bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A least action principle for interceptive walking
Authors: Kim Soon Ho , Kim Jong Won , Chung Hyun Chae , Choi MooYoung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe principle of least effort has been widely used to explain phenomena related to human behavior ranging from topics in language to those in social systems. It has precedence in the principle of least action from the Lagrangian formulation of classical mechanics. In this study, we present a model for interceptive human walking based on the least action principle. Taking inspiration from Lagrangian mechanics, a Lagrangian is defined as effort minus security, with two different specific mathematical forms. The resulting Euler–Lagrange equations are then solved to obtain the equations of motion. The model is validated using experimental data from a virtual reality crossing simulation with human participants. We thus conclude that the least action principle provides a useful tool in the study of interceptive walking.
PD-L1 expression in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Byers Joshua , Yin Hong , Rytting Heather , Logan Suzanna , He Mai , Yu Zhongxin , Wang Dehua , Warren Mikako , Mangray Shamlal , Dehner Louis P. , Zhou Shengmei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAngiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare tumor of intermediate malignancy. Treatment options for unresectable and/or metastatic tumors are very limited. Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may be worth exploring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 in AFHs. PD-L1 expression was assessed on 36 AFHs from 36 pediatric patients by immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 (clone 22C3). Positivity was defined as membranous expression in ≥ 1% of either tumor or immune cells. The correlations between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathologic features were assessed. Two patients had lymph node metastasis. All patients underwent surgical resection; three of them also had systemic chemotherapy. Three patients had recurrence after initial resection; all patients were alive with a median follow-up of 2.5 years. Overall, twenty-two (61%) tumors were positively stained for PD-L1 and positivity was seen on both tumor and immune cells in eighteen of the 22 tumors. A positive correlation was found between tumor cell PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. There were no statistically significant differences between the status of PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathological features assessed. PD-L1 expression was identified in 61% of AFHs with a predominantly adaptive pattern. Our findings provide a rationale for future studies evaluating the potential of checkpoint immunotherapy for patients with unresectable and/or metastatic tumor.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) autocrine signaling promotes survival and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Chauvin Maëva , Garambois Véronique , Colombo Pierre-Emmanuel , Chentouf Myriam , Gros Laurent , Brouillet Jean-Paul , Robert Bruno , Jarlier Marta , Dumas Karen , Martineau Pierre , Navarro-Teulon Isabelle , Pépin David , Chardès Thierry , Pèlegrin André 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn ovarian carcinoma, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) type II receptor (AMHRII) and the AMH/AMHRII signaling pathway are potential therapeutic targets. Here, AMH dose-dependent effect on signaling and proliferation was analyzed in four ovarian cancer cell lines, including sex cord stromal/granulosa cell tumors and high grade serous adenocarcinomas (COV434-AMHRII, SKOV3-AMHRII, OVCAR8 and KGN). As previously shown, incubation with exogenous AMH at concentrations above the physiological range (12.5–25 nM) decreased cell viability. Conversely, physiological concentrations of endogenous AMH improved cancer cell viability. Partial AMH depletion by siRNAs was sufficient to reduce cell viability in all four cell lines, by 20% (OVCAR8 cells) to 40% (COV434-AMHRII cells). In the presence of AMH concentrations within the physiological range (5 to 15 pM), the newly developed anti-AMH B10 antibody decreased by 25% (OVCAR8) to 50% (KGN) cell viability at concentrations ranging between 3 and 333 nM. At 70 nM, B10 reduced clonogenic survival by 57.5%, 57.1%, 64.7% and 37.5% in COV434-AMHRII, SKOV3-AMHRII, OVCAR8 and KGN cells, respectively. In the four cell lines, B10 reduced AKT phosphorylation, and increased PARP and caspase 3 cleavage. These results were confirmed in ovarian cancer cells isolated from patients’ ascites, demonstrating the translational potential of these results. Furthermore, B10 reduced COV434-MISRII tumor growth in vivo and significantly enhanced the median survival time compared with vehicle (69 vs 60 days; p = 0.0173). Our data provide evidence for a novel pro-survival autocrine role of AMH in the context of ovarian cancer, which was targeted therapeutically using an anti-AMH antibody to successfully repress tumor growth.
