bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Genitic Variability, Cause Effect and Interrelationship among Yield Components in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Swathi Kodam , Lal Gabrial M. 
Published: September 2021

The present investigation consists of 26 genotypes of Chickpea including one check, which were grown in the Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj during Rabi 2020 following RBD with three replications. The data were recorded on 11 characters. Assessment of genetic variability, cause effect and interrelationship among yield components in chickpea. High significant variation was obtained for all characters studied. High GCV and PCV in chickpea germplasm were observed for Total no of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, biological yield, seed yield. High estimate of heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for No. of primary branches, No. of secondary branches, Total no of pods per plant, No. of effective pods per plant, biological yield, Seed yield per plant, Harvest index, Seed index. High values for heritability indicates that it may be due to higher contribution of genotypic components. Traits exhibiting high heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean suggest that the traits are governed by additive gene action, equal contribution of additive and non-additive gene action respectively. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield per plant exhibited positive and significant association with Biological yield per plant, Harvest index and plant height at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield per plant exhibited positive and significant association with Biological yield per plant, Harvest index and plant height at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path analysis revealed that characters plant height, number of primary branches, biological yield and harvest index have positive direct effect on seed yield per plant at genotypic and phenotypic level.
Histopathological Aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania-Major in Libya
Authors: Sharfuldeen Safa , Annajar Badereddin , Al-Dwibe Hamida , Zubi Said El- , Benjama Ahmeda 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To describes the histopathological characteristics of skin lesions from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in northwestern Libya and correlate with clinical presentation.
Study Design: case series study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried on patients referred by the region's healthcare institutions and those presented at the Tripoli Central Hospital or the Libyan National Centre for Disease Control between July 2017 to January 2018.
Methodology: The study included 38 patients, aged between 1-73 years, of both sexes, and came from 18 endemic areas in North-Western of Libya. The inclusion criteria were clinical symptoms and microscopic visualization of the parasite on a Giemsa-stained skin smear, in addition, clinical by the slit and smear technique, polymerase chain reaction for L. major. In addition, statistical analysis was conducted for the Histopathological examination.
Results: The study found that 36 (94%) of the cases studied were positive by the slit and smear technique, and 32 (88.9%) were positive by PCR for L. major. Five histopathological patterns were observed: (i) diffuse cellular reaction without necrosis (25%); (ii) diffuse cellular reaction with necrosis (31.3%); (iii) exudative and necrotic granulomatous reaction (25%); (iv) exudative granulomatous reaction without necrosis (9.3%); (v) exudative-tuberculoid reaction with typical tuberculoid granuloma (organized) (9.3%). Inflammatory cellular infiltration ranged from mild to severe. Lymph plasmacytosis and lymph histiocytosis were predominant (34.4% and 21.7%, respectively). Necrosis was diffuse or local. The clinical features were correlated with this histological pattern. Epidermal changes included acanthosis, exocytosis, spongiosis, hyperkeratosis, and atrophy.
Conclusion: The histopathological changes observed in CL caused by L. major in North-Western of Libya are characterized by an intense diffuse inflammatory reaction in the dermis with the predominance of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Overall, the granulomatous presentation was the main one. Various clinical forms, including papule, plaque, erythematous nodule with hemorrhagic crust, or violaceous nodule with adherent crust and ulcerated nodule, are significantly correlated with the histopathological stages, whereas disease progression could be related to age. The histopathological diagnosis of CL caused by L. major has a sensitivity of 78% relative to PCR.
Factors Associated with Perceived Stressors among Critical Care Units Adult Patients: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Rahane Swapnil , Patel Roma , Chouhan Devrajsingh 
Published: September 2021

The critical care unit environment has been observed as a leading stressor not only amongst the health care professionals but in patients also. Unfamiliar surroundings, dependency on others, financial problems, etc. are among factors that are responsible for the development of stress in the patients admitted to the critical care units. Stress and its factors are also responsible for the patient's deliberate recovery and depraved prognosis. In this study, we explored the association between selective factors and perceived stressors among adult patients admitted to critical care units. A quantitative, exploratory research design study was conducted, to identify the association between the perceived stressors and selected factors of adult patients admitted in Critical Care Units of the selected multispecialty hospitals at Vadodara. A total of sixty patients admitted to the critical care departments were selected through the convenience sampling technique. A demographic variables datasheet and hospitals stress rating interview scale was used after the expert’s content validation to collect the data. Analysis and interpretation of data were done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Study findings revealed that all the patients, who were interviewed through the hospital stress interview scale, expressed the perception of stressors as indicated by the total perceived stressors score of above (1%). The study also revealed that separation from family members or spouses and financial problems are the highly rated perceived stressors among the patients admitted to the critical care unit. Patients also reported the least perceived stressful area was the problem with medication. There was a significant association between the socioeconomic status and medical-surgical diagnosis of patients with perceived stressors.
