bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and characterization of a SpaCBA pilus-secreting food-grade derivative of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG
Authors: Tytgat Hanne L. P. , Rasinkangas Pia , Ritari Jarmo , Reunanen Justus , Aalvink Steven , Lin Chia-wei , Palva Airi , Douillard François P. , de Vos Willem M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany studies have established the functional properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, previously known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, marketed worldwide as a probiotic. The extraordinary capacity of L. rhamnosus GG to bind to human mucus and influence the immune system especially stand out. Earlier, we have shown the key role of its SpaCBA sortase-dependent pili encoded by the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster herein. These heterotrimeric pili consist of a shaft pilin SpaA, a basal pilin SpaB, and tip pilin SpaC that contains a mucus-binding domain. Here, we set out to characterize a food-grade non-GMO mutant of L. rhamnosus GG, strain PA11, which secretes its pilins, rather than coupling them to the cell surface, due to a defect in the housekeeping sortase A. The sortase-negative strain PA11 was extensively characterized using functional genomics and biochemical approaches and found to secrete the SpaCBA pili into the supernatant. Given the functional importance and uniqueness of the mucus-binding pili of L. rhamnosus GG, strain PA11 offers novel opportunities towards the characterization and further therapeutic application of SpaCBA pili and their low-cost, large-scale production.
Key points
•Creation of pilus-secreting mutant (PA11) of the key probiotic LGG.
•Strain PA11 is defective in a functional housekeeping sortase SrtA.
•Strain PA11 opens novel biotherapeutic application avenues.
Graphical abstract
CD73 expression defines immune, molecular, and clinicopathological subgroups of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rocha Pedro , Salazar Ruth , Zhang Jiexin , Ledesma Debora , Solorzano Jose L. , Mino Barbara , Villalobos Pamela , Dejima Hitoshi , Douse Dzifa Y. , Diao Lixia , Mitchell Kyle Gregory , Le Xiuning , Zhang Jianjun , Weissferdt Annikka , Parra-Cuentas Edwin , Cascone Tina , Rice David C. , Sepesi Boris , Kalhor Neda , Moran Cesar , Vaporciyan Ara , Heymach John , Gibbons Don L. , Lee J. Jack , Kadara Humam , Wistuba Ignacio , Behrens Carmen , Solis Luisa Maren 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
CD73 is a membrane-bound enzyme crucial in adenosine generation. The adenosinergic pathway plays a critical role in immunosuppression and in anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Here, we interrogated CD73 expression in a richly annotated cohort of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its association with clinicopathological, immune, and molecular features to better understand the role of this immune marker in LUAD pathobiology.

Materials and methods
Protein expression of CD73 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 106 archived LUADs from patients that underwent surgical treatment without neoadjuvant therapy. Total CD73 (T +) was calculated as the average of luminal (L +) and basolateral (BL +) percentage membrane expression scores for each LUAD and was used to classify tumors into three groups based on the extent of T CD73 expression (high, low, and negative).

