bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Infant Feeding Practices with Iron Status and Hematologic Parametersin Thai Infants at 6 Months of Age
Authors: Ruangkit Chayatat , Prachakittikul Nawapat , Hemprachitchai Nutthida , Dumrongwongsiri Oraporn , Soonsawad Sasivimon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: An infant's iron intake in the first 6 months of life comes solely from milk intake. However, infants' feeding practices vary, and their association with infants' iron status and hematologic parameters has not been well studied. We aimed to evaluate how different infant feeding practices associate with iron status and hematologic parameters among 6-month-old Thai infants. Methods: In a retrospective chart review, we identified 403 infants who attended a well-baby clinic and received laboratory screening for anemia (complete blood count and serum ferritin) at 6-month visits. Infants were categorized into four groups according to feeding practices. Hematologic parameters and incidence of anemia (hemoglobin [Hb]<11 g/dL), iron deficiency (ID; ferritin<12 ng/mL), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA; Hb<11 g/dL and ferritin<12 ng/mL) were compared between groups. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify IDA associated factors among 6-month-old infants. Results: In total, 105 infants were breastfed (BF), 78 were breastfed with iron supplementation (BI), 109 infants were mixed-fed (breast milk and formula) with or without iron supplementation starting at age 4 months (MF), and 111 infants were formula-fed (FF). The BF group had the highest incidence of anemia, ID, and IDA. Anemia was found in 38.1% of BF infants compared with 21.8% of BI, 19.3% of MF, and 16.2% of FF infants (p<0.001). ID was found in 28.6% of BF infants compared with 3.8% of BI, 3.7% of MF, and 0.9% of FF infants (p<0.001). IDA was found in 17.1% of BF infants compared with 2.6% of BI, 0.9% of MF, and 0.9% of FF infants (p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, higher weight gain during 0–6 months slightly increased the risk of IDA and higher birth weight slightly decreased this risk. BI, MF, and FF infants had 90.4%, 97.5%, and 96.9% decreased risk of IDA, respectively, with BF infants as a reference group. Conclusion: The incidence of anemia, ID, and IDA at age 6 months was higher in BF than FF or partially BF infants. However, iron supplements in BF infants starting at 4 months significantly reduced their ID and IDA incidence.
The Effect of Health-Related Behaviors on Income in China: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Xie Muyan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Understanding the interaction between habits and income can be an efficient way to economically improve income and this paper serves to figure out the effectiveness of health-related income factors and gender differences in these factors using regressions, interaction effects and fixed effect model estimations. I used China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) for 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2015 and expected the study to be representative of the general population in China. Results show clear effect of these factors, with that smoking can negatively associate with income and tea, coffee, alcohol, and exercising be in positive association. Also, gender differences are tested and interpreted. Extensions include discuss pathway through which these factors influence income, urban residence’s interaction effect with these factors and yearly differences. Main findings are concluded for future possible uses, as policy makers for women’s economical empowerment programs may refer to the statistics and find the area that return the most such as drinking tea and quitting smoking.
Non-magnetic generating electricity
Authors: Yang Shuai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the past scientific cognition, changes in the magnetic field produce electric field, so when there is current and voltage generation, need to have a change in magnetic flux, However, in the process of studying the nature of magnetization, we found that the microscopic formation of a magnetic field is the directional movement of positive and negative charges, under the guidance of this theory, we use other methods, realize the separation of positive and negative charges, observation of induced current generation, this can be used as another way to generate electricity.
A cross-sectional study regarding the knowledge, attitude and awareness about self-medication among Bangladeshi people
Authors: Jami Md. Abu Bakar Siddique 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-medication is the use of medicinal products by the consumer which is not prescribed by the physician or doctor. Self-medication practice (SMP) is widely adopted by the common people of developing countries like Bangladesh. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Aim & Objective: This study was conducted to learn about the knowledge and awareness level and to evaluate the practice and attitude towards self-medication among the common people of Bangladesh. Method: Primary data was collected by conducting an online survey with a well-constructed questionnaire. Data collection was carried out from May 2021 to June 2021. The subjects were minimum 15 years of age. From 35 districts of Bangladesh, total 322 people of different age groups, education levels, economic classes participated in the survey. Result: 71% (229) of the respondents were 21-25 years of age. 66% were undergraduate students. Most of them were from middle class society and well-educated. 80% of the population said that they had purchased or taken medicines without any prescription. 57% of them told they do not consider self-medication as a very safe practice although, 87% of the population had practiced self-medication at least once in the preceding year. Antipyretics (212), Analgesics (165), Drugs for Cold/Cough (197) and Anti-ulcer/Antacids (140) were the majority categories of medicines that were used mostly for self-medication. Nearly all (311) of them collects SMP medicine from Pharmacy shops. Previous prescription (146), Advice from family or friends (165) and Internet or other media (113) were their common sources of information for their self-medication practice. Conclusion: Self-medication practice is highly prevalent in Bangladesh. People are not aware enough about possible negative outcomes of it. Therefore, the regulatory laws should be implemented more strictly regarding buying and selling medicines
Dexmedetomidine Reduces IL-4 and IgE Expression Through Downregulation of TLR4/NF-κ Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Airway hyperresponsiveness in OVA Mice
Authors: Duan Qirui , Yang Dong , Zhi Juan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Asthma is a disease that affects health worldwide. It is characterised by inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Because airway hyperreactivity can occur in other diseases, perioperative airway hyperreactivity is more insidious and widespread than in asthma and has serious implications that need to be addressed urgently. The use of dexmedetomidine in acute asthma and lung protection has been reported, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and mechanisms associated with dexmedetomidine in airway hyperresponsiveness.Methods: Forty BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into five groups: group K (blank group), group A (asthma group), group HD (asthma + dexmedetomidine treatment group), group TH (asthma + yohimbine group) and group HT (asthma + dexmedetomidine + yohimbine group), and the airway resistance of group K, group A and group HD were analysed by invasive airway resistance assay, ELISA assay, immunohistochemistry and q-PCR, respectively. Airway resistance; IL-4 and IgE levels in serum and BLAF; and IL-4, IL-13, Muc5AC, NFκB, TLR2, TLR4 and TSLP1 protein levels in lung tissues of the 5 groups were analysed by invasive airway resistance assay, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with group A, there were statistical differences in airway resistance (P < 0.05); LIL-4 and IgE (P < 0.05) in serum and BLAF; and Muc5AC, TLR4 and NFκB protein contents (P < 0.05) in lung tissues in the HD group. Conclusion: 1. Dexmedetomidine can attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness in the OVA asthma model; 2. Dexmedetomidine reduced the production of IL-4 and IgE by down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the lung inflammatory response and airway hyperresponsiveness in the OVA-induced asthma model.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Associated Factors of Imported Respiratory Infectious Diseases in China, 2014 - 2018
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Chen Tao , Deng Lele , Han Yajun , Wang Dayan , Wang Liping , He Guangxue 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

