bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of a passively aerated biological filter (PABF) immobilized with non‐woven polyester fabric (NWPF) for wastewater treatment using GPS‐X
Authors: Hellal Mohamed S. , Abou‐Elela Sohair I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSimulation of a passively aerated biological filter packed with non‐woven polyester fabric (NWPF) was carried out using GPS‐X V.7 software. System was operated at HLR and OLR rates of 11.1 m3/m2. d and 2.5 kg BOD m3. d, respectively. Calibration of experimental results indicated excellent correlation between experimental and modelled effluent. Simulation was done by incremental increase of HLR, OLR until break through point. System was very efficient at OLR up to 4.1 kg BOD/m3. d where removal rates of 81–91% COD and 86–97% TSS were achieved. Increasing OLR to 2.25 folds of its original value (5.7 kg BOD/m3. d) decreased the efficiency of the system by 55% COD and 37% TSS. Increasing surface area of the packing material increased the overall efficiency of the treatment system. This study proved that simulation of any project prior implementation is a better optimization tool for design and construction as well as reducing costs of laboratory analyses.
Carbohydrate improves exercise capacity but does not affect subcellular lipid droplet morphology, AMPK and p53 signalling in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Fell J. Marc , Hearris Mark A. , Ellis Daniel G. , Moran James E. P. , Jevons Emily F. P. , Owens Daniel J. , Strauss Juliette A. , Cocks Matthew , Louis Julien B. , Shepherd Sam O. , Morton James P. 
Published: March 2021

Key points
Muscle glycogen and intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG, stored in lipid droplets) are important energy substrates during prolonged exercise.
Exercise‐induced changes in lipid droplet (LD) morphology (i.e. LD size and number) have not yet been studied under nutritional conditions typically adopted by elite endurance athletes, that is, after carbohydrate (CHO) loading and CHO feeding during exercise.
We report for the first time that exercise reduces IMTG content in both central and peripheral regions of type I and IIa fibres, reflective of decreased LD number in both fibre types whereas reductions in LD size were exclusive to type I fibres.
Additionally, CHO feeding does not alter subcellular IMTG utilisation, LD morphology or muscle glycogen utilisation in type I or IIa/II fibres.
In the absence of alterations to muscle fuel selection, CHO feeding does not attenuate cell signalling pathways with regulatory roles in mitochondrial biogenesis.
AbstractWe examined the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) feeding on lipid droplet (LD) morphology, muscle glycogen utilisation and exercise‐induced skeletal muscle cell signalling. After a 36 h CHO loading protocol and pre‐exercise meal (12 and 2 g kg–1, respectively), eight trained males ingested 0, 45 or 90 g CHO h–1 during 180 min cycling at lactate threshold followed by an exercise capacity test (150% lactate threshold). Muscle biopsies were obtained pre‐ and post‐completion of submaximal exercise. Exercise decreased (P < 0.01) glycogen concentration to comparable levels (∼700 to 250 mmol kg–1 DW), though utilisation was greater in type I (∼40%) versus type II fibres (∼10%) (P < 0.01). LD content decreased in type I (∼50%) and type IIa fibres (∼30%) (P < 0.01), with greater utilisation in type I fibres (P < 0.01). CHO feeding did not affect glycogen or IMTG utilisation in type I or II fibres (all P > 0.05). Exercise decreased LD number within central and peripheral regions of both type I and IIa fibres, though reduced LD size was exclusive to type I fibres. Exercise induced (all P < 0.05) comparable AMPKThr172 (∼4‐fold), p53Ser15 (∼2‐fold) and CaMKIIThr268 phosphorylation (∼2‐fold) with no effects of CHO feeding (all P > 0.05). CHO increased exercise capacity where 90 g h–1 (233 ± 133 s) > 45 g h–1 (156 ± 66 s; P = 0.06) > 0 g h–1 (108 ± 54 s; P = 0.03). In conditions of high pre‐exercise CHO availability, we conclude CHO feeding does not influence exercise‐induced changes in LD morphology, glycogen utilisation or cell signalling pathways with regulatory roles in mitochondrial biogenesis.
