bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of the Rovelli–Smolin–DePietri volume operator in the spaces of monochromatic intertwiners
Authors: Kisielowski Marcin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study some properties of the Rovelli–Smolin–DePietri volume operator in loop quantum gravity, which significantly simplify the diagonalization problem and shed some light on the pattern of degeneracy of the eigenstates. The operator is defined by its action in the spaces of tensor products

H

j

1

⊗
⋯
⊗

H

j

N

of the irreducible SU(2) representation spaces

H

j

i

,
i
=
1
,
…
,
N

, labelled with spins

j

i

∈

1

2

N

. We restrict to spaces of SU(2) invariant tensors (intertwiners) with all spins equal j
1 =⋯= j

N
= j. We call them spin j monochromatic intertwiners. Such spaces are important in the study of SU(2) gauge invariant states that are isotropic and can be applied to extract the cosmological sector of the theory. In the case of spin 1/2 we solve the eigenvalue problem completely: we show that the volume operator is proportional to identity and calculate the proportionality factor.
A molecular relay race: sequential first-passage events to the terminal reaction centre in a cascade of diffusion controlled processes
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S , Metzler Ralf , Oshanin Gleb 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We consider a sequential cascade of molecular first-reaction events towards a terminal reaction centre in which each reaction step is controlled by diffusive motion of the particles. The model studied here represents a typical reaction setting encountered in diverse molecular biology systems, in which, e.g. a signal transduction proceeds via a series of consecutive ‘messengers’: the first messenger has to find its respective immobile target site triggering a launch of the second messenger, the second messenger seeks its own target site and provokes a launch of the third messenger and so on, resembling a relay race in human competitions. For such a molecular relay race taking place in infinite one-, two- and three-dimensional systems, we find exact expressions for the probability density function of the time instant of the terminal reaction event, conditioned on preceding successful reaction events on an ordered array of target sites. The obtained expressions pertain to the most general conditions: number of intermediate stages and the corresponding diffusion coefficients, the sizes of the target sites, the distances between them, as well as their reactivities are arbitrary.
Addendum: Refined bounds on MeV-scale thermal dark sectors from BBN and the CMB
Authors: Sabti Nashwan , Alvey James , Escudero Miguel , Fairbairn Malcolm , Blas Diego 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Very recently, the LUNA collaboration has reported a new measurement of the d+p→^3He+γ reaction rate, which plays an important role in the prediction of the primordial deuterium abundance at the time of BBN. This new measurement has triggered a new set of global BBN analyses within the context of the Standard Model. In this addendum to https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/01/004JCAP 01 (2020) 004 (arXiv:1910.01649), we consider the implications of these new results for our constraints on MeV-scale dark sectors. Importantly, we find that our bounds in the BBN-only and Planck-only analyses are insensitive to these updates. Similarly, we find that our constraints derived using BBN and CMB data simultaneously are not significantly modified for neutrinophilic particles. The bounds on electrophilic dark sector states, however, can vary moderately when combining BBN and CMB observations. We present updated results for all the relevant light dark sector states, calculated using the rates obtained by the leading groups performing standard BBN analyses.
Shaping urbanization to achieve communities resilient to floods
Authors: Hemmati Mona , Mahmoud Hussam N , Ellingwood Bruce R , Crooks Andrew T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Flood risk is increasing in urban communities due to climate change and socioeconomic development. Socioeconomic development is a major cause of urban expansion in flood-prone regions, as it places more physical, economic, and social infrastructure at risk. Moreover, in light of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the United Nations, it has become an international imperative to move toward sustainable cities. Current approaches to quantify this risk use scenario-based methods involving arbitrary projections of city growth. These methods seldom incorporate geographical, social, and economic factors associated with urbanization and cannot mimic city growth under various urban development plans. In this paper, we introduce a framework for understanding the interactions between urbanization and flood risk as an essential ingredient for flood risk management. This framework integrates an urban growth model with a hazard model to explore flood risk under various urban development scenarios. We then investigate the effectiveness of coupling nonstructural flood mitigation measures—in terms of urban planning policies and socioeconomic incentives—with urban growth processes to achieve sustainable and resilient communities. Using this framework, we can not only simulate urban expansion dynamics through time and its effect on flood risk but also model the growth of a region under various urban planning policies and assess the effectiveness of these measures in reducing flood risk. Our analysis reveals that while current urban development plans may put more people and assets at flood risk, the nonstructural strategies considered in this study mitigated the consequences of floods. Such a framework could be used to assist city planners and stakeholders in examining tradeoffs between costs and benefits of future land development in achieving sustainable and resilient cities.
