bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arie e cantanti tra continuità e cambiamenti
Authors: Linden Huub van der 
Published: October 2021

Il contributo prende spunto da due peculiarità del dramma per musica del Seicento: il continuo processo di revisione a cui erano sottoposti libretti e partiture durante la loro circolazione e il ruolo dei cantanti nel determinare sia questo processo sia la percezione, da parte del pubblico, di questo genere come concreta rappresentazione. Per valutare le opere dal punto di vista della loro rappresentazione, in luogo di focalizzare l’attenzione esclusivamente sulle modifiche apportate a testi e musiche nelle varie rappresentazioni, il presente studio si propone di analizzare, in maniera più sistematica di come è stato fatto finora, quelle modifiche testuali e musicali insieme a cambiamenti e continuità nei cast dei cantanti. A questo scopo vengono esaminate le due opere del Carnevale del 1693 al Teatro Tordinona: Il Seleuco e Il Vespasiano. Si tracciano le arie sostitutive e i cast delle varie produzioni che conducono alla rappresentazione romana, incrociando i dati della continuità e sostituzione di arie con i cantanti che le eseguivano. Così facendo, emerge una visione più dettagliata della correlazione tra la sostituzione di arie e di cantanti, nonché dei modi in cui la combinazione di questi due elementi plasmava l’esperienza di ascolto del pubblico. Il contributo si sofferma in particolare sul castrato Francesco Antonio Pistocchi, che sembra aver giocato un ruolo centrale nella stagione romana.
King-Devick Sensitivity and Specificity to Concussion in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Le Rachel Khinh , Ortega Justus , Chrisman Sara P. , Kontos Anthony P. , Buckley Thomas A. , Kaminski Thomas W. , Meyer Briana P. , Clugston James R. , Goldman Joshua T. , McAllister Thomas , McCrea Michael , Broglio Steven P. , Schmidt Julianne D. 
Published: October 2021

ContextThe King-Devick (K-D) test is used to identify oculomotor impairment after concussion. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the K-D test over time has not been evaluated.ObjectivesTo (1) examine the sensitivity and specificity of the K-D test at 0 to 6 hours postinjury, 24 to 48 hours postinjury, the beginning of a return-to-play (RTP) protocol (asymptomatic), unrestricted RTP, and 6 months postconcussion and (2) compare outcomes between athletes with and those without concussion across confounding factors (sex, age, sport contact level, academic year, learning disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, migraine history, concussion history, and test administration mode).DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional design.SettingMultiple institutions in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 320 athletes with a concussion (162 men, 158 women; age = 19.80 ± 1.41 years) were compared with 1239 total collegiate athletes without a concussion (646 men, 593 women; age = 20.31 ± 1.18 years).Main Outcome Measure(s)We calculated the K-D test time difference (in seconds) by subtracting the baseline from the most recent time. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were used to determine the diagnostic accuracy across time points. We identified cutoff scores and corresponding specificity at both the 80% and 70% sensitivity levels. We repeated ROC with AUC analyses using confounding factors.ResultsThe K-D test predicted positive results at the 0- to 6-hour (AUC = 0.724, P &lt; .001), 24- to 48-hour (AUC = 0.701, P &lt; .001), RTP (AUC = 0.640, P &lt; .001), and 6-month postconcussion (AUC = 0.615, P &lt; .001) tim points but not at the asymptomatic time point (AUC = 0.513, P = .497). The 0- to 6-hour and 24- to 48-hour time points yielded 80% sensitivity cutoff scores of −2.6 and −3.2 seconds (ie, faster), respectively, but 46% and 41% specificity, respectively. The K-D test had a better AUC when administered using an iPad (AUC = 0.800, 95% CI = 0.747, 0.854) compared with the spiral-bound card system (AUC = 0.646, 95% CI = 0.600, 0.692; P &lt; .001).ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of the K-D test was greatest at 0 to 6 hours and 24 to 48 hours postconcussion but declined across subsequent postconcussion time points. The AUCs did not differentiate between groups across confounding factors. Our negative cutoff scores indicated that practice effects contributed to improved performance, requiring athletes to outperform their baseline scores.
Clinical significance of soluble form of poliovirus receptor in newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma
Authors: Nabih Nermeen A. , Kamal Amany M. , Naguib Mary G. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Follicular lymphoma (FL) remains an incurable malignancy with heterogeneous clinical outcomes that necessitate a better understanding of disease biology. Poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155) is markedly overexpressed in several human malignant tumors and it has a unique dual oncoimmunoregulatory role. However, the role of the soluble form of PVR (sCD155) in FL has not been fully elucidated.

