bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal and growth inhibitory effects of some thymol derivatives on the beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their impact on detoxification enzymes
Authors: Pengsook Anchulee , Tharamak Sorachat , Keosaeng Kanta , Koul Opender , Bullangpoti Vasakorn , Kumrungsee Nutchaya , Pluempanupat Wanchai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThymol is a known natural product with insecticidal activity against several insect species. A recent study on structural modifications of thymol to thymyl esters and their efficacy againstSpodoptera liturasuggested that such an approach could develop generalized novel insecticides/insect growth inhibitors and requires further studies to establish the efficacy against lepidopterans.RESULTSThymol and structurally modified eight esters were evaluated against beet armyworm,Spodoptera exiguausing the topical application. Thymyl butanoate was the most toxic compound with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 2.33 and 1.62 μg/larva after 24 and 48 h posttreatment, respectively. All thymyl esters were potentially better than the parent compound thymol, except thymyl dibromoacetate, in their efficacy againstSpodoptera exigua. Essentially, there were three levels of activityvis‐à‐visthe compounds used, that is, with the LD50range of 1.5 to 5.0, 7.0 to 15.0, and > 20 μg/larva, respectively. Ovicidal activity and reduction in larval growth were also determined by treating third instars at sub‐lethal doses, that is, LD50doses of second instars. Thymyl butanoate treated larvae inhibited glutathioneS‐transferase, carboxylesterase, and acetylcholinesterase activities, whereas the other thymyl esters induced these enzymes.CONCLUSIONThymyl butanoate exhibited higher toxicity againstSpodoptera exiguaand is the first to report about > 15.5× more toxicity than thymol and > 6.5× than thymyl cinnamate, which suggests that the efficacy was species‐specificversusthe chemical structural variation of the esters. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A conceptual framework studying transnational immigrant family experiences: The phenomenon of Chinese seasonal parents/grandparents in New Zealand
Authors: Liu Liangni Sally , Ran Guanyu Jason 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite heightened scholarly attention paid to transnational immigrant families since the 1990s, a systematic analysis framework explaining the formation of these family experiences has been absent. Building on a 3‐year qualitative research project (2017–2020) investigating the multigenerational dynamics of new Chinese immigrant families from the People's Republic of China living in New Zealand, through exploring the formation of the seasonal parents/grandparents phenomenon within those families, this paper introduces an analysis framework to systematically interrogate the factors shaping diverse transnational family experiences. The proposed analysis framework builds upon an inclusive paradigm, which allows the future investigation of transnational family experience to trace multilevel impact factors behind its formation (i.e., microlevel family dynamics, mesolevel living environment and macrolevel institutional foundations). Additionally, it also highlights the interactivity of those diverse impact factors within and across different levels, as well as the spatial and temporal dimensions of transnational family lives.
High‐dimensional classification based on nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation under unknown and inhomogeneous variances
Authors: Park Hoyoung , Baek Seungchul , Park Junyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe propose a new method in high‐dimensional classification based on estimation of high‐dimensional mean vector under unknown and unequal variances. Our proposed method is based on a semi‐parametric model that combines nonparametric and parametric models for mean and variance, respectively. Our proposed method is designed to be robust to the structure of the mean vector, while most existing methods are developed for some specific cases such as either sparse or non‐sparse case of the mean vector. In addition, we also consider estimating mean and variance separately under nonparametric empirical Bayes framework that has advantage over existing nonparametric empirical Bayes classifiers based on standardization. We present simulation studies showing that our proposed method outperforms a variety of existing methods. Application to real data sets demonstrates robustness of our method to various types of data sets, while all other methods produce either sensitive or poor results for different data sets.
