bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemşirelerde İçsel Motivasyon ve İçsel Motivasyonun Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutumu İle İlişkisi
Authors: BAYER Nükhet , GÖLBAŞI Zehra , ESENKAYA Ebru 
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada hemşirelerde içsel motivasyonun toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutumu ile ilişkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Şubat-Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan 261 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler Bireysel ve Mesleki Özellikler Bilgi Formu, İçsel Motivasyon Ölçeği (İMÖ) ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeği (TCRTÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı yüzde dağılımı, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis Varyans analizi, Korelasyon analizi ve Basit Doğrusal Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin içsel motivasyon alt boyut puan ortalaması 4.25±0.60; TCRTÖ puan ortalaması ise 158.40±22.14 olarak bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin birimde çalışma süresi ve birimde isteyerek çalışma durumlarına göre içsel motivasyon puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır (p0.05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar hemşirelerin içsel motivasyon düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Hemşirelik mesleği en çok kadınlar tarafından tercih edilmesine karşın; toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin geleneksel ve eşitlikçi tutuma sahip olmanın hemşirelerin içsel motivasyon düzeyini etkilemediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A More Precise Mass for GJ 1214 b and the Frequency of Multiplanet Systems Around Mid-M Dwarfs
Authors: Cloutier Ryan , Charbonneau David , Deming Drake , Bonfils Xavier , Astudillo-Defru Nicola 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present an intensive effort to refine the mass and orbit of the enveloped terrestrial planet GJ 1214 b using 165 radial velocity (RV) measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph over a period of 10 years. We conduct a joint analysis of the RVs with archival Spitzer/IRAC transits and measure a planetary mass and radius of 8.17 ± 0.43 M
⊕ and

2.742

−
0.053

+
0.050

R
⊕. Assuming that GJ 1214 b is an Earth-like core surrounded by a H/He envelope, we measure an envelope mass fraction of X
env =

5.24

−
0.29

+
0.30

%. GJ 1214 b remains a prime target for secondary eclipse observations of an enveloped terrestrial, the scheduling of which benefits from our constraint on the orbital eccentricity of <0.063 at 95% confidence, which narrows the secondary eclipse window to 2.8 hr. By combining GJ 1214 with other mid-M-dwarf transiting systems with intensive RV follow up, we calculate the frequency of mid-M-dwarf planetary systems with multiple small planets and find that

90

−
21

+
5

% of mid-M dwarfs with a known planet with mass ∈ [1, 10] M
⊕ and orbital period ∈ [0.5, 50] days, will host at least one additional planet. We rule out additional planets around GJ 1214 down to 3 M
⊕ within 10 days, such that GJ 1214 is a single-planet system within these limits. This result has a