Methods
Soluble PVR(sCD155) were measured in the sera of 50 patients newly diagnosed with FL by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with those of 20 healthy control participants. Moreover, we evaluated its association with the clinicopathological parameters as well as response to chemotherapy in such patients.

Results
Pretreatment level of sCD155 was significantly higher in patients with FL than in control participants (P<0.001). Higher levels of sCD155 were associated with aggressive high-risk clinicopathological parameters, sCD155 levels were significantly higher in FL patients with B symptoms, advanced Ann Arbor stage III and IV, bulky disease, and high-risk cytogenetic (P-value=0.01, 0.048, 0.028 and <0.001, respectively). In addition, of the 50 patients, 24 (48%) achieved CR after 4–6 courses of chemotherapy (R-CHOP), while 26 (52%) were not in remission, and higher levels of sCD155 were associated with poor response to chemotherapy (P-value<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve was applied. Serum level of sCD155 higher than 4.8 ng/ml is a good predictor for poor response to chemotherapy (area under the curve: 0.857, sensitivity and specificity 88.46% and 75%, respectively).

Conclusion
PVR (CD155) is a potential therapeutic target that warrants further investigations and serum sCD155 may be used as a biomarker of treatment response and for predicting poor outcome in FL.
Alloimmunization in Egyptian children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Elalfy Mohsen S. , Kenny Mahmoud A. , Saed Fatima Z.A. , Ebeid Fatma S.E. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Although transfusion is a cornerstone in the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD), the subsequent erythrocyte alloimmunization creates a significant challenge in their management.

Aim
The aim was to measure the frequency of the occurrence of the alloimmune markers in SCD and to investigate its predicators.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 50 children and young adults with SCD. All patients were subjected to detailed medical history and thorough clinical examination. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, markers of hemolysis, and serum ferritin. The D, C, c, E, e, M, NJKa, and JKb antigens were typed using monoclonal antisera. Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, S, s, and anti-Lua antigens were typed by commercially prepared polyclonal antihuman sera. Antibody screening was performed using ortho screening panel.

Results
Sickle SS was the most common type of SCD, representing more than half of the recruited patients. The frequency of antibody positive screening among SCD was 16%. Higher frequency of alloimmunization was recorded in those with SB+ than those SS and SB0. Patients with SCD who had alloimmunization were significantly older when they received their first blood transfusion and had lower transfusion index (P=0.037) than those with negative antibodies screening (P=0.013). There were no significant differences between patients with alloimmunization and those without regarding age, sex, transfusion frequency, and SCD comorbidities; painful crisis (P=0.117), stroke (P=0.398), acute chest syndrome (ACS) (P=0.363).

Conclusion
Alloimmunization in patients with SCD has important clinical significance, especially those who require regular blood transfusion. Consequently early recognition and management of alloimunization is necessary.
Cognitive dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenia and its correlation with negative symptoms and insight
Authors: Bhat Pookala Shivaram , Raj Jitin , Chatterjee Kaushik , Srivastava Kalpana 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is a well-known feature and can adversely affect the patient participation in treatment and rehabilitation. Studies have shown its relationship to the severity of negative symptoms and level of insight also. Not many Indian studies are available on this in first-episode schizophrenia, and hence, this study was undertaken.

Materials and Methods:
Eight-five cases of first-episode schizophrenia fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study after ethical clearance, informed consent, and stabilization of acute symptoms. All were assessed using psychosocial pro forma, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III Scale, positive and negative syndrome scale, and schedule for the assessment of insight. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 20:0.

Results:
Cognitive dysfunction was seen in 40% of patients. Maximum dysfunction was in the memory domain followed by fluency domain and language domain was relatively well preserved. A significant negative correlation was observed between cognitive function and negative symptoms, but a significant positive correlation was seen with insight.

Conclusion:
Cognitive dysfunction is present in a significant proportion of schizophrenia in the first episode itself. Early assessment will facilitate appropriate interventions directed at insight and cognitive rehabilitation.
Morphological Variations of Pulmonary Veins Draining into Left Atrium
Authors: Bose Prasenjit , Choudhary Umesh , Singh Pooja , Singh Barkha , Singh Royana 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
During pulmonary vein isolation ablation procedure, the knowledge of number and position of pulmonary veins with thickness of posterior wall of left atrium (LA) is of invaluable significance. The objective of the study was to determine the left atrial wall thickness (LAWT) and its relationship with number and variations of right pulmonary veins (RPVs) and left pulmonary veins (LPVs).

Methodology:
In an observational study, carried out in the Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur (Chhattisgarh), morphological variations of pulmonary veins among 75 formalin-fixed hearts were noted. The thickness of posterior wall of LA was measured in each specimen studied. The number of RPVs and LPVs was counted. Any sexual differences in these numbers were noted.

