bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of Defect‐Rich Ternary NiCoFe Layered Double Hydroxides: Fine Modulation of Co3+ for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Sun Xiaoliang , Hu Hanbin , Shen Tianyang , Liu Guihao , Li Zewei , Cao Dongwei , He Lei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe low‐cost, high‐abundance and durable layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been considered as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the easy agglomeration of lamellar LDHs in the aqueous phase limits their practical applications. Herein, a series of ternary NiCoFe LDHs were successfully fabricated on nickel foam (NF) via a simple electrodeposition method. The as‐prepared Ni(Co0.5Fe0.5)/NF displayed an unique nanoarray structural feature. It showed an OER overpotential of 209 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline solution, which was superior to most systems reported so far. As evidenced by the XPS and XAFS results, such excellent performance of Ni(Co0.5Fe0.5)/NF was attributed to the higher Co3+/Co2+ ratio and more defects exposed, comparing with Ni(Co0.5Fe0.5)‐bulk and Ni(Co0.5Fe0.5)‐mono LDHs prepared by conventional coprecipitation method. Furthermore, the ratio of Co to Fe could significantly tune the Co electronic structure of Ni(CoxFe1‐x)/NF composites (x=0.25, 0.50 and 0.75) and affect the electrocatalytic activity for OER, in which Ni(Co0.5Fe0.5)/NF showed the lowest energy barrier for OER rate‐determining step (from O* to OOH*). This work proposes a facile method to develop high‐efficiency OER electrocatalysts.
Prevalence and spectrum of pathogenic variants among patients with multiple primary cancers evaluated by clinical characteristics
Authors: Bychkovsky Brittany L. , Lo Min‐Tzu , Yussuf Amal , Horton Carrie , Richardson Marcy , LaDuca Holly , Garber Judy E. , Rana Huma Q. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundMultiple primary cancers (MPCs) are a hallmark of cancer predisposition syndromes. Here the frequency of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) among patients with MPCs is reported.MethodsPatients with MPCs who underwent multigene panel testing from March 2012 to December 2016 were studied. Eligible patients had an analysis of 21 genes: ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, NBN, NF1, PALB2, PMS2, PTEN, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11, and TP53. The frequencies of PVs by sex, number of cancers, and age at diagnosis were compared with 2‐sided χ2 tests or Fisher exact tests when the number was <10.ResultsAmong the 9714 patients analyzed, most were female (91.1%) and White (71.0%); the median age at testing was 63 years, and the median ages at first and second cancer diagnoses were 49 and 58 years, respectively. Overall, 1320 (13.6%) had PVs. The prevalence of PVs increased with the number of primary cancers (PCs): 13.1% with 2 PCs, 15.9% with 3 PCs, and 18.0% with ≥4 PCs (P = .00056). Differences in the prevalence of PVs by age at diagnosis were significant: 14.7% with 2 PCs at an age < 50 years, 15.8% with 1 PC at an age < 50 years, and 12.0% with all PCs at an age ≥ 50 years (P = 2.07E–05). PVs by the age at second cancer diagnosis were also significant: 14.7% at an age < 50 years, 13.9% at an age of 50 to 69 years, and 11.4% at an age ≥ 70 years (P for trend = .005).ConclusionsAmong patients with MPCs, there is a high frequency of germline PVs, with a higher frequency found among patients with a higher number of PCs. These findings suggest that genetic testing should be considered even among patients who are older at the diagnosis of an additional primary malignancy.
