bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signature Texture Features Extraction Using GLCM Approach in Android Studio
Authors: Dwaich Hussein Awad , Abdulbaqi Huda Abdulaali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Signature Features Extraction is a method for deriving informative values of image signature for indexing and signature identification. It is a dimensionality reduction of image data to be manageable for processing. Image texture is a key spatial attribute used for feature extraction and image coding. However, Android environment lack of efficient algorithm for automatic extracting texture features which may cause serious security issues and unreliability problem in the Android application (app). The challenge in Signature Features Extraction of a mobile app is to be as robust and stable as possible. For that, the present paper presents an efficient algorithm for extracting signature texture features using a gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The image signature is quantized into five texture features of energy feature, entropy feature, contrast feature, dissimilarity feature, and homogeneity feature. The processes developed in the android studio environment to be used in mobile phone cell applications as a tool for signature detection. The results show that the present method provides significant results due to obtained average values and acceptable computational time.
Evaluation of Global Gravitational Models Based on DGPS/leveling Data over Baghdad University (IRAQ)
Authors: Saray Nearan S. , Ghazal Nawal K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
GPS becomes one of the most technical favorite geodesy methods. A major dilemma in GPS survey lies in oval-based elevations, while orthometric heights are commonly used in engineering practice. Converting GPS heights into orthometric heights by applying a precise geode model is therefore necessary. This paper aims to model the local geoid in the using study region (h-H). Compared with many global gravitational models (GGMs) and three of them were selected, namely EGM96, EGM84, and EGM2008. The evaluations of the accuracy of these models and then choose the most accurate and closer to the local geode In the field of work, which is mounted on the campus of the University of Baghdad in the capital of Iraq. Techniques require the use of GGM to represent global differences or long wavelengths of The gravity field of the Earth; the gravitational field of the Earth takes into account much of the direct information about the distributions of mass density in the Earth. It then provides the basis for exploring oil and gas in this respect, and the detection of geodesics forms the basis for exploring minerals. The EGM08 is the closer GGMs to the observed local geodetic dataset, in terms of the difference of geoid undulation that have a maximum of) 0.4011m), a minimum of) 0.3996m), an average of [-0.111256m], and a standard deviation of[ ±0.152859m].
Fuzzy Ideals of KK-algebra
Authors: Hameed Areej Tawfeeq , Faleh Huda Ali , Abed Ahmed Hamzah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is introduce the notion of fuzzy ideal of KK-algebra, “several properties, theorems are proved and stated”. “The fuzzy relations” on KK-“algebras are also studied”.
Hyper Fuzzy AT-ideals of AT-algebra
Authors: Ali Saba Hussein , Kareem Fatema F. , Hameed Areej Tawfeeq 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of hyper fuzzy AT-ideals on hyper AT-algebra. Also, hyper fuzzy AT-subalgebras and fuzzy hyper AT-ideal of hyper AT-algebras are studied. We study on the fuzzy theory of hyper AT-subalgebras and hyper AT-ideal of hyper AT-algebras. Furthermore, the fuzzy set theory of the (weak, strong, s-weak) hyper fuzzy ATideals in hyper AT-algebras are applied and the relations among them are obtained.
On Small Semiprime Modules
Authors: Ramadhan Haider A. , Mothafar Nuhad S. Al. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with an identity, and G be a unitary R-module. We say that an R-module G is small semiprime if (0
G
) is small Semiprime submodule of G. Equivalently, an R-module G is small semiprime iff ann ρ= vÄP for each proper small submodule ρ of G. We have given and demonstrated some of the characterizations and features of these types of modules in this paper.
