bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shallot extract enhance root growth in crystal guava (Psidium guajava) stem cuttings
Authors: Sarjiyah  , Setiawan D A , Rineksane I A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The most efficient and effective propagation of guava plants is by using stem cuttings. The main obstacle in the multiplication of guava with stem cuttings is the root system. Plant Growth Regulators are needed to accelerate and increase the roots of guava stem cuttings to obtain quality seeds. Plant growth regulators that can be used to accelerate guava growth include Indole Butyric Acid, Naphtalene Acetic Acid. However, both growth regulators are not available at the farm level. One alternative material that can increase the growth of guava cuttings is shallot extract. Information is needed to find out what is the right concentration of shallot extract to get guava seedlings with high growth percentage and quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the exact concentration of shallot extract on the growth of guava root cuttings. The research method used was a single factor experimental which was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments tested were without plant growth regulators (as a control), fresh shallot extract concentration of 1%, maceration of shallot extract concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, IBA with a concentration of 500 ppm (as a comparison). Guava stem cuttings before planting are soaked in the treatment solution for 120 minutes. During seedling growth, observations of roots, stems and leaves are observed. Observation data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the concentration of maceration of shallot extract 2% was able to grow roots and shoots with the same quality as IBA concentration of 500 ppm on crystal stem guava stem cuttings.
Fe and Zn content of various genetic background of released rice varieties in Indonesia
Authors: Rohaeni W R , Susanto U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fe and Zinc deficiency is one of the most prevalence micro nutrient disorder in Indonesia. Increasing of Fe and Zn content in rice grain is expected to be useful to reduce the micronutrient deficiency. This research was aimed to identify rice varieties containing high Fe and Zn content and initially study the correlation among some related traits. The experiment was conducted in October – December 2016 by testing 176 released varieties and 4 elite rice lines. The samples were prepared as brown rice. Fe and Zn contents were measured using XRF Oxford machine which is validated by ICP method. The results showed that Fe content of the tested genotypes is normally distributed ranged from 9.70 ppm to 17.40 ppm with the mean of 13.03 ppm and the Zn content is not normally distributed ranged from 15.80 ppm to 31.10 ppm with the mean of 22.41 ppm. Majority of the released rice varieties in Indonesia had lower Fe and Zn content compared to the most popular variety, Ciherang (12.20 ppm and 24.70 ppm). Kalimutu had the highest both for Fe and Zn content (17.40 ppm and 31,10 ppm). Fe and Zn content are positively correlated and breeding effort for both traits is prospective.
Utilization of White Curcuma (Curcuma zedoaria) in the Feed as an Effort to the Nutrition Digestibility Optimization of Super Kampong Chicken
Authors: Widodo W , Rahayu I D , Sutanto A , Anggraini A D , Handayani T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research aims for the utilization of white Curcuma (Curcuma zedoaria) in the feed as an effort to the nutrition digestibility optimization of super Kampong chicken from crossbreeding. Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang was the place to conduct this research, starting from January to March 2019. The material was 100-day old chick (DOC) super Kampong chicken. The completely randomized design (CRD) was used with four treatments namely T0 (0% of white Curcuma), T1 (1% of white Curcuma), T2 (2% of white Curcuma), T3 (3% of white Curcuma), and five replications. Each flock had 5 chickens. Analysis of Variance (ANAVA ) was used for data analysis. The values of dry matter digestibility were T0 (95.38%), T1 (92.80%), T2 (94.56%), and T3 (94.56%). The crude fat digestibility values were T0 (71.54%), T1 (71.26%), T2 (73.49%), and T3 (77.39%). The biological protein values were T0 38.69%, T1 36.39%, T2 40.26%, and T3 60.28%. Then, the values of nitrogen retention were T0 (0.35 g), T1 (0.34 g), T2 (0.36 g), and T3 (0.57 g). The conclusion was white Curcuma on the feed of super Kampong chicken from cross-breeding did not affect the digestibility of dry matter, crude fat, biological protein value, and nitrogen retention.
Manipulation of chili plant architecture to enhance productivity and pests control
Authors: Setiawati W , Hasyim A , Udiarto B K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pruning of chili pepper caused changes in the plant architecture affecting the management practices, both resulted in greater fruit production and controlled pest population. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of different pruning systems on yield and pests abundance in chili pepper (cv. Mega Top F1). The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Banyuresmi District, Garut, West Java (850 m asl) from June, 2018 to January, 2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments consists of five pruning treatments including a control where no plants were pruned. The results showed that different type of pruning affected growth, yield and pests abudance on chili. Treatments with two branches remaining and shoot pruning/pinching in the nursery significantly affected the plant growth with maximum yield (16.47 tonha−1). Pruning significantly affected fruit yield from 19.87 - 30.92% and reduced the population of several pests, such as T. parvispinus, B. tabaci and S. litura up to 13.33 – 88.01%. Pruning induced the plants to have wider architecture and this could be practiced to increase the quality yield of chili pepper.
