bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and mortality in the United States: A prospective analysis
Authors: Patel Achal P. , Mehta Suril S. , White Alexandra J. , Niehoff Nicole M. , Arroyave Whitney D. , Wang Amy , Lunn Ruth M. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic compounds associated with chronic disease in epidemiologic studies, though the contribution of PAH exposure on fatal outcomes in the U.S. is largely unknown.ObjectivesWe investigated urinary hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a representative sample of the U.S. population.MethodsStudy participants were ≥20 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2014. Concentrations (nmol/L) of eight OH-PAHs from four parent PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene) were measured in spot urine samples at examination. We identified all-cause, cancer-specific, and cardiovascular-specific deaths through 2015 using the National Death Index. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ΣOH-PAHs and mortality endpoints. We assessed potential heterogeneity by age, gender, smoking status, poverty, and race/ethnicity. Additionally, we examined the overall mixture effect using quantile g-computation.ResultsIn 9,739 eligible participants, there were 934 all-cause deaths, 159 cancer-specific deaths, and 108 cardiovascular-specific deaths (median 6.75 years follow-up). A log10increase in ΣOH-PAHs was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HRadj= 1.39 [95%CI: 1.21, 1.61]), and possibly cancer-specific mortality (HRadj= 1.15 [95%CI: 0.79, 1.69]), and cardiovascular-specific mortality (HRadj= 1.49 [95%CI: 0.94, 2.33]). We observed substantial effect modification by age, smoking status, gender, and race/ethnicity across mortality endpoints. Risk of cardiovascular mortality was higher for non-Hispanic blacks and those in poverty, indicating potential disparities. Quantile g-computation joint associations for a simultaneous quartile increase in OH-PAHs were HRadj= 1.15 [95%CI: 1.02, 1.31], HRadj= 1.41 [95%CI: 1.05, 1.90], and HRadj= 0.98 [95%CI: 0.66, 1.47] for all-cause, cancer-specific, and cardiovascular-specific mortalities, respectively.DiscussionOur results support a role for total PAH exposure in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the U.S. population.
Association of family structure with gain and loss of household headship among older adults in India: Analysis of panel data
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit , Thalil Muhammad , Rashmi Rashmi , Paul Ronak 
Published: June 2021

Background
Despite huge changes in demographic behaviors, the family continues to be the major source of psychosocial support for older adults in India. The loss of household headship can be a cause of disregard for the aged and is associated in a very fundamental way with other status losses. Our study used the two rounds of the India Human Development Survey to understand the association of family structure on the gain or loss status of household headship among 10,527 older adults.

Method
Bivariate analysis was done using the chi-square test for association. Equivalently, the multivariate analysis involved estimating multivariable logistic regression models. Multicollinearity did not affect the estimates from the regression models. For examining headship transition, we performed two complete sets of analysis, by taking gain in headship and loss in headship as the outcome variable respectively.

Results
Across two rounds, a major shift in family structure was noticed as 6.8% of households moved from extended to a single generation. Results indicate that family structure was significantly associated with gaining and losing headship among older adults. Headship loss was more common among nuclear [OR: 2.16; CI: 1.28, 3.65] and extended [OR: 2.76; CI: 1.64, 4.66] family structures. Moreover, gaining headship was found to be significantly associated with married, educated, and working older adults.

Conclusion
Since living in single generation household may preferably be encouraged among older adults than their living in a complex household without headship and value they deserve, the public intervention may support the independent living within the older population through housing policies that create additional choices presented to older adults making residential decisions.
Barriers and motivators of contraceptive use among young people in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Engelbert Bain Luchuo , Amu Hubert , Enowbeyang Tarkang Elvis 
Published: June 2021

Background
In sub-Saharan Africa, about 80% of young women either use a traditional method or do not use any form of contraception at all. The objectives of this review were to ascertain the barriers and motivators of contraceptive use among young people in Sub–Saharan Africa.

Materials and methods
We conducted electronic literature searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Ebsco/PsycINFO and Scopus. We identified a total of 4,457 publications and initially screened 2626 based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of 13 qualitative studies were retained for the final analysis based on the Joanna Briggs criteria for assessing qualitative studies. The systematic review is registered on PROSPERO with identifier CRD42018081877.

Results
Supportive social networks, respect for privacy and confidentiality, ready availability, affordability and accessibility of contraceptives, as well as the desire to prevent unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections were the motivators of contraceptive use among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite these motivators, myriad of personal, societal, and health systems-based barriers including myths and misconceptions, known side effects of contraceptives, prohibitive social norms, and negative attitude of health professionals were the major barriers to contraceptive use among young people.

