bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wormholes and black hole microstates in AdS/CFT
Authors: Cotler Jordan , Jensen Kristan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It has long been known that the coarse-grained approximation to the black hole density of states can be computed using classical Euclidean gravity. In this work we argue for another entry in the dictionary between Euclidean gravity and black hole physics, namely that Euclidean wormholes describe a coarse-grained approximation to the energy level statistics of black hole microstates. To do so we use the method of constrained instantons to obtain an integral representation of wormhole amplitudes in Einstein gravity and in full-fledged AdS/CFT. These amplitudes are non-perturbative corrections to the two-boundary problem in AdS quantum gravity. The full amplitude is likely UV sensitive, dominated by small wormholes, but we show it admits an integral transformation with a macroscopic, weakly curved saddle-point approximation. The saddle is the “double cone” geometry of Saad, Shenker, and Stanford, with fixed moduli. In the boundary description this saddle appears to dominate a smeared version of the connected two-point function of the black hole density of states, and suggests level repulsion in the microstate spectrum. Using these methods we further study Euclidean wormholes in pure Einstein gravity and in IIB supergravity on Euclidean AdS5× S5. We address the perturbative stability of these backgrounds and study brane nucleation instabilities in 10d supergravity. In particular, brane nucleation instabilities of the Euclidean wormholes are lifted by the analytic continuation required to obtain the Lorentzian spectral form factor from gravity. Our results indicate a factorization paradox in AdS/CFT.
Revisiting the multi-monopole point of SU(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 gauge theory in four dimensions
Authors: D’Hoker Eric , Dumitrescu Thomas T. , Gerchkovitz Efrat , Nardoni Emily 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Motivated by applications to soft supersymmetry breaking, we revisit the expansion of the Seiberg-Witten solution around the multi-monopole point on the Coulomb branch of pure SU(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theory in four dimensions. At this point N − 1 mutually local magnetic monopoles become massless simultaneously, and in a suitable duality frame the gauge couplings logarithmically run to zero. We explicitly calculate the leading threshold corrections to this logarithmic running from the Seiberg-Witten solution by adapting a method previously introduced by D’Hoker and Phong. We compare our computation to existing results in the literature; this includes results specific to SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories, the large-N results of Douglas and Shenker, as well as results obtained by appealing to integrable systems or topological strings. We find broad agreement, while also clarifying some lingering inconsistencies. Finally, we explicitly extend the results of Douglas and Shenker to finite N , finding exact agreement with our first calculation.
Unitarisation dependence of diffractive scattering in light of high-energy collider data
Authors: Vanthieghem Arno , Bhattacharya Atri , Oueslati Rami , Cudell Jean-René 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the consequences of high-energy collider data on the best fits to total, elastic, inelastic, and single-diffractive cross sections for pp and $$ p\overline{p} $$
p

