bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE LIVED PREGNANCY EXPERIENCE OF WOMEN IN PRISON
Authors: Wismont Judith Merenda 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe professional literature reflects limited awareness of and/or concern for the effects of incarceration on the physical and psychological dimensions of childbearing. The purpose of this study was to describe the childbearing experience as reported by pregnant incarcerated women. Giorgi's phenomenological method was used. Apprehension, grief, subjugation, and relatedness were the essential themes related to the experience of childbearing in prison which emerged from the analysis of the transcripts of the journal entries and interview data. Incarceration was the fulcrum on which the women's pregnancy experiences balanced.Rapidly rising numbers of women imprisoned in the United States underscore the urgency to better understand their experiences. Health care providers must find ways to help female inmates cope more effectively with the role diffusion/confusion they experience as they live two diametrically opposing roles—those of inmate and mother. Correctional facilities must also be assisted in establishing policies that recognize the unique needs of pregnant incarcerated women.
Herbicide effects on the establishment of a native bunchgrass in annual grass invaded areas: Indaziflam versus imazapic
Authors: Terry Tyson J. , Madsen Matthew D. , Gill Richard A. , Anderson Val Jo , St. Clair Samuel B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract1. Annual grass invasion is transforming the western United States and driving a need for restoration techniques that can both reduce exotic annual grass abundance and allow revegetation of native species. Pre‐emergent herbicides can provide control of annual grasses, but when applied concurrently with direct seeding efforts, the herbicide can also impact seeded species. Indaziflam is a relatively new herbicide that may provide extended control of exotic annual grasses, but little is known about its effects when applied at the time of seeding.2. In this study, we compared indaziflam to imazapic, a popular herbicide used in restoration efforts, to understand how indaziflam affects plant establishment of a native species, bluebunch wheatgrass Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve. We created furrows on half our treatments to limit herbicide concentrations and potentially create a safe‐site for seeding bluebunch wheatgrass.3. During the 2‐year study, indaziflam provided consistent control of the annual weed, downy brome Bromus tectorum L., whereas imazapic control decreased sharply with time. Indaziflam and imazapic decreased bluebunch wheatgrass seedling emergence by 96% and 46%, and 2‐year plant density by 91% and 65%, respectively, compared to non‐herbicide treatments. Both herbicides reduced aboveground biomass of bluebunch wheatgrass by over 85% 2 years after seeding/herbicide application.4. Furrow treatments mitigated imazapic's effect on bluebunch wheatgrass, but did not limit the impacts by indaziflam.5. Herbicide can be used in conjunction with direct seeding efforts, but mitigation of the effects to native seeds will depend on herbicide specifics such as mode of action and soil mobility.
Using macroecological species distribution models to estimate changes in the suitability of sites for threatened species reintroduction
Authors: Bellis Joe , Longden Mike , Styles Joshua , Dalrymple Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract1. Species reintroductions often aim to establish populations of threatened taxa over the long‐term. However, climate change may jeopardize reintroduction efforts by altering the conditions of a recipient site beyond the tolerances of the focal species. To aid the selection of recipient sites that will retain their suitability under climate change, species distribution models (SDMs) have been proposed as a method of locating areas with a greater likelihood of facilitating species persistence.2. We applied SDMs to predict macroclimatic suitability changes for 13 threatened plant and invertebrate species considered for reintroduction at four lowland raised bog sites undergoing restoration. We estimated suitability based on current and projected future conditions under two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios – one low (RCP2.6) and one high (RCP8.5) – using three general circulation models, for the period 2041–2060.3. When considering current predicted suitability, our models indicated that nine species were viable candidates for reintroduction to at least one of the restoration sites. But when accounting for potential future changes in suitability, the number of candidates was reduced to seven species, based on the RCP8.5 climate change scenario. While three of the sites received consistently similar predictions of suitability across species and scenarios, the most northerly site, Red Moss, received divergent suitability predictions for some species. This site is predicted to remain suitable forMetrioptera brachypteraandGenista anglicaunder at least one scenario despite substantial losses forecast across the rest of their U.K. ranges, suggesting that it could act as a macroclimatic refuge as climate change advances.4. The findings presented here made a valuable contribution to the reintroduction planning process, by facilitating the prioritization of reintroduction efforts towards species with a greater likelihood of establishing long‐term populations at the prospective recipient sites.
