bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between inflammation markers and ketonuria in hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Soysal Cenk , Işıkalan Mehmet Murat , Bıyık İsmail , Erten Özlem , İnce Onur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveHyperemesis gravidarum is an illness that starts in early pregnancy and manifests itself with oral intake problems, electrolyte imbalance, ketonuria, and weight loss. Inflammation is closely associated with the hyperemesis gravidarum, and inflammatory indicators have been studied to understand its pathophysiology. This study investigates the relationship of ketonuria levels with inflammatory markers platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for hyperemesis gravidarum patients.Material and MethodsThis retrospective case control study was conducted at Kütahya Medical Sciences University Tertiary Research and Training Hospital between December 2019 and December 2020. A total of 173 pregnancies, 82 of them with hyperemesis gravidarum and 91 of them low‐risk pregnancies were included in the study. The patients' demographic profiles and laboratory parameters were recorded. The patients were divided into hyperemesis gravidarum and control groups and the groups were compared for the levels of inflammation markers. For the hyperemesis gravidarum group, the relationship between ketonuria levels and the inflammation severity was investigated.ResultsMLR, NLR, PLR levels were higher in the hyperemesis gravidarum group than the control group in a statistically significant way (p < 0.001 for all of the comparisons). The hyperemesis gravidarum group was subdivided into four groups based on their ketonuria levels, and their MLR, NLR, PLR levels were compared. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the indicators increased with the ketonuria levels. Finally, ketonuria levels had a positive and significant correlation with MLR (rho =0.67, p < 0.001), PLR (rho =0.67, p < 0.001), and NLR (rho =0.8, p < 0.001).ConclusionHyperemesis gravidarum patients have higher levels of hematologic inflammation indicators than healthy pregnant patients. For these patients, the levels of the indicators increase with ketonuria levels.
Association of KCTD15 gene with fat deposition in pigs
Authors: Zhang Pan , Fu Yu , Zhang Ran , Shang Peng , Zhang Hao , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKCTD15 is associated with body mass index and fat deposition in humans, mice and chickens. However, the function of KCTD15 in pig fat deposition remains unclear. In this study, we cloned and analysed the cDNA sequence of porcine KCTD15. The full length of the mRNA sequence of KCTD15 is 4,091 bp, encoding 283 amino acids. The protein is hydrophilic, it has a relative molecular mass of about 31.9 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.09 with no signal peptide sequence or transmembrane structure. Expression analysis showed that KCTD15 expression level was significantly higher in the tissues of Large White pigs (LW) than in those of Tibetan pigs (TP) and Diannan Small‐ear pigs (DN) at 6 months of age, whereas its expression level in embryonic tissues of LW at 60 days was lower than that in tissues of TP and Wujin pigs (WJ). In pig primary adipocytes, the expression level of KCTD15 is high in the early stage of differentiation and gradually decreases in later stages. Additionally, the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site T‐2030C (T/C mutation, located 2,030 bp upstream of the start codon) showed a dominant allele T with high promoter activity in the LW population and a dominant allele C in the TP and WJ populations. Our results indicate that KCTD15 is involved in pig fat deposition and that T‐2030C is an important regulatory site for transcriptional activity, affecting fat deposition.
