bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections, the Challenge Remains
Authors: Nawijn Femke , Hietbrink Falco , Peitzman Andrew B. , Leenen Luke P. H. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections (NSTIs) are uncommon rapidly spreading infection of the soft tissues for which prompt surgical treatment is vital for survival. Currently, even with sufficient awareness and facilities available, ambiguous symptoms frequently result in treatment delay.Objectives: To illustrate the heterogeneity in presentation of NSTIs and the pitfalls entailing from this heterogeneity.Discussion: NSTI symptoms appear on a spectrum with on one side the typical critically ill patient with fast onset and progression of symptoms combined with severe systemic toxicity resulting in severe physical derangement and sepsis. In these cases, the suspicion of a NSTI rises quickly. On the other far side of the spectrum is the less evident type of presentation of the patient with gradual but slow progression of non-specific symptoms over the past couple of days without clear signs of sepsis initially. This side of the spectrum is under represented in current literature and some physicians involved in the care for NSTI patients are still unaware of this heterogeneity in presentation.Conclusion: The presentation of a critically ill patient with evident pain out of proportion, erythema, necrotic skin and bullae is the classical presentation of NSTIs. On the other hand, non-specific symptoms without systemic toxicity at presentation frequently result in a battery of diagnostics tests and imaging before the treatment strategy is determined. This may result in a delay in presentation, delay in diagnosis and delay in definitive treatment. This failure to perform an adequate exploration expeditiously can result in a preventable mortality.
Urban-Rural Gaps in Breastfeeding Practices: Evidence From Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Wallenborn Jordyn T. , Valera Camille B. , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Sayasone Somphou , Odermatt Peter , Fink Günther 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Breastfeeding rates are decreasing rapidly in many low and middle-income countries, disproportionately affecting urban residences. We use data from Lao People’s Democratic Republic to identify primary mechanisms underlying the urban-rural gap in breastfeeding practices.Methods: We used data from the 2017 Lao Social Indicator Survey II. Residence was categorized as large-urban (&gt;1 million), small-urban (&lt;1 Million), and rural. Multivariable logistic regression provided odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify factors attributing to the urban-rural differences in complying with World Health Organization’s breastfeeding recommendations for children &lt;24 months.Results: Mothers in large-urban residences had 3.78 (95% confidence intervals: 1.19, 11.95) and 4.67 (95% CI: 2.30, 9.46) higher odds of non-compliance with exclusive and complementary breastfeeding recommendations, respectively, than mothers living in rural areas in bivariate models. Breastfeeding differentials between small urban and rural residences were largely explained by differences in maternal education and household wealth.Conclusion: Results of our paper suggest large disparities in breastfeeding practices between large-urban, small-urban, and rural residences.
Beyond Sea Turtles: Fusarium keratoplasticum in Eggshells of Podocnemis unifilis, a Threatened Amazonian Freshwater Turtle
Authors: García-Martín Joaquina M. , Sarmiento-Ramírez Jullie M. , Diéguez-Uribeondo Javier 
Published: September 2021

The endangered yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) has experienced a dramatic population decline in the Ecuadorian Amazonia, mainly due to overexploitation of its eggs. To reverse this trend, the Wildlife Conservation Society has developed a head-start program in Yasuní National Park since 2008, but the potential risk that microbes associated with its eggs might represent for hatching success has not been evaluated yet. Members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are involved in egg failure in sea turtles under natural and hatchery conditions, but their role in infecting the eggs of P. unifilis is unknown. In this study, we collected eggshells of P. unifilis and obtained 50 fungal and bacterial isolates. Some potentially pathogenic fungi of the genera Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus were identified based on molecular data. Most importantly, the sea turtle pathogenic species F. keratoplasticum not only was present, but it was the most frequently found. Conversely, we have also isolated other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas or Phoma-like species, producing a wide spectrum of antifungal compounds that may have a protective role against fungal diseases. Our survey provides useful information on potential pathogens found in P. unifilis eggshells, upon which the success of conservation programs may depend.
Bose–Einstein Condensation Processes with Nontrivial Geometric Multiplicities Realized via 𝒫𝒯−Symmetric and Exactly Solvable Linear-Bose–Hubbard Building Blocks
Authors: Znojil Miloslav 
Published: September 2021

It is well known that, using the conventional non-Hermitian but PT−symmetric Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian with real spectrum, one can realize the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) process in an exceptional-point limit of order N. Such an exactly solvable simulation of the BEC-type phase transition is, unfortunately, incomplete because the standard version of the model only offers an extreme form of the limit, characterized by a minimal geometric multiplicity K = 1. In our paper, we describe a rescaled and partitioned direct-sum modification of the linear version of the Bose–Hubbard model, which remains exactly solvable while admitting any value of K≥1. It offers a complete menu of benchmark models numbered by a specific combinatorial scheme. In this manner, an exhaustive classification of the general BEC patterns with any geometric multiplicity is obtained and realized in terms of an exactly solvable generalized Bose–Hubbard model.
PENGALAMAN ORANG TUA DALAM MERAWAT ANAK DENGAN ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
Authors: Puji Utami Ratih Dwi Lestari , Safitri Wahyuningsih , Bumi Pangesti Christiani , Rakhmawati Nur 
Published: September 2021

