bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer LncRNA Census 2 (CLC2): an enhanced resource reveals clinical features of cancer lncRNAs
Authors: Vancura Adrienne , Lanzós Andrés , Bosch-Guiteras Núria , Esteban Mònica Torres , Gutierrez Alejandro H , Haefliger Simon , Johnson Rory 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in cancer and are at the vanguard of precision therapeutic development. These efforts depend on large and high-confidence collections of cancer lncRNAs. Here, we present the Cancer LncRNA Census 2 (CLC2). With 492 cancer lncRNAs, CLC2 is 4-fold greater in size than its predecessor, without compromising on strict criteria of confident functional/genetic roles and inclusion in the GENCODE annotation scheme. This increase was enabled by leveraging high-throughput transposon insertional mutagenesis screening data, yielding 92 novel cancer lncRNAs. CLC2 makes a valuable addition to existing collections: it is amongst the largest, contains numerous unique genes (not found in other databases) and carries functional labels (oncogene/tumour suppressor). Analysis of this dataset reveals that cancer lncRNAs are impacted by germline variants, somatic mutations and changes in expression consistent with inferred disease functions. Furthermore, we show how clinical/genomic features can be used to vet prospective gene sets from high-throughput sources. The combination of size and quality makes CLC2 a foundation for precision medicine, demonstrating cancer lncRNAs’ evolutionary and clinical significance.
Smoking Cessation, Weight Gain, Cardiovascular Risk, and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Qin Li-Qiang , Arafa Ahmed , Eshak Ehab S , Hu Yonghua , Dong Jia-Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Quitting smoking usually results in weight gain, rising the concern that weight gain after smoking cessation may attenuate the benefits of smoking quitting on cardiovascular health.

Aims and Methods
We aimed to examine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among smoking quitters compared with smokers, stratified by post-cessation weight change. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for eligible studies published before September 2020. Cohort studies examining the relative risk of CVD among smoking quitters stratified by post-cessation weight change, with smokers being treated as the reference, were included. Two investigators extracted the key characteristics of each included study using a standard electronic form.

Results
We identified nine studies for this meta-analysis. Compared with smokers, the pooled RRs (95% confidence interval) of CVD among quitters with weight gain and among those without were 0.74 [0.66, 0.83] and 0.86 [0.80, 0.92], with no evidence of heterogeneity between studies being observed. Moreover, the associations appeared to be significantly stronger among quitters with weight gain than those without, particularly in the analysis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke (pooled RRs = 0.65 [0.59, 0.71] vs. 0.79 [0.71, 0.88] for CHD and 0.67 [0.62, 0.73] vs. 0.76 [0.72, 0.81] for stroke, respectively; p for interaction &lt;.05).

Conclusions
Smoking cessation was associated with a significantly lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, regardless of post-cessation weight gain. A greater risk reduction among quitters with weight gain than those without merits further investigations.

Implications
Quitting smoking usually results in weight gain and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. We found that the risk reduction in CVD and all-cause mortality associated with smoking cessation was greater in quitters with weight gain than that in quitters without, especially in CHD and stroke. Despite weight gain and increased risk of type 2 diabetes, quitting smoking remains effective in the prevention of CVD.
Japanese Naval Power
Authors: Patalano Alessio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The chapter develops for the first time in the Japanese context a framework to comprehend the role of naval power as a tool of statecraft and why it matters to Japan’s foreign and security policy. The chapter employs a strategic studies methodology to overcome the explanatory limits of mainstream perspectives narrowly focused on debating the nature of Japanese military power from a normative perspective. In so doing, it aims to make three distinctive contributions. First, the chapter argues that Japan’s military posture is not the result of a constrained legal framework. As a liberal democracy with an export-oriented economy, the shape of Japanese military power is consistent with the model of a “seapower state.” Second, the chapter argues that the most significant changes in Japanese naval power do not concern the expansion of capabilities or renewed commitment to the US-Japan alliance. They concerned the empowerment of Japanese foreign policy with the option to actively “shape” international stability. Third, the chapter explores how Prime Minister Abe’s impact on the use of naval power has not negated constitutional constraints. Rather, he focused naval power’s shaping potential to underpin and reinforce his signature Free and Open Indo-Pacific initiative.
Japan-US Relations
Authors: Krauss Ellis S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The US-Japan relationship has survived for three-quarters of a century, despite economic and security crises, and consistent pressure from the United States to build contribute more to the alliance and open its domestic markets. This chapter analyzes these developments since the US Occupation imposed its postwar “pacifist constitution” on Japan. That constitution’s pacifism was ignored almost from the beginning, but it left an indelible imprint on public opinion, opposition parties, and what (and how) the perennial conservative governments could accomplish in security relations and the alliance. The chapter shows how economic and security relations have been related, how major international changes and domestic politics have been intertwined, and how the three main approaches to international relations have characterized the relationship. Finally, we discuss the relationships’ successful management and some implications for Japan’s democracy.
