bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of modified fluorouracil/leucovorin plus irinotecan and oxaliplatin (mFOLFIRINOX) compared with S‐1 as second‐line chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ikezawa Kenji , Kiyota Ryosuke , Takada Ryoji , Daiku Kazuma , Maeda Shingo , Imai Toshihiro , Abe Yutaro , Kai Yugo , Yamai Takuo , Fukutake Nobuyasu , Nakabori Tasuku , Ashida Reiko , Uehara Hiroyuki , Tabuchi Takahiro , Katayama Kazuhiro , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe optimal standard second‐line chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of modified fluorouracil/leucovorin plus irinotecan and oxaliplatin (mFOLFIRINOX) compared with oral fluoropyrimidine S‐1 as a second‐line chemotherapy in patients with MPC.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 76 consecutive patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent mFOLFIRINOX or S‐1 treatment as a second‐line chemotherapy after gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel (GnP) failure at our department between December 2014 and February 2019.ResultsPatients who underwent mFOLFIRINOX treatment exhibited significantly better objective response rates (ORRs) and progression‐free survival (PFS) than S‐1 (ORR, 20.0% vs 0%, P = 0.003; PFS, 3.7 vs 2.1 months, P = 0.010). Although baseline patient characteristics of age, performance status, and serum albumin levels differed significantly between the two groups, mFOLFIRINOX was identified as an independent factor of favorable PFS on multivariate analyses. Grade 3–4 neutropenia and peripheral sensory neuropathy occurred more frequently in the mFOLFIRINOX group. The median overall survival from the initiation of second‐line chemotherapy was not significantly longer in the mFOLFIRINOX group than in the S1 group (8.5 vs 5.8 months, respectively; P = 0.213); however, the 8‐month survival rate was significantly higher in the mFOLFIRINOX group (56.0% vs 27.5%, respectively; P = 0.030).ConclusionsmFOLFIRINOX as a second‐line regimen contributed to favorable treatment outcomes, but induced more frequent adverse events than S‐1. On multivariate analyses, mFOLFIRINOX was identified as an independent factor with favorable PFS, suggesting that mFOLFIRINOX could be a promising treatment option for patients with GnP failure.
Effect of information about mandarin internal maturity on consumer hedonic and sensory expectations: a cross‐cultural study in Spain and Mexico
Authors: Tarancón Paula , Pintor‐Jardines Aurora , Escalona‐Buendía Héctor B , Besada Cristina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnder certain climate conditions, citrus fruit may reach optimum internal maturity while the rind is still green. It is therefore customary to enhance skin colour changes by submitting early citrus varieties to ethylene degreening treatment, which implies a cost and may result in external disorders. In this study, the effect on consumer expectations (sensory and hedonic) of providing them with information about the internal maturity of non‐degreened mandarins (greenish‐coloured rind) was evaluated.RESULTSMandarins with three different external colour indices (CI), CI = −6, CI = +1 and CI = +5, and three ways of conveying information, were investigated: (i) No information (NoInfo), (ii) The text ‘Mandarins ready to eat’ (Text) and (iii) Text + Visualisation of mandarin flesh (orange‐coloured in all cases) (Text+Flesh). Consumer expected liking, purchase intention and sensory expectations were markedly affected after receiving the different information types. The greatest effect was detected when Text+Flesh information was provided. Rind mandarin colour was also a determinant factor of how consumer expectations were modified by the received information. Moreover, our results revealed some differences among Spanish and Mexican consumers, since maturity information had a stronger effect on hedonic expectations of Mexican consumers.CONCLUSIONSWhen mandarins reach CI = +5 (pale orange‐coloured rind with small areas still green), letting consumers know that mandarins are ready to eat by means of Text+Flesh information may be a non‐cost strategy to avoid degreening treatment or to shorten its length. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Categorizing metadata to help mobilize computable biomedical knowledge
Authors: Alper Brian S. , Flynn Allen , Bray Bruce E. , Conte Marisa L. , Eldredge Christina , Gold Sigfried , Greenes Robert A. , Haug Peter , Jacoby Kim , Koru Gunes , McClay James , Sainvil Marc L. , Sottara Davide , Tuttle Mark , Visweswaran Shyam , Yurk Robin Ann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionComputable biomedical knowledge artifacts (CBKs) are digital objects conveying biomedical knowledge in machine‐interpretable structures. As more CBKs are produced and their complexity increases, the value obtained from sharing CBKs grows. Mobilizing CBKs and sharing them widely can only be achieved if the CBKs are findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable, and trustable (FAIR+T). To help mobilize CBKs, we describe our efforts to outline metadata categories to make CBKs FAIR+T.MethodsWe examined the