bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hypoferremic response to acute inflammation is maintained in thalassemia mice even under parenteral iron loading
Authors: Sanyear Chanita , Chiawtada Buraporn , Butthep Punnee , Svasti Saovaros , Fucharoen Suthat , Masaratana Patarabutr 
Published: April 2021

Background
Hepcidin controls iron homeostasis by inducing the degradation of the iron efflux protein, ferroportin (FPN1), and subsequently reducing serum iron levels. Hepcidin expression is influenced by multiple factors, including iron stores, ineffective erythropoiesis, and inflammation. However, the interactions between these factors under thalassemic condition remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the hypoferremic and transcriptional responses of iron homeostasis to acute inflammatory induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in thalassemic (Hbbth3/+) mice with/without parenteral iron loading with iron dextran.

Methods
Wild type and Hbbth3/+ mice were intramuscularly injected with 5 mg of iron dextran once daily for two consecutive days. After a 2-week equilibration, acute inflammation was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 1 µg/g body weight of LPS. Control groups for both iron loading and acute inflammation received equal volume(s) of saline solution. Blood and tissue samples were collected at 6 hours after LPS (or saline) injection. Iron parameters and mRNA expression of hepcidin as well as genes involved in iron transport and metabolism in wild type and Hbbth3/+ mice were analyzed and compared by Kruskal–Wallis test with pairwise Mann–Whitney U test.

Results
We found the inductive effects of LPS on liver IL-6 mRNA expression to be more pronounced under parenteral iron loading. Upon LPS administration, splenic erythroferrone (ERFE) mRNA levels were reduced only in iron-treated mice, whereas, liver bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) mRNA levels were decreased under both control and parenteral iron loading conditions. Despite the altered expression of the aforementioned hepcidin regulators, the stimulatory effect of LPS on hepcidin mRNA expression was blunt in iron-treated Hbbth3/+ mice. Contrary to the blunted hepcidin response, LPS treatment suppressed FPN1 mRNA expression in the liver, spleen, and duodenum, as well as reduced serum iron levels of Hbbth3/+ mice with parenteral iron loading.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that a hypoferremic response to LPS-induced acute inflammation is maintained in thalassemic mice with parenteral iron loading in a hepcidin-independent manner.
A Challenging Case of Critical Coronary Trifurcation Disease–Managed Successfully with Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Dighe Sunil , Munde Kalyan , Kalantri Piyush , Bodke Mahesh , Khan Zahidullah 
Published: April 2021

Coronary trifurcation lesions are a complex group of lesions. Percutaneous intervention of such trifurcation lesions which involve left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery and RAMUS artery is difficult task. Trifurcating coronary artery disease is a complex atherosclerotic process involving the origin of one or more of three side branches arising from a main trunk. The approach to treat trifurcation lesions has not been standardized. We describe a technique to percutaneously treat this lesion using routine day-to-day hardware and a unique two guide catheter technique.
We present a case admitted in our hospital with unstable angina. CAG done suggestive of triple vessel disease and later PTCA was done. Staged PTCA was planned Initially RCA and subsequently Trifurcation PTCA was done for left system.No postprocedural complication was observed and then patient was discharged on third day.
Correlation between IL-10 as Cancer Biomarker and Demographic Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Hamad Rahin Sh , Shnawa Bushra H. , Al-Ali Shereen J. 
Published: April 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is classified as one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients of CRC have been shown to express a detectable cytokine in serum which contributes to cancer pathogenesis. Therefore, the serum interleukin 10 (IL-10) level in CRC patients was investigated in this study. Patients' medical records with CRC admitted to the Rizgary and Nanakali hospitals, Erbil, Iraq was analyzed as the study group compared to the healthy volunteers' control group. Seventy-one serum samples were collected, thirty-one from diagnosed CRC patients and forty from healthy controls. The concentrations of IL-10 in the sera were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The present finding showed that IL-10 Was significantly elevated in CRC patients' sera compared to the control group, suggesting confirmation of its usefulness for detecting CRC patients' prognosis. A non-significant Pearson correlation was detected between IL-10 serum levels and the CRC group's age, gender, and body mass index. Herein is the first study on the evaluation of IL-10 levels in CRC patients in Kurdistan, Iraq.
