bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregation‐Enhanced Sonodynamic Activity of Phthalocyanine–Artesunate Conjugates
Authors: Zhao Peng‐Hui , Wu Yu‐Lin , Li Xue‐Yan , Feng Lin‐Lin , Zhang Ling , Zheng Bi‐Yuan , Ke Mei‐Rong , Huang Jian‐Dong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe clinical prospect of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has not been fully realized due to the scarcity of efficient sonosensitizers. Herein, we designed phthalocyanine–artesunate conjugates (e.g. ZnPcT4A), which could generate up to ca. 10‐fold more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the known sonosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. Meanwhile, an interesting and significant finding of aggregation‐enhanced sonodynamic activity (AESA) was observed for the first time. ZnPcT4A showed about 60‐fold higher sonodynamic ROS generation in the aggregated form than in the disaggregated form in aqueous solutions. That could be attributed to the boosted ultrasonic cavitation of nanostructures. The level of the AESA effect depended on the aggregation ability of sonosensitizer molecules and the particle size of their aggregates. Moreover, biological studies demonstrated that ZnPcT4A had high anticancer activities and biosafety. This study thus opens up a new avenue the development of efficient organic sonosensitizers.
Keeping intracellular DNA untangled: A new role for condensin?
Authors: Roca Joaquim , Dyson Silvia , Segura Joana , Valdés Antonio , Martínez‐García Belén 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe DNA‐passage activity of topoisomerase II accidentally produces DNA knots and interlinks within and between chromatin fibers. Fortunately, these unwanted DNA entanglements are actively removed by some mechanism. Here we present an outline on DNA knot formation and discuss recent studies that have investigated how intracellular DNA knots are removed. First, although topoisomerase II is able to minimize DNA entanglements in vitro to below equilibrium values, it is unclear whether such capacity performs equally in vivo in chromatinized DNA. Second, DNA supercoiling could bias topoisomerase II to untangle the DNA. However, experimental evidence indicates that transcriptional supercoiling of intracellular DNA boosts knot formation. Last, cohesin and condensin could tighten DNA entanglements via DNA loop extrusion (LE) and force their dissolution by topoisomerase II. Recent observations indicate that condensin activity promotes the removal of DNA knots during interphase and mitosis. This activity might facilitate the spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin.
Protective role of cytoplasmic p21Cip1/Waf1 in apoptosis of CDK4/6 inhibitor‐induced senescence in breast cancer cells
Authors: Kartika Irna D. , Kotani Hitoshi , Iida Yuichi , Koyanagi Akira , Tanino Ryosuke , Harada Mamoru 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInhibition of CDK4/6 slows the cell cycle and induces senescence in breast cancer cells. However, senescent cancer cells promote invasion and metastasis. Several drugs reportedly target senescent cells, including ABT‐263 (navitoclax). We examined the effects of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib and ABT‐263 on two human breast cancer cell lines. The abemaciclib and ABT‐263 combination additively decreased the viability of MDA‐MB‐231 cells, but not MCF‐7 cells. Also, the combination therapy‐induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Combination therapy with abemaciclib and ABT‐737, an ABT‐263 analog, significantly suppressed the in vivo growth of MDA‐MB‐231 with transient body‐weight loss. Given that p16Ink4a and p21Cip1/Waf1 are key factors in senescence and that both cell lines were negative for p16, the role of p21 in apoptosis of treated breast cancer cells was investigated. Although abemaciclib increased the cytoplasmic p21 level in both cell lines as a hallmark of senescence, the abemaciclib and ABT‐263 combination decreased it only in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. This decrease of p21 expression was relieved by caspase inhibition, and p21 was colocalized with caspase‐3 in the cytoplasm of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Alternatively, small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of p21 rendered caspase‐3‐negative MCF‐7 cells susceptible to abemaciclib and ABT‐263, as well as TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand. Furthermore, a clinical database analysis showed that p21high breast cancer patients had a poorer prognosis compared to p21low patients. These results suggest that cytoplasmic p21 plays a protective role in apoptosis of CDK4/6 inhibitor‐induced senescent breast cancer cells.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Dodecyl Tannin Derivative Linked with 1,2,3‐Triazole
