bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Accelerators, as Education & Training Programs, on Female Entrepreneurs
Authors: Dams Carolina , Sarria Allende Virginia , Cornejo Magdalena , Pasquini Ricardo A. , Robiolo Gabriela 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Given the importance of entrepreneurship for economic development through social and economic transformation, entrepreneurship education and training (EET) is growing throughout the world. The research on EET is also expanding and there is a need to better understand the impact of EET on business performance and its differential effect in men and women. Accelerators are entrepreneurship EET programs. Based on human capital theory, the paper uses Accelerators to assess the impact of EET programs on startup business performance. Given that female entrepreneurs’ human capital attributes are different from those of men and that the various components of Accelerator programs have been found to produce a differential effect on women, the paper proposes that Accelerators have the potential to produce a more pronounced positive effect in startups founded by female founders. We test this conjecture by exploring the impact of Accelerators in startup fundraising, in which female entrepreneurs face a significant gap. Our results confirm that female entrepreneurs who go through Accelerators increase their chances of receiving Venture Capital financing and that the marginal effect is larger for female than for male entrepreneurs.
Special action on high quality development of renewable energy in Northeast China: market implementation initiatives and suggestions
Authors: Huang Chenyang , Zhang Xiaotian , Yu Jun , Wei Jianfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
China has set a new goal of reaching carbon peak by 2030 and becoming carbon neutralization by 2060. To achieve this goal as well as provide a strong and reliable energy supply for comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, special action is planning by Northeast China power grid (NCPG). Current situation of renewable energy in NCPG is introduced at first. As the primary method for renewable energy accommodation in Northeast China, the existing rules of ancillary services (AS) market are then analyzed. However, considering the rapid growth of renewable energy installed capacity, the existing market has some limitations. In this paper, we take the structural reform on generation side as thread and market demand as guidance. Initiatives and suggestions for high quality development of renewable energy in Northeast China are then proposed for each implementation stage. Through the improving of market rules, expansion of market scale and cultivation of new market entities, NCPG may realize full consumption of the generated renewable energy. The transition from generation side upgrade to the aggregation of source and storage and finally to the cooperation of source-grid-load-storage will be facilitated and accelerated.
Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark exhibited antimalarial activity by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay
Authors: Tumewu Lidya , Wardana Fendi Yoga , Ilmi Hilkatul , Permanasari Adita Ayu , Hafid Achmad Fuad , Widyawaruyanti Aty 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The antimalarial drug resistance is an obstacle in the effort to overcome malaria. The new alternative antimalarial drug became in great attention of urgent need. Current antimalarial drugs were derived from plants. Therefore, the plant is considering a potential source of new drugs. Cratoxylum sumatranum belongs to the Hypericaceae family contain xanthones and phenolic compounds, which was reported for their antimalarial activities. This study aims to determine the antimalarial activities of C. sumatranum extracts and fractions.

Methods

Cratoxylum
sumatranum stem bark (BP14-SB) collected from Balikpapan Botanical Garden in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, was extracted gradually with n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. All extracts were tested against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and followed by IC50 determination. The most active extract was further separated and tested for their antimalarial activities.

Results
The results showed that dichloromethane stem bark extract (BP14-SB-D) had the strongest inhibition of parasite growth with the IC50 value of 0.44 ± 0.05 μg/mL and moderately toxic with the CC50 value of 29.09 ± 0.05 μg/mL. Further fractionation of BP14-SB-D by open column chromatography using silica gel and gradient hexane–ethyl acetate obtained 12 fractions. LDH assay for these 12 fractions of BP14-SB-D showed that Fraction-6 (IC50 value of 0.19 ± 0.03 μg/mL) was performed the strongest inhibition of parasite growth, compared to other fractions. TLC identification showed that BP14-SB-D contains xanthone.

