bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aero-engine acceleration control using deep reinforcement learning with phase-based reward function
Authors: Hu Qian-Kun , Zhao Yong-Ping 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the conventional aero-engine acceleration control task is formulated into a Markov Decision Process (MDP) problem. Then, a novel phase-based reward function is proposed to enhance the performance of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in solving feedback control tasks. With that reward function, an aero-engine controller based on Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) is developed to improve the aero-engine acceleration performance. Four comparison simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The simulation results show that the phase-based reward function helps to eliminate the oscillation problem of the aero-engine control system, which is caused by the traditional goal-based reward function when DRL is applied to the aero-engine control. And the TRPO controller outperforms deep Q-learning (DQN) and the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) in the aero-engine acceleration control task. Compared to DQN and PID controller, the acceleration time of aero-engine is decreased by 0.6 and 2.58 s, respectively, and the aero-engine acceleration performance is improved by 16.8 and 46.4 % each.
Intrafamilial Characteristics Are Important Predictors of Children’s Diets in New Mexico’s Border Colonias
Authors: McDonald Jill A. , Sroka Christopher J. , Olivares Elizabeth , Marin Merranda R. , Gurrola Maria , Sharkey Joseph R. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction We assessed selected nutritional indicators in Mexican-origin children in two low-income, rural colonias in New Mexico on the U.S.–Mexico border. These children are at higher risk for obesity and other chronic diseases linked to poor nutrition in childhood, but little is known about their diets. Method We surveyed mothers of 202 children 6 to 10 years old about sociodemographic characteristics, family and child attitudes and behaviors, and the child’s diet. We compared diet with dietary recommendations and used regression trees to identify significant predictors of recommended intake. Results Among families, 89.1% participated in Medicaid, and 52.5% participated in a Supplemental Nutrition Program. More children met recommendations for fruit (36.1%) than vegetables (1.5%). Greater vegetable intake was associated with a child’s not thinking healthy food tasted bad, greater family activity, and younger maternal age. Only 5.0% of children met the recommendation for <10% of energy from added sugar, with the average child consuming 2.4 times that from sugar-sweetened beverages and snacks. Lower sugar intake was associated with less screen time, not having TV on during meals, and playing team sports. Family access to healthy food and child use of mobile food vendors, vending and convenience stores were not predictive of diet. Conclusion Hispanic children in border colonias have poor diets that put them at risk for obesity and numerous chronic diseases. Addressing this problem will require changing family norms and attitudes toward healthy food, screen time behavior, and physical activity levels within families.
Potential bias of preoperative intravitreal anti-VEGF injection for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Takayama Kei , Someya Hideaki , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Kimura Takeshi , Takamura Yoshihiro , Morioka Masakazu , Terasaki Hiroto , Ueda Tetsuo , Ogata Nahoko , Kitano Shigehiko , Tashiro Maki , Sakamoto Taiji , Takeuchi Masaru 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection (IVI) is administered before vitrectomy to assist management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)-related complications. In the clinical setting, retinal surgeons determine the use of preoperative IVI based on individual criteria. In this study, we investigated factors related to the potential bias of retinal surgeons in using IVI prior to vitrectomy for PDR-related complications, and evaluated the real-world outcomes of surgeon-determined preoperative IVI.

Methods
Medical records of 409 eyes of 409 patients who underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy for PDR complications at seven Japanese centers (22 surgeons) were retrospectively reviewed. Ocular factors, demographic and general clinical factors, surgical procedures, and postoperative complications were compared between IVI group (patients who received preoperative IVI; 87 eyes, 21.3%) and non-IVI group (patients who did not receive preoperative IVI; 322 eyes, 78.7%). In addition, baseline HbA1c in IVI group and non-IVI group was compared between eyes with and without postoperative complications.

