bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CƠ SỞ NGÔN NGỮ HỌC ĐỐI VỚI VIỆC NHẬN THỨC CÁC KHÁI NIỆM CƠ BẢN CỦA PHONG CÁCH HỌC
Authors: Hoàng Tất Thắng 
Published: January 2021

Xuất phát từ nguyên lí về tính võ đoán của tín hiệu ngôn ngữ, đồng thời đi sâu khai thác một trong những hệ quả của tính võ đoàn - tồn tại các biến thể, bài báo đã phân tích và chứng minh sự hình thành của khái niệm ý nghĩa tu từ. Đồng thời nhận thức một cách sâu sắc nội dung khái niệm ý nghĩa tu từ và các đặc điểm của nó.
Tương tự, xuất phát từ tiền đề về lí thuyết giao tiếp, mà cụ thể là đặc điểm ba dạng lời nói cơ bản - lời nói hoàn toàn nói về đối tượng, lời nói không hoàn toàn nói về đối tượng và lời nói hoàn toàn không nói về đối tượng, bài báo đã đi sâu phân tích đặc điểm của mỗi dạng lời nói. Từ đó, bài báo trình bày nhận thức về nội dung khái niệm “quy tắc tu từ”.
Việc nhận thức đúng nội dung và đặc điểm của các khái niệm “ý nghĩa tu từ” và “quy tắc tu từ” sẽ là tiền đề, là cơ sở hình thành phương pháp phân tích phong cách học nói chung, phân tích ý nghĩa tu từ và quy tắc tu từ nói riêng, trong nghiên cứu và giảng dạy văn học ở nhà trường hiện nay.
Characteristics of sub-10 nm particle emissions from in-use commercial aircraft observed at Narita International Airport
Authors: Takegawa Nobuyuki , Murashima Yoshiko , Fushimi Akihiro , Misawa Kentaro , Fujitani Yuji , Saitoh Katsumi , Sakurai Hiromu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The characterization of ultrafine particle emissions from jet aircraft
equipped with turbofan engines, which are commonly used in civil aviation, is an important issue in the assessment of the impacts of aviation on climate and human health. We conducted field observations of aerosols and carbon dioxide (CO2) near a runway at Narita International Airport, Japan, in February 2018. We used an ultrafine condensation particle counter (UCPC) and a condensation particle counter (CPC) with unheated and 350 ∘C heated operation modes to investigate the contributions of sub-10 nm size ranges to the total and the non-volatile particle number concentrations. The performance of the 350 ∘C heated mode was tested in the laboratory to verify the consistency with existing methods for non-volatile particle measurements. We also used a scanning mobility particle sizer with unheated and 350 ∘C heated modes and an engine exhaust particle sizer for the measurements of particle number size distributions. Spiked increases in the particle number concentrations and CO2 mixing ratios were observed to be associated with the directions of wind from the runway, which can be attributed to diluted aircraft exhaust plumes. We estimated the particle number emission indices (EIs) for discrete take-off plumes using the UCPC, CPC, and CO2 data. The median values of the total and the non-volatile particle number EIs for diameters larger than 2.5 nm as derived from the UCPC data were found to be 1.1×1017 and 5.7×1015 kg per fuel, respectively. More than half the particle number EIs were in the size range smaller than
10 nm for both the total and the non-volatile particles in most of the cases analyzed in this study. The significance of sub-10 nm size ranges for the total particles in the diluted plumes was qualitatively
consistent with previous studies, but that for the non-volatile particles was unexpected. Possible factors affecting the similarities and differences
compared with the previous findings are discussed.
Timing of drought in the growing season and strong legacy effects determine the annual productivity of temperate grasses in a changing climate
Authors: Hahn Claudia , Lüscher Andreas , Ernst-Hasler Sara , Suter Matthias , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts, is assumed to increase and lead to alterations in ecosystem productivity and thus the
terrestrial carbon cycle. Although grasslands typically show reduced productivity in response to drought, the effects of drought on grassland
productivity have been shown to vary strongly. Here we tested, in a 2-year field experiment, if the resistance and the recovery of grasses to
drought varies throughout a growing season and if the timing of the drought influences drought-induced reductions in annual aboveground net primary
production (ANPP) of grasses. For the experiment we grew six temperate and perennial C3 grass species and cultivars in a field as pure stands. The
grasses were cut six times during the growing season and subject to 10 week drought treatments that occurred either in the spring, the summer or the
fall. Averaged across all grasses, drought-induced losses in productivity in spring were smaller (−20 % to −51 %) than in summer and
fall (−77 % to −87 %). This suggests a higher resistance to drought in spring when plants are in their reproductive stage and their
productivity is the highest. After the release from drought, we found no prolonged suppression in growth. In contrast, post-drought growth rates of
formerly drought-stressed swards outperformed the growth rates of the control swards. The strong overcompensation in growth after the drought release
resulted in relatively small overall drought-induced losses in annual ANPP that ranged from −4 % to −14 % and were not affected by the