Utility of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology, with focus on the incidence and histologic correlates of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP): A 3‐year institutional experience
Authors: Cormier Christopher M. , Agarwal Shweta 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is the preferred diagnostic test for salivary gland lesions. The purpose of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is to standardize salivary gland cytology reporting and guide treatment decisions. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the utility and performance of the MSRSGC, with a focus on the cytomorphology of lesions diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP).MethodsIn total, 123 salivary gland FNAs were included in the study. FNA diagnoses for all cases were reviewed and recategorized, as applicable, according to the MSRSGC. Cytohistologic correlation was performed in 51 cases that had available surgical follow‐up, and the risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated.ResultsMost FNA samples were from the parotid gland. The mean patient age was 61.4 years, and the male‐to‐female ratio was 1.3:1. The ROM was 0% (categories I and II; nondiagnostic and benign nonneoplastic, respectively), 50% (category III; AUS), 0% (category IVA; benign neoplasm), 40% (category IVB; SUMP), 100% (category V; suspicious for malignancy), and 100% (category VI; malignant). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100% each. In addition, the primary factors for an AUS diagnosis were identified as low cellularity and/or the presence of lymphocytes. The presence of oncocytes followed by cellular atypia in an otherwise classic pleomorphic adenoma were principal factors for a SUMP diagnosis.ConclusionsThe authors report an ROM comparable to that reported in the literature, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, supporting adaptation of the MSRSGC into the system for reporting salivary gland cytology. In addition, the findings emphasize the need to refine criteria for AUS and SUMP, thereby improving the predictive capability and subsequent management of salivary gland lesions.
Edge enhanced deep learning system for IoT edge device security analytics
Authors: Mukhtar Naila , Mehrabi Ali , Kong Yinan , Anjum Ashiq 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe processing of locally harvested data at the physically accessible edge devices opens a new avenue of security threats for edge enhanced analytics. Cryptographic algorithms are used to secure the data being processed on the edge device. However, the implementation weakness of the algorithms on the edge devices can lead to side‐channel attack vulnerability, which is exacerbated with the application of machine‐learning techniques. This research proposes a deep learning‐based system integrated at the edge device to identify the side‐channel leakages. To design such a deep learning‐based system, one of the challenges is formulating the suitable attack model for the underlying target algorithm. Based on the previous findings, three machine learning‐based side‐channel attack models are curated and investigated for the edge device security evaluations. As a test case, the standard elliptic‐curve cryptographic algorithm is selected. Moreover, quantitative analysis is provided for the best attack model selection using standard machine‐learning evaluation metrics. A comparative analysis is performed on the raw unaligned data samples and reduced feature‐engineered samples using edge enhanced security analytics. The investigation concludes that the vulnerable algorithm implementation can lead to the secret key recovery from the edge device, with 96% accuracy, using a neural‐network‐based algorithm to analyse side‐channel attacks.
Plastic‐film mulch affects partitioning of maize biomass and nutrients to grain
Authors: Guan Zhen‐Huan , Wang Lin , Turner Neil C. , Li Xiao Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlastic‐film mulch significantly improves maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in hydrothermally limited areas, but there is a lack of understanding of how mulch affects the partitioning of dry matter and nutrients to grain. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of plastic‐film mulch on the remobilization of biomass and nutrients accumulated in the presilking stage to grain during the grain‐filling period. A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted with five maize hybrids in a cold semiarid environment. The vegetative biomass in all cultivars at maturity was generally greater than that at silking regardless of whether the soil was mulched or not, indicating that there was no translocation of presilking assimilates to the grain. The increased grain yield in plastic‐film mulched plots compared with those that were nonmulched was ascribed to their enhanced partitioning of postsilking assimilates to grain. Conversely, increased accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in grain at maturity under mulch relative to no mulch mainly was due to increased remobilization from presilking vegetative organs. The benefit of plastic‐film mulch in increasing the partitioning of postsilking assimilates and the remobilization of nutrients from presilking vegetative organs was greater in a drier than in a wetter year. The results of this study strongly support the conclusion that in hydrothermally limited environments, maize generally does not remobilize presilking assimilates but does remobilize presilking nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetative organs to the grain during grain filling. Further, plastic‐film mulched, relative to nonmulched, maize increases the translocation to the grain of postsilking assimilates and presilking nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated in vegetative organs.
