bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Entrepreneurialism: PN Review, Feminism and the Arts Council of Great Britain, 1973–1990
Authors: Jaillant Lise 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article examines the evolution of PN Review, a leading Manchester-based poetry magazine, in relation to second-wave feminism in the 1970s and 1980s. Largely funded by the Arts Council of Great Britain, the magazine was initially not a welcoming place for female poets and contributors. Women’s poetry was often disparaged, and few women contributed to the magazine. From the early 1980s, however, PN Review started to include more women voices—a transition led by the founding editor Michael Schmidt, who was eager to include forgotten and neglected female poets on his list. This essay argues that changes in public funding, and increased market opportunities for women authors and feminist ideas, forced the magazine to evolve and adapt quickly. Women were taking a more visible role in the publishing world, as the success of the feminist press Virago (created in 1973) shows. Women poets were becoming more vocal, and openly denounced their marginalization in the poetry scene. The funding cuts decided by Margaret Thatcher’s government led to profound changes as Arts Council ‘clients’ competed fiercely to survive in a tough landscape. Changing priorities at the Arts Council—including the need for more diversity in publishing—also had an impact on grant holders. PN Review therefore offers a good example of a literary institution that was directly pushed towards gender diversity through external pressures from the Arts Council of Great Britain and the market.
Deaths due to COVID-19 in a state of northeastern Brazil: spatiotemporal distribution, sociodemographic and clinical and operational characteristics
Authors: da Silva Weslei Melo , Brito Paula dos Santos , de Sousa Giana Gislanne da Silva , Santos Livia Fernanda Siqueira , da Silva Janiel Conceição , Costa Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus , Pascoal Livia Maia , Santos Floriacy Stabnow , Graepp Fontoura Iolanda , Lobato Jaisane Santos Melo , Fontoura Volmar Morais , Pereira Ana Lucia Fernandes , dos Santos Leonardo Hunaldo , Santos Neto Marcelino 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The detection of spatiotemporal clusters of deaths by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential for health systems and services, as it contributes to the allocation of resources and helps in effective decision making aimed at disease control and surveillance. Thus we aim to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution and describe sociodemographic and clinical and operational characteristics of COVID-19-related deaths in a Brazilian state.

Methods
A descriptive and ecological study was carried out in the state of Maranhão. The study population consisted of deaths by COVID-19 in the period from 29 March to 31 July 2020. The detection of spatiotemporal clusters was performed by spatiotemporal scan analysis.

Results
A total of 3001 deaths were analysed with an average age of 69 y, predominantly in males, of brown ethnicity, with arterial hypertension and diabetes, diagnosed mainly by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in public laboratories. The crude mortality rates the municipalities ranged from 0.00 to 102.24 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants and three spatiotemporal clusters of high relative risk were detected, with a mortality rate ranging from 20.25 to 91.49 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants per month. The headquarters was the metropolitan region of São Luís and municipalities with better socio-economic and health development.

Conclusions
The heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution and the sociodemographic and clinical and operational characteristics of deaths by COVID-19 point to the need for interventions.
Tracing the potential extra-household contacts of TB patients: findings from a personal social network survey in a high TB burden setting in India
Authors: Nagarajan Karikalan , Muniyandi Malaisamy , Palani Bharathidasan , Sellappan Senthil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence on the extra-household contacts of TB patients who drive disease transmission is scarce.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional personal social network survey among 300 newly diagnosed index pulmonary TB patients to identify their first-degree extra-household contacts.

Results
A significantly higher proportion of neighbourhood (3.5; 95% CI 1.3 to 7.5), occupational (3.2; 95% CI 1.3 to 9.2) and friendship contacts (2.2; 95% CI 0.8 to 4.5) developed TB within 1 y of the index patient's diagnosis than their household contacts (0.7; 95% CI 0.3 to 1.3). Similarly, a higher proportion of extra-household contacts had TB at different time points before the index patient was diagnosed.

