bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instability of complex CFTs with operators in the principal series
Authors: Benedetti Dario 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We prove the instability of d-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) having in the operator-product expansion of two fundamental fields a primary operator of scaling dimension h = $$ \frac{d}{2} $$

d
2

+ i r, with non-vanishing r ∈ ℝ. From an AdS/CFT point of view, this corresponds to a well-known tachyonic instability, associated to a violation of the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound in AdSd+1; we derive it here directly for generic d-dimensional CFTs that can be obtained as limits of multiscalar quantum field theories, by applying the harmonic analysis for the Euclidean conformal group to perturbations of the conformal solution in the two-particle irreducible (2PI) effective action. Some explicit examples are discussed, such as melonic tensor models and the biscalar fishnet model.
Smooth braneworld in 6-dimensional asymptotically AdS spacetime
Authors: Wan Jun-Jie , Cui Zheng-Quan , Feng Wen-Bin , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate a six-dimensional smooth thick braneworld model which contains a compact extra dimension and an infinite large one. The braneworld is generated by a real scalar field with a ϕ6 potential and the bulk is an asymptotically AdS6 spacetime. The geometry achieves the localization of the free U(1) gauge field, which is a problem in five-dimensional Randall-Sundrum-like models. In addition, we analyze the stability of the braneworld system and the localization of the graviton.
Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair in patients with obesity: should we be scared of body mass index?
Authors: Maspero Marianna , Bertoglio Camillo Leonardo , Morini Lorenzo , Alampi Bruno , Mazzola Michele , Girardi Valerio , Zironda Andrea , Barone Gisella , Magistro Carmelo , Ferrari Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a risk factor for ventral hernia development and affects up to 60% of patients undergoing ventral hernia repair. It is also associated with a higher rate of surgical site occurrences and an increased risk of recurrence after ventral hernia repair, but data is lacking on the differences between obesity classes.

Methods
Between 2008 and 2018, 322 patients with obesity underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair in our department: class I n = 231 (72%), II n = 55 (17%), III n = 36 (11%). We compared short and long-term outcomes between the three classes.

Results
Patients with class III obesity had a longer median length of hospital stay compared to I and II (5 days versus 4 days in the other groups, p = 0.0006), but without differences in postoperative complications or surgical site occurrences. After a median follow up of 49 months, there were no significant differences in the incidence of seroma, recurrence, chronic pain, pseudorecurrence and port-site hernia. At multivariate analysis, risk factors for recurrence were presence of a lateral defect and previous hernia repair; risk factors for seroma were immunosuppression, defect > 15 cm and more than one previous hernia repair; the only risk factor for postoperative complications was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusion
Class III obesity is associated with longer length of hospital stay after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, but without differences in postoperative complications and long-term outcomes compared with class I and class II obesity.
Whole-brain 3D MR fingerprinting brain imaging: clinical validation and feasibility to patients with meningioma
Authors: Mostardeiro Thomaz R. , Panda Ananya , Witte Robert J. , Campeau Norbert G. , McGee Kiaran P. , Sui Yi , Lu Aiming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
MR fingerprinting (MRF) is a MR technique that allows assessment of tissue relaxation times. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical application of this technique in patients with meningioma.

Materials and methods
A whole-brain 3D isotropic 1mm3 acquisition under a 3.0T field strength was used to obtain MRF T1 and T2-based relaxometry values in 4:38 s. The accuracy of values was quantified by scanning a quantitative MR relaxometry phantom. In vivo evaluation was performed by applying the sequence to 20 subjects with 25 meningiomas. Regions of interest included the meningioma, caudate head, centrum semiovale, contralateral white matter and thalamus. For both phantom and subjects, mean values of both T1 and T2 estimates were obtained. Statistical significance of differences in mean values between the meningioma and other brain structures was tested using a Friedman’s ANOVA test.

