bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the clearance of serious crime: the case of aggravated assault
Authors: Scott Thomas , Wellford Charles 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis paper addresses the clearance of aggravated assaults (AAs). Specifically, the authors consider variations in these clearances over time for large agencies and test which crime, investigation and agency factors are associated with the likelihood of clearance by arrest or exceptional means. In doing this work, they seek to extend the understanding of how police can improve their investigations and ability to solve serious offenses.Design/methodology/approachUsing case, investigative and organizational data collected from seven large police departments selected on the basis of their trajectory of index crime clearances, and measures of case characteristics, investigative effort and organizational best practices, this paper uses descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze AA investigations and case clearance.FindingsKey findings include the following: trajectories of AA clearance vary across large agencies and covary with a measure of organizational best practices, and the relationship between investigative effort and case clearance can depend on organizational practices. The authors find that measures of investigative effort are either not related to case clearance or there is a negative association.Research limitations/implicationsNow that police researchers have a better understanding of AAs and their investigations, they need to test how this knowledge can be used to improve the quality of police investigations. Tests, preferably multi-agency randomized control trials, of new investigative strategies and organizational practices are needed.Originality/valueThis research is original in that it uses a multi-agency sample and crime, investigation and organizational measures to understand AA clearance.
Coprobacter secundus subsp. similis subsp. nov. and Solibaculum mannosilyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human feces
Authors: Sakamoto Mitsuo , Ikeyama Nao , Toyoda Atsushi , Murakami Takumi , Mori Hiroshi , Morohoshi Sho , Kunihiro Tadao , Iino Takao , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn obligately anaerobic, Gram‐stain‐negative, rod‐shaped bacterium, designated strain 2CBH44T, was isolated from the fecal sample of a healthy Japanese man. This strain was initially assigned as a novel species of the genus Coprobacter based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities compared with other Coprobacter species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed strain 2CBH44T had relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.5%) to Coprobacter secundus 177T. However, strain 2CBH44T showed 96.9% average nucleotide identity value with C. secundus 177T, indicating that strain 2CBH44T and C. secundus 177T belong to the same species. On the other hand, the digital DNA‐DNA hybridization value between strain 2CBH44T and C. secundus 177T was 73.5%, indicating that strain 2CBH44T is a subspecies of C. secundus. Another anaerobic, Gram‐stain‐variable, rod‐shaped bacterium, designated strain 12CBH8T, was also isolated from human feces. Strain 12CBH8T had significantly low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<92.0%) to the validated bacterial species within the family Oscillospiraceae. The percentage of conserved protein values between the genome of strain 12CBH8T and that of the validated related taxa were <50%, suggesting that strain 12CBH8T belongs to a novel genus. On the basis of the collected data, strain 2CBH44T represents a novel subspecies of C. secundus, for which the name Coprobacter secundus subsp. similis subsp. nov. (type strain 2CBH44T = JCM 34079T = DSM 111570T) is proposed. Strain 12CBH8T represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Solibaculum mannosilyticum gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain 12CBH8T = JCM 34081T = DSM 111571T) is proposed.
The Basque Heroine Libe and the Nationalist Press (1895–1936)
Authors: Arrieta Leyre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe founder of Basque nationalism, Sabino Arana, wrote Libe. Melodrama dramático (a dramatic melodrama) in 1902. Arana placed the heroine ‘Libe’ in a medieval battle. She was created to convey what the role of Basque women should be in defending their Homeland. Arana died shortly after the script was published in 1903. His successors attempted to disseminate the play and publicise the character and meaning of Libe in the press and the theatre. This article analyses how Libe was presented in the nationalist press and the impact of the successive adaptations and performances of the play . It covers the treatment of female heroism in the nationalist press based on the theoretical framework provided in the research by Teresa del Valle, Mercedes Ugalde, Miren Llona and Nerea Aresti, all of whom have conducted in‐depth studies on the gender discourse of Basque nationalism. The article goes on to consider the scripts of the two plays featuring the Basque heroine Libe, together with the archives of the Basque nationalist press from the onset of the movement in 1895 until the outbreak of the Spanish civil war in 1936.
Mortality Inequality in Finland*
Authors: Huttunen Kristiina , Lombardi Stefano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study inequality in mortality in Finland using registry data that cover the whole population for years 1990–2018. We create municipality‐level indices of regional deprivation (poverty rate), and show how age‐specific mortality rates have evolved across regions and over time. The inequality in mortality has been remarkably low over the time period for most age groups. However, among young and prime‐age males, the mortality rates have been persistently higher in the poorer areas. For these age groups, the leading causes of death are deaths of despair (alcohol and suicides) and accidents. For the cohorts that were young during the deep recession of the early 1990s, we also document higher inequality in middle‐age mortality than for cohorts entering the labour market in recovery periods.
