bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WALI PEMASYARAKATAN DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN [LAPAS] NARKOTIKA IIA CIPINANG DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF PEKERJAAN SOSIAL KOREKSIONAL
Authors: Firdaus Ismet 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The social guardian has a role in rehabilitating the behavior of prisoners or Correctional Assistance Citizens (WBP), in this paper the work of community trustees is viewed from the perspective of Corrective Social Work. The results show that the stages, roles and competencies of correctional caregivers carry out the rehabilitation stages of the therapeutic community model, which is not entirely in accordance with the perspective of corrective work, especially in the aspects of values and skills. Meanwhile, in the aspect of role, the Community Guardian acts as a counselor, broker educator, facilitator and therapist. This roles has not been maximized because the ratio factor beetwen staff and clienis is not ideal. Beside that, in educational competence is inadequate because in the correctional institution there is no have corrective social worker and psychologists are also limited. This implies that social rehabilitation in LAPAS is not maximal. In this research, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights should immediately add correctional guardians with a background in psychologists and corrective social workers who have competencies in accordance with the needs of the Cipinang IIA Narcotics Prison. Abstrak. Wali Wali kemasyarakatan mempunyai peran merehabilitasi perilaku narapidana atau “Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan (WBP)”, pada tulisan ini pekerjaan Wali kemasyarakatan ditinjau dari perspektif Pekerjaan Sosial Koreksional. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tahapan, peran dan kompetensi wali pemasyarakatan menjalan tahapan rehabilitasi model teraputic community, yang tidak sepenuhnya sesuai dengan perspektik pekerjaan koreksinal, terutama pada aspek nilai dan keterampilan. Sedangkan pada aspek peran, Wali Kemasyarakatan berperan sebagai konselor, educator broker, fasilitator dan terapis. Peran-peran tersebut belum maksimal, karena faktor rasio antara Jumlah Wali Pemasyarakatan dengan jumlah Warga Binaan Sosial tidak ideal. Di samping itu, kompetensi pendidikannya belum memadai karena di lembaga pemasyarakatan tersebut tidak ada seorang pun pekerja sosial koreksional dan Psikolog juga terbatas. Hal ini berimplikasi pada rehabilitasi sosial di LAPAS tersebut menjadi tidak maksimal. Penelitian ini pihak Kementerian Hukum dan HAM harus segera menambah wali pemasyarakatan dengan latar belakang psikolog dan pekerja sosial koreksional yang memiliki kompetensi sesuai dengan kebutuhan LAPAS Narkotika IIA Cipinang.
Comparison of Manual and Automated Sepsis Screening Tools in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Eisenberg Matthew , Freiman Eli , Capraro Andrew , Madden Kate , Monuteaux Michael C. , Hudgins Joel , Harper Marvin 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:To compare the performance and test characteristics of an automated sepsis screening tool with that of a manual sepsis screen in patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED).METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of encounters in a pediatric ED over a 2-year period. The automated sepsis screening algorithm replaced the manual sepsis screen 1 year into the study. A positive case was defined as development of severe sepsis or septic shock within 24 hours of disposition from the ED. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and positive and negative likelihood ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each.RESULTS:There were 122 221 ED encounters during the study period and 273 cases of severe sepsis. During year 1 of the study, the manual screen was performed in 8910 of 61 026 (14.6%) encounters, resulting in the following test characteristics: sensitivity of 64.6% (95% CI 54.2%–74.1%), specificity of 91.1% (95% CI 90.5%–91.7%), PPV of 7.3% (95% CI 6.3%–8.5%), and NPV of 99.6% (95% CI 99.5%–99.7%). During year 2 of the study, the automated screen was performed in 100% of 61 195 encounters, resulting in the following test characteristics: sensitivity of 84.6% (95% CI 77.4%–90.2%), specificity of 95.1% (95% CI 94.9%–95.2%), PPV of 3.7% (95% CI 3.4%–4%), and NPV of 99.9% (95% CI 99.9%–100%).CONCLUSIONS:An automated sepsis screening algorithm had higher sensitivity and specificity than a widely used manual sepsis screen and was performed on 100% of patients in the ED, ensuring continuous sepsis surveillance throughout the ED stay.