With the progress of globalization, the international mobility of population is increasing, which facilitates the cross-border transmission of respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). The aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and relative factors of imported RIDs for using high-tech and wisdom methods to early find and stop the important RIDs spread to China.
Methods

The imported RIDs cases from 2014 to 2018 enrolled in this study were screened by the inbound sentinel network of customs and national notifiable disease reporting system in China. The spatial, temporal and population distribution of imported respiratory infectious diseases were analyzed. Seasonal index was calculated to describe the seasonality, and Pearson correlation coefficients were assessed to examine associations between independent variables and imported cases. Data analysis and visualization were carried out with R (version 4.0.5).
Results

Among 1,409,265,253 inbound travelers, 31,302 (2.22/100,000) imported RIDs cases from 143 countries within 5 continents were reported. The incidence of imported RIDs in 2018 (2.77/100,000) was nearly 5 times that of 2014 (0.56/100,000). Among foreigners, the incidences were higher in male (5.11/100,000), 0–14 year old group (14.06/100,000), and Oceania (10.98/100,000). Influenza accounted for the majority of imported RIDs(90.64%), with obvious seasonality. The spatial distribution of imported RIDs was different between Chinese citizens and foreigners. With the increase of inbound travel volume and the number of influenza cases in source countries, the number of imported RIDs cases increased.
Conclusions

