bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise do ambiente educacional de uma escola médica brasileira à luz das demandas do ensino remoto
Authors: Serra Sandra Torres , Taquette Stella Regina , Rodrigues Nadia Cristina Pinheiro , Corrêa Letícia Moraes , Bteshe Mariana 
Published: December 2021

A necessidade de distanciamento social provocou impactos na formação médica, que já sofria processo de mudanças. Com a adoção do ensino remoto, ocasionada pela pandemia da Covid-19, as escolas médicas revisaram práticas educativas e a relação professor-aluno em novos cenários. Nosso objetivo é analisar o ambiente educacional de um curso de graduação de medicina contextualizando-o à nova realidade, identificando aspectos do curso que devem ser revistos para favorecer as transformações necessárias. Aplicamos questionários sociodemográficos e Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) a alunos do primeiro, terceiro e sexto anos do curso de medicina de uma universidade pública brasileira entre agosto e novembro de 2019. Os alunos avaliaram negativamente o ambiente educacional, sendo aspectos concernentes à motivação, uso inadequado do tempo, incentivo à educação permanente percebidos como pouco estimulados e que precisam ser melhorados, objetivos pedagógicos pouco esclarecidos e professores autoritários. Na análise dos dados destacamos as percepções dos alunos sobre motivação e estímulo para aprender; relação professor-aluno; autonomia e estímulo à educação continuada; avaliação, e prática de feedback. Os resultados indicam que a adoção de metodologias de ensino centradas no professor não favorece a participação ativa do aluno e não o encoraja à construção do conhecimento. A modalidade remota de ensino exige ressignificar práticas educativas e lugares ocupados por professores e alunos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Atividades de aprimoramento docente, revisão dos métodos de ensino e de avaliação, e maior participação de alunos e professores nos processos de mudança são necessárias.
Study of the effect of using a hard toothbrush with a high abrasive toothpaste according to profilometry data
Authors: Razumova S. N. , Kozlova Y. S. , Brago А. S. , Razumov N. M. , Glybina T. A. 
Published: December 2021

Compliance with oral hygiene is an important aspect of the prevention of dental diseases. But an uncontrolled choice, the use of improperly selected home hygiene products can lead to a number of complications, for example hyperesthesia of dentin. An important aspect of the choice of home hygiene products is their effect on the hard tissues of the tooth.Aim. To study in the experiment the effect of a hard toothbrush with a high level of abrasiveness of a toothpaste on the change in the enamel surface according to profilometry data.Materials and methods. Using the device for cleaning teeth, a study was carried out on the roughness of the surface if the enamel of the sample. In research were used the first 3 molars removed for periodontal indications, of which 3 samples of 1×1 cm were prepared. The measurements were carried out using a Senso neox profilometer (Sensofar) with a 3D magnification of 150 at the following time intervals: initial condition of the tooth, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year.Conclusion. When using a hard toothbrush together in combination with a highly abrasive paste, the optimal combination time is not more than 6 months. Further, there is an increase in roughness of enamel surface.
The use of Kollapan in the treatment of periodontal diseases
Authors: Ivaschenko A. V. , Yablokov A. E. , Kolganov I. N. , Shcherbakov M. V. , Bazhutova I. V. , Yablokova A. E. , Chigarina S. E. , Nesterov A. M. 
Published: December 2021

Relevance. Before starting the therapeutic treatment of various periodontal diseases, it should be clearly understood that a high-quality treatment is possible only with complex therapy, excluding local irritating adverse factors in the oral cavity, elimination of inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues, as well as violations of its function. One of the main tasks of the treatment of periodontal diseases is the preservation of the dentition with a single functional system.Purpose – to assess the use of the drug Kollapan in tooth extraction and treatment of periodontitis.Materials and methods. The clinical observation group consisted of 40 patients aged 19 to 65 years. The gender ratio was 3 : 2 (60% men, 40% women). The largest percentage of patients (65%) came to the clinic with complex tooth extraction. The remaining 35% – with generalized periodontitis of moderate and mild severity.Results. Clinical observation showed that in the first group of patients, whose therapy included the use of Collapan, after a complex tooth extraction, physiological healing of the hole was observed, the disappearance of inflammation within 24–36 hours after the surgery
Dental status of geriatric patients with disorder of cognitive functions and their medical and social characteristics
Authors: Podkhvatilina A. S. , Kozhokar A. S. , Margaryan E. G. , Kadzhoyan A. G. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: analysis of medical and social characteristics and assessment of the dental status of geriatric patients with cognitive impairment.Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry. We analyzed the responses and laboratory results of 43 patients aged 60–92 years. The main methods used in the study were: questioning (Fox test), sialometry, saliva pH determination, microbiological analysis (of the upper respiratory tract) for fungal microflora.Results obtained showed that an objective study of the secretory function of the salivary glands according to the method of M.M. Pozharitskaya found that the average rate was 0.2 ± 0.004 ml/min, and the average saliva pH was 5.7 ± 0.04. The medical and social portrait of a geriatric patient indicates that mainly patients with impaired cognitive functions seeking dental treatment and prophylaxis were women, whose average age was 76.03 ± 2.8 years, as a rule, they were representatives of the humanitarian and natural-scientific professions, 75% are married. According to the results of the Fox test, it was found that 60% of patients complained of dry mouth of a different nature. The perception of dry mouth was statistically significantly dependent on gender (P = 0.025) and the presence of chronic diseases (P = 0.004). Women (OR = 1.17, P = 0.026) with chronic diseases (OR = 2.97, P = 0.002) were more likely to suffer from dry mouth.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Plasma Galectin 3 in HFrEF Related to the Etiology of Heart Failure
