bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does sexual experience affect the strength of male mate choice for high‐quality females in Drosophila melanogaster?
Authors: Sinclair Chelsea S. , Lisa Suriya F. , Pischedda Alison 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough females are traditionally thought of as the choosy sex, there is increasing evidence in many species that males will preferentially court or mate with certain females over others when given a choice. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, males discriminate between potential mating partners based on a number of female traits, including species, mating history, age, and condition. Interestingly, many of these male preferences are affected by the male's previous sexual experiences, such that males increase courtship toward types of females that they have previously mated with and decrease courtship toward types of females that have previously rejected them. D. melanogaster males also show courtship and mating preferences for larger females over smaller females, likely because larger females have higher fecundity. It is unknown, however, whether this preference shows behavioral plasticity based on the male's sexual history as we see for other male preferences. Here, we manipulate the sexual experience of D. melanogaster males and test whether this manipulation has any effect on the strength of male mate choice for large females. We find that sexually inexperienced males have a robust courtship preference for large females that is unaffected by previous experience mating with, or being rejected by, females of differing sizes. Given that female body size is one of the most common targets of male mate choice across insect species, our experiments with D. melanogaster may provide insight into how these preferences develop and evolve.
Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient
Authors: Ekholm Adam , Faticov Maria , Tack Ayco J. M. , Berger Josef , Stone Graham N. , Vesterinen Eero , Roslin Tomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClimate change is advancing the onset of phenological events, with the rate of advance varying among species and trophic levels. In addition, local populations of the same species may show genetic differences in their response to seasonal cues. If populations of interacting species differ in their response, then climate change may result in geographically varying shifts in the community‐level distribution of interaction strength. We explored the magnitude of trophic‐ and species‐level responses to temperature in a tritrophic system comprising pedunculate oak, insect herbivores, and their associated parasitoids. We sampled local realizations of this community at five sites along a transect spanning fifteen degrees of latitude. Samples from each trophic level at each site were exposed to the same set of five climatic regimes during overwintering in climate chambers. We then recorded the number of days and degree‐days required for oak acorns to develop and insects to emerge. In terms of dates of events, phenology differed among populations. In terms of degree‐days, we found that for two species pairs, the heat sum required to develop in spring differed by an additional ˜500 degree‐days between trophic levels when overwintering at the highest temperature. For three species, within‐population variation in the number of degree‐days required for emergence was higher at warmer temperatures. Our findings suggest that changing temperatures can modify interactions within a community by altering the relative phenology of interacting species and that some interactions are more vulnerable than others to a shift in temperature. The geographic variation in the phenological response of a species suggests that there is a genetic component in determining the phenology of local populations. Such local variation blended with interspecific differences in responses makes it complex to understand how communities will respond to warmer temperatures.
Long‐term accumulation of macro‐ and secondary elements in subtropical treatment wetlands
Authors: Reddy K. R. , Hu Jing , Villapando Odi , Bhomia Rupesh K. , Vardanyan Lilit , Osborne Todd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) are a complex of large constructed wetlands that are an integral component of the State and Federal efforts to restore the Everglades ecosystem. The overall objective of this study was to determine the accumulation rates of macro‐elements including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and associated secondary elements including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe) in two Everglades STAs over their periods of operation. The study was conducted in STA‐2 with parallel flow‐ways consisting of emergent aquatic vegetation (EAV) and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and the Western flow‐way of STA‐3/4 with EAV and SAV cells operated in series. Elemental accumulation rates were determined in the unconsolidated surficial sediments (floc) and recently accreted soil (RAS) that have accumulated on top of the antecedent soil over the 14‐ and 10‐yr periods of operation for STA‐2 and STA‐3/4, respectively. Flow‐ways with SAV were more efficient than EAV in accreting mineral matter, resulting in increased bulk density and higher accumulation rates of elements. Average C accumulation in the floc and RAS of SAV flow‐ways was 320 g·m−2·yr−1 with approximately equal proportions of inorganic and organic C, while in the EAV flow‐ways accumulation rates of C ranged from 116 to 147 g·m−2·yr−1 with mostly organic C. Phosphorus accumulation rates were approximately 2–3 times higher in SAV than in EAV flow‐ways. Differences in accumulation of elements between SAV and EAV were largest for Ca with 17–42 times more Ca in SAV than EAV systems. This suggests that in the SAV systems, possible occlusion of macro‐elements and metals during CaCO3 precipitation facilitated accretion of material with high mineral content. In EAV, biomass turnover and associated biotic processes regulated organic matter accumulation rates. The spatial accumulation patterns of P, C, and N in the EAV areas of STA‐2 and STA‐3/4 were similar to those observed in the EAV areas of the natural wetlands in Water Conservation Areas, suggesting that constructed wetland systems function similarly to natural wetlands dominated by EAV areas in retaining and storing macro‐ and secondary elements.