Results
At baseline, IVI group was younger (P<0.001), had shorter duration of diabetes treatment (P = 0.045), and higher frequencies of neovascular glaucoma [NVG] (P<0.001) and tractional retinal detachment [TRD] (P<0.001) compared to non-IVI group. Although IVI group had higher frequencies of intraoperative retinal break and tamponade procedure, there were no significant differences in postoperative complications and additional treatments between two groups. Baseline HbA1c levels were also not correlated with postoperative complications of VH, NVG, and RD both in IVI group and non-IVI group. Logistic regression analysis identified age (P<0.001, odds ratio [OR] 0.95), presence of NVG (P<0.001, OR 20.2), and presence of TRD (P = 0.0014, OR 2.44) as preoperative factors in favor of IVI.

Conclusions
In this multicenter real-world clinical study, younger age and presence of NVG and TRD were identified as potential biases in using IVI before vitrectomy for PDR complications. Eyes that received preoperative IVI had more intraoperative retinal breaks requiring tamponade than eyes not receiving IVI, but postoperative outcome was not different between the two groups.
RELOKASI IBU KOTA NEGARA : LESSON LEARNED DARI NEGARA LAIN
Authors: Aziz Nyimas Latifah Letty 
Published: October 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dan analisis tentang rencana relokasi ibu kota negara ditinjau dari pengalaman negara-negara lain. Selain itu, artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk memetakan persoalan terkait dengan dampak yang muncul akibat dari rencana relokasi ibu kota negara. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder yang berasal dari koran, buku, media internet, dan sebagainya. Relokasi ibu kota sudah dilakukan oleh beberapa negara. Ada beberapa negara yang berhasil merelokasi ibu kota negaranya dan memberikan dampak positif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan peningkatan kinerja pemerintahannya tetapi ada pula negara yang berhasil merelokasi namun tidak memberikan dampak positif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi baik di tempat baru maupun lama. Tentunya pemerintah perlu mempertimbangkan secara matang dampak dari relokasi ibu kota negara baik bagi ibu kota lama yang ditinggalkan dan dampak relokasi terhadap ibu kota yang baru.
Extremes of cerebral blood flow during hypercapnic squat‐stand maneuvers
Authors: Barnes Samuel C. , Haunton Victoria J. , Beishon Lucy , Llwyd Osian , Robinson Thompson G. , Panerai Ronney B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSquat‐stand maneuvers (SSMs) are a popular method of inducing blood pressure (BP) oscillations to reliably assess dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), but their effects on the cerebral circulation remain controversial. We designed a protocol whereby participants would perform SSMs under hypercapnic conditions. Alarmingly high values of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) were recorded, leading to early study termination after the recruitment of a single participant.One healthy subject underwent recordings at rest (5 min sitting, 5 min standing) and during two SSMs (fixed and random frequency). Two sets of recordings were collected; one while breathing room air, one while breathing 5% CO2. Continuous recordings of bilateral CBFV (transcranial Doppler), heart rate (ECG), BP (Finometer), and end‐tidal CO2 (capnography) were collected.Peak values of systolic CBFV were significantly higher during hypercapnia (p < 0.01), and maximal values exceeded 200 cm.s−1. Estimates of dCA (ARI) during hypercapnia were impaired relative to poikilocapnia (p = 0.03). The phase was significantly reduced under hypercapnic conditions (p = 0.03).Here we report extremely high values of CBFV in response to repeated SSMs during induced hypercapnia, in an otherwise healthy subject. Our findings suggest that protocols performing hypercapnic SSMs are potentially dangerous. We, therefore, urge caution if other research groups plan to undertake similar protocols.