Results
MR fingerprinting phantom data demonstrated a linear relationship between measured and reference relaxometry estimates for both T1 (r2 = 0.99) and T2 (r2 = 0.97). MRF T1 relaxation times were longer in meningioma (mean ± SD 1429 ± 202 ms) compared to thalamus (mean ± SD 1054 ± 58 ms; p = 0.004), centrum semiovale (mean ± SD 825 ± 42 ms; p < 0.001) and contralateral white matter (mean ± SD 799 ± 40 ms; p < 0.001). MRF T2 relaxation times were longer for meningioma (mean ± SD 69 ± 27 ms) as compared to thalamus (mean ± SD 27 ± 3 ms; p < 0.001), caudate head (mean ± SD 39 ± 5 ms; p < 0.001) and contralateral white matter (mean ± SD 35 ± 4 ms; p < 0.001)

Conclusions
Phantom measurements indicate that the proposed 3D-MRF sequence relaxometry estimations are valid and reproducible. For in vivo, entire brain coverage was obtained in clinically feasible time and allows quantitative assessment of meningioma in clinical practice.
Young for old—old for young? Ethical perspectives on intergenerational solidarity and responsibility in public discourses on COVID-19
Authors: Ellerich-Groppe Niklas , Pfaller Larissa , Schweda Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the wake of the Coronavirus pandemic, intergenerational solidarity and responsibility have become central points of reference in public discourses. However, the use of these concepts is often unclear and ambivalent: On one hand, older people are described as a vulnerable group whose protection requires sacrifices on the part of younger generations, e.g., regarding individual freedom and economic welfare. On the other, they appear as dispensable individuals that should relinquish their claims for the sake of the young and their future prospects. Our contribution offers an analysis of intergenerational solidarity and responsibility in public discourses on COVID-19. The leading question is how both concepts are used and how the corresponding claims can be justified or criticized. We first give an overview of notions of intergenerational solidarity and responsibility in current debates. In the next step, we provide a moral philosophical clarification of both concepts and their normative presuppositions. We then conduct a descriptive ethical discourse analysis of pertinent cases from three areas of European discourse: politics, civil society, and mass media. The analysis focuses on politico-moral claims and their normative premises, ambiguities, and biases. We argue that the discourse involves assumptions about old age and generational relations that need further clarification and justification. An analysis of intergenerational solidarity and responsibility in times of COVID-19 can help understand the dynamics of social cohesion in late-modern societies.
Existence and Relaxation Results for Second Order Multivalued Systems
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Vetro Calogero 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider nonlinear systems driven by a general nonhomogeneous differential operator with various types of boundary conditions and with a reaction in which we have the combined effects of a maximal monotone term $A(x)$
A
(
x
)
and of a multivalued perturbation $F(t,x,y)$
F
(
t
,
x
,
y
)
which can be convex or nonconvex valued. We consider the cases where $D(A)\neq \mathbb{R}^{N}$
D
(
A
)
≠

