bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes from adipose mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Stanniocalcin-1 promote reendothelialization after carotid endarterium mechanical injury
Authors: Liu Kun , Shi Huihua , Peng Zhiyou , Wu Xiaoyu , Li Weimin , Lu Xinwu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a secreted glycoprotein that participates in the regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis. We investigated the reendothelialization effect of exosomes from adipose stem cells (ADSC) overexpressing STC-1 on injured carotid endarterium. ADSCs were transfected with lentivirus vectors containing pre-STC-1. PHK-26 as molecular probe was used to track the exosomes engulfed by mice arterial endothelial cells (MAEC). The role of STC-1-ADSC-Exosome (S-ADSC-Exo) in MAECs was verified through scratch test and tube forming. Expressions of STC-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Reendothelialization effect was inhibited by the antagonist of siRNA targeting STC-1. Carotid endarterium mechanical injury was induced by insertion with a guidewire into the common carotid artery lumen. Carotid arteries were harvested for histological examination, immunofluorescence staining, and Evan’s blue staining. Transfection of STC-1 significantly enhanced STC-1 levels in ADSCs, their exosomes, and MAECs. Compared with the control group and the ADSC-Exo group, STC-1 enriched exosomes markedly inhibited the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β in MAECs, exhibited good lateral migration capacity, and promoted angiogenesis. Administration of siRNA targeting STC-1 completely abolished down-regulation of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β by STC-1 and inhibited effects of S-ADSC-Exo on lateral migration and angiogenesis. In vivo administration of S-ADSC-Exo had reendothelialization effect on post-injury carotid endarterium as evidenced by thinner arterial wall, low-expressed NLRP3 inflammasome, and more living endothelial cells. The reendothelialization effect of exosomes from ADSCs on post-injury carotid endarterium can be enhanced by genetic modification to contain elevated STC-1.
Construction and comprehensive analysis of a ceRNA network to reveal potential prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Lei , Zhang Ling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

More and more studies have proven that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in cancer development via sponging miRNAs. However, the expression pattern of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely unclear. The current study explored functional roles and the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA as ceRNAs in LUAD and their potential impact on LUAD patient prognosis.
Methods

In this study, we systematically screened differential expression circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and mRNAs (DEGs) associated with LUAD. Then, DEcircRNAs, DEmiRNAs and DEGs were selected to construct a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA prognosis-related regulatory network based on interaction information from the ENCORI database. Subsequently, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the genes in the network to predict the potential underlying mechanisms and functions of circRNAs in LUAD. In addition, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes of LUAD patients, and drug sensitivity analysis was used to screen potential biomarkers for drug treatment of patients with LUAD.
Results

As a result, ten circRNAs were aberrantly expressed in LUAD tissues. The ceRNA network was built, which included 3 DEcircRNAs, 6 DEmiRNAs and 157 DEGs. The DEGs in the ceRNA network of hsa_circ_0049271 enriched in biological processes of cell proliferation and the Jak-STAT signaling pathway. We also detected 7 mRNAs in the ceRNA network of hsa_circ_0049271 that were significantly associated with the overall survival of LUAD patients (P < 0.05). Importantly, four genes (PDGFB, CCND2, CTF1, IL7R) identified were strongly associated with STAT3 activation and drugs sensitivity in GDSC.
Conclusions

