bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysphagia, Dysphonia, and Dysarthria Outcomes Among Adults Hospitalized With COVID‐19 Across Ireland
Authors: Regan Julie , Walshe Margaret , Lavan Sarah , Horan Eanna , Murphy Patricia Gillivan , Healy Anne , Langan Caoimhe , Malherbe Karen , Murphy Breda Flynn , Cremin Maria , Hilton Denise , Cavaliere Jenni , Curley Jacinta , Moloney Andrea , Flanagan Grace , Whyte Alice 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the presence, degree, predictors, and trajectory of dysphagia, dysphonia, and dysarthria among adults hospitalized with COVID‐19 across the Republic of Ireland (ROI) during the first wave of the pandemic.Study DesignProspective observational cohort study.MethodsAdults with confirmed COVID‐19 who were admitted into 14 participating acute hospitals across ROI and referred to speech and language therapy between March 1st and June 30th, 2020 were recruited. Outcomes obtained at initial SLT evaluation and at discharge were oral intake status (Functional Oral Intake Scale), perceptual voice quality (GRBAS), and global dysarthria rating (Dysarthria Severity Scale).ResultsData from 315 adults were analyzed. At initial SLT assessment, 84% required modified oral diets, and 31% required tube feeding. There were high rates of dysphonia (42%) and dysarthria (23%). History of intubation (OR 19.959, 95% CI 6.272, 63.513; P = .000), COVID‐19 neurological manifestations (OR 3.592, 95% CI 1.733, 7.445; P = .001), and age (OR 1.034; 95% CI 1.002, 1.066; P = .036) were predictive of oral intake status. History of intubation was predictive of voice quality (OR 4.250, 95% CI 1.838, 9.827; P = .001) and COVID‐19 neurological manifestations were predictive of dysarthria (OR 2.275; 95% CI 1.162, 4.456; P = .017). At discharge, there were significant improvements in oral intake (Z = ‐7.971; P = .000), voice quality (Z = ‐5.971; P = .000), and dysarthria severity (Z = ‐2.619; P = .009), although need for modified oral intake (59%), dysphonia (23%), and dysarthria (14%) persisted.ConclusionDysphagia, dysphonia, and dysarthria were widespread among adults hospitalized with COVID‐19 and they persisted for many at discharge. Prompt SLT evaluation is required to minimize complications.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1251–1259, 2022
Reprocessable and Self‐Healing Shape Memory Epoxy Resin Based on Biphenyl Mesogen and Siloxane
Authors: Xu Weiming , Pan Yi , Deng Jinni , Yin Lv , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Xiaobin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractShape memory epoxy resin has a high potential for applications in various fields such as space deployable structures and actuators. In order to meet the requirements of application and extend the materials' service life, it is highly desirable to develop a shape memory epoxy resin with good properties of shape memory, reprocessing, and self‐healing. In this work, a shape memory epoxy resin based on the orientable biphenyl mesogen and the dynamic siloxane is fabricated successfully via anion ring‐opening polymerization. The resulting epoxy resin exhibits excellent shape memory performance, good reprocessing ability, good self‐healing property, and triple shape memory effect (triple‐SME).
Unprecedented Processable Hypercrosslinked Polymers with Controlled Knitting
Authors: Wang Shaolei , Zhang Chengxin , Liu Qingsong , Tan Bien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProcessable microporous organic polymers (MOPs) attract incomparable research interest because their vairous types, such as monoliths and membranes are for practical application. Most processable MOPs usually need harsh conditions such as the use of expensive metal catalysts, specialized stereospecific monomers, etc., which restrict the sustainable and real applications of processable MOPs. Therefore, the economical mass production of processable MOPs remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a novel strategy is reported for constructing processable hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) need two steps synthesis of pre‐crosslinking and deep‐crosslinking using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a self‐crosslinking monomer under the catalysis of a small amount of FeCl3. The resulting HCPs monoliths possess high BET surface area of 1033–1056 m2 g−1 with hierarchical porosity, and show excellent mechanical strength up to 65 MPa. It is, to the best of authors' knowledge, the first report of using aromatic vinyl monomers as self‐crosslinking monomers to generate HCPs monoliths with high surface area, yielding no by‐products, and high mechanical strength.
