bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Visible: Bioinspired Infrared Adaptive Materials
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Zhang Xinfang , Zhang Xuan , Wang Ling , Feng Wei , Li Quan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInfrared (IR) adaptation phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and biological systems. Taking inspiration from natural creatures, researchers have devoted extensive efforts for developing advanced IR adaptive materials and exploring their applications in areas of smart camouflage, thermal energy management, biomedical science, and many other IR‐related technological fields. Herein, an up‐to‐date review is provided on the recent advancements of bioinspired IR adaptive materials and their promising applications. First an overview of IR adaptation in nature and advanced artificial IR technologies is presented. Recent endeavors are then introduced toward developing bioinspired adaptive materials for IR camouflage and IR radiative cooling. According to the Stefan‐Boltzmann law, IR camouflage can be realized by either emissivity engineering or thermal cloaks. IR radiative cooling can maximize the thermal radiation of an object through an IR atmospheric transparency window, and thus holds great potential for use in energy‐efficient green buildings and smart personal thermal management systems. Recent advances in bioinspired adaptive materials for emerging near‐IR (NIR) applications are also discussed, including NIR‐triggered biological technologies, NIR light‐fueled soft robotics, and NIR light‐driven supramolecular nanosystems. This review concludes with a perspective on the challenges and opportunities for the future development of bioinspired IR adaptive materials.
PRMT5 Enables Robust STAT3 Activation via Arginine Symmetric Dimethylation of SMAD7
Authors: Cai Congcong , Gu Shuchen , Yu Yi , Zhu Yezhang , Zhang HanChenxi , Yuan Bo , Shen Li , Yang Bing , Feng Xin‐Hua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the mono‐ and symmetrical dimethylation of protein substrates at the arginine residues. Emerging evidence reveals that PRMT5 is involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and cancer development. However, the exact role of PRMT5 in human lung cancer cell proliferation and the underlying molecular mechanism remain largely elusive. Here, it is shown that PRMT5 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through the Smad7‐STAT3 axis. Depletion or inhibition of PRMT5 dramatically dampens STAT3 activation and thus suppresses the proliferation of human lung cancer cells. Furthermore, depletion of Smad7 blocks PRMT5‐mediated STAT3 activation. Mechanistically, PRMT5 binds to and methylates Smad7 on Arg‐57, enhances Smad7 binding to IL‐6 co‐receptor gp130, and consequently ensures robust STAT3 activation. The findings position PRMT5 as a critical regulator of STAT3 activation, and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human lung cancer.
Tuning Sodium Occupancy Sites in P2‐Layered Cathode Material for Enhancing Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Wang Qin‐Chao , Shadike Zulipiya , Li Xun‐Lu , Bao Jian , Qiu Qi‐Qi , Hu Enyuan , Bak Seong‐Min , Xiao Xianghui , Ma Lu , Wu Xiao‐Jing , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Zhou Yong‐Ning 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferent sodium occupancy sites in P2‐layered cathode materials can reorganize Na‐ion distribution and modify the Na+/vacancy superstructure, which have a vital impact on the Na‐ion transport and Na storage behavior during charge and discharge processes, but have not been investigated specifically and are not yet well understood. Herein, the occupancy ratio of two different Na sites (sites below transition metal ions and sites below oxygen ions along the c direction) in P2‐Na0.67[Mn0.66Ni0.33]O2 cathode is tuned successfully by inducing Sb5+ ions with strong repulsion toward Na sites right below transition metals. It is found that the decrease of Na occupancy right below transition metal ions is beneficial to the electrochemical performance of P2‐layered cathode materials, regarding cycle stability and rate capability. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the reversible Mn3.3+/Mn4+ and Ni2+/Ni3+ redox couples provide charge compensation in different voltage regions of 1.8–2.3 and 2.3–4.2 V, respectively. The transmission X‐ray microscopy confirms the uniform redox reaction over the whole electrode particle. In addition, Sb substitution can suppress the “P2‐O2” phase transition in high voltage region by preventing oxygen gliding in a–b planes, thus ensuring robust structure stability during cycling.
