bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐interstadial environmental changes in Last Glacial loess revealed by molluscan assemblages from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Amiens‐Renancourt 1 (Somme, France)
Authors: Moine Olivier , Antoine Pierre , Coutard Sylvie , Guérin Gilles , Hatté Christine , Paris Clément , Saulnier‐Copard Ségolène 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe Amiens‐Renancourt 1 site recently yielded one of the most important Upper Palaeolithic human occupations of northern France by the number of flint artefacts and especially by the presence of Venus figurines. All the material comes from a single archaeological layer located in a tundra gley bracketed by loess units. A multi‐proxy study combining a detailed stratigraphy, luminescence and radiocarbon datings and high‐resolution (5 cm per sample) grain size and molluscan analyses was therefore carried out to reconstruct and date the associated environmental changes and to determine the exact context of the human occupation. The chronological frame thus established supports the correlations of the archaeology‐bearing tundra gley and of an underlying arctic brown soil with Greenland interstadials GI‐4 and GI‐3. Composition changes in the molluscan population enabled the identification of transitional and optimum phases and sub‐phases within these two pedogenetic horizons. A conceptual correlation model linking molluscan phases with millennial‐scale variations of Greenland ice‐core and Sieben Hengste speleothem climate records is proposed. The Human occupation appears contemporaneous to the end of the stadial–interstadial transition of GI‐3. Synchronous in Amiens‐Renancourt 1 and Nussloch, subsequent micro‐gleys may also result from a regional/global forcing. Such a level of detail is unprecedented in a loess sequence.
Volcanic ash and tsunami record of the Minoan Late Bronze Age Eruption (Santorini) in a distal setting, southwestern Turkey
Authors: Aydar Erkan , ÇİNer Attila , Ersoy Orkun , ÉCochard Emilie , Fouache Eric G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe present the volcanic ash and tsunami record of the Minoan Late Bronze Age Eruption of Santorini (LBAES) in a distal setting in southwestern Turkey. In one of the drilled cores at the Letoon Hellenic antique site on Eşençay Delta, we encountered a 4 cm thick tephra deposit underlain by 46 cm thick tsunami‐deposited sand (tsunamite), and an organic‐rich layer that we 14C dated to 3295 ± 30 bp or 1633 bc. The relationship between Santorini distal volcanic ash and underlying tsunamite is described and interpreted. LBAES occurred in four main phases: (1) plinian; (2) phreatomagmatic; (3) phreatomagmatic with mudflows; and (4) ignimbritic flows and co‐ignimbrite tephra falls. In this study, we aim to understand which eruptive phases generate distal ash during the Minoan eruptive sequence by examining the 3D surface morphology of ash formed by different fragmentation processes. To that end, we used numerous statistical multivariates, 3D fractal dimension of roughness, and a new textural parameter of surface area‐3D/plotted area‐2D to characterise the eruption dynamics. Based on ash surface morphologies and the calculated statistical parameters, we propose that that distal ash is represented by a single layer composed of well‐mixed (coarse to fine) magmatic and phreatomagmatic ash.
