bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience outstrips the negative effect of caregiver burden on quality of life among parents of children with type 1 diabetes: An Application of Johnson–Neyman Analysis
Authors: Luo Dan , Gu Wei , Bao Ying , Cai Xue , Lu Yanhui , Li Ruxue , Wang Yubing , Li Mingzi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine whether resilience buffers the deleterious consequences of caregiver burden on quality of life among parents of children with type 1 diabetes.BackgroundThe burden of caring for a child with type 1 diabetes can be a form of stress and damage parents’ quality of life. Resilience is a crucial psychological variable that contributes to individual health in the context of extraordinary challenges. However, no studies in paediatric diabetes have focused on the effects of parent resilience on caregiving burden and quality of life.DesignThis was a descriptive cross‐sectional study with a convenience sample following the STROBE guidelines.MethodsA total of 227 parents were invited to participate during the children's routine outpatient visit. Parents completed measures of resilience, caregiver burden and quality of life. The disease characteristics of children were extracted from the electronic medical records. We performed hierarchical multiple regression and Johnson–Neyman statistical analysis to probe the moderating effect of resilience.ResultsThe parents reported poorer mental and physical health as compared with the general population. Caregiver burden was significantly negatively associated with parents’ quality of life, while resilience demonstrated a positive correlation with life quality. Resilience served as a moderator between caregiver burden and mental health. When parents experienced a high caregiver burden, the benefit of high resilience for better mental health was apparent.ConclusionsThe present study underscores the protective role of resilience in reducing caregiving burden and improving parents’ quality of life.Relevance to clinical practiceRegular psychosocial assessment for parents of children with type 1 diabetes should be incorporated into clinical nursing practice. This study confirms that resilience is a promising intervention target for parents with heavy caregiver burden and unsatisfactory life quality.
The construction of social reality as a process of representational naturalization. The case of the social representation of drugs
Authors: Negura Lilian , Plante Nathalie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis theoretical paper explores the role of social representations in the construction of social reality. Even though this question has been the subject of many debates, the actual processes and mechanisms through which social representations contribute to the construction of social reality have rarely been explored. Citing key works on the topic, the paper explores the role of the genesis of social representations in this process. Each stage of the objectification of social representations (selective construction, structuring schematization, and naturalization) is examined in detail. A more in‐depth analysis of the naturalization process is provided by dividing it into four phases: (1) recognition; (2) elimination of contradictions; (3) instrumental use; and (4) validation through experience. These phases are illustrated using the example of the construction of the social object of drugs in our contemporary society. The present examination of the naturalization process in relation to drugs reveals the mechanisms through which the reality of drugs as a social problem has been constructed and reproduced in our society.
Molecular mechanisms of local adaptation for salt‐tolerance in a treefrog
Authors: Albecker Molly A. , Stuckert Adam M. M. , Balakrishnan Christopher N. , McCoy Michael W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSalinization is a global phenomenon affecting ecosystems and forcing freshwater organisms to deal with increasing levels of ionic stress. However, our understanding of mechanisms that permit salt tolerance in amphibians is limited. This study investigates mechanisms of salt tolerance in locally adapted, coastal populations of a treefrog,Hylacinerea. Using a common garden experiment, we (i) determine the extent that environment (i.e., embryonic and larval saltwater exposure) or genotype (i.e., coastal vs. inland) affects developmental benchmarks and transcriptome expression, and (ii) identify genes that may underpin differences in saltwater tolerance. Differences in gene expression, survival, and plasma osmolality were most strongly associated with genotype. Population genetic analyses on expressed genes also delineated coastal and inland groups based on genetic similarity. Coastal populations differentially expressed osmoregulatory genes including ion transporters (atp1b1,atp6V1g2,slc26a), cellular adhesion components (cdh26,cldn1,gjb3,ocln), and cytoskeletal components (odc1‐a,tgm3). Several of these genes are the same genes expressed by euryhaline fish after exposure to freshwater, which is a novel finding for North American amphibians and suggests that these genes may be associated with local salinity adaptation. Coastal populations also highly expressed glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (gpd1), which indicates they use glycerol as a compatible osmolyte to reduce water loss – another mechanism of saltwater tolerance previously unknown in frogs. These data signify thatHylacinereainhabiting coastal, brackish wetlands have evolved a salt‐tolerant ecotype, and highlights novel candidate pathways that can lead to salt tolerance in freshwater organisms facing habitat salinization.