Transcriptional profiles of genes related to electrophysiological function in Scn5a+/− murine hearts
Authors: Takla Michael , Edling Charlotte E. , Zhang Kevin , Saadeh Khalil , Tse Gary , Salvage Samantha C. , Huang Christopher L.‐H. , Jeevaratnam Kamalan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Scn5a gene encodes the major pore‐forming Nav1.5 (α) subunit, of the voltage‐gated Na+ channel in cardiomyocytes. The key role of Nav1.5 in action potential initiation and propagation in both atria and ventricles predisposes organisms lacking Scn5a or carrying Scn5a mutations to cardiac arrhythmogenesis. Loss‐of‐function Nav1.5 genetic abnormalities account for many cases of the human arrhythmic disorder Brugada syndrome (BrS) and related conduction disorders. A murine model with a heterozygous Scn5a deletion recapitulates many electrophysiological phenotypes of BrS. This study examines the relationships between its Scn5a+/− genotype, resulting transcriptional changes, and the consequent phenotypic presentations of BrS. Of 62 selected protein‐coding genes related to cardiomyocyte electrophysiological or homeostatic function, concentrations of mRNA transcribed from 15 differed significantly from wild type (WT). Despite halving apparent ventricular Scn5a transcription heterozygous deletion did not significantly downregulate its atrial expression, raising possibilities of atria‐specific feedback mechanisms. Most of the remaining 14 genes whose expression differed significantly between WT and Scn5a+/− animals involved Ca2+ homeostasis specifically in atrial tissue, with no overlap with any ventricular changes. All statistically significant changes in expression were upregulations in the atria and downregulations in the ventricles. This investigation demonstrates the value of future experiments exploring for and clarifying links between transcriptional control of Scn5a and of genes whose protein products coordinate Ca2+ regulation and examining their possible roles in BrS.
Micropattern platform promotes extracellular matrix remodeling by human PSC‐derived cardiac fibroblasts and enhances contractility of co‐cultured cardiomyocytes
Authors: Napiwocki B.N. , Stempien A. , Lang D. , Kruepke R.A. , Kim G. , Zhang J. , Eckhardt L.L. , Glukhov A.V. , Kamp T.J. , Crone W.C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn native heart tissue, cardiac fibroblasts provide the structural framework of extracellular matrix (ECM) while also influencing the electrical and mechanical properties of cardiomyocytes. Recent advances in the field of stem cell differentiation have led to the availability of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiac fibroblasts (iPSC‐CFs) in addition to cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs). Here we use a novel 2D in vitro micropatterned platform that provides control over ECM geometry and substrate stiffness. When cultured alone on soft micropatterned substrates, iPSC‐CFs are confined to the micropatterned features and remodel the ECM into anisotropic fibers. Similar remodeling and ECM production occurs when cultured with iPSC‐CMs in a co‐culture model. In addition to modifications in the ECM, our results show that iPSC‐CFs influence iPSC‐CM function with accelerated Ca2+ transient rise‐up time and greater contractile strains in the co‐culture conditions compared to when iPSC‐CMs are cultured alone. These combined observations highlight the important role cardiac fibroblasts play in vivo and the need for co‐culture models like the one presented here to provide more representative in vitro cardiac constructs.
Intra‐rater reliability of leg blood flow during dynamic exercise using Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Amin Sachin B. , Mugele Hendrik , Dobler Florian E. , Marume Kyohei , Moore Jonathan P. , Lawley Justin S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeveloping an exercise model that resembles a traditional form of aerobic exercise and facilitates a complete simultaneous assessment of multiple parameters within the oxygen cascade is critically for understanding exercise intolerances in diseased populations. Measurement of muscle blood flow is a crucial component of such a model and previous studies have used invasive procedures to determine blood flow kinetics; however, this may not be appropriate in certain populations. Furthermore, current models utilizing Doppler ultrasound use isolated limb exercise and while these studies have provided useful data, the exercise model does not mimic the whole‐body physiological response to continuous dynamic exercise. Therefore, we aimed to measure common femoral artery blood flow using Doppler ultrasound during continuous dynamic stepping exercise performed at three independent workloads to assess the within day and between‐day reliability for such an exercise modality. We report a within‐session coefficient of variation of 5.8% from three combined workloads and a between‐day coefficient of variation of 12.7%. These values demonstrate acceptable measurement accuracy and support our intention of utilizing this noninvasive exercise model for an integrative assessment of the whole‐body physiological response to exercise in a range of populations.
