bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrical inspired pre-weighting enhances Markov clustering community detection in complex networks
Authors: Durán Claudio , Muscoloni Alessandro , Cannistraci Carlo Vittorio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMarkov clustering is an effective unsupervised pattern recognition algorithm for data clustering in high-dimensional feature space. However, its community detection performance in complex networks has been demonstrating results far from the state of the art methods such as Infomap and Louvain. The crucial issue is to convert the unweighted network topology in a ‘smart-enough’ pre-weighted connectivity that adequately steers the stochastic flow procedure behind Markov clustering. Here we introduce a conceptual innovation and we discuss how to leverage network latent geometry notions in order to design similarity measures for pre-weighting the adjacency matrix used in Markov clustering community detection. Our results demonstrate that the proposed strategy improves Markov clustering significantly, to the extent that it is often close to the performance of current state of the art methods for community detection. These findings emerge considering both synthetic ‘realistic’ networks (with known ground-truth communities) and real networks (with community metadata), and even when the real network connectivity is corrupted by noise artificially induced by missing or spurious links. Our study enhances the generalized understanding of how network geometry plays a fundamental role in the design of algorithms based on network navigability.
Long-term ABA Therapy Is Abusive: A Response to Gorycki, Ruppel, and Zane
Authors: Shkedy Gary , Shkedy Dalia , Sandoval-Norton Aileen H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
In a recent response to a review of ABA literature, methodologies, and ethics, the authors of the response attempted to negate the compilation of research presented. The goal of their response was to advocate for the continued use of ABA and attempt to demonstrate that it is in fact effective in treating autism. The research utilized in the response does not pertain to the population discussed, does not present any neuroscientific research, and does not address intrinsic motivation, elevated levels of anxiety, or various other pertinent issues associated with the nonverbal autism population.

Methods
The current paper helps clarify any misinterpretation of the original research and seeks to advocate for greater protections and ethical compliance within this vulnerable subset of individuals on the autism spectrum. Additionally, more recent research has been included to assist in this clarification.

Results
Despite decades of usage as the primary method for this population worldwide, ABA has never been shown to be even slightly efficacious for the nonverbal Autism population.

