bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed cerebral atrophy after cerebellar stroke: topographical relation and clinical impact
Authors: van Niftrik Christiaan H B , Visser Thomas F , Sebök Martina , Muscas Giovanni , El Amki Mohamad , Serra Carlo , Regli Luca , Wegener Susanne , Fierstra Jorn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Remote dysconnectivity following cerebellar ischaemic stroke may have a negative impact on supratentorial brain tissue. Since the cerebellum is connected to the individual cerebral lobes via contralateral tracts, cerebellar lesion topography might determine the distribution of contralateral supratentorial brain tissue changes. We investigated (i) the occurrence of delayed cerebral atrophy after cerebellar ischaemic stroke and its relationship to infarct volume; (ii) whether cerebellar stroke topography determines supratentorial atrophy location; and (iii) how cortical atrophy after cerebellar stroke impacts clinical outcome. We performed longitudinal volumetric MRI analysis of patients with isolated cerebellar stroke from the Swiss Stroke Registry database. Stroke location and volume were determined at baseline MRI. Delayed cerebral atrophy was measured as supratentorial cortical volumetric change at follow-up, in contralateral target as compared to ipsilateral reference-areas. In patients with bilateral stroke, both hemispheres were analysed separately. We obtained maps of how cerebellar lesion topography, determines the probability of delayed atrophy per distinct cerebral lobe. Clinical performance was measured with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale. In 29 patients (age 58 ± 18; 9 females; median follow-up: 6.2 months), with 36 datasets (7 patients with bilateral cerebellar stroke), delayed cerebral atrophy occurred in 28 (78%) datasets. A multivariable generalized linear model for a Poisson distribution showed that infarct volume (milliliter) in bilateral stroke patients was positively associated with the number of atrophic target areas (Rate ratio = 1.08; P = 0.01). Lobe-specific cerebral atrophy related to distinct topographical cerebellar stroke patterns. By ordinal logistic regression (shift analysis), more atrophic areas predicted higher 3-month mRS scores in patients with low baseline scores (baseline score 3–5: Odds ratio = 1.34; P = 0.02; baseline score 0–2: OR = 0.71; P = 0.19). Our results indicate that (i) isolated cerebellar ischaemic stroke commonly results in delayed cerebral atrophy and stroke volume determines the severity of cerebral atrophy in patients with bilateral stroke; (ii) cerebellar stroke topography affects the location of delayed cerebral atrophy; and (iii) delayed cerebral atrophy negatively impacts clinical outcome.
Modular community structure of the face network supports face recognition
Authors: Levakov Gidon , Sporns Olaf , Avidan Galia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Face recognition is dependent on computations conducted in specialized brain regions and the communication among them, giving rise to the face-processing network. We examined whether modularity of this network may underlie the vast individual differences found in human face recognition abilities. Modular networks, characterized by strong within and weaker between-network connectivity, were previously suggested to promote efficacy and reduce interference among cognitive systems and also correlated with better cognitive abilities. The study was conducted in a large sample (n = 409) with diffusion-weighted imaging, resting-state fMRI, and a behavioral face recognition measure. We defined a network of face-selective regions and derived a novel measure of communication along with structural and functional connectivity among them. The modularity of this network was positively correlated with recognition abilities even when controlled for age. Furthermore, the results were specific to the face network when compared with the place network or to spatially permuted null networks. The relation to behavior was also preserved at the individual-edge level such that a larger correlation to behavior was found within hemispheres and particularly within the right hemisphere. This study provides the first evidence of modularity–behavior relationships in the domain of face processing and more generally in visual perception.
Predictors of long-term mortality among perioperative survivors of Fontan operation
Authors: Inai Kei , Inuzuka Ryo , Ono Hiroshi , Nii Masaki , Ohtsuki Shinichi , Kurita Yoshihiko , Takeda Atsuhito , Hirono Keiichi , Takei Kohta , Yasukouchi Satoshi , Yoshikawa Tadahiro , Furutani Yoshiyuki , Shimada Eriko , Shinohara Tokuko , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Matsuyama Yutaka , Senzaki Hideaki , Nakanishi Toshio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
The criteria for ‘good’ Fontan haemodynamics have been poorly defined in relation to long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for mortality among haemodynamic parameters obtained early after the Fontan operation.

