Genesis of Antibiotic Resistance (AR) XXXI Mechanism(s) to Mitigate the Particulate Matter (PM) induced dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance (AR)‐human pathogens (AR‐HuP) Consequential Antibiotic Resistance Pandemic (ARP)
Authors: Fuentes Liliana , Balino Armando , Cervantes Karla , Fernandez Alayza , De Los Santos Ludwig , Espinoza Ivan , Villarreal Diego , Huerta Jose , Pointdexter Ursula , Munoz‐Chacon Jesus E. , Theiss Savanna , Kannan Subburaj 
Published: June 2021

Antibiotics (Ab), antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and bovine gastrointestinal and commensal bacteria (BGCB) have been detected and quantified in the airborne PM emitted from beef cattle feed yards (PM‐FY) (Environmental Health Perspectives. 123(4)337–343). Through the pathogenicity of BGCB detected in the PM‐FY, correlation of PM‐FY induced infectious diseases (morbidity/mortality data) across the globe (Clinical Infectious Diseases 33(3):364–9 September 2001; Environmental science & technology. 2014; 48(14):7825–32. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015; 112(18):5649–54. PLoS Medicine13(3):e1001974 · March 2016; BMC Infectious Diseases 17(1):207 · March 2017; ) and central plains of the United States by CDC&P, are truant, a hypothetical scheme is presented to limit the impact of emerging PM‐FY mediated AR‐HuP induced ARP, is presented. Determine the pathogenicity of bacteria derive from PM‐FY, obtain the ARG sequence from PM‐FY derived pathogenic bacteria, determine the sequence similarity, define/refine the common ARG motif (CARGM) across the spectrum of AR‐HuP, with the antibiotic‐resistant human pathogens (AR‐HuP). Determine the culture sensitivity of the BGCB; generate the antibiogram, subsequently followed by the Antibiotic Time Out (ATO). Consequently, generate and implement an antibiotic treatment therapy plan minimizing the polypharmacy. Taken together, this approach shall eventually mitigate the PM‐FY derived BGCB –AR‐HuP induced ARP. For early detection of the ARP, CARGM could be utilized as a diagnostic instrument in the clinical screening across the globe. This would enable the timely detection of the spread of AR‐HuP in real time with reasonable specificity in terms of county, city, state and region, country, and continent, to determine the endemic, epidemic and pandemic patterns of emerging specific infectious diseases. Systematic universal implementation of the aforesaid protocol would plausibly minimize the horizontal/lateral transfer (Res Microbiol. 2015 Sep;166(7):594–600; Front Microbiol. 2016 Feb 19;7:173; Chemosphere. 2016 May;150:702–14 ; Crit Rev Microbiol. 2016;42(1):17–30; Front Microbiol. 2016 Dec 15;7:1983.) of ARG to nonpathogenic commensal microbes. Synchronizing the standards of antibiotics use in the food animal production in U.S along with the rest of the world where strict/limitation of antibiotics usage is successfully implemented would further enhance the chances of success in this endeavor (Global Health. 2013 Oct 16; 9:48; Kimberly Ann Elliott, Charles Kenny, and Janeen Madan. 2017. “A Global Treaty to Reduce Antimicrobial Use in Livestock.” http://www.cgdev.org/publication/global‐treaty‐reduce‐antimicrobial‐use‐livestock). Calves are imported from Mexico for food animal production in Texas (Parts) where the antibiotics used in food animal production remain a speculation. With a unifying universal regulatory guideline adopted on AB usage in food animal production, it is likely that interweaving ecological interactions that govern the spread of antibiotic resistance shall be eliminated or minimized. Furthermore, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes through human travel or trading of animal products between nations may make instituted regulatory policies of some countries less effective. Taken together, mitigation of impending AR‐HuP induced ARP is still a resounding goal before it floors a path for sixth mass extinction, provided it is a concerted global effort.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Professional Development Funds by SWTJC to Subburaj KannanThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.