bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variables Impacting Nursing Home Goals of Care Discussions and Order Implementation During COVID-19
Authors: Burack Orah , Reinhardt Joann , Mak Wingyun , Weerahandi Himali , Canter Benjamin , Boockvar Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nursing home (NH) residents are especially vulnerable to COVID-19, disproportionately suffering from severe illness and death. As such, resident Goals of Care (GOC) often had to be quickly established to ensure treatment preferences were known and respected. This study examined variables related to the occurrence of GOC discussions and added orders (Do Not Resuscitate, Do Not Intubate, and Do Not Hospitalize), including demographic, physical functioning, cognitive impairment, depression, number of diagnoses, and Optum participation (Optum provided added specialized care by nurse practitioners who routinely address GOC preferences). Subjects were 286 COVID positive residents from a large NYC NH. All data were obtained from the NH’s electronic medical records. Patient median age was 81 n (interquartile range 71-88), 59% were female, 61% were long stay (stay &gt;100 days) and 39% were short stay. Using bivariate correlations we found that older short stay residents were more likely to have GOC conversations. Additionally, older, cognitively impaired, Optum participants were more likely to have orders added. When all independent variables were entered into binary logistic regressions, only older age and being a primary English speaker were significantly related to the occurrence of GOC conversations (□2= 21.76**; N=278; Nagelkerke R2 = .10), while older age and being an Optum participant were related to added orders (□2=32.18**; N=164; Nagelkerke R2 = .24). Results have implications for (1) ensuring the GOC wishes of diverse populations are known and abided by and (2) improving the quality of clinician – resident GOC discussions.
The Seasons of COVID-19: understanding the mood of older adults in the UK through a barometer survey spanning 12 months
Authors: Palmarini Nicola , Mitchell Alex , Hall Lesley , McNaughton James , Nixon Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 on older adults has been analysed through different research approaches. However, with its sudden global spread, combined with uncertainty about which countermeasures would be employed, there was a lack of opportunity to systematically and continuously engage in a system of observing the moods of older adults forced to live in unexpected conditions. Ageist narratives, social distancing, the unending barrage of real and fake news, and the lockdowns, have given rise to what we define as a series of “seasons” of life, characterised not by the weather barometer, but by moods of people. How much did these external events, like the impact of weather, affect the mood of older adults? We immediately recognised the pandemic’s long-term nature, and thanks to our position as an "observatory" of social dynamics, and because of our existing community of older adults (VOICE), we could involve our members to provide valuable insights about mood and wellbeing during the pandemic. We initiated a weekly pulse survey, based on the two same questions, starting in week 13 of 2020. Across the 50 weeks which followed, we received 2577 responses. They rated their mood on a scale of 1 (extra-stormy) to 5 (all sunshine), before we collated the data and mapped on key events related to media announcements and political decisions. Our research showed the impact of these events on the mood of participants, and the potential of this approach to identify trends in mood to help policy makers with informed decision-making during unprecedented times.
Type 2 Diabetes Management Among Older Black American Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Sherman Ledric , Comer-HaGans DeLawnia , Vera Sara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As COVID-19 swept across the globe in 2020, it appeared to have infected and killed Black Americans at a disproportionately higher rate. However, few studies have focused specifically on the complications of managing diabetes, expressly type 2 diabetes (T2D), among Black men during the global pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to seek understanding of the experiences in managing T2D among Black men during the COVID-19 pandemic. One on one interviews were conducted via Zoom video conferencing with twenty-two (n=22) Black men regarding their experience of managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a pandemic environment. Four main themes emerged from the study, which are: (1) stress levels during the pandemic, (2) barriers to managing my diabetes, (3) who/what is helping the most, and (4) communication with health-care provider. As more information becomes available, it is apparent that having diabetes increases the risk for detrimental COVID-19 outcomes (i.e. increased lengths of hospital stays, the need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Future research efforts are crucially needed to provide an improved understanding of how individuals across all racial groups are managing diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Loneliness and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Cognitively Impaired Older Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Padala Prasad , Jendro Ashlyn , Gauss Clinton , Wilson Kerrie , Das Aparna , House Samuel , Mooney Scott , Padala Kalpana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Cognitively impaired older adults living in the community have been vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 confinement. The current study’s objectives were to examine the prevalence of loneliness in such adults along with impact of COVID-19 on neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in community dwelling cognitively impaired older Veterans (N=41). Demographic data such as age, gender, race, and rurality were collected. Loneliness data were collected with the 3-item Loneliness Questionnaire. Cognition was assessed with the Tele-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) and functional status of instrumental activities of daily living was assessed with the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Neuropsychiatry symptoms including severity and distress were collected using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and change during COVID was also recorded for each symptom. Results: Demographic characteristics included: mean age of 71.9 (±8.6) years, 95.1% male, 46.3% rural, 75.6% Caucasian, and 19.5% African American. Loneliness was prevalent in most participants (62.5%). T-MoCA and FAQ mean scores were 15.1 (±4.5) and 10.0 (±8.6), respectively. Mean NPI total severity and total distress were 8.4 (±5.9) and 11.4 (±8.5), respectively. Irritability was most frequently reported symptom (65%), followed by agitation (57.5%), anxiety (55%), depression (50%), and night-time behavior (50%). A majority of the participants reported worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms during COVID (71.1%). Among those that reported worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms, 70.4% noted an increase in ≥ two symptoms. Conclusion: Older adults with pre-existent cognitive impairment may be at high risk for loneliness and worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms during the COVID pandemic.