Authors: Yuan Hua , Zhou Peng , Peng Zhiyuan , Wang Chengzhang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDodecyl tannin derivative linked with 1,2,3‐triazole was prepared by the click reaction of dodecyl azide and alkynylated tannin. The structure of tannin derivative was identified by FT‐IR spectrometer and elemental analyzer, and the surface activity, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of tannin derivative were studied. The surface tension of tannin derivative was significantly reduced because of the introduction of long chain alkyl groups, and the lowest surface tension was 38.87 mN/m at 1.0 mg/mL. The tannin derivative had strong ability to scavenge 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical, the scavenging rate could reach 89.08 % at 0.25 mg/mL. The tannin derivative exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus due to the increased fat‐solubility of tannin derivative and the introduction of antibacterial triazole groups in molecular structure of tannin derivative, and the bacteriostatic ratios of tannin derivative against E. coli and S. aureus were 92.16 % and 89.21 % at 2.0 mg/mL, respectively. The tannin derivative can be used as good candidates for antibacterial packaging or antioxidant supplements.
Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of MOF‐808 Towards Peptide Bond Hydrolysis through Synthetic Modulations
Authors: Simms Charlotte , de Azambuja Francisco , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe performance of MOFs in catalysis is largely derived from structural features, and much work has focused on introducing structural changes such as defects or ligand functionalisation to boost the reactivity of the MOF. However, the effects of different parameters chosen for the synthesis on the catalytic reactivity of the resulting MOF remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the role of metal precursor on the reactivity of Zr‐based MOF‐808 towards hydrolysis of the peptide bond in the glycylglycine model substrate. In addition, the effect of synthesis temperature and duration has been investigated. Surprisingly, the metal precursor was found to have a large influence on the reactivity of the MOF, surpassing the effect of particle size or number of defects. Additionally, we show that by careful selection of the Zr‐salt precursor and temperature used in MOF syntheses, equally active MOF catalysts could be obtained after a 20 minute synthesis compared to 24 h synthesis.
Site‐Selective Pd‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Arylation of Heteroaromatic Ketones
Authors: Kudashev Anton , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA ligand‐controlled site‐selective C(sp3)−H arylation of heteroaromatic ketones has been developed using Pd catalysis. The reaction occurred selectively at the α‐ or β‐position of the ketone side‐chain. The switch from α‐ to β‐arylation was realized by addition of a pyridone ligand. The α‐arylation process showed broad scope and high site‐ and chemoselectivity, whereas the β‐arylation was more limited. Mechanistic investigations suggested that α‐arylation occurs through C−H activation/oxidative addition/reductive elimination whereas β‐arylation involves desaturation and aryl insertion.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Helically Fused Anthraquinones with Unusually Close Carbonyl‐Carbonyl Contacts
Authors: Morioka Kozue , Wakamatsu Kan , Tsurumaki Eiji , Toyota Shinji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectron‐deficient aromatic ketones consisting of three fused anthraquinone units were synthesized by oxidation of the corresponding fused anthracenes. X‐ray analysis revealed that these compounds had nonplanar helical structures with unusual contacts, C=O⋅⋅⋅C=O 2.467 Å, between the inner carbonyl groups. The role of n⋅⋅⋅π* interactions in the short contacts was evaluated using a noncovalent interaction plot and natural bond orbital analysis. The dynamic process involving helical inversion was observed by the variable temperature 1H NMR measurement of a derivative with 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl groups, and the barrier was estimated to be 77 kJ mol−1. DFT calculations indicated that the helical inversion proceeded via a multistep mechanism. The characteristic spectroscopic and electrochemical data due to the electron‐deficient anthraquinone units and the sterically congested carbonyl groups are discussed with the aid of DFT calculations.
