bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“String of pearls sign” on FDG PET imaging in two patients with PUO of diverse etiologies and rare associations
Authors: Yuvan Shrinivas , Palaniswamy Shanmuga Sundaram , Subramanyam Padma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) may be related to several pathologies that need to be identified for proper treatment. PET is found to have highest diagnostic yield in identifying various causes of PUO. The aim of this study is to highlight and justify the use of 18F FDG PET (Fluorine Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography) imaging as a whole body screening tool in two unique cases of febrile illness with lymphadenopathy but with diverse etiologies based on PET-guided biopsy. The unique arrangement of PET positive nodal disease as a “string of pearls sign” helps in easy identification of nodal disease.

Case presentation
The first case presented with fever and headache (past history of meningitis), high ferritin level, leukopenia, anemia, and raised inflammatory markers. CSF cell count was high, with mildly elevated protein and low glucose levels. PET positive nodes were biopsied; Kikuchi Fujimoto disease was confirmed with unexpected FDG avid pachymeningeal enhancements on PETMR indicating associated (active) meningitis which would have been missed if CT or MR was done as a standalone imaging. Lumbar puncture confirmed aseptic meningitis. The patient was treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, inj. methylprednisolone, and immunoglobulin together with hydroxychloroquine. The patient improved on follow-up. The second case presented with low-grade fever, pruritis, and nodular swellings in extremities, anemia, and pancytopenia. Based on PETCT findings, biopsy was attempted from FDG avid axillary nodes. Mantle cell lymphoma with rare nodular involvement of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue was confirmed. Chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy was initiated, and the patient is doing well clinically.

Conclusion
The clinical impact of PET is twofold in both cases. It has accurately identified the nodal involvement even those subcentimetric in size by exhibiting a unique sign on PET resembling a “string of pearls” in the neck and chest with unrelated diverse etiologies. Secondly, additional findings of meningitis in the first case and cutaneous/subcutaneous nodular lymphomatous deposits in the second patient were possible only with whole body FDG PETMR/CT imaging. The rate of additional disease detection by PET is found to be greater than other conventional imaging modalities due to the functional basis of investigation.
CODECHECK: an Open Science initiative for the independent execution of computations underlying research articles during peer review to improve reproducibility
Authors: Nüst Daniel , Eglen Stephen J. 
Published: March 2021

The traditional scientific paper falls short of effectively communicating computational research. To help improve this situation, we propose a system by which the computational workflows underlying research articles are checked. The CODECHECK system uses open infrastructure and tools and can be integrated into review and publication processes in multiple ways. We describe these integrations along multiple dimensions (importance, who, openness, when). In collaboration with academic publishers and conferences, we demonstrate CODECHECK with 25 reproductions of diverse scientific publications. These CODECHECKs show that asking for reproducible workflows during a collaborative review can effectively improve executability. While CODECHECK has clear limitations, it may represent a building block in Open Science and publishing ecosystems for improving the reproducibility, appreciation, and, potentially, the quality of non-textual research artefacts. The CODECHECK website can be accessed here: https://codecheck.org.uk/.
Modelling pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 testing in a university setting
Authors: Hemani Gibran , Thomas Amy C. , Walker Josephine G. , Trickey Adam , Nixon Emily , Ellis David , Kwiatkowska Rachel , Relton Caroline , Danon Leon , Christensen Hannah , Brooks-Pollock Ellen 
Published: March 2021

Background: Pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are important elements in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and there remains a reliance on testing to manage the spread of the disease. In the UK, many universities opened for blended learning for the 2020-2021 academic year, with a mixture of face to face and online teaching. Methods: In this study we present a simulation framework to evaluate the effectiveness of different mass testing strategies within a university setting, across a range of transmission scenarios. Results: The sensitivity of 5x pooled RT-qPCR tests appears to be higher than testing using the lateral flow device with relatively little loss compared to single RT-qPCR tests, and is improved by pooling by social cluster. The range of strategies that we evaluated give comparable results for estimating prevalence. Conclusions: Pooling tests by known social structures, such as student households can substantially improve the cost effectiveness of RT-qPCR tests. We also note that routine recording of quantitative RT-qPCR results would facilitate future modelling studies.
Electrically controlled 1  ×  2 tunable switch using a phase change material embedded silicon microring
Authors: Ali Nadir , Panepucci Roberto R. , Xie Yiwei , Dai Daoxin , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: March 2021

Phase change material

G
e

2

S
b

2

T
e

5

(GST) has recently emerged as a highly promising candidate for photonic device applications owing to its high optical contrast, self-holding bi-stability, and fast material response. Here, we propose and analyze a