R
N

and $D(A)= \mathbb{R}^{N}$
D
(
A
)
=

R
N

and prove existence and relaxation theorems. Applications to differential variational inequalities and control systems are discussed.
Usable and Useful Help in Literature Database Search? A Pedagogical Implementation and the Evaluation of an Interactive Screencast for Iraqi University Students
Authors: Steger Florian , Kizilhan Jan Ilhan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile university students in developing countries welcome digital learning tools, they frequently lack Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills which enable them to successfully carry out activities linked to information and communication technologies. This, in turn, means that they struggle to meet practical academic and professional requirements. This study pursues two goals. First, it suggests how this problem can be encountered, presenting the process of pedagogically developing and implementing an interactive screencast teaching ICT skills for literature search with thePubMeddatabase. Secondly, it evaluates the acceptance of the screencast among M.A. students in Iraq, focusing on the questions of how easily the screencast can be used (usability) and how helpful the screencast is for the students ‘ to meet academic requirements (usefulness). The evaluation design is based on the Technology Acceptance Model and LORI. An online-questionnaire using a Likert Scale was used to collect data. Data (n = 29) was analyzed through a quantitative approach and descriptive statistics. Overall, usefulness was rated higher than usability. Findings suggest that easiness of use is increased particularly through a clear overview of the topics covered in the screencast and through a targeted selection of the topics. With regards to the usefulness of the screencast, students appreciate the use of an authentic way of how skills can be acquired and practiced. Additionally, students experienced control over their learning process, refering to screencast features which allow them control over learning pace. Future studies should make use of inferential statistics and qualitative approaches to reveal details about the causality between different factors.
Accumulation of geranylgeranylated chlorophylls in the pigment-protein complexes of Arabidopsis thaliana acclimated to green light: effects on the organization of light-harvesting complex II and photosystem II functions
Authors: Karlický Václav , Kmecová Materová Zuzana , Kurasová Irena , Nezval Jakub , Štroch Michal , Garab Győző , Špunda Vladimír 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLight quality significantly influences plant metabolism, growth and development. Recently, we have demonstrated that leaves of barley and other plant species grown under monochromatic green light (500–590 nm) accumulated a large pool of chlorophyll a (Chl a) intermediates with incomplete hydrogenation of their phytyl chains. In this work, we studied accumulation of these geranylgeranylated Chls a and b in pigment-protein complexes (PPCs) of Arabidopsis plants acclimated to green light and their structural–functional consequences on the photosynthetic apparatus. We found that geranylgeranylated Chls are present in all major PPCs, although their presence was more pronounced in light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and less prominent in supercomplexes of photosystem II (PSII). Accumulation of geranylgeranylated Chls hampered the formation of PSII and PSI super- and megacomplexes in the thylakoid membranes as well as their assembly into chiral macrodomains; it also lowered the temperature stability of the PPCs, especially that of LHCII trimers, which led to their monomerization and an anomaly in the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching. Role of geranylgeranylated Chls in adverse effects on photosynthetic apparatus of plants acclimated to green light is discussed.
Differentiation of pulmonary complications with extensive ground-glass attenuation on high-resolution CT in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Kunihiro Yoshie , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kawano Reo , Matsumoto Tsuneo , Kobayashi Taiga , Yujiri Toshiaki , Kubo Makoto , Gondo Toshikazu , Ito Katsuyoshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of pulmonary infectious and noninfectious complications with extensive ground-glass attenuation (GGA) in immunocompromised patients.

Materials and methods
One hundred fifty-two immunocompromised patients with pulmonary complications that showed extensive GGA (> 50% of the whole lung on HRCT) were included in this study. The diagnoses of the 152 patients were as follows: pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), n = 82; drug-induced pneumonia, n = 38; bacterial pneumonia, n = 9; cytomegalovirus pneumonia, n = 6; idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, n = 6; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), n = 4; fungal infection, n = 3; tuberculosis, n = 2 and pulmonary edema, n = 2. Two chest radiologists retrospectively evaluated the CT criteria, which consisted of 12 findings.

Results
The nodule (p = 0.015), the bronchovascular bundle (BVB) thickening (p = 0.001), and the interlobular septum (ILS) thickening (p = 0.002) were significantly infrequent in PCP. The ILS thickening was significantly frequent in drug-induced pneumonia (p < 0.001) though it was also frequent in other noninfectious and infectious diseases. The BVB thickening was significantly frequent in bacterial pneumonia (p = 0.005). The nodule was significantly frequent in DAH (p = 0.049).