Identification of strategies over tools for static code analysis
Authors: Stefanović Darko , Nikolić Danilo , Havzi Sara , Lolić Teodora , Dakić Dušanka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Static code analysis tools are being increasingly used to improve code quality. The source code’s quality is a key factor in any software product and requires constant inspection and supervision. Static code analysis is a valid way to infer the behavior of a program without executing it. Many tools allow static analysis in different frameworks, different programming languages, and detecting different defects in the source code. Different strategies of using static code analysis tools are often used, and these strategies are not classified. In this paper, an experiment was conducted on different tools and their use in relation to the standard code review cycle. The identified strategies for using static code analysis tools and the steps required to implement them are presented. When using the tool, users should choose one of the identified strategies to implement following the defined steps for successful implementation.
Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon derived from rubberwood sawdust by using KOH/KMnO4 as multiple function activation agents
Authors: Phainuphong S , Taweekun J , Theppaya T , Maliwan K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This research is focused on the effects of impregnation ratios using KOH/KMnO4 as multiple function activation agents on microporous of activated carbon. Rubberwood sawdust, the waste from wood processing industry, was used as a raw material in synthesis of activated carbon by chemical activation. The rubberwood sawdust was carbonized at 400 °C for 1 hour under an inert atmosphere to produce char. Chars were impregnated with different proportions of KOH and KMnO4. Impregnation time for each mixture proportion (Char: KOH: KMnO4) was 24 hours before activation for 3 hours at 800 °C. The surface area, pore volume, micropore volume, pore size distribution, porous structure, and adsorption isotherm were examined and considered as the properties of activated carbon. The results showed that the activated carbon with an impregnation ratio of 10:10:5, 10:30:0, and 10:30:5 have the surface area 750.89 m 2/g, 1574.39 m 2/g, and 1346.10 m 2/g, respectively. The pore volume and micropore volume were in the range between 0.3289-0.6405 cm 3/g and 0.1920-0.3533 cm 3/g. The average pore sizes were 1.75 nm, 1.63 nm, and 1.65 nm, respectively. These synthesized activated carbons were characterized as type I isotherm and microporous solids.
The Degradation of SA213-T22 steels Coated with Ni-based Alloy Containing WC-Co in Simulated Molten Salt Atmospheres
Authors: Thongyoug Penpisuth , Treewiriyakitja Paweena , Keereerakwattana Methawat , Tungtrongpairoj Jennarong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This work reveals the high-temperature oxidation resistance of WC-Co coated on SA213-T22 by High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) technique in simulated molten salt atmospheres and compare that with the uncoated Cr-containing steel. The corrosion behaviors of SA213-T22 coated and uncoated with WC-Co alloys were studied by immersion test under simulated molten salt atmospheres at 600 °C for 3 hours and investigated their corrosion current densities by electrochemical test. Scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS technique and X-ray diffraction were used to evaluate the surface morphology and phase constitution. The oxidation rate of the coated and uncoated steels was observed under simulated atmospheres at 750 °C for 120 hours before the immersion test. The mass gain scale increase with increasing the oxidation time and the oxidation rate of scale are limited by the WC-Co alloys coating layer, which acted as a protective layer. The low corrosion current density of the WC-Co self-fluxing coated steel after oxidation was shown 5 – 10 μA/cm 2 after the corrosion test in molten salt for 3 hours. After the immersion, the scale layer on the uncoated specimen was disappeared, but one-half of the oxidized coating layer on the coated specimen has remained.
Hantavirus Disease and COVID-19
Authors: Joyce Allison K , Oliver Tarrah T , Kofman Aaron D , Talker Donna L , Safaeian Shahrokh , Peker Barclift Deniz , Perricone Adam J , D’Andrea Shawn M , Whitesell Amy N , Yazzie Del , Guarner Jeannette , Saleki Mozafar , Ingall Glynnis B , Choi Mary J , Antone-Nez Ramona 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Navajo Nation is disproportionately affected by hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe respiratory disease that can quickly progress to respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock. The initial signs and symptoms of HCPS are indistinguishable from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, this distinction is critical, as the disease course differs greatly, with most patients with COVID-19 experiencing mild to moderate illness. We set out to determine if the evaluation of peripheral blood smears for five hematopathologic criteria previously identified as hallmarks of hantavirus infection, or “the hantavirus 5-point screen,” could distinguish between COVID-19 and HCPS.

Methods
The hantavirus 5-point screen was performed on peripheral blood smears from 139 patients positive for COVID-19 seeking treatment from Tséhootsooí Medical Center and two Emory University hospitals.

