bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of optimal control to tuberculosis model with parameter estimations: Bayesian approach
Authors: Mlay Goodluck M , Hugo Alfred K 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, one-strain tuberculosis (TB) model with two control mechanisms, education campaigns and chemoprophylaxis of TB-infected patients, was studied to determine their effects on the reduction of latent and active TB cases. In the case of analysis, boundedness and positivity of the model solutions were carried out to determine the biological feasibility of the study. Besides, the calibration of the parameters by utilizing the identifiability technique through the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was thoroughly analysed. The optimum conditions for controlling TB were derived from the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The numerical simulations were carried out using the forward-back sweep method with the help of the Runge-Kutta fourth-order numerical schemes. Simulation results showed that the education campaigns strategy is more effective in reducing TB infections than the chemoprophylaxis of TB-infected individuals. The combination of the two control strategies reduces a significant number of infections than when each strategy is used on its own. To minimize the transmission of TB from the community, we recommend the education campaigns strategy be a focal point and treatment of latent TB to be paired with the treatment of active TB cases.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Education campaigns, Chemoprophylaxis, MCMC
Biodiesel production by esterification of ricinoleic acid over a series of synthesized sulfated zirconia catalysts
Authors: Elimbinzi Elianaso , Nyandoro Stephen 
Published: July 2021

A series of sulfated zirconia (SZ) were synthesized and evaluated for catalytic esterification of ricinoleic acid obtained from the castor oil with butanol at 110 °C. The effect of alcohols’ chain length was studied using butanol (C4), propanol (C3), ethanol (C2) and methanol (C1) at 65 °C, and reflux of corresponding alcohol boiling points. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using nitrogen porosimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Analysis of ricinoleic conversion was performed using gas chromatography. Sulfuric acid loading improved the surface area of zirconia at a lower dose. The surface areas of the catalysts increased as the concentrations of sulfuric acid solution were increased from 0.025 to 0.10 M, after which the decline was observed. SZ obtained at 0.05 M H2SO4 (0.05SZ) gave the optimal catalytic activity compared to the other series of SZ used. The ricinoleic acid conversion decreased with increase of alcohol alkyl chain from C1-C4 at 65 °C, but increased under the reflux temperature of the corresponding alcohols, with the maximum conversion being 47% at 118 °C for the reaction involving butanol. Overall, the synthesized SZ catalysts are deployable in biodiesel production from castor oil upon optimizing other conditions.
Keywords: Ricinoleic acid; Sulfated zirconia; Biodiesel production
Clima organizacional y desempeño docente en la institución educativa N° 7088 “Vicealmirante Gerónimo Cafferata Marazzi”, Villa María del Triunfo, Lima 2020.
Authors: Sancho Paredes Marlene 
Published: July 2021

Los estudios sobre clima organizacional y desempeño docente en las instituciones educativas, tienen especial relevancia para la calidad en la educación básica regular que surge como una reveladora problemática. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo: determinar la relación entre el clima organizacional y desempeño docente en el colegio “Vicealmirante Gerónimo Cafferata” N. 7088 de Villa María del Triunfo en Lima, Perú. Con enfoque cuantitativo, es un diseño no experimental, tipo básico, bivariada, correlacional y de nivel transversa, que utiliza como instrumento de recolección de datos dos cuestionarios y cuya población y muestra fue de 30 profesores.
El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico y diseño no experimental, correlacional de corte transversal, y utilizó cuestionarios para la recolección de datos con una población y muestra de 30 docentes utilizó el coeficiente rho de Spearman para la contrastación hipotética. En cuyos resultados y discusión encontramos que existe relación significativa moderada y directa. Entre ambas variables: el clima organizacional y el desempeño docente de la Institución educativa 7088.
La fundamentación logicista de la matemática
Authors: Carnap Rudolf 
Published: July 2021

