bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Hepcidin as a biomarker for iron status in patients on regular hemodialysis
Authors: Sharkawy Magdy M. El , Hassan Mohamed Saeed , Khedr Lina Essam , Hanna Marco Monir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The etiology of anemia in End Stage Renal Disease is multifactorial. Importantly, ESRD patients also have several abnormalities in systemic homeostasis of iron, an essential component in the production of red blood cells.

Aim of the Work
to assess hepcidin level in negative virology End Stage Renal Disease patients & its relation to iron level and erythropoiesis.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 45 patients who are stage V chronic kidney disease on regular haemodialysis. Ten age and sex matched controls were included in the study. The study included 29 (64.4%) males and 16 (35.6%) females; their mean age was 53.40± 11.56 years. The prevalence of diabetes among the studied cases was 17.8%, while that of hypertensive was 42.2%. Mean of serum iron level was 64.23±19.53. Mean of TIBC was 409.96±67.85. Mean of Ferritin level 394.55±139.23 and mean of Hepcidin level was 218.51±127.

Results
Significant negative correlation between Hepcidin level and the Hemoglobin level, and highly significant positive correlation between Hepcidin level and serum Ferritin. Hepcidin up-regulation in the setting of CKD, with subsequent increased serum levels, results in impaired iron absorption from the intestine and decreased iron release from body storage sites. Ultimately, in the setting of such elevated levels, a state of functional iron deficiency may develop and lead to anemia due to iron-restricted erythropoiesis.

Conclusion
Based on current evidence, it seems likely that hepcidin represents a potentially modifiable mediator of anemia of CKD and is thus a potential target for future anemia therapy.
Podocalyxin as an early marker predicting diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with stages of diabetic nephropathy in type two diabetic patients
Authors: Shelbaya Salah El-Din A , Ali Hanan M , Ibrahim Rana H , Sawirs Nourhan Safwat 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Nephropathy, a major complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Early identification of nephropathy in diabetes patients is crucial because it creates opportunity for preventing the incidence of DN and/or even slows down the process of end-stage renal disease attributed to diabetes. Human podocytes (Pods) have been demonstrated to be functionally and structurally injured in the natural history of diabetic nephropathy.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the possible association between the urinary podocalyxin levels and severity and grade of diabetic nephropathy and to use urinary podocalyxin as a non-invasive marker for early stage of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM.

Patients and Methods
We collected 60 known clinically and biochemically type 2 diabetic patients.20 diabetic patients with no evidence of diabetic nephropathy, 20 patients diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy in microalbuminuria stages and 20 patients diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy in macroalbuminuria stages from Ain Shams University hospitals between April and December 2018 and 20 apparently healthy volunteers will included as a control group.

Results
Urinary PCX was significantly higher in patients group compared to control group. Urinary PCX was significantly higher in microalbuminuric group than in normoalbuminuric group and higher in macroalbuminuric group than in microalbuminuric group. There was a positive significant correlation between FBS, 2HrPP, HBA1C and urinary PCX. There was a positive significant correlation between s.create and urinary PCX. There was a positive significant correlation between ACR and urinary PCX.

Conclusion
Urinary podocalyxin seems to be beneficial as an early marker for early stages of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM patients.
Value of Plasmatic Villin-1 in the prediction of early graft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients among Egyptian population
Authors: Ezzat M.A , El Tayeb M , Abou Ellail H , Anwar W , Teama N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
One of the main complications of kidney transplantation is delayed graft function (DGF). There has been enormous growing research interest in the potential for the rapidly expanding fields of medical technology to generate new biomarkers with the aim of early prediction of DGF and modifying its therapy accordingly. Villin-1 has been detected in urine of patients with AKI. Additionally, it is redistributed during AKI from the brush borders of the proximal tubular cells toward the basolateral membrane which positions villin-1 closer to the renal vasculature and suggests that it could be released in the blood as well, so can be as a novel biomarker for DGF.

Methods
Of 70 patients with end-stage renal disease with one or more risk factor for developing delayed graft function attending renal transplantation preparation clinics in ASUSH, IMC and NILE Badrawi hospital in Egypt from May 2016 to July 2019, 41 patients were eligible and assigned into two groups according to the correlation with the serum creatinine levels in the first two days post-transplantation after signed informed consent for participation in our study into group 1 (DGF group) and group 2 (NGF group). We measured the presence of villin-1 by ELISA technique (quantitative) in comparison to serum creatinine levels in plasma at the time of declamping (zero level), 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 12th, 24th, 48th, 72th 96th, 120th hour post declamping, also samples from normal population and chronic kidney disease stage V patients have been collected to establish reference range guide for plasmatic villin-1 in both groups.

