bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nobiletin inhibits colitis‐associated colon carcinogenesis in mice (121.6)
Authors: Wu Xian , Song Mingyue , Zheng Jinkai , Xiao Hang 
Published: June 2021

Nobiletin is a major citrus flavonoid that has shown various health benefits. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effects of nobiletin on colitis‐associated colon carcinogenesis in azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium ‐treated mice. The results showed that oral administration of nobiletin significantly decreased colon tumor incidence by 42% and reduced colon tumor size by 37%. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that nobiletin had significant anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects in the colonic tumors. ELISA results showed that nobiletin significantly suppressed the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐ α in colonic tissues by 92%, 69% and 51%, respectively. HPLC analysis indicated that oral administration of nobiletin resulted in high levels of metabolites, i.e. 3'‐demethylnobiletin, 4'‐demethylnobiletin, and 3', 4'‐didemethylnobiletin in the colonic tissues. In contrast, the levels of nobiletin in the colon was 5‐10‐fold lower. Cell culture study showed that the three metabolites had much stronger anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects on human colon cancer cells than nobiletin. Overall, our results demonstrated that oral administration of nobiletin significantly inhibited colitis‐associated colon carcinogenesis in mice and these effects can be attributed to the colonic metabolites of nobiletin that had potent anti‐carcinogenic effects in the colon.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH, AICR and USDA
Combination ketogenic diet, ketone supplementation, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy inhibits metastatic spread, slows tumor growth, and increases survival time in mice with metastatic cancer (123.7)
Authors: Poff Angela , Ward Nathan , Seyfried Thomas , D'Agostino Dominic 
Published: June 2021

Cancers express an energy metabolism characterized by fermentation in the presence of oxygen (Warburg Effect). Mitochondrial dysfunction forces most cancers to require excess glucose for energy and prevents effective ketone metabolism. Abnormal vasculature creates hypoxia which promotes growth and metastasis by activating HIF‐1, further stimulating glycolysis and enhancing the Warburg Effect. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low carbohydrate diet that lowers glucose and elevates ketones and slows cancer progression in vivo. Ketones possess inherent anti‐cancer properties, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and viability in vitro and prolonging survival in vivo. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) increases oxygenation of the tumor, reversing the cancer promoting effects of hypoxia. We have previously shown that KD + HBOT and ketone supplementation slows cancer progression as stand‐alone therapies. We hypothesized that combining these therapies would be a more effective treatment regimen. We tested this combination therapy in the VM‐M3 mouse model of metastatic cancer. Treated mice exhibited decreased tumor growth and metastatic spread to the lungs, kidneys, spleen, adipose, and liver (p<0.05). Treated mice lived 103% longer than controls (p<001). This study suggests that this combination therapy should be further investigated for potential clinical use.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Office of Naval Research and a charitable donation from Scivation Inc.
A school‐based intervention’s influence on food knowledge, food preference and gross motor skills among preschoolers (252.5)
Authors: Fitzgerald Nurgul , Mueller Carolina , Willems Cynthia , Zhang Youjie 
Published: June 2021

Food intake and physical activity are important factors in obesity prevention. Snack foods provide more than 27% of daily energy intake among children, and gross motor skills during preschool years has been linked to physical activity levels in later years. This study examined the impact of a school‐based intervention (All 4 Kids©) on snack food recognition, food preference, and gross motor skills among preschool age children from minority and low‐income families in New Brunswick, NJ. Forty‐five children (3‐5yr; 20 boys and 25 girls; 32 Hispanic, 11 Black, 2 mixed race/ethnicity) participated in the 24‐lesson intervention (implemented 3 times per week). The 30‐45 minute lessons included age‐appropriate songs, dances and games. Weekly information packets were sent to families, and 3 family events were held at the preschool. Pre‐ and post‐program scores were summed for identifying 18 snack foods, identifying the 9 healthy options, and for stated preference for eating the healthy foods. A gross motor skill scale was calculated based on the measured skills. Pre vs. post differences were analyzed using paired samples t‐ and McNemar tests. After (versus before) the program, mean sum scores significantly increased for identifying foods, identifying healthy foods, and for preference for healthy foods (10.6 vs. 14.3, 4.4. vs. 6.6, and 3.2 vs. 4.9, respectively; p<.0001). Mean gross motor skill scale was significantly higher after the program (20.4 vs. 25.3 p<.0001; possible range: 0‐36). The program was perceived positively by the school and families and was sustained as a part of the school curriculum. The results suggest that the program was effective, and similar approaches can be sustained for a school‐wide influence on lifestyle behaviors among children.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA Award No. 2010‐85215‐20662
Atwater factors overestimate the calorie content of walnuts (371.1)
Authors: Baer David , Gebauer Sarah , Novotny Janet 
Published: June 2021

