bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to Inmates' Health Needs in Zambia: A Policy Analysis
Authors: Muchinda Elizabeth K. , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Mweemba Chrispin , Chisela Chileshe , Mutale Wilbroad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction{Fazel, 2011 #25}Worldwide, the rates of infectious and non-infectious diseases in prisons is generally higher than that of the general population. Although Zambia has adopted international and local guidelines to address prisoners’ health, the disease burden remains high in Zambian prisons. This study therefore explored barriers to translation and implementation of the legislative acts and guidelines that deal with health for inmates in correctional facilities. MethodsThis was a case study. Data was gathered through key informant interviews with stakeholders supporting inmates’ health in Zambia. These included the Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Justice, Zambia Correctional Service, NGOs and UN agencies. The policy triangle was used to guide data collection, organization and analysis. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Nvivo software version 12 was used for data coding. ResultsContext: There was political will and commitment to address inmate’s health in Zambia but was constrained by inadequate resources, infrastructure and trained Health Care Workers. Actors: Many key actors were not aware of key policy documents and guidelines addressing inmates’ health in Zambia. Coordination among partners was poor and efforts were underway to address lack of coordination in providing good health services to inmates. The role of the Ministry of health, as the lead partner, was emphasised going forward. Process: It was revealed that the policy development and implementation process was not consultative. There was weak inter-ministerial collaboration and lack of completion of the domestication process of the international guidelines, and this resulted in poor coordination and implementation of legal provision on inmates’ health.ConclusionDespite the existence of key legal and policy guidelines to address prisoners’ health in Zambia, there remain several barriers to implementation. These include lack of resources, lack of awareness and poor coordination among partners working in this sector. It will be important for the Ministry of Health to provide leadership and resources to raise awareness about prisoners’ health and a policy provision to support this process. Resources and infrastructure will be key to addressing the current challenges related to providing quality care for inmates in Zambia.
Menstrual Hygiene Management Challenges Among In-School Deaf Adolescents in Ghana
Authors: Mprah Wisdom Kwadwo , Sackey Emmanuel , Duorinaah Juventus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Whiles challenges associated with menstrual hygiene management among adolescents are universal, some sub-populations, such as deaf girls, have peculiar challenges that requires special attention. Although there have been numerous studies on menstrual hygiene management among adolescents in the school setting in Ghana, the experiences of students with disabilities, particularly, deaf girls have not attracted adequate scholarly attention.Objective: The objective of the study was to generate new empirical evidence on menstrual hygiene management challenges of deaf adolescent girls in the special schools for the deaf in Ghana. The overall objective was to obtain data that could be used to improve menstrual hygiene practices among the target population, and, to bridge the gap in the existing literature regarding menstrual hygiene management experiences of in-school adolescent deaf girls in Ghana.Method: This study adopted a mixed method approach to investigate the menstrual hygiene management challenges of in-school deaf adolescent girls in Ghana. A total of 152 participants comprising 118 schoolgirls, 15 boys, seven school heads, six teachers, and six school housemothers from seven special schools were involved in the study.Results: The findings identified five challenges facing the girls. These are inadequate access to sanitary pads, inappropriate school WASH facilities, health related problems, negative attitude of male colleagues, and academic related challenges.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the quality of WASH facilities in the schools require improvement. We recommend that access to sanitary kits for underprivileged girls should be made a priority issue, boys and male teachers should be included in all menstrual hygiene management awareness programs, whiles the capacity of school housemothers on menstrual hygiene management should be enhanced. The study made important contributions to the existing literature on disability and menstrual health in Africa.
Late Occurrence of Hyperbilirubinemia and Renal Dysfunction During Nilotinib Treatment for an Elderly Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Jiayu , Lian Yun , Zhu Yu , zhao huihui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Compared with the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), Nilotinib exhibited potent inhibition for BCR-ABL kinase activity, approved of the first-line and second-line TKI treatment of CML patients. Nilotinib was generally well tolerated with mild hematologic and non-hematologic adverse events. Hyperbilirubinemia, the most common non-hematologic adverse events, was confirmed presented mostly with grade I-II, rarely with grade III-IV in several large-scale clinical trails and real-world treatment. Case presentation: we report a rare case of elderly CML with severe bilirubin and creatinine elevation after receiving Nilotinib as second-line treatment for 2 years. After TKI suspension, hepatic and renal function improved quickly, but degree IV bone marrow suppression persisted for rather a long time. Monosomy 7 clone was detected at the point when renal dysfunction occurred, which indicated disease progression to accelerated phase. When Imatinib and Dasatinib were administrated alternately, a large area of acute cerebral infarction occurred unexpectedly after blood cell count recovered. So far, Imatinib treatment was continued, the patient is still stable state at the 6 months follow up.Conclusions: The report alerted clinicians to obsereve the incidence of adverse events during long-term TKIs therapy. Also, clinicans might consider the occurrence of monosomy clone when faced with poor efficacy or intolerance.
