bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Selection of Basis Functions for Robust Tracking Control of Uncertain Linear Systems—With Application to Three-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Ramani Keval S. , Okwudire Chinedum E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of the filtered basis functions (FBF) approach to track linear systems, especially nonminimum phase (NMP) plants, because of its distinct advantages compared to other tracking control methods in the literature. The FBF approach expresses the control input to the plant as a linear combination of basis functions with unknown coefficients. The basis functions are forward filtered through the plant dynamics, and the coefficients are selected such that tracking error is minimized. Similar to other feedforward control methods, the tracking accuracy of the FBF approach deteriorates in the presence of uncertainties. However, unlike other methods, the FBF approach presents flexibility in terms of the choice of the basis functions, which can be used to improve its accuracy. This paper analyzes the effect of the choice of the basis functions on the tracking accuracy of FBF, in the presence of uncertainties, using the Frobenius norm of the lifted system representation (LSR) of FBF's error dynamics. Based on the analysis, a methodology for optimal selection of basis functions to maximize robustness is proposed, together with an approach to avoid large control effort when it is applied to NMP systems. The basis functions resulting from this process are called robust basis functions. Applied experimentally to a desktop three-dimensional (3D) printer with uncertain NMP dynamics, up to 48% improvement in tracking accuracy is achieved using the proposed robust basis functions compared to B-splines, while utilizing much less control effort.
Late Pleistocene–Holocene flood history, flood-sediment provenance and human imprints from the upper Indus River catchment, Ladakh Himalaya
Authors: Sharma Choudhurimayum Pankaj , Chahal Poonam , Kumar Anil , Singhal Saurabh , Sundriyal YP , Ziegler Alan D. , Agnihotri Rajesh , Wasson Robert J , Shukla Uma Kant , Srivastava Pradeep 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Indus River, originating from Manasarovar Lake in Tibet, runs along the Indus Tsangpo suture zone in Ladakh which separates the Tethyan Himalaya in the south from the Karakoram zone to the north. Due to the barriers created by the Pir-Panjal ranges and the High Himalaya, Ladakh is located in a rain shadow zone of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) making it a high-altitude desert. Occasional catastrophic hydrological events are known to endanger lives and properties of people residing there. Evidence of such events in the recent geologic past that are larger in magnitude than modern occurrences is preserved along the channels. Detailed investigation of these archives is imperative to expand our knowledge of extreme floods that rarely occur on the human timescale. Understanding the frequency, distribution, and forcing mechanisms of past extreme floods of this region is crucial to examine whether the causal agents are regional, global, or both on long timescales. We studied the Holocene extreme flood history of the Upper Indus catchment in Ladakh using slackwater deposits (SWDs) preserved along the Indus and Zanskar Rivers. SWDs here are composed of stacks of sand-silt couplets deposited rapidly during large flooding events in areas where a sharp reduction of flow velocity is caused by local geomorphic conditions. Each couplet represents a flood, the age of which is constrained using optically stimulated luminescence for sand and accelerator mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counter 14C for charcoal specks from hearths. The study suggests occurrence of large floods during phases of strengthened ISM when the monsoon penetrated into arid Ladakh. Comparison with flood records of rivers draining other regions of the Himalaya and those influenced by the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) indicates asynchronicity with the Western Himalaya that confirms the existing anti-phase relationship of the ISM-EASM that occurred in the Holocene. Detrital zircon provenance analysis indicates that sediment transportation along the Zanskar River is more efficient than the main Indus channel during extreme floods. Post–Last Glacial Maximum human migration, during warm and wet climatic conditions, into the arid upper Indus catchment is revealed from hearths found within the SWDs.
Late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic paleogeographic position of the Yangtze block and the change of tectonic setting in its northwestern margin: Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of sedimentary rocks
Authors: Zhao Bingshuang , Long Xiaoping , Luo Jin , Dong Yunpeng , Lan Caiyun , Wang Jingyu , Wu Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe crustal evolution of the Yangtze block and its tectonic affinity to other continents of Rodinia and subsequent Gondwana have not been well constrained. Here, we present new U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block to provide critical constraints on their provenance and tectonic settings. The detrital zircons of two late Neoproterozoic samples have a small range of ages (0.87–0.67 Ga) with a dominant age peak at 0.73 Ga, which were likely derived from the Hannan-Micangshan arc in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block. In addition, the cumulative distribution curves from the difference between the depositional age and the crystalline age (CA–DA) together with the mostly positive εHf(t) values of these zircon crystals (−6.8 to +10.7, ~90% zircon grains with εHf[t] &gt; 0) suggest these samples were deposited in a convergent setting during the late Neoproterozoic. In contrast, the Cambrian–Silurian sediments share a similar detrital zircon age spectrum that is dominated by Grenvillian ages (1.11–0.72 Ga), with minor late Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.31–1.71 Ga), Mesoarchean to Neoarchean (3.16–2.69 Ga), and latest Archean to early Paleoproterozoic (2.57–2.38 Ga) populations, suggesting a significant change in the sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting from a convergent