bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Morphology and the Biological Control of Cryphonectria parasitica
Authors: PUIA Carmen Emilia , GRIGORESCU Daniela Andreea , MICLEA Raluca Vasilica 
Published: December 2021

Cryphonectria parasiticaÂ Â (Murr.) Bar [syn. Endothia parasitica (Murr. And.] (anamorf:Â Endothiella sp .) is the causal agent of chestnut bark disease or chestnut blight, disease which produced great damages throughout the world, for example, in Europe, the European chestnut tree (Â Castanea sativa (P.) Mill) was heavily affected. Environmental concerns have focused attention on natural forms of disease control as an effective alternative to chemical pesticides. In the chestnut blight fungus,Â Cryphonectria parasitica deals with a natural form of biological control in which the virulence of a fungal pathogen is attenuated by an endogenous viral RNA genetic element- the hypovirulent strain. In our researches we picked samples of chestnut bark from different areas in Maramures county. Weâ€™ve isolated the fungus on PDA medium and weâ€™ve studied the morphological characteristics of the usual virulent strain and we looked for a possible hypovirulent strain in order to study its capacity for biological control. The fungus develops in the bark and in cambium where forms a yellowish or brownish stroma and produces both conidia and ascospores. The pycnidia stromata break through the lenticels producing conidia and later in the same stroma develop the perithecia which produce ascospores. Both strains of the fungus were found in the research area. The hypovirulent strain had a slower development, showed no sporuÂ lation and pigmentation â€œwhite cultural strainâ€ and was testedÂ in vitro for the capacity to convert the virulent isolates by dual culture tests.
The Effects of Mineral and Organic Fertilizers on
Authors: ȘANDOR Mignon , OPRUÅ¢A Cristina 
Published: December 2021

Soil respiration is the production of carbon dioxide from soil as a result of soil organism metabolic processes. One of the most important sources of COÂ 2 emission is from agricultural fields. Agricultural practices can influence soil organic carbon inputs and outputs being determinant for COÂ 2 emission. We studied the effects of mineral and organic fertilization on COÂ 2 emission in a potato field. During the growing season (April - October) the soil respiration was measured with a closed dynamic chamber in a field experiment where 100 kg of nitrogen was applied as mineral and organic fertilizers. The average COÂ 2 fluxes did not registered significant differences between treatments, mean estimated values were of 4.8 g/mÂ 2/h in control treatment, 4.63 g/m2/h in organically fertilized soil and 4.2 g/mÂ 2/h in mineral fertilized soil. The highest soil CO2 emission was measured during summer, while similar values of soil respiration were observed in spring and autumn.
Influence of Fertilizations upon the Intensity of Microsphaera abbreviata Attack in Oak
Authors: MAN Sabin-Rareș , OROIAN Ioan , ODAGIU Antonia , MAN Adriana , BRAȘOVEAN Ioan 
Published: December 2021

In Romania on average over 20000 ha of oak forests are affected byÂ Microsphaera abbreviata.Â Â More than that oak seedlings are susceptible to the leaf fungus. The aim of the present paper is to determine the influence of different types of fertilization over theÂ Microsphaera abbreviata attack intensity on a basis of a two year research in a Transylvanian forestry nursery. The experiment was designed to examine the influence of 16 types of variable levels of fertilization (N, P, K and manure) compared with the control variant in terms of fungus attack. Application of fertilizers in the experimental years did not lead to identical patterns; however some conclusions can be drawn.
Disease Risk Assessment in Potato Cultures
Authors: FLEȘERIU Andrei , OROIAN Ioan , BRAȘOVEAN Ioan , MIHAI - OROIAN Constantin , BORDEA Daniela 
Published: December 2021

