bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and skin pores contraction activity of Malus domestica Borkh
Authors: Son Da-Hee , Nam Mi-Hyun , Hong Chung-Oui , Chun Su-Hyun , Kim Young-Bu , Lee Kwang-Won 
Published: June 2021

Green apple is important not only for its high antioxidant contents, but also for its acceptance among the general consumer. The aim of this study is to confirm the effect of green apple extracts on skin pores contraction through antioxidant activity, quantification of tannin contents, protein aggregation assay and inhibition of 5‐alpha‐reductase type 1 mRNA expression. First, Green apple was separated to whole apple, apple rind, pulp, seed and each group was extracted with 70% ethanol. Apple rind exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity, tannin contents. So, apple rind was fractionated with hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc, BuOH and water to get active fraction. Among these solvent fractions, green apple rind ethyl acetate (AR‐E) has a greatest antioxidant activity and tannin content. Also, protein aggregation of green apple fraction has an effect as compared with positive control tannic acid. The major factor contributing to excess sebum is 5‐alpha reductase type1 which related to enlarge skin pores. We confirmed that green apple fraction reduced 5‐alpha reductase type1 expression in HaCaT using RT‐PCR method. In conclusion, we expected the beneficial effect of green apple on skin pores contractionGrant Funding Source : Ipeeres Ltd.
Antioxidant and skin pores contraction activity of Vaccinium corymbosum
Authors: Son Da-Hee , Nam Mi-Hyun , Hong Chung-Oui , Chun Su-Hyun , Lee Sun-Young , Lee Kwang-Won 
Published: June 2021

Blueberry has attracted much attention due to their potential health benefits. Blueberry contains a diverse of biological properties such as antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. The aim of this study is to confirm the effect of blueberry extracts on skin pores contraction through antioxidant activity, quantification of tannin contents, protein aggregation assay and inhibition of 5‐alpha‐reductase type 1 mRNA expression. Blueberry was extracted with 70% ethanol and then fractionated with hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc, BuOH and water to get active fractions. Antioxidant activity of each fraction was determined by using the DPPH and FRAP assay. All fractions had high antioxidant activities, tannin contents than crude extract, but blueberry ethyl acetate (BB‐E) fraction was at the top of the list. Protein aggregation of blueberry fraction has an effect as compared with positive control tannic acid. The major factor contributing to excess sebum is 5‐alpha reductase type1 which related to enlarge skin pores. We confirmed that blueberry fractions reduced 5‐alpha reductase type1 expression in HaCaT using RT‐PCR method. In conclusion, we expected the beneficial effect of blueberry on skin pores contraction.Grant Funding Source : Ipeeres Ltd.
White common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) have higher in vitro iron bioavailability than colored seed coat varieties
Authors: Mutambuka Martin , Murphy Patricia , Hendrich Suzanne , Reddy Manju B. 
Published: June 2021

The common bean is an important source of iron in developing countries and there is need to improve their iron bioavailability. This study aimed at screening 21 bean varieties (16 varieties from Uganda and 5 from Columbia) for iron bioavailability with an overall objective of modeling it with respect to key influencing factors; protein, polyphenol, phytate, bean ferritin and iron content. A Caco‐2 cell culture model was used to determine iron uptake from in vitro digested bean samples. Protein content ranged from 25.7–31.6 %; polyphenols, 0.07–0.37 mg/100g; phytates, 0.91–2.17 g/100g; iron, 128.5–154.5 μg/g; bean ferritin, 206–497 μg/g, and relative iron bioavailability (based on 100% bioavailability of ferrous sulfate) was 9.1–52.1%. The two white bean varieties had the highest bioavailability (38–52%) and were significantly different from colored seed coat varieties (9–18%). A fixed effects multiple regression model showed negative effects of polyphenols and phytates and positive effects of iron content. In conclusion, iron bioavailability in common beans is influenced by iron, polyphenol and phytate contents.Source of support: US‐AID under the Dry Grain Pulses CRSP
Impact of iron‐contained micronutrient supplementation on macrosomia and large for gestational age births
Authors: Liu Jian-meng , Mei Zuguo , Ye Rongwei , Serdula Mary , Li Hong-tian , Cogswell Mary 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the impact of prenatal iron‐contained micronutrient supplementation on macrosomia or large for gestational age (LGA) births in a relatively wealthier area of China.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial among nulliparous pregnant women. Women were enrolled before 20 weeks gestation and randomized to receive daily folic acid (FA), iron + folic acid (IFA), or iron, folic acid, + 13 other micronutrients (MN). Outcomes were macrosomia and LGA. In main analyses, we calculated relative risks (RRs) of macrosomia or LGA for IFA and MN versus FA. In subgroup analyses, we used logistic regression with interaction terms to adjust for covariates and assess modification effect of maternal baseline BMI (<25/≥25kg/m2).ResultsOf 18775 women randomized, 17738 delivered singleton live births. Baseline characteristics and adherence did not differ by groups. Prevalence of macrosomia and LGA were 4.3% and 22.9%. Compared to FA, the RR (95% CI) of macrosomia was 1.04 (0.87, 1.23) for IFA and 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) for MN; corresponding RR of LGA was 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) and 0.99 (0.93, 1.06). In multivariable analyses, odds ratios were not varied by maternal BMI (P values for interaction >0.19).ConclusionCompared with FA, IFA or MN supplementation did not increase the risk of macrosomia or LGA in this well nourished population.The study is funded by a cooperative agreement between PUHSC and CDC.Grant Funding Source : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Population dynamics of leukocytes in blood during early activation of the chicken immune system by E. coli
Authors: Iseri Vanessa J. , Klasing Kirk C. 
Published: June 2021

