bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of 3S in big data quality: a perspective on operational performance indicators using an integrated approach
Authors: Verma Pratima , Kumar Vimal , Mittal Ankesh , Rathore Bhawana , Jha Ajay , Rahman Muhammad Sabbir 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis study aims to provide insight into the operational factors of big data. The operational indicators/factors are categorized into three functional parts, namely synthesis, speed and significance. Based on these factors, the organization enhances its big data analytics (BDA) performance followed by the selection of data quality dimensions to any organization's success.Design/methodology/approachA fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based research methodology has been proposed and utilized to assign the criterion weights and to prioritize the identified speed, synthesis and significance (3S) indicators. Further, the PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations) technique has been used to measure the data quality dimensions considering 3S as criteria.FindingsThe effective indicators are identified from the past literature and the model confirmed with industry experts to measure these indicators. The results of this fuzzy AHP model show that the synthesis is recognized as the top positioned and most significant indicator followed by speed and significance are developed as the next level. These operational indicators contribute toward BDA and explore with their sub-categories' priority.Research limitations/implicationsThe outcomes of this study will facilitate the businesses that are contemplating this technology as a breakthrough, but it is both a challenge and opportunity for developers and experts. Big data has many risks and challenges related to economic, social, operational and political performance. The understanding of data quality dimensions provides insightful guidance to forecast accurate demand, solve a complex problem and make collaboration in supply chain management performance.Originality/valueBig data is one of the most popular technology concepts in the market today. People live in a world where every facet of life increasingly depends on big data and data science. This study creates awareness about the role of 3S encountered during big data quality by prioritizing using fuzzy AHP and PROMETHEE.
Tourist gaze through computer vision: where, what, how and why?
Authors: Zhang Kun , Qiu Hanqin , Wang Jingyue , Li Chunlin , Zhang Jinyi , Chen Dora Dongzhi 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to answer the following four research questions: Where do tourists gaze at the destination? What do tourists gaze at the destination? How do tourists gaze differently? Why do tourists gaze differently referring to relevant theory?

Design/methodology/approach
With a computer vision approach, this study illustrated a series of maps that reflect where and what do tourists gaze at and compared the differences in the visual perceptions among Asian, European and North American tourists in Hong Kong.

Findings
The findings confirm that the “tourist gaze” is influenced by geographical and cultural conditions. The conclusions provided three types of implementations for destination management strategies and advocated a high engagement with computer vision technology.

Originality/value
In theory, this study proves that the “tourist gaze” is influenced by geographical and cultural conditions. The study’s methodological contribution lies in applying advanced technology of visual content analysis for big data relevant to the issue of the tourist gaze. Practically, the finding that has not been achieved via previous questionnaire surveys will serve as a reference for tourism recommendations and precision marketing. In addition, its practical contribution is that it offers a means by which to explore tourists’ perceptions of destinations and understand the attractiveness of destinations to tourists.
Ferrochrome slag aggregate: physical-chemical characteristics and potential use in lightly cemented road bases
Authors: Kambole Chewe , Paige-Green Phil , Kupolati Williams Kehinde , Ndambuki Julius Musyoka 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Most developing countries simply dump ferrochrome slag as waste which occupies huge areas of useful land. The purpose of this study is to underscore the significance of reusing ferrochrome slag as a sustainable and eco-friendly road aggregate material, with the added benefits of preventing possible environmental pollution and promoting sustainable mining of non-renewable construction materials.

Design/methodology/approach
Physical-mechanical characteristics were investigated using various South African National Standards test procedures. Chemical and mineralogical characteristics were evaluated using the X-ray fluorescence and the X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test was used to evaluate the slag’s environmental suitability. Using two cement types, cement proportions of 1%, 2% and 3% of the slag aggregate weight mixed with optimum moisture content of the non-treated compacted slag were used to make lightly cemented ferrochrome slag aggregate (LCFSA) composites, subsequently tested for compressive strength.

Findings
Ferrochrome slag aggregates have excellent physical-mechanical characteristics that conform to international specifications for use in road base construction. The slag can be classified as non-hazardous solid waste. However, in acidic environments, some toxic elements may leach from the slag and pollute the environment. Optimum cement contents of 2.3% (CEM II) and 2.6% (CEM VB) can be mixed with the slag to produce LCFSA for road bases.

Originality/value
No research was found in literature on the use of LCFSA in road bases. This research, therefore, presents new data on mix design and strength properties of LCFSA as well as some physical-chemical characteristics of coarse ferrochrome slag aggregate.
