bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions to the nation's scientists in the Quran sciences through Covenant Albuehi
Authors: Anbuge Dr. Shaima Fadil Abdul Hamid 
Published: March 2021

After the completion of this research is marked with (per nation's scientists in the Quran sciences through Covenant Albuehi), concluded that some of the results, namely: Despite the interest built tin science all, especially the Koran Science and encourage a large number of scientists, Vmnhohm freedom of intellectual and ideological and doctrinal wide, but that science did not witness what is distinctive and accomplished through Albuehi Testament as what we compare other religious science, as scientists continued mimicking his scientists who them and focused effort, mostly on the subject of the readings, but their efforts are no longer something extraordinary is striking, strange subject that most interested in the science of the readings were linguists or Nhoyen, as some of them did not is a specialist knowledge of the Koran .. The two sects are working side by side to show studies and achievements in the science of the Quran, and have had good outcomes and attempts are ok, because the bulk of the attention of scientists focused on theology and jurisprudence, the Koran, Hadith They were as much as possible follow the two approach conversations sayings of the Prophet and the companions and followers, they did not follow the mental approach of dealing in them, but this was the practice in other sciences curriculum (whether verbal or fiqh). A search Przna Koran scholars names of the year and the most important realizations taxonomic or Altalevah in the field of science of the Quran, as we found that they have great freedom in scientific achievement despite the doctrine built tin, and this brings us to the built tin Their goal was not to suppress talent, but they work various ways to contribute to the seriousness in the field of cognitive sciences and all the terms of reference .. wanted to perpetuate their existence and their role through the promotion of science and supplement the Islamic civilization, what is new. However these were not the contributions of scientists and other contributions to the level of other religious sciences.
Evaluating the English Textbook for the 6th Stage of Preparatory and Secondary Schools
Authors: Musa Assist. instructor: Hasan Mahdi 
Published: March 2021

Although textbooks maintain an important role in the EFL context, their sovereignty on teaching has been challenged and the belief that teachers can blindly rely on them has been questioned. Textbook evaluation has become a necessary practice in the field of teaching, seeking to assist in the choice of the best suitable book for a specific context, promote teachers’ awareness on the actual contents of a book and facilitate them to make necessary adaptations. The present study investigated the suitability of the textbook used for 6th stage of preparatory and secondary schools. The results of the study suggested that the strengths of the book could be identified in areas of organization, thematic content and inclusion of all the language skills. However, the problematic areas related to authentic language, integration of skills, nature of tasks and materials for assessment. We need to evaluate textbooks for helping the teacher or program developer in making decisions on selecting the appropriate textbook. Furthermore, evaluation of the merits and demerits of a textbook will familiarize the teacher with its probable weaknesses and strengths. This will enable teachers to make appropriate adaptations to the material in their future instruction.
The Domination of Mother in August Strindberg's The Father and Arthur kopit's Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma’s Hung You in the Closet and I’m Feelin’ So Sad
Authors: Mahdi Instr.Dr. Sanaa Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Works of art present several types of mothers one of them is the dominant. This research deals with this type of mothers. It aims at highlighting the bad effect of mother's domination over her children and others. It is divided into three sections and a conclusion. Section one; the introduction illustrates the types of mothers and the patriarchal society during the 19th and 20th centuries. Section two discusses the monstrous mother in August Strindberg's The Father and how her excessive domination leads to the madness of the father. Section three sheds light on the monstrous mother in Arthur kopit's Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma’s Hung You in the Closet and I’m Feelin’ So Sad (hereafter Oh Dad) in which the mother turns her son into a killer due to her desire of dominance. The conclusion sums up that both can be considered femmes fatal because of their pernicious impact on those around them, especially members of their families.
The Word "Baal" in the old Testament (A Comparative Semitic Linguistic Study)
Authors: Rashid Assist prof. Dr. Qusay Abdulhadi 
Published: March 2021

