bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative functional status is associated with discharge to nonhome in geriatric individuals
Authors: Hung Ya‐Ching , Wolf Joshua H. , D'Adamo Christopher R. , Demos Jasmine , Katlic Mark R. , Svoboda Shane 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionDischarging older individuals to rehabilitation facilities is associated with adverse outcomes, including readmission or increased mortality rate. As preoperative functional status is an important factor impacting patient outcome, we hypothesized that this would be associated with patient disposition to nonhome locations.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using data from the 2013–2018 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, including targeted variables from the Geriatric Pilot Project. Patients aged 65 and older in 33 institutions across the nation were included (n = 44,219). Preoperative functional status was categorized as independent, partially dependent, and dependent. The primary outcome was home versus nonhome disposition. Nonhome was defined as rehabilitation facility and nursing home. Descriptive analyses were performed. Variables associated with postoperative discharge to nonhome were identified using logistic regression.ResultsThe largest percentage of operations was orthopedics (40.8%), followed by general surgery (29.2%) and vascular operations (10.0%). The majority of the patients were independent before operations (93.1% independent, 6% partially dependent, and 0.9% totally dependent). In regression analyses, patients who were partially dependent preoperatively had five times higher odds of discharging to nonhome, compared to patients who were independent (odds ratio [OR] 5.04, p < 0.01). Similarly, patients who were totally dependent had 3.2 higher odds of discharging to nonhome than patients who were independent (OR 3.22, p < 0.01).ConclusionBetter preoperative functional status is associated with patient discharge to home in older adults. Preoperative interventions aimed at improving functional status, such as prehabilitation, may be beneficial in improving patient outcomes.
Physical activity moderates the effect of sedentary time on an older adult's physical independence
Authors: Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Magalhães João P. , Júdice Pedro B. , Ara Ignacio , Rosa Gil B. , Correia Inês R. , Mañas Asier , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesModerate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and breaks in sedentary time (BST) have been proposed as viable solutions to improve an older adult's physical independence, whereas sedentary time (ST) has been associated with detrimental effects. We sought to assess the joint effects of ST, BST, and MVPA on the physical independence of older adults and determine whether and to what extent the ST relationship with physical independence is moderated by MVPA and/or BST.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingLaboratory of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Human Kinetics.ParticipantsOlder adults (≥65 years old) from the national surveillance system in Portugal (n = 821).MeasurementsPhysical activity and ST were assessed by accelerometry. Physical independence was assessed using a 12‐item composite physical function (CPF) questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to model the outcomes.ResultsHigher ST was related to lower CPF score (β = −0.01, p < 0.0001), whereas higher MVPA was related to better CPF score (β = 0.02, p < 0.0001). BST was not related to physical independence after accounting for MVPA and ST (β = 0.03, p = 0.074). MVPA had a moderating effect on the relationship of ST with CPF score (p < 0.0001), where MVPA ≥36.30 min/day ameliorated the significant inverse relationship between ST and CPF. Engaging in ≥107.78 of MVPA resulted in ST having a significant positive relationship with CPF score. No moderation effect was found for BST (p > 0.05).ConclusionRegardless of the time spent in MVPA and BST, ST was inversely related to CPF. However, MVPA was found to be a moderator of the relationship between ST and physical independence, such that engaging in at least 36 min/day of MVPA may blunt the negative effects of ST. At high levels of MVPA (≥108 min/day), having some ST may actually provide some benefit to an older adult's ability to maintain physical independence.
