bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: results from evaluating the lig127k simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4)
Authors: Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Brady Esther C. , Zhao Anni , Brierley Chris M. , Axford Yarrow , Capron Emilie , Govin Aline , Hoffman Jeremy S. , Isaacs Elizabeth , Kageyama Masa , Scussolini Paolo , Tzedakis Polychronis C. , Williams Charles J. R. , Wolff Eric , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Braconnot Pascale , Ramos Buarque Silvana , Cao Jian , de Vernal Anne , Guarino Maria Vittoria , Guo Chuncheng , LeGrande Allegra N. , Lohmann Gerrit , Meissner Katrin J. , Menviel Laurie , Morozova Polina A. , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , O'ishi Ryouta , Salas y Mélia David , Shi Xiaoxu , Sicard Marie , Sime Louise , Stepanek Christian , Tomas Robert , Volodin Evgeny , Yeung Nicholas K. H. , Zhang Qiong , Zhang Zhongshi , Zheng Weipeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The modeling of paleoclimate, using physically based tools, is
increasingly seen as a strong out-of-sample test of the models that are used
for the projection of future climate changes. New to the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is the Tier 1
Last Interglacial experiment for 127 000 years ago (lig127k), designed to
address the climate responses to stronger orbital forcing than the
midHolocene experiment, using the same state-of-the-art models as for the future and
following a common experimental protocol. Here we present a first analysis
of a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, all of which have completed
the CMIP6 DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) experiments. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of
these models varies from 1.8 to 5.6 ∘C. The seasonal character of
the insolation anomalies results in strong summer warming over the Northern
Hemisphere continents in the lig127k ensemble as compared to the CMIP6 piControl and
much-reduced minimum sea ice in the Arctic. The multi-model results indicate
enhanced summer monsoonal precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere and
reductions in the Southern Hemisphere. These responses are greater in the
lig127k than the CMIP6 midHolocene simulations as expected from the larger insolation anomalies
at 127 than 6 ka. New synthesis for surface temperature and precipitation, targeted for 127 ka, have been developed for comparison to the multi-model ensemble. The
lig127k model ensemble and data reconstructions are in good agreement for summer
temperature anomalies over Canada, Scandinavia, and the North Atlantic and
for precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere continents. The model–data
comparisons and mismatches point to further study of the sensitivity of the
simulations to uncertainties in the boundary conditions and of the
uncertainties and sparse coverage in current proxy reconstructions. The CMIP6–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison
Project (PMIP4) lig127k simulations, in combination with the proxy record, improve
our confidence in future projections of monsoons, surface temperature, and
Arctic sea ice, thus providing a key target for model evaluation and
optimization.
The Relation between the Position of Maxilla and Rapid Maxillary Expansion Failure
Authors: Celebi Fatih 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The palatal expansion may be a challenging treatment in late adolescents who has passed the peak of skeletal growth. The success rate of palatal expansion in these patients decreases due to decreased growth potential.
Aim: It was aimed to determine any clinical/radiological indicator to be used as a predictor in the failure of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in late adolescence.
Materials and methods: The records of the patients who had undergone RME therapy between the years 2013-2019 were evaluated. The patients were allocated into two groups according to expansion success: successful (S-RME) and failed (F-RME) RME groups. Fifty systemically healthy patients in the cervical vertebral maturation stage 5/6 were enrolled (35 females, 15 males). Eleven patients were (10 females, one male) in the F-RME group, and 39 patients were (25 females, 14 males) in the S-RME group. Five cephalometric (related to maxillary position) and three clinical variables (age, gender, and CVMS) were evaluated. Variables were subjected to multiple logistic regression analysis for setting a prediction model and detecting predictors.
Results: Patients with CVMS-6 had a 16.8-fold higher risk of palatal expansion failure than CVMS-5. 1 mm anterior position of PNS increased the risk of failure 2.9 times. 1 mm reduction in the distance between the PNS and cranial base in the vertical direction increased 60% the risk of RME failure.
