bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A whole grain diet reduces blood pressure in overweight/obese adults 151; a randomized control trial (249.3)
Authors: Kirwan John , Malin Steven , Scelsi Amanda , Louis‐Kullman Emily , Haus Jacob , Kochhar Sunil , Godin Jean‐Philippe , Ross Alastair 
Published: June 2021

Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary whole grain intake is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. However, there are no Level‐1 data from randomized control trials (RCT) to support these observations. We performed a double‐blind crossover RCT in 40 sedentary overweight/obese (39.1±1.1 years, BMI: 32.5±0.7 kg/m2) adults to test the hypothesis that a whole grain diet reduces cardiovascular risk. Diets were provided based on meeting nutritional guidelines for fat, protein and carbohydrate (i.e. ~28, 18, and 54%) and contained either whole grain (50 g/1000 kcal), or refined grain. Each diet was provided for 8 weeks with an 8‐10 week washout period between diets. A total of 33 subjects completed the study. Mean energy intake, based on resting metabolic rate and a sedentary lifestyle activity factor, was similar between the whole grain and refined grain diets (2051.4±60.7 and 2032.8±60.1 kcal/d, P=0.46). Diets were also similar in macronutrient intake, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, sodium, and potassium. Compared to baseline, the whole grain and refined grain diets induced similar weight/fat loss (~2 kg, P<0.05). Both diets reduced cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (all P<0.05), but insulin was only reduced after the whole grain diet (P<0.05). Although both diets reduced systolic blood pressure by ~3.5 mmHg, the improvement in diastolic blood pressure (‐5.9±1.1 vs. ‐2.3±1.4 mmHg, P<0.05) and pulse pressure (2.6±2.1 vs. ‐2.5±1.6 mmHg, P<0.05) was significantly greater after the whole grain compared to the refined grain diet. We conclude that a whole grain diet reduces cardiovascular risk factors and produces a clinically significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure in overweight/obese adults independent of weight loss. Since diastolic blood pressure is a predictor of mortality in adults under the age of 50 years, increased whole grain intake may provide a protective nutritional prevention and treatment strategy for hypertension.Grant Funding Source: A grant‐in‐aid from Nestle and NIH UL1‐RR024989
Three doses of vitamin D on bone mineral density in older women: a pilot study (257.4)
Authors: Pop Liliana , Sukumar Deeptha , Schlussel Yvette , Schneider Steve , Stahl Theodore , Gordon Christopher , Shapses Sue 
Published: June 2021

Reports show that higher doses of vitamin D (vitD) intake than the recommended have no beneficial effect on BMD. In addition, both aging and weight loss reduce BMD. Our goal here is to determine whether vitD affects bone over 1 year in postmenopausal women who were counseled for weight control. Design: Fifty‐eight obese/overweight women (age, 58 ± 6 years; body mass index, 30.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 27.1 ± 4.4 ng/ml), were randomly assigned to one of 3 doses of vitD (A, 600 IU/d; B, 2000 IU/d; C, 4000 IU/d) with 1.2 Ca g/d. We analyzed 25OHD, parathyroid hormone and BMD and strength parameters by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Results: At 1 year, serum 25OHD levels differed between groups (p < 0.01) and increased to 30.4 ± 5.2, 35.8 ± 4.5 and 41.5 ± 6.9 ng/ml, in groups A, B and C, respectively. Weight change was similar between groups (‐3.0 ± 4.1%). There was no significant BMD changes from baseline at the hip, spine or radius, but there was a decrease (p < 0.05) for total volumetric bone mineral content (BMC) (‐0.9 ± 3.4%), trabecular BMD (‐1.3 ± 3.8%) and BMC (‐2.9 ± 9.9%). Also, vitD affected cortical thickness over time (p<0.05) showing a change of ‐0.07± 0.22, +0.02 ± 0.15 and +0.09 ± 0.21 mm, for groups A, B and C, respectively. In conclusion, the vitD dose‐response on serum 25OHD levels improves cortical thickness but does not affect BMD or strength parameters.Grant Funding Source: NIH‐AJ12161
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with anemia: a cross‐sectional study in healthy adults in the United States (260.3)
Authors: Smith Ellen , Alvarez Jessica , Martin Greg , Zughaier Susu , Ziegler Thomas , Tangpricha Vin 
Published: June 2021