Signal acquisition and analysis of ambulatory electromyographic recordings for the assessment of sleep bruxism: A scoping review
Authors: Thymi Magdalini , Lobbezoo Frank , Aarab Ghizlane , Ahlberg Jari , Baba Kazuyoshi , Carra Maria Clotilde , Gallo Luigi M. , De Laat Antoon , Manfredini Daniele , Lavigne Gilles , Svensson Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmbulatory electromyographic (EMG) devices are increasingly being used in sleep bruxism studies. EMG signal acquisition, analysis and scoring methods vary between studies. This may impact comparability of studies and the assessment of sleep bruxism in patients.Objectives(a) To provide an overview of EMG signal acquisition and analysis methods of recordings from limited‐channel ambulatory EMG devices for the assessment of sleep bruxism; and (b) to provide an overview of outcome measures used in sleep bruxism literature utilising such devices.MethodA scoping review of the literature was performed. Online databases PubMed and Semantics Scholar were searched for studies published in English until 7 October 2020. Data on five categories were extracted: recording hardware, recording logistics, signal acquisition, signal analysis and sleep bruxism outcomes.ResultsSeventy‐eight studies were included, published between 1977 and 2020. Recording hardware was generally well described. Reports of participant instructions in device handling and of dealing with failed recordings were often lacking. Basic elements of signal acquisition, for example amplifications factors, impedance and bandpass settings, and signal analysis, for example rectification, signal processing and additional filtering, were underreported. Extensive variability was found for thresholds used to characterise sleep bruxism events. Sleep bruxism outcomes varied, but typically represented frequency, duration and/or intensity of masticatory muscle activity (MMA).ConclusionAdequate and standardised reporting of recording procedures is highly recommended. In future studies utilising ambulatory EMG devices, the focus may need to shift from the concept of scoring sleep bruxism events to that of scoring the whole spectrum of MMA.
Effect of low‐nutrient‐density diet with probiotic mixture (Bacillus subtilis ms1, B. licheniformis SF5‐1, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on performance of weaner pigs
Authors: Sampath Vetriselvi , Duk Ha Byoung , Kibria Sumya , Kim In Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA total of one hundred and forty, 28 day‐old weaner pigs [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)] with an initial body weight (BW) of 6.56 ± 1.25 kg were used in a six‐week treatment (7 replicate pens per treatment; barrows, and 2 gilts/pen) to evaluate the effect of low‐nutrient‐density diet supplement with probiotic mixture supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbial and gas emission of weaner pigs. Pigs fed low‐density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation had linearly increased (p = 0.028, 0.014) the body weight (BW) at weeks 3, and 6. Moreover, average daily gain (ADG) was linearly improved (p = 0.018, 0.014, 0.014) at weeks 3, 6 and the overall experiment. However, there were no interactive effects found on the nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy (E) throughout the experiment. Dietary inclusion of a low‐density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation has improved the faecal lactobacillus counts linearly, but E. coli was unaffected during the trial. On day 42, Ammonium gas emission was significantly decreased in pigs fed a low‐density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation. However, H2S, acetic acid and CO2 were not significantly affected by the probiotic mixture supplementation diet. Low‐density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation had positively affected the growth performance, faecal microbial and faecal gas emission on weaner pigs.
Responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during the transition from P‐deficient to P‐sufficient growth (the P‐overplus response): The roles of the vacuolar transport chaperones and polyphosphate synthesis
Authors: Plouviez Maxence , Fernández Emilio , Grossman Arthur Robert , Sanz‐Luque Emanuel , Sells Matthew , Wheeler David , Guieysse Benoit 
Published: March 2021

Phosphorus (P) assimilation and polyphosphate (polyP) synthesis were investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by supplying phosphate (PO43−; 10 mg P·L−1) to P‐depleted cultures of wildtypes, mutants with defects in genes involved in the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex, and VTC‐complemented strains. Wildtype C. reinhardtii assimilated PO43− and stored polyP within minutes of adding PO43− to cultures that were P‐deprived, demonstrating that these cells were metabolically primed to assimilate and store PO43−. In contrast, vtc1 and vtc4 mutant lines assayed under the same conditions never accumulated polyP, and PO43− assimilation was considerably decreased in comparison with the wildtypes. In addition, to confirm the bioinformatics inferences and previous experimental work that the VTC complex of C. reinhardtii has a polyP polymerase function, these results evidence the influence of polyP synthesis on PO43− assimilation in C. reinhardtii. RNA‐sequencing was carried out on C. reinhardtii cells that were either P‐depleted (control) or supplied with PO43− following P depletion (treatment) in order to identify changes in the levels of mRNAs correlated with the P status of the cells. This analysis showed that the levels of VTC1 and VTC4 transcripts were strongly reduced at 5 and 24 h after the addition of PO43− to the cells, although polyP granules were continuously synthesized during this 24 h period. These results suggest that the VTC complex remains active for at least 24 h after supplying the cells with PO43−. Further bioassays and sequence analyses suggest that inositol phosphates may control polyP synthesis via binding to the VTC SPX domain.
