bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Implementation of a Multidisciplinary COVID‐19 Cytokine Storm Syndrome Task Force
Authors: Ayesha Bibi , Kumthekar Anand , Jain Ruchi , Patel Sneha , Ramesh Manish , Ferastraoaru Denisa E , Hudes Golda , Karagic Merhunisa , Zafar Sheema , Bartash Rachel , Vasquez‐Canizares Natalia , Kitsis Elizabeth , Tagoe Clement , Wahezi Dawn M. , Rubinstein Tamar , Broder Anna 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivePatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can progress to a state of unregulated inflammation called cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). We describe formation and operation of a COVID‐19 multidisciplinary consultation service that was allowed to individualize treatment for critically ill patients with COVID‐19 during the pandemic.MethodsInstitutional experts from different subspecialties formed a COVID‐19 CSS task force at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY. They agreed on a set of four clinical and six laboratory parameters that can help early identify COVID‐19 CSS. We describe the formation and implementation of the COVID‐19 task force. The case series description of the COVID‐19 CSS consultation cohort highlights consultation volume, baseline characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters, and how biologic treatments were allocated to these patients.ResultsBetween April 4,2020, and May 7,2020, the COVID‐19 CSS task force was formed, consisting of adult and pediatric rheumatologists and allergy and immunology physicians. The task force evaluated a total of 288 patients, of whom 197 (68%) were male, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 62 (51‐70) years, 122 (42%) were Hispanic, and 88 (31%) were Black or African American. The common presenting symptoms in all referred patients were dyspnea (85%) and diarrhea (80%). Thirty‐one patients who received biologic therapy were younger, with a median (IQR) age of 53 (32‐63) years, as opposed to 62.5 (52‐70) years in the nonbiologic group (P = 0.008). A higher proportion receiving biologics was in the critical care setting (26 [84%] vs 151 [59%]; P = 0.006).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first multidisciplinary collaborative effort to provide individualized patient recommendations for evaluation and treatment of patients with COVID‐19 who may have CSS. This working model helped to devise an approach that may have identified patients who were most likely to benefit from biologic therapy in the absence of evidence‐based guidelines.
Significant Enhancement of Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in BiSbTe‐Based Composites by Incorporating Carbon Microfiber
Authors: Yang Guangsai , Sang Lina , Yun Frank Fei , Mitchell David R. G. , Casillas Gilberto , Ye Ning , See Khay , Pei Jun , Wang Xungai , Li Jing‐Feng , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBismuth telluride‐based materials are already being commercially developed for thermoelectric (TE) cooling devices and power generators. However, the relatively low efficiency, which is characterized by a TE figure of merit, zT, is the main obstacle to more widespread application. Significant advances in the TE performance have been made through boundary engineering via embedding nanoinclusions or nanoscale grains. Herein, an effective approach to greatly enhance the TE performance of p‐type BiSbTe material by incorporating carbon microfibers is reported. A high zT of 1.4 at 375 K and high average zT of 1.25 for temperatures in the range of 300 to 500 K is achieved in the BiSbTe/carbon microfiber (BST/CF) composite materials. Their superior TE performance originates from the low thermal conductivity and the relatively high power factor. A TE unicouple device based on the p‐type BST/CF composite material and the commercially available n‐type bismuth telluride‐based material shows a huge cooling temperature drop in the operating temperature range of 299–375 K, and is greatly superior to the unicouple device made of both commercial p‐type and n‐type bismuth telluride‐based material. The materials demonstrate a high average zT and excellent mechanical properties and are strong candidates for practical applications.
Encoding Information on the Excited State of a Molecular Spin Chain
Authors: Katcko Kostantine , Urbain Etienne , Ngassam Franck , Kandpal Lalit , Chowrira Bhavishya , Schleicher Filip , Halisdemir Ufuk , Wang Di , Scherer Torsten , Mertz Damien , Leconte Benoit , Beyer Nicolas , Spor Daniel , Panissod Pierre , Boulard Arnaud , Arabski Jacek , Kieber Christophe , Sternitzky Emmanuel , Da Costa Victor , Hehn Michel , Montaigne François , Bahouka Armel , Weber Wolfgang , Beaurepaire Eric , Kübel Christian , Lacour Daniel , Alouani Mébarek , Boukari Samy , Bowen Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe quantum states of nano‐objects can drive electrical transport properties across lateral and local‐probe junctions. This raises the prospect, in a solid‐state device, of electrically encoding information at the quantum level using spin‐flip excitations between electron spins. However, this electronic state has no defined magnetic orientation and is short‐lived. Using a novel vertical nanojunction process, these limitations are overcome and this steady‐state capability is experimentally demonstrated in solid‐state spintronic devices. The excited quantum state of a spin chain formed by Co phthalocyanine molecules coupled to a ferromagnetic electrode constitutes a distinct magnetic unit endowed with a coercive field. This generates a specific steady‐state magnetoresistance trace that is tied to the spin‐flip conductance channel, and is opposite in sign to the ground state magnetoresistance term, as expected from spin excitation transition rules. The experimental 5.9 meV thermal energy barrier between the ground and excited spin states is confirmed by density functional theory, in line with macrospin phenomenological modeling of magnetotransport results. This low‐voltage control over a spin chain's quantum state and spintronic contribution lay a path for transmitting spin wave‐encoded information across molecular layers in devices. It should also stimulate quantum prospects for the antiferromagnetic spintronics and oxides electronics communities.
