bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conquering nightmares on the phone: one-session counseling using imagery rehearsal therapy
Authors: Lüth Katharina , Schmitt Judith , Schredl Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Since people with nightmares rarely seek help, low-threshold interventions and self-help methods are needed. Among different treatment approaches for nightmares, imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) is the method of choice.

Objective
In the current study, the authors tested whether IRT is also effective when applied in a short version, within the scope of a single session of telephone counseling.

Methods
The nightmare frequency and nightmare distress of 28 participants was investigated before and 8 weeks after one session of telephone counseling. The 30-minute session included information on nightmare etiology as well as a short version of IRT. The session was followed by an 8‑week period of self-practice. Participants were either part of a student group or part of a group of patients from a sleep laboratory. Within-group and between-group differences were assessed. There was no control group.

Results
The intervention significantly reduced nightmare frequency and nightmare distress in the total sample and in both samples individually analyzed. Effect sizes were very high compared to those of waiting-list control groups of similar studies.

Conclusion
We were able to show that a one-session intervention can be enough to achieve significant relief from nightmares. As nightmares are underdiagnosed and undertreated, this approach might help to provide a low-threshold intervention for nightmare sufferers.
Rassismuskritik als Identitätspolitik?
Authors: Scherr Albert 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungÜber die wissenschaftliche Tragfähigkeit und die gesellschaftlichen Konsequenzen identitätspolitischer Positionen, wie sie nicht zuletzt in der Rassismuskritik einflussreich sind, hat sich eine heftige Kontroverse entwickelt. Der Beitrag zeigt Erfordernisse und Perspektiven einer differenzierten Auseinandersetzung mit unterschiedlichen Spielarten von Identitätspolitik und ihrer Kritik auf.
In der Offenen Jugendarbeit geht noch was
Authors: Schwerthelm Moritz , Sturzenhecker Benedikt 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Assistenz von Selbstorganisation benachteiligter junger Menschen ist eine zentrale fachliche Aufgabe Offener Kinder- und Jugendarbeit. Sie entsteht aus den strukturellen Potenzialen der OKJA für demokratische Partizipation. Das Konzept von Selbstorganisation in der Jugendarbeit ist von einer Selbstorganisation neoliberaler Lesart abzugrenzen. Hemmnisse professioneller Assistenz von Selbstorganisation werden analysiert und Ansätze zu einer besseren Förderung entwickelt.
The Impact of the Real Estate Crisis on a South European Metropolis: From Urban Diffusion to Reurbanisation
Authors: Crisci Massimiliano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBeginning in the 1970s, the urban core of the Rome Metropolitan Area (RMA) experienced four decades of intense depopulation and urban diffusion, which caused a considerable social impact. On the basis of an original dataset on residential mobility within the city of Rome, this paper aims to show that the RMA is currently experiencing a new stage of reurbanisation resulting from the bursting of the housing bubble after the 2008 crisis. Unlike other European contexts, the RMA repopulation is lacking forms of “urban resurgence” and is taking place in one of the most difficult periods of the city’s recent history. Paradoxically, the trend of private real estate market succeeded to stop urban sprawl where for a long time public decision-maker had failed. This created an opportunity to finally govern the process and steadily halt the urban diffusion, implementing targeted residential densification measures aimed at stabilising the demographic recovery of the urban core and preventing a return to urban sprawl.
Emotion Speech Synthesis Method Based on Multi-Channel Time–Frequency Domain Generative Adversarial Networks (MC-TFD GANs) and Mixup
Authors: Jia Ning , Zheng Chunjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs one of the most challenging and promising topics in speech field, emotion speech synthesis is a hot topic in current research. At present, the emotion expression ability, synthesis speed and robustness of synthetic speech need to be improved. Cycle-consistent Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN) provides a two-way breakthrough in the transformation of emotional corpus information. But there is still a gap between the real target and the synthesis speech. In order to narrow this gap, we propose an emotion speech synthesis method combining multi-channel Time–frequency Domain Generative Adversarial Networks (MC-TFD GANs) and Mixup. It includes three stages: multichannel Time–frequency Domain GANs (MC-TFD GANs), loss estimation based on Mixup and effective emotion region stacking based on Mixup. Among them, the gating unit GTLU (gated tanh linear units) and the image expression method of speech saliency region are designed. It combines the Time–frequency Domain MaskCycleGAN based on improved GTLU and the time-domain CycleGAN based on saliency region to form the multi-channel GAN in the first stage. Based on Mixup method, the calculation method of loss and the aggravation degree of emotion region are designed. Compared with several popular speech synthesis methods, the comparative experiments were carried out on the interactive emotional dynamic motion capture (IEMOCAP) corpus. The bi-directional three-layer long short-term memory (LSTM) model was used as the verification model. The experimental results showed that the mean opinion score (MOS) and the unweighted accuracy (UA) of the speech generated by the synthesis method were improved, and the improvements were 4% and 2.7%, respectively. The current model was superior to the existing GANs model in subjective evaluation and objective experiments, ensure that the speech generated by this model had higher reliability, better fluency and emotional expression ability.
