bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Mechanisms Conferring Broad-Spectrum Insecticide Resistance in the Tropical Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Dang Kai , Doggett Stephen L , Leong Xin-Yeng , Veera Singham G , Lee Chow-Yang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The modern resurgence of the common (Cimex lectularius L.) and tropical bed bugs (C. hemipterus [F.]) is thought to be primarily due to insecticide resistance. While there are many reports on insecticide resistance mechanisms in C. lectularius, such information in C. hemipterus is limited. We examined dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), malathion, deltamethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin resistance, and the underlying mechanisms in several C. hemipterus strains (Australia: Queensland [QLD-AU]; Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur [KL-MY], Tanjung Tokong [TT-MY], Christian [CH-MY], and Green Lane [GL-MY]). We used a surface contact method, synergism studies (utilizing piperonyl butoxide [PBO], S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate [DEF], and diethyl maleate [DEM]), and molecular detection of kdr mutations. Results demonstrated that all C. hemipterus strains possessed high resistance to DDT and the pyrethroids and moderate to high resistance to malathion. Synergism studies showed that deltamethrin resistance in all strains was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) inhibited by PBO. In contrast, deltamethrin resistance was not affected in DEF or DEM. Similar findings were found with lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. Malathion resistance was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced by DEF in all strains. Resistance to DDT was not affected by DEM in all strains. Multiple kdr mutations (M918I, D953G, and L1014F) were detected by molecular analyses. TT-MY strain was found with individuals possessing three kdr mutation combinations; D953G + L1014F (homozygous susceptible: M918), M918I + D953G + L1014F (heterozygous resistant: I918), and M918I + D953G + L1014F (homozygous resistant: I918). Individuals with M918I + D953G + L1014F (homozygous resistant: I918) survived longer on deltamethrin (&gt;12 h) than those (≤1 h) with other combinations. M918I + L1014F mutations most likely conferred super-kdr characteristic toward pyrethroids and DDT in C. hemipterus.
Born Under a Bad Sign
Authors: Peterke Sven , Vasconcelos Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rio de Janeiro’s ‘war on drugs’ is notorious for its outrageous violence in the metropolis’ poorest neighbourhoods, the ‘favelas’, which are home to over a million people. Many of these favelas are under the rule of heavily armed drug gangs whose social and territorial control is only sporadically challenged by the state. The local government has increasingly opted for so-called ’incursions’ into these dangerous places, i.e., raid-like operations by special police units to arrest criminal suspects and confiscate weapons and illegal narcotic drugs. Whenever possible, these units are protected by armoured vehicles and ironclad helicopters with snipers on board. Routinely, this ‘war approach’ results in the use of lethal force and other traumatic incidents. More than once, Brazil has been internationally condemned for serious human rights violations in this particular context. Meanwhile, alarming references suggest that arbitrary killings and other inhumane acts have recently become widespread or even systematic, raising the question of whether there is a reasonable basis to believe that crimes against humanity have been committed. This article examines the crime’s contextual elements by focussing on the period of Federal Intervention into public security matters within the jurisdiction of the state of Rio de Janeiro (16 February 2018–31 December 2018).
Pooled procurement programme: efficiency and challenges in medicinal health care – perspectives from National Catholic Health Service in Ghana
Authors: Domfeh Kofi Ameyaw 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
This article explores the efficiency and the challenges of the pooled procurement programme (PPP) among National Catholic Health Service (NCHS) members using the stakeholder theory.

Method
This article used the qualitative research approach relying on a multiple case study design to conduct 20 in-depth interviews with respondents working within the health facilities and the secretariat of the NCHS.

Key findings
This article established that the PPP improved accessibility, quality, availability and ensured solidarity between the health facilities within the NCHS. This ensured efficient PPP management in the health facilities. Although a 30% reduction in the average cost of medicines was achieved in the first 3 years of the programme’s inception, prompt payment of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) could further drive down costs of medicines. Notwithstanding, there were other teething challenges such as inadequate consultation between the health facilities and the secretariat, inadequate physical structures, poor internet accessibility and inadequate coverage of the PPP.

