bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for improved prognosis of colorectal cancer diagnosed following the detection of iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Almilaji Orouba , Parry Sally D. , Docherty Sharon , Snook Jonathon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is common in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially, in right-sided CRC which is known to have an overall worse prognosis. The associations between diagnostic pathway (Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP), IDA, symptomatic) and tumour side/stage was assessed using logistic regression models in 1138 CRC cases presenting during 2010–2016 at a single secondary-care centre in the UK. In the IDA sub-group, the relationship between CRC stage and the event of having a blood count prior to CRC diagnosis was examined using Bayesian parametric survival model. IDA was found as the only significant predictor of right-sided CRC (OR 10.61, 95% CI 7.02–16.52). Early-stage CRC was associated with both the IDA (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.18–2.29) and BCSP pathway (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.75–3.37). At any age, the risk of detecting CRC at late-stage was higher in those without a previous blood count check (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% credibility interval 1.08–2.14). The findings of this retrospective observational study suggest a benefit from diagnosing CRC through the detection of IDA, and warrant further research into the prognosis benefit of systematic approach to blood count monitoring of the at-risk population.
The pan-cancer landscape of crosstalk between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune evasion relevant to prognosis and immunotherapy response
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Xu Dandan , Zhang Zicheng , Li Xinhui , Shi Jiaqi , Sun Jie , Liu Huan-Zhong , Li Xiaobo , Zhou Meng , Zheng Tongsen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn emerging body of evidence has recently recognized the coexistence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune response. However, a systems-level view and survey of the interplay between EMT and immune escape program, and their impact on tumor behavior and clinical outcome across various types of cancer is lacking. Here, we performed comprehensive multi-omics analyses to characterize the landscape of crosstalk between EMT and immune evasion and their clinical relevance across 17 types of solid cancer. Our study showed the presence of complex and dynamic immunomodulatory crosstalk between EMT and immune evasion shared by pan-cancer, and the crosstalk was significantly associated with cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response. Integrative quantitative analyses of genomics and immunogenomics revealed that cellular composition of immune infiltrates, non-synonymous mutation burden, chromosomal instability and oncogenic gene alterations are associated with the balance between EMT and immune evasion. Finally, we proposed a scoring model termed EMT-CYT Index (ECI) to quantify the EMT-immunity axis, which was a superior predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy response across different malignancies. By providing a systematic overview of crosstalk between EMT and immune evasion, our study highlights the potential of pan-cancer EMT-immunity crosstalk as a paradigm for dissecting molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression and guiding more effective and generalized immunotherapy strategies.
Airborne geophysical surveys of the lower Mississippi Valley demonstrate system-scale mapping of subsurface architecture
Authors: Minsley Burke J. , Rigby J. R. , James Stephanie R. , Burton Bethany L. , Knierim Katherine J. , Pace Michael D. M. , Bedrosian Paul A. , Kress Wade H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Mississippi Alluvial Plain hosts one of the most prolific shallow aquifer systems in the United States but is experiencing chronic groundwater decline. The Reelfoot rift and New Madrid seismic zone underlie the region and represent an important and poorly understood seismic hazard. Despite its societal and economic importance, the shallow subsurface architecture has not been mapped with the spatial resolution needed for effective management. Here, we present airborne electromagnetic, magnetic, and radiometric observations, measured over more than 43,000 flight-line-kilometers, which collectively provide a system-scale snapshot of the entire region. We develop detailed maps of aquifer connectivity and shallow geologic structure, infer relationships between structure and groundwater age, and identify previously unseen paleochannels and shallow fault structures. This dataset demonstrates how regional-scale airborne geophysics can close a scale gap in Earth observation by providing observational data at suitable scales and resolutions to improve our understanding of subsurface structures.
Speech Movement Variability in People Who Stutter: A Vocal Tract Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Wiltshire Charlotte E. E. , Chiew Mark , Chesters Jennifer , Healy Máiréad P. , Watkins Kate E. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
People who stutter (PWS) have more unstable speech motor systems than people who are typically fluent (PWTF). Here, we used real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the vocal tract to assess variability and duration of movements of different articulators in PWS and PWTF during fluent speech production.

Method
The vocal tracts of 28 adults with moderate to severe stuttering and 20 PWTF were scanned using MRI while repeating simple and complex pseudowords. Midsagittal images of the vocal tract from lips to larynx were reconstructed at 33.3 frames per second. For each participant, we measured the variability and duration of movements across multiple repetitions of the pseudowords in three selected articulators: the lips, tongue body, and velum.

