bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent studies of atomic‐resolution structures of tau protein and structure‐based inhibitors
Authors: Zhu Lili , Qian Zhenyu 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most popular tauopathies. Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques are widely recognized as the pathological hallmarks of AD, which are mainly composed of tau and β‐amyloid (Aβ) respectively. Recent failures of drugs targeting Aβ have led scientists to scrutinize the crucial impact of tau in neurodegenerative diseases. Mutated or abnormal phosphorylated tau protein loses affinity with microtubules and assembles into pathological accumulations. The aggregation process closely correlates to two amyloidogenic core of PHF6 (306VQIVYK311) and PHF6* (275VQIINK280) fragments. Moreover, tau accumulations display diverse morphological characteristics in different diseases, which increases the difficulty of providing a unifying neuropathological criterion for early diagnosis.ResultsThis review mainly summarizes atomic‐resolution structures of tau protein in the monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillar states, as well as the promising inhibitors designed to prevent tau aggregation or disaggregate tau accumulations, recently revealed by experimental and computational studies. We also systematically sort tau functions, their relationship with tau structures and the potential pathological processes of tau protein.ConclusionThe current progress on tau structures at atomic level of detail expands our understanding of tau aggregation and related pathology. We discuss the difficulties in determining the source of neurotoxicity and screening effective inhibitors. We hope this review will inspire new clues for designing medicines against tau aggregation and shed light on AD diagnosis and therapies.
CAT Bonds als Anlageinstrument für OGAW-Fonds
Authors: Veil Rüdiger , Wiesner Marc 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
CAT Bonds (Katastrophenanleihen) verbriefen das Risiko einer (Natur-)Katastrophe in Form eine Anleihe. Dies ermöglicht es insbesondere Versicherungsunternehmen, Risiken über den Kapitalmarkt zu streuen, wodurch zusätzliche, volkswirtschaftlich benötigte Versicherungskapazitäten aufgebaut werden können. Investoren profitieren von Diversifikationsvorteilen und einer vergleichsweise hohen Rendite. Obwohl der Markt für CAT Bonds stetig wächst, spielen CAT Bonds als Vermögensanlage im Asset Management bisher nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Dies hat im Fall von offenen Investmentfonds in Form von Organismen für gemeinsame Anlagen in Wertpapiere (OGAW) regulatorische Gründe. Nach Ansicht der BaFin sollen CAT Bonds keine erwerbbaren Anlageinstrumente für einen OGAW darstellen. Der Beitrag nimmt dies zum Anlass, der Frage nachzugehen, in welche Kategorie von Finanzinstrumenten CAT Bonds im KAGB normativ einzuordnen sind, womit zugleich grundlegende konzeptionelle Fragen der OGAW-Regulierung aufgeworfen werden.
Datenschutzrechtliche Probleme beim Einsatz der Blockchain
Authors: Steinrötter Björn 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Auch und gerade in der Finanzwirtschaft gelten Blockchain-Anwendungen als taugliches Instrument zur Transaktionsabsicherung sowie Effizienzsteigerung. Wegen ihrer technischen Ausgestaltung, die – zumindest im Ausgangspunkt – eine dezentrale Struktur aufweist und rückwirkende Änderungen sowie v. a. Löschungen grundsätzlich nicht zulässt, was jeweils vertrauensschaffende Wirkungen zeitigen kann, ergeben sich jedoch kaum lösbare Friktionen mit datenschutzrechtlichen Vorgaben. Dies gilt zumindest dann, wenn man die Vorzüge der Blockchain nicht aufgeben bzw. ihr technisches Design nicht stark aufweichen möchte. Die Problematik gipfelt letztendlich in der grundlegenden Frage, ob Recht vor bestimmten Technologien, welche die normativen Vorgaben qua Design nicht umsetzen können, kapitulieren sollte. Damit im engen Zusammenhang steht der noch zu selten diskutierte Aspekt, dass es den bisher erwogenen Anwendungsfällen der Blockchain (v. a. außerhalb von FinTech-Szenarien) womöglich an substantiellem Mehrwert mangelt, der es rechtfertigen würde, etwa bei datenschutzrechtlichen Vorgaben de lege lata und de lege ferenda Milde walten zu lassen.