The use of pedicled chimeric superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap as lymphatic interpositional flap for deep thigh defect reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar , Fuchs Bruno 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe tumors affecting the thigh region are complex to manage, requiring a patient‐tailored and multidisciplinary approach. Because of their aggressiveness, soft tissue sarcomas (STS) often grow very quickly and they must be removed before they might cause major impairments. A safe margin excision may lead to large defects that require a surgical reconstruction with either free or pedicled flaps. Another relevant aspect, which is gaining more and more attention in the last few years, regards the lymphatic complications that commonly occur after these procedures. The thigh region anatomically accommodates the major lymphatics responsible for the whole leg drainage, and these vessels are often inevitably compromised during the tumor removal. For this reason, plastic surgeons should take into account not only to the aesthetic and functional result, but they should also try to prevent lymphatic sequelae such as lymphocele and lymphedema. The purpose of this report is to describe the potential of a pedicled SCIP flap, used as a lymphatic interpositional flap, in order to restore the lymphatic drainage of the thigh after a major impairment. A 57‐year‐old patient presenting a thigh sarcoma received a surgical excision leaving a 35 cm × 25 cm defect affecting the anterior compartment. To fulfill all these concerns, a lymphatic interpositional SCIP flap was performed, in pedicled and chimeric fashion. It allowed to completely bury a large (35 cm × 16 cm) soft tissue island, preserving a smaller (5 cm × 4 cm) skin paddle to monitor the whole flap survival. Moreover, the lymphatic issue was faced by preserving the lymphatic vessels running into the flap and moving them into the affected area in order to enhance the lymphatic neo‐angiogenesis and offering an additional pattern for lymph drainage. Post‐operative course was uneventful and at 9 months follow up the reconstructive result was successful with no signs of lymphatic sequelae. Therefore, we believe that the SCIP flap might be a promising solution for small‐to‐moderate size thigh defect reconstructions since it is able to satisfy all the typical requirements of this delicate region.
Effect of Reversal of Whey‐Protein to Casein Ratio of Cow Milk, on Insulin, Incretin, and Amino Acid Responses in Humans
Authors: Toffolon Alessandro , de Rocco‐Ponce Maurizio , Vettore Monica , Iori Elisabetta , Lante Anna , Tessari Paolo 
Published: October 2021

ScopeMilk‐proteins, besides lactose, stimulate insulin and incretin secretion. Although whey‐proteins (WP) are more efficient than casein (Cas) in hormone secretion, the effects of reversal of the (WP/Cas) ratio in whole‐milk are poorly known.Methods and ResultsHealthy volunteers received two different cow‐milk drinks, at identical lactose (0.36 g × kg−1 BW) and total‐protein (0.18 g × kg1 BW) loads, but at reversed WP/Cas ratio. One is cow‐whole milk with a ≈20/80 [WP/Cas] ratio, the other an experimental cow‐milk with a ≈70/30 [WP/Cas] ratio ([↑WP↓Cas]‐milk). Both milk‐types induced the same mild hyperglycemic response. Following [↑WP↓Cas]‐milk, the [20′–90′] insulin incremental area (iAUC) (+ ≈44%, p < 0.035), and the [20′–120′] C‐peptide iAUC (+ ≈47%, p < 0.015) are greater than those with cow‐milk. Similarly, following [↑WP↓Cas]‐milk, the GLP‐1 [20′–90′] iAUC (+96%, p < 0.025), and the GIP [30′–60′] iAUC (+140%, p < 0.006), were greater than those with cow‐milk. Plasma total and branched‐chain amino acids are also greater following the [↑WP↓Cas] than cow‐milk.ConclusionsReversal of the (WP/Cas) ratio in cow‐milk enhanced the insulin response, an effect possibly mediated by incretins and/or amino acids(s). These data may be useful in designing specific milk formulas with different effects on insulin and incretin response(s).
