bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Values and preferences for future end‐of‐life care among the indigenous Sámi
Authors: Kroik Lena , Eneslätt Malin , Tishelman Carol , Stoor Krister , Edin‐Liljegren Anette 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntoductionResearch with Indigenous peoples internationally indicates the importance of socio‐cultural contexts for end‐of‐life (EoL) preferences. However, knowledge about values and preferences for future EoL care among the Indigenous Sámi is limited.AimWe investigated if and how a Swedish adaptation of the English‐language GoWish cards, DöBra cards, supports reflection and discussion of values and preferences for future EoL care among the Sámi.MethodsThis qualitative study is based on interviews with 31 self‐defined Sámi adults who used DöBra cards at four events targeting the Sámi population, between August 2019 and February 2020. Using directed content analysis, we examined aspects of interviews addressing Sámi‐specific and Sámi‐relevant motivations for choices. Data about individuals’ card rankings were collated and compiled on group level to examine variation in card choices.FindingsAll 37 pre‐formulated card statements were ranked as a top 10 priority by at least one person. The cards most frequently ranked in the top 10 were a wild card used to formulate an individual preference and thus not representing the same statement, and the pre‐formulated card ‘to have those I am close to around me’. Reactions to interviews varied, with some participants commenting on the taboo‐laden nature of discussing EoL issues, although many commented positively about EoL conversations in general, and the benefit of using the DöBra cards in particular. We categorised reasoning about Sámi‐specific and Sámi‐relevant values and preferences under the themes: Attributes of contemporary Sámi culture, Spirituality, Setting for death, Maintaining identity, Preferences related to death, Dying and EoL care and After death.ConclusionsThe DöBra cards were found to be easy‐to‐use, understandable and a flexible tool for initiating and supporting conversations about EoL values and preferences. The open formulations of cards, with wild cards, enable discussions about individual values and preferences, with potential to reflect life as a Sámi in Sweden.
The Nexus Between Undergraduate and Graduate Reforms
Authors: Wurst Karin A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimed at Ph.D. programs in German, this article offers a broad framework to discuss the urgent issues facing our programs to stem the tide of (possible or even likely) disinvestment in German in times of fiscal hardship. Many conversations on suitable reforms tend to be held separately by different stakeholders – teaching‐focused faculty or language directors and research‐focused faculty or graduate directors respectively. This article proposes to tackle reforms in undergraduate and graduate education in tandem, as we enhance undergraduate programs and socialize our graduate students in this student‐focused effort in the hope of stimulating more ideas and concrete individualized plans to strengthen programs within their specific institutional contexts. The focus for the readership of Die Unterrichtspraxis is on improving undergraduate education coupled with robust cocurricular activities and on educating graduate students by emphasizing graduate students' role as teachers within the institutional learning environment. The other dimension is to build strong competencies in (educational) technology and digital literacy for both undergraduate and graduate students. In their role as future faculty members, graduate students will be the stewards of ongoing holistic reform that dynamically and nimbly adjusts to changing geopolitical and market conditions facing German.
TeachingBabylon Berlin: Language and Culture Through a Hit TV Series
Authors: Sederberg Kathryn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFilm courses are now standard offerings in collegiate world language programs, but instructors have only begun to consider the unique benefits of teaching a television series to engage language learners in meaningful communication. As series have become the entertainment of choice for today's students, educators should consider the opportunities in developing course materials around extensive viewing tasks. Following a literacy‐based approach, this article presents an intermediate language course designed around the hit German‐language TV seriesBabylon Berlin(Sky/ARD 2017‐present). Extensive viewing can help students develop critical interpretative skills and visual literacy while also addressing the need to target students' listening skills. This article situates this course within research on teaching with film and television and highlights how teaching with a series can provide rich cultural content as a backbone for course design that motivates intermediate learners to learn more about interwar history, culture, and politics. The article also offers reflections on the benefits and challenges of using television as a primary text and provides sample classroom activities, assignments, and assessments.
Closing the Loop: Sustainability Coursework in Collaboration with Local and German‐Speaking Partners
Authors: Nolan Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article explores the intersection of international collaboration and community‐engaged learning in the context of a curriculum development project focused on sustainability in German‐speaking cultures. By closing the loop in international exchange between partners abroad and local community organizations, students in German Studies programs can streamline their engagement with sustainability and benefit from active use of their intercultural skill sets. However, significant difficulties arise when trying to simultaneously teach skills traditionally emphasized in German Studies programs, develop successful projects with local community practitioners, and collaborate effectively with international partners. This article discusses an upper‐division course, taught primarily in German, in which students develop group projects by working with peers at a partner institution in Germany. The article provides reflection on three key areas of focus: bolstering students' intercultural abilities to engage with partners abroad, training students to leverage their intercultural skills through virtual exchange, and articulating how cultural context is relevant for ongoing local sustainable development projects. Strengthening these skills allows German Studies students to demonstrate the value of interculturally sensitive collaborators while using their cultural knowledge to benefit local sustainable development work.
