bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZnO Modified g‐C3N4–MnO2 Composite for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Gindose Teketel Girma , Atisme Tsegaye Belege , Hailegebreal Tessema Derbe , Zereffa Enyew Amare 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSingle ZnO (NM1), MnO2 (NM2) nanoparticles, and MnO2–g‐C3N4–ZnO (NM4) nanocomposite were synthesized by the sol–gel method, whereas g‐C3N4 (NM3) was synthesized by polymerization of urea. The as‐synthesized materials were characterized by thermogravimetric‐differential thermal (TGA‐TDA), Fourier transformer (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).The bandgap of the NM4 nanocomposite was lower than those of NM1, NM2, and NM3 photocatalysts, which is applicable in the visible region. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized materials were studied under visible light radiation. The efficacy of NM4 composite is 5, 3.4, and 3‐fold higher than those of NM1, NM2, and NM3 materials. This enhancement might be ascribed to the synergistic effect. Besides, the NM4 nanocomposite degraded 94% of methylene blue (MB) and 81% of the real sample. The rate constant (k) for NM1, NM2, NM3, and NM4 nanocomposite was also studied and resulted in 0.00327, 0.0046, 0.0056, and 0.0156 min−1, respectively. The reusing of NM4 nanocomposite was carried out for four sequential rounds and resulted in 94%, 92.6%, 91%, and 89% degradation efficiency for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th round, respectively. This result suggests that the synthesized NM4 is cost‐effective and stable.
Highly Sensitive Linear Triaxial Force Sensor Based on Multimodal Sensing for 3D Pose Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Yongwei , Mehrez Jaafar Abdul‐Aziz , Yang Jianhua , Ni Wangze , Fan Chao , Quan Wenjing , Zhang Kai , Wang Tao , Zeng Min , Hu Nantao , Yang Zhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFlexible sensing offers real‐time force monitoring, presenting a versatile and effective solution for dexterous manipulation, healthcare, environmental exploration, and perception of physical properties. Nonetheless, a limitation of many existing flexible force sensors stems from their isotropic structure or material properties, preventing them from simultaneously detecting both the direction and magnitude of the applied force. Herein, a high‐performance 3D force sensor based on orthogonal multimodal sensing, the cancellation principle, and the strain effect is proposed. Finite element analysis further reveals the decoupling and anti‐interference mechanisms of the innovative capacitor‐resistance dual‐mode sensing based on a solid mechanics and electrostatic multiphysics model. The sensor demonstrates the ability to measure both the magnitude and direction of normal and shear forces in any combination using the proposed decoupling and reconstruction algorithms, showing the potential for accurately reconstructing the posture of objects.
High ductile‐FRP confined concrete in compression: A novel design concept for ductile column in seismic retrofit
Authors: Liu Wenguang , Shen Zihao , Zhang Qiang , Li Zhijia 
Published: January 2025

ABASTRACTConventional fiber reinforced polymer confined concrete strengthening technique (FRPCCST) fails to achieve independent design of strength and ductility in confined concrete, leading to brittle failure characteristics. To address this issue, a novel ductile column strengthening technique (DCST) is proposed and validated in this study, which involves the use of an interlayer hybrid composite known as high ductile‐FRP (HD‐FRP) for confining concrete. This study focuses on testing HD‐FRP‐confined concrete with circular sections under compression, investigating the thickness of fiber layer as key parameters. The failure modes, axial stress–strain behaviors, and dilation behaviors of HD‐FRP‐confined concrete were investigated and discussed. A comprehensive elucidation of the interaction mechanism between the HD‐FRP and concrete is provided. The test results clearly demonstrate that the application of DCST with HD‐FRP wrapping not only enhances the ultimate strength of concrete but also ensures its stable load‐bearing capacity after reaching peak loads.
Unveiling the Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in an Emerging Economy: A Delphi and MCDM Approach
Authors: Aggarwal Gourav , Kashiramka Smita 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe global surge in startup activity has led to the requirement of understanding entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) in emerging economies. This study employs a dual‐lens approach to analyze the health and performance dynamics of the EE from an emerging economy‐India. Delphi Technique is used to identify the elements of the EE; Best Worst Method (a multi‐criteria decision‐making method) is employed to quantify their contributions to the health and performance of the EE. Availability of finance, government programs, physical infrastructure, entrepreneurial culture, legal infrastructure, entrepreneurial education and training, and ease of shutting down emerge as key health factors. Innovation and research serve as a crucial mediating factor. On the performance front, entrepreneurial perception of market dynamics, intentions, value creation, networking, mentoring, perception about entrepreneurship, self‐efficacy, activity, and employment opportunities emerge as influential factors. The study proposes two indices to measure EE health and performance. This standardized approach can help compare EEs, identify intervention opportunities, offer holistic industrial insights, and aid investment decisions. The existing indices, like the Global Entrepreneurship Index, do not consider the regional context and assume the contribution of all elements of the EE as equal. Our research offers a comprehensive framework for evaluating and advancing EEs in emerging economies through a weighted framework for elements contributing to the health and performance of an EE respectively.
