bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic MXene/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Silicone Resin Composites with Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Huang Jia‐jing , Wang Ting , Su Yu‐miao , Ding Yu‐lin , Tu Chao‐yang , Li Wen‐mu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExploring a method to fabricate robust and stable 3D conductive networks in polymers matrix is still the challenge in the research and development of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Here, a feasible approach is provided to produce high‐performance, silicone‐doped MXene EMI shielding composites. The trace amount of hydroxyethyl cellulose is deliberately applied as gels to construct the MXene aerogels with a stable and highly conductive network by the freeze‐drying method. For more desirable mechanical and waterproof properties, the silicone resin is introduced into the MXene aerogels on purpose. The best silicone‐doped MXene EMI shielding composites display a superior electrical conductivity of 3166.4 S m−1, and EMI shield effectiveness of 74.5 dB at the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz). It is worth noting that the introduction of silicone resins sharply improves the hydrophobicity of EMI shielding materials to a range of water contact angle of about 151.5°–155.0°. This is a promising method to make MXene‐based EMI shielding composites with self‐cleaning function.
Enhanced Electrochemical Stability by Alkyldiammonium in Dion–Jacobson Perovskite toward Ultrastable Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ngai Kwan Ho , Wei Qi , Chen Zefeng , Guo Xinlu , Qin Minchao , Xie Fangyan , Chan Christopher Chang Sing , Xing Guichuan , Lu Xinhu , Chen Jian , Wong Kam Sing , Xu Jianbin , Long Mingzhu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe electroluminescence efficiency of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has gained notable achievements, but the poor stability under electric stress severely impedes future practical use. Here, an alkyldiammonium 1,4‐butanediamine (BDA) is incorporated into perovskite emitting layer, which substantially optimizes electrochemical stability and minimizes interfacial deep traps under large external bias. The BDA‐PeLED shows a record operational half‐lifetime T50 of 189.4 h at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 and 681 h under 50 mA cm−2. Additionally, the device maintains its original performance upon 2500 cycles of voltage scan and withstands 10 000 times of ON–OFF under a pulsed voltage of 2.5 V. Further degradation mechanism study reveals that the main origins of the instability property of PeLEDs without BDA are the generation of deep traps at the interfaces and the infiltration of anions into adjacent layers under long‐term electric stress. The significantly enhanced electrochemical stability suggests that alkyldiammonium cation incorporation can provide a direction to solve the instability issue of PeLEDs.
Endowing Phosphor Materials with Long‐Afterglow Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence via Ball Milling
Authors: Hao Wenchao , Li Yuangang , Liu Minghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials have emerged as new advanced optical and photonic materials. While many efforts have been devoted to the organic CPL materials, it still remains a challenge to fabricate CPL active inorganic materials due to the difficulty in the introduction of the chiral units. Here, a simple approach for achieving CPL active inorganic persistent phosphor materials is reported. By modifying the inorganic persistent phosphor materials with enantiomeric cysteine via ball milling, the inorganic circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) materials with long afterglow characteristics are fabricated. Moreover, the circular polarization of the obtained phosphorescent materials can be controlled by the molecular chirality of the cysteine. The dissymmetry factor (glum) of the CPP materials can be up to 10−2. It is envisaged that this approach will afford a new insight into the designing of the inorganic functional chiral phosphorescent materials.
Operation Principles of ZnO/Al2O3‐AlDMP/ZnO Stacked‐Channel Ternary Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: Kim So‐Young , Kim Kiyung , Kim A. Reum , Lee Ho‐In , Lee Yongsu , Kim Seung‐Mo , Yu Sung Ho , Lee Hae‐Won , Hwang Hyeon Jun , Sung Myung Mo , Lee Byoung Hun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor many decades, novel devices demonstrating step‐wise current–voltage characteristic at room temperature have been pursued to realize multi‐valued logic computing that has significant advantages such as extremely low power consumption and high‐density information‐processing capability. Recently, a novel ternary logic transistor has been constructed using an ultrathin ZnO/Al2O3‐AlDMP/ZnO channel exhibiting a mobility edge‐quantized conduction for the intermediate current level. This study investigates the operation principle of the ternary device using ZnO/Al2O3‐AlDMP/ZnO stack and concludes that the first ZnO layer controls the level of the intermediate current, while the second ZnO layer controls the threshold voltage of the ternary device. These controllable electrical properties of the intermediate state of the ternary device have been applied to an n‐type resistive‐load standard ternary inverter, demonstrating the feasibility to achieve a ternary logic circuit consuming extremely low power with an optimal noise margin.
