bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of parent-to-child maltreatment in the pathway of self-reported depressive symptoms in Pakistani adolescents
Authors: Lakhdir Maryam Pyar Ali , Akber Ali Naureen , Peerwani Ghazal , Farooq Salima , Khaliq Asif , Nathwani Apsara Ali , Azam Syed Iqbal 
Published: December 2021

Background Parent-to-child maltreatment has been demonstrated to drastically affect a child’s mental well-being and plays a significant role in developing depressive symptoms. However, little is established about the effect of frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment on the development of depressive symptoms among Pakistani adolescents. Methods A longitudinal prospective study was conducted, from 2015 to 2017, with 800 adolescents aged 11–17 years old recruited from 32 systematically selected urban and peri-urban areas of Karachi. First, these adolescents were screened for parent-to-child maltreatment in 2015 in a cross-sectional survey. Children with diagnosed psychiatric conditions were excluded from the study. In the second phase, these individuals were followed for 2 years to investigate the symptoms of depressive disorder using a validated tool, “CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies) Depression scale.” The Cox proportional algorithm was used to examine the relationship between the frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Results Approximately 11% of frequently, 9% of occasionally parent-to-child, and 7%of negligibly maltreated adolescents reported depressive symptoms over 2 years. The other significant predictors of depressive symptoms were no formal education of the child (RR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.35–7.34), presence of stressful home environment (RR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.22–3.94), and having both uneducated parents (RR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.90–3.21). The frequently maltreated females were found to have 4 times the higher risk compared to rarely maltreated males. In addition, frequently maltreated males were twice likely to develop depressive symptoms. Conclusion The results suggested that frequent parent-to-child maltreatment occurring during childhood leads to the development of depressive symptoms later in the adolescence period. Thus, there is a dire need for interventions to raise awareness among the society on the issue of parent-to-child mistreatment to minimize later mental health consequences.
Engaging primary care providers in a mobile health strategy to support lifestyle change and blood pressure management
Authors: Nau Tracy , Owen Alice , Mazza Danielle , Smith Ben J 
Published: December 2021

Objective The delivery of lifestyle advice concerning diet and physical activity has been found to be suboptimal in primary care settings, including for patients who require this for clinical management. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of integrating a mobile health intervention into primary care to support patients with improving lifestyle behaviours for high blood pressure. Methods Thirty-one patients aged 40–70 years were recruited by seven general practitioners to trial a 6-month mobile health intervention that included videos, web-based education and text message reminders. Semi-structured interviews with general practitioners and patients explored intervention feasibility and acceptability. Web analytics were used to measure intervention use, and pre- and post-questionnaires measured patient ratings of content and behaviour changes. Results General practitioners and patients perceived the intervention to be an acceptable tool for supporting high blood pressure management. However, general practitioners reported recruitment challenges and patient engagement was limited for the web and video components. Questionnaires revealed no significant changes in behaviours, although the program was generally regarded by patients as motivating and some reported acquiring new knowledge and awareness. Patient suggestions for improvement included greater individualisation of content and opportunity for interaction with their general practitioner. Conclusions There is scope to improve lifestyle interventions for the management of high blood pressure in the busy primary care environment using supplementary mobile health strategies. Further intervention refinement and formative evaluation is required to identify strategies that can be integrated into routine care and achieve high patient engagement.
Comparison of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 as Screening Tools for Depression and School Related Stress in Inner City Adolescents
Authors: Anand Paridhi , Bhurji Navpreet , Williams Nadia , Desai Ninad 
Published: December 2021

