bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Late Carboniferous arc‐related volcanic rocks from Ongniud Banner, southeastern Inner Mongolia: Evidence of southward subduction and implication of closure time for Palaeo‐Asian Ocean
Authors: Du Jiyu , Tao Nan , Jiang Bin , Wang Yan , Song Weimin , Qian Cheng , Yang Xiaoping , Zhang Yujin , Chang Shiwei 
Published: June 2021

Newly recognized Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks occur in Ongniud Banner on the northern margin of the Sino‐Korean palaeoplate, including rhyolite, dacite, and related volcaniclastic. The volcanic rocks have for a long time been considered to form in the Early Permian. Our new LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb zircon dating of two rhyolite samples and one dacite sample yielded ages of 305.6 ± 1.6 Ma, 312.2 ± 2.3 Ma, and 305.3 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively, corresponding to the Late Carboniferous. The volcanic rocks are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ta). The positive zircon εHf(t) values (+6.64 to +9.49) of the volcanic rocks and the high Mg# values (47.05–51.47) of some samples indicate the contribution of mantle materials to the sources. Integrated with geological, geochemical, and Lu–Hf isotopic studies, it is considered the volcanic rocks formed in a subduction‐related continental margin arc setting. Combined with the studies in the southeastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt on the ophiolitic mélanges, magamatic belts and sedimentary environment of the Late Palaeozoic, collision‐related granites, and so on; it is suggested that the southward subduction for the eastern segment of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean beneath the northern margin of Sino‐Korean palaeoplate was still occurring in the Late Carboniferous.
Looking around the corner: COVID‐19 shocks and market dynamics in US medical tourism
Authors: Stackpole Irving , Ziemba Elizabeth , Johnson Tricia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients have historically travelled from across the world to the United States for medical care that is not accessible locally or not available at the same perceived quality. The COVID‐19 pandemic has nearly frozen the cross‐border buying and selling of healthcare services, referred to as medical tourism. Future medical travel to the United States may also be deterred by the combination of an initially uncoordinated public health response to the pandemic, an overall troubled atmosphere arising from widely publicized racial tensions and pandemic‐related disruptions among medical services providers. American hospitals have shifted attention to domestic healthcare needs and risk mitigation to reduce and recover from financial losses. While both reforms to the US healthcare system under the Biden Presidency and expansion to the Affordable Care Act will influence inbound and outbound medical tourism for the country, new international competitors are also likely to have impacts on the medical tourism markets. In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, US‐based providers are forging new and innovative collaborations for delivering care to patients abroad that promise more efficient and higher quality of care which do not necessitate travel.
On planar arcs of size (q+3)∕2
Authors: Günay Gülizar , Lavrauw Michel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe subject of this paper is the study of small complete arcs in , for odd, with at least points on a conic. We give a short comprehensive proof of the completeness problem left open by Segre in his seminal work. This gives an alternative to Pellegrino's long proof which was obtained in a series of papers in the 1980s. As a corollary of our analysis, we obtain a counterexample to a misconception in the literature.
Prenatal genetic counselors' perceptions of the impact of abortion legislation on counseling and access in the United States
Authors: Jayaraman Susheela , Koenig Shelby , Fiddler Morry , Simi Eve , Goldenberg Aaron , Magasi Susan , Wicklund Catherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGenetic counselors have an important role in offering and appropriate coordinating abortion services for patients identified with a fetal abnormality. Few studies have been conducted to determine the effects of legislation on genetic counselors and patients. This study aimed to further our understanding of genetic counselors’ perception of the impact of abortion regulations on their practice, the perceived financial and emotional impact on their patients and their ability to access abortion. A 22‐question survey was developed based on themes identified by a qualitative study (Koenig et al., 2019, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 28, 790–801), and distributed to members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors; data from 113 respondents are analyzed. For analysis, participants were categorized into three groups based on the restrictiveness of their state's abortion legislation (supportive, middle ground, hostile) using the Guttmacher Institute's designation based on the amount of restrictive abortion legislation in their state. Participants reported that legislative gestational age restrictions significantly impact their counseling and coordinating of abortion services. Participants reported emotional and financial burdens that impact their patients seeking abortion; however, those in hostile states were significantly more likely to report a perceived financial or emotional impact on their patients. Participants in hostile states were more likely than those in supportive states to report that many of the addressed legislative and institutional regulations impact patients’ ability to access abortion. Abortion regulations limiting the decision‐making time frame for patients with a fetal abnormality have a significant impact on the practice of prenatal genetic counseling. Further restrictions may change how genetic counselors choose to counsel their patients about the option of abortion, but also may limit the availability of choices particularly for patients in rural areas, in hostile states, and those without the financial resources to travel or pursue termination at later gestational ages.
