bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory comparison of clogging in three types of domestic synthetic envelopes installed in clay‐calcareous soils*
Authors: Khorramian Navid , Naseri Abdali , Nasab Saeed Borumand , Khoramian Hamid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClogging in subsurface drain envelopes is one of the main issues in drainage systems; changing drainpipes needs a large amount of money and can decrease the profitability of the system, so in this study we tried to select the best envelope according to clogging. This study was conducted to evaluate comparatively the performance of three synthetic envelopes (A, B, C) manufactured in Iran by using a physical permeameter model in the laboratory. The selected envelopes were of PP450 synthetic type. Experiments were performed to examine the changes in drain discharge and hydraulic conductivity of the soil–envelope of each permeameter in each of the three envelopes during a period of 2000 h. Experimental results indicated that at a constant water head, reduction of drain discharge was associated with reduction of hydraulic conductivity of the soil–envelope over time. It was due to the movement of soil particles within the envelopes for each discharge until it reached a constant value or the soil–envelope equilibrium. Comparison of results for the applied envelopes showed that envelope A had a better performance than the other two. Envelope A also had 28% higher drainage coefficient than envelope B and 58% higher drainage coefficient than envelope C, so this property can increase drain distances and save costs. The total hydraulic conductivity of envelope A is 6.5 and 5% higher than those of C and B envelopes, respectively. By comparing envelopes B and C we can see that envelope B presented a better function.
Development and characterization of monoterpene loaded microemulsions as novel scolicidal agents
Authors: Abouhosseini Tabari Mohaddeseh , Kashani Rad Milad , Youssefi Mohammad Reza , Maggi Filippo , Cespi Marco , Pavoni Lucia , Bonacucina Giulia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. The primary treatment is surgery and chemical sterilization of the parasitic layers by injection of a scolicidal agent. Available scolicidals possess side effects, and may cause postoperative complications. Several studies reported the scolicidal properties of monoterpene phenols and alcohols such as carvacrol, thymol, and geraniol. The present study aimed to develop, characterize, and assess monoterpene loaded microemulsions as novel green scolicidals products. For this purpose, microemulsions composing 0.37%, 0.75%, and 1.5% of monoterpenoid(s), thymol, carvacrol, and geraniol, alone or in binary or ternary mixtures were formulated. Samples were analyzed by visual inspection, polarizing optical microscope, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The stability of the samples was evaluated up to a 3‐month storage. For the scolicidal bioassay, samples at different concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, and 10 μg/ml were added to wells containing 104 viable protoscoleces and mortality rates were recorded at 2, 5, 10, and 20 min after exposure. Results of the present study showed that microemulsions formulated with 0.75% of pure carvacrol or the binary mixture of thymol and carvacrol at 0.375% are promising scolicidal agents.
Photocatalytic activity enhancement of carbon‐doped g‐C3N4 by synthesis of nanocomposite with Ag2O and α‐Fe2O3
Authors: Amani‐Ghadim Ali Reza , Tarighati Sareshkeh Abdolreza , Nozad Ashan Narges , Mohseni‐Zonouz Homa , Seyed Ahmadian Seyed Masoud , Seyed Dorraji Mir Saeed , Gholinejad Mohammad , Bayat Farzaneh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarbon‐doped g‐C3N4 (CGNS) nanocomposite with Ag2O and α‐Fe2O3 has been synthesized to improve g‐C3N4 photocatalytic activity. The prepared CGNS/Ag2O/α‐Fe2O3 (GAF [with mass ratio 3:2:1]) nanocomposite exhibits the expanded visible‐light absorption region leading to the enhanced photocatalytic performance for Acid Red 14 (AR14) degradation. Besides, it is found that the recombination rate of the charge carriers effectively suppresses the nanocomposite. For a better understanding of the photocatalytic degradation mechanism, the reactions have been performed in the presence of different scavengers. The experiments indicate that superoxide anion radicals possess a more influential role in AR14 degradation in comparison with hydroxyl radicals and holes. The degradation efficiency has been decreased from 94.68 to 85.60 after five consecutive photocatalytic tests implying that the prepared nanocomposite is a stable photocatalyst. In the end, the kinetic study of AR14 degradation on nanocomposite with considering pseudo‐first‐order kinetics results in a nonlinear empirical kinetic model development for prediction of degradation efficiency of AR14 on nanocomposite.