Results
Statistically significant differences were noted in the comparison between both groups as regard the plasmatic villin-1 levels at the same measurement points in both groups, also plasmatic villin-1 started to rise above its reference range in the ESRD patients at the 5th hour post declamping while its peak was at the 7th hour in the DGF group’s recipients then started to decrease after that but didn’t settle down between the reference range guide during the regular follow up of its level till the 120th hour post declamping. the reference range guide was from 0.08 and 0.35 ng\ml in males and from 0.055 to 0.35 ng\ml in females in normal population while from 0.38 and 1.4 ng\ml in males and from 0.28 to 1.1 ng\ml in females in the ESRD patients.

Conclusions
Plasmatic villin-1 is a promising novel biomarker for detection of early graft dysfunction in kidney transplant. Due to restrictions of the study design these observations need further confirmation by prospective studies.
Clinical efficacy of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) for Treatment of Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus infection After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Ismail Mohamed Saleh Mohamed Ahmed , El Sayed Osama Aboelfotoh , El-Din Mohamed Mohamed Bahaa , Yousry Wael Ahmed , El-Din Maha Mohsen Kamal , Kumar Prasun Jalal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS
Recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of transplanted liver allografts is universal in patients with detectable HCV viremia at the time of transplantation. Directacting antiviral (DAA) therapy has been adopted as the standard of care for recurrent HCV infection in the post-transplant setting. However, there are insufficient data regarding its efficacy in liver transplant (LT) recipients with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the risk of HCC recurrence after DAA therapy is unknown. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate predictors of DAA treatment failure and HCC recurrence in LT recipients.

METHODS
A total of 106 LT recipients given DAAs for recurrent HCV infection from 2015 to 2019 were identified (68 with and 38 without HCC). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to estimate the multivariate odds ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals for predictors of treatment failure and HCC recurrence.

RESULTS
Six patients (6%) experienced DAA therapy failure and 100 (94%) had a sustained virologic response at follow-up week 12 (SVR12). A high alanine transaminase level &gt;35 U/L at treatment week 4 was a significant predictor of treatment failure. DAA failure at follow-up week 12 was significantly associated with post-transplantation HCC recurrence, (odds ratio, 10.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.0-121.6]; P = .05).

CONCLUSIONS
DAAs are effective and safe in the treatment of recurrent HCV infection in LT recipients with history of HCC. Lack of SVR12 is a predictor of post-transplantation HCC recurrence.
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Gene Polymorphisms as Predictive Markers for Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients
Authors: Ali- Eldin Zainab Ahmed , Attar Gamal El , Kaisar Hany Haroun , Samaan Amira Isaac , Hassan Marwa , Attia Mohammed Saad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most common cause of cancer, and ranks fourth among the causes of cancer-related death. Major risk factors for HCC include chronic alcohol consumption, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Other, less common causes are Wilson’s disease, hereditary hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis.

Objective
To investigate the associations of the genetic variants of PD-L1 (rs4143815 and rs2297136) with the risk of HCC in the Egyptian population.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted in co-operation between Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Ain-Shams University and the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute “between” March 2020 to July 2020. It included total participants of 138 Divided to Group (A): 35 normal people as control. Group (B): 51 patients with HCV infection and cirrhosis Group (c): 52 patients with HCV infection and cirrhosis with HCC. The patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Hospital (after consents were obtained).

Results
Also, the present study demonstrated that the functional polymorphisms (rs4143815) (CG) of the PD-L1 gene were associated with HCC risk as it is expressed in (53.3%) in HCC, (25.6%) in cirrhosis and (23.1%) in control group. And, rs4143815 (CG) show significant increase in Child C patients as (75%) Child C vs. (10%) Child A and (45%) was MELD/NA (20-29) vs. (10%) &lt;9 with (61%) of patients were stage D in BCLC. There is significant increase in rs4143815 (CG) with age as 95% of gene positive patients more than 50years.With no significant in gender as 70% males and 30% females and there is no significant in smoking and DM. So, PDL-1 gene polymorphism rs4143815 (CG) could be used as a predictive marker for HCC after validation by larger studies or met analysis.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that the functional polymorphisms (rs4143815) (CG) of the PD-L1 gene were associated with HCC risk as it is expressed in (53.3%) of HCC, (25.6%) of cirrhosis and (23.1) % of control group. There is significant increase in rs4143815 (CG) with age as 95% of gene positive patients more than 50 years with no significance in gender smoking and DM. rs4143815 (CG) show significant increase in Child C patients as (75%) Child C vs. (10%) Child A and (45%) of patients was MELD/NA (20-29) vs. (10%) &lt;9 and (70%) of patients were stage D in BCLC.
Effect of Eradication Helicobacter Pylori on Platelet Counts in Hepatitis C Infected Patients
Authors: El-Sawaby Ahmed Shawky , Awad Emad Ahmed , George Tari Magdy Aziz , Mahmoud Mostafa Adel Saber 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus and H.pylori are the world's leading etiologies of bacterial and viral human diseases. Egypt has the world's largest prevalence of HCV, which was estimated to be 14.7 percent nationally.

