bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ gamma spectrometry using a portable HPGe detector. Radiological characterisation and environmental surveillance around an operating nuclear power plant. Possibilities and limits.
Authors: Corbacho J A , Baeza Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The in situ technique for measuring radionuclides in the soil using a portable Ge detector is a highly versatile tool for both the radiological characterisation and for the monitoring of operating nuclear power plants. The main disadvantage of this technique is related to the lack of knowledge of the geometry of the source whose activity concentration is to be determined. However, its greatest advantage is the high spatial representability of the samples and the reduced time and resource consumption compared to gamma spectrometry laboratory measurements. In this study, the possibilities and limits offered by in situ gamma spectrometry with a high-resolution gamma portable detector in two common uses are shown. First, the radiological background characterisation and its relationship with the geology of an area of 2700 km2 are assessed. Second, its potential for monitoring man-made activity concentration in soils located around an operating nuclear power plant in Spain for surveillance purposes is evaluated. Finally, high-accuracy radiation maps were prepared from the measurements that were carried out. These radiation maps are essential tools to know the radioactive background of an area, especially useful to assess artificial radioactive deposits produced after a nuclear accident or incident.
Asthma exacerbation due to climate change-induced wildfire smoke in the Western US
Authors: Stowell Jennifer D , Yang Cheng-En , Fu Joshua S , Scovronick Noah C , Strickland Matthew J , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Climate change and human activities have drastically altered the natural wildfire balance in the Western US and increased population health risks due to exposure to pollutants from fire smoke. Using dynamically downscaled climate model projections, we estimated additional asthma emergency room visits and hospitalizations due to exposure to smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Western US in the 2050s. Isolating the amount of PM2.5 from wildfire smoke is both difficult to estimate and, thus, utilized by relatively few studies. In this study, we use a sophisticated modeling approach to estimate future increase in wildfire smoke exposure over the reference period (2003–2010) and subsequent health care burden due to asthma exacerbation. Average increases in smoke PM2.5 during future fire season ranged from 0.05 to 9.5 µg m−3 with the highest increases seen in Idaho, Montana, and Oregon. Using the Integrated Climate and Land-Use Scenarios (ICLUS) A2 scenario, we estimated the smoke-related asthma events could increase at a rate of 15.1 visits per 10 000 persons in the Western US, with the highest rates of increased asthma (25.7–41.9 per 10 000) in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Finally, we estimated healthcare costs of smoke-induced asthma exacerbation to be over $1.5 billion during a single future fire season. Here we show the potential future health impact of climate-induced wildfire activity, which may serve as a key tool in future climate change mitigation and adaptation planning.
Determination and modelling moisture sorption isotherms of dehydrated butterfly-pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower powder
Authors: Hawa L C , Efendi M , Ubaidillah U , Yulianingsih R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Butterfly-pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is one of the edible flowers that is widely processed into dried flowers or powder form. Processed butterfly-pea flower is mostly used as a food colorant or flavonoid and anthocyanin-rich teas which are naturally present in the flower. Some polyphenolic acid, i.e., gallic acid, protocratic acid, and chlorogenic acid are also contained in this flower. During the storage period, color degradation occurs which will reduce the quality of the powder. Therefore, a study on the determination of moisture sorption isotherm from butterfly-pea powder is necessary information to maintain the quality of this product for a longer storage period. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the behavior of moisture sorption isotherm, construct its mathematical modelling and analyze the color changes at different temperatures and aw. 60 mesh of butterfly-pea powder with 28% initial moisture content (db) was stored at aw 0.3 – 0.9 (in a saturated salt solution containing MgCl2, K2CO3, NaC1, KC1, and BaCl2) at 30, 40, and 50°C by static gravimetric method. The results showed that based on the Brunauer classification, the behavior of moisture sorption isotherm of dehydrated butterfly-pea powder is in accordance with the Type II-sigmoid curve, while the Peleg model is the best model in predicting the moisture sorption isotherm. Recommended storage conditions for butterfly-pea flower powder are at 30°C with equilibrium moisture content at 23-30% (db). During storage powder color turns darker over the entire aw range with a color index of L* (lightness, 9.97); a* (redness, 2.33); b* (yellowness, -5.56).
