bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on a soft-measurement model of gasification temperature based on recurrent neural network
Authors: An Haiquan , Fang Xinhui , Liu Zhen , Li Ye 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gasification temperature measurement is one of the most challenging tasks in an entrained-flow gasifier and often requires indirect calculation using the soft-sensor method, a parameter prediction method using other parameters that are more easily measurable and using correlation equations that are widely accepted in the gasification field for the temperature data. Machine learning is a non-linear prediction method that can adequately act as a soft sensor. Furthermore, the recurrent neural network (RNN) has the function of memorization, which makes it capable of learning how to deal with temporal order. In this paper, the oxygen–coal ratio, CH4 content and CO2 content determined through the process analysis of a 3000-t/d coal-water slurry gasifier are used as input parameters for the soft sensor of the gasification temperature. The RNN model and back propagation (BP) neural network model are then established with training-set data from gasification results. Compared with prediction set data from the gasification results, the RNN model is found to be much better than the BP neural network based on important indexes such as the mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and standard deviation (SD). The results show that the MSE of the prediction set of the RNN model is 6.25°C, the MAE is 10.33°C and the SD is 3.88°C, respectively. The overall accuracy, the average accuracy and the stability effects are well within the accepted ranges for the results as such.
Successful ablation of bifocal premature ventricular complexes from both left bundle branches triggering polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in long QT syndrome 2: a case report
Authors: Martinek Martin , Kollias Georgios , Derndorfer Michael , Pürerfellner Helmut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
A 19-year-old woman with an established diagnosis of long QT syndrome (LQTS) 2 and underlying KCNH2-mutation was referred to our centre for recurrent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) refractory to medical therapy and bilateral thoracic sympathectomy.

Case summary
Holter monitoring revealed a relevant premature ventricular complex (PVC) burden of two different morphologies. One PVC was originating from the left anterior fascicle, the other from the left posterior fascicle. Radiofrequency ablation resulted in complete suppression of both spontaneous PVC morphologies with a favourable clinical course over the next 2 years.

Discussion
This case presents two interesting insights: firstly, the consistent bigeminal pattern of the torsade de pointes triggering PVC. These were retrieved from the device interrogation and correlated with the pattern that was seen at the time of the procedure. Secondly, PVC morphologies suggested an origin from both the left ventricular (posterior and anterior) fascicles, which have not been described so far. This was confirmed by the preceding Purkinje potentials seen at the successful ablation sites in sinus rhythm and during PVC. Ablation of triggering PVCs causing recurrent VT/VF in LQTS 2 is feasible and effective over a mid-term follow-up.
Effects of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy adapted for patients with cardiovascular disease and depression: a long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial at 6 and 12 months posttreatment
Authors: Westas Mats , Lundgren Johan , Andersson Gerhard , Mourad Ghassan , Johansson Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Internet-based cognitive behavioural treatment (iCBT) has shown positive short-term effects on depression in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, knowledge regarding long-term effects and factors that may impact the effect of iCBT is lacking.

Aims
This study therefore sought (i) to evaluate the effect of iCBT on depression in CVD patients at 6- and 12-month follow-ups and (ii) to explore factors that might impact on the effect of iCBT on change in depression at 12-month follow-up.

Methods and results
A longitudinal follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a 9-week iCBT programme compared to an online discussion forum (ODF) on depression in CVD patients (n = 144). After 9 weeks, those in the ODF group were offered the chance to take part in the iCBT programme. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale—self-rated version (MADRS-S) measured depression at baseline, 9 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Linear mixed model and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical computing. The iCBT programme significantly improved depression at 9-week follow-up and this was stable at 6- and 12-month follow-ups (PHQ-9 P = 0.001, MADRS-S P = 0.001). Higher levels of depression at baseline and a diagnosis of heart failure were factors found to impact the effect of iCBT on the change in depression.

Conclusion
A 9-week iCBT programme in CVD patients led to long-term improvement in depression. Higher levels of depression scores at baseline were associated with improvement in depression, whereas heart failure had opposite effect.