Cost‐effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention against cognitive decline
Authors: Brettschneider Christian , Buczak‐Stec Elżbieta , Luppa Melanie , Zülke Andrea , Michalowsky Bernhard , Rädke Anika , Bauer Alexander , Brütting Christine , Kosilek Robert P. , Zöllinger Isabel , Döhring Juliane , Williamson Martin , Wiese Birgitt , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Frese Thomas , Gensichen Jochen , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Thyrian Jochen René , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , König Hans‐Helmut ,   the AGEWELL.DE study group
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe societal costs of dementia and cognitive decline are substantial and likely to increase during the next decades due to the increasing number of people in older age groups. The aim of this multicenter cluster‐randomized controlled trial was to assess the cost‐effectiveness of a multi‐domain intervention to prevent cognitive decline in older people who are at risk for dementia.METHODSWe used data from a multi‐centric, two‐armed, cluster‐randomized controlled trial (AgeWell.de trial, ID: DRKS00013555). Eligible participants with increased dementia risk at baseline (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia/CAIDE Dementia Risk Score ≥ 9), 60–77 years of age, were recruited by their general practitioners, and assigned randomly to a multi‐domain lifestyle intervention or general health advice. We performed a cost‐effectiveness analysis from the societal perspective. The time horizon was 2 years. Health care utilization was measured using the “Questionnaire for Health‐Related Resource Use in Older Populations.” As effect measure, we used quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) based on the 5‐level EQ‐5D version (EQ‐5D‐5L). We calculated the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) and cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC) using the net‐benefit approach. Exploratory analyses considering women and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) were conducted.RESULTSData were available for 819 participants (mean age 69.0 [standard deviation (SD)5‐level EQ‐5D version 4.9]); 378 were treated in the intervention group and 441 in the control group. The participants in the intervention group caused higher costs (+€445.88 [SD: €1,244.52]) and gained additional effects (+0.026 QALY [SD: 0.020]) compared to the participants in the control group (the difference was statistically significant). The ICER was €17,149.23/QALY. The CEAC showed that the probability of the intervention being cost‐effective was moderate, reaching 59% at a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) of €50,000/QALY. The exploratory analyses showed promising results, especially in the female subsample.DISCUSSIONConsidering aspects like the WTP and the limited time horizon, the multi‐domain intervention was cost‐effective compared to general health advice.Highlights
The first German randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating a multicomponent approach against cognitive decline.
We found a favorable incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.
The probability of cost‐effectiveness reached 78.6%.
Women could be an important target group.
A longer time horizon is needed.
The problem of multiple adjustments in the assessment of minimal clinically important differences
Authors: de Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAnthropometric, demographic, genetic, and clinical features may affect cognitive, behavioral, and functional decline, while clinical trials seldom consider minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) in their analyses.METHODSMCIDs were reviewed taking into account features that may affect cognitive, behavioral, or functional decline in clinical trials of new disease‐modifying therapies.RESULTSThe higher the number of comparisons of different confounders in statistical analyses, the lower P values will be significant. Proper selection of confounders is crucial to accurately assess MCIDs without compromising statistical significance.DISCUSSIONStatistical adjustment of the significance of MCIDs according to multiple comparisons is essential for the generalizability of research results. Wider inclusion of confounding variables in the statistics may help bring trial results closer to real‐world conditions and improve the prediction of the efficacy of new disease‐modifying therapies, though such factors must be carefully selected not to compromise the statistical significance of the analyses.Highlights
Anthropometric, demographic, and clinical features may affect cognitive, behavioral, and functional decline.
Clinical trials seldom take minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) or their confounders into account.
Generalizability of research results requires the assessment of multiple confounding factors.
The higher the number of comparisons involved, the lower P values will be considered significant.
Use of MCIDs adjusted for confounding factors should be implemented when outcomes are not susceptible to translation into absolute benefits.
