bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and Equestrian Empires in the Eastern Steppes: New Insights from a High-resolution Lake Core in Central Mongolia
Authors: Struck Julian , Bliedtner Marcel , Strobel Paul , Taylor William Timothy Treal , Biskop Sophie , Plessen Birgit , Klaes Björn , Bittner Lucas , Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan , Salazar Gary , Szidat Sönke , Brenning Alexander , Bazarradnaa Enkhtuya , Glaser Bruno , Zech Michael , Zech Roland 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The repeated expansion of East Asian steppe cultures was a key driver of Eurasian history, forging new social, economic, and biological links across the continent. Climate has been suggested as important driver of these poorly understood cultural expansions, but paleo-climate records from the Mongolian Plateau often suffer from poor age control or ambiguous proxy interpretation. Here, we use a combination of geochemical analyses and comprehensive radiocarbon dating to establish the first robust and detailed record of paleo-hydrological conditions for Lake Telmen, Mongolia, covering the past ~4000 years. Our record shows that humid conditions coincided with solar minima, and hydrological modelling confirms the high sensitivity of the lake to paleo-climate changes. Careful comparisons with archaeological and historical records suggest that in the vast semi-arid grasslands of eastern Eurasia, solar minima led to reduced temperatures, less evaporation, and high biomass production, expanding the power base for pastoral economies and horse cavalry. Our findings suggest a crucial link between temperature dynamics in the Eastern Steppe and key social developments, such as the emergence of pastoral empires, and fuel concerns that global warming enhances water scarcity in the semi-arid regions of interior Eurasia.
Development of a Clinical 3D Modeling Program to Guide Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery and Intervention
Authors: Ghosh Reena Maria , Jolley Matthew A , Mascio Christopher E , Chen Jonathan M , Fuller Stephanie , Rome Jonathan J , Silvestro Elizabeth , Whitehead Kevin K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background. Surgical and catheter-based interventions for congenital heart disease require precise understanding of complex anatomy. The use of three-dimensional (3D) visualization techniques to enhance visuospatial understanding has been well documented, but integration of these methods into routine clinical practice has not been well described. We report the growth and development of a clinical 3D modeling service to inform procedural planning within a high-volume pediatric heart center.Methods. Clinical 3D modeling was performed using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) or computed tomography (CT) derived data. Image segmentation and post-processing was performed using FDA-approved software. Patient-specific anatomy was visualized using 3D printed models, digital flat screen models and virtual reality. Surgical repair options were digitally designed using proprietary and open-source computer aided design (CAD) based modeling tools. Results. From 2018 to 2020 there were 112 individual 3D modeling cases performed, 16 for educational purposes and 96 clinically utilized for procedural planning. Over the 3-year period, demand for clinical modeling tripled and in 2020, 3D modeling was requested in more than one-quarter of STAT category 3, 4 and 5 cases. The most common indications for modeling were complex biventricular repair (n = 30, 31%) and repair of multiple ventricular septal defects (VSD) (n=11, 12%). Conclusions. Using a multidisciplinary approach, clinical application of 3D modeling can be seamlessly integrated into pre-procedural care for patients with congenital heart disease. Rapid expansion and increased demand for utilization of these tools within a high-volume center demonstrate the high value conferred on these techniques by surgeons and interventionalists alike.
Chondroitin Sulphate and Glucosamine Sulphate Synergistically Reduced DRG Proinflammatory Molecules and Improved Axonal Function in Sciatic Nerve Ligated Rats.