The Choice of Nanoparticle Surface‐Coupled Fluorescent Dyes Impacts Cellular Interaction
Authors: Milosevic Ana M. , Haeni Laetitia , Ackermann Hirschi Liliane , Vanni Stefano , Campomanes‐Ramos Pablo , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara , Rodriguez‐Lorenzo Laura , Petri‐Fink Alke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFluorescently‐labelled nanoparticles show great promise for nanoparticle tracking and detection in biological or medical applications. However, these fluorescent molecules functionalized on the surface of the nanoparticles can impact the interaction of nanoparticles with biomolecules, cells, and subsequently influence their uptake. To explore the extent of these interactions, PEGylated gold nanoparticles were functionalized with six structurally different fluorescent dyes to demonstrate that the presence of the dye alters nanoparticle behavior, in particular interactions with bovine serum albumin, which consequently influenced their cellular uptake.
Manipulator trajectory planning based on work subspace division
Authors: Liu Yibo , Xiao Fan , Tong Xiliang , Tao Bo , Xu Manman , Jiang Guozhang , Chen Baojia , Cao Yongcheng , Sun Nannan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe manipulator workspace is an essential element in the field of manipulator research and is of great significance for manipulator motion planning. However, little research has been conducted on dividing the manipulator workspace into working subspaces. No precise division method has been proposed; the inverse kinematics of multiple solutions in manipulator trajectory planning may also cause abrupt joint changes, thus affecting the planned trajectory. The article proposes a working subspace division method for all ball‐wrist 6DOF(degree‐of‐freedom) manipulators that satisfy the Piper criterion to address the above problems. The kinematic model of the manipulator is established, and the Jacobi matrix of the manipulator is obtained. The space of joints of the manipulator is divided into unique domains containing only single inverse kinematic solutions by means of singular trajectory lines when the determinant of the Jacobi matrix is zero; The solution from the joint space to the workspace is achieved by a nonlinear mapping, which completes the partitioning of the work subspace, and each work subspace contains only unique inverse kinematic solutions. When trajectory planning is carried out from the independent area of a single workspace to the overlapping area of multiple workspaces, selecting the inverse kinematic solution in a single working subspace can effectively avoid abrupt changes in the joints of the manipulator and trajectory misalignment caused by numerous inverse solution selection problems and make the planned trajectory smooth and consistent with the operational requirements of each scene.
The macroion effective charge in asymmetric complex plasmas
Authors: Martynova Inna A. , Iosilevskiy Igor L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a classical two‐component electroneutral equilibrium system of finite‐sized macroions with a charge () and oppositely charged microions with a single charge is considered. A self‐similar dependence of the macroion effective (“visible”) charge on the macroion initial charge , the system temperature, and the macroion size is obtained for fixed packing parameters in the framework of the Poisson–Boltzmann plus hole approximation (i.e., with regard to the nonlinear screening effect inside the hole) (hereinafter, in the PBH approximation). All microions are subdivided into free and bound. The concept of the macroion effective charge is introduced and its decrease was shown in comparison with the macroion initial charge in the PBH approximation with an additional consideration of microions correlations. The paper evaluates the possibility of a microions pseudo‐liquid phase separation into more and less dense phases in the PBH approximation with the microions correlations consideration.
Untapped potential of physiology, behaviour and immune markers to predict range dynamics and marginality
Authors: Shultz Susanne , Britnell Jake A. , Harvey Nicholas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLinking environmental conditions to the modulators of individual fitness is necessary to predict long‐term population dynamics, viability, and resilience. Functional physiological, behavioral, and reproductive markers can provide this mechanistic insight into how individuals perceive physiological, psychological, chemical, and physical environmental challenges through physiological and behavioral responses that are fitness proxies. We propose a Functional Marginality framework where relative changes in allostatic load, reproductive health, and behavior can be scaled up to evidence and establish causation of macroecological processes such as local extirpation, colonization, population dynamics, and range dynamics. To fully exploit functional traits, we need to move beyond single biomarker studies to develop an integrative approach that models the interactions between extrinsic challenges, physiological, and behavioral pathways and their modulators. In addition to providing mechanistic markers of range dynamics, this approach can also serve as a valuable conservation tool for evaluating individual‐ and population‐level health, predicting responses to future environmental change and measuring the impact of interventions. We highlight specific studies that have used complementary biomarkers to link extrinsic challenges to population performance. These frameworks of integrated biomarkers have untapped potential to identify causes of decline, predict future changes, and mitigate against future biodiversity loss.