Conclusion
Sub-Saharan African countries with widespread barriers to contraceptive use among young people may not be able to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3.8 target of achieving health for all by the year 2030. Interventions intended to improve contraceptive use need to be intersectoral and multi-layered, and designed to carefully integrate the personal, cultural, organizational and political dimensions of contraception.
Vertical saccadic palsy and foveal retinal thinning in Niemann-Pick disease type C
Authors: Hopf Susanne , Hennermann Julia B. , Schuster Alexander K. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Pitz Susanne 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disease that is progressive and life-limiting, with an estimated incidence of 1:120,000 live births. In addition to systemic manifestation with (hepato-)splenomegaly, there are a number of neurological manifestations (ataxia, dysarthria, dementia, cataplexy, epileptic seizures, and psychiatric disorders). Characteristic is vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, which is often overlooked. Early diagnosis and start of therapy improve quality of life. This study aimed to characterize oculomotor dysfunction of NPC patients, and to provide ophthalmologic data including retinal imaging.

Methods
Eighteen patients with biochemically or genetically diagnosed NPC completed oculomotor and ophthalmologic examination. Ten of them performed saccadometry by infrared based video-oculography. Saccadic parameters were compared to 100 healthy controls, and were correlated with clinical variables. Another subgroup of eight patients received optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic disc and the macula, of which the segmented layers were analysed using a crude linear mixed model, and one adjusted for age, sex, and spherical equivalent.

Results
Saccadometry revealed slowed peak velocity compared to controls most evident vertically. Peak velocity correlated negatively with SARA-Score, but correlation with clinical assessment of saccades was not significant. Clinical features in the assessment of vertical saccades were intensive blinking and head movements to initiate gaze changes, and lateral trajectory of the eyes. Macular OCT revealed significant total retinal thinning in the fovea, specifically of the outer nuclear layer and outer retinal layer. Para- and perifoveal retinal thicknesses, as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer were normal.

Conclusions
Foveal thinning was revealed in NPC. It remains to be shown, whether OCT will prove to be useful to monitor progression. Saccadic impairment reflects CNS involvement and therefore is a parameter to demonstrate the progression of NPC, and potentially also the efficacy of new therapies. Saccadometry, in contrast to clinical investigation, allows the precise evaluation of saccades.
Mitigating infodemics: The relationship between news exposure and trust and belief in COVID-19 fake news and social media spreading
Authors: Melki Jad , Tamim Hani , Hadid Dima , Makki Maha , El Amine Jana , Hitti Eveline 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Misinformation surrounding COVID-19 poses a global public health problem that adversely affects governments’ abilities to mitigate the disease and causes accidental deaths and self-harm due to false beliefs about the virus, prevention measures, vaccines and cures. We aim to examine the relationship between exposure to and trust in COVID-19 news (from Television, social media, interpersonal communication) and information sources (healthcare experts, government, clerics) and belief in COVID-19 myths and false information, as well as critical verification practices before posting on social media.

Methods
We use a cross-sectional researcher-administered phone survey of adults living in Lebanon between March 27 and April 23, 2020.

Results
The sample included 56.1% men and 43.9% women, 37.9% with a university degree, 63.0% older than 30, and 7% with media literacy training. Those who trust COVID-19 news from social media [95%CI:(1.05–1.52)] and interpersonal communication [95%CI:(1.25–1.82)], and those who trust information from clerics [95%CI:(1.25–1.82)] were more likely to believe in COVID-19 myths and false information. University graduates [95%CI:(0.25–0.51)] and those who trust information from government [95%CI:(0.65–0.89] were less likely to believe in myths and false information. Those who believe in COVID-19 myths and false information [95%CI:(0.25–0.70)] were less likely to engage in critical social media posting practices. Only those who underwent media literacy training [95%CI:(1.24–6.55)] were more likely to engage in critical social media posting practices.