Our study showed RIDs imported into China from 143 countries around the world. Therefore, it has great potential risks of transmitting important RIDs to China. So, it is urgent to strengthen the surveillance at customs for inbound population, and establish the wisdom surveillance and warning systems for preventing and stop imported RIDs spreading to China.
Non-Radiative Recombination of Triplet Charge-Transfer State as the Key of Limiting Efficiency Mediates the Positive Relevance of JSC and VOC
Authors: Ren Yue , Li Ming-Yang , Geng Yun , Xu Yi-Zhou , Sun Guang-Yan , Sui Ming-Yue , Su Zhong-Min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF OSCs) with A-D-A acceptors have realized the positive relevance of short-circuit current density (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC), because of the restricted energy loss. However, non-radiative energy loss remains unclear, resulting in the positive relevance could not maximize power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, the impact of non-radiative recombination directly related to the singlet- and triplet-charge-transfer (1CT and 3CT) states on the positive relevance is explored. It establishes the essential connection between 3CT-state non-radiation and positive relevance, points out the former mainly hinders PCE. The root reason is that decisive factors of decay rates in two pathways are completely different, but hard to adjust coordinately. Especially, another trade-off is still detected in NF OSCs, causing a bottleneck in PCE. To the end, we propose the defects of A-D-A molecular design by revealing 3CT-state non-radiation mediates the positive relevance.
Governança e Legitimidade: uma Análise da Configuração do Discurso da Petrobras aos Reguladores
Authors: Passos Gabriela De Abreu , Costa Mayla Cristina 
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a configuração e o comportamento do discurso da Petrobras nas citações à órgãos reguladores, especificamente, Tribunal de Contas da União e Comissão de Valores Mobiliários, em comunicados e fatos relevantes para o mercado. A Governança é compreendida aqui, como produto da pluralidade de atores que interagem na sociedade. Nesse sentido, considera-se que as práticas discursivas que integram a transparência – um dos elementos da Governança – são racionalizadas e exercem influência na percepção do mercado e na legitimidade da organização. Utiliza-se da abordagem qualitativa e a técnica de análise de conteúdo, por meio da coleta de Comunicados e Fatos Relevantes divulgados pela companhia, no período de 2005 a 2018. O resultado demonstra três configurações do discurso: (i) defesa; (ii) subordinação; e (iii) validade da ação. Observou-se que o comportamento discursivo nas referências aos órgãos reguladores apresenta diferenças ao longo do tempo, em que foram utilizados mecanismos de repetição, intertextualidade e interdiscursividade para legitimar as ações da companhia. Por fim, procura-se contribuir com a literatura dos estudos organizacionais e da área de contabilidade, com os gestores e aos responsáveis pelas divulgações das entidades, ao evidenciar a importância de se observar a linguagem e as configurações do discurso contido nas publicações emitidas a mercado, em busca de um mercado mais transparente e de um sistema de governança mais justo para os distintos atores envolvidos.
Comparative Solutions of Exact and Approximate Methods for Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Chandra Agung , Natalia Christine , Naro Aulia 
Published: September 2021

