bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and tobacco consumption: What is the role of economic security?
Authors: Bentley Rebecca , Baker Emma , Martino Erika , Li Yuxi , Mason Kate 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAimsTo better understand the longstanding inequalities concerning alcohol and tobacco use, we aimed to quantify the effect of household economic security on alcohol and tobacco consumption and expenditure.DesignLongitudinal analysis using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey (2001–2018).SettingAustraliaParticipantsA nationally representative cohort of 24 134 adults aged 25–64 years (187 378 observations).MeasurementsTobacco and alcohol use (Yes/No), frequency of use of each per week, household expenditure on each per week, household weekly income (Consumer Price Index [CPI]‐adjusted), employment security (based on conditions of employment) and housing affordability (housing costs relative to household income).FindingsAt baseline, one‐quarter of the sample used tobacco and 87% used alcohol. Annual increases in household income were associated with the increased use of both tobacco and alcohol for people in households in the lowest 40% of the national income distribution (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23 and OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04–1.20, respectively) with no similar income effect observed for higher‐income households. In relation to smoking, the odds of a resident's tobacco use increased when their household was unemployed (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07–1.62). In relation to alcohol, the odds of use decreased when households were insecurely employed or unemployed, or housing costs were unaffordable (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77–0.98, OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.55–0.80 and OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.93, respectively). This was also reflected in the reduced odds of risky drinking (defined in accordance with Australian guidelines) when housing became unaffordable or households became unemployed (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81–0.99; OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69–0.98, respectively).ConclusionsIn Australia, smoking and drinking appear to exhibit different socio‐behavioural characteristics and household unemployment appears to be a strong determinant of smoking.
Hospital volume is associated with postoperative mortality after radical cystectomy for treatment of bladder cancer
Authors: Richters Anke , Ripping Theodora M. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Leliveld Anna M. , van Rhijn Bas W. G. , Oddens Jorg R. , van Moorselaar R. Jeroen A. , Goossens‐Laan Catharina A. , Meijer Richard P. , Boormans Joost L. ,   the BlaZIB Study Group, Witjes J. Alfred , Aben Katja K. H. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo contribute to the debate regarding the minimum volume of radical cystectomies (RCs) that a hospital should perform by evaluating the association between hospital volume (HV) and postoperative mortality.Patients and MethodsPatients who underwent RC for bladder cancer between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2018 were retrospectively identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. To create a calendar‐year independent measure, the HV of RCs was calculated per patient by counting the RCs performed in the same hospital in the 12 months preceding surgery. The relationship of HV with 30‐ and 90‐day mortality was assessed by logistic regression with a non‐linear spline function for HV as a continuous variable, which was adjusted for age, tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) stage, and neoadjuvant treatment.ResultsThe median (interquartile range; range) HV among the 9287 RC‐treated patients was 19 (12–27; 1–75). Of all the included patients, 208 (2.2%) and 518 (5.6%) died within 30 and 90 days after RC, respectively. After adjustment for age, TNM stage and neoadjuvant therapy, postoperative mortality slightly increased between an HV of 0 and an HV of 25 RCs and steadily decreased from an HV of 30 onwards. The lowest risks of postoperative mortality were observed for the highest volumes.ConclusionThis paper, based on high‐quality data from a large nationwide population‐based cohort, suggests that increasing the RC volume criteria beyond 30 RCs annually could further decrease postoperative mortality. Based on these results, the volume criterion of 20 RCs annually, as recently recommended by the European Association of Urology Guideline Panel, might therefore be reconsidered.
