bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome evolution of the psammophyte
Pugionium
for desert adaptation and further speciation
Authors: Hu Quanjun , Ma Yazhen , Mandáková Terezie , Shi Sheng , Chen Chunlin , Sun Pengchuan , Zhang Lei , Feng Landi , Zheng Yudan , Feng Xiaoqin , Yang Wenjie , Jiang Jiebei , Li Ting , Zhou Pingping , Yu Qiushi , Wan Dongshi , Lysak Martin A. , Xi Zhenxiang , Nevo Eviatar , Liu Jianquan 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Plants’ adaptations to and divergence in arid deserts have long fascinated scientists and the general public. Here, we present a genomic analysis of two congeneric desert plant species that clarifies their evolutionary history and shows that their common ancestor arose from a hybrid polyploidization, which provided genomic foundations for their survival in deserts. The whole-genome duplication was followed by translocation-based rearrangements of the ancestral chromosomes. Rapid evolution of genes in these reshuffled chromosomes contributed greatly to the divergences of the two species in desert microhabitats during which gene flow was continuous. Our results provide insights into plant adaptation in the arid deserts and highlight the significance of polyploidy-driven chromosomal structural variations in species divergence.
Phase structures of neutral dense quark matter and applicationto strange stars *
Authors: Xu Shu-Sheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the contact interaction model, the quark propagator has only one solution, namely, the chiral symmetry breaking solution, at vanishing temperature and density in the case of physical quark mass. We generalize the condensate feedback onto the coupling strength from the 2 flavor case to the 2+1 flavor case, and find the Wigner solution appears in some regions, which enables us to tackle chiral phase transition as two-phase coexistences. At finite chemical potential, we analyze the chiral phase transition in the conditions of electric charge neutrality and

equilibrium. The four chemical potentials,

,

,

and

, are constrained by three conditions, so that one independent variable remains: we choose the average quark chemical potential as the free variable. All quark masses and number densities suffer discontinuities at the phase transition point. The strange quarks appear after the phase transition since the system needs more energy to produce a

-quark than an

-quark. Taking the EOS as an input, the TOV equations are solved numerically, and we show that the mass–radius relation is sensitive to the EOS. The maximum mass of strange quark stars is not susceptible to the parameter

we introduced.
1062 Are CT-KUB Requests Adequately Completed by Urologists in Emergency Settings?
Authors: Mubarak M , Awad N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Imaging requests are an essential communication tool between urologists and radiologists. Poorly completed request forms, especially in acute settings, directly translates to substandard patient care. We aimed to evaluate and improve our request completion practice in emergency settings.

Method
40 randomly selected CT-KUB images were reviewed to assess the completion of clinical background, question, patient data, location, and requester data. A multiple cycle audit followed by minor intra-departmental interventions were carried out over ten months to evaluate compliance. In December 2019, 55% and 52.5% of the requests lacked a good clinical history and question, respectively. The remaining three domains achieved the target of 100%. Subsequently, the literature and the audit data were shared and discussed, and a verbal agreement was made to improve practice.

Result
A re-audit revealed a 22.5% and 2.5% improvement in providing sufficient clinical background and questions. Findings were presented at an informal setting, and feedback was obtained on improving compliance. Simple posters or notices and occasional reminders were found as acceptable approaches. Following the implementation of feedback and orientation for joining junior doctors, a third audit cycle showed a significant improvement in compliance with 90% and 82.5%. A final cycle to assess the maintenance improvements in background and question provision was at a high of 97.5% and 90%.

Conclusions
CT-KUB request completion is essential in emergency settings to ensure optimal patient care. Improving compliance can be achieved using small interventions catered to the department, such as peer-to-peer discussions, reminder posters, and orientations.
1186 Audit Driven Standardisation Of Perioperative Risk Profiling in Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Muhammad K , Al-Khaffaf H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
It is a fundamental good clinical practice in our medicolegal rights era to obtain standard, adequate, and transparent informed consent before any planned intervention. Currently, there are neither national approved vascular intervention-specific consents nor explicit guidelines for it. We aim to achieve a standardisation of perioperative risk profiling of carotid endarterectomy consents and produce a model one.

