bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Conductive Polymers for Treating Myocardial Conductive Defects: Long‐Term Efficacy Study
Authors: Fu Anne , Yang Yahan , Wu Jun , Li Shu‐Hong , Fan Yunfei , Yau Terrance M , Li Ren‐Ke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing myocardial infarction (MI), the resulting fibrotic scar is nonconductive and leads to ventricular dysfunction via electrical uncoupling of the remaining viable cardiomyocytes. The uneven conductive properties between normal myocardium and scar tissue result in arrhythmia, yielding sudden cardiac death/heart failure. A conductive biopolymer, poly‐3‐amino‐4‐methoxybenzoic acid‐gelatin (PAMB‐G), is able to resynchronize myocardial contractions in vivo. Intravenous PAMB‐G injections into mice show that it does not cause any acute toxicity, up to the maximum tolerated dose (1.6 mL kg−1), which includes the determined therapeutic dose (0.4 mL kg−1). There is also no short‐ or long‐term toxicity when PAMB‐G is injected into the myocardium of MI rats, with no significant changes in body weight, organ–brain ratio, hematologic, and histological parameters for up to 12 months post‐injection. At the therapeutic dose, PAMB‐G restores electrical conduction in infarcted rat hearts, resulting in lowered arrhythmia susceptibility and improved cardiac function. PAMB‐G is also durable, as mass spectrometry detected the biopolymer for up to 12 months post‐injection. PAMB‐G did not impact reproductive organ function or offspring characteristics when given intravenously into healthy adult rats. Thus, PAMB‐G is a nontoxic, durable, and conductive biomaterial that is able to improve cardiac function for up to 1 year post‐implantation.
New Dimension in Magnetism and Superconductivity: 3D and Curvilinear Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Makarov Denys , Volkov Oleksii M. , Kákay Attila , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr V. , Budinská Barbora , Dobrovolskiy Oleksandr V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTraditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at the heart of research, is the theory of general relativity. In recent studies, however, the impact of curvilinear geometry enters various disciplines, ranging from solid‐state physics over soft‐matter physics, chemistry, and biology to mathematics, giving rise to a plethora of emerging domains such as curvilinear nematics, curvilinear studies of cell biology, curvilinear semiconductors, superfluidity, optics, 2D van der Waals materials, plasmonics, magnetism, and superconductivity. Here, the state of the art is summarized and prospects for future research in curvilinear solid‐state systems exhibiting such fundamental cooperative phenomena as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity are outlined. Highlighting the recent developments and current challenges in theory, fabrication, and characterization of curvilinear micro‐ and nanostructures, special attention is paid to perspective research directions entailing new physics and to their strong application potential. Overall, the perspective is aimed at crossing the boundaries between the magnetism and superconductivity communities and drawing attention to the conceptual aspects of how extension of structures into the third dimension and curvilinear geometry can modify existing and aid launching novel functionalities. In addition, the perspective should stimulate the development and dissemination of research and development oriented techniques to facilitate rapid transitions from laboratory demonstrations to industry‐ready prototypes and eventual products.
Bright and Stable Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Taesoo , Kim Byong Jae , Lee Hyunkoo , Hahm Donghyo , Bae Wan Ki , Lim Jaehoon , Kwak Jeonghun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation displays and lighting sources, but they are barely used because vulnerability to electrical and thermal stresses precludes high brightness, efficiency, and stability at high current density (J) regimes. Here, bright and stable QLEDs on a Si substrate are demonstrated, expanding their potential application boundary over the present art. First, a tailored interface is granted to the quantum dots, maximizing the quantum yield and mitigating nonradiative Auger decay of the multiexcitons generated at high‐J regimes. Second, a heat‐endurable, top‐emission device architecture is employed and optimized based on optical simulation to enhance the light outcoupling efficiency. The multilateral approaches realize that the red top‐emitting QLEDs exhibit a maximum luminance of 3 300 000 cd m−2, a current efficiency of 75.6 cd A−1, and an operational lifetime of 125 000 000 h at an initial brightness of 100 cd m−2, which are the highest of the values reported so far.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Templated Graphitic Carbon Confining MnO/Mn3O4 Nanoparticles via Direct Laser Printing for Electrocatalysis and Supercapacitor
Authors: Lam Do Van , Dung Dao Thi , Roh Euijin , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Kim Hyunuk , Lee Seung‐Mo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransition metal oxides with high specific capacities and variable electronic structures are of paramount importance for advanced energy conversion and storage, yet suffering from low electronic conductivity and poor structural stability during the electrochemical process. Herein, via direct laser printing on an Mn‐based metal–organic framework (Mn‐MOF) in air, MnO/Mn3O4 nanoparticles confined in mesoporous graphitic carbon can be mass‐produced rapidly. It is revealed that the structural transformations in manganese oxides (MnOx → Mn3O4 → MnO) occur during the decomposition of the Mn‐MOF and the MnO/Mn3O4 nanoparticles promote the catalytic graphitization of disordered carbon. The composite shows high electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction performances in the alkaline electrolyte with an overpotential of 394 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and good durability of 75% retention after 24 h. In addition, it also exhibits promising supercapacitive performances with a specific capacitance of 194 F g−1 and reasonable stability of 82% retention after 5000 cycles.
