bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of Cheddar, Kefalotyri, and Halloumi cheese samples by the chemometric analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
Authors: Tarapoulouzi Maria , Theocharis Charis R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiscrimination of dairy products can be carried out through a number of chemical methods. The aim of this study was to discriminate the samples of Cheddar, Kefalotyri, and Halloumi cheese by analyzing various samples, from different brands. In this way, we hoped to be able to underline the unique identity of Halloumi cheese, by building a robust model to determine any Halloumi cheese replacements in food products. A total of 102 samples were used, including 14 Cheddar samples, 14 samples of Kefalotyri cheese, and 74 Halloumi cheese samples. Two spectroscopic techniques proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were chosen to obtain chemical analytical data. The data were analyzed using SIMCA software. OPLS‐DA was the principal chemometric method applied, as well as multiblock orthogonal component analysis. In the context of data fusion, the spectroscopic techniques used here, along with chemometrics allow the discrimination of those three types of cheese. Both spectroscopic techniques employed are significant, since they provide information about good classification of the samples when they are combined together. Interpretation of results and classification by using chemometric methods confirmed the different recipe of the three types of cheese.Practical ApplicationsFood adulteration is a significant issue even where there is no direct effect on public health as it affects the income of the manufacturers as well as of the source materials used in the production of the final product. Halloumi cheese is very popular not only in Cyprus, but also throughout Europe. Adulteration of the product by milk with species origin other than those in the standard in common. The analysis protocol we describe in this publication is fast and easy to use and provides a useful tool to detect adulteration for producers and competent supervising authorities.
Selecting a lawyer: the practical arrangement of police station legal assistance
Authors: DALY YVONNE , CONWAY VICKY 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe importance of the right to legal assistance for suspects detained for police questioning, as part of the right to a fair trial, has been emphasized within the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Union Roadmap directives on procedural rights. This article examines an overlooked aspect of the protection of that right: the selection of a lawyer in the police station. The selection process is unregulated in jurisdictions across Europe. Using Ireland as a case study, and drawing on interviews with 44 criminal defence solicitors, this article highlights concerns around the influence of police on the selection decision, the favouring of certain (types of) solicitors, and the impact on the quality of legal assistance, particularly for persons with additional vulnerabilities. The authors argue that the lack of a formal, transparent system for the selection of lawyers undermines the effectiveness of the right to legal assistance.
Potential directions for farm stress research: A systematic review of educational interventions to reduce psychosocial stress among farm and rural populations
Authors: Derringer Julie C. , Biddle Martha J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite prevalence of high psychosocial stress and suicide among farm and rural populations, few studies exist that measure effectiveness of stress reduction interventions.PurposeTo (1) compare studies with educational interventions on psychosocial stress as measured by reliable and valid instruments in farm and rural populations and (2) identify educational strategies utilized among effective interventions.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted across 4 electronic databases and Google Scholar to identify research that reported outcomes of stress reduction educational interventions among farm and rural populations. Original research articles published in English between January 1980 and October 2020 were included. Literature was excluded that: (1) used cognitive behavioral therapy, (2) reported outcomes of post‐traumatic distress disorders, and (3) examined clinical guidelines or policy change. Extracted data included study characteristics, outcomes, and delivery methodology.FindingsTitle and abstract screening resulted in 256 manuscripts assessed for inclusion criteria. The final selection of 22 studies were categorized into 2 educational intervention delivery methods: home/community setting or virtual. Fourteen out of 22 studies reported significant stress reduction. Virtual interventions had the most promising impact on psychosocial stress with significant reduction reported in 4 of 6 studies; however, mixed results were found among all delivery methods.ConclusionsEducational interventions may reduce psychosocial stress among farm and rural populations, though important questions remain. We recommend future research should focus on barriers to participation, development of measurement tools, and consistent outcome measurement.
Incentives to exclusive and non‐exclusive technology licensing under partial vertical integration
Authors: Sánchez Mariola , Belso‐Martínez José Antonio , López‐Sánchez María José , Nerja Adrián 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we compare the scenarios of exclusive licenses and cross‐licenses under the existence of partial vertical integration. To do this, a successive duopoly model is proposed, with two technology owners and two firms competing in a differentiated product market. Each technology owner has a share in one of the competing firms, so that competition is also extended to the upstream R&D sector. Thus, this model represents a mixed case to what is normally analyzed in the literature. We explore the implications of the size of innovation and the degree of vertical integration in technology diffusion. In equilibrium, patent holders’ decisions might not be aligned.