The word "baal" means "husband", and the plural form is "baoola". The wife is likewise called "baal" or "baala". "Baal" is a Semitic noun for a Canaanite god or a god's son and husband to goddess "baala" or "Asheera" or "Ishtaroot". He was known as the god Hood who was a god of fields and cattle fertility.
In sum, worshipping "baal" was common among the peoples of the East in the old time; that is why, we find he had different names. The reason was that each nation used a name that was known among its people. Any of his names would often start with "baal" and end with the name of that land or city. Alternatively, it would start with something attached to it, such as "baalfaghoor" or "Beelzebub". "Baal" had many priests who used to cheat people with their magic and sorcery which they relate to their god.
Safariya Revolutions in the Maghreb Countries 122 AH - 143 AH / 740-760 Ad))
Authors: A- Jarrar Assist. prof. Dr. Abd Al-Raouf 
Published: March 2021

This research deals with the revolutions of the Safariya in the Maghreb from the year 122 AH - 143 AH / 740-760 Ad . it presents the beginning of the emergence of the Safarian group, and its beliefs in the Arab Orient countries, then the research discusses the transfer of the principles of Safariya to the Maghreb countries, escaping the Umayyad state after Bloody revolutions which failed to achieve their goals in changing the regime, or control of a territory. Al-Safriya had chosen the Arab Maghreb countries for its distance from the centre of the Islamic Caliphate, and its knowledge of the acceptance of principles and ideas hostile to the Umayyad state. He also reviewed the revolutions of Al-Safriya during the reign of Abdullah bin Habab, and the battles fought by their adversaries, as well as the role of Hanthalah bin Safwan in resisting the Safriya, and victory over them, as well as the role of Abdulrahman bin Habib Fahri in suppressing the Safriya, and victory over them, and the role of Abu Al- Ibadi in addressing the Safriya , highlighting himself as the Imam who is Zahed, believer and defender of blood of Muslims, and their money, after committing Safriya violent crimes when they took control of Kairouan. And then the death of Abu al-Khatab by Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i, which was approved by al-Mansur on the mandate of Morocco to eliminate the sedition and revolutions that emerged in the Maghreb. And finally the establishment of the safriyan state, which was later known as the state of Bani Madrar or Bani Wasul, and had taken from Sigalmassa as its capital
Soviet-German Conflict over Finland1941-1945
Authors: Alsheweli Dr.Zaydan Hassan Hawi 
Published: March 2021

Soviet-German Conflict over Finland 1941-1944 is another phase of challenges that faced Finland to keep it's independence and sovereignty.It started as a result of German Barbarossa against Soviet Union in June 22nd,1941 and lasted for four years,when ended by armistice agreement signed in September 19th,1944.As what happened in the previous winter war,Finland lost many territories in her southern border,paid war indemnity of 300 million american dollar to Soviet Union,and the most important, it kept Finland behave wisely and peacefully along the next years.
Combinations of CHCL and СHCL with propane and chladones 125, 227ea as prospective noncombustible refrigerants
Authors: Елтышев Илья Павлович 
Published: March 2021

В данной работе рассмотрена проблема пожарной опасности применяемых в настоящее время хладагентов, предложено решение - создание негорючих смесевых композиций органических хлоридов с пропаном и хладонами 125, 227еа. Показана возможность увеличения доли короткоживущих компонентов в негорючих смесевых хладагентах, содержащих парниковые газы, с помощью создания тройных смесей.
According to existing international agreements production of greenhouse gases must be drastically reduced in all sectors including refrigeration. It is known that refrigerants having short atmospheric lifetime are combustible. One of the methods to solve the problem of combustibility of refrigerants is to create noncombustible mixtures of combustible substance with an inhibitor of combustion. Such mixtures of organic chlorides with propane and CFH or CFH are investigated in this paper both theoretically and experimentally. Experimental equipment was specially adjusted to the combustion properties of the used chlorinated substances. It was obtained that CHCl и CНCl are strong inhibitors of combustion processes including self-inhibition of combustion of these substances themselves. Fluorinated hydrocarbons CFH and CFH are effective in suppression of combustion of dichloromethane and 1, 2-dichloroethane in air. As it follows from the obtained results, it is possible to reduce the content of the greenhouse component in the mixed refrigerant by 93% mass by creating noncombustible mixtures of dichlorides with CFH or CFH which are greenhouse gases. It was also revealed that CFH and CFH are stronger suppressants for combustion of CHCl and CНCl than for combustion of propane. Creation of triple noncombustible mixtures between CH, CHCl and CFH is advisable only when it is necessary to optimize energy efficiency of the refrigerant.
Methodological principles for changing the risk category of objects of protection in the field of fire safety
Authors: Зобков Денис Валерьевич , Ушаков Дмитрий Викторович , Карпов Алексей Васильевич , Сурина Галина Петровна 
Published: March 2021

