bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable oxygen administration in surgical and medical wards evaluated by 30‐day mortality—An observational study
Authors: Troensegaard Hannibal , Petersen Cecilie , Pedersen Niels E. , Petersen Tonny S. , Meyhoff Christian S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies in surgery and initial management of critical illness have indicated harmful effects of short‐term exposure to hyperoxia. Exposure to and consequences of excessive oxygen administration in hospital wards are sparsely investigated.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between excessive oxygen administration in patients admitted to surgical or medical wards and 30‐day mortality.MethodsWe included patients in the Capital Region of Denmark who were admitted to hospital in 2014 for either myocardial infarction, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hip fracture or open abdominal surgery. We defined groups of inadequate, adequate or excessive oxygen administration based on peripheral oxygen saturation and oxygen administration values in the first 48 hours after admission. The primary outcome was mortality within 30 days, and data were analysed with multivariable logistic regression for age, gender and comorbidities.ResultsWe retrieved data from 11 196 patients, of which 81% had adequate, 18% had excessive and 1.8% inadequate oxygen administration. Mortality at 30 days was 4.2%, 7.6% and 27%, respectively, OR 1.46 (95%CI 1.16‐1.84), P = .001 for patients with excessive compared to adequate oxygen administration. The association was significant in subgroups of patients admitted for acute exacerbation of COPD (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.19‐2.34) and myocardial infarction (OR 3.50, 95%CI 1.55‐7.89).ConclusionPatients who received excessive oxygen administration in surgical and medical wards during the first 48 hours of admission had a higher mortality risk within 30 days compared to patients with adequate oxygen administration. However, inadequate oxygen therapy still renders highest mortality and should be avoided.
Establishment of deformable three‐dimensional printed models for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in transverse colon cancer
Authors: Hojo Daisuke , Kawai Kazushige , Murono Koji , Nozawa Hiroaki , Hata Keisuke , Tanaka Toshiaki , Nishikawa Takeshi , Shuno Yasutaka , Kaneko Manabu , Sasaki Kazuhito , Emoto Shigenobu , Ishii Hiroaki , Sonoda Hirofumi , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundApplications of three‐dimensional (3‐D) printed solid organ models for navigation and simulation were previously reported for abdominal surgeries, and their usefulness was shown by subjective evaluation. However, thus far, no study has examined the effect of intraoperative movements for tissue handling. Novel, deformable 3‐D printed models of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) were created to optimize laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. The aim of this study was to establish a method using these individualized models for use in surgical practice.MethodsDeformable 3‐D models for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy were created using a 3‐D printing flexible filamentous material (thermoplastic polyurethane). Five patients with transverse colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with D3 lymphadenectomy between April 2017 and September 2019 were enrolled in this study. Then, the created patient‐specific models were compared with the previously recorded intraoperative video views.ResultsTransverse colon mobilization changed the spatial arrangement of the branches of the SMA and SMV. The 3‐D models reproduced the intraoperative view, although approaches to the dominant vessels to complete D3 lymphadenectomy may vary.ConclusionsDeformable 3‐D models of the SMA and SMV with added branches may aid in optimizing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy operations.
The impact of indirect tax on income distribution and poverty in Tanzania
Authors: Maskaeva Asiya , Bochkaeva Zanda , Mmasa Joel , Msafiri Mgeni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impacts of indirect tax benefits policy reforms on income distribution and poverty in Tanzania by applying a standard static microsimulation model TAZMOD v1.8. The simulations model two indirect tax reforms involving changes to the excise duty and value‐added tax rates on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, and changes to employers’ and employees’ contributions to the National Health Insurance Fund. The results of the first reform find a positive effect on government tax revenue and a neutral effect on income distribution and poverty. The results of the second reform find a positive effect on household income distribution and consumption. The findings show that, despite increasing unequal income distribution, poverty indicators fell.
