bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Inclusionary Othering in Public Health
Authors: Akbulut N , Razum O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Inclusionary Othering has been established in public health literature, in addition to Exclusionary Othering. The concept of Inclusionary Othering was introduced by Mary Canales (2000, 2001, 2010). She developed this term in her doctoral thesis (1998), in which she dealt with the topic of Othering in the context of nursing care. Her conceptualization of Othering focuses primarily on approaches of Symbolic Interactionism. In particular, the theory of role-taking coined by George H. Mead (1962) plays an essential role in the rise of the notion of an ‘inclusive' potential of Othering. Theoretical approaches applied to conceptualize Inclusionary Othering, such as Goffman's stigmatization theory and Mead's theory of role-taking, have been explored in their explanatory power on Othering. Following this, in the context of which Othering emerged, the postcolonial theory was used to discuss whether Othering can have an ‘inclusive' impact in the context of public health. The Symbolic Interactionist approaches analyzed do not use the term Othering. Goffman's stigmatization approach is well suited to explain attribution processes that reduce the Other to a status of deviance. Stereotypical attributions are a necessary component of Othering. Mead's role theory, however, neglects the power asymmetry between the Other and the Non-Other. Accordingly, the hegemonic status of the Non-Other and the structural privileges he or she has remained untouched in the process of role-taking. Moreover, the approach focuses on an interactional level and does not consider the historical, discursive, and structural levels significant for Othering processes in health care settings. Othering already creates exclusion in the construction of Others and therefore cannot have any inclusive effects. In dealing with the consequences of Othering in health care, it is recommended to refer less to inclusion and, instead, to deconstructivist approaches such as critical whiteness.
The importance of personal attitude toward Health issues: the Covid 19 Vaccination attitude
Authors: Carbone AM , Mea C , Califano M , Califano R , Magri P , Iervolino A , Pacilio M , Scamardo MS , Buonomo B , Egidio R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The project realize an idea from students of Scientific High school involved in a multidisciplinary path focused on “ONE HEALTH” approach and “ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION” After skill buildings webinars the students decided to build a survey in order to
Raise awareness about how any individual behavior Underline the importance of information, even scientific, in order to take appropriate choices. Build confidence in the effectiveness of the vaccination interventions against COVID 19

The project has been done by the students on the basis of multimedia digital tools, exploiting some IT tools like Google forms, PPTs, Spreadsheet, Excel. Students carried out an online survey addressed to a sample of the adult population among students' friends. Observational questionnaire asked the participants their sharing about some issues or the ticking of one or more options from a list of default answers. The survey involved a sample of people between 500 and 1000 units from April 15th to May 30th 2021.After the collection, all the data have been processed through tables and graphs according to the following macro-themes:
Boundaries against vaccines Use of personal protective equipment The most feared pandemic risks and their environmental implications
The outcome of the survey mainly highlights the population ‘attitude to get vaccine together with the awareness of the necessity of herd immunity achievement, to overcome this pandemic. Students stand point is that personal attitude toward prevention and personal behavior may have impact either on health or into environmental goals.
Towards a Population Health Information Research Infrastructure
Authors: Bogaert P , Schutte N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Issue/Problem
Bringing Real World Evidence (RWE) and scientific consensus to the attention of policymakers is key in underpinning and supporting health policy decision making. Now more than ever, generating information on health and well-being of European populations as impacted by COVID-19 requires the full capacity of the European research community to generate evidence for better health system preparedness. Nevertheless, the necessary type of research input is not structurally and sufficiently available within the European research landscape.

Description of the problem
COVID-19 has clearly shown that a structured European mechanism to organize and share accurate information between countries is urgently needed, especially in the area of population health, to inform decision-makers, researchers and the public.

Results
The Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) offers a European mechanism for structured exchanges of population health data and information useful also in current and future epidemics or crises. The project improves population health information research at EU level, with services and tools necessary for researchers to find and access population health information data sources and to use Pan-European data for generating RWE, including an online Health Information Portal and the implementation of distributed analytical solutions to produce research outputs in a GDPR compliant, federated way. Finally, by means of EU-wide capacity building, PHIRI tackles health information inequalities.