Semantic segmentation of pollen grain images generated from scattering patterns via deep learning
Authors: Grant-Jacob James A , Praeger Matthew , Eason Robert W , Mills Ben 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pollen can lead to individuals suffering from allergic rhinitis, with a person’s vulnerability being dependent on the species and the amount of pollen. Therefore, the ability to precisely quantify both the number and species of pollen grains in a certain volume would be invaluable. Lensless sensing offers the ability to classify pollen grains from their scattering patterns, with the use of very few optical components. However, since there could be 1000 s of species of pollen one may wish to identify, in order to avoid having to collect scattering patterns from all species (and mixtures of species) we propose using two separate neural networks. The first neural network generates a microscope equivalent image from the scattering pattern, having been trained on a limited number of experimentally collected pollen scattering data. The second neural network segments the generated image into its components, having been trained on microscope images, allowing pollen species identification (potentially allowing the use of existing databases of microscope images to expand range of species identified by the segmentation network). In addition to classification, segmentation also provides richer information, such as the number of pixels and therefore the potential size of particular pollen grains. Specifically, we demonstrate the identification and projected area of pollen grain species, via semantic image segmentation, in generated microscope images of pollen grains, containing mixtures and species that were previously unseen by the image generation network. The microscope images of mixtures of pollen grains, used for training the segmentation neural network, were created by fusing microscope images of isolated pollen grains together while the trained neural network was tested on microscope images of actual mixtures. The ability to carry out pollen species identification from reconstructed images without needing to train the identification network on the scattering patterns is useful for the real-world implementation of such technology.
Combining single-molecule super-resolved localization microscopy with fluorescence polarization imaging to study cellular processes
Authors: Shepherd Jack W , Payne-Dwyer Alex L , Lee Ji-Eun , Syeda Aisha , Leake Mark C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy has catalyzed valuable insights into the sub-cellular, mechanistic details of many different biological processes across a wide range of cell types. Fluorescence polarization spectroscopy tools have also enabled important insights into cellular processes through identifying orientational changes of biological molecules typically at an ensemble level. Here, we combine these two biophysical methodologies in a single home-made instrument to enable the simultaneous detection of orthogonal fluorescence polarization signals from single fluorescent protein molecules used as common reporters on the localization of proteins in cellular processes. These enable measurement of spatial location to a super-resolved precision better than the diffraction-limited optical resolution, as well as estimation of molecular stoichiometry based on the brightness of individual fluorophores. In this innovation we have adapted a millisecond timescale microscope used for single-molecule detection to enable splitting of fluorescence polarization emissions into two separate imaging channels for s- and p-polarization signals, which are imaged onto separate halves of the same high sensitivity back-illuminated CMOS camera detector. We applied this fluorescence polarization super-resolved imaging modality to a range of test fluorescent samples relevant to the study of biological processes, including purified monomeric green fluorescent protein, single combed DNA molecules, and protein assemblies and complexes from live Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Our findings are qualitative but demonstrate promise in showing how fluorescence polarization and super-resolved localization microscopy can be combined on the same sample to enable simultaneous measurements of polarization and stoichiometry of tracked molecular complexes, as well as the translational diffusion coefficient.
Grassroots Glasnost: Experimental Art, Participation, and Civic Life in 1980s East Berlin
Authors: Smith Briana J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article examines how experimental art staged in East Berlin galleries and city streets from the mid-1970s through the 1980s was used to rethink the relationship between art, social life, and citizenship under socialism. Experimental artists took advantage of the gaps in party control in order to access a second public sphere in which open communication, imagination, and critique were possible—and encouraged. The article situates East Berlin’s experimental practitioners as part of a broader pattern in East-Central Europe in which unconventional art incited a localized grassroots glasnost parallel to top-down reforms emanating from the USSR. These conceptual installations, performances, and actions challenged viewers’ traditional forms of perceiving reality and, thus, the status quo. Moreover, general audiences were often invited to participate in the process of artistic production as a form of collective action. These practices contributed to a spirit of political ferment across East-Central Europe in which more expansive and participatory forms of socialist citizenship were tested, and later contributed to the possibility for revolution. They retained their relevance in the aftermath of revolutionary change and during the postsocialist transformation as artists continued to insist on art fulfilling a social, critical, and public purpose.