Background Major depressive disorder is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in adolescents. Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality between 15 and 19 years. Both AAP and USPSTF recommend routine depression screening of adolescents. Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) are widely used in primary care practice, however, PHQ-2 does not screen for suicidality. School-related factors are known to affect adolescent mental health. Purpose To compare PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 for depression screening in adolescents, with respect to age, gender, chronic illness over the course of 9 months. Methods As a QI initiative, we compared screening results in our inner-city pediatric practice using PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 from Jun’18 to Feb’19. EMR of 2364 patients 12 to 21 years were reviewed. We considered the PHQ-2 score of ≥2 and PHQ-9 of ≥10 as positive. Pre-existing chronic medical and mental illnesses were noted. Results Of these 61.5% of patients were females, 95% were Black/Hispanic, and 96% were insured by Medicaid. About 10.6% of PHQ-9 tests were positive whereas 7.4% PHQ2 were positive. Logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of age, gender, and chronic illness. Females were more likely to have a positive screen, as were patients with chronic illness. Age had no effect on the outcome. The screening yield for both tests was comparable in the summer months. PHQ9 yield increased while schools were in session while PHQ 2 remained stable. Conclusion PHQ9 is superior as a screening test compared to PHQ2. Repeat screening should be targeted toward patients with chronic medical conditions and/or mental health diagnoses. PHQ9 may be better at screening for school-related stress.
Return to Work After Pectoralis Major Repair
Authors: Agarwalla Avinesh , Gowd Anirudh K. , Liu Joseph N. , Garcia Grant H. , Nicholson Gregory P. , Forsythe Brian , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Pectoralis major repair (PMR) is an infrequent injury that occurs during resistance training, most commonly during the eccentric phase of muscle contraction. As the incidence of weight training continues to increase, it is important to understand the outcomes after PMR. Purpose: To evaluate the rate and duration of return to work in patients undergoing PMR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing PMR from 2010 to 2016 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. Patients completed a standardized and validated work questionnaire, as well as a visual analog scale for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons survey, Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation, and a satisfaction survey. Results: Of the 60 eligible patients who had a PMR, 49 (81.7%) were contacted at the final follow-up. Of the 49 patients, 46 (93.9%) had been employed within 3 years before surgery (mean ± SD age, 40.4 ± 8.2 years; follow-up, 3.9 ± 2.8 years). Of these, 45 (97.8%) returned to work by 1.6 ± 2.1 months postoperatively, and 41 (89.1%) returned to the same level of occupational intensity. Patients who held sedentary, light-, medium-, or high-intensity occupations returned to work at a rate of 100.0%, 100.0%, 83.3%, and 66.7% by 0.8 ± 1.0, 0.8 ± 1.0, 1.3 ± 2.7, and 3.3 ± 2.7 months, respectively. Five of 6 patients (83.3%) with workers’ compensation returned to their previous occupations by 5.0 ± 1.6 months, while 100% of those without workers’ compensation returned to work by 1.1 ± 1.7 months ( P < .001). Overall, 44 patients (95.7%) were satisfied with the procedure, and 40 (87.0%) would have the operation again if presented the opportunity. A single patient (2.2%) required revision PMR. Conclusion: Approximately 98% of patients who underwent PMR returned to work by 1.6 ± 2.1 months postoperatively. Patients with higher-intensity occupations took longer to return to their preoperative levels of occupational intensity. Information regarding return to work is imperative in preoperative patient consultation to manage expectations.
Quadriceps Tendon Autograft in Pediatric ACL Reconstruction: Graft Dimensions and Prediction of Size on Preoperative MRI
Authors: Baghdadi Soroush , VanEenenaam David P. , Williams Brendan A. , Lawrence J. Todd R. , Maguire Kathleen J. , Wells Lawrence , Ganley Theodore J. 
Published: December 2021

Background: There is increased interest in quadriceps autograft anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the pediatric population. Purpose: To evaluate children and adolescents who underwent ACL reconstruction using a quadriceps autograft to determine the properties of the harvested graft and to assess the value of demographic, anthropometric, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in predicting the graft size preoperatively. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective database search was performed from January 2018 through October 2020 for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Patients <18 years old at the time of surgery in whom a quadriceps tendon autograft was used were selected. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were recorded, and graft measurements were abstracted from the operative notes. Knee MRI scans were reviewed to measure the quadriceps tendon thickness on sagittal cuts. Graft length and diameter were then correlated with anthropometric and radiographic data. Results: A total of 169 patients (98 male) were included in the final analysis, with a median age of 15 years (range, 9-17 years). A tendon length ≥65 mm was harvested in 159 (94%) patients. The final graft diameter was 8.4 ± 0.7 mm (mean ± SD; range, 7-11 mm). All patients had a graft diameter ≥7 mm, and 139 (82%) had a diameter ≥8 mm. Preconditioning decreased the graft diameter by a mean 0.67 ± 0.23 mm. Age ( P = .04) and quadriceps thickness on MRI ( P = .003) were significant predictors of the final graft diameter. An MRI sagittal thickness >6.7 mm was 97.4% sensitive for obtaining a graft ≥8 mm in diameter. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that tendon-only quadriceps autograft is a reliable graft source in pediatric ACL reconstruction, yielding a graft diameter ≥8 mm in 82% of pediatric patients. Furthermore, preoperative MRI measurements can be reliably used to predict a graft of adequate diameter in children and adolescents undergoing ACL reconstruction, with a sagittal thickness >6.7 mm being highly predictive of a final graft size ≥8 mm.
Immune-Related Long Non-coding RNA Constructs a Prognostic Signature of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Li Shan , Lv Xuemei , Yan Yuanyuan , Wei Minjie , He Miao , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince ovarian cancer leads to the poor prognosis in women all over the world, we aim to construct an immune-related lncRNAs signature to improve the survival of ovarian cancer patients.MethodsNormal and cancer patient samples and corresponding clinical data of ovarian were obtained from The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) portal and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The predictive signature was constructed by the lasso penalty Cox proportional hazard regression model. The division of different risk groups was accounting for the optimal critical value of the time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, we validated and evaluated the application of this prognostic signature based on the clinical factors, chemo-sensitivity and immune status of different risk groups.ResultsThe signature was established from 145 DEirlncRNAs and can be shown as an independent prognostic risk factor with accurate prediction on overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Further analysis on the application of the prognostic signature showed that patients with low-risk had a better sensitivity to chemotherapy and a higher immunogenicity.ConclusionWe constructed and verified an effective signature based on DEirlncRNA pairs, which could predict the prognosis, drug sensitivity and immune status of ovarian cancer patients and promote the prognostic estimation and individualized treatment.
Pre- and post-home visit behaviors after using after-hours house call (AHHC) medical services: a questionnaire-based survey in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Inokuchi Ryota , Morita Kojiro , Jin Xueying , Ishikawa Masatoshi , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
After-hours house call (AHHC) medical services have been implemented in Japan to reduce ambulance use, as well as overcrowding at the emergency department (ED). Examining the pre-and post-home visit behaviors of those using AHHC medical services will provide insights into the usefulness of these services and help develop strategies to reduce ED visits and ambulance use further.