Normative data for the Brief Spanish‐English Verbal Learning Test for representative and diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Breton Jordana , Stickel Ariana M. , Tarraf Wassim , Gonzalez Kevin A. , Keamy Alexandra J. , Schneiderman Neil , Marquine María J. , Zlatar Zvinka Z. , Salmon David P. , Lamar Melissa , Daviglus Martha L. , Lipton Richard B. , Gallo Linda C. , Goodman Zachary T. , González Hector M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionEpisodic learning and memory performance are crucial components of cognitive assessment. To meet the needs of a diverse Hispanic/Latino population, we aimed to provide normative data on the Brief Spanish‐English Verbal Learning Test (B‐SEVLT).MethodsThe target population for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) included individuals 45+ years old from Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American backgrounds. Average age was 56.5 years ± 9.92, 54.5% were female, and mean education was 11.0 years ± 5.6 (unweightedn = 9309). Participants were administered the B‐SEVLT in their preferred language (Spanish or English). Hispanic/Latino background adjusted B‐SEVLT scores and percentile cut‐points were created using survey‐adjusted regression models.ResultsHigher educational attainment, younger age, and being female were associated with higher learning and memory performance. Hispanic/Latino background groups differed in B‐SEVLT performance.DiscussionRepresentative learning and memory norms for Hispanic/Latinos of diverse backgrounds will improve cognitive assessment and accuracy of neurocognitive disorder diagnosis.
Sharing detection heterogeneity information among species in community models of occupancy and abundance can strengthen inference
Authors: Riecke Thomas V. , Gibson Dan , Kéry Marc , Schaub Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The estimation of abundance and distribution and factors governing patterns in these parameters is central to the field of ecology. The continued development of hierarchical models that best utilize available information to inform these processes is a key goal of quantitative ecologists. However, much remains to be learned about simultaneously modeling true abundance, presence, and trajectories of ecological communities.

Simultaneous modeling of the population dynamics of multiple species provides an interesting mechanism to examine patterns in community processes and, as we emphasize herein, to improve species‐specific estimates by leveraging detection information among species. Here, we demonstrate a simple but effective approach to share information about observation parameters among species in hierarchical community abundance and occupancy models, where we use shared random effects among species to account for spatiotemporal heterogeneity in detection probability.

We demonstrate the efficacy of our modeling approach using simulated abundance data, where we recover well our simulated parameters using N‐mixture models. Our approach substantially increases precision in estimates of abundance compared with models that do not share detection information among species. We then expand this model and apply it to repeated detection/non‐detection data collected on six species of tits (Paridae) breeding at 119 1 km2 sampling sites across a P. montanus hybrid zone in northern Switzerland (2004–2020). We find strong impacts of forest cover and elevation on population persistence and colonization in all species. We also demonstrate evidence for interspecific competition on population persistence and colonization probabilities, where the presence of marsh tits reduces population persistence and colonization probability of sympatric willow tits, potentially decreasing gene flow among willow tit subspecies.

While conceptually simple, our results have important implications for the future modeling of population abundance, colonization, persistence, and trajectories in community frameworks. We suggest potential extensions of our modeling in this paper and discuss how leveraging data from multiple species can improve model performance and sharpen ecological inference.