Sudden shift to remote genetic counseling during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences of genetics professionals in Italy
Authors: Turchetti Daniela , Battistuzzi Linda , Bertonazzi Benedetta , Godino Lea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic has rendered in‐person provision of genetic counseling impossible for prolonged periods in many countries, mandating a sudden shift to remote delivery. We used qualitative thematic analysis to explore Italian genetics professionals’ experience with remote genetic counseling. Fourteen group and four individual interviews were conducted after participants had delivered one or more remote sessions via videoconference or on the telephone. Data were coded and grouped under themes. Three main themes were identified as follows: (a) technical and logistical issues, (b) communication issues, and (c) clinical content and outcome of the session. The participants acknowledged that not having to travel to the clinic saves consultands time and expense. They also highlighted that not sharing a physical space with consultands and having to rely on technology can negatively impact on effective communication, building trusting relationships, and performing accurate psychosocial assessments. Regarding the clinical content of sessions, remote genetic counseling was perceived to favor greater focus and succinct, to the point communication. However, participants also felt uncomfortable not being able to use visual aids to support the explanation of complex concepts. Moreover, demographics and the socio‐cultural status of consultands emerged as factors influencing the outcome of remote genetic counseling sessions. Finally, participants reported feeling that more experience with this novel approach would improve their confidence and their ability to adapt their counseling skills as appropriate. Based on these findings, we suggest that effective, equitable provision of remote genetic counseling will require an infrastructure that is able to support video counseling, sharing of clinical documents and visual aids, and connect with a wide range of devices. Moreover, the structure of sessions should be tailored to the specific requirements of remote genetic counseling and suitable training efforts should be promoted to enhance professionals’ communication skills.
lncRNA IGF2‐AS promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by sponging miR‐3,126‐5p to upregulate KLK4
Authors: Tang Jia Zhu , Zhao Guo Yang , Zhao Jian Zhong , Di Dong Hua , Wang Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis (OP) is a bone disease characterized by reduced amount and quality of bone. This study was designed to explore the role and mechanism of lncRNA IGF2‐AS in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).MethodsHuman lncRNA and miRNA microarray analyses were performed to measure the differential expression levels of lncRNAs and miRNAs in undifferentiated and osteogenically differentiated BMSCs. lncRNA IGF2‐AS, miR‐3,126‐5p, and KLK4 levels were measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red staining (ARS). Protein levels of osterix (Osx), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were examined by RT‐PCR and western blot assays. The binding relationship between miR‐3,126‐5p and lncRNA IGF2‐AS or KLK4 was predicted by TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/vert_72/) and then verified with a dual‐luciferase reporter assay.ResultslncRNA IGF2‐AS and KLK4 were highly expressed and miR‐3,126‐5p was weakly expressed in osteogenically differentiated BMSCs. Moreover, lncRNA IGF2‐AS overexpression enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In contrast, lncRNA IGF2‐AS knockdown showed the opposite trend. Moreover, miR‐3,126‐5p overexpression abolished the lncRNA IGF2‐AS‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. lncRNA IGF2‐AS functions as a sponge of miR‐3,126‐5p to regulate KLK4 expression.ConclusionlncRNA IGF2‐AS enhances the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by modulating the miR‐3,126‐5p/KLK4 axis, suggesting a promising therapeutic target for bone‐related diseases.
