bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of waste processing potential in Gunung Putri District, Bogor Regency
Authors: Fitri N U , Indrawati D , Ratnaningsih  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The increase in waste generation in Gunung Putri Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, causes an increased burden at the Landfill Site (TPA). One of the efforts to reduce the burden of Landfill Site (TPA) is to maximize the Waste Processing Site (TPS) by applying the circular economy concept. This study aims to analyze the generation, composition, and potential of waste processing to have economic value. The sampling method used is a combination of purposive sampling and stratified random sampling. The results showed that with a population of 304,672 people and a waste generation rate of 0.48 kg/person/day, it is estimated that the waste generation in Gunung Putri District is 147,156.58 kg/day. The waste material in Gunung Putri Subdistrict consists of 52.86% organic waste components and 47.14% non-organic waste. Organic waste is dominated by food waste by 50.38%. From the results of the characteristic test of the waste, it is known that the water content is 63.16%, the ash content is 29%, the C/N ratio is 7.03%, and the calorific value of the waste is 1.924 kcal/kg by considering the amount of generation, composition, and characteristics of waste, which are then used with standards or criteria for waste processing technology from various references. Organic waste in Gunung Putri Subdistrict has good potential to be processed using the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) and organic waste processing with Peuyeumisasi Method (Biodrying) and recycling for non-organic waste.
Estimating backyard waste burning emission: A case study of Tembalang Campus, Diponegoro University
Authors: Sutrisno E , Ramadan B S , Huboyo H S , Ikhlas N , Karmilia A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study analyzes the distribution and amount of CO, CO2, HC, and NOx gas emissions resulting from the open burning of backyard waste in Diponegoro University. The burned waste sample is taken from surrounding environment of Diponegoro University (Tembalang Campus) by taking 4 random samples (3 kg each). Emissions from CO, CO2, HC, and NOx gases were obtained from the 24 minutes combustion test. Furthermore, the gaseous pollutant emitted is measured using a gas analyzer. The burned waste comprised 73.77% of organic waste, 17.45% of plastic; 4.33% of paper; and 4.45% of other waste. The emission test results show that the highest CO, CO2, HC, and NOx emissions have occurred at 14, 20, 18, and 18 minutes, respectively. The combustion test reveals that an enormous amount of CO, CO2, HC, and NOx gas is emitted during uncontrolled waste burning. Because backyard wastes burning produce significant gaseous pollutants, several efforts are needed to reduce this practice.
Assessment of domestic waste management in Demak Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Syafrudin  , Ramadan B S , Nugraha W D , Samudro G , Ardiana R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increasing the amount of waste generation is a problem in every city. This research aims to know the waste transportation and management system to analyze its compliance with the applicable national and local regulations in Indonesia. Demak Regency produced 208 kg/day of waste which this number represent 35.18% of waste generated in Demak Regency from domestic and non domestic sector. The waste is transported and not sorted at sources, as the same with many other cities in Indonesia. Therefore, a proper waste management system is needed for Demak Regency that includes five aspects, which include technical, institutional, financial, regulation, and community aspects. The Environmental Agency of Demak Regency is the institution in charge of waste management in Demak Regency. The analysis shows that improvements are needed to achieve appropriate waste management system in Demak Regency. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve waste management in the Regency, for example, by improving technical performance, human resources, and promoting community-based waste management in the studied area.
