bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional study on exhaled nitric oxide in relation to upper airway inflammatory disorders with regard to asthma and perennial sensitization
Authors: Krantz Christina , Accordini Simone , Alving Kjell , Corsico Angelo G. , Demoly Pascal , Ferreira Diogenes S. , Forsberg Bertil , Garcia‐Aymerich Judith , Gislason Thorarinn , Heinrich Joachim , Jõgi Rain , Johannessen Ane , Leynaert Bénédicte , Marcon Alessandro , Martínez‐Moratalla Rovira Jesús , Nerpin Elisabet , Nowak Dennis , Olin Anna‐Carin , Olivieri Mario , Pereira‐Vega Antonio , Raherison‐Semjen Chantal , Real Francisco Gómez , Sigsgaard Torben , Squillacioti Guilia , Janson Christer , Malinovschi Andrei ,   the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a well‐known marker of type‐2 inflammation. FeNO is elevated in asthma and allergic rhinitis, with IgE sensitization as a major determinant.ObjectiveWe aimed to see whether there was an independent association between upper airway inflammatory disorders (UAID) and FeNO, after adjustment for asthma and sensitization, in a multi‐centre population‐based study.MethodsA total of 741 subjects with current asthma and 4155 non‐asthmatic subjects participating in the second follow‐up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS III) underwent FeNO measurements. Sensitization status was based on measurement of IgE against airborne allergens; information on asthma, UAID and medication was collected through interview‐led questionnaires. Independent associations between UAID and FeNO were assessed in adjusted multivariate regression models and test for interaction with perennial sensitization and asthma on the relation between UAID and FeNO were made.ResultsUAID were associated with higher FeNO after adjusting for perennial sensitization, asthma and other confounders: with 4.4 (0.9–7.9) % higher FeNO in relation to current rhinitis and 4.8 (0.7–9.2) % higher FeNO in relation to rhinoconjunctivitis. A significant interaction with perennial sensitization was found in the relationship between current rhinitis and FeNO (p = .03) and between rhinoconjunctivitis and FeNO (p = .03). After stratification by asthma and perennial sensitization, the association between current rhinitis and FeNO remained in non‐asthmatic subjects with perennial sensitization, with 12.1 (0.2–25.5) % higher FeNO in subjects with current rhinitis than in those without.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceCurrent rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis was associated with higher FeNO, with an interaction with perennial sensitization. This further highlights the concept of united airway disease, with correlations between symptoms and inflammation in the upper and lower airways and that sensitization needs to be accounted for in the relation between FeNO and rhinitis.
Does aluminium in sunscreens cause dermatitis in children with aluminium contact allergy: A repeated open application test study
Authors: Hoffmann Stine S. , Elberling Jesper , Thyssen Jacob P. , Hansen Kirsten S. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundParents report that children with aluminium contact allergy and vaccination granulomas may react to aluminium‐containing sunscreen following application.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether contact dermatitis develops following repeated application of aluminium‐containing sunscreens in children with aluminium sensitization and vaccination granulomas.MethodsSixteen children aged 2‐9 years (mean age 5 years) with vaccination granulomas and a positive patch test reaction to aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2%/10% petrolatum completed a blinded repeated open application test (ROAT) with two daily applications of two sunscreens for 14 days. One cream contained aluminium and the other did not. The children served as their own controls.ResultsSixteen children completed the study. Only one child (6%) had a positive skin reaction during ROAT on day 2 to the sunscreen with aluminium. None reacted to the sunscreen without aluminium.ConclusionsUse of aluminium‐containing sunscreens may on a case basis lead to allergic contact dermatitis in aluminium allergic children.