SPAC-Prospekte in Deutschland und den Niederlanden und das Public Statement der ESMA
Authors: Fuhrmann Ben W. 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Seit Anfang des Jahres 2021 gewinnt der beispiellose SPAC-Boom aus den USA nun langsam auch in Europa an Boden. Nach langer Zurückhaltung hat sich die ESMA Anfang Juli erstmals mit einem Public Statement zu SPACs geäußert. Darin erklärt sie ihre Erwartungen an SPAC-IPO-Prospekte. Der Wertpapierprospekt ist das zentrale Dokument eines jeden SPAC-Börsengangs. Der Beitrag analysiert, wo die Marktpraxis an den zwei wichtigsten europäischen Finanzmarktplätzen in Bezug auf die neuen Anforderungen der ESMA steht und welche Umsetzung sich für die einzelnen Angaben empfiehlt. Dabei wird auch gezeigt, dass manche Vorstellungen der ESMA in Bezug auf die Vorgaben der ProspektVO deutlich zu weit gehen. Ferner wird die bisher kaum diskutierte Rechtsnatur eines Public Statements erschlossen und der Ansatz der ESMA in das Vorgehen anderer Aufsichtsbehörden eingeordnet.
Erklärung von Aktienrenditen am deutschen Aktienmarkt in Jahren der Krise – Validierung des Dreifaktorenmodells von Fama und French
Authors: Paech Patrick , Portisch Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
In Krisenzeiten steigt die Volatilität an den Aktienmärkten. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob Kapitalmarktmodelle in diesen Perioden verlässliche Ergebnisse erbringen können. In Konkurrenz stehen das Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) sowie Mehrfaktorenmodelle wie das von Fama und French entwickelte Dreifaktorenmodell. Anhand des Deutschen Aktienindex (DAX) wird untersucht, welches Konzept eine bessere Erklärungskraft für Renditen bietet. Es wird geprüft, ob im vorliegenden Untersuchungszeitraum von 2005 bis 2020 ein Size- und ein Value-Effekt vorliegen und welche Erklärungsansätze für diese Anomalien bestehen. Bei Anwendung des Dreifaktorenmodells lag das korrigierte Bestimmtheitsmaß R
2 für die gebildeten Portfolios deutlich höher als beim CAPM. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse der T-Tests, die Signifikanzniveaus und der F-Tests, dass das Dreifaktorenmodell dem CAPM für die Erklärung der Portfoliorenditen überlegen ist. Der Analysezeitraum umfasst zwei große Wirtschaftskrisen. Zum einen die Finanzmarktkrise mit Ausstrahlungseffekten auf die Weltbörsen und zum anderem eine weltweite Pandemie mit ebenfalls starken Verwerfungen an den Finanzmärkten. Auch in den Krisenjahren konnte das Dreifaktorenmodells im Vergleich zum CAPM brillieren.
Mullerian ducts derivatives in abdominal cryptorchism in children
Authors: Kovarsky S. L. , Petrukhina Yu. V. , Blokh S. P. , Zakharov A. I. , Bebenina A. A. 
Published: December 2021

Disorder of sex determination is a condition associated with clinical and biochemical discrepancy between genetic, gonadal, and phenotypic sex of a child requiring detailed examination for final selection of sex. Indications for sex determination can arise both in infancy and during puberty. Several conditions pertaining to abnormal sex differentiation are manifested as normal male genitalia with Mullerian ducts derivatives.The study objective is to present clinical observations of children with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome.The study presents 2 clinical cases of children with disorders of sex determination. Both children were initially hospitalized at the surgical facility with cryptorchism diagnosis, Mullerian duct derivatives were found intraoperatively. During examination of the children (karyotyping, histological and immunohistochemical examination) in one case persistent Mullerian duct syndrome was diagnosed, in the other - chromosomal abnormality of sex formation (45,X/46,XY), mixed dysgenesis of the gonads.If Mullerian duct derivatives are found during diagnostic laparoscopy, resection biopsy of the ambiguous gonad and intraoperative single-step urethrocystoscopy for visualization of the seminal colliculus and catherization of the uterus for its identification from the abdominal side should be performed. Further examination includes karyotyping, hormonal examination, consultations with an endocrinologist and a geneticist, and genetic examination if necessary.
