bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar puncture patient video increases knowledge and reduces uncertainty: An RCT
Authors: Babapour Mofrad Rosha , Fruijtier Agnetha D. , Visser Leonie N. C. , Hoogland Nina , van Dijk Maisa , van Rossum Frederique , Bouwman Femke H. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients often perceive a lumbar puncture (LP) as an invasive procedure. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a 3‐minute educational animation‐video explaining the LP procedure, on patients’ knowledge, uncertainty, anxiety, and post‐LP complications.MethodsWe included 203 newly referred memory clinic patients, who were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) home viewing of the video, (2) clinic viewing of the video, or (3) control condition (care as usual). Participants completed questionnaires measuring knowledge as information recall, uncertainty, anxiety, and post‐LP complications, the latter when patients underwent an LP procedure (n = 145).ResultsViewing the video increased information recall for both home (P < .001), and clinic viewers (P < .001) compared to controls. Levels of uncertainty decreased after viewing (Pfor interaction = .044), particularly for clinic viewers. Viewing the video or not did not affect anxiety and post‐LP complications.DiscussionPreparing individuals for an LP by means of an educational video can help to increase knowledge about the procedure and reduce feelings of uncertainty.
Assessing the LGBT cultural competency of dementia care providers
Authors: Nowaskie Dustin Z. , Sewell Daniel D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough dementia risk factors are elevated in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults and are perpetuated by a lack of cultural competency, no known studies have quantified LGBT cultural competency among dementia care providers.MethodsDementia care providers (N = 105) across the United States completed a survey consisting of the 7‐point Likert LGBT‐Development of Clinical Skills Scale.RESULTSDementia care providers reported very high affirming attitudes (M = 6.67, standard deviation [SD] = 0.71), moderate knowledge (M = 5.32, SD = 1.25), and moderate clinical preparedness (M = 4.93, SD = 1.23). Compared to previously published data, they reported significantly lower knowledge than medical students. There were no differences compared to psychiatry residents.DiscussionThe current state of dementia care providers’ LGBT cultural competency has significant, yet modifiable, gaps. Better education, including more LGBT patient exposure, is necessary to improve the care being provided to members of the LGBT community impacted by dementia illness.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Toward COVID-19 Among Jordanian Residents During the Quarantine Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey
Authors: Al-Hussami Mahmoud , El-Hneiti Mamdouh , Bani Salameh Ayman , Abu Sharour Loai , Al-Hussami Rawan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectives:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable disease transmitted via respiratory droplet from 1 person to another caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Jordanian people toward COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the paper explores the lack of perception and adherence to preventive measures toward COVID-19.Methods:A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive online survey was used to explore study variables. A convenience sample of individual who are of Jordanian nationality, were aged 18 years or older, understood the content of the questionnaire, and agreed to participate voluntarily was surveyed.Results:The average correct score of COVID-19 knowledge was 84.44% (12.66/15). In addition, knowledge scores significantly differed across demographic characteristics of participants. Moreover, 93.8% (1009) of the study sample had confidence that Jordan can win the battle against the COVID-19 virus. However, study participants acknowledged that they did not visit crowded places in recent days (91.6%), while 71.3% (767) wore masks when leaving home.Conclusions:The current study added a new knowledge that generally the Jordanian people during the quarantine period have a high knowledge and optimistic attitudes and practices toward COVID-19.
Emergency Department Changes to Combat COVID-19 in Oman
Authors: Khilji Muhammad Faisal , Al Jufaili Mehmood 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur hospital is one of the tertiary care hospitals in Oman receiving coronavirus disease (COVID-19; C19) patients. To meet the expected surge of patients, a number of changes was made to the emergency department (ED), especially regarding capacity building and patient flow. At first, few changes were made to the main ED, which mainly includes the addition of a COVID suspect room with the use of a separate resuscitation area. The major drawback of the abovementioned system was the inability to see more than 2 patients simultaneously. A later separate COVID emergency department (CED) was used. In the CED, pending admissions was the major problem, as the C19 ward and C19 intensive care unit were becoming full; this problem was solved through central command help. In the normal ED, the main problem was the presentation of C19-positive patients sometimes hiding their symptoms and reaching inside the main ED, exposing the staff and patients. In order to combat this problem, all patients with an acute respiratory problem, even if C19 is not suspected, were taken to the corner cubicle. In this report, the changes made in the ED to combat C19 spread are discussed.