Analysis of cassava chip image characterization during drying process
Authors: Sandra  , Hendrawan Y , Damayanti R , Perdana L P R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Monitoring method during food processing is an indispensable activity in the industry of food processing. A digital image processing technique is one of the methods to process images into information in the form of product physical condition. This study aimed to monitor the changes in cassava chips image characteristics through the images along the drying process. The image characteristic i.e covered color, texture, and area. The images were captured by using Webcam type Logitech C525 8.0 megapixel autofocus per minute. Then, the result of these images was processed to get color data of R, G, B, H, S, I, L, a*, b* and the texture i.e. energy, homogeneity, contrast, entropy, and to identify chips size was processed by the number of pixels of the image. While the data about the mass changes along the drying process were taken per minute from a digital scale. The results of this study showed that the length of drying made the value of R, G, B, H and I decreased, but the value of S contrastively increased. The area or the number of image pixels declined dramatically in 1 hour of drying, later (after one hour of drying) the decline was almost zero.
Suitability of orange-fleshed sweet potato genotypes for ingredients of selected food products
Authors: Utomo J S , Ginting E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Promotion of orange-fleshed sweet potato with high beta-carotene content would enhance the consumption of sweet potato as well as support the local-based food diversification. Deep-fried chips, jam, juice, and noodle are the products that commonly make from cereals and fruits other than tubers. Producing those products from sweet potato was aiming to study the suitability and acceptance concerning promoting their utilization and adoption once they are released as new varieties. Five orange-fleshed sweet potato genotypes, namely MSU 06071-82, MSU 06039-07, MSU 06042-18, MIS 0651-09, and Beta-2 were studied their suitability for making food products, such as deep-fried chips, jam, juice, and noodle-based on their physical, chemical and sensorial attributes. The results showed that MSU 06042-18 genotype with a relatively high beta-carotene content (5.425 μg/100 g wb) was suitable for the ingredient of deep-fried chips jam, juice, and noodle products, followed by MSU 05036-11 and Beta 2. In particular, MSU 06071-82 and MIS 0651-09 genotypes were suitable for juice ingredients based on the parameter evaluated. This information is essential in terms of enhancing the adoption of orange-fleshed sweet potato genotypes by farmers and their utilization by food processors.
Sensory optimization of formulated coffee mix from pedada seed (Sonneratia caseolaris) and robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Wulandari E S , Herlambang K C , Jariyah  , Fibrianto K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pedada seed is one of potential anti-oxidant resources of coastal plants which is under-utilized. In this current study, pedada seed was formulated in to Robusta coffee to develop a novel coffee mix. The purpose of this study was to obtain the most ideal formula of pedada-Robusta coffee mix based on sensory evaluation using Just about Right (JAR) analysis of French-press brewed coffee mix. The best coffee mix formula was obtained for the mix of 1:1 proportion between pedada seed and Robusta coffee. There were 18 out of 19 sensory attributes of the best formula that sensorially accepted by the consumer respondents. Those included vegetative aroma, brown sugar aroma, musty aroma, sweet aroma, nutty aroma, cocoa aroma, citrus-fruit aroma, sweet taste, sour taste, body-mouth-feel, mouth-feel strength, nutty flavour, burnt flavour, chemical flavour, citrus-fruit flavour, beany flavour, roasted flavour and sweet flavour. The best pedada-coffee mix was also characterized as having mean particle size of 421.5±19.1 μm, total phenolic content of 21.55±0.21 mg GAE/g, antioxidant activity of 48.60±0.94%, caffeine content of 278.50 ± 4.95 mg/kg, total dissolved solids of 0.4±0.066% and colour with a value of L=17.0±0.0; a=18.6±0.9 and b=23.6±0.9.