The small-scale variation of herb-layer community structure in a riparian mixed forest
Authors: Zhukova Y. O. , Yorkina N. V. , Budakova V. S. , Kunakh O. M. 
Published: January 2021

The ground vegetation layer is the most diverse plant community in forest ecosystems. We have shown the role of spatial variables, soil properties and overstorey structure in spatial variation of the herb-layer community in a riparian mixed forest . The research was conducted in the "Dnipro-Orils’kiy" Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The research polygon was located in the forest in the floodplain of the River Protich, which is a left tributary of the River Dnipro. Plant abundance was quantified by measuring cover within an experimental polygon. The experimental polygon consisted of 7 transects, each comprising 15 test points. The distance between the rows in the site was 3 m. At the site we established a plot of 45 × 21 m, with 105 subplots of 3 × 3 m organized in a regular grid. A list of vascular plant species was composed for each 3 × 3 m subplot along with visual estimates of species cover projection. The plant community was represented by 43 species, of which 18.6% were phanerophytes, 39.5% were hemicryptophytes, 9.3% were therophytes, 7.0% were geophytes. An overall test of random labelling revealed the total nonrandom distribution of the tree stems within the site. The species-specific test of random labelling showed the nonrandom segregated distribution of Acer tataricum, Pyrus communis, Quercus robur, and Ulmus laevis. Crataegus monogyna and Euonymus europaeus were distributed randomly. The nearest neighbour of Acer tataricum was less likely to be Ulmus laevis. There was no direct spatial connection between Acer tataricum and other trees. Crataegus monogyna, Pyrus communis, Quercus robur and Euonymus europaeus were not segregated from all other species. The nearest neighbour of Ulmus laevis was less likely to be Acer tataricum. Constrained correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied as ordination approach. The forward selection procedure allowed us to select 6 soil variables which explain 28.3% of the herb-layer community variability. The list of the important soil variables includes soil mechanical impedance (at the depth 0–5, 30–35, 75–80, and 95–10 cm), soil moisture, and soil bulk density. The variation explained by pure spatial variables accounted for 11.0 %. The majority of the tree-distance structured variation in plant community composition was broad-scaled. The spatial scalograms were left-skewed asymmetric. Significant relationship was found between the pure spatial component of the community variation and a number of phytoindicator estimations, most important of which were the variability of damping and humidity. Tree stand was obseerved to be a considerable factor structuring both the herb-layer community and spatial variation of the physical properties of soil.
PROBLEMS OF TOLERANCE/INTOLERANCE IN THE POLITICAL SPHERE OF ESTONIA AND LATVIA
Authors: Khoma Nataliya M. 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to study the problems of intolerance in the Young Democracies of the EU on the example of Estonia and Latvia. The article is prepared on the basis of methodologies of neo-institutionalism, axiological (value) approach and comparative method. It has been proven that at the institutional level in Estonia and Latvia there is an understanding of the importance of preventing and combating intolerance. At the same time, in practice in these states there are manifestations of intolerance. An urgent problem is the rise of hate speech in political discourse. Tolerance towards members of sexual minorities remains acute, especially in Latvia. There has been some progress by Estonia in combating intolerance with regard to legalization for same-sex couples in civil partnerships. It is noted that the level of intolerance of Estonian society is significantly influenced by the political course of the ruling party EKRE. The author of the article argues that the voting of a significant number of Estonians and Latvians for parties that support anti-Semitic, xenophobic, homophobic, neo-racism, misogynistic ideas, shows the lack of stability of liberal-democratic values in the political and legal culture of the population. The state policy of the analyzed Baltic countries on combating intolerance covers only a part of the problems, and a number of others are silenced or openly ignored. The legal framework of Estonia and Latvia is not fully in line with EU law. Some EU recommendations on minimizing situations conducive to the spread of intolerant practices have not been implemented by Estonia and Latvia. As the range of problems of the quality of democracy in the EU countries has been steadily expanding in the last decade, their study remains a relevant area for political science. The article is theoretical in type using empirical data.
