bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The organisational development of interest groups in Montenegro and Slovenia: Do they contribute to more inclusive democracy?
Authors: Novak Meta , Komar Olivera 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite the joint history of Montenegro and Slovenia as republics of the former Yugoslavia, the development of the interest groups system has been different in these countries. While in Slovenia, these groups started to develop from the 19th century, in Montenegro the interest groups system was almost non-existent in the pre-socialist period with only a few participative elements, such as the use of tribal assemblies. Socialism did not support associational life, since most of the organizations that were founded at the time were under some form of government control. As a consequence, the interest groups system in Slovenia shrank during socialist rule, while in Montenegro it remained at the same level. During the 1980s and after the collapse of the socialist regime the interest group system in Montenegro finally starts to develop, being heavily influenced by international donor and assistance programmes, while in Slovenia the system had a new opportunity to flourish. In this article we are in particularly interested in how the interest group system contributes to the quality of democracy. Although Montenegrin interest groups have been a tool of influence and democratisation primarily on behalf of the international community, their internal democracy is less sophisticated than is the case in Slovenia. The results show that the origin of the interest groups system and the distinct histories of the specific political cultures seem to be embedded in the functioning of contemporary interest groups. This in turn, determines the strength or weakness of these groups in facing the challenges of de-democratisation.
Social policy in Slovenia and Montenegro: Comparing development and challenges
Authors: Hrast Maša Filipovič , Janković Uglješa , Rakar Tatjana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Slovenia and Montenegro have a common past; however, they have also experienced diverse developments in the field of social policy over the last three decades. The social policy of the two countries is based on a Yugoslav welfare model, and yet the positions of the two countries were quite rather different even as part of Federal Yugoslavia, with Slovenia being one of the most developed territories within the federation, while Montenegro was one of the least developed. In this article, we will describe the position and main challenges of the transition of the two countries from 1990 in relation to the developments and changes in the core fields of social policy, such as the labour market and social assistance, family policy and old age policy. The emphasis will be on linking the diverse starting points, the process of transition and the direction of developments, within the framework of path dependent changes in the two welfare systems, as well as a discussion of the relevant structural pressures, such as the economic and social situation of the two countries and ways of coping with these pressures that were employed. In the conclusion, the changes within the individual fields of social policy will also be discussed in relation to the prevalent discourses of the neoliberal transformation of modern welfare states, along with the development of social investment perspectives within social policy as a whole.
Cultivation of Algae Polyculture in Municipal Wastewater with CO2 Supply
Authors: Podkuiko Lara , Kasemets Mari-Liis , Kikas Timo , Lips Inga 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the past decades microalgae have been viewed as a promising source of sustainable biomass, because the cultivation of microalgae does not require arable land. Because the main use of the biomass has been envisaged as feedstock for biofuel, research has been directed on increasing the (lipid) yield of monospecies. However, because the production of biofuel from such virgin biomass is not economically viable, the production of the biomass should be coupled with other processes. In addition, cultivating polycultures may yield more biomass, while ensuring a stable culture. In this research Chlorella spp., Arthrospira platensis and Raphidocelis subcapitata were grown as a polyculture in municipal wastewater in order to remove nutrients. The results indicate that using microalgal polycultures may help reduce nitrogen and phosphorus by the level reglemented by the EU Council Directive. This may help reduce water treatment costs with simultaneous biomass production.
Potential and Risk of the Visible Light Assisted Photocatalytical Treatment of PRD1 and T4 Bacteriophage Mixtures
Authors: Sakalauskaite Sandra , Kuliesiene Neringa , Galalyte Deimante , Tuckute Simona , Urbonavicius Marius , Varnagiris Sarunas , Daugelavicius Rimantas , Lelis Martynas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In current study UV light and visible light activated photocatalytic inactivation treatment was applied to the less commonly studied subjects, namely bacteriophages PRD1, T4 and their mixture. By using UV light irradiation and high efficiency P25 TiO2 photocatalyst powders it was demonstrated that individually and in mixture PRD1 bacteriophage is particularly vulnerable to the photocatalytic inactivation and in just approximately 20 min its infectivity is reduced by 100 %. As for the T4 bacteriophage, it has been reported that under UV irradiation T4 triggers self-repair and replication mechanisms therefore under same photocatalytic inactivation conditions infectivity reduction reaches just 60 %. Surprisingly, by studying visible light photocatalytic treatment efficiency of PRD1 and T4 bacteriophage mixture we identified that T4 bacteriophage potentially triggers the same self-repair and replication mechanism as it does under UV light. Moreover, by using two different types of visible light activated photocatalysts we determined that when efficiency of the used photocatalyst is too small the overall infectivity of the T4 bacteriophage can significantly surpass the corresponding property of the untreated control group.
Assessment of Urban Resilience to Natural Disasters with a System Dynamics Tool: Case Study of Latvian Municipality
Authors: Feofilovs Maksims , Romagnoli Francesco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Research focuses on linking climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies. The aim of the research is to test an urban resilience assessment tool through a local case study. The tool is based on integrating two methods. Multi-criteria analysis and system dynamics model is used to create a dynamic Urban Resilience Index. For the case study a local medium sized town is chosen in Latvia that is subject to flood risk. The results of the model simulation show that the model is suitable for both short term and long term resilience assessment. Future studies must focus on the precision of such a tool, which in this study could not be evaluated. Overall, the tool presented can contribute to offsetting the existing knowledge gaps between climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction for better policy planning and strengthening urban resilience on the local level.
Waste Cooking Oil as Substrate for Single Cell Protein Production by Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Spalvins Kriss , Geiba Zane , Kusnere Zane , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cooking oils are widely used in food preparation. During cooking, harmful compounds are formed in oils, therefore utilization of used cooking oils (waste cooking oils) is limited. Single cell protein (SCP) is dietary protein, which can be produced from various protein-rich microorganisms that are capable of utilizing industrial by-products such as waste cooking oil (WCO). In this study the utilization of industrial WCO (obtained from local potato chips manufacturer) as a carbon source for single cell protein production by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was assessed. The medium containing 27.5 g/L WCO and C/N ratio of 5–10 for batch fermentations was determined to be the optimal composition for SCP production. In this study, the highest reported Yarrowia lipolytica biomass concentration (57.37 g/L) was achieved when WCO was used as the main carbon source. Protein concentrations were relatively low (12.6 %), which also affected the final protein yield (7.23 g/L). The resulting biomass accumulated low concentrations of toxic malondialdehyde (MDA) (2.32 mg MDA/kg) compared to concentrations initially detected in the WCO itself (30.87 mg MDA/kg). To the best of the authors knowledge this is the first study to report on MDA decrease via microbial fermentations.
Possibilities of Obtaining Rail Transport Data for the Purpose of Updating the Source Data of the ERIC Mobile Application
Authors: Čamaj Juraj , Čarný Štefan , Šperka Adrián 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The flow of information is important in any area of human life. That’s why people try to develop applications to support the flow of information. But then it is also important to protect information, which means that not all employees have access to all information. In practice, this means above all a competitive advantage over other companies in the same sector. The purpose of the article is to define the positive and negative aspects of trade secrets from the customer’s point of view in passenger and freight rail transport. The main goal is to connect the information systems of individual infrastructure managers and carriers into the ERIC MOBILE application in compliance with the conditions of modularity.
A cross-sectional study on nerve conduction velocity in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Chadha Vineeta , Shivalkar Surendra S. , Ramraje Nagsen 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
This study was undertaken with the aim to find out possible presence of subclinical peripheral neuropathy in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its association with advancing severity of disease. Changes in nerve conduction parameter values in these patients have been presented.

