bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Based Single‐Atomic Catalysts for Energy Conversion and Storage: Principles, Advances, and Theoretical Understandings
Authors: Yang Xue , Yan Liting , Kong Xiangjun , Liu Shujiang , Zhao Xuebo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the development of alternative energy‐saving, efficient, and clean catalysts for various electrochemical reactions has attracted increasing research attention. Among the various types of catalysts, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have unique properties. However, individual atoms are prone to agglomeration due to their high surface energy, which poses a major challenge to the development of SACs. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of high porosity and specific surface area, and MOF materials can be ideal carriers for single atoms, which can be anchored from a monoatomic dispersion of metal atoms by simple pyrolysis. Moreover, single atoms derived from MOF materials have high structural order, allowing them to be modeled using theoretical computational models to enable a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of SACs. SAC synthesis methods and applications in various fields are reviewed. Finally, the catalytic processes of SACs in the context of theoretical calculations are reviewed.
Temporal Analysis of Photo‐Thermally Induced Reconfigurability in a 1D Gold Grating Filled with a Phase Change Material
Authors: Zamani Naser , Hatef Ali , Nadgaran Hamid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, the finite‐element method is used to numerically calculate a photo‐thermally induced reconfigurability in a 1D gold grating structure filled with the phase change material Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST). GSST features a reversible and stable phase change between amorphous and crystalline phases around a critical temperature of 410 K with broadband low optical loss. In this study, the required heating for the transition between phases is provided by a nanosecond Gaussian pulse laser through a photo‐thermal absorption process. A comprehensive heat transfer analysis is performed to investigate the thermal characterizations of the proposed structure. The results show that in the amorphous state, the structure has a near unity absorption band in the infrared region. As the temperature increases during the pulse, the GSST undergoes the amorphous to crystalline phase change. In the intermediate states (partial crystallization) of the GSST two resonance peaks are excited and the absorption finally reaches its minimum value of 0.2 in the GSST crystalline phase. The findings of this study not only provide the fundamental concepts for the suggested tunable structure, but also have potential applications in a variety of nanophotonic devices including thermal emission controllers, sensors, and optical detection devices.
Recent Advances in Plant Nanoscience
Authors: Zhang Qi , Ying Yibin , Ping Jianfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlants have complex internal signaling pathways to quickly adjust to environmental changes and harvest energy from the environment. Facing the growing population, there is an urgent need for plant transformation and precise monitoring of plant growth to improve crop yields. Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary research field, has recently been boosting plant yields and meeting global energy needs. In this context, a new field, “plant nanoscience,” which describes the interaction between plants and nanotechnology, emerges as the times require. Nanosensors, nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nano‐plant genetic engineering are of great help in increasing crop yields. Nanogenerators are helping to develop the potential of plants in the field of energy harvesting. Furthermore, the uptake and internalization of nanomaterials in plants and the possible effects are also worthy of attention. In this review, a forward‐looking perspective on the plant nanoscience is presented and feasible solutions for future food shortages and energy crises are provided.
Improved Performance of All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries via Physical and Chemical Interfacial Control
Authors: Kim Jong Heon , Go Kwangmo , Lee Kyung Jin , Kim Hyun‐Suk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) show several limitations, such as high flammability and Li dendrite growth. All‐solid‐state LMBs (ASSLMBs) are promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolyte (LE)‐based LMBs. However, it is challenging to prepare a solid electrolyte with both high ionic conductivity and low electrode–electrolyte interfacial resistance. In this study, to overcome these problems, a solid composite electrolyte (SCE) consisting of Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12 and polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene is used, which has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a solid‐state electrolyte. To operate LMBs without an LE, optimization of the electrode–solid‐electrolyte interface is crucial. To achieve this, physical and chemical treatments are performed, i.e., direct growth of each layer by drop casting and thermal evaporation, and plasma treatment before the Li evaporation process, respectively. The optimized ASSLMB (amorphous V2O5−x (1 µm)/SCE (30 µm)/Li film (10 µm)) has a high discharge capacity of 136.13 mAh g−1 (at 50 °C and 5 C), which is 90% of that of an LMB with an LE. It also shows good cycling performance (>99%) over 1000 cycles. Thus, the proposed design minimizes the electrode–solid‐electrolyte interfacial resistance, and is expected to be suitable for integration with existing commercial processes.
