bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Complications of Extraction among Partially Impacted Mandibular Third Molars with or without a Buccal Flap
Authors: Khan M. Ahmed , Ayub Tahera , Gulsama Bibi , Qureshi Azizullah Muhammad Nawaz , Memon Aosaf Anwar , Hassan Syed Ghazanfar , Khan Taimoor Ali 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare the complications of extraction of partially impacted mandibular third molars with or without a buccal flap.
Materials And Methods: A comparative cohort study was performed at Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad from September 2020 to March 2021. Sixty-two patients of either gender, having age 15-50 years and recommended for extraction of partially impacted mandibular third molars were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling technique and distributed into flapless group (31 patients) and buccal flap group (31 patients). Patients were treated with standard procedures of flapless and buccal flap, operating time was noted and follow up was done at 1st day, 2nd day post-operatively for pain, swelling, trismus, whereas periodontal pocket distal to second molar was measured at 1 month and 3 months follow up interval.
Results: In flapless and buccal flap group male patients were 17 (54.8%) and 18 (58.1%) and female patients were 14 (45.2%) and 13 (41.9%) respectively with mean age of 27.4 ± 9.6 and 26.7 ± 8.4 years. Statistically significant difference was obtained in flapless and buccal flap groups in terms of operative time, pain score, swelling score, pocket depth and trismus.
Conclusion: Flapless technique is more effective in conditions of operative time and post-operative complications. So, flapless technique can be used frequently for elimination of incompletely impacted mandibular third molars.
Systematic Review of effects of Shodhana & Shmana Chikitsa in Ayurveda in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Type-II (Prameha)
Authors: Sawarkar Punam , Sawarkar Gaurav , Hadke Jayashri 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic clinical condition. It induces some irreversible pathological changes in the body, which rise to multiple complications. Moreover, the side effects of the established anti-hyperglycemic agents in contemporary science on their long-term use make it more worst. Considering the higher incidence rate of Diabetes mellitus due to faulty lifestyle, it is essential to think over various safe but effective measures in alternative science. i.e., Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, diabetes mellitus can be correlated with Prameha or Madhumeha due to similarity in signs & clinical features.
Aim & Objective: The prime aim of this study is to study the efficacy and safety of different Shodhana & Shamana Chikitsa in Ayurveda for glucose control & improvement in clinical features during the management of Diabetes Mellitus Type II(Prameha W.S.R).
Materials & Methods: This is a meta-analysis of Ayurvedic interventions in Shodhana, or Shamana Chikitsa used to manage Prameha (Diabetes mellitus type II). On extensive Review of the literature, 42 clinical studies (R.C.T. & N.R.C.T.) fulfilling inclusion criteria & conducted with 1743 participants at different places were critically analyzed. Adequate details of the individual studies were tabulated and discussed.
Observations & Results: It is reflected that the combinations of both these interventions are more effective than only Shaman Chikitsa in the management of Diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: All of these interventions in Ayurveda reviewed through this study are appeared to be generally safe and effective, having a prime or adjuvant role. However, Ayurvedic physicians should prescribe them based on their clinical judgment, patient’s references, type of pathology, chronicity of the disease & strength of the patient.
High Incidence of Substance Abuse among Youths in Cocoa Research Institute Community, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Orimogunje A. O. , Ogundeji B. A. , Agbebaku E. E. O. , Awodumila D. , Balogun S. T. , Aboderin A. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: This study hereby examined the high incidence of drug abuse among the youths in Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) community at Ibadan, Nigeria.
Study Design: Multistage sampling approach.
Place and Duration of Study: CRIN staff quarters and surrounding communities.
Methodology: A multistage sampling approach was used for the study. The first stage involved the purposive selection of Senior Staff Quarters, Junior Staff Quarters and Alata road because majority of the respondents resides there. The second stage involved using simple random sampling technique to select Twenty- two (22) respondents from the three locations above, making the total sample size to be Sixty-six (66) respondents. Data were obtained using an interview schedule. Descriptive (frequencies, percentages, mean values) and inferential (Chi-square, PPMC) statistics were used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance.
