bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping lithospheric seismic structure beneath the Shillong plateau (India) and adjoining regions by jointly fitting receiver functions and surface wave dispersion
Authors: Agrawal Mohit , Das Mukesh Kumar , Kumar Sachin , Pulliam Jay 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYThe northeastern Indian region is characterized by complex lithospheric structure that developed due to collision between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, in the north, and to subduction beneath the Burmese arc, in the east. We report results from joint modelling of Ps and Sp receiver functions and Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves in which a broad search for acceptable models is performed via simulated annealing. We identify three tectonic domains, the Shillong plateau, Brahmaputra valley and Indo-Burma convergence zone (IBCZ), sampled by teleseismic earthquake data recorded by nine broad-band seismic stations. Our results reveal that the region's thinnest crust lies beneath the Shillong plateau, where it increases slightly from the plateau's eastern edge to its centre and reaches a maximum at the western edge of the plateau. Crustal Vp/Vs ratios range between 1.69 and 1.75 for the Shillong plateau, which is consistent with a felsic composition. Deeper Moho depths beneath the Brahmaputra valley, adjacent to the northern front of the Shillong plateau, may be due to the flexure of Indian lithosphere subducting beneath Asia. Low velocity zones are indicated at ∼5–10 km depth beneath the Brahmaputra valley, which may have been developed by NE–SW trending compressional stresses from the collision at the Himalayan arc and subduction at the Burmese arc. The crust is thickest in Kohima, beneath the Naga thrust in the IBCZ, where a high velocity zone is observed for both Vp and Vs at a depth of 25–40 km. This anomaly may be associated with a high velocity slab, trending N–NE to S–SW, that comprises the subducting Indian lithosphere in the IBCZ.
From detente to containment: the emergence of Iran's new Saudi strategy
Authors: Ahmadian Hassan , Mohseni Payam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Iran's strategy with respect to Saudi Arabia is a key factor in the complex balance of power of the Middle East as the Iranian–Saudi rivalry impacts the dynamics of peace and conflict across the region from Yemen to Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Bahrain. What is Iranian strategic thinking on Saudi Arabia? And what have been the key factors driving the evolution of Iranian strategy towards the Kingdom? In what marks a substantive shift from its previous detente policy, we argue that Tehran has developed a new containment strategy in response to the perceived threat posed by an increasingly pro-active Saudi Arabia in the post-Arab Spring period. Incorporating rich fieldwork and interviews in the Middle East, this article delineates the theoretical contours of Iranian containment and contextualizes it within the framework of the Persian Gulf security architecture, demonstrating how rational geopolitical decision-making factors based on a containment strategy, rather than the primacy of sectarianism or domestic political orientations, shape Iran's Saudi strategy. Accordingly, the article traces Iranian strategic decision-making towards the Kingdom since the Islamic Revolution of 1979 and examines three cases of Iran's current use of containment against Saudi Arabia in Syria, Yemen and Qatar.
Study of chemical looping co-gasification of lignite and rice husk with Cu-Ni oxygen carrier
Authors: Wang Mengxin , Li Tianle , Xiao Yupeng , Wang Wenju 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coal is the dominant composition of fossil fuel but, with the accompanying gaseous products, causes environmental pollution. Here, we report a methodology to improve C conversion in co-gasification. The steam gasification and chemical looping gasification (CLG) of lignite and rice husk with oxygen uncoupling over 5% NiO/CuO oxygen carrier were conducted by non-isothermal kinetics method in a fixed-bed reactor. The gasification results showed that the yields of gas products in CLG of lignite or rice husk are higher than that in steam gasification. The yields of gases in chemical looping co-gasification (CLCG) are higher than that in steam co-gasification. In the co-gasification, the complementation of reactivity between fuels facilitated the C conversion rate, so the yields in co-gasification were higher than in individual gasification. The C conversion in CLCG of lignite and rice husk is 14.51% higher than that in steam co-gasification.
On a subdiffusive tumour growth model with fractional time derivative
Authors: Fritz Marvin , Kuttler Christina , Rajendran Mabel L , Wohlmuth Barbara , Scarabosio Laura 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present and analyse a system of coupled partial differential equations, which models tumour growth under the influence of subdiffusion, mechanical effects, nutrient supply and chemotherapy. The subdiffusion of the system is modelled by a time fractional derivative in the equation governing the volume fraction of the tumour cells. The mass densities of the nutrients and the chemotherapeutic agents are modelled by reaction diffusion equations. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution to the model via the Faedo–Galerkin method and the application of appropriate compactness theorems. Lastly, we propose a fully discretized system and illustrate the effects of the fractional derivative and the influence of the fractional parameter in numerical examples.
Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Associations Between Periodontal Disease and Risk of Cancer
Authors: Corlin Laura , Ruan Mengyuan , Tsilidis Konstantinos K , Bouras Emmanouil , Yu Yau-Hua , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael , Klein Alison P , Risch Harvey A , Amos Christopher I , Sakoda Lori C , Vodička Pavel , Rish Pai K , Beck James , Platz Elizabeth A , Michaud Dominique S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Observational studies indicate that periodontal disease may increase the risk of colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. Using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we assessed whether a genetic predisposition index for periodontal disease was associated with colorectal, lung, or pancreatic cancer risks.

Methods
Our primary instrument included single nucleotide polymorphisms with strong genome-wide association study evidence for associations with chronic, aggressive, and/or severe periodontal disease (rs729876, rs1537415, rs2738058, rs12461706, rs16870060, rs2521634, rs3826782, and rs7762544). We used summary-level genetic data for colorectal cancer (n = 58 131 cases; Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colon Cancer Family Registry, and Colorectal Transdisciplinary Study), lung cancer (n = 18 082 cases; International Lung Cancer Consortium), and pancreatic cancer (n = 9254 cases; Pancreatic Cancer Consortia). Four MR approaches were employed for this analysis: random-effects inverse-variance weighted (primary analyses), Mendelian Randomization-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, simple median, and weighted median. We conducted secondary analyses to determine if associations varied by cancer subtype (colorectal cancer location, lung cancer histology), sex (colorectal and pancreatic cancers), or smoking history (lung and pancreatic cancer). All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
The genetic predisposition index for chronic or aggressive periodontitis was statistically significantly associated with a 3% increased risk of colorectal cancer (per unit increase in genetic index of periodontal disease; P = .03), 3% increased risk of colon cancer (P = .02), 4% increased risk of proximal colon cancer (P = .01), and 3% increased risk of colorectal cancer among females (P = .04); however, it was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer or pancreatic cancer, overall or within most subgroups.

Conclusions
Genetic predisposition to periodontitis may be associated with colorectal cancer risk. Further research should determine whether increased periodontitis prevention and increased cancer surveillance of patients with periodontitis is warranted.
A Systematic Review of Benefit-Finding and Growth in Pediatric Medical Populations
Authors: Kritikos Tessa K , Stiles-Shields Colleen , Winning Adrien M , Starnes Meredith , Ohanian Diana M , Clark Olivia E , del Castillo Allison , Chavez Patricia , Holmbeck Grayson N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
This review synthesizes the literature on benefit-finding and growth (BFG) among youth with medical illnesses and disabilities and their parents. Specifically, we summarized: (a) methods for assessing BFG; (b) personal characteristics, personal, and environmental resources, as well as positive outcomes, associated with BFG; (c) interventions that have enhanced BFG; and (d) the quality of the literature.

Methods
A medical research librarian conducted the search across PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Studies on BFG among children ages 0–18 with chronic illnesses and disabilities, or the parents of these youth were eligible for inclusion. Articles were uploaded into Covidence; all articles were screened by two reviewers, who then extracted data (e.g., study characteristics and findings related to BFG) independently and in duplicate for each eligible study. The review was based on a systematic narrative synthesis framework and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020189339).

Results
In total, 110 articles were included in this review. Generally, BFG capabilities were present across a range of pediatric health conditions and disabilities. Correlates of both youth and parent BFG are presented, including personal and environmental resources, coping resources, and positive outcomes. In addition, studies describing interventions aimed at enhancing BFG are discussed, and a quality assessment of the included studies is provided.

Conclusions
Recommendations are provided regarding how to assess BFG and with whom to study BFG to diversify and extend our current literature.
Experiencing Enumeration: Local Reactions and Resistance to Censuses in Imperial Russia, 1863–81
Authors: Gibson Catherine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the second half of the nineteenth century, statistics attracted significant attention from government officials and educated elites as a method of quantifying socioeconomic change and rendering human and natural resources visible through data. However, we still know little about how local communities responded to changing methods of gathering statistical data during the gradual shift away from forms of enumeration based on legal estates and households toward modern methods of individual enumeration by census. Rarely do we approach the history of censuses from the perspective of the census subjects to consider the experiences of those being counted. This article analyzes interactions between census organizers and local populations in the three Russian imperial Baltic provinces (Estland, Livland, and Kurland) in the second half of the nineteenth century. As a form of administrative intervention, censuses opened up a space for local populations to articulate opinions and question the overlapping layers of authority within the empire between local elites, the provincial administration, and tsarist government. Examining the history of censuses from the perspective of local communities in the Russian Empire demonstrates how attitudes and resistance to censuses were closely tied to particular local issues and concerns. The Baltic case study adds nuance to existing discussions on forms of census resistance by broadening the focus beyond identity politics and conflict over forms of confessional, linguistic, and national classification. Instead, census subjects in the Baltic voiced concerns about how the local authorities might use individual enumeration as a form of administrative surveillance and social control.