There are two major optimization methods: Exact and Approximate methods. A well known exact method, Branch and Bound algorithm (B&B) and approximate methods, Elimination-based Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (EFOA) and Artificial Atom Algorithm (A3) are used for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). For 56 destinations, the results of total distance, processing time, and the deviation between exact and approximate method will be compared where the distance between two destinations is a Euclidean distance and this study shows that the distance of B&B is 270 , EFOA is 270 and A3 is 288.38 which deviates 6.81%. For time processing aspect, B&B needs 12.5 days to process, EFOA needs 36.59 seconds, A3 needs 35.34 seconds. But for 29 destinations, exact method is more powerful than approximate method.
Design and analysis of a hydro-powered water turbine pump: a sustainable irrigation infrastructure
Authors: Poudel Sanjay , Adhikari Rosina , Adhikari Shashank , Regmi Manjul , Dura Hari Bahadur 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe agriculture sector of Nepal has been plagued by problems of poor irrigation networks and infrastructure. This has forced farmers to use fuel and electricity-based pumps, which are both expensive and unsustainable. The problems related to the distribution of power and fluctuating voltages add to the ineffectiveness of the electrical pumping system. So, as a better alternative for environment-friendly and inexpensive irrigation infrastructure, this paper proposes a design methodology of a community-operated hydro-powered pump called water turbine pump (WTP). Although introduced in the 1920s, this technology has been largely ignored nowadays. Moreover, there are insufficient literature and technical documentation to support the design decisions for developers. With an objective to induce momentum in the research and development of this technology, this work presents a well-defined methodology to design a WTP using a propeller turbine directly coupled with a centrifugal pump, in reference to a site located in Bardiya, Nepal. The WTP designed using this methodology could utilize a head of 3 m and a flow rate of 150 lps to deliver 14 lps of water to a height of 14.9 m, yielding a head ratio of 1:5, with an overall efficiency of 50.5%.
Review of tools for road runoff quality prediction and application to European roads
Authors: Barbosa Ana Estela , Fernandes João Nuno 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pollutants discharged by roads may impact water bodies and soils. The best method to characterise road runoff is by monitoring, which is not always possible due to human or material constraints. Therefore, prediction tools can be a valuable method to manage road runoff discharges and protect the environment. The present work reviewed and evaluated international tools for road runoff quality prediction, in order to assess if an existing tool could be suitable for wide usage by stakeholders in Europe. Four tools from the USA and Europe were selected and tested at 22 road sites located in regions with annual precipitation values ranging from 500 to 1,000 mm, from seven European countries. The results for the site median concentration (SMC) of total suspended solids (TSS), Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd showed coefficients of determination (R2) from 0.0004 to 0.2890 for the different pollutants and tools. It was concluded that none of the tools could predict the road runoff pollutant concentrations, except for the country where it had been calibrated. The findings support practitioners and researchers all over the world, pointing out directions, and gaps to be filled, regarding the management of road runoff discharges and use of prediction tools.
ZAMACHY SAMOBÓJCZE WŚRÓD DZIECI I MŁODZIEŻY – POTRZEBA PILNEGO WPROWADZENIA STRATEGII PROFILAKTYKI SUICYDALNEJ O RANDZE PROGRAMU NARODOWEGO
Authors: Szajna Arkadiusz Paweł 
Published: September 2021

Przeprowadzona analiza aktualnych danych statystycznych opublikowanych przez Policję pozwala wysnuć stwierdzenie, że problem zamachów samobójczych dzieci i młodzieży w grupie wiekowej 0-18 nadal istnieje, a co najgorsze – eskaluje (730 zamachów samobójczych w 2017 r., 772 w 2018 r., 951 w 2019 r.).
Mając ten problem na uwadze, w niniejszym artykule zwrócono uwagę na czynniki zwiększające prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia zamachów samobójczych, wskazując między innymi, że plany związane z popełnieniem samobójstwa u dzieci z zaburzeniami depresyjnymi rzadziej kończą się śmiercią niż u młodzieży. Ponadto zaznaczono, że w starszej grupie wiekowej pojawia się częściej negatywna ocena samego siebie, świata i przyszłości czy zachowania autodestrukcyjne. Natomiast w grupie adolescentów ryzyko podjęcia próby samobójczej jest bardzo wysokie.
Artykuł podnosi również kwestię konieczności przygotowania i wdrożenia Polskiej Strategii Zapobiegania Samobójstwom jako części Narodowego Programu Zdrowia. Przedstawiono postulaty uczestników I Kongresu Suicydalnego, które w dobie niepokojących danych statystycznych nadal są aktualne. Zaprezentowano również wybrane programy oraz kampanie, których nadrzędnym, ambitnym celem jest zapobieganie zamachom samobójczym.
Estradiol Valerate Enhances Cardiac Function via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway to Protect Against Oxidative Stress by the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in an Ovariectomized Rat Model
Authors: Qian Xin , Wang Jiao , Cai Minghui , Sun Haijuan , Xu Han , Wen Haixia , Zhu Hui 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women and
ovariectomized patients suggests that estrogen has a protective effect on cardiac function. Oxidative stress is the
main cause of CVD, and the cellular defensive Nrf2 antioxidant pathway plays a protective role in various pathologies.
However, the regulation of Nrf2 by estrogen has received little attention.