1
×
2

tunable switch using a GST embedded silicon microring resonator exploiting high optical contrast during GST phase change and a high thermo-optic coefficient of amorphous phase GST. Our device exhibits high extinction ratios of 25.57 dB and 18.75 dB at through and drop ports, respectively, with just a 1 µm long GST layer. The two states of the switch are realizable by electrically inducing phase change in GST. For post phase change from amorphous to crystalline and vice versa, the fall time down the 80% of phase transition temperature is

∼

66

n
s

and

∼

45

n
s

, respectively. The resonance wavelength shift per unit active length is 0.661 nm/µm, and the tuning efficiency is 1.16 nm/mW. The large wavelength tunability (4.63 nm) of the proposed switch makes it an attractive option for reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits.
Rapid gemstone screening and identification using fluorescence
spectroscopy
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Han , D’Haenens-Johansson Ulrika F. S. 
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate a gemstone screening device based on fluorescence
spectroscopy. The device can be used to rapidly separate colorless and
near-colorless (

D

to

J

color grades) natural diamonds from
laboratory grown diamonds and diamond simulants, detect multi-treated
pink diamonds, and identify certain colored gemstones, such as
corundum, spinel, beryl, and zoisite. The device’s reflection fiber
probe enables testing of both loose and mounted gemstones with exposed
facet faces that are larger than 0.9 mm. The experimental prototype
demonstrates high accuracy for automatic diamond gemstone screening,
referring 100% of the laboratory grown diamonds and simulants tested.
The pink diamond screening algorithm can detect 100% of pink
multi-treated diamonds and laboratory grown diamonds. Finally, the
suitability of this device for the fluorescence analysis of corundum,
beryl, spinel, zoisite, garnet, and topaz was evaluated.
Combined effects of conditional cash transfer program and environmental health interventions on diarrhea and malnutrition morbidity in children less than five years of age in Brazil, 2006–2016
Authors: Souza Anelise Andrade de , Mingoti Sueli Aparecida , Paes-Sousa Rômulo , Heller Léo 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Governmental measures aiming at social protection, with components of disease control, have potential positive impacts in the nutritional and health outcomes of the beneficiaries. The concomitant presence of these measures with environmental sanitation interventions may increase their positive effect. The context of simultaneous improvement of social protection and environmental sanitation is found in Brazil since 2007 and an assessment of the combined effects of both programs has not been performed so far.

Objective
To evaluate whether interaction effects between improvement of access to water, sanitation and solid waste collection with the Bolsa Família Program [PBF] were related to better responses in the reduction of morbidity due to diarrhea and malnutrition in children less than five years of age, acknowledging the positive results of these improved conditions and the PBF separately in coping with these diseases.

Methods
Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed through Generalized Linear Models of the Negative Binomial type of fixed effects, with and without addition of zeros. Interaction models were inserted in order to evaluate the outcomes when the two public policies of interest in the current study were present simultaneously in the municipalities.

Results
Interaction with negative effect when a concomitantly high municipal coverage of the Bolsa Família Program and adequate access to sanitation and solid waste collection were present. In contrast, regardless of municipal coverage by the PBF, the simultaneous presence of water and sanitation (0.028% / 0.019%); water and solid waste collection (0.033% / 0.014%); sanitation and solid waste collection (0.018% / 0.021%), all resulted in a positive effect, with a decrease in the average morbidity rates for both diseases.

Conclusion
Investments aimed at universalizing water, sanitation and solid waste collection services should be priorities, aiming at reducing the incidence of morbidity due to malnutrition and diarrhea and preventing deaths from these poverty-related diseases.
Risk factors for 3-month mortality in bedridden patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia: A multicentre prospective study
Authors: Jiao Jing , Li Zhen , Wu Xinjuan , Cao Jing , Liu Ge , Liu Ying , Li Fangfang , Zhu Chen , Song Baoyun , Jin Jingfen , Liu Yilan , Wen Xianxiu , Cheng Shouzhen , Wan Xia 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundMortality among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is quite high; however, information on risk factors for short-term mortality in this population remains limited. The aim of the current study was to identify the risk factors for mortality in bedridden patients with HAP during a 3-month observation period.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted. In total, 1141 HAP cases from 25 hospitals were included in the analysis. Univariate and multilevel regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for mortality.ResultsDuring the 3-month observation period, there were 189 deaths among bedridden patients with HAP. The mortality rate in this study was 16.56%. Multilevel regression analysis showed that ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR = 2.034, 95%CI: 1.256, 3.296, p = 0.004), pressure injuries (OR = 2.202, 95%CI: 1.258, 3.852, p = 0.006), number of comorbidities (OR = 1.076, 95%CI: 1.016,1.140, p = 0.013) and adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score (OR = 1.210, 95%CI: 1.090, 1.343, p<0.001) were associated with an increased risk of mortality, while undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia (OR = 0.582, 95%CI: 0.368, 0.920, p = 0.021) was associated with a decreased risk of mortality.ConclusionsThe identification of risk factors associated with mortality is an important step towards individualizing care plans. Our findings may help healthcare workers select high-risk patients for specific interventions. Further study is needed to explore whether appropriate interventions against modifiable risk factors, such as reduced immobility complications or ventilator-associated pneumonia, could improve the prognoses.
The burden of hyaline membrane disease, mortality and its determinant factors among preterm neonates admitted at Debre Tabor General Hospital, North Central Ethiopia: A retrospective follow up study
Authors: Minuye Birihane Binyam , Alebachew Bayih Wubet , Yeshambel Alemu Abebaw , Belay Demeke Mesfin , Demis Asmamaw 
Published: March 2021