cada medida del cero
Authors: Quevedo Ronny 
Published: December 2021

Mi trabajo habla de la historia y la memoria de las experiencias migratorias. Mi práctica interdisciplinaria, siempre cambiante y en evolución, investiga el lenguaje visual y la composición material de la arquitectura vernácula y el linaje de las comunidades migrantes.
cada medida del cero contiene relieves y transferencias de papel encerado usado en patrones de vestidos. Cada sustrato proporciona un registro de una marca original. Luego se mezclan entre sí para crear una serie de huellas que contrarrestan la secuencia entre copia y original. La traducción y pérdida de información de una copia a otra es clave para este proceso: el borrado se convierte en una presencia activa y la traducción se convierte en un mediador poco confiable. Además, a través del proceso de marcar y derretir el papel encerado con una plancha, las imágenes son reconocibles y confusas simultáneamente.
Limito mi paleta a papel encerado para patrones de vestidos, estampados en relieve y planchado para insistir en el trabajo manual de las modistas. La tradición de los textiles precolombinos y la historia de mi madre costurera proveen el contexto político y estético para mis decisiones materiales.
Development of the Parasitoid Chelonus insularis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Reared on Castor Bean and Maize Leaves
Authors: Padilla-Cortes Erika , Martínez-Martínez Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of artificial diets for rearing natural enemies is an expensive technique with negative implications in the development of parasitoids. The aim of this study was to determine the effects on the development of the parasitoid Chelonus insularis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using as the host Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae reared on castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Twenty-five egg masses of S. frugiperda were exposed to adult parasitoids of C. insularis. One hundred twenty-three larvae were fed with castor bean leaves and 309 larvae with maize. Survival of S. frugiperda larvae and emergence of healthy adults of C. insularis were recorded. Durations of the developmental stages, weight per parasitoid, length of the radial cell, and total length of the forewing also were recorded. No significant differences were determined between the two host plants with respect to survival of S. frugiperda larvae or the emergence of healthy adults of C. insularis. Durations of the developmental stages of the parasitoid were longer on castor bean leaves than on maize. The length of the radial cell and the total length of the forewing were greater on parasitoids that emerged from castor bean-reared larvae than those reared on maize for both females and males. The weight per parasitoid did not differ. Chelonus insularis can be maintained in S. frugiperda larvae reared on castor and maize leaves but, based on these results, the use of castor bean leaves favors the size of the parasitoid.
Correlation of Body Length and Certain Linear Parameters of the Tubular Bones of the Hand in Tajik Children and Adolescents
Authors: Matyushechkin S. V. , Khairullin R. M. , Tishkov A. V. 
Published: December 2021

The intensifying integration processes between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan update creation of databases and development of regression models that allow determining the body length by individual bones in representatives of both genders of this ethnic group.The aim of the study was to verify application of regression equations to determine the body length in Tajik children and adolescents, aged 6–17, according to the linear parameters of the short tubular bones of the hand.Material and methods. There were performed osteometric studies of 251 X-ray images of the right hand to determine the body length of the examined individuals. Linear regression analysis was carried out to identify dependence of the body length on linear parameters of the short tubular bones of the hand. The quality of the regression was assessed through the coefficient of determination R2 and significance by the F-criterion. There were considered coefficients of determination higher than 0.8.Results. It was found that for boys the linear parameter of the length of the tubular bones of the hand was the best to predict the body length. When applying regression equations to determine the body length according to the length of the hand rays in boys, it was determined that the best results were obtained when applying a model developed for the bones of the 2nd and 4th hand rays. For Tajik girls, regression models that included parameters of the length and width of the tubular bones of the hand were more reliable. More reliable results for identifying the body length of Tajik children were obtained when regression models were developed separately for individuals of different genders.Conclusion. The results obtained demonstrated that osteometric parameters of the short tubular bones of the hand can be used to assess the body length of Tajik children and adolescents of both genders.
