bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of S100A9 in the interaction between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and stromal cells
Authors: Kung Pin-Jui , Lai Ting-Yu , Cao Jerry , Hsu Li-Chung , Chiang Tsai-Chen , Ou-Yang Pu , Tsai Ching-Yi , Tsai Yi-Fen , Lin Chih-Wen , Chen Chien-Chia , Tsai Meng-Kun , Tien Yu-Wen , Lee Chih-Yuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
A major feature of the microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the significant amount of extracellular matrix produced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which have been reported to enhance the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells and negatively impact the prognosis.

Methods
We analyzed the data from two publicly available microarray datasets deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus and found candidate genes that were differentially expressed in PDAC cells with metastatic potential and PDAC cells cocultured with PSCs. We studied the interaction between PDAC cells and PSCs in vitro and verified our finding with the survival data of patients with PDAC from the website of The Human Protein Atlas.

Results
We found that PSCs stimulated PDAC cells to secrete S100A9, which attracted circulatory monocytes into cancer tissue and enhanced the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on macrophages. When analyzing the correlation of S100A9 and PD-L1 expression with the clinical outcomes of patients with PDAC, we ascertained that high expression of S100A9 and PD-L1 was associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC.

Conclusions
PSCs stimulated PDAC cells to secrete S100A9, which acts as a chemoattractant to attract circulatory monocytes into cancer microenvironment and induces expression of PD-L1 on macrophages. High expression of S100A9 and PD-L1 was associated with worse overall survival in a cohort of patients with PDAC.
Visualization of wrist anatomy—a comparison between 7T and 3T MRI
Authors: Götestrand Simon , Björkman Anders , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella M. , Kristiansson Ingvar , Aksyuk Elenya , Szaro Pawel , Markenroth Bloch Karin , Geijer Mats 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
Injuries to the wrist are, due to its small size and complex anatomical structures, difficult to assess by MR, and surgical interventions such as diagnostic arthroscopy are often necessary. Therefore, improved visualization using non-invasive methods could be of clinical value. As a first step of improvement, the purpose of this study was to evaluate visualization of anatomical structures at 7T compared with 3T MR.

Methods
Eighteen healthy volunteers (three males and three females from each age decade between 20 and 49 years) were examined with 7T and 3T MR. Four musculoskeletal radiologists graded 2D and 3D images on a five-level grading scale for visibility of ligaments, cartilage, nerves, trabecular bone, and tendons, as well as overall image quality (i.e., edge sharpness, perceived tissue contrast, and presence of artefacts). Statistical analysis was done using a visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis.

Results
Visibility of cartilage, trabecular bone, tendons, nerves, and ligaments was graded significantly higher at 7T with an area under the curve (AUCVGC) of 0.62–0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–0.97, p = < 0.0001–0.03) using either 2D or 3D imaging. Imaging with 3T was not graded as superior to 7T for any structure. Image quality was also significantly superior at 7T, except for artefacts, where no significant differences were found.

Conclusions
Tendons, trabecular bone, nerves, and ligaments were all significantly better visualized at 7T compared to 3T.