Ecological responses to variation in seasonal snow cover
Authors: Slatyer Rachel A. , Umbers Kate D. L. , Arnold Pieter A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeasonal snow is among the most important factors governing the ecology of many terrestrial ecosystems, but rising global temperatures are changing snow regimes and driving widespread declines in the depth and duration of snow cover. Loss of the insulating snow layer will fundamentally change the environment. Understanding how individuals, populations, and communities respond to different snow conditions is thus essential for predicting and managing future ecosystem change. We synthesized 365 studies that examined ecological responses to variation in winter snow conditions. This research encompasses a broad range of methods (experimental manipulations, measurement of natural snow gradients, and long‐term monitoring), locations (35 countries), study organisms (plants, mammals, arthropods, birds, fish, lichen, and fungi), and response measures. Earlier snowmelt was consistently associated with advanced spring phenology in plants, mammals, and arthropods. Reduced snow depth often increased mortality or physical injury in plants, although there were few clear effects on animals. Neither snow depth nor snowmelt timing had clear or consistent directional effects on body size of animals or biomass of plants. However, because 96% of studies were from the northern hemisphere, the generality of these trends across ecosystems and localities is also unclear. We identified substantial research gaps for several taxonomic groups and response types; research on wintertime responses was notably scarce. Future research should prioritize examination of the mechanisms underlying responses to changing snow conditions and the consequences of those responses for seasonally snow‐covered ecosystems.
Enriched Au nanoclusters with mesoporous silica nanoparticles for improved fluorescence/computed tomography dual‐modal imaging
Authors: Yuan Yifang , Zhou Ronghui , Li Ting , Qu Shuang , Bai Hua , Liang Jiawu , Cai Xiaoxiao , Guo Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesAu nanoclusters (AuNCs) have been used widely in fluorescence bio‐imaging because of their good fluorescence, small particle size and non‐cytotoxicity. AuNCs are also efficient in computed tomography (CT) imaging. Hence, a dual‐modal imaging probe can be constructed without any complicated modification processes by exploiting the excellent performance of AuNCs. In the present study, AuNCs were enriched with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to obtain enhanced fluorescence/CT dual‐modal imaging, which was capable of acquiring more imaging information for diseases compared with single‐mode imaging.Materials and methodsBiocompatible bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐capped AuNCs were prepared and loaded into amine‐functionalized MSNs to form MSN@AuNCs. BSA‐AuNCs, MSNs, and MSN@AuNCs were characterized by ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence spectra, and zeta potential. CT imaging was recorded using micro‐CT scanning. Fluorescence imaging was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry.ResultsThe prepared AuNCs and MSNs possessed good properties as previously reported. The fluorescence intensity and CT value of the AuNCs were enhanced after being enriched with MSNs. The nanoparticles were both non‐cytotoxic. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry indicated that MSN@AuNCs in CAL‐27 cells showed improved fluorescence imaging compared with simple AuNCs at the same concentration.ConclusionsThe results revealed that the strategy of enriching AuNCs with MSNs can obtain highly sensitive fluorescence/CT dual‐modal imaging, which indicated the potential of this nanoparticle in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Political affiliation predicts public attitudes toward gray wolf (Canis lupus) conservation and management
Authors: van Eeden Lily M. , S. Rabotyagov Sergey , Kather Morgan , Bogezi Carol , Wirsing Aaron J. , Marzluff John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractControversial wildlife conservation and management, such as that involving gray wolves (Canis lupus), can be symbolic of broader social conflicts. We conducted an online survey (N = 420) to determine factors shaping public attitudes toward wolf management among residents of Washington state, United States. We used 12 Likert‐type statements to form a single latent construct that represented attitudes toward wolf management in a multi‐use landscape and fit a simple structural equation model to identify demographic predictor variables. The strongest predictors were that voters self‐identifying as Democrats were more likely to hold positive attitudes toward wolves and management to conserve them than those identifying with other political parties (standardized latent variable coefficient = 0.585) and women were more likely than men to hold negative attitudes (−0.459). Older respondents were also more likely to hold negative attitudes (−0.015) and respondents who tried to stay informed about wolf issues were more likely to hold positive attitudes (0.172). Perceived links between wildlife management issues and political ideology may exacerbate community disagreements, hindering coexistence between rural livelihoods and wolves. We recommend appropriate framing and messengers to account for this linkage and improve communication of policy and promote science‐based decision‐making.
Retrieving Heidegger's temporal realism
Authors: Rousse B. Scot 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEarly Heidegger argues that a “homogenous space of nature” can be revealed by stripping away the intelligibility of Dasein's everyday world, a process he calls “deworlding.” Given this, some interpreters have suggested that Heidegger, despite not having worked out the details himself, is also committed to a notion of deworlded time. Such a “natural time” would amount to an endogenous sequentiality in which events are ordered independently of Dasein and the stand it takes on its being. I show that Heidegger was indeed committed to such a temporal realism even though his treatment of these issues is somewhat scattered and pulled in different directions. In the course of my reconstruction, I renew an interpretation of Heidegger that stresses Dasein's thrownness into nature and I answer William Blattner's powerful interpretation of Heidegger as a failed temporal idealist who was unable to derive the sequentiality of ordinary time from Dasein's non‐sequential originary temporality. Heidegger did not attempt to derive sequentiality; instead, he understood it as a built‐in feature of the natural universe by which Dasein's activities are constrained. World‐time turns out to be a co‐production of Dasein's non‐sequential originary temporality and the endogenous sequentiality of events in nature.