Dietary Exposure to the Food Contaminant Deoxynivalenol Triggers Colonic Breakdown by Activating the Mitochondrial and the Death Receptor Pathways
Authors: Payros Delphine , Alassane‐Kpembi Imourana , Laffitte Joelle , Lencina Corine , Neves Manon , Bracarense Ana Paula , Pinton Philippe , Ménard Sandrine , Oswald Isabelle P. 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe food contamination by mycotoxins is of increasing public health concerns. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin contaminating cereals, has been associated with the exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), thereby raising the question of its role in the development of IBD. Moreover, the effect of DON on the colon is poorly described.Methods and ResultsWistar rats exposed (1–4 weeks) to low doses of DON (2 or 9 mg kg−1 feed) show microscopic alterations of colonic tissue (dilated lymphatic vessels, luminal debris, and cubic and flattened enterocytes). Ingestion of DON also alters colonic functions by increasing paracellular permeability while reducing the expression of the tight junction proteins and increased apoptosis in colonic tissue. Pro‐apoptotic factors Bax/Bak, cytochrome C, and caspase 9 are upregulated, whereas expression of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl2 tends to decrease for the mitochondrial pathway. An increased expression of FasR and caspase‐8 is observed for the extrinsic pathway. An increase in the pro‐inflammatory markers TNFα, IL‐17, and myeloperoxidase is also observed.ConclusionThese results indicate that the dietary exposure to low levels of DON in food targets the colon inducing a health‐threatening breakdown of the colonic barrier, highlighting oral exposure to DON as a potential risk factor in triggering IBD.
Optical properties enhancement with multilayer coating technique of additive‐enhanced zinc oxide nanostructure for fiber Bragg grating humidity sensor
Authors: Riza Muhammad Arif , Go Yun Ii , Maier Robert R. J. , Harun Sulaiman Wadi , Anas Siti Barirah Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA humidity sensing material is usually hygroscopic in nature and can allow sites for water adsorption. The hygroscopic material is usually coated in various devices for sensing enhancement. A zinc oxide additive‐enhanced nanostructure (ZnO‐HMT) was coated repeatedly on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) have been fabricated. The sensing material was synthesized for the purpose of characterizing its capability in enhancement of relative humidity sensing of uniformly grated core optical fibers with multiple layers of sensing layer. The coating and annealing process was repeated for at least three times resulting three layers of ZnO‐HMT coated on an FBG fiber. Observed microscopy images showed that the thickest coating began to form larger lumps on the sensor surface, but absence of any gaps present. Reflectivity power was observed to be greatest for triple layered samples due to the coating possibly containing the light propagation and prevent evanescent leakages. Analysis with optical spectrum analyzer detects notable wavelength shifts at sensing range of 60–80 %RH and a significant increase of sensitivity for triple layered samples.
Sperm MMP‐2 is indispensable for fast electrical block to polyspermy at fertilization in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Watabe Mami , Hiraiwa Azusa , Sakai Mami , Ueno Tomoyo , Ueno Shuichi , Nakajima Keisuke , Yaoita Yoshio , Iwao Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSperm matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) is necessary for frog fertilization. Monospermy is ensured by a fast, electrical block to polyspermy mediated by a positive fertilization potential. To determine the role of the MMP‐2 hemopexin domain (HPX) in a fast block to polyspermy during fertilization of the frog, Xenopus tropicalis, we prepared mutant frogs deficient in mmp2 gene using the transcription activator‐like effector nuclease method. mmp2 ΔHPX (−/−) sperm without MMP‐2 protein were able to fertilize wild‐type (WT; +/+) eggs. However, polyspermy occurred in some eggs. The mutant sperm generated a normal fertilization potential amounting to 10 mV, and were able to fertilize eggs at 10 mV, at which WT sperm never fertilized. Sensitivity during voltage‐dependent fertilization decreased in mutant sperm. This study demonstrates for the first time that the genetic alteration of the MMP‐2 molecule in sperm causes polyspermy during fertilization of a monospermic species. Our findings provide reliable evidence that sperm MMP‐2 is indispensable for the fast, electrical block to polyspermy during Xenopus fertilization.
