bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Organisational Characteristics of Staff and Facility on Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Care Homes: a Systematic Review
Authors: Liljas Ann , Morath Lenke , Burström Bo , Schön Pär , Agerholm Janne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Infectious disease outbreaks are common in care homes, often with substantial impact on the rates of infection and mortality of the residents, who primarily are older people vulnerable to infections. There is growing evidence that organisational characteristics of staff and facility might play a role in infection outbreaks however such evidence have not previously been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this systematic review aims to examine the impact of facility and staff characteristics on the risk of infectious disease outbreaks in care homes.Methods: Five databases were searched. Studies considered for inclusion were of any design reporting on an outbreak of any infectious disease in one or more care homes providing care for primarily older people with original data on: facility size, facility location (urban/rural), facility design, use of temporary hired staff, staff compartmentalizing, residence of staff, and/or nursing aides hours per resident. Retrieved studies were screened, assessed for quality, and analysed employing a narrative synthesis.Results: Sixteen studies (8 cohort studies, 6 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control) were included from the search which generated 10,424 unique records. COVID-19 was the most commonly reported cause of outbreak (n=11). The other studies focused on influenza, respiratory and gastrointestinal outbreaks. Most studies reported on the impact of facility size (n=11) followed by facility design (n=4), use of temporary hired staff (n=3), facility location (n=2), staff compartmentalizing (n=2), nurse aides hours (n=2) and residence of staff (n=1). Findings suggest that urban location and larger facility size may be associated with greater risks of an infectious outbreak. Additionally, the risk of a larger outbreak seems lower in larger facilities. Whilst staff compartmentalizing may be associated with lower risk of an outbreak, staff residing in highly infected areas may be associated with greater risk of outbreak. The influence of facility design, use of temporary staff, and nurse aides hours remains unclear.Conclusions: This systematic review suggests that larger facilities have greater risks of infectious outbreaks, yet the risk of a larger outbreak seems lower in larger facilities. Due to lack of robust findings the impact of facility and staff characteristics on infectious outbreaks remain largely unknown.PROSPERO: CRD42020213585
Magnitude of Common Mental Disorder and Factors Associated Among People Living in Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2018: Community Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Habtamu Yodit , Admasu Kalikidan , Tullu Mikiyas , Kebede Alem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Common mental disorders are a group of distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive and unexplained somatic symptoms, affecting individuals in different age groups, causes suffering to the individuals, families and community.Objective: This study assessed the magnitude of Common mental disorder and associated factors among people living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was conducted from November 1 to 30, 2018 among people living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was used to get a total of 755 samples. Common Mental Disorder was assessed through interview using Self-Reported questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were coded, entered into EPI-Info 7 and analysed by using SPPS version 20. Descriptive, analytical statistical procedure; bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was accepted at p value < 0.05. Result: In this study a total of 723 study subjects were participated, with response rate of 95.7%.The prevalence of common mental disorders was 24.7% with [95%CI; 21.6 – 27.7]. Females (AOR=2.1; 95% CI; 1.39- 3.23), Divorced/widowed (AOR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.16- 5.59), daily labourers (AOR=2.52; 95% CI; 1.3- 4.88, chronic medical illness (AOR=4.5; 95% CI; 2.46- 8.24). are independent predictors of CMD and educational status (primary, secondary and diploma)was positively associated with CMD. in this study. Regarding education (primary, secondary and diploma) (AOR=0.34; 95% CI; 0.17-0.66)and (AOR=0.35; 95% CI; 0.19-0.67) has positively associated with common mental disorders.Conclusion: The prevalence of common mental disorders was found high. Female sex, marital status like Divorced/Widowed, daily labour workers and chronic medical illness were found to be independent predictors of CMD and educational status (primary, secondary school and diploma holders) was were found to be protective factors