The aim of our study was to elaborate a system of risk analyse againstÂ Phytophtora infestansÂ Â (Mont) de Bary attack degree in potato, in connection with climatic factors, in Transylvanian Plane. The risk assessment for potato late blight attack was conducted in tree experimental points located in the counties of Transylvanian Plane: Alba, Cluj, and Mureș. The data were statistically processed using STATISTICA v. 7.0 programme. The analyse of phytosanitary risk assessment consisted in three stages: initiation of the risk assessment, evaluation of the risk analyse, and risk management. Initiation of the risk assessment and evaluation of the ris analyses were performed. The risk management againstÂ Phytophtora infestans (Mont) de Bary attack degree in potato initiated involves treatment strategies, using environmentally friendly products, combined to culture appropriate works and strategies, as culture rotations, disinfestations of equipments, and appropriate storage of tubers used for seeding.
Evaluation of the Phenolic Content in the Buds of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc.
Authors: LAZURCA Mădălina , LAZURCA Dumitru , FETEA Florinela , RANGA Floricuta , SOCACIU Carmen 
Published: December 2021

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc. (Japanese knotweed)Â is considered an invasive plant in several countries in Europe, whilst being used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine for various inflammatory diseases, hepatitis, tumors, diarrhea, suppurative dermatitis, gonorrhea, hyperlipidemia, favus athleteâ€™s foot, osteomyelitis. The present study is focused on the characterization of different extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.Â buds, by determination of the influence of different solvents on the extraction yield, the phenolic content and their antioxidant capacity. The solvents used were ethanol, propylene glycol, methanol, acid water and alkaline water, in different combinations. The UV-Vis spectra were recorded and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, comparing the extraction yields with the total phenolic contents. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extracts analyzed had total phenolic values fromÂ 1048 mg/100g to 1426 mg/100g fresh buds, expressed as gallic acid equivalents, the highest extraction index being 96.3, in good agreement with the antioxidant capacity. These data suggest that Polygonum cupidatumÂ Sieb.et Zucc. buds could be a rich source of natural antioxidants and a good candidate as an ingredient in functional food, cosmetics and drugs for the prevention ofÂ the negative effects of oxidative stress on humans.
Evaluation of Some Factors with Significant Influence on Functionality and Viability of Probiotic Strains LA-5 Â® and L. Casei 431 Â® in Multiple Starter Cultures in Mesophilic Fermented Milk
Authors: PARASCHIV Daniela , VASILE Aida 
Published: December 2021

Abstract.Â For a very long time, probiotics have been selected on the basis of their suitability to foodâ€™s environment and technological procedures, as well as survival ability in vitro and also in vivo. These criteria are still used. The aim of this study was to select, using the Plakett-Burman design of experiments model, of three significant factors, which influence the multiplication ability and viability of probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus (commercial code LA-5Â®) and Lactobacillus casei subsp. paracasei (commercial code L. casei 431Â®) in fermented mesophilic milk product (commercial named Sana) obtained by fermentation with a multiple culture with mesophilic lactic starter Flora Danica Chr. Hansen commercial starters (Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris). By statistical analysis the most important factors (independent variables)Â with influence on the probiotic bacteria were selected for the optimized. These are the temperature of fermentation; the ratio between probiotic strains and Flora Danica and the addition of prebiotic Fagopyrum esculentum flour. In the future experiments the optimum values of these parameters will be optimized by using response surface methodology, in order to establish the conditions in which can be obtain the mesophilic fermented milk products with probiotic action in vivo.Â
Rheological Evaluation of Some Laboratory Mills
Authors: VIZITIU Daniel , OGNEAN Mihai , DANCIU Ioan 
Published: December 2021