Irrigation well water: Essential nutrient contents and other properties
Authors: Wortmann Charles S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWater nutrient concentrations and other properties were surveyed by sampling water from 642 irrigation wells in Nebraska. The amount of Ca, Mg, S, and Cl applied in irrigation exceeds removal in 15 Mg ha−1 of corn (Zea mays L.) grain harvest for most wells. Irrigation supply exceeded corn grain harvest removal of K, B, Mn, and Mo for >20% of the wells. The supply of P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mo was generally very low but sufficient with some wells to be considered in nutrient management plans. The median level of nitrate N was 4.4 mg kg–1 with 25% of the wells having >10 mg kg–1 NO3–N, which is above the suitability limit for human consumption. The agricultural lime equivalent applied with 1 or 2 Ml of irrigation was enough to neutralize the acidifying effect of 200 kg ha−1 of fertilizer N for 70 or 89% of the wells. Nutrient and lime supply was relatively low for Sandhills wells and relatively high for wells in river valleys of <30.5 m (100 ft) depth. No wells had excessive Na levels but 0.3% of the wells had high salinity levels. A grouping of wells into 11 aquifer–geology–depth categories accounted for >20% of the variation for most water properties but much variation occurred within categories. Sampling of the well water is needed for optimized nutrient and soil management. Information on nutrients supplied through irrigation should be complemented by regular soil testing and the use of recommended nutrient management guidelines.
Treatment of intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto Michinori , Yanaga Katsuhiko , Shiba Hiroaki , Wakiyama Shigeki , Sakamoto Taro , Futagawa Yasuro , Gocho Takeshi , Ishida Yuichi , Ikegami Toru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic factors after treatment for intrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (RHCC) after hepatic resection (Hx) are controversial. The current study aimed to examine the impact of treatment modality on the prognosis of intrahepatic RHCC following Hx.MethodsFor control of variables, the subjects were 56 patients who underwent treatment for intrahepatic RHCC, three or fewer tumors, each measuring ≤3 cm in diameter without macroscopic vascular invasion (MVI), between 2000 and 2011. Retreatment consisted of repeat Hx (n = 23), local ablation therapy (n = 11) and transarterial chemoembolization or transcatheter arterial infusion (TACE/TAI) (n = 22). We retrospectively investigated the relation between type of treatment for RHCC and overall survival (OS) as well as disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsIn multivariate (MV) analysis, the poor prognostic factors in DFS after retreatment consisted of disease‐free interval (DFI) (≤1.5 y) (P = .011), type of retreatment (TACE/TAI) (P = .002), age (<65 y old) (P = .0022), perioperative RBC transfusion (P = .025), while those in OS after retreatment were DFI (≤1.5 y) (P < .0001). In evaluation of stratification for type of retreatment, DFS in the repeat Hx group was significantly better than those in the local ablation therapy group or the TACE/TAI group (P = .023 or P < .0001, respectively).ConclusionsDFI (≤1.5 y) was an independent poor prognostic factor in both DFS and OS, and repeat Hx for intrahepatic RHCC, few in number and size without MVI, seems to achieve the most reliable local control.
The transcriptome‐wide landscape of molecular subtype‐specific mRNA expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mou Tian , Pawitan Yudi , Stahl Matthias , Vesterlund Mattias , Deng Wenjiang , Jafari Rozbeh , Bohlin Anna , Österroos Albin , Siavelis Loannis , Bäckvall Helena , Erkers Tom , Kiviluoto Santeri , Seashore‐Ludlow Brinton , Östling Päivi , Orre Lukas M. , Kallioniemi Olli , Lehmann Sören , Lehtiö Janne , Vu Trung Nghia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolecular classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) aids prognostic stratification and clinical management. Our aim in this study is to identify transcriptome‐wide mRNAs that are specific to each of the molecular subtypes of AML. We analyzed RNA‐sequencing data of 955 AML samples from three cohorts, including the BeatAML project, the Cancer Genome Atlas, and a cohort of Swedish patients to provide a comprehensive transcriptome‐wide view of subtype‐specific mRNA expression. We identified 729 subtype‐specific mRNAs, discovered in the BeatAML project and validated in the other two cohorts. Using unique proteomics data, we also validated the presence of subtype‐specific mRNAs at the protein level, yielding a rich collection of potential protein‐based biomarkers for the AML community. To enable the exploration of subtype‐specific mRNA expression by the broader scientific community, we provide an interactive resource to the public.