Natural abundance analysis of the role played by 15N as indicator for the certification of organic‐system deriving food
Authors: Trapp Talita , Inácio Caio de Teves , Ciotta Marlise Nara , Hindersmann Jacson , Lima Andria Paula , dos Santos Thiago Stacowski , Ferreira Guilherme Wilbert , Morais Gildean Portela , de Conti Lessandro , Comin Jucinei José , Loss Arcângelo , Giacomini Sandro José , Lourenzi Cledimar Rogério , Rozane Danilo Eduardo , Brunetto Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe natural abundance of stable isotope 15N (δ15N) in production systems has emerged as an alternative to distinguish organic products from conventional ones. This study evaluated the use of δ15N values recorded for nitrogen fertilizers, soil and plant tissue in order to set the differences between organic and conventional agricultural production systems applied to rice, potatoes, apple and banana crops.RESULTSValues of δ15N recorded for N sources ranged from +5.58‰ to +18.27‰ and from −3.55‰ to +3.19‰ in organic and synthetic fertilizers, respectively. Values recorded for δ15N in food from organic rice, potatoes and banana farms were higher than values recorded for δ15N in conventional farms; the same was observed for values recorded for δ15N in leaves from the four crops.CONCLUSIONResults have allowed for differentiation between production systems due to values of δ15N recorded in leaves of all crops and food, for rice, potatoes and banana trees. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Safety and donor site morbidity of the transverse musculocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap in autologous breast reconstruction—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siegwart Laura Cosima , Bolbos Anca , Tapking Christian , Seide Svenja E. , Diehm Yannick , Fischer Sebastian , Kneser Ulrich , Kotsougiani‐Fischer Dimitra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe transverse musculocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap has gained popularity for breast reconstruction. However, the literature regarding its donor site morbidity is heterogeneous. This systematic review sought to clarify the evidence on donor site morbidity.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted. We included all articles reporting on donor‐site morbidity of the TMG flap for breast reconstruction. The results were analyzed in R and its extension meta. A generalized linear mixed model was used to combine proportions and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsNineteen articles provided an overall sample of 843 TMG flaps. The total flap loss was low at 2% (95% CI, 1%–3%). All patients were normal weight (pooled body mass index 22.75, 95% CI, 21.88–23.63). The incidence of wound dehiscence (8%, 95% CI, 4%–16%), seroma (4%, 95% CI, 2%–7%), hematoma (2%, 95% CI, 1%–4%) and infection (0%–5%) on the TMG donor site was low. Functional impairments included sensory disturbance (0%–74%), motoric deficits (0%–50%), and changes in the genital region (0%–24%), all of which were modest.ConclusionsThis review confirms the safety and low donor site morbidity of the TMG flap in normal‐weight patients, which is comparable to that of other popular free flaps in breast reconstruction.
An approach to fast 2D nuclear magnetic resonance at low concentration based on p‐H2‐induced polarization and nonuniform sampling
Authors: Aspers Ruud L. E. G. , Tessari Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent developments in para‐hydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) methods allow the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection of specific classes of compounds, down to sub‐micromolar concentration in solution. However, when dealing with complex mixtures, signal resolution requires the acquisition of 2D PHIP‐NMR spectra, which often results in long experimental times. This strongly limits the applicability of these 2D PHIP‐NMR techniques in areas in which high‐throughput analysis is required. Here, we present a combination of fast acquisition and nonuniform sampling that can afford a 10‐fold reduction in measuring time without compromising the spectral quality. This approach was tested on a mixture of substrates at micromolar concentration, for which a resolved 2D PHIP spectrum was acquired in less than 3 min.
Effects of a gel culture system made of polysaccharides (xanthan gum and locust bean gum) on in vitro bovine oocyte development and gene expression of the granulosa cells
Authors: Sugimoto Ayaka , Inoue Yuki , Tanaka Keisuke , Sinozawa Akihisa , Shirasuna Koumei , Iwata Hisataka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractXanthan gum (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG) are nontoxic polysaccharides that produce culture substrates. The present study examined the effect of XG‐LBG gel on in vitro bovine oocyte growth and gene expression in granulosa cells. Oocytes and granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were cultured in vitro on plastic culture plate (Plate) or XG‐LBG gel for 16 days. OGCs formed a dome‐like cavity surrounding the oocytes on plate but formed a spherical follicle structure on XG‐LBG gel. The total granulosa cell numbers of the OGCs and their survival rate was greater for OGCs cultured on XG‐LBG gel than for those cultured on plate. Oocytes grown on XG‐LBG gels had higher lipid and mitochondrial content, as well as a larger diameter, than their plate counterparts. When oocytes grown in vitro were subjected to in vitro maturation and fertilization, the normal fertilization rate was significantly higher for oocytes developed on XG‐LBG gel than that of oocytes cultured on the plate counterpart. RNAseq of the granulosa cells revealed that genes associated with focal adhesion, phosphatidylinositol 3'‐kinase‐Akt and Hippo signaling, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton were upregulated in granulosa cells of OGCs cultured on XG‐LBG gel compared with those cultured on plate.
Effect of Vitamin C on Lead-Induced Cell Viability Levels, Oxidative Stress, and Immune-Related Gene Expression in Grass Carp Kidney Cells
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Peijun , Gao Chunshan , Yin Yuwei , Wang Nan , Li Yuehong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the potential of vitamin C in relieving lead-induced antioxidant and immune responses in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells. In this study, CIK cells were treated with vitamin C (0, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 µM) and lead (0 and 25 µM). Cell viability, oxidative response, and immune-related gene expression were assessed. These results showed that cell viability was significantly decreased by exposure to lead and that vitamin C supplementation alone had no significant effect on cell viability, but vitamin C supplementation can alleviate the effect of lead on cell viability. Furthermore, vitamin C supplementation can increase the antioxidant capacity and the expression of immune-related genes. Ultimately, these results suggest that vitamin C has a protective effect on CIK cells when they are exposed to lead.
