bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam Structure Using CFRP and CFRP Anchor
Authors: Ariyansyah R , Gunadi R , Reski I A , Rosanti I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Structural problems related to damage and failure of the buildings. Some methods have been commonly applied to enhance the capacity of a building structure through strengthening and repair by enlarging the dimensions of the structure, reinforcing it using steel plates, applying external pre-stressing, and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). CFRP is alternative material for reinforcing building structures. Unfortunately, debonding failure often occurs in the use of CFRP unless special treatment is applied for more optimal reinforcement capability. In this experimental study, CFRP with an anchor system made of CFRP was applied in concrete reinforcement. This experimental laboratory study was done through a series of scientific procedures to explain the problems and propose a proper solution. The test object in this study was a beam of 150 mm x 200 mm x 3200 mm size with a third point load. The variables in this study were different distances between anchors at 0.000 mm, 1200 mm, 800 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm. The results showed that the CFRP anchor applied within 1200 mm successfully increased the strength capacity by 33,910%. The use of anchor solved debonding problems regarding the use of CFRP. The use of CFRP anchors within 1200 mm distance was found as the most effective method in the use of anchors.
Prediction of Deflection of Single-pile Nailed-slab by Using the Allowable Equivalent Modulus of Subgrade Reaction in Case of Additional Modulus from Modified Hardiyatmo Method
Authors: Puri A , Oktavia F , Dharmowijoyo D B E , Ali M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction was proposed for analyzing the Nailed-slab Pavement System. This modulus is defined by accumulating the modulus of subgrade of the slab and the additional modulus of subgrade reaction which is contributed by a pile under the slab. The additional modulus can be defined by the Modified Hardiyatmo Method. The equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction only consideres a safety factor for additional modulus of subgrade reaction. In this research, a global safety factor will be considered for all modulus. This research is aimed to learn the prediction of the slab deflection by using the allowable equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction. The global safety factor was varied by 1.0; 2.0; 2.5; and 3.0. The slab deflection was calculated by using Beam on Elastic Foundation. Data of the nailed-slab and the soil were based on the previous researcher for a single pile nailed-slab model. Results show that the calculated deflection of the slab was in good agreement with the observed deflection. Increasing the global safety factor resulted in the over-estimated slab deflections. It means the design by using allowable equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction tends to result in a safety zone.
Performance Evaluation of Bus Network in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Using Macroscopic Simulation Model (VISUM)
Authors: Suryadwanti Novia , Ha Lee Seon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The problem of TransJoga as an alternative mode in Yogyakarta is the shortage of resources required for the optimum operation, thus there is a need for constant revision and enhancement of the transit system through performance evaluation. Main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of TransJogja from the government as the operator and the commuters as the passenger. Evaluation was done based on Origin-Destination matrix travel demand in Yogyakarta. The existing network was modelled with traffic macrosimulation VISUM software. Headway-based assignment procedure was used to model TransJogja passengers travel behaviours. Assignment calibration using TFlowFuzzy was done to produce model that can represent the existing condition the best. The results revealed that network of TransJogja has decent coverage and accessibility. However, it has low frequency and low passenger demand, thus effects in very low productivity and line efficiency. There is a long waiting time from and to line 8 (feeder line) with a waiting time up to 19 – 20 minutes in the morning rush hour and 16-20 minutes in the afternoon rush hour. All line routes have smaller number of average passenger volume than the required number due to low demand or low passenger turnover rate.
The Study of Adding Left Turn Lanes Effectiveness at Signalized Intersection with PKJI 2014 (Case Study Sarwo Edhie Wibowo-Sudirman Signalized Intersection, Magelang, Indonesia)
Authors: Puspitasari Evi , Eka S Ayu Rizka , Sudarno  
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The signalized intersection on the case study area continued getting worse in recent times due to the increasing traffic volume. To increase the level of service, treatment is carried out by adding a special left turn lanes of Sarwo Edhi Wibowo Street (named sodetan road). The research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of adding left-turn lane to increase the intersection capacity. Analysis method using Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesi (PKJI) 2014. Based on the analysis results, the snooze value and queue length decreased in the observation area (sodetan road), but the decrease in the average delay value of all approach lanes was not significant enough. Unfortunately, the level of service with or without the new road has not changed, still worse (F). Widening road in the form of the addition of sodetan road at this signalized intersections turns out not to be very effective in solving congestion problems. This research is expected to be a recommendation for related agencies in improving the performance of the signalized intersection and can be considered in the development of policies related to the effectiveness of widening the road or adding lanes at other intersections in reducing congestion at intersections.