Immune‐related eight‐lncRNA signature for improving prognosis prediction of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Xiuxiu , Li Jinze , Zhou Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Therefore, the identification of a novel prediction signature for predicting the prognosis risk and survival outcomes is urgently demanded.MethodsWe integrated a machine‐learning frame by combing the Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model to identify the LUAD‐related long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) survival biomarkers. Subsequently, the Spearman correlation test was employed to interrogate the relationships between lncRNA signature and tumor immunity and constructed the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.ResultsHerein, we identified an eight‐lncRNA signature (PR‐lncRNA signature, NPSR1‐AS1, SATB2‐AS1, LINC01090, FGF12‐AS2, AC005256.1, MAFA‐AS1, BFSP2‐AS1, and CPC5‐AS1), which contributes to predicting LUAD patient's prognosis risk and survival outcomes. The PR‐lncRNA signature has also been confirmed as the robust signature in independent datasets. Further parsing of the LUAD tumor immune infiltration showed the PR‐lncRNAs were closely associated with the abundance of multiple immune cells infiltration and the expression of MHC molecules. Furthermore, by constructing the PR‐lncRNA–related ceRNA network, we interrogated more potential anti‐cancer therapy targets.ConclusionlncRNAs, as emerging cancer biomarkers, play an important role in a variety of cancer processes. Identification of PR‐lncRNA signatures allows us to better predict patient's survival outcomes and disease risk. Finally, the PR‐lncRNA signatures could help us to develop novel LUAD anti‐cancer therapeutic strategies.
Inequity in graduate engineering identity: Disciplinary differences and opportunity structures
Authors: Bahnson Matthew , Perkins Heather , Tsugawa Marissa , Satterfield Derrick , Parker Mackenzie , Cass Cheryl , Kirn Adam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe retention of traditionally underserved students remains a pressing problem across graduate engineering programs. Disciplinary differences in graduate engineering identity provide a lens to investigate students' experiences and can pinpoint potential opportunity structures that support or hinder progress based on social and personal identities.PurposeThis study investigates the impact of discipline, gender, race/ethnicity, advisor relationship, and years in a program on graduate engineering identity variability.MethodsCross‐sectional survey data from a national sample of doctoral engineering students were analyzed with multilevel modeling. Multilevel modeling measured the differences at the individual and discipline levels for graduate engineering identity and the domains of engineer, researcher, and scientist. Independent variables included were gender, advisor relationship score, race/ethnicity, and years in a program.ResultsThe engineer identity sub‐construct of recognition significantly varied among engineering disciplines. Traditionally underserved students (i.e., Women and minoritized racial/ethnic groups) expressed lower engineering recognition levels, with this relationship varying based on discipline. Overall, our model explained 30% of the variation in engineering recognition among disciplines.ConclusionsThe disciplinary variation in graduate engineering identity combined with the significance of gender and race/ethnicity indicates traditionally underserved students do not experience equivalent opportunity structures compared with their well‐represented peers. Modifying traditional opportunity structures to serve students better may provide the needed changes to engage and retain traditionally underserved populations.
Circular coloring and fractional coloring in planar graphs
Authors: Hu Xiaolan , Li Jiaao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the following Steinberg‐type problem on circular coloring: for an odd integer , what is the smallest number such that every planar graph of girth without cycles of length from to admits a homomorphism to the odd cycle (or equivalently, is circular ‐colorable). Known results and counterexamples on Steinberg's Conjecture indicate that . In this paper, we show that exists if and only if is an odd prime. Moreover, we prove that for any prime ,
We conjecture that , and observe that the truth of this conjecture implies Jaeger's conjecture that every planar graph of girth has a homomorphism to for any prime . Supporting this conjecture, we prove a related fractional coloring result that every planar graph of girth without cycles of length from to is fractional ‐colorable for any odd integer .