Conclusion: Therefore, the findings of the study concluded that the study, patients admitted in the critical care department also suffer from stress due to some stressors, and it affects their prognosis and early recovery. Nursing professionals need to focus on the subjective characteristics of patients so that perceived stressors and early detection of the related complication can be prevented.
A Study on Reading Habits of Primary School Children in Lhuentse District
Authors: Tshering Karma 
Published: September 2021

The issue of reading, especially book reading has received much attention from different quarters in recent times because of the downward trend it is experiencing, especially among the young generation. The researcher realized that student's reading culture particularly developing reading habits were observed to be very poor. Students neither acquired skills of reading nor develop habits of reading. These experiences and observations have motivated me to carry out research to enhance reading skills in reading and promote reading habits for children.
This research is to study on Reading Habits of Primary School children under the Lhuentse District. Reading habit and its impact on children of the respondents have been analyzed to find out how reading habit is affected by various elements. Based on the findings of a questionnaires-based survey, the paper also attempts to put forward some suggestions for improving the reading habits of the children.
Tuning Composition of Multicomponent Surface Nanodroplets in a Continuous Flow‐In System
Authors: You Jae Bem , Lohse Detlef , Zhang Xuehua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDroplets are excellent platforms for compartmentalization of many processes such as chemical reactions, liquid–liquid extraction, and biological or chemical analyses. Accurately controlling and optimizing the composition of these droplets is of high importance to maximize their functionality. In this work, the formation of multicomponent droplets with controllable composition by employing a continuous flow‐in setup is demonstrated. Multiple streams of different oil solutions are introduced and mixed in a passive flow mixer and the outcoming mixture is subsequently fed into a flow chamber to form surface nanodroplets by solvent exchange. This method is time‐effective, enabling programmable continuous processes for droplet formation and surface cleaning. The surface nanodroplets are formed within 2.5 min in one cycle, and the droplet formation is reliable with similar size distribution over multiple cycles. The composition of the resulting surface nanodroplet can be tuned at will simply by controlling the flow rate ratios of each stream of the oil solution. Using fluorescence imaging, it is shown that the composition of the binary surface nanodroplets agrees well with theoretical values predicted using the phase diagram.
Sacrificial Reagent Free Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution over CeF3/α‐FeOOH Nanohybrid
Authors: Han Bing , Lou Yunchao , Liu Zhe , Zhou Chutong , Wang Zhiyu , Qian Guodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater oxidation is a crucial step in photocatalytic water splitting, but it still remains a great challenge for its complex four‐electron process. Herein, uniform CeF3/α‐FeOOH nanohybrids are synthesized by one‐step hydrothermal process. The obtained CeF3/α‐FeOOH nanohybrids exhibit a significantly high photocatalytic oxygen‐evolution activity with sacrifice reagent free. The optimal CeF3/α‐FeOOH‐400 nanohybrid reaches a remarkable rate up to 4702.5 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 2.6 times higher than that of CeF3/α‐FeOOH‐0 nanohybrid. The recycling experiments further indicate its potential in oxygen evolution. The metal‐like α‐FeOOH may improve the electron transfer, act as electron collection to store the electron transferred from CeF3, and suppress the recombination of electron–hole pairs in CeF3 effectively. This work provides an insight into the construction of effective photocatalysts with improved charge separation for overall water splitting.
Hollow Carbon Nanoballs on Graphene as Metal‐Free Catalyst for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Begum Halima , Ahmed Mohammad Shamsuddin , Jung Seunghun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA great deal of research effort has been dedicated for designing an efficient bifunctional metal‐free carbon catalyst for electrochemical water splitting, however, it remains challenging to introduce multiactive sites into a single catalyst. Herein, a series of bifunctional catalysts is designed that exploit intramolecular reorientation of nitrogen atom within the hollow nanoball from polyacrylonitrile on graphene through thermal treatment to achieve covalent doping. The as synthesized hollow carbon nanoballs on graphene (HCNB@G) catalysts have huge defective edges and microporous channels and contain a high density of electroactive graphitic‐N and pyridinic‐N as dual‐active sites. As a result, the optimized HCNB@G‐700 enhances electrocatalytic activities for both oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) in 1.0 m KOH by generating 217 and 108 mV overpotential to gain a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. This remarkable electrocatalytic activity mainly originates from the appropriate combination of suitable nitrogen active sites and edge defects with microchannels that not only facilitate the penetration of electrolyte but also improve the stability of the HCNB@G. In addition, the superior conductivity and high surface area of HCNB@G boost electrocatalytic activity by supporting efficient charge transport and enabling rapid mass diffusion with gas release, respectively.
