bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on Classical Preparatory Methods of Rasa Dravyaas
Authors: Hirudkar Vandana N. , Gharde Sarita G. 
Published: September 2021

The Ayurveda term Rasashaastra merely involves science of mercury (Parada). This specialized modality works around mineral, metal and precious elements. The drugs or raw materials utilized under category of Rasashaastra are known as ‘Rasa dravyaas’. These drugs offer several therapeutic responses and imparts excellent pattern of drug absorption, assimilation and quick action. Rasa dravyaas are utilized for treating diseases of skin, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system and excretory system, etc. The metal and mineral based products are prepared using specific procedures of purification, mixing, heating, incineration and size reduction, etc. The procedures involves in the preparation of these drugs provides particular characteristics in formulation therefore it is very essential to prepare Rasa dravyaas as per the specified protocol with great precaution, the error in preparation of Rasa dravyaas can hamper quality of drugs and also responsible for adverse reaction. Thus ancient Ayurveda philospher advocated that a learned person should involve in the preparation of Rasa dravyaas with quality check in each step. Present article explores classical preparatory methods of Rasa Dravyaas.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Rasashaastra, Rasa dravyaas, Parada
Study of Drug Prescribing Pattern in Pediatric Outpatient Department at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Rahul Sabbu , Sravya Devathi Venkata lakshmi , Doddayya Hiremath 
Published: September 2021

Background: Infants and children suffer from frequent but usually non serious illnesses and are more vulnerable to various adverse events related to drugs and poor understanding of instructions on prescription by the patient or caretakers were likely to cause medication error. The correct identification of an illness and its management with medications is a vital aspect of patient care, especially for paediatric population. So, prescribing pattern studies are very helpful in promoting the appropriate use of drugs in population. Objectives: It aims to obtain data on the current prescribing pattern in pediatric OPD at a tertiary care teaching hospital with ultimate goal to promote appropriate use of drugs. Methods: This study was conducted in 62 pediatric patients of either sex visiting Pediatric out-patient department over a period of three months at NMCH and RC, Raichur, Karnataka. Results: Prescription analysis showed that the average number of drugs per prescription was 3.32. Drugs were mostly prescribed by brand name (98.06%), Injections (4.83%) were least prescribed, drugs prescribed from Essential Drug List was 48.54%. Antibiotics were most prescribed class of drugs (33.9%). Conclusion: The study concludes that polypharmacy was slightly seen in prescriptions. Diagnosis of the patient was recorded for most of the prescriptions. There is need to conduct many such studies at regular interval as it is useful for auditing large number of prescriptions to find out early signals of the irrational drug use. Our study evaluated drug use pattern only from the outpatients hence prescription pattern may vary among inpatients.
Keywords: Prescribing pattern, Infants, WHO core prescribing indicators, Polypharmacy, Generic name
A Review on Brief Study of Calotropis gigantea Linn
Authors: Negi Divya , Bisht Ajay Singh 
Published: September 2021

Calotropis gigantea Linn is a popular restorative herb commonly known as milk weed & has been utilized in Indian system of medication. In this review, the systematic position, introduction about the plant, morphological study, phytochemistry and the economical values of the Calotropis gigantea are discussed. It has oval, light green leaves and smooth stem. The plant is growing in a wide range of soils and natural conditions, requiring no cultivation practices. Various pharmacological activities reported like antioxidant activity, anti-malarial activity, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic activity, antipyretic activity, anti-asthmatic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity, insecticidal activity, wound healing activity & anti-diarrheal activity.
Keywords: Calotropis gigantea Linn., Pharmacological studies.
A Comparative Research between Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Profile of Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity on Rodents
Authors: Tony Darsi Eswar , Kiran M. Uday , Saleha Md. Abu , Naik R. Suresh , Sai U. Bhargav , Niranjan V. , Kowshik T. , Nadendla Rama Rao 
Published: September 2021

