bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of a prebiotic and natural sweeteners on the sensory profile of skyr yogurt with mango pulp
Authors: Pereira Cecília Teresa Muniz , Pereira Dalva Muniz , Bolini Helena Maria André 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSkyr yogurts have been gaining prominence because of their different sensory characteristics. Due to their healthy appeal, the use of natural sweeteners to replace sucrose in this type of yogurt can be an alternative for incorporating a sweet taste, in addition to increasing the functionality of the product through the incorporation of prebiotics. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of fructooligosaccharide (FOS), sucrose, stevia, and thaumatin affects the sensory profile of the skyr yogurt with mango pulp and its acceptance in two Brazilian regions. Eight formulations of skyr with mango pulp were developed. The compositional parameters evaluated were moisture, protein, lipids, ash, and carbohydrate. The tests performed were ideal sweetness and mango flavor, sweetness equivalence for each sweetener used, Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), and consumer testing in the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil. In general, the addition of FOS did not impact the characteristics of the formulated skyr yogurt. The type of sweetener had an impact on the sensory profile and acceptance of the skyr yogurt, affected characteristics such as mango flavor, sweet taste, sweet aftertaste, bitter taste, bitter aftertaste, and metallic flavor. The results of the affective test demonstrated that, for consumers in the Southeast, mango flavor is a positive attribute in this yogurt, and for Northeastern consumers, in addition to mango flavor, sweetness must also be taken into consideration.Practical ApplicationThis study may be useful for the dairy industry because in the literature, there is still a lack of sensory studies of skyr yogurt, especially when sucrose substitutes are used. The results of the consumer test in this work reinforce the importance of studies related to consumer preferences with cultural differences.
Examination of Correlates of OUD Outcomes in Young Adults: Secondary Analysis From the XBOT Trial
Authors: Fishman Marc , Wenzel Kevin , Scodes Jennifer , Pavlicova Martina , Campbell Aimee N. C. , Rotrosen John , Nunes Edward 
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectivesOpioid use disorder (OUD) treatment outcomes are poorer for young adults than older adults. Developmental differences are broadly implicated, but particular vulnerability factor interactions are poorly understood. This study sought to identify moderators of OUD relapse between age groups.MethodsThis secondary analysis compared young adults (18‐25) to older adults (26+) from a comparative effectiveness trial (“XBOT”) that randomized (N = 570) participants to extended‐release naltrexone or sublingual buprenorphine‐naloxone. We explored the relationship between 25 prespecified patient baseline characteristics and relapse to regular opioid use by age group and treatment condition, using logistic regression.ResultsYoung adults (n = 111) had higher rates of 24‐week relapse than older adults (n = 459) (70.3% vs 58.8%) and differed on a number of specific characteristics, including more smokers, more intravenous opioid use, and more cannabis use. No significant moderators predicted relapse, in either three‐way or two‐way interactions.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceNo baseline factors were identified as moderating the relationship between age group and opioid relapse, nor any interactions between baseline characteristics, age group, and treatment condition to predict opioid relapse. Poorer treatment outcomes for young adults are likely associated with multiple developmental vulnerabilities rather than any single predominant factor. Although not reaching significance, several characteristics (using heroin, smoking tobacco, high levels of depression/anxiety, or treatment because of family/friends) showed higher odds ratio point estimates for relapse in young adults than older adults. This is the first study to explore moderators of worse OUD treatment outcomes in young adults, highlighting the need to identify predictor variables that could inform treatment enhancements. (Am J Addict 2021;00:1‐12)
Is pyoderma gangrenosum associated with solid malignancies? Insights from a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Laufer Britva Rimma , Tzur Bitan Dana , Damiani Giovanni , Cohen Arnon D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe question of whether solid malignancies (SMs) are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) remains to be conclusively answered.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of SM among patients with PG and the odds of PG after a diagnosis of SM.MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted to study the risk for SM in patients with PG (n = 302) as compared with age‐, sex‐ and ethnicity‐matched control subjects (n = 1799). A case–control design was used to estimate the odds of PG in those with a preexisting history of SM.ResultsThe prevalence of a preexisting SM was comparable in patients with PG and controls (7.5% vs. 8.8%, respectively; P = 0.490). The odds of having PG following a diagnosis of a SM was not statistically increased (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.53–1.36). The incidence of SM was 6.8 (95% CI, 3.5–12.2) and 7.9 (95% CI, 6.1–10.1) per 1000 person‐years among patients with PG and controls, respectively. Patients with PG were not more likely to develop SM as compared to controls (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.44–1.69). Patients with a dual diagnosis of PG and SM were older and had more frequent comorbid conditions and increased mortality.ConclusionsSM is not associated with provoking PG, and patients with PG are not at an increased risk of developing SM. A thorough routine screening for SM in patients with new‐onset PG is an unnecessary approach based on the study findings.
