bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of prophylactic interventional therapy of internal iliac artery balloon occlusion in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa and accreta: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Daijuan , Xu Jinfeng , tian Yuan , Ye Pengfei , Zhao Fumin , Liu Xinghui , Wang Xiaodong , Peng Bing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Placenta previa and accreta are serious obstetric conditions that are associated with a high risk of intraoperative massive hemorrhage, the prophylactic intravascular balloon occlusion technique is increasingly used in managing uncontrolled hemorrhage in cesarean section (CS). We aim to examine the clinical effectiveness of prophylactic interventional therapy of the internal iliac artery balloon occlusion (PBOIIA) during CS in improving maternal outcomes for patients with placenta previa and accreta. Methods: A total of 420 women with placenta previa and accreta who underwent CS from January 2014 to December 2018 were included retrospectively. Patients were divided into balloon group in which patients had PBOIIA (n=248) and the control group in which patients did not have PBOIIA (n=172). Meanwhile, we performed a subgroup analysis in whether taking PTUI surgery. Information on conditions of patients and newborns, perioperative blood indicators, surgical outcomes were collected.Results: Median estimated blood loss (mEBL) was 2200mL in the balloon group and 2150mL in the control group respectively, there was no significant difference between two-groups comparison (P＞0.05). The rate of patients with hysterectomy (36.3% verus 35.5%) and amount of PRBCs transfused [(0-31.5) verus 3 (0-39)] were not different between two groups (P＞0.05). However, the total hospitalization costs (7044.4±1708.0 verus 5793.6±2263.8) and surgery costs (3074.2±404.9 verus 1829.7±485.8) in balloon group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed PTUI surgery had no significant differences in EBL ((P＞0.05), but it could significantly decrease hysterectomy rates (P＜0.05).Conclusions: PBOIIA has no significant effect on reducing intraoperative EBL and hysterectomy rate in patients with placenta previa and accreta, but it significantly increases the financial cost for patients. PBOIIA should not be routinely recommended to patients with placenta previa and accreta.
May the Palps Be With You – New Insights Into the Evolutionary Origin of Anterior Appendages in Terebelliformia (Annelida)
Authors: Kalke Paul , Beckers Patrick , Helm Conrad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Head appendages in Annelida highly contribute to the immense morphological diversity in this lophotrochozoan taxon. Nevertheless, the evolutionary origin of annelid antennae, palps, cirri and tentacles are part of vast theories and debates that took place over decades. One of these heavily discussed groups are the Terebelliformia, which bear numerous anterior tentacles originating from different regions of the head. The question, whether these tentactes are homologous to feeding palps in other annelids or if these structures evolved convergently in terebellids and the remaining taxa, was highly debated in the past. Results: By using morphological methods including immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, Azan-stained serial sections and 3D-visualisation, we are able to shed new light and a fresh look on the old question of the evolutionary origin of the buccal tentacles and their associated head structures in Terebelliformia. Our investigations show that the brains of the ampharetid Hypania invalida and the aulophora larvae of Lanice conchilega (Terebellidae) consist of a dorsal, more prominent and a more slender, ventral brain region. Neurite bundles innervating the buccal tentacles split off from the ventral and dorsal root within the ventral brain region and thus originate from the dorsal and ventral root of the circumoesophageal connectives. Hence, the observed neurite bundles fulfil the morphological criteria for the innervating neurite bundles of feeding palps known from Paleoannelida.Conclusions: We disagree with former conclusions that buccal tentacles are part of the alimentary canal. Based on the presented data, the buccal tentacles of terebelliformian taxa can be homologized with feeding palps of other Annelida. Our comparative investigations reveal important insights into morphological changes during the evolution of anterior head appendages in Terebelliformia and Annelida in general. Nevertheless, our analyses also illustrate the gaps in knowledge and that more investigations throughout the annelid tree are necessary to explain and understand the huge diversity of annelid anterior appendages.
Does Cognitive Load Affect Eye Movements/Oculomotor Behavior in Natural Scenes?
Authors: Walter Kerri , Bex Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience researchers have identified relationships between cognitive load and eye movement behavior that are consistent with oculomotor biomarkers for neurological disorders. We develop an adaptive visual search paradigm that manipulates task difficulty and examine the effect of cognitive load on oculomotor behavior in healthy young adults. Participants (N=30) free-viewed a sequence of 100 natural scenes for 10 seconds each, while their eye movements were recorded. After each image, participants completed a 4 alternative forced choice task in which they selected a target object from the previously viewed scene, among 3 distracters of the same object type but from alternate scenes. Following two correct responses, the target object was selected from an image increasingly farther back (N-back) in the image stream; following an incorrect response, N decreased by 1. N-back thus quantifies and individualizes cognitive load. The results show that response latencies increased as N-back increased, and pupil diameter increased with N-back, before decreasing at very high N-back. These findings are consistent with previous studies and confirm that this paradigm was successful in actively engaging working memory, and successfully adapts task difficulty to individual subject’s skill levels. We hypothesized that oculomotor behavior would covary with cognitive load. However, there were no significant differences between the number or duration of fixations and saccades for high/low performing subjects, or between high/low performing trials for a given subject. Similarly, oculomotor behavior did not act as a predictor of correct/incorrect responses with increasing demand from the N-back task. Similarly, the proportion of each scene viewed was not related to N-back and was not a significant predictor of accuracy. These results suggest that cognitive load can be tracked with an adaptive visual search task, but that oculomotor strategies generally do not change as a result of greater cognitive demand in healthy adults.
