bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Egg Production, Quality and Hatchability in Three Chicken Genotypes under Humid Tropical Conditions
Authors: Omoyara O.P , Abioja M.O , Iyasere O.S , Egbeyale L.T 
Published: May 2021

Comparative study on egg production and hatchability characteristics in Nigerian local (NL; n=24), FUNAAB-α (F-α; n=24) and Transylvanian naked neck (TNN; n=24) chickens aged 25 weeks old was carried out for 4 weeks. Three hundred and sixty hatchable eggs each were used for quality characteristics determination and for incubation. F-α had significantly (P<0.001) higher egg production (90.3%) than TNN (76.9%) while TNN was higher than NL (58.3%). Egg weight (EWT), length, width and surface area, albumen height, weight, percentage and index, shell weight, color and internal quality unit (IQU) were significantly (P<0.001) affected by genotype. These followed the pattern: NL<F-α<TNN. F-α and TNN had significantly (P<0.001) higher values than NL in egg shape index, yolk weight, height and diameter. Yolk colour index was significantly (P<0.01) higher in TNN than in F-α. Yolk percentage and yolk-albumen ratio followed the pattern: NL>F-α>TNN. NL had (P<0.001) thicker and higher shell percentage (SP) than F-α and TNN. Higher Haugh unit (HU) was recorded in TNN than in NL and F-α. Fertility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in F-α than in TNN. Hatchability was not (P>0.05) affected by genotype. Chick weight and chick: egg ratio were significantly (P<0.001) by genotype. TNN had higher chick weight and yield than F-α and NL chicks. In conclusion, F-α laid more eggs than others, exhibited higher fertility with longer chicks at hatch. TNN is superior in EWT, HU, IQU and chick yield. NL had higher SP than others.
Keywords: Egg production, Egg quality, FUNAAB alpha chicken, Hatchability, Transylvanian naked neck chicken.
Phytoremediation Of Crude Oil Impacted Soil Using Purple Nutsedge
Authors: Nwaichi E.O. , Chukwuere C.O. , Abosi P.J. , Onukwuru G.I. 
Published: May 2021

The present study investigated the viability of purple nutsedge in the phytoremediation of a crude oilcontaminated land in the Kom-Kom community, Oyigbo, Rivers state, Nigeria. 150g of soil samples were randomly collected from two (2) different points on the polluted site and a control site and analyzed for Petroleum Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) and Heavy metals ( Pb, Cd, Cr & Ni). in soils and plants before and after phytoremediation. Plants were transplanted into the contaminated and contaminated soil after soil sample collection.After planting,the progress of plant growth was observed and recorded biweekly for 3 months before harvesting. From the results obtained, over 80% and 66% PAHs and TPHs phytodegradation efficiencies were achieved using the plant while Cd, Pb and Cr were removed by 90%, 67% and 39.2% respectively. The Bioaccumulation Factor (B.F) of the heavymetals in study plant were found to be greated than 1 which makes it suitable for phytoextraction of heavy metals. Therefore, the study suggests that purple nutsedge can be useful in the phytoremediation of a crudeoil polluted soil.
Keywords: Hydrocarbons, Heavy metals, Phytoremediation, Crude oil, Purple nutsedge
Distribution of metals in Labeo coubie (Ruppel, 1832) from a National Park river in Nigeria
Authors: Adelakun K.M. , Ibrahim A.O. , Joshua D.A. , Adedeji A.S. , Sulyman A. , Ojo S.B. 
Published: May 2021