Objective: We aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D status and anemia, hypothesizing that lower vitamin D status would be associated with increased risk for anemia, particularly anemia of inflammation.Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of the Emory/Georgia Tech Predictive Health cohort (n=638), a generally healthy adult cohort. Anemia was assessed via hemoglobin concentration. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of vitamin D status with anemia, controlling for significant covariates of anemia. Relationships between vitamin D status and subtypes of anemia were assessed.Results: Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) was significantly associated with anemia in bivariate analysis (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.43, 4.86). After accounting for an interaction between vitamin D deficiency and race, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with anemia in blacks (OR: 6.42; 95% CI: 1.88, 21.99), controlling for anemia covariates, but not in whites. When stratified by subtype of anemia vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with anemia of inflammation only (OR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.08, 8.91).Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with anemia, specifically anemia of inflammation in a healthy adult US cohort. Racial differences were observed in the association between vitamin D status and anemia.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: T32 DK 7734‐17, UL1 TR000454, T32 DK007298‐32S1, K23 AR054334, K24 RR023356.
Transferring an innovation in food and lifestyle education: adaptation of a French obesity prevention methodology in Australia (262.2)
Authors: Hartwick Carol Anne , Coveney John , Cox David , Meyer Samantha , Sue Roger 
Published: June 2021

Property of the UNESCO Patrimony of Humanity, the French food model (FFM) is founded upon taste, social conviviality and structure. EPODE, a community‐based obesity prevention program promoting the FFM in France, was developed in 2003 and has been disseminated globally, including to Australian communities. There is no literature informing on the conditions for such cross‐cultural methodology transfers.The objective of this study is to examine French and Australian cultural contexts (food habits, environments, etc.), how the EPODE and OPAL programs function within them, and to understand the conditions for transfer.Qualitative, case study approaches used focus groups, semi‐structured interviews, and observations in EPODE and OPAL communities in France and Australia with program coordinators, implementers, children and families.The findings show that, although the holistic food principles behind EPODE gave ground for its importation, they did not transfer to OPAL. French study participants hold unquestioned assumptions toward their own cultural particularities and therefore the French food principals were not included in the formalized EPODE methodology. OPAL used Australian, nutrition‐focused principals without question, in line with Australian evidence. Unexamined assumptions of one’s own culture may be a barrier to cross‐cultural methodology transfers and thus cultural principals should be examined, defined and taken into account.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Flinders University, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Effects of high oleic canola oil‐rich feeding on in vitro LDL proteoglycan binding affinity in individuals with at least two criteria for metabolic syndrome (269.5)
Authors: Jones Peter , Rudel Lawrence , Sawyer Janet , Hantgan Roy , Rempel Julia , Pu Shuaihua , Kris‐Etherton Penny , Liu Xiaoran , West Sheila , Couture Patrick , Lamarche Benoît , Jenkins David 
Published: June 2021

Dietary n‐9 monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) decrease metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors; however, whether consumption of novel vegetable oils high in MUFA affect LDL binding characteristics has not been determined. We utilized the Canola Oil Multi‐Centre Intervention Trial (COMIT), a human intervention study consisting of five dietary treatments differing in qualitative fat content, each treatment fed for 29 days and separated by a 4 week washout period. We evaluated the efficacy of three vegetable oil treatments from COMIT including corn/safflower oil (control), high oleic canola oil, and high oleic canola oil with DHA on plasma FA profiles, LDL cholesterol ester FA composition and in vitro LDL proteoglycan binding affinity. A multi‐centre, double blind, randomized, 3‐period crossover, controlled feeding study was conducted where subjects with MetS criteria (n=50) were fed isocaloric diets (50% CHO, 15% PRO, 35% FAT) containing three of the five treatments, each for 29 days. Plasma FA profiles at day 29 reflected the FA composition of each diet, suggesting high compliance to diet. Similarly, LDL cholesterol ester FA distribution mirrored the FA composition of the dietary fat at day 29, but not day 1, on each treatment. However, proteoglycan binding affinity values of LDL particles did not differ significantly across day 1 to day 29 for corn/safflower (‐2.46+3.63%) (mean+SEM), high oleic canola (‐6.47+1.95%) or oleic canola oil with DHA (‐0.52+2.85%). No difference was observed in binding affinity assessed at day 29 as a function of diet treatment. These data suggest that, despite the demonstration of diet induced shifts in LDL cholesterol ester FA patterns, n‐9 FA rich canola oil diets does not induce any change in LDL binding affinity compared with a n‐6 FA rich diet.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Canola Council of Canada/Agr Agr Food Canada and Canada Research Chairs program
Maternal adiposity in the absence of excessive gestational weight gain is associated with distinct changes in DNA methylation patterns in umbilical cords of infants (271.1)
Authors: Thakali Keshari , Saben Jessica , Faske Jennifer , Lindsey Forrest , Gomez‐Acevedo Horacio , Badger Thomas , Andres Aline , Shankar Kartik 
Published: June 2021

