bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Reconfigurable Organic Photonic Integrated Circuits Made from Two Electronically Different Flexible Microcrystals
Authors: Ravi Jada , Annadhasan Mari , Kumar Avulu Vinod , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFabrication of microscale organic photonic integrated circuits (μ‐OPIC) from two electronically different flexible crystals via a mechanophotonics approach is demonstrated here. The experiments focus on the mechanical micromanipulation of orange‐emitting (E)‐1‐(4‐(dimethylamino)‐phenyl)iminomethyl‐2‐hydroxyl‐naphthalene (DPIN) and green‐emitting (E)‐1‐(4‐bromo)iminomethyl‐2‐hydroxyl‐naphthalene (BPIN) crystals with atomic force cantilever tip. The flexibility of these crystals originate from molecular H‐bonding, CH∙∙∙π, and π···π stacking interactions. These mechanically compliant crystals form exceedingly bent and photonically relevant reconfigurable geometries during micromanipulation, including three μ‐OPICs. Remarkably, these μ‐OPICs operate through passive‐, active‐waveguiding and energy transfer mechanisms. Depending upon the crystal's electronic nature (either BPIN or DPIN) receiving the optical signal input, the circuit executes mechanism‐selective and direction‐specific optical outputs. The presented proof‐of‐principle concepts can be used to fabricate complex photonic circuits with diverse, flexible crystals performing multiple optical functions.
An Artificial Peripheral Neural System Based on Highly Stretchable and Integrated Multifunctional Sensors
Authors: Liao Xinqin , Song Weitao , Zhang Xiangyu , Jin Haoran , Liu Siyu , Wang Yongtian , Thean Aaron Voon‐Yew , Zheng Yuanjin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProstheses and robots have been affecting all aspects of life. Making them conscious and intelligent like humans is appealing and exciting, while there is a huge contrast between progress and strong demand. An alternative strategy is to develop an artificial peripheral neural system with high‐performance bionic receptors. Here, a novel functional composite material that can serve as a key ingredient to simultaneously construct different artificial exteroceptive sensors (AE sensors) and artificial proprioceptive sensors (AP sensors) is demonstrated. Both AP sensors and AE sensors demonstrate outstandingly high stretchability; up to 200% stretching strain and possess the superior performance of fast response and high stability. An artificial peripheral neural system integrated with the highly stretchable AP sensor and AE sensor is constructed, which makes a significant breakthrough in the perception foundation of efficient proprioception and exteroception for intelligent prostheses and soft robots. Accurate feedback on the activities of body parts, music control, game manipulation, and wireless typing manifest the enormous superiority of the spatiotemporal resolution function of the artificial peripheral neural system, all of which powerfully contribute to promoting intelligent prostheses and soft robots into sophistication, and are expected to make lives more fascinating.
Achieving Desirable Initial Coulombic Efficiencies and Full Capacity Utilization of Li‐Ion Batteries by Chemical Prelithiation of Graphite Anode
Authors: Shen Yifei , Shen Xiaohui , Yang Mei , Qian Jiangfeng , Cao Yuliang , Yang Hanxi , Luo Yang , Ai Xinping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChemical prelithiation is an effective approach to elevate the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and energy utilization of Li‐ion battery electrodes. However, this approach fails to operate for the most commonly used graphite (Gr) anode, because all the prelithiation reagents reported so far have a much higher redox potential than Gr (≈0.2 V). Based on ionic solvation and coordination chemistry, for the first time, a new design strategy is proposed for prelithiation solution by selecting a strong electron‐donating, sterically hindered, and chemically stable solvent to tune the redox potential of prelithiation reagent and also to prevent the solvent co‐intercalation during prelithiation process, thus enabling a successful prelithiation of Gr anodes. By theoretical prediction and experimental evaluation, a chemical prelithiation solution, lithium biphenylide/2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran, is successfully developed, which can prelithiate Gr anodes accurately to a desired state in few minutes without destroying the lattice structure of Gr. When the prelithiated Gr anodes (pGr) are paired with the conventional cathodes, the full cells demonstrate significantly improved ICEs and higher energy densities than their counterparts using pristine Gr anodes, showing a great prospect for wide Li‐ion battery applications.
