bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Extraosseous Applications of Thermal Ablation in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Large Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tran Andrew , Reiter David A. , Prologo J. David , Cristescu Mircea , Gonzalez Felix M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide, leading to significant pain, restricted range of motion, and disability. A gap exists between short- and long-term symptom-relieving therapies. Although arthroplasty is an effective treatment for symptomatic end-stage disease, most patients ultimately do not receive a joint replacement due to suboptimal surgical qualifications, comorbidities, or an aversion to surgery. The lack of additional treatment options in this setting makes opioid agonists a commonly used pharmacologic agent, contributing to the addiction epidemic that greatly afflicts our communities. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) has arisen as a treatment modality in the setting of moderate to severe OA among patients refractory to conservative management, generally showing greater efficacy compared with other existing strategies. This review focuses on the benefits of CRFA and its technical feasibility as a management option among patients experiencing debilitating large joint OA with limited clinical options.
Spinal Injections
Authors: Gimarc David C. , Stratchko Lindsay M. , Ho Corey K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpinal pain is a common complaint and cause of disability in the United States, affecting most individuals at some point in their lives. The complex anatomy of the spine leads to multiple potential and coexisting etiologies for pain, and the differentiation of these sources can present a diagnostic challenge. Image-guided spinal injections can provide both diagnostic information identifying pain location as well as prolonged therapeutic relief as an alternative to medical management. Anesthetic and corticosteroid medications can be administered within the epidural space through transforaminal or interlaminar approaches, blocking various sensory nerves, or directly within the facet joints. Proceduralists must be aware of associated patient considerations, techniques, and potential complications to perform the procedures safely. We discuss image-guided spinal injection techniques, based on best practices and our experiences.
Controversies in Mediastinal Staging for Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ashok Apurva , Jiwnani Sabita S. , Karimundackal George , Bhaskar Maheema , Shetty Nitin S. , Tiwari Virendra Kumar , Niyogi Devayani M. , Pramesh C. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMediastinal lymph nodal involvement in nonsmall cell lung cancer plays a crucial role in deciding treatment strategy. Survival falls markedly with increasing involvement of mediastinal nodal stations. Hence, accurate staging of the mediastinum with lowest morbidity is of utmost importance. A wide array of invasive and noninvasive modalities that complement each other in assessing the nodes are available at our disposal. Guidelines recommend noninvasive imaging as the initial step in the staging algorithm for all tumors, followed by invasive staging. No single modality has proven to be the ideal method to stage the mediastinum when used alone. In the present decade, minimally invasive endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has challenged the position of surgical mediastinoscopy, which has been the gold standard, historically. However, a negative EBUS needs to be confirmed by surgical mediastinoscopy. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy has also come to the forefront in last two decades and has shown exceptional results, when performed in experienced centers. This review details the various modalities of mediastinal staging and the controversies surrounding the optimal method of staging, restaging after neoadjuvant therapy, and the most cost-effective strategy.
Miositis osificante traumática en recién nacido: reporte de caso
Authors: López H. Daniel , Labbé C. Carmen , Suazo R. Marcelino , Toledo A. Nicolás 
Published: December 2021