Stretchable, Washable, and Rewritable Electrophoretic Displays with Tough Hydrogel–Elastomer Interface
Authors: Qiu Zhiguang , Wu Ziyi , Zhong Min , Yang Mingyang , Xu Jiazhe , Zhang Gaofan , Qin Zong , Yang Bo‐Ru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTremendous advances in stretchable and biocompatible electronics have led to broad requirements of wearable display devices. However, most devices suffer from insufficient reliability owing to structural mismatch and bubbles under repeated deformation. To address this issue, this article presents a stretchable electrophoretic display (SEPD) with reinforced adhesion by in situ adhesion decoration between the hydrogel electrode and the elastomer display layer. The SEPD with a maximum strain of over 80% can still operate properly. Moreover, the SEPD device is endowed with stretchable, washable, rewritable, and erasable properties owing to the inherent characteristics of the elastomer‐based materials used. Arbitrary texts and patterns can be drawn and maintained for over 43 days of bistability without a predetermined patterned electrode or a thin‐film transistor as the addressing switches. In addition, the casting and blade coatings used in this work are suitable for mass production. The proposed hybrid structure with tough adhesion provides a new paradigm for other wearable devices.
Boolean and Elementary Algebra with a Roll‐To‐Roll Printed Electrochemical Memristor
Authors: Grant Benjamin , Bandera Yuriy , Foulger Stephen H. , Vilčáková Jarmila , Sáha Petr , Pfleger Jiří 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA non‐volatile conjugated polymer‐based electrochemical memristor (cPECM), derived from sodium 4‐[(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐2‐yl)methoxy]butane‐2‐sulfonate (S‐EDOT), is fabricated through roll‐to‐roll printing and exhibited neuromorphic properties. The 3‐terminal device employed a “read” channel where conductivity of the water‐soluble, self‐doped S‐PEDOT is equated to synaptic weight and was electrically decoupled from the programming electrode. For the model system, a +2500 mV programming pulse of 100 ms duration resulted in a 0.136 μS resolution in conductivity change, giving over 1000 distinct conductivity states for one cycle. The minimum programming power requirements of the cPECM was 0.31 pJ mm−2 and with advanced printing techniques, a 0.1 fJ requirement for a 20 μm device is achievable. The mathematical operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are demonstrated with a single cPECM, as well as the logic gates AND, OR, NAND, and NOR. This demonstration of a printed cPECM is the first step toward the implementation of a mass produced electrochemical memristor that combines information storage and processing and may allow for the realization of printable artificial neural networks.