Prognostic significance of unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy in patients undergoing carpal tunnel surgery
Authors: Porcari Aldostefano , Pagura Linda , Longo Francesca , Sfriso Enrico , Barbati Giulia , Murena Luigi , Longo Emiliano , Ramella Vittorio , Arnež Zoran Marij , Rapezzi Claudio , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsCarpal tunnel (CT) syndrome is a recognized red‐flag of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) and increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. We designed this study to characterize the CV profile of patients with CT syndrome at the time of first surgery and to identify high‐risk presentations.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively reviewed 643 patients who underwent CT surgery between 2007 and 2019. Of them, 130 patients (77 years, 45% male patients, left ventricular ejection fraction 62%) with available CV characterization within ±12 months from CT surgery were included. Abnormal loading conditions causing cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were investigated to distinguish explained LVH (Ex‐LVH) from unexplained LVH (Un‐LVH). LVH was found in 66 (51%) patients, 33% of them presented Un‐LVH. Compared with the others, Un‐LVH patients were older (77 and 75 vs. 70 years in Un‐LVH, Ex‐LVH, and non‐LVH, respectively; P = 0.002), had higher rates of electrocardiogram‐echo discrepancy (70%, 14.3%, and 1.6%, respectively; P < 0.001) and of echocardiographic findings of CA (24%, 7%, and 0%, P < 0.001). Among Un‐LVH patients, 9 (43%) experienced death and 7 (33%) developed heart failure (HF) at 3.8 and 2.4 years from CT surgery, respectively. Compared with the others, death and HF development rates were higher in Un‐LVH patients both at unadjusted (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively) and adjusted analysis for age, gender, and renal insufficiency (P = 0.00038 and P = 0.050, respectively).ConclusionsAt the time of CT surgery, Un‐LVH was found in more than 30% of patients with LVH, and 24% of them showed echocardiographic features suggesting an underdiagnosed CA. Un‐LVH was associated with higher all‐cause mortality and HF development.
Schizochytrium Oil and Its Mixture with Fish Oil and Sacha inchi Oil Ameliorate Gut Microbiota Composition and Lipid Metabolism via the Fatty Acid Synthetase/3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl Glutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase/Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Yilin , Huang Ying , Tong Aijun , Liu Bin , Zeng Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough fish oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, it is greatly affected by environmental pollutants. Schizochytrium oil and Sacha inchi oil are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, but there are few studies on their lipid‐lowering effects. The Schizochytrium oil, fish oil, and Sacha inchi oil are formulated into a 1:1:1 mixture emulsion (SFSO). Experimental results show that SFSO could significantly decrease blood lipid and liver total cholesterol (TC,30–40%), triglyceride (TG,35%), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C,78.38%), and enhance antioxidant capacity. In addition, SFSO significantly reduces the mRNA expression levels of A‐cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT,86.5%), fatty acid synthetase (FAS,96.16%), 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR,68.3%), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c,75.1%), and peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptors gamma (PPAR‐γ,17.23%), has a strong inhibitory effect on the expression of fat synthesis‐related genes. On the contrary, it significantly promotes the mRNA expression of acyl‐CoA oxidase‐1 (ACOX1,85.54%), hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL,61.84%), and peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptors alpha (PPAR‐α,12.43%), accelerates the metabolism of fat and the oxidation of fatty acids. The analysis of gut microbiota shows that some pathogenic bacteria associated with obesity and inflammation in LSFSO group decreased significantly, and the increased Alloprevotella and Parabacteroides are positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acids.Practical Applications: The regulatory mechanism of SFSO on LMDS and gut microbiota was discussed, and the source of unsaturated fatty acids was optimized.
