bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a patient experience of care survey for emergency departments
Authors: Ye Feifei , Parast Layla , Hays Ron D. , Elliott Marc N. , Becker Kirsten , Lehrman William G. , Stark Debra , Martino Steven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo (1) develop a survey to assess the patient experience of care in hospital‐based emergency departments (ED) and (2) evaluate the reliability and validity of composite measures of patient experience using data collected through the experimental implementation of the newly developed Emergency Department Patient Experience of Care (EDPEC) Discharged to Community (DTC) Survey.Data Source4893 adult patients were treated in the ED of 16 hospitals across the United States in 2018.Study DesignThe study utilized a cross‐sectional survey.Data CollectionSurvey development activities included a literature review, focus groups, and cognitive interviews with recently discharged ED patients, technical expert panels, and multiple field experiments. Survey development resulted in a 34‐item instrument; the analysis reported here focuses on 18 items on patient experience of care. Using data from the EDPEC DTC Survey in the 2018 Feasibility Test, we performed confirmatory factor analysis to group 15 evaluative survey items into composite measures. We examined internal consistency reliability, interunit reliability, and associations between each composite measure and patients' overall rating and willingness to recommend the ED.Principal FindingsAnalyses of 15 evaluative items identified four composite measures: Getting Timely Care, How Well Doctors and Nurses Communicate, Communication about Medications, and Communication about Follow‐up. Patient‐level internal consistency reliability exceeded 0.75 for two of four composites; ED‐level internal consistency reliability exceeded 0.83 for all four composites. Interunit reliability estimates indicated that 450 survey completes per ED results in at least 0.70 reliability for all composites. Higher scores on each composite were associated with higher overall ratings and willingness to recommend the ED.ConclusionsThe composite measures derived from the EDPEC DTC Survey are statistically reliable and valid. These results provide guidance for EDPEC DTC Survey adopters on how to construct meaningful and psychometrically‐sound composite measures for monitoring the quality of care they provide.
The Emerging Drugs Network of Australia: A toxicosurveillance system of illicit and emerging drugs in the emergency department
Authors: Smith Jennifer L , Soderstrom Jessamine , Dawson Andrew , Alfred Sam , Greene Shaun , Isoardi Katherine , McCutcheon David , Oosthuizen Francois , Ezard Nadine , Burcham Jonathon , Fatovich Daniel M ,   the EDNA Investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe unprecedented rise in synthetic drugs, many containing unknown toxic agents, has made timely analytical diagnosis more difficult, and has reduced the confidence of clinicians providing ED management to this population of patients. This has also impacted the quality of evidence informing harm reduction responses. The Emerging Drugs Network of Australia (EDNA) brings together emergency physicians, toxicologists and forensic laboratories to establish a standardised ED toxicosurveillance system in Australia.MethodsBlood analysis of intoxicated patients will be conducted by forensic laboratories to enable precise identification of the substances causing acute toxicity. This will be linked with clinical data collected at the time of ED presentation to enable analysis of the clinical effects and outcomes associated with different illicit and emerging drugs. Toxicological and clinical data collected across sentinel sites will align with a nationally endorsed minimum dataset.ResultsEDNA's collaborative network will establish a national system of surveillance and reporting of illicit and emerging drugs causing acute toxicity. Standardisation of data collection recorded in a national clinical registry will provide more robust data on epidemiology and associated harms. This will facilitate the translation of clinical and toxicological evidence into timely, appropriate harm reduction and policy.ConclusionOur work represents a collaborative response to calls for more sophisticated data on emerging drug trends in Australia. EDNA will improve coordination between clinicians and analytical services by way of its standardised approach to surveillance and reporting.
Time to amiodarone administration and survival outcomes in refractory ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Wissa Jessica , Schultz Brendan V , Wilson Daniel , Rashford Stephen , Bosley Emma , Doan Tan N 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveInternational guidelines recommend amiodarone for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF). While early appropriate interventions have been shown to improve OHCA survival, the association between time to amiodarone and survival remains to be established.MethodsIncluded were adult OHCA in refractory VF, between January 2015 and December 2019, who received a resuscitation attempt with amiodarone from Queensland Ambulance Service paramedics. Patient characteristics and survival outcomes were described. Factors associated with survival were investigated, with a focus on time from arrest to amiodarone administration. Optimal time window for amiodarone administration was determined, and factors influencing whether amiodarone was given within the optimal time window were examined.ResultsA total of 502 patients were included. The average (range) time from arrest to amiodarone was 25 (4–83) min. Time to amiodarone was negatively associated with survival (adjusted odds ratio 0.93 for event survival; 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.97). The optimal time window for amiodarone was within 23 min following arrest. Patients receiving amiodarone within the optimal time had significantly better survival than those receiving it outside this window (event survival 38.3% vs 20.6%, P < 0.001; discharge survival 25.5% vs 9.7%, P < 0.001; 30‐day survival 25.1% vs 9.7%, P < 0.001). Paramedic response time (adjusted odds ratio 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.92–0.99) and time from arrest to intravenous access (0.71; 0.67–0.76) were independent factors determining whether patients received amiodarone within the optimal time.ConclusionsEarlier amiodarone administration was associated with improved survival. Strategies aimed at reducing delay to amiodarone administration have the potential to improve outcome.
