bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing clinical outcomes and factors associated with conduction gaps in VISITAG SURPOINT‐guided catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Inoue Koichi , Tanaka Nobuaki , Ikada Yusuke , Mizutani Akihiro , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Matsuhira Hana , Harada Shinichi , Okada Masato , Iwakura Katsuomi , Fujii Kenshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeAlthough usefulness of VISITAG SURPOINT (VS) on pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation has been reported, optimal VS thresholds can depend on the inter‐tag distance (ITD) and vice versa. We validated the efficacy of PVI with lower target ITDs and VS values than in previous studies.MethodsRetrospective review of consecutive patients (N = 100) with paroxysmal (n = 32) or persistent AF (n = 68) undergoing VS‐guided ablation between 09/2018 and 08/2019 was conducted. All procedures were performed by two operators. Target VS values were 425 (anterior), 375 (posterior), and 325 (near the esophagus). Target ITD was 4 mm.ResultsAcute PVI was achieved in all cases, however, 13 residual gaps in 12 patients were observed after initial encirclement (first pass isolation: 88%). Ten gaps due to spontaneous PV reconnections (PVR) were found in nine patients (9%). These 23 gaps had similar median VS (gap‐related vs non‐gap: 429 vs 410, P = .4545) and power (36 vs 36W, P = .4843), higher contact force (13.8 vs 11.0g, P = .0061), and larger ITD (5.3 vs 3.7mm, P < .001) when compared to the remaining tags. Only ITDs were independently associated with gap formation in multivariate analysis. One‐year Kaplan‐Meier freedom from any atrial arrhythmia was 87.2%. Eight patients received repeat ablation (8.1%) and of these, 6 (75%) were free from PVR.ConclusionFavorable rates of first pass isolation, acute PVR, and long‐term procedure success were achieved using lower VS values than in previous reports. With a target VS value of 375‐425, ITDs of 4 mm was sufficient for durable PVI.
Heat waves in spring from Senegal to Sahel: Evolution under climate change
Authors: Sambou Marie‐Jeanne Gnacoussa , Pohl Benjamin , Janicot Serge , Landry Famien Adjoua Moïse , Roucou Pascal , Badiane Daouda , Gaye Amadou Thierno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study analyses the long‐term (1950–2100) observed and projected changes in springtime (March–May) heat waves (HWs) in West Africa under climate change. To that end, 28 climate models participating to the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are considered, after a statistical post‐correction of their biases. A multi‐scale approach is proposed, covering the Sahel, Senegal, and three thermally‐coherent zones within Senegal. HWs are defined as a sequence of at least three consecutive days above a moving 95th percentile of current temperature distributions. Climate change over Senegal translates into a general shift of the whole statistical distribution towards higher temperature values, with a general stability in the shape of the distribution. Ongoing mean warming could reach +5°C in 2100 under RCP8.5 scenario, implying that coastal Senegal could experience then a mean climate comparable to the hinterland parts today. HWs have increased in intensity, frequency and duration across Sahel and Senegal over the past years, such intensification being higher on recent decades. Future HWs over all regions present intrinsic properties that radically differ from those observed so far. The severity and length of HWs displayed stationary conditions until the late 1990s, but started increasing since then. Projected changes show marked and rapid increase in these variables, the amplitude of which is primarily RCP‐dependent, and secondarily region‐dependent. For both metrics, the largest changes occur over hinterland Senegal and Sahel. There, under RCP8.5 and after the 2070s, the whole spring season could be considered as a permanent HW lasting 3 months. Along the coast, by contrast, average temperatures are both weaker and more variable, causing more frequent threshold crossings and limiting the duration of HWs. The multi‐scale approach used here highlights contrast within Senegal, which constitutes important information for public policy decision‐makers and its inhabitants in terms of adaptation to climate change.
Maximum extent and readvance dynamics of the Irish Sea Ice Stream and Irish Sea Glacier since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Scourse J. D. , Chiverrell R. C. , Smedley R. K. , Small D. , Burke M. J. , Saher M. , Van Landeghem K. J. J. , Duller G. A. T. , Cofaigh C. Ó , Bateman M. D. , Benetti S. , Bradley S. , Callard L. , Evans D. J. A. , Fabel D. , Jenkins G. T. H. , McCarron S. , Medialdea A. , Moreton S. , Ou X. , Praeg D. , Roberts D. H. , Roberts H. M. , Clark C. D. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe BRITICE‐CHRONO Project has generated a suite of recently published radiocarbon ages from deglacial sequences offshore in the Celtic and Irish seas and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide and optically stimulated luminescence ages from adjacent onshore sites. All published data are integrated here with new geochronological data from Wales in a revised Bayesian analysis that enables reconstruction of ice retreat dynamics across the basin. Patterns and changes in the pace of deglaciation are conditioned more by topographic constraints and internal ice dynamics than by external controls. The data indicate a major but rapid and very short‐lived extensive thin ice advance of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS) more than 300 km south of St George's Channel to a marine calving margin at the shelf break at 25.5 ka; this may have been preceded by extensive ice accumulation plugging the constriction of St George's Channel. The release event between 25 and 26 ka is interpreted to have stimulated fast ice streaming and diverted ice to the west in the northern Irish Sea into the main axis of the marine ISIS away from terrestrial ice terminating in the English Midlands, a process initiating ice stagnation and the formation of an extensive dead ice landscape in the Midlands.