Numerical Modeling of The Effects of Reclamation and Proposed Infrastructures on Thermal Dispersion of Power Plant Wastewater at PLTGU Muara Karang, Jakarta Bay
Authors: Khoirunnisa H , Wibowo M , Gumbira G , Hendriyono W , Karima S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reclamation plan in Jakarta Bay close to the power plant cooling water discharge location. It will affect hot water distribution system and possibly increase water temperature around the power plant intake location. The increase in water temperature at the intake location will disrupt the operation of the power plant. The impact of hot water discharge to the intake location can be reduced by extending the intake channel and building barrier walls as planned by the Muara Karang Power Plant. Modeling is done with 3 scenarios, namely the existing condition, the existence of the reclamation island, and the proposed infrastructure around the power. This modeling aims to determine the effect of the reclamation island on heat distribution, especially around the intake location and the effectiveness of the infrastructures in minimizing the problem. Simulation for the east and west monsoons is done in 3 dimensions with MIKE3 Flow Model FM (DHI) by applying temperature function. Overall, the presence of reclamation island will increase the average temperature at the intake by 0.32 to 0.7°C compared to the existing conditions, and the proposed infrastructure is quite effective to reduce the temperature at the intake by 0.5 to 0.8°C.
Study on the Economic Feasibility of an Underwater-Sill (UWS) Development for Sediment Countermeasure at Patimban Port’s Navigation Channel
Authors: Suranto  , Istiyanto D C , Subarkah A , Widagdo A B , Murtiaji C , Hamid A , Aziz S A , Cholishoh E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A new international seaport is under construction at Patimban area of Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. This Port’s navigation channel runs from the position of –6m LWS to –17m LWS of the existing depth with total length of 3,762 m. The original design considers that the existing sedimentation rate is low along the channel. The Cipunagara River which shows continuous delta expansion of about 1.00m to 1.25m toward navigation channel. In reference to the successful application of Underwater-sill (UWS) structure in controlling the siltation rate into the navigation channel of Kumamoto Port in Japan and Tuban Port in East Java Indonesia, the possible application this type of structure was carried out. The calculation has resulted that installation of UWS with height of 1.0 m, 1.5m, 2.0 m, and 4.0 m respectively decrease the sedimentation rate to be 0.09 m per year, 0.06 m per year, 0.022 m per year and 0.022 m per year. The present economic feasibility study concluded that 2m height UWS which is designed for minimum service life of 30 years with development interest rate at 10 percent per year and an annual inflation rate at 10% gives the most economic investment.
Installation Assistance Repeated Processing Technology Septictank (RPS) in Pahandut Seberang Village, Palangka Raya City
Authors: Hamidah N , Garib T W , Nindito D A , Santoso M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe people of Pahandut Seberang Village have long lived on the Kahayan Riverside area. The characteristics of the settlements in Pahandut Seberang Village are floating houses and pillar houses, most of which are located above the water. The river is used for water transportation, fishing, fulfilling daily needs such as bathing, washing, and as a source of drinking water. The Kahayan River problem is also a place for disposal of waste from human activities such as household waste. Human waste is dumped directly into water bodies because the toilets of the pillar houses on the riverside do not have septic tank facilities. To solve the priority problems of Partners, a solution to assist the manufacture and installation of Repeated Processing Septic tank (RPS) Technology for pillar houses in Pahandut Seberang Village is needed. The goal is to provide sanitation problem solving for settlement in Pahandut Seberang Village through training on the construction and installation of RPS. The methods used qualitatively include: (a) Finding concrete problems and priorities: the existence of a toilet on pillar house without a septic tank; (b) Offering ideas, making RPS to settlement who are located on pillar houses on the riverside; (c) Making activity plans and work procedures, and d ) Inviting Partner participation by providing training (creating and installing RPS). A special target has been achieved by giving a pilot RPS to settlement of Pahandut Seberang Village, by facilitating a house on stilts with the RPS. Outputs in the form of RPS goods and products and their specifications.
A Reliability-based Optimization Model for Comprehensive Lightning Protection System Design
Authors: Zhang Zhirui , Zhang Li , Liu Xingdou , Zhao Tong , Zou Liang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Lightning strike is the main reason for the failure of overhead lines in distribution network, which seriously affects the reliability of power supply and power quality. The existing optimization research of lightning protection system(LPS) mainly focuses on a specific lightning protection method, and there are few kinds of research on comprehensive optimization methods among various lightning protection solutions. A model based on distribution network reliability index is proposed in this paper. In the model, mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is used to optimize the lightning protection measures of lightning rods, lightning wires and lightning arresters with different densities. The model considers the influence of arc over rate on the basis of related research and obtains a comprehensive optimization method of different protection measures acting on distribution lines. Taking an actual distribution network as an example, this paper applies the optimization model established to obtain the appropriate lightning protection measures for each line.