The condition of hyperlipidemia is found to be a great establisher for all the negative health consequences which may lead to cardiac complications. Continuous usage of medication alone is not permanent remedy but also need physical exercise. The same situation was established in animals to assess the performance of pharmacological and non-pharmacological profile by standardized screening using In-vivo methods. The high-cholesterol diet caused a significant increase in total lipids, total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the atherogenic index, whereas the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased for the treatment groups intended for physical exercise. This article enables the importance of health benefited by physical performance by depicting the biochemical parameters.
Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, activity wheel, Physical exercise, Cardiac performance.
Dry-Coating of Powder Particles is Current Trend in Pharmaceutical Field
Authors: Alli Saikh Mahammed Athar 
Published: September 2021

Modification of surface attributes of particles, usually accomplished by coating, is desirous to enhance and maintain their usability. Coating is a multi-step process involves application of the coating material (CoM) onto the substrate, herein powder particles, where the process along with device/ equipment monitors surface attributes of the applied coating. Nowadays competitive market calls for cost cutting to survive product(s). Thus saving of energy and time, minimising number and quantity of additives, reducing and shortening process steps; consequently minimising the coating process cost are main goals while developing coating process for powder particle. Innovation of processes for dry-powder coating (DPC) along with their further development and refinement finds solution to said issues. Further, DPC process does not calls for liquid solvent or solution thus are viewed as cost-effective and environmentally safe, DPC process uses thermo-mechanical methods like mechanofusion, magnetic assisted impaction coating (MAIC), hybridization, rotating fluid-bed process, theta-composer, hot-melt coating (HMC), and many others. Besides these available are non-thermo-mechanical methods namely electrostatic coating; supercritical fluids (SCF) based methods like rapid expansion of supercritical fluid (RESF), gas anti-solvent (GAS), SCF anti-solvent, gas-saturated solution (GSS); vapour coating; and others. Basing on said thermo-mechanical and non-thermo-mechanical principle several DPC methods/ process had been reported in scientific literatures and patents. Said DPC method founds multidisciplinary applications like drug delivery and drug development. Diverse devices are there for the DPC process; their method of working, principle, limitations and benefits along with their applicability in pharmaceutical field are discussed and presented in this article.
Keywords: Dry, particle, coating, pharmaceutical, process
Thyroid Hormones in the Human Body: A review
Authors: Rajalakshmi A. N. , Begam Farghana 
Published: September 2021

Thyroid gland is an essential endocrine gland that is present in the human body. This review highlights the production, regulation and disease conditions of the thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland is controlled with the help of hypothalamus and the pituitary gland that is present in the brain. The production of thyroid hormones involves five main steps such synthesis of thyroglobulin (TG), iodide uptake, iodination of thyroglobulin, storage and release. The two important hormones produced by the thyroid gland are Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine(T3). These two hormones are iodine containing derivatives. Deficiency of iodine in the body results in the reduction of T3 and T4 production. Excess and deficiency of these two hormones result in the major diseases like Hyper and Hypothyroidism. The synthetic forms of Thyroxine(T4) and Triiodothyronine(T3) used in the Pharmaceutical field are Levothyroxine and Liothyronine. Women are most commonly prone to these thyroid diseases comparatively to men. Undiagnosed disease conditions may become fatal. Levothyroxine therapy is commonly used for thyroidism which is a similar synthetic thyroid hormone. Also natural thyroid hormones that are obtained from the dried thyroid glands of animals are available. Thyroid function test and the measurement of T3, T4 plasma level becomes essential for the identification and regular maintenance of thyroid hormones in the body and human well-being.
A Review on Niosomes: Potential Vesicular Drug Delivery System
Authors: Kumavat Sonali , Sharma Pravin Kumar , Koka Sweta S , Sharma Ravi , Gupta Ashish , Darwhekar G. N. 
Published: September 2021

