bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Syrian Population’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Usage
Authors: Altorkmani Abdallah , Alzabibi Mhd Amin , Shibani Mosa , Ismail Hlma , Sawaf Bisher , Daher Nizar , Al-Moujahed Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health threat that results mainly secondary to antibiotics misuse. The present study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotic use among the Syrian population.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of two major hospitals in Damascus, Syria. Applying a random convenience sampling, data were collected in a 1-week period by interviewing participants using a structured questionnaire, which targeted demographics, practice, knowledge, and attitude. Data were used to assess the relationship between the knowledge level and attitudes and demographics.
Results Most respondents had a moderate level of knowledge (187, 74.8%) and a moderate attitude score (148, 59.2%). In addition, most respondents (149, 59.6%) stated that they take antibiotics based on pharmacist advice only and do not complete the full antibiotic course (200, 80%). A significant association was found between the knowledge level and financial status (p-value = 0.003), education level (p-value = 0.001), and having relatives working in the health care sector (p-value = 0.021). In addition, a significant association was found between the attitude and having health insurance.
Conclusion This study provides baseline evidence about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotics among the Syrian population, that will help in designing targeted interventions to solve the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Choir Singing Practice and Temporal Ordering in the Elderly
Authors: Zukowski Debora Bonizio , Junker David Bretanha , da Silva Isabella Monteiro Castro , Viana Lucas Moura , de Oliveira Carlos Augusto Pires 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction The importance of temporal ordering and sequencing in the auditory system is discussed because these are considered basic functions for language.Objective To verify the correlation between the practice of choir music and the temporal ordering in elderly with no prior formal musical experience.Method The study design is cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 85 elderly individuals of both genders, ≥ 60 years old, and it was composed of 43 elderly individuals with no prior formal musical experience but choir participation (research group) and 42 elderly individuals who never sang in a choir and had no music training during their life (control group). The research group was divided based on three categories of choir time. The performances of the research and control groups were compared with pitch pattern sequence (PPS), verbal condition (PPSverb), humming condition (PPShum), and duration pattern sequence (DPS) tests.Results The mean PPShum and PPSverb showed a statistically significant difference by choir time with a different mean of PPShum between the no singing experience group (59%) and the > 10 years of singing experience group (90%) (p = 0.02). Regarding the averages of PPSverb, there was a statistically significant difference between the no singing experience (23%) and > 10 years of choir time (54%) (p = 0.02) groups.Conclusion The findings indicate a better performance in the temporal ordering of the elderly who are not formal musicians but who have choir experience in the research group in relation to those with no choir experience in the control group.
Spectral characterization of flash and high flux x-ray radiographic sources with a magnetic Compton spectrometer
Authors: Espy M. , Klasky M. , James M. , Moir D. , Mendez J. , Morneau R. , Shurter R. , Sedillo R. , Volegov P. , Gehring A. 
Published: August 2021

In this work, we present a new analysis method applied to revitalize permanent magnet Compton spectrometers used to measure photon energy spectra in the MeV range. The inversion of the measured electron distribution to determine the original photon distribution is achieved via a method of consistent coupled radiation transport and magnetic field mapping of the input photon spectra to the measured electron distribution. The method of linear least squares was used to perform the unfolding of the electron distribution to the initial photon spectra, without any assumptions made regarding the electron distribution. We present an application of this method to data from a nominal 19.4 MeV flash radiographic source (the first axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydro-Test Facility) capable of generating 500 R @ 1 m in ∼60 ns and a medical therapy source (a Scanditronix M22, Microtron) capable of variable energies with nominal endpoints of 6, 10, 15, and 20 MeV and an output of ∼1000–2000 R/min @ 1 m. The results provide agreement between the modeled and unfolded experimentally measured photon spectra as quantified by statistical tests, from 1.5 to 20 MeV. Experimental results are presented as well as a discussion of the novel MCNP6-based simulations and methods for reconstruction of the spectra.
Modeling of stress wave propagation in matrix cracked laminates
Authors: Kanu Nand Jee 
Published: August 2021

The conventional finite element method can be used for modeling the multiscale phenomenon of the interaction of Lamb waves with matrix cracks, but it requires a lot of computational resources. In the present investigation, appropriate damage models are used to model the reduction in the stiffness of the ply in which the matrix crack has occurred. Moreover, the interactions of Lamb waves with matrix cracks, which have been modeled as a local reduction in stiffness, are being studied. Furthermore, in a Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) laminate with a [0/90/90/0] lay-up, Lamb waves of various frequencies and with So (symmetric) and Ao (asymmetric) modes are transmitted along the fiber and across the fiber directions, respectively. As a result, such waves are recorded at two points, 75 and 225 mm from the site of excitation. For two different crack densities, such as 1 crack/mm and 4 cracks/mm, the healthy and damaged laminate signals of similar mode are compared. The amplitudes of the received signals are reduced upon interaction of these waves with damage (with degraded stiffness values), indicating that So modes of Lamb waves are much more susceptible to damages at higher frequencies of 100, 150, and 200 kHz compared to Ao modes. Furthermore, for a given crack density, equivalent damage models are validated by comparing these signals to cracked laminate signals of similar frequencies and modes. During the study, it was revealed that equivalent damage models are perfectly appropriate for modeling matrix cracks of any density as a local loss in stiffness in the damaged crossply GFRP laminate.