Graphene-based composite membranes for nanofiltration: performances and future perspectives
Authors: Voicu S. I. , Thakur V. K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanofiltration is one of the most widely used membrane processes for water purification with high practical value because of a large number of chemical species that are separated through this process. Usually, for nanofiltration, high energy–consuming operations are involved including the generation of enough pressure for the rejection of jumps and lower molecular weight chemicals at the surface of the membrane. Recent developments in the synthesis of nanocomposite membranes with graphene and graphene derivatives have led to an increase in energy requirements and the increase in membranes performances. In the present review, we have presented the recent advances in the field of graphene-based composite membranes for nanofiltration with applications for both types of based solvents—aqueous solutions and organic solvents. The presentation will be focused especially on the performances of membranes and applications of these materials for the rejection of salts (Na+, Mg2+), heavy metals (Li2+), and lower molecular weight organic compounds (methylene blue, Congo red, Direct Red, Methyl orange, Reactive green 13, etc.). Modern synthesis methods like interfacial polymerization for obtaining thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes are also presented.
The Unmeritorious ‘Legality’/‘Merits’ Distinction in Singapore Administrative Law
Authors: Ong Benjamin Joshua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Singapore courts often state that judicial review of executive decision-making ought only to involve an inquiry into the ‘legality’ of a decision or the ‘decision-making process’, and not the ‘decision itself’ or its ‘merits’ – let us call this the ‘Distinction’. This article argues that the Distinction should be expunged from Singapore law. The Distinction has its roots in English case law which aimed to prevent the courts from arbitrarily substituting their decision for the executive's by reason of mere disagreement. But Singapore case law has gone further and treated the Distinction as a general principle applicable to all of administrative law. However, the Distinction is too vague for this purpose (as seen from Singapore cases which have interpreted the distinction inconsistently). It is conceptually problematic, incompatible with the practicalities of judicial review (particularly substantive review as recognized in Singapore law), and has occasionally been paid lip service but not followed in substance. The Distinction cannot form a coherent principle to guide the courts and ought to be replaced by a more nuanced application of constitutional principles relevant to determining the appropriate scope of review. Whatever these principles may be, and however they are to be balanced, the Distinction can be but an over-inclusive rough approximation of them which hampers the development of the law.
Antibiotic overuse after discharge from medical short-stay units
Authors: Soper Nathaniel S. , Appukutty Abhinav J. , Paje David , Petty Lindsay A. , Flanders Scott A. , Zhang Qisu , Horowitz Jennifer K. , Vaughn Valerie M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOf 100 patients discharged from short-stay units (SSUs) with antibiotics, 47 had a skin and soft-tissue infection, 22 had pneumonia, and 21 had a urinary tract infection. Among all discharge antibiotic prescriptions, 78% involved antibiotic overuse, most commonly excess duration (54 of 100) and guideline discordant selection (44 of 100).
Impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic review
Authors: Saniasiaya J , Prepageran N 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo outline the impact on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction.MethodsFive databases were searched for articles referring to the impact on quality of life in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. The search was conducted for the period from November 2019 to April 2021. The search was conducted over one month (May 2021).ResultsFour studies that met the objective were included. Altogether, there were 1045 patients. Various questionnaires were used to assess quality of life. Overall, the quality of life deficit affected 67.7 per cent of patients. Quality of life domains investigated include overall quality of life (four studies), food and taste dysfunction (two studies), mental health (two studies), cognitive function (one study), functional outcome (one study) and safety domains (one study).ConclusionQuality of life deficit was reported to be 67.7 per cent among coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction. The high prevalence of persistent olfactory dysfunction prompts more serious research, as the long-standing consequences of olfactory dysfunction are detrimental.
Episodic basin-scale soil moisture anomalies associated with high relative humidity events in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Levy Joseph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOutside of hydrologically wetted active layer soils and humidity-sensitive soil brines, low soil moisture is a limiting factor controlling biogeochemical processes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. But anecdotal field observations suggest that episodic wetting and darkening of surface soils in the absence of snowmelt occurs during high humidity conditions. Here, I analyse long-term meteorological station data to determine whether soil-darkening episodes are present in the instrumental record and whether they are, in fact, correlated with relative humidity. A strong linear correlation is found between relative humidity and soil reflectance at the Lake Bonney long-term autonomous weather station. Soil reflectance is found to decrease annually by a median of 27.7% in response to high humidity conditions. This magnitude of darkening is consistent with soil moisture rising from typical background values of < 0.5 wt.% to 2–3 wt.%, suggesting that regional atmospheric processes may result in widespread soil moisture generation in otherwise dry surface soils. Temperature and relative humidity conditions under which darkening is observed occur for hundreds of hours per year, but are dominated by episodes occurring between midnight and 07h00 local time, suggesting that wetting events may be common, but are not widely observed during typical diel science operations.