Salt tolerance of the African haplotype of Phragmitesaustralis (Poaceae)
Authors: Naidoo Gonasageran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe determined the effect of salinity on growth of P. australis in glasshouse and field experiments. In the glasshouse, plants were subjected to 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% sea water for 32 weeks. Plant height, biomass and photosynthesis decreased with increase in salinity from 0% to 50% sea water. In the 50% sea water treatment, plant height decreased by 44%, total biomass by 62%, above‐ground biomass by 61% and below‐ground biomass by 62%. CO2 exchange ranged from 9.07 µmol m−2 s−1 in the control to 1.49 µmol m−2 s−1 in the 50% sea water treatment. In the 50% sea water treatment, leaf conductance, CO2 exchange and transpiration decreased by 81%, 84% and 78%, respectively, while quantum yield and electron transport rate decreased by 34%, and 20%, respectively. In the field study, leaf conductance, CO2 exchange and transpiration were higher in the non‐saline site and lower in the saline site by 50%, 46% and 43%, respectively. Quantum yield and electron transport rate were higher in the non‐saline site and reduced in the saline site by 15% and 11%, respectively. The results suggest that although P. australis is tolerant of increasing salinity, growth and productivity are reduced significantly.
Suicide in anaesthetists: a systematic review
Authors: Plunkett E. , Costello A. , Yentis S.M. , Hawton K. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryEvidence suggests that healthcare professionals are at an increased risk of dying by suicide, with anaesthetists at particularly high risk. However, much of the data on which this is based are historical. With a focus on the epidemiology and methods used, we conducted a systematic review of evidence regarding suicide and suicidal behaviour among anaesthetists to provide a more contemporary summary. The systematic review process was adapted from a previous similar study in veterinary surgeons and was consistent with recommended guidance. We identified 54 articles published in or after 1990 that had anaesthetist‐specific data and met the inclusion criteria. Seven of these reported epidemiological data, of which four were published after 2000. Although none of the more recent studies reported standardised mortality rates specific to suicide in anaesthetists, the proportion of anaesthetists dying by suicide was increased with respect to comparator groups, which is consistent with previous findings. Eleven studies that included information on suicidal behaviour reported suicidal ideation in 3.2–25% of individuals (six studies) and suicide attempts in 0.5–2% (four studies). Studies reporting methods of suicide highlighted the use of anaesthetic drugs, particularly propofol, supporting the suggestion that the increased risk of suicide in anaesthetists may be related to the availability of the means. We discuss our findings in relation to other recently published data and guidance concerning mental health problems in anaesthetists.
Assessing operating theatre efficiency: a prospective cohort study to identify intervention targets to improve efficiency
Authors: Wallace Lauren , Muir Mathew , Romano Linda , Wyllie Tracey , Gyomber Dennis , Hodgson Russell 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOperating theatre efficiency is critical to providing optimum healthcare and maintaining the financial success of a hospital. This study aims to assess theatre efficiency, with a focus on staff activities, theatre utilisation and case changeover.MethodsTheatre efficiency data were collected prospectively at a single centre in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, over two 5‐week periods. Characteristics of each case and various time points were collected, corresponding to either in‐theatre staff activities or patient events.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐nine cases were prospectively audited over a range of surgical specialties. Setting up represented 42.4% (37.28 min), operating time 40.1% (35.28 min) and finishing up time 17.5% (15.43 min). Theatres were empty (turnover time) for 17.42 min, which was 39.4% of the non‐operative time between operations (44.25 min, turnaround time). Plastic surgery operations required the shortest set‐up and finishing times on most of the measured metrics, with general surgery and obstetrics/gynaecology having longer times. List order made a significant difference, with efficiency improving over the list and over the day for separate am and pm lists. When a patient was not on time to theatre, efficiency in both set up and finishing up metrics was significantly worse.ConclusionsA large proportion of theatre time was being spent on non‐operative tasks, making staff activities potential targets for operating theatre improvement interventions. Motivation and team familiarity were identified as the major factors behind efficiently run operating theatres, supporting the use of regular operating teams and maintenance of a highly motivated workforce.