A 5- Year Surveillance of&nbsp;Nosocomial Infections in a University&nbsp;Hospital: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Erdem Ilknur , Yildirim Ilker , Safak Birol , Karaali Ritvan , Erdal Berna , Ardic Enes , Dogan Mustafa , Kardan M Enes , Kavak Caglar , Karadil Kubra Sahin , Yildiz Emre , Topcu Birol , Kiraz Nuri , Arar Cavidan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: ‘Nosocomial infections’ or ‘healthcare associated infections’ are a significant public health problem around the world. This study aimed to assess the rate of culture confirmed nosocomial infections (NIs), frequency of nosocomial pathogens and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in a University Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of NIs in a tertiary hospital, between the years 2015 and 2019 in Tekirdag, Turkey. RESULTS : During the five years, the overall incidence rates (NI/100) and incidence densities (NI/1000 days of stay) of NIs were 2.04% (range 1.76-2.41/100) and 3.50/1000 patients-days (range 2.85-4.64/1000), respectively. 57.4 % of the infections were originated from the Intensive Care Units. The most common NIs according to the primary sites were bloodstream infections (55.3 %) and, pneumonia (20.4%). 67.5% of the isolated microorganisms as nosocomial agents were Gram negative bacteria, 24.9% of Gram positive bacteria and 7.6 % of candida. The most frequently isolated causative agents were Esherichia coli (16.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.7%). The rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamase production among E. coli isolates was 51.1%. Carbapenem resistance was 29.8% among isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 95.1% among isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 18.2% among isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colistin resistance was 2.4% among isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Vancomycin resistance was 5.3% among isolates of Enterococci.CONCLUSION: Our study results demonstrates the microorganisms of isolated from Intensive Care Units demonstrates high level resistance to many antimicrobial agents. The rising in incidence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms indicate that more interventions are urgently needed to reduce NIs in our ICUs.
IL6/STAT Signaling Pathway and PPARα are Involved in Mediating the dose Dependent Cardioprotective Effect of Fenofibrate in 5-fluorouracil induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: refaie marwa , Shehata Sayed , Bayoumi Asmaa M.A. , El-Tahawy Nashwa Fathy Gamal , Abdelzaher Walaa Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and anthracyclines is a major complication that challenges their clinical usefulness. There is a critical need for finding new protecting drugs to defense against these harmful side effects. Up till now, there are no studies evaluate the possible cardioprotective effects of fenofibrate (FEN) in 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity. So that, we aimed in current model to evaluate such effect of FEN and explore different mechanisms mediating it.Methods: we used FEN (25, 50,100 mg/kg/day) orally for 7days with induction of cardiotoxicity by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 5FU (150 mg/kg) on 5th day. Results: current study showed that 5FU succeeded in induction of cardiotoxicity and manifested by significant elevation of cardiac enzymes, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 6 (IL6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 4(STAT4) and caspase 3 levels. Furthermore, 5FU group showed toxic histopathological changes of marked cardiac damage and significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) expression. FEN could reverse 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity by different mechanisms including upregulation of PPARα, inhibition of IL6/STAT signaling pathway, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties.Conclusion: FEN had a significant cardioprotective effect against 5FU induced cardiac damage.
