bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between COVID‐19 public health interventions and major trauma presentation in the northern region of New Zealand
Authors: McGuinness Matthew J. , Harmston Christopher ,   The Northern Region Trauma Network
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe New Zealand government implemented restrictive public health interventions to eradicate Covid‐19. Early reports suggest that one downstream ramification is a change in trauma presentations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect these public health measures had on major trauma admissions in the Northern Region, New Zealand.MethodsA retrospective comparative cohort study was performed. Two cohorts were identified: 16 March to 8 June 2020 and the same period in 2019. Data was extracted from the New Zealand Major Trauma Registry which prospectively collects data on all major trauma in New Zealand. All patients who presented to a hospital in the Northern Region with major trauma and met the Registry inclusion criteria were included.ResultsThere were 163 major trauma admissions in 2019 and 123 in 2020, a reduction of 25% (rate ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.6–0.95; P = 0.018). There was no significant difference in mechanism of injury (P = 0.442), type of injury (P = 0.062) or intent of injury (P = 0.971). There was a significant difference in place of injury (P = 0.004) with 20% of injuries happening at home in 2019 compared with 35% in 2020.ConclusionThis study has shown that public health interventions to prevent the spread of COVID‐19 reduced major trauma admissions in the Northern Region of New Zealand. There was a variation in effect a between institutions within the region and a change in pattern of injury.
Social‐cognitive predictors of parental supervised toothbrushing: An application of the health action process approach
Authors: Smith Stephanie R. , Kroon Jeroen , Schwarzer Ralf , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundWe examined the social cognition determinants of parental supervised toothbrushing guided by the health action process approach (HAPA).MethodsIn a prospective correlational survey study, participants (N = 185, 84.3% women) completed HAPA social cognition constructs at an initial time point (T1), and 12 weeks later (T2) self‐reported on their parental supervised toothbrushing behaviour, toothbrushing habit, and action control.ResultsStructural equation models exhibited adequate fit with the data when past behaviour and habit were either excluded or included. Intention, self‐efficacy, planning, and action control were predictors of parental supervised toothbrushing; intention predicted action planning and coping planning; and self‐efficacy and attitude were predictors of intention. Indirect effects of social cognition constructs through intentions, and intentions through planning constructs were also observed. Inclusion of past behaviour and habit attenuated model effects.ConclusionResults indicate that parental supervised toothbrushing is a function of motivational and volitional processes. This knowledge can be used to inform behaviour change interventions targeting parental supervised toothbrushing.
New evidence on the minimal important change (MIC) for the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI)
Authors: Yüksel Yasemin Topal , Agner Tove , Ofenloch Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHow changes in hand eczema (HE) severity correlate with the single scores on the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) is sparsely investigated and particularly needed in clinical trials.ObjectivesTo find the minimal important change (MIC) for HECSI based on patient's and physician's assessments using different methods.MethodsIn this prospective follow‐up study, three different anchors were used: two anchor questions for patients and physician, respectively, and the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) with a photographic guide. MIC was estimated by mean change in patients with a one‐step increase to anchor‐questions, receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) plot, and smallest detectable change (SDC).ResultsOne hundred fifty‐two patients with HE (63.8% female) were included at baseline (89% completed follow‐up). The mean change, ROC cutoff, and SDC values were 7.1, 4.5, 21.4 (patient‐rating), 8.2, 4.5, 8.3 (physician‐rating), and 16.6, 6.5, 27.1 points (PGA), respectively. SDC stratified by baseline severity was 2.9 and 11 points for mild and moderate‐severe HE (physician‐rating), respectively.ConclusionIdentification of the MIC for the HECSI is important in relation to evaluation of treatment, intervention, and sample‐size calculations. An improvement of 8.3 points on the HECSI is recommended as the MIC. MIC values may differ according to baseline severity, and this variation should be clarified in future studies.
Principles for the socially responsible use of conservation monitoring technology and data
Authors: Sandbrook Chris , Clark Douglas , Toivonen Tuuli , Simlai Trishant , O'Donnell Stephanie , Cobbe Jennifer , Adams William 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWildlife conservation and research benefits enormously from automated and interconnected monitoring tools. Some of these tools, such as drones, remote cameras, and social media, can collect data on humans, either accidentally or deliberately. They can therefore be thought of as conservation surveillance technologies (CSTs). There is increasing evidence that CSTs, and the data they yield, can have both positive and negative impacts on people, raising ethical questions about how to use them responsibly. CST use may accelerate because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, adding urgency to addressing these ethical challenges. We propose a provisional set of principles for the responsible use of such tools and their data: (a) recognize and acknowledge CSTs can have social impacts; (b) deploy CSTs based on necessity and proportionality relative to the conservation problem; (c) evaluate all potential impacts of CSTs on people; (d) engage with and seek consent from people who may be observed and/or affected by CSTs; (e) build transparency and accountability into CST use; (f) respect peoples' rights and vulnerabilities; and (g) protect data in order to safeguard privacy. These principles require testing and could conceivably benefit conservation efforts, especially through inclusion of people likely to be affected by CSTs.
