bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fat intake during early pregnancy is associated with cord blood DNA methylation at IGF2 and H19 genes in newborns
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Han , Fadadu Raj P. , Gaskins Audrey J. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Laue Hannah E. , Moley Kelle H. , Hivert Marie‐France , Baccarelli Andrea , Oken Emily , Chavarro Jorge E. , Cardenas Andres 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaternal fat intake during pregnancy affects fetal growth, but mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. We performed an exploratory study of the associations of fat consumption during pregnancy with cord blood DNA methylation of the insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19 genes. We used data from 96 uncomplicated full‐term pregnancies of mothers of whom majority had normal body mass index (BMI) (66%) in Project Viva, a prospective pre‐birth cohort. We assessed maternal diet with validated food frequency questionnaires during the first and second trimesters and measured DNA methylation in segments of the IGF2‐ and H19‐differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by pyrosequencing DNA extracted from umbilical cord blood samples. Mean (SD) age was 32.8 (4.1) years and prepregnancy BMI was 24.0 (4.4) kg/m2. Mean DNA methylation was 56.3% (3.9%) for IGF2‐DMR and 44.6% (1.9%) for H19‐DMR. Greater first trimester intake of omega‐6 polyunsaturated fat (effect per 1% of calories at the expense of carbohydrates) was associated with lower DNA methylation of IGF2‐DMR (−1.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.2%, −0.2%) and higher DNA methylation at H19‐DMR (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.3%). On the other hand, greater first trimester intake of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fat was associated with lower DNA methylation of the H19‐DMR (−4.3%; 95% CI: −7.9%, −0.8%). We did not find significant associations of IGF2 and H19 methylation with IGF2 cord blood levels. Our findings suggest that early prenatal fat intake (omega‐3, omega‐6, and saturated fatty acids) may influence DNA methylation at the IGF2 and H19 locus, which could impact fetal development and long‐term health.
A multi‐objective model for the analysis of investments to achieve an electricity cleaner production. The case of the Argentinean system
Authors: Alvarez Gonzalo E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electric power systems are in a transition to forms of generation that achieve cleaner production. In this regard, a new multi‐objective model that helps with the problem of cleaner production investments is presented. The model can obtain convenient solutions where actors with opposed interests are participating. The novelty is the model considers more points of view than the classical approaches of the literature, which only consider a maximum of two actors involved in this field (the new model considers investment costs, greenhouse emissions, and operating costs). Another key contribution is that the real procedures of the generation and transmission stages and the dependences between electrical‐natural gas systems are carefully represented and included in the model. It allows obtaining solutions in concordance with the real conditions. The model is applied to the energy system of Argentina by using an epsilon‐constraint approach and Mixed Integer Linear Programming formulations. The test system supplies electricity to over 40 million people and neighboring countries. Besides, there is interdependency with the Argentinean Natural Gas system that operates in one of the most extended territories in Latin America. Results indicate that the solutions that are more convenient for all actors represent a mix between renewables and non‐renewables technologies. Consequently, this proposal is differentiated from other ones that only consider the expansion concerning renewables technologies. The study reveals decreases in emissions up to 39% and the reduction in production costs up to 12% in comparison with the solution without investments.
Use of suggestive seizure manipulation methods in the investigation of patients with possible psychogenic nonepileptic seizures—An international ILAE survey
Authors: Gras Adrien , Wardrope Alistair , Hirsch Edouard , Asadi Pooya Ali A , Duncan Rod , Gigineishvili David , Hingray Coraline , Kanemoto Kousuke , Ladino Lady , LaFrance William Curt , McGonigal Aileen , Pretorius Chrisma , Valenti Hirsch Paola , Vidailhet Pierre , Zhou Dong , Reuber Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVideo‐encephalographic (vEEG) seizure recordings make essential contributions to the differentiation of epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). The yield of vEEG examinations can be increased through suggestive seizure manipulation (SSM) (ie, activation/provocation/cessation procedures), but its use has raised ethical concerns. In preparation for guidelines on the investigation of patients with PNES, the ILAE PNES Task Force carried out an international survey to investigate practices of and opinions about SSM. An online questionnaire was developed by the ILAE PNES Task Force. Questions were asked at clinical unit or individual respondent level. All ILAE chapters were encouraged to send questionnaires to their members. The survey was open from July 1, 2019, to August 31, 2019. A total of 487 clinicians from 411 units across 94 countries responded. Some form of SSM was used in 296/411 units (72.0%). Over 90% reported the use of verbal suggestion, over 80% the use of activation procedures also capable of eliciting epileptic activity (hyperventilation or photic stimulation). Only 26.3% of units used techniques specifically intended to provoke PNES (eg, saline injection). Fewer than 10% of units had established protocols for SSM, only 20% of units required written patient consent, in 12.2% of units patients received explicitly false information to provoke seizures. Clinicians using SSM tended to perceive no ethical problems, whereas those not using SSM were likely to have ethical concerns about these methods. We conclude that the use of invasive nocebo techniques intended to provoke PNES in diagnostic settings has declined, but SSM is commonly combined with activation procedures also capable of eliciting epileptic activity. While research suggests that openness about the use of PNES‐specific nocebo techniques does not reduce diagnostic yield, very few units have suggestion protocols or seek patient consent. This could be addressed through establishing consensus guidance for the practice of SSM.