Authors: Owoyele Bamidele Victor , Olaseinde Olutayo Folajimi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a sickness of the somatosensory nervous system. It is linked to defective quality of life and often poorly managed. Due to the limited number of approved drugs, limited efficacy and side effects associated with them, drugs or drug combinations with great efficacy and very minimal or no side effects will be of great advantage in managing NP. This study aimed at investigating the synergistic antinociceptive effects of the combination of glucosamine sulphate (GS) (240mg/kg) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) (900mg/kg) in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathy in rat. Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly distributed into seven groups (n=6). Sciatic nerve was ligated with four loose ligatures to induce NP. Effects of drugs were examined on stimulus and non-stimulus evoked potentials, expression of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) pain modulators and structural architecture of DRG. Oral administration of GS and CS for 21 days reduced hyperalgesia, allodynia, sciatic nerve functional aberration and DRG pain modulators. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed restoration of structural integrity of DRG. Our result showed that the combination of GS and CS produced antinociceptive effects by attenuating hyperalgesia, allodynia and downregulation of NP mediators. GS and CS additionally produced synergistic analgesic effect than its individual components.
Analysis of Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters On Sugarcane Growth And Yield Parameters Under Wonji Shoa Climatic Condition
Authors: Negera Belay Yadeta , Ayana Mekonen , Yitayew Muluneh , Hordofa Tilahun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sugarcane is one of the important industrial crops produced all over the tropical areas. Sugarcane production is highly expanding in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, sugarcane is characterized by very high crop requirements. But sugarcane is produced mostly in Ethiopia using furrow irrigation methods in which more losses of irrigation water is most common due to many factors. Even if there are high losses of water in furrow irrigation, in which its performance influenced by many factors, to improve its performance or reduces the losses of irrigation water proper furrow irrigation decision variables combination is very important. In line with this the current study focused on three main furrow irrigation design parameters. The main purpose of the current study was to analyse effect of furrow irrigation design on sugarcane growth and yield parameters under Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate conditions. The field experiment was conducted using Split-split plot design with three factorial experiments replicated three times. All required data on growth and yield of sugarcane parameters were collected and analysed using SAS 9.4 version statistical software. The effect of furrow slope showed statistically significance variation at 5% significance on growth parameters (cane height, cane weight, cane diameter and number of cane internode per stalk), but non significance variation on yield components of sugarcane (moisture percent, dry substance, number of millable cane stalk and sugarcane yield). But the effect of furrow length showed statistically significance variation on almost all growth and yield parameters of sugarcane at 5% significance level except sugarcane yield. Finally, the effect of furrow discharge rate on all growth and yield parameters considered were showed statistically significance variation at 5% significance level except number of millable cane stalk. In general, the highest sugarcane yield was obtained from furrow slope three, furrow length three and furrow discharge rate as compared to the other factors level. Therefore, this result it can be recommended that slightly slope, longer furrow length and less properly applied discharge rate resulted in more yield of sugarcane.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Characteristics that Might be Related to Antibiotic Resistance of 112 Helicobacter Pylori Shanghai Isolates
Authors: Liu Yixin , Wang Su , Yang Feng , Chi Wenjing , Ding Li , Liu Tao , Zhu Feng , Ji Danian , Zhou Jun , Fang Yi , Zhang Jinghao , Xiang Ping , Zhang Yanmei , Zhao Hu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Shanghai, east China has one of the world’s highest burdens of Helicobacter pylori infection. While multidrug regimens can effectively eradicate H. pylori, antibiotic-resistant (AR) H. pylori has been recognized by the WHO as ‘high priority’ for urgent need of new therapies. Moreover, the genetic characteristics of H. pylori AR in Shanghai is under-reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistance prevalence, re-substantiate resistance-conferring mutations, and investigate novel genetic elements might be related to H. pylori AR.
Results

We performed a whole-genomic and phenotypic analysis of 112 H. pylori isolated from gastric biopsy specimens from a population with different gastric diseases and residing in Shanghai. No strains were resistant to amoxicillin. Levofloxacin, metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance was observed in 39, 73 and 18 isolates, respectively. There was no association between gastroscopy diagnosis and resistance phenotypes. We reported the presence or absence of several subsystem proteins including hopE, hofF, spaB, cagY and pflA, and a combination of CRISPRs, which were potentially correlated with resistance phenotypes. The H. pylori isolates were also annotated for AR genes to define a resistome containing 80 genes. A resistome-wide association study (RWAS) was performed for the three antibiotics by correlating the phenotypes with the variation data. The RWAS correctly identified the well-known intrinsic resistance associated mutations for levofloxacin (N87T/I and/or D91G/Y mutations in gyrA), metronidazole (I38V mutation in fdxB), and clarithromycin (A2143G and/or A2142G mutations in 23S rRNA), and added 174 novel variations, with 23 nsSNPs and 48 fsIndels significantly enriched in resistant or susceptible populations. The variant-level linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated a series of variations with strong co-occurring correlation with known mutations, and highlighted the underlying role of a protease Lon.