Conclusion
Higher education and trust in information from government contributed to decreasing belief in COVID-19 myths and false information. Trust in news from social media, interpersonal communication and clerics contributed to increasing belief in COVID-19 myths and false information, which in turn contributed to less critical social media posting practices, thereby exacerbated the infodemic. Media literacy training contributed to increasing critical social media posting practices, thereby played a role in mitigating the infodemic.
The Scene That Would Not Die: Twenty Years of Post-Millennial Punk in the UK, Ian Glasper (2020)
Authors: Bestley Russ 
Published: June 2021

Review of: The Scene That Would Not Die: Twenty Years of Post-Millennial Punk in the UK, Ian Glasper (2020)
Ticehurst: Earth Island Books, 636 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-99975-815-8, p/bk, £14.99
Diminished Responsibility: My Life as a U.K. Sub, and Other Strange Stories, vol. 1, Alvin Gibbs (2020)
Authors: Bestley Russ 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Diminished Responsibility: My Life as a U.K. Sub, and Other Strange Stories, vol. 1, Alvin Gibbs (2020)
Stratford-upon-Avon: Tome & Metre, 282 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-83801-160-4, p/bk, £15.00
My Punk Life as Art: 1980s Punk Portraits, Rubber Ro and Friends (2020)
Authors: Evans Gerard 
Published: June 2021

Review of: My Punk Life as Art: 1980s Punk Portraits, Rubber Ro and Friends (2020)
Self-published via Blurb, 78 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-71572-621-8, p/bk, £32
Neonatal lymphocyte subpopulations analysis and maternal preterm premature rupture of membranes: a pilot study
Authors: Amadi Margherita , Visentin Silvia , Tosato Francesca , Fogar Paola , Giacomini Giulia , Res Giulia , Bonadies Luca , Zaramella Patrizia , Plebani Mario , Cosmi Erich , Baraldi Eugenio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) causes preterm delivery, and increases maternal T-cell response against the fetus. Fetal inflammatory response prompts maturation of the newborn’s immunocompetent cells, and could be associated with unfavorable neonatal outcome. The aims were (1) to examine the effects of pPROM on the newborn’s and mother’s immune system and (2) to assess the predictive value of immune system changes in neonatal morbidity.

Methods
Mother-newborn pairs (18 mothers and 23 newborns) who experienced pPROM and controls (11 mothers and 14 newborns), were enrolled. Maternal and neonatal whole blood samples underwent flow cytometry to measure lymphocyte subpopulations.

Results
pPROM-newborns had fewer naïve CD4 T-cells, and more memory CD4 T-cells than control newborns. The effect was the same for increasing pPROM latency times before delivery. Gestational age and birth weight influenced maturation of the newborns’ lymphocyte subpopulations and white blood cells, notably cytotoxic T-cells, regulatory T-cells, T-helper cells (absolute count), and CD4/CD8 ratio. Among morbidities, fewer naïve CD8 T-cells were found in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (p=0.0009), and more T-helper cells in early onset sepsis (p=0.04).

Conclusions
pPROM prompts maturation of the newborn’s T-cell immune system secondary to antigenic stimulation, which correlates with pPROM latency. Maternal immunity to inflammatory conditions is associated with a decrease in non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic cells.
Dual-Weighted Residual A Posteriori Error Estimates for a Penalized Phase-Field Slit Discontinuity Problem
Authors: Wick Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, goal-oriented adjoint-based a posteriori error estimates are derived for a nonlinear phase-field discontinuity problem in which a scalar-valued displacement field interacts with a scalar-valued smoothed indicator function. The latter is subject to an irreversibility constraint, which is regularized using a simple penalization strategy. The main advancements in the current work are error identities, resulting estimators, and two-sided estimates employing the dual-weighted residual method, which address the influence of the phase-field regularization, penalization, and spatial discretization parameters. Some numerical tests accompany our derived estimates.
An on-chip circular Sierpinski shaped fractal antenna with defected ground structure for Ku-band applications
Authors: Singh Harshavardhan , Azhar Sameen , Mandal Sanjukta , Mandal Sujit Kumar , Naidu Pamidiparthi Ravi Teja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a circular Sierpinski shaped on-chip fractal antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) is presented for Ku-band applications. The fractal and defected ground structure are employed to achieve higher bandwidth for the entire Ku-band (12–18 GHz). The proposed on-chip antenna (OCA) with a footprint area of 4π mm2 offers wide bandwidth of 7.22 GHz (11.94–19.13 GHz) with the resonating frequency of 15 GHz. At the resonating frequency, the designed antenna shows a peak gain of −19.76 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 55.6%. The co-polarization (CP) and cross-polarization (×P) characteristics of the proposed OCA shows good isolation of 18.05 dBi and 17.44 dBi in the two principal planes with ϕ = 0° and 90° cuts respectively. The measured result of the designed OCA prototype shows a good performance over the desired frequency band.
On-line characterization of wood chip brightness and chemical composition by means of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hans Guillaume , Allison Bruce 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Historically, on-line and real-time measurement of wood chip properties in the pulp and paper industry has been a challenge and has hampered the development of advanced process control strategies. In this study, visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is investigated as a means to characterize wood chip brightness and chemical composition (i.e. extractives, lignin and holocellulose content) on-line. The estimated standard error on the holocellulose reference measurement was significantly reduced using data reconciliation. VIS-NIR calibration models were developed using partial least square regression. Derivative and baseline correction were found to be the most appropriate pre-processing methods. Model desensitization to the influence of moisture content and temperature by means of external parameter orthogonalization resulted in more robust models critical for on-line applications under harsh industrial conditions. Wavelength selection improved model accuracy for all properties. A comparison of two different spectrometer and probe combinations demonstrated that, after wavelengths selection, a non-contact measurement of wood chips performs as well as a contact measurement of wood powder for monitoring chemical composition. On-line prediction of wood chip brightness and chemical composition using the developed VIS-NIR models was demonstrated over 7 months in a kraft pulp mill processing both hardwood and softwood chips.
Management of Vipadika with Mahisha Gritha Padanimajjana – a case report
Authors: Suseela Sharanya , Puthanmadom Venkatraramana Sharma Anandaraman , Namboothiri Kesavan Parameswaran , Changuli Krishna Bhat Prathibha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Vipadika (Palmo plantar Psoriasis) is a Kshudra Kushta (minor skin disorder) of Vatakapha origin (body humors like vata and kapha) characterized by Sphutana (cracks) and Teevra Vedana (severe pain) in Pani (palm) and Pada (sole). Based on the symptoms it can be correlated to Palmo Plantar Psoriasis which is a variant of psoriasis which affects the skin of the palms and soles with the features of hyperkeratotic, pustular, or mixed morphologies. The treatment methods for Palmo plantor psoriasis causes severe side effects due to which an evident shift from modern treatments to ayurvedic treatment line.

