bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intussusception caused by intestinal neoplasia in mature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)
Authors: Hoitsy Márton , Hoitsy György , Jakab Csaba , Molnár Tamás , Gál János , Baska Ferenc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aquaculture industry is growing and includes the farming and breeding of more than 580 aquatic species worldwide. The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) is the most commonly bred trout species in Hungary. As broodfish form the basis of most fish farms, investigation into tumours occurring in trout, although under‐researched, has proven to be a valuable and necessary field of study. During our investigation, we examined a broodstock of 3‐ to 6‐year‐old rainbow trouts (800) affected with idiopathic intestinal tumours (3%) which had consequentially led to ileus (40%). While performing necropsy, initial pathological observations showed intussusceptions. Tumours were discovered upon opening the body cavity, as well as metastasis forming in the livers and in the vessels of the gills. Histopathological and immunohistochemical tests allowed us to identify the neoplasms. The primary adenocarcinoma was found to have been developed within the intestines of the fish. The tumour tissue broke through the basal membrane and infiltrated the propria, protruding asymmetrically into the lumen of the mid‐intestines, causing it to narrow significantly. This subsequently led to passage disorders, invagination of the intestinal segment and finally the emaciation of the fish. Histopathological and immunohistochemical inspection of the tumour cells displayed a high mitotic index, confirming malignancy.
A Geriatrician's Guide to Hearing Loss
Authors: Jilla Anna M. , Reed Nicholas S. , Oh Esther S. , Lin Frank R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe high prevalence of hearing loss among older adults creates a perception that it is simply a benign consequence of aging, which leads to unaddressed communication needs. Strategies to address hearing loss as part of routine clinical care are pertinent to the geriatric care setting where hearing loss is prevalent in two out of every three patients 70 years and older. Our objectives are to briefly discuss the pathophysiology of hearing loss, describe the epidemiologic prevalence and impact, identify statutory barriers facing older adults in accessing hearing care, discuss current progress on legislation to address accessibility issues, and provide actionable strategies for addressing hearing loss as a barrier to effective communication. Simple steps can be taken to improve hearing care accessibility for older adults with hearing loss and can optimize understanding in daily communication, re‐engage patients in being actively involved in their care, and promote patient autonomy in informed decision‐ making.
A Technique to Record and Transfer the Distance Between the Bone Crest and the Interproximal Contact Point to the Dental Laboratory to Maintain the Interdental Papilla While Fabricating Implant Supported Restorations
Authors: Dhingra Ajay , Taylor Thomas , Flinton Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe interdental papilla plays an important role in terms of esthetics and function. Management of the interdental papilla, especially around implants can be challenging. One of the factors mentioned in the literature that affects the viability of the papilla is the distance of the interdental contact point from the crest of the bone. The following case report describes a technique to predictably achieve an interdental contact area within the proper distance from the crest of the bone to help maintain the papilla for the long term.
Host autophagy is a shared target of virulence factors of Phytophthora infestans and Plasmodium parasite
Authors: Wu Wenxian , Datla Raju , Ren Maozhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhytophthora infestans and Plasmodium are extremely harmful and economically important pathogens. Although they belong to distinct groups and infect very different hosts, P. infestans and Plasmodium display some common similarities. Such as they are closely related phylogenetically and have similarities in the strategies they use for the evasion or suppression of host defences, etc. In addition, both pathogens produce abundant effector proteins that confer enhanced pathogenicity and adaptability. The P. infestans RxLR (Arg‐X‐Leu‐Arg) effector protein shares a conserved host‐targeting motif with the Plasmodium PEXEL‐containing export protein. In this review, we focused on the common distribution features of P. infestans RxLR genes and Plasmodium virulence factor genes in genomes, comparative analysis of the both types of virulence proteins secretion and translocation processes, and description of their molecular functions. We highlight the convergent evolutionary characteristics of P. infestans RxLR effector protein and Plasmodium virulence factor in mediating the autophagy process of host cells. This review will present and discuss current research challenges and opportunities for future research to get better understanding and insights by investigating pathogen effector–host interactions.
Emotions, personhood and social ontology: A critical realist approach
Authors: Walsh Philip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of the relations between emotions and personhood, with a view to advancing a critical realist account of the role of emotions in social life. It is argued that the constitution of persons has to be approached from an ontological perspective, and that this raises questions about how sociology has addressed the meaning and role of emotions. Margaret Archer's critical realist perspective on them as commentaries on human concerns is broadly endorsed, but some significant correctives are proposed, especially with respect to the important distinction between primary and secondary emotions. To this end, it is argued that the affect spectrum theory advanced by Warren TenHouten can be fruitfully appended to a critical realist theory of emotions.