Nonlinear Photonics Using Low‐Dimensional Metal‐Halide Perovskites: Recent Advances and Future Challenges
Authors: Chen Weiqiang , Zhang Feng , Wang Cong , Jia Mingshuang , Zhao Xinghang , Liu Zhaoran , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Yupeng , Zhang Han 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLow‐dimensional metal‐halide perovskites have exhibited significantly superior nonlinear optical properties compared to traditional semiconductor counterparts, thanks to their peculiar physical and electronic structures. Their exceptional nonlinear optical characteristics make them excellent candidates for revolutionizing widespread applications. However, the research of nonlinear photonics based on low‐dimensional metal‐halide perovskites is in its infancy. There is a lack of comprehensive and in‐depth summary of this research realm. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art research progress related to third‐and higher‐order nonlinear optical properties of low‐dimensional metal‐halide perovskites with diverse crystal structures from 3D down to 0D, together with their practical applications, is summarized comprehensively. Critical discussions are offered on the fundamental mechanisms beneath their exceptional nonlinear optical performance from the physics viewpoint, attempting to disclose the role of intrinsic attributes (e.g., composition, bandgap, size, shape, and structure) and external modulation strategies (e.g., developing core–shell structures, transition metal ion doping, and hybridization with dielectric microspheres) in tuning the response. Additionally, their potential applications in nonlinear photonics, nonlinear optoelectronics, and biophotonics are systematically and thoroughly summed up and categorized. Lastly, insights into the current technical challenges and future research opportunities of nonlinear photonics based on low‐dimensional metal‐halide perovskites are provided.
Polycationic Polymer Layer for Air‐Stable and Dendrite‐Free Li Metal Anodes in Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Wu Jingyi , Rao Zhixiang , Liu Xueting , Shen Yue , Fang Chun , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Zhang Wuxing , Xie Xiaolin , Huang Yunhui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe short cycle life and safety concerns caused by uncontrollable dendrite growth have severely hindered the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Here, a polycationic and hydrophobic polymer protective layer fabricated by a scalable tape‐casting method is developed to enable air‐stable, dendrite‐free, and highly efficient Li metal anodes. The polymeric cations of poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium) (PDDA) provide an electrostatic shielding effect that unifies Li+ flux at the surface of the Li anode and promotes a homogeneous Li plating, while the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anions bring hydrophobic characteristics and improve moisture stability. The accumulated TFSI anions by the polycationic film also facilitate the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Steady Li plating/stripping in the carbonate electrolyte can be achieved under a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 for 700 h with Li utilization efficiency up to 51.6%. LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and LiFePO4 cells using the modified anode exhibit much improved electrochemical performance compared with the bare Li counterpart. Moreover, ultrasonic imaging shows no gas generation in the modified Li/LiFePO4 pouch cell. Mechanism investigation demonstrates the stable SEI and homogeneous Li deposition derived by the polycationic layer.
Luminous Butterflies: Rational Molecular Design to Optimize Crystal Packing for Dramatically Enhanced Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Ruan Zhijun , Liao Qiuyan , Dang Qianxi , Chen Xiaoli , Deng Chunyun , Gao Ziru , Lin Junqi , Liu Shanshan , Chen Yanmei , Tian Zhengfang , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn general, the properties of organic molecules for persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP) rely heavily on the molecular packing in aggregated state, and the molecular packing is highly related to the structure and electronic properties of molecules. Thus, through rational design of molecules, it is possible to control the packing and hence the properties of p‐RTP molecules. In this work, traditional CO is replaced by phthalide (PT) unit to achieve desired molecular packing with strong intermolecular interactions. Butterfly‐like molecules are successfully synthesized, which show bright mechanoluminescence (ML) as well as robust p‐RTP effect with phosphorescence lifetime (τp) up to 810 ms and efficiency (ΦP) of 5.1%. Compared to their contrastive carbonyl‐only molecules, two butterfly‐like molecules increase their τp from 12.1 to 810 ms and 1.3 to 396 ms, respectively. Herein, from elaborate molecular structure design to the expected packing, and then to excellent performance, new pure organic p‐RTP and ML molecules are shared for the better understanding of the molecular structure–packing–performance relationship.
