bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auswirkungen der Pflege eines Partners auf Partnerschaft und Sexualität
Authors: Karrasch Ralph-Michael , Reichert Monika 
Published: March 2021

This study shows that caregiving for a spouse with a chronic disease or disability can be a difficult task in many ways and can have a negative impact (e.g. lack of intimacity, sexual problems) on the quality of the relationship between the couple. With regard to sexual problems, for example, insufficient ways to handle sexual dysfunction of the (male) partner, the avoidance of talking about sexuality, a misleading perception of each other’s sexual needs and jealousy can be experienced as especially burdensome. As a consequence, very often caregivers and care receivers report a lower marital satisfaction compared to the time before the caregiving situation set in. In order to reduce the negative impact caregiving may have on the partnership, changes in everyday life and in the relationship have to be accepted and, adequate coping strategies have to be used or learned, respectively (e.g. improvement of verbal communication skills).
Zusammenfassung:
Diese Studie zeigt, dass die Pflege eines Partners mit chronischer Erkrankung oder Einschränkung in vielerlei Hinsicht eine schwierige Aufgabe darstellt und negative Auswirkungen – wie einen Mangel an Zärtlichkeit oder sexuelle Probleme – auf die Partnerschaftsqualität haben kann. In Hinblick auf sexuelle Probleme können unzureichende Wege mit sexueller Dysfunktion des (männlichen) Partners umzugehen, das Vermeiden von Gesprächen über Sexualität, eine irreführende Wahrnehmung der gegenseitigen sexuellen Bedürfnisse und Eifersucht als besonders belastend erlebt werden. Als Folge berichten Pflegende und Gepflegte über eine geringere Zufriedenheit mit der Partnerschaft als in der Zeit, bevor die Pflegesituation auftrat. Um die möglichen negativen Auswirkungen einer Pflegesituation auf die Partnerschaft zu verringern, müssen Veränderungen im alltäglichen Leben und in der Partnerschaft besser angenommen und adäquate Bewältigungsstrategien wie z.B. eine Verbesserung der verbalen Kommunikation genutzt bzw. erlernt werden.
„Ich und meine Familie“ – Reflexionen von Scheidungskindern über ihre Familie
Authors: Krause Christina , Klopp Verena 
Published: March 2021

For children, the divorce of their parents constitutes a critical life event exposing them to various stressful situations and requires them to reorganize and restructure their concept of the family. This study aims at gathering information on the children’s perspective on the reorganized relationships within the family. In the context of the study „I am who I am – Health promotion through reinforcement of self-esteem”, children from elementary schools have been asked to draw pictures of their families. The depictions made by children of divorced parents differ significantly from those made by children who did not experience their parents’ divorce. A closer inspection of the group consisting of children of divorced parents shows that boys have greater difficulties than girls to adapt to the new family situation. The depictions made by children of divorced parents are heterogeneous, there is no proof of a typical after-divorce situation.
Zusammenfassung
Eine elterliche Trennung ist für Kinder ein kritisches Lebensereignis, das sie vielfältigen Belastungen aussetzt und von ihnen eine Reorganisation und Umstrukturierung des Familienkonzepts erfordert. Das Ziel der Untersuchung bestand darin, die kindliche Perspektive gegenüber den neu organisierten Familienbeziehungen zu erfassen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Ich bin ich – Gesundheit fördern durch Selbstwertstärkung” wurden von Grundschulkindern Familienbilder angefertigt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse vorgestellt. Die Darstellungen der Scheidungskinder unterscheiden sich deutlich von den Darstellungen der Kinder, die die Erfahrung von Scheidung nicht gemacht haben. Die nähere Betrachtung der Gruppe der Scheidungskinder zeigt, dass Jungen mehr Anpassungsschwierigkeiten an die neue Familiensituation haben als Mädchen. Die Darstellungen der Scheidungskinder sind sehr heterogen, die typische Nachscheidungssituation kann nicht festgestellt werden.
Karl Mannheims „Problem der Generationen“ – 80 Jahre danach
Authors: Becker Henk A. 
Published: March 2021