Hour-1 Bundle Adherence Was Associated With Reduction of In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients With Sepsis In Japan
Authors: Umemura Yutaka , Abe Toshikazu , Ogura Hiroshi , Fujishima Seitato , Kushimoto Shigeki , Shiraishi Atsushi , Saitoh Daizoh , Mayumi Toshihiko , Otomo Yasuhiro , Hifumi Toru , Hagiwara Akiyoshi , Takuma Kiyotsugu , Yamakawa Kazuma , Shiino Yasukazu , Nakada Taka-aki , Tarui Takehiko , Okamoto Kohji , Kotani Joji , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Sasaki Junichi , Shiraishi Shin-ichiro , Tsuruta Ryosuke , Masuno Tomohiko , Takeyama Naoshi , Yamashita Norio , Ikeda Hiroto , Ueyama Masashi , Gando Satoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The updated Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend a 1-hour window for completion of a sepsis care bundle, however, the effectiveness of the hour-1 bundle has not been fully evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of hour-1 bundle completion on clinical outcomes in sepsis patients.Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, observational study conducted in 17 intensive care units in tertiary hospitals in Japan. We included all adult patients who were diagnosed as having sepsis by Sepsis-3 and admitted to the ICUs from July 2019 to August 2020. Impacts of hour-1 bundle adherence and delay of adherence on risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality were estimated by multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: The final study cohort included 178 patients with sepsis. Among them, 89 received bundle-adherent care. Completion rates of each component (measure lactate level; obtain blood cultures; administer broad-spectrum antibiotics; administer crystalloid, apply vasopressors) within 1 hour were 98.9%, 86.2%, 51.1%, 94.9%, and 69.1%, respectively. Completion rate of all components within 1 hour was 50.3%. In-hospital mortality was 18.0% in patients with and 30.3% in patients without bundle-adherent care (p=0.054) Adjusted odds ratio of non-bundle-adherent versus bundle-adherent care for in-hospital mortality was 2.32 (95% CI 1.09–4.95) using propensity score. Non-adherence to obtaining blood cultures and administering broad-spectrum antibiotics within 1 hour were related to in-hospital mortality (2.65 [95% CI 1.25–5.62] and 4.81 [95% CI 1.38–16.72], respectively). Adjusted odds ratio for 1-hour delay in achieving hour-1 bundle components for in-hospital mortality was 1.28 (95% CI 1.04–1.57) by logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: Completion of the hour-1 bundle was associated with lower in-hospital mortality. Obtaining blood cultures and administering antibiotics within 1 hour may have been the components most contributing to decreased in-hospital mortality.
Thermal Study of a Cladding Layer of Inconel 625 in Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Process Using a Phase-Field Model
Authors: Darabi Roya , Ferreira André , Azinpour Erfan , de Sa Jose Cesar , Reis Ana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In an effort to simulate the involved thermal physical effects that occur in direct energy deposition (DED) a thermodynamically-consistent of phase-field method is developed. Two state parameters, characterizing phase change and consolidation, are used to allocate the proper material properties to each phase. The numerical transient solution is obtained via a finite element analysis. A set of experiments for single tracks scanning were carried out to provide dimensional data of the deposited cladding lines. By relying on a regression analytical formulation to establish the link between process parameters and geometries of deposited layers from experiments, an activation of passive elements in the finite element discretization is considered. The single-track cladding of Inconel 625 powder on tempered steel 42CrMo4 was printed with different power, scanning speed and feed-rate to assess their effect on the morphology of the melt pool and the solidification cooling rate. The predicted dimensions of melt pools were compared with experiments reported in the literature. In addition, this research correlated the used process parameter in the modelling of localized transient thermal with solidification parameters, namely, the thermal gradient (G) and the solidification rate (R).
