bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a standardized protocol for the management of diabetes insipidus in pediatric neurosurgical patients
Authors: Mak Daniel , Schaller Alexandra L. , Storgion Stephanie A. , Lahoti Amit 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a known complication following surgical resection of a suprasellar mass. There are limited data analyzing the outcomes of a standardized protocol for the management of postoperative DI in the pediatric population. We sought to fill this gap and hypothesized that utilizing a standardized protocol for fluid management (3-bag system) would reduce serum sodium fluctuations in the postoperative period after suprasellar surgery.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed. Patients were identified with the following criteria: age ≤ 18 years, undergoing a surgical procedure for suprasellar mass that also had postoperative DI. The primary outcome was the variability in serum sodium during the first 48 h and between 48 and 120 h postoperatively.

Results
There were 21 encounters pre-protocol and 22 encounters post-protocol for neurosurgical procedures. Use of the standardized protocol was associated with a lower range of sodium within 48 h postoperatively (p=0.065) and 83% lower odds of hypernatremia (Na>150 mmol/L) within 48 h postoperatively (CI 0.039–0.714) after controlling for age, gender, and prior DI diagnosis. History of DI conferred a lower risk of hypernatremia as well as less sodium fluctuation within 48 h postoperatively. Younger patients, those <9.7 years of age were associated with increased risk of hyponatremia and greater sodium fluctuations during the postoperative period.

Conclusions
In patients with postoperative DI after suprasellar surgery, using a standardized protocol for fluid management (3-bag system) appears to reduce serum sodium variability in the first 48 h after surgery.
Subcutaneous regular insulin use for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis in resource limited setting
Authors: Yismaw Bereket F. , Leulseged Tigist W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The standard recommendation of insulin therapy for patients with DKA is the administration of slow continuous intravenous (IV) regular insulin. Currently subcutaneous insulin is being recommended as an alternative treatment of DKA in mild and moderate cases in resource-limited settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of six-hourly subcutaneous regular insulin use for the treatment of DKA among children with type one diabetes mellitus.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 224 DKA episodes which occurred in 161 children who were treated at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from November 2015 to November 2020.

Results
Majority (68.8%) of the episodes occurred in newly diagnosed cases. The median time for urinary ketones clearance was 24 h. DKA severity was found to be the only significant predictor of time to DKA resolution. Only 13 (5.8%) were treated at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and 27 (12.1%) developed complications during management. No death or neurological complications observed.

Conclusions
The six-hourly subcutaneous regular insulin use was found to be safe and effective alternative to slow IV insulin infusion for the treatment of DKA in a non PICU setting. As it resulted in minimum morbidity and no mortality, we recommend its use in the treatment of DKA irrespective of its severity. It can also decrease the health care cost and patients’ inconvenience.
circ_0000467 promotes the proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer cells through regulating KLF12 expression by sponging miR-4766-5p
Authors: Chen Hui , Wu Chen , Luo Liang , Wang Yuan , Peng Fangxing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Circular RNAs have been identified as crucial players in the initiation and progression of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The Has_circ_0000467 (circ_0000467) expression has been found to be upregulated in CRC, but its function and mechanism remain unclear.

Methods
The expression levels of circ_0000467, microRNA-4766-5p (miR-4766-5p), and Krueppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assay. The apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Transwell migration and invasion assays were applied to evaluate cell metastatic ability. Angiogenesis was detected using tube formation assay. All protein expressions were quantified by western blot assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze intergenic binding. Xenograft models were constructed for the experiment of circ_0000467 in vivo.

Results
The expression of circ_0000467 was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_0000467 repressed cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, but it induced apoptosis in CRC cells. circ_0000467 targeted miR-4766-5p and inhibited the expression of miR-4766-5p. Silencing of circ_0000467 inhibited CRC progression by upregulating miR-4766-5p. miR-4766-5p suppressed the expression of target gene KLF12 and KLF12 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-4766-5p on CRC cell behaviors. circ_0000467 positively regulated the expression of KLF12 by targeting miR-4766-5p. circ_0000467 downregulation in vivo reduced CRC tumorigenesis by regulating miR-4766-5p and KLF12.

