bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria-containing Extracellular Vesicles (EV) Reduce Mouse Brain Infarct Sizes and EV/HSP27 Protect Ischemic Brain Endothelial Cultures
Authors: Dave Kandarp M. , Stolz Donna B. , Venna Venugopal R. , Quaicoe Victoria A. , Maniskas Michael E. , Reynolds Michael John , Babidhan Riyan , Dobbins Duncan X. , Farinelli Maura N. , Sullivan Abigail , Bhatia Tarun N. , Yankello Hannah , Reddy Rohan , Bae Younsoo , Leak Rehana K. , Shiva Sruti S. , McCullough Louise D. , Manickam Devika S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIschemic stroke causes brain endothelial cell (BEC) death and damages tight junction integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We harnessed the innate mitochondrial load of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and utilized mixtures of EV/exogenous heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) as a one-two punch strategy to increase BEC survival (via EV mitochondria) and preserve their tight junction integrity (via HSP27 effects). We demonstrated that the medium-to-large (m/lEV) but not small EVs (sEV) transferred their mitochondrial load, which subsequently colocalized with the mitochondrial network of the recipient primary human BECs. BECs treated with m/lEVs increased relative ATP levels and displayed superior mitochondrial function. Importantly, m/lEVs isolated from oligomycin (mitochondrial complex V inhibitor) or rotenone (mitochondrial complex I inhibitor)-exposed BECs (RTN-m/lEVs or OGM-m/lEVs) did not increase BECs ATP levels compared to naïve m/lEVs. In contrast, RTN-sEV and OGM-sEV functionality in increasing cellular ATP levels was minimally impacted in comparison to naïve sEVs. Intravenously administered m/lEVs showed a reduction in brain infarct sizes compared to vehicle-injected mice in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. We formulated binary mixtures of human recombinant HSP27 protein with EVs: EV/HSP27 and ternary mixtures of HSP27 and EV with cationic polymer poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (diethyltriamine): (PEG-DET/HSP27)/EV. (PEG-DET/HSP27)/EV and EV/HSP27 mixtures decreased the paracellular permeability of small and large molecular mass fluorescent tracers in oxygen glucose-deprived primary human BECs. This one-two-punch approach to increase BEC metabolic function and tight junction integrity is a promising strategy for BBB protection and prevention of long-term neurological dysfunction post-ischemic stroke.Graphical AbstractHighlightsMedium-to-large extracellular vesicles (m/lEVs), not small EVs contain mitochondriam/lEVs increased ATP and mitochondrial function in brain endothelial cells (BECs)m/lEVs from oligomycin-exposed BECs did not increase recipient BEC ATP levelsIntravenously injected m/lEVs reduced brain infarct sizes in a mouse stroke modelEV/HSP27 mixtures reduced small and large dextran molecule permeability across BECs
Electronic Mapping of a Bacterial Genome with Dual Solid-State Nanopores and Active Single-Molecule Control
Authors: Rand Arthur , Zimny Philip , Nagel Roland , Telang Chaitra , Mollison Justin , Bruns Aaron , Leff Emily , Reisner Walter , Dunbar William B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present the first electronic mapping of a bacterial genome using solid-state nanopore technology. A dual-nanopore architecture and active control logic are used to produce single-molecule data that enables estimation of distances between physical tags installed at sequence motifs within double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Previously developed dual-pore “DNA flossing” control generates multiple scans of tagged regions of each captured DNA. The control logic was extended here in two ways: first, to automate “zooming out” on each molecule to progressively increase the number of tags scanned during DNA flossing; and second, to automate recapture of a molecule that exited flossing to enable interrogation of the same and/or different regions of the molecule. New analysis methods were developed to produce consensus alignments from each multi-scan event. The combined multi-scanning and multi-capture method was applied to the challenge of mapping from a heterogeneous mixture of single-molecule fragments that make up the Escherichia coli (E. coli) chromosome. Coverage of 3.1× across 2,355 resolvable sites (68% of reference sites) of the E. coli genome was achieved after 5.6 hours of recording time. The recapture method showed a 38% increase in the merged-event alignment length compared to single-scan alignments. The observed inter-tag resolution was 150 bp in engineered DNA molecules and 166 bp natively within fragments of E. coli DNA, with detection of 133 inter-site intervals shorter than 200 bp in the E. coli reference map. Proof of concept results on estimating distances in repetitive regions of the E. coli genome are also provided. With an appropriately designed array and future refinements to the control logic, higher throughput implementations can enable human-sized genome and epigenome mapping applications.
Tracking neural activity from the same cells during the entire adult life of mice
Authors: Zhao Siyuan , Tang Xin , Partarrieu Sebastian , Guo Shiqi , Liu Ren , Lee Jaeyong , Lin Zuwan , Liu Jia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecording the activity of the same neurons over the adult life of an animal is important to neuroscience research and biomedical applications. Current implantable devices cannot provide stable recording on this time scale. Here, we introduce a method to precisely implant nanoelectronics with an open, unfolded mesh structure across multiple brain regions in the mouse. The open mesh structure forms a stable interwoven structure with the neural network, preventing probe drifting and showing no immune response and neuron loss during the yearlong implantation. Using the implanted nanoelectronics, we can track single-unit action potentials from the same neurons over the entire adult life of mice. Leveraging the stable recordings, we build machine learning algorithms that enable automated spike sorting, noise rejection, stability validation, and generate pseudotime analysis, revealing aging-associated evolution of the single-neuron activities.