setting after the breakup of Rodinia to an extensional setting during the assembly of Gondwana. However, the presence of abundant Grenvillian and Neoarchean ages, along with their moderately to highly rounded shapes, indicates a possible sedimentary provenance from exotic continental terrane(s). Considering the potential source areas around the Yangtze block when it was a part of Rodinia or Gondwana, we suggest that the source of these early Paleozoic sediments had typical Gondwana affinities, such as the Himalaya, north India, and Tarim, which is also supported by their stratigraphic similarity, newly published paleomagnetic data, and tectono-thermal events in the northern fragments of Gondwana. This implies that after prolonged subduction in the Neoproterozoic, the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block began to be incorporated into the assembly of Gondwana and then accept sediments from the northern margin of Gondwanaland in a passive continental margin setting.
Late Quaternary aggradation and incision in the headwaters of the Yangtze River, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Xianyan , Yi Shuangwen , Miao Xiaodong , Vandenberghe Jef , Li Yiquan , Lu Huayu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRiver aggradation or incision at different spatial-temporal scales are governed by tectonics, climate change, and surface processes which all adjust the ratio of sediment load to transport capacity of a channel. But how the river responds to differential tectonic and extreme climate events in a catchment is still poorly understood. Here, we address this issue by reconstructing the distribution, ages, and sedimentary process of fluvial terraces in a tectonically active area and monsoonal environment in the headwaters of the Yangtze River in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Field observations, topographic analyses, and optically stimulated luminescence dating reveal a remarkable fluvial aggradation, followed by terrace formations at elevations of 55–62 m (T7), 42–46 m (T6), 38 m (T5), 22–36 m (T4), 18 m (T3), 12–16 m (T2), and 2–6 m (T1) above the present floodplain. Gravelly fluvial accumulation more than 62 m thick has been dated prior to 24–19 ka. It is regarded as a response to cold climate during the last glacial maximum. Subsequently, the strong monsoon precipitation contributed to cycles of rapid incision and lateral erosion, expressed as cut-in-fill terraces. The correlation of terraces suggests that specific tectonic activity controls the spatial scale and geomorphic characteristics of the terraces, while climate fluctuations determine the valley filling, river incision and terrace formation. Debris and colluvial sediments are frequently interbedded in fluvial sediment sequences, illustrating the episodic, short-timescale blocking of the channel ca. 20 ka. This indicates the potential impact of extreme events on geomorphic evolution in rugged terrain.
Constraining the duration of the Tarim flood basalts (northwestern China): CA-TIMS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffs
Authors: Zhong Yu-Ting , Luo Zhen-Yu , Mundil Roland , Wei Xun , Liu Hai-Quan , He Bin , Huang Xiao-Long , Tian Wei , Xu Yi-Gang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Early Permian Tarim large igneous province (LIP) in northwestern China comprises voluminous basaltic lava flows, as well as ultramafic and silicic intrusions. The age and duration of the Tarim LIP remains unclear, and thus the rate of magma production and models of potential environmental effects are uncertain. Here we present high-precision chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry zircon U-Pb ages for three newly discovered tuff layers interlayered with lava flows in the Kupukuziman and Kaipaizileike formations in the Keping area (Xinjiang, northwest China). The volcanism of the Kupukuziman Formation is constrained to a short duration from 289.77 ± 0.95 to 289.41 ± 0.52 Ma. An age for the overlying Kaipaizileike Formation is 284.27 ± 0.39 Ma, bracketing the duration of the entire eruptive phase of the Tarim flood basalts at ~5.5 m.y. The low eruption rate and relatively long duration of magmatism is consistent with a plume incubation model for the Tarim LIP.
Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California
Authors: Castillo Bryan A. , McGill Sally F. , Scharer Katherine M. , Yule Doug , McPhillips Devin , McNeil James , Saha Sourav , Brown Nathan D. , Moon Seulgi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe studied a paleoseismic trench excavated in 2017 across the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault and herein provide the first detailed record of ground-breaking earthquakes on this important fault in Southern California. The trench exposed an ~40-m-wide fault zone cutting through alluvial sand, gravel, silt, and clay deposits. We evaluated the paleoseismic record using a new metric that combines event indicator quality and stratigraphic uncertainty. The most recent paleoearthquake occurred between 950 and 730 calibrated years B.P. (cal yr B.P.), potentially contemporaneous with the last rupture of the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone. We interpret five surface-rupturing earthquakes since 3.3–2.5 ka and eight earthquakes since 7.1–5.7 ka. It is possible that additional events have occurred but were not recognized, especially in the deeper (older) section of the stratigraphy, which was not fully exposed across the fault zone. We calculated an average recurrence interval of 380–640 yr based on four complete earthquake cycles between earthquakes 1 and 5. The average recurrence interval is thus slightly less than the elapsed time since the most recent event on the Banning strand. The average recurrence interval on the Banning strand is thus intermediate between longer intervals published for the San Gorgonio Pass fault zone (~1600 yr) and shorter intervals on both the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault (~215 yr) and the Coachella section (~125 yr) of the San Andreas fault.
Renormalization and mixing of the Gluino-Glue operator on the lattice
Authors: Costa M. , Herodotou H. , Philippides P. , Panagopoulos H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the mixing of the Gluino-Glue operator in $$\mathcal{N}=1$$

