bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does contrast-enhanced mammography have an impact on the detection of cancer in patients with risk of developing breast cancer?
Authors: Hashem Lamiaa Mohamed Bassam , Abd El Hamid Nancy Osama , Kamal Rasha Mohamed , Mansour Sahar Mahmoud , Lasheen Shaimaa , Tohamey Yasmin Mounir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) has been discovered to be more sensitive and specific than two-dimensional full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in both screening and diagnostic settings. The aim of the study was to assess the additive role of CEM in the detection and characterization of breast lesions in women with increased risk of developing breast cancer. This prospective study included 283 female patients with increased risk of developing breast cancer (i.e., positive family history of breast cancer, personal history of breast cancer, and heterogeneously dense mammary parenchyma) coming for either screening (n = 127/283 (49.1%)) or diagnostic (n = 156/283 (55.1%)) purpose. All patients had FFDM and CEM done, and the findings were evaluated independently; final Breast Imaging Reporting And Data System (BIRADS) classification was given for each modality. Results were then compared with histopathology or ultrasound findings with routine follow-up for normal and typically benign findings.

Results
In this study, 283 women with mean age of 48 were enrolled. Among the studied cases regardless to a specific risk factor, 15/283 (5.3%) were diagnosed as normal, 13/283 (4.6%) as inflammatory lesions, 72/283(25.4%) as benign lesions, 6/283 (2.1%) as benign precancerous lesions, and 177/283 (62.5%) as malignant. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the CEM were 92.7 and 71.43 %, respectively, while FFDM were 80.90 and 59.05%, respectively.

Conclusion
Contrast-enhanced mammography is a valuable screening and diagnostic imaging modality in patients with increased risk of developing breast cancer with diagnostic indices higher than mammography resulting in a significantly higher cancer detection rate.
Insights on recent approaches in drug discovery strategies and untapped drug targets against drug resistance
Authors: Peraman Ramalingam , Sure Sathish Kumar , Dusthackeer V. N. Azger , Chilamakuru Naresh Babu , Yiragamreddy Padmanabha Reddy , Pokuri Chiranjeevi , Kutagulla Vinay Kumar , Chinni Santhivardhan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite the various strategies undertaken in the clinical practice, the mortality rate due to antibiotic-resistant microbes has been markedly increasing worldwide. In addition to multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes, the “ESKAPE” bacteria are also emerging. Of course, the infection caused by ESKAPE cannot be treated even with lethal doses of antibiotics. Now, the drug resistance is also more prevalent in antiviral, anticancer, antimalarial and antifungal chemotherapies.

