bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QTL‐seq identified QTLs and candidate genes for two‐seed pod length and width in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Xie Jianguo , Wang Qiao , Zhang Zhanguo , Xiong Xin , Yang Mingliang , Qi Zhaoming , Xin Dawei , Zhu Rongsheng , Sun Mingming , Dong Xiaohui , Jiang Hongwei , Chen Qingshan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeed size is an important factor affecting soybean (Glycine max) yield and quality, and the length and width of the pods are significantly related to the seed size. Soybean two‐seed pod is a stable pod‐setting trait. Based on soybean chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL), QTL‐seq method was used to locate the QTL of soybean two‐seed pod length (TSPL) and width (TSPW) and to mine the related genesA total of 3 QTLs for TSPL and 5 QTLs for TSPW were obtained. Among them, the positions of qTSPL‐B1‐1 and qTSPW‐B1‐1 overlapped, and this overlapping interval was used as the major QTL for soybean TSPL and TSPW. Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype variation of Glyma.11G051600 would cause the phenotypes of TSPL and TSPW to vary. RT‐pcr showed that the expression of Glyma.11G051600 was closely related to the development of soybean TSPL and TSPW. Therefore, Glyma.11G051600 was used as a common gene to regulate the growth and development of TSPL and TSPW. These results provide a basis for research on candidate genes and marker‐assisted selection (MAS) for soybean breeding.
Multicentric dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency
Authors: Wahjudi Tatjana D. , Kutzner Heinz , Bleeke Matthias , Hoeger Peter H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a 4‐year‐old boy, post‐human stem cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA), who developed multiple dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). We hypothesize a role for chimerism leading to accumulation of toxic metabolites which can cause DNA strand breaks and inhibit lymphocyte activation. Patients with ADA‐SCID should remain under lifelong dermatologic surveillance as DFSP lesions can be quite inconspicuous.
Minority rights and public autonomy: A nonculturalist argument for accommodating ethno‐cultural diversity
Authors: Karademir Aret 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEthno‐cultural minority rights have been regarded as a part of human rights since the last decade of the twentieth century. These rights are often formulated in predominantly culturalist terms. Citing the importance of culture in the lives of members, they are conceptualized as tools for protecting the distinct identity of minority cultures. This paper claims that this way of formulating minority rights is to portray minority communities as if they were not concerned with the pathologies of modern democracies, such as the increasing marginalization of citizens from democratic life, far‐right populism, and the subordination of democracy into the functional requirements of economy. Accordingly, it argues for a theory of minority rights that formulates these rights as tools for protecting democracy against such pathologies. In doing so, it takes its point of departure from Jürgen Habermas’s communicative action theory and his understanding of democracy and public autonomy.
Identification and characterization of circRNAs in maize seedlings under deficient nitrogen
Authors: Ma P. , Gao S. , Zhang H.Y. , Li B.Y. , Zhong H.X. , Wang Y.K. , Hu H.M. , Zhang H.K. , Luo B.W. , Zhang X. , Liu D. , Wu L. , Gao D.J. , Gao S.Q. , Zhang S.Z. , Gao S.B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Here, deep sequencing results of the maize transcriptome in leaves and roots were compared under high‐nitrogen (HN) and low‐nitrogen (LN) conditions to identify differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs).

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed non‐coding RNA with widely regulatory potency that has been identified in animals and plants. However, the understanding of circRNAs involved in responsive nitrogen deficiency remains to be elucidated.

A total of 24 and 22 DECs were obtained from the leaves and roots, respectively. Ten circRNAs were validated by divergent and convergent primers, and 6 DECs showed the same expression tendency validated by reverse transcriptase‐quantitative PCR. Integrating the identified differentially expressed miRNAs, 34 circRNAs could act as miRNA decoys, which might play important roles in multiple biological processes, including organonitrogen compound biosynthesis and regulation of the metabolic process. A total of 51 circRNA‐parent genes located in the genome‐wide association study identified loci were assessed between HN and LN conditions and were associated with root growth and development.

In summary, our results provide valuable information regarding further study of maize circRNAs under nitrogen deficiency and provide new insights into screening of candidate genes as well as the improvement of maize regarding nitrogen deficiency resistance. CircRNA–miRNA–mRNA co‐expression networks were constructed to explore the circRNAs that participated in biological development and nitrogen metabolism.