Brexit as Britain in Decline and its Crises (Revisited)
Authors: MacLeavy Julie , Jones Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article revisits Andrew Gamble's book, Britain in Decline, and also revisits the geographies of state crisis. Drawing on the substantial archives of state theory, the article explores how Brexit emerged as a moment of crisis following the relative decline of the economy and the reshaping of the welfare state. Discussions of Brexit and the uneven geographies of advanced capitalism inevitably raise questions about the central tension between the free market and strong state within both political discourse and political activity. In considering these, the article extends Gamble's writing on the social, economic and political struggles within the Thatcherite project and explores the role of uneven development in perpetuating and transforming the contradictions of advanced capitalism. This allows for a more geographical reading of contradictions inside the state‐territory, which augments Gamble's understanding of the external challenges to Britain's postwar settlement.
Fatal penetrating abdominal injury by a metallic projectile
Authors: Mittal Chaitanya , Vempalli Seshagiri Raju , Kanchan Tanuj , Shekhawat Raghvendra Singh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPenetrating abdominal injury is often a life‐threatening condition, which is mainly associated with inflicted injuries. Fatal self‐inflicted sharp force abdominal injuries too have been reported in the literature. Inadvertent penetrating abdominal injuries are a rarity and are caused by sharp objects of low‐velocity and often nonmissile‐type. A 27‐year‐old male factory worker was brought dead to the emergency department with an alleged history of sustaining abdominal injury by a sharp metal projectile while working on a metal cutting grinder. Autopsy observations were consistent with the history of inadvertent penetrating injury. Our case reports a fatal missile‐type inadvertent sharp force trauma over the abdomen with intestinal perforation, a relatively uncommon scenario in occupational/workplace settings. The present case report describes the significance of the death scene visit and corroborating the medical findings with investigating agencies. This case further emphasizes on the need for adopting proper safety measures at the workplace.
Existing fluid responsiveness studies using the mini‐fluid challenge may be misleading: Methodological considerations and simulations
Authors: Enevoldsen Johannes , Scheeren Thomas W. L. , Berg Jonas M. , Vistisen Simon T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe mini‐fluid challenge (MFC) is a clinical concept of predicting fluid responsiveness by rapidly infusing a small amount of intravenous fluids, typically 100 ml, and systematically assessing its haemodynamic effect. The MFC method is meant to predict if a patient will respond to a subsequent, larger fluid challenge, typically another 400 ml, with a significant increase in stroke volume.MethodsWe critically evaluated the general methodology of MFC studies, with statistical considerations, secondary analysis of an existing study and simulations.ResultsSecondary analysis of an existing study showed that the MFC could predict the total fluid response (MFC + 400 ml) with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.92, but that the prediction was worse than random for the response to the remaining 400 ml (AUROC = 0.33). In a null simulation with no response to both the MFC and the subsequent fluid challenge, the commonly used analysis could predict fluid responsiveness with an AUROC of 0.73.ConclusionMany existing MFC studies are likely overestimating the classification accuracy of the MFC. This should be considered before adopting the MFC into clinical practice. A better study design includes a second, independent measurement of stroke volume after the MFC. This measurement serves as reference for the response to the subsequent fluid challenge.
Harm perceptions of nicotine‐containing products and associated sources of information in UK adults with and without mental ill health: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Perman‐Howe Parvati R. , Horton Marie , Robson Deborah , McDermott Máirtín S. , McNeill Ann , Brose Leonie S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPeople with mental ill health are more likely to smoke and experience smoking‐related harm than those without. Switching from combustible tobacco to lower‐risk nicotine‐containing products may be of benefit; however, misperceptions of harm may prevent their use. We aimed to assess, among adults with and without mental ill health, (1) perceptions of harm from nicotine and relative harm and addictiveness of different nicotine‐containing products and (2) sources of information associated with harm perceptions.DesignCross‐sectional study.Setting and ParticipantsOn‐line survey of adults (n = 3400) who smoke cigarettes and/or use e‐cigarettes, or have recently stopped, in the United Kingdom.MeasurementsOutcomes: harm perceptions of nicotine; relative perceived harm and addictiveness of different nicotine‐containing products; sources of information for harm perceptions of nicotine, cigarette smoking and e‐cigarettes. Demographics: sex, age, education, ethnic group and region. Other measures: self‐reported smoking, vaping and mental health status. Analyses: frequencies and logistic regressions adjusting for demographic/other measures.FindingsAmong those with serious mental distress (versus no/low mental distress): 9.6% [13.9%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50–0.97] correctly identified that none/a very small amount of the health risks of smoking cigarettes come from nicotine; 41.7% (53.5%, aOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54–0.84) perceived e‐cigarettes and 53.2% (70.3%, aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.50–0.77) perceived nicotine replacement therapy to be less harmful than cigarettes; and 42.1% (51.3%, aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62–0.95) perceived e‐cigarettes as being less likely than cigarettes to cause cancer, 35.4% (45.5%, aOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.57–0.88) heart attacks and 34.9% (42.3%, aOR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.64–0.99) lung problems. The most popular sources of information for cigarette smoking, e‐cigarettes and nicotine were scientific experts’ opinions and media reports, with little variation by mental distress.ConclusionsAmong adults with a history of tobacco and/or e‐cigarette use, those with serious mental distress appear to have less accurate harm perceptions of nicotine and nicotine‐containing products than those with no/low distress, despite reporting similar sources of information.