Automatic Calibration of Groundwater Models With Bias Correction and Data Filtering: Working With Drawdown Data
Authors: Trabucchi Michela , Fernàndez‐Garcia Daniel , Carrera Jesús 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe drawdown response to a hydraulic stress contains crucial information to characterize an aquifer. Modeling drawdowns is far easier than modeling heads because they are subject to homogeneous (zero) internal sink/sources, and boundary and initial conditions. The problem lies on the fact that drawdowns are not measured directly but derived from measurements of head fluctuations. Resulting drawdowns may suffer persistent inaccuracies in complex systems with uncertain long‐acting external stresses, so that they are affected not only by errors in head measurements, but also in estimates of the natural head evolution. This hinders the use of drawdowns in groundwater models, and forces modelers to employ absolute heads and soft information. In this context, we present a method to filter systematic errors in drawdown data during the calibration of a groundwater model. To do this, we introduce a bias correction term in a composite inverse problem that combines a natural head model with a drawdown model. Since these two models share the same parameters, a two‐stage iterative optimization algorithm is developed to jointly estimate the bias, natural trends, and parameters. The method is illustrated by a synthetic example in a heterogeneous aquifer. The example shows that the method converges to the best conditional estimate even when absolute head data is strongly biased. In the same example, we demonstrate that the use of biased absolute head data in the traditional inverse problem can also provide good fittings but, in this case, the bias leads to an incorrect estimation of the transmissivity field.
An adaptive frame slotted ALOHA anti‐collision algorithm based on tag grouping
Authors: Qu Junsuo , Wang Ting 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMulti‐tag anti‐collision is an important problem in radio frequency identification (RFID) application. Solving the problem is of great significance to the RFID technology application and the future internet of things; therefore, an adaptive frame slotted ALOHA anti‐collision algorithm based on tag grouping (IGA) is proposed. First, a novel method for estimating the number of tags accurately is proposed. Through theoretical research and the experimental verification, a relationship is obtained between the ratio of the collision time slot in the frame and the average number of tags in each collision slot, which helps us to calculate the number of tags. Second, the method of estimating the number of tags is applied to the IGA algorithm. The reader randomly groups the tags after the number of tags are estimated, and recognises the tags by grouping. In the identification process, the idle time slot is skipped automatically, and the collided tags can be identified with an additional frame until all tags are identified. The simulation results show that the total time slot of the IGA algorithm is relatively small, and the identification efficiency is about 71%, which is 30% better than the the improved RFID anti‐collision algorithm and 90% higher than the traditional ALOHA algorithm.
PL‐VSCN: Patch‐level vision similarity compares network for image matching
Authors: You Xiong , Li Qin , Li Ke , Yu Anzhu , Bu Shuhui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImage matching plays an important role in various computer vision tasks, such as image retrieval and loop closure detection in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping. The authors propose a discriminative patch‐based image matching method that converts the problem of whole image matching to that of local patch matching. To construct the patch representation, the Patch‐Level Vision Similarity Compare Network (PL‐VSCN) is proposed to produce the patch feature. In the image matching process, local patches that potentially contain objects within images are initially detected, and the discriminative feature of each patch is extracted based on the pre‐trained PL‐VSCN. Then, the similarities between the patch pairs are calculated to construct the similarity matrix, and the corresponding patch pairs are detected based on the mutual matching mechanism on the similarity matrix. Experimental results indicate that the proposed PL‐VSCN can generate the discriminative patch feature, which can accurately match the patch pairs with the corresponding content and distinguish those with non‐corresponding content. In addition, the comparison experiments demonstrate that the proposed image matching method outperforms existing approaches on most datasets and effectively completes the image matching task.
DEC‐LADE: Dual elliptic curve‐based lightweight authentication and data encryption scheme for resource constrained smart devices
Authors: Rao Vidya , K. V. Prema 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe fast growth in Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) applications has increased the number of end‐devices communicating over the Internet. As these resource‐constrained devices are connected over the Internet, they are exposed to various security and privacy issues. Traditionally, to provide end‐to‐end security, research efforts have been carried out using elliptic curve cryptography‐based authentication schemes. These existing schemes use a single set of elliptic curve parameters to generate the public and private keys, which are prone to be hacked under intense cryptanalysis. Thereby to increase the security strength the proposed method uses two sets of dynamic elliptic curves for performing digital signature and encryption processes. The method is evaluated on a client‐server model using the Raspberry Pi‐3 device. Herein, the choice of elliptic curves is made random at the client node and the reference of each elliptic curve is exchanged with the server during the key‐exchange process. The choice of elliptic curves is delegated to the client machine to avoid the unwanted delay that would be encounter if server had to choose the curve. This is done because the client senses the data at regular intervals of time and forwards it to the server securely. Experiments were conducted to measure the time taken for hashing function, key generation, signature generation, signature verification, encryption and decryption process. On comparing the proposed DEC‐LADE with cBLAKE2b, an improvement was seen at 13.76%, 2.57%, 18.36%, 6.12%, 9.91% and 6.08% less time, respectively, than LWDSA with mBLAKE2b. Theoretical and real‐time security evaluations are performed for man‐in‐the‐middle attack, replay attack, and a denial‐of‐service attack.