Quasi‐Isotropically Thermal Conductive, Highly Transparent, Insulating and Super‐Flexible Polymer Films Achieved by Cross Linked 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: An Lulu , Gu Rong , Zhong Bo , Wang Jilin , Zhang Junyan , Yu Yuanlie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolymer‐based thermal management materials (TIMs) show great potentials as TIMs due to their excellent properties, such as high insulation, easy processing, and good flexibility. However, the limited thermal conductivity seriously hinders their practical applications in high heat generation devices. Herein, highly transparent, insulating, and super‐flexible cellulose reinforced polyvinyl alcohol/nylon12 modified hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet (PVA/(CNC/PA‐BNNS)) films with quasi‐isotropic thermal conductivity are successfully fabricated through a vacuum filtration and subsequent self‐assembly process. A special structure composed of horizontal stacked hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BNNSs) connected by their warping edges in longitudinal direction, which is strengthened by cellulose nanocrystals, is formed in PVA matrix during self‐assembly process. This special structure makes the PVA/(CNC/PA‐BNNS) films show excellent thermal conductivity with an in‐plane thermal conductivity of 14.21 W m−1 K−1 and a through‐plane thermal conductivity of 7.29 W m−1 K−1. Additionally, the thermal conductive anisotropic constants of the as‐obtained PVA/(CNC/PA‐BNNS) films are in the range of 1 to 4 when the h‐BNNS contents change from 0 to 60 wt%, exhibiting quasi‐isotropic thermal conductivity. More importantly, the PVA/(CNC/PA‐BNNS) films exhibit excellent transparency, super flexibility, outstanding mechanical strength, and electric insulation, making them very promising as TIMs for highly efficient heat dissipation of diverse electronic devices.
Increasing the Energy Gap between Band‐Edge and Trap States Slows Down Picosecond Carrier Trapping in Highly Luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Sung Young Mo , Kim Tae‐Gon , Yun Dong‐Jin , Lim Mihye , Ko Dong‐Su , Jung Changhoon , Won Nayoun , Park Sungjun , Jeon Woo Sung , Lee Hyo Sug , Kim Jung‐Hwa , Jun Shinae , Sul Soohwan , Hwang Sungwoo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐toxic InP‐based nanocrystals have been developed for promising candidates for commercial optoelectronic applications and they still require further improvement on photophysical properties, compared to Cd‐based quantum dots (QDs), for better device efficiency and long‐term stability. It is, therefore, essential to understand the precise mechanism of carrier trapping even in the state‐of‐the‐art InP‐based QD with near‐unity luminescence. Here, it is shown that using time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements of systematically size‐controlled InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with the quantum yield close to one, carrier trapping decreases with increasing the energy difference between band‐edge and trap states, indicating that the process follows the energy gap law, well known in molecular photochemistry for nonradiative internal conversion between two electronic states. Similar to the molecular view of the energy gap law, it is found that the energy gap between the band‐edge and trap states is closely associated with ZnSe phonons that assist carrier trapping into defects in highly luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs. These findings represent a striking departure from the generally accepted view of carrier trapping mechanism in QDs in the Marcus normal region, providing a step forward understanding how excitons in nanocrystals interact with traps, and offering valuable guidance for making highly efficient and stable InP‐based QDs.
Enhancing Li‐Ion Affinity of Molybdenum Dioxide/Carbon Fabric to Achieve High Pseudocapacitance
Authors: Liu Qiyu , Zhang Haozhe , Yang Fan , Geng Hongbo , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Yanxia , Lu Xihong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh‐energy electrodes at high mass loadings (usually >8.0 mg cm−2) are desired for aqueous pseudocapacitors. Yet, how to overcome the thickness‐dependent resistance increase of ion/electron transport in pseudocapacitive materials is still challenging. Herein, a high‐performance electrode (denoted as AMC) adapted to high mass loading is achieved by promoting the Li‐ion affinity of 3D MoO2/carbon fabric. The experimental results and corresponding computational results reveal that the oxygen‐activated surface of AMC, combined with the wettability and conductivity superiority of 3D graphite network, significantly facilitates the Li‐ion adsorption and diffusion at the electrode/electrolyte interface, even at large thicknesses. Consequently, even at a high mass loading up to 8.1 mg cm−2, the AMC electrode also displays an impressive specific capacity (567.5 C g−1 at 2.5 A g−1), substantially superior to most advanced pseudocapacitive electrodes. The strategy of boosting energy characteristic by enhancing the affinity of charge carriers is applicable to other pseudocapacitive electrodes.