Key Points
• MRI of the wrist at 7T with a commercially available wrist coil is feasible at similar acquisition times as for 3T MRI.
• The current study showed 7T to be superior to 3T in the visualization of anatomical structures of the wrist, including ligaments, tendons, nerves, and trabecular bone.
• Image quality was significantly superior at 7T, except for artefacts, where no significant differences were found.
Human factors evaluation in VR-based shunting training
Authors: Tschoerner Benedikt , Li Fan , Lan Zirui , Liu Yisi , Lim Wei Lun , Cui Jian , Wong Yu Lian , Kho Kevin , Lee Vincent , Sourina Olga , Mueller-Wittig Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShunting of trains is a task that requires meticulous adherence to all steps to guarantee safety for everyone involved during and after the procedure. These steps are currently taught using classical teaching materials, such as printouts, videos and training by experienced supervisors. However, due to limited availability of locomotives, hours for training and manpower, training of shunting operation becomes challenging in real life. In this paper, we implemented a lifelike, collaborative virtual environment for shunting training including a novel human factors evaluation system for fatigue and stress monitoring. An experiment with 12 subjects and 3 trainers has been designed and carried out to validate the usage of VR-based shunting training. Positive feedback toward the VR-based training was obtained from the subjects and trainers.
Color2Hatch: conversion of color to hatching for low-cost printing
Authors: Isumi Ryoma , Yamamoto Kunio , Noma Tsukasa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose Color2Hatch, a decolorization method for business/presentation graphics. In Color2Hatch, each region represented as a closed path and uniformly colored in scalable vector graphics (SVG) is converted to a region hatched in black and white. From the characteristics of business graphics, the hatching patterns are designed to represent mainly the hue in the region; additionally, lightness and saturation can also be reflected. To discriminate subtle differences between colors, attached short line segments, zigzag lines, and wave lines are used in hatching by analogy to a clock. Compared with the existing decolorization methods, for example, grayscale conversion and texturing, our method is superior in the discrimination of regions, suitable for low-cost black and white printing that meets real-world needs.
T1 glottic laryngeal cancer: the role of routine follow-up visits in detecting local recurrence
Authors: Pakkanen Pihla , Ilmarinen Taru , Halme Elina , Irjala Heikki , Koivunen Petri , Pukkila Matti , Ventelä Sami , Hagström Jaana , Aaltonen Leena-Maija 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We assessed the treatment outcome and the benefits of routine follow-up visits in T1 glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Methods
Medical records of patients diagnosed with stage T1 glottic LSCC (N = 303) in five Finnish university hospitals between 2003 and 2015 were reviewed. Moreover, data from the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Population Register Center were collected.

Results
Of all 38 recurrences, 26 (68%) were detected during a routine follow-up visit, and over half (21 of 38, 55%) presented without new symptoms. Primary treatment method (surgery vs. radiotherapy) was not connected with 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) or laryngeal preservation rate.

Conclusion
The majority of recurrences were detected on a routine follow-up visit, and local recurrences often presented without new symptoms. Routine post-treatment follow-up of T1 glottic LSCC seems beneficial.

Trial registration
Trial registration number and date of registration HUS/356/2017 11.12.2017.
The resilience of the inner ear—vestibular and audiometric impact of transmastoid semicircular canal plugging
Authors: Stultiens Joost J. A. , Guinand Nils , Van Rompaey Vincent , Pérez Fornos Angélica , Kunst Henricus P. M. , Kingma Hermanus , van de Berg Raymond 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Certain cases of superior semicircular canal dehiscence or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can be treated by plugging of the affected semicircular canal. However, the extent of the impact on vestibular function and hearing during postoperative follow-up is not known.

Objective
To evaluate the evolution of vestibular function and hearing after plugging of a semicircular canal.

Methods
Six patients underwent testing before and 1 week, 2 months, and 6 months after plugging of the superior or posterior semicircular canal. Testing included caloric irrigation test, video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), cervical and ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) and audiometry.

Results
Initially, ipsilateral caloric response decreased in all patients and vHIT vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain of each ipsilateral semicircular canal decreased in 4/6 patients. In 4/6 patients, postoperative caloric response recovered to > 60% of the preoperative value. In 5/6 patients, vHIT VOR gain was restored to > 85% of the preoperative value for both ipsilateral non-plugged semicircular canals. In the plugged semicircular canal, this gain decreased in 4/5 patients and recovered to > 50% of the preoperative value. Four patients preserved cervical and ocular VEMP responses. Bone conduction hearing deteriorated in 3/6 patients, but recovered within 6 months postoperatively, although one patient had a persistent loss of 15 dB at 8 kHz.