Walnuts are a good source of magnesium, a shortfall nutrient, and contain a significant source of alpha‐linolenic acid. Their unique fatty acid profile likely contributes to their beneficial effect on cardiovascular health, with walnuts being the first whole food for which the US FDA permitted a qualified health claim. These health benefits make walnuts an important part of a healthful dietary pattern; however, their perceived high energy density may be a barrier to consumption. Recent research has shown that Atwater calculations overestimate the energy content of other tree nuts by 5‐20%; however accuracy of the Atwater estimated energy content of walnuts has not been investigated. A RCT was conducted in which 18 subjects were fed 2 diets, a base diet (0 g/d walnuts) and the base diet with all foods reduced and 42 g/d of walnut pieces added. After adaptation to both diets, subjects collected all urine and feces voided for 7 to 10 d at the end of each 3‐wk diet period. These samples and diets were freeze dried and gross energy was measured by bomb calorimetry. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of walnuts was found to be 5.22 kcal/g (146 kcal/serv) as compared to the Atwater‐calculated amount of 6.61 kcal/g (185 kcal/serv). Thus, Atwater factors overestimate by 21% the ME content of walnuts. These data will better inform consumers about the energy content of their foods.Grant Funding Source: USDA and California Walnut Commission
Associations between parental feeding practices and BMI in middle childhood: the role of children's inhibitory control (379.5)
Authors: Sutter Carolyn , Ontai Lenna , Scherr Rachel , Linnell Jessica , Nicholson Yvonne , Spezzano Theresa , Zidenberg‐Cherr Sheri 
Published: June 2021

Parent feeding practices are key to development of dietary habits and childhood obesity, but the role of child characteristics in this association is less clear. Recently, children’s inhibitory control (IC) has been related to eating habits and weight. The objective of the current study was to examine associations between parent feeding practices, IC, and BMI percentile with 267 fourth grade students and their parents. It was hypothesized that IC would moderate associations between parent feeding practices and BMI. Parent feeding practices were collected with the Child Feeding Questionnaire (Birch et al., 2001) (Restriction, Pressure to Eat, and Monitoring). IC was collected with the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (Rothbart et al., 2001). BMI percentile was calculated from height and weight, adjusted for age and gender. OLS multiple regression results suggest a significant interaction between Pressure to Eat and IC as predictors of BMI percentile (β=3.23, p<.05). Simple slopes analyses indicate Pressure to Eat is related to lower BMI percentile only for children low in IC. Findings suggest that using pressure to influence a child’s eating habits may be beneficial if the child’s low IC interferes with their own ability to regulate their diet.Grant Funding Source: Supported by UCANR and USDA 2011‐38420‐20082
Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces high‐fat diet‐induced insulin resistance by altering adipose tissue glycolytic and inflammatory function (383.8)
Authors: LeMieux Monique , Nishan S Kalupahana Nishan , Aljawadi Arwa , Pahlavani Mandana , Claycombe Kate , Moustaid‐Moussa Naima 
Published: June 2021

