bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hypoxia-related LncRNA Signature Predicts Survival of Primary Lower-grade glioma
Authors: Hu Yanjia , Zhang Jing , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Hypoxia-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play a role in multiple cancers and can serve as prognostic markers. Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are characterized by large heterogeneity.
Methods

This study aimed to construct a hypoxia-related lncRNA signature for predicting the prognosis of LGG patients. Transcriptome and clinical data of LGG patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). LGG cohort in TCGA was chosen as training set and LGG cohorts in CGGA served as validation sets. A prognostic signature consisting of fourteen hypoxia-related lncRNAs was constructed using univariate and LASSO Cox regression. A risk score formula involving the fourteen lncRNAs was developed to calculate the risk score and patients were classified into high- and low-risk groups based on cutoff. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the survival between two groups. Cox regression analysis was used to determine whether risk score was an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram was then constructed based on independent prognostic factors and assessed by C-index and calibration plot. Gene set enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed to uncover further mechanisms of this lncRNA signature.
Results

LGG patients with high risk had poorer prognosis than those with low risk in both training and validation sets. Recipient operating characteristic curves showed good performance of the prognostic signature. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression confirmed that the established lncRNA signature was an independent prognostic factor. C-index and calibration plots showed good predictive performance of nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that genes in the high-risk group were enriched in apoptosis, cell adhesion, pathways in cancer, hypoxia etc. Immune cells were higher in high-risk group.
Conclusion

The present study showed the value of the 14-lncRNA signature in predicting survival of LGGs and these 14 lncRNAs could be further investigated to reveal more mechanisms involved in gliomas.
Gender differences in perception of the appropriate maturity age for men and women: Age norms of reproduction-related life events between the social context and evolutionary foundations
Authors: Todosijević Bojan , Pavlović Zoran , Komar Olivera 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper explores gender differences in the perception of appropriate age for reproduction-related life events. Evolutionary theory suggests that age norms are shaped by gender-specific evolutionary challenges. We tested two hypotheses based on the evolutionary rationale. Hypothesis 1 suggests that both men and women believe that women should reach maturity and experience reproduction-related life events earlier than men. Hypothesis 2 claims that men and women demonstrate this tendency asymmetrically. When women estimate the appropriate/ideal age for men, they suggest a higher appropriate age for men than men themselves. When men estimate the appropriate/ideal age for women, they suggest a younger age for women compared to women themselves. In the second part of the paper, we explored the background of these claims by testing the alternative explanations based on ‘social forces’ (culture, socio-economic status, education, age, values). The hypotheses were tested using the 9th wave of the ESS data, totaling around 47 thousand respondents and the sample of Balkan countries was analyzed in more detail. The appropriate age was measured using ‘ideal age’ as the concept which reflects the optimal timing expectations for reproduction-related events: living with a partner, marriage, and parenthood. Respondents were also asked to make judgments about the appropriate age of becoming an adult for men and women. The overall results supported the outlined expectations based on the evolutionary approach. The results did not provide convincing evidence for the alternative, non-evolutionary interpretation of the identified patterns.
Thrombospondin1 Enhanced Neuronal Wnt7a and CNTF Expressions by TNFα Signaling Pathway
Authors: wang xuebao , Yu He , Chen Baihui , liu leping , Feng Shuya , ding saidan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Thrombospondin (TSP) is an astrocyte-secreted protein, well-known for its function as a modulator of synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. The mechanism underlying the effects of TSP1 on synaptic activity and formation involved in MHE pathogenesis remains unclear. Methods: The present study explored the effect of TSP1 on neurodegeneration, inflammatory response and the activation of Wnt7a/CNTF signaling in the primary rat neurons and an MHE rat model. Results: When we treated neurons with TSP1, p38MAPK phosphorylation and TNFα expression was increased significantly. Also, the exposure of TSP1 increased the expression and release of Wnt7a and CNTF, upregulated spinophilin, enhanced the interaction of Wnt7a/CNTF with spinophilin, and triggered synaptic activity through p38/TNFα signaling in PC12 cells and primary neurons. The hippocampal injection of TSP1 siRNA in mice decreased the interaction of Wnt7a/CNTF with spinophilin, while injection of Wnt7a and CNTF improved learning and memory dysfunctions. MHE brains showed decreased TSP1 expression. The overexpression of TSP1 in the hippocampus of MHE rats ameliorated the disrupted synaptogenesis, learning, and memory. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicated that TSP1 is a potential synaptic factor related to the inflammatory response and the activation of Wnt7a/CNTF signaling in MHE pathogenesis.