Zfp1, a putative Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor, influences Ustilago maydis pathogenesis at multiple stages
Authors: Cheung H. Y. Kitty , Donaldson Michael E. , Storfie Emilee R. M. , Spence Kelsey L. , Fetsch Jessie L. O. , Harrison Makayla C. , Saville Barry J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs a biotrophic fungus, Ustilago maydis, the causal agent of common smut of maize, must establish and maintain a relationship with the host throughout the pathogenic cycle. Functional characterization of the U. maydis transcription factor Zfp1 suggests a role in modulating pathogenic development. Deletion of zfp1 resulted in attenuated pathogenic hyphal growth, reduced infection frequency, arrested disease symptom development, and decreased anthocyanin production. Complementation with Zfp1 constructs lacking conserved domains indicated it may function with and without DNA binding and suggests a role for the Fungal_trans domain in enabling full virulence. RNA‐sequencing revealed the transcription of approximately 30% of U. maydis genes, including those encoding predicted and confirmed effectors, were altered in the zfp1 deletion strain during pathogenic growth. Together, the results suggest that Zfp1 is a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor that is required for the full induction of infection, anthocyanin production, and virulence.
Seasonal environmental changes affect differently the physiological and biochemical responses of two Limonium species in Sabkha biotope
Authors: Maaloul Sameh , Abdellaoui Raoudha , Mahmoudi Maher , Bouhamda Talel , Bakhshandeh Esmaeil , Boughalleb Fayçal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo cope with abiotic stresses, the halophytes use various tolerance mechanisms that are not all known for some species of halophytes. This work aimed to model the responses of two halophytes, Limonium pruinosum and Limonium tunetanum, to changing environmental conditions over a year in Sabkha biotope, Tunisia. Our findings indicated that the model could describe well the seasonal variations of all studied traits over a year in this region (R2 > 0.80). The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and mineral composition (i.e., Sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], calcium [Ca2+], and magnesium [Mg2+] concentrations] in the soil significantly varied during the year (P < 0.01). The highest soil Na+ concentration was found during the dry period (June–August), which matched with a high Na+ content in the aerial parts (i.e., 2455.1 and 3366.0 μmol g−1 SDM in August for L. pruinosum and L. tunetanum, respectively). This accumulation is concomitant with a deficit in nutrients, particularly K+ and Mg2+ and, to a lesser extent, Ca2+. Following these disturbances, both species decreased their photosynthetic activity, water potential as well as the relative water content to a lesser extent, especially in August. To counteract these harmful effects, these species have accumulated organic substances, but in a different way. Indeed, L. pruinosum accumulated sucrose, fructose, and citrate, while L. tunetanum accumulated sucrose, xylitol, citrate, and malate, indicating a major role of these osmolytes in the stress tolerance mechanisms. In both species, the results also showed that all traits were highly correlated with the edaphic variables (i.e., pH, EC, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations) and with temperature as the climatic variable.
Complete the triangulation: Quantifying differential fear conditioning with a noninterfering and sensitive behavioral measure along with self‐report and physiological measures
Authors: Jiang Xinrui , Burleigh Lauryn , Greening Steven G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccording to the multicomponent view, emotion is expressed through subjective feelings and thoughts, physiological activation, and behavioral responses. In human fear conditioning research, the former two are much more popular than the third category. One concern is that concurrent behavioral probes may interfere with the conditioning process. To allow triangulation of emotion research through simultaneous employment of subjective, physiological, and behavioral measurement, it is necessary to find behavioral measures that meet the criteria of causing no interference while being sensitive to conditioning. In this study, a basic visual attention task was examined in terms of its impact on differential fear conditioning as measured by both subjective (i.e., self‐reported fear and shock estimation) and physiological (i.e., skin conductance response/SCR) expression; and its ability to detect fear conditioning indicated by a reaction time (RT) or accuracy difference between the two conditioned stimuli (CS+ vs. CS−). While participants in the probe group (n = 86) completed differential fear conditioning with the behavioral task, those in the no‐probe group (n = 76) underwent conditioning by itself. Based on self‐reported fear, shock estimation, and SCR, both groups successfully acquired differential fear with no apparent between‐group difference in the degree of conditioning. In the probe group, RT but not accuracy exhibited a difference between CS+ and CS−. These findings suggest that the selected visual attention task does not interfere with differential fear conditioning measured via SCR and self‐report and is a sensitive measure of differential conditioning. Exploratory individual analyses also revealed significant relationships between the above measures.
Reward expectation modulates N2pc for target selection: Electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Wei Ping , Ji Liyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn an electrophysiological experiment, we investigated the effect of reward expectation on the localized attentional interference effect using a cue‐target paradigm, while event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. A cue indicating the reward condition of each trial (incentive vs. non‐incentive) was followed by the presentation of a search array containing two target items. Participants were asked to decide whether the two shape singletons (two triangles, two rectangles, or one triangle and one rectangle) among a set of circles were the same shape. Moreover, we manipulated the distance between the two targets to be adjacent to each other (Separation 1) or further apart (Separation 3 and Separation 5). Behavioral results revealed a larger reward facilitation effect for the larger target separation conditions. The N2pc component locked to the target display exhibited an interaction between reward expectation and the distance between the two targets. For non‐incentive trials, the N2pc amplitude increased as the separation between the two targets increased; however, for incentive trials, the N2pc showed comparable amplitudes in the different target separation conditions. These results indicate that reward expectation regulated attentional focus to better resolve the competition between representation and selection of the two targets for acquiring possible reward outcomes.
