bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and decay of intersystem crossing receiver triplet state in terthiophene and quaterthiophene
Authors: R. S. Lekshmi , Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExperimental triplet quantum yields of terthiophene and quaterthiophene are investigated based on the combined analysis of computed energetics, spin‐orbit coupling constants, and quantum dynamics simulations. We discuss the triplet state generation via the S1‐T3 intersystem crossing pathway. Initial Franck–Condon conditions are employed while performing the wavepacket dynamics in the triplet manifold. The wavepacket evolving on T3 state exhibits a similar electronic population decay profile in both molecules. Finally, we illustrate how the triplet quantum yield quantity depends on the two processes: the triplet state formation and its decay.
Induced magnetic states upon electron–hole injection at B and N sites of hexagonal boron nitride bilayer: A density functional theory study
Authors: Chettri B. , Patra P. K. , Lalmuanchhana  , Lalhriatzuala  , Verma Swati , Rao B. Keshav , Verma Mohan L. , Thakur Vishal , Kumar Narender , Hieu Nguyen N. , Rai D. P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe have reported the electronic, magnetic and optical properties of carbon doped bilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) using thedensity functional theory. A single C‐doping at B/N sites gives the large band gap similar to dilute magnetic semiconducting behaviour with a finite net magnetic moment of 1.001 and 0.998μB, respectively. For double doping at B/N sites the net magnetic moment increases to 1.998 and 1.824μB, respectively. Upon C‐doping at N‐site, we obtained transition from non‐magnetic semiconductor (pristine) → magnetic semiconductor (1C) → half‐metal ferromagnetic (2C) → metal (3C). In case of the B site, we observed metallic behaviour for 2C‐doping. As 1,2 C‐doping at the B site reduces the energy band gap from 1.8 eV to 0.81 eV, falls in the visible range and offers an opportunity to utilized as a photocatalyst material. C‐doped systems show a magnetic semiconducting behavior crucial for spintronic applications.
Estimating Coherence Measures with Untrusted Devices
Authors: Zhang Xingjian , Liu Yunchao , Yuan Xiao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe superposition of quantum states, quantified by coherence, is a fundamental feature to distinguish quantum mechanics from classical theories. Estimations of coherence with perfectly characterised devices have been well‐studied. However, imperfections or malfunctions of realistic measurement devices might nullify the characterization. Device‐independent (DI) tests allow to witness and quantify the quantum feature of a system, such as entanglement, without trusting the implementation devices. Although DI test is a powerful tool in many quantum information tasks, it generally requires nonlocal settings. Little is known if single party coherence can be witnessed and estimated via untrusted devices. In this work, coherence witnesses and estimations with untrusted devices are systematically studied. First, a no‐go theorem for detecting existences of single party coherence via a DI or semi DI means is proven. A general prepare‐and‐measure semi DI scheme for witnessing and estimating the amount of coherence is then proposed. How to estimate the relative entropy and the l1 norm of single party coherence with analytical and numerical approaches is shown. As coherence is an essential resource for tasks such as quantum random number generation and quantum key distribution, it is expected that this result may shed light on designing new quantum cryptographic schemes.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome presenting as cystic lung disease with recurrent pneumothorax: a case report
Authors: Kim Min Jee , Choe Jooae , Lee Beom Hee , Song Jin Woo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 19‐year‐old male patient was referred to our hospital for recurrent pneumothorax. He previously experienced seven episodes of pneumothorax refractory to conventional treatment including pleurodesis and wedge resection. On admission, chest computed tomography scan showed multiple cystic lesions with surrounding ground‐glass opacities and several nodules in both lungs. Detailed history revealed that the patient experienced haemoptysis whenever pneumothorax developed and had a family history of sudden death. Physical examination showed large eyes with conjunctival injection, hypermobile joints, and hyper‐extensive and easily bruised skin. All these findings led to the suspicion of vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). Genetic testing for the diagnosis of vascular EDS was performed and a heterozygous mutation in COL3A1 gene, c.1662+1G>A (IVS23(+1) G>A), was confirmed. Clinicians should consider vascular EDS as the differential diagnosis of cystic lung disease with recurrent pneumothorax.
