bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) System Use and Mood in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kane Alexa , Thompson Nicolas R. , Sullivan Amy B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Depression is a common comorbidity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with decreased quality of life. Identifying treatments that aid psychological and physical rehabilitation in patients with MS provides valuable information for interdisciplinary teams.

Methods:
Seventy-five adults with MS who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health scale during routine physical therapy appointments where the (CAREN) system was used were studied. Data were retrospective and collected via patient-reported outcomes. Group comparisons used 2-sample t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables. To examine self-reported depression, mean ± SD baseline scores were computed and stratified by number of CAREN sessions.

Results:
Patients with 5 or more sessions seemed to have lower baseline PHQ-9 and PROMIS Mental Health scores; however, no significant differences were found at the univariate level. There were no statistically significant differences in follow-up scores for the outcome measures.

Conclusions:
Current research evaluating the rehabilitation of patients with MS using the CAREN system is scarce. This pilot study is important to inform prospective studies exploring use of the CAREN system for psychological rehabilitation. Patients with 5 or more CAREN sessions had lower baseline PHQ-9 scores, which may suggest that mood plays a role in the selection of patients for CAREN system use. This study shows that mood is not affected by the CAREN system. More specific research needs to be completed with a more robust sample.
Chitinase 3-like-1 contributes to acetaminophen-induced liver injury by promoting hepatic platelet recruitment
Authors: Shan Zhao , Li Leike , Atkins Constance Lynn , Wang Meng , Wen Yankai , Jeong Jongmin , Moreno Nicolas F , Feng Dechun , Gui Xun , Zhang Ningyan , Lee Chun Geun , Elias Jack A , Lee William M , Gao Bin , Lam Fong Wilson , An Zhiqiang , Ju Cynthia 
Published: June 2021

Background:Hepatic platelet accumulation contributes to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI). However, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in platelet recruitment to the liver and whether targeting such pathways could attenuate AILI.Methods:Mice were fasted overnight before intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with APAP at a dose of 210 mg/kg for male mice and 325 mg/kg for female mice. Platelets adherent to Kupffer cells were determined in both mice and patients overdosed with APAP. The impact of α-chitinase 3-like-1 (α-Chi3l1) on alleviation of AILI was determined in a therapeutic setting, and liver injury was analyzed.Results:The present study unveiled a critical role of Chi3l1 in hepatic platelet recruitment during AILI. Increased Chi3l1 and platelets in the liver were observed in patients and mice overdosed with APAP. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, Chil1-/- mice developed attenuated AILI with markedly reduced hepatic platelet accumulation. Mechanistic studies revealed that Chi3l1 signaled through CD44 on macrophages to induce podoplanin expression, which mediated platelet recruitment through C-type lectin-like receptor 2. Moreover, APAP treatment of Cd44-/- mice resulted in much lower numbers of hepatic platelets and liver injury than WT mice, a phenotype similar to that in Chil1-/- mice. Recombinant Chi3l1 could restore hepatic platelet accumulation and AILI in Chil1-/- mice, but not in Cd44-/- mice. Importantly, we generated anti-Chi3l1 monoclonal antibodies and demonstrated that they could effectively inhibit hepatic platelet accumulation and AILI.Conclusions:We uncovered the Chi3l1/CD44 axis as a critical pathway mediating APAP-induced hepatic platelet recruitment and tissue injury. We demonstrated the feasibility and potential of targeting Chi3l1 to treat AILI.Funding:ZS received funding from NSFC (32071129). FWL received funding from NIH (GM123261). ALFSG received funding from NIDDK (DK 058369). ZA received funding from CPRIT (RP150551 and RP190561) and the Welch Foundation (AU-0042–20030616). CJ received funding from NIH (DK122708, DK109574, DK121330, and DK122796) and support from a University of Texas System Translational STARs award. Portions of this work were supported with resources and the use of facilities of the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and funding from Department of Veterans Affairs I01 BX002551 (Equipment, Personnel, Supplies). The contents do not represent the views of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the US Government.
Methylmercury-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative biochemistry impairment in dental pulp stem cells: the first toxicological findings
Authors: Souza-Rodrigues Renata Duarte de , Puty Bruna , Bonfim Laís , Nogueira Lygia Sega , Nascimento Priscila Cunha , Bittencourt Leonardo Oliveira , Couto Roberta Souza D’Almeida , Barboza Carlos Augusto Galvão , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa , Marques Marcia Martins , Lima Rafael Rodrigues 
Published: June 2021

Background
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent toxicant able to harm human health, and its main route of contamination is associated with the consumption of contaminated fish and other seafood. Moreover, dental amalgams are also associated with mercury release on human saliva and may contribute to the accumulation of systemic mercury. In this way, the oral cavity seems to be the primary location of exposure during MeHg contaminated food ingestion and dental procedures but there is a lack of literature about its effects on dental tissues and the impact of this toxicity on human health. In this way, this study aimed to analyze the effects of different doses of MeHg on human dental pulp stem cells after short-term exposure.