44

−
5

+
9

probability given the prevalence of multiplanet systems around mid-M dwarfs. We also investigate mid-M-dwarf RV systems and show that the probability that all reported RV planet candidates are real planets is <12% at 99% confidence, although this statistical argument is unable to identify the probable false positives.
People Who Inject Drugs and have tuberculosis: Opioid Substitution Therapy improves treatment outcomes in Ukraine
Authors: Fomenko Tetiana , Meteliuk Anna , Korinchuk Larysa , Denisiuk Olga , Aslanyan Garry , Islam Zahedul , Zachariah Rony 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Opioid substitution therapy (OST) is one of the pillars of harm reduction strategies for People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). It should be an integral part of tuberculosis (TB) care to increase the uptake, compliance and effectiveness of treatment and also curtail risk behaviors. We aimed to compare TB treatment outcomes in relation to OST among PWID in six regions of Ukraine.
Methodology: A retrospective cohort study using routine programmatic data from centers offering integrated TB and OST (December 2016 – May 2020). OST involved use of methadone or buprenorphine. TB treatment outcomes were standardized.
Results: Of 228 PWID (85% male) diagnosed with TB, 104 (46%) had drug-sensitive and 124 (64%) drug-resistant TB. The majority had pulmonary TB (95%), 64 (28%) were HCV-positive and 179 (78%) were HIV-positive, 91% of the latter were also on antiretroviral therapy. There were 114 (50%) PWID with TB on OST. For drug-sensitive TB (n=104), treatment success was significantly higher (61%) in those on adjunctive OST than those not on OST (42%, P<0.001). Similarly, for drug-resistant TB (n=124) treatment success was also significantly higher when individuals were on OST (43%) compared to when not on OST (26%, P<0.001).
Conclusions: This operational research study shows that OST is associated with significantly improved treatment success in PWID and can contribute to achieving Universal Health Coverage and the WHO Flagship Initiative “Find.Treat.All. #End TB”. We advocate for the scale-up of this intervention in Ukraine.
A five-year audit of gaps in HIV testing and associations with TB treatment outcomes in Armenia, 2015-2019
Authors: Abrahamyan Arpine , Hann Katrina , Akopian Kristina , Grigoryan Ruzanna , Petrosyan Ofelya , Davtyan Hayk 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Poor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing practices and underreporting of HIV-related data in TB information systems remain barriers to effective care for TB-HIV co-infected patients. HIV testing and recording practices in national TB program have not been formally evaluated in Armenia. This study aimed to assess the recording completeness of HIV testing and HIV status in the national TB program electronic database, and to determine trend in HIV testing and the association between HIV testing and treatment outcomes for all TB patients registered in Armenia (2015-2019).
Methodology: A cohort study of TB patients using routine programmatic data from the national TB program of Armenia.
Results: From 2015 to 2019, the electronic database was completed for HIV testing and HIV status by 48.1% and 97.5%, respectively. Of all registered TB patients 93.6% were tested for HIV. Of a total 4,674 patients, 1,085 (23.2%) had unsuccessful outcomes. Patients with HIV status “not tested” and “not recorded” compared to HIV “negatives” had 1.76 (95%CI 1.42-2.11) and 1.6 (95%CI 1.20-2.06) times higher risk of unsuccessful outcomes, respectively. Lost to follow-up was the most frequent unsuccessful outcome in HIV status “not tested” group.
Conclusions: An analysis of nationwide data revealed incompleteness of the national TB electronic database for HIV data. Patients with HIV status “not tested” and “not recorded” had higher risk of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. Upgrade of the electronic database with information on key indicators of TB-HIV services will facilitate improved monitoring and reporting.
Treatment success using novel and adapted treatment regimens in registered DR-TB children in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 2013-2019
Authors: Pirmahmadzoda Bobojon , Hann Katrina , Akopyan Kristina , Grigoryan Ruzanna , Geliukh Evgenia , Hushvaht Sharifzoda , Surayo Odinaeva , Tilloeva Zulfiya 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Approximately 3% of all pediatric TB cases develop MDR-TB, with only 3–4% of such children receiving MDR-TB treatment. In Tajikistan, children as a proportion of all DR-TB in the country increased from 4.3 to 7.5% during 2013-2018. Despite limited evidence on the use of new anti-TB drugs in children, WHO has updated its guidelines for DR-TB treatment for children, and Tajikistan did so in 2013 and 2017. Novel and adapted regimens included individual regimens for RR/MDR, XDR (with and without Bedaquiline and Delamanid) and short treatment regimens with and without injectables. It is important to document the outcomes of the treatment regimens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe characteristics of children receiving different treatment regimens for DR-TB, the culture conversion and treatment outcomes.
Methodology: Cohort study of children enrolled in DR-TB treatment by the National Tuberculosis Program in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, January 2013 to July 2019.
Results: The study included 60 DR-TB children. The male to female ratio was 1:2 and mean age 13.6 years. Median time to culture conversion was 66 days [IQR:31-103; Range:2-232]. In children with treatment outcomes (N = 58), 93% had favorable outcomes. There were four children (7%) with unfavorable treatment outcomes, all of whom were female 15-17 years, on standard (RR/MDR) treatment during 2013-2015. Favorable outcomes by DR-TB type were 91%, 90%, and 100% in RR/MDR, PreXDR, and XDR-TB patients, respectively.
Conclusions: All children enrolled after the introduction of modified guidelines for novel and adapted regimens for DR-TB showed positive TB treatment outcomes.
Pourquoi faut-il, encore, plaider la cause de la décolonisation du droit au Sahel (et ailleurs) ?
Authors: Le Roy Étienne , Boche Mathieu 
Published: October 2021

