bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Benign from Malignant Renal Tumors Using T2‐ and Diffusion‐Weighted Images: A Comparison of Deep Learning and Radiomics Models Versus Assessment from Radiologists
Authors: Xu Qing , Zhu QingQiang , Liu Hao , Chang LuFan , Duan ShaoFeng , Dou WeiQiang , Li SaiYang , Ye Jing 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDifferentiating benign from malignant renal tumors is important for selection of the most effective treatment.PurposeTo develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based deep learning (DL) models for differentiation of benign and malignant renal tumors and to compare their discrimination performance with the performance of radiomics models and assessment by radiologists.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 217 patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort (N = 173) or a testing cohort (N = 44).Field Strength/SequenceDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and fast spin‐echo sequence T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) at 3.0T.AssessmentA radiologist manually labeled the region of interest (ROI) on each image. Three DL models using ResNet‐18 architecture and three radiomics models using random forest were developed using T2WI alone, DWI alone, and a combination of the two image sets to discriminate between benign and malignant renal tumors. The diagnostic performance of two radiologists was assessed based on professional experience. We also compared the performance of each model and the radiologists.Statistical TestsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of each model and the radiologists. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsThe AUC of the DL models based on T2WI, DWI, and the combination was 0.906, 0.846, and 0.925 in the testing cohorts, respectively. The AUC of the combination DL model was significantly better than that of the models based on individual sequences (0.925 > 0.906, 0.925 > 0.846). The AUC of the radiomics models based on T2WI, DWI, and the combination was 0.824, 0.742, and 0.826 in the testing cohorts, respectively. The AUC of two radiologists was 0.724 and 0.667 in the testing cohorts.ConclusionThus, the MRI‐based DL model is useful for differentiating benign from malignant renal tumors in clinic, and the DL model based on T2WI + DWI had the best performance.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Operando sum‐frequency generation spectroscopy of high‐efficiency OLEDs for probing the charge carrier behavior
Authors: Miyamae Takayuki , Sato Tomoya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOperando analysis of organic devices is crucial for understanding the device operation mechanism and intrinsic degradation mechanism. Buried organic layers in OLEDs during operation have been investigated using electric‐field‐induced doubly resonant sum‐frequency generation (EFI‐DR‐SFG) and time‐resolved EFI‐DR‐SFG experiments. The time‐resolved EFI‐SFG technique allows us to observe the carrier transportation directly and non‐destructively. DC electric field leads to a significant increase in the SFG intensity produced by the charged carriers. Electric‐field‐induced SFG results clearly show that charge accumulation occurs at the interface between the light emitting layer and the electron‐blocking layer in the blue OLED and that this charge accumulation strongly contributes for the light emission. Particularly in the TTA process, high charge accumulation is effective in generating triplet excitons and improving the luminescence efficiency, but at the same time, it reduces the lifetime of the device.
Depression in the Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic Setting
Authors: MacDonald Bridget V. , Wong Stephanie J. , Maxwell Benjamin , Carter Chelsea , Sanderson Kendall , Carvalho Daniela 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisFor most pediatric specialty clinics, mental health is not the primary presenting complaint, yet can portend unrecognized morbidity. We describe rates and risk factors of depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents seen at a pediatric specialty clinic and examine changes during COVID‐19.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsOutpatient pediatric otolaryngology clinic encounters of patients aged 12–19 years at a tertiary academic medical center were identified from October 2018 to July 2020. Demographic characteristics, ICD‐10 primary diagnosis, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐2 score, and PHQ‐9 score (if administered) were obtained. Multivariable regression examined risk factors for PHQ‐9 administration, PHQ‐9 scores ≥10, and suicidal ideation. Patient characteristics and PHQ scores were compared before and after March 23, 2020 (California COVID‐19 Stay‐at‐Home order).ResultsThree thousand six hundred nine encounters with PHQ‐2 data were identified. Of these, 223 (6.2%) scored ≥3 and underwent PHQ‐9 assessment, of which 121 (3.4% of 3,609) scored ≥10 on the PHQ‐9 and 53 (1.5%) endorsed suicidal ideation. Factors associated with PHQ‐9 administration were female gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.58, P = .001), obesity (OR 1.48, P = .043), and neck mass/neoplasm/cancer diagnosis (OR 1.99, P = .013). Female gender was also associated with suicidality (OR 2.47, P = .008). Comparison of pre‐COVID‐19 versus during COVID‐19 showed no differences in depression or suicidality. However, subgroup analysis revealed some significant findings.ConclusionsWe demonstrate substantial prevalence of positive depression screening and suicidal ideation among adolescent pediatric otolaryngology clinic encounters. Depression rates were similar to pre‐COVID‐19 and during COVID‐19, yet barriers to screening during this time were substantial. Pediatric specialty providers must remain vigilant for mental health issues in their patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1104–1111, 2022
Declaration of conflict of interest in medical researchers: A cross‐sectional study from China
Authors: Yang Lili , Xu Siyun , Shao Jufang , Wang Panzhi , Wang Xianjun , Qi Qi , Yang Rongwang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConflict of interest (COI) declaration policies are not commonplace in China and the level of awareness and reporting among Chinese researchers have not been fully investigated. This study sought to discover the presence of COI policies in high‐impact Chinese journals, the compliance of authors with these policies and the awareness of authors with the principles of COI and to compare these findings against comparable international journals. The study included review of publications and policies and a survey of Chinese researchers. It compared 14 Chinese journals and 16 international journals during 2018. Most Chinese journals have a COI policy, but only 0.6% of articles published in 2018 included a statement of potential COI. All international journals required COI statements in all articles, and 15.6% of Chinese articles declared a potential COI (of which most were financial COIs). However, this was lower than COI declarations from non‐Chinese authors (47.8%). When surveyed, 24% of researchers had potential COI in a submitted article, but only 4.2% declared a COI: most of the under‐declaration was due to lack of knowledge about COI, followed by concern that a COI would lead to rejection of their articles. The research shows that there is a knowledge and policy gap in China that needs to be rectified and that international journals can be used as a reference point for good practice.
