bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased incidence of electrical abnormalities in a pacemaker lead family
Authors: Adelstein Evan , Zhang Lane , Nazeer Haider , Loka Alfred , Steckman David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral recent studies have raised concern about noise detections on Tendril pacemaker leads, which may represent insulation failure or algorithm‐driven overreporting of physiologic signals.MethodsWe identified all pacemaker leads actively followed at Albany Medical Center, of which 1111 leads (262 Abbott Tendril, 576 Medtronic CapSure, 30 Fineline, 195 Ingevity, 48 Dextrus) in 703 patients were included in this observational study. Electrical abnormalities, comprising low‐impedance measurements <200 Ω and repeated noise detections, were catalogued, as was initial management and subsequent need for surgical intervention.ResultsDuring 54 months median follow‐up (interquartile range 24–105), 63 leads (5.7%) demonstrated electrical abnormalities, including low impedances in 21 and noise in 59. Tendril leads manifested abnormalities most frequently (n = 50; 19.1%) compared with CapSure (n = 9; 1.6%), Fineline (n = 0), Ingevity (n = 0), and Dextrus (n = 4; 8.3%) leads. The risk of abnormalities was significantly higher in Tendril leads (HR 9.6, 95% CI 5.2–17.6; p < .001). Low impedances were measured on 19 Tendril leads, a significantly higher risk than on other leads (HR 23.8, 95% CI 5.5–102.1; p < .001). Although observation and reprogramming sensitivity were the initial management strategy for 45 and 7 leads, respectively, 18 ultimately required surgical intervention, including 15 Tendrils. No electrical abnormalities were observed in 12 non‐Tendril leads attached to Abbott devices compared with 48 of 252 Tendrils attached to Abbott devices (log‐rank p = .035).ConclusionTendril leads demonstrate significantly higher risk of repeated low impedances and noise compared to other manufacturers' models, raising concern that these findings reflect early insulation failure. Increased scrutiny is warranted.
Miliary fibromas in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Cartron A.M. , Buccine D. , Treichel A.M. , Lee C.R. , Moss J. , Darling T.N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a hamartoma syndrome characterized by multiple skin lesions, such as angiofibromas, shagreen patch and miliary fibromas (MiF).ObjectiveTo determine the clinical and histological features of MiF.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 133 adults with TSC. Photography was used to characterize the appearance and location of MiF. Histological features in five skin samples from four individuals were evaluated by a board‐certified dermatopathologist.ResultsMiF were observed in 19 of 133 (14%) individuals with TSC. MiF were 1‐ to 3‐mm skin‐coloured, sessile papules scattered on the back and rarely buttocks or thighs. Most were scattered in a bilaterally symmetric distribution, but others were asymmetric or associated with a shagreen patch. Histological features of MiF included expansion of the papillary and periadnexal dermis with variable hamartomatous abnormalities involving adjacent epithelial components.ConclusionsMiF are distinct from other cutaneous lesions in TSC such as shagreen patches and angiofibromas. Recognition of this entity is important in defining the spectrum of TSC disease and reassuring individuals with TSC that these lesions are benign.
A qualitative transcriptional signature of recurrence risk for stages II–III gastric cancer patients after surgical resection
Authors: Zhang Huarong , Li Xiangyu , Wu Junling , Zhang Jiahui , Huang Haiyan , Li Yawei , Li Meifeng , Wang Shanshan , Xia Jie , Qi Lishuang , Chen Ting , Ao Lu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimMetastasis is the leading cause of recurrence in gastric cancer. However, the imaging techniques and pathological examinations for tumor metastasis have a high false‐positive rate or a high false‐negative rate, and many proposed that metastasis‐related molecular biomarkers can hardly be validated in independent datasets.MethodsWe propose to use significantly stable gene pairs with reversal relative expression orderings (REOs) between non‐metastasis and metastasis gastric cancer samples as the metastasis‐related gene pairs. Based on the REOs of these gene pairs, we developed a qualitative transcriptional signature for predicting the recurrence risk of stages II–III gastric cancer patients after surgical resection.ResultsA REOs‐based signature, consisting of 19 gene pairs (19‐GPS), was selected from 77 stages II–III gastric cancer patients and validated in two independent datasets. Samples in the high‐risk group had shorter disease‐free survival time and overall survival time than those in the low‐risk group. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high‐ and low‐risk groups classified by 19‐GPS were highly reproducible comparing with those between lymph node metastasis and lymph node non‐metastasis groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in metastasis‐related pathways, such as PI3K‐Akt and Rap1 signaling pathways. The multi‐omics analyses suggested that the epigenetic and genomic features might cause transcriptional differences between two subgroups, which help to characterize the mechanism of gastric cancer metastasis.ConclusionsThe signature could robustly identify patients at high recurrence risk after resection surgery, and the multi‐omics analyses might aid in revealing the metastasis‐related characteristics of gastric cancer.
