bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas-solid mixing characteristics of Geldart B particles in a fluidized bed with different height-to-diameter ratios
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Li Yixin , Wang Yujun , Liu Yan , Zhang Qingrui , Chang Guozhang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Under different height-to-diameter ratios (H/D), the gas-solid mixing characteristics in a fluidized bed filled with Geldart B were studied employing the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model. Researches showed that with the H/D increased, the larger bubbles were generated and significantly affected the gas-solid mixing process. And at H/D=1.5, the radial particle velocity distribution had a relatively smaller fluctuation at different axial heights and a higher particle fluidization quality was obtained. Therefore, it can be concluded that under given conditions, a proper H/D is essential for obtaining a good gas-solid mixing in a fluidized bed.
Optimization analysis of air-conditioning duct structure of high-velocity train
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Jianqiao , Han Pengfei , Li Ming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the comfort of the air conditioning system in the driver’s cabin of a high-velocity train and advance the distribution of air supply, a 3D simulation software is used to establish the model of the air supply pipeline of the driver’s cabin. The air flow field and the rationality of the air distribution are analysed accordingly. The results indicate that the structure of the air supply pipe is optimized and the air flow rate in the left and right air chambers is solved and air flow rate in each outlet of the air supply pipe are achieved.
Research on Vehicle Control Strategy and Hardware in Loop for Pure Electric FSAE Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Ji , Lv Xiangjie , Lv Yu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As the environment protection and energy shortage drawing more and more attention, the development of new energy vehicle, especially electric vehicle has become an important tendency in vehicle industry. Affected by this trend, electric racing events has been held in Formula SAE (FSAE) in China since 2013. To achieve the testing of vehicle control strategy before debugging, enhance develop-efficiency, reduce the risk of vehicle debugging, this paper exploited a cost-effective, perfectly functional and easily operational HIL test platform for vehicle control unit. Firstly, this paper designed a reliable electrical system and safety circuit of vehicle according to racing rules, selected type of drive motor and high voltage battery pack. The software Cruise was used to simulate and check the correctness. After then, the vehicle control unit (VCU) including bottom drive module and control algorithm was built by means of rapid prototyping software development platform. Among this, the dynamic control algorithms as energy regeneration, yaw stability control in switching, and acceleration slip regulation were came up with and employed in the VCU aiming at the characteristics of racing car during contest. At last, the economical and applicable HIL system was studied and developed according to the need of vehicle control strategy testing. The joint simulation of Carsim and Simulink was used to check dynamic control algorithm. The HIL further verified vehicle control algorithm through loading program to VCU. The open-loop check to basically logic algorithm of VCU was conducted by setting component parameters and operating signal of driver in upper machine. The closed-loop test to control strategy of VCU was carried out through loading Simulink model of vehicle to TI 28335 development board.
Study on Design and Constructure of Offshore Substation
Authors: Huo Huanjie , Zhang Shi , Ren Shaoyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In recently years, there are more than 70% of power generated by coal station. Based on this, it can be shown that fossil fuels are the main consumption for generating energy. Burning fossil fuels will produce a lot of carbon dioxide and other harmful gas. Moreover, fossil fuels are unsustainable energy, which means it will run out in the future. For avoiding this situation, sustainable energy need to be exploited so that can replace fossil fuels. Currently, there are wind power, solar power, nuclear power in China. Some wind farms already built in different place of China. Due to high advantages of sea, China is paying attention to develop offshore wind farm. This essay introduces details of offshore wind farm including rules of designing facilities and outlook of each level in China.
Analysis of the influence of virtual impedance on the stability of Parallel Voltage Inverters with Different Voltage Levels
Authors: Wang Jinmei , Ma Wentao , Miao Haidong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Using virtual impedance technology to optimize the double closed-loop control structure can improve the equivalent output impedance of the inverter to be inductive, improve the power distribution accuracy of traditional sensibility droop control strategy in low-voltage microgrid, and effectively restrain the circulation. But rarely consider the impact of virtual impedance on system stability. Therefore, Derive the transfer function of the three loop control structure including virtual impedance, line impedance and common point voltage, establish a parallel models of inverters with different voltage levels considering virtual complex impedance and simplify the model using Thevenin’s equivalent. According to the Nyquist stability criterion Analyze the effect of virtual impedance on system stability under various operating conditions. The analysis results show that the multi-inverter parallel system can maintain stable operation after adding the virtual impedance.
