bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Risk-Attributable Burden in 137 Low-and Middle-Income Countries, 1990-2019: Results From The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Ke Changrong , Liang Juanjuan , Liu Mi , Liu Shiwei , Wang Chunping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern, but its disease burden and risk-attributable burden in CKD has been poorly studied in low - and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to estimate CKD burden and risk-attributable burden in LMICs from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
Data were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, which measure CKD burden using the years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and estimate risk-attributable burden using population-attributable faction (PAF) from 1990 to 2019. The 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated and reported for YLDs, YLLs and DALYs.
Results
In 2019, the age-standardized YLL rate is much higher than the YLD rate in various income regions. LICs had the highest age-standardized DALY rate at 692.25 per 100,000 people (95%UI: 605.14 to 785.67), followed by Lower MICs. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate showed a 13.70% reduction in LICs, 2.25% reduction Upper MICs but 3.72% rising in Lower MICs. Age-standardized YLD rate was higher in females than in males, whereas age-standardized rates of YLL and DALY of CKD were all higher in males than in females in globally and various income regions. Additionally, there were upward trends in the CKD-related age-specific YLD, YLL and DALY rates in various income regions. In 2019, kidney dysfunction, high systolic blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index remained the major causes attributable age-standardized CKD DALYs. From 1990 to 2019, there were upward trends in the PAF contributions of high fasting plasma glucose, high systolic blood pressure, and high body-mass index. The greatest increase in the PAF was high body-mass index, especially in Lower MICs.
Conclusions
CKD burden remains high in various income regions, especially in MICs and Lower MICs. More effective and targeted preventive policies and interventions aimed at mitigating preventable CKD burden and addressing risk factors are urgently needed, particularly in geographies with high or increasing burden.
Development of Distance Cost Estimation Model for Health-Base on the Public official Information
Authors: Guo Siao-Jing , Yen Chia-Feng , Chen Hsing-Chu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Health services accessibility indicators with high reliability, validity, high timeliness and easy policy application can help to understand the current situation of medical resource supply and demand in a region and assist the government to allocate resources more effectively. However, in terms of the development of related indicators, it is difficult to protect the privacy of the residence of medical users from large databases or medical records, and to obtain the transportation cost of the actual use of medical and health services. The purpose of this study was to develop a distance cost index based on the national public information about the disease prevalence rate and the population in the region to estimate the distance cost of actual service users. This index could take into account the privacy of the patient's residence and solve the limitation of using the national health insurance database in the past.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study and used secondary data analysis by SPSS and QGIS. It was mainly divided into the Verification group and the Index development group to calculate the medical treatment distance. Their data source came from Medical Center actual records of patients with diabetes and high blood pressure during 2017-2019 as Verification group and prevalence from National Public Information as Index development group. Finally, the consistency of the two groups' medical treatment distance is compared to verify the accuracy of the index development group. Results: The estimated distances of the Index development group are high consistency (ICC>0.9) with the Verification group and after adjusting age and gender, there are also excellent R-square (98.1%, 92.7%). The disease cost for health care formula is developed by the present study with the prevalence and population from Public Information as an easy policy application and it can protect the privacy of patients in the further.
First Report of Eltrombopag Induced Severe Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in the Management of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia-associated Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Shen Yingying , Ge Hangping , Ye Baodong , Zheng Zhiyin , Shao Keding , Zhou Yuhong , Shen Yiping , Wu Dijiong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) can be observed in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM). The cause of AIHA should be carefully distinguished during the disease management. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old female WM patient complicated with thrombocytopenia, who was admitted to our department with a complaint of abdominal pain. After first half of bortezomib/dexamethasone/rituximab (BRD) chemotherapy, her platelet level recovered, but subsequently decreased to extremely low level (around 1-2×109/L), and the patient suffered from platelet transfusion refractoriness. During the management of refractory thrombocytopenia, the patient developed severe hemolytic anemia, and further tests confirmed warm AIHA. FcγRIIα polymorphism test showed that the patient had FcγRIIα-131RH, which implied that the AIHA may not be WM-related. Given the effects of ibrutinib in controlling WM, ibrutinib single treatment was started, which quickly corrected the thrombocytopenia within five days, but not hemolysis. With a relatively safe platelet level, eltrombopag was stopped, and the hemolysis alleviated within three days after eltrombopag withdrawal. Conclusion: This is the first report on eltrombopag-induced AIHA, and we should always keep in mind of the drug induced hemolysis even in disorders with autoimmune background.