The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences: Optimal cut‐off scores for detecting individuals with a psychotic disorder
Authors: Jaya Edo S. , van Amelsvoort Therese , Bartels‐Velthuis Agna A. , Bruggeman Richard , Cahn Wiepke , de Haan Lieuwe , Kahn Rene S. , van Os Jim , Schirmbeck Frederike , Simons Claudia J. P. , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe need for a brief screening tool for psychosis is widely recognized. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) is a popular self‐report measure of psychosis, but a cut‐off score that can detect those most likely to fulfill diagnostic criteria for psychotic disorder is not established.MethodsA case–control sample from the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis Project study (N = 1375, healthy individuals, n = 507, and individuals with a psychotic disorder, n = 868), was used to examine cut‐off scores of the CAPE with receiver operating curve analyses. We examined 27 possible cut‐off scores computed from a combination of scores from the frequency and distress scales of the various factors of the CAPE.ResultsThe weighted severity positive symptom dimension was most optimal in detecting individuals with a psychotic disorder (>1.75 cut‐off; area under the curve = 0.88; sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 88%), which correctly identified 80% of the sample as cases or controls with a diagnostic odds ratio of 22.69.ConclusionsThe CAPE can be used as a first screening tool to detect individuals who are likely to fulfill criteria for a psychotic disorder. The >1.75 cut‐off of the weighted severity positive symptom dimension provides a better prediction than all alternatives tested so far.
Severe hyperglycemia following transition from octreotide to lanreotide in a patient with enterocutaneous fistula receiving parenteral nutrition
Authors: Rosen Abbie N. , Balazh Julia R. , Franck Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSomatostatin analogues, suchas octreotide and lanreotide, are commonly used in the management of enterocutaneous fistula. We report a case of severe and prolonged hyperglycemia that occurred in a patient after receiving a one‐time dose of lanreotide, who had previously been stable on octreotide and did not have a history of diabetes mellitus. Management of the patient's hyperglycemia while receiving parenteral nutrition is described.
A key performance indicator‐relevant approach based on kernel entropy component regression model for industrial system
Authors: Sun Chengyuan , Kang Haobo , Ma Hongjun , Bai Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKey performance indicator (KPI)‐relevant fault detection method has been raised for decades to hugely increase the economic interest of modern industries. However, the typical data‐driven approaches like the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and the kernel entropy analysis (KECA) are inefficient to consider the influence taken by the fault factor on the KPI. Thus, in this work, an algorithm called the kernel entropy regression (KECR) is proposed to enhance the interpretability between the fault and the KPI. The proposed algorithm captures the information relevant to the KPI state in the subspace and rewords the decomposition of the KECA method. The angular structure of the KECR method achieves an accurate partition for process variables to hugely decrease false detection results. In the end, an industrial case is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the KECR method.
The effects of temperature on compressive responses and failure behaviors of composite Y‐frame cores sandwich structure
Authors: Jiang Weimin , Yu Xiaofei , Zhou Junmeng , Liu Jiayi , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe temperature has an important effect on mechanical behaviors of composite Y‐frame cores sandwich structure. Therefore, the in‐plane compressive behaviors of this structure should be thoroughly studied before it is used in engineering structures. The in‐plane compressive tests for Y‐frame cores sandwich structure were carried out within the temperature ranged from −70°C to 200°C. The load–deformation curves, deformation modes, and failure load of sandwich structure at various temperatures were compared and discussed. The results revealed that the deformation modes, load–deformation curves, and failure load were closely associated with the testing temperature. The cryogenic temperature caused the increasing of the failure load of Y‐frame cores sandwich structure. However, the high temperature caused the degradation of the failure load of Y‐frame cores sandwich structure. The in‐plane compressive failure load increased from 11.78 to 14.82 kN as the testing temperature fell from 20°C to −70°C while the in‐plane compressive failure load decreased from 11.78 to 2.06 kN as the testing temperature increased from 20°C to 200°C. The theoretical expression was also given to forecast the compressive failure load, and the theoretical results would be compared with the experimental results.