Rational Electronic and Structural Designs Advance BiCuSeO Thermoelectrics
Authors: Gu Yan , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Pan Lin , Liu Wei‐Di , Sun Qiang , Tang Xiao , Kou Liang‐Zhi , Liu Qing‐Feng , Wang Yi‐Feng , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, a record high thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit ZT of 1.6 ± 0.2 at 873 K in p‐type polycrystalline Bi0.94Pb0.06CuSe1.01O0.99 by a synergy of rational band manipulation and novel nanostructural design is reported. First‐principles density functional theory calculation results indicate that the density of state at the Fermi level that crosses the valence band can be significantly reduced and the measured optical bandgap can be enlarged from 0.70 to 0.74 eV by simply replacing 1% O with 1% Se, both indicating a potentially reduced carrier concentration and in turn, an improved carrier mobility and a boosted power factor up to 9.0 µW cm−1 K−2. Meanwhile, comprehensive characterizations reveal that under Se‐rich condition, Cu2Se secondary microphases and significant lattice distortions triggered by Pb‐doping and Se‐substitution can be simultaneously achieved, contributing to a reduced lattice thermal conductivity of 0.4 W m−1 K−1. Furthermore, a unique shear exfoliation technique enables an effective grain refinement with higher anisotropy of the polycrystalline pellet, leading to a further improved power factor up to 10.9 µW cm−1 K−2 and a further reduced lattice thermal conductivity of 0.30 W m−1 K−1, which gives rise to record high ZT.
Interlamellar Lithium‐Ion Conductor Reformed Interface for High Performance Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Nan Yang , Li Songmei , Han Chao , Yan Huibo , Ma Yuxuan , Liu Jianhua , Yang Shubin , Li Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLithium metal anodes are promising for application in new‐type secondary batteries. Unfortunately, low cycle life and safety peril induced by uncontrollable dendrites growth and weak solid electrolyte interface (SEI) have blocked their utilization. In this work, an interlamellar lithium‐ion conductor of lithium‐montmorillonite (Li‐MMT) is applied to enhance the SEI properties, inhibit dendrites‐germination, and thus significantly enhance electrochemical performance. Such a well‐designed Li‐MMT SEI not only possesses inherent fast lithium‐ion channels, but also works as a reservoir to supply adequate lithium‐ions in the interlaminations and periphery of Li‐MMT nanosheets, offering fast lithium‐ion transfer in interlaminations and sheet‐to‐sheet. Furthermore, the strong trend of lithium‐ion absorption of Li‐MMT is confirmed by density functional theory calculations and stable lithium deposition under Li‐MMT SEI layer at 10 mA cm−2is verified via finite element modeling. As a result, a steady lithium deposition process without dendrites is achieved. Coulombic efficiency of the half‐cell accomplishes a mean value of 99.1% over 400 cycles at 1 mA cm−2, while Li‐LiFePO4full cells show a stable capacity up to 120 mAh g−1and steady circulation over 400 loops at 1C. This work offers a novel strategy to design a high‐performance SEI layer and suppress dendrite growth.
All‐Scale Hierarchical Structure Contributing to Ultralow Thermal Conductivity of Zintl Phase CaAg0.2Zn0.4Sb
Authors: Chen Jie , Xue Wenhua , Chen Chen , Li Hongxing , Cai Canying , Zhang Qian , Wang Yumei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTiNiSi‐type Zintl phase CaAgSb can transform into LiGaGe‐type Zintl phase CaAgxZn(1−x)/2Sb when some of the Ag atoms are substituted by Zn atoms, leading to an ultralow thermal conductivity of ≈0.4 W m−1 K−1 in the whole measured temperature range of CaAg0.2Zn0.4Sb. The microstructure is then investigated by spherical aberration‐corrected electron microscopy on an atomic scale, which reveals an all‐scale hierarchical structure that can scatter the phonons in a wide frequency range. There exist a large quantity of CaAgSb nanometer precipitates as well as quite a lot of edge dislocations close to these nanometer precipitates, thus releasing the stress caused by the mismatch between the precipitates and the parent phase. Many twin boundaries also exist around the CaAgSb precipitates. High‐density point defects contain the randomly dispersed Ag vacancies and Zn atoms substituted for the Ag atoms. All these widely distributed multidimensional defects contribute to the decrease of lattice thermal conductivity in a wide temperature range.
