bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic excision of a solitary fibrous tumor originating from the abdominal wall: a case report
Authors: Imaoka Kouki , Nishihara Masahiro , Yamaguchi Megumi , Kawasaki Yukari , Sugino Keizo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are mesenchymal fibroblastic tumors, and forms of SFTs that originate from the abdominal wall are extremely rare. Here we report a case of a nonpalpable SFT along the abdominal wall. Abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a well-circumscribed mass measuring 5 cm in diameter with heterogeneous signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images; this mass was diagnosed as a benign abdominal tumor of unknown origin. Successful laparoscopic excision of the tumor was performed. Histological examination revealed a benign extrapleural SFT. No tumor recurrence was observed after 20-month follow-up. This is the first case of laparoscopic excision of an SFT originating from the abdominal wall. Our report highlights the safety and usefulness of laparoscopic excision of abdominal wall tumors such as SFTs. This approach is an underutilized surgical treatment that can be applied to select cases of SFT in the abdominal cavity.
Perforating duodenal ulcer with umbilical herniation as a metastatic complication of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Principe Daniel R , Raicu Andreea , Cataneo Jose , Beverley Holly R , Hyser Matthew 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the breast is extremely rare, and the associated patterns of metastatic dissemination poorly described. Here, we report the case of a 61-year-old woman presenting with acute abdominal pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a non-bleeding erosive gastropathy, which was biopsied and found significant for a poorly differentiated, GATA3-positive SRCC. The patient was lost to follow up until re-presenting 6 months later with a perforating duodenal ulcer and umbilical herniation. Biopsies of umbilical hernia sack contents were significant for an estrogen receptor (ER) positive SRCC, and breast examination identified a right breast mass significant for an ER positive lobular carcinoma with signet ring features, thereby affirming the diagnosis of metastatic SRCC of the breast. This case offers insight into an advanced form of a rare clinical entity, and suggests that staining for breast markers such as GATA3 should be considered for all biopsies significant for SRCC.
Coherently updating degrees of belief: Radical Probabilism, the generalization of Bayes’ Theorem and its consequences on evidence evaluation
Authors: Taroni Franco , Garbolino Paolo , Bozza Silvia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Bayesian perspective is based on conditioning related to reported evidence that is considered to be certain. What is called ‘Radical Probabilism’ replaces such an extreme view by introducing uncertainty on the reported evidence. How can such equivocal evidence be used in further inferences about a main hypothesis? The theoretical ground is introduced with the aim of offering to the readership an explanation for the generalization of the Bayes’ Theorem. This extension—that considers uncertainty related to the reporting of evidence—also has an impact on the assessment of the value of evidence through the Bayes’ factor. A generalization for such a logical measure of the evidence is also presented and justified.
Massive black hole binary systems and the NANOGrav 12.5 yr results
Authors: Middleton H , Sesana A , Chen S , Vecchio A , Del Pozzo W , Rosado P A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) recently reported evidence for the presence of a common stochastic signal across their array of pulsars. The origin of this signal is still unclear. One possibility is that it is due to a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) in the ∼1–10 nHz frequency region. Taking the NANOGrav observational result at face value, we show that this signal would be fully consistent with an SGWB produced by an unresolved population of in-spiralling massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) predicted by current theoretical models. Considering an astrophysically agnostic model, the MBHB merger rate is loosely constrained. Including additional constraints from galaxy pairing fraction and MBH–bulge scaling relations, we find that the MBHB merger rate is ${1.2\times 10^{-5}}{\rm -}{4.5\times 10^{-4}}\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-3}\, \mathrm{Gyr}^{-1}$ , the MBHB merger time-scale is $\le 2.7\, \mathrm{Gyr}$, and the norm of the MBH−Mbulge relation is $\ge 1.2\times 10^{8}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ (all quoted at 90 per  cent credible intervals). Regardless of the astrophysical details of MBHB assembly, the NANOGrav result would imply that a sufficiently large population of massive black holes pair up, form binaries and merge within a Hubble time.
Rare Ameloblastic Carcinoma Metastasis to the Cervical Spine: A Case Report
Authors: Salehani Arsalaan , Mooney James , Lepard Jacob , Hackney James R , Harmon Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin that typically arises from the mandible or maxilla. It represents approximately 2% of all odontogenic tumors. Gross total resection is the surgical goal given AC’s aggressiveness and propensity for recurrence. We present the first reported AC metastasis to the cervical spine.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 61-yr-old African American female with a history of AC of bilateral mandibles and lung metastases presented with neck pain and right arm weakness progressive over several months. Cervical spine imaging demonstrated a cervical 3 pathological fracture with severe anterior vertebral body compression and resultant cervical 2-3 kyphotic deformity and bony retropulsion causing severe cord compression. The patient underwent a cervical 3 corpectomy and cervical 2-4 anterior fixation followed by a cervical 3 laminectomy and cervical 2-5 dorsal internal fixation and fusion. Postoperatively, the patient's neurological exam remained stable and imaging showed improved spinal alignment and appropriate anterior and posterior instrumentation. Unfortunately, the patient thereafter suffered a decline in performance status and progression of lung metastatic disease. Her oncology team is considering chemotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery, but her prognosis remains grim.