Community structure-aware fairness and goodness algorithm for link weight prediction
Authors: Atiya Hiba Rashid , Nawaf Huda Naji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, the problem of predicting the edge weight in the Bitcoin network has been resolved by utilizing the structure of the community based Fairness and Goodness. Community detection using Newman-Girvan algorithm has been applied to obtaine the trusted communities which depends on the features representation generally. The former may represent the trusted transactions that have trust value more that certain threshold. Concering the missing edge weight, the prediction is based on the fairness and goodness that supported by the above communities. In fairness measure, can capture how fair the node is in rating other nodes’ trust that has transactions (trusted transactions) with. While the goodness of a node shows how much this node is liked or trusted by other nodes that have transactions (trusted transactions) with. In both cases, only the nodes that are within community of the target node contribute with setting the fairness or the goodness of the target. The model was evaluated in practice using two real-world datasets; the Bitcoin-OTC and the Bitcoin-Alpha datasets. The experimental findings explain the effectiveness of the proposed comparable with other methods. The percentage error minimization is 18% for the Alpha dataset and 26% for OTC dataset.
Evaluation key generator of Multiple Asymmetric methods in Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs)
Authors: Hamza Aseel Hamoud , Al-Alak Saif M. Kh. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The wireless sensor network (WSNs) is constructed with a combination of the sensor nodes and the sink nodes. WSNs applied in many applications. The Security in WSNs is necessary because of limitations of storage, computing capacity, power use. Encryption is one of the most important tools utilized to supply the security services for WSNs. Asymmetric and symmetric encryption algorithm can be utilized in the WSNs structure to supply the security. The asymmetric key encryption algorithm gives a higher level of the security, but compared to symmetric key encryption, that causes extra sensor overhead. In this research KCMA method used to generate chains key of twelve experiments of the algorithms (ECC, RSA, ELGamal). These chains merged with hash function SHA2 and XOR. Diehard test was utilized in all experiments to evaluate the randomness of the secret key generated, and show it’s more security system. SHA2 was the best as compared with XOR. Also, the work evaluated the performance (time) for the system and throughput network.
Measurable SB-Functions Space And Confine MŞB-Function Topology
Authors: Al-Abbasi Hasanain , Al-Swidi Lauy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The first aim of this work is to introduce a new function space called the measurable set-valued Borel functions space and new topological space called the confine measurable set-valued Borel function topology on the set of the measurable set-valued Borel functions. Second is to introduce new properties and relations by study this new space.
ICMetric Security System for Achieving Embedded Devices Security
Authors: Al_Dosary Duaa , Ali Alheeti Khattab M , Al-Rawi Salah Sleibi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The interesting with embedded systems is related to the matters of providing privacy and security. There is a need to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the system. The methods such as passwords can be stolen or forgotten therefore the security of any data kept on the system can be exposed by any unauthorised access. In this paper, a new proposal is introduced that exploits Integrated Circuit Metrics (ICMetric) technology to provide identification and improve system security. ICMetric generates device identification based on the features of a device. In this paper, device identification can be generated by using the MEMS sensors, which are gyroscope and magnetometer embedded in many devices. The experiment is based on sensors embedded in intelligent wheelchair. Readings are obtained from the sensors and analysed mathematically and statistically to generate ICMetric number that used to provide identification of the device. ICMetric number is integrated to the dataset extracted from the trace file generated by network simulator version two (ns-2). If the system is attacked, there will be no theft because the ICMetric is not stored on the system and can be regenerated when necessary. The proposed system shows that the using of MEMS sensors to generate ICMetric number increase authentication and security of the system. The simulation results have been compared and studied for high levels of performance metrics and detection capability.
The product of Gamma Subacts of Multiplication Gamma Act
Authors: Abbas M. S. , Adnan Samer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the notion of prime gamma subact and study some of its properties. Also, we define the concept of product gamma subacts of gamma act, particularly product gamma subacts of multiplication gamma act then we obtain some related results. Using our concept to introduce new mathematical system which is called the semigroup associative with multiplication gamma act and its basic properties are discussed. Also, by definition of product gamma subacts, we introduce the concept of gamma nilpotent. Finally, the concepts of (meet principal and weak meet principle ) gamma subact are introduced to study the product of multiplication gamma ideals of gamma semigroups. Relation among the multiplication, meet principal and weak meet principle gamma subacts are investigated.