Contributions of Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c Measurements in Diabetes Screening
Authors: Hilborne Lee H , Bi Caixia , Radcliff Jeff , Kroll Martin H , Kaufman Harvey W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Given the long-term consequences of untreated diabetes, patients benefit from timely diagnoses. Payer policies often recognize glucose but not hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for diabetes screening. This study evaluates the different information that glucose and HbA1c provide for diabetes screening.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of national clinical laboratory testing during 2020 when glucose and HbA1c were ordered for routine diabetes screening, excluding patients with known diabetes, out-of-range glucose, or metabolic syndrome.

Results
Of 15.47 million glucose and HbA1c tests ordered simultaneously, 672,467 (4.35%) met screening inclusion criteria; 116,585 (17.3%) were excluded because of diabetes-related conditions or the specimen was nonfasting, leaving 555,882 result pairs. More than 1 in 4 patients 60 years of age or older with glucose within range had an elevated HbA1c level. HbA1c claims were denied more often for Medicare beneficiaries (38,918/65,273 [59.6%]) than for other health plans combined (23,234/291,764 [8.0%]).

Conclusions
Although many health plans do not cover HbA1c testing for diabetes screening, more than 1 in 4 glucose screening patients 60 years of age or older with an in-range glucose result had a concurrent elevated HbA1c result. Guideline developers and health plans should explicitly recognize that glucose and HbA1c provide complementary information and together offer improved clinical utility for diabetes screening.
Access to direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C–negative transplant recipients receiving organs from hepatitis C–viremic donors
Authors: Bova Sarah , Cameron Andrew , Durand Christine , Katzianer Jennifer , LeGrand Meighan , Boyer Lauren , Glorioso Jaime , Toman Lindsey P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose
A barrier to using organs from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-viremic donors is the high cost of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and concerns about access for recipients after transplantation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate access, cost, and timing for HCV DAAs following transplantation.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective study of HCV-negative adult transplant recipients from June 2017 to December 2019 who received grafts from HCV-viremic and/or HCV-seropositive individuals and became HCV viremic after transplantation.

Results
Between June 2017 and December 2019, there were 60 HCV-negative transplant recipients who became viremic after receiving grafts from HCV-viremic or HCV-seropositive donors. Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria (n = 25 with liver transplants, n = 6 with lung transplants, n = 4 with simultaneous liver and kidney transplants, and n = 3 with kidney transplants). Of these patients, 23 had commercial insurance, 13 had Medicare, and 2 had Medicaid. All patients ultimately received insurance coverage for treatment; however, 36 (95%) required prior authorization and 9 (24%) required appeals to obtain insurance coverage. The median time from DAA prescription to insurance approval was 6 days. The median time from transplantation to start of treatment was 29 days (range, 0-84 days). Patients with Medicaid insurance had a significantly longer time to insurance approval (31.5 vs 6 days, P = 0.007). The average out-of-pocket cost to patients was less than $10 a month after patient assistance. All patients who completed treatment and 12-week follow-up after treatment achieved a sustained virologic response (n = 36).

Conclusion
In this study, all HCV-negative recipients who developed HCV following transplantation had access to DAA therapy, with the majority starting treatment in the first month after transplantation.
HEAL: an automated deep learning framework for cancer histopathology image analysis
Authors: Wang Yanan , Coudray Nicolas , Zhao Yun , Li Fuyi , Hu Changyuan , Zhang Yao-Zhong , Imoto Seiya , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Webb Geoffrey I , Daly Roger J , Song Jiangning 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Digital pathology supports analysis of histopathological images using deep learning methods at a large-scale. However, applications of deep learning in this area have been limited by the complexities of configuration of the computational environment and of hyperparameter optimization, which hinder deployment and reduce reproducibility.

Results
Here, we propose HEAL, a deep learning-based automated framework for easy, flexible and multi-faceted histopathological image analysis. We demonstrate its utility and functionality by performing two case studies on lung cancer and one on colon cancer. Leveraging the capability of Docker, HEAL represents an ideal end-to-end tool to conduct complex histopathological analysis and enables deep learning in a broad range of applications for cancer image analysis.

