bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizens influencing public policy‐making: Resourcing as source of relational power in e‐participation platforms
Authors: Coelho Taiane Ritta , Pozzebon Marlei , Cunha Maria Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractE‐participation platforms create spaces and opportunities for participation and collaboration between governments and citizens. This paper aims to investigate the role of power on formal e‐participation platforms and digital spaces that are controlled by the governments. Although those types of platforms have been increasing in numerous countries, they have been criticised as often leading to a lack of or decrease in citizen engagement. We propose a relational view that examines how power is related to the use of resources in practice, that is, to resourcing. To explore this issue, we examine citizens' participation on three urban mobility platforms in three major Brazilian cities. Our study makes two main contributions. First, we contribute to the literature on e‐participation by explaining how a relational view of power helps to understand the nature and consequences of citizen participation in public policy‐making. Second, we integrate the concept of resourcing as both a source and constitutive element of relational power. We propose a process‐based model of resourcing as power that opens the black box of resourcing through the identification of three distinct phases in time: resourcing IN, resourcing WITHIN and resourcing OUT.
A multi‐level examination of nursing students' resilience in the face of the COVID‐19 outbreak: A cross‐sectional design
Authors: Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Goldblatt Hadass , Admi Hanna , Blau Ayala , Ohana Irit , Itzhaki Michal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine nursing students' stress and coping with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic through an ecological model of resilience. Specifically, to examine the relative contribution of different resilience levels in decreasing nursing students' strain symptoms: at the individual level, resilience trait; at the relational level, students' coping strategies; at the university level, nursing students' perceptions on their university's readiness to handle the virus outbreak; and at the national level, nursing students' trust in policymakers' decisions.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional design.MethodsUndergraduate students of five universities were recruited via an electronic link sent to their emails during the first months of the COVID‐19 outbreak: May–July 2020. Of them, 492 participants completed the research questionnaire.ResultsHierarchical Regression Analysis revealed that nursing students' resilience, as a multi‐level factor, decreased the students' level of strain symptoms above and beyond their stress levels and control variables. Specifically, the nursing students' trait resilience, perceptions of their university's positive response to the pandemic and trust in their national policymakers were negatively associated with their strain symptoms. Conversely, disengagement‐in‐emotion coping strategies was positively associated with the students' strain symptoms.ConclusionsNursing students' resilience should be seen as a flexible resource that can be developed and influenced by their academic and clinical training, and by the intentions and actions of their university and the nursing administration at the Ministry of Health (MOH).ImpactThe findings call for the nursing administration at the MOH and for the university deans and department heads to prepare in advance a crisis plan that could be rapidly and effectively implemented when needed. Furthermore, topics such as developing flexible coping strategies should be integrated into the nursing curricula. These would allow students to prepare and cope better with adversity in their routine and in times of crisis.
Anti‐natalism and the Creation of Artificial Minds
Authors: Chomanski Bartlomiej “Bartek” 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTMust opponents of creating conscious artificial agents embrace anti‐natalism? Must anti‐natalists be against the creation of conscious artificial agents? This article examines three attempts to argue against the creation of potentially conscious artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of these questions. The examination reveals that the argumentative strategy each author pursues commits them to the anti‐natalist position with respect to procreation; that is to say, each author's argument, if applied consistently, should lead them to embrace the conclusion that procreation is, at best, morally problematic. However, the article also argues that anti‐natalists can find the production of some possible artificially conscious AI permissible. Thus, the creation of potentially conscious AI could be accepted by both friends and foes of anti‐natalism.
Improvement of group climate in a residential setting for juveniles with mild intellectual disability through training of staff in Non‐Violent Resistance
Authors: Visser Katharina M. , Popma Arne , Jansen Lucres M. C. , Kasius Marianne C. , Vermeiren Robert R. J. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn open group climate is essential in successful residential care for juveniles with mild intellectual disability (MID). This study examined whether non‐violent resistance, adapted for MID (NVR‐MID), stimulates an open group climate in time.MethodNVR‐MID was implemented in three residential settings in The Netherlands, in a quasi‐experimental stepped wedge design. In total, 124 clients with MID (Mage = 16.39 [SD = 4.95], 49.9% male) participated. Group climate was assessed seven times with the Group Climate Inventory for Children or the Group Climate Inventory‐Revisited (GCI‐R), during a total of 20 months.ResultsOpen group climate scores increased in all three institutions; effect size was medium. Clients with lower IQs experienced group climate as more positive compared to clients with higher IQs. Effects were similar for both groups.ConclusionsAs NVR‐MID appeared to contribute to a positive experienced group climate, it might be advisable to implement NVR‐MID on larger scale.
