bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the thymus and neurochemical changes in the hypothalamus–preoptic area and prefrontal cortex in female rats with delayed puberty
Authors: Antoniou K. , Papadopoulou‐Daifotis Z. , Kanelakis K. , Varonos D.D. , Sfikakis A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn female rats, aged 55–58 days with delayed puberty due to deficient growth and environmental stress, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels and serotonin turnover rate in the hypothalamus–preoptic area as well as body weight, body weight gain and relative weight of ovaries, uterus, adrenals and preputial glands were lower while serotonin and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the prefrontal cortex were higher when compared to normal rats with the latest onset of puberty aged 42–52 days. In rats with delayed puberty, multiple regression analysis revealed a significant negative dependence on dopamine turnover in the hypothalamus–preoptic area for body weight gain and, of all organs, for the relative weight of the thymus. A similar negative significant dependence on serotonin turnover rate in the prefrontal cortex was also found for the relative weight of thymus and spleen. The same analysis in the opposite direction revealed a significant negative dependence of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels and dopamine turnover rate in the hypothalamus–preoptic area as well as serotonin turnover rate in the prefrontal cortex only on thymus weight. After separation of delayed pubertal rats into two groups, based on absolute ovarian weight, the rats in the low ovarian weight range and no signs of puberty exhibited: lower body weight gain, lower body weight, and lower relative weight only of thymus, ovaries and preputial glands in parallel with an increased dopamine turnover rate in the hypothalamus–preoptic area and serotonin turnover rate in the prefrontal cortex compared to the delayed pubertal rats in the high ovarian weight range and early signs of puberty. The results suggest that in rats with delayed puberty: (1) serotonergic activation in the hypothalamus–preoptic area is lower compared to normal puberty rats; (2) dopaminergic activation in the hypothalamus–preoptic area negatively affects body weight gain, thymus weight and initiation of puberty and (3) thymus weight is negatively implicated in dopaminergic activation in the hypothalamus–preoptic area and serotonergic activation in the prefrontal cortex and positively related to ovarian weight and early signs of puberty.
Activity of sialidases in fetal brain axonal growthcones and during postnatal development
Authors: Hernandez‐r J. , Boyzo A. , Mercadoc R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the present work the cytosolic, membrane‐bound and the total activities of brainsialidases were measured in fetal axonal growth cone particles and in various brain regions duringbrain development. The developmental profile showed an important activity in the prenatal andperinatal periods as well as in specific differentiating structures like the axonal growth cones fromthe fetal brain. Interestingly membrane‐bound activity was higher than the cytosolic activity,starting from 50–60% at birth and increasing thereafter. Cytosolic activity was almost at adultlevels at birth and did not show a further significant increase thereafter. Our results stronglysuggest the commitment of membrane‐bound sialidase activity in early neurodifferentiatingphenomena like axogenesis, probably regulating the turnover of glycoconjugates like gangliosidesat the presynaptic period, since high activity was observed in neuroblasts derived membranes andin the perinatal period.
Immunohistochemical modifications of vasoactiveneuropeptides and excitatory amino acids in the nervoustissue of the mongolian gerbil after transient cerebralischemia
Authors: Giuffrida Rosario , Malatino Lorenzo S. , Bellomo Maria , Sapienza Salvatore 
Published: July 2002

AbstractModifications in the tissue concentration of vasoactive peptides (Endothelin,Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) and excitatory amino acids(glutamate, aspartate) were found in the nervous tissue of Mongolian gerbils after transientcerebral ischemia which was induced by unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery for 30min–4 h. In fact, immunostaining for these peptides was more intense in the ischemic tissue : thegreatest increases of tissue immunoreactivity were observed for Endothelin ; smaller differenceswere found for Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide. Immunostainingfor Neuropeptide Y, another vasoactive neuropeptide, was virtually unchanged. Infarct areas,when present, contained numerous Endothelin‐immunoreactive cell bodies. On the contrary, thesame areas were completely void of glutamate‐ or aspartate‐immunostained neurons, normallypresent in the correspondent regions of the control tissue. The present results suggest that severecerebral ischemia is paralleled by an unbalance of local vasoactive factors. The predominance ofvasoconstrictor action of Endothelin might play a major role in the irreversible damage, togetherwith the excitotoxic effect of the extracellular accumulation of excitatory amino acids, probablydue to a leakage from neuronal cell somata, as suggested by the disappearance of glutamate‐ oraspartate‐immunostained neurons.
