bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and experimental investigation of sodium alginate composite films containing star anise ethanol extract/hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex
Authors: Zhang Guangjie , Guan Tianzhu , Zhang Jie , Zhang Tiehua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to prepare composite films incorporated with star anise ethanol extract (SAEE)/hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) inclusion complex. The effects of sodium alginate concentration on mechanical properties of films are tested. Sodium alginate, SAEE, and SAEE/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complex‐based composite films are characterized in terms of UV‐visible spectroscopy, microstructure characterizations, including transmission electron microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and 1H NMR analysis, and molecular modeling calculations. With various stoichiometries, the complexes of sodium alginate/SAEE/HP‐β‐CD are compared through both theoretical and experimental analyses. Molecular simulations are applied to predict the possible orientations of SAEE inside the HP‐β‐CD cavity and the optimal stoichiometry of the complex formation. According to the simulation, the system of sodium alginate/SAEE (or SAEE/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complex) in a 3:1 stoichiometry reaches the lowest total energy and achieves a balance in complex system. In addition, the composite films can maintain high‐content vitamin C and reduce weight loss rate of fresh‐cut Chinese yam. In conclusion, coinciding with the experimental results, the molecular modeling successfully calculates the reasonable molecular structure and molecular behavior of sodium alginate/SAEE/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complex. The composite films in this study have the potential to be used for food packaging applications.Practical ApplicationIn this paper, we present composite films incorporated with star anise ethanol extract (SAEE)/hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) inclusion complex for the use of fresh‐cut Chinese yam preservation. The present study demonstrates a successful application of molecular modeling to predict the geometry of the final complex. It can serve as a powerful tool to calculate the energy of association between inclusion complex and sodium alginate molecules.
Petroleum Migration Characteristics in the Northeastern Part of the Baiyun Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
Authors: ZENG Jianhui , WANG Chen , GUO Shuai , YU Yixin , ZHANG Zhongtao , YANG Haizhang , ZHAO Zhao , SUN Rui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the origin and migration characteristics of petroleum in the northeastern part of the Baiyun Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB). The discovered petroleum in the study area is mainly located in the Lower Zhujiang Member (N1z2) and mainly originated from the Enping Formation source rocks in the eastern sag. Active faults (vertical migration) and N1z2sandstones (lateral migration) acted as the petroleum migration systems. The fault activities in the Dongsha event controlled the episodic petroleum migration. Fractures in the fault zones provided effective conduits, and overpressure was the driving force. The vertical migration could not cross the fault zones laterally. The petroleum injection areas in the carrier beds were the contact zones of petroleum‐migration faults and carrier beds. The lateral migration was steady‐state migration, and buoyancy was the driving force. The migration pathways in the carrier beds were controlled by the structural morphology. Secondary petroleum migration in the study area could be divided into two parts: vertical migration along the fractures in the fault zones and lateral migration through preferential petroleum migration pathways (PPMPs) in the carrier beds. The petroleum migration behaviors, including migrating direction, driving force, and migration pattern, in the faults and sandstone carrier beds were quite different. This study provides a typical example for comprehending secondary migration processes and has great importance for determining future exploration targets in the deep‐water area of the PRMB.
Uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic left pneumonectomy: Retrospective analysis of eighteen consecutive patients from a single center
Authors: Li Jiagen , Xue Qi , Gao Yushun , Mao Yousheng , Zhao Jun , Gao Shugeng 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundUniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is being more widely used in lung cancer, yet reports on its application in pneumonectomies are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic left pneumonectomy for lung cancer.MethodsA series of 18 lung cancer patients who had received uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic left pneumonectomies were included in the study. Their clinical, pathological, and surgical features, as well as postoperative recovery, were analyzed.ResultsThe majority of the patients were male and smokers and their average age was 62.0 ± 8.9 years. All had primary lung cancer, while three (16.7%) had received neoadjuvant therapy. A total of 16 (88.9%) patients had stage II–III disease, with an average tumor size of 3.6 ± 1.5 cm. The average surgery time was 137.4 ± 47.0 minutes, with a 16.7% (3/18) conversion rate. The mean blood loss was 37.5 ± 59.4 mL and no patients needed blood transfusion during, or after, surgery. There was no perioperative death and the overall complication rate was 22.2% (4/18). Two (11.1%) patients needed to stay in the intensive care unit after surgery, and the average length of hospital stay after surgery was 6.3 ± 1.1 days (range 4–7 days).ConclusionsUniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic left pneumonectomy is a safe and feasible procedure for selected lung cancer patients. The use of uniportal VATS in right pneumonectomies and the effect of uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy on the survival of patients merits further study.Patients receiving uniportal VATS pneumonectomies had standard surgical results and recovery. Uniportal VATS pneumonectomy is safe for properly selected lung cancer patients.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study: • Patients receiving uniportal VATS left pneumonectomies had standard surgical results and recovery.What this study adds: • Uniportal VATS left pneumonectomy is safe for properly selected lung cancer patients.
Peripheral airways type 2 inflammation, neutrophilia and microbial dysbiosis in severe asthma
Authors: Azim Adnan , Green Ben , Lau Laurie , Rupani Hitasha , Jayasekera Nivenka , Bruce Kenneth , Howarth Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIL‐13 is considered an archetypal T2 cytokine central to the clinical disease expression of asthma. The IL‐13 response genes, which are upregulated in central airway bronchial epithelial of asthma patients, can be normalized by high‐dose inhaled steroid therapy in severe asthma. However, this is not the case within the peripheral airways. We have sought to further understand IL‐13 in the peripheral airways in severe asthma through bronchoalveolar analysis.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected from 203 asthmatic and healthy volunteers, including 78 with severe asthma. Inflammatory mediators were measured using a multiple cytokine immunoassay platform. This analysis was replicated in a further 59 volunteers, in whom 16S rRNA analysis of BAL samples was undertaken by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsSevere asthma patients with high BAL IL‐13, despite treatment with high‐dose inhaled corticosteroids, had more severe lung function and significantly higher BAL neutrophil percentages, but not BAL eosinophils than those with normal BAL‐13 concentrations. This finding was replicated in the second cohort, which further associated BAL IL‐13 and neutrophilia with a greater abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the peripheral airways.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate a steroid unresponsive source of IL‐13 that is associated with BAL neutrophilia and bacterial dysbiosis in severe asthma. Our findings highlight the biological complexity of severe asthma and the importance of a greater understanding of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the peripheral airways in this disease.
Health behaviour change during the UK COVID‐19 lockdown: Findings from the first wave of the C‐19 health behaviour and well‐being daily tracker study
Authors: Naughton Felix , Ward Emma , Khondoker Mizanur , Belderson Pippa , Marie Minihane Anne , Dainty Jack , Hanson Sarah , Holland Richard , Brown Tracey , Notley Caitlin 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo provide baseline cohort descriptives and assess change in health behaviours since the UK COVID‐19 lockdown.DesignA prospective cohort (N = 1,044) of people recruited online, purposively targeting vulnerable populations.MethodsAfter a baseline survey (April 2020), participants completed 3 months of daily ecological momentary assessments (EMA). Dietary, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, vaping and substance use behaviours collected retrospectively for the pre‐COVID‐19 period were compared with daily EMA surveys over the first 30 days during early lockdown. Predictors of behaviour change were assessed using multivariable regression models.Results30% of the cohort had a COVID‐19 at risk health condition, 37% were classed as deprived and 6% self‐reported a mental health condition. Relative to pre‐pandemic levels, participants ate almost one portion of fruit and vegetables less per day (vegetables mean difference −0.33, 95% CI −0.40, −0.25; fruit −0.57, 95% CI −0.64, −0.50), but showed no change in high sugar portions per day (−0.03, 95% CI −0.12, 0.06). Participants spent half a day less per week doing ≥30 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (−0.57, 95% CI −0.73, −0.40) but slightly increased days of strength training (0.21, 95% CI 0.09, 0.34), increased alcohol intake (AUDIT‐C score change 0.25, 95% CI 0.13, 0.37), though did not change smoking, vaping or substance use behaviour. Worsening health behaviour change was associated with being younger, female and higher body mass index.ConclusionsThe cohort reported worsening health behaviours during early lockdown. Longer term changes will be investigated using further waves of data collection.