Main body
To date, in the literature, the quantum of research reported on the discovery strategies for new antibiotics is remarkable but the milestone is still far away. Considering the need of the updated strategies and drug discovery approaches in the area of drug resistance among researchers, in this communication, we consolidated the insights pertaining to new drug development against drug-resistant microbes. It includes drug discovery void, gene paradox, transposon mutagenesis, vitamin biosynthesis inhibition, use of non-conventional media, host model, target through quorum sensing, genomic-chemical network, synthetic viability to targets, chemical versus biological space, combinational approach, photosensitization, antimicrobial peptides and transcriptome profiling. Furthermore, we optimally briefed about antievolution drugs, nanotheranostics and antimicrobial adjuvants and then followed by twelve selected new feasible drug targets for new drug design against drug resistance. Finally, we have also tabulated the chemical structures of potent molecules against antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusion
It is highly recommended to execute the anti-drug resistance research as integrated approach where both molecular and genetic research needs to be as integrative objective of drug discovery. This is time to accelerate new drug discovery research with advanced genetic approaches instead of conventional blind screening.
Terahertz radiation generation from short-pulse laser interaction with electron-hole plasmas
Authors: Gurjar M. C. , Gopal K. , Gupta D. N. , Kulagin V. V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In semiconductors, electrons and their corresponding holes exist as free carriers that are created in pairs in inter-band transitions. At very high carrier densities, the carrier-carrier collisions dominate over carrier-lattice collisions and these carriers begin to behave collectively to form a plasma. In this study, we present phase-matched terahertz (THz) radiation generation from laser interaction with electron-hole plasmas. Two collinear laser pulses of finite spot size propagate in an electron-hole plasma to generate THz radiation. The lasers beat and exert a ponderomotive force on electrons and holes. The carriers oscillate with oscillatory velocity at the laser beat frequency. The laser beat wave interacts with the plasma density perturbation and produces a nonlinear transverse current with nonzero curl. This nonlinear current drives coherent THz radiation. Spacial density modulation of hole density is considered to satisfy the phase-matching condition for resonant interaction. The systematic analysis of this mechanism shows an efficient and tunable source of THz radiation, which varies with various parameters such as the density modulation, laser intensity and other laser parameters.
A Clinical Review of Slipping Rib Syndrome
Authors: Foley Davelaar Cassidy M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Slipping rib syndrome is pain created at the lower, anterior border of the rib cage when performing upper-extremity activities, coughing, laughing, or leaning over. Defects in the costal cartilage of ribs 8 to 10 result in increased movement of the ribs, impinging soft tissue and intercostal nerves. Advancements have been made in the diagnosis of slipping rib syndrome by dynamic ultrasound. Ultrasound can identify abnormalities in the rib and cartilage anatomy, as well as soft tissue swelling. Although the mainstays of treatment continue to be reassurance, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, intercostal nerve injections, osteopathic manipulative treatment, surgery for refractory pain, and botulinum toxin injections have been attempted, and there may be a role for prolotherapy in treatment. Surgical techniques are being examined secondary to recurrence of pain following resection. The hooking maneuver and surgery remain important for identification and treatment, respectively.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Exertional Rhabdomyolysis: A Military Medicine Perspective
Authors: Nye Nathaniel S. , Kasper Korey , Madsen Clifford Marc , Szczepanik Michelle , Covey Carlton J. , Oh Robert , Kane Shawn , Beutler Anthony I. , Leggit Jeffrey C. , Deuster Patricia A. , O'Connor Francis G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is an uncommon condition with a paucity of evidence-based guidance for diagnosis, management, and return to duty or play. Recently, a clinical practice guideline for diagnosis and management of ER in warfighters was updated by a team of military and civilian physicians and researchers using current scientific literature and decades of experience within the military population. The revision concentrated on challenging and controversial clinical questions with applicability to providers in the military and those in the greater sports medicine community. Specific topics addressed: 1) diagnostic criteria for ER; 2) clinical decision making for outpatient versus inpatient treatment; 3) optimal strategies for inpatient management; 4) discharge criteria; 5) identification and assessment of warfighters/athletes at risk for recurrent ER; 6) an appropriate rehabilitative plan; and finally, 7) key clinical questions warranting future research.
Optical incoherent synthetic aperture imaging by superposition of phase-shifted optical transfer functions
Authors: Rai Mani Ratnam , Rosen Joseph 
Published: March 2021

The concept of an optical incoherent synthetic aperture is widely used in astronomical interferometric telescopes. In this Letter, we propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, method to realize optical incoherent synthetic aperture imaging. The method is based on a superposition of optical transfer functions of incoherent imaging systems. Only two small sub-apertures, out of a much larger full synthetic aperture, are open at any given time, and they transfer light from the observed object to the image sensor. During the imaging process, the two sub-apertures move over the full synthetic aperture, where the gap between them starts from zero and grows with time. For every position of the pair of sub-apertures, two images are captured. In one of the images, the sub-apertures have the same phase value, and in the other image, one of the sub-apertures is phase shifted by

π

radian relative to the other one. The final image with the image resolution of the synthetic aperture is obtained as a superposition of the entire recorded images. Optical experiments are performed on reflective objects, and results of the synthetic aperture-based method demonstrate an imaging performance similar to that of direct imaging by a system with a single aperture of the size of the synthetic aperture.
Patient factors and outcomes associated with discordance between quantitative and qualitative cardiac PET ischemia information
Authors: Zigray Haley , Elman Shana , Cheng Richard K. , Li Song , Lee James , Soine Laurie , Caldwell James , Alessio Adam M. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cardiac PET can provide quantitative myocardial blood flow (MBF) estimates. The frequency and clinical significance of discordant ischemia information between quantitative and qualitative parameters is unclear.

Methods
This retrospective, cohort study analyzed 256 Rb-82 stress-rest PET/CT studies. Global MBF and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) were estimated in absolute units for quantitative results and sum-stress and difference scores were used for qualitative results. Four groups of patients were evaluated based on a specific definition of concordant and discordant quantitative and qualitative results.

Results
31% of cases demonstrated discordance. Factors associated with microvascular disease were more common in the groups with abnormal quantitative results, regardless of the qualitative findings. Patients with concordant abnormal results had a significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, percutaneous intervention, and all-cause-mortality at 1 year compared to patients with concordant normal results. In patients with discordant results of abnormal quantitative and normal qualitative findings, there was a higher prevalence of heart failure than in controls (12.5% vs 0%, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Discordance in qualitative and quantitative ischemia measures from PET is common, and further study is needed to clarify its prognostic implications. Moreover, quantitative estimation of MBF and MFR appears to add value to qualitative visual interpretation by supporting qualitative findings when results are concordant. Abnormal quantitative findings, regardless of concordance or discordance with qualitative findings, occurred in patients with risk factors associated with diffuse disease and with increased risk of heart failure admission.
It helps to talk: A guiding framework (TRUST) for peer support in delivering mental health care for adolescents living with HIV
Authors: Wogrin Carol , Willis Nicola , Mutsinze Abigail , Chinoda Silindweyinkosi , Verhey Ruth , Chibanda Dixon , Bernays Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Adolescents living with HIV have poor treatment outcomes, including lower rates of viral suppression, than other age groups. Emerging evidence suggests a connection between improved mental health and increased adherence. Strengthening the focus on mental health could support increased rates of viral suppression. In sub-Saharan Africa clinical services for mental health care are extremely limited. Additional mechanisms are required to address the unmet mental health needs of this group. We consider the role that community-based peer supporters, a cadre operating at scale with adolescents, could play in the provision of lay-support for mental health.