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) merupakan permasalahan perkembangan anak ditandai dengan rendahnya konsentrasi dan aktivitas berlebihan pada anak. Prevalensi ADHD meningkat setiap tahunnya. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi dan menangani permasalahan ADHD. Pendeteksian secara dini diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi ADHD sehingga pemberian terapi dapat diberikan lebih awal dan dapat mengurangi gejala ADHD, membantu anak berkonsentrasi, serta membantu anak memenuhi kebutuhan perkembangannya. Peran keluarga penting dalam upaya perawatan dan pendeteksian dini adanya ADHD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi pengalaman orangtua merawat anak dengan ADHD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak tujuh ibu yang memiliki anak ADHD diambil melalui teknik snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui indepth interview. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala dini yang muncul pada anak ADHD adalah keterlambatan dalam kemampuan bersosialisasi dan berkomunikasi, kesulitan mempertahankan kontak mata, hiperaktif, perilaku meniru, perilaku marah, dan keterlambatan motorik halus. Upaya perawatan yang dilakukan orang tua adalah pembatasan akses gadget, diet, penerimaan keluarga, pengawasan, dan terapi.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a child development problem characterized by low concentration and excessive activity in children. The prevalence of ADHD is increasing every year. Various attempts have been made to overcome and treat the problem of ADHD. Early detection is needed to identify ADHD so that therapy can be given early and can reduce ADHD symptoms, help children concentrate, and help children meet their developmental needs. The role of the family is important in the treatment and early detection of ADHD. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of parents caring for ADHD children. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, the research subjects are seven mothers who were taken by snowball sampling technique. The data collection using in-depth interview approach. The results showed that the early symptoms that appeared in ADHD children were delays in socializing and communication skills, difficulty maintaining eye contact, hyperactivity, imitating behavior, angry behavior, and fine motor delays. Parenting efforts are limiting access to gadgets, diet, family acceptance, supervision and therapy.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER EXTRACT ( X – HUMATE 85 ) AND APPLICATION METHOD ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF APRICOT TREES LABEEB-1 CV.
Authors: & et al. Kadhim 
Published: September 2021

This rsearch was conducted on apricot trees cv. Labeeb at the college of Agriculture – University of Baghdad/ Abu Gharib during the growing seasons 2013 and 2014, to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer extract and the method of application on growth and yield parameters, the extract was applied in the biggning of spring by two ways the first foliar application with three concentrations 1, 2 and 3 g.L-1 and second ground application 2, 4 and 6 g.L-1. The experiment were designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and Genstat program for statistical analysis. Results of the first season showed that the foliar spraying with high concentration gave highest values for branches length, leaf area and fruit set percentage (12.39 cm), (20.86 cm2) and (10.62%)respectively, while the ground application superior in the high level by gaving leaves dry weight was 45.64%, but the results completely differed in the second season. The foliar spraying with higher concentration caused high content of chlorophyll in the leaves during both seasons (28.68) and (31.22) SPAD unit respectively, while applying of extract in the soil with high level showed highest yield quantity (16.957 and 18.207 kg.tree-1) respectively for both seasons. Ground application was the best method for fertilization with X-Humate85 extract.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SPEED OF TWO PLOWS TYPES ON SOME MAGHINARY UNIT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Authors: Z. Amer K. 
Published: September 2021

This experiment was conducted to evaluate stadying the effect of different speed of two plows types on some machinary unit performance indicators. New Holland TD80 was used in this study.Three machinery speeds included; 2.72,4.34 and 6.23 km.hr-1 which represent main plot and two plows included; moldboard plow and disk plow which represent sub plot were used in this study. slippage percentage, practical productivity, Field efficiency, soil volume disturbs and fuel consumption were measured in this experiment Split plot design.The results can be summarized as Fallow; The 6.26 km.hr-1 speed gave higher practical productivity 0.31 ha.hr-1, higher soil volume disturbs 599.07
m3.hr-1,lowest fuel consumption 30.69 L.hr-1 and higher Field efficiency 60.89%. While speed 2.72 km.hr-1 gave lowest slippage percentage 8.69%.The moldboard plow on the disk plow gave lowest slippage percentage 9.48%, higher practical productivity 0.26 ha.hr-1, higher soil volume disturbs 514.89 m3.hr-1, higher Field efficiency 58.98% and lowest fuel consumption 33.77 L.hr-1. As for the significant of overlap between the speed 6.23 km.hr-1 and the moldboard plow it has impacted significantly in all traits.
RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF FABA BEAN TO PLANT SOURCE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
Authors: & Al-Baldawi Dhary 
Published: September 2021

