bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representation of the image of "Russia" and "Russians" in video games as an integral part of the soft power policy of Western countries
Authors: Il'ichev Aleksei Vladimirovich 
Published: December 2024

The article examines the issue of ideological content of the representative image of "Russia" and "Russians" in the modern Western video game industry. The purpose of this study is to study the video game industry as an example of an effective tool in the framework of the "soft power" policy of Western countries. The study identified the main archetypes (4 archetypes) in the representation of "Russia" and "Russians" in the Western video game industry, and highlighted the necessary measures for the successful development of the domestic video game industry as an integral part of cultural policy. The subject of the study is the works of the video game industry, in which Russia is present, in the role of the main / auxiliary antagonist of the story. The object of the research is political and ideological narratives in the representation of the image of "Russia" and "Russians" in the products of the Western video game industry. To study the narratives and images embedded in the representative image of "Russia" and "Russians" in the video game industry, qualitative content analysis was applied, which allowed us to identify the main characteristics and archetypes. Quantitative content analysis was applied to consider the representation of the Eastern Front in projects dedicated to the Second World War. According to the results of the study, it was found that in the video game industry, the representation of "Russians" is negative, portraying them as the main or auxiliary antagonists. At their core, video games are based on visual images and narratives shaped by American popular culture during the Cold War, adapted to the modern military-political agenda. However, such a negative connotation is determined not so much by tradition, but by the emerging military and political situation. In addition, the representation of Russians as antagonists also has an economic aspect related to the proportionally smaller size of the domestic market compared to the Western or eastern one. In this regard, the protest of the Russian-speaking community, in the event of the appearance of antagonists of Russian nationality, will not have a significant impact on sales volumes. Projects dedicated to the Second World War are a separate area of the video game industry. The developers do not dedicate individual projects to the events on the Eastern Front, leaving the events in this theater as one of the components of the story campaigns. From the point of view of representing "Russia" and "Russians," the video games in this segment follow the narrative tradition laid down by former Wehrmacht generals, broadcasting historical fakes.
Mountain Wetland Vegetation Changes for Thirteen Years in Vitosha Mountain (Bulgaria)
Authors: Sopotlieva Desislava , Velev Nikolay , Terziyska Tsvetelina , Apostolova Iva 
Published: December 2024

This study presents a sample of the high-mountain wetland vegetation changes over a 13-year period in Vitosha Nature Park. We re-survey the vegetation at the same locations, that were ensured by a 10 m buffer delimited around each 2006 coordinates and within this buffer sampling plots were re-located in 2019. We re-confirm all the previous high-mountain wetland vegetation plots, but detected changes of vegetation composition as: 1) an increase in both cover and diversity of vascular plants accompanied by decreasing of bryophytes mainly at the expense of Sphagnum species for the sub-alpine mires of Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae; and 2) a reverse tendency towards an increase in the cover and diversity of bryophytes in the lower mountain belts for the wet meadows of class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. According to the observed plant species composition changes for this 13-year period in Vitosha Mtn., the sub-alpine mire vegetation “tend to get dryer”, while lower wet meadow grasslands have become closer to mire vegetation. The high-mountain wetlands preservation is important for both the biodiversity conservation and for the long-term monitoring on vegetation and climate perspectives.
Highly Breathable Chemically Protective MOF‐Fiber Catalysts
Authors: Lee Dennis T. , Dai Zijian , Peterson Gregory W. , Hall Morgan G. , Pomerantz Natalie L. , Hoffman Nicole , Parsons Gregory N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFibrous composite materials provide distinct advantages in large surface area and enhanced molecular transport through the media, lending themselves to diverse applications. Despite substantial development in synthetic methods, it is still lacking in insights into structure–property relationships that can correlate features of the functional materials to absorptive, transport, and catalytic performance of the composites. Herein, for the first time, a systematic structure–property–function analysis is provided for Zr‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) coated onto polypropylene nonwoven textiles. MOF fraction on the fabric and defect density in MOF microstructures are controlled by an in situ seeded growth, where fiber surfaces are pretreated with metal‐oxide by atomic layer deposition. The best performing MOF‐fiber composite shows a rapid catalytic hydrolysis rate for a chemical warfare agent simulant, p‐nitrophenyl phosphate with t1/2 < 5 min, and a significant permeation restriction of a real agent GD‐vapor through the composite. Of added advantage is the observed moisture vapor transport rate of 15 000 g m−2 day−1 for the composite, which is notably superior to that of other commercially available chemical‐protective fabrics. The chemical‐protective composites realized in this work overcome the breathability/detoxification trade‐off and show promise for the materials to be deployed in a realistic field.