Metallated Graphynes as a New Class of Photofunctional 2D Organometallic Nanosheets
Authors: Xu Linli , Sun Jibin , Tang Tianhong , Zhang Hongyang , Sun Mingzi , Zhang Jianqi , Li Jiahua , Huang Bolong , Wang Zhengping , Xie Zheng , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are attracting much attention due to their excellent electronic and optical properties. Here, we report the first experimental preparation of two free‐standing mercurated graphyne nanosheets via the interface‐assisted bottom‐up method, which integrates both the advantages of metal center and graphyne. The continuous large‐area nanosheets derived from the chemical growth show the layered molecular structural arrangement, controllable thickness and enhanced π‐conjugation, which result in their stable and outstanding broadband nonlinear saturable absorption (SA) properties (at both 532 and 1064 nm). The passively Q‐switched (PQS) performances of these two nanosheets as the saturable absorbers are comparable to or higher than those of the state‐of‐the‐art 2D nanomaterials (such as graphene, black phosphorus, MoS2, γ‐graphyne, etc.). Our results illustrate that the two metallated graphynes could act not only as a new class of 2D carbon‐rich materials, but also as inexpensive and easily available optoelectronic materials for device fabrication.
Near‐Infrared Nanophosphor Embedded in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle with High Light‐Harvesting Efficiency for Dual Photosystem Enhancement
Authors: Huang Wen‐Tse , Su Ting‐Yi , Chan Ming‐Hsien , Tsai Jia‐You , Do Yi‐Yin , Huang Pung‐Ling , Hsiao Michael , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLight‐harvesting and conversion ability is important to promote plant growth, and especially when resources are limited. A near‐infrared (NIR) nanophosphor embedded with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), ZnGa2O4:Cr3+,Sn4+(ZGOCS), was developed and its optical properties were harnessed to enhance the photosynthetic ability ofBrassica rapa spp. chinensis. The broad excitation of ZGOCS from the ultraviolet to the visible region allowed the conversion of extra light into near‐infrared light (650–800 nm) and thus promoted the dual photosystem via the Emerson effect. ZGOCS@MSN was spherical with a size of 65±10 nm and good dispersion. A light conversion ability of up to 75 % under different wavelengths was achieved. Moreover, the electron transfer rate of photosynthesis increased by 100 % with a suitable ZGOCS@MSN concentration. Plant and animal models were used to explore the effects of the nanophosphor. ZGOCS@MSN distribution was tracked by monitoring its NIR emission in plant and animal tissues, demonstrating that this nanophosphor can be potentially utilized in plant growth.
Crystal Structures and Catalytic Mechanism of l‐erythro‐3,5‐Diaminohexanoate Dehydrogenase and Rational Engineering for Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Liu Na , Wu Lian , Feng Jinhui , Sheng Xiang , Li Jian , Chen Xi , Li Jianjiong , Liu Weidong , Zhou Jiahai , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmino acid dehydrogenases (AADHs) have shown considerable potential as biocatalysts in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids. However, compared to the widely studied α‐AADHs, limited knowledge is available about β‐AADHs that enable the synthesis of β‐amino acids. Herein, we report the crystal structures of a l‐erythro‐3,5‐diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase and its variants, the only known member of β‐AADH family. Crystal structure analysis, site‐directed mutagenesis studies and quantum chemical calculations revealed the differences in the substrate binding and catalytic mechanism from α‐AADHs. A number of rationally engineered variants were then obtained with improved activity (by 110–800 times) toward various aliphatic β‐amino acids without an enantioselectivity trade‐off. Two β‐amino acids were prepared by using the outstanding variants with excellent enantioselectivity (>99 % ee) and high isolated yields (86–87 %). These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of 3,5‐DAHDH, and establish a solid foundation for further design of β‐AADHs for the asymmetric synthesis of β‐amino acids.