The accuracy and clinical impact of the morphological identification of Aspergillus species in the age of cryptic species: A single‐centre study
Authors: Takeda Keita , Suzuki Junko , Watanabe Akira , Sekiguchi Ryo , Sano Tomoya , Watanabe Masato , Narumoto Osamu , Kawashima Masahiro , Fukami Takeshi , Sasaki Yuka , Tamura Atsuhisa , Nagai Hideaki , Matsui Hirotoshi , Kamei Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAspergillus spp. is identified morphologically without antifungal susceptibility tests (ASTs) in most clinical laboratories. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical impact of the morphological identification of Aspergillus spp. to ensure the adequate clinical management of Aspergillus infections.Patients/MethodsAspergillus isolates (n = 126) from distinct antifungal treatment‐naïve patients with aspergillosis were first identified morphologically, followed by species‐level identification via DNA sequencing. An AST for itraconazole (ITC) and voriconazole (VRC) was performed on each Aspergillus isolate.ResultsBased on the genetic test results, morphology‐based identification was accurate for >95% of the isolates at the species sensu lato level although the test concordance of Aspergillus spp. with low detection rates was low. The rates of cryptic species were found to be 1.2% among the isolates of A. fumigatus complex and 96.8% in the A. niger complex. Cryptic species with lower susceptibilities to antifungal drugs than sensu stricto species among the same Aspergillus section were as follows: The A. lentulus (n = 1) isolates had low susceptibilities to azoles among the A. fumigatus complex species (n = 86), and A. tubingensis isolates (n = 18) exhibited lower susceptibility to azoles among the A. niger complex species (n = 31).ConclusionDiagnostic accuracy was high at the A. fumigatus and A. niger complex level. However, in the presence of cryptic species, a solely morphological identification was insufficient. Particularly, ITC and VRC might be inappropriate for aspergillosis treatment when the A. niger complex is identified morphologically because it is possible that the Aspergillus isolate is A. tubingensis.
Multidisciplinary team perception of games‐based therapy in critical care: A service evaluation
Authors: King Elizabeth , Gustafson Owen , Judge Tom , Vollam Sarah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs survivorship following critical illness improves, there is greater focus on maximizing recovery. As well as physical effects, critical illness often results in cognitive impairments such as delirium, anxiety, or disorientation. In other populations, such as delirium, non‐pharmacological approaches to manage these conditions are preferred, including re‐orientation and ensuring personal care needs are met. Cognitive rehabilitation is also well documented for patients with neuropsychological deficits. Treatments include memory aids, compensation strategies, and functional execution. In other hospital populations, games and activities have been utilized to optimize patient engagement, stimulation, and aid recovery, but it is considered an emerging therapy in intensive care.AimsThis service evaluation aimed to gather multidisciplinary team members' perceptions of the use of games based therapy (GBT) in critical care, including patient engagement and acceptability in clinical practice.Study designA UK‐based single‐centre qualitative service evaluation. Purposive sampling was used to identify interviewees within an adult intensive care who had experience of using a recently implemented GBT intervention. Qualitative data were collected through semi‐structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsEight staff members across the multidisciplinary team were interviewed. One overarching theme of humanizing health care was identified, with three sub‐themes of enhancing recovery, non‐physical components of care, and bespoke tailoring. In addition, further recommendations for development of the service were summarized.ConclusionGBT was well received by staff in clinical practice. It was described as a supportive adjunct to traditional care and rehabilitation, enhancing staff‐patient relationships. While it was recognized it may not suit all patients, GBT has the potential to enhance cognitive and physical recovery.
Laser‐evoked potentials recover gradually when using dorsal root ganglion stimulation, and this influences nociceptive pathways in neuropathic pain patients
Authors: Morgalla Matthias Hubert , Zhang Yi , de Barros Filho Marcos Fortunato , Lepski Guilherme , Chander Bankim Subhash 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveDorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) is able to relieve chronic neuropathic pain. There seems evidence that DRGS might achieve this by gradually influencing pain pathways. We used laser‐evoked potentials (LEP) to verify our hypothesis that the recovery of the LEP may reflect DRGS‐induced changes within the nociceptive system.MethodsNine patients (mean age 56.8 years, range 36–77 years, two females) diagnosed with chronic neuropathic pain in the knee or groin were enrolled in the study. We measured each patient's LEP at the painful limb and contralateral control limb on the first, fourth, and seventh day after implantation of the DRGS system. We used the numeric rating scale (NRS) for the simultaneous pain assessment.ResultsThe LEP amplitude of the N2–P2 complex showed a significant increase on day 7 when compared to day 1 (Z = −2.666, p = 0.008) and to day 4 (Z = −2.547, p = 0.011), respectively. There was no significant difference in the N2–P2 complex amplitude between ON and OFF states during DRGS. The patients’ NRS significantly decreased after 1 day (p = 0.007), 4 days (p = 0.007), and 7 days (p = 0.007) when compared to the baseline.ConclusionsThe results show that with DRGS, the LEP recovered gradually within 7 days in neuropathic pain patients. Therefore, reduction of the NRS in patients with chronic neuropathic pain might be due to DRGS‐induced processes within the nociceptive system. These processes might indicate neuroplasticity mediated recovery of the LEP.