Effects of social support on mental health for critical care nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Japan: A web‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tatsuno Junko , Unoki Takeshi , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Hamamoto Miya 
Published: April 2021

AimThe aim of this study was to examine whether high social support has a protective effect on mental health for critical care nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThis cross‐sectional anonymous web‐based survey was conducted from November 5 to December 5, 2020, in Japan and included critical care nurses. The invitation was distributed via mailing lists.ResultsOf the 334 responses that were obtained, 64.4% were from female respondents, and their mean age was 37.4. Of the total, 269 (80.5%) were taking care of COVID‐19 patients at the time the study was conducted. Participants with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were found to be older (P < 0.05), and those with an education level of a 4‐year college degree or higher had fewer PTSD symptoms (P < 0.05). Those experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms had lower social support scores. Having a 4‐year college degree and higher (odds ratio [OR] 0.622, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.99) was significantly associated with a lower probability of PTSD. Social support scores and the female sex were not associated with PTSD. Regarding anxiety symptoms, being female and having lower social support were independently associated with a higher probability. Regarding depression symptoms, lower social support was independently associated with a higher probability (OR 0.953, 95% CI 0.93–0.97).ConclusionIt was found that social support was not associated with PTSD; however, it was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms for intensive care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Material‐mediated cell immobilization technology in the biological fermentation proces
Authors: Gao Hao , Lu Jiasheng , Jiang Yujia , Fang Yan , Tang Yunhan , Yu Ziyi , Zhang Wenming , Xin Fengxue , Jiang Min 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCell immobilization technology has shown much potential in the field of biological fermentation owing to its simple operation, maintenance of long‐term cell viability, repeatability, good stability, and high tolerance. Compared with free‐cell fermentation, immobilized cells show strong growth and metabolism performance in complex environments, such as environments with low pH, or with high concentrations of substrate and product. The metabolic properties of immobilized cells mainly depend on the carrier materials. In recent years, polymer membrane materials have attracted much attention because of their good mechanical properties and flexible support structure. In addition to improving the activity and stability of immobilized cells, biocompatibility modification can also be carried out on the surface of the carrier, which can reduce specific non‐biological interactions between the cells and the carrier. In this review, current advances in cell immobilization using different materials in the field of biological fermentation are reviewed. Perspectives on immobilized cells and the challenges associated with them in the field of biological fermentation are also addressed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Integrating sustainability and resilience in the supply chain: A systematic literature review and a research agenda
Authors: Negri Marta , Cagno Enrico , Colicchia Claudia , Sarkis Joseph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSustainability has emerged as an important industrial strategic outlook expanding beyond organizational boundaries to include the supply chain. Simultaneously, the industry has also been faced with supply chain resilience concerns. Research on the intersection of supply chain sustainability and resilience is nascent and is a consequence of their observed mutual influences. However, confusion about concepts, implementation methods, and measurements of sustainable and resilient supply chains remains. This study completes a systematic literature review that critically examines several major observations and directions. We find the concept of sustainable supply chains is more established, and general agreement on its theoretical foundations exists. Supply chain resilience is relatively less mature. The nexus and relationships between the two topics are often incoherent: there is confusion on sustainable and resilient supply chains establishment; there is no clarity on what practices could jointly advance both areas. A major conflict exists since sustainability generally focuses on efficiency, while resilience seeks effectiveness. We recommend studies to analyze implementation relationships and impact. We also observe that performance measurement systems should be developed to assess supply chain sustainability and resilience performance taking with explicit consideration time horizons considered in these measures.
Industry 4.0 technologies in the manufacturing sector: Are we sure they are all relevant for environmental performance?