Ozone‐induced encephalopathy: A novel iatrogenic entity
Authors: Haggiag Shalom , Prosperini Luca , Stasolla Alessandro , Gerace Carmela , Tortorella Carla , Gasperini Claudio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeOzone‐based treatments can be associated with central nervous system toxicity, which we have termed ozone‐induced encephalopathy (OIE). A detailed description of its phenotype is lacking.MethodsThree cases with findings suggestive of OIE are presented, and the literature is reviewed.ResultsCase 1 is a healthy 59‐year‐old man presenting with loss of consciousness, cortical blindness, restlessness, and anterograde amnesia immediately following a cervical ozone‐therapy (OT) session for chronic neck pain. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on admission was normal. A follow‐up scan demonstrated a subtle increased T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery signal within the left cerebellum; an echocardiography showed a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Case 2 is a 56‐year‐old woman with history of migraine, PFO, and lumbar pain who presented with headache, bilateral visual impairment, motor dysphasia, and agitation. All her symptoms began immediately after lumbar OT. Her brain MRI was negative. Case 3 is a healthy 27‐year‐old man who complained of vertigo and mild blurred vision 5 min following a cervical ozone injection. His neurological examination and brain MRI were normal. All three patients had full recovery within 48 h. We found eight additional cases of OIE in the literature.ConclusionsOIE should be considered in patients presenting with neurological symptoms in close relation to OT. OIE is likely a novel iatrogenic entity with a complex pathogenesis; it is probably underreported because it mimics other neurological conditions.
Earnings management around founder CEO reappointments and successions in family firms
Authors: Ansari Iram F. , Goergen Marc , Mira Svetlana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies reappointment of a chief executive officer (CEO) and succession events in listed family firms with an incumbent family CEO. We explore whether family firms with a founder CEO are more likely to engage in earnings management preevent than other family firms. We find evidence of preevent upward earnings management for firms that reappoint their founder CEO but no for other family firms. These findings suggest that the costs and benefits from earnings management change around founder CEO reappointments in family firms. Investors, auditors, policymakers and regulators should be aware of the temptation of founder CEOs to inflate earnings preceding their reappointment.
Polycystin‐1 modulates RUNX2 activation and osteocalcin gene expression via ERK signalling in a human craniosynostosis cell model
Authors: Katsianou Maira , Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Zoi Ilianna , Gargalionis Antonios N. , Panagopoulos Dimitrios , Themistocleous Marios S. , Piperi Christina , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Basdra Efthimia K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCraniosynostosis refers to the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures leading to skull shape deformities and brain growth restriction. Among the many factors that contribute to abnormal suture fusion, mechanical forces seem to play a major role. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanobiology‐related mechanisms of craniosynostosis still remain unknown. Understanding how aberrant mechanosensation and mechanotransduction drive premature suture fusion will offer important insights into the pathophysiology of craniosynostosis and result in the development of new therapies, which can be used to intervene at an early stage and prevent premature suture fusion. Herein, we provide evidence for the first time on the role of polycystin‐1 (PC1), a key protein in cellular mechanosensitivity, in craniosynostosis, using primary cranial suture cells isolated from patients with trigonocephaly and dolichocephaly, two common types of craniosynostosis. Initially, we showed that PC1 is expressed at the mRNA and protein level in both trigonocephaly and dolichocephaly cranial suture cells. Followingly, by utilizing an antibody against the mechanosensing extracellular N‐terminal domain of PC1, we demonstrated that PC1 regulates runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) activation and osteocalcin gene expression via extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in our human craniosynostosis cell model. Altogether, our study reveals a novel mechanotransduction signalling axis, PC1‐ERK‐RUNX2, which affects osteoblastic differentiation in cranial suture cells from trigonocephaly and dolichocephaly patients.
