs at bismuth (Bi) sites was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dc electrical resistivity. Room temperature X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that there exists two phases, i.e. Bi-(2223) and Bi-(2212), in addition to the impurity phases of (SrCa) 2Cu2O3, Sr2Ca2Cu7OÎ´, Ca2PbO4, CaO, and WO. It was found that the crystallographic structure of all samples was orthorhombic. Lattice parameter values and the volume fraction of the (2223)-phase of the prepared samples were also calculated. The superconductivity transition temperature (Tc) for samples subjected to substitution with W NPs was found to be higher than that for the pure sample. The optimal value of W NPs content in (Bi, Pb)-2223 system was found to be at x=0.3.
Statistical Fluctuations of Energy Spectra in the Isobar A = 68 Nuclei
Authors: Hamoudi Adel. K. , Abd Alabas Hayder A. 
Published: February 2021

Statistical fluctuations of nuclear energy spectra for the isobar A = 68 were examined by means of the random matrix theory together with the nuclear shell model. The isobar A = 68 nuclei are suggested to consist of an inert core of 56Ni with 12 nucleons in f5p-space (2p3/2, 1f5/2 and 2p1/2 orbitals). The nuclear excitation energies, required by this work, were obtained through performing f5p-shell model calculations using the isospin formalism f5pvh interaction with realistic single particle energies. All calculations of the present study were conducted using the OXBASH code. The calculated level densities were found to have a Gaussian shape. The distributions of level spacing P(s) and statistic for the considered classes of states, obtained with full Hamiltonian of f5pvh (absence of the off-diagonal Hamiltonian) calculations, showed a chaotic (regular) behavior and coincided well with the distribution of Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (Poisson). Moreover, these distributions were independent of spin (J) and isospin (T)
Numerical Analysis of SnO2/Zn2SnO4/n-CdS/p-CdTe Solar Cell Using the SCAPS-1D Simulation Software
Authors: Rassol Raad A. , Hasan Rasha F. , Ahmed Sameer M. 
Published: February 2021

This research includes the use of CdTe in the design of a solar cell. The SCAPS-1D computer program was used to simulate thin cell capacity of CdTe/CdS by numerical analysis with the addition of a buffer layer (Zn2SnO4) to enhance cell efficiency. The thickness of the window layer (n-CdS) was reduced to 25nm with the inclusion of an insulating layer of 50 nm thickness to prevent leakage towards the forward bias with respect to the lower charge carriers. As for the absorber layer thickness (p-CdTe), it varied between 0.5Âµm and 6Âµm. The preferable thickness in the absorbent layer was 1.5Âµm. Different operating temperatures (298K-388K) were used, while the highest conversion efficiency (Î·=18.43%) was obtained with the rest of the solar cell parameters (Voc=0.967 V, Jsc= 26.66 mA/cm2, FF=71.40%).
Analysis of the Petroleum System of Dima Oil Field by Using PetroMoD 1D
Authors: Al-Tarim Haider A. F. 
Published: February 2021

The study of petroleum systems by using the PetroMoD 1D software is one of the most prominent ways to reduce risks in the exploration of oil and gas by ensuring the existence of hydrocarbons before drilling.
The petroleum system model was designed for Dima-1 well by inserting several parameters into the software, which included the stratigraphic succession of the formations penetrating the well, the depths of the upper parts of these formations, and the thickness of each formation. In addition, other related parameters were investigated, such as lithology, geological age, periods of sedimentation, periods of erosion or non-deposition, nature of units (source or reservoir rocks), total organic carbon (TOC), hydrogen index (HI) ratio of source rock units, temperature of both surface and formations as they are available, and well-bottom temperature.
Through analyzing the models by the evaluation of the source rock units, the petrophysical properties of reservoir rock units, and thermal gradation with the depth during the geological time, it became possible to clarify the elements and processes of the petroleum system of the field of Dima. It could be stated that Nahr Umr, Zubair, and Sulaiy formations represent the petroleum system elements of Dima-1 well.
Limnological Features of the Southern Part of Gharaf River and the Impacts of Floodplain Period on its Characteristics
Authors: Khalaf Zahraa N. , Nashaat Muhanned R. , AL-Sariy Jameel S. 
Published: February 2021