Materials and Methods:
Median, ulnar, peroneal motor, and sural sensory nerve conduction latency, amplitude, and velocity were recorded in 100 known cases of COPD in the age group of 25–65 years as per the standard protocol.

Results:
On analysis, statistically significant lowering of sural nerve conduction velocity (P = 0.002) and amplitude (P = 0.003) was found with decreasing FEV1% in the three stages of COPD. Decrease in ulnar sensory conduction amplitude and velocity was also noted but it was not significant. Fall in sural nerve conduction velocity was found to be strongly and positively correlated (P = 0.029, r = 0.444) with decrease in FEV1%.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that with increasing severity of disease, airflow limitation enhances polyneuropathy in COPD patients. It is predominantly axonal and mainly involving sensory nerve.
From the history of the military past
of composer and conductor Boris Galaev
Authors: Kireev Felix S. 
Published: January 2021

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail.
In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster.
For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated.
Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units.
He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography.
For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).
Pengembangan Instrumen Tes Model Ideation-Explanation Untuk Mengukur Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Dalam Pemecahan Masalah
Authors: Busyairi Ahmad , Sinaga Parlindungan 
Published: January 2021

Kemampuan berpikir kreatif khusunya kreatif dalam konteks pemecahan masalah sangat dibutuhkan di era revolusi industri 4.0 ini. Oleh karena itu, setiap individu hendaknya tidak hanya dibekali dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah semata melainkan juga harus dilatihkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif agar nantinya mereka dapat menyelesaiakan permasalahan dengan cara-cara yang kreatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen tes untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kreatif dalamÃÂ konteksÃÂ pemecahan masalah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model 4D. Pengembangan model 4D terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu; pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebarluasan. Instrumen tes yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini berbentuk Ideation-ExplanationÃÂ (I-E model). Adapun jumlah item soal(permasalahan terbuka) terdiri atas 5 (lima) permasalahanyang masing-masing permasalahan diikuti oleh 2 (dua) buah pertanyaan.Hasil analisis data memperlihatkanÃÂ bahwa semua itemÃÂ soalÃÂ valid dengan reliabilitas 0,79 dalam kategori tinggi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumentesyang sudah dikembangkanÃÂ layak untuk digunakan
Analisis Keberadaan Batuan Mangan Menggunakan Metode Golistrik 1D dan Pengukuran Resistivitas Sampel di Laboratorium
Authors: Tiffany Afriedha Atika , Riskiya Faridatur , Priyantari Nurul , Suprianto Agus 
Published: January 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian menggunakan Metode Geolistrik 1 D dan pengukuran resistivitas sampel batuan mangan di laboratorium, dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan dan kedalaman batuan Mangan di Gunung Sadeng, Jember. Gunung Sadeng merupakan gunung kapur yang teridentifikasi mengandung batuan mangan. Metode yang digunakan adalahÃÂ metode geolistrik 1 Dimensi atau Vertical Elecrical Sounding (VES) dengan konfigurasi Schlumberger, sedangkan pengukuran sampel di laboratorium menggunakan metode empat titik. Data diolah menggunakan Software Ipi2win untuk memperoleh litologi bawah permukaan. Mangan memiliki nilai resistivitas rendah dengan rentang (44-160) ÃÂ©m dan termasuk dalam resistivitas limestone. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa litologi di kawasan Gunung Sadeng terdiri dari limestone, gamping terumbu, limestone bersisipan mangan, dan lempung kering. Limestone bersisipan mangan berada di kedalaman (14.20-23.4) m, (3.52-16.20) m dan (3.79-7.91) m. Sedangkan hasil laboratorium uji sampel batuan, memiliki resistivitas 88.85 ÃÂ©m, 100.91 ÃÂ©m dan 199.43 ÃÂ©m.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) Untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Peserta Didik