The use of radiomic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting distant metastases of rectal carcinoma following surgical resection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davey Martin S. , Davey Matthew G. , Ryan Éanna J. , Hogan Aisling M. , Kerin Michael J. , Joyce Myles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimEstimating prognosis in rectal carcinoma (RC) is challenging, with distant recurrence (DR) occurring in up to 30% of cases. Radiomics is a novel field using diagnostic imaging to investigate the tumour heterogeneity of cancers and may have the potential to predict DR. The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review of the current literature evaluating the use of radiomics in predicting DR in patients with resected RC.MethodsA systematic review was performed as per PRISMA guidelines to identify studies reporting radiomic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict DR in patients diagnosed with RC. Sensitivity and specificity of radiomic analyses were included for meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of seven studies including 1497 patients (998 males) were included, seven, five and one of whom reported radiomics, respectively. The overall pooled rate of DR from all included studies was 17.1% (256/1497), with 15.6% (236/1497), 1.3% (19/1497) and 0.2% (3/1497) of patients having hepatic, pulmonary and peritoneal metastases. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that radiomics correctly predicted DR with pooled sensitivities and specificities of MRI 0.76 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.78) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.88), respectively.ConclusionThis systematic review suggests the benefit of radiomic analysis of preoperative MRI in identifying patients with resected RC at an increased risk of DR. Our findings warrant validation in larger prospective studies as modalities to predict DR is a significant unmet need in RC. Radiomics may allow for tailored therapeutic strategies for high‐risk groups.
Appropriate use criteria for ancillary diagnostic testing in dermatopathology: New recommendations for 11 tests and 220 clinical scenarios from the American Society of Dermatopathology Appropriate Use Criteria Committee
Authors:   AUC Committee Members, Fung Maxwell A. , Vidal Claudia I. , Armbrecht Eric A. , Andea Aleodor A. , Cassarino David S. , Comfere Nneka I. , Emanuel Patrick O. , Ferringer Tammie , Hristov Alexandra C. , Kim Jinah , Lauer Scott R. , Linos Konstantinos , Missall Tricia A. , Motaparthi Kiran , Novoa Roberto A. , Patel Rajiv , Shalin Sara C. , Sundram Uma ,   Rating Panel, Calame Antoanella , Bennett Daniel D. , Duncan Lyn M. , Elston Dirk M. , Hosler Gregory A. , Hurley Yadira M. , Lazar Alexander J. , Lowe Lori , Messina Jane , Myles Jonathan , Plaza Jose A. , Prieto Victor G. , Reddy Vijaya , Schaffer András , Subtil Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate use criteria (AUC) provide patient‐centered physician guidance in test selection. An initial set of AUC was reported by the American Society of Dermatopathology (ASDP) in 2018. AUC reflect evidence collected at single timepoints and may be affected by evolving evidence and experience. The objective of this study was to update and expand AUC for selected tests.MethodsRAND/UCLA (RAND Corporation [Santa Monica, CA]/University of California Los Angeles) methodology used includes the following: (a) literature review; (b) review of previously rated tests and previously employed clinical scenarios; (c) selection of previously rated tests for new ratings; (d) development of new clinical scenarios; (e) selection of additional tests; (f) three rating rounds with feedback and group discussion after rounds 1 and 2.ResultsFor 220 clinical scenarios comprising lymphoproliferative (light chain clonality), melanocytic (comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter), vascular disorders (MYC), and inflammatory dermatoses (periodic acid‐Schiff, Gömöri methenamine silver), consensus by panel raters was reached in 172 of 220 (78%) scenarios, with 103 of 148 (70%) rated “usually appropriate” or “rarely appropriate” and 45 of 148 (30%), “appropriateness uncertain.” Limitations: The study design only measures appropriateness. Cost, availability, test comparison, and additional clinical considerations are not measured. The possibility that the findings of this study may be influenced by the inherent biases of the dermatopathologists involved in the study cannot be excluded.ConclusionsAUC are reported for selected diagnostic tests in clinical scenarios that occur in dermatopathology practice. Adhering to AUC may reduce inappropriate test utilization and improve healthcare delivery.