Results
CD73 expression was significantly and progressively increased across normal-appearing lung tissue, adenomatous atypical hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and LUAD. In LUAD, BL CD73 expression was associated with an increase in PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and increase of tumor-associated immune cells. Stratification of LUADs based on T CD73 extent also revealed that tumors with high expression of this enzyme overall exhibited significantly elevated immune infiltration and PD-L1 protein expression. Immune profiling demonstrated that T-cell inflammation and adenosine signatures were significantly higher in CD73-expressing lung adenocarcinomas relative to those lacking CD73.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that higher CD73 expression is associated with an overall augmented host immune response, suggesting potential implications in the immune pathobiology of early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Our findings warrant further studies to explore the role of CD73 in immunotherapeutic response of LUAD.
Biologic Mesh in Surgery: A Comprehensive Review and Meta‐Analysis of Selected Outcomes in 51 Studies and 6079 Patients
Authors: Samson David J. , Gachabayov Mahir , Latifi Rifat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn recent decades, biologic mesh (BM) has become an important adjunct to surgical practice. Recent evidence‐based clinical applications of BM include but are not limited to: reconstruction of abdominal wall defects; breast reconstruction; face, head and neck surgery; periodontal surgery; other hernia repairs (diaphragmatic, hiatal/paraesophageal, inguinal and perineal); hand surgery; and shoulder arthroplasty. Prior systematic reviews of BM in complex abdominal wall hernia repair had several shortcomings that our comprehensive review seeks to address, including exclusion of laparoscopic repair, assessment of risk of bias, use of an acceptable meta‐analytic method and review of risk factors identified in multivariable regression analyses.Materials and methodsWe sought articles of BM for open ventral hernia repair reporting on early complications, late complications or recurrences and included minimum of 50. We used the quality in prognostic studies risk of bias assessment tool. Random effects meta‐analysis was applied.ResultsThis comprehensive review selected 62 articles from 51 studies that included 6,079 patients. Meta‐analytic pooling found that early complications are present in about 50%, surgical site occurrences (SSOs) in 37%, surgical site infections (SSIs) in 18%, reoperation in 7%, readmission in 20% and mortality in 3%. Meta‐analytic estimates of late outcomes included overall complications (42%), SSOs (40%) and SSIs (22%). Specific SSOs included seroma (14%), hematoma (4%), abscess (10%), necrosis (5%), dehiscence (8%) and fistula formation (5%). Reoperation occurred in about 17%, mesh explantation in 9% and recurrence in 36%.ConclusionEstimates of nearly all outcomes from individual studies were highly heterogeneous and sensitivity analyses and meta‐regressions generally failed to explain this heterogeneity. Recurrence is the only outcome for which there are consistent findings for risk factors. Bridge placement of BM is associated with higher risk of recurrence. Prior hernia repair, history of reintervention and history of mesh removal were also risk factors for increased recurrence.
A new particle for measuring mass transfer in turbulence
Authors: Oehmke Theresa B. , Variano Evan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a method for creating a new type of model particle that allows us to measure the mass transfer rate from the particle surface to the surrounding water. We use hollow glass spheres and sugar to create neutrally buoyant particles in a variety of molded shapes. These particles are an alternative to traditional gypsum objects for measuring mass transfer, with the important characteristic of being neutrally buoyant. This is an inexpensive method that allows for custom particle shapes to be manufactured with different densities. We test the utility of these particles by measuring their dissolution rates in homogeneous, isotropic turbulence in our laboratory turbulence tank. Our measurements fit our proposed model, and give a faster dissolution rate for rod-shaped particles than for disc-shaped ones.Graphic abstract
Sustained dasatinib treatment prevents early fibrotic changes following ocular trauma
Authors: Ueda Shunichiro , Nunn Betty M. , Chauhan Rajat , McDonald Kevin , Kaplan Henry J. , O’Toole Martin G. , Tamiya Shigeo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Posterior ocular trauma and the subsequent fibrotic retinal complication termed proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) are leading causes of blindness in children and young adults. A previous study suggested that changes occurring within the first month post-trauma can lead to development of PVR later. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor clinically used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia, on fibrotic changes occurring within the first month following ocular trauma.

Methods
A previously established swine ocular trauma model that mimics both contusion and penetrating injuries was used. Dasatinib was administered on days 4 and 18 post-trauma via intravitreal injection of either bolus solution or suspension of a sustained release system incorporated in biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. Animals were followed up to day 32, and the development of traction full-thickness fold in the posterior retina was assessed.

Results
A full-thickness retinal fold extending from the wound site developed in 3 out of 4 control eyes injected with PLGA nanoparticles alone at 1 month. Administration of dasatinib solution had little preventative effect with 6 out of 7 eyes developing a fold. In contrast, dasatinib-incorporated PLGA nanoparticle injection significantly reduced the incidence of fold to 1 out of 10 eyes.

Conclusions
Injection of dasatinib-incorporated PLGA significantly reduced early fibrotic retinal changes which eventually lead to PVR following posterior ocular trauma. Thus, our sustained dasatinib release system can potentially be used to both prevent and/or broaden the surgical treatment window for PVR.
Insights into the combination of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and motor imagery in a training-based approach
Authors: Bouguetoch Amandine , Martin Alain , Grosprêtre Sidney 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Training stimuli that partially activate the neuromuscular system, such as motor imagery (MI) or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), have been previously shown as efficient tools to induce strength gains. Here the efficacy of MI, NMES or NMES + MI trainings has been compared.