Lessons
The support of exchange of knowledge and expertise across Europe is a key for driving the decision-making process, and facilitated by a European Health Information portal for COVID-19 embracing a federated infrastructure that overcomes data reuse and data sharing hindrances. This allows for a rapid and relevant policy response and analysis of knowledge gaps, while ensuring FAIR and ELSI principles.
The use of Real-World Data (RWD) by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies
Authors: Karen K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Issue
There are divergent views between HTA bodies and pharmaceutical industry on the potential for RWD to inform determination of added benefit or value for money of new medicines. However, exploration of use of RWD is now essential as more high-cost innovative therapies come to market with short-term uncontrolled trials.

Description of problem
Payers are increasingly seeing use of RWD to fill evidence gaps in clinical development programmes, including external control arms or collection of RWD after initial assessment to determine real-life effectiveness or duration of benefit. An international multi-stakeholder initiative, RWE4Decisions, led by the Belgian Payer - RIZIV/INAMI - has explored these issues over the past few years. They have proposed that all stakeholders including industry, clinicians, regulators, patients and methodologists need to be involved to determine what questions can be answered by RWD and ensuring data is of sufficient quality to generate robust real-world evidence (RWE). Alongside this, the IMPACT HTA Project has reviewed use of RWD in specific rare disease case studies.

Results
Several HTA/Payers have implemented RWD collection schemes, but few have been successful in delivering sufficient evidence to enable re-assessment of treatment value. Italy is an exception, with a national web-based registry system. Other countries prefer to rely on secondary use of health system data and links to clinical registries, but curating and analysing these data can be complex. The case studies show how more recently some countries are overcoming these challenges by entering into more formal agreements with stakeholders to ensure purposive data collection.

Lessons
There is a need to publish protocols and reports related to RWD collection in an international portal. If possible, dialogues among bodies should happen in advance to align RWD collection requirements and facilitate data analysis.
Data availability for health system comparisons and assessments in the WHO African Region
Authors: Polin K , Webb E , Quentin W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Describing and assessing health systems is a challenging but essential task for researchers and policy makers striving to perform cross-country comparisons and to ensure evidence-based global health policy. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies has developed a template for country health system reviews (HiT) to systematically describe and assess health systems. To date, the HiT template has been used for countries in Europe, Asia and North America. This study reviews to what extent data for the indicators in the HiT template are available for the 47 countries of the WHO African Region.

Methods
After identifying indicators in the HiT template, we explored the databases highlighted in the HiT template, as well as additional international and regional databases, to determine data availability. We extracted the country coverage and availability of indicators over time, noting gaps in data availability. Internationally available socio-demographic, macroeconomic, and mortality and health indicators were most frequently available for all 47 countries included in the study; data on the provision of services had the lowest availability. Data on human and physical resources and service provision had the most geographic and temporal variability. Information related to health system assessment, including issues around quality of care and access, if available, were geographically and temporally limited and found only in regional surveys or national sources.

Conclusions
This project provides a comprehensive overview of health system-related data availability for the African Region. Regional or country group databases with regular updates, such as those managed by OECD and Eurostat, are less common in the African region, leading to a dearth of information. More work is needed to determine the most appropriate indicators and data sources for health system comparisons and assessments in the region.

Key messages
We evaluated the data availability of health system indicators in the WHO African Region using indicators from the HiT template of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Socio-demographic, macroeconomic, and mortality indicators had highest availability for all 47 countries included in the study, while data on the provision of services had the lowest availability.
Non-adherence to COVID-19 guidelines on handwashing and social distancing on the island of Ireland
Authors: Darker C , O’Connell N , Graham CD , Nicolson G , Demster M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 public health measures like handwashing and social distancing can help stem the spread of the virus. Adherence to guidelines varies between individuals. This study aims to identify predictors of non-adherence to social distancing and handwashing guidelines.

Methods
A cross-sectional weekly telephone survey was conducted over eight weeks (11/06/2020-05/08/2020). The sample included adults resident on the island of Ireland (75:25 split between ROI and NI). Data were collected on demographics, threat perceptions, fear of COVID-19, response efficacy and self-efficacy, response cost and social norms, COVID-19 behaviours, mood, loneliness, and self-reported health.