Methods and results
Clinical data of all perioperative survivors of the Fontan operation performed before 2011, from nine institutions, were collected through a retrospective chart review. In total, 1260 patients were included. The median age at the time of Fontan operation was 3.6 years. Post-operative cardiac catheterization was conducted in 1117 patients at a median period of 1.0 years after the operation. During the median follow-up period of 10.2 years, 107 patients died. The mortality rates at 10, 20, and 25 years after the operation were 5%, 12%, and 22%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, older age at the time of the operation {≥15 years, hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 3.2 (1.7–5.9)} and haemodynamic parameters obtained at post-operative catheterization, such as low ejection fraction [&lt;30%, HR (95% CI): 7.5 (3.2–18)], low systemic oxygen saturation [&lt;80%, HR (95% CI): 3.8 (1.6–9.1)], high central venous pressure [≥16 mmHg, HR (95% CI): 2.3 (1.3–3.9)], and low mean systemic arterial pressure [&lt;60 mmHg, HR (95% CI): 3.0 (1.4–6.2)] were identified as independent predictors of mortality. The predictive model based on these parameters had a c-index of 0.75 at 10 years.

Conclusions
Haemodynamic parameters obtained at a median period of 1.0 years, post-operatively, can accurately identify patients with a high mortality risk, who may need intensive management to improve long-term outcomes.
Telehealth is here to stay but not without challenges: a consultation of cardiac rehabilitation clinicians during COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Cartledge Susie , Rawstorn Jonathan C , Tran Mark , Ryan Pauline , Howden Erin J , Jackson Alun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Delivery of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) was challenged during the pandemic caused by the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), due to government stay-at-home directives which restricted in-person programmes. The Australian state of Victoria experienced the longest and most severe COVID-19 restrictions and was in lockdown for ∼6 months of 2020. We aimed to explore (i) clinicians’ experiences and perceptions and (ii) identify barriers and enablers, for delivering CR during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and results
Victorian members of the Australian Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association (ACRA) were invited to attend an exploratory qualitative online consultation in November 2020. An inductive thematic analysis was undertaken, before deductively applying the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework to identify barriers and enablers for technology adoption in CR. Thirty members participated in a 106-min consultation. Seventeen members who provided demographics represented multiple disciplines (nursing n = 13, exercise physiology n = 3, and physiotherapy n = 1) and geographical settings (metropolitan n = 10, regional n = 4, and rural n = 3). Four main themes were inductively identified: consequences of change; use of technology; capacity; and the way forward. The deductive NASSS analysis demonstrated the main challenges of continuing remotely delivered CR lie with adopters (staff, patients, and carers) and with organizations.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic expedited significant changes to CR delivery models. While clinicians are eager to retain technology-enabled delivery in addition to resuming in-person CR, it is now timely to review remote models of care, tools used and plan how they will be integrated with traditional in-person programmes.
Clinical outcomes and cardiac rehabilitation in underrepresented groups after percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational study
Authors: Gonzalez-Jaramillo Nathalia , Marcin Thimo , Matter Sophia , Eser Prisca , Berlin Claudia , Bano Arjola , Heg Dik , Franco Oscar H , Windecker Stephan , Räber Lorenz , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Underrepresentation of migrants, women, and older adults in cardiovascular disease (CVD) trials may contribute to disparate care and survival. Among patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), we aimed to investigate the associations of (i) underrepresented groups with major adverse cardiac events (MACE), CVD mortality, and non-CVD mortality, (ii) underrepresented groups with cardiac rehabilitation (CR) uptake, and (iii) CR uptake with outcomes.