We previously reported Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)'s ability to prevent high‐fat (HF) diet‐induced obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. In this study, we dissected mechanisms mediating anti‐inflammatory and anti‐lipogenic actions of EPA, using histology/ immunohistochemistry, transcriptomic and energetic analyses of adipose tissues from HF and HF‐EPA fed mice, or 3T3‐L1 adipocytes treated with or without EPA. Microarray and real time PCR analyses of adipose tissue from these mice showed that EPA decreased expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, adipogenesis and glucose metabolism (namely Fasn, Srebf1, Cebpa, Ncoa2, and Axin1). Preliminary extracellular flux studies indicate changes in glycolysis in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes treated with EPA, compared to those treated with palmitic acid (PA) alone or with EPA. These results are consistent with increased fatty acid oxidation‐related metabolites in gonadal fat after EPA supplementation. Histology and immunohistochemistry results showed a significantly lower mean adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration in mice fed a HF‐EPA diet vs. HF, indicating that EPA prevented HF‐diet induced adipocyte inflammation and hypertrophy. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that EPA ameliorates glucose homeostasis at least in part by reducing adipose tissue inflammation, glycolysis and lipid accumulation.Grant Funding Source: USDA, AHA and TTU (COHS and OVPR)
Contribution of sandwiches to USDA food patterns components, What We Eat In America, NHANES 2009‐2010 (393.5)
Authors: Hoy M , Sebastian Rhonda , Enns Cecilia , Goldman Joseph , Moshfegh Alanna 
Published: June 2021

Consumption of sandwiches is commonplace in the American diet, but little is known about how they contribute to overall intake of recommended food groups. To describe the contribution of sandwich intake to the USDA Food Patterns (FP) components, one day of dietary intake from individuals age 1+ year (N= 9,317) in What We Eat In America, NHANES 2009‐2010 was analyzed using the Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) 2009‐10. The FPED separates foods and beverages in the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 5.0 into 9 FP main components and 28 subcomponents. On a given day, 49% of individuals age 1+ year reported consuming a sandwich (M: 54%; F: 44%). Sandwiches provided 12% of the energy intake of the population, and contributed substantially to total intake of Protein Foods (23%), Grains (20%), Dairy (12%), and Vegetables (8%). In addition, sandwiches provided 15% each of Oils and Solid Fats. Analysis of FP subcomponents showed that sandwiches accounted for 60% of Cured Meat and 28% of Meat, Poultry, Seafood intakes overall and 29% of Cheese intake. They contributed 17% to Whole Grains and 20% to Refined Grains intakes. Sandwiches also provided 14% of the intake of Tomatoes and 13% of Other Vegetables (such as iceberg lettuce, onions, cucumbers, and peppers). These results can inform nutrition education initiatives and consumer messages aimed at promoting adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service
Development of a standard methodology for assessing the satiating effect of foods (47.1)
Authors: Raatz Susan , Vickers Zata , Strubeck Eric , Johnson LuAnn 
Published: June 2021

No standard methodology is currently utilized for assessing the relative satiating value of food items. Our goal was to evaluate the validity and reliability of satiety responses in order to develop a standardized methodology for determining the relative satiating capacity of specific food items. A pilot study evaluating the repeatability and correlation of subjective visual analog scale (VAS) responses of hunger and fullness to objective measures of satiety was completed in healthy men and women (n=10). Participants repeated 3 identical testing sessions separated by 蠅1 wk. After a 10 hour fast, time 0 assessments were obtained, followed by consumption of a mixed macro‐nutrient food (340 kcal); additional VAS and blood samples for insulin, glucose and ghrelin were obtained at 30 minute intervals through 240 min. Total areas under the curve (tAUC) for all responses were determined. Reliability of the model was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Mixed‐model analysis of variance was used to estimate the within‐subject correlation of hunger and fullness responses to glucose, insulin and ghrelin concentrations across all time points. For all measures, ICC was > 0.5 (p蠄 .05). Within subject responses of hunger and fullness, respectively, were correlated to ghrelin, insulin, and glucose. Our data suggest that the model developed for assessing the satiating value of foods is valid and repeatable.Grant Funding Source: USDA, ARS 5450‐51000‐049‐00D
Evolution of a cross‐institutional asynchronous online 500 level college histology course with interactive lectures and virtual lab component (530.1)
Authors: Ogilvie Robert , Sawyer Roger , Greenwold Matthew , Bao Weier , Thompson Jordan 
Published: June 2021