Se trata de la traducción al español de Valeria Sol Valiño del texto clásico de Rudolf Carnap “La fundamentación logicista de la matemática”, cuyo título original es “Die logizistische Grundlegung der Mathematik” y fue presentado en el Simposio de Königsberg sobre Fundamentos de la Matemática de 1930, publicándose en Erkenntnis en 1931.
Media Pembelajaran Sistem Reproduksi Hewan Dengan Multimedia Berbasis Cooperative Learning
Authors: Arianti Intan , Sri Winar Sri Winar , Fajri Riyadhul 
Published: July 2021

Penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam proses belajar mengajar dapat membangkitkan keinginan dan minat yang baru, membangkitkan motivasi dan rangsangan kegiatan pembelajaran dan bahkan membawa pengaruh-pengaruh psikologis terhadap siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat suatu media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam proses pembelajaran tentang sistem reproduksi hewan dengan multimedia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode studi pustaka , yaitu Dalam penelitian ini penulis mencari dan mempelajari jurnal-jurnal, buku-buku, artikel-artikel laporan penelitian dan bahan-bahan yang diperoleh dari internet yang berkaitan dengan topik pembahasan skripsi. Pembuatan media pembelajaran ini menggunakan program Macromedia Flash Pro 8
PENGARUH DAYA TARIK PRODUK, WORD OF MOUTH, NILAI PELANGGAN TERHADAP MINAT BELI KONSUMEN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA SUPERMARKET CITRA NIAGA (SURVEY PADA KONSUMEN SUPERMARKET CITRA NIAGA DI KOTA PONTIANAK)
Authors: Steven Steven 
Published: July 2021