Conclusion
circ_0000467 acted as an oncogene in CRC through regulating KLF12 expression by sponging miR-4766-5p. Therefore, circ_0000467 can be used as an effective target in CRC diagnosis and therapy.
Super-regular femtosecond laser nanolithography based on dual-interface plasmons coupling
Authors: Xie Hongbo , Zhao Bo , Cheng Jinluo , Chamoli Sandeep Kumar , Zou Tingting , Xin Wei , Yang Jianjun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Advances in femtosecond laser-material interaction facilitate the extension of maskless optical processing to the high efficiency and deep-subwavelength scale. Here, a hybrid plasmon lithography technique has been demonstrated by irradiating near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses onto the Si material coated with thin Cr films in a vacuum chamber, and superior nanograting structures are found to deeply penetrate through the thin Cr film into the underlying Si substrate. In stark contrast to the common ripple structures formed on the Si surface, the Cr-layer mediated Si nanograting structures not only exhibit the spatially super-regular arrangements with a deep-subwavelength period of 355 nm but also present the nonsinusoidal sharp-edged groove geometry with a large depth-to-width aspect ratio of 2.1. Theoretical analyses and calculations reveal that the anomalous structure characterizations are physically ascribed to the excitation of dual-interface coupled plasmons in the thin metal layer, which possess the squeezed spatial wavelength and the periodic columnar intensity distributions. Moreover, the further deepening of periodic nanostructures into the Si substrate is also elucidated by the simulation of electric field enhancements at the bottom of shallow grooves under irradiation of subsequent laser pulses. In combination with a wet etching process, the Si nanograting structures can be modified into the smooth and narrow-mouthed V-profiles, whose optical measurements show a near omnidirectional antireflection especially in the visible range of 565–750 nm, which is expected for the design of advanced photonic devices.
Inverse designed extended depth of focus meta-optics for broadband imaging in the visible
Authors: Bayati Elyas , Pestourie Raphaël , Colburn Shane , Lin Zin , Johnson Steven G. , Majumdar Arka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report an inverse-designed, high numerical aperture (∼0.44), extended depth of focus (EDOF) meta-optic, which exhibits a lens-like point spread function (PSF). The EDOF meta-optic maintains a focusing efficiency comparable to that of a hyperboloid metalens throughout its depth of focus. Exploiting the extended depth of focus and computational post processing, we demonstrate broadband imaging across the full visible spectrum using a 1 mm, f/1 meta-optic. Unlike other canonical EDOF meta-optics, characterized by phase masks such as a log-asphere or cubic function, our design exhibits a highly invariant PSF across ∼290 nm optical bandwidth, which leads to significantly improved image quality, as quantified by structural similarity metrics.
Gyrotactic microorganism and bio-convection during flow of Prandtl-Eyring nanomaterial
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Ullah Inayat , Muhammad Khursheed , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Our main intension behind this work is to investigate Prandtl-Eyring nanomaterial in presence of gyrotactic microorganisms. Flow is generated via stretching sheet and is subject to melting heat effect. Radiation and dissipation are addressed. Entropy rate is also reported. Nanofluid effects are explored through Buongiorno model for nanofluid by considering Brownian motion and thermophoresis impacts. Problem related modelling is done by obtaining PDEs and these PDEs are then transmitted into ODEs by using appropriate similarity variables. Homotopic technique has been employed to obtain a convergent series solution of the considered problem. Graphical results have been presented to investigate the impact of different prominent variables over fluid velocity, temperature distribution, nanofluid concentration and on microorganism concentration. Entropy analysis has been discussed and the physical quantities such as surface drag force, Nusselt number, local Sherwood number and microorganism density number for the current problem is obtained. Velocity boost against higher melting and fluid parameters. Temperature of the fluid reduces with an increment in melting and radiation parameters while it intensifies through Prandtl and Eckert number, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. Decay in concentration is noticed against higher values of melting and thermophoresis parameters while it increases for higher Schmidt number and Brownian motion parameter. Microorganism field boosts with higher values of Peclet number and microorganism concentration difference parameter. Moreover entropy generation rate intensifies against higher radiation parameter and Brickman number.
Vibration characteristics analysis of composite floating rafts for marine structure based on modal superposition theory
Authors: Huang Jisi , Tang Yang , Li Haichao , Pang Fuzhen , Qin Yuxuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Composite materials have become a research hotspot in the field of vibration and noise reduction for their high strength, high damping, and other outstanding mechanical properties in recent years. In this paper, the effect of laminated materials on the dynamic performance of floating rafts is investigated based on modal superposition theory using the finite element method. The detailed derivation of the modal superposition theory was made, and taking T700 fiber-reinforced composite material as an example the damping effect of the floating raft structure in three cases was discussed: whether the composite material is laid or not, different layup angles, and different layup positions. The research shows that laying composite materials can improve damping effect of the floating raft and the changes in both the laying angle and the laying position will affect its dynamic performance. Moreover, the damping performance of the structure is inversely correlated with its stiffness within a certain range.
Exercise therapy for whiplash-associated disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno , Larsson Johan , Malmström Eva-Maj , Westergren Hans , Häggman-Henrikson Birgitta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesAcute as well as chronic pain syndromes are common after whiplash trauma and exercise therapy is proposed as one possible intervention strategy. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of exercise therapy in patients with Whiplash-Associated Disorders for the improvement of neck pain and neck disability, compared with other therapeutic interventions, placebo interventions, no treatment, or waiting list.ContentThe review was registered in Prospero (CRD42017060356) and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A literature search in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane from inception until January 13, 2020 was combined with a hand search to identify eligible randomized controlled studies. Abstract screening, full text assessment and risk of bias assessment (Cochrane RoB 2.0) were conducted by two independent reviewers.SummaryThe search identified 4,103 articles. After removal of duplicates, screening of 2,921 abstracts and full text assessment of 100 articles, 27 articles that reported data for 2,127 patients were included. The included articles evaluated the effect of exercise therapy on neck pain, neck disability or other outcome measures and indicated some positive effects from exercise, but many studies lacked control groups not receiving active treatment. Studies on exercise that could be included in the random-effect meta-analysis showed significant short-term effects on neck pain and medium-term effects on neck disability.OutlookDespite a large number of articles published in the area of exercise therapy and Whiplash-Associated Disorders, the current evidence base is weak. The results from the present review with meta-analysis suggests that exercise therapy may provide additional effect for improvement of neck pain and disability in patients with Whiplash-Associated Disorders.
The A