Serum PreS1 and HBsAg ratio reflects liver fibrosis and predicts the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Nishida Yuno , Imamura Michio , Teraoka Yuji , Morio Kei , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Yamauchi Masami , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Abe‐Chayama Hiromi , Hayes C. Nelson , Aikata Hiroshi , Sasaki Noriko , Sekiguchi Tomomi , Kinukawa Hideki , Yoshimura Toru , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile the preS1 region of the large hepatitis B surface protein plays an essential role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the effect of preS1 on liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is not well known. In this study, we measured serum preS1 levels by chemiluminescent immunoassay technology in 690 CHB patients and evaluated the correlation between serum preS1 levels and HBV, liver function markers and liver inflammation, fibrosis assessed by histological findings. Predictive factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients who had no previous history of HCC at the time of preS1 level measurement were also analysed. Median hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and preS1 levels were 3.08 log IU/mL and 98 ng/mL, respectively. PreS1 values were significantly correlated with serum HBsAg (p <0.001), hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) (p <0.001) and HBV DNA levels (p <0.01). PreS1 values were also significantly correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels (p <0.001) and were significantly higher in patients who had higher grading of liver inflammatory activity (p <0.05). HBsAg level was correlated, but preS1/HBsAg ratio reflected liver fibrosis staging more directly than HBsAg alone. Multivariate analysis identified age ≥53 years (hazard ratio [HR], 18.360 for <53 years; p = 0.021) and preS1/HBsAg ratio ≥0.12 (HR, 6.205 for <0.12; p = 0.040) as significant and independent factors for HCC development in CHB patients. The preS1/HBsAg ratio directly reflects liver fibrosis, and the ratio might be a predictive marker for HCC development in CHB patients.
Ongoing production of low‐fitness hybrids limits range overlap between divergent cryptic species
Authors: Mikkelsen Else K. , Irwin Darren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContact zones between recently diverged taxa provide opportunities to examine the causes of reproductive isolation and the processes that determine whether two species can coexist over a broad region. The Pacific wren (Troglodytes pacificus) and winter wren (Troglodytes hiemalis) are two morphologically similar songbirds that started diverging about 4 million years ago, older than most sister species pairs of temperate songbirds. The ranges of these species come into narrow contact in western Canada, where the two species remain distinct. To assess evidence for differentiation, hybridization and introgression in this system, we examined variation in over 250,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers distributed across the genome. The two species formed highly divergent genetic clusters, consistent with long‐term differentiation. In a set of 75 individuals, two first‐generation hybrids (i.e., F1’s) were detected, indicating only moderate levels of assortative mating between these taxa. We found no recent backcrosses or other evidence of recent breeding success of F1’s, indicating very low or zero fitness of F1 hybrids. Examination of genomic variation shows evidence for only a single backcrossing event many generations ago. The moderate rate of hybridization combined with very low F1 hybrid fitness is expected to result in a population sink in the contact zone, largely explaining the narrow overlap of the two species. If such dynamics are common in nature, they could explain the narrow range overlap often observed between pairs of closely related species.
A Multiple Cohort Study of the Gender Gradient of Life Satisfaction during Adolescence: Longitudinal Evidence from Great Britain*
Authors: Chrysanthou Georgios Marios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study is unique in exploiting 12 youth cohorts (aged 11–15) from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) spanning 1996–2017 to investigate the gender gradient of adolescent life satisfaction. We find robust evidence of a cross‐cohort gender gap particularly at the extremes of the adolescent life satisfaction distribution. Male adolescents are significantly more likely to report complete life satisfaction (by around 6%–14%) and females to report dissatisfaction (by around 3%–7%) indicating a higher female depression propensity. An intra‐household gender gap is found for female adolescents raised with opposite sex siblings. Previous period life satisfaction is the strongest determinant of prospective higher self‐reported male satisfaction levels.
