bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of injection timing on combustion and IMEP variation of a bi‐fuel compressed natural gas SI engine
Authors: Sahoo Sridhar , Srivastava Dhananjay Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCompressed natural gas (CNG) is a gaseous fuel stored under high pressure in a cylindrical tank. When the CNG is injected into the intake manifold, it expands in the manifold and displaces the air which reduces the volumetric efficiency of the engine. Thus, the corresponding overall energy inside the combustion chamber is also reduced, resulting in reduced power output. CNG injection timing with respect to intake valve opening and closing can be optimized to minimize the losses in volumetric efficiency loss and hence, the power output of the engine. In this study, the combustion instability of the CNG fueled engine has been studied under low throttle condition and compared with gasoline. A comparative investigation of the effects of the start of injection (SOI) timing on combustion stability was conducted on a single‐cylinder spark‐ignition (SI) engine fuelled with gasoline and CNG at 25% throttle opening condition. The ignition timing was kept fixed at 35°, and 40° CA bTDC for gasoline and CNG, respectively, and the SOI timing was varied from 240° CA bTDC to 100° CA aTDC of the intake stroke. The results indicated that SOI timing significantly affects in‐cylinder air‐fuel mixture formation and combustion stability for gasoline and CNG engine. SOI timing corresponds to the closed valve period, shows the higher fluctuation in combustion for gasoline compared to CNG. CNG shows lower fluctuation throughout SOI timing due to homogeneous air‐fuel mixture formation. Early SOI timing forms fuel stratification in the intake port and forms a rich air‐fuel mixture, which reduces the net power output of the CNG engine. CNG requires optimum SOI timing for improved combustion compared to gasoline. It reduced the combustion instability and fluctuation in indicated mean effective pressure. The results will benefit the development of a closed‐loop engine control system for a CNG system.
Novel functional weights for improving the third‐order WENO schemes
Authors: Tang Shujiang , Li Mingjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we improved the nonlinear weight of the classical third‐order WENO scheme by using the limiter of the MUSCL scheme and got a new WENO scheme, the WENO‐F scheme, and developed three new nonlinear multiple‐parameter weight functions by improving the nonlinear weight of WENO‐JS, WENO‐Z, and WENO‐Z+ schemes. After selecting appropriate parameters of these new weight functions, three new high‐resolution schemes are comparing with three kinds of classical WENO schemes. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the new scheme with these multiparameter functional weights can achieve third‐order convergence in smooth regions. And the new scheme has lower dissipation and better resolution than the classical third‐order WENO schemes for smooth and discontinuous solutions.
Detection of respiratory viruses in primary cholesteatoma tissues
Authors: Viana Rosa M. M. , Souza Juliano P. , Jorge Daniel M. M. , Martins Ronaldo B. , Castro Italo A. , Cardoso Ricardo S. , Volpini Lays P. B. , de Souza Luna Luciano K. , Spano Liliana C. , Bellei Nancy C. J. , Chahud Fernando , Arruda Eurico , A. Hyppolito Miguel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCholesteatomas are frequent middle ear benign tumors of unknown etiology. Infectious agents have been considered as possible contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cholesteatomas. Aiming to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in primary cholesteatoma tissues, 26 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded primary cholesteatoma tissues obtained from patients seen at the of the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil were tested by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Considering the PCR results, 35% of the tissues were positive for human rhinovirus (HRV), 15.3% for human enterovirus (EV), 3.8% for human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and 3.8% for human bocavirus (HBoV). Serial immunohistochemistry for virus antigens and cell surface markers evidenced that the viruses were associated with fibroblasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. These findings indicate for the first time the presence of active respiratory virus infection in primary cholesteatoma tissues, suggesting that persisting virus infection in the middle could play a role in the pathogenesis and evolution of cholesteatomas.
Epidemiology and genetic characterization of human sapovirus among hospitalized acute diarrhea patients in Bangladesh, 2012–2015
Authors: Rahman Rajibur , Rahman Sezanur , Afrad Md M. H. , Talha Muhammad , Islam Deen , Uddin K. M. Main , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Afrad Mokibul H. , Faruque Abu S. G. , Hossain Mohammad E. , Rahman Mustafizur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman sapovirus, which causes acute gastroenteritis, is not well studied and poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the contribution of sapovirus in diarrhea, their clinical association, and genotypic diversity. Fecal specimens (n = 871) were randomly selected from diarrheal patients who attended International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2012–December 2015 and tested for the presence of sapovirus RNA using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Sapovirus RNA was identified in 2.3% (n = 20) of the samples. Seventy‐five percent of the sapovirus positive cases were coinfected with other pathogens, such as rotavirus, norovirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, adenovirus, Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholerae. A vast genetic diversity was observed among sapovirus with at least seven common genotypes (GI.1, GI.2, GI.7, GII.1, GII.4, GII.6, and GIV), and a new genotype GII.NA1. Some of the GI.1 strains detected were similar to GI.4 in the polymerase region sequence and were confirmed as recombinant strains. Our findings suggest that the overall contribution of sapovirus in hospitalized diarrheal illness is low but highlight enormous genetic diversity.