Preoperative mechanical bowel preparation combined with oral antibacterials in the prevention of complications of surgery for rectal and rectosigmoid junction cancer
Authors: Ivanov Yu. V. , Smirnov A. V. , Vinokurov A. V. , Zlobin A. I. , Stankevich V. R. , Danilina E. S. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) combined with oral antibacterials for the prevention of postoperative complications when preparing a patient for anterior rectal resection.Materials and methods: We analyzed shortterm results in 77 patients who had undergone anterior rectal resection for rectal and rectosigmoid junction cancer. Forty five (45) patients were prepared for surgery only with MBP. In 32 patients, in addition to MBP, oral antibacterial agents ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were used preoperatively.Results: The overall rate of postoperative complications was 6.25% (2/32 patients) in the group of combined preparation for surgery and 15.5% (7/45) in the group using only MBP. Surgical wound infection occurred in 1 patient in the combined preparation group and in 4 patients in the MBP only group. There was no anastomotic leak in the combined preparation group, whereas in the MBP only group, anastomotic leak occurred in 2 patients.Conclusion: Combined use of oral antibacterials and MBP before anterior rectal resection makes it possible to achieve an extremely low rate of the colorectal anastomosis leak. Further studies into the efficacy of this preparation regimen are needed, along with their discussion in the professional communities.
Community/Social Action Groupwork in Indigenous and Rural Communities Zimbabwe Summer 2019
Authors: Johnson Paul 
Published: December 2021

In June 2018, I was fortunate enough to attend and present at the IASWG Symposium at Kruger National Park in South Africa. It was a truly amazing experience. However, in July of 2019 I was once again able to return to the African continent. This time to visit Zimbabwe. For the past four years, my friend and School Principal Chris Labbe, had been visiting and working with the IMVELO organization to raise funds for the following three schools: Ngamo Primary School, Mlevu Primary School and St Joseph’s Primary School.These three schools are located in the indigenous and rural rural villages of Hwanga National Park. During the course of the visits to these three Schools, my wife Peg McGovern and I were able to observe the incredible work that was being done between IMVELO and the local communities. The overarching theme of the IASWG 2018 symposium had been “Groupwork in Communities.” On my visit to Hwanga, I witnessed the impact of Groupwork in these indigenous and rural communities. On my return home, I reviewed the Groupwork literature, and it reinforced what I observed and encountered in Zimbabwe. The wonderful sense of community, sustainability, cooperation, integration of programs, social action and empowerment. It truly was an amazing experience and a trip of a lifetime.
SEMIGRUP REGULER DAN SIFAT-SIFATNYA
Authors: Istikaanah Najmah , Wardayani Ari , Renny Renny , Nurahmadhani Ambar Sari , Sb. Agustini Tripena Br. 
Published: December 2021

This article discusses some properties of regular semigroups. These properties are especially concerned with the relation of the regular semigroups to ideals, subsemigroups, groups, idempoten semigroups and invers semigroups. In addition, this paper also discusses the Cartesian product of two regular semigroups.

Keywords:ideal, idempoten semigroup, inverse semigroup, regular semigroup, subsemigroup.
Authors: Hidhayana Nurul , Suhardianto Novrys 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara CEO overconfidence dengan penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan overinvestment untuk mengukur tingkat overconfidence seorang CEO perusahaan. Adapun penghindaran pajak diukur dengan Effective Tax Ratio (ETR). Penelitian ini menggunakan 567 observasi dari perusahaan nonkeuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2014-2018 dan menggunakan software STATA 14.0 untuk menganalisis data. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa CEO overconfidence memiliki hubungan positif dengan penghindaran pajak. Perusahaan yang memiliki CEO overconfidence cenderung terlibat dalam mengatur pajak perusahaan yang mengarah pada aktivitas penghindaran pajak. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berhasil membuktikan bahwa semakin overconfidence seorang CEO maka semakin agresif penghindaran pajak yang dilakukan.
