bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical clustering by patient-reported pain distribution alone identifies distinct chronic pain subgroups differing by pain intensity, quality, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Alter Benedict J. , Anderson Nathan P. , Gillman Andrea G. , Yin Qing , Jeong Jong-Hyeon , Wasan Ajay D. 
Published: August 2021

Background
In clinical practice, the bodily distribution of chronic pain is often used in conjunction with other signs and symptoms to support a diagnosis or treatment plan. For example, the diagnosis of fibromyalgia involves tallying the areas of pain that a patient reports using a drawn body map. It remains unclear whether patterns of pain distribution independently inform aspects of the pain experience and influence patient outcomes. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of patterns of pain distribution using an algorithmic approach agnostic to diagnosis or patient-reported facets of the pain experience.

Methods and findings
A large cohort of patients (N = 21,658) completed pain body maps and a multi-dimensional pain assessment. Using hierarchical clustering of patients by body map selection alone, nine distinct subgroups emerged with different patterns of body region selection. Clinician review of cluster body maps recapitulated some clinically-relevant patterns of pain distribution, such as low back pain with radiation below the knee and widespread pain, as well as some unique patterns. Demographic and medical characteristics, pain intensity, pain impact, and neuropathic pain quality all varied significantly across cluster subgroups. Multivariate modeling demonstrated that cluster membership independently predicted pain intensity and neuropathic pain quality. In a subset of patients who completed 3-month follow-up questionnaires (N = 7,138), cluster membership independently predicted the likelihood of improvement in pain, physical function, and a positive overall impression of change related to multidisciplinary pain care.

Conclusions
This study reports a novel method of grouping patients by pain distribution using an algorithmic approach. Pain distribution subgroup was significantly associated with differences in pain intensity, impact, and clinically relevant outcomes. In the future, algorithmic clustering by pain distribution may be an important facet in chronic pain biosignatures developed for the personalization of pain management.
Determinants and perception of health insurance participation among healthcare providers in Nigeria: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Shobiye Hezekiah Olayinka , Dada Ibironke , Ndili Njide , Zamba Emmanuella , Feeley Frank , de Wit Tobias Rinke 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundTo accelerate universal health coverage, Nigeria’s National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) decentralized the implementation of government health insurance to the individual states in 2014. Lagos is one of the states that passed a State Health Insurance Scheme into law, in order to expand the benefits of health insurance beyond the few residents enrolled in community-based health insurance programs, commercial private health insurance plans or the NHIS. Public and private healthcare providers are a critical component of the Lagos State Health Scheme (LSHS) rollout. This study explored the determinants and perception of provider participation in health insurance programs including the LSHS.MethodsThis study used a mixed-methods cross sectional design. Quantitative data were collected from 60 healthcare facilities representatively sampled from 6 Local Government Areas in Lagos state. For the qualitative data, providers were interviewed using structured questionnaires on selected characteristics of each health facility in addition to the managers’ opinions about the challenges and benefits of insurance participation, capacity pressure, resource availability and financial management consequences.ResultsA higher proportion of provider facilities participating in insurance relative to non-participating facilities were larger with mid to (very) high patient volume, workforce, and longer years of operation. In addition, a greater proportion of private facilities compared to public facilities participated in insurance. Furthermore, a higher proportion of secondary and tertiary facilities relative to primary facilities participated in insurance. Lastly, increase in patient volume and revenue were motivating factors for provider facilities to participate in insurance, while low tariffs, delay and denial of payments, and patients’ unrealistic expectations were mentioned as inhibiting factors.ConclusionFor the Lagos state and other government insurance schemes in developing countries to be successful, effective contracting and quality assurance of healthcare providers are essential. The health facilities indicated that these would require adequate and regular provider payment, investments in infrastructure upgrades and educating the public about insurance benefit plans and service expectations.
Personal Information Privacy: Some Findings on Gender Difference
Authors: Belhadjali Moncef , Abbasi Sami , Whaley Gary 
Published: August 2021