Negative Differential Friction Predicted in 2D Ferroelectric In2Se3 Commensurate Contacts
Authors: Sun Jingge , Zhang Lili , Pang Rui , Zhao Xing‐Ju , Cheng Jiangtao , Zhang Yimin , Xue Xinlian , Ren Xiaoyan , Zhu Wenguang , Li Shunfang , Zhang Zhenyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAt the macroscopic scale, the friction force (f) is found to increase with the normal load (N), according to the classic law of Da Vinci–Amontons, namely, f = µN, with a positive definite friction coefficient (μ). Here, first‐principles calculations are employed to predict that, the static force f, measured by the corrugation in the sliding potential energy barrier, is lowered upon increasing the normal load applied on one layer of the recently discovered ferroelectric In2Se3 over another commensurate layer of In2Se3. That is, a negative differential friction coefficient μ can be realized, which thus simultaneously breaking the classic Da Vinci–Amontons law. Such a striking and counterintuitive observation can be rationalized by the delicate interplay of the interfacial van der Waals repulsive interactions and the electrostatic energy reduction due to the enhancement of the intralayer SeIn ionic bonding via charge redistribution under load. The present findings are expected to play an instrumental role in design of high‐performance solid lubricants and mechanical‐electronic nanodevices.
Reveal the Humidity Effect on the Phase Pure CsPbBr3 Single Crystals Formation at Room Temperature and Its Application for Ultrahigh Sensitive X‐Ray Detector
Authors: Di Jiayu , Li Haojin , Su Jie , Yuan Haidong , Lin Zhenhua , Zhao Kui , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenerally, growing phase pure CsPbBr3 single crystals is challenging, and CsPb2Br5 or Cs4PbBr6 by‐products are usually formed due to the different solubilities of CsBr and PbBr2 in the single solvent. Herein, the growth of high‐quality phase pure CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystals at room temperature by a humidity controlled solvent evaporation method is reported first. Meanwhile, the room temperature phase transition process from three dimensional (3D) cubic CsPbBr3 to two dimensional (2D) layered tetragonal CsPb2Br5 and the detailed mechanism induced by humidity are revealed. Moreover, compared with the organic–inorganic perovskite, the prepared CsPbBr3 single crystals are much more stable under high humidity, which satisfies the long‐term working conditions of X‐ray detectors. The X‐ray detectors based on CsPbBr3 single crystals show a high sensitivity and a low detection limit of 1.89 μGyair s–1, all of which meet the needs of medical diagnosis.
Forage conservation in sub‐Saharan Africa: Review of experiences, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Balehegn Mulubrhan , Ayantunde Augustine , Amole Tunde , Njarui Donald , Nkosi Bhutikini D. , Müller Francuois L. , Meeske Robin , Tjelele Tlou J. , Malebana Ingrid M. , Madibela Othusitse R. , Boitumelo Wame S. , Lukuyu Ben , Weseh Addah , Minani Elias , Adesogan Adegbola T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForage conservation is an important potential solution to seasonal variation in feed quality and quantity and herder‐farmer conflicts in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Considerable variations exist in the type of forages conserved and the preservation methods across SSA. Hay from cultivated forages is commonly made with mechanical mowers and balers by large‐scale commercial farms. In contrast, smallholder farmers, who dominate farming on the continent, make hay from natural pastures and straw from crop residues or stockpiled forage. Mechanized harvesting and storing of silage are also practiced by commercial farmers in various countries including South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya. Smallholder farmers rarely make silage, despite repeated recommendations about its potential to bridge the dry season feed gap. This is due to the limited resources, knowledge, and skills. Hay and silage produced by smallholders is typically poor in quality due to use of lower quality forages, improper storage methods, and lack of an economic incentive because feed prices do not reflect quality in most regions. This paper discusses the status of forage conservation across SSA and recommends strategic interventions and technologies to improve the quantity, quality, safety, pricing, and utilization of preserved forages in SSA. Key deductions include the need to raise awareness about their role in bridging the feed gap, to build capacity and invest in appropriate technology, to optimize their production and use, to develop mechanisms to relate prices to quality, and to incentivize women and youth and the private sector to engage further in making and selling preserved forages.
