bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITIS and the Global Taxonomic Backbone
Authors: Mitchell David , Orrell Thomas 
Published: September 2021

The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) provides a regularly updated, global database that currently contains over 868,000 scientific names and their hierarchy. The program exists to communicate a comprehensive taxonomy of global species across 7 kingdoms that enables biodiversity information to be discovered, indexed, and connected across all human endeavors. ITIS partners with taxonomists and experts across the world to assemble scientific names and their taxonomic relationships, and then distributes that data through publicly available software. A single taxon may be represented by multiple scientific names, so ITIS makes it a priority to provide synonymy. Linking valid or accepted names with their subjective and objective synonyms is a key component of name translation and increases the precision of searches and organization of information.
ITIS and its partner Species2000 create the Catalogue of Life (CoL) checklist that provides quality scientific name data for over 2.2M species. The CoL is the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) taxonomic backbone.
Providing automated open access to complete, current, literature-referenced, and expert-validated taxonomic information enables biological data management systems, and is elemental to enhancing the utility of the amassed scientific data across the world. Fully leveraging this information for the public good is crucial for empowering the global digital society to confront the most pressing social and environmental challenges.
La fin de vie, enjeu de santé publique : dimensions éthiques d’une question politique
Authors: Gaille-Nikodimov Marie 
Published: September 2021

Cet article cherche à explorer la dimension éthique de la fin de vie et à en éclairer la portée pour les politiques de santé publique. Cette exploration se fonde sur une approche philosophique contextualisée, ici en contexte français. Dans un premier temps, il resitue comment la fin de vie est d’abord devenue un objet de discussion publique, puis de législations. Ensuite, il aborde la manière dont les enjeux éthiques de la fin de vie sont envisagés dans la recherche clinique et en sciences humaines et sociales, notamment au sujet des groupes de population vulnérables et des décisions médicales dites « difficiles ». Dans un troisième temps, il montre que l’analyse doit interroger la notion clé sur le plan éthique et juridique d’accompagnement, afin de mettre en lumière les débats que recouvre l’apparent consensus à son sujet. Finalement, l’éthique du soin ou du care invite à interroger les limites actuelles des politiques de santé publique concernant la fin de vie, au regard de leur orientation générale, mais aussi des moyens accordés et de l’articulation opérée entre care privé et action publique.
Integration of Health Information Technology and Promotion of Personhood in Family-Centered Dementia Care: Intervention Trial
Authors: Brown Ellen L. , Ruggiano Nicole , Roberts Lisa , Clarke Peter J. , Davis Debra Lee , Agronin Marc , Geldmacher David S. , Hough Monica Strauss , Muñoz Mariateresa (Teri) H. , Framil C. Victoria , Yang Xin 
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) often result in communication deficits that can lead to negative health outcomes as well as complications for caregiving and clinical care. Although augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices have demonstrated efficacy in assisting persons living with dementia (PLWD) in communicating, few devices offer customization for the person's care preferences (e.g., clothing, food, activities) or are designed for integration into clinical care and caregiving. To address this issue, our research team is developing a novel electronic AAC prototype with a touchscreen to promote communication and personhood for PLWD. The current article describes the development of this technology and uses the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 Statement to describe the clinical trial that is planned to test its efficacy.TARGETS:PLWD and their care partners.INTERVENTION DESCRIPTION:Use of AAC Plus to promote communication and personhood for PLWD.MECHANISMS OF ACTION:AAC Plus will provide PLWD and care partners a way to communicate PLWD's daily preferences and provide clinical data for health care providers.OUTCOMES:Determine whether enhanced communication of daily preferences of PLWD will improve quality of life of PLWD and their care partners.TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT04571502 (Date of registration October 1, 2020). [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14(5), 225–234.]
Phenomenological model for the prediction of Moringa oleifera extracted oil using a laboratory Soxhlet apparatus
Authors: Díaz Y. , Tabio D. , Rondón M. , Piloto-Rodríguez R. , Fernández E. 
Published: September 2021