Cell identity specification in plants: lessons from flower development
Authors: Xu Xiaocai , Smaczniak Cezary , Muino Jose M , Kaufmann Kerstin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMulticellular organisms display a fascinating complexity of cellular identities and patterns of diversification. The concept of ‘cell type’ aims to describe and categorize this complexity. In this review, we discuss the traditional concept of cell types and highlight the impact of single-cell technologies and spatial omics on the understanding of cellular differentiation in plants. We summarize and compare position-based and lineage-based mechanisms of cell identity specification using flower development as a model system. More than understanding ontogenetic origins of differentiated cells, an important question in plant science is to understand their position- and developmental stage-specific heterogeneity. Combinatorial action and crosstalk of external and internal signals is the key to cellular heterogeneity, often converging on transcription factors that orchestrate gene expression programs.
LINC00205 Promotes Tumor Malignancy of Lung Adenocarcinoma Through Sponging miR-185-5p
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Hu Yahui , Wu Yuting , Zhang Deming , Huang Dongwei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The emerging role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is attracting increasingly more attention as a potential therapeutic target. However, whether lncRNA LINC00205 regulates the malignancy of LUAD has not been characterized. In this study, we discovered that LINC00205 was markedly upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines and correlated with poor prognosis of patients with LUAD. Our data showed that LINC00205 promoted the migration and proliferation of LUAD cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Notably, the tumor suppressor miR-185-5p was found to be a direct target of LINC00205. In addition, miR-185-5p diminished the promotion of cell proliferation and migration mediated by LINC00205, whereas miR-185-5p inhibition had the opposite effect. In summary, our results show that LINC00205 contributes to LUAD malignancy by sponging miR-185-5p, which provides new insight into LUAD progression.
Recovering the origins of the lenticular galaxy NGC 3115 using multiband imaging
Authors: Buzzo Maria Luisa , Cortesi Arianna , Hernandez-Jimenez Jose A , Coccato Lodovico , Werle Ariel , Beraldo e Silva Leandro , Grossi Marco , Vika Marina , Barbosa Carlos Eduardo , Lucatelli Geferson , Santana-Silva Luidhy , Bamford Steven , Debattista Victor P , Forbes Duncan A , Overzier Roderik , Romanowsky Aaron J , Ferrari Fabricio , Brodie Jean P , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A detailed study of the morphology of lenticular galaxies is an important way to understand how this type of galaxy is formed and evolves over time. Decomposing a galaxy into its components (disc, bulge, bar, ...) allows recovering the colour gradients present in each system, its star formation history, and its assembly history. We use galfitm to perform a multiwavelength structural decomposition of the closest lenticular galaxy, NGC 3115, resulting in the description of its stellar light into several main components: a bulge, a thin disc, a thick disc, and also evidence of a bar. We report the finding of central bluer stellar populations in the bulge, as compared to the colour of the galaxy outskirts, indicating either the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and/or recent star formation activity. From the spectral energy distribution results, we show that the galaxy has a low luminosity AGN component, but even excluding the effect of the nuclear activity, the bulge is still bluer than the outer-regions of the galaxy, revealing a recent episode of star formation. Based on all of the derived properties, we propose a scenario for the formation of NGC 3115 consisting of an initial gas-rich merger, followed by accretions and feedback that quench the galaxy, until a recent encounter with the companion KK084 that reignited the star formation in the bulge, provoked a core displacement in NGC 3115 and generated spiral-like features. This result is consistent with the two-phase formation scenario, proposed in previous studies of this galaxy.
Stellar flares detected with the Next Generation Transit Survey
Authors: Jackman James A G , Wheatley Peter J , Acton Jack S , Anderson David R , Bayliss Daniel , Briegal Joshua T , Burleigh Matthew R , Casewell Sarah L , Gänsicke Boris T , Gill Samuel , Gillen Edward , Goad Michael R , Günther Maximilian N , Henderson Beth A , Hodgkin Simon T , Jenkins James S , Pugh Chloe , Queloz Didier , Raynard Liam , Tilbrook Rosanna H , Watson Christopher A , West Richard G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a search for stellar flares in the first data release from the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). We have found 610 flares from 339 stars, with spectral types between F8 and M6, the majority of which belong to the Galactic thin disc. We have used the 13-s cadence NGTS light curves to measure flare properties such as the flare amplitude, duration, and bolometric energy. We have measured the average flare occurrence rates of K and early to mid-M stars and present a generalized method to measure these rates while accounting for changing detection sensitivities. We find that field age K and early M stars show similar flare behaviour, while fully convective M stars exhibit increased white-light flaring activity, which we attribute to their increased spin-down time. We have also studied the average flare rates of pre-main-sequence K and M stars, showing they exhibit increased flare activity relative to their main-sequence counterparts.