New echocardiographic indices of shift to biventricular failure to optimize risk stratification of chronic heart failure
Authors: Mandoli Giulia Elena , Pastore Maria Concetta , Benfari Giovanni , Setti Martina , Nistor Dan , D'Ascenzi Flavio , Focardi Marta , Baccani Bernardo , Patti Giuseppe , Valente Serafina , Mondillo Sergio , Cameli Matteo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe present study investigated the prognostic impact of either isolated left atrial (LA) impairment, or its association with right ventricular (RV) failure, in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), using basic and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).Methods and resultsOne hundred and six outpatients with HFrEF were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Patients with primary lung diseases, non‐sinus rhythm, previous cardiac surgery, and poor acoustic window were excluded. After clinical examination and basic echocardiography, STE was used to measure peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and a new marker of RV performance and pulmonary circulation relation: free‐wall RV longitudinal strain (fwRVLS)/systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP). Patients were followed for all‐cause/cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. Of 84 eligible patients (60.1 ± 11.5 years; 82% male patients), 48 reached the combined endpoint (cardiovascular death and/or HF hospitalization). Population was divided into three groups: Group 1 (PALS ≥ 15 and fwRVLS/sPAP ≤ −0.5), Group 2 (PALS ≤ 15 and fwRVLS/sPAP ≤ −0.5), and Group 3 (PALS ≤ 15 and fwRVLS/sPAP > −0.5). Mean follow up was 3.5 ± 0.3 years. The higher severity groups were associated with higher LA volume index (P < 0.0001), New York Heart Association class (P = 0.02), mitral regurgitation (P = 0.0004) and tricuspid regurgitation grades (P < 0.0001), lower left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (P = 0.0003), LV global longitudinal strain (P < 0.0001), PALS (P < 0.0001), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P < 0.007), sPAP (P < 0.0001), and RV strain (P < 0.0001). Reduced PALS and fwRVLS/sPAP were independent predictors of the combined endpoint with adjusted Cox models (hazard ratio = 9.54; 95% confidence interval = 2.95–30.92; P = 0.0002 for Group 3 vs. Group 1). Kaplan–Meier curves showed early and persistent divergence between the three groups for the prediction of the combined endpoint and of all‐cause death (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe combination of LA and right heart damage entails worse prognosis in patients with HFrEF. The evaluation of PALS and fwRVLS/sPAP could aid risk stratification of HFrEF patients to provide them early treatment.
Applications of Non‐precious Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Electrochemistry
Authors: Tajik Somayeh , Beitollahi Hadi , Dourandish Zahra , Mohammadzadeh Jahani Peyman , Sheikhshoaie Iran , Askari Mohammad Bagher , Salarizadeh Parisa , Nejad Fariba Garkani , Kim Dokyoon , Kim Soo Young , Varma Rajender S. , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon‐precious transition metal oxide nanomaterials offer numerous opportunities for various cost‐effective electrochemical applications. This review article features the design and advancement of such nanomaterials with unique features applied for the fabrication of electrochemical devices. Also, it discusses various new syntheses of transition metal oxide nanoparticles (TMO NPs) via multiple chemicophysical and biological procedures. Further, the novel appliances of the TMO NPs with varying sizes and morphologies are appraised. The advantages and challenges of a number of investigations on the TMO NPs towards electrochemical applications are addressed with their standpoint of cost‐effectiveness, applicability, and the efficiency of the introduced nanostructures for the industrial applications.
Detection of Pyocyanin with a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode Using Flow Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection and Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Jarosova Romana , Irikura Kallyni , Rocha‐Filho Romeu C. , Swain Greg M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report on the analytical performance of boron‐doped diamond thin‐film electrodes for the detection of the virulence factor, pyocyanin (PYO). The results reported herein confirm the utility of diamond electrodes for the sensitive and reproducible detection of pyocyanin in a 0.1 mol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) when using amperometric detection coupled with flow injection analysis (FIA) or square wave voltammetry (SWV). Pyocyanin was reductively detected by hydrodynamic voltammetry in FIA at an E1/2 of −0.31 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 mol L−1 KCl). The detection figures of merit were a linear dynamic range from 100 to 0.08 μmol L−1, a response reproducibility of 1.3 % (RSD), and a limit of detection of 0.09 μmol L−1 (S/N=3). A comparable linear dynamic range, response reproducibility and limit of detection were observed in preliminary square wave voltammetry measurements. Importantly, these detection figures of merit were obtained using boron‐doped diamond electrodes that received no conventional pretreatment. Some comparison data are presented for nitrogen‐incorporated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta‐C : N) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes.
