bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toleration as the Balance Between Liberty and Security
Authors: Galeotti Anna Elisabetta , Liveriero Federica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraditionally, an adequate strategy to deal with the tension between liberty and security has been toleration, for the latter allows the maximization of individual liberty without endangering security, since it embraces the limits set by the harm principle and the principle of self-defense of the liberal order. The area outside the boundary clearly requires repressive measures to protect the security and the rights of all. In this paper, we focus on the balance of liberty and security afforded by toleration, analyzing how this strategy works in highly conflictual contexts and sorting out the different sets of reason that might motivate individual to assume a tolerant attitude. We contend that toleration represents a reliable political solution to conflicts potentially threatening social security when it is coupled with social tolerance. Hence, we examine the reasons the agents may have for endorsing toleration despite disagreement and disapproval. In the range of these reasons, we argue that the right reasons are those preserving the moral and epistemic integrity of the agent. The right reasons are however not accessible to everyone, as for example is the case with (non-violent) religious fundamentalists. Only prudential reasons for toleration seem to be available to them. And yet, we argue that an open and inclusive democracy should in principle be hospitable towards prudential and pragmatic reasons as well, which may potentially lay the grounds for future cooperation. We conclude therefore that the tolerant society has room for the fundamentalists, granted that they do not resort to violence.
Implications of response shift for micro-, meso-, and macro-level healthcare decision-making using results of patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Sawatzky Richard , Kwon Jae-Yung , Barclay Ruth , Chauhan Cynthia , Frank Lori , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Nielsen Lene Kongsgaard , Nolte Sandra , Sprangers Mirjam A. G. ,   the Response Shift – in Sync Working Group
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Results of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used to inform healthcare decision-making. Research has shown that response shift can impact PROM results. As part of an international collaboration, our goal is to provide a framework regarding the implications of response shift at the level of patient care (micro), healthcare institute (meso), and healthcare policy (macro).

Methods
Empirical evidence of response shift that can influence patients’ self-reported health and preferences provided the foundation for development of the framework. Measurement validity theory, hermeneutic philosophy, and micro-, meso-, and macro-level healthcare decision-making informed our theoretical analysis.

Results
At the micro-level, patients’ self-reported health needs to be interpreted via dialogue with the clinician to avoid misinterpretation of PROM data due to response shift. It is also important to consider the potential impact of response shift on study results, when these are used to support decisions. At the meso-level, individual-level data should be examined for response shift before aggregating PROM data for decision-making related to quality improvement, performance monitoring, and accreditation. At the macro-level, critical reflection on the conceptualization of health is required to know whether response shift needs to be controlled for when PROM data are used to inform healthcare coverage.