Procyanidin protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from high glucose by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Li Rong , Li Hongsong , Zhang Qian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe damage of hyperglycemia to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a critical event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Procyanidin (PC), a kind of polyphenol compounds, has shown to be effective in preventing and treating diabetes as well as its complications, in which autophagy disorder is involved in the pathological mechanism. However, it remains unclear whether PC can play a protective role in DR by regulating the autophagy of RPE. Here, the effect of PC on RPE under high glucose conditions and the role of autophagy were investigated.Materials and MethodsThe cell viability of ARPE‐19, a human RPE cell line, was detected by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of apoptosis markers, including Bax, Bcl‐2, and Caspase‐3, as well as autophagy markers including LC3, p62, p53, and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. Autophagic flux in ARPE‐19 cells was detected by transfection with Ad‐mCherry‐GFP‐LC3B.ResultsUnder high glucose conditions, the viability of ARPE‐19 was decreased and the apoptosis rate increased, the protein expressions of Bax, Caspase‐3, LC3‐II/LC3‐I, and p‐p53 were all increased and the expressions of Bcl‐2, p62, and p‐mTOR decreased, and autophagic flux was increased compared with that of the controls. Treatment with PC weakened all these changes caused by high glucose. When rapamycin (RPM), an autophagy agonist was added, the cell viability of ARPE‐19 by PC treatment was decreased while the apoptosis was increased.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that through the p53/mTOR autophagy pathway, PC may protect RPE cells from high glucose‐induced injury.
Microwave‐assisted production of biochar from oil palm mesocarp fiber and its dye removal properties
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Fakhrul Syukri Abd , Musa Nur Fashya , Sedran Ulises , Pujro Richard , Zakaria Zainul Akmar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMalaysia is one of the largest producers of palm oil in the world, which inevitably would also result in huge production of oil palm biomass. Without proper management, this biomass could pose serious environmental problems. Oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) is one type of oil palm biomass which can be processed further for useful application such as dye removal from water. In the present study, OPMF was thermally treated using microwave‐assisted pyrolysis. The sample was characterized (proximate, ultimate, lignin content, BET, FTIR, and SEM) and investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer. The activation energy and pre‐exponential factor achieved from the Kissinger, Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall (OFW) methods were 159.74, 161.90, 163.29 kJ mol−1, and 1.02 × 10−10, 1.90 × 10−13, 3.79 × 10−17 min−1, respectively. The dye removal performance was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) with parameters of initial concentration of MB, contact time, biochar dosage, temperature and pH. The kinetics of MB removal by OPMF was best described using the pseudo‐second order kinetic model, followed by Elovich, pseudo‐first order and Weber‐Morris. As a conclusion, OPMF generated from oil palm processing has the potential to be used as alternative raw materials to produce biochar for dye removal application.
Creating a Classroom Vision for Teaching Writing
Authors: Graham Steve 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIf children are to receive the writing instruction they need and deserve, it is essential that teachers develop a coherent and well‐constructed vision for teaching writing. This article provides an example of how such a vision can be created. It is based on three assumptions. One, developing a vision for teaching writing should be guided by theory. This provides a framework for thinking about how writing instruction should proceed. Two, visions for teaching writing should be informed by the best scientific evidence available. This increases the likelihood that the resulting vision is an effective plan. Three, theory and evidence‐based writing practices are necessary but not sufficient for developing classroom visions for teaching writing. Teachers need to bring their own knowledge, gained through experience, to this process. Collectively, these three ingredients make it possible for teachers to make informed, judicious, and intelligent decisions when constructing a vision for teaching writing.
