bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Thinking: A Principle-Based Concept Analysis in the Context of Uncertainty in Chronic Illness
Authors: Meichlinger Jasmin , Kobleder Andrea , Mayer Hanna 
Published: September 2021

Background and PurposeThe Reconceptualized Uncertainty in Illness Theory (RUIT) includes the concept of “probabilistic thinking” intending to explain the positive reappraisal of uncertainty in chronic illness. However, the description of the concept is vague, thereby limiting the understanding of the theory. Thus, the aim was to develop a theoretical definition of probabilistic thinking in order to increase the explanatory value of RUIT.MethodsWe conducted a principle-based concept analysis by means of a conceptually driven literature search. Methods consisted of database, dictionary, lexicon, and free web searching as well as citation tracking. We analyzed the concept in terms of (a) epistemology, (b) pragmatics, (c) logic, and (d) linguistics.ResultsThe final data set included 27 publications, 14 of them from nursing. (a) Probabilistic thinking is a coping strategy to handle uncertainty. It involves a focus on either possibilities (in nursing) or probabilities (in other disciplines). (b) There is a lack of operationalization in nursing, though three measurements focusing the handling of probabilities are offered in psychology. (c) Nursing authors interpreting probabilistic thinking as accepted uncertainty lacked logical appropriateness, since probability negotiates uncertainty. (d) Probabilistic thinking is used synonymously with positive thinking and probabilistic reasoning.Implications for PracticeNurses working with chronically ill patients should consider the findings for the application of RUIT. They should recognize whether uncertainty is perceived as a danger and encourage probabilistic thinking. Efforts are necessary to achieve a common language between nursing and other disciplines in order to avoid misunderstandings in clinical practice and research.
Part 2: New Graduate Nurse Transition Into the Intensive Care Unit: Summative Insights From a Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Lalonde Michelle , Smith Cheryl Anne , Wong Sandra , Bentz Jamie Anne , Vanderspank-Wright Brandi 
Published: September 2021

Background and PurposeTo address the nursing shortage, it is increasingly common for hospitals to hire new graduate nurses into intensive care units (ICU). New graduates in intensive care likely experience needs beyond those of their peers outside of critical care contexts. Yet, relatively little is known about the experiences of this unique population. The purpose of this study was to explore the transition experience of a cohort of new graduate nurses in the ICU over a 2-year period.MethodsA longitudinal mixed-methods convergent design using a purposive and convenience sample of new graduate nurses working in an ICU. Surveys were administered and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted at four points in time over a 2-year period.ResultsParticipants identified a number of skills that remained difficult, as well as less comfort in performing a number of nursing interventions, over the four time points. In addition, they highlighted a decline in their perception of receiving encouragement and feedback from their manager. Participants identified that a lack of confidence was a barrier to transition and that improved orientation and work environment could further support them in their journey. Certain aspects of their work environment, such as peer support, were identified as most satisfying, whereas the environment and system were least satisfying.Implications for PracticeThe results provide a greater understanding of the transition experienced by new graduate nurses in the ICU. In addition, the results may provide the ICU leadership team with potential areas to further support the transition of new graduates within this critical care environment.
High-Resolution Compositional Reservoir Simulation with Dynamic Coarsening and Local Timestepping for Unstructured Grids
Authors: Klemetsdal Ø. S. , Møyner O. , Moncorgé A. , Nilsen H. M. , Lie K-.A. 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Numerical smearing is oftentimes a challenge in reservoir simulation, particularly for complex tertiary recovery strategies. We present a new high-resolution method that uses dynamic coarsening of a fine underlying grid in combination with local timestepping to provide resolution in time and space. The method can be applied to stratigraphic and general unstructured grids, is efficient, introduces minimal computational overhead, and is applicable to flow models seen in practical reservoir engineering. Technically, the method is based on three concepts:
Sequential splitting of the flow equations into a pressure equation and a system of transport equations Dynamic coarsening in which we temporarily coarsen the grid locally by aggregating cells into coarse blocks according to cell-wise indicators on the basis of residuals (gradients and other measures of spatial and temporal changes can also be used) Asynchronous local timestepping that traverses cells/coarse blocks in the direction of flow
We assess the applicability of the method through a set of representative cases, ranging from conceptual to realistic, with complex fluid physics and reservoir geology, and demonstrate that the method can be used to reduce computational time and still retain high resolution in spatial/temporal zones and quantities of interest.
NOTE: This paper is published as part of the 2021 SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference Special Issue.
High Value Utilization of Fern Extracts For Fabrication of Copper Nanoparticles: A Potent And Affordable Candidate For Water Treatment, Water Disinfection, Antioxidant Activity And Theranostic Agent.