Availability and implementation
The docker image of HEAL is available at https://hub.docker.com/r/docurdt/heal and related documentation and datasets are available at http://heal.erc.monash.edu.au.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A More ‘Child-Centred’ System? Child Protection Social Workers’ Willingness to Employ Discretion
Authors: Murphy Ciarán 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Munro Review highlighted obstacles hindering the realisation of an ‘effective’ and ‘child-centred’ English child protection system, including the ‘risk’ associated with the social worker’s discretionary space. The review called for reform to enable practicing social workers to exercise their discretion in the best interests of the individual child. This article reports on the results of an iterative qualitative mixed-methods case study of one local authority child protection team, utilising focus group, questionnaire, interview, observation, documentary analysis and critical realist grounded theory, to explore whether, on encountering a discretionary space, social workers were willing to employ discretion, and the factors influencing this decision. The main findings included that social workers were experiencing discretionary space in an entrepreneurial, de jure and de facto sense and that practitioners were more likely to choose to exercise their discretion within the managerially sanctioned discretionary space. Whilst the research does offer some evidence in favour of Munro’s image for discretion within the system, it also suggests that further efforts may be required to better imbed ‘sanctioned’ discretionary space into local policy and procedures so that child protection social workers can more consistently employ their discretion in the interests of the individual child.
Use of high-content imaging to quantify transduction of AAV-PHP viruses in the brain following systemic delivery
Authors: Smith Edward J , Farshim Pamela P , Flomen Rachel , Jones Samuel T , McAteer Sean J , Deverman Benjamin E , Gradinaru Viviana , Bates Gillian P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The engineering of the AAV-PHP capsids was an important development for CNS research and the modulation of gene expression in the brain. They cross the blood brain barrier and transduce brain cells after intravenous systemic delivery, a property dependent on the genotype of Ly6a, the AAV-PHP capsid receptor. It is important to determine the transduction efficiency of a given viral preparation, as well as the comparative tropism for different brain cells; however, manual estimation of adeno-associated viral transduction efficiencies can be biased and time consuming. Therefore, we have used the Opera Phenix high-content screening system, equipped with the Harmony processing and analysis software, to reduce bias and develop an automated approach to determining transduction efficiency in the mouse brain. We used R Studio and ‘gatepoints’ to segment the data captured from coronal brain sections into brain regions of interest. C57BL/6J and CBA/Ca mice were injected with an AAV-PHP.B virus containing a green fluorescent protein reporter with a nuclear localization signal. Coronal sections at 600 μm intervals throughout the entire brain were stained with Hoechst dye, combined with immunofluorescence to NeuN and green fluorescent protein to identify all cell nuclei, neurons and transduced cells, respectively. Automated data analysis was applied to give an estimate of neuronal percentages and transduction efficiencies throughout the entire brain as well as for the cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The data from each coronal section from a given mouse were highly comparable. The percentage of neurons in the C57BL/6J and CBA/Ca brains was approximately 40% and this was higher in the cortex than striatum and hippocampus. The systemic injection of AAV-PHP.B resulted in similar transduction rates across the entire brain for C57BL/6J mice. Approximately 10–15% of all cells were transduced, with neuronal transduction efficiencies ranging from 5% to 15%, estimates that were similar across brain regions, and were in contrast to the much more localized transduction efficiencies achieved through intracerebral injection. We confirmed that the delivery of the AAV-PHP.B viruses to the brain from the vasculature resulted in widespread transduction. Our methodology allows the rapid comparison of transduction rates between brain regions producing comparable data to more time-consuming approaches. The methodology developed here can be applied to the automated quantification of any parameter of interest that can be captured as a fluorescent signal.
Queen Caroline, music and Handel revisited
Authors: Gardner Matthew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Queen Caroline (1683–1737) was a long-term supporter of Handel and his music. Her connection to the composer began in 1710 when he was appointed Kapellmeister to the Hanoverian court. In London from 1714 Caroline continued to show interest in music and Handel in particular, helping him to further develop his career. She regularly attended the opera, organized private performances at court, and ensured that her children received a good musical education—with Handel employed as a music master to her daughters. Although some royal support of music did continue after Caroline’s death, it is evident from a general decline in these years that she had been the driving force behind royal patronage, rather than her husband George II. Handel’s anthem for the funeral of Queen Caroline, The ways of Zion do mourn (1737), and individual aspects of her support of music and Handel, as well as her general interest in the arts, have received some scholarly attention. Her broader support of music in connection with Handel’s London career has, however, not been addressed in one place. This article therefore revisits Queen Caroline’s interests in music, providing new context surrounding her role in the Hanoverians’ patronage of Handel.