Aberrant White Matter Microstructure in Depressed Patients with Suicidality
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Li Huiru , Yin Li , Chen Ziqi , Wu Baolin , Huang Xiaoqi , Jia Zhiyun , Gong Qiyong 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDepression is a common psychiatric disorder affecting 264 million people globally, and the worst outcome is suicide. While regional brain alterations in depressed suicidal brain have previously been reported, knowledge about white matter (WM) microstructure is limited.PurposeAutomated fiber quantification (AFQ) acquired by magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate diffusion properties of fiber tracks to explore the structural alteration of WM associated with suicidality in depressive patients.Study TypeCross‐sectional.SubjectsForty‐five depressive patients without suicidality (DS− group, 60.00% females), 53 depressed patients with suicidality (DS+ group, 66.04% females), and 59 healthy controls (HC group, 67.80% females).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; single‐shot echo‐planar imaging sequence.AssessmentThe point‐wise group difference of the fiber tracts was determined by diffusion properties including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of 18 specific WM tracts.Statistical TestsAnalysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and partial correlation analysis were used. A threshold of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe significantly different diffusion properties were found in callosum forceps, left inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF), right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and left cingulum cingulate in DS− and DS+ groups. The correlation analysis results showed that MD of right ATR was significantly positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores (r = 0.363). In addition, AD of right ATR (r = 0.372), MD of callosum forceps minor (r = 0.511), RD of left IFOF (r = 0.429), and RD of callosum forceps minor (r = 0.515) were significantly positively correlated with suicide item scores of HAMD.Data ConclusionOur demonstration of decreased WM tract integrity including callosum forceps, IFOF, and ATR confirms the central involvement of the frontal cortex and limbic system with suicidality in depression.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage3
Gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with plasma levels of Interferon‐γ and viral load in patients with acute hepatitis E infection
Authors: Wu Jian , Bortolanza Mariza , Zhai Guanghua , Shang Anquan , Ling Zongxin , Jiang Bin , Shen Xiaochen , Yao Yiwen , Yu Jiong , Li Lanjuan , Cao Hongcui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFew studies have focused on the effect of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection on gut microbiota. To explore the relationship between changes in gut microbiota and inflammatory factors and viral load, we conducted a comparative study of 33 patients with acute hepatitis E (AHE) patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) using high‐throughput 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Shannon and Simpson's indices showed no significant differences in bacterial diversity between the AHE and HCs groups. Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae were most abundant in the AHE group, which contributed to the difference between the gut microbiota of the AHE and HCs groups, and the same difference between the HEV‐RNA‐positive and HEV‐RNA‐negative groups. Functional prediction analysis showed that ribosome, purine metabolism, and two‐component system were the top three pathways. Compared with the AHE group with normal interferon (IFN)‐γ, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were more abundant in the high‐IFN‐γ group. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was positively correlated with the level of serum alanine transaminase and total bilirubin. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria could discriminate AHE patients from HCs, and could better predict the severity of AHE patients. We believe that our findings will contribute toward a novel treatment strategy for AHE.
Post‐Fascists: Putting the So‐Called “Populist Right” into Historical Perspective
Authors: Keim Wiebke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAuthoritarians are back: Demanding the restoration of community against formalized society and of tradition against the stranger; asking for strong states enforcing law and order, closing borders, preventing dark men from threatening white women; defending traditional family models against individualism and gender‐pluralism; claiming to represent “the people.” Today many denounce them as “Fascists!”. This article tries to conceptually capture the recent developments in two countries, France and Germany. In both cases, a diachronic comparison seems tempting. Are the '30s ahead of us? What is the extent and what is the impact of the fascist legacy today? The comparison in this article is based on Mann's book “Fascists” (2004). The paper argues that while the current far‐right cannot be considered fascist anymore and resembles interwar fascism only remotely, we have to consider it post‐fascist. If interwar fascism is largely explicable out of a context of multilevel crises to which it provided answers that many found convincing, I conclude that the current strength of the German and French far‐right does happen in a rather moderate crisis context to which it provides some answers.