Transient atrial fibrillation following total pneumonectomy for the treatment of a primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma, managed with one‐lung ventilation in a dog
Authors: Szewczyk Anna Maria , Merlin Tristan , Norgate Daisy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn 8‐year and 2‐month‐old 37.2 kg crossbreed dog was presented with a persistent cough. Thoracic computed tomography was performed and identified a large lobar mass sitting within the left main stem bronchus. The mass was deemed operable, but considering the unique technical challenges associated with the surgery (need for specific ventilation strategies and risk of major haemorrhage) a guarded prognosis was given. A total left‐sided pneumonectomy via a lateral thoracotomy was performed. One‐lung ventilation was required in order to allow surgical access. During the surgery, the dog suddenly developed atrial fibrillation, which converted back to a normal sinus rhythm (SR) during the recovery period. The dog recovered uneventfully following the return to SR and was discharged 72 hours after the surgery. Histopathological results of the lung mass concluded to a primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma.
Long‐term reproductive evaluation of a bitch neonatally treated with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist
Authors: Marchetti Cynthia , Faya Marcela , Priotto Marcelo , Grisolia‐Romero Mariela , Gobello Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn mammals, high concentrations of gonadotropins are necessary early in life to reach a full‐sized pool of ovarian follicles at the age of puberty. This case report describes the reproductive status of a 28‐month‐old, 9.1 kg, crossbred bitch (Bitch 1) which had been treated neonatally with 18.8 deslorelin acetate subcutaneously for contraceptive purposes. The female had just passed pubertal oestrus when hormones were measured and then spayed. The ovaries were histologically assessed. Two crossbred bitches were used for comparisons. Bitch 1's anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and progesterone serum concentrations were 0.35 and 16.7 ng/ml, respectively. The total number of ovarian follicles and proportions were normal and the number of primary and antral follicles was increased. These findings might suggest an enhanced recruitment of the follicle pool to the growing population which could be related to the relatively low AMH concentrations.
(Politik-)didaktische Handlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Straub Sarah , Baumgardt Iris , Lange Dirk 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungAnhand der empirischen Ergebnisse werden didaktische Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet. Diese zielen darauf ab, Jugendliche besser in ihrer Bildungs- bzw. Berufsentscheidung zu unterstützen. Dafür wird die Erweiterung der schulischen Berufsorientierungsangebote und Elternbildung: oder beispielsweise eine reflektierende Berufsorientierung mit Fokus auf Gendergerechtigkeit angestrebt. Darüber hinaus wird Berufsorientierung als Inhalt der Lehrer*innenbildung vorgestellt.
Conclusio
Authors: Straub Sarah , Baumgardt Iris , Lange Dirk 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie empirische Studie zeigt, dass das soziale Umfeld den größten Einfluss auf Bildungs- und Berufsaspirationen hat. Als Berufsorientierungsmaßnahme steht die Praxiserfahrung im Mittelpunkt, denn Vorbilder und Erfahrungsberichte aus der Praxis werden von den Viertklässler*innen der Sek I in Wien als ausschlaggebend für die Berufswahl betrachtet. Eine subjektorientierte Berufsorientierung in der Pflichtschule, die den individuellen Lernprozess der Schüler*innen berücksichtigt, wird als richtungsweisend für künftige didaktische Überlegungen und eine Ausrichtung der Berufsorientierung gesehen. Die Berufsorientierung nimmt dabei eine wichtige Rolle innerhalb der politischen Bildung ein, da sie die Grundlage für eine aktive Teilhabe am sozialen und ökonomischen Leben darstellt.
Demographische Entwicklungen im Kontext der Entwicklungen von AAL-Technologien
Authors: Sailer Marcel 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer demographische Wandel stellt die wohl nachhaltigsten Anforderungen an die Gesellschaft und deren Sozialsysteme, respektive auch an das Gesundheitssystem. Nicht zuletzt deshalb werden demographische Entwicklungen initial zu allen gesundheitspolitischen Herausforderungen referenziert.