Carbonaceous Hosts for Sulfur Cathode in Alkali‐Metal/S (Alkali Metal = Lithium, Sodium, Potassium) Batteries
Authors: Wu Can , Lai Wei‐Hong , Cai Xiaolan , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlkali‐metal/sulfur batteries hold great promise for offering relatively high energy density compared to conventional lithium‐ion batteries. By providing viable sulfur composites that can be effectively used, carbonaceous hosts as a key component play critical roles in overcoming the preliminary challenges associated with the insulating sulfur and its relatively soluble polysulfides. Herein, a comprehensive overview and recent progress on carbonaceous hosts for advanced next‐generation alkali‐metal/sulfur batteries are presented. In order to encapsulate the highly active sulfur mass and fully limit polysulfide dissolution, strategies for tailoring the design and synthesis of carbonaceous hosts are summarized in this work. The sticking points that remain for sulfur cathodes in current alkali‐metal/sulfur systems and the future remedies that can be provided by carbonaceous hosts are also indicated, which can lead to long cycling lifetimes and highly reversible capacities under repeated sulfur reduction reactions in alkali‐metal/sulfur during cycling.
Alloyed BiSb Nanoparticles Confined in Tremella‐Like Carbon Microspheres for Ultralong‐Life Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Chuyun , Xu Anding , Li Guilan , Sun Hao , Wu Songping , Xu Zhiguang , Yan Yurong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBismuth–antimony alloy is considered as a promising potassium ion battery anode because of its combination of the high theoretical capacity of antimony and the excellent rate capacity of bismuth. However, the large volume change and sluggish reaction kinetic upon cycling have triggered severe capacity fading and poor rate performance. Herein, a nanoconfined BiSb in tremella‐like carbon microspheres (BiSb@TCS) are delicately designed to address these issues. As‐prepared BiSb@TCS renders an outstanding potassium‐storage performance with a reversible capacity of 181 mAh g−1 after ultralong 5700 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1, and an excellent rate capacity of 119.3 mAh g−1 at 6 A g−1. Such a superior performance can be ascribed to the delicate microstructure. The self‐assembled carbon microspheres can strengthen integral structure and effectively accommodate the volume expansion of BiSb nanoparticles, and 2D carbon nanowalls in carbon microspheres can provide fast ion/electron diffusion dynamic. Theoretical calculation also suggests a thermodynamic feasibility of alloyed BiSb nanoparticles for storing potassium ion. Such a work shows that BiSb@TCS possesses a great potential to be a high‐performance anode of potassium ion batteries. The rational designing of multiscaled structure would be instructive to the exploitation of other energy‐storage materials.
Surface Potential Regulation Realizing Stable Sodium/Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Interface for Room‐Temperature Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Jin Haibo , Zhao Yongjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInorganic Na3Zr2Si2PO12 is prospective with a high ionic conductivity but suffers large interfacial resistance and stability issues against sodium metal, hindering its practical application in all‐solid‐state sodium batteries. A surface potential regulation strategy is adopted to address these issues. Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) ceramic with homogeneously‐sintered surface is synthesized by a simple two‐step sintering method to promote its uniform surface potential, which is favorable for mitigating the potential fluctuations at the interface against Na metal and enhancing interfacial compatibility. The Na/NZSP interface can be stabilized for over 4 months with a low interfacial resistance of 129 Ω cm2 at 25 °C. The symmetrical Na/NZSP/Na cell exhibits ultra‐stable sodium platting/stripping cycling for over 1000 cycles under 0.1 mA cm−2. Superior interfacial performance is well retained even under 0.2 mA cm−2 at room temperature. The robust interface is further signified by its excellence under higher current densities of up to 0.85 mA cm−2 at 60 °C. A 4 V all‐solid‐state Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3/NZSP/Na metal battery is demonstrated at ambient conditions, which exhibits superior rate capability and delivers a high reversible capacity of 103 mA h g−1 under 100 mA g−1 for over 400 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of over 99%.
