bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CADI-study: Compression after device implantation - To examine the effect of a compressive dressing after device implantation or replacement focusing on the patient"s bleeding, hematomas and pain
Authors: Fuglsbjerg C , Philbert BT , Risum N , Vinther M , Christensen SW , Risom SS 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Centre for Cardiac, Vascular, Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Denmark

Background
Bleeding and pocket hematomas are a known complication in pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantations. Hematomas are associated with increased risk of infection and pain.

Purpose
To investigate whether a compressive dressing applied for three hours can prevent bleeding, pocket hematomas and pain.

Method
The study was a pseudo-randomized intervention study including patients scheduled for implantation or box change of a pacemaker or an ICD. In alternating months patients either received a compressive dressing (intervention group) or not (control group). Patients were excluded by the implanting physician if there was a clinical indication for a compressive dressing due to seeping bleeding. Patients were followed at the catheterization lab, for three hours at the ward and until the first outpatient control visit (1-3 months). The outcomes were: Bleeding, pocket hematomas and pain. The bleedings were graded as active bleeding or seeping bleeding or hematomas. Hematomas were measured by degree 1 to 3 (3 largest) and size (in cm). Pain was rated by the patient by numerical rank scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 (10 worst). Descriptive statistics were used.

Results
A total of 191 patients were included, 95 patients in the intervention group. After inclusion 24 patients of the 96 patients in the control group were excluded by the implanting physician on clinical indication for a compressive dressing.
Before the intervention there were significantly more patients with bleeding (graded as: Seeping bleeding) in the intervention group (n = 25, (26.9%)) compared to the control group (n = 4, (5.6%), p &lt;0.001). No patients had developed pocket hematomas at the end of the procedure. Furthermore, the pain score was low in both groups (Total n = 19, NRS score ≤ 2.5).
Over the next three hours in the ward, there was no significant difference in the bleeding (graded as: Seeping bleeding) in the groups (intervention: n = 8 vs. control: n = 3, p = 0.55). Two patients in each group had developed a pocket hematoma after three hours (p = 0.36) and the intervention group experienced more pain (intervention: 1.7 (±2.4) vs. control: 1.1(±1.7), p= 0.02).
At the outpatient control 1-3 months after implantation, there was no significant difference between the groups related to bleeding, pocket hematomas and pain.