p
¯

scattering using different unitarisation schemes. We find that the data are well fitted both by eikonal and U-matrix schemes, but that diffractive data prefer the U-matrix. Both schemes may be generalised by means of an additional parameter; however, this yields only marginal improvements to the fits. We provide estimates for ρ, the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the elastic amplitude, for the different fits. We comment on the effect of the different schemes on present and future cosmic ray data.
Hexagon bootstrap in the double scaling limit
Authors: Chestnov Vsevolod , Papathanasiou Georgios 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the six-particle amplitude in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory in the double scaling (DS) limit, the only nontrivial codimension-one boundary of its positive kinematic region. We construct the relevant function space, which is significantly constrained due to the extended Steinmann relations, up to weight 13 in coproduct form, and up to weight 12 as an explicit polylogarithmic representation. Expanding the latter in the collinear boundary of the DS limit, and using the Pentagon Operator Product Expansion, we compute the non-divergent coefficient of a certain component of the Next-to-Maximally-Helicity-Violating amplitude through weight 12 and eight loops. We also specialize our results to the overlapping origin limit, observing a general pattern for its leading divergences.
Intersection numbers on $$ {\overline{M}}_{g,n} $$ and BKP hierarchy
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn their recent inspiring paper, Mironov and Morozov claim a surprisingly simple expansion formula for the Kontsevich-Witten tau-function in terms of the Schur Q-functions. Here we provide a similar description for the Brézin-Gross-Witten tau-function. Moreover, we identify both tau-functions of the KdV hierarchy, which describe intersection numbers on the moduli spaces of punctured Riemann surfaces, with the hypergeometric solutions of the BKP hierarchy.
Topological pseudo entropy
Authors: Nishioka Tatsuma , Takayanagi Tadashi , Taki Yusuke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We introduce a pseudo entropy extension of topological entanglement entropy called topological pseudo entropy. Various examples of the topological pseudo entropies are examined in three-dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theory with Wilson loop insertions. Partition functions with knotted Wilson loops are directly related to topological pseudo (Rényi) entropies. We also show that the pseudo entropy in a certain setup is equivalent to the interface entropy in two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs), and leverage the equivalence to calculate the pseudo entropies in particular examples. Furthermore, we define a pseudo entropy extension of the left-right entanglement entropy in two-dimensional boundary CFTs and derive a universal formula for a pair of arbitrary boundary states. As a byproduct, we find that the topological interface entropy for rational CFTs has a contribution identical to the topological entanglement entropy on a torus.
Anomalous symmetries end at the boundary
Authors: Thorngren Ryan , Wang Yifan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A global symmetry of a quantum field theory is said to have an ’t Hooft anomaly if it cannot be promoted to a local symmetry of a gauged theory. In this paper, we show that the anomaly is also an obstruction to defining symmetric boundary conditions. This applies to Lorentz symmetries with gravitational anomalies as well. For theories with perturbative anomalies, we demonstrate the obstruction by analyzing the Wess-Zumino consistency conditions and current Ward identities in the presence of a boundary. We then recast the problem in terms of symmetry defects and find the same conclusions for anomalies of discrete and orientation-reversing global symmetries, up to the conjecture that global gravitational anomalies, which may not be associated with any diffeomorphism symmetry, also forbid the existence of boundary conditions. This conjecture holds for known gravitational anomalies in D ≤ 3 which allows us to conclude the obstruction result for D ≤ 4.
Reheating in holographic cosmology and connecting to Λ-MSSM constructions for particle physics
Authors: Nastase Horatiu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper we model the transition from the non-geometric holographic cosmology regime, to the usual radiation dominated (RD) cosmology, known as reheating in the case of (perturbative) inflation. We find that we can easily transition into any MSSM construction of intersecting D6-branes, viaα′ corrections in the 3 dimensional field theory as well as in cosmology, followed by cosmological reheating via S-NS5-branes. Moreover, we can naturally obtain the (true) cosmological constant Λ of the observed order of magnitude. The resulting supersymmetry breaking is just outside the currently observed energies. The model is consistent with large (TeV scale) extra dimensions, but it prefers smaller ones, and the string scale is generically low.
Triharmonic Curves in 3-Dimensional Homogeneous Spaces
Authors: Montaldo S. , Pámpano A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe first prove that, unlike the biharmonic case, there exist triharmonic curves with nonconstant curvature in a suitable Riemannian manifold of arbitrary dimension. We then give the complete classification of triharmonic curves in surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature. Next, restricting to curves in a 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold, we study the family of triharmonic curves with constant curvature, showing that they are Frenet helices. In the last part, we give the full classification of triharmonic Frenet helices in space forms and in Bianchi–Cartan–Vranceanu spaces.
Ruled Surfaces of Generalized Self-Similar Solutions of the Mean Curvature Flow
Authors: López Rafael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Euclidean space, we investigate surfaces whose mean curvature H satisfies the equation $$H=\alpha \langle N,{\mathbf {x}}\rangle +\lambda $$