Going with the flow: How corals in high‐flow environments can beat the heat
Authors: Fifer James , Bentlage Bastian , Lemer Sarah , Fujimura Atsushi G. , Sweet Michael , Raymundo Laurie J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoral reefs are experiencing unprecedented declines in health on a global scale leading to severe reductions in coral cover. One major cause of this decline is increasing sea surface temperature. However, conspecific colonies separated by even small spatial distances appear to show varying responses to this global stressor. One factor contributing to differential responses to heat stress is variability in the coral's micro‐environment, such as the amount of water flow a coral experiences. High flow provides corals with a variety of health benefits, including heat stress mitigation. Here, we investigate how water flow affects coral gene expression and provides resilience to increasing temperatures. We examined host and photosymbiont gene expression of Acropora cf. pulchra colonies in discrete in situ flow environments during a natural bleaching event. In addition, we conducted controlled ex situ tank experiments where we exposed A. cf. pulchra to different flow regimes and acute heat stress. Notably, we observed distinct flow‐driven transcriptomic signatures related to energy expenditure, growth, heterotrophy and a healthy coral host–photosymbiont relationship. We also observed disparate transcriptomic responses during bleaching recovery between the high‐ and low‐flow sites. Additionally, corals exposed to high flow showed “frontloading” of specific heat‐stress‐related genes such as heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, genes involved in apoptosis regulation, innate immunity and cell adhesion. We posit that frontloading is a result of increased oxidative metabolism generated by the increased water movement. Gene frontloading may at least partially explain the observation that colonies in high‐flow environments show higher survival and/or faster recovery in response to bleaching events.
The relationship between surgical intensive care unit nurses' patient safety culture and adverse events
Authors: Yesilyaprak Tugce , Demir Korkmaz Fatma 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdverse events are often encountered in surgical intensive care units (ICUs), and most of them occur due to preventable errors. Establishment of a patient safety culture is recommended for preventing and reducing these errors.AimsThis study was performed to investigate the relationship between surgical ICU nurses' patient safety culture and adverse events.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsThe study was performed in the surgical ICUs of four university hospitals in Izmir province, Turkey and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by an Ethics Committee. The sample comprised 113 nurses working in the surgical ICUs of the hospitals between November 2018 and February 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire that comprised a demographic form, adverse events form, and patient safety culture hospital questionnaire. Student's t test, one‐way analysis of variance, and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. P values <.05 were considered significant.ResultsAt the end of the study, nurses' level of patient safety culture was found to be intermediate (65.5%), with the highest average positive response rate (PRR) obtained for teamwork within the units (65.5%) and the lowest average PRR obtained for the frequency of adverse event reporting (25.3%). There was a significant correlation between patient safety culture and adverse events (r = 0.027, P < .05).ConclusionsSurgical ICUs nurses' level of patient safety culture was average, and there was a significant correlation between patient safety culture and adverse events.Relevance to clinical practiceManagers should establish a reliable system for reporting adverse events and encourage ICU nurses to report them. It is very important to adopt a non‐punitive approach at instances when an adverse event is reported.
Chicago Classification update (v4.0): Technical review of high‐resolution manometry metrics for EGJ barrier function
Authors: Kahrilas Peter J. , Mittal Ravinder K. , Bor Serhat , Kohn Geoffrey P. , Lenglinger Johannes , Mittal Sumeet K. , Pandolfino John E. , Serra Jordi , Tatum Roger , Yadlapati Rena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEsophagogastric junction (EGJ) barrier function is of fundamental importance in the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Impaired EGJ barrier function leads to excessive distal esophageal acid exposure or, in severe cases, esophagitis. Hence, proposed high‐resolution manometry (HRM) metrics assessing EGJ integrity are clinically important and were a focus of the Chicago Classification (CC) working group for inclusion in CC v4.0. However, the EGJ is a complex sphincter comprised of both crural diaphragm (CD) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) component, each of which is subject to independent physiological control mechanisms and pathophysiology. No single metric can capture all attributes of EGJ barrier function. The working group considered several potential metrics of EGJ integrity including LES‐CD separation, the EGJ contractile integral (EGJ‐CI), the respiratory inversion point (RIP), and intragastric pressure. Strong recommendations were made regarding LES‐CD separation as indicative of hiatus hernia, although the numerical threshold for defining hiatal hernia was not agreed upon. There was no agreement on the significance of the RIP, only that it could localize either above the LES or between the LES and CD in cases of hiatus hernia. There was agreement on how to measure the EGJ‐CI and that it should be referenced to gastric pressure in units of mmHg cm, but the numerical threshold indicative of a hypotensive EGJ varied widely among reports and was not agreed upon. Intragastric pressure was endorsed as an important metric worthy of further study but there was no agreement on a numerical threshold indicative of abdominal obesity.