Heavy metal removal and acid mine drainage neutralization with bioremediation approach
Authors: Sihotang M S M , Rinanti A , Fachrul M F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mining Industry can improve the national economic situation; however, it also can damage the environment, mainly because of its wastewater that contains heavy metal and acidic solid compounds. When exposed to free air, sulfide minerals can be naturally oxidized and create acid mine drainage (AMD), a highly acidic waste that can mobilize heavy metals towards the environment. This literature study will discuss practical and sustainable biological processing to remove AAT. Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) were isolated from AMD polluted soil and grown inside an AMD-containing batch reactor. The environmental conditions (temperature, AMD concentration, SRB concentration, and contact time) were controlled during this research. The implementation of pH sampling was conducted every day, and the heavy metal final result was measured with an Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Spectrophotometry or ICP-OES. SRB produced Hbiogenic2S that reacts with heavy metal and creates metal sulfide sediment. The remediation process by SRB will create biogenic alkalinity as an SRB side product that plays a significant role in neutralizing acidic water. Remediation is also influenced by organic compounds such as animal waste, rice, hay, or coconut husks. In this research, SRB plays a significant role as biosorbent that utilizes organic compounds as electron sources. The iron removal efficiency in AMD reached 96% and occurred on a contact time of 144 hours. To reach similar efficiency removal on a pilot scale, we planned AMD bioremediation on a tube-shaped reactor with 7.3m3 with 3.5 m height and 0.88 of each reactor radiuses. This bioremediation study has provided an alternative solution for environmental management quality due to AAT pollution in water and groundwater around mining areas.
Desiccation cracks behaviour of leachate in bentonite - zeolite composite liner
Authors: Wardhana I W , Budihardjo M A , Istirokhatun T , Ikhlas N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study tested desiccation crack potential and migration of metals through pure bentonite and bentonite-zeolite composites to determine the best composition of the composite liner. Pure bentonite (B) and bentonite-zeolite composites of 2% (B2), 5% (B5), and 8% (B8) were used as controlled variables. The results showed that the addition of zeolite could not minimize the desiccation behavior in the liner. The value of crack intensity factor (CIF) of each sample B, B2, B5, and B8 was 3.44%, 3.51%, 3.58%, and 3.64%, respectively, indicating a moisture content of 29.95%, 34.54%, 30.88%, and 28.21%, respectively.
Aerobic stability of alfalfa silage and methods of its improvement
Authors: Pobednov Yu A , Mamaev A A , Osipyan B A , Yu Laptev G , Yildirim E A , Ilyina L A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Alfalfa is a non-silage crop, the silage of which became possible after the effect of drying was detected. A special feature of alfalfa is the intensive proteolysis that occurs during silage, and the prolonged development of undesirable microflora due to the slow acidification of feed. The objective of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of Biotrof, Biotrof 111, Biotrof 2+ and Biotal Axfast NS Gold in the silage of dried (37.07% SV) alfalfa mass. It was found that the use of these drugs contributed to the rapid acidification of feed to a pH of 3.97-4.08, against a pH of 4.96 in silage without additives, which led to the suppression of the vital activity of undesirable bacteria, a decrease in the breakdown of nutrients to gaseous products by 1.7-2.3 times and the accumulation of ammonia by 1.5-4.0 times. Due to the high resistance of alfalfa silage to aerobic spoilage, the use of bacterial preparations did not lead to an improvement in the aerobic stability of the silage, but by restraining the development of some yeasts, including pathogenic ones, and fungi of the Aspergillus sp. species, it helped to improve the sanitary status of the feed. Yeasts of the genera C. gattii and D. hansenii serve as marker organisms, an increase in the number of which indicates the occurrence of aerobic spoilage in the feed.
Alfalfa breeding to increase productivity, disease resistance
Authors: Solozhentseva L F , Piskovatsky Y M , Lomov M V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The cultivation of alfalfa varieties that are relatively resistant to the effects of negative biotic and abiotic environmental factors sharply reduces crop losses and the cost of forage. Work on the study of productivity, disease susceptibility of alfalfa, longevity, as well as the creation of a promising source material has been carried out by us for more than 30 years under natural conditions and against an artificial background, in clean sowing and in a grass mixture, on acidic soils and at normal acidity. Long-term work made it possible to identify and create in this culture sources of resistance to fusarium, brown spot with increased productivity and use them in further breeding work.