H
=
α
⟨
N
,
x
⟩
+
λ

, where N is the Gauss map, $${\mathbf {x}}$$
x
is the position vector, and $$\alpha $$
α
and $$\lambda $$
λ
are two constants. There surfaces generalize self-shrinkers and self-expanders of the mean curvature flow. We classify the ruled surfaces and the translation surfaces, proving that they are cylindrical surfaces.
Existence of Steady States of the Massless Einstein–Vlasov System Surrounding a Schwarzschild Black Hole
Authors: Andréasson Håkan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe show that there exist steady states of the spherically symmetric massless Einstein–Vlasov system which surround a Schwarzschild black hole. The steady states are (thick) shells with finite mass and compact support. Furthermore we prove that an arbitrary number of shells, necessarily well separated, can surround the black hole. To our knowledge this is the first result of static self-gravitating solutions to any massless Einstein-matter system which surround a black hole. We also include a numerical investigation about the properties of the shells.
Trends in radiotherapy inpatient admissions in Germany: a population-based study over a 10-year period
Authors: Medenwald Daniel , Fietkau Rainer , Klautke Gunther , Langer Susan , Würschmidt Florian , Vordermark Dirk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
With the increasing complexity of oncological therapy, the number of inpatient admissions to radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy departments might have changed. In this study, we aim to quantify the number of inpatient cases and the number of radiotherapy fractions delivered under inpatient conditions in radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy departments.

Methods
The analysis is founded on data of all hospitalized cases in Germany based on Diagnosis-Related Group Statistics (G-DRG Statistics, delivered by the Research Data Centers of the Federal Statistical Office). The dataset includes information on the main diagnosis of cases (rather than patients) and the performed procedures during hospitalization based on claims of reimbursement. We used linear regression models to analyze temporal trends. The considered data encompass the period from 2008 to 2017.

Results
Overall, the number of patients treated with radiotherapy as inpatients remained constant between 2008 (N = 90,952) and 2017 (N = 88,998). Starting in January 2008, 48.9% of 4000 monthly cases received their treatment solely in a radiation oncology department. This figure decreased to 43.7% of 2971 monthly cases in October 2017. We found a stepwise decrease between December 2011 and January 2012 amounting to 4.3%. Fractions received in radiotherapy departments decreased slightly by 29.3 (95% CI: 14.0–44.5) fractions per month. The number of days hospitalized in radiotherapy departments decreased by 83.4 (95% CI: 59.7, 107.0) days per month, starting from a total of 64,842 days in January 2008 to 41,254 days in 2017. Days per case decreased from 16.2 in January 2008 to 13.9 days in October 2017.

Conclusion
Our data give evidence to the notion that radiotherapy remains a discipline with an important inpatient component. Respecting reimbursement measures and despite older patients with more comorbidities, radiotherapy institutions could sustain a constant number of cases with limited temporal shifts.
Greater radial tuberosity size is associated with distal biceps tendon rupture: a quantitative 3-D CT case–control study
Authors: Hilgersom Nick F. J. , Nagel Myrthe , Janssen Stein J. , Kodde Izaäk F. , The Bertram , Eygendaal Denise 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeDuring pronation, the distal biceps tendon and radial tuberosity internally rotate into the radioulnar space, reducing the linear distance between the radius and ulna by approximately 50%. This leaves a small space for the distal biceps tendon to move in and could possibly cause mechanical impingement or rubbing of the distal biceps tendon. Hypertrophy of the radial tuberosity potentially increases the risk of mechanical impingement of the distal biceps tendon. The purpose of our study was to determine if radial tuberosity size is associated with rupturing of the distal biceps tendon.MethodsNine patients with a distal biceps tendon rupture who underwent CT were matched 1:2 to controls without distal biceps pathology. A quantitative 3-dimensional CT technique was used to calculate the following radial tuberosity characteristics: 1) volume in mm3, 2) surface area in mm2, 3) maximum height in mm and 4) location (distance in mm from the articular surface of the radial head).ResultsAnalysis of the 3-dimensional radial tuberosity CT-models showed larger radial tuberosity volume and maximum height in the distal biceps tendon rupture group compared to the control group. Mean radial tuberosity volume in the rupture-group was 705 mm3(SD: 222 mm3) compared to 541 mm3(SD: 184 mm3) in the control group (p = 0.033). Mean radial tuberosity maximum height in the rupture-group was 4.6 mm (SD: 0.9 mm) compared to 3.7 mm (SD: 1.1 mm) in the control group, respectively (p = 0.011). There was no statistically significant difference in radial tuberosity surface area (ns) and radial tuberosity location (ns).ConclusionRadial tuberosity volume and maximum height were significantly greater in patients with distal biceps tendon ruptures compared to matched controls without distal biceps tendon pathology. This supports the theory that hypertrophy of the radial tuberosity plays a role in developing distal biceps tendon pathology.Level of evidenceLevel III.
Logarithmic Connections, WZNW Action, and Moduli of Parabolic Bundles on the Sphere
Authors: Meneses Claudio , Takhtajan Leon A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModuli spaces of stable parabolic bundles of parabolic degree 0 over the Riemann sphere are stratified according to the Harder–Narasimhan filtration of underlying vector bundles. Over a Zariski open subset $$\mathscr {N}_{0}$$