A Risk Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients during Anti-tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Du Zhi xiang , Chang Fang , Wang Zi jian , Zhou Da ming , Li Yang , Yang Jiang hua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is not a rare complication during anti-tuberculosis treatment in some pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. We aimed to develop a risk prediction model to early recognize PTB patients at high risk of AKI during anti-TB treatment.Methods In this retrospective cohort study, clinical baseline, and laboratory test data of 315 inpatients with active PTB from January 2019 and June 2020 were screened for predictive factors. The factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was established by the results of the logistic regression analysis. The prediction model discrimination and calibration were evaluated by the concordance index (C-Index), ROC Curve, and Hosmer-Lemeshow analysis.Results 7 factors (Microalbuminuria, Hematuria, CYS-C, Albumin, eGFR, BMI and CA-125) are acquired to develop the predictive model. According to the logistic regression, Microalbuminuria (OR=3.038, 95% CI 1.168-7.904), Hematuria (OR=3.656, 95% CI 1.325-10.083), CYS-C (OR=4.416, 95% CI 2.296-8.491), CA-125 (OR=3.93, 95% CI 1.436-10.756) were risk parameter and ALB (OR=0.741, 95% CI 0.650-0.844) was protective parameter. The nomogram demonstrated a good prediction in estimating AKI. C-Index= 0.967, AUC=0.967, 95% CI (0.941-0.984) Sensitivity=91.04%, Specificity=93.95%, Hosmer-Lemeshow analysis SD=0.00054, Quantile of absolute error=0.049. Conclusion Microalbuminuria, Hematuria, Albumin reduction, elevated CYS-C, and CA125 are predictive factors for AKI in PTB patients during anti-tuberculosis treatments. The predictive nomogram based on five predictive factors is achieved a good risk prediction of AKI during anti-tuberculosis treatments.
Cu-doping SnO2-NiO p-n Heterostructure for Significant Raman Enhancement with EF &gt; 1010: Toward Ultrasensitive VOCs Sensing
Authors: Tian Yang , Zhou Yan , Gu Qingyi , Qiu Tianzhu , He Xiao , Chen Jinquan , Qi Ruijuan , Huang Rong , Zheng Tingting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on chemical mechanism (CM) has attracted tremendous attention for its great selectivity and stability. However, extremely low enhancement factor (EF) limits its practical applications for trace detection. Here, a novel sponge-like Cu-doping SnO2-NiO p-n semiconductor heterostructure (SnO2-NiOx/Cu), was first designed and created as a CM-based SERS substrate with a significant EF of 1.66 × 1010. This remarkable EF was mainly attributed to the enhanced charge-separation efficacy of p-n heterojunction and charge transfer resonance resulted from Cu doping. Moreover, the porous sponge structure enriched the probe molecules, resulting in further SERS signals magnification. By immobilizing copper phthalocyanine as an inner-reference element, SnO2-NiOx/Cu was developed as a SERS nose for selective recognition of multiple lung cancer related-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) down to ppb level. The information of VOCs was recorded in a barcode, demonstrating practical potential of a desktop SERS device for biomarker screening.
Glucose fluctuation Impact on Delayed Cerebral Infarction and 30 Days Mortality in Aneurysm SAH: A Retrospective Study in Neurocritical Care Unit
Authors: Wu Qian , Tao Liyuan , Zhong Lianmei , Liu Li-ping , Mi Donghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia was associated with delayed cerebral infraction (DCI) and poor outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients. However, the influence of glucose fluctuation on DCI and mortality in aSAH patients was still unclear. Objective This study aimed to clarify the relationship of glucose fluctuation and DCI occurrence or 30 days mortality in aSAH patients who were admitted in Neurocritical Unit (NCU). Methods A total of 341 patients with aSAH were retrospectively recruited and studied. Continuous 14-day fasting blood glucose was collected and divided into four groups: stable, unstable, well-controlled, bad-controlled. Risk factors that were associated with glucose fluctuation, DCI occurrence and 30 days mortality was analyzed.Results Many risk factors, such as Age (59.09±11.95), Diabetes history, SBP (162.91±20.85), BUN (5.50±1.80), HA1c (7.12±1.65), BGV (0.32±0.11), Hunt-Hess Score (2.59±0.97), GCS Score (10.68±4.23), Hydrocephalus in Forth ventricle, Third ventricle and Lateral ventricles, are associated with glucose fluctuation. Bad controlled group has the highest mortality (15.91%), then unstable (13.04%), well-controlled (6.45%), and stable group (1.42%). The unstable group has the highest incidence of DCI (39.13%), then bad-controlled (29.55%), the stable (17.92%) and well-controlled (17.74%). Conclusions Unstable and bad-controlled glucose during NCU admission was associated with DCI and 30 days mortality of aSAH patients.