Research on Adaptability of Multi-model Kalman Filter in Integrated Navigation System
Authors: Mi Xiaolong , Zhao Wangyang , Zhang Guangtuo , Wang Xingling , Wang Yuanming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
By applying multi-model adaptive control technology in data fusion of integrated navigation system, the multi-mode adaptive Kalman filter in the integrated navigation system is designed to overcome the problem of filtering accuracy reduction of inertial navigation system due to the changes in the external sensor status parameter with single mode Kalman filter model in the integrated navigation system. The simulation analysis is carried out on the system noise interference vector caused by the change of external environment and the change of the noise interference vector of measurement. The simulation results of a single model filter and the simulation results of multi-model adaptive filter are obtained. Based on the simulation results, it can be seen that compared with the single model Kalman filter, the multi-model adaptive filter is more accurate in the state error estimation of the system, and shows strong adaptability to the changes of the external environment.
Modeling and Forecasting of Wind Power Output of Urban Regional Energy Internet Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Weng Geping , Pei Chuanxun , Ren Jiaorong , Jiang Hao , Xu Jiayu , Zheng Weifeng , Liu Yuan , Gao Tian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Clean energy will account for a lot in the future energy structure with the emergence of Urban Regional Energy Internet. However, because of the intermittent and volatility of clean energy like wind energy, its main role in energy supply has restricted. Therefore, predicting wind power accurately is of great significance in the safe operation of the power system. In response to the above problems, this paper proposed a time series forecasting model of wind power based on BiLSTM, and analyzes the actual wind data in Urban Regional Energy Internet.
Simulation analysis of electric power steering System (EPS) test platform
Authors: Zheng Xiaodong , Zhu Liucun , Luo Junqi , Liu Cheng , Ji Xinyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Based on the principle analysis of the electric power steering system (EPS), a simulation platform for electric power steering system (EPS) test is proposed, and use Matlab/Simulink to build a simulation model of the electric power steering system (EPS) test simulation platform, for the simulation analysis of the electric power steering system under various experimental conditions and working conditions, so as to get the boost current and boost torque needed in various situations, for the design and development of electric power steering systems.
The effect of climate change on indicators of fire danger in the UK
Authors: Arnell N W , Freeman A , Gazzard R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The UK is vulnerable to wildfire, and vulnerability is likely to increase due to climate change. Whilst the risk is small compared with many other countries, recent fires have raised awareness and highlighted the potential for environmental damage and loss of property and key infrastructure. Most UK wildfires are a result of inadvertent or deliberate human action, but the environmental conditions depend on antecedent and current weather. This paper presents projections of the effects of climate change on UK wildfire danger, using a version of an operational fire danger model, UKCP18 climate projections representing low and high emissions, and several indicators of fire danger. Fire danger will increase across the whole of the UK, but the extent and variability in change varies with indicator. The absolute danger now and into the future is greatest in the south and east (the average number of danger days increases 3–4 times by the 2080s), but danger increases further north from a lower base. The variation in change across the UK for indicators based on absolute thresholds is determined by how often those thresholds are exceeded now, whilst the (lesser) variability in percentile-based indicators reflects variability in the projected change in climate. Half of the increase in danger is due to increased temperature, and most of the rest is due to projected reductions in relative humidity. Uncertainty in the magnitude of the change is due to uncertainty in changes in temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall, and there is a large difference between two of the UKCP18 climate model ensembles. Reducing emissions to levels consistent with achieving international climate policy targets significantly reduces, but does not eliminate, the increase in fire danger. The results imply that greater attention needs to be given to wildfire danger in both emergency and spatial planning, and in the development of guidelines for activities that may trigger fires. They suggest the need for the development of a fire danger system more tailored to UK conditions, and the combination of fire danger modelling with projections of sources of ignition to better estimate the change in wildfire risk.
Identifying and assessing effectiveness of alternative low-effort nitrogen footprint reductions in small research institutions
Authors: Messenger Sarah , Lloret Javier , Galloway James N , Giblin Anne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Concern over the ecological damage of excess nitrogen has brought increased attention to the role of research institutions and universities in contributing to this problem. Institutions often utilize the concept of the ecological ‘footprint’ to quantify and track nitrogen emissions resulting from their activities and guide plans and commitments to reduce emissions. Often, large-scale changes and commitments to reduce nitrogen footprints are not feasible at small institutions due to monetary and manpower constraints. We partnered with managers in the dining and facilities departments at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), a small research institution in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, to develop five low-effort strategies to address nitrogen emissions at the institution using only resources currently available within those departments. Each proposed strategy achieved emissions reductions in their sector and in the overall nitrogen footprint of the MBL. If all modelled strategies are applied simultaneously, the MBL can achieve a 7.7% decrease in its nitrogen footprint. Managers at MBL considered strategies that required no monetary input most feasible. The intersection of carbon and nitrogen emissions also means the modelled strategies had the co-benefit of reducing the MBL’s carbon footprint, strengthening the argument for applying these strategies. This paper may serve as a model for similar institutions looking to reduce the ecological impact of their activities.