timing of the drought event. In summary, our results show that (i) the resistance in growth rates of grasses to drought varies across the season and
is increased during the reproductive phenological stage when growth rates are highest; (ii) that the positive legacy effects of drought indicate a high
recovery potential of temperate grasses to drought; and (iii) that the high recovery can compensate for immediate drought effects on total annual
biomass production to a significant extent.
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate forcing and ocean dynamical feedback and their implications for estimating climate sensitivity
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Poulsen Christopher J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) has been directly estimated using reconstructions of past climates that are different than today's. A challenge to this approach is that temperature proxies integrate over the timescales of the fast feedback processes (e.g., changes in water vapor, snow, and clouds) that are captured in ECS as well as the slower feedback processes (e.g., changes in ice sheets and ocean circulation) that are not. A way around this issue is to treat the slow feedbacks as climate forcings and independently account for their impact on global temperature. Here we conduct a suite of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 (CESM1.2) to quantify the forcing
and efficacy of land ice sheets (LISs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in order to estimate ECS. Our forcing and efficacy quantification adopts the effective radiative forcing (ERF) and adjustment framework and provides a complete accounting for the radiative, topographic, and dynamical impacts of LIS on surface temperatures. ERF and efficacy of LGM LIS are −3.2 W m−2 and 1.1, respectively. The larger-than-unity efficacy is caused by the temperature changes over land and the Northern Hemisphere subtropical oceans which are relatively larger than those in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2. The subtropical sea-surface temperature (SST) response is linked to LIS-induced wind changes and feedbacks in ocean–atmosphere coupling and clouds. ERF and efficacy of LGM GHG are −2.8 W m−2 and 0.9, respectively. The lower efficacy is primarily attributed to a smaller cloud feedback at colder temperatures. Our simulations further demonstrate that the direct ECS calculation using the forcing, efficacy, and temperature response in CESM1.2 overestimates the true value in the model by approximately 25 % due to the neglect of slow ocean dynamical feedback. This is supported by the greater cooling (6.8 ∘C) in a fully coupled LGM simulation than that (5.3 ∘C) in a slab ocean model simulation with ocean dynamics disabled. The majority (67 %) of the ocean dynamical feedback is attributed to dynamical changes in the Southern Ocean, where interactions between upper-ocean stratification, heat transport, and sea-ice cover are found to amplify the LGM cooling. Our study demonstrates the value of climate models in the quantification of climate forcings and the ocean dynamical feedback, which is necessary for an accurate direct ECS estimation.
Fine-grained, spatiotemporal datasets measuring 200 years of land development in the United States
Authors: Uhl Johannes H. , Leyk Stefan , McShane Caitlin M. , Braswell Anna E. , Connor Dylan S. , Balk Deborah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The collection, processing, and analysis of remote sensing data since the early 1970s has rapidly improved our understanding of change on the Earth's surface. While satellite-based Earth observation has proven to be of vast scientific value, these data are typically confined to recent decades of observation and often lack important thematic detail. Here, we advance in this arena by constructing new spatially explicit settlement data for the United States that extend back to the early 19th century and are consistently enumerated at fine spatial and temporal granularity (i.e. 250 m spatial and 5-year temporal resolution). We create these time series using a large, novel building-stock database to extract and map retrospective, fine-grained spatial distributions of built-up properties in the conterminous United States from 1810 to 2015. From our data extraction, we analyse and publish a series of gridded geospatial datasets that enable novel retrospective historical analysis of the built environment at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. The datasets are part of the Historical Settlement Data Compilation for the United States (https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/hisdacus, last access: 25 January 2021) and are available at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YSWMDR (Uhl and Leyk, 2020a), https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/SJ213V (Uhl and Leyk, 2020b), and https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/J6CYUJ (Uhl and Leyk, 2020c).
Jurassic planktic foraminifera from the Polish Basin
Authors: Gajewska Maria , Dubicka Zofia , Hart Malcolm B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Jurassic (Bathonian–Oxfordian) planktic foraminifera from the
