bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Educational Attainment and Occupational Functioning in Young Adults With a Childhood Diagnosis of ADHD: Results from the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study
Authors: von Wirth Elena , Breuer Dieter , Mandler Janet , Schürmann Stephanie , Döpfner Manfred 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This longitudinal study examined early predictors of educational attainment and occupational functioning in adults with a childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Participants ( n = 70) of the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study were diagnosed with ADHD and received adaptive multimodal ADHD treatment during childhood. They were then followed through adolescence into adulthood. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that poor reading skill and externalizing behaviors in childhood were early predictors of educational and occupational difficulties in adulthood. The use of stimulant medication in childhood predicted lower high school achievement, probably because medication use was confounded by indication. The regression models improved when intelligence scores and/or externalizing behaviors, especially delinquency, assessed in adolescence were considered as additional predictors. Conclusion: Children with ADHD, who continue to show reading difficulties and externalizing behavior problems after initial treatment, are at risk for educational and occupational difficulties and may need additional support.
Social entrenchment influences the amount of areal borrowing in contact languages
Authors: Yakpo Kofi 
Published: October 2021

Aims and objectives: Social factors in language contact are not well understood. This study seeks to establish and explain the role of social entrenchment in the evolution of contact languages. It also aims to contribute to a broader perspective on areality that can account for social and linguistic factors in contact outcomes involving all languages present in multilingual ecologies, including contact languages. Methodology: The copula system was singled out for a detailed analysis. A corpus of primary data of the three African English-lexifier contact languages, Pichi, Cameroon Pidgin, and Ghanaian Pidgin, their ancestor Krio, and of their African adstrates (Bube, Mokpe, Akan) and European superstrates (Spanish, English) was investigated and compared. Data and analysis: Relevant features were selected for a dissimilarity matrix. A quantitative analysis was done with SplitsTree4. The resulting distance matrix and phylogenetic network were investigated for signals of genealogical transmission and areal diffusion and interpreted on their social background. Findings/conclusions: The copula systems of the three contact languages carry a genealogical signal of their ancestor Krio as well as an areal signal from the adstrates and superstrates spoken in their respective ecologies. The amount of areal borrowing increases in the order Pichi < Cameroon Pidgin < Ghanaian Pidgin, reflective of the depth of social entrenchment of each variety from left to right. Originality: Previous studies do not describe the copula systems of the English-lexifier contact languages of Africa and the Caribbean at a similar level of granularity and mostly focus on their emergence during creolization. This study attempts to explain their subsequent areal differentiation and links it to differences in social ecologies. Significance/implications: Areal borrowing can lead to significant departures from genealogically inherited structures within a short time if social entrenchment is shallow. Conversely, even languages of wider communication can remain remarkably stable if social entrenchment is deep.
How Does Invasive Breast Cancer Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score on Core Needle Biopsies Influence Neoadjuvant Treatment Decision? A Descriptive Study
Authors: Nam Gahie , Singh Kamaljeet , Lopresti Mary L. , Ouseph Madhu M. , Wang Li Juan , Wang Yihong 
Published: October 2021

Background: Oncotype Dx (ODx) is a genomic assay which estimates the risk of distant recurrence and predicts adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in early stage breast cancer patients. Most ODx data is derived from excisional specimens. Aim: We assess the utility of ODx on core needle biopsies (CNB) and measure its impact on neoadjuvant treatment decisions, particularly in patients with clinically complicated situations. Methods: Consecutive ODx results on breast CNBs with invasive carcinoma from 2012-2020 at 3 tertiary care hospitals with dedicated Breast Health Centers were reviewed. Clinical indications to perform ODx on CNB were recorded through a review of patients’ electronic medical records. Clinicopathologic features, surgical or oncologic modalities and follow-up data were recorded. Results: Three distinct clinical indications for performing ODx on CNB in 85 ER+ invasive breast carcinomas were identified: 1) Excisions with insufficient tissue to perform ODx, 2) adjudicate neoadjuvant therapy versus primary surgical resection, and 3) select neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) versus neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET). Primary surgery was selected in patients with low score RS (<18), and NET was preferred in patients with intermediate or high RS (>18). NET was preferred over NAC in patients with low RS (<18). Conclusion: This study shows that CNB ODx RS helps guide treatment decisions in a neoadjuvant setting along with other contributing factors such as the presence of pathogenic mutations, node positivity, patient age, and comorbidities. The use of ODx on CNB is furthermore valuable in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic for early breast cancer patients to administer effective therapy in a timely manner.