Comparison of Locus Coeruleus Pathology with Nigral and Forebrain Pathology in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Huynh Benjamin , Fu Yuhong , Kirik Deniz , Shine James M. , Halliday Glenda M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPathology in the noradrenergic A6 locus coeruleus has not been compared with more rostral dopaminergic A9 substantia nigra and A10 ventral tegmental area, and cholinergic Ch4 basal nucleus and Ch1/2 septal regions in the same cases of Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveTo determine whether there is a gradient of caudal to rostral cell loss in PD.MethodsPostmortem brains were collected from longitudinally followed donors with PD (n = 14) and aged‐matched healthy donors (n = 13), six with restricted brainstem Lewy pathology (RLP), fixed in formalin and serial tissue slabs processed for cell and pathological quantitation. Noradrenergic A6 neurons were assessed and compared with previously published midbrain and basal forebrain data. From these data, regression estimates of pathological onset and progression were determined.ResultsRestricted Lewy pathology (RLP) cases had high pathological variability but no significant reduction in neurons. Pathology containing A6 neuron loss started at PD diagnosis and progressed faster (2.4% p.a) than the loss of dopaminergic A9 neurons (2% loss p.a.). Cases with dementia had significantly more pathology in noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons, had greater noradrenergic A6 neuron loss (29% more, progressing at 3.2% p.a.), and a selective loss of lateral A10 nonmelanized dopamine‐producing neurons (starting a decade following diagnosis).ConclusionsThese findings show that in the same Parkinson's disease cases cell loss in these neurotransmitter systems does not follow a strict caudal to rostral trajectory and suggests symptom onset may relate to substantial pathology in the noradrenergic A6 locus coeruleus neurons in people with reduced dopamine‐producing A9 substantia nigra neurons. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Reduced Synaptic Density in Patients with Lewy Body Dementia: An [11C]UCB‐J PET Imaging Study
Authors: Andersen Katrine B. , Hansen Allan K. , Damholdt Malene F. , Horsager Jacob , Skjærbæk Casper , Gottrup Hanne , Klit Henriette , Schacht Anna Christina , Danielsen Erik H. , Brooks David J. , Borghammer Per 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often develop dementia, but the underlying substrate is incompletely understood. Generalized synaptic degeneration may contribute to dysfunction and cognitive decline in Lewy body dementias, but in vivo evidence is lacking.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the density of synapses in non‐demented PD (nPD) subjects (N = 21), patients with PD‐dementia or Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (N = 13), and age‐matched healthy controls (N = 15).MethodUsing in vivo PET imaging and the novel synaptic‐vesicle‐glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) radioligand [11C]UCB‐J, SUVR‐1 values were obtained for 12 pre‐defined regions. Volumes‐of‐interest were defined on MRI T1 scans. Voxel‐level between‐group comparisons of [11C]UCB‐J SUVR‐1 were performed. All subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment. Correlations between [11C]UCB‐ J PET and domain‐specific cognitive functioning were examined.ResultsnPD patients only demonstrated significantly reduced SUVR‐1 values in the substantia nigra (SN) compared to HC. DLB/PDD patients demonstrated reduced SUVR‐1 values in SN and all cortical VOIs except for the hippocampus and amygdala. The voxel‐based analysis supported the VOI results. Significant correlation was seen between middle frontal gyrus [11C]UCB‐J SUVR‐1 and performance on tests of executive function.ConclusionWidespread cortical reduction of synaptic density was documented in a cohort of DLB/PDD subjects using in vivo [11C]UCB‐J PET. Our study confirms previously reported synaptic loss in SN of nPD patients. [11C]UCB‐J binding in selected cortical VOIs of the DLB/PDD patients correlated with their levels of cognitive function across relevant neuropsychological domains. These findings suggest that the loss of synaptic density contributes to cognitive impairment in nPD and DLB/PDD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Preoperative immunonutrition and carbohydrate loading associated with improved bowel function after radical cystectomy
Authors: Patel Sephalie Y. , Trona Nathaniel , Alford Brandon , Laborde Jose M. , Kim Youngchul , Li Roger , Manley Brandon J. , Gilbert Scott M. , Sexton Wade J. , Spiess Philippe E. , Poch Michael A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative malnourishment has been consistently associated with poor outcomes after radical cystectomy and other major abdominal surgeries. Most enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) studies have examined preoperative nutrition and its relationship to outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of using an ERAS protocol, this study in unique in comparing 2 ERAS protocols, with and without a nutrition component.MethodsA formalized preoperative nutrition protocol (PNP) recommending use of preoperative immunonutrition and carbohydrate drink was introduced in June 2018. A total of 78 consecutive patients who drank both beverages were compared with 92 historical controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were sequentially performed to determine if preoperative nutrition was associated with binary outcome variables (30‐day complication, infectious complication, and readmission within 30 days).ResultsThe preoperative nutrition group and control group were statistically similar in distribution of age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, clinical stage, and body mass index. Return of bowel function was found to occur earlier in the preoperative nutrition group than in the control group (3.12 vs 3.74 days; relative risk, 0.82; CI, 0.73–0.93; P = .0029). Complications within 30 days were similar in both groups (63.6% vs 55.4%; P = 0.36). Infectious complications (42.9% vs 37%; P = .53) and readmission within 30 days (22.1% vs 15.2%; P = .34) were also similar in both groups.ConclusionsUse of a PNP including immunonutrition and carbohydrate drink may be associated with earlier return of bowel function after radical cystectomy.