Testing of silos from legume-cereal grass mixtures and feed additives in the feeding diets of dairy cows
Authors: Kosolapov Vladimir , Sharifyanov Bilus , Ishmuratov Khalif , Kosolapova Valentina , Andreeva Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The production approbation of silos prepared from legume-cereal grass mixtures with the use of an unconventional feed crop – eastern goat and preserved with Biosib biopreparation in experimental versions was carried out. The chemical composition and nutritional value of feed were determined, the structure of feeding rations was calculated, the dose of the energy feed additive was determined. In the balance experiment, the digestibility of the main nutrients of feed was calculated, the hematology of blood was studied. The productivity, costs of concentrated feed and energy for the production of 1 kg of milk are estimated, the main physical, chemical and technological properties of milk from the point of view of butter production are studied, the economic efficiency of using silos in the feeding rations of dairy cows is established.
Evaluation of cereal forage grasses and forages from them according to the content of protein insoluble in acid detergent
Authors: Kosolapov V M , Khudyakova Kh K , Kosolapova V G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The nitrogen content was determined in acid-detergent fiber (ADF) isolated from awnless rump, meadow fescue and meadow timothy, depending on the phase of their the same phases are for silage and haylage. Samples for analyzes were dried at a temperature of 60-65 ° C. As the grasses grew, an increase in the content of CDC in them was observed, which was also accompanied by an increase in ADF from the phase of entering the tube to flowering in timothy grass - from 1.18 to 1.36%, in meadow fescue - from 0.96 to 1.58 5%. When preserving grasses, an increase in the content of CDC is observed in all phases of their growth as compared to the original grass, but the mass fraction of ADF in the dry matter of silage and haylage was no more than in the original grass. If the technology of harvesting silage and haylage is observed, the level of thermal damage to these forages does not increase. With the growth of grasses from the vegetative phase to flowering, the content of SP in grasses and forages from them decreases, while the proportion of ADF in it increases. The inverse relationship between these indicators had correlation coefficients of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 for grasses, silage and haylage, respectively. The need to harvest them in earlier phases of growth is noted.
Evaluation of breeding material of awnless rump (Bromus inermis Leyss.) For productivity in agrophytocenoses mixed with alfalfa
Authors: Zolotarev V N , Saprykin S V , Ivanov I S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, the tendency of climate aridization has been increasing in the main agricultural regions. This has a negative impact on the productivity of agricultural crops. In this regard, an important task is to identify the most tolerant to changing conditions species and varieties of forage grasses with the most adaptive potential, the cultivation of which will make it possible to compensate for extreme manifestations of climatic changes. Awless rump (Bromus inermis Leyss) is one of the most widespread and long-term forage perennial grasses that grow in almost all areas where grasses are possible. This crop can be used in fodder production for hay and pasture use, as well as hay and bulky canned fodder. However, the forage productivity of awnless rump has increased insignificantly over the past 50 years, which is explained by insufficient selection. Traditionally, the breeding and evaluation of new varieties of rump was previously carried out in its single-species crops. To increase the efficiency of the economic use of herbs, it is necessary to reorient breeding programs to develop new highly productive varieties with increased resistance to a complex of factors of biotic, abiotic and operational stress. Phytocenotic breeding is an important aspect of the biogeocenotic approach to the breeding of awnless rump. Creation of a new starting material of rump, with increased phytocenotic plasticity, will significantly increase the productivity of grass mixtures based on this culture. As a result of selection work, samples with high complementarity were obtained in grass mixtures with alfalfa varia (Martyn) Arcang.)