The ups and downs of lifestyle modification: An existential journey among persons with severe obesity
Authors: Toft Bente Skovsby , Hörberg Ulrica , Rasmussen Birgit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaintaining a healthy living after the end of a lifestyle intervention is a challenge for persons with severe obesity. Measurable outcomes are often emphasised, but there is a need for understanding the process of lifestyle change and the long‐term perspectives among persons with severe obesity.Aim and objectiveTo describe and deepen the understanding of how persons with severe obesity experience making and maintaining lifestyle changes in everyday life three years after lifestyle intervention.Methodology and methodsThe study used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. A purposive sample of seven adults with BMI ≥ 40 was recruited from a lifestyle intervention programme. Data were generated through individual follow‐up interviews. The analysis was based on theoretical framework on dwelling and mobility. Ethical approvals were received from the Danish Data Protection Agency and the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed.ResultsOne overarching theme emerged: ‘The journey of ups and downs’. Three sub‐themes were: ‘Living with and tackling the demands of life's hassles’, ‘Deliberating the fight for weight loss’ and ‘Needing a trusted person to feel met as a human being’.ConclusionsEveryday life among persons with severe obesity is experienced as a dynamic process of shifting experiences of dwelling and mobility. Sustained lifestyle changes require ongoing adjustments of action, which healthcare providers can influence in ways that either support or obstruct. Collaboration and a humanised approach across disciplines and sectors are suggested to promote sustained healthy living.
Intersectionality and coalitions in social movement research—A survey and outlook
Authors: Roth Silke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the last 30 years, intersectionality has become a prominent concept, but in social movement scholarship, its adoption has yet been limited. So far, the concept is primarily employed to analyze the mobilization of women of color and other gendered mobilizations. In this article, I argue that intersectionality matters for all social movements—both as an analytic and as a political strategy. It is important to understand that all social movements and movement organizations are shaped by multiple axes of privilege and discrimination, which influence who participates in these movements and how, what demands are pursued and which are neglected, and how the issues of the movements and movement organizations are framed. My review starts out with defining and distinguishing between structural intersectionality and political intersectionality. Then, I survey a range of social movements from an intersectional perspective. This is followed by a discussion of coalitions and other strategies to achieve political intersectionality. The article concludes with an outlook on future directions for intersectional analyses in social movement scholarship.
Ridge jump reorientation of the South China Sea revealed by high‐resolution magnetic data
Authors: Guan Qingsheng , Zhang Tao , Taylor Brian , Gao Jinyao , Li Jiabiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe establish a high‐resolution magnetic isochron pattern in the East Subbasin (ESB) of the South China Sea (SCS) based on recently collected magnetic data, which provides an updated age of seafloor spreading in the ESB and reveals a new type of ridge reorientation. Seafloor spreading in the ESB initiated at Chron 11n.1r (29.7 Ma) and ceased shortly after Chron 5Br (15.6 Ma). Successive ridge jumps occurred between Chrons 9r and 7n, which explains the substantial asymmetric geometry of the ESB. Furthermore, the ridge reorientation associated with ridge jumps highlights a new ridge reorientation model in which the ridge jumps off‐axis and reorients synchronously to adapt to the new direction of seafloor spreading. In the ESB, this type of reorientation responds more rapidly to changes in the direction of plate motion than gradual ridge rotation.
microRNA‐22‐3p plays a protective role in a murine asthma model through the inhibition of the NLRP3–caspase‐1–IL‐1β axis
Authors: Guo Shufang , Chen Ru , Zhang Lina , Wu Meiqiong , Wei Yangyang , Dai Wenjuan , Jiang Yi , Kong Xiaomei 
Published: May 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
How does miR‐22‐3p exert a protective role in asthma?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Upregulation of miR‐22‐3p hampered airway inflammation and release of inflammatory cytokines through blocking the activation of the NLRP3–caspase‐1–IL‐1β signalling pathway in asthma.