The implementation of effective cybersecurity by organizations is a prerequisite to privacy protection for personal information collected, used, stored, and shared online. The trend for the potential of online privacy breaches has been moving upward with our daily reliance on the Internet and cloud computing. While online, individuals may choose to use a credit card to complete a transaction, access email, access social media sites, and store pictures through a cloud storage. In some cases, law enforcement agencies may access and use personal information stored online. Do individuals approve of the usage of their personal information by these agencies to solve crimes? Do demographic characteristics such a gender, education, and age provide a reliable set of predictors for the probability of approval? Do females and males differ with respect to the decision to approve information usage to solve crimes? This study reports on the analysis of data from a 2019 Pew Research Center survey of 1,365 individuals in the USA. Most respondents (63%) approve of personal information usage by law enforcement agencies to solve crimes. The purpose of this study is to determine the trend in the citizens’ approval for personal information usage by law enforcement agencies, especially distinguishing the genders. The results of a regression analysis showed that the demographic variables -gender, education, and age- provide a statistically significant power to predict the probability for information usage approval. A t-Test revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between genders. Females are more likely to offer the approval.
Morning report goes virtual: learner experiences in a virtual, case-based diagnostic reasoning conference
Authors: Penner John C. , Le Stephenie , Shipley Lindsey C. , Murdock H. Moses , Minter Daniel J. , Nematollahi Saman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Participation in case-based diagnostic reasoning (DR) conferences has previously been limited to those who can attend in-person. Technological advances have enabled these conferences to migrate to virtual platforms, creating an opportunity to improve access and promote learner participation. We describe the design and evaluation of virtual morning report (VMR), a novel case-based DR conference that aimed to expand access to these conferences, leverage a virtual platform to create new opportunities for learner participation, and improve learner confidence in performing DR.

Methods
VMR took place on a videoconferencing platform. Participants included health professions students, post-graduate trainees, and practitioners. In designing VMR, we adapted concepts from the experience-based model of learning to design opportunities for learner participation. Teaching strategies were informed by information-processing and situativity theories. We evaluated learner experiences in VMR using a survey with open and closed-ended questions. Survey items focused on accessing case-based teaching conferences outside of VMR, participant perceptions of the educational value of VMR, and VMR’s impact on participants’ confidence in performing DR. We used thematic analysis to manually code open-ended responses and identify themes.

Results
203 participants (30.2%) completed the survey. 141 respondents (69.5%) reported they did not otherwise have access to a DR conference. The majority of participants reported increased confidence performing DR. Respondents highlighted that VMR supplemented their education, created a supportive learning environment, and offered a sense of community.