Results
PWS showed significantly greater speech movement variability than PWTF during fluent repetitions of pseudowords. The group difference was most evident for measurements of lip aperture using these stimuli, as reported previously, but here, we report that movements of the tongue body and velum were also affected during the same utterances. Variability was not affected by phonological complexity. Speech movement variability was unrelated to stuttering severity within the PWS group. PWS also showed longer speech movement durations relative to PWTF for fluent repetitions of multisyllabic pseudowords, and this group difference was even more evident as complexity increased.

Conclusions
Using real-time MRI of the vocal tract, we found that PWS produced more variable movements than PWTF even during fluent productions of simple pseudowords. PWS also took longer to produce multisyllabic words relative to PWTF, particularly when words were more complex. This indicates general, trait-level differences in the control of the articulators between PWS and PWTF.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14782092
Providing Aphasia Therapy Across Health Care Settings: Clinical Simulation in the Academic Classroom
Authors: Smith Kimberly G. , Hill Grayson , Brown Gidget , Hudson Kendra , McVay Karen 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine whether a free, video-based simulation activity implemented in a first-year graduate speech-language pathology class would improve students' confidence with assessment and treatment of persons with aphasia across health care settings.

Method
Assessment of a fictional patient with aphasia was presented for four settings: acute care, inpatient rehabilitation, home health, and outpatient rehabilitation in video format. Goals were written collaboratively, and therapy techniques were practiced in small groups with direction from clinical instructors. Pre- and posttests assessed change in students' confidence with assessment and treatment of patients with aphasia across health care settings. Students also listed the factors a speech-language pathologist should consider that would impact a patient's functional rehabilitation in any health care setting.

Results
Students' confidence improved from pre to post for each clinical skill and health care setting presented in the simulation activity. The simulation activity did not, however, affect the speech-language pathology students' ability to identify factors that would impact a patient's functional rehabilitation across health care settings, such as patient motivation and comorbidities.