Predictors of COVID testing among Australian youth: Insights from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Islam Md Irteja , Chadwick Verity , Martiniuk Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundTesting has played a crucial role in reducing the spread of COVID. Although COVID symptoms tend to be less severe in children and adolescents, a key concern is young people’s role in the transmission of the virus given their highly social lifestyles. In this study, we aimed to identify the predictors associated with COVID testing in Australian youth using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).MethodsWe used the latest wave 9C1 of the LSAC, where data were collected from 16–21-year-old Australians via an online survey between October and December 2021. In total, 2291 Australian youths responded to the questions about COVID testing and COVID symptom severity. Data was stratified by living with/without parents, and bivariate and logistic regression analyses examined predictor variables (age, sex, country of birth, remoteness, education level, employment, relationship status, number of household members, living with parents, receiving the COVID financial supplement from government and index of relative socio-economic advantage and disadvantage) and their distributions over the outcome variable COVID testing.ResultsYouths aged 16-17 were more likely to live at home than youths aged 20-21 years. The strongest predictor of COVID testing was living in major cities (regardless of living with or without parents). Changed household composition was significantly associated with COVID testing among the youths living in the parental home. While among the respondents living without their parents, living with multiple household members and low or no cohesion among household members was associated with higher rates of COVID testing.ConclusionOur study revealed young people have been very good at getting tested for COVID. To further incentivise testing in this age group, we should consider providing this age group with continued financial and social support while awaiting the outcome of the test and during any isolation.Strengths and limitations of this studyLarge national cohort of young people strengthened the findings of the study and allowing us to examine the factors associated with COVID testing for the first time in Australia.A broad-based assessment of potential predictors of COVID testing, including sociodemographic and coronavirus specific factor.Cross-sectional observational design limits causal inference.Self-reported information about COVID testing can be subject to recall as well as social desirability bias.
Self-medication with antibiotics- a survey among traders in the central business district of Accra, Ghana
Authors: Ofori S. K. , Akowuah E.A. , Amankwa C.E. , Babatunde D. , Baiden F. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe misuse of antibiotics is a global problem, and the form of misuse varies among different countries and cultures. The study explored antibiotic self-medication practices among traders in Accra, Ghana.MethodsA paper-based questionnaire survey was conducted among traders found in a convenient sample of shops in the Central Business District (CBD) between November 2016 and January 2017. The data was analyzed with Stata version 14.0. Antibiotic self-medication was defined as the use of antibiotics without the prescription of a recognized practitioner within 12 months of the survey. Descriptive analysis and analytical statistics using multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the factors associated with antibiotic self-medication.ResultsFour hundred and seventeen (417) traders (60.0% females) with a mean age of 36 (+10.6) years were surveyed. The prevalence of antibiotic self-medication was 66.7%. Penicillins were the most misused. Upper respiratory infections and gastrointestinal tract infections were the leading reasons for antibiotic self-medication. The most common sources of information on self-medicated antibiotics were community pharmacies (55.2%), doctors (17.8%), and package inserts (17.2%). People with tertiary education were less likely to use antibiotics for self-medication compared to those with no education (OR=0.39 (95% C.I; 0.16-0.98). Persons who sold food items (aOR = 3.56, 95% CI; 1.70-7.45), cosmetics (aOR = 2.61, 95% CI; 1.34-5.09), and clothing (aOR= 3.39, 95% CI; 1.88-6.12) were more likely to use antibiotics for self medication compared to those who sold other items.ConclusionSelf-medication with antibiotics was high among traders in the CBD of Accra, Ghana. Traders need to be educated on the proper home management of URTIs. Measures are required to restrict their access to antibiotics for self-medication.
Topology optimization of magnetic cores for WPT using the geometry projection method
Authors: Otomo Yoshitsugu , Igarashi Hajime 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to search for an optimal core shape that is robust against misalignment between the transmitting and receiving coils of the wireless power transfer (WPT) device. During the optimization process, the authors maximize the coupling coefficients while minimizing the leakage flux around the coils to ensure the safety of the WPT device.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a novel topology optimization method for WPT devices using the geometry projection method is proposed to optimize the magnetic core shape. This method facilitates the generation of bar-shaped magnetic cores because the material distribution is represented by a set of elementary bars.