Microenvironment‐Responsive Prodrug‐Induced Pyroptosis Boosts Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhang Tian , Ma Xianbin , Yang Qi‐Chao , Yang Lei‐Lei , Yang Shao‐Chen , Liang Mengyun , Xu Zhigang , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe absence of tumor antigens leads to a low response rate, which represents a major challenge in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Pyroptosis, which releases tumor antigens and damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that induce antitumor immunity and boost ICB efficiency, potentially leads to injury when occurring in normal tissues. Therefore, a strategy and highly efficient agent to induce tumor‐specific pyroptosis but reduce pyroptosis in normal tissues is urgently required. Here, a smart tumor microenvironmental reactive oxygen species (ROS)/glutathione (GSH) dual‐responsive nano‐prodrug (denoted as MCPP) with high paclitaxel (PTX) and photosensitizer purpurin 18 (P18) loading is rationally designed. The ROS/GSH dual‐responsive system facilitates the nano‐prodrug response to high ROS/GSH in the tumor microenvironment and achieves optimal drug release in tumors. ROS generated by P18 after laser irradiation achieves controlled release and induces tumor cell pyroptosis with PTX by chemo‐photodynamic therapy. Pyroptotic tumor cells release DAMPs, thus initiating adaptive immunity, boosting ICB efficiency, achieving tumor regression, generating immunological memory, and preventing tumor recurrence. Mechanistically, chemo‐photodynamic therapy and control‐release PTX synergistically induce gasdermin E (GSDME)‐related pyroptosis. It is speculated that inspired chemo‐photodynamic therapy using the presented nano‐prodrug strategy can be a smart strategy to trigger pyroptosis and augment ICB efficiency.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material: An Emerging Class of Metal‐Free Luminophores for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Fang Fang , Zhu Lin , Li Min , Song Yueyue , Sun Meng , Zhao Dongxu , Zhang Jinfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of simple, efficient, and biocompatible organic luminescent molecules is of great significance to the clinical transformation of biomaterials. In recent years, purely organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with an extremely small single‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) have been considered as the most promising new‐generation electroluminescence emitters, which is an enormous breakthrough in organic optoelectronics. By merits of the unique photophysical properties, high structure flexibility, and reduced health risks, such metal‐free TADF luminophores have attracted tremendous attention in biomedical fields, including conventional fluorescence imaging, time‐resolved imaging and sensing, and photodynamic therapy. However, there is currently no systematic summary of the TADF materials for biomedical applications, which is presented in this review. Besides a brief introduction of the major developments of TADF material, the typical TADF mechanisms and fundamental principles on design strategies of TADF molecules and nanomaterials are subsequently described. Importantly, a specific emphasis is placed on the discussion of TADF materials for various biomedical applications. Finally, the authors make a forecast of the remaining challenges and future developments. This review provides insightful perspectives and clear prospects towards the rapid development of TADF materials in biomedicine, which will be highly valuable to exploit new luminescent materials.
Efficient and Composition‐Tolerant Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 Solar Cells Derived From an In Situ Formed Multifunctional Carbon Framework
Authors: Xu Xiao , Guo Linbao , Zhou Jiazheng , Duan Biwen , Li Dongmei , Shi Jiangjian , Wu Huijue , Luo Yanhong , Meng Qingbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBroadening the processing window is of high importance for developing efficient Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. Herein, a high efficiency (active‐area: 13.5%) of CZTSSe solar cells achieved from thioglycolic acid (TGA)‐ammonia based water solution method is first reported. The cell performance exhibits the high tolerance to the element composition variations of the CZTSSe film. Film crystallization and chemical mechanism studies reveal that this high composition‐tolerance mainly benefits from an existence of a conductive carbon framework layer with high element accommodating ability and a phase‐segregation growth behavior of CZTSSe grains driven by thermodynamics properties of the heterogeneous film system. It is shown that Sn–TGA coordination capable to induce large metal–organic molecule clusters plays a critical role in forming the mesoscopic carbon layer. These results and related material mechanism provide new routes to regulate crystal growth of the CZTSSe film for further improving cell performance.