Spectroelectrochemistry of Proteins
Authors: Wilson George S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis mini review addresses the evolution of spectroelectrochemistry from the laboratories of Professor Theodore Kuwana into the examination of proteins. Synchronizing electrochemical and spectral properties of proteins enables the identification of functions of redox centers, and their kinetics and thermodynamics. Changes in conformation and redox states are examined by a variety of spectroscopic techniques by directly observing protein reactions at electrodes with modified surfaces.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck cancer surgery: Systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Iocca Oreste , Copelli Chiara , Ramieri Guglielmo , Zocchi Jacopo , Savo Matteo , Di Maio Pasquale 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPostoperative surgical site infections (SSI) are worrisome complications after head and neck cancer surgery. Due to the lack of direct comparisons, it is difficult to indicate the best antibiotic in the setting of SSI prophylaxis for patients with head and neck cancer. For this reason, we decided to conduct a Bayesian network meta‐analysis of clinical studies evaluating various antibiotic classes for SSI prophylaxis; thus, we directly and indirectly compared all the available antibiotics in the setting of head and neck oncological surgery. We performed a systematic review and a network meta‐analysis according to the PRISMA‐NMA checklist. Regarding inclusion criteria, we included articles with retrospective or prospective design recruiting adult participants with head and neck neoplasm of any subsite that compared different antibiotics or that compared different antibiotic treatment duration with sample sizes of more than 10 patients. Overall, 310 citations were identified by the search on all databases. Of these, 250 were excluded based on title and abstract, leaving 60 publications for full text examination. Finally, 20 papers were included for data extraction and analysis. In total, 8627 patients were evaluated across the included studies. Results of the Bayesian network meta‐analysis showed that when compared to clindamycin short course, the antibiotics effective in preventing SSI were ampicillin/sulbactam or other penicillin short course (OR: 0.37, 95%CrI: 0.19–0.72), cefazolin/metronidazole short course (OR: 0.26, 95%CrI: 0.06–0.93), cefazolin (OR: 0.36, 95%CrI: 0.17–0.79), ampicillin/sulbactam long course (OR: 0.20, 95%CrI: 0.04–0.91), cefazolin/metronidazole long course (OR: 0.27, 95%CrI: 0.09–0.64), cefoperazone (OR: 0.05, 95%CrI: 0.002–0.89), cefotaxime (OR: 0.04, 95%CrI: 0.002–0.85). There was no significant difference between clindamycin and no antibiotic (OR: 2.3, 95%CrI: 0.59–9.9). Clindamycin plus aminoglycoside seemed to give a slight protection from SSI compared to clindamycin alone (OR: 0.30, 95%CrI: 0.09–0.99) or no antibiotic (OR: 0.13, 95%CrI: 0.02–067). Antibiotic prophylaxis is important in preventing SSI in head and neck cancer setting. Current evidence suggests that penicillins and cephalosporins are the best choice. Moreover, long duration course does not give any advantage compared to short course prophylaxis. Finally, it is important to implement appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis in patients that are labeled as penicillin allergic, in this regard clindamycin seems to be ineffective and, for this reason, further research is needed to provide a better care for this subset of patients.
Mothers’ psychopathology symptoms and mindful parenting in the postpartum period: The role of parental reflective functioning
Authors: Nobre‐Trindade Cristiana , Caçador Maria Inês , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Moreira Helena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPostpartum psychopathology has an adverse impact on parenting behaviors and, consequently, on the mother–infant relationship. This study aimed to explore whether the relationship between maternal anxiety and depression symptomatology in the postpartum period and the ability of mothers to adopt a mindful parenting approach is indirect and can be explained by parental reflective functioning. Two hundred ninety five Portuguese mothers of infants aged up to 12 months completed self‐report measures assessing anxiety/depression symptoms, mindful parenting, and parental reflective functioning. Mothers who reported clinically significant anxious and/or depressive symptomatology levels (21%) showed lower levels of mindful parenting and of certainty about the mental states as well as higher levels of prementalizing modes of mental states than mothers with normal symptomatology levels. An indirect effect of depressive symptomatology on mindful parenting through the two dimensions of parental reflective functioning and a direct effect of anxious symptomatology on mindful parenting were found. The results suggest that parental reflective functioning is an important explanatory mechanism of the relationship between depressive symptomatology and mindful parenting, as well as that anxious symptomatology is directly associated with mindful parenting. This study suggests that reducing anxious and depressive symptoms in the postpartum period can promote reflective and mindful parenting skills.
BAG3 induces α‐SMA expression in human fibroblasts and its over‐expression correlates with poorer survival in fibrotic cancer patients
Authors: De Marco Margot , Del Papa Nicoletta , Reppucci Francesca , Iorio Vittoria , Basile Anna , Falco Antonia , Iaccarino Roberta , Brongo Sergio , De Caro Francesco , Capunzo Mario , Turco Maria Caterina , Rosati Alessandra , Marzullo Liberato 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHypoxia and angiogenesis in solid tumors are often strictly linked to the development of fibrotic tissues, a detrimental event that compromises the antitumor immunity. As a consequence, tumor aggressiveness and poor patient prognosis relate to higher incidence of tissue fibrosis and stromal stiffness. The molecular pathways through which normal fibroblasts are converted in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a central role in the onset of fibrosis in tumor stroma, thus emerging as a strategic target of novel therapeutic approaches for cancer disease. Several studies addressed the role of BAG3 in sustaining growth and survival of cancer cell and also shed light on the different mechanisms in which the intracellular protein is involved. More recently, new pieces of evidence revealed a pivotal role of extracellular BAG3 in pro‐tumor cell signaling in the tumor microenvironment, as well as its involvement in the development of fibrosis in tumor tissues. Here we report further data showing the presence of the BAG3 receptor (Interferon‐induced transmembrane protein [IFITM]‐2) on the plasma membrane of normal dermal fibroblasts and the activity of BAG3 as a factor able to induce the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin and the phosphorylation of AKT and focal adhesion kinase, that sustain CAF functions in tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, in agreement with these findings, bag3 gene expression has been analyzed by high throughput RNA sequencing databases from patients‐derived xenografts. A strong correlation between bag3 gene expression and patients' survival was found in several types of fibrotic tumors. The results obtained provide encouraging data that identify BAG3 as a promising therapeutic target to counteract fibrosis in tumors.
