bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the application of the Charlson Comorbidity Index to assess the patient population seen in a Veterans Affairs chiropractic residency program
Authors: Ly Vivian T. , Coleman Brian C. , Coulis Christopher M. , Lisi Anthony J. 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Chiropractic trainees require exposure to a diverse patient base, including patients with multiple medical conditions. The Veterans Affairs (VA) Chiropractic Residency Program aims for its doctor of chiropractic (DC) residents to gain experience managing a range of multimorbid cases, yet to our knowledge there are no published data on the comorbidity characteristics of patients seen by VA DC residents. We tested 2 approaches to obtaining Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores and compared CCI scores of resident patients with those of staff DCs at 1 VA medical center.

Methods
Two processes of data collection to calculate CCI scores were developed. Time differences and agreement between methods were assessed. Comparison of CCI distribution between resident DC and staff DCs was done using 100 Monte Carlo simulation iterations of Fisher's exact test.

Results
Both methods were able to calculate CCI scores (n = 22). The automated method was faster than the manual (13 vs 78 seconds per patient). CCI scores agreement between methods was good (κ = 0.67). We failed to find a significant difference in the distribution of resident DC and staff DC patients (mean p = .377; 95% CI, .375–.379).

Conclusion
CCI scores of a VA chiropractic resident's patients are measurable with both manual and automated methods, although automated may be preferred for its time efficiency. At the facility studied, the resident and staff DCs did not see patients with significantly different distributions of CCI scores. Applying CCI may give better insight into the characteristics of DC trainee patient populations.
The Effect of Oral Motor Therapy on Feeding Difficulties and Eating Behaviors in Younger ASD Children
Authors: Khan Heena , Parveen Sheeba , Dwivedi Amitabh 
Published: October 2021

Background: A variety of feeding difficulties like aversion of food, food selectivity, complete food refusal are the most common problems reported by the Parents of ASD children. Every parent of ASD children struggles to manage their child’s feeding routine as well as undesirable mealtime behaviours, which can cause parental concern and poor family dynamics.
Aim: 1) The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of dedicated oral motor work in children with ASD who presented with feeding difficulty. 2) To determine parental concerns related to feeding behavior shown by their child and assess whether an additional home program in parallel with oral motor work by an Occupational Therapist would provide any benefits.
Methods: This is a pre and post study where a total number of 18 ASD children at the age of 2-4 year old were participated and selected through BPFAS, out of which 15 copies were considered to be concerned with the oral motor and feeding difficulties of the child. Therefore, 15 participants who were facing feeding difficulties with their children were recruited. Concerned Participants were further assessed by Occupational therapist with the help of ‘The com deall Oro-motor assessment scale for toddlers’.
Results: According to The Com Deall Oral-motor assessment scale, some changes observed in the oral motor skills and When parental concern is considered via home plan including mealtime strategies with oral motor activities, the post intervention result showed decrease in Total problem score as well as in Total frequency score.
Conclusion: The study concluded that continuous structured direct oral motor work as well as addressing parental concerns via home programs is helpful for the ASD children and gives better understanding of feeding difficulties to their parents. Also, some changes have been seen in oral motor skills through continuous practice of oral motor activities by the therapist.
Physical Training as a Blood Pressure Reducer and a Remodeler of Cardiac Fibers in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)
Authors: Mauad Cintra Mariana Molinar , Ribeiro Bizuti Matheus , Barbosa Neto Octávio , Antônia dos Reis Marlene , Rocha Lenaldo Branco , Resende e Silva Débora Tavares de 
Published: October 2021

Background: Hypertension is the most prevalent of all cardiovascular diseases, reaching target organs such as the heart. Blood pressure control is critical for preventing organ damage induced by hypertension.
Objective: To analyze blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular thickness, the percentage of cardiac fibrosis and the percentage of type III collagen in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) submitted to swimming physical training.
Methods: The experimental groups were composed of male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats (309-311g), which were divided into: 1) Normotensive Sedentary group (SN) (n = 6); 2) Trained Normotensive group (TN) (n = 6); 3) Sedentary Hypertensive group (SH) (n = 6); 4) Trained Hypertensive group (TH) (n = 6). After the end of the protocol, the animals were initially anesthetized to measure blood pressure.
Results: Physical training was responsible for decreasing blood pressure (F = 16,968; p <0.001) and heart rate (F = 10.710; p = 0.004) in the trained groups (normotensive and hypertensive). Moreover, training was responsible for providing an increase in the thickness of the left ventricle (F = 7,254; p = 0.014) and a reduction in the percentage of cardiac fibrosis (F = 16,081; p <0.001). Furthermore, it was observed that the trained group had lower values of type III collagen (F = 13,166; p = 0.002).