Methods
This questionnaire-based study used data from anonymized medical records and internet-based questionnaires completed by patients who used AHHC medical services in Tokyo, Japan, between January 1 and December 31, 2019. The questionnaire comprised two questions: (1) What action would the patient have taken in the absence of AHHC services and (2) what action was taken within 3 days following the use of the AHHC services. In addition, following home consultations, AHHC doctors classified the patient’s illness severity as mild (treatable with over-the-counter medications), moderate (requires hospital or clinic visit), or severe (requires ambulance transportation).

Results
Of the 15,787 patients who used AHHC medical services during the study period, 2128 completed the questionnaire (13.5% response rate). Individuals aged ≤15 years and 16–64 years were the most common users of AHHC services (≤15 years, 71.4%; 16–64 years, 26.8%). Before using the AHHC service, 46.4% of the total respondents reported that they would have visited an ED had AHHC services not been available (≤15 years, 47.8%; 16–64 years, 42.8%; ≥65 years, 43.6%). The proportion of patients originally planning to call an ambulance was higher among those in the older age groups (≤15 years, 1.1%; 16–64 years, 6.0%; ≥65 years, 20.5%). After using the AHHC services, most patients (68.1%) did not visit a hospital within 3 days; however, the proportion of patients who visited an ED and called an ambulance within 3 days increased with the severity of illness.

Conclusions
Increasing AHHC medical services awareness among older adults and patients assessed as having severe illnesses regularly availing of AHHC services may help reduce ED visits and ambulance use.
Significant response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with major portal vein tumor thrombus: a case report
Authors: Komatsu Shohei , Fujishima Yoshimi , Kido Masahiro , Kuramitsu Kaori , Goto Tadahiro , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Toyama Hirochika , Fukumoto Takumi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with major portal vein tumor thrombus (Vp4 PVTT) is an extremely advanced tumor with limited treatment options. Systemic chemotherapy is the only recommended treatment option, and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has recently emerged as a first-line treatment option.

Case presentation
We describe the case of an 82-year-old man with unresectable advanced HCC with Vp4 PVTT who achieved a significant response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment. A single administration of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab ensured significant anti-tumor effects (regression in the tumor size and PVTT, portal vein recanalization, and serum alfa-fetoprotein levels decreased from 90,770 to 89 ng/mL). The patient continued with atezolizumab monotherapy, and after nine consecutive regimens, there was no apparent sign of residual tumor.