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the role of Nrf2 in the effect of estrogen on cardiac function.

Methods:
In the present study, female SD rats were divided into three groups as follows: sham operation
(SHAM), bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and bilateral ovariectomy with estradiol valerate (EV) supplementation
(OVX+EV). Vaginal smears and E2 concentrations were used to confirm the success of the model. We compared
cardiac morphology and function by echocardiography and HE staining. The levels of oxidative stress
markers and antioxidant enzymes as well as protein expression of antioxidant genes were evaluated by Western
blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results:
Our results showed that supplementation with estrogen restored the parameters to some extent. Left
ventricular end diastolic diameter at diastolic (LVID;d) and left ventricular volume at diastolic (LV vol;d) increased
but MV E wave/A wave (E/A) significantly decreased. The oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde)
increased, and the antioxidant activity indicators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase
(CAT), decreased. Further, the expression of most Nrf2 antioxidant pathway-related proteins in the heart decreased
after ovariectomy.

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrated that estrogen may protect cardiac function by regulating antioxidant
capacity through the Nrf2 pathway.
Therapeutic Potential of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: He Yi-Sheng , Hu Yu-Qian , Xiang Kun , Chen Yue , Feng Ya-Ting , Yin Kang-Jia , Huang Ji-Xiang , Wang Jie , Wu Zheng-Dong , Wang Gui-Hong , Pan Hai-Feng 
Published: September 2021

:Galectins are a highly conserved protein family that binds to β-galactosides. Different members of this family play a variety of biological functions in physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activity, and cell adhesion. Galectins are widely distributed and play a vital role both inside and outside cells. They can regulate homeostasis and immune function in vivo through mechanisms such as apoptosis. Recent studies have indicated that galectins exhibit pleiotropic roles in inflammation. Furthermore, emerging studies have found that galectins are involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) by regulating cell adhesion, apoptosis, and other mechanisms. This review will briefly discuss the biological characteristics of the two most widely expressed and extensively explored members of the galectin family, galectin-1 and galectin-3, as well as their pathogenetic and therapeutic roles in autoimmune diseases. This information may provide a novel and promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
Quinoxaline: A Chemical Moiety with Spectrum of Interesting Biological Activities
Authors: Sharma Aastha , Deep Aakash , Marwaha Minakshi Gupta , Marwaha Rakesh Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Quinoxaline (C8H6N2), commonly called 1,4-diazanaphthalene, 1,4-benzodiazine, or benzopyrazine,
is a very potent nitrogenous heterocyclic moiety consisting of a benzene ring fused with
the pyrazine ring. A number of different methods for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives have
been reported in the literature, but the most effective method, commonly used for the synthesis of
quinoxaline analogues involves the condensation of substituted o-phenylenediamines with 1, 2- dicarbonyl
compounds in the presence of different catalyst(s). The presence of different types of catalysts
and their concentration affects the overall yield of the product. Quinoxaline not only plays an important
role as an organic reaction intermediate but also has a wide spectrum of interesting biological
activities viz. antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activity,
etc. Some commercially available drug molecules containing quinoxaline moiety are echinomycin
(as antibacterial, antineoplastic, and nucleic acid inhibitor), triostins (cyclic desipeptide as an
antibacterial agent), dioxidine and mequindox (as antibacterial agents), carbadox (controlling swine
dysentery), desoxycarbadox (as swine growth promoter) and panadipion (as hepatoprotective agent),
etc. A large number of quinoxaline analogues possessing different biological activities and their synthetic
procedures have been patented worldwide.