Conclusions: Physical swimming training triggered a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate, the percentage of fibrosis and the percentage of type III collagen. In addition, there was also a cardiac remodeling due to the increase in left ventricular hypertrophy.
Construction of a Highly Sensitive Thiol‐Reactive AIEgen‐Peptide Conjugate for Monitoring Protein Unfolding and Aggregation in Cells
Authors: Sabouri Soheila , Liu Mengjie , Zhang Shouxiang , Yao Bicheng , Soleimaninejad Hamid , Baxter Amy A. , Armendariz‐Vidales Georgina , Subedi Pramod , Duan Chong , Lou Xiaoding , Hogan Conor F. , Heras Begoña , Poon Ivan K. H. , Hong Yuning 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImpairment of the protein quality control network leads to the accumulation of unfolded and aggregated proteins. Direct detection of unfolded protein accumulation in the cells may provide the possibility for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Here a new platform based on a peptide‐conjugated thiol‐reactive aggregation‐induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen), named MI‐BTD‐P (or D1), for labeling and tracking unfolded proteins in cells is reported. In vitro experiments with model proteins show that the non‐fluorescent D1 only becomes highly fluorescent when reacted with the thiol group of free cysteine (Cys) residues on unfolded proteins but not glutathione or folded proteins with buried or surface exposed Cys. When the labeled unfolded proteins form aggregates, D1 fluorescence intensity is further increased, and fluorescence lifetime is prolonged. D1 is then used to measure unfolded protein loads in cells by flow cytometry and track the aggregate formation of the D1 labeled unfolded proteins using confocal microscopy. In combination with fluorescence lifetime imaging technique, the proteome at different folding statuses can be better differentiated, demonstrating the versatility of this new platform. The rational design of D1 demonstrates the outlook of incorporation of diverse functional groups to achieve maximal sensitivity and selectivity in biological samples.
Anti‐Counterfeiting White Light Printed Image Multiplexing by Fast Nanosecond Laser Processing
Authors: Dalloz Nicolas , Le Van Doan , Hebert Mathieu , Eles Balint , Flores Figueroa Manuel A. , Hubert Christophe , Ma Hongfeng , Sharma Nipun , Vocanson Francis , Ayala Stéphane , Destouches Nathalie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPassive plasmonic metasurfaces enable image multiplexing by displaying different images when altering the conditions of observation. Under white light, three‐image multiplexing with polarization‐selective switching has been recently demonstrated using femtosecond‐laser‐processed random plasmonic metasurfaces. Here, the implementation of image multiplexing is extended, thanks to a color‐search algorithm, to various observation modes compatible with naked‐eye observation under incoherent white light and to four‐image multiplexing under polarized light. The laser‐processed random plasmonic metasurfaces enabling image multiplexing exhibit self‐organized patterns that can diffract light or induce dichroism through hybridization between the localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles and a lattice resonance. Improved spatial resolution makes the image quality compatible with commercial use in secured documents as well as the processing time and cost thanks to the use of a nanosecond laser. This high‐speed and flexible laser process, based on energy‐efficient nanoparticle reshaping and self‐organization, produces centimeter‐scale customized tamper‐proof images at low cost, which can serve as overt security features.
Brain energy failure in dementia syndromes: Opportunities and challenges for glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists
Authors: Yassine Hussein N. , Solomon Victoria , Thakral Angad , Sheikh‐Bahaei Nasim , Chui Helena C. , Braskie Meredith N. , Schneider Lon. S. , Talbot Konrad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMedications for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) offer a promising path for discovery and development of effective interventions for dementia syndromes. A common feature of dementia syndromes is an energy failure due to reduced energy supply to neurons and is associated with synaptic loss and results in cognitive decline and behavioral changes. Among diabetes medications, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists (RAs) promote protective effects on vascular, microglial, and neuronal functions. In this review, we present evidence from animal models, imaging studies, and clinical trials that support developing GLP‐1 RAs for dementia syndromes. The review examines how changes in brain energy metabolism differ in conditions of insulin resistance and T2DM from dementia and underscores the challenges that arise from the heterogeneity of dementia syndromes. The development of GLP‐1 RAs as dementia therapies requires a deeper understanding of the regional changes in brain energy homeostasis guided by novel imaging biomarkers.
