bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fosfomycin Vs Ciprofloxacin as Oral Step-Down Treatment for Escherichia coli Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial
Authors: ten Doesschate Thijs , Kuiper Sander , van Nieuwkoop Cees , Hassing Robert Jan , Ketels Tom , van Mens Suzan P , van den Bijllaardt Wouter , van der Bij Akke K , Geerlings Suzanne E , Koster Ad , Koldewijn Evert L , Branger Judith , Hoepelman Andy I M , van Werkhoven Cornelis H , Bonten Marc J M ,   FORECAST Study Team, ten Doesschate Thijs , Hoepelman Andy I M , van Werkhoven Cornelis H , Bonten Marc J M , van Nieuwkoop Cees , Kuiper Sander , van Dijk Marleen M , Stalenhoef Janneke E , Smid Linda , Hassing Robert Jan , Ketels Tom , den Ouden-van der Thiel Yvonne , Gisolf Elisabeth H , van Mens Suzan P , van den Bijllaardt Wouter , van der Bij Akke K , Voogt-Vrijhoef Tanja , Geerlings Suzanne E , van der Vaart Thomas W , Koster Ad , Koldewijn Evert L , Hobijn Mandy , Van ‘t Hof Maartje , Branger Judith , Cents-Bosma Aafke S , Meinders Arend Jan , van Lelyveld Steven , Hendriks Kelly D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
We aimed to determine the noninferiority of fosfomycin compared to ciprofloxacin as an oral step-down treatment for Escherichia coli febrile urinary tract infections (fUTIs) in women.

Methods
This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in 15 Dutch hospitals. Adult women who were receiving 2–5 days of empirical intravenous antimicrobials for E. coli fUTI were assigned to step-down treatment with once-daily 3g fosfomycin or twice-daily 0.5g ciprofloxacin for 10 days of total antibiotic treatment. For the primary end point, clinical cure at days 6–10 post-end of treatment (PET), a noninferiority margin of 10% was chosen. The trial was registered on Trialregister.nl (NTR6449).

Results
After enrollment of 97 patients between 2017 and 2020, the trial ended prematurely because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The primary end point was met in 36 of 48 patients (75.0%) assigned to fosfomycin and 30 of 46 patients (65.2%) assigned to ciprofloxacin (risk difference [RD], 9.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –8.8% to 28.0%). In patients assigned to fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin, microbiological cure at days 6–10 PET occurred in 29 of 37 (78.4%) and 33 of 35 (94.3%; RD, –16.2%; 95% CI: –32.7 to –0.0%). Any gastrointestinal adverse event was reported in 25 of 48 (52.1%) and 14 of 46 (30.4%) patients (RD, 20.8%; 95% CI: 1.6% to 40.0%), respectively.

Conclusions
Fosfomycin is noninferior to ciprofloxacin as oral step-down treatment for fUTI caused by E. coli in women. Fosfomycin use is associated with more gastrointestinal events.