Comparative analysis of the coordinated motion of Hsp70s from different organelles observed by single-molecule three-color FRET
Authors: Voith von Voithenberg Lena , Barth Anders , Trauschke Vanessa , Demarco Benjamin , Tyagi Swati , Koehler Christine , Lemke Edward A. , Lamb Don C. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The coordinated motion and conformational changes are fundamental for the function of many macromolecules. However, obtaining direct evidence of coordinated changes between different subdomains within an individual molecule remains challenging. Here, we apply a single-molecule three-color Förster resonance energy transfer to simultaneously measure three distances within a single molecule. We utilized this method to analyze the coordinated motion of heat-shock proteins (Hsps). Excitingly, our study provides direct evidence for key differences in the conformational cycle of different Hsp70s despite their high evolutionary conservation. This work paves the way to relate coordinated motion and allosteric effects to molecular function.
RyR-mediated Ca2+release elicited by neuronal activity induces nuclear Ca2+signals, CREB phosphorylation, and Npas4/RyR2 expression
Authors: Lobos Pedro , Córdova Alex , Vega-Vásquez Ignacio , Ramírez Omar A. , Adasme Tatiana , Toledo Jorge , Cerda Mauricio , Härtel Steffen , Paula-Lima Andrea , Hidalgo Cecilia 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceThe expression of genes involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory requires that Ca2+signals generated in spines, dendrites, or the soma by neuronal stimulation reach the nucleus. Here, we report that stimulation of hippocampal neurons induces Ca2+release mediated by RyR2 channels, which contributes to nuclear Ca2+signal generation. Suppression of RyR-mediated Ca2+release inhibited the activity-induced phosphorylation of the nuclear transcriptional regulator CREB and the expression of the Npas4 transcription factor and RyR2, which play crucial roles in hippocampal memory processes. We propose that RyR-mediated Ca2+release induced by neuronal stimulation, by promoting the sequential generation of nuclear Ca2+signals, CREB phosphorylation, and Npas4/RyR2 up-regulation, plays a significant role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory processes.
Astrocyte-derived neurons provide excitatory input to the adult striatal circuitry
Authors: Dorst Matthijs C. , Díaz-Moreno María , Dias David O. , Guimarães Eduardo L. , Holl Daniel , Kalkitsas Jannis , Silberberg Gilad , Göritz Christian 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The adult mammalian brain has a poor regenerative capacity. Astrocytes have the potential to enter a neurogenic program, which could supply new neurons to the adult brain. In the adult striatum, reduced Notch signaling in astrocytes leads to the generation of neurons. However, it has been unclear whether striatal astrocyte-derived neurons become integrated and which neuronal properties they possess. Here, we show that induced adult neurogenesis by striatal astrocytes leads to the generation of glutamatergic neurons that functionally integrate into the adult striatal circuitry. The integration of glutamatergic neurons provides a local source of excitation to the striatum that could potentially compensate for reduced excitatory input due to aging or disease.
A polyyne toxin produced by an antagonistic bacterium blinds and lyses a Chlamydomonad alga
Authors: Hotter Vivien , Zopf David , Kim Hak Joong , Silge Anja , Schmitt Michael , Aiyar Prasad , Fleck Johanna , Matthäus Christian , Hniopek Julian , Yan Qing , Loper Joyce , Sasso Severin , Hertweck Christian , Popp Jürgen , Mittag Maria 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Algae live in association with microbes that interact by a variety of chemical mediators, resulting in mutualistic or antagonistic relationships. Although algae are key contributors to carbon fixation and are fundamental for food webs, we still know little about the underlying molecular mechanisms affecting their fitness. This study investigates the interaction between an antagonistic bacterium and a unicellular alga. It demonstrates multiple roles of a polyyne, protegencin, that is used by the bacteria to attack green algal cells. It is a highly effective toxin that alters a subcellular algal compartment used for vision, bleaches, and lyses the algal cells. These results expand our knowledge of the arsenal of chemical mediators in bacteria and their modes of action in algal communities.