Social Determinants of Health And The Onset of Dementia in Later Life
Authors: Liu Darren , Yamashita Takashi , Burston Betty , Guthikonda Chetana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dementia is a debilitating neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by deterioration in memory, cognitive, behavioral, and physical capacity. Recent research has indicated that some early-life social determinants of health (SDH), which vary by race/ethnicity may hold clues to the onset of dementia. Although early life clinical risk factors of dementia have been identified, early-life SDH such as education, sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics are yet to be collated. This review study focused on early-life (less than18 years of age) SDH in relation to cognitive decline in later life and differences across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. A systematic review of articles in and after January of 1999 was conducted using Scoping Reviews - an approach for evidence synthesis to determine the coverage of a body of literature. Studies that report the impact of early-life social determinants on late-life cognitive decline were identified through the searches of CINAHL, Global Health, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases. Our initial database search resulted in 823 studies, and of those, 102 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The systematic review identified the following risk factors: lower education (34%), lower socioeconomic status (25%), Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) (14%), exposure to environmental toxins (11%), food insecurity (6.8%), and rural residence (4%). Although education and socioeconomic status are well-known risk factors of cognitive decline in later life, other understudied factors such as food insecurity and residing in rural areas are yet to be explored. Implications in terms of understanding the link between early life SDH and dementia in later life are discussed.
Does Useful Field of Vision Predict Attention While Driving Between Young and Older Adults?
Authors: Dunterman Rebecca , INTRIERI R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Insurance Information Institute (2017) reports drivers aged 65 and up are involved in the second highest rate of fatal car crashes. It is important that there is a fair and standardized assessment to test driving fitness. The prime objective was to assess the utility of the Useful Field of View (UFOV) across young and old groups to predict performance on a simulated driving exercise. Community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older (n=48) and students (n=48) recruited from an undergraduate research pool served as participants. They completed a series of demographic, health and cognitive measures, besides a Useful Field of Vison (UFOV) task and a driving simulation exercise. Results showed that collision avoidance and braking varied between age groups, with older adults appearing to be less likely to avoid collision (Older M = 12.46, SD = 10.25, Younger (M = 7.96, SD =4.92; n = 47), but quicker to brake (Older M = 3.64, SD = 3.41, Younger M = 9.79, SD =7.91). There were group differences for driving simulator performance, predicted by cognitive measures (Young; R2 = .099, p = 0.005; Old; R2 = 0.094, p = 0.038). UFOV scores did not predict group differences in driving simulator performance (Young; R2 = 0.009, p = 0.664; β = 0.089, p = 0.437) , (Older; R2 = 0.061, p = 0.522; UFOV-DA β = -0.074, p = 0.555; UFOV_SA β = 0.289, p = 0.194). These findings have implication for the development of pragmatic capacity to drive assessments.