Can biosecurity on farms reduce bovine tuberculosis risks in cattle in England? A review of observational and literature‐based evidence
Authors: Voller Chelsea , Perrin Lauren D. , Gibbens Jane C. , Donnelly Christl A. , Delahay Richard J. , Heasman Lindsay , Vial Flavie , Prosser Alison , Heard Jenny , Robertson Andrew , Brunton Lucy , Enticott Gareth , Downs Sara H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundBovine tuberculosis (TB) is a burden to cattle farming in Great Britain. Poor biosecurity has been identified as contributing to the epidemic.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of epidemiological studies published in the scientific literature between 1921 and 2024 that measured the association between farm biosecurity and cattle TB. Eligible studies controlled for confounding factors and reported statistically significant association/s between biosecurity and TB (p < 0.05) and/or an effect ratio/s of more than 3. Biosecurity uptake in England was assessed using official Disease Report Forms (DRFs) from 4074 TB incidents occurring in 2018 and 2019.ResultsThirty‐three papers with 116 effect estimates met the inclusion criteria and were grouped according to a five‐point biosecurity plan. There was consistent evidence for TB risk being reduced by reducing contact with neighbouring herds and preventing cattle at higher TB risk from entering herds. The evidence for the effectiveness of measures for reducing contact between badgers and cattle was inconsistent. The DRF data showed a low uptake of biosecurity to reduce contact between badgers and cattle.LimitationsAll the studies identified were retrospective. Biosecurity was measured using different instruments, for example, questionnaires.ConclusionsThere is analytical epidemiological evidence supporting guidance for improving biosecurity, but there are some limitations. Further research is needed to identify the most effective wildlife‐focused measures.
Food wastage along the global food supply chain and the impact of food packaging
Authors: Uhlig Elisa , Sadzik Anna , Strenger Mara , Schneider Anna-Maria , Schmid Markus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inadequate food handling throughout the food supply chain can result in food loss and waste, leading to significant environmental, economic and social impacts. Identifying the causes of food loss and waste across the food supply chain, including the role of packaging, is critical for developing reduction and prevention strategies. This review examines 54 scientific studies to identify packaging-related causes of food loss and waste, evaluate whether and how packaging contributes to or mitigates these issues, and propose measures to address them. The findings highlight the need for standardized terminology and methodologies to improve comparability among studies. Key packaging-related issues identified include difficulty emptying, damage and oversized packaging, which could be addressed through improved packaging design and machinery, customized packaging sizes, and consumer education. The packaging design must be adapted to address these key issues and simultaneously consider geographical areas, specific food products and types of packaging. Further research is needed to explore these connections more comprehensively and improve data comparability across methodologies and nomenclature.
Nonlinear semimartingales and Markov processes with jumps
Authors: Criens David , Niemann Lars 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we study a family of nonlinear (conditional) expectations that can be understood as a semimartingale with uncertain local characteristics, which are prescribed by a time and path-dependent set-valued function. We show that the associated control problem coincides with both its weak and relaxed counterparts. Furthermore, we establish regularity properties of the value function and discuss their relation to Feller properties of sublinear semigroups. In the Markovian case, we provide conditions that allow us to identify the corresponding semigroup as the unique viscosity solution to a nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. To illustrate our results, we discuss a random $$G$$
G
-double exponential Lévy setting.
Determination of the water diffusivity dependence with the flow rate using a DVS equipment
Authors: Sánchez-Ferrer Antoni , Engelhardt Max 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The effects on the measurement of water sorption and apparent diffusivity when using different flow rate values and different experimental setups, i.e., closed pan, open pan and hanging setup, have been studied in a series of Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) experiments on a spruce sample. The results confirm a concave exponential growth dependency between apparent diffusivity and flow rate and an effect from the setup used, with the hanging setup being optimal for conducting such experiments due to the exposure of both areas of the disk to the airflow.