ResumenLa miositis osificante traumática (MOT) es una enfermedad en la que ocurre osificación heterotópica en dos a cuatro semanas tras uno o múltiples traumatismos. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características clínicas y radiológicas de un caso de MOT en un recién nacido (RN) después de la canulación intravenosa de vía periférica, poco frecuente en la práctica clínica en neonatología. Presentamos a un RN pretérmino de 33 semanas en que, a los 20 días de vida, se evidenció lesión tumoral en el tercio distal del antebrazo izquierdo de 3 cm por 2 cm, que no impresionaba dolor, ni limitación a la movilización, y en la que no había signos infecciosos. El resto del examen físico osteomuscular era normal. En la zona de lesión, tres semanas antes, se había instalado un catéter intravenoso periférico (CIVP). Una radiografía del antebrazo izquierdo demostró lesión calcificada al nivel de las partes blandas, sin disrupción de las estructuras óseas adyacentes; la ecografía del antebrazo reveló una imagen focal ovalada, de contornos parcialmente definidos, con sombra acústica posterior; el resto de los estudios de huesos largos era normal. Los niveles séricos de fosfatasa alcalina, calcio, fósforo también eran normales. En vista de la lesión tumoral al examen físico y la imagen calcificada en partes blandas a través de radiografía simple, con antecedente de microtraumas de VVP, se concluyó MOT. Se hizo seguimiento, con disminución del tamaño hasta que la lesión desapareció a los cuatro meses. No requirió control radiológico. La MOT es infrecuente en el RN, y, en general, la resolución es autolimitada y tiene buen pronóstico.
Nivel de evidencia IV
Abrasión intraósea por sutura según el ángulo del túnel transóseo en huella del manguito rotador
Authors: Contreras Julio José , Liendo Rodrigo , Meza Andrés , Soza Francisco 
Published: December 2021

Resumen
Objetivo Comparar el desgaste óseo generado por la abrasión de una carga cíclica entre túneles clásicos oblicuos y perpendiculares. Nuestra hipótesis es la de que el túnel oblicuo presenta un menor desgaste óseo por abrasión cíclica comparado con el túnel perpendicular.
Métodos Ocho hombros congelados de cordero fueron usados para el estudio biomecánico. En cada húmero proximal, dos túneles (oblicuo y perpendicular) fueron generados en la tuberosidad mayor. Se utilizó un sistema de tracción cíclica para traccionar hacia atrás y adelante una sutura trenzada en tensión a través del túnel, midiendo la distancia entre la entrada y la salida de la sutura en el túnel antes y después del proceso de ciclado como medida de perdida de tensión de la sutura. El resultado principal es el cambio de la distancia entre la entrada y la salida de la sutura en el túnel después del ciclado para estimar el desgaste óseo dentro del túnel. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se consideraron significativos valores de p < 0,05.
Resultados Los túneles perpendiculares tuvieron un 23,24 ±  7,44% de pérdida de longitud, y los túneles oblicuos, 7,76 ±  4,32%. La diferencia de pérdida de longitud fue significativa (p = 0,0003).
Conclusión La abrasión ósea generada por el movimiento cíclico de la sutura en el túnel transóseo está influenciada por la geometría del túnel. El desgaste óseo es menor en un túnel oblicuo comparado con un túnel perpendicular.
Nivel de Evidencia Estudio de ciencia básica.
Leiomiosarcoma primario de hueso en fémur distal metastásico a clavícula. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Linares R Francisco , Martín V Helbert , Correal A Natalia 
Published: December 2021

ResumenEl leiomiosarcoma (LMS) es un tipo de tumor de células fusiformes de muy baja incidencia, que tiene un comportamiento agresivo, con alta tasa de mortalidad, por lo que el manejo debe ser quirúrgico, con una resección amplia de la lesión. No está claro el papel de la radio ni de la quimioterapia en su manejo. Presentamos a una paciente de 28 años que consultó por dolor de 2 meses en la rodilla derecha. Radiográficamente, se caracterizó como una lesión osteolítica pura en el fémur distal. La resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) contrastada mostró áreas hipervasculares dentro del tumor. La gammagrafía mostró un marcado aumento en la captación de radiotrazadores. Se tomó una biopsia, con un informe de patología de LMS óseo bien diferenciado. Se trató con 3 ciclos de quimioterapia neoadyuvante preoperatoria con ifosfamida 1.000 mg/m2 en los días 1 a 3, además de doxorrubicina 70 mg/m2, y resección quirúrgica de la lesión y salvamento de la extremidad con endoprótesis de rodilla. Una vez que se resecó la lesión, la paciente recibió quimioterapia adyuvante con 4 ciclos de gencitabina 1.000 mg/m2 entre los días 1 y 8, y doxetacel 70 mg/m2 el día 1. Durante los dos meses de seguimiento, la paciente presenóa una fractura en el tercio medio de la clavícula, compatible con una lesión patológica en radiografías y tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP). La biopsia reveló una lesión metastásica de LMS óseo que fue tratada mediante resección quirúrgica de la clavícula. Este es un caso único, dado que, durante el seguimiento, recibió tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia y se evaluó con una TEP, con una evolución clínica satisfactoria y sin evidencia de nuevas lesiones.
Nivel de evidencia IV.
Breakthrough instruments and products: DriveAFM for high-performance atomic force microscopy
Authors: Adams Jonathan D. , Frederix Patrick L. T. M. , Bippes Christian A. 
Published: December 2021