The closer the better? Relative influence of forest continuity and distance to water on the taxonomic and functional structure of riparian plant communities along headwater streams
Authors: Janssen Philippe , Chevalier Richard , Evette André , Archaux Frédéric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuestions(a) Is forest temporal continuity an important factor in structuring the riparian plant communities along small alluvial valleys? (b) To what extent can distance from the stream modulate the effect of forest continuity and provide a better understanding of the taxonomic and functional structure of these communities?LocationOuanne watershed, France.MethodsWe used a paired‐samples design, involving stands close to and far from the stream, in ancient or recent riparian forests, in which we studied the vegetation. We performed analyses of species richness and cover, as well as mean values of species preferences and functional traits, and measures of species composition, distinguishing between the understorey and overstorey.ResultsStrong differences in richness and mean values, as well as in composition, were found between ancient and recent forests. Ancient forests were characterized by species with a dominant stress‐tolerant strategy, whereas recent forests were dominated by hygrophilous and nitrophilous species with a dominant competitive strategy. Furthermore, we found that ancient and recent stands close to the stream encompassed a larger richness of species, than ancient and recent riparian stands far from the stream, a pattern mostly driven by the greater co‐occurrence of small ruderal species with rapid leaves turnover but also of ancient forest species.ConclusionsIn small riparian forests along headwater streams, we have shown that past human activities leave still detectable traces in contemporary plant communities. In addition, we pointed out that colonization by ancient indicator species was faster in recent forests closer to the stream. This underscores the need to protect remaining ancient riparian forests that are well connected to the stream, even if they are small, and suggests that bank reforestation as well as restoration of hydrological connectivity on rivers fragmented by artificial barriers may be an effective way to increase forest biodiversity in riparian zones.
How environmental enrichment balances out neuroinflammation in chronic pain and comorbid depression and anxiety disorders
Authors: Kimura Louise F. , Novaes Leonardo S. , Picolo Gisele , Munhoz Carolina D. , Cheung Chi W. , Camarini Rosana 
Published: June 2021

Depression and anxiety commonly occur in chronic pain states and the coexistence of these diseases worsens outcomes for both disorders and may reduce treatment adherence and response. Despite the advances in the knowledge of chronic pain mechanisms, pharmacological treatment is still unsatisfactory. Research based on exposure to environmental enrichment is currently under investigation and seems to offer a promising low‐cost strategy with no side effects. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation as a major biological substrate and aetiological factor of chronic pain and depression/anxiety and report a collection of preclinical evidence of the effects and mechanisms of environmental enrichment. As microglia participates in the development of both conditions, we also discuss microglia as a potential target underlying the beneficial actions of environmental enrichment in chronic pain and comorbid depression/anxiety. We also discuss how alternative interventions under clinical guidelines, such as environmental enrichment, may improve treatment compliance and patient outcomes.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.8/issuetoc
High recurrence rate after posterior component separation and keyhole mesh reconstruction for complex parastomal hernia: A case series study
Authors: Robin Valle de Lersundi Alvaro , Rupealta Niccolo , San Miguel Mendez Carlos , Muñoz Rodriguez Joaquin , Pérez Flecha Marina , López Monclús Javier , Blazquez Hernando Luis , García Ureña Miguel Angel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe the results of complex parastomal hernia repair after posterior component separation and keyhole reconstruction.MethodWe conducted a retrospective review of a prospectively sustained database in one single complex abdominal wall referral centre. We analysed the data of patients who underwent the posterior component separation technique using modified transversus abdominis release for complex parastomal hernia and retromuscular keyhole mesh repair from February 2014 to January 2017. Demographic data, hernia characteristics, operative details and outcomes were analysed. The primary outcome measured was the recurrence rate during the follow‐up.ResultsTwenty patients were included in this study. Among the patients who underwent surgery for parastomal hernia, 17 patients had a colostomy (85%) and three patients had a ureteroileostomy after the Bricker procedure (15%). The mean body mass index was 33.2 kg/m2 (range 25–47). Twelve patients had an expected associated risk according to the Carolinas equation for determining associated risk classification of >60%. Sixty per cent of our patients had contaminated or dirty/infected wounds. The overall complication rate was 60%. Surgical site infection was observed in 25% of the cases. The mortality rate in our study group was 5% (n = 1). We found clinical or radiological evidence of parastomal hernia recurrence in nine out of 20 (45%) patients during follow‐up. No hernia recurrence was detected in the concomitant incisional hernias.ConclusionsAlthough posterior component separation in the form of modified transversus abdominis muscle release allows abdominal wall reconstruction, keyhole mesh configuration at the stoma site does not offer satisfactory results in terms of long‐term recurrence rate at the parastomal defect.