Brain opioid segments and striatal patterns of dopamine release induced by naloxone and morphine
Authors: Shokri‐Kojori Ehsan , Naganawa Mika , Ramchandani Vijay A. , Wong Dean F. , Wang Gene‐Jack , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOpioid receptors are expressed throughout the brain and play a major role in regulating striatal dopamine (DA) release. Clinical studies have shown that naloxone (NAL, a nonspecific opioid antagonist) in individuals with opioid use disorder and morphine (MRP, a nonspecific opioid agonist) in healthy controls, resulted in DA release in the dorsal and ventral striatum, respectively. It is not known whether the underlying patterns of striatal DA release are associated with the striatal distribution of opioid receptors. We leveraged previously published PET datasets (collected in independent cohorts) to study the brain‐wide distribution of opioid receptors and to compare striatal opioid receptor availability with striatal DA release patterns. We identified three major gray matter segments based on availability maps of DA and opioid receptors: striatum, and primary and secondary opioid segments with high and intermediate opioid receptor availability, respectively. Patterns of DA release induced by NAL and MRP were inversely associated and correlated with kappa (NAL: r(68) = −0.81, MRP: r(68) = 0.54), and mu (NAL: r(68) = −0.62, MRP: r(68) = 0.46) opioid receptor availability. Kappa opioid receptor availability accounted for a unique part of variance in NAL‐ and MRP‐DA release patterns (ΔR2 >0.14, p <.0001). In sum, distributions of opioid receptors distinguished major cortical and subcortical regions. Patterns of NAL‐ and MRP‐induced DA release had inverse associations with striatal opioid receptor availability. Our approach provides a pattern‐based characterization of drug‐induced DA targets and is relevant for modeling the role of opioid receptors in modulating striatal DA release.
Critical role of rhythms in prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression: A randomized sham‐controlled study
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Chun , Li Cheng‐Ta , Liang Wei‐Kuang , Muggleton Neil G. , Tsai Chong‐Chih , Huang Norden E. , Juan Chi‐Hung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an alternative treatment for depression, but the neural correlates of the treatment are currently inconclusive, which might be a limit of conventional analytical methods. The present study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological evidence and potential biomarkers for rTMS and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) treatment. A total of 61 treatment‐resistant depression patients were randomly assigned to receive prolonged iTBS (piTBS; N = 19), 10 Hz rTMS (N = 20), or sham stimulation (N = 22). Each participant went through a treatment phase with resting state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings before and after the treatment phase. The aftereffects of stimulation showed that theta‐alpha amplitude modulation frequency (fam) was associated with piTBS_Responder, which involves repetitive bursts delivered in the theta frequency range, whereas alpha carrier frequency (fc) was related to 10 Hz rTMS, which uses alpha rhythmic stimulation. In addition, theta‐alpha amplitude modulation frequency was positively correlated with piTBS antidepressant efficacy, whereas the alpha frequency was not associated with the 10 Hz rTMS clinical outcome. The present study showed that TMS stimulation effects might be lasting, with changes of brain oscillations associated with the delivered frequency. Additionally, theta‐alpha amplitude modulation frequency may be as a function of the degree of recovery in TRD with piTBS treatment and also a potential EEG‐based predictor of antidepressant efficacy of piTBS in the early treatment stage, that is, first 2 weeks.
Status epilepticus in a patient with intractable epilepsy caused by renal colic due to a ureter stone
Authors: Torii Koei , Ikegami Yosuke , Aoki Maria , Kato Taiki , Hamakawa Takashi , Maruyama Tetsuji , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionEpilepsy has a variety of seizure‐inducing factors. Epileptic seizures caused by renal colic are extremely rare.Case presentationA 22‐year‐old woman with intractable epilepsy was brought to our hospital as an emergency case, because of vomiting and status epilepticus. She had implanted a vagus nerve stimulator in the left anterior chest at the age of 20 years. Computed tomography showed a ureter stone in the right distal ureter. On the second day of hospitalization, ureteroscopic lithotripsy was performed under general anesthesia. The patient’s seizures were controlled to a frequency of once a month or less in the four months after discharge.ConclusionWe encountered a rare case of the frequency of status epilepticus increased by renal colic due to a ureter stone. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy was effective in controlling the frequency of status epilepticus increased by renal colic.