Étienne Le Roy nous a quittés le 28 février 2020, dans sa 80 e année. En décembre 2019, au détour de l’un de nos échanges réguliers, je lui avais proposé de participer à la préparation de ce numéro sur les (in)dépendances africaines, dont il avait apprécié « l’insolence de l’intitulé ». Il m’a fait l’amitié d’accepter cette proposition, et nous avions convenu de l’intérêt de centrer ce texte sur le besoin de décolonisation juridique des États africains francophones. Fidèle à sa volonté de transmission et de partage, Étienne a poursuivi ses travaux d’écriture dans les derniers mois de sa vie avec plusieurs ouvrages complémentaires. Il a notamment confié en héritage au comité technique « Foncier et développement » un texte sur son cheminement intellectuel sur les questions foncières (Le Roy, 2019b). À la suite de ce témoignage sur six décennies de recherche et d’engagement, il a souhaité ici livrer une autre contribution, sous forme de discours de la méthode, appelant à la production d’un droit authentiquement nouveau, fondé sur la reconnaissance des pluralismes juridiques et institutionnels. Comme le disait Étienne, « derrière le prétendu droit coutumier, il y a un univers juridique qui émerge avec “le faire, les actes posés et les comportements ritualisés”, une juridicité relevant d’une logique à l’état pratique totalement ignorée des juristes ». C’est sur la base de l’observation de ces pratiques qu’il propose une démarche de médiation pour accompagner de nouvelles formes de production normative. Ce texte constitue l’un des derniers témoignages académiques d’Étienne Le Roy. Il raisonne comme une invitation à l’introspection et au questionnement pour amorcer une démarche de décolonisation juridique fondée sur les pratiques normatives endogènes. Telle une boussole, ces principes pourront aider celles et ceux qui souhaitent se lancer dans ce voyage fondateur. Merci à Étienne et à sa famille de nous avoir fait l’honneur et l’amitié de nous confier cette part d’héritage et d’avoir accepté la publication de ce texte dans ce numéro d’ Afrique contemporaine .
Après les « états généraux de l’eco »
Authors: Amato Massimo , Nubukpo Kako 
Published: October 2021

Les « États généraux de l’eco : quelle monnaie pour quel développement en Afrique de l’Ouest ? », organisés à Lomé du 26 au 28 mai 2021, se sont achevés par une déclaration qui élabore les traits fondamentaux de l’Eco-CEDEAO, et par l’élaboration d’une feuille de route dédiée à sa mise en place. Cet article propose de mettre en perspective la déclaration de Lomé en précisant les fondements théoriques et la temporalité de mise en œuvre d’une monnaie unique pour la CEDEAO, actant la fin du franc CFA en Afrique de l’Ouest.
Le fait numérique comme « conjonctures médiatrices »
Authors: Vitali-Rosati Marcello 
Published: October 2021

Après avoir défini la notion de conjonctures médiatrices en explicitant ses relations avec d’autres concepts issus de la tradition intermédiale (médiation, média, séries culturelles), je montrerai les enjeux ontologiques liés à cette idée. Je vais me pencher en particulier sur le cas du fait numérique en essayant de proposer une ontologie paradoxale, une ontologie sans essence, qui saisisse les spécificités d’un phénomène médiatique sans pour autant l’essentialiser en un « média ».
Altérité, géographie, médias : une étude de Terre solitaire de Tiziana Panizza
Authors: Cisneros James 
Published: October 2021

En prenant pour appui un film chilien sur l’île de Pâques, Tierra sola de Tiziana Panizza (Chili, 2017), ce texte se penche sur le rôle historique des médias dans la production de différences géographiques et culturelles. Les notions de « récursivité » et de « techniques culturelles » nous permettront d’analyser les effets d’auto-référence par lesquels les technologies des médias sont représentées dans des contextes coloniaux. Le geste récursif de montrer les instruments d’enregistrement sur le terrain de la rencontre a historiquement marqué des frontières et des limites spatiales. Il s’agira, en définitive, de montrer comment les médias sont liés à l’espace géographique, et de quelles façons l’exhibition de leurs instruments opère un partage des lieux.
Fenêtre : un dispositif ?
Authors: Froger Marion , Méchoulan Éric 
Published: October 2021

