bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of cloud-radiative feedbacks on tropical precipitation extremes
Authors: Medeiros Brian , Clement Amy C. , Benedict James J. , Zhang Bosong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough societally important, extreme precipitation is difficult to represent in climate models. This study shows one robust aspect of extreme precipitation across models: extreme precipitation over tropical oceans is strengthened through a positive feedback with cloud-radiative effects. This connection is shown for a multi-model ensemble with experiments that make clouds transparent to longwave radiation. In all cases, tropical extreme precipitation reduces without cloud-radiative effects. Qualitatively similar results are presented for one model using the cloud-locking method to remove cloud feedbacks. The reduced extreme precipitation without cloud-radiative feedbacks does not arise from changes in the mean climate. Rather, evidence is presented that cloud-radiative feedbacks enhance organization of convection and most extreme precipitation over tropical oceans occurs within organized systems. This result suggests that climate models must correctly predict cloud structure and properties, as well as capture the essence of organized convection in order to accurately represent extreme rainfall.
Sacrum morphology supports taxonomic heterogeneity of “Australopithecus africanus” at Sterkfontein Member 4
Authors: Fornai Cinzia , Krenn Viktoria A. , Mitteroecker Philipp , Webb Nicole M. , Haeusler Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe presence of multiple Australopithecus species at Sterkfontein Member 4, South Africa (2.07–2.61 Ma), is highly contentious, and quantitative assessments of craniodental and postcranial variability remain inconclusive. Using geometric morphometrics, we compared the sacrum of the small-bodied, presumed female subadult Australopithecus africanus skeleton Sts 14 to the large, alleged male adult StW 431 against a geographically diverse sample of modern humans, and two species of Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo. The probabilities of sampling morphologies as distinct as Sts 14 and StW 431 from a single species ranged from 1.3 to 2.5% for the human sample, and from 0.0 to 4.5% for the great apes, depending on the species and the analysis. Sexual dimorphism and developmental or geologic age could not adequately explain the differences between StW 431 and Sts 14, suggesting that they are unlikely to be conspecific. This supports earlier claims of taxonomic heterogeneity at Sterkfontein Member 4.
Awake suppression after brief exposure to a familiar stimulus
Authors: Bang Ji Won , Rahnev Dobromir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNewly learned information undergoes a process of awake reactivation shortly after the learning offset and we recently demonstrated that this effect can be observed as early as area V1. However, reactivating all experiences can be wasteful and unnecessary, especially for familiar stimuli. Therefore, here we tested whether awake reactivation occurs differentially for new and familiar stimuli. Subjects completed a brief visual task on a stimulus that was either novel or highly familiar due to extensive prior training on it. Replicating our previous results, we found that awake reactivation occurred in V1 for the novel stimulus. On the other hand, brief exposure to the familiar stimulus led to ‘awake suppression’ such that neural activity patterns immediately after exposure to the familiar stimulus diverged from the patterns associated with that stimulus. Further, awake reactivation was observed selectively in V1, whereas awake suppression had similar strength across areas V1–V3. These results are consistent with the presence of a competition between local awake reactivation and top-down awake suppression, with suppression becoming dominant for familiar stimuli.
Switching polymorph stabilities with impurities provides a thermodynamic route to benzamide form III
Authors: Kras Weronika , Carletta Andrea , Montis Riccardo , Sullivan Rachel A. , Cruz-Cabeza Aurora J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlmost 200 years ago, benzamide was reported as polymorphic with two of its forms (II and III) found to be difficult to crystallise. In a recent study, it was shown that benzamide form I can easily convert into benzamide form III using mechanochemistry in the presence of nicotinamide. Here we show, experimentally and computationally, that this transformation is the result of a thermodynamic switch between these two polymorphic forms driven by the formation of solid solutions with small amounts of nicotinamide. The presence of nicotinamide in the crystallisation environment promotes the robust and exclusive crystallisation of the elusive form III. These results represent a promising route to the synthesis and utilisation of elusive polymorphs of pharmaceutical interest.