In summary, a ceRNA network was successfully constructed, which including one circRNA, two miRNAs, and seven mRNAs. Seven mRNAs (PDGFB, TNFRSF19, CCND2, CTF1, IL11RA, IL7R and MAOA) were remarkably associated with the prognosis of LUAD patients. Among seven mRNA species, four genes (PDGFB, CCND2, CTF1, and IL7R) could be considered as drug targets in LUAD. Our research will provide new insights into the prognosis-related ceRNA network in LUAD.
Studying the Microbiome of Cyanobacterial Biocrusts From Drylands and Its Functional Influence on Biogeochemical Cycles
Authors: Miralles Isabel , Ortega Raúl , Montero-Calasanz Maria Carmen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Drylands are areas under continuous degradation and desertification largely covered by cyanobacterial biocrusts. Several studies have already shown that soil microorganisms play a fundamental role in the correct soil functioning. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship taxonomy-function in arid soils and, in particular, in cyanobacterial biocrusts. An in-depth study of the taxonomic composition and the functions carried out by soil microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles was here carried out by using a shotgun metagenomic approach. Results: Metagenomic analysis carried out in this study showed a high taxonomic and functional similarity in both incipient and mature cyanobacterial biocrusts types with a dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The predominant functional categories related to soil biogeochemical cycles were “carbon metabolism” followed by “phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, potassium and iron metabolism”. Reads involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and respiration were the most abundant functional classes. In the N cycle dominated “ammonia assimilation” and “Nitrate and nitrite ammonification”. The major taxonomic groups also seemed to drive phosphorus and potassium cycling by the production of organic acids and the presence of extracellular enzymes and specialised transporters. Sulfur assimilation was also predominantly led by actinobacteria via the acquisition of sulfur from organosulfonated compounds. The main strategy followed for iron uptake seemed to be the synthesis and release of siderophores, mostly derived from representatives of the genus Pseudomonas. Conclusions: The absence of significant differences between both type of biocrusts was suggested to be due to the identical habitat-specific characteristics, the inherent variability associated with metagenomic sampling and experimental design limitations. There is metabolic diversity of respiration processes over the photosynthesis, but a diverse group of microorganisms, predominantly Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were also involved in CO2 fixation metabolism. A preferential uptake of ammonium over nitrate as an economic strategy to avoid the high consumption of ATP was confirmed. Moreover, the functional redundancy presented by the microbial community was interpreted as a strategy to maintain the correct functioning of the soil biogeochemical cycles and therefore of the ecosystem in general. Evidence of sythrophic growth was nevertheless observed. Biotechnological potential as plant growth promoters was also identified.
Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study
Authors: Wang Qiao , Ma Jiahui , Li Zhenxing , Li Zhi , Huang Dong , Huang Yuzhao , Zhou Haocheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the susceptibility to the infection of herpes zoster (HZ). Less is known about the risk factors of HZ in CKD patients.Methods and Participants: This is a case-control study. CKD patients diagnosed with HZ infection between January 2015 and October 2020 in a tertiary hospital were identified. One age- and gender- matched control was paired for each case, matched to the date of initial HZ diagnose. The uni- and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors for development of HZ in CKD patients.Results: Forty-six HZ patients and controls were identified. In general, about 80% (72 out of 92) patients were classified at end-stage renal disease (ESRD, CKD Ⅳ to Ⅴ). Multivariate analyses revealed that immunosuppressive agents (odds ratio: 12.50, 95% CI: 1.53-102.26, P=0.021) and dialysis (odds ratio: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.13-9.78, P=0.029) were independent risk factors of HZ in patient with CKD. Conclusion: Immunosuppressive medication and dialysis were associated with HZ infection in CKD. Further guideline may highlight the necessity of zoster vaccine for patients with CKD, who undertake immunosuppressive or dialysis treatment.
What is the Evidence Globally for Culturally Safe Therapies to Improving Breast Cancer Outcomes for Indigenous Women in High Income Countries? A Systematic Review
Authors: Christie Vita , Green Deb , Amin Janaki , Pyke Christopher , Littlejohn Karen , Skinner John , McCowen Deb , Gwynne Kylie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer affecting Australian women, and the second largest cause of cancer death in Australian women. While the incidence of breast cancer is lower in Aboriginal women than non-Aboriginal women, the mortality rate for Aboriginal women is higher. There are a number of factors impacted by whether patient engagement and services are delivered in culturally safe manner that may contribute to this higher mortality rate.Objectives To systematically assess the evidence on whether cultural safety affects breast cancer outcomes with regards to screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow up care for Indigenous women in high income countries. Methods We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines of peer-reviewed articles in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest Sociology and Informit Rural health database and Indigenous collection databases. Key inclusion criteria were: adult female patients with breast cancer; high income country setting; outcome measure was uptake and level of satisfaction for women, including screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow up care. We developed a Community Engagement assessment tool in consultation with aboriginal researchers, based on the National Health and Medical Research Councils’ community engagement guidelines, against which studies were appraised. Thematic analysis of all 15 studies was also undertaken. ResultsA total of 15 were selected assessment of community engagement and the final 15 studies also underwent a thematic analysis. ConclusionThe literature provides evidence-based strategies that are likely to improve outcomes for Indigenous women with breast cancer in wealthy countries and clearly indicates that culture makes a positive difference. It is also clear that strong Indigenous community leadership and governance at all stages of the research including design is an imperative for feasibility. Prospero registration number: CRD42020193019
Regression QSAR Models for Predicting HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors
Authors: Xuan Christopher Ha Heng , Kion Lee Nung , Rahman Taufiq , San Hwang Siaw , Yam Wai Keat , Chee Xavier Wezen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic that has claimed 33 million lives to date. One of the most efficacious treatment for naïve or pre-treated HIV patients is with the HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). However, given that HIV treatment is lifelong, the emergence of HIV-1 strains resistant to INSTIs is an imminent challenge. In this work, we showed two best regression QSAR models that were constructed using a boosted Random Forest algorithm (r2 = 0.998, q210CV = 0.721, q2external_test = 0.754) and a boosted K* algorithm (r2 = 0.987, q210CV = 0.721, q2external_test = 0.758) to predict the pIC50 values of INSTIs. Subsequently, the regression QSAR models were deployed against the Drugbank database for drug repositioning. The top ranked compounds were further evaluated for their target engagement activity using molecular docking studies and their potential as INSTIs evaluated from our literature search. Our study offers the first example of a large-scale regression QSAR modelling effort for discovering highly active INSTIs to combat HIV infection.
Construcción de paz y ciudadanía. Entre la indiferencia y la memoria
Authors: Cossio Sepúlveda Diego León , Hincapié García Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo destaca el papel de la memoria en la formación ciudadana y la construcción de paz, para señalar su carácter formador. Su objetivo es demostrar que la indiferencia, como producto de la ausencia de memoria, es una forma de violencia; posible por condiciones históricas, culturales, simbólicas y materiales que configuran una subjetividad indiferente. Así, en primer lugar se realiza un acercamiento a los conceptos de violencia y conflicto para argumentar por qué la indiferencia es un tipo específico de violencia. En un segundo momento, se argumenta que la memoria edifica virtudes como la responsabilidad y la tolerancia, llamadas a ser la base de la formación de una ciudadanía para la paz. Finalmente, se establece el vínculo entre memoria y justicia, para sostener que sin justicia no hay paz.
Latest Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Optimization of Metabolic Syndrome Treatment
Authors: Arauna Diego , Vijayakumar Sekar , Durán-Lara Esteban 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Drug delivery systems such as hydrogels have become relevant in cardiovascular and metabolic therapies due to their sustained and controlled release properties of drugs, versatile polymer structures, safety and biodegradability.