Since the publication of Mannheim’s two part article on “The Problem of Generations“ in 1928 and 1929 social change has made it necessary to elaborate on his concept of generations. Cohort generations and typological generations have to distinguished, because since 1957 stereotypes of generations have been institutionalized in society at large. Also, a distinction between general, partial and specific generations has to be made. In contemporary sociological research on generations many methods from epidemiological research can be applied, in particular probability models. Data warehouses contribute to the opportunities for generational research. The demarcation of the formative period in the life course has to be based not only on sociological but also on psychological and biological criteria. Research on religion and on the family can benefit from advantages provided by research on generations.
Zusammenfassung
Mannheims Generationenbegriff aus seinem 1928 und 1929 erschienen zweiteiligen Artikel über „Das Problem der Generationen“ muss in der Gegenwart teilweise überarbeitet werden. Mannheims Unterscheidung zwischen Kohortengenerationen und Typologiegenerationen muss neu ausgearbeitet werden, da seit 1957 Stereotype von Generationen allgemein verbreitet wurden. Auch eine Differenzierung zwischen allgemeinen, partiellen und spezifischen Generationen ist notwendig geworden. Die gegenwärtige soziologische Generationenforschung kann häufig Methoden der Epidemiologieforschung anwenden, wie beispielsweise die Verwendung von Zufallsmodellen. Datenarchive erweitern die Möglichkeiten der Generationsforschung. Die Formativperiode im Lebenslauf ist nicht nur soziologisch, sondern auch biologisch und psychologisch abgegrenzt. Religionsforschung und Familienforschung können von der Generationenforschung profitieren.
Müttererwerbstätigkeit in Ost- und Westdeutschland
Authors: Kreyenfeld Michaela , Geisler Esther 
Published: March 2021

This article provides an overview on the labor force behavior of women with children in East and West Germany using data from the German Microcensus of the years 1991, 1996 and 2002. Besides the question of an East-West-convergence of behavior, we investigate educational differences in mothers’ employment behavior.
Zusammenfassung
Auf Basis der Daten des Mikrozensus aus den Jahren 1991, 1996 und 2002 gibt dieser Artikel einen Überblick über das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen mit Kindern in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Neben der Frage der Ost-West-Angleichung stehen bildungsspezifische Unterschiede im Erwerbsverhalten im Vordergrund der Analyse.
Der Kinderwunsch von Kinderlosen
Authors: Ruckdeschel Kerstin 
Published: March 2021

Using data of the German Population Policy Acceptance Study (PPAS) 2003, we analyse fertility intentions of childless individuals and their motives against having a first child. We find individual value orientations as a main cause for differences between childless individuals with fertility intentions and those without. Additionally there are fundamental differences between the new and the old German Länder in what concerns the dimension and the structure of fertility intentions as well as motives against having own children.
Zusammenfassung
Mit den Daten der deutschen Population Policy Acceptance Study (PPAS) von 2003 wird der Kinderwunsch von Kinderlosen, sowie mögliche Gründe gegen eigene Kinder untersucht. Dabei stellen vor allem individuelle Werthaltungen ein entscheidendes Differenzierungskriterium zwischen Kinderlosen mit und ohne Kinderwunsch dar. Zudem bestehen zwischen den alten und den neuen Bundesländern grundsätzliche Unterschiede, sowohl was das Ausmaß und die Struktur des Kinderwunsches betrifft, als auch die Gründe gegen eine eigene Elternschaft.
„Für Politik relevant“ bedeutet mehr als nur „Forschung mit Anwendungsbezug“ – Kommentar zu Guy Bodenmann
Authors: Silbereisen Rainer K. 
Published: March 2021