Methods and results
We included 15 211 consecutive patients from the CARDIOBASE Bern PCI registry (2009–18). In multi-state models comparing transition probabilities of events, sex was not associated with increased risk of any event. For each year increase in age, the increased risk of non-CVD and CVD mortality was 8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6–9%]. Being migrant was associated with a lower risk of non-CVD mortality [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) 0.49 (0.27–0.90)] but not with CVD mortality. In logistic regression analysis, CR uptake was lower among women [odds ratio (95% CI) = 0.72 (0.57–0.86)] and older adults [0.32 (0.27–0.38)], but not among migrants. In cox regression, CR was independently associated with lower all-cause [HR (95% CI) = 0.12 (0.03–0.37)] and CVD mortality [0.1 (0.02–0.7)], but not with MACE [1.08 (0.8–1.4)].

Conclusion
Among underrepresented groups undergoing PCI, age, but not migration status nor sex, contributed to disparities in mortality. Migrant status did not result in lower attendance of CR. Considering the protective associations of CR on CVD mortality independent of age, sex, and migration status, the lower uptake in women and older adults is noteworthy.
Assessing the effectiveness of oxathiapiprolin towardPhytophthora agathidicida, the causal agent of kauri dieback disease
Authors: Lacey Randy F , Fairhurst Michael J , Daley Kaitlyn J , Ngata-Aerengamate Te Amohaere , Patterson Haileigh R , Patrick Wayne M , Gerth Monica L 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTPhytophthora species cause disease and devastation of plants in ecological and horticultural settings worldwide. A recently identified species, Phytophthoraagathidicida, infects and ultimately kills the treasured kauri trees (Agathis australis) that are endemic to New Zealand. Currently, there are few options for managing kauri dieback disease. In this study, we sought to assess the efficacy of the oomycide oxathiapiprolin against several life cycle stages of two geographically distinct P. agathidicida isolates. The effective concentration to inhibit 50% of mycelial growth (EC50) was determined to be ∼0.1 ng/ml, indicating that P. agathidicida mycelia are more sensitive to oxathiapiprolin than those from most other Phytophthora species that have been studied. Oxathiapiprolin was also highly effective at inhibiting the germination of zoospores (EC50 = 2–9 ng/ml for the two isolates) and oospores (complete inhibition at 100 ng/ml). In addition, oxathiapiprolin delayed the onset of detached kauri leaf infection in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the results presented here highlight the significant potential of oxathiapiprolin as a tool to aid in the control of kauri dieback disease.
Eucalyptus grandis Response to Calcium Fertilization in Colombia
Authors: Grover Zach S , Cook Rachel L , Zapata Marcela , Byron Urrego J , Albaugh Timothy J , Zelaya Ariel , Ozyhar Tomasz , Rubilar Rafael , Carter David R , Campoe Otávio C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Calcium (Ca) is a critical plant nutrient typically applied at the time of planting in intensive Eucalyptus plantations in South America. At two sites in Colombia, we examined (1) calcium source by comparing growth after application of 100 kg ha−1 elemental Ca as lime or as pelletized highly reactive calcium fertilizer (HRCF) compared to a no application control, and (2) Ca rate by applying 0, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha−1 elemental Ca as HRCF with the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and boron (NPKSB). We assessed height, diameter, and volume after 12 and 24 months. There were no growth differences from Ca source at the 100 kg ha−1 rate. We found increased volume after 24 months at the “Popayan” site with 200 and 400 kg ha−1 Ca HRCF+NPKSB treatments (112 and 113 m3 ha−1, respectively) compared to control (92 m3 ha−1), a 22% increase. In contrast, volume did not differ after 24 months at the “Darien” site, ranging from 114 m3 ha−1 in the 0 kg ha−1 Ca HRCF+NPKSB treatment to 98 m3 ha−1 in the control. Differences in response are likely due to soil characteristics, such as organic matter, emphasizing the importance of identifying site-specific nutrient deficiencies.
Modelling Maximum Stem Basal Area Growth Rates of Individual Trees ofEucalyptus pilularisSmith
Authors: West P W 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe growth rate of a tree at any time relates to its size and the level of competition exerted by its neighbors for the resources it needs for growth. This work describes the development of a model to predict the maximum growth rate in stem basal area of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith trees in native and plantation forests of subtropical eastern Australia. It shows maximum growth rates increasing with size until the tree reaches a stem diameter at breast height of 27 cm. Thereafter, maximum growth rates decline progressively as the tree grows larger. Physiological reasons that might describe this growth pattern are discussed. The maxima are shown to be independent of tree age, stand stocking density or average tree size, and the productive capacity of the site on which the forest is growing.