Results:
The literature presented demonstrates that a hydrogel-based controlled release
system increases the therapeutic efficacy in different components of the metabolic syndrome.
Hypertension has been the most explored component with advances in in vitro
and murine models. However, clinical evidence in humans is scarce, and more translational
studies are needed. Hydrogel-based systems for diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia
have been little explored. Observations mainly demonstrated an increase in therapeutic efficacy,
in vitro and in vivo, for the use of insulin, leptin, and natural components, such as
epigallocatechin gallate. In all cases, the hydrogel systems achieve better plasma levels
of the loaded compound, higher bioavailability, and low cytotoxicity compared to conventional
systems. Also, the evidence existing suggests that the development of an injectable
hydrogel system for controlled release of drugs or therapeutic compounds is presented
as an attractive option for MeS treatment, and due to the possibility of sustained
pharmacological release, there is no need for repeated doses and a safe administration
route.

Conclusion:
The following review aims to evaluate the use of the hydrogel systems in the therapy of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which are the main components of metabolic syndrome.
Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, and Excretion of Letermovir
Authors: Menzel Karsten , Kothare Prajakti , McCrea Jacqueline B. , Chu Xiaoyan , Kropeit Dirk 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Letermovir is approved for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in
cytomegalovirus-seropositive hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.

Objective:
HSCT recipients are required to take many drugs concomitantly. The pharmacokinetics, absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion of letermovir and its potential to inhibit metabolizing enzymes and transporters
in vitro were investigated to inform on the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs).

Methods:
A combination of in vitro and in vivo studies described the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
routes of elimination of letermovir, as well as the enzymes and transporters involved in these processes. The
effect of letermovir to inhibit and induce metabolizing enzymes and transporters was evaluated in vitro and its
victim and perpetrator DDI potentials were predicted by applying the regulatory guidance for DDI assessment.

Results:
Letermovir was a substrate of CYP3A4/5 and UGT1A1/3 in vitro. Letermovir showed concentration-
dependent uptake into organic anionic transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1/3-transfected cells and was a
substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In a human ADME study, letermovir was primarily recovered as unchanged
drug and minor amounts of a direct glucuronide in feces. Based on the metabolic pathway profiling of letermovir,
there were few oxidative metabolites in human matrix. Letermovir inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C8,
CYP3A, and UGT1A1 in vitro, and induced CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in hepatocytes. Letermovir also inhibited
OATP1B1/3, OATP2B1, OAT3, OCT2, BCRP, BSEP, and P-gp.

Conclusion:
The body of work presented in this manuscript informed on the potential for DDIs when letermovir
is administered both intravenously and orally in HSCT recipients.
Are Our Diabetic Patients Adherent to the Treatment?
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Hejmady Dhruv Indiresh , B. Unnikrishnan , Thapar Rekha , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh , B.B. Darshan , Shetty Vishnu , Charitha I.S. Divya , K. Rakshith Hegde 
Published: February 2021

Aim:
To estimate the adherence to treatment among type 2 diabetic patients.