Electrophoretic mobility of ester betulin derivatives and their complexation with γ‐cyclodextrin studied by capillary electrophoresis in aqueous solutions at different pH values
Authors: Sursyakova Viktoria V. , Levdansky Vladimir A. , Rubaylo Anatoly I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, capillary electrophoresis was used to measure the effective electrophoretic mobility of ester betulin derivatives as a pH function and to study their complexation with γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD). The electrophoretic mobility of betulin 3,28‐diphthalate (DPhB) and 3,28‐disuccinate (DScB) changed unusually with decreasing pH: instead of decreasing, it first increased and then decreased. This fact as well as the turbidity of sample solutions at pH from 2.5 to 6, broadening of electrophoretic peaks and a decrease in the surface tension of the solutions indicates that these betulin derivatives, being amphiphilic compounds and weak acids, exist as micelles in aqueous solutions at pH 6 and below. The inclusion complexation of betulin derivatives with γ‐CD at pH 9.18 and 4.5 was studied by mobility shift affinity capillary electrophoresis. At pH 9.18, the apparent binding (stability) constant logarithms for 1:1 γ‐CD complexes of DPhB, betulin 3,28‐disulfate (DSB) and DScB with 95% confidence interval limits were equal to 7.44 ± 0.02, 7.09 (7.01–7.19), and 6.97 (6.87–7.08) at 25°C, respectively. At pH 4.5, the binding constant for the DSB complex was slightly lower, while the micelle formation did not allow determining the exact values of the constants for the DPhB and DScB complexes.
Feasibility of a culturally tailored dementia information program for minority ethnic communities in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen T. Rune , Nielsen Dorthe S. , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesProactive efforts that take language and cultural barriers into consideration may be needed to raise awareness of dementia and improve access to services in minority ethnic communities. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a culturally tailored dementia information program and the immediate effects on participants' intention to seek help for memory problems, their knowledge and beliefs about dementia, and their knowledge about options for support.MethodsA novel dementia information program, consisting of one 2‐h session, was developed through a collaborative research process with primary care dementia coordinators and multicultural link workers as co‐researchers. It provides basic knowledge about dementia to minority ethnic communities and can be delivered in a community setting by non‐specialists.ResultsSix information program sessions were conducted with a total of 110 participants; 65 Turkish, 19 Pakistani, 20 Arabic‐speaking, and 6 with another minority ethnic heritage. The program had a significant effect on participants' immediate knowledge and beliefs about dementia as measured with a quiz (z = −2.02, p = 0.04, d = 0.90). In a post‐program focus group meeting, facilitating multicultural link workers reported satisfaction with facilitator training, adopted recruitment strategies, and content and delivery of the information sessions and provided feedback on improving the program.ConclusionsThe results provide support for the feasibility of the culturally tailored dementia information program. The program has the potential to improve knowledge and beliefs about dementia and options for formal support in minority ethnic communities and seems easily implemented in existing services, and at a low cost.
