bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immigrant presence in collaborative structures of urban politics
Authors: Moutselos Michalis , Schönwälder Karen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParticipation and representation of disadvantaged groups are important, but partly still understudied aspects of democratic politics. The present article looks at the inclusion of migrant representatives in urban governance networks making use of original survey data from 40 large cities in France and Germany. We find that about half of policy‐relevant urban actors in both countries and across cities cooperate with migrant associations regularly. This indicates that urban governance networks are furthering the civic and political presence of migrants. Cooperation with migrant associations is more likely when specific representative local institutions (foreigner/integration councils) exist, and is also boosted by the overall density of governance networks in a city. Politicians and local administrators remain central actors in such networks, while social welfare organizations emerge as important interlocutors with migrant associations. The article identifies and discusses differences between the two countries.
Physical and biotic factors driving the diversity of spider assemblages in tree hollows of MediterraneanQuercusforests
Authors: Hernández‐Corral Jesús , García‐López Alejandra , Ferrández Miguel Ángel , Micó Estefanía 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTree hollows are keystone structures that promote forest biodiversity. This study analyses the spatio‐temporal diversity of spiders in these microhabitats.Forty‐eight emergence traps were installed in tree cavities ofQuercus pyrenaicaforests in the Iberian Peninsula. Traps were collected monthly during a complete year.Generalised linear models and canonical correspondence analysis were used to evaluate the effect of two physical (hollow volume and height above ground) and three biotic variables (beetle richness and abundance and isopod abundance) on the spider diversity and composition of the entire assemblage and of the foraging guilds. Moreover, we examined the temporal segregation of the species using beta diversity metrics.Tree hollows hosted a rich spider assemblage (87 species) including 10 endemic and one vulnerable species. We registered four tree‐bark obligate and one hollow‐dependent species.Hollow height and beetle richness were the variables that better explained richness, while all variables analysed influenced spider abundances. However, contrary to the observed effect for other taxa (i.e. beetles), bigger cavities did not host more spider species.Temporal beta diversity throughout the year was very high and primarily explained by species turnover suggesting a temporal species segregation.We conclude that tree hollows constitute a key habitat for forest spiders and that special attention must be paid to the preservation of this microhabitat in forest ecosystems.
Let us be realistic: The impact of perceived brand authenticity and advertising image on consumers’ purchase intentions of food brands
Authors: Loebnitz Natascha , Grunert Klaus G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a consensus that for a brand being perceived as authentic is an asset. However, an authentic brand is only half of the equation, as a brand must also appear in advertisement that seems authentic. Drawing on the selective accessibility model (SAM), this paper examines in the context of food brands (a) the joint effect of perceived brand authenticity and advertising images on consumers’ purchase intentions toward the advertised food product; (b) the mechanism that drives consumers’ purchase intentions, in which perceived similarity functions as a mediator; and (c) the moderating function of role overload in these relationships. Two studies employed a 2 (advertising image: ideal vs. authentic) × 2 (perceived food brand authenticity: inauthentic vs. authentic) between subjects design. Study 1 (USA) used a manipulation to determine high versus low authentic food brands (fictitious brands), whereas Study 2 (Germany) used actual food brands that consumers perceive to differ in terms of authenticity. Results confirm that brand authenticity serves as an asset. However, the interacting effect of perceived brand authenticity and advertising image is qualified by overall brand evaluation. In line with SAM, participants perceived similarity of one’s own situation with the adverting image depicting “family dinner” situation serves as mediating variable. The results provide insights into when and why food brand marketers should employ authentic advertising images and how they can target those consumers who are more prone to respond positively to authentic ads.
Sleeping under the waves: A longitudinal study across the contagion peaks of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Salfi Federico , D'Atri Aurora , Tempesta Daniela , Ferrara Michele 
Published: March 2021

SummaryAfter the March–April 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak, a second contagion wave afflicted Europe in the autumn. The present study aimed to evaluate sleep health/patterns of Italians during this further challenging situation. A total of 2,013 Italians longitudinally participated in a web‐based survey during the two contagion peaks of the COVID‐19 outbreak. We investigated the risk factors for sleep disturbances during the second wave, and we compared sleep quality and psychological well‐being between the two assessments (March–April and November–December 2020). Female gender, low education, evening chronotype, being a high‐risk person for COVID‐19 infection, reporting negative social or economic impact, and evening smartphone overuse predicted a higher risk of poor sleep and insomnia symptoms during the second wave. Advanced age, living with a high‐risk person for COVID‐19 infection, and having a relative/friend infected with COVID‐19 before the prior 2 weeks were risk categories for poor sleep quality. Living with children, having contracted COVID‐19 before the prior 2 weeks, being pessimistic about the vaccine and working in healthcare, were risk factors for insomnia symptoms. The follow‐up assessment highlighted reduced insomnia symptoms and anxiety. Nevertheless, we found reduced sleep duration, higher daytime dysfunction, advanced bedtime and wake‐up time, and a shift to morningness, confirming the alarming prevalence of poor sleepers (~60%) and severe depression (~20%) in a context of increased perceived stress. The present study showed a persistent impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on sleep and mental health. Large‐scale interventions to counteract the chronicity and exacerbation of sleep and psychological disturbances are necessary, especially for the at‐risk categories.