This study assesses heavy metals distribution in body parts of Labeo coubie (African carp) fromRiver Oli, in Kainji Lake National Park as pollution index of the ecosystem. Fish parts samples (gills, muscles andvertebra bone) were prepared and specifically analyzed for the levels of Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe and Cd using Atomicabsorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of metals in the samples at different concentrations ranged from0.001±0.000 μg/g for Cd to 224.87±4.07 μg/g of Fe in the fish gill. There is significant (p<0.05) differences in the Pb,Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations across the different fish parts with gills accumulated the highest levels metals while Crlevels significantly (p<0.05) differed in the fish body parts and accumulated more in the muscles (10.75±0.15 μg/g).The mean concentrations of metal elements in the fish parts had shown some distinguish connection in its distributionswith Pb and Cu; Gills > Muscles > Vertebra bones, Fe and Zinc; Gills > Vertebra bones > Muscles while Cr wasdistributed in Muscles > Gill > Vertebra bones. However, it is revealed that Labeo coubie, a euryphagus fish probablyabsorb these metals through ingestion of contaminated food or absorption by the gills and bioaccumulate in differentfish parts. It is therefore established that River Oli is contaminated with heavy metals as presence of these metals infish is an indication of its immediate environment.
Keywords: absorption, bioaccumulation, fish parts, heavy metals, pollution
Substance Abuse: Awareness and Attitude among Secondary School Students in Sapele, Nigeria
Authors: Umukoro E.K. , Eduviere A.T. , Ahama E.E. , Moke E.G. , Edje K.E. , Omorodion L.I. , Ovigue C. 
Published: May 2021

Substance abuse is an intricate behavior seen to be most prevalent amongst young people across the world. This study assessed the awareness and attitude towards substance abuse among students from selected secondary schools within Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was utilized among 315 students who gave informed consent. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study from participants. Data was presented as simple percentage using descriptive statistics. The mean age of the respondents was 16.95 ± 0.09 SEM. A prevalence of substance abuse was 19.4%, which was seen more with males than the females. About 13.97% of the students had taken alcohol, 10.79% had taken tramadol, and 3.81% had taken rohypnol. School and mass media were the main sources of information on drug abuse, while peer pressure was the most predisposing influence towards substanceuse. Depression and its use as a confidence booster were main reasons given for the substance use. Adolescent substance use and abuse remains an ongoing challenge with a prevalence rate of 19.4% in this study. The study emphasizes the need for implementing drug abuse information and education in schools’ curriculum.
Keywords: Adolescent, alcohol, depression, drug abuse.
Clinicopathological Effects of Oral Administration of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Charcoal–Tree (Trema Orientalis Linn Blume) in Jamnapari Crossbred Goats
Authors: Saleh A , Usman A , Ibrahim N.B , Abalaka S.E , Sani N.A , Mohammed A , Zainal-Ariffin S.A 
Published: May 2021

The present study was aimed at evaluating the clinicopathological changes due to oral administration of ethanol leaf extract of Trema orientalis (ELETO) in Jamnapari crossbred goats. The clinical manifestations, gross and histopathological changes in the major vital organs were used as indices of the toxicity. The severity of gross and microscopic changes were evaluated by scoring technique. Twenty goats weighing between 15-20kg were divided into four groups with five goats in each group in a completely randomized design. The test groups I, II, III were administered ELETO at the dosages of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g/kg b.wt per os/day respectively, for 14 days while, group IV served as a control. Groups II and III showed decreased appetite whereas, group III showed bilateral congestion of ocular mucous membrane, lacrimation, rectal tenesmus and a significant decrease in body weight compared to control. The main gross and microscopic changes were mild to moderate and included; engorgement of the gall bladder, congestion and icteric liver, hepatocellular degeneration, vacuolation, necrosis and renal congestion observed mainly in group III goats. The results indicate that the ELETO was hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic at continued oral doses equal to or more than 2.0g/kg b.wt in goats but no significant toxicity when used at lowers doses. Therefore, special caution should be taken when keeping goats in areas with T. orientalis.
Keywords: Ethanol extract, Trema orientalis, Clinicopathological changes, Goatsv
Brasil e Argentina: processos de contrarreforma e retrocessos na política previdenciária
Authors: Fank de Almeida Denise Maria , Alves Jolinda de Moraes , Magro Amanda Letícia 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo, realizado a partir de pesquisa exploratória de caráter documental, tem como objetivo analisar os retrocessos da política previdenciária no Brasil e na Argentina. O recorte temporal analisa quadros econômicos desde os anos 1990 até os mais recentes, entre 2016 e 2019. Como resultado, o estudo aponta que a agenda política adotada hegemonicamente na América Latina, incluindo o Brasil e a Argentina, foi de caráter neoliberal, por meio de contrarreformas, características da contemporaneidade, implicando em retrocesso nos direitos construídos historicamente pela classe trabalhadora ao longo do século XX.
Research trends in library and information science in Argentina during the first decades of the XXI century
Authors: Corda Maria Cecilia , Liberatore Gustavo 
Published: May 2021