Assessment of the DTI‐ALPS Parameter Along the Perivascular Space in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia
Authors: Steward Christopher E. , Venkatraman Vijay K. , Lui Elaine , Malpas Charles B. , Ellis Kathryn A. , Cyarto Elizabeth V. , Vivash Lucy , O'Brien Terence J. , Velakoulis Dennis , Ames David , Masters Colin L. , Lautenschlager Nicola T. , Bammer Roland , Desmond Patricia M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSERecently, there has been growing interest in the glymphatic system (the functional waste clearance pathway for the central nervous system and its role in flushing solutes (such as amyloid ß and tau), metabolic, and other cellular waste products in the brain. Herein, we investigate a recent potential biomarker for glymphatic activity (the diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space [DTI‐ALPS] parameter) using diffusion MRI imaging in an elderly cohort comprising 10 cognitively normal, 10 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 16 Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSAll 36 participants imaged on a Siemens 3.0T Tim Trio. Single‐SE diffusion weighted Echo‐planar imaging scans were acquired as well as T1 magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo, T2 axial, and susceptibility weighted imaging. Three millimeter regions of interest were drawn in the projection and association fibers adjacent to the medullary veins at the level of the lateral ventricle. The DTI‐ALPS parameter was calculated in these regions and correlated with cognitive status, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and ADASCog11 measures.RESULTSSignificant correlations were found between DTI‐ALPS and MMSE and ADASCog11 in the right hemisphere adjusting for age, sex, and APoE ε4 status. Significant differences were also found in the right DTI‐ALPS indices between cognitively normal and AD groups (P < .026) and MCI groups (P < .025) in a univariate general linear model corrected for age, sex, and APoE ε4. Significant differences in apparent diffusion coefficient between cognitively normal and AD groups were found in the right projection fibers (P = .028).CONCLUSIONFurther work is needed to determine the utility of DTI‐ALPS index in larger elderly cohorts and whether it measures glymphatic activity.
Male‐biased sex allocation in late‐blooming flowers driven by resource limitation in the clonal perennial Aconitum kusnezoffii (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Ge Xing‐Yue M. , Lu Han‐Shu , Tian Hao , Wu Yue , Zhang Da‐Yong , Liao Wan‐Jin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlowering phenology and clonal growth are known to affect resource and pollen availability, and therefore select for adaptive or constrained sex allocation strategies to some degree. However, the consequences of temporal sex allocation patterns for reproductive fitness across the flower, inflorescence, and genet levels have rarely been examined. Moreover, experimental tests of the underlying regulatory mechanisms are scarce. We examined the association of flowering phenology and inflorescence position with temporal sex allocation and reproductive success in the protandrous perennial clonal herb, Aconitum kusnezoffii, over four consecutive growing seasons by examining more than 39 000 flowers. We also conducted controlled experiments to test the effects of resource and pollen limitation on the female reproductive success of lateral inflorescences. We found that some male functions were positively correlated with flowering phenology, whereas female reproductive success was negatively correlated with flowering phenology and inflorescence position. Lateral inflorescences invested more in male function than terminal inflorescences and therefore yielded fewer and smaller seeds. Resource limitation may serve as the key mechanism underlying this differentiated pattern. Decreased female reproductive success was consistently observed at the flower and inflorescence levels as flowering occurred later in the growth season. Late‐blooming lateral inflorescences specialized in the male function, and their female reproductive success was constrained by early‐blooming terminal inflorescences. This might be the first attempt to systematically demonstrate sex allocation strategy differentiation in a protandrous plant species at the inflorescence level. In addition, our study provides empirical evidence of dichogamy selecting for specialized sex allocation strategies among inflorescences.