AAL in Anwendungsszenarien
Authors: Hänisch Till 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Beiträge dieses Kapitels wurden von Studierenden der DHBW Heidenheim im Rahmen eines Integrationsseminars geschrieben (Anm.: bis auf den Artikel zum Thema Digitale Phänotypisierung, der im Rahmen einer ähnlichen Veranstaltung an der Hochschule Aalen entstanden ist). Das Integrationsseminar, eine Besonderheit der Dualen Hochschule, hat diesen Namen, weil es – auf mehreren Ebenen – zusammenbringt, was sonst leider oft mehr oder weniger getrennt bleibt.
Lösungsansätze
Authors: Sailer Marcel , Mahr Andreas , Reichstein Christopher , Härting Ralf-Christian , Häfner Felix , Steiner Barbara , Zenker Marc , Stechow Richard , Blotenberg Britta , Seeling Stefanie 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungKap. 6 beschäftigt sich auf Basis der identifizierten Herausforderungen und dargestellten Anwendungsszenarien mit theoretischen und praktischen Lösungsansätzen. Hierzu gehört, dass kunden- und marktorientierte AAL-Systeme (Beitrag 6.1) geschaffen werden, welche „Nutzen“ erzeugen.
The universe from a single particle. Part II
Authors: Freedman Michael , Zini Modjtaba Shokrian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We continue to explore, in the context of a toy model, the hypothesis that the interacting universe we see around us could result from single particle (undergraduate) quantum mechanics via a novel spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) acting at the level of probability distributions on Hamiltonians (rather than on states as is familiar from both Ginzburg-Landau superconductivity and the Higgs mechanism). In an earlier paper [1] we saw qubit structure emerge spontaneously on ℂ4 and ℂ8, and in this work we see ℂ6 spontaneously decomposing as ℂ2 ⊗ ℂ3 and very curiously ℂ5 (and ℂ7) splitting off one (one or three) directions and then factoring. This evidence provides additional support for the broad hypothesis: Nature will seek out tensor decompositions where none are present. We consider how this finding may form a basis for the origins of interaction and ask if it can be related to established foundational discussions such as string theory.
Long-term Follow-up and Histological Correlation of Peripheral Nervous System Alterations in Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Authors: Godel Tim , Bäumer Philipp , Farschtschi Said , Püschel Klaus , Hofstadler Barbara , Heiland Sabine , Gelderblom Mathias , Bendszus Martin , Hagel Christian , Mautner Victor-Felix 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine long-term alterations of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the peripheral nerve in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) by in vivo high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) and their correlation to histology.

Methods
In this prospective study the lumbosacral DRG, the right sciatic, tibial, and peroneal nerves were examined in 6 patients diagnosed with NF2 and associated polyneuropathy (PNP) by a standardized MRN protocol at 3 T. Volumes of DRG L3–S2 as well as peripheral nerve lesions were assessed and compared to follow-up examinations after 14–100 months. In one patient, imaging findings were further correlated to histology.

Results
Follow-up MRN examination showed a non-significant increase of volume for the DRG L3: +0.41% (p = 0.10), L4: +22.41% (p = 0.23), L5: +3.38% (p = 0.09), S1: +10.63% (p = 0.05) and S2: +1.17% (p = 0.57). Likewise, peripheral nerve lesions were not significantly increased regarding size (2.18 mm2 vs. 2.15 mm2, p = 0.89) and number (9.00 vs. 9.33, p = 0.36). Histological analyses identified schwannomas as the major correlate of both DRG hyperplasia and peripheral nerve lesions. For peripheral nerve microlesions additionally clusters of onion-bulb formations were identified.

Conclusion
Peripheral nervous system alterations seem to be constant or show only a minor increase in adult NF2. Thus, symptoms of PNP may not primarily attributed to the initial schwannoma growth but to secondary long-term processes, with symptoms only occurring if a certain threshold is exceeded. Histology identified grouped areas of Schwann cell proliferations as the correlate of DRG hyperplasia, while for peripheral nerve lesions different patterns could be found.