Findings
It is shown that an optimized core shape, which is obtained through topology optimization, effectively increases the net magnetic flux interlinked with the receiving coil and outperforms the conventional core.

Originality/value
In the previous topology optimization method, the material distribution is represented by a linear combination of Gaussian functions. However, this method does not usually result in bar-shaped cores, which are widely used in WPT. In this study, the authors propose a novel topology optimization method for WPT devices using geometry projection that is used in structural optimization, such as beam and cantilever shapes.
Second chance schools: background, training and current instructional practices of teachers
Authors: Espinoza Óscar , Gonzalez Luis , McGinn Noel 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe objective of the present study was to assess which teachers hired to teach secondary school dropouts are most likely to adapt their practices to match their students' characteristics. Chile recently initiated a system “second chance” schools for dropouts. Most of the teaching staff were recruited from the secondary schools from which the students had withdrawn. There was little variation in instructional practices or schedules. The second chance schools provide intensive instruction, small classes and flexibility in schedules and sequence of courses. The study sought to identify the teachers most likely to adapt old practices or learn new ones in order to provide students a different educational experience than that offered in conventional secondary schools.Design/methodology/approachThe sampling design for this study was developed by the Statistics Department of the Ministry of Education. Taking enrollment into account, they randomly selected second chance schools from 13 of Chile's 16 regions. Then, they randomly selected 617 teachers from 38 of the selected schools. The teachers were invited to respond to a self-administered survey questionnaire that covered beliefs about and attitudes toward dropouts, and frequency of use of different teaching methods. The analytical procedures used include nonparametric correlations and logit regression.FindingsTeaching methods in the second chance schools are influenced mostly by type of in-service training and not by student characteristics. Most teachers expect most students to graduate; teachers with more years of teaching are the least optimistic.Originality/valueRelatively little research on second chance schools has been published in Latin America. The Second Opportunity Schools are the first effort in Chile to provide public secondary school to dropouts. The study provides detailed information about background and training linked to current teachers' instructional practices. The findings suggest actions that can be taken to improve the new schools.
Career path changer: the case of public and private sector entrepreneurial employee intentions
Authors: Dragan George Bogdan , Schin George Cristian , Sava Valentin , Panait Andrei Alexandru 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis paper seeks to identify the organisational context and the combinations of antecedent conditions needed to change employee behaviour in public and private sectors towards being an entrepreneurial employee/“intrapreneur”.Design/methodology/approachThe framework adopted assumed that for employees from both public and private sectors a range of factors contributes to a configurational effect. These factors—that can shift their behaviour towards being or becoming an intrapreneur—are the novelty of entrepreneurship, opportunities for permanent learning, the possibility of creating value for others and personal motivation.FindingsFour possible combinations of antecedent conditions that could lead to the expected outcome (being or becoming an entrepreneurial employee/intrapreneur) are consistent with the proposed model. Using a quantitative approach was appropriate for examining contrasting entrepreneurial intentions, specifically in identifying the profiles of the employees who might bring the company to the next level: information that could be useful to all managers.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the exploratory nature of the research, with descriptive statistics, the correlations focused solely on the respondents' demographical characteristics. Further comparative analysis should be conducted, therefore, between public and private sectors and with larger numbers of respondents.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, the proposed study is novel as the first empirical integrative study using the fsQCA methodology to address the intrapreneurial phenomenon of employees from public and private organisations.
Luxury during trade tensions. The influence of economic animosity, cosmopolitanism and patriotism on intention to buy foreign luxury products
Authors: Mainolfi Giada 
Published: November 2021

PurposeUsing trade tensions as a background scenario, the study aims to investigate the dynamics of coexistence between cosmopolitan trends and the patriotic moods of luxury consumers, and how these feelings interact with both economic animosity and intention to buy luxury products originated in the hostile country.Design/methodology/approachThe analytical framework was tested through an empirical survey carried out on Russian and Chinese consumers. In total, 766 questionnaires were collected and were analysed using structural equation modelling method.FindingsResults confirm that patriotic sentiments and economic-based feelings are negatively associated with intentions to buy luxury products that originated in the hostile area. Furthermore, results show that cosmopolitanism positively influences intention to buy. However, the positive effect of patriotism on economic animosity combined with its indirect effect on the intention to buy may reduce the strength of luxury products.Practical implicationsThe study has practical implications since it identifies strategic suggestions for luxury companies' managers. More specifically, they have to be aware of the patriotic trends affecting Russian and Chinese consumers and should actively seek to leverage local partners' knowledge in order to better connect with customers' expectations.Originality/valueThe study contributes to a better understanding of the influence exerted by cosmopolitan orientation and patriotic feelings on luxury goods purchase intentions. The study also examines cosmopolitanism and patriotism as antecedents of animosity, which have not been extensively researched in the past with respect to the luxury sector.
Labor supply responses to income tax free and bracket expansions
Authors: Lyssiotou Panayiota , Savva Elena 
Published: November 2021