Biological roles of l‐carnitine in oocyte and early embryo development
Authors: Li Jiajian , Liu Lingyan , Weng Jing , Yin Tai‐lang , Yang Jing , Feng Huai L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPoor oocyte quality is responsible for female infertility. Multiple studies have been carried out to find supplements to enhance oocyte quality and mitigate infertility problems. l‐carnitine and its derivatives have diverse roles in developing oocytes and early embryos. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo studies that using
l‐carnitine alone or in combination with other supplements for oocyte quality enhancement. The key roles of
l‐carnitine in oocyte quality and embryo growth were summarized, and the underlying mechanism was also elucidated.
l‐carnitine helps in the lipid metabolism process by controlling the transfer of fatty acids to mitochondria for β‐oxidation.
l‐carnitine modulates glucose metabolism and enhances respiratory chain enzyme activity. Furthermore, it acts as an antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage and inhibit apoptosis, a signal in response to oxidative stress. Results show the potential of
l‐carnitine as a potential agent in assisted reproductive technology to improve oocyte quality and the subsequent embryonic development.
Dual‐phase imaging of cardiac metabolism using hyperpolarized pyruvate
Authors: Ma Junjie , Malloy Craig R. , Pena Salvador , Harrison Crystal E. , Ratnakar James , Zaha Vlad G. , Park Jae Mo 
Published: October 2021

PurposePrevious cardiac imaging studies using hyperpolarized (HP) [1‐13C]pyruvate were acquired at end‐diastole (ED). Little is known about the interaction between cardiac cycle and metabolite content in the myocardium. In this study, we compared images of HP pyruvate and products at end‐systole (ES) and ED.MethodsA dual‐phase 13C MRI sequence was implemented to acquire two sequential HP images within a single cardiac cycle at ES and ED during successive R‐R intervals in an interleaved manner. Each healthy volunteer (N = 3) received two injections of HP [1‐13C]pyruvate for the dual‐phase imaging on the short‐axis and the vertical long‐axis planes. Spatial distribution of HP 13C metabolites at each cardiac phase was correlated to multiphase 1H MRI to confirm the mechanical changes. Ratios of myocardial HP metabolites were compared between ES and ED. Segmental analysis was performed on the midcavity short‐axis plane.ResultsIn addition to mechanical changes, metabolic profiles of the heart detected by HP [1‐13C]pyruvate differed between ES and ED. The myocardial signal of [13C]bicarbonate relative to [1‐13C]lactate was significantly smaller at ED than the ratio at ES (p < .05), particularly in mid‐anterior and mid‐inferoseptal segments. The distinct metabolic profiles in the myocardium likely reflect the technical aspects of the imaging approach such as the coronary flow in addition to the cyclical changes in metabolism.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that metabolic profiles of the heart, measured by HP [1‐13C]pyruvate, are affected by the cardiac cycle in which that the data are acquired.
Long‐term postoperative follow‐up results of transobturator autologous rectus fascial sling versus transobturator tension‐free vaginal tapes for female stress urinary incontinence: Randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kilinc Muhammet F. , Yildiz Yildiray , Hascicek Ahmet M. , Doluoglu Omer G. , Tokat Eda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the outcomes of a new surgical technique for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThis randomized study included 132 index patients from January 2017 to May 2021, 60 applied with autologous facia and 60 with transobturator tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT‐O). The primary endpoint was dryness (negative stress test and 0 pad use per day) and this was assessed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The secondary endpoints were the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire short form (ICIQ‐SF) and the urinary incontinence quality of life (QoL) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.ResultsThe dryness rate at 24 months was 92.4% (49/53) for patients with transobturator autologous rectus fascial sling (TO‐AFS) and 94.6% (53/56) for those with TVT‐O (p = 0.47). No difference was determined between the TO‐AFS and TVT‐O groups in respect of the ICIQ‐SF and QoL scores at 2 years postoperatively (p = 0.87). There were five postoperative complications in the TO‐AFS group (one urinary retention, one hematoma at suprapubic incision line, and three intermittent groin pains) and four in the TVT‐O group (four persistent groin pain) (p = 0.98).ConclusionsThe objective cure rates of the 24‐month outcomes of TO‐AFS indicate that this novel surgical technique seems to be a highly effective, safe, and feasible procedure for the treatment of SUI, but further studies including long‐term follow‐up are mandatory to confirm these preliminary data.
