bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuel Consumption Saving Strategy and Realization of Honda Eco-car Engine
Authors: Geng Jie , Wang Xinjian , Kong Chao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the race of Honda Eco Mileage Challenge (HEMC), with the engine from the organizing committee, the Binhai Team makes different kinds of methods and strategy to reduce fuel consumption of eco-car. In this study, the engine 1-D simulation model is built in software GT-Power and 3-D model is made in UG. With GT-Power the engine intake and exhaust system and compression ratio are optimized and analyzed. In order to realize light weight, several parts of the engine are cut off. Besides, electrical control system is calibrated. Lubrication and starting system are adjusted to adapt to the race.
Research on 3D printing materials used in environmental art design
Authors: Zhenhua Gong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBased on the innovation of science and technology in China, 3D printing has achieved good application effects in many fields and engineering. Environmental art design is an important part of the current social development. The reasonable use of 3 D printing technology to print materials is an important technical means to carry out green concept, energy saving and emission reduction and environmental protection. In view of this, this article mainly analyzes 3D printing technology, studies the status of environmental art design, and explores the application of 3D printing materials to provide good reference for related engineering and design activities.
Evaluation of Material Modification using PET in 3D Concrete Printing Technology
Authors: Skibicki S , Pultorak M , Kaszynska M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Use of recycled materials and incorporation of sustainable development ideas are one of the most popular trends in civil engineering. The 3D concrete printing technology which has been developing rapidly in recent years can benefit from use of both of them. The study evaluates the possibility of using PET granules in mixes suitable for 3D printing. The study compares the properties of two mixes, a reference one (well-studied mix which is suitable for 3D printing) and mix modified by replacing the aggregate with PET (30% of volume). The concretes were tested to evaluate their mechanical properties. The samples for flexural and compressive strength determination were prepared as traditional prisms (40x40x160 mm) as well as printed out with similar dimensions. Additionally, a hollow cylinder structure was printed out and tested for its strength after 24 h. Obtained results has shown that replacement of the aggregate with PET granules did not inhibit the suitability of mix for 3D concrete printing. Use of PET granules decreases the mechanical properties of printed specimens by few to several percent. Presented results can be considered as an initial study for introduction of recommendations for use of PET in printed concretes.
The Water-Dependent Evolution of Pore Size Distribution due to Hydro-Chemical Transport within Cement-based Materials
Authors: Qing xiang XIONG , Fekri MEFTAH 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work explores the evolution of pore structure by considering the coupling effect of ionic transport and chemical reaction, especially salt precipitation. The reactive transport system is based on two sets of equations: a set of partial differential equations based on mass conservation for the ionic transport, and a set of nonlinear algebraic equations based on the law of mass action for the chemical processes. By adopting this model, transport properties such as ionic concentration and mass of chemical components are implemented. The porosity and the water saturation degree are also considered and examined in our work. Besides, we propose a probabilistic-based porous network representing the evolution of microstructure induced by precipitation/dissolution. The probabilistic porous network is the interconnection between the microstructure and the macro properties. With a given water saturation degree and porosity calculated by the reactive transport model, we could establish the water-dependent evolution of pore structure in cement-based materials. Such a numerical model could be used to interpret the mechanism of the local precipitation/dissolution process in pore scales, which cannot be implemented by experimental measurements.
Innovation Architecture: Pickle Processing Industry “La Pukarina” – Province of Huancayo, Peru
Authors: Garay Katherine Toralva , Maraví Jorge Sihuay , Moggiano Nabilt 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Pucara area has land with horticultural potential, so the project proposes the construction of “La Pukarina” Pickle Processing Plant. The proposal is the result of the diagnosis of horticultural production in the area to give added value to your vegetables; producing pickles, promoting associative business work. Using the Location Factors Rubric, made up of 9 indicators, the land for the Processing Plant was located, with an area of 24 823.25 m2, accumulating 34 points. The design of the plant is born from a formal search, using the geometry of the medium as the corridors and ceilings. In the same way, the Mahoney Table will be seen, a bioclimatic design method for its distribution. After the economic analysis of the project, the initial investment of 445282.73 USD was established in the first year, financed at a bank interest of 7%, and financed in 6 years. The market study requires the target population, made up of men and women between 25 and 39 years old, of whom 58% consume pickles every two weeks, especially an organic vegetable base in the area.
Finally, the Pickles Processing Industry "La Pukarina" is proposed as a technically and economically viable alternative to up 100.8 %.
Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies in University Campuses: a Case Study
Authors: Nazipov Farnush , Tokbolat Serik , Khussainova Diana , Mustafa Mohamad , Almahadin Aziz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy technologies are becoming widely integrated into energy generation systems around the world. While the majority of such technologies are integrated at a large scale in the form of wind and solar farms, there is a need for their incorporation into the built environment. A university campus is an ideal place for testing and understanding how renewable energy technologies can be integrated at a building site scale. Nazarbayev University in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, is a research intense institution which is set to lead the sustainability-related research in the region. The campus is populated with a number of technologies such as a passive house, wind turbines, and photovoltaic solar panels of different capacities and configuration. The review of the technologies and assessment of their operation allowed the study to understand the nature of pioneering technologies that can be integrated in the climate conditions of the locality and how such solutions can help to increase the awareness and popularize renewable energy through education and research.
Development of Penambang Boat Driving Cycle to Evaluate Energy Consumption and Emissions
Authors: Shahiran E.A.E.S , Anida I.N. , Norbakyah J.S. , Salisa A.R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Penambang Boat is a service that has been developed in the Kuala Terengganu River to boost the public transport network in Terengganu. As far as real-world cities are concerned, the Penambang Boat process is important for each running waterway to increase energy efficiency and reduce pollution. This research study is to define and validate the parameters of this driving cycle and to develop the Penambang Boat driving cycle on the Kuala Terengganu River throughout its operation path, to analyze fuel economy and emissions using Advance Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR) software. Through the analysis of energy consumption and emissions, the last two of the micro trips were chosen and the real driving cycles are developed. The results show that the fuel consumption is 8.7 l/100km, the CO emission is 3.479 g/km, the HC emission is 3.718 g/km and lastly the NOx emission is 0.003 g/km. Penambang Boat has been shown the needs to reduce the power consumption and thus minimize the impacts on the environment and economy.
Modeling and Simulation of an Energy Management System for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Recreational Boat (PHERB) using Penambang Boat Driving Cycle
Authors: Salisa A.R. , Shahiran E.A.E.S , Norbakyah J.S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to ensure that the vehicle achieve an improvement in energy efficiency, reduction in emissions and fuel use, the good energy management system needed. This paper presents an innovation of water transportation namely Plug-in Hybrid Electric Recreational Boat (PHERB) on modeling and simulation results of an energy management strategy (EMS) for PHERB. In this work, firstly, through a power flow analysis, the vehicle components are sized to meet the expected power and energy requirements. Then, the model is tested numerically in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment using the Penambang Boat drive cycle with the proposed EMS. The simulation results show that the PHERB model can be used as a reference to build a hybrid electric boat in Malaysia environment.
Study the Influence of Distance in Artificial Potential Field (APF) for Autonomous Emergency Braking System (AEB) on Longitudinal Motion
Authors: Abdullah Z , Heerwan P M , Izhar I M , Zakaria M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) is one of the common control systems used by the vehicle in order to avoid the collision from the obstacle. AEB performance optimize mostly on dry road surface at low and medium speed. The slip tire model was derived in this paper in order to find the coefficient of road friction. The tire-road friction coefficient is used for the braking limit which is 450 N.m. In order to increase the ability of an AEB during presence of obstacle in front of the vehicle, combination of Time-to-Collision (TTC) and artificial potential field (APF) are proposed in this study. When the APF value was surpassed the threshold distance, the AEB will activate by itself. The limit for APF was designed based on assuming the dry road friction (0.9) condition and with present of static obstacle in front of the vehicle in longitudinal lane. Thus, the AEB system was designed considering on the dry road friction condition, time for Front Collision Warning (FCW)as well as Braking was included for the limit APF is developed. The combination of an additional distance with the maximum safety distance in the APF system will create the minimum safe distance from obstacle which is in the range of 2.0 meter after the vehicle stop entirely. The additional distance is influence by the product of the constant time setting which is t_s1 and t_s2 with current velocity. Then, the simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can adapt to the dry tire-road friction coefficient on the road.