Effects of spatial attention and limb position on the cortical interaction of bilateral noxious inputs
Authors: Northon Stéphane , Deldar Zoha , Piché Mathieu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBilateral noxious inputs interact in the brain to provide a better representation of physical threat. In the present study, we investigated the effects of spatial attention and limb position on this interaction. Painful laser stimuli were applied randomly on the right hand or on both hands, while varying spatial attention (focal or overall) and limb position (hands near or far from each other). Pain perception and laser‐evoked potentials (N1, N2, P2) were compared between conditions in 27 healthy volunteers. Compared with unilateral stimulation, bilateral stimulation increased pain (p = .004), the N2 (p = .0015) and P2 (p < .001) amplitude. The effects on pain and the P2 were greater when hands were in the near compared with the far position (p < .05). The effect on pain was also greater for overall compared with focal pain rating (p = .003). In addition, the N1 amplitude was greater for bilateral stimulation when hands were in the far compared with the near position (p = .01). These results show that increased brain responses and pain for bilateral compared with unilateral noxious stimulation are modulated differentially by spatial attention and limb position. This suggests that the integration of noxious inputs occurs through partially independent pain‐related processes, that it is modulated by limb position, and that it is partially independent of pain perception. We propose that this is necessary to produce coordinated, flexible and adapted defensive responses.
Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the P3 event‐related potential (ERP) elicited by alcoholic and non‐alcoholic beverage pictures
Authors: Cofresí Roberto U. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Hajcak Greg , Bartholow Bruce D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAddiction researchers are interested in the ability of neural signals, like the P3 component of the ERP, to index individual differences in liability factors like motivational reactivity to alcohol/drug cues. The reliability of these measures directly impacts their ability to index individual differences, yet little attention has been paid to their psychometric properties. The present study fills this gap by examining within‐session internal consistency reliability (ICR) and between‐session test–retest reliability (TRR) of the P3 amplitude elicited by images of alcoholic beverages (Alcohol Cue P3) and non‐alcoholic drinks (NADrink Cue P3) as well as the difference between them, which isolates alcohol cue‐specific reactivity in the P3 (ACR‐P3). Analyses drew on data from a large sample of alcohol‐experienced emerging adults (session 1 N = 211, 55% female, aged 18–20 yr; session 2 N = 98, 66% female, aged 19–21 yr). Evaluated against domain‐general thresholds, ICR was excellent (M ± SD; r= 0.902 ± 0.030) and TRR was fair (r = 0.706 ± 0.020) for Alcohol Cue P3 and NADrink Cue P3, whereas for ACR‐P3, ICR and TRR were poor (r = 0.370 ± 0.071; r = 0.201 ± 0.042). These findings indicate that individual differences in the P3 elicited by cues for ingested liquid rewards are highly reliable and substantially stable over 8–10 months. Individual differences in alcohol cue‐specific P3 reactivity were less reliable and less stable. The conditions under which alcohol/drug cue‐specific reactivity in neural signals is adequately reliable and stable remain to be discovered.