Performance, clinical effectiveness, and safety of immunoadsorption in a wide range of indications
Authors: Fuchs Kornelius , Rummler Silke , Ries Wolfgang , Helmschrott Matthias , Selbach Jochen , Ernst Friedlinde , Morath Christian , Gauly Adelheid , Atiye Saynab , Stauss‐Grabo Manuela , Giefer Mareike 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmunoadsorption is well known to selectively remove immunoglobulins and immune complexes from plasma and is applied in a variety of autoimmune diseases and for desensitization before, or at acute rejection after organ transplantation. Performance, safety, and clinical effectiveness of immunoadsorption were the aim of this study. This prospective, noninterventional, multicentre cohort study included patients treated with immunoadsorption (Immunosorba or GLOBAFFIN adsorbers) for any indication. Clinical effectiveness was assessed after termination of the patient's individual treatment schedule. Eighty‐one patients were included, 69 were treated with Immunosorba, 11 with GLOBAFFIN, one patient with both adsorbers. A majority of patients was treated for neurological indications, dilated cardiomyopathy, and before or after kidney or heart transplantation. Mean IgG reduction from pre‐ to post‐treatment was 69.9% ± 11.5% for Immunosorba and 74.1% ± 5.0% for GLOBAFFIN, respectively. The overall IgG reduction over a complete treatment block was 68%–93% with Immunosorba and 62%–90% with GLOBAFFIN depending on the duration of the overall treatment. After termination of the immunoadsorption therapy, an improvement of clinical status was observed in 63.0%, stabilization of symptoms in 29.6%, and a deterioration in 4.9% of patients. Changes in fibrinogen, thrombocytes, and albumin were mostly classified as noncritical. Overall, the treatments were well tolerated. Immunoadsorption in routine clinical practice with both GLOBAFFIN and Immunosorba has been safely performed, was well tolerated by patients, and effective in lowering immunoglobulins with an improvement or maintenance of clinical status, thus represents an additional therapeutic option for therapy refractory immune disorders.
What's Past is Prologue: Twenty Years of EuroChoices Analysed
Authors: Blandford David , Banse Martin 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis article analyses the content of EuroChoices since its launch in 2001 using textual analysis and a classification of subject matter. The results illuminate the wide coverage of topical issues in agricultural and related policies in the journal. While the focus has been predominantly on Europe and the European Union’s CAP has been a major focus of analysis, there has been considerable coverage of policies in other geographical areas, such as the United States. Over time, the emphasis of contributions has broadened from price and income support policies to those in other areas, including innovation and competitiveness, the environment, rural development, climate change, animal health and welfare, and nutrition and human health. Special Issues and Special Sections have been used to provide in‐depth treatment of topical issues, most recently Brexit and Covid‐19. Many contributions have demonstrated how improvements in data, information and analytical methods (both quantitative and qualitative) can help to illuminate policy issues. The analysis provides important lessons for the future content of the journal. These are: up‐to‐date provision of policy information and analysis; topical treatment of emerging issues; the provision of multiple perspectives on policy options; and in particular the presentation of the results of qualitative and quantitative economic analysis in an understandable form.
The comparison analysis of polyphyllin I and its analogues induced apoptosis of colon and lung cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: You Li‐Jiao , Geng Huan , Yang Xiao‐Fang , Wei Gui‐Lin , Zhu Ya‐Di , Ge Guang‐Bo , Lei Ming , Wang Dan‐Dan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyphyllin I (PPI) and its analogues, including polyphyllin II (PPII), polyphyllin VI (PPVI) and polyphyllin VII (PPVII), are major bioactive compounds isolated from the Chinese herb Chonglou. However, the susceptibilities of PPI and its analogues towards the different cell lines are diversified and the mechanisms are not fully clarified. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of PPI and its analogues on two different cell lines, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms of these agents via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. The results showed that PPI and its analogues were cytotoxic agents towards both A549 and HT‐29 cells, with IC50 values ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 μmol/L. Further investigations demonstrated that they decreased the mitochondrial membrane potentials of both A549 and HT‐29 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Among all tested compounds, PPVI and PPI induced the most obvious changes in Ca2+ haemostasis in these two cell lines. In addition, they could induce the accumulation of ROS in cells and down‐regulated the Bcl‐2 expression, up‐regulated the Bax expression and induced the activity of cleaved caspase‐3 in cells. Collectively, our findings clearly demonstrated the cytotoxic differences and mechanisms of PPI and its analogues induced cell apoptosis and could partially explain the anticancer effects of these natural constituents in Chonglou.