Over the years researchers have been making an attempt to improve the potency of utilization of medicament for treatment of numerous diseases. During this endeavour, drug delivery systems have helped greatly by achieving reduced dose, reduced dosage frequency, improved patient compliance, improved bioavailability and maximum concentration of the drug at the target site. Recent years have seen an unprecedented growth in the use of nanotechnology in designing drug delivery systems. Niosomes are vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants, which are biodegradable, comparatively non-toxic, stable, economical and effective alternate to liposomes. This review is deepening and widening the interest of Niosomes in several scientific disciplines and notably its application in drug delivery. This review additionally presents a summary of the types, methods of preparation, characterization and applications of Niosomes.
Keywords: Niosomes, types, method of preparation, factors affecting and applications
A Review on Protein Misfolding Diseases and therapeutics for preventing Diseases
Authors: Singh Yogesh Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Background: Protein misfolding sicknesses are the gathering of irresistible lethal neuro and non-neurodegenerative infections and in ebb and flow researchers and specialists accepted that unusual folding of protein is the essential or main key of such illnesses are Alzheimer's infections, Parkinson's diseases, Huntington's sickness, Creutzfeldt-Jakob infection, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher's infection and numerous other degenerative and neurodegenerative problems. The motive of this review article is to gave a detailed of the existing structural information for prion and prion protein and also we will trying to find out their preventing root causes with respect to structural information of prions within the context of what is known about the protein misfolding diseases.
Objective: This article presents a brief overview of research on the use of these therapeutics for the treatment or improvement in prion diseases or protein misfolding.
Material and Methods: This article begins with the brief introduction about protein misfolding diseases or infections and the therapeutic materials which are used in researches or explain this article (pentosan polysulfate, Quinacrine, Doxycycline, Chaperone based therapy, Resveratrol and curcumin) etc.
Results and Conclusions: In this present context of protein misfolding/prion diseases diagonsis.Therapeutic approaches predicts that person infected with prion diseases prolongs the survival time of the patient and improvement in the conditions of the prion diseased infected patient which provides good result for future medicine development.
Keywords: Amyloid, Beta-sheet, neurodegenerative, prion, protein misfolding, therapeutics etc
IncHI1A plasmids potentially facilitate a horizontal flow of antibiotic resistance genes to pathogens in microbial communities of urban residential sewage
Authors: Olesen Asmus , Pinilla-Redondo Rafel , Hansen Mads , Russel Jakob , Dechesne Arnaud , Smets Barth F. , Madsen Jonas , Nesme Joseph , Sørensen Søren 
Published: September 2021

Horizontal gene transfer via plasmids is important for the dissemination
of antibiotic resistance genes among medically relevant pathogens.
Specifically, the transfer of IncHI1A plasmids is believed to facilitate
the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, such as carbapenemases,
within the clinically important family Enterobacteriaceae. The
microbial community of urban wastewater treatment plants has been shown
to be highly permissive towards conjugal transfer of IncP1 plasmids.
Here, we tracked the transfer of the P1 plasmid pB10 and the clinically
relevant HI1A plasmid R27 in the microbial communities present in urban
residential sewage entering full-scale wastewater treatment plants. We
found that both plasmids readily transferred to these communities and
that strains in the sewage were able to further disseminate them.
Furthermore, that R27 has a broad potential host range, but a low host
divergence. Interestingly, although the majority of R27 transfer events
were to members of Enterobacteriaceae, we found a subset of
transfer to other families, even other phyla. Indicating, that HI1A
plasmids facilitate horizontal gene transfer both within
Enterobacteriaceae, but also across families of especially
Gammaproteobacteria, such as Moraxellaceae,
Pseudomonadaceae and Shewanellaceae. pB10 displayed a
similar potential host range as R27. In contrast to R27, pB10 had a high
host divergence. By culture enrichment of the transconjugant
communities, we show that sewage strains of Enterobacteriaceae
and Aeromonadaceae can stably maintain R27 and pB10,
respectively. Our results suggest that dissemination in the urban
residual water system of HI1A plasmids may result in an accelerated
acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogens.
Psychological Characteristics and Goals of Caregivers Choosing Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Alkhaled Lina , O’Riordan MaryAnn , MacLeish Sarah , Hazen Rebecca , Wood Jamie R. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can improve glycemic outcomes in pediatric type 1 diabetes management. However, its impact on the psychosocial functioning of caregivers is less well described. The objectives of this pilot study were to explore caregiver reasons for adding CGM to their child’s type 1 diabetes management, parental psychosocial function before initiating CGM, and the relationship between the two.