Correlation between interleukin gene polymorphisms and current prevalence and mortality rates due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐2019) in 23 countries
Authors: Karcioglu Batur Lutfiye , Hekim Nezih 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection may rely on a potential genetic background for the variations in the inflammatory response. We aimed to investigate the possible correlation between polymorphisms inthe IL‐6gene at rs1800796/rs1800795, inIL‐6Rat rs2228145, inIL‐10at rs1800896 and rs1800871, inIL‐17at rs2275913 and rs763780 loci, and COVID‐19 prevalence and mortality rates among populations of 23 countries.MethodsWe searched the literature for polymorphisms in China, Japan, India, Spain, Mexico, Sweden, Turkey, Brazil, Russia, Poland, Italy, South Africa, Netherlands, Greece, Germany, UK, Iran, Finland, Czechia, Tunisia, Norway, Egypt, Croatia. We recorded the prevalence and mortality rates (per million) caused by the Coronavirus infection recorded on 7th September 2020 and 6th December 2020.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of AG genotype of rs1800896 and prevalence recorded on 6th December 2020 (r: 0.53,r2: 0.28,p < .05). There was a significant negative correlation between the mortality rates recorded on 7th September, and the AG genotype of rs2275913 (r: −0.51,r2: 0.26,p < .05). There was a significant positive correlation between the prevalence recorded on 6th December, and TT genotype at rs763780 (r: 0.65, r2:0.42,p < .05) while a negative correlation between prevalence and TC genotype at rs763780 (r: −0.66,r2: 0.43,p < .05). Also, a significant negative correlation was found between mortality rates recorded on 6th December 2020 and CC genotype at rs763780 (r: −0.56,r2: 0.31,p < .05).ConclusionThe variations in prevalence of COVID‐19 and its mortality rates among countries may be explained by the polymorphisms at rs1800896 inIL‐10, rs2275913 inIL‐17A, and rs763780 loci in theIL‐17Fgene.
On the electron transmission control by a direction of magnetic field
Authors: Popov Igor Y. , Blinova Irina V. , Shamionova Elvina A. , Smolkina Maria O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electron transmission through a system of two orthogonal quantum rings in a magnetic field with one input and two output wires is studied. It is shown that the transmission to only one of the two output leads can be governed by a change in the construction orientation in respect to the field. A model of nonplane quantum graph embedded in three‐dimensional space is used.
Acute Liver Failure Etiology Is an Independent Predictor of Waitlist Outcome but Not Posttransplantation Survival in a National Cohort
Authors: Wong Natalie Z. , Reddy K. Rajender , Bittermann Therese 
Published: June 2021

The impact of acute liver failure (ALF) etiology on waitlist (WL) and posttransplantation outcomes, independent of severity of illness, is incompletely characterized. All adults (n = 1691) listed for primary liver transplantation (LT) between 2002 and 2019 with ALF due to acetaminophen toxicity (APAP), drug‐induced liver injury (DILI), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing database. ALF etiology was evaluated as an independent predictor of WL mortality and spontaneous survival (SS; versus outcome of LT), as well as post‐LT overall survival, graft survival, and in‐hospital mortality using multivariable models accounting for differences in clinical parameters at listing. Accounting for severity of illness at listing, WL mortality and SS for DILI, AIH, and HBV were each lower than those for APAP toxicity (adjusted relative risk ratio <1 in all analyses with P < 0.001 for both outcomes). ALF etiology was not associated with adjusted overall survival after LT (P = 0.09) or graft survival (P = 0.13). Inpatient mortality rate after LT was high at 9.0%. While ALF etiology was also not associated with adjusted inpatient mortality (P = 0.42), cause of death (COD) was different. For example, the rate of post‐LT brain death was 5.3% for APAP toxicity, 3.0% for other DILI, 1.1% for AIH, and 3.0% for HBV (P = 0.02). ALF etiology is an independent predictor of WL outcome, even after adjusting for severity of illness, but is not associated with post‐LT outcomes with the exception of COD. The majority of post‐LT deaths for all ALF etiologies studied occurred during the index hospital stay, suggesting a continued need for enhanced prognostic tools to ensure efficient organ utilization and ALF‐ and etiology‐specific post‐LT care to prevent brain death.