The current study was conducted on the southern part of Gharaf River in order to define the physical-chemical properties and the impact of the Tigris Riverâ€™s floodplain water on its ecological characteristics during 2019. Four sites were selected along the southern part of the river. The findings showed a strong connection between the temperature of air and water at all sites. A value ranging from 4.85 - 84.65 NTU was reported for turbidity. The water was found to be oligohaline, low alkaline, and well ventilated due to high dissolved oxygen concentrations. Gharaf River is considered to be of questionable clean water, according to the results of BOD5. The total alkalinity values were recorded to be in the range of 92-292.8 mg /L, which are higher than the acceptable limits of 20-200 mg /L CaCO3 for the Iraqi and international water standards. It was also found that Gharaf River water was very hard, but still within the allowable natural water limits (200 mg /L Ca and 150 mg /L Mg). Concentrations of sulphate ranged 50-200 mg / L, while levels of bicarbonate ranged 140-230 mg /L. On the other hand, ranges of 3354-855 mg / L and 3-85 mg / L, respectively, were recorded for TDS and TSS. In addition, nitrates values were found to be in the range of 0.04-5.14 mg / L, being below the permissible limits for Iraqi water (15 mg / L). Other values observed for phosphates were 0.004-0.085 mg / L. Overall, the results demonstrated different effects on the properties of Gharaf River water during and after the floodplain period.
Classification of elements of linguocultural information in the polycode text of printed advertising based on the material of Russian and Chinese languages
Authors: Zou Huajing , Novospasskaya Natalia  Viktorovna 
Published: February 2021

The subject of the study of this article is a polycode text, considered from the point of view of value in intercultural communication. The research material was a block of social and commercial advertisements (40 units in Russian and 40 units in Chinese), in which linguistic and cultural information can be both the subject of advertising and the background for the advertised product, service or idea. In the course of the research, the method of comparative analysis of the verbal component of two languages, the method of comparing the content and execution of the elements of the iconic level and also the method of semantic analysis of the verbal component of the polycode text of printed advertising were used. В The novelty of the research lies in the established fact of the impact on the reader of a polycode advertising text, which forms an idea of national values containing physical-geographical, figurative, cultural-historical material and spiritual aspects. In accordance with the results of the study, conclusions were drawn that the polycode text of printed advertising is an effective means of broadcasting and obtaining information about the cultural specifics of a nation, an effective tool that reflects the state of another culture through the use of semantic and linguistic means. The elements of linguistic and cultural information considered in the article are presented as accessible as possible in a combination of visual and textual means.
Influence of desynchronized circadian rhythm on working memory, concentration and divided attention on pink collar shift workers of a tertiary care hospital: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Rao Sakshi , Anand Nirmala Subhash 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to find the influence of desynchronized circadian rhythm on working memory, concentration, and divided attention among pink collar shift workers of KLE Hospital as offering 24-h emergency health-care services and hospital care for critical patients by working in shifts can lead to circadian misalignment which can further impair alertness and deteriorate the performance, increase the medical errors and can negatively impact shift workers' health and quality of patient care.

Materials and Methods:
Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF) was performed to assess working memory by visual-spatial constructional ability and visual memory. Symbol digit modality test (SDMT) was conducted to assess concentration ability by divided attention, visual scanning, tracking, and motor speed. Following which, a recall test was conducted without any prior warning. Statistical analysis was performed by mean ± SD, unpaired t-test and P-value.

Results:
Shift workers’ and controls’ scores expressed as (mean score ± SD), respectively, were in ROCF copy test (33.52 ± 3.45) and (35.04 ± 3.45), in ROCF recall test (19.68 ± 3.71) and (26.6 ± 2.37), and SDMT correct scores were (49.16 ± 2.34) and (58.6 ± 4.11), SDMT error scores were (1.4 ± 2.32) and (1 ± 1.24), while SDMT total score was (50.56 ± 3.32) and (59.6 ± 5.65).