Authors: Chiarini Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research contributes to the debate about the relevance of Industry 4.0 technologies in improving environmental performance in the manufacturing industry. We employed a qualitative–quantitative approach in which 19 Italian operations managers were interviewed and 260 managers responded to an online questionnaire. The effects of various technologies were ranked using ordinal regression. Comments and suggestions gave context to the quantitative results. Sensors, radio‐frequency identification, artificial intelligence and analytics were found to be most relevant in improving environmental performance, whereas simulation software contributed moderately. Additive manufacturing, cobots, robots, automated mobile robots and automated guided vehicles had a negative effect, augmented reality had no effect and other technologies indirectly affected environmental performance. We also found a lack of knowledge and application as well as scepticism about technologies such as artificial intelligence and augmented reality. Finally, there was concern about the disposal of electrical and electronic waste produced by these technologies.
A fog computing data reduce level to enhance the cloud of things performance
Authors: Moulahi Tarek , El Khediri Salim , Ullah Khan Rehan , Zidi Salah 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDevices in the Internet of Things (IoT) generate and gather a vast amount of data. Smart devices with constrained resources cannot execute large data‐based machine learning (ML) algorithms. Therefore, in this paper, we propose, analyze, and evaluate data reduction at the Fog level. As a matter of fact, the focus of this paper is twofold: The first objective is to process the reduced datasets by ML, and the second aim is to segregate the irrelevant data and preserve the quality of the ML models. The naïve Bayesian classifier is used for model analysis. For data (attributes) reduction, the state‐of‐the‐art approaches of CF Subset Evaluation, Info Gain Evaluation, Gain Ratio Attribute Evaluation, and the principal component analysis (PCA) approaches are employed. From the implementation point of view, the naïve Bayesian classifier is used to learn the class distribution and the correlation of the classes with the rest of the features. The naïve Bayesian model is generated using the full dataset without feature reduction. Feature selection algorithms then reduce features by 50%. This reduced set is also used to generate the naïve Bayesian model, which gives us a benchmark for comparing the results with the original unreduced dataset. From the results, we find that the performance of the reduced set is either increased or is almost similar to the full set of features. With this comprehensive experimental evaluation, we believe that data reduction can provide a blueprint for avoiding unnecessary data storage and processing. The performance of the ML models is not drastically affected by feature reduction and hence demonstrates the efficacy of the reduced ML models.
Association of anaemia and all‐cause mortality in patients with ischaemic heart failure varies by renal function status
Authors: Cai Anping , Wu Zejia , Xu Lan , Xia Shuang , He Xuyu , Zhang Ying , Chen Jiyan , Zhou Yingling , Li Liwen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThe aims of the current study were to evaluate the association between anaemia and all‐cause mortality according to chronic kidney disease (CKD) status and to explore at what level of haemoglobin concentration would the all‐cause mortality risk increase prominently among CKD and non‐CKD patients, respectively.Methods and resultsThis is a prospective cohort study, and 1559 patients with ischaemic heart failure (IHF) were included (mean age of 63.5 ± 11.0 years, 85.8% men) from December 2015 to June 2019. Patients were divided into the CKD (n = 481) and non‐CKD (n = 1078) groups based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In the CKD group, the incidence rate of all‐cause mortality in anaemic and non‐anaemic patients was 15.4 per 100 person‐years and 10.8 per 100 person‐years, respectively, with an incidence rate ratio of 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–2.02; P‐value = 0.05). In the non‐CKD group, the incidence rate of all‐cause mortality in anaemic and non‐anaemic patients was 9.8 per 100 person‐years and 5.5 per 100 person‐years, respectively, with an incidence rate ratio of 1.78 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.59; P‐value = 0.005). After a median follow‐up of 2.1 years, the cumulative incidence rate of all‐cause mortality in anaemic and non‐anaemic patients was 41.5% and 44.1% (P‐value = 0.05) in the CKD group, and 30.9% and 18.1% (P‐value < 0.0001) in the non‐CKD group. In the CKD group, cumulative incidence rate of all‐cause mortality increased prominently when haemoglobin concentration was below 100 g/L, which was not observed in the non‐CKD group.ConclusionsResults of the current study indicated that among IHF patients, the association between anaemia and all‐cause mortality differed by the renal function status. These findings underline the importance to assess mortality risk and manage anaemia among IHF patients according to the renal function status.