Clinical trial
The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02778074.
Nonadditive gene expression is correlated with nonadditive phenotypic expression in interspecific triploid hybrids of willow (Salix spp.)
Authors: Carlson Craig H , Choi Yongwook , Chan Agnes P , Town Christopher D , Smart Lawrence B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many studies have highlighted the complex and diverse basis for heterosis in inbred crops. Despite the lack of a consensus model, it is vital that we turn our attention to understanding heterosis in undomesticated, heterozygous, and polyploid species, such as willow (Salix spp.). Shrub willow is a dedicated energy crop bred to be fast-growing and high yielding on marginal land without competing with food crops. A trend in willow breeding is the consistent pattern of heterosis in triploids produced from crosses between diploid and tetraploid species. Here, we test whether differentially expressed genes are associated with heterosis in triploid families derived from diploid Salix purpurea, diploid Salix viminalis, and tetraploid Salix miyabeana parents. Three biological replicates of shoot tips from all family progeny and parents were collected after 12 weeks in the greenhouse and RNA extracted for RNA-Seq analysis. This study provides evidence that nonadditive patterns of gene expression are correlated with nonadditive phenotypic expression in interspecific triploid hybrids of willow. Expression-level dominance was most correlated with heterosis for biomass yield traits and was highly enriched for processes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. In addition, there was a global dosage effect of parent alleles in triploid hybrids, with expression proportional to copy number variation. Importantly, differentially expressed genes between family parents were most predictive of heterosis for both field and greenhouse collected traits. Altogether, these data will be used to progress models of heterosis to complement the growing genomic resources available for the improvement of heterozygous perennial bioenergy crops.
microRNA-252 and FoxO repress inflammaging by a dual inhibitory mechanism on Dawdle-mediated TGF-β pathway inDrosophila
Authors: Wu Xiaofen , Niu Kongyan , Wang Xiaofan , Zhao Jing , Wang Han , Li Dean , Wang Hui , Miao Ting , Yang Yun , Ma Huanhuan , Zhang Yaoyang , Pan Lei , Liu Rui , Bai Hua , Liu Nan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInflammaging refers to low-grade, chronically activated innate immunity that has deleterious effects on healthy lifespan. However, little is known about the intrinsic signaling pathway that elicits innate immune genes during aging. Here, using Drosophila melanogaster, we profile the microRNA targetomes in young and aged animals, and reveal Dawdle, an activin-like ligand of the TGF-β pathway, as a physiological target of microRNA-252. We show that microRNA-252 cooperates with Forkhead box O, a conserved transcriptional factor implicated in aging, to repress Dawdle. Unopposed Dawdle triggers hyperactivation of innate immune genes coupled with a decline in organismal survival. Using adult muscle tissues, single-cell sequencing analysis describes that Dawdle and its downstream innate immune genes are expressed in distinct cell types, suggesting a cell nonautonomous mode of regulation. We further determine the genetic cascade by which Dawdle signaling leads to increased Kenny/IKKγ protein, which in turn activates Relish/NF-κB protein and consequentially innate immune genes. Finally, transgenic increase of microRNA-252 and Forkhead box O pathway factors in wild-type Drosophila extends lifespan and mitigates the induction of innate immune genes in aging. Together, we propose that microRNA-252 and Forkhead box O promote healthy longevity by cooperative inhibition on Dawdle-mediated inflammaging.
Strengthening local governance in health financing in China: a text-mining analysis of policy changes between 2009 and 2020
Authors: Liu Kai , Wang Tianyu , Bai Chen , Liu Lingrui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the last two decades, developing countries have increasingly engaged in improving the governance of their health systems and promoting policy design to strengthen their health governance capacity. Although many well-designed national policy strategies have been promulgated, obstacles to policy implementation and compliance among localities may undermine these efforts, particularly in decentralized health systems. Studies on health governance have rarely adopted a central–local analysis to investigate in detail local governments’ distinct experiences, orientations and dynamics in implementing the same national policy initiative. This study examines the policy orientations of prefectural governments in strengthening governance in health financing in China, which has transitioned from emphasizing the approach of fiscal resource input to that of marketization promotion and cost-containment regulation enforcement at the national level since 2009. Employing text-mining methodologies, we analysed health policy documents issued by multi-level governments after 2009. The analysis revealed three salient findings. Firstly, compared to higher-level authorities, prefectural governments generally opted to use fiscal resource input over marketization promotion and cost-containment regulation enforcement between 2009 and 2020. Secondly, policy choices of prefectural governments varied considerably in terms of enforcing cost-containment regulations during the same period. Thirdly, the extent of the prefectural government’s orientation toward marketization promotion or cost-containment regulation enforcement was not only determined by the top-down orders of higher-level authorities but was also incentivized by the government’s fiscal dependency and the policy orientations of peer governments. These findings contribute to the health governance literature by providing an overview of local discretion in policy choices and the political and fiscal dynamics of local policy orientations in promoting health governance in a decentralized health system.