Analysis of Integration of the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index with Developing Countries
Authors: Budiandru Budiandru , Nuryadin Deni , Pratama Muhammad Dika 
Published: December 2021

<p><em>Globalization is rapidly causing an integration of economic and financial systems worldwide, resulting in shocks to the Islamic stock index and reducing the benefits of diversification for investors. Therefore, this study analyzes the integration, influence, response, and contribution of shocks to each developing country’s Islamic stock index. Specifically, analyzing the effect of developing country sharia stock index shocks on Indonesia's sharia stock index. The study uses monthly time series data for 2011-2021 with samples from Indonesia, Turkey, Malaysia, Pakistan, Kuwait, and India using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The results showed cointegration or a long-term relationship in the developing countries’ sharia stock index. The Malaysian Islamic Stock Index and the Indian Islamic Stock Index influence the Indonesian Islamic Stock Index. Furthermore, the Indonesian Islamic Stock Index stabilized the fastest in response to the Turkish Islamic Stock Index shocks. However, the Malaysian Islamic Stock Index shock contributes the most to the Indonesian Islamic Stock Index. Developing countries could improve the infrastructure of the Islamic stock index and policy reforms. This would minimize the impact of international stock index shocks and accelerate integration. Investors should consider the dominant economic strength, geographical factors, and trade relations in determining portfolio diversification in global economic conditions.</em></p><div class="notranslate" style="all: initial;"> </div>
Salud bucal pediátrica: sugerencias básicas durante y después de la emergencia sanitaria COVID-19 en el hogar y la clínica
Authors: Perona-Miguel de Priego Guido Alberto , Mungi-Castañeda Sabina 
Published: December 2021

En todos los campos de la vida humana, la pandemia ha impuesto cambios de adaptación a las profesiones para evitar la propagación de la enfermedad. En la atención odontológica se tuvo que adaptar las consultas por teleodontología y consulta de urgencias. El propósito de este trabajo es describir procedimientos prácticos para el cuidado y el tratamiento de la salud bucal pediátrica de prevención, y el manejo de los procedimientos dentales en el hogar y la clínica durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
Latest Development in Physics-Based Modeling of Coiled Tubing Plasticity and Fatigue
Authors: Liu Zhanke , Tipton Steven , Sukumar Dinesh 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Coiled tubing (CT) integrity is critical for well intervention operations in the field. To monitor and manage tubing integrity, the industry has developed a number of computer models over the past decades. Among them, low-cycle fatigue (LCF) modeling plays a paramount role in safeguarding tubing integrity. LCF modeling of CT strings dates back to the 1980s. Recently, novel algorithms have contributed to developments in physics-based modeling of tubing fatigue and plasticity. When CT trips into and out of the well, it goes through bending/straightening cycles under high differential pressure. Such tough conditions lead to low- or ultralow-cycle fatigue, limiting CT useful life. The model proposed in this study is derived from a previous one and is based on rigorously derived material parameters to compute the evolution of state variables from a wide range of loading conditions. Through newly formulated plasticity and strain parameters, a physics-based damage model predicts CT fatigue life, along with diametral growth and wall thinning. The revised modeling approach gives results for CT damage accumulation, diametral growth, and wall thinning under realistic field conditions, with experimental validation. For 20 different CT alloys, it was observed that the model improved in accuracy overall by approximately 18.8% and consistency by 14.0%, for constant pressure data sets of more than 4,500 data points. The modeling results provide insights into the nonlinear nature of fatigue damage accumulation. This study allowed developing recommendations to guide future analytical modeling and experimental investigations, summarize theoretical findings in physics-based LCF modeling, and provide practical guidelines for CT string management in the field. The study provides a fundamental understanding of CT LCF and introduces novel algorithms in plasticity and damage.