Thioester synthesis through geoelectrochemical CO2 fixation on Ni sulfides
Authors: Kitadai Norio , Nakamura Ryuhei , Yamamoto Masahiro , Okada Satoshi , Takahagi Wataru , Nakano Yuko , Takahashi Yoshio , Takai Ken , Oono Yoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA prevailing scenario of the origin of life postulates thioesters as key intermediates in protometabolism, but there is no experimental support for the prebiotic CO2 fixation routes to thioesters. Here we demonstrate that, under a simulated geoelectrochemical condition in primordial ocean hydrothermal systems (–0.6 to –1.0 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode), nickel sulfide (NiS) gradually reduces to Ni0, while accumulating surface-bound carbon monoxide (CO) due to CO2 electroreduction. The resultant partially reduced NiS realizes thioester (S-methyl thioacetate) formation from CO and methanethiol even at room temperature and neutral pH with the yield up to 35% based on CO. This thioester formation is not inhibited, or even improved, by 50:50 coprecipitation of NiS with FeS or CoS (the maximum yields; 27 or 56%, respectively). Such a simple thioester synthesis likely occurred in Hadean deep-sea vent environments, setting a stage for the autotrophic origin of life.
Hidden bulk and surface effects in the spin polarization of the nodal-line semimetal ZrSiTe
Authors: Gatti G. , Gosálbez-Martínez D. , Roth S. , Fanciulli M. , Zacchigna M. , Kalläne M. , Rossnagel K. , Jozwiak C. , Bostwick A. , Rotenberg E. , Magrez A. , Berger H. , Vobornik I. , Fujii J. , Yazyev O. V. , Grioni M. , Crepaldi A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn non-magnetic materials the combination of inversion symmetry breaking (ISB) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) determines the spin polarization of the band structure. However, a local spin polarization can also arise in centrosymmetric crystals containing ISB subunits. This is namely the case for the nodal-line semimetal ZrSiTe where, by combining spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with ab initio band structure calculations, we reveal a complex spin polarization. In the bulk, the valence and conduction bands exhibit opposite spin orientations in two spatially separated two-dimensional ZrTe sectors within the unit cell, yielding no net polarization. We also observe spin-polarized surface states that are well separated in energy and momentum from the bulk bands. A layer-by-layer analysis of the spin polarization allows us to unveil the complex evolution of the signal in the bulk states near the surface, thus bringing the intertwined nature of surface and bulk effects to the fore.
Predicting Clinical Skills in Graduate Health Sciences Applicants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Reisfeld Nicole Duval , Kaplan Stacy Lyn 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
The primary purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the ability of admission measures to predict clinical skills in graduate students from a variety of health sciences fields.

Method:
Online databases were searched for research using application measures to make predictions regarding clinical skill development in graduate students in health sciences fields. Twenty-eight studies were included. Articles were analyzed to determine what, if any, admissions measures predicted academic and clinical success in those graduate health care sciences students as well as the generalizability of various authors' findings and consistency of results across the body of research reviewed.

Results:
Cognitive measures such as undergraduate grade point averages and standardized test scores, including the Graduate Record Examination, more consistently predicted academic outcomes than clinical outcomes in graduate health care students. Noncognitive measures such as essays, interviews, personality tests, and letters of recommendation were slightly better than cognitive measures at predicting clinical skills.

Conclusions:
Clinical skills are not well defined, leading to difficulty in developing targeted admission and outcome measures. In addition, it was difficult to compare outcomes of the research due to the wide variety of measures used to assess student potential at the time of admission and the wide variety of outcome measures used to assess academic and clinical proficiency.
Acoustic simulation of J.S. Bach’s Thomaskirche in 1723 and 1539
Authors: Boren Braxton B. 