Methods
We conducted qualitative research to explore the experiences of peer supporters involved in delivering a peer-led mental health intervention in Zimbabwe as part of a randomized control trial (Zvandiri-Friendship Bench trial). We conducted 2 focus group discussions towards the end of the trial with 20 peer supporters (aged 18–24) from across 10 intervention districts and audio recorded 200 of the peer supporters’ monthly case reviews. These data were thematically analysed to explore how peer supporters reflect on what was required of them given the problems that clients raised and what they themselves needed in delivering mental health support.

Results
A primary strength of the peer support model, reflected across the datasets, is that it enables adolescents to openly discuss their problems with peer supporters, confident that there is reciprocal trust and understanding derived from the similarity in their lived experiences with HIV. There are potential risks for peer supporters, including being overwhelmed by engaging with and feeling responsible for resolving relationally and structurally complex problems, which warrant considerable supervision. To support this cadre critical elements are needed: a clearly defined scope for the manageable provision of mental health support; a strong triage and referral system for complex cases; mechanisms to support the inclusion of caregivers; and sustained investment in training and ongoing supervision.

Conclusion
Extending peer support to explicitly include a focus on mental health has enormous potential. From this empirical study we have developed a framework of core considerations and principles (the TRUST Framework) to guide the implementation of adequate supportive infrastructure in place to enhance the opportunities and mitigate risks.
Chylous Ascites as a Presentation of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: McLain Julian H. , Khadarian Kevork , Shojaie Layla , Lubman Richard , Chang Ching-Fei , Lindgren Brett , Shao Ling 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
A 35-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a 4-week history of large-volume chylous ascites refractory to paracentesis and new-onset dyspnea. Thoracic computed tomography revealed diffuse pulmonary cystic lesions with pleural effusions, and abdominal computed tomography showed ascites with large bilateral retroperitoneal masses displaying positron emission tomography avidity. Biopsy of the masses demonstrated lymphatic invasion by a perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, a smooth muscle tumor. The patient was diagnosed as having the sporadic form of lymphangioleiomyomatosis and was treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway inhibitor sirolumus with clinical improvement.
Generalized Bernoulli process with long-range dependence and fractional binomial distribution
Authors: Lee Jeonghwa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bernoulli process is a finite or infinite sequence of independent binary variables, X

i
, i = 1, 2, · · ·, whose outcome is either 1 or 0 with probability P(X

i
= 1) = p, P(X

i
= 0) = 1 – p, for a fixed constant p ∈ (0, 1). We will relax the independence condition of Bernoulli variables, and develop a generalized Bernoulli process that is stationary and has auto-covariance function that obeys power law with exponent 2H – 2, H ∈ (0, 1). Generalized Bernoulli process encompasses various forms of binary sequence from an independent binary sequence to a binary sequence that has long-range dependence. Fractional binomial random variable is defined as the sum of n consecutive variables in a generalized Bernoulli process, of particular interest is when its variance is proportional to n
2

H
, if H ∈ (1/2, 1).
Predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients submitted to cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian carcinomatosis: a multicenter study
Authors: Macrì Antonio , Accarpio Fabio , Arcoraci Vincenzo , Casella Francesco , De Cian Franco , De Iaco Pierandrea , Orsenigo Elena , Roviello Franco , Scambia Giovanni , Saladino Edoardo , Galati Marica 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the incidence of morbidity and mortality related to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and to evaluate their predictors, in patients with peritoneal metastasis of ovarian origin.

Methods
A retrospective multicenter study was carried out investigating results from eight Italian institutions. A total of 276 patients met inclusion criteria. Predictors of morbidity and mortality were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
Overall morbidity was 71.4%, and severe complications occurred in 23.9% of the sample; 60-day mortality was 4.3%. According to univariate logistic regression models, grade 3–4 morbidity was related to Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02–1.09; p<0.001), number of intraoperative blood transfusions (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.10–1.34; p<0.001), Completeness of Cytoreduction (CC) score (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.16–2.44; p=0.006) and number of anastomoses (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.00–1.73; p=0.046). However, at the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the number of intraoperative blood transfusions (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.5–1.30; p=0.004) and PCI (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.08; p=0.010) resulted as key predictors of severe morbidity. Furthermore, using multivariate logistic regression model, ECOG score (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.21–4.93; p=0.012) and the number of severe complications (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.03–4.52; p=0.042) were recorded as predictors of exitus within 60 days.