Is Migration a Learned Behavior? Understanding the Impact of Past Migration on Future Migration
Authors: Bernard Aude , Perales Francisco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite growing efforts to conceptualize residential mobility and migration as long‐term trajectories, because of methodological challenges and the lack of adequate data, most empirical studies have resorted to examining year‐to‐year changes in place of residence. As a result, the impact of past migration experiences on future migration behavior remains poorly understood. To shed light on time interdependencies in individual migration trajectories, this paper examines associations between past moves and subsequent migration behavior from birth to age 50, distinguishing between (i) intraregional mobility, interregional migration and international migration and (ii) return and onward moves. By applying multinominal regression models to retrospective life history data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we demonstrate that the decision to migrate at a particular point in time is embedded within a wider migration history that started in childhood. However, we also find that the effect of past moves diminishes as individuals progress in their migration career. These findings hold for intraregional, interregional and international moves. Altogether, these findings lend support to our theoretical proposition that migration is a learned behavior and highlight the importance of accounting for time interdependency in individuals’ migration trajectories.
Management of infants born to mothers with suspected or confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the delivery room: A tentative proposal 2020
Authors: Hosono Shigeharu , Isayama Tetsuya , Sugiura Takahiro , Kusakawa Isao , Kamei Yoshimasa , Ibara Satoshi , Tamura Masanori ,   Neonatal Resuscitation Committee, Japan Society of Perinatal, Neonatal Medicine
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread worldwide within a short period, and there is still no sign of an end to the pandemic. Management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected pregnant women at the time of delivery presents a unique challenge. To fulfill the goal of providing adequate management of such women and their infants, and to decrease the risk of exposure of the healthcare providers, tentative guidelines are needed until more evidence is collected. Practical preventative action is required that takes into account the following infection routes: (i) aerosol transmission from mothers to healthcare providers, (ii) horizontal transmission to healthcare providers from infants infected by their mothers, and (iii) horizontal transmission from mothers to infants. To develop standard operating procedures, briefings/training simulations should be carried out, taking into account the latest information. Briefings should be carefully conducted to clarify the role and procedures. Healthcare providers should wear personal protective equipment. If it is physically possible, neonatal resuscitation should be performed in a separate area next to the delivery room. If a separate area is not available, the infant warmer should be placed at least 2 m away from the delivery table, or partitioned off in the same room. A minimum number of skilled personnel should participate in resuscitation using the latest neonatal resuscitation algorithms.
Bryozoan‐rich stromatolites (bryostromatolites) from the Silurian of Gotland and their relation to climate‐related perturbations of the global carbon cycle
Authors: Claussen Anna Lene , Munnecke Axel , Ernst Andrej 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBryozoan–stromatolite associations (bryostromatolites) formed conspicuous reef structures throughout the Sheinwoodian (Wenlock) to Ludfordian (Ludlow) stratigraphy on Gotland but have not been described so far. They are mainly composed of encrusting bryozoans forming a complex intergrowth with porostromate and spongiostromate microbes and are different from the abundant stromatoporoid–coral–algal reefs with respect to their composition. In the bryostromatolite different growth stages can be identified. The observed succession can be taken as evidence for cyclic environmental changes during reef formation. Stenohaline reef‐dwelling organisms, such as echinoderms, sponges, corals and trilobites, indicate fully marine salinities. Ten localities exposing bryostromatolites were discovered. Individual bryostromatolites are small with few decimetres up to one metre in size, and occur solely in shallow marine areas. Common features of these reefs on Gotland are cauliflower‐like growth, a high bryozoan diversity, a high abundance of phosphatic fossils and components such as bryozoan pearls and inarticulate phosphatic brachiopods, enhanced bioerosion,Palaeomicrocodiumcrusts, vadose silt and gypsum pseudomorphs. The high abundance ofPalaeomicrocodium, as well as the alternation with other crust‐forming contributors, suggest that it could have been formed directly at the palaeo‐sea surface, probably in times of minor but high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations. Vadose silt and pseudomorphs after gypsum in reef cavities indicate subaerial exposure shortly after reef growth. The high amount of phosphatic components indicates a high nutrient input, probably by dust. All bryostromatolites were formed in times of strongly elevated δ13C values. The unusual combination of sedimentological and palaeoecological features, as well as their occurrence exclusively during strong positive δ13C excursions, are evidence that the bryostromatolite development responded to climatic/oceanographic changes, which may have played an important role in reef control.