PEA-15 Engages in Allosteric Interactions Using a Common Scaffold in a Phosphorylation-Dependent Manner
Authors: Ikedife Joyce , He Jianlin , Wei Yufeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 kDa (PEA-15) is a death-effector domain (DED) containing protein involved in regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase and apoptosis pathways. In this molecular-dynamics study, we examined how phosphorylation of the PEA-15 C-terminal tail Ser-104 and Ser-116 allosterically promotes conformational changes of the DED, and alters the binding specificity from extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) to Fas associated death domain (FADD) protein. We found that the binding interfaces between the unphosphorylated PEA-15 and ERK2 and the doubly phosphorylated PEA-15 and FADD are similarly composed of a scaffold that includes both the DED and the C-terminal tail of PEA-15. While the unphosphorylated serine residues do not directly interact with ERK2, the phosphorylated Ser-116 engages in strong interactions with arginine residues on FADD DED. In this DED complex, FADD repositions its death domain (DD) relative to the DED, which has strong implications on the association of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC).
Clinical Characteristics, Health Care Resource Utilization and Direct Medical Costs of Rotavirus Hospitalizations in Spain (2013-2018)
Authors: Arístegui J. , Alfayate-Miguelez S. , Carazo-Gallego B. , Garrote E. , Díaz-Munilla L. , Mendizabal M. , Doménech E. , Ferrer-Lorente B. , Unsaín-Mancisidor M. , Ramos-Amador J. T. , Illán-Ramos M. , Croche-Santander B. , Malfaz F. Centeno , Rodríguez-Suárez J. , Cotarelo M. , San-Martín M. , Méndez-Hernández M. , Ruiz-Contreras J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis (GE) in infants and young children worldwide and is associated with a significant clinical and economic burden. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics, healthcare resource utilization and the direct medical costs related to RVGE hospitalizations.Methods: An observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to May 2018 at the pediatric departments of 12 hospitals from different Spanish regions. Children under 5 years of age admitted to the hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of RVGE were selected. Data on clinical characteristics, healthcare resource use and costs were collected from patient records and hospital databases.Results: Most children hospitalized for RVGE did not have any previous medical condition or chronic disease. Forty-seven percent had previously visited the ER, 27% had visited a primary care pediatrician, and 15% had received pharmacological treatment prior to hospital admission due to an RVGE episode. The average length of a hospital stay for RVGE was 5.6 days, and the mean medical costs of RVGE hospitalizations per episode ranged from 3,940€ to 4,100€. The highest direct medical cost was due to the hospital stay.Conclusion: This study shows a high burden of health resource utilization and costs related to the management of cases of RVGE requiring hospitalization. RV vaccination with high coverage rates should be considered to minimize the clinical and economic impacts of this disease on the health care system.
Maize Disease Recognition Based On Image Enhancement And OSCRNet
Authors: Zhang Hongji , Guoxiong Zhou , Chen Aibin , Li Jiayong , Li Mingxuan , Zhang Wenzhuo , Hu Yahui , Yu Wentao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Under natural light irradiation, there are significant challenges in the identification of maize leaf diseases because of the difficulties in extracting lesion features from constantly changing environments, uneven illumination reflection of the incident light source and many other factors.Results: In the present paper, a novel maize image recognition method was proposed. Firstly, an image enhancement framework of the maize leaf was designed, and a multi-scale image enhancement algorithm with color restoration was established to enhance the characteristics of the maize leaf in a complex environment and to solve the problems of high noise and blur of maize images. Subsequently, an OSCRNet maize leaf recognition network model based on the traditional ResNet backbone architecture was designed. In the OSCRNet maize leaf recognition network model, an octave convolution with characteristics to accelerate network training was adopted, reducing unnecessary redundant spatial information in the maize leaf images. Additionally, a self-calibrated convolution with multi-scale features was employed to realize the interactions of different feature information in the maize leaf images, enhance feature extraction, and solve the problems of similarity of maize disease features and easy learning disorders. Concurrently, batch normalization was employed to prevent network overfitting and enhance the robustness of the model. The experiment was conducted on the maize leaf image data set. The highest identification accuracy of rust, grey leaf disease, northern fusarium wilt, and healthy maize was 94.67%, 92.34%, 89.31% and 96.63%, respectively. Conclusions: The aforementioned methods were beneficial in solving the problems of slow efficiency, low accuracy and image recognition training, and also outperformed other comparison models. The present method demonstrates strong robustness for maize disease images collected in the natural environment, providing a reference for the intelligent diagnosis of other plant leaf diseases.