Results: Mean age of the respondents was 31.0 years, this indicates that most of the respondents were in their youthful age and very energetic. Majority (80.3%) of the respondents were male and only 19.7% were female. In the causes of substance abuse, prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) ranked first on the list with mean (1.87).
Conclusion: The relationship between Sex (χ2=0.032, p=0.859), Marital status (χ2=6.905, p=0.032), Religion (χ2=5.052, p=0.025), indicate that there is significant relationship between Marital status and Religion and effects of substance abuse.
Direct Microtip Focused Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing of Tailored Microlens Arrays on PDMS Nanofilm‐Modified Substrate
Authors: Su Shijie , Liang Junsheng , Li Xiaojian , Xin Wenwen , Chen Li , Yin Penghe , Wang Zizhu , Ye Xushi , Xiao Jianping , Wang Dazhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrolens arrays (MLAs) have been widely employed as key components of various functional devices. However, the high‐efficiency fabrication of tailored MLAs with high numerical aperture (NA) is still a challenge. Herein, a one‐step maskless fabrication method of MLAs on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanofilm modified substrate via microtip focused electrohydrodynamic jet (MFEJ) printing is developed. The MFEJ printing can effectively avoid nozzle blockage even with highly viscous UV‐curable polymer. The contact angle (CA) of polymer can be controlled on different hydrophobic substrates, which are modified by treatment with PDMS, and MLAs with different NA can be realized. The polymer CA increases from 19° to 73° after surface modification, and the NA of MLAs correspondingly increases from 0.18 to 0.53. The MLAs diameter and focusing properties can be easily tuned by combining the printing parameters with PDMS nanofilm modification. Various patterns of MLAs with high NA are obtained by MFEJ printing. The projection experiment indicates the uniformity and excellent optical performance of the MLAs. Moreover, the fabricated MLAs can generate magnified virtual images with a magnification up to 1.72‐fold. Results show that the MFEJ printing can fabricate functional and tailored MLAs with high NA on the PDMS nanofilm‐modified substrate.
Coupling smartphone and CRISPR–Cas12a for digital and multiplexed nucleic acid detection
Authors: Yu Tao , Zhang Shengwei , Matei Razvan , Marx William , Beisel Chase L. , Wei Qingshan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurate, rapid, and multiplexed nucleic acid detection is of great value for applications in biomedicine and agriculture. Here, we demonstrated a one‐step Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) diagnostic method for the digital and multiplexed detection of both single‐stranded (ss) and double‐stranded (ds) DNA on a handheld smartphone device. ssDNA targets exhibited faster reaction kinetics of this single‐step CRISPR–Cas12a assay than dsDNA counterparts. Under optimized conditions, picomolar levels of ssDNA targets can be detected in 96‐well plates by using a benchtop plate reader. The detection sensitivity can be further improved to 5 fM when running the reaction in a microwell‐based digital assay chip. Multiplexed detection of hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus DNA markers was demonstrated on the smartphone‐based platform. Finally, the one‐step CRISPR–Cas12a assay performed robustly in human serum samples with a recovery rate of ssDNA detection between 96% and 105.6%, suggesting a high potential for clinical diagnostic applications in point‐of‐care settings.
Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis suppression and intranasal corticosteroid use: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sampieri Gianluca , Namavarian Amirpouyan , Lee John J. W. , Hamour Amr F. , Lee John M. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIntranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are used in the management of sinonasal conditions. Use of exogenous steroids can be associated with hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis dysfunction and adrenal insufficiency (AI). We aimed to estimate the rate of AI after INCS use in a meta‐analysis, stratified by steroid type and treatment duration.MethodsOvid Medline, Embase Classic, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines to identify studies investigating INCS use and AI. AI was defined as morning serum cortisol <550 nmol/L and <80 nmol/L with and without adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation. INCS were classified as first (beclomethasone dipropionate, triamcinolone acetonide, beclomethasone, budesonide, dexamethasone) and second (ciclesonide, mometasone furoate, and fluticasone propionate) generation. Duration of treatment was classified as short (<1 month), medium (1‐12 months), and long‐term (>12 months) time periods.ResultsThis search identified 3668 articles. A total of 39 studies (1678 patients) were included in the final analysis. The pooled percentage of AI for routinely utilized first‐ and second‐generation INCS was 0.70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29‐1.12%). Stratified by type, AI was observed in 0.78% (95% CI, 0.25‐1.30%) of first‐generation and 0.58% (95% CI, −0.1% to 1.26%) of second‐generation steroids. AI was seen in 0.48% (95% CI, −0.01% to 0.96%) of short‐term, 1.13% (95% CI, 0.2‐2.1%) of medium‐term, and 1.67% (95% CI, 0.37‐2.9%) of long‐term use of INCS.ConclusionOverall, the use of INCS carries a low risk for AI. Although modest, this risk may differ depending on the length of duration and type of INCS used. Informing patients of these risks is of importance for the treatment of chronic sinonasal conditions.
Cumulative comorbidity burden does not worsen outcomes in management of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Mace Jess C. , Rimmer Ryan , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Beswick Daniel M. , Soler Zachary M. , Manor James , Orlandi Richard R. , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of multiple coexisting medical comorbidities on treatment outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is unknown. In this study we sought to evaluate the effect of comorbidities on sinonasal quality of life (QOL) and general health utility values by utilizing the Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) in CRS patients.MethodsPatients with CRS were prospectively enrolled in a cross‐sectional study of medical and surgical therapies. The 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form 6D (SF‐6D) scores were recorded at enrollment and 6‐month follow‐up; Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy and Lund‐Mackay computed tomography scores were recorded at enrollment. The FCI was calculated using the electronic medical record. The impact of cumulative comorbidity burden on baseline and posttreatment outcomes was assessed using univariate and bivariate correlations.ResultsA total of 428 participants with CRS were included. The average (mean standard ± deviation) FCI score was 3.03 ± 2.28 (range, 0‐12). Significant linear correlations were identified between increasing FCI score and baseline SNOT‐22 and SF‐6D scores (R = 0.166, p = 0.001 and R = −0.245, p < 0.001, respectively). There was no correlation between FCI and change in SNOT‐22 or SF‐6D scores after CRS treatment (R = 0.066, p = 0.17 and R = −0.087, p = 0.074, respectively). Achievement of a minimally clinically important difference was also independent of FCI.ConclusionAlthough cumulative comorbidity burden, as measured by FCI, is associated with worse baseline SNOT‐22 and SF‐6D scores, it does not appear to limit posttreatment improvement in either outcome measure. On average, patients with high comorbidity burden report substantial improvement in both QOL and health utility after CRS treatment, similar to those with fewer comorbidities.
Palladium supported on MRGO@CoAl‐LDH catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitroarenes and carbonylative Suzuki coupling reactions using formic acid as liquid CO and H2 source
Authors: Jadidi Nejad Masoumeh , Heydari Akbar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a heterogeneous palladium catalyst system, Pd nanoparticles supported on MRGO@CoAl‐LDH, was synthesized and employed in reductive carbonylation of nitroarenes and carbonylative Suzuki coupling reactions using formic acid as CO and H2 source. The as‐obtained heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The nanocatalyst was reused for 5 cycles with a negligible reduction in the yield of products. All reactions were carried out with high yields and under suitable and safe conditions. Also, we have successfully applied formic acid as a good and safe alternative to CO and H2 gases.