UNC93B1 curbs cytosolic DNA signaling by promoting STING degradation
Authors: He Zhenliang , Ye Sichao , Xing Yifan , Jiu Yaming , Zhong Jin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUNC93B1 is a trafficking chaperone of endosomal Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and plays an essential role in the TLR‐mediated innate signaling. However, whether it is also involved in other innate immune sensing or cellular pathways remains largely unexplored. Here we investigated the role of UNC93B1 in cytosolic DNA‐triggered cGAS‐STING signaling in mouse and human cell lines. We showed that while UNC93B1 deficiency blunts the signal transduction by TLR3, it augments innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA stimulation and DNA virus infection. Mechanistic study reveals a distinct action of UNC93B1 upon STING, but not other parts along the cGAS‐STING‐TBK1 axis, through regulating the protein level of STING at both resting and cytosolic DNA‐stimulated conditions. UNC93B1 can directly interact and traffic along with STING, and the disruption of this interaction causes accumulation of STING that subsequently leads to augmented signaling responses upon its activation. These findings reveal a new function of UNC93B1 in negatively regulating STING‐mediated signaling responses.
T‐cell memory in tissues
Authors: van Gisbergen Klaas P. J. M. , Zens Kyra D. , Münz Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmunological memory equips our immune system to respond faster and more effectively against reinfections. This acquired immunity was originally attributed to long‐lived, memory T and B cells with body wide access to peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissues. In recent years, it has been realized that both innate and adaptive immunity to a large degree depends on resident immune cells that act locally in barrier tissues including tissue‐resident memory T cells (Trm). Here, we will discuss the phenotype of these Trm in mice and humans, the tissues and niches that support them, and their function, plasticity, and transcriptional control. Their unique properties enable Trm to achieve long‐lived immunological memory that can be deposited in nearly every organ in response to acute and persistent infection, and in response to cancer. However, Trm may also induce substantial immunopathology in allergic and autoimmune disease if their actions remain unchecked. Therefore, inhibitory and activating stimuli appear to balance the actions of Trm to ensure rapid proinflammatory responses upon infection and to prevent damage to host tissues under steady state conditions.
Phenotypic integration in the carnivoran backbone and the evolution of functional differentiation in metameric structures
Authors: Martín-Serra Alberto , Pérez-Ramos Alejandro , Pastor Francisco J. , Velasco David , Figueirido Borja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExplaining the origin and evolution of a vertebral column with anatomically distinct regions that characterizes the tetrapod body plan provides understanding of how metameric structures become repeated and how they acquire the ability to perform different functions. However, despite many decades of inquiry, the advantages and costs of vertebral column regionalization in anatomically distinct blocks, their functional specialization, and how they channel new evolutionary outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we investigate morphological integration (and how this integration is structured [modularity]) between all the presacral vertebrae of mammalian carnivorans to provide a better understanding of how regionalization in metameric structures evolves. Our results demonstrate that the subunits of the presacral column are highly integrated. However, underlying to this general pattern, three sets of vertebrae are recognized as presacral modules—the cervical module, the anterodorsal module, and the posterodorsal module—as well as one weakly integrated vertebra (diaphragmatic) that forms a transition between both dorsal modules. We hypothesize that the strength of integration organizing the axial system into modules may be associated with motion capability. The highly integrated anterior dorsal module coincides with a region with motion constraints to avoid compromising ventilation, whereas for the posterior dorsal region motion constraints avoid exceeding extension of the posterior back. On the other hand, the weakly integrated diaphragmatic vertebra belongs to the “Diaphragmatic joint complex”—a key region of the mammalian column of exceedingly permissive motion. Our results also demonstrate that these modules do not match with the traditional morphological regions, and we propose natural selection as the main factor shaping this pattern to stabilize some regions and to allow coordinate movements in others.