Self-Rehabilitation for Post-Stroke Motor Function and Activity–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Everard Gauthier , Luc Alexandre , Doumas Ioannis , Ajana Khawla , Stoquart Gaëtan , Edwards Martin Gareth , Lejeune Thierry 
Published: October 2021

Background. Due to an increasing stroke incidence, a lack of resources to implement effective rehabilitation and a significant proportion of patients with remaining impairments after treatment, there is a rise in demand for effective and prolonged rehabilitation. Development of self-rehabilitation programs provides an opportunity to meet these increasing demands. Objective. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of self-rehabilitation on motor outcomes, in comparison to conventional rehabilitation, among patients with stroke. The secondary aim was to assess the influence of trial location (continent), technology, time since stroke (acute/subacute vs chronic), dose (total training duration > vs ≤ 15 hours), and intervention design (self-rehabilitation in addition/substitution to conventional therapy) on effect of self-rehabilitation. Methods. Studies were selected if participants were adults with stroke; the intervention consisted of a self-rehabilitation program defined as a tailored program where for most of the time, the patient performed rehabilitation exercises independently; the control group received conventional therapy; outcomes included motor function and activity; and the study was a randomized controlled trial with a PEDro score ≥5. Results. Thirty-five trials were selected (2225 participants) and included in quantitative synthesis regarding motor outcomes. Trials had a median PEDro Score of 7 [6–8]. Self-rehabilitation programs were shown to be as effective as conventional therapy. Trial location, use of technology, stroke stage, and intervention design did not appear to have a significant influence on outcomes. Conclusion. This meta-analysis showed low to moderate evidence that self-rehabilitation and conventional therapy efficacy was equally valuable for post-stroke motor function and activity.
Comparison Between Distal and Proximal Approaches for Local Corticosteroid Injection in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Meshkini Mina , Fateh Hamid R. , Rahimi-Dehgolan Shahram , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh 
Published: October 2021

Background: The present, open-labeled study aimed to compare the distal approach (DA) for local corticosteroid injection (LCI) with the conventional proximal approach (PA) in alleviating the symptom and improving the electrodiagnostic parameters of the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: A total of 60 participants with nonsevere CTS were included in the present randomized controlled trial (RCT), of which 29 and 31 were assigned to the DA and PA groups, respectively. Each group received a single, landmark-guided injection of local methylprednisolone. The participants were assessed preintervention and 3 months later using the measures of visual analog scale (VAS), Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ), hand grip strength, and nerve conduction study (NCS). Results: Following a 3-month follow-up, both groups had significant improvements in VAS, both functional and severity subscales of BCTQ, hand grip strength, and some electrodiagnostic parameters (all P-values < .05). Moreover, the DA group had a significantly lower procedure duration than the PA group (9.80 ± 1.12 vs. 27.61 ± 1.77; P < .001). Conclusions: LCI using the DA should be considered a feasible, safe, and effective therapeutic method in patients with mild to moderate CTS. It had a shorter procedure duration than conventional PA, while their clinical and electrophysiological results were similar.
Validation of a visual analog scale for assessing cough severity in patients with chronic cough
Authors: Martin Nguyen Allison , Bacci Elizabeth D. , Vernon Margaret , Birring Surinder S. , Rosa Carmen La , Muccino David , Schelfhout Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Patients with chronic cough experience considerable burden. The cough severity visual analog scale (VAS) records patients’ assessment of cough severity on a 100-mm linear scale ranging from “no cough” (0 mm) to “worst cough” (100 mm). Although cough severity scales are widely used in clinical practice and research, their use in patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough has not been formally validated. Methods: This analysis includes data from a phase 2b randomized controlled trial of the P2X3-receptor antagonist gefapixant for treatment of refractory or unexplained chronic cough (NCT02612610). Cough severity VAS scores were assessed at baseline and Weeks 4, 8, and 12. The cough severity VAS was validated using several outcomes, including the Cough Severity Diary (CSD), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), patient global impression of change (PGIC) scale, and objective cough frequency. Validation metrics included test–retest reliability, convergent and known-groups validity, responsiveness, and score interpretation (i.e., clinically meaningful change threshold). Results: The analysis included 253 patients (median age, 61.0 years; females, 76%). Test–retest reliability of the cough severity VAS was moderate (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.51). The cough severity VAS had acceptable convergent validity with other related measures (Pearson r of 0.53 and -0.41 for CSD and LCQ total scores, respectively; p < 0.0001 for each). Known-groups validity was supported by significant differences in mean cough severity VAS scores across severity groups defined using CSD, LCQ, and cough frequency tertiles. A large effect size was observed in patients with the greatest improvements in PGIC (Cohen d = -1.8). A ⩾ 30-mm reduction in the cough severity VAS was estimated as a clinically meaningful change threshold for clinical trials in chronic cough. Conclusions: The cough severity VAS is a valid and responsive measure. A cough severity VAS reduction of ⩾ 30 mm can discriminate clinically meaningful changes in chronic cough severity in clinical studies.
Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-ICU Hospital Settings for People With Diabetes: A Scoping Review of Emerging Benefits and Issues
Authors: Clubbs Coldron Benjamin , Coates Vivien , Khamis Amjed , MacRury Sandra 
Published: October 2021

Background: Evidence indicates that poor glycemic control is associated with increased morbidity and length of stay in hospital. There are a wide range of guidelines published, which seek to ensure safe and effective inpatient glycemic control in the hospital setting. However, the implementation of these protocols is limited in practice. In particular, the feasibility of “flash” and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) remains untested on general wards. Method: Scoping Review. Results: If used in the general ward hospital settings, CGM and flash glucose monitoring (FGM) systems could lead to improved glycemic control, decreased length of stay, and reduced risk of severe hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Potential problems include lack of experience with this technology and costs of sensors. Rapid analysis of glucose measurements can facilitate clinical decision making and therapy adjustment in the hospital setting. In addition, people with diabetes may be empowered to better self-manage their condition in hospital as they have direct access to their glucose data. Conclusions: More studies are required in which the feasibility, benefits and limitations of FGM and CGM in non–intensive care unit hospital settings are elucidated. We need evidence on which types of hospital wards might benefit from the introduction of this technology and the contexts in which they are less useful. We also need to identify the types of people who are most likely to find FGM and CGM useful for self-management and for which populations they have the most benefit in terms of clinical outcomes and length of stay.
Contrast-Enhanced Micro–Computed Tomography for 3D Visualization and Quantification of Glycosaminoglycans in Different Cartilage Types
Authors: Boos Manuela A. , Grinstaff Mark W. , Lamandé Shireen R. , Stok Kathryn S. 
Published: October 2021

Objective To compare CA4+-enhanced micro–computed tomography (microCT) of bovine articular, meniscal, nasal, and auricular cartilage, each of which possesses a different extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structure. Design The diffusion kinetics of CA4+ in different native cartilage types were assessed over 20 hours. The feasibility of CA4+-enhanced microCT to visualize and quantify glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in these different tissues was tested using safranin-O staining and 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay. Results The diffusion kinetics of CA4+ in auricular cartilage are significantly slower compared with all other cartilage types. Total GAG content per volume correlates to microCT attenuation with an R2 value of 0.79 for all cartilage types. Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced microCT images of spatial GAG distribution reflect safranin-O staining and highlight the differences in ECM structure, with heterogeneous regions with higher GAG concentrations highlighted by the contrast agent. Conclusions CA4+-enhanced microCT enables assessment of 3-dimensiona distribution and GAG content in different types of cartilage and has promise as an ex vivo diagnostic technique to monitor matrix development in different tissues over time as well as tissue-engineered constructs.
Patient, Caregiver, and Provider Perspectives on Improving Information Delivery in Hemodialysis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Priscila , Talson Melanie D. , Finlay Juli , Rossum Krista , Soroka Kaytlynn V. , McCormick Michael , Desjarlais Arlene , Vorster Hans , Fontaine George , Sass Rachelle , James Matthew , Sood Manish M. , Tong Allison , Pannu Neesh , Tennankore Karthik , Thompson Stephanie , Tonelli Marcello , Bohm Clara 
Published: October 2021

Background: Patients with kidney failure are exposed to a surfeit of new information about their disease and treatment, often resulting in ineffective communication between patients and providers. Improving the amount, timing, and individualization of information received has been identified as a priority in in-center hemodialysis care. Objective: To describe and explicate patient, caregiver, and health care provider perspectives regarding challenges and solutions to information transfer in clinical hemodialysis care. Design: In this multicenter qualitative study, we gathered perspectives of patients, their caregivers, and health care providers conducted through focus groups and interviews. Setting: Five Canadian hemodialysis centers: Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa, and Halifax. Participants: English-speaking adults receiving in-center hemodialysis for longer than 6 months, their caregivers, and hemodialysis health care providers. Methods: Between May 24, 2017, and August 16, 2018, data collected through focus groups and interviews with hemodialysis patients and their caregivers subsequently informed semi-structured interviews with health care providers. For this secondary analysis, data were analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis using grounded theory, to examine the data more deeply for overarching themes. Results: Among 82 patients/caregivers and 31 healthcare providers, 6 main themes emerged. Themes identified from patients/caregivers were (1) overwhelmed at initiation of hemodialysis care, (2) need for peer support, and (3) improving comprehension of hemodialysis processes. Themes identified from providers were (1) time constraints with patients, (2) relevance of information provided, and (3) technological innovations to improve patient engagement. Limitations: Findings were limited to Canadian context, English speakers, and individuals receiving hemodialysis in urban centers. Conclusions: Participants identified challenges and potential solutions to improve the amount, timing, and individualization of information provided regarding in-center hemodialysis care, which included peer support, technological innovations, and improved knowledge translation activities. Findings may inform the development of interventions and strategies aimed at improving information delivery to facilitate patient-centered hemodialysis care.
Primary systemic sclerosis heart involvement: A systematic literature review and preliminary data-driven, consensus-based WSF/HFA definition
Authors: Bruni Cosimo , Buch Maya H , Furst Daniel E , De Luca Giacomo , Djokovic Aleksandra , Dumitru Raluca B , Giollo Alessandro , Polovina Marija , Steelandt Alexia , Bratis Kostantinos , Suliman Yossra Atef , Milinkovic Ivan , Baritussio Anna , Hasan Ghadeer , Xintarakou Anastasia , Isomura Yohei , Markousis-Mavrogenis George , Tofani Lorenzo , Mavrogeni Sophie , Gargani Luna , Caforio Alida LP , Tschöpe Carsten , Ristic Arsen , Klingel Karin , Plein Sven , Behr Elijah R , Allanore Yannick , Kuwana Masataka , Denton Christopher P , Khanna Dinesh , Krieg Thomas , Marcolongo Renzo , Galetti Ilaria , Zanatta Elisabetta , Tona Francesco , Seferovic Petar , Matucci-Cerinic Marco 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Primary heart involvement in systemic sclerosis may cause morpho-functional and electrical cardiac abnormalities and is a common cause of death. The absence of a clear definition of primary heart involvement in systemic sclerosis limits our understanding and ability to focus on clinical research. We aimed to create an expert consensus definition for primary heart involvement in systemic sclerosis. Methods: A systematic literature review of cardiac involvement and manifestations in systemic sclerosis was conducted to inform an international and multi-disciplinary task force. In addition, the nominal group technique was used to derive a definition that was then subject to voting. A total of 16 clinical cases were evaluated to test face validity, feasibility, reliability and criterion validity of the newly created definition. Results: In total, 171 publications met eligibility criteria. Using the nominal group technique, experts added their opinion, provided statements to consider and ranked them to create the consensus definition, which received 100% agreement on face validity. A median 60(5–300) seconds was taken for the feasibility on a single case. Inter-rater agreement was moderate (mKappa (95% CI) = 0.56 (0.46–1.00) for the first round and 0.55 (0.44–1.00) for the second round) and intra-rater agreement was good (mKappa (95% CI) = 0.77 (0.47–1.00)). Criterion validity showed a 78 (73–84)% correctness versus gold standard. Conclusion: A preliminary primary heart involvement in systemic sclerosis consensus-based definition was created and partially validated, for use in future clinical research.
Charting the Identity of Shimla
Authors: Singh Samriti 
Published: October 2021

Identity of a place changes due to rapid modern alterations in a city. There are various factors leading to these changes in the identity of a place. This research article investigates those factors through the physical mapping technique through the case study of the city, Shimla. The article delves into how the city of Shimla was formed as a British summer capital of India and has evolved its character and identity into a state capital. Components of identity of a place are explored and those components are applied to find the identity of Shimla on the basis of three major nodes of the city with important government offices. The components used to find the identity of the city are—historical layers of the structures, take of social community towards them, the components of the built form of the major nodes and activities performed at the nodes. The identity of a place is investigated by integrating all the aspects of the physical components associated with the major activity nodes extracted from the history and evolution of the city. Multiple ways of looking into physical spatial components of the nodes led to define the predominant factors to form the identity of the city.
A proximal LAVA method for genome-wide association and prediction of traits with mixed inheritance patterns
Authors: Waldmann Patrik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe genetic basis of phenotypic traits is highly variable and usually divided into mono-, oligo- and polygenic inheritance classes. Relatively few traits are known to be monogenic or oligogeneic. The majority of traits are considered to have a polygenic background. To what extent there are mixtures between these classes is unknown. The rapid advancement of genomic techniques makes it possible to directly map large amounts of genomic markers (GWAS) and predict unknown phenotypes (GWP). Most of the multi-marker methods for GWAS and GWP falls into one of two regularization frameworks. The first framework is based on$$\ell _1$$ℓ1-norm regularization (e.g. the LASSO) and is suitable for mono- and oligogenic traits, whereas the second framework regularize with the$$\ell _2$$ℓ2-norm (e.g. ridge regression; RR) and thereby is favourable for polygenic traits. A general framework for mixed inheritance is lacking.ResultsWe have developed a proximal operator algorithm based on the recent LAVA regularization method that jointly performs$$\ell _1$$ℓ1- and$$\ell _2$$ℓ2-norm regularization. The algorithm is built on the alternating direction method of multipliers and proximal translation mapping (LAVA ADMM). When evaluated on the simulated QTLMAS2010 data, it is shown that the LAVA ADMM together with Bayesian optimization of the regularization parameters provides an efficient approach with lower test prediction mean-squared-error (65.89) than the LASSO (66.11), Ridge regression (83.41) and Elastic net (66.11). For the real pig data the test MSE of the LAVA ADMM is 0.850 compared to the LASSO, RR and EN with 0.875, 0.853 and 0.853, respectively.ConclusionsThis study presents the LAVA ADMM that is capable of joint modelling of monogenic major genetic effects and polygenic minor genetic effects which can be used for both genome-wide assoiciation and prediction purposes. The statistical evaluations based on both simulated and real pig data set shows that the LAVA ADMM has better prediction properies than the LASSO, RR and EN. Julia code for the LAVA ADMM is available at:https://github.com/patwa67/LAVAADMM.