Conclusion
Compressive dressing did not significantly reduce bleeding or the number of pocket hematomas after pacemaker or ICD implantation. In addition patients reported a slight increase in pain scores related to the compressive dressing.
The results question routine compression after procedure, but should be validated in larger studies.
Haplotype reconstruction in connected tetraploid F1 populations
Authors: Zheng Chaozhi , Amadeu Rodrigo R , Munoz Patricio R , Endelman Jeffrey B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In diploid species, many multiparental populations have been developed to increase genetic diversity and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping resolution. In these populations, haplotype reconstruction has been used as a standard practice to increase the power of QTL detection in comparison with the marker-based association analysis. However, such software tools for polyploid species are few and limited to a single biparental F1 population. In this study, a statistical framework for haplotype reconstruction has been developed and implemented in the software PolyOrigin for connected tetraploid F1 populations with shared parents, regardless of the number of parents or mating design. Given a genetic or physical map of markers, PolyOrigin first phases parental genotypes, then refines the input marker map, and finally reconstructs offspring haplotypes. PolyOrigin can utilize single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data coming from arrays or from sequence-based genotyping; in the latter case, bi-allelic read counts can be used (and are preferred) as input data to minimize the influence of genotype calling errors at low depth. With extensive simulation we show that PolyOrigin is robust to the errors in the input genotypic data and marker map. It works well for various population designs with ≥30 offspring per parent and for sequences with read depth as low as 10x. PolyOrigin was further evaluated using an autotetraploid potato dataset with a 3 × 3 half-diallel mating design. In conclusion, PolyOrigin opens up exciting new possibilities for haplotype analysis in tetraploid breeding populations.
Major differences in glycosylation and fucosyltransferase expression in low-grade versus high-grade bladder cancer cell lines
Authors: Ezeabikwa Bernadette , Mondal Nandini , Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Haslam Stuart M , Matsumoto Yasuyuki , Martin-Caraballo Miguel , Lehoux Sylvain , Mandalasi Msano , Ishaque Ali , Heimburg-Molinaro Jamie , Cummings Richard D , Nyame Anthony K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bladder cancer is the ninth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, and there is a need to develop new biomarkers for staging and prognosis of this disease. Here we report that cell lines derived from low-grade and high-grade bladder cancers exhibit major differences in expression of glycans in surface glycoproteins. We analyzed protein glycosylation in three low-grade bladder cancer cell lines RT4 (grade-1-2), 5637 (grade-2), and SW780 (grade-1), and three high-grade bladder cancer cell lines J82COT (grade-3), T24 (grade-3) and TCCSUP (grade-4), with primary bladder epithelial cells, A/T/N, serving as a normal bladder cell control. Using a variety of approaches including flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, glycomics and gene expression analysis, we observed that the low-grade bladder cancer cell lines RT4, 5637 and SW780 express high levels of the fucosylated Lewis-X antigen (Lex, CD15) (Galβ1–4(Fucα1–3)GlcNAcβ1-R), while normal bladder epithelial A/T/N cells lack Lex expression. T24 and TCCSUP cells also lack Lex, whereas J82COT cells express low levels of Lex. Glycomics analyses revealed other major differences in fucosylation and sialylation of N-glycans between these cell types. O-glycans are highly differentiated, as RT4 cells synthesize core 2-based O-glycans that are lacking in the T24 cells. These differences in glycan expression correlated with differences in RNA expression levels of their cognate glycosyltransferases, including α1–3/4-fucosyltransferase genes. These major differences in glycan structures and gene expression profiles between low- and high-grade bladder cancer cells suggest that glycans and glycosyltransferases are candidate biomarkers for grading bladder cancers.
‘Clean, Fix, and Grant Splendor’: The Making of Diccionario de Autoridades
Authors: Stavans Ilan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hailed as the foundation of modern Spanish-language lexicography, the Diccionario de Autoridades was developed over a period of thirteen years. While it is a window to appreciate the impact of Enlightenment ideas in Spain, it also showcases some of the country's most entrenched phobias, both within and throughout its colonies across the Atlantic. This essay looks at its planning, structure, and publication in political, cultural, and linguistic terms. It analyses its legacy over the Dicionario de la Lengua Española, which is the organ of the Real Academia Española and on other Spanish-language lexicons. And it compares it with the work of Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language and Noah Webster's An American Dictionary of the English Language. The xenophobic motto of the Real Academia Española, ‘Clean, Fix, and Grant Splendor’, long a subject of controversy, is the philosophy behind Autoridades.
Alignment of the magnetic field in star-forming regions and why it might be difficult to observe
Authors: Girichidis Philipp 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields are an important component of the interstellar medium (ISM) and exhibit strongly varying field strengths and a non-trivial correlation with the gas density. Its dynamical impact varies between individual regions of the ISM and correlates with the orientation of the field with respect to the gas structures. Using high-resolution magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of the ISM, we explore the connection between the orientation of the field and the dynamical state of the gas. We find that the onset of gravitational instability in molecular gas above a density of $\rho \sim 10^{-21}\, \mathrm{g\, cm}^{-3}$$(n\sim 400\, \mathrm{cm}^{-3})$ coincides with an alignment of the magnetic field lines and the gas flow. At this transition, the gradient of the density changes from mainly perpendicular to preferentially parallel to the field lines. A connection between the three-dimensional alignment and projected two-dimensional observables is non-trivial, because of a large dispersion of the magnetic field orientation along the line of sight. The turbulent correlation lengths can be small compared to the typical integration lengths. As a consequence, the small-scale signal of the orientation can sensitively depend on the line of sight or the dynamical state of the cloud can fluctuate stochastically or be completely averaged out. With higher spatial resolution more small-scale structures are resolved, which aggravates the link between magneto-hydrodynamical quantities and projected observables.