Conclusion
The article contributes to medicine health services research literature in the context of using the PPP in Ghana in procuring medicines. This article suggests that monitoring and evaluation of the procurement procedures in the health facilities are critical in guaranteeing compliance with the pooled procurement guidelines by participating healthcare providers.
Analysis of whole-blood antioxidant capacity after chronic and localized irradiation using the i-STrap method
Authors: Sun Lue , Inaba Yohei , Sogo Yu , Morikawa Kumi , Kunugita Naoki , Chida Koichi , Moritake Takashi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure affects the redox state in vivo. Recently, whole-blood antioxidant capacity (WBAC) has been reported to decrease in a dose-dependent manner after acute total body irradiation (TBI). However, changes in WBAC after localized and chronic irradiations have not been reported. This study analyzed changes to WBAC in mice after either localized irradiation (irradiation of the left hind leg only) or chronic TBI using the i-STrap method. Leg-localized irradiation exerted limited effects on WBAC, while WBAC decreased in a dose rate-dependent manner after TBI. Further, the WBAC reached the minimum value in a shorter period at a smaller dose rate. Our results suggest that changes in WBAC do not directly reflect absorbed dose, but may reflect radiation-induced biological damage at the systemic level. This study will contribute to the understanding of radiation-induced injuries and diseases, and will facilitate the establishment of biomarkers for radiation exposure.
Living with a giant inguinoscrotal hernia for 35 years—a case report
Authors: Khatiwada Pradeep , Devkota Amrit , Panthi Sagar , Manandhar Srista , Sharma Dipendra , Chhetri Sunit , Ranabhat Chet Bahadur , Shah Suresh , Khanal Bhawani 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this modern era, giant inguinoscrotal hernias are very rare to experience in a medical career. We discuss a case of a 65-year-old man with a history of an inguinoscrotal hernia with progressive growth for the past 35 years. On examination, he had a 20 cm × 15 cm non-reducible swelling with multiple ulcers over the skin surface extending to the mid-thigh with otherwise no other bladder and bowel complications. These large hernias pose a different set of surgical problems. Open surgery was performed, hernial sac opened, contents reverted and left orchidectomy were done with scrotal reconstruction. The defect was closed with Vicryl 1-0 over the muscle layer and the skin was stapled. Daily wound care was provided. Besides, this case also compels us to explore possible reasons for the occurrence of such potentially dangerous surgical problems in low-to-middle income countries (LMIC).
Ovulation stigma and rupture of ovarian tunica albuginea in a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome (video)
Authors: Alhalabi Nawras , Alhalabi Mohammad Marwan , Alsamawi Sawsan , Alhalabi Marwan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 25-year-old patient was referred to the fertility clinic in our hospital, complaining of primary infertility for 3 years. The patient reported having irregular menses, and physical examination showed clinical hirsutism, while transvaginal ultrasound revealed polycystic ovarian morphology. Hormonal workup showed elevated Anti-Müllerian Hormone (7 ng/ml), and normal levels of prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone. Hysterosalpingogram revealed bilateral obstruction of fallopian tubes. Semen analysis of the husband was within normal limits.
Changing look AGN Mrk 590: broad-line region and black hole mass from photometric reverberation mapping
Authors: Mandal Amit Kumar , Schramm Malte , Rakshit Suvendu , Stalin C S , Vijarnwannaluk Bovornpratch , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Poshyachinda Saran , Kouprianov Vladimir V , Haislip Joshua B , Reichart Daniel E , Sagar Ram , Mathew Blesson 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of photometric reverberation mapping observations on the changing look active galactic nucleus Mrk 590 at z = 0.026. The observations were carried out from 2018 July to December using broad-bandB-,R-, and narrow-band H α and S ii filters. The B band traces the continuum emission from the accretion disc, the R band encompasses both the continuum emission from the accretion disc and the redshifted H α line from the broad-line region (BLR), the S ii band contains the redshifted H α emission and the H α band traces the continuum emission underneath the S ii band. All the light curves showed strong variation with a fractional root-mean-square variation of 0.132 ± 0.001 in the B band and 0.321 ± 0.001 in H α line. From cross-correlation function analysis, we obtained a delayed response of H α line emission to the opticalB-band continuum emission of $21.44^{+1.49}_{-2.11}$ d in the rest frame of the source, corresponding to a linear size of the BLR of 0.018 pc. This is consistent with previous estimates using H β. By combining the BLR size with the H α line full width at half-maximum of 6478 ± 240 km s−1 measured from a single-epoch spectrum obtained with the Subaru telescope, we derived a black hole mass of $1.96^{+0.15}_{-0.21}\times 10^8 {\rm M}_{\odot }$.
The horizontal transfer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 ICE PAPI-1 is controlled by a transcriptional triad between TprA, NdpA2 and MvaT
Authors: Dangla-Pélissier Gauthier , Roux Nicolas , Schmidt Victoria , Chambonnier Gaël , Ba Moly , Sebban-Kreuzer Corinne , de Bentzmann Sophie , Giraud Caroline , Bordi Christophe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients or in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Genome sequences reveal that most P. aeruginosa strains contain a significant number of accessory genes gathered in genomic islands. Those genes are essential for P. aeruginosa to invade new ecological niches with high levels of antibiotic usage, like hospitals, or to survive during host infection by providing pathogenicity determinants. P. aeruginosa pathogenicity island 1 (PAPI-1), one of the largest genomic islands, encodes several putative virulence factors, including toxins, biofilm genes and antibiotic-resistance traits. The integrative and conjugative element (ICE) PAPI-1 is horizontally transferable by conjugation via a specialized GI-T4SS, but the mechanism regulating this transfer is currently unknown. Here, we show that this GI-T4SS conjugative machinery is directly induced by TprA, a regulator encoded within PAPI-1. Our data indicate that the nucleotide associated protein NdpA2 acts in synergy with TprA, removing a repressive mechanism exerted by MvaT. In addition, using a transcriptomic approach, we unravelled the regulon controlled by Ndpa2/TprA and showed that they act as major regulators on the genes belonging to PAPI-1. Moreover, TprA and NdpA2 trigger an atypical biofilm structure and enhance ICE PAPI-1 transfer.
Massive data clustering by multi-scale psychological observations
Authors: Yang Shusen , Zhang Liwen , Xu Chen , Yu Hanqiao , Fan Jianqing , Xu Zongben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClustering is the discovery of latent group structure in data and is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence, and a vital procedure in data-driven scientific research over all disciplines. Yet, existing methods have various limitations, especially weak cognitive interpretability and poor computational scalability, when it comes to clustering massive datasets that are increasingly available in all domains. Here, by simulating the multi-scale cognitive observation process of humans, we design a scalable algorithm to detect clusters hierarchically hidden in massive datasets. The observation scale changes, following the Weber–Fechner law to capture the gradually emerging meaningful grouping structure. We validated our approach in real datasets with up to a billion records and 2000 dimensions, including taxi trajectories, single-cell gene expressions, face images, computer logs and audios. Our approach outperformed popular methods in usability, efficiency, effectiveness and robustness across different domains.
Myositis Caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a Person With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The First Case in Thailand
Authors: Buppajarntham Aubonphan , Atikankul Taywin , Putaporntip Chaturong , Jongwutiwes Somchai , Suankratay Chusana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
To date, cases of extraintestinal micro­sporidiosis have been increasingly reported in both otherwise healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Among them, microsporidial myositis is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of microsporidial myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Thailand.