Moringa oleifera is an oilseed crop with poten­tial for biodiesel production. The second step in this process is the extraction of oil. Extraction in hot water, with a Soxhlet apparatus and the ultrasound technique are the most commonly used methods. The aim of the present work was to obtain a phenomenological model for the Moringa oleifera oil extraction process using Soxhlet. Effective diffusivity for Moringa oil through the kernels is obtained, using the kinetics of the extraction process (experimentally determined) and the Fick’s diffusion second law for non-steady state. The value of 0.685·10-12 m2/s fully matched reports on effective diffusion coefficient for other solids. It was also verified from the statistical analysis and a linear fit for experimental data that the model can be used to describe the oil extraction process of Moringa oleifera in the Soxhlet extractor, responding to the diffusive phenomenon (process controlled by internal resistance).
A Guide to Sexing Salamanders in Central Appalachia, United States
Authors: Rucker Lacy E. , Brown Donald J. , Jacobsen Carl D. , Messenger Kevin R. , Wild Erik R. , Pauley Thomas K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDocumenting the sex of individuals encountered during wildlife research and monitoring activities is important for understanding and tracking changes in populations. However, sexing salamanders can be particularly difficult because secondary sex characters are often subtle or only visible during the breeding season, and guidance on species-specific sex determination is lacking from most field guides. The purpose of this guide is to provide a reference to assist biologists in the Central Appalachian region with identifying sex of live adult salamanders. In the main text we provide summary tables and figures to serve as concise references in the field. We provide individual species accounts that contain concise yet comprehensive information for each species based on the published literature, as well as many images depicting sexually dimorphic characters. Our focal region encompasses partial or entire distributions for 56 species of salamanders in 5 families (Ambystomidae, Cryptobranchidae, Plethodontidae, Proteidae, and Salamandridae). We identified seven morphological characters that are strongly sexually dimorphic and useful for sexing live, nonanesthetized, adult salamanders in the field, with males of individual species exhibiting one to five of the characters. We identified more than 20 additional characters that are weakly sexually dimorphic, difficult to distinguish in the field, or species-specific. Our guide serves as a synthesis of sexually dimorphic characters for salamanders in Central Appalachia, and we anticipate it will have broad value for researchers, monitoring programs, and salamander enthusiasts in eastern and central North America.
A Modern-World View of Host–Microbiota–Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Tan Chin Yee , Ramirez Zeni E , Surana Neeraj K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The microbiota—the diverse set of commensal microbes that normally colonize humans—represents the first line of defense against infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates susceptibility to, and severity of, infections, with a focus on immunological mechanisms. Moreover, we highlight some of the ways that modern-world lifestyles have influenced the structure-function relationship between the microbiota and infectious diseases. Ultimately, understanding how the microbiota influences infectious risks will facilitate development of microbiota-derived therapeutics that bolster host defenses.
Elevated N-Linked Glycosylation of IgG V Regions in Myasthenia Gravis Disease Subtypes
Authors: Mandel-Brehm Caleigh , Fichtner Miriam L , Jiang Ruoyi , Winton Valerie J , Vazquez Sara E , Pham Minh C , Hoehn Kenneth B , Kelleher Neil L , Nowak Richard J , Kleinstein Steven H , Wilson Michael R , DeRisi Joseph L , O’Connor Kevin C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Elevated N-linked glycosylation of IgG V regions (IgG-VN-Glyc) is an emerging molecular phenotype associated with autoimmune disorders. To test the broader specificity of elevated IgG-VN-Glyc, we studied patients with distinct subtypes of myasthenia gravis (MG), a B cell–mediated autoimmune disease. Our experimental design focused on examining the B cell repertoire and total IgG. It specifically included adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing to quantify and characterize N-linked glycosylation sites in the circulating BCR repertoire, proteomics to examine glycosylation patterns of the total circulating IgG, and an exploration of human-derived recombinant autoantibodies, which were studied with mass spectrometry and Ag binding assays to respectively confirm occupation of glycosylation sites and determine whether they alter binding. We found that the frequency of IgG-VN-Glyc motifs was increased in the total BCR repertoire of patients with MG when compared with healthy donors. The elevated frequency was attributed to both biased V gene segment usage and somatic hypermutation. IgG-VN-Glyc could be observed in the total circulating IgG in a subset of patients with MG. Autoantigen binding, by four patient-derived MG autoantigen-specific mAbs with experimentally confirmed presence of IgG-VN-Glyc, was not altered by the glycosylation. Our findings extend prior work on patterns of Ig V region N-linked glycosylation in autoimmunity to MG subtypes.
Natural versus Laboratory World: Incorporating Wild-Derived Microbiota into Preclinical Rodent Models
Authors: Oh Ji Hoon , Rehermann Barbara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Advances in data collection (high-throughput shotgun metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics) and analysis (bioinformatics and multiomics) led to the realization that all mammals are metaorganisms, shaped not only by their own genome but also by the genomes of the microbes that colonize them. To date, most studies have focused on the bacterial microbiome, whereas curated databases for viruses, fungi, and protozoa are still evolving. Studies on the interdependency of microbial kingdoms and their combined effects on host physiology are just starting. Although it is clear that past and present exposure to commensals and pathogens profoundly affect human physiology, such exposure is lacking in standard preclinical models such as laboratory mice. Laboratory mouse colonies are repeatedly rederived in germ-free status and subjected to restrictive, pathogen-free housing conditions. This review summarizes efforts to bring the wild microbiome into the laboratory setting to improve preclinical models and their translational research value.
Interactions Between Running Volume and Running Pace and Injury Occurrence in Recreational Runners: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Ramskov Daniel , Rasmussen Sten , Sørensen Henrik , Parner Erik Thorlund , Lind Martin , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: September 2021