Atomic force microscopy is a powerful technique for measurement and mapping of nanoscale topography and electrical and mechanical sample properties. The Nanosurf DriveAFM is a new generation instrument that combines ease of use and high performance through full motorization, CleanDrive photothermal excitation, and a mechanical and electrical design that allows for both high-resolution and large-range imaging.
¿Usté en Ciudá Real dice Madriz?
Authors: Kapović Marko 
Published: December 2021

Abstracta
En este trabajo se estudia la variable realización de la -d en el final de palabra en la variedad de
Ciudad Real. Como una variedad transicional que se encuentra a medio camino entre las variedades fonéticamente innovadoras del sur y las
conservadoras del norte, la modalidad de Ciudad Real muestra características de ambas: con respecto a la variable en cuestión es la más
avanzada de las variedades castellanas, aunque no alcanza la categoricidad de la elisión de las hablas andaluzas. El proceso de la pérdida
de la -d final de palabra en Ciudad Real parece haber sido frenado en su fase final debido a las presiones desde arriba y
la situación se ha complicado adicionalmente con la aparición de la variante septentrional [θ], que se ha impuesto al alófono canónico [ð̞].
Aunque el contexto fónico siguiente es el predictor lingüístico más importante para la realización de -d
final de palabra, es asimismo muy llamativa la influencia del factor unidad léxica.
Central charges for AdS black holes
Authors: Perry Malcolm , Rodriguez Maria J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nontrivial diffeomorphisms act on the horizon of a generic 4D black holes and create distinguishing features referred to as soft hair. Amongst these are a left–right pair of Virasoro algebras with associated charges that reproduce the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy for Kerr black holes. In this paper we show that if one adds a negative cosmological constant, there is a similar set of infinitesimal diffeomorphisms that act non-trivially on the horizon. The algebra of these diffeomorphisms gives rise to a central charge. Adding a boundary counterterm, justified to achieve integrability, leads to well-defined central charges with c
L = c
R. The macroscopic area law for Kerr-AdS black holes follows from the assumption of a Cardy formula governing the black hole microstates.
Inferring the gravitational binding energy and moment of inertia of PSR J0030 + 0451 and PSR J0740 + 6620 from new universal relations
Authors: Li Yuxi , Wang Jue , Wu Zehan , Wen Dehua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The neutron star interior composition explorer (NICER) recently simultaneously measured the gravitational mass (M
g) and radius (R) of PSR J0030 + 0451 and PSR J0740 + 6620, respectively. Inspired by the groundbreaking observations, we establish two high accuracy universal relations (with the relative error at 1% level) related to M
g and R to infer the gravitational binding energy (BE) (E
g) and moment of inertia (I) of the two pulsars. By combining these universal relations with the data of (M
g, R) released by NICER collaboration, the gravitational BE and moment of inertia of PSR J0030 + 0451 can be constrained within

|

E

g

|
=
0.2

1

−
0.03

+
0.03

M

⊙

and

I
=
1.9

5

−
0.50

+
0.70

×
1

0

45

g cm2 at 68% credible level, respectively. The gravitational BE and moment of inertia of PSR J0740 + 6620 can be constrained within