Different Indicators of Adiposity and Fat Distribution and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ding Li , Fan Yuxin , He Jing , Wang Ruodan , He Qing , Cui Jingqiu , Ma Zhongshu , Zheng Fangqiu , Gao Hua , Dai Chenlin , Wei Hongyan , Li Jun , Cao Yuming , Hu Gang , Liu Ming 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of adiposity and fat distribution on the odds of elevated cardiovascular risk factors among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included 2,427 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Body fat was assessed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Multivariate‐adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate effects of adiposity parameters on elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, ≥7.0%), hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg), and elevated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (≥2.6 mmol/L).ResultsThe multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) for elevated HbA1c was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70‐0.96) for each SD increase in leg fat mass. The multivariable‐adjusted OR for hypertension was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00‐1.32) for each SD increase in android fat mass. Multivariable‐adjusted ORs for elevated LDL cholesterol ranged from 1.16 (95% CI: 1.00‐1.35) to 1.27 (95% CI: 1.06‐1.51) for each SD increase in arm and android fat mass and percentage of total, truncal, arm, and android fat. Each SD increase in BMI, truncal‐to‐leg fat ratio, and android‐to‐gynoid fat ratio was significantly associated with increased risks of elevated HbA1c, hypertension, and elevated LDL cholesterol.ConclusionsSubcutaneous fat in the lower body was associated with a more favorable glycemic profile, but not blood pressure or lipid profile, whereas central adiposity was associated with poor control of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
IFT‐A deficiency in juvenile mice impairs biliary development and exacerbates ADPKD liver disease
Authors: Wang Wei , Pottorf Tana S , Wang Henry H , Dong Ruochen , Kavanaugh Matthew A , Cornelius Joseph T , Dennis Katie L , Apte Udayan , Pritchard Michele T , Sharma Madhulika , Tran Pamela V 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolycystic liver disease (PLD) is characterized by the growth of numerous biliary cysts and presents in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), causing significant morbidity. Interestingly, deletion of intraflagellar transport‐B (IFT‐B) complex genes in adult mouse models of ADPKD attenuates the severity of PKD and PLD. Here we examine the role of deletion of an IFT‐A gene, Thm1, in PLD of juvenile and adult Pkd2 conditional knockout mice. Perinatal deletion of Thm1 resulted in disorganized and expanded biliary regions, biliary fibrosis, increased serum bile acids, and a shortened primary cilium on cytokeratin 19+ (CK19+) epithelial cells. In contrast, perinatal deletion of Pkd2 caused PLD, with multiple CK19+ epithelial cell‐lined cysts, fibrosis, lengthened primary cilia, and increased Notch and ERK signaling. Perinatal deletion of Thm1 in Pkd2 conditional knockout mice increased hepatomegaly, liver necrosis, as well as serum bilirubin and bile acid levels, indicating enhanced liver disease severity. In contrast to effects in the developing liver, deletion of Thm1 alone in adult mice did not cause a biliary phenotype. Combined deletion of Pkd2 and Thm1 caused variable hepatic cystogenesis at 4 months of age, but differences in hepatic cystogenesis between Pkd2‐ and Pkd2;Thm1 knockout mice were not observed by 6 months of age. Similar to juvenile PLD, Notch and ERK signaling were increased in adult Pkd2 conditional knockout cyst‐lining epithelial cells. Taken together, Thm1 is required for biliary tract development, and proper biliary development restricts PLD severity. Unlike IFT‐B genes, Thm1 does not markedly attenuate hepatic cystogenesis, suggesting differences in regulation of signaling and cystogenic processes in the liver by IFT‐B and ‐A. Notably, increased Notch signaling in cyst‐lining epithelial cells may indicate that aberrant activation of this pathway promotes hepatic cystogenesis, presenting as a novel potential therapeutic target. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of computed tomography (CT) findings with RT‐PCR in the diagnosis of COVID‐19 in children