A Field experiment was conducted during winter season at 2015 – 2016 at the experimental farm, department of Field Crop, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad / Jadriyah to investigate effect of Organic Fertilizers preparation from weed plants on various broad bean varieties behavior and relationships with seed yield and its components. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged according to split-plots used with three replicates including four organic fertilizers prepared from weeds Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Mallow (Malva rotundifolia), Purslane (Portulaca oleracea), European Heliotropic (Heliotropium europaeum), chemical fertilizer and control (without fertilizer) treatments, main plots included three varieties of Bean (Netherlands, Spanish and Locality ). The results showed that application of fertilizers significantly effect on studied characters, the treatment of Glycyrrhiza glabra gave higher rate of yield 3417 Kg ha-1, and There were no significant differences between Glycyrrhiza glabra and chemical fertilizer (NPK) at seed yield. Application of NPK showed highest No. of branches per plant, leaf area, thus reduction the flower portion percentage (4.02%) and increase pod numbers per plant and seed number per pod compared to control treatment. The results showed significant differences between varieties. The Spanish variety gave highest means of No. of branches per plant and leaf area per plant, thus reducing the flower portion and increase the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield 3231 Kg ha-1. The Netherland variety gave higher weight of 100 seeds 47.94 g than the other varieties. Also, the most of characters were significantly influenced by interaction between varieties and fertilizers.
EFFECT OF TWO ORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND NPK ON SOME VEGETATIV GROWTH TRAITS AND ROOT OF GRAPE TRANSPLANTS CV. SUMMER ROYAL
Authors: & Hadi Abdulraheem 
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted at the university of the University of Baghdad / Al-Jadireya during the seasons of 2016 to study the effects of applying the root stimulator Essential plus 1-0-1 and spraying of the Acadian seaweed and fertilizer (NPK) and their effects on the vegetative and root growth of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design with three replications .The experiment included 12 treatments, the first treatment (organic nutriment) (A0), included adding the root stimulator (Essential plus 1-0-1) to the soil with 4 ML.L-1 (A1) spraying the substance of the seaweed (Acadian) with of 1 g.L-1 (A2), and interaction (A3) and the second treatment was spraying with mineral fertilizer NPK (TOTAL GRO) with three concentrations (0,1.5,3 g.L-1) and were designated as B0,B1,B2.The organic nutrient treatment A3 significantly influenced all the measured characteristics as compared to the control treatment, as an increase of 84.38 % was achieved and 150 % for the leaf area of the transplant and the free amino acids, and root growth characteristics, as the length of the roots(39.26 %) and diameter of the roots (68.26%), as well as the surface area(26.04%) and the dry weight of the roots (48.71%).The mineral fertilization B1 and the B2 significantly impacted all the measured characteristics as compared with control , as the B2 treatment gave the maximum results in increasing the leaf area of the transplant (48.75) and the free amino acids (62.82%) and the root length (31.03%) and the roots diameter (57.05%) and the surface area of the roots (20.07%) and the dry weight of the roots (24.26%). A significant im provment was achieved in the vegetative and root growth characteristics by using organic nutriment with the mineral fertilization fcr grape transplants.
EFFECT OF EXPALNT TYPE AND SOME PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON CULTURE INITIATION OF STEVIA PLANTS IN VITRO
Authors: & Al-Obaidy Khierallah 
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of explant type and some plant growth regulators on culture initiation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro. The experiments included surface sterilization and test two types of explants (shoot tips and stem nodes) and the impact of KIN and BA and IAA and IBA in the cultures initiation. Results revealed the efficiency of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for disinfestation of explant at 0.050% concentration giving less contamination for shoot tips and stem nods (10% and 20% respectively). Results showed that shoot tips inoculated in MS medium plus KIN at 0.3 mg. L-1 was significantly increase the number of regenerated shoots as it produced 4.2 shoots per explant while medium without cytokinin (control) produced less number of shoots reached 1.4 shoots per explant. KIN treatment reduced shoots length as control treatment produced the highest length (6.74 cm). The interaction between the explant type and BA concentration was significantly increase the number of regenerated shoots as shoot tips produced 3.6 shoots per explant in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg. L-1. BA treatment reduced shoots length as control treatment produced the highest length (6.74 cm). No positive effect was gain when auxins (IBA and IAA) were added in combination with cytokinin in culture medium. The above results can be adopted to established stevia in vitro culture successfully.
ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND NORMALIZED DIFFERENT VEGETATION INDEX USING LANDSAT IMAGES IN SOME REGIONS OF DIYALA GOVERNORATE
Authors: & Al-Timimi Al-Jbouri 
Published: September 2021