In this commentary on Bodenmann’s paper, I try to exemplify that in order to be relevant to the formulation of social policies, researchers need to offer more than correlative evidence on potential family antecedents of children’s behaviour that are deemed problematic for the development of competence. Rather, a clear cause-effect relation has to be established via adequate design. Moreover, policy makers need information on the malleability of the antecedent condition, such as parental sensitivity mentioned by Bodenmann, knowledge about potential thresholds for effective intervention, cost-effect estimates, and insights into potential side effects and alternative solutions to the targets and measures originally suggested.
Zusammenfassung
Der Kommentar zu Bodenmanns Beitrag versucht an Beispielen zu zeigen, dass es mehr als korrelativer Evidenz zum Zusammenhang von familiären Risikobedingungen und problematischen kindlichen Verhaltensweisen bedarf, wenn man als Forscher politische Entscheidungen zur Planung von Interventionen beeinflussen will. Zuvorderst muss eine klare Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehung mit geeigneten Designs belegt werden. Weiterhin sind Informationen über die Veränderbarkeit der Risikobedingung, etwa die von Bodenmann angeführte elterliche Sensitivität erforderlich, man benötigt Kenntnisse zu möglichen Schwelleneffekten mit Blick auf das Problemverhalten, Abschätzungen der Kostenwürdigkeit, sowie Einsichten in mögliche Nebeneffekte der Intervention und alternativer Ziele und Maßnahmen.
Impact of the new digital competitors on Swiss banking business models
Authors: Atca Gorgun Ozenc , Wolfs Bert 
Published: March 2021

This study examines the impact of new digital-only competitors on the Swiss banking business models and value chain. Despite various studies and articles available in the literature about the impact of new digital competitors on the banking industry, there is little research focusing on the Swiss market. The comprehensive research conducted in this study and the data collected through the survey provides a foundation to gauge the impact of the new digital competitors’ pressure on business models and value chain in the Swiss banking industry. The design of the research instrument employed for collecting the primary data has been achieved through a survey shared with 75 managers and experts working in the Swiss banking industry including Swiss banks, FinTechs, BigTechs, and other financial services and consultancy firms. One sample z-test and descriptive statistics have been applied to the survey results to gain a deeper understanding. The outcome of the analysis suggests that the competitive pressure of BigTechs and FinTechs is expected to have a significant impact on the Swiss banking industry, and mainly BigTechs are anticipated to be significantly dominant with disruptive impact. The obtained results also strongly indicate that the cross-industry ecosystems and close partnerships with the new digital competitors are the potential key strategies to be pursued as the future Swiss banking business models. Besides, the disruptive new market entrants are anticipated to be highly likely to gain significant market share in certain market segments of the banking industry and also to create an “ecosystem” accordingly. The area of Personal and Corporate Banking is found out to be more vulnerable to digital disruption in comparison with the other banking areas.
Evaluating effect of organizational culture on strategy implementation in private chartered universities in Kenya
Authors: Nderitu Joyce Wanjiku , Waiganjo Esther , Orwa George O. 
Published: March 2021