Conclusion
Plugging of a semicircular canal can affect both vestibular function and hearing. After initial deterioration, most patients show recovery during follow-up. However, a vestibular function loss or high-frequency hearing loss can persist. This stresses the importance of adequate counseling of patients considering plugging of a semicircular canal.
Investigating facilitatory versus inhibitory effects of dynamic social and non-social cues on attention in a realistic space
Authors: Gregory Samantha E. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the facilitatory versus inhibitory effects of dynamic non-predictive central cues presented in a realistic environment. Realistic human-avatars initiated eye contact and then dynamically looked to the left, right or centre of a table. A moving stick served as a non-social control cue and participants localised (Experiment 1) or discriminated (Experiment 2) a contextually relevant target (teapot/teacup). The cues movement took 500 ms and stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA, 150 ms/300 ms/500 ms/1000 ms) were measured from movement initiation. Similar cuing effects were seen for the social avatar and non-social stick cue across tasks. Results showed facilitatory processes without inhibition, though there was some variation by SOA and task. This is the first time facilitatory versus inhibitory processes have been directly investigated where eye contact is initiated prior to gaze shift. These dynamic stimuli allow a better understanding of how attention might be cued in more realistic environments.
Neurological involvement in children with hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Costigan Caoimhe , Raftery Tara , Carroll Anne G. , Wildes Dermot , Reynolds Claire , Cunney Robert , Dolan Niamh , Drew Richard J. , Lynch Bryan J. , O’Rourke Declan J. , Stack Maria , Sweeney Clodagh , Shahwan Amre , Twomey Eilish , Waldron Mary , Riordan Michael , Awan Atif , Gorman Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur objective was to establish the rate of neurological involvement in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli–hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) and describe the clinical presentation, management and outcome. A retrospective chart review of children aged ≤ 16 years with STEC-HUS in Children’s Health Ireland from 2005 to 2018 was conducted. Laboratory confirmation of STEC infection was required for inclusion. Neurological involvement was defined as encephalopathy, focal neurological deficit, and/or seizure activity. Data on clinical presentation, management, and outcome were collected. We identified 240 children with HUS; 202 had confirmed STEC infection. Neurological involvement occurred in 22 (11%). The most common presentation was seizures (73%). In the neurological group, 19 (86%) were treated with plasma exchange and/or eculizumab. Of the 21 surviving children with neurological involvement, 19 (91%) achieved a complete neurological recovery. A higher proportion of children in the neurological group had renal sequelae (27% vs. 12%, P = .031). One patient died from multi-organ failure.Conclusion: We have identified the rate of neurological involvement in a large cohort of children with STEC-HUS as 11%. Neurological involvement in STEC-HUS is associated with good long-term outcome (complete neurological recovery in 91%) and a low case-fatality rate (4.5%) in our cohort.

What is Known:• HUS is associated with neurological involvement in up to 30% of cases.• Neurological involvement has been reported as predictor of poor outcome, with associated increased morbidity and mortality.

What is New:• The incidence of neurological involvement in STEC-HUS is 11%.• Neurological involvement is associated with predominantly good long-term outcome (90%) and a reduced case-fatality rate (4.5%) compared to older reports.
Feasibility and acceptability of hypnosis-derived communication administered by trained nurses to improve patient well-being during outpatient chemotherapy: a pilot-controlled trial
Authors: Arbour Caroline , Tremblay Marjorie , Ogez David , Martineau-Lessard Chloé , Lavigne Gilles , Rainville Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This pilot-controlled trial aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of hypnosis-derived communication (HC) administered by trained nurses during outpatient chemotherapy to optimize symptom management and emotional support — two important aspects of patient well-being in oncology.

Methods
The trial was conducted in two outpatient oncology units: (1) intervention site (usual care with HC), and (2) control site (usual care). Nurses at the intervention site were invited to take part in an 8-h training in HC. Participants’ self-ratings of symptoms and emotional support were gathered at predetermined time points during three consecutive outpatient visits using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Emotional Support Scale.