Effect of using elastic‐pressure socks in spinal surgery patients on orthostatic hypotension in the first mobilization
Authors: Öztürk Gülay , Yılmaz Emel , Aydın Murat , Baydur Hakan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common early postoperative finding in patients who undergo major surgery, and it might delay early mobilization, which is the main building block of modern perioperative care programs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using thigh‐length elastic pressure socks in patients who undergo spinal surgery in development of OH at first mobilization after surgery.MethodsThe study was a randomized‐controlled intervention study. A total of 70 patients who underwent spinal surgery were included in the study. The patients were allocated randomly to the intervention group (n = 35) who used thigh‐length elastic pressure socks and the control group (n = 35) which received no intervention other than routine nursing care.ResultsIt was found in the study that 2.9% of the patients in the intervention group developed OH during the first mobilization after the surgery, and 48.6% of the patients in the control group developed OH at first mobilization. The patients in the intervention group were found to have the risk ratio (RR): 0.06 times less probability of developing OH than the patients in the control group (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.01–0.42). The OH symptoms were lower in the patients in the intervention group.ConclusionIt was found as a result of the study that using thigh‐length elastic pressure socks in spinal surgery patients reduced OH development and symptoms at first mobilization after the surgery.
Sex differences in non‐strangulated postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamamoto Yuta , Miyagawa Yusuke , Kitazawa Masato , Koyama Makoto , Nakamura Satoshi , Tokumaru Shigeo , Muranaka Futoshi , Soejima Yuji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is one of the major causes of postoperative morbidity. Non‐surgical management is generally applied to non‐strangulated ASBO. Several factors have been reported to affect the response to non‐surgical management in patients with ASBO. However, the association between sex differences and non‐strangulated ASBO remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of sex differences in non‐strangulated postoperative ASBO.MethodsWe divided 139 patients with a first episode of non‐strangulated postoperative ASBO into two groups: male group (n = 83) and female group (n = 56). Clinical features and prognosis were compared between the two groups.ResultsFemale patients had lower proportions of oesophageal/gastric malignancies (P = 0.044) and colorectal malignancies (P = 0.030) and a higher proportion of uterine/ovarian malignancies (P < 0.001) than male patients did. More female patients required surgical management than male patients (P = 0.003) did. Hospital length of stay (LOS) was longer (P = 0.046) in the female group than in the male group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the female sex was associated with an increased risk of the need for surgical management (odds ratio 5.318, P = 0.006). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the female sex was positively associated with increased LOS (hazard ratio 0.687, P = 0.045).ConclusionFemale sex was associated with failure of non‐surgical management and increased LOS in patients with non‐strangulated postoperative ASBO.
The risk for developing vision‐threatening retinopathy after cataract surgery in diabetic patients depends on the postoperative follow‐up time
Authors: Bek Toke , Tilma Kathrine , la Cour Morten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo identify parameters that can predict the postoperative risk for progression of retinopathy to a vision‐threatening stage after cataract surgery. This may optimize the timing of surgery and the postoperative follow‐up strategy in diabetic patients.MethodsMulti‐state survival analysis with death as competing risk was used to investigate how year of onset and age of onset of diabetes, gender, body mass index, HbA1c and blood pressure had affected the risk for developing diabetic macular oedema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) among 2540 right eyes from 2797 diabetic patients operated for cataract on one or both eyes during 25 years until July 1. 2019.ResultsCataract surgery had been performed in 98.8% of patients reaching 90 years of age. The risk for developing both DME and PDR was increased by cataract surgery. The risk was highest during the first postoperative years and increased by pre‐operative variability in HbA1c. The risk after more than 20 years postoperatively increased by increased cumulative HbA1c pre‐operatively. The other studied risk factors contributed differently to the development of the two complications.ConclusionsDecision models for the timing of cataract surgery in diabetic patients should consider that the risk for developing vision‐threatening retinopathy depends on follow‐up time. Differences in the risk profiles for developing DME and PDR after cataract surgery support that the two complications should be regarded as separate late complications.