Conclusion: The CVM stage of the patient, along with the vertical and sagittal position of the PNS, were found to be the possible predictors of RME success in late adolescence.
THE HIDDEN MEANING OF CODESWITCHES IN SPANISH ENGLISH CONVERSATIONS
Authors: Smith Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Resumen: El análisis de la conversación en dos lenguas desde los puntos de vista de Myers-Scotton, Auer y otros investigadores se usa como base para analizar la conversación en español e inglés en una comunidad hispana de Georgia, EEUU. Indicamos cuáles son las fuerzas y las debilidades en el análisis de estos investigadores para mejorar nuestro análisis, con implicaciones para futuros estudios.
Diversity of microbes colonizing forages of varying lignocellulose properties in the sheep rumen
Authors: Vahidi Mohammad Farhad , Gharechahi Javad , Behmanesh Mehrdad , Ding Xue-Zhi , Han Jian-Lin , Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem 
Published: January 2021

Background
The rumen microbiota contributes strongly to the degradation of ingested plant materials. There is limited knowledge about the diversity of taxa involved in the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomasses with varying chemical compositions in the rumen.

Method
We aimed to assess how and to what extent the physicochemical properties of forages influence the colonization and digestion by rumen microbiota. This was achieved by placing nylon bags filled with candidate materials in the rumen of fistulated sheep for a period of up to 96 h, followed by measuring forage’s chemical characteristics and community structure of biofilm-embedded microbiota.

Results
Rumen degradation for all forages appeared to have occurred mainly during the first 24 h of their incubation, which significantly slowed down after 48 h of rumen incubation, depending on their chemical properties. Random Forest analysis predicted the predominant role of Treponema and Butyrivibrio in shaping microbial diversity attached to the forages during the course of rumen incubation. Exploring community structure and composition of fiber-attached microbiota revealed significant differential colonization rates of forages depending on their contents for NDF and cellulose. The correlation analysis highlighted the significant contribution of Lachnospiraceae and Veillonellaceae to fiber degradation in the sheep rumen.

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that forage cellulose components are critical in shaping the pattern of microbial colonization and thus their final digestibility in the rumen.
Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Jia Keqin , Fleiter Judy , King Mark , Sheehan Mary , Ma Wenjun , Zhang Jianzhen 
Published: January 2021

Jia, K., Fleiter, J., King, M., Sheehan, M., Ma, W., & Zhang, J. (2015). Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 151-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203Aims: To better understand the knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders relating to alcohol use and driving in thecontext of recently amended Chinese legislation, and to investigate the involvement of alcohol-use disorders.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012.Setting and participants: Data were collected at a local jail and 101 participants were recruited while in detention.Measures: Questionnaire items examined demographic characteristics as well as practices and knowledge relating to alcohol useand driving. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess hazardous drinking levels.Findings: Knowledge about the two legal limits for “drink driving” and for “drunk driving” was low, at 28.3% and 41.4%,respectively. AUDIT scores indicated that a substantial proportion of the offenders had high levels of alcohol-use disorders.Higher AUDIT scores were found among the least experienced drivers, those who lacked knowledge about the legal limits, andrecidivist drunk drivers.Conclusions: Limited awareness of legal alcohol limits might contribute to offending; high AUDIT scores suggest thathazardous drinking levels may also contribute. This study provides important information to assist in refining communityeducation and prevention efforts.
Kinome inhibition reveals a role for polo‐like kinase 1 in targeting post‐transcriptional control in cancer
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Qamraa H. , Moghrabi Walid N. , Al‐Yahya Suhad , Al‐Haj Latifa , Al‐Saif Maher , Mahmoud Linah , Al‐Mohanna Falah , Al‐Souhibani Norah , Alaiya Ayodele , Hitti Edward , Khabar Khalid S. A. 