CONCLUSION
AC is a rare and aggressive pathology with a poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy. We present the first case of AC metastatic spread to the spine. We aim to bring this pathology to the attention of our worldwide neurosurgical colleagues and share our surgical approach and multidisciplinary management to assist those who may encounter this pathology in the future.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Workers Despite the Use of Surgical Masks and Physical Distancing—the Role of Airborne Transmission
Authors: Goldberg Lotem , Levinsky Yoel , Marcus Nufar , Hoffer Vered , Gafner Michal , Hadas Shai , Kraus Sraya , Mor Meirav , Scheuerman Oded 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted mainly via respiratory droplets. A key question in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is whether SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted via the airborne route as well. We report for the first time SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infections despite using surgical masks and physical distancing. This report may provide possible evidence for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
White Matter Neurometabolic Signatures Support the Deficit and Nondeficit Distinction in Antipsychotic-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis Patients
Authors: Bryant James Edward , Lahti Adrienne Carol , Briend Frederic , Kraguljac Nina Vanessa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The deficit syndrome is thought to be a more homogenous clinical subgroup within the syndrome of schizophrenia that is characterized by enduring negative symptoms. It is hypothesized that distinct pathophysiological processes underlie the subtypes, where the deficit syndrome reflects an early onset nonprogressive developmental process, and the nondeficit form of the illness is characterized by attenuated neuroplasticity secondary to elevated glutamate levels. We used single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PRESS; TE: 30 ms) to measure left frontal white matter neurometabolite levels in 61 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients (39 who did not display deficit features, 22 who did display deficit features, assessed with the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome) and 59 healthy controls. Metabolite levels were quantified with the LCModel. We used a MANCOVA to determine neurometabolite differences between healthy controls, deficit syndrome patients, and nondeficit patients. We report a significant group difference when all metabolites were considered jointly (F[10,208] = 2.16; P = .02). Post hoc analyses showed that patients presenting without deficit features had higher glutamate levels than patients with deficit features and controls. Patients presenting without deficit features also had significantly higher myoinositol levels than controls; myoinositol levels were trend-level higher in patients presenting with deficit features compared to controls. Our data support the idea that the pathophysiology of patients presenting without deficit features may differ from those presenting with deficit features.
Diagnosing Rickets in Early Modern England: Statistical Evidence and Social Response
Authors: Newton Gill 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Seventeenth-century UK experienced an epidemic of the newly recognised disease rickets, its nutritional and environmental causes then unknown. This is evident from parish burial registers, the London Bills of Mortality, and contemporary medical descriptions and treatments. Rickets appeared to be killing 2–8 per cent of urbanites, especially wealthy children.
Rickets emerged as a threat to child health in early modern UK as a result of coal dependency and climate, and social differences in infant and child feeding. Physicians investigating rickets showed concern for rich children’s diets. Lack of breastfeeding promoted calcium deficiency among wealthy infants, while poorer children’s meagre childhood diet retarded recovery.
The seasonality and age incidence of rickets deaths corroborate this diagnosis, but after 1700 rickets deaths dwindled even as medical treatises and osteological evidence suggest rickets morbidity increased. Chronology and share of mortality of other causes relating to rickets morbidity are considered: scurvy, hydrocephalus and whooping cough.
Risk of neurodegenerative disease due to tau phosphorylation changes and arsenic exposure via drinking water
Authors: Pakzad Davoud , Akbari Vajihe , Sepand Mohammad Reza , Aliomrani Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is estimated that around 140 million people are drinking highly contaminated water with arsenic (As) as a natural earth’s crust component. On the other hand, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease, is constantly increasing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between oral arsenic trioxide exposure and its impact on tau protein phosphorylation at Ser262. Fifty-four male mice were randomly divided into three groups and were freely accessed to food and contaminated water of 1 and 10 ppm arsenic trioxide for 3 months, except for control subjects. At the end of each month, As concentration and tau phosphorylation were checked with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and western blot analysis, respectively. Surprisingly, it was observed that the amount of measured brain arsenic in 10 ppm-exposed subjects was significantly increased after 3 months (P-value ˂ 0.0001). The significant changes in tau phosphorylation were not seen in the 1 ppm-exposed subjects, and it was observed that Ser262 phosphorylation significantly increased after 2 and 3 months in the 10 ppm group (P-value &lt; 0.05). Our results demonstrated that arsenic accumulated in the brain time-dependently and increased Ser262 tau phosphorylation, which is very important in several tauopathies. In conclusion, it could be inferred that environmental arsenic exposure even at very low concentrations could be considered as a reason for increasing the risk of developing neurodegenerative disease.
The effects of nutritional support baskets on growth parameters of under five years old children with malnutrition and low socio-economic status
Authors: Derakhshandeh-Rishehri PhD student Seyedeh-Masomeh , Shenavar MSc Razieh , Farmani BS Azam , Hemmati PhD Abdolrasoul , Faghih PhD Shiva 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background and objectives
Although malnutrition is globally widespread among children, there is no consensus on the most effective intervention for improving a child's growth. The present study is designed to investigate the effects of nutritional support basketson growth indices of malnourished children.