Using a new line search method with gradient direction to solve nonlinear systems of equations
Authors: Hashim Karrar Habeeb , Shiker Mushtak A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The line search techniques together with the Newton method are the best methods to solve nonlinear systems of equations. These methods use the gradient directions because they required low storage. In this paper, we suggest a new line search algorithm with gradient direction to solve the nonlinear systems of equations. The purpose of this algorithm is to reduce the number of iterations and the function evaluations, and it can increase the effectiveness of the approach. The algorithms global convergence is proved. The numerical results indicates the efficiency of the new algorithm and it is promised for solving nonlinear systems of equations.
Solving Systems of Nonlinear Monotone Equations by Using a New Projection Approach
Authors: Mahdi Mohammed M. , Dwail Hasan Hadi , Wasi H. A. , Hashim Karrar Habeeb , Dreeb Nabiha kahtan , Hussein Hussein Ali , Shiker Mushtak A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The projection technique is one of the famous method and highly useful to solve the optimization problems and nonlinear systems of equations. In this work, a new projection approach for solving systems of nonlinear monotone equation is proposed combining with the conjugate gradient direction because of their low storage. The new algorithm can be used to solve the large-scale nonlinear systems of equations and satisfy the sufficient descent condition. The new algorithm generates appropriate direction then employs a good line search along this direction to reach a new point. If this point solves the problem then the algorithm stops, otherwise, it constructs a suitable hyperplane that strictly separate the current point from the solution set. The next iteration is obtained by projection the new point onto the separating hyperplane. We proved that the line search of the new projection algorithm is well defined. Furthermore, we established the global convergence under some mild conditions. The numerical experiment indicates that the new method is effective and very well.
Review on Anatomical Medical Images Classification Methods: Diagnostic Value
Authors: Yousif Ahmed Sabeeh , Sheikh Usman Ullah , Omar Zaid , Mahmood Omar Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Deep learning (DL) based convolutional neural network (CNN) has grown rapidly and become a selected choice for medical imaging fields. The paper reviews into three categories; 1) exploring the supervised machine learning methods, 2) reviews the limitations in deep learning, 3) and finally reviews the majors deep learning techniques within a specific summarized on lesion classification-based DL in term of (application, method, type of lesion diseases classification, cons).
Approximate Solutions and Error Bounds for Continuous-Time Separated Linear Programming Problem and Its Extensions
Authors: Khlefh Ahmed Rasheed , Al-Salih Rasheed , Laith Watheq 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Continuous-time separated linear programming problems have a wide range of real-world applications such as in business, economics, finances, communications, manufacturing, and so on. In this paper, we extend the technique that is presented by Wen et al. [1] for two classes of these problems. We introduce both primal and dual models for separated problems. In addition, by using discrete problems we obtain approximate solutions with error bounds. Moreover, we establish a computational procedure, to solve any separated continuous-time model and any state-constrained separated model. Furthermore, after we put the separated problem in the form that is presented by Wen et al. [1], we conclude that approximate solutions converge to an optimal solution for continuous-time separated problems.
A Survey of Sobel Edge Detection VLSI Architectures
Authors: Sri Chakrapani Y , Venkatewsara Rao N , Kamaraju M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Edge detection is an essential processused to determine the object margins in most of the computer vision applications. Sobel edge detection algorithm, which is a simple method of edge detection, detects edges of various objects in an image. Real-time image applications need to be processed with large pixel data for a given time interval. So, Most of the VLSI architectures proposed for implementing sobeledge detection systems use FPGA, due to the parallel computing and reconfigurable feature. So, this paper introduces various VLSI architectures of sobel edge detection and comparesthe parameters like execution time, power dissipation with respect to similar input image size, different clock frequencies.