Published: January 2021

Dysfunctions in post‐transcriptional control are observed in cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we employed a kinome inhibitor library (n = 378) in a reporter system selective for 3′‐untranslated region–AU‐rich elements (ARE). Fifteen inhibitors reduced the ARE‐reporter activity; among the targets is the polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1). RNA‐seq experiments demonstrated that the PLK1 inhibitor, volasertib, reduces the expression of cytokine and cell growth ARE mRNAs. PLK1 inhibition caused accelerated mRNA decay in cancer cells and was associated with reduced phosphorylation and stability of the mRNA decay‐promoting protein, tristetraprolin (ZFP36/TTP). Ectopic expression of PLK1 increased abundance and stability of high molecular weight of ZFP36/TTP likely of the phosphorylated form. PLK1 effect was associated with the MAPK‐MK2 pathway, a major regulator of ARE‐mRNA stability, as evident from MK2 inhibition, in vitro phosphorylation, and knockout experiments. Mutational analysis demonstrates that TTP serine 186 is a target for PLK1 effect. Treatment of mice with the PLK1 inhibitor reduced both ZFP36/TTP phosphorylation in xenograft tumor tissues, and the tumor size. In cancer patients' tissues, PLK1/ARE‐regulated gene cluster was overexpressed in solid tumors and associated with poor survival. The data showed that PLK1‐mediated post‐transcriptional aberration could be a therapeutic target.
Transition status of certified nurseries four years after the start of the comprehensive support system for child and child‐rearing: Sendai’s shift to authorized day nurseries
Authors: Suzuki Kenji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlmost five years have passed since the comprehensive support system for child and child‐rearing (CSSCC) commenced in 2015. Many certified nurseries operating on the municipality’s standards have transferred to small‐scale day care services or authorized day nurseries based on national standards. In a previous study, I examined the results of the transition from certified nurseries to small‐scale day care services. In this study, document analyses and visit surveys were conducted with 20 nurseries in Sendai, with the aim of clarifying the actual circumstances of the certified nurseries four years after the system began and the transition from certified nurseries to authorized day nurseries.
Longitudinal Relationship Between Physical Activity and Joint Space Narrowing: Forty‐Eight–Month Follow‐Up Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Hu Bo , Han DongBai , Nevitt Michael C. , Wise Barton L. , Segal Neil A. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether the amount of physical activity (PA) is a determinant of joint space narrowing (JSN) worsening over 48 months in participants with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsData were obtained from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. PA, measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), was defined as the mean value of the annual measurements conducted prior to development of worsening JSN. Worsening JSN was defined as at least a partial grade increase in the Osteoarthritis Research Society International JSN score over 48 months, in comparison with baseline. Restricted cubic spline function was used to group participants based on the linear association between PA and JSN worsening. A pooled logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between PA and JSN worsening adjusted for confounders.ResultsA total of 2,167 participants were included. In total, 625 participants (28.8%) had JSN worsening over 48 months. Compared with a PASE score of 141–180, PASE scores of 101–140 and >220 were associated with an increased risk of JSN worsening in men, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.07–2.81) and 1.83 (95% CI 1.14–2.93), respectively. Similarly, in participants with Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade 2, compared with a PASE score of 141–180, PASE scores of ≤100 and >220 were associated with increased risks of JSN worsening, with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.13–2.54) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.05–2.56), respectively.ConclusionCompared to moderate PA, higher or lower amounts of PA are associated with an elevated risk for JSN worsening in men and in participants with K/L grade 2 knees.
Advanced Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils Contaminated with Diesel Oil at Pilot‐Scale
Authors: Cavalcanti Jorge Vinicius Fernandes Lima , Fraga Tiago José Marques , de Lima Valmir Félix , Dos Santos e Silva Daniella Fartes , Loureiro Leite Mirella De Andrade , do Nascimento Clístenes Williams Araújo , Schuler Alexandre Ricardo Pereira , da Motta Sobrinho Maurício Alves 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiesel‐contaminated soil was treated with Fenton's oxidant, from hydrogen peroxide. Soil samples were collected during the earthmoving of RNEST Oil Refinery (Petrobras). A factorial design 33 evidenced that the concentration of iron ions [Fe2+] was the variable with the most statistically significant effect in all experiments. The oxidation efficiency was found to be 57 % of total organic carbon (TOC) and 78 % of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal. Moreover, the sum of low‐molecular‐weight PAHs on treated soil and the sum of high‐molecular‐weight PAHs was determined. Soil remediation in a pilot‐scale reactor led to a reduction of nearly 80 % in total PAHs. Toxicity assessment with Californian red earthworms as bioindicator evidenced the mineralization of PAHs.