Results
3011 participants were surveyed. Handwashing non-adherers were more likely to be male (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.4 - 11.3), to have higher levels of loneliness (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.1), and higher perceptions of handwashing costs (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.2 - 5.2). Those reporting rarely engaging in social distancing were more likely to be members of lower socioeconomic groups, to be younger (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 - 0.98), male (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.5), healthcare workers (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.4), to report lower mood (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.2), were less likely to live in households with people aged under-18 (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6 - 0.9), and to have lower fear of COVID-19 (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.6 - 0.9).

Conclusions
Non-adherers to handwashing differ from social distancing non-adherers. Public health messages should target specific demographic groups and different messages are necessary to improve adherence to each behaviour.
Changes In Psychosocial Status And Quality Of Life In Pediatric Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Allahverdi S , Koruk I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of sandflies that can affect different body systems. It is stated that 350 million people in the world are at risk of infection [1, 2]. Dermatological disorders as like cutaneous leishmaniasis are known to have negative effects on the psychosocial status and quality of life of children [3]. The aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial status and dermatological quality of life before and after treatment, the duration of positive changes after treatment, and other factors that affect the changes due to treatment in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) aged 6-17 years.

Methods
This follow-up study was conducted at the Sanliurfa Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Diagnosis and Treatment Center(SCLDTC) between December 2019 and November 2020. The study included 48 children aged 6-17 years, who applied to the SCLDTC with the suspicion of CL, were diagnosed with CL, and who accepted intralesional treatment with pentavalent antimony compounds.

Results
The median age of the children participating in the study was 11.5(mean 11.4 ± 2.7) years. The lesions were present in the facial area in 41.7% of the patients. The families of 47.9% of the patients were seasonal agricultural workers. It was found that social anxiety score and dermatological quality of life score in children started to decrease at the end of the 3rd month after treatment and continued to decrease at the end of the 6th month after treatment. It was found that depression and stigma scores started to decrease at the end of the 3rd month after treatment and remained at the same level until the end of 6 months(p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
It was observed that psychosocial status and quality of life, which were negatively affected by CL lesions in children, changed positively with treatment. Furthermore, it was found that this improvement lasted at least 6 months in different dimensions and at different rates.

Key messages
It was observed that the negative effects in social anxiety, depression, dermatological quality of life, and stigmatization scores, continued for 6 months despite the treatment. Children in the 7–11 age group and children of SAW families should be considered as a high-risk group in terms of psychosocial burden associated with the disease.
Gender minority youth: Shifting the paradigm from risk to resilience
Authors: Vaughan E , Költő A , Ravikumar D , Kelly C , Nic Gabhainn S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Discourse on the lives, health, and well-being of transgender and other gender minority (TGM) youth frequently revolves around narratives of risk and victimisation. While TGM youth undeniably face many challenges, such singular discourses belie a more complex picture of TGM youth lives and problematically position them as passive victims rather than as social subjects with agency.

Methods
The “LGBTI+ Landscape and Knowledge Gap Analysis” aimed to systematically map research evidence on sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth in Ireland and other European countries. A scoping review methodology was employed in which the systematic concept searches were linked to the five outcomes of Ireland's Better Outcomes, Better Futures national youth policy framework, which in turn are aligned with the fifteen objectives of the Irish LGBTI+ National Youth Strategy.

Results
One hundred and twenty-six pieces of evidence were included in the final sample for analysis, which were mapped to the fifteen objectives of the National Youth Strategy. Particular attention was given to the positive aspects and protective factors identified throughout the literature. The evidence showed that while TGM youth disproportionately experience stigma, discrimination and unequal health outcomes, there were sources of resilience at the micro-, meso-, and macro- levels that serve as protective factors against health inequalities.

Conclusions
Discourse that focuses exclusively on the ‘at-riskness' of trans and gender minority young people presents a one-dimensional perspective that fails to capture the reality and richness of their lives. Over-emphasising individual risk factors may obscure the structural and social factors that underpin the health inequalities experienced by TGM youth.
A mixed methods study of lived experiences of homelessness in Wales and childhood adversity
Authors: Grey CNB , Woodfine L , Davies AR , Azam S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Homelessness is a serious and complex societal and public health issue with multiple causes and solutions. Dealing with homelessness involves both supporting people at risk of homelessness and addressing personal and structural causes occurring through the life-course, including Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). We examine the relationship between ACEs and homelessness in Wales, and consider priority areas for early intervention and prevention.