Tooth‐borne versus tooth‐bone‐borne rapid maxillary expanders according to a stereophotogrammetric evaluation of facial soft tissues: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Akan Burçin , Gökçe Gökçenur , Şahan A.Oğuz , Veli İlknur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of tooth‐borne and tooth‐bone‐borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on soft tissue with stereophotogrammetry.Setting and sample populationThirty two patients (15 males and 17 females) who met inclusion criteria were divided into two groups. In the first group, tooth‐borne RME appliance (hyrax) was applied to 16 patients (9 males and 7 females mean age 13.4 ± 1.3 years), and in the second group, tooth‐bone‐borne RME appliance (hybrid hyrax) was applied to 16 patients (6 males and 10 females, mean age 13.05 ± 1.24 years).Materials and methodsChanges in soft tissues before RME (T0) and post‐retention (T1) period were evaluated by stereophotogrammetry. Linear and angular measurements were performed. Independent‐ and dependent‐sample t tests were used to compare intra‐ and inter‐group differences at P < .05 significance level.ResultsThe data revealed statistically significant changes in nasal width, mid‐face width, upper lip vermillion length/lower lip vermillion length ratio and upper lip angle in hyrax group. (P < .05) Also nasal width, lower lip length, lower lip vermillion length, anterior face height, lower face height, convexity angle and mandibular angle showed statistically significant changes in hybrid hyrax group. (P < .05) In the inter‐group evaluation, no significant differences were found except upper lip and mandible angle. (P < .05).ConclusionBoth hyrax and hybrid hyrax expanders had effects on soft tissue profile. Anterior face height and lower face height increased in both groups. Upper lip length increased by 0.36 mm in the hybrid group and 0.10 mm in the hyrax group.Trial RegistrationThis trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04828213).
Three‐dimensional echocardiography definitively delineates a malpositioned permanent pacing lead in a patient with chronic chest pain
Authors: Madan Nidhi , Trohman Richard G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInadvertent malpositioning of a cardiac pacing lead into the left heart chambers is a rare complication of transvenous pacing. We report a patient with a history of a transient ischemic attack and chronic chest pain whose left atrial pacing lead location was revealed by transesophageal three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography during evaluation of an inter‐atrial shunt.
State budget balancing strategies: COVID‐19 and the Great Recession
Authors: Rubin Marilyn M. , Willoughby Katherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research compares state budget balancing strategies taken during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Great Recession of 2007–2009. Distinguishing features of the two crises, as well as differences among the states, lead them to engage such strategies in similar and dissimilar ways. Federal aid during both fiscal disasters is also distinctive. During the Great Recession, federal stimulus funds to states supported budget balancing efforts. In contrast, until the COVID‐19 relief bill of March 2021, federal assistance was primarily funneled directly to individuals and businesses and for pandemic‐specific spending. This left states on their own to close budget gaps fueled by COVID‐19.
Cockayne syndrome, MEN1, and genomic variants: Exome sequencing is changing our view of the genetic landscape
Authors: Oska Sandra R. , Tamura Deborah , Blau Jenny E. , Khan Sikandar G. , Kraemer Kenneth H. , DiGiovanna John J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe availability of genomic sequencing for inherited diseases provides a more complete molecular basis for how an individual's genetic landscape influences clinical outcome. We describe a family where exome sequencing of a 3‐year‐old boy with clinical features of Cockayne syndrome (CS) confirmed the diagnosis of CS. He also had a mutation consistent with a pre‐symptomatic second disease, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), each potentially affecting multiple organ systems, in addition to a poorly defined variant in fumarate hydratase (FH). Genomic sequencing may reveal coexisting pathogenic mutations and variants which complicate clinical interpretation.
The Discovery, Development and Demonstration of Three Caged Compounds†
Authors: Steinmetz Mark G. , Givens Richard S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn overview of the history, mechanistic aspects and applications is provided for p‐hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) and benzoin photoremovable protecting groups, which release biologically important leaving groups upon photolysis with UV light. Also discussed is (7‐diethylaminocoumarin‐4‐yl)methyl (DEACM), a photoremovable protecting group that absorbs visible light. These are followed by the α‐keto amides and naphtho‐ and benzothiophene‐2‐carboxanilides as caging groups, which eliminate leaving groups via photochemically produced zwitterionic intermediates. Also covered are amino‐1,4‐benzoquinones, which upon exposure to green and red wavelengths of light photorearrange to an unstable photoproduct that subsequently eliminates leaving groups in aqueous media. Selected examples are given that use these photoremovable protecting (caging) groups for the light‐activated release of biologically important substrates under physiological conditions in cells and tissue as practical applications in biology, biochemistry and physiology. These caging groups have found significant applications because their photochemistry is efficient and a single coproduct is formed in addition to the photoreleased substrate.