The Way of Entropy: from Lagrangian Modelling to Thermal Engineering
Authors: Serpa Nilo , Fernandes Gisele Alves 
Published: January 2021

<p>This article discusses the concept of entropy in an alternative thermodynamic view, demonstrating dialectically that the reversibility illustrated in common laboratory practice is only a local technical effect resulting from anthropic processes that slow down the irreversible advance of the disorder. Then, negative entropy is only a fiction stemming from the imaginationist idealism. The Lagrangian formalism is applied from the introduction of the idea of temporal confinement of thermal energy states, with time being interpreted as the basis of an evolutionary variable. The acceleration of entropy is formally presented independently of statistical mechanics.</p><p><br /><strong>Key words</strong>: thermodynamics, entropy, entropy acceleration, irreversibility.</p><p>=================================================================</p><p>O presente artigo discute o conceito de entropia numa visão termodinâmica alternativa, demonstrando dialeticamente que a reversibilidade ilustrada na prática laboratorial comum é apenas um efeito técnico local decorrente de processos antrópicos que desaceleram o avanço irreversível da desordem. Dessa forma, entropia negativa é uma ficção decorrente do idealismo imaginacionista. O formalismo Lagrangeano é aplicado a partir da introdução da ideia de confinamento temporal dos estados de energia térmica, com o tempo sendo interpretado como base de uma variável evolutiva. A aceleração da entropia é formalmente apresentada de modo independente da mecânica estatística.</p><p><br /><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: termodinâmica, entropia, aceleração da entropia, irreversibilidade.</p>
Revisão e Implementação de Soluções Analíticas para a Determinação da Pressão em Poços de Petróleo
Authors: Cariello Igor Caetano , Honório Junior Paulo de Tarço , De Souza Grazione , Souto Helio Pedro Amaral 
Published: January 2021

<p>A Análise de Testes de Poços é um ramo da Engenharia de Reservatórios no qual<br />empregamos dados de pressão de poço a partir de testes de produção/injeção de fluido em conjunto com modelos físico-matemáticos para caracterizar o sistema poço-reservatório, usando problemas inversos. Nessas situações, aplicamos amplamente soluções analíticas e semianalíticas do modelo físico-matemático que descreve o fluxo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo é 1) realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre algumas das soluções analíticas clássicas para determinação da pressão no poço produtor e 2) implementar os códigos numéricos para a criação de uma biblioteca computacional, proporcionando as soluções analíticas voltadas para a determinação da pressão em poços produtores de petróleo. Os sistemas poço-reservatório estudados possuem um poço vertical e levam em consideração os efeitos de condições de contorno, a estocagem na coluna de produção do poço, dano à formação, períodos de fluxo e estática, bem como a presença de fraturas naturais. Obtivemos as soluções analíticas usando a transformada de Laplace e uma inversão numérica, utilizando o algoritmo Stehfest, para calcular a variação de pressão ao longo do tempo.</p><p><br /><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Soluções Analíticas, Transformada de Laplace Inversa, Tranformada de Laplace, Algoritmo de Stehfest, Análise de Teste de Poço.</p><p>===================================================================</p><p>Well Testing Analysis is a branch of Reservoir Engineering, in which we<br />employ well pressure data from production tests/fluid injection in conjunction with physical-mathematical models to characterize the well-reservoir system, using inverse problems. In these situations, we widely used analytical and semi-analytical solutions of the physical-mathematical model that describes the flow. In this context, the objective of this work is to 1) carry out a bibliographic review on some of the classic analytical solutions for determining the pressure in the producing well and 2) implement the numerical codes for the creation of a computational library, providing the analytical solutions aimed at determining pressure in oil-producing wells. The well-reservoir systems with a vertical well take into account the boundary effects, wellbore storage, formation damage, drawdown and buildup test analysis, and the presence of natural fractures. We obtain the analytical solutions using the Laplace transform and a numerical inversion, using the Stehfest algorithm, to calculate the pressure variation in the time domain.</p><p><br /><strong>Key words</strong>: Analytical Solutions, Inverve Laplace Transform, Laplace Transform, Stehfest Algorithm, Well Testing Analysis.</p>
RISK FACTORS OF UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION AMONG PEOPLE IN SULAIMANI CITY ACCORDING TO THE HYPERTENSION GUIDELINE OF AHA/ACC 2017
Authors: Karem Omed , Abdulrahman Zana , Ahmad Farman 
Published: January 2021

Background
Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality globally, which accounts for nearly half of the CVD events. A striking change has happened in the diagnosis of hypertension and its management after the introduction of the 2017 hypertension guideline by the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA).