Predicting range shifts of pikas (Mammalia, Ochotonidae) in China under scenarios incorporating land use change, climate change and dispersal limitations
Authors: Ma Liang , Mi Chun‐rong , Qu Jia‐peng , Ge De‐yan , Yang Qi‐sen , Wilcove David S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTwo of the most important forces affecting biodiversity are land use change (LUC) and global climate change (GCC). Previous studies have modelled their impacts on species separately, and together, but few have done so for multiple species with dispersal limitations incorporated into the models.LocationQinghai–Tibet plateau region.MethodsWe integrate species distribution models plus a dispersal model to predict LUC and GCC impacts on the ranges of five species of pikas in the Qinghai–Tibet plateau region of China. Pikas are sensitive to land use and climate change and have limited dispersal abilities.ResultsThe predicted impacts of LUC and GCC on pikas vary between species as well as between LUC and GCC projections. Incorporation of dispersal limitations appreciably restricts the amount of colonized habitat. For all five species, the amount of habitat abandoned or colonized when LUC and GCC are modelled together is less than the sum of LUC and GCC modelled separately. Three of the five species experience a net increase in occupied habitat by 2080 relative to their current ranges under all modelled projections. However, relative to a “Dispersal Only” baseline scenario that assumes no environmental change but continued range expansion into suitable, unoccupied habitat, all five species suffer a net loss of occupied habitat by 2080 under some or all projections.Main conclusionsPredictions of future distributions of species based solely on LUC or GCC, as well as predictions assuming additive impacts, can be misleading. Inclusion of dispersal limitations in models markedly alters predicted future distributions of species. The use of a “Dispersal Only” scenario provides a different and perhaps more accurate way to gauge net impacts to species. Future work should consider incorporating all these parameters to better predict the impacts of LUC and GCC on biodiversity.
Developmental delay in infants and toddlers with sickle cell disease: a systematic review
Authors: Hoyt Catherine R , Varughese Taniya E , Erickson Jeni , Haffner Natalie , Luo Lingzi , L’Hotta Allison J , Yeager Lauren , King Allison A 
Published: September 2021

AimTo summarize developmental delay among infants and toddlers with sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodThis systematic review included studies that reported developmental outcomes of children with SCD between 0 months and 48 months of age and followed standards set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsTen studies were included, describing 596 unique developmental assessments. The rate of developmental delay ranged from 17.5% to 50% and increased with age. Cognition was the only domain included in all studies and the most frequently identified delay. One study reported that more severe SCD genotypes predicted worse development, while five studies reported no difference in rates of developmental delay across genotypes.InterpretationThese findings emphasize the need for standardized screening to identify children with SCD at risk of delay at a young age to facilitate appropriate referrals for therapeutic intervention. Frequent and comprehensive developmental screening is necessary among all SCD genotypes.
Temporal trend of small nerve fibre degeneration in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ekman Linnéa , Pourhamidi Kaveh , Englund Elisabet , Lagali Neil , Rolandsson Olov , Dahlin Lars B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsWe investigated the long‐term temporal trend of intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) and the association between changes in IENFD and metabolic factors in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 66 participants were enrolled in this longitudinal population‐based study, at baseline consisting of 35 individuals (median 61 years) without diabetes and 31 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants underwent clinical and electrophysiological examinations, as well as a skin biopsy both at baseline and at the follow‐up visit (mean 8.1 ± 0.5 years). IENFD was assessed in thin sections of 5 μm, stained with the protein gene product 9.5‐antibody and compared between the groups.ResultsIENFD decreased during the period in both groups, with a greater decline in the group without diabetes than in type 2 diabetes (−2.3 and −0.6 fibres/mm respectively; p < 0.001). While IENFD at baseline was significantly reduced in type 2 diabetes relative to people without (p < 0.001), no difference in IENFD was found between groups at the follow‐up (p = 0.183). Linear mixed model analysis indicated that age, weight and HbA1c were associated with decrease in IENFD in the total population (p < 0.007). IENFD also decreased with increasing age and weight, but not with HbA1c, in the separate groups (p < 0.049).ConclusionsDespite lower IENFD levels at baseline in type 2 diabetes, IENFD was equal between the groups at follow‐up. A decrease in IENFD is to a limited extent affected by body weight, and HbA1c, but age seems to be the long‐term determinant of IENFD in an elderly population.