Conclusion

Our study indicated H. pylori isolates from Shanghai exhibit multidrug antibiotic resistance, and identified specific genomic characteristics in relation to H. pylori AR in Shanghai. Continued surveillance of H. pylori AR in Shanghai is warranted in order to establish appropriate eradication treatment regimens for this population.
Parallel m-Dimensional Relative Ant Colony Optimization (mDRACO) For the Costas-Array Problem
Authors: Vulakh David , Finkel Raphael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Costas-array problem is a combinatorial constraint-satisfaction problem (CSP) that remains unsolved for many array sizes greater than 30. In order to reduce the time required to solve large instances, we present an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm called m-Dimensional Relative Ant Colony Optimization (mDRACO) for combinatorial CSPs, focusing specifically on the Costas-array problem. This paper introduces the optimizations included in mDRACO, such as map-based association of pheromone with arbitrary-length component sequences and relative path storage. We assess the quality of the resulting mDRACO framework on the Costas-array problem by computing the efficiency of its processor utilization and comparing its run time to that of an ACO framework without the new optimizations. mDRACO gives promising results; it has efficiency greater than 0.5 and reduces time-to-first-solution for the m = 16 Costas-array problem by a factor of over 300.
Are We Aiming for Cure or Lifelong Treatment of Hypertension? All Doctors Need To Be Aware of Primary Aldosteronism. A Nationwide Study With Up To 8-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Gunnarsdóttir Hrafnhildur , Jonsdottir Gudbjorg , Birgisson Gudjon , Gudmundsson Jon , Sigurjonsdottir Helga Agusta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Long term follow-up studies on primary aldosteronism (PA) diagnosis, treatment response and comparison of the two major subgroups – unilateral (UD) and bilateral disease (BD) – are lacking. While adrenalectomy for UD is considered effective, less is known about long-term effects of specialized treatment for BD. We present the results from our nationwide observational study, executed at Landspitali University Hospital, tertiary referral center. We aim to review results of diagnostic procedures and histopathology for PA patients diagnosed in 2012-2016 in Iceland, compare UD and BD and assess treatment response.
Methods

A total of 32 PA patients aged 28-88 years were diagnosed and treated according to current guidelines. Adrenalectomy was used for AVS-confirmed UD and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for BD.
Results

The majority of patients had BD, roughly half of them had a unilateral nodule. With specialized treatment, a reduction was seen in UD and BD in systolic blood pressure (BP) (p<0,001, both groups), antihypertensive drug count (p=0,002 and p=0,04, respectively) and need for potassium supplementation (p<0,001, both groups). Diastolic BP decreased significantly in UD (p<0,001).
Conclusion

Our results show similarly good treatment response in both subgroups. Ratio of hypokalemia and number of cases indicates severe PA underdiagnosis in Iceland. Adrenal nodules diagnosed using CT can be misleading and AVS is mandatory in diagnosing unilateral vs bilateral PA.
