Automatic boost articulation therapy in adults with dysarthria: Acceptability, usability and user interaction
Authors: Mendoza Ramos Viviana , Vasquez‐Correa Juan C. , Cremers Rani , Van Den Steen Leen , Nöth Elmar , De Bodt Marc , Van Nuffelen Gwen 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundImprecise articulation has a negative impact on speech intelligibility. Therefore, treatment of articulation is clinically relevant in patients with dysarthria. In order to be effective and according to the principles of motor learning, articulation therapy needs to be intensive, well organized, with adequate feedback and requires frequent practice.AimsThe aims of this pilot study are (1) to evaluate the feasibility of a virtual articulation therapy (VAT) to guide patients with dysarthria through a boost articulation therapy (BArT) program; (2) to evaluate the acoustic models’ performance used for automatic phonological error detection; and (3) to validate the system by end‐users from their perspective.Methods & ProceduresThe VAT provides an extensive and well‐structured package of exercises with visual and auditory modelling and adequate feedback on the utterances. The tool incorporates automated methods to detect phonological errors, which are specifically designed to analyse Dutch speech production. A total of 14 subjects with dysarthria evaluated the acceptability, usability and user interaction with the VAT based on two completed therapy sessions using a self‐designed questionnaire.Outcomes & ResultsIn general, participants were positive about the new computer‐based therapy approach. The algorithm performance for phonological error detection shows it to be accurate, which contributes to adequate feedback of utterance production. The results of the study indicate that the VAT has a user‐friendly interface that can be used independently by patients with dysarthria who have sufficient cognitive, linguistic, motoric and sensory skills to benefit from speech therapy. Recommendations were given by the end‐users to further optimize the program and to ensure user engagement.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe initial implementation of an automatic BArT shows it to be feasible and well accepted by end‐users. The tool is an appropriate solution to increase the frequency and intensity of articulation training that supports traditional methods.What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subjectBehavioural interventions to improve articulation in patients with dysarthria demand intensive treatments, repetitive practice and feedback. However, the current treatments are mainly limited in time to the interactive sessions in the presence of speech–language pathology. Automatic systems addressing the needs of individuals with dysarthria are scarce. This study evaluates the feasibility of a VAT program and investigates its acceptability, usability and user interaction.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeThe computer‐based speech therapy approach developed and applied in this study intends to support intensive articulation training of patients with dysarthria. The virtual speech therapy offers the possibility of an individualized and customized therapy programme, with an extensive database of exercises, visual and auditory models of the target utterances, and providing adequate feedback based on automatic acoustic analysis of speech.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?The automatic BArT overcomes the limitation in time of face‐to‐face traditional speech therapy. It offers patients the opportunity to have access to speech therapy more intensively and frequently in their home environment.