bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfractional robustness of scanning carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: An analysis based on dose distribution from daily in‐room CT images
Authors: Tsuchida Keisuke , Minohara Shinichi , Kusano Yohsuke , Kano Kio , Anno Wataru , Takakusagi Yosuke , Mizoguchi Nobutaka , Serizawa Itsuko , Yoshida Daisaku , Imura Koh , Takayama Yoshiki , Kamada Tadashi , Katoh Hiroyuki , Ohno Tatsuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeWe analyzed interfractional robustness of scanning carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for prostate cancer based on the dose distribution using daily in‐room computed tomography (CT) images.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 11 consecutive patients treated with scanning CIRT for localized prostate cancer in our hospital between December 2015 and January 2016. In‐room CT images were taken under treatment conditions in every treatment session. The dose distribution on each in‐room CT image was recalculated, while retaining the pencil beam arrangement of the initial treatment plan. Then, the dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters including the percentage of the clinical target volume (CTV) with 95% and 90% of the prescribed dose area (V95% of CTV, V90% of CTV) and V80% of rectum were calculated. The acceptance criteria for the CTV and rectum were set at V95% of CTV ≥95%, V90% of CTV ≥98%, and V80% of rectum < 10 ml.ResultsV95% of CTV, V90% of CTV, and V80% of rectum for the reproduced plans were 98.8 ± 3.49%, 99.5 ± 2.15%, and 4.39 ± 3.96 ml, respectively. Acceptance of V95% of CTV, V90% of CTV, and V80% of rectum was obtained in 123 (94%), 125 (95%) and 117 sessions (89%), respectively. Acceptance of the mean dose of V95% of CTV, V90% of CTV, and V80% of rectum for each patient was obtained in 10 (91%), 10 (91%), and 11 patients (100%), respectively.ConclusionsWe demonstrated acceptable interfractional robustness based on the dose distribution in scanning CIRT for prostate cancer.
Delta power robustly predicts cognitive function in Angelman syndrome
Authors: Ostrowski Lauren M. , Spencer Elizabeth R. , Bird Lynne M. , Thibert Ronald , Komorowski Robert W. , Kramer Mark A. , Chu Catherine J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveAngelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function of the maternally inherited UBE3A gene in neurons. Promising disease‐modifying treatments to reinstate UBE3A expression are under development and an early measure of treatment response is critical to their deployment in clinical trials. Increased delta power in EEG recordings, reflecting abnormal neuronal synchrony, occurs in AS across species and correlates with genotype. Whether delta power provides a reliable biomarker for clinical symptoms remains unknown.MethodsWe analyzed combined EEG recordings and developmental assessments in a large cohort of individuals with AS (N = 82 subjects, 133 combined EEG and cognitive assessments, 1.08–28.16 years; 32F) and evaluated delta power as a biomarker for cognitive function, as measured by the Bayley Cognitive Score. We examined the robustness of this biomarker to varying states of consciousness, recording techniques and analysis procedures.ResultsDelta power predicted the Bayley Scale cognitive score (P < 10−5, R2 = 0.9374) after controlling for age (P < 10−24), genotype:age (P < 10−11), and repeat assessments (P < 10−8), with the excellent fit on cross validation (R2 = 0.95). There were no differences in model performance across states of consciousness or bipolar versus average montages (ΔAIC < 2). Models using raw data excluding frontal channels outperformed other models (ΔAIC > 4) and predicted performance in expressive (P = 0.0209) and receptive communication (P < 10−3) and fine motor skills (P < 10−4).InterpretationDelta power is a simple, direct measure of neuronal activity that reliably correlates with cognitive function in AS. This electrophysiological biomarker offers an objective, clinically relevant endpoint for treatment response in emerging clinical trials.