In the mouse, prostaglandin D2 signalling protects the endometrium against adenomyosis
Authors: Philibert Pascal , Déjardin Stéphanie , Pirot Nelly , Pruvost Alain , Nguyen Anvi Laetitia , Bernex Florence , Poulat Francis , Boizet-Bonhoure Brigitte 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Adenomyosis is characterised by epithelial gland and mesenchymal stroma invasion of the uterine myometrium. Adenomyosis is an oestrogen-dependent gynaecological disease in which a number of factors, such as inflammatory molecules, prostaglandins (PGs), angiogenic factors, cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodelling proteins, also play a role as key disease mediators. In this study, we used mice lacking both lipocalin and hematopoietic-PG D synthase (L- and H-Pgds) genes in which PGD2 is not produced to elucidate PGD2 roles in the uterus. Gene expression studied by real-time PCR and hormone dosages performed by ELISA or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy in mouse uterus samples showed that components of the PGD2 signalling pathway, both PGDS and PGD2-receptors, are expressed in the mouse endometrium throughout the oestrus cycle with some differences among uterine compartments. We showed that PGE2 production and the steroidogenic pathway are dysregulated in the absence of PGD2. Histological analysis of L/H-Pgds−/− uteri, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses of proliferation (Ki67), endothelial cell (CD31), epithelial cell (pan-cytokeratin), myofibroblast (α-SMA) and mesenchymal cell (vimentin) markers, identify that 6-month-old L/H-Pgds−/− animals developed adenomyotic lesions, and that disease severity increased with age. In conclusion, this study suggests that the PGD2 pathway has major roles in the uterus by protecting the endometrium against adenomyosis development. Additional experiments, using for instance transcriptomic approaches, are necessary to fully determine the molecular mechanisms that lead to adenomyosis in L/H-Pgds−/− mice and to confirm whether this strain is an appropriate model for studying the human disease.
Dynamically elongated associative toehold for tuning DNA circuit kinetics and thermodynamics
Authors: Ang Yan Shan , Yung Lin-Yue Lanry 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Associative toehold is a powerful concept enabling efficient combinatorial computation in DNA circuit. A longer association length boosts circuit kinetics and equilibrium signal but results in higher leak rate. We reconcile this trade-off by using a hairpin lock design to dynamically elongate the effective associative toehold length in response to the input target. Design guidelines were established to achieve robust elongation without incurring additional leakages. Three hairpin initiators with different combinations of elongated associative toehold (4 → 6 nt, 5 → 8 nt and 6 → 9 nt) were shortlisted from the design framework for further discussion. The circuit performance improved in terms of reaction kinetics, equilibrium signal generated and limit of detection. Overall, the elongated associative toehold served as a built-in function to stabilize and favour the forward, desired reaction when triggered.
The multi-functionality of UHRF1: epigenome maintenance and preservation of genome integrity
Authors: Mancini Monica , Magnani Elena , Macchi Filippo , Bonapace Ian Marc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring S phase, the cooperation between the macromolecular complexes regulating DNA synthesis, epigenetic information maintenance and DNA repair is advantageous for cells, as they can rapidly detect DNA damage and initiate the DNA damage response (DDR). UHRF1 is a fundamental epigenetic regulator; its ability to coordinate DNA methylation and histone code is unique across proteomes of different species. Recently, UHRF1’s role in DNA damage repair has been explored and recognized to be as important as its role in maintaining the epigenome. UHRF1 is a sensor for interstrand crosslinks and a determinant for the switch towards homologous recombination in the repair of double-strand breaks; its loss results in enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage. These functions are finely regulated by specific post-translational modifications and are mediated by the SRA domain, which binds to damaged DNA, and the RING domain. Here, we review recent studies on the role of UHRF1 in DDR focusing on how it recognizes DNA damage and cooperates with other proteins in its repair. We then discuss how UHRF1’s epigenetic abilities in reading and writing histone modifications, or its interactions with ncRNAs, could interlace with its role in DDR.
Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation
Authors: Letunic Ivica , Bork Peer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Interactive Tree Of Life (https://itol.embl.de) is an online tool for the display, manipulation and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees. It is freely available and open to everyone. iTOL version 5 introduces a completely new tree display engine, together with numerous new features. For example, a new dataset type has been added (MEME motifs), while annotation options have been expanded for several existing ones. Node metadata display options have been extended and now also support non-numerical categorical values, as well as multiple values per node. Direct manual annotation is now available, providing a set of basic drawing and labeling tools, allowing users to draw shapes, labels and other features by hand directly onto the trees. Support for tree and dataset scales has been extended, providing fine control over line and label styles. Unrooted tree displays can now use the equal-daylight algorithm, proving a much greater display clarity. The user account system has been streamlined and expanded with new navigation options and currently handles &gt;1 million trees from &gt;70 000 individual users.