Meadows and pastures in the agricultural landscapes of the Karelian province of the Middle Taiga zone of the North-West of Russia
Authors: Trofimov I A , Trofimova L S , Yakovleva E P , Teberdiev D M , Kutuzova A A , Sabitov G A , Provornaya E E , Zhezmer N V , Karimov R R , Sedova E G , Shchannikova M A , Zapivalov S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to take into account the territorial differences of natural and economic conditions, to identify biological and ecological patterns, the agro-landscape and ecological zoning of natural forage lands (NFL) of the North-Western natural and economic region of the Russian Federation has been developed. The Karelian province occupies 23% of the area in the north of the Leningrad region, bordering Karelia and Finland. The Karelian province is located in the western part of the Middle Taiga zone, which is characterized by Eastern European Middle Taiga plains. Most of the area of the province (65%) is covered by forests. Agricultural land occupies only 4% of the total area of the province. Including arable land – 2%, hayfields and pastures – 1% each. The territory of the province is significantly moistened and swampy. Swamps occupy 11% of the area, under water – about 11%. Shrubs occupy 3% of the area of the province, other land – about 6%. The structure of NFL is dominated (53%) by normally moistened dry-grass grasslands on sod-podzolic soils. Fine-grained sweet-scented and finegrained grasslands with a large participation of various grasses are common. The yield of hay is 9–13 c/ha, feed is 70 c/ha. Grass-mixed grass and grass-sedge-mixed grass lowland and swampy meadows on swamp-podzolic soils occupy 44%. Grass stands with the dominance of the sod pike are common. Swampy depressions are occupied by large-seeded grass stands. The yield of hay is 10–15 c/ha, feed is 9–11 c/ha. The ecological state of the province’s landscapes is satisfactory-tense.
The significance of the spring durum wheat variety in the formation of yield and grain quality in the Southern Chernozems of the Orenburg region
Authors: Izbasarov D O , Yartsev G F , Baikasenov R K , Aysuvakova T P , Karta-bayeva B B , Tseiko V I , Kosolapov V M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wheat is a plastic crop and therefore occupies a huge area, spreading in the north to the cold pole (Verkhoyansk), and in the south - to the border of cultivation of cultivated plants. In some regions of Azerbaijan, it is sown in fields below sea level, and in Peru, it rises in the mountains up to 4000 m. Cultivation of wheat on a huge territory is possible due to the high adaptive properties of the culture, its resistance to frost and drought.
Almost half of the bread composition is represented by carbohydrates, in which starch takes the main place (up to 80%). Under the influence of enzymes, it is broken down to simple sugars that the body needs. The total digestibility of bread carbohydrates reaches 90-92%. The protein substances of bread are of the utmost importance, thanks to which a third of a person’s daily requirement is often covered in our diet. Bread is the main source of supply for the body with vitamins B1, B2, PP. It is rich in phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur.
Parameters of the optimal plant density of winter rape for successful overwintering in the Non-Chernozem zone
Authors: Volovik V T , Sergeeva S E , Prologova T V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To obtain high yields of winter rapeseed seeds in the Non-Chernozem zone, it is necessary to provide conditions for good wintering. The studies were carried out in order to establish the optimal plant density of the zoned variety Severyanin. It was found that when sowing in rows with a row spacing of 25 cm, winter rape plants develop better, form a rosette of leaves with a lower location of the growing point, form a smaller amount of aboveground mass per unit of roots, which increases the safety of plants in winter by 2.5-4.3%. period under extreme conditions. The study of the dynamics of the plant density of winter rapeseed at different seeding rates showed that during the growing season, self-thinning of cenosis occurs. On average, over the years of research, plants overwintered better in variants with a lower stand density. With an increase in the seeding rate, the completeness of seedlings, the safety of plants in the autumn period, overwintering and the safety of plants in the year of harvesting for seeds decreased.
The most optimal conditions for the preservation of plants for harvesting are provided at low seeding rates: with a row sowing with a row spacing of 25 cm with a seeding rate of 0.7-1.0 million pieces / ha, with an inter-row sowing (row spacing of 25 cm) - 0.5 million pcs / ha of germinating seeds: With the over-row sowing, the safety of plants for harvesting was higher than with the row method by 9-25%.