The dough rheology is one of the most important aspect in bread making so it is very important to accurate evaluate the wheat potential for breadmaking by rheological test. The wheat must be milled for testing; the mill used influence the relevancy of wheat tests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the rheological properties of flour obtained by grinding ten samples of wheat in three of the most common laboratory mills (Perten 120, Quadromat Jr. and Chopin CD1). The rheological behaviours of the wheat flours obtained in laboratory were compared with those of flours obtained in industrial mill. The rheological measurements were performed using the Alveograph, Farinograph and Mixolab. Significant correlations were established between the rheological evaluations of industrial and laboratory flour. We may conclude that the wheat milling obtained with laboratory mill Perten 120 correlated well with industrial flour for most of the rheological measurements. The Pearson correlation coefficient varied between 0.42 and 0.93 for test ran on Alveograph and Farinograph and between 0.19 and 0.9 for Mixolab testing.Â Â
Identification of the Mineral Components and Metal Contaminants in Some Varieties of Bottled Beer
Authors: GORAN Gheorghe Valentin , CRIVINEANU Victor , TUDOREANU Liliana , IORDACHE Roxana 
Published: December 2021

Several varieties of bottled beer were bought from Bucharest's markets and analyzed by ICP-OES.Â Al, Be, Cd, Co, Ga, Ni, Pb and Se were not detected. The highest total concentrations were found for K, Mg, and Ca; however the samples contained medium Na total concentrations and low total Fe concentrations. The results suggest that beer is an important source of potassium and has nutritional value. No significant differences of the analyzed minerals were found between groups for the same beer variety or between beer varieties. Traces of potentially toxic metals such as Sr and Zn were also identified in the beer samples. The study of Sr and Zn in beverages should be further developed due to their potential chronic toxicity and because of their ability to accumulate in organs after constant prolonged beer consumption.
Study Regarding Lead Pollution Level.A Case Study - Cluj Contry
Authors: IVAN Ilarie , MURESAN Liana , DEAC Teodora 
Published: December 2021

AmbientÂ airÂ quality inÂ ClujÂ County isÂ determinedÂ by theÂ numberÂ of pollutants,Â including heavy metals represented by As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Se, Zn and especially Pb, especially due to the relativelyÂ large quantities found inÂ theÂ environment.Â Lead canâ€™tÂ be degraded naturally,Â affecting the environment and human health, including the accumulation in the food chain. The amount of lead in theÂ ambientÂ air canÂ beÂ determined theoretically fromÂ theÂ emissionÂ inventories andÂ inÂ practice by laboratoryÂ processingÂ ofÂ the filters that particulateÂ matter sampling wasÂ performed, followedÂ byÂ the mineralization of samples andÂ theÂ determination ofÂ heavyÂ metals by atomicÂ absorption spectrometry (AAS). AllÂ theÂ data inÂ this articleÂ was obtainedÂ from activitiesÂ carriedÂ out inÂ collaboration with the RegionalÂ Agency forÂ EnvironmentalÂ Protection Cluj-Napoca. AirÂ QualityÂ in ClujÂ County hasÂ been monitoredÂ between 2007Â andÂ 2011 by determiningÂ theÂ concentration of Pb inÂ particulateÂ matter (PM10), determined gravimetricallyÂ with automaticÂ monitoring stations forÂ airÂ quality. Emissions inventory conducted inÂ collaborationÂ with RegionalÂ Agency forÂ EnvironmentalÂ Protection Cluj - Napoca showedÂ that Pb emissions dropped significantly in recentÂ years, inÂ ClujÂ county. TheÂ paper concludesÂ with recommendationsÂ to localÂ government toÂ reduce pollution inÂ generalÂ and leadÂ in particular.
The Strategy of Waste Management Resulting from Military Activities
Authors: BRAȘOVEAN Ioan , OROIAN Ioan , ODAGIU Antonia , BALINT Claudia 
Published: December 2021