Maternal obesity has been hypothesized to lead to developmental programming of excessive weight and adiposity in offspring. In addition, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is also a demonstrated determinant of later‐life adiposity. We examined genome‐wide DNA methylation (Infinium® HumanMethylation450K BeadChip) in umbilical cords (UC) from lean (Ln, BMI<25) and overweight/obese women (OB, BMI蠅25) who gained weight within Institute of Medicine guidelines to specifically identify the epigenetic influence of maternal obesity. Offspring birth weight and infant adiposity at 2‐wk did not differ between groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis of CpG methylation against maternal fat mass at 12 wk while controlling for maternal age, mode of delivery, infant birth‐weight and sex identified 1,269 CpG sites whose methylation status was associated with maternal adiposity (p<0.05). Of these, 54% sites were located in 5’‐UTR and proximal promoter (‐1500 bp) regions. Gene ontology analysis identified processes related to fat cell differentiation to be hypomethylated and processes related to RNA stability to be hypermethylated in OB compared to Ln UCs. Our data suggest that maternal adiposity in the absence of excessive GWG is associated with epigenetic modifications of fetal tissue that may contribute to the development of obesity in offspring. Funding USDA ARS‐CRIS 6251‐51000‐007‐04S.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA ARS‐CRIS 6251‐51000‐007‐04S
Innovating nutrition education: the promotion of food appreciation and basic nutrition for school‐aged children at an international sporting event (273.1)
Authors: Hartwick Carol Anne , Moreno Luis , Fisberg Mauro , Hart Kathryn , Fielding Barbara , Boyle L. , Ferris R. , Lenham‐New Susan , Richards Zoe 
Published: June 2021

The Danone Nations Cup (DNC) is an international soccer tournament. It comprises 32 national final competitions and one world final event annually, involving more than 2.5 million school‐aged children from up to 40 countries.The Danone Institute International, a non‐for‐profit organization promoting human health, has designed an innovative approach to nutrition education for the multi‐cultural environment of the DNC. The objective of the program is to promote food appreciation and basic nutrition through interventions around taste, conviviality, food origins and basic nutrition.Qualitative thematic analyses of program pilot data (DNC World Final 2011, Spain), collected through focus groups and observations, suggest the program’s acceptability and feasibility. Children spent more time at the table and reported discovering new foods. They recalled key messages and expressed a desire to make changes to their food behavior at home. Children enjoyed sharing meals and activity experiences and many described the habits of children from other countries.A long‐term study (FitFood) has been designed and data were collected at the 2013 DNC World Final in London to further evaluate the program and to investigate children’s nutritional knowledge, social interactions around food, usual dietary intake, body composition and n‐3 fatty acid status in relation to dietary intakes. Analysis is underway using mixed methods in collaboration with the University of Surrey (UK).Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Danone Institute International
Pericyte dysfunction in blood brain barrier impairment caused by HIV infection (278.1)
Authors: Persidsky Yuri , Rom Slava , Dykstra Holly , Reichenbach Nancy , Winfield Malika , Ramirez Servio 
Published: June 2021