Methods
Data was retrospectively analysed from a 2017 cross-sectional national 2017 (n = 2452) of adults aged 16-69 years living in Wales using a stratified random probability sampling methodology. Outcome measures included number of ACEs, lifetime homelessness, and childhood resilience assets and were analysed using bivariate statistics. Pathways interviews with people experiencing homelessness (n = 27) and services (n = 16) explored experiences and views, and were analysed thematically.

Results
Homelessness affects 1 in 14 (7%) of the Welsh population in their lifetime. 87% of those with lived experience of homelessness had experienced at least one ACE compared with a Welsh average of 46%; and 50% of those with lived experience of homelessness had experienced 4+ ACEs, compared to 11% in the wider population. Compared with those with no ACEs, individuals with 4+ ACEs were 16 times more likely to report experiencing homelessness (95% CI 9.73,26.43), but Childhood Resilience Assets were protective reducing this by half (adjusted odds ratio 8.073, 95% CI 4.68,13.93). From interviews, early years/schools are critical in supporting children with ACEs, and services through the life-course need to be ACE-aware and better able to cope with impacts of ACEs.

Conclusions
A clear association is seen between ACEs and homelessness. Early intervention that prevents ACEs is needed, as well as better addressing support needs of both child and adult vulnerable populations to prevent homelessness and intervene earlier.

Key messages
In a national Welsh study, 87% of those reporting lived experience of homelessness had experienced at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE), and 50% reported four or more ACEs. Early intervention that prevents ACEs, combined with a trauma-informed approach that builds resilience in at-risk children and adults, is likely to contribute to reducing and preventing homelessness.
The Perspectives of Asylum Seekers When Accessing Sexual Health Services in Cork and Kerry
Authors: Jones MM , Barry F , Davoren M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the collective experiences of asylum seekers when accessing sexual health services in Cork and Kerry so that this research may inform how future policies and service provision can be targeted towards addressing these specific needs. Specifically, the objective is to determine the perceived barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual health services among asylum seekers, and to get an understanding of the overall lived experiences of asylum seekers when accessing these services.

Methods
This is a qualitative study which utilised data from 14 semi-structured interviews conducted with asylum seekers between May and June 2019. Participants were over 18 and living in direct provision in Cork or Kerry. This study used a content analysis to interpret the data and develop categories which produced the results.

Results
Participants demonstrated varying levels of understanding of sexual health and sexual health services. Several barriers and facilitators were identified which can be grouped into socioeconomic, political/legal, systemic, and social/cultural/religious barriers and facilitators.

Conclusions
The findings from this study highlighted several areas for improvement in the provision of information and services relating to sexual health for asylum seekers and revealed the importance of addressing these issues to fulfil the purpose of public health by promoting health, preventing disease and prolonging life for all members of society.

Key messages
There are varying levels of knowledge around sexual health and access to services among asylum seekers in direct provision. There are several barriers and facilitators to sexual health and access to services among asylum seekers and these highlight the areas of improvement that can shape future policy and service provision.
Community capacity building for culturally sensitive prevention and control of NCDs
Authors: Pardoel Z , Widyaningsih V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

In Southeast Asia, it is common practice to have community-based interventions targeting health promotion, prevention and management of diseases. Often interventions developed by WHO or health programmes in the regions are copied. From literature it is known that community-based interventions are more effective when tailored to the local language, including the lingo, and custom traditions and adapted to preferences, needs, values, interests, religion, and other sociocultural specific aspects. Cultural and contextual adaptation of an intervention is difficult and dynamic, and to date there is no practical and scientific base how to do this. In this presentation the developing of contextual and culturally sensitive and responsive capacity building materials for health promotion and screening by community volunteers and community groups will be elaborated by the following topics:
Development of general capacity building methods and curricula, taking into account local training needs of community workers Tools for pre-test post-test of training to assess the level of understanding by participants Tools for measuring contextual and cultural sensitivity of training modules and training activities Tools for adjustment of training and materials to context and culture, building on the findings in the previous tools

The presentation will show the application of these tools and the final outcome when applying them in practice.