Technical note—Knowledge gradient for selection with covariates: Consistency and computation
Authors: Ding Liang , Hong L. Jeff , Shen Haihui , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKnowledge gradient is a design principle for developing Bayesian sequential sampling policies to solve optimization problems. In this paper, we consider the ranking and selection problem in the presence of covariates, where the best alternative is not universal but depends on the covariates. In this context, we prove that under minimal assumptions, the sampling policy based on knowledge gradient is consistent, in the sense that following the policy the best alternative as a function of the covariates will be identified almost surely as the number of samples grows. We also propose a stochastic gradient ascent algorithm for computing the sampling policy and demonstrate its performance via numerical experiments.
Systematic review of clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about nutrition in intensive care
Authors: Lyons Gemma C. E. , Summers Matthew J. , Marshall Andrea P. , Chapple Lee‐anne S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNutrition is a key component of care for critically ill patients; yet nutrition delivery is below international recommendations. In order to improve nutrition delivery to critically ill patients, an understanding of the barriers that prevent guideline adherence is required. It is known that clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of the role of nutrition may act as a potential barrier to nutrition delivery, but whether this remains true in critical care is unknown. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to summarize the literature exploring the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of clinicians around nutrition support in critically ill patients. A search of four online databases (MEDLINE via Ovid, Emcare via Ovid, PsycINFO, and CINAHL via EBSCOhost) was conducted on August 14, 2020, to identify literature that reported on clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of nutrition in adult intensive care patients. Data were extracted on study and participant characteristics, methodology, and key study outcomes related to nutrition. Eighteen articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Key findings included the following: nutrition was seen as a priority that ranked below life‐saving interventions; differences in perceived clinician responsibilities exist; common barriers to nutrition delivery included inadequate resourcing, lack of nutrition protocols, and gastrointestinal intolerance; and identified facilitators included nutrition education and the presence of a supportive multidisciplinary team. The implementation of nutrition protocols, enhanced clinical nutrition education, and further clarification of roles and responsibilities pertaining to nutrition may assist in improving nutrition delivery in critical care.
Diet and urbanisation in medieval Holland. Studying dietary change through carious lesions and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Schats Rachel , van Hattum IJk , Kootker Lisette M. , Hoogland Menno L.P. , Waters‐Rist Andrea L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the late medieval period, Holland experienced substantial socio‐economic change. While the region was largely undeveloped prior to 1200 CE, the period after was characterised by extensive urbanisation and flourishing international trade, changes that would have impacted many aspects of life. This paper investigates the effect of these changes on diet by comparing skeletal collections from the early/central medieval rural village of Blokhuizen (800–1200 CE) to the late medieval urban town of Alkmaar (1448–1572 CE) using a combination of the prevalence and location of carious lesions (nteeth = 3475) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data (n = 50). Results show that the urban Alkmaar population had a significantly higher caries frequency (7.4% vs. 16.1%), starting at a younger age. Moreover, Alkmaar had significantly more approximal caries. These results point to increased consumption of cariogenic products, such as sugars and starches, by the urban citizens. Dietary differences are also demonstrated by the stable isotope data. Alkmaar individuals have significantly enrichedδ15N ratios and more variableδ13C ratios compared with rural Blokhuizen. The elevatedδ15N values may be due to increased consumption of fish or animals such as omnivorous pigs and chickens. The combination of caries and isotopic data points to clear changes in diet suggesting that urban individuals in the late medieval period had a substantially different diet compared with early rural inhabitants from the same area. Specifically, an increase in market dependence, availability of international trade products, and the growth of commercial fishing in the late medieval period may have contributed to this dietary shift. Future research should include a late medieval rural population to better understand the effects of late medieval socio‐economic developments outside of the urban environment. This study demonstrates that the integration of palaeopathology and stable isotopic research provides a more complete understanding of dietary changes in medieval Holland.