Not Seeing Double: Discordance in Disease, Function, and Their Longitudinal Associations in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Teas Elizabeth , Robertson Olivia , Marceau Kristine , Friedman Elliot 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Prior research on the causality and directionality between disease and functional limitations is ambiguous. The current study used longitudinal monozygotic twin data to test both directions linking disease burden and functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults, controlling for genetic and familial factors. We also examined potential moderation by psychological well-being. The Twins sub-sample from the first two waves of the longitudinal Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study was used (Wave 1: 1995-1996, Wave 2: 2004-2006). Only monozygotic twins (N = 713) were included in analyses. In separate multi-level models, we examined disease burden at MIDUS 2 predicted by functional limitations at MIDUS 1 and MIDUS 2 functional limitations predicted by disease burden at MIDUS 1. Disease burden and functional limitations at MIDUS 2 varied substantially within families. There was no within-family association of earlier functional limitations with change in later disease burden (b = .40, p = .39), but there was a within-family association such that the twin with higher baseline disease burden had a greater increase in functional limitations than his/her co-twin (b = .06, p = .02). Well-being was not a moderator in either model. We found support for a potentially causal association between earlier disease burden and later increases in functional limitations, consistent with the Disablement Process Model. Sensitivity analyses confirm the detected within-family effect. Possible mechanisms linking disease burden and functional limitations are discussed as potential targets for future research.
Evaluating a Geriatric Educational Program: Exploring Opportunities for Increasing Impact and Scale
Authors: Hosseini Shera , Howard Michelle , Ward Allison 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The geriatric population is rapidly growing, and this growth is beyond the pace of increase in the number of healthcare professionals who are qualified to care for and tend to the various needs of this significant subgroup of the population. The current university curricula have not been sufficient in terms of quantity as well as their ability to address the ageism inherent in the perspectives of students from across the educational spectrum. In recognition of the absence of standardized geriatric guidelines, medical associations across Canada and the United States have established geriatric learning competencies for medical programs. Nevertheless, there are exiting gaps regarding the development and evaluation of geriatric-focused didactic programs that adequately train and build competency among the students interested in pursuing careers with geriatric-specific elements. A university-wide program was developed to enhance aging education and build competency through sparking interest, providing better education related to aging, and building better relationships between future healthcare professionals and older adults. To evaluate the impact of this program, a logical framework was developed a-priori and revised through constant iterations and following discussion with the program’s multidisciplinary stakeholder group. Quantitative measures are being augmented with in-depth qualitative interviews to explore elements influencing students’ experiences with the program and the effect on their interests in and attitudes towards geriatrics. The results will inform our conclusions regarding program effectiveness in enhancing interest in geriatric-focused education among the students and trainees and assist with recommending future directions regarding impact and large-scale dissemination and implementation.
The 4Ms Provide A Structural Framework For Organizing Educational Materials
Authors: Duthie Edmund , Simpson Deborah , Szymkowski Amanda , Denson Kathryn , Denson Steven 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The John A Hartford Foundation and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)’s 4Ms of mentation, mobility, medications and (what) matters most provide a much-needed framework for helping system leaders and frontline teams consistently deliver high-quality, age-friendly care. Geriatric Fast Facts (GFFs) is a virtual resource providing teachers/learners with peer-reviewed, evidence-based summaries on topics essential to older adult care via a searchable website [www.geriatricfastfacts.com]. To determine if GFFs can be classified by the 4Ms we initially did a free text search of all GFFs. That revealed GFFs whose foci were unrelated to the 4Ms (e.g., mobility emerged in a fluoroscopy GFF as a minor element related to patient positioning). Therefore, all GFFs were independently reviewed by a geriatrician and the website manager and classified according to the 4M rubric (a single GFF can be classified in multiple M’s such as #93 on Age Friendly Health Systems). Any differences were adjudicated by the GFF editor. 64% (60/ 93) of GFFs strongly linked to one of the 4Ms. The number of GFFs dedicated to the 4Ms are as follows: 20 what matters most, 18 medications, 13 mentation, and 9 mobility. Those that were not coded within 4Ms were often very disease/specialty oriented. A total of 36 were not classified. For example, GGF #39 focuses on the etiologies of anemia among older adults. The 4M framework can be easily applied to educational materials to support consistent and clear conceptual model across learning conditions and materials.