В рамках развития методологии отнесения объектов защиты к определенной категории риска в области пожарной безопасности на основе оценки базового показателя тяжести потенциальных негативных последствий пожаров для объектов защиты, однородных по видам экономической деятельности и классам функциональной пожарной опасности, разработана динамическая модель определения или изменения категории риска объекта в зависимости от индекса индивидуализации подконтрольного лица. Это позволяет определить категорию риска либо принять решение об изменении ранее присвоенной категории риска для конкретного объекта защиты из группы с учетом индивидуальных социально-экономических характеристик данного объекта защиты, оказывающих влияние на уровень обеспечения его пожарной безопасности, а также учесть соблюдение на объекте защиты обязательных требований пожарной безопасности на основе информации об этом объекте, имеющейся в распоряжении органа государственного пожарного надзора.
There was developed the dynamic model for determining or changing the risk category of the object according to the individualization index of the controlled person. The aforesaid model was elaborated in the context of development of the methodology for assigning objects of protection to a certain risk category in the field of fire safety, based on the assessment of basic severity index of potential negative consequences of fire for objects of protection that are homogeneous both in economic activities and in functional fire hazard categories. This allows to determine the risk category, or decide to change the previously assigned risk category for a particular object of protection from a certain group, taking into account the individual socio-economic characteristics of this object of protection, affecting the level of its fire safety. This also allows to take into account the compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements at the object of protection on the basis of information about this object that is available to the state fire supervision body.
The Buildup of the Intracluster Light of A85 as Seen by Subaru’s Hyper Suprime-Cam
Authors: Montes Mireia , Brough Sarah , Owers Matt S. , Santucci Giulia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study of low surface brightness light in large, deep imaging surveys is still uncharted territory as automated data reduction pipelines over-subtract or eliminate this light. Using archival data of the A85 cluster of galaxies taken with the Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope, we show that using careful data processing can unveil the diffuse light within the cluster, the intracluster light. We reach surface brightness limits of

(3σ, 10″ × 10″) = 30.9 and

(3σ, 10″ × 10″) = 29.7 mag arcsec−2. We measured the radial surface brightness profiles of the brightest cluster galaxy out to the intracluster light (radius ∼215 kpc) for the g and i bands. We found that both the surface brightness and the color profiles become shallower beyond ∼75 kpc suggesting that a distinct component, the intracluster light, starts to dominate at that radius. The color of the profile at ∼100 kpc suggests that the buildup of the intracluster light of A85 occurs by the stripping of massive (∼1010
M
⊙) satellites. The measured fraction of this light ranges from 8%–30% in g, depending on the definition of intracluster light chosen.
Radial Velocity Monitoring of the Young Star Hubble 4: Disentangling Star-spot Lifetimes from Orbital Motion*
Authors: Carvalho Adolfo , Johns-Krull Christopher M. , Prato L. , Anderson Jay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We studied the weak-lined T Tauri star Hubble 4, a known long-period binary, and its star-spot phenomena. We used optical radial velocity (RV) data taken over a span of 14 yr (2004–2010, 2017–2019) at the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope and single epoch imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 instrument. The observed and apparent RV variations show contributions, respectively, from the binary motion as well as from a large spot group on one of the stars, presumed to be the primary. Fitting and removing the orbital signal from the RVs, we found the lower bound on the lifetime of a previously identified large spot group on the surface of the star to be at least 5.1 yr. An ∼5 yr lower limit is a long, but not unprecedented, duration for a single spot group. The later epoch data indicate significant spot evolution has occurred, placing an upper bound on the spot group lifetime at 12 yr. We find that pre-main-sequence evolutionary models for the age of Taurus (∼2 Myr), combined with component mass estimates from the literature, permit us to reproduce the HST relative photometry and the binary-induced contribution to the apparent RV variations. The long-lived star spot we find on Hubble 4 has significant implications for dynamo models in young stars, as it adds evidence for long lifetimes of magnetic field topologies. There are also significant implications for young star exoplanet searches, as long-lived coherent RV signals may be spot induced and not the result of planetary motion.
Toward Cosmological Simulations of Dark Matter on Quantum Computers
Authors: Mocz Philip , Szasz Aaron 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
State-of-the-art cosmological simulations on classical computers are limited by time, energy, and memory usage. Quantum computers can perform some calculations exponentially faster than classical computers, using exponentially less energy and memory, and may enable extremely large simulations that accurately capture the whole dynamic range of structure in the universe within statistically representative cosmic volumes. However, not all computational tasks exhibit a “quantum advantage.” Quantum circuits act linearly on quantum states, so nonlinearities (e.g., self-gravity in cosmological simulations) pose a significant challenge. Here we outline one potential approach to overcome this challenge and solve the (nonlinear) Schrödinger–Poisson equations for the evolution of self-gravitating dark matter, based on a hybrid quantum–classical variational algorithm framework (Lubasch et al.). We demonstrate the method with a proof-of-concept mock quantum simulation, envisioning a future where quantum computers will one day lead simulations of dark matter.
France 2020 : 68 000 décès supplémentaires imputables à l’épidémie de Covid-19
Authors: Pison Gilles , Meslé France 
Published: March 2021

