bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) from Cruciferous Vegetables Targets Human Cancer Stem‐Like Cells
Authors: Upadhyaya Bijaya , Liu Yi , Wang Dan , Knudsen David , Dey Moul 
Published: June 2021

ScopeCancer stem cells (CSC) are perceived as a key player in cancer chemo‐and‐radio‐therapy resistance, cancer recurrence, and metastasis. PEITC, a dietary bioactive compound, is pro‐apoptotic in various cancer cell lines and primary tumors but its effect on CSC is less known. Our objective was to examine the effects of PEITC on promoting apoptosis in human cervical HeLa CSC (hCSC) in vitro and on attenuation of tumorigenicity in hCSC‐transplanted mice. Methods and ResultsPEITC attenuated proliferation of sphere‐culture‐enriched (ANOVA, p蠄 0.001), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1)bright, CD44high⁄+/CD24low⁄–, Hoechst 33342‐excluded hCSC in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. PEITC up‐regulated cleaved poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (p蠄 0.05) and induced death receptors, DR4 (p蠄 0.01) and DR5 (p蠄 0.001), of tumor necrotic factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand signaling. In NOD/SCID mice, hCSC induced greater tumorogenicity, elevated serum human‐vascular endothelial growth factor A (ELISA), and lung metastasis (H&E staining) compared to HeLa cells, which were attenuated in 10 µM PEITC‐pretreated hCSC group. Ongoing experiments indicate that PEITC down‐regulates ALDH1 (p蠄 0.01) (flow cytometry) and specificity protein 1 (immunoblotting), a transcription factor regulating activity of several multi‐drug resistance genes. Conclusion and SignificancePEITC attenuates cell proliferation and tumorigenicity by promoting apoptosis in CSC. This presents a novel opportunity for a dietary approach for preventing cancer recurrence and improving therapeutic outcomes in patients.Research Support‐ NIH (R00AT4245) and SD‐AES (3AH360)
Use of the Automated Self‐administered 24‐hour Recall (ASA24) in the Real World
Authors: Subar Amy , Mittl Beth , Zimmerman Thea , Kirkpatrick Sharon , Schap TusaRebecca , Wilson Maggie , Potischman Nancy 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the use of NCI's ASA24 in real‐world studies.MethodsDescriptive statistics were generated to summarize usage characteristics across studies using 2014 versions of ASA24.ResultsSince Feb. 2014, 319 studies had registered to use ASA24, 10% of which requested ASA24‐Kids. The percentages of studies using the following setup options were: 88% ‐ allowed unscheduled logins; 60% ‐ completion of recalls from midnight‐to‐midnight vs. past 24‐hrs; 73% ‐ allowed multiple vs. single logins; 68% ‐ completion time restricted to 24 vs. 32 hrs. The percentages of studies including optional questions were: 49% ‐ dietary supplements; 82% ‐ location of meals; 46% ‐whom meals were eaten with; 45% ‐ use of TV/computer/mobile phone during meals; 35% ‐ source of foods consumed. Nearly all recalls were completed after a single login; mean times to complete recalls with and without supplement questions was 32 and 23 minutes, respectively. Mean number of foods and beverages reported/day was 13. Mean and median number of participants/study was 509 and 72, respectively (range: 1‐100,000); mean and median number of recalls per participant was 8 and 3, respectively (range 1‐335). Most researchers (90%) were affiliated with academic institutions or government agencies. About 37% of studies had research funding; 14% were NIH‐funded. Two‐thirds of studies are using ASA24 for epidemiologic, intervention or clinical research.ConclusionASA24 is being used by a diversity of researchers in a variety of ways to meet their research and teaching needs. Funding: NCI.