Levels and Distribution of Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) in Typical Megacity Wetland Park Landscape Water Bodies in Southwest China
Authors: Yin Hongling , Liu Liya , Liu Qin , Song Jiaojiao , Fang Shuhong , Liu Xiaowen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Human activities have led to the release of organophosphate esters (OPEs) into the environment. This study aims to investigate the levels and partitioning of OPEs in surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments of landscape waters across eleven parks in the city of Chengdu, a megacity in Southwest China. The average concentration of Σ6OPEs in the SPM samples (median: 2.94×103 ng/L, 6.88×104 ng/g dw) was 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than that in the surface water (median: 359 ng/L) and sediment (median: 82.8 ng/g) samples. Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) and trichloropropyl phosphate (TCIPP) were the primary OPE pollutants in the surface water and SPM samples, while TnBP, tris-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) predominated the sediment samples. The higher log Koc values of OPEs in park landscape water bodies than other studies in the present study could be explained by the OPE properties (foc, Kow, degradability) and the environmental conditions (the input sources and the hydraulic retention time, etc.).
Induction of Remission in Chronic Urticaria by Immunotherapy Using Immunoglobulin/histamine Complex (HistobulinTM): A Case Report
Authors: Kim Hyuk Soon , Noh Geunwoong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Symptom control is a major concern in chronic urticaria. HistobulinTM is a histamine/immunoglobulin complex and has been reported to be effective for chronic urticaria.Case Presentation: HistobulinTM was administered until remission was induced instead of fixing the number of administrations in four cases of chronic urticaria. Two patients showed an early response and finished treatment with 12 injections of Histobulin, and the other two patients showed a late response and were injected 43 times and 46 times. Remission was induced successfully in all four cases.Conclusions: HitobulinTM is not only effective but also induces remission in CSU. The HistobulinTM therapy protocol in CSU may be better if the treatment is continued until remission is achieved. Based on the responses of the patients, early responders and late responders were present. The progress of the disease during treatment consisted of a slow improvement phase and a rapid improvement phase. Uniquely, the appropriate allergy laboratory results, including blood eosinophil fraction, total IgE and eosinophil cationic protein level, were normal in all 4 cases. Further studies concerning the mechanisms of HistobulinTM may be needed.
Clinical Outcomes of Laminoplasty for Patients With Lysosomal Storage Disease Including Mucopolysaccharidosis and Mucolipidoses: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Terai Hidetomi , Tamai Koji , Hoshino Masatoshi , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Suzuki Akinobu , Takahashi Shinji , Hori Ysuke , Yabu Akito , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Although the clinical efficacy of laminoplasty in adult cervical spondylotic myelopathy or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament has been frequently reported, there are only a few reports of laminoplasty for patients with lysosome storage diseases (LSDs). Thus, this study aimed to report the midterm clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with LSDs after cervical laminoplasty.Methods: Six LSD patients who underwent laminoplasty with/without C1 laminectomy for cervical myelopathy were enrolled. Clinical evaluations, including the cervical Japanese Orthopedic Association (cJOA) score and visual analog scale (VAS) for upper extremity numbness and radiographic parameters, including C2-7 lordotic angle, atlanto-dens interval (ADI), and ⊿ADI, were evaluated preoperatively, at 2 years postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Results: Five patients had mucopolysaccharidoses (type I: n=1, II: n=3, VII: n=1) and one patient had mucolipidoses type III. Mean age at surgery was 27.5 years. Mean postoperative follow-up period was 61 months. All mucopolysaccharidoses cases required C1 posterior arch resection with C2-C7 laminoplasty. No critical complications were observed postoperatively. There were no significant differences between preoperative and final follow-up in C2-7 angle (p=0.724) and ⊿ADI (p=0.592). The cJOA score and VAS for numbness significantly improved at the final follow-up (p=0.004 and p=0.007, respectively).Conclusion: The cervical myelopathy of LSD patients could be safely and effectively treated with laminoplasty with/without C1 posterior arch resection after eliminating patients with atlantoaxial instability. The atlantoaxial stability and symptom improvement could be maintained at an average of 5 years postoperatively.