A 5000‐year paleoclimate record from Nettilling Lake (Baffin Island) based on diatom assemblages and oxygen isotope composition
Authors: Narancic Biljana , Saulnier‐Talbot Émilie , Meyer Hanno , Pienitz Reinhard 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTSedimentary diatoms have been used to quantitatively reconstruct climate‐related variables, such as temperature at different timescales. Even though temperature is often less of a key driver of diatom ecology than other environmental parameters (water chemistry), diatom inference models have been shown to be reliable in deducing past temperature trends. In addition, the oxygen isotope composition (δ18Odiatom) preserved in buried diatom frustules has demonstrated its potential to reflect climatic and hydrological conditions at the time of frustule formation. This study combines results from both diatom‐based climate proxies to reconstruct summer water and mean annual air temperatures, and hydrological trends in Nettilling Lake, Baffin Island, from ca. 5000 to 500 cal a bp. Diatom‐inferred temperatures revealed an overall ca. 2 °C cooling throughout the Late‐Holocene. The δ18Odiatom values showed an increasing trend up to ca. 1900 cal a bp, where they reached their highest values (+24.8‰ at 15 cm) and thereafter decreased to their lowest values (+21.4‰ at 4 cm). These trends were linked to meltwater inflows associated with Penny Ice Cap thaw rate that was in turn controlled by regional climatic conditions which went from intensified cooling during the Neoglacial period to slight warming thereafter. Our results suggest that diatom‐ and diatom‐isotope‐based temperature and hydrological reconstructions can identify trends related to the natural climate system variability. The diatom oxygen isotopes are useful for paleoenvironmental studies of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems, but not for all hydrological systems are the ideal temperature proxy. Hence, the combination of proxies helps to disentangle temperature and hydrological effects for paleoclimatic reconstructions and may support future studies of postglacial environmental change in northern lakes.
Investigating Middle Palaeolithic subsistence: zooarchaeological perspectives on the potential character of hominin climate refugia in Greece
Authors: Roditi Effrosyni , Starkovich Britt M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIt has long been proposed that during Pleistocene climatic perturbations the Balkan peninsula sustained refugial areas for fauna, flora, and potentially, hominins. In this study, we explore Middle Palaeolithic subsistence at the peninsula's southern end, Greece, and discuss how the evidence contributes to our understanding of the region's character as a refugium. We present new data from the recent reanalysis of the fauna from Asprochaliko rockshelter and the ongoing zooarchaeological investigations at Lakonis Cave 1 and compare them with published analyses from Klissoura Cave 1. We employ taxonomic abundance and diversity indices, as well as mortality profiles, to investigate hominin prey choice. Additional taphonomic observations provide further information on carcass exploitation. We examine changes in the faunal composition of the three sites in an attempt to identify the extent to which climate might have influenced resource availability and diversity in the region, stimulating resource intensification or diversification processes. Our results suggest that Middle Palaeolithic hominins consistently acquired high‐ranked prey through time. However, interregional differences in resource exploitation indicate that local topography and microclimate mediated prey choice and availability.