Must cognitive sociology heed capitalism? Attention and marginal consciousness in political‐economic context
Authors: Gunderson Ryan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAron Gurwitsch's four‐domain model of consciousness is placed in political‐economic context to theorize how social forces influence perception. Along with clarifying key concepts in cognitive sociology like “relevance” and “the taken‐for‐granted,” the model explains the processes through which social structures—despite being vaguely understood, ignored, or unknown by the typical subject on a typical day—condition thematization and what items are considered relevant or irrelevant to the given theme. A capitalist “social horizon” influences attention bystructurally imposing themeson consciousness as well as filters what items are considered relevant to the given theme throughhegemonic frames—which select theme‐relevant items conducive to encouraging actors to consensually reproduce the status quo—andreificatory processes, or discursive and material practices that constitute items as fixed and inalterable.
Stejneger's beaked whale strandings in Alaska, 1995–2020
Authors: Savage Katharine N. , Burek‐Huntington Kathy , Wright Sadie K. , Bryan Anna L. , Sheffield Gay , Webber Marc , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , Tuomi Pam , Delaney Martha A. , Walker William 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPresented here is the first comprehensive and updated compilation of history, distribution, and findings of Stejneger's beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) in Alaska. Stejneger's beaked whales are a poorly understood, elusive, deep‐diving cetacean species found in the North Pacific Ocean. Since Stejneger's beaked whale strandings data in Alaska through 1994 were last published, 35 additional strandings have been documented. Twenty‐seven animals stranded in the Aleutian Islands, seven stranded in Southcentral Alaska, and one animal stranded on St. Lawrence Island. Twenty‐two carcasses were necropsied, but only four were fresh. Seventeen of the 22 died during mass stranding events and cause of death could not be definitively determined. Barotrauma was suspected in three cases and infectious disease possibly complicated by barotrauma occurred in two cases. We documented an expansion of strandings into the northern Bering Sea, characterized a sex bias, examined stomach contents that included macroplastic, and identified parasites not previously associated with Stejneger's beaked whales. Also included are data on the largest known mass stranding of Stejneger's beaked whales, which occurred on Adak Island in 2018. The history, distribution, and findings presented here are central to further our understanding of this species.
Wading Through the Heraclitean Waters of Experience
Authors: Sanhueza Rodríguez Sebastián 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis piece contrasts two ontological views of perceptual experience: on the one hand, Experiential Heracliteanism, a view according to which the intuitively dynamic character of experience should be described – and probably accounted for – in irreducibly dynamic terms; and, on the other, Experiential non‐Heracliteanism, a stance according to which perceptual experience may at least be described – if not explained – in terms of nondynamic constituents. I specially strive (1) to frame both proposals against the backdrop of a venerable Heraclitean metaphor and (2) to highlight the virtues of Experiential non‐Heracliteanism against its currently sexier Heraclitean counterpart.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Photobleaching of Protoporphyrin IX Used in Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Ogbonna Sochi Judith , Hazama Hisanao , Awazu Kunio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotobleaching and photoproduct formations are considered essential phenomena in improving the efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis and therapy (PDD and PDT). We investigated the photobleaching of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) by measuring its concentration with mass spectrometry (MS). The reduction in the concentration of PpIX dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide was measured during PDD and PDT conditions using lasers with wavelengths of 405 and 635 nm, respectively, at a power density of 10, 50 or 100 mW/cm2. The obtained results were compared with the results of conventional fluorescence spectroscopy and previously reported results. Our results demonstrate the variation in the MS‐based photobleaching coefficient of PpIX with the power density, while the fluorescence‐based photobleaching coefficient was independent of the power density. The results of MS also show faster photobleaching of PpIX in comparison with that obtained from fluorescence. The difference may be attributed to the change in the fluorescence quantum yield of PpIX with its concentration and the effect of fluorescence emission from the PpIX photoproducts. Thus, an MS‐based investigation of the photobleaching poses to be a more stable investigation form. Our finding highlights the importance of recognizing the potential significance of these discoveries in the PDD and PDT dosimetry and efficacy.