MilitaryÂ activitiesÂ oftenÂ haveÂ aÂ varietyÂ ofÂ negativeÂ impactsÂ onÂ theÂ environmentÂ inÂ which they occur. Environmental breaches of military activities can be a threat to the welfare and habitats. AuthoritiesÂ responsibilityÂ isÂ inÂ theÂ protectionÂ ofÂ theÂ physicalÂ andÂ naturalÂ environments,Â whereÂ they carry out operations and training. MilitaryÂ trainingÂ canÂ affectÂ theÂ biodiversityÂ startingÂ fromÂ theÂ flora,Â birdsÂ andÂ insectsÂ to marineÂ lifeÂ andÂ marineÂ mammals. ThroughÂ researchesÂ andÂ newÂ technologies,Â togetherÂ withÂ the standardization of procedures and training, the authorities is working to improve the protection of the environment and the nature where it operates (Malis Sazdovska, 2011) . Measures taken are in the direction of protection from hazardous substances (including fuel andÂ oil),Â wasteÂ waterÂ treatment,Â wasteÂ management,Â reductionÂ ofÂ theÂ consumptionÂ ofÂ fossilÂ fuel energy, and application of environmental management systems during military activities.IncreasingÂ ofÂ demandÂ fromÂ environmentalÂ legislationÂ andÂ publicÂ opinionÂ haveÂ transformed militaries activities, employees and facilities of Armed Forces all over the world. It became necessary toÂ implementÂ anÂ EnvironmentalÂ ManagementÂ SystemÂ (EMS)Â toÂ guideÂ peopleÂ howÂ toÂ participateÂ on thoseÂ activitiesÂ evenÂ duringÂ peaceÂ orÂ warÂ times.Â Itâ€™sÂ aÂ commonÂ threatÂ amongÂ allÂ theÂ armiesÂ that military planning documents nowadays have to consider the risks of damaging the environment which can be caused by military operations. This has led to a progressive updated of environmental military legislation in order to be in according to Federal Environmental Laws in each country. MilitaryÂ operationsÂ andÂ trainingÂ activities canÂ haveÂ negativeÂ impactsÂ onÂ ecosystemsÂ dueÂ to theÂ natureÂ ofÂ theÂ landÂ useÂ oftenÂ resultÂ fromÂ damageÂ toÂ vegetation,Â diggingÂ activities,Â andÂ soil disturbanceÂ fromÂ heavyÂ troopÂ traffic.Â SoilÂ disturbanceÂ andÂ associatedÂ erosionÂ andÂ sedimentation problemsÂ canÂ furtherÂ aggravateÂ theÂ ecologicalÂ impactsÂ ofÂ militaryÂ landÂ useÂ onÂ theÂ ecosystems.Â The militaryâ€™s essential mission is to win the war through the application of combat power warfare, which is destructive to the environment. This damage is a consequence of combat. However, it is necessary to restrict the application of force. TheÂ actionsÂ mustÂ conformÂ toÂ theÂ lawÂ ofÂ landÂ warfare,Â thoseÂ establishedÂ orÂ not conventionsÂ andÂ agreementsÂ thatÂ protectÂ ecosystemsÂ againstÂ dispensableÂ sufferingÂ and facilitate the restoration of peace (de Oliveira, 2012)
Considerations upon the Implications of European Union Legislations Concerning the Environmental Policy and Agricultural Productivity
Authors: PAULIUC Sânziana , OROIAN Ioan , ODAGIU Antonia , TODEA Alexandru 
Published: December 2021