Studies performed over the last decade indicated that functional alterations of brain endothelium is the main factor in blood brain barrier (BBB) injury during HIV infection. However, other cells constituting the BBB (like pericytes) received almost no attention. We propose that pericyte dysfunction present in HIV infection can contribute to BBB compromise and progression of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). We used co‐cultures of primary human brain pericytes (BP) and human primary brain micsovascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) and human brain tissues of HIV infected patients to study alterations of pericyte function in chronic neuroinflammation driven by HIV infection. We found partial pericyte loss and down‐regulation of key receptors on these cells in brain tissue of HIV infected patients (even without detectable HIV in the brain) and in HIV infected ‘humanized’ mice that paralleled BBB compromise and neuroinflammation. BP treated with IL‐1β or TNFα demonstrated decreased secretion of angiopoetin 1 and transforming growth factor‐β1, diminished expression of platelet derived growth factor‐B receptor β1 and connexin 43 (critical for pericyte recruitment to BBB and gap junctions between BP and BMVEC). BP exposed to IL‐1β/TNFα showed enhanced expression of numerous pro‐inflammatory factors (relevant to HIV neuropathogenesis) and adhesion molecules paralleling increased adhesion of monocytes to pericyte monolayers. Using BBB models (composed of BMVEC‐BP), we showed increased monocyte migration across BBB constructs in response to the relevant chemokine, CCL2. IL‐1β/TNFα treatment of pericytes altered their ability to spread or migrate providing a potential mechanism for their decrease in brain tissue of HIV‐infected patients. These data point to a major decrease in barrier‐supporting function and enhanced inflammatory responses in brain pericytes after exposure to relevant cytokines and in brain tissues of HAND patients.Grant Funding Source: supported by NIH grants MH65151, AA015913
Dietary energy intakes in children with mental health conditions treated with second‐generation antipsychotics (371.8)
Authors: Barker Mikaela , Panagiotopoulos Constadina , Devlin Angela 
Published: June 2021

Second generation antipsychotics (SGA) are used to treat mental health conditions (eg ADHD, psychosis) in children. In some children, SGA‐treatment is associated with rapid weight gain and cardiometabolic dysfunction. The objective of this study is to determine if greater dietary energy intakes are associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic dysfunction in a cross‐sectional study of SGA‐treated (n=15) and SGA‐naïve (n=9) children. Children (6‐19 yrs) with mental illness were recruited through BC Children’s Hospital. Demographics, medical history, and anthropometrics were obtained. As all variables are normally distributed, means ± SD are reported. SGA‐treated children had higher zBMI (1.31 ± 0.79 vs 0.25 ± 0.86, P = 0.005) and waist circumference (cm; 79.83 ± 11.61 vs 64.90 ± 9.37, P = 0.004) compared to SGA‐naïve children, respectively. Three 24‐hour dietary recalls were conducted and analyzed to calculate energy intakes. A caloric ratio for each participant was calculated based on their mean 3‐day total energy intake (kcal) and their estimated energy requirement using the Dietary Reference Intakes equation. The mean caloric ratio of 0.92 ± 0.24 for SGA‐treated children and 1.11 ± 0.28 for SGA‐naïve children is not statistically significant. These findings suggest that differences in dietary energy intakes do not account for SGA‐related side effects in children.Grant Funding Source: Supported by BC Mental Health and Addiction Services
Serum folate concentrations and cancer risk in older U.S. adults in the post‐folic acid fortification period (384.5)
Authors: Ganji Vijay , Baldauff Regine , Zhang Xu 
Published: June 2021

Studies have reported an increase in total serum folate since the implementation of folic acid fortification on January 1, 1998. However, the literature published during the post‐folic acid fortification period is controversial with regards to the safety and potential risk for cancer in non‐target population. The association between serum folate and cancer in older US adults was investigated. Data from NHANES 1999‐2008 were used to form the study population. Among 7981 subjects who were aged >60y and had a measured serum folate from 1999‐2008, 1459 reported having cancer. Among 4007 women who were aged 60+ and had serum folate measured between 1999 and 2008, 288 reported a history of breast cancer. The study population was categorized into four equal‐size groups using the serum folate quartiles as cutoff values and odds ratio of having cancer was calculated between these four groups. Those over the age of 60y with the highest concentration (fourth quartile) of serum folate were 1.6 times more likely to have cancer than participants with lowest serum folate (first quartile) (P<0.001). Women over the age of 60y with the highest concentration of serum folate (fourth quartile) were 1.5 times more likely to have breast cancer compared to women with lowest serum folate (first quartile) (P=0.004). The presence of high total serum folate was related to an increased prevalence of cancer. Because of cross‐sectional nature of the data, the cause and effect relationship should not be inferred. Further research is warranted to investigate the cause and effect relationship between serum folate and cancer.Grant Funding Source: Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University
Lipid‐based nutrient supplementation during pregnancy decreases maternal cortisol in younger women (389.6)
Authors: Oaks Brietta , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Lartey Anna , Stewart Christine , Ashorn Per , Vosti Steve , Dewey Kathryn 
Published: June 2021