The Influence of Timing of Coronary Angiography on Acute Kidney Injury in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Janssens Gladys Nathalia , Daemen Joost , Lemkes Jorrit S. , Spoormans Eva M. , Janssen Dieuwertje , Uil Corstiaan A. den , Jewbali Lucia S.D. , Heestermans Ton A.C.M. , Umans Victor A.W.M. , Halfwerk Frank R. , Beishuizen Albertus , Nas Joris , Bonnes Judith , de Ven Peter M. van , Rossum Albert C. van , Elbers Paul W.G. , Royen Niels van 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in cardiac arrest survivors and associated with adverse outcome. It remains unclear whether the incidence of AKI increases after the post-cardiac arrest administration of contrast for coronary angiography and whether this depends on timing of contrast administration. Aim of this study was to investigate whether early angiography is associated with increased development of AKI compared to deferred angiography in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors.Methods: In this retrospective multicenter cohort study we investigated whether early angiography (within 2 h) after OHCA was non-inferior to delayed/no angiography regarding the development of AKI. We used an absolute difference of 5% as the non-inferiority margin. Primary non-inferiority analysis was done by calculating the risk difference with its 90% confidence interval (CI) using a generalized linear model for a binary outcome and the identity link-function. As a sensitivity analysis we repeated the primary analysis using propensity score matching.Results: A total of 2151 patients were included in the study from 2009 until 2018, of which 1062 patients were treated with early coronary angiography and 1089 patients with delayed or no angiography. The proportion that developed AKI after OHCA was 17.8% in the early angiography group and 21.5% in the deferred angiography group. Risk difference was -3.7% with 90% CI ranging from -6.7% to -0.7%, indicating non-inferiority of early angiography at the prespecified margin of 5%. As sensitivity analysis we repeated the primary analysis using propensity score matching, which accordingly showed non-inferiority of early angiography. A multivariable model was built to identify predictors of acute kidney injury. The factors time to return of spontaneous circulation (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.15, p<0.001) and baseline creatinine (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07, p<0.001) were found to be independently associated with the development of AKI.Conclusions: Although AKI occurred in approximately 20% of OHCA patients, we found that early angiography had an equal AKI incidence as a delayed or no angiography strategy. The present results implicate that it is safe to perform early coronary angiography with respect to the risk of developing AKI after OHCA.
The second wave of COVID-19 in South and Southeast Asia and vaccination effects
Authors: Song Haitao , Fan Guihong , Liu Yuan , Wang Xueying , He Daihai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background By February 2021, the overall impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South and Southeast Asia had been relatively mild. Surprisingly, the second wave in early April 2021 in this region becomes devastating and attracts worldwide attention. Methods We focus on the nine countries with the highest accumulative deaths due to the disease by July 30, 2021. We study the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 in South and Southeast Asia using the reported death data and fit into a mathematical model with time varying transmission rate. Results We estimated the transmission rate, the infection fatality rate, and the infection attack rate, the effects of vaccination in the nine countries in South and Southeast Asia. Our study suggests that the infection attack rate is still low in most of the countries and vaccination is needed to prevent further waves. Conclusion The implementation of the non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) could have helped South and Southeast Asia to keep the COVID-19 under control in 2020 as reflected in our estimated low transmission rate. Factors like the emergence of the new Delta variant, social unrest, and migrant workers could have been the trigger of the second wave of COVID-19. Trial registration. NA