Conclusion
Overall, the results suggest that a free, accessible video-based simulation can be used to facilitate student learning, when challenges such as cost and accessibility limit the use and implementation of simulation and standardized patient experiences in university settings.
A FR4‐based compact VCO with wide tuning range using SISL transformed triple‐tanks
Authors: Fu Haipeng , Ma Kaige , Ma Kaixue , Wang Yongqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work proposes a compact voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) using the transformer‐based triple‐tanks on substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) platform for 5G applications. In order to broaden the tuning range, the varactors are loaded on the second tank to avoid the effect of parasitic capacitance of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) on the tuning range, and compact transformed triple‐tanks are designed to decrease the parasitic capacitance. By using a compact transformed triple‐tanks and double layers wiring technology, the core circuit area is only 0.1λg × 0.1λg, which is the smallest among the reported board‐level VCOs. Although the low‐cost FR4 is chosen, the phase noise is still acceptable by adopting cross‐coupled topology and multi‐tanks technology. The measured results show that the VCO exhibits a wide tuning range of 28.9% from 2.88 to 3.85 GHz, and the best phase noise is –119.45 dBc/Hz @1 MHz at 3.76 GHz.
DAN‐Conv: Depth aware non‐local convolution for LiDAR depth completion
Authors: Yan Lin , Liu Kai , Gao Long 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSparse LiDAR depth completion is a beneficial task for many robotic applications. It commonly generates a dense depth prediction from a sparse depth map and its corresponding aligned RGB image. This image‐guided depth completion task mainly has two challenges: sparse data processing and multi‐modality data fusion. In this letter, they are dealt with by two novel solutions: (1) To efficiently process sparse depth input, a Depth Aware Non‐local Convolution (DAN‐Conv) is proposed. It augments the spatial sampling locations of a convolution operation. Specifically, DAN‐Conv constructs a non‐local neighbourhood relationship by exploiting the intrinsic correlation among observable depth pixels. In particular, it can readily replace standard convolution without introducing additional network parameters. (2) A Symmetric Co‐attention Module (SCM) is proposed to fuse and enhance features from depth and image domain. It estimates the importance of complementary features by the co‐attention mechanism. Finally, a neural network built on DAN‐Conv and SCM is proposed. It achieves competitive performance on the challenging KITTI depth completion benchmark. Comparing to approaches with approximate accuracy, this lightweight network requires significantly fewer learnable parameters.
Grid voltage sensor fault‐tolerant control for single‐phase two‐level PWM rectifier
Authors: Gong Zifeng , Huang Deqing , Ma Lei , Qin Na , Jadoon Habib Ullah Khan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is to address the problem of robust grid voltage sensor fault‐tolerant control for a single‐phase two‐level rectifier. First, considering a rectifier with disturbances and grid voltage sensor fault, the standard switched system model is constructed. Based on identical transformation, the original system is converted into an augmented system. In the augmented system, the information of the grid voltage sensor fault is included in the state vector. Second, an unknown input observer is designed for the augmented system for sensor fault estimation. The observer error is totally robust against independent deterministic disturbances. In addition, the effect of the disturbance caused by unknown disturbances or a modelling error is minimised with respect to a prescribed H∞ performance index. Finally, the sensor fault‐tolerant control is realised by fault compensation technique, which protects the rectifier from serious performance degradation in the presence of the grid voltage sensor fault. The proposed fault‐tolerant control strategy requires no supplementary hardware and all the inputs involved in the algorithm are directly available. Simulation and experimental results are exhibited to illustrate the capability of the proposed method to tolerate the grid voltage sensor fault.
Modelling of brushless doubly fed reluctance machines based on reluctance network model
Authors: Kenmoe Fankem Eric Duckler , Kendeg Onla Clement Junior , Xiaoyan Wang , Dountio Tchioffo Alix , Effa Joseph Yves 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe modelling and analysis of Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machines (BDFRMs), taking into account magnetic saturation and rotor movement, by conventional modelling techniques are very difficult, if not impossible, because the two stator windings have different number of poles leading to a complex flux pattern. To overcome this drawback, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is generally used for modelling and analysing BDFRMs. But it requires a considerable computational time compared with semi‐analytical methods. This article, therefore, steps forward by proposing a new approach to dynamical modelling of BDFRM based on the Reluctance Network Method (RNM), which can enable accurate calculation of the electromagnetic parameters and performances of BDFRMs. Indeed, the reluctance network method offers an interesting compromise between precision and computation time compared to finite element analysis. To validate the proposed model, simulations are carried out and comparison are made with FEA. It is observed that the greatest error between the values of the proposed model and those from FEA is close to 1%. The accuracy in the calculation of electromagnetic parameters, as well as the computational time leads us to the conclusion that the proposed model could be suitable for optimisation and control purposes.
Simulations and experiments of the generation apparatus of the DC electric field with the space charge
Authors: Wang Yanzhao , Zhang Jiangong , Gan Zheyuan , Xu Jilai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo make accurate measurements, field mills must be calibrated in a known DC electric field space charge in which the quantities can be control1ed. A simulation model of the generation apparatus of the electric field with a space charge has been built. Based on the combination of the electric field and the transfer of a dilute substances model, the influence of openings in the metal screen was calculated. Simulation results showed that the opening size of the high‐voltage electrode has a great influence on the distribution of the electric field and ion density at the calibration zone. Next, a generation apparatus was designed and developed and ion mobility was researched. The experimental results showed that ion mobility decreased with an increase in electric field strength. However, ion mobility tends to be saturated when the electric field reaches a certain critical value. Two fitting formulas of ion mobility of positive and negative charge are proposed that can be used to predicate ion mobility in a high electric field.
Towards multilingual end‐to‐end speech recognition for air traffic control
Authors: Lin Yi , Yang Bo , Guo Dongyue , Fan Peng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, an end‐to‐end framework is proposed to achieve multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) in air traffic control (ATC) systems. Considering the standard ATC procedure, a recurrent neural network (RNN) based framework is selected to mine the temporal dependencies among speech frames. Facing the distributed feature space caused by the radio transmission, a hybrid feature embedding block is designed to extract high‐level representations, in which multiple convolutional neural networks are designed to accommodate different frequency and temporal resolutions. The residual mechanism is performed on the RNN layers to improve the trainability and the convergence. To integrate the multilingual ASR into a single model and relieve the class imbalance, a special vocabulary is designed to unify the pronunciation of the vocabulary in Chinese and English, i.e., pronunciation‐oriented vocabulary. The proposed model is optimized by the connectionist temporal classification loss and is validated on a real‐world speech corpus (ATCSpeech). A character error rate of 4.4% and 5.9% is achieved for Chinese and English speech, respectively, which outperforms other popular approaches. Most importantly, the proposed approach achieves the multilingual ASR task in an end‐to‐end manner with considerable high performance.
Evaluation of the E‐polarization focusing ability in Thz range for microsize cylindrical parabolic reflector made of thin dielectric layer sandwiched between graphene
Authors: Oğuzer Taner , Altıntaş Ayhan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider two‐dimensional (2‐D) thin dielectric parabolic reflector, covered with graphene from both sides, illuminated symmetrically by an E‐polarized electromagnetic plane wave. Our aim is to estimate the focussing ability of such a composite reflector depending on the graphene parameters. We use a version of the two‐side generalized boundary condition, modified for a thin multilayer case. The scattering is formulated as an electromagnetic boundary‐value problem; it is cast to a set of two coupled singular integral equations that are further subjected to analytical regularisation based on the known Riemann–Hilbert problem solution. Thanks to this procedure, the numerical results are computed from a Fredholm second‐kind matrix equation that guarantees convergence and provides easily controlled accuracy. In the lower part of the THz range, high values of the focusing ability are observed even for a thin reflector; they are greater than for a purely dielectric reflector and a free standing graphene reflector. On the other hand, a regime of almost full transparency, intrinsic for the dielectric layer, can spoil focusing ability. Novel aspect is that the location in frequency of this effect can be controlled, in wide range, by changing the chemical potential of graphene.
Fully FPGA‐based implementation of a modified control strategy for power electronic transformer in railway traction applications
Authors: Akbariavaz Khalil , Fazel Seyed Saeed , Khosravi Mahyar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to its several advantages (especially low volume and weight), power electronic transformer has gained notable attraction in railway applications. The main focus of this work is devoted to development a fully filed programmable gate array (FPGA)‐based control platform for power electronic transformer in the aforementioned application. Due to the parallel processing of FPGAs that results in a faster control algorithm execution, reliable operation (which is of major importance in traction applications) is guaranteed. For this purpose, an input series output parallel power electronic transformer structure is built, and various considerations for reliable and stable operation of the power electronic transformer in traction applications, such as safe start‐up and bidirectional power flow, along with the required control and pulse generation schemes, have been designed and implemented in a Xilinx FPGA control platform. Moreover, a modified control algorithm is proposed for controlling the power electronic transformer in a simple and more reliable manner. This control scheme is developed based on the output voltage of the DC–DC–LLC resonant converter, and can effectively control the sum of rectifier DC‐link voltages and track the input sine reference current, with a lower number of required sensors. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposal has been tested from various aspects by experimental tests.
Problems of forming a positive consciousness of people in the conditions of digitalization of society
Authors: Saraev Nikolay , Pratsko Gennady , Korolenko Irina , Marchenko Ekaterina 
Published: June 2021