Methods
Thirty-seven participants were enrolled in a training program of ten sessions in 2 weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles, distributed in four groups: MI, NMES, NMES + MI and control. Each group underwent forty contractions in each session, NMES + MI group doing 20 contractions of each modality. Before and after, the neuromuscular function was tested through the recording of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), but also electrophysiological and mechanical responses associated with electrical nerve stimulation. Muscle architecture was assessed by ultrasonography.

Results
MVC increased by 11.3 ± 3.5% in NMES group, by 13.8 ± 5.6% in MI, while unchanged for NMES + MI and control. During MVC, a significant increase in V-wave without associated changes in superimposed H-reflex has been observed for NMES and MI, suggesting that neural adaptations occurred at supraspinal level. Rest spinal excitability was increased in the MI group while decreased in the NMES group. No change in muscle architecture (pennation angle, fascicle length) has been found in any group but muscular peak twitch and soleus maximal M-wave increased in the NMES group only.

Conclusion
Finally, MI and NMES seem to be efficient stimuli to improve strength, although both exhibited different and specific neural plasticity. On its side, NMES + MI combination did not provide the expected gains, suggesting that their effects are not simply cumulative, or even are competitive.
Characterization and localization of antigens for serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis
Authors: Curtis Kurt C. , Fischer Kerstin , Choi Young-Jun , Mitreva Makedonka , Weil Gary J. , Fischer Peter U. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParagonimiasis is a foodborne trematode infection that affects 23 million people, mainly in Asia. Lung fluke infections lead frequently to chronic cough with fever and hemoptysis, and are often confused with lung cancer or tuberculosis. Paragonimiasis can be efficiently treated with praziquantel, but diagnosis is often delayed, and patients are frequently treated for other conditions. To improve diagnosis, we selected five Paragonimus kellicotti proteins based on transcriptional abundance, recognition by patient sera, and conservation among trematodes and expressed them as His-fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. Sequences for these proteins have 76–99% identity with amino acid sequences for orthologs in the genomes of Paragonimus westermani, Paragonimus heterotremus, and Paragonimus miyazakii. Immunohistology studies showed that antibodies raised to four recombinant proteins bound to the tegument of adult P. kellicotti worms, at the parasite host interface. Only a known egg antigen was absent from the tegument but present in developing and mature eggs. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of these antigens by Western blot with sera from patients with paragonimiasis (from MO and the Philippines), fascioliasis, and schistosomiasis, and with sera from healthy North American controls. Two recombinant proteins (a cysteine protease and a myoglobin) showed the highest sensitivity and specificity as diagnostic antigens, and they detected antibodies in sera from paragonimiasis patients with early or mature infections. In contrast, antibodies to egg yolk ferritin appeared to be specific marker for patients with adult fluke infections that produce eggs. Our study has identified and localized antigens that are promising for serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis.
Spiritualität und Behandlung. Die Perspektive von Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen
Authors: Rettke Horst , Naef Rahel , Rufer Michael , Peng-Keller Simon 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Chronischer Schmerz betrifft alle menschlichen Lebensdimensionen und wirft auch spirituelle Fragen auf, die im Rahmen eines multimodalen Behandlungsmodells berücksichtigt werden sollten.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wir untersuchten die Perspektive von Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen zu spirituellen Themen und deren möglicher Integration in den Behandlungsprozess.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden fünf Fokusgruppen- und zwei Kleingruppeninterviews an fünf Studienzentren durchgeführt. Daran nahmen 42 Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen teil, die aktuell in ambulanter oder stationärer Schmerzbehandlung waren. Die Interviews wurden transkribiert und einer thematischen Analyse unterzogen.

Ergebnisse
Drei Themen traten hervor: 1. Chronischer Schmerz durchdringt die gesamte menschliche Existenz. 2. Spirituelle Ressourcen stellen eine Möglichkeit im Umgang mit chronischen Schmerzen dar. 3. Patienten ist es ein Anliegen, mit Fachpersonen in einen Dialog treten zu können, der auch für spirituelle Themen offen ist. Diese haben aus Sicht der Teilnehmenden große Relevanz. Sie verknüpften sie vielfach, aber nicht ausschließlich mit religiösen Überzeugungen. Häufig wurde geschildert, in der Schmerzerfahrung nicht ernst genommen zu werden.