Freezing time? The sociology of egg freezing
Authors: Myers Kit C. , Martin Lauren Jade 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, social scientists and bioethicists have produced a significant body of work tracking the technical, legal, ethical, and sociocultural development and implications of human egg freezing. What began as a treatment to “preserve” the fertility of cancer patients has transformed into a technology enabling delayed childbearing. We provide an overview of four research areas that have received the most attention in the sociological and anthropological literature of egg freezing: medicalization, gender, temporality and risk, and markets. What emerges from much of the research is the sense that egg freezing has become entangled with cultural imperatives to take future‐oriented responsibility for one's own health, financial, social, and reproductive needs through self‐management, risk reduction, calculation, and optimization. Throughout, we consider the implications of this novel reproductive technology within national and transnational “reproflows” that stratify reproduction along raced and classed lines.
Analysis of Spoked Rings
Authors: Donnell L. H. , Gibbons H. B. , Shaw E. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
From work carried out at the Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation (now Goodyear Aircraft Corporation) the authors have derived general solutions for certain ring problems. The paper briefly discusses the difficulties in usual methods of studying structures with large numbers of redundancies and discusses simplifications which can be made in these methods when the structures are symmetrical. The remainder of the paper discusses the application of trigonometric series to stiffened-ring problems. General solutions are derived by using differential equations of equilibrium for the case of circular rings with continuous radial support, and by using difference equations of equilibrium for the case of polygonal rings with spokes and loads at the corners. Shear and axial strains in the ring and the difference in length of inner and outer fibers of the ring are considered. Finally the paper shows how complete solutions can be obtained by similar methods for the case of spoked and trussed rings under loads at the joints.
Measurement of Latent Heat by the Gas-Current Method
Authors: Goff J. A. , Hunter J. B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The gas-current method of measuring latent heat appears to possess important advantages over other calorimetric methods. Preliminary results have been derived from a co-operative investigation carried out by the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers and the Towne Scientific School, University of Pennsylvania, in which sufficiently reliable values of the interaction constant for air-and-water-vapor mixtures have been determined to permit an adequate thermodynamic analysis of the gas-current method. The present paper is devoted to the development of this analysis and its application to the reduction of certain experimental data recently obtained by one of the authors. The apparatus and method of conducting the experiments are also described.
Harmonic Coefficients of Engine Torque Curves
Authors: Porter Frederic P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Engine torque curves depend upon the combined effects of gas pressures, inertia forces, and weights. Tables for the harmonic coefficients of the torque due to inertia and weight effects are given for a wide range of crank-to-connecting-rod ratios. Families of indicator diagrams, representative of various types of engines, are shown and tables of the harmonic coefficients of the resulting torques are given. The types of engines considered are two-cycle gas, semi-Diesel, single-acting Diesel, double-acting Diesel, two-shaft opposed-piston Diesel, and four-cycle gasoline and Diesel engines.
A Principle of Maximum Plastic Resistance
Authors: Sadowsky M. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Heretofore a complete determination of stresses in a plastic body has been dependent upon a successful analysis of deformation in plastic flow, the method of computation being essentially based on Nadai’s stress-strain relations. The principle of maximum plastic resistance, as introduced in this paper, establishes a new method of computation of stresses only, without any explicit reference to deformation. Formally, the principle is progressive, since it supplies equations sufficient for solution; intrinsically and physically, the principle treats the plastic body as a reacting medium automatically producing maximum values of resultant reaction. Combined plastic tension, torsion, and inner pressure (in a boiler) are chosen as cases in which to apply the principle. The results are condensed in the relative diagram accompanying the paper.
Methylene blue for vasoplegic syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Perdhana Fajar , Kloping Nabila A , Witarto Andro P , Nugraha David , Yogiswara Niwanda , Luke Kevin , Kloping Yudhistira P , Rehatta Nancy M 
Published: March 2021

Background To evaluate the benefit of methylene blue as an adjunct treatment by assessing hemodynamic, morbidity rate, intensive care unit length of stay, and mortality rate outcomes in adult patients with vasoplegic syndrome. Methods A systematic search through electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Medline for studies assessing the use of methylene blue in patients with vasoplegic syndrome compared to control treatments. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool was used for observational studies, and Jadad Scale was used for controlled trials to assess the risk of bias. Results This systematic review included six studies for qualitative synthesis and five studies for quantitative synthesis. Pooled analysis revealed that mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, and hospital stay were not statistically significant in methylene blue administration compared to control. However, administration of methylene blue in vasoplegic syndrome patients significantly reduces renal failure (OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.08–0.75), development of multiple organ failure (OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.02–0.51), and mortality rate (OR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.03–0.46). Conclusion Adjunct administration of methylene blue for vasoplegic syndrome patients significantly reduces renal failure, multiple organ failure, and mortality.