Ficolin‐3 in chronic Chagas disease: Low serum levels associated with the risk of cardiac insufficiency
Authors: Lidani Kárita Cláudia Freitas , Andrade Fabiana Antunes , Beltrame Marcia Holsbach , Chakravarti Indira , Tizzot Maria Regina , Cavalcanti Edneia Oliveira , Sandri Thaisa Lucas , Luz Paola Rosa , Messias‐Reason Iara J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether FCN3 polymorphisms and circulating ficolin‐3 levels were associated with clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease (CD) and to assess their potential use as biomarkers for the disease or its severity.Methods and ResultsFCN3 polymorphisms (g.1637delC (rs532781899) in exon 5; g.3524_3532insTATTTGGCC (rs28362807) in intron 5 and g.4473C > A) (rs4494157) in intron 7) were determined in 178 chronic CD patients (65 asymptomatic, 68 cardiac, 21 digestive and 24 cardiodigestive), and 285 healthy controls by sequence‐specific PCR. Ficolin‐3 serum levels, measured by ELISA in 80 patients and 80 controls, did not differ between groups. On the other hand, ficolin‐3 levels were positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (P = .002; r = .5), with lower levels associated with increased risk of cardiac insufficiency (P = .033; OR 7.21, 95%IC 1.17‐44.4). Ficolin‐3 levels were positively correlated with ficolin‐2 (P = .021; r = .63), and negatively with MBL (P = .002; r = −.36) and pentraxin‐3 (P = .04; r = −.32) levels. No significant results were observed for the investigated FCN3 polymorphisms and CD. The g.1637del/1637C heterozygotes presented lower ficolin‐3 levels than g.1637C/1637C homozygotes in the control group (P = .023).ConclusionLow ficolin‐3 levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of cardiac insufficiency associated with CD.
Optimal Subsidy Schemes and Budget Allocations for Government‐Subsidized Trade‐in Programs
Authors: Bai Jiaru , Hu Shu , Gui Luyi , So Kut C. , Ma Zu‐Jun 
Published: March 2021

Applications of government subsidies to speed up consumer trade‐ins of used products can be commonly observed in practice. This study investigates the design of such trade‐in subsidy programs and aims to provide implementable insights for practice. In particular, we focus on two open problems in the literature, (i) how to optimally allocate the subsidy budget among the multiple products covered by the trade‐in program, and (ii) how to most effectively utilize the assigned budget to incentivize consumer trade‐ins for each product. We develop a three‐stage Stackelberg game model that captures the essence of the interaction between the government's subsidy decision, the manufacturer's trade‐in rebate decision, and the consumer's product replacement decision. We show that a sharing subsidy scheme under which the government subsidy is proportional to the manufacturer's rebate is more effective in encouraging consumer trade‐ins than fixed‐amount subsidies. Moreover, a product with a higher environmental impact, a larger market size, a longer lifespan, or a lower value to consumers typically demands a larger subsidy budget allocation. We further use our results to derive a simple proportional budget allocation rule that can provide robust and near‐optimal performance. We illustrate our results by a case study based on the “old‐for‐new" program in China that subsidizes home appliance trade‐ins. Our results indicate that policy makers should pay attention to the correlation between government subsidies and manufacturer's rebate as well as key product and market characteristics when designing a subsidy scheme for trade‐in programs.
Regulating for integration by behavioral design: An evidence‐based approach for culturally responsive regulation
Authors: Barak‐Corren Netta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDemocratic societies around the world face the challenge of strengthening social integration against a multitude of cultural and ethnic differences. Yet common regulations for integration – from cultural assimilation policies to general education programs – encounter objection, noncompliance, and even backlash among the very groups that the regulator strives to integrate into society. The article analyzes this challenge from a behavioral perspective, drawing on rich qualitative and experimental evidence in the context of the Israeli core curriculum regulation. The findings elucidate the joint role of identity threat and framing effects in spurring noncompliance and hindering the implementation of the regulation. I then design and test a behavioral intervention that is found to significantly increase support for the regulation, particularly among its strongest opponents. These results propose new paths to improve the regulation for integration and strengthen trust and cooperation in conflicted societies. More broadly, the project expands the framework of responsive regulation to address additional rule‐takers and motivations for noncompliance and advances the application of behavioral research to the design of regulation.
Geochemistry and mineralogy of the sebkha Oum El Khialate evaporites mixtures, southeastern Tunisia
Authors: Essefi Elhoucine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work is meant to study the variation of geochemistry and mineralogy of three salts recuperated from brines of the sebkha Oum El Khialate based on XRF, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Elemental analyses indicate enrichment with major element having an economic interest such as potassium. Compared to standards, minor elements analyses yield high concentrations of hazardous elements such as Cd and Cr, and represent a threat for human consumption. XRD and FTIR analyses display a variable mineralogy along the evaporation path including minerals that are specific for this sebkha, such as vaterite (CaCO3), potassium pentasulphate (K2S5O16), thenardite (Na2SO4), beryllium sulfate (BeSO4), brucite (Mg(OH)2), and mirabilite (Na2SO4·10 H2O). The geochemistry and mineralogy of recuperated salts prove the relevance of the sebkha Oum Khialete as a potential ore resource to be used in industry and agriculture.