Objective. This paper aims at describing and analyzing the research lines on Library and Information Science (LIS) developed within the institutional framework of the Argentinian universities where careers in Library Science, Archival Science, and Museology are offered.
Design/Methodology/Approach. Documents presented at academic events from the Mercosur's schools were gathered, as well as former studies that address the issue. Additionally, the scientific production of researchers and academicians from the LIS field was systematized using the Publish or Perish app, considering Google Scholar as a data source.
Results/Discussion. A consolidation of the LIS field was observed, both from the contributions for the conceptual and methodological strengthening of the discipline, and from the inquiries that seek to resolve issues that arise in the professional field of libraries, archives, museums, and other information units.
Conclusions. The existence of work lines that combine topics dealt with at an international level in the field was highlighted, as well as areas of specialization, focused on local realities. It was shown that the research development and productivity are concentrated in few schools. Finally, the incipient constitution of postgraduate studies at the specialization, master's degree, and doctorate levels was addressed, which, over time, will broaden the spectrum of research carried out in the universities developing these training sections.
Originality/Value. There was no study of this type in which documentary analysis was combined with bibliometrics to reveal researchers, topics, and scientific production in the LIS field in Argentina, something not always easy to capture and address.
Operationalising children’s rights principles: an indicator framework for policy analysis
Authors: Kišūnaitė Aida , Bui Ly Hai 
Published: April 2021

A pesar de los compromisos políticos de décadas de incorporar los derechos del niño en las iniciativas políticas, los instrumentos de seguimiento y evaluación basados en los derechos del niño siguen siendo inadecuados para este progreso. Como un esfuerzo por abordar esta brecha, el documento busca conceptualizar el enfoque basado en los derechos del niño y proponer su aplicación al análisis de políticas. Reconociendo a los niños como titulares de derechos y al Estado como el principal garante de deberes, el núcleo del enfoque basado en los derechos del niño es garantizar el disfrute y la realización de los derechos del niño a través de una serie de principios. El marco de evaluación propuesto en este documento se centra en la estructura legal del estado, las medidas de política y los resultados logrados en la realización y el disfrute de los derechos del niño y la evaluación del progreso de las políticas bajo las normas y principios de los derechos del niño. En consecuencia, el análisis de políticas basado en los derechos del niño está diseñado para basarse en dos conjuntos de indicadores que reflejan el compromiso político del estado y los principios de los derechos del niño.
The link between Internet Usage and Addiction to Online Gambling Among Undergraduate Students in Kenya
Authors: Dr. Dorcas Githaiga; Dr. James Kay Jane Gakii Marete; 
Published: May 2021

The study sought to examine the role of problematic internet usage in the risk of addiction to online gambling among undergraduate students in universities in Kenya. The study utilized Behaviourist Theory and Social Learning Theory. Ex-post facto research design was used for this study. The target population for the study was 97284 comprising all the undergraduate students in four universities and the accessible population was 2nd and 3rd year students comprising of 18911. The sample size comprised of 391 undergraduate students, 16 peer counsellors and four (4) student counsellors making a total of 411 participants. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire, an in-depth interview schedule and focus group discussion. Each focus group discussion comprised of four participants. Purposive sampling was used to select the universities of study. Purposive and simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. One university with similar characteristics with the sampled universities was purposively selected for piloting to ensure reliability of the research instruments. Descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages and means were used to analyse data. Chi square was used to test the null hypotheses while t-test was used to compare the study variables. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23. Qualitative data was coded and thematically analysed. The pre-test was administered to and the instruments were modified accordingly. According to the study findings, problematic internet usage was significant to online gambling the reliability coefficient of problematic internet usage was 0.829, online gambling was 0.875.
Customers’ Problems in Buying from Supermarkets in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Jahangir 
Published: May 2021