Method
A retrospective analysis of 65 carotid endarterectomy consents (audit/reaudit) between (2016-2019) retrieved to evaluate quality and completeness against GMC 2008 guidance: "Consent: patients and doctors making decisions together". Data included basic consent requirements according to guidelines and speciﬁc risks of carotid endarterectomy. It was registered with the Trust Clinical Audit Department.

Results
(90%) audit vs (87%) reaudit consents documented the intended benefits of surgery. Inclusion into the National Vascular Registry (NVR) was achieved (0%) in audit vs (60%) in reaudit forms. Of the 14 documented postoperative complications, reaudit significant improvement observed in % of documenting 12 items with 6 complications recorded above 50%. The maximum number of audit documented risks was 11 (79%), the median 6 (43%), and the least was 3 (21%) compared to maximum 13 (93%), the median 7 (50%) and the least was 5 (36%) when reaudited, respectively.

Conclusions
Deficiencies in performing and adequately completing surgical consents still occur. Introducing a national pre-printed vascular intervention-specific consent is vital for accomplishing and maintaining a good clinical practice. It should include all complications with relative % risk to minimise errors, provide good quality consent, and promote clinical practice at a national level.
1333 A Retrospective Audit Against National Standards and Guidelines of The Management and Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis in A London District General Hospital
Authors: Tytler K , Nip L , Borg C M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially life-threatening condition. The audit looks at its management and compares it versus the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines.

Method
The study retrospectively assessed plans and results for patients with AP over 4 months. Targets were mortality rate below 10% (&lt;30% for severe cases), correct diagnosis at 48h from admission, ultrasound examination of the gallbladder within 24h of diagnosis, severity stratification within 48h of diagnosis, cause established in over 80%, management involving intensive care settings for severe cases and definitive treatment of gallstone pancreatitis in less than 14 days.

Results
34 patients were identified, 3(8.6%) had severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Mortality was 2.9% overall (33.3% in SAP). AP was diagnosed within 48h of presentation in all cases with severity stratification undertaken in 91.2%. Determination of aetiology was achieved in 82.4% with the rest documented as unknown/idiopathic/requiring further investigations post-discharge. Ultrasound studies were undertaken in 58.8% of cases but, as the hospital did not offer ultrasonography on the weekend, 41.2% actually had this type of imaging performed within 24h. Within those who did not have ultrasound at 24h, 50% had had computer tomography imaging. All SAP cases were discussed with intensivists and 7.1% of gallstone pancreatitis underwent definite treatment within 2 weeks.

Conclusions
Current practice in the hospital mostly meets the reference standards. However, the percentage undergoing definitive treatment of gallstone pancreatitis is low. We aim to re-audit in 4 months following meetings with local surgical leads to discuss implementation of a suitable pathway.
1541 Treating Patients with Respect: Assessing the Completion Rate of The ReSPECT Form for Patients Admitted to Hospital
Authors: Noshirwani A , Schrire T , Allon O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
To assess the current completion rate of the Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) form, and to identify ways to improve the completion rate for all inpatients under our care.

Method
All notes of admitted patients were reviewed for a completed ReSPECT form over a two-week period. Data was collected on whether a form had been completed and its respective fields. This was repeated in three cycles, introducing interventions between each cycle – trainee education and reminders were sent through our WhatsApp messenger group between cycles 1 and 2, and posters implemented between cycles 2 and 3.