The Association between Social Support and Musculoskeletal Health in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Authors: Bevilacqua Gregorio , D’Angelo Stefania , Laskou Faidra , Zaballa Elena , Harvey Nicholas C. , Dennison Elaine M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrevious studies suggest social support is associated with musculoskeletal health in later life. We explored this relationship further in community-dwelling older adults, by considering associations between different aspects of social support and musculoskeletal health in community-dwelling adults. Participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study reported level of confiding/emotional, practical, and negative support using the Close Persons Questionnaire. Muscle strength was measured by grip strength dynamometry, and physical capability by timed up-and-go, chair rises, and walking speed tests. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), alcohol, smoking, physical activity, social class, and diet, was used for analysis. 1842 men and women (mean age 65.7 years) participated. Low emotional support correlated with weaker grip strength and poorer physical capability tests, although estimates were not robust to adjustment for confounders. Low practical support was linked to shorter timed up-and-go (β − 0.171, 95%CI − 0.319, − 0.024) and walking speed times (β − 0.157, 95%CI − 0.306, − 0.007), following adjustment for confounders. Negative support (i.e. the perceived inadequacy of the support received) was associated with lower grip strength (β − 0.145, 95%CI − 0.223, − 0.067) and slower walking speeds (β 0.159, 95%CI 0.004, 0.314). No social support exposures were associated with BMD. Different types of social support are linked to various measures of musculoskeletal health in older adults. Limited requirement for practical support correlated with better physical capability, while negative support correlated with poorer outcomes. No social support measure was associated with BMD.
Impact of acetylsalicylic acid on perioperative bleeding complications in deceased donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Friedersdorff Frank , Schulz Matthias , Weinberger Sarah , Ramos Scarlet Munayco , Ralla Bernhard , Liefeldt Lutz , Kanne Martin , Sakar Senem , Lerchbaumer Markus H. , Schlomm Thorsten , Lichy Isabel , Peters Robert , Schmidt Jacob 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and complications associated with the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in deceased donor kidney transplantation (KTX), with a particular focus on bleeding events.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 157 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who underwent KTX at Charité Berlin, Department for Urology, between February 2014 and December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with ASA in their preoperative medication (Group A, n = 59) and patients without ASA use (Group B, n = 98). Data on demographic information, medical conditions, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Group A had significantly older donors (59.7 ± 12.9 years vs. 52.0 ± 14.1 years, p < 0.001) and a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (42.4% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in perioperative hemoglobin loss and perioperative bleeding events between the groups, but a tendency towards higher rates of intraoperative bleeding (15.3% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.17) and postoperative transfusions (22% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.15) in Group A. Mortality was higher in Group A (18.6% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.003), with one death attributed to a cardiac event. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly inferior overall survival for Group A (p = 0.02), but no significant difference in graft survival (p = 0.18).

Conclusion
ASA use is associated with a trend towards increased intraoperative bleeding and postoperative blood transfusion but does not significantly increase major postoperative bleeding complications. Careful perioperative monitoring of patients with ASA is recommended.
Detailed analysis of cystic lesions in patients after open fetal repair and postnatal myelomeningocele closure
Authors: Salwi Sanjana R. , Land Sierra D. , Gallagher Taryn , Reynolds Tom A. , Zarnow Deborah M. , Viaene Angela , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Adzick N. Scott , Flanders Tracy M. , Heuer Gregory G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
We sought to evaluate the incidence, natural history, and management of cystic spinal lesions following myelomeningocele/myeloschisis closure.

Methods
We performed a single-center retrospective review of all patients who underwent myelomeningocele/myeloschisis closure from 2013 to 2018 with follow-up to 5 years old.

Results
We analyzed 100 fetal repairs and 81 postnatal closures from 305 total surgeries. Patients within this cohort systematically underwent serial MRI scans of the lumbar spine and had clinical follow-up until at least 5 years of age. Ninety-three (51.2%) developed radiographic evidence of cystic lesions with 28 (30.1%) requiring surgical intervention. Presence of cysts was higher in fetal repair (67/100, 67%) compared with postnatal (26/81, 32.1%; p < 0.01). Of the 93 patients with radiographic cysts, 28 (30.1%) underwent surgical resection at a median age of 27.6 months old ([Q1, Q3], [13.0, 48.6 months]). Fetal repair patients had a higher rate (26/67, 38.8%) of cysts requiring surgical resection compared with postnatal closure (2/26, 7.7%, p value < 0.01). Pathology demonstrated 18 of resected cysts were dermoid, 8 were epidermoid, and 2 were fibrous tissue. Post-operatively, no patients experienced a worsened ambulation status. Bladder compliance showed a non-significant trend toward improvement.

Conclusions
Cystic lesions in myelomeningocele/myeloschisis patients are common findings that result in nerve root tethering. We propose regular screening in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients to circumvent nerve injury. Most cystic lesions do not require surgical resection though fetal repair is associated with a higher incidence of operative cysts. However, these lesions can be safely surgically resected with maintenance of ambulation and urologic function.