Consumers' preferences, satisfaction and, loyalty towards supermarkets in Bangladesh have been studied but this study aims to identify the customers' problem in buying from the supermarkets and their socio-economic characteristics along with present scenario and economic significance of the supermarket industry in Bangladesh. The study is empirical, mixed-method has been deployed, 400 customers of the supermarkets were surveyed by mall intercept technique through a questionnaire, 6 in-depth interviews were conducted with the supermarkets' professionals and relevant articles, publication, books, reports, journals, newspapers and websites were reviewed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and factor analysis were performed in analyzing the data. There are 211 outlets of major supermarkets in Bangladesh, which are contributing 1.49 % to the GDP and generating significant employment. Upper-middle and high class, highly educated, small family are the customers who face the major problems of high cost due to additional tax, long waiting time at the payment queue, and unnecessary purchase while shopping from the supermarkets. All the demographic characteristics have a significant relationship with these problems except the marital status and family size. The supermarket industry needs to understand the customers' psychology; concentrate on enhancing the store facility, educate people on the attributes of the supermarkets and the policymakers can initiate a proper policy in operating the supermarket business in Bangladesh.
Antecedentes e Consequências do Brand Hate: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Rémi , Amaro Suzanne 
Published: May 2021

No Marketing, as emoções sentidas por uma pessoa em relação a uma marca são um aspeto de extrema importância, uma vez que afetam a forma como os consumidores se comportam em relação a uma marca. Em particular, as emoções e experiências negativas tendem a ser mais marcantes e são mais suscetíveis a serem divulgadas aos outros. Desta forma, é pertinente para as marcas estudarem o Brand Hate, ou seja, o ódio à marca. Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre os antecedentes e as consequências do Brand Hate. Apresenta, ainda, algumas indicações apontadas por autores para as marcas se reconciliarem com os consumidores e prevenirem o Brand Hate. Este estudo é, assim, de grande importância para as marcas atentarem da importância do Brand Hate, nomeadamente das consequências altamente nefastas e como é que ela poderá surgir.
Spatial and temporal variability in the hydroxyl (OH) radical: understanding the role of large-scale climate features and their influence on OH through its dynamical and photochemical drivers
Authors: Anderson Daniel C. , Duncan Bryan N. , Fiore Arlene M. , Baublitz Colleen B. , Follette-Cook Melanie B. , Nicely Julie M. , Wolfe Glenn M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary atmospheric oxidant responsible for removing many important trace gases, including methane, from the atmosphere. Although robust relationships between OH drivers and modes of climate variability have been shown, the underlying mechanisms between OH and these climate modes, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we use a chemical transport model to perform a 38 year simulation of atmospheric chemistry, in conjunction with satellite observations, to understand the relationship between tropospheric OH and ENSO, Northern Hemispheric modes of variability, the Indian Ocean Dipole, and monsoons. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and regression analyses show that ENSO is the dominant mode of global OH variability in the tropospheric column and upper troposphere, responsible for approximately 30 % of the total variance in boreal winter. Reductions in OH due to El Niño are centered over the tropical Pacific and Australia and can be as high as 10 %–15 % in the tropospheric column. The relationship between ENSO and OH is driven by changes in nitrogen oxides in the upper troposphere and changes in water vapor and O1D in the lower troposphere. While the correlations between monsoons or other modes of variability and OH span smaller spatial scales than for ENSO, regional changes in OH can be significantly larger than those caused by ENSO. Similar relationships occur in multiple models that participated in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), suggesting that the dependence of OH interannual variability on these well-known modes of climate variability is robust. Finally, the spatial pattern and r2 values of correlation between ENSO and modeled OH drivers – such as carbon monoxide, water vapor, lightning, and, to a lesser extent, NO2 – closely agree with satellite observations. The ability of satellite products to capture the relationship between OH drivers and ENSO provides an avenue to an indirect OH observation strategy and new constraints on OH variability.
Upwelling-induced trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea inferred from 8 years of autonomous measurements on a ship of opportunity