Results
Forty-nine patients (24 in the intervention group, 25 in the control group) with different cancer types/stages were recruited over a period of 3 weeks and completed the study. All nurses (N = 10) at the intervention site volunteered to complete the training and were able to include HC into their chemotherapy protocols (about ± 5 min/intervention). Compared to usual care, patients exposed to HC showed a significant reduction in physical symptoms during chemotherapy. In contrast, perception of emotional support did not show any significant effect of the intervention. Participants exposed to HC report that the intervention helped them relax and connect on a more personal level with the nurse during chemotherapy infusion.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that HC is feasible, acceptable, and beneficial for symptom management during outpatient chemotherapy. While future studies are needed, hypnosis techniques could facilitate meaningful contacts between cancer patients and clinicians in oncology.

Trial registration
Clinical Trial Identifier: NCT04173195, first posted on November 19, 2019
Two-step staged resection of giant olfactory groove meningiomas
Authors: Marquardt Gerhard , Quick-Weller Johanna , Tritt Stephanie , Baumgarten Peter , Senft Christian , Seifert Volker 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The surgical treatment of giant olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) with marked perilesional brain oedema is still a surgical challenge. After tumour resection, increase of brain oedema may occur causing dramatic neurological deterioration and even death of the patient. The objective of this paper is to describe surgical features of a two-step staged resection of these tumours performed to counter increase of postoperative brain oedema.

Methods
This two-step staged resection procedure was carried out in a consecutive series of 19 patients harbouring giant OGMs. As first step, a bifrontal craniectomy was performed followed by a right-sided interhemispherical approach. About 80% of the tumour mass was resected leaving behind a shell-shaped tumour remnant. In the second step, carried out after the patients’ recovery from the first surgery and decline of oedema, the remaining part of the tumour was removed completely followed by duro- and cranioplasty.

Results
Ten patients recovered quickly from first surgery and the second operation was performed after a mean of 12.4 days. In eight patients, the second operation was carried out later between day 25 and 68 due to surgery-related complications, development of a trigeminal zoster, or to a persisting frontal brain oedema. Mean follow-up was 49.3 months and all but one patient had a good outcome regardless of surgery-related complications.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that a two-step staged resection of giant OGMs minimizes the increase of postoperative brain oedema as far as possible and translates into lower morbidity and mortality.
Ruthenium-based PACT agents based on bisquinoline chelates: synthesis, photochemistry, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Busemann Anja , Flaspohler Ingrid , Zhou Xue-Quan , Schmidt Claudia , Goetzfried Sina K. , van Rixel Vincent H. S. , Ott Ingo , Siegler Maxime A. , Bonnet Sylvestre 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The known ruthenium complex [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(Hmte)](PF6)2 ([1](PF6)2, where tpy = 2,2’:6’,2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine, Hmte = 2-(methylthio)ethanol) is photosubstitutionally active but non-toxic to cancer cells even upon light irradiation. In this work, the two analogs complexes [Ru(tpy)(NN)(Hmte)](PF6)2, where NN = 3,3'-biisoquinoline (i-biq, [2](PF6)2) and di(isoquinolin-3-yl)amine (i-Hdiqa, [3](PF6)2), were synthesized and their photochemistry and phototoxicity evaluated to assess their suitability as photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) agents. The increase of the aromatic surface of [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2, compared to [1](PF6)2, leads to higher lipophilicity and higher cellular uptake for the former complexes. Such improved uptake is directly correlated to the cytotoxicity of these compounds in the dark: while [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 showed low EC50 values in human cancer cells, [1](PF6)2 is not cytotoxic due to poor cellular uptake. While stable in the dark, all complexes substituted the protecting thioether ligand upon light irradiation (520 nm), with the highest photosubstitution quantum yield found for [3](PF6)2 (Φ[3] = 0.070). Compounds [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 were found both more cytotoxic after light activation than in the dark, with a photo index of 4. Considering the very low singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds, and the lack of cytotoxicity of the photoreleased Hmte thioether ligand, it can be concluded that the toxicity observed after light activation is due to the photoreleased aqua complexes [Ru(tpy)(NN)(OH2)]2+, and thus that [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 are promising PACT candidates.