The Social Construction of Global Health Priorities: An Empirical Analysis of Contagion in Bilateral Health Aid
Authors: Baccini Leonardo , Heinzel Mirko , Koenig-Archibugi Mathias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDonors of development assistance for health typically provide funding for a range of disease focus areas, such as maternal health and child health, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other infectious diseases. But funding for each disease category does not match closely its contribution to the disability and loss of life it causes and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. We argue that peer influences in the social construction of global health priorities contribute to explaining this misalignment. Aid policy-makers are embedded in a social environment encompassing other donors, health experts, advocacy groups, and international officials. This social environment influences the conceptual and normative frameworks of decision-makers, which in turn affect their funding priorities. Aid policy-makers are especially likely to emulate decisions on funding priorities taken by peers with whom they are most closely involved in the context of expert and advocacy networks. We draw on novel data on donor connectivity through health IGOs and health INGOs and assess the argument by applying spatial regression models to health aid disbursed globally between 1990 and 2017. The analysis provides strong empirical support for our argument that the involvement in overlapping expert and advocacy networks shapes funding priorities regarding disease categories and recipient countries in health aid.
Vaccine suspension, risk, and precaution in a pandemic
Authors: Pugh Jonathan , Wilkinson Dominic , Kerridge Ian , Savulescu Julian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In early 2021, cases of rare adverse events were observed in individuals who had received the Astra Zeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Countries around the world differed radically in their policy responses to these observations. In this paper, we outline the ethical justification for different policy approaches for managing the emerging risks of novel vaccines in a pandemic. We begin by detailing the precautionary approach that some countries adopted, and distinguishing ethical questions regarding the management of known and unknown risks. We go on to outline the harms of adopting a highly precautionary approach in a pandemic context, and explain why an appropriate policy approach should accommodate the benefits as well as the risks of vaccination. In the final section, we outline three policy approaches that can accommodate the different benefits of vaccination, whilst taking into account the harms of precaution. Whilst we do not set out to defend one particular policy approach, we explain how different moral theories lend different degrees of support to each of these different approaches. Our analysis elucidates how fundamental value conflicts in public health ethics played out on the global stage of vaccine policy.
Foreign body reaction to spilled gastric contents mimicking peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Redden Mark , Riddell Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents the third most common cancer worldwide. The presence of peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer indicates Stage 4 disease with poor prognosis. We report a case of a foreign body reaction to plant material spilled during previous surgery, which mimicked peritoneal metastases. A 62-year-old male was found to have recto-sigmoid adenocarcinoma on colonoscopy. At the time of resection, peritoneal nodules were identified throughout the peritoneal cavity with the appearance of metastases. The resection was aborted, a diverting colostomy was fashioned and biopsies of the nodules were taken. The histology showed a foreign body reaction to plant material that was spilled during a sleeve gastrectomy that was performed 4 years prior. The patient subsequently underwent anterior resection with anastomosis and has recovered from surgery.
Management and prognosis of liposarcomas of the spermatic cord: an experience with six cases
Authors: Sahnoun Wajih , Chakroun Marouene , Zaghbib Selim , Saadi Ahmed , Blel Ahlem , Rammeh Soumaya , Ayed Haroun , Chebil Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord (LSC) is a rare tumor with no consensus on therapeutic management. This study reports six new cases of LSC. The patients’ age ranged from 56 to 80 years. All patients presented with a scrotal mass, and it was ultrasound that oriented the diagnosis. The initial treatment consisted of an inguinal orchiectomy. Anatomopathological study coupled with immunohistochemistry using the anti-MDM2 antibody confirmed that the tumors were well-differentiated LSC in four cases and dedifferentiated LSC in the other two cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in two patients. No recurrence was noted in these two patients at 14 and 34 months of follow-up. The only recurrence we had was local and occurred at 44 months of follow-up in a patient who had a dedifferentiated form ofLSC.
Evaluation of RNA Isolation Methods in Human Adipose Tissue
Authors: Nandi Jui Bipasha , Sarsenbayeva Assel , Jernow Henning , Hetty Susanne , Pereira Maria J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
Research has shown that RNA extraction from adipose tissue (AT) is challenging because of high lipid content and low RNA quantity. We compared a traditional RNA extraction with a column-based method in human AT to evaluate RNA quantity and quality.