Ages of Empire
Authors: Vance Norman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article surveys connections between usually crumbling empires, ancient and modern, with the barbarians almost at the gates, and manifestations of cultural or individual decadence. Greek and Roman historians usually disapproved, developing a decadence narrative to explain historical eclipse. But the luxury and wayward behaviors of once mighty empires and narcissistic emperors, ranging from Sardanapalus in ancient Assyria and Xerxes in Persia to Nero and Elagabalus in ancient Rome, sent interestingly mixed messages to modern empires (British, French, German, and Russian), encouraged escapist dreams, and intrigued and stimulated writers such as Byron, Verlaine, Stefan George, Alexander Blok, and Gore Vidal. Was decadence a cause or consequence of imperial weakening? Was it even a perverse consequence of multicultural empire-building in the first instance?
Racial Socialization and Racism
Authors: Hagerman Margaret A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter illustrates key connections between the traditional field of symbolic interactionism and the study of racial socialization and racism. When researching and writing about racial socialization and racism from a micro-level perspective, it is important to not lose sight of the mutually sustaining relationship between the shared meaning making processes that unfold in everyday life and the big, broad structures that shape and reinforce those meanings. This is particularly true when thinking about theories of how the newest members of a society, through an interpretive process, come to understand the concept of race. Understanding how children learn about race requires taking into account how this learning process is shaped by both micro-level meaning making and macro-level structures. And this is a key theoretical principle of symbolic interactionism. The chapter then explores how race as a concept develops for young people through processes of social interaction within particular contexts.
The End of the Ottoman Empire and the Emergence of Nation-States
Authors: Anscombe Frederick F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the end of the Ottoman Empire, looking at three case studies which illustrate the pattern of change seen in the transition from the Ottoman Empire to nation-states. Greece, the first Ottoman territory to gain independence (1830), set precedents in establishing government by non-natives, introducing religious and legal institutions based on European models and working single-mindedly to instill national identity in its population. Almost a century later, King Faysal I (r. 1921–1933) of Iraq followed a similar path, albeit under British direction. The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1922 and offered a slight variation on the pattern in that it built on selected legacies from the late Ottoman Empire. It was the only post-Ottoman country founded primarily by internal effort rather than by European intervention, and the national identity it worked to entrench in the population drew upon the political ideas of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), which had dominated Ottoman government from 1908 to 1918. Despite that continuity, the republican government pursued the agenda of tearing down Ottoman institutions and rebuilding state and society as national projects. Such nation-building ultimately succeeded, producing its own instabilities; in new post-Ottoman countries, such as Greece, Iraq, and Turkey, social and political re-engineering aroused resistance within the population.
Maritime Coastal and Island Societies of Australia and New Guinea
Authors: Rowland Michael , Shaw Ben , Ulm Sean 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coasts, islands, and marine resources played a central role in the dispersal of people into and across Sahul (the combined landmass of New Guinea and Australia). This vast area spans tropical and temperate latitudes, with changes in the abundance and distribution of coastal resources having greatly influenced how people used these landscapes. Little is known of early coastal and island occupation in the millennia after colonisation because sites of this antiquity are now under water, and most islands formed in the Holocene following the postglacial rise in sea level. Current evidence indicates that small, mobile populations harvested nearshore shellfish and fish by 44–42 ka, with long-distance sea voyaging and interisland trade apparent by 25–20 ka. Increasingly intensive coast and island use is evident by the Mid-Holocene, with specialised maritime economies emerging in tropical latitudes throughout the Late Holocene. Although large gaps remain in our understanding of coastally oriented lifeways, multidisciplinary studies are increasingly challenging global paradigms about the antiquity and importance of marine resources on human cultural development.
Aesthetic Experience, Social Interfaces, and the Phenomenology of Music
Authors: Savage Roger W. H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The distinction that John Blacking draws between music that serves a social purpose and music that he regards as enhancing human consciousness calls for a further consideration of how the experiences that music affords are the source of its meaning and significance. Drawing on Hans-Georg Gadamer’s phenomenological analysis of play, the author sets out a hermeneutical approach that accounts for music’s expressive vehemence. Paul Ricoeur’s theory of mimesis provides a hermeneutical foundation for understanding how music’s expression of moods and feelings gives rise to different ways of inhering in the world. Music’s exemplification of the moods and feelings to which it gives voice, the author accordingly argues, is the spring of its worlding power. Conversely, Thomas Turino’s adaptation of Peirce’s semiology both draws on and supports ethnographic descriptions of emotive, musical behaviors. In turn, these descriptions presuppose the meaningfulness of the experiences that music occasions. Blacking’s insight into the primary significance of what he identifies as “music for being” thus reserves a place within ethnomusicological discourse for a phenomenological hermeneutics for which music’s worlding power is the ground of the interfaces between music’s expressive force and its place in social life.