The immune system must have appropriate levels of nutrients to support changes in leukocyte numbers during immune response, but quantitative aspects are poorly characterized. Thus, examined the early time course of peripheral blood leukocytes of adult Hyline chickens injected IV with dead E. coli. After primary injection, blood was collected and total white blood cells (WBC), CD4+, CD8+), IgM+, IgG+), and macrophage/monocyte numbers were determined. WBCs decreased at 4hr, 18hr, 24hr, and 48hr post‐injection (PI) compared to baseline (P<0.0001 for first 3, P=0.04). CD4+ decreased compared to baseline at 4hr, 18hr, 24hr, and 48hr PI (P<0.0001 for first 3, P=0.01). CD8+ decreased compared to baseline at 4hr, 18hr, 24hr, and 48hr PI (P<0.0001 for first 3, P=0.0001). IgM+ decreased compared to baseline at 4hr, 18hr, 24hr, and 48hr PI (P<0.001 for first 3, P=0.004). IgG+ decreased at 4hr, 18hr, 24hr, and 48hr PI compared to baseline (P<0.0001 for first 3, P=0.0009). Macrophage/monocytes decreased at 4hr, 18hr, 24hr, and 48hr PI compared to baseline (P=0.0008, P=0.003, P=0.008, P=0.01). Maximal percent decrease in cell numbers at 4hr for WBC was 96%. Decrease of cellular components in blood occurred, observed an increase in cell number in spleen, thymus and bone marrow. Converted to a whole body basis, the 70% decrease is less than the changes observed in other tissues indicating a decrease in nutrient use due to activation.Grant Funding Source: USDA Regional Research project 1013
Dietary Gangliosides Improve Intestinal Integrity and Function by Decreasing sPLA2 Independent NF‐kB Activation Mechanism in a Caco‐2 Cell Model of IBD by DSS
Authors: Li Qun , Thomsom Alan B.R. , Mazurak Vera C. , Field Catherine J. , Clandinin M. Tom 
Published: June 2021

Gangliosides are negatively charged glycosphingolipids that consist of a hydrophobic ceramide and a hydrophilic oligosaccharide chain bearing one or more sialic acid. Both animal and human cell studies suggest that gangliosides have anti‐inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine expression. The objective of this study was to use Caco‐2 IBD model induced by dextran sulfate sodium to investigate benefits of ganglioside supplementation on IBD signaling mechanisms. Epithelial barrier function was examined by measuring TEER and intestinal morphological structure damage was studied via TEM. HBD‐2, sPLA2 and NF‐kB was determined by ELISA methods. Results indicated that supplementary ganglioside significantly decreased inflammatory HBD‐2 level, improved the defective epithelial barrier function and protected the disruption of intestinal junction complexes. The sPLA2 level in the basolateral medium was significantly decreased in ganglioside supplemented cells by 40%. NF‐kB P65 activation was significantly increased by DSS alone or with ganglioside supplement. In conclusion, the present study indicated that ganglioside has promising beneficial effects on IBD by decreasing inflammatory signaling, improving epithelial barrier function and protecting intestinal integrity. The anti‐inflammatory effect may also partly contribute to decrease of sPLA2 level, while independent of NF‐kB activation.Grant Funding Source : CIHR
Neuron‐targeted Cav‐1 as a novel therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kellerhals Sarah Elizabeth , Niesman Ingrid , Kleschevnikov Alexander M. , Patel Hemal H. , Patel Piyush M. , Head Brian P. 
Published: June 2021