Authors: Sinha Tanur , Adhikari Partha Pradip , Bhandari Vinay M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study reports a simple, green, and large–scale biosynthetic fabrication of spherical copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs), approximate 28 nm, using the aqueous extracts of Diaplazium esulentum (Retz.) Sw. fern. Characterization was carried out for morphology, size, elemental analysis, crystallinity and for identification of functionalities responsible for reduction and stabilization. Extraordinary remediation efficiency was obtained for the developed Cu NPs for the elimination of two industrially important pollutants; Methyl Violet 6B and Methylene Blue (greater than 92 % within 150 mins). A mechanism was postulated for the process using the data on the identification of NPs and also spent NPs apart from degraded products.Furthermore, the Cu NPs revealed excellent antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis, as well as gram negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and potential action against fungal strains; Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.Additionally, the assay depicted that Cu NPs has fairly decent radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 2.11 mM. Moreover, the Cu NPs were found to exhibit profound anticancerous activity against two human cancer line cells.The present research work has implications for exploitation of DE fern extract for the development of Cu NPs and their numerous applications ranging from pollutants removal to antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancerous agents.
Ventricular Fibrillation After Release of an Aortic Cross-Clamp in Valvular Surgery: Independent Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Incidence from Access Routes
Authors: LI Weichao , li heng , Gong Jianping , Liu Weihua , Fu BaoJun , Jiang Jingjing , Wang Jianqiang , Tu Jiayu , Zhu Guiheng , Lin Kai , Pan Xuee , Huang YiZhou , Lin ZongHang , Wu XiaoWen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Predictors and clinical outcomes of VF-ACC and the relative VF-ACC incidence with various access routes have not been well documented. This study aimed to identify predictors, clinical outcomes, and relative incidences of ventricular fibrillation after the release of an aortic cross-clamp (VF-ACC) with various access routes in valvular surgery.Patients and methods In this single-center and retrospective cohort study, we screened 228 consecutive patients undergoing valve surgery, and a total of 119 patients were included in the study. The primary outcomes were the relative incidence and predictors of VF-ACC with access routes, and secondary endpoints included effects of VF-ACC on 30-day mortality, perioperative ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), and heart failure with ejection fraction < 50% (HFEF < 50%).Results VF-ACC incidence varied on the basis of access routes. VF-ACC occurred in 58.3% of patients with aortic valve replacement via transverse aortotomy (TAo-AVR), in 48.6% of patients with aortic and mitral replacements via transseptal and transverse aortotomy access (TSAo-MAVR), and in 20% of patients with mitral valve replacement via transseptal access (TS-MVR). Seven independent risk factors were identified: HTK solution (AOR: 4.90, p = 0.002), smoking status (AOR: 6.30, p = 0.001), cerebrovascular disease (CBD) [(AOR: 7.08, p = 0.022)], regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) [(AOR: 8.33, p < 0.001)], perioperative VAs (AOR: 4.85, p = 0.001), HFEF < 50% (AOR: 5.66, p = 0.002), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) [(AOR: 0.962, CI: 0.941–0.984)].Conclusions VF-ACC was the most common in TAo-AVR and the least common in TS-MVR. HTK solution, smoking status, CBD, perioperative VAs, HFEF < 50%, and RWMA were associated with an increased risk of VF-ACC, and low LVMI acted as a protective factor. Patients with VF-ACC commonly experienced perioperative VAs or HFEFs < 50%.Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR2100050961.
Isolation and Characterization of Copper Tolerant Bacterial Species Habituating in Copper Mines and Study of Their Potentiality as a Plant Growth Stimulator
Authors: Majhi Krishnendu , Let Moitri , Halder Urmi , Bandopadhyay Rajib 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital micronutrient for all living organisms below its toxicity limit. Various industrial activities, mining deposits, excessive use of harmful chemicals, waste discharges, and drugs are the main reason for the emerging copper concentration. Emphases of the current study were to isolate and characterize highly copper-tolerating bacterial (CTB) species from a copper-contaminated site. In enrichment culture techniques, 24 copper tolerant microbial isolates were evaluated and the maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) was determined using various concentrations of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) solution. Three bacterial strains named GKSM2, GKSM6, and GKSM11 were tolerant to 350 mg/l of CuSO4.5H2O. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny data revealed that these CTB belong to species Bacillus zanthoxyli, Bacillus stercoris, and Pseudomonas alcaliphila species. CTB showed their optimized growth at moderate salt concentration (0.1-0.5M NaCl), temperature range (20-45˚C) and wide pH range (pH 5.0-11). All the strains can produce various Plant growth stimulating (PGS) traits viz., phytohormones (IAA, GA), proline, nitrogen fixation, ammonification, and antioxidant enzymes in presence and absence of Cu2+ stress. The result displays that adsorption of Cu2+ ions evidenced by TEM, SEM, and SEM-EDX analysis.