Horizontal cell differentiation in the retina of the Brazilian opossum, Monodelphis domestica
Authors: Lyser Katherine M. , Chernomorsky Rostislav , Michalopoulos Christos , Twersky Laura H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDifferentiation of many diverse neuronal phenotypes is an essential part of nervous system development. We have studied the differentiation of horizontal cells, one of the basic neuronal types in the vertebrate retina, in a small, easily maintained marsupial by immunocytochemistry using antineurofilament and antivimentin antibodies. At birth the retina consists of proliferating neural epithelial cells, with a few early ganglion cells. Horizontal cells were first detected in 12‐day‐old pups; somas were within the epithelial neuroblastic layer and processes extended radially. By 19 days there were tangentially oriented dendrites and a few longer processes, the beginning of the outer plexiform (first synaptic) layer. By the time of eye opening (about 34 days) the basic histological organization of the mature retina was established.In the mature retina and during development, horizontal cell neurites in the outer plexiform layer, as well as ganglion cell axons, reacted strongly with several antineurofilament antibodies and with antivimentin; horizontal cell somas were detected only with one antineurofilament antibody. Only one population was detected, which we identify as the short‐axon subtype, by comparison with horizontal cells in other marsupials and in eutherian mammals.This is the first description of the putative absence in a marsupial of one of the two horizontal cell subtypes found in most amniotes, including mammals so far studied, except murid rodents, which have only the short‐axon subtype. Absence of one subtype in Monodelphis supports the hypothesis that the short‐axon cell is the basic conserved phenotype of this class and suggests that experimental analysis of differentiation of horizontal cells in Monodelphis and murid rodents, compared to marsupials and eutherian mammals which have the basic two subtypes, can help elucidate mechanisms for controlling differentiation of specific cellular phenotypes and the variations in neurons within and among species.
“Every Little Furrow of Her Brow Makes Me Want To Stop”: An Interpretative Phenomenologic Analysis of Mothers' Experiences With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatments
Authors: Brandelli Yvonne N. , Tutelman Perri R. , Chambers Christine T. , Parker Jennifer A. , Stinson Jennifer N. , Huber Adam M. , Stirling Cameron Emma , Wilson Jennifer P. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveChildren with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are faced with a complex medical journey requiring consistent adherence to treatments to achieve disease management. Parents are intimately involved in JIA treatments; however, little is known about their experiences in this role. This is relevant as many treatments necessitate procedural pain (e.g., self‐injections) or side effects (e.g., nausea), which may impact a parents' ability to follow treatment plans. The objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences of parents who identified challenges with their child's JIA treatments.MethodsParents of children with JIA who identified challenges with their child's treatments were invited to take part in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsTen mothers of children with JIA (60% female with a mean age of 11.83 years [range 4–16 years]) participated. Four superordinate themes were present in mothers’ experiences: 1) treatments altered mothers’ roles within the family, increasing their caregiver burden and advocacy; 2) treatments positively and negatively impacted their relationships (e.g., increased support from others, decreased time with others); 3) treatments elicited various emotional responses (e.g., frustration, grief), which affected their well‐being; and 4) treatments were at times a source of internal conflict, affecting mothers’ actions and adherence.ConclusionMothers’ experiences with their child's JIA treatments affects them in various ways that can subsequently impact treatment adherence. Results highlight the value of supporting parents through these complex treatment regimens and incorporating their experiences in treatment decisions to help promote optimal outcomes for children with JIA and their families.