Using fisheries observation data to develop a predictive species distribution model for endangered sea turtles
Authors: Degenford Jennie Hannah , Liang Dong , Bailey Helen , Hoover Aimee L. , Zarate Patricia , Azócar Jorge , Devia Daniel , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Mangel Jeffery C. , de Paz Nelly , Davila Javier Quinones , Barturen David Sarmiento , Rguez‐Baron Juan M. , Williard Amanda S. , Fahy Christina , Barbour Nicole , Shillinger George L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Eastern Pacific leatherback turtle population (Dermochelys coriacea) has declined precipitously in recent years. One of the major causes is bycatch from coastal and pelagic fisheries. Fisheries observations are often underutilized, despite strong potential for this data to affect policy. In this study, we created a spatiotemporal species distribution model that synthesizes fisheries observations with remotely sensed environmental data. The model will be developed into a dynamic management tool for the Eastern Pacific leatherback population. We obtained leatherback observation data from multiple fisheries that have operated in the Southeast Pacific (2001–2018). A dynamic Poisson point process model was applied to predict leatherback intensity (observation per unit area) as a function of dynamic environmental covariates. This model serves as a tool for application by managers and stakeholders toward the reduction of leatherback turtle bycatch and provides a modeling framework for analyzing fisheries observations from other vulnerable populations and species.
The impact of marijuana use on liver transplant recipients: A 900 patient single center experience
Authors: Guorgui Jacob , Ito Takahiro , Markovic Daniela , Aziz Antony , Younan Stephanie , Severance Alyscia , Lu Michelle , Lee Jane , DiNorcia Joseph , Agopian Vatche G. , Farmer Douglas G. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Kaldas Fady M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionIncreased societal prevalence of marijuana continues to challenge liver transplant (LT) programs. This study aimed to examine the potential effects of marijuana use on outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study included recipients who underwent LT between 1/2012 and 6/2018. According to pre‐LT marijuana use, patients were classified into recent (≤6 months of LT), former (chronic use but not ≤6 months), or non‐users. Additionally, the impact of post‐LT marijuana use on survival was assessed.ResultsOf 926 eligible patients, 184 were pre‐LT marijuana users (42 recent; 142 former) (median follow‐up: 30.3 months). Pre‐users were more likely to be male, White, and have histories of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use. Additionally, recent users were of higher acuity, with higher MELD and requiring ICU admission. Patient survival at 1‐year was 89% in non‐users, 94% (HR: 0.494, 95% CI: 0.239–1.022 vs. non‐users) in former users, and 83% (HR: 1.516, 95% CI: 0.701–3.282) in recent users. Post‐operative complications in pre‐LT users and the survival analysis for post‐LT marijuana users vs. non‐users did not show significance.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that marijuana use did not have an adverse impact on post‐LT outcomes; however, further studies utilizing larger cohorts are warranted.
Association of balanced abdominal organ transplant center volumes with patient outcomes
Authors: Adler Joel T. , Tsai Thomas C. , Jin Ginger , Cron David C. , Ross‐Driscoll Katherine H. , Malek Sayeed K. , Tullius Stefan G. , Weissman Joel S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe volume‐outcome relationship for organ‐specific transplantation is well‐described; it is unknown if the relative balance of kidney compared with liver volumes within an institution relates to organ‐specific outcomes. We assessed the association between relative balance within a transplant center and outcomes.MethodsNational retrospective analysis of isolated kidney and liver transplants in United States 2005–2014 followed through 2019. Latent class analysis defined transplant center phenotypes. Multivariate Cox models estimated death‐censored graft loss and mortality.ResultsLatent class analysis identified four phenotypes: kidney only (n = 117), kidney dominant (n = 36), mixed/balanced (n = 90), and liver dominant (n = 13). Compared to mixed centers, the risk of kidney graft loss was higher at kidney‐dominant (HR 1.07, p < .001) and liver‐dominant (HR 1.10, p < .001) centers, while kidney‐only (HR 1.06, p = .01) centers had higher mortality. Liver graft loss was not associated with phenotype, but risk of patient death was lower (HR 0.93, p = .02) at liver dominant and higher (HR 1.06, p = .02) at kidney‐dominant centers.ConclusionsA mixed phenotype was associated with improved kidney transplant outcomes, whereas liver transplant outcomes were best at liver‐dominant centers. While these findings need to be verified with center‐level resources, optimization of shared resources could improve patient and organ outcomes.
