bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐region and open‐source computational fluid dynamic tool for electrochemical systems with three‐dimensional electrodes
Authors: Colli Alejandro N. , Bisang José M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, a solver, implemented in OpenFOAM, is developed to investigate the mechanisms of ion transport through activated or resistive three‐dimensional (3D) electrodes, and also leakage currents in the case of a bipolar connection. The transport model, which accounts for the balance of mass, momentum, species, and electric charge in the fluid, 3D and solid phases, was solved using a multi‐region approach. The algorithm permits calculations for a fixed cell potential difference, and also for a current flowing through the cell under galvanostatic control. Analytical models and experimental results of the current and potential distribution are compared with the present tool, obtaining a close agreement between them. The model presented here is supplied as a free source code and can be employed to optimize both cell stack design and system operation conditions.
Validated international definition of the thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly clinical subtype (TAFRO) of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Nishimura Yoshito , Fajgenbaum David C. , Pierson Sheila K. , Iwaki Noriko , Nishikori Asami , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Nakamura Naoya , Izutsu Koji , Takeuchi Kengo , Nishimura Midori Filiz , Maeda Yoshinobu , Otsuka Fumio , Yoshizaki Kazuyuki , Oksenhendler Eric , van Rhee Frits , Sato Yasuharu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome is a heterogeneous entity manifesting with a constellation of symptoms described above that can occur in the context of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) as well as infectious diseases, malignancies, and rheumatologic disorders. So, iMCD‐TAFRO is an aggressive subtype of iMCD with TAFRO syndrome and often hyper‐vascularized lymph nodes. Since we proposed diagnostic criteria of iMCD‐TAFRO in 2016, we have accumulated new insights on the disorder and additional cases have been reported worldwide. In this systematic review and cohort analysis, we established and validated a definition for iMCD‐TAFRO. First, we searched PubMed and Japan Medical Abstracts Society databases using the keyword “TAFRO” to extract cases. Patients with possible systemic autoimmune diseases and hematologic malignancies were excluded. Our search identified 54 cases from 50 articles. We classified cases into three categories: (1) iMCD‐TAFRO (TAFRO syndrome with lymph node histopathology consistent with iMCD), (2) possible iMCD‐TAFRO (TAFRO syndrome with no lymph node biopsy performed and no other co‐morbidities), and (3) TAFRO without iMCD or other co‐morbidities (TAFRO syndrome with lymph node histopathology not consistent with iMCD or other comorbidities). Based on the findings, we propose an international definition requiring four clinical criteria (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever/hyperinflammatory status, organomegaly), renal dysfunction or characteristic bone marrow findings, and lymph node features consistent with iMCD. The definition was validated with an external cohort (the ACCELERATE Natural History Registry). The present international definition will facilitate a more precise and comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of iMCD‐TAFRO.
Discrete Self‐Assembled Metallo‐Foldamers with Heteroleptic Sequence Specificity
Authors: Preston Dan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiscrete and structurally diverse foldamer sequences are constructed in both natural and abiotic systems primarily using inert connectivity with irreversible organic covalent bonds, serving to preserve the identity of the sequence. The formation of sequences under thermodynamic control using labile coordination bonds would be attractive for synthetic ease and modular capability, but this presents issues regarding sequence preservation. Here is presented an approach integrating palladium(II) metal ions into the sequence itself, with fidelity maintained through use of complementary pairings of ligand arrangements at the metal centre. This is accomplished using sites of different denticity and/or hydrogen bonding capability. In this fashion, discrete and ordered metallo‐sequences are formed as thermodynamic products in a single step, and these then fold into defined conformations due to π–π interactions between electron‐rich and ‐poor aromatic regions of the combined componentry.
Revisiting a model to predict pure triglyceride thermodynamic properties: parameter optimization and performance
Authors: Seilert Julia , Moorthy Arun S. , Kearsley Anthony J. , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 1990, a well‐known model to predict pure component properties of triglycerides was presented by Wesdorp in “Liquid‐multiple solid phase equilibria in fats: theory and experiments” and has been shown to perform well despite making thermodynamically inconsistent predictions for certain test cases. In this study, the underlying parameter set is improved to deliver more physically consistent predictions, i.e., increasing melting point and enthalpy of fusion with increasing stability of the polymorphs, without deterioration of the primary model quality to describe the available experimental data. Interestingly, when a curated dataset containing only thermodynamically consistent data is compared to a broader dataset, it appears that the model's efficacy is highly dependent on the quantity of data, specifically the number of unsaturated triglycerides data. Quality and thermodynamic consistency of model predictions and the condition of a reliable description of monoacid triglycerides as a subset is discussed, addressing a potential interdependence.