Bis(phenylethynyl)arene Linkers in Tetracationic Bis‐triarylborane Chromophores Control Fluorimetric and Raman Sensing of Various DNAs and RNAs
Authors: Ferger Matthias , Ban Željka , Krošl Ivona , Tomić Sanja , Dietrich Lena , Lorenzen Sabine , Rauch Florian , Sieh Daniel , Friedrich Alexandra , Griesbeck Stefanie , Kenđel Adriana , Miljanić Snežana , Piantanida Ivo , Marder Todd B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report four new luminescent tetracationic bis‐triarylborane DNA and RNA sensors that show high binding affinities, in several cases even in the nanomolar range. Three of the compounds contain substituted, highly emissive and structurally flexible bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl‐4‐ethynyl)arene linkers (3: arene=5,5′‐2,2′‐bithiophene;4: arene=1,4‐benzene;5: arene=9,10‐anthracene) between the two boryl moieties and serve as efficient dual Raman and fluorescence chromophores. The shorter analogue6employs 9,10‐anthracene as the linker and demonstrates the importance of an adequate linker length with a certain level of flexibility by exhibiting generally lower binding affinities than3–5. Pronounced aggregation–deaggregation processes are observed in fluorimetric titration experiments with DNA for compounds3and5. Molecular modelling of complexes of5with AT‐DNA, suggest the minor groove as the dominant binding site for monomeric5, but demonstrate that dimers of5can also be accommodated. Strong SERS responses for3–5versus a very weak response for6, particularly the strong signals from anthracene itself observed for5but not for6, demonstrate the importance of triple bonds for strong Raman activity in molecules of this compound class. The energy of the characteristic stretching vibration of the C≡C bonds is significantly dependent on the aromatic moiety between the triple bonds. The insertion of aromatic moieties between two C≡C bonds thus offers an alternative design for dual Raman and fluorescence chromophores, applicable in multiplex biological Raman imaging.
Last of the gem‐Difluorocycloalkanes 2: Synthesis of Fluorinated Cycloheptane Building Blocks
Authors: Herasymchuk Maksym , Melnykov Kostiantyn P. , Yarmoliuk Dmytro V. , Serhiichuk Dmytro , Rotar Valeriia , Pukhovoi Timur , Kuchkovska Yuliya O. , Holovach Sergey , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe gem‐difluorocycloalkane family was extended to all possible regioisomers of the gem‐difluorocycloheptane, monofunctionalized by carboxilic‐, amino‐ or keto‐ group, that were synthesized on a multigram scale. The preparation of the corresponding building blocks was achieved from readily accessible starting materials either via six‐membered ring homologation or deoxofluorination of the appropriate seven‐membered cyclic ketones.