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates an early acoustical theory of Hope Bagenal about the Leipzig Thomaskirche, where J.S. Bach composed and conducted from 1723 to 1750. Bagenal predicted that the church had a shorter reverberation time than previously in Bach’s time as a result of the Lutheran alterations to the space in the 16th century. This study uses on-site measurements to calibrate a geometric acoustical model of the current church. The calibrated model is then altered to account for the state of the church in 1723 and 1539. Simulations predict that the empty church in 1723 had a T30 value nearly one second lower than today, while the empty church in 1539 was much more reverberant than today. However, when the fully occupied church is simulated across all time periods, the difference in T30 is much smaller, with values at 1 kHz ranging from 2.7s in 1539, 2.5s in the present day, and 2.3s in 1723. These empirical data are crucial for understanding the historical setting of Bach’s music as heard by its original congregation and by its composer.
Ernährungstherapie onkologischer Patientinnen und Patienten mit Dysphagie
Authors: Bernhardt Kerstin 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungOnkologische Patientinnen und Patienten, die von einer Dysphagie betroffen sind, leiden häufiger unter Gewichtsverlust, Mangelernährung und einer reduzierten Lebensqualität 1. Kritisch wird es, wenn die Therapiefähigkeit eingeschränkt ist oder sich eine Aspirationspneumonie entwickelt. Die Ernährungsintervention sowie individuell hilfreiche Maßnahmen sollten im interdisziplinären Team abgestimmt, gezielt eingesetzt und professionell durchgeführt werden.
was-essen-bei-krebs.de: Fundierte Informationen und praktische Tipps zur Ernährung bei Krebs
Authors: Blumers Anne , Neubauer Sandra 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie gemeinnützige Informationsplattform www.was-essen-bei-krebs.de bietet von einer Krebserkrankung Betroffenen und ihren Angehörigen wissenschaftlich fundierte Informationen, Alltagshilfen, Rezepte und Selbsttests rund um das Thema Ernährung bei Krebs. Die Plattform engagiert sich für eine Abhilfe bei Beschwerden und Mangelernährung, für bessere Therapievoraussetzungen, mehr Genuss und kleine Freuden im Alltag.
Enzymsubstitution bei onkologischen Patienten mit exokriner Pankreasinsuffizienz
Authors: Pedros Frank Nicole , Scheerer Barbara , Erickson Nicole 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungVorgestellt wird der Fall einer 57-jährigen Frau mit einem Adenokarzinom des Pankreaskorpus. Dies erforderte eine operative Entfernung des Pankreas und in der Folge eine Substitution der Pankreasenzyme und des Insulins. Trotz guter Insulineinstellung und Compliance bei der Einnahme der verordneten Pankreasenzyme nahm die Patientin kontinuierlich ab. Wie kann hier eine Ernährungsberatung aussehen?
Ernährung bei Brustkrebs im frühen Stadium
Authors: Reudelsterz Christine 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungWährend der akuten Erkrankung sind starke Gewichtsabnahme und Mangelernährung bei Frauen mit Brustkrebs eher selten. Es besteht jedoch ein Risiko für eine Gewichtszunahme unter Chemotherapie, v. a. bei jüngeren Patientinnen, die vorzeitig in die Menopause versetzt wurden. Auch nach Abschluss der Therapie nehmen mehr als 50 % der überlebenden Frauen an Gewicht zu. Lebensstilmodifikation, Ernährungsumstellung und Bewegung können die Prognose verbessern.
Die ketogene Ernährung
Authors: Reuß-Borst Monika , Kämmerer Ulrike 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEs gibt bislang nur wenige Studien, die den Einfluss einer streng kohlenhydratreduzierten, sehr fettreichen, sog. „ketogenen“ Kost auf den Verlauf einer Krebserkrankung untersuchten. Da eine solche Kostform längerfristig Schwierigkeiten bei der Compliance zu Hause bereitet, ist ein supportiver Therapieansatz evtl. sinnvoller, weil er in Anlehnung an Fastenkuren mit den oxidativen Krebstherapien kombiniert werden kann.
Endoscopic spectrum and practical classification of small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) detected during double-balloon enteroscopy
Authors: Martinez-Alcalá Alvaro , Fry Lucía C. , Kröner Thomas , Peter Shajan , Contreras Carlo , Mönkemüller Klaus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Information about the endoscopic characterization of small bowel gastrointestinal tumors (GISTs) is limited. The aim of this case study was to describe the endoscopic spectrum of small bowel GISTs and to present a practical classification.