My People are Dying of Ignorance: Changes in Exclusive Breastfeeding Knowledge, Benefits, Barriers, and Misconceptions in Family Members Involved in a Breastfeeding Promotion Campaign
Authors: Reinsma Kathryn , Bolima Nancy , Fonteh Florence , Montgomery Susanne 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSince 2003, WHO has recommended exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. In the NW Region of Cameroon only 34% of women EBF for six months. Previous research indicates that family members positively influence women's breastfeeding practices, but are often excluded from breastfeeding promotion campaigns.Study ObjectiveTo design an Entertainment Education (EE) audio program to test the hypothesis that EE improves EBF knowledge, benefits, and decreases misconceptions and barriers among family members of breastfeeding women.MethodsFormative research consisting of 12 semi‐structured interviews and 6 focus group discussions informed the content of an EE audio program using grounded theory. Differences in EBF knowledge, benefits, barriers and misconceptions between and within the control group and the intervention group were evaluated using pre‐and post‐tests and analyzed with Wilcoxon Sign Test and Mann‐Whitney statistical tests.ResultsThe audio program significantly improved overall EBF knowledge and benefits and decreased misconceptions within the intervention group (p <. 05).ConclusionThis study provided insight into family member's EBF knowledge, benefits, barriers, and false misconceptions and proved that an EE audio program is an effective method of providing breastfeeding education to this population.
Relationships Between Fluid Intake, Breast Milk Volume, and Urine Volume in Lactating Women
Authors: McKenzie Amy , Perrier Erica , Jimenez Liliana , Armstrong Lawrence 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a relationship existed between total fluid intake (TFI; volume of fluids consumed from drinking water and other beverages) and breast milk volume (BMvol) in lactating women, with follow up evaluations of urine volume (Uvol), urine concentration, and total fluid output (TFO; Uvol+BMvol).MethodsEighteen lactating women (3.3±0.7 weeks postpartum, 31±3y, 1.66±0.07m, 72.06±17.26kg) recorded TFI and BMvol (estimated by measuring body mass of newborn immediately before and after nursing at each feeding) for 24h. Women also collected their urine for measurement of 24h Uvol and osmolality (Uosm).ResultsNo significant relationship existed between TFI and BMvol (r2=0.0235, p=0.544); however, there was a significant relationship between TFI and Uvol (r2=0.5006, p=0.001) and TFI and TFO (r2=0.4857, p=0.001). Those who did not meet the European Food Safety Authority reference value for TFI (2.16L/d) had higher 24h Uosm (621±60 vs. 445±68 mOsm·kg‐1, p=0.069) and lower 24h Uvol (1.646±0.243 vs 2.352±0.331 L, p=0.1046).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that in lactating women, there is no relationship between TFI and BMvol, indicating that BMvol is defended over a wide range of TFI (1.212‐3.998L). However, this defense of BMvol may come at the expense of lower Uvol and higher Uosm for the mother.Supported by Danone Research.
Nuclear Localization of β‐catenin Associates EMT with Aggressive Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Holthoff E , Jeffus S , Kelly T , Quick C , Post S 
Published: June 2021

Nuclear localization of β‐catenin in epithelial cells characterizes the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is associated with tumor progression in numerous malignancies. Factors that contribute to aggressive behavior in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) are poorly defined; however, studies have shown that vSCC with an infiltrative pattern of invasion are associated with worse outcomes compared to those with nested/pushing patterns of invasion. This study proposes that infiltrative vSCC may acquire increased aggressive behavior through EMT‐like changes reflected by nuclear localization of β‐catenin.Immunostaining patterns of β‐catenin were analyzed in 30 cases of vSCC: 10 cases with infiltrative pattern of invasion, 10 with nested/pushing pattern of invasion, and 10 with a “mixed” invasive pattern. Stained tumor sections were analyzed for nuclear localization or membranous staining of β‐catenin. A staining pattern was defined as predominant when present in >75% of tumor cells.Predominant nuclear localization of β‐catenin was observed in 8 (80%) of the infiltrative tumors, compared to only 3 (30%) of the pushing/nested tumors. In contrast, membranous staining predominated in 5 (50%) of the nested/pushing tumors compared to only 1 (10%) of the infiltrative tumors. Both membranous staining and nuclear localization of β‐catenin was observed in 7 (70%) of the mixed tumors. Importantly, in 6 of the 7 mixed tumors (85%), β‐catenin showed membranous staining in the pushing regions and nuclear localization in the infiltrative regions.Our results show that nuclear localization of β‐catenin is highly associated with an infiltrative pattern of invasion in vSCC, suggesting that development of an epithelial‐mesenchymal transition drives the more aggressive behavior in this subset of tumors.