N
=
1

Supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory (SYM), both in dimensional regularization and on the lattice. We calculate its renormalization, which is not merely multiplicative, due to the fact that this operator can mix with non-gauge invariant operators of equal or, on the lattice, lower dimension. These operators carry the same quantum numbers under Lorentz transformations and global gauge transformations, and they have the same ghost number. We compute the one-loop quantum correction for the relevant two-point and three-point Green’s functions of the Gluino-Glue operator. This allows us to determine renormalization factors of the operator in the $${\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}$$

MS
¯

scheme, as well as the mixing coefficients for the other operators. To this end our computations are performed using dimensional and lattice regularizations. We employ a standard discretization where gluinos are defined on lattice sites and gluons reside on the links of the lattice; the discretization is based on Wilson’s formulation of non-supersymmetric gauge theories with clover improvement. The number of colors, $$N_c$$

N
c

, the gauge parameter, $$\beta $$
β
, and the clover coefficient, $$c_{\mathrm{SW}}$$

c
SW

, are left as free parameters.
Growth of matter perturbations in the extended viscous dark energy models
Authors: da Silva W. J. C. , Silva R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study the extended viscous dark energy models in the context of matter perturbations. To do this, we assume an alternative interpretation of the flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Universe, through the nonadditive entropy and the viscous dark energy. We implement the relativistic equations to obtain the growth of matter fluctuations for a smooth version of dark energy. As result, we show that the matter density contrast evolves similarly to the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model in high redshift; however, in late time, it is slightly different from the standard model. Using the latest geometrical and growth rate observational data, we carry out a Bayesian analysis to constrain parameters and compare models. We see that our viscous models are compatible with cosmological probes, and the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM recovered with a $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