Objectives
To detect risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension according to ACC/AHA 2017 Guideline.
Patients and Methods
A cross-sectional study conducted at Ali Kamal outpatient clinic, a total of 282 uncontrolled hypertensive patients were collected and evaluated for risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension, including gender, age, body mass index & other variables.
Results
A total of 282 patients were included in this study.The mean ± SD age was 55.4 ± 12.5 (ranged from 30 to 84) years and around 68.4 % (n= 193) were females. A high percentage of 77.3% were living in rented houses. Their mean BMI was 28.4 ± 4 kg/m2 (ranged from 19.5 to 51.9). Minority of participants.13.5% (n=38), had normal body mass index, 49.6% (n=140) were on triple antihypertensive therapy. The duration of hypertension was less than 10 years in 45 % (n=127).48% (n=136) of the patients were taking the medications from mixed sources (governmental and private sector). The mean DBP of the patients was 87.7±8.4 mm Hg, while the mean SBP was 147±15.4 mmHg and 96.5% (n=272) of the patients were adherent to the medications.
Conclusion
Hypertension is a major risk factor for CAD; every patient with uncontrolled hypertension must be evaluated for any associated comorbidity, and strongly advised against smoking and obesity especially with advanced age.
RELATION OF BODY MASS INDEX AND DURATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES IN SULAIMANI TEACHING HOSPITALS
Authors: Karim Sanaa , Ali Kosar 
Published: January 2021

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a gradually developing illness including the pulmonary parenchyma or airways (or both) causing airflow obstruction. It is a progressive disease with various substantial extrapulmonary findings that may add suffering to the patients.
Objectives
This study aims to find out the relation of Body Mass Index and duration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Sulaimani Teaching Hospitals.
Patients and Methods
A cross sectional study, one hundred patients who were previously diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease participated in the study. The study was carried out during eight months (from 1st August 2018 to 1st March 2019) in Shahid Hemin and Shar Teaching Hospitals. The details of socio-demographic and clinical features with Body Mass Index and duration were analyzed. The questionnaire was filled out by direct interview. Data analyzed was performed using SPSS software version 22.0 and P-value less than 0.05 considered as significant.
Results
The mean age was 60.14±13.1 years, 68% of them were male. Smoking was present in most cases. The majority of cases were obese (36%). There was a significant relationship between the duration of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and body mass index (P-value =0.008).
Conclusion
Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between the duration of COPD and BMI. There is a significant relationship between age and duration of COPD. There is a positive relationship between smoking and duration of COPD.
USE OF PROPOFOL AS INTUBATION AID FOR CHILDREN ANESTHETIZED WITH SEVOFLURANE
Authors: Sadeq Sami , Marouf Amanj , Khudadad Amir 
Published: January 2021

Background
Use of muscle relaxants for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients been associated with significant side effects and complications during general anesthesia. Many anesthetic drug combinations have been used to facilitate intubation without the use of relaxants.
