bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE SIZE BY HYPERTRANSMISSION SIGNAL ON SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Louzada Ricardo N. , Ferrara Daniela , Moult Eric M. , Fujimoto James G. , Abu-Qamar Omar , Duker Jay S. , Alves Milton R. , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To assess the full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) size using the choroidal hypertransmission signal on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to compare this method to the standard aperture measurement of the minimum aperture size at the level of the neurosensory retina.

Design:
Cross-sectional study of retrospective data.

Methods:
Eyes with FTMH imaged on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were included. Two independent masked graders used the device's built-in caliper tool to measure the FTMH minimum aperture size at the level of the neurosensory retina and the size of the corresponding hypertransmission signal below the level of the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch membrane complex. To assess the reproducibility of the hypertransmission measurement in tilted scans, two measurements were obtained and compared; the first was traced parallel to the retinal pigment epithelium (parallel hypertransmission), and the second was horizontal to the image frame (horizontal hypertransmission), both using Image J software.

Results:
A total of 31 eyes were enrolled. The mean FTMH minimum aperture size was smaller compared with both the choroidal parallel hypertransmission and horizontal hypertransmission measurements (mean ± SD: 335.7 ± 139.5 µm, 376.7 ± 150.6 µm, 375.1 ± 150.0 µm, respectively. P < 0.001 for both comparisons).

Conclusion:
The proposed hypertransmission measurement is a feasible and reproducible alternative to assess FTMH size and could provide the basis for an automated FTMH measurement on cross-sectional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans, as presented in this study, or on the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography volumetric data set by using an en face projection.
Outcomes After Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children Living With HIV in Latin America
Authors: Somerville Kayla , Jenkins Cathy A. , Carlucci James G. , Person Anna K. , Machado Daisy M. , Luque Marco T. , Pinto Jorge A. , Rouzier Vanessa , Friedman Ruth K. , McGowan Catherine C. , Shepherd Bryan E. , Rebeiro Peter F. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Little is known about the long-term outcomes of children living with HIV in Latin America. Few studies have examined antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen switches in the years after the introduction of ART in this population. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes among children who started second-line ART in the Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology.

Methods:
Children (<18 years old) with HIV who switched to second-line ART at sites within Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology were included. The cumulative incidence and relative hazards of virologic failure while on second-line ART, loss to follow-up, additional major ART regimen changes, and all-cause mortality were evaluated using competing risks methods and Cox models.

Results:
A total of 672 children starting second-line ART were included. Three years after starting second-line ART, the cumulative incidence of death was 0.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.13], loss to follow-up was 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.17), and major regimen change was 0.19 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.22). Of those changing regimens, 35% were due to failure and 11% due to toxicities/side effects. Among the 312 children with viral load data, the cumulative incidence of virologic failure at 3 years was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.56 to 0.68); time to virologic failure and regimen change were uncorrelated (rank correlation −0.001; 95% CI −0.18 to 0.17).

Conclusions:
Poor outcomes after starting second-line ART in Latin America were common. The high incidence of virologic failure and its poor correlation with changing regimens was particularly worrisome. Additional efforts are needed to ensure children receive optimal ART regimens.
Temporal Variation in One-Time Partnership Rates Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women
Authors: Janulis Patrick , Goodreau Steven M. , Birkett Michelle , Phillips Gregory , Morris Martina , Mustanski Brian , Jenness Samuel M. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Volatility in sexual contact rates has been recognized as an important factor influencing HIV transmission dynamics. One-time partnerships may be particularly important given the potential to quickly accumulate large number of contacts. Yet, empirical data documenting individual variation in contact rates remain rare. This study provides much needed data on temporal variation in one-time partners to better understand behavioral dynamics and improve the accuracy of transmission models.

Methods:
Data for this study were obtained from a longitudinal cohort study of young men who have sex with men and transgender women in Chicago. Participants provided sexual network data every 6 months for 2 years. A series of random effects models examined variation in one-time partnership rates and disaggregated within and between associations of exposure variables. Exposure variables included prior number of one-time partners, number of casual partners, and having a main partner.

Results:
Results indicated substantial between-person and within-person variation in one-time partners. Casual partnerships were positively associated and main partnerships negatively associated with one-time partnership rates. There remained a small positive association between prior one-time partnerships and the current number of one-time partnerships.