Background
Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm newborn babies. Though, there are studies related to Hyaline membrane disease inclusive of all neonates, studies related to the burden among preterm neonates were limited. In addition, increasing neonatal mortality in Ethiopia could be related to increase in the burden of hyaline membrane disease among preterm neonates. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the burden of hyaline membrane disease, mortality and its associated factors among preterm neonate admitted at neonatal intensive care unit, North Central Ethiopia.

Methodology
An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 535 preterm neonates admitted at neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2014-December 30, 2017. Data were entered into EPi-data 4.2.0.0 and transferred to STATA version 14 statistical software for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression was used for the analysis. All variables with P-value < 0.25 during bi-variable analysis were considered for multivariable logistic regression. Level of statistical significance was declared at P value ≤0.05.

Results
In the current study, proportion of hyaline membrane disease was 40% (95% CI; 35.8, 44.3) of which 49.5% died. Preterm neonate born with Gestational age of less than 34 weeks of age (Adjusted odd ratio (AOR = 2.64; 95 CI: 1.49, 4.66)), 5th minute Apgar score less than 7 (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.07), and newborn with birth weight of less than 1500 gram (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.3) were predictors of hyaline membrane disease.

Conclusions
The mean gestational age (±) was 33.46 (±2.55) weeks. The incidence of hyaline membrane disease among preterm admissions was high. Preterm neonate born with gestational age of less than 34 weeks of age, asphyxiated newborns and newborn with birth weight of less than 1500 gram were predictors of hyaline membrane disease. So, emphasis should be given on early screening, follow up and timely interventions for preterm neonate.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS RELACIONADOS A MEDICAMENTOS EM PACIENTES POLIMEDICADOS
Authors: Pereira Souza Aline Aparecida , Broetto-Biazon Ana Carla , Salci-Aran Tânia Pereira 
Published: March 2021

Apesar de ter como objetivo a melhora da qualidade de vida, a polimedicação está diretamente associada ao aumento da probabilidade de o paciente desenvolver problemas relacionados a medicamentos (PRM), podendo assim comprometer a eficácia e segurança do tratamento. Com isto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar o seguimento farmacoterapêutico em pacientes polimedicados usuários de um serviço de farmácia comunitária. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, de caráter quantitativo, realizado em uma farmácia escola localizada na cidade de Campo Mourão, PR. Foram incluídos 26 pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas e em tratamento com cinco ou mais medicamentos. O seguimento farmacoterapêutico foi realizado com base na metodologia proposta pelo método Dáder. Foram utilizados o Drugdex®, o Dynamed e o bulário eletrônico da ANVISA para avaliar as terapias. Os PRM foram classificados de acordo com Rovers e Currie e os critérios de Beers foram utilizados para identificação de medicamentos inapropriados para idosos. A maioria dos pacientes eram idosos (80,8%), portadores de três ou mais enfermidades e em uso contínuo de oito medicamentos em média. Foram observados 108 PRM (média: 4,9 PRM/paciente), os quais resultaram em 76 propostas de intervenções farmacêuticas aos pacientes. Dentre os PRM identificados destacaram-se os relacionados à segurança (40,7%), efetividade (35,2%) e reações adversas (27,8%). Entre os fatores que podem ser apontados como predisponentes para a elevada incidência de PRM, destacam-se a polimedicação, a idade avançada e a presença de doenças crônicas.
Mathematics Teachers’ TPACK Development Based on an Online Course with Geogebra
Authors: Bueno Rafael Winícius da Silva , Lieban Diego , Ballejo Clarissa Coragem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) development by mathematics teachers (preservice and inservice) that participated in an online course for developing educational apps and puzzles with GeoGebra. Theoretical foundations are based on the authors Punya Mishra, Matthew J. Koehler et al, regarding TPACK framework and Margaret Niess et al regarding the development of TPACK by mathematics teachers. The research method is qualitative, and to analyze the thoughts and ideas discussed by the participants, we used the Discursive Textual Analysis. In this regard, three representative categories were used to build the following metatexts: instructional approaches, classroom environment management and teacher’s professional development. Through the Discursive Textual Analysis, it was possible to understand the participants concerns in creating different instructional approaches using Information and Communication Technologies, once they realized that dealing with digital natives requires pedagogical innovations, supported by new technologies, and new ways to configure and manage classroom environments permeated by digital resources.
Uncertainty studies on hydrogen source term with MAAP5 code
Authors: Wang T.-C. , Lee M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present study, a methodology is developed to quantify the uncertainties of special model parameters of the integral severe accident analysis code MAAP5. Here, the in-vessel hydrogen production during a core melt accident for Lungmen Nuclear Power Station of Taiwan Power Company, an advanced boiling water reactor, is analyzed. Sensitivity studies are performed to identify those parameters with an impact on the output parameter. For this, multiple calculations of MAAP5 are performed with input combinations generated from Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). The results are analyzed to determine the 95th percentile with 95% confidence level value of the amount of in-vessel hydrogen production. The calculations show that the default model options for IOXIDE and FGBYPA are recommended. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) was used to determine the impact of model parameters on the target output parameters and showed that the three parameters TCLMAX, FCO, FOXBJ are highly influencing the in-vessel hydrogen generation. Suggestions of values of these three parameters are given.
Methodology for integral analysis of ATWS for Kuosheng nuclear power station
Authors: Chien H.-C. , Jsu K.-H. , Lin A.-S. , Lin H.-T. , Lin C. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An integral analysis methodology for BWR ATWS has been developed. The method covers main scopes about ATWS events, including radiological consequence, primary system integrity, fuel integrity, containment integrity, and long-term shutdown and cooling capability. The primary techniques about this methodology were described herein. The methodology has been applied on Kuosheng nuclear power station to show the applicability. Under this framework, some suggestions were proposed for further development of this methodology. This methodology can give a way to evaluate safety of BWR plants confidently. Further, it can be a tool for developing emergency procedures about severe accidents, or exploring strategies and checking their effectiveness.
On non-normal cyclic subgroups of prime order or order 4 of finite groups
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Han Zhangjia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we call a finite group