Patients and methods Observational, retrospective, consecutive case series of patients with small bowel GIST.
Results A total of 10 small bowel GISTs were found in patients (6 male, 4 female, mean age 52 years, range 28 to 68).). All patients presented with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (overt, n = 8, occult, n = 2). Most GISTs were present in the proximal or middle small bowel (n = 7). The endoscopic tumor characteristics could be categorized as follows: submucosal round (n = 4), submucosal sessile (n = 2), and invasive/penetrating) (n = 4). The mucosa overlying the tumor was normal (n = 4), grooved (n = 3) or frankly ulcerated (n = 3). Tumor size ranged from 8 mm to 50 mm. Biopsy was negative in all patients with normal mucosa but showed tumor in all patients with ulcerations. Regardless of biopsy results, all patients were sent for surgery. Nine resections were carried out. One patient refused surgery. There were no complications of endoscopy in this cohort.
Conclusion Our series shows that GISTs have a wider spectrum of endoscopic characteristics than previously described. The round type with normal overlying mucosa was equally prevalent as the grooved or ulcerated variant. Endoscopists should be aware of this wide spectrum of presentation of small bowel GIST.
Hemosuccus Pancreaticus and Obstructive Jaundice: Two Rare Complications of Chronic Pancreatitis Treated by Arterial Embolization
Authors: Abu Jhaisha Samira , Brozat Jonathan Frederik , Hohlstein Philipp , Wirtz Theresa H , Hose Josephine , Bündgens Lukas , Keil Sebastian , Trautwein Christian , Koch Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe formation of a peripancreatic pseudoaneurysm is a rare and serious complication of chronic pancreatitis. In this report, we present the case of a 56-year-old male with a history of alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis resulting in both hemosuccus pancreaticus and obstructive jaundice due to a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery that was treated successfully by angiographic coiling.
Punktion tief liegender Hämodialyseshuntvenen
Authors: Spindler Beate 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Nutzung einer tief liegenden Dialyseshuntvene zählt zu den schwierigen Punktionen. Diese werden i. d. R. von den besten Punkteuren eines Zentrums übernommen. Deren Erfahrungswissen und manuelles Geschick sind die Grundlage ihrer Entscheidungen. Welche Kanülenlänge nutzt man bei welcher Venentiefe? Welchen Einfluss hat der Punktionswinkel auf die zu wählende Kanülenlänge? Wie weit muss die Kanüle vorgeschoben werden, um sicher im Shunt zu liegen? Empfehlungen aus Leitlinien zum Gefäßzugang für die Hämodialyse, fundierte Kenntnisse über das Kanülendesign und der Satz des Pythagoras helfen bei der Entscheidung. Die Nutzung eines für die Pflege jederzeit verfügbaren Ultraschallgerätes und die ultraschallgesteuerte Punktion können den Pool der Punkteure wesentlich erweitern.
Ursachen der chronischen Nierenschädigung in Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen – Pathophysiologie und Therapiemöglichkeiten
Authors: Scurt Florian Gunnar , Bose Katrin , Canbay Ali , Mertens Peter R , Chatzikyrkou Christos 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEine akute oder chronische Nierenschädigung bei gleichzeitig bestehender Lebererkrankung stellt ein häufiges Problem dar und geht im weiteren klinischen Verlauf mit zahlreichen Komplikationen sowie einer gesteigerten Dialysepflichtigkeit und Mortalität einher.Die Prävalenz einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz (CNI) bei Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen ist hoch, nicht zuletzt wegen parallel bestehender Komorbiditäten (z. B. metabolisches Syndrom, chronische Entzündungsprozesse, Hyperkoagulabilität, Hyperfibrinolyse, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidämie usw.). Doch nicht jede chronische Verschlechterung der Nierenretentionsparameter lässt sich auf ein hepatorenales Syndrom zurückführen. Neben diesem sind die häufigsten Ursachen der CNI bei bestehenden Lebererkrankungen die diabetische Nephropathie, die alkoholassoziierte IgA-Nephropathie, die mit Hepatitis C assoziierte membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis und die mit Hepatitis B assoziierte membranöse Glomerulonephritis.Koexistente Erkrankungen, ähnlich bzw. parallel ablaufende pathophysiologische Mechanismen und überlappende Erscheinungsbilder stellen hinsichtlich der Ursachenfindung und entsprechenden Behandlung der CNI im Rahmen einer existenten Lebererkrankung eine Herausforderung an den Kliniker dar. Diese Übersichtsarbeit skizziert sowohl häufige als auch seltene Entitäten, die zu einer chronischen Nierenschädigung in diesem speziellen Patientenkollektiv führen, und zeigt einen Überblick zu therapeutischen Möglichkeiten.