Human Resource Management in the Not-for-Profit Sector
Authors: Parry Emma , Kelliher Clare 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines human resource management (HRM) in organizations in the not-for-profit sector. It examines the use of HRM practices relating to recruitment, selection, training, reward, performance management, communication, and diversity in not-for profit organizations, drawing on data collected via the Cranet survey. In the light of ongoing debate about how the not-for-profit sector differs from, or is similar to, the public and private sectors, we compare the findings across sectors. Furthermore, in line with commentary about the increasing importance of HRM in this sector, we compare the data collected in 2014/15 with the findings from the 2009/10 survey. We show that many of the HRM practices used in the not-for-profit sector are similar to those used in the public and private sectors, making it difficult to identify a unique not-for-profit approach to HRM. However, we also suggest that some elements of the commonly cited values-based approach to HRM remain.
Human Resource Management in the Germanic Context
Authors: Krebs Benjamin P. , Wach Bernhard A. , Wehner Marius C. , Reichel Astrid , Mayrhofer Wolfgang , Sender Anna , Staffelbach Bruno , Ligthart Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines how cultural and institutional differences within Germanic Europe shape cross-national variation in the approaches of firms to strategic integration of human resource management (HRM) and developmental HRM practices. Despite some cultural and institutional similarities, a comparison of societal cultural practices and institutional approaches reveals meaningful dissimilarities within the Germanic Europe cluster. Using data from the Cranet surveys 2004/5, 2009/10, and 2014/15, this chapter shows that the institutional and, to a lesser extent, cultural differences within the Germanic Europe cluster mirror the degree to which HRM is strategically integrated. In contrast, the study found many more similarities among the Germanic cluster countries and a high level of professionalization concerning developmental HRM practices. The findings indicate that cross-national differences in the strategic integration of HRM and developmental HRM practices are partially time-invariant, resulting from persistent differences in the institutional environment. The present study therefore contributes to the literature on the diffusion and adoption of HRM policies and practices from a comparative perspective.
Wayne McGregor
Authors: Butterworth Jo , McGregor Wayne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 2006, contemporary choreographer Wayne McGregor made Chroma for The Royal Ballet and was subsequently invited to become resident choreographer of the Royal Opera House in London. His work was described variously as hyperactive, hyperextended, minimalist, and highly inventive. This chapter traces the choices of intent, methods, and processes of creation of three works for The Royal Ballet, through McGregor’s own observations and perceptions, and by interrogating those of his artistic collaborators and critics, whose critical responses signal a wide range of perceptions initiated by his aesthetic. How can his works be seen to dismantle traditional balletic constructs, avoiding the linear perspective, making the art form relevant to contemporary society? Frameworks for investigation are provided through in-depth interviews with Wayne McGregor, referencing the writings of Roslyn Sulcas, Erika Fischer-Lichte, and Freya Vass-Rhee.
Reclaiming the Studio
Authors: Gaiser Casey Carrie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter follows contemporary choreographers Cathy Marston and Annabelle Lopez Ochoa as they create their ballets Snowblind and Guernica, respectively, for San Francisco Ballet’s 2018 “Unbound: A Festival of New Works.” The work discusses the choreographic processes of each woman and how these modes of movement generation impact aesthetic product. In particular, the chapter reflects on the relational dynamics of the studio space and how such dynamics intersect with the work being created. In light of the attention drawn to the gender imbalance in the field of ballet choreography, the chapter considers the challenges and opportunities for women choreographing ballets today.
Inside Enemy
Authors: McManus Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The first part of this chapter was initially published in German in 2004. It offers a firsthand look into what it is like to be onstage and inside the mind of a dancer as he propels himself through a furious solo choreographed by William Forsythe for the contemporary ballet Enemy in the Figure. The second part explains the parameters of improvisation which Forsythe and his ballet practitioners in Frankfurt experimented in the time leading up to the creation of Enemy. It shows how those experiments led them to rethink, and partially deconstruct, their daily practice of ballet training. The chapter, offering quotes from interviews with Forsythe as well as from previously published articles about this ballet, explains why Enemy in the Figure continues to be one of the most celebrated and performed ballets in the entire Forsythe repertory.