Are We Underestimating Anthropogenic Microfiber Pollution? A Critical Review of Occurrence, Methods, and Reporting
Authors: Athey Samantha N. , Erdle Lisa M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic microfibers, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, can be categorized as synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural according to material of origin and production process. Although natural fibers, such as cotton and wool, originated from natural sources, they often contain chemical additives, including colorants (e.g., dyes, pigments) and finishes (e.g., flame retardants, antimicrobial agents, ultraviolet light stabilizers). These additives are applied to textiles during production to give textiles desired properties like enhanced durability. Anthropogenically modified “natural” and semisynthetic fibers are sufficiently persistent to undergo long-range transport and accumulate in the environment, where they are ingested by biota. Although most research and communication on microfibers have focused on the sources, pathways, and effects of synthetic fibers in the environment, natural and semisynthetic fibers warrant further investigation because of their abundance. Because of the challenges in enumerating and identifying natural and semisynthetic fibers in environmental samples and the focus on microplastic or synthetic fibers, reports of anthropogenic microfibers in the environment may be underestimated. In this critical review, we 1) report that natural and semisynthetic microfibers are abundant, 2) highlight that some environmental compartments are relatively understudied in the microfiber literature, and 3) report which methods are suitable to enumerate and characterize the full suite of anthropogenic microfibers. We then use these findings to 4) recommend best practices to assess the abundance of anthropogenic microfibers in the environment, including natural and semisynthetic fibers. By focusing exclusively on synthetic fibers in the environment, we are neglecting a major component of anthropogenic microfiber pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:822–837. © 2021 SETAC
Characterization of functional sweetened condensed milk formulated with flavoring and sugar substitute
Authors: Jouki Mohammad , Jafari Somayeh , Jouki Ali , Khazaei Naimeh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of sugar replacement and enrichment with cinnamon extract (CE) on the physicochemical, functional, and organoleptic properties of sweetened condensed milk (SCM) and the production of flavored functional dairy dessert was investigated. The results demonstrated that by adding CE (0.5 and 1%) and fructose sugar (50 and 100% replacement) in the formulation containing maltodextrin, the physicochemical, functional, and organoleptic properties of SCM samples were improved. However, adding fructose and CE at the maximum concentration increased the acidity, particle size, redness (a), yellowness (b) and decreased the lightness (L), viscosity, and sensory scores of the SCM samples (p < .05). Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that as the fructose level increased, the number of cavities increased, while the size of the cavities decreased (p < .05). Microstructure analysis also showed that the application of CE increased the density of the structure in the SCM samples. However, the SCM samples formulated with maltodextrin, 0.5% CE, and 50% fructose substitution were identified as optimal samples. Evaluation of the functional properties of SCM formulated with 0.5% CE revealed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity were in the range of 139.21–143.24 mg GAE / g and 50.12%–52.01%, respectively.
Countering educational inequities in refugee and immigrant communities: Family navigational strategies in educational settings
Authors: Vigil Darsella , Lynn Lopez Shannon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough immigrant and refugee youth are entering higher education at increasing rates, they complete high school and college at dramatically lower rates than their native‐born counterparts. Literature in the K‐12 educational sector examines a host of challenges that immigrant and refugee children encounter in US schools which further contributes to the ever present educational gap between them and their peers. In this article, the authors examine challenges immigrant and refugee families encounter and the navigational strategies they employ in their pursuit to access quality education for their children. The authors draw upon funds of knowledge (FoK) and transformational resistance as guiding frameworks to critically unpack how these navigational strategies are leveraged by families to counter oppressive schooling structures, functioning as strategic resistance. School choice, strategic relationship building, and advocacy are only a few of the diverse ways families mobilize their FoK to subvert inequitable educational systems.
Ninety‐day mortality after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: Population‐based comparison between rural and urban patients
Authors: Schlijper Roel , Bos Siske , Hamilton Sarah N. , Tran Eric , Berthelet Eric , Wu Jonn , Olson Robert A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study assesses whether 90‐day mortality differs between patients living in rural and urban areas, as lower access to supportive care services in rural areas could result in higher mortality.MethodsAll patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated between 1998 and 2014 with radiotherapy in British Columbia were included. Patients were divided into rurality areas according to the Modified Statistics Canada (mSC) definition, which classifies a population <30 000 as rural and ≥30 000 as urban.ResultsFive thousand five hundred and fifty‐four patients were included in this study, of which 68% lived in urban centers. The 90‐day mortality for rural versus urban patients were 3.0% and 3.9% (p = 0.09), respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no association with 90‐day mortality and rurality.ConclusionAfter controlling for potentially confounding factors, we did not find a significant association between 90‐day mortality and rurality in patients who were treated with radiotherapy for HNC in British Columbia.