Clinical Trial Registration
Trial NL6275 (NTR6449).
The unintended consequences of the regulation of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Sauce Loïc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates whether the application of the latest guidance of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) for regulating cryptocurrencies may engender unintended consequences at odds with the initial purposes of transparency and technology neutrality. For instance, we will ask whether regulation strengthening may incite a category of investors to flight to unregulated and non-compliant decentralised exchange platforms to stay under the radar of regulators. Furthermore, we ask whether regulation may lead to a two-tier industry, fragmented between compliant trading venues that attract mainstream users and non-compliant trading venues that attract privacy-centric users. We argue that somewhat paradoxically, regulation may push part of the crypto-industry to the ‘dark side’ of financial innovation and drives privacy-centric investors out of the scope of regulators.
Unveiling the potential of phase portrait-based recurrence network: a revelation through lung sound analysis
Authors: Sankararaman S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The work reported in this article introduces the novel concept of phase portrait-based recurrence network (RN) analysis in the digital auscultation of expiratory wheeze (ES) and vesicular (VS), with its potential revealed through machine learning techniques (MLTs). The time-series lung sound signals of ES and VS, subjected to power spectral density analysis, revealed information regarding the morphology of the respiratory tract responsible for the generation of signature frequency components. Having constructed the complex network using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient ($P_{a,b}$) and employing the graph features for classification by principal component analysis (PCA), it is understood that the graph features thus obtained are incapable of classifying the two signals. Hence, a novel method, recurrence network, of constructing a network from the phase portrait of the time series is employed to deduce the network features. The MLTs, K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and PCA, are found to give better classification when RN topological features are used. When PCA separates the two signals with 84.7% total variance between the principal components, KNN yields 100% prediction accuracy. Thus, the study unveils the potential of RN over $P_{a,b}$-based complex network in classifying the lung sound signals ES and VS and thereby opening the possibility of employing the technique in digital auscultation, a best-suited one for the time of the widespread pandemic coronavirus disease-2019.
Interannual measures of nutritional stress during a marine heatwave (the Blob) differ between two North Pacific seabird species
Authors: Tate Heidi M , Studholme Katharine R , Domalik Alice D , Drever Mark C , Romero L Michael , Gormally Brenna M G , Hobson Keith A , Hipfner J Mark , Crossin Glenn T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract‘The Blob’, a mass of anomalously warm water in the Northeast Pacific Ocean peaking from 2014 to 2016, caused a decrease in primary productivity with cascading effects on the marine ecosystem. Among the more obvious manifestations of the event were seabird breeding failures and mass mortality events. Here, we used corticosterone in breast feathers (fCort), grown in the winter period during migration, as an indicator of nutritional stress to investigate the impact of the Blob on two sentinel Pacific auk species (family Alcidae). Feathers were collected from breeding females over 8 years from 2010 to 2017, encompassing the Blob period. Since Pacific auks replace body feathers at sea during the migratory period, measures of fCort provide an accumulated measure of nutritional stress or allostatic load during this time. Changes in diet were also measured using δ15N and δ13C values from feathers. Relative to years prior to the Blob, the primarily zooplanktivorous Cassin’s auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) had elevated fCort in 2014–2017, which correlated with the occurrence of the Blob and a recovery period afterwards, with relatively stable feather isotope values. In contrast, generalist rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) displayed stable fCort values across years and increased δ15N values during the Blob. As marine heatwaves increase in intensity and frequency due to climate change, this study provides insight into the variable response of Pacific auks to such phenomena and suggests a means for monitoring population-level responses to climatological variation.
Left atrial myxoma resection through right mini-thoracotomy in a patient with retrosternal gastric tube
Authors: Kan-o Meikun , Kimura Satoshi , Shiose Akira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report a case with a retrosternal gastric tube after oesophagectomy, who required left atrial myxoma resection, pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage closure. A right mini-thoracotomy approach was adopted to avoid neo-oesophagus injury, and nitric oxide inhalation was useful to facilitate one-lung ventilation while dissecting the pleural adhesion.
Quorum-sensing molecules increase ethanol yield from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Huang Xing-Feng , Reardon Kenneth F 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