Global health without sexual and reproductive health and rights? Analysis of United Nations documents and country statements, 2014–2019
Authors: Gilby Lynda , Koivusalo Meri , Atkins Salla 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThe initial International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 contains the first reference to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights (SRHR). It has been considered agreed language on SRHR in future United Nations (UN) documents. However, opposition to SRHR in global forums has increased, including in conjunction with an increase in religious, far-right populist politics. This study provides an empirical analysis of UN documents to discover whether opposition to SRHR has resulted in changes in the language on SRHR between and what these changes are.MethodsThis is a qualitative policy analysis in which 14 UN resolutions, 6 outcome documents from the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) and 522 country and group statements and 5 outcome reports from the Commission on Population and Development were collected from the organisations websites from 2014 to 2019. Framework analysis was used. The text from documents was charted and indexed and themes developed from these.ResultsThe results demonstrated a disappearance of the language on abortion in the CSW outcome documents from 2017 and a change in the language on comprehensive sexuality education in the CSW as well as the UN General Assembly resolutions from 2018. This change included a removal of ‘sexuality’ to an increased emphasis on the role of families. Furthermore, documents showed an inability of some states to accept any mention of sexual and reproductive health at all, expanding from the usual contestations over abortion.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the global shift in politics and anti-SRHR actors at UN negotiations and conferences have removed previously agreed on language on SRHR from future UN resolutions and outcome documents. This is a concern for the global realisation of SRHR.
Study protocol of a phase 1 clinical trial establishing the safety of intrapleural administration of liposomal curcumin: curcumin as a palliative treatment for malignant pleural effusion (IPAL-MPE)
Authors: Hocking Ashleigh Jean , Farrall Alexandra L , Newhouse Sarah , Sordillo Peter , Greco Kim , Karapetis Christos Stelios , Dougherty Brendan , Klebe Sonja 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThis is a phase 1, open-label, single-centre, uncontrolled, dose-escalation study to evaluate the feasibility, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profiles of a single dose of liposomal curcumin, administered via an existing tunnelled indwelling pleural catheter (TIPC) directly to the tumour site in individuals with diagnoses of malignant pleural effusion. Primarily, we aim to determine a maximum tolerated dose of liposomal curcumin administered via this method.Methods and analysisWe will use a 3+3 expanded cohort for predefined dose-escalation levels or until a predefined number of dose-limiting toxicities are reached. Participants will be administered a single dose of liposomal curcumin (LipoCurc, SignPath Pharma) via their existing TIPC as a sequential enrolling case series with the following dose cohorts: 100, 200 and 300 mg/m2. Primary endpoints are determination of the maximum tolerated dose within the predetermined dose range, and determination of the feasibility of intrapleural administration of liposomal curcumin via an existing TIPC. Secondary endpoints include determination of the safety and tolerability of intrapleural administration of liposomal curcumin, median overall survival, effects on quality of life and on feelings of breathlessness, and the pharmacokinetics and concentrations of curcumin from the plasma and the pleural fluid. Important inclusion criteria include age ≥18 years, an existing TIPC, a pleural biopsy or pleural fluid cytology-proven diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion and for whom no antitumour therapy of proven benefit is available or has been previously declined, eastern cooperative group performance status <2.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Southern Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (approval number: HREC/20/SAC/11). Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, and presented at conferences, in field of medical oncology and respiratory medicine.Trial registration numberACTRN12620001216909.Protocol version numberV.1.0.
Cribriform colon cancer: a morphological growth pattern associated with extramural venous invasion, nodal metastases and microsatellite stability
Authors: Taylor Alexander S , Liu Natalia , Fang Jiayun M , Panarelli Nicole , Zhao Lili , Cheng Jerome , Gopal Purva , Hammer Suntrea , Sun Jing , Appelman Henry , Westerhoff Maria 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundCribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma was a colon cancer subtype recognised in the previous WHO classification of tumours that is no longer included in the recent edition. Previous reports have described colon cancers with cribriform growth as having worse overall survival and being associated with microsatellite stability. We sought to validate whether cribriform carcinoma (CC) is a distinct morphological subtype with clinical relevance in the context of modern colon cancer diagnosis.MethodsConsecutive cases of non-neoadjuvantly treated colon cancer resections were identified (n=177) and reviewed to evaluate for CC and other histopathological and clinical features. CC was defined as solid nests of cancer with round, ‘punched out’ spaces and intraluminal bridges, reminiscent of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.ResultsCC was present in 18.6% of the consecutive case cohort. Compared with all other cases, CC was associated with positive lymph nodes, increased depth of invasion, extramural venous involvement (EMVI), and microsatellite stability, and was less likely to have tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (p<0.05). In contrast to previous reports, we did not find significantly worse overall, disease-specific or recurrence-free survival for CC. Morphological features mimicking CC occurred in 33.3% of all other colon cancer cases.ConclusionIdentifying CC may be useful due to its association with worse stage at presentation and EMVI, but given that cribriform-like appearance may be found in many colon cancer cases and that we did not find a survival difference for CC, CC may not necessitate its own subtype classification.