Diskussion
Strategien für einen effektiven Umgang mit chronischem Schmerz zu finden, stellt einen Wendepunkt im Leben dar. In diesem Prozess unterstützt ein offener Dialog mit Fachpersonen, der auch spirituellen Themen Rechnung trägt.
Influence of short-fiber composite base on fracture behavior of direct and indirect restorations
Authors: Garoushi S. , Sungur S. , Boz Y. , Ozkan P. , Vallittu P. K. , Uctasli S. , Lassila L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim was to examine the influence of short-fiber composite (SFC) core on the fracture-behavior of different types of indirect posterior restorations. In addition, the effect of thickness ratio of SFC-core to the thickness of the veneering conventional composite (PFC) on fracture-behavior of bi-structured composite restorations was evaluated.

Materials and methods
MOD cavities with removed palatal cusps were prepared on 90 intact molars. Five groups of direct overlay restorations (n = 10/group) were fabricated having a SFC-core (everX Flow) with various thicknesses (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 mm) and layer of surface PFC (G-aenial Anterior), remaining the thickness of the bi-structure restoration to be 5 mm. Four groups of CAD/CAM-made restorations (Cerasmart 270 and e-max CAD) were fabricated either with 2-mm layer of SFC-core or without fiber reinforcement. Intact teeth (n = 10) were used as control group. Restorations were statically loaded until fracture. Fracture patterns were evaluated visually. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (p = 0.05).

Results
With indirect overlay restorations, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the load-bearing capacities between restorations reinforced by 2-mm SFC-core (bi-structured) and those fabricated from plain restorative materials. ANOVA displayed that direct overlay restorations made from 4-mm layer thickness of SFC-core had significantly higher load-bearing capacities (3050 ± 574 N) (p < 0.05) among all the groups tested.

Conclusions
Restorations (direct/indirect) combining SFC-core and a surface layer of conventional material demonstrated encouraging achievement in reference to fracture behavior.