Optimasi Penempatan Exhaust Fan dalam Rumah Dengan CFD
Authors: Sarumaha Yonathan K. A. , Sugondo Amelia 
Published: April 2021

Pengkondisian udara dalam ruangan sangatlah penting. Hal ini dapat mengurangi sick building syndrome (SBS) yang dapat mengganggu aktifitas penghuni. Salah satu cara untuk mengkondisikan udara adalah dengan ventilasi mekanik. Penempatan exhaust fan sebagai ventilasi mekanik guna mendapatkan posisi optimum perlu dikaji. Pengkajian dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi rumah 12.5m x 8.2m menggunakan Autodesk CFD 2019. Simulasi dilakukan pada lima posisi penempatan exhaust fan untuk membandingkan suhu dan kecepatannya pada setiap ruangan.
Hasil dari simulasi didapatkan perbedaan suhu udara dan kecepatan udara dari tiap posisi yang diambil pada setiap ruamgan dan dibandingan dengan Tukey yang digunakan sebagai metode perbandingan. Didapatkan bahwa posisi penempatan exhaust fan tidaklah berpengaruh signifikan. Exhaust fan dapat diletakkan dimana saja didalam ruangan. Yang perlu menjadi perhatian adalah volume udara yang disirkulasikan dalam ruangan, agar udara segar dapat masuk dan mengurangi SBS.
Iterative parameter and order identification for fractional‐order nonlinear finite impulse response systems using the key term separation
Authors: Wang Junwei , Ji Yan , Zhang Chen 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis article considers the parameter estimation for a fractional‐order nonlinear finite impulse response system with colored noise. For the fractional‐order systems, the challenge and difficulty are to identify the order and parameters of the systems simultaneously under colored noise disturbances. In order to reduce the problem of redundant parameter estimation, the output form of the system can be expressed by a linear combination of unknown parameters through the separation of the key term separation. A key term separation auxiliary model gradient‐based iterative algorithm is derived by using the negative gradient search. Meanwhile, to achieve the higher estimation accuracy, we propose a key term separation auxiliary model multiinnovation gradient‐based iterative algorithm by utilizing the multiinnovation theory. Finally, the simulation results test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Sugar Functionalization of Silks with Pathway‐Controlled Substitution and Properties
Authors: Sahoo Jugal Kishore , Hasturk Onur , Choi Jaewon , Montero Maria M. , Descoteaux Marc L. , Laubach Isabel A. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSilk biomaterials are important for applications in biomedical fields due to their outstanding mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and tunable biodegradation. Chemical functionalization of silk by various chemistries can be leveraged to enhance and tune these features and enable the expansion of silk‐based biomaterials into additional fields. Sugars are particularly relevant for intracellular communication, signal transduction events, as well as in hydrated extracellular matrices such as in cartilage, vitreous, and brain tissues. Multiple reaction pathways are demonstrated (carboxylation of serines followed by carbodiimide coupling with glucosamine, carboxylation of tyrosines followed by carbodiimide coupling with glucosamine; direct carbodiimide coupling of the inherent carboxylic acids of silk (aspartic and glutamic acid) with glucosamine) for the covalent conjugation of glucosamine onto silk with characterization by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS), water contact angle (WCA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that different pathways substitute different amounts of glucosamine onto silk chains, with control over resulting material properties, including hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and biological responses. The aqueous processability of these conjugates into functional material formats (films, sponges) is assessed. These new classes of bio‐inspired materials can lead to multifunctional biomaterials for potential applications in different fields of biomedical engineering.