Cefovecin pharmacokinetics after single‐dose intramuscular administration in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Yu Jennifer H. , Papich Mark G. , Garcés Torres Rodrigo , Emerson Jessica , Kinney Matthew E. , Helmick Kelly , Crosier Adrienne , Sanchez Carlos R. , Murray Suzan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCefovecin is a third‐generation cephalosporin with potential value for use in exotic felids due to its long duration of action. A sparse sampling protocol was implemented with 18 zoo‐housed cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefovecin (Convenia®) after a single 8 mg/kg intramuscular injection. Blood was collected serially for 15 days following administration, and plasma cefovecin concentrations were determined using high‐pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using population pharmacokinetic methods and non‐linear mixed effects modeling (NLME). Cefovecin was well tolerated by all cats, with no adverse effects observed. Peak plasma cefovecin concentration was 84.75 µg/ml, with a mean residence time of 207.9 h and an elimination half‐life of 144.1 h (6.00 days). Plasma concentrations of cefovecin were maintained >7 µg/ml in all individuals for the entire study duration (15 days). These concentrations are lower, and the half‐life slightly shorter, than the values reported for domestic cats. Cefovecin was highly protein‐bound (approximately 99.9%) in cheetah plasma, which is nearly identical to domestic cats. These results indicate that cefovecin is potentially useful as a long‐acting antibiotic in cheetahs.
Demographic, socioeconomic, and sociocultural factors associated with any breastfeeding in homeless mothers
Authors: Frenoy Pauline , Vandentorren Stéphanie , Arnaud Amandine , Vuillermoz Cécile , Rico Berrocal Raquel , Martin‐Fernandez Judith , Azria Elie , de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine , Bernard Jonathan Y. , Lioret Sandrine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn high‐income countries, breastfeeding has been shown to be positively associated with socioeconomic position. However, less is known about breastfeeding practices and their associated factors among extremely disadvantaged populations. We aimed to assess the associations of cultural origins and socioeconomic factors with any breastfeeding initiation and duration in homeless families. We analyzed data from 456 children aged 6 months to 5 years from the cross‐sectional ENFAMS survey, conducted in 2013 among a random sample of homeless families in shelters in the Greater Paris area. Data were collected by bilingual interviewers in 17 languages. Four nested multivariable robust Poisson regression models were run in a hierarchical framework to determine the factors associated with breastfeeding initiation and with any breastfeeding for 6 months or more. Most of the children (86.0%) had previously been or were currently being breastfed at the time of the survey; 58.9% were fed with breast milk ≥6 months. A higher maternal age and African origin were positively associated with breastfeeding ≥6 months, although the relation to the region of origin was moderated by education level. Migration to escape war, unrest or other violence and the child's birth in France were inversely associated with breastfeeding ≥6 months. Any breastfeeding by these homeless mothers seems influenced predominantly by their cultural origin and complicated by a difficult migration trajectory. The possible influence of poor material circumstances and cumulative hardship should encourage interventions targeted at homeless mothers that emphasize social/family support with a commitment to improving the family's living conditions.