The UN Sustainable Development Goals as a North Star: How an intermediary network makes, takes, and retrofits the meaning of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: van den Broek Onna M. , Klingler‐Vidra Robyn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how a network of informal intermediaries – including international organizations, consultancies, business alliances, and standard setters – has contributed to the persistence of the universalistic meaning of the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs). Based on our analysis of 26 interviews and 121 online resources produced by the 22 most prominent intermediaries, we find that SDG diffusion is distinct from linear depictions, such as the regulator‐intermediary‐target model. This is because the intermediary network acts via three dynamic mechanisms that lend to an inclusive meaning of the goals; the core intermediaries lead efforts to make the perspective one that can accommodate a range of different audiences and activities, then intermediaries who subsequently join the network accept that broad perspective. Concomitant to their making or taking of the perspective, each intermediary individually works to retrofit the SDGs onto their unique tools and activities and to create their spot within the network. The combination of perspective making and taking, and retrofitting, propels the persistence of the SDGs as a “North Star” rather than a more specific blueprint for companies.
Weighted risk models for dynamic healthcare fraud detection
Authors: Rolfe Alyssa J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite efforts to prevent it, fraud in the United States healthcare system remains a serious and pressing issue. Since healthcare fraud is a complex and multi‐faceted problem, fraud‐fighting solutions must be flexible enough to address the ever‐evolving nature of the crime. Here, we present a method to identify healthcare fraud in such a manner that incorporates both potential fraud as well as risky provider behavior. The proposed weighted risk model provides a framework for creating a dynamic fraud detection database that can be easily scaled up to incorporate emerging fraud schemes.
Microsporidiosis after liver transplantation: A French nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Dumortier Jérôme , Radenne Sylvie , Kamar Nassim , Conti Filomena , Abergel Armand , Coilly Audrey , Francoz Claire , Houssel‐Debry Pauline , Vanlemmens Claire , Laverdure Noémie , Duvoux Christophe , Iriart Xavier , Thellier Marc , Angoulvant Adela , Argy Nicolas , Autier Brice , Bellanger Anne‐Pauline , Botterel Françoise , Garrouste Cyril , Rabodonirina Meja , Poirier Philippe ,   The French Microsporidiosis Network
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrosporidiosis has been largely reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but emerged as a cause of persistent diarrhea in solid organ transplant patients.MethodsThrough the French Microsporidiosis Network and the Groupe français de recherche en greffe de foie, we collected all microsporidiosis cases identified in liver transplant patients between 1995 and 2020 in France.ResultsWe identified 24 liver transplant recipients with microsporidiosis. Sex ratio was balanced and median age was 58.8 (3.5‐83.5) years (there were 4 children). Microsporidiosis occurred at a median time of 3.9 (0.1‐18.9) years post‐transplant. Median duration of diarrhea before diagnosis was 22 days (12‐45). Therapeutic care included immunosuppressive therapy changes in 20 patients, as follows: stop cyclosporine or tacrolimus (n = 2), dose reduction of cyclosporine or tacrolimus (n = 12), stop MMF (n = 5), and dose reduction of corticosteroids (n = 1). In addition, 15 patients received specific therapy against microsporidiosis: fumagillin (n = 11) or albendazole (n = 4). Median duration of treatment was 14 days (8‐45 days). Finally, 7 patients had immunosuppressive treatment tapering only. Microsporidiosis was complicated by renal failure in 15 patients, requiring dialysis in one case. Two patients had infection relapse. No patient presented proven rejection within the 3 months after microsporidiosis. None of the patients died within the 3 months after microsporidiosis.ConclusionsMicrosporidiosis is a very rare infection after liver transplantation but can induce severe dehydration and renal failure. Therefore, it must be systematically sought in any case of persistent diarrhea after first line screening of frequent infectious causes.
