bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wastewater Treatment in the Production of Purified Sodium Bicarbonate to Produce Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Bykovsky N A , Kantor E A , Malkova M A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The production of purified sodium bicarbonate is accompanied by the formation of wastewater containing sodium carbonate and bicarbonate. Up to 1.5 m3 of sewage is formed per 1 ton of filtered sodium bicarbonate. Wastewater contains about 23.5 g/l sodium carbonate and about 40.4 g/l sodium bicarbonate. The article presents the results of studies related to the processing of wastewater generated in the production of purified sodium bicarbonate in a membrane electrolyzer with a cation exchange membrane. The wastewater treatment process was carried out at a membrane current density of 30 mA/cm2 to 60 mA/cm2. The research shows that in the process of electrochemical processing of wastewater, sodium carbonate is obtained first, and only then sodium bicarbonate is extracted. At the same time, during the electrolysis, sodium hydroxide is formed. The maximum achieved concentration of sodium hydroxide was 362 g/l. The current efficiency of electrolysis process calculated by changing sodium hydroxide concentration depends on the membrane current density. The maximum current efficiency is observed at a current density of 30 mA/cm2 and equals 64.3%. The specific energy costs of sodium hydroxide producing increases with increasing current density. The minimum energy consumption was 2.2 kWh/kg.
A review: bioactive compounds of macroalgae and their application as functional beverages
Authors: Widyaswari S G , Metusalach  , Kasmiati  , Amir N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Macroalgae have the potential of a bioactive compound that can be used as the main ingredient in functional beverages. The content of bioactive compounds in macroalgae such as natural pigments, sulfated polysaccharides, antioxidants have been studied and it is very beneficial for health. Macroalgae, which are used as main ingredient in functional beverage, must be contain bioactive compound that are beneficial for health and also must be free from microbiological and heavy metal contamination. This study aims to determine bioactive compound activity and the potential of macroalgae as the primary raw material in the formulation of functional beverages. Studied on the formulation of functional beverages with macroalgae as raw materials have been carried out in the last few decades. All types of macroalgae have the potential to be used as raw material or main ingredient for functional beverage. The formulation of macroalgae functional beverages with other additives can improve the quality of the final product. The addition of natural scented ingredients and containing bioactive compounds can increase the value of taste and increase the nutritions in functional beverage products.
Screening acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from marine-derived actinomycetes by simple chromatography
Authors: Kamaruddin M , Marzuki I , Burhan A , Ahmad R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of Acetylcholine [Ach] cholinergic synapses in the central and peripheral nervous systems. As a result, AChE inhibitors promote an increase in the concentration and length of Ach synaptic activity. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) are currently considered the best therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s patients. The potential sources of the current AChE inhibitors are predominantly plants. However, some of these drugs are known to have disadvantages such as limited half-life or side-effect such as hepatotoxicity. Marine microorganisms are a potential new source of the enzyme inhibitors. Since their rich and diverse metabolites have a wide range of biological activities, one of them is an actinomycetes of special interest in antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to screen AChE inhibitors from marine-derived actinomycetes using a simple method, thin layer chromatography (TLC). In addition, TLC was used for the determination of solvents for adsorption of actinomycetes AchE inhibitors. The results showed that the combination of chloroform/methanol = 80/20 had the best AchE inhibitor separation performance, while the combination of DCM/methanol = 90/10 should be considered if the gradient elution was selected during the separation process.
The Identification and Distribution Components of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminants at the Port of Paotere, Makassar, South Sulawesi
Authors: Marzuki I , Pratama I , Ismail H E , Paserangi I. , Kamaruddin M , Chaerul M. , Ahmad R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ASTM standard recommends that the 16 most common types of PAHs are found in petroleum processing activities, the chemical industry and marine loading ports. This research aims to identify and determine the distribution of PAHs contaminants at three sampling points of seawater around Paotere Port, Makassar, South Sulawesi, using the GC-MS instrument. Sampling point A is the center of Paotere Port activity, Point B with a radius of 3 km and point C with a radius of 6 km from the center of port activity. Sampling at each point was carry out at a depth of 100 cm above sea level. There are 10 PAHs identified at sampling point A and B, while at point C there are 8 components with relatively the same type of PAHs. The dominant PAHs components at each sampling point are relatively the same, namely at point A: Pyrene, Chrysene, Benz[a]pyrene and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, point B: Pyrene, Chrysene and Benz(a)anthtracene, while at point C only Pyrene. The total concentration of PAHs at point A: 4,217±.106 ppm, medium polluted category, at point B: 2,124±.087 ppm, medium polluted category and at point C: 1,264±. 112 ppm, light polluted category.