Closing wheel type and row unit downforce can affect corn germination in no‐tillage production systems
Authors: Drewry Jessica L. , Arriaga Francisco J. , Luck Brian D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdopting no‐till planting can have many soil health benefits and cost savings but may present challenges with respect to planter performance. Aftermarket attachments such as hydraulic row unit down force and closing wheels have been hypothesized to overcome the challenges of uneven planting depth and poor furrow closure due to residue within the field. In addition, starter fertilizer could improve early season growth in cooler soil conditions. This study evaluated the effect of closing wheel type, row unit down force, and starter fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.) emergence and yield across soil types and micro‐climates within Wisconsin. Aftermarket closing wheels were compared to a standard (rubber) factory provided one, within two down force settings (Low at 333 N and High at 667 N) and liquid starter fertilizer (0 and 47 L ha–1 of 7–21–7). The standard rubber closing wheel with high down force resulted in lower emergence compared to the low setting (p = .013). No effect of starter fertilizer was observed on either emergence or yield. Aftermarket wheels resulted in greater emergence regardless of down force setting, which might appear to be an advantage from an operator point of view, but greater corn emergence did not result in greater yield. These and other factors should be considered when selecting closing wheels for a particular set of seeding conditions.
Ficus asperifolia Miq‐enriched biscuit diet protects against L‐NAME induced hyperlipidemia and hypertension in rats
Authors: Ajeigbe Olufunke Florence , Oboh Ganiyu , Ademosun Ayokunle Olubode , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDietary sources of functional foods and nutraceutical have shown strong potentials in the management of hypertension and its complications. Sandpaper leaves, Ficus asperifolia Miq (FA), particularly found in Africa has a rich folkloric history in the management of diabetes and hypertension. This study produced biscuits supplemented with blends of FA at 2.5% and 5% fed to Nw (G)‐nitro‐l‐arginine‐methyl‐ester (L‐NAME, 40 mg/kg/day) induced‐hypertensive rats for 14 days followed by the assessment of blood pressure, lipid profile, and atherogenic index in hypertensive rats. The phenolic constituents of FA blends were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography diode‐anode (HPLC‐DAD). Thereafter, the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using the tail‐cuff method after which the heart and lungs of rats were collected, weighed, and the antioxidant status and lipid cholesterol profile were assessed. We realized that recorded phenolic constituents in extracts of FA was at a high level and FA enriched biscuit‐diet caused a significant decrease in SBP and MABP in L‐NAME‐induced hypertensive rats, body weight, atherogenic index and cholesterol profile in treated rats. However, FA enriched biscuit resulted in increased activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) antioxidant enzymes in the heart and lungs of hypertensive rats. This study revealed that FA enriched biscuit‐diet does not only have antihypertensive and antioxidant potential in L‐NAME‐induced hypertensive rats but also plays a protective role in the management of hyperlipidemia.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Low Molecular Weight Amphiphilic Polymer for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Chen Minggui , Deng Hong , Geng Xiangfei , Yang Guang , Xu Xiaohui , Zhang Zhiquan , Zhao Hui , Zhong Xun , Jia Na 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel, low molecular weight amphiphilic polymer (LAP) with high content of surface‐active functional groups was developed, and its effectiveness for emulsion‐based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in relatively low permeability reservoirs was evaluated. The LAP polymer can potentially be synthesized on an industrial scale through a free radical polymerization reaction between acrylamide (AM), methyl acrylate (MAA), and the unsaturated surfactant monomer 2‐(acylamido)‐dodecane sulfonic acid (C12AMPS). The interfacial tension between 1000 mg L−1 LAP water solution and Bohai crude oil at 50 °C was reduced to a low value of around 0.2 mN m−1. Core flooding tests were also conducted to study the EOR potential and migration properties of LAP in porous media. The resistance and residual resistant factors of 1500 mg L−1 LAP solution were measured to be 51.0 ± 0.1 and 16.5 ± 0.1, respectively, suggesting LAP's great potential to be used for reservoir profile control. In addition, oil recovered from a three‐layer heterogeneous core by LAP solution was found to be comparable to that recovered using alkaline‐surfactant‐polymer (ASP) flooding. It is also worth mentioning that to accommodate different reservoir conditions, the molecular weight of LAP is adjustable by modifying the concentration of chain transfer agent, surfactant monomer, or initiator.