Tacit collusion and price dispersion in the presence of Southwest Airlines
Authors: Kim Donggeun , Kim Myongjin , Tan Kerry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the impact of tacit collusion on price dispersion in the U.S. airline industry. We find that tacit collusion driven by multimarket contact has a positive effect on prices, but a negative effect on price dispersion. Our empirical results suggest that airfares throughout the price distribution increases, yet the price distribution becomes more compressed since 10th percentile airfares increase by a larger amount than 90th percentile airfares. Moreover, we also find that this pricing phenomenon does not exist if Southwest Airlines is present on the route. Thus, route‐level price competition is softened when the same airlines directly compete more frequently, except when Southwest Airlines services that route. As such, our empirical analysis provides evidence that the presence of Southwest Airlines exhibits an anti‐collusive effect.
A new species of the Cambrian bivalved euarthropod Pectocaris with axially differentiated enditic armatures
Authors: Jin Changfei , Mai Huijuan , Chen Hong , Liu Yu , Hou Xianguang , Wen Ruilin , Zhai Dayou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough first described in 1999, the early Cambrian Pectocaris remains a poorly known euarthropod genus. Two species, Pectocaris eurypetala and P. spatiosa, have been described from the Chengjiang biota. Here, we report a third species, Pectocaris inopinata sp. nov., which bears a pair of stalked eyes attached to an anterior sclerite, a pair of short but stout antennae, 29–35 cephalothoracic segments each corresponding to a pair of biramous appendages, 11–12 limbless segments carrying two rows of ventral spines and one row of dorsal spines, and a pair of broad telson flukes decorated with short marginal spines. Most strikingly, the endopods of anterior trunk appendages are each axially differentiated with two rows of setulose endites proximally and claw‐like paired spines distally, in contrast to the endopods of posterior trunk appendages that carry two rows of setulose endites but lack claw‐like paired spines. Phylogenetic analysis shows that P. inopinata, the other two Pectocaris species, together with their close relative Jugatacaris agilis belong to the same monophyletic clade. Our study reveals considerable differences in appendicular details and therefore presumably niche differentiation among Pectocaris and Jugatacaris species, as well as some other bivalved euarthropods in the Cambrian with similar overall appearances.
Effects of ɑβ+ω1,2‐Gliadin and ω5‐Gliadin on Retrogradation of Wheat Amylose/Amylopectin
Authors: Yang Lu , Wen Yan , Wang Danli , Lian Xijun , Guo Junjie , Zhao Zheng , Deng Jiajin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo gliadin components of ɑβ+ω1,2‐gliadin and ω5‐gliadin are isolated and their addition on retrogradation of wheat amylose and amylopectin are investigated by solid 13C NMR, IR, X‐ray diffraction, DSC and DC. The addition of ɑβ+ω1,2‐gliadin greatly enhanced the 72‐h retrogradation rate of wheat amylopectin from 5.74% to 10.43%. Two gliadins has no apparent influence on the retrogradation rate of wheat amylose. Dynamics of starch retrogradation indicated that nucleation exponent of wheat amylopectin increased greatly upon the addition of ɑβ+ω1,2‐gliadin component. The typical V‐type crystal (2θ° 7.7°, 13.2°, 20.1°) of wheat amylopectin and αβ+ω1,2‐gliadin component is present in retrograded wheat amylopectin, which indicated the direct way for using gliadin to promote wheat starch retrogradation. The DSC and DC results indicated that easy nucleation has been enforced by interaction of wheat amylopectin and αβ+ω1,2‐gliadin, and conformation conversion of β‐sheet into α‐helix and β‐turn occurred during retrogradation. The mechanism for the effects of αβ+ω1,2‐gliadin on the enhancement of wheat amylopectin retrogradation is deduced. The findings in the paper suggested a new way to increase starch retrogradation rate via interaction of amylopectin and αβ+ω1,2‐gliadin. Such a complex is found to be potentially a new kind of resistant starch with high quality.