The effect of storage on the making of surimi and kamaboko tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Saputra E , Tjahjaningsih W , Abdillah A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aims this research is to determine the effect of storage and raw materials on frozen storage on the quality of surimi and kamaboko tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). There are three types of raw materials used, namely fillet, minced fish, and minced fish + sorbitol, with three washing treatments and four weeks of freeze storage observed each week. The method used consisted of measuring pH, moisture content, bite test, and fold test. Then the results show that the best kamaboko for tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) is obtained from fillet raw materials compared to minced fish raw materials and minced fish + sorbitol raw materials, with a washing frequency of one time and a frozen storage period of 3 weeks.
Microbiology safety of green mussel, Perna viridis after treated with boiling and sous vide
Authors: Samsudin A S , Karim N U 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
All samples (treated samples and controls) were subjected to total bacteria, total coliform, Enterobacteriaceae sp., Pseudomonas sp. and yeast and mould count at interval of 5 day during 20 days of chilled storage. Boiling and sous vide were significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total bacteria count in green mussel compared to the controls after 20 days of chilled storage. Interestingly, green mussel were free from pathogenic bacteria after treated with sous vide as the total coliform, Enterobacteriacaea sp and Pseudomonas sp were not observed in those samples. In addition, the yeast and mould count were found at amount of 3.23±0.14 log10 cfuml−1 in green mussel treated with sous vide which is lower than in controls (4.10±0.21 log10 cfuml−1). The shelf life estimation showed that green mussel after treated with sous vide had a prolong up to 32 days compared to boiling (∼15 days) and controls (∼10 days) in chilled storage. Therefore, sous vide treatment were effectively in prevent the risk of contamination in green mussel during storage compared to boiling treatment. These emerging preservation technique may widely introduce to the consumer in ensuring the safety of the products.
The potential of chitosan from comb-pen (Atrina pectinata) shell waste on the characteristics of hand body cream
Authors: Fauzi F , Sulmartiwi L , Saputra E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The comb-pen shell is one of the sources of chitosan, which is a natural substance derived from chitin and could found in Indonesia. In the non-food sector, chitosan can used as antibacterial, antioxidant, and thickening on hand body cream ingredients. This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition chitosan from comb-pen shell waste to the characteristics of hand body cream. The parameters, including pH, TPC, and Homogeneity were tested on the first day and after fourteen-day storage at room temperature. The pH test results ranges from 7.8 to 8.0. The TPC test result is <10 CFU/25 g in every sample on both test. The hand body cream homogeneity has the same homogeneity level between the control and the treatment samples. The viscosity results were obtained from literature studies regarding the manufacture of hand body cream using chitosan from small crab (Portunus pelagicus) shells. The characteristics of hand body cream has a good result on every parameter tests shown that are fulfilled the standard of Indonesia Nasional Standards (SNI). The addition of chitosan from comb-pen shell (Atrina pectinata) waste affects the characteristics of hand body cream.
Effect of deacetylation conditions on physicochemical properties of chitosan derived from shrimp shell and squid pen
Authors: Basarah A R , Pujiastuti D Y , Waiprib Yaowapha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin. The physicochemical properties of chitosan end products resulted from many factors such as chitin source of origin, deacetylation conditions such as alkali concentration, ratios of chitin to alkali, temperatureand extent of the reaction. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of deacetylation time length and alkali treatments on physicochemical properties of chitosan products prepared from shrimp shell, and squid pen. The result demonstrated that the % yield of chitosan products were in the range of 62.23-90.83% for α form and 71.30-98.07% for β form. The molecular weight (MW) of chitosan products were in a range of 342.98-1603.48 kDa for α form, and 127.11-908.18 kDa for β form. The % deacetylation degree (%DD) of chitosan products derived from shrimp shell were in a range of 85.36-91.39%. In addition, the result showed that %DD of chitosan products was significantly negative correlated with MW of chitosan products.
The application of betacyanin microcapsules as natural food colorant on beverage model
Authors: Nurbaya S R , Putri W D R , Murtini E S , Khamidah A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Betacyanin microcapsules were made from betacyanin extract (extracted from red dragon fruit peel) and coated with coating material, consist of maltodextrin + gum arabic. The effect of heating on the stability of betacyanin content and color in beverage model containing betacyanin were studied. Betacyanin microcapsules were applicate in water with different pasteurization temperatures (65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C) and time heating (10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes). The result showed betacyanin content was not significantly decreased after it heated for 10 minutes to 20 minutes. This indicated betacyanin microcapsules from red dragon peel was potential to be natural food colorant in beverage model.