Reproductive biology of hardhead catfish Ariopsis felis: evidence for overwintering oocytes
Authors: Pensinger Lucas G. , Brown‐Peterson Nancy J. , Green Christopher C. , Midway Stephen R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHardhead catfish Ariopsis felis are a common marine catfish in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The low economic value of this species has depressed interest and research, and although the species is known for its extremely low fecundity and large oocytes, little else is known about this catfish species. A total of 1230 samples across all months of the year from 2016 to 2018 resulted in 681 females, and analysis of gonado‐somatic index (IG) revealed 1% to be a clear cut‐off indicating maturity. Females are considered capable of spawning from April to June when IG averaged 4–8%. Both atresia and post‐ovulatory follicles were present in July, suggesting that spawning ends in July in the northern GOM. The 1% IG cut‐off was used to designate maturity, and from that an L50 of 253 mm was estimated. Batch fecundity from 41 females estimated a mean batch size of 36 oocytes. Perhaps the most interesting finding was the presence of secondary growth stage oocytes (e.g., cortical alveoli) from July through November, well outside the spawning capable period. Furthermore, 78% of females had some early vitellogenic oocytes present during the non‐spawning season, and the distribution of these relatively large (2–5 mm) oocytes did not change over time. The results here are not only important as reproductive biology information for a common and abundant species, but also present interesting and unusual patterns of non‐spawning season oocyte development that is not commonly seen in Western Hemisphere subtropical fish species.
Programmed cell death‐ligand 1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics
Authors: Mou Haibo , Yang Qiu‐an , Yu Lanfang , Wang Ting , Liu Kui , Shen Rong , Pan Xuedong , Dai Yi , Wan Qing , Zhou Fangling , Qian Lili , Chen Donglin , Yau Thomas , Dong Xiaowei , Wang Xuemei , Wang Shuang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimProgrammed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) immunohistochemistry score has been approved as the predictive biomarker for anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 therapy in several advanced malignancies. Although its predictive role remained inconclusive in hepatocellular carcinoma, ongoing study of anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 therapy showed promising results. However, less is known about the PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry score and factors correlated with it in hepatocellular carcinoma. We investigated PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry scores in a large cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as its correlation with various clinical and genomic factors.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of PD‐L1 protein in 315 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. All slides were independently reviewed by three senior pathologists. Next‐generation YS panel (450 genes) sequencing was performed on 309 patients.ResultsHigher PD‐L1 expression as measured by combined positive score (CPS) was associated with increased Edmondson–Steiner grade (grade III vs II, P = 0.041) and TP53 mutations (P = 0.021). PD‐L1 CPS had no correlation with tumor mutational burden (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.067). PD‐L1 CPS was not significantly associated with hepatitis B virus infection.ConclusionsOur data indicated that patients with higher Edmondson–Steiner grade (grade III) had significantly higher PD‐L1 CPS than patients with lower Edmondson–Steiner grade (grade II). Patients with TP53 mutations had significantly higher PD‐L1 expression.
Adverse events associated with home blood transfusion: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sharp Rebecca , Turner Lisa , Altschwager Jodie , Corsini Nadia , Esterman Adrian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine the rate of individual and system adverse events associated with blood transfusion at home.BackgroundHome or residential care facility based blood transfusion is beneficial for individuals requiring transfusion due to reduced disruption to daily life and the comfort of a familiar environment. However, blood transfusion may result in serious adverse events. There is a lack of research in this area, and there is a need to identify rates of adverse events and evaluate the system used for this service.DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsExisting data routinely collected for clinical care were used to determine client and system adverse events of medically stable adults with a chronic disease who underwent blood transfusion in a home setting provided by a nurse‐led service. A STROBE EQUATOR checklist was used for this study (see Appendix S1).ResultsThere were 1790 episodes of care involving 533 participants, with 13 cases of transfusion reaction (incident rate [IR] 0.7%; 95% CI 0.43–1.25). Only five of these were severe, resulting in the cessation of the blood transfusion and further medical review or hospital admission (IR 0.28%; 95% CI 0.12–0.68). There were no cases of tampered blood packaging, expired or visually damaged blood products. There were 10 cases of incorrect paperwork (0.6%) and nine cases of incorrect temperature (0.5%). There were 153 cases of vascular access device adverse events (IR 8.5% 95% CI 7.3–9.9), most commonly, difficulty cannulating the individual (n = 82, 54%).ConclusionsA nurse‐led home blood transfusion service was associated with low rates of both individual and system adverse events. Further research is needed to explore the perception of those using this service and supports required to improve the experience.Relevance to clinical practiceBlood transfusions may be associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This risk may be increased in a home setting due to the distance from an acute care facility. This study has demonstrated that a nurse‐led home blood transfusion service is safe (<1% adverse event rate) for those with a medically stable, chronic condition. There were few failures in the system used to provide this service. Adverse events associated with the vascular access device were the most common complication and the reason for most blood product wastage. Mainly, this was due to difficulty inserting the short‐term peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC). RNs should consider ultrasound to aid PIVC insertion to facilitate treatment provision and enhance the experience of the individual.