The Pathogenesis of Familial Dysautonomia is Explained by Abnormal Elp1‐dependent Retrograde Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Signaling
Authors: Tourtellotte Warren 
Published: June 2021

Familial Dysautonomia (FD; Riley‐Day Syndrome; HSAN3) is characterized by debilitating sensory and sympathetic neuropathy. It is caused by a germline mutation of the Elp1 gene that leads to mis‐splicing and loss of Elp1 protein primarily in sympathetic and sensory neurons. How Elp1 functions in the pathogenesis of FD in developing and adult disease‐vulnerable neurons is not known.We generated conditional knockout mice with Elp1 ablated specifically in sympathetic neurons and found that they have increased sympathetic neuron apoptosis, target tissue innervation abnormalities and dysautonomia similar to humans with FD. Sympathetic neurons isolated from Elp1‐deficient mice showed no abnormalities in their survival when they were completely immersed in medium containing NGF, a neurotrophic factor that is required for their survival and differentiation. By contrast, when sympathetic neurons were grown in partitioned cultures with NGF present only in the distal axon compartment to emulate the way NGF is acquired from peripheral target tissues in vivo, Elp1‐deficient neurons were found to have profound abnormalities in survival and axon outgrowth compared to wild type neurons. Thus, retrograde NGF signaling in sympathetic neurons is dependent on Elp1, and abnormalities in retrograde signaling explain the poor sympathetic neuron survival, abnormal target tissue innervation and resulting dysautonomia in patients with FD. Future studies to define how Elp1 regulates NGF retrograde transport and signaling may make it possible to target new signaling pathways for treating FD and other autonomic neuropathies for which no effective therapies currently exist (Support: NIH NICHD and OD).
Team‐based Learning in Gross Anatomy Improves Academic Performance and Perceptions of Teamwork
Authors: Killins Anita , Huitt Tiffany 
Published: June 2021

As healthcare becomes more interdisciplinary in patient care, it is essential for students to master group problem solving and develop an appreciation for team collaboration. Team‐based learning (TBL) is a student centered teaching method that fosters high‐level cognitive learning and collaborative group dynamics. The study objective was to determine the effect of TBL in a gross anatomy laboratory on academic performance, quality of learning in team interactions, and student perceptions of teamwork.Subjects were Doctor of Physical Therapy students at the University of Central Arkansas from 2010‐2013. The comparison group (n=102) received a traditional cadaveric gross anatomy lab. The experimental group (n=109) received a TBL hybrid approach wherein students alternated between traditional cadaveric dissections and TBL learning modules. We compared examination scores, overall course grades and survey data between groups.The experimental group scored significantly higher on 3 of 4 written exams (p=0.014, p=0.015, p=0.001) and the overall course average (p=0.048). All students had positive attitudes towards the TBL method. The experimental group significantly rated perceptions of collaborating with peers as both positive (p<0.000) and necessary (p<0.000) and felt problem solving in a group was effective for learning (p<0.000). Also, the experimental group experienced growth throughout the course, improving their perceptions of teamwork as necessary for student success (p<0.000).Our results support the implementation of TBL in the gross anatomy lab as an effective method for improving academic performance and developing positive attitudes toward interprofessional communication and teamwork.