Potential of microwave drying technology for increase drying rate and physical quality of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) leaves
Authors: Su’aidah F , Taruna I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The effects of microwave power on microwave drying rates and the physical quality of kaffir lime leaves were studied. Three power levels were used in this study, high (723 watts), medium (537 watts), and low (420 watts). The moisture content, drying rate, color (L, a, b), and organoleptic parameters of each power level will be compared with the oven drying method (60°C). The result shows that the final moisture content of the high, medium, and low power of microwave drying are 6.06, 4.26%, and 6.16%db respectively, which is lower than oven drying, 16.62%db. Besides, the drying rate of microwave drying is 26.39-48.71%db/minute, higher than oven drying 0.32%db/minute. Dried kaffir lime leaves with medium level power (537 watt) has the lowest color difference (ΔE = 1.0 ± 0.29) compared to fresh leaves. While, the color and aromatic preference test dried kaffir lime leaves by microwave drying was preferable than oven drying.
Demand forecasting of button mushrooms using qualitative and quantitative methods at PT. S
Authors: Ihwah A , Rucitra A L , Citraresmi A D P , Jemal M A , Ayyubi S A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries with an extraordinary natural wealth of plants, one of which is mushroom plants. Button mushroom is one type of mushroom that most people favour. PT. S is a company that produces button mushroom products. The company performs demand forecasting using qualitative methods to fulfil consumer demand, benefiting production, raw material, and planting planning. This research aimed to compare the result of demand forecasting for 2021 by the company and demand forecasting using the ARIMA method as quantitative forecasting. The best ARIMA model was ARIMA (1,1,1) with a p-value of 0.000 and an MSE of 1.32. The results of demand forecasting using the ARIMA method were closer to the actual data than that of by the company. The total actual sales data from January – April 2021 is 150,958 kg. The difference between the total actual sales data and demand forecasting using the qualitative method is 2,277 kg, meanwhile, the difference between the total actual sales data and demand forecasting using the ARIMA method is 596 kg.
Application of the six sigma DMAIC in quality control of potato chips to reduce production defects
Authors: Arifin M H F , Mustaniroh S A , Sucipto S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To produce competitive products, Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), one of which is Agronas as a potato chip producer in Batu City, must continue to improve the quality of their products by minimizing production defects. Quality defects on potato chips occurred in color, crispness, wholeness, and size consistency indicators. This study aimed to identify and analyze the factors causing defects in potato chips and to design alternative improvement strategies. The research method used is Six Sigma Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve dan Control (DMAIC), with a sample size of 15 packs for each variable. The results showed that the main priority of the defined stage for quality improvement was crispness and size consistency with a Critical To Quality (CTQ) value of 80.2%. In the measuring stage, based on the process capability value, the final result is 82.3% which has a value above the industry standard in Indonesia of 69.2%. The result of the analysis of the DPMO value of 177,425 is equivalent to 2.43 sigma. The priority of improvement is the two highest defect levels of crispness and size consistency. Factors causing defects in potato chip crispness include limited manpower, lack of supervision and training, different levels of quality, manual packaging, and less than optimal frying. Alternative improvement strategies are labor controlling from the manager, providing training and process SOPs, supervising the selection of raw materials, and checking packaging equipment regularly. Factors causing defects in potato chips’ size consistency include limited manpower, lack of supervision and training, and the absence of a chip rating machine. Alternative improvements include training and process SOPs, supervision in grading chips, and procurement of grading machines.