The attractiveness of products, word of mouth, and good customer value will of course attract consumer buying interest in the midst of the corona virus (covid-19) pandemic. Customers who are satisfied with the product purchased will of course be loyal to the company concerned. This study wants to prove the effect of each variable, namely product attractiveness, word of mouth, and customer value on consumer buying interest in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic at Citra Niaga Pontianak supermarket. Based on previous research and linked to the supporting theory put forward by experts using the SPSS program as a statistical data processing tool. This type of research is associative research. In this study, researchers used a nonprobability sampling technique because the researcher did not know the total number of members of the population under study. While the sampling technique used in this study was accidental sampling with a population of 100 people as the sample.
OUTCOME OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE REQUIRING INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ADMISSION AT A SINGLE CENTER IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Afroz Mehr , Zafar Syed Furqan , Ahmad Ejaz , Akhter Syed Fazal 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the outcome of patients with end-stage renal disease requiring intensive care unit admission at a single center in Pakistan.Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Nephrology Intensive Care Unit of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, from Sep 2018 to Jan 2019.
Methodology: After approval from the research advisory board of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, all consecutive adult patients (≥18 years) of either gender with end-stage renal disease with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <15 ml/min/1.73 m2 and bilateral irreversible structural abnormalities of kidneys on ultrasound who required intensive care unit admission were included in the study.
Results: Among 205 patients, 117 (57.1%) were males. The mean age was 44.16 ± 14.18 years. Hypertension, 125 (61%), was most common co-morbidity, followed by diabetes in 73 (35.6%) cases and other rare conditions. Regarding indications for intensive care unit admission, severe metabolic acidosis 68 (33.25%) was the most common indication, followed by altered sensorium in 43 (21%), sepsis in 36 (17.6%) and others. Overall intensive care unitmortality rate was 31.7% (63/205). The total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of alive patients, on 1st and last day was 88.29 and 71.58, respectively, while of expired patients was 134.68 and 170.68, respectively. Significant association of mortality with diabetes and hypertension was observed.
Conclusion: Higher mortality rates were observed for end-stage renal disease patients requiring intensive care unit admission in our set-up. Higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were observed both on admission and.........
EFFECT OF PAIRED FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING
Authors: Zia Qamar , Arif Nighat , Sadiq Tahira 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the effect of paired formative assessment on students’ learning.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018.
Methodology: A total of 160 students who attended otolaryngology module were included in the study. Randomized allocation was done by computerized software programme and students were divided into 2 groups i.e. experimental (group A) and control group (group B). Later on in group A, pairing of students was done by lottery method. Group A and B were dealt with paired and individual formative assessment respectively. Effectiveness of both methods of learning was calculated on the basis of academic scores obtained in tests consisting of 20 MCQs from predefined and taught syllabus. A p-value were obtained by applying independent sample t-test and considered statistically significant at 0.05.
Results: Out of 160 participants, 94 (58.7%) were females and 66 (41.3%) were males. In individual testing phase mean scores of group A was 13.36 ± 2.22 and mean scores of group B was 13.24 ± 2.5 (p 0.861). In paired formative assessment phase, mean scores of group A was 16.70 ± 1.94 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) and mean of scores of group B was 13.40 ± 2.23 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) p=0.001.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of paired formative assessment. This method provides students a conducive environment to achieve learning objectives.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF 1H-MRS IN PROGNOSTICATION OF PERINATAL ASPHYXIA, KEEPING CLINICAL NEUROMOTOR SCORING SYSTEM IN COMPARISON
Authors: Anwar Javed , Aqeel Hafsa , Ullah Hidayat , Khan Muhammad Usman , Jadoon Rizwan Abdul Malik , Tahir Sadia 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of 1H- magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging findings in predicting neurodevelopmental abnorma-lities in term neonates having respiratory distress, using clinical neurological examination as reference standard.
Study Design: Cross sectional validation study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging (AFIRI), Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Oct 2017 to Apr 2018.
Methodology: A total of 86 patients were included in study. All term neonates suspected of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) referred for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) meeting our inclusion criteria were enrolled for study acquisition after taking informed consent from attendants.
Results: Approximately 47 out of 86 patients suspected to have perinatal asphyxia showed raised lactate peaks (resonating at 1.3 ppm) in both watershed and ganglionic regions and at 6 months neurological evaluation showed significantly delayed neurological development and delayed milestones. Seven (8.1%) patients clinically suspected to have birth asphyxia showed no specific detectable spectral spikes at 1.31 ppm. Twenty six (30.2%) patients presenting with delayed cry but no laboratory evidence of birth asphyxia showed no definite evidence of visualization of lactate peaks. Six (6.97%) patients showed normal magnetic resonance spectroscopy who had clinical, biochemical suspicion of systemic ischemic insult and later on showed retarded neurodevelopment at 6 months of age.
Conclusion: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) spectra in patients having high documented clinical and biochemical suspicion of transitory birth asphyxia from any cause, acquired at frontal watershed territory and deep grey matter showed a characteristic spectral resonance of...............
EFFECTIVENESS OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED MODIFIED PECTORAL NERVE BLOCK (PECS II) FOR POST-OPERATIVE PAIN RELIEF AFTER MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY (MRM)
Authors: Riaz Azmat , Saleem Mudasir , Mahmood Khalid , Majeed Kaukab , Hussain Zaki , Jafri Asad Ullah 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To find the effectiveness of ultrasound guided modified pectoral nerve block (PECS II) versus conventional analgesics for post-operative pain relief in women undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May 2018 to Oct 2019.
Methodology: A total of 74 adult female patients scheduled for elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy under general anaesthesia were randomized into two groups, pectoral nerve block II (P) group (n=37) and control (C) group (n=37). An ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block II block was performed using 30 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine in pectoral nerve block II group after induction of general anaesthesia. In control group (C), patients received only general anaesthesia. Primary outcome measure was opioid consumption in first 24 hours, and the secondary outcome was pain at the breast and axillary region measured using the numerical rating scale (NRS) in first 24 hours at fixed intervals after surgery. Patient satisfaction was evaluated upon discharge using a 4-point scale.
Results: Nalbuphine consumption was significantly reduced in pectoral nerve block group as compared to control group. Patients in pectoral nerve block II group experienced much less pain because their numerical rating scale was lower than the control group in postoperative period. Patient satisfaction was found to be high in pectoral nerve block II group.
Conclusion: The pectoral nerve block II block is a simple block which provides excellent analgesia for modified radical mastectomy. It can be used for balanced anaesthesia.......
RENAL TRANSPLANT RELATED ANAESTHESIA EXPERIENCE, CONSIDERATIONS AND PRACTICE OVERVIEW OF AFIU, RAWALPINDI
Authors: Ahmad Maqsood , Zafar Rafiq , Akmal Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To describe our experience of renal transplant operations in our institute.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2016 to Sep 2019.
Methodology: A total of 170 living related renal transplants were included in this study. Soda bicarbonate was given intra operatively to recipients according to arterial blood gas results. Blood transfusion was done where indicated.
Results: Out of 340 (100 %) patients, 170 (50%) were living related donors and 170 (50%) were transplant recipients General anesthesia was the technique of choice. Three (1.76%) recipients out of 170 were awaked from anesthesia and postponed. Five (2.94%) patients were reopened on the same evening and 2 (1.17%) patients had transplant nephrectomy over a period 1 month. Soda bicarbonate was given to 143 (84.1%) and blood transfusion in 4 (2.35%) transplant recipients where as one patient had anaphylaxis intra-operatively.
Conclusion: Living related kidney transplant is the standard transplant procedure in our institute because of non-availability of cadaveric donor. It’s now time that deceased donor program be started in Pakistan due to increased cases of renal failure and decreased living donors.
COMPARISON OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND HAEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES TO INSERTION OF THE I - GEL AND ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE IN ELECTIVE OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SURGERIES
Authors: Abbas Sana , Rafique Aisha , Dilshad Dr , Abbas Beenish 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare I–Gel versus endotracheal tube effects on hemodynamic stability and intraocular pressure in patients undergoing elective ophthalmological surgeries.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2019 to Oct 2020.
Methodology: A total of 108 patients undergoing elective ophthalmological surgeries under general anesthesia from both genders, age range between 18-45 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists status I or II were included. General anesthesia given following standard procedures and monitoring. Heart rate, Systolic & Diastolic blood pressure monitored and intraocular pressure measured in each eye with Reichert ton open at baseline, upon insertion of airway device and 5 minutes after insertion.
Results: Total 108 patients enrolled in the study with a mean age of 37.74 ± 6.0 years and age-range of 18-45. Heart rate at Insertion in I-Gel group was 78.14 ± 3.41 beats per minute whereas in intubated group was 97.20 ± 2.84 beats per minute, mean systolic blood pressure at insertion in group A and B was 115.28 ± 5.3 and 130.44 ± 2.81mm of Hg respectively. Intraocular pressure at insertion right eye in group A and B was 12.04 ± 0.48 and 17.98 ± 0.42 mm of Hg respectively. Intraocular pressure at insertion left eye in group A was 12.12 ± 0.45 whereas in group B was 17.95 ± 0.38mm of Hg (p-value=0.001).
Conclusion: I–Gel provides better hemodynamic profile and intraocular pressure stability when compared with endotracheal tube.
Diálogo entre os estudos pós-coloniais e o feminismo latino-americano na compreensão do patriarcado na constituição da América Latina
Authors: Santos Aline Renata dos , Da Silva Janssen Felipe 
Published: July 2021