Authors: Bağcı Zafer , Keçeli Avni Merter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare chest computed tomography (CT) findings with reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test results in children with probable or definitive diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsIn this retrospective archive study, pediatric patients who were followed up in the hospital with a possible or definitive diagnosis of COVID‐19 and who had chest CT at presentation were included. CT scan images of the patients were reinterpreted by a pediatric radiologist and compared with their RT‐PCR test results.ResultsOf the total of 89 patients, 33 had negative and 56 had positive RT‐PCR tests. The presence of pulmonary lesions and consolidation was statistically significantly higher in the RT‐PCR negative group than in the RT‐PCR positive group (p = 0.037 and 0.001, respectively). Lobe involvement of 0%–25% was higher in the RT‐PCR positive group (p = 0.001), and lobe involvements of 25%–50% and 50%–75% were significantly higher in the RT‐PCR negative group (p = 0.001 and 0.005, respectively). Central and perihilar involvement was found to be statistically significant in the RT‐PCR negative group (p = 0.008 and 0.005, respectively).ConclusionChest CT findings may provide some clues in predicting RT‐PCR positivity in children with a probable diagnosis of COVID‐19. Lobe involvement percentage of up to 25% is a finding in favor of patients with positive RT‐PCR test, whereas 25%–75% lobe involvement, central and perihilar involvement, and consolidation can be interpreted in favor of patients with negative RT‐PCR test.
Effects of delta‐tocotrienol supplementation on Glycemic Control, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and miRNA expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial
Authors: Mahjabeen Wajiha , Khan Dilshad Ahmed , Mirza Shakeel Ahmed , Pervez Muhammad Amjad 
Published: April 2021

The study aimed to ascertain the effects of delta‐tocotrienol (δT3) supplementation on glycemic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and related micro‐ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Total 110 patients of T2DM on oral hypoglycemic agents, were randomly divided into tocotrienol and placebo groups and given 250 mg δT3 or cellulose soft gel capsule once daily respectively for 24 weeks. Glycemic control, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, and miRNAs expression were measured in serum at baseline and end of the intervention by using standard laboratory methods. Compared to the placebo, δT3 supplementation resulted in a significant (p ≤ .05) reduction [mean difference (95% confidence interval)] in plasma glucose [−0.48 (−0.65, −0.30)], insulin [−1.19 (−1.51, −0.87)], homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [−0.67 (−0.86, −0.49)], glycosylated hemoglobin [−0.53 (−0.79, −0.28)], malondialdehyde [−0.34 (−0.45, −0.22)], high sensitive‐C‐reactive protein[−0.35 (−0.54, −0.16)], tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [−1.22 (−1.62, −0.83)], and interleukin‐6[−2.30 (−2.91, −1.68)]. More than twofold downregulation in miRNA‐375, miRNA‐34a, miRNA‐21, and upregulation in miRNA‐126, miRNA‐132 expression was observed in the δT3 group compared to the placebo. The study demonstrated that δT3 supplementation in addition to oral hypoglycemic agents, improved glycemic control, inflammation, oxidative stress, and miRNA expression in T2DM without any adverse effect. Thus, δT3 might be considered as an effective dietary supplement to prevent long‐term diabetic complications.
