bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Du Wenzhen , Zong Qida , Guo Ranran , Ling Guixia , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydrogel is a kind of 3D polymer network with strong swelling ability in water and appropriate mechanical and biological properties, which make it feasible to maintain bioactive substances and has promising applications in the fields of biomaterials, soft machines, and artificial tissues. Unfortunately, traditional hydrogels prepared by chemical crosslinking have poor mechanical properties and limited functions, which limit their further application. In recent years, with the continuous development of nanoparticle research, more and more studies have combined nanoparticles with hydrogels to make up for the shortcomings of traditional hydrogels. In this article, the types and functions of hydrogels and nanomaterials are introduced first, as well as the functions and applications of injectable nanocomposite hydrogels (INHs), then the latest progress of INHs for cancer treatment is reviewed, some existing problems are summarized, and the application prospect of NHs is prospected.
Effects of surface nanocrystallization on the oxide film formed on 316LN stainless steel in a high‐temperature aqueous environment
Authors: Chen Xudong , Dai Xin , Qian Hongchang , Yang Bin , Zhao Jiqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA newly developed technology, rotationally accelerated shot peening (RASP), was used to produce the nanocrystals on the surface of 316LN stainless steel. The effect of surface nanocrystallization on the oxide film properties of the steel in a high temperature and high‐pressure aqueous environment was studied. It was found that the outer layer of the oxide film consisted of NiFe2O4 with a loose spinel structure. The inner layer distributed tiny Cr2O3 particles compactly. The oxide films that grew on the RASP‐treated 316LN showed thicker and denser with higher corrosion resistance than on the as‐received steel. The nanostructures produced by RASP enhanced the formation of the superior oxide film. However, the deformation defects caused by RASP were harmful to the corrosion resistance. The results in this paper provide an easy way to enhance the corrosion resistance of the steel served in a high‐temperature aqueous environment.
Bio‐Sourced Poly l‐Lactide‐Flax Composites with Close to Maximum Stiffness at Low Fiber Content through Two‐Stage Annealing
Authors: Nutenki Rajendar , Van Velthem Pascal , Kuete Martial , Lezaak Matthieu , Destoop Vincent , Ballout Wael , Pardoen Thomas , Bailly Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoly l‐Lactide (PLLA) composites with short flax fibers (from 0 to 10 wt/wt%) with close to maximum theoretical stiffness are prepared by melt‐compounding and injection‐molding followed by a two‐step isothermal crystallization protocol that fully separates the nucleation and growth stages (Tammann). The use of fast chip scanning calorimetry for thermal characterization avoids the complicating issues of crystal reorganization during the cooling and heating steps between the isothermal stages. Flax fibers are very efficient and selective nucleating agents of PLLA favoring the ordered α form. The resulting morphology exhibits trans‐crystallization on the fibers surface, predominantly at fiber defects, with a clear reduction of crystal size and a very strong fiber matrix cohesion. Efficient nucleation further leads to a large reduction of the overall crystallization time. Avrami analysis evidences a reduction of crystal growth dimensionality, consistent with both optical and scanning electron microscopy. The high modulus of the composites is unambiguously related to the strong orientation of the fibers in the tensile direction, to their high aspect ratio and to the excellent matrix‐fibers cohesion. On the other hand, the tensile strength and hardness appear isotropic within experimental uncertainty and are unfavorably influenced by the presence of the fibers and by the two‐stage annealing.
Nutritional markers for predicting lower extremity free tissue transfer outcomes in the chronic wound population
Authors: Kim Kevin G. , Mishu Mark , Zolper Elizabeth G. , Bhardwaj Priya , Rogers Ashley , Dekker Paige K. , Fan Kenneth L. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOptimizing nutritional status is critical to maximize flap success and healing. Prealbumin and albumin have been utilized as easily obtained proxies for overall nutritional status. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these markers are correlated with healing time and overall flap healing after lower extremity (LE) free tissue transfer (FTT) in the chronic wound population.MethodsA retrospective review of LE chronic wound FTT patients treated by a single surgeon at our institution from 2011 to 2020 was performed. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, flap characteristics, and perioperative labs. The outcomes of interest were flap healing (FH) and time to flap healing (TFH).ResultsWe identified 69 patients undergoing LE FTT for limb salvage meeting our inclusion criteria. When using a threshold of <3.5 g/dl for low albumin and < 20 mg/dl for low prealbumin, no significance was found between FH or TFH and preoperative albumin or preoperative prealbumin. With low albumin defined as <2.7 g/dl with the prealbumin threshold unchanged, TFH was significantly increased, and FH was significantly decreased compared with the defined normal preoperative albumin group.ConclusionsLow preoperative albumin, when defined as <3.5 g/dl, and prealbumin did not correlate with TFH or FH. Contrarily, when defined as <2.7 g/dl, low preoperative albumin correlated significantly with increased TFH and decreased FH rates. Further investigation into validated biomarkers and their thresholds is needed to assess the effect of nutritional status on wound healing and guide perioperative optimization.