confidence level. The viscous dark energy models relieve the tension of $$H_0$$

H
0

in $$2 \sim 3 \sigma $$

2
∼
3
σ

. Yet, by involving the $$\sigma _8$$

σ
8

tension, some models can alleviate it. In the model selection framework, the data discards the extended viscous dark energy models.
Analytic study of superradiant stability of Kerr–Newman black holes under charged massive scalar perturbation
Authors: Xu Jun-Huai , Zheng Zi-Han , Luo Ming-Jian , Huang Jia-Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe superradiant stability of a Kerr–Newman black hole and charged massive scalar perturbation is investigated. We treat the black hole as a background geometry and study the equation of motion of the scalar perturbation. From the radial equation of motion, we derive the effective potential experienced by the scalar perturbation. By a careful analysis of this effective potential, it is found that when the inner and outer horizons of Kerr–Newman black hole satisfy $$\frac{r_-}{r_+}\leqslant \frac{1}{3}$$

r
-

r
+

⩽

1
3

and the charge-to-mass ratios of scalar perturbation and black hole satisfy $$ \frac{q}{\mu }\frac{Q}{ M}>1 $$

q
μ

Q
M

>
1

, the Kerr–Newman black hole and scalar perturbation system is superradiantly stable.
Sensitivity limit investigation of a Sagnac gyroscope through linear regression analysis
Authors: Di Virgilio Angela D. , Altucci Carlo , Bajardi Francesco , Basti Andrea , Beverini Nicolò , Capozziello Salvatore , Carelli Giorgio , Ciampini Donatella , Fuso Francesco , Giacomelli Umberto , Maccioni Enrico , Marsili Paolo , Ortolan Antonello , Porzio Alberto , Simonelli Andrea , Terreni Giuseppe , Velotta Raffaele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity to angular rotation of the top class Sagnac gyroscope GINGERINO is carefully investigated with standard statistical means, using 103 days of continuous operation and the available geodesic measurements of the Earth angular rotation rate. All features of the Earth rotation rate are correctly reproduced. The unprecedented sensitivity of fractions of frad/s is attained for long term runs. This excellent sensitivity and stability put Sagnac gyroscopes at the forefront for fundamental physics, in particular for tests of general relativity and Lorentz violation, where the sensitivity plays the key role to provide reliable data for deeper theoretical investigations.
High Seroprevalence of Toxocara Infection among Mentally Retarded Patients in Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran
Authors: Omidian Mostafa , Diyaleh Mariye , Pouryousef Ali , Turki Habibollah , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Sarkari Bahador 
Published: May 2021

Mentally retarded individuals are more likely to become infected with soil-transmitted infections including toxocariasis. The current study aimed to determine the serostatus of toxocariasis among institutionalized mentally retarded individuals in Hormozgan Province, in the south of Iran. Subjects of the study were 117 mentally disabled individuals, including children and adults, maintained in a charity-based institution. Three millilitres of venous blood was taken from each subject. While sampling, demographic features of the subject were documented in a questionnaire. An ELISA system based on Toxocara larvae excretory-secretory antigens (TES) was utilized to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in the sera of the patients. The mean age of the subject was 27.6 (±12.31) years and consisted of 55 (47%) males and 62 (53%) females. Out of 117 cases, 33 (28.2%) were seropositive for toxocariasis. The seroprevalence was higher in females (37.1%) than males (18.2%), and the difference was statistically significant (

p

< 0.05). Out of 117 subjects, 76 (64.9%) had severe and 41 (35.1%) had profound mental retardation. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 18 (23.7%) patients with severe and 15 (35.6%) patients with profound mental retardation. The highest seroprevalence rate of toxocariasis (44.4%) was observed in the age group of ≤10 years followed by 21–30 years old (36.7%). No statistically significant association was seen between the age and also the duration of residency in the care center and seropositivity of toxocariasis (