Conclusions:
Despite the preponderance of a low number of one-time partners, substantial variation in one-time partnership rates exists among young men who have sex with men and transgender women. Accordingly, focusing on high contact rate individuals alone may be insufficient to identify periods of highest risk. Future studies should use these estimates to more accurately model how volatility impacts HIV transmission and better understand how this variation influences intervention effectiveness.
Inferior Colliculus’s Hypermetabolism
Authors: Chammas Agathe , Namer Izzie Jacques , Lersy François , Kremer Stéphane , Bund Caroline 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present the case of a 64-year-old man presenting an episode of confusion during SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection with a positive oropharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test. He was hospitalized for dyspnea related to pneumonia demonstrated on chest CT. FDG PET performed after the confusion phase, but still in the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019)–positive phase, showed high glucose metabolism of the inferior colliculi. Morphological MRI was normal. The first-pass perfusion MRI shows hyperperfusion of the inferior colliculi, corresponding to FDG PET hypermetabolism.
Cost Analysis and National Trends in the Treatment of Thumb Basal Arthritis
Authors: Jain Abhishek , Herrera Fernando A. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Thumb basal arthritis (TBA) is a common form of arthritis characterized by wearing away of cartilage in the crarpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb. The purpose of the study was to analyze cost trends of the 2 common surgical treatments options: ligament reconstruction/tendon interposition (LRTI) and trapeziectomy/hematoma distraction arthroplasty (THDA).

Methods
The Vizient Clinical Data/Resource Manager electronic database was reviewed for the 3 treatment procedures of TBA from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. Cases were placed into 1 of 2 categories: LRTI or THDA. Total and direct costs were averaged and compared nationally and regionally. One-tailed t test and Pearson correlation analyses were performed (P < 0.05 and r > 0.9 or r < −0.9 was considered significant).

Results
A total of 28,887 total cases (26,405 LRTI, 2482 THDA) were analyzed. There was a 49% increase in number of surgical procedures to treat TBA between 2015 and 2018. Ligament reconstruction/tendon interposition (91%) had larger market share than THDA (9%). However, market share percentage of each procedure stayed the same over time. Trapeziectomy/hematoma distraction arthroplasty had lower average cost (US $4157) compared with that of LRTI (US $4446, P = 0.06) However, THDA had a significant positive trend in cost, increasing 14% in 4 years. In 2019, 30% of procedures performed were in the Midwestern United States, 27% Northeastern United States, 24% Southern United States, and 19% Western United States.

Conclusions
Most patients with TBA seem to be treated with LRTI. The market share seems to be greatest for LRTI and lowest for THDA nationally and regionally. Although the average cost for THDA was less than that of LRTI, this difference was not significant.
State of the Art Care in Computer-Assisted Facial Prosthetic Rehabilitation
Authors: Seelaus Rosemary , Arias Eduardo , Morris David , Cohen Mimis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Autologous reconstruction for major facial defects is primarily considered for patient's lifetime care. There are situations, however, when autologous reconstruction is not ideal or feasible, and prosthetic reconstruction is necessary to reconstruct missing anatomy or to complement surgical reconstruction. The history of facial prosthetic reconstruction can be traced for millennia. At our craniofacial center, craniomaxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation has been incorporated in the care provided to our patients since the center's inception, more than 70 years ago.
The purpose of this review is to present the evolution of our current thinking based on our long experience since the implementation of computer-assistive technologies over 15 years ago, to further improve our patients’ overall rehabilitation.
These applications include all stages of prosthetic care from planning, design through device delivery, and for lifetime maintenance. The collaboration among surgeons and anaplastologists is fundamental to achieving optimal patient outcomes and in the success of our technology-based practice. Such collaboration starts with the patient's decision to proceed with prosthetic rehabilitation and continues with postoperative care and lifetime management of the patient's prosthetic device and prosthesis-bearing soft tissue.
Although computer-assistive techniques often represent a substantial financial investment, the benefits of using them demonstrate clear advantages to both the clinician and patient. These benefits include: Improved predictability of outcomes, surgeon preparedness, reduction in operating room time, reduction in overall treatment times, improved precision and anatomical accuracy, improved treatment efficiencies, and overall treatment experience, particularly for those patients traveling great distances for access to care.
Representative examples will be presented.
Outcome Assessment for Surgical Reconstruction of Mandibular Continuity Defects
Authors: AL-Anee Auday M. , Al-Jarsha Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mandibular continuity defects are associated with multiple functional and esthetic problems. Nonvascularized bone grafting is one of several surgical corrective techniques for such defects with good success predictability. This retrospective clinical study reviewed the outcome of this technique when applied in its 2 protocol variations while minimizing the effect of as many confounding factors as possible through the application of strict eligibility criteria. The surgical records of 16 patients constituted the final sample: 10 patients in the one-stage and 6 patients in the two-stage reconstruction groups. It was found that mandibular reconstruction with nonvascularized bone graft is a good first option as well as a viable alternative in the absence of free flap procedure facilities. Patients’ initial expectations should be a crucial factor in deciding the appropriate surgical treatment protocol form the early planning stage. Standardizing success parameters in such cases could further improve objectivity and allow for multi-center research data pooling with reduced effect of heterogeneity featuring these complex injuries.
The Effects of Septorhinoplasty Techniques and Poly-P-Dioxanone Plate Use on Maxillofacial Growth: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ugurlu Burak Numan , Celik Hatice , Aslan Felek Sevim , Aktar Ugurlu Gulay , Ciledag Nazan , Kaygusuz Hidir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since the septum plays a key role in maxillofacial growth, the effect of septorhinoplasty maneuvers and the use of poly-p-dioxanone plate during growth on maxillofacial growth was investigated in our study. Thirty-three New Zealand rabbits each with an age of 8 weeks were included in the study. Maxillofacial computed tomography was performed on all 8-weeks old rabbits. Then, the rabbits were divided into 5 groups randomly. No intervention was done on the rabbits in group 1. Nasal dorsum of the rabbits in the 2nd group were opened, and the mucosae were bilaterally elevated. In the third group underwent limited cartilage resection by preserving the nasal dorsum. Removed cartilage was crushed and placed back between the mucoperichondrial flaps for the rabbits in the 4th group. Crushed cartilage with Poly-P-Dioxanone plate was used for the rabbits in the 5th Group. Maxillofacial computed tomography was performed at the end of the 20th week and growth parameters were investigated. When the group 2 was compared with the control group, the nasal bone length was observed to be significantly shorter (P < 0.05). Group 5 compared with group 4, incisive bone volume remained significantly low (P < 0.05) and malocclusion developed. Nasal bone length was affected negatively in the group that underwent osteotomy and mucosa elevation. Although positive results related to poly-p-dioxanone plate use have been reported for adults, incisive bone development retarded in noses that had not yet reached adult size in our study and the maxillofacial development was affected adversely.
Risk Prediction for Delayed Allograft Function: Analysis of the Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function (DeKAF) Study Data
Authors: Matas Arthur J. , Helgeson Erika , Fieberg Ann , Leduc Robert , Gaston Robert S. , Kasiske Bertram L. , Rush David , Hunsicker Lawrence , Cosio Fernando , Grande Joseph P. , Cecka J. Michael , Connett John , Mannon Roslyn B. 
Published: March 2021