Immunosuppression as a risk factor for COVID‐19: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Tassone Daniel , Thompson Alexander , Connell William , Lee Tanya , Ungaro Ryan , An Ping , Ding Yijuan , Ding Nik S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile immunosuppression poses a theoretical increase in the risk of COVID‐19, the nature of this relationship is yet to be ascertained.AimsTo determine whether immunosuppressed patients are at higher risk of COVID‐19 to help inform the management of patients receiving immunosuppressant therapies during the pandemic.MethodsWe performed a random‐effects meta‐analysis of data from studies that reported on the prevalence of immunosuppression among patient cohorts with COVID‐19.ResultsSixty full‐text publications were identified. In total, six individual studies were included in the final analysis, contributing a total of 10 049 patients with COVID‐19 disease. The prevalence of immunosuppressed patients among the study cohorts with COVID‐19 ranged from 0.126% to 1.357%. In the pooled cohort a total of 64/10 049 (0.637%) patients with COVID‐19 disease was immunosuppressed. Observed to expected ratios were used to compare the prevalence of immunosuppression in cohorts with confirmed COVID‐19 disease to the background prevalence of immunosuppression in the general community. The observed to expected ratio of immunosuppression among patients with COVID‐19 illness, relative to the general community, was 0.12 (95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.27).ConclusionsCompared to the general population, immunosuppressed patients were not at significantly increased risk of COVID‐19 infection. This finding provides support for current expert consensus statements, which have recommended the continuation of immunosuppressant therapy in the absence of COVID‐19.
Association between height and sleep duration in Korean adults
Authors: Seo Min‐Seok , Hwang In Cheol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe relationship between height and sleep duration is poorly understood in adults. We analysed the data from 32 698 adults collected by the 2007–2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 44.4% and 9.1% participants reported short (≤6 h) and long (≥9 h) sleep duration, respectively. A shorter height was significantly associated with increased likelihood of both short and long sleep. A sex‐stratified analysis revealed that the relationship between height and sleep duration was only significant in males. In conclusion, height was independently related to sleep duration in Korean men.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in elderly multiple myeloma patients aged ≥65 years: a two‐centre Australian experience
Authors: Er Jeremy , Routledge David , Hempton Jennifer , Wood Colin , Joyce Trish , Harrison Simon , Campbell Philip 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere are currently limited Australian data on the outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients. We present the largest cohort of elderly MM patients aged ≥65 years undergoing ASCT in Australia and report their outcomes based on our two‐centre experience. Our study affirms that ASCT is well tolerated, safe and effective in elderly MM patients aged ≥65 years and should be considered an important component of treatment in patients who are fit enough for the procedure.
Mainstreaming genomics: training experience of hospital medical officers at the Royal Melbourne Hospital
Authors: Huq Aamira J. , Healy Lachlan , Gorelik Alexandra , Forrest Laura E. , Winship Ingrid M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rapid evolution and wide applicability of genomic testing means that medical practitioners outside the field are not appropriately skilled to understand the utility of genomics for their patients. Rotating junior doctors through genomic medicine provides them with the hands‐on experience necessary to understand the complexities in this field. In this study, we analysed the training experience of 12 hospital medical officers who rotated through genomic medicine at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Here, we demonstrate that immersion in clinical genomics aids in mainstreaming genomics knowledge.
Dormant conduction in the right ventricular outflow tract unmasked by adenosine in a patient with Brugada syndrome
Authors: Kamakura Tsukasa , Duchateau Josselin , Sacher Frédéric , Jais Pierre , Haïssaguerre Michel , Hocini Mélèze 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent data of electrophysiological mapping in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) suggest that the presence of an abnormal arrhythmogenic substrate in the epicardial right ventricular outflow tract is responsible for ST‐segment elevation and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Complete elimination of the epicardial abnormal potentials normalizes Brugada‐pattern electrocardiogram and suppresses VF recurrence. We herein report the first case of BrS in which an injection of adenosine unmasked dormant conduction in the epicardial RVOT after the disappearance of the epicardial potentials.