Probiotics improve the neurometabolic profile of rats with chronic cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Rackayová Veronika , Flatt Emmanuelle , Braissant Olivier , Grosse Jocelyn , Capobianco Daniela , Mastromarino Paola , McMillin Matthew , DeMorrow Sharon , McLin Valérie A. , Cudalbu Cristina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChronic liver disease leads to neuropsychiatric complications called hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Current treatments have some limitations in their efficacy and tolerability, emphasizing the need for alternative therapies. Modulation of gut bacterial flora using probiotics is emerging as a therapeutic alternative. However, knowledge about how probiotics influence brain metabolite changes during HE is missing. In the present study, we combined the advantages of ultra-high field in vivo 1H MRS with behavioural tests to analyse whether a long-term treatment with a multistrain probiotic mixture (VIVOMIXX) in a rat model of type C HE had a positive effect on behaviour and neurometabolic changes. We showed that the prophylactic administration of this probiotic formulation led to an increase in gut Bifidobacteria and attenuated changes in locomotor activity and neurometabolic profile in a rat model of type C HE. Both the performance in behavioural tests and the neurometabolic profile of BDL + probiotic rats were improved compared to the BDL group at week 8 post-BDL. They displayed a significantly lesser increase in brain Gln, a milder decrease in brain mIns and a smaller decrease in neurotransmitter Glu than untreated animals. The clinical implications of these findings are potentially far-reaching given that probiotics are generally safe and well-tolerated by patients.
Understanding the genetic architecture of the metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically healthy obese phenotypes in a Korean population
Authors: Park Jae-Min , Park Da-Hyun , Song Youhyun , Kim Jung Oh , Choi Ja-Eun , Kwon Yu-Jin , Kim Seong-Jin , Lee Ji-Won , Hong Kyung-Won 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW) and metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes is important for developing strategies to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify the MUHNW and MHO genetic indices. The study dataset comprised genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes and epidemiological data from 49,915 subjects categorised into four phenotypes—metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), MUHNW, MHO, and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO). We conducted two GWASs using logistic regression analyses and adjustments for confounding variables (model 1: MHNW versus MUHNW and model 2: MHO versus MUHO). GCKR, ABCB11, CDKAL1, LPL, CDKN2B, NT5C2, APOA5, CETP, and APOC1 were associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes among normal weight individuals (model 1). LPL, APOA5, and CETP were associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes among obese individuals (model 2). The genes common to both models are related to lipid metabolism (LPL, APOA5, and CETP), and those associated with model 1 are related to insulin or glucose metabolism (GCKR, CDKAL1, and CDKN2B). This study reveals the genetic architecture of the MUHNW and MHO phenotypes in a Korean population-based cohort. These findings could help identify individuals at a high metabolic risk in normal weight and obese populations and provide potential novel targets for the management of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes.
Impact of geniohyoid and masseter muscle masses on dysphagia after salvage surgery and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Hashida Nao , Shamoto Hiroshi , Maeda Keisuke , Wakabayashi Hidetaka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether geniohyoid and/or masseter muscle mass can predict the severity of dysphagia after salvage surgery for head and neck cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 45 male patients with head and neck cancer (median age, 68 years) who underwent salvage surgery. The preoperative geniohyoid and masseter muscle masses were evaluated using computed tomography and the severity of dysphagia was evaluated by Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Oropharyngeal swallow efficiency (OPSE). The median PAS, FOIS and OPSE scores after surgery were 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–8), 6 (IQR 2–7) and 95.8 (IQR 67.1–116.2), respectively. The mean geniohyoid muscle masses were 3.13 ± 0.78 cm2 and the mean masseter muscle masses were 4.37 ± 0.99 cm2, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that the geniohyoid muscle mass was significantly associated with the PAS, FOIS and OPSE scores. Conversely, the masseter muscle mass was not significantly associated with the PAS score but was significantly associated with the FOIS and OPSE scores. Geniohyoid muscle mass may predict the severity of dysphagia after salvage surgery.