The Agricultural Conservation Planning Framework: Opportunities and challenges in the eastern United States
Authors: Duncan Jonathan M. , Respess Zachary , Ryan William , Austin Robert , Royer Matthew , Osmond Deanna , Kleinman Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Agriculture Conservation Planning Framework (ACPF) applies high‐spatial resolution soils and topographic data, now available for many areas of the United States, to precisely locate opportunities for the placement of conservation practices in agricultural watersheds. Application of the ACPF, developed in midwestern landscapes, to watersheds in the eastern United States represents both opportunity and challenge to conservation planning. Based on experience in applying ACPF to eight watersheds in the eastern United States, from Vermont to North Carolina, we assess the toolbox's application in the eastern United States through the lens of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis framework. We see a great future for the ACPF, but its adoption and utility require interaction with scientists and conservation planners familiar with the region to avoid misapplication and ensure appropriate adaptation and interpretation.
Artificial Astrocyte Memristor with Recoverable Linearity for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Cheng Caidie , Wang Yanghao , Xu Liying , Liu Keqin , Dang Bingjie , Lu Yingming , Yan Xiaoqin , Huang Ru , Yang Yuchao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic systems provide a potential solution for overcoming von Neumann bottleneck and realizing computing with low energy consumption and latency. However, the neuromorphic devices utilized to construct the neuromorphic systems always focus on artificial synapses and neurons, and neglected the important role of astrocyte cells. Here, an astrocyte memristor is demonstrated with encapsulated yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to emulate the function of astrocyte cells in biology. Due to the high oxygen vacancy concentration and resultant high ionic conductivity of YSZ, significantly lower forming and set voltages are achieved in the artificial astrocyte, along with high endurance (>1011). More importantly, the nonlinearity in current‐voltage characteristics that usually emerge as the testing cycle increases can be depressed in the astrocyte memristor, and the nonlinearity can also be reversed by applying a refresh operation, which implements the role of biological astrocyte in maintaining the normal activity of neurons. The recovery of linearity can dramatically improve the accuracy of Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset classification from 62.98% to 94.75% when the inputs are encoded in voltage amplitudes. The astrocyte memristor in this work with improved performance and linearity recovery characteristics can well emulate the function of astrocyte cells in biology and have great potential for neuromorphic computing.
Past, present, and future: Status of women and minority faculty in agricultural and applied economics
Authors: Hilsenroth Jana , Josephson Anna , Grogan Kelly A. , Walters Lurleen M. , Plakias Zoë T. , Palm‐Forster Leah H. , Banerjee Simanti , Wade Tara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs with many academic fields in the United States, white male faculty have historically been the norm in the agricultural and applied economics profession, but demographics in the field have started to shift over the past several decades. This paper presents descriptive evidence of the current and historical status of underrepresented and historically underserved groups in our profession, including white women and racial and ethnic minorities of all genders. It also provides a snapshot of perceptions of departmental climate, data on incidents of harassment and discrimination in our profession, motivations for switching academic institutions, and finally, data on strategies for retaining faculty from diverse groups.
Polymer‐based solid acid catalyst for the green production of diosgenin
Authors: Yuan Hui , Yu Xuejun , Jiang Wenxiu , Shen Bowei , Zhang Farong , Pan Zhiquan , Zhou Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel polymer‐based solid acid catalyst was prepared by free radical polymerization of N, N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and allyl sodium sulfonate (SAS), followed by acidifying of diluted hydrochloric acid. The prepared solid acid was fully characterized by FTIR, solid‐state 13C‐NMR, TGA, XPS, element analysis, and SEM. In addition, the prepared solid acid poly(MBA‐SAA) was used as a catalyst to extract diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright (DZW) under solvethermal condition using ethanol as a solvent. And the optimal conditions of temperature (104.02°C), alcoholysis time (5.87 h) and solid acid dosage (0.39 g), were obtained by response surface analysis based on the results of single factor experiments. The yield of diosgenin (14.53%) obtained in the alcoholysis is higher than that of the traditional sulfuric acid hydrolysis method. The alcoholysis products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and UV–vis, respectively. The results showed that the solid acid with higher catalytic activity and good reusability can replace sulfuric acid to extract diosgenin, which has a great potential for the clean production of diosgenin in industry.
