bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy-Based Models for Free-Form Surface Shape Design
Authors: Celniker G. , Gossard D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A parametric description of an elastic surface is used as the basis for a free-form shape design package. The energy functional of shape deformation are used to develop the equations of motion for the surface. The user, interacting with the model during a time simulation of its motion, is capable of guiding the surface into desirable configurations.
The dynamic nature of these models cause them to seek shapes with desirable properties which can free the user from having to control every aspect of the surface while achieving design goals. The strong analogy between these models and physical systems allows the user to control the shape in intuitive fashions. This approach gives the user considerable control of the global aspects of the shape while retaining control of small scale local shape.
Evaluation of Actual Geometric Tolerances Using Coordinate Measuring Machine Data
Authors: ElMaraghy W. H. , Wu Z. , ElMaraghy H. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the development of a procedure and algorithms for the systematic comparison of geometric variations of measured features with their specified geometric tolerances.
To automate the inspection of mechanical parts, it is necessary to analyze the measurement data captured by coordinate measuring machines (CMM) in order to detect out-of-tolerance conditions. A procedure for determining the geometric tolerances from the measured three dimensional coordinates on the surface of a cylindrical feature is presented. This procedure follows the definitions of the geometric tolerances used in the current Standards, and is capable of determining the value of each geometric tolerance from the composite 3-D data. The developed algorithms adopt the minimum tolerance zone criterion. Nonlinear numerical optimization techniques are used to fit the data to the minimum tolerance zone. Two test cases are given in the paper which demonstrate the successful determination of geometric tolerances from given simulated data.
Archtecture of a Design System for Engineering Idealizations
Authors: Korngold E. V. , Shephard M. S. , Wentorf R. , Spooner D. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the conceptual architecture of a design system that supports engineering idealizations and allows the development of an engineering model in all phases of the design cycle from preliminary design through manufacture. The model representation for the design system consists of functional, geometric, and attribute models. Modelers, analytic applications, and knowledge-based applications communicate via links which support functional capabilities. The process navigator tracks and controls model idealizations by interacting with the major components of the design system.
A Structured Design Methodology and Metadesigner: A System Shell Concept for Computer Aided Creative Design
Authors: Liu C. R. , Trappey J. C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of managing the design process using Objected Oriented Programming Paradigm. A software system shell, called MetaDesigner is being developed for aiding the human designer to create new designs, based on the hierarchical nature of the design space. This system shell is intended to have the following capabilities: (1) interactive and system-guided design process to analyze design structure and to characterize design options, (2) to provide interactive and system-guided knowledge acquisition, classification, and retrieval to achieve machine learning, and (3) to build a flexible and forever expandable structure for knowledge-based system implementation.
Optimal Design Rules Applied to the Design of High-Speed Mechanisms Under Deflection and Stress Constraints
Authors: Liou F. W. , Liu J. D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Presented in this paper are two approaches for the design of flexible mechanisms under stress and deflection constraints. Based on the optimality conditions derived in this paper, two procedures are developed to design the minimum weight of mechanisms subject to stress and deflection limitations. The first procedure is the improvement of Thornton’s design process [17], and the second procedure is based on the interpolation technique. Several design examples are also presented to demonstrate these methods.
Design Sensitivity Analysis of Multibody Dynamic Systems for Parallel Processing
Authors: Tak T. , Kim S. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Design sensitivity analysis of large scale multibody systems is a computationally intensive process, which is well suited for implementation on a parallel computer. This paper presents a parallel processing oriented generalized design sensitivity analysis method for multibody dynamic systems. A direct differentiation method, which is more efficient than an adjoint variable method in a parallel processing environment due to the inherent parallelism, is applied to a recursive formulation for multibody dynamics to set up dynamic sensitivity equations. A high level of parallelism is achieved, exploiting the independence of each set of design sensitivity equations. To verify the formulation for design sensitivity analysis and to demonstrate the speedup on a parallel computer, an example is presented.
Workspace Analysis of Closed Loop Mechanisms With Unilateral Constraints
Authors: Jo D.-Y. , Haug E. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Kinematics of mechanisms that contain elements with unilateral constraints such as stops are characterized by systems of equalities and inequalities. A slack variable formulation is introduced to convert inequality constraints to equalities, in a higher dimensional space of variables. The slack variable formulation permits use of manifold based theoretical and numerical methods for analysis of the boundaries of workspaces. The workspace of a simplified Stewart platform is analyzed, including rotatability of the top platform. Sets of reachable points of the top platform of a three dimensional Stewart platform, with fixed platform orientation, are analyzed.
Comparative Performance of Isotropic and Composite Bladed Disks
Authors: Seshu P. , Ramamurti V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using a 3-noded, multilayered anisotropic triangular plate and shell element combined with cyclic symmetry method, a comparison has been drawn on the steady state as well as free vibration behaviour of isotropic and composite bladed disks, taking into account all the geometric and material complexities. Results are presented for a representative model for three cases – isotropic bladed disk, isotropic disk-composite blade, and composite bladed disk.
Mud in sandy riverbed deposits as a proxy for ancient fine-sediment supply
Authors: Wysocki N. , Hajek E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe amount of silt and clay available to rivers reflects source-terrain composition and weathering and can be a primary control on the form and dynamics of channel networks. Fine sediment also affects the permeability of buried fluvial reservoirs. Despite this significance, there is currently a lack of methods for reconstructing how much fine sediment was transported by ancient rivers. Mud accumulations in sandy river deposits are often interpreted as indicators of variable flow conditions; however, these deposits may present an opportunity to constrain how much fine sediment was transported through ancient rivers. We report results from a series of experiments designed to evaluate how much clay and silt are preserved in sandy riverbed deposits under constant and variable discharge conditions. Our results demonstrate that (1) mud deposits, including drapes and lenses, form readily under constant, high-discharge conditions, (2) the amount of fine sediment recovered from bed-material deposits increases as fine-sediment supply increases, and (3) fine-sediment retention is higher during bed aggradation than during bypass conditions. These results indicate that the net retention of clay and silt in sandy riverbed deposits may be a simple but powerful proxy for comparing the overall amount of fine sediment supplied to ancient rivers.
Trauma resource pit stop: increasing efficiency in the evaluation of lower severity trauma patients
Authors: Dandan Imad S , Tominaga Gail T , Zhao Frank Z , Schaffer Kathryn B , Nasrallah Fady S , Gawlik Melanie , Bayat Dunya , Dandan Tala H , Biffl Walter L 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundOvertriage of trauma patients is unavoidable and requires effective use of hospital resources. A ‘pit stop’ (PS) was added to our lowest tier trauma resource (TR) triage protocol where the patient stops in the trauma bay for immediate evaluation by the emergency department (ED) physician and trauma nursing. We hypothesized this would allow for faster diagnostic testing and disposition while decreasing cost.MethodsWe performed a before/after retrospective comparison after PS implementation. Patients not meeting trauma activation (TA) criteria but requiring trauma center evaluation were assigned as a TR for an expedited PS evaluation. A board-certified ED physician and trauma/ED nurse performed an immediate assessment in the trauma bay followed by performance of diagnostic studies. Trauma surgeons were readily available in case of upgrade to TA. We compared patient demographics, Injury Severity Score, time to physician evaluation, time to CT scan, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. Comparisons were made using 95% CI for variance and SD and unpaired t-tests for two-tailed p values, with statistical difference, p<0.05.ResultsThere were 994 TAs and 474 TRs in the first 9 months after implementation. TR’s preanalysis versus postanalysis of the TR group shows similar mean door to physician evaluation times (6.9 vs. 8.6 minutes, p=0.1084). Mean door to CT time significantly decreased (67.7 vs. 50 minutes, p<0.001). 346 (73%) TR patients were discharged from ED; 2 (0.4%) were upgraded on arrival. When admitted, TR patients were older (61.4 vs. 47.2 years, p<0.0001) and more often involved in a same-level fall (59.5% vs. 20.1%, p<0.0001). Undertriage was calculated using the Cribari matrix at 3.2%.DiscussionPS implementation allowed for faster door to CT time for trauma patients not meeting activation criteria without mobilizing trauma team resources. This approach is safe, feasible, and simultaneously decreases hospital cost while improving allocation of trauma team resources.Level of evidenceLevel II, economic/decision therapeutic/care management study.
Assessment of Structural Damage Following the October 30, 2020 Aegean Sea Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Altunişik Ahmet Can , Atmaca Barbaros , Kartal Murat Emre , Günaydin Murat , Demir Serhat , Uluşan Alper 
Published: April 2021