Cardiac abnormalities in girls with Turner syndrome: ECG abnormalities, myocardial strain imaging, and karyotype–phenotype associations
Authors: Noordman Iris D. , Fejzic Zina , Bos Melanie , Duijnhouwer Anthonie L. , Weijers Gert , Kempers Marlies , Merkx Remy , van der Velden Janiëlle A. E. M. , Kapusta Livia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTurner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal condition which is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiac morbidity and mortality. In this cross‐sectional study, Minnesota‐based electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, aortic dimensions, routine‐ and myocardial strain echocardiographic parameters, and karyotype‐cardiac phenotype associations were assessed in girls with TS. In total, 101 girls with TS (0–18 years) were included. The prevalence of major ECG abnormalities was 2% (T‐wave abnormalities) and 39% had minor ECG abnormalities. Dilatation of the ascending aorta (z‐score > 2) was present in 16%, but the prevalence was much lower when using TS‐specific z‐scores. No left ventricular hypertrophy was detected and the age‐matched global longitudinal strain was reduced in only 6% of the patients. Cardiac abnormalities seemed more common in patients with a non‐mosaic 45,X karyotype compared with other karyotypes, although no statistically significant association was found. Lowering the frequency of echocardiography and ECG screening might be considered in girls with TS without cardiovascular malformations and/or risk factors for aortic dissection. Nevertheless, a large prospective study is needed to confirm our results. The appropriate z‐score for the assessment of aortic dilatation remains an important knowledge gap. The karyotype was not significantly associated with the presence of cardiac abnormalities, therefore cardiac screening should not depend on karyotype alone.
Y‐chromosome variability and genetic history of Commons from Northern Italy
Authors: Sarno Stefania , Boscolo Agostini Rajiv , De Fanti Sara , Ferri Gianmarco , Ghirotto Silvia , Modenini Giorgia , Pettener Davide , Boattini Alessio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesGenetic drift and admixture are driving forces in human evolution, but their concerted impact to population evolution in historical times and at a micro‐geographic scale is poorly assessed. In this study we test a demographic model encompassing both admixture and drift to the case of social‐cultural isolates such as the so‐called “Commons.”Materials and methodsCommons are peculiar institutions of medieval origins whose key feature is the tight relationship between population and territory, mediated by the collective property of shared resources. Here, we analyze the Y‐chromosomal genetic structure of four Commons (for a total of 366 samples) from the Central and Eastern Padana plain in Northern Italy.ResultsOur results reveal that all these groups exhibit patterns of significant diversity reduction, peripheral/outlier position within the Italian/European genetic space and high frequency of Common‐specific haplogroups. By explicitly testing different drift‐admixture models, we show that a drift‐only model is more probable for Central Padana Commons, while additional admixture (~20%) from external population around the same time of their foundation cannot be excluded for the Eastern ones.DiscussionBuilding on these results, we suggest central Middle Ages as the most probable age of foundation for three of the considered Commons, the remaining one pointing to late antiquity. We conclude that an admixture‐drift model is particularly useful for interpreting the genetic structure and recent demographic history of small‐scale populations in which social‐cultural features play a significant role.
Enhanced adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid using functionalized imidazolium iodide ionic liquid‐based poly (glycidyl methacrylate)
Authors: Shahabi Nejad Mohaddeseh , Soltani Nejad Hossein , Arabnejad Saeid , Sheibani Hassan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are among the emerging pollutants of public health and the environment due to environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. Removal of PFAS under mild conditions is a challenge. Therefore, employment of organic functionality immobilized on polymeric sorbents has driven significant attention. Herein, new imidazolium‐based ionic liquid (IIL) covalently grafted on poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) support was synthesized successfully and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid‐based PGMA was applied in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal from an aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature, pH, and counter anions investigated on the extent of adsorption has been investigated. The concentration of PFOA solutions was measured by ethyl violet active substances assay, and equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms. The experimental results have been fitted to Langmuir model at ambient temperature and the maximum monolayer coverage capacity (qm) was found to be 769.23 mg/g. Also the thermodynamic parameters were obtained, and observed that the adsorption of PFOA onto imidazolium iodide‐PGMA was an endothermic and spontaneous process at the temperatures under investigation.