Synthesis and performance application of self‐crosslinking water‐borne epoxy resin for cementing
Authors: Peng Zhigang , Zhou Zhengyan , Feng Qian , Zheng Yong , Yang Qizhen , Liu Xifeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAiming at the problem of high brittleness of cement stone, we have studied the self‐emulsificating and self‐crosslinking modification of epoxy resin (EP) (E54), and the modified EP was used in oil well cement to improve the cement ring toughness and reduce the cement ring cracked. Using 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid and acrylamide as modified monomers, benzoyl peroxide as initiator, and grafting modification method by free radical polymerization to obtain water‐borne epoxy resin (WBE). Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and 1H NMR were used to characterize the modified product, which showed that the WBE contained ─SO3H and ─CONH2 hydrophilic groups, and the connecting method of the hydrophilic side chain was clarified. WBE can achieve good dispersion in an aqueous solution, it can be stabilized for 30 min without stratified at a centrifugal speed of 6000 rpm; when the temperature is >80°C, it can be self‐curing. The addition of WBE can increase the flexural strength of cement stone by 48.3%, the compressive strength by 38.4%, and reduce the modulus of elasticity by 45.3%. Scanning electron microscope analyzed the mechanism of WBE to improve the toughness of cement stone, and found that after WBE cross‐linking, polymer films and three‐dimensional network structures are formed in the cement stone, making the cement structure more compact. WBE can effectively improve the mechanical properties of cement rings and can be used to improve cementing quality.
Influence of the dispersion of Nanoclays on the cellular structure of foams based on polystyrene
Authors: Ballesteros Alberto , Laguna‐Gutierrez Ester , Cimavilla‐Roman Paula , Puertas Maria Luisa , Esteban‐Cubillo Antonio , Santaren Julio , Rodriguez‐Perez Miguel Angel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present work blends of polystyrene (PS) with sepiolites have been produced using a melt extrusion process. The dispersion degree of the sepiolites in the PS has been analyzed by dynamic shear rheology and X‐ray micro‐computed tomography. Sepiolites treated with quaternary ammonium salts (O‐QASEP) are better dispersed in the PS matrix than natural sepiolites (N‐SEP) or sepiolites organo‐modified with silane groups (O‐SGSEP). A percolated network is obtained when using 6.0 wt% of O‐QASEP, 8.0 wt% of N‐SEP and 10.0 wt% of O‐SGSEP. It has been shown that multiple extrusion processes have a negative effect on the polymer architecture. They produce a reduction in the length of the polymeric chains, and they do not lead to a better dispersion of the particles in the polymer matrix. Foams have been produced using a gas dissolution foaming process, where a strong effect of the dispersion degree on the cellular structure of the different foams was found. The effects on the cellular structure obtained by using different types of sepiolites, different contents of sepiolites and different extrusion conditions have been analyzed. The foams produced with the formulations containing O‐QASEP present the lowest cell size and the most homogeneous cellular structures.
The relationship between child behaviour problems at school entrance and teenage vocabulary acquisition: A comparison of two generations of British children born 30 years apart
Authors: Parsons Sam , Sullivan Alice , Moulton Vanessa , Fitzsimons Emla , Ploubidis George B. 
Published: July 2021

Behaviour problems in early childhood have a lasting impact on cognitive development and education attainment in later adolescence and into adulthood. Here we address the relationship conduct and hyperactivity problems at school entrance, and vocabulary acquisition in adolescence. We compare performance in identical assessments across two generations of British children born 30 years apart in 1970 (n = 15,676) and 2000/2 (n = 16,628) and find that both conduct and hyperactivity problems have a negative association with later vocabulary in both generations. We take advantage of rich longitudinal birth cohort data and establish that these relationships hold once family socioeconomic status and a child’s personal characteristics and earlier vocabulary acquisition are taken into account. We also find that teenagers today achieved substantively lower scores in the vocabulary assessment compared to their counterparts born 30 years earlier, and that this holds across all categories within each of the family and individual characteristics considered in this article. As vocabulary and language skills are key prerequisites for wider learning, we discuss implications the findings have for education policies.