Conclusion
Nodules, BVB thickening, and ILS thickening could be useful HRCT findings for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary complications in immunocompromised patients with extensive GGA.
Immune-Regulatory and Molecular Effects of Antidepressants on the Inflamed Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cell Line
Authors: K. Curzytek , M. Maes , M. Kubera 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a T cell-mediated type of skin inflammation resulting from contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to antigens. There is strong comorbidity between ACD and major depression. Keratinocytes release immunomodulatory mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which modulate skin inflammation and are crucial cell type for the development of CHS. Our previous studies showed that fluoxetine and desipramine were effective in suppressing CHS in different mouse strains. However, the immune and molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be explored. The aim of the current study was to determine the immune and molecular mechanisms of action of antidepressant drugs engaged in the inhibition of CHS response in the stimulated keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. The results show that LPS, TNF-α/IFN-γ, and DNFB stimulate HaCaT cells to produce large amounts of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL8. HaCaT stimulation was associated with increased expression of ICAM-1, a cell adhesion molecule, and decreased expression of E-cadherin. Imipramine, desipramine, and fluoxetine suppress the production of IL-1β, CCL2, as well as the expression of ICAM-1. LPS and TNF-α/IFN-γ activate p-38 kinase, but antidepressants do not regulate this pathway. LPS decreases E-cadherin protein expression and fluoxetine normalizes these effects. In summary, the antidepressant drugs examined in this study attenuate the stimulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and modulate adhesion molecule expression by the HaCaT cell line. Therefore, antidepressants may have some clinical efficacy in patients with ACD and patients with comorbid depression and contact allergy.
Training with an elastic, supportive bench press device is not superior to a conventional training approach in trained men
Authors: Gavanda Simon , Wever Martin , Isenmann Eduard , Geisler Stephan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8‑week powerlifting-type bench press (BP) resistance training (RT) program, either without (RAW) or with using a supportive elastic bench press device (EBD) on one-repetition maximum (1-RM), body weight (BW), mid-upper arm and chest circumference, as well as visual analogue pain scale (VAS) of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. For this purpose, a matched pair parallel design based on initial 1‑RM was used (BPD n = 16, age 24.4 ± 4 years, RT experience 3.75 ± 1.83 years; RAW n = 16, age 25 ± 2 years, RT experience 5.66 ± 3.00 years). Following two weeks of familiarization with the protocol , BP RT was carried out twice weekly. The EBD group completed more than half of their BP sets with elastic assistance and 10% higher training intensity than the RAW group. There was a significant time × group interaction in BW (p = 0.008). Post hoc analysis showed a significant loss of 0.92 kg in the EBD group (p = 0.049; effect size [ES] = −0.08; 95%CI [−1.80, 0.04]). A significant time effect for 1‑RM was observed (p < 0.001). In both groups there was a significant change in 1‑RM of 5.00 kg (p < 0.001; ES = 0.35; 95%CI [2.98, 7.02]). There was no significant change in any circumference or VAS measure. In conclusion, using an EBD leads to 1‑RM gains similar to conventional RAW BP training. However, more studies are required with highly trained individuals, in particular female athletes. Practitioners may implement EBD training for reasons of variation.
Just retreat—how different countries deal with it: examples from Austria and England
Authors: Thaler Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlood risk management has developed a large inventory of potential actions to climate-related hazards. Within this wide array of measures, managed retreat of communities at risk is usually only taken into account if other strategies are ineffective or unavailable. Communities who are affected by managed retreat are confronted with radical changes in their livelihood. However, managed retreat is highly contested. The use of managed retreat includes not only the relocation of house owners but also has the challenge that it discriminates between landowners as some gain and others lose. Therefore, managed retreat raises issues of social justice. To mitigate the impact on land, compensation plays a crucial role in flood risk management. The level and kind of compensation varies between countries across the globe. In this paper, we compare two different policy compensation frameworks in two European countries: Austria and England. The comparative study shows how different compensation schemes affect social justice, both in terms of substantive distributions but also in terms of procedural justice.