Periodic oscillations of atmospheric electric field during snowfall in the Tokyo metropolitan area
Authors: Ohya Hiroyo , Nakamori Kota , Takano Toshiaki , Kamogawa Masashi , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Morotomi Kazuomi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the first observations of periodic oscillations of an atmospheric electric field simultaneously derived by field mills at four observation sites at a distance of 50–65 km in metropolitan Tokyo. Oscillations were detected during a snowfall event on 23–24 November, 2016. The main period of the oscillations of the atmospheric electric field at CHB was 78 min, which was similar to those at other sites. The periods of 39.0, 54.6, and 78.0 min observed at Chiba (CHB) were similar to those observed by W-band cloud radar (FALCON-I) reflectivity below a height of 5 km. High coherence of the 78-min period between the atmospheric electric field at CHB and the X-band phased array weather radar reflectivity suggest that the periodic oscillations of the atmospheric electric field during snowfall were caused by vertically convective cells in snow clouds with a radius of 60 km centered on CHB.
Highly enantioselective one-pot sequential synthesis of valerolactones and pyrazolones bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocentres
Authors: Xu Yan-Li , Qin Zhou-Zhou , Wang Yu-Xia , Zhao Peng-Fei , Li Hong-Feng , Du Zhi-Hong , Da Chao-Shan 
Published: January 2021

Highly enantiopure and bioactive δ-valerolactones and pyrazolones, bearing α-all-carbon quaternary stereocentres, were successfully and sequentially prepared via a one-pot procedure catalysed by a new chiral squaramide under mild reaction conditions.
The Operational and Financial Value of an Interventional Radiology Clinic at a Large, Academic, Tertiary Public Hospital System
Authors: McDevitt Joseph L. , Quadri Rehan S. , Sutphin Patrick D. , Reddick Mark 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the operational and financial impact of an interventional radiology (IR) clinic at a tertiary county hospital system.
Methods The IR clinic, which opened in January 2017, evaluates outpatient referrals and completes preprocedure workups, nonimage-guided procedures, and postprocedure follow-up visits. Procedural volumes, locations, start times, and end times were analyzed from September 2015 to June 2018, with comparison of pre- and postclinic values by t-tests.
Results Relative to the preclinic period, the number of IR cases completed each quarter has increased by an average of 12% (pre: 953 ± 63, post: 1063 ± 34, p = 0.01). Procedures that saw the largest quarterly growth included port placements (44% increase; pre: 82 ± 8, post: 118 ± 17, p = 0.002), inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placements (24% increase; pre: 33 ± 12, post: 41 ± 8, p = 0.20), IVC filter removals (72% increase; pre: 18 ± 7, post: 31 ± 8, p = 0.02), and treatments of lower extremity venous disease (100% increase; pre: 7 ± 2, post: 14 ± 6, p = 0.04). Completion of 119 cases/quarter in clinic (removal of tunneled catheters and infusion ports), as well as a reduction of emergent nephrostomy exchanges, reduced quarterly facility charges for these procedures by $350,000. Since the opening of the IR clinic, the first outpatient case started 36 minutes earlier (p < 0.001) and the last case finished 19 minutes earlier (p = 0.004).
Conclusion Opening an IR clinic resulted in a significant increase in case volume while reducing avoidable costs and improving efficiency of the angiography suite.