Performance Analysis of 5:2 compressor with 58 transistors
Authors: Bhavani Kothakonda Durga , Sireesha R , Raju Kongala , Ganesh Kumar M , Naik RatalaKoteswara , Nagedram Sanam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present generation of VLSI domain, designing a circuit with less power, area, and delay has become challenge for every designer. In this article we have design and implemented a design for 5:2 compressor which is the vital component in CMOS multiplier circuits. The proposed compressor circuit design requires less transistor count i.e. 58 transistors. The Simulation results of proposed 5:2 compressor has substantially expanded the performance of power delay in contrast to earlier designs.
Temperature aware variable time-slot assignment priority-based routing algorithm for WBANs in IoT based eHealthcare systems
Authors: Rajendra Prasad Ch. , Bojja Polaiah , Kumari Pamula Raja , Girirajan B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The wireless body area networks are an integral part of the Internet of Things for eHealthcare applications. These networks suffer from two major problems such as energy consumption and lifetime of the overall network. To address these problems, a temperature aware priority-based routing algorithm for WBANs is proposed. This algorithm employs temperature aware routing, priority-based routing, and variable time-slot assignment. The temperature-aware routing enhances the stability of the overall network by providing an alternate route. The priority-based routing facilitates reliable data transmission among the sink and the sensor nodes which will enhance the lifetime of the overall network. The variable time-slot assignment in the scheduling phase prevents the collisions by employing a new synchronization schem e which will minimize overall network energy consumption. The performance proposed algorithm was analyzed with three network parameters and the results showed improved performance as compared with the traditional routing protocols.
Development of Blink Restoration Model for Facial Paralysis Detection
Authors: Kalivaraprasad  , Prasad VD. M , Harshavardhan L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
On account of blink feature, patients suffer from facial paralysis that lead to disfiguration and loss of vision. Ultimately, facial pacing aims to improve the the standard of life of individuals suffering from facial unilateral paralysis A device is designed that can analyze electromyography signals from the healthy side of the face eye and trigger the corresponding muscle with electrical stimulation on the paralysed side simultaneously. FES is one of the possible ways for restoration of blink of these patients. The system modelled will achieve the EMG signal extraction and blink detection algorithm for stimulation by real time signals. Finally, the device has been experimented on humans, rabbits, dogs with EMG signal data set. The attenuation of power frequency is about 51dB with 80% accuracy.
Design of Concurrent Dual-Band Band Pass Filter using Hybrid Metal insulator Metal for Nanoscale Applications
Authors: Bitra Surendra Kumar , Sridhar M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, investigation on Hybrid Metal Insulator Metal (HMIM) plasmonic waveguide (PWG) filters for dual-band applications. The filters are designed using circular ring resonator (CRR) and CRR with single as well as dual slits. The filters are connected using coupled line feed. The dual-band Band Pass Filter (BPF) characteristics can be realized by varying radius (r) and gap (g) between the feed and ring resonator. The proposed CRRs are operated at THz frequencies. The filters are designed and simulated using commercially available CST studio suite software under Perfect Matched Layer (PML) boundary conditions by keeping 5 nm x 5 nm mesh size. The transmission and reflection characteristics of the filters are explained by the resonance conditions, which agrees with theoretical calculations. The proposed work is best suitable for the plasmonic integrated optical circuits for nanoscale applications.
Design and Analysis of a Circularly polarized flexible, compact and transparent antenna for Vehicular Communication Applications
Authors: Anil Babu B , Madhav BTP , Vineel B , Chandini G , Amrutha Ch , Rao MC 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A Compact, flexible, and circularly polarized transparent monopole antenna is proposed for vehicular communication applications by IEEE 802.1p standard. Canopy mesh is used as a conductive layer and the PDMS substrate is used as a substrate with dielectric constant e
r = 2.66 and loss tangent tan 6= 0.023. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 20 × 20 × 1 mm3. The rectangular patch with a T-shape slot with a truncated corner and partial ground provide resonant frequency at 5.85 GHz with a reflection coefficient (S11) bandwidth of 5.2-6.86 GHz (1.66 GHz) and axial ratio(dB) bandwidth of 5.7 GHz-6.14 GHz (404 MHz).