Inertia Evaluation for Power System Based on Quasi-Steady-State Data
Authors: Qin Hao , Cao Yongji , Zhang Hengxu , Gao Zhimin , Ma Huan , Yang Dong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the integration of renewable energy sources, the power system equivalent inertia has dropped significantly. It is urgent to conduct the online evaluation of inertia. Current inertia evaluation methods are mostly based on the rate of change of frequency under large disturbances. In order to evaluate inertia under quasi-steady-state operation, an evaluation method is proposed based on system identification. The monitoring data under the quasi-steady-state operating conditions of the power system is acquired through the synchronous phasor measurement units (PMUs). And the PMU data including frequency and active power under small disturbances are used for the quantitative evaluation of inertia. The WSCC 9-bus system is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Tensile behavior of environmental pollutant crumb rubber filled epoxy composites
Authors: Shahapurkar Kiran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tensile test is conducted on environmentally pollutant crumb rubber/epoxy composite. Crumb rubber particles with different volume fractions (10, 20 and 30%) are reinforced with epoxy matrix. Stress-strain curves reveal brittle fail for all the samples. Crumb rubber filled epoxy composites reveal higher modulus (13%–28%) and strength (28%–44%) than neat epoxy sample. Epoxy with 30 volume % of crumb rubber depicts higher modulus and strength compared with all other compositions, exemplifying use of crumb rubber for utilarian applications. Crumb rubber/epoxy composites register higher specific modulus and strength for all compositions in comparison with neat epoxy. Scanning electron micrographs of test samples are used to analyze property - composition correlations. Finally, property map is plotted to compare the results of present study with existing ones to highlight the efficacy of the proposed composites.
Study on electrochemical polishing of TC4 alloy
Authors: Wang Shan-Fei , Wang Yi , Wen Jia-Cheng , Suo Hong-Li , Liu Zhuang-Zhuang , Suo Wen-Hua , Zhao Cong-Cong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using an environmentally friendly acid-alcohol system solution for electrochemical polishing of 3D printed titanium alloy, a typical U-I polarization curve was obtained, and explained the mechanism of electrochemical polishing. In this paper, the influence of electrochemical polishing factors (electrolyte temperature, polishing distance, and polishing time) on the surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) was studied, and optimized the process parameters to obtain a surface roughness of 0.3 μm (1 mm × 1 mm). Electrochemical polishing can reach the level of mechanical grinding and polishing, meeting the requirements for subsequent assembly and use.
Large eddy simulation on the flow characteristics of an argon thermal plasma jet
Authors: ZHOU Xu , CHEN Xianhui , YE Taohong , ZHU Minming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Large eddy simulations based on the CFD software OpenFOAM have been used to study the effect of Reynolds number and turbulence intensity on the flow and mixing characteristics of an argon thermal plasma jet. Detailed analysis was carried out with respect to four aspects: the average flow field, the instantaneous flow field, turbulence statistical characteristics and the self-similarity. It was shown that for the argon thermal plasma jet with low Reynolds number, increasing the turbulence intensity will increase the turbulent transport mechanism in the mixing layer rather than in the jet axis, leading to the faster development of turbulence. The effect of the turbulent transport mechanism increases with increasing Reynolds number. However, the characteristics of flow and mixing are not affected by turbulence intensity for high Reynolds number situations. It was also found that the mean axial velocity and mean temperature in the axis of the turbulent thermal plasma jet satisfy the self-similarity aspects downstream. In addition, decay constant K is 1.25, which is much smaller than that (5.7–6.1) of the turbulent cold gas jet and has nothing to do with the Reynolds number or turbulence intensity in the jet inlet.