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in young adults in the civilian and military population in the Western world. TBI causes excessive release of glutamate, hyperactivation of NMDAR, excitotoxicity, and neuronal death. Membrane/lipid rafts (MLR) are plasmalemmal microdomains enriched in sphingolipids, cholesterol, and the protein caveolin (Cav) and are essential for pro‐growth neuronal signaling and synaptic development/stabilization. Cav‐1 organizes glutamate and neurotrophin receptors (e.g. NMDAR, AMPAR, GPCRs, Trk), pro‐survival kinases, and regulates cAMP formation. We have previously shown that neuron‐targeted Cav‐1 driven by a synapsin promoter (SynCav1) increased neuronal arborization in vitro. We have extended our studies to an in vivo mouse TBI model that utilizes a stereotaxic SynCav1 gene delivery before and after controlled cortical impact (CCI). Treatment with SynCav1 prior to CCI blunted TBI‐enhanced polysynaptic responses, a pre‐seizure indicator and augmented long‐term potentiation (LTP) of CA1 monosynpatic responses. Sucrose density fractionation, EM, and IF demonstrate SynCav1 delivery to the hippocampus protects CA1 neurons against CCI. Such data indicate that SynCav1 may be a novel therapy to limit brain injury following TBI.Work supported by Veterans Affairs CDA‐2 (B.P. Head)
Histological markers of Cardiovascular Diseases in a mouse model of social stress simulating aspects of PTSD
Authors: Urow Umid Farach , Melige Monique , Sowe Bintu , Chakraborty Nabarun , Carroll Erica , Meheroff James , Hammamieh Rasha , Jett Marti 
Published: June 2021

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a common psychiatric disorder, is associated with risk of cardiovascular (CV) atrophy and possible thromboembolic stroke. We examined the histology of cardiac samples from mice (C57BL/6) that had been subjected to social stress (SS) for 5 or 10 d. SS mice, housed with an aggressor mouse (AGG) for 6h/d sans food/liquid, were subjected to direct exposures with AGG at 3x/d at random times. Control mice (C) were put in the same environment without any direct agonistic interaction with AGG. Cardiac tissues were harvested 1d or 4wks after 10d SS, and 1d or 1.5wks after 5d SS, and were stained and examined under the brightfield optic. Cardiac tissues from C were harvested at the same time points.SS‐induced cardiomyopathy, specifically degeneration and inflammation, was evident 24h after 10d and 5d among SS mice, but not C.Animals showed almost no trace of CV pathology 4wks after 10d SD; although after 1.5wks post 5d SD, traces of CV atrophy persisted. While SS induced significant short term CV pathology, progressive remission was evident over 4 wks following cessation of SS exposure.
Signaling pathways involved in skeletal muscle response to oxidative stress in rats with heart failure
Authors: Martinez Paula Felippe , Guizoni Daniele , Junior Silvio Oliveira , Bonomo Camila , Damatto Ricardo , Lima Aline , Cezar Marcelo , Zornoff Leonardo , Okoshi Katashi , Campana Alvaro , Okoshi Marina 
Published: June 2021