Biopolymer‐Templated Deposition of Ordered and Polymorph Titanium Dioxide Thin Films for Improved Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensitivity
Authors: Chen Qing , Betker Marie , Harder Constantin , Brett Calvin J. , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Ulrich Nils M. , Toimil‐Molares Maria E. , Trautmann Christina , Söderberg L. Daniel , Weindl Christian L. , Körstgens Volker , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Ma Mingming , Roth Stephan V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is an excellent candidate material for semiconductor metal oxide‐based substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Biotemplated fabrication of TiO2 thin films with a 3D network is a promising route for effectively transferring the morphology and ordering of the template into the TiO2 layer. The control over the crystallinity of TiO2 remains a challenge due to the low thermal stability of biopolymers. Here is reported a novel strategy of the cellulose nanofibril (CNF)‐directed assembly of TiO2/CNF thin films with tailored morphology and crystallinity as SERS substrates. Polymorphous TiO2/CNF thin films with well‐defined morphology are obtained by combining atomic layer deposition and thermal annealing. A high enhancement factor of 1.79 × 106 in terms of semiconductor metal oxide nanomaterial (SMON)‐based SERS substrates is obtained from the annealed TiO2/CNF thin films with a TiO2 layer thickness of 10 nm fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO), when probed by 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid molecules. Common SERS probes down to 10 nm can be detected on these TiO2/CNF substrates, indicating superior sensitivity of TiO2/CNF thin films among SMON SERS substrates. This improvement in SERS sensitivity is realized through a cooperative modulation of the template morphology of the CNF network and the crystalline state of TiO2.
Guidelines in Practice: Specimen Management
Authors: Link Terri 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSpecimen management is a complex process that involves multiple steps and numerous health care personnel. Preventable specimen‐related errors are common and can occur during any phase of the specimen management process. Perioperative nurses manage specimens during the preanalytical phase before specimens are delivered to the laboratory for analysis. Errors in the preanalytical phase may include mislabeling, miscommunication, loss of a specimen, improper fixation of the specimen, and transport failures. The AORN “Guideline for specimen management” provides guidance for managing specimens collected during surgical and other invasive procedures, including recommendations for handling specific types of specimens. This article discusses the guideline recommendations for intraoperative team communication, transfer from the sterile field, containment, transport, and quality. A scenario describes a facility team’s use of a root cause analysis and a failure modes and effects analysis tool to assess the risk and effects of specimen errors and create a process improvement plan.
Clinical Issues—November 2021
Authors: Jones Emily 
Published: October 2021

THIS MONTH
Occupational human papillomavirus vaccination for health care workers
Key words: human papillomavirus (HPV), vaccination, occupational exposure, surgical smoke.Respiratory protection during smoke‐generating treatment of human papillomavirus lesionsKey words: human papillomavirus (HPV), respiratory protection, surgical smoke evacuation, surgical N95 respirator, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).Most penetrating particle size in air filtration media testingKey words: most penetrating particle size (MPPS), ultra‐low particulate air (ULPA), filtration efficiency, filtration media, surgical smoke evacuation.Smoke evacuation in surgical simulation laboratoriesKey words: surgical smoke evacuation, simulation laboratories, surgical energy devices, surgical smoke safety.
Concerted evolution of ribosomal DNA: Somatic peace amid germinal strife
Authors: Haig David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost eukaryotes possess many copies of rDNA. Organismal selection alone cannot maintain rRNA function because the effects of mutations in one rDNA are diluted by the presence of many other rDNAs. rRNA quality is maintained by processes that increase homogeneity of rRNA within, and heterogeneity among, germ cells thereby increasing the effectiveness of cellular selection on ribosomal function. A successful rDNA repeat will possess adaptations for spreading within tandem arrays by intranuclear selection. These adaptations reside in the non‐coding regions of rDNA. Single‐copy genes are predicted to manage processes of intranuclear and cellular selection in the germline to maintain the quality of rRNA expressed in somatic cells of future generations.
1‐Indanone and 1,3‐indandione Derivatives as Ligands for Misfolded α‐Synuclein Aggregates
Authors: Sun Xianwei , Admane Prasad , Starosolski Zbigniew A. , Eriksen Jason L. , Annapragada Ananth V. , Tanifum Eric A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of imaging agents for in vivo detection of alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) pathologies faces several challenges. A major gap in the field is the lack of diverse molecular scaffolds with high affinity and selectivity to α‐syn fibrils for in vitro screening assays. Better in vitro scaffolds can instruct the discovery of better in vivo agents. We report the rational design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a series of novel 1‐indanone and 1,3‐indandione derivatives from a Structure‐Activity Relationship (SAR) study centered on some existing α‐syn fibril binding ligands. Our results from fibril saturation binding experiments show that two of the lead candidates compounds 8 and 32 bind α‐syn fibrils with binding constants (Kd) of 9.0 and 18.8 nM, respectively, and selectivity of greater than 10× for α‐syn fibrils compared with amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau fibrils. Our results demonstrate that the lead ligands avidly label all forms of α‐syn on PD brain tissue sections, but only the dense core of senile plaques in AD brain tissue, respectively. These results are corroborated by ligand‐antibody colocalization data from Syn211, which shows immunoreactivity toward all forms of α‐syn aggregates, and Syn303, which displays preferential reactivity toward mature Lewy pathology. Our results reveal that 1‐indanone derivatives have desirable properties for the biological evaluation of α‐synucleinopathies.