Conclusions
This case demonstrates the powerful anti-tumor effect of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment for advanced HCC with Vp4 PVTT, suggesting that these agents can be a promising treatment option for such refractory tumors.
Associations between homocysteine, inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia in Chinese older adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mu Zhi-Jing , Fu Jun-Ling , Sun Li-Na , Chan Piu , Xiu Shuang-Ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, an age-related disease, has been implicated as both a cause and consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a symbol of poor prognosis in older adults with T2DM. Therefore, early detection and effective treatment of sarcopenia are particularly important in older adults with T2DM. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese older T2DM patients and explore whether homocysteine and inflammatory indexes could serve as biomarkers and participate in the development process of sarcopenia.MethodsT2DM patients aged over 60 years were consecutively recruited from the ward of department of Endocrinology, Xuanwu Hospital between April 2017 and April 2019. Sarcopenia was defined based on the standard of the Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia, including muscle mass, grip strength and gait speed. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between biochemical indicators and sarcopenia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to determine the diagnostic effect of these clinical indicators.ResultsTotally 582 older adults with T2DM were characterized and analyzed in the study. Approximately 8.9% of the older T2DM patients had sarcopenia. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), increased concentrations of homocysteine [odds ratio (OR): 2.829; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.064–7.525] and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (OR: 1.021; 95% CI, 1.001–1.042) were independent predictors of sarcopenia; but not interleukin-6. The combination of age, sex, BMI and HbA1c provided a discriminatory effect of sarcopenia with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.856, when homocysteine was added to the model, the value of the ROC curve was further improved, with an AUC of 0.861.ConclusionIn the current study, we demonstrated a positive correlation of homocysteine, hs-CRP with sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM and the relationship remained significant even after adjustment for HbA1c. These biomarkers (homocysteine and hs-CRP) may play important roles in the pathological process of sarcopenia.
The impact of aging and reaching movements on grip stability control during manual precision tasks
Authors: Lin Bor-Shing , Kuo Shu-Fen , Lee I-Jung , Lu Liang-Hsuan , Chen Po-Yin , Wang Pin-Chun , Lai Chien-Hung , Wang Xin-Miao , Lin Chueh-Ho 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Operating an object by generating stable hand-grip force during static or dynamic posture control of the upper extremities simultaneously is an important daily activity. Older adults require different attentional resources during grip strength control and arm movements. However, the impact of aging and reaching movements on precise grip strength and stability control among older adults is not well understood. This study investigated the impact of aging and reaching movements on grip strength and stability control in both hands of the upper extremities.

Methods
Fifty healthy young adults (age: 28.8 ± 14.0 years) and 54 healthy older adults (73.6 ± 6.3 years) were recruited to perform isometric grip strength test at 20% maximal voluntary contraction as the target force during three manual precision tasks simultaneously: stationary task (without arm movements), forward-reach task, and backward-reach task. The average grip force (in kg) and coefficient of variation values (expressed as a percentage) during manual precision tasks were calculated to determine the quality of participants’ grip strength. The deviation error, absolute error, and force-stability index values were calculated to determine the strength control relative to the target force.

Results
For both the young and older groups, the force-stability index values in both hands were significantly higher during forward- and backward-reaching movements than in the stationary condition (p < 0.05). The older group exhibited a significantly lower hand-grip strength and stability of strength control in both hands than the young group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Aging and reaching task performance reduced the grip strength of participants and increased the variations in strength control of both hands relative to the target force, indicating that older adults exhibit poor grip strength and stability control when performing arm-reaching movements. These findings may help clinical therapists in establishing objective indexes for poor grip-stability control screening and developing appropriate rehabilitation programs or health-promotion exercises that can improve grip strength and stability control in older people.
Do skeletal muscle composition and gene expression as well as acute exercise-induced serum adaptations in older adults depend on fitness status?
Authors: Bizjak Daniel A. , Zügel Martina , Schumann Uwe , Tully Mark A. , Dallmeier Dhayana , Denkinger Michael , Steinacker Jürgen M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Inactive physical behavior among the elderly is one risk factor for cardiovascular disease, immobility and increased all-cause mortality. We aimed to answer the question whether or not circulating and skeletal muscle biomarkers are differentially expressed depending on fitness status in a group of elderly individuals.

Methods
Twenty-eight elderly individuals (73.36 ± 5.46 years) participated in this exploratory study after participating as part of the multinational SITLESS-clinical trial (implementation of self-management and exercise programs over 16 weeks). A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) and resting skeletal muscle biopsy were performed to determine individual physiological performance capacity. Participants were categorized into a high physical fitness group (HPF) and a low physical fitness group (LPF) depending on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Serum blood samples were taken before (pre) and after (post) CPX and were examined regarding serum BDNF, HSP70, Kynurenine, Irisin and Il-6 concentrations. Skeletal muscle tissue was analyzed by silver staining to determine the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition and selected genes by qRT-PCR.

Results
HPF showed lower body weight and body fat, while skeletal muscle mass and oxygen uptake at the first ventilatory threshold (VO2T1) did not differ between groups. There were positive associations between VO2peak and VO2VT1 in HPF and LPF. MyHC isoform quantification revealed no differences between groups. qRT-PCR showed higher expression of BDNF and BRCA1 in LPF skeletal muscle while there were no differences in other examined genes regarding energy metabolism. Basal serum concentrations of Irisin were higher in HPF compared to LPF with a trend towards higher values in BDNF and HSP70 in HPF. Increases in Il-6 in both groups were observed post.

Conclusions
Although no association between muscle composition/VO2peak with fitness status in older people was detected, higher basal Irisin serum levels in HPF revealed slightly beneficial molecular serum and muscle adaptations.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02629666. Registered 19 November 2015.