Authors: Lu Qun , Zhang Ruo-Chen , Chen Shu-Ping , Li Tao , Wang Ya , Xue Yan-Bo , Liu Jing , Han Xiu , Su Yi-Dan , Bai Ling , Du Xiao-Jun , Ma Ai-Qun 
Published: December 2021

Aim:The aim of present study is to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma galectin 3 (Gal-3) for HF originating from different causes.Methods:We investigated the plasma levels and expression of Gal-3 in cardiac tissues in two transgenic (TG) strains of mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of either β2- adrenergic receptor (β2- AR TG) or Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1-TG) in the present study. Additionally, 166 patients suffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in two hospitals within the Shaanxi province were examined in this study. All these patients were treated according to the Chinese HF guidelines of 2014; subsequently, they were followed up for 50 months, and we analyzed the prediction value of baseline Gal-3 to endpoints in these patients.Results:Gal-3 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cardiomyocytes, often formed aggregates in Mst1-TG mice. Extracellular Gal-3 staining was uncommon in Mst1-TG hearts. However, in β2-AR TG mice, although Gal-3 was also expressed in myocardial cells, it was more highly expressed in interstitial cells (e.g., fibroblasts and macrophages). Plasma Gal-3 was comparable between nTG and Mst1-TG mice. However, plasma Gal-3 was higher in β2-AR TG mice than in nTG mice. In the cohort of HFrEF patients, the median plasma Gal-3 concentration was 158.42 pg/mL. All participants were divided into two groups according to Gal-3 levels. Patients with Gal-3 concentrations above the median were older, and had lower plasma hemoglobin, but higher plasma creatinine, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-systolic volumes (LVESV) and end-diastolic, as well as left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Gal-3 was positively correlated with TIMP-1 (r= 0.396,P&lt; 0.001), LVESV (r= 0.181,P= 0.020) and LVEDV (r= 0.190,P= 0.015). The 50-month clinical follow-up revealed 43 deaths, 97 unplanned re-hospitalizations, and 111 composite endpoint events. Cox analysis demonstrated that although Gal-3 did not provide any prognostic value in either total-HF subjects or coronary-heart-disease (CHD) patients, it did provide prognostic value in non-CHD patients.Conclusion:Although plasma Gal-3 is associated with TIMP-1 and echocardiographic parameters, the diagnostic and prognostic value of Gal-3 in HFrEF is determined by the etiology of HF.
Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation With Different Sequential Levels on Lower Extremity Hemodynamics
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Zhang Yujia , Wang Yinfen , Xu Xiuli , Jin Jing , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Wei , Wei Wenbin , Zhong Chubin , Wu Guifu 
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate acute hemodynamics of lower extremities during enhanced external counterpulsation with a three-level sequence at the hips, thighs, and calves (EECP-3), two-level sequence at the hips and thighs (EECP-2), and single leg three-level sequence (EECP-1).Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited in this study to receive a 45-min EECP intervention. Blood flow spectrums in the anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and dorsalis pedis artery were imaged by Color Doppler ultrasound. Mean flow rate (FR), area, pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean flow velocity (MV), and systolic maximum acceleration (CCAs) were sequentially measured and calculated at baseline during EECP-3, EECP-1, and EECP-2.Results: During EECP-3, PI, PSV, and MV in the anterior tibial artery were significantly higher, while EDV was markedly lower during EECP-1, EECP-2, and baseline (all P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, ACCs were significantly elevated during EECP-3 compared with baseline. Moreover, FR in the anterior tibial artery was significantly increased during EECP-3 compared with baseline (P = 0.048). During EECP-2, PI and MV in the dorsalis pedis artery were significantly higher and lower than those at baseline, (both P &lt; 0.05). In addition, FR was markedly reduced during EECP-2 compared with baseline (P = 0.028). During EECP-1, the area was significantly lower, while EDV was markedly higher in the posterior tibial artery than during EECP-1, EECP-2, and baseline (all P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, FR of the posterior tibial artery was significantly reduced compared with baseline (P = 0.014).Conclusion: Enhanced external counterpulsation with three-level sequence (EECP-3), EECP-2, and EECP-1 induced different hemodynamic responses in the anterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis artery, and posterior tibial artery, respectively. EECP-3 acutely improved the blood flow, blood flow velocity, and ACCs of the anterior tibial artery. In addition, EECP-1 and EECP-2 significantly increased the blood flow velocity and peripheral resistance of the inferior knee artery, whereas they markedly reduced blood flow in the posterior tibial artery.