α
-spectral radius of complements of bicyclic and tricyclic graphs with n vertices
Authors: Chen Chaohui , Peng Jiarong , Chen Tianyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recently, the extremal problem of the spectral radius in the class of complements of trees, unicyclic graphs, bicyclic graphs and tricyclic graphs had been studied widely. In this paper, we extend the largest ordering of A

α
-spectral radius among all complements of bicyclic and tricyclic graphs with n vertices, respectively.
On the elicitability of range value at risk
Authors: Fissler Tobias , Ziegel Johanna F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The debate of which quantitative risk measure to choose in practice has mainly focused on the dichotomy between value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). Range value at risk (RVaR) is a natural interpolation between VaR and ES, constituting a tradeoff between the sensitivity of ES and the robustness of VaR, turning it into a practically relevant risk measure on its own.
Hence, there is a need to statistically assess, compare and rank the predictive performance of different RVaR models, tasks subsumed under the term “comparative backtesting” in finance.
This is best done in terms of
strictly consistent loss or scoring functions, i.e., functions which are minimized in expectation by the correct risk measure forecast.
Much like ES, RVaR does not admit strictly consistent scoring functions, i.e., it is not elicitable.
Mitigating this negative result, we show that a triplet of RVaR with two VaR-components is elicitable. We characterize all strictly consistent scoring functions for this triplet. Additional properties of these scoring functions are examined, including the diagnostic tool of Murphy diagrams. The results are illustrated with a simulation study, and we put our approach in perspective with respect to the classical approach of trimmed least squares regression.
Activity of Polyphenoloxidase in red Fuji Apples Promoted with Cationic Surfactant – Role of Surfactant Structure
Authors: Tian Maozhang , Zhang Fan , Wang Lu , Dong Xing , Zhang Lifei , Guo Xia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, we observed the activity of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) in red Fuji apples in the presence of single-chained surfactants (including cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB)) and gemini surfactants (pentamethylene-α,ω-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), octamethylene-α,ω-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecamethylene-α,ω-bis(dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), pentamethylene-α,ω-bis(cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), and octamethylene-α,ω-bis(cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide)). It was found that all these surfactants enhanced the activity of PPO in a wide range of temperature at low content. When PPO was denatured by incubating at high temperature, the surfactants caused reactivation of PPO. Compared to the single-chained surfactants, the gemini surfactants increased PPO activity at a much lower concentration. Moreover, the single-chained surfactant and the gemini surfactant acted together to further increase PPO activity, and the synergistic effect reduced the amount of surfactant used. In addition, the Michaelis-Menten constant for PPO did not change in the presence of the surfactants, suggesting the active site should remain well with the surfactants.
Performance Evaluation of the Percarbonate and Perborate Bleach Activators Synthesized by a Low-Cost, Two-Step Method from Phenol
Authors: Shojaei Omid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bleach activators decrease the energy consumption and fabrics damage in the process of laundry and industrial cotton bleaching. Herein, we demonstrate a low-cost, two-step method for the synthesis of sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate and sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate from phenol as a simple precursor material for efficient bleach activators. Initially, phenol was sulfonated to sodium p-phenolsulfonate. In the second step, it was acylated with nonanoyl chloride and dodecanoyl chloride to synthesize sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate and sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate, respectively. Sodium p-phenolsulfonate and the obtained bleach activators were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR-, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The investigation of their detergency efficiency on different stains and substrates revealed that the as-synthesized bleach activators outperform the commercial tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) at room temperature (25°C). The detergency efficiency of sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate for hydrophobic stains at a rather low temperature of 40°C remarkably rises to about 90%.