Results
Of these 139 individuals, 136 (98%) received a score of 3/5 or below, indicating low suspicion for HCPS. While thrombocytopenia, one of the key signs of HCPS, was seen in the patients with COVID-19, it was generally mild and remained stable on repeat specimens collected 12 to 24 hours later.

Conclusions
Given these findings, the 5-point screen remains a useful rapid screening tool for potential HCPS cases and may be useful to distinguish early HCPS from COVID-19 in HCPS endemic regions.
The Object of Jewish American Literary History
Authors: Franco Dean 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis essay explores assumptions underwriting literary categorization, focusing on Jewish American literary history in particular (mostly), and considers the scalar logic that allows us to link the singular text, with all of its luminous possibility, with the particular world of a given literary category. The essay’s first section critiques major claims about Jewish American literary history made over the last 20 years by observing the persistently underexamined use of a metaphorical and metaphysical concept of identity, and then lays out problems with scaling up between select texts and the larger category of a given field of literature. Problems of scale in Jewish American literary history are highlighted by comparison with recent critiques of African American literary history. Scale itself harbors problems of commensurability insofar as scaling between a single object and a set to which the object belongs requires acts of comparison which leap over differences of kind, a problem explored in the essay’s second section through analogies with problems of commensurability in the discipline of physics. The third section locates those problems of commensurability in Nicole Krauss’s novel Forest Dark (2017) and reads that novel’s direct confrontation with literary history as exemplifying how literary scholars can foreground multiplicity and possibility, precisely through the foregrounding of their own situated practice as interested agents.Rather than reproduce that figment by projecting a historically continuous and recognizable Jewishness across two centuries of literature, Jewish American literary studies should ally and coordinate itself with the field-questioning work occurring among Black and Latinx studies scholars who substantiate the salience of their field’s identity-based study, even as they depart from its historical formation.
The role of CpG island methylator phenotype in the clinical course of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yan Jun , Man Zhongsong , Gao Lu , Cai Lei , Lu Qian , Dong Jiahong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Aberrant DNA methylation is strongly associated with heterogeneity in tumors. This study investigated the prognostic value of CpG island methylator phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Results
A total of 319 HCC samples with 21 121 CpG sites were included in this study and 215 disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS)-related CpG sites were identified. These CpG sites were divided into seven clusters by using consensus clustering method. Cluster 4, which constructed the prognostic prediction model as the seed cluster to evaluate survival risk for DFS and OS of HCC patients, had the lowest methylation level with the worse prognosis. The low-risk group patients had a significantly prolonged DFS and OS than the patients in the high-risk group (P = 0.008 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). A receiver operating characteristic curve results for predicting DFS and OS were 0.691 and 0.695, respectively. These results suggested that the CpG site methylation appears to be an informative prognostic biomarker in HCC. The CpG site methylation-related prognostic model may be an innovative insight to evaluate clinical outcomes for HCC patients.