Conclusion:
Results obtained showed that the mean score for copy test in shift workers was comparatively low but not significant, while in recall test, it was significantly lower indicating lower accuracy to perform a task. Furthermore, their working memory was significantly affected. In the SDMT, the mean correct score was lower, the error score was slightly higher and the total score was significantly lower in shift workers, indicating lower accuracy to perform tasks involving concentration and attention, lower concentration and a significantly lesser speed while performing tasks.
Effect of acute bout of moderate exercise on P300 component of event-related potential in young women during different phases of menstrual cycle: A pilot study
Authors: Challawar Rutuja , Menon Aparna , Kar Manisha , Mahapatra Sushil Chandra 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Ovarian hormones not only regulate reproductive functions but also are implicated in emotional and cognitive processing. But, menstrual cycle studies do not provide convincing evidences. However, evidence supports a link between estrogen depletion and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Physical exercise has shown to improve a person’s attentiveness and cognitive skills. Since both exercise and ovarian hormones may affect cognition, the present study intends to determine the effect of acute bout of moderate exercise on cognitive processing in young women in early proliferative phase and mid-luteal phase.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted on young, normally menstruating women of 18-35 years (n = 20). Each participant attended two laboratory sessions, early follicular phase (initial 3 days post-menstruation) and mid luteal phase (days 21-24). The participants filled up Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and their basal central, brachial blood pressures and P300 Event Related Potential (ERP) were recorded. Then, the subjects performed step test till they achieved 60-80% of their maximum heart rate. Afterwards, their central and brachial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. The participants then filled up Borg perceived exertion scale questionnaire. Post exercise P300 ERP was recorded after 15 min of exercise.

Results:
Significant changes in all cardiovascular parameters in post-exercise session were observed in both phases of menstrual cycle. The amplitude and latencies of P300 ERP showed no significant difference at resting state (pre-exercise) during both phases. P300 ERP latency showed significant decrease in post-exercise session when recorded at Cz (P = 0.024, P = 0.05) and Pz position (P = 0.03, P = 0.003) in both phases except in Fz position. But there was no significant change in amplitude. MANCOVA analysis revealed that only amplitude of P300 ERP (P = 0.023) in post-exercise session during mid-luteal phase was affected by basal activity level significantly.

Conclusion:
The present study documented that an acute bout of moderate exercise caused significant decrease in latency of P300 ERP in the participants during both phases of menstrual cycle. Therefore, it can be stated that even acute bout of moderate exercise significantly enhances attention allocation, working memory in the participants; thereby it enhances cognitive functioning of the individual.
Sobre José Martí y su viva lección
Authors: Alvarado Sánchez José 
Published: February 2021

Colocados en medio del tiempo en que las palabras más puras no lo son sino resonando con los ecos profundos de la acción, los americanos evocamos ahora de diferente manera a los que rearon entre nosotros un poco de belleza, o a los que suscitaron un poco de emoción. Frente a sus figuras augutas, siempre tendremos que preguntarnos qué hicieron, además, de su vida. Y aquí tenemos una bella respuesta. Tenemos a José Martí.
Penerapan Kegiatan Bercerita Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Kecamatan Curug Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Latifah Adnun Shaffati , Fitria Evy 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan kegiatan bercerita dalam pembentukkan karakter anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Al-Hidayah Kecamatan Curug, Kabupaten Tangerang. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriftif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan oleh peneliti tentang penerapan kegiatan bercerita dalam pembentukan karakter anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Al-Hidayah Kecamatan Curug, Kabupaten Tangerang, setelah melakukan pengamatan dan penelitian tersebut dengan ini peneliti dapat menarik sebuah kesimpulan, bahwa nilai karakter memang sangatlah penting untuk membentuk kepribadian yang baik berbudi luhur dalam diri anak.Dampak yang dirasakan akan mempengaruhi setiap perilaku anak sehari-hari dalam perkembangannya menuju kedewasaan, jika seorang anak mendapatkan pendidikan karakter yang cukup dari guru maupun orang tua, maka anak akan tumbuh menjadi generasi penerus bangsa, pembangun muda dan pribadi yang mulia.Selain itu karakter anak dikembangkan mulai dari pengembangan potensi anak terlebih dahulu, kemudian perbaikan dan penyempurnaan kedepannya seiring dengan proses penyaringan budaya yang sesuai dan cocok dengan karakter dalam diri anak.
Penerapan Reinforcement Dalam Mendisiplinkan Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Islam Kinasih Kecamatan Pinang Tangerang
Authors: Masruroh Siti , Dewi Nurul Fitria Kumala 
Published: February 2021