Important ecosystem function, low redundancy and high vulnerability: The trifecta argument for protecting the Great Barrier Reef's tabular Acropora
Authors: Ortiz Juan C. , Pears Rachel J. , Beeden Roger , Dryden Jen , Wolff Nicholas H. , Gomez Cabrera Maria del C. , Mumby Peter J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying organisms that play an important role in maintaining ecosystem function is a key aspect of resilience‐based management. For Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), we found that the recovery ability of shallow exposed fore‐reefs is more than 14 times higher when tabular Acropora are present. The disproportionate role that tabular Acropora play appears to be driven by a combination of traits including high recruitment, high growth rate and, importantly, large maximum colony sizes. Despite this key role, tabular Acropora are highly sensitive to most pressures. We compile evidence suggesting that if tabular corals were to decline or disappear on the GBR, the potential for reef recovery on exposed fore‐reefs would be considerably slowed. We then consider the merits of placing special emphasis on the protection of tabular Acropora within the management of the GBR. Importantly, we recognise that an analysis of costs and benefits of such recognition is vital before any change is implemented. Actions might include targeted crown‐of‐thorns starfish control, anchoring restrictions and protection for tabular corals on reefs identified as essential for their larval dispersal. In addition, targeted communications about the critical importance of these highly recognisable corals may boost community support and participation in their protection.
Dose selection for intracerebroventricular cerliponase alfa in children with CLN2 disease, translation from animal to human in a rare genetic disease
Authors: Hammon Kevin , de Hart Greg , Vuillemenot Brian R. , Kennedy Derek , Musson Don , O’Neill Charles A. , Katz Martin L. , Henshaw Joshua W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2 disease) is an ultra‐rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase‐1 (TPP1). In the absence of adequate TPP1, lysosomal storage material accumulation occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) accompanied by neurodegeneration and neurological decline that culminates in childhood death. Cerliponase alfa is a recombinant human TPP1 enzyme replacement therapy administered via intracerebroventricular infusion and approved for the treatment of CLN2 disease. Here, we describe two allometric methods, calculated by scaling brain mass across species, that informed the human dose selection and exposure prediction of cerliponase alfa from preclinical studies in monkeys and a dog model of CLN2 disease: (1) scaling of dose using a human‐equivalent dose factor; and (2) scaling of compartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) model parameters. Source PK data were obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from dogs and monkeys, and the human exposure predictions were confirmed with CSF data from the first‐in‐human clinical study. Nonclinical and clinical data were analyzed using noncompartmental analysis and nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling approaches. Both allometric methods produced CSF exposure predictions within twofold of the observed exposure parameters maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC). Furthermore, cross‐species qualification produced consistent and reasonable PK profile predictions, which supported the allometric scaling of model parameters. The challenges faced in orphan drug development place an increased importance on, and opportunity for, data translation from research and nonclinical development. Our approach to dose translation and human exposure prediction for cerliponase alfa may be applicable to other CNS administered therapies being developed.
Predictors of alcohol use during pregnancy in Australian women
Authors: Tsang Tracey W. , Kingsland Melanie , Doherty Emma , Anderson Amy E. , Tully Belinda , Crooks Kristy , Symonds Ian , Tremain Danika , Dunlop Adrian J. , Wiggers John , Elliott Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis paper aimed to document alcohol use during pregnancy and determine predictors of ongoing use, including knowledge and agreement with national alcohol guideline recommendations.MethodsPregnant women (n = 1179) attending public antenatal services in a Local Health District in NSW, Australia, were surveyed about their alcohol use before pregnancy and after pregnancy recognition, and awareness of, and agreement with, national alcohol guidelines and health‐related statements. Respondent characteristics, drinking behaviour and predictors of ongoing drinking during pregnancy were assessed.ResultsMost women consumed alcohol before pregnancy (79.3%) but the majority (82.0%) stopped following pregnancy recognition. Half the ongoing drinkers only drank on special occasions. Most (63.6%) women were aware of the national guidelines: 78.1% knew the recommendation that consuming no alcohol in pregnancy is safest, 4.6% thought some alcohol was safe and 17.3% were unsure. Predictors [OR (95%CI)] of ongoing drinking were older age [1.11 (1.07, 1.15)]; medium [2.42 (1.46, 4.00)] or high‐risk drinking pre‐pregnancy [3.93 (2.35, 6.56)]; and agreement that: avoiding alcohol in pregnancy is safest [0.05 (0.006, 0.47)]; avoiding alcohol is important for baby's health [0.14 (0.06, 0.31)] and pregnancy is a good time to change alcohol use for mother's health [0.29 (0.13, 0.63)].Discussion and ConclusionsResults emphasise the importance of asking about special occasion drinking, the link between pre‐pregnancy drinking and ongoing drinking during pregnancy, and the need to understand why women disagree with the national guideline. To ensure guidelines have their intended benefit, interventions to promote behaviour change relating to alcohol consumption during pregnancy are warranted.