Utilization of fermented Seligi leaf flour Phyllanthus buxifolius toward the specific growth rate, daily growth rate and survival rate of siam catfish (Pangasius pangasius)
Authors: Budiman Y G , Lamid M , Rahardja B S , Amin M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Siam Catfish (Pangasius pangasius) is a freshwater fish commodity that has important economic value because of its fast growth and easily cultured. One way to increase catfish production is through fulfilling the nutritional requirements through the feed. However, the problem that often arises is the high cost of feed, so it is necessary to use the alternative feed to reduce feed costs. Seligi leaf flour (Phyllanthus buxifolius) is an alternative feed material that can be used as additional feed ingredients. But Seligi leaf flour has a high crude fibre content of 15.48% while the crude protein is 11.53%. Fermentation is needed to reduce crude fibre and increase protein. Specific growth rate, daily growth rate and survival rate are factors that need to be considered in the process of fish culture. The results of this study indicated that the use of Seligi leaf flour (Phyllanthus buxifolius) in catfish showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) with the control treatment at specific growth rates, daily growth rates, and survival of siam catfish (Pangasius pangasius).
Occurance of Anisakis of mackarel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) from Sendangbiru fishing auction place, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Bobsaid R , Sari P D W , Subekti S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the prevalence and the intensity of Anisakis from Mackarel Tuna (Euthynnus affinis). A total number of 180 of mackarel tuna were collected from Sendangbiru Fishing Auction Place, East Java, Indonesia. Fish were examined and observed for the Anisakis using a stereo microscope and a light microscope. The morphology of Anisakis were observed after colored by Semichen-acetic carmine and drawn by camera lucida. Anisakis simplex L3 were found in all of the fish sample with the predilection in the gastrointestinal and mesenterium of Mackarel Tuna. The prevalence of A. simplex is 7.5%, while the intensity is 1.7.
Potential utilization of kombucha as a feed supplement in diets on growth performance and feed efficiency of catfish (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Ramadhan H U , Prayogo  , Kenconojati H , Rahardja B S , Azhar M H , Budi D S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Kombucha is a tea beverage obtained from the fermentation of sugared tea by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast. Kombucha is known to have many beneficial effects in health due to its chemical content and a high source of acetic acid and lactic acid bacteria and yeast. This study aimed to investigate the effect of kombucha supplementation in feed on growth performance and feed efficiency of catfish (Clarias sp.). Four hundred fish were distributed randomly into five feeding treatment groups includes a basal diet (control) and kombucha supplementation in the fish diet at 4 mL, 6 mL, 8 mL, and 10 mL/kg of feed. The feed was administered for 30 days. Results showed that the administration of kombucha in feed significantly improved the growth performance of catfish (P<0.05). Fish fed with kombucha supplementation at 8 mL produced the highest weight gain, absolute growth rate, and specific growth rate. Feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency ratio were significantly enhanced in the administration of 8 mL kombucha in a fish diet compared to the control diet. This study indicated that administration of kombucha in fish diet had a potential for enhancing the growth performance and feed efficiency of catfish (Clarias sp.)
The Variability in Population Structure of Gastropods in Sedati Waters, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java
Authors: Fadliyah S , Sari L A , Pursetyo K T , Zein A , Idris M H , Cahyoko Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has a lot of mollusks wealth, one of which is gastropods. Sedati waters are one of the coastal areas of Sidoarjo Regency which has the potential of for mollusk resources in the form of sea snails. Catching mollusks continuously can cause the threat of decreasing the population of mollusks in the waters. This study aims to determine the variability of the gastropods population structure in Sedati waters, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. This study uses an observation method with analysis statistic of variance. Gastropods identification was done by measuring length and weight, and looking at morphological characteristics. The result are gastropods found and dominant in Sedati waters in October to December are Natica vitellus, Notocochlis tigrina, Babylonia spirata, Turricula javana, Cryptospira ventricosa, Murex trapa, Rapana venosa, Nassarius olivaceus and Nassarius stolatus. Gastropod density and biomass values at station C is were greater than station A and B, with the highest values in December. The highest average value of gastropods biomass was 0.78 ton/km2 and the highest average gastropods density was 5 ind/10m2, namely in December at station C. The distribution of gastropods in Sedati waters was influenced by environmental such as substrate conditions, water quality and oceanographic, as well as fishing activities by fishermen.
The effect of pH and incubation time on rude protease enzymes activity of Bacillus mycoides from anchovy isolates (Stolephorus sp.)
Authors: Nirmala D , Yudha P , Cahyanto D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Proteases are several enzymes that are in important positions in the enzyme industry. eyebrow hydrolysis of peptide bonds on protein. Bacillus mycoides bacteria can grow in Nutrient Broth medium, these bacteria are included in facultative anaerobic bacteria. Bacillus mycoides are resistant to penicillin, positive to form Beta-hemolysis, positively catalyze hydrogen without oxidase, positively reduce nitrates and reduce methylene This study aims to determine the effect of pH and time on the protease enzyme activity of Bacillus mycoides from salted anchovy isolates. This research was conducted using a descriptive method with the treatment of pH concentration which has 5 levels, namely pH 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 which are grouped based on the incubation time which has 4 levels, namely 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours and each was repeated 2 times. The results showed that pH and time affected the protease enzyme activity of Bacillus mycoides from salted anchovy isolate. Different pH treatments gave significantly different effects (F count> F5%) and the optimum activity was obtained at pH 5 of 5.243 U/ml. The different incubation time treatments had a significantly different effect (F count> F5%) and the optimum activity at 24 hours was 5.154 U/ml.