Prediction of coal dust dispersion to total suspended particulate (TSP) concentration in ambient air quality, case study: PLTU Tanjung Jati B
Authors: Kurniawan S , Huboyo H S , Samadikun B P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
According to the National Medium-Term Development Plan set a 35000 MW target in 2019, wherein 2016, coal still dominated the power plant’s fuel, which is 62%. The fastest rate of consumption is 4,7% per year since 2002; by the domination of coal-fired power plant in Indonesia in 2005 with 29.4 million tons of coal consumption, it is projected to be an increment in 2020 with 75 million tons of coal consumption. This condition could lead to generated coal dust, potentially impacting the ground concentration of TSP in the ambient air quality. The further impact may lead to environmental & social issues in the community residence of surrounding coal-fired power plants (PLTU). Considering the potential impact of coal dust emission from coal stockpile activities, then the prediction of coal dust dispersion generated from coal handling activities to determine the ground concentration of TSP is necessary to determine appropriate mitigating control to reduce the coal dust emission. Therefore, such a power plant will have mutual benefits with the surrounding area, especially the community. According to the model prediction result using AERMOD, it could be predicted that the emission contribution from the coal stockpiles is reached 100-200 μg/m3.
Modelling feed energy and protein values for ruminants
Authors: Ridla M , Laconi E B , Nahrowi  , Jayanegara A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate feed metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP) contents by their chemical composition. A total of 134 feeds from various categories (dry forage, fresh forage, silage, concentrate rich in energy, concentrate rich in protein and by-product) were integrated into a database. Values of TDN and CP were regressed against ME and MP, respectively. The value of ME was predicted from neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), ether extract (EE) and CP whereas MP was predicted from rumen degradable protein (RDP) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP). The RDP to RUP ratio was regressed to MP in order to obtain optimum value of the ratio. Results showed that TDN and CP could predict quite accurately ME and MP by explaining 78.2% and 92.7% of their total variations, respectively. The ME was accurately predicted by NFC, NDF, EE and CP, whereas MP was accurately predicted by RDP and RUP. Lower RDP/RUP led to a higher MP percentage to CP. It can be concluded that TDN, CP and other feed chemical constituents could predict quite accurately ME and MP. This indicates that the old system is still valid to be used for formulating ruminant diets.
Economic analysis of sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.) farming in Lamongan regency
Authors: Hamidah E , Rahayu E S , Sutrisno J , Marwanti S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sweet potato has the potential to be developed for diversified food consumption programs as a source of carbohydrates, nutrients, with a small risk of failure, low production costs, various processed products, food providers, industrial raw materials, and animal feed. This research aimed to analyze sweet potato farming economically and socially. The study was carried out quantitatively using a survey method. The research was conducted in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The location was chosen purposively. The sampling method was carried out using census in Kalitengah and Kedungpring Districts, in 6 villages, with 348 respondent farmers. The data analysis employed Revenue Cost (R/C) and descriptive analysis. The results revealed that 80.46% of farmers did not complete elementary school. Farmers with experience in sweet potato farming over 20 years reached 67.53%. Their income from total farm costs was IDR 5,178,296, with an R/C ratio is 1.89. Sweet potato farming is profitable and feasible to develop. The utilization of small sweet potato tubers affected by Cylas Formicarius disease as a fish feed was carried out by 19.54% of the farmers. Meanwhile, 51.72% of the farmers utilized sweet potato stalks and leaves as goat feed.
Comparative Need Analysis of Industrial Robot Calibration Methodologies
Authors: Chiwande Sumedh N , Ohol Shantipal S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on a study of literature about available Industrial robot calibration technique, technical relevance of its utility and summaries findings & reasons behind specific features of each type of method. Comparative analysis helps to identify and assess the present knowledge to identify the future research areas for developing the research interest on the particular needs. The study focuses on advantages and disadvantages of different measuring systems used for calibration. It is observed from literature survey that the research focus about the calibration technique has moved towards the micro level classification of an industrial robot calibration process. The use of micro analysis, benchmarking and standardization of a calibration process requires an additional research. Therefore various recent contributions on industrial robot calibration techniques have been analysed for establishing a commonly acceptable methodology.