Is Viral Load a Prognostic Indicator for Outcome of Covid-19 Patients? A Prospective Cohort Study in Iran
Authors: Balajelini Mohammad Hosein Taziki , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Mohammadi Masoud , Tabarraei Alijan , Nikoo Seyed Mohammad Hadi Razavi , Ghourchaei Araz Berdi , Hosseini Seyed Mehran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Covid-19 has different clinical symptoms and severity. Predicting its progress and results is clinically important. Hence, in this study, we investigated the relationship between virus load and the outcomes in Golestan Province. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 diagnosed with RT-PCR testing from May 2020 to December 2020. According to the severity of the disease, the study groups were divided into three groups: outpatient, inpatient, and inpatient with death. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was assessed using cycle threshold (Ct) values from a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay applied to nasopharyngeal swab samples. Demographic properties, Clinical characteristics, and CT values of the studied patients were compared. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 16.0 software.Results: Of 1318 included subjects, 599 were outpatient, and 719 were hospitalized. Of the hospitalized patients, 487 were recovered and 232 died. The mean age (year) of patients was 48.81±18.40 and 51.9% were female. There were significant differences between the age and the severity of the disease, the mean age of patients who died was higher than other patients (p<0.001). The mean CT value of all patients was 26.80±4.43, which was higher in outpatients than inpatients' cases (p <0.001). We did not find any significant differences for the Ct values between recovered and dead cases (p=0.66). CT value levels were not significantly different between age and sex groups. Conclusions: According to the results of the study, CT value can be used only as a factor to determine the severity of the disease at the time of admission, but the load of the virus is not a factor to predict the outcome.
Effects of Coalescence and Isospin Symmetry on the Freezeout of Light Nuclei and Their Anti-particles
Authors: Waqas M. , Peng G. X. , Liu Fu-Hu , Wazir Z. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The transverse momentum spectra of light nuclei (deuteron, triton and helion) produced in various centrality intervals in Gold-Gold (Au-Au), Lead-Lead (Pb-Pb) and proton-Lead (p-Pb) collisions, as well as in inelastic (INEL) proton-proton (pp) collisions are analyzed by the blast wave model with Boltzmann Gibbs statistics. The model results are nearly in agreement with the experimental data measured by STAR and ALICE Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. We extracted the bulk properties in terms of kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and freezeout volume. It is observed that deuteron and anti-deuteron freezeout later than triton and helion as well as their anti-particles due to its smaller mass, while helion and tri-ton, and anti-helion and anti-triton freezeout at the same time due to isospin symmetry at higher energies. It is also observed that light nuclei freezeout earlier than their anti-nuclei due to the large coalescence of nucleons for light nuclei compared to their anti-nuclei. The kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume decrease from central to peripheral collisions. Furthermore, the transverse flow velocity depends on mass of the particle which decreases with increasing the mass of the particle.PACS: 12.40.Ee, 13.85.Hd, 25.75.Ag, 25.75.Dw, 24.10.Pa
Alkalinity Cycling And Carbonate Chemistry Decoupling in Seagrass Mystify Processes of Acidification Mitigation
Authors: Miller Cale A. , Kelley Amanda L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The adverse conditions of acidification on sensitive marine organisms has led to the investigation of bioremediation methods as a way to abate local acidification. This phytoremediation, by macrophytes, is expected to reduce the severity of acidification in nearshore habitats on short timescales. Characterizing the efficacy of phytoremediation can be challenging as residence time, tidal mixing, freshwater input, and a limited capacity to fully constrain the carbonate system can lead to erroneous conclusions. Here, we present in situ observations of carbonate chemistry relationships to seagrass habitats by comparing dense (DG), patchy (PG), and no grass (NG) Zostera marina pools in the high intertidal experiencing intermittent flooding. High-frequency measurements of pH, alkalinity (TA), and total-CO2 elucidate extreme diel cyclicity in all parameters. The DG pool displayed frequent decoupling between pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarg) suggesting pH-based inferences of acidification remediation by seagrass can be misinterpreted as pH and Ωarg can be independent stressors for some bivalves. Estimates show the DG pool had an integrated ΔTA of 550 μmol kg-1 over a 12 h period, which is ~60 % > the PG and NG pools. We conclude habitats with mixed photosynthesizes (i.e., PG pool) result in less decoupling between pH and Ωarg.