Beardless barb Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842) (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae): Distribution extension and first record from South Bali
Authors: Hasan V , Wijayanti A , Tamam M B , Islamy R A , Widodo M S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Beardless Barb Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842) is a species known from Indonesia, including Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Madura. This paper provides the first record of C. apogon in the Nyanyi River, one of the major rivers in South Bali, thereby extending the species distribution up to 100 km east from the earlier record. The specimens of C. apogon were characterized as follows: dorsal fin rays 12; anal fin rays 8–9; pectoral fin rays 17–18; lateral line scales 34–35. A description of detailed morfological characters of a specimen are provided.
Enhancement in synthesis of citronellyl laurate flavour by combined effect of ultrasound and immobilized lipase as heterogeneous biocatalyst
Authors: Moentamaria D , Rulianah S , Chumaidi A , Bilghis A R R , Romadoni R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to improve the performance of heterogeneous biocatalysts by using the combination of immobilized and ultrasonic lipases in the esterification reaction for the synthesis of citronellyl lauric flavors. Synthesis was conducted out through the reaction of citronellol with lauric acid by using immobilized lipase and ultrasonic. The results showed that immobilized lipase provided stability for up to 9 weeks and could be reused for 5 cycles of reactions. Immobilized lipase 473 U / gram was applied to the synthesis of citronellyl laurate with a reaction time of 90 minutes, 450C, with and without ultrasonic. The result of citronellol conversion with ultrasonic is 3.6 x higher than conventional methode. It shows that the immobilization method provided stability to the biocatalyst, but because it had a limited internal mass transfer so the rate of reaction of ester formation reduced. On the other hand, ultrasonic contributed to increase the dispersion and collision of substrate molecules, reducing reaction time, and intensifying catalytic processes. Thus, the combination of immobilized enzyme and ultrasonic methods can be applied to biochemical processes widely.
Modeling and simulation of CO2 gas desorption process in promoted MDEA solution using packed column
Authors: Ariani A , Chalim A , Hardjono H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas at atmospheric pressure will tend to freeze, because of low temperature (-78°C), this results in frequent blockages in the piping section. In the process of synthesis of ammonia in the industry in the presence of a catalyst, CO2 gas will be toxic because it can cover the active-side of the catalyst. The process of CO2 gas absorption that is often used is reactive absorption using promoted solvent. The most commonly used solvent is a tertiary amine alkanol solution, one of which is a solution of Methyldiethanolamin (MDEA) using a piperazine catalyst. The output solution from the absorption of CO2 gas is processed by desorption to regenerate the solvent. CO2 gas desorption process is needed to save the use of solvents and catalysts. The purpose of this research is to do modeling and simulation on the process of desorption of CO2 gas from a promote MDEA solution using a packed column. Modeling assisted software media with a rate-based model approach using numerical equations with the completion of Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) - 45. The data obtained was simulated and validated by comparing experimental data. The research parameters are the temperature of the input solution desorber, type and concentration of catalyst. Increasing the temperature of the solution and the concentration of the catalyst will increase the percent removal of CO2. This is caused by the effect of the temperature of the solution on the value of the reaction rate constant, and the type of catalyst influences the catalyst reactivity level of CO2 gas. The results of simulation data validation with experimental data show the average deviation of 22.05%, 14.24% and 7.85%.
Biodegradable foam tray based on sago starch with beeswax as coating agent
Authors: Hendrawati N , Wibowo A A , Chrisnandari R D , Adawiyah R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biodegradable foam is an original packaging as a styrofoam alternative. Sago starch is used to produce biodegradable foam because of its huge amount, low-cost, and high biodegradability. Starch as a prospectus foam material is sensitive to water due to its hydrophilic properties. Thus, improvement is necessary to boost its water resistance capability. Coating the foam with a hydrophobic material prevents water contact with the starch. In this work, Beeswax was used as a coating agent due to its hydrophobicity. The purpose of this work to determine the concentration and time of beeswax coating on the mechanical properties of biodegradable foam. Beeswax was varied at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% wt concentration with coating duration process for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 seconds. Biodegradable foam was produced by baking process at 80°C for 1 hour 20 minutes. The results showed that the beeswax coating process increases the water resistance, although it does not significantly affect the tensile strength. Beeswax addition as much as 4% wt. for 150 seconds had improved the biodegradable foam properties as much as 1.92%, 73% in 28 days, and 0.09 MPa for water absorption capability, biodegradability, and tensile strength, respectively.