Conclusions
The dichloromethane extract of C. sumatranum stem bark (BP14-SB-D) and Fraction-6 from this extract exhibited antimalarial activity and the potential to be developed an antimalarial substance.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz
Authors: Suciati  , Poerwantoro Debora , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Ingkaninan Kornkanok 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease characterized by confusion, behavior changes, decline in memory and cognitive skills. One of the strategies in the treatment of AD is to use acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The current study aims to determine the AChE inhibitory activities of the extract and fractions of the root of Rauvolfia serpentina.

Methods
Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol, followed by liquid–liquid partition using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Further fractionation was conducted by using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The AChE inhibitory assays were performed by using Ellmann’s method. Phytochemical screening was carried out by TLC method.

Results
The ethanolic extract of R. serpentina showed inhibition against AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 7.46 μg/mL. The extract and fractions showed higher inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) compared to AChE. Amongst three fractions obtained, the n-butanol fraction showed the strongest inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.99 μg/mL against AChE. VLC fractionation of the n-butanol fraction yielded 13 subfractions (VLC 1–VLC 13). Four out of 13 subfractions gave more than 80% inhibition against AChE, namely subfractions 4–7, with IC50 values ranging from 4.87 to 47.22 μg/mL. The phytochemical screening of these subfractions suggested the presence of alkaloids.

Conclusions
The ethanolic extract, as well as fractions of R. serpentina root, are potential for AChE inhibitor. The alkaloid compound may be responsible for this activity.
Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from Ficus fistulosa leaves
Authors: Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah , Indriati Dwi Wahyu , Tumewu Lidya , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Nasronudin Nasronudin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is considered as a major immunosuppressive disease linked to malignancies and other opportunistic infections. Recently, the high prevalence of HIV drug-resistant strains required a high demand for novel antiviral drug development, especially in herbal medicine approaches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of Ficus fistulosa leaves can inhibit HIV replication in ethanol extract form as well as its fractions using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol solvents.

Methods

F. fistulosa leaves were extracted using ethanol as a solvent and further gradually fractionated in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol solvents. The targeted persistently infected virus (MT4/HIV) cell lines were cocultured with ethanol extract and fractions at different time points. The syncytium formation and cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate the potential antiviral activity of F. fistulosa leaves.

Results
One of the four tested extract/fractions showed antiviral activity against HIV. The ethanol extract showed weak inhibition with a high level of toxicity (IC50 = 8.96 μg/mL, CC50 ≥50 μg/mL, and SI = 5.58). Meanwhile, chloroform fraction effectively inhibited the MT4/HIV cell proliferation while keeping the toxicity to a minimal level (IC50 = 3.27 μg/mL, CC50 = 29.30 μg/mL, and SI = 8.96). In contrast of ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction showed no anti HIV activity with a high level of toxicity (CC50 ≥50 μg/mL) and low SI value (>2.17 μg/mL and >0.97 μg/mL).

Conclusions
Chloroform fraction of F. fistulosa leaves showed effectively as anti-viral activity against MT4/HIV cells.
The effects of quercetin on nicotine-induced reward effects in mice
Authors: Rahmadi Mahardian , Suasana Dian , Lailis Silvy Restuning , Ratri Dinda Monika Nusantara , Ardianto Chrismawan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Tobacco smoking remains the primary cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in the world. The complexity of the nicotine dependency process included the withdrawal effect that triggers recurrence being the main problem. Quercetin, known as an antioxidant, binds free radicals and modulates endogenous antioxidants through Nrf2 activations is expected as a potential agent to reduce the risk of nicotine dependence. This research aims to evaluate quercetin’s effects on reducing the risk of nicotine addiction.

Methods
Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) with a biased design was used to evaluate nicotine’s reward effects in male Balb/C mice. Preconditioning test was performed on day 1; conditioning test was done twice daily on day 2–4 by administering quercetin (i.p.) 50 mg/kg along with nicotine (s.c.) 0.5 mg/kg or Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) (s.c.) contained nicotine 0.5 mg/kg; and postconditioning test was performed on day 5 continue with extinction test on day 6, 8, 10, 12, and reinstatement test on day 13. The duration spent in each compartment was recorded and analyzed.