A LysR‐type transcriptional regulator controls the expression of numerous small RNAs in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Eisfeld Jessica , Kraus Alexander , Ronge Christian , Jagst Michelle , Brandenburg Vivian B. , Narberhaus Franz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSmall RNAs (sRNAs) are universal posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression and hundreds of sRNAs are frequently found in each and every bacterium. In order to coordinate cellular processes in response to ambient conditions, many sRNAs are differentially expressed. Here, we asked how these small regulators are regulated using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a model system. Among the best‐studied sRNAs in this plant pathogen are AbcR1 regulating numerous ABC transporters and PmaR, a regulator of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, motility, and ampicillin resistance. We report that the LysR‐type regulator VtlR (also known as LsrB) controls expression of AbcR1 and PmaR. A vtlR/lsrB deletion strain showed growth defects, was sensitive to antibiotics and severely compromised in plant tumor formation. Transcriptome profiling by RNA‐sequencing revealed more than 1,200 genes with altered expression in the mutant. Consistent with the function of VtlR/LsrB as regulator of AbcR1, many ABC transporter genes were affected. Interestingly, the transcription factor did not only control the expression of AbcR1 and PmaR. In the mutant, 102 sRNA genes were significantly up‐ or downregulated. Thus, our study uncovered VtlR/LsrB as the master regulator of numerous sRNAs. Thereby, the transcriptional regulator harnesses the regulatory power of sRNAs to orchestrate the expression of distinct sub‐regulons.
Insights on affection exchange dynamics in interpersonal interaction
Authors: Graves Clint G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAffection Exchange Theory (AET) is a framework for understanding how affection functions in interpersonal relationships. Although AET has contributed to explanations of relational and health outcomes, the theory lacks a robust interactional account of affection. This study developed an interaction‐specific scale of affection exchange to explore how frameworks of emotion, behavioral motivation, and relational message processing can enhance AET's explanatory power. Participants (N = 473) reported on a recalled interaction with a close other. Results indicated that affectionate interaction was positively associated with positive affective response, behavioral activation system sensitivity, and affiliation–disaffiliation message processing. Generating implications across its incorporated frameworks, this study builds a foundation for future exploration of the emergence of affection exchange dynamics in interpersonal interaction.
Perils & pearls of purchasing sun protection over the internet: A google project
Authors: Tong Elissa , Phan Kevin , Smith Saxon D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeSunscreen use has been shown to reduce the incidence of skin cancers. Internet purchasing allows access to internationally sourced sunscreens, despite varying accepted active ingredients and regulations around the world.Aims/ObjectivesTo determine the compliance of international sunscreen products advertised on the internet with the current Australian sunscreen standard (AS/NZS 2604:2012).Materials and MethodsSix sunscreen‐related search queries were executed on Google between January‐November 2018. Qualitative analysis of the search results to determine compliance with the current Australian sunscreen standard (AS/NZS 2604:2012) was performed by collecting descriptive data, including listed active ingredients of each advertised product. These were compared against the AS/NZS 2604:2012 list of permitted active ingredients. The compliance status of each product, and reasons for non‐compliance were annotated. A multiple regression contingency table test was performed to determine whether compliance was associated with the products' country of origin, and a post hoc analysis was performed to identify countries with significant differences in discrepancy in compliance rate.ResultsExecution of the sunscreen‐related search queries on Google generated 1350 results. Only 613 of the 1291 (47.5%) included products were compliant with the AS/NZS 2604:2012 permitted sunscreen active ingredients. 552 of 1291 products were non‐compliant due to insufficient information advertised. Australia, India and South Korea had significantly lower than expected compliance rates.ConclusionsOnline marketing of sunscreen products from other countries has a significantly lower than expected compliance rate with the AS/NZS 2604:2012 permitted sunscreen active ingredients, with many lacking the disclosure of the active ingredients. Advertising regulations for online suppliers need to be tightened to ensure that online consumers purchasing sunscreen products can make informed decisions, as the international E‐commerce market rapidly expands.