A relative‐motion method for parsing spatiotemporal behaviour of dyads using GPS relocation data
Authors: Luisa Vissat Ludovica , Blackburn Jason K. , Getz Wayne M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a novel method for classifying and computing the frequencies of movement modes of intraspecific and interspecific dyads, focusing in particular on distance‐mediated approach, retreat, following and side‐by‐side movement modes.

Besides distance, other factors such as time of day, season, sex or age can be included in the analysis to assess whether they cause frequencies of movement modes to deviate from random. By subdividing the data according to selected factors, our method allows us to identify those responsible for (or correlated with) significant differences in the behaviour of dyadic pairs.

We demonstrate and validate our method using both simulated and empirical data. Our simulated data were obtained from a relative‐motion, biased random‐walk (RM‐BRW) model with attraction and repulsion components. Our empirical data were GPS relocation data collected from African elephants in Etosha National Park, Namibia. The simulated data were primarily used to validate our method while the empirical data were used to illustrate the types of behavioural assessment that our methodology reveals.

Our method facilitates automated, observer‐bias‐free analysis of the locomotive interactions of dyads using GPS relocation data, which are becoming increasingly ubiquitous as telemetry and related technologies improve. It should open up a whole new vista of behavioural‐interaction type analyses to movement and behavioural ecologists.
Chronic low‐grade inflammation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Mesquita Thassio , Lin Yen‐Nien , Ibrahim Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently the predominant form of HF with a dramatic increase in risk with age. Low‐grade inflammation, as occurs with aging (termed “inflammaging”), is a common feature of HFpEF pathology. Suppression of proinflammatory pathways has been associated with attenuated HFpEF disease severity and better outcomes. From this perspective, inflammasome signaling plays a central role in mediating chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease progression. However, the causal link between the inflammasome‐immune signaling axis on the age‐dependent progression of HFpEF remains conjectural. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of inflammatory pathways in age‐dependent cardiac function decline. We will also evaluate recent advances and evidence regarding the inflammatory pathway in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, with special attention to inflammasome signaling.
Migrant entrepreneurs and firm innovation
Authors: Gao Jie , Wu Huiying , You Jiaxing , Smith Meg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examines the impact of entrepreneurs’ migrant background on firm innovation as measured by spending on research and development and by the number of patents. We find that entrepreneurs’ migrant background is positively related to firm innovation level, and that this relation is weakened by a less supportive environment. We also find that migrant entrepreneurs have a higher propensity to take risks than their local peers. Further analyses show that the relationship between migrant background and innovation varies in times of uncertainty and that entrepreneurs’ migrant background is positively associated with innovation quality, innovation efficiency and firm performance.
The impact of the Arts and Dementia Program on short‐term well‐being in older persons with dementia from Singapore
Authors: Tan Wan Jie , Lim Xavier Yan Heng , Lee Theresa , Wong Sze Chi , Koh Hwan Jing , Yeo Donald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of a locally developed Arts and Dementia Program on the short‐term well‐being of older persons with dementia in Singapore.MethodsSingle‐arm study with 21 persons with dementia. Behavioural tendencies and mood and engagement values were assessed using Dementia Care Mapping at baseline and during the program. The averaged mood and engagement value over the mapping period produced a well‐/ill‐being score for each person with dementia.ResultsWell‐/ill‐being scores were significantly higher during the program compared to at baseline. The behavioural tendencies most frequently captured during the program were creative expression, reminiscence and leisure. In contrast, there were more eating or drinking behaviours during the baseline. Analyses revealed that the changes in occurrences of reminiscence, leisure, and eating or drinking behaviours across time were significant.ConclusionsThe present study suggests potential benefits of the Arts and Dementia Program in enhancing the well‐being of persons with dementia.