Thromboelastography Platelet Mapping—A Useful Preoperative Tool to Reduce Transfusion Requirement by Determining Timing of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients taking Dual Antiplatelet Medication: A Pilot Study from Eastern India
Authors: Datta Suvro  Sankha , De Dibyendu , Bose Satyajit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this pilot study, we proposed an algorithm to use thromboelastography platelet mapping (TEG-PM) as an effective preoperative platelet function assessment tool in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) to reduce the transfusion requirement by determining timing of surgery in patients who are on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Total 15 elective CABG patients who were receiving DAPT were tested by TEG-PM assay after 72 hours’ stoppage of both medications. Four patients who had < 50% inhibition with agonists (arachidonic acid [AA] and adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) were operated within 24 hours of assay. Eight patients who had > 70% inhibition with AA/ADP, surgery was deterred till 48 hours, and 3 patients with > 50% but < 70% inhibition were operated within 24 hours after preoperative prophylactic platelet transfusion. Transfusion requirement was recorded and compared with the previous transfusion data for CABG cases operated without TEG-PM. Distribution of ADP inhibition was 67.54 ± 30.03% and AA inhibition was 60.69 ± 30.14%, showing a variable offset of the effect of both medications starting after 72 hours of cessation. Overall transfusion requirement was decreased by using TEG-PM algorithm. Preoperative platelet function testing to determine the timing of surgery by TEG-PM assay in DAPT-treated patients may be a useful strategy to reduce transfusion requirement in CABG.
Direct democracy integrity and the 2017 constitutional referendum in Turkey: a new research instrument
Authors: Kersting Norbert , Grömping Max 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn some countries, direct democracy is used successfully to increase legitimacy of decisions or mitigate conflict, and in other countries, authoritarian leaders seem to instrumentalize and manipulate referendums. How can referendum integrity be analyzed? This article presents an empirical instrument to evaluate the variety and integrity of referendums. This encompasses criteria for the analysis of direct democracy. First, we develop a referendum cycle model based on the electoral cycle framework, assessing referendum quality in a number of dimensions from electoral laws and electoral procedures, thematic limitations of referendums, to voter registration, the initiation of referendums, campaign and media coverage as well as campaign financing. The empirical instrument is designed to be used in expert surveys, and piloted in the Turkish constitutional referendum of 2017. The article presents the results of the pilot study, draws out opportunities and limitations of this approach and suggests avenues for its future development.
Plant propagation.
Authors: Cottrell Vicki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

It is thought that plant propagation, i.e. multiplying plants, preserving their qualities, and tending them, began approx. 10,000 years ago when people began to cultivate plants for food and other products (Hartman et al., 2010). Most basic methods of plant propagation had been discovered before the start of recorded history, and many plant species had already been domesticated (selected and adapted to human use), including cereals and legumes (Hartman et al., 2010). The two main types of plant propagation are sexual and asexual propagation. Sexual propagation usually involves the production of seed, leading to production of progeny with variable characteristics, so it is often used in plant breeding. Asexual propagation leads to clones of the parent plant and is useful when specific characteristics are desired in the new plants. There are many different forms of asexual or vegetative propagation, including cuttings, grafting, division, storage organs and in vitro techniques.
Shaping Effects on Zonal Flow in Tokamaks
Authors: Li J , Liu S Q , Wang Z T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Zonal flows are m = n = 0 electrostatic potential fluctuations with a finite radial wave-number. Plasma shaping effects on zonal flow are studied with gyrokinetic theory. We focus on the effect of the elongation E particularly. A new coordinates which are related to elongation are rigorously developed in the analysis of gyrokinetic equation. The GAM real frequency and damping rates are inversely proportional to elongation E which seems to be consistent with that measured in ASDEX-Upgrade. The lower the GAM frequency the more important it is expected to become in moderating the turbulence via shear decorrelation. Reduction of GAM damping rates could help to generate the zonal flow.
Development of a Nuclear Energy Spectrum Signal Generator
Authors: Zhai Juan , Chen Jiehao , Lin Hongjian , Zhou Jinge , Huang Jinchu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A digital nuclear pulse and digital nuclear energy spectrum signal generator was designed using FPGA and digital frequency synthesizer (DDS). It also includes slip signal, triangle wave, square wave, sine wave output. By randomly sampling the amplitude information and time information of the reference spectrum line, the complex algorithm of nuclear signal reproduction is avoided, and the simulation of the nuclear signal random pulse and nuclear energy spectrum (137Cs gamma spectrum) is realized. The signal amplitude is adjustable from 0.1V to 10V, and the frequency is adjustable from 10Hz to 10kHz.