Electrochemical technologies for per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances mitigation in drinking water and water treatment residuals
Authors: Ryan Donald R. , Mayer Brooke K. , Baldus Claire K. , McBeath Sean T. , Wang Yin , McNamara Patrick J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWater treatment technologies are needed that can convert per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into inorganic products (e.g., CO2, F−) that are less toxic than parent PFAS compounds. Research on electrochemical treatment processes such as electrocoagulation and electrooxidation has demonstrated proof‐of‐concept PFAS removal and destruction. However, research has primarily been conducted in laboratory matrices that are electrochemically favorable (e.g., high initial PFAS concentration [μg/L–mg/L], high conductivity, and absence of oxidant scavengers). Electrochemical treatment is also a promising technology for treating PFAS in water treatment residuals from nondestructive technologies (e.g., ion exchange, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis). Future electrochemical PFAS treatment research should focus on environmentally relevant PFAS concentrations (i.e., ng/L), matrix conductivity, natural organic matter impacts, short‐chain PFAS removal, transformation products analysis, and systems‐level analysis for cost evaluation.Article Impact StatementElectrochemical treatment is capable of destroying per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances, but future research should reflect more realistic drinking water sources.
Tailoring Preferential Orientation in BaTiO3‐based Thin Films from Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition
Authors: Bakken Kristine , Blichfeld Anders B. , Nylund Inger‐Emma , Chernyshov Dmitry , Glaum Julia , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFerroelectric properties of thin films can be enhanced by crystallographic texture. In this work, we report on how heat treatment of films can be designed to tailor the degree of preferential orientation in BaTiO3‐based thin films from aqueous chemical solution deposition. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction in combination with Rietveld refinements was used to study the crystallization process of films from a single deposition and to give an in‐depth characterization of the crystallographic texture of the films. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to evaluate the microstructure and degree of preferred orientation in thicker films from multiple depositions. Texture was induced in the multilayer films by a repeated annealing process. Cube‐on‐cube growth was demonstrated to occur in both single and multi‐layered films provided the heating program was designed to give limited nucleation and growth below the threshold for where cube‐on‐cube growth is favoured, resulting in a very high degree of preferred orientation. The cube‐on‐cube grown films were relaxed with respect to the lattice unit cell mismatch between the film and the substrate, where the relaxation of stress depends on the film thickness. Texture and cube‐on‐cube growth were demonstrated on several types of single‐crystal oxide substrates. Calcium and zirconium substitution did not alter the crystallization process, but zirconium slowed down the texture formation kinetics. The ferroelectric response was strongest in the films with a high degree of preferred orientation.
Model responses to CO2 and warming are underestimated without explicit representation of Arctic small‐mammal grazing
Authors: Rastetter Edward B. , Griffin Kevin L. , Rowe Rebecca J. , Gough Laura , McLaren Jennie R. , Boelman Natalie T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how “explicitly representing grazers” vs. “having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model” alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer‐mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate compared with the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small‐mammal grazers in a tundra as an example and find that the typical three‐to‐four‐year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small‐mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change, relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.
The influence of platinum surface oxidation on the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell—probing changes of catalytically active surface sites on a polycrystalline platinum electrode for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Eckl Maximilian Johann , Mattausch Yannick , Jung Christoph Karsten , Kirsch Sebastian , Schmidt Lasse , Huebner Gerold , Mueller Jonathan Edward , Kibler Ludwig Alfons , Jacob Timo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo obtain fundamental insights into the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, we perform a parallel investigation of the influence of platinum surface oxide (PtO) formation on the electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for a polycrystalline platinum electrode in comparison with a commercial PEM fuel cell. PtO is formed by holding both systems at a constant potential for a given period of time. Conditioning potentials between 0.5 and 1.0 V versus SHE and conditioning times from 5 s up to 10 h are explored, respectively. We find that the voltage difference of the ORR between the oxidized and oxide‐free states depends on both the conditioning potential as well as the conditioning time at a given potential and furthermore increases with the applied target current. The change of the voltage loss over time, the so‐called voltage loss rate α, shows a maximum at potentials between 0.85 and 0.9 V and increases with increasing current density. We discuss various hypotheses to explain these findings obtained by linear voltammetry, Tafel slope analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy experiments. Finally, we conclude that the voltage loss rate is influenced by changes in the relative electrocatalytic activity of different crystal facets for the ORR as the oxide coverage varies.
