bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TTN/OBSCN ‘Double‐Hit’ predicts favourable prognosis, ‘immune‐hot’ subtype and potentially better immunotherapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Wang Libo , Guo Chunguang , Liu Long , Jiao Dechao , Sun Zhenqiang , Wu Kunpeng , Zhao Yanan , Han Xinwei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Although treatment strategies for solid tumours have been revolutionized by immunotherapy, only a small subset of CRC patients benefit. Using two‐independent cohorts, we found the common frequently mutated genes TTN and OBSCN had the significant correlation with higher tumour mutation burden (TMB) and favourable overall survival. TTN and OBSCN also displayed significant commutation phenomenon. Therefore, based on the status of TTN and OBSCN, we stratified patients into ‘Double‐WT’ phenotype, ‘Single‐Hit’ phenotype and ‘Double‐Hit’ phenotype. Importantly, the ‘Double‐Hit’ phenotype had favourable prognosis, low malignant events propensity, and highest TMB, immune cells infiltration abundance, POLE mutation rate, microsatellite instability ratio, as well as immune checkpoints expression compared with the other two phenotypes. These results indicated that the ‘Double‐Hit’ phenotype suggested ‘immune‐hot’ tumours and potentially better immunotherapeutic efficacy. Bioinformatic algorithm assessment of immunotherapy responses also confirmed this conclusion, and the ‘Double‐Hit’ phenotype was found to be a better predictor of immunotherapy than PD‐L1, PD‐1, CTLA‐4, TMB and microsatellite status. This study revealed CRC patients with TTN/OBSCN ‘Double‐Hit’ was significantly associated favourable prognosis, ‘immune‐hot’ subtype and potentially better immunotherapeutic efficacy.
Executive function mediates the prospective association between neurostructural differences within the central executive network and anti‐social behavior after childhood traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ryan Nicholas P. , Catroppa Cathy , Hughes Nathan , Painter Felicity L. , Hearps Stephen , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Anderson Vicki A. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDespite increasing evidence of a link between early life brain injury and anti‐social behavior, very few studies have assessed factors that explain this association in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). One hypothesis suggests that childhood TBI elevates risk for anti‐social behavior via disruption to anatomically distributed neural networks implicated in executive functioning (EF). In this longitudinal prospective study, we employed high‐resolution structural neuroimaging to (a) evaluate the impact of childhood TBI on regional morphometry of the central executive network (CEN) and (b) evaluate the prediction that lower EF mediates the prospective relationship between structural differences within the CEN and postinjury anti‐social behaviors.MethodsThis study involved 155 children, including 112 consecutively recruited, hospital‐confirmed cases of mild‐severe TBI and 43 typically developing control (TDC) children. T1‐weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were acquired sub‐acutely in a subset of 137 children [TBI: n = 103; TDC: n = 34]. All participants were evaluated using direct assessment of EF 6 months postinjury, and parents provided ratings of anti‐social behavior 12 months postinjury.ResultsSevere TBI was associated with postinjury volumetric differences within the CEN and its putative hub regions. When compared with TD controls, the TBI group had significantly worse EF, which was associated with more frequent anti‐social behaviors and abnormal CEN morphometry. Mediation analysis indicated that reduced EF mediated the prospective association between postinjury volumetric differences within the CEN and more frequent anti‐social behavior.ConclusionsOur longitudinal prospective findings suggest that detection of neurostructural abnormalities within the CEN may aid in the early identification of children at elevated risk for postinjury executive dysfunction, which may in turn contribute to chronic anti‐social behaviors after early life brain injury. Findings underscore the potential value of early surveillance and preventive measures for children presenting with neurostructural and/or neurocognitive risk factors.
Moderators of response to child‐based and parent‐based child anxiety treatment: a machine learning‐based analysis
Authors: Lebowitz Eli R. , Zilcha‐Mano Sigal , Orbach Meital , Shimshoni Yaara , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIdentifying moderators of response to treatment for childhood anxiety can inform clinical decision‐making and improve overall treatment efficacy. We examined moderators of response to child‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and parent‐based SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) in a recent randomized clinical trial.MethodsWe applied a machine learning approach to identify moderators of treatment response to CBT versus SPACE, in a clinical trial of 124 children with primary anxiety disorders. We tested the clinical benefit of prescribing treatment based on the identified moderators by comparing outcomes for children randomly assigned to their optimal and nonoptimal treatment conditions. We further applied machine learning to explore relations between moderators and shed light on how they interact to predict outcomes. Potential moderators included demographic, socioemotional, parenting, and biological variables. We examined moderation separately for child‐reported, parent‐reported, and independent‐evaluator‐reported outcomes.ResultsParent‐reported outcomes were moderated by parent negativity and child oxytocin levels. Child‐reported outcomes were moderated by baseline anxiety, parent negativity, and parent oxytocin levels. Independent‐evaluator‐reported outcomes were moderated by baseline anxiety. Children assigned to their optimal treatment condition had significantly greater reduction in anxiety symptoms, compared with children assigned to their nonoptimal treatment. Significant interactions emerged between the identified moderators.ConclusionsOur findings represent an important step toward optimizing treatment selection and increasing treatment efficacy.