Results
Nicotine 0.5 mg/kg and CSE 0.5 mg/kg significantly induced reward effects (p<0.05). There was no decrease of reward effect during the extinction-reinstatement stage of the postconditioning phase (p>0.05), while quercetin 50 mg/kg both induced along with nicotine or CSE was able to inhibit the reward effect of nicotine (p>0.05).

Conclusions
Quercetin reduced the risk of nicotine dependence and has a potential effect to use as a therapy for nicotine dependence, especially as a preventive agent.
AST/ALT levels, MDA, and liver histopathology of Echinometra mathaei ethanol extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Kresnamurti Angelica , Rakhma Dita Nurlita , Damayanti Amitasari , Santoso Septiyan Dwi , Restryarto Enggar , Hadinata Wifqi , Hamid Iwan Sahrial 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Echinometra mathaei was known to have potential antioxidant activities because it contains of polyhydroxy-naphthoquinone (echinochrome and spinochromes). The antioxidant properties contributed to the hepatoprotective effect by binding to free radicals compound that causes oxidative stress and necrosis in the hepatocytes. The research aimed to determine the hepatorepair effects of the E. mathaei ethanol extract on high-dose paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats.

Methods
This research used a true experimental method. Thirty white male rats were divided into sixth groups, i.e., normal control group, group II–VI was induced paracetamol 2,000 mg/kg BW for three days. After paracetamol-induced, group III–VI was treated with curcumin 800 mg/kg BW, E. mathaei extract 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg BW for seven days. The hepatorepair parameter was obtained from AST/ALT, MDA tissue levels, and the number of hepatocyte necrosis cells. The data results were analyzed using the ANOVA test, followed by the LSD test to determine the difference between each treatment.

Results
The results showed that E. mathaei significantly (p<0.05) decreased the AST levels, MDA levels and the number of hepatocyte necrosis cells at a dose of 800 mg/kg BW per orally treatment.

Conclusions

The E. mathaei ethanol extract repaired the hepatic damage induced by paracetamol.
The effect of various high-fat diet on liver histology in the development of NAFLD models in mice
Authors: Rahmadi Mahardian , Nurhan Ahmad Dzulfikri , Pratiwi Eka Dewi , Prameswari Devita Ardina , Panggono Sisca Melani , Nisak Khoirotin , Khotib Junaidi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is exceptionally common around the world. The development of NAFLD is increasing rapidly in the world, along with changes in lifestyle. Excess lipid intake is one of the risk factors for NAFLD. The NAFLD model is induced by a high-fat diet contains SFA, MUFA, and ῳ-6 PUFA. This study aims to assess the effect of high-fat diet variation on liver histology in developing NAFLD models in mice.

Methods
Thirty-six male mice (Balb/c) were divided into six groups fed a high-fat diet containing beef tallow 60%, beef tallow 45%, vegetable ghee, animal ghee + corn oil, vegetable ghee + corn oil for 28 days and compared to a control group fed a chow diet. All of the mice were fed with a high-fat diet in the form of pellets ad libitum for 28 days. Bodyweight and food intake were measured every day. At the last day of treatment, animals were sacrificed and the Liver were taken for histological analysis.

Results
This study showed that NAFLD model development was achieved in all group mice fed a high-fat diet with different degrees of NAFLD. Beef tallow 60% had the worst liver histology.