Conclusion
Extra-household contacts of TB patients could be a potential source of TB or could be at increased risk of TB.
Obliterated Posterior Cul-de-sac Laparoscopic Surgical Simulation
Authors: Senapati Sangeeta , Alsaden Iman M. , Schroer Margaret , Tu Frank 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Obliteration of the posterior cul-de-sac is a challenging, often unexpected surgical finding. Developing the dissection skills required to manage this finding during laparoscopy is essential for optimizing treatment of many pain disorders during hysterectomy or ovarian surgery; however, exposure of trainees to cul-de-sac dissection is variable. Currently, there are no widely available simulation models for teaching and practicing this technique.

METHOD:
Our aim is to design a low-cost and high-fidelity laparoscopic simulation model that represents key anatomical structures and emphasizes skills for laparoscopic dissection of an obliterated posterior cul-de-sac.

EXPERIENCE:
A three-dimensional model was created and is described. Nine experts (gynecologic surgery fellows and attendings) and 17 residents completed a single 30-minute simulation session and completed several assessments to begin establishing the face validity of this model.

CONCLUSION:
Experts and residents rated the obliterated cul-de-sac simulation as highly realistic and useful. Residents showed a statistically significant increase in comfort with the dissection, from a median Likert score of 1 out of 5 (interquartile range 1–1) to 3 out of 5 (interquartile range 2–3) (P<.001). Experts scored better than residents on blinded video grading of model performance (P<.001). This low-cost and easily reproducible model fills a critical gap in gynecologic surgery education.
Identification of SLC38A7 as a Prognostic Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Haratake Naoki , Hu Qingjiang , Okamoto Tatsuro , Jogo Tomoko , Toyokawa Gouji , Kinoshita Fumihiko , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Iseda Norifumi , Itoh Shinji , Yamada Yuichi , Oda Yoshinao , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Kikutake Chie , Suyama Mikita , Unoki Motoko , Sasaki Hiroyuki , Mori Masaki 
Published: June 2021

Background:
No effective molecular targeted therapy has been established for SCC. We conducted a comprehensive study of SCC patients using RNA-sequencing and TCGA dataset to clarify the driver oncogene of SCC.

Method:
Forty-six samples of 23 patients were totally analyzed with RNA-sequencing. We then searched for candidate-oncogenes of SCC using the TCGA database. To identify candidate oncogenes, we used the following 2 criteria: (1) the genes of interest were overexpressed in tumor tissues of SCC patients in comparison to normal tissues; and (2) using an integrated mRNA expression and DNA copy number profiling analysis using the TCGA dataset, the DNA copy number of the genes was positively correlated with the mRNA expression.

Result:
We identified 188 candidate-oncogenes. Among those, the high expression of SLC38A7 was a strong prognostic marker that was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in terms of both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival in the TCGA dataset (P < 0.05). Additionally, 202 resected SCC specimens were also subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis. Patients with the high expression of SLC38A7 (alternative name is sodium-coupled amino acid transporters 7) protein showed significantly shorter OS in comparison to those with the low expression of SLC38A7 protein [median OS 3.9 years (95% confidence interval, 2.4–6.4 years) vs 2.2 years (95% confidence interval, 1.9–4.1 years); log rank test: P = 0.0021].

Conclusion:
SLC38A7, which is the primary lysosomal glutamine transporter required for the extracellular protein-dependent growth of cancer cells, was identified as a candidate therapeutic target of SCC.
Evidence-based Guidelines on the Use of Virtual Surgical Education Pertaining to the Domains of Cognition and Curriculum, Psychomotor Skills Training, and Faculty Development and Mentorship
Authors: Park Keon Min , Rashidian Nikdokht , Anderson Chelsie , Brian Riley , Calthorpe Lucia M. , Gee Denise , Hernandez Sophia , Lau James , Nepomnayshy Dmitry , Patel Nell Maloney , Pei Kevin , Reddy Rishindra M. , Roman Sanziana A. , Scott Daniel J. , Alseidi Adnan 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To identify, categorize, and evaluate the quality of literature, and to provide evidence-based guidelines on virtual surgical education within the cognitive and curricula, psychomotor, and faculty development and mentorship domains.