Adolescent electronic cigarette counselling: knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers among clinical staff in a primary care setting
Authors: McGee Lindy U. , Parker Susan , Bulsara Shaun , Escobar Betsy , Kline Kimberly N. , Jibaja‐Weiss Maria L. , Montealegre Jane R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers (KAP) regarding e‐cigarette use counselling among adolescent healthcare clinical staff in an urban system, and to compare results between providers and rooming staff.MethodsPrimary care clinical staff (n = 169) completed an anonymous survey. Descriptive statistics and Chi‐square tests were used to summarize data and compare KAP between medical providers and rooming staff.ResultsStaff wanted to learn more about e‐cigarettes (87.6%). The most common knowledge deficits were how to use the 5As + 5Rs model for tobacco cessation counselling (66.7%) and the chemical content of e‐liquids (55.4%), with no differences across groups. Overall, 58% of providers expressed confidence in their ability to talk with adolescent patients about e‐cigarette use. The most common barriers to counselling were low knowledge about e‐cigarettes (74.0%) and how to refer adolescent patients for cessation support (43.8%).ConclusionsProvider and rooming staff expressed similar educational needs surrounding e‐cigarettes, counselling, and treatment for adolescent patients. Clinical staff expressed confidence in their ability to affect change. There were no differences in the identified knowledge gaps or barriers to care between rooming staff and providers, suggesting that the same educational format can be used to target both groups.
Ultrastructural Changes of the Mitochondrion During the Life Cycle of Trypanosomabrucei
Authors: Bílý Tomáš , Sheikh Shaghayegh , Mallet Adeline , Bastin Philippe , Pérez‐Morga David , Lukeš Julius , Hashimi Hassan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe mitochondrion is crucial for ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation, among other processes. Cristae are invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane that house nearly all the macromolecular complexes that perform oxidative phosphorylation. The unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei undergoes during its life cycle extensive remodeling of its single mitochondrion, which reflects major changes in its energy metabolism. While the bloodstream form (BSF) generates ATP exclusively by substrate‐level phosphorylation and has a morphologically highly reduced mitochondrion, the insect‐dwelling procyclic form (PCF) performs oxidative phosphorylation and has an expanded and reticulated organelle. Here, we have performed high‐resolution 3D reconstruction of BSF and PCF mitochondria, with a particular focus on their cristae. By measuring the volumes and surface areas of these structures in complete or nearly complete cells, we have found that mitochondrial cristae are more prominent in BSF than previously thought and their biogenesis seems to be maintained during the cell cycle. Furthermore, PCF cristae exhibit a surprising range of volumes in situ, implying that each crista is acting as an independent bioenergetic unit. Cristae appear to be particularly enriched in the region of the organelle between the nucleus and kinetoplast, the mitochondrial genome, suggesting this part has distinctive properties.
Harmful dinoflagellateCochlodinium polykrikoidesimpairs the feeding behavior of larval sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)
Authors: Pascucci Daniel , Gobler Christopher J. , Rountos Konstantine J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch evaluating the toxicity of the harmful dinoflagellateCochlodinium(a.k.a.Margalefidinium)polykrikoideshas been dominated by acute bioassays while the sublethal effects remain less well understood. This study examined the sublethal effects ofC. polykrikoidesexposure on the feeding behavior of larval estuarine fish. Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) larvae were used in feeding experiments which assessed the total consumption of zooplankton prey (i.e.,Artemianauplii) over defined time periods. Larvae exposed to intermediate concentrations (i.e., 102 cells ml−1) of clonal cultures ofC. polykrikoidessaw statistically significant reductions (range = 10%–81%) in theArtemiaconsumed compared to controls (i.e., filtered seawater, culture media or nontoxin producing dinoflagellate). These reductions were found independent of whether the larvae were fed or starved prior to experimentation. As these concentrations are similar to those typically found during mild blooms or at the periphery of dense blooms, these findings have significant implications for the feeding behavior of ichthyoplankton.