Prior to Spring Semester 2011, the University of South Carolina Biological Sciences curriculum offered only a face‐to‐face histology course where students were required to attend lectures and labs utilizing the microscope. Laboratory space and equipment limited enrollment in the face‐to‐face class which never exceeded 50 consisting mainly of pre‐medical and pre‐dental students. In Spring, 2011, for the first time, we offered a fully online histology course in which all lectures, labs, quizzes and exams were online with no face‐to‐face meetings. Enrollment jumped to 121 in that first semester to include students from more than ten curricular programs across the institution such as anthropology, biochemistry, biomedical sciences and experimental psychology. We now have eight semesters of experience with the course that includes nearly 800 undergraduate, graduate and special certificate program students having completed the course successfully. Lectures have evolved to include SCORM grading of quizzes at the end of each lecture permitting the assignment of viewing lectures as course activity. For the virtual labs, a web based virtual microscopy program is used that contains a collection of over 100 annotated specimens, including two forms of self‐assessment. Recently, we have implemented Biolucida Cloud (MBFbioscience.com) allowing the inclusion of virtual slides in practical exams as unknowns and delivered in random order integrated with Blackboard. Exams have evolved from two attempts with feedback to one attempt with no feedback except the score. Included will be the impact of midterm and final exam construction and administration changes on final grade distribution. The online histology course is now offered year around and remains very popular.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NSF Grant‐1317771
A revolutionary chemistry curriculum based on fundamental principles of chemical structure and reactivity that integrate organic and inorganic chemistry with biochemistry (530.3)
Authors: Jakubowski Henry , Graham Kate , Johnson Brian , Jones Nicholas , McIntee Ed , Peterson Alicia , Schaller Chris 
Published: June 2021

Traditional first year chemistry curricula have remained essentially unchanged for decades although recent movement to an atoms or organic chemistry “first” approach or to introductory biochemistry courses that replace a semester of organic chemistry course have emerged. Outside agencies (American Chemical Society, ASBMB, and the American Association of Medical Colleges) have recently developed guidelines that encourage science departments to develop innovative approaches to content selection and delivery, where competencies and skills replace specified courses. We have embraced these calls and introduced a potentially revolutionary approach to the teaching of chemistry. The unifying principle of our first four courses are based on the structure/reactivity of molecules which “don’t know their classification as organic, inorganic and biochemical structures”. A brief overview of our entire curriculum (content and pedagogy) as well as a more detailed description of our first year courses, Introduction to Chemical Structure and Properties and Introduction to Nucleophiles and Electrophiles (which integrates organic and inorganic with biochemistry) will be presented.Grant Funding Source: Suporting by NSF
Variants of an active site histidine in Rv0045c esterase from M. tuberculosis (580.3)
Authors: Lukowski Jessica , McKary Magy , Hoops Geoffrey , Johnson R. Jeremy 
Published: June 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, from which the Rv0045c protein is isolated, is the most causative bacterium leading to tuberculosis. Histidine (H187), within the active site of this esterase, was the residue of interest in this project. The histidine was mutated to ten different amino acid residues (aspartate, asparagine, glycine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) and the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme variants was determined. Variant proteins were produced through site‐directed mutagenesis, overexpression in E. coli cells, and purification using a Ni2+ affinity resin. Evidence from differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) revealed no significant differences in the thermal stability of the variant proteins. Michaelis‐Menton kinetics revealed that most of the variant proteins showed no difference in catalytic activity from the wildtype protein. The tyrosine variant increased the protein’s overall kinetic efficiency. A sequence alignment with esterases from similar organisms showed that a tyrosine residue is almost as common as the histidine residue present in Rv0045c.Grant Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The rate‐limiting steps in radical‐mediated carbon‐sulfur bond formation catalyzed by biotin synthase (580.6)
Authors: Jarrett Joseph , Judd Matthew , Fugate Corey , Farrar Christine 
Published: June 2021