Perceptions and beliefs about anaemia: A qualitative study in three agroecological regions of Ghana
Authors: Awuah Raphael Baffour , Colecraft Esi K. , Wilson Mark L. , Adjorlolo Leonard Kofi , Lambrecht Nathalie J. , Nyantakyi‐Frimpong Hanson , Jones Andrew D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLittle evidence exists concerning perceptions of anaemia in Ghanaian communities, which limits understanding of how to potentially improve health in settings with high anaemia prevalence. We explored lay perceptions of anaemia to understand local knowledge and beliefs and to provide an opportunity to inform interventions. A cross‐sectional, qualitative study was conducted in selected communities in three regions of Ghana with high prevalence of anaemia. Forty‐eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with adolescent girls, adult women of reproductive age and adult men (16 FGDs for each demographic group). Participants across the three demographic groups generally described anaemia as inadequate blood in the body and reported that poor diet, heat, alcohol intake, physiological factors and diseases such as malaria were the main causes of anaemia. Consequences of anaemia mentioned in the FGDs included dizziness, weight loss, loss of appetite and weakness. Prevention of anaemia was perceived to result from improved diet, avoidance of exposure to heat and improved sanitation to avoid diseases. The findings suggest that despite areas of convergence between lay and biomedical knowledge on the causes, consequences and prevention of anaemia, the burden of anaemia remains high in the study regions. This highlights a disconnect between local knowledge of anaemia and the health and nutrition behaviours needed to reduce its incidence. Effective interventions can be developed with and for communities that build upon existing knowledge while filling remaining knowledge gaps or misconceptions.
PacBio sequencing of Glomeromycota rDNA: a novel amplicon covering all widely used ribosomal barcoding regions and its applicability in taxonomy and ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Kolaříková Zuzana , Slavíková Renata , Krüger Claudia , Krüger Manuela , Kohout Petr 
Published: March 2021

Summary

There is no consensus barcoding region for determination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) taxa. To overcome this obstacle, we have developed an approach to sequence an AMF marker within the ribosome‐encoding operon (rDNA) that covers all three widely applied variable molecular markers.

Using a nested PCR approach specific to AMF, we amplified a part (c. 2.5 kb) of the rDNA spanning the majority of the small subunit rRNA (SSU) gene, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and a part of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. The PCR products were sequenced on the PacBio platform utilizing Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing.

Employing this method for selected environmental DNA samples, we were able to describe complex AMF communities consisting of various glomeromycotan lineages.

We demonstrate the applicability of this new 2.5 kb approach to provide robust phylogenetic assignment of AMF lineages without known sequences from pure cultures and to consolidate information about AMF taxon distributions coming from three widely used barcoding regions into one integrative dataset.
Refractive blur affects judgement of pedestrian walking direction at night
Authors: Wood Joanne M , Chiu Chiau‐Ni , Kim Gie Hee , Le Jenny , Lee Hyun Jung , Nguyen Tien , Black Alex A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeMany individuals drive with uncorrected refractive errors, which has implications for night driving, where poor visibility contributes to the increased crash risk relative to daytime. This study explored how small amounts of refractive blur affects the judgment of the walking direction of night‐time pedestrians and whether different types of retro‐reflective clothing influence this effect.MethodsJudgement of the walking direction of night‐time pedestrians was investigated for 20 young participants with normal vision (mean age, 21.8 ± 1.6 years) for two levels of binocular blur (+0.50DS, +1.00DS) compared to baseline (best‐corrected refractive correction). Participants seated in a stationary car with low beam headlamps observed a pedestrian wearing three clothing conditions: retro‐reflective vest (1) and retro‐reflective biomotion clothing (incorporating thin (2) or thick (3) retro‐reflective strips), who walked across the road in three directions (straight across, away or towards the car). The order of conditions was randomised among participants. Participants reported the perceived pedestrian walking direction and how confident they rated their response. Outcome measures included the proportion of correct responses (response accuracy) and confidence ratings.ResultsBlur had a significant effect on accuracy in judging pedestrian walking direction; accuracy decreased significantly with increasing blur (p < 0.001), with all blur levels being significantly different from one another. The effect of pedestrian clothing was also significant (p < 0.001); direction judgements were least accurate for vest, followed by both thin and thick biomotion, where accuracy judgements were similar. There was also a significant interaction between blur and clothing (p < 0.05). Similar trends were found for confidence ratings across the blur and clothing conditions. Greater confidence was significantly associated with increased response accuracy for the biomotion clothing, but not the vest.ConclusionFindings highlight that even small amounts of blur (+0.50DS), that do not reduce visual acuity below the legal driving limits, reduce the ability to accurately judge pedestrian walking direction at night. Retro‐reflective clothing in a biomotion configuration facilitated the highest accuracy and confidence in judgment of pedestrian walking direction, for both thin and thick strips compared to vest, for all blur levels.