Conclusion
Given empirical evidence of response shift, there is a critical need for guidelines and knowledge translation to avoid potential misinterpretations of PROM results and consequential biases in decision-making. Our framework with guiding questions provides a structure for developing strategies to address potential impacts of response shift at micro-, meso-, and macro-levels.
Deservingness for "Family 500 +" Benefit in Poland: Qualitative Study of Internet Debates
Authors: Michoń Piotr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe need for qualitative research of deservingness perception is strongly emphasised in the literature. This article studies the perception of deservingness for a "Family 500 +"—cash benefit in Poland. For the first time, data from online forums was used in the studies of deservingness and welfare attitudes. It allowed to avoid numerous limitations associated with social surveys. The qualitative analysis showed how participants of Internet debates perceive the criteria of deservingness: control, attitude, reciprocity, identity, need, and what are the relations between the criteria. The impurity of all deservingness criteria was indicated and a new criterion “adequacy” was proposed. Moreover due to the fact that the study concerned a concrete, non-abstract family cash benefit addressed the relationship between the perceived deservingness of children and their parents was pointed out. The vast majority of posts on Internet forums referred to deservingness of parents, not children. This is particularly evident in relation to the criteria of control and reciprocity. Presenting the hypothesis of jealousy and scapegoat strategy, the article also shows the direction of future research on deservingness.
Minimal-invasive management of urological complications after kidney transplantation
Authors: Deininger Susanne , Nadalin Silvio , Amend Bastian , Guthoff Martina , Heyne Nils , Königsrainer Alfred , Strohäker Jens , Stenzl Arnulf , Rausch Steffen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKidney transplantation represents the gold standard treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease. Improvements in surgical technique and pharmacologic treatment have continuously prolonged allograft survival in recent years. However, urological complications are frequently observed, leading to both postoperative morbidity and putative deterioration of allograft function. While open redo surgery in these patients is often accompanied by elevated surgical risk, endoscopic management of urological complications is an alternative, minimal-invasive option. In the present article, we reviewed the literature on relevant urological postoperative complications after kidney transplantation and describe preventive approaches during the pre-transplantation assessment and their management using minimal-invasive approaches.
Decomposition of Reaching Movements Enables Detection and Measurement of Ataxia
Authors: Oubre Brandon , Daneault Jean-Francois , Whritenour Kallie , Khan Nergis C. , Stephen Christopher D. , Schmahmann Jeremy D. , Lee Sunghoon Ivan , Gupta Anoopum S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTechnologies that enable frequent, objective, and precise measurement of ataxia severity would benefit clinical trials by lowering participation barriers and improving the ability to measure disease state and change. We hypothesized that analyzing characteristics of sub-second movement profiles obtained during a reaching task would be useful for objectively quantifying motor characteristics of ataxia. Participants with ataxia (N=88), participants with parkinsonism (N=44), and healthy controls (N=34) performed a computer tablet version of the finger-to-nose test while wearing inertial sensors on their wrists. Data features designed to capture signs of ataxia were extracted from participants’ decomposed wrist velocity time-series. A machine learning regression model was trained to estimate overall ataxia severity, as measured by the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS). Classification models were trained to distinguish between ataxia participants and controls and between ataxia and parkinsonism phenotypes. Movement decomposition revealed expected and novel characteristics of the ataxia phenotype. The distance, speed, duration, morphology, and temporal relationships of decomposed movements exhibited strong relationships with disease severity. The regression model estimated BARS with a root mean square error of 3.6 points, r2 = 0.69, and moderate-to-excellent reliability. Classification models distinguished between ataxia participants and controls and ataxia and parkinsonism phenotypes with areas under the receiver-operating curve of 0.96 and 0.89, respectively. Movement decomposition captures core features of ataxia and may be useful for objective, precise, and frequent assessment of ataxia in home and clinic environments.
Opposing effects of input control and clan control for sellers on e-marketplace platforms
Authors: Croitor Evgheni , Werner Dominick , Adam Martin , Benlian Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractE-marketplace platforms focus on attracting and retaining sellers to secure the platform’s long-term viability and success. Although sellers’ behavioral intentions have been linked to control modes deployed on e-marketplace platforms, little is known about how and why perceptions of input control and clan control affect sellers’ crucial behavioral outcomes. Drawing on IS control literature, we conducted two online surveys with sellers on Amazon (n = 286) and Etsy (n = 185). Our results revealed that perceived input control had a negative effect on sellers’ perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and continuance intentions, whereas positive effects were observed with perceived clan control. In addition, we find that intrinsic motivation mediates the observed direct effects. Our study contributes to the literature by introducing control modes in the context of e-marketplace platforms and examining the effects of input control and clan control on sellers’ beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Furthermore, our study has important practical implications for platform providers in how to apply different control mechanisms and increase complementors’ willingness to keep contributing to e-marketplace platforms, thereby nurturing platform health and sustainability.
Pressuremeter test in unsaturated soils: a numerical study
Authors: Keshmiri Ehsan , Ahmadi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper presents a numerical analysis of pressuremeter test in unsaturated cohesive soils. In practice, pressuremeter is commonly expanded up to 10–15% cavity strains. At these strains, limit pressure is not usually reached, and its value is estimated by extrapolation. Accordingly, authors suggest using cavity pressure at 10% strain (P10) for the interpretation of pressuremeter test rather than limit pressure. At this strain, it is also assured that plastic strain occurs around the cavity, which is crucial for the interpretations. In unsaturated soils, the moisture at which a soil is tested has a noticeable influence on the pressuremeter cavity pressure, and consequently, on the magnitude of P10. In this paper, unsaturated soil behaviour has been captured by Barcelona basic model (BBM), and the influence of each BBM parameter on the P10 value is explored. Next, relative weight analysis technique is performed to investigate the relative importance of BBM parameters in prediction of P10. Artificial intelligence technique of genetic programming is used to develop a relationship to predict the P10 value in unsaturated soils from BBM parameters. Finally, the application of the proposed equation is shown through illustrative examples.
Differences between male and female university students in sleepiness, weekday sleep loss, and weekend sleep duration
Authors: Putilov Arcady A. , Sveshnikov Dmitry S. , Bakaeva Zarina B. , Yakunina Elena B. , Starshinov Yuri P. , Torshin Vladimir I. , Alipov Nikolay N. , Sergeeva Olga V. , Trutneva Elena A. , Lapkin Michael M. , Lopatskaya Zhanna N. , Budkevich Roman O. , Budkevich Elena V. , Puchkova Alexandra N. , Dorokhov Vladimir B. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionWomen and men experience sleep differently and the difference in intrinsic desire for sleep might underlie some of the observed male‐female differences. The objective of this cross‐sectional questionnaire study of university students was to determine male‐female differences in self‐reported sleepiness and sleep‐wake patterns.MethodsFive questionnaires were completed by 1650 students at four Russian universities.ResultsCompared to male students, female students reported a lower subjective sleep quality score, had a higher morning sleepability score and lower nighttime and daytime wakeability scores. They more often reported excessive daytime sleepiness and expected to be sleepier at any time of the day with the largest male‐female difference around the times of sleep onset and offset. On free days, they reported a longer sleep duration and an earlier sleep onset. Free‐weekday difference was larger for sleep duration and smaller for sleep onset. Such male‐female differences showed similarity to the differences observed in university and high school students from different countries around the globe. There was no significant male‐female difference in weekly averaged sleep duration, weekday sleep duration, hours slept, midpoint of sleep on free days, free‐weekday difference in sleep offset, social jetlag, and morningness‐eveningness score. Therefore, when studies rely on these self‐reports, the most salient male‐female differences might not be immediately evident.ConclusionsIt seems that the intrinsic desire for longer sleep duration might contribute to a higher susceptibility of female students to weekday sleep loss. Among these students, negative effects of reduced sleep duration might be more common and more detrimental.
Meningioma with transcalvarial extension and malignant transformation presenting as a frontoparietal scalp swelling
Authors: Esmat Habib Ahmad , Naseri Mohammad Wali , Shirzai Asadullah 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Meningiomas are the slow-growing and most common benign CNS tumors. They usually behave as expansive lesions, compressing the brain tissue, but some are invasive with malignant potential, causing direct invasion of the neighboring structures with extracranial extension. Malignant meningioma (MM) is rare and accounts for about 1% of all intracranial meningiomas. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI imaging are useful diagnostic tools for an accurate diagnosis. However, biopsy or resection is the only method to definitively confirm the diagnosis through histopathologic analysis and revealing the grade of meningiomas.