Le nombre de décès enregistrés en France métropolitaine a augmenté de 55 000 entre 2019 et 2020. C’est nettement moins que les 68 000 décès imputés à la Covid-19 en 2020. Cela vient du recul d’autres causes de décès comme la grippe et les accidents de la circulation. D’autres causes de décès ont aussi probablement reculé comme le diabète, les maladies cardiovasculaires et l’insuffisance respiratoire chronique. Une partie des personnes fragiles souffrant de ces maladies sont en effet mortes de Covid-19 alors qu’elles seraient de toute façon décédées en 2020, même en l’absence d’épidémie de Covid-19, leur décès étant alors attribué à une autre cause.
1315-1946 : le mythe d’un « Empire » français sans esclaves
Authors: Pluen Olivier 
Published: March 2021

L’esclavage a-t-il jamais existé en France ? Aussi incongrue soit-elle pour le citoyen d’aujourd’hui, la question mérite d’être soulevée, tant l’évocation d’une série d’illustrations peut laisser penser le contraire. Recentré depuis plusieurs décennies sur son territoire métropolitain et imprégné du dogme du « sol libre » , le pays semble avoir jeté un voile pudique ou d’ignorance sur une réalité consubstantielle à son histoire. L’étude suivante tente dès lors de rendre compte de ce phénomène sur l’ensemble des territoires gouvernés ou administrés par la France, entre l’édit de Louis X « Le Hutin » de 1315 et l’avènement de la iv e République en 1946, tout en cherchant à mettre en exergue les leviers d’une évolution beaucoup moins linéaire que celle communément admise.
L’esclavage et la traite négrière transatlantique : des crimes (contre l’humanité) juridiquement irréparables en France ?
Authors: Mamilonne Caroline 
Published: March 2021

L’expression « crime contre l’humanité » peut inciter à relier ce crime au droit international, et en particulier à la Cour pénale internationale, chargée depuis le 1 er juillet 2002 de les sanctionner. Les statuts de cette juridiction sont très clairs : elle est incompétente pour connaître des crimes commis avant sa création. En France, un problème particulier se pose pour sanctionner et réparer les crimes résultant de l’esclavage et de la traite négrière transatlantique. En effet, alors que la loi n oo 2001-434 du 21 mai 2001 qualifie ces infractions de « crimes contre l’humanité », le droit français manque de clarté sur le régime de responsabilité à engager par les descendants d’esclaves afin d’obtenir des réparations.
L’intrapreneuriat, une arme de rétention ?
Authors: Jerman Lambert 
Published: March 2021