epicontinental strata of the Polish Basin have been investigated. The
palaeoecology, palaeobiogeography, and biostratigraphical potential of the
recorded taxa are discussed. Four species are recorded: Conoglobigerina helvetojurassica (Haeusler, 1881),
Globuligerina balakhmatovae (Morozova, 1961), G. bathoniana (Pazdrowa, 1969), and G. oxfordiana (Grigelis, 1958). This assemblage is
probably the most diverse of those described to date from the epicontinental
areas of Europe. The recorded taxa are thought to represent three different
ecological morphotypes. The clear relationship between
transgressive–regressive facies and the palaeobiogeography of the recorded
planktic foraminifera indicates a morphotype-related depth–distribution
pattern in which small, simple, globular-chambered morphotypes occupied
shallow waters whereas slightly larger, more complex forms, or those with
hemispherical chambers, inhabited deeper and more open-water environments.
Snow depth time series retrieval by time-lapse photography: Finnish and Italian case studies
Authors: Bongio Marco , Arslan Ali Nadir , Tanis Cemal Melih , De Michele Carlo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The capability of time-lapse photography to retrieve snow
depth time series was tested. Historically, snow depth has been measured
manually by rulers, with a temporal resolution of once per day, and it is a
time-consuming activity. In the last few decades, ultrasonic and/or optical
sensors have been developed to obtain automatic and regular measurements
with higher temporal resolution and accuracy. The Finnish Meteorological
Institute Image Processing Toolbox (FMIPROT) has been used to retrieve the
snow depth time series from camera images of a snow stake on the ground by
implementing an algorithm based on the brightness difference and contour
detection. Three case studies have been illustrated to highlight potentialities
and pitfalls of time-lapse photography in retrieving the snow depth time
series: Sodankylä peatland, a boreal forested site in Finland, and Gressoney-La-Trinité Dejola and Careser Dam, two alpine sites in Italy. This
study presents new possibilities and advantages in the retrieval of snow
depth in general and snow depth time series specifically, which can be
summarized as follows: (1) high temporal resolution – hourly or sub-hourly
time series, depending on the camera's scan rate; (2) high accuracy levels –
comparable to the most common method (manual measurements); (3) reliability
and visual identification of errors or misclassifications; (4) low-cost
solution; and (5) remote sensing technique – can be easily extended in remote and
dangerous areas. The proper geometrical configuration between camera and stake, highlighting
the main characteristics which each single component must have, has been
proposed. Root mean square errors (RMSEs) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSEs)
were calculated for all three case studies comparing with estimates from
both the FMIPROT and visual inspection of images directly. The NSE values were 0.917, 0.963 and 0.916, while RMSEs were 0.039, 0.052 and 0.108 m for Sodankylä, Gressoney and Careser, respectively. In
terms of accuracy, the Sodankylä case study gave better results. The
worst performances occurred at Careser Dam located at 2600 m a.s.l., where
extreme weather conditions and a low temporal resolution of the camera occur,
strongly affecting the clarity of the images.
The Myth of Lorca: International Lorquismo and Lorca’s Reception in Cyprus and the Hellenic World
Authors: Demetriou Demetra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article aims to examine Federico García Lorca’s reception in Cypriot literature within the context of his wider Hellenic and international posterity. To place the Lorca image fostered on the island in the ideological and intertextual framework of a more generic lorquismo enables us to enrich our perspective on the writer’s transnational radiation, as well as to appreciate the distinctive contribution of Cypriot literature to the formation of Lorquian mythology, powerfully imbued with the historical experience of Hellenism in Cyprus. The article focuses on the ideological importance of Lorca’s assassination and traces the writer’s reception in the Greek world at earlier stages than commonly thought. It further explores the persistence of the myth well into the decades that followed World War II and examines its symbolic value down to our day, gradually moving beyond a politicized—and toward an aestheticized—view of his poetry. Drawing on a comparativist myth-critical framework, my approach is more particularly concerned with the study of Lorca as a mythical figure, which may account for the scope of significations he has embodied as a character in a cross-cultural perspective, as well as for the reasons why he remains so flexible within varied traditions.
Stepping down therapy for well-controlled mild asthma: an experience from University Medical Center at Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Lam Nguyen-Ho , Nam Nguyen-Thanh , Vu Le-Thuong , Vinh Nguyen-Nhu , Tuyet-Lan Le-Thi 
Published: January 2021