Conclusions
Research in ABA continues to neglect the structure the autistic brain, the overstimulation of the autistic brain, the trajectory of child development, or the complex nature of human psychology, as all of these factors were ignored in the response and are ignored in ABA practice itself. Providing a treatment that causes pain in exchange for no benefit, even if unknowingly, is tantamount to torture and violates the most basic requirement of any therapy, to do no harm.
Understanding the Geographical Spread of COVID-19 in Relation with Goods Regional Routes and Governmental Decrees: The Lombardy Region Case Study
Authors: Tosi Davide , Chiappa Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a preliminary data analytics study on the spread of COVID-19 in Italy and Lombardy Region is reported to understand how the COVID-19 spread from a geographical point-of-view. Understanding the rules followed by the virus in its spread in Italy and Lombardy Region is fundamental to act properly to reduce and isolate the contagious promptly. The paper investigates the possible correlation between the goods and transport routes and the citizen travels with the spread of the COVID-19 from a geographical perspective. Moreover, in the paper, an empirical discussion is reported on how the actions and decrees, which have been imposed by the Italian Government over time, impacted actually on the spread of COVID-19. This discussion can highlight important aspects that can be taken into account in future pandemic waves, to better balance the policies and actions imposed by the Government and by the Regions.
Influence of G protein-biased agonists of μ-opioid receptor on addiction-related behaviors
Authors: Kudla Lucja , Przewlocki Ryszard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOpioid analgesics remain a gold standard for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, their clinical utility is seriously limited by a range of adverse effects. Among them, their high-addictive potential appears as very important, especially in the context of the opioid epidemic. Therefore, the development of safer opioid analgesics with low abuse potential appears as a challenging problem for opioid research. Among the last few decades, different approaches to the discovery of novel opioid drugs have been assessed. One of the most promising is the development of G protein-biased opioid agonists, which can activate only selected intracellular signaling pathways. To date, discoveries of several biased agonists acting via μ-opioid receptor were reported. According to the experimental data, such ligands may be devoid of at least some of the opioid side effects, such as respiratory depression or constipation. Nevertheless, most data regarding the addictive properties of biased μ-opioid receptor agonists are inconsistent. A global problem connected with opioid abuse also requires the search for effective pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction, which is another potential application of biased compounds. This review discusses the state-of-the-art on addictive properties of G protein-biased μ-opioid receptor agonists as well as we analyze whether these compounds can diminish any symptoms of opioid addiction. Finally, we provide a critical view on recent data connected with biased signaling and its implications to in vivo manifestations of addiction.
Graphic abstract
A cross-national analysis of cultural representations in English textbooks used in China and Germany
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Su Xiaoli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCulture learning is complicated in teaching English as an international language (EIL), given the global contexts in which English is being used for various purposes. This study aims to examine cultural representations in four series of high school English language textbooks distributed in China and Germany. It categorized cultures into four cultural types and four cultural elements within each type of culture in order to question the breadth and depth of cultural representations. The findings indicate that China’s English textbooks seem to balance among different cultures, but they still present factual knowledge and static information. The underlying value orientations are therefore underestimated. Germany’s English textbooks encompass the majority of contents about the target culture and put the emphasis on students' multicultural perspectives, communicative competence and intercultural skills. Thus, target cultures dominate cultural contents and source cultures are rare in Germany’s textbooks. Lastly, the findings are discussed and some recommendations for textbook writers and English teachers are suggested.
Differential Self-control Effects: Moral Filtering and the Subsidiary Relevance of Self-control
Authors: Hirtenlehner Helmut , Leitgöb Heinz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCriminological research has identified low self-control as major cause of criminal activity. However, astonishingly little is known about the individual and situational characteristics that affect the functioning of self-control in relation to crime. Recent theorizing, especially in the context of Situational Action Theory, suggests that the interplay of personal and contextual morality creates a morally preselected choice set whose composition determines the relevance of self-control. Guided by the ideas of differential self-control effects and a moral filtering of action alternatives, the present inquiry investigates whether the role of self-control in crime causation depends on the power of moral factors to exclude crime from the set of the considered behavioral options. We argue that the significance of an individual’s capacity for self-control increases with a growing weakness of the moral filter, reaching its maximum when both personal and setting morality encourage criminal activity. Analyses of self-report data on adolescent vandalism delinquency provide support for differential self-control effects. The general picture is that self-control ability matters most when the strength of the moral filter hits a low, which is when both an individual’s own moral rules and the moral norms of the setting facilitate offending. Further evidence suggests that crime contemplation is highest when individual morality and setting morality jointly encourage vandalism. There is also indication that trait self-control has a greater effect on vandalism delinquency at higher levels of crime contemplation. All these results accord with the notion of a subsidiary relevance of control.
The Feedback of Cold Wakes on Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Zhang Lei , Emanuel Kerry A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) cause negative sea surface temperature anomalies by vertical mixing and other processes. Such cold wakes can cover substantial areas and persist for a month or longer. It has long been hypothesized that cold wakes left behind by intense TCs reduce the likelihood of subsequent TC development. Here, we combine satellite observations, a global atmospheric model, and a high‐resolution TC downscaling model to test this hypothesis and examine the feedback of cold wakes on subsequent TC tracks and intensities. Overall, cold wakes reduce the frequency of weak to moderate events but increase the incidence of very intense events. There is large spatial heterogeneity in the TC response, such as a southward shift of track density in response to cold wakes similar to that generated by Florence (2018). Cold wakes may be important for modeling and forecasting TCs, interpreting historical records and understanding feedbacks in a changing climate.
Radiometric Temperature Determination in Nongray Bridgmanite: Applications to Melting Curve and Post‐Perovskite Transition Boundary in the Lower Mantle
Authors: Lobanov Sergey S. , Speziale Sergio , Lin Jung‐Fu , Schifferle Lukas , Schreiber Anja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExperiments in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells (LH DACs) are conducted to assess phase diagrams of planetary materials at high pressure‐temperature (P‐T) conditions; thus, reliable determination of temperature in LH DAC experiments is essential. Radiometric temperature determination in LH DACs relies on the assumption of sample's wavelength‐independent optical properties (graybody assumption), which is not justified for major lower mantle materials. The result is that experimental phase diagrams contain systematic unconstrained errors. Here we estimate the systematic error in radiometric temperature of nongray polycrystalline bridgmanite (Bgm; Mg0.96Fe2+0.036Fe3+0.014Si0.99O3) in a LH DAC by modeling emission and absorption of thermal radiation in a sample with experimentally‐constrained optical properties. A comparison to experimental data validates the models and reveals that thermal spectra measured in LH DAC experiments record the interaction of radiation with the hot nongray sample. The graybody assumption in the experiments on translucent Bgm (light extinction coefficient, k < ∼250 cm‐1 at 500–900 nm) yields temperatures ∼5% higher than the maximum temperature in the sample heated to ∼1900 K. In contrast, the graybody temperature of dark Bgm (k > ∼1500 cm−1), such as that produced upon melt quenching in LH DACs, underestimates the maximum temperature by ∼10%. Our experimental results pose quantitative constraints on the effect of nongray optical properties on the uncertainty of radiometric temperature determination in Bgm in the LH DACs. Evaluating nongray temperature in the future would enable a revision of the Bgm to post‐perovskite phase transition and the high‐pressure melting curve of Bgm.
Interactions between PDA-associated polymorphisms and genetic ancestry alter ductus arteriosus gene expression
Authors: Clyman Ronald I. , Hills Nancy K. , Dagle John M. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Kelsey Keegan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
DNA polymorphisms in PTGIS and TFAP2B have been identified as risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a population composed of preterm infants with European genetic ancestry but not in more genetically diverse populations.