The role of ontogeny in wood diversity and evolution
Authors: Onyenedum Joyce G. , Pace Marcelo R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEvolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo) explores the link between developmental patterning and phenotypic change through evolutionary time. In this review, we highlight the scientific advancements in understanding xylem evolution afforded by the evo‐devo approach, opportunities for further engagement, and future research directions for the field. We review evidence that (1) heterochrony—the change in rate and timing of developmental events, (2) homeosis—the ontogenetic replacement of features, (3) heterometry—the change in quantity of a feature, (4) exaptation—the co‐opting and repurposing of an ancestral feature, (5) the interplay between developmental and capacity constraints, and (6) novelty—the emergence of a novel feature, have all contributed to generating the diversity of woods. We present opportunities for future research engagement, which combine wood ontogeny within the context of robust phylogenetic hypotheses, and molecular biology.
Do chimpanzees enjoy a virtual forest? A pilot investigation of the use of interactive art as a form of environmental enrichment for zoo‐housed chimpanzees
Authors: Yamanashi Yumi , Hitoosa Kazuki , Yoshida Nobuaki , Kano Fumihiro , Ikkatai Yuko , Sakamoto Hidefusa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment is essential for the well‐being of zoo animals. Recent advances in sensor and video technologies may contribute to improvements in enrichment in terms of their flexibilities and time constraints. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether interactive movie art can be used as a form of environmental enrichment. We implemented interactive movies designed by a professional artist, a visual art aiming to reflect naturalistic forest habitat, in an indoor chimpanzee enclosure at Kyoto City Zoo in Japan. Motion‐tracking sensors embedded in buoys were installed at several locations around the indoor enclosure; the chimpanzees could change the movie contents by physically interacting with these objects. We recorded behaviors by observing entire troop of chimpanzees (six) between March 16 and 20, 2020 (control condition), then recorded behaviors when the interactive movie was presented (experimental condition) between March 21 and 29, 2020. Behaviors were recorded via direct observations and video recordings to examine any changes after the installation of interactive art. The chimpanzees spent more time in the indoor enclosures during the experimental condition than during the control condition. Activity budgets did not change substantially during the study period. There was no evidence of habituation to the movie during the study period. Three chimpanzees, including two young chimpanzees, interacted with the movie more frequently than the others; these young chimpanzees occasionally showed playful expressions when interacting with the movie and exhibited different reactivities to the movie scenes. These results demonstrate, first, that the interactive art did not negatively affect chimpanzee behavior, and second, that some of the chimpanzees indeed showed positive responses to the art. This study, therefore, introduces a novel possibility for environmental enrichment in zoos, involving a collaboration between science and art.