Conclusions
VMR can expand access to DR education, create new opportunities for learner participation, and improve learner confidence in performing DR.
Design and performance analysis of spectral-efficient hybrid CPDM-CO-OFDM FSO communication system under diverse weather conditions
Authors: Chowdhury Ruhin , Choyon A. K. M. Sharoar Jahan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A comprehensive design is proposed for the free-space optical (FSO) communication system by hybridizing circular polarization division multiplexing (CPDM) with coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) and its performance is investigated realistically under diverse turbulent weather conditions of Bangladesh. Here, we consider Gamma–Gamma distribution for the turbulent FSO channel model. Moreover, the proposed scheme presents an excellent performance since the CPDM technique not only maximizes the link capacity of the FSO system but also enhances the spectral efficiency of the system. Besides, multipath fading, which is appeared during the FSO transmission, is significantly mitigated by OFDM modulation. The outcomes from the simulation confirm the advantages of the proposed hybrid scheme and also it can serve as a reference for the FSO application even in turbulent weather conditions. Performance analysis of the proposed model is described in terms of the optical power spectrum, optical signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, Q factor, constellation diagrams, and eye diagrams.
Some inequalities for exponentially convex functions on time scales
Authors: Georgiev Svetlin G. , Darvish Vahid , Roushan Tahere A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the notion of exponentially convex functions on time scales and then we establish Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for this class of functions. As special case, we derive this double inequality in the context of classical notion of exponentially convex functions and convex functions. Moreover, we prove some new integral inequalities for n-times continuously differentiable functions with exponentially convex first Δ-derivative.
The Neolithisation of the Adriatic: Contrasting Regional Patterns and Interactions Along and Across the Shores
Authors: Kačar Sonja 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The beginning of the Neolithic in the Adriatic region dates back to approximately 6000 cal BC, and the appearance of Impressed Ware pottery marks its generic development. By combining lithic, economic, and paleoenvironmental data, we propose a new arrhythmic model for the chronology of Neolithisation in the Adriatic. On the one hand, the available data suggest that in the south-central part of the basin (Dalmatia and Apulia) the transition to farming was relatively quick, resulting from the colonisation of an open landscape (seemingly linked to the “8.2 ka event” and the onset of a drier climate). These newcomers mostly settled in the fertile plains of the Dalmatian and Apulian hinterlands, basing their subsistence almost exclusively on agriculture and livestock, while lithic blade production in cherts from Gargano (southern Italy) indicates important social aspects and complex management strategies (mining activities, more complex modes of pressure flaking, and specialised distribution networks). However, on the other hand, in the northern Adriatic (Istria, Karst, eastern Po Plain, and Marches), the Neolithic emerged somewhat later, possibly as a result of some form of acculturation. Although available data are still scarce, some evidence suggests that the last Mesolithic groups played an active role in the process of Neolithisation in these areas, where certain Castelnovian traditions have been identified in the lithic production accompanying Impressed Ware (the use of local cherts, lamellar production by indirect percussion, and “simpler” forms of pressure flaking) and in the economy, e.g. importance of fishing.
A cobalt-based coordination polymer with a tripodal carboxylate ligand: synthese, structure and properties
Authors: Tang Long , Nan JiaoWei , Zheng YuFei , Wang JiJiang , Hou XiangYang , Wang Xiao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A new cobalt-based coordination polymer (CP), [Co(Htatb)(1,4-bib)]·DMF (1), has been hydrothermally synthesized from CoCl2
·6H2O, 4,4′,4′′-s-triazine-2,4,6-tribenzoic acid (H3tatb), and 1,4-bis(1-imidazoly)benzene (1,4-bib). The product has been characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In compound 1, the Htatb ligand links three CoII ions resulting in a double-strand chain structure, further bridged through the 1,4-bib ligands to generate a 2D structure with channels. The fluorescence and cyclovoltammetry characteristics of compound 1 have also been investigated.
Effects of Acute High-Intensity Interval Training on Information Processing Speed
Authors: Kendall Bradley J. , Siekirk Nicholas J. , Lai Qin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Kendall, BJ, Siekirk, NJ, and Lai, Q. Effects of acute high-intensity interval training on information processing speed. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3081–3086, 2022—This study investigated the effects of acute exercise on reaction time (RT), premotor time (i.e., central processing), and motor time (i.e., peripheral processing) using surface electromyography to fractionate RT. Fifty-eight young adults (27 men, 31 women) between the age of 18 and 40 years participated in 2 testing sessions. During visit one, subjects performed a simple RT task under regular (i.e., consistent timing) and irregular (i.e., variable timing) foreperiods. Subjects were then randomized to either an aerobic-only high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group (HIIT-A), an aerobic/resistance HIIT group (HIIT-AR), or a resting control group (CG). Both exercise groups performed a 20-minute, digital video disc-delivered HIIT exercise protocol. After exercise or rest, when controlling for cardiovascular fitness, no statistical differences were observed for the regular foreperiod conditions (p > 0.05). For the irregular foreperiod conditions, the HIIT-A group (M = 219.8, SE = 6.5) and the HIIT-AR group (M = 218.2, SE = 5.8) had significantly faster mean RTs than the CG (M = 248.1, SE = 8.1). In addition, the HIIT-A (M = 172.1, SE = 4.6) and HIIT-AR exercise groups (M = 171.3, SE = 4.8) had significantly faster mean PMTs than the CG (M = 189.7, SE = 5.7). These findings suggest that tasks dependent on central processing may benefit from an acute bout of exercise.
Evaluación de desempeño de la mezcla asfáltica modificada con residuos de PVC tipo blíster
Authors: Cajina Cruz Nicole Alexandra , Baldi Alejandra , Camacho Garita Edgar , Aguiar Moya José Pablo 
Published: August 2021

La modificación de mezclas asfálticas con polímeros de desecho brinda diversos beneficios. Entre los más importantes se encuentra la optimización del desempeño de la mezcla y el incremento en su vida útil. Esto sin considerar, una reducción en la cantidad de residuos plásticos que no poseen un adecuado manejo de desecho.
El presente artículo muestra los resultados obtenidos de una investigación en donde se incorporó a una mezcla asfáltica un material de desecho tipo blíster (compuesto por polímeros como el PVC) por medio de la vía seca. Método en donde, previo a la adhesión del asfalto, se incorpora a la mezcla el modificante en sustitución de parte del agregado fino. Esto con el propósito de evaluar el desempeño de esta mezcla y comparar su comportamiento mecánico con el de una mezcla convencional.
Para la ejecución del proyecto se caracterizó el modificante (blíster) y se seleccionó el porcentaje adecuado para que el diseño de la mezcla modificada cumpliera con las especificaciones de la metodología Superpave. Con el diseño definido se realizaron los especímenes de ensayo y se evaluó su desempeño con las pruebas de: fatiga a cuatro puntos, rueda de Hamburgo, resistencia retenida a la tensión diametral y módulo dinámico. Como se identificó un adecuado comportamiento de la mezcla modificada, se evaluó su sensibilidad en una estructura de pavimento; identificando en qué capas de la mezcla asfáltica sería conveniente utilizarla.
The effectiveness of galactomyces ferment filtrate, dexpanthenol and Centella asiatica combination serum in the treatment of post-acne hyperpigmentation
Authors: Dewi We Sagara , Kurniadi Ivan , Anwar Anis Irawan 
Published: August 2021