Study On Oxylipins Metabolomics Components of Follicular Fluid In Infertile Patients With Diminished Ovarian Reserve By UHPLC-MS-MS
Authors: Liang Chengcheng , Zhang Xiaole , Qi Cong , Hu Hui , Zhang Qinhua , Zhu Xiuxian , Fu Yonglun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) refers to the decrease of the number and quality of oocytes in the ovary, which leads to the lack of sex hormones and the decline of fertility in women. DOR can also develop into premature ovarian failure (POF), which affects women's quality of life and is an important cause of female infertility. Oxidative stress is an important cause of fertility decline in DOR patients, which significantly affects follicular microenvironment, oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development. Defining specific oxidized lipid components in follicular fluid (FF) of DOR infertile patients can better understand the existing knowledge of intracellular signal transduction.Methods: UHPLC-MS-MS technology was used to analyze oxylipins metabolic signatures in the FF of DOR patients and females with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) enrolled for the in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. The obtained metabolomic profiles were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and MetaboAnalyst databases were used for pathway enrichment analysis.Results: Fifteen oxylipins were found to be lower in FF of patients with DOR than those in NOR group, including ±20-HDoHE, ±5-iso PGF2α-VI, 12S-HHTrE, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2, 1a,1b-dihomo PGE2, 1a,1b-dihomo PGF2α, 20-COOH-AA, 20-HETE, 8S,15S-DiHETE, PGA2, PGD2, PGE1, PGF1α, PGF2α, PGJ2. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the 15 different oxylipins metabolites were closely related to arachidonic acid metabolic pathway.Conclusions: Metabolomic analysis of FF indicated that disorders of oxylipins metabolism was closely related to ovarian reserve function. Among these oxylipins metabolites, arachidonic acid metabolism undergoes significant changes that affect the development of oocytes thus causing reduced fertility in DOR patients.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000038182,Registered 12 September 2020-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ edit.aspx? pid=61313&htm=4
Preclinical Evaluation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing MicroRNA-126 to Treat Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Nammian Pegah , Asadi-Yousefabad Seyedeh-Leili , Daneshi Sajad , Fallahi Jafar , Tabei Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Razban Vahid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) considered as the most severe form of peripheral artery disease (PAD), and characterized by ischemic rest pain and non-healing ulcers. CLI being associated with a high risk of major amputation, cardiovascular events and death. Current therapy for CLI are surgical reconstruction and endovascular therapy or limb amputation (for patients with no treatment options). Neovasculogenesis induced by stem cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a promising approach to treat CLI. But this method of treatment faces challenges that reduce its effectiveness, such as: MSCs survival and paracrine secretion. MicroRNAs are post transcriptional regulatory molecules that regulate many biological processes including VEGF pathway. Therefore, microRNAs could be used to increase viability and angiogenic potential of MSCs. This study was conducted to reinforce and increase the angiogenic potential of BM-MSCs by using microRNA-126 and evaluate the effect of this stem cell gene therapy on treatment of ischemic tissues in CLI mouse models. Results: Our cellular, molecular and functional tests indicated that during 28 days after transplantation, BM-MSCs and virus groups had an enhancing effect on angiogenesis. BM-MSCs miR-126 group had remarkable effect on endothelial cell migration, muscle restructure, functional improvements and neovascularization in ischemic tissues and led to more effective treatment. On the other hand, miR-126 could increase paracrine secretion of BM-MSCs. Additionally, in vivo evaluation showed that miR-126 could increase BM-MSCs survival and paracrine secretion of angiogenic factors such as VEGF, and led to remarkable functional improvements and neovascularization in ischemic tissues. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it could concluded that combination of BM-MSCs and miR-126 leads to more effective recovery from critical limb ischemia compared to using them alone. In fact, miR-126 can be used as a strong modifier to reinforce the angiogenic potential of BM-MSCs, leading to more effective treatment for CLI.
Effects of Varying Viscosity and Mixed Convection on Nanotubes-water Flow With Reactions by a Stretching Cylinder: a Comparative Study
Authors: Hussain Zakir , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The addressed work explains SWCNT (Single walled carbon nanotubnes) and MWCNT (Multi walled carbon nanotubnes) nanofluid flow under the influences of temperature dependent viscosity and mixed convection. Comparative study of SWCN-T and MWCNT suspended in base liquid is presented. Further heat and mass transfer are addressed for nanofluid effected by radiation, heat generation/absorption and diffusion species. Mathematical development of problem is taken in cylindrical coordinates. System of highly nonlinear differential equations are constructed via appropriate transformations. The system of equations are tackled numerically by bvp4c MATLAB solver. The findings of the study show that volume fraction contributes to decline the fluid flow by cylindrical shaped nanoparticles. In addition, fluid flow decelerates via curvature and magnetic parameters while it boots by Grashof number and volume fraction. Further more, temperature dependent viscosity variable corresponds to decrease the temperature close to the surface and it develops away from the surface. The temperature advances in MWCNT-liquid than SWCNT-liquid. Volume fraction and magnetic parameters correspond to skin friction coefficient enhancement. Heat transfer rate increases for larger curvature and heat generation parameters and reverse trend holds against radiation parameter.