Sidereal: Statistical adaptive generation of robust locators for web testing
Authors: Leotta Maurizio , Ricca Filippo , Tonella Paolo 
Published: April 2021

SummaryBy ensuring adequate functional coverage, End‐to‐End (E2E) testing is a key enabling factor of continuous integration. This is even more true for web applications, where automated E2E testing is the only way to exercise the full stack used to create a modern application. The test code used for web testing usually relies on DOM locators, often expressed as XPath expressions, to identify the web elements and to extract the data checked in assertions. When applications evolve, the most dominant cost for the evolution of test code is due to broken locators, which fail to locate the target element in the novel versions and must be repaired. In this paper, we formulate the robust XPath locator generation problem as a graph exploration problem, instead of relying on ad‐hoc heuristics as the one implemented by the state of the art tool robula+. Our approach is based on a statistical adaptive algorithm implemented by the tool sidereal, which outperforms robula+'s heuristics in terms of robustness by learning the potential fragility of HTML properties from previous versions of the application under test. sidereal was applied to six applications and to a total of 611 locators and was compared against two baseline algorithms, robula+ and Montoto. The adoption of sidereal results in a significant reduction of the number of broken locators (respectively ‐55% and ‐70%). The time for generating such robust locators was deemed acceptable being in the order of hundredths of second.
testar – scriptless testing through graphical user interface
Authors: Vos Tanja E. J. , Aho Pekka , Pastor Ricos Fernando , Rodriguez‐Valdes Olivia , Mulders Ad 
Published: April 2021

SummaryCovering all the possible paths of the graphical user interface (GUI) with test scripts would take too much effort and result in serious maintenance issues. We propose complementing scripted testing with scriptless test automation using the open‐source testar tool. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of testar and its latest extensions together with the ongoing and future research. With this paper, we hope we can help and encourage other researchers to use testar for their GUI testing‐related research and pave the way for an international research agenda in GUI testing built upon stable and open‐source infrastructure.
The Effect of Remote Donor Substituents on the Properties of Alkoxy and Amino Fischer Carbene Complexes of Tungsten
Authors: Weststrate Nora‐ann , Hassenrück Christopher , Linseis Michael , Liles David C. , Lotz Simon , Görls Helmar , Winter Rainer F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTungsten Fischer ethoxy‐ and dimethylaminocarbene complexes [W{C(X)(C6H4‐4‐R}(CO)5] (X=OEt: series a; or X=NMe2: series b) are synthesized from phenyl substrates containing remote tertiary amino substituents R’2N with R’=Me (2), Ph (3) or C6H4Br‐4 (4). The π‐delocalization and carbene‐stabilizing effects of the distant tertiary amine donor substituent are investigated by NMR and IR spectroscopy, electrochemistry and quantum chemical calculations. A significant transfer of electron density from the remote 4‐R’2N substituent to the carbene C atom in the ethoxycarbene complexes is supported by NMR data and the solid‐state structure of 2 a. This is strongly attenuated in the amino‐substituted carbene complex 2 c and irrelevant in the dimethylaminocarbene complexes of series b, where the electron demand of the electrophilic carbene center is satisfied by the directly attached dimethylamino substituent. Quantum chemical calculations and IR spectroelectrochemistry on complexes 1 a‐‐4 a verify carbene‐centered reductions and a ligand based oxidation of complex 2 b.
Information and Market Engineering at KIT: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Dann David , Knierim Michael Thomas , Peukert Christian , Staudt Philipp , Straub Tim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInformation systems (IS) are nowadays at the core of many personal and institutional activities and influence daily life more than ever before. To understand, evaluate and envision the forms of how we interact with IS, interdisciplinary and multifaceted research efforts are required. At the Information and Market Engineering chair at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, this task is taken head-on via research that stretches from user experiences to system design. In this review, the present research foci at the department are outlined, together with a brief description of its origins and the global developments that underly the necessity of conducting these particular IS studies.
On the Potency of Online User Representation: Insights from the Sharing Economy
Authors: Teubner Timm , P. Adam Marc T. , Hawlitschek Florian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOnline user representation (UR) is a cornerstone of platform-mediated interactions within the sharing economy. While the general usefulness of UR artifacts for facilitating online and offline interactions is widely acknowledged and understood, the underlying mechanisms and operating principles often require a more detailed analysis. In this chapter, we thus introduce a systematic framework grounded in signaling and social presence theory for analyzing UR artifacts for online platforms in general—and the sharing economy in particular. We apply our framework as a structural lens in a case study on user profiles on Airbnb, unveiling structural similarities and differences between the opposing market sides. We discuss our findings against the backdrop of emerging information systems research directions and suggest paths for future work on the sharing economy.