Comment retenir les meilleurs talents ? Comment leur permettre de s’épanouir avec un travail plus enrichissant ? Et comment développer leurs compétences pour accroître les capacités d’innovation de l’organisation ? Voici des questions avec lesquelles jonglent de nombreuses entreprises du monde entier, y compris les grands cabinets d’audit et de conseil.
Les grands investisseurs poursuivent leur révolution tranquille
Authors: Venne Jean-François 
Published: March 2021

Les changements climatiques, la crise financière de 2008, les mouvements sociaux comme #MeToo ou Black Lives Matter et la pandémie de COVID-19 ont accentué la pression en faveur d’une transformation du capitalisme. Les grands investisseurs répondent-ils à l’appel ?
On a lu pour vous – L’impact de la crise sur le management
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam 
Published: March 2021

Comment les gestionnaires réagissent-ils à la situation exceptionnelle provoquée par la pandémie de COVID-19 ? Résilience adaptative, management de crise, nouvelles possibilités : la crise sanitaire apporte son lot de défis et de solutions ingénieuses, révèle une enquête menée par le Business Science Institute sous la direction de Michel Kalika.
Entretien avec Kim Scott : l’honnêteté vaut son pesant d’or
Authors: Barlow Julie 
Published: March 2021

Être ou ne pas être gentil ? Telle est la question que pose Kim Scott dans son plus récent ouvrage 1 . Titulaire d’un MBA de la Harvard Business School, cette coach de dirigeants y révèle quelques secrets d’Apple et de Google, où elle a travaillé. Et elle nous explique pourquoi les gestionnaires doivent à tout prix éviter le piège de la complaisance.
Relationship between serum level of lipoprotein (a) and central macular thickness in diabetic patients
Authors: Deraz Howaida E. , Ahmed Essam Elden S. , El-Shimi Ola S. , Gad Elham A. 
Published: March 2021

Background and aim
Diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy are major tragedies in ophthalmology. Lipoprotein (Lp) (a) is a pro-atherogenic and a pro-thrombotic risk factor. It has an antifibrinolytic effect with increasing risk of clotting and blood vessel occlusion. Elevated Lp (a) concentrations can also damage the microcirculation by its oxidative effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum level of Lp (a) and the development of maculopathy in diabetic patients by measuring the central macular thickness (CMT) using optical coherence tomography.

Patients and methods
This case–control study included one case group of 40 eyes of 20 diabetic patients and one control group of 40 eyes of 20 nondiabetic age-matched and sex-matched patients. All participants were subjected to full ophthalmological examination, including best-corrected visual acuity testing, BMI calculation, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum Lp (a), and CMT measurement by three-dimensional optical coherence tomography.

Results
There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age or sex. Cases group had significantly higher BMI, HbA1c, Lp (a), and CMT than the control group (P<0.001 for all). In addition, cases had significantly lower best-corrected visual acuity than the controls (P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between CMT (μm) and each of HbA1c, Lp (a), and BMI (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.002, respectively). Lp (a) level of 11.34 ng/ml or more was found to have a 95% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 95% overall accuracy in predicting central macular edema (CME). On univariate logistic regression analysis, both of the BMI and Lp (a) were independent significant predictors for CME (P<0.001 and P=0.05, respectively), with odds ratio of 1.569 and 14.482, respectively.

Conclusion
Lp (a) was significantly correlated with CMT. It had an excellent sensitivity and specificity in predicting CME and can be used as a potential marker for its detection.
Finding the calm amid chaos – Mental health of dentists during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Rai Shilpa , Janeswar Avinash , Suresan Vinay , Jha Kunal , Singh Arpita 
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 has challenged health professionals all around the world. Dental practitioners are facing a challenge they were unprepared for. Two years ago, no dentist could have envisioned a situation where every step of every encounter requires personal protective equipment, frequent decontamination of the clinical environment, limiting the daily number of patients, and decreased financial security amid the constant fear of contracting the virus has affected the psychology of the dentists. Psychological distress may negatively affect the decision-making ability of the dentists which in turn might influence patient outcomes and well-being. Solutions need to be devised to attain stability and keep dentistry going. This article provides an overview of proposed mitigation measures.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Patient care, Interpersonal and communication skills, Medical Knowledge, Systems-based practice.