This study examined whether mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) pathways participate in skeletal muscle response to oxidative stress in heart failure rats.MethodsMyocardial infarction (MI) was induced by left coronary occlusion. Four months later, rats were assigned to three groups: Sham (n=8), MI without treatment (n=8), and MI/NAC (MI treated with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine, 120 mg/kg/day, n=8). Rats with small MI were excluded. Six months after surgery, total and phosphorylated forms of MAPK (JNK and p38) and NF‐κB proteins were analyzed by Westen blot in soleus muscle.ResultsMI size did not differ between MI and MI/NAC groups (P>0.05; Student's t test). Total JNK, p‐p38 and p‐NF‐κB did not differ among the groups. Table shows the other Western blot results.ConclusionSkeletal muscle response to oxidative stress is combined with JNK and NF‐κB protein expression changes in rats with heart failure. Support: FAPESP, CNPq, and Fundunesp.
Early rather than late aldosterone blockade improves myocardial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats without heart failure
Authors: CEZAR MARCELO DIARCADIA MARIANO , Junior Silvio , Martinez Paula , Damatto Ricardo , Lima Aline , Bonomo Camila , Guizoni Daniele , Campos Dijon , Moretto Fernanda , Blotta Daniella , Rosa Camila , Campana Alvaro , Okoshi Marina , Okoshi Katashi 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of early and late aldosterone blockade with spironolactone (SPR) on ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) without HF.MethodsSHR were divided into four groups: control: CTL13 (n=20) 13 month‐old and CTL16 (n=72) 16 month‐old; SPR: SPR13 (n=24) 13 month‐old and SPR16 (n=34) 16 month‐old. SPR groups were treated with SPR for six months (20 mg/kg/day). Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured. Echocardiogram (ECHO) was performed to evaluate cardiac structures and left ventricular (LV) function. Myocardial function was analyzed in LV papillary muscle preparations. Statistics: two way ANOVA and Student‐Newman‐Keuls. Significance: p<0.05.ResultsBP was not different between groups (CTL13: 184±24; SPR13: 197±22; CTL16: 199±43; SPR16: 200±35 mmHg; p>0.05). ECHO did not show differences between groups. In vitro evaluated myocardial function was improved in SPR13 vs. CTL13 group (developed tension (dT): 7.00±1.68 vs. 5.22±1.64 g/mm2; maximum rate of dT: 61.0±17.4 vs. 46.8±5.00 g/mm2/s; maximum rate of tension decline: 28.9±7.06 vs. 21.6±5.40 g/mm2/s; p<0.05). Mortality rate was significantly lower in SPR16 than CTL16 (38% vs. 71%; p<0.05).ConclusionAldosterone blockade initiated at 13 months but not at 16 months induces beneficial effects on myocardial function and collagen accumulation in SHR without heart failure.
Some histories of response‐contingent histamine attenuate the punishing effect of histamine
Authors: Truong Yen Nhu Thi , Woods James H 
Published: June 2021

RationaleIV histamine can function as a punisher, but seems less able to serve this function in some choice situations that include lever reversals.ObjectiveThis study examined whether different histories of response‐contingent IV histamine injection (inj) attenuated the ability of IV histamine to punish sucrose‐maintained responding.MethodIn a two‐lever operant chamber, rats with IV catheters were given a choice between response‐contingent sucrose pellets or response‐contingent IV histamine inj. The lever contingencies were then reversed; the lever that previously delivered only sucrose now delivered sucrose + histamine, and the lever that previously delivered only histamine now delivered only sucrose.ResultRats always selected the sucrose‐ alone lever over the histamine‐alone lever in the initial sessions. When the lever that had previously delivered only histamine now delivered only sucrose, and the lever that previously resulted in only sucrose now presented sucrose + histamine, rats very slowly learned to move to the new sucrose‐alone lever. The larger the dose of histamine on the now sucrose + histamine lever, the more slowly the rats learned to avoid this lever.ConclusionDrug histories should be considered when evaluating the ability of a drug to punish steady‐state operant choice behavior. NIH 5 T32 GM 7767‐33, NIDA RO1 D0247897.
Morphological changes in raphe nuclei serotonergic fibers of the MPTP treated mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nayyar Tultul , Ferguson Marcus C , Ansah Twum A 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment alters the morphology of serotonin (5‐HT) fibers in the in the dorsal (DRN) and median raphe nuclei (MRN) where 5‐HT cell bodies are located.DESIGN AND METHODSMale C57BL/6J mice were treated with 4 doses of MPTP 20 mg/kg (i.p.) at every 2 hours and sacrificed after 3 and 16 weeks. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) antibody was used for immunohistochemistry to study the neuronal number and fiber lengths and tail suspension test (TST) to assess depression‐like behavior of the mice.RESULTSIncreased expression of TPH in the cell bodies and fibers of MPTP treated mice, were noticed without any significant differences in the neuronal number in the DRN and MRN at both 3 and 16 weeks survival times, as compared to control group. However, a significant decrease in fiber lengths in DRN and MRN at 3weeks survival period and in MRN at 16 weeks survival period after MPTP treatment, were observed. The consistent reduction in fiber lengths in the MRN correlated well with our earlier report in MPTP treated mice with preferential decrease in the density of thick beaded 5‐HT axons in the PFC which originate from MRN. Increased immobility as measured by the TST was observed in the MPTP treated mice.CONCLUSIONMPTP treated mouse may be a useful resource to model depression associated with PD. Supported by NIH SNRP/NINDS grant NS041071.
Effect of Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockade in Hypertensive Nigerians
Authors: Elias Simiat Olanike , Sofola Soga , Jaja Smith 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDApproximately 60% of hypertensive Nigerians are salt‐sensitive. The demonstration of genetic linkage between Liddle syndrome and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) suggests the physiological involvement of ENaC in blood pressure regulation.OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of ENaC blockade on blood pressure in hypertensive Nigerians.METHODSFifty‐three hypertensive subjects were recruited after ethical clearance was given by College of Medicine University of Lagos Research Grants and Experimentation Ethics Committee. Every subject gave an informed written consent. Blood pressure was determined at baseline and after salt‐loading with 200mmol/day of Na+ for 5 days. After one week wash‐out period, the tests were repeated following ingestion of 200mmol/day of Na+ plus amiloride 5mg daily for 5 days.RESULTSBlood pressure rose significantly following salt‐loading (SBP, 3.1±2.3%; p < 0.001; DBP 2.9±12.4%; p<0.001). Blockade with amiloride significantly reduced SBP by −7.0±1.4%; p<0.0001 and DBP by −8.5±1.7%; p < 0.0001.CONCLUSIONThere were pressor responses to acute salt‐loading in hypertensive Nigerians. Blockade of epithelial sodium channel led to significant fall in blood pressure.
Increased mitochondrial ROS production is required for ventilator‐induced myonuclear apoptosis in the diaphragm
Authors: Nelson W. Bradley , Smuder Ashley J. , Sollanek Kurt J. , Min Kisuk , Szeto Hazel H. , Powers Scott K. 
Published: June 2021

Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) results in diaphragm atrophy that is accompanied by myonuclear apoptosis and increased mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is unknown if this increased mitochondrial ROS production is essential for MV‐induced myonuclear apoptosis in the diaphragm. We tested the hypothesis that during MV, mitochondrial ROS induce the mitochondrial‐mediated apoptotic pathway in the diaphragm.MethodsCause‐and‐effect was determined by using a selective mitochondrial targeted antioxidant (SS‐31) that prevents MV‐induced mitochondrial ROS emission. Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups: 1) control, 2) mechanically ventilated for 12 hrs and 3) mechanically ventilated for 12 hrs with SS‐31.ResultsCompared to control, MV induced a significant increase in diaphragmatic active caspase‐9 and cytosolic cytochrome‐c. Treatment with SS‐31 prevented the MV‐induced increases in these upstream signals of myonuclear apoptosis. Additionally, SS‐31 significantly decreased the MV‐induced presence of diaphragmatic TUNEL positive nuclei, a positive indicator for apoptotic cell death.ConclusionThese results provide evidence that MV‐induced increases in mitochondrial ROS promote mitochondrial‐mediated myonuclear apoptosis in diaphragm during MV. Supported by the NIH RO1 HL087839 awarded to SKP.
Effects of fatigue on electromechanical delay in human skeletal muscle: new insights from an electromyographic and mechanomyographic combined approach
Authors: Esposito Fabio , Cè Emiliano , Rampichini Susanna , Limonta Eloisa , Veicsteinas Arsenio 
Published: June 2021

While tendons are the major contributor to the electromechanical delay (EMD, the latency between the onset of electrical activity and force in a muscle), the relative role of action potential propagation and excitation‐contraction coupling is still undefined. The aim of the study was: (i) to assess the reliability of an electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) approach in partitioning EMD; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of fatigue on the muscle and tendon EMD components. Tetanic stimulations were delivered to the medial gastrocnemius of 24 subjects, before and after a fatiguing stimulation. On a different day, the study was repeated for reliability purposes. During contractions, EMG, MMG and force were recorded. EMD and delays between EMG and MMG (Δt EMG‐MMG, muscle component) and MMG and force (Δt MMG‐F, tendon component) were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.892, 0.915 and 0.917 for EMD, Δt EMG‐MMG and Δt MMG‐F, respectively. With fatigue, peak force dropped (−26%; P<0.05) and EMD, Δt EMG‐MMG and Δt MMG‐F lengthened from 25.58±2.62 ms, 11.44±0.64 ms and 13.84±2.96 ms to 31.57±4.18 ms (+23%), 12.75±0.66 ms (+12%) and 18.98±4.44 ms (+39%), respectively (P<0.05). EMG‐MMG approach was a reliable tool to assess EMD components. Although fatigue had a stronger effect on EMD tendon component, also muscle component was significantly affected.(UNIMI PUR grant #12‐1‐5059281‐42)