Applying the New World Kirkpatrick Model to evaluate an online training course introducing a multi-sensory device
Authors: Perion Jennifer , Steiner Victoria , Kinney Jennifer , McBride Kimberly , Saltzman Barbara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Online education offers care providers flexibility and convenience. Applying the New World Kirkpatrick Model of training evaluation, this descriptive study evaluated the design and content of a 30-40 minute online training course that introduces direct-care workers to a multi-sensory device to help manage dementia symptoms in older adults. Following course completion, an online survey obtained ratings of engagement (i.e., aesthetics, ease of use, novelty, and involvement), relevance, and knowledge/skills gained from the training using a 5-point Likert scale. A convenience sample of 72 undergraduate students enrolled in health science and human service programs at a Midwestern university participated. The majority were white (83.3%), non-Hispanic (81.9%) females (88.9%). Most participants agreed or strongly agreed (median=4) with positive statements related to engagement with the course. Statements about relevance to their intended career were rated even higher (median=5). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for matched pairs revealed statistically significant improvements on self-reported pre-post knowledge/skills scores (p&lt;0.005). The results indicated that participants found the training aesthetically pleasing, easy to use, novel, and that it encouraged user involvement. Participants thought the topics covered were relevant to the professional career they are pursing, and they learned new knowledge/skills. Responses to open-ended questions suggested improvements to the design (e.g., color choice) and content (e.g., expanded topics and resources). Future research will evaluate a revised course with direct-care workers who will use the multi-sensory device in long term care facilities. Subsequently, an intervention study will determine the effectiveness of the device in increasing the well-being of people with dementia.
Aging in the Aftermath of Adversity: Later-Life Impact of Institutional Child Abuse and Disclosure
Authors: Rohner Shauna , Maercker Andreas , Carr Alan , Thoma Myriam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Until the 1990’s in Ireland, many children in institutional care experienced abuse and neglect, with lasting negative effects, including trauma symptoms and psychopathology. While trauma disclosure can be important for recovery, findings are inconsistent and often lack consideration of wider social and interpersonal contexts. As survivors of this historical adversity enter later-life stages, research is needed on the long-term impact and to clarify the role of disclosure. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the later-life impact of institutional child abuse on health and well-being, and the role of trauma disclosure and socio-interpersonal contexts in an older adult sample. Qualitative semi-structured interviews (60-120 minutes) were conducted with 17 Irish older adults, aged 50-77 years (mean age=60.7 years), who experienced childhood institutional abuse. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed using Framework Analysis. Themes for ‘childhood and related later-life adversity’ included detrimental perceptions and interactions, re-exposure and reminders, failure of system and society, and cycle of abuse. Disclosure themes included successful, unsuccessful, and non-disclosure, as well as evidence of socio-interpersonal interactions (e.g., non-disclosure influenced by shame or fear, compounded by socio-cultural values, (lack of) social acknowledgment, or the power of the church in society). Results suggest that childhood institutional abuse can have long-term negative impacts into later life, including social, psychological, physical health, and socio-economic aspects. Disclosure results emphasize the need to consider the complex social, cultural, and interpersonal contexts within which an individual is embedded. This may enhance understanding and facilitate targeted health and social care services for this older adult population.
Age Differences in Awe Among Young, Middle-aged, and Older Adults: Extensions of Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
Authors: Ebert Alexandria , Patrick Julie Hicks , Huggins Maya , Yadava Aradhita , Collett Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Increases in motivation for the pursuit of emotionally meaningful goals and activities as people age (socioemotional selectivity theory; SST) necessitates the investigation of means in which these goals and activities can be realized. In the present study adults (N = 130) aged 25 to 78 (M = 53.32; SD = 15.181) watched awe-inducing (view of space) and happiness-inducing (comedian Robin Williams interacting with Koko the “talking gorilla”) videos and then completed measures associated with awe, affect, and well-being (measured via PGC Positive and Negative Affect Scales). Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to examine the effect of age (split by young, middle-aged, and older) on experiences of awe and positive affect in response to watching each video. There was a main effect of age on experiences of awe for both videos (ps &lt; 05). Specifically, older adults experienced significantly higher levels of awe than young adults (p &lt; .05) in response to video 1. They also experienced significantly higher levels of awe than young adults (p &lt; .01) in response to video 2. Bivariate correlations among awe, well-being, and happiness were similar in strength and magnitude in each age group (ps &lt; .05). Overall, consistent with Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, our findings suggest that affective reactions of awe and happiness, induced by videos, relate to well-being across age-groups. Future work should test whether the use of these awe-inducing videos can improve well-being.