Photoelectrochemical performance of tubewall‐separated titanium dioxide nanotube array photoelectrode
Authors: Xie Yibing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanotube array (TiO2 NTA) grown on titanium substrate has been fabricated as active photoelectrode for organic compound degradation. TiO2 NTA shows the tubewall‐separated nanotube arrangement and anatase crystal structure. Transient photocurrent of 1.86 mA and open‐circuit photovoltage of 0.26 V are determined to keep stable level under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, indicating its high photoelectrochemical activity. The cathodic polarization process causes more feasible electron transfer than the equilibrium process and anodic polarization process, which is consistent with the declining current response at an increasing positive potential. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 NTA is fully evaluated through UV light‐induced photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis degradation of organic dye X‐3B as a reactant pollutant. The pseudo‐first‐order reaction rate constant is enhanced from 0.00346 min−1 for photocatalysis to 0.00521 min−1 for photoelectrocatalysis using Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model of heterogeneous catalysis. The tubewall‐separated nanotube structure could induce photoelectron directional transport and provide extra interspace for reactant organic molecule diffusion at accessible surface area. The positive potential applied on TiO2 NTA could further promote photoelectron–hole pair separation. Two strategies of photoelectron generation and photoelectron–hole separation are accordingly adopted to improve its electro‐assisted photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the tubewall‐separated TiO2 NTA could present the promising photoelectrocatalysis application.
Colonization history and human translocations explain the population genetic structure of the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) in Fennoscandia: Implications for the management of a critically endangered species
Authors: Dannewitz Johan , Palm Stefan , Edsman Lennart 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) is an endangered freshwater species in Europe. The main threat is from lethal crayfish plague, caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci that has been spread over Europe by introduced North American crayfish species, acting as chronic carriers of the disease.
Most of the remaining noble crayfish populations are found in the Baltic Sea area, and there is an urgent need to implement conservation actions to slow down or halt the extinction rate in this region. However, limited knowledge about the genetic structure of populations in this area has so far precluded the development of conservation strategies that take genetic aspects into consideration.
Key objectives of this large‐scale genetic study, covering 77 locations mainly from northern Europe, were to describe the contemporary population genetic structure of the noble crayfish in the Fennoscandian peninsula (Sweden, Norway, and Finland), taking postglacial colonization history into account, and to evaluate how human activities such as stocking have affected the genetic structure of the populations.
Analyses of 15 microsatellite markers revealed three main genetic clusters corresponding to populations in northern, middle, and southern Fennoscandia, with measures of genetic diversity being markedly higher within populations in the southern cluster. The observed genetic structure probably mirrors two main colonizations of the Baltic Sea basin after the last glaciation period. At the same time, several deviations from this pattern were observed, reflecting past human translocations of noble crayfish.
The results are discussed in relation to the conservation and management of this critically endangered species. In particular, we recommend increased efforts to protect the few remaining noble crayfish populations in southern Fennoscandia and the use of genetic information when planning stocking activities, such as reintroductions following local extinctions.
Taste receptors in aquatic mammals: Potential role of solitary chemosensory cells in immune responses
Authors: Barboza Meghan Lee Bills , Reyno Beau 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe sense of taste is associated with the evaluation of food and other environmental parameters such as salinity. In aquatic mammals, anatomic and behavioral evidence of the use of taste varies by species and genomic analysis of taste receptors indicates an overall reduction and, in some cases, complete loss of intact bitter and sweet taste receptors. However, the receptors used by taste buds in the oral cavity are found on cells in other areas of the body and play an important role in immune responses. In the respiratory tract, an example of such cells is solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) which have bitter and sweet taste receptors. The bitter receptors detect chemicals given off by pathogens and initiate an innate immune response. Although many aquatic mammals may not have a role for taste in the assessment of food, they likely would benefit from the added protection that SCCs provide, especially considering respiratory diseases are a problem for many aquatic mammals. While evidence indicates that some species do not possess functional bitter receptors for taste, many do have intact bitter receptor genes and it is important for researchers to be aware of all roles for these receptors in homeostasis. Through a better understanding of the anatomy and physiology of aquatic mammal's respiratory systems, better treatment and management is possible.