Effect of Residue Type on Extractable Organic and Microbial Biomass Carbon Fractions Under Long-Term Soil Fertilization
Authors: Xie Ninghui , Schaeffer Sean Michael , An Tingting , Xu Yingde , Li Shuangyi , Sun Liangjie , Wang Jingkuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The labile organic carbon (C) pool plays a vital role in soil biogeochemical transformation and can be used as a sensitive indicator of the response of soil quality to agricultural practice. However, little is known about how residue type and soil fertilization affect the incorporation of residue C into labile organic C pools. A 360-day laboratory incubation was conducted with the addition of 13C-labeled maize residues (root, stem and leaf) to unfertilized and organic-fertilized soils. A greater contribution of residue C to extractable organic C (EOC, 7.2%) was observed in the unfertilized soil than that in the organic-fertilized soil (6.0%). The contribution of residue C to microbial biomass C (MBC) was 20%-50% in the organic-fertilized soil, but only 10%-30% in the unfertilized soil. This suggests that, in organic-fertilized soil, there is accelerated transformation of residue C into microbial biomass and a higher capacity for residue C stabilization through greater, or more efficient anabolism. Moreover, the distribution of leaf C into MBC was higher than that from root and stem in the unfertilized soil, whereas more root C entered to EOC and MBC than from stem and leaf in the organic-fertilized soil. This shows that maize root can also be involved in microbial assimilation, but it depends on the initial soil nutrition. Overall, these findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of microbe-mediated C transformation processes, and provide relevant insights into the capture and incorporation of plant residue C into labile organic C pools driven by residue type and soil fertilization.
Cancer Derived Exosomes Induce Macrophages Immunosuppressive Polarization to Promote Bladder Cancer Progression
Authors: Jiang Ziming , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Yu , Jia Zhankui , Zhang Zhengguo , Yang Jinjian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Exosomes mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and other stromal cells including tumor associated macrophages (TAM) plays an essential role in reprogramming tumor microenvironment (TME) to facilitate tumor progression. However, the mechanism of tumor derived exosomes promotes bladder cancer progression have not been defined.Methods: Exosomes were extracted from bladder cancer cells MB49 conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. The effects of MB49-derived exosomes on macrophages polarization were analyzed by qPCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot. The immunosuppressive phenotype and function of MB49-derived exosomes stimulated macrophages were verified by tumor xenograft assays and T cell co-culture experiments. Exosomal miRNAs were analyzed by microarray to identify potential targets regulating macrophage polarization.Results: MB49-derived exosomes could be ingested by macrophages, consequently promoting macrophages immunosuppressive polarization. Mechanically, the MB49-derived exosomes induced macrophage M2 polarization was mediated by down-regulation of PTEN and activation of AKT/STAT3/6 signaling. Moreover, hindrance of the generation or secretion of exosomes by GW4869 inhibited macrophages differentiation into immunosuppressive phenotype and function, thereby suppressed tumor growth in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model.Conclusion: Our study confirmed the contribution of bladder cancer derived exosomes on the establishment of immunosuppressive TME and provided a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer treatment.