The strong shallow earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw) range between 6.6 and 7.0 according to different sources (AFAD, KOERI and USGS) took place at local time 14:51 on 30th October 2020, in Aegean Sea near Samos Island. According to the data given from Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), the epicenter of the earthquake is 27.17[Formula: see text]km far away from the İzmir coast and the duration of the earthquake that occurred in 14.9[Formula: see text]km deep of the ground is 15.68[Formula: see text]s. The main shock of the earthquake brought about a small local tsunami that struck especially Seferihisar district in Izmir and Vathi in Samos. The main shock was followed by more than 5799 aftershocks with magnitudes varying between 0.7 and 5.1 in 62 days. Turkey, Greece and the islands in Aegean Sea felt the earthquake but it caused heavy damage and casualties at Bayraklı location in the city center of Izmir due to ground effects and structural problems. According to the data released after the field investigations made by the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in the regions affected by the earthquake, 103 buildings collapsed and urgently demolished, 700 were severely damaged, 814 were moderately damaged, 7889 were slightly damaged and 159,000 were undamaged. The earthquake and tsunami resulted in 117 deaths and 1632 injured in Turkey, whereas two deaths and several injured in Samos, despite the distance between the epicenter and Turkey coast being more than Samos Island. One of these deaths occurred as a result of the tsunami and according to official sources; it was recorded as the first person to die from a tsunami in Turkey. This study aims to examine the damage and collapses that occurred on the structures due to the earthquake and the tsunami. The types and causes of damage that occurred on both reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures were evaluated in detail with taking into account the conditions of the existing Turkish Building Earthquake Design Code, [TBEC, [2018] Turkish Building Earthquake Design Code. Specifications for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas (Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, Ankara, Turkey).] and previous Turkish Earthquake Codes (TECs).
Radio-Frequency Interference at the McGill Arctic Research Station
Authors: Dyson T. , Chiang H. C. , Egan E. , Ghazi N. , Ménard T. , Monsalve R. A. , Moso T. , Peterson J. , Sievers J. L. , Tartakovsky S. 
Published: April 2021