Open-system Evolution of a Crustal-scale Magma Column, Klamath Mountains, California
Authors: Barnes Calvin G , Coint Nolwenn , Barnes Melanie A , Chamberlain Kevin R , Cottle John M , Rämö O Tapani , Strickland Ariel , Valley John W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study addresses the question of how and where arc magmas obtain their chemical and isotopic characteristics. The Wooley Creek batholith and Slinkard pluton are a tilted, mid- to upper-crustal part of a vertically extensive, late-Jurassic, arc-related magmatic system in the Klamath Mountains, northern California. The main stage of the system is divided into an older lower zone (c. 159 Ma) emplaced as multiple sheet-like bodies, a younger upper zone (c. 158–156 Ma), which is gradationally zoned upward from mafic tonalite to granite, and a complex central zone, which represents the transition between the lower and upper zones. Xenoliths are common and locally abundant in the lower and central zones and preserve a ghost stratigraphy of the three host terranes. Bulk-rock Nd isotope data along with ages and Hf and oxygen isotope data on zircons were used to assess the location and timing of differentiation and assimilation. Xenoliths display a wide range of εNd (whole-rock) and εHf (zircon), ranges that correlate with rocks in the host terranes. Among individual pluton samples, zircon Hf and oxygen isotope data display ranges too large to represent uniform magma compositions, and very few data are consistent with uncontaminated mantle-derived magma. In addition, zoning of Zr and Hf in augite and hornblende indicates that zircon crystallized at temperatures near or below 800 °C; these temperatures are lower than emplacement temperatures. Therefore, the diversity of zircon isotope compositions reflects in situ crystallization from heterogeneous magmas. On the basis of these and published data, the system is interpreted to reflect initial MASH-zone differentiation, which resulted in elevated δ18O and lowered εHf in the magmas prior to zircon crystallization. Further differentiation, and particularly assimilation–fractional crystallization, occurred at the level of emplacement on a piecemeal (local) basis as individual magma batches interacted with partial melts from host-rock xenoliths. This piecemeal assimilation was accompanied by zircon crystallization, resulting in the heterogeneous isotopic signatures. Magmatism ended with late-stage emplacement of isotopically evolved granitic magmas (c. 156 Ma) whose compositions primarily reflect reworking of the deep-crustal MASH environment.
Patronage and Predominance: How the LDP Maintains Its Hold on Power
Authors: REED Steven R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) held power from 1955 until 1993. How did it manage to do so? In 1994 a political reform resulted in competitive elections but, starting in 2012, the LDP regained its predominant position, winning three consecutive landslide victories. How did it manage to do this even after the reform? In this paper I argue that a system of ‘party-organization patronage’, in which the patron is the LDP and the client is an interest group organization, played a significant role in maintaining LDP predominance in both periods. I further argue that the key to explaining changes in the predominant party system is the LDP’s monopoly on access to the public policy making process. When this monopoly faltered, interest group organizations began to put a foot in both camps or even defected to an opposition party but once the LDP’s monopoly was re-established interest groups returned to the LDP fold. In both cases, predominance was established in two steps. First, fortuitous events gave the LDP an overwhelming parliamentary majority and a monopoly on access to policy making. Second, the LDP granted organizations access to policy making in exchange for their votes which helped it maintain its monopoly.
Genetic parameter estimates for bull prolificacy and its relationship with scrotal circumference in a commercial beef cattle population
Authors: Russell Chad A , Pollak E John , Spangler Matthew L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The commercial beef cattle industry relies heavily on the use of natural service sires. When artificial insemination is deemed difficult to implement, multisire breeding pastures are used to increase reproductive rates in large breeding herds or to safe-guard against bull injury during the breeding season. Although each bull might be given an equal opportunity to produce offspring, evidence suggest that there is substantial variation in the number of calves sired by each bull in a breeding pasture. With the use of DNA-based paternity testing, correctly assigning calves to their respective sires in multisire pastures is possible and presents an opportunity to investigate the degree to which this trait complex is under genetic control. Field data from a large commercial ranch was used to estimate genetic parameters for calf count (CC; 574 records from 443 sires) and yearling scrotal circumference (SC; n = 1961) using univariate and bivariate animal models. Calf counts averaged 12.2 ± 10.7 and SC averaged 35.4 ± 2.30 cm. Bulls had an average of 1.30 records and there were 23.9 ± 11.1 bulls per contemporary group. The model for CC included fixed effects of age during the breeding season (in years) and contemporary group (concatenation of breeding pasture and year). Random effects included additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, and a residual. The model for SC included fixed effects of age (in days) and contemporary group (concatenation of month and year of measurement). Random effects included an additive genetic effect and a residual. Univariate model heritability estimates for CC and SC were 0.178 ± 0.142 and 0.455 ± 0.072, respectively. Similarly, the bivariate model resulted in heritability estimates for CC and SC of 0.184 ± 0.142 and 0.457 ± 0.072, respectively. Repeatability estimates for CC from univariate and bivariate models were 0.315 ± 0.080 and 0.317 ± 0.080, respectively. The estimate of genetic correlation between CC and SC was 0.268 ± 0.274. Heritability estimates suggest that both CC and SC would respond favorably to selection. Moreover, CC is lowly repeatable and although favorably correlated, SC appears to be weakly associated with CC.
Association Between USMLE Step 1 Scores and In-Training Examination Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Panda Nikhil , Bahdila Dania , Abdullah Abeer , Ghosh Auyon J. , Lee Sun Yeop , Feldman William B. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
On February 12, 2020, the sponsors of the United States Medical Licensing Examination announced that Step 1 will transition to pass/fail scoring in 2022. Step 1 performance has historically carried substantial weight in the evaluation of residency applicants and as a predictor of subsequent subject-specific medical knowledge. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors sought to determine the association between Step 1 scores and in-training examination (ITE) performance, which is often used to assess knowledge acquisition during residency.