Rolling bearings fault diagnosis and classification based on optimal wavelet subband selection and deep neural network
Authors: Jha Rakesh Kumar , Swami Preety D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Time-frequency analysis plays a vital role in fault diagnosis of nonstationary vibration signals acquired from mechanical systems. However, the practical applications face the challenges of continuous variation in speed and load. Apart from this, the disturbances introduced by noise are inevitable. This paper aims to develop a robust method for fault identification in bearings under varying speed, load and noisy conditions. An Optimal Wavelet Subband Deep Neural Network (OWS-DNN) technique is proposed that automatically extracts features from an optimal wavelet subband selected on the basis of Shannon entropy. After denoising the optimal subband, the optimal subbands are dimensionally reduced by the encoder section of an autoencoder. The output of the encoder can be considered as data features. Finally, softmax classifier is employed to classify the encoder output. The vibration signals were recorded on a machinery fault simulator setup for various combinations of speed and load for healthy and faulty bearings. The signals were subjected to various noise levels and the deep neural network was trained. The achieved experimental results reveal high accuracy in fault classification as compared to other techniques under comparison.
Modeling and Simulation of Cancer Treatment Using Cold Atmospheric Plasma
Authors: Xu Minghao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) becomes a promising technology for the cancer cell treatment. There are many aspects affecting the effect of the treatment including plasma discharge voltages, CAP exposure time, cancer cell type and so on. In order to have a further understanding the cancer treatment using CAP jet, we proposed a mathematical model by using the least square method for the response of cancer cell line of U-87 MG with CAP jets treatment based on experimental data from reference. The comparison demonstrates that the mathematical model can capture the characteristics of the cancer cell viability in the experimental data. It means that we can use the same method to predict cancer cell response to CAP under a nominal condition. We also proposed the mathematic model using the Taylor expansion method according to the processed data to study the correlation between the cell viability, the treatment and the CAP exposure time.
A Lymph Node Classification-based cancer-specific Survival Predicting Model in Patients with Ampullary cancer: A Derivation and Validation Study
Authors: Zhao Jixiang , Zou Yunzhi , Huang Xin , Zhou Xiong , Zhou Xiaojiang , Song Conghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Current lymph node (LN) staging is controversial in predicting the survival of ampullary cancer (AC). We aimed to develop an alternative LN-classification-based nomogram to individualize AC prognosis.Methods: Using the data of patients diagnosed with AC between 2004 and 2015 from the SEER database, we determined the cut-off values for the number of LNs examined via the K-adaptive partitioning algorithm. A nomogram predicting the survival of AC patients was performed, internally and externally validated, and evaluated by calibration plot, C-index, and decision curve analysis (DCA), and was compared to the 7th TNM stage.Results: We included 2341 patients with detailed information. The optimal cut-off for examined LN number was 12, while the cut-off value for positive LNs was 0 and 4. The C-index for the nomogram was higher than that of the 7th TNM staging (internal: 0.686; 95% CI, 0.584-0.773 vs. 0.616; 95% CI, 0.533-0.754, P < 0.001; external: 0.713; 95% CI, 0.651-0.784 vs. 0.647; 95% CI, 0.551-0.719, P < 0.001). Additionally, the nomogram showed good agreement between internal and external validation. DCA analysis showed no matter in the internal cohort or external cohort; the nomogram showed a greater benefit across the period of follow-up than did the 7th TNM stage.Conclusion: We found that examined LNs that were more than 12 were beneficial for prognosis of patients. We also modified the current N staging into three groups based on number of metastatic LNs: N0, no LN metastasis; N1, 1–4 metastatic LNs; N2, >=5 metastatic LNs. A nomogram with greater benefit for predicting the survival of patients with AC than TNM staging was constructed.
Double Sequential External Synchronization for Hemodynamically Stable Patients with Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia Storm: A Case Report
Authors: Chien Yu-Ta , Huang Ting-Yun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) can progress to acute heart failure, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death. We introduced an alternative treatment for refractory hemodynamically stable VT storm, that is, double sequential external synchronization (DSES).Case presentation: We present a case report of a middle-aged Asian male diagnosed with refractory hemodynamically stable VT storm in which DSES successfully restored cardiac rhythm to normal sinus rhythm after several attempts of treatment with pharmacological agents and single-dose electrical cardioversion failed. The patient’s symptoms were relieved after termination of VT storm.Conclusion: This article provides a potential treatment option for hemodynamically VT that has poor response to conventional pharmacological and single electrical cardioversion.