Effects of message framing on recruiting Rh‐D‐negative blood donors in an emergency situation: Two randomized trials
Authors: Ou‐Yang Jian , Huang Xiao‐Ying , Fu Yong‐shui , Dai Lin , Zhong Hui‐bin , Jiang Jin , Liang Hua‐qin 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesProspect theory categorizes message framing according to whether it emphasizes a possible loss or a possible gain. Promotions of blood donation worldwide mainly focus on gain‐framed appeal. The objective of the current study is to examine the effects of message framing on recruiting Rh‐D‐negative blood donors (RDNBDs) in an emergency situation.DesignTwo randomized trials.MethodsIn Study 1, 813 group O and 500 group B RDNBDs were randomly assigned to three groups receiving three different recruitment text messages: (1) gain‐framed, (2) loss‐framed, and (3) information messages. In addition, 613 group A and 148 group AB RDNBDs were marked as (4) no message group. In Study 2, 758 RDNBDs were randomly provided one of two versions of materials focusing on either the possible survival (gain‐framed) or the death (loss‐framed) of a Rh‐D‐negative patient needed a blood transfusion. These participants then completed a questionnaire to examine the possible mechanisms underlying the observed effects.ResultsCompared to not receiving any message, significantly more RDNBDs re‐donated within 14 days after they received a loss‐framed message. Study 2 found that RDNBDs who read the loss‐framed material expressed more willingness to donate immediately than those who read the gain‐framed material. RDNBDs with high‐risk perception expressed a greater blood donation intention in the loss‐framed group. The loss‐framed message made participants perceive others' needs more strongly, which generated more empathy, and thus increased blood donation intention.ConclusionsThe results suggested that recruiting RDNBDs using a loss‐framed message is suitable under an emergency.
Quine's argument “from above”
Authors: Severo Rogério P. , Schüler Guilherme Gräf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUp until the early 1970s, Quine argued that the underdetermination of theories by observations is a reason for the indeterminacy of translation. This is the so‐called argument “from above,” which is still today often thought of as Quine's main reason for the thesis. His 1975 analysis of underdetermination, however, rendered that argument invalid. This paper explains why.
Modelling soil hydraulic properties with an improved pore‐solid fractal (PSF) model through image analysis
Authors: Sun Xiaoqin , She Dongli , Wang Hongde , Fei Yuanhang , Gao Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoil hydraulic properties are important for studying Earth science. The pore‐solid fractal (PSF) model, combined with a critical path analysis from percolation theory, seems to be more promising in the modelling of soil hydraulic properties. The accuracy of the PSF model depends on the accurate acquisition of fractal dimensions, which requires the combination of micro‐CT scanning and image analysis technology. In addition, there is a changepoint in soil water movement due to the coexistence of soil micro‐ and macromorphology. Determining the changepoint and using different fractal dimensions to predict hydraulic properties on different sides of the changepoint can further improve the accuracy of the PSF model. Therefore, in this study, we tested the changepoint in soil water movement and adopted an improved PSF model to predict hydraulic parameters in saline soil based on image analysis. The results showed that the two‐sample t‐test could identify the changepoint accurately. There was only one changepoint in coastal saline soil when predicting hydraulic properties. Micro‐CT scanning and image analysis can obtain fractal dimensions more accurately and quickly. The coefficients of determination of all treatments were above 0.9. The improved PSF model was more accurate than the previous model in predicting soil hydraulic properties. A comparison of goodness‐of‐fit criteria showed that it is better to adopt the geometrical mean error ratio () and geometrical standard deviation error ratio () as the judgement standard. Due to the anisotropy of soil, the improved PSF model demonstrated a higher accuracy in predicting water content than hydraulic conductivity. The hydraulic conductivity prediction accuracy was negatively correlated with the degree of anisotropy () parameter, and the improved model was more suitable for soils with weak anisotropy. Our research can provide a simple and accurate method for parameter calculation of the PSF model to predict soil hydraulic properties more accurately.Highlights
The two‐sample t‐test can find the changepoint accurately in the process of soil drying.
Micro‐CT scanning and image analysis can calculate fractal dimension more accurately.
The improved PSF model is more accurate when predicting soil hydraulic properties.
Anisotropy is an important factor that restricts the prediction accuracy of PSF model.