bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Added Value of Blood Cells in Thrombin Generation Testing
Authors: Wan Jun , Konings Joke , de Laat Bas , Hackeng Tilman M. , Roest Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe capacity of blood to form thrombin is a critical determinant of coagulability. Plasma thrombin generation (TG), a test that probes the capacity of plasma to form thrombin, has improved our knowledge of the coagulation system and shows promising utility in coagulation management. Although plasma TG gives comprehensive insights into the function of pro- and anticoagulation drivers, it does not measure the role of blood cells in TG. In this literature review, we discuss currently available continuous TG tests that can reflect the involvement of blood cells in coagulation, in particular the fluorogenic assays that allow continuous measurement in platelet-rich plasma and whole blood. We also provide an overview about the influence of blood cells on blood coagulation, with emphasis on the direct influence of blood cells on TG. Platelets accelerate the initiation and velocity of TG by phosphatidylserine exposure, granule content release and surface receptor interaction with coagulation proteins. Erythrocytes are also major providers of phosphatidylserine, and erythrocyte membranes trigger contact activation. Furthermore, leukocytes and cancer cells may be important players in cell-mediated coagulation because, under certain conditions, they express tissue factor, release procoagulant components and can induce platelet activation. We argue that testing TG in the presence of blood cells may be useful to distinguish blood cell–related coagulation disorders. However, it should also be noted that these blood cell–dependent TG assays are not clinically validated. Further standardization and validation studies are needed to explore their clinical usefulness.
Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative α-tert-Butylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds of N-Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines with Pivalic Acid under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Pinhua , Sun Li , Zhang Yicheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA transition-metal-free visible-light photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative alkylation of the benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds of N-aryltetrahydroisoquinolines is reported. The method tolerates various functional groups and proceeds smoothly without requiring a stoichiometric oxidant. A preliminary mechanistic study indicated that a radical process is involved in the reaction.
Hypervascular Nodules and Stiffer Liver are Associated with Recurrence after Microwave Ablation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Double-Center Analysis
Authors: Shehata Mona A. H. , El-Kady Nabeel , Hasaballah Maha , Mansour Loai , El-Gazzar Nabila , Abd-Elsalam Sherief 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims The aim of this study was to detect the most important risk factors for recurrence after microwave ablation (MWA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods A total of 92 patients with 110 HCC focal lesions (FLs) underwent MWA therapy. All the patients underwent triphasic CT before and after 1 and 3 months of MWA therapy. Complete ablation and recurrence rates were recorded, and the risk factors associated with recurrence were analyzed.
Results Regarding the 110 HCC FLs that were detected pre-MWA, adequate ablation was recorded post-MWA procedure in 88 FLs (80%) and incomplete ablation in 22 FLs (showed residual contrast enhancement). However, there were newly detected lesions (17 FLs). The rate of recurrence was significantly higher in patients with multiple larger (> 4 cm) sized and hypervascular nodules. Diabetics were significantly associated with a higher recurrence rate of HCC. The rate of recurrence was significantly higher in patients with baseline level of serum alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥200 ng/mL. Stiffer liver> 25 kPa had higher incidence for recurrence after ablation.
Conclusion Meticulous follow-up is mandatory in diabetic patients, patients with AFP > 200 ng/dL starting value, hypervascular large hepatic FL, and in stiffer liver> 25 kPa, as these patients have higher incidence for recurrence after ablation.
Ocular Affection as an Extraintestinal Manifestation in Cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease at the Kafrelsheikh Governorate
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Hussien , Elashery Mohammed , Maksoud Hebatallah Abdel , Mahros Aya Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction The manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. Musculoskeletal conditions are considered the most common extraintestinal manifestations, followed by mucocutaneous and ocular diseases. Many general practitioners are unaware of the variety and severity of the ocular affection in IBD patients.
Objective To assess the prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations in IBD patients at Kafrelsheikh governorate, and to evaluate the different ocular manifestations and their relationship to the severity of the disease.