Photoluminescence of Bound‐Exciton Complexes and Assignment to Shallow Defects in Methylammonium/Formamidinium Lead Iodide Mixed Crystals
Authors: Francisco‐López Adrián , Charles Bethan , Alonso M. Isabel , Garriga Miquel , Weller Mark T. , Goñi Alejandro R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe high defect tolerance of metal halide perovskites, in terms of their exceptional optoelectronic properties, is assumed to be due to the very fact that most native point defects are shallow, which does not contribute to the non‐radiative recombination of free carriers. Here, a systematic study is presented, which concerns the evolution of shallow‐defect signatures observed at low temperatures in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of mixed organic‐cation lead iodide perovskite single crystals (FAxMA1−xPbI3, where MA stands for methylammonium and FA for formamidinium). Below ≈100 K, a number of peak‐like features become clearly apparent in the PL spectra at energies lower than the strong free‐exciton emission, which are related to the radiative recombination of bound exciton complexes associated with native shallow defects (donors and/or acceptors). Based on state‐of‐the‐art ab initio calculations, a tentative assignment is provided for all PL features to different shallow‐defects (Pb, I, and MA vacancies as well as I interstitials) typically present in hybrid perovskites. The defect‐related signatures exhibit a clear trend regarding the mixed‐crystal composition, indicating that the material becomes less prone to defect formation with increasing FA content.
Non‐Rare‐Earth UVC Persistent Phosphors Enabled by Bismuth Doping
Authors: Liu Qi , Feng Zhao‐Yang , Li Hong , Zhao Qing , Shirahata Naoto , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Moriyoshi Chikako , Duan Chang‐Kui , Sun Hong‐Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLong persistent phosphors (LPPs) have drawn tremendous research interest owing to their mysterious optical phenomena and widespread applications. LPPs in the ultraviolet‐C (UVC, 200–280 nm) spectral range particularly hold promise in terms of sterilization, drug release, and cancer therapy. However, all reported UVC LPPs have so far relied on the use of Pr3+ as the emitter, resulting in a limited scope of such phosphors. Here, a new concept for designing UVC LPPs is proposed, leading to the birth of the first non‐rare‐earth phosphor (YPO4:Bi3+) with a UVC afterglow duration of more than 2 h. Experimental characterizations including thermoluminescence spectra and high‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, coupled with first‐principles calculations, reveal that various intrinsic defects in YPO4, such as Y vacancies and Y–O vacancy complexes, serve as hole traps to capture and store a large number of holes created by X‐ray irradiation, while Bi3+ ions can trap thermalized electrons. This work highlights the key role of Bi3+ ions in mediating energy storage and release in persistent phosphors by acting as both electron traps and emitters, and thus offers new opportunities for rationally designing non‐RE‐activated UVC LPPs.
Ultraviolet and Near‐Infrared Dual‐Band Selective‐Harvesting Transparent Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Yang Chenchen , Sheng Wei , Moemeni Mehdi , Bates Matthew , Herrera Christopher K. , Borhan Babak , Lunt Richard R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVisibly transparent luminescent solar concentrators (TLSC) can optimize both power production and visible transparency by selectively harvesting the invisible portion of the solar spectrum. Since the primary applications of TLSCs include building envelopes, greenhouses, automobiles, signage, and mobile electronics, maintaining aesthetics and functionalities is as important as achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in practical deployment. In this work, massive‐downshifting phosphorescent nanoclusters and fluorescent organic molecules are combined into a TLSC system as ultraviolet (UV) and near‐infrared (NIR) selective‐harvesting luminophores, respectively, demonstrating UV and NIR dual‐band selective‐harvesting TLSCs with PCE over 3%, average visible transmittance (AVT) exceeding 75% and color metrics suitable for the window industry. With distinct wavelength‐selectivity and effective utilization of the invisible portion of the solar spectrum, this work reports the highest light utilization efficiency (PCE × AVT) of 2.6 for a TLSC system, the highest PCE of any transparent photovoltaic (TPV) devices with AVT greater than 70%, and outperforms the practical limit for non‐wavelength‐selective TPV.