High Level Synchronization and Computations of Feed Forward Cut-Set based Multiply Accumulate Unit
Authors: Srikanth I , Aunmetha S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In a modern technology-based application, digital signal processing (DSP) is a major priority one, in this gadgets application, the Multiply Accumulate Unit (MAC) will occupy more memory usages, power consumptions and critical path delay. Due to the number of arithmetic operations, this MAC unit will play’s a major role in this application product. Thus, the pipelined based architecture will be used to reduce the number of critical paths delay and to improve the performance of MAC architecture. However, the number of flip flops will be increased in the MAC unit, due to number of pipelined architectures. Consequently, it will increase the area and the power consumption. Thus, proposed work of this paper will get a novelty process of feed forward cut-set based MAC architecture with high level synchronization of XOR-MUX full adder with compressor technique. It will reduce the number of logic gates in MAC architecture and hence prove the performance in FPGA Implementation of LUT based area, critical path delay and average power consumption.
A Comprehensive Review on Millimeter Waves Applications and Antennas
Authors: Chittimoju Gayatri , Yalavarthi Usha Devi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Millimeter wave (mmWave) bands attract large research interest as they can potentially lead to data rate of almost 10Gbits/sec and huge available bandwidth where as the microwave frequencies are limited to 1Gbits/s. This paper presents a comprehensive review of millimeter wave communications, frequency bands proposed by ITU, applications of mmWaves, advantages, limitations, challenges and research directions. Various antennas proposed by researchers for mmWave applications are described in detail. The described models are analyzed and compared with common antenna parameters. Applications like HD gaming, ultra high definition multimedia, security and surveillance demand for high data rates and more bandwidth. These all applications will drive mmWvaes technology to develop and offer wide bandwidths with high speed data.
Investigation of partially crystalline metallic glass Fe38Ni36B18Si8
Authors: Hrvat K , Lozančić M , Sulejmanović S , Gazdić I , Bajrović N , Salčinović Fetić A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Partially crystalline metallic glass Fe38Ni36B18Si8 was produced by rapidly solidifying in the form of ribbon. Chemical composition and homogeneity of the sample were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy, equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The diffractogram exhibits a characteristic diffuse halo pattern superimposed with crystalline peaks, indicating existence of crystalline phases. The crystallization kinetics in non-isothermal conditions was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The electrical resistivity and the dimensions of samples Fe38Ni36B18Si8 were measured at room temperature. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity was studied from 80 to 273 K. The measurements have shown a positive coefficient of electrical resistivity.
Effect of alloy powder on the properties of ZTA particles reinforced high chromium cast iron composites
Authors: Zeng Hongbin , Sui Yudong , Niu Ge , He Han , Jiang Yehua , Zhou Mojin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Micrometer scale zirconia toughened alumina particles (ZTAp) reinforced high chromium cast iron (HCCI) matrix composites were prepared by the non-pressure infiltration casting process, which solved the poor compounding of micrometer scale ceramic particle preforms under seepage. The effects of the microstructure and the mechanical properties of ZTAp reinforced HCCI matrix composites by micro-powder contents in the preforms were systematically investigated. Alloy powder content of 65 wt.%, 55 wt.%, 45 wt.%, 35 wt.% and 25 wt.% was added to the composite material respectively. Phases of the composites was identified by optical microscope (OM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The best compressive properties of the composites were obtained when the content of alloy powder at 45 wt.%, which the strain reached 6.32% with a stress of 1229.63 ± 39.05 MPa. The fracture mechanism of the ZTAp reinforced HCCI composites mainly was brittle fracture and the ductile fracture was minor. This study shows that the addition of micrometer powder was contributed to improve the organization and properties of the ZTAp reinforced HCCI matrix composites. The reinforcement mechanism of composites not only depends on the load sharing of the reinforcing particles, the strength of the matrix was also critical.