Associations of genetic scores for birth weight with newborn size and later anthropometric traits and cardiometabolic risk markers in South Asians
Authors: Nongmaithem Suraj , Beaumont Robin , Dedaniya Akshay , Wood Andrew , Ogunkolade Babatunji , Hassan Zahid , Krishnaveni Ghattu , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Potdar Ramesh , Sahariah Sirajul , Krishna Murali , Gravio Chiara , Mali Inder , Sankareswaran Alagu , Hussain Akhtar , Bhowmik Biswajit , Khan AK Azad , Knight Bridget , Frayling Timothy , Finer Sarah , Fall Caroline , Yajnik Chittaranjan , Freathy Rachel , Hitman Graham , Chandak Giriraj 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We recently reported genetic variants associated with birth weight and their effect on future cardiometabolic risk in Europeans. Despite a higher burden of low birth weight and cardiometabolic disorders, such studies are lacking in South Asians. We generated fetal and maternal genetic scores (fGS and mGS) from 196 birth weight-associated variants identified in Europeans and conducted association analysis with various birth measures and serially measured anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits from seven Indian and Bangladeshi cohorts. Although fGS and mGS were comparable to Europeans, birth weight was substantially smaller suggesting strong environmental constraints on fetal growth in South Asians. Birth weight increased by 50.7g and 33.6g per standard deviation fGS (P=9.1x10-11) and mGS (P=0.003) in South Asians. The fGS was further associated with childhood body size and head circumference, fasting glucose, and triglycerides in adults (P<0.01). Our study supports a common genetic mechanism partly explaining associations between early development and later cardiometabolic health in different populations, despite phenotypic and environmental differences.
Effects of Varying Alx Moles on the Structure and Luminescence Properties of ZnAlxO1.5x + 1:0.1% Tb3+ Nano Phosphor Prepared using Citrate sol-gel Method
Authors: Maphiri V , Melato L , Mhlongo  , Hlatshwayo TT , Motaung TE , Koao LF , Motloung Setumo Victor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Un-doped and ZnAlxO(1.5x + 1):0.1% Tb3+ (ZAOT) nano-powders were synthesized via citrate sol-gel method. The Alx moles were varied in the range of 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 5.0. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data revealed that for the x < 1.5, the prepared samples crystal structure consists of mixed phases of the cubic ZnAl2O4 and hexagonal ZnO phases, while for the x ≥ 1.5 the structure consists of single phase of cubic ZnAl2O4. This was confirmed by the Raman and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) vibrational spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that varying Alx moles influences the morphology while Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows the dual morphology at x < 1.5. The photoluminescence (PL) revealed intense and distinct emissions attributed to both the host and Tb3+ transitions. The emission intensity highly depends on the Alx moles. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) colour chromaticity showed that the emission colour could be tuned by varying the Alx moles.