Spherulite‐Like Micelles
Authors: Song Shaofei , Zhou Hang , Ye Shuyang , Tam Jason , Howe Jane Y. , Manners Ian , Winnik Mitchell A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) and 2D structures by crystallization‐driven self‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) can form fascinating hierarchical structures through secondary self‐assembly. But examples of 3D structures formed via hierarchical self‐assembly are rare. Here we report seeded growth experiments in decane of a poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) BCP with an amphiphilic corona forming block in which lenticular platelets grow into classic spherulite‐like uniform colloidally stable structures. These 3D objects are spherically symmetric on the exterior, but asymmetric near the core, where there is a more open structure consisting of sheaf‐like leaves. The most remarkable aspect of these experiments is that growth stops at different stages of growth process, depending upon how much unimer is added in the seeded growth step. The system provides a model for studying spherulitic growth where real‐time observations on their growth at different stages remains challenging.
Übergangsmetallfreie Synthese polyfunktioneller Triarylmethane und 1,1‐Diarylalkane durch sequentielle Kreuzkupplungen von Benzaldiacetaten mit Organozinkreagenzien
Authors: Wei Baosheng , Ren Qianyi , Bein Thomas , Knochel Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEine Vielzahl funktionalisierter Triarylmethane und 1,1‐Diarylalkanderivate wurde mithilfe übergangsmetallfreier, Ein‐Topf‐ oder Zwei‐Schritt‐Verfahren durch Reaktionen verschiedener Benzaldiacetate mit Organozinkreagenzien hergestellt. Eine sequentielle Kreuzkupplung ist durch einen Wechsel des Lösungsmittels von THF auf Toluol möglich. Ein zweitstufiger SN1‐artiger Mechanismus wurde vorgeschlagen und mittels experimenteller Studien bewiesen. Die Möglichkeiten dieser Methodik wurde anhand der Synthese verschiedener biologisch relevanter Moleküle wie einem Anti‐Tuberkulose‐Wirkstoff, einem Anti‐Brustkrebs‐Wirkstoff, einer Vorstufe eines Sphingosin‐1‐phosphat (S1P)‐Rezeptor‐Modulators und eines FLAP‐Inhibitors aufgezeigt.
Dynamic characteristics of deposit fracture and impacts of operating pressure during sootblowing in the radiant syngas cooler
Authors: Shao Lintao , Bai Yunbo , Yang Weijuan , Zhang Jiashuo , Du Changzong , Zhou Zhijun , Zhou Junhu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the operation of entrained‐flow gasifiers, the ash deposits located on the wall tubes in the radiant syngas coolers (RSC) reduce the heat transfer efficiency. Syngas sootblowing is an effective method to remove the slag deposits in the RSC. In this study, a 3D numerical model was developed by combining the cohesive zone method (CZM) and the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian analysis to investigate the deposit fracture process in RSC during sootblowing. The quasi‐static analysis using ABAQUS obtained the stress–strain curve of the slag sample, which agreed well with the experimental tests and provided the detailed mechanical parameters to the CZM model. The dynamic characteristics of deposit fracture were discovered. The main fracture occurred between 1.0 and 1.5 ms, and the shape of the fracture area was not round but elliptical. The RSC operating pressure (P) was also investigated. The study found that higher pressure led to lower fracture speed, longer sootblowing time, and more syngas consumption. Based on the same extent of deposit fracture, syngas consumption increased when P < 3.5 MPa, and the density of syngas (ρsyngas) has a more significant influence on the syngas consumption than the velocity of sootblowing syngas flow (vavg), especially when the sootblowing time is small.
Recent advances in membrane hydrophilic modification with plant polyphenol‐inspired coatings for enhanced oily emulsion separation
Authors: Huang Zhaohe , Yin Shumeng , Zhang Jianzhong , Zhang Na 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOily wastewater, especially the emulsified one, causes serious environment pollution and poses threats to the ecosystem and resource recycling. Among various filtration media, porous polymeric membranes have gained tremendous attention in dealing with oily emulsions due to their energy‐saving, cost‐effective, and highly efficient features. However, to alleviate membrane fouling by oil droplets and ensure high separation efficiency, endowing membrane with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity via facile strategy is highly desired. Taking advantages of the mild forming conditions, universality and cost‐efficiency, more and more efforts have been devoted to membrane hydrophilic modification by plant polyphenol‐inspired coatings in recent years. In this review, we focus on recent advances in constructing plant polyphenol‐involved coatings on membrane surface for oil‐in‐water emulsion separation. The interactions between plant polyphenol and functional materials including amino‐functionalized materials, transition metal ions and oxidants via covalent chemistry, coordination chemistry, and rapid oxidation are highlighted. In addition, the impacts of the resultant coating on the wettability, oily emulsion separation performance, and anti‐oil fouling performance of the modified membrane are systematically summarized. Finally, future outlooks in membrane surface engineering with plant polyphenol‐involved coatings are discussed to further broaden the research related to high‐efficiency oil/water separation based on membrane technology.