A rapid lateral flow immunoassay strip for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen using latex microspheres
Authors: Shen Lin , Zhang Qihan , Luo Xiaolu , Xiao Haolin , Gu Miao , Cao Liangli , Zhao Feijun , Chen Zhencheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a highly infectious and concealed virus that causes pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and even death. Although the epidemic has been controlled since the development of vaccines and quarantine measures, many people are still infected, particularly in third‐world countries. Several methods have been developed for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2, but owing to its price and efficiency, the immune strip could be a better method for the third‐world countries.MethodsIn this study, two antibodies were linked to latex microspheres, using 1‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐3‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N‐hydroxysuccinimide, as the bridge to decrease the cost further and improve the detection performance. The specificity of the lateral flow immunoassay strip (LFIA) was tested by several common viruses and respiratory bacterial infections. Besides, the reproducibility and stability of the LFIAs were tested on the same batch of test strips. Under optimal conditions, the sensitivity of LFIA was determined by testing different dilutions of the positive specimens.ResultsThe proposed LFIAs were highly specific, and the limit of detection was as low as 25 ng/mL for SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens. The clinical applicability was evaluated with 659 samples (230 positive and 429 negative samples) by using both LFIA and rRT‐PCR. Youden’s index (J) was used to assess the performance of these diagnostic tests. The sensitivity and specificity were 98.22% and 97.93%, respectively, and J is 0.9615. The sensitivity and specificity were 98.22% and 97.93%, respectively, and J is 0.9615. In addition, the consistency of our proposed LFIA was analyzed using Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ = 0.9620).ConclusionWe found disease stage, age, gender, and clinical manifestations have only a slight influence on the diagnosis. Therefore, the lateral flow immunoassay SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen test strip is suitable for point‐of‐care detection and provides a great application for SARS‐CoV‐2 epidemic control in the third‐world countries.
The role of ferroptosis‐related genes for overall survival prediction in breast cancer
Authors: Jin Li‐Yan , Gu Yan‐lin , Zhu Qi , Li Xiao‐hua , Jiang Guo‐Qin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFerroptosis is a novel iron‐dependent form of cell death, which is implicated in various diseases including cancers. However, the influence of ferroptosis‐related genes on the prognosis of breast cancer remains unclear.MethodsRNA sequencing data of 1053 breast cancer tissue samples and 111 normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. Expression levels of 259 ferroptosis‐related genes were compared. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopedia (KEGG) analyses were conducted on differentially expressed genes. Cox univariate analysis was conducted to explore the potential prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer. Infiltrating immune cell status was assessed.ResultsA total of 66 ferroptosis‐related genes were differentially expressed in breast cancer tissues. The enriched GO terms included Biological Process (mainly included response to oxidative stress, cellular response to chemical stress, multicellular organismal homeostasis, cofactor metabolic process, response to metal ion, response to steroid hormone, cellular response to oxidative stress, transition metal ion homeostasis, iron ion homeostasis, and cellular iron ion homeostasis), Cellular Component (mainly included apical plasma membrane, early endosome, apical part of cell, lipid droplet, basolateral plasma membrane, blood microparticle, clathrin‐coated pit, caveola, astrocyte projection, and pronucleus) and Molecular Function (mainly included iron ion binding, ubiquitin protein ligase binding, oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH−OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor, ferric iron binding, aldo−keto reductase (NADP) activity, oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, steroid dehydrogenase activity, alditol:NADP+1−oxidoreductase activity, and alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity). The enriched KEGG pathway mainly included the HIF‐1 signaling pathway, NOD‐like receptor signaling pathway, ferroptosis, IL‐17 signaling pathway, central carbon metabolism in cancer, PPAR signaling pathway, PD‐L1 expression, and PD‐1 checkpoint pathway in cancer. Among them, 38 ferroptosis‐related genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. The prognostic model was constructed, and breast cancer patients in low‐risk group had a better prognosis. In addition, risk score of ferroptosis prognostic model was negatively correlated with B cells (r = −0.063, p = 0.049), CD8+ T cells (r = −0.083, p = 0.010), CD4+ T cells (r = −0.097, p = 0.002), neutrophils (r = −0.068, p = 0.033), and dendritic cells (r = 0.088, p = 0.006).ConclusionsThe ferroptosis pathway plays a key role in breast cancer. Some differentially expressed ferroptosis‐related genes can be used as prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.