Methods
Thirty-two families with a child with type 1 diabetes from Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital diabetes clinics who were initiating CGM were recruited over 3 months. Before CGM initiation, the caregivers completed the Fear of Hypoglycemia Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, and a questionnaire assessing their primary reason for starting CGM. Participant characteristics and questionnaire results were summarized with descriptive statistics. Participants were grouped by reason for starting CGM, and results were compared among groups using ANOVA and reporting the global F test.

Results
Fifty percent of respondents indicated that they were starting CGM to optimize glycemic control. The majority of parents (71.8%) expressed worry about helplessness during a hypoglycemic episode. There were no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics or questionnaire results between groups. Forty-three percent of participating families started using CGM during the study’s 8-month follow-up period. The main reason (64%) for not starting CGM was not having the chance to start the process of obtaining a CGM system. There were no statistically significant differences between children who did and did not start CGM.

Conclusion
Caregivers have different reasons for starting CGM for their child with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to understand whether these reasons are related to differences in psychosocial functioning. Despite interest in starting CGM, there remain barriers to implementation.
BEBAN PAJAK TANGGUHAN, LEVERAGE, ASIMETRI INFORMASI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA
Authors: Basrian Prakas Buai , Oktavia Reni , Tubarat Chara Pratami Tidespania 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of deferred tax expense, leverage, and information assimilation on earnings management. This study uses secondary data with a population of companies registered in the Consumer Goods Industrial Sector Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. The method used to determine the sample using purposive sampling. It consists of 18 manufacturing companies in the Consumer Goods industry with 90 samples. The analytical method used is descriptive data analysis. The results of hypothesis testing show that Deferred Tax Expenses have no effect on earnings management, Leverage has a positive effect on corporate earnings management and information assurance has no effect on corporate earningsmanagement.
Literature reviews: Gender And Rural Development
Authors: Hasanati Surani , Rijanta R , Pitoyo AJ 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper was to elaborate the gap of gender and rural development from geography perspective based on scientific research literature reviews. Four papers was selected to conduct this literature reviews. There are paper from Jennifer C. Langill, Chetan Choitani, Rosanna Quagliariello and friends, also Tamara Jacka and Sally Sargeson. These journals are interesting because it discusses the conception of empirical-scientific geography model as empirical science. Jennifer C. Langill’s paper offered a conceptual framework for gendered division of labour and gendered livelihoods in rural Amazonia: highlighting how gender roles and gendered livelihoods in rural Amazonia: highlighting how gender roles and livelihood seasonality need to be understood as co-produced. Because gendered livelihoods are further complicated by household composition and life-stage, often over-burdened with productive and reproductive labour. While Chetan Choitani shows the impact of migration of men that include ‘improved autonomy’ and ‘increased responsibility’ for left-behind women, also provide conceptual pathways to understand migration-gender-food security linkages. Rosanna Quagliariello and friends offered solutions for gender mainstreaming in rural area by technocratic regulation, legality, implementation and law enforcement within the framework of gender mainstreaming that ensures the empowerment of women towards gender equality. While Tamara Jacka and Sally Sargeson Discover the highlight of local constructions of gender and representation.
Keywords: Gender, Rural Development, Gender and Development, Geography, Literature Review
ESTUDIO DE LA ERGONOMÍA DE LA INSTRUMENTACIÓN DE LA CABINA DE LA DA20-C1 Y PROPUESTA DE MEJORA
Authors: DAVALOS CARRILLO ANDRES , COBO VÉLEZ ALLAN GEOVANNY 
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo se enfoca en la importancia de la ergonomía de la instrumentación de la cabina de la DA20-C1 con el fin de mitigar problemas que causan la ausencia de la misma, el propósito principal de la presente investigación es determinar los problemas más relevante de la ergonomía de esta cabina, para proponer la implementación del uso de un modelo CRM en las misiones de instrucción y operativas de la Escuela Superior Militar de Aviación “Cosme Rennella Barbatto” para reducir la agotamiento y el estrés del piloto, este estudio de campo desarrollado dentro de las instalaciones de la ESMA, incluyendo como población el personal de pilotos militares activos conformados de la siguiente manera: cadetes de la especialidad pilotos, pilotos operativos e instructores de vuelo, para la obtención de los resultados se verificó de modo directo las actividades que cumplen ellos, adicional se realizaron encuestas para confirmar la existencia de los problemas ergonómicos de instrumentación cuando se encuentran en misiones reales de vuelo, además de verificar la viabilidad de implementar un modelo CRM ya que no se consideró viable el rediseño de aeronaves por su alto costo.
GESTION DE LA CALIDAD EDUCATIVA EN LA EDUCACION SUPERIOR DE LA ESFORSE
Authors: GARCÉS MANCERO FLOR EMPERATRIZ , GUTIÉRREZ ALBÁN LUIS GERMÁNICO , BARRAGÁN LUCAS SONIA MARÍA 
Published: September 2021