Gyro-Stabilized Camera Control in drones for Military Applications
Authors: Bharath Singh J , Jaison B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The usage of drones or unmanned aerial vehicle in military applications is increasing. The input or the control of drones is becoming a challenging task for the developers. One of the input recognition methods is the gesture recognition. Pilot’s head movement using a gyroscope is used to control the angle of an on- board FPV (First Person Video) Camera. MPU 6050 Sensor collects the displaced values from three axis and sent it as an input for the processor which reads the possible values. The values are then compared and processed and given to the output. The output is controlled by servomotor which actuates mechanical moves based on MPU sensor. This whole setup can be connected through wireless RC (Radio Controller) transmitter and receiver. This motion controlled mechanical arms can be used for various applications like FPV (First Person View) in drone enabled surveillances, Military, Search and Rescue etc.
Heuristic Algorithm for Cooperative Motion Planning & Controlling of Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Raviteja Tirumalapudi , Rajay Vedaraj I.S , Siva Krishnam Raju R , Yugandhar M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
From the past decades autonomous technology is growing significantly in all applications. In Marine applications, Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV’s) is emerging research technology. For this research mobile robotics motion, path planning technologies are adopted and extended. The objective of this paper finds out the shortest route and Collision free path between the two points at the dynamic environment in moving time using the proposed modified A* algorithm. The simulation of the proposed algorithm is using python - OpenCV.
Comparative study on different balancing conditions of an air filled tyre using statistical features and classification via regression algorithm
Authors: Anoop P S , Sugumaran V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tyre condition monitoring systems (TCMS) are the safety systems used in a vehicle for measuring the condition of tyre like tyre pressure, temperature, balancing etc. In this era of increasing vehicle accidents, these systems are having paramount importance in terms of safety. The current technology TCMS uses direct sensors like pressure sensors or wheel speed sensors etc, which are highly expensive. This paper puts forward an innovative indirect TCMS system using condition monitoring techniques and machine learning. For different five balancing conditions vertical vibrations from fixed wheel hub were extracted from a moving air filled tyre with the help of an accelerometer. The tyres filled with air are considered with different pressure values to represent puncture, normal, idle and high pressure conditions. In feature extraction process, the statistical features were extracted from the acquired signals and the prominent features were selected using J48 algorithm. Selected features were classified with the help of classification via regression algorithm and reasonable high accuracy was obtained. This paper attempts to study the effect of unbalance of the wheel on the classification accuracy of an indirect TPMS system. The results are compared and presented
Vibration based Data Analysis of Single Acting Compressor through Condition Monitoring and Multilayer Perceptron – A Machine Learning Classifier
Authors: Sivakumar Aravinth , Vaithiyanathan Sugumaran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The air compressor is one of the desired mechanical equipment used for producing compressed air, which is utilized for performing various industrial and domestic functions. Its operation involves several rotating and fluctuating members which fail due to several miscellaneous reasons as the members prone to dynamic working environment quite frequently. The deficiencies create huge impact over the overall performance and thus leads to economic losses associated with system seizure. It is now essential to predict the occurrence of faults at earlier stages in order to avoid major shutdowns. Hence, in this article, a data modelling study using a machine learning algorithm is proposed. Initially, the vibration signals are measured as physical parameters from the compressor test rig as it contains critical information regarding the system working conditions instantly. The statistical features were extracted from the acquired signals and by using the J48 algorithm the most prominent features were selected. These selected features were classified using Multilayer Perceptron and its performance in fault classification was presented
Generative Design and Topology Optimization of Analysis and Repair Work of Industrial Robot Arm Manufactured Using Additive Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Kumaran M. , Senthilkumar V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Today’s industrial robots work in a wide range of industries, the industrial robots are developed to perform operations such as pick and place, manufacturing assembly line, welding work, metal forging, and painting operations. The constraints of available robots are in terms of structural complexity, more material in the body, over weightage, and space. To overcome the difficulties of the current scenario, the generative design and topology optimization based industrial robot arm is manufactured by Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology using the Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) process. The scope of the research is when the generatively designed robot arm getting crack or broken, the Direct Energy Deposition (DED) processes use to help the repair of the PBF parts. In the present research, studies were conducted on the topology optimized industrial robot arm using SolidWorks software, and to verify the significance of DED to extend requirements needed for PBF parts, sample parts were extended and their metallurgical characteristics, tensile properties, and hardness observed.