Hybrid drying of pulped arabica coffee cherry beans (Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuai) using a hexagonal microwave dryer designed by numerical simulations
Authors: da Costa Felipe Orlando , Alvarenga Thatielle Ferreira , de Mesquita Thamara Vieira Correia , Petri Júnior Irineu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe consumption of specialty coffees has been increasing significantly in recent years. Their quality is influenced by several factors and the drying method is the most important. In order to reduce drying time and maintain the quality of the coffee, several techniques have been used, among which the microwave‐assisted convective drying stands out. In this work, a hexagonal microwave dryer was developed using numerical simulation techniques; then some parameters were evaluated in drying of special coffee using air at room temperature and microwaves heating, named hybrid drying. The results showed that the simulations reaches good results, being possible its use in the prediction of the electromagnetic fields and dimensioning of hexagonal cavities. In addition, the prototype performed well in the coffee drying, influenced by the coffee mass, temperature and time, reducing the moisture content from 50.4 to 10 g/100 g wet basis in 5 hr. The hybrid drying was advantageous compared with convective or microwave drying processes.Practical applicationsSpecial coffees require long drying times so that there is no loss of product quality. The application of hybrid drying by including microwave heating in the drying equipment reduces the energy cost and the processing time, providing an improvement in the processing of specialty coffees. Through this work, it was possible to verify the scale‐up potential of the microwave cavities by simulation and the hybrid drying of special coffees. The use of numerical simulation techniques for the design and scale‐up of microwave cavities will help researchers and the industry to dimension cavities for use in several scientific areas, further spreading hybrid drying via microwave.
COVID‐19 and human papillomavirus: Paradoxical immunity
Authors: Demirbaş Abdullah , Eker Hediye , Elmas Ömer Faruk , Ulutaş Demirbaş Gözde , Atasoy Mustafa , Türsen Ümit , Lotti Torello 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a multisystemic disease that can cause progressive lung failure, organ dysfunction, and coagulation disorder associated with high mortality and morbidity. COVID‐19 is known to either primarily cause skin symptoms or increase existing skin diseases. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus that can cause benign and malignant neoplasms. Mucocutaneous verruca vulgaris are common benign lesions of HPV. Here, we report a case of verruca vulgaris regressed after COVID‐19.
Sublethal biomass loss in Egregia menziesii (Phaeophyceae) reveals diffuse meristem tissue
Authors: Fulton‐Bennett Heather K. 
Published: February 2021

Sublethal biomass loss has been found to have a variety of effects on marine macroalgae, from decreasing reproductive output to increasing individual survival and frond density. The ability of an individual to recover and persist through herbivore and wave damage is facilitated by the location of several meristematic growth regions throughout an individual. In kelps (Order Laminariales), meristems are found basally at the holdfast, at the base of each blade, and/or apically on each frond. In the intertidal kelp Egregia menziesii, fronds are thought to have an intercalary meristem at a transition zone between the main frond's midrib and a small terminal lamina. This study examined the effect of removing the terminal blade and transition zone on the elongation of the frond and found no significant difference in growth, contrary to expectations. Elongation occurred in the 30 cm of midrib at the apical end of fronds and was not isolated at the base of the terminal lamina as was previously thought. These results indicate the presence of a diffuse meristematic growth region that has not been reported in other kelps and may be an advantage for this intertidal species.
Molecular control of the floral transition in the mast seeding plant Celmisia lyallii (Asteraceae)
Authors: Samarth  , Lee Robyn , Kelly Dave , Turnbull Matthew H. , Macknight Richard C. , Poole Anthony M. , Jameson Paula E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMast flowering (or masting) is synchronous, highly variable flowering among years in populations of perennial plants. Despite having widespread consequences for seed consumers, endangered fauna and human health, masting is hard to predict. While observational studies show links to various weather patterns in different plant species, the mechanism(s) underpinning the regulation of masting is still not fully explained. We studied floral induction in Celmisia lyallii (Asteraceae), a mast flowering herbaceous alpine perennial, comparing gene expression in flowering and nonflowering plants. We performed translocation experiments to induce the floral transition in C. lyallii plants followed by both global and targeted expression analysis of flowering‐pathway genes. Differential expression analysis showed elevated expression of ClSOC1 and ClmiR172 (promoters of flowering) in leaves of plants that subsequently flowered, in contrast to elevated expression of ClAFT and ClTOE1 (repressors of flowering) in leaves of plants that did not flower. The warm summer conditions that promoted flowering led to differential regulation of age and hormonal pathway genes, including ClmiR172 and ClGA20ox2, known to repress the expression of floral repressors and permit flowering. Upregulated expression of epigenetic modifiers of floral promoters also suggests that plants may maintain a novel “summer memory” across years to induce flowering. These results provide a basic mechanistic understanding of floral induction in masting plants and evidence of their ability to imprint various environmental cues to synchronize flowering, allowing us to better predict masting events under climate change.