Cognitive and Socioaffective Predictors of L2 Microdevelopment in Late Adulthood: A Longitudinal Intervention Study
Authors: KLIESCH MARIA , PFENNINGER SIMONE E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe question of cognition in second language (L2) acquisition later in life is of importance inasmuch as L2 learning is largely mediated by domain‐general cognitive capacities. While a number of these capacities have been shown to decline with age, individual differences in cognition increase over the lifespan. This microdevelopment study investigates the L2 trajectories of 28 older German‐speaking adults (age 64+) who participated in a combined computer‐assisted and classroom‐instructed 7‐month Spanish training for beginners. We made use of generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to quantify linear and nonlinear learner trajectories as well as any predictors thereof. Participants were assessed on a range of behavioral, L2, socioaffective, and background variables. We found a significant (linear and nonlinear) increase across all measures of L2 proficiency. Between‐subject cognitive, socioaffective, and background variables significantly predicted the overall level of L2 proficiency as well as developmental patterns over time. Daily variances in cognitive performance and socioaffect had little impact on fluctuations in L2 performance. Findings are discussed against the backdrop of complex dynamic systems theory and highlight the necessity for dense longitudinal research designs to capture nonlinearity in third‐age L2 learning.
Performance of epimyocardial leads in patients with a single ventricle circulation
Authors: Zartner Peter A. , Mini Nathalie , Vergnat Mathieu , Momcilovic Diana , Schneider Martin B. , Dittrich Sven 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac pacing can be challenging after a Fontan operation, and limited data exist regarding strategies to plan these epimyocardial systems while minimizing the number of surgical procedures.MethodsA retrospective review of all our 47 patients (mean age 18 years, standard deviation 9 years) with a Fontan palliation who received an epimyocardial cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) between 2002 and 2020 with regard to the stability of the epimyocardial lead parameters and the incidence of system revisions.ResultsOver the last 18 years, 84 implantations or revisions of the epimyocardial CIED in 47 Fontan patients were performed. Mean age at time of the first implantation was 9.4 (range 0.28–29.3) years. Follow‐up period ranges from 0.11 to 18.2 (mean 7.7, standard deviation 4.2) years. A total of 123 pacing leads were implanted of which 99 are still active. From 2010 triple lead cardiac resynchronization devices were used in 17 patients to better cope with lead problems. The initial pacing threshold of the leads inactivated during this study period proved significantly higher (mean 1.66 V) than in the "all leads" group (mean 1.27 V, p = .0005) or the group of the still active leads (mean 1.17 V, p = .00004).ConclusionsWhen implanted with a low pacing threshold, the bipolar epimyocardial electrodes show stable and good long‐term results in young patients with a Fontan circulation. Resynchronization pacing systems and the prospective implantation of reserve leads may help to reduce the rate of resternotomies and provide a flexible concept to deal with lead failure.
The Mismatch Problem: Why Mele's Approach to the Puzzle of Synchronic Self‐control Does Not Succeed
Authors: Altehenger Hannah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost of us have had the experience of resisting our currently strongest desire, for example, resisting the desire to eat another cookie when eating another cookie is what we most want to do. The puzzle of synchronic self‐control, however, says that this is impossible: an agent cannot ever resist her currently strongest desire. The paper argues that one prominent solution to this puzzle – the solution offered by Al Mele – faces a serious ‘mismatch problem’, which ultimately undermines its plausibility. It is furthermore argued that this problem can be avoided if we adopt a ‘divided mind’ solution instead.
Autoregressive cross‐lagged modelling of the relationship between social activity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in Korean elderly
Authors: Bae Sung‐Man 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to verify the reciprocal relationship between social activity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in Korean elderly, utilizing data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service biennially from 2006 to 2018).MethodsThe data of 5549 people aged 60 and over (mean age 70.27 years, standard deviation = 7.26) were used in the final analysis. Autoregressive cross‐lagged analysis was used to examine bidirectional relationships between the variables over time. Frequency of participation in social activities, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Korean version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination were used to measure social activity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function.ResultsResults of the analysis were as follows. First, social activity was found to have a negative effect on depressive symptoms over time, but depressive symptoms did not affect social activity. Second, a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function was identified. In other words, more depressive symptoms were related to lower cognitive function, and cognitive function had a negative impact on depressive symptoms over time. Third, social activity was found to positively affect cognitive function, but cognitive function did not affect social activity over time.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that social activity is closely related to depressive symptoms and cognitive function in the elderly, and suggests that social activity can be a key preventive factor for depression and cognitive impairment in this population.