|

E

g

|
=
0.4

7

−
0.12

+
0.09

M

⊙

and

I
=
4.6

5

−
0.82

+
1.16

×
1

0

45

g cm2 at 68% credible level, respectively.
Darmois matching and C
3 matching
Authors: Gutiérrez-Piñeres Antonio C , Quevedo Hernando 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We apply the Darmois and the C
3 matching conditions to three different spherically symmetric spacetimes. The exterior spacetime is described by the Schwarzschild vacuum solution whereas for the interior counterpart we choose different perfect fluid solutions with the same symmetry. We show that Darmois matching conditions are satisfied in all the three cases whereas the C
3 conditions are not fulfilled. We argue that this difference is due to a non-physical behavior of the pressure on the matching surface.
Angled beam expander telescopes for the Michelson beams in third generation gravitational wave observatories
Authors: DeSalvo Riccardo , Blow Jeremy , Bosque Claudio Pineda , Selleri Stefano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The third generation of gravitational wave detectors like the Einstein telescope or the cosmic explorer will be Michelson interferometers with Fabry–Perot cavities in the arms, using mirror test masses with diameter at the limit of technical feasibility. Unlike other detectors, the Einstein telescope will have a 60° angle between the arms. Because of its larger incidence angle, at any given beam size, it would require beam splitters almost double in size and much heavier than the 90° case. It is proposed here to install beam expander telescopes with angled mirrors located inside the Michelson interferometer between the Fabry–Perot cavities and the beam splitter. In addition to reducing the beam sizes and the beam splitter to manageable sizes, the proposed solution allows to bring the optimal recombination angle to 90°. The proposed geometry also offers a natural way to separate the beam splitters of different detectors into individual, smaller and more stable caverns thus improving observatory observation-time efficiency, to provide needed beam diagnostic points and convenient degrees of freedom for beam alignment into both the Fabry Perot cavities and the beam splitter, as well as to provide a method for maintaining optimal mode matching of the two arms onto the beam splitter without thermal compensation plates.
Light/electric modulated approach for logic functions and artificial synapse behaviors by flexible IGZO TFTs with low power consumption
Authors: Guo Liqiang , Zhang Guifa , Han Hui , Hu Yongbin , Cheng Guanggui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, low power electronic devices have attracted increasing interest. Here, flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) with In–Ga–Zn–O (IGZO) as the semiconductor channel material were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate substrates. The device exhibits good electrical properties at low operating voltage, including a high on/off ratio of ∼7.8 × 106 and high electron mobility of ∼23.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. The device also has an excellent response to visible light. With the increase of visible light intensity, the threshold voltage of IGZO TFTs decreases continuously, but the electron mobility increases gradually. Based on the unique ability of the device to respond to light, we proposed and demonstrated that a single TFT can realize different logic operations under the light/electricity mixed modulation, including ‘AND’ and ‘OR’. In addition, we also simulated some basic artificial synaptic behaviors, including excitatory postsynaptic current and paired-pulse facilitation. Thus, IGZO TFTs operating at low voltages not only have the potential to construct multifunctional optoelectronic devices, but also provide a new idea for simplifying the design of programmable logic circuits.
Characterisation of silicon oxynitride thin films and their response to swift heavy-ion irradiation
Authors: Mota-Santiago P , Nadzri A , Kremer F , Bierschenk T , Canto C E , Rodriguez M D , Notthoff C , Mudie S , Kluth P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Silicon oxynitrides (a-SiO
x
N
y
) are materials whose composition ranges between two binary materials: a-SiO2 and a-Si3N4. In this work, we present a systematic study of the fine structure of the damaged regions produced by swift heavy-ions (SHIs), or ‘ion-tracks’ and quantify the density variation profiles with respect to composition. Thin films were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD), where thickness, density, stoichiometry and bond configuration were initially determined. The fine structure and radial size of the ion tracks was determined using small angle x-ray scattering. The tracks exhibit a core–shell cylindrical geometry, with an under-dense core surrounded by an over-dense shell with a smooth transition between the two regions. We observed two trends with composition: a constant increasing ion track radius is observed when the O/Si ratio is below one (

0
≤
x
≤
1
)