Case report
A Thai man with HIV presented with fever and muscle pain at both anterior thighs and left arm for 3 months. Muscle biopsy was performed, and pathology exhibited neutrophil infiltration and focal aggregations of microsporidial spores. The 18S ribosomal RNA sequence revealed the species of this microsporidium as T hominis, and albendazole of 800mg/day was initiated. He gradually improved, and was discharged home 6 weeks after hospitalization.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of microsporidial myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a person with HIV in Thailand.
Delayed Injection Site Reaction After mRNA-1273 Vaccination in Japan: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hibino Masaya , Ishihara Takuma , Iwata Mitsunaga , Doi Yohei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The incidence of delayed injection site reaction after the first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine was 12.5% among females and 1.5% among males in a cohort of primarily elderly Japanese. After the second dose, 48.4% of those who could be contacted reported recurrence. The reaction may be relatively common among Asian females.
Galliform exclusion from the Migratory Bird Treaty Act has produced an alternate conservation path, but no evidence for differences in population status
Authors: Blomberg Erik J , Ross Beth E , Cardinal Casey J , Ellis-Felege Susan N , Gibson Daniel , Monroe Adrian P , Schwalenberg Patricia K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) is critical to avian conservation in the United States, both through its protection of migratory birds and as a catalyst for a century of coordinated avian conservation. While more than 1,000 species are protected by MBTA, of extant bird species native to the continental U.S., only 20 species belonging to the order Galliformes are explicitly excluded. Management of galliforms has occurred largely without direct federal oversight, placing this group on a fundamentally different conservation path during the century following MBTA passage. In this paper, we review the historical context and biological justification for exclusion of galliforms from MBTA and synthesize how their present-day conservation differs from that of migratory birds. We find the most prominent difference between the two groups involves the scope of coordination among stakeholders. The U.S. government, primarily via the Department of Interior, acts as de facto coordinating body for migratory bird conservation and plays the central role in oversight, funding, and administration of management in the United States. In contrast, galliform management falls primarily to individual state wildlife agencies, and coordinated conservation efforts have been more ad hoc and unevenly spread across species. Migratory birds benefit from an almost universally greater scope of research and monitoring, scale of habitat conservation, and sophistication of harvest management compared with galliforms. Galliform harvest management plans, in particular, are less likely to use measurable objectives, reporting of uncertainty in population parameters, and explanation of harvest management techniques. Based on a review of species status lists (e.g., the U.S. Endangered Species Act), we found no evidence that galliforms were more frequently listed than migratory species. Regional trend estimates from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) were more likely to be negative for galliforms over the period 1966–2015, but this was primarily driven by Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Data to assess galliform population status are generally poor, which complicates assessment for roughly half of galliform species. Increased support for coordination among state agencies and other stakeholders, similar to that applied to migratory birds, could help to ensure that galliform conservation is poised to tackle forthcoming challenges associated with global change.
Scalar dark matter in the A4-based texture one-zero neutrino mass model within the inverse seesaw mechanism
Authors: Verma Rishu , Kashav Monal , Verma Surender , Chauhan B C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a model based on A4 discrete flavor symmetry implementing inverse and type-II seesaw mechanisms to have LHC-accessible TeV-scale right-handed neutrino mass and texture one-zero in the resulting Majorana neutrino mass matrix, respectively. We investigate the neutrino and dark matter sectors of the model. Non-Abelian discrete A4 symmetry spontaneously breaks into the Z2 subgroup and hence provides a stable dark matter candidate. To constrain the Yukawa Lagrangian of our model, we impose $Z^{\prime }_2$, Z3, and Z4 cyclic symmetries in addition to the A4 flavor symmetry. In this work we use the recently updated data on cosmological parameters from the Planck Collaboration [N. Aghanim et al. [Planck Collaboration], Astron. Astrophys. A6, 641 (2020)]. For the dark matter candidate mass around 45–55 GeV, we obtain a mediator particle mass (right-handed neutrinos) ranging from 138–155 GeV. The Yukawa couplings are found to be in the range 0.995–1 to have observed the relic abundance of dark matter. We further obtain inverse ($X\equiv \frac{F^2n}{z^2}$) and type-II ($X^{\prime}\equiv f_1 v_{\Delta _{1}}$) seesaw contributions to the 0νββ decay amplitude |Mee|, with the model being consistent with low-energy experimental constraints. In particular, we emphasize that the type-II seesaw contribution to |Mee| is large compared to the inverse seesaw contribution for normally ordered (NO) neutrino masses.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exercise Interventions and Use of Exercise Principles to Reduce Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Feng Chengying , Adebero Tony , DePaul Vincent G , Vafaei Afshin , Norman Kathleen E , Auais Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Fear of falling (FOF) contributes to activity restriction and institutionalization among older adults, and exercise interventions are linked to reduction in FOF. Adhering to exercise principles and adapting optimal exercise parameters are fundamental to optimizing the effectiveness of exercise interventions. The purpose of this review was to describe FOF exercise interventions in community-dwelling older adults, evaluate the extent to which these interventions followed the exercise principles and reported exercise parameters, and quantify the effect of these interventions on reducing FOF.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FOF exercise interventions in older adults (≥65 years) were identified from 4 databases. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. A random-effect model was used in the meta-analysis.