Results
For cycle 1, out of 40 patient notes, 9 (22.5%) had a completed ReSPECT form. This increased to 25 out of 57 patients (43.9%) for cycle 2. Cycle 3 found 1 out of 16 patients (6.7%) had a completed ReSPECT form.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrated a significant deterioration in our compliance as a department. This could be due to a number of factors ranging from the coronavirus pandemic and staff redeployment to increased workloads, higher patient turnover, and new staff. In any outcome, the poster has proven to be ineffective. Whilst we identified that reminders via electronic message appear to have had an improvement, this has shown to be temporary, and may not be effective in busier times. As such, this audit has revealed a significant need for departmental change and to develop new strategies to improve compliance.
1542 An Audit of Rates of Lynch Testing in Confirmed Colorectal Cancer Cases
Authors: Cribb E , Liccardo F , Crisford S , Pawa N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
12% of cancers in the UK are colorectal in origin1 with 1-3% secondary to genetic mismatch repair due to Lynch syndrome2, for which the 2017 NICE guidance recommended that patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) be tested3. It increases the risk of developing other cancers such as endometrial, ovarian and small bowel1, changes the oncological treatment offered to CRC patients4,5, and prompts investigation of their relatives for the condition. In this audit we assessed our rates of trust wide Lynch testing.

Method
Patients with a diagnosis of CRC from 2017-2019 were identified from records held by our cancer services department. Histology results were obtained from an online results portal.

Results
345 were included in the analysis, 79% of which were tested for Lynch, with time taken from biopsy to results ranging from 2 to 276 days (average 45). 54% had results within 30 days, 34% between 30 and 90 days and 12% exceeded 90 days. There was no significant difference of Lynch testing rates between each year. The proportion of results returned within 30 days increased by year, with rates of 30% (2017), 55% (2018) and 71% (2019). The median days from biopsy to results also improved, from 39 to 28 and 16 days, respectively.

Conclusions
Rates and efficiency of our screening for lynch syndrome need improvement to meet the target suggested by NICE. The impact of the recent centralisation our regions pathology department on Lynch testing service provision requires further investigation.
1321 Repeat Colonoscopy: Incidence, Etiology, And Suggestions for Improvement
Authors: Bhatti K , Yousef H , Aung M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Colonoscopy is an invasive procedure. Repeating such a procedure has many implications in terms of risks, costs, increased workload and strains on hospital resources. The current study reports the incidence and aetiology of repeat colonoscopies and provides recommendations for improvement.

Method
The current study was conducted at North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC) hospitals over a period of 1 year (January 1st to December 31st, 2019). All patients with a label of “Repeat” by JAG software system, were included in the primary analysis. Patients with colonoscopy after 52 weeks of the index procedure, were excluded. Two authors manually assessed the validity of the data and determined “True repeat rate” and aetiology.

Results
During the study period, 4717 colonoscopies were performed, where 187 were recorded as a repeat. Manual validation showed that true repeat cases were 355/4717 (7.52%). Moreover, 5% of the system labelled cases where not true repeats rather were escalated from sigmoidoscopy to colonoscopy. Analysis of the first 1000 colonoscopies detected 72 cases. Male to female ratio was 47:25 with a mean age of 66.26 ± 11.75(SD). The causes included further management of polyps (n = 30); poor bowel preparation(n = 22); inability to proceed (n = 9); anticoagulation (n = 8) and others (n = 3). Subgroup analyses of the polyp group showed that the reasons for repeating colonoscopy in such cases were appropriate.

Conclusions
An operational definition of the ‘Repeat coloscopy’ should be clearly established. Although most of the repeat colonoscopies for “further management of polyps” are appropriate, repeat due to poor bowel preparation and anticoagulation are clearly preventable.
1579 Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the Suspected Colorectal Cancer Pathway at a District General Hospital
Authors: Connolly T , Nicoll J , Hall C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic the British Society of Gastroenterology and Joint Advisory Group on GI Endoscopy published guidance to halt all non-emergency endoscopy. As a result, CT was used as the first-line investigation with delayed completion endoscopy. We reviewed the efficacy of this change to determine its influence on future practice.

Method
All patients referred via the suspected colorectal cancer pathway (SCCP) to our district general hospital from 15/04/20-15/05/20 (during the initial COVID-19 lockdown) were included. Retrospective analysis of patient electronic records, radiology and endoscopy was performed. Results were analysed using χ² statistic. Significant incidental pathology was defined as non-colorectal pathology requiring referral to different speciality or further imaging.