Hunter Concerns and Intention to Hunt in Forested Areas Affected by Wildlife Disease
Authors: Meeks Abigail , Poudyal Neelam C , Muller Lisa I , Yoest Chuck 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeer hunting is a major forest-based recreation activity in the US South. However, the recent discovery of chronic wasting disease (CWD) threatens deer hunting in the region. Stakeholders are interested in understanding how hunters perceive the risk and change their hunting behavior. This study found a significant change in hunters’ concerns after the first deer season since the discovery of CWD in Tennessee, USA. Results also showed that hunters’ short- and long-term intentions to hunt deer in the region were positively related to previous experience of hunting in CWD-affected areas, beliefs in the effectiveness of herd reduction to control CWD, concerns regarding potential decline in deer quality and changes in hunting regulations due to CWD, and trust in wildlife agency action. Hunters who hunt on public land and were concerned with deer and human health risk were less likely to hunt in the CWD region. These results are useful in understanding hunter behavior in response to wildlife disease and identifying variables that may help project immediate as well as long-term change in hunting demand in affected regions.
Perceptions of Log Truck Weight Regulations Among Loggers and Forest Industry in Georgia, USA
Authors: Conrad Joseph L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Georgia and other southern states have far lower gross vehicle weight (GVW) limits for log trucks than other US regions and other countries. Low GVW limits result in high hauling costs and truck traffic. In 2020, including tolerances, five-axle log tractor-trailers were allowed 38,102 kg (84,000 lb) GVW in Georgia. Telephone surveys of 30 loggers and 32 forest industry representatives from the state of Georgia were conducted to measure perceptions of weight regulations and assess support for alternative weights and configurations. The four alternatives included five axles, 39,916 kg (88,000 lb); six axles, 41,277 kg (91,000 lb); six axles, 45,359 kg (100,000 lb); and seven axles, 45,359 kg (100,000 lb) GVW. The majority of loggers and forest industry representatives stated that GVW limits for log trucks were too low. The average preferred GVW limits were 39,621 kg (87,350 lb) and 40,545 kg (89,387 lb) for loggers and forest industry, respectively. Loggers and forest industry supported the five-axle 39,916 kg (88,000 lb) configuration whereas many loggers opposed both 45,359 kg (100,000 lb) configurations. Loggers, forest industry, and policymakers should work to modernize weight laws to reduce hauling costs, maintain or improve safety, and protect public infrastructure.
Application of RNA subcellular fraction estimation method to explore RNA localization regulation
Authors: Dai Xiaomin , Li Yangmengjie , Liu Weizhen , Pan Xiuqi , Guo Chenyue , Zhao Xiaojing , Lv Jingwen , Lei Haixin , Zhang Liye 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
RNA localization is involved in multiple biological processes. Recent advances in subcellular fractionation-based sequencing approaches uncovered localization pattern on a global scale. Most of existing methods adopt relative localization ratios (such as ratios of separately normalized transcripts per millions of different subcellular fractions without considering the difference in total RNA abundances in different fractions), however, absolute ratios may yield different results on the preference to different cellular compartment. Experimentally, adding external Spike-in RNAs to different fractionation can be used to obtain absolute ratios. In addition, a spike-in independent computational approach based on multiple linear regression model can also be used. However, currently, no custom tool is available. To solve this problem, we developed a method called subcellular fraction abundance estimator to correctly estimate relative RNA abundances of different subcellular fractionations. The ratios estimated by our method were consistent with existing reports. By applying the estimated ratios for different fractions, we explored the RNA localization pattern in cell lines and also predicted RBP motifs that were associated with different localization patterns. In addition, we showed that different isoforms of same genes could exhibit distinct localization patterns. To conclude, we believed our tool will facilitate future subcellular fractionation-related sequencing study to explore the function of RNA localization in various biological problems.