Deletion of Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate receptor 1 in cardiomyocytes during development leads to abnormal ventricular conduction and fibrosis
Authors: Jorgensen Ryan , Katta Meghna , Wolfe Jayne , Leach Desiree F. , Lavelle Bianca , Chun Jerold , Wilsbacher Lisa D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSphingosine 1‐Phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1, encoded by S1pr1) is a G protein‐coupled receptor that signals in multiple cell types including endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte‐specific deletion of S1pr1 during mouse development leads to ventricular noncompaction, with 44% of mutant mice surviving to adulthood. Adult survivors of embryonic cardiomyocyte S1pr1 deletion showed cardiac hypertrabeculation consistent with ventricular noncompaction. Surprisingly, systolic function in mutant mice was preserved through at least 1 year of age. Cardiac conduction was abnormal in cardiomyocyte S1pr1 mutant mice, with prolonged QRS intervals in mutants as compared with littermate control mice. Immunostaining of hearts from S1pr1 mutant embryos displayed a zone of intermediate Connexin 40 (Cx40) expression in the trabecular myocardium. However, we observed no significant differences in Cx40 and Connexin 43 immunostaining in hearts from adult survivors of embryonic cardiomyocyte S1pr1 deletion, which suggests normalized development of the ventricular conduction system in mutant mice. By contrast, the adult survivors of embryonic cardiomyocyte S1pr1 deletion showed increased cardiac fibrosis as compared with littermate controls. These results demonstrate that ventricular hypertrabeculation caused by embryonic deletion of cardiomyocyte S1pr1 correlates with cardiac fibrosis, which contributes to abnormal ventricular conduction. These results also reveal conduction abnormalities in the setting of hypertrabeculation with normal systolic function, which may be of clinical relevance in humans with ventricular hypertrabeculation.
Factors Contributing to Fatigue Cracking in Flexible Pavements in Oklahoma: A Case Study Using Laboratory and Field Investigation and AASHTOWare Simulation
Authors: Ghos Sagar , Ashik Ali Syed , Zaman Musharraf , Hobson Kenneth R. , Mendez Larrain Matias , Behm Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fatigue cracking is one of the major structural distresses in flexible pavements. In this study, probable causes of fatigue cracking were investigated using field and laboratory testing and In this study, probable causes of fatigue cracking were investigated using field ang laboratory testing and AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (PMED) simulations. Field tests including Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), and Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) were performed on a flexible pavement section of US 412 located in Noble County, Oklahoma. Also, asphalt cores and soil samples were collected for laboratory testing. The GPR test results revealed significant delamination in the asphalt layer. Also, the GPR images indicated that the disturbance zone was confined within the asphalt layer and cracks were generated from surface as well as from existing pavement layers below. The DCP and FWD test results indicated that the pavement section was not structurally adequate to support traffic and needed rehabilitation in the near future. The moduli of the asphalt layers were found to be quite low, indicating improper compaction during construction. Also, the densities of the top-lifts of the asphalt cores were found to be low. Moreover, the cracking resistance of the extracted asphalt cores was poor based on the Illinois flexibility index test results. Superpave Performance Grade of the extracted binder indicated excessive aging of the binder because of long exposure to the environment. The brittleness of mix resulting from aging was considered a potential contributor to fatigue cracking of the pavement at this site. A parametric study was conducted to understand the variation of fatigue cracking with the changes in input properties in PMED, namely pavement structural components and material properties. Pavement thickness, roadway densities, and layer moduli of existing underlying pavement were found as the most influential factors. The findings of the parametric study supported the findings of the field and laboratory investigation.