Summary of Background Data:
During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, utilizing virtual learning modalities is expanding rapidly. Although the innovative methods must be considered to bridge the surgical education gap, a framework is needed to avoid expansion of virtual education without proper supporting evidence in some areas.

Methods:
The Association for Surgical Education formed an ad-hoc research group to evaluate the quality and methodology of the current literature on virtual education and to build evidence-based guidelines by utilizing the SiGN methodology. We identified patient/problem–intervention–comparison–outcome-style questions, conducted systematic literature reviews using PubMed, EMBASE, and Education Resources information Center databases. Then we formulated evidence-based recommendations, assessed the quality of evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Education, and Kirkpatrick ratings, and conducted Delphi consensus to validate the recommendations.

Results:
Eleven patient/problem–intervention–comparison–outcome-style questions were designed by the expert committees. After screening 4723 articles by the review committee, 241 articles met inclusion criteria for full article reviews, and 166 studies were included and categorized into 3 domains: cognition and curricula (n = 92), psychomotor, (n = 119), and faculty development and mentorship (n = 119). Sixteen evidence-based recommendations were formulated and validated by an external expert panel.

Conclusion:
The evidence-based guidelines developed using SiGN methodology, provide a set of recommendations for surgical training societies, training programs, and educators on utilizing virtual surgical education and highlights the area of needs for further investigation.
Defining Surgical Difficulty of Liver Transplantation
Authors: Azoulay Daniel , Salloum Chady , Llado Laura , Ramos Emilio , Lopez-Dominguez Josefina , Cachero Alba , Fabregat Joan , Feray Cyrille , Lim Chetana 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To define technically Diff-LT.

Summary of Background Data:
Currently, there is no acknowledged definition of Diff-LT.

Methods:
This retrospective study included all first consecutive liver-only transplantations performed in 2 centers from 2011 to 2015. Diff-LT was defined as the combination of the number of blood units transfused, cold ischemia time, and duration of operation, all at or above the median value of the entire population. The correlation of Diff-LT with short- (including the comprehensive complication index) and long-term outcomes was assessed. Outcomes were also compared to the 90-day benchmark cutoffs of LT. Predictors of Diff-LT were identified by multivariable analysis, first using only recipient data and then using all recipient, donor, graft, and surgical data.

Results:
The study population included 467 patients. The incidence of Diff- LT was 18.8%. Diff-LT was associated with short-term outcomes, including the comprehensive complication index and mortality, but not with patient or graft long-term survival. Previous abdominal surgery, intensive care unitbound at the time of LT, split graft use, nonstandard arterial reconstruction, and porto-systemic shunt ligation were independent predictors of Diff-LT. The proportion of variables below the corresponding LT 90-day benchmark cutoffs was 8/13 (61.5%) for non-Diff-LT, and 4/13 (30.8%) for Diff-LT.

Conclusions:
Diff-LT, as defined, occurred frequently. Adjusting modifiable variables might decrease the risk of Diff-LT and improve the postoperative course. This definition of Diff-LT might be useful for patient information, comparison between centers and surgeons, and as a metric in future trials.
Inter-Rater Agreement of the Classification of Intraoperative Adverse Events (ClassIntra) in Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Krielen P. , Gawria L. , Stommel M. W. J. , Dell-Kuster S. , Rosenthal R. , ten Broek R. P. G. , van Goor H. 
Published: June 2021

Objective and Summary of Background Data:
Adverse events in surgical patients can occur preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. Universally accepted classification systems are not yet available for intraoperative adverse events (iAEs). ClassIntra has recently been developed and validated as a tool for grading iAEs that occur between skin incision and skin closure irrespective of the origin, that is, surgery, anesthesia, or organizational. The aim of this study is to assess the inter-rater agreement of ClassIntra and assess its predictive value for postoperative complications in elective abdominal surgery.

Methods:
This study is a secondary use of data from the LAParotomy or LAParoscopy and ADhesiolysis (LAPAD) study, with detailed data on incidence and management of intra-operative and post-operative complications. Data were collected in a cohort of elective abdominal surgeries. Two teams graded all recorded events in the LAPAD study according to ClassIntra. Cohen Kappa coefficient was calculated to determine inter-rater agreement. Uni- and multivariable linear regression was used to assess the predictive value of the ClassIntra grades for postoperative complications.