Background
Stepping down treatment for well-controlled mild asthma is challenging to clinicians. The step-down strategy using regularly-intermittent low-dose inhaled corticosteroid has been applied at the University Medical Center (UMC) of Ho Chi Minh City, called as “UMC” approach.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of UMC step-down strategy in well- controlled mild asthma.

Methods
A real-world retrospective descriptive study was conducted at UMC from 2009 to 2018. All asthmatic patients (age ≥ 12) who received step-down therapy using this UMC approach were evaluated.

Results
Among 2,072 asthma patients to be treated with UMC step-down strategy, only 112 subjects were eligible. The median age was 38.5 years and female was 62.5%. Most patients at their initial presentation were indicated step 4 treatment (87.5%). The controller medications before initiation of UMC treatment included fluticasone propionate 125 μg once-daily, salmeterol/fluticasone propionate 25/125 μg once-daily, and formoterol/budesonide 4.5/160 μg once-daily. After being treated with the UMC approach, the rates of well-controlled asthma ranged from 67.6% to 91.1%. During 1 year with UMC treatment, pulmonary function remained stable and only 7 subjects (6.3%) developed exacerbation.

Conclusion
The UMC step-down treatment for well-controlled mild asthma was relatively efficient in maintaining asthma control, stabilization of pulmonary function, and reducing risk of severe exacerbation.
De invloed van contractuele en relationele aspecten op stakeholdermanagement
Authors: Philips Sander , de Groot Bert , Verweij Stefan 
Published: January 2021

The influence of contractual and relational aspects on external stakeholder management: A case study of the Dutch A9 and A16 DBFM infrastructure projects
In the past decade, large infrastructure projects in the Netherlands have often been implemented through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), specifically using Design-Build-Finance-Maintain (DBFM) contracts. While the decision to implement projects through PPPs is based on expected advantages for internal parties – the public and private partners in the PPP –, there is a call for more focus on the advantages and disadvantages of PPPs for external stakeholders. External stakeholder management in DBFM projects is based on a contractual division of risks and responsibilities between the partners. However, it is clear from the literature that the contract does not guarantee successful stakeholder management. Relational aspects are important. Little research has been done, however, into the interplay of contractual and relational aspects in achieving successful stakeholder management. This article addresses this research need. A comparative case study was conducted into the PPP projects A9 Gaasperdammerweg and A16 Rotterdam. The study first shows that sanctions, when combined with a relational approach, have a positive effect on the relationships with stakeholders. Second, external stakeholder management cannot be simply outsourced to the private partner and continuous involvement of the public partner is important for success.
Eigendoms- en gebruiksrechten van genetische informatie
Authors: den Butter Frank 
Published: January 2021