Salty Ice Electrolyte with Superior Ionic Conductivity Towards Low‐Temperature Aqueous Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Sun Yinglun , Ma Hongyun , Zhang Xiaqing , Liu Bao , Liu Lingyang , Zhang Xu , Feng Jianze , Zhang Qingnuan , Ding Yunxia , Yang Bingjun , Qu Liangti , Yan Xingbin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAqueous electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices have attracted considerable attention due to their advantages of low cost and high safety. However, the freeze of aqueous electrolytes usually causes the dramatic loss of ionic conduction capacity, thereby seriously restricting the low‐temperature application of such EES devices. Herein, different from traditional frozen electrolytes, a Zn(ClO4)2 salty ice with superior ionic conductivity (1.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 even at −60 °C) is discovered. It is attributed to the unique 3D ionic transport channels inside such ice, which enables the fast transport of both Zn2+ ions and ClO4− ions inside the ice at low temperatures. Using this Zn(ClO4)2 salty ice as an electrolyte, as‐built zinc ion hybrid capacitor is able to work even at −60 °C (with 74.2% of the room temperature capacity), and exhibits an ultra‐long cycle life of 70 000 cycles at low temperature. This discovery provides a new insight for constructing low‐temperature EES devices using salty ices as electrolytes.
Polypeptides–Drug Conjugates for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Pan , Zhang Peng , Yi Xuan , Xiao Chunsheng , Chen Xuesi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolypeptides are an important class of biodegradable polymers that have been widely used in drug delivery field. Owing to the controllable synthesis and robust side chain‐functionalization ability, polypeptides have long been ideal candidates for conjugation with anticancer drugs. The chemical conjugation of anticancer drugs with polypeptides, termed polypeptides–drug conjugates, has demonstrated several advantages in improving pharmacokinetics, enhancing drug targeting, and controlling drug release, thereby leading to enhanced therapeutic outcomes with reduced side toxicities. This review focuses on the recent advances in the design and preparation of polypeptides–drug conjugates for enhanced anticancer therapy. Strategies for conjugation of different types of drugs, including small‐molecule chemotherapeutic drugs, proteins, vascular disrupting agents, and gas molecules, onto polypeptides backbone are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives on the development of innovative polypeptides–drug conjugates for clinical cancer treatment are also presented.
The Influence of Ligand Density and Degradability on Hydrogel Induced Breast Cancer Dormancy and Reactivation
Authors: Farino Reyes Cindy J. , Pradhan Shantanu , Slater John H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe role of hydrogel properties in regulating the phenotype of triple negative metastatic breast cancer is investigated using four cell lines: the MDA‐MB‐231 parental line and three organotropic sublines BoM‐1833 (bone‐tropic), LM2‐4175 (lung‐tropic), and BrM2a‐831 (brain‐tropic). Each line is encapsulated and cultured for 15 days in three poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogel formulations composed of proteolytically degradable PEG, integrin‐ligating RGDS, and the non‐degradable crosslinker N‐vinyl pyrrolidone. Dormancy‐associated metrics including viable cell density, proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, chemoresistance, phosphorylated‐ERK and ‐p38, and morphological characteristics are quantified. A multimetric classification approach is implemented to categorize each hydrogel‐induced phenotype as: 1) growth, 2) balanced tumor dormancy, 3) balanced cellular dormancy, or 4) restricted survival, cellular dormancy. Hydrogels with high adhesivity and degradability promote growth. Hydrogels with no adhesivity, but high degradability, induce restricted survival, cellular dormancy in the parental line and balanced cellular dormancy in the organotropic lines. Hydrogels with reduced adhesivity and degradability induce balanced cellular dormancy in the parental and lung‐tropic lines and balanced tumor mass dormancy in bone‐ and brain‐tropic lines. The ability to induce escape from dormancy via dynamic incorporation of RGDS is also presented. These results demonstrate that ECM properties and organ‐tropism synergistically regulate cancer cell phenotype and dormancy.