Method
The authors systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science for observational studies published from 1992 through May 10, 2020. Observational studies reporting associations between Step 1 and ITE scores, regardless of medical or surgical specialty, were eligible for inclusion. Pairs of researchers screened all studies, evaluated quality assessment using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and extracted data in a standardized fashion. The primary endpoint was the correlation of Step 1 and ITE scores.

Results
Of 1,432 observational studies identified, 49 were systematically reviewed and 37 were included in the meta-analysis. Overall study quality was low to moderate. The pooled estimate of the correlation coefficient was 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36, 0.48; P < .001), suggesting a weak-to-moderate positive correlation between Step 1 and ITE scores. The random-effects meta-regression found the association between Step 1 and ITE scores was weaker for surgical (versus medical) specialties (beta –0.25 [95% CI: –0.41, –0.09; P = .003]) and fellowship (versus residency) training programs (beta –0.25 [95% CI: –0.47, –0.03; P = .030]).

Conclusions
The authors identified a weak-to-moderate positive correlation between Step 1 and ITE scores based on a meta-analysis of low-to-moderate quality observational data. With Step 1 scoring transitioning to pass/fail, the undergraduate and graduate medical education communities should continue to develop better tools for evaluating medical students.
When Faculty Tell Tales: How Faculty Members’ Reflective Narratives Impact Residents’ Professional Identity Formation
Authors: Khoo See Meng , Wong Xin Lin Serene 
Published: July 2021

Problem
Most training programs have focused on the explicit teaching of professionalism, an approach that has seen limited success, to transform trainees into physicians. It is possible that faculty members’ reflective narratives, if appropriately shared with trainees, can facilitate the processes of reflection and socialization and help shift the training paradigm toward supporting professional identity formation.