Transarterial Embolization for Bleeding in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Who Benefits?
Authors: Chatani Shohei , Sato Yozo , Murata Shinichi , Hasegawa Takaaki , Tsukii Ryota , Nagasawa Kyohei , Machida Masanori , Yoshihara Terutaka , Yamaura Hidekazu , Hanai Nobuhiro , Matsuo Keitaro , Inaba Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transarterial embolization (TAE) for bleeding in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and to evaluate the prognostic factors after TAE.Study designOutcome study.MethodsThis retrospective study included 31 consecutive patients (27 men and 4 women; median age, 61 years) who presented uncontrollable hemorrhage associated with HNC and underwent emergency TAE at our institution during a 10‐year period (January 2011–December 2020). This corresponded to 40 TAE procedures, including 27 cases with an unstable status (circulatory and/or respiratory insufficiency) and 10 cases with carotid blowout syndrome. The technical success rate and adverse events were analyzed on a per‐procedure basis. The rebleeding and overall survival (OS) rates were analyzed on a per‐patient basis, and the factors related to OS were evaluated.ResultsThe technical success rate was 100%. As an adverse event, cerebral infarction was found in three cases with carotid blowout syndrome. The rebleeding rate at 30 days after TAE and in the follow‐up period (range, 9–3,004 days) was 17.2% and 35.5%, respectively. The median survival time was 263 days (95% confidence interval: 124.0–402.0 days). In the log‐rank test, complete remission (CR) of the primary cancer at the time of the first TAE was identified as a significant influencing factor of survival.ConclusionTAE is effective for the treatment of hemorrhage associated with HNC even in patients with an unstable status. Patients with CR can gain a long life span.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2777–E2783, 2021
Pea and lentil flour quality as affected by roller milling configuration
Authors: Motte Jean‐Charles , Tyler Robert , Milani Aidin , Courcelles Janelle , Der Tanya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined the effects of roller mill configuration on pulse flour quality. Dehulled yellow pea and green lentil were ground to flour using a laboratory roller mill characterized by its flexibility to control particle size reduction while maintaining a constant feed rate. The milling diagram length (long, six passes vs. short, four passes) and sieve sizes (large, 300 μm vs. tight, 180/150 μm) were adjusted for a total of four milling configurations. Each flour stream was characterized with respect to its physical properties and chemical composition. No notable differences were identified between pea and lentil based on how the milling configuration influenced flour characteristics. Overall, combining streams to produce a whole flour did not affect the chemical composition but resulted in variability for physical characteristics as indicated by a tendency toward increased levels of damaged starch with the shorter milling diagram. Damaged starch content was found to be indirectly associated (p < 0.05) with the particle size distribution, where the highest concentrations were noted in flours with median distributions below 30 μm. When individual streams were compared across milling configurations, the stream itself was rarely found to significantly influence flour physicochemical properties. However, the variation exhibited in particle‐size distribution, protein, starch, ash, and damaged starch content could have practical relevance given the many significant (p < 0.05) correlations with functional properties that could subsequently affect the end‐use applicability of flours. This would imply that specialized flours could be made with the intention of being used for defined food applications.
Evaluating the effect of light exposure and seed coat on lentil cotyledon color by computer vision
Authors: Jackson Nsuhoridem , Noble Scott D. , Vandenberg Albert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA computer vision system and color analysis algorithms were employed to study the influence of UVA (ultraviolet‐A) and visible light on the color of lentils with red, green, and yellow cotyledons. Twenty samples of cotyledons from each of the three‐color classes were subjected to six light treatments (ultraviolet, full‐spectrum visible, red, green, blue, and dark control) for 7 days at room temperature. The International Commission on Illumination L*a*b* (CIE L*a*b*) color values of the individual seeds were obtained before and after each treatment using the computer vision and image analysis system. Results of the analysis showed that light exposure had a statistically significant effect on all three cotyledon color classes. The effect size was largest for green lentils, smaller in yellow, and least in red lentils. By having established that light exposure affects the color of lentil cotyledons, it was hypothesized that seed coats may protect cotyledons against the effects of light exposure and that the degree of protection would vary with seed coat color classification. This hypothesis was tested using green‐cotyledon lentil varieties with different seed coat classes. Results confirmed that light‐induced color loss in the cotyledons was significantly influenced by seed‐coat color class. The order of protective effect of lentil seed coat from least to highest was found to be as follows: gray‐zero tannin, green, normal gray, and black. Thus, breeding for seed coat protection may improve the overall quality of green lentils. The results from this study will be informative to breeding programs that focus on enhancing the cotyledon color of lentils, and in making decisions regarding the dehulling of lentils and the design of dehulled lentil materials handling.