Authors: Hardianti Fera , Setiadi Dadi , Syukur Abdul , Merta I Wayan 
Published: January 2021

Literasi sains (scientific literacy) merupakan indikator keberhasilan dalam proses pendidikan, dan salah satu unsur pendukungnya adalah proses pembelajaran yang terintegrasi science, environment, technology, dan society (SETS). Penelitian ini bertujuanÃÂ mengembangkan bahan ajar terintegrasi SETS untuk meningkatkanÃÂ literasi sains peserta didik kelas VIII di MTsN 1 Mataram. Desain penelitian menggunakan Pre-test post-test Control Group Design dengan metode penelitian adalah Research and Development (R&D). Populasi penelitian seluruh peserta didik kelas VIII MTsN 1 Mataram yang terdiri dari 5 kelas, dengan sampel kelas VIII-2 dan VIII-8 yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tes pengetahuan literasi sains dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji MANOVA. Hasil uji coba terbatas menunjukan skor rata-rata literasi sains pada pre-test sebesar 54,86 sedangkan post-test sebesar 82,05. Hasil uji MANOVA menujukan nilai signifikan literasi sains yaitu 0,009. DataÃÂ tersebut lebih kecil dari 0,05 (< 0,05), artinya H0ditolak, sehingga bahan ajar berbasis SETS dapat meningkatkan literasi sains
Pengembangan LKPD Aplikatif Integratif Berbasis Inquiri Terbimbing Pada Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia
Authors: Satura Yendro Try , Abdullah Abdullah , Rery Radjawali Usman 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik (LKPD) yang aplikatif integratif berbasis inquiri terbimbing pada materi kesetimbangan kimia untuk kelas XI SMA /MA sederajat. LKPD ini membantu peserta didik mengaitkan materi dengan fenomena alam ataupun kehidupan sehari hari dengan basis inquiri terbimbing. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA N 4 Pekanbaru dan SMA N 15 Pekanbaru. Sebelum diujikan kesekolah LKPD di dinilai kelayakan oleh tim validator. Kelayakan LKPD diujikan pada validator dengan intrument kelayakan yang sudah dirancang. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan pendekatan ÃÂ ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Tahap penelitian ini adalah tahap penggalian potensi masalah dan perancangan. Skor rata rata validator menunjukkan hasil 93.5% yang berarti layak digunakan. Uji respon guru didapatkan hasil skor rata rata ÃÂ 89.5% dan uji respon peserta didik skor rata rata 90.25% yang berarti LKPD dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
Pengaruh Gaya Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Irawati Ilfa , Ilhamdi Mohammad Liwa , Nasruddin Nasruddin 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SDN 9 Mataram. Jenis penelitian ini adalahÃÂ ex post facto dengan desain penelitian kausal komparatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angketÃÂ tertutup untuk variabel gaya belajar dan dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data hasil belajar. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 70 responden yaitu siswa kelas IV SDN 9 Mataram yang diperoleh dengan teknik sampling jenuh. DataÃÂ dianalisis menggunakan statistikÃÂ deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial yaitu uji regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gaya belajar siswa kelas IV SDN 9 Mataram lebih cenderung memiliki gaya belajar visual dengan jumlah 33 siswa, persentase sebesar 47.14% yang termasuk dalam kategori cukup. Hasil belajar IPA siswa yang dilihat dari nilai Ulangan Akhir Semester (UAS) menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar hasil belajar siswa kelas IV pada mata pelajaran IPA berada pada kategori sedang yaitu dicapai oleh 32 siswa dengan persentase 45.72%. Berdasarkan analisis data dengan taraf signifikansi 5% diperoleh nilai thitung > ttabel yaitu 4.288 > 1.995. Apabila dilihat dari nilai signifikansinya yaitu sig. 0.000 < 0.05. Dengan demikian maka dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh signifikan gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar IPA kelas IV SDN 9 Mataram. Gaya belajar memberikan kontribusi terhadap hasil belajar sebesar 21.2%.ÃÂ
Music Theory for the “Weaker Sex”: Oliveria Prescott’s Columns forThe Girl’s Own Paper
Authors: Lumsden Rachel 
Published: January 2021