Educating university allied health students about gender-based violence: Report of a pilot study
Authors: Doran Frances , Orrock Paul 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Sexual harassment, bullying and discrimination occur across a range of healthcare settings, with frequent complaints made to health professional registration boards of Australia. Health professional education provides an ideal opportunity to ensure students understand the nature of gender-based violence (GBV) and how to prevent and address such behavior. However, there has been minimal health professional curricula that incorporates an integrated focus on gender. The aim of this study was to increase awareness and knowledge of pre-registration health students of the context of GBV and for participants to learn bystander approaches to effectively intervene to reduce violence.Methods: A violence prevention workshop incorporating a bystander approach was developed as a key component of the curriculum for a single discipline cohort of health students. Participants completed a survey pre and post workshop, where they provided responses, on a 5-point Likert scale, to statements exploring attitudes, knowledge and behaviours in relation to behaviours that constitute GBV. Within-subject pre- and post-intervention statistical analysis was completed.Results: The results demonstrated several significant positive changes to knowledge and attitude of the participants in relation to GBV.Conclusions: The findings of the project can inform the development of integrated gender-focused education as a core competency for preparing health professional students across a range of disciplines in clinical health and public health curricula.
Clinical characteristics of Australian osteopaths who teach: A national sample
Authors: Orrock Paul , Vaughan Brett , Fleischmann Michael , Fitzgerald Kylie 
Published: November 2021

Background: Health professionals involved in teaching future practitioners have been studied to some extent, but our knowledge of their clinical characteristics is variable. Our study sought to profile the clinical characteristics of osteopaths who teach in the three Australian universities delivering pre-professional osteopathy education.Materials: This study is a secondary analysis of data collected via the Australian Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION) project. Descriptive statistics were generated for each of the 27-item questionnaire variables. For binary responses, unadjusted odds ratios were calculated, and for continuous variables, independent t-tests were used. Backward step-wise regression modelling was used to identify significant characteristics associated with university teaching in osteopathy. Results: The survey demonstrated 9.9% of Australian osteopaths reported being involved in university teaching. Compared to non-teaching survey respondents, the osteopaths involved in university teaching were more likely to be female (OR 1.56), older (p 0.01) and in clinical practice for longer (p 0.01) but report fewer patient care hours (p 0.01) and patient visits per week (p 0.01). Osteopaths involved in university teaching were also more likely to be involved in research (OR 18.54) and clinical supervision (OR 12.39). They also reported a broader range of patient presentations and therapeutic modalities than their counterparts.Conclusions: This nationally representative survey demonstrates a small percentage of the Australian osteopathy profession are engaged in university teaching. Our secondary analysis has highlighted several characteristics associated with involvement in university teaching that begin to shed light on the composition of the Australian osteopathy teaching workforce. This data may inform development of a skilled and experienced teaching workforce.
The Spectrum Power of Interstellar Plasma Inhomogeneities in the Direction of Eleven Radio Pulsars
Authors: Popov M. V. , Smirnova T. V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have analyzed two-dimensional correlation functions from the dynamic spectra of 11 pulsars using the archival data of the “Radioastron” project. The time-sections of these functions were approximated by exponential functions with a power $$\alpha $$. It is shown that this approximation describes the shape of the correlation function much better than the Gaussian. The temporal structure function $$D(\Delta t)$$ for small values of the delay $$\Delta t$$is a power law with an index $$\alpha $$. The spectrum power of spatial inhomogeneities of the interstellar plasma is related to the power of the structure function as $$n = \alpha + 2$$. We have determined the characteristic scintillation time and the power $$n$$ in the direction of 11 pulsars. In the direction of three pulsars (B0329+54, B0823+26, and B1929+10), the spectrum power of spatial inhomogeneities of the interstellar plasma turned out to be very close to the value for the Kolmogorov spectrum ($$n = 3.67$$). For other pulsars, it ranges from 3.18 to 3.86. It is shown that the measured scintillation parameters are significantly influenced by the duration of the observation session, expressed by its ratio to the characteristic scintillation time. If this parameter is less than 10, the parameter estimates may be biased: the values of $$\alpha $$ and the characteristic scintillation time $${{t}_{{{\text{scint}}}}}$$ may decrease.