3D Porous Oxidation‐Resistant MXene/Graphene Architectures Induced by In Situ Zinc Template toward High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Qian , Zhu Kai , Ye Ke , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue , Yan Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D MXene materials have attracted intensive attention in energy storage application. However, MXene usually undergoes serious face‐to‐face restacking and inferior stability, significantly preventing its further commercial application. Herein, to suppress the oxidation and self‐restacking of MXene, an efficient and fast self‐assembly route to prepare a 3D porous oxidation‐resistant MXene/graphene (PMG) composite with the assistance of an in situ sacrificial metallic zinc template is demonstrated. The self‐assembled 3D porous architecture can effectively prevent the oxidation of MXene layers with no evident variation in electrical conductivity in air at room temperature after two months, guaranteeing outstanding electrical conductivity and abundant electrochemical active sites accessible to electrolyte ions. Consequently, the PMG‐5 electrode possesses a striking specific capacitance of 393 F g−1, superb rate performance (32.7% at 10 V s−1), and outstanding cycling stability. Furthermore, the as‐assembled asymmetric supercapacitor possesses a pronounced energy density of 50.8 Wh kg−1 and remarkable cycling stability with a 4.3% deterioration of specific capacitance after 10 000 cycles. This work paves a new avenue to solve the two long‐standing significant challenges of MXene in the future.
Minimalist Tissue Engineering Approaches Using Low Material‐Based Bioengineered Systems
Authors: Correia Clara R. , Bjørge Isabel M. , Nadine Sara , Mano João F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFrom an “over‐engineering” era in which biomaterials played a central role, now it is observed to the emergence of “developmental” tissue engineering (TE) strategies which rely on an integrative cell‐material perspective that paves the way for cell self‐organization. The current challenge is to engineer the microenvironment without hampering the spontaneous collective arrangement ability of cells, while simultaneously providing biochemical, geometrical, and biophysical cues that positively influence tissue healing. These efforts have resulted in the development of low‐material based TE strategies focused on minimizing the amount of biomaterial provided to the living key players of the regenerative process. Through a “minimalist‐engineering” approach, the main idea is to fine‐tune the spatial balance occupied by the inanimate region of the regenerative niche toward maximum actuation of the key living components during the healing process.
Rare‐Earth Incorporated Alloy Catalysts: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Saji Sandra Elizabeth , Yin Zongyou , Zhang Hongbo , Du Yaping , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo improve the performance of metallic catalysts, alloying provides an efficient methodology to design state‐of‐the‐art materials. As emerging functional materials, rare‐earth metal compounds can integrate the unique orbital structure and catalytic behavior of rare earth elements into metallic materials. Such rare‐earth containing alloy catalysts proffer an opportunity to tailor electronic properties, tune charged carrier transport, and synergize surface reactivity, which are expected to significantly improve the performance and stability of catalysis. Despite its significance, there are only few reviews on rare earth containing alloys or related topics. This review summarizes the composition, synthesis, and applications of rare earth containing alloys in the field of catalysis. Subsequent to comprehensively summarizing and constructively discussing the existing work, the challenges and possibilities of future research on rare‐earth metal compound materials are evaluated.
Smart Self‐Assembly Amphiphilic Cyclopeptide‐Dye for Near‐Infrared Window‐II Imaging
Authors: Chen Hao , Shou Kangquan , Chen Si , Qu Chunrong , Wang Zhiming , Jiang Lei , Zhu Mark , Ding Bingbing , Qian Kun , Ji Aiyan , Lou Hongyue , Tong Ling , Hsu Alexander , Wang Yuebing , Felsher Dean W. , Hu Zhenhua , Tian Jie , Cheng Zhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDevelopment of novel nanomaterials for disease theranostics represents an important direction in chemistry and precision medicine. Fluorescent molecular probes in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) show high promise because of their exceptional high detection sensitivity, resolution, and deep imaging depth. Here, a sharp pH‐sensitive self‐assembling cyclopeptide‐dye, SIMM1000, as a smart nanoprobe for NIR‐II imaging of diseases in living animals, is reported. This small molecule assembled nanoprobe exhibits smart properties by responding to a sharp decrease of pH in the tumor microenvironment (pH 7.0 to 6.8), aggregating from small nanoprobe (80 nm at pH 7.0) into large nanoparticles (>500 nm at pH 6.8) with ≈20–30 times enhanced fluorescence compared with the non‐self‐assembled CH‐4T. It yields micrometer‐scale resolution in blood vessel imaging and high contrast and resolution in bone and tumor imaging in mice. Because of its self‐aggregation in acidic tumor microenvironments in situ, SIMM1000 exhibits high tumor accumulation and extremely long tumor retention (>19 days), while being excretable from normal tissues and safe. This smart self‐assembling small molecule strategy can shift the paradigm of designing new nanomaterials for molecular imaging and drug development.