Clinical relevance
The use of flowable short-fiber composite as reinforcing base with large direct and indirect restorations may result in more repairable failure.
Das überarbeitete Konzept der Persönlichkeitsstörungen nach ICD-11: Neuerungen und mögliche Konsequenzen für die forensisch-psychiatrische Tätigkeit
Authors: Hauser Nicole C. , Herpertz Sabine C. , Habermeyer Elmar 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Einführung der ICD-11 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11. Auflage) wird die Diagnostik von Persönlichkeitsstörungen grundlegend verändert. Die Notwendigkeit einer Abkehr von der traditionellen typologischen Auffassung und Beschreibung von Persönlichkeitsstörungen wurde aufgrund folgender Problemstellungen gesehen: Das kategoriale Konzept einer Persönlichkeitsstörung nach ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10. Auflage) begünstige die Stigmatisierung Betroffener, was dazu beitrage, dass die Diagnose in der klinischen Praxis zu selten vergeben werde. Wenn sie gestellt werde, komme es zu einer (zu) hohen Prävalenz der Persönlichkeitsstörung „nicht näher bezeichnet“ bzw. zu hohen Komorbiditäten zwischen verschiedenen Persönlichkeitsstörungen, was Zweifel an der Reliabilität der Persönlichkeitsstörungen begründe. Außerdem sei das in der ICD-10 geforderte Kriterium der Zeitstabilität unter Berücksichtigung von Verlaufsstudien nicht mehr sinnvoll anwendbar. Der Artikel skizziert die Hintergründe für die Überarbeitung der Konzeption von Persönlichkeitsstörungen, um nachfolgend das aktuelle diagnostische Verfahren nach ICD-11 zu illustrieren. Abschließend werden die Implikationen der neuen diagnostischen Vorgaben für die forensisch-psychiatrische Schuldfähigkeitsbegutachtung diskutiert und anhand von Persönlichkeitsprofilen beispielhaft die Auswirkungen der Neukonzeption für die Therapieplanung bzw. -prognose dargestellt und diskutiert.
Principles of carbon nanotube dielectrophoresis
Authors: Li Wenshan , Hennrich Frank , Flavel Benjamin S. , Dehm Simone , Kappes Manfred , Krupke Ralph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) describes the motion of suspended objects when exposed to an inhomogeneous electric field. It has been successful as a method for parallel and site-selective assembling of nanotubes from a dispersion into a sophisticated device architecture. Researchers have conducted extensive works to understand the DEP of nanotubes in aqueous ionic surfactant solutions. However, only recently, DEP was applied to polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in organic solvents due to the availability of ultra-pure SWCNT content. In this paper, the focus is on the difference between the DEP in aqueous and organic solutions. It starts with an introduction into the DEP of carbon nanotubes (CNT-DEP) to provide a comprehensive, in-depth theoretical background before discussing in detail the experimental procedures and conditions. For academic interests, this work focuses on the CNT-DEP deposition scheme, discusses the importance of the electrical double layer, and employs finite element simulations to optimize CNT-DEP deposition condition with respect to the experimental observation. An important outcome is an understanding of why DEP in organic solvents allows for the deposition and alignment of SWCNTs in low-frequency and even static electric fields, and why the response of semiconducting SWCNTs (s-SWCNTs) is strongly enhanced in non-conducting, weakly polarizable media. Strategies to further improve CNT-DEP for s-SWCNT-relevant applications are given as well. Overall, this work should serve as a practical guideline to select the appropriate setting for effective CNT DEPs.
Successful retrograde transvenous embolization under balloon occlusion for rectal arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Jubashi Amane , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Nagatsuma Goshi , Inoue Suma , Tanaka Yuichiro , Yoshioka Wataru , Hino Naoyuki , Morisaki Tomohito , Ario Keisuke , Fukui Kenichiro , Ishimaru Hideki , Tsunada Seiji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of frequent hematochezia. Colonoscopy exhibited a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the lower rectum. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a rectal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) on the right side wall of the lower rectum. The feeder was the superior rectal artery, with early venous return. Embolization of the draining vein and feeding artery of the AVM with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate under balloon occlusion was planned. Angiography of the superior rectal artery showed the nidus in the rectum with early venous return of contrast material. The portal vein was punctured percutaneously under ultrasound guidance, and a balloon catheter advanced to the distal part of the superior rectal vein. Venography under balloon occlusion showed the outflow vein and nidus. Transvenous and transarterial nidus embolization with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate under balloon occlusion was then performed. Since the embolization, there have been no further episodes of bleeding. There is no established treatment for AVMs. Successful treatment requires targeting and eradication of the nidus. We successfully performed embolization therapy for a rectal AVM via a retrograde transvenous approach. This technique may be suitable for completely eradicating the nidus without the risk of embolism.
Interannual variability of larval fish assemblages associated with water masses in winter in the Taiwan Strait during 2007–2013
Authors: Chen Yu-Kai , Pan Chia-Yi , Wang Yi-Chen , Tseng Hsiu-Ju , Su Bo-Kun , Lee Ming-An 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the interannual variations of ichthyoplankton assemblages in the Taiwan Strait (TS) during the winters of 2007–2013 were determined. The cold China Coastal Current (CCC) and Mixed China Coastal Water (MCCW) intruded into the TS and impinged with the warm Kuroshio Branch Current (KBC) with annual variations. Consequently, the ichthyoplankton community in the TS was mainly structured into two assemblages characterized by differing environmental conditions. The composition of the warm KBC assemblage was relatively stable and was characterized by Diaphus B and Bregmaceros spp. By contrast, the cold MCCW assemblage demonstrated considerable variations over the years, with demersal Gobiidae and Scorpaenidae families considered the most representative. In addition, Benthosema pterotum and Trichiurus spp. were common in both KBC and MCCW assemblages. The distribution of the KBC assemblage demonstrated sharp boundaries in the frontal zones, whereas changes in the assemblage structure between the frontal zones were gradual for the MCCW assemblage, particularly when demersal taxa were dominant. Sea surface temperature and salinity were most strongly associated with variability in the assemblage structure during the study period. Thus, this paper provides a better understanding of long-term larval fish dynamics during winter in the TS.