Graphic abstract
Assessment of Extrapolation Relations of Displacement Speed for Detailed Chemistry Direct Numerical Simulation Database of Statistically Planar Turbulent Premixed Flames
Authors: Chakraborty Nilanjan , Herbert Alexander , Ahmed Umair , Im Hong G. , Klein Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database of statistically planar$$H_{2} -$$H2-air turbulent premixed flames with an equivalence ratio of 0.7 spanning a large range of Karlovitz number has been utilised to assess the performances of the extrapolation relations, which approximate the stretch rate and curvature dependences of density-weighted displacement speed$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗. It has been found that the correlation between$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗and curvature remains negative and a significantly non-linear interrelation between$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗and stretch rate has been observed for all cases considered here. Thus, an extrapolation relation, which assumes a linear stretch rate dependence of density-weighted displacement speed has been found to be inadequate. However, an alternative extrapolation relation, which assumes a linear curvature dependence of$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗but allows for a non-linear stretch rate dependence of$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗, has been found to be more successful in capturing local behaviour of the density-weighted displacement speed. The extrapolation relations, which express$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗as non-linear functions of either curvature or stretch rate, have been found to capture qualitatively the non-linear curvature and stretch rate dependences of$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗more satisfactorily than the linear extrapolation relations. However, the improvement comes at the cost of additional tuning parameter. The Markstein lengthsLMfor all the extrapolation relations show dependence on the choice of reaction progress variable definition and for some extrapolation relationsLMalso varies with the value of reaction progress variable. The predictions of an extrapolation relation which involve solving a non-linear equation in terms of stretch rate have been found to be sensitive to the initial guess value, whereas a high order polynomial-based extrapolation relation may lead to overshoots and undershoots. Thus, a recently proposed extrapolation relation based on the analysis of simple chemistry DNS data, which explicitly accounts for the non-linear curvature dependence of the combined reaction and normal diffusion components of$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗, has been shown to exhibit promising predictions of$$S_{d}^{*}$$Sd∗for all cases considered here.
Indigenous People, Organized Crime and Natural Resources: Borders, Incentives and Relations
Authors: van Uhm Daan P. , Grigore Ana G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between theEmberá–WounaanandAkhaIndigenous people and organized crime groups vying for control over natural resources in the Darién Gap of East Panama and West Colombia and the Golden Triangle (the area where the borders of Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Thailand meet), respectively. From a southern green criminological perspective, we consider how organized crime groups trading in natural resources value Indigenous knowledge. We also examine the continued victimization of Indigenous people in relation to environmental harm and the tension between Indigenous peoples’ ecocentric values and the economic incentives presented to them for exploiting nature. By looking at the history of the coloniality and the socioeconomic context of these Indigenous communities, this article generates a discussion about the social framing of the Indigenous people as both victims and offenders in the illegal trade in natural resources, particularly considering the types of relationships established with dominant criminal groups present in their ancestral lands.
Physics is Organized Around Transformations Connecting Contextures in a Polycontextural World
Authors: Falk Johannes , Eichler Edwin , Windt Katja , Hütt Marc-Thorsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rich body of physical theories defines the foundation of our understanding of the world. Its mathematical formulation is based on classical Aristotelian (binary) logic. In the philosophy of science the ambiguities, paradoxes, and the possibility of subjective interpretations of facts have challenged binary logic, leading, among other developments, to Gotthard Günther’s theory of polycontexturality (often also termed ’transclassical logic’). Günther’s theory explains how observers with subjective perception can become aware of their own subjectivity and provides means to describe contradicting or even paradox observations in a logically sound formalism. Here we summarize the formalism behind Günther’s theory and apply it to two well-known examples from physics where different observers operate in distinct and only locally valid logical systems. Using polycontextural logic we show how the emerging awareness of these limitations of logical systems entails the design of mathematical transformations, which then become an integral part of the theory. In our view, this approach offers a novel perspective on the structure of physical theories and, at the same time, emphasizes the relevance of the theory of polycontexturality in modern sciences.