La globalización tiene una gran influencia en el mundo; advirtiendo un desarrollo de conocimiento y la innovación tecnológica, lo que viene provocado complejos cambios en las relaciones sociales culturales y económicas, educativos de los países; Ecuador mediante la implementación de políticas públicas buscan apoyar al constante mejoramiento de la calidad de la Educación Militar de las FFAA ecuatoriana.El presente estudio contribuirá a la calidad de Educación Militar perteneciente a la Escuela de Formación de Soldados del Ejército ESFORSE que viene a partir del año 2005 ofertando Títulos de Tercer Nivel como es la Tecnología en Ciencias Militares a los alumnos aspirantes con el objetivo que adquieran conocimientos, habilidades dentro de sus competencias, originando transformaciones en la estructura, administración, normativas de las Fuerzas Armadas Ecuatorianas basados en el desarrollo y evolución de las amenazas en los diferentes escenarios en el área de la seguridad (integral) y defensa. La ESFORSE esté ubicado en el País Ecuador provincia de Tungurahua cantón Ambato, actualmente está dirigido por un Sr. Oficial quien está encargado del área de gestión administrativa, cumpliendo disposiciones de la Fuerza y Modelo Educativo de FFAA, conjuntamente con las leyes, normativas y reglamentos establecidos en la Ley de Educación Superior Ecuatoriana para lo cual es necesario una conexión de los procesos para buscar la excelencia y calidad de educación, cumpliendo con las necesidades pedagógicas, académicas, administrativas conociendo la realidad de la Institución formadora de aspirantes a Soldados y Tecnólogos Superior en Ciencias Militares para el cumplimiento de los objetivos, metas, estrategias de la Carrera para lo cual se realizó una encuesta a 295 a estudiantes, docentes y directivos.
La mirada distante
Authors: Esteban Maluenda Ana 
Published: September 2021

Decía Jean-Jacques (Rousseau, 1782) que «el gran defecto de los europeos consiste en filosofar siempre sobre los orígenes de las cosas según lo que ocurre en torno a ellos.» Así, las primeras historias de la arquitectura moderna la presentaron como un movimiento nacido en Europa, trasladado a los Estados Unidos y, desde ambos nodos, irradiado al resto del mundo como una adaptación del original. Este trabajo revisa la evolución de la imagen de la arquitectura de los países latinoamericanos a través de su presencia en las revistas especializadas europeas y estadounidenses tras la II Guerra Mundial. Apoyados no sólo en las publicaciones periódicas, sino en su interacción con catálogos y libros coetáneos, recorreremos tres décadas de cambios y analizaremos los diferentes planteamientos de los países receptores, en un intento por localizar y explicar los grandes momentos que se vivieron en el panorama de la difusión de la arquitectura moderna latinoamericana.