Therapeutic siCCR2 Loaded by Tetrahedral Framework DNA Nanorobotics in Therapy for Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Fu Wei , Ma Lu , Ju Yan , Xu Jianguo , Li Hao , Shi Sirong , Zhang Tao , Zhou Ronghui , Zhu Jianwei , Xu Ruxiang , You Chao , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModulating microglial polarization is a potential strategy to assuage secondary brain injury caused by intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). However, despite decades of effort, effective therapies targeting microglia for ICH are still lacking. Here, a nanorobotic, tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA), is successfully synthesized and designed to carry C‐C chemokine receptor 2 (siCCR2) for use in in vitro hemin‐induced and in vivo collagenase‐induced ICH models. This nanoscale complex (tFNA‐siCCR2), which possesses biocompatibility, editability, and structural stability, exhibits a favorable effect in inhibiting the expression of CCR2. After treatment with tFNA‐siCCR2, hematoma absorption is accelerated, and neurological inflammation is mitigated by decreasing levels of proinflammatory cytokines, while increasing the release of anti‐inflammatory factors. Consequently, the neurological deficits of mice with ICH improve. These results indicate that inhibiting CCR2 expression during the acute phase of ICH polarizes microglia towards a therapeutic subtype, and restores neurological function, which demonstrates that tFNA has a promising ability to transfer siCCR2 for treating ICH.
Bioinspired Underwater Adhesion to Rough Substrates by Cavity Collapse of Cupped Microstructures
Authors: Wang Yue , Hensel René 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderwater or wet adhesion is highly desirable for numerous applications but is counteracted by the liquids in the contact which weaken intermolecular attraction. The problem is exacerbated in conjunction with surface roughness when liquids partially remain in grooves or dimples of the substrate. In the present study, a cupped microstructure with a cavity inspired by suction organs of aquatic animals is proposed. The microstructures (cup radius of 100 µm) are made from polyurethane using two‐photon lithography followed by replica molding. Adhesion to rough substrates is emulated experimentally by a micropatterned model substrate with varying channel widths. Pull‐off stresses are found to be about 200 kPa, i.e., twice atmospheric pressure. Evaluation of force–displacement curves together with in situ observations reveal the adhesion mechanism, which involves adaptation to surface roughness and an elastic force induced by the collapse of the cavity that holds sealed contact with the substrate during retraction. This new microarchitecture may pave the way for next generation microstructures applicable to real, rough surfaces under wet conditions.
Phosphorus and Oxygen Dual‐Doped Porous Carbon Spheres with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zhao Shuoqing , Yan Kang , Liang Jiayu , Yuan Qinghong , Zhang Jinqiang , Sun Bing , Munroe Paul , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHard carbons with low cost and high specific capacity hold great potential as anode materials for potassium‐based energy storage. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics and inevitable volume expansion degrade their electrochemical performance. Through rational nanostructure design and a heteroatom doping strategy, herein, the synthesis of phosphorus/oxygen dual‐doped porous carbon spheres is reported, which possess expanded interlayer distances, abundant redox active sites, and oxygen‐rich defects. The as‐developed battery‐type anode material shows high discharge capacity (401 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), outstanding rate capability, and ultralong cycling stability (89.8% after 10 000 cycles). In situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations further confirm that the formation of PC and PO/POH bonds not only improves structural stability, but also contributes to a rapid surface‐controlled potassium adsorption process. As a proof of concept, a potassium‐ion hybrid capacitor is assembled by a dual‐doped porous carbon sphere anode and an activated carbon cathode. It shows superior electrochemical performance, which opens a new avenue to innovative potassium‐based energy storage technology.