Conclusions
Thus, based on this study, we found that high-fat diet variations influenced the development of NAFLD models in mice, particularly concerning liver histology.
Analysis of HMGB-1 level before and after providing atorvastatin standard therapy in coronary artery disease patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to without type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Handayani Widya , Suharjono  , Yogiarto Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesCoronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main causes of death from cardiovascular disease, because heart attacks result in atherosclerosis which causes narrowing of the arteries. Atorvastatin has a pleiotropic effect as anti-inflammatory through one of the target levels of High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1). This prospective observational study aimed to analyze the effect of atorvastatin on serum HMGB-1 levels in CAD.MethodsSamples were collected from prospective observation pre–post study in May–July 2018 with consecutive sampling method. Serum HMGB-1 levels were measured in patients with CAD who were given atorvastatin for CAD with type-2 diabetes mellitus compared without type-2 diabetes mellitus in a patient ward. Blood was collected on admission day and before the patient left the hospital. After centrifugation, serum samples were stored at −80 °C before measurement. We used an ELISA kit (IBL International) to determine HMGB-1 concentrations. This research protocol has been approved by the Ethical Committee of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya.ResultsWe enrolled 38 patients and divided them into two groups which 19 patients on CAD with type-2 diabetes mellitus and 19 patients without diabetes mellitus. Serum HMGB-1 levels in CAD with type-2 diabetes mellitus were increased significantly (p = 0.049) and not significantly decreased in CAD without type-2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.480). The HMGB-1 level was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.210).ConclusionsHMGB-1 levels after providing atorvastatin in CAD with type-2 diabetes mellitus increased significantly, meanwhile, in CAD without type-2 diabetes mellitus did not decrease significantly. The HMGB-1 level was not significantly different between the two groups. Longer time and more point for the collected sample needed for further research.
Adverse drug reaction and its management in tuberculosis patients with multidrug resistance: a retrospective study
Authors: Nilamsari Wenny Putri , Rizqi Muhammad Fajar , Regina Natasya Olga , Wulaningrum Prastuti Asta , Fatmawati Umi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to assess adverse drug reactions and their management in MDR-TB patients. Indonesia is the fifth highest country with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) high burden around the world. The number of MDR-TB patients in Indonesia is increasing every year, but the data regarding ADRs are still limited. Therefore, more data on their characteristics and their management is very valuable for clinicians and pharmacists.

Methods
The study is a descriptive study, using retrospective data of MDR-TB patients who completed therapy from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2015 at the Tuberculosis Outpatient unit at the Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Indonesia. Each adverse effect was judged with standards of the clinic and was documented in patients’ medical records.

Results
There were 40 patients included in this study. During therapy, 70% of patients developed at least one adverse drug reaction. The five most prevalent adverse effects found in this study were hyperuricemia (52.5%) followed by gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances (40%), ototoxicity (37.5%), hypokalemia (27.5%), and athralgia (12.5%). Managements that were undertaken to overcome the adverse drug reactions were adding symptomatic drugs and/or modifying the treatment regimen.

Conclusions
Because of the small samples we cannot attain a general conclusion. However, the result of this study is very imperative as this data gives us insight regarding adverse effects in MDR-TB patients in Indonesia.
Correlation between the exposure time to mobile devices and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes as one of the symptoms of computer vision syndrome among Senior High School students in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Loebis Rozalina , Subakti Zulkarnain Bambang , Zahra Nadhifa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a group of various eye and vision-related problems from prolonged use of mobile devices. Symptoms include dry eyes, blurred vision, eye strain, headache, and also neck and shoulder pain. This study was carried out to analyze the correlation between the exposure time of High Energy Visible (HEV) from mobile devices’ use and the prevalence of evaporative dry eyes in young age.

Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was done using quota sampling method for 100 High School students. Data collection was performed using questionnaire to identify daily use of mobile devices (hours) and duration for using mobile devices (years). A classification was determined as mild, moderate, and heavy HEV exposure. Evaporative dry eyes were diagnosed using tear break-up time test (TBUT) of less than 10 s for both eyes.