Conclusions
The combination of CRS and HIPEC for treating peritoneal metastasis of ovarian origin has acceptable morbidity and mortality and, therefore, it can be considered as an option in selected patients.
Inhibition of lncRNA H19/miR-370-3p pathway mitigates neuronal apoptosis in an in vitro model of spinal cord injury (SCI)
Authors: Li Xin , Qian Yan , Tang Kaihua , Li Yang , Tao Rui , Gong Chunyan , Huang Li , Zou Kaiwen , Liu Lindong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most serious complication of spinal injury, often leading to severe dysfunction of the limbs below the injured segment. Conventional therapy approaches are becoming less and less effective, and gene therapy is a new research direction by now.

Methods
The Sprague-Dawley rats were haphazardly assigned to two groups, namely sham group and SCI model group, and lncRNA H19 and miR-370-3p levels were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Correlation between lncRNA H19 and miR-370-3p was ascertained by luciferase report assay and RT-qPCR. After transfection with si-H19, miR-370-3p inhibitor, negative controls (NC), or both, primary spinal neurons were subjected to the simulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for inducing in vitro model of SCI. Cell viability, apoptotic rate, caspase-3 activity, Bax and Bcl-2 protein, ROS generation, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein, as well as IκBα and p65 phosphorylation ratio were evaluated adopting 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, ROS generation, and western blot assays, thereby searching for the specific action mechanism on LPS-induced spinal never injury.

Results
SCI resulted in lncRNA H19 higher expression and miR-370-3p lower expression. LPS simulation raised a series of cellular biological changes, such as decreased viability, promoted apoptosis, generated ROS, and released inflammatory factors. lncRNA H19 inhibition reversed above LPS-induced changes. Besides, as the downstream target of lncRNA H19, miR-370-3p was oppositely regulated by lncRNA H19. The above biological changes induced by lncRNA H19 inhibition were reversed by miR-370-3p upregulation. Moreover, lncRNA H19 inhibition could block NF-κB pathway through miR-370-3p upregulation.

Conclusion
Inhibition of lncRNA H19/miR-370-3p mitigated spinal neuron apoptosis in an in vitro model of SCI. This provided the possibility for clinical use of gene therapy.
The Kainic Acid Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Rusina Evgeniia , Bernard Christophe , Williamson Adam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExperimental models of epilepsy are useful to identify potential mechanisms of epileptogenesis, seizure genesis, comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. The kainic acid (KA) model is one of the most commonly used. Several modes of administration of KA exist, each producing different effects in a strain-, species-, gender-, and age-dependent manner. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the various forms of KA administration (systemic, intrahippocampal, and intranasal), as well as the histologic, electrophysiological, and behavioral outcomes in different strains and species. We attempt a personal perspective and discuss areas where work is needed. The diversity of KA models and their outcomes offers researchers a rich palette of phenotypes, which may be relevant to specific traits found in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Differential Modulation of Effective Connectivity in the Brain’s Extended Face Processing System by Fearful and Sad Facial Expressions
Authors: Jamieson Alec J. , Davey Christopher G. , Harrison Ben J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe processing of emotional facial expressions is underpinned by the integration of information from a distributed network of brain regions. Despite investigations into how different emotional expressions alter the functional relationships within this network, there remains limited research examining which regions drive these interactions. This study investigated effective connectivity during the processing of sad and fearful facial expressions to better understand how these stimuli differentially modulate emotional face processing circuitry. Ninety-eight healthy human adolescents and young adults, aged between 15 and 25 years, underwent an implicit emotional face processing fMRI task. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we examined five brain regions implicated in face processing. These were restricted to the right hemisphere and included the occipital and fusiform face areas, amygdala, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Processing sad and fearful facial expressions were associated with greater positive connectivity from the amygdala to dlPFC. Only the processing of fearful facial expressions was associated with greater negative connectivity from the vmPFC to amygdala. Compared with processing sad faces, processing fearful faces was associated with significantly greater connectivity from the amygdala to dlPFC. No difference was found between the processing of these expressions and the connectivity from the vmPFC to amygdala. Overall, our findings indicate that connectivity from the amygdala and dlPFC appears to be responding to dimensional features which differ between these expressions, likely those relating to arousal. Further research is necessary to examine whether this relationship is also observable for positively valenced emotions.