N
0

of the open stratum depending explicitly on a choice of parabolic weights, a real-valued function $$\mathscr {S}$$
S
is defined as the regularized critical value of the non-compact Wess–Zumino–Novikov–Witten action functional. The definition of $$\mathscr {S}$$
S
depends on a suitable notion of parabolic bundle ‘uniformization map’ following from the Mehta–Seshadri and Birkhoff–Grothendieck theorems. It is shown that $$-\mathscr {S}$$

-
S

is a primitive for a (1,0)-form $$\vartheta $$
ϑ
on $$\mathscr {N}_{0}$$

N
0

associated with the uniformization data of each intrinsic irreducible unitary logarithmic connection. Moreover, it is proved that $$-\mathscr {S}$$

-
S

is a Kähler potential for $$(\Omega -\Omega _{\mathrm {T}})|_{\mathscr {N}_{0}}$$

(
Ω
-

Ω
T

)

|

N
0

, where $$\Omega $$
Ω
is the Narasimhan–Atiyah–Bott Kähler form in $$\mathscr {N}$$
N
and $$\Omega _{\mathrm {T}}$$

Ω
T

is a certain linear combination of tautological (1, 1)-forms associated with the marked points. These results provide an explicit relation between the cohomology class $$[\Omega ]$$

[
Ω
]

and tautological classes, which holds globally over certain open chambers of parabolic weights where $$\mathscr {N}_{0} = \mathscr {N}$$