Objective
To detect the effect of H. pylori eradication on the platelet counts in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related CLD patients.

Patients and Methods
This prospective study was conducted at the Gastroenterology clinic, Internal Medicine department at Ain shams university and El-menofya hospital during the period of September 2017 to June 2018. 30 subjects were included in the study. All of them were chronic HCV infected patients (confirmed by HCV Ab and PCR for HCV) associated with thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000/μ) and were found to be H. pylori-positive (Confirmed active H.pylori infection by positive stool antigen test).

Results
Our results showed that there was highly statistically significant difference in platelets count with a pre-treatment range of 48-98 with mean±SD 82.40±14.16 and a post-treatment range of 50-123 with mean±SD 96.17±19.27 (10^3/cmm)

Conclusion
Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori leads to significant improvement of platelet counts in hepatitis C infected patients with thrombocytopenia.
Effect of Trans-Cinnamaldehyde on preformed biofilm and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli isolated from urine specimens
Authors: El-Haddad Eman Adel , El-Hady Soha Abdel Rahman , Hamid Amira Esmail Abdel , Fahim Hisham Abdel Majeed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Bacteria in most environments exist as communities of sessile cells in a selfproduced polymeric matrix known as biofilms. Biofilms are responsible for more than 80% of infections, including urinary tract infections (UTI). UTI is the most common hospital acquired infection, caused mainly by Escherichia coli (E.coli). E. coli can readily form biofilm in such infections, specially in the presence of indwelling urinary catheter. It’s difficult to eradicate bacteria in biofilms, since they are shielded from the host defense mechanisms as phagocytes and antibodies, as well as antibiotics. Searching for alternative or adjuvant substances for prevention and eradication of biofilm associated infections are therefore urgently needed.

Aim of the work
Studying the efficacy of the trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) for preventing E. coli biofilm formation.

Materials and methods
Thirty isolates of E.coli were obtained from urine samples. To test the effect of TC on E.coli biofilm formation and preformed biofilms, microtitre plates (MTP) were inoculated with the isolated E.coli and were treated with different concentrations of TC and incubated at 37° C. A colorimetric assay was used to assess biofilm inhibition and inactivation and optical densities (OD) were compared before and after adding different TC concentrations.

Results
The mean OD of the isolated E.coli biofilms was 1.3 and significantly decreased when mixed with TC different concentrations. TC had high activity in inhibition of preformed E.coli biofilms, where no biofilm was detected on MTP treated with 1.25% and 1.5% TC.

Conclusion
TC inhibited the biofilm forming ability of E.coli isolates could fully inactivate formed biofilms, suggesting its possibility to be used as an anti-biofilm agent or adjuvant in preventing and treating UTI caused by biofilm producing E.coli.
Assessment of serum zonulin as a marker of altered intestinal permeability in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nassef Prof.Dr. Ayman Mohamed , ElNabil Lobna Mohamed , Fouad Mohamed Mahmoud , Moussa Amira Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Here we enrolled patients into 3 groups:
Relapsing remittent MS in relapse (RRMS) [N = 26], progressive MS (progressive)
[N = 19] and relapsing remittent MS in remission (remission) [N = 18]
Control group matching age and sex [N = 20]
P-Value was &lt;0.001, which is significant in RRMS group in relation to progressive, remission and control groups.
P-Value was 0.849, which is insignificant in progressive group in relation to remission group.
P-Value was 0.584, which is insignificant in progressive group in relation to control group.
P-Value was 0.973, which is insignificant in remission group in relation to control group.

Aim of the Work
To investigate the possible association between IP changes and MS through measurement serum zonulin in different population of MS for possible implication on treatment.

Patients and Methods
A. Subjects

Type of the Study
A case control observational cross sectional study

Study Setting
The Neurology department of Ain Shams University hospitals.

Study Period
6 months to 1 year

Study Population
This study will enroll 92 subjects who will be divided into 4 groups; group 1 including 24patients with the diagnosis of relapsing remittent MS (RRMS) who are in relapse phase within one week from the time of sample withdrawal, group 2 including 24 patients with the diagnosis of RRMS who are in remission phase, group 3 including 24 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and group 4 including 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Results
In the RRMS group of this study, serum Zonulin varying between (12_ 93) with mean 28.692 and +\-22.894 SD.
In the progressive group of this study, serum Zonulin varying between (2_ 18) with mean
8.021 and +\-3.866 SD.
In the remission group of this study, serum Zonulin varying between (1.5_ 11) with mean
4.522 and +\-3.026 SD.
In the control group of this study, serum Zonulin varying between (1.3_ 6) with mean
2.690 and +\-1.292 SD.
P-Value was &lt;0.001, which is significant in RRMS group in relation to progressive, remission and control groups.
P-Value was 0.849, which is insignificant in progressive group in relation to remission group.
P-Value was 0.584, which is insignificant in progressive group in relation to control group.
P-Value was 0.973, which is insignificant in remission group in relation to control group.