Hesperidin protects against the chlorpyrifos‐induced chronic hepato‐renal toxicity in rats associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and up‐regulation of PARP‐1/VEGF
Authors: Küçükler Sefa , Çomaklı Selim , Özdemir Selçuk , Çağlayan Cüneyt , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of hesperidin (HSP) on oxidants/antioxidants status, inflammation, apoptotic, and autophagic activity in hepato‐renal toxicity induced by chronic chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure in rats. We used a total of 35 male albino rats in five groups of seven: control, HSP 100, CPF, CPF + HSP50, and CPF + HSP100. After rats were sacrificed, blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, and urea were tested. Then, contents of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) were measured to detect the level of oxidative stress in rat liver and renal tissues. We measured inflammatory and autophagy markers of chlorpyrifos induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney tissues including TNF‐α, iNOS, IL‐1 β, COX‐2, NF‐κB, MAPK14, and Beclin‐1 using ELISA. Histopathological findings were also examined followed by immunohistochemical determination of 8‐OHdG expression. Real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) was used to examine Cas‐3, Bax, Bcl‐2, PARP‐1, and VEGF, which are associated with apoptosis, autophagy, DNA, and endothelial damage, respectively. In addition, PARP‐1 activity was supported by western blot and immunofluorescence, VEGF activity was supported by western blot methods. Treatment with HSP reduced the effect of CPF on ALT, AST, ALP, and total proteins, and increased its effect on tissue antioxidants. PARP/VEGF, apoptotic, pro‐apoptotic, anti‐apoptotic, and autophagic gene expressions were regulated, and Caspase‐3 and Bax expressions were decreased; Bcl‐2 expression increased in both the liver and kidney samples, and positivity of 8‐OHdG and PARP‐1 were reduced in the CPF plus HSP‐treated group. Overall, the study demonstrates that HSP may reduce the effects of hepato‐renal toxicity caused by CPF by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and PARP/VEGF genes at biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels.
Reimagining Sex Work Venues: Occupational Health, Safety, and Rights in Indoor Workplaces
Authors: West Brooke S. ,   Liz Hilton and Empower Thailand, Montgomery Anne M. , Ebben Allison R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe setting in which sex workers live and work is a critical element shaping health outcomes, in so far that different venues afford different sets of risk and protective factors. Understanding how contextual factors differ across venue types and influence health outcomes is thus essential to developing and supporting programmes promoting the rights and safety of people in sex work. In this chapter, we focus primarily on indoor workplaces, with the goals of: (1) elucidating unique social, economic, physical, and policy factors that influence the well-being of sex workers in indoor workplaces; (2) highlighting sex worker-led efforts in the Thai context through a case study of the organisation Empower Thailand; (3) describing best practices for indoor settings; and (4) developing a framework of key factors that must be addressed to improve the rights and safety of sex workers in indoor workplaces, and to support their efforts to organise. The chapter draws attention to convergences and divergences in key challenges that sex workers encounter in indoor venues in different global contexts, as well as opportunities to advance comprehensive occupational health and safety programmes. Indoor venues pose important potential for establishing and implementing occupational health and safety standards in sex work and also may provide substantial opportunity for collective organising given the close proximity of people working together. However, any efforts to improve the health and safety of sex workers must explicitly address the structural conditions that lead to power imbalances and which undermine sex worker agency and equality.
Towards the Gravituhedron: new expressions for NMHV gravity amplitudes
Authors: Trnka Jaroslav 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present new expressions for n-point NMHV tree-level gravity amplitudes. We introduce a method of factorization diagrams which is a simple graphical representation of R-invariants in Yang-Mills theory. We define the gravity analogues which we call $$ \mathcal{G} $$
G
-invariants, and expand the NMHV gravity amplitudes in terms of these objects. We provide explicit formulas of NMHV gravity amplitudes up to eight points in terms of $$ \mathcal{G} $$
G
-invariants, and give the general definition for any number of points. We discuss the connection to BCFW representation, special behavior under large momentum shift, the role of momentum twistors and the intricate web of spurious poles cancelation. Because of the close connection between R-invariants and the (tree-level) Amplituhedron for Yang-Mills amplitudes, we speculate that the new expansion for gravity amplitudes should correspond to the triangulation of the putative Gravituhedron geometry.