Regression‐based negative control of homophily in dyadic peer effect analysis
Authors: Liu Lan , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA prominent threat to causal inference about peer effects in social science studies is the presence of homophily bias , that is, social influence between friends and families is entangled with common characteristics or underlying similarities that form close connections. Analysis of social study data has suggested that certain health conditions such as obesity and psychological states including happiness and loneliness can spread between friends and relatives. However, such analyses of peer effects or contagion effects have come under criticism because homophily bias may compromise the causal statement. We develop a regression‐based approach which leverages a negative control exposure for identification and estimation of contagion effects on additive or multiplicative scales, in the presence of homophily bias. We apply our methods to evaluate the peer effect of obesity in Framingham Offspring Study.
The Neuropsychological Symptoms Self‐Report: psychometric properties in an adolescent and young adult mental health cohort
Authors: Allott Kelly , Gao Caroline X. , Fisher Caroline , Hetrick Sarah E , Filia Kate M , Menssink Jana M , Herrman Helen E , Rickwood Debra J , Parker Alexandra G , McGorry Patrick D , Cotton Sue M 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSubjective cognitive symptoms are common in young people receiving mental health treatment and are associated with poorer outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Neuropsychological Symptoms Self‐Report (NSSR), an eight‐item measure recently developed to provide a snapshot of young people’s perceived change in cognitive functioning in relation to mental health treatment.MethodThe sample included 633 youth aged 12–25 years (Mage = 18.2, 66.5% female, 88.6% Australian‐born) who had sought mental health treatment in primary headspace services. At three‐month follow‐up, participants completed the NSSR and self‐report measures of depression and anxiety.ResultsExcellent internal consistency was found: Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93. The NSSR had negative correlations with self‐reported anxiety (r = −.33, p < .001) and depression (r = −.48, p < .001) symptoms, suggesting a link with affective symptoms, but still independence of constructs. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single‐factor model. Item response theory (IRT) analysis suggested good model fit (homogeneity, data integrity, scalability, local independence and monotonicity) for all items. There was some evidence of measurement noninvariance (for item thresholds) by sex and age, but not diagnosis. IRT models also supported briefer six‐ and three‐item versions of the NSSR.ConclusionIn busy clinical practice, clinicians need a rapid and reliable method for determining whether cognitive symptoms are of concern and in need of further assessment and treatment. Study findings support the NSSR as a brief, psychometrically sound measure for assessing subjective cognitive functioning in adolescents and young adults receiving mental health treatment.
Visiting borders in education: A creative approach with children in primary education
Authors: Daelman Silke , De Schauwer Elisabeth , Van Hove Geert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study engages with children sharing experiences of belonging at school, of receiving access and of exploring complex relationalities along shifting borders in educational spaces. Their understandings offer a magnifying glass on normativity, difference and social positions in school spaces. Through ‘flattening and folding’ with material and theoretical concepts, the authors map how qualitative data images made by children and theory constitute one another to make sense of complex relationalities discussed by children. The project desires to make sense of blurry borders that exclude children in educational contexts and to push borders in methods and ethics in research with children.
A framework for allocating conservation resources among multiple threats and actions
Authors: Moore Joslin L. , Camaclang Abbey E. , Moore Alana L. , Hauser Cindy E. , Runge Michael C. , Picheny Victor , Rumpff Libby 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLand managers decide how to allocate resources among multiple threats that can be addressed through multiple possible actions. Additionally, these actions vary in feasibility, effectiveness, and cost. We sought to provide a way to optimize resource allocation to address multiple threats when multiple management options are available, including mutually exclusive options. Formulating the decision as a combinatorial optimization problem, our framework takes as inputs the expected impact and cost of each threat for each action (including do nothing) and for each overall budget identifies the optimal action to take for each threat. We compared the optimal solution to an easy to calculate greedy algorithm approximation and a variety of plausible ranking schemes. We applied the framework to management of multiple introduced plant species in Australian alpine areas. We developed a model of invasion to predict the expected impact in 50 years for each species‐action combination that accounted for each species’ current invasion state (absent, localized, widespread); arrival probability; spread rate; impact, if present, of each species; and management effectiveness of each species‐action combination. We found that the recommended action for a threat changed with budget; there was no single optimal management action for each species; and considering more than one candidate action can substantially increase the management plan's overall efficiency. The approximate solution (solution ranked by marginal cost‐effectiveness) performed well when the budget matched the cost of the prioritized actions, indicating that this approach would be effective if the budget was set as part of the prioritization process. The ranking schemes varied in performance, and achieving a close to optimal solution was not guaranteed. Global sensitivity analysis revealed a threat's expected impact and, to a lesser extent, management effectiveness were the most influential parameters, emphasizing the need to focus research and monitoring efforts on their quantification.