Predicting potential habitat suitability of Quercus suber L. in Algeria under climate change scenarios
Authors: Laala Ahmed , Alatou Djamel , Adimi Amina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCork oak is one of the forestry species of major socio‐economic importance in western Mediterranean countries and in particular in Algeria. However, its conservation depends on the accurate estimates of its spatial distribution and a detailed knowledge of its ability to adapt to climate change. The purpose of this study is to model the potential habitat suitability for cork oak in Algeria with a view to determining the most vulnerable areas to climate change. Species distribution modelling (MaxEnt) was used to predict the potential current and future distribution of Q. suber under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios. The study results showed that the highly suitable areas for the current distribution of cork oak cover 20,640 km2. Future scenarios depict a slight reduction of those areas (−1.1 to 4.2%), with a general shifting in altitude. The environmental variable with highest gain when used in isolation was annual precipitation (Bio12), which therefore appears to have the most useful information by itself. Overall, the maps derived from this study are an important tool to help foresters geolocate sites where the climatic conditions expected for the region in the coming decades will be inadequate to the cork oak and select appropriate areas of cork oak forests to be preserved in Algeria.
Interaction between α1B‐ and other α1− and α2‐adrenoceptors in producing contractions of mouse spleen
Authors: Alsufyani Hadeel A. , Daly Craig , Docherty James R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe have investigated the interaction of α1‐ and α2‐adrenoceptor subtypes in producing isometric contractions to NA in mouse whole spleen. The α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (10−8 M) or the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (10−6 M) alone produced only small shifts in NA potency in wild type (WT) mice, but the combination produced a large shift in NA potency. In spleen from α1A/D‐KO mice, the effects of prazosin and the combination of prazosin and yohimbine were similar to their effects in WT mice. Hence, in α1A/D‐KO mice, in which the only α1‐adrenoceptor present is the α1B‐adrenoceptor, prazosin still antagonized contractions to NA. The α1A‐adrenoceptor antagonist RS100329 (3 × 10−9 M) produced significant shifts in the effects of higher concentrations of NA (EC50 and EC75 levels) and the α1D‐adrenoceptor antagonist BMY7378 (3 × 10−8 M) produced significant shifts in the effects of lower concentrations of NA (EC25 and EC50 levels). The effects of BMY7378 and RS00329 demonstrate α1D‐adrenoceptor and α1A‐adrenoceptor components and suggest that the α1B‐adrenoceptor interacts with an α1D‐adrenoceptor, and to a lesser extent an α1A‐adrenoceptor, at low, and an α1A‐adrenoceptor at high, NA concentrations. This study demonstrates the complex interaction between α1‐ and α2‐adrenoceptor subtypes in producing contractions of mouse spleen and may have general implications for α‐adrenoceptor mediated control of smooth muscle.
Detecting aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity in a tropical estuary using environmental DNA
Authors: Polanco F. Andrea , Mutis Martinezguerra Maria , Marques Virginie , Villa‐Navarro Francisco , Borrero Pérez Giomar Helena , Cheutin Marie‐Charlotte , Dejean Tony , Hocdé Régis , Juhel Jean‐Baptiste , Maire Eva , Manel Stéphanie , Spescha Manuel , Valentini Alice , Mouillot David , Albouy Camille , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEstuaries are characterized by a tidal regime and are strongly influenced by hydrodynamics and host diverse and highly dynamic habitats, from fresh, brackish, or saltwater to terrestrial, whose biodiversity is especially difficult to monitor. Here, we investigated the potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, with three primer sets targeting different regions of the mitochondrial DNA 12S ribosomal RNA gene, to detect vertebrate diversity in the estuary of the Don Diego River in Colombia. With eDNA, we detected not only aquatic organisms, including fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, but also a large diversity of terrestrial, arboreal, and flying vertebrates, including mammals and birds, living in the estuary surroundings. Further, the eDNA signal remained relatively localized along the watercourse. A transect from the deep outer section of the estuary, across the river mouth toward the inner section of the river, showed marked taxonomic turnover from typical marine to freshwater fishes, while eDNA of terrestrial and arboreal species was mainly found in the inner section of the estuary. Our results indicate that eDNA enables the detection of a large diversity of vertebrates and could become an important tool for biodiversity monitoring in estuaries, where water integrates information across the ecosystem.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Inhibition of MEK pathway enhances the antitumor efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cells against neuroblastoma
Authors: Tomida Akimasa , Yagyu Shigeki , Nakamura Kayoko , Kubo Hiroshi , Yamashima Kumiko , Nakazawa Yozo , Hosoi Hajime , Iehara Tomoko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDisialoganglioside (GD2)‐specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells (GD2‐CAR‐T cells) have been developed and tested in early clinical trials in patients with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. However, the effectiveness of immunotherapy using these cells is limited, and requires improvement. Combined therapy with CAR‐T cells and molecular targeted drugs could be a promising strategy to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CAR T cell immunotherapy. Here, we generated GD2‐CAR‐T cells through piggyBac transposon (PB)‐based gene transfer (PB‐GD2‐CAR‐T cells), and analyzed the combined effect of these cells and a MEK inhibitor in vitro and in vivo on neuroblastoma. Trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, ameliorated the killing efficacy of PB‐GD2‐CAR‐T cells in vitro, whereas a combined treatment of the two showed superior antitumor efficacy in a murine xenograft model compared to that of PB‐GD2‐CAR‐T cell monotherapy, regardless of the mutation status of the MAPK pathway in tumor cells. The results presented here provide new insights into the feasibility of combined treatment with CAR‐T cells and MEK inhibitors in patients with neuroblastoma.