Intergenerational Educational Attainment and Cardiometabolic Health in Latino Individuals Living in the United States
Authors: Crenshaw Emma G. , Fernández‐Rhodes Lindsay , Martin Chantel L. , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Haan Mary N. , Aiello Allison E. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the association between cycles of poverty, measured by intergenerational educational attainment (IEA), and the burden of obesity and metabolic dysfunction among Hispanic/Latino individuals in the United States.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study utilizing data from 392 adults linked to 286 biologic parents from the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study and the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. The educational attainment of parents and offspring was dichotomized in order to categorize IEA. Outcomes included obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Model‐based standardization with population weights was used to compare obesity and MetS across generations, and Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios by IEA.ResultsA higher prevalence of obesity and MetS was observed in offspring (54% and 69%, respectively) compared with their parents (48% and 42%, respectively). Compared with stable‐low IEA, any category with high offspring education was associated with lower obesity and MetS prevalence. The upwardly mobile group saw the greatest benefit; they were 38% (95% CI: 10%‐57%) and 46% (95% CI: 21%‐63%) less likely to have obesity or MetS.ConclusionsIEA strongly patterns cardiometabolic health among Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the United States, suggesting that promotion of higher education is associated with reductions in obesity and MetS, potentially benefitting future generations of this population.
Opportunities to Improve Symptom Control with Somatostatin Congeners in GEP-NETs: A Review of Key Issues
Authors: Anthony Lowell B. , O'Dorisio Thomas M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Octreotide acetate (octreotide) is the most prescribed and most studied somatostatin congener, or analog, for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and carcinoid syndrome, the latter of which may be characterized by debilitating diarrhea and flushing. Approved in the U.S. more than 30 years ago, octreotide is widely used to control the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome and has been shown to demonstrate antiproliferative activity. The two formulations available in the U.S. include a subcutaneous immediate-release (IR) injection introduced in 1989 and a long-acting repeatable (LAR) intramuscular injection approved in 1999. Lanreotide depot (lanreotide), a more recent somatostatin congener, has been available in the U.S. since 2014.
Despite widespread use of octreotide LAR, several key challenges exist with the current depot-based treatment paradigm. Studies indicate that LAR formulations are associated with continued unmet patient needs, owing in part to a loss of bioactivity over time that may necessitate progressive supplemental treatment with IR octreotide to adequately control symptoms. Clinicians should understand the key differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of the LAR and IR formulations that may contribute to bioactivity loss and somatostatin receptor desensitization. In addition, there is a need to re-evaluate the role of IR octreotide in combination with depot therapy to provide consistent bioavailability and better control of carcinoid syndrome symptoms.
The purpose of this review is to explore all these issues and to re-establish a rationale for the IR formulation, particularly with respect to novel use cases and its use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Implications for Practice
There is a need to re-evaluate the role of immediate-release octreotide in combination with depot therapy to provide consistent bioavailability and better control of carcinoid syndrome symptoms.
Effect of dispensing rate on internal void formation in restorations built with sonically activated resin composite
Authors: Irmak Özgür , Demirel Gülbike , Orhan Ayşe Işıl , Orhan Kaan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInternal void formation in sonically activated resin composite (SonicFill 2, Kavo Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) applied at three different extrusion force magnitudes was evaluated. Forty SonicFill 2 composite compules were divided into four groups according to dispensing method and magnitude of extrusion force as follows: No sonic energy/manual dispensing (FM) (control), sonic energy with low extrusion force (F1), sonic energy with medium extrusion force (F3), and sonic energy with high extrusion force (F5) (n = 10). For F1, F3, and F5, sonic energy was delivered using a SonicFill handpiece. For the control, no sonic energy was applied. Composites were placed into the molds and polymerized. Micro‐computed tomography scanning for intrarestoration void assessment was performed and intrarestoration void rates (%) were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Sonic energy yielded lower intrarestoration void rates than that of the control (10.58% ± 1.74%) (p < 0.05). Intrarestoration void rates between F1 (8.11% ± 0.99%) and F3 (7.00% ± 0.95%) were similar (p > 0.05), whereas F5 (5.14 ± 0.91%) led to significantly lower void rates compared to F1 and F3 (p < 0.05). The highest extrusion force (F5) setting of the SonicFill handpiece caused the lowest internal void rates in SonicFill 2 resin composite restorations compared to those of the medium (F3) and lowest (F1) settings.