Results
Ninety-four students participated in this study. A total of 82 students (87.2%) experienced evaporative dry eyes. There were 11 students (11.7%) who had dry eyes with mild exposure, 18 students (19.1%) had dry eyes with moderate exposure, and 53 students (56.4%) had dry eyes with heavy exposure. A chi square analysis showed all HEV exposures have similar risk to the prevalence of dry eyes among High School students (p<0.05).

Conclusions
The risk of developing evaporative dry eyes, as one of the symptoms of CVS in young age with normal tear production, could be induced even with minimal exposure to mobile devices.
Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers
Authors: Anggraeni Sylvia , Umborowati Menul Ayu , Damayanti Damayanti , Endaryanto Anang , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Batik dyes contain irritant chemicals that increase the risk of skin barrier disruption. This study aims to determine the effect of Centella asiatica and ceramide in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration of the stratum corneum and skin acidity (pH).

Methods
This was a double blind clinical trial of 30 Indonesian batik workers who suffered from skin dryness, but had no clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis. Subjects were given cream containing C. asiatica or ceramide that formulated and randomly labeled by manufacturer (PT Paragon Technology and Innovation). Both subjects and researchers were blinded to the type of the cream. Cream was applied to the hands and arms twice a day. Biological function of the skin (TEWL, stratum corneum hydration level, and skin acidity) was examined by Cutometer dual MP-580. Baseline was recorded in the first examination, followed by second and third examinations at two and four weeks after treatment.

Results
After four weeks treatment, there were significant improvement of C. asiatica application in evaluation of corneometer palmar (p=0.007; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.001; CI 95%), and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.017; CI 95%). Ceramide application also gave significant improvement of corneometer palmar (0.038; CI 95%), skin acidity palmar (p=0.001; CI 95%), TEWL dorsum (p=0.023; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.002; CI 95%) and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.011; CI 95%). There were no significant differences of C. asiatica effectiveness compared to ceramide in skin barrier improvement.

Conclusions

C. asiatica and ceramide can improve skin barrier hydration in order to prevent the risk of contact dermatitis in batik workers.
In vitro and in silico analysis of phytochemical compounds of 96% ethanol extract of semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) leaves as a bone formation agent
Authors: Aditama Agnis P.R. , Ma’arif Burhan , Laswati Hening , Agil Mangestuti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Osteoporosis is the result of an imbalance in the rate of bone resorption and bone formation due to a decrease in estrogen. Phytoestrogens are plant compounds with structures and functions similar to estrogen. Phytoestrogens that bind to estrogen receptors in bone cells are able to modulate bone formation. Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) is a plant that contains phytoestrogens. The purpose of this study was to observe the expression of osteocalcin and predict the content of extract phytoestrogens through a computer simulation study to study the bone formation activity of the 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves on hFOB 1.19 cells.

Methods
hFOB 1.19 cells were cultured in 24-well microplates, and 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata Presl. leaves was added at 62.5, 125 and 250 ppm. The expression of osteocalcin was analyzed using CLSM immunocytochemistry. Using PyRx 0.8 software and 1ERE protein for molecular docking, the compound was analyzed by computer.

Results
The 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata Presl. leaves can increase the expression of osteocalcin, the optimal dose is 125 ppm, and p<0.05 is 881.658 AU. In silico study was obtained six compounds that showed similar activity 17β-estradiol as ER-β agonists.

Conclusions
The 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata Presl. leaves contain six compounds that are thought to be phytoestrogens and ER-β agonists, and play a role in increasing bone formation activity and have the potential to be used as an oral drug.
The crystal structure of 1,8-bis(4-methoxybenzoyl)naphthalene-2,7-diyl dibenzoate, C40H28O8
Authors: Kobayashi Miyuki , Iida Kikuko , Iitsuka Hiroaki , Li Kun , Yonezawa Noriyuki , Okamoto Akiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C40H28O8, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 27.0291(4) Å, b = 14.5593(2) Å, c = 7.95172(10) Å, V = 3129.20(7) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0276, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0690, T = 193 K.