Materials and Methods
Human subcutaneous AT (n = 9) was collected through needle biopsy, and RNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform traditional method and the RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini Kit column-based method. The RNA quantity, quality, integrity, and expression of key AT genes were assessed.

Results
We found that the RNA quantity and integrity were reduced by 40% and 15-20%, respectively, using the column-based method compared to the traditional method, but the findings were not statistically significant. The column-based method showed a higher 260/280 ratio (~2.0) compared to the traditional method (~1.8) (P &lt;.05), suggesting lower amounts of contaminants. The expression of AT genes was comparable between methods.

Conclusion
The traditional extraction method provides adequate RNA yield and integrity compared to the column-based method, which is an advantage when AT specimens are small.
Vaccine Liability in the Light of Covid-19: A Defence of Risk–Benefit
Authors: Goldberg Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vaccines have played an essential role in advancing medical treatment in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. However, no medical intervention is risk free, and vaccines are no exception to that rule. This article considers how lawyers have confronted or eschewed risk–benefit in the context of determining defectiveness in vaccine liability, with emphasis on the UK, European Union, and US experiences. It explores the potential role that risk–benefit may play in assessing liability for vaccines against the COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that a holistic, flexible approach to determining defectiveness embracing risk–benefit allows consideration of the overwhelming public interest derived from the continued availability and supply of vaccines, as well as immunity conferring benefits on both the individual and the community. If cases do emerge concerning the liability of a COVID-19 vaccine, immunity conferring benefits on both the individual and the community of the COVID-19 vaccines should be relevant in any determination of defectiveness. Such a holistic, flexible approach to defectiveness embracing risk–benefit can be used effectively to determine the entitled safety of a vaccine and may help to mitigate against the dangers of weakening confidence in the public’s vaccine uptake.
Predictors of infliximab refractory intestinal Behçet’s syndrome: A retrospective cohort study from the Shanghai Behçet’s syndrome database
Authors: Bao Hua-fang , Hou Cheng-cheng , Ye Bo , Zou Jun , Luo Dan , Cai Jian-fei , Shen Yan , Guan Jian-long 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This retrospective cohort study aimed to find out predictors and early biomarkers of Infliximab (IFX) refractory intestinal Behçet’s syndrome (intestinal BS).

Methods
We collected the baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and concomitant therapies of intestinal BS patients treated by IFX from the Shanghai Behçet’s syndrome database. After 1 year IFX therapy, intestinal BS patients with non-mucosal healing (NMH, intestinal ulcers detected by colonoscopy) and/or no clinical remission [NCR, scores of the disease activity index for intestinal Behçet’s disease (DAIBD) ≥20] were defined as IFX refractory intestinal BS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictors for NMH and NCR in IFX refractory intestinal BS.

Results
In 85 intestinal BS patients, NMH was identified in 29 (34.12%) patients, and NCR was confirmed in 20 (23.53%) patients. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; ≥24 mm/h) and free triiodothyronine (fT3; ≤3.3pmol/L) were the independent risk factors of NMH in IFX refractory intestinal BS. Drinking alcohol and the fT3/free thyroxine ratio (fT3/fT4; ≤0.24) were independent risk factors, and thalidomide was an independent protective factor, for NCR in intestinal BS patients treated by IFX.

Conclusion
This study may be applicable for adjusting the therapeutic strategy and sidestepping unnecessary exposure to IFX in intestinal BS patients. Routine assessments of ESR, fT3, and fT3/fT4 ratio are helpful to identify high-risk individuals of IFX refractory intestinal BS. Thalidomide is suggested to be a concomitant therapy with IFX for intestinal BS patients.
Citizenship and Paternalism*
Authors: Ferracioli Luara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Do states have a right to exclude prospective immigrants as they see fit? According to statists, the answer is a qualified yes. For these authors, self-determining political communities have a prima facie right to exclude, which can be overridden by the claims of vulnerable individuals. However, there is a concern in the philosophical literature that statists have not yet developed a theory that can protect children born in the territory from being excluded from the political community. For if the self-determining political community has the right to decide who should form the self in the first place, then that right should count against both newcomers by immigration and newcomers by birth. Or so the concern goes. This chapter defends statism against this line of criticism and defends a new account of the value of citizenship for children.
A Nuremberg Chymist and a Torgau Astrologer Read Pseudo-Weigel
Authors: Zuber Mike A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces two early readers of pseudo-Weigelian texts on the alchemical rebirth as representative of two different avenues by which this conception could have reached Jacob Boehme. Johann Siebmacher, a chymist in Nuremberg, penned a treatise that discussed the subject in 1607. It was printed a decade later under the title Wasserstein der Weysen (Water-stone of the wise). Boehme praised this work in a letter mistakenly dated 1622. Once the date is corrected to 1624, it becomes clear that Boehme only read the Wasserstein shortly before his death. This renders Paul Nagel, a millenarian and astrologer who corresponded with Boehme, the more likely source for Boehme’s spiritual alchemy of rebirth. Nagel not only copied relevant pseudo-Weigelian texts but also integrated their ideas on alchemical rebirth into his own manuscript treatises.
Introduction
Authors: Taillant Jorge Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter sets the stage for a discussion on glacier vulnerability, explaining why it is important and how the author decided to become a cryoactivist (and work to protect the Earth’s frozen environment). It explains the basic relevance of glacier cover on the planet, glaciers’ general location by region of the Earth, and some of the most notorious characteristics of glaciers, their vulnerabilities, and the impacts caused by their accelerating melt, including sea level rise, glacier tsunamis, and ocean and atmospheric warming. The chapter also describes certain invisible subsurface glaciers in the little known and little understood periglacial environment. Finally, it outlines the rest of the book into its respective chapters and subject matter with a brief summary of each topic, covering sea level rise, water supply, albedo (reflectivity), gaseous emissions, glacier tsunamis, and ocean and air current warming, among others.