Evaluation of riboflavin and ultraviolet light treatment against Klebsiella pneumoniae in whole blood‐derived platelets: A pilot study
Authors: Alabdullatif Meshari , Osman Imad Eldin , Alrasheed Mai , Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra , Alyousef Manal , Althawadi Sahar , Alhumiadan Hind 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) is the predominant cause of infectious transfusion reactions. The Pathogen Inactivation Mirasol system was implemented at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital (Saudi Arabia) to reduce the risk of transfusing contaminated PCs. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of Mirasol against Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogen associated with transfusion reactions, in whole blood‐derived PCs.Study Design and MethodsWhole blood (WB) units inoculated with one of six K. pneumoniae strains (five clinical isolates and ATCC‐700603) at a concentration of 3–38 CFU/unit, were processed using the platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) method. Each spiked PC was pooled with four unspiked units. The pooled PC was split into three Mirasol storage bags: an untreated unit (control), and two units treated with Mirasol at 26 and 32 h post‐WB collection, respectively. PC samples obtained before and after Mirasol treatment were used for BacT/ALERT cultures and determination of bacteria quantification. Each experiment was repeated three independent times.ResultsFive strains were detected prior to PC treatment (24 h post‐WB spiking), while one clinical isolate was not detected. Mirasol treatment after 26 h of WB collection resulted in complete inactivation of all K. pneumoniae strains. However, treatment 32 h post‐WB collection resulted in the breakthrough of one clinical isolate in two of the three replicates with ~7.8 log10 CFU/unit detected on day 5 of PC storage.ConclusionDelayed Mirasol treatment from 26 to 32 h post‐WB collection, resulted in one breakthrough. These results highlight the importance of minimizing the time between WB collection and PI treatment.
Ecological fitness cost associated with the AHAS Trp574Leu mutation in feral Raphanus sativus
Authors: Vercellino Roman B. , Hernández Fernando , Pandolfo Claudio E. , Cantamutto Miguel , Presotto Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGene mutations endowing herbicide resistance may have negative pleiotropic effects on plant fitness. Quantifying these effects is critical for predicting the evolution of herbicide resistance and developing management strategies for herbicide‐resistant weeds. This study reports the effects of the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) Trp574Leu mutation throughout the life cycle of feral radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Resistant and susceptible phenotypes responded differently to light and water treatments in relation to germination and emergence. Under light exposure, the resistant phenotype showed higher germination and emergence, but no differences were found in seed dormancy, germination in darkness and emergence from buried seeds or pods. The resistant phenotype showed delayed and reduced seedling emergence relative to the susceptible phenotype under rainfed conditions, but these differences between the phenotypes were not detected in irrigated soil. The phenotypes showed similar relative growth rates and vegetative biomass. However, under wheat competition, resistant plants had 36%–46% less total above‐ground biomass, 26%–47% less seeds per plant and 36%–53% less plant yield than susceptible ones, and these differences were more evident at higher plant density. This study provides a better understanding of the ecological fitness cost associated with the AHAS Trp574Leu mutation in feral R. sativus. The fitness costs could reduce the frequency of the resistant allele in areas untreated with AHAS‐inhibiting herbicides. Our results suggest that incorporating non‐AHAS herbicidal approaches into integrated weed‐management programmes and maintaining fence lines and fields margin as refuges of susceptible plants provides an opportunity to minimize or reverse herbicide resistance evolution.
A New Device for the Solution of Transient-Vibration Problems by the Method of Electrical-Mechanical Analogy
Authors: Criner H. E. , McCann G. D. , Warren C. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a new device, the mechanical-transients analyzer, for solving transient-vibration problems by the principle of electrical-mechanical analogy. Analogous electrical circuits are used to represent a mechanical system. For these, special low-loss electrical elements have been developed so that low-loss mechanical systems can be studied. The transient excitation functions, such as force, displacement, or velocity, are applied to the equivalent mechanical circuit as transient voltages or currents by means of special electrical circuits developed for the purpose. The various electrical-mechanical analogies that can be used for problems of this type are discussed, and it is shown that the principal factor determining the choice of analogy is the mechanical variable that it is desired to record. The use of the device is illustrated for several types of problems, including the ridability of vehicles, and the shaft torques developed in turbogenerators by electrical short-circuits. Many other problems involving transients in mechanical systems can be solved with this method.