One strategy to increase the yield of desired fermentation products is to redirect substrate carbon from biomass synthesis. Nongenetic approaches to alter metabolism may have advantages of general applicability and simple control. The goal of this study was to identify and evaluate chemicals for their ability to inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae while allowing ethanol production with higher yields. Eight potential growth-inhibitory chemicals were screened for their ability to reduce cell growth in 24-well plates. Effective chemicals were then evaluated in cultivations to identify those that simultaneously reduced biomass yield and increased ethanol yield. The yeast quorum-sensing molecules 2-phenylethanol, tryptophol and tyrosol were found to increase the ethanol yield of S. cerevisiae JAY 270. These molecules were tested with seven other yeast strains and ethanol yields of up to 15% higher were observed. The effects of 2-phenylethanol and tryptophol were also studied in bioreactor fermentations. These findings demonstrate for the first time that the ethanol yield can be improved by adding yeast quorum-sensing molecules to reduce the cell growth of S. cerevisiae, suggesting a strategy to improve the yield of ethanol and other yeast fermentation products by manipulating native biological control systems.
Translating the concept of “cultural identity” in public policies: Between the international and the national, and the tangible and intangible dimension
Authors: Pirri Valentini Anna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A concept such as that of “cultural identity” seems primarily belonging to the historic-artistic domain, but understanding its meaning is also fundamental for legal scholars dealing with cultural heritage policies and administration. This article examines how that notion has been shaped by legislators at different levels, revealing specific meanings depending on whether we are dealing with international conventions or national norms, and with tangible or intangible cultural heritage. The comparison of international conventions and national legislation highlights the clash between different orientations in the cultural heritage sector, namely between nationalists and internationalists. From a regulatory perspective, this clash of interests is reflected in the opposing concepts of “common heritage of mankind” and “national cultural identity,” whose legal implications need to be addressed. These two definitions are examined and challenged in an effort to understand whether they still have a legal meaning or if they have been replaced by a “global” notion of cultural identity. From a more general perspective, through an analysis of three case studies, the article reveals the role played by legal traditions when the same matter is regulated both by national and international legislative interventions enacted in different time periods.
Think globally, act locally.
Judicial amendment and our constitutional lives: A reply to Emmett Macfarlane
Authors: Berger Kate Glover 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This short article responds to Emmett Macfarlane’s important piece, “Judicial Amendment of the Constitution,” with questions about how well his theory of judicial amendment maps, and thereby offers guidance about, the realities of constitutional life. I focus on the application of Macfarlane’s theory to one of the Supreme Court of Canada’s most internationally known opinions, the Quebec Secession Reference. I take this approach not merely to stake out an interpretation of the Court’s decision in the Secession Reference that differs from Macfarlane’s, but rather to better see what Macfarlane’s approach exposes and occludes about lived constitutionalism. To this end, this essay first questions whether the Secession Reference is an instance of judicial amendment, as Macfarlane argues it is. It then considers the implications of this questioning beyond the Reference. I argue that Macfarlane’s theory would benefit from a more robust account of structural interpretation and that a future normative account should grapple with how the concept of judicial amendment helps us understand our constitutional lives.
Lifts of Twisted K3 Surfaces to Characteristic 0
Authors: Bragg Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeligne [9] showed that every K3 surface over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic admits a lift to characteristic 0. We show the same is true for a twisted K3 surface. To do this, we study the versal deformation spaces of twisted K3 surfaces, which are particularly interesting when the characteristic divides the order of the Brauer class. We also give an algebraic construction of certain moduli spaces of twisted K3 surfaces over ${\operatorname {Spec}}\ \textbf {Z}$ and apply our deformation theory to study their geometry. As an application of our results, we show that every derived equivalence between twisted K3 surfaces in positive characteristic is orientation preserving.
After the Medium: Rereading Stories on a String and the War at Canudos
Authors: Lebner Ashley 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMoving from contemporary ethnography to Brazilian poetry from the turn of the twentieth century, this paper extends recent calls to attend more to relationships in religious studies. Scholars have argued that focusing on intimate relations allows us to stay critical while overcoming the impasses produced by opposed approaches, especially those that either privilege materiality or interiority. This paper explores how a focus on relations inspired by the work of Marilyn Strathern, which acknowledges the broad reach of relations—from the interpersonal to the conceptual, nonhuman, and evil—offers more than just a way to unite approaches. I read relations through cordel poetry from northeast Brazil, including verses found in the rubble of Brazil’s most notorious war, Canudos (1897). Engaging critically with studies of popular media that naturalize mediation, materiality, and politics as analytical starting points, I show how focusing on relations can help transform both the terms of our analyses and the politics of our descriptions.
Cefiderocol treatment for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Pascale Renato , Pasquini Zeno , Bartoletti Michele , Caiazzo Luca , Fornaro Giacomo , Bussini Linda , Volpato Francesca , Marchionni Elisa , Rinaldi Matteo , Trapani Filippo , Temperoni Chiara , Gaibani Paolo , Ambretti Simone , Barchiesi Francesco , Viale Pierluigi , Giannella Maddalena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To analyse the impact of cefiderocol use on outcome in patients admitted to the ICU for severe COVID-19 and further diagnosed with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab) infection.