How Gabriel Harvey read tragedy*
Authors: Demetriou Tania 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 1579, Gabriel Harvey bound together in a composite collection a surprising group of texts: an Italian grammar, an Italian translation of Terence’s comedies, Lodovico Dolce’s Italian rifacimenti of Euripides’ Medea and Seneca’s Thyestes, and Euripides’ Hecuba and Iphigenia in Erasmus’ Latin. The volume is now dispersed, but all its parts survive. This essay explores the story of this hitherto unknown artefact and what it reveals about Harvey’s reading practices and his engagement with drama, especially Greek tragedy. Parsing the elaborate system of signs with which Harvey multifariously annotated these works, it argues that he read tragedies with an emphasis on situation and utterance rather than extractable sententiae, as has been suggested. Harvey probed local detail in the tragedies with attentiveness, and with an eye to recurring observations that revealed the ‘thought’ of these works. He was drawn especially to the political dimension of this ‘thought’. Reading tragedies in juxtaposition, he became interested in their different exploration of rulers’ obligation to rule by their people’s consent. And he found Euripides’ plays particularly endowed with political wisdom, no doubt partly because he believed that they had been co‐authored by Euripides’ mentor and Harvey’s own icon of pragmatic wisdom, Socrates.
Reprinting the Colonial Past: Compilation, Inter‐visuality, and Argumentative Strategy in John Smith’s Generall Historie of Virginia☆
Authors: Winchcombe Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJohn Smith’s Generall Historie of Virginia (1624) was produced at a time when the English settlements in Virginia were in a perilous position. The English colonists were still reeling from an Indigenous attack in 1622 which had left hundreds of colonists dead and a number of settlements destroyed. Smith, while ostensibly producing a history of the early English settlements, also sought to provide a remedy to the dire circumstances his fellow Englishmen and women found themselves in. This article examines Smith’s argumentative strategy, arguing that it is reliant on recasting the colonial past both textually and visually. Moving beyond the current scholarship that has largely focused on narrow sections of the text, this article demonstrates the productive power of print in the early modern period, illustrating how the Generall Historie provoked new ideas about Indigenous people, their character, and how they should be approached by English colonists.
How do the intended and unintended beneficiaries respond to the Philippines' conditional cash transfer program?
Authors: Quimbo Stella A. , Kraft Aleli D. , Molato‐Gayares Rhea M. , Tan Carlos Antonio R. , Capuno Joseph J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe distinguish the effects of the Philippines’ conditional cash transfers (CCT) between the intended (poor) and unintended (nonpoor) beneficiaries. We use a proxy means test similar to what was officially used and apply it on a nationally representative sample of households to identify some poor households who are excluded and nonpoor households included in the program on account of inherent leakages in program implementation. To evaluate the CCT’s impact, we matched the poor beneficiaries with poor households excluded from the program and nonpoor beneficiaries with nonpoor households outside CCT. For the poor households, we find a reduction in wages of working children who presumably now spend more time in school in compliance with the program's conditionalities, indicating less child labor. For nonpoor households, we find some indication that program participation led to moral hazard as evidenced by lower income from salaries and wages. Since the reduction in income is greater than the increase in transfers received by nonpoor households, their savings declined.
Deregulation, quality and access—The case of legal professionals in Poland
Authors: Białowolski Piotr , Masior Michał 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive assessment of changes in the quality of legal services in Poland. From 2005 to 2015, changes in the regulatory framework facilitated access to legal professions in Poland, providing a space for employment growth. Our analysis showed that an increase in the number of legal professionals following deregulation did not lead to a decline in the quality of legal services in any dimensions. However, it coincided with improved access to legal services. The results were based on a comprehensive survey conducted among consumers of legal services. The survey used the SERVQUAL approach previously adopted by the Legal Services Consumers Panel in England and Wales and focused principally on the process and outcome measures to capture the changes in quality of legal services. The mostly negative results pointing to no significant changes were confirmed by the secondary analysis based on a survey of judges, a group of professionals capable of objectively assessing the quality of lawyers' work. Their reports supported the claim of the lack of decline in legal service quality following the reduction in barriers to entry to legal professions.