Case presentation:
A 79-year-old male presented to our neurosurgery outpatient clinic 5 years ago, complaining of a left frontal swelling. His brain MRI revealed a mass in the frontal region of the brain with minimal extracranial transcalvarial extension into the frontoparietal scalp region. During the 5 years follow up no significant progression was observed in the mass size and extension. In July 2020, he complained of speech disorder, indicating an increase in mass size and transcalvarial extension as documented by brain imaging. Surgical intervention and mass resection was done. The pathologic exam revealed a meningioma with malignant transformation.

Discussion:
Most of the meningiomas are benign tumors and consider grade 1. However, 1–3% of these lesions are known as malignant meningiomas, which have a high recurrence and mortality rate even after the surgery.

Conclusion: Intracranial malignant meningioma with transcalvarial extension is an exceedingly rare entity. Computed tomography and MRI imaging are useful diagnostic tools for an accurate diagnosis. However, biopsy or resection is the only method to definitively confirm the diagnosis, through histopathologic analysis and revealing the grade of meningiomas. Complete surgical resection is the mainstay of the treatment and preoperative embolization is a proven ancillary management technique for intracranial meningiomas, leading to decreased operative blood loss, increased visualization of the operative field, and better resection of the tumor.

Highlights
Hydrodynamic damping of an oscillating cylinder at small Keulegan–Carpenter numbers
Authors: Ren Chengjiao , Lu Lin , Cheng Liang , Chen Tingguo 
Published: March 2021

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of oscillatory flow around a cylinder show that the Stokes–Wang (S–W) solution agrees exceptionally well with DNS results over a much larger parameter space than the constraints of

$\beta K^2\ll 1$

and

$\beta \gg 1$

specified by the S–W solution, where

$K$

is the Keulegan–Carpenter number and

$\beta$

is the Stokes number. The ratio of drag coefficients predicted by DNS and the S–W solution,