Integration of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) in the quality control of resina colophonium production in Company X
Authors: Rucitra A L , Amna A U F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Resina colophonium is a product that is produced from the processing of pine sap. This product is widely used for adhesives, additives for beauty products and mixtures of paints and varnishes. One of the companies engaged in the production of resina colophonium is Company X. Production process is an important aspect of the company, so any problems must be avoided to eliminate product defects. One way that can be done to avoid problems in the production process is to carry out proper quality control. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality control of the production process at Company X. The quality control method used is the integration of the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) method to determine the frequency of problems and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to complete identification by looking for the causes of these problems so that problem did not repeat. Based on the results of the quality control analysis, it is found that the most serious problem that affects the quality of the production process lies in the labor aspect with a value number is 38.46% and the root of the potential cause is the number of workers who are not following the current work.
The brewing conditions optimization of Eucalyptus blended tea bags
Authors: Mu’tamar M F F , Fakhry M , Ulya M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Blended tea is a mixed herbal drink made from herbal plants’ leaves, roots, flowers, or stems. The blended tea that formulation has been reported in previous studies is composed of Eucalyptus leaves, cinnamon, and black tea. However, the optimum brewing conditions of Eucalyptus blended tea have not been studied. This study aims to determine the optimum brewing conditions of Eucalyptus blended tea using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). This study used two factors, the loading per tea bag (2 g, 2.5 g, 3 g) and brewing time (2, 4, and 6 minutes). The parameters used were water-soluble extract content, color (L, a, b), and overall acceptability. The results showed that a weight of 2.48 g with a brewing time of 3.45 minutes was the optimum condition for brewing blended tea of Eucalyptus, cinnamon, and black tea.
The effect of microwave power on lignocellulose content, physical and chemical characteristics of biomass: A review
Authors: Indriani D W , Susilo B , Mashur  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bioethanol is alternative energy derived from biomass that can be obtained from the agricultural industry to replace fossil fuels. The issue with biomass to energy conversion is the presence of lignin in lignocellulose biomass which inhibits the hydrolysis process. Microwave-acid pre-treatment is a method that combines microwaves and H2SO4 to break down lignin. In other studies, various microwave power is studied. The aim of this review is to provide insight and novelty into the effect of microwave power that is used on the lignocellulose content of rape straw and the physical and chemical characteristics of biomass after pre-treatment. Various microwave powers on delignification processes were presented, while the physical and chemical characteristics of pretreated biomass and also the prospect of future applications of microwave-assisted pretreatment were also discussed.
Potential uses of the lesser-known tree: Timo (Timonius sericeus (Desf) K. Schum) from Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara based on its chemical wood properties and calorific value
Authors: Rianawati H , Setyowati R , Siswadi  , Umroni A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study determined the chemical properties and calorific value of Timo (Timoneus sericeus) wood originated from Reknamo village, Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara. Timo is a potential wood that belongs to the Rubiaceae family, categorised as the lesser known tree. Its basic wood properties have not been thoroughly scientifically investigated. The chemical wood analyses were carried out at the laboratory of chemical forest products in the Forest Products Research and Development Center, Bogor. The Testing methods were according to the ASTM and TAPPI standard, included the content of extractive solubility (in cold water, hot water, benzene-alcohol, and in 1% NaOH), cellulose, pentose, lignin, ash, and silica. The calorific value was measured by the calorimeter. The result showed that the cellulose, pentose, and extractive solubility contents of Timo wood were high; the lignin and ash contents were moderate; the silica content was low; the calorific value was high (4400 cal/g). Based on the results of chemical wood analyses and calorific value, Timo wood is qualified for construction and wood energy; while it is not recommended for pulp and bioethanol.