Objectives
To compare the efficacy of three different doses of Propofol to obtain optimum intubating conditions.
Patients and Methods
One hundred and four pediatric patients enrolled in our study after ethical committee approval and written parental consent. Patients were belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status classes (I and II), aged from 18 months to 5 years, and were scheduled for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Patients were pre-medicated with midazolam 0.2 mg/kg and ketamine 3 mg/kg 15-30 minutes before induction orally. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group I (control group) did not receive Propofol, while Group II, Group III, and Group IV received (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg of intravenous Propofol respectively). Cough, movement of the limb, tachycardia and smooth intubation condition had been recorded during intubation.
Results
Cough, movement of the limbs, tachycardia were mostly reported among the control group (100%, 74%, 43%) respectively. While smooth intubation condition was mostly among the group IV. 1mg/kg Propofol abolished cough response. 2mg/kg Propofol abolished movement of the limbs. 3 mg/kg Propofol was superior to 2 mg/kg Propofol in decreasing tachycardia response and smooth intubation condition.
Conclusion
Propofol in a dose of 3 mg/Kg I.V. is an excellent adjuvant drug for smooth intubation in children anesthetized with Sevoflurane.
Retention Evaluation of PEEK Telescopic Attachment in Two Implants Supported Palateless Maxillary Overdenture. An In-vitro Study
Authors: Qadir Balen , Othman Kawan 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different positions of two dental implants with polyether ether ketone (PEEK) telescopic attachment on the Retention of palateless maxillary overdenture.
Methods: Three edentulous maxillary models were fabricated from cold-cure polymethyl methacrylate resin. Each Model has received two implants as follows: Model 1 (one in each canine region), Model 2 (in right canine and left first premolar area), and Model 3 (in right canine and left second premolar area). One Palateless maxillary denture was constructed over each Model. Ready-made PEEK telescope attachments corresponding to implant abutments were embedded in the inner surface of these overdentures. Initial anterior, posterior, and central retention values of overdentures were estimated and compared with the Retention after 540 cycles of insertion and removal using a digital force gauge.
Results: The highest initial anterior retention value was recorded with Model 1, followed by Model 2 and then Model 3 (8.080, 7.460, and 6.980 N), respectively. On the other hand, the highest posterior and central retention values were recorded for Model 3 (11.060 and 10.680 N), and the lowest value was with Model 1 (9.18 and 9.660 N). The highest loss of secondary retention value was recorded with central retention value (24%), then anterior retention value (19%), and the lowest was recorded with posterior retention value (13%).
Conclusions: The implant location and distribution affect the retention value of palateless maxillary overdenture. Continuous insertion and removal of the prosthesis for daily hygiene practice lead to decreases in the retention values.
Root Canal System and Morphology of Mandibular Second Molar Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

Objective: As human 2nd molar teeth demonstrate considerable anatomic complexities and abnormalities in the number of roots and root canals, this study aimed to determine and investigate the root canal system of the mandibular 2nd molar teeth of a sample using cone-beam computed tomography. Variation can be found among different ethnic backgrounds. However, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images eliminate the superimposition of anatomic structures.
Methods: A total of 350 CBCTs were examined in this study. The analysis was conducted using the GALILEOS Viewer computer software program equipped with a disk containing the CBCT data. The Vertucci classification was used to categorize the data and the chi-square test to compare age groups, gender, and mouth sides.
Results: Twenty-one two-handed CBCTs met the study criteria. Mandibular 2nd molar teeth were examined, and type 2 canal configuration was the most prevalent in the mesial root (57.1%), whereas type 1 canal configuration was the most prevalent in the distal canal (96.5%). Gender had no significant effect on the root canals' configuration except for the distal root of the right side. In contrast, age had a significant effect on root canal type, except for the right mesial root. There was a strong correlation between root canal types on the right and left sides.
Conclusions: Type 1 and 2 root canal types were most prevalent in the distal and mesial root canal. Age was found to affect root canal type, and a correlation between right and left side root canal types was detected.