Authors: Jacobs Erik , Bittig Henry C. , Gräwe Ulf , Graves Carolyn A. , Glockzin Michael , Müller Jens D. , Schneider Bernd , Rehder Gregor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Autonomous measurements aboard ships of opportunity (SOOP) provide in situ data sets with high spatial and temporal coverage. In this study, we use 8 years of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) observations from SOOP Finnmaid to study the influence of upwelling on trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea. Between spring and autumn, coastal upwelling transports water masses enriched with CO2 and CH4 to the surface of the Baltic Sea. We study the seasonality, regional distribution, relaxation, and interannual variability in this process. We use reanalysed wind and modelled sea surface temperature (SST) data in a newly established statistical upwelling detection method to identify major upwelling areas and time periods. Large upwelling-induced SST decrease and trace gas concentration increase are most frequently detected around August after a long period of thermal stratification, i.e. limited exchange between surface and underlying waters. We found that these upwelling events with large SST excursions shape local trace gas dynamics and often lead to near-linear relationships between increasing trace gas levels and decreasing temperature. Upwelling relaxation is mainly driven by mixing, modulated by air–sea gas exchange, and possibly primary production. Subsequent warming through air–sea heat exchange has the potential to enhance trace gas saturation. In 2015, quasi-continuous upwelling over several months led to weak summer stratification, which directly impacted the observed trace gas and SST dynamics in several upwelling-prone areas. Trend analysis is still prevented by the observed high variability, uncertainties from data coverage, and long water residence times of 10–30 years. We introduce an extrapolation method based on trace gas–SST relationships that allows us to estimate upwelling-induced trace gas fluxes in upwelling-affected regions. In general, the surface water reverses from CO2 sink to source, and CH4 outgassing is intensified as a consequence of upwelling. We conclude that SOOP data, especially when combined with other data sets, enable flux quantification and process studies addressing the process of upwelling on large spatial and temporal scales.
Optimal model complexity for terrestrial carbon cycle prediction
Authors: Famiglietti Caroline A. , Smallman T. Luke , Levine Paul A. , Flack-Prain Sophie , Quetin Gregory R. , Meyer Victoria , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Stettz Stephanie G. , Yang Yan , Bonal Damien , Bloom A. Anthony , Williams Mathew , Konings Alexandra G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The terrestrial carbon cycle plays a critical role in
modulating the interactions of climate with the Earth system, but different
models often make vastly different predictions of its behavior. Efforts to
reduce model uncertainty have commonly focused on model structure, namely by
introducing additional processes and increasing structural complexity.
However, the extent to which increased structural complexity can directly
improve predictive skill is unclear. While adding processes may improve
realism, the resulting models are often encumbered by a greater number of
poorly determined or over-generalized parameters. To guide efficient model
development, here we map the theoretical relationship between model
complexity and predictive skill. To do so, we developed 16 structurally
distinct carbon cycle models spanning an axis of complexity and incorporated
them into a model–data fusion system. We calibrated each model at six
globally distributed eddy covariance sites with long observation time series
and under 42 data scenarios that resulted in different degrees of parameter
uncertainty. For each combination of site, data scenario, and model, we then
predicted net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and leaf area index (LAI) for
validation against independent local site data. Though the maximum model
complexity we evaluated is lower than most traditional terrestrial biosphere
models, the complexity range we explored provides universal insight into the
inter-relationship between structural uncertainty, parametric uncertainty,
and model forecast skill. Specifically, increased complexity only improves
forecast skill if parameters are adequately informed (e.g., when NEE observations
are used for calibration). Otherwise, increased complexity can degrade skill
and an intermediate-complexity model is optimal. This finding remains
consistent regardless of whether NEE or LAI is predicted. Our COMPLexity
EXperiment (COMPLEX) highlights the importance of robust observation-based
parameterization for land surface modeling and suggests that data
characterizing net carbon fluxes will be key to improving decadal
predictions of high-dimensional terrestrial biosphere models.