The impact of nutrition on sleep in people with an intellectual disability: An integrative literature review
Authors: Harper Lynette , Ooms Ann , Tuffrey Wijne Irene 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities are more likely to experience sleep problems. Sleep can impact on health and well‐being; therefore, evidence‐based interventions are required to improve sleep in this population.MethodAn integrative literature review was conducted on the impact of nutrition on sleep in people with intellectual disabilities. Following screening of papers (n = 289), 14 papers met the inclusion criteria.ResultsThemes related to nutrition and improved overall well‐being, use of nutritional supplements, specific foods, links to health comorbidities and food fussiness.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive review completed on nutritional interventions to improve sleep in people with intellectual disabilities. Dietary patterns may be an important factor to improving the quality and quantity of sleep. However, the current literature regarding the benefit of improved nutrition on sleep in people with an intellectual disability needs to be interpreted with caution.
Outcome of 10 years of ear and hearing screening in people with intellectual disability in Europe: A multicentre study
Authors: Willems Melina , van Berlaer Gerlant , Maes Leen , Leyssens Laura , Koehler Bjoern , Marks Luc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUndetected ear and hearing problems negatively impact the quality of life of people with intellectual disability.MethodsThis multicentre retrospective study describes the outcome of 10 years of ear and hearing screening in athletes with intellectual disability in seven European countries. The screening was conducted by a trained team using a strictly standardised protocol.ResultsOf 15,363 screened athletes with intellectual disability, more than half (58.7%) needed referral for ear and/or hearing problems, ranging from 51.7% (<20 years old) to 81.4% (≥60 years old). The most commonly detected conditions were excessive/impacted earwax (40.3%), middle ear problems (30.1%) and hearing loss (27.0%), with significant differences between age groups and countries.DiscussionThis study demonstrates an increased risk of ear and hearing problems in people with intellectual disability as compared to the general population. Considering the unawareness and impact of these problems, it is highly recommended to organise systematic screening. Follow‐up for diagnostic elaboration, therapeutic management and long‐term guidance should be provided.
Homeward bound: Exploring the motives of mothers who brought their offspring with intellectual disabilities home from residential settings during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Vereijken Frances R. , Giesbers Sanne A. H. , Jahoda Andrew , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAt the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, some parents in the Netherlands decided to bring their offspring with intellectual disabilities, who normally live in residential care, home. The present study explored why the mothers decided to bring their offspring home.MethodInterviews were carried out with seven mothers of adults with intellectual disabilities. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to establish in‐depth accounts of the mothers' experiences.ResultsThe analysis yielded three overarching themes: (a) Families are indispensable; (b) the complex role of being a mother of a child with intellectual disabilities; and (c) Who is looking out for our offspring during COVID‐19?ConclusionsThe mothers experienced a strong sense of wanting to do what was best for their offspring with intellectual disabilities during COVID‐19. The study provides insight into why mothers remain involved in the care for their offspring and the complexity of navigating lifelong care responsibilities.
Root trait variation of seed plants from China and the primary drivers
Authors: An Nannan , Lu Nan , Fu Bojie , Chen Weiliang , Keyimu Maierdang , Wang Mengyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimRoot traits play important roles in plant growth and ecosystem processes. Clarifying the primary drivers of variation in root traits is indispensable for understanding and predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes.LocationChina.TaxonSeed plant species.MethodsWe compiled six key first‐order root traits of 437 seed plant species from different biomes, phylogenetic affiliations, plant growth forms and mycorrhizal types in China. The six root traits included root diameter (RD), root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), root C content (RCC), root N content (RNC) and root C:N ratio (RCN), which are highly relevant for plant growth rate and resource acquisition. The phylogenetic linear mixed model was employed to examine the effects of climate and soil variables on root traits and to quantify the relative contributions of environment, phylogeny, plant growth form and mycorrhizal type to root trait variation.ResultsEnvironment explained most of the variations in RTD and RCC (37.4% and 24.2%, respectively). Mean precipitation of the wettest quarter and mean diurnal temperature range were the main climate drivers of RTD and RCC, respectively. Phylogeny contributed the most to the variation in RD, RNC and RCN (27.0%–52.3%). SRL showed strong links to both environment and phylogeny (35.0% and 27.8%, respectively). However, plant growth form and mycorrhizal type had little effect on root trait variation (<6.0%).Main conclusionsOur study revealed the primary drivers of variations in different root traits of seed plants in China. Climate variability and seasonality variables were more important factors driving root trait variation than the annual averages of temperature and precipitation. Incorporating the different responses of root traits to changing environments and phylogenetic affiliations observed in the present study into terrestrial ecosystem models will improve our ability to predict future vegetation distribution and ecosystem functions under global change.