Impacts of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and stroke in China real-world setting: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Jie , Dou Ying , Ma Hongshan 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) has notably increased in recent years. However, there is little evidence from large-scale studies assessing the joint effect of T2DM and HTN on the risk of cardiovascular events in China. This study was performed to investigate the association of T2DM and HTN with the incidence of combined vascular events (VEs) and stroke in China.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingData were collected from the SuValue database which includes the electronic medical records of >90 million patients from 161 hospitals across 18 provinces in China.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥18 with a diagnosis of T2DM and/or HTN were included. Non-T2DM and non-HTN patients were included in this study as controls.OutcomesIncidence of combined VEs and stroke during the study.ResultsIn the current study, 8012 patients with T2DM, 9653 patients with HTN, 3592 patients with both T2DM and HTN and 10 561 patients without T2DM or HTN were included. T2DM was significantly associated with combined VE and stroke risk (HR 1.332, 95% CI 1.134 to 1.565 and HR 1.584, 95% CI 1.246 to 2.014, respectively). HTN was significantly associated with combined VE and stroke risk (HR 3.244, 95% CI 2.946 to 3.572 and HR 4.543, 95% CI 3.918 to 5.268, respectively). T2DM combined with HTN was significantly associated with combined VE and stroke risk (HR 3.002, 95% CI 2.577 to 3.497 and HR 4.151, 95% CI 3.346 to 5.149, respectively). HTN was associated with a higher combined VE and stroke risk than T2DM (HR 2.435, 95% CI 2.113 to 2.805 and HR 2.868, 95% CI 2.341 to 3.513, respectively).ConclusionT2DM and HTN were strongly associated with combined VE and stroke risk; however, the HTN-only group had a higher combined VE and stroke risk than the T2DM-only group.
SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection among patients with severe acute respiratory infection during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: a hospital-based descriptive study
Authors: Akhtar Zubair , Islam Md Ariful , Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Mah-E-Muneer Syeda , Ahmmed M Kaousar , Ghosh Probir K , Rahman Mustafizur , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Sumiya Mariya Kibtiya , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Shirin Tahmina , Alamgir A S M , Banu Sayera , Rahman Mahmudur , Chowdhury Fahmida 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo estimate the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection among severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases-patients during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.DesignDescriptive study.SettingNine tertiary level hospitals across Bangladesh.ParticipantsPatients admitted as SARI (defined as cases with subjective or measured fever of ≥38 C° and cough with onset within the last 10 days and requiring hospital admission) case-patients.Primary and secondary outcomesProportion of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection and proportion of mortality among SARI case-patients.ResultsWe enrolled 1986 SARI case-patients with a median age: 28 years (IQR: 1.2–53 years), and 67.6% were male. Among them, 285 (14.3%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2; 175 (8.8%) were infected with the influenza virus, and five (0.3%) were coinfected with both viruses. There was a non-appearance of influenza during the usual peak season (May to July) in Bangladesh. SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly more associated with diabetes (14.0% vs 5.9%, p<0.001) and hypertension (26.7% vs 11.5%, p<0.001). But influenza among SARI case-patients was significantly less associated with diabetes (4.0% vs 7.4%, p=0.047) and hypertension (5.7% vs 14.4%, p=0.001). The proportion of in-hospital deaths among SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI case-patients were higher (10.9% (n=31) vs 4.4% (n=75), p<0.001) than those without SARS-CoV-2 infection; the proportion of postdischarge deaths within 30 days was also higher (9.1% (n=25) vs 4.6% (n=74), p=0.001) among SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI case-patients than those without infection. No in-hospital mortality or postdischarge mortality was registered among the five coinfected SARI case-patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus was not very common and had less disease severity considering mortality in Bangladesh. There was no circulating influenza virus during the influenza peak season during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Future studies are warranted for further exploration.