Oral Huzhang Granules For the Treatment of Acute Gouty Arthritis: Protocol For a Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Mi , Hua Liang , Wang Yi-Fei , Chen Si-Ting , Yang Chun-mei , Zhang Ming , Li Xin , Li Bin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Acute gouty arthritis (GA) is the main clinical manifestation and the most common initial symptom of gout. The treatment of acute GA involves the use of colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids. Because of the side effects of these drugs, their clinical application is limited.The use oftraditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of acute GA is associated with unique advantages.The aim of this trial is to clarify the treatment efficacy, safety, and recurrence control efficacy of Huzhang granules (HZGs) in patients with GA showing dampness-heat syndrome.Methods/design:This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was planned to be conducted between July 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. A sample size of 267 participants (89 per group) with GA will be randomly assigned to three treatment groups in the ratio of 1:1:1: HZG, Etoricoxib, and placebo groups.The study duration will be 13 days, including a one-day screening period, 5-day intervention period, and one-week follow-up period. The primary outcome is analgesic effectiveness, assessed as pain in the worst affected joint, which was measured using the visual analogue scale. Secondary outcomes include the patient’s assessment of pain in the primary study joint, patient’s global assessment of response to therapy, investigator’s global assessment of response to therapy, investigator’s assessment of tenderness and swelling of the study joint, and TCM syndromes. Furthermore, the number, nature, and severity of adverse events will be carefully recorded.Discussion: This study will provide an evidence regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of a Chinese medicine treatment for acute gouty arthritis. The results are worth anticipating.Trial registration: Clinicalstrials. GovID:NCT04462666, Registered on July 05, 2020(first version).
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Based on Tomotherapy Application for Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Xie Ziyi , Song Yingqiu , Liu Chengsen , Wang Chenyu , Zhao Peng , Huang Bo , He Lei , Wang Tianlu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTomotherapy (TOMO), also known as spiral tomotherapy, offers better dose distribution, mild radiotherapy responses, shorter single-treatment times, and the benefits of timely adjustment of set errors. The overall treatment time of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) does not increase compared with that of conventional radiotherapy (Con-RT); thus, HFRT is considered the most promising and attractive alternative to standard segmentation. The effect of HFRT based on TOMO technology on limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients requires further investigation.MethodsThe number of samples required was calculated using PASS software, and this randomized, controlled, prospective study will include 120 LS-SCLC patients randomized (1:1) to the experiment group (HFRT with TOMO) or the control group (Con-RT). The primary outcome is progression-free survival time after treatment with HFRT with TOMO. Secondary outcomes include acute and chronic adverse reactions, overall survival, tumor response (stable disease, progressive disease, complete response, and partial response), and quality of life. The follow-up duration will be 2 years. This is version 1.0 of protocol on April 1, 2021. The start of recruitment for this clinical trial is July 1, 2020, and the completion of recruitment is January 1, 2022. DiscussionThis new experimental study aims to explore the selection criteria of instruments during LS-SCLC radiotherapy and provide data theory support for the specified treatment specifications and guidelines. For problems that may arise in the research, we will solve them through statistical methods, such as differential analysis, and project funding support. The study is committed to providing better efficacy for patients with LS-SCLC.Trial registrationThis study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, with trial number ChiCTR1900027539 (date of registration: November 17, 2019). (URL:http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=45872&htm=4)
Extraction, Partial Purification And Characterization Of Milk- Clotting Enzyme From Local Coagulants On The Yield Of Cheese Using Cow Milk
Authors: Tesfaw Alemu Tebeje 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Milk-clotting activity is the most important property of enzymes used in cheese making. The study conducts at the University of Gondar, Institute of biotechnology microbial and cellular biology laboratory. Latex extracted from each plant using an appropriate procedure. Five hundred ml of milk added to each beaker in all extract labels with its replication, heated, each coagulant was added and heated till a separate layer of cheese and whey happened. Then after clotting time, whey product, cheese- fresh weight, cheese dry weight, and the percentage of cheese yield were recorded using appropriate measurement and calculation. All data analyzed using SAS Studio, and analysis of variance showed that highly significant differences have existed among plant extract used for all studied parameters. The highest (59, 74.67, 91.33 gm) amount of cheese- dry weight observes in lemon juice. The highest (11.34, 14.36, and 17.56)% of cheese- yield observe in lemon juice for all extract labels, respectively. The lowest amount (32.67, 25.67, and 17.00) of cheese formation starting time observed from lemon juice, respectively. Therefore, lemon juice, calotropis procera, and Solanum incanum could use in the dairy industry and local community as an alternative source of rennet.