O artigo realiza um diálogo entre os Estudos Pós-coloniais (Grosfoguel, 2008; Mignolo, 2011; Quijano, 2005) e o Feminismo Latino-americano (Lugones, 2008; Paredes, 2011; Saffioti, 2015) para analisar o patriarcado como elemento constitutivo da América Latina, que sobrevive através das heranças coloniais, e compreender os novos desafios de luta e mobilização política de enfrentamento ao patriarcado. Este diálogo é relevante uma vez que as heranças coloniais que assolam às mulheres têm o seu cerne no patriarcado colonial-moderno, que impôs às mulheres da Abya Yala[1] e da África à condição de não sujeitos. Essa imposição consolidou um modelo de organização político-social referenciado no homem-branco-heterossexual-patriarcal-cristão. Tal organização não só estabeleceu um modo de ser mulher, como também gerou hierarquias intragênero que possuem como termômetro os marcadores de raça-etnia, classe social, território, sexualidade que ao se interseccionarem intensificam às subalternizações. [1] Segundo Porto-Gonçalves (2009, p. 25), “significa Terra em florescimento e é sinônimo de América”.
Tradução de “Realism and Reason” de Hilary Putnam
Authors: Rocha Renato Mendes , Putnam Hilary Whitehall 
Published: July 2021