Case presentation
A 15 year old, female, with complaint of cracks and dryness over sole of both feet with pain for the last 12 and half years. The case was managed with Padanimajjana (immersion of foot). Padanimajjana is a modified form of Avagaha Sweda (switz bath) where the affected part of the foot is dipped in medicated liquid. Here Mahisha Gritha (Buffaloe ghee) is used for Padanimajjana.

Conclusions
Mahisha Gritha Padanimajjana shows significant improvement in number of cracks, dryness and pain within short period of time. This is a very simple, economical, and effective treatment for Vipadika.
Performance analysis of WDM free space optics transmission system using MIMO technique under various atmospheric conditions
Authors: Thandapani Kavitha , Gopalswamy Maheswaran , Jagarlamudi Sravani , Sriram Naveen Babu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Free Space Optical (FSO) communication has evolved as a feasible technique for wireless implementations which offers higher bandwidth capacities over various wavelengths and refers to the transmission of modulated visible beams through atmosphere in order to communicate. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a technology that multiplexes numerous carrier signals onto single fiber using nonidentical wavelengths and enables the efficiency of bandwidth and expanded data rate. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is implemented to improve the quality and performance of free space optical communication in various atmospheric conditions. In this paper, a WDM-based FSO communication system is being implemented that benefits from MIMO which receives multiple copies of the signal at receiver that are independent and analyzed for various streams of data in MIMO i.e. 2 × 2, 4 × 4, 8 × 8. Various factors like BER, Quality Factor are analyzed for the WDM-based FSO communication with MIMO using the OptiSystem for various data streams of MIMO under different atmospheric conditions.
Romanization and Latinization of the Roman Empire in the light of data in the Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age
Authors: Adamik Béla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study demonstrates that the process of linguistic Romanization, i.e. Latinization of the Roman Empire, is traceable by the data of the Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age (LLDB). A multi-level analysis of linguistic and non-linguistic data in the LLDB has shown that Latinization, i.e. the spread of spoken or vulgar Latin, became more and more intensive over time in all concerned provinces (i.e. Lusitania, Gallia Narbonensis, Venetia et Histria, Dalmatia, Moesia, Pannonia, and Britannia), although to a varying degree in each. What is more, in many aspects of the investigation, it was possible to find differences between the selected provinces of the Roman Empire corresponding mostly to the future Romance (both negative and positive) outcomes of the respective areas. All in all, the analysis of data of the LLDB database can contribute to solving the complex problem of Latinization, and is a lot more appropriate for this purpose than a simple comparative analysis of epigraphic corpora of the selected provinces.