bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self‐Limited Free‐Standing Sulfide Electrolyte Thin Film for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhu Gao‐Long , Zhao Chen‐Zi , Peng Hong‐Jie , Yuan Hong , Hu Jiang‐Kui , Nan Hao‐Xiong , Lu Yang , Liu Xin‐Yan , Huang Jia‐Qi , He Chuanxin , Zhang Jian , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAll‐solid‐state (ASS) lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered the most promising next‐generation batteries due to their superior safety and high projected energy density. To access the practically desired high energy density of ASS LMBs, an ultrathin solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) film with fast ion‐transport capability presents as an irreplaceable component to reduce the proportion of inactive materials in ASS batteries. In this contribution, an ultrathin (60 µm), flexible, and free‐standing argyrodite (Li6PS5Cl) SSE film is designed through a self‐limited strategy. A chemically compatible cellulose membrane is employed as the self‐limiting skeleton that not only defined the thinness of the sulfide SSE film but also strengthened its mechanical properties. The ionic conductivity of the SSE film reaches up to 6.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature, enabling rapid lithium‐ion transportation. The self‐limited SSE thin films are evaluated in various ASS LMBs with different types of cathode (sulfur and lithium titanate) and anode materials (lithium and lithium‐indium alloy) at both mold‐cell and pouch‐cell levels, demonstrating a stable performance and high‐rate capability. This study provides a general strategy for the rational design of an SSE thin film towards high‐energy‐density ASS batteries.
In Situ Synthesis of the Peapod‐Like Cu–SnO2@Copper Foam as Anode with Excellent Cycle Stability and High Area Specific Capacity
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Lu Bobo , Liu Xiangjiang , Gan Yi , Zhang Shichao , Shi Sanqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe theoretical specific capacity of tin oxide (SnO2) anode material is more than twice that of graphite material (782 vs 372 mAh g–1), whereas its potential usage is limited fatally by its huge volume expansion during lithiation. An effective solution is to encapsulate tin oxide into hollow structure such as yolk‐shell based on the principle of confinement. However, in light of the restricted space of active substance, this kind of hollow electrode always has the low capacity, severely limiting its commercial value. Herein, a peapod‐like Cu‐SnO2@copper foam (CF) as high area specific capacity anode based on the Kirkendall effect, in which the “pod and peas” in the peapod‐like structure are composed of SnO2 and Cu nanoparticles, respectively, is tactfully designed and constructed. Compared to other SnOx‐based electrodes with different hollow structure designs in published reports, the unique peapod‐like Cu‐SnO2@CF anode delivers a remarkably high first reversible capacity of 5.80 mAh cm‐2 as well as excellent cycle stability with 66.7% capacity retention and ≈100% coulombic efficiency after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm–2, indicative of its quite promising application toward high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Planar‐Coordination PdSe2 Nanosheets as Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lin Zhiping , Xiao BeiBei , Wang Zongpeng , Tao Weiying , Shen Shijie , Huang Liangai , Zhang Jitang , Meng Fanqi , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Zhong Wenwu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coordination environment is crucial for the activity of an electrocatalyst, which defines the interaction between the central and adjacent atoms. In traditional 2D MX2 (M = Mo, W, etc., X = S, Se), M is usually coordinated with 6 X atoms in either trigonal prismatic (2H) or octahedral (1T) polyhedrons. With such a coordination configuration, only the edge X sites exhibit activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, a planar‐coordination transition metal chalcogenide, PdSe2 is reported, as an efficient electrocatalyst for the HER in an alkaline electrolyte. By reducing the spatial polyhedron coordination to planar polygon coordination, the M sites in PdSe2 can be efficiently activated to interact with the adsorptive intermediates. As a result, both Pd and Se atoms act as active sites for hydrogen evolution with neutral adsorption ability. With an overpotential of 138 mV at 10 mA cm−2, this work advances the exploration of planar‐coordination HER electrocatalysts.