Analysis of nonleukemic cellular subcompartments reconstructs clonal evolution of acute myeloid leukemia and identifies therapy‐resistant preleukemic clones
Authors: Saeed Borhan R. , Manta Linda , Raffel Simon , Pyl Paul Theodor , Buss Eike C. , Wang Wenwen , Eckstein Volker , Jauch Anna , Trumpp Andreas , Huber Wolfgang , Ho Anthony D. , Lutz Christoph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo acquire a better understanding of clonal evolution of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to identify the clone(s) responsible for disease recurrence, we have comparatively studied leukemia‐specific mutations by whole‐exome‐sequencing (WES) of both the leukemia and the nonleukemia compartments derived from the bone marrow of AML patients. The T‐lymphocytes, B‐lymphocytes and the functionally normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), that is, CD34+/CD38−/ALDH+ cells for AML with rare‐ALDH+ blasts (<1.9% ALDH+ cells) were defined as the nonleukemia compartments. WES identified 62 point‐mutations in the leukemia compartment derived from 12 AML‐patients at the time of diagnosis and 73 mutations in 3 matched relapse cases. Most patients (8/12) showed 4 to 6 point‐mutations per sample at diagnosis. Other than the mutations in the recurrently mutated genes such as DNMT3A, NRAS and KIT, we were able to identify novel point‐mutations that have not yet been described in AML. Some leukemia‐specific mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities including DNMT3A(R882H), EZH2(I146T) and inversion(16) were also detectable in the respective T‐lymphocytes, B‐lymphocytes and HSC in 5/12 patients, suggesting that preleukemia HSC might represent the source of leukemogenesis for these cases. The leukemic evolution was reconstructed for five cases with detectable preleukemia clones, which were tracked in follow‐up and relapse samples. Four of the five patients with detectable preleukemic mutations developed relapse. The presence of leukemia‐specific mutations in these nonleukemia compartments, especially after chemotherapy or after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, is highly relevant, as these could be responsible for relapse. This discovery may facilitate the identification of novel targets for long‐term cure.
Long‐term Outcomes of Juvenile Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis with Pulmonary Involvement
Authors: Yang Qingwen , Li Yanru , Ma Lijing , Xiao Yang , Wang Huijun , Ding Yiming , Hu Rong , Wang Xiaoyi , Meng Lingzhen , Wang Jun , Xu Wen 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) with or without pulmonary involvement.MethodsA group of patients with JORRP who had clinical course over an extended period of time (at least 5 years) in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital were included in this retrospective study. Lung/bronchus involvement was revealed by lung imaging. Data on mortality rate, frequency of surgical interventions, and age of disease onset were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe 192 patients (107 male and 85 female) included had a median [quartiles] age of JORRP onset of 2 [1, 4] years, and median follow‐up duration of 10 [7, 13] years; 17 patients (8.9%) had papilloma with bronchial and pulmonary involvement 7.0 [4.0, 12.5] years after the onset of the disease. Compared to patients without lung involvement, patients with lung involvement had a younger age of disease onset (P = .001), higher frequency of surgical interventions (P < .001), higher mortality rate (OR = 94.909), and an increased risk of tracheotomy that could not be decannulated (P < .001). They also had a younger age of disease onset, and a higher frequency of surgical interventions and mortality compared to patients with tracheotomy but free from lung involvement (P < .001).ConclusionsChildren with JORRP and with pulmonary involvement have a higher average number of operations per year than those without pulmonary involvement, and pulmonary involvement indicates a higher incidence of tracheotomy that cannot be decannulated.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2277–E2283, 2021
Colibacillary arthritis and severe osteomyelitis in lame goat kids due to management procedures
Authors: Prins Sander , Junker Karin , Lievaart‐Peterson Karianne , Sargison Neil D. , Vellema Piet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLameness in the hindquarters was seen in twenty goat kids out of a group of 90 on a dairy goat farm. Initial treatment with antibiotics and NSAID's did not improve the condition. At necropsy in eight kids, a multi‐resistant Escherichia coli was isolated from affected femurs, strongly indicative of colibaccilary osteomyelitis. In addition, with 573–915 mg/kg dry matter, liver copper concentrations were increased. Predisposing factors for osteomyelitis were poor colostrum quality, stress as a consequence of multiple simultaneous management procedures, preventive use of antibiotics, and elevated liver copper concentrations in the kids. To prevent future outbreaks, it was advised to improve colostrum management, reduce stress by spreading procedures such as vaccinations, disbudding, and dietary changes. Antibiotic treatments should be used only to treat individual kids, and not preventively. Elevated liver copper should be reduced by minimising the copper content in milk replacer.