Does weight management after gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis improve pregnancy outcomes? A multi‐ethnic cohort study
Authors: Barnes Robyn A. , Flack Jeff R. , Wong Tang , Ross Glynis P. , Griffiths Michelle M. , Stephens Megan , Kourloufas Laura , Smart Carmel E. , Collins Clare E. , MacDonald‐Wicks Lesley 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of achieving an Institute of Medicine based personalised weight target in addition to conventional glycaemic management after gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis on maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsA retrospective audit of clinical data (2016–2019) for singleton gestational diabetes pregnancies was conducted in a multi‐ethnic cohort. Logistic regression analyses assessed relationships between achieving, exceeding and gaining less than a personalised weight target provided after gestational diabetes diagnosis and rates of large for gestational age, small for gestational age infants, insulin therapy initiation and neonatal outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were adjusted for glucose 2‐h post‐glucose load value, family history of type 2 diabetes, previous gestational diabetes, macrosomia in a previous pregnancy, and East and South‐East Asian ethnicity.ResultsOf 1034 women, 44% (n = 449) achieved their personalised weight target. Women who exceeded their personalised weight target had significantly and higher mean insulin doses (28.8 ± 21.5 units vs. 22.7 ± 18.7, p = 0.006) and higher rates of large for gestational age infants (19% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.001), with aOR of 1.99 [95% CI 1.25–3.15] p = 0.004, but no difference in rates of small for gestational age infants (5.3% vs. 8.0%) (aOR 0.77 [0.41–1.44] p = 0.41). Lower rates of large for gestational age infants occurred in those who gained below their personalised weight target (aOR 0.48 [0.25–0.95] p = 0.034), but rates of small for gestational age infants concurrently increased (aOR 1.9 [1.19–3.12] p = 0.008).ConclusionsWeight management after gestational diabetes diagnosis does not appear to be too late to confer additional benefits to glucose‐lowering treatment, resulting in lower mean insulin doses, and lower rates of large for gestational age infants without increasing the risk of small for gestational age infants.
Becoming a central bank: The development of the Bank of England's private sector lending policies during the Restriction
Authors: Sissoko Carolyn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article studies the changes that took place in the Bank of England's Restriction‐era policies governing private sector lending. The findings show that the Bank was adapting to novel monetary circumstances, created both by the evolution of the English financial system and by the Restriction itself, and that, although the process was far from smooth, the Bank was learning to act as a central bank: during this period the Bank transformed its internal operating procedures to put regulation‐based constraints on its private sector lending, established regular reviews of its policies and their effects on the money market, and adopted a distinct crisis‐orientated lending policy. In addition to establishing that these core central bank activities developed over this period, the article also shows that for 18 months starting in 1809 the Bank's policies were destabilizing, and that the Bullion Committee probably played a role in a shift in Bank lending policies that took place in mid‐1810. Overall, this study finds that the 1810 crisis was a turning point in the Bank's understanding of its role in the economy: the Bank directors both acknowledged privately the Bank's duty to the public, and restructured its discount policies with a view to promoting financial and monetary stability.