The Role of Engineers in Harmonising Human Values for AI Systems Design
Authors: Umbrello Steven 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Most engineers work within social structures governing and governed by a set of values that primarily emphasise economic concerns. The majority of innovations derive from these loci. Given the effects of these innovations on various communities, it is imperative that the values they embody are aligned with those societies. Like other transformative technologies, artificial intelligence systems can be designed by a single organisation but be diffused globally, demonstrating impacts over time. This paper argues that in order to design for this broad stakeholder group, engineers must adopt a systems thinking approach that allows them to understand the sociotechnicity of artificial intelligence systems across sociocultural domains. It claims that value sensitive design, and envisioning cards in particular, provides a solid first step towards helping designers harmonise human values, understood across spatiotemporal boundaries, with economic values, rather than the former coming at the opportunity cost of the latter.
The Occurrence and Association of Impaired Cerebral Autoregulation With Outcomes in Aortic Arch Surgery: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study
Authors: Peng Ling , Wei Wei , Zeng Jun , Yang Jiapei , Wang Rurong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Backgroundː Impairment of cerebral autoregulation (CA) has been observed in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but little is known about its occurrence and associations with outcomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence of impaired CA, based on cerebral oximetry index (COx), in patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement with CPB and moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA). We also evaluated the association between impaired CA and patient outcomes.Methodsː Sixty-four patients who underwent total aortic arch replacement with stented elephant trunk implantation under CPB and MHCA at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were defined as having new-onset impaired CA if post-CPB COx > 0.3, calculated based on a moving linear correlation coefficient between regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) and mean blood pressure (MAP). Postoperative complication and in-hospital mortality were compared between patients with normal and impaired CA.Resultsː Of the 64 patients, 19(29.7%) developed new-onset impaired CA after CPB with MHCA. Compared with normal CA patients, those with impaired CA showed a significantly longer duration of rScO2 <55%, and significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications (acute kidney injury, delirium, mechanical ventilation > 24h, and respiratory infection). Conclusionsː In our cohort, 29.7% of patients who underwent total aortic arch replacement developed new-onset impaired CA after CPB with MHCA. Impaired CA might be associated with significantly increased rates of postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality. Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR1800014545 with registered date 20/01/2018.
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in East Africa: a Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis
Authors: Alem Kindu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The rate of multidrug resistant tuberculosis is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. It is becoming an emerging public health problem in East Africa. Prevalence of MDR-TB among TB positive individuals in the region has not been synthesized. Determining the pooled prevalence of MDR-TB among newly diagnosed and previously treated TB cases in East Africa is the main objective of this review.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the researcher searched six electronic databases: Google scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science direct and Web of Science. Funnel plot symmetry visualization confirmed by Egger’s regression asymmetry test and Begg rank correlation methods was used to assess publication bias. The pooled prevalence estimate was calculated using Der Simonian and Laird’s random Effects model. A total of 16 articles published in East Africa from 2007 and 2019 were included in this study. STATA software (version 14, Texas, USA) was used for analysis. Results: Out of 1025 articles identified citations, a total of 16 articles published in East Africa from 2007 and 2019 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MDR-TB among newly diagnosed TB cases and previously treated TB patients to be 4% (95%CI=2-5%) and 21% (95%CI: 14-28%), respectively. Living conditions, lifestyles (smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse), previous medical history, diabetes history and HIV infection risk factors contribute to higher prevalence of MDR-TB in East Africa.Conclusion: An early diagnosis of tuberculosis and rapid detection of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a serious concern to identify patients who are not responding to the standard treatment and to avoid spreading of resistant strains. It is also very essential to strengthen tuberculosis control and improved monitoring of chemotherapy.
An Integrated Hybrid Methodology for Estimation of Absorptivity and Interface Temperature in Laser Transmission Welding
Authors: Goyal Dhruva Kumar , Yadav Ramsingh , Kant Ravi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study reports a new hybrid integrated technique to predict the absorptivity of absorber and the interface temperature of the joint in laser transmission welding. The new approach is more robust as the numerical model is confirmed through experimental observations initially with weld width and further with surface temperature. Experiments are performed on a polycarbonate sheets with electrolytic iron powder (EIP) as an absorber. The surface temperature and weld width are measured from the experiments. A transient 3-D finite element-based numerical model is developed for heat transfer analysis. The variation of heat flux with stand-off distance is also considered to enhance the accuracy of the computed results. The absorptivity is tuned in the numerical model so that the numerical weld width is in close conjunction with the experimental weld width. The numerical model is validated by comparing the upper surface temperatures at the center, measured in the experiments using infrared thermography. The results indicate that the surface temperatures in the numerical model are in good agreement with experimental observations, and the average error is less than 6%. The interface temperatures are estimated after the validation of the numerical model.