FTO-Mediated N6-Methyladenosine Modification of KLF3 Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression
Authors: Shan Hong-Jian , Gu Wen-Xiang , Duan Gang , Zhu Zhi-Man , Chen Hong-Liang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most common and abundant methylation modification of eukaryotic mRNAs, which is involved in tumor initiation and progression. This study aims to explore the functional role and regulatory mechanism of FTO in osteosarcoma progression. In this study, we detected the expressions of KLF3 in OS cells and tissues by qRT-PCR and western blot, and found that the mRNA and protein expressions of KLF3 were increased in OS cells and tissues and significantly related to tumor size, metastasis, and TNM stage and poor prognosis of OS patients. FTO promoted the proliferation and invasion and suppressed apoptosis of OS cells through CCK-8, Transwell and apoptosis assays. Further mechanism dissection revealed that FTO and YTHDF2 enforced the decay of KLF3 mRNAs and decreased its expression. Knockdown of FTO led to elevate m6A and mRNA levels. FTO-mediated m6A modification regulated KLF3 expression in the YTHDF2-dependent manner. Moreover, KLF3 overexpression abrogated FTO-induced oncogenic effects on the proliferation and invasion of OS cells. Overall, our findings showed that FTO-mediated m6A modification of KLF3 promoted OS progression, which may provide a therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Study on the Interpretation Method of Low Resistivity Contrast Oil Reservoir Based on Support Vector Machine—Taking the Chang 8 Tight Sandstone Reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Huanxian Area, Ordos Basin as an Example
Authors: Bai Ze , Tan Maojin , Shi Yujiang , Guan Xingning 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Low resistivity contrast oil reservoirs are subtle reservoirs that have no obvious difference in physical and electrical properties from water layers. It is difficult to identify based on the characteristics of the geophysical well logging response. Especially in tight sandstone reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability, the log interpretation effect of low resistivity contrast oil layers is worse. In recent years, data mining technology has been increasingly applied in oil exploration and development, especially for some complex reservoirs with unclear logging response characteristics, and how to use data mining technology to effectively solve some complex problems is of great significance in oilfields. Therefore, support vector machine (SVM) technology was applied to interpret the low resistivity contrast oil layer in this paper. First, the input data sequences of logging curves were selected by analyzing the relationship between reservoir fluid types and logging data. Then, the SVM classification model for fluid identification and SVR regression model for reservoir parameter prediction were constructed. Finally, the two models were applied to the logging interpretation of the Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoir of the Yanchang Formation in the Huanxian area, Ordos Basin. The application results show that the fluid recognition accuracy of the SVM classification model is higher than that of the logging cross plot method and BP neural network method. The calculation accuracy of permeability and water saturation predicted by the SVR regression model is higher than that based on the experimental fitting model, which indicates that it is feasible to carry out logging interpretation and evaluation of the low resistivity contrast oil layer by the SVM method. The research results not only provide an important reference and basis for the review of old wells but also provide technical support for the exploration and development of new strata.
An Experimental Investigation on Micro Drilling of Cold Work Steel X153CrMoV12 By EDM
Authors: CERİTBİNMEZ FERHAT , Kanca Erdoğan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to analyze the effects of machining parameters on the process quality by drilling holes in heat treated cold work tool steel with a hardness of 60-62 HRC using the electrical discharge machining (EDM) method and Ø2 mm diameter brass electrodes. In this context, drilling was performed using three different current values ​​(5, 6, 7 A), three different voltage values ​​(1, 2, 3 V), three different discharge pulse frequency Ton (23, 26, 29 µs) as well as Toff (3, 5 µs) respectively, and the effects of these machining parameters on the machining time, material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), surface roughness (SR) and hardness of around the white layer were analyzed using micro, macro and analytical measurements, especially with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). As a result of the analysis, ıt was observed that current, voltage, Ton and Toff had an effect on machining time, MRR, EWR, SR and hardness, but current was the most effective parameter, and also worn electrode as well as workpiece residues affected the process quality. Increasing the machining current increased sparking between the workpiece and the electrode, resulting in increased point melting and evaporation, resulting in increased average surface roughness, metal removal rate, and electrode wear rate. As a result of the high metal removal rate, the machining time was greatly reduced and the thermal effect time was reduced, which led to a decrease in the hardness variation on the machined surfaces.