Results:
IAEs were rated in 333 of 755 (44%) surgeries by team 1, and in 324 of 755 (43%) surgeries by team 2. Cohen kappa coefficient for ClassIntra grades was 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.90]. Discrepancies in grading were most frequent for intraoperative bleeding and adhesions' associated injuries. At least 1 postoperative complication was observed in 278 (37%) patients. The risk of a postoperative complications increased with every increase in severity grade of ClassIntra. Intraoperative hypotension [mean difference (MD) 23.41, 95% CI 12.93–33.90] and other organ injuries (MD 18.90, 95% CI –4.22 – 42.02) were the strongest predictors for postoperative complications.

Conclusions:
ClassIntra has an almost perfect inter-rater agreement for the classification of iAEs. An increasing grade of ClassIntra was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications. Discrepancies in grading related to common complications in abdominal procedures mostly consisted of intraoperative bleeding and adhesion-related injuries. Grading of interoperative events in abdominal surgery might further improve by consensus regarding the definitions of a number of frequent events.
Prospective Evaluation of a Tiered Opioid Prescribing Guideline for Inpatient Colorectal Operations
Authors: Meyer David C. , Hill Susanna S. , Pavao Richard , Resnick Adam J. , Purkayastha Ayan , Davids Jennifer S. , Sturrock Paul R. , Maykel Justin A. , Alavi Karim 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
This study sought to prospectively validate an institutional prescribing guideline based on previously defined opioid consumption patterns following inpatient colorectal operations.

Background:
In light of the opioid epidemic, reducing excess prescription quantities is key while still tailoring to patient needs.

Methods:
This is a cohort study of elective colorectal operations (colectomies, proctectomies, and ostomy reversals) at a single tertiary care medical center. Opioid prescribing and consumption patterns [quantified as Equianalgesic 5 mg Oxycodone Pills (EOP)] were compared before and after adoption of a tiered opioid prescribing guideline. Tiers were divided based on opioid consumption in the 24 hours before discharge: Tier 1 (0 EOP), Tier 2 (0.1-3 EOP), and Tier 3 (>3 EOP). Our guideline recommended maximum prescriptions of 0 EOP for Tier 1, 12 EOP for Tier 2, and 30 EOP for Tier 3. Results: The study included 100 patients before and 101 after guideline adoption. Demographic and operative characteristics were similar between cohorts. Guideline adherence was 85%. Overall, there was a 41%reduction in mean prescription quantity and 53% reduction in excess pills per prescription. No change in opioid consumption or refill rates was observed.

Conclusions:
Adoption of a tiered opioid prescribing guideline significantly reduced opioid prescription quantity with no change in consumption or refill rates. Standardization of discharge prescriptions based on patient consumption in the 24 hours before discharge may be an important step toward minimizing excess prescribing.
Salibaculum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Salibaculum griseiflavum sp. nov., in the family Rhodobacteraceae
Authors: Zhu Ke-Lei , Wang Xiao-Qun , Zhang Tian-Shu , Shang Dan-Dan , Du Zong-Jun 
Published: June 2021

Two Gram-stain-negative, moderately halophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped, pale yellow, and aerobic strains, designated WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T, were isolated from a marine solar saltern in Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China. Growth of strain WDS1C4T occurred at 10–45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), with 4–16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 8 %) and at pH 6.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). Growth of strain WDS4C29T occurred at 10–45 °C (optimum, 40 °C), with 2–18 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 6 %) and at pH 6.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). Q-10 was the sole respiratory quinone of the two strains. The major polar lipids of strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The major cellular fatty acid in strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T was C18 : 1
ω7c, and the genomic DNA G+C contents of strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were 67.6 and 63.3 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T were members of the family