N
0

=
N

.
Pulmonary Recruitment Maneuver Reduces Shoulder Pain and Nausea After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kihlstedt Pasquier E. , Andersson E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain and nausea are common after laparoscopic surgery. This prospective, randomized, controlled trial aimed to investigate postoperative pain and as a secondary endpoint nausea, when performing a ventilator‐piloted Pulmonary Recruitment Maneuvre (PRM) at the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodPatients having elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to either ordinary exsufflation or ventilator‐piloted PRM, to evacuate intra‐abdominal carbon dioxide (CO2) before abdominal closure. A questionnaire with numeric rating scales (NRS) was utilized to evaluate pain and nausea at five occasions during 48 h following surgery. Analgesic and antiemetic treatment was also analyzed.Results147 patients were analyzed, 76 receiving PRM and 71 controls. Overall pain was well controlled, with no significant difference between the groups regarding incidence (P=0.149) nor intensity (P=0.739). Incidence of shoulder pain was lower in the PRM group during the 48 postoperative hours, 44.7% versus 63.4% (P=0.023). The number needed to treat (NNT) to reduce shoulder pain was 6 (95% Confidence Interval, CI, 2.9–35.5) for the 48‐h period. Incidence of nausea was lower in the PRM group during the 48‐h period, 51.3% versus 70.4% (P=0.018). NNT was 6 (95% CI 2.9–27.4) for the 48‐h period. Nausea intensity was lower in the PRM group during the 48 h (P=0.025). Fewer in the PRM population required antiemetics, 25.0% versus 42.3% (P=0.027).ConclusionA ventilator‐piloted PRM at the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduced incidence of shoulder pain, and incidence and intensity of nausea.Clinical trial registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03026543.
(Neo)adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy is Beneficial to the Long‐term Survival of Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Jin Zixian , Chen Dong , Chen Meng , Wang Chunguo , Zhang Bo , Zhang Jian , Zhu Chengchu , Shen Jianfei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the most effective and safest treatment mode for locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through a network meta‐analysis.MethodA Bayesian model was used for a network meta‐analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of surgery alone, neoadjuvant therapy, and adjuvant therapy.ResultsThirty clinical studies, including thirty‐one articles, 4866 patients, were analyzed. Overall survival rate: Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were significantly advantageous over surgery alone [hazard ratio (HR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.93; HR 0.75, 95%CI 0.65–0.86]. There was no statistically significant difference between adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy [HR 0.97, 95%CI 0.75–1.28]. Disease‐free survival rate: Compared with surgery alone, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy had significant benefits [HR 0.65, 95%CI 0.53–0.78]; adjuvant chemoradiotherapy had similar, but not significant benefits [HR 0.7, 0.95%CI 0.45–1.06]. The difference between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was also not statistically significant [HR 0.94, 0.95%CI 0.61–1.43]. Surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: The R0 resection rate was significantly improved [relative risk (RR) 0.25, 95%CI 0.07–0.86], but the overall postoperative morbidity rate and 30‐day postoperative mortality rate tended to increase [RR 1.27, 95%CI 0.8–2.01; RR 1.59, 95%CI 0.7–3.22]. Neither neoadjuvant chemotherapy nor neoadjuvant radiotherapy significantly altered the surgical safety or R0 resection rate.ConclusionBoth neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy appear to be the best supplements to surgery for locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Die Enkel von Locard
Authors: Povalej Roman , Rittelmeier Heiko , Fähndrich Johannes , Berner Silvio , Honekamp Wilfried , Labudde Dirk 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie seit Jahrhunderten verwendeten Methoden in der Forensik basieren auf der Annahme eines Austausches von Materie und Mustern. Durch die Digitalisierung sind diese Annahmen nur noch eingeschränkt gültig und werden hier erweitert und diskutiert. In dem Zusammenhang ist es erforderlich, den Spurenbegriff grundlegend zu überdenken. Gleichzeitig werfen der ständige technische Fortschritt und die immer größer werdende Flut von auszuwertenden Daten die Ermittlungsbehörden immer wieder zurück. Dieser Entwicklung ist nur durch Automatisierung Herr zu werden. Verfahren der Künstlichen Intelligenz können und werden die Ermittlungsbehörden zukünftig dabei zunehmend unterstützen.
Polyethylene glycol-coated collagen patch (hemopatch®) in open partial nephrectomy
Authors: Staehler Michael , Rodler S. , Schott M. , Casuscelli J. , Stief C. , Spek A. , Schlenker B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the results of a polyethylene glycol-coated collagen patch, Hemopatch® on blood loss, surgical time and renal function in partial nephrectomy (PN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods
Out of a single surgeon cohort of n = 565 patients undergoing conventional open PN (CPN) between 01/2015 and 12/2017 at the University of Munich a consecutive subgroup (n = 42) was operated on using a polyethylene glycol-coated collagen-based sealant Hemopatch® (Baxter International Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA) (HPN).

Results
Median age was 65.2 years (range 12.7–95.2) with median follow-up of 9.43 months (0.03–49.15). Baseline renal function (CKD-EPI) was 78.56 ml/min/1.73 m2 (range 20.38–143.09) with a non-significant decline to 74.78 ml/min/1.73 m2 (range 3.75–167.74) at follow-up.
In CPN 46% had low complexity, 33% moderate complexity and 20% high complexity lesions with 33% low, 40% moderate and 27% high complexity masses in HPN.
Median tumor size was 4.3 cm (range 1–38 cm) in CPN with 4.8 cm (range 3.8–18.3 cm) with HPN, p = 0.293. Median blood loss and duration of surgery was significantly lower in the HPN group vs. CPN (146 ml ± 195 vs. 114 ml ± 159 ml; p = 0.021; 43 min ± 27 for HPN vs. 53 min ± 49; p = 0.035) with no difference in clamping time (12.6 min ± 8.6 for HPN vs. 12.0 min ± 9.5; p = 0.701).

Conclusions
Hemopatch® supported renoraphy shows promising results compared to standard renoraphy in PN. No side effects were seen. Further studies should evaluate the prevention of arterio-venous or urinary fistulas. In complex partial nephrectomies Hemopatch® supported renoraphy should be considered.