Magnetic susceptibility and R2* of myocardial reperfusion injury at 3T and 7T
Authors: Moon Brianna F. , Iyer Srikant Kamesh , Josselyn Nicholas J. , Hwuang Eileen , Swago Sophia , Keeney Samuel J. , Castillero Estibaliz , Ferrari Giovanni , Pilla James J. , Gorman Joseph H. , Gorman Robert C. , Tschabrunn Cory M. , Shou Haochang , Matthai William , Wehrli Felix W. , Ferrari Victor A. , Han Yuchi , Litt Harold , Witschey Walter R. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeMagnetic susceptibility (Δχ) alterations have shown association with myocardial infarction (MI) iron deposition, yet there remains limited understanding of the relationship between relaxation rates and susceptibility or the effect of magnetic field strength. Hence, Δχ and in MI were compared at 3T and 7T.MethodsSubacute MI was induced by coronary artery ligation in male Yorkshire swine. 3D multiecho gradient echo imaging was performed at 1‐week postinfarction at 3T and 7T. Quantitative susceptibility mapping images were reconstructed using a morphology‐enabled dipole inversion. maps and quantitative susceptibility mapping were generated to assess the relationship between , Δχ, and field strength. Infarct histopathology was investigated.ResultsMagnetic susceptibility was not significantly different across field strengths (7T: 126.8 ± 41.7 ppb; 3T: 110.2 ± 21.0 ppb, P = NS), unlike (7T: 247.0 ± 14.8 Hz; 3T: 106.1 ± 6.5 Hz, P < .001). Additionally, infarct Δχ and were significantly higher than remote myocardium. Magnetic susceptibility at 7T versus 3T had a significant association (β = 1.02, R2 = 0.82, P < .001), as did (β = 2.35, R2 = 0.98, P < .001). Infarct pathophysiology and iron deposition were detected through histology and compared with imaging findings.Conclusion showed dependence and Δχ showed independence of field strength. Histology validated the presence of iron and supported imaging findings.
Switching from blonanserin tablets to blonanserin transdermal patches improves tardive dyskinesia: A case report
Authors: Sakai Shintaro , Morimoto Yoshiro , Matsuzaka Yusuke , Nakano Takeshi , Kanegae Shinji , Imamura Akira , Ozawa Hiroki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a common side effect of antipsychotics, and it remains a persistent and challenging problem. The blonanserin transdermal patch, developed in Japan and launched in September 2019, is the first antipsychotic transdermal treatment. Here, we describe a patient with schizophrenia who exhibited markedly improved orofacial dyskinesia after switching from blonanserin tablets to blonanserin transdermal patches. We speculate that the patch formulation might have led to more stable plasma blonanserin levels, thus reducing the side effects. Specifically, the patch formulation might have contributed to stable plasma levels via the continuous and direct absorption of blonanserin through the skin.
Recall of Genomic Testing Results Among Patients with Cancer
Authors: Wing Sam E. , Hu Hengrui , Lopez Lisa , Solomon Ilana , Shen Jenny , Raquel Catherine , Sur Melissa , Chao Joseph , Cristea Mihaela , Fakih Marwan , Mortimer Joanne , Pal Sumanta , Reckamp Karen , Yuan Yuan , Gray Stacy W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Genomic testing of somatic and germline DNA has transformed cancer care. However, low genetic knowledge among patients may compromise care and health outcomes. Given the rise in genomic testing, we sought to understand patients’ knowledge of their genetic test results.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a survey-based study with 85 patients at a comprehensive cancer center. We compared self-reported recall of (a) having had somatic/germline testing and (b) their specific somatic/germline results to the genomic test results documented in the medical record.

Results
Approximately 30% of patients did not recall having had testing. Of those who recalled having testing, 44% of patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline mutations and 57% of patients with reported somatic alterations did not accurately recall their specific gene or variant-level results.

Conclusion
Given significant knowledge gaps in patients’ recall of genomic testing, there is a critical need to improve patient-directed education and return-of-results strategies.