Methods
This is a field trial conducted on 3667 malnourished children (0–60 months) for 9months, between 2017 and 2018, in Fars province of Iran. Weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height and body mass index-for age indices were assessed before and after the intervention with nutritional support baskets, which contains 600 kcal/day.

Results
The baseline prevalence of moderate/severeunderweight, stunting and wasting were 31.5%, 33.3% and 28.9%, respectively. After the intervention, the prevalence non-significantly reduced to 25.5%, 31.7% and 20.35%, respectively (p &gt; 0.05). The intervention is associated with a non-significant reduction in the prevalence of underweight and wasting in 0–23 months children, and a non-significant reduction in the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in 24–60 months children. Furthermore, the intervention is associated with a non-significant reduction in the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in girls, and a non-significant reduction in the prevalence of underweight and wasting in boys.

Conclusions
Nutrition support was effective in improving malnutrition indices of children; however, the results were non-significant. Further studies with longer period and control group areneeded to support the effectiveness of nutrition support in children.
Coping with moral distress during COVID-19
Authors: Godshall Maryann 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Nurses and other healthcare professionals across the US have experienced and are still experiencing different types of moral anguish during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article discusses moral distress and the other forms of moral anguish that nurses experience, how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated moral distress among nurses, and coping strategies.
Xanthomatous Dermal Changes in a Patient With Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma Treated Using Vismodegib
Authors: Smith Shane D. B. , Clarke Callisia N. , Clark Melanie A. , Harker-Murray Amy K. , Sokumbi Olayemi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most commonly diagnosed cutaneous cancer in the United States with more than 2.5 million treated annually. Genetic studies have revealed that approximately 90% of BCCs have a mutation in the hedgehog-signaling pathway. Patients with BCC usually have an excellent prognosis with surgical modalities, however, patients with locally advanced BCC may potentially experience significant cosmetic or functional impairment, with only surgical intervention. Vismodegib is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor that has been successful in treating patients with locally advanced BCC. We report a patient with BCC with a good response to vismodegib and a novel xanthomatous change in the excision specimen.
Cutaneous Metastasis From Parotid Tumors: A Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: del Puerto Constanza , Jaque Alejandra , Gonzalez-Bombardiere Sergio , Molgó Montserrat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Cutaneous metastases from parotid tumors are uncommon and imply a poor prognosis. In this article, we report 2 new cutaneous metastasis cases from 2 different parotid malignancies and 42 additional cases from a literature review. Clinical manifestations, localization, and outcomes of skin metastasis from parotid tumors are described. Although infrequent, parotid neoplasms may develop skin metastasis many years after the initial diagnosis, mostly in the head and neck region. Therefore, long-term follow-up and periodic skin examination of these patients is mandatory. Dermatologists and surgeons must have a high index of suspicion when evaluating any skin lesion arising on these patients because cutaneous metastasis from parotid neoplasms generally implies a poor prognosis.
Atypical Cellular Blue Nevus With Necrosis Mimicking Melanoma Ex-Blue Nevus
Authors: Henning Ania , Billings Steven , Ko Jennifer , Weaver Joshua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Histologic distinction between melanoma ex-blue nevus and cellular blue nevus (CBN) can often be difficult, but features supporting melanoma include infiltrative growth pattern, frequent mitoses, cytologic atypia and pleomorphism, cell crowding, and tumor necrosis. Unfortunately, these features are not constantly dependable and frequently borderline lesions exist, so-called atypical CBN, which lack explicit malignant features. Furthermore, some CBN and atypical CBN show an assortment of features, which may lead to their misdiagnosis as melanoma, but to date necrosis is generally absent. We present an unusual case of an atypical cellular blue nevus with extensive necrosis mimicking melanoma ex-blue nevus.
Autism and General Developmental Screening Practices Among Primary Care Providers
Authors: Mazurek Micah O. , Kuhlthau Karen , Parker Robert A. , Chan James , Sohl Kristin 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Using standardized screening tools increases accuracy in early identification of autism. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends systematic developmental screening at all 9-, 18-, and 24- or 30-month well-child visits (WCVs) and autism-specific screening at all 18- and 24-month WCVs. The study objectives were to examine the extent to which these guidelines have been adopted in practice among primary care providers (PCPs) and to identify potential provider-level factors associated with screening practices.