Assessment of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score for the Prediction of Death in Elderly Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wu Yangxun , Wang Guanyun , Dong Lisha , Qin Liu'an , Li Jian , Yan Hengming , Guo Wenjie , Feng Xiaodong , Zou Yuting , Wang Ziqian , Du Rina , Zhang Yuxiao , Ma Jing , Yin Tong 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist and lead to a much higher risk of mortality in the elderly population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CHA2DS2-VASc score could predict the risk of death in elderly patients with CAD and AF.Methods: Hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years with a diagnosis of CAD and AF were recruited consecutively. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to the CHA2DS2-VASc score (≤2, =3, =4, =5, and ≥6). At least a 1-year follow-up was carried out for the assessment of all-cause death.Results: A total of 1,579 eligible patients were recruited, with 582 all-cause deaths (6.86 per 100 patient-years) occurring during a follow-up of at least 1 year. With the increase in the CHA2DS2-VASc score, the 1-year and 5-year survival rate decreased (96.4% vs. 95.7% vs. 94.0% vs. 86.5% vs. 85.7%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001; 78.4% vs. 68.9% vs. 64.6% vs. 55.5% vs. 50.0%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with the patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score &lt;5, for patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥5, the adjusted hazard ratio for death was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.45–2.18, P &lt; 0.001). The predictive values of the CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥5 for in-hospital (C-index = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.62–0.69, P &lt; 0.001), 1-year (C-index = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.63–0.67, P &lt; 0.001) and 5-year (C-index = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.59–0.61, P &lt; 0.001) death were in comparable.Conclusion: In elderly patients with concomitant CAD and AF, the CHA2DS2-VASc score can be used to predict death with moderate accuracy.
Effect of Fin Number and Position on Non-linear Characteristics of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Internally Finned Horizontal Annulus
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Liangbi 
Published: December 2021

Detailed numerical calculations are performed for investigating the effect of fin number and position on unsteady natural convection heat transfer in internally finned horizontal annulus. The SIMPLER algorithm with Quick scheme is applied for solving the Navier Stokes equations of flow and heat transfer. The results show that the heat transfer rate in annulus with fins increases with the increasing numbers of fin and Rayleigh numbers. For Ra = 2 × 105, the effect of numbers of fins and fins position at the bottom part on the unsteady solutions can be neglected, because the self-oscillation phenomenon is mainly affected by natural convection at the upper part of annulus. Although the fin positions cannot increase heat transfer rate significantly in the case of four fins, the self-oscillated solutions can be suppressed by altering fins position.
Association of αENaC p. Ala663Thr Gene Polymorphism With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Chen Jialei , He Jing , Luo Jing , Zhong Shixun 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is still unknown. It has been demonstrated that normal endolymph metabolism is essential for inner ear function and that epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) may play an important role in the regulation of endolymphatic Na+. This study aimed to explore the potential association between αENaC p. Ala663Thr gene polymorphism and SSNHL.Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to examine the genotype and allele frequency of the αENaC p. Ala663Thr polymorphism in 20 cases of low-frequency SSNHL (LF-SSNHL), 19 cases of high-frequency SSNHL (HF-SSNHL), 31 cases of all frequency SSNHL (AF-SSNHL), 42 cases of profound deafness SSNHL (PD-SSNHL), and 115 normal controls.Results: The T663 allele was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of LF-SSNHL (p = 0.046, OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.01–4.62). The TT genotype and T663 allele, on the other hand, conferred a protective effect for PD-SSNHL (AA vs. TT: p = 0.012, OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.08–0.74; A vs. T: p = 0.001, OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.21–0.61). However, there was no statistically significant difference in genotype or allele frequency between the two groups (HF-SSNHL and AF-SSNHL) and the control group.Conclusion: The αENaC p. Ala663Thr gene polymorphism plays different roles in different types of SSNHL.