A unifying autocatalytic network-based framework for bacterial growth laws
Authors: Roy Anjan , Goberman Dotan , Pugatch Rami 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Bacterial cells contain various autocatalytic cycles, e.g., the ribosome cycle, where ribosomes translate ribosomal proteins that subsequently self-assemble to form new ribosomes. Here, we show that the transcription–translation machinery couples all cellular autocatalytic cycles, resulting in balanced exponential growth. Each autocatalytic cycle generates two types of growth laws. We derive the RNA polymerase (RNAP) growth law based on the RNAP autocatalytic cycle, where RNAPs transcribe messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of its constituent Rpo protein subunits. Before degrading, these mRNAs catalyze Rpo proteins employing ribosomes. The Rpo proteins subsequently self-assemble, forming new RNAPs, thus completing the cycle. Contrary to ribosome growth law, a reduction in growth rate due to shortage in RNAPs occurs without affecting the ribosomal protein mass fraction.
Superdiffusion in spin chains
Authors: Bulchandani Vir B , Gopalakrishnan Sarang , Ilievski Enej 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of anomalous transport in spin chains, viewed through the lens of integrability. Numerical advances, based on tensor-network methods, have shown that transport in many canonical integrable spin chains—most famously the Heisenberg model—is anomalous. Concurrently, the framework of generalized hydrodynamics has been extended to explain some of the mechanisms underlying anomalous transport. We present what is currently understood about these mechanisms, and discuss how they resemble (and differ from) the mechanisms for anomalous transport in other contexts. We also briefly review potential transport anomalies in systems where integrability is an emergent or approximate property. We survey instances of anomalous transport and dynamics that remain to be understood.
Experimental Fluid Dynamics Applications in Radial Turbomachines: Inlet Recirculation in Centrifugal Compressor, Rotating Stall and Flow in Vaneless Diffuser, and Improvement in Accuracy of CFD for Predicting Flow Fields in a Radial Turbine Rotor
Authors: Tamaki Hideaki , Ouchida Satoshi , Unno Masaru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerformance of a turbomachine strongly depends on its internal flow. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is now an essential tool obtaining information on such internal flow as well as its performance. However, when CFD is taken into a design process, the accuracy and feature of a CFD code must be understood. CFD requires EFD (Experimental Fluid Dynamics) for validating and ensuring its accuracy. Besides, EFD provides some empirical rules and models to complex phenomena that CFD needs high computational costs and long turnaround time and that are difficult to be integrated in a design work. Since CFD and EFD are complementary to each other, EFD with CFD or CFD with EFD serves as a powerful tool to understand flow phenomena in turbomachines. So, EFD is still important and frequently applied in industries to design and develop radial turbomachines. Examples of EFD conducted during the design of centrifugal compressors and radial turbines in the author’s affiliation are introduced here.
On the stability of boundary-layer flow over a rotating cone in an enforced axial free stream
Authors: Unadkat J , Hussain Z 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Studies into the boundary-layer stability of rotating cones in an axial free stream have considered both cases of broad-angled cones and slender-angled ones. This distinction is made due to the findings that the dominant instability in the quiescent-fluid case results from different physical mechanisms for broad and slender cones. These investigations made use of an Orr-Sommerfeld-type analysis derived from the assumption of a small perturbation to a similarity-type solution for the mean fluid flow around the cone. In this work, we investigate the efficacy of a combination of sophisticated numerical techniques to find the basic flow, using ideas both from automatic differentiation and spectral collocation methods, to maximise the accuracy of the obtained solution. We inspect the solutions obtained for the Orr-Sommerfeld system in this setting and compare them to the results from previous studies.
Direct one-stage plasma-chemical synthesis of chalcogenide films doped with ytterbium
Authors: Kudryashov M A , Logunov A A , Mochalov L A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper we descried the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) approach for preparation of the arsenic sulfide thin films modified by ytterbium. Radio frequency (40.68 MHz) plasma discharge at low pressure (0.1 Torr) was used for the initiation of chemical interactions between precursors. Arsenic monosulfide (As4S4), elemental high-pure S and Yb were employed as the starting materials. The composition of the films was controlled by regulating of the temperature of the ytterbium source supplied with external heater. The Yb concentration in the Yb:AsxSy films was from 1 to 7 at%. The chalcogenide materials were also studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Optical spectroscopy in the range of 250-1000 nm, and Raman spectroscopy.
Creep of fine-grained carbonate concrete with a complex additive
Authors: Belov V V , Kuliaev P V , Barkaya T R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fine-grained carbonate concretes (FGCC) have presently proved to be quite applicable with good parameters on crack- and freeze-thaw performance as criteria of durability and reliability of building materials and structures. The purpose to enhance deformative characteristics of FGCC is actually a search for economically and ecologically proven ways for it. The paper presents the results of strain’s study of fine-grained carbonate concretes with limestone fines and superplastisizer. Strains are classified as instant, short-term and long-term (creep). A method of planning experiment is used in the study. To measure strains, electric gauges and clock-type indicators were used. It was shown that a complex additive enhances both durability and performance of fine-grained carbonate concretes due to modification of their structure formation and hardening.