Empires’ city-building and the 1792 intervention of Aupaumut's book
Authors: Eckstein Barbara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFollowing indigenous thought, this article urges readers to understand that the past lies before us, more knowable than our ideologies ordinarily allow. The article specifically asserts that if, for England, imperialism was the last model of city-building, in the United States it was the first. A pattern of ‘improvement’ financed by negative externalities established from first contact remains visible, especially in US metropolitan areas. The article's example is one site in Ohio. Indicative of virtually all US metropolitan areas, it has nonetheless a specific history that includes an occasion, recorded in negotiator Hendrick Aupaumut's 1792 narrative, when a break from the pattern was possible.
Palliative sedation in patients with advanced cancer in a specialized unit in a middle-income country: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Araujo Carolina Záu Serpa , de Araújo Laís Záu Serpa , Nassar Junior Antonio Paulo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the 5-year practice on palliative sedation in a specialized palliative care unit in a deprived region in Brazil, and to compare survival of patients with advanced cancer who were and were not sedated during their end-of-life care.MethodRetrospective cohort study in a tertiary teaching hospital. We described the practice of palliative sedation and compared the survival time between patients who were and were not sedated in their last days of life.ResultsWe included 906 patients who were admitted to the palliative care unit during the study period, of whom, 92 (10.2%) received palliative sedation. Patients who were sedated were younger, presented with higher rates of delirium, and reported more pain, suffering, and dyspnea than those who were not sedated. Median hospital survival of patients who received palliative sedation was 9.30 (CI 95%, 7.51–11.81) days and of patients who were not sedated was 8.2 (CI 95%, 7.3–9.0) days (P= 0.31). Adjusted for age and sex, palliative sedation was not significantly associated with hospital survival (hazard ratio = 0.93; CI 95%, 0.74–1.15).Significance of resultsPalliative sedation can be accomplished even in a deprived area. Delirium, dyspnea, and pain were more common in patients who were sedated. Median survival was not reduced in patients who were sedated.
Serotonin depletion impairs both Pavlovian and instrumental reversal learning in healthy humans
Authors: Kanen Jonathan W. , Apergis-Schoute Annemieke M. , Yellowlees Robyn , Arntz Fréderique E. , van der Flier Febe E. , Price Annabel , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Christmas David M. , Clark Luke , Sahakian Barbara J. , Crockett Molly J. , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSerotonin is involved in updating responses to changing environmental circumstances. Optimising behaviour to maximise reward and minimise punishment may require shifting strategies upon encountering new situations. Likewise, autonomic responses to threats are critical for survival yet must be modified as danger shifts from one source to another. Whilst numerous psychiatric disorders are characterised by behavioural and autonomic inflexibility, few studies have examined the contribution of serotonin in humans. We modelled both processes, respectively, in two independent experiments (N = 97). Experiment 1 assessed instrumental (stimulus-response-outcome) reversal learning whereby individuals learned through trial and error which action was most optimal for obtaining reward or avoiding punishment initially, and the contingencies subsequently reversed serially. Experiment 2 examined Pavlovian (stimulus-outcome) reversal learning assessed by the skin conductance response: one innately threatening stimulus predicted receipt of an uncomfortable electric shock and another did not; these contingencies swapped in a reversal phase. Upon depleting the serotonin precursor tryptophan—in a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled design—healthy volunteers showed impairments in updating both actions and autonomic responses to reflect changing contingencies. Reversal deficits in each domain, furthermore, were correlated with the extent of tryptophan depletion. Initial Pavlovian conditioning, moreover, which involved innately threatening stimuli, was potentiated by depletion. These results translate findings in experimental animals to humans and have implications for the neurochemical basis of cognitive inflexibility.