On both national and European Union levels, a constant interest concerning the reflection of environmental quality on agricultural production is developing. This paper aims to approach from conceptual point of view the instruments of the EU legislation, used for improving the opportunities of theÂ EU nationalÂ governmentsÂ to improveÂ theÂ environmentalÂ quality. TheÂ researchÂ was carriedÂ on basedÂ onÂ referencesÂ fromÂ lastÂ fiveÂ years,Â usingÂ asÂ mainÂ sourceÂ theÂ internationalÂ databases.Â The internationalÂ environmentalÂ conventions,Â concerningÂ horizontalÂ factorsÂ namely,Â areÂ treated. TheÂ EU policies,Â basedÂ onÂ theÂ principlesÂ ofÂ environmentalÂ internationalÂ conventions, aimingÂ toÂ reduceÂ the effectsÂ ofÂ theÂ impactÂ producedÂ byÂ theÂ environmentalÂ pollutionÂ agentsÂ mustÂ copeÂ toÂ the statusÂ quo producedÂ byÂ theÂ necessityÂ ofÂ reconciliationÂ betweenÂ twoÂ essentialÂ objectives,Â butÂ apparentlyÂ in contradiction:Â supplyingÂ environmentalÂ protectionÂ andÂ inÂ theÂ meanÂ time,Â supplyingÂ theÂ agricultural efficiency.Â InÂ orderÂ toÂ implementÂ thisÂ desiderate,Â theÂ normativeÂ principlesÂ thatÂ fundamentÂ these policiesÂ areÂ focusedÂ onÂ twoÂ centralÂ points:Â correctÂ repartitionÂ ofÂ duties,Â andÂ increasingÂ the responsibilitiesÂ ofÂ theÂ agentsÂ involvedÂ inÂ implementationsÂ ofÂ foreseenÂ practices.Â However,Â the efficientÂ implementationÂ ofÂ presentÂ EUÂ environmentalÂ policies,Â atÂ instrumentsÂ andÂ principles levels, continuesÂ toÂ beÂ aÂ challengeÂ forÂ theÂ stakeholders.Â InÂ thisÂ respect,Â threeÂ concurrentÂ conceptsÂ areÂ in discussions. InÂ orderÂ toÂ obtainÂ efficientÂ legislativeÂ patternsÂ inÂ theÂ fieldÂ ofÂ environmentalÂ policies meantÂ toÂ contributeÂ toÂ theÂ increasingÂ ofÂ theÂ agriculturalÂ healthyÂ outputs,Â itÂ isÂ importantÂ toÂ consider four components: existence of collaboration group at national leadership levels, conjugated actions at communitarianÂ level,Â increasingÂ environmentalÂ consciousnessÂ ofÂ publicÂ opinion,Â and trans-frontier mobilization.
Research on the Influence of Organic Fertilizing and Mulching on Productivity and Phytodiversity on Oligotrophic Grasslands
Authors: BALáZSI Ãgnes , ROTAR Ioan , PÄ‚CURAR Florin , VIDICAN Roxana , BOGDAN Anca 
Published: December 2021