In this article, I examine a cluster of music theory essays by Oliveria Louisa Prescott (1842–1917), which were published between 1886 and 1891 inThe Girl’s Own Paper(TGOP), the most popular periodical for young women in Victorian England. Although little known today, Prescott sustained a vibrant musical career in London as a composer and teacher, and her articles on music theory regularly appeared in major periodicals such asThe Musical WorldandTGOP.Prescott’s work forTGOPpresents a rare opportunity to explore music theory that was not just written by a woman, but also intended for a genteel female audience in the Victorian era. Her articles include explanations of fundamental theoretical subjects (cadences, basic harmonic progressions) as well as short analyses of solo piano works by Beethoven and Mendelssohn. But these articles are also noteworthy for their discussions of more advanced theoretical topics (such as chromatic harmony), concepts that might seem surprising for a popular periodical for young ladies. Mainstream journalism is often devalued as a “less serious” form of intellectual discourse, but Prescott’s work complicates stereotypes of ignorant amateur female musicians and the so-called “private” sphere, and it demonstrates how print journalism could serve as a vital public platform for the circulation of music theory among young British women in the Victorian era.
Harmonizing Chorales Systematically: A Translation of G. H. Stölzel’s Kurzer und gründlicher Unterricht (Brief and Thorough Instruction), ms. c.1719–1749
Authors: Remeš Derek 
Published: January 2021

This article provides the first English translation of a little-known manuscript treatise by the central-German composer and Capellmeister, Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel (1690–1749), titled Kürzer und gründliche Unterricht (Brief and Thorough Instruction, ca. 1719–49). Stölzel’s method frames speculative theory (trias harmonica and the tabula tradition) practically in terms of thoroughbass in order to provide simple instruction on how to invent the bass and middle voices to an original chorale melody. In the second half of the treatise, Stölzel uses thoroughbass to describe not only harmony, but also counterpoint. He does so by explaining various dissonant intervallic constellations in terms of the traditional terms “agent” and “patient,” which describe the two voices involved in a dissonant syncopatio. Stölzel’s treatise thus has both historical and practical value, since his method of chorale harmonization can provide welcome guidance for today's students and pedagogues.
A Transformational Approach to Gesture in Shō Performance
Authors: Momii Toru 
Published: January 2021

Through an analysis of contemporary shō performance practice, this article explores the relationship between instrumental gesture and modal theory in contemporary gagaku. I demonstrate that the idiosyncratic arrangement of the pipes on the shō is closely related to the pitch structure and tonal function of theaitakepitch clusters.My analysis synthesizes two approaches. First, I adopt David Lewin’s (1987) transformational attitude to conceptualize theaitakenot as static musical objects but as processes of motion enacted by thete-utsuri—standardized fingering movements for shifting between twoaitake. Second, I treat theaitakeas sonic byproducts of a performer's instrumental gestures to examine how theaitakeare related to one another kinesthetically, and whether these relationships correlate with the pitch structures of theaitake.I argue that relatedness betweenaitakeis determined by the parsimony ofte-utsuri. The most parsimonious movements can be enacted between fouraitake:bō,kotsu, ichiandotsu.Theseaitakeare identical to the clusters that accompany the fundamental tones of five of the six modes:Ichikotsu-chō,Hyōjō,Taishiki-chō, Oshiki-chōandBanshiki-chō. These findings demonstrate that the pipes of the shō, while seemingly arranged in no discernable order, prioritize parsimoniouste-utsuribetween each of theaitakeaccompanying the fundamental modal degrees. An analysis of the pitch structure ofaitakethrough the lens ofte-utsurireveals a striking correlation between gestural parsimony and tonal function.