The new “cubism” graft technique in tympanoplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaya İsa , Şahin Fetih Furkan , Tanrıverdi O Hasan , Kirazlı Tayfun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective, randomized‐controlled study is to analyze the outcomes of a new graft technique in tympanoplasty and compare its outcomes with cartilage island graft plus extra perichondrium.MethodsA total of 44 patients with noncomplicated chronic otitis media were included in this prospective randomized‐controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into 2 double‐layer graft groups: The cartilage island graft + cubism graft (study group) and the cartilage island graft + extra perichondrium (control group). The main outcome measures of the study were the air‐bone gap (ABG), ABG gain, and graft status.ResultsGraft success rate was 100% and 95.5% in the study group and the control group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the postoperative first month ABG and ABG gain between study and control groups (P < .05). ABG and ABG gain showed no significant differences in the postoperative sixth month between groups (P > .05).ConclusionThis study revealed that both graft techniques have satisfactory functional and morphological results compared to preoperative findings. The use of cubism graft with cartilage island graft has significantly better auditory outcomes in short‐term and similar results in long‐term compared to double‐layered cartilage island graft with extra perichondrium. Cubism graft is a highly promising graft technique with its many advantages.Level of Evidence1b.
An ICP‐AES method for routine high‐precision measurement of seawater Sr/Ca ratios to validate coral paleothermometry calibrations
Authors: Khare Agraj , Hughes Hunter P. , Kilbourne K. Halimeda , Schijf Johan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) method is presented for rapid and routine analysis of Sr/Ca molar ratios in seawater, with a long‐term precision of < 0.2%. It is an adaptation of a method widely employed for the analysis of coral aragonite Sr/Ca ratios in marine paleothermometry studies, which are based on the assumption that the seawater Sr/Ca ratio is constant in space and time. While prior studies have shown variations of up to 1% with depth, smaller variations at the ocean surface are generally accounted for via empirical, species‐specific calibrations of coral Sr/Ca vs. temperature. We found Sr/Ca variations in some coastal waters to be even larger, with distinct periodicity, complicating this approach. Although the high precision necessary for measurements of seawater Sr/Ca has previously relied on advanced mass spectrometry, long analysis times, and expensive isotopic spikes, our method uses more accessible instrumentation and is both time‐ and cost‐saving. The intricate composition of seawater, relative to coral aragonite solutions, requires an intensity ratio calibration technique combined with rigorous normalization to a suitable seawater standard. Key aspects of our method are discussed, including the choice of wavelengths, instrument parameters, accuracy, precision, and matrix effects. Special attention is given to the need for a certified seawater Sr/Ca reference standard, which does not presently exist. Analytical validation is provided by concurrent sharp gradients in Sr/Ca and δ18O, coinciding with the Florida landfall of hurricane Irma, as recorded at near‐daily resolution in a continuous seawater sample collected with an osmotic pump.
Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a New Monomer Derived from a Nitroso Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Subnaik Selesha , Sheridan Katya , Hobbs Christopher E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA nitroso Diels–Alder (NDA) reaction between cyclopentadiene and an in situ generated nitroso compound leads to a new heterocyclic monomer for ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions. This monomer could be polymerized in the presence of Grubbs‐third generation initiator with good control over Mn and decent Ð values. The resulting isoxazolidine‐containing material could undergo further hydrogenation, deprotection, and modification with Dansyl chloride as well as ring opening to provide an amino‐and hydroxyl‐decorated “polyolefin.”