Goal
To determine if the effects of TFAP2B and PTGIS polymorphisms on ductus arteriosus (DA) gene expression differ based on genetic ancestry.

Methods
DA from 273 human second trimester fetuses were genotyped for TFAP2B and PTGIS polymorphisms and for polymorphisms distributing along genetic ancestry lines. RT-PCR was used to measure the RNA expression of 49 candidate genes involved with DA closure.

Results
Seventeen percent of the DA analyzed were of European ancestry. In multivariable regression analyses we found consistent associations between four PDA-related TFAP2B polymorphisms (rs2817399(A), rs987237(G), rs760900(C), and rs2817416(C)) and expression of the following genes: EPAS1, CACNB2, ECE1, KCNA2, ATP2A3, EDNRA, EDNRB, BMP9, and BMP10, and between the PTGIS haplotype rs493694(G)/rs693649(A) and PTGIS and NOS3. These changes only occurred in DA with European ancestry. No consistent positive or negative associations were found among DA samples unless an interaction between the polymorphisms and genetic ancestry was taken into account.

Conclusion
PTGIS and TFAP2B polymorphisms were associated with consistent changes in DA gene expression when present in fetuses with European ancestry.

Impact

DNA polymorphisms in PTGIS and TFAP2B have been identified as risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a population composed primarily of preterm infants with European genetic ancestry but not in more genetically diverse populations.

The same PTGIS and TFAP2B polymorphisms are associated with changes in ductus gene expression when present in ductus from fetuses with European genetic ancestry.

