bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet function disorder in women with heavy menstrual bleeding in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Jain Shuchi , Agrawal Nisha Rani , Tilak Vijai , Mohammad Ekhlak , Dash D. , Jain Madhu 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Platelet function disorder (PFD) is turning out to be a major cause of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in women. One should suspect for this entity and should look for it in all girls who have this issue since menarche to impart proper management.

Objectives:
This study was carried out to find the incidence of PFD in Patients with HMB referred to our tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Platelet aggregation in response to ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA), Adrenaline, adenosine diphosphate, and Collagen was studied in 50 women with HMB and in the equal number of age-matched healthy women. Bleeding time and Platelet count were also measured.

Results:
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) was detected in 5 and Bernard Soulier Syndrome (BSS) in 2 women with HMB. Macrothrombocytopenia was observed in BSS. RIPA was also significantly reduced in BSS but normal in GT. Coagulopathies should always be doubted in the presence of significant anemia. One should carry out the Platelet function studies when screening parameters like prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, von Willebrand factor, and factor VIII activity level are normal. Normal platelet count and morphology in addition suggest functional defects in platelets which can be detected by various aggregation studies, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and thromboelastography.

Conclusion:
The clinicians treating women with HMB should be aware of PFD as an important etiology and the platelet function should be studied in all women with HMB in a phase-wise manner in order not to miss the diagnosis and also to make it more cost-effective.
Community pharmacists’ management of self-limiting infections: a simulation study in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Mary Akpan Richard , Imo Udoh Emmanuel , Emediong Akpan Samuel , Cynthia Ozuluoha Chioma 
Published: August 2021

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially for treatment of self-limiting infections remains one of the major drivers of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Community pharmacists can contribute to reducing ABR by ensuring antibiotics are dispensed only when necessary.
Objective: To assess community pharmacists’ management of self-limiting infections.
Methods: A purposive sample of 75 pharmacies participated in the study. Each pharmacy was visited by an investigator and a trained simulated patient who mimicked symptoms of common cold and acute diarrhoea, respectively. Interactions between the simulated patient and pharmacist were recorded by the investigator in a data collection form after each visit. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. Ethics approval was obtained from the state Ministry of Health Research Ethics Committee.
Results: For common cold, 68% (51/75) of pharmacists recommended an antibiotic. Azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (43%, 24%, 20%, respectively) were the most frequently dispensed agents. For acute diarrhoea, 72% (54/75) of pharmacists dispensed one antibiotic, while 15% dispensed more than one antibiotic. The most frequently dispensed agent was metronidazole (82%), which was dispensed in addition to amoxicillin or tetracycline among pharmacists who dispensed more than one agent. In both infection scenarios, advice on dispensed antibiotics was ofered in 73% and 87% of the interactions, respectively.
Conclusion: This study shows high rate of inappropriate antibiotics dispensing among community pharmacists. There is need for improved awareness of antibiotic resistance through continuing education and training of community pharmacists. Furthermore, the inclusion of antibiotic resistance and stewardship in undergraduate pharmacy curriculum is needed.
Keywords: Antibiotics; pharmacists; common cold; acute diarrhoea; community pharmacy; patient simulation.
Prevalence and density of malaria parasitaemia amongst HIV Individuals in Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Daniel Jemikalajah Johnson , Oliseloke  Anie Clement , Oghenemaro  Enwa Felix 
Published: August 2021

Background: Malaria parasite has been observed to be a common infection in Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an increase malaria infection in adults.
Objective: This experimental study is sets to determine the prevalence and density of malaria parasitaemia in Warri com- munity, South-Southern Nigeria.
Methods and Results: A total of 600 participants were screened for Human immunodeficiency virus and malaria parasite using WHO systems two and Geimsa staining technique for thick and thin blood films and absolute parasite counts done respectively. The prevalence rate of 38% and 39% were obtained for malaria parasite infection among HIVSP and HIV/ span>SN respectively. The difference in malaria parasite infection was not statistically significant (P>0.05) between HIVSP and HIVSN. However, the mean parasite density in HIVSP was significant (P<0.05) when compared with HIVSN. The mean parasite densities of 2384 ± 747 and 1883 ± 645 were recorded for HIVSP and HIVSN respectively. The mean par- asite densities of 2385 ± 782 and 2383 ± 717 observed for males and females respectively showed no statistical significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study has shown a high prevalence of malaria parasite among the HIV infected subjects.
Keywords: Density; Malaria; HIV; prevalence; Nigeria.
Relationship between disease severity and folate status of children with sickle cell anaemia in Enugu, South East Nigeria
Authors: C Nnajekwu Uchenna , O Nnajekwu Chukwubike , O Onukwuli Vivian , A Uwaezuoke Ndubuisi , U Ezenwosu Osita , N Ikefuna Anthony , J Emodi Ifeoma 
Published: August 2021