literature regarding metadata with the potential to make digital artifacts FAIR+T. We also examined metadata available online today for actual CBKs of 12 different types. With iterative refinement, we came to a consensus on key categories of metadata that, when taken together, can make CBKs FAIR+T. We use subject‐predicate‐object triples to more clearly differentiate metadata categories.ResultsWe defined 13 categories of CBK metadata most relevant to making CBKs FAIR+T. Eleven of these categories (type, domain, purpose, identification, location, CBK‐to‐CBK relationships, technical, authorization and rights management, provenance, evidential basis, and evidence from use metadata) are evident today where CBKs are stored online. Two additional categories (preservation and integrity metadata) were not evident in our examples. We provide a research agenda to guide further study and development of these and other metadata categories.ConclusionA wide variety of metadata elements in various categories is needed to make CBKs FAIR+T. More work is needed to develop a common framework for CBK metadata that can make CBKs FAIR+T for all stakeholders.
The Influence of Polysaccharides‐Based Material on Macrophage Phenotypes
Authors: Li Zhuqing , Bratlie Kaitlin M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMacrophage polarization is a key factor in determining the success of implanted tissue engineering scaffolds. Polysaccharides (derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms) are known to modulate macrophage phenotypes by recognizing cell membrane receptors. Numerous studies have developed polysaccharide‐based materials into functional biomaterial substrates for tissue regeneration and pharmaceutical application due to their immunostimulatory activities and anti‐inflammatory response. They are used as hydrogel substrates, surface coatings, and drug delivery carriers. In addition to their innate immunological functions, the newly endowed physical and chemical properties, including substrate modulus, pore size/porosity, surface binding chemistry, and the mole ratio of polysaccharides in hybrid materials may regulate macrophage phenotypes more precisely. Growing evidence indicates that the sulfation pattern of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans expressed on polarized macrophages leads to the changes in protein binding, which may alter macrophage phenotype and influence the immune response. A comprehensive understanding of how different types of polysaccharide‐based materials alter macrophage phenotypic changes can be beneficial to predict transplantation/implantation outcomes. This review focuses on recent advances in promoting wound healing and balancing macrophage phenotypes using polysaccharide‐based substrates/coatings and new directions to address the limitations in the current understanding of macrophage responses to polysaccharides.
Establishment of resilience in a challenging recovery at home after pediatric tonsil surgery—Children’s and caregivers’ perspectives
Authors: Alm Fredrik , Lööf Gunilla , Blomberg Karin , Ericsson Elisabeth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore children's and caregivers’ experiences and management of postoperative recovery at home after tonsil surgery. The study had an explorative qualitative design with an inductive approach. Twenty children (5‐12 years of age) undergoing tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy with or without adenoidectomy participated along with their caregivers in semi‐structured interviews at a mean time of 28 days after surgery. The interviews were analyzed with content analysis. One main category emerged from the interviews: children and caregivers struggle to establish resilience in a challenging recovery. The families’ resilience relied on their situational awareness and capacity to act, which in turn formed a basis for the ability to return to normal daily life. Children and caregivers described the recovery as an evident interruption of daily life which had an impact on the children's physical and psychological well‐being. Both children and caregivers described the pain as a central concern. The families used different pharmacological and complementary strategies to manage the pain, which in some cases were complex. Some families said that the analgesics were insufficient in preventing breakthrough pain, and spoke about a lack of support as well as inadequate and contradictory information from healthcare staff. Caregivers also expressed uncertainty, ambivalence, or anxiety about the responsibility associated with their child's recovery. To optimize and support the recovery after tonsil surgery, it is crucial to obtain knowledge of children's and caregivers’ perspectives of postoperative recovery at home. The results indicate that the postoperative period included several troublesome experiences for which neither the children nor the caregivers were informed or prepared. The experience of pain was significant, and often complex to manage. To increase families’ resilience, the information provided by healthcare professionals needs to be broadened. Multidisciplinary teamwork is necessary to achieve this goal.