On the Densification of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Mignini Chiara , Virgili Amedeo , Graziani Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The mechanical behavior of cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRAMs) is directly connected to their volumetric properties. Therefore, the objective of the present research was to investigate the effect of different composition factors on the densification of CRAMs. To this aim, a new empirical modeling approach for characterizing and comparing the densification of CRAMs using the gyratory compactor was proposed. The methodology was then applied to CRAMs produced using four gradations, two asphalt emulsions, two cements, various water contents, and several superplasticizer dosages. The densification curves were analyzed using three parameters representing the self-densification, the compactability, and the compaction energy. These parameters were linked using a mathematical model, which was represented using three interrelated pairwise relationships. The results showed that the grading distribution of the CRAMs was the main parameter controlling their densification behavior, whereas the water content and other composition factors played a minor role.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys AA5052-H32 and AA2219-T31 Welded Using Cold Metal Transfer Process
Authors: Rajesh Kannan A. , Mohan Kumar S. , Pramod R. , Siva Shanmugam N. , Palguna Yasam , Vishnukumar M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lightweight structures fabricated from dissimilar aluminum alloys in aerospace and marine industries involve a lot of welding. Aluminum alloys AA5052-H32 and AA2219-T31 were successfully welded with the low heat input welding technology, the cold metal transfer (CMT) process. Microstructures indicated the existence of finer equiaxed dendrites and strengthening precipitates in the weld metal (WM). The microliquefaction cracks were discontinuous and propagated along the grain boundaries and with the grains of α-Al matrix in the WM. The tensile properties of the dissimilar welded joint attained a joint efficiency of 70.1 % and fracture ended in ductile nature with dimples and microvoids. The heat affected zone was narrow and noticed a drop in the hardness at both the interfaces caused by a softening phenomenon, ending up with coarse precipitates having lower hardness.
Error Bounds Related to Midpoint and Trapezoid Rules for the Monotonic Integral Transform of Positive Operators in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Dragomir Silvestru Sever 
Published: October 2021

For a continuous and positive function w(λ), λ > 0 and μ a positive measure on (0, ∞) we consider the followingmonotonic integral transformwhere the integral is assumed to exist forT a positive operator on a complex Hilbert spaceH. We show among others that, if β ≥ A, B ≥ α > 0, and 0 < δ ≤ (B − A)2 ≤ Δ for some constants α, β, δ, Δ, thenandwhere is the second derivative of as a real function.Applications for power function and logarithm are also provided.
Atkafélék okozta, bőrtünetekkel járó humán megbetegedések
Authors: Budai Dóra , Barna Tibor , Nagy Gabriella 
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. Az atkák alosztálya heterogén csoport. Az eltérő
megjelenésű és életformájú atkák növényeken, állatokon és embereken is képesek
különféle megbetegedéseket okozni, melyek csípés, táplálkozás, élősködés,
vektorként terjesztett kórokozók által valósulhatnak meg. Az atkák okozta
betegségek a lokális, spontán szűnő csípéstől egészen a sokszervi elégtelenséget
okozó fertőző betegségig széles skálán mozognak. Munkánk során az atkafélék
által okozott humán megbetegedések előfordulását, klinikai megjelenését,
differenciáldiagnosztikáját, kezelését és közegészségügyi jelentőségét mutatjuk
be. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(36): 1430–1437.
Summary. The Acari subclass is a heterogeneous group. They have
different appearance and lifestyle. They can cause different diseases on plants,
in animals and in humans. These illnesses can be caused by their bites,
nutrition, parasitism and by their endoparasites. The diseases move on a wide
scale from a local, spontaneously disappearing bite to an infection caused
multiorgan failure. We would like to summarize the Acari-caused human diseases’
incidence, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, differential diagnostics, treatments
and public health importance. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(36): 1430–1437.
In 1909 in Italy, a Franciscan Monk Was the First to Discover Electromagnetic Seismic Precursors
Authors: Nardi Adriano , Piersanti Antonio , Ferrara Gabriele 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present to the international scientific community three important works by Father Maccioni adapted into English with several parts literally translated. The investigation into the existence of an electromagnetic (EM) seismic precursor was carried on in Italy in the beginning of the twentieth century and exploited the capabilities of a specifically designed coherer. For several reasons, both the work and the author are widely unknown even in Italy. We think this is likely to be the very first historical case of a study of a seismic precursor of the EM type.