A Facile In Situ Surface‐Functionalization Approach to Scalable Laminated High‐Temperature Polymer Dielectrics with Ultrahigh Capacitive Performance
Authors: Dong Jiufeng , Hu Renchao , Xu Xinwei , Chen Jie , Niu Yujuan , Wang Feng , Hao Jianyu , Wu Kai , Wang Qing , Wang Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh‐temperature dielectric materials for capacitive energy storage are in urgent demand for modern power electronic and electrical systems. However, the drastically degraded energy storage capabilities owing to the inevitable conduction loss severely limit the utility of dielectric polymers at elevated temperatures. Herein, a new approach based on the in situ preparation of oxides onto polyimide (PI) films to high‐temperature laminated polymer dielectrics is described. As confirmed by computational simulations, the charge injection at the electrode/dielectric interface and electrical conduction in dielectric films are substantially depressed via engineering the in situ prepared oxide layer in the laminated composites. Consequently, ultrahigh dielectric energy densities and high efficiencies are simultaneously achieved at elevated temperatures. Especially, an excellent energy density of 1.59 J cm−3 at a charge–discharge efficiency of above 90% has been achieved at 200 °C, outperforming the current dielectric polymers and composites. Together with its excellent discharging capability and cyclic reliability, the laminate‐structured film is demonstrated to be a promising class of polymer dielectrics for high‐power energy storage capacitors operating at elevated temperatures. The facile preparation method reported herein is readily adaptable to a variety of polymer thin films for energy applications under extreme environments.
Direct‐Writing of 2D Diodes by Focused Ion Beams
Authors: Liu Yanran , Qu Yuanyuan , Liu Yue , Yin Hang , Liu Jinglun , Tan Yang , Chen Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectronic devices based on 2D materials have exhibited outstanding figures of merit. However, the fabrication of 2D diodes still relies on manual or semi‐automated handling processing. To unleash their commercial potential, the integration of 2D materials into a fully‐automated fabrication line is a critical step. Here, the focused ion‐beam writing as an automated approach to construct lateral diodes on a 2D heterostructure (MoSe2/G) consisting of graphene and MoSe2 is elucidated. Se‐defects generated by focused ion writing endow the 2D heterostructure with unique electronic properties, which allows for the construction of the barrier at the boundary of the writing and non‐writing region. Benefiting from this feature, the ion‐beam‐written heterostructure is used to realize rectifying and current regulating diodes. Exhibiting comparable performance to traditional diodes, the rectifying diode has a rectification ratio of ≈104, while the current regulative diode has a dynamic resistance larger than 4.5 MΩ. Furthermore, to illustrate practical applications of these diodes in digital logic electronics, AND and OR logic gates are directly inscribed on the heterostructure by ion beams. This work demonstrates focused ion‐beam writing as an additional strategy for direct‐writing of 2D diodes on graphene‐based heterostructures.
Nanostructure Engineering and Modulation of (Oxy)Nitrides for Application in Visible‐Light‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Dong Beibei , Cui Junyan , Qi Yu , Zhang Fuxiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract(Oxy)nitride‐based nanophotocatalysts have been extensively investigated for solar‐to‐chemical conversion, and not only allow wide spectral utilization to achieve high theoretical energy conversion efficiency but also exhibit suitable conduction and valence band positions for robust reduction and oxidation of water. During the past decades, a few reviews on the research progress in designing and synthesizing new visible‐light‐responsive semiconductors for various applications in solar‐to‐chemical conversion have been published. However, those on the effects of their bulk and composite (surface/interface) nanostructures on basic processes as well as solar water splitting performances to produce hydrogen are still limited. In this review, a brief introduction on the relationship between the nanostructure photocatalytic properties is included. Three main processes of solar water splitting are involved, allowing the elucidation of the correlation with the nanostructural properties of the photocatalyst such as surface/interface, size, morphology, and bulk structure. Subsequently, the development of methodologies and strategies for modulating the bulk and composite structures to improve the efficiencies of the basic processes, particularly charge separation, is summarized in detail. Finally, the prospects of (oxy)nitride‐based photocatalysts such as controlled synthesis, modulation of 1D/2D morphology, exposed facet regulation, heterostructure formation, theoretical simulation, and time‐ and space‐resolved spectroscopy are discussed.
Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss in Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Junwei , Xian Kaihu , Ye Long , Zhou Zhihua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs) have received considerable attention due to their broad and tunable absorption and high stability. Presently, lead chalcogenide CQDSC has achieved a power conversion efficiency of ≈14%. However, the state‐of‐the‐art lead chalcogenide CQDSC still has an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss of ≈0.45 V, which is significantly higher than those of c‐Si and perovskite solar cells. Such high Voc loss severely limits the performance improvement and commercialization of lead chalcogenide CQDSCs. In this review, the Voc loss is first analyzed via detailed balance theory and the origin of Voc loss from both solar absorber and interface is summarized. Subsequently, various strategies for improving the Voc from the solar absorber, including the passivation strategies during the synthesis and ligand exchange are overviewed. The great impact of the ligand exchange process on CQD passivation is highlighted and the corresponding strategies to further reduce the Voc loss are summarized. Finally, various strategies are discussed to reduce interface Voc loss from charge transport layers. More importantly, the great potential of achieving performance breakthroughs via various organic hole transport layers is highlighted and the existing challenges toward commercialization are discussed.
Copper‐Based Plasmonic Catalysis: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Xin Yue , Yu Kaifu , Zhang Lantian , Yang Yanru , Yuan Haibo , Li Hongliang , Wang Liangbing , Zeng Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the capability of inducing intense electromagnetic field, energetic charge carriers, and photothermal effect, plasmonic metals provide a unique opportunity for efficient light utilization and chemical transformation. Earth‐abundant low‐cost Cu possesses intense and tunable localized surface plasmon resonance from ultraviolet‐visible to near infrared region. Moreover, Cu essentially exhibits remarkable catalytic performance toward various reactions owing to its intriguing physical and chemical properties. Coupling with light‐harvesting ability and catalytic function, plasmonic Cu serves as a promising platform for efficient light‐driven chemical reaction. Herein, recent advancements of Cu‐based plasmonic photocatalysis are systematically summarized, including designing and synthetic strategies for Cu‐based catalysts, plasmonic catalytic performance, and mechanistic understanding over Cu‐based plasmonic catalysts. What's more, approaches for the enhancement of light utilization efficiency and construction of active centers on Cu‐based plasmonic catalysts are highlighted and discussed in detail, such as morphology and size control, regulation of electronic structure, defect and strain engineering, etc. Remaining challenges and future perspectives for further development of Cu‐based plasmonic catalysis are also proposed.
Aligned Electrospun PLLA/Graphene Microfibers with Nanotopographical Surface Modulate the Mitochondrial Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Li Min , Deng Wenshuai , Zhang Jun , Zheng Weiping , Yu Tao , Zhou Qihui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough electrospun polymer fibers with unique (bio)physicochemical features have been demonstrated to regulate cellular phenotype, their specific effect on organelles has not been examined closely. Herein, this work investigates the impact of aligned electrospun poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA)/graphene (Gr) microfibers with the nanoporous surface on the mitochondrial responses of human aorta smooth muscle cells. Highly aligned PLLA/Gr microfibers with an average fiber diameter of ≈1.3 µm are prepared via a novel stable jet electrospinning strategy. Nanoporous topography is formed onto individual fiber surfaces using highly volatile solvent dichloromethane and suitable ambient humidity. Further, it is found that the addition of Gr in PLLA fibers significantly facilitates the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as well as mitochondrial autophagy and division by upregulating the protein expression of microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3, mitochondrial fission 1 protein, and dynamin‐related protein 1. In contrast, the introduction of the nanoporous structure greatly inhibits the generation of mROS and ATP as well as mitochondrial autophagy and division. The work thus indicates that the incorporation of nanotopography and Gr in/on the PLLA fibers can offer additional physicochemical stimuli to regulate the mitochondrial responses of cells.