. And saturation of the radial dimensions above this value, being similar to a-SiO2. The IR spectra allowed to quantify the bond configuration and its evolution with fluence. After irradiation, the energy deposited by the SHI irradiation leads to a preferential damage of Si–N bonds. IR spectroscopy also showed the formation of new Si–H bonds with increasing fluences and resulting in a rather complex ion-induced structural modification of the a-SiO
x
N
y
network.
Non-Markovian transients in transport across chiral quantum wires using space–time non-equilibrium Green functions
Authors: Babu Nikhil Danny , Setlur Girish S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study a system of two non-interacting quantum wires with fermions of opposite chirality with a point contact junction at the origin across which tunneling can take place when an arbitrary time-dependent bias between the wires is applied. We obtain the exact dynamical non-equilibrium Green function by solving Dyson’s equation analytically. Both the space–time dependent two and four-point functions are written down in a closed form in terms of simple functions of position and time. This allows us to obtain, among other things, the I–V characteristics for an arbitrary time-dependent bias. Our method is a superior alternative to competing approaches to non-equilibrium as we are able to account for transient phenomena as well as the steady state. We study the approach to steady state by computing the time evolution of the equal-time one-particle Green function. Our method can be easily applied to the problem of a double barrier contact whose internal properties can be adjusted to induce resonant tunneling leading to a conductance maximum. We then consider the case of a finite bandwidth in the point contact and calculate the non-equilibrium transport properties which exhibit non-Markovian behaviour. When a subsequently constant bias is suddenly switched on, the current shows a transient build up before approaching its steady state value in contrast to the infinite bandwidth case. This transient property is consistent with numerical simulations of lattice systems using time-dependent density matrix renormalization group suggesting thereby that this transient build up is merely due to the presence of a short distance cutoff in the problem description and not on the other details.
Phase transitions of liposomes: when light meets heat
Authors: Velez-Saboyá C S , Guzmán-Sepúlveda J R , Ruiz-Suárez J C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Phase transitions of liposomes are normally studied by differential scanning calorimetry. A suspension of liposomes is subjected to an increase (decrease) of temperature and when heat is absorbed (released), the liposomes transit from a gel (liquid) to a liquid (gel) phase. This endothermic (exothermic) process takes place at a temperature called the melting temperature T
m, which is distinctive of the type of lipids forming the vesicles. The vesicles, though, also modify their size in the transition. Indeed, the thickness of the membranes decreases (increases) because carbon tails misalign (align). Concomitant with the modifications in the membrane thickness, the diameter (D) of the liposomes changes too. Therefore, when they are inspected by light, the scattered signal carries information from such dilatation (contraction) process. We performed careful experiments using dynamic light scattering as a function of temperature to detect the size changes of different liposomes. Gaussian fits of the derivatives of the D vs T curves coincide within 1% with thermograms, which hints to the possibility of performing thermodynamic studies of lipid systems employing light.
Surface defect detection of vehicle light guide plates based on an improved RetinaNet
Authors: Li Junfeng , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the vehicle navigation light guide plate (LGP) image characteristics, such as complex and gradient textures, uneven brightness, and small defects, this paper proposes a visual inspection method for LGP defects based on an improved RetinaNet. First, we use ResNeXt50 with higher accuracy under the same parameters as the backbone network, and propose the lightweight module Ghost_module to replace the 1 × 1 convolution in the lower half of the ResNeXt_block. This can reduce the resource parameters and consumption, and speed up training and inference. Second, we propose and use an improved feature pyramid network module to improve the feature fusion network in RetinaNet. It can more effectively fuse the shallow semantic information and high-level semantic information in the backbone feature extraction network, and further improve the detection ability of small target defects. Finally, the defect detection dataset constructed based on the vehicle LGP images collected at a industrial site, and experiments are performed on the vehicle LGP dataset and Aluminum Profile Defect Identification dataset (Aluminum Profile DID). The experimental results show that the proposed method is both efficient and effective. It achieves a better average detection rate of 98.6% on the vehicle LGP dataset. The accuracy and real-time performance can meet the requirements of industrial detection.