The application of solid biofuels as a source of process energy in Mexico: case studies using agave and coffee waste
Authors: Duran García María D. , Weber Bernd , Jiménez García Juan , González‐Mora Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the use of solid biofuels (SBF) in combustion systems to generate industrial heat has become more common as they are renewable, potentially carbon neutral, and able to support an energy transition away from fossil fuels. However, despite the ready availability of waste biomass in Mexico and its suitability for incineration, the development of SBFs as a fuel source had lagged behind other countries. Promoting the use of SBF requires technical, sustainability, and economic feasibility studies to identify optimization opportunities for known systems. This article presents two technical, economic, and environmental feasibility studies of the use of SBF for process heat. Carbon dioxide emissions and economic feasibility were compared to fossil fuels to ascertain whether SBFs could be useful as a transition fuel in the medium term. Finally, some circumstances where the implementation of SBF in an industrial process could be feasible were identified. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Reactions of 4‐Nitrophenyl 5‐substituted Furan‐2‐carboxylates with R2NH/R2NH2+ in 20 mol% DMSO(aq): Effect of Aryl Group on the Acyl‐Transfer Reaction
Authors: Pyun Sang Yong , Paik Kyu Cheol , Han Man So , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: May 2021

Reactions of 4‐nitrophenyl 2‐furoates (1a–e) with R2NH/R2NH2+ in 20 mol% DMSO(aq) have been studied. The reactions produced aminolysis products and exhibited second‐order kinetics. The Brönsted plots were linear with βnuc values of 0.75–0.89, which remained nearly the same for all 5‐furyl substituents. The rate data showed excellent correlations on the Yukawa‐Tsuno plots with ρ(x) = 0.72–1.1, and r = 0.55–0.95, respectively. The ρ value increased and r value decreased with a stronger nucleophile, indicating an increase in the electron density at the CO bond and a decrease in the resonance contribution. The results have been interpreted with the addition–elimination mechanism in which the second step is the rds. By comparing with the data for ArC(O)OC6H4‐4‐NO2 (Ar = Ph, thienyl), the effect of the aryl group on the acyl transfer reaction was assessed.
A Comparison of Bayesian Inference Strategies for Parameterisation of Large Amplitude AC Voltammetry Derived from Total Current and Fourier Transformed Versions
Authors: Gundry Luke , Kennedy Gareth , Keith Jonathan , Robinson Martin , Gavaghan David , Bond Alan M. , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUse of carefully designed computer supported parameterisation methods in voltammetric studies can provide highly robust and accurate methods for simultaneously quantifying the large number of parameters present in complex electrochemical reactions. In this study, a computer program has been developed to parameterise large amplitude AC voltammetric data using mathematical optimisation in combination with Bayesian inference algorithms for calculating posterior distributions of parameters and hence uncertainties in parameter values. The computer program has been applied to objective functions, relevant to total AC current, frequency domain data in the form of the power spectrum derived from Fourier transformation and multivariate based methods using the resolved harmonic data. The robustness of the objective functions have been confirmed and Bayesian inference methods have been validated using “noisy” synthetic and experimental data for the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− reduction process in aqueous 3.0 M KCl electrolyte at a gold electrode. It was found that the harmonic based Bayesian inference methods outperformed other methods in parameterisation of the thermodynamics and electrode kinetics of the close to reversible [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− process due to their ability to compensate for non‐ideality in the modelling and the superior parameter sensitivities available in the higher harmonics. The computer supported and heuristic methods were compared. Their advantages and limitations are discussed.
Merging N‐Hydroxyphthalimide into Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient and Environmentally Benign Aerobic Oxidation
Authors: Wang Man , Liang Gan , Wang Yunhao , Fan Tao , Yuan Baoling , Liu Mingxian , Yin Ying , Li Liangchun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo highly efficient metal‐organic framework catalysts TJU‐68‐NHPI and TJU‐68‐NDHPI have been successfully synthesized through solvothermal reactions of which the frameworks are merged with N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) units, resulting in the decoration of pore surfaces with highly active nitroxyl catalytic sites. When t‐butyl nitrite (TBN) is used as co‐catalyst, the as‐synthesized MOFs are demonstrated to be highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for a novel three‐phase heterogeneous oxidation of activated C−H bond of primary and secondary alcohols, and benzyl compounds under mild conditions. Based on the high efficiency and selectivity, an environmentally benign system with good sustainability, mild conditions, simple work‐up procedure has been established for practical oxidation of a wide range of substrates.