Multi‐Functional Metasurface: Visibly and RF Transparent, NIR Control and Low Thermal Emissivity
Authors: Safari Mahdi , Kherani Nazir P. , Eleftheriades Geroge V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRapid advances in metamaterial technology are enabling the engineering of wave–matter interactions heretofore not realized and functionalities with potentially far‐reaching implications for major challenges in the fields of energy conservation and radio frequency (RF) communication. A visibly and RF transparent composite metasurface utilizing dielectric–metal spectrally selective coatings with high near‐infrared control and low thermal emissivity is proposed, thus achieving a multi‐functional metasurface capable of enhancing fifth‐generation (5G) communication efficiency and exhibiting energy conservation features. The proposed meta‐glass yields 92% peak RF transmission at 30 GHz which corresponds to 20% and 90% enhancement when compared to plain glass and low‐emissive glass substrates. This meta‐glass possesses 86% peak optical transparency at λ = 550 nm, >60% near‐infrared reflection, and >80% mid‐infrared reflection which corresponds to ≈0.2 thermal emissivity. The proposed metasurface design is highly flexible and can be tuned to operate over different frequency ranges owing to its frequency scalability. This study provides a better alternative using earth‐abundant materials compared to low‐emissive glass based on indium tin oxide while boosting the efficiency of 5G communication amenable to window systems demanding simultaneous functionalities for emergent smart/energy‐efficient buildings/cities and autonomous transportation applications.
Actively Switchable Beam‐Steering via Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic‐Selective Design of Water‐Immersed Metasurface
Authors: Li Zhe , Wan Chengwei , Dai Chenjie , Zhang Jian , Zheng Guoxing , Li Zhongyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLiquid immersion on metasurface was earlier demonstrated to realize spectral control. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve tunable phase modulation and versatile beam‐steering performance, which are critical for practical optoelectronic devices. Here, a new liquid‐immersive mechanism with metasurfaces for active beam‐steering is proposed and experimentally realized. Based on the dielectric‐on‐metal nanostructure with selective hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, the switchable beam‐steering is initiated and successfully presented in the broadband visible regime with a large reflection angle of ≈±30°. Specifically, the beam diffraction direction is tuned between two opposite‐directional channels by water immersion or drying in a repeatable and controllable manner. The proposed straightforward tuning strategy enjoys great convenience in structural patterning and large‐area implementation, instead of requiring any complicated contact patterning or external modulation. This study provides an alternative optical platform for switchable beam‐steering functionality, which is promising for potential applications in tunable display, directional emission, sensing technologies, etc.
Identifying the Surface Charges and their Impact on Carrier Dynamics in Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Zhenghui , Liu Pai , Qu Xiangwei , Ma Jingrui , Liu Wenbo , Xu Bing , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe carrier injection and charge transfer at interfaces in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are commonly evaluated based on the energy levels of different functional layers. However, the actual charge dynamics in the experiments are found to be very different from the common expectations. In this work, QLEDs using 2,2′′,2′′′‐(1,3,5‐Benzinetriyl)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1‐H‐benzimidazole) (TPBi) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as electron transport layer (ETL) are studied by impedance spectroscopy. It was the first time to observe that the hole injection and electron injection start at different applied bias. In QLEDs with TPBi ETL, at an applied bias as low as 0.5 V, large amounts of holes have injected into the hole transport layer, while electron injection only occurs after the applied bias increased up to about 3.0 V. This is caused by the intrinsic accumulated negative charges in the quantum dot (QD) layer. The adverse impacts of the negative accumulated charges in QD layer are mitigated by replacing TPBi with ZnO. Hole injection and electron injection start at the same applied bias, or 1.7 V if ZnO replaces TPBi. Charge transfer and neutralization processes between QD and ZnO layers are adopted to explain the above results.