Exploring multilevel social determinants of depressive symptoms for Tanzanian adolescents: evidence from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Prencipe Leah , Houweling Tanja AJ , van Lenthe Frank J , Palermo Tia M , Kajula Lusajo 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundDepression has substantial and enduring impacts for adolescents, particularly those living in poverty. Yet, evidence on its determinants in low-income countries remains scarce. We examined the social determinants of depressive symptoms for Tanzanian adolescents.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data for 2458 adolescents (aged 14–19), to describe associations with depressive symptoms within and across five domains—demographic, economic, neighbourhood, environmental and social-cultural—using linear mixed models. We estimated depressive symptoms using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, which ranges from 0 to 30 and increases with additional symptoms.ResultsFactors associated with depressive symptoms in the fully adjusted models included experiencing five or more household economic shocks (β=2.40; 95% CI 1.48 to 3.32), experiencing droughts/floods (β=0.76; 95% CI 0.36 to 1.17), being in a relationship (β=1.82; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.33), and having moderate (β=1.26; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.71) or low (β=2.27; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.74) social support. Exclusive schooling was protective compared with being engaged in both school and paid work (β=1.07; 95% CI 0.05 to 2.61) and not engaged in either (β=0.73; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.22). Household size and relationship status were more important factors for girls, while employment status, and extreme precipitation were more important for boys.ConclusionMental health is associated with determinants from multiple domains. Results suggest that environmental shocks related to climate change contribute to poor mental health in adolescents, highlighting an important area for intervention and research.
Colchicine in coronary artery disease
Authors: Katira Arnav , Katira Ravish 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammation has been seen to be a key feature of atherosclerosis and CAD, with a raised C-reactive protein being a marker of poor prognosis. Thus, the role of anti-inflammatory agents has been investigated in CAD. Colchicine is a well-known, inexpensive drug with marked anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we discuss the role of colchicine in stable CAD and post-acute coronary syndrome. We suggest that colchicine may play a key role in prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with stable and unstable CAD as colchicine is associated with a reduction in the rate of myocardial infarction and other major cardiovascular outcomes.
Chlamydia trachomatisandMycoplasma genitaliumprevalence and associated factors among women presenting to a pregnancy termination and contraception clinic, 2009–2019
Authors: Shilling Hannah S , Garland Suzanne M , Costa Anna-Maria , Marceglia Alex , Fethers Katherine , Danielewski Jennifer , Murray Gerald , Bradshaw Catriona , Vodstrcil Lenka , Hocking Jane S , Kaldor John , Guy Rebecca , Machalek Dorothy A 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundRisk of pelvic inflammatory disease associated withChlamydia trachomatisandMycoplasma genitaliumis increased after termination of pregnancy (TOP) and may be increased after insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs). Screening prior to these procedures is recommended only forC. trachomatis. We examinedC. trachomatisandM. genitaliumprevalence and associated factors among women presenting to a pregnancy termination and contraception service over 10 years.MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical data collected from 17 573 women aged 15–45 years in 2009–2019 and for 266M.genitaliumpositive women tested for macrolide resistance-associated mutations in 2016–2019.ResultsC. trachomatisandM. genitaliumprevalence was 3.7% and 3.4%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, shared risk factors were younger age (p<0.001, for bothC. trachomatisandM. genitalium), socioeconomic disadvantage (p=0.045 and p=0.008, respectively) and coinfection (p<0.001, for both sexually transmitted infections), with 10.1% ofC. trachomatispositive women also positive forM. genitalium. Additional risk factors were earlier year of visit (p=0.001) forC. trachomatisand forM. genitaliumresiding outside a major city (p=0.013). The proportion ofM. genitaliuminfections tested between 2016 and 2019 with macrolide resistance-associated mutations was 32.7%.ConclusionsGiven the high level of antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of coinfection, testingC. trachomatispositive women forM. genitaliumcould be considered in this setting to prevent further spread of resistant infections. Further research is required into the causal link betweenM. genitaliumand pelvic inflammatory disease in women undergoing TOP and IUD insertion.
On generation of a stochastic GW background by the scattering on relic wormholes
Authors: Kirillov A. A. , Savelova E. P. , Lecian O. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study collective features of the scattering of gravitational waves on relic wormholes and normal matter objects. We derive and solve the GW energy transport equation and show that the scattered signal lies in the same frequency spectrum bands as the basic signal. The scattering forms long living tails which always accompany the basic signal and have a universal form. The scattering on normal matter objects forms tails which have always the retarded character, while wormholes lead to advanced tails as well. In addition, wormholes may produce considerably stronger effect when the total energy in tails detected on the Earth exceeds that in the incident direct wave. In both cases the retarding tails have a long living character when the mean amplitude behaves with time as $$h\sim 1/\sqrt{t+R/c}$$

h
∼
1
/

t
+
R
/
c

. For a single GW event the echo tails give only a tiny contribution to the mean amplitude. However such tails accumulate with events and form a stochastic GW background which may be observed by the contribution to the noise.