Identifying ENSO-Related Interannual and Decadal Variability on Terrestrial Water Storage
Authors: Cheon Se-Hyeon , Hamlington Benjamin , Reager John , Chandanpurkar Hrishikesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We apply two statistical techniques to satellite measurements to identify a relationship between terrestrial water storage (TWS) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). First, we modified and used the least-squares regression of a previous study using longer records. Second, we applied a cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis (CSEOF). Although the CSEOF technique is distinct from the LSR in that it does not consider proxies, each method produces two modes (decadal and interannual), showing consistency with each technique in spatial pattern and its evolution amplitudes. We also compared the results obtained by the two methods for 30 watersheds, of which five watersheds were compared with previous studies. The combination of the two modes explains the total variance in most river-basins showing the role that interannual and decadal ENSO-related signals in understanding terrestrial water storage variability. The results show that the decadal mode, along with the interannual mode, also plays an important role in describing the local TWS.
Associations of Exercise Tolerance and Clinical Parameters in Japanese Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Tashiro Hiroki , Takahashi Koichiro , Tanaka Masahide , Sadamatsu Hironori , Kurihara Yuki , Tajiri Ryo , Takamori Ayako , Naotsuka Hiroyuki , Imaizumi Hiroki , Kimura Shinya , Sueoka-Aragane Naoko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDecreasing exercise tolerance is one of the key features related to a poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is useful for evaluating exercise tolerance. The present study was performed to clarify the correlation between exercise tolerance and clinical parameters, focusing especially on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of skeletal muscle.MethodsThe present study retrospectively investigated 69 patients with COPD who underwent CPET. The correlations between oxygen uptake (⩒O2) at peak exercise and clinical parameters of COPD, including skeletal muscle area measured using single-section axial computed tomography (CT), were evaluated.ResultsThe COPD assessment test score (ρ = -0.35, p = 0.02) and the CSA of the pectoralis muscles (ρ = 0.32, p = 0.02) were weakly correlated with V̇O2 at peak exercise. In addition, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (ρ = 0.39, p = 0.0009), FEV1/forced vital capacity (ρ = 0.33, p = 0.006), and the CSA of the erector spinae muscles (ρ = 0.34, p = 0.009) were correlated with ⩒O2 at peak exercise.ConclusionsDecreased FEV1 and loss of skeletal muscles, especially anti-gravity muscles, are correlated with a low level of exercise tolerance in COPD patients.
Clinical Spectrum and Comorbidities of Dravet Syndrome in Taiwan&nbsp;
Authors: Huang Chia-Hsuan , Hung Pi-Lien , Fan Pi-Chuan , Lin Kuang-Lin , Hsu Ting-Rong , Chou I-Jun , Ho Che-Sheng , Chou I-Ching , Lin Wei-Sheng , Lee Inn-Chi , Fan Hueng-Chuen , Chen Shyi-Jou , Liang Jao-Shwann , Tu Yi-Fang , Chang Tung-Ming , Wong Lee-Chin , Hung Kun-Long , Lee Wang-Tso 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare and devastating epilepsy syndrome, and it can affect the patients and their caregivers. However, the lack of a reliable and valid measures of caregiver impact and the characteristic pattern in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with DS and caregivers’ concerns, and to establish a baseline frequency of characteristics of the disease using a cross-sectional survey in Taiwan. We recruit the caregivers of patients with DS and assessed their condition via online anonymous questionnaire. Seizure frequency decreased with age though not statistically significant. Vaccine may not influence the condition of DS. We highlighted the greatest impact on the domains that affect caregivers’ daily life, including additional household tasks, symptoms observation, further medical plan and financial problem. Caregivers may also concern about lack of independence/constant care, seizure control, speech/communication and sibling impacts/long-term care when patents are gone. The current findings highlight the significant life effects of caring for a child with DS in Taiwan, and can be used to raise the attention about the need for these families. The possible pathogenic mechanisms of these comorbidities were also discussed.