Identification of the anthracnose fungus of walnut (Juglans spp.) and resistance evaluation through physiological responses of resistant vs. susceptible hosts
Authors: Yang Hanbo , Cao Guangli , Jiang Shijiao , Han Shan , Yang Chunlin , Wan Xueqin , Zhang Fan , Chen Lianghua , Xiao Jiujin , Zhu Peng , Zhang Danju , He Fang , Xing Wenxi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWalnut anthracnose is one of the most serious diseases of walnut globally. In this study, the pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by morphological and molecular approaches. Then, the resistance of 18 walnut genotypes was evaluated by field investigation as well as field and detached leaflet inoculation. A field inoculation assay was used as a benchmark for comparing field evaluation and the detached leaflet inoculation assay. Seven genotypes, Panhe1 and clones 71 and 200 of Juglans sigillata, Yanyuanzao and Qingxiang of J. regia, and Shujiang1 and Chuanzao1 of J. regia × J. sigillata, displayed high resistance in all assays, suggesting that they may be good candidates for further evaluation. Subsequently, two genotypes (Panhe1 with high resistance, and clone 199 with high susceptibility) were selected to analyse the different physiological responses between highly resistant and susceptible genotypes after inoculation. C. gloeosporioides infection induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and chitinase; they were all significantly increased in both Panhe1 and clone 199. However, the POD activity and its change rate in Panhe1 were significantly higher than those in clone 199. The change rates of PPO activity, and total phenol and proline content in Panhe1 were significantly higher than those in clone 199. Moreover, the change rates of SOD activity, malondialdehyde, and soluble sugar content in clone 199 were significantly higher than those in Panhe1. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the resistance of walnut to anthracnose, but also lay the foundation for breeding anthracnose‐resistant walnuts in the future.
A role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in the congruency sequence effect revealed by transcranial direct current stimulation
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Ying , Jing Fang , Zha Rujing , Wei Zhengde , Yang Li‐Zhuang , Geng Xiujuan , Tanaka Keiji , Zhang Xiaochu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCongruency effect is the increase in response time when relevant and irrelevant cues indicate incongruent rather than congruent responses. The congruency effect is smaller in the trial after an incongruent trial than after a congruent trial: this difference is known as the congruency sequence effect (CSE). Psychophysical and neural studies have suggested that the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with the CSE. In the present study, we applied anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation, which is thought to result in excitation and inhibition, respectively, on the LPFC, while human participants were performing a flanker task. We found that the CSE was increased under cathodal stimulation (inhibition) of the LPFC. Moreover, the LPFC stimulation modulated the congruency effect after a congruent trial. Further analyses suggested that the results cannot be explained by any of the currently prevailing hypotheses of the CSE, including the conflict monitoring hypothesis, feature integration hypothesis, and temporal learning account. Based on our findings, we propose that a new distinct mechanism might be involved in the CSE. Specifically, the LPFC might contribute to the CSE by maintaining the attention to the task‐relevant information, which is an endogenous goal‐oriented function and reduces the carry‐over of the task‐irrelevant information after a congruent trial.