Distinct patterns of spasticity and corticospinal connectivity following complete spinal cord injury
Authors: Sangari Sina , Kirshblum Steven , Guest James D. , Oudega Martin , Perez Monica A. 
Published: June 2021

Key points
Damage to corticospinal axons has implications for the development of spasticity following spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we examined to what extent residual corticospinal connections and spasticity are present in muscles below the injury (quadriceps femoris and soleus) in humans with motor complete thoracic SCI.
We found three distinct subgroups of people: participants with spasticity and corticospinal responses in the quadriceps femoris and soleus; participants with spasticity and corticospinal responses in the quadriceps femoris only; and participants with no spasticity or corticospinal responses in either muscle. Spasticity and corticospinal responses were present in the quadriceps but never only in the soleus muscle, suggesting a proximal to distal gradient of symptoms of hyperreflexia.
These results suggest that concomitant patterns of residual corticospinal connectivity and spasticity exist in humans with motor complete SCI and that a clinical examination of spasticity might be a good predictor of residual descending motor pathways in people with severe paralysis.
AbstractThe loss of corticospinal axons has implications for the development of spasticity following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the extent to which residual corticospinal connections and spasticity are present across muscles below the injury remains unknown. To address this question, we tested spasticity using the Modified Ashworth Scale and transmission in the corticospinal pathway by examining motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the leg motor cortex (cortical MEPs) and by direct activation of corticospinal axons by electrical stimulation over the thoracic spine (thoracic MEPs), in the quadriceps femoris and soleus muscles, in 30 individuals with motor complete thoracic SCI. Cortical MEPs were also conditioned by thoracic electrical stimulation at intervals allowing their summation or collision. We found three distinct subgroups of participants: 47% showed spasticity in the quadriceps femoris and soleus muscles; 30% showed spasticity in the quadriceps femoris muscle only; and 23% showed no spasticity in either muscle. Although cortical MEPs were present only in the quadriceps in participants with spasticity, thoracic MEPs were present in both muscles when spasticity was present. Thoracic electrical stimulation facilitated and suppressed cortical MEPs, showing that both forms of stimulation activated similar corticospinal axons. Cortical and thoracic MEPs correlated with the degree of spasticity in both muscles. These results provide the first evidence that related patterns of residual corticospinal connectivity and spasticity exist in muscles below the injury after motor complete thoracic SCI and highlight that a clinical examination of spasticity can predict residual corticospinal connectivity after severe paralysis.
Vision-Based Control of a Mobile Manipulator With an Adaptable-Passive Suspension for Unstructured Environments
Authors: Cardenas Antonio , Quiroz Osmar , Hernández Ricardo , Medellin-Castillo Hugo I. , González Alejandro , Maya Mauro , Piovesan Davide 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The kinematic design, development, and navigation control of a new autonomous mobile manipulator for unstructured terrain is presented in this work. An innovative suspension system is designed based on the kinematic synthesis of an adaptable, passive mechanism. This novel suspension can compensate for irregularities in the terrain by using two pairs of bogies joined by a crank-slider mechanism and facilitates the control of the robotic platform using video cameras. The mobile robot is also equipped with a robotic manipulator, of which a synthesis, simulation, and experimental validation are presented. Additionally, manipulation is accomplished during motion on rough terrain. The proposed mobile robot has been fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. A vision-based control approach, from here on named mobile linear-camera space manipulation (MLCSM), for mobile manipulators has been synthesized and implemented to conduct experimental tests. This mobile manipulator has been designed to traverse uneven terrain so that the loading platform is kept close to horizontal while crossing obstacles up to one-third of the size of its wheels. This feature allows for the onboard cameras to stay oriented toward the target; it also allows for any device mounted on the payload platform to remain nearly horizontal during the task. The developed control approach allows us to estimate the position and orientation of the manipulator’s end effector and update its trajectory along the path toward the target. The experiments show a final precision for engagement of a pallet within +/−2.5 mm in position and +/−2 deg in orientation