Novel Autoantibodies in Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Authors: Chan Amanda C. Y. , Wong Hiu Yi , Chong Yao Feng , Lai Poh San , Teoh Hock Luen , Ng Alison Y. Y. , Hung Jennifer H. M. , Chan Yee Cheun , Ng Kay W. P. , Vijayan Joy , Ong Jonathan J. Y. , Chandra Bharatendu , Tan Chi Hsien , Rutt Nurul H. , Tan Ti Myen , Ismail Nur Hafiza , Wilder‐Smith Einar , Schwarz Herbert , Choi Hyungwon , Sharma Vijay K. , Mak Anselm 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveSmall fiber neuropathy (SFN) is clinically and etiologically heterogeneous. Although autoimmunity has been postulated to be pathophysiologically important in SFN, few autoantibodies have been described. We aimed to identify autoantibodies associated with idiopathic SFN (iSFN) by a novel high‐throughput protein microarray platform that captures autoantibodies expressed in the native conformational state.MethodsSera from 58 SFN patients and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were screened against >1,600 immune‐related antigens. Fluorescent unit readout and postassay imaging were performed, followed by composite data normalization and protein fold change (pFC) analysis. Analysis of an independent validation cohort of 33 SFN patients against the same 20 HCs was conducted to identify reproducible proteins in both cohorts.ResultsNine autoantibodies were screened with statistical significance and pFC criteria in both cohorts, with at least 50% change in serum levels. Three proteins showed consistently high fold changes in main and validation cohorts: MX1 (FC = 2.99 and 3.07, respectively, p = 0.003, q = 0.076), DBNL (FC = 2.11 and 2.16, respectively, p = 0.009, q < 0.003), and KRT8 (FC = 1.65 and 1.70, respectively, p = 0.043, q < 0.003). Further subgroup analysis into iSFN and SFN by secondary causes (secondary SFN) in the main cohort showed that MX1 is higher in iSFN compared to secondary SFN (FC = 1.61 vs 0.106, p = 0.009).InterpretationNovel autoantibodies MX1, DBNL, and KRT8 are found in iSFN. MX1 may allow diagnostic subtyping of iSFN patients. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:66–77
Total Synthesis and Late‐Stage C−H Oxidations of ent‐Trachylobane Natural Products
Authors: Wein Lukas Anton , Wurst Klaus , Magauer Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, we present our studies to construct seven ent‐trachylobane diterpenoids by employing a bioinspired two‐phase synthetic strategy. The first phase provided enantioselective and scalable access to five ent‐trachylobanes, of which methyl ent‐trachyloban‐19‐oate was produced on a 300 mg scale. During the second phase, chemical C−H oxidation methods were employed to enable selective conversion to two naturally occurring higher functionalized ent‐trachylobanes. The formation of regioisomeric analogs, which are currently inaccessible via enzymatic methods, reveals the potential as well as limitations of established chemical C−H oxidation protocols for complex molecule synthesis.
Thermal and Magnetic Field Switching in a Two‐Step Hysteretic MnIII Spin Crossover Compound Coupled to Symmetry Breakings
Authors: Dobbelaar Emiel , Jakobsen Vibe B. , Trzop Elzbieta , Lee Minseong , Chikara Shalinee , Ding Xiaxin , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Esien Kane , Felton Solveig , Carpenter Michael A. , Collet Eric , Morgan Grace G. , Zapf Vivien S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA MnIII spin crossover complex with atypical two‐step hysteretic thermal switching at 74 K and 84 K shows rich structural–magnetic interplay and magnetic‐field‐induced spin state switching below 14 T with an onset below 5 T. The spin states, structures, and the nature of the phase transitions are elucidated via X‐ray and magnetization measurements. An unusual intermediate phase containing four individual sites, where
are in a pure low spin state, is observed. The splitting of equivalent sites in the high temperature phase into four inequivalent sites is due to a structural reorganization involving a primary and a secondary symmetry‐breaking order parameter that induces a crystal system change from orthorhombic→monoclinic and a cell doubling. Further cooling leads to a reconstructive phase transition and a monoclinic low‐temperature phase with two inequivalent low‐spin sites. The coupling between the order parameters is identified in the framework of Landau theory.
Substrate‐Inspired Fragment Merging and Growing Affords Efficacious LasB Inhibitors
Authors: Kaya Cansu , Walter Isabell , Yahiaoui Samir , Sikandar Asfandyar , Alhayek Alaa , Konstantinović Jelena , Kany Andreas M. , Haupenthal Jörg , Köhnke Jesko , Hartmann Rolf W. , Hirsch Anna K. H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtracellular virulence factors have emerged as attractive targets in the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. The Gram‐negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes the virulence factor elastase B (LasB), which plays an important role in the infection process. Here, we report a sub‐micromolar, non‐peptidic, fragment‐like inhibitor of LasB discovered by careful visual inspection of structural data. Inspired by the natural LasB substrate, the original fragment was successfully merged and grown. The optimized inhibitor is accessible via simple chemistry and retained selectivity with a substantial improvement in activity, which can be rationalized by the crystal structure of LasB in complex with the inhibitor. We also demonstrate an improved in vivo efficacy of the optimized hit in Galleria mellonella larvae, highlighting the significance of this class of compounds as promising drug candidates.