Microscopic Imbibition Characterization of Sandstone Reservoirs and Theoretical Model Optimization
Authors: Xu Xuan , Wan Yujing , Li Xizhe , Hu yong , mei qingyan , Jiao Chunyan , Guo Changmin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Traditional porous media imbibition models deviate from the actual imbibition process in oil and gas reservoirs. Experimental studies on gas-water imbibition in reservoirs were carried out to describe the dynamic profile variation process of wet phase saturation in reservoirs and to further reveal the variation of the imbibition front and the imbibition amount. Optimization and correction methods were established, and experimental verifications were performed. Studies have shown the following: (1) Unlike homogeneous porous media, the water phase imbibition process in oil and gas reservoirs is more complicated, and it is impossible for the maximum saturation of imbibition to reach 100%. (2) Contrary to the theoretical hypothesis, the imbibition of water is not piston-like, and there is a clear transition zone at the imbibition front. This transition zone is the main cause of water saturation variations in the imbibition zone; with the expansion of the imbibition zone, the influence of the transition zone on water saturation weakens. (3) Traditional theoretical models predict a positive correlation between the imbibition amount and the measurements; however, there is a large deviation in the numerical values, which must be corrected. (4) The L-W model was optimized and the parameter group fluid factor and the reservoir factor were proposed to characterize the properties of the fluid and the reservoir, respectively. These two parameters have a clear physical significance and are easy to accurately test. After experimental correction, the parameters are favourably suitable for oil and gas reservoirs.
Optical characteristics of type-II hexagonal shaped GaSb Quantum dots on GaAs synthesized using nanowire self-growth mechanism from Ga metal droplet
Authors: Baik Min , Kyhm Ji-hoon , Kang Hang-Kyu , Jeong Kwang-Sik , Kim Jong Su , Cho Mann– Ho , Song Jin Dong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report the growth mechanism and optical characteristics of type-II band-aligned GaSb quantum dots (QDs) grown on GaAs using droplet epitaxy-driven nanowire formation mechanism in with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, we confirmed that the QDs, which comprise zinc-blende crystal structures with hexagonal shape, were successfully grown through the formation of a nanowire from a Ga droplet with less strain between GaAs and GaSb. Photoluminescence (PL) peaks of GaSb, which are capped by the GaAs layer, are observed at 1.11 eV, 1.26 eV, and 1.47 eV, assigned to the QDs, a wetting-like layer (WLL), and bulk GaAs, respectively, at the measurement temperature of 14 K and excitation laser power of 30 mW. The integrated PL intensity of the QDs is significantly stronger than the WLL, which indicates well-grown GaSb QDs on GaAs and the generation of an interlayer exciton, as shown in the power and temperature-dependent PL, respectively. In addition, Time-resolved PL (TRPL) data show that the GaSb QD and GaAs layer form a self-aligned type-II band alignment, and temperature-dependent PL data exhibit a high equivalent internal quantum efficiency of 15+/-0.2%.
Facial Nerve Preservation In Treatment Of Primary Parotid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Chunming , Cheng Mingliang , Luo Xiaojuan , Zhao Xiaoping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPrimary squamous cell carcinoma rarely occurs in parotid gland. Partial, superficial or total parotidectomy as well as radical resection is performed based on patients’ conditions. For patients with symptoms of facial nerve weakness or dysfunction, facial nerve preservation is considered justifiably, whereas groundlessly if the malignancy is asymptomatic. We hereby reported a case of symptomatic primary parotid squamous cell carcinoma performed with total parotidectomy and facial nerve preservation.Case summaryWith the complaint of an asymptomatic mass in right parotid gland for five years and it grew aggressively and pricked recent months, a 46-year-old man visited the local hospital two week ago. A biopsy was performed and squamous cell carcinoma in right parotid gland was diagnosed. He was subsequently referred to Tongji hospital in Wuhan, China. Physical exam revealed a scar in the right parotid gland and impaired function of right facial nerves. An immoveable mass was touched in lower and posterior pole of right parotid gland. The mass was about 2.1*3.1 cm without clear boundary, and moderate pain was observed. No obvious enlarged lymph node was touched in right submandibular region and neck. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 1.6*2.4 cm nodular located in a diffuse suspicious mass in right parotid gland. Radical resection of the malignancy was rejected due to the inevitable facioplegia. Considering the short history of tumor aggressive behaviors, unique anatomical structure of parotid gland and absent sign of lymph node metastasis, total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation and elective right neck dissection were performed. Finial pathological examination confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of right parotid gland. Post-operation radiotherapy was scheduled in the following month. Restoration of facial nerve function was observed in two months later, absent local recurrence and distant metastasis was observed in the three years’ follow-up.Conclusion Primary parotid squamous cell carcinoma is rarely observed in clinical and facial nerve sacrifice requires great attention in treatment. Based on carefully evaluation of patients’ conditions before treatment, individualized treatment is crucial for improvement of patients’ quality of life while completely dissection of the malignancy.