Effects of a community based weight loss intervention in rural New York: A pilot study
Authors: Chakraborty Priyanka , Gran‐Henriksen Jorunn , Gleeson‐Kreig JoAnn 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this longitudinal study is to evaluate the outcomes of a weight loss intervention in a rural community wellness center.METHODS: This six month (Oct'13‐ April'14) community based weight loss program was coordinated by the Plattsburgh City Recreation Department and SUNY Plattsburgh. Nineteen overweight adults (18 female, 1 male) aged 18 to 60 years (43.7 ± 12.2 years) residing in Clinton County, NY were recruited through local advertisements. Participants were charged a one time @100 fee. The program comprised twice‐weekly group exercise and bi‐monthly nutrition education classes. Paired samples t‐test and McNemer tests were performed to examine the pre‐post program outcomes.RESULTS: Individuals completing the program averaged a weight loss of 29.2 ± 22.5 pounds and inches loss of 22.04 ± 12.2. Significant reduction in BMI (3.4 ± 2.2, p < 0.001), % body fat (3.4 ± 2.3, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (11.3 ± 13.6, p < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (7.75 ± 8.3, p < 0.05) and total cholesterol (20.33 ± 33.1, p < 0.10) were observed at 6 months. Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension reduced from 80% to 46% (n =11, McNemar test: NS). Although not statistically significant, fasting lipids and blood glucose improved regardless of age. While there was no significant change in diet, consumption of roots and tubers decreased significantly.CONCLUSIONOur program results indicate that participants who complete a self‐paid, structured rural community‐based weight loss program can achieve significant weight loss with improvement in cardiovascular risk factors regardless of age.Funding: Presidential Research Award, SUNY Plattsburgh
Association between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Results from the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Tabung Fred , Steck Susan , Liese Angela , Zhang Jiajia , Ma Yunsheng , Caan Bette , Chlebowski Rowan , Freudenheim Jo , Hou Lifang , Mossavar‐Rahmani Yasmin , Shivappa Nitin , Vitolins Mara , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Ockene Judith , Hebert James 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of invasive breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women.MethodsThe DII was calculated from a baseline food frequency questionnaire administered to 117,510 women at risk of BC in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study and Clinical Trials, among whom 5,889 later developed BC and 406 died during an average of 12.3 years follow‐up. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CI by DII tertiles for invasive BC and its subtypes, and for BC mortality. The lowest tertile (representing the most anti‐inflammatory diet) was the referent.ResultsThe DII was not associated with incident BC overall, but was positively associated with risk of HER2+ BC (HRT3vsT1, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.06, 1.61;Ptrend=0.01). We observed a higher risk for BC mortality with intake of more pro‐inflammatory diets, controlling for age and total energy intake (HRT3vsT1, 1.48; 95%CI, 1.15, 1.91;Ptrend, 0.002), which was attenuated in fully‐adjusted models (HRT3vsT1, 1.30; 95%CI, 0.99, 1.71;Ptrend, 0.04).ConclusionFuture research is needed to confirm these differential findings by BC subtype and to examine whether reducing dietary inflammatory potential may improve BC survival. Funding: Prevent Cancer Foundation grant to SES & JZ, NCI grants to FKT & JRH. NHLBI funded the WHI.
Is Brand Visibility on Snacks Affecting Their Consumption in Children? Results from an Experimental Ad‐Libitum Study
Authors: Gregori Dario , Lorenzoni Giulia , Ballali Simonetta , Vecchio Maria Gabriella , Verduci Elvira , Berchialla Paola 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the effects of the brand (displayed on the food package and on TV advertising) when snacking in children 6‐11 years old.Design3x2 factorial design.Setting96 children were randomized based on their brand awareness scores, assessed using the IBAI instrument and conducted over two experimental sessions. First, 11 snacks were presented half laying on their own branded packages, whilst the other half unbranded. In a second afternoon break, in a different day, the condition of branded/unbranded was crossed‐over. Children were moreover randomized in three groups based on combinations of concomitant TV and advertising exposure.Main Outcome Measure: Caloric intake (Kcal) of snacks eaten during sessions.AnalysisMultivariable linear model adjusting for eating habits and SES.ResultsNo significant differences in energy intake were recorded according to brand visibility, both in high and low‐brand ware children. Exposure to TV and advertising, showed no significant association with energy intake in different groups and with the probability of being a high consumer (defined as the top quartile in caloric consumption).Conclusions and implicationsThe present study suggest that brand visibility is not promoting a higher caloric intake in 6‐11 years old children during a snacking occasion.