Chirp mass–distance distributions of the sources of gravitational waves
Authors: Ossowski M. 
Published: February 2021

Context. The detection of gravitational waves emitted by binary black holes raises questions regarding the origin of binaries. There are several models in the literature involving binary evolution in both the field and clusters.
Aims. We compare the predictions of these models with observations and establish the reliability of this comparison.
Methods. We use the likelihood calculation to compare the models in the space spanned by the observed chirp mass and the luminosity distance of the source.
Results. We rank the models by their ability to explain all current gravitational wave detections. It is shown that the most probable models correspond to binary evolution with low metallicity. Several variants of such evolution have similar likelihoods. The globular cluster model, considered here, is disfavoured.
Conclusions. We present the usefulness of the method in distinguishing between models when new observations become available. We calculate the number of observations required to distinguish between each pair of models. We find that the number varies from ten to several thousand for some pairs of models, yet almost two-thirds of pairs are distinguishable with at most 100 observations.
Gemini/Phoenix H-band analysis of the globular cluster AL 3
Authors: Barbuy B. , Ernandes H. , Souza S. O. , Razera R. , Moura T. , Meléndez J. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Zoccali M. , Minniti D. , Dias B. , Ortolani S. , Bica E. 
Published: February 2021

Context. The globular cluster AL 3 is old and located in the inner bulge. Three individual stars were observed with the Phoenix spectrograph at the Gemini South telescope. The wavelength region contains prominent lines of CN, OH, and CO, allowing the derivation of C, N, and O abundances of cool stars.
Aims. We aim to derive C, N, O abundances of three stars in the bulge globular cluster AL 3, and additionally in stars of NGC 6558 and HP 1. The spectra of AL 3 allows us to derive the cluster’s radial velocity.
Methods. For AL 3, we applied a new code to analyse its colour-magnitude diagram. Synthetic spectra were computed and compared to observed spectra for the three clusters.
Results. We present a detailed identification of lines in the spectral region centred at 15 555 Å, covering the wavelength range 15 525–15 590 Å. C, N, and O abundances are tentatively derived for the sample stars.
Energetic particle behavior in near-Sun magnetic field switchbacks from PSP
Authors: Bandyopadhyay R. , Matthaeus W. H. , McComas D. J. , Joyce C. J. , Szalay J. R. , Christian E. R. , Giacalone J. , Schwadron N. A. , Mitchell D. G. , Hill M. E. , McNutt R. L. , Desai M. I. , Bale S. D. , Bonnell J. W. , Dudok de Wit T. , Goetz K. , Harvey P. R. , MacDowall R. J. , Malaspina D. M. , Pulupa M. , Kasper J. C. , Stevens M. 
Published: February 2021

Context. The observation of numerous magnetic switchbacks and associated plasma jets in Parker Solar Probe (PSP) during its first five orbits, particularly near the Sun, has attracted considerable attention. Switchbacks have been found to be systematically associated with correlated reversals in the direction of the propagation of Alfvénic fluctuations, as well as similar reversals of the electron strahl.
Aims. Here we aim to see whether the energetic particles change direction at the magnetic field switchbacks.
Methods. We use magnetic field data from the MAG suite’s fluxgate magnetometer instrument to identify switchback regions. We examine the radial anisotropy of the energetic particles measured by the EPI-Lo instrument of the IS⊙IS suite.
Results. We find that energetic particles measured by EPI-Lo generally do not preferentially change their directionality from that of the background magnetic field to that of the switchbacks.
Conclusions. A reasonable hypothesis is that particles with smaller gyroradii, such as strahl electrons, can reverse direction by following the magnetic field in switchbacks, but that larger gyroradii particles cannot. This provides the possibility of setting a constraint on the radius of the curvature of the magnetic field in switchbacks, a property not otherwise observed by PSP. We expect that particles at higher energies than those detectable by EPI-Lo will also not respond to switchbacks. The observed reversals of radial energetic particle flux are separate phenomena, likely associated with source locations or other propagation effects occurring at greater radial distances.