Methods
Dental pulp stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were treated with 0.1, 2.5 and 5 µM of MeHg during 24 h. The MeHg effects were assessed by evaluating cell viability with Trypan blue exclusion assay. The metabolic viability was indirectly assessed by MTT reduction assay. In order to evaluate an indicative of antioxidant defense impairment, cells exposed to 0.1 and 5 µM MeHg were tested by measuring glutathione (GSH) level.

Results
It was observed that cell viability decreased significantly after exposure to 2.5 and 5 µM of MeHg, but the metabolic viability only decreased significantly at 5 µM MeHg exposure, accompanied by a significant decrease in GSH levels. These results suggest that an acute exposure of MeHg in concentrations higher than 2.5 µM has cytotoxic effects and reduction of antioxidant capacity on dental pulp stem cells.
nCov2019: an R package for studying the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Wu Tianzhi , Hu Erqiang , Ge Xijin , Yu Guangchuang 
Published: June 2021

Background
The global spreading of the COVID-19 coronavirus is still a serious public health challenge. Although there are a large number of public resources that provide statistics data, tools for retrospective historical data and convenient visualization are still valuable. To provide convenient access to data and visualization on the pandemic we developed an R package, nCov2019 (https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/nCov2019).

Methods
We collect stable and reliable data of COVID-19 cases from multiple authoritative and up-to-date sources, and aggregate the most recent and historical data for each country or even province. Medical progress information, including global vaccine development and therapeutics candidates, were also collected and can be directly accessed in our package. The nCov2019 package provides an R language interfaces and designed functions for data operation and presentation, a set of interfaces to fetch data subset intuitively, visualization methods, and a dashboard with no extra coding requirement for data exploration and interactive analysis.

Results
As of January 14, 2021, the global health crisis is still serious. The number of confirmed cases worldwide has reached 91,268,983. Following the USA, India has reached 10 million confirmed cases. Multiple peaks are observed in many countries. Under the efforts of researchers, 51 vaccines and 54 drugs are under development and 14 of these vaccines are already in the pre-clinical phase.

Discussion
The nCov2019 package provides detailed statistics data, visualization functions and the Shiny web application, which allows researchers to keep abreast of the latest epidemic spread overview.
First record of Trichinella in Leopardus guigna (Carnivora, Felidae) and Galictis cuja (Carnivora, Mustelidae): new hosts in Chile
Authors: Echeverry Diana Maritza , Henríquez AnaLía , Oyarzún-Ruiz Pablo , Silva-de la Fuente Maria Carolina , Ortega Rene , Sandoval Daniel , Landaeta-Aqueveque Carlos 
Published: June 2021

Background
Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. It is caused by several species of nematodes in the genus Trichinella. Trichinella spp. are transmitted through predation or carrion consumption and occur in domestic and sylvatic cycles. In humans trichinellosis occurs due to the consumption of raw or undercooked, infected meat and is mainly associated with the household slaughter of pigs or the consumption of game animals without veterinary inspection, a cultural practice that is difficult to resolve. Therefore, knowledge of this parasite’s reservoir is relevant for better implementing public health strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Trichinella sp. in several carnivore and omnivore vertebrates in central-southern Chile.

Methods
We collected muscle tissue from a total of 53 animals from 15 species and were digested to detect Trichinella larvae which were further identified to species level using molecular techniques.

Results
We detected Trichinella larvae in Leopardus guigna (Felidae) and Galictis cuja (Mustelidae). We identified the larvae collected from L. guigna as Trichinella spiralis, but we were unable to molecularly characterize the larvae from G. cuja. This is the first record of Trichinella in a native mustelid of South America and the first record of T. spiralis in L. guigna. This study identified two novel hosts; however, further work is needed to identify the role that these and other hosts play in the cycle of Trichinella in Chile.
Structural and functional characterization of a plant alpha‐actinin
Authors: Persson Karina , Backman Lars 
Published: June 2021