Iodized Salt Sales in the United States
Authors: Maalouf Joyce , Barron Jessica , Gunn Janelle , Yuan Keming , Perrine Cria , Cogswell Mary 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesIdentify iodized table salt sales as a percentage of all table salt sales at the retail level in the United States.MethodsNielsen Scan track (New York, NY) 2009 data was used to identify salt products sold in the United States. Nielsen collects information from a stratified probability sample of chain and large independent grocery stores. Sales data are aggregated and not linked to individuals. Two grocery modules that included salt products were identified. Following a standard search protocol, two dietitians categorized the salt products as iodized or non‐iodized using product descriptions. More details related to the ingredients and label were obtained using the manufacturer and other websites.ResultsA total of 1117 salt products were identified, of which 701 were salt blends (e.g., garlic salt) comprising 16% of the sales volume of the total salt products. Of the remaining 416 salt products, 57 were iodized based on available label information. When weighted by sales volume (in ounces or each sold), 53% of salt sold (excluding salt blends) was iodized. Of the 47% of non‐iodized salt sold, about 68% was regular salt, 19% Kosher salt, and 12% sea salt.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the proportion of iodized and non‐iodized salt sales at the retail level in the United States. Sales data from Nielsen ScanTrack do not include warehouse stores (e.g. Walmart and Costco), retailers with sales less than @2 million, or non‐UPC coded products and not all places where salt can be purchased were tracked. These findings may provide a baseline for future monitoring of sales of iodized salt.
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index is an Independent Risk Factor for Pregnancy Complications and Poor Birth Outcomes
Authors: Shin Dayeon , Song Won 
Published: June 2021

Pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes represent public health burden with serious consequences to both mothers and infants. Public health burdens can be reduced by achieving gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines, which are dependent on prepregnant weight status (ppg‐BMI). We examined if ppg‐BMI alone is a risk factor for gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and birth of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infants. Included in this study are the data of 219,868 women from 2004‐2011 PRAMS which were from the state birth certificate file plus self‐administered questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine if ppg‐BMI was associated with pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes after controlling for gestational weight gain, maternal age, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, gestational age at birth, participation in WIC, and smoking during pregnancy.The IOM's GWG guidelines were achieved inadequate, adequate and excessive by 23%, 29% and 48%, respectively. Even after GWG was controlled, compared to normal ppg‐BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) group, women with obese ppg‐BMI (蠅30 kg/m2) had increased adjusted odds ratio (AOR; 95% CI) of gestational hypertension (2.91; 2.76–3.07), gestational diabetes (2.78; 2.60–2.96), and LGA infants (1.87; 1.76–1.99), whereas underweight ppg‐BMI group (<18.5 kg/m2) had increased odds of preterm labor (1.25; 1.16–1.36) and SGA infants (1.36; 1.25–1.49), but decreased odds of LGA infants (0.72; 0.61–0.85).Preconception care of reproductive aged women is as important as prenatal care during pregnancy to lower the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes.
High School Nutrition Policy: Case Study of Intended and Unintended Consequences
Authors: Metos Julie , Owen Rebecca , Utz Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThere is a fundamental gap in understanding how policies of the past decade influence high school nutrition environments and how youths' obesogenic behaviors change in response to policy interventions. The purpose of this study was to understand the consequences of recent school nutrition policies on purchasing habits of high school students.MethodsA retrospective evaluation (2004‐2014) of high school meal program participation and competitive food sales was conducted using administrative data from a large urban school district in which local, state and federal wellness initiatives have been implemented during the past decade.ResultsSchool meal participation, adjusted for enrollment and price, did not change significantly immediately following local, state and federal wellness policies implemented in 2004 and 2006. Vending sales increased 12% during the same time period. Revisions to meal offerings in accordance to the Healthy and Hunger Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHFKA) resulted in a 7% decrease in meal participation and a 14% increase in vending sales in 2012‐13. A la carte sales decreased each year from 2007‐2010 until discontinued in 2011. To date, 2014‐15 data suggests stabilization of both vending revenues and meal participation following implementation of regulations requiring healthier competitive food offerings.ConclusionThis case study suggests incremental school nutrition policies shift adolescent food behaviors towards less healthful options and this trend is reversed when all food and beverage options are regulated.Funding provided by the University of Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Research