The utilization of the search engine, Bolt, to decrease search time and increase peptide identifications in hydroxyl radical protein footprinting‐based workflows
Authors: Chea Emily E. , Prakash Amol , Jones Lisa M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF) utilizes hydroxyl radicals to covalently modify solvent exposed regions of proteins. When coupled with mass spectrometry, HRPF can provide insightful information on protein structural changes including inside cells. However, the complex mixture of proteins and modifications makes identification a complicated task. To search all of the HRPF‐induced modification combinations across the full proteome, requires substantial computational power and still can take days to search. To drastically decrease processing time and improve identifications, a novel cloud‐based search engine, Bolt, was used to search for HRPF modifications in comparison to a commonly used search engine, Sequest. A 35% increase in the identification of modified peptides was observed in Bolt compared to Sequest with a decrease in computation time.
The effect of first‐time 4‐wheeled walker use on the gait of younger and older adults
Authors: Omana Humberto A. , Madou Edward , Divine Alison , Wittich Walter , Hill Keith D. , Johnson Andrew M. , Holmes Jeffrey D. , Hunter Susan W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe 4‐wheeled walker is intended to enhance balance and gait for older adults. Yet, some research suggests that walking aids increase falls risk. An understanding of the influence of age with walker use on gait performance is required.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of initial 4‐wheeled walker use on spatiotemporal gait parameters between younger and older adults.DesignCross‐sectional, repeated‐measures.SettingCommunity‐dwelling.ParticipantsTwenty‐five younger (age: 26.5 ± 4.1 years) and 24 older (age: 68.5 ± 10.5 years) adults participated. Younger adults were aged 18 to 35 years, whereas older adults were 50 years or older. Included were people not requiring the use of a walking aid, and those able to converse in English.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome Measure(s)Gait velocity and stride time variability were recorded using accelerometers. Gait was examined under three conditions: unassisted walking; walking with a 4‐wheeled walker; and walking with a 4‐wheeled walker while completing a secondary task. Conditions were performed across two walking paths: straight and figure‐of‐8 Walk Test. Separate mixed‐methods analyses of variance (ANOVAs; within‐subject: condition/path; between‐subject: group) were used for statistical analyses.ResultsVelocity was lower when walking using a walker while completing a cognitive task (p < .001), in the figure‐of‐8 Walk Test (p < .001), and in older adults (p = .001). Stride time variability increased with walking path and condition difficulty (p < .001) for the straight path versus the figure‐of‐8 Walk Test.ConclusionsUsing a 4‐wheeled walker resulted in a slower and more inconsistent gait pattern across both age groups. Walking more complex configurations resulted in the prioritization of gait over the cognitive task while performing the dual‐task conditions. No evidence of an age‐related difference in the effect of initial walker use on gait was observed. Nonetheless, walkers are cognitively demanding and their introduction should warrant a clinical follow‐up.
Photoresponsive polymers with dangling triptycene units as efficient receptor for fullerene‐C60
Authors: Ansari Mosim , Mallik Samapika , Jana Achintya , Nayak Alpana , Das Neeladri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report herein a new triptycene derivative (1) with an azo functional group. This molecule has been used as a monomer to yield two linear polymers (TAFPs) that have several triptycene units dangling from the linear polymer chain. TAFPs are soluble in organic solvents and are thermally stable. TAFPs can be cast into thin films. Further, these polymers are fluorescent with emission intensity increasing upon irradiation with ultraviolet light due to photoisomerization of the azo groups present in them. The fluorescence of TAFPs are quenched in the presence of C60, which supports their strong affinity for each other. Since both TAFP1 and TAFP2 form stable thin films of uniform thickness over large area coupled with their interaction with C60, these polymers may find potential applications in the development of optoelectronic devices or as molecular sensors in supramolecular chemistry.