Factors Influencing Scientific Achievements of Medical Students in the Anatomy Research Group: An Analysis From the Autonomous University of Nuevo León in Mexico
Authors: Muñoz‐Leija Milton Alberto , Barrera Francisco J. , Zárate‐Garza Pablo Patricio , Quiroga‐Garza Alejandro , Martínez‐Garza Javier Humberto , de la Fuente‐Villarreal David , Guzmán‐López Santos , Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo Enrique 
Published: February 2021

Scientific research and student involvement are critical to the formation of physicians, yet the number of medical researchers has decreased over time. To implement corrective strategies, the variables associated with positive research attitudes and productivity among medical students must be identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variables associated with students interested or involved in research. A validated questionnaire was applied to the student members of an established anatomy research group in a Mexican medical school with a six‐year medical program. Data were collected and analyzed. A total of 85.5% (n = 77/90) students answered the survey with most respondents being second‐year medical students. The majority of respondents indicated that the important component of conducting research was a contribution to the new knowledge (45.5%) and to the scientific community (42.9%). More than half of respondents mentioned a professor or a peer as the initial motivation to become involved in research. Lack of time was the main limitation (59.7%) to research involvement. Perceived benefits were knowledge and team work skills. Of those involved, most (85.7%) wished to continue participating in research as a complement to their clinical work. Professors and student colleagues were found to play an important motivational and recruitment role for medical research. These efforts in turn have developed into long‐lasting mentor‐mentee relationships. Students also anticipated that early involvement in research will positively influence the likelihood of future physicians' contribution and collaboration in research.
Effects of low temperature on blood‐to‐plasma ratio measurement
Authors: Novak Jonathan J. , Burchett Woodrow , Di Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe blood‐to‐plasma ratio (Rb) is an important property of drug candidates. Rb is applied widely in drug discovery to convert plasma pharmacokinetic parameters to the respective parameters in blood and to develop in vitro–in vivo correlations. Some compounds such as prodrugs, soft drugs, and peptide mimetics are unstable in blood, making accurate in vitro Rb measurement challenging, but necessary. Low temperature often reduces the rate of enzymatic and chemical reactions and increases the stability of labile compounds in biomatrices. In this study, the effects of 4°C on Rb measurement were evaluated using a set of structurally diverse compounds with various binding and red blood cell (RBC) transport mechanisms. The results indicate that a 4°C Rb method provides comparable Rb values to the 37°C method for most compounds and can therefore be applied to measure the Rb of unstable compounds in drug discovery. In some rare cases, when compounds have a high affinity to specific RBC components (e.g., carbonic anhydrase), the 4°C method may underestimate Rb. In these specific cases, the use of appropriate inhibitors to stabilize unstable compounds is recommended.
Transcription factors regulate early T cell development via redeployment of other factors
Authors: Hosokawa Hiroyuki , Masuhara Kaori , Koizumi Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEstablishment of cell lineage identity from multipotent progenitors is controlled by cooperative actions of lineage‐specific and stably expressed transcription factors, combined with input from environmental signals. Lineage‐specific master transcription factors activate and repress gene expression by recruiting consistently expressed transcription factors and chromatin modifiers to their target loci. Recent technical advances in genome‐wide and multi‐omics analysis have shed light on unexpected mechanisms that underlie more complicated actions of transcription factors in cell fate decisions. In this review, we discuss functional dynamics of stably expressed and continuously required factors, Notch and Runx family members, throughout developmental stages of early T cell development in the thymus. Pre‐ and post‐commitment stage‐specific transcription factors induce dynamic redeployment of Notch and Runx binding genomic regions. Thus, together with stage‐specific transcription factors, shared transcription factors across distinct developmental stages regulate acquisition of T lineage identity.