The frequencies of interest for redshifted 21[Formula: see text]cm observations are heavily affected by terrestrial radio-frequency interference (RFI). We identify the McGill Arctic Research Station (MARS) as a new RFI-quiet site and report its RFI occupancy using 122[Formula: see text]h of data taken with a prototype antenna station developed for the Array of Long-Baseline Antennas for Taking Radio Observations from the Sub-Antarctic. Using an RFI flagging process tailored to the MARS data, we find an overall RFI occupancy of 1.8% averaged over 20–125[Formula: see text]MHz. In particular, the FM broadcast band (88–108[Formula: see text]MHz) is found to have an RFI occupancy of at most 1.6%. The data were taken during the Arctic summer, when degraded ionospheric conditions and an active research base contributed to increased RFI. The results quoted here therefore represent the maximum-level RFI environment at MARS.
Upcoming SIGWEB supported conferences
Authors: Roßner Daniel 
Published: April 2021

The Special Interest Group on Hypertext and the Web, SIGWEB was created in 1989 to support the community participating in the annual ACM Hypertext Conference. In its fourth decade, SIGWEB continues its efforts to support a wide range of communities and conferences. Recently, the Web Conference's legal and financial sponsorship was transferred to SIGWEB and thus joins the family of seven annual conferences in 2022. SIGWEB supports several specialized conferences, short courses, and workshops of different sizes, as well as the annual Hypertext Conference. SIGWEB sponsored conferences focus on timely topics in applied and computational hypertext and Web disciplines and provide a place for members and the entire applied Hypermedia and Web community to exchange ideas and to meet with and expand their network of colleagues. In this article, we provide a brief overview of SIGWEB sponsored conferences, in addition to events that are in cooperation with SIGWEB.
Due to the current Corona crisis, many event organizers opted for an online conference format or allow remote participation. These conferences are marked accordingly.
Relationship of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress Markers in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hashemi Majid , Amin Mohammad Mehdi , Chavoshani Afsane , Rafiei Nasim , Ebrahimpour Karim , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Studies have proved that exposure of adults to phthalates might be related to cardiometabolic risk factors and changes in markers of oxidative stress. Such studies conducted on school-age children and adolescents are limited and fail to assess the simultaneous effect of phthalates on these risk factors and oxidative stress markers. Therefore, it was attempted to identify the relationship of urinary phthalate metabolites with cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress markers in children and adolescents. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 108 children and adolescents, living in Isfahan industrial city of Iran, were examined. Urine samples taken from the participants were analyzed for mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-exohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP). Results. Results showed that, among phthalate metabolites, MBP had the highest concentration, followed by MBzP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MEHP, and MMP. Concentrations of these metabolites had a significant relationship with some of the cardiometabolic risk factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and triglycerides (TG) (

p

< 0.05). Furthermore, the crude and adjusted linear regression models indicated the significant association of phthalate metabolites with superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (

p

< 0.05). Conclusion. Although urinary phthalate concentrations could not exactly reflect the long-term exposure level in the studied age groups, the consumption of phthalate-free products during childhood and adolescent development shall be assumed helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. To confirm these findings and develop effective intervention strategies, it would be necessary to perform longitudinal studies on diverse population.
Association of Serum Melatonin Level with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Jichen , Lu Jiancan , Zhu Hongling , Zhou Xinglu , Wei Xijuan , Gu Mingjun 
Published: April 2021

