bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrist‐worn devices for the measurement of heart rate and energy expenditure: A validation study for the Apple Watch 6, Polar Vantage V and Fitbit Sense
Authors: Hajj‐Boutros Guy , Landry‐Duval Marie‐Anne , Comtois Alain Steve , Gouspillou Gilles , Karelis Antony D. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of 3 recently released wrist‐worn devices (Apple Watch 6, Polar Vantage V and Fitbit Sense) for heart rate and energy expenditure during various activities. The study population consisted of 60 young healthy individuals (30 men and 30 women; age: 24.9 ± 3.0 years, BMI: 23.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2). Heart rate and energy expenditure were measured using the Polar H10 and Metamax 3B, respectively (reference measures) as well as with the 3 wrist‐worn devices during 5 different activities (sitting, walking, running, resistance exercises and cycling). The Apple Watch 6 displayed the highest level of accuracy for heart rate measurement with a coefficient of variation (CV) (%) of less than 5% for all 5 activities, whereas the Polar Vantage V and the Fitbit Sense presented various degrees of accuracy (from high to poor accuracy) dependent on the activity (CVs between 2.44‐8.80% and 4.14‐10.76%, respectively). As for energy expenditure, all 3 devices displayed poor accuracy for all 5 physical activities (CVs between 14.68‐24.85% for Apple Watch 6, 16.54‐25.78% for Polar Vantage V and 13.44‐29.66% for Fitbit Sense). Results of the present study indicate that the Apple Watch 6 was the most accurate for measuring heart rate across all 5 activities, whereas variable levels of accuracy for heart rate measurement for the Polar Vantage V and the Fitbit Sense were observed depending on the activity. As for energy expenditure, all 3 devices showed poor accuracy during all activities.Highlights
The Apple Watch 6 was the most accurate for measuring heart rate, whereas the Polar Vantage V and Fitbit Sense showed variable results dependent on the activity
The Apple Watch 6, Polar Vantage V and Fitbit Sense showed poor accuracy for energy expenditure during 5 different physical activities
Healthcare care professionals, athletes/coaches and the general population may want to proceed with caution on the clinical utility of energy expenditure of these devices during the implementation of an exercise training or nutritional programme.
A grease for domain walls motion in HfO2-based ferroelectrics
Authors: Kashir Alireza , Farahani Mehrdad Ghiasabadi , Lančok Ján , Hwang Hyunsang , Kamba Stanislav 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A large coercive field E
C of HfO2 based ferroelectric devices poses critical performance issues in their applications as ferroelectric memories and ferroelectric field effect transistors. A new design to reduce E
C by fabricating nanolaminate Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/ZrO2 (HZZ) thin films is used, followed by an ensuing annealing process at a comparatively high temperature 700 °C. High-resolution electron microscopy imaging detects tetragonal-like domain walls between orthorhombic polar regions. These walls decrease the potential barrier of polarization reversal in HfO2 based films compared to the conventional domain walls with a single non-polar spacer, causing about a 40% decrease in E
C. Capacitance versus electric field measurements on HZZ thin film uncovered a substantial increase of dielectric permittivity near the E
C compared to the conventional Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film, justifying the higher mobility of domain walls in the developed HZZ film. The tetragonal-like regions served as grease easing the movement of the domain wall and reducing E
C.
Upscaling non-residential bio-based circular construction in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dams B , Maskell D , Shea A , Allen S , Cascione V , Walker P , Emmitt S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Non-residential circular construction projects using bio-based materials have been realised in the United Kingdom. Case studies include the Adnams Distribution Centre, the University of East Anglia’s Enterprise Centre and the British Science Museum’s hempcrete storage facility. The bio-based buildings utilise the natural properties of bio-based materials to insulate and regulate internal environments, particularly with reducing fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity, which can be harmful to sensitive stored products and artefacts. Projects have been successful on both on environmental and physical performance levels; however, they have not led to a subsequent proliferation of non-residential large-scale circular projects within the UK using emerging bio-based materials. This study examines why and uses analysis based upon exclusive interviews with key figures associated with bio-based case studies. Challenges faced include the ability to upscale production by manufacturers of bio-based materials, problems surrounding initial costs, gaining accreditation for materials, the vested interests present in the construction industry and levels of knowledge among clients and construction professionals. Potential upscaling solutions identified include long-term financial savings on running costs and high staff productivity, policies regarding grants, incentives and planning applications and local economic regeneration.
Design potentials between empirical data and architectural imagination: an exploration
Authors: Paans O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article discusses ways in which we can connect empirical data and design skills to create more circular and sustainable urban areas. The case of Hellersdorf-Süd (Berlin, DE) is used to describe a design approach that is context-driven and combines data and design skills to formulate coherent and relevant design proposals. Based on this exposition, this article presents and exploration of the future urbanist practices in which sustainability and circularity on a conceptualized larger scale. As such, it provides a speculative account of a future course of action to achieve urban sustainability and systemic circularity.