Agriculture is the most important and most dependent economic activity and influenced by climatic conditions as the climate elements represented by solar radiation, temperature, wind and relative humidity. Therefore, is necessary that analyze and understand the relationship between climate and agriculture. The aim of this study to assessment the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for three regions of Diyala Governorate in Iraq (Al Muqdadya, Baladrooz, and Baquba) by through using of remote sensing techniques and geographic information system (GIS).The Normalized difference vegetation index NDVI and land surface temperature (LST) were used in two of the Landsat-5 ETM + and Landsat-8 OLI satellite imagery during the years 1999 and 2019. The results showed that increased in NDVI and decreased in LST for 2019, while for 1999 increased in LST and decreased in NDVI for the three regions. Finally, the regression was used to obtain that correlation between LST and NDVI. It was concluded that the correlation coefficient between NDVI and LST is negative, where the strongest correlation was 0.76 for Baquba and weakest correlation was 0.55 for Muqdadyia.
APPLICATION OF SOME SINGLE AND INTEGRATED INDEX EQUATION TO ASSESS HEAVY METAL IN DIFFERENT SOILS IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE
Authors: & et al. Aweez 
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to application of some single and integrated index equation to assess heavy metal in different soil within Erbil governorate. The 15 different locations (Bahare new, Newroz, New Hawler, Hesarok, Azadi1, Zen city, Atconz city, Pank village, Binaslawa, Darato, Qushtapa, Shaways, Kasnazan, Bahirka, Pirzin) were specifically selected to identify the effects of traffic activities on soil properties. Different heavy metal distribution patterns (As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn) were determined from distance 5, 25, 50m roadside. Soil pollution was assessed using many indices including: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), Ecological Risk Factor and Potential Ecological Risk Index.The results showed that concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in street dust ranged from (4.60, 1.80, 217.83, 62.14 and 215.18) mg.kg-1 which recorded in Qushtapa, Kasnazan, Atconze city, Hasarok5 and Zen city respectively. The contamination factor and degree of contamination of the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu ,and Zn of soil samples was indicating considerable contamination factor for Qushtapa moderate contamination factor for Kasnazan, while Atconze city, Hasarok5, Zen city showed very high contamination factor, while degree of contamination considerable low degree of contamination. According to the ecological risk factor and RI results Qwshtapa was indicate as low potential ecological risk, Kasnazan had moderate potential ecological risk while Hasarok5 and Zen city considerable high potential ecological risk, except Atconze considerable very high ecological risk, on the other hand for RI index shown considerable very high ecological risk recorded in Hasarok 5 soil samples.
Aplikasi Silsilah Marga Siahaan (Somba Debata) Berbasis Android
Authors: W Hartati Dyah , Nugroho Isadora , Siahaan Ricko 
Published: September 2021

<p>Tarombo adalah silsilah garis keturunan secara patrilineal dalam suku Batak yang sudah menjadi adat bagi masyarakat untuk mengetahui silsilah atau letak hubungan kekerabatan. Namun, adat ini mulai menghilang dari masyarakat suku Batak karena data keluarga yang sulit dicari, silsilah yang mulai meluas, dan proses pembuatan yang masih dilakukan secara manual dengan cara melakukan interview dengan ayah atau keluarga dejat tentang silsilah keluarag. Hal-hal tersebut menjadikan tarombo kehilangan daya tariknya dan menjadi latar belakang dari penelitian ini. Tujuan p..enelitian ini adalah membangun suatu sistem aplikasi berbasis Android yang akan menjadi media bagi para pengguna untuk dapat memiliki, membuat atau meneruskan silsilah keluarga serta memudahkan kita untuk mencari silsilah atau tarombo marga dan keluaraga. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem adalah metode watefall yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan model sistem adalah berupa <em>flowchart</em>, <em>Unified Modelling Language </em>(UML), <em>Class Diagram, Activity Diagram </em>dan <em>Squence diagram</em> serta dalam perancangan basis data menggunakan <em>PhpMyadmin</em>. Untuk mengimplementasikan sistem informasi silsilah marga Sahaan ini, dibutuhkan komponen pendukung agar dapat bekerja dengan baik. Komponen tersebut diantaranya menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP, Android dan Java, untuk penyimpanan data menggunakan database MySQL. Perancangan sistem ini diharapakan bisa membantu dan mengatasi permasalahan yang ada sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu aplikasi dengan fungsi utama sebagai media untuk membutuhkan informasi mengenai silsilah marga batak, khususnya marga Siahaan serta memberikan kemudahan dan kecepatan serta ketepatan pada pencarian yang diinginkan.</p>