Methods
Retrospective multicentre observational study was performed at four Italian hospitals, from January 2020 to April 2021. Adult patients admitted to ICU for severe COVID-19 and further diagnosed with CR-Ab infections were enrolled. Patients treated with cefiderocol, as compassionate use, for at least 72 h were compared with those receiving alternative regimens. Primary endpoint was all-cause 28 day mortality. The impact of cefiderocol on mortality was evaluated by multivariable Cox regression model.

Results
In total, 107 patients were enrolled (76% male, median age 65 years). The median time from ICU admission to CR-Ab infection diagnosis was 14 (IQR 8–20) days, and the main types of CR-Ab infections were bloodstream infection (58%) and lower respiratory tract infection (41%). Cefiderocol was administered to 42 patients within a median of 2 (IQR 1–4) days after CR-Ab infection diagnosis and as monotherapy in all cases. The remaining patients received colistin, mostly (82%) administered as combination therapy. All-cause 28 day mortality rate was 57%, without differences between groups (cefiderocol 55% versus colistin 58% P = 0.70). In multivariable analysis, the independent risk factor for mortality was SOFA score (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15–1.38, P &lt; 0.001). Cefiderocol was associated with a non-significant lower mortality risk (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.38–1.08, P = 0.10).

Conclusions
Our study confirms the potential role of cefiderocol in the treatment of CR-Ab infection, but larger clinical studies are needed.
The Impact of Hemolysis-Index Thresholds on Plasma and Serum Potassium Measurements
Authors: Yin Tiffany , Herskovits Adrianna Z 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Modern clinical laboratory analyzers measure a hemolysis index (H-index) because test results can be inaccurate when intracellular contents from erythrocytes leak into serum or plasma. In 2020, Roche Diagnostics decreased the H-index from 90/100 to 20 for potassium, recommending that laboratories avoid using specimens with an H-index &gt;20; however, there are a limited number of studies investigating the impact of this recommendation on patient testing.

Methods
Out of 113 916 serum or plasma potassium tests performed within a 6-month interval, 72 patients with potentially hemolyzed potassium specimens (H-index &gt;20) and a second non-hemolyzed specimen (H-index ≤20) within 2 h were identified. The clinical impact of decreasing the H-index and the utility of applying a corrective formula for adjusting potassium results were evaluated.

Results
The majority of initial test results either had small differences between original and corrected results that would not have affected clinical management or H-indices above the threshold previously recommended by Roche. We estimated the second sample was reported an average of 3 h 23 min after the initial sample was collected, with 95% CI [2 h 37 min to 4 h 8 min], and the median time delay was 2 h 44 min.

Conclusions
Our analysis does not show a clear benefit from avoiding the use of potassium specimens above an H-index threshold of 20. Our findings suggest these practices may be detrimental in terms of patient safety due to increased turnaround time for a critical analyte.
Glycated Albumin in Pristine and Non-Pristine Stored Samples in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004
Authors: Daya Natalie R , Rooney Mary R , Tang Olive , Coresh Josef , Christenson Robert H , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Glycated albumin is cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use in diabetes care. To understand its performance in the general US population, we conducted measurements in &gt;19 000 samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Of these samples, 5.7% had previously undergone at least 2 freeze–thaw cycles and were considered “non-pristine.”

Methods
We measured glycated albumin and albumin using the Lucica GA-L (Asahi Kasei) assay in stored serum samples from NHANES 1999–2004. Serum albumin (Roche/Beckman) was previously measured. We examined the correlations of percent glycated albumin with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)and fasting glucose in the pristine and non-pristine samples. We also measured cystatin C (Siemens) and compared these to cystatin C (Dade Behring) previously obtained in a subsample.