Effect of Oxyethylene Groups of Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Sodium Sulfates on Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Tension in Relation to Wetting Properties
Authors: Ren Xiaodan , Li Ping , Li Jianbo , Yang Xiaoyi , Guo Chaohua , Li Quanhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect of hydrophilic chain of surfactants fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphates (AEnS, n = 2, 3, 7) on surface properties and wetting properties was investigated by the measurement of equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension and dynamic contact angle. The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphates with different head group sizes were used. From the results of equilibrium surface tension measurements, we could obtain the critical micellisation concentration, adsorption efficiency, maximum surface excess concentration and Langmuir equilibrium adsorption constant at air/liquid interface. The dynamic surface tension results showed that the adsorption of aqueous solutions at the air/liquid interface follows a mixed-diffusion kinetic adsorption mechanism. In conclusion, for both studied surfactant, the longer the oxyethylene chains, the higher the maximum rate of surface tension reduction, the higher the diffusivity and wetting properties in terms of contact angle.
Evaluation of the Quality of Bath Cosmetics in Powder Form Depending on the Selection of Fillers
Authors: Podkowa-Zawadzka Ilona , Wasilewski Tomasz , Zięba Małgorzata 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of hydrophilic microcrystalline cellulose, hydrophobic talc and mixtures of cellulose and talc when used as fillers in powdered bath cosmetics. A number of model formulations were developed that contained fillers in different compositions. Prototypical formulations were prepared and evaluated for their functional properties and skin-drying effect. An increase in the concentration of talc was found to reduce the ability of the formulations to emulsify fatty soils and, consequently, decrease the skin-drying effect after washing. Another result of the study is that a high content of talc does not significantly impair the foaming ability, and the presence of talc improves the stability of generated foam.
Hygiene in Commercial Dishwashing – A Review about the State of Knowledge in Research, Standardization, Regulation and Market Information
Authors: Struchtrup Sarah Schulze , Esmarch-Rummler Britta von , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current state of knowledge about hygiene (efficacy testing) in commercial dishwashers will be collated in this review. Therefore, studies about hygiene in commercial dishwashing are summarised and existing standards, guidelines and the legislative basis described. Finally, examples of information available from the market, for example, detergents are presented. The use of bioindicators contaminated with bovine albumin, mucin, corn starch and Enterococcus faecium is widely established in studies, which was the basis for the introduction of standards. Standards prescribe minimum temperatures for cleaning and rinsing, and most of them provide microbiological testing methods. A worldwide standardized test method for hygiene in commercial dishwashers would guarantee the comparability of country-specific standards but procedures currently available would need great efforts to be unified. A definition of a specified hygiene target level on cleaned dish items would also be meaningful because a harmless level of microorganisms can be achieved with it regardless of the initial microbial count or the process used.
Synthesis, characterization and optoelectronic properties of 2D hybrid RPbX4 semiconductors based on an isomer mixture of hexanediamine-based dications
Authors: Ioannou Anna , Vareli Ioanna , Kaltzoglou Andreas , Koutselas Ioannis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Three new hybrid two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic semiconductors are presented, which contain lead halides and a mixture of hexanediamine-based isomers in the stoichiometry [2,2,4(2,4,4)-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine]PbX4 (X = I, Br, Cl). These hexanediamine derivatives, with attached methyl groups at the carbon backbone of both isomers, determine the packing of the organic layers between the inorganic 2D sheets, while the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra reveal excitonic peaks at T = 77 K and room temperature. The as-synthesized semiconductors were stored for three years in the dark and under low humidity and were examined again and the results were compared to those of the fresh materials. The chloride analogue, after the three year storage, displays white-like luminescence. The use of non-equivalent isomer and racemic mixtures in the organic component to form hybrid organic–inorganic semiconductors is an efficient method to alter the properties of 2D perovskites by tuning the isomers’ chemical functionalities. Finally, a comparison of the observed excitonic absorption and photoluminescence signals to that of analogous 2D compounds is discussed.