Smart driving assistance system using Raspberry Pi and actuator networks
Authors: Ghani Saiful Anwar Che , Kettner Maurice , Aslan Ferhat , Dzharuddin Fatimah , Sazali Norazlianie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Testing and certification of vehicles in succession to their development are usually achieved on chassis dynamometer testbeds. This paper proposes the implementation of a smart real-time driving assistance system using cloud-computing, embedded tools and motorised actuator for vehicles with manual transmission powertrain under testing. For clutch actuation of the vehicle, a robotic leg actuator connected to a high torque stepper motor is controlled by Python code programmed on Raspberry Pi 4, linked through a smart network for remote controlling of the system via a user interface dashboard and digitalized working system so as to employ data connectivity through cloud-computing. By applying this network structure, the implementation functionality of smart driving assistance system using free cloud infrastructure is investigated, when the hardware is setup in Malaysia, whilst the control is from Germany. The framework that governs this prototype involves different domains of engineering such as data processing, manufacturing, mechanics, networking, embedded systems and actuators is able to be utilised in smart driving assistance system for car tested on a chassis dynamometer with latency of less than 1 s.
Solar PV Microgrids Implementation model: A case study of Local Self Governments in the Indian State of Kerala
Authors: Ajithgopi  , Sudhakar K. , Keng Ngui Wai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The State of Kerala in Southern part of India has significant potential for generation of power from renewable energy sources, especially solar energy. Most of the PV projects in the State are being implemented on roof-tops due to the unavailability of land area in the densely populated State for large utility scale PV power plants. The concept of implementing Solar PV projects by empowering Local Self Governments has been explained in this paper by illustrating the case study of the Indian State of Kerala. The respective Local Self Governments like Municipal Corporations are playing a key role in Kerala in this decision-making process to accomplish model carbon free solar communities by installing Solar Photovoltaic Projects. The requirement of local beneficiary will be analysed by local trained experts and feasibility study will be conducted for the beneficiary communities involving residential buildings, local industries and commercial institutions and educational institutions and the PV projects will be implemented utilising the local E.P.C players. Local Self Governments like Municipal Corporations were empowered to plan, formulate and implement their own Solar Photovoltaic Projects. This approach is being implemented in Kerala resulting in solar electrification of local communities/institutions through the decentralised approach. This created a new business model at the local level involving trained manpower and supply chain for meeting the Local Self Government targets for new PV projects in order to achieve the targets of carbon free communities.
Controlling motion of metal bascule structures by fluid power system (exemplified by lifting of bascule bridge span)
Authors: Ashcheulov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the dynamics of power processes upon motion of bascule metal structures peculiar for many lifting heavy-duty mechanisms. Due to the forces of inertia, during the acceleration of the mechanism with a load, fluctuations in power parameters occur: efforts; stress; pressures that can lead to the destruction of the metal structures of machines. Due to high alternating load oscillations, the working capacity of machinery decreases about 3 times, herewith, this problem is traced for machinery in various industries. Using the motion of large-tonnage span of bascule bridge as the example, at the design stage it is proposed to apply simulation modeling in order to determine optimum law of drive control, in particular: the law of variation of flow rate in fluid power systems. The article presents the results of simulation of hydraulic lifting mechanisms of a single-wing bascule bridge. Two basic algorithms of proportional control are considered: by the form of the function in the form of a trapezoid and by the form of the cosine function. The results indicate the possibility of significantly reducing the amplitude of fluctuations in load parameters during acceleration of mechanisms and, thereby, to increase the service life of heavy machines. To achieve such results, it is recommended to change the existing algorithms for automatic control of the speed of the mechanisms of heavy machines. Despite the fact that this issue has been studied quite well in cybernetics, it still remains relevant in applied technical specialties, in the design of modern heavy machines. In project organizations, along with constructive design methods, digital, computational design methods should be actively developed.
Evaluation of significance of control directives for software errors detection in functional programming of on-board computers
Authors: Drabov V A , Romanova N V , Novikova T S , Vernigor A V , Rekovets A V , Ptitsyna N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modern farm machinery is equipped with on-board computers that execute complicated tasks. The main efforts are aimed at selecting and justifying methods for adequate hardware-software translation of functional programming from one computer system to another, while increasing its stability to failures of computer hardware. The development of approaches to the selection of procedures for detecting errors determines the degree of their relative information value when analyzing the programs progress. As it follows from the analysis of error types in functional programming, it is established that errors occur at the stages of forming the technical task, when developing algorithms, when programming, and when configuring programs. Errors have different frequency and different weight in terms of the impact on the functioning of on-board computers used in agricultural machinery. The article contains a detailed list of errors that must be detected when debugging working programs of on-board computers. Based on expert assessments, the errors are divided into 33 different types and formed into 6 groups. By combining errors, it is possible to minimize the time spent on performing static debugging of the functional programming of on-board computers. Using the hierarchy analysis method, matrices of paired comparisons of control directives with error types in each group are formed. Thus, the relationship between groups of errors, control directives, and values of error types is established. The first thing, programs debugging is performed using the control directives that have the highest degree of significance, since they can be used to identify and eliminate the most dangerous errors.