The effects of premedication with methadone on intraocular pressure in dogs and cats
Authors: Delgado Esmeralda , Silva André Delgado da , Nunes Mariana Pinto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The effects of premedication agents on the ocular physiology should be thoroughly understood by the ophthalmic surgeon so that intraocular pressure (IOP) values are kept stable. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of methadone as a solo-agent of anaesthetic premedication on IOP in healthy dogs and cats.The study group included 60 clinically normal patients, 40 dogs and 20 cats. Ophthalmological examination, including baseline IOP (T0) of the subjects, was performed before methadone administration at a dosage of 0.2 mg kg-1. IOP variations were registered fifteen (T15) and thirty (T30) minutes later. IOP values were compared at each speciﬁc timepoint (T0, T15 and T30) using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences were considered signiﬁcant when P < 0.05. Results: The sedative effect of methadone did not affect the ocular globe or nictitating membrane position nor the menace response, dazzle reﬂex, corneal blink reﬂex or palpebral reflexes in any case. None of the animals studied presented with the secondary effects associated with opioids such as salivation, nausea, vomit, defecation, dysphoria or a clear modification of the respiratory pattern, The mean ± SD baseline (T0) and post-treatment (T15, T30) IOP values were, respectively, 16,8 ± 3,84 mmHg, 17,6 ± 3,01 mmHg and 16,1 ± 3,28 mmHg for dogs and 17,1 ± 3,31 mmHg, 16,6 ± 3,40 mmHg and 16,61 ± 2,81 for cats. There were no statistically significant differences between baseline and post-treatment values in dogs (p=0,107) or cats (p=0.077). Conclusions: The administration of methadone as a solo-agent of anaesthetic premedication at a dosage of 0.2 mg kg-1 did not cause significant changes on IOP values in dogs or cats. Methadone presented as a safe alternative for sedation, anaesthetic premedication or analgesia in ophthalmological patients since it did not interfere with IOP regulation.
Spatiotemporal Characteristic of Biantun Toponymical Landscape: Evolution of Biantun Culture in Yunnan,China
Authors: Zhao Fei , Cai Jingzhi , Zhang Chen , Luan Guize , Fu Yao , Xie Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The unique geographical environment of Yunnan Province in China and large-scale waves of Han migration during the Ming Dynasty contributed to the emergence and development of the Biantun culture. The toponym is the carrier of the Biantun culture: it records the integration process between the Central Plains and native Yunnan cultures. Based on the GIS spatiotemporal analysis of toponyms in Yunnan, this study reproduced the settlement characteristics of Biantun toponyms (BTT) and the spatial development of the Biantun culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, we’ve developed toponymical landscape index to represent the degree of spatial integration between the BTT and ethnic minority toponyms in Yunnan and explore the spatial characteristics of the integration of Han immigrants and local ethnic minorities. The results show that the spatial distribution of the BTT is consistent with the site selection of the central plains immigrants station troops to open up wasteland in Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the centroids of BTT spread to outskirts and intermontane area from central towns. In Dali, Kunming, Qujing regions, etc present the distribution characteristics of the mixed of BTT and ethnic minority toponyms, and a higher degree of Sinicization in the central urban areas. This study used GIS applications for historical and cultural research and established the connection among Biantun culture and spatiotemporal data. Exploring evolution of Biantun cultural development through the spatial characteristics of toponymical landscape can help adjust policies for he development and protection of the Biantun cultural resources.
A Pregnant Woman Who Experienced Auditory Hallucinations Concurrent With Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Case Report
Authors: Okayasu Hiroaki , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: We report the case of a pregnant woman who experienced auditory hallucinations only while suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first report of a case of obvious auditory hallucinations in a pregnant woman who had not been diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder. Case presentation: The patient was a 24-year-old pregnant woman who had not had a psychiatric disorder before. Two years prior to this admission, she became pregnant for the first time, and she was admitted to an obstetrics clinic due to severe hyperemesis gravidarum. Mild auditory hallucinations developed at the same time. After she gave birth, the auditory hallucinations disappeared. When she was 24 years old, she became pregnant again. She suffered from severe hyperemesis gravidarum from the early stage of pregnancy. At 20 weeks of pregnancy, she came to the Department of Psychiatry of our hospital for a detailed psychiatric evaluation and treatment because her moderate auditory hallucinations had relapsed. We administered an antipsychotic agent, perospirone, to treat her auditory hallucinations. The auditory hallucination disappeared, although the hyperemesis gravidarum persisted until childbirth. After childbirth, we discontinued treatment with perospirone, but her auditory hallucinations did not relapse. Conclusion: The auditory hallucinations may have occurred as a result of some complicated biological factors and psychosocial factors. Physicians should carefully consider some psychotic symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations, not only in the postpartum period but also throughout the course of pregnancy.