Quantum corrections to slow-roll inflation: scalar and tensor modes
Authors: Andersen Jens O. , Eriksson Magdalena , Tranberg Anders 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Inflation is often described through the dynamics of a scalar field, slow-rolling in a suitable potential. Ultimately, this inflaton must be identified with the expectation value of a quantum field, evolving in a quantum effective potential. The shape of this potential is determined by the underlying tree-level potential, dressed by quantum corrections from the scalar field itself and the metric perturbations. Following [1], we compute the effective scalar field equations and the corrected Friedmann equations to quadratic order in both scalar field, scalar metric and tensor perturbations. We identify the quantum corrections from different sources at leading order in slow-roll, and estimate their magnitude in benchmark models of inflation. We comment on the implications of non-minimal coupling to gravity in this context.
Moduli space of J-holomorphic subvarieties
Authors: Zhang Weiyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the moduli space ofJ-holomorphic subvarieties in a 4-dimensional symplectic manifold. For an arbitrary tamed almost complex structure, we show that the moduli space of a sphere class is formed by a family of linear system structures as in algebraic geometry. Among the applications, we show various uniqueness results ofJ-holomorphic subvarieties,e.g.for the fiber and exceptional classes in irrational ruled surfaces. On the other hand, non-uniqueness and other exotic phenomena of subvarieties in complex rational surfaces are explored. In particular, connected subvarieties in an exceptional class with higher genus components are constructed. The moduli space of tori is also discussed, and leads to an extension of the elliptic curve theory.
A critical analysis of the representations of older adults in the field of human–robot interaction
Authors: Burema Dafna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that there is a need to critically assess bias in the representations of older adults in the field of Human–Robot Interaction. This need stems from the recognition that technology development is a socially constructed process that has the potential to reinforce problematic understandings of older adults. Based on a qualitative content analysis of 96 academic publications, this paper indicates that older adults are represented as; frail by default, independent by effort; silent and technologically illiterate; burdensome; and problematic for society. Within these documents, few counternarratives are present that do not take such essentialist representations. In these texts, the goal of social robots in elder care is to “enable” older adults to “better” themselves. The older body is seen as “fixable” with social robots, reinforcing an ageist and neoliberal narrative: older adults are reduced to potential care receivers in ways that shift care responsibilities away from the welfare state onto the individual.
Should my robot know what's best for me? Human–robot interaction between user experience and ethical design
Authors: Fronemann Nora , Pollmann Kathrin , Loh Wulf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo integrate social robots in real-life contexts, it is crucial that they are accepted by the users. Acceptance is not only related to the functionality of the robot but also strongly depends on how the user experiences the interaction. Established design principles from usability and user experience research can be applied to the realm of human–robot interaction, to design robot behavior for the comfort and well-being of the user. Focusing the design on these aspects alone, however, comes with certain ethical challenges, especially regarding the user’s privacy and autonomy. Based on an example scenario of human–robot interaction in elder care, this paper discusses how established design principles can be used in social robotic design. It then juxtaposes these with ethical considerations such as privacy and user autonomy. Combining user experience and ethical perspectives, we propose adjustments to the original design principles and canvass our own design recommendations for a positive and ethically acceptable social human–robot interaction design. In doing so, we show that positive user experience and ethical design may be sometimes at odds, but can be reconciled in many cases, if designers are willing to adjust and amend time-tested design principles.
On the unirationality of moduli spaces of pointed curves
Authors: Keneshlou Hanieh , Tanturri Fabio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe show that$$\mathcal {M}_{g,n}$$Mg,n, the moduli space of smooth curves of genusgtogether withnmarked points, is unirational for$$g=12$$g=12and$$2 \le n\le 4$$2≤n≤4and for$$g=13$$g=13and$$1 \le n \le 3$$1≤n≤3, by constructing suitable dominant families of projective curves in$$\mathbb {P}^1 \times \mathbb {P}^2$$P1×P2and$$\mathbb {P}^3$$P3respectively. We also exhibit several new unirationality results for moduli spaces of smooth curves of genusgtogether withnunordered points, establishing their unirationality for$$g=11, n=7$$g=11,n=7and$$g=12, n =5,6$$g=12,n=5,6.