IRF1 as a potential biomarker in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Wu Liwei , Cheng Qiliang , Wen Zilu , Song Yanzheng , Zhu Yijun , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major global public health problem. The purpose of this study was to find biomarkers that can be used to diagnose tuberculosis. We used four NCBI GEO data sets to conduct analysis. Among the four data sets, GSE139825 is lung tissue microarray, and GSE83456, GSE19491 and GSE50834 are blood microarray. The differential genes of GSE139825 and GSE83456 were 68 and 226, and intersection genes were 11. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of 11 intersection genes revealed that the changes were mostly enriched in regulation of leucocyte cell‐cell adhesion and regulation of T‐cell activation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that the host response in TB strongly involves cytokine‐cytokine receptor interactions and folate biosynthesis. In order to further narrow the range of biomarkers, we used protein‐protein interaction to establish a hub gene network of two data sets and a network of 11 candidate genes. Eventually, IRF1 was selected as a biomarker. As validation, IRF1 levels were shown to be up‐regulated in patients with TB relative to healthy controls in data sets GSE19491 and GSE50834. Additionally, IRF1 levels were measured in the new patient samples using ELISA. IRF1 was seen to be significantly up‐regulated in patients with TB compared with healthy controls with an AUC of 0.801. These results collectively indicate that IRF1 could serve as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Engineering Tools for Regulating Hypoxia in Tumour Models
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Green Steven D. , Lin Chien‐Chi , Konig Heiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMajor advances in the field of genomic technologies have led to an improvement in cancer diagnosis, classification and prognostication. However, many cancers remain incurable due to the development of drug resistance, minimal residual disease (MRD) and disease relapse, highlighting an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying these processes. In recent years, the impact of non‐genetic factors on neoplastic transformations has increasingly been acknowledged, and growing evidence suggests that low oxygen (O2) levels (ie hypoxia) in the tumour microenvironment play a critical role in the development and treatment of cancer. As a result, there is a growing need to develop research tools capable of reproducing physiologically relevant O2 conditions encountered by cancer cells in their natural environments in order to gain in‐depth insight into tumour cell metabolism and function. In this review, the authors highlight the importance of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases and provide an overview of novel engineering tools that have the potential to further drive this evolving, yet technically challenging, field of cancer research.
Drivers of phenotypic variation in cartilage: Circadian clock genes
Authors: Song Xiaopeng , Bai Hui , Meng Xinghua , Xiao Jianhua , Gao Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEndogenous homeostasis and peripheral tissue metabolism are disrupted by irregular fluctuations in activation, movement, feeding and temperature, which can accelerate negative biological processes and lead to immune reactions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). This review summarizes abnormal phenotypes in articular joint components such as cartilage, bone and the synovium, attributed to the deletion or overexpression of clock genes in cartilage or chondrocytes. Understanding the functional mechanisms of different genes, the differentiation of mouse phenotypes and the prevention of joint ageing and disease will facilitate future research.
N4BP2L1 interacts with dynactin and contributes to GLUT4 trafficking and glucose uptake in adipocytes
Authors: Watanabe Kazuhisa , Matsumoto Ayumi , Tsuda Hidetoshi , Iwamoto Sadahiko 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionIt was reported previously that N4bp2l1 expression increases in 3T3‐L1 cells in a differentiation‐dependent manner and N4bp2l1 knockdown suppresses adipocyte differentiation. However, the physiological function of N4BP2L1 in adipocytes remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological mechanism of N4bp2l1 expression and the role of N4BP2L1 in the physiological function of adipocytes.Materials and MethodsAnalysis of gene expression levels of N4bp2l1 in adipose tissue during feeding in mice was conducted. Identification of transcription factors that regulate N4bp2l1 expression was conducted using a reporter assay. Investigation of N4BP2L1‐interacting proteins was carried out using immunoprecipitation. A GLUT4 translocation assay and a glucose uptake assay in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were performed using N4bp2l1 overexpression and knockdown adenovirus.ResultsThe results indicated that N4bp2l1 is a novel FoxO1 target gene and its expression is controlled by the insulin‐mediated regulation of FoxO1. N4BP2L1 interacts with dynactin, which binds to the microtubule motor dynein, indicating that N4BP2L1 is involved in GLUT4 trafficking and glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.ConclusionsOur results suggest that N4BP2L1 is involved in adipocyte homeostasis by interacting with dynein–dynactin and affecting GLUT4‐mediated glucose uptake and the insulin signaling pathway.