KMT-2018-BLG-1025Lb: microlensing super-Earth planet orbiting a low-mass star
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Lee Chung-Uk , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Doeon , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Kim Chun-Hwey , Kim Woong-Tae , Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin 
Published: February 2021

Aims. We aim to find missing microlensing planets hidden in the unanalyzed lensing events of previous survey data.
Methods. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic inspection of high-magnification microlensing events, with peak magnifications of Apeak ≳ 30, in the data collected from high-cadence surveys in and before the 2018 season. From this investigation, we identified an anomaly in the lensing light curve of the event KMT-2018-BLG-1025. The analysis of the light curve indicates that the anomaly is caused by a very low mass-ratio companion to the lens.
Results. We identify three degenerate solutions, in which the ambiguity between a pair of solutions (solutions B) is caused by the previously known close–wide degeneracy, and the degeneracy between these and the other solution (solution A) is a new type that has not been reported before. The estimated mass ratio between the planet and host is q ~ 0.8 × 10−4 for solution A and q ~ 1.6 × 10−4 for solutions B. From the Bayesian analysis conducted with measured observables, we estimate that the masses of the planet and host and the distance to the lens are (Mp, Mh, DL) ~ (6.1 M⊕, 0.22 M⊙, 6.7 kpc) for solution A and ~(4.4 M⊕, 0.08 M⊙, 7.5 kpc) for solutions B. The planet mass is in the category of a super-Earth regardless of the solutions, making the planet the eleventh super-Earth planet, with masses lying between those of Earth and the Solar System’s ice giants, which were discovered by microlensing.
KMT-2019-BLG-0797: Binary-lensing event occurring on a binary stellar system
Authors: Han Cheongho , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Kim Doeon , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. 
Published: February 2021

Aims. We analyze the microlensing event KMT-2019-BLG-0797. The light curve of the event exhibits two anomalous features from a single-lens single-source model, and we aim to reveal the nature of the anomaly.
Methods. It is found that a model with two lenses plus a single source (2L1S model) can explain one feature of the anomaly, but the other feature cannot be explained. We test various models and find that both anomalous features can be explained by introducing an extra source to a 2L1S model (2L2S model), making the event the third confirmed case of a 2L2S event, following MOA-2010-BLG-117 and OGLE-2016-BLG-1003. It is estimated that the extra source comprises ∼4% of the I-band flux from the primary source.
Results. Interpreting the event is subject to a close–wide degeneracy. According to the close solution, the lens is a binary consisting of two brown dwarfs with masses (M1, M2) ∼ (0.034, 0.021) M⊙, and it is located at a distance of DL ∼ 8.2 kpc. According to the wide solution, on the other hand, the lens is composed of an object at the star–brown dwarf boundary and an M dwarf with masses (M1, M2) ∼ (0.06, 0.33) M⊙ located at DL ∼ 7.7 kpc. The source is composed of a late G dwarf to early K dwarf primary and an early-to-mid M dwarf companion.
Dernières nouvelles du chromosome X
Authors: Moscatelli Madeleine , Rougeulle Claire 
Published: February 2021

L’inactivation d’un des deux chromosomes X des femelles mammifères est un processus vital et emblématique des régulations épigénétiques. Elle est déclenchée par l’accumulation d’un ARN non codant, XIST, qui isole le chromosome concerné de la machinerie transcriptionnelle ; l’état inactif persiste ensuite de manière stable au cours des divisions cellulaires successives. Cependant, des découvertes récentes conduisent à revisiter certains principes généraux de l’inactivation du chromosome X initialement établis. Ainsi le chercheur, tout comme le poète, est-il invité à « vingt fois sur le métier remettre son ouvrage ».
Einfluss der mediterranen Ernährung auf das Brustkrebsrisiko: Welche Rolle spielt das Mikrobiom?
Authors: Seethaler Benjamin , Beutel Michelle , Basrai Maryam , Kiechle Marion , Bischoff Stephan C. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Studien haben gezeigt, dass die mediterrane Ernährung vor ernährungsmitbedingten Erkrankungen wie Übergewicht, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und verschiedenen Krebsentitäten, einschließlich Brustkrebs, schützen kann. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind jedoch weitgehend unklar. Bislang wurde vor allem die Rolle antiinflammatorischer Fettsäuren diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit soll am Beispiel des genetisch determinierten sowie des sporadischen Brustkrebses der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Rolle das Darmmikrobiom spielen könnte, dessen Zusammensetzung und Funktion durch die mediterrane Ernährung verändert wird.