The effects of luteinizing hormone as a suppression factor for apoptosis in bovine luteal cells in vitro
Authors: Bowolaksono Anom , Fauzi Muhammad , Sundari Ayu Mulia , Pustimbara Anantya , Lestari Retno , Abinawanto  , Dwiranti Astari , Fadhillah  
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe fate of the corpus luteum, a transient endocrine gland formed and degraded during an oestrous cycle, is decided by various physiological factors, such as luteinizing hormone (LH). As a stimulator of progesterone, LH is known to maintain corpus luteum functional and structural integrity by inhibiting apoptosis, a programmed cell death. Therefore, we aim to investigate its action during the mid‐luteal phase hypothesized that LH suppresses the death mechanism of bovine luteal steroidogenic cells (LSC) by analysing the expression of proteins involved. Cultured bovine LSC obtained from corpus luteum were treated for 24 hr with recombinant TNF and IFNG in the presence or absence of LH. The result showed that LH proved to have a protective effect by increased cell viability (p < .05) and prevented DNA fragmentation (p < .05), as demonstrated by the WST‐1 colorimetric assay and TUNEL assay. Expression analysis of mRNA and protein levels showed that LH altered the expression of BCL2 (p < .05), CASP3 (p < .05), FAS (p < .05), and BAX (p < .05) to support cell survival. In conclusion, our study suggests that LH prolongs the corpus luteum life span through the anti‐apoptotic mechanism by increasing cell viability and suppressing apoptosis‐related genes and protein expression.
Injuries in youth football and the relationship to player maturation: An analysis of time‐loss injuries during four seasons in an English elite male football academy
Authors: Light Neil , Johnson Adam , Williams Stuart , Smith Neal , Hale Beverley , Thorborg Kristian 
Published: February 2021

A better insight into injuries in elite‐youth football may inform prevention strategies. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the frequency, incidence, and pattern of time‐loss injuries in an elite male football academy, exploring injuries in relation to age and maturation status. Across four consecutive playing seasons, playing exposure and injuries to all academy players (U’9 to U’21) were recorded by club medical staff. Maturation status at the time of injury was also calculated for players competing in U’13 to U’16 aged squads. Time‐loss injury occurrence and maturation status at time of injury were the main outcome measures. A total of 603 time‐loss injuries were recorded, from 190 different players. Playing exposure was 229 317 hours resulting in an overall injury rate of 2.4 p/1000 h, ranging from 0.7 p/1000 h (U’11) to 4.8 p/1000 h (U’21). Most injuries were traumatic in mechanism (73%). The most common injury location was the thigh (23%), and the most common injury type was muscle injury (29%) combining to provide the most common injury diagnosis; thigh muscle injury (17%). In U’13‐U’16 players, a higher number of injuries to early‐maturing players were observed in U’13‐U’14 players, while more injuries to U’15‐U’16 players occurred when classed as “on‐time” in maturity status. Maturation status did not statistically relate to injury pattern; however, knee bone (not‐fracture) injuries peaked in U’13 players while hip/groin muscle injuries peaked in U’15 players.
Parental psychological control perceived in adolescence predicts jealousy toward romantic partners in emerging adulthood via insecure attachment
Authors: Choe So Young , Lee Jungeun Olivia , Read Stephen J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParental psychological control (PPC)'s association with romantic relationships and the mechanisms through which PPC impairs relationship qualities remain crucial questions to understanding PPC. To this end, we examine if insecure attachment at age 18 mediated the association between PPC perceived at age 16 and jealousy at age 22. Our results showed that PPC perceived at age 16 predicted attachment anxiety at age 18, which then predicted jealousy at age 22. Both mothers' and fathers' models show significant mediational paths, although only mothers' mediational paths remain significant when entered together with fathering in the model. The paths were significant regardless of the gender of the adolescents. The results suggest that adolescents of psychologically controlling parents may experience compromised attachment security during early emerging adulthood and carry that insecure attachment into their romantic relationships later in emerging adulthood. We discuss the implications for interventions and policy‐making.
The Dividing Line Methodology: Model Theory Motivating Set Theory
Authors: Baldwin John T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe explore Shelah's model‐theoretic dividing line methodology. In particular, we discuss how problems in model theory motivated new techniques in model theory, for example classifying theories by their potential (consistently with Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC)) spectrum of cardinals in which there is a universal model. Two other examples are the study (with Malliaris) of the Keisler order leading to a new ZFC result on cardinal invariants and attempts to clarify the “main gap” by reducing the dependence of certain versions on (highly independent) cardinal arithmetic.