PurposeAn important concern of economic policy analysis is how income taxes affect labor supply since this is crucial in assessing the efficiency costs of taxation and designing labor income taxation. The focus in the literature has been mostly to study the responses of high earners and women. The authors contribute to this literature by focusing more on how middle earners respond to financial incentives and whether the responses are different between men and women.Design/methodology/approachThe authors exploit substantial expansions in the level of individual income exempt from taxation and taxed at a lower marginal tax rate while the schedule of marginal tax rates remained the same. The authors adopt an empirical framework that is similar to Bosch and van der Klaauw (2012) and condition on the effects of other factors, such as inflows of foreign workers that may have affected the wages, participation and working hours of native males and females. The authors also conduct various sensitivity analyses to examine the robustness of the estimates.FindingsThe authors find robust evidence that the tax reforms increased the wages of medium and high educated married males and females significantly. They also had a positive impact on work participation that was more substantial for married women, especially the medium educated. The authors estimate significant positive own wage labor supply elasticities that are small and about the same for men and women when the authors condition on the labor outcome effects of inflows of EU and non-EU foreign workers, which changed the skill distribution of the economy and had a more significant impact on female labor outcomes. Smaller wage labor supply elasticities indicate lower disincentive effects and deadweight losses from the imposition of taxes and have implications on the design of optimal taxation of men and women.Originality/valuePrevious investigations of the labor supply responses of both men and women to a given policy change have been identified mostly by exploiting changes in joint income taxation and marginal tax rates. The authors exploit substantial expansions in the level of individual income exempt from taxation and taxed at a lower marginal tax rate while the schedule of marginal tax rates remained the same. The income effects of these reforms could be limited since the reduced marginal tax rates apply to only part of the income.
An empirical analysis of capital assets condition ratio in local governments: the case of Florida counties
Authors: Wang Xiaoheng , Chen Can 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to examine the political, economic and institutional determinants of capital assets condition ratio in American local governments using government-wide financial statements.Design/methodology/approachBased on capital assets data from the period of 2011–2016 for the 66 Florida counties as reported on their government-wide financial statements, the authors use a panel two-way fixed effects estimation and a dynamic panel generalized method of moments estimation.FindingsThe authors find that social-economic factors, fiscal capacity and democratic voters explain the capital assets condition ratio in Florida county governments.Research limitations/implicationsThe major findings of this study may only apply to county government in one single state. It may raise the issue of the external validity of our research. It provides policy recommendations for local public officials to maintain and upgrade their capital assets.Originality/valueThe study utilizes a new approach of capital assets condition ratio to measure county government investment in capital assets based on the government-wide financial statements.
Predicting the effect of build orientation and process temperatures on the performance of parts made by fused filament fabrication
Authors: Duarte Fernando Moura , Covas José António , da Costa Sidonie Fernandes 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The performance of the parts obtained by fused filament fabrication (FFF) is strongly dependent on the extent of bonding between adjacent filaments developing during the deposition stage. Bonding depends on the properties of the polymer material and is controlled by the temperature of the filaments when they come into contact, as well as by the time required for molecular diffusion. In turn, the temperature of the filaments is influenced by the set of operating conditions being used for printing. This paper aims at predicting the degree of bonding of realistic 3D printed parts, taking into consideration the various contacts arising during its fabrication, and the printing conditions selected.

Design/methodology/approach
A computational thermal model of filament cooling and bonding that was previously developed by the authors is extended here, to be able to predict the influence of the build orientation of 3D printed parts on bonding. The quality of a part taken as a case study is then assessed in terms of the degree of bonding, i.e. the percentage of volume exhibiting satisfactory bonding between contiguous filaments.

Findings
The complexity of the heat transfer arising from the changes in the thermal boundary conditions during deposition and cooling is well demonstrated for a case study involving a realistic 3D part. Both extrusion and build chamber temperature are major process parameters.

Originality/value
The results obtained can be used as practical guidance towards defining printing strategies for 3D printing using FFF. Also, the model developed could be directly applied for the selection of adequate printing conditions.