Placental DNA methylation signatures of maternal smoking during pregnancy and potential impacts on fetal growth
Authors: Everson Todd M. , Vives-Usano Marta , Seyve Emie , Cardenas Andres , Lacasaña Marina , Craig Jeffrey M. , Lesseur Corina , Baker Emily R. , Fernandez-Jimenez Nora , Heude Barbara , Perron Patrice , Gónzalez-Alzaga Beatriz , Halliday Jane , Deyssenroth Maya A. , Karagas Margaret R. , Íñiguez Carmen , Bouchard Luigi , Carmona-Sáez Pedro , Loke Yuk J. , Hao Ke , Belmonte Thalia , Charles Marie A. , Martorell-Marugán Jordi , Muggli Evelyne , Chen Jia , Fernández Mariana F. , Tost Jorg , Gómez-Martín Antonio , London Stephanie J. , Sunyer Jordi , Marsit Carmen J. , Lepeule Johanna , Hivert Marie-France , Bustamante Mariona 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) contributes to poor birth outcomes, in part through disrupted placental functions, which may be reflected in the placental epigenome. Here we present a meta-analysis of the associations between MSDP and placental DNA methylation (DNAm) and between DNAm and birth outcomes within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) consortium (N = 1700, 344 with MSDP). We identify 443 CpGs that are associated with MSDP, of which 142 associated with birth outcomes, 40 associated with gene expression, and 13 CpGs are associated with all three. Only two CpGs have consistent associations from a prior meta-analysis of cord blood DNAm, demonstrating substantial tissue-specific responses to MSDP. The placental MSDP-associated CpGs are enriched for environmental response genes, growth-factor signaling, and inflammation, which play important roles in placental function. We demonstrate links between placental DNAm, MSDP and poor birth outcomes, which may better inform the mechanisms through which MSDP impacts placental function and fetal growth.
Climatic windows for human migration out of Africa in the past 300,000 years
Authors: Beyer Robert M. , Krapp Mario , Eriksson Anders , Manica Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhilst an African origin of modern humans is well established, the timings and routes of their expansions into Eurasia are the subject of heated debate, due to the scarcity of fossils and the lack of suitably old ancient DNA. Here, we use high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstructions to estimate how difficult it would have been for humans in terms of rainfall availability to leave the African continent in the past 300k years. We then combine these results with an anthropologically and ecologically motivated estimate of the minimum level of rainfall required by hunter-gatherers to survive, allowing us to reconstruct when, and along which geographic paths, expansions out of Africa would have been climatically feasible. The estimated timings and routes of potential contact with Eurasia are compatible with archaeological and genetic evidence of human expansions out of Africa, highlighting the key role of palaeoclimate variability for modern human dispersals.
Li-ion storage properties of two-dimensional titanium-carbide synthesized via fast one-pot method in air atmosphere
Authors: Ma Guoliang , Shao Hui , Xu Jin , Liu Ying , Huang Qing , Taberna Pierre-Louis , Simon Patrice , Lin Zifeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStructural bidimensional transition-metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) have drawn the attention of the material science research community thanks to their unique physical-chemical properties. However, a facile and cost-effective synthesis of MXenes has not yet been reported. Here, using elemental precursors, we report a method for MXene synthesis via titanium aluminium carbide formation and subsequent in situ etching in one molten salt pot. The molten salts act as the reaction medium and prevent the oxidation of the reactants during the high-temperature synthesis process, thus enabling the synthesis of MXenes in an air environment without using inert gas protection. Cl-terminated Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx MXenes are prepared using this one-pot synthetic method, where the in situ etching step at 700 °C requires only approximately 10 mins. Furthermore, when used as an active material for nonaqueous Li-ion storage in a half-cell configuration, the obtained Ti2CTx MXene exhibits lithiation capacity values of approximately 280 mAh g−1 and 160 mAh g−1 at specific currents of 0.1 A g−1 and 2 A g−1, respectively.
Ten-eleven translocation 1 mediated-DNA hydroxymethylation is required for myelination and remyelination in the mouse brain
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang Jian , Zhang Kaixiang , Lu Guozhen , Liu Yuming , Ren Keke , Wang Wenting , Xin Dazhuan , Xu Lingli , Mao Honghui , Xing Junlin , Gao Xingchun , Jin Weilin , Berry Kalen , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Wu Shengxi , Lu Q. Richard , Zhao Xianghui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTen-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, the dioxygenase for DNA hydroxymethylation, are important players in nervous system development and diseases. However, their role in myelination and remyelination after injury remains elusive. Here, we identify a genome-wide and locus-specific DNA hydroxymethylation landscape shift during differentiation of oligodendrocyte-progenitor cells (OPC). Ablation of Tet1 results in stage-dependent defects in oligodendrocyte (OL) development and myelination in the mouse brain. The mice lacking Tet1 in the oligodendrocyte lineage develop behavioral deficiency. We also show that TET1 is required for remyelination in adulthood. Transcriptomic, genomic occupancy, and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiling reveal a critical TET1-regulated epigenetic program for oligodendrocyte differentiation that includes genes associated with myelination, cell division, and calcium transport. Tet1-deficient OPCs exhibit reduced calcium activity, increasing calcium activity rescues the differentiation defects in vitro. Deletion of a TET1-5hmC target gene, Itpr2, impairs the onset of OPC differentiation. Together, our results suggest that stage-specific TET1-mediated epigenetic programming and intracellular signaling are important for proper myelination and remyelination in mice.