Hidden layers of density dependence in consumer feeding rates
Authors: Stouffer Daniel B. , Novak Mark 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFunctional responses relate a consumer's feeding rates to variation in its abiotic and biotic environment, providing insight into consumer behaviour and fitness, and underpinning population and food‐web dynamics. Despite their broad relevance and long‐standing history, we show here that the types of density dependence found in classic resource‐ and consumer‐dependent functional‐response models equate to strong and often untenable assumptions about the independence of processes underlying feeding rates. We first demonstrate mathematically how to quantify non‐independence between feeding and consumer interference and between feeding on multiple resources. We then analyse two large collections of functional‐response data sets to show that non‐independence is pervasive and borne out in previously hidden forms of density dependence. Our results provide a new lens through which to view variation in consumer feeding rates and disentangle the biological underpinnings of species interactions in multi‐species contexts.
Structural and functional underpinnings of precentral abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cheng Luqi , Yuan Yumin , Tang Xie , Zhou Yuan , Luo Chunxia , Liu Daihong , Zhang Yuanchao , Zhang Jiuquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. Studies using various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analytical approaches have consistently identified significant precentral abnormalities in ALS, whereas their structural and functional underpinnings remain poorly understood.MethodsUsing cortical thickness, fractional anisotropy (FA), and effective connectivity, we performed a multimodal MRI study to examine the structural and functional alterations associated with precentral abnormalities in patients with ALS (n = 60) compared with healthy controls (n = 60).ResultsCortical thickness analysis revealed significant cortical thinning in the right precentral gyrus (PCG), superior frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus in patients with ALS. Tractwise white matter microstructure analyses revealed decreased FA in the tracts connected to the PCG cluster in patients with ALS involving the right corticospinal tract and the middle posterior body of the corpus callosum. Additionally, the cortical thickness of the PCG cluster was found to be positively correlated with FA of the tracts connected to the PCG cluster, suggesting that these two structural features are tightly coupled. Using spectral dynamic causal modelling, effective connectivity analysis among the three regions with cortical thinning revealed decreased self‐inhibitory influence in the PCG cluster in patients with ALS, which might be an endophenotypic manifestation of an imbalance in inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in this region.ConclusionsThe present data shed new light on the structural and functional underpinnings of precentral abnormalities in ALS.
Amyloid in the breast: retrospective review with clinicopathological and radiological correlation of 32 cases from a single institution
Authors: Duckworth Lauren A , Cotta Claudiu V , Rowe J Jordi , Downs‐Kelly Erinn , Komforti Miglena K 
Published: January 2021

AimsMammary amyloid is an uncommon and easily overlooked pathological diagnosis with ambivalent presentation. Herein, we delineate the clinicopathological and radiographic characteristics of mammary amyloid.Methods and resultsThe Department of Pathology database was searched from 1993 to 2019 for keywords ‘breast’ and ‘amyloid’, yielding 32 cases from 23 patients, including consultation cases. All patients were female, age range = 52–81 (mean = 67.4 years). The left breast was involved more than the right (43 versus 33%, respectively); bilateral amyloid involvement was also present (24%). Amyloid was most often associated with a benign histopathological diagnosis (57%), lymphoma in 39% [all B cell lymphomas; five of nine were mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma] and rarely with a concurrent epithelial malignancy (invasive lobular carcinoma, 4%). Of the 14 patients with available clinical history, amyloid presented as a mass clinically or radiographically (six patients, 43%), as microcalcifications (five patients, 36%), and only occasionally as an asymmetry (14%) or fibroglandular density (7%). Microscopic examination detected microcalcifications in an additional nine cases (total 14 patients; 44% of the cohort). Interestingly, one patient had concurrent epithelial and haematological malignancy and amyloid within an axillary lymph node. Co‐morbidities included autoimmune diseases and multiple myeloma.ConclusionThe majority of mammary amyloid cases are associated with benign histopathological findings, while imaging most frequently noted microcalcifications or mass lesions. To avoid overlooking amyloid as simply fat necrosis or fibroelastotic stromal change, a low threshold for performing ancillary stains should be considered in elderly women with benign core needle findings performed for mass lesions or microcalcifications.