Can screening for low vitamin D levels prevent bone health complications in paediatric oncology patients?
Authors: Naeije Leonie , de Silva Mandy Pohlui , Hofman Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo international standards include vitamin D levels at diagnosis or during treatment. It is included in the Children's Oncology Group long‐term follow‐up guidelines. However, bone health complications (like osteopenia and atraumatic fractures) can occur at diagnosis or during treatment as well.CasesIn this small case series, we illustrate the complexity of bone health complications among our broad paediatric oncology population. If the vitamin D level is low we supplement the patient with one standard oral dose (150 000 units for 1–2 year olds, 300 000 units for 2–5 year olds and 600 000 units for >5 year olds). We do not adjust depending on diagnosis.ConclusionBecause of the potentially negative outcomes on short, medium and long term, we recommend checking vitamin D levels on diagnosis for all newly diagnosed patients. It is a simple, low cost test and one dose of oral supplementation can easily treat the deficiency.
Research Progress of Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Yanying , Zhou Daojin , Deng Tianyin , He Guangli , Chen Aibing , Sun Xiaoming , Yang Yuhua , Miao Ping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of a low‐cost and high‐efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst is essential to meet the future industrial demand for hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting. Given the limited reserves of noble metals and many competitive applications in environmental protection, new energy, and chemical industries, many studies have focused on exploring new and efficient non‐noble metal catalytic systems, improving the understanding of the OER mechanism of non‐noble metal surfaces, and designing electrocatalysts with higher activity than traditional noble metals. This Review summarizes the research progress of anode OER catalysts for hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting in recent years, for noble metal and non‐noble metal catalysts, where non‐noble metal catalysts are highlighted. The categories are as follows: (1) Transition metal‐based compounds, including transition metal‐based oxides, transition metal‐based layered hydroxides, and transition metal‐based sulfides, phosphides, selenides, borides, carbides, and nitrides. Transition metal‐based oxides can also be divided into perovskite, spinel, amorphous, rock‐salt‐type, and lithium oxides according to their different structures. (2) Carbonaceous materials and their composite materials with transition metals. (3) Transition metal‐based metal‐organic frameworks and their derivatives. Finally, the challenges and future development of the OER process of water splitting are discussed.
Getting personal about skin: Realizing precision medicine in dermatology
Authors: Brownstone Nicholas , Wu Jashin J. , Strober Bruce E. , Dickerson Tobin J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the massive influx of data from “omics” methods combined with sophisticated informatics platforms, personalized medicine, defined as the tailoring of medical decision‐making and/or treatments to an individual patient, has led to the promise of better and more efficient patient care. As a concept, personalized medicine could fundamentally alter how clinicians think about the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The introduction of a precision medicine tool has benefits for multiple stakeholders; patients benefit by having improved outcomes, physicians can make confident decisions in managing their patients, and the healthcare system saves significant dollars through the reduction of wasted spend. This paradigm has been particularly true in oncology where biomarker‐driven treatment paradigms have become increasingly common. In this review, personalized medicine and biomarkers in the field of dermatology are reviewed. Specifically, three disease states are discussed including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and melanoma. For each disease state, biomarkers and personalized medicine tests are reviewed focusing on diagnosis and treatment for these conditions. The ethics, implementation, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed for the adaptation of personalized medicine in clinical dermatology. The advent of personalized medicine in dermatology could lead to a paradigm shift in how patients are treated, with the resulting improved clinical outcomes leading to concomitant reductions in wasted healthcare expenditures.
Food selectivity, nutritional inadequacies, and mealtime behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder compared to neurotypical children
Authors: Molina‐López Jorge , Leiva‐García Beatriz , Planells Elena , Planells Paloma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate body composition, nutritional status through food selectivity and degree of inadequate intake, and mealtime behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children.MethodA cross‐sectional case–control study was carried out in 144 children (N = 55 with ASD; N = 91 with neurotypical children) between 6 and 18 years of age. Body composition, nutritional intake, food consumption frequency (FFQ), and mealtime behavior were evaluated.ResultsResults showed a greater presence of children with a low weight (18.4% ASD vs. 3.20% comparison group) and obesity (16.3% ASD vs. 8.6% comparison group) in the ASD group for body mass index (BMI) categories (p = .003; number needed to take [NNT] = 8.07). The presence of obesity in ASD children compared to the comparison group was even higher when considering the fat component (47.5% ASD vs. 19.4% comparison group, p = .002; NNT = 10.3). ASD children had greater intake inadequacy (50% ASD vs. 22% comparison group, p = .014; NNT = 3.58), high food selectivity by FFQ (60.6% ASD vs. 37.9% comparison group, p < .037; NNT = 4.41), and more eating problems (food rejection, limited variety, disruptive behavior), compared to neurotypical children (p = .001).ConclusionChildren with ASD showed an unbalanced body composition toward both underweight and obesity, a greater degree of inadequate intake, high food selectivity as indicated by their consumption frequency, and more disturbed eating behavior than children with neurotypical development. We suggest monitoring nutritional inadequacies and implementing nutritional strategies to expand the variety of foods children with ASD consume.