Sexual dimorphism and the effect of wild introgressions on recombination in cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) breeding germplasm
Authors: Chan Ariel W , Villwock Seren S , Williams Amy L , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecombination has essential functions in meiosis, evolution, and breeding. The frequency and distribution of crossovers dictate the generation of new allele combinations and can vary across species and between sexes. Here, we examine recombination landscapes across the 18 chromosomes of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with respect to male and female meioses and known introgressions from the wild relative Manihot glaziovii. We used SHAPEIT2 and duoHMM to infer crossovers from genotyping-by-sequencing data and a validated multigenerational pedigree from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture cassava breeding germplasm consisting of 7020 informative meioses. We then constructed new genetic maps and compared them to an existing map previously constructed by the International Cassava Genetic Map Consortium. We observed higher recombination rates in females compared to males, and lower recombination rates in M. glaziovii introgression segments on chromosomes 1 and 4, with suppressed recombination along the entire length of the chromosome in the case of the chromosome 4 introgression. Finally, we discuss hypothesized mechanisms underlying our observations of heterochiasmy and crossover suppression and discuss the broader implications for plant breeding.
The expression of Drosophila melanogaster Hox gene Ultrabithorax is not overtly regulated by the intronic long noncoding RNA lncRNA:PS4 in a wild-type genetic background
Authors: Hermann Anita , Kosman Dave , McGinnis William , Tour Ella 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of processes in development, differentiation, and disease. In Drosophila melanogaster, the bithorax Hox cluster contains three Hox genes [Ultrabithorax (Ubx), abdominal-A, and Abdominal-B], along with a number of lncRNAs, most with unknown functions. Here, we investigated the function of a lncRNA, lncRNA:PS4 that originates in the second intron of Ubx and is transcribed in the antisense orientation to Ubx. The expression pattern of lncRNA:PS4 is complementary to Ubx in the thoracic primordia, and the lncRNA:PS4 coding region overlaps the location of the large insertion that causes the dominant homeotic mutation Contrabithorax-1 (UbxCbx-1), which partially transforms Drosophila wings into halteres via ectopic activation of Ubx. This led us to investigate the potential role of this lncRNA in regulation of Ubx expression. The UbxCbx-1 mutation dramatically changes the pattern of lncRNA:PS4, eliminating the expression of most lncRNA:PS4 sequences from parasegment 4 (where Ubx protein is normally absent) and ectopically activating lncRNA:PS4 at high levels in the abdomen (where Ubx is normally expressed). These changes, however, did not lead to changes in the Ubx embryonic transcription pattern. Targeted deletion of the two promoters of lncRNA:PS4 did not result in the change of Ubx expression in the embryos. In the genetic background of a UbxCbx-1 mutation, the lncRNA:PS4 mutation does slightly enhance the ectopic activation of Ubx protein expression in wing discs and also slightly enhances the wing phenotype seen in UbxCbx-1 heterozygotes.
Chromosome-level assembly reveals a putative Y-autosomal fusion in the sex determination system of the Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)
Authors: Ferchaud Anne-Laure , Mérot Claire , Normandeau Eric , Ragoussis Jiannis , Babin Charles , Djambazian Haig , Bérubé Pierre , Audet Céline , Treble Margaret , Walkusz Wojciech , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite the commercial importance of Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), important gaps still persist in our knowledge of this species, including its reproductive biology and sex determination mechanism. Here, we combined single-molecule sequencing of long reads (Pacific Sciences) with chromatin conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C) data to assemble the first chromosome-level reference genome for this species. The high-quality assembly encompassed more than 598 Megabases (Mb) assigned to 1594 scaffolds (scaffold N50 = 25 Mb) with 96% of its total length distributed among 24 chromosomes. Investigation of the syntenic relationship with other economically important flatfish species revealed a high conservation of synteny blocks among members of this phylogenetic clade. Sex determination analysis revealed that similar to other teleost fishes, flatfishes also exhibit a high level of plasticity and turnover in sex determination mechanisms. A low-coverage whole-genome sequence analysis of 198 individuals revealed that Greenland Halibut possesses a male heterogametic XY system and several putative candidate genes implied in the sex determination of this species. Our study also suggests for the first time in flatfishes that a putative Y-autosomal fusion could be associated with a reduction of recombination typical of the early steps of sex chromosome evolution.