A Practical Route to Cyclobutanols and Fluorocyclobutanes
Authors: Revil‐Baudard Vincent L. , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract1‐[(Ethoxycarbonothioyl)sulfanyl]cyclobutyl acetate (xanthate 7) was found to add to electronically unbiased alkenes and to certain heteroarenes. In the latter case, this corresponds to a variant of the Minisci reaction and allows the late‐stage modification of biologically active substances. Saponification of the acetate furnishes the corresponding cyclobutanols, which, in the case of the nicotine adduct, can be converted into fluorocyclobutanes by the action of DAST. Fluorocyclobutyl substituted aromatics and heteroaromatics are increasingly present in drug candidates. Heating of the acetoxycyclobutyl derivative of caffeine with TFA gives rise to the cyclobutene analogue. Finally, O‐ethyl S‐[1‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)cyclobutyl] carbonodithioate, obtained unexpectedly while optimizing the synthesis of xanthate 7, is a very promising reagent for the introduction of the very rare 2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxycyclobutyl motif.
How workplace support for the COVID‐19 pandemic and personality traits affect changes in employees' affective commitment to the organization and job‐related well‐being
Authors: Mihalache Mashiho , Mihalache Oli R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHow do organizational responses to environmental disruptions affect employees' job‐related well‐being? As the COVID‐19 pandemic has led to new ways of working, increased health concerns, and added responsibilities, employees are facing important challenges in doing their work that can affect their job‐related well‐being. This study aims to understand how different types of work support (i.e., perceived organizational support and supervisor accessibility) in response to environmental disruption interact with personality traits (i.e., core self‐evaluations and future focus) to influence changes in employees' affective commitment to their organization and in their job‐related well‐being. We develop a moderated mediation model and test it on data collected from 295 individuals working in the United Kingdom. We find that work support for the COVID‐19 pandemic, both perceived organizational support and supervisor accessibility, is associated with more positive changes in employees' job‐related well‐being and that this effect is mediated by changes in employees' affective commitment to their organization. Furthermore, we find that personality traits moderate the relationships between these two types of support and changes in affective commitment to the organization, with those relationships being more positive for employees with low core self‐evaluations and for those with a high future focus.
Are hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with Gram‐negative bacteremia spending more time outpatient while on intravenous antibiotics? Addressing trends over 10 years at a single center
Authors: Lind Margaret L. , Roncaioli Steven , Liu Catherine , Bryan Andrew , Sweet Ania , Tverdek Frank , Sorror Mohamed , Phipps Amanda I. , Pergam Steven A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing proportion of outpatient allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants (HCTs) coupled with increased access of once‐daily broad‐spectrum antibiotics and evidence that outpatient antibiotic treatment may be safer and less costly than inpatient treatment, suggest that allogeneic HCT recipients with Gram‐negative rod bacteremia (GNRBs) are increasingly being treated in ambulatory care settings.MethodsUsing data from the first GNRB event that occurred within the first 100 days posttransplantation among allogeneic HCT recipients transplanted at a single center between 2007 and 2016, we estimated the temporal trends in GNRB incidence and treatment management of GNRBs and identified if patient or infection characteristics impacted observed trends.ResultsA total of 11% (238/2165) of the observed allogeneic HCT recipients experienced ≥1 GNRB with available resistance data and contributed antibiotic treatment time. Patients, on average, received 55.1% of their antibiotic treatment in an outpatient setting and we observed a significant decline in the proportion of treatment time spent outpatient (crude: −3.3% [95% confidence interval: −5.0, −1.6%]). We observed similar declines in the proportion of treatment time spent outpatient among patients with similar GNRB and pretransplant complexity factors but not among patients with similar posttransplant complications (p value: .165).ConclusionThese results suggest that, despite increased availability of outpatient suitable treatment options, allogeneic HCT recipients with GNRBs received less treatment in outpatient settings. However, among patients with similar posttransplant complications, the lack of significant decline suggests that treatment location decisions remained consistent for patients with similar posttransplant complications. These findings suggest the need for additional interventions targeting outpatient antibiotic treatment among allogeneic HCT recipients with GNRBs.