Photomultiplication‐Type Organic Photodetectors with Fast Response Enabled by the Controlled Charge Trapping Dynamics of Quantum Dot Interlayer
Authors: Han Se Gyo , Lee Hansol , Choi Wookjin , Lee Dongki , Kim Seunghyun , Sung Yunmo , Kim Sungjee , Cho Kilwon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel photomultiplication (PM)‐type organic photodiode (OPD) that responds much faster (109 kHz bandwidth) than conventional PM‐type OPDs is demonstrated. This fast response is achieved by introducing quantum dots (QDs) as a PM‐inducing interlayer at the interface between the electrode and the photoactive layer. When the device is illuminated, the photogenerated electrons within the photoactive layer are rapidly transferred and trapped in the trap states of the QD interlayer. The electron trapping subsequently leads to charging of the QD and a consequent shift of the QD energy levels, thereby inducing hole injection from the electrode. This PM mechanism is distinct from that of conventional PM‐type OPDs, whose PM usually requires a long time to induce hole (or electron) injection because of the slow transport and accumulation of electrons (or holes) within the photoactive layer. Because of its PM mechanism, the proposed QD‐interlayer PM‐type OPD achieves high bandwidth and high specific detectivity. In addition, it is demonstrated that the response speed of the proposed device is closely related to the charge trapping/detrapping dynamics of the QDs. This work not only offers a new concept in the design of fast‐responding PM‐type OPDs but also provides comprehensive understanding of the underlying device physics.
In Situ Defect‐Free Vertically Aligned Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Membrane for High Areal Capacity and Long‐Cycle Zinc‐Based Flow Battery
Authors: Hu Jing , Yuan Chenguang , Zhi Liping , Zhang Huamin , Yuan Zhizhang , Li Xianfeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐based flow batteries (ZFBs) are promising candidates for large scale energy storage devices. However, the challenges from zinc dendrites and limited areal capacity considerably impede their wide application. Here, an in situ vertical growth of layered double hydroxide membrane (LDH‐G) is constructed to enable long‐life ZFBs. Owing to the high hydroxide ion conductivity and ion selectivity nature of LDH nanosheets, specifically, the precise control of directional ion transport in vertical arrangement LDHs, a superior battery performance can be realized. Moreover, the defect‐free LDHs layer serves as a buffer layer to enable a uniform Zn deposition, which effectively enhances the areal capacity of the battery. As a result, the designed membrane endows an alkaline zinc‐iron flow battery with excellent rate performance and cycling stability, maintaining an energy efficiency of 80% at 260 mA cm−2 for 800 cycles, which is the highest performance ever reported. Most importantly, the LDHs layer enables the battery for 1200 h long‐cycle stability with a uniform Zn deposition and high areal capacity of 240 mAh cm−2. This work realizes an in situ growth of 3D LDHs arrays on the polymer substrate, which provides a strategy toward high areal capacity and dendrite‐free Zn deposition for ZFBs.
From Design to Clinic: Engineered Nanobiomaterials for Immune Normalization Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Saeed Madiha , Chen Fangming , Ye Jiayi , Shi Yang , Lammers Twan , De Geest Bruno G. , Xu Zhi Ping , Yu Haijun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is comprised of a complex milieu that contributes to stunting antitumor immune responses by restricting T cells to accumulate in the vicinity of the tumor. Nanomedicine‐based strategies are being proposed as a salvage effort to reinvigorate antitumor immunity. Various strategies, however, often fail to unleash the antitumor immune response because of the paucity of appropriate therapeutic targets in the complex TIME, invigorating a fervor of investigation into mechanisms underlying the TIME to resist nanomedicines. In this review article, effective nano/biomaterial‐based delivery and TIME normalization approaches that promote T cell‐mediated antitumor immune response will be discussed, with a focus on emerging preclinical and clinical strategies for immune normalization. Based on currently available evidence, it seems as if the ultimate success of cancer immunotherapy and nanomedicine hinges on the capacity to normalize the TIME. Here, how nanomedicines target immunosuppressive cells and signaling pathways to broaden the impact of cancer immunotherapy are explored. Acquisition of the urgently needed knowledge of nanomedicine‐mediated immune normalization will guide researchers and scientists towards clinical applications of cancer immunotherapy.