The Australian tree malletwood (Rhodamnia argentea) is unique. The genome of malletwood is the only known plant genome that contains a gene coding for an α‐actinin‐like protein. Several organisms predating the animal‐plant bifurcation express an α‐actinin or α‐actinin‐like protein. Therefore, it appears that plants in general, but not malletwood, have lost the α‐actinin or α‐actinin‐like gene during evolution. In order to characterize its structure and function, we synthesized the gene and expressed the recombinant R. argentea protein. The results clearly show that this protein has all properties of genuine α‐actinin. The N‐terminal actin‐binding domain (ABD), with two calponin homology motifs, is very similar to the ABD of any α‐actinin. The C‐terminal calmodulin‐like domain, as well as the intervening rod domain, are also similar to the corresponding regions in other α‐actinins. The R. argentea α‐actinin‐like protein dimerises in solution and thereby can cross‐link actin filaments. Based on these results, we believe the R. argentea protein represents a genuine α‐actinin, making R. argentea unique in the plant world.
Micro‐Randomized Trial
Authors: Xu Gongjun , Wu Zhenke , Murphy Susan A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article reviews the micro‐randomized trial, an experimental design developed to support mobile intervention development in modern mobile health applications. The article first gives an introduction to mobile health and the motivation for the micro‐randomized trial and then describes the design of micro‐randomized trials, including an overview of the data analysis and an example.
Does QBank participation impact in‐training examination performance?
Authors: Walter Lauren A. , Khoury Charles A. , DeLaney Matthew C. , Thompson Maxwell A. , Rushing Courtney , Edwards Andrew R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerformance on the annual in‐training examination (ITE) for emergency medicine (EM) residents has been shown to correlate with performance on the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) qualifying examination. As such, significant planning is often committed to ITE preparation, from an individual resident and a residency program perspective. Online specialty‐specific question banks (QBanks) represent a popular medium for ITE preparation; however, the impact of QBanks on ITE performance is unclear. We sought to assess the impact of QBank participation on EM resident ITE performance.MethodsITE and QBank performance results were collated over 2 academic years, 2019 and 2020, from a 3‐year EM residency program. The QBank was provided as a self‐study option in 2019 and incorporated as a mandatory component of the curriculum in 2020. ITE raw scores and percentile rank for training level scores were compared with performance on the QBank, including QBank average performance score as well as number of QBank questions completed. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure association between ITE performance and QBank correlates. Additional descriptive demographics, to include gender, PGY level, and USMLE step 1 and 2 scores were also considered.ResultsSixty‐two sets (30 residents in 2019, 32 residents in 2020) of ITE performance data and QBank correlates were included. Overall, raw ITE scores and number of QBank questions completed were found to have a significant, positive correlation, (r(60) = 0.34, p < 0.05); correlation was stronger for 2019 (r[28] = 0.39, p < 0.05) compared to 2020 (r[30] =0.25, p = 0.16). Overall, ITE percentile rank for training level scores were also found to have a significant, positive correlation with number of QBank questions completed (r(60) = 0.35, p < 0.05); correlation was again stronger for 2019 (r(28) = 0.42, p < 0.05) compared to 2020 (r(30) = 0.29, p = 0.12). Finally, ITE percentile rank for training level correlated positively with QBank average performance (as a percentage), albeit weakly, and was not found to be significant overall (r[60] = 0.20, p = 0.16); in this instance, 2019 did not show a correlation (r[28] =0.12, p = 0.54); however, 2020 did (r[30] =0.55, p < 0.05). Academic year 2020 raw ITE scores also demonstrated a significant correlation with QBank average performance (r[30] = 0.66, p < 0.0001) while 2019 did not (r[28] = 0.08, p = 0.68).ConclusionParticipation and engagement in a QBank are associated with improved EM resident performance on the ABEM ITE. Utilization of a QBank may be an effective mode of ITE preparation for EM residents.
“Intolerance of uncertainty” mediates the relationship between social profile and anxiety in both Williams syndrome and autism
Authors: South Mikle , Hanley Mary , Normansell‐Mossa Karys , Russell Nicholas C. C. , Cawthorne Thomas , Riby Deborah M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnxiety is the most significant mental health concern for both Williams syndrome (WS) and autism. Whilst WS and autism are characterized by some syndrome‐specific social differences, less is known about cross‐syndrome profiles of anxiety symptoms. Previous research has shown that Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a core mechanism of anxiety maintenance for clinically anxious populations and for autistic children, adolescents, and adults. The only published study in this area for WS has shown some similar patterns—with an added emphasis on the role of sensory sensitivities—in a sample of older teens and adults (mean age = 24), with the authors highlighting the need for younger samples to consider developmental influences. Here we report a cross‐syndrome, cross‐sectional mediation analyses of children diagnosed with WS or autism, including data from parent surveys of 90 children with WS (n = 48) or autism (n = 42). Group differences showed higher trait levels on all measures for the autism group. Importantly, the relationship between social profile and anxiety was fully mediated by IU level for both groups. This suggests possible similar core mechanisms underlying anxiety in these conditions, and the possibility of generalized intervention approaches especially related to managing distress related to uncertainty in multiple contexts.Lay SummaryAutism and Williams Syndrome share some similarities in social profile and also in anxiety traits, but there are also some key differences as well. Comparing them side‐by‐side at the same time improved identification of ways to reduce feelings of anxiety. We found that the intolerance of uncertainty affected the relationship between social profile and anxiety in the same way for young children diagnosed with autism or Williams syndrome, meaning that intervention approaches could be similar for both.