Demographic and lifestyle risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus in Australia
Authors: Wang Sabrina E , Kendall Bradley J , Hodge Allison M , Dixon-Suen Suzanne C , Dashti S Ghazaleh , Makalic Enes , Williamson Elizabeth M , Thomas Robert J S , Giles Graham G , English Dallas R 
Published: August 2021

Summary
We examined demographic and lifestyle risk factors for incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) in an Australian cohort of 20,975 participants aged 40–63 at recruitment (1990–1994). Information on GERD and BE was collected between 2007 and 2010. GERD symptoms were defined as self-reported heartburn or acid regurgitation. BE was defined as endoscopically confirmed columnar-lined esophagus. Risk factors for developing GERD symptoms, BE diagnosis, age at symptom onset, and age at BE diagnosis were quantified using regression. During a mean follow-up of 15.8 years, risk of GERD symptoms was 7.5% (n = 1,318) for daily, 7.5% (n = 1,333) for 2–6 days/week, and 4.3% (n = 751) for 1 day/week. There were 210 (1.0%) endoscopically diagnosed BE cases, of whom 141 had histologically confirmed esophageal intestinal metaplasia. Female sex, younger age, lower socioeconomic position (SEP) and educational attainment, and former smoking were associated with higher GERD risk. Male sex and smoking were associated with earlier GERD symptom onset. Men, older participants, those with higher SEP, and former smokers were at higher BE risk. There was some evidence higher SEP was associated with earlier BE diagnosis. GERD and BE had different demographic risk factors but shared similar lifestyle factors. Earlier GERD symptom onset for men and smokers might have contributed to higher BE risk. The SEP patterns observed for GERD and BE suggest potential inequity in access to care. These findings would be important in the development of clinical risk prediction models for early detection of BE.
Blow up and global solvability for an absorptive porous medium equation with memory at the boundary
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey R , Deng Keng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the characterization of global solvability versus blow up in finite time for a porous medium model including a balance of internal absorption with memory driven flux through the boundary. Such a boundary condition was previously investigated as part of a model for the transmission of tumour-released growth factor from the site of a pre-vascularized tumour up to and across the wall of a nearby capillary, initiating the process of new capillary growth known as angiogenesis. In previous studies of the model without absorption, we have established the characterization of global solvability in a manner that exactly parallels known results for the corresponding model with localized boundary flux conditions. To include models accounting for internal uptake of growth factor, this analysis has recently been extended to a heat equation with absorption, and herein, we consider the case of a porous medium equation with absorption. Conditions for global solvability emerge naturally out of integral estimates and again provide close parallels with results for localized boundary flux models. It is noted that the results provide a complete characterization in a wide range of models considered.
Leaf removal effects on light absorption in virtual Riesling canopies (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Bahr Christopher , Schmidt Dominik , Friedel Matthias , Kahlen Katrin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLeaf removal is a standard vineyard management technique to influence grape composition or to reduce disease pressure; however, the timing and intensity of leaf removal is a widely discussed issue. The interplay of different goals and effects over time does not make experimental studies any easier. To gain insight into positive and negative consequences of leaf removal on grapevine development, a first step can be to study how leaf removal affects the canopy’s light absorption using a dynamic model approach. Functional–structural plant models combine canopy architecture with physiological processes and allow analysing canopy interaction with the environment with great topological detail. The functional–structural plant model Virtual Riesling simulates Riesling vines in a vineyard set-up depending on temperature and plant management. We implemented leaf removal and applied this method in or above the bunch zone to compare the light absorption in canopies. Leaf removal in the bunch zone led to greater loss of absorbed light, but canopies of both scenarios could compensate for most of the loss during the simulation time frame. Compensation was mainly driven by lateral leaves closing the gaps induced by leaf removal and by leaves in the proximity of the leaf removal zones, re-exposed to light. Results showed similar effects as observed in in vivo studies; hence, we suggest extending these simulations to investigate other effects linked to light distribution such as berry sunburn. Simple modifications of implemented leaf removal techniques also allow for testing different application scopes and their impact on canopy light absorption.
Detecting diabetic retinopathy through machine learning on electronic health record data from an urban, safety net healthcare system
Authors: Ogunyemi Omolola I , Gandhi Meghal , Lee Martin , Teklehaimanot Senait , Daskivich Lauren Patty , Hindman David , Lopez Kevin , Taira Ricky K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Clinical guidelines recommend annual eye examinations to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes. However, timely DR detection remains a problem in medically underserved and under-resourced settings in the United States. Machine learning that identifies patients with latent/undiagnosed DR could help to address this problem.

Materials and Methods
Using electronic health record data from 40 631 unique diabetic patients seen at Los Angeles County Department of Health Services healthcare facilities between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017, we compared ten machine learning environments, including five classifier models, for assessing the presence or absence of DR. We also used data from a distinct set of 9300 diabetic patients seen between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 as an external validation set.

Results
Following feature subset selection, the classifier with the best AUC on the external validation set was a deep neural network using majority class undersampling, with an AUC of 0.8, the sensitivity of 72.17%, and specificity of 74.2%.

Discussion
A deep neural network produced the best AUCs and sensitivity results on the test set and external validation set. Models are intended to be used to screen guideline noncompliant diabetic patients in an urban safety-net setting.

Conclusion
Machine learning on diabetic patients’ routinely collected clinical data could help clinicians in safety-net settings to identify and target unscreened diabetic patients who potentially have undiagnosed DR.