The physical characteristics of analog cincau from different proportions of the cottonii organic powder
Authors: Sinurat E , Basmal J , Nurhayati  
Published: December 2021

AbstractBlack grass jelly often called black jelly, also known as blackcincau(“cincau”in Indonesian), was produced by boiling the black grass jelly to extract the jelly. It has a high soluble fiber content. This study investigated the analogcincauformulation using organic powder cottonii (OPC) ingredients as the gelling agent. The OPC was obtained from SeaweedEucheuma cottonii(Lampung) without an alkali treatment. The analogcincauformulation consists of OPC, konjac, KCl, tapioca flour,cincauflavor. A commercialcincauwas used as a reference. The physical quality characterization of analogcincauin this study includes gel strength, elasticity, and syneresis. Based on the physical analysis results, the best formula of analogcincauwas thecincauusing the following formula: OPC 65%, konjac 15%, tapioca flour 10%, and KCl 10%. Its physical characteristics were almost similar to the commercialcincau.The characteristics of thecincauwith the best formula were the gel strength of 532 g/cm2, elasticity 246 (g/sec), and syneresis 2.70%.
The potential of green seaweed (Caulerpa sp.) extract to synthesis ZnO nanoparticles with zinc nitrate as a precursor and pH variations
Authors: Sari R N , Sinurat E , Ayudiarti D L , Oktavia D A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The potential of green seaweed Caulerpa sp. as a reducing agent, stabilizer, and capping agent and the benefits of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in the food and non-food is exciting to be developed. The research was aimed to understand the potential of green seaweed (Caulerpa sp.) to become ZnO nanoparticles capping agent with ten mM zinc nitrate as a precursor and pH variations of 8-12. The analysis included function groups, particle size distribution, and % mass O and Zn composition. The result found that spectra at wave number 574 cm−1 were Zn-O stretching vibration from solution pH synthesis of 11. Size distribution was homogeneous, but it still had not met the size of nano. The average particle size ranged from 992.37-1369.36 nm, and the smallest particle size was obtained at a ZnO synthesized at a pH of 8. The composition from ZnO synthesis at solution pH of 9 was 7.68% O and 92.32% Zn. Caulerpa sp. extract could produce a synthesis of ZnO with ten mM zinc nitrate as a precursor and solution pH variations. Although the biosynthesis had not produced a ZnO with nanoparticles size yet, the particle size distribution had been homogeneous. The biosynthesis at pH 9, %mass Zn and O for ZnO produced had been similar to the ZnO standard.
Determination of the effective operating hours of the intermittent lighting system for growing vegetables
Authors: Kondrateva N , Filatov D , Bolshin R , Krasnolutskaya M , Shishov A , Ovchukova S , Mikheev G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Around the world, one of the key challenges is the provision of food for a growing urbanized population. A vertical farming system will help solve this problem. Vertical farming in a controlled environment provides 4-6 times higher yields per unit area, but requires more electricity. The most economical light sources are light-emitting diodes but it is important to determine the rational operating mode of the lighting system. The aim of the study was to determine the specific operating hours of the intermittent lighting system to reduce the cost of electricity consumption when growing vegetables in vertical farming in a controlled environment. Continuous and periodic modes of operation of the lighting system with a total operating time of 16 hours per day were considered. In Russia, there are six price categories for consumed electricity. Research has shown that price level II is economically viable. and a rational operating mode: 8 hours of light/4 hours of darkness, etc. Thus, the intervals of operation of the lighting system are 11.00-19.00 and 23.00-7.00. The study of this regime for microgreening of Mitsun head cabbage showed that the productivity of the plants was preserved, since the length of the leaves did not change.
Metabolism in calves two weeks before diarrhea at the age of 19-52 days of life
Authors: Malkova N , Ostyakova M , Shcherbinina S , Irkhina V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents data on the study of metabolism in calves two weeks before diarrhea at the age of 19-52 days of life. For this purpose, three groups of conditionally healthy animals of the Holstein breed were formed at the age of 19, 30, 52 days of life. To assess the metabolic status of young cattle, biochemical and general clinical blood tests were carried out. In the course of a laboratory blood test in young cattle, two weeks before disease manifestation, disorders of mineral and protein metabolism, a decrease in liver function were established. At the same time, with the increase in the age of the calves, the imbalance in protein metabolism was aggravated against the background of a change in diet and mineral metabolism improved as a result of the maturation of the digestive system.