Circulating Tumor Cells In Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Versus Without Cryosurgery For Metastatic Prostate Cancer: : A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sheng Mingxiong , Guo Shanming , Liu Chunxiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to assess the value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a prognostic and treatment response marker in patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus cryosurgery vs. ADT alone for metastatic prostate cancer (mPCA).Methods: This retrospective analysis included 43 patients with mPCA: 23 receiving ADT alone (control) and 20 receiving additional cryosurgery (cryosurgery group).CTCs and progression-free survival(PFS) were compared between the two groups. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to identify variables associated with PFS.Results: Median PFS was 35 months (IQR: 33-37) in the cryosurgery group vs. 30 months (IQR: 27-32) in the control (p<0.001). CTCs count was significantly lower in the cryosurgery group at both 3 months (z=2.170, p=0.030) and 12 months (z=2.481; p=0.013). In comparison to the baseline, the number of CTCs at both 3 and 12 months was lower in the cryosurgery group (p=0.004 and p<0.001, respectively), but not in the ADT alone group. In multivariate Cox regression, shorter PFS was associated with baseline PSA ≧100 ng/ml (HR 6.584, 95%CI: 5.309-8.166), biopsy Gleason score≧8 (HR 2.064, 95%CI: 1.608-2.650), clinic T stage＞T2b (HR 5.021, 95%CI: 3.925-6.421), number of bone metastases＞3 (HR 3.421, 95%CI: 2.786-4.202), positive CTCs at 3 months post-treatment (HR 6.833, 95%CI: 5.176-9.022), positive CTCs 1 year post-treatment (HR 6.051, 95%CI: 4.347-8.424). Prostate cryosurgery was associated with longer PFS(HR 0.062, 95%CI: 0.048-.080). Conclusions: CTC was a prognostic and treatment response marker for mPCA. ADT plus cryosurgery could reduce CTCs and prolong PFS vs. ADT alone in mPCA patients with low metastatic volume.
Associations of COVID-19 risk perception, eHealth literacy, and protective behaviors among Chinese college students following vaccination: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qin Ning , Shi Shuangjiao , Ma Guiyue , Li Xiao , Duan Yinglong , Shen Zhiying , Luo Aijing , Zhong Zhuqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background： In spite of strict regulation of COVID-19 preventative measures and containment in China, there are still confirmed cases sporadically occuring in many cities. College students are at a high risk of being infected, especially with the approach of vacation; thus, identifying the status and related factors of protective behaviors among them after receiving vaccination will be crucial for epidemic control. This study aimed to gather information on the protective behaviors and to identify the associations of COVID-19 risk perception, eHealth literacy and protective behaviors for Chinese college students following vaccinationMethods: A cross-sectional survey of college students who engaged in protective behaviors post vaccination was conducted using the COVID-19 risk perception scale and eHealth literacy scale in one of the groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to confirm the correlation between COVID-19 risk perception, eHealth literacy and protective behaviors for Chinese college students.Results: A total of 5641 Chinese college students were included. Male students comprised 59.01% with an average age of (21.39±2.75) years and most students rating their health as very good (44.85%) or pretty good (46.98%). A smaller percentage (13.76%) believed that they would likely or most likely be infected with COVID-19 after getting vaccinated. In addition, more than 1 in 10 (10.35%) college students had ever suspected to suffer from post-vaccination reactions following the COVID-19 vaccination. The mean score of protective behaviors was (26.06±3.97) at the middle level. Approximately one-third (30.42%) of the students always or often did not wear a mask when going out. Some college students (29.25%) did not keep at least 1 meter away from others in social situations. Older female college students who were in good health and perceived as being at a low risk of getting infected with COVID-19 did not expect to engage in post-vaccination protective measures. Those with a higher level of perceived risk, severe risk perception and eHealth literacy and a lower level of unknown risk perception were more likely to engage in further protective behaviors after getting vaccinated.Conclusions: Overall, the level of protective behaviors among Chinese college students following vaccination could use improvement, especially for male, younger college students in poor health. This study revealed the predictive effects of risk perception and eHealth literacy on protective behaviors, recommending that the negative and positive effects of risk perception should be balanced in epidemic risk management, and eHealth literacy promotion should also be emphasized for public health and social measures.