Treatment of refractory mycetoma by radiotherapy: a case study and review
Authors: Gupta Anil , Sharma Daya Nand , Gupta Somesh , Sharma Seema , Dev Tanvi , Singh Suvesh , Mücke Ralph , Micke Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMycetoma is a localized chronic subcutaneous infection caused by fungi. It is clinically characterized by a triad of tumefaction, sinuses, and discharge containing typical grains. Eumycetoma, a subtype, is characterized by a low cure rate. Long‐term medication and surgical excision are required to treat the infection. Radiotherapy, a less used modality of treatment, may provide a good salvage option for refractory eumycetoma. Herein, we present a case and a review of the literature of refractory eumycetoma of the foot where radiotherapy was used as a salvage treatment. In the present case, a dose of 17.5 Gy in five fractions was delivered, and the response was assessed as per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1, discharging grains status, and Dermatology Life Quality Index. The literature on the use of radiotherapy for mycetoma was found to be scanty. In the present case with radiotherapy, there was a partial radiological response, resolution of discharging grains, and improvement in the Dermatology Life Quality Index score. However, the benefit was short‐lived, but re‐irradiation and low‐dose radiotherapy resulted in sustained benefits until 15 months of follow up. The antiproliferative and anti‐inflammatory actions of radiotherapy can be exploited in the treatment of rare, medically difficult to treat mycetoma. This case report may serve as a basis for further evaluation.
Prescribed performance synchronization for time‐delayed complex dynamical networks under event‐triggered pinning control
Authors: Dong Bolei , Shi Yujing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, a new event‐based pinning synchronization control strategy for complex dynamical networks with internal delay and transmission delay is investigated. By introducing prescribed performance control schemes, the transient and steady performance of synchronization errors are guaranteed simultaneously. The main results in the article show that, not only exponential synchronization is achieved, but also the transient bounded of synchronization errors is guaranteed based on Lyapunov approach. Furthermore, an efficient event‐based mechanism is derived to avoid the infinitely fast switching of the pinning node set. We also develop a new selection‐algorithm to find certain suitable nodes to be controlled and these selected nodes will be updated online at each triggering instant. At last, the simulation examples are made to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the obtained results.
Sparse point cloud registration and aggregation with mesh‐based generalized iterative closest point
Authors: Young Matthew , Pretty Chris , McCulloch Josh , Green Richard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccurate registration is critical for robotic mapping and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Sparse or non‐uniform point clouds can be very challenging to register, even in ideal environments. Previous research by Holz et al. has developed a mesh‐based extension to the popular generalized iterative closest point (GICP) algorithm, which can accurately register sparse clouds where unmodified GICP would fail. This paper builds on that work by expanding the comparison between the two algorithms across multiple data sets at a greater range of distances. The results confirm that Mesh‐GICP is more accurate, more precise, and faster. They also show that it can successfully register scans 4–17 times further apart than GICP. In two different experiments this paper uses Mesh‐GICP to compare three different registration methods—pairwise, metascan, keyscan—in two different situations, one in a visual odometry (VO) style, and another in a mapping style. The results of these experiments show that the keyscan method is the most accurate of the three so long as there is sufficient overlap between the target and source clouds. Where there is unsufficient overlap, pairwise matching is more accurate.
An improved method for measuring wetting front advancing velocity
Authors: Liu Qiang , Xi Ping , Liu Guojun , Miao Jiali , Liu Fengzhu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity function is one of the keys to solving unsaturated seepage issues. The wetting front advancing method (WFAM) is a proposed method for quickly measuring the coefficient of permeability of the unsaturated soils, but it has some demerits and limitations. In this study, a series of capillary rise tests were conducted and the coefficient of permeability of six kinds of unsaturated soils were obtained by using the WFAM. Based on the analyzing of characteristic changes in volumetric water content via soil moisture sensors in the capillary rise test, improvements were made to the method of determining the wetting front advancing velocity. The RMSE evaluation index was used to analyze the deviation of the data obtained by the improved method from the original visual method. The RMSE of the wetting front advancing velocity ranged from 0.0007 to 0.0074 cm s–1, and the RMSE of the coefficient of permeability ranged from 0 to 5.2 × 10–6 m s–1. The results indicated the applicability of the improved method.
Enhancing shear capacity of thin slabs with CFRP shear reinforcement: Experimental study
Authors: Bielak Jan , Hegger Josef 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmploying non‐metallic reinforcement made of fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRPs) as textile grids is one promising extension of the utilization range of FRP in concrete construction, and thin planar elements reinforced in this manner have high application potential in bridge or parking garage decks, in façades, or in webs and flanges of hollow core cross‐sections. Existing models for predicting the shear resistance of such elements were derived for solid cross‐sectional dimensions similar to conventional steel‐reinforced structures, and their application to thin slabs is debatable. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental program on the one‐way shear capacity of slabs without and with carbon FPR textile shear reinforcement. A variation of member height, shear slenderness, and shear reinforcement ratio allowed for analysis of the most relevant influencing factors on shear resistance. Both planar and preformed C‐shaped grids enhance the shear capacity and are suitable as shear reinforcement in thin slabs. The experimental results are the foundation for the extension of shear models to thin slabs with FRP reinforcement and for derivation of new unifying shear models that are applicable to a wider range of reinforcement materials and member dimensions.