Tout objet du monde, tout événement sont susceptibles d’une analyse intermédiale comme ils pourraient l’être d’une étude en termes de communication ou de sémiotique. Il s’agit alors d’appréhender toutes les médiations à l’œuvre dans la performance d’une pratique sociale. Afin d’en éclairer les mouvements et pas de côtés, cet article se propose de procéder à une telle analyse en prenant pour objet une fenêtre : celle autour de laquelle se construit de façon complexe Le cheval de Turin de Béla Tarr, par des jeux d’entrecroisements et d’inter-relations. Cette analyse est l’occasion de revenir sur le rapport aux objets/au terrain dans la recherche.
L’usage des emoji sur Twitter : une grammaire affective entre publics et organisations ?
Authors: Alloing Camille , Pierre Julien 
Published: October 2021

Parmi les signes en circulation sur les plateformes du web social, les emoji tiennent un rôle particulier. De nature graphique, ils sont employés autant par les usagers que par les community managers. En analysant ces usages, par une collecte massive de tweets et en les confrontant à des entretiens avec les praticiens, nous partons des emoji pour établir comment s’agence une grammaire des relations entre publics et organisations. Suivre l’emploi des emoji permet alors d’éclairer le travail émotionnel et affectif des community managers ainsi que le type de relation qu’ils peuvent construire, à l’aide de « mots-images » ou de « mots-émotions ». Les emoji agissent alors comme des affordances affectives guidant les pratiques professionnelles dans un environnement mouvant. Il en ressort que l’expression singulière des affections, médiée par des fonctionnalités affectives, permet de nourrir un sentiment général servant l’intérêt des plateformes et accessoirement celui des marques.
L’homme-sandwich. Une technique publicitaire entre productivisme et consumérisme
Authors: Canu Roland 
Published: October 2021

L’« homme-sandwich » désigne une des techniques les plus anciennes et « pittoresques » de la publicité moderne. À travers un siècle de son histoire en France (1840-1940), nous voudrions montrer comment cette technique permet de questionner la bascule qui s’opère entre deux périodes spécifiques des sciences et techniques publicitaires. La première est celle, typique du xix e siècle, du recouvrement de la modernité par les publicités ; l’homme-sandwich, le plus souvent un « miséreux », y est employé pour épuiser les pavés urbains. La seconde période, typique du début du xx e siècle, est celle de l’ aveuglement d’un consommateur dont les premiers publicitaires commencent à penser timidement la psychologie ; l’homme-sandwich, comme technique et comme « pouvoir », va y être éprouvé et fragilisé à l’aune des principes qui fondent désormais un secteur soucieux de se professionnaliser.
QSAR analysis of pyrimidine derivatives as VEGFR-2 receptor inhibitors to inhibit cancer using multiple linear regression and artificial neural network
Authors: Masoomi Sefiddashti Fariba , Asadpour Saeid , Haddadi Hedayat , Ghanavati Nasab Shima 
Published: October 2021

Background and purpose:
In this study, the pharmacological activity of 33 compounds of furopyrimidine and thienopyrimidine as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitors to inhibit cancer was investigated. The most important angiogenesis inducer is VEGF endothelial growth factor, which exerts its activity by binding to two tyrosine kinase receptors called VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Due to the critical role of VEGF in the pathological angiogenesis of this molecule, it is a valuable therapeutic target for anti-angiogenesis therapies.

Experimental approach:
After calculating descriptors using SPSS software and stepwise selection method, 5 descriptors were used for modeling in multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN). The calibration series and the test series in this study included 26 and 7 combinations, respectively.

Findings/Results:
The performance evaluation of models was determined by the R2, RMSE, and Q2 statistic parameters. The R2 values of MLR and ANN models were 0.889 and 0.998, respectively. Also, the value of RMSE in the ANN model was lower and its Q2 value was higher than the MLR model.