The Role Of Perennial Grasses In The Accumulation Of Organic Matter In Soil-Saving Agriculture
Authors: Cherniavskih V I , Dumacheva E V , Marinich M N , Sajfutdinova L D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the farms of the Belgorod region, a comprehensive study was conducted to assess the productivity of perennial grasses using soil-saving technologies in comparison with traditional methods of tillage. The results of the dispersion analysis showed that the value of the indicator of the total aboveground and underground productivity of perennial grasses significantly depends on the species composition of the grass stand. It was found that the difference between the site of a perennial fallow and fields with perennial grasses with the use of soil-saving technologies did not exceed 13.9% in terms of the total aboveground productivity. The aboveground productivity of alfalfa was significantly higher than in the control variant (fallow field) and in the experimental fields with soil conservation technologies – by 73.6 % and 101.6 %, respectively. The accumulation of underground mass in the fallow area and in areas using soil conservation technologies is approximately at the same level – 1.91 kg*(m) − 2 in the control and 1.85-2.25 (average 2.04) kg*(m) − 2 in soil-saving crop rotations. At the same time, the Cv in the control variant was 15.78 %, and in grass mixtures, respectively, it was at the level of 16.47 %; 18.74 % and 18.08 %. In alfalfa crops, the accumulation of mass in the underground layer was inferior to the control variant by an average of 27.2 %, and to soil conservation technologies-by an average of 31.9 %. Alfalfa crops, providing greater aboveground productivity, are more intensive in terms of production, but less effective means of increasing the content of organic matter in the soil compared to cereal-legume grass mixtures. In soil conservation agriculture, it is necessary to use cereal-legume grass mixtures as more natural-like, and to increase the intensification of agricultural production, alfalfa crops should be used.
Experience In Creating Artificial Forest Plants In The Territory Of Belgorod Region
Authors: Cherniavskih V I , Shchedrina J E , Golovkov A V , Dumacheva E V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experience of creating artificial forest plantations on the territory of the Belgorod region within the framework of the “Green Capital” project is considered. As part of the project, it was envisaged to create more than 100 thousand hectares of forest plantations on chalk slopes and erosion-hazardous areas of the region for 2010 - 2020, that is, bringing the forest cover of the region to 15% - the optimal value for the region. For the period 2010 - 2020 forest plantations were laid on the territory of more than 87.7 thousand hectares. For afforestation in the region, species are recommended that provide sustainable, durable and ecologically capacious afforestation: as the main species on chernozem soils: Quercus robur L., Q. rubra, Fraxinus excilsior L., Larix sibirica Ledeb .; on sandy soils - Pinus sylvestris L. Reforestation has been carried out since 2010 on the territory of 22 districts of the region. In 2016-2020 more than 6 thousand hectares of oak forests were created. As a result, the species Q. robur occupies an area of 22.2% of the area of artificial plantations; P. silvestris accounts for 13.2% of the area of artificial plantations in the oblast. Next in terms of planting volumes are such crops as A. hippocastanum, R. pseudoacacia and F. excélsior - 12.1%, 24.7% and 14.4%, respectively. The share of fruit crops, as well as B. pendula, A. platanoide, A. campestre, and U. laevis, is 11.7%.
New Microbiological Preparations For Soil Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Cherniavskih V I , Pravdin I V , Dumacheva E V , Tsugkiev  , Tsugkieva V.B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the system of soil-saving technologies, comparative tests of the effectiveness of the use of various biological products based on consortia of microorganisms, fungal cultures in the field were conducted, and their effectiveness was evaluated. We used the preparations “Nurse Mycorrhiza” (Russia), MycoCrop ® (Germany), a new drug of the “Biogor” series developed by the Scientific and Technical Center for Biological Technologies in Agriculture (NTC“BIO”) (Russia). The effectiveness of seed treatment with biological preparations is shown. Plants of spring wheat of the Darya variety, the seeds of which were treated with the preparation “Biogor”, had friendly aligned shoots, formed a better-developed root system, which later resulted in a significant increase in yield. The results of the dispersion analysis showed that the difference between the processing options is significant, and the processing by the “Biogor” consortium has a positive effect on the formation of grains in the ear, their mass, the mass of 1000 seeds, as well as on the yield of spring wheat in general. The use of a new preparation of the “Biogor” series, developed in LLC “STC “BIO” and containing a consortium of beneficial microorganisms, is promising for spring wheat: the weight of 1000 seeds increases by 13.5 %, the yield significantly increases by 12.5 %.