Primary care continuity and potentially avoidable hospitalization in persons with dementia
Authors: Godard‐Sebillotte Claire , Strumpf Erin , Sourial Nadia , Rochette Louis , Pelletier Eric , Vedel Isabelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveTo measure the association between high primary care continuity and potentially avoidable hospitalization in community‐dwelling persons with dementia. Our hypothesis was that high primary care continuity is associated with fewer potentially avoidable hospitalizations.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective cohort (2012–2016), with inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score.SettingQuebec (Canada) health administrative database, recording most primary, secondary and tertiary care services provided via the public universal health insurance system.ParticipantsPopulation‐based sample of 22,060 community‐dwelling 65 + persons with dementia on March 31st, 2015, with at least two primary care visits in the preceding year (mean age 81 years, 60% female). Participants were followed for 1 year, or until death or long‐term care admission.ExposureHigh primary care continuity on March 31st, 2015, i.e., having had every primary care visit with the same primary care physician, during the preceding year.Main outcome measuresPrimary: Potentially avoidable hospitalization in the follow‐up period as defined by ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) hospitalization (general and older population definitions), 30‐day hospital readmission; Secondary: Hospitalization and emergency department visit.ResultsAmong the 22,060 persons, compared with the persons with low primary care continuity, the 14,515 (65.8%) persons with high primary care continuity had a lower risk of ACSC hospitalization (general population definition) (relative risk reduction 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.94), ACSC hospitalization (older population definition) (0.87, 0.79–0.95), 30‐day hospital readmission (0.81, 0.72–0.92), hospitalization (0.90, 0.86–0.94), and emergency department visit (0.92, 0.90–0.95). The number needed to treat to prevent one event were, respectively, 118 (69–356), 87 (52–252), 97 (60–247), 23 (17–34), and 29 (21–47).ConclusionIncreasing continuity with a primary care physician might be an avenue to reduce potentially avoidable hospitalizations in community‐dwelling persons with dementia on a population‐wide level.
COVID‐19 impact on psychological outcomes of parents, siblings and children with intellectual disability: longitudinal before and during lockdown design
Authors: Bailey T. , Hastings R. P. , Totsika V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with intellectual disability (ID) report comparatively lower levels of well‐being than parents of children without ID. Similarly, children with ID, and to a lesser extent their siblings, are reported to show comparatively higher levels of behaviour and emotional problems. Psychological problems may be accentuated by restrictions associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic, due to increased social, caring and economic stressors and reduced social support. However, existing studies have not been able to examine the impact of COVID‐19 restrictions accounting for pre‐COVID levels of well‐being in these families. In a naturalistic design, we examined outcomes for parents, siblings and children with ID in a two‐wave longitudinal study where Wave 2 data were gathered for some families before and some during COVID‐19 restrictions.MethodsParents of children with ID who took part in a Wave 2 survey pre‐lockdown (n = 294) and during/post‐lockdown (n = 103) completed a number of measures about their well‐being and the behaviour and emotional problems of both their child with ID and their nearest‐in‐age sibling. These same measures had also been completed for all families 2–3 years previously in Wave 1 of the study.ResultsAfter accounting for covariates including family socio‐economic circumstances, pre‐lockdown and post‐lockdown groups did not differ on Waves 1 to 2 change for measures of parental psychological distress, life satisfaction, the impact of caregiving on their lives or perceived positive gains; nor child or sibling internalising or externalising behaviour problems.ConclusionsFindings of the current study indicate that during and shortly after the COVID‐19 lockdown in the United Kingdom, well‐being in families of children with an ID (as reported by parents) was at similar levels compared with prior to the lockdown period.
Bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and development trends in selective fetal reduction
Authors: Meng Yi L. , Ren Li J. , Yin Shao W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the theme trends and knowledge structure of multifetal pregnancy reduction (MPR)‐related literature by using bibliometric analysis.MethodsPublished scientific papers regarding MPR were retrieved from the PubMed database. Data extraction and statistics were conducted using Bibliographic Item Co‐Occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB). Furthermore, gCLUTO software was used in the study for bi‐clustering analysis and strategic diagram analysis.ResultsAccording to the search strategy, 906 total papers were included. Among all the extracted MeSH terms, 41 high frequency ones were identified and hotspots were clustered into four categories. In the strategic diagram, research on intrauterine treatment of MPR was most well developed. In contrast, statistical data on the sequelae of fetal reduction surgery and applications of MPR in assisted reproductive technologies were relatively immature.ConclusionThe analysis of common terms among the high‐frequency network terms in multiparous pregnancy reduction can help researchers and clinicians understand the hotspots, key topics, and issues to be discovered on MPR. Research on intrauterine treatment of MPR was most well developed.