Taking it outside: A study of legal contexts and external whistleblowing in China and India
Authors: Oelrich Sebastian , Erlebach Kimberly 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhistleblowing is regularly identified as corporate control mechanism to prevent and uncover fraud. We review and compare the legal situation for whistleblowers in the People’s Republic of China and India. In a survey of 942 employees from private companies in both countries, we take a look at the status quo of whistleblowing system implementation, explore preference of channels to disclose fraud or corruption, and analyze under which conditions and what kind of employees prefer external over internal whistleblowing. We find that provisions for mandatory whistleblowing systems can be found in the law of both countries. In China in particular, protection is scattered across many different laws in the private sector. Indian companies seem to have systems in place more often, although this difference becomes smaller the larger the company. The general preference of internal over external channels is similar across countries. Our regression models suggest that external channels are preferred over internal ones when fear of retaliatory measures is higher, the company is smaller, and the whistleblower is female. In line with prior literature, the effect of fear of retaliation is moderated by gender: women are less influenced by retaliation. All in all, implementation of whistleblowing systems seems ubiquitous in both countries; legal protection and comprehensive measures to decrease retaliation are lacking. Additional implications of findings are discussed.
„Ich lass mich da nicht klein machen!“ Eine qualitative Studie zur Bewältigung von Hatespeech durch Schüler/innen
Authors: Krause Norman , Ballaschk Cindy , Schulze-Reichelt Friederike , Kansok-Dusche Julia , Wachs Sebastian , Schubarth Wilfried , Bilz Ludwig 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungVon Hass und Hetze geprägte Kommunikationsformen im Internet stehen seit einigen Jahren im Fokus der öffentlichen Aufmerksamkeit. Kaum beachtet wurden bisher jedoch die Fragen, ob sich solche als Hatespeech bezeichneten Ausdrucksweisen auch in der Schule zeigen und wie Schüler/innen derartige Vorfälle bewerten und bewältigen. Um Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden, wurden 21 leitfadengestützte, episodische Interviews (nach Flick) mit Jugendlichen aus Berlin und Brandenburg zu ihren Erfahrungen und Bewältigungsstrategien in Bezug auf Hatespeech im schulischen Kontext ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass Hatespeech-Erfahrungen von Schüler/innen als belastend wahrgenommen und die eigenen Potenziale zur Bewältigung individuell und situativ unterschiedlich bewertet werden. Insbesondere die subjektive Beeinflussbarkeit bzw. Kontrollierbarkeit des stressauslösenden Hatespeech-Vorfalls sowie die soziale Unterstützung im Setting der Schulklasse scheinen sich auf die Bewältigung auszuwirken. Die berichteten Bewältigungsstrategien lassen sich, dem Transaktionalen Stressmodell entsprechend, in emotionsfokussiert (Einbezug sozialer Unterstützung, Verdrängung und Vermeidung) und problemfokussiert (aktives Ignorieren und Counterspeech) kategorisieren. Die Ergebnisse stützen Forderungen nach Präventionsarbeit in Schulen. Schüler/innen sollten dabei als Expert/innen der Lebenswelt Schule einbezogen werden. Außerdem scheinen Maßnahmen zur Stärkung sozialer und personaler Ressourcen sinnvoll zu sein, um konstruktive Bewältigungsstrategien zu ermöglichen. Zur Konkretisierung und Quantifizierung der Forschungsergebnisse ist weitere Forschung notwendig.
Bildungsbiografische Rekonstruktionen
Authors: Steinbach Anja , Spies Anke 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht aus einer macht- und subjektivierungstheoretischen Perspektive dem beiläufigen und von den Akteur/innen möglicherweise unbeabsichtigten Positionierungsgeschehen im Unterricht nach, indem Anrufungspraktiken und Diskriminierungserfahrungen im institutionellen Kontext der Schule aus der Perspektive von Jugendlichen rekonstruiert werden. Anhand von zwei exemplarischen Sequenzen aus bildungsbiografischen Rekonstruktionserzählungen eines Samples von insgesamt 22 narrativen biografischen Interviews mit Schüler/innen nach dem Abschluss der Sekundarstufe I, werden Erfahrungen von Selbst- und Fremdpositionierungen dargestellt, die an hierarchisierende migrationsgesellschaftliche Differenzordnungen anschließen und im pädagogischen Handeln von Lehrer/innen zum Ausdruck kommen. Wir führen zunächst in zentrale Begriffe und theoretische Zugänge ein, die wir der Analyse des empirischen Materials zugrunde gelegt haben. Anschließend skizzieren wir den Projektkontext und erläutern unser methodisches Vorgehen im Rekurs auf die Erziehungswissenschaftliche Biographieforschung. Danach stellen wir anhand zweier Interviewsequenzen exemplarische Forschungsergebnisse vor, die sowohl auf verbale als auch auf non-verbale Anrufungen im unterrichtlichen Setting verweisen und die Macht migrationsgesellschaftlicher Unterscheidungspraktiken in der Schule verdeutlichen.