Biotin synthase is an S‐adenosylmethionine (AdoMet or SAM) radical enzyme that catalyzes the substitution of sulfur for hydrogen in dethiobiotin, generating two new C‐S bonds in the thiophane ring of biotin. In a reaction shared with other members of the Radical SAM superfamily, biotin synthase uses a [4Fe‐4S] cluster to catalyze the reduction of SAM to methionine and a 5'‐deoxyadenosyl radical. This highly reactive radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the C9 position of dethiobiotin, presumably generating a dethiobiotinyl radical, that is then quenched by a sulfide from a nearby [2Fe‐2S] cluster. Following exchange methionine and 5'‐deoxyadenosine for a second equivalent of SAM, a second reaction sequence focused on the C6 position completes the formation of the thiophane ring. Kinetic analysis of pre‐steady‐state enzyme turnover indicates that formation of the monothiolated intermediate, 9‐mercaptodethiobiotin, is significantly slower than the subsequent ring closure. Using kinetic isotope effect (KIE) analysis, we demonstrate that hydrogen atom abstraction from the C9 methyl group is the overall rate‐limiting step, with a burst phase KIE of ~35 ‐ 40. During in vitro steady‐state turnover, regeneration of the active enzyme through FeS cluster assembly becomes partially rate‐limiting, resulting in a partial masking of this isotope effect to a yield a KIE of ~5. Finally, feeding studies in E. coli with labeled dethiobiotin exhibit a large KIE, suggesting that FeS cluster assembly is not rate‐limiting in the presence of the ISC iron‐sulfur cluster assembly systems. The implications of the very large non‐classical isotope effect will be discussed in terms of enzyme evolution and the potential biotechnological applications for AdoMet radical enzymes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NSF (MCB‐1244632 to JTJ)
Protein N‐terminal N‐myristoylation at the proteome scale (587.1)
Authors: Meinnel Thierry , Castrec Benoit , Traverso Jose , Majeran Wojtek , Giglione Carmela 
Published: June 2021

N‐Myristoylation (MYR) is a N‐terminal modification, playing a major role in signal transduction pathways. MYR consists in the addition of a myristate to an N‐terminal Glycine, catalyzed by an N‐myristoyl transferase. MYR often acts together with another lipidation located on Cys residues in the close vicinity, S‐palmytoylation. Such lipidations prove most difficult to evidence even with state‐of‐the‐art proteomics approaches and instruments. Although less than 8 residues are enough to define the selectivity of the MYR, the sequence space diversity of MYR is huge (>109). So far, even fine bioinformatics approaches prove limiting to predict this modification. In this context, we have started a comprehensive analysis of this N‐terminal acylation in A. thaliana. With a new high‐throughput in vitro assay and the systematic measurement of catalytic efficiencies, >1200 synthetic octapeptides encoding the N‐terminal part of verified open‐reading frames could be assayed out of the ~2500 possible candidates. It is now possible to better cover the extent of the Myristoylated proteome from A. thaliana using computer modeling and to translate this knowledge to other proteomes including humans. Unexpected new families including thioredoxins for instance could be evidenced. We conclude that MYR is a more frequent modification than initially expected and that its specific recognition motif is extremely complex.Grant Funding Source: CNRS, ANR, ARC
1H‐NMR metabolomic biomarkers of poor outcome after hemorrhagic shock are absent in hibernators (590.1)
Authors: Bogren Lori , Murphy Carl , Johnston Erin , Serkova Natalie , Drew Kelly 
Published: June 2021

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) following trauma is a leading cause of death among persons under the age of 40. During HS, systemic ischemia is followed by reperfusion during medical intervention (I/R) resulting in a disruption of cellular metabolic processes and ultimate tissue and organ dysfunction. Resistance to I/R injury is a characteristic of hibernating mammals. The present study examined if arctic ground squirrels (AGS) are protected from warm HS‐induced global I/R injury due to the ability to maintain a stable metabolic homeostasis during HS. Rats and AGS were subject to HS by withdrawing blood to maintain a MAP of 35 mmHg for 20 min before reperfusion. Body temperature was maintained at 37±0.5°C. Plasma samples were taken immediately before hemorrhage and three hours after reperfusion and were then analyzed via 1H‐NMR spectroscopy for hydrophilic and lipophilic metabolites. Rats had a qualitative shift in their hydrophilic metabolic fingerprint and had alterations in several metabolites (acetate, alanine, glutamine, histidine, β‐hydroxybutyrate, lactate, lysine, and tyrosine ) during I/R indicative of metabolic shut‐down and organ damage. In contrast, AGS, regardless of season, were able to maintain a qualitative 1H‐NMR metabolic homeostasis with little (winter) or no (summer) changes in quantified metabolites during HS‐induced global I/R. In conclusion, AGS are resistant to disruptions in their metabolic processes and organ damage during warm HS‐ I/R.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USAMRMC W81XWH009‐2‐0134