Bifurcation Analysis of a Bistable Nonlinear Vibration Energy Harvester with Elastic Boundary
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Li Xuefeng , Li Renfu , Yang Kai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel bistable vibration energy harvester with an elastic boundary (BVEH_EB). The bistable nonlinearity of the BVEH_EB is realized by an inclined spring, which could induce a large-amplitude inter-well response to pursue high harvesting efficiency. The elastic boundary brings additional dynamic coupling with the inclined spring to reduce the depth of the potential energy well, which could enhance the inter-well response. The bifurcation responses in terms of different parameters such as the magnet mass, the inclined spring stiffness, the excitation frequency, and the excitation amplitude are numerically investigated. Abundant nonlinear phenomena, such as intra-well oscillation, inter-well oscillation, chaos, etc., are observed. The design guidelines of the BVEH_EB are developed, which could provide a novel harvesting method.
A Model to Design Giant Magnetoresistive Sensor
Authors: Cao Zhiqiang , Chen Weibin , Zhao Hailun , Zhao Weisheng , Leng Qunwen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor has developed rapidly in automobile, consumer electronics and current sensing areas due to its high sensitivity and low power consumption. In this work, we suggest a method to design GMR sensor based on Stoner-Wohlfarth coherent rotation model. We have investigated the influence of width of GMR sensor to its performance with the model and verified with experiments. And different pinning direction GMR elements are also researched to study Wheatstone bridge structure. The experimental results matched well with the simulation results which proved that the model is efficient in designing GMR sensor.
Solubility of Monolayer MoS2 and Expected Bioabsorbable LED
Authors: Peng Dongsheng , Liu Kailong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Transient electronic technology is a new technology, which is characterized by the ability to dissolve, decompose in a controlled way. Expected adhibitions include bioabsorbable or biodegradable medical implants, hardware-safe storage devices and biodegradable sensors.2D materials may play a vital role in these systems due to their unique electrical, thermal, mechanical and optical properties. Monolayer MoS2 is a recently discovered biosoluble two-dimensional material. Monolayer MoS2 has unique semiconductor characteristics and biological absorption properties. Single-layer MoS2 is a direct band gap semiconductor material, and it has a high electron mobility, good current switching ratio, very low power consumption. These characteristics of single-layer MoS2 make it have great potential in electronic/optoelectronic devices, sensors, photothermal therapeutics, and biomedical applications. In this aspect, the ability to dissolve single-layer MoS2 in the biological liquid can be used to regulate the performance and life of the relevant bio-absorbable devices and systems. Based on monolayer MoS2, we designed a bio-absorbable LED. Furthermore, the wet transfer process of single layer MoS2 was optimized to some extent.
Parallel hybrid Monte Carlo / Molecular Statics for Simulation of Solute Segregation in Solids
Authors: Ganesan Hariprasath , Longsworth Margarita , Sutmann Godehard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A parallel hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular statics method is presented for studying segregation of interstitial atoms in the solid state. The method is based on the efficient use of virtual atoms as placeholders to find energetically favorable sites for interstitials in a distorted environment. MC trial moves perform an exchange between a randomly chosen virtual atom with a carbon atom followed by a short energy minimization via MS to relax the lattice distortion. The proposed hybrid method is capable of modeling solute segregation in deformed crystalline metallic materials with a moderate MC efficiency. To improve sampling efficiency, the scheme is extended towards a biased MC approach, which takes into account the history of successful trial moves in the system. Parallelization of the hybrid MC/MS method is achieved by a Manager-Worker model which applies a speculative execution of trial moves, which are asynchronously executed on the cores. The technique is applied to an Fe-C system including a dislocation as a symmetry breaking perturbation in the system.
Local time evolution in Personal Communication Service model
Authors: Ziganurova Liliia , Shchur Lev 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate the local time evolution in the Personal Communication Service (PCS) model simulated with the parallel discrete event simulation method’s optimistic algorithm. We propose a model for the optimistic local virtual time evolution (OLVT) in PCS, which is reminiscent of statistical physics’s surface growth. We use Rensselaer’s optimistic simulation system with the Time Warp implementation. We compare the results of the simulations of both PCS and OLVT models and found good agreement. We discuss the highlights of our approach in the analysis of scalability and synchronization using the OLVT model.