Neural network feature and architecture optimization for injection molding surface defect prediction of model polypropylene
Authors: Román Allen Jonathan , Qin Shiyi , Zavala Victor M. , Osswald Tim A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe industry is heading towards digitalization with production and quality assurance of processes and products. Novel practices such as machine learning or artificial intelligence make it possible for highly complex and nonlinear occurrences to be modeled and predicted with immense accuracy when real experiences are used to train the algorithm. For example, supervised learning in a closed‐loop system allows the user to analyze and predict outcomes and gives it the ability to adapt and add intelligence to the current system. This study focuses on the development of a neural network (NN) for surface defect prediction in injection molding of model polypropylene. Feature optimization allows us to conclude that rheological parameters such as the melt flow index and relaxation time () can improve predictive accuracy. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization is implemented to optimize the NN structure. The optimization approach allowed for a cross‐validation (CV) accuracy of 90.2% ± 4.4% with only five input parameters, while the seven‐input parameter optimized structure arrived at a CV accuracy of 92.4% ± 11.4%. Although the full‐feature structure optimized with Bayesian optimization concluded with slightly higher accuracy, the error range dramatically increased, meaning that this structure tends to overfit.
Pediatric invasive long‐term ventilation—A 10‐year review
Authors: Walsh Aoibhinn , Furlong Mairead , Mc Nally Paul , O'Reilly Ruth , Javadpour Sheila , Cox Desmond W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe number of children with complex physical and developmental pathologies, including chronic respiratory insufficiency, surviving and growing beyond early childhood continues to rise. No study has examined the clinical pathway of children on invasive long‐term mechanical ventilation (LTMV) in an Irish setting. Our data over a 10‐year period were reviewed to see if our demographics and outcomes are in line with global trends.MethodsChildren's Health Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin is Ireland's largest tertiary pediatric hospital. A retrospective review analyzed data from children in our center commenced on LTMV via a tracheostomy over 10 years (2009–2018). This data was subdivided into two epochs for statistical analysis of longitudinal trends.ResultsForty‐six children were commenced on LTMV from 2009 to 2018. Many had complex medical diagnoses with associated comorbidities. Far less children, 30.4% (n = 14) commenced LTMV in the latter half of the 10‐year period, they also fared better in all aspects of their treatment course. Focusing solely on children who have needed LTMV over this timeframe we have been able to isolate trends specific to this cohort. Less patients commenced LTMV on a year‐on‐year basis, and for those that require tracheostomy and LTMV, their journey to decannulation tends to be shorter.ConclusionOver the period reviewed, less patients over time necessitated LTMV, and those patients are being weaned and decannulated with ever more success. This has implications in terms of predicting numbers transitioning to adult services and allocation of hospital and community care resources.
Process Research of Solution‐Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids to Prepare Energetic Material Nano‐Capsules
Authors: Yang Jihua , Cai Xingwang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNano‐capsule energetic materials can improve the mechanical properties, combustion/explosion properties, and component compatibility of solid propellants and reduce their toxicity, water absorption capacity, and sensitivity. The following approaches have been performed to obtain nano‐capsule energetic materials. First, the structure of solution‐enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) core device (nozzle and hanging basket) were modified to improve the atomization performance, eliminate the vortex, and avoid the repeated growth of crystals. The ultrafine RDX particles with average particle size of 705 nm and distribution range of 400–1200 nm were prepared by using the improved devices. Second, the optimal process parameters for the preparation of ultrafine RDX by SEDS were obtained. Reducing the solution concentration or the supercritical CO2 temperature will be beneficial to obtain dry RDX particles with smaller particle sizes. When the solution concentration ratio was 10 g (RDX)/100 mL (DMF), the temperature of supercritical CO2 was 35 °C, and the flow rate ratio of supercritical CO2 to solution was greater than 10 (kg/h): 2 (ml/min), the experiment results were good. Third, to facilitate the detection of shell elements, fluororubber (F26) and RDX were used as raw materials to prepare nano‐capsules. Transmission electron microscopy image showed that the RDX‐F26 particles featured a core‐shell structure with diameters that ranged between 200 nm and 300 nm, spherical shape, and uniform wall thickness. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the core was RDX, the shell was F26, and the thickness of the shell was 14.6 nm. As the capsule wall material, the F26 also inhibited the overgrowth of RDX crystal in the course of crystallization successfully. Sensitivity analysis showed that the RDX‐F26 nano‐capsules had lower impact and friction sensitivities than the refined RDX. These results show that the use of improved SEDS process is suitable for the preparation of energetic material microcapsules.