Salmonid thermal habitat contraction in a hydrogeologically complex setting
Authors: O'Sullivan Antóin M. , Corey Emily , Cunjak Richard A. , Linnansaari Tommi , Curry R. Allen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBroadening our understanding of river thermal variability is of paramount importance considering the role temperature plays in aquatic ecosystem health. At the catchment scale, spatial statistical river network models (SSN) are popular for analyses of river temperature, as these are less “data hungry” than other modeling methods, and have offered invaluable insights into how thermal habitats of salmonids may change with climate warming. However, recent work has demonstrated that hydrogeological complexity can disrupt river temperature spatial autocorrelation. We test the prediction that the non‐linearity of hydrological processes inherent in a hydrogeologically complex setting, such as the Miramichi River, invalidates the SSN approach, and a Random Forest (RF) model can overcome these complexities. In all instances, RFs outperformed SSNs when predicting average (TwA) and maximum (TwM) August river temperature during 2017, and were quite robust (TwA and TwM: R2 = 0.93; RMSE = 0.6°C; R2 = 0.91; RMSE = 1.0°C, respectively). We conclude that RF models can capture the inherent non‐linearity of hydrological processes in complex hydrogeologic settings. We examined thermal habitat change for adult and 1+/2+ Atlantic salmon—AS—(Salmo salar), and all age classes of brook trout—BKT—(Salvelinus fontinalis), during August 2017, with thresholds of behavioral thermoregulation specific to the catchment. We assumed a baseline = TwA and investigated river network contraction (km) for TwM. During TwA, all habitat was suggested to be thermally suitable for 1+/2+ AS (<23°C), but 4.2% was unsuitable for adult AS and BKT of all ages (>20°C). For TwM, ~80% of the catchment was predicted to be unsuitable for adult AS and BKT. We examined two boundaries for behavorial thermoregulation in 1+/2+ AS: >23°C and >27°C. For the >23°C boundary, ~27.7% of the catchment is thermally unsuitable during TwM, and 4.9% is thermally unsuitable for the >27°C boundary. TwA in August 2017 was identical to long‐term (1970–1999) July–August TwA, as such these thermal maps will be useful for resource managers.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy Differentially Impacts Bone and Muscle in the Short Term in Physically Active Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Maalouf Naim M. , Chhabra Avneesh , Zafereo Jason , Querry Ross , Towler Dwight A. , Thakur Uma J. , Frankl Joseph , Poindexter John R. , Mogharrabi Bayan , Xac May , Öz Orhan K. , Rubin Craig D. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) therapy. Its use is associated with a loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and a greater risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures. In this prospective cohort study, we examined the impact of ADT on muscle and bone strength in men initiating ADT for PCa. Participants were evaluated at three time points: immediately before (week 0), and 6 and 24 weeks after ADT initiation. Study measures included fasting blood levels (for markers of muscle and bone metabolic activity), MRI and QCT imaging (for muscle fat content, and bone density and architecture), and validated clinical tests of muscle strength and gait. Sixteen men completed all study visits. At baseline and throughout the study, participants exercised a median of four times/week, but still experienced weight gain (+2.0 kg at week 24 versus week 0, p = 0.004). Biochemically, all men sustained dramatic early and persistent reductions in sex hormones post‐ADT, along with a progressive and significant increase in serum C‐telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX, +84% at week 24 versus week 0). There was a trend for rise in serum sclerostin (p = 0.09) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) (p = 0.08), but no significant change in serum myostatin (p = 0.99). Volumetric BMD by QCT declined significantly at the femoral neck (−3.7% at week 24 versus week 0), particularly at the trabecular compartment. On MRI, there were no significant changes in thigh muscle fat fraction. On physical testing, men developed weaker grip strength, but experienced no worsening in lower extremity and lumbar spine muscle strength, or on functional tests of gait. In conclusion, in physically active men, ADT for 24 weeks results in a significant increase in bone resorption and reduction in BMD, but nonsignificant changes in thigh muscle quality (on imaging) or strength and gait (on functional testing). © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.