Background: Repeated crises in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA), which is a manifestation of disease severity, results in depletion of their minimal tissue folate stores, with higher likelihood of folate deficiency. The study aimed to determine the relationship between disease severity and the folate status of children with SCA attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu.
Methods: This was a hospital based, cross-sectional study conducted between September 2018 and March 2019. One hundred participants were recruited, consisting of 50 children having sickle cell crisis and 50 age and gender matched hae- moglobin AA genotype controls. Relevant information was documented using a pretested questionnaire. Sickle cell severity score was determined using frequency of crisis, admissions and transfusions in the preceding one year, degree of liver and splenic enlargement, life-time cummulative frequency of specific complications of SCA, leucocyte count and haematocrit.
Results: Folate deficiency was observed in eight percent of the subjects and none of the controls. The difference was not significant (Fisher’s exact = 4.167, p=0.117). The odds of being folate deficient was 8.5 times more likely during anaemic crisis than in vaso-occlusive crisis, though not significant (95% C.I 0.05 – 89.750, p = 0.075). The mean SCA severity score was 8.06 ± 3.64, signifying a moderate SCA severity in the study population. There was a no relationship between folate status and severity of SCA (Fisher’s exact = 0.054, p = 0.949)
Conclusion: Folate status in children with SCA is not affected by their disease severity. Therefore, there may be no need for additional folate supplementation with increasing severity of sickle cell anaemia.
Keywords: Sickle cell anaemia; disease severity; folate status; children; Enugu.
Prevalence and correlates of substance use among undergraduates in a developing country
Authors: Mirian Aguocha Chinyere , Nwefoh Emeka 
Published: August 2021

Background: Psychoactive substance use is a major global public health issue. Use of psychoactive substances has been associated with negative consequences among students.
Objective: The study assessed the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychoactive substance use among un- dergraduate students in a Nigerian university.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 763 undergraduate students of Imo State Uni- versity, Owerri, Nigeria, recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics and pattern of psychoactive substance use were collected using a structured questionnaire.
Results: The lifetime rate of psychoactive substance use was 84.5%. Alcohol had the highest rate of lifetime (82.5%) and 12-month (61.1%) use. There was a similar rate of lifetime use of psychoactive substances among males (86.1%) and females (83.4%). Age (p<0.05) and place of residence (p<0.05) were significantly associated with lifetime psychoactive substance use. Catholics (OR:1.43; 1.03 – 1.99), whose friend (OR:1.94; 1.39 – 2.71), roommate (OR:3.06; (1.62 – 5.78) or broth- er (OR:1.22; 0.77 – 1.93) uses psychoactive substances were significantly more likely to have used substances in the past 12-months.
Conclusion: There is a high rate of psychoactive substance use among the students. Age, religion, place of residence, family and peer use of substances are important determinants of psychoactive substance use.
Keywords: Substance use; undergraduates; Nigeria.
Bacterial vaginosis, the leading cause of genital discharge among women presenting with vaginal infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: V Majigo Mtebe , Kashindye Paschal , Mtulo Zachariah , Joachim Agricola 
Published: August 2021