Hepatocellular adenomas in the Turkish population: reclassification according to updated World Health Organization criteria
Authors: Deniz Kemal , Umetsu Sarah E , Ferrell Linda , Yılmaz Funda , Güllüoğlu Mine , Sağol Özgül , Doğusoy Gülen B , Kırımlıoğlu Hale , Turhan Nesrin , Doran Figen , Kepil Nuray , Çelikel Çiğdem A , Nart Deniz , Özgüven Banu Y , Ceyran Bahar , Karadağ Neşe , Kır Gözde , Erden Esra , Yılmaz Güldal , Akyol Gülen 
Published: January 2021

AimsHepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is an uncommon liver neoplasm, and studies of HCA subtypes have been primarily limited to France, the USA, and Japan. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological features of HCA subtypes in Turkey.Methods and resultsThe resection specimens of 59 cases diagnosed as ‘hepatocellular adenoma’ collected from 15 institutions were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to classify them according to the current World Health Organization 2019 classification. Immunostaining for glutamine synthetase, liver fatty acid‐binding protein, C‐reactive protein, β‐catenin and reticulin was performed. Of the 59 cases, 48 (81%) were diagnosed as HCA. We identified 24 (50%) hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α)‐inactivated HCAs, five (10%) inflammatory HCAs, 15 (32%) β‐catenin‐activated HCAs, three (6%) β‐catenin‐activated inflammatory HCAs, and one (2%) unclassified HCA. HCA patients were predominantly female (female/male ratio of 5:1); they had a median age of 34 years and a median tumour diameter of 60 mm. In the β‐catenin‐activated HCA group, nine cases (19%) showed cytoarchitectural atypia, and were also referred to as atypical hepatocellular neoplasms. In the β‐catenin‐activated HCA group, three cases (6%) showed focal areas supportive of transition to HCA. The original diagnosis of HCA was changed to well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in nine cases and to focal nodular hyperplasia in two cases.ConclusionIn our series, the major HCA subtype was HNF1α‐inactivated HCA. We found a low incidence of inflammatory‐type HCA. Our data also showed that β‐catenin‐activated hepatocellular neoplasms, including cases with atypical histology, constituted a relatively high proportion of the cases. These findings are in contrast to those of most other studies of HCA subtypes.
Optimization and semi‐automatic evaluation of a frosting process for a soda lime silicate glass based on phosphoric acid
Authors: Kleiner Florian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChemical glass frosting processes are widely used to create visual attractive glass surfaces. A commonly used frosting bath mainly contains ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl). The frosting process consists of several baths. Firstly, the preliminary bath to clean the object. Secondly, the frosting bath which etches the rough light scattering structure into the glass surface. Finally, the washing baths to clean the frosted object. This is where the constituents of the preceding steps accumulate and have to be filtered from the sewage. In the present contribution, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was used as a substitute for HCl to reduce the amount of ammonium (NH4+) and chloride (Cl−) dissolved in the waste water. In combination with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), it allows the precipitation of ammonium within the sewage as ammonium magnesium phosphate (MgNH4PO4). However, a trivial replacement of HCl by H3PO4within the frosting process causes extensive frosting errors, such as inhomogeneous size distributions of the structures or domains that are not fully covered by these structures. By modifying the preliminary bath composition, it was possible to improve the frosting result considerably. To determine the optimal composition of the preliminary bath, a semi‐automatic evaluation method has been developed. This method renders the objective comparison of the resulting surface quality possible.