Effects of cardiac medications on ventricular function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy–related cardiomyopathy
Authors: Murphy Alexander P. , Johnson Anna , Straub Volker , Heads‐Baister Alison , Lord Stephen , Bourke John P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe DMD Care Considerations Working Group Guidelines 2010 recommended treating cardiac dystrophinopathy with angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitor (ACEi) and beta‐blocker (BB) therapy to prevent the progressive decline in left ventricular function expected from earlier, natural history studies. The aim of this research was to audit change in measures of left ventricular function over 8 years to 4 years before and 4 years after deploying an ACEi/BB combination systematically at a dedicated “cardiology‐muscle” clinic.MethodsThis is an institutionally registered, retrospective, case‐file–based audit of serial echocardiographic measures of left ventricular fractional shortening accumulated over the period 1995 to 2015.ResultsData from 104 genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, aged 22.2 ± 5.3 years at data censure, were included. Mean age at first detection of left ventricular dysfunction was 15.1 ± 4.2 years, but older in those on maintenance steroid therapy (16.8 ± 4.2 vs 14.5 ± 4.1 years; P = .04). Group mean fractional shortening fell by 1.5%/year over the 4 years before therapy, but this decreased to 0.9%/year over the first 4 years after starting therapy. Analysis of limited left ventricular ejection fraction measures showed similar but nonsignificant changes. Neither age at detection of left ventricular dysfunction nor fractional shortening percent at time of therapy initiation affected the beneficial response.DiscussionThe results support the international DMD recommendations of the time. This combination of cardiac medications helps stabilize heart function. For the best long‐term effects, therapy needs to be initiated no later than on first detection left ventricular impairment.
Stability and failure of compressed thin‐walled composite columns using experimental tests and advanced numerical damage models
Authors: Rozylo Patryk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study investigates the stability and failure analysis of thin‐walled composite columns with a top‐hat and channel cross section, subjected to axial compression. The analyzed structures were made of composite material (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) by autoclave technique. The study included experimental tests on actual specimens and numerical simulations on numerical models using finite element method (in ABAQUS® program). Experimental‐numerical analysis was conducted over the full range of loading (until failure phenomenon). Regarding the experimental tests, postbuckling equilibrium paths as well as acoustic emission signals were registered, which directly allowed for comprehensive analysis of failure phenomenon of composite material. In case of numerical simulations, two independent numerical damage models were used. The first one constitutes the progressive failure analysis, considering the damage initiation criteria using Hashin's theory and damage evolution based on the energy criterion. The second one constitutes the cohesive zone model, which was used to simulate failure of composite material caused by delamination phenomenon. Both experimental and numerical results show high agreement. Furthermore, the obtained results reveal an interesting relationship between buckling, postbuckling, and failure phenomenon of the analyzed structures.
Detection of cancerous lesions in skeletal remains using visual methods and radiographs
Authors: Fatula Sara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe recognition and diagnosis of pathological conditions can provide identifying characteristics that lead to the identification of unknown remains. While pathological lesions on dry bone are usually detected by gross visual examination, potentially individuating lesions may not be detected without radiographic analysis. Radiography may be especially important to diagnose metastatic cancer, where lesions may begin on the inner surface of the bone. The objective of this study was to determine if and on what skeletal elements metastatic cancerous lesions are detected more frequently when using radiographs compared to dry bone examination. Multiple skeletal elements from 30 individuals with reported soft tissue cancers were examined for the presence of visible lesions on dry bone and on radiographs. Results show that 63% of the sample with reported soft tissue cancers exhibited visible lesions. Of these, 42% of the lesions were identified solely on radiographs and 58% exhibited distinct lesions using both dry bone and radiographic analyses. A comparison of the two methods of lesion detection indicates that macroscopic analysis alone cannot capture the range of cancerous lesion manifestations. Here, I suggest a method for practitioners that minimizes time and expense in radiographing to prioritize skeletal elements that best exhibit cancerous lesions that would have otherwise been hidden on dry bone.
Biological histories of an elite: Skeletons from the Royal Chapel of Lugo Cathedral (NW Spain)
Authors: López‐Costas Olalla , Müldner Gundula , Lidén Kerstin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aims to reconstruct the biological histories of the people buried at the Royal Chapel of Lugo Cathedral, an important religious center of NW Spain, by using anthropological, geochemical, and historical perspectives. We conducted a macroscopic and radiographic study on 955 skeletal elements, a multi‐isotope (δ13Ccol, δ15N, δ34Scol, δ13Cap, δ18Oap) analysis of human (n = 12) and animal (n = 4) samples, and the study of 1407 documents from the cathedral archives. There was a minimum of 15 individuals, including six subadults (<7 years), seven mature males, and one possible female. Several traumatic healed injuries, a pelvis osteochondroma, and a case of DISH have been detected. Males were enriched in15N (up to 15.7‰, Δhuman‐animal avg = 5.1‰) suggesting consumption of animal protein including freshwater fish. Cathedral documents reflectforapayments in the form of rye, eggs, poultry, sheep, pigs, and eels as well as the hiring of two physicians. All individuals, except one, lived between the 14thand the early 15thcenturies and show characteristics of high standard of living. Males were likely members of the cathedral—chaplains, administrators, sacristans, but not bishops—or noblemen relatives of the former according to preserved documents. Isotopic and paleopathological study suggest that they had an active and traveling life and at least one of them had connections with Central Spain. Children were local and possibly connected to the nobility. Lugo Cathedral is a prime example about the possibilities of transdisciplinary research in the identification of lifestyle in past populations.
Gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Yang Kun , He Shasha , Dong Wenbin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia is a relatively common and severe complication of prematurity, and its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis techniques, together with the growing sophistication of the gut–lung axis hypothesis, have resulted in more studies linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to the occurrence and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The present article builds on current findings to examine the intrinsic associations between gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may insult the intestinal barrier, triggering inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and malnutrition, consequences of which might impact bronchopulmonary dysplasia by altering the gut–lung axis. By evaluating the potential mechanisms, new therapeutic targets and potential therapeutic modalities for bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be identified from a microecological perspective.
Compound‐specific stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) analyses of fatty acids: A new method and perspectives for trophic and movement ecology
Authors: Pilecky Matthias , Winter Katharina , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Kainz Martin J. 
Published: June 2021

RationaleCompound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) is a powerful tool for a better understanding of trophic transfer of dietary molecules in and across ecosystems. Hydrogen isotope values (δ2H) in consumer tissues have potential to more clearly distinguish dietary sources than 13C or 15N values within and among habitats, but have not been used at the fatty acid level for ecological purposes.MethodsHere we demonstrate a new online high‐capacity gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry technique (2H‐CSIA) that offers accurate and reproducible determination of δ2H values for a range of fatty acids from organisms of aquatic food webs.ResultsWe show that lipid extracts obtained from aquatic sources, such as biofilms, leaves, invertebrates, or fish muscle tissue, have distinctive δ2H values that can be used to assess sources and trophic interactions, as well as dietary allocation and origin of fatty acids within consumer tissue.ConclusionsThe new 2H‐CSIA method can be applied to evaluate sources and trophic dynamics of fatty acids in organisms ranging from food web ecology to migratory connectivity.
Robot‐assisted kidney transplantation is a safe alternative approach for morbidly obese patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Lee Seung Duk , Rawashdeh Badi , McCracken Emily K. E. , Cantrell Leigh A. , Kharwat Bassel , Demirag Alp , Agarwal Avinash , Brayman Kenneth L. , Pelletier Shawn J. , Goldaracena Nicolas , Fox Emily , Oberholzer José 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany centres deny obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) >35 access to kidney transplantation due to increased intraoperative and postoperative complications.MethodsFrom August 2017 to December 2019, 73 consecutive cases of kidney transplantation in morbidly obese patients were enrolled at a single university at the initiation of a robotic transplant surgery program. Outcomes of patients who underwent robotic assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) were compared to frequency‐matched patients undergoing open kidney transplant (OKT).ResultsA total of 24 morbidly obese patients successfully underwent RAKT, and 49 obese patients received an OKT. The RAKT group developed fewer surgical site infections (SSI) than the OKT group. Graft function, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were similar between groups 1 year after surgery. Graft and patient survival were 100% for both groups.ConclusionsRAKT offers a safe alternative for morbidly obese patients, who may otherwise be denied access to OKT.
Short‐term impact of beaver dam analogues on streambank erosion and deposition in Semi‐Arid landscapes of the Western USA
Authors: Pearce Casey , Vidon Philippe , Lautz Laura , Kelleher Christa , Davis Julianne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRiver systems in the mountain western USA have been shaped by the presence of beavers for millennia. However, beavers have been extirpated from the landscape in many places, leading to excessive stream incision and streambank erosion. One common strategy to mitigate this issue is to deploy beaver dam analogue (BDAs) as a stream restoration technique. Although BDAs are intended to reduce erosion and stream incision, few studies directly document the impact of BDAs on stream channel geomorphology. This study, therefore, assesses how a complex of five BDAs along a 150 m long stream reach in Red Canyon Ranch near Lander, WY impacts stream bank erosion and deposition and channel evolution over a 1‐year period post‐installation. Relative to control locations not impacted by BDAs, the BDA reach showed greater spatial heterogeneity in erosion and deposition patterns than control locations, as well as less overall erosion. However, each BDA had unique effects on channel morphology. Large amounts of deposition were found at the most upstream BDA remaining after the first year at both inner and outer meander locations. High flow events created breaches that likely produced significant stream bank erosion observed immediately downstream of the BDA complex. From a design standpoint, the only BDAs that remained after a year were those built around fence posts inserted into the stream bed with a percussion fence post driver. Overall, our short‐term data indicate that BDAs can be successfully used as a stream restoration practice to reduce stream bank erosion and increase channel geomorphological heterogeneity.