Betaine hydrochloride addition in Bama mini‐pigʼs diets during gestation and lactation enhances immunity and alters intestine microbiota of suckling piglets
Authors: Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Gao Qiankun , Ma Cui , Wang Kai , Kong Xiangfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaternal nutrition during gestation and lactation is essential for offspringʼs health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of betaine hydrochloride addition to sow diets during gestation and lactation on suckling pigletʼs immunity and intestine microbiota composition. Forty Bama mini‐pigs were randomly allocated into two groups and fed a basal diet (control group) and a basal diet supplemented with 3.50 kg ton−1 betaine hydrochloride (betaine group) from day 3 after mating to day 21 of lactation. After 21 days of the delivery, 12 suckling piglets from each group with similar body weight were selected for sample collection.RESULTSThe results showed that maternal betaine hydrochloride addition decreased (P < 0.05) the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in suckling piglets. Furthermore, dietary betaine hydrochloride addition in sow diets increased (P < 0.05) the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum of suckling piglets. In the piglets' intestinal microbiota community, the relative abundances of Roseburia (P < 0.05) and Clostridium (P = 0.059) were lower in the betaine group compared to those in the control group. Moreover, betaine hydrochloride addition in sow diets decreased the colonic tyramine (P = 0.091) and skatole (P = 0.070) concentrations in suckling piglets.CONCLUSIONBetaine hydrochloride addition in sow diets enhanced the intestinal morphology, improved immunity, and altered intestinal microbiota of suckling piglets. These findings indicated that betaine hydrochloride addition in sow diets during gestation and lactation will impact suckling piglets' health. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Simple polymerization through oxygen at reduced volumes using oil and water
Authors: Burridge Kevin M. , De Alwis Watuthanthrige Nethmi , Payne Camryn , Page Richard C. , Konkolewicz Dominik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn enduring question is: what is the simplest and easiest way to obtain tailored polymers? This communication explores a robust photoiniferter polymerization with only two active ingredients that requires no prior deoxygenation and can be performed on the milliliter scale or sub‐milliliter scale. Rather than leaving headspace in the polymerization vessel or scaling reactions up to fill the vessel, this approach fills the headspace of the reaction vessel with mineral oil or inert solvents. This approach can also be applied to polar monomers in aqueous media, using oil as the inert solvent, or to hydrophobic monomers with water as the inert solvent. This method removes enough ambient oxygen that the photoiniferter reaction proceeds with no deoxygenation step, and achieves high conversion and good molecular weight control in 10–20 h in both aqueous and organic solvents. Complex polymer architectures such as multiblock copolymers and gradient polymers were successfully synthesized by this approach.
Investigating the exceptional adducts of alkoxides with Ru(II)–arene cations in alkyl alcohol solution using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Cao Xiaoji , Dong Danqi , He Dandan , Lin Xupin 
Published: June 2021

RationaleExploring the formation mechanism of the exceptional adducts of alkoxides with Ru(II)–arene cations in alkyl alcohol solution using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is crucial for further understanding the physicochemical properties of Ru(II)–arene complexes in solution.MethodsAll mass spectra were collected with an AB SCIEX TripleTOF 5600+ mass spectrometer in positive mode. Theoretical calculations were carried out using the density functional theory method at the B3LYP level with a hybrid basis set consisting of 6‐31G(d,p) and LanL2DZ in the Gaussian 03 program.ResultsWhen ruthenated [15]paracyclophanes (Ru‐[15]PCPs) and Ru(II)–arene dimers were dissolved in alkyl alcohol solvents, the adducts of alkoxides with Ru(II)–arene cations were observed under positive ion mode ESI‐MS, which resulted from the coordination of alkyl alcohol molecules with the Ru(II)–arene cations followed by the deprotonation of O‐H bonds of the coordinated alcohols. Furthermore, the number of alkoxides binding to Ru‐[15]PCPs was regulated by the number of ruthenium atoms. Attributed to good solubility and small steric hindrance, the signal intensity of the adducts of methoxides with Ru(II)–arene cations was the strongest among the three alkyl alcohols used in this study.ConclusionsThe characteristic adducts of alkoxides with Ru(II)–arene cations were pervasively present in positive ion mode ESI‐MS of nine Ru(II)–arene complexes dissolved in alkyl alcohol solvents. Taking into consideration the solubility and signal response, methanol is the most suitable solvent for the ESI‐MS experiments with Ru(II)–arene complexes among the solvents studied, where almost only the diagnostic adducts of methoxides with Ru(II)–arene cations are present.