Context
The combination of excessive increases in running pace and volume is essential to consider when investigating associations between running and running-related injury.

Objectives
To complete a secondary analysis, using a dataset from a randomized trial, to evaluate the interactions between relative or absolute weekly changes in running volume and running pace on the occurrence of running injuries among a cohort of injury-free recreational runners in Denmark.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Running volume and pace were collected during a 24-week follow-up using global positioning systems data. Training data were used to calculate relative and absolute weekly changes in running volume and pace.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 586 recreational runners were included in the analysis. All participants were injury free at baseline.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Running-related injury was the outcome. Injury data were collected weekly using a modified version of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire. Risk difference (RD) was the measure of injury risk.

Results
A total of 133 runners sustained running-related injuries. A relative weekly change of progression &gt;10% in running volume and progression in running pace (RD = 8.1%, 95% CI = −9.3%, 25.6%) and an absolute weekly change of progression &gt;5 km in running volume and progression in running pace (RD = 5.2%, 95% CI = −12.0%, 22.5%) were not associated with a statistically significant positive interaction.

Conclusions
Given that coaches, clinicians, and athletes may agree that excessive increases in running pace and running volume are important contributors to injury development, we analyzed the interaction between them. Although we did not identify a statistically significant positive interaction on an additive scale in runners who progressed both running pace and running volume, readers should be aware that an interaction is an important analytical approach that could be applied to other datasets in future publications.
Monitoring Postmatch Fatigue During a Competitive Season in Elite Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Evans Daniel A. , Jackson Daniel T. , Kelly Adam L. , Williams Craig A. , McAuley Alexander B.T. , Knapman Harry , Morgan Paul T. 
Published: September 2021

Context
Countermovement jump (CMJ) and perceived wellness measures are useful for monitoring fatigue. Fatigue indicators should simultaneously show sensitivity to previous load and demonstrate influence on subsequent physical output; however, these factors have not been examined.

Objective
To explore the efficacy of CMJ and wellness measures to both detect postmatch fatigue and predict subsequent physical match output in elite youth soccer players.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Patients or Other Participants
Sixteen soccer players (18 ± 1 years) from 36 English Football League Youth Alliance League fixtures.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Physical match outputs (total distance, high-speed running, very high-speed running, and accelerations and decelerations [AD]) were recorded using a 10-Hz global positioning system and 200-Hz accelerometer device during competitive match play. The CMJ height and perceived wellness were assessed weekly and daily, respectively, as indirect indicators of fatigue. Four subunits of wellness (perceived soreness, energy, general stress, and sleep) were measured using customized psychometric questionnaires.

Results
Simple linear regression showed that match AD predicted energy (R2 = 0.08, P = .001), stress (R2 = 0.09, P &lt; .001), and total wellness (R2 = 0.06, P = .002) at 2 days postmatch. The CMJ (R2 = 0.05, P = .002), stress (R2 = 0.08, P &lt; .001), sleep (R2 = 0.03, P = .034), and total wellness (R2 = 0.05, P = .006) measures at 5 days prematch predicted AD during the subsequent match.

Conclusions
The CMJ and wellness measures may be useful for detecting postmatch fatigue. Wellness scores, but not CMJ, at 5 days prematch influenced subsequent match output and therefore may be used to plan and periodize training for the upcoming microcycle.
Concussion History and Heart Rate Variability During Bouts of Acute Stress
Authors: Harrison Adam , Lane-Cordova Abbi , La Fountaine Michael F. , Moore Robert Davis 
Published: September 2021

Context
After a sport-related concussion, many athletes experience persisting neurophysiological alterations. These alterations may be absent at rest but emerge during moments of physiological stress. Unnoticed and untreated neurophysiological dysfunction may negatively affect long-term neurologic health in adolescent athletes, as they are at a critical point in development.