Sulfur‐Deficient ZnIn2S4/Oxygen‐Deficient WO3 Hybrids with Carbon Layer Bridges as a Novel Photothermal/Photocatalytic Integrated System for Z‐Scheme Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Yijin , Huang Wenjing , Guo Shaohui , Xin Xu , Zhang Youzi , Guo Peng , Tang Songwei , Li Xuanhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough photocatalytic overall water splitting is a potential technology for converting solar energy into chemical fuel, the widely reported solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency is around 1%, indicating unsatisfactory photocatalytic performance. Here, a novel photocatalyst material is designed and a whole reaction system is constructed, resulting in an integrative photothermal–photocatalytic Z‐scheme overall water splitting reaction system. In terms of materials design, a novel sulfur‐deficient ZnIn2S4/oxygen‐deficient WO3 (ZIS–WO) hybrid with surface‐carbonized wood (C‐wood) is reported. The ZIS–WO hybrid with sulfur and oxygen vacancies promotes the adsorption of visible light and the separation of charge carriers. The conductive C‐wood is strategically used as an additional electron bridge to accelerate electron transfer. In terms of system construction, the C‐wood exploits the photothermal effect to change the solid/liquid/gas triphase system to a solid/gas biphase system by transforming liquid water into steam, which drastically restrains carrier recombination, and decreases the photocatalytic reaction barrier. The H2 and O2 production rates in the proposed system are approximately 169.2 and 82.5 µmol h–1 under air mass (AM) 1.5 light irradiation, and the corresponding solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency is as high as 1.52%. The study from photocatalyst design to reaction system construct opens a new insight for versatile and high‐performance photocatalytic overall water splitting.
Metasurface Photoelectrodes for Enhanced Solar Fuel Generation
Authors: Hüttenhofer Ludwig , Golibrzuch Matthias , Bienek Oliver , Wendisch Fedja J. , Lin Rui , Becherer Markus , Sharp Ian D. , Maier Stefan A. , Cortés Emiliano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTailoring optical properties in photocatalysts by nanostructuring them can help increase solar light harvesting efficiencies in a wide range of materials. Whereas plasmon resonances are widely employed in metallic catalysts for this purpose, latest advances of nonradiative, dielectric nanophotonics also enable light confinement and enhanced visible light absorption in semiconductors. Here, a design procedure for large‐scale nanofabrication of semiconductor photoelectrodes using imprint lithography is developed. Anapole excitations and metasurface lattice resonances are combined to enhance the absorption of the model material, amorphous gallium phosphide (a‐GaP), over the visible spectrum. It is shown that cost‐effective, high sample throughput is achieved while retaining the precise signature of the engineered photonic states. Photoelectrochemical measurements under hydrogen evolution reaction conditions and sunlight illumination reveal the contributions of the respective resonances and demonstrate an overall photocurrent enhancement of 5.7, compared to a planar film. These results are supported by optical and numerical analysis of single nanodisks and of the upscaled metasurface.
Current status of perioperative nutritional intervention and exercise in gastric cancer surgery: A review
Authors: Ida Satoshi , Kumagai Koshi , Nunobe Souya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPatients with gastric cancer are often malnourished or sarcopenic during tumor progression. Perioperative malnutrition, including sarcopenia, is strongly related to postoperative complications and long‐term outcomes. To improve outcomes, nutritional intervention is common for patients with gastric cancer, especially for those undergoing elective surgery. Several clinical trials evaluating perioperative nutritional intervention have set postoperative loss of body weight and lean body mass as endpoints; however, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, recently, perioperative multimodal interventions that are expected to have a synergistic effect between nutritional intervention and exercise have gained attention. Furthermore, supplementing with leucine, a branched‐chain amino acid, in addition to exercise, may be promising for preventing perioperative sarcopenia. However, whether perioperative nutritional intervention and exercise has clinical benefits in gastric surgery is unclear. With the aging of gastric cancer patients, measures to address sarcopenia will become more important in the future. Understanding the significance of nutritional intervention and exercise in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery will help achieve good outcomes.
The taste of the pandemic—contemporary review on the current state of research on gustation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Hintschich Constantin A. , Niv Masha Y. , Hummel Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSubjectively perceived impairment of taste is a common and distinct symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Large meta‐analyses identified this symptom in approximately 50% of cases. However, this high prevalence is not supported by blinded and validated psychophysical gustatory testing, which showed a much lower prevalence in up to 26% of patients. This discrepancy may be due to misinterpretation of impaired retronasal olfaction as gustatory dysfunction. In addition, we hypothesized that COVID‐19–associated hyposmia is involved in the decrease of gustatory function, as found for hyposmia of different origin. This indirect mechanism would be based on the central‐nervous mutual amplification between the chemical senses, which fails in COVID‐19–associated olfactory loss. However, further research is necessary on how severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) may directly impair the gustatory pathway as well as its subjective perception.