A Roadmap to Cardiac Tissue‐Engineered Construct Preservation: Insights from Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Authors: Sampaio‐Pinto Vasco , Janssen Jasmijn , Chirico Nino , Serra Margarida , Alves Paula M. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Voets Ilja K. , Sluijter Joost P. G. , van Laake Linda W. , van Mil Alain 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWorldwide, over 26 million patients suffer from heart failure (HF). One strategy aspiring to prevent or even to reverse HF is based on the transplantation of cardiac tissue‐engineered (cTE) constructs. These patient‐specific constructs aim to closely resemble the native myocardium and, upon implantation on the diseased tissue, support and restore cardiac function, thereby preventing the development of HF. However, cTE constructs off‐the‐shelf availability in the clinical arena critically depends on the development of efficient preservation methodologies. Short‐ and long‐term preservation of cTE constructs would enable transportation and direct availability. Herein, currently available methods, from normothermic‐ to hypothermic‐ to cryopreservation, for the preservation of cardiomyocytes, whole‐heart, and regenerative materials are reviewed. A theoretical foundation and recommendations for future research on developing cTE construct specific preservation methods are provided. Current research suggests that vitrification can be a promising procedure to ensure long‐term cryopreservation of cTE constructs, despite the need of high doses of cytotoxic cryoprotective agents. Instead, short‐term cTE construct preservation can be achieved at normothermic or hypothermic temperatures by administration of protective additives. With further tuning of these promising methods, it is anticipated that cTE construct therapy can be brought one step closer to the patient.
Self‐Powered MXene/GaN van der Waals Heterojunction Ultraviolet Photodiodes with Superhigh Efficiency and Stable Current Outputs
Authors: Song Weidong , Chen Jiaxin , Li Ziliang , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA self‐powered, high‐performance Ti3C2Tx MXene/GaN van der Waals heterojunction (vdWH)‐based ultraviolet (UV) photodiode is reported. Such integration creates a Schottky junction depth that is larger than the UV absorption depth to sufficiently separate the photoinduced electron/hole pairs, boosting the peak internal quantum efficiency over the unity and the external quantum efficiency over 99% under weak UV light without bias. The proposed Ti3C2Tx/GaN vdWH UV photodiode demonstrates pronounced photoelectric performances working in self‐powered mode, including a large responsivity (284 mA W−1), a high specific detectivity (7.06 × 1013 Jones), and fast response speed (rise/decay time of 7.55 µs/1.67 ms). Furthermore, the remarkable photovoltaic behavior leads to an impressive power conversion efficiency of 7.33% under 355 nm UV light illumination. Additionally, this work presents an easy‐processing spray‐deposition route for the fabrication of large‐area UV photodiode arrays that exhibit highly uniform cell‐to‐cell performance. The MXene/GaN photodiode arrays with high‐efficiency and self‐powered ability show high potential for many applications, such as energy‐saving communication, imaging, and sensing networks.
Traceable Nano‐Biohybrid Complexes by One‐Step Synthesis as CRISPR‐Chem Vectors for Neurodegenerative Diseases Synergistic Treatment
Authors: Shen Jie , Lu Zhiguo , Wang Jianze , Hao Qiulian , Ji Weihong , Wu Yanyue , Peng Huan , Zhao Ruichen , Yang Jun , Li Yan , Shi Zhuyan , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAbnormal protein aggregations are essential pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Eliminating while inhibiting the regeneration of these protein aggregates is considered an effective treatment strategy. Herein, the CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing tool is employed to inhibit the regeneration of disease‐related proteins, while chemical drugs are applied to eliminate the proteins that are produced. To efficiently deliver CRISPR‐chem drugs into brain lesions, traceable nano‐biohybrid complexes (F‐TBIO) are constructed by one‐step synthesis and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids (CF‐TBIO) are loaded in a controllable manner. CF‐TBIO can knock out the BACE1 gene and reduce the burden of amyloid‐β, and thereby significantly improve the cognitive abilities of 2xTg‐AD mice. In particular, by prolonging the dosing interval, the pathological damage and behavioral abilities of 2xTg‐AD mice are still significantly improved. During the therapeutic process, CF‐TBIO with a high relaxation rate provides accurate imaging signals in the complex brain physiological environment. The finding shows that CF‐TBIO has great potential to serve as a CRISPR‐chem drug‐delivery platform for neurodegenerative diseases therapy.