The surface piezoresponse of tetragonal tungsten bronze oxides with different ordering of cations in A-sublattice
Authors: Bunin M A , Bunina O A , Chumachenko K S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The piezoresponse (PR) images of microsized surface areas of the hot-pressed ceramics samples K4Bi2Nb10O30
, K2Sr4NbwO3
0, and Na2Sr4Nbl0O
30, presenting different types of the inter-octahedral cations ordering, were obtained. The Fourier analysis of the PR data showed that the mesoscale regions form subsystems responsible for the electrical activity of the sample, the contribution of which manifests itself depending on the type of cation ordering.
Long-term experience of construction and maintenance of buildings on extremely upheaval soils in the conditions of Minusinsk Hollow
Authors: Khalimov Oleg , Bozykova Vera 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the experience of the long-term observations on frosty heaving, the construction experience and the state of the structures during 38-40 years of maintenance of the buildings on bearing piles in extremely upheaval soils. The paper describes the experiment of using complex anti-heaving sheath from chemically treated soil as an anti-heaving stabilization. It also presents an example of uneven upheaval deformations of unloaded bearing piles, caused by the discordant bedding of the clayey soil. The paper analyzes the causes of uneven deformations of frosty heaving, the factors influencing the migration and water accumulation, the peculiarities of cryogenic structure formation on the boundary of the interaction of the treated and untreated soils.
The Cold Sintering Process of ZnO and BaTiO3 ceramics under the electric current influence
Authors: Smirnov A V , Ivakin Yu D , Kornyushin M V , Stolyarov V V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the preliminary study results of the influence of the electric current (direct or alternating), the values of voltage and current, the presence or absence of activating additives, and external heating of the mold on the process of cold sintering of ZnO and BaTiO3 powders. The microstructures of the obtained samples are analyzed. Approaches to further research are proposed. The article substantiates the prospects for using electric current in the process of cold sintering of ceramics.
Analysis of existing approaches for describing the parameters of single sections during grinding
Authors: Bogutsky V B , Shron L B , Yagyayev E E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of various approaches to the formation of an abrasive grain trace in the process of finishing abrasive processing. It is noted that the trace of abrasive grain has a significant impact on the working conditions of the tool and the output parameters of the process. It is established that in the process of interaction of abrasive grains and the processed material, sections can be formed both in the form of a comma and in the form of a segment, which cannot be obtained in real conditions of the processing. It is shown that such an approach to all types and modes of grinding can lead to significant errors in the calculations and, as a result, an incorrect assessment of the influence of processing modes on the technological parameters of the grinding process. The study shows the need to obtain analytical dependencies for calculating the size of individual sections when changing the distances between the contacting grains of the abrasive tool in a wide range.
Effect of graphene and temperature on friction coefficient of nanocomposite Al2O3 / graphene
Authors: Pakhomov M A , Stolyarov V V , Mezrin A M , Torskaya E V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of tribological tests of sintered nanocomposite ceramics with 1 wt.% graphene and without graphene at room and higher temperatures. It is shown that graphene decreases friction coefficient. With an increase in the test temperature, the friction coefficient increased on samples with and without graphene.
Acetylsalicylic acid and its derivatives: the dynamics of the circulatory dimensions
Authors: Chuyan E N , Mironyuk I S , Ravaeva M Yu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the research of the acetylsalicylic acid effect and its complex compounds with the metals of cobalt (Co2+), zinc (Zn2+), nickel (Ni2+) and manganese (Mn2+) at the multiple administration in the dose of 10 mg/kg on the indices of the central haemodynamics of the rats (heart rate; arterial pressure). It has been found out that a multifold administration of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylates of cobalt, zinc, nickel and manganese affect the indices of the rats’ central haemodynamics. The obtained data confirm the cardiac efficiency of new coordinating compounds, and have a further studying perspective of their biological effect in chronic experiments.
Gallium oxide thin films synthesis in different phase composition by gallium interaction with oxygen in oxygen-hydrogen plasma on silicon substrates
Authors: Mochalov L A , Logunov A A , Prokhorov I O 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A modern synthesis method by plasma-chemical deposition of gallium oxide layers was developed. High-purity gallium was utilized as the source of gallium for moving by hydrogen flow into the reaction zone for interaction with oxygen in plasma discharge. Low temperature non-equilibrium RF (40MHz) plasma discharge was utilized for initiation interactions between precursors at a pressure of 0.1 Torr. The optical emission spectroscopy was used to assess the main excited particles formed in the gas phase. The paper researches the dependence of properties of the solid phase, grown on the silicon substrate, on the experimental parameters.