Method:
Participants included 94 PCPs (79% pediatricians) from 13 states enrolled in a study of an autism training program. Self-report and chart-review data collected before training were examined. Screening practices were assessed through chart review of all 9-, 18-, and 24-month WCVs within a 30-day window.

Results:
Sixty-four percent of PCPs administered developmental screening tools at all 9-month WCVs, and 62% at all 18-month WCVs. Fifty-one percent administered autism screening tools at all 18-month WCVs, and 41% at all 24-month WCVs. Screening practices varied by provider type (pediatrician vs other PCP), self-efficacy in screening and identification, and previous autism training (autism screening only), but not by years of experience.

Conclusion:
Overall, general developmental and autism-specific screenings are not being consistently administered across recommended WCVs in primary care practices. Provider self-efficacy in autism identification and screening and previous autism training were associated with increased autism screening. As such, these results suggest a need for increased training and dissemination of information on screening implementation for practicing PCPs.
Bereavement Needs of Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Omran Taline , (Browning) Callis Annette M. 
Published: January 2021

Background/Introduction
Bereavement and grief in critical care nurses remain an understudied phenomenon. As a way of self-protection, nurses may compartmentalize their own feelings and need assistance and support in processing feelings of bereavement. Nurses spend much of their time caring for patients and their family members, while guiding them through the dying process; however, they may not take adequate time to address their own bereavement needs.

Objective/Aims
The aims of this study were to explore the bereavement needs of critical care nurses after experiencing the expected or unexpected death of a patient and, from their lived experiences, gain insight as to how nurses perceive, process, and cope with the death of a patient.

Methodology
A qualitative, phenomenological focus group was conducted with critical care nurses (N = 10) after gaining institutional review board approval. The group discussion was audio-recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was performed to identify common themes.

Results
Seven themes emerged: (a) emotional distress, leading to compassion fatigue, burnout, and moral distress, (b) empathy, (c) resurfacing personal loss leading to secondary traumatic stress in the workplace, (d) unrealistic expectations placed on the nurse, (e) detachment leading to compartmentalization, (f) lack of formal education, and (g) self-care and available resources.

Discussion/Conclusion
More education for nurses in undergraduate and continuing education programs is needed to assist nurses in the bereavement process. More interventional studies are needed to explore programs of nurses' self-care both in the workplace and in nurses' personal lives to more effectively support their emotional needs.
Environmental Factors Affecting Early Mobilization and Physical Disability Post–Intensive Care
Authors: Potter Kelly , Miller Sarah , Newman Susan 
Published: January 2021

Background
Early mobilization (EM) is one of few potential protective factors associated with reduced physical disability post–intensive care (PD PIC). However, only 45% of intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States routinely practice EM despite its recognized benefits.

Objectives
To analyze the evidence on the relationship between critical care EM, PD PIC, and environmental factors, using the theoretical lens of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).

Method
The Whittemore and Knafl methodology for integrative reviews and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines were followed. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies (n = 38) that evaluated EM and 1 or more domains of the WHO ICF were included. Quality was appraised using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Study characteristics were evaluated for common themes and relationships. The ICF domains and subdomains pertaining to each study were synthesized.

Results
Early mobilization was related to improved functioning on the disability continuum of the WHO ICF. Early mobilization was influenced by several WHO ICF environmental factors. Dedicated physical and occupational therapy teams in the ICU, interdisciplinary rounds, and positive family and staff perception of EM facilitated intervention delivery. However, poor staffing levels, negative unit culture, perceived workload burden, and lack of equipment, education, and financial support impeded delivery of EM.

Discussion
Early mobilization is a promising intervention that may reduce PD PIC. However, environmental factors negatively influence delivery of EM in the ICU. Several gaps in EM research limit its acceptability in ICU practice. Existing EM research is challenged by poor methodological quality. Further study is necessary to better understand the role of EM on PD PIC and improve patient outcomes following critical illness.