Regenerative Surgery with Dental Implant Rehabilitation in a Haemophiliac Patient
Authors: Bacci Christian , Cerrato Alessia , Zanette Gastone , Pasca Samantha , Zanon Ezio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the first case of regenerative surgery in haemophiliac implant. Patients with haemophilia often present dental problems. A multidisciplinary approach is suggested in case of dental surgeries to reduce the high bleeding risk. A 41-year-old male patient with mild haemophilia A (FVIII 8.4%), presenting previous epistaxis, noncomplicated tooth extractions and traumatic haemartroses, all treated with single infusions of coagulation factor concentrates, was referred to the dental clinic of the Padua University Hospital based on the recommendation of his attending dentist. At first dental visit the patient reported intense pain in the right lower second molar, with impaired chewing function. After an endodontic unsuccessful treatment the element was judged as no longer recoverable. In agreement with the patient the dental element was then extracted, after a combined administration of recombinant factor VIII 3000 IU (35 IU/kg), and tranexamic acid 1,000 mg. The extraction was performed under local anaesthesia, paraperiosteal and truncular, moderate sedation, elevation of an envelope flap. After extraction, a preservation of the alveolus was carried out with bovine matrix bone graft covered with a resorbable membrane. Three months after the surgery a flapless implant was placed after a single infusion of factor VIII 2000 IU, tranexamic acid 1,000 mg, and a local para-periostal anaesthesia, without any complication. Oral surgeon and haematologist expert in coagulation diseases must therefore collaborate together to define a shared protocol for managing surgery in those patients.
Emerging Role of Immune Therapy in HCC
Authors: Stein Stacey M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a prevalent cancer diagnosis with an expected increase in incidence in the next decade. Treatment options for advanced disease have expanded significantly in the last decade since sorafenib was first approved in 2007. There have been approvals for multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with modest improvements in survival. Single-agent PD-1 inhibition has shown responses in ∼15% of patients, with a tail of the curve that is very beneficial to a small subset of patients. Most recently, studies of combination therapy with immune therapy drugs are showing more durable responses in a larger number of patients with unprecedented response rates over 30%. Different strategies have been pursued, including PD-1 and PD-L1 combinations with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition, TKIs, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. This article provides a review of studies both completed and ongoing with immune therapy in advanced HCC.
Weight Stigma across the Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Periods: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Model
Authors: Hill Briony , Incollingo Rodriguez Angela C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWeight stigma is a pervasive issue promoting significant adverse health and psychosocial consequences. Preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women are particularly vulnerable to weight stigma, which can directly impact their health and that of the next generation. Of note, weight stigma affects women living with obesity who are already at risk for developing gestational diabetes and experiencing associated stigmas. This narrative review aimed to examine the literature on weight stigma across the preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods, specifically to (1) synthesize the evidence using a socioecological lens; (2) develop a conceptual model of weight stigma tailored to women across this life phase; and (3) provide recommendations for future research. To date, weight stigma research across the preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods has focused predominately on pregnancy and antenatal care. The drivers and facilitators of this stigma are pervasive, occurring across various contexts and settings. Manifestations of weight stigma include decreased reproductive healthcare quality, mental health symptoms, poorer health behaviors, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Future research should further investigate the experiences of women preconception and postpartum, and health/social impacts beyond healthcare. The model herein will guide such research to ultimately identify opportunities for stigma reduction and improve multigenerational health and well-being outcomes.