Adaptive fuzzy backstepping super‐twisting sliding mode control of nonlinear systems with unknown hysteresis
Authors: Li M. , Li Y. , Wang Q. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive fuzzy backstepping super‐twisting sliding mode control (AFBSTSMC) scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown hysteresis, unmeasured states, and external disturbances. First, fuzzy logic systems are employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions of the controlled systems, and a fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured states. Then, combining the backstepping technique and adaptive sliding mode control with super‐twisting algorithm, the AFBSTSMC scheme is proposed without constructing the hysteresis inverse. The problem of “explosion of complexity” inherent in the conventional backstepping design method is eliminated by utilizing the dynamic surface control technique. Moreover, the chattering phenomenon is significantly reduced by using the developed adaptive fuzzy super‐twisting controller. It is proved that the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally ultimately uniformly bounded and the observer and tracking errors can converge to a small domain of the origin. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented control scheme is confirmed in two examples including a numerical simulation and an inverted pendulum with unknown hysteresis actuator.
Design of adaptive weld quality monitoring for multiple‐conditioned robotic welding tasks
Authors: Xia Suibo , Khiang Pang Chee , Al Mamun Abdullah , Seng Wong Fook , Meng Chew Chee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiple‐conditioned welding monitoring is a challenging issue in complex robotic welding tasks. In practice, the monitoring system has to be sensitive to different welding conditions (WCs) and weld quality changes. In this paper, a swing high temperature sensor system is used in order to obtain the temperature distribution curve under different WCs. A sigmoid feature extraction (SFE) method is proposed to obtain the geometric features of the temperature distribution curve, and a weld monitoring algorithm is proposed for multiple‐conditioned welding tasks using multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) classifier and Kalman filter‐based Gaussian probability density function (PDF) prediction for the probabilistic weld quality estimation. When there are unknown WCs, the proposed method uses an efficient incremental learning for the MLP and an online maximum likelihood estimation for the Gaussian models of the unknown WCs. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can accurately reflect the weld quality changing in both single‐WC and multiple‐WC tasks. In addition, the proposed adaptive updating methodology can achieve comparable performance with unknown WCs, as compared to the results with knowing all the WCs.
Fuzzy‐based adaptive event‐triggered control for switched stochastic nonlinear systems with state constraints
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Zhu Qidan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a fuzzy‐based control strategy is devised for switched stochastic nonlinear systems with state constraints. All states are guaranteed to maintain the prescribed regions whereby barrier Lyapunov function. To mitigate the data transmission and save resource, the event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is exploited to update control signal. To further deal with system uncertainties, the fuzzy logic systems are taken as function approximators. By combining the backstepping technique with event‐triggered mechanism, the adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) strategy is recursively established. In virtue of Lyapunov theory and average dwell time method (ADT), the devised AFC method can guarantee that the entire closed‐loop systems are uniformly bounded and the prescribed state constraints are not violated. Finally, the validity of the developed method is illustrated via a simulation example.
Effect of nutrient metabolism on cartilaginous tissue formation
Authors: Tarantino Roberto , Chiu Loraine L. Y. , Weber Joanna F. , Yat Tse Man , Bardana Davide D. , Pang Stephen C. , Waldman Stephen D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA major shortcoming in cartilage tissue engineering is the low biosynthetic response of chondrocytes. While different strategies have been investigated, a novel approach may be to control nutrient metabolism. Although known for their anaerobic metabolism, chondrocytes are more synthetically active under conditions that elicit mixed aerobic–anaerobic metabolism. Here, we postulate this metabolic switch induces HIF‐1α signaling resulting in improved growth. Transition to different metabolic states can result in the pooling of metabolites, several of which can stabilize HIF‐1α by interfering with PHD2. Chondrocytes cultured under increased media availability accelerated tissue deposition with the greatest effect occurring at 2 ml/106 cells. Under higher media availability, metabolism switched from anaerobic to mixed aerobic‐anaerobic. Around this transition, maximal changes in PHD2 activity, HIF‐1α expression, and HIF‐1 target gene expression were observed. Loss‐of‐function studies using YC‐1 confirmed the involvement of HIF‐1. Lastly, targeted metabolomic studies revealed that intracellular lactate and succinate correlated with PHD2 activity. This study demonstrates that cartilaginous tissue formation can be regulated by nutrient metabolism and that this response is mediated through changes in HIF‐1α signaling. By harnessing this newly identified metabolic switch, engineered cartilage implants may be developed without the need for sophisticated methods which could aid translation to the clinic.