Metagenomic analysis and antimicrobial activity of two fermented milk kefir samples
Authors: Tenorio‐Salgado Silvia , Castelán‐Sánchez Hugo G. , Dávila‐Ramos Sonia , Huerta‐Saquero Alejandro , Rodríguez‐Morales Sergio , Merino‐Pérez Enrique , Roa de la Fuente Luis Fernando , Solis‐Pereira Sara E. , Pérez‐Rueda Ernesto , Lizama‐Uc Gabriel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the fermented milk product kefir has been intensively studied because of its health benefits. Here, we evaluated the microbial consortia of two kefir samples, from Escarcega, Campeche, and Campeche (México). We considered a functional comparison between both samples, including fungal and bacterial inhibition; second, we applied shotgun metagenomics to assess the structure and functional diversity of the communities of microorganisms. These two samples exhibited antagonisms against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Bioactive polyketides and nonribosomal peptides were identified by LC‐HRMS analysis. We also observed a high bacterial diversity and an abundance of Actinobacteria in both kefir samples, and a greater abundance of Saccharomyces species in kefir of Escarcega than in the Campeche kefir. When the prophage compositions were evaluated, the Campeche sample showed a higher diversity of prophage sequences. In Escarcega, we observed a prevalence of prophage families that infect Enterobacteria and Lactobacillus. The sequences associated with secondary metabolites, such as plipastatin, fengycin, and bacillaene, and also bacteriocins like helveticin and zoocin, were also found in different proportions, with greater diversity in the Escarcega sample. The analyses described in this work open the opportunity to understand the microbial diversity in kefir samples from two distant localities.
Age‐associated variation in the gut microbiota of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) reveals differences in food metabolism
Authors: Tian Jiashen , Du Jing , Zhang Shengjiu , Li Yanqiu , Gao Xianggang , Han Jiabo , Lu Zhichuang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAge is known to affect the gut microbiota in various animals; however, this relationship is poorly understood in seabirds. We investigated the temporal succession of gut microbiota in captive chinstrap penguins of different ages using high‐throughput sequencing. The gut microbiota exhibited a significant age succession pattern, reaching maturity in adults and then declining with increasing age. Only 15 amplicon sequence variants were shared among the gut microbiota in chinstrap penguins at all studied ages, and these contributed to most of the age‐related variations in total gut microbiota. Co‐occurrence networks found that these key bacteria belonged to the genera Acinetobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, and Fusobacterium, and more species interactions were found within the same taxonomy. Functional prediction indicated that most of the metabolic functions were more abundant in the gut microbiota in adult chinstrap penguins, except for carbohydrate metabolism, which was significantly more abundant in older individuals.
Penaeid Shrimp in Chesapeake Bay: Population Growth and Black Gill Disease Syndrome
Authors: Tuckey Troy D. , Swinford Jillian L. , Fabrizio Mary C. , Small Hamish J. , Shields Jeffrey D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since 1991, the number of penaeid shrimp occurring in Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay has steadily increased, prompting an interest in developing a fishery. Although development of a shrimp fishery in the Chesapeake Bay region could bring economic benefits, the fishery may be hampered by the presence of a disease syndrome known as shrimp black gill (sBG). The objectives of our study were to (1) describe the spatial distribution and abundance patterns of shrimp in Chesapeake Bay, (2) relate relative abundance of shrimp to habitat characteristics, and (3) determine the presence and seasonality of sBG to better understand disease dynamics in the region. Subadult penaeid shrimp were collected monthly from Virginia waters by trawl from 1991 to 2017, and individuals were identified to species and counted. White shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus were the most numerous species captured, followed by brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and pink shrimp F. duorarum. Shrimp were captured primarily from July to December. White shrimp were the only species that exhibited visible signs of sBG, which was first observed in October 2016 (13.4% prevalence); the condition continued into November and recurred the following year. Shrimp with visible signs of gill disease were examined by microscopy, histology, and PCR assay and were diagnosed with infections of a histophagous apostome ciliate, presumably Hyalophysa lynni. Any impacts of sBG on shrimp survival or marketability should be considered in fishery management plans to ensure sustainability of the resource.
Decadal-Scale Variation in Mean Trophic Level in Beibu Gulf Based on Bottom-Trawl Survey Data
Authors: Su Li , Chen Zuozhi , Zhang Kui , Xu Youwei , Xu Shannan , Wang Kaili 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using bottom-trawl survey data to examine fishery resources in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea, changes in stock density, dominant species composition, mean trophic level, and the fishing-in-balance index were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the stock density of fishery resources declined in the gulf from 1961 to 2017. The composition of dominant species in trawl surveys from Beibu Gulf changed greatly from 1961–1962 to 2016–2017 and showed a shift from bottom species to pelagic species and from high-trophic-level species to low-trophic-level species. Catches of low-trophic-level species increased, while the dominance of high-trophic-level species declined. The mean trophic level of fish from the gulf declined from 3.90 in 1961–1962 to 3.45 in 1998–1999 at a rate of 0.13 of a trophic level per decade and then began to increase to 3.65 in 2016–2017 at a rate of 0.12 of a trophic level per decade. The fishing-in-balance index dropped to –0.96 in 1998–1999 and then slightly increased. The results indicate that fisheries resources in the Beibu Gulf have been overfished. Therefore, we recommend reducing fishing pressure and strengthening the implementation of protection measures, such as summer fishing moratoriums, enhancement, and artificial reef construction.