Methods A cross-sectional study evaluating 120 patients treated at the Kafrelsheikh University Hospital. The diagnosis of IBD was made between December 2018 and December 2019 through clinical, endoscopic and histopathological examinations. All patients were assessed for any extraintestinal manifestation or evidence of ocular affection through slit-lamp examinations, tonometry, visual acuity, and indirect ophthalmoscopy.
Results The mean age of the sample was 35.5 ±  13.3 years. In total, 52 (43.3%) patients were male and 68 (56.7%) were female. Ocular manifestations represent ∼ 22.5% of extraintestinal manifestations. The most common ocular findings were conjunctivitis (25.8%) and anterior uveitis (10.8%), followed by scleritis (9.2%) and cataract (8.3%). Other extraintestinal manifestations were observed in 41 (34.1%) 29 (29.9%) of ulcerative colitis cases, and 12 (52%) of Crohn disease cases. There was no statistically significant difference in the presence of ocular involvement in relation to the two types of IBD included in the Montreal classification.
Conclusion Ocular manifestations in cases of IBD are common and usually nonspecific in presentation. The severity of the IBD does not reflect the severity of the ocular affection.
Safety of Transrectal or Transvaginal Drainage of Pelvic Abscesses
Authors: Mohammed Ilyas Mohammed Iyoob , Kandagatla Pridvi , Reickert Craig A. , Nalamati Surya , Webb Shawn P. , Szilagy Eric J. , Stefanou Amalia J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective The literature on the safety and long-term sequelae of transrectal and transvaginal drainage of pelvic abscesses is limited. We evaluated the outcomes and safety of pelvic abscess drainage by interventional radiology at our institution.Methods After obtaining institutional review board approval, we retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of transrectal and transvaginal pelvic abscesses drainage using computed tomography, endorectal ultrasound, and or fluoroscopy.Results The study included 26 patients, with an age range of 24 to 88 years old, out of whom 53.8% were men. A total of 46.1% of the participants were African Americans and 26.9% were Caucasians. The average body mass index was 28.4 (range: 15.6 to 41.9). The most common etiology was penetrating abdominal injury (27%), followed by appendectomy (23%), diverticular disease (11.5%), anastomotic leak (11.5%), and disorders of gynecological causes (11.5%). The mean abscess diameter was 6.3 cm (range: 3.3 to 10.0 cm). Transrectal drainage was performed in all except one patient who had a transvaginal drainage. Transrectal ultrasound was used for drainage in 92.3% cases, and fluoroscopy was used as an additional imaging modality in 75% of the cases. An 8- or 10-Fr pigtail catheter was used in > 80% of the patients. Drains were removed between 2 and 7 days in 92.3% of the cases. The average follow-up was 30.4 months (range: 1 to 107 months), and no long-term complications were reported. Only one patient required subsequent operative intervention for an anastomotic leak.Conclusions Pelvic abscess drainage by transrectal route using radiological guidance is a safe and effective procedure.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Overlap Anal Sphincter Repair for Fecal Incontinence Following Sphincter Injury
Authors: Lakmal Kasun , Basnayake Oshan , Jayarajah Umesh , Samarasekera Dharmabandhu N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Several techniques are used to repair the anal sphincter following injury. The aim of the present study is to comprehensively analyze the short- and long-term outcomes of overlap repair following anal sphincter injury.
Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar databases between January 2000 and January 2020. Studies that described the outcomes that are specific to overlap sphincter repair for fecal incontinence with a minimum follow-up period of one year were selected.
Results A total of 22 studies described the outcomes of overlap sphincter repair. However, 14 studies included other surgical techniques in addition to overlap repair, and were excluded from the analysis. Finally, data from 8 studies including 429 repairs were analyzed. All studies used at least one objective instrument; however, there was significant heterogeneity among them. Most patients were female (n = 407; 94.87%) and the mean age of the included individuals was 44.6 years. The majority of the procedures were performed due to obstetric injuries (n = 384; 89.51%). The eight included studies described long-term outcomes, and seven of them demonstrated statistically significant improvements regarding the continence; one study described poor outcomes in terms of overall continence. The long-term scores were significantly better compared with the preoperative scores. However, compared with the short-term scores, a statistically significant deterioration was noted in the long-term.