Results
Glycated albumin (%) was significantly lower in pristine vs non-pristine samples (13.8% vs 23.4%, P &lt; 0.0001). The results from the Asahi Kasei albumin assay (g/dL) were highly correlated with albumin originally measured in NHANES (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = 0.76) but values were systematically higher (+0.25 g/dL, P &lt; 0.0001). Cystatin C (Siemens) was similar to previous cystatin C measurements (r = 0.98) and did not differ by pristine status (P = 0.119). Glycated albumin (%) was highly correlated with HbA1c and fasting glucose in pristine samples (r = 0.78 and r = 0.71, respectively) but not in non-pristine samples (r = 0.11 and r = 0.12, respectively).

Conclusions
The performance of the glycated albumin assay in the pristine samples was excellent. Performance in non-pristine samples was highly problematic. Analyses of glycated albumin in NHANES 1999–2004 should be limited to pristine samples only. These results have major implications for the use of these public data.
Rethinking Drug Analysis in Health Care: High-Throughput Analysis of 71 Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid Using Ion Mobility--High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bergström Moa Andresen , Lövgren Hanna , Abrahamsson Anna , Eriksson Emma K , Andersson Maria Lindbjer , Komorowska Marta , Axelsson Magnus A B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have identified a clinical need for a sensitive, specific, flexible, comprehensive and affordable analytical technology to efficiently detect polydrug use. In addition, the current standard practice of surveilled urine sampling is uncomfortable for the patient; hence, more patient-friendly sample collection methods are requested. To fill these needs, we have developed and validated a high-throughput liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC--HRMS) method for the analysis of drugs of abuse (DoA) in oral fluid (OF). The method covers a panel of 71 substances including traditional DoA, prescription narcotics and new psychoactive substances (NPS), with a guaranteed limit of identification of &lt;3 µg/L for 87% of the analytes. Method validation showed high accuracy (&gt;99.7%), sensitivity (&gt;99.7%) and specificity (100%). Most analytes had a high process efficiency during the salting-out liquid–liquid extraction sample preparation and no or only a minor matrix effect during the analysis. We have implemented this method in clinical routine and present data from 18,579 OF samples collected during routine patient treatment in mainly psychiatric and addiction clinics in West Sweden between September 2020 and June 2021. Seventy-one percent of the samples were positive and a total of 41,472 DoA findings were detected. Amphetamine (27%), buprenorphine (25%), nordiazepam (18%) and alprazolam (16%) were most prevalent. New psychoactive substances were detected in 189 samples (1.0%). The occurrence of polydrug use was common; 34% of the positive samples contained three analytes or more and 12% six or more. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method for comprehensive analysis of DoA in OF using LC--HRMS and the largest dataset published on the detection of DoA in OF. With the current complex and variable drug use pattern, this broad, cost-effective and reliable method has largely replaced immunoassay screening in urine in our laboratory.
A Nonlethal Full-Thickness Flame Burn Produces a Seroma Beneath the Forming Eschar, Thereby Promoting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis in Mice
Authors: Brammer Jerod , Wolf Gideon , Baliban Scott M , Allen Jessica C , Choi Myeongjin , Kambouris Adrienne R , Simon Raphael , Fiskum Gary , Chao Wei , Lopez Kerri , Miller Catriona , Singh Nevil J , Cross Alan S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates ~180,000 deaths occur annually from burn-related injuries. Many victims who survive the initial burn trauma succumb to bacterial infections that lead to sepsis during treatment. Although advancements in burn care continue to improve in high-income countries due to their burn centers and advanced research, low and middle-income countries continue to see high frequencies of burn injuries and burn-related deaths due to secondary infections. Bacterial-derived sepsis is the most life-threatening danger for people that survive burn injuries. Here we provide evidence for the first time that a subeschar seroma forms postburn even in the absence of infection in mice. The seroma fills with a volume estimated at 500 µL of fluid, 25% of the blood supply, free of red blood cells. The seroma fluid supports robust Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) growth and contains inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which recruit immature neutrophils and monocytes to the seroma in the absence of endothelial breakdown. These immune cells fail to contain PA expansion and dissemination. This recruitment of monocytes and immature neutrophils may result in sequestering these critical immune cells away from other tissues during a pivotal time during bacterial dissemination, promoting PA-mediated sepsis.