Results:
Normal anatomical description of two RPVs and two LPVs opening the LA was observed in 63 out of 75 heart specimens (84%). The posterior LAWT is ranged 1.28–1.48 mm where two RPVs and two LPVs enter LA. The remaining 12 specimens (16%) showed variation in the number of veins opening into LA ranging between 1 and 5 veins of either side. The posterior LAWT ranged between 1.01 and 2.53 mm in these 12 specimens. The mean posterior LAWT thickness with 3, 4, and 5 RPVs was 1.47, 1.94, and 2.43 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
The thickness of posterior wall of LA increases as the number of RPVs increases. Twelve specimens (16%) showed variation in the number of veins opening into LA ranging between 1 and 5 veins of either side.
Assessment of communication skills of interns in pediatrics using mini-clinical evaluation exercise
Authors: Nair Bindu T. , Negi Vandana , Prakash Abhishek 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Interns who would be the future doctors are not being observed for communication skills at their workplace. The Mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) can be used as a “Work Place Based Assessment” (WPBA) tool for the assessment of the communication skills of the interns and also for giving immediate feedback. This study was done to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of mini-CEX for improving the communication skills of interns in Pediatrics.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective interventional study which was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics. Forty interns and six faculty who volunteered participated in the mini-CEX encounters. The structured assessment mini-CEX form by the American Board of Internal Medicine was used. Each intern faced six assessment sessions on mini-CEX forms with each of the faculty. At the end of the internship rotation, the perceptions of the interns and faculty were gathered by an anonymous validated questionnaire containing both close-ended (using 5-point Likert scale) and open-ended questions.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The descriptive data were analyzed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. also done. Qualitative data of open-ended questions were done by thematic analysis.

Results:
Most interns (87.5%) and all faculty (100%) felt that mini-CEX helped them in achieving good communication skills. Comparison between the 1st and the 6th encounter of mini-CEX showed an increase in the mean score values for all skill competencies, and this improvement was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Mini-CEX is an acceptable, feasible, and effective WPBA tool for communication skills training of interns in pediatrics.
Climate information needs and services for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tunisia
Authors: Ozor N. , Acheampong E. , Nyambane A. 
Published: October 2021

Poor access and use of accurate, timely and appropriate climate information consistently to inform decision making in African countries pose a huge dilemma for sustainable development. The existing climate data observations networks coverage are sparsely distributed. Development strategies and plans are not adequately informed by climate science due to the limited reliable and useable climate data and information produced by National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and other relevant institutions. This paper describes the climate information needs of Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tunisia, the status of the climate information systems (CISs), gaps and recommends improvement in the generation, processing and use of climate information. A study involving in-depth desk studies, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and policy dialogue was conducted. Results revealed that the CISs in the target countries have weak forecasting and alert systems for weather events and low capacities of stakeholders in climate prediction, development of climate products and information to support long-term planning, climate adaptation and resilience. The quality and appropriateness of data collected needs to be improved through networking, development and use of innovative technologies and capacity building. Institutionalizing climate data management training within climate data collection stations, creating modern real-time CISs by strengthening the capacities of national and regional institutions to use and disseminate climate information, is paramount. The capacity of the ministries involved in climate data management to deploy appropriate climate information and best practices to effectively implement climate-proof policies and practices should be enhanced to increase climate resilience and productivity.
Key words: climate information needs, climate service, adaptation, mitigation, capacity
Stemming rural-urban migration through agricultural development: Can Nigeria apply the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Agwu A.E. , Anugwa I.Q. , Ifeonu C.F. 
Published: October 2021

Nigeria has one of the highest population growth rates in the world resulting to rapid urbanization and an enormous increase in the population leaving rural areas and now living in urban centres. In spite of the increased emphasis on rural development, rural-urban migration has persisted mainly due to the farmerherder conflict situation, poverty, lack of job opportunities, insecurity and gross inadequacy of social infrastructures in the rural areas. This mass migration and other factors have put Nigeria in an emergency food and nutrition insecure situation. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was already an existing gap in the Nigerian food system, which led to the importation of food items to augment local production in order to meet local demand. However, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic undermined efforts to achieve SDG 2 as the country witnessed not only a major disruption to food supply chains in the wake of lockdowns and movement restrictions triggered by the global health crisis, but also a major economic slowdown. The commerce, service, and agricultural sectors were the hardest hit by the spread of the virus and the effects are different along the rural-urban continuum. The vacuum created by the migration of people from the rural to urban areas led to reduction of farm yields, while the urban areas were particularly affected in terms of food supply from rural areas as a result of movement restrictions made during the height of the pandemic. More urbanised areas may be harder hit than remote rural areas if connectivity remains broken down, as most food crops are produced in the rural and semi-rural areas. This paper recommends strategies and policies aimed at reducing poverty, food insecurity and inequality across the urban-rural continuum through agricultural development. This will assist in addressing the adverse drivers of migration with particular focus on improving the social and economic conditions of rural areas.
Key words: agricultural development, COVID-19, food security, rural-urban migration
The role of soil in saving human race from COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Asadu C.L.A. 
Published: October 2021