Mediators of cerebral hypoperfusion and blood‐brain barrier leakiness in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia
Authors: Tayler Hannah , Miners J. Scott , Güzel Özge , MacLachlan Rob , Love Seth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cerebral hypoperfusion and blood‐brain barrier (BBB) leakiness contribute to brain damage. In this study, we have measured biochemical markers and mediators of cerebral hypoperfusion and BBB in the frontal (BA6) and parietal (BA7) cortex and underlying white matter, to investigate the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in AD, VaD and mixed dementia. The ratio of myelin‐associated glycoprotein to proteolipid protein‐1 (MAG:PLP1), a post‐mortem biochemical indicator of the adequacy of ante‐mortem cerebral perfusion; the concentration of fibrinogen adjusted for haemoglobin level, a marker of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) leakiness; the level of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF), a marker of tissue hypoxia; and endothelin‐1 (EDN1), a potent vasoconstrictor, were measured by ELISA in the frontal and parietal cortex and underlying white matter in 94 AD, 20 VaD, 33 mixed dementia cases and 58 age‐matched controls. All cases were assessed neuropathologically for small vessel disease (SVD), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) severity, Aβ and phospho‐tau parenchymal load, and Braak tangle stage. Aβ40 and Aβ42 were measured by ELISA in guanidine‐HCl tissue extracts. We found biochemical evidence of cerebral hypoperfusion in AD, VaD and mixed dementia to be associated with SVD, Aβ level, plaque load, EDN1 level and Braak tangle stage, and to be most widespread in mixed dementia. There was evidence of BBB leakiness in AD—limited to the cerebral cortex and related to EDN1 level. In conclusion, abnormalities of cerebral perfusion and BBB function in common types of dementia can largely be explained by a combination of arteriolosclerosis, and Aβ‐, tau‐ and endothelin‐related vascular dysfunction. The relative contributions of these processes vary considerably both between and within the diseases.
Congenital cervical spine malformation due to bi‐allelic RIPPLY2 variants in spondylocostal dysostosis type 6
Authors: Wegler Meret , Roth Christian , Schumann Eckehard , Kogan Jillene , Totten Ellen , Guillen Sacoto Maria J. , Abou Jamra Rami , Hornemann Frauke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRIPPLY2 is an essential part of the formation of somite patterning during embryogenesis and in establishment of rostro‐caudal polarity. Here, we describe three individuals from two families with compound‐heterozygous variants in RIPPLY2 (NM_001009994.2): c.238A > T, p.(Arg80*) and c.240‐4 T > G, p.(?), in two 15 and 20‐year‐old sisters, and a homozygous nonsense variant, c.238A > T, p.(Arg80*), in an 8 year old boy. All patients had multiple vertebral body malformations in the cervical and thoracic region, small or absent rib involvement, myelopathies, and common clinical features of SCDO6 including scoliosis, mild facial asymmetry, spinal spasticity and hemivertebrae. The nonsense variant can be classified as likely pathogenic based on the ACMG criteria while the splice variants must be classified as a variant of unknown significance. With this report on two further families, we confirm RIPPLY2 as the gene for SCDO6 and broaden the phenotype by adding myelopathy with or without spinal canal stenosis and spinal spasticity to the symptom spectrum.