Ultrahigh‐cell‐density heterotrophic cultivation of the unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana for biomass production
Authors: Jin Hu , Chuai Wenhua , Li Kunpeng , Hou Guoli , Wu Mingcan , Chen Jianping , Wang Hongxia , Jia Jing , Han Danxiang , Hu Qiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella has achieved commercial success, but the application of Chlorella biomass is still limited due to the high cost of biomass production. In this study, an effective and industrially scalable heterotrphic cultivation technology has been developed for a production strain Chlorella sorokiniana GT‐1. Under the optimized culturing conditions, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 271 and 247 g L−1 was achieved in 7.5 L bench‐scale and 1000 L pilot‐scale fermenters, respectively. Technoeconomic (TE) analysis indicated that the production cost of C. sorokiniana GT‐1 could be reduced to $1601.27 per ton of biomass if the biomass concentration reached 200 g L−1, which is 24.2% lower than that of the reported highest Chlorella biomass production through fermentation with the same TE model. Under the same growth conditions, the maximum biomass concentration of a low‐starch mutant SLM2 was reduced to 93 g L−1, which was 54% lower than that of the wild type, indicating the capabilities of C. sorokiniana GT‐1 cells in accumulating large amounts of starch are essential for achieving the ultrahigh‐cell‐density under the heterotrophic conditions. In addition, the ultrahigh‐cell‐density growth potential of C. sorokiniana GT‐1 cells was inferred to be related to the intrinsic biological characteristics including the tolerance to low dissolved oxygen and a moderate doubling time under the heterotrophic conditions as well. The breakthrough in cultivation technology is promising for Chlorella industry and would expand its applications in food and feed.
Growth mindset interventions improve academic performance but not mindset in biochemistry
Authors: Miller Heather B. , Srougi Melissa C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that students' self‐beliefs about altering their academic abilities can directly influence long‐term achievement. These self‐beliefs or mindsets can either be fixed (unchangeable) or growth oriented. Students with growth mindsets believe their academic abilities can change, which leads to higher grades and academic persistence in contrast to students with fixed mindsets. However, less is known about how these attributes affect student learning, particularly in college level biochemistry courses. In this study, we utilized metacognitive interventions to promote growth mindset among third and fourth year undergraduate students enrolled in a one semester Biochemistry survey course. Using a mixed‐methods study design, we evaluated student mindset, attitudes toward learning, and academic performance over four semesters. Our results suggest that although students' mindsets did not change as a result of growth mindset interventions, their positive perceptions about learning versus performance did increase. Furthermore, students receiving growth mindset interventions significantly outperformed students who did not receive interventions on the final cumulative exam that assessed critical thinking skills. These results suggest that these types of metacognitive interventions can be an effective tool to improve student academic performance in a biochemistry course.
Identification of a competing endogenous RNA axis “SVIL‐AS1/miR‐103a/ICE1” associated with chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Guo Lili , Ding Lina , Tang Junfang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy is an important treatment for lung cancer. The molecular mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) chemoresistance is not completely understood.MethodsWeighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to screen the modules related to chemosensitivity using the data of LUAD patients receiving chemotherapy in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. GDCRNATools package was used to establish competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network based on the key chemotherapy‐related module. Kaplan–Meier and risk models were used to analyze the influence of genes in the ceRNA network on the prognosis of LUAD patients receiving chemotherapy. Cell counting kit‐8, reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR, and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were used to detect the effects of abnormal expression of genes in the ceRNA network on the proliferation and IC50 of cisplatin (DDP)‐resistant LUAD cells, and the targeting relationship of genes in the ceRNA network. The signaling pathways and functions of ICE1 in LUAD were analyzed by LinkOmics and CancerSEA databases, and validated by Western blot.ResultsMidnightblue module was the only WGCNA module positively correlated with chemosensitivity, in which the function of genes was related to cancer progression. SVIL‐AS1/miR‐103a/ICE1 was constructed based on midnightblue module. High expression of SVIl‐AS1 and ICE1 corresponded to a favorable prognosis. High expression of miR‐103a corresponded to a dismal prognosis. SVIl‐AS1 was downregulated in DDP‐resistant LUAD cells. SVIL‐AS1 overexpression retarded the proliferation and DDP resistance of DDP‐resistant LUAD cell. miR‐103a was sponged by SVIL‐AS1 and directly targeted ICE1. miR‐103a overexpression and ICE1 knockdown overturned the suppressive effect of SVIL‐AS1 overexpression on cell proliferation and DDP resistance. Further bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification showed that SVIL‐AS1/miR‐103a‐3p/ICE1 axis can enhance DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents.ConclusionsSVIL‐AS1 inhibited chemoresistance by acting as a sponge for miR‐103a and upregulating ICE1 expression, which may be a potential therapeutic target for chemotherapy in LUAD.