An exploration of the population characteristics and behaviours of the white shark in Guadalupe Island, Mexico (2014–2019): Observational data from cage diving vessels
Authors: Santana‐Morales Omar , Zertuche‐Chanes Rebeca , Hoyos‐Padilla Edgar M. , Sepúlveda Chugey , Becerril‐García Edgar E. , Gallo‐Reynoso Juan P. , Barba‐Acuña Isai , Mejía‐Trejo Adán , Aquino‐Baleytó Marc , Sosa‐Nishizaki Oscar , Ketchum James T. , Beas‐Luna Rodrigo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

In the eastern North Pacific, the Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve (GIBR) is one of the most renowned white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) aggregation sites studied to date, and an important tourism activity has been developed in the reserve.
This study used tourist‐based cage diving activities to biologically monitor white sharks from 2014 to 2019 within the GIBR.
The data indicated a gradual increase in the overall abundance of white sharks with an age‐structure shift, as young of the year and juvenile sharks were more prevalent during the latter part of the study period (2016–2019).
The arrival of young of the year and juvenile white sharks coincided with regional changes in oceanographic conditions off California and Baja California.
The arrival of adult female white sharks coincided with the seasonal peak in elephant seal abundance.
Records of high‐risk white shark behaviours, a shift to sharks of younger ages, and the high prevalence of small individuals during cage diving activities supports the need for the continued revision of tourism operational protocols.
This study highlights the importance of white shark biological monitoring to identify threats and challenges to the growing tourism industry and the management of the species in Guadalupe Island and in other aggregation sites.
Ag(I)‐Catalyzed/Acid‐Mediated Cascade Cyclization of ortho‐Alkynylaryl‐1,3‐dicarbonyls to Access Arylnaphthalenelactones and Furanonaphthol Libraries via Aryl‐Disengagement
Authors: Laohapaisan Pavitra , Lumyong Kanyapat , Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Chatwichien Jaruwan , Supantanapong Nantamon , Ruchirawat Somsak 
Published: November 2021

Abstractortho‐Alkynylarylketone derivatives were employed as key precursors for a one‐pot synthesis of arylnaphthalenelactone and furanonaphthol libraries. In this work, we discovered a cost‐effective protocol to prepare arylnaphthalenelactones in one‐pot using inexpensive starting material, malonate ester, which was conveniently functionalized leading to a variety of structures. Moreover, we also found an unexpected oxy‐dearylation reaction which could be used to synthesize furanonaphthol analogs. These novel methods could be applied to a broad range of substrates to give the corresponding products in up to 83% yield. Notably, these classes of compounds exhibited more significant inhibition against protein‐tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme than a standard compound, ursolic acid.
Bilingualism effects in pronoun comprehension: Evidence from children with autism
Authors: Skrimpa Vasileia , Spanou Vasilina , Bongartz Christiane , Peristeri Eleni , Andreou Maria , Papadopoulou Despina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of autism worldwide has risen steadily in the last two decades, while bilingualism is also becoming increasingly prevalent in today's rapidly globalizing world. The current study aimed to investigate bilingualism effects in the pronoun resolution skills of children with autism in comparison to age‐matched monolingual children with autism, as well as monolingual and bilingual children of typical development (Ν = 20 participants per group). Results showed that autistic children had general difficulty anchoring ambiguous pronouns to entities that were linguistically expressed in discourse, yet, the bilingual children with autism were more sensitive to the topicality of the entities in syntactic subject position and more prone to identify them as suitable referents of ambiguous null pronouns as compared to their monolingual peers. The findings suggest that bilingualism is not detrimental to autistic children's pronoun resolution skills. The current study aimed at determining how bilingualism influences ambiguous pronoun comprehension in children with autism as compared to bilingual and monolingual children of typical development. The findings show that bilingualism was not detrimental to the autistic children's pronoun resolution skills, further suggesting that having acquired more than one language does not exacerbate autistic children's deficits in the comprehension of pronouns.