Management guidelines for low anterior resection syndrome – the MANUEL project
Authors: Christensen Peter , IM Baeten Coen , Espín‐Basany Eloy , Martellucci Jacopo , Nugent Karen P , Zerbib Frank , Pellino Gianluca , Rosen Harald ,   MANUEL Project Working Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimLittle is known about the pathophysiology of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), and evidence concerning the management of patients diagnosed with this condition is scarce. The aim of the LARS Expert Advisory Panel was to develop practical guidance for healthcare professionals dealing with LARS.MethodThe ‘Management guidelines for low anterior resection syndrome’ (MANUEL) project was promoted by a team of eight experts in the assessment and management of patients with LARS. After a face‐to‐face meeting, a strategy was agreed to create a comprehensive, practical guide covering all aspects that were felt to be clinically relevant. Eight themes were decided upon and working groups established. Each working group generated a draft; these were collated by another collaborator into a manuscript, after a conference call. This was circulated among the collaborators, and it was revised following the comments received. A lay patient revised the manuscript, and contributed to a section containing a patient's perspective. The manuscript was again circulated and finalized. A final teleconference was held at the end of the project.ResultsThe guidance covers all aspects of LARS management, from pathophysiology, to assessment and management. Given the lack of sound evidence and the often poor quality of the studies, most of the recommendations and conclusions are based on the opinions of the experts.ConclusionsThe MANUEL project provides an up‐to‐date practical summary of the available evidence concerning LARS, with useful directions for healthcare professional and patients suffering from this debilitating condition.
Multiobjective optimization on adhesive bonding of aluminum‐carbon fiber laminate
Authors: Valdés Eduardo , Mosquera‐Artamonov J. D , Cruz‐Gonzalez Celso , Jaime Taha‐Tijerina Jose 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work presents a multi‐objective optimization methodology to find compromise adhesive bonding schemes that possess a great shear load and a low percentage of remaining fiber in the bonding. The joining overlap, adhesive type, and prior surface finishing are considered. The Pareto front of the multi‐objective response surface model is found with an Nondominated Sorting Genetic algorithm. The adhesive bonding factors are the adhesive (MP55420, Betamate 120, and DC‐80), the surface finishing (acetone cleaned and atmospheric plasma), and the overlapping distance of the test coupons.
Recent progress of animal transplantation studies for treating articular cartilage damage using pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yamashita Akihiro , Tsumaki Noriyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFocal articular cartilage damage can eventually lead to the onset of osteoarthritis with degradation around healthy articular cartilage. Currently, there are no drugs available that effectively repair articular cartilage damage. Several surgical techniques exist and are expected to prevent progression to osteoarthritis, but they do not offer a long‐term clinical solution. Recently, regenerative medicine approaches using human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have gained attention as new cell sources for therapeutic products. To translate PSCs to clinical application, appropriate cultures that produce large amounts of chondrocytes and hyaline cartilage are needed. So too are assays for the safety and efficacy of the cellular materials in preclinical studies including animal transplantation models. To confirm safety and efficacy, transplantation into the subcutaneous space and articular cartilage defects have been performed in animal models. All but one study we reviewed that transplanted PSC‐derived cellular products into articular cartilage defects found safe and effective recovery. However, for most of those studies, the quality of the PSCs was not verified, and the evaluations were done with small animals over short observation periods. Large animals and longer observation times are preferred. We will discuss the recent progress and future direction of the animal transplantation studies for the treatment of focal articular cartilage damages using PSCs.