Phase I Clinical Trials in Adoptive T-Cell Therapies
Authors: Devlin Sean M. , Iasonos Alexia , O’Quigley John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We develop three approaches to phase I dose finding designs for engineered T cells in oncology. Our goal is to address a very particular difficulty in this clinical setting: an inability to fully administer the dose allocated to some patients. Current designs can be biased as a result of this incomplete information being ignored or discarded from the analysis. The performance of the three proposed solutions is largely similar, and all offer an advantage over the currently used design. One of the three methods is supported by theoretical study, and we provide some new results on this approach.
Successful management of T‐cell mediated rejection in a recent kidney transplant recipient with COVID‐19 associated severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Mohamed Maha , Smith Jeannina , Parajuli Sandesh , Garg Neetika , Aziz Fahad , Mandelbrot Didier , Djamali Arjang , Zhong Weixiong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19‐associated vasculitis has been reported as a defining feature of systemic disease including acute kidney injury. However, the understanding of COVID‐19 kidney transplant‐related injuries is still evolving. We report a case of AKI with isolated vasculitis (v2 lesion) in a new kidney transplant recipient with COVID‐19 pneumonia.
Assessment of chronic disease management mode (CDMM) on participants with primary hypertension
Authors: Ling Dan , Wang Rong , Chen Qun , Liu Xinyuan , Qi Xueli , Chen Chen , Shi Xiaoman , Dong Zhaoheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveHypertension requires continuous and long‐term care to prevent associated complications. Chronic disease management mode (CDMM) was developed to improve patients' self‐management. We aimed to evaluate quality of care and clinical outcomes of CDMM versus routine care.Methods300 patients aged >30 years with primary hypertension were randomly allocated to the CDMM intervention group (n = 162) or the usual care control group (n = 138). CDMM comprised nursing consultations, telephone contact, online WeChat link, health education, and appropriate referrals during hospitalisation and after discharge. QLICD‐HY (V 2.0) scale was used to evaluate the quality of life. Care outcomes were biochemical parameters, body mass index, blood pressure levels, waist circumference, psychological indicators and quality of life assessed on admission (baseline) and one month post‐care for both groups. Data were collected and analysed using SPSS 20.0.ResultsAfter one month, the intervention group had 6 mm Hg (95% CI: −5.12 to −9.08) lower SBP and 0.6 mM/L (95% CI: −0.52 to −0.68) lower LDL than the control group. In terms of improvements in BMI, UmAlb or waist circumference, there were no differences between both groups. The intervention group scored better on psychological indicators than controls (P < 0.05), and scores reflecting social and psychological function in the intervention group were significantly higher than scores at baseline, and higher than scores of controls after one month (P < 0.05). In the control group, there was no statistically significant difference between the scores at baseline and after one month.ConclusionsUnder CDMM hypertension care, improvement of blood pressure and LDL was clinically significant. Intervention care further improves social and psychological function among participants with primary hypertension.