Results
Seventy-five RCTs were included in this review. With regard to reporting exercise principles, specificity was reported in 92% of trials, progression in 72%, reversibility in 32%, overload in 31%, diminished return in 21%, and initial value in 8%. For exercise parameters, 97% of RCTs reported exercise type; 89%, frequency; and 85%, time. Only 25% reported the intensity. The pooled effect of exercise interventions on FOF among all included studies was a standard mean difference of −0.34 (95% CI = −0.44 to −0.23).

Conclusion
This study showed a significant small to moderate effect size of exercise interventions in reducing FOF among community-dwelling older adults. Most exercise principles and intensity of exercises were not adequately reported in included trials.

Impact
These inadequate reports could undermine efforts to examine the optimal dosage for exercise prescription. More attention must be given to designing and reporting components of therapeutic exercise programs to facilitate evidence-based practice.
Enhancing sleep after training improves memory in down syndrome model mice
Authors: Pittaras Elsa , Colas Damien , Chuluun Bayara , Allocca Giancarlo , Heller Craig 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of the third copy of chromosome 21. DS is associated with cognitive disabilities, for which there are no drug therapies. In spite of significant behavioral and pharmacological efforts to treat cognitive disabilities, new and continued efforts are still necessary. Over 60% of children with DS are reported to have sleep apnea that disrupt normal sleep. Normal and adequate sleep is necessary to maintain optimal cognitive functions. Therefore, we asked whether improved quality and/or quantity of sleep could improve cognitive capacities of people with DS. To investigate this possibility, we used the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS and applied two methods for enhancing their sleep following training on mouse memory tasks. A behavioral method was to impose sleep deprivation prior to training resulting in sleep rebound following the training. A pharmacologic method, hypocretin receptor 2 antagonist, was used immediately after the training to enhance subsequent sleep knowing that hypocretin is involved in the maintenance of wake. Our behavioral method resulted in a sleep reorganization that decreased wake and increased rapid eye movement sleep following the training associated with an improvement of recognition memory and spatial memory in the DS model mice. Our pharmacologic approach decreased wake and increased non-rapid eye movement sleep and was associated with improvement only in the spatial memory task. These results show that enhancing sleep after the training in a memory task improves memory consolidation in a mouse model of DS.