Results
115 patients were included for analysis, mean age 68 years. 2/115 (1.7%) were found to have a colorectal malignancy on CT, with no further diagnoses following completion colonoscopy. CT imaging detected significant incidental pathology in 31/115 (27%). Subgroup analysis by presenting complaint showed significant pathology was most likely to be detected in those presenting with weight loss (13/36, 36.1%, p = 0.049) or anaemia (12/31, 38.7% p = 0.084).

Conclusions
CT is a valuable first-line investigation in SCCP patients. In this cohort, no colorectal malignancies were missed on CT that were later detected on endoscopy and 27% of scans detected significant non-colorectal incidental pathology. Weight loss was found to have a statistically significant correlation with incidental pathology. These findings suggest CT as a possible first-line investigation in patients presenting with weight loss, anaemia or in the event of delayed access to endoscopy.
Love and Imitation: Facial Mimicry and Relationship Satisfaction in Younger and Older Couples
Authors: Rohr Margund K , Salazar Kämpf Maike , Kunzmann Ute 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Social mimicry, the imitation of one’s conversation partner, is associated with empathy, liking, and affiliation. Because previous research has mainly focused on young adulthood and zero acquaintances, little is known about age differences in mimicry and its role in romantic relationships.

Methods
In this study, 37 younger and 41 older couples talked about an ongoing problem faced by one of the partners while being video-recorded. Three independent observers assessed partners’ facial mimicry. After the conversation, couples evaluated the quality of their relationship.

Results
Younger couples imitated each other more than older couples. The link between mimicry and relationship quality was mixed. While facial mimicry was not linked to subjective closeness in either younger or older couples, there was a significant positive association between mimicry and relationship satisfaction in young, but not older, couples.