Background.
Delayed graft function (DGF) of a kidney transplant results in increased cost and complexity of management. For clinical care or a DGF trial, it would be ideal to accurately predict individual DGF risk and provide preemptive treatment. A calculator developed by Irish et al has been useful for predicting population but not individual risk.

Methods.
We analyzed the Irish calculator (IC) in the DeKAF prospective cohort (incidence of DGF = 20.4%) and investigated potential improvements.

Results.
We found that the predictive performance of the calculator in those meeting Irish inclusion criteria was comparable with that reported by Irish et al. For cohorts excluded by Irish: (a) in pump-perfused kidneys, the IC overestimated DGF risk; (b) in simultaneous pancreas kidney transplants, the DGF risk was exceptionally low. For all 3 cohorts, there was considerable overlap in IC scores between those with and those without DGF. Using a modified definition of DGF—excluding those with single dialysis in the first 24 h posttransplant—we found that the calculator had similar performance as with the traditional DGF definition. Studying whether DGF prediction could be improved, we found that recipient cardiovascular disease was strongly associated with DGF even after accounting for IC-predicted risk.

Conclusions.
The IC can be a useful population guide for predicting DGF in the population for which it was intended but has limited scope in expanded populations (SPK, pump) and for individual risk prediction. DGF risk prediction can be improved by inclusion of recipient cardiovascular disease.
High-Throughput and High-Dimensional Single Cell Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD8+T cells
Authors: Ma Ke-Yue , Schonnesen Alexandra A. , He Chenfeng , Xia Amanda Y. , Sun Eric , Chen Eunise , Sebastian Katherine R , Balderas Robert , Kulkarni-Date Mrinalini , Jiang Ning 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough critical to T cell function, antigen specificity is often omitted in high-throughput multi-omics based T cell profiling due to technical challenges. We describe a high-dimensional, tetramer-associated T cell receptor sequencing (TetTCR-SeqHD) method to simultaneously profile TCR sequences, cognate antigen specificities, targeted gene-expression, and surface-protein expression from tens of thousands of single cells. Using polyclonal CD8+T cells with known antigen specificity and TCR sequences, we demonstrated over 98% precision for detecting the correct antigen specificity. We also evaluated gene-expression and phenotypic differences among antigen-specific CD8+T cells and characterized phenotype signatures of influenza- and EBV-specific CD8+T cells that are unique to their pathogen targets. Moreover, with the high-throughput capacity of profiling hundreds of antigens simultaneously, we applied TetTCR-SeqHD to identify antigens that preferentially enrich cognate CD8+T cells in type 1 diabetes patients compared to healthy controls, and discovered a TCR that cross reacts between diabetic and microbiome antigens. TetTCR-SeqHD is a powerful approach for profiling T cell responses.
ChromeBat: A Bio-Inspired Approach to 3D Genome Reconstruction
Authors: Collins Brandon , Brown Philip N. , Oluwadare Oluwatosin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the advent of Next Generation Sequencing and the Hi-C experiment, high quality genome-wide contact data is becoming increasingly available. This data represents an empirical measure of how a genome interacts inside the nucleus. Genome conformation is of particular interest as it has been experimentally shown to be a driving force for many genomic functions from regulation to transcription. Thus, the Three Dimensional Genome Reconstruction Problem seeks to take Hi-C data and produce the complete physical genome structure as it appears in the nucleus for genomic analysis.ResultsWe propose and develop a novel method to solve the Chromosome and Genome Reconstruction problem based on the Bat Algorithm which we called ChromeBat. We demonstrate on real Hi-C data that ChromeBat is capable of state of the art performance. Additionally, the domain of Genome Reconstruction has been criticized for lacking algorithmic diversity, and the bio-inspired nature of ChromeBat contributes algorithmic diversity to the problem domain.ConclusionsChromeBat is an effective approach at solving the Genome Reconstruction Problem. The source code and usage guide can be found here:https://github.com/OluwadareLab/ChromeBat.