Organic fertilizers have an influence on the floristic composition of grasslands. Fertilizing with manure favours the phytodiversity of grasslands. The objective of the study was to follow the influence of mulching and organic fertilizing in small quantities and at various time intervals upon dry matter yield and phytodiversity of Agrostis capillaris L. - Festuca rubra L. grassland type in the Apuseni Mountains. Seven treatmentsÂ ( controlÂ ( mowed 1/year ) ; mulch 1/year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure /year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/3 years; abandonment )Â were evaluated experimentally. Organic fertilizing in low quantities could be a way to maintain the floristic diversity of oligotrophic grasslands in Apuseni Mountains.
The Perspective of Cultivation and Utilization of the Species Silphium Perfoliatum L. and Helianthus Tuberosus L. in Moldova
Authors: Å¢áŽÅ¢EI Victor , TELEUÅ¢Ä‚ Alexandru , MUNTEAN Alexandru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The species of Asteraceae family, sylph or cap plant, Silphium perfoliatum, cv.Vital and Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, cv. Solar from the collection of nontraditional fodder plants, Botanical GardenÂ ( Institute )Â of Academy of Sciences of Moldova, as study objects. The annual productivity of S. perfoliatum, cv.Vital was 14.28 kg/m2 of fresh mass and 2.41 kg/m2 of dry matter, H. tuberosus, cv. Solar - 16.3 kg/ m2 or 4.0 kg/ m2 respectively. Chemical composition absolutely dry substances of S. perfoliatum, cv.Vital: 15.94% raw protein, 3.25% raw fats, 29.96% raw cellulose, 165.17 mg/kg carotene and H. tuberosus, cv. Solar 9.32% raw protein, 1.93% raw fats, 21.29% raw cellulose, 8.75% mineral substances, 58.71% non-nitrogenous extractive substances it was established in the first harvesting. Stems of these species in autumn-winter accelerated release the humidity, are resistant to lodging, does not demand sophisticated equipment at harvesting, and can be harnessed for solid biofuel production; caloric capacity of the plant of S. perfoliatum reach 18.3 MJ/kg, and at the H. tuberosus - 18.7 MJ/kg.
Effectiveness and safety of perampanel in Chinese paediatric patients (2‐14 years) with refractory epilepsy: a retrospective, observational study
Authors: Qu Rui , Dai Yuanyuan , Chen Xuqin , Li Rui , Liu Min , Zhu Yali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective. We report our clinical experience of the effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel treatment in a Chinese paediatric population with refractory epilepsy. We also compare the effectiveness and tolerability of perampanel with or without concomitant oxcarbazepine or levetiracetam.Methods. This retrospective observational study was conducted from September 2019 to September 2020 in the paediatric neurology clinics of two tertiary hospitals in the Chinese mainland. We reviewed the data obtained from 96 paediatric patients aged 2‐14 years whose seizures were pharmacoresistant and who could be followed up for a minimum of six months. The effectiveness was estimated by the perampanel response rate at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up evaluations. Adverse events were also recorded. Patients were stratified by age (2‐7 and 7‐14 years), and with/without concomitant oxcarbazepine or levetiracetam.Results. The population comprised 96 patients with refractory epilepsy. The retention rate was 84.4% and 81.0% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The most common dose used was 4 mg (48.5%). Corresponding 50% responder and seizure freedom rates were as follows: 46.9% and 20.8% at six months, and 51.2% and 27.4% at 12 months, respectively. Adverse effects were reported in 22 patients (22.9%). The most common adverse effects were irritability, somnolence, and dizziness. The 50% and 100% responder rates and adverse effects were greater in patients aged 7‐14 years than in those aged 2‐7 years. The proportion of responder and seizure‐free rates and adverse effects were similar with or without oxcarbazepine. Perampanel was more effective in patients concomitantly treated with levetiracetam, however, this did not result in significantly more adverse events, including aggression.Significance. The present study suggests that perampanel, with or without concomitant oxcarbazepine or levetiracetam, is generally safe, well‐tolerated, and efficacious in paediatric patients with uncontrolled epilepsy in a clinical setting.
Intracortical focal non‐convulsive status epilepticus causing cerebral hypoxia and intracranial hypertension
Authors: Fernández‐Torre José L. , Hernández‐Hernández Miguel A. , Mato‐Mañas David , Marco de Lucas Enrique , Gómez‐Ruiz Elsa , Martín‐Láez Rubén 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe describe the pathophysiological consequences and long‐term neurological outcome of a patient with acute brain injury (ABI) in whom intracortical electroencephalography (iEEG) captured an episode of prolonged focal non‐convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) that remained undetectable on scalp electroencephalography. A 53‐year‐old right‐handed woman was admitted to hospital due to a large frontal left intraparenchymal hematoma. Over two and a half days, we captured recurrent non‐convulsive electrographic and electroclinical seizures compatible with the diagnosis of intracortical focal NCSE. The patient remained sedated and a burst‐suppression pattern was obtained. We also performed invasive brain multimodality monitoring including iEEG and measurements of intracranial pressure (ICP), partial brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) and brain temperature. During non‐convulsive electrographic and electroclinical seizures, the values of PbtO2 decreased and those of ICP increased. Six months later, brain MRI revealed encephalomalacia localized to the left paramedial fronto‐basal region. The neuropsychological assessment carried out one year after the injury showed scores below average in verbal learning memory, motor dexterity and executive functions. In summary, iEEG is a feasible innovative invasive technique that may be used to record non‐convulsive electrographic and electroclinical seizures which remain invisible on the surface. Intracortical focal NCSE causes metabolic changes such as reduced brain oxygenation and an increase in ICP that can further damage previously compromised brain tissue.