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of organizational culture on strategy implementation in Private chartered universities in Kenya. The objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of hierarchy culture on the strategy implementation in Private chartered universities in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and it used both quantitative and qualitative data as it seeks the effect of organizational culture on the implementation of corporate strategy. The accessible population included University and students’ leaders. This study used both stratified random sampling and the target sample size was 194 employees. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to describe the relationships between dependent and independent variables. The study used correlation and regression techniques as well as the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the study hypotheses. A multiple linear regression model was also used to derive inferential statistical indicators like the correlation, coefficient of determination, F-statistics, t-test statistic, and the p-value. In this research Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to test for the existence of multicollinearity. Normality testing was done to compare the cumulative distribution of the data. Factor analysis was also carried out on all items in each variable in order to reduce the measurable and observable variables. The key finding based on the tests conducted in the study was that the variable: Hierarchy culture had an effect on the dependent variable: Strategy implementation. The p-value published showed that there was a positive effect of hierarchy culture on strategy implementation in Private chartered universities in Kenya
Acid-base balance in acute ethylene glycol poisoning in rats treated with fomepizole
Authors: Przystanowicz Jędrzej , Zielińska-Psuja Barbara , Kowalówka-Zawieja Joanna , Sommerfeld Karina 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Ethylene glycol (EG) is relatively nontoxic but undergoes a multi-step oxidation to toxic metabolites, aldehydes and acids. The accumulation of organic acids, mainly glycolates, leads to the development of profound, life-threatening metabolic acidosis. A key therapy is an antidotal treatment with fomepizole (4-MP), the inhibitor of the first step of EG biotransformation enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase.Aim. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of fomepizole in the prevention of acid-base balance disorders in acute ethylene glycol poisonings in rats.Material and methods. Adult male Wistar rats were given EG (p.o.) with single (i.p.) or multiple (p.o.) doses of 4-MP (EG 3830 and 5745 mg/kg, respectively, 4-MP in single dose of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 hours). Blood gas analysis was performed and blood pH, bicarbonate concentration and base excess were evaluated.Results and conclusions. The single dose of 4-MP was effective in preventing a decrease in blood pH, bicarbonate concentration and base excess during the entire experimental period (pH 7.35 vs 7.21 at hour 12, bicarbonate concentration 27.2 vs 18.3 mmol/dm3 at hour 8, base excess 1.8 vs -8.2 mmol/dm3 at hour 18). The multiple administration of 4-MP started 2 hours after EG poisoning resulted in rapid restoration of proper values of acid- -base balance parameters. Fomepizole is highly efficacious in restraining the acid-base balance disorders which are concomitant with acute ethylene glycol poisonings.
Immunocytochemical indicators of apoptosis in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Kasprzak Aldona , Hausmann Miłosz , Małkowska-Lanzafame Agata , Surdyk-Zasada Joanna , Przybyszewska Wiesława , Siodła Elżbieta , Surdacka Anna 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Inflammatory mechanisms of chronic periodontitis (CP) may be linked to various forms of disturbances in apoptosis.Aim. The study aimed at comparison of tissue expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic proteins (p53, caspase-3) in gingival tissues of 30 patients with CP and of 15 with healthy periodontium.Material and methods. Gingival samples (n = 68) were obtained during the open curettage procedure with gingivectomy of adult patients (18 women and 12 men) with CP. Classical immunocytochemical (IHC) method was used to detect apoptotic proteins, and the obtained expression was evaluated using semi-quantitative IRS scale.Results. No differences could be revealed in expression intensity or reciprocal correlations between apoptotic proteins within the group of patients with CP. Greater expression of the two apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and p53) were detected in patients with CP than in control individuals. Moreover, a more pronounced expression of Bcl-2 was demonstrated in gingival samples of patients with localised form as compared to generalised form of CP. Expression of caspase-3 (effector phase of apoptosis) manifested no differences between CP and control individuals. Greater expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was detected in cells of inflammatory infiltrates in lamina propria than in keratinocytes.Conclusions. In CP significant alterations developed in expression of indicators of apoptosis, with prevalence of Bcl-2 and p53 expression, as compared to the control. The localised form of CP was linked to higher proportion of Bcl-2-positive cells of inflammatory infiltrates, suggesting that apoptosis was inhibited mainly in this form of CP. The comparable expression of caspase-3 in gingival cells with CP and in control and absence of correlation with clinical data suggested that the process of apoptosis did not play a significant role in destruction of periodontium tissues in CP.
Sympathetic Nervous System activity – a new concept of the complicated etiology of low back pain radiates distally at the extremities
Authors: Skorupska Elżbieta , Atarowska Magdalena , Samborski Włodzimierz 
Published: March 2021