Combination of antiseizure medications phenobarbital, ketamine, and midazolam reduces soman‐induced epileptogenesis and brain pathology in rats
Authors: Lumley Lucille A. , Marrero‐Rosado Brenda , Rossetti Franco , Schultz Caroline R. , Stone Michael F. , Niquet Jerome , Wasterlain Claude G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveCholinergic‐induced status epilepticus (SE) is associated with a loss of synaptic gamma‐aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAAR) and an increase in N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) that may contribute to pharmacoresistance when treatment with benzodiazepine antiseizure medication is delayed. The barbiturate phenobarbital enhances inhibitory neurotransmission by binding to a specific site in the GABAAR to increase the open state of the channel, decrease neuronal excitability, and reduce glutamate‐induced currents through AMPA/kainate receptors. We hypothesized that phenobarbital as an adjunct to midazolam would augment the amelioration of soman‐induced SE and associated neuropathological changes and that further protection would be provided by the addition of an NMDAR antagonist.MethodsWe investigated the efficacy of combining antiseizure medications to include a benzodiazepine and a barbiturate allosteric GABAAR modulator (midazolam and phenobarbital, respectively) to correct loss of inhibition, and ketamine to reduce excitation caused by increased synaptic localization of NMDAR and AMPAR, which are NMDA‐dependent. Rats implanted with transmitters to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity were exposed to soman and treated with atropine sulfate and HI‐6 one min after exposure and with antiseizure medication(s) 40 minutes after seizure onset.ResultsThe triple therapy combination of phenobarbital, midazolam, and ketamine administered at 40 minutes after seizure onset effectively prevented soman‐induced epileptogenesis and reduced neurodegeneration. In addition, dual therapy with phenobarbital and midazolam or ketamine was more effective than monotherapy (midazolam or phenobarbital) in reducing cholinergic‐induced toxicity.SignificanceBenzodiazepine efficacy is drastically reduced with time after seizure onset and inversely related to seizure duration. To overcome pharmacoresistance in severe benzodiazepine‐refractory cholinergic‐induced SE, simultaneous drug combination to include drugs that target both the loss of inhibition (eg, midazolam, phenobarbital) and the increased excitatory response (eg, ketamine) is more effective than benzodiazepine or barbiturate monotherapy.
Feminist pedagogy through the small fieldnote
Authors: Bedi Tarini , Aggarwal Aditi , Chaet Josephine , Malik Lakshita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis collectively written essay reflects collaborations between three graduate students and their dissertation advisor. We turn to inspirations like Zora Neale Hurston to make our fieldnotes central to collective writing, thinking and translation across language and discursive traditions. We usesmall fieldnotein a subversive sense to illustrate a feminist mode of this pedagogical exercise and to refuse foreclosure of our analysis. We push back against the burden of working with complete pieces of writing, and the anthropological commitment to the thickness of description. Anthropological pedagogy conventionally attributes to thick description and completeness, not just scholarly superiority but also a moral one. Using a feminist pedagogical approach that centers the small as possibility troubles presumptions of conventional anthropological pedagogy. Instead, we picked notes from one or two ethnographic encounters or a single day of fieldwork to experiment collectively with where they could lead us. The essay that has resulted from this collective feminist classroom is what we see as afeminist‐dividualpiece of pedagogy and writing. We anticipate that it will provide others a hopeful way to begin and sustain intellectual collaborations and writing across scholarly generations by celebrating the potential of small, incomplete, and otherwise uncelebrated pieces of writing.
Elective cesarean delivery at term and its effects on respiratory distress at birth in Japan: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Horiuchi Sayaka , Shinohara Ryoji , Otawa Sanae , Kushima Megumi , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Kojima Reiji , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Miyake Kunio , Yamagata Zentaro ,   The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsEarly‐term birth between 37 and 38 weeks of gestation increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. This study investigated the status and impact of early‐term birth among neonates born by cesarean section in Japan.MethodsAll singleton live births that had data of gestational age at birth available in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), a nationwide birth cohort study launched in 2011, were eligible for this study. Neonates born by cesarean delivery at term without indications for early delivery were included to examine the association between early‐term birth and respiratory distress at birth. The gestational age at birth was categorized as 37 weeks 0 day to 38 weeks 6 days (early‐term), 39 weeks 0 day to 40 weeks 6 day (full‐term), and 41 weeks 0 day to 41 weeks 6 days (late‐term). Respiratory distress at birth included respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea, and difficulty in breathing after birth. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using logistic regression models with a two‐tailed significance level of 5%. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.4, for Windows (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).ResultsIn total, 32 078 of 100 011 (32.1%) neonates had early‐term birth. At 37 gestational weeks, 49.7% of the deliveries were via cesarean section, and half of the cesarean deliveries were due to a previous cesarean section. Among the 10 051 neonates born by elective cesarean delivery at term, neonates with early‐term births were more likely to have respiratory distress at birth (adjusted odds ratio: 4.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.70, 10.34) than those born at full term.ConclusionsEarly‐term birth is associated with a high risk of respiratory distress in births involving cesarean delivery without indication for early delivery. There is a need for guidelines for early delivery considering adverse effects of early‐term births.