The selectivity of α‐adrenoceptor agonists for the human α1A, α1B, and α1D‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Proudman Richard G. W. , Baker Jillian G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHighly selective drugs offer a way to minimize side‐effects. For agonist ligands, this could be through highly selective affinity or highly selective efficacy, but this requires careful measurements of intrinsic efficacy. The α1‐adrenoceptors are important clinical targets, and α1‐agonists are used to manage hypotension, sedation, attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD), and nasal decongestion. With 100 years of drug development, there are many structurally different compounds with which to study agonist selectivity. This study examined 62 α‐agonists at the three human α1‐adrenoceptor (α1A, α1B, and α1D) stably expressed in CHO cells. Affinity was measured using whole‐cell3H‐prazosin binding, while functional responses were measured for calcium mobilization, ERK1/2‐phosphorylation, and cAMP accumulation. Efficacy ratios were used to rank compounds in order of intrinsic efficacy. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and phenylephrine were highly efficacious α1‐agonists at all three receptor subtypes. A61603 was the most selective agonist and its very high α1A‐selectivity was due to selective α1A‐affinity (>660‐fold). There was no evidence of Gq‐calcium versus ERK‐phosphorylation biased signaling at the α1A, α1B, or α1D‐adrenoceptors. There was little evidence for α1A calcium versus cAMP biased signaling, although there were suggestions of calcium versus cAMP bias the α1B‐adrenoceptor. Comparisons of the rank order of ligand intrinsic efficacy suggest little evidence for selective intrinsic efficacy between the compounds, with perhaps the exception of dobutamine which may have some α1D‐selective efficacy. There seems plenty of scope to develop affinity selective and intrinsic efficacy selective drugs for the α1‐adrenoceptors in future.
Iterative learning control with discrete‐time nonlinear nonminimum phase models via stable inversion
Authors: Spiegel Isaac A. , Strijbosch Nard , Oomen Tom , Barton Kira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOutput reference tracking can be improved by iteratively learning from past data to inform the design of feedforward control inputs for subsequent tracking attempts. This process is called iterative learning control (ILC). This article develops a method to apply ILC to systems with nonlinear discrete‐time dynamical models with unstable inverses (i.e., discrete‐time nonlinear nonminimum phase models). This class of systems includes piezoactuators, electric power converters, and manipulators with flexible links, which may be found in nanopositioning stages, rolling mills, and robotic arms, respectively. As these devices may be required to execute fine transient reference tracking tasks repetitively in contexts such as manufacturing, they may benefit from ILC. Specifically, this article facilitates ILC of such systems by presenting a new ILC synthesis framework that allows combination of the principles of Newton's root finding algorithm with stable inversion, a technique for generating stable trajectories from unstable models. The new framework, called invert‐linearize ILC (ILILC), is validated in simulation on a cart‐and‐pendulum system with model error, process noise, and measurement noise. Where preexisting Newton‐based ILC diverges, ILILC with stable inversion converges, and does so in less than one third the number of trials necessary for the convergence of a gradient‐descent‐based ILC technique used as a benchmark.
Influence of Wet–Dry Cycling on the Self‐Assembly and Physicochemical Properties of Model Protocellular Membrane Systems
Authors: Sarkar Susovan , Dagar Shikha , Rajamani Sudha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Rajamani group at IISER Pune. The image depicts the self‐assembly and encapsulation of model protocell membranes under prebiotically pertinent wet–dry cycles. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/syst.202100014.
A survey of veterinary professionals in Sweden: Adverse event reporting and access to product safety information
Authors: Mount James , Sjöström Karin , Arthurson Veronica , Kreuger Sanna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPharmacovigilance based on spontaneously reported suspected adverse events (AEs) from veterinary professionals is a powerful tool for detecting potential risks of using medicinal products. However, it is heavily dependent on the voluntary participation of veterinary professionals. Estimates suggest that over 90% of suspected AEs remain unreported. This survey was conducted to accumulate information on current practices and attitudes of Swedish veterinary professionals in relation to AE reporting and their perceptions of the accessibility of updated product safety information.MethodsSwedish veterinary professionals were surveyed using a web‐based questionnaire prepared by the Swedish Medical Products Agency (SMPA). The survey included three sections with 13 questions and was distributed via several communication channels, including the Swedish Veterinary Association.ResultsThe survey was answered by 412 veterinary professionals, including veterinarians and licensed veterinary nurses. The survey identified that most veterinarians comply with national legislation by reporting directly to the SMPA, but not all observed AEs are reported. Veterinary professionals indicated that it is important to have an easy and efficient reporting system, preferably directly from an electronic medical records system. Feedback is considered important. Veterinary nursing staff could potentially improve the reporting rate of suspected AEs in Sweden. The degree of knowledge relating to the reporting of AEs varies among professionals, thus impacting on reporting frequency. A single source of product safety information is mainly used, and improvements are required to enhance accessibility and distribution of updated product safety information.ConclusionsThe insight gained from this survey will be used to influence attitudes and facilitate adaptations needed to fulfil the requirements of the European Union regulations. To reduce underreporting of AEs and facilitate access to updated product safety information, various approaches are required including educational interventions, new digital reporting tools and adaption of communication strategies.