Discussion
Overall, the results suggest that facial mimicry is a social process that becomes less prevalent and might differ in their function as individuals age.
PSIII-24 Poor gestational nutrition impacts sheep offspring growth but not feed efficiency
Authors: Tillquist Nicole M , Reiter Amanda S , Kawaida Mia Y , Smith Brandon I , Reed Sarah A , Zinn Steven A , Govoni Kristen E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on growth and feed efficiency of offspring. We hypothesized that body weights (BW) would decrease and residual feed intake (RFI) would increase (reduced feed efficiency) in offspring of restricted- and over-fed ewes. Forty-six multiparous Dorset ewes pregnant with twins were fed 100%, 60% or 140% of NRC requirements from d 30 of gestation until parturition. Offspring are referred to as CON (n = 10 ewes; 12 rams), RES (n = 13 ewes; 21 rams), and OVER (n = 16 ewes; 13 rams), respectively. Lamb BW were measured weekly from birth to d 28 and biweekly until d 252 of age. Starting at d 167±13.6, daily intake of a complete pelleted feed was recorded using a Super SmartFeed (C-lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) over a 77 d- feeding period. Average BW were taken two days before, at mid-point, and two days after the feeding trial period and RFI was calculated for each animal. Rams were euthanized at d 284±12 and body morphometrics, loin eye area (LEA), back fat thickness, and organ weights were collected. From birth to d 252, ram lambs were 5.4 kg heavier (P &lt; 0.001) than ewe lambs. Control ewe lambs were 4.3 kg heavier than RES and OVER (P &lt; 0.05) from birth to 9 months and CON rams were 4.7 kg heavier (P &lt; 0.01) than RES. Rams (-0.17) were more efficient than ewes (0.23; P &lt; 0.01); however, no dietary treatment difference was observed (P ≥ 0.57). No differences in muscle mass, LEA, and adipose deposition were observed (P ≥ 0.41). These data indicate that poor maternal diet during gestation impacts offspring growth but not RFI. Further investigation is warranted to determine if differences in BW are a result of metabolic alterations impacted by poor maternal nutrition during gestation.
PSII-4 Effect of increased ruminal propionate on the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic genes in cattle on a finishing ration
Authors: McConnell Hunter L , Rathert Abigail R , Foote Andrew P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to ascertain if supplementing calcium propionate (CaP) in varying amounts would result in the increased expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in the liver. The study utilized cannulated Holstein steers (n = 6) in a 3 × 6 Latin rectangle with three 15-d periods. The treatments were as follows: Control (no CaP), low propionate (100 g/d CaP), and high propionate (300 g/d CaP). The treatments were administered in halves twice a day through rumen cannulas. The steers were provided with ad libitum finishing ration, using Insentec feeders to record feed intake and unrestricted access to water. Liver biopsies were taken on d15 of each period, a day after a glucose tolerance test, and flash frozen. RNA was extracted from the liver tissue, reverse transcribed for cDNA, and analyzed through quantitative real-time PCR. Five target genes involved in gluconeogenesis were analyzed and included solute carrier family 16 member 1 (SLC16A1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), and solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2). Data were analyzed using a mixed model with treatment, period, and their interaction included as fixed effects and steer as a random effect. There was no treatment effect on hepatic gene expression (P ≥ 0.57). SLC16A1 showed a negative, correlation with d7 plasma lactate concentration (r = -0.84, P &lt; 0.001) and a negative relationship with fasting plasma lactate concentration (r = -0.55, P = 0.028). SLC2A2 tended to show a positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.44, P = 0.09), fasting plasma lactate concentration (r = 0.43, P = 0.09), and glucose area under the curve (r = 0.46, P = 0.07). These data indicate that increased propionate may not have an impact on hepatic gene expression.
Trabectedin for recurrent WHO grade 2 or 3 meningioma: A randomized phase II study of the EORTC Brain Tumor Group (EORTC-1320-BTG)
Authors: Preusser Matthias , Silvani Antonio , Le Rhun Emilie , Soffietti Riccardo , Lombardi Giuseppe , Sepulveda Juan Manuel , Brandal Petter , Brazil Lucy , Bonneville-Levard Alice , Lorgis Veronique , Vauleon Elodie , Bromberg Jacoline , Erridge Sara , Cameron Alison , Lefranc Florence , Clement Paul M , Dumont Sarah , Sanson Marc , Bronnimann Charlotte , Balaná Carmen , Thon Niklas , Lewis Joanne , Mair Maximilian J , Sievers Philipp , Furtner Julia , Pichler Josef , Bruna Jordi , Ducray Francois , Reijneveld Jaap C , Mawrin Christian , Bendszus Martin , Marosi Christine , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Coens Corneel , Gorlia Thierry , Weller Michael , Sahm Felix , Wick Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
No systemic treatment has been established for meningioma progressing after local therapies.

Methods
This randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase II study included adult patients with recurrent WHO grade 2 or 3 meningioma. Patients were 2:1 randomly assigned to intravenous trabectedin (1.5 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) or local standard of care (LOC). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints comprised overall survival (OS), objective radiological response, safety, quality of life (QoL) assessment using the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 questionnaires, and we performed tissue-based exploratory molecular analyses.

Results
Ninety patients were randomized (n = 29 in LOC, n = 61 in trabectedin arm). With 71 events, median PFS was 4.17 months in the LOC and 2.43 months in the trabectedin arm (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42; 80% CI, 1.00-2.03; P = .294) with a PFS-6 rate of 29.1% (95% CI, 11.9%-48.8%) and 21.1% (95% CI, 11.3%-32.9%), respectively. Median OS was 10.61 months in the LOC and 11.37 months in the trabectedin arm (HR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.54-1.76; P = .94). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 44.4% of patients in the LOC and 59% of patients in the trabectedin arm. Enrolled patients had impeded global QoL and overall functionality and high fatigue before initiation of systemic therapy. DNA methylation class, performance status, presence of a relevant co-morbidity, steroid use, and right hemisphere involvement at baseline were independently associated with OS.

Conclusions
Trabectedin did not improve PFS and OS and was associated with higher toxicity than LOC treatment in patients with non-benign meningioma. Tumor DNA methylation class is an independent prognostic factor for OS.