Fundamentals of Soft Logic
Authors: Klein Moshe , Maimon Oded 
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we develop a new theory termed Soft Logic. This theory addresses the need to combine real processes and cognitive ones in the same framework. At the same time, we develop a new concept of modeling and dealing with uncertainty: the uncertainty of time and space. We develop a language that can talk in two reference frames, and also suggest a way to combine them. This constitutes a fundamental new mathematics. In this paper, we present the theory from its foundation. In Soft Logic, we refer to situations of uncertainty occurring in the present. Ambiguity is created from the possible point of view of the observer of the phenomenon. Sometimes reality contains contradictory or opposite situations at the same time, which can be interpreted in different ways by the observer. Such is the case of the Necker cube or the Fechner color effect, in which a texture of black and white colors moving in a certain pattern creates a rainbow of colors. Another example is the Mobius strip, which from a local point of view seems to have two sides, but from a global point of view has only one. The mathematical solution for expressing uncertainty in Soft Logic is the blow-up of the number zero by distinguishing between multiples of this number. In this manner, we create a zero-axis and define a new type of number called Soft Numbers, which have the following form: [Formula: see text] The zero-axis expresses the inner world of the observer and is the component of a subjective interpretation and a certain type of uncertainty that occurs in the present. Soft Numbers are similar to complex numbers, but the specific mathematical definitions are different and therefore Soft Numbers are a different world. This paper presents five axioms of Soft Logic, which form a new system of coordinates that differs from the Cartesian system and Gauss’s complex plane. We define the algebra of Soft Numbers, show the connection to differential and integral calculus, expand analytical functions to soft functions, and describe continuous curves in the soft coordinate system. In conclusion, we suggest several avenues for theoretical and practical research.
At the Intersection of Eco-Crises, Eco-Anxiety, and Political Turbulence: A Primer on Twenty-First Century Ecofascism
Authors: Thomas Cassidy , Gosink Elhom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explores the concept of ecofascism during the twenty-first century. In the midst of worsening ecological crises, a revival of ecofascist rhetoric and action has been observed. Despite this resurfacing, there is a lack of theorizing around the topic. This discussion will explore how the ecofascist label has been applied in different contexts historically, and the ways it may manifest in the twenty-first century. We hope that this stimulates conversation and awareness around ecofascism and serves as a guide to identify various ecofascist rhetorical tools, policies, and proposals.
Globalization and Its Contradictions: China’s Developing Path
Authors: Lixin Hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Globalization is a process of contradictions and value conflicts. Developing countries are faced with various challenges in this process. Economic globalization is essentially global-wide expansion of the capitalist economy. Inherent contradictions of economic globalization can be divided into original and derivative contradictions. The inherent contradiction of the capitalist economy determines its two different aspects, its corresponding effects upon the world history, as well as conflicts between economic, political, and cultural values. Being exposed to this process, China needs to make wise choices.
Biopolitics in the Time of Pandemic: Populism and Neoliberalism in the Light of COVID-19
Authors: Soborski Rafal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Populism is at the center of many debates about socio-political aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, pondering questions such as, “Is coronavirus bad for populism?” or “How do populist leaders respond to it?” is unlikely to bring significant insights into the distribution and operation of power in the context of COVID-19, or more generally. The populist label is used by elites to describe any politics that they dismiss, whether right- or left-wing, rendering populism an empty and incoherent concept. This point is supported by developments associated with COVID-19 as attitudes of “populist” regimes towards the pandemic varied and some of them followed the same strategies as those pursued by “non-populist” governments. This article reveals the limited explanatory utility of the concept of populism and proposes shifting the focus of attention towards neoliberalism as a key factor shaping individual countries’ responses to the ongoing biopolitical challenge.
The Use of the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson in the Seasonal Forecasting of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Mitchell Timothy D. , Camp Joanne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution improves the precision with which seasonal counts of tropical cyclones may be modeled. Conventionally the Poisson is used, which assumes that the formation and transit of tropical cyclones is the result of a Poisson process, such that their frequency distribution has equal mean and variance (“equi-dispersion”). However, earlier studies of observed records have sometimes found overdispersion, where the variance exceeds the mean, indicating that tropical cyclones are clustered in particular years. The evidence presented here demonstrates that at least some of this overdispersion arises from observational inhomogeneities. Once this is removed, and particularly near the coasts, there is evidence for equi-dispersion or underdispersion. To more accurately model numbers of tropical cyclones, we investigate the use of the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson as an alternative to the Poisson that represents any dispersion characteristic. An example is given for East China where using it improves the skill of a prototype seasonal forecast of tropical cyclone landfall.