Background:
Treatment adherence is a complex process that is controlled by multiple factors.
Lack of treatment adherence is common with patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes and is becoming
a very prevalent problem especially with the patients who suffer from non-communicable
diseases (NCD) worldwide.

Objective:
To estimate the adherence to treatment among type 2 diabetic patients and the perception
and practice of self-management among them.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted amongst the patients of Kasturba
Medical College, Mangalore, a coastal city of southern India. The questionnaire consisted of
Medical Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) to assess how adherent the patient is to the treatment
and the Diabetes Self-care Questionnaire (DSMQ) for assessing the various self-care practices employed
by diabetic patients. The data obtained was entered and the analysis was done by using the
Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0.

Results:
The study involved 95 patients and the mean age was found to be 50.71 ± 12.633 years.
More than 60% of the study population were male and 78.9% were literate. Nearly half of the patients
(49.5%) had been on treatment for a duration of >5 years. Eighty-two percent population
(82.1%) were adherent to their medications. Adherence was found to be nearly eighty percent
(79.5%) among the literates.

Conclusion:
Adherence was more among the males as compared to the females. Most patients in
the study had been adherent to their medications prescribed to them. Most of them were on oral
drugs only. The majority of the patients who had diabetes mellitus were found to have inadequate
self-care management for diabetes mellitus.
Highlights on Important Medicinal Plants for the Menopause Syndrome
Authors: Rodrigues Rafaele de A. , de S. Ramos Aline , Ferreira José Luiz P. , de A. Silva Jefferson Rocha , Maria Ana Clara B. , de Almeida Maíra Martins H. , Amaral Ana Claudia F. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
A reduction in ovarian hormones, which is distinctive of menopause, often
involves signs and symptoms that compromise the quality of life and health of women. The
transient manifestations are changes in the menstrual cycle, vasomotor symptoms, neuropsychological
symptoms, and genitourinary changes. In some cases, the hormonal changes can evolve to nontransitory
manifestations, which include urinary incontinence, changes in metabolism, osteoporosis,
and cardiovascular diseases. Hormone replacement therapy is the treatment of choice to alleviate
transient symptoms of menopause; however, there are many limitations, contraindications, and
situations in which the risks of adverse effects are high, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, venous
thromboembolism, dementia, type 2 diabetes, and the increased incidence of breast cancer.

Objective:
This work aims to highlight important medicinal plants for the treatment of the transient
symptoms of menopause, with less side effects than traditional hormone replacement therapy.

Results:
There is sufficient information regarding the efficacy and safety for the use of the following
plant species in the treatment of transient symptoms of menopause: Actaea racemosa, Glycine
max, Trifolium pratense, Salvia officinalis, Humulus lupulus, Panax ginseng, Vitex agnus-castus,
and Trigonella foenum-graecum. Additionally, the search indicated the chemical classes related to
the benefits of the selected species, adverse effects, and interactions with other drugs.
Relationship with Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and DTI Features in Brain Metastases of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yilmaz Temel Fatih , Yurtsever Ismail , Turk Hacı Mehmet , Gultekin Mehmet Ali , Besiroglu Mehmet , Cesme Dilek Hacer , Shbair Abdallah T M , Alkan Alpay 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
The purpose of the study was to determine DTI properties of brain metastases
in subjects with Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) to evaluate whether there was a correlation
between DTI findings and Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1).

Methods:
The study population (n:22) was assigned to PD-L1 negative (Group 1: PD-L1 expression<%
50) (n=11) or positive (Group 2: PD-L1 expression ≥%50) (n=11). We compared ADC and
FA values measured from the enhanced solid metastases and peritumoral edema area with PD-L1
protein status.

Results:
The mean ADC values were lower in group 2 compared to group 1. The peritumoral ADC
values were higher in group 2 compared to group 1. Mean peritumoral edema FA values were lower
in group 2 compared to group 1. The peritumoral edema nADC values were higher in group 2
compared to group 1. As PD-L1 expression frequency increased, ADC values in the peritumoral
edema area increased and FA values decreased.

Conclusions:
We thought that the existence of PD-L1 protein does not affect ADC and FA values
of brain metastasis (BM) originating from NSCLC. DTI characteristics of the peritumoral edema
area could be a guide in determining the PD-L1 protein status of brain metastases of NSCLC. The
relationship between PD-L1 expression status and DTI features in BM from NSCLC could help us
to have an idea regarding the response to immunotherapy.