Objectives. Melatonin is an essential neuroendocrine hormone that participates in the regulation of sleep rhythm and cognitive function. This study aimed to determine serum melatonin levels with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods. A total of 247 T2DM patients were recruited in this retrospective study and divided into 75 subjects with MCI and 172 with normal cognition. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Their blood sample was examined for the level of melatonin and other biochemical parameters. Results. Melatonin concentration was decreased in MCI patients to non-MCI patients (

P

< 0.001). Melatonin level was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.202;

P

= 0.001), diabetes duration (r = −0.282;

P

< 0.001), serum HbA1c (r = −0.195;

P

= 0.002), hs-CRP (r = −0.324;

P

< 0.001), and TSH (r = −0.184;

P

= 0.004) levels and positively correlated with MoCA score, serum HDL-C (r = 0.145;

P

< 0.001), FT3 (r = 0.241;

P

< 0.001), and FT4 (r = 0.169;

P

= 0.008) levels. The multivariable analysis indicated that fewer years of formal education, longer diabetes duration, higher serum HbA1c, higher serum hs-CRP, and lower serum melatonin are the predisposing factors for MCI. Conclusion. Lower melatonin level was associated with cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM. Melatonin might serve as a potential protective molecule against cognitive dysfunction in T2DM.
Histological Ex Vivo Evaluation of the Suitability of a 976 nm Diode Laser in Oral Soft Tissue Biopsies
Authors: Palaia Gaspare , Renzi Federico , Pergolini Daniele , Del Vecchio Alessandro , Visca Paolo , Tenore Gianluca , Romeo Umberto 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Laser-induced thermal effects can preclude a safe histological evaluation of biopsy resection margins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a 976 nm diode laser in oral soft tissue biopsies in an ex vivo study. Materials and Methods. A 976 nm diode laser (Solase®, Lazon Medical Laser, China) has been used in the contact mode, using a 400 μm fiber tip, at different parameters from 4 to 6 W in the continuous wave (CW), with a fluence between 3184 and 4777 J/cm2, and pulsed wave (PW) mode, with a fluence between 318,4 and 477,7 J/cm2, to obtain 30 samples from fresh pig cadaver tongues. All specimens were subdivided into 6 groups (from A to F), and each group consisted of 5 samples. Two sections were obtained from each sample. A histological analysis was performed using an optical microscope at magnifications of 5x and 10x. Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests. Results. The results showed that histological readability was optimal in all the samples. The thermal damage was negligible in all groups. The average thermal damage was 208.40 ± 133.81 μm in the epithelial tissue and 330.14 ± 147.45 μm in the connective tissue. The statistical analysis showed no differences between the groups (

p

> 0.05). Conclusion. A 976 nm diode laser demonstrated good surgical effectiveness that provoked little peripheral damage in the cut edges and allowed a safe histological diagnosis. Clinical Relevance. In oral pathology, many times, there is fear in using the laser to remove some lesions due to its thermal effect on the tissues close to the lesion. This effect is always present in the use of the laser, but the intent is to minimize this effect to have as little alteration as possible on the surrounding tissues.
Treatment of Gingival Recession with Microinvasive Surgical Technology
Authors: Cao Qiong , Lu Ruohuang , Chen Jun , Pan Hao , Feng Hui , Liu Binjie , Wang Yuehong 
Published: April 2021

Objective. The purpose of this clinical research was to evaluate the result of microinvasive surgical technology: vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in multiple gingival recession. Methods. A total of 20 patients with 25 Miller I and 30 Miller III gingival recession teeth were treated with VISTA+SCTG. The data at baseline and 12 months were assessed: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession depth (RD), gingival recession width (RW), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), and gingival biotype (GB), and percentage of root coverage (RC) and complete root coverage (CRC) were calculated. Results. The average root coverage was

1.52
±
0.70

mm in Miller I and

0.82
±
0.79

mm in Miller III. The mean root coverage rate was

99.00
%
±
5.00
%

in Miller I and

60.73
±
37.90

% in Miller III. The width of clinical attachment loss of keratinized tissue was significantly improved. Conclusions. VISTA and SCTG are effective in the treatment of both Miller class I and III multiple gingival recessions. Gingival increment in Miller class I is better than that in III. It is the same for maxillary and mandibular teeth.