An N‐Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization Strategy for Accessing Diverse N‐Trifluoromethyl Azoles from Nitriles and 1,3‐Dipoles
Authors: Zhang Ru Zhong , Zhang Ru Xue , Wang Shuang , Xu Cong , Guan Wei , Wang Mang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractN‐Trifluoromethyl azoles are valuable targets in medicinal chemistry, but their synthesis is challenging. Classical preparation of N‐CF3 azoles relies on the functional group interconversions but suffers from tedious N‐pre‐functionalization and unfriendly agents. Introduction of the CF3 onto the nitrogen of heterocycles provides a direct route to such motifs, but the N‐trifluoromethylation remains underdeveloped. Reported here is an alternative and scalable cyclization strategy based on NCF3‐containing synthons for constructing N‐CF3 azoles. The approach involves the N‐trifluoromethylation of nitriles followed by a [3+2] cyclization between resulting N‐CF3 nitrilium derivatives and 1,3‐dipoles. PhICF3Cl was an effective CF3 source for the transformation. As a result, a generic platform is established to divergently synthesize N‐trifluoromethylated tetrazoles, imidazoles, and 1,2,3‐triazoles by using sodium azide, activated methylene isocyanides, and diazo compounds as dipoles.
Photodynamic therapy applications of Re(I)‐BODIPY functionalized nanoparticles
Authors: Tyagi Nidhi , Kaur Navneet , Sahoo Subash Chandra , Venugopalan Paloth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganometallic Re(I)‐BODIPY compounds have recently received attention as metal‐based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications owing to their strong absorption in the visible region. We synthesized and characterized an organometallic [ReI(L)2(CO)3Br] (ReL) complex containing a BODIPY ligand (L) and prepared nanoparticles of the ligand (NPL) as well as the complex (NPReL). The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analyses. Single‐crystal structure of ReL showed octahedral environment around Re center, and the BODIPY chromophore was placed at distances of around 12 Å. Detailed photophysical properties of ReL were investigated which showed strong visible absorption at 551 nm (ε = 1.46 × 105 M−1 cm−1) owing to π‐conjugation of BODIPY with the metal center Re(I). Efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and formation of triplet‐excited states with lifetimes of 0.80 and 0.65 μs for L and ReL, respectively, were confirmed through nanosecond‐laser flash photolysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The photosensitization efficiency of ReL was observed to be ϕΔ = 0.77. In vitro biological studies of NPReL showed negligible toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the dark as compared with NPL despite the good photosensitization ability of NPL. Therefore, NPReL showed coordination‐enhanced cytotoxicity under irradiation conditions and interestingly found to be nontoxic to normal NIH3T3 cell lines in comparison with L. Flow cytometry studies further indicated that the major cause of cell death by NPReL was via apoptotic pathways (54%), which authenticates its potential as a PDT agent.
The effect of inorganic salt on multiphase flow characteristics in a microbubble column: A focus on the ionic strength
Authors: Jia Chao , Shen Hu , Xu Yingyu , Hu Xingbang , Yang Guoqiang , Zhang Zhibing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith enormous interfacial area for particle collection, microbubbles exhibit great application prospect in the mineral flotation. Under certain ionic strength, microbubbles can be produced continuously in the microbubble column without extra reagent addition. In this work, multiphase flow characteristics (Sauter mean diameter, bubble size distribution, gas holdup & interfacial area) were studied systematically with variables including the salt type, salt concentration, and operating conditions. Based on mathematical model, critical coalescence concentration was determined for each investigated salt. According to experimental results, a mathematical correlation was established between the Sauter mean diameter and ionic strength. For the formation of microbubble system, the lowest ionic strength was approximately 0.5 mol/L. Multiphase flow characteristics in the microbubble column depended highly on the ionic strength. The interfacial area and gas holdup increased by 38 times and more than 3 times respectively, with the ionic strength of Al2(SO4)3 rising from 0 to 1.5 mol/L. The critical coalescence concentration ranged from 0.037 mol/L (Al2(SO4)3) to 0.517 mol/L (NaCl), which correlated with the ionic strength of each salt.