p

> 0.05). The current study represents the high prevalence of toxocariasis in mentally retarded patients in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. The elevated seroprevalence rate of toxocariasis in the current study indicates that these subjects constitute a high-risk group for Toxocara infection, which may be attributed to their behavioral patterns.
Lycopene Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Testicular Injury by Inhibiting PROK2 Expression and Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in a Varicocele Adult Rat
Authors: Wang Hongqiang , Zhu Baojuan , Yu Lei , Li Qiang , Li Shenqian , Wang Peitao , Jing Tao , Men Tongyi 
Published: May 2021

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene on hypoxia-induced testicular injury in rat model and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods. Six-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 36) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12/group): a normal group (NG, sham control), a varicocele group (VG), and a varicocele treated by lycopene group (VLG). Bilateral renal veins constriction was performed on rats in VG and VLG. Simultaneously, rats in VLG were treated to lycopene by intragastric administration. Four weeks later, sperm was collected for sperm analysis. Testes and epididymides were harvested for morphological change analysis, histologic analysis, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and western blot. Results. Our observations were that lycopene improved the hypoxia-induced testicular injury in vivo. Prokineticin 2(PROK2) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) were overexpressed in VG (

P

< 0.01), and lycopene inhibited the PROK2 expression (

P

< 0.01). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and sex hormones were increased by lycopene in VLG (

P

< 0.05). Lycopene restored the quality and activity of sperm by blocking PROK2 expression (

P

< 0.05). The expression of VEGF was increased, as HIF-1/NF-κB pathway was upregulated in VLG (

P

< 0.05). Meanwhile, expression of pAKT/AKT in VLG was higher than that in VG (

P

< 0.05). In addition, lycopene reduced levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in VLG (

P

< 0.05), compared to NG. Conclusions. Lycopene improved the hypoxia-induced testicular injury by inhibiting the expression of PROK2 and decreasing levels of IL-1β and IL-2, which might show us a novel and promising treatment for varicocele testicular injury.
МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ SARS-COV-2
Authors: Zadorozna V. I. 
Published: May 2021

У світі вже другий рік продовжується безпрецедентна пандемія емерджентної інфекції COVID-19. Початкові дані щодо швидкості еволюції її збудника SARS-CoV-2 давали підстави вважати, що вірус має низькі показники мутації, але його геном схильний до рекомбінацій, інсерцій і делецій, як це характерно для інших коронавірусів.
Протягом останнього часу з’являється все більше повідомлень про утворення нових варіантів вірусу за рахунок адаптивних мутацій у регіоні протеїну S. Це підвищує ризики інтенсивності передачі збудника, впливу на клінічний перебіг хвороби та зниження ефективності сучасних інноваційних вакцин. З’явилися британський, бразильський, північно-африканський варіанти SARS-CoV-2 (відповідно VОС 202012/01, Р.1 та 501Y.V2) та інші, виявлені сприйнятливість до нового вірусу деяких видів тварин, інфікування норок від людини та наступне повернення вірусу в людську популяцію. Це свідчить про подальше укорінення вірусу в людській популяції, а також про несталість і продовження формування нової паразитарної системи на сучасному етапі.
Ураховуючи продовження COVID-19-пандемії у світі та складну епідемічну ситуацію з цією інфекцією в Україні, необхідним є постійний молекулярно-епідеміологічний моніторинг циркуляції нового вірусу SARS-CoV-2 як серед людей, так і тварин. Він повинен стати невід’ємною складовою в загальній інфраструктурі, яка спрямована на протидію цій інфекції.
Непередбачувані еволюційні зміни вірусу в процесі його адаптації до нових видових хазяїв при формуванні нової паразитарної системи не дозволяють зробити чіткі прогнози щодо вираженої сезонності цієї інфекції найближчим часом і здатності належним чином конт­ролювати епідемічний процес засобами специфічної профілактики.