Circularity in Selected EU Countries: The Case of Construction and Demolition Industry
Authors: Dytianquin N , Gregersen-Hermans J , Kalogeras N , van Oorschot J , Ritzen M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The construction and demolition industry (CDI) became a priority area for the EU circular economy as the industry has the largest waste stream by volume. Most of the CDI waste, however, ends up in incinerators for energy production or as downcycled content for road surfaces despite its enormous potential for recycling and reuse. This study focuses on the application of circularity in the CDI. We recognize that the construction industry provides a prominent decision context for studying circularity since many scrap materials resulting from demolished buildings and houses could be recycled, reused and refurbished in newly constructed edifices from foundation to rooftops. Adopting the fundamental circularity concepts, the study intends to compare how selected countries as early adopters of circularity in the EU apply distinct concepts of the circular economy in the CDI. The study investigates the manner circularity in CDI is achieved in the selected countries using determinants for project success in integrating the three dimensions of sustainability to identify and determine best practices. These determinants are: 1) stage of circularity as described in the waste hierarchy and circularity ladder, 2) building design principles, 3) life cycle stages specific to construction, and 4) availability and extent of policy or strategy on circularity in the EU countries where the selected projects are located. The EU countries covered are: the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, and Denmark who are among the top 10 waste generators in Western Europe. The projects chosen are: (i) Superlocal project in the Netherlands; (ii) the Circular Retrofit Lab (CRL) project in Belgium; (iii) Open Air Library in Germany; (iv) Rehafutur Engineer’s House project in France; and (v) Upcycle Studios in Denmark.
A critical review on circular and regenerative urban areas
Authors: Gejer L , Gomes da Silva V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Circular economy (CE) has gained relevance as a new economic-environmental paradigm. Despite their key role in this model, managing cities towards CE has taken different meanings, approaches, concepts and methods. Therefore, this study aims to clarify circularity approaches to urban areas, by identifying main trends and exploring potential organization into a framework for policymakers and urban managers. We first conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to understand limits and divergences when spatially expressing circularity. Four approaches covering different possibilities regarding circularity in urban areas stood out: (i) specific flows within a circular city; (ii) flows integration for resource looping; (iii) planning the transition from linear to circular cities; and (iv) concepts of circular or regenerative urban areas. We then hypothesized that one of these concepts, the Cradle to Cradle (C2C) approach, embraces the multiplicity of quantitative and qualitative requisites needed for developing circular urban areas. Our contribution, in the second part of the paper, organizes the requisites and indicators raised during the SLR according to the C2C principles into a draft framework to enable optimization and integration of different flows with human activities to various urban and socioeconomic contexts.
Leadership of EU member States in building carbon footprint regulations and their role in promoting circular building design
Authors: Attia S , Santos M C , Al-Obaidy M , Baskar M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
European countries are working towards carbon neutrality of the building sector. Regulations and initiatives, including the European Green Deal, aim at promoting circular buildings and low carbon design. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the role of legislation in paving the way towards achieving the circularity of buildings design and construction. A systematic literature review is conducted to compare the current regulations in different EU member states that address carbon emissions and life cycle thinking to achieve circularity. The study aims to demonstrate how the low-carbon emissions regulations in leading countries can lead to making the construction sector’s circularity. The research is focused on five leading EU member states in low carbon buildings, including Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The study compares the performance indicators, metrics, and target thresholds found in the five selected states’ regulations and examines them across a circularity assessment framework developed earlier by the authors. This paper provides insights on low emission building regulations state-of-the-art. Moreover, it offers a better understanding of the relationship between low-carbon emissions regulations and building circularity. The article explains the role of the legislative landscape and its impact on circular building design practices. Key findings from the study will assist the European Commission to identify policy options to support the uptake of “Circular economy principles for buildings design” in European, national and local policies.
Assessment of the circularity and carbon neutrality of an office building: The case of’t Centrum in Westerlo, Belgium
Authors: Al-Obaidy M , Santos M C , Baskar M , Attia S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Circular building design is a concept that is gaining great interest from architects, construction professionals, and their clients but is still rarely adopted in practice. One of the earliest design decisions architects and developers should make to design a circular building is to determine the building’s construction system. The choice of constructive and structural systems, such as columns, beams, and slabs, is crucial to upgrade the reuse cycles in the future. Flexible construction systems can make it easier to dismantle the structures and recover, upgrade, modify, or transform building materials. Therefore, this paper assesses the carbon emission impacts of two construction systems for an office building in Belgium using life cycle assessment (LCA) and circularity criteria. One-Click LCA software was used for the calculations. Parametric analysis took place for two construction systems scenarios involving a steel structure and a timber structure. Life Cycle Assessment and comparisons of the various construction systems are made based on ISO 14040, 14044, and CEN/TC 350 standards with a focus on carbon neutrality. The results show that using local plant-based materials such as wood can drastically reduce office buildings’ carbon footprint. Based on the sensitivity analysis results, the overall global warming potential impact is mostly sensitive to the construction material’s weight and reuse and dismantling ability. This paper provides a better understanding of building structural systems; to inform architects about the circularity potential of different construction systems.