$\varLambda _K$

, mapped out in the

$K\text {--}\beta$

space, shows that

$\varLambda _K < 1.05$

for

$K\leq {\sim }0.8$

and

$1 \leq \beta \leq 10^6$

, which contradicts its counterpart based on experimental results. The large

$\varLambda _K$

values are primarily induced by the flow separation on the cylinder surface, rather than the development of three-dimensional (Honji) instabilities. The difference between two-dimensional and three-dimensional DNS results is less than 2 % for

$K$

smaller than the corresponding

$K$

values on the iso-line of

$\varLambda _K = 1.1$

with

$\beta = 200\text {--}20\,950$

. The flow separation actually occurs over the parameter space where

$\varLambda _K\approx 1.0$

. It is the spatio-temporal extent of flow separation rather than separation itself that causes large

$\varLambda _K$

values. The proposed measure for the spatio-temporal extent, which is more sensitive to

$K$

than

$\beta$

, correlates extremely well with

$\varLambda _K$

. The conventional Morison equation with a quadratic drag component is fundamentally incorrect at small

$K$

where the drag component is linearly proportional to the incoming velocity with a phase difference of

${\rm \pi} /4$

. A general form of the Morison equation is proposed by considering both viscous and form drag components and demonstrated to be superior to the conventional equation for

$K < {\sim }2.0$

.
Investigating the effect of national government physical distancing measures on depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic through meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Castaldelli-Maia João M. , Marziali Megan E. , Lu Ziyin , Martins Silvia S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 physical distancing measures can potentially increase the likelihood of mental disorders. It is unknown whether these measures are associated with depression and anxiety.ObjectivesTo investigate meta-analytic global levels of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and how the implementation of mitigation strategies (i.e. public transportation closures, stay-at-home orders, etc.) impacted such disorders.Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, BIOSIS Citation Index, Current Content Connect, PsycINFO, CINAHL, medRxiv, and PsyArXiv databases for depression and anxiety prevalences; Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker for the containment and closure policies indexes; Global Burden of Disease Study for previous levels of depression and anxiety.Study eligibility criteriaOriginal studies conducted during COVID-19 pandemic, which assessed categorical depression and anxiety, using PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales (cutoff ⩾10).Participants and interventionsGeneral population, healthcare providers, students, and patients. National physical distancing measures.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsMeta-analysis and meta-regression.ResultsIn total, 226 638 individuals were assessed within the 60 included studies. Global prevalence of both depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic was 24.0% and 21.3%, respectively. There were differences in the prevalence of both anxiety and depression reported across regions and countries. Asia (17.6% and 17.9%), and China (16.2% and 15.5%) especially, had the lowest prevalence of both disorders. Regarding the impact of mitigation strategies on mental health, only public transportation closures increased the prevalence of anxiety, especially in Europe.LimitationsCountry-level data on physical distancing measures and previous anxiety/depression may not necessarily reflect local (i.e. city-specific) contexts.Conclusions and implications of key findingsMental health concerns should not be viewed only as a delayed consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also as a concurrent epidemic. Our data provide support for policy-makers to consider real-time enhanced mental health services, and increase initiatives to foster positive mental health outcomes.
Percutaneous management of a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in an infant
Authors: Palma Andreia , Silva Patrícia V. , Pires António 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRuptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare entity in children. To our knowledge, this is the youngest child reported in the literature with a sinus of Valsalva ruptured aneurysm being successfully treated percutaneously using an AmplatzerTM Duct Occluder II Additional Sizes device.
Habraken, Jacobs, and Ostrom on governing the built environment: the case of common interest developments
Authors: Horowitz John B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHabraken's Structure of the Ordinary (SOTO), Jacobs' view of cities, and Ostrom's Design Principles and Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework focus on essential elements and relationships for the effective governance of the environment. However, they have different perspectives about what is necessary for successful governance. This article compares and contrasts Habraken's, Jacobs', and Ostrom's views and applies them to Common Interest Developments (CIDs). Habraken, Jacobs, and Habraken discuss the importance of public territory. Habraken views public territory as relative: a territory in a built environment can be private relative to a larger, or higher level, territory, and public relative to an included, lower level, territory. Jacobs discusses the importance of connections and accommodating strangers without sacrificing safety. Ostrom views common-pool resources as goods whose use causes less to be available to others. For their part, CIDs represent a particular governance vehicle for defining what is public and private in large residential developments. For both Habraken and Ostrom, the transformation of the physical environment reflects agents' common values constrained by material, technical, cultural, and economic conditions. Rather than one mutual understanding, Jacobs wrote that balancing the commercial and the guardian values is crucial for society's health and survival.