Culture Substrates for Improved Manufacture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies
Authors: Doron Gilad , Temenoff Johnna S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent developments in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies have increased the demand for tools to improve their manufacture, including the selection of optimal culture substrate materials. While many clinical manufacturers use planar tissue culture plastic (TCP) surfaces for MSC production, others have begun exploring the use of alternative culture substrates that present a variety of spatial, mechanical, and biochemical cues that influence cell expansion and resulting cell quality. In this review, the effects of culture and material properties distinct from traditional planar TCP surfaces on MSC proliferation, surface marker expression, and commonly used indications for therapeutic potency are examined. The different properties summarized include the use of alternative culture formats such as cellular aggregates or 3D scaffolds, as well as the effects of culture substrate stiffness and presentation of specific adhesive ligands and topographical cues. Specific substrate properties can be related to greater cell expansion and improvement in specific therapeutic functionalities, demonstrating the utility of culture materials in further improving the clinical‐scale manufacture of highly secretory MSC products.
Recent Advances of Energy Solutions for Implantable Bioelectronics
Authors: Sheng Hongwei , Zhang Xuetao , Liang Jie , Shao Mingjiao , Xie Erqing , Yu Cunjiang , Lan Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe emerging field of implantable bioelectronics has attracted widespread attention in modern society because it can improve treatment outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and lead to an improvement in the quality of life. However, their continuous operation is often limited by conventional bulky and rigid batteries with a limited lifespan, which must be surgically removed after completing their missions and/or replaced after being exhausted. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive review of recent advances in nonconventional energy solutions for implantable bioelectronics, emphasizing the miniaturized, flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable power devices. According to their source of energy, the promising alternative energy solutions are sorted into three main categories, including energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors), internal energy‐harvesting devices (including biofuel cells, piezoelectric/triboelectric energy harvesters, thermoelectric and biopotential power generators), and external wireless power transmission technologies (including inductive coupling/radiofrequency, ultrasound‐induced, and photovoltaic devices). Their fundamentals, materials strategies, structural design, output performances, animal experiments, and typical biomedical applications are also discussed. It is expected to offer complementary power sources to extend the battery lifetime of bioelectronics while acting as an independent power supply. Thereafter, the existing challenges and perspectives associated with these powering devices are also outlined, with a focus on implantable bioelectronics.
Disorder‐Induced Material‐Insensitive Optical Response in Plasmonic Nanostructures: Vibrant Structural Colors from Noble Metals
Authors: Mao Peng , Liu Changxu , Niu Yubiao , Qin Yuyuan , Song Fengqi , Han Min , Palmer Richard E. , Maier Stefan A. , Zhang Shuang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMaterials show various responses to incident light, owing to their unique dielectric functions. A well‐known example is the distinct colors displayed by metals, providing probably the simplest method to identify gold, silver, and bronze since ancient times. With the advancement of nanotechnology, optical structures with feature sizes smaller than the optical wavelength have been routinely achieved. In this regime, the optical response is also determined by the geometry of the nanostructures, inspiring flourishing progress in plasmonics, photonic crystals, and metamaterials. Nevertheless, the nature of the materials still plays a decisive role in light–matter interactions, and this material‐dependent optical response is widely accepted as a norm in nanophotonics. Here, a counterintuitive system—plasmonic nanostructures composed of different materials but exhibiting almost identical reflection—is proposed and realized. The geometric disorder embedded in the system overwhelms the contribution of the material properties to the electrodynamics. Both numerical simulations and experimental results provide concrete evidence of the insensitivity of the optical response to different plasmonic materials. The same optical response is preserved with various materials, providing great flexibility of freedom in material selection. As a result, the proposed configuration may shed light on novel applications ranging from Raman spectroscopy, photocatalysis, to nonlinear optics.