Hypermonones A—I, New Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum monogynum with Multidrug Resistance Reversal Activity
Authors: Zeng Yan‐Rong , Li Ya‐Nan , Yang Jue , Yi Ping , Huang Lei , Huang Lie‐Jun , Gu Wei , Hu Zhan‐Xing , Li Yan‐Mei , Yuan Chun‐Mao , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionEleven biogenetically related polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), including four novel skeletons (1—4) and five new compounds (5—9), were isolated from the flowers of Hypericum monogynum. Hypermonones A—D (1—4) represented the first example of a unique dilactone structure containing carbonyl bonded single δ‐lactone and tricyclic γ‐lactone moieties. Their structures were elucidated by NMR analysis, X‐ray crystallography, and ECD calculations. Moreover, we revised the structure of hyperibrin B to hypermonone I (9) via NMR analysis, a quantum computational chemistry method, and hypothetic biosynthetic considerations. Three compounds (5, 6, and 9) with significant MDR reversal activity (RF ranging from 61 to 223) were superior to the positive control verapamil (MCF‐7/ADR, RF: 53; HepG2/ADR, RF: 124). Mechanism study for compound 5 indicated that this compound could inhibit the function of P‐gp transport rather than its expression, and the possible recognition mechanism between compound 5 and P‐gp was predicted by molecular docking.
MYC amplifications are common events in childhood osteosarcoma
Authors: De Noon Solange , Ijaz Jannat , Coorens Tim HH , Amary Fernanda , Ye Hongtao , Strobl Anna , Lyskjær Iben , Flanagan Adrienne M , Behjati Sam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant tumour of bone, affects both children and adults. No fundamental biological differences between paediatric and adult osteosarcoma are known. Here, we apply multi‐region whole‐genome sequencing to an index case of a 4‐year‐old child whose aggressive tumour harboured high‐level, focal amplifications of MYC and CCNE1 connected by translocations. We reanalysed copy number readouts of 258 cases of high‐grade osteosarcoma from three different cohorts and identified a significant enrichment of focal MYC, but not CCNE1, amplifications in children. Furthermore, we identified four additional cases of MYC and CCNE1 coamplification, highlighting a rare driver event which warrants further investigation. Our findings indicate that amplification of the MYC oncogene is a major driver of childhood osteosarcoma, while CCNE1 appears recurrently amplified independent of age.
The Historical Dyestuff Collection at the Technical University Dresden: A Cultural–Historical Treasure and a Rich Source of Light‐Absorbing Materials with Great Prospects for Current and Future Research
Authors: Hartmann Horst 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Historical Dyestuff Collection at the Technical University Dresden houses a large collection of colorants, such as more than 20 000 synthetic organic dyes, more than 500 natural organic dyes and a comprehensive collection of inorganic natural and synthetic pigments, as well as more than 3 000 shade cards and a variety of other objects related to dyestuff chemistry. Moreover, all theses performed at the Institute of Color and Textile Chemistry, the home of the Dyestuff Collection, together with all substance probes prepared during the qualification works of the students, were deposited here and can be used on demand. From the theses and much additional literature collected here, the history of industrial dyestuff chemistry and the photographic industry as well as the contributions of the scientists working at the Institute since 1892, including W. König and H. T. Bucherer as some of the more famous examples, can be reflected upon and studied in detail.
Atypia in pulmonary cytology: A cytomorphometric analysis of the spectrum of changes between benign and malignant
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Zhang Tao , Esebua Magda , Schmidt Robert L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCytopathologists reviewing pulmonary specimens are expected to classify samples into clinically useful categories. Clinicians prefer reports to convey a definitively benign or definitively malignant diagnosis. Cytopathologists recognize a spectrum of morphologic features with increasing degrees of atypia between clearly benign and clearly malignant. A variety of terms are used to convey to clinicians how concerned a cytologist is that a malignancy maybe present. These terms include “atypia”, “atypical” and “suspicious for malignancy”, but have had variable meanings among cytopathologists and clinicians. Categorization schemes have been proffered to include standardization of terminology with many of these systems containing one or more intermediate categories.MethodsAn electronic search of the University of Missouri cytology reporting system was made for all bronchial brushings specimens diagnosed using the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System for Reporting Respiratory Cytology (PSCSR) between January 2019 and December 2019. Slides were reviewed to determine adequate cellularity and preparation quality. From those found to be adequately cellular and of good quality, four bronchial brushing specimens from each PSCSR category were randomly selected. For each case a slide was digitized and at least 70 of the most “atypical” cells were analyzed by the Aperio System for nuclear area and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Distribution of measured parameters among categories was analyzed by the Kruskal‐Wallis test.ResultsDuring the study period, only the PSCSR categories “benign”, “atypical” and “malignant” were recorded. A significant difference in distribution of nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was seen between the “benign” and “atypical” categories but not between the “atypical” and “malignant” categories. The “atypical” category appeared to be bi‐modal indicating that it could be divided into two categories, “atypical” and “suspicious for malignancy”.ConclusionsThe categories “atypical” and “suspicious for malignancy” served to divide the spectrum of cytomorphologic changes between “benign” and “malignant” into clinically useful groups. The use of these categories is supported by cytomorphometric analysis of bronchial brushing specimens.