AbstractAsthma, a great public health burden, is triggered by inflammatory responses in the airways and these are not addressed appropriately by current therapies. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism of microRNA‐22‐3p (miR‐22‐3p) on the proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in a murine asthma model challenged by ovalbumin. We first confirmed the downregulation of miR‐22‐3p in the murine asthma model and bronchial epithelial cells. miR‐22‐3p remarkably reversed the decline in bronchial epithelial cell viability, enhancement in apoptosis rate and release of inflammatory factors induced by LPS. miR‐22‐3p targeted and conversely regulated NACHT, LRR and PYD domains‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3). Overexpression of NLRP3 counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR‐22‐3p on inflammatory damage in bronchial epithelial cells through activation of caspase‐1/interleukin (IL)‐1β. In an in vivo model, overexpression of miR‐22‐3p significantly attenuated airway obstruction and tissue damage in mice. In summary, our study underscores that miR‐22‐3p serves both as a negative regulator of the NLRP3–caspase‐1–IL‐1β axis and as a protective factor against the inflammatory response, suggesting a future therapeutic role in asthma.
Automated Procedure Reconfiguration Framework for Augmented Reality-Guided Maintenance Applications
Authors: Young Crystal , Rai Rahul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The application of augmented reality (AR) to maintenance issues has resulted in significant improvements in reducing the time operators spend finding and comprehending manual maintenance procedures. One area that requires innovation is reducing the rigidity of procedures within AR-guided maintenance applications. Current widely applicable strategies are limited in that they can only be completed off-site or they can be completed on-site but rely on operator knowledge or expert intervention in order to perform reconfiguration. In this work, a novel framework is presented to allow for automated reconfiguring of procedures within AR-guided maintenance applications. Once triggered, the presented framework is able to work autonomously. The framework relies on subassemblies of the machine being maintained and analyzes the effect a defective part has within its subassembly. This information is used to create a modified procedure using automatic procedure creation methods. An implementation of the framework is presented using a simple example. The framework is utilized in a complete AR-guided maintenance application and test.
Effect of Ambient Temperature Variation on Pressure Drop During Condensation in Long Inclined Tubes
Authors: Kekaula Kaipo , Chen Yitung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two-phase flow pressure drop during condensation of steam inside inclined tube heat exchangers was investigated over a wide range of ambient temperature. The ambient temperature changes from 3 to 45 °C, the steam mass flux varies from 3 to 18 kg/(m2 · s), vapor quality ranges from 0.51 to 0.86. 608 data points were experimentally obtained and compared with eight commonly used correlations from the available literatures. Frictional pressure drop increases with increasing temperature difference and fan speed. For the full experimental dataset, the best overall performing correlation was obtained by using the Wallis correlation (MAPE = 17.60%, NRMSE = 14.87%). For cold ambient temperatures, (Tamb &lt; 20 °C, N = 298), the best overall performing correlation was obtained by using the Carey correlation (MAPE = 11.02%, NRMSE = 14.71%). For hot ambient temperatures (Tamb &gt; 30 °C, N = 196), the Lockhart and Martinelli correlation has shown the best performance (MAPE = 16.84%, NRMSE = 20.45%). An improved two-phase frictional pressure drop correlation based on the Wallis correlation (Wallis, 1969, One Dimensional Two-Phase Flow, McGraw-Hill, New York) is proposed.
Pyramid Ensemble Convolutional Neural Network for Virtual Computed Tomography Image Prediction in a Selective Laser Melting Process
Authors: Wang Lening , Chen Xiaoyu , Henkel Daniel , Jin Ran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a type of advanced manufacturing process that enables fast prototyping to realize personalized products in complex shapes. However, quality defects existed in AM products can directly lead to significant failures (e.g., cracking caused by voids) in practice. Thus, various inspection techniques have been investigated to evaluate the quality of AM products, where X-ray computed tomography (CT) serves as one of the most accurate techniques to detect geometric defects (e.g., voids inside an AM product). Taking a selective laser melting (SLM) process as an example, voids can be detected by investigating CT images after the fabrication of products with limited disturbance from noises. However, limited by the sensor size and scanning speed issue, CT is difficult to be used for online (i.e., layer-wise) voids detection, monitoring, and process control to mitigate the defects. As an alternative, optical cameras can provide layer-wise images to support online voids detection. The intricate texture of the layer-wise image restricts the accuracy of void detection in AM products. Therefore, we propose a new method called pyramid ensemble convolutional neural network (PECNN) to efficiently detect voids and predict the texture of CT images using layer-wise optical images. The proposed PECNN can efficiently extract informative features based on the ensemble of the multiscale feature-maps (i.e., image pyramid) from optical images. Unlike deterministic ensemble strategies, this ensemble strategy is optimized by training a neural network in a data-driven manner to learn the fine-grained information from the extracted feature-maps. The merits of the proposed method are illustrated by both simulations and a real case study in a SLM process.