Conclusion The majority of the studies described good long-term outcomes in terms of anal continence after overlap sphincter repair. However, further studies are needed to identify the factors associated with poor outcomes to assist in patient selection for overlap repair.
Impact of Ambulatory Surgery for Hemorrhoidal Disease on Clinical Outcomes and Institutional Costs
Authors: Ascanelli Simona , Solari Stefano , Rubbini Michele , Aisoni Filippo , Forini Maria Elena , Carcoforo Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Transanal hemorrhoidal artery ligation with mucopexy (ligation anopexy [LA]) and open hemorrhoidectomy (OH) can both be performed under local anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact and the cost-effectiveness of performing these techniques in an ambulatory setting of an Italian academic center on the postoperative outcome.
Methods A series of 122 consecutive patients with grades II and III hemorrhoidal disease undergoing ambulatory surgical treatment of hemorrhoids in 2015 to 2018 (group A) was compared with 122 patients operated at the same institution in the same period (group H) in a hospital setting.The primary outcome was the number of days required to return to work/daily activities. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain and complications, cost-effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and recurrence at 12 months. In group A, all the procedures were performed under local anesthesia with early discharge. In group H, the procedures were performed under general or loco-regional anesthesia with hospital admission.
Results The mean number of days required to return to work/daily activities was 8.4 ± 4.8 days in group A, compared with 12.5 ± 3 days in group H (p < 0.001). The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score at 1 week, 2 and 3 weeks, and 1 month after surgery was lower for patients undergoing LA in the ambulatory setting (p < 0.01). We observed more postoperative complications in hospitalized (12.5%) than in ambulatory patients (7.5%) (p < 0.001). The total mean direct costs per patient were significantly lower in the ambulatory setting versus the hospital stay group (351.3 versus 1,746 euros).
Conclusion Implementing ambulatory surgery for hemorrhoids is feasible, safe, and cost-effective.
Various Uses of Laryngeal Mask Airway during Tracheal Surgery
Authors: Celik Ali , Sayan Muhammet , Kankoc Aykut , Tombul Ismail , Kurul Ismail Cüneyt , Tastepe Abdullah Irfan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) ventilation in surgeries to be performed in upper tracheal stenosis has been reported in the case series. However, there is no generally accepted standardized approach for the use of LMA. In this study, LMA usage areas and advantages of trachea surgery were examined.
Methods The records of 21 patients who underwent tracheal surgery using LMA ventilation between March 2016 and May 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. The patient data were analyzed according to age, gender, mean follow-up time, surgical indication, mean tracheal resection length, anastomosis duration, mean oxygen saturation, mean end-tidal CO2 levels, and postoperative complications.
Results Four patients were female and 17 were male, their median age was 43 (11–72 range) and the mean follow-up time was 17.6 months. The most common surgical indication was postintubation tracheal stenosis. The mean tracheal resection length was 26.6 mm and the mean anastomosis duration was 11.3 minutes. The mean pulse oximetry and mean end-tidal CO2 during laryngeal mask ventilation was 97.6% ± 2.1 and 38.1 ± 2.8 mm Hg, respectively. Postoperative complications were higher in patients with comorbidities.
Conclusion LMA-assisted tracheal surgery is a method that can be used safely as a standard technique in the surgery of benign and malignant diseases of both the upper and lower airway performed on pediatric patients, patients with tracheostomy, and suitable patients with tracheoesophageal fistula.
Computed Tomography Colonography as a Sensible Option for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Evidence Based on Metanalysis
Authors: Borges Ingrid Chaves de Souza , Cunha Natália Costa Resende , Rassi Amanda Marsiaj , de Oliveira Marcela Garcia , Leão-Cordeiro Jacqueline Andréia Bernardes , Ataides Fábio Silvestre , Almeida Rogério José , Vilanova-Costa Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective This metanalysis aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography colonography in colorectal polyp detection.