Live birth after additional tubal flushing with oil-based contrast versus no additional flushing: a randomised, multicentre, parallel-group pragmatic trial in infertile women with at least one patent tube at hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HYFOIL study)
Authors: De Neubourg Diane , Janssens Lara , Verhaegen Iris , Smits Elke , Mol Ben W , Roelant Ella 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionTubal patency testing is an essential part in the fertility workup of many subfertile women. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) has long been the test of choice in many clinics. There is evidence from a large randomised multicentre trial and from a recent meta-analysis that women who had HSG using oil soluble contrast medium (OSCM) had higher rates of ongoing pregnancy compared with women who underwent this procedure using water contrast. However, the field is moving away from HSG and nowadays hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (Hyfosy) using ultrasound guidance is considered as the first line office tubal patency test. Therefore, a large multicentre randomised clinical trial (RCT) will be initiated to evaluate if flushing the fallopian tubes with OSCM after a normal Hyfosy showing at least one patent fallopian tube will increase the live birth rate as compared with no flushing.Methods and analysisWe plan a multicentre two arm, 1:1 randomised, open-label pragmatic comparative trial in 12 Belgian centres. After informed consent, we will randomise infertile women between 18 and 40 years of age, undergoing Hyfosy as part of the fertility workup to Hyfosy with additional tubal flushing with OSCM versus Hyfosy without additional flushing. Infertility is defined as lack of conception despite 12 months of unprotected intercourse, or three cycles of donor insemination without pregnancy or three ovulatory ovulation induction cycles without pregnancy, all three in combination with at least one patent tube on Hyfosy. Primary endpoint will be live birth with conception within 6 months after randomisation.Ethics and disseminationApproval on 11 May 2021 by the Ethics Committee from ZNA Hospital Antwerp who was the central Ethics Committee for the Clinical Trial Regulation Pilot (Pilot 412) in the 12 centres. The findings from this RCT will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific international meetings.Trial registration numbersEudraCT number: 2020-002135-30 andNCT04379973.
Rapid Assay for Sick Children with Acute Lung infection Study (RASCALS): diagnostic cohort study protocol
Authors: Clark John Alexander , Kean Iain Robert Louis , Curran Martin D , Khokhar Fahad , White Deborah , Daubney Esther , Conway Morris Andrew , Navapurkar Vilas , Bartholdson Scott Josefin , Maes Mailis , Bousfield Rachel , Gouliouris Theodore , Agrawal Shruti , Inwald David , Zhang Zhenguang , Török M Estée , Baker Stephen , Pathan Nazima 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionLower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the most commonly treated infection in critically ill children. Pathogens are infrequently identified on routine respiratory culture, and this is a time-consuming process. A syndromic approach to rapid molecular testing that includes a wide range of bacterial and fungal targets has the potential to aid clinical decision making and reduce unnecessary broad spectrum antimicrobial prescribing. Here, we describe a single-centre prospective cohort study investigating the use of a 52-pathogen TaqMan array card (TAC) for LRTI in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods and analysisCritically ill children with suspected LRTI will be enrolled to this 100 patient single-centre prospective observational study in a PICU in the East of England. Samples will be obtained via routine non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage which will be sent for standard microbiology culture in addition to TAC. A blood draw will be obtained via any existing vascular access device. The primary outcomes of the study will be (1) concordance of TAC result with routine culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and (2) time of diagnostic result from TAC versus routine culture. Secondary outcomes will include impact of the test on total antimicrobial prescriptions, a description of the inflammatory profile of the lung and blood in response to pneumonia and a description of the clinical experience of medical and nursing staff using TAC.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Yorkshire and the Humber-Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 20/YH/0089). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be published in peer-reviewed publications and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04233268.
Trajectory of inhaled cadmium ultrafine particles in smokers
Authors: Fireman Klein Einat , Klein Ilan , Ephrat Omer , Dekel Yoram , Kessel Aharon , Adir Yochai 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionTobacco smoking is a significant source of cadmium exposure among smokers. Most of inhaled heavy metals, including cadmium, are attached to ultrafine particles (UFPs) surface. A low inhaled UFP content in exhaled breath condensate reflects a high inflammatory status of airways. Increased respiratory epithelial permeability and translocation to the circulation is the proposed mechanism. UFP recovered from smokers’ airways have high levels of cadmium compared with the airways of non-smokers.MethodsUrine was collected from 22 smokers subjects and 43 non-smokers. Samples were analysed for UFP and cadmium content. UFP were measured in urine samples by means of the NanoSight LM20 system (NanoSight, UK). A Niton XL3 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analyzer (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Germany) quantified heavy metal contents in the urine samples.ResultsSmokers had elevated UFP and cadmium content in urine compared with non-smokers (4.6 E8/mL and 20.6 ppm vs 3.4 E8/mL and 18.5 ppm, p=0.05 and p=0.05, respectively). Smokers had elevated levels of lead and rubidium compared with non-smokers (8.9 ppm and 27 ppm vs 7.8 ppm and 2 ppm, p=0.05 and p=0.04, respectively)DiscussionWe suggest that the trajectory of cadmium-related UFP in smokers begins by its inhalation into the airways. The UFPs induce inflammation and oxidative stress in the small airways, are subsequently translocated from the interstitium to the circulation and are finally detected and secreted in urine