The insufficient level of legal awareness of Russian citizens is a serious problem of ensuring the rule of law and the rule of law, forms a general destructive background that prevents the formation of an effective system for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. Important factors that influence the formation of a positive legal consciousness are the quality level of education and training in educational institutions, the consolidation and development of the basics of legal consciousness in students, changes in the quality of education and training in educational institutions, including the consolidation and development of the tradition of respect for the law as the prevailing model of social behavior.
It is at school age that active legal socialization takes place. The main burden in the formation of values for law-abiding behavior should be taken by school legal education.
The purpose of the study was to study the regularities of the educational process for the formation of students ' positive legal awareness, the development of value orientations on the inadmissibility of illegal manifestations in the future.
In the complex of methodological approaches developed in Russian pedagogy, the system-forming and adequate task of forming the legal culture of students is the methodology of the personality-oriented approach and the set of interrelated pedagogical principles of its implementation.
These studies indicate the need to review the vector of measures carried out in accordance with the Fundamentals of State Policy aimed at minimizing nihilism. In the context of the introduction of digital technologies that provide access to legal information, minors relate the surrounding formations from the point of view of the law, focusing not on the process, but on the final result. However, the manifestations of the discrepancy between the legal reality and the fixed normative attitudes cause legal frustration, which often manifests itself in sthenic forms.
The results of the study allowed us to come to a conclusion about the state of legal dissatisfaction of minors, due to the discrepancy between the theoretical provisions of the law and law enforcement at the active level of the value-semantic personal sphere. For the purpose of more in-depth scientific research, we believe it is appropriate to designate this social phenomenon as legal deprivation of minors.
The specifics of the content of legal education allow us to implement it in the following forms: subject, inter-subject, educational, institutional, project. The most appropriate approach is an integrated approach that combines all of the above forms.