Simulation of internal forces of a cantilevered beam with a moving load
Authors: Kudryavtsev E , Jafari M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The simulation of cantilevered beam internal forces in any beam section with a moving load is presented. The processes of analytical and computer modeling of the structural analysis are provided depending on the location of the moving load. The cantilevered beam in this article can be a schematic for a gantry crane or an overhead crane with a moving trolley. These calculations are not only very useful for cranes, but also all kinds of bridges and trusses with a moving load. The mathematical model is provided and numerically solved in Mathcad software. As a result of the study, the program effectively determines the internal forces in any beam section depending on the location of the moving load. The proposed procedures will reduce the time and cost of conceptual and detailed design very easily when the beam parameters change, which is useful for optimization studies.
Modelling of operator walking with a load of industrial exoskeleton
Authors: Jatsun S F , Yatsun A S , Saveleva E V , Fedorov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The proposed article is based on mathematical models of study and development setting up computational experiments of a person using an exoskeleton walking with a load process. The development and study of anthropomorphic robots’ dynamics involves the systematic approach and use of mathematical modelling methods, the automatic control theory apparatus, which makes it possible to study a complex object as a whole and also consideration of the totality of human-machine system elements, united by diverse and multi-level types of connections, as an integral object. The research objectives are the development of mathematical models describing the process of operator-exoskeleton interaction, as well as the development of a three-link mathematical model of the exoskeleton - operator system. The development of a motion control strategy when walking allows obtaining time dependences of state vector parameters changes. Mathematical models describing the process of operator and the exoskeleton interaction are being developed. The research is based on the original three-link mathematical model of the exoskeleton-operator system proposed in the paper. The original method based on interpolation, experimentally obtained data and dynamic analysis of the operator-exoskeleton system behaviour is applied. In the course of numerical modelling, time diagrams of the hinge-mechanical system torques in the process of lifting loads were obtained. Basing on the results of mathematical modelling of an operator’s walking with a load in an industrial exoskeleton, the conclusions about the possibilities of an active gravitational compensator in the hip joint are obtained.
Optimization of acoustic profiler characteristics in the scope of underwater archeology and monitoring of underwater engineering objects
Authors: Kirichenko I A , Starchenko I B , Vishnevezkiy V Y , Markolia A I , Sizov I I , Strochan T P 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of optimizing the characteristics of acoustic profiler with parametric transmitting array in the scope of underwater archeology and monitoring of underwater engineering objects, the results of theoretical studies of the influence of real conditions on the work of parametric hydro-acoustic systems and of the marine soils and bottom sediments features are presented. The necessary amplification range of the receiving path is estimated to compensate for losses during acoustic wave propagation in water and for the most common types of marine sediments: "coarse sand" and "sandy-silty clay". The necessary acoustic power is justified for the given values of the central pump frequency of the parametric profiler and the difference frequency. The most efficient penetration into the marine sediments which was commonly sand and silt occurred at 10-20 kHz of difference frequency. Penetration of frequencies higher than 20 kHz is not effective due to great power losses. The minimal gain of receiving unit must be at least 40 dB. Design and construction of parametric profiler was suggested. Main units were proposed according to the theoretical investigation. In the whole parametric arrays and hydro-acoustical devices with them occurred very effective in subbottom profiling. Small overall dimensions as was shown in construction allow achieving high resolution. So their application is perspective especially in local underwater archeology using small vessels.
Improved design for accelerated consolidation of subgrade when building a highway on a weak base
Authors: Borychev S N , Popov A S , Koloshein D V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the design of the foundation of the subgrade of a motor road on a weak foundation (peat, sapropel) in difficult climatic and engineering-geological conditions. The features of physical and mechanical properties of soft soils imply the creation of non-typical design solutions using modern technologies and building materials. As a result, the theoretical studies of the processes of accelerated consolidation of weak soils were carried out and a design of the subgrade was proposed based on the use of electro-physical and filtration properties of various aggregates, namely the cathode layer (crushed stone from blast furnace coke or conductive coal), the drainage layer (sand) and the anode layer (crushed stone from dolomite limestone or basalt). The developed structure will allow reducing the consolidation time of a weak base and providing the necessary strength of the base by increasing shear resistance, which will increase the durability and reliability of the road, as well as reduce the technological construction time.