Tissue factor and its procoagulant activity on cancer‐associated thromboembolism in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Satoshi , Koizume Shiro , Takahashi Tomoko , Ueno Makoto , Oishi Ritsuko , Nagashima Shuhei , Sano Yusuke , Fukushima Taito , Tezuka Shun , Morimoto Manabu , Nakamura Sho , Narimatsu Hiroto , Ruf Wolfram , Miyagi Yohei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPancreatic cancer frequently involves cancer‐associated thromboembolism, which is strongly associated with poor prognosis. Tissue factor, a blood coagulation factor largely produced in cancer patients as a component of extracellular vesicles, plays a key role in the incidence of cancer‐associated thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, no prospective studies have been published on the relationship between tissue factor and cancer‐associated thromboembolism or patient clinical characteristics, including recent chemotherapy regimens. Thus, we aimed to address this in a Japanese cohort of 197 patients and 41 healthy volunteers. Plasma tissue factor levels were measured by ELISAs preevaluated by tissue factor specificity. Multivariable analysis was used to identify independent predictors of cancer‐associated thromboembolism. We found that the cancer‐associated thromboembolism rate in the patient cohort was 6.6% (4.6%, venous thromboembolism; 2.0%, arterial thromboembolism). Tissue factor levels of 100 pg/mL or higher at patient registration were predictive of cancer‐associated thromboembolism, with positive and negative predictive values of 23.1% and 94.6%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that plasma tissue factor levels were an independent predictive factor for cancer‐associated thromboembolism, with a risk ratio of 5.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.02‐30.09). Unlike in healthy volunteers and patients without cancer‐associated thromboembolism, tissue factor levels were highly correlated with extracellular vesicles’ procoagulant activity in patients developing cancer‐associated thromboembolism. Taken together, our data show that the tissue factor levels at patient registration were a predictive factor for cancer‐associated thromboembolism in this cohort of patients with pancreatic cancer.
WEE1 inhibitor and ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3‐related inhibitor trigger stimulator of interferon gene‐dependent immune response and enhance tumor treatment efficacy through programmed death‐ligand 1 blockade
Authors: Wu Xue , Kang Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Xie Wan , Su Yue , Liu Xiaoyu , Guo Lili , Guo Ensong , Li Fuxia , Hu Dianxing , Qin Xu , Fu Yu , Peng Wenju , Jia Jiedong , Wang Changyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWEE1 plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle G2/M checkpoints and DNA damage response (DDR). Inhibition of WEE1 can increase the instability of the genome and have anti–tumor effects in some solid tumors. However, it has certain limitations for multiple cancer cells from different lineages. Therefore, we consider the use of synthetic lethal interactions to enhance the therapeutic effect. Our experiments proved that WEE1 inhibitor (WEE1i) can activate the ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3‐related (ATR) pathway and that blockage of ATR dramatically sensitized the WEE1i‐induced cell death. The tumor‐selective synthetic lethality between bioavailable WEE1 and ATR inhibitors led to tumor remission in vivo. Mechanistically, the combination promoted the accumulation of cytosolic double‐strand DNA, which subsequently activated the stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) pathway and induced the production of type I interferon and CD8+ T cells, thereby inducing anti–tumor immunity. Furthermore, our study found that immune checkpoint programmed death‐ligand 1 is upregulated by the combination therapy, and blocking PD‐L1 further enhances the effect of the combination therapy. In summary, as an immunomodulator, the combination of WEE1i with ATR inhibitor (ATRi) and immune checkpoint blockers provides a potential new approach for cancer treatment.
Attachment security predicts adolescents’ prosocial and health protective responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Coulombe Brianne R. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProsocial and health protective behaviors are critical to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic, yet adolescents have been difficult to engage. Attachment security promotes adolescents’ capacities to navigate stress, and influences prosocial and health behaviors. Drawing on a diverse sample of 202 adolescents (48% female; 47.5% Latinx) this study evaluated relations among attachment, mental health, and prosocial and health protective responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Attachment security (age 12) predicted adolescents’ (age 15) COVID‐19 prosocial (f2 = .201) and health protective behaviors (f2 = .274) during the pandemic via smaller‐than‐expected increases in mental health symptoms above pre‐pandemic levels (age 14). Findings highlight the importance of attachment for supporting adolescents’ mental health responses to life stressors and promoting prosocial and health protective behaviors.