Does surprise enhance infant memory? Assessing the impact of the encoding context on subsequent object recognition
Authors: Csink Viktoria , Mareschal Denis , Gliga Teodora 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA discrepancy between what was predicted and what is observed has been linked to increased looking times, changes in brain electrical activity, and increased pupil dilation in infants. These processes associated with heightened attention and readiness to learn might enhance the encoding and memory consolidation of the surprising object, as suggested by both the infant and the adult literature. We therefore investigated whether the presence of surprise during the encoding context enhances subsequent encoding and recognition memory processes for the items that violated infants' expectations. Seventeen‐month‐olds viewed 20 familiar objects, half of which were labeled correctly, while the other half were mislabeled. Subsequently, infants were presented with a silent recognition memory test where the previously labeled objects appeared along with new images. Pupil dilation was measured, with more dilated pupils indicating (1) surprise during those labeling events where the item was mislabeled and (2) successful retrieval processes during the memory test. Infants responded with more pupil dilation to mislabeling compared to correct labeling. Importantly, despite the presence of a surprise response during mislabeling, infants only differentiated between the previously seen and unseen items at the memory test, offering no evidence that surprise had facilitated the encoding of the mislabeled items.
Structure‐property relations for a phase‐pure, nanograined tetragonal zirconia ceramic stabilized with minimum CaO doping
Authors: Arun Aditya , Kumar Lakshaman , Chowdhury Anirban 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDense (~97%) CaO‐stabilized ZrO2 ceramic was stabilized with minimum (3 mol%) doping (reported to date) and processed via conventional sintering at a low temperature (~1200°C); compositional analysis via X‐ray florescence confirmed the CaO doping accuracy. Phase‐pure tetragonal structure (characterized via both X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy) along with uniform nanograins (90 nm) of the ceramic ensured the evolution of no monoclinic phase even after vigorous low‐temperature degradation experiments (both thermal and hydrothermal aging for 80‐100 h). The sintered ceramic recorded a high hardness (~15 GPa); the indentation toughness value was also comparable to a 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia system. The remarkable structure–property correlations in the 3 mol% CaO‐stabilized ZrO2 ceramic suggests that the same may be worth examining for suitable future applications (e.g., in dental ceramics).
Brief formula low‐energy‐diet for relapse management during weight loss maintenance in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)
Authors: Brosnahan Naomi , Leslie Wilma , McCombie Louise , Barnes Alison , Thom George , McConnachie Alex , Messow Claudia Martina , Sattar Naveed , Taylor Roy , Lean Michael E. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWeight loss maintenance (WLM) is critical for sustaining type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission, but poorly evidenced. We evaluated brief return to formula low‐energy‐diet (LED) as relapse treatments (RTs) during the WLM phase of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT).MethodsThis post‐hoc evaluation included all participants commencing the WLM phase of DiRECT. The protocol offered RT when regain of >2 kg occurred.ResultsIn total, 123/149 (83%) DiRECT intervention participants commenced the WLM phase after 26 (17%) had withdrawn prior to the WLM phase. Most participants [99/123 (80%)] regained >2 kg during the WLM phase, among whom 60/99 (61%) were recorded as using RT and 39/99 (39%) not using any RT. At baseline, RT users had a higher mean (SD) body mass index [35.8 (4.9) kg m−2 vs. 33.8 (3.9) kg m−2, p = 0.0231] and had greater social deprivation (P = 0.0003) than non‐users, although otherwise the groups were similar. Weight loss ≥ 2k g was achieved in 30/93 (32%) of RT attempts. At 2 years, those regaining >2 kg and using RT (n = 60) had mean (SD) weight losses of 7.4 (6.1) kg, with 25 (42%) remissions and 7 (12%) programme withdrawals. Those regaining >2 kg but not using RT (n = 39) had weight losses of 8.8 (6.0) kg, with 21 (54%) remissions and 4 (10%) programme withdrawals (all not significant). Twelve participants were never recorded as having regained >2 kg or using RTs and, at 2 years, their weight losses were 12.9 (9.2) kg, with 4 (33%) remissions and 8 (67%) programme withdrawals.ConclusionsMost people with T2D experience weight regain >2 kg during the 2 years after substantial weight loss with a LED. Only one‐third of RTs corrected their 2‐kg regain, resulting in similar weight losses, remissions and programme withdrawals at 2 years compared to those not using RTs; however, both groups had weight losses below those not recorded as regaining >2 kg during WLM.