Exploring the impact of an economic‐centric approach to evaluating cultural activities: Evidence from a regional music festival
Authors: Safari Dominik , Glow Hilary , Noblet Andrew , Pyman Amanda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the numerous benefits associated with state‐funded festivals, little is known about how New Public Management ideals (e.g. emphasis on economic returns, short‐term funding cycles) influence the extent to which these events can create value across social, cultural, and economic dimensions. Drawing on recent theoretical advancements around ecology of culture, we used a single‐case study design that included an embedded sub‐case to examine how value is assessed in an Australian‐based regional music festival and the implications for generating economic (e.g. ticket sales), social (e.g. sense of belonging), and cultural value (e.g. revitalising local traditions). The findings suggest that although prioritising economic value ahead of social and cultural outcomes can ultimately prove counterproductive, the experiences of those involved in the sub‐case indicate that a more holistic approach to festival self‐assessment can strengthen social, cultural, and economic outcomes and enhance the functioning of the sub‐case. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications, particularly in terms of reinforcing key elements of the ecosystem framework and helping to identify the ways in which festival ecosystems can be supported to enhance value creation.
Drug‐ and alcohol‐related emergency department patient presentations during the 2018 Commonwealth Games: A multi‐site retrospective analysis
Authors: Delany Catherine , Crilly Julia , Ranse Jamie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of the 2018 Commonwealth Games on ED patient presentations related to drug(s) and/or alcohol.MethodsRetrospective observational study comparing ED patient presentations made pre, during and post the 2018 Commonwealth Games with either an International Classification of Diseases‐10 diagnosis or presenting complaint related to drug and or alcohol misuse.ResultsDrug‐ and alcohol‐related presentations accounted for 5% (n = 890) of all ED presentations across the 36‐day study period with no significant difference between pre (n = 312), during (n = 301) and post (n = 277) periods (P = 0.2). Overall, drug‐ and alcohol‐related patient presentations made to the EDs tended to be young (median age 35 years, interquartile range 24–48), Australian (n = 820, 92%) and male (n = 493, 55%). The majority arrived by ambulance (n = 650, 73%), were allocated an Australasian Triage Scale category of 3 (n = 505, 57%), and arrived between 15.00 and 22.59 hours (n = 365, 41%). No demographic characteristics, ED characteristics or outcomes differed significantly over time.ConclusionsDuring the 2018 Commonwealth Games, minimal impact on the ED was noted pertaining to drug and alcohol misuse. Further research is required to understand whether this held true for other types of ED presentations and during other types and locations of mass gathering events.
Long‐term outcomes of microwave ablation for secondary hyperparathyroidism in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Wang Kai , Gao Zhanhui , Liu Sijia , Xiao Leijuan , Yao Zhiyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicrowave ablation has been increasingly used to secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. However, the current data are inconclusive. This study was to assess the long‐term outcomes of microwave ablation on SHPT. We enrolled 53 SHPT patients who underwent microwave ablation. Primary outcome measures were the rate of achieving recommended goal for iPTH and the events of all‐cause death during the follow‐up period. Survival analysis was performed to assess the long‐term prognosis. During follow‐up period of 42.4 ± 15.6 months (range, 12–70 months), there were 12 all‐cause deaths, and the cumulative proportion surviving was 0.74. The rates of achieving the recommended goal for iPTH were 62.3% at 1 month, 57.7% at 6 months, 51.0% at 12 months, 62.5% at 24 months, and 68.8% at 36 months, respectively. Microwave ablation produces a lasting resolution of secondary hyperparathyroidism in about 60% of patients with maintenance hemodialysis. The characteristics of patients suitable for microwave ablation should be clarified in the future.