Gastrointestinal tissue as a “new” target of pollution exposure
Authors: Pambianchi Erika , Pecorelli Alessandra , Valacchi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAirborne pollution has become a leading cause of global death in industrialized cities and the exposure to environmental pollutants has been demonstrated to have adverse effects on human health. Among the pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is one of the most toxic and although its exposure has been more commonly correlated with respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal (GI) complications have also been reported as a consequence to PM exposure. Due to its composition, PM is able to exert on intestinal mucosa both direct damaging effects, (by reaching it either via direct ingestion of contaminated food and water or indirect inhalation and consequent macrophagic mucociliary clearance) and indirect ones via generation of systemic inflammation. The relationship between respiratory and GI conditions is well described by the lung‐gut axis and more recently, has become even clearer during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, when respiratory symptoms were associated with gastrointestinal conditions. This review aims at pointing out the mechanisms and the models used to evaluate PM induced GI tract damage.
Untersuchungen zur Sedimentation in der Darß‐Zingster Boddengewässern — ein Beitrag zur Aufstellung einer Energie‐ und Stoffbilanz im Ökosystem. Teil 1: Die Bestimmung der Sedimentationsrate und die Erfassung produktionsbiologisch wichtiger Parameter des sedimentierten Materials
Authors: Nausch‐Stengl M. , Schlungbaum G. , Oertzen J. A. v. 
Published: July 2021

Die Ergebnisse der 1975 durchgeführten Sedimentationsuntersuchungen werden dargelegt. Es ist möglich, auch in sehr flachen Gewässern (ca. 2 m) Sedimentationsraten zu messen. Zur Anwendung kommen zwei Arten von Sedimentfallen: trichterförmige Plastbehälter und sogenannte Senkröhren, wobei mit den erstgenannten realere Werte erzielt werden. Zusammenhänge zwischen der Sedimentationsrate und der Größe der Bioproduktion sowie den Windverhältnissen werden diskutiert. Das sedimentierte Material wird durch den Gehalt an organischer Substanz, die Gehalte an Phosphat und Eisen, den chemischen Sauerstoffverbrauch sowie durch den Energiegehalt gekennzeichnet. Aufgestellte Beziehungen lassen Rückschlüsse auf den Sauerstoffverbrauch während der Mineralisation an der Sedimentoberfläche zu.
Ausnutzungsgrad von Anionenaustauschfiltern bei der Nitratentfernung aus Trinkwässern
Authors: Bosholm J. 
Published: July 2021

Der Einfluß von Chlorid‐ und Sulfationen auf den Ausnutzungsgrad von Aliionenaustauschern bei der Entfernung von Nitrationen aus Trinkwässern wird berechnet. Die. Übereinstimmung zwischen berechneten und experimentellen Werten ist gut. Es wird ein Diagramm aufgestellt, das eine schnelle Ermittlung des Ausnutzungsgrades und des Durchbruchvolumens für Nitrationen an Filtersaulen für Chlorid‐ und Sulfatgehalte des aufzubereitenden Wassers im Bereich von je 0 … 500 mg/l ermöglicht.
Cooxidation of Benzo(a)pyrene and Phenols on Activated Sludges
Authors: Kirso U. , Hannus M. 
Published: July 2021

In the presence of the cancerogenic benzo(a)pyrene (4 × 10−7 mole/1) the rate the of biochemical oxidation of phenols and a mixture of oil‐shale alkylresorcinols (5 × 10−5 mole/1) on activated sludges adapted to these phenols is reduced up to 30%. The oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene occurs at a high rate, the rate constant on both sludges being 6.8 × 108 mole/1 · sec and exceeds the index of the processes of its selfpurification by two orders.The high efficiency of the biooxidation of benzo(a)pyrene is retained at a repeated use of the same biomass, thus no additional regeneration being needed.Some products of the, biooxidation of benzo(a)pyrene, such as 1,6‐ and 3,6‐quinone, derivatives of chrysene and naphthalene, are identified.
Hydrophobicity of Linear Alkyl Aryl Sulfonates
Authors: Krasnoshekova R. , Tshekulajev V. , Gubergrits M. 
Published: July 2021

Distilled water solubility of a series of alkyl aryl sulfonates (AAS) with a linear alkyl radical in the para‐position to the sulfo‐group synthesized by the authors was determined. It is shown that the hydrophobicity (‐lgS) of the investigated AAS is a function of their structure and its change is caused by a hydrophobic effect of a substituent.A relationship between hydrophobicity of AAS and their reactivity is established.Temperature dependence of water solubility of AAS was investigated. The changes in standard thermodynamic characteristics of the process of dissolving AAS in water were calculated, i.e. the enthalpy (ΔH0), the entropy (ΔS0) and free energy (ΔG0). It is shown that water solubility of the investigated AAS is an entropie process being connected with a decrease in the entropy of the system on account of additional structurization of water by penetrating n‐alkyl radicals into its “icy” structure.The CMC‐1 values determined are independent of temperature.