Varied and complicated etiology of low back pain radiates distally at the extremities is still causing disagreement and controversies around the issue of its diagnosis and treatment. New research data demonstrated that almost one in five persons with back pain experience symptoms indicative of neuropathic pain component. The neuropathic involvement is not completely understood, and different mechanisms are thought to play important role. A combination of nociceptive and neuropathic pain-generating mechanism is thought to be involved, which established the term mixed pain syndrome. In the pathomechanism of neuropathic pain the lesion, trauma or overloading of the disc is thought to be a primary source of the neuropathic pain but the concept of neuropathic component of pain is more probable for chronic stage than acute. Assessment of neuropathic pain involves a systematic approach which includes a series steps; past and present history, detailed description of pain distribution, quality, pain intensity and neurological examination with emphasis on sensory testing. The sensory examinations need often to be supply neurophysiological testing and quantitate sensory testing. Some groups of the drugs are thought to be useful e.g. tricyclic antidepressant, sodium channel blockers (e.g. carbamazepine), gabapentin, opioids, NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor blockers and others for neuropathic pain treatment. The use of specific kind of the drugs depends on the symptoms and examinations findings.
The influence of age and dosage on the pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in rabbits
Authors: Bienert Agnieszka , Płotek Włodzimierz , Wiczling Paweł , Warzybok Justyna , Borowska Katarzyna , Buda Katarzyna , Kulińska Karolina , Billert Hanna , Kaliszan Roman , Grześkowiak Edmund 
Published: March 2021

Aim. This study aimed to examine the influence of maturation and dosage on the sedative and haemodynamic response observed in rabbits after the administration of dexmedetomidine. Material and methods. The pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine was studied on 14 healthy New Zealand white rabbits at three periods of maturation; stage 1–1.5 months old, stage 2–2.5 months old and stage 3–6.5 months old ones. The administered dose of dexmedetomidine ranged from 25 µg/kg to 300 µg/kg of body weight. The pedal withdrawal reflex was used to measure the duration of anaesthesia. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured at the third stage of the study to evaluate the haemodynamic response. A simple pharmacodynamic relationship between the dose and the duration of anesthesia was used to describe the data.Results. We observed that young rabbits were less sensitive to dexmedetomidine than adult animals, as was reflected by the pedal withdrawal reflex, and we found that the haemodynamic response to dexmedetomidine depended on dosage of the drug. Dexmedetomidine decreased the mean blood pressure in a dosage-dependent manner with the highest decrease observed for the lowest dose. As the dose increased, the hypotensive effect of the drug was less noticeable. After the administration of dexmedetomidine the heart rate decreased to the same value regardless of the dose applied.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease and eating behavior in group of women and men aged 20 to 30 years
Authors: Dobrzyńska Małgorzata , Przysławski Juliusz 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Proper nutrition and the use of preemptive care can prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, which are the main cause of death in the world. Aim. The aims of this study were to evaluate the nutritional habits, nutritional status, assessment of knowledge and use of nutritional prevention among group of women and men aged 20 to 30 years, living in Wielkopolska in the aspect of CVD risk.Material and methods. In this study the method of 24-hour dietary recall to evaluate nutrition intake was used. To determine the nutritional status the anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist) were taken, and BMI values were calculated. Assessment of knowledge and use of nutritional prevention in cardiovascular disease was performed by a questionnaire. The atherogenicity of the diets was evaluated using Keys score.Results. The analysis of daily food rations showed differences between dietary guidelines and respondent diets, mainly in protein, fat, saturated fat and cholesterol intake. Tested prevention factors were well known in both groups. The exception involved the reduction of sodium intake in the diet. The use of preventive factors in daily routine differentiated treatment in groups. In the studied group men often exercised regularly, while women often limited intake of animal fats, cholesterol and simple sugars.Conclusion. Inadequate nutrition (mainly incorrect saturated fatty acids (SFA), cholesterol and dietary fiber intake) and insufficient prevention care in the studied group may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future.