Autism spectrum disorder detection using sequential minimal optimization‐support vector machine hybrid classifier according to history of jaundice and family autism in children
Authors: Yücelbaş Şule , Yücelbaş Cüneyt 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by several nervous system problems that change the function of the brain. It is either congenital or occurs in the early years of life. Although the cause of ASD is not known exactly, it is generally thought to be genetic. Today, the relationship of ASD with other diseases is under investigation. One of these diseases is jaundice. It has been shown in different medical studies that the probability of children, who were jaundiced in the newborn period and/or had a family history of autism, having this disorder is higher than the others. However, studies in this area using artificial intelligence techniques are limited. For this reason, in this study, the relationship between ASD with jaundice and/or family history of autism in children was emphasized by using current machine learning techniques and analyses. Datasets were established by digitizing verbal data obtained from children between the ages of 4 and 11: (1) subjects with a family history of autism, (2) subjects with a history of jaundice, (3) subjects with both history of jaundice and family autism, and (4) subjects with no conditions. Since the verbal datasets created by the answers from the children (with or without ASD) or the people around them were converted into numerical form with 0–1 coding, mathematical operations could be performed using these datasets. The four subgroups of data mentioned above were given to the sequential minimal optimization‐support vector machine hybrid classifier after they were separated into training and test data via the stratified cross‐validation method. The results were analyzed with various statistical parameters. In addition, the sequential forward floating selection algorithm was used to determine which features were not effective for ASD detection. Obtained results from all datasets can provide a new perspective for the literature. As a result, it was determined with a 100% success rate for dataset1 and dataset3. In addition, the ASD detection rate was calculated at 95.52% in children with a history of jaundice. Finally, considerable and meaningful interpretations were made about which features according to the history of jaundice and family autism for each dataset are more effective in ASD detection in children.
Phototunable Lignin Plastics to Enable Recyclability
Authors: Hu Cheng , Zhao Mingzhen , Li Qiang , Liu Zhihua , Hao Naijia , Meng Xianzhi , Li Jinghao , Lin Furong , Li Chenxuan , Fang Lei , Dai Susie Y. , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Sue H. J. , Yuan Joshua S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe accumulation of non‐degradable petrochemical plastics imposes a significant threat to the environment and ecosystems. We addressed this challenge by designing a new type of phototunable plastics based on the unique lignin chemistry to enable readily end‐life recycling. The advanced material design leveraged the efficient photocatalytic lignin depolymerization by ZnO nanoparticles to build lignin‐polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)‐ZnO blends. We first demonstrated the highly effective phototunable lignin depolymerization in the complex polymer blend matrix and explored the molecular mechanisms. The technical barriers of mechanical property and recycling processing were then addressed by a new blend design with lignin core grafted with PMMA polymer. The new process has resulted in a new type of PMMA‐g‐lignin blend, which significantly improved the mechanical properties, making it comparable to PMMA alone. More importantly, the mechanical properties of the UV‐treated blend decreased drastically in the new design, whereas the properties did not reduce in the non‐grafted blends upon UV exposure. The results highlighted that the new blend design based on graftization maximized the impact of lignin depolymerization on blend structure and recyclability. Based on the results, we developed a process integrating UV and alkaline treatments to recycle PMMA for plastics and fractionated lignin for bioconversion or other applications in the new phototunable plastics.
Constant DC‐bus critical conduction mode Zeta converter fed primary‐side regulated LLC resonant converter in LED lighting applications
Authors: Pal Somnath , Singh Bhim , Shrivastava Ashish 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with a two‐stage high‐power light‐emitting diode (LED) driving solution for an isolated LED load. The first‐stage DC–DC power conversion is using a nonisolated Zeta converter operating in critical conduction mode to reduce component stress and switching power loss. This power stage is accountable for the power factor correction (PFC) under the universal AC voltage operation and developed a constant DC‐bus voltage for the second stage. In the second stage, half‐bridge LLC resonant converter is dedicated to deliver ripple‐free DC voltage to an isolated LED load. A new primary‐side regulation (PSR) technique is implemented in series with the resonant tank to reduce the component counts in the feedback loop. The stability of the DC‐bus voltage is verified by the state‐space analysis for the critical conduction mode (CrCM) Zeta converter. A 150 W load is driven by a prototype with a nearly unity power factor (PF) and low harmonics distortion in the input current.