‘Americanism not globalism will be our credo!’: An analysis of the economic nationalism(s) of Trump's administration and an agenda for further research
Authors: Baltz Matthew J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDonald Trump has often been labelled an ‘economic nationalist’. But what does this mean, and what does his administration's economic nationalism look like in practice? This article argues that ‘economic nationalism’ remains too broad a category to be useful for analysis but can be salvaged if economic nationalists are distinguished by their relationships to the state, namely, by the primary ends to which they seek to use state power and by the organizations of the state they target to achieve those ends. Doing so results in a typology dividing economic nationalism into four variants: militarist, developmental, liberal and populist. Applying this typology to an analysis of Donald Trump's presidency reveals an administration dominated by economic nationalism's populist, liberal and militarist variants. The article concludes by outlining an agenda for future research on the subject.
Nationalism in the neoliberal order: Old wine in new bottles?
Authors: Joppke Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the forms and contents of contemporary nationalism in Europe and North America, what used to be called the ‘West’. This nationalism responds in opposite and sometimes contradictory ways to a neoliberal order of globalization, welfare‐state retreat and a heightened sense of insecurity. I distinguish between populist and statist forms of contemporary nationalism, and within the statist between a compensatory and a constitutive logic of linking it with neoliberalism. Under the constitutive logic, nationalism may adopt certain features of the neoliberal order itself, which yields a ‘neoliberal nationalism’. Nonethnic yet exclusive of those who are not contributing, this is a new entry in the nations and nationalism lexicon.
Positive baseline behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia predict a subsequent cognitive impairment in cognitively normal population
Authors: Tsunoda Keiichiro , Yamashita Toru , Osakada Yosuke , Sasaki Ryo , Tadokoro Koh , Matsumoto Namiko , Nomura Emi , Hatanaka Noriko , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Abe Koji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are sometimes prodromal symptoms of dementia, it is important to investigate the relationship between BPSD and subsequent cognitive decline.MethodsWe examined the cognitive and affective functions of 76 cognitively normal subjects at initial assessment (baseline) and 1‐year follow‐up. Cognitive function was assessed using clinical dementia rating (CDR) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and affective function was assessed using Abe's BPSD score (ABS) and mild behavioral impairment (MBI).ResultsAlthough there was no change in MMSE, ABS, or MBI after 1 year, the mean CDR score of 0 at baseline increased to 0.1 ± 0.2 at 1‐year follow‐up (**P < 0.01 vs baseline). No significant change in MMSE was found in both baseline ABS and MBI positive‐ or negative‐groups. In contrast, baseline MBI‐dependent CDR change showed a 13.2% of worsening in MBI‐negative subjects and a 62.5% of MBI‐positive subjects (††P < 0.01), but ABS not.ConclusionThe present data indicate that positive baseline BPSD with MBI was closely related to a subsequent CDR exacerbation. Examining BPSD may be useful for screening cognitively normal population for subsequent dementia development in local communities.
Spatiotemporal variation in completeness of the early cynodont fossil record and its implications for mammalian evolutionary history
Authors: Varnham Grace L. , Mannion Philip D. , Kammerer Christian F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMammals are the only surviving group of Cynodontia, a synapsid clade that first appeared in the fossil record in the late Permian, ~260 million years ago. Using three metrics that capture skeletal completeness, we quantify the quality of the early cynodont fossil record in time and space to evaluate the impact of sampling and preservational biases on our understanding of the group's evolutionary history. There is no consistent global sampling signal for early cynodonts. Completeness of the cynodont fossil record increases across the Permian–Triassic boundary, peaking in the Early to early Late Triassic. This peak is dominated by specimens from southern Africa and South America, where a highly seasonal climate probably favoured preservation. Completeness is generally lower thereafter, correlating with a shift from a Gondwanan to a predominantly Laurasian fossil record. Phylogenetic and stratigraphic congruence in early cynodonts is high, although their fossil record exhibits less skeletal completeness overall than other tetrapod clades, including the contemporaneous anomodont synapsids. This discrepancy could be due to differences in the diagnosability of their fossils, especially for small‐bodied species. Establishing the timing and assembly of derived (‘mammalian’) anatomical features in Cynodontia is obscured by sampling. Two of the major nodes at which acquisition of mammalian features is concentrated (Cynodontia and Mammaliamorpha) suffer from lengthy intervals of poor sampling before becoming abundant parts of tetrapod faunas. Low completeness in these intervals limits our ability to determine when certain ‘key’ mammalian characteristics evolved, or to identify the selective pressures that might have driven their origins.