Effect of methyl orange as the modifier on the mechanical, thermal, and thermo‐mechanical properties of clay/epoxy composites
Authors: Basturk Suat Bahar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, bentonite clay/epoxy composites were simply and successfully produced via conventional casting method for 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% filler content. Previously modified clay (surfactant and silane agent applied) was treated with methyl orange (MO) and its effects on composites were investigated in terms of crystallographic, thermal, thermo‐mechanical, morphologic, and topographic aspects as well as quasi‐static characteristics. According to XRD graphs, MO presence led to the increase of interlayer distance and resulted in partial intercalation for modified clay (MC) based mixture, while an opposite case was seen in neat clay (NC) blend. The 2 wt% MO/MC loaded composite achieved the highest tensile modulus, flexural stiffness, and hardness values among all samples—increase of 14%, 40%, and 3%, respectively. Same composite system exhibited improved results for both glass transition temperature (~7%↑) and storage modulus (~35%↑), in spite of insufficient thermal characteristics. Irregular particles/tactoids were present in the fracture images, which probably promoted the stress concentration and caused the reduction of strength parameter for all composites. Furthermore, independent of clay type (MC or NC) whole structures showed similar surface roughness values but different topographic textures in terms of surface profiles.
Biodiversity on sale: The shark meat market threatens elasmobranchs in Brazil
Authors: Merten Cruz Marcelo , Szynwelski Bruna Elenara , Ochotorena de Freitas Thales R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Elasmobranchs are apex predators that play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by regulating the dynamics of food webs, as well as connecting different trophic levels across habitats.
The large‐scale removal of elasmobranchs impacts the energy transfer in trophic interactions. The pressure of unsustainable fisheries is considerable, as most elasmobranchs have reproductive strategies that render them unable to recover their demographic status after depletion.
In Brazil, elasmobranchs are broadly commercialized under the generalist common name of ‘cação’ (namely, shark meat). This allows threatened species to be commercialized and makes the tracking of different species difficult.
DNA barcoding of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was applied to identify the different species sold as ‘cação’ along the coastline of Brazil. Fifty‐seven samples from 33 cities in 15 coastal states of Brazil were purchased and analysed.
Bioinformatic analyses revealed the presence of 17 species that were sold as ‘cação’. Among them, Prionace glauca (blue shark) was the most abundant. Other species, listed as Endangered under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, were also uncovered as being in the shark meat trade, such as Sphyrna lewini (scalloped hammerhead), Isurus paucus (longfin mako shark), and Squatina guggenheim (angular angel shark).
These findings have reinforced the necessity to correctly label the commercialized species. Public actions towards species‐specific management plans must be applied, as well as monitoring the supervised allied educational programmes.
Phylogeography and demographic inference of the endangered sei whale, with implications for conservation
Authors: Pérez‐Álvarez María José , Rodríguez Francisca , Kraft Sebastián , Segovia Nicolás , Olavarría Carlos , Baker C. Scott , Steel Debbie , Funahashi Naoko , Häussermann Verena , Ulloa Mauricio , Naretto Camilo , Poulin Elie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sei whale (Balaenopteraborealis) presents a disjointed geographic distribution. Significant genetic divergence between sei whales from the North Atlantic (NA) and North Pacific (NP) have been recorded; however, limited samples from the Southern Hemisphere (SH) have precluded a global analysis.The largest recorded mass mortality event occurred in Golfo de Penas, southern Chile, providing a primary source of SH samples. A global mitochondrial DNA phylogeographic study was undertaken including 111 SH samples (98 from Golfo de Penas), and new sequences from the NP.A marked phylogeographic structure was observed between the three ocean basins' populations, with the highest ΦSTvalues between NA–NP and NA–SH, and a lower but still significant value between SH–NP. This structure, and the haplotype distribution pattern, suggest a more recent separation between SH–NP and an absence of recurrent gene flow among all three populations. Only one potential migratory event was detected from SH to NA.These results support an ongoing phylogeographic differentiation between all populations, highlighting the identity of each and the importance of independent management. Therefore, each population should represent a separate management unit, which is important in the development of conservation strategies.Demographic analyses detected a recent reduction of population size in the SH and NA, but not in the NP. For all populations, estimated effective population sizes were higher than estimated census sizes. This suggests that most of the genetic diversity of pre‐whaling populations is still retained; however, continued reduction in population sizes could lead to future loss of genetic diversity.This study highlights the necessity of local protection and systematic monitoring of the Golfo de Penas sei whale population. In such a remote area the use of remote sensing techniques could be a cost‐effective option for evaluating the threat, periodicity and magnitude of mortalities and their effect on the local whale population. The integration of genetic and demographic approaches improves the understanding of the dynamics of populations, which is particularly useful in endangered species.