Rhodobacteraceae

and showed 94.3 and 95.3 % similarities to their closest relative,

Celeribacter indicus

, respectively. The similarity between WDS1C4T and WDS4C29T was 97.3 %. Differential phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the two isolates from recognized genera showed that the two strains should be classified as representing two novel species in a new genus for which the names Salibaculum halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. (type species, type strain WDS1C4T=MCCC 1H00179T=KCTC 52542T) and Salibaculum griseiflavum sp. nov. (WDS4C29T=MCCC 1H00175T=KCTC 52541T) are proposed.
Voice of the patient: Emergence of new motor and non-motor symptoms in early Parkinson’s Disease?
Authors: Tosin Michelle H.S. , Simuni Tanya , Stebbins Glenn T. , Cedarbaum Jesse M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the utility of using patient reported emergence of new symptoms (ES) as an outcome measure during the early phase of the disease.MethodsWe analyzed data from MDS-UPDRS Part IB and Part II from the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy Assessment of Isradipine for PD (STEADY-PD3) study, with at least one annual follow-up over two years. We divided the sample into categories of follow-up visit (between 0 and 12-months, and 13 and 24-months) and the number of ES for each part of the scale between participants who started symptomatic treatment and those who did not (STx-yes/no). We assessed ES differences between participants STx in each follow-up visit using Mann-Whitney U test, and the Kaplan-Meier analyses.ResultsOf 331 participants observed for months 0 to 12, 288 (87%) developed ES, and 182 (55%) started STx. For Part IB, the median number of ES did not significantly differ between the STx groups (Z=-0.86, p = 0.39), while for Part 2, the number of ES was significantly higher for the STx-yes group (Z=-2.38, p=0.02). Of 148 participants who continued to be observed for months 13 to 24, 114 (77%) developed ES, and 62 (42%) started STx. For Part IB, the median number of ES did not significantly differ between the STx groups (Z=-0.33, p = 0.74), while for Part 2, the number of ES was significantly higher for the STx-yes group (Z=-2.25, p=0.02).ConclusionsAssessing ES among patient-reported experiences of daily living may provide a useful marker for tracking PD progression.
Selective tweeting of COVID-19 articles: Does title or abstract positivity influence dissemination?
Authors: Fabiano Nicholas , Hallgrimson Zachary , Wong Stanley , Salameh Jean-Paul , Kazi Sakib , Unni Rudy R , Treanor Lee , Frank Robert , Prager Ross , McInnes Matthew DF 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown that articles may be cited more frequently on the basis of title or abstract positivity. Whether a similar selective sharing practice exists on Twitter is not well understood. The objective of this study was to assess if COVID-19 articles with positive titles or abstracts were tweeted more frequently than those with non-positive titles or abstracts.MethodsCOVID-19 related articles published between January 1stand April 14th, 2020 were extracted from the LitCovid database and all articles were screened for eligibility. Titles and abstracts were classified using a list of positive and negative words from a previous study. A negative binomial regression analysis controlling for confounding variables (2018 impact factor, open access status, continent of the corresponding author, and topic) was performed to obtain regression coefficients, with the p values obtained by likelihood ratio testing.ResultsA total of 3752 COVID-19 articles were included. Of the included studies, 44 titles and 112 abstracts were positive; 1 title and 7 abstracts were negative; and 3707 titles and 627 abstracts were neutral. Articles with positive titles had a lower tweet rate relative to articles with non-positive titles, with a regression coefficient of -1.10 (P < .001), while the positivity of the abstract did not impact tweet rate (P = .2218).ConclusionCOVID-19 articles with non-positive titles are preferentially tweeted, while abstract positivity does not influence tweet rate.
Coordination games in cancer
Authors: Bayer Péter , Gatenby Robert A. , McDonald Patricia H. , Duckett Derek R. , Staňková Kateřina , Brown Joel S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe propose a model of cancer initiation and progression where tumor growth is modulated by an evolutionary coordination game. Evolutionary games of cancer are widely used to model frequency-dependent cell interactions with the most studied games being the Prisoner’s Dilemma and public goods games. Coordination games, by their more obscure and less evocative nature, are left understudied, despite the fact that, as we argue, they offer great potential in understanding and treating cancer. In this paper we present the conditions under which coordination games between cancer cells evolve, we propose aspects of cancer that can be modeled as results of coordination games, and explore the ways through which coordination games of cancer can be exploited for therapy.