Background: Pathological vaginal discharge is a common complaint of women in reproductive age worldwide caused by various agents. The prevalence and etiologic agents vary depending on the population studied. Management of vaginal discharge in low-income countries, typically depend on the syndromic approach, which limits understanding the specific causative agents. We determined the proportion of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis among women with vaginal discharge at a regional referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between June and August of 2017 among nonpregnant women at Amana Regional Referral Hospital. Experienced staff performed physical examination to establish a clinical diagnosis, and collection of the high vaginal swab for microscopic examination. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess the characteristics of study participants and the proportion of vaginal infections.
Results: A total of 196 samples were collected, of all, 128 (65.3%) had either bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomo- niasis. Bacterial vaginosis was the leading infection at 33.2%, followed by candidiasis (19.4%) and trichomoniasis (13.3%). Laboratory confirmed vaginal infection were generally found more in age below 25, unmarried, and those employed or petty business.
Conclusion: The proportion of bacterial vaginosis in women with vaginal discharge was relatively higher than others, and the presence of vaginal infection relate to socio-demographic characteristics. Further advanced studies are needed to understand the potential role of aetiologic agents in causing vaginal infections.
Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis; vaginal discharge; genital infection.
Exploring unsafe sexual practices among truck drivers at Meerut District, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pundhir Ashish , Shukla Arvind , Dhanesh Goel Akhil , Pundhir Pooja , Kumar Gupta Manoj , Parashar Pawan , Mohan Varshney Amit 
Published: August 2021

Background: Despite implementation of HIV prevention programmes for truck drivers in India, unsafe sex behavior among truck drivers has been documented. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess knowledge about HIV Transmission and modes of prevention, pattern of condom use with high risk partners and explore the practice of unsafe sex and its risk factors among truck drivers. Methods: This exploratory cross-sectional study design was conducted on a recruited convenient sample of 100 truck drivers above 18 years from March to May 2015. Binary logistic regression was used to compute unadjusted odds ratio [95% Confidence Interval] for establishing association of risk factors with unsafe sex. Results: Overall, only 7% had complete knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention. 54% of truck drivers have sex with a high risk partner (commercial sexual worker or men having sex with men) and thirty-eight percent reported unsafe sexual practices due to inconsistent condom use with them. The various risk factors found significantly associated with unsafe sex were mean age of first intercourse (OR= 0.92, 95% CI: 0.75 – 0.97), access to pornography (OR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.8 – 10.7) and conuming psychoactive substance before sex (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 1.09 – 15.02). Conclusion: Socio-demographic, occupational factors, pornography access and consuming psychoactive substances seems to influence the sexual behaviour of truckers.
Keywords: Unsafe sex; truck drivers; psychoactive substance; HIV; AIDS.
Effects of seasonal variation and locations on microbial load in sediment and water of a polluted ecosystem
Authors: Okereke A.N. , Ike-Obasi J.C. 
Published: August 2021

Seasonal effects on microbial load of sediment and water at different locations along Bonny Estuary of Niger Delta was investigated for a period of 12 months. All analyses followed standard procedure. Results revealed that total fungi counts in sediment and water at different locations were not significantly different (p > 0.05) at both wet and dry seasons while hydrocarbon utilizing fungi showed significant differences (p < 0.05) at both seasons in both sediment and water samples. During the wet season, total faecal counts ranged from 5.0 to 10.0 x 105 CFU/g for sediment and 4.0 to 7.0x 105 CFU/g in water. In dry season, the concentration of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the sediment ranged between 0.1 x 105 CFU/ml/g and 8.0 x 105 CFU/ml/g in wet season while in dry season, the concentration in water ranged between 0.1 x 105 CFU/ml/g and 6.0 x 105 CFU/ml/g at Abuloma. At Okwujagu, total heterotrophic bacteria counts in sediment ranged from 0.1 to 8.0 x 105 CFU/g in dry season. This was higher than the range 0.1 to 6.8.0 x 105 CFU/ recorded in Abuloma, Okwujagu and Slaughter at dry season. The highest vibrio counts in water (11.0 x 105 CFU/ml) for wet and (10.0 x 105 CFU/ml) for dry seasons were recorded at Slaughter. In Oginiba, the feacal count recorded 3.0 x 105 CFU/ml in water during the wet season and 2.0 x 105 CFU/ml for dry season. Generally, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the bacterial concentrations in both sediment and water. This showed that different seasons favour the growth of certain microbial types.
Estrategias didácticas virtuales acogidas por el docente universitario en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Girón Ovalle Olinda Ninet 
Published: August 2021