G

G

an

N
L
M

NLM

-group (

N
C
M

NCM

-group, respectively) if every non-normal cyclic subgroup of prime order or order 4 (prime power order, respectively) in

G

G

is contained in a non-normal maximal subgroup of

G

G

. Using the property of

N
L
M

NLM

-groups and

N
C
M

NCM

-groups, we give a new necessary and sufficient condition for

G

G

to be a solvable

T

T

-group (normality is a transitive relation), some sufficient conditions for

G

G

to be supersolvable, and the classification of those groups whose all proper subgroups are

N
L
M

NLM

-groups.
The crystal structure of (3Z,3′Z)-4,4′-((1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(pent-3-en-2-one), C18H24N2O2
Authors: Xiao Yingcong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C18H24N2O2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.088(10) Å, b = 8.911(14) Å, c = 16.44(3) Å, α = 81.772(17)°, β = 84.683(18)°, γ = 76.045(17)°, V = 855(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0511, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1858, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (morpholine-1-carbodithioato-κ2-S,S′)bis(triphenylphosphine-κ-P)gold(I), C41H38AuNOP2S2
Authors: Yusuf Tunde L. , Pillay Michael N. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , van Zyl Werner E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C41H38AuNOP2S2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.0821(2) Å, b = 12.9409(2) Å, c = 14.7183(3) Å, α = 76.207(1)°, β = 80.444(1)°, γ = 75.592(1)°, V = 1794.63(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0170, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0407, T = 150 K.
Variables in Designing a Workout
Authors: Kraemer William J. , Nitka Mike 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Strength and conditioning professionals need to remember the fundamental principles that their profession is based on. Workouts are composed of a host of decisions made, which have been called the “acute program variables.” Choices made within each of these variable domains will affect the stimuli that the workout provides to the body's physiological and adaptive needs.
Students' Sustainable Waste Management Behaviors: Comparison Between Vocational and Public High School
Authors: Utami Sagitaningtyas Susanti , Nuh Mohammad , Sentanu I Gede Eko Putra Sri 
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to comparing the behavior of high school students concerning sustainable waste management behavior between vocational and public school students. Management behaviors include waste prevention, reuse, recycling, green purchasing and waste disposal. The analysis uses a multivariate of covariance (MANCOVA) that the data collected by questionnaire involving 347 high school students in Tulungagung Regency. The findings presented here based on ProtectionÂ MotivationÂ Theory (PMT), from both types of schools it shows that threat appraisal has a significantly more influence on studentâ€™s participation in Sustainable Waste Management Behaviors (SWMBs) than Coping appraisal in the level of significance 5%. Furthermore, it is also revealed that there are significant differentiation (p<0,05) SWMBs between the students of SMK 3 Boyolangu and SMA 1 Tulungagung. In order for students to understand the value of action and know which actions will mitigate waste effects, awareness must be provided to different forms of sustainable action strategies and the severity of waste disposal issues.