Multi-point Sources Continuous Release Inversion Based on Improved Four-Dimensional Variation Method
Authors: CHAOSHUAI HAN , Zhu Xuezheng , Gu Jin , Zuo Qinwen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
the continuous release of multi-point sources is one of the most common cases in the field of air pollution. In order to solve the problem of multi-point sources continuous release inversion, a source intensity and location estimation method based on improved Four-Dimensional Variation is proposed. Firstly, by constructing the diffusion equation of multi-point sources continuous release and the monitoring concentration matrix, the source term inversion model of multi-point sources continuous release is formed. Secondly, the joint transformation method and Taylor series upwind difference method are used to solve the convection-diffusion equation of multi-point sources continuous release, and the numerical solution format of the forward problem is formed through simulation analysis. Furthermore, based on the numerical solution scheme of the forward problem, a four-dimensional variation inversion algorithm for multi-point sources continuous release is constructed, and the flower pollination algorithm is used to improve the inversion accuracy and computational efficiency. Finally, the applicability, feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of the improved four-dimensional variation algorithm are verified by numerical simulation analysis. It is found that the improved four-dimensional variation algorithm can realize the source term inversion under three conditions: the location is known and the intensity is unknown, the intensity is known and the location is unknown, the intensity and the location are all unknown, which the accuracy and computational efficiency can basically meet the actual needs.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control in Rare Earth Cyamelurates Synthesis
Authors: Isbjakowa Albina S. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Tafeenko Victor A. , Aslanov Leonid A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
If various compounds exist in the metal cation – C6N7O33– – H2O system, the synthesis temperature can affect the isolation of a particular product. Low temperatures favor the release of metastable kinetic products, and high temperatures, on the contrary, of thermodynamic ones. It is found that several structural types exist in the row of rare-earth cyamelurates. Room temperature synthesis leads to the formation of [Ln(H2O)7C6N7O3] (Ln=Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er), an increase in temperature yields thermodynamically more stable [Ln(H2O)4C6N7O3]n·nH2O (Ln=Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) and [Ln(H2O)5C6N7O3]n (Ln = Pr, Nd). The change in the synthesis temperature did not affect the structures of Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy cyamelurates, as well as the structure of lanthanum cyamelurate [La(H2O)6C6N7O3]·H2O.In synthesized at increased temperature [Ln(H2O)4C6N7O3]n·nH2O and [Ln(H2O)5C6N7O3]n cyamelurates polymeric chains exist due to the fact that the cyamelurate anion acts as a bridging ligand. Kinetically trapped Y, Pr, Nd, Ho, Er cyamelurates, in contrast, consist of individual complex molecules [Ln(H2O)7C6N7O3]. Probably, steric difficulties caused a decrease in the coordination number of Y, Ho, Er from 9 to 8 in the thermodynamic product. The coordination number of Pr and Nd remains equal to 9 in both types of compounds.
Laying the foundations of meaningful community engagement in Aboriginal health research: Establishing a community reference group and terms of reference in a novel research field.
Authors: O'Brien Penny , Prehn Ryan , Rind Naz , Lin Ivan , Choong Peter FM , Bessarab Dawn , Coffin Juli , Mason Toni , Dowsey Michelle M , Bunzli Samantha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Fabrication and characterization of Cs2SnI6 perovskite films using SnI2 and I2 powders as reactants
Authors: Ullah Saad , Yang Peixin , Abbas Ghulam , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the recent years, cesium tin iodide (Cs2SnI6) double perovskite has emerged as a research hotspot in photovoltaics due to its exceptional stability and outstanding optoelectronic properties. In this work, we have utilized a reactant combination of SnI2 and I2 to prepare uniform Cs2SnI6 films via modified two-step process. The impact of the reaction conditions on the structural, morphological and optical properties is explored. It is found that optimizing the reaction conditions improves the phase stability and morphology of the films. The iodine-rich fabrication of the films ensued in enhanced PL and optical characteristics of the Cs2SnI6 with an optimal bandgap in the range of 1.21-1.34 eV. Additionally, we constructed all-inorganic photovoltaic devices FTO/TiO2/Cs2SnI6/Carbon utilizing optimized Cs2SnI6 films.