Este artículo proviene de la investigación que se realizó a raíz del distanciamiento social que provocó la pandemia y con ello el cierre de los establecimientos educativos, situación que indujo a la educación remota de emergencia o virtual, lo cual dio continuidad al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. En este sentido, El objetivo de esta investigación fue: Describir las estrategias didácticas virtuales adoptadas por los docentes a raíz del COVID-19 en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala en el año 2020. Se utilizó un enfoque mixto. Para la fase cualitativa se trabajó un diseño descriptivo no experimental transversal, se tomó como muestra aleatoria simple a docentes y estudiantes de la Facultad, quienes participaron mediante la técnica de una encuesta, y para la fase cualitativa se adecuó un diseño fenomenológico, se eligió una muestra no probabilística con participación voluntaria y quedó constituida por doce coordinadores de curso, quienes participaron en la técnica de entrevista estructurada.
El hallazgo de la investigación indicó, que, dentro de la planificación, se centraron en los contenidos planificados y el cumplimiento de éstos. Dentro de las estrategias de enseñanza se tomó en cuenta la participación individual, grupal y colaborativa, se planificó la clase y se desarrollaron los temas en presentaciones virtuales, se apoyaron de herramientas tecnológicas, como plataformas educativas y redes sociales. En conclusión, se dio un traslado de los contenidos, de la modalidad presencial, a la modalidad virtual.
PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TENTANG POTENSI BAHAYA MEROKOK DAN BAHAN ADITIF MAKANAN PADA KOMUNITAS KELOMPOK KHUSUS LANSIA DI PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WREDA BUDI LUHUR KABUPATEN BANTUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Jati Marius Agung Sasmita 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat di Panti Sosial Tresna Wreda BudiLuhur. Kegiatan yang dilakukan berada di kawasan Kabupten Bantul, provinsi Daerah IstimewaYogyakarta. Tujuan diadakannya kegiatan ini yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia tentangpotensi bahaya merokok dan bahan aditif makanan contoh aspartam, borax, formalin danRhodaminJumlah peserta penyuluhan 42 orang (70 %) hal ini menunjukkan sebagian besar penghuniBalai atau Panti dari yang direncanakan sejumlah 60 orang, mengikuti penyuluhan tentangPotensi Bahaya Merokok dan Bahan Aditif Makanan. Ada 3 lansia yang aktif (Pak Darmo, PakHardjo dan Bu Fatimah) mengajukan pertanyaan dalam kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan tentangtentang Potensi Bahaya Merokok dan Bahan Aditif Makanan.Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berupa penyuluhan kesehatan tentang tentang PotensiBahaya Merokok dan Bahan Aditif Makanan ini dapat disimpulkan mampu meningkatkanpengetahuan lansia potensi Bahaya Merokok dan Bahan Aditif Makanan selama di panti maupundi luar panti Jompo
ANALISIS LINGKUNGAN KERJA DENGAN PERILAKU HAND HYGINE PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT DKT.TK.III.04.06.03. DR. R. SOETARTO YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Wulandari Dewi Ariyani , Uminingsih Triana 
Published: August 2021

AbstrakInfeksi nosokomial merupakan salah satu penyebab meningkatnya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas di rumah sakit. Salah satu parameter pelayanan kesehatan yang baik di rumah sakit adalah terkendalinya infeksi nosokomial. Perawat adalah tenaga kesehatan mayoritas ada di lingkungan rumah sakit serta memiliki interaksi yang lebih sering pada pasien dan beresiko menularkan infeksi. Upaya untuk memutus rantai transmisi infeksi adalah dengan menjaga kebersihan tangan (hand hygine). Kondisi lingkungan kerja memberikan peranan penting terhadap baik buruknya kinerja yang dihasilkan. Faktor eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi adalah lingkungan kerja yang meliputi motivasi, beban kerja, fasilitas, supervisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lingkungan kerja dengan perilaku hand hygiene perawat di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit TK.III. 04. 06. 03. dr R Soetarto Yogyakarta. Penelitian dengan metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, sampel yang diteliti menggunakan teknik sampel purposive dengan jumlah sampel 40 orang perawat. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji chi square. Dari hasil dioeroleh 32 responden (80%) yang berpendapat lingkungan kerja mendukung dengan 27 reponden (84,4%) perilakuhand hygiene baik dan sebanyak 5 responden (15,6%) dengan penerapan hand hygiene yang cukup baik; sedangkan 8 responden (20% ) yang berpendapat lingkungan kerja cukup mendukung dengan 1 reponden (12,5% )perilakuhand hygiene baik dan sebanyak 7 responden (87,5%) dengan penerapan hand hygiene yang cukup baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji chi- square diperoleh hasil nilai p value adalah 0.000< 0.005, artinya ada hubungan yang signifikan antara lingkungan kerja dengan perilaku hand hygiene perawat di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit TK.III. 04. 06. 03. dr R Soetarto Yogyakarta. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara lingkungan kerja dengan perilaku hand hygiene perawat di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit TK.III. 04.06.03. dr R Soetarto Yogyakarta.
REVITALISASI PROGRAM PEMBINAAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK ) DALAM MENCEGAH PENULARAN HIV/AIDS
Authors: Rohani Tuti , Istiqomah Arifah 
Published: August 2021