Zoonotic potential of Newcastle disease virus: Old and novel perspectives related to public health
Authors: Ul‐Rahman Aziz , Ishaq Hafiz Muhammad , Raza Muhammad Asif , Shabbir Muhammad Zubair 
Published: May 2021

SummaryNewcastle disease virus (NDV) has a worldwide distribution, causing lethal infection in a wide range of avian species. Affected birds develop respiratory, digestive and neurologic symptoms with profound immunosuppression. Mild systemic Newcastle disease (ND) infection restricted to the respiratory and neurological systems can be observed in humans and other non‐avian hosts. Evidence of ND infection and its genome‐based detection have been reported in Bovidae (cattle and sheep), Mustelidae (mink), Cercetidae (hamster), Muridae (mice), Leporidae (rabbit), Camelidae (camel), Suidae (pig), Cercophithecidae (monkeys) and Hominidae (humans). Owing to frequent ND outbreaks in poultry workers, individuals engaged in the veterinary field, including poultry production or evisceration and vaccine production units have constantly been at a much higher risk than the general population. A lethal form of infection has been described in immunocompromised humans and non‐avian species including mink, pig and cattle demonstrating the capability of NDV to cross species barriers. Therefore, contact with infectious material and/or affected birds can pose a risk of zoonosis and raise public health concerns. The broad and expanding host range of NDV and its maintenance within non‐avian species hampers disease control, particularly in disease‐endemic settings.
Quantification of the Electrophilic Reactivities of Benzotriazoles and Structure‐Reactivity Relationships
Authors: Rammah Mehdi , Mahdhaoui Faouzi , Gabsi Wahiba , Boubaker Taoufik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of the coupling of 2‐N‐(4′‐X‐pheny1)‐4,6‐dinitrobenzotriazole 1‐oxides 1 a–d (X=OMe, H, Br and CN) with nitroalkyl anions 2 a–c have been investigated in aqueous solution at 20 °C. Using the derived second‐order rate constants and this series of nucleophiles 2 a–c as reference, the electrophilicity parameters E of the four electrophiles 1 a–d have been determined according to the linear free enthalpy relationship log k (20 °C)=sN (E+N). With the electrophilicity parameters E range from −9.72 to −11.78, the substituent effects on the electrophilic reactivity was examined quantitatively, leading to linear correlation of E with Hammett substituent constants (σ). Based on this correlation, the unknown electrophilicity parameters E of other 2‐N‐(4′‐X‐pheny1)‐4,6‐dinitrobenzotriazole 1‐oxides (X=CF3, Me and OH) were evaluated. Excellent linear correlation (r2=0.9962) between the electrophilicity parameters E of benzotriazoles 1 a–d and their pKa values for σ‐complexation has also been observed and discussed.
Enantioselective Dearomative [3+2] Annulation of 3‐Hydroxymaleimides with Azonaphthalenes
Authors: Zhang Jiayan , Liu Min , Huang Min , Li Wenzhe , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChiral indolines represent important structural motifs in a large number of natural products and pharmaceutics. Chiral succinimideunits are also found in a wide range of natural products and pharmaceutical substances. Herein we report an enantioselective dearomative [3+2] annulation of 3‐hydroxymaleimides with azonaphthalenes using a chiral squaramide‐tertiary amine as catalyst. The reactions afforded a large variety of novel succinimide fused indolines in moderate to good yields (up to 99 %) with generally good enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee). The absolute configuration of one product was assigned by an X‐ray crystal structural analysis and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed accordingly. Afterwards, under different conditions, one product was treated with triethylsilane and provided two kinds of reductive products in moderate to good yields with good enantioselectivities.