A Dimeric π‐Stacking of Anthracene Inducing Efficiency Enhancement in Solid‐State Fluorescence and Non‐Doped Deep‐Blue Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Nalaoh Phattananawee , Sungworawongpana Nathas , Chasing Pongsakorn , Waengdongbung Wijitra , Funchien Patteera , Kaiyasuan Chokchai , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTriplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) mechanism utilizing the conversion of low triplet energy excitons to generate singlet excitons has been successfully employed in realizing highly efficient fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, new anthracene‐based TTA molecules (TPNACN and TPBACN) are developed as deep‐blue emitters for high‐efficiency non‐doped TTA‐OLEDs. Their structural, physical, and photophysical properties are experimentally and theoretically investigated. These compounds in solid‐state exhibit different photophysical properties due to a discrepancy in the molecular packing. Particularly, in the crystal of TPNACN, anthracene moieties are arranged with dimeric π–π stacking, and the material shows a strong excimer emission in the deep‐blue region with ΦPL close to the ideal theoretical value. The non‐doped TTA‐OLED based on TPNACN attains a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.89% (6.63 cd A−1) with a low turn‐on voltage of 2.6 V, and displays deep‐blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.146, 0.101). These results prove that a separated dimeric π‐stacked molecular alignment of anthracene enhances not only the fluorescence efficiency in the solid state but also the ratio of singlet exciton harvested by the TTA process in the device, bringing about excellent device electroluminescent properties. This can be a new tactic to designing new emissive materials for efficient OLED devices.
Structural Dimensionality Modulation toward Enhanced Photoluminescence Efficiencies of Hybrid Lead‐Free Antimony Halides
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Han Meng‐Fei , Zhao Xue‐Jie , Ma Yue‐Yu , Jing Chang‐Qing , Pan Hong‐Mei , Li Dong‐Yang , Yue Cheng‐Yang , Lei Xiao‐Wu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRationally optimizing the photoluminescence performance via accurate structural modulation is one of most important and challenging issues for hybrid halides. Herein, a viable crystal dimensional reduction strategy is proposed to reasonably enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of hybrid antimony halide. Specifically, a synthetic technique is developed and new 1D [DMPZ]SbCl5 ∙ H2O (DP‐SbCl5) is sliced to 0D [DMPZ]2SbCl6 ∙ Cl ∙ (H2O)2 (DP‐SbCl6) with crystal dimensional reduction from infinite [SbCl5]2− chain to discrete [SbCl6]3− octahedron. Comparing with nonluminescent 1D DP‐SbCl5, 0D DP‐SbCl6 displays highly efficient broadband yellow light emission with enhanced PLQY up to 75.94%. First‐principles calculation demonstrates that 0D DP‐SbCl6 features more flat and narrow band structure, which promotes the photoelectron localization and increases the quantum confinement, and finally boosts the luminescence efficiency. Together highly efficient and ultra‐stable luminescence performance enable DP‐SbCl6 as excellent down‐conversion broadband yellow phosphor to successfully fabricate white light emitting diodes with a high color rendering index of 92. This work provides a novel structural modulation strategy of crystal dimensional reduction to rationally optimize the PL performance of hybrid metal halides.
Endothelin Inhibition Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy Revealing Mechanical Biomarkers Predictive of Response
Authors: Voutouri Chrysovalantis , Panagi Myrofora , Mpekris Fotios , Stylianou Andreas , Michael Christina , Averkiou Michalakis A. , Martin John D. , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy efficacy depends on T cell trafficking to tumors and migrating to malignant cells to kill them. One barrier to T cell homing is the tumor blood vessel wall, which inhibits T cell attachment and transmigration through the endothelin B receptor, but antagonizing this receptor has not led to a clinically approved drug. One reason may be tumor hypo‐perfusion, which limits the area of perfused vessels for T cell attachment. If collapsed vessels can be decompressed and re‐perfused by alleviating tumor stiffness, then endothelin B receptor antagonism can improve immunotherapy. Here, it is tested whether the nonselective endothelin receptor blocker, bosentan, by simultaneously interfering with endothelin A receptor induced fibrosis, can normalize the tumor microenvironment thereby acting as a “mechanotherapeutic.” Tumor stiffness is monitored with ultrasound elastography and nanomechanical properties with atomic force microscopy to find an optimal dose, which reprograms cancer‐associated fibroblasts resulting in reduced collagen thereby decompressing vessels. Through this mechanism, T cell association with tumor vessels increases and immunosuppressive hypoxia is reduced. Additionally, bosentan increases the CD8+ T cells proliferating fraction. Ultrasound stiffness measurements correlate well with response to immunotherapy, suggesting the potential role of ultrasound elastography as a predictive biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.