Caregiver‐reported executive functioning and associated adaptive and challenging behaviour in children with histories of developmental delay
Authors: Barton H. , McIntyre L. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeficits in executive functioning (EF) have been measured in individuals with developmental disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, through the use of behaviour rating scales and performance‐based assessment. Associations between EF and variables such as challenging and adaptive behaviour have been observed; however, limited research exists on EF profiles in children with heterogeneous developmental delay or with intellectual disability (ID) or the impact of EF on adaptive and challenging behaviour with this population.MethodsThe present study sought to examine the EF profile of 93 children (75 male and 18 female) previously identified with developmental delay in early childhood. EF was assessed using the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF‐2). Children were categorised into an ID group (n = 14) or no ID group (n = 79) based on scores from cognitive and adaptive behaviour assessments. EF profiles were investigated and compared by group. In addition, the impact of EF on both adaptive behaviour and challenging behaviour was measured using hierarchical linear regressions.ResultsStatistically significant differences in caregiver‐reported EF were not observed between groups; however, both the ID and the no ID group scores were elevated as reported by their caregivers. For the overall sample, caregiver‐EF accounted for significant variance in both adaptive (22%) and challenging (68%) behaviour after accounting for child age and sex.ConclusionsResults indicated deficits in EF for children with and without ID. The significance of EF was accounted for in both adaptive and challenging behaviour for all children in the sample. Future research could elucidate the role of adaptive and challenging behaviour in understanding EF variability among children with histories of developmental delay.
The psychodermatological role of cosmetic dermatologists and beauticians in addressing charismaphobia and related mental disorders
Authors: Husain Waqar , Zahid Neha , Jehanzeb Areej , Mehmood Momina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsychodermatology is an emerging field that relates cosmetic dermatology with several mental abnormalities associated with appearance and attraction. Being a latest field, psychodermatology lacks research in several fundamental aspects. The current study intended to analyze the prevalent role of cosmetic dermatologists and beauticians in handling the psychological issues of their clients, and to educate them on the relevant mental conditions associated with cosmetic dermatology, beauty, and attraction.MethodThe first aspect of the study involved interviewing cosmetic dermatologists (n = 30) and beauticians (n = 73) to analyze their psychodermatological role with their clients. The second aspect of the study intended to educate cosmetic dermatologists and beauticians on the relevant psychopathology which would possibly be present among their clients.ResultsThe findings revealed that the cosmetic dermatologists and beauticians were aware of several psychopathological issues of their clients. However, they were unable to identify and label the appropriate clinical diagnoses in this regard. Their clients did possess tendencies toward social anxiety disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, charismaphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, histrionic personality disorder, gerascophobia, and narcissistic personality disorder. The study also confirmed a significant rise in their clientele due to the psychopathological issues faced by their clients. The study also found cosmetic dermatologists and beauticians involved in providing psychological counseling to their clients while being untrained.ConclusionThe current paper is a valuable contribution to the under‐researched field of psychodermatology. It analyzed the existing psychodermatological role of cosmetic dermatologists and beauticians and facilitated them to practice in a more educated way.
Fractional versus full ablative CO2 laser in recipient site of non‐cultured melanocytes and keratinocyte transplantation in treatment of vitiligo
Authors: Jamal‐edine Alzahraa Mohammed , El‐Barbary Rasha Aly , Moftah Nayera Hassan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelanocyte‐keratinocyte transplant procedure (MKTP) or non‐cultured epidermal cell suspension transplantation is a very popular surgical modality for treating stable vitiligo. The recipient‐site preparation is one potential determinant in the repigmentation outcomes.AimTo assess the efficacy of fractional CO2 (FCO2) laser in recipient‐site preparation before MKTP and comparing it to the frequently used full surface laser ablation.MethodsThis randomized comparative trial included 19 patients with 40 stable vitiligo lesions. In each patient, the treated sites were randomly categorized into two groups according to the recipient‐site ablation (either fractional or full ablative CO2 laser). Assessment of repigmentation was performed six months after the procedure.ResultsBoth modalities achieved successful repigmentation of a median of 80% and 77.5% for fractional and full ablation groups, respectively, with a non‐statistically significant difference between them. The median of VASI change percent was −73% and −71% with fractional and full surface ablation, respectively.ConclusionsFCO2 laser ablation is effective for recipient‐site preparation before cell suspension transplantation as well as the full ablative CO2 laser.