Tip‐Induced Nano‐Engineering of Strain, Bandgap, and Exciton Funneling in 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Koo Yeonjeong , Kim Yongchul , Choi Soo Ho , Lee Hyeongwoo , Choi Jinseong , Lee Dong Yun , Kang Mingu , Lee Hyun Seok , Kim Ki Kang , Lee Geunsik , Park Kyoung‐Duck 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe tunability of the bandgap, absorption and emission energies, photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, exciton transport, and energy transfer in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers provides a new class of functions for a wide range of ultrathin photonic devices. Recent strain‐engineering approaches have enabled to tune some of these properties, yet dynamic control at the nanoscale with real‐time and ‐space characterizations remains a challenge. Here, a dynamic nano‐mechanical strain‐engineering of naturally‐formed wrinkles in a WSe2 monolayer, with real‐time investigation of nano‐spectroscopic properties is demonstrated using hyperspectral adaptive tip‐enhanced PL (a‐TEPL) spectroscopy. First, nanoscale wrinkles are characterized through hyperspectral a‐TEPL nano‐imaging with <15 nm spatial resolution, which reveals the modified nano‐excitonic properties by the induced tensile strain at the wrinkle apex, for example, an increase in the quantum yield due to the exciton funneling, decrease in PL energy up to ≈10 meV, and a symmetry change in the TEPL spectra caused by the reconfigured electronic bandstructure. Then the local strain is dynamically engineered by pressing and releasing the wrinkle apex through an atomic force tip control. This nano‐mechanical strain‐engineering allows to tune the exciton dynamics and emission properties at the nanoscale in a reversible fashion. In addition, a systematic switching and modulation platform of the wrinkle emission is demonstrated, which provides a new strategy for robust, tunable, and ultracompact nano‐optical sources in atomically thin semiconductors.
Self‐Healable and Eco‐Friendly Hydrogels for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Babeli Ismael , Ruano Guillem , Puiggalí‐Jou Anna , Ginebra Maria‐Pau , Alemán Carlos , Garcia‐Torres Jose 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne limitation of wearable electronics, and at the same time a challenge, is the lack of energy storage devices with multiple functionalities produced using clean and environmental‐friendly strategies. Here, a multifunctional conductive hydrogel containing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and alginate is fabricated, to be used as electrodes in supercapacitors, by applying water‐mediated self‐assembly and polymerization processes at room temperature. The interpenetration of both polymers allows the combination of flexibility and self‐healing properties within the same hydrogel together with the intrinsic biocompatibility and sustainability of such materials. Initially, PEDOT:polystyrene sulfonate and alginate aqueous solutions are mixed in two different proportions (1:1 and 1:3) and ionically crosslinked with CaCl2. Subsequently, re‐interpenetration of poly(hydroxymethyl‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) by anodic polymerization in CaCl2 aqueous solution is achieved. Re‐interpenetrated 1:3 PEDOT/alginate hydrogels show excellent capacitance values (35 mF cm−2) and good capacitance retention. In addition, the electrochemical properties are not significantly changed after many cutting/self‐healing cycles as observed by cyclic voltammetry. Therefore, this sustainably produced hydrogel shows promising properties for use in wearable energy storage devices.
Integration of High‐Performance Cost‐Effective Copper‐Metal‐Organic‐Nanocluster‐based Gate Dielectric for Next‐Generation CMOS Applications
Authors: Gupta Prachi , Kumar Rudra , Sharma Satinder K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe suitability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as functional materials for future electronic logic devices with desirable dielectric constant, bandgap, high‐quality interface, low leakage current, and better compatibility is still an open challenge. Owing to the synergistic complementary properties of MOFs systems, a low‐cost copper‐metal‐organic nanoclusters (Cu‐MOCs) has been synthesized comprising inorganic copper metal unit allied organic m‐toluic acid ligand by facile sol–gel strategy. It offers large‐area thin‐films uniformity, high dielectric constant (κ ≈ 5.49), improved interfacial properties, dynamic switching behavior with the stimuli field, and extends the realization of metal‐organic‐framework dielectric for scalable complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) logic applications over customary hybrid counterparts. Various techniques such as single crystal X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy have been used to validate the Cu‐MOCs formulation. In particular, the fabricated Cu‐MOCs, metal–insulator–semiconductor structures exhibit promising dynamic switching behavior responsive to the applied field, hysteresis‐free capacitance–voltage characteristics, low interfacial trap density (≈1.4 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2), low effective oxide charges (≈1.1 × 1011 cm−2), and noteworthy small leakage current density (≈1.29 nA cm−2 @ 1 V) ever since in electrical analysis. Cost‐effective novel Cu‐MOCs successfully demonstrate high‐performance, reliable gate dielectrics for next‐generation CMOS logic devices.