Serologic characteristics of oxaliplatin antibodies in 15 patients with drug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Nguyen Tan Ngoc , Maenulein Elodie , Fihman Valentine , Vinatier Isabelle , Moh Klaren Julia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOxaliplatin, a third‐generation platinum derivative is commonly used in combination treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Since 2008, it is the second most common cause of drug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) investigated in our laboratory.Study Design and MethodsSamples from fifteen patients including nine (60%) with intravascular hemolysis, suspected of having DIIHA were studied for the presence of anti‐oxaliplatin. Direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) and tests with oxaliplatin‐treated red blood cells (RBCs) or untreated and enzyme‐treated RBCs in the presence of oxaliplatin were performed. A pool of normal AB sera with no unexpected antibodies was used as a control for nonimmunologic protein adsorption (NIPA).ResultsEleven (73%) of the fifteen patients had antibodies to oxaliplatin that reacted with drug‐treated RBCs and untreated RBCs in the presence of drug by tube and/or gel method. Lower‐titer reactivity (<20) obtained with four patients' sera and the corresponding pooled normal sera was most likely due to NIPA. Eighty seven percent (13/15) of the patients had positive DAT either with anti‐IgG only (33%), IgG + C3d (40%), or C3d only (13%). Two patients had a negative DAT. No directly agglutinating antibody was observed with the pools of normal donor's sera in the presence of oxaliplatin.ConclusionAnti‐oxaliplatin can cause severe intravascular hemolysis. Complement can usually be detected on the patient's RBCs and anti‐oxaliplatin can be detected in the patient's serum. RBC‐bound albumin detection with anti‐human albumin needs to be performed to confirm NIPA which could have contributed to the patient's hemolytic anemia.
Reproducibility of serum testing for environmental allergen‐specific IgE in dogs in Europe
Authors: Baumann Katja N. , Gedon Natalie K.Y. , Boehm Teresa M.S.A. , Udraite‐Vovk Laura , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundSerum testing for allergen‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E is commonly employed to identify allergens used for allergen‐specific immunotherapy in dogs, yet the reliability of results has been a matter of debate.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of serum tests for environmental allergen‐specific IgE in three European laboratories.Animals/MethodsSerum was obtained from 33 client‐owned dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, divided into three aliquots and sent to the laboratories under different names. Two aliquots were sent simultaneously to one of the laboratories on the first day; the third sample was then sent to the same laboratory on the subsequent day. The laboratory for each patient was chosen according to a predetermined randomization list. The agreement between different samples from the same dog for each of the laboratories was calculated with a Cohen’s Kappa test. Spearman's rank coefficients (rsp) as well as the coefficients of variation (CV) additionally were calculated.ResultsThe intra‐ and interassay agreements for laboratories A, B and C were 0.79 and 0.75, 0.92 and 0.90, and 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The CVs were 18.92% and 22.95%, 14.43% and 18.79%, and 15.38% and 18.75% (respectively) and thersp0.73 and 0.68, 0.95 and 0.92, and 0.82 and 0.74 (respectively).Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe differences in reproducibility between laboratories complicate test interpretation and underline the importance of interpreting results of serum testing for allergen‐specific IgE in the context of the patient's clinical history.
Clinical and videofluoroscopic outcomes of laparoscopic treatment for sliding hiatal hernia and associated gastroesophageal reflux in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Balsa Ingrid M. , Marks Stanley L. , Pollard Rachel E. , Case J. Brad , Culp William T.N. , Giuffrida Michelle A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a laparoscopic technique for treatment of sliding hiatal hernia (SHH) and associated gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in brachycephalic dogs and document clinical and videofluoroscopic outcomes postoperatively.Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsEighteen client‐owned dogs.MethodsA three‐port laparoscopic approach was used. Intracorporeal suturing was used for hiatal plication and esophagopexy, and left‐sided laparoscopic or laparoscopic‐assisted gastropexy was performed. A standardized canine dysphagia assessment tool (CDAT) questionnaire was completed by owners pre‐ and postoperatively. Videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) were used to evaluate esophageal function, and impedance planimetry was used to assess lower esophageal sphincter geometry preoperatively and in a subset of dogs postoperatively.ResultsMedian age was 27.5 (range 5–84) months. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 1 (5.5%) of 18 dogs. Regurgitation after eating, and associated with activity/exercise, improved significantly when comparing pre‐ and postoperative CDAT assessments. Hiatal hernia and GER severity scores improved significantly between pre‐ and postoperative VFSS assessments, whereas SHH and GER frequency scores did not. One dog developed pneumothorax intraoperatively, underwent cardiopulmonary arrest, and died. Minor complications included splenic (n = 6) and hepatic lacerations (n = 3) that did not require specific therapy.ConclusionA laparoscopic approach to treatment of SHH and GER led to improvements in clinical and VFSS indices in the majority of brachycephalic dogs. However, a subset of dogs still demonstrated some clinical signs postoperatively.Clinical relevanceIn experienced hands, laparoscopic treatment of SHH and GER offers a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery.
Load Distribution of Reduction Gears
Authors: Lewis Frank M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A simple method of determining the load distribution in reduction gears, based on the relaxation process, has been used by the author for several years. In view of the analysis of Poritsky, Sutton, and Pernick, its publication appears desirable. In order to facilitate comparison of the methods the numerical examples of Poritsky, Sutton, and Pernick have been used to illustrate the application of the relaxation method.