Availability and implementation
The code of the analysis is available at https://www.bioconductor.org.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Escape behaviour varies with distance from safe refuge
Authors: Mcelroy Eric J , Mcbrayer Lance D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Locomotor performance and behaviour are important for escape from predators, yet the intersection of these strategies is poorly studied. Escape behaviour is context dependent, and optimal escape theory predicts that animals that are farther from a safe refuge will generally use faster running speeds but might choose to use more variable escape paths. We studied locomotor performance and behaviour of six-lined racerunner lizards (Aspidoscelis sexlineata) escaping on natural surface runways that were varied experimentally to be either 5 or 10 m from a safe refuge. On the 5 m runway, lizards usually escaped directly towards the refuge, attained a slower maximal running speed (3.2 m s−1) at ~3 m from the start, and reached the target refuge in most of the trials (80%). On the 10 m runway, lizards used more variable behaviour, including reversals and turns, attained a faster maximal running speed (3.7 m s−1) at ~6 m from the start, and reached the final refuge in only 43% of trials. Free-ranging racerunners were rarely &gt; 5 m from their nearest refuge and used escape paths that were typically &lt; 5 m. Our findings align with predictions from optimal escape theory, in that the perceived risk of a predator–prey encounter can drive adjustments in locomotor behaviour and performance. Additionally, we show that the escape behaviour of free-ranging lizards closely matches their escape behaviour and performance during controlled escape trials.
Uniqueness and global optimality of the maximum likelihood estimator for the generalized extreme value distribution
Authors: Zhang Likun , Shaby Benjamin A 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe three-parameter generalized extreme value distribution arises from classical univariate extreme value theory, and is in common use for analysing the far tail of observed phenomena, yet important asymptotic properties of likelihood-based estimation under this standard model have not been established. In this paper we prove that the maximum likelihood estimator is global and unique. An interesting secondary result entails the uniform consistency of a class of limit relations in a tight neighbourhood of the true shape parameter.
Night shift work and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies
Authors: Van Nhung Thi Hong , Hoang Tung , Myung Seung-Kwon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Previous observational epidemiological studies have reported inconsistently the association between night shift work (NSW) and the risk of breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate those associations by using a meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies. We searched PubMed and EMBASE using keywords related to this topic from inception till November 2020. The pooled effect sizes such as odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR) or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. In the meta-analysis of a total of 32 observational studies including 13 case–control studies, 4 nested case–control studies and 15 cohort studies, NSW significantly increased the risk of BC (OR/RR/HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.20; I2 = 72.4%). In the subgroup meta-analysis by type of study, NSW was also associated with the increased risk of BC in case–control studies (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.17–1.53; I2 = 63.8%). However, no significant association was found in both nested case–control studies (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.89–1.46; I2 = 65.8%) and cohort studies (RR/HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.93–1.03; I2 = 25.3%). Besides, there was no significant association between NSW for over 20 years and the risk of BC (OR/RR/HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.95–1.11; I2 = 36.6%, n = 14). Given that cohort studies provide higher evidence than case–control studies, there is no association between NSW and the risk of BC.
A Longitudinal, Observational Study of Etiology and Long-Term Outcomes of Sepsis in Malawi Revealing the Key Role of Disseminated Tuberculosis
Authors: Lewis Joseph M , Mphasa Madlitso , Keyala Lucy , Banda Rachel , Smith Emma L , Duggan Jackie , Brooks Tim , Catton Matthew , Mallewa Jane , Katha Grace , Gordon Stephen B , Faragher Brian , Gordon Melita A , Rylance Jamie , Feasey Nicholas A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Sepsis protocols in sub-Saharan Africa are typically extrapolated from high-income settings, yet sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa is likely caused by distinct pathogens and may require novel treatment strategies. Data to guide such strategies are lacking. We aimed to define causes and modifiable factors associated with sepsis outcomes in Blantyre, Malawi, in order to inform the design of treatment strategies tailored to sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
We recruited 225 adults who met a sepsis case definition defined by fever and organ dysfunction in an observational cohort study at a single tertiary center. Etiology was defined using culture, antigen detection, serology, and polymerase chain reaction. The effect of treatment on 28-day outcomes was assessed using Bayesian logistic regression.

Results
There were 143 of 213 (67%) participants living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We identified a diagnosis in 145 of 225 (64%) participants, most commonly tuberculosis (TB; 34%) followed by invasive bacterial infections (17%), arboviral infections (13%), and malaria (9%). TB was associated with HIV infection, whereas malaria and arboviruses with the absence of HIV infection. Antituberculous chemotherapy was associated with survival (adjusted odds ratio for 28-day death, 0.17; 95% credible interval, 0.05–0.49 for receipt of antituberculous therapy). Of those with confirmed etiology, 83% received the broad-spectrum antibacterial ceftriaxone, but it would be expected to be active in only 24%.

Conclusions
Sepsis in Blantyre, Malawi, is caused by a range of pathogens; the majority are not susceptible to the broad-spectrum antibacterials that most patients receive. HIV status is a key determinant of etiology. Novel antimicrobial strategies for sepsis tailored to sub-Saharan Africa, including consideration of empiric antituberculous therapy in individuals living with HIV, should be developed and trialed.
Jaccoud’s arthropathy: a rare but well-known clinical entity
Authors: Golwara Ashish Kumar , Kumar Prabhat , Jha Parikshit , Thakur Deepashree 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Jaccoud arthropathy is a deforming non-erosive arthropathy characterized by ulnar deviation of the 2nd to 5th fingers with metacarpophalangeal joint subluxation that is correctable with physical manipulation [Mittermayer S, Viviane M. Jaccoud's arthropathy. N Engl J Med 2015;373:e1.]. It was traditionally described as occurring post-rheumatic fever but also seen in association with systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and malignancy [Palazzi C, D'Amico E, De Santis D, Petricca A. Jaccoud's arthropathy of the hands as a complication of pyrophosphate arthropathy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001;40:354–355.]. It is thought to be related to ligamentous laxity. It typically affects the metacarpophalangeal joints but can also affect the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands, wrists, and knees [Spina MF, Beretta L, Masciocchi M, Scorza R. Clinical and radiological picture of Jaccoud arthropathy in the context of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:728–729.]. Hand radiographs typically show marked ulnar subluxation and deviation at the metacarpophalangeal joints with absence of erosions. We present a case in a very young female with no prior history of rheumatic fever or acute arthritis at any stage of illness.