Dental students’ perceptions of the long case
Authors: Paul Natasha L. , Adam Lee A. , Moffat Susan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe long case examination is used to assess clinical competency in dental education. However, the academic literature, much of which is in medical education, highlights concerns regarding the relevancy and authenticity of the long case. To date, dental students’ experiences of the long case have been under‐researched. This study examines students’ experiences and perceptions of the long case examination at an Australasian dental school.Materials and MethodsThis study was a qualitative investigation. Students participated in interviews to discuss their perceptions and experiences of the long case examination. The interviews were voice‐recorded and transcribed, and a thematic inductive analysis was undertaken.ResultsThree main themes emerged from the data: stress, where students described stressors before, during and after the long case; fairness, where students positioned the long case as either fair or not fair; and confusion, where students spoke about their perceived lack of understanding of the examination process and procedures.ConclusionThe concerns students raised regarding stress, fairness and confusion are considered and ways in which the long case might be developed in order to support students’ learning are presented. Alternative structures or practices that might be explored include greater calibration of examiners and cases, and enhancements to how students are prepared for and prepare for the examination. The results of this research will inform ongoing development of assessment practices.
Carfilzomib and dexamethasone maintenance following salvage ASCT in multiple myeloma: A randomised phase 2 trial by the Nordic Myeloma Study Group
Authors: Gregersen Henrik , Peceliunas Valdas , Remes Kari , Schjesvold Fredrik , Abildgaard Niels , Nahi Hareth , Andersen Niels Frost , Vangsted Annette Juul , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Helleberg Carsten , Carlson Kristina , Frølund Ulf Christian , Axelsson Per , Stromberg Olga , Blimark Cecilie Hveding , Crafoord Jacob , Tsykunova Galina , Eshoj Henrik Rode , Waage Anders , Hansson Markus , Gulbrandsen Nina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the efficacy and safety of carfilzomib‐containing induction before salvage high‐dose melphalan with autologous stem‐cell transplantation (salvage ASCT) and maintenance with carfilzomib and dexamethasone after salvage ASCT in multiple myeloma.MethodsThis randomised, open‐label, phase 2 trial included patients with first relapse of multiple myeloma after upfront ASCT who were re‐induced with four cycles of carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. Two months after salvage, ASCT patients were randomised to either observation or maintenance therapy with iv carfilzomib 27 → 56 mg/sqm and p.o. dexamethasone 20 mg every second week. The study enrolled 200 patients of which 168 were randomised to either maintenance with carfilzomib and dexamethasone (n = 82) or observation (n = 86).ResultsMedian time to progression (TTP) after randomisation was 25.1 months (22.5‐NR) in the carfilzomib‐dexamethasone maintenance group and 16.7 months (14.4–21.8) in the control group (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.71; P = .0004). The most common adverse events during maintenance were thrombocytopenia, anaemia, hypertension, dyspnoea and bacterial infections.ConclusionIn summary, maintenance therapy with carfilzomib and dexamethasone after salvage ASCT prolonged TTP with 8 months. The maintenance treatment was in general well‐tolerated with manageable toxicity.
The N400 ERP component reflects an error‐based implicit learning signal during language comprehension
Authors: Hodapp Alice , Rabovsky Milena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe functional significance of the N400 evoked‐response component is still actively debated. An increasing amount of theoretical and computational modelling work is built on the interpretation of the N400 as a prediction error. In neural network modelling work, it was proposed that the N400 component can be interpreted as the change in a probabilistic representation of meaning that drives the continuous adaptation of an internal model of the statistics of the environment. These results imply that increased N400 amplitudes should correspond to greater adaptation, which can be measured via implicit memory. To investigate this model derived hypothesis, the current study manipulated expectancy in a sentence reading task to influence N400 amplitudes and subsequently presented the previously expected vs. unexpected words in a perceptual identification task to measure implicit memory. As predicted, reaction times in the perceptual identification task were significantly faster for previously unexpected words that induced larger N400 amplitudes in the previous sentence reading task. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that this adaptation seems to specifically depend on the process underlying N400 amplitudes, as participants with larger N400 differences during sentence reading also exhibited a larger implicit memory benefit in the perceptual identification task. These findings support the interpretation of the N400 as an implicit learning signal driving adaptation in language processing.