Metal‐Free Organoselenium‐Enabled Radical Relay Azidation‐Carbocyclization
Authors: Wang Xin , Guo Sa , Zhang Yan , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Guisheng , Ye Yong , Sun Kai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn organoselenium‐enabled radical relay Azidation‐carbocyclization reaction for the preparation of azide‐substituted quinoline‐2,4‐diones was developed. A series of previously unknown structurally diverse azide‐ substituted quinoline‐2,4‐diones were obtained under metal‐free and room‐temperature conditions. The key features of this reaction are a broad substrate scope, amenability to gram‐scale synthesis, and easy product derivatization. Preliminary mechanistic studies support participation of an organoselenium species in a radical relay pathway.magnified image
Photochemical Degradation of Organic Matter in the Atmosphere
Authors: Hu Wei , Liu Dandan , Su Sihui , Ren Lujie , Ren Hong , Wei Lianfang , Yue Siyao , Xie Qiaorong , Zhang Zhimin , Wang Zihan , Yang Ning , Wu Libin , Deng Junjun , Qi Yulin , Fu Pingqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic matter in the gas‐phase and particles are important components of the atmosphere. Photochemical degradation is a major transformation pathway of atmospheric organic matter, which changes the atmospherically related life time and the environmental, climatic, and health‐related effects of organic matter, as well as biogeochemical cycles of elements. In addition to field observations and model simulations, laboratory experiments based on smog chambers and flow tubes are important approaches to study the photodegradation mechanisms and influencing factors of atmospheric organics. Isotopic composition is also a useful tracer for photodegradation processes of different organics, for example, carboxylic acids. In this article, research progress on photodegradation of several significant categories of organic pollutants which have aroused widespread concern currently, for example, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, brown carbon, organosulfates/organonitrates, microplastics, and bioaerosols, are reviewed. The effects of different degradation mechanisms including photochemical reactions, heterogeneous aqueous reactions, and microbial degradation are also compared. Although the photodegradation of atmospheric organics has been studied to a certain extent, much more effort should be made to fill the large knowledge gap between the actual and simulated photodegradation processes.
Targeting Lymphoid Tissues to Promote Immune Tolerance
Authors: Chen Xiao Yan , Du Guang Sheng , Sun Xun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe enormous research progress in autoimmune disorders makes the establishment of long‐term clinical tolerance to autoantigens an accessible goal. This strategy endows lymphoid tissues with the tolerogenic ability to induce an unresponsive state toward autoantigens. Lymphoid tissues, as the crossroads, play integral roles in initiating immune activation and immunoregulation. Enormous efforts have driven the exploration of targeting delivery of tolerogenic agents to lymphoid tissues to reverse autoimmune disorders. Herein, the development of various tolerogenic therapies for autoimmune diseases are reviewed, the mechanisms of action from various lymphoid tissues to appropriate cell types by different administration routes are highlighted, and examples of lymphoid tissue‐targeting strategies to improve tolerogenic therapy potency are discussed. First lymph nodes‐targeting strategies for tolerance induction after interstitial or intra‐lymph node (i.LN) injection are summarized, then liver and spleen‐mediated tolerance after intravenous administration are described, and finally oral tolerance‐based therapies are discussed. It is envisioned that tolerogenic therapy will emerge as a novel treatment for autoimmune diseases.
Efficient Hybrid Amorphous Silicon/Organic Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Near‐Infrared Absorbing Nonfullerene Acceptors
Authors: Troughton Joel , Neubert Sebastian , Gasparini Nicola , Villalva Diego Rosas , Bertrandie Jules , Seitkhan Akmaral , Paleti Sri Harish Kumar , Sharma Anirudh , De Bastiani Michele , Aydin Erkan , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , De Wolf Stefaan , Schlatmann Rutger , Baran Derya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMonolithically stacked tandem solar cells present opportunities to absorb more of the sun's radiation while reducing the degree of energetic loss through thermalization. In these applications, the bandgap of the tandem's constituent subcells must be carefully adjusted so as to avoid competition for photons. Organic photovoltaics based on nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently exploded in popularity owing to the ease with which their electrical and optical properties can be tuned through chemistry. Here, highly complementary and efficient 2‐terminal tandem solar cells are reported based on a wide bandgap amorphous silicon absorber, and a narrow bandgap NFA bulk‐heterojunction with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 15%. Interface engineering of this tandem device allows for high PCEs across a wide range of light intensities both above and below “1 sun.” Furthermore, the addition of an inorganic silicon subcell enhances the operational stability of the tandem by reducing the light‐stress experienced by the bulk heterojunction, resolving a long‐standing stumbling block in organic photovoltaic research.