DTPA‐extractable zinc threshold for wheat grain yield response to zinc fertilization in Mollisols
Authors: Martínez Cuesta Nicolás , Carciochi Walter , Salvagiotti Fernando , Sainz Rozas Hernán , Wyngaard Nicolás , López de Sabando Marcelo , Barbieri Pablo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDetermining soil Zn thresholds for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is still challenging because soil Zn tests have been poorly calibrated. Therefore, this work aimed to determine, under field conditions, the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–Zn critical threshold for wheat grain yield (GY) response to Zn fertilization in noncalcareous Mollisols. We conducted 14 Zn‐fertilization field trials in Typic Argiudolls from the Argentinean Pampas. Zinc fertilization increased GY in 6 out of 14 trials. Wheat GY response to Zn fertilization ranged from 300 to 949 kg ha–1. Our DTPA–Zn threshold is the first one determined by field trials for wheat grown in Mollisols (1.03 mg kg−1, with a 95% confidence interval from 0.87 to 1.23 mg kg−1). This threshold was greater than those previously reported for other soil types. Future studies should compare different Zn‐fertilization strategies for wheat on Mollisols by combining different fertilizer rates, sources, timings, and placements.
Visna in a UK flock and the biosecurity risk arising from the onward sale of likely infected pedigree stock
Authors: Evans Mike , Caldow George , Del‐Pozo Jorge , Kelly Rob , Scholes Sandra , Sargison Neil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSmall ruminant lentivirus infections in sheep most commonly present with respiratory signs (maedi) and indurative mastitis, while primary neurological signs (visna) have rarely been reported in Great Britain (GB). Most reports of visna describe signs referable to myelitis, although central signs associated with encephalitis may feature. In this case, visna was diagnosed in a 4‐year‐old ewe in a small pedigree sheep flock, recently imported to GB from northern Europe. Initial clinical findings were of a head tilt, circling, facial tremors and a unilaterally reduced menace response. These neurological signs progressed to include hyperaesthesia, ipsilateral hemiparesis and recumbency. Flock level infection had recently been diagnosed by serology, and the diagnosis in this individual case was confirmed by serology and histopathology. The subsequent sale of animals from the flock through a large national auction and at private sales raises significant ethical questions and serves as a reminder of the importance of biosecurity precautions.
Superrigidity of maximal measurable cocycles of complex hyperbolic lattices
Authors: Sarti F. , Savini A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet$$\Gamma $$Γbe a torsion-free lattice of$$PU (p,1)$$PU(p,1)with$$p \ge 2$$p≥2and let$$(X,\mu _X)$$(X,μX)be an ergodic standard Borel probability$$\Gamma $$Γ-space. We prove that any maximal Zariski dense measurable cocycle$$\sigma : \Gamma \times X \longrightarrow SU (m,n)$$σ:Γ×X⟶SU(m,n)is cohomologous to a cocycle associated to a representation of$$PU (p,1)$$PU(p,1)into$$SU (m,n)$$SU(m,n), with$$1 \le m \le n$$1≤m≤n. The proof follows the line of Zimmer’ Superrigidity Theorem and requires the existence of a boundary map, that we prove in a much more general setting. As a consequence of our result, there cannot exist maximal measurable cocycles with the above properties when$$1< m < n$$1<m<n.