Methods A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases.
Results A total of 1,872 patients (males 57.2%, females 42.8%) aged 49 to 82 years old (mean age 59.7 ± 5.3 years) were included in this metanalysis. The estimated sensitivity of computed tomography colonography was 88.4% (46.3–95.7%, coefficient of variation [CV] = 28.5%) and the estimated specificity was 73.6% (47.4–100.0%, CV = 37.5%). For lesions up to 9 mm, the sensitivity was 82.5% (62.0–99.9%, CV = 25.1%) and the specificity was 79.2% (32.0–98.0%, CV = 22.9%). For lesions > 9 mm, the sensitivity was 90.2% (64.0–100.0%, CV = 7.4%) and the specificity was 94.7% (80.0–100.0%, CV = 6.2%). No statistically significant differences in sensitivity according to the size of the lesion were found (p = 0.0958); however, the specificity was higher for lesions > 9 mm (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions Most of the studies analyzed in the present work were conducted before 2010, which is about a decade after computed tomography colonography started being indicated as a screening method by European and American guidelines. Therefore, more studies aimed at analyzing the technique after further technological advancements are necessary, which could lead to the development of more modern devices.
Efficacy and Safety of Two Different Flow Rates of Nasal High-Flow Therapy in Preterm Neonates ≥28 Weeks of Gestation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Balasubramanian Haribalakrishna , Sakharkar Sachin , Majarikar Swati , Srinivasan Lakshmi , Kabra Nandkishor S. , Garg Bhawandeep , Ahmed Javed 
Published: March 2021

Objective The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two different nasal high-flow rates for primary respiratory support in preterm neonates
Study Design In this single-center, double-blinded randomized controlled trial, preterm neonates ≥28 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress from birth were randomized to treatment with either increased nasal flow therapy (8–10 L/min) or standard nasal flow therapy (5–7 L/min). The primary outcome of nasal high-flow therapy failure was a composite outcome defined as the need for higher respiratory support (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] or mechanical ventilation) or surfactant therapy.
Results A total of 212 neonates were enrolled. Nasal high-flow failure rate in the increased flow group was similar to the standard flow group (22 vs. 29%, relative risk = 0.81 [95% confidence interval: 0.57–1.15]). However, nasal flow rate escalation was significantly more common in the standard flow group (64 vs. 43%, p = 0.004). None of the infants in the increased flow group developed air leak syndromes.
Conclusion Higher nasal flow rate (8–10 L/min) when compared with lower nasal flow rate of 5 to 7 L/min did not reduce the need for higher respiratory support (CPAP/mechanical ventilation) or surfactant therapy in moderately and late preterm neonates. However, initial flow rates of 5 L/min were not optimal for most preterm infants receiving primary nasal flow therapy.
Key Points
Presumptive Neonatal Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Divekar Abhay A. , Patamasucon Pisespong , Benjamin Joshua S. 
Published: March 2021

Objective The study aimed to alert the neonatal community to the possibility of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) like disease in critically ill neonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Study Design Diagnosis of MIS-C like disease was pursued after echocardiography showed severely depressed ventricular function and pathological coronary artery dilation in the setting of medically refractory multisystem organ failure and maternal COVID-19 infection. The neonate did not respond to standard medical therapy, and there was no alternative disease that could explain the clinical course. High index of clinical suspicion coupled with low risk of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) prompted us to pursue IVIG administration even though the neonate did not meet classic criteria for MIS-C.
Result Following treatment with IVIG, there was rapid clinical improvement. Ventricular function improved within 15 hours and coronary artery dilation resolved in 8 days. There was no recurrence of disease during follow-up.