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous gland that may result in both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions. Post-acne hyperpigmentation (PAH) is caused by a hypermelanotic reaction to skin inflammation. It can occur secondary to the inflammation process and depending on the severity, may persist for a prolonged period.Objective To determine the effectiveness of galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF), dexpanthenol, and Centella asiatica combination serum in the treatment of PAHMethods: This was a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. There are 68 subjectsÂ that were divided into two groups: the experimental group received combination serum while the control group received placebo for 8 weeks. Three drops of serum were applied to the area with PAH twice daily in the morning and at night. The melanin, erythema, roughness, and L*, a*, and b* scores were assessed objectively using mexameter, chromameter and skin analyzer for every two weeks. Pearsonâ€™s correlation test and independent T-test were used to assess the trend of the parameters and compare the results of both groups.Results: The results of statistical calculations using Pearson correlation test showed the treatment group showed a significant decreasing trend of the melanin and spots score. Both groups showed significant decreasing trend in erythema, L* score and roughness. However, no significant difference was found between both groups in all parameters.Conclusion: The combination serum may decrease the melanin and spot scores suggesting that it affects the melanocyte activity. It has shown a good efficacy in treating PAH.
Hubungan Perhatian dari Orang Tua terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Satria Tio Gusti 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of carrying out this research is to determine the relationship between parental attention to the learning outcomes of class II SDIT Raudhatul Jannah Lubuklinggau. The research was using quantitative correlation by the sample of 55 students. Techniques in collecting data using questionnaires and documentation. Techniques in data analysis by applying the formula "product moment correlation" and "double correlation". The results of the study showed a significant relationship between parental attention to learning outcomes. This is evidenced by rxy amount 0.51542, rxy amount 0.26566, t-count 3.2944. The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between parental attention to the learning outcomes of class II SDIT Raudhatul Jannah students. Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara perhatian orang tua terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas II SDIT Raudhatul Jannah Lubuklinggau. Penelitian dilakukan dengan jenis korelasi kuantitatif, dan sampel sebanyak 55 siswa. Teknik dalam mengumpulkan data menggunakan teknik kuesioner dan teknik dokumentasi. Teknik dalam analisis data menerapkan rumus "product moment correlation" dan "double correlation". Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara perhatian orang tua terhadap hasil belajar. Hal ini dibuktikan dari rxy sama dengan 0,51542, rxy sama dengan 0,26566, t-hitung 3,2944. Simpulannya bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perhatian orang tua terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas II SDIT Raudhatul Jannah.
Need of access facilities for persons with hearing disabilities
Authors: Banik Arun A , Banik Aninda Duti 
Published: August 2021

Accessibility can be refer as the "ability to access" and benefit from some system or entity. The concept access facilities focuses on enabling barrier free environment for persons with disabilities, or enabling access through the use of assistive technology brings overall development in accessibility and benefits to everyone. All human beings are physically disabled for some time in their lives. But those who remain healthy and without disability all their lives are very few. Thus, public buildings should be accessible and barrier-free to both able body and disabled population as well. Persons with disability find it difficult to gain access into and operate freely without assistance in many public buildings in India. This publication is an attempt to provide information an inventory of facilities required for disabled people in public places.It is an observational study covered the identification and ascertaining the functional state of access facilities available including schools etc. A total of 10 such public buildings samples were observed. The results show that major facilities required by disabled people are lacking in many public places. Some of the access facilities identified in few public buildings are in poor state of operation. However, absence of such key facilities restricts the activities of normal population as well as physical disability people. Hence, they cannot work freely in such environment and become productive as tax-paying members of the nation. Due to shortfall or perhaps total neglect in provision of such access facilities, the movement, competence and talents are being restricted for the disabled population. Hence, equal opportunity and non-discrimination brings good equation for every citizen in this developing country constitute a barrier free environment for the development of their abilities. At last, the society at large is deprived of the abilities and talents in people with disabilities.