Approach
In May 2010, an online forum, where faculty could share personal reflective narratives with all residents and faculty via email, was created for the National University Health System’s internal medicine residency program. By 2016, 40 letters had been written and nearly 200 residents and 30 faculty members had read these. This repository of faculty members’ reflective narratives touches on a broad range of issues related to professionalism, including altruism, humanism, excellence, and accountability. In February 2017, the authors conducted semistructured focus group discussions with 20 residents to explore the impact of faculty members’ reflective narratives on their professional identity development.

Outcomes
Residents reported that narratives, if written by authors who were recognized as role models, triggered the processes of reflection and socialization; were more effective in provoking reflection if they resonated with residents’ experiences; inspired them to follow how their role models reflected on and coped with challenges; and influenced the culture of the workplace, impacting the residents’ daily experiences and leading to socialization and development of their professional identity.

Next Steps
These early observations on the role of faculty members’ reflective narratives highlight the importance of credible role models, the daily work experience, and the culture of the workplace and provide information educators could use to more effectively support trainees’ professional identity formation as they design curricula. Among other things, future studies should explore the role and effectiveness of faculty members’ reflective narratives in different educational contexts.
From emergency department to operating room: interventional analgesia techniques for hip fractures
Authors: Garip Levin , Balocco Angela L. , Van Boxstael Sam 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
To provide an update on pain management options with regional anesthesia for patients with hip fractures at the emergency department (ED).

Recent findings
Patients who sustain a hip fracture are typically admitted and diagnosed in the ED before being transferred to the operating room for surgery. Studies have clearly demonstrated the ability of the fascia iliaca compartment blocks (FICBs) and femoral nerve blocks (FNBs) to reduce pain and the risk of an acute confusional state. Their administration at an early stage of the patient's trajectory in the ED is beneficial. Recent anatomical studies contributed new knowledge of nociception in the hip joint, which allowed the development of more specific infiltration analgesia techniques without muscle weakness (e.g., pericapsular hip blocks). Further research on the timing of nerve blocks and an evaluation of new motor sparing techniques is indicated.

Summary
FICB and FNB are established and recommended techniques in pain management for hip fracture patients. Their use early on in the ED may improve patient comfort and outcome. Pericapsular nerve hip blocks could provide a relevant alternative in future pain management in this group of patients.
Health-related Quality of Life After Childhood Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Rugemalira Emilie , Karppinen Mariia , Savonius Okko , Cruzeiro Manuel Leite , Peltola Heikki , Roine Irmeli , Pelkonen Tuula 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Survivors of bacterial meningitis (BM) often suffer from impaired quality of life that stems from disabling sequelae. The authors aimed to estimate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the influence of neurologic and audiologic sequelae among pediatric BM survivors.

Methods:
Survivors of 2 BM treatment trials at Luanda Children’s Hospital, Angola were evaluated for severity of disability via the modified Glasgow Outcome Scale, which considers neurologic and audiologic sequelae. Children who received vaccinations at the hospital during the time of the study (1–2, 2017) and survivors’ siblings served as controls. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory tool (PedsQL) enabled identifying HRQOL disparities between the cases and controls.

Results:
In all, 68 BM survivors (median time since BM: 28 months) and 35 controls participated. Survivors scored significantly lower than controls per PedsQL parent-proxy reports, indicating lower HRQOL (physical health: 82.5 vs. 100, P = 0.001; psychosocial health: 80 vs. 90, P = 0.005; and total score: 82.61 vs. 93, P = 0.004), while no difference prevailed between cases and controls in PedsQL child self-reporting. In all Glasgow Outcome Scale classes, cases differed significantly from controls in PedsQL parent-proxy reporting terms, with total scores of 84.21 (mild/no disability), 43.54 (moderate disability) and 55.56 (severe disability), while the controls scored 91.3 (P = 0.04, P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions:
Irrespective of possible disability, BM survivors’ HRQOL is impaired, according to parents’ perceptions. There is a need to facilitate follow-ups for all BM survivors, to enable timely rehabilitation when needed.