Metabolome and transcriptome analysis predicts metabolism of violet‐red color change in Lilium bulbs
Authors: Fan Wenguang , Li Baoyu , Tian Hui , Li Xin , Ren Haiwei , Zhou Qifen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring the storage and processing of Lilium bulbs, the phenomenon of violet‐red colour change in Lilium bulbs which is different from enzymatic browning often exists, but the specific mechanism is not clear.RESULTSIn this study, we chose six‐year‐old Lilium davidii var. unicolor to study. Bulb scales which were sealed in polyethylene film plastic bags were exposed to room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) treatment for 5 days (12 h of sunshine and 12 h of sun shading). Metabolomics and transcript omics were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of violet‐red color change in Lilium bulbs. The results showed that the color of Lilium bulb scales was obvious violet‐red in 5 days; chromaticity value measuring showed the a values had the most significant upward trend. Metabolomics analysis showed many metabolites produced from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway showed an upward trend. Transcriptome revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly enriched, of which 20 synthesis genes were highly regulated expression. Metabolome and transcriptome co‐analysis that up‐regulated expression of flavonoids synthesis genes including ten chalcone synthase, two anthocyanidin reductase, and chalcone isomerase, 3′‐hydroxylase, 3‐hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase, anthocyanin synthase, anthocyanidin 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase and flavonol synthase were highly positive correlated with epicatechin, rutin and cyanidin 3‐rutinoside.CONCLUSIONPhenotypic, metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis indicated that the up‐related expression levels of genes and accumulated flavonoids related to flavonoid metabolism contributed greatly to the violet‐red colour change in Lilium bulbs. The results of this study will deepen our understanding of the color formation of violet‐red Lilium bulbs and provide the basis for future storage and preservation of Lilium bulbs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Organizational participation in community and life satisfaction of retirees: The mediating roles of positive and negative affect and moderating role of family relation
Authors: Chen Lanshuang , Zhang Jianxin , Zhang Zhen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined the association between participation in community organizations and life satisfaction, and relevant mediating and moderating mechanisms among retirees. Positive and negative affect were considered as mediating variables, and family relation as a moderating variable. A total of 1132 community‐dwelling retirees aged 50 years or more were investigated. A self‐developed questionnaire with five items measured the level of organizational participation (OP) based on residential community. The Satisfaction with Life scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Family Cohesion sub‐scale of Family Environment Scale (FES) were used to assess life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and family relation, respectively. Mplus was used to conduct mediating and moderating analyses after controlling for six demographic and socioeconomic factors. First, the results indicated that OP was positively associated with life satisfaction. Second, positive and negative affect partly mediated the relationship between OP and life satisfaction. Third, family relation negatively moderated the relationship between OP and life satisfaction; that is, compared with those retirees with good family relation, the beneficial role of OP in enhancing one's satisfaction was more significant for those retirees with poor family relation; furthermore, family relation also moderated the links of OP‐negative affect. These findings suggested that OP related to life satisfaction of retirees through mediating roles of positive and negative affect, and family relation partly moderated the above direct and indirect processes. In a word, OP based on residential community had a positive role in buffering adverse influence of poor family relation.
Electrical Propulsion and Cargo Transport of Microbowl Shaped Janus Particles
Authors: Erez Shahar , Karshalev Emil , Wu Yue , Wang Joseph , Yossifon Gilad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein the effective electrical propulsion, cargo trapping, and transport capabilities of microbowl‐shaped Janus particles (JPs) are demonstrated and evaluated. These active JPs are made by deposition of Au and Ti layers onto sacrificial spherical polystyrene particles, followed by oxidation of the Ti to TiO2. In contrast to the commonly studied spherical JP, the dual broken symmetry of both geometrical and electrical properties of the microbowl renders a strong dependence of its mobility and cargo loading on the order of the layering of Au and TiO2. Specifically, an opposite direction of motion is obtained for interchanged layers of Au and TiO2, using only electrical propulsion as the sole mechanism of motion. The concave side of the microbowl exhibits a negative dielectrophoretic trap of large size wherein trapped cargo is protected from hydrodynamic shearing, leading to an enhanced cargo loading capacity compared to that obtained using common spherical JP. Such enhanced cargo capability of the microbowl along with the ease of engineering it by interchanging the order of the layers are very attractive for future in vitro biological and biomedical applications.