Kinetic study of key species and reactions of atmospheric pressure pulsed corona discharge in humid air
Authors: PENG Yongkang , CHEN Xiaoyue , DENG Yeqiang , LAN Lei , ZHAN Haoyu , PEI Xuekai , CHEN Jiahao , YUAN Yukuan , WEN Xishan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, we examined the key particles and chemical reactions that substantially influence plasma characteristics. In summarizing the chemical reaction model for the discharge process of N2–O2–H2O(g) mixed gases, 65 particle types and 673 chemical reactions were investigated. On this basis, a global model of atmospheric pressure humid air discharge plasma was developed, with a focus on the variation of charged particles densities and chemical reaction rates with time under the excitation of a 0–200 Td pulsed electric field. Particles with a density greater than 1% of the electron density were classified as key particles. For such particles, the top ranking generation or consumption reactions (i.e. where the sum of their rates was greater than 95% of the total rate of the generation or consumption reactions) were classified as key chemical reactions. On the basis of the key particles and reactions identified, a simplified global model was derived. A comparison of the global model with the simplified global model in terms of the model parameters, particle densities, reaction rates (with time), and calculation efficiencies demonstrated that both models can adequately identify the key particles and chemical reactions reflecting the chemical process of atmospheric pressure discharge plasma in humid air. Thus, by analyzing the key particles and chemical reaction pathways, the charge and substance transfer mechanism of atmospheric pressure pulse discharge plasma in humid air was revealed, and the mechanism underlying water vapor molecules’ influence on atmospheric pressure air discharge was elucidated.
Determinants and Trends of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Uptake in a National Cohort of US Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rane Madhura S , Kochhar Shivani , Poehlein Emily , You William , Robertson McKaylee M , Zimba Rebecca , Westmoreland Drew A , Romo Matthew L , Kulkarni Sarah G , Chang Mindy , Berry Amanda , Parcesepe Angela M , Maroko Andrew R , Grov Christian , Nash Denis ,   for the CHASING COVID Cohort Study Team
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We estimated the trends and correlates of vaccine hesitancy and its association with subsequent vaccine uptake among 5,458 adults in the United States. Participants belonged to the Communities, Households, and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology COVID (CHASING COVID) Cohort, a national longitudinal study. Trends and correlates of vaccine hesitancy were examined longitudinally in 8 interview rounds from October 2020 to July 2021. We also estimated the association between willingness to vaccinate and subsequent vaccine uptake through July 2021. Vaccine delay and refusal decreased from 51% and 8% in October 2020 to 8% and 6% in July 2021, respectively. Compared with non-Hispanic (NH) White participants, NH Black and Hispanic participants had higher adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for both vaccine delay (for NH Black, aOR = 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 2.7), and for Hispanic, 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.7)) and vaccine refusal (for NH Black, aOR = 2.5 (95% CI: 1.8, 3.6), and for Hispanic, 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.0)) in June 2021. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, compared with vaccine-willingness, was associated with lower odds of subsequent vaccine uptake (for vaccine delayers, aOR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.18; for vaccine refusers, aOR = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03 ), adjusted for sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 history. Vaccination awareness and distribution efforts should focus on vaccine delayers.
Evaluation of high-dose insulin/euglycemia therapy for suspected β-blocker or calcium channel blocker overdose following guideline implementation
Authors: Schult Rachel F , Nacca Nicholas , Grannell Tori L , Jorgensen Rachel M , Acquisto Nicole M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose
High-dose insulin/euglycemia (HDIE) is targeted therapy for β-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdose. A guideline using concentrated insulin infusions (20 units/mL), aggressive monitoring, and supportive recommendations was implemented. We sought to evaluate safety before and after HDIE guideline implementation and describe the patient population, insulin doses, supplemental dextrose, vasopressor use, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay, and mortality.

Methods
Retrospective review was performed of patients receiving HDIE before and after guideline implementation at an academic medical center and community hospital from March 2011 through December 2019. Information on patient and overdose demographics, ingestion data, vital signs, interventions, adverse events, and disposition was collected. Data are presented descriptively with comparisons using Mann-Whitney U analysis and Fisher’s exact tests.