Amy Seiwert
Authors: Murphy Ann 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the career of Amy Seiwert, a Bay Area choreographer who, over a period twenty years, moved from neoclassical ballerina to full-time contemporary ballet choreographer with a desire to reformulate the classical dance lexicon. Her goal was to create dances, as well as dance practices, that could maintain the beauty of the classical language while reflecting and commenting on the realities of contemporary life. Thanks to the experimental dance scene in San Francisco, California, she eagerly exposed herself to the many choreographic tools long familiar in contemporary and postmodern dance. These included improvisation, scoring, movement games, and aleatory processes, all of which are organized forms of play. Play, and the agency and daring it requires, brought forth new, imaginative embodiments of movement problems and strategies for Seiwert; through them she has been able to address pressing social and existential questions and prove contemporary ballet’s relevance to the twenty-first century.
William Forsythe
Authors: Nugent Ann 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
William Forsythe questions the nature of dance and ways of thinking about choreography. Searching to bring ballet’s past into a new, and sometimes strange, present, he scrutinizes classically ordered systems. He initiates processes of deconstruction that enable the body to move into multiple kinespheres, linking his findings to improvisation strategies that change the bodily architecture. Thus distinctions blur between the dance’s outer appearance and the dancers’ inner awareness. In this chapter, Forsythe’s direction of the Ballett Frankfurt, and before that as a choreographer with the Stuttgart Ballet, is explored. The concept of the Forsythescape is introduced as a metaphor for a choreographic landscape that draws on different styles, identities, and social/cultural approaches. Focus turns to Artifact and Eidos:Telos, two long works of labyrinthine complexity. They change entrenched habits of looking at dance—and help to explain why the American Forsythe is renowned across the globe.
Jean-Christophe Maillot
Authors: Cappelle Laura 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Jean-Christophe Maillot is one of the few French choreographers to have achieved international recognition in the field of contemporary ballet in recent years. This chapter explores his fraught early development as a classically trained artist in the midst of a contemporary dance boom in France and his subsequent career at the helm of Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo. There, he found the practical support and creative freedom to build a large repertoire, both narrative and abstract, from 1993 onward. Finally, Maillot’s process and style are explored through a case study: The Taming of the Shrew, a ballet he created for Moscow’s Bolshoi Ballet in 2014. On the basis of studio-based sociological observations and interviews conducted during the rehearsals, this creation is envisioned as an example of the hybrid nature of new works in ballet today and the influence of the environment in which they are made.
William Forsythe
Authors: Foster Susan Leigh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter situates the work of William Forsythe in relation to ballet as an institutionalized practice, examining the various ways that he both implemented and challenged basic tenets of the form. The chapter argues that as director of the Frankfurt Ballet, Forsythe slowly transformed the company from a machinery for the production of spectacle into a collective of choreographers who consistently reflected on their own processes of dancemaking. In devising entirely new vocabularies of ballet movement, reorienting the aesthetic goals of ballet performance, and reorganizing the functional operations of the ballet company, he profoundly changed ballet’s meaning and purpose and fundamentally intervened in its history.
Shapeshifters and Colombe’s Folds
Authors: Tomić-Vajagić Tamara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The collaboration between William Forsythe and Issey Miyake in Ballett Frankfurt’s The Loss of Small Detail (1991) includes the Colombe dress, used in the finale of the first act, “the second detail.” If seen as a parallel choreographic object in Forsythe’s work, Miyake’s Colombe as “one piece of cloth” concept suggests the fold (Deleuze, 1993) as a potent epistemological principle that unites various versions of the work. Used in the solo dance that bridges two acts, the Colombe dress via the figure of fold visually hints at Forsythe’s choreographic gestures that open out balletic épaulement through “disfocus.” When Miyake’s and Forsythe’s topological gestures are juxtaposed, their discrete works reveal analogous shapeshifting that promotes multidirectional links between ballet and fashion as artistic forms that use historical and cultural frictions to fold into contemporaneity.
Dance Theatre of Harlem
Authors: Wideman-Davis Tanya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the women of the Dance Theatre of Harlem company and the radical acts of resistance they executed to subvert ballet’s dominant white normative culture: from the debated act of women wearing flesh-tone tights and pointe shoes, to joining the picket line in the country’s first strike by unionized dancers, negotiating gender-based, color-biased casting, and women performing ballet in natural hairstyles as an act of defining black female agency. The chapter illuminates how the black ballerinas of Dance Theatre of Harlem existed within the American social structure of white racist values against black female bodies performing ballet and the radical acts that emerged.