Sponging of glutamate at the outer plasma membrane surface reveals roles for glutamate in development
Authors: Castro‐Rodríguez Vanessa , Kleist Thomas J. , Gappel Nicoline M. , Atanjaoui Fatiha , Okumoto Sakiko , Machado Mackenzie , Denyer Tom , Timmermans Marja C. P. , Frommer Wolf B. , Wudick Michael M. 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARY
Plants use electrical and chemical signals for systemic communication. Herbivory, for instance, appears to trigger local apoplasmic glutamate accumulation, systemic electrical signals, and calcium waves that travel to report insect damage to neighboring leaves and initiate defense. To monitor extra‐ and intracellular glutamate concentrations in plants, we generated Arabidopsis lines expressing genetically encoded fluorescent glutamate sensors. In contrast to cytosolically localized sensors, extracellularly displayed variants inhibited plant growth and proper development. Phenotypic analyses of high‐affinity display sensor lines revealed that root meristem development, particularly the quiescent center, number of lateral roots, vegetative growth, and floral architecture were impacted. Notably, the severity of the phenotypes was positively correlated with the affinity of the display sensors, intimating that their ability to sequester glutamate at the surface of the plasma membrane was responsible for the defects. Root growth defects were suppressed by supplementing culture media with low levels of glutamate. Together, the data indicate that sequestration of glutamate at the cell surface either disrupts the supply of glutamate to meristematic cells and/or impairs localized glutamatergic signaling important for developmental processes.
From demand forecasting to inventory ordering decisions for red blood cells through integrating machine learning, statistical modeling, and inventory optimization
Authors: Li Na , Arnold Donald M. , Down Douglas G. , Barty Rebecca , Blake John , Chiang Fei , Courtney Tom , Waito Marianne , Trifunov Rick , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe demand and supply of blood are highly variable over time. Blood inventory management that relies heavily on experience‐based decisions may not be adaptive to real demand, leading to high operational costs, wastage, and shortages.MethodsWe combined statistical modeling, machine learning, and optimization methods to develop a data‐driven demand forecasting and inventory management strategy for red blood cells (RBCs). We then used the strategy to inform daily blood orders. A secondary semi‐weekly (twice per week) ordering strategy was developed to handle the last‐mile split delivery problem for blood suppliers, characterized by multi‐deliveries to the same location multiple times during a short period of time. Both strategies were evaluated using the TRUST database including all patient data across four hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario.ResultsWe identified 227,944 RBC transfusions for 40,787 patients in Hamilton, Ontario from 2012 to 2018. The predicted daily demand from the hybrid demand forecasting model was not significantly different from the actual daily demand (paired t‐test p‐value = 0.163); however, the proposed daily ordering quantity from the model was significantly lower than the actual ordering quantity (p‐value <0.001). The proposed daily ordering strategy reduced inventory levels by 38.4% without risk of shortages, leading to an overall cost reduction of 43.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.3%, 43.7%) compared with the actual cost. The semi‐weekly ordering strategy reduced ordering frequency by 62.6% (95% CI: 61.5%, 63.7%).ConclusionThe proposed data‐driven ordering strategy combining demand forecasting and inventory optimization can achieve significant cost savings for healthcare systems and blood suppliers.
THE EMERGENCE OF SELVES AND PURPOSE
Authors: Goodenough Ursula W. , Sherman Jeremy E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe first consider the concept of emergent properties and constraint‐based emergent dynamics, and present a model, based on such dynamics, of the origin of life from nonlife and the subsequent selection and evolution of variant lifeforms. We then explore the concept that each lifeform is a self, engaged in self‐maintenance, self‐repair, self‐protection, and self‐reproduction, leading to the endowment of each self with systems of purpose, awareness, attunement, and meaning assessment. Finally, we apply these understandings to humans and suggest their implications for our religious and ecological orientations.
Bereavement care immediately after perinatal loss in health care facilities: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Roberts Lisa R. , Sarpy Nancy L. , Peters Judith , Nick Jan M. , Tamares Shanalee 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review will summarize what is known about formal and informal perinatal bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities before discharge, and map the mental health outcomes of parents against characteristics of the guidelines.

Introduction:
Conflicting evidence for bereavement care guidelines, the lack of randomized controlled trials and experimental studies, and older synthesized information with a limited focus or population make synthesis complex. A scoping review will help determine the breadth and depth of the literature.

Inclusion criteria:
Sources pertaining to bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities immediately after perinatal loss (miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal death) and measuring parents’ mental health outcomes will be included. Sources relating to family members other than parents, perinatal loss occurring outside of a health care facility, and physical care guidelines will be excluded.

Methods:
The proposed review will be conducted using the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The team will consider quantitative and qualitative studies, practice guidelines, case reports, expert opinions, systematic reviews, professional organization websites, and gray literature. Databases to be searched will include CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. The earliest empirical study found (1976) will serve as the starting date limit. After pilot testing, the two-step screening process (titles and abstracts, then full-text articles), data will be extracted, collated, and presented in narrative form as well as in tables and diagrams. The results will provide facilities with a broad view of bereavement care to support grieving parents’ mental health.