Community‐ based maternal and newborn interventions in Africa: Systematic review
Authors: Nishimwe Clemence , Mchunu Gugu G. , Mukamusoni Dariya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesThis review analysed the implementation and integration into healthcare systems of maternal and newborn healthcare interventions in Africa that include community health workers to reduce maternal and newborn deaths.BackgroundMost neonatal deaths (99%) occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries, with approximately half happening at home. In resource‐constrained settings, community‐based maternal and newborn care is regarded as a sound programme for improving newborn survival. Health workers can play an important role in supporting families to adopt sound health practices, encourage delivery in healthcare facilities and ensure timeous referral. Maternal and newborn mortality is a major public health problem, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa, where the Millennium Development Goals 4, 5 and 6 were not achieved at the end of 2015.MethodsThe review includes quantitative, qualitative and mixed‐method studies, with a data‐based convergent synthesis design being used, and the results grouped into categories and trends. The review took into account the participants, interventions, context and outcome frameworks (PICO), and followed the adapted PRISMA format for reporting systematic reviews of the qualitative and quantitative evidence guide checklist.ResultsThe results from the 17 included studies focused on three themes: antenatal, delivery and postnatal care interventions as a continuum. The main components of the interventions were inadequate, highlighting the need for improved planning before each stage of implementation. A conceptual framework of planning and implementation was elaborated to improve maternal and newborn health.ConclusionThe systematic review highlight the importance of thoroughly planning before any programme implementation, and ensuring that measures are in place to enable continuity of services.Relevant to the clinical practiceConceptual framework of planning and implementation of maternal and newborn healthcare interventions by maternal community health workers.
Otopathogen interactions in the nasopharynx of children, and the predictive value of nasopharyngeal aspirate culture for the aetiology of upper respiratory infections
Authors: Browne Jessica J , Matthews Evan H , Taylor‐Robinson Andrew W , Kyd Jennelle M 
Published: March 2021

AimTo evaluate nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures for screening otopathogen carriage in the adenoid in children 2–7 years of age.MethodsThirty‐seven children, 2–7 years of age, scheduled for adenoidectomy were enrolled into this prospective study at Rockhampton, Australia. Adenoid biopsy and nasopharyngeal aspirate bacteriology were assessed by conventional culture. Demographic and environmental data were collected by questionnaire. Statistical analyses for descriptive, comparison and logistic regression tests between microbial, demographic, environmental and clinical groups were applied.ResultsStreptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were detected in 38, 38, 35 and 24% of cases, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was an independent determinant for non‐typeable H. influenzae and S. aureus colonisation, and S. aureus was an independent determinant for S. pneumoniae colonisation. The nasopharyngeal aspirate otopathogen cultures were strong predictors for otopathogens in the adenoid, with moderate‐high test accuracy for all otopathogens (receiver operator characteristics area under the curve ranging from 71 to 97% for the otopathogens tested). Children with positive non‐typeable H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae and S. aureus nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures were more likely to have the equivalent species in adenoid cultures (positive likelihood ratios = undefined, 15.0, 9.09 and 5.85, respectively).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures are an indicator of otopathogens in the adenoid. Nasopharyngeal aspirate cultures may provide clinicians with information that informs clinical management. Strategies for improved management to reduce otopathogen carriage could reduce the prevalence of chronic upper respiratory infections that contribute to adenoidectomy.
Digestibility of phosphorus in growing pigs as influenced by source and concentration of dietary phosphorus and collection site
Authors: Aderibigbe Ayodeji , Ajuwon Kolapo , Adeola Olayiwola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current study examined the influence of source and concentration of dietary phosphorus (P) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in growing pigs. Eighteen cannulated barrows (25 ± 5 kg) were allotted to a triplicate 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with six diets and three periods. The diets comprised of soybean meal (SBM) or distillers' dried grain with solubles (DDGS) as sole sources of dietary P, and three concentrations of P (2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 g/kg) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The AID and ATTD of P were not different (p = 0.37) in all diets. Apparent digestibility of P was affected (p < 0.01) by source and concentration of P. There was no interaction between source and concentration of dietary P on the apparent digestibility of P. Determined by regression analysis, the true ileal digestibility of P was 58.3% or 57.6%, and true total tract digestibility of P was 56.0% or 62.6%, for SBM or DDGS, respectively. The regression‐derived ileal endogenous P loss (EPL) was 0.61 or 0.13 g/kg DM intake, and total tract EPL was 0.53 or 0.35 g/kg DM intake, for SBM or DDGS, respectively. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that both the source and concentration of dietary P affect the digestibility of P in growing pigs.