Biotransformation of oleochemical industry by‐products to polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastic using microbial fermentation: A review
Authors: Kakar Rozina , Amelia Tan Suet May , Teng Chin Chee , Bhubalan Kesaven , Amirul Al‐Ashraf Abdullah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor many decades, global efforts have been attempted to replace the petrochemical plastics with biodegradable and environment friendly plastics. The petrochemical plastics that require many years to decompose have profound consequences on the environment. A natural, biodegradable, and plastic‐like polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), has been extracted from and synthesized by microbes, particularly bacteria. However, the prospective large‐scale production of PHA faced an economic bottleneck for less production costs. Research has thus shifted to one of the most common alternatives, which is the utilization of less costly raw materials or carbon sources that include industrial by‐products and wastes, such as glycerine pitch and glycerol. This review elucidates the discovery, basic mechanisms, and applications of PHA, as well as provides insights regarding the importance of PHA conversion from glycerine pitch and glycerol. This review also summarizes some possible future modifications to improve the efficiency of glycerine pitch and glycerol as carbon sources in PHA production. The conversion endeavors of wastes to a valuable product, PHA, that not only reduces petrochemical plastic pollution, waste generation, and PHA production costs but also supports economic and resource sustainability, which ultimately further progress towards the cradle‐to‐cradle design and circular bioeconomy concept.
The use of dexmedetomidine during pulmonic balloon valvuloplasty in dogs
Authors: Martin‐Flores Manuel , Moy‐Trigilio Karen E. , Campoy Luis , Araos Joaquin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground: Information regarding the anaesthetic management for pulmonic balloon valvuloplasty (PBV) in dogs is scarce. We present data from dogs receiving dexmedetomidine combined with inhalational anaesthesia during PBV.Methods: Anaesthetic records from dogs receiving dexmedetomidine (n = 11) and a control group (n = 29) anaesthetised for PBV between 2012 and 2020 were analysed. Intraoperative variables potentially affected by dexmedetomidine administration were compared between groups.Results: Demographic characteristic and anaesthetic agents administered were similar between groups. The incidence of hypotension (mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mm Hg) was 25% for dexmedetomidine and 29% for control (p = 0.8); however, dexmedetomidine group received vasopressors for a shorter time (p = 0.02). The incidence of bradycardia was 100% and 96% for dexmedetomidine and control (p = 0.5), but antimuscarinic agents were administered more frequently to the latter (p = 0.014).Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine may be a useful adjuvant to general anaesthesia during PBV in dogs and reduced the use of vasopressors and antimuscarinics.
Introduction
Authors: Van Praag Lore 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis book aims to demonstrate the complex interplay between environmental change and the development of migration aspirations and trajectories in the Moroccan context. Its objective is to show how environmental changes have resulted in the development of migration aspirations and have caused people to migrate over the last decades and, at an accelerating speed, continue to do so. Migration has been of all times and spaces, and people have migrated, both voluntarily and involuntarily, for environmental, economic, political, humanitarian, social, and cultural reasons (Castles et al. 2014). However, recently, environmental changes seem to have put other migration reasons increasingly under pressure (Massey 1990; Massey et al. 1998; Bates 2002; Carling 2002, 2014; De Haas 2010a, b; McLeman and Gemenne 2018b). More particularly, the increasing rate and altering nature of environmental changes add urgency to already existing factors encouraging migration (Evans 2009; TGOFS 2011; IPCC 2014) and even trigger new migratory movements (Gemenne and Blocher 2016).
Environmental Change and Migration in Morocco: What Has Been Done So Far?