Texto apresentado na conferência de Abertura do 73º Encontro Anual da Associação Filosófica Americana (Divisão Leste), realizada em 29 de Dezembro de 1976, em Boston, Massachusetts e publicado em Proceedings and Address of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 50, No. 6 (Aug., 1977), pp. 483-498
ESPORTE NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR ESPORTE E ESCOLA
Authors: Santos Bruno Freitas 
Published: July 2021

A educação esportiva é uma excelente aliada para um ensino muito mais amplo e integral sendo, indispensável para o resgate da cidadania e dos valores éticos e sociais. Objetivo: Apresentar a relevância do esporte dentro da realidade escolar, visando construir um trabalho uito mais produtivo e atraente. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, fazendo um apanhado de autores que apontam caminhos a serem trilhados por meio do esporte rumo a uma educação muito mais significativa. Resultados: Verificou que a escola e o esporte são dois elementos de grande pertinência para a formação e construção da cidadania, do caráter e da identidade humana. Discussão: Foi fundamentada na obra de autores como Avelar (2015), Galatti (2010) e Focault (2012) dentre outros. Conclusões: Concluímos que a educação aliada com o esporte possibilita uma aprendizagem muito mais significativa e integradora.
SÍNDROME DA FIBROMIALGIA EM ATLETAS DE HANDEBOL FEMININO: Uma breve revisão
Authors: De Amorim Raíssa Gabrielly Maria , Benício Stefany Leal , Da Silva Erick Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

A fibromialgia é uma síndrome de caráter reumático de etiologia pouco esclarecida, caracterizada por dor musculoesquelética crônica, prevalente no sexo feminino, gerando sintomas como: ansiedade, depressão, rigidez, cefaleia e fadiga generalizada.
Analysis on the Performance of a Second-order and a Third-order RLC Circuit of PRBS Generator
Authors: Faudzi Ahmad’ ‘Athif Mohd , Zhang Na 
Published: July 2021

A pseudo-binary random signal (PRBS) has been widely utilized for system identification in complex signals to develop an experimental approach. PRBS generator is a circuit that generates pseudo-random numbers. This work aims to analyze the best fit value of the PRBS generator with second-order and third-order under-damped black-box RLC circuit of the estimated model. The procedures conducting here can be divided into three parts. First, to design two black boxes using the RLC circuit representing a critically under-damped second-order and third-order system. PRBS generated with maximum-length sequence (MLS) equals 127 bits by using seven shift registers. Second, simulate the PRBS generator using MATLAB software and validate the estimated model from the simulation using the System Identification Tool in MATLAB. Next, connecting hardware RLC circuit and reading input and output signals using an oscilloscope. Finally, 2500 samples of captured data were used for estimation. Then, analyze and compare the best fit of the simulation and experiment with second-order and third-order under-damped black-box RLC circuit. Furthermore, analyze and compare best fit using different sample time. The results showed that the best fit of the second-order model with under-damped black-box RLC circuit was autoregressive with the exogenous term (ARX) 211, where the best fit of the simulation was 99.88%, and the best fit of the experiment was 96.04%. And the results showed that the best fit of the third-order model with an under-damped black-box RLC circuit was ARX 331, where the best fit of the simulation was 99%, and the best fit of the experiment was 94.28%. It was concluded that the best fit value of the second-order was better than the third order. What’s more, the results showed that when the select range is the same, the bigger the sample time, the better the best fit.