A preliminary study of natural environmental change and its impact on early Late Paleolithic people in the northeast central Korean Peninsula during Marine Istope Stage 3 (40–30k cal a bp)
Authors: Yi Sangheon , Han Chang‐Gyun , Oh Keun‐Chang , Seo In Sun , Kim Dongwook , Lee Jaeyoung , Han Min , Choi Hanwoo , Lim Jaesoo , Park Sujeong , Jun Chang‐Pyo , Cho Taesop 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTWe comprehensively analyzed sediments obtained from an archeological excavation. A trench sediment profile of Maedun Cave (MC), South Korea, was analyzed geoarchaeologically. Multi‐proxy analyses (palynomorphs, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, animal bones and artifacts) reflected the vegetation, hydroclimate and lives of prehistoric people at Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (ca. 40–30k cal a bp) in the early Late Paleolithic. The palynoflora consisted of pollen and non‐pollen palynomorphs. Under the air‐circulation system in the cave, anemophilous pollen flowed in during the day, whereas waterborne pollen and spores, and freshwater algae, were transported by flooding during the summer monsoon rainy season. Mixed conifer and deciduous broad‐leaved forest with an understory of pteridophytes flourished around the north‐east central Korean Peninsula during MIS 3. Freshwater algae and grass pollen records may reflect precipitation intensity. It is assumed that they had flowed in during flooding caused by high precipitation during the enhanced East Asian summer monsoon, corresponding to Dansgaard–Oeschger (D/O) events 5 and 8 of δ18O GISP2 and Hulu Cave. The prehistoric people hunted herbivorous animals in the area around MC and sheltered inside it seasonally. They also used the grains of oats growing near the dwelling as a source of food.
Effects of solar park construction and solar panels on soil quality, microclimate, CO2 effluxes, and vegetation under a Mediterranean climate
Authors: Lambert Quentin , Bischoff Armin , Cueff Sixtine , Cluchier Alexandre , Gros Raphael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSolar energy is increasingly used to produce electricity in Europe, but the environmental impact of constructing and running solar parks (SP) is not yet well studied. Solar park construction requires partial vegetation removal and soil leveling. Additionally, solar panels may alter soil microclimate and functioning. In our study of three French Mediterranean solar parks, we analyzed:(1) effects of solar park construction on soil quality by comparing solar park soils with those of semi‐natural land cover types (pinewood and shrubland) and abandoned croplands (former vineyards); and (2) the effect of solar panels on soil microclimate, CO2 effluxes, and vegetation. We measured 21 soil properties of physical, chemical, and microbiological soil quality in one solar park and its surroundings to calculate integrated indicators of soil quality. We surveyed soil temperature and moisture, CO2 effluxes, and vegetation below and outside solar panels of three solar parks. Soil aggregate stability was reduced by SP construction resulting in a degradation of soil physical quality. Soil chemical quality and a general indicator of soil quality were lower in anthropogenic (SP and abandoned vineyards) than in semi‐natural (pinewood and shrubland) land cover types. However, differences between abandoned vineyards representing the preconstruction land cover type and solar parks were not significant. Solar panels reduced the soil temperature by 10% and soil CO2 effluxes by 50% but did not affect early successional plant communities. Long‐term monitoring is needed to evaluate the effects of solar panels on vegetation.
FOXD3 suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition through direct transcriptional promotion of SMAD7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Zheng , Li Yan , Niu Yunfeng , Lu Juntao , Yan Zhaoyang , Xu Tongxin , Guo Yanli , Dong Zhiming , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe transcription factor forkhead box D3 (FOXD3) is an important member of the FOX family, which can maintain the pluripotent properties of cell clusters, neural crest, and trophoblastic progenitor cells in vivo. It has been shown that FOXD3 could affect proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of various tumors and its deletion and overexpression in organisms will undoubtedly have important influence on the change of cell fate and the occurrence of tumors. However, the underlying functions and molecular mechanisms of FOXD3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been fully clarified. According to the present study, the expression levels and functional roles of FOXD3 were investigated, and its prognostic value and molecular mechanisms in tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC were clarified. The expression level of FOXD3 was significantly downregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines, and correlated with gender, family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, TNM stage, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and ESCC patients' survival. Moreover, FOXD3 inhibited cells migration and invasion as well as participated in TGF‐β1 induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition process. Furthermore, a positive correlation between FOXD3 and SMAD family member 7 (SMAD7) was explored in ESCC. FOXD3 could directly bind to promoter regions of SMAD7 gene, leading to transcriptional promotion of SMAD7 in human esophageal cancer cells. Taken together, FOXD3 may play a tumor suppressor role in ESCC and may be applied as a new therapeutic target and prognostic marker for ESCC.