966. CLAVIJA DOMINGENSIS
Authors: Jestrow Brett , Cinea William , Peguero Brígido , Husby Chad , Francisco‐Ortega Javier 
Published: April 2021

SummaryClavija domingensis Urb. & Ekman was one of the many Haitian endemics that were described based on collections made by the great Swedish botanist Leonard Ekman between 1924 and 1928. The species is Critically Endangered sensu IUCN (criteria c2a(i); D) and it is currently the focus of conservation initiatives in Jardin Botanique des Cayes (Haiti), Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael M. Moscoso (Dominican Republic), and Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (U.S.A.). Now known from only six localities from southern Haiti, each locality only represents a single individual. The species is illustrated based on plants grown in Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden.
967. CYNORKIS ACONITIFLORA
Authors: Hermans Johan , Rajaovelona Landy , Sieder Anton 
Published: April 2021

SummaryCynorkis aconitiflora Hermans, Andriant. & Sieder from Madagascar was formally described in 2017. It is illustrated here and a full description, history and conservation assessment are provided. It is compared with similar species from the region.
968. CYNORKIS CHRISTAE
Authors: Hermans Johan , Rajaovelona Landy , Sieder Anton 
Published: April 2021

SummaryCynorkis christae Hermans, Andriant. & Sieder, from Madagascar was first described a few years ago; it has the largest flowers in the genus. It is compared with similar species from the region; a full description, history, conservation assessment and detailed illustrations are provided.
969. CYNORKIS ELEPHANTINA
Authors: Hermans Johan , Rajaovelona Landy , Sieder Anton 
Published: April 2021

SummaryCynorkis elephantina Hermans, Andriant. & Sieder from Madagascar was formally described in 2017. It is illustrated here and a full description, history and conservation assessment are provided. It is compared with similar species from the region, especially Cynorkis mammuthus Hermans & P.J. Cribb.
Integrating resilience with functional ecosystem measures: A novel paradigm for management decisions under multiple‐stressor interplay in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Jaiswal Deepa , Pandey Usha , Mishra Vibha , Pandey Jitendra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMoving beyond monitoring the state of water quality to understanding how the sensitive ecosystems “respond” to complex interplay of climatic and anthropogenic perturbations, and eventually the mechanisms that underpin alterations leading to transitional shifts is crucial for managing freshwater resources. The multiple disturbance dynamics—a single disturbance as opposed to multiple disturbances for recovery and other atrocities—alter aquatic ecosystem in multiple ways, yet the global models lack representation of key processes and feedbacks, impeding potential management decisions. Here, the procedure we have embarked for what is known about the biogeochemical and ecological functions in freshwaters in context of ecosystem resilience, feedbacks, stressors synergies, and compensatory dynamics, is highly relevant for process‐based ecosystem models and for developing a novel paradigm toward potential management decisions. This review advocates the need for a more aggressive approach with improved understanding of changes in key ecosystem processes and mechanistic links thereof, regulating resilience and compensatory dynamics concordant with climate and anthropogenic perturbations across a wide range of spatio‐temporal scales. This has relevance contexting climate change and anthropogenic pressures for developing proactive and adaptive management strategies for safeguarding freshwater resources and services they provide.
Factors related to hospital‐to‐home transitional self‐monitoring blood glucose behaviour among patients with diabetes‐related foot ulcer
Authors: Chin Yen‐Fan , Huang Tzu‐Ting , Yu Hsing‐Yi , Yang Hui‐Mei , Hsu Brend Ray‐Sea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the factors related to hospital‐to‐home transitional self‐monitoring blood glucose behaviour among patients with diabetes‐related foot ulcer.BackgroundThe 30‐day readmission rate of patients with diabetes‐related foot ulcer can be reduced when good glycaemic control is achieved. The practice of self‐monitoring blood glucose promotes optimal glycaemic control.DesignA comparative descriptive study.MethodsIn this study, 200 participants, who had been hospitalized due to diabetes‐related foot ulcer, were recruited from August 2017 to July 2018. Before participants were discharged from the hospital, psychosocial factors (family support, threat belief, self‐efficacy and knowledge) and pre‐hospitalization self‐monitoring blood glucose behaviour were collected using a structured questionnaire. Then, after discharge, self‐monitoring blood glucose behaviour delivery was collected again.ResultsFive variables explained 47% of the variance in the delivery of self‐monitoring of blood glucose at home. The delivery of hospital‐to‐home transitional self‐monitoring blood glucose behaviour was more likely for individuals with higher pre‐discharge self‐efficacy, higher post‐discharge self‐efficacy, more attention to pre‐hospitalization glycaemic status and post‐discharge insulin usage and those without an insensitive foot.ConclusionSelf‐monitoring blood‐glucose behaviour should be promoted among post‐discharge patients with diabetes‐related foot ulcer. The modifiable factors identified in this study can be integrated into the discharge plan.