Objective
To assess cardio-autonomic functioning in athletes with and those without a history of concussion by quantifying measures of heart rate variability (HRV) during times of physical and mental exertion.

Design
Case-control study.

Setting
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Thirty-four male Hockey Quebec Midget-AAA hockey players were separated into those with (n = 16; age = 16.06 ± 0.73 years, body mass index = 23.29 ± 1.79) and those without (n = 18; age = 15.98 ± 0.62 years, body mass index = 23.60 ± 2.49) a history of concussion.

Intervention(s)
All athletes underwent a series of HRV recording sessions (1) at rest, (2) while completing a cognitive task at rest, and (3) while completing a cognitive task after a bout of submaximal aerobic exercise.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Time-domain measures of HRV, including mean NN intervals, SD of NN intervals, and root mean square of successive NN interval differences, were quantified for each assessment.

Results
No differences in characteristics were evident between groups. No between-groups differences in HRV at rest were observed. However, during the cognitive task at rest and after aerobic exercise, athletes with a history of concussion demonstrated a higher SD of NN intervals (78.1 ± 4.3 versus 63.2 ± 4.1 milliseconds and 71.2 ± 4.3 versus 65.2 ± 3.8 milliseconds, respectively; F1,31 = 4.31, P = .046) and root mean square of successive NN interval differences (75.8 ± 6.0 versus 59.0 ± 5.6 milliseconds and 74.0 ± 5.5 versus 59.0 ± 5.2 milliseconds, respectively; F1,31 = 4.88, P = .04) than athletes without a history of concussion.

Conclusions
Concussive injuries may result in long-term cardio-autonomic dysfunction. These deficits may not be present at rest but may be triggered by physiological stress.
The influence of gender and smoking on hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Chu Chia-Bao , Li Wan-Lin , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Hsu Chao-Kai , Yang Chao-Chun , Tsai Shaw-Jenq 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a severe dermatological disease that significantly reduces life quality. However, the etiology of this disease remains largely unknown.

Objectives:
We sought to identify the factors associated with clinical presentation and the severity of HS. The features of HS between genders and smokers/nonsmokers were compared.

Methods:
A single-center retrospective study of 161 patients with HS was conducted and analyzed.

Results:
The male-to-female ratio in HS was approximately 2:1 in Taiwan. The severity of HS was significantly associated with smoking (odds ratio 2.20, P = 0.018). HS in men more frequently occurred in the gluteal region. Nonsmokers in HS tended to have earlier onset age and axillary lesions. Smokers were prone to have exclusive gluteal involvement and negative family history of HS.

Conclusion:
Our data revealed smoking correlated with the severity of HS. Smoking status and gender influence the clinical characteristics in HS.
Studies on the antimicrobial activity of a locally isolated lactic acid bacterium and its application on fusarium solani-infected plants
Authors: Atwa Nagwa A. , El-Diwany Ahmed I. , Daba Ghoson M. , Elmaghraby Ibrahim M.K. , Elmaghraby Maissara M.K. , Amer Mai N. , Maany Dina A. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have proven a great inhibitory effect toward phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, giving them the importance as natural biological control agents without hazards to the surrounding eco-system.

Objective
This study aims for the local isolation of a lactic acid bacterial strain active against different microorganisms especially phytopathogens.

Materials and methods
Of the 40 isolated bacterial strains, 36 were preliminarily characterized as LAB using both Gram staining and catalase test methods. Their antimicrobial activities were then tested against different bacterial and fungal strains. The most potent isolate was molecularly identified and tested, in vitro, on different pathogens, and then, in vivo, against infected Phaseolus vulgaris plants.

Results and conclusion
Results revealed that 17 isolates showed antimicrobial activities against Pectobacterium carotovorum and four of them were solely effective against Staphylococcus
aureus (inhibition zones of diameters ranging between 0.4 and 0.8 cm). However, only isolate 32 showed satisfactory antimicrobial activity (inhibition zones of ∼0.8 cm) against both of the two aforementioned test microorganisms. Moreover, isolate 32, molecularly identified as Enterococcus faecium, was also found to be active against Fusarium
solani phaseoli, a common phytopathogen fungus that affects many economically important crops. The addition of 1.5% (v/v) of the 24-h old fermentation broth of this isolate, in vitro, resulted in a shrinking percent of the fungus growth of more than 51% and gave very promising results when applied in the field experiment. Therefore, the use of the selected LAB culture broth as a bioagent to control some plant pathogens, as well as a plant growth stimulator, could be a promising approach to reduce the economic losses in agricultural crops.