Soil water flow due to surface topography in research drainage plots
Authors: Logsdon Sally , Cambardella Cindy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTile drainage is common in the central United States and has resulted in greater storm flashiness. The purpose of this study was to determine if surface topography influenced water table depths, tile outflow, and water flow patterns in experimental plots. Tiles (1.22‐m deep) were installed at the center of each plot, and plastic barriers (1.83‐m deep) were installed between plots. Monitoring wells were installed and were read monthly during the growing season. During times with little rain the well‐drained block had the deepest water table depths (maximum of 4.75 m), and the wettest block had the shallowest water table depths (maximum of 2.15 m). During times with much rain, water table depths were similar for all blocks; however, water table gradients were larger during wet periods than dry periods (for example, 3.0 m m−1 vs. 0.5 m m−1). Mean water table depths for the well‐drained block were below the plastic barrier 47% of the time and below the tile depth 72% of the time. Conversely mean water table depths for the wettest block were deeper than the plastic barrier only 18% of the time and below the tile 54% of the time. There was slow lateral flow below the barriers from the upslope block to downslope plots; some downslope plots still had tile flow when there was lateral flow from upslope.
Soil carbon dioxide emissions in a sorghum field: Row position and growth stage effects
Authors: Kuang Xianyan , Xiao Rong , Xiao Xinhua , Yuan Qunying , Sauer Thomas , Davis Dedrick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoil carbon dioxide emission (SCE) is known to be impacted by multiple factors including sources of respiration, environmental factors, and crop and soil management practices, yet few reports exist on how crop row position and growth stage affect SCE in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] fields. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of row position and growth stage on SCE dynamics in a field under grain and sweet sorghum production in northern Alabama. Soil CO2 emissions were measured weekly during the growth period using a closed soil CO2 survey chamber system. The results showed that SCEs increased steadily from approximately 4 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 during the vegetative stage and reached maximum values of approximately about 5 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 and 6 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 for grain sorghum and sweet sorghum, respectively. Soil CO2 emissions then decreased to approximately 2 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 at the maturity and post‐maturity periods for both sorghum types. Significant differences in SCE were observed between row positions. Soil CO2 emissions at the row (R) positions were 19% greater than at interrow (I) positions during the entire growing season under grain sorghum production. Significant difference occurred only during the vegetative stage (SCE at R was 9% greater than at I position) under sweet sorghum production. Additionally, a significantly greater response of SCE to soil temperature (Ts) during the vegetative stage was observed under sweet sorghum production but not grain sorghum production. This study provides evidence that SCE is affected by row position, growth stage, and crop type and suggests that crop row position and growth stage should be taken into consideration for SCE estimation.
Grazing winter rye cover crop in a cotton no‐till system: Soil strength and runoff
Authors: Schomberg Harry H. , Endale Dinku M. , Balkcom Kipling S. , Raper Randy L. , Seman Dwight H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGrazing cover crops (CC) could provide an economic incentive to increase adoption rates in the southeastern United States. However, understanding grazing effects on soil properties is lacking for most soils of the region. Effects of grazing or rolling a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) CC prior to no‐till planting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were determined in 2009 after 4 yr on Cecil soil, in the Southern Piedmont near Watkinsville, GA. The four catchments had a previous long history of no‐till cropping with CC. Wet spring conditions in 2009 resulted in visible surface roughness from cattle hooves. Average soil penetration resistance (PR) for the 0‐ to 30‐cm profile was 14% greater following rye CC grazing than rolling (1.95 vs. 1.53 MPa) and was still apparent the following February (1.86 vs. 1.58 MPa) after cotton harvest. Increases in PR at 2.5‐ to 7.5‐ and 7.5‐ to 15‐cm soil depths were observed following CC grazing but not rolling. Depth to 2 MPa resistance, considered sufficient to impede root growth, was similar for CC grazing and rolling treatments in March prior to grazing but decreased in the grazed treatment to 10.7 cm in May and 15.6 cm in February. Seasonal runoff data for 2006–2009 indicated no differences between grazed and rolled CC management. We concluded that grazing CC for short periods under wet conditions presents a risk of short‐term negative effects even for Southern Piedmont soils where a long history of conservation tillage and CC has improved soil quality.
Comprehensive performance characterization of conductive fabric made of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
Authors: Özen Özgü , Yapıcı Kerim , Yılmaz Demet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the production and comprehensive characterization of graphene based electrically conductive textile products, which will allow lower processing costs, such as, low temperature and short process times, and known textile production processes without losing their flexibility, lightness, permeability, and washability characteristics of textile products. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was applied with a single step process by impregnation to woven fabrics and various properties of fabrics related to performance and comfort were analyzed besides electrical conductivity. The results obtained in the study have shown that it is possible to produce flexible and soft conductive textiles with low resistance values below 100 kΩ, resistant to mechanical deformations, such as, bending, rubbing, and stretching (cyclic test). In addition, the findings indicated that the fabrics applied rGO with the one‐step production process will provide significant advantages to the electronic textile market in terms of wearability, cost‐effectiveness, and applicable processes.