Minimizing the hidden dangers of cholecystectomy in vascular Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome through a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Crane Jasmine , Lam Stephen , Kiam Jian Shen , Kumar Bhaskar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEhlers‐Danlos syndrome, specifically EDS4, can be a dangerous condition. Clinicians should be aware of this when referring such patients for any interventional procedure. An MDT approach should be adopted to help plan perioperative treatment and care.
Mediastinal cystic teratoma misdiagnosed as pleural tuberculosis: A case report and review of 53 cases revealed by pleural effusion
Authors: Katoto Patrick D. M. C. , Byamungu Liliane N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMediastinal teratoma (MT) can be misdiagnosed for a long period and revealed by fatal pleural effusion at any age. In high burden tuberculosis settings, it is important to consider MT for extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis not responding to medical treatment.
Pedunculated hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ben Ismail Imen , Zenaidi Hakim , Jouini Raja , Rebii Saber , Zoghlami Ayoub 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFocal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a common asymptomatic benign hepatic tumor encountered in middle‐aged women. However, pedunculated FNH is exceedingly rare and more frequently associated with complications. That is why surgical management is mandatory in this form.
Delayed diagnosis of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and autism spectrum disorder in a 14‐year‐old boy
Authors: Rajendram Rageen , Psihogios Maria , Toulany Alene 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPsychiatric comorbidities are common among individuals with ARFID and may contribute to a failure to establish an accurate diagnosis, delayed diagnosis, and poor long‐term prognosis, especially among children and adolescents.
Spontaneous thrombosis of a giant common hepatic artery aneurysm—A case report
Authors: Piachas Athanasios , Stavride Eliza , Lazaridis Ioannis , Tigkiropoulos Konstantinos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSplachnic aneurysms (hepatic artery aneurysms) are a rare entity ranging from atypical symptoms to devastating rupture.
Orbital mass and hairy kidney as characteristics of Erdheim‐Chester disease
Authors: Yamamoto Koichiro , Oka Kosuke , Hasegawa Kou , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractErdheim‐Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis, involving multiple organs. We report a case of ECD with typical features of an orbital mass and "hairy kidneys," whose recognition can lead to early diagnosis and treatment.
Anesthetic management of a patient with Freeman‐Sheldon syndrome undergoing oral surgery: A case report
Authors: Sato (Boku) Aiji , Sento Yoshiki , Hasegawa Tatsuya , Tsutsumi Kosuke , Kamimura Yuji , So MinHye , Kako Eisuke , Sobue Kazuya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the anesthetic management in this case was how to manage the patient without causing respiratory depression and respiratory muscle fatigue.
Highly Selective Carbon‐Supported Boron for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane
Authors: Mark Lesli O. , Dorn Rick W. , McDermott William P. , Agbi Theodore O. , Altvater Natalie R. , Jansen Jacob , Lebrón‐Rodríguez Edgard A. , Cendejas Melissa C. , Rossini Aaron J. , Hermans Ive 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBulk boron materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), are highly selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). Previous attempts to improve the productivity of these systems involved the immobilization of boron on silica and resulted in less selective catalysts. Here, we report that acid‐treated, activated carbon‐supported boron prepared via incipient wetness impregnation with boric acid (B/OAC) exhibits equal propylene selectivity and improved productivity (kgpropylene kgcat−1 hr−1) as compared to h‐BN. Characterization of the fresh and spent catalysts with infrared, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron, and solid‐state NMR spectroscopies reveals the presence of oxidized/hydrolyzed boron that is clustered on the surface of the support.
Polyzwitterions Functionalized Nafion Barrier Toward High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hao Yu , Xing Yingjie , Kong Haijuan , Jiao Yucong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have emerged to be the next generation energy storage batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, the growth of lithium dendrites and the notorious shuttle effects of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) during electrochemical reactions hinder the further application of Li−S batteries. Herein, a novel imidazolium‐type polyzwitterions functionalized Nafion barrier was successfully prepared by grafting the zwitterion 3‐(1‐vinyl‐3‐imidazolio) propanesulfonate onto Nafion. The polyzwitterions can promote the lithium salts dissociation to fast ion distribution, and guide Li+ uniform nucleation for effective dendrite inhibition. In addition, with the strong interaction between the imidazole rings and LiPS, the polyzwitterions functionalized separator can capture LiPS thus suppressing the shuttle effects during Li−S battery cycling. Consequently, the symmetrical Li cell with polyzwitterions can provide superior cycling stability over 1200 h with no dendrite formation at a high current density of 3 mA cm−2. The polyzwitterions enhanced Li−S battery can deliver a reversible specific capacity of 460 mA h g−1 at 1 C for over 500 cycles, demonstrating a great promise in the development of high efficiency and high safety Li−S batteries.