Penanaman karakter seperti kedisiplinan diusia prasekolah sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Penanaman karakter disiplin dilakukan melalui pembiasaan sitiap hari selama proses belajar meengajar mencakup ketrampilan hidup, sosial, control diri, patuh pada peraturan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menamkan karakter disiplin pada anak usia dini kususnya anak usia 5-6 tahun melalui penerapan reinforcement selama belajar mengajar di TK Islam Kinasih. Data yang terkumpul melalui metode oservasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan analisis diskriminatif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian bahwa di TK Islam Kinasih telah menerapakan reinforcement dengan adil dan seimbang, telah menggunakan ketrampilan reinforcement dengan bervariasi, menggunakan prinsip-prinsip reinforcement kesabaran, bermakna kehangatan, waktu pemberian reinforcement dengan fleksibel dan menggunakan teknik reinforcement positif, modelling dan token conemy. Hasil analisis data penelitian adalah penerapan reinforcement dapat diterapkan oleh berbagai pihak untuk diterapkan di sokalah oleh guru maupun orang tua di rumah. Jenis kedisiplinan yang diterapkan yaitu di siplin demokratis dan memotivasi anak melalui penerapan reinforcement.
Penerapan Kegiatan Sentra Seni pada Pembelajaran di PAUD
Authors: Fitria Evy , Rachmi Titi , Widiasih Angger Prima 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari rasa ingin tahu peneliti terhadap sekolah-sekolah yang telah melaksanakan pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis sentra, dimana anak-anak belajar melalui bermain disentra yang sudah di sediakan oleh sekolah, salah satunya yaitu sentra Seni. Peneliti ingin melihat bagaimana penerapan Sentra Seni dan melihat aspek perkembangan apa yang muncul saat anak melakukan Kegiatan di Sentra Seni. Tempat Penelitian ini adalah di RA Al-Muhajirin Kec.Tangerang, Kota Tangerang Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Kualitatif deskriptif dengan Data yang diambil melalui pengamatan/ observasi dan wawancara kepada sumber di lapangan. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi dengan berbagai sumber dan metode yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kegiatan Sentra Seni dilakukan melalui 4 Tahapan Pijakan, yaitu Pijakan Penataan Lingkungan Main, Pijakan Sebelum Bermain dan Pijakan Sesudah Bermain. Kegiatan main di Sentra Seni terlihat menggunakan Projek kerja Kelompok namun juga terkadang menggunakan projek kerja mandiri. Saat anak-anak Melakukan Kegiatan di Sentra Seni Terlihat Aspek perkembangan yang Dominan muncul adalah:bahasa anak,Kognitif, seni, Sosial emosional anak serta Kemandirian anak
Upaya Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Melalui Metode Bermain Kreatif di TK Islam Al-Husna Jatiuwung Kecamatan Cibodas Kota Tangerang
Authors: Barkah Rizka Yuliatul , Dewi Nurul Fitria Kumala 
Published: February 2021

Kreativitas anak di TK Islam Al-husna masih rendah, pengamatan awal menunjukkan hanya 5 siswa yang memiliki kemampuan kreativitas dengan baik dari 15 siswa yang di amati. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas anak, dan secara khusus untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kreativitas anak melalui kegiatan bermain kreatif (Jejak). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan kelas B TK Islam Al-husna Jatiuwung Kecamatan Cibodas Kota Tangerang. Subyek penelitian 15 siswa yang terdiri dari 6 siswa laki-laki dan 9 siswa perempuan. Penelitian dilakukan selama 3 siklus. Teknik analisa data dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil pada pra siklus : kreativitas 2 siswa masuk dalam ketegori berkembang sangat baik, 5 siswa masuk kategori berkembang sesuai harapan, 4 siswa masuk kategori mulai berkembang, dan 4 siswa masuk kategori belum berkembang. Siklus I kreativitas anak menunjukkan 1 siswa kategori berkembang sangat baik, 2 siswa ketegori berkembang sesuai harapan, 8 siswa kategori mulai berkembang, dan 4 siswa kategori belum berkembang. Siklus II kreativitas 6 siswa mulai masuk kategori berkembang sangat baik, 3 siswa ketegori berkembang sesuai harapan, 5 siswa kategori mulai berkembang, dan 1 siswa kategori belum berkembang. Siklus III kreativitas 7 siswa masuk dalam kategori berkembang sangat baik, 7 siswa masuk dalam kategori berkembang sesuai harapan dan 1 siswa mulai berkembang. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data dan pembahasan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan atau penggunaan kegiatan bermain kreatif mencari jejak dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak.