bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Models and Performance Evaluation of Vehicular-to-Infrastructure Networks With Optimal Retransmission Number
Authors: Bozkurt Aytül 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communications has been introduced to provide high rate Internet connectivity to vehicles to meet the ubiquitous coverage and increasing high-data rate internet and multimedia demands by utilizing the 802.11 access points (APs). In order to evaluate the performance of vehicular networks over WLAN, in this paper, we investigate the transmisison and network performance of vehicles that pass through AP by considering contention nature of vehicles over 802.11 WLANs. Firstly, we derived an analytical traffic model to obtain the number of vehicles under transmision range of an AP. Then, incorporating vehicle traffic model with Markov chain model and for arrival packets, M/G/1/K queuing system, we developed a model evaluating the performance of DCF mechanism with an optimal retransmission number. We also derived the probability of mean arrival rate l to AP. A distinctive aspect of our proposed model is that it incorporates both vehicular traffic model and backoff procedure with M/G/1/K queuing model to investigate the impact of various traffic load conditions and system parameters on the vehicular network system. Based on our model, we show that the delay and througput performance of the system reduces with the increasing vehicle velocity due to optimal retransmision number m, which is adaptively adjusted in the network with vehicle mobility.
Population Genetic Structure and Historical Demography of the Population of Forest Elephants in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouakou Jean-Louis , Gonedelé-Bi Sery 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The population of forest elephant has continuously declined in Côte d’Ivoire and, the remaining population largely consists of small populations that are fragmented and isolated. No data actually exist on the level of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of current forest elephant populations in Côte d’Ivoire need to be highlighted. In this sense, determining genetic diversity and the underlying mechanisms of population differentiation is crucial for the initiation of effective conservation management.
Forest elephant dung samples were collected in three forest reserves (FR) in Côte d’Ivoire. The total genomic DNA was extracted from these samples, A total of 101 sequences of the
mitochondrial DNA control region measuring 600 base pair and 31 haplotypes were obtained. A haplotypic diversity ranging from 0.655 ± 0.050 at Bossématié and 0.859 ± 0.088 at Port Gauthier was obtained. More than half (16 of 31) of the haplotypes observed were singletons and only the Dassioko and Port Gauthier FRs shared the same haplotypes. The strong genetic connectivity between forest elephant populations of the Dassioko and Port Gauthier FRs is supported by the grouping of these populations into a single cluster by Bayesian analysis and principal component analysis. Although populations of Loxodonta cyclotis still exhibit relatively high genetic diversity, habitat fragmentation has already affected the genetic variability of current populations. Urgent measures including the reinforcement/establishment of genetic corridors and the strengthening of protection measures need to be undertaken to save the remaining populations.
Nanodiamonds in Oil Emulsions as Effective Vaccine Adjuvants and Antitumor Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Lin Hsin-Hung , Wang Chih-Yen , Hsieh Feng-Jen , Liao Fang-Zhen , Su Yu-Kai , Pham Minh Dinh , Hsu Hsao-Hsun , Chang Huan-Cheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Vaccination is an effective tool to elicit immunological responses that mediate the protection from infection or disease. Composed of mineral oil and mycobacteria pathogens, complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) is one of the most commonly employed adjuvants for antibody production and vaccination due to its high efficiency. However, the dead mycobacteria in CFA can cause many allergic reactions. To avoid these adverse effects, we propose here a new formulation based on the use of nanodiamonds (NDs) as biocompatible non-allergic additives in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) instead. ResultsTested with chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) in mouse models, the new formulation with 100-nm NDs was found to serve well as a safe and potent vaccine adjuvant that significantly enhanced the immune responses and reduced the consumption of antigens in producing the antibodies of interest. Additionally, the composites showed distinct therapeutic activities, as proven by the OVA/ND/IFA treatment which effectively inhibited the tumor progression of OVA-expressing E.G7 cells inoculated in mice and allowed the animals to survive up to 35 days post tumor-cell challenges. Conclusions﻿The dual functionality of ND/IFA makes it useful as adjuvants not only to increase antibody production but also to create single-dose vaccines.
Childhood Diagnoses in Individuals Diagnosed With Autism in Adulthood
Authors: Rødgaard Eya-Mist , Jensen Kristian , Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica , Mottron Laurent 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Autism is a developmental condition, where symptoms are expected to occur in childhood, but a significant number of individuals are diagnosed with autism for the first time in adulthood. Here we use the National Danish Patient Registry to investigate diagnoses given in childhood among those that are diagnosed with autism in adulthood (N = 2199). We found that most childhood diagnoses were given after the age of 12, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, affective disorders, anxiety, and stress disorders were the most prevalent childhood diagnoses. However, 69% of males and 61% of females with adult autism diagnoses had not received any of the included diagnoses before the age of 18. In most cases, the late autism diagnosis is therefore unlikely to be explained by either misdiagnosis or diagnostic overshadowing. This result is at odds with the prevailing notion that autistic symptoms tend to diminish with age. Therefore, further research is warranted to examine how early signs of autism may have manifested among these individuals, and how similar they are to autistic people diagnosed earlier in their development. Milder to moderate cases of psychiatric conditions that have been solely treated by family physician or school psychologists may not be fully included in our dataset.
The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Moderate and Advanced Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Eslami Yadollah , Ghods Sepideh , Mohammadi Massood , Safizadeh Mona , Fakhraie Ghasem , Zarei Reza , Vahedian Zakieh , tabatabaei seyed mehdi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between structure and function in moderate and advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to determine the accuracy of structure and vasculature for discriminating moderate from advanced POAG.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 25 eyes with moderate and 40 eyes with advanced POAG were enrolled. All eyes underwent measurement of the thickness of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of the optic nerve head (ONH) and macula. Visual field (VF) was evaluated by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm and 24-2 and 10-2 patterns. The correlation between structure and vasculature and the mean deviation (MD) of the VFs was evaluated by a partial correlation coefficient. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was applied for assessing the power of variables for discrimination moderate from advanced POAG.Results: Superior cpRNFL, superior GCC, whole image vessel density (wiVD) of the ONH area, and vessel density in inferior quadrant of perifovea had the strongest correlation with the mean deviation (MD) of the VF 24-2 (r= .351, .558, .649 and .397; p< .05). The greatest AUCs belonged to inferior cpRNFL (.789), superior GCC (.818), vessel density of the inferior hemifield of ONH area (.886), and vessel density in inferior quadrant of perifovea (.833) without statistically significant difference in pairwise comparison.Conclusion: Vasculature has a stronger correlation than the structure with MD in moderate and advanced POAG and is as accurate as structure in discrimination moderate from advanced POAG.
Mafld Causes Alterations in Thalamus Energy Metabolism and Brain Structure
Authors: Nucera Saverio , Ruga Stefano , Cardamone Antonio , Coppoletta Anna Rita , Guarnieri Lorenza , Zito Maria Caterina , Bosco Francesca , Macrì Roberta , Scarano Federica , Scicchitano Miriam , Maiuolo Jessica , Carresi Cristina , Mollace Rocco , Cariati Luca , Mazzarella Giuseppe , Palma Ernesto , Gliozzi Micaela , Musolino Vincenzo , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Mollace Vincenzo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), commonly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, represents a continuum of events characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in some severe cases hepatocellular carcinoma. MAFLD might be considered as a multisystem disease that affects not only the liver but involves wider implications, relating to several organs and systems, the brain included. The present study aims to investigate changes associated with MAFLD-induced alteration of thalamic metabolism in vivo.
Methods

DIAMOND mice were fed a chow diet and tap water (NC NW) or fat Western Diet (WD SW) for up to 28 weeks. At the baseline and weeks 4, 8, 20, 28 the thalamic neurochemical profile and total cerebral brain volume were evaluated longitudinally in both diet groups using 1H-MRS. To confirm the disease progression, at each time point, a subgroup of animals was sacrificed, the livers excised and placed in formalin. Liver histology was assessed and reviewed by an expert liver pathologist.
Results

MAFLD development significantly increases the thalamic levels of total N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, total choline, and taurine. Furthermore, in the WD SW group a reduction in total cerebral brain volume has been observed (p < 0.05 vs NC NW).
Conclusion

Our results suggest that thalamic energy metabolism is affected by MAFLD progression. This metabolic imbalance, that is quantifiable by 1H-MRS in vivo, might cause structural damage to brain cells and dysfunctions of neurotransmitter release.
Herbal and Dietary Supplement-Induced Liver Injury: A Nationwide Comparative Study
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Lai Rongtao , tang jieting , Hu Yulin , Ding Yang , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Andrade Raúl J , Watkins Paul B. , Shen Tao , Jiang Yueping , Yu Yanyan , Wang Jiyao , Hu Peng , Sha Weihong , Li Lei , Ma Shiwu , Li Jing , Liu Chenghai , Chen Jinjun , Mao Qing , Lu Qinghua , Jiang Haixing , Xu Qingling , Yuan Hong , LI Yufang , Shi Li , Liu Liangming , Sun Kewei , Han Xi’an , Zhong Wei , Chen Jun , Chen Chengwei , Mao Yimin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Herbal and Dietary Supplements (HDS) are capable of causing liver injury, however, the extent of HDS-induced liver injury compared to western medication (WM)-induced liver injury has not been well studied.
Methods

This was a three-year, retrospective study from 308 centers across Mainland China. 3,877 patients with liver injury due to HDS and 3,796 patients with liver injury due to WM were analyzed. Demographic and clinical characteristics, implicated agents, and severity of liver injury were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results

The HDS group was older (average age 47.65 ± 14.8 years) and had more females (57.92%). The latency to onset of liver injury was greater in the HDS group than in the WM group (41 vs. 35 days, P < 0.0001). The median levels of serum aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBIL) at injury detection and at peak were significantly higher in the HDS group (P < 0 .0001). The mortality and incidence of acute liver failure (ALF) did not differ significantly between groups (0.59% vs. 0.76%, P = 0.3643; 2.31% vs. 2.13%, P = 0.6253). In patients without pre-existing liver diseases, the frequency of chronic DILI was higher in the HDS group (15.26% vs. 11.13%, P < 0 .0001).
Conclusion

Compared to WM-DILI, HDS-DILI is more common in older individuals and women, and has a longer latency period. HDS seems to cause more severe clinical manifestations, yet it does not increase the risk of fatal clinical outcomes. Further regulations on the use of HDS are needed.
Efficacy and Outcomes of Intraoperative Extensive Lavage Plus Surgery Versus Surgery Alone in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Li-xiang , Li Chuan-hong , Ma Jun , Chen Lei , Wei Zhi-jian , Xu A-Man , Han Wenxiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: This randomized study aims to evaluate the efficacy and long-term outcome of advanced gastric cancer patients with extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage (EIPL). Methods: A total of 150 patients with advanced gastric cancer were enrolled in this study, the patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups: the group of surgery alone (non-EIPL group), the group of surgery plus EIPL (EIPL group). The surviving rate analysis was compared by the Kaplan–Meier method. The prognostic factors were carried out using the Cox appropriate hazard pattern. Results: Symptom of ileus and abdominal abscess appeared more frequently in the non-EIPL group(p<0.05). The overall survival (OS) curve and the recurrence free survival (RFS) curve of the EIPL group was better than the non-EIPL group (p<0.05). The EIPL, tumor size, vascular invasion, N stage and T stage were independent prognostic factors of overall survival. The independent risk factors of recurrence free survival (RFS) include EIPL and tumor size. Conclusions: The present study revealed that EIPL can reduce the possibility of perioperative complications including ileus and abdominal abscess. Besides, the overall survival curve and recurrence free survival curve are better in the EIPL group. This technique is easy and not-expensive, therefore EIPL can benefit advanced gastric cancer patients a lot and would be a promising therapeutic strategy in the future.Trial Registration: Clinical Trials.gov, identifier: NCT02745509, Registered 28 March2016,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02745509?cond=NCT02745509&draw=2&rank=1.
Identification of a Novel Glycolysis-Related Signature to Predict the Prognosis of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: He Menglin , Hu Cheng , Deng Jian , Ji Hui , Tian Weiqian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a kind of cancer with high incidence and mortality in female. Conventional clinical characteristics are far from accurate to predict individual outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel signature to predict the survival of patients with BC. Methods: We analyzed the data of a training cohort from the TCGA database and a validation cohort from GEO database. After the applications of GSEA and Cox regression analyses, a glycolysis-related signature for predicting the survival of patients with BC was developed. The signature contains AK3, CACNA1H, IL13RA1, NUP43, PGK1, and SDC1. Then, we constructed a risk score formula to classify the patients into high and low-risk groups based on the expression levels of six-gene in patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Kaplan-Meier curve were used to assess the predicted capacity of the model. Next, a nomogram was developed to predict the outcomes of patients with risk score and clinical features in 1, 3, and 5 years. We further used Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database to validate the expressions of the six biomarkers in tumor and sample tissues.Results: We constructed a six-gene signature to predict the outcomes of patients with BC. The patients in high-risk group showed poor prognosis than that in low-risk group. The AUC values were 0.719 and 0.702, showing that the prediction performance of the signature is acceptable. Additionally, Cox regression analysis revealed that these biomarkers could independently predict the prognosis of BC patients without being affected by clinical factors. The expression levels of all six biomarkers in BC tissues were higher than that in normal tissues except AK3. Conclusion: We developed a six-gene signature to predict the prognosis of patients with BC. Our signature has been proved to have the ability to make an accurate and obvious prediction and might be used to expand the prediction methods in clinical.
The cyclic interaction between daytime behavior and the sleep behavior of laboratory dogs: A correlational study
Authors: Schork Ivana Gabriela , Manzo Isabele Aparecida , de Oliveira Marcos Beiral , Costa Fernanda Vieira , Young Robert John , Azevedo Cristiano Schetini 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sleep deprivation has been found to negatively affect an individual´s physical and psychological health. Sleep loss affects activity patterns, increases anxiety-like behaviors, decreases cognitive performance and it is associated with depressive states. The activity/rest cycle of dogs has been investigated before, but little is known about the effects of sleep loss on the behavior of the species. Dogs are polyphasic sleepers, meaning the behavior is most observed at night, but bouts are also present during the day. However, sleep can vary with ecological and biological factors, such as age, sex, fitness, and even human presence. In this study, adult dogs’ sleep and diurnal behavior was recorded during 24-hour, five-day assessment periods to investigate sleep quality and its effect on daily behavior. In total, 1560 hours of data were analyzed, and sleep metrics and diurnal behavior were quantified. The relationship between sleeping patterns and behavior and the effect of age and sex were evaluated using non-parametric statistical tests and GLMM modeling. Dogs in our study slept substantially less than previously reported and presented a modified sleep architecture with fewer awakenings during the night and almost no sleep during the day. Sleep loss increased inactivity, decreased play and alert behaviors, while increased time spent eating during the day. Males appeared to be more affected by sleep fragmentation than females. Different age groups also experienced different effects of sleep loss. Overall, dogs appear to compensate the lack of sleep during the night by remaining inactive during the day. With further investigations, the relationship between sleep loss and behavior has the potential to be used as a measure of animal welfare.
Perspectives from healthcare professionals on the nutritional adequacy of plant-based dairy alternatives: Results of a mixed methods inquiry
Authors: Clark Bridget E. , Pope Lizzy , Belarmino Emily H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Healthcare professionals are important sources of nutrition and health information for Americans. As plant-based (PB) dairy alternative products increase in popularity, concerns have been raised about their nutritional adequacy, and whether consumers understand that they are not nutritionally equal to dairy. Healthcare professionals directly advise consumers on dietary choices, therefore we sought to examine their understanding and opinions of PB dairy alternatives.
Methods

We analyzed comments submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by health professionals (n = 191) in 2018–2019 in response to a request for public comment on the nutrition and use of dairy terms like “milk”, “cheese”, and “yogurt" on PB product labels. Survey data from healthcare professionals (n = 417) was collected in 2020–2021. Comments and survey responses to open-ended questions were coded using template analysis and thematically analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression models examined perceptions across health professional characteristics for close-ended survey responses.
Results

Three-fourths of health professionals believe consumers are confused about the nutritional differences between dairy and PB dairy alternatives. Over half (53%) do not believe either product is nutritionally superior to the other. Many believe dairy products have higher nutrient value, but also believe PB dairy alternatives can be part of a healthful diet. Compared to other types of health professionals, dietetics professionals demonstrated a more accurate understanding of the nutritional value of both products and were more likely to believe nutrients like protein (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.22–3.34, p = 0.006) and vitamin D (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.48–4.09, p = 0.001) may be nutrients of concern for PB dairy alternative consumers. They were also more likely to believe consumers are confused about these products (OR 3.44; 95% CI 1.65–7.21; p = 0.001). Health professionals who submitted comments to the FDA showed stronger opinions in favor of PB dairy alternatives.
Conclusions

Although PB dairy alternatives have nutritional value in certain diets, responses from health professionals suggest that changing their labeling may reduce confusion. Improved nutrition education among health professionals may also be necessary, and health professionals participating in the federal rulemaking process may not be representative of the views held by all U.S. healthcare professionals.
Fifth fundamental force and formulation to determine it
Authors: Singh Raghvendra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There are four known fundamental forces of nature and there is a need to combine them into a unified theory. Progress has been made toward this goal but gravity remains an issue. However, the four forces are body forces that act on points. They together do not make the universe a closed system. Here, I identify a surface force, which acts outward normal to the surface of the universe. Further, using water drop hanging in a vacuum as a model, I provide a formula to find the magnitude of this force. The fifth force may be generated by surface tension, a property of the quantum vacuum field.
The Capillary Rise in Fine and Coarse-Grained Soils Considering the Matric Suction
Authors: Baldovino Jair Arrieta , Izzo Ronaldo , Millan-Paramo Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Few pieces of research have been conducted on the phenomenon of capillary rise in the field of soil for agriculture and geotechnical engineering. The rate of capillary rise of water in fine and granular soil is one of the major challenges for rising experiments in vertical open-tubes, as the time required for the water to reach the maximum height of capillary rise (hc) can vary from 50 to 400 days. The control variables during the capillary experiment are mainly: saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, soil density, water content, soil column height, and velocity of capillary rise. Thus, this paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of capillary rise in several soils based on matric suction models. Results were gathered by comparing the behavior of capillary rise using the analytical solutions developed by Lu (2016), Lu and Likos (2004), and by Terzaghi (1943). On analysis of the results, it was concluded that the equation proposed by Lu and Likos (2004) is the most suitable to predict the capillary rise velocity for the fine-coarse soils and the equation proposed by Lu (2016) is more suitable to predict the matric suction. Other mathematical model developed by Liu et al. (2014) is also suitable to estimate the hc but don’t consider the velocity of the water. The capillary rise method to measure the matric suction must be more applicable in sandy soil than clayey soils.