No consistent associations with gene expression can be found unless an interaction between the polymorphisms and genetic ancestry is taken into account.
Cannabis, schizophrenia genetic risk, and psychotic experiences: a cross-sectional study of 109,308 participants from the UK Biobank
Authors: Wainberg Michael , Jacobs Grace R. , di Forti Marta , Tripathy Shreejoy J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCannabis is known to produce acute, transient psychotic-like experiences. However, it is unclear whether cannabis disproportionately increases the risk of specific types of psychotic experiences and whether genetic predisposition influences the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic experiences. In this cross-sectional study of 109,308 UK Biobank participants, we examined how schizophrenia polygenic risk modulates the association between self-reported cannabis use and four types of self-reported psychotic experiences (auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, persecutory delusions, and delusions of reference). Cohort-wide, we found a strong, dose-dependent relationship between cannabis use and all four types of psychotic experiences, especially persecutory delusions. Cannabis users’ psychotic experiences tended to be earlier-onset and cause greater distress than non-users’, but were not more likely to lead to help-seeking. Participants with high schizophrenia polygenic risk scores showed stronger associations between cannabis use and auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, and delusions of reference, as well as psychotic experiences overall. For instance, cannabis ever-use was associated with 67% greater adjusted odds of delusions of reference among individuals in the top fifth of polygenic risk, but only 7% greater adjusted odds among the bottom fifth. Our results suggest that cannabis use is a predictive risk factor for psychotic experiences, including early-onset and distressing experiences. Individuals genetically predisposed to schizophrenia may be especially vulnerable to psychotic experiences as a result of using cannabis, supporting a long-postulated hypothesis. This study exemplifies the utility of population-scale biobanks for elucidating gene-by-environment interactions relating substance use to neuropsychiatric outcomes and points to the translational potential of using polygenic risk scores to inform personalized harm reduction interventions.
LncRNA-FKBP1C regulates muscle fiber type switching by affecting the stability of MYH1B
Authors: Yu Jia-ao , Wang Zhijun , Yang Xin , Ma Manting , Li Zhenhui , Nie Qinghua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well-known to participate in a variety of important regulatory processes in myogenesis. In our previous RNA-seq study (accession number GSE58755), we found that lncRNA-FKBP1C was differentially expressed between White Recessive Rock (WRR) and Xinghua (XH) chicken. Here, we have further demonstrated that lncRNA-FKBP1C interacted directly with MYH1B by biotinylated RNA pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Protein stability and degradation experiments identified that lncRNA-FKBP1C enhanced the protein stability of MYH1B. Overexpression of lncRNA-FKBP1C inhibited myoblasts proliferation, promoted myoblasts differentiation, and participated in the formation of skeletal muscle fibers. LncRNA-FKBP1C could downregulate the fast muscle genes and upregulate slow muscle genes. Conversely, its interference promoted cell proliferation, repressed cell differentiation, and drove the transformation of slow-twitch muscle fibers to fast-twitch muscle fibers. Similar results were observed after knockdown of the MYH1B gene, but the difference was that the MYH1B gene had no effects on fast muscle fibers. In short, these data demonstrate that lncRNA-FKBP1C could bound with MYH1B and enhance its protein stability, thus affecting proliferation, differentiation of myoblasts and conversion of skeletal muscle fiber types.
Climate signals in river flood damages emerge under sound regional disaggregation
Authors: Sauer Inga J. , Reese Ronja , Otto Christian , Geiger Tobias , Willner Sven N. , Guillod Benoit P. , Bresch David N. , Frieler Katja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate change affects precipitation patterns. Here, we investigate whether its signals are already detectable in reported river flood damages. We develop an empirical model to reconstruct observed damages and quantify the contributions of climate and socio-economic drivers to observed trends. We show that, on the level of nine world regions, trends in damages are dominated by increasing exposure and modulated by changes in vulnerability, while climate-induced trends are comparably small and mostly statistically insignificant, with the exception of South & Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Asia. However, when disaggregating the world regions into subregions based on river-basins with homogenous historical discharge trends, climate contributions to damages become statistically significant globally, in Asia and Latin America. In most regions, we find monotonous climate-induced damage trends but more years of observations would be needed to distinguish between the impacts of anthropogenic climate forcing and multidecadal oscillations.
Net-zero emission targets for major emitting countries consistent with the Paris Agreement
Authors: van Soest Heleen L. , den Elzen Michel G. J. , van Vuuren Detlef P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver 100 countries have set or are considering net-zero emissions or neutrality targets. However, most of the information on emissions neutrality (such as timing) is provided for the global level. Here, we look at national-level neutrality-years based on globally cost-effective 1.5 °C and 2 °C scenarios from integrated assessment models. These results indicate that domestic net zero greenhouse gas and CO2 emissions in Brazil and the USA are reached a decade earlier than the global average, and in India and Indonesia later than global average. These results depend on choices like the accounting of land-use emissions. The results also show that carbon storage and afforestation capacity, income, share of non-CO2 emissions, and transport sector emissions affect the variance in projected phase-out years across countries. We further compare these results to an alternative approach, using equity-based rules to establish target years. These results can inform policymakers on net-zero targets.
GCG inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by disrupting the liquid phase condensation of its nucleocapsid protein
Authors: Zhao Ming , Yu Yu , Sun Li-Ming , Xing Jia-Qing , Li Tingting , Zhu Yunkai , Wang Miao , Yu Yin , Xue Wen , Xia Tian , Cai Hong , Han Qiu-Ying , Yin Xiaoyao , Li Wei-Hua , Li Ai-Ling , Cui Jiuwei , Yuan Zhenghong , Zhang Rong , Zhou Tao , Zhang Xue-Min , Li Tao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLack of detailed knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been hampering the development of treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we report that RNA triggers the liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, N. By analyzing all 29 proteins of SARS-CoV-2, we find that only N is predicted as an LLPS protein. We further confirm the LLPS of N during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the 100,849 genome variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the GISAIDdatabase, we identify that ~37% (36,941) of the genomes contain a specific trio-nucleotide polymorphism (GGG-to-AAC) in the coding sequence of N, which leads to the amino acid substitutions, R203K/G204R. Interestingly, NR203K/G204Rexhibits a higher propensity to undergo LLPS and a greater effect onIFNinhibition. By screening the chemicals known to interfere with N-RNA binding in other viruses, we find that (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), a polyphenol from green tea, disrupts the LLPS of N and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication. Thus, our study reveals that targeting N-RNA condensation with GCG could be a potential treatment for COVID-19.