Conclusion COVID-19 associated MIS-C like disease has not been well described in neonates. As typical features may be conspicuously absent, a high index of suspicion is warranted in critically ill neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Echocardiography may provide critical diagnostic information and narrow the differential diagnosis.
Key Points
The politics of identity in diasporic media1
Authors: Patiño-Santos Adriana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBy following a sociolinguistic, ethnographic approach, this paper explores the intricacies behind the construction of a collective identity in the practices of a community radio station, off- and on-air, that serves the Spanish speaking Latin American community in London. The analysis of the information gathered from a 6-months ethnography conducted in a well-established radio station in South London, allowed me to document how the politics of identity delivered on air, far from being a straightforward process, entails some decisions regarding what to say and how, in order to deliver harmonious relations. The shared use of the Spanish language, albeit in different varieties, and some perceived shared values, become the salient markers to present this harmonious identity. Projecting a unified group identity is seen as an important aim for migrants when navigating diaspora in the UK.
Hydrodynamics of a superfluid smectic
Authors: Hofmann Johannes , Zwerger Wilhelm 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We determine the hydrodynamic modes of the superfluid analog of a smectic-A liquid crystal phase, i.e., a state in which both gauge invariance and translational invariance along a single direction are spontaneously broken. Such a superfluid smectic provides an idealized description of the incommensurate supersolid state realized in Bose–Einstein condensates with strong dipolar interactions as well as of the stripe phase in Bose gases with spin–orbit coupling. We show that the presence of a finite normal fluid density in the ground state of these systems gives rise to a well-defined second-sound type mode even at zero temperature. It replaces the diffusive permeation mode of a normal smectic phase and is directly connected with the classic description of supersolids by Andreev and Lifshitz in terms of a propagating defect mode. An analytic expression is derived for the two sound velocities that appear in the longitudinal excitation spectrum. It only depends on the low-energy parameters associated with the two independent broken symmetries, which are the effective layer compression modulus and the superfluid fraction.
Analysis of transient processes in levitation electromechanical systems including effects of magnetic potential hole
Authors: Czaban A , Łukasik Z , Lis M , Szafraniec A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A mathematical model of a dynamic system including superconducting electric circuits and effects of the magnetic potential hole is presented. Motion transmission of the magnetic cushion rapid train, known as maglev train, which uses natural magnetic static levitation, is modelled on this basis. Starting from the model, transient electromechanical processes in an integrated dynamic system are analysed. The model is presented as a system of non-linear differential equations in the normal Cauchy’s form. The equations are integrated by means of explicit numerical methods. Results of computer simulations are illustrated as graphs whose behaviour is analysed.
Evaluation of plant spatial placement by TF POLYM Software
Authors: Findura P , Bartoš P , Prístavka M , Urbanovičoà O , Miernik A , Kiełbasa P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Food production intensity is a key issue in the modern world. Due to the development of the possibility of increasing the production area, the technology is constantly being improved and supplemented to increase their efficiency. The basis of any cultivation is sowing, which should provide everyone with a suitable living space. It allows the plant to effectively use the applied fertilization, chemical protection or mechanical treatments. The article develops the options for determining the living space of plants. The computational algorithm uses the Voronoi diagram belonging to the computational geometry technique, and then the Delphi software, the TfPolyM computer application, which was developed at the Faculty of Engineering of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Based on the digitization of photos, the software is able to calculate the living space of the plant, and also allows for a precise assessment of the uniformity and quality of planting.
Hardening of steel axially symmetrical elements heated with two-turn inductor
Authors: Iskierka S , Iskierka I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research the complex model of induction hardening of tool steel was shown. Electomagnetic phenomena, thermal phenomena and phase transformations were taken into considerations. The electromagnetic and the heat transfer equations have been solved by finite elements method by Galerkin formulations. Model of estimation of phase fractions and their kinetics has been based on the isothermal transformation diagram (TTT). Phase fractions which occur during the continuous heating and cooling (austenite, pearlite or bainite) are described by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami formula. To determine of the formed martensite the modified Koistinen-Marburger equation is used.