Conclusion
this study included 62 patients diagnosed as multiple sclerosis that are divided into 3 groups and serum Zonulin level was assessed in each group and the results were significant in the relapse group which indicates autoimmune theory of MS and link between gut barrier and CNS also illustrated the role of gut microbiota in the MS. It also supported disintegration of intestinal barrier during the attack of MS for further work up studies regarding oral medication in the acute attack of MS.
Correlation of Serum Albumin Level with Short Term Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: El-Din Mahmud Mohammed Saad , EL-Khawas Hala Mahmoud , El Din Mahmoud Afify Hossam , Tawfik Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to Detect if there is association between serum albumin level in acute ischemic stroke patients and its short term neurological and functional outcome in a tertiary care hospital in Cairo.

Methods
The study was carried out as descriptive (cross-sectional) study conducted on 50 cases first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients were enrolled between June 2018 to December 2018 with follow up after 30 days of discharge from hospital. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly exercised. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was noted. Serum albumin (SA) was estimated from blood Clinical, functional, and radiological evaluation was done for the patients. Statistical SPSS 20.0 software and Microsoft excel were used for statistical analysis (P ≤ 0.05).Relationship between serum albumin and stroke outcome was determined.

Results
A total of 50 stroke cases were thus included in the study comprising 34 males and 16 females. The mean age of patients was 40-65 [59.26±6.25] years, we found the most prevalent risk factors in the present study results were hypertension 36 (72.0%). The mean serum level of albumin were (3.73±0.63) on day o of onset and (3.72±0.63) after 30 days of discharge from hospital. Bivariate analysis shows serum albumin was inversely associated with NIHS score and mRS on day o of onset and after 30 days of discharge from hospital which were NIHSS(r= -0.264, P = 0.044) (r= -0.645, P = &lt;0.001) and mrs (r= -0.321, P = 0.031) (r= -0.587, P = &lt;0.001) respectively.

Conclusion
Hypoalbuminemia had influence to degree of stroke severity, degree of disability and functional outcome. Serum albumin levels had a negatively correlation with NIHSS score and modified Rankin scale. Low serum albumin levels associated with poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients.
The Impact of Psychiatry Round on The Attitude of Medical Students towards Psychiatry as a specialty and a career
Authors: Ahmed S , Ramy H , Abdel Moneim D , Youssef M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Psychiatry workplace shortage is a major problem seen in many countries around the world. This could be attributed to negative attitude of medical students towards psychiatry as a career for the past decades despite that medical students are exposed to psychiatry and behavioral science in most courses, starting in the preclinical years and progressing to clinical clerkships in the later years.

Aim of the Work
our study aims to assess the attitude of a sample of medical students towards psychiatry as a specialty and a career before the psychiatry round and the impact of psychiatry round on their attitude.

Patients and Methods
A sample of 50 participants was taken from both 4th and 5th grade of medical students. The socioeconomic status was assessed using socioeconomic status scale (SES), the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to assess the presence of minor psychiatric illness, the Attitude towards Psychiatry scale (ATP-30) was used to evaluate the attitude of students before psychiatric round and its impact afterwards.

Results
A total of 50 participants were enrolled, consisted of 24 males with 48% of sample and 26 females by 52% of total sample .There was a significant positive change in the attitude of participants toward psychiatry by a P value = 0.041, also it showed increasing in the percentage of the participants that will choose psychiatry as a career after the round than those before receiving the round.

Conclusion
The findings in our study highlight the positive effect of psychiatry round on the undergraduate attitude toward psychiatry as a post-graduation career, and that it could be considered as a strengthening point which can be used to compact stigma towards psychiatry as a career, as well as stigma towards mental illness and the mentally ill.
Depression and psychological burden in a sample of caregivers of children with CKD
Authors: Hassan Y , Saad A , Abdel Moneim D , El hawary Y 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Studies have suggested that caregivers of patients with chronic illnesses experience higher rates of depression and burden than the general population.

The Aim of this study
To assess the rate of depression and psychological burden in caregivers of children with CKD and compare it with a healthy control group.

Patients and Methods
This is a case control comparative study conducted in El Demerdash pediatric hospital aimed at screening symptoms of depression and psychological burden in a sample of 30 cases of caregivers of children with CKD compared to 30 controls of caregivers, as well as socioeconomic stress as a factor for burden and depression.

Results
The current study confirmed that caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease have significantly more depression and psychological burden compared to their matched controls.

Conclusion
There is a high rate of depression and burden in caregivers of children with CKD which often go unnoticed and neglected.