Incorporation of Sulfate Anions and Sulfur Vacancies in ZnIn2S4 Photoanode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Gao Wenchao , Meng Linxing , Tian Wei , Li Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSevere charge recombination and slow surface water oxidation kinetics seriously limit the practical application of ZnIn2S4 photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Herein, an in situ strategy to introduce sulfate (SO42−) anions and controlled bulk sulfur vacancies (Sv) into a ZnIn2S4 photoanode is developed, and its PEC performance is remarkably enhanced, achieving a photocurrent density of 3.52 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) and negatively shifted onset potential of 0.01 VRHE in phosphate buffer without a sacrificial agent under AM 1.5G illumination. The experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the SO42− groups enhance the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics, while bulk Sv improves the bulk carrier separation. The remarkable bulk carrier separation efficiency of 75.01% and surface carrier injection efficiency of 79.69% are achieved at 1.23 VRHE. This work provides a new route to design efficient photoanodes by the simultaneous manipulation of metal‐free anions and sulfur vacancies.
3D Optical Vortex Lattices
Authors: Ikonnikov Denis A. , Myslivets Sergey A. , Arkhipkin Vasily G. , Vyunishev Andrey M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFresnel diffraction of light beams with a topological charge on a 2D regular amplitude transparency mask is studied. Numerical predictions show that the 3D optical lattices of optical vortices can be formed using the Talbot effect, with these predictions confirmed by the experimental reconstruction of all 3D optical vortex lattices. The periodicity of the 3D optical vortex lattices is determined by the light wavelength and periodicity of a transparency mask. Furthermore, it is shown that the optical vortices are created and annihilated during light propagation behind the mask with the preservation of the total topological charge. The 3D optical vortex lattices are considered to be tolerant to the perturbations induced by trapped particles caused by the features of the Talbot effect. The 3D optical vortex lattices open new possibilities for light–matter interactions and the related applications.
Perioperative Nursing Care of the Patient Undergoing a Cochlear Implant Procedure
Authors: Peker Sevgi , Demir Korkmaz Fatma , Cukurova Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTA cochlear implant (CI) is used in the auditory rehabilitation of adult and pediatric patients with sensorineural hearing loss who do not benefit from conventional hearing aids. Perioperative nursing care of the patient with sensorineural hearing loss undergoing cochlear implantation is not extensively discussed in the literature. Preoperative care involves managing the patient and family’s expectations for the procedure and determining the most effective communication techniques for each patient. Postoperative care involves monitoring patients closely and identifying the signs and symptoms of a number of possible postoperative complications, as well as knowing how to prevent these complications and respond to them. Thorough patient and family discharge instructions are vital to a successful cochlear implantation result. This article provides perioperative nurses caring for patients receiving a CI with detailed information to help ensure that they provide these patients with the most appropriate and effective care.
SARS‐CoV‐2′s claimed natural origin is undermined by issues with genome sequences of its relative strains
Authors: Deigin Yuri , Segreto Rossana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRaTG13, MP789, and RmYN02 are the strains closest to SARS‐CoV‐2, and their existence came to light only after the start of the pandemic. Their genomes have been used to support a natural origin of SARS‐CoV‐2 but after a close examination all of them exhibit several issues. We specifically address the presence in RmYN02 and closely related RacCSxxx strains of a claimed natural PAA/PVA amino acid insertion at the S1/S2 junction of their spike protein at the same position where the PRRA insertion in SARS‐CoV‐2 has created a polybasic furin cleavage site. We show that RmYN02/RacCSxxx instead of the claimed insertion carry a 6‐nucleotide deletion in the region and that the 12‐nucleotide insertion in SARS‐CoV‐2 remains unique among Sarbecoviruses. Also, our analysis of RaTG13 and RmYN02's metagenomic datasets found unexpected reads which could indicate possible contamination. Because of their importance to inferring SARS‐CoV‐2′s origin, we call for a careful reevaluation of RaTG13, MP789 and RmYN02 sequencing records and assembly methods.