Patternable Semi‐Transparent Cathode using Thermal Evaporation for OLED Display Applications
Authors: Jung Sang Won , Kim Kwan‐Soo , Park Han‐un , Lampande Raju , Kim Seong Keun , Kim Jae‐Hyeon , Han Chang‐Wook , Choi Hyun‐Chul , Kwon Jang Hyuk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new patternable semi‐transparent metal cathode, Zn:Mg (4:1 and 10:1) using the thermal evaporation process for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display applications is reported. A new Zn:Mg alloy film shows good surface morphology and almost no temperature effect on the shadow mask. The Zn:Mg layer with ratio of 4:1 and 10:1 shows sheet resistance of 33.2 and 39.2 Ω ϒ−1, respectively, at the thickness of 12 nm. The fabricated green top‐emitting OLED (TEOLED) with Zn:Mg cathode shows current efficiency of 79.3 cd A−1 and a color coordinates of (0.166, 0.755). These results show the possibility of high‐quality cathode patterning for various OLED display and sensor applications.
Recent Advances in 2D Materials for Photodetectors
Authors: Jiang Jian , Wen Yao , Wang Hao , Yin Lei , Cheng Ruiqing , Liu Chuansheng , Feng Liping , He Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotodetection technology has been systematically studied due to wide practical applications in temperature monitoring, thermal image technology, and light communication systems. To date, photodetectors based on multitudes of 2D materials have been reported because of their excellent performance. On account of their novel physical properties with ultrathin thickness, cost‐effective preparation with mechanical transfer process, natural passivated surface without dangling bonds, various bandgaps corresponding with a wide photoresponse, and so on, new 2D materials emerge to play significant roles in the field of photodetection. In this regard, a great advance has been achieved in terms of preparation and device application, especially in the last decade. However, there are still some challenges to obtain high‐performance photodetectors, such as growing high‐quality 2D materials, achieving higher quantum efficiency, effectively separating the photogenerated electron–hole pairs, and so on. In this review, the recent development of the state‐of‐the‐art photodetection composed of 2D materials is summarized. Moreover, the key parameters and mechanisms in photodetectors are highlighted, and an overview on 2D materials and their heterostructures is provided. Finally, the strategies for improving the performance of photodetectors are also highlighted. The review will provide a guide to further practical applications in photodetection devices.
Low birth weight and its relation to physical fitness parameters in children: Its negative effect on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance
Authors: de Souza Livia Victorino , de Meneck Franciele , Parizotto Giovanna Pachele , Franco Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence that low birth weight has a negative effect on physical fitness, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance, although the findings are inconsistent.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether birth weight acts as a prenatal determinant of physical fitness parameters and to determine the role of environmental or biological variables on this effect.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐seven children aged 6–14 years were included in this study. The anthropometric data, physical activity index, standing long jump, flexibility, handgrip strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated.ResultsA positive correlation was found between birth weight and cardiorespiratory fitness (r = .349; p < .001), right handgrip strength (r = .337; p < .001), and left handgrip strength (r = .320; p < .001), suggesting that children with low birth weight had the worst performance in both cardiorespiratory endurance and grip strength tests. These findings remained significant after adjustment for prematurity, sex, age, physical activity index, and body mass index (BMI). Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed a significant interaction of high birth weight, older age, and low BMI in predicting better cardiorespiratory endurance (R2 = .308). When handgrip strength was tested as the dependent variable, we found that high birth weight, male sex, and older age emerged as important determinants for both sides.ConclusionChildren aged 6–14 years born with a birth weight < 2.5 kg have low handgrip strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, which seems to be mediated partially by influences of both prenatal environment (e.g., birth weight) and biological variables (e.g., age, sex, BMI).
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Ester‐Tethered 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles and Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐Triazines
Authors: Duan Shengguo , Meng Hui , Jablasone Saygbechi T. , Luo Huan , Xu Ze‐Feng , Li Chuan‐Ying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA rhodium(II)‐catalyzed [4+2] annulation of ester‐tethered 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazines, which features a chemoselective 1,2‐ester migration of α‐imine rhodium carbene intermediates, has been developed. Most of the valuable 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives were generated in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Several important derivatization reactions have been performed.
Deepen into sleep and wake patterns across Alzheimer's disease phenotypes
Authors: Falgàs Neus , Walsh Christine M. , Neylan Thomas C. , Grinberg Lea T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough, the clinical variants of Alzheimer's disease (AD) show distinct patterns of cognitive and behavioral decline, disease progression, and neuropathological features, it is unclear if this clinical heterogeneity extends to sleep‐wake patterns. Sleep and wake disturbances are frequent in typical AD, often preceding memory loss and negatively impacting the quality of life of patients and caregivers alike. Still, sleep and wake disorders are often misdiagnosed and undertreated in typical AD. Better characterization of sleep‐wake features in AD clinical variants is an unmet gap of high importance because these differing patterns may require tailored treatment strategies. Moreover, as wake‐promoting neurons are located in subcortical nuclei and degenerate early in typical AD, contrasting the profiles of sleep‐wake patterns in typical and atypical AD aids diagnosis and brings a unique opportunity to uncover the mechanisms underlying AD clinical variants at the subcortical level and mechanisms for selective neuronal vulnerability.