Authors: Van Praag Lore , Ou-Salah Loubna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBefore we delve further into the relationship between migration and environmental change, it is important to gain more insight into the migration history of Moroccans going abroad and the specific environmental changes faced by people in Morocco. Therefore, in the first part of this chapter, we outline the history of Moroccan migration to Europe in general and to Belgium in particular. Morocco provides an interesting case of study with regard to environmental migration, as in the second half of the twentieth century, Morocco evolved into one of the world’s leading emigration countries. Moroccan migration is one of the unexpected outcomes in which colonial migration, labour migration, family reunification, and, most recently, undocumented migration combine. Hence, there is a high degree of internal differentiation and dynamics within the migrant population of Morocco (De Haas 2007).
How Environmental Change Relates to the Development of Adaptation Strategies and Migration Aspirations
Authors: Van Praag Lore 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe focus on perceived environmental changes and risks is a necessary precondition before people’s vulnerabilities and abilities to migrate can be taken into account (Adam 2005). This approach contrasts with previous research on environmental migration that has mainly focused on the vulnerabilities of people towards environmental changes. This vulnerability approach is, for instance, widely used in reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2014) and refers to the potential loss or harm one encounters or could encounter when facing environmental changes. This vulnerability is assumed to depend on the nature of the physical risks one could be exposed to and inherent sensitivity one has. The latter refers, for instance, to the type of economic activities of a community. For example, communities that rely heavily on agricultural activities are more sensitive to water scarcity and suffer more from drought, than other communities. It is within this framework that migration is often seen as a potential adaptation strategy to deal with environmental changes (Smit and Wandel 2006; Gemenne 2010). However, this framework hardly considers people’s own perceived vulnerabilities or risks or resilience towards environmental change. Hence, this vulnerability approach diminishes the agency of the actors involved and their active role in the development of migration aspirations and trajectories related to environmental changes and risks. Furthermore, as already stated by McLeman et al. (2016), the use of this framework of adaptation and the focus on the use of vulnerability may not encompass all drivers of environmental migration. This could certainly apply to the Moroccan context in which environmental changes mostly occur gradually and are to a lesser extent immediately visible to the human eye.
Migration, Urbanity and Cosmopolitanism in a Globalized World: An Introduction
Authors: Lejeune Catherine , Pagès-El Karoui Delphine , Schmoll Camille , Thiollet Hélène 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobalization and migration have generated acute and often contradictory changes: they have increased social diversity while inducing global homogenization; they have sharpened differentiation of spaces and statuses while accelerating and amplifying communication and circulations; they have induced more complex social stratification while enriching individual and collective identities. These changes happen to be strikingly visible in cities. Urban contexts, indeed, offer privileged sites of inquiry to understanding the social dynamics of globalization, informal belonging and local citizenships, transient and multi-layered identities, symbolic orders and exclusionary practices. But cities are also material sites and they create multisensorial scapes that shape experiences of globalization and social change. They operate through multiple scales, connecting horizontal extensions and vertical layers of the city with generic, landmark, interstitial and neglected places. Far from being mere contexts, cities are both changing and being changed by migration and globalization.
From Creeping to Full-Blown Crisis: Lessons from the Dutch and Swedish Response to Covid-19
Authors: Engström Alina , Luesink Marte , Boin Arjen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOn the last day of 2019, China alerted the World Health Organization to a cluster of mysterious pneumonia cases. A new coronavirus (Covid-19) was discovered. Within three months after the alert, Europe had become the epicenter of a global pandemic. Even though the virus spread easily and quickly within communities, it took its time to travel from China to northern Europe. Nevertheless, many governments were slow to respond to the emerging threat. This chapter analyzes the initial phase of the Covid-19 crisis in Sweden and the Netherlands, focusing on the relationship between experts and decision-makers. The chapter discusses four factors that may help explain why the Swedish and Dutch governments were slow in their response. The governments assumed an epidemic like the one in China would not happen in their country, the experts followed international scientific guidelines, citizens were expected to defy limitations on their freedoms, and both experts and decision-makers were confident with regard to the level of preparedness. Lessons are formulated for further analysis and future preparations.