INTISARILatar Belakang :Revitalisasi Program Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga(Pkk)Dalam MencegahPenularan Hiv/AidsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) merupakan virus yang menyebabkan Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV menimpa kehidupan anak-anak dan keluarga di seluruh dunia. Dilihat dari jumlah penderita AIDS berdasarkan pekerjaan/status dari bulan Januari sampai Maret 2012 sebanyak 94 orang ibu rumah tangga menduduki peringkat pertama. Perempuan seringkali tidak tahu status HIV dan AIDS pasangannya dan tidak tahu kalau dirinya sudah terinfeksi HIV dan AIDS. Perempuan dekat dengan organisasi PKK sehingga organisasi ini dijadikan sebagai fasilitas dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS.Saat ini Program PKK hanya berfokus pada kesehatan secara general saja. Bentuk pendidikan yang diberikan secara komprehensif mulai dari pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS sampai dengan proses pendampingan kepada keluarga dan masyarakat sekitar dalam mencegah penularan penyakit tersebut. Sehingga perempuan mampu berkontribusi dalam penurunan angka kejadian HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian yaitu pretetst posttest with control group design. Penelitian di Kecamatan Kretek Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta pada tahun 2014. Populasi ibu PKK di Kecamatan Kretek Bantul Yogyakarta yang terdiri dari lima desa.Teknik cluster random sampling yaitu 11 dusun. Jumlah sampel 40 orang yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji beda. menggunakan uji beda independent t testBerdasarkan hasil penelitian nilai p =0,000 pada kelompok perlakuan dan p =0,003 pada kelompok kontrol yang berarti ada perbedaan pada kelompok perlakuan yang mendapatkan ceramah dan pendampingan dan kelompok kontrol yang mendapatkan ceramah saja Kesimpulan: Dengan pemberian perlakuan ceramah dan pendampingan ibu akan lebih intensif meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG VITAMIN A DENGAN PERILAKU PEMBERIAN VITAMIN A PADA ANAK USIA 6-59 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MIRAN PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Febriani Heni , Ernawati Yuli , Rumadan Suhatriani 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackground : Vitamin A is helpful to reduce mortality and morbidity, in addition to eye health , vitamin A may increase the body's resistance to infectious diseases such as measles, diarrhea and ARI (acute pernafsan tract infections).Objective: Knowing the relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers about vitamin A to the behavior of giving vitamin A to children aged 6-59 months in CempakaPuskesmasPosyanduMiran, Maluku province.Methods: This study menggunakanjenispenilitian quantitative and cross- sectional study design. The study population was all the mothers who have children aged 6-59 months in osyanduCempaka many as 57people.Results: The level of knowledge of the mother is in enough categories, and behaviors of vitamin A is in both categories, the data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. The level of knowledge is in the category of pretty much 22 (61.1%), well as much as 8 (22.2%) and less than 6 (16.7). Behavior Award Vitamin A is in good category were 26 (72.2%) and were not good as 10 (27.8%). The results of the analysis of the two variables showed no association with the power r = 0,646 with significancy value on the results show (P = 0.00 <0:01).Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers about vitamin A and vitamin A peberian behavior in children aged 6-59 months in Cempaka Puskesmas Posyandu Miran, Maluku Province.