Insights into the H2O2‐driven catalytic mechanism of fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
Authors: Hedison Tobias M. , Breslmayr Erik , Shanmugam Muralidharan , Karnpakdee Kwankao , Heyes Derren J. , Green Anthony P. , Ludwig Roland , Scrutton Nigel S. , Kracher Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) depolymerise crystalline cellulose and hemicellulose, supporting the utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for biorefinery and biomanufacturing processes. Recent investigations have shown that H2O2 is the most efficient cosubstrate for LPMOs. Understanding the reaction mechanism of LPMOs with H2O2 is therefore of importance for their use in biotechnological settings. Here, we have employed a variety of spectroscopic and biochemical approaches to probe the reaction of the fungal LPMO9C from N. crassa using H2O2 as a cosubstrate and xyloglucan as a polysaccharide substrate. We show that a single ‘priming’ electron transfer reaction from the cellobiose dehydrogenase partner protein supports up to 20 H2O2‐driven catalytic cycles of a fungal LPMO. Using rapid mixing stopped‐flow spectroscopy, alongside electron paramagnetic resonance and UV‐Vis spectroscopy, we reveal how H2O2 and xyloglucan interact with the enzyme and investigate transient species that form uncoupled pathways of NcLPMO9C. Our study shows how the H2O2 cosubstrate supports fungal LPMO catalysis and leaves the enzyme in the reduced Cu+ state following a single enzyme turnover, thus preventing the need for external protons and electrons from reducing agents or cellobiose dehydrogenase and supporting the binding of H2O2 for further catalytic steps. We observe that the presence of the substrate xyloglucan stabilises the Cu+ state of LPMOs, which may prevent the formation of uncoupled side reactions.
Oyster oligopeptide improving cyclophosphamide‐induced partial androgen deficiency of the aging male by promotion of testosterone synthesis
Authors: Jin Qiguan , Ma Yongqing , Shi Wenting , Wang Jing , Zhao Renqing , Zhang Haixin , Wu Meitong , Liu Wenying 
Published: January 2021

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oyster oligopeptide (OOP) at different doses on testosterone secretion and its regulating mechanism in partial androgen deficiency syndrome of aging male.MethodsThe cyclophosphamide‐induced partial androgen deficiency syndrome of the aging male rats were treated with a low, medium and high dose of OOP for 6 weeks.ResultsCyclophosphamide could decrease levels of total testosterone and luteinizing hormone in serum, and testosterone and glutathione peroxidase in testis, and increase malondialdehyde, and downregulate the mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, steroidogenic acute regulatory‐related lipid transfer domain 7 and P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme in testis (P < 0.05). All these changes were reversed by OOP co‐administration with different doses, although, OOP at a low dose did not increase serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and testicular glutathione peroxidase levels.ConclusionsOOP treatment with different doses can effectively reduce oxidative stress in testicular tissue, promote the synthesis of testosterone and then prevent the formation of partial androgen deficiency syndrome of the aging male, with optimal effect at medium dose. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 268–275.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and late presentation in Poland – data from Test and Keep in Care (TAK) Polska project
Authors: Jabłonowska E , Szetela B , Bielecki M , Horban A , Bociąga‐Jasik M , Mularska E , Hlebowicz M , Olczak A , Parczewski M , Grzeszczuk A , Bielec D , Cybula A , Kocbach‐Przudzik A , Ankiersztejn‐Bartczak M , Kowalska JD 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesLate presentation (LP) at HIV diagnosis is associated with worse prognosis and an increase in the number of new infections. We analyse the proportion of patients diagnosed late and factors related to LP in Poland in 2016–2017.MethodsData were obtained from 13 out of 17 HIV centres in Poland from 2016 and 2017, including date of diagnosis, age, sex, transmission route, anti‐hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV), Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) antibodies, AIDS diagnosis, baseline HIV viral load and CD4 count.ResultsOut of 1522 patients, 88.9% were male with median age of 33.6 years. Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprised 69.4% of all new infections, heterosexual route of transmission (HTX) 18.2% and injecting drug use (IDU) 4.7%.Late presenters comprised 44.8% of the study group. Factors associated with LP were female sex [odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.09–2.08], older age (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.42–1.79 per decade), route of transmission (HTX: OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.50–2.56; IDU: OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.92–5.37), positive HCV results (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.23–2.95) and syphilis diagnosis (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 2.29–3.31). Adjusting for these factors, the only independent factors associated with LP were age (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.35–1.71) and route of transmission (HTX: OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.23–2.44; IDU: OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.25–4.10).ConclusionsLate presentation in Poland follows European trends. A total of 44.8% of all newly diagnosed patients in Poland continue to present late or at the AIDS stage. Independent factors associated with LP/AIDS were older age, IDU and HTX. Patients from these groups should be targeted to improve early diagnosis and medical care.