Results
During the study period, 27 patients were treated with HDIE, 10 before guideline implementation (37%; mean [SD] initial insulin dose, 0.49 [0.35] units/kg/h; mean [SD] maximum insulin dose, 2.25 [3.29] units/kg/h; median [interquartile range] duration, 10 [5.5-18.75] hours) and 17 after guideline implementation (63%; mean [SD] initial insulin dose, 1.01 [0.34] units/kg/h; mean [SD] maximum insulin dose, 2.99 [5.05] unit/kg/h; median [interquartile range] duration, 16 [11.5-37] hours). Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and volume overload occurred in 80% vs 29% (P = 0.018), 40% vs 53% (P = 0.69), and 50% vs 65% (P = 0.69) of patients in the preguideline vs postguideline group, respectively. Most patients received an initial insulin bolus (85%; mean [SD], 70.3 [21.8] units, 0.9 [0.26] units/kg) and vasopressor infusion (85%). More postguideline patients received a dextrose infusion with a concentration of 20% or higher (93% vs 50%, P = 0.015). There were no differences in cardiac arrest, in-hospital mortality, or hospital or ICU length of stay between the groups.

Conclusion
Hypoglycemia was reduced using an HDIE guideline and concentrated insulin.
Home Economics: Sitcom Capitalism, Conservative Comedy, and Media Conglomeration in Post-Network Television
Authors: Marx Nick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article argues that conservative comedy has become a considerable cultural force in the service of not only achieving political outcomes, but also protecting the wealth and class privileges of America’s right-wing elite. It surveys the scholarly conversation on the politics of American sitcoms, noting how existing research has only provided a partial accounting of conservatism in television comedy. It expands the notion of conservative comedy by considering the sitcom Last Man Standing’s (LMS) place in post-network television, an industry increasingly driven by financialization, corporate consolidation, and the tendency to treat intellectual property—i.e., television shows themselves—as commodities. Finally, it examines several key episodes from LMS centered on property ownership, financial struggle, and precarious labor. The program works to normalize conservative ideologies about these subjects, seamlessly resolving their tensions by making the wisdom of the show’s patriarch and that of free market capitalism one and the same.
Optimization of synchronized frequency and voltage control for a distributed generation system using the Black Widow Optimization algorithm
Authors: Sadeghi Baran , Shafaghatian Nima , Alayi Reza , El Haj Assad Mamdouh , Zishan Farhad , Hosseinzadeh Hasan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A distributed generation network could be a hybrid power system that includes wind–diesel power generation based on induction generators (IGs) and synchronous generators (SGs). The main advantage of these systems is the possibility of using renewable energy in their structures. The most important challenge is to design the voltage-control loop with the frequency-control loop to obtain optimal responses for voltage and frequency deviations. In this work, the voltage-control loop is designed by an automatic voltage regulator. A linear model of the hybrid system has also been developed with coordinated voltage and frequency control. Dynamic frequency response and voltage deviations are compared for different load disturbances and different reactive loads. The gains of the SG and the static volt-ampere reactive compensator (SVC) controllers in the IG terminal are calculated using the Black Widow Optimization (BWO) algorithm to insure low frequency and voltage deviations. The BWO optimization algorithm is one of the newest and most powerful optimization methods to have been introduced so far. The results showed that the BWO algorithm has a good speed in solving the proposed objective function. A 22% improvement in time adjustment was observed in the use of an optimal SVC. Also, an 18% improvement was observed in the transitory values.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults in a young male following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection: a case report
Authors: Kaufmann Christoph C , Simon Alexander , Reinhart-Mikocki David , Publig Sabine , Huber Kurt , Freynhofer Matthias K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that may occur during or in the weeks following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. To date, only case reports and small case series have described typical findings and management of patients with MIS-A. The prevalence of MIS-A is largely unknown due to the lack of data.

Case summary
A 30-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with new-onset of fever, chest discomfort, macular exanthema, abdominal pain, mild dyspnoea, and coughing. The patient reported a mildly symptomatic recent coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Significantly increased markers of inflammation and a modest increase of cardiac troponin were found upon laboratory work-up at admission. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, the patient’s clinical status deteriorated continuously. Cardiac work-up, including echocardiography, coronary angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, was done and signs of acute myocarditis with mildly reduced left ventricular systolic function were found. The complex multi-organ symptom constellation facilitated the diagnosis of MIS-A following COVID-19 infection. Besides aspirin, intravenous, continuous hydrocortisone treatment was initiated, resulting in a prompt improvement of symptoms and clinical findings.

Discussion
We report a case of successfully treated MIS-A in the context of COVID-19, which further adds to the existing literature on this rare but clinically significant condition. Our case highlights the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to correctly diagnose this complex, multi-organ disease and enable fast and appropriate management of these high-risk patients.