Differences in Peripheral Neuropathy in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Groups A and D
Authors: Lehky Tanya , Sackstein Paul E. , Tamura Deborah , Quezado Martha , Wu Tianxia , Khan Sikandar G , Patronas Nicholas J , Wiggs Edythe , Brewer Carmen C , DiGiovanna John J , Kraemer Kenneth H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDXeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with defective DNA nucleotide excision repair and associated with a high frequency of skin cancer. Approximately 25% of patients develop progressive neurological degeneration. Complementation groups XP-A and XP-D are most frequently associated with neurological disorders. METHODSThis is a retrospective review of patients with XP who were evaluated at NIH from 1986 to 2015 and had nerve conduction studies (NCS). Audiological, brain imaging, neuropsychological assessments were also performed on most of the patients. Limited neuropathology of XP-A and XP-D patients were compared. RESULTSThe 33 patients had NCS: XP-A (9 patients), XP-C (7 patients), XP-D (10 patients), XP-E (1 patient), XP-V (4 patients), and XP-unknown (2 patients). Peripheral neuropathy was documented only in two complementation groups: 78% (7/9) of XP-A patients had a sensorimotor neuropathy while 50% (5/10) of XP-D patients had a sensory neuropathy only. The severity of the neuropathy correlated with hearing loss. CONCLUSIONSDespite similar brain imaging and audiological findings patients, XP-A and XP-D complementation groups differ in the type of neuropathy, sensorimotor versus sensory alone. A few cases suggest that sensorineural hearing loss and absent deep tendon reflexes may precede abnormal NCS in XP and therefore serve as valuable clinical indicators of XP patients that will later develop peripheral neuropathy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Patients were evaluated under clinical protocols, NCT00001813 and NCT00046189, approved by the NIH Institutional Review Boards.
Paired-end small RNA sequencing reveals a possible overestimation in the isomiR sequence repertoire previously reported from conventional single read data analysis
Authors: Sanchez-Herrero Jose Francisco , Pluvinet Raquel , Haro Antonio Luna-de , Sumoy Lauro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Next generation sequencing has allowed the discovery of miRNA isoforms, termed isomirs. Some isomirs are derived from imprecise processing of pre-miRNA precursors, leading to length variants. Additional variability is introduced by non-templated addition of bases at the ends or editing of internal bases, resulting in base differences relative to the template DNA sequence. We hypothesized that some component of the isomir variation reported so far could be due to systematic technical noise and not real.
Results

We have developed the XICRA pipeline to analyze small RNA sequencing data at the isomir level. We exploited its ability to use single or merged reads to compare isomir results derived from paired-end (PE) reads with those from single reads (SR) to address whether detectable sequence differences relative to canonical miRNAs found in isomirs are true biological variations or the result of errors in sequencing. We have detected non-negligible systematic differences between SR and PE data which primarily affect putative internally edited isomirs, and at a much smaller frequency terminal length changing isomirs. This is relevant for the identification of true isomirs in small RNA sequencing datasets.
Conclusions

We conclude that potential artifacts derived from sequencing errors and/or data processing could result in an overestimation of abundance and diversity of miRNA isoforms. Efforts in annotating the isomirnome should take this into account.
Desulphurization of commercial diesel fuel using carbon-based metal oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Cherubala Bienvenu Rusumba , Kabuba John , Rutto Limo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a slight on desulphurization process of the commercial diesel fuel using the carbon-based metal oxide nanocomposites such as graphene oxide, ZnO, rGO as a nano-adsorbent, activated carbon (PAC and AC) and charcoal Granular active carbon (GAC) to produce a fuel of less than 10 ppm sulphur content. The synthesised of sorbents were achieved using incipient impregnation, microwaved-assisted and chemical exfoliation methods. The materials were characterized using Thermogrametric Analyzer (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET). The examination effect of operating conditions on the adsorption capacity with DBT and Sulphur compounds adsorption, the isotherms and the adsorption kinetic models were evaluated. The experimental data for PAC and AC were well suited to Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models. The results shown that the sulphur feed concentration, the space velocity and the functional groups of the adsorbents have a considerable effect on the adsorption. In addition, it was observed that the temperature in the range of 30 to 80oC has a significant effect on the adsorption of Sulphur compounds from diesel fuel using 20 wt% of sorbents. The rGO substrate which contained abundant oxygen functional groups was confirmed to promote the dispersion metal oxide and increased the adsorption efficiency of sulphur compounds (H2S and SO2) by providing oxygen ions weakly bound to the sulphur molecules. For the desulfurization process by adsorption, PAC and AC exhibited a better affinity for 80% removal of sulphur compared to the GAC and GO.