Conclusion and implications:
The results were evaluated by different statistical methods and it was concluded that the nonlinear neural network method is powerful to predict the pharmacological activity of similar compounds, and because of the complex and nonlinear relationships, the MLR was not capable of establishing a good model with high predictive power.
Galectin-9 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in Jurkat and KE-37 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines via caspase-3 activation
Authors: Zargar Balajam Narges , Shabani Mahdi , Aghaei Mahmoud 
Published: October 2021

Background and purpose:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of blood and bone marrow characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells. Galectin-9 is a tandem-repeat type galectin expressed in various tumor cells. It seems that the connection between galectin-9 and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 receptor acts as a negative regulator of cancer cells proliferation.

Experimental approach:
In this research, the effects of galectin-9 were investigated using MTS cell proliferation colorimetric, colony-forming, annexin V-FITC/PI, and caspase-3 assays in the Jurkat and KE-37 cell lines of ALL. Furthermore, the western blotting technique was used to evaluate the levels of apoptotic proteins such as Bax and Bcl-2 in these cell lines.

Findings/Results:
Our results indicated that galectin-9 can considerably reduce the cell growth and colony formation ability of both Jurkat and KE-37 cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, galectin-9 induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in ALL cells by a mechanism associated with Bax/Bcl-2 expression and activation of the caspase-3 activation.

Conclusion and implications:
Galectin-9 inhibited the growth and proliferation of cell lines with increased programmed cell death, therefore it can be considered as a potential factor in the progression of ALL therapeutics that needs more research in this context.
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of some new 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole, 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole and 1, 2, 4- triazole derivatives attached to phthalimide
Authors: Hassanzadeh Farshid , Jafari Elham , Shojaei Faezeh , Sadeghi-Aliabadi Hojjat 
Published: October 2021

Background and purpose:
In the last few decades, nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds such as 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles, 1, 2, 4-triazoles and 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles have received considerable attention because of their notable biological properties, especially cytotoxic effects. The small molecules of mentioned azole derivatives revealed very intensive antitumor activity. In addition, phthalimide-thiadiazole and naphthalimide-triazole hybrid derivatives have shown remarkable cytotoxic effects. According to these observations, some of the hybrid derivatives containing the phthalimide-five-membered azoles were prepared in three steps in this research.

Experimental approach:
The thiol group of azoles was treated with ethyl chloroacetate which was followed by a reaction with hydrazine hydrate to provide acid hydrazide derivatives. Subsequently, the corresponding acid hydrazides were utilized to prepare the final derivatives through the reaction with phthalic anhydride. Cytotoxic activity of final compounds was evaluated against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines using MTT assay.

Findings/Results:
Compound 3d containing two phthalimide moieties in its structure showed a significant improvement in cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 29 μM against HeLa cell line. Compounds 3a-3c showed less cytotoxic effects against both cell lines.

Conclusion and implications:
The combination of the thiadiazole nucleus with two phthalimide structures increased the cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cell line. This increase in cytotoxic activity is probably due to its being more lipophilic characteristic and interaction of this derivative with the biological targets of two directions.
Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Stachys pilifera on paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats
Authors: Rabani Mohammad Reza , Azarmehr Nahid , Moslemi Zahra , Sadeghi Heibatollah , Amini-Khoei Hossein , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein 
Published: October 2021

Background and purpose:

Stachys pilifera is used in traditional medicine due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The goal of this study was to examine the renoprotective activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of S. pilifera on paracetamol (PCM)-induced nephrotoxicity.

Experimental approach:
The Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups including control, PCM, S. pilifera hydroalcoholic extract (SPE), and PCM + SPE. The animals received SPE (500 mg/kg) for one week and PCM (3 g/kg) on the 6th day orally. Kidney function tests and oxidant/antioxidant markers were determined in serum and tissue homogenate, respectively. Protein and mRNA levels of TNF-α, as well as hematoxylin and eosin staining, were assessed in the kidney tissue.

Findings/Results:
Treatment with SPE in the PCM group significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine against the merely PCM rats (P < 0.05). The amount of nitric oxide metabolite and superoxide dismutase activity in the group receiving SPE showed a significant increase compared to PCM rats (P < 0.05). A significant difference in TNF-α levels between the groups was not observed. Histological changes were improved in the rats treated with SPE.

Conclusion and implications:
Totally, our findings showed that SPE can inhibit PCM nephrotoxicity by enhancing kidney function markers, antioxidant status, and histological changes. Though, more researches are required to estimate the possible mechanism of SPE.