Ownership and user rights of genetic information
In 2003, the WRR suggested in the ‘Deciding on Biotechnology’ report that individuals should not be given ownership of their personal genetic information (DNA) to prevent risk selection and exclusion. Yet, that does not seem politically and ethically feasible. From that perspective, the research question of this article is how to regulate ownership and use of genetic information. Better predictability of health and longevity risk, through genetic information and thanks to new developments in geno-economics, possibly in combination with ‘big data’, makes risk selection by insurance companies attractive. That holds more specifically for the pension system. In addition to insurance for investment risk, the pension system also offers insurance for longevity risk. In itself, selection for longevity risk via premium setting is not unwarranted since the ‘bad risks’ with long life expectancy are the highly educated, so that the current implicit risk solidarity in pension insurance in The Netherlands, unlike in health insurance, brings about more inequality. But an unrestricted risk selection does raise ethical and social questions and does not fit into the new pension system in the Netherlands. That is why good and extensive legislation is needed for property rights and the utilization of genetic information of individual citizens. A similar focus on regulation is also in order for the use of DNA information of the government in criminal cases. Here the question is what additional options the government should have to use the information to solve crimes.
Naar eigen orderegels voor de rijksministerraad
Authors: Duijf C.M.A.M. 
Published: January 2021

Naar eigen orderegels voor de rijksministerraad
De rijksministerraad en de Nederlandse ministerraad vergaderen volgens hetzelfde reglement van orde. In deze bijdrage wordt voorgesteld afzonderlijke orderegels voor de rijksministerraad in het leven te roepen. In deze orderegels kunnen onder andere de termijnen voor aanlevering van de stukken worden vastgelegd en kan voorzien worden in mogelijkheden voor de Caribische landen om de Raden van Advies te horen. Hierdoor worden de Caribische landen beter in staat gesteld hun rol in de rijksministerraad waar te maken. Dit is onder meer van belang omdat de besluiten van de rijksministerraad grote (maatschappelijke) gevolgen kunnen hebben voor de landen. Tijdens de coronacrisis is dit wederom gebleken.
2020/44 The (Non)Application of the Posting of Workers Directive to Aircrew: How a lack of legal certainty leads to a failure to apply the posting rules in the aviation industry
Authors: Busschaert Gautier , Pecinovsky Pieter 
Published: January 2021

2020/44 The (Non)Application of the Posting of Workers Directive to Aircrew: How a lack of legal certainty leads to a failure to apply the posting rules in the aviation industry
This article focuses on the posting of workers in the aviation industry. The main problem is that it is not clear in which situations the Posting of Workers Directive should be applied to aircrew (i.e. cabin crew and pilots). The aviation sector is characterised by a very mobile workforce in which it is possible for employees to provide services from different countries in a very short timeframe. This makes it, to a certain extent, easier for employers to choose the applicable social legislation, which can lead to detrimental working conditions for their aircrew. This article looks into how the Posting of Workers Directive can prevent some air carriers from unilaterally determining the applicable social legislation and makes some suggestions to end unfair social competition in the sector. This article is based on a research report which the authors drafted in 2019 with funding from the European Commission (hereafter the ‘Report’)
2020/48 Norwegian parental benefits provisions disadvantaging men found outside the scope of Equal Treatment Directive (NO)
Authors: Wik Jonas Thorsdalen , Lund Dag Sørlie 
Published: January 2021

2020/48 Norwegian parental benefits provisions disadvantaging men found outside the scope of Equal Treatment Directive (NO)
On 13 December 2019 the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Court held that a national provision that renders a father’s entitlement to parental benefits during a shared period of leave dependent on the mother’s situation, but not vice versa, fell outside the scope of Directive 2006/54/EC (the Equal Treatment Directive) since it did not concern “employment and working conditions” within the meaning of Article 14(1)(c) of that Directive. The action brought by the EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) was thus dismissed. The Court consequently did not consider whether the Norwegian rules amounted to unlawful discrimination under the Directive. Furthermore, no assessment was made as to the potential breach with the general principle of equality of gender under EEA law, as this had not been pleaded by ESA.
De rol van de fairness opinion in de uitkoopprocedure
Authors: Baijer L.H.J. 
Published: January 2021

De rol van de fairness opinion in de uitkoopprocedure. Noot bij Hof Amsterdam (OK) 14 januari 2020, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2020:300 (Fortuna)
Bij een op 14 januari 2020 gewezen arrest hebben minderheidsaandeelhouders in de uitkoopprocedure van Fortuna succesvol verzet ingesteld tegen het arrest van 30 oktober 2018 en hebben zij tevens de subsidiair gevorderde uitkoopprijs aangevochten. In deze noot bespreekt de auteur de rol van de fairness opinion in deze uitkoopprocedure.