Background: High maternal cortisol during pregnancy is associated with negative birth outcomes. It is unknown whether nutritional supplementation during pregnancy might reduce maternal cortisol. Objective: To determine if cortisol at 36 wk gestation is lower in pregnant women receiving a lipid‐based nutrient (LNS) supplement vs. two other supplements. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of 1,320 pregnant Ghanaian women 蠄 20 wk gestation assigned to receive daily throughout pregnancy either: 1) 60 mg iron + 400 µg folic acid (IFA); 2) multiple micronutrients (MMN); or 3) 20 g LNS (containing 118 kcal, 22 micronutrients &amp; protein), designed for pregnant and lactating women (LNS‐P&amp;L). Morning salivary cortisol was measured at baseline and 36 wk gestation. Results: 691 women had a cortisol measurement at 36 wk gestation. There was no difference in final mean (±SE) cortisol among groups (LNS‐P&amp;L= 7.14 ± 0.02, MMN = 7.35 ± 0.02, IFA = 7.44 ± 0.02 nmol/L, p > 0.05), adjusting for time since waking, baseline cortisol, BMI, and education. However, there was an interaction between supplementation group and women’s age (p=0.01), with significantly different mean (±SE) cortisol among groups in women 蠄 25 y (LNS‐P&amp;L= 6.60 ± 0.03, MMN = 7.81 ± 0.03, IFA = 7.60 ± 0.03 nmol/L; p = 0.02 for LNS‐P&amp;L vs. MMN) but not in older women. Conclusion: LNS during pregnancy may be an effective method to reduce cortisol at 36 wk gestation in women < 25 y.Grant Funding Source: Funded by a grant to the University of California, Davis from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Types of liquids in Mexican infants’ diets: results from three National Health and Nutrition Surveys (393.1)
Authors: Gonzalez de Cosio Teresita , Escobar Zaragoza Leticia , González Castell Luz Dinorah , Rodríguez Ramírez Sonia 
Published: June 2021

Types of liquids in Mexican infants’ diets: Results from three National Health and Nutrition Surveys González de Cosío T, Escobar‐Zaragoza L, González‐Castell D, Rodríguez‐Ramírez S.Studies on infant dietary intake do not focus generally on the types of liquids consumed, which deter exclusive breastfeeding and relate to future obesity.Our objective was to describe the types of liquids present in Mexican <1y infants’ diets, by age and breastfeeding status (BFS).Methodology: We used 3 National Health & Nutrition Surveys (1999, 2006, 2012) and analyzed information on infant feeding practices for <1y‐olds by status quo.We calculated median age of consumption (MAC) of: plain water, formula, nutritive liquids (NL; thinned cereal‐based gruel with water or milk, coffee with milk, fruit juices) and non‐nutritive liquids (NonNL; sugared water, water‐based drinks, tea, beans or chicken broth, coffee, sugar‐sweetened soft drinks); and confidence intervals with boot‐strap method with 1,000 reps.Results: MAC for all liquid types was shorter than the recommendation by WHO (>6 mo); generally liquids tended to be consumed earlier in non‐breastfed (BF) than BF infants, differences not statistically significant. Water MAC was 3mo; 5 mo for NonNL, and between 5‐>11mo for NL. MAC differences between BFS among surveys were heterogeneous. Conclusions: Non‐breastmilk liquids are present undesirably early in Mexican infants’ diets; NonNL are consumed earlier than NL, highlighting that negative dietary practices in Mexican children set off early in life.