Assessing the Long-Term Planform Dynamics of Ganges-Jamuna Confluence With the Aid of Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Khan Nafis Sadik , Roy Sujit Kumar , Mazumder Md. Touhidur Rahman , Talukdar Swapan , Mallick Javed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Ganges-Jamuna-Padma confluence is one of the world's most active confluences. The confluence of two of the world's greatest rivers, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, makes this a globally significant site. Severe erosion along the banks has been caused by morphological changes in this region. Riverbank erosion is one of Bangladesh's most serious problems, as it necessitates costly intervention. Riverbank erosion in Bangladesh affects millions of people each year as a result of erosion in this confluence zone. As a result, it's critical to comprehend the confluence's morphological changing pattern. This study aims to quantify actual bank shifting around the confluence of the Ganges, Jamuna, and Padma in terms of shifting rate and area during a twenty-five-year period (1990-2015). To conduct this study the collected satellite image were geo-referenced and digitize bank lines from using ArcGIS program. The bank line is the linear structure that divides the river channel's outer border from the flood plains. The distance between the extreme margins of the left and right banks, including mid-channel sandbars, was measured to determine channel width variation. To assess the maturity of change, this time frame is subdivided into five phases, each lasting five years. In addition, the long-term shift from 1972 to 2015 is qualitatively noticeable. This morphological alteration was studied using LANDSAT satellite images. The research gives current and trustworthy information on the Ganga-Jamuna confluence's planform dynamics. This research will be useful in the planning and execution of drainage development plans and erosion control strategies in this critical confluence zone.
Effect of Hypomagnesemia On The Prognosis of Patients With Sepsis in ICU: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lv Chenwei , Hu Jing , Hu Xingxing , Liu Jiangyun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective

Existing studies have shown that the incidence of hypomagnesemia may be as high as 60%. However, the correlation between hypomagnesia and sepsis mortality remains elusive. The current study evaluated the effect of hypomagnesemia on the prognosis of patients with sepsis in ICU.
Methods

It was a retrospective cohort study based on an online database named MIMIC III. A total of 1448 sepsis patients with serum magnesium were admitted to the database, among which 645 patients were screened out.
Results

At 28 days, 99 patients (30.84%) in the hypomagnesemia group and 123 patients (38.0%) (P = 0.06) in the non-hypomagnesemia group died. There was no correlation between hypomagnesemia and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis (HR = 1.07; P = 0.87, 95% CI). However, the duration of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.01), the duration of vasoactive drug use (P < 0.01), the length of ICU stay (P < 0.01), and the length of hospital stay (P < 0.01) of patients in the hypomagnesemia group were higher than those in the non-hypomagnesemia group. In the subgroup analysis, the time of no vasopressor (P < 0.01) and the time of no mechanical ventilation (P < 0.01) in the magnesium supplementation group were significantly longer than those in the non-magnesium supplementation group. More importantly, the 14-day mortality (30.8% vs 48.9%, P < 0.01) and 28-day mortality (33.8% vs 48.9%, P = 0.03) in patients with magnesium supplementation were lower than patients without magnesium supplementation.
Conclusions

For sepsis patients in ICU, although hypomagnesemia had no significant correlation with 28-day mortality, it still prolonged the duration of mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drug use, and increased the length of ICU stay and hospital stay. Even for patients with normal serum magnesium levels, optimizing serum magnesium levels may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
Multiple-Forecasting Approach: A Prediction of CO2 Emission from the Paddy Crop in India
Authors: Singh Pawan Kumar , Pandey Alok Kumar , Ahuja Sahil , Kiran Ravi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper compares four prediction methods namely Random Forest Regressor (RFR), SARIMAX, Holt-Winters (H-W), and the Support Vector Regression (SVR) to forecast the total CO2 emission from the paddy crop in India. The major objective of this study is to compare these four models to suggest an effective model to predict the total CO2 emission. Data from 1961 to 2018 has been categorised into two parts: training and test data. The study forecasts total CO2 emission from paddy crop in India from 2019 to 2025. A comparison of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the mean square error (MSE), highlights the differences in accuracy among the four models. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the mean square error (MSE) for the four methods are: RFR (MAPE: 5.67; MSE: 549900.02), SARIMAX (MAPE:1.67; MSE:70422.35), H-W (MAPE:0.75; MSE:16648.58), and SVR (MAPE: 0.91; MSE: 17832.4). The values of MAPE and MSE with the Holt-Winters (H-W) and the Support Vector Regression (SVR) is relatively low as compared to SARIMAX and RFR. On the basis of these results, it can be inferred that H-W and SVR were found suitable models to forecast the total CO2 emission from paddy crop. Holt-Winters the model predicted 14364.97 for the year 2025 and SVR predicted 13696.67 for the year 2025. These predictions can be used by the decision-maker to build a suitable policy for future studies. For further research, this approach can be contrasted with other approaches, such as the Neural Network or other forecasting methods, using more important datasets to train the model to achieve better forecast accuracy.