Evaluation of Cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 Expression in Pterygium Tissue Following Preoperative Intralesional Ranibizumab Injection
Authors: Omar Ahmad Razif , Ibrahim Mohtar , Jaafar Hasnan , Siti-Azrin Ab Hamid , Zunaina Embong 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and p53 are the postulated aetiopathogenesis in pterygium. VEGF is responsible for the induction of COX-2 expression, whereas p53 plays an important role in the regulation of VEGF. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemistry of COX-2 and p53 expressions from excised pterygium tissue from patients who received intralesional ranibizumab (anti-VEGF) injection 2 weeks prior to pterygium surgery.Materials and Methods: An interventional comparative study involving patients presenting with primary pterygium was conducted between September 2015 and November 2017. The patients were randomized into either the intervention or control group. Patients in the intervention group were injected with intralesional ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 ml) 2 weeks prior to surgery. Both groups underwent pterygium excision followed by conjunctival autograft. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate COX-2 and p53 expressions in the excised pterygium tissue.Results: A total of 50 patients (25 in both the intervention and control groups) were recruited. There were 34 (68%) patients with grade III pterygium and 16 (32%) patients with grade IV pterygium. There was statistically significant difference in reduction of COX-2 expression in the epithelial layer [84.0% (95% CI: 63.9, 95.5)] (p = 0.007) and stromal layer [84.0% (95% CI: 63.9, 95.5)] (p &lt; 0.001) between intervention and control groups. There was no significant difference in the reduction of p53 expression between the two groups.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the possible use of intralesional anti-VEGF treatment prior to pterygium excision as a potential future modality of adjunctive therapy for pterygium surgery.
Serum Sodium Concentration and Increased Risk for Primary Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Xue Can Can , Cui Jing , Zhu Xiao Bo , Xu Jie , Zhang Chun , Chen Dong Ning , Wang Ya Xing , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: December 2021

Aims: To examine the prevalence of primary epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and associated systemic factors.Methods: The cross-sectional, community-based Tongren Health Care Study enrolled participants who received regular health examinations in the Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Using fundus photographs, retinal specialists assessed the presence of ERMs and their systemic associations.Results: Primary ERMs were detected in 841/22820 individuals, with a prevalence of 3.7% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.4–3.9%] in the total study population (mean age: 44.5 ± 13.8 years) and 6.5% (95% CI: 6.1–7.0%) in individuals aged 40+ years. In multivariable analysis, a higher ERMs prevalence was associated with older age [odds ratio (OR): 1.10; P &lt; 0.001], higher serum cholesterol concentration (OR: 1.14; P = 0.003) and higher serum sodium concentration (SSC) (OR: 1.12; P &lt; 0.001). In women, a higher SSC, even within the normal range, was associated with an increased risk of ERMs (OR: 1.19; P &lt; 0.001). Female participants with an SSC of 144–145mmol/L as compared with those with an SSC of 135–137 mmol/L had a 5-fold increased odds of having ERMs (All women: OR: 5.33; P &lt; 0.001; Women aged 40+years: OR: 4.63; P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Besides older age and higher serum cholesterol concentration, a higher SSC, even if within the normal range, was independently associated with a higher ERM prevalence in women.
Predictors of Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Exercise Impairment After COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Vonbank Karin , Lehmann Antje , Bernitzky Dominik , Gysan Maximilian Robert , Simon Stefan , Schrott Andrea , Burtscher Martin , Idzko Marco , Gompelmann Daniela 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting individuals to varying degrees. There is emerging evidence that even patients with mild symptoms will suffer from prolonged physical impairment.Methods: In this prospective observational study, lung function, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing have been performed in 100 patients for 3–6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis (post-CoVG). Depending on the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, patients were divided into asymptomatic, or mild to moderate (mild post-CoVG), and severe post-CoVG [hospitalization with or without intensive care unit/non-invasive ventilation (ICU/NIV)]. Results have been compared with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched control group (CG, N = 50).Results: Both lung function (resting) and exercise capacity (peak workload, Wpeak and peak oxygen uptake, VO2 peak - % predicted) were considerably affected in patients with severe post-CoV (81.7 ± 27.6 and 86.1 ± 20.6%), compared to the mild post-CoVG (104.8 ± 24.0%, p = 0.001 and 100.4 ± 24.8; p = 0.003). In addition, also the submaximal exercise performance was significantly reduced in the severe post-CoVG (predicted VT1/VO2 peak; p = 0.013 and VT2/VO2 peak; p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that 74 % (adjusted R2) of the variance in relative VO2 peak of patients who had CoV could be explained by the following variables: lower age, male sex, lower BMI, higher DLCO, higher predicted heart rate (HR) peak, lower breathing reserve (BR), and lower SaO2 peak, which were related to higher relative VO2 peak values. Higher NT-proBNP and lower creatinine kinase (CK) values were seen in severe cases compared to patients who experienced mild CoV.Discussion: Maximal and submaximal exercise performance in patients recovering from severe COVID-19 remain negatively affected for 3–6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. The presented findings reveal that impaired pulmonary, cardiac, and skeletal muscle function contributed to the limitation of VO2 peak in those patients, which may have important implications on rehabilitation programs.