Soil is the most complex part of land as its contents are made of all the other key components of land namely geology (soil minerals), hydrology (soil water), atmosphere (soil air), and organisms including man (soil organic matter including dead bodies). This is why the functions of the soil are not only numerous but also indispensable. Among the functions, the role of the soil in sustaining human life remains unimaginable. Over 3.8 million people have been killed by COVID-19 by June 15, 2021 in the world and more are still dying. Some unrecorded millions died of hunger as a result of the lockdown during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. Where are these dead bodies and materials associated with those that died of COVID-19? Where did all the food palliatives (rice, maize, wheat, yam, gari, vegetable oil, etc.) come from? The human body is composed of approximately 64% water, 20% protein, 10% fat, 1% carbohydrate, 5% minerals. When decomposed these various components result to various gaseous compounds and residues that are harmful to human life and environment. When dead bodies are buried human health and environment are saved. The dead bodies, the wastes and their contents are in the soil providing “palliatives” to soil microorganisms while protecting the remaining human population and the environment. Cremation products also end up in the soil. The soil also provided and still provides the food palliatives. Thus, the soil is our number one saviour against COVID-19 pandemic and can be adjudged as the saviour of the human race to date. Coincidentally man was made from the soil and must return to the soil.
Key words: soil functions, burial, cremation, palliatives, COVID-19
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Skolkovo, Anillo Este, Moscú, Rusia
Authors: De Meuron Herzog & 
Published: October 2021

<p>Skolkovo es la iniciativa del gobierno ruso para una nueva comunidad urbana en el tercer anillo de Moscú, a 17 km al oeste del Kremlin. Construido <em>ex nihilo</em>, Skolkovo tiene como objetivo crear un centro de renombre mundial para la tecnología innovadora del siglo XXI, que abarque la investigación y la producción, con sedes administrativas para empresas establecidas y emergentes, escuelas, institutos y una nueva universidad. Asimismo, la Universidad Skoltech, institución recién fundada, nace junto con el resto de Skolkovo, pretendiendo ser un distinguido centro educativo y de investigación referente en Moscú, Rusia y el mundo entero.</p>
What makes seep carbonates ignore self-sealing and grow vertically: the role of burrowing decapod crustaceans
Authors: Blouet Jean-Philippe , Imbert Patrice , Ho Sutieng , Wetzel Andreas , Foubert Anneleen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The mechanisms that govern the vertical growth of seep carbonates were deciphered by studying the sedimentary architecture of a 15 m thick, 8 m wide column of limestone encased in deep-water marl in the middle Callovian interval of the Terres Noires Formation in the SE France Basin. The limestone body, also called “pseudobioherm”, records intense bioturbation, with predominant traces of the Thalassinoides/Spongeliomorpha suite, excavated by decapod crustaceans. Bioturbation was organized in four tiers. The uppermost tier, tier 1, corresponds to shallow homogenization of rather soft sediment. Tier 2 corresponds to pervasive burrows dominated by large Thalassinoides that were later passively filled by pellets. Both homogenized micrite and burrow-filling pellets are depleted in 13C
in the range from −5 ‰ to −10 ‰. Tier 3 is characterized by small Thalassinoides that have walls locally bored by Trypanites; the latter represent tier 4. The diagenetic cements filling the tier-3 Thalassinoides are arranged in two phases. The first cement generation constitutes a continuous rim that coats the burrow wall and has consistent δ13C values of approximately −8 ‰ to −12 ‰, indicative of bicarbonate originating from the anaerobic oxidation of methane. In contrast, the second cement generation is dominated by saddle dolomite precipitated at temperatures >80 ∘C, at a time when the pseudobioherm was deeply buried. The fact that the tubes remained open until deep burial means that vertical fluid communication was possible over the whole vertical extent of the pseudobioherm up to the seafloor during its active development. Therefore, vertical growth was fostered by this open burrow network, providing a high density of localized conduits through the zone of carbonate precipitation, in particular across the sulfate–methane transition zone. Burrows prevented self-sealing from blocking upward methane migration and laterally deflecting fluid flow. One key aspect is the geometric complexity of the burrows with numerous subhorizontal segments that could trap sediment shed from above and, hence, prevent their passive fill.