bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentrations and Radiation Hazard Indices of Naturally Radioactive Materials for Flour Samples in Baghdad Markets
Authors: Kaddoori Farah Faris , Hameed Ban Sabah , Fzaa Wijdan Thamer 
Published: February 2021

In the present work, Uranium (238U), Thorium (232Th) and Potassium (40K) specific activity concentration in (Bq/kg) was measured in five different types for wheat flours that are available in the Iraqi markets. The gamma spectrometry method with an NaI (Tl) detector has been used for radiometric measurements. Calculations of radium equivalent activity, annual effective dose equivalent, external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), representing gamma index and gamma dose rate in all flour samples were 17.98132 Bq/kg, 0.0100334, 0.04502, 0.04857, 0.06872, 0.125883 and 8.181244 respectively. It is found that the average of specific activity concentration of wheat flour samples for 238U, 232Th and 40K are 7.4564 Bq / kg, 6.27962 Bq / kg and 20.0658 Bq / kg respectively. This study proves that the natural radioactivity and radiation hazard indices were lower than the safe.
Measurements of hazard indices show that the concentrations of these isotopes in all samples are within the allowable limits internationally.
The Radium Equivalent Activity, Annual Effective Dose Equivalent, External hazard index (Hex), Internal hazard index (Hin), represented Gamma Index and Gamma Dose Rate are also calculated. All data were measured at the March of 2019.
Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy with and without hyperthermia in retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal sarcomas: Feasibility, efficacy, toxicity and long-term outcome
Authors: Willner Alexander , Fechner Katja , Agaimy Abbas , Haller Florian , Eckstein Markus , Ott Oliver , Putz Florian , Gaipl Udo , Kersting Stephan , Meidenbauer Norbert , Grützmann Robert , Fietkau Rainer , Semrau Sabine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Retroperitoneal (RPS) and intra-abdominal sarcomas (IAS) are associated with poor local and abdominal tumor control. Yet, the benefit of preoperative radio- or chemotherapy alone for these entities currently is unclear. Moreover, as intermediate- and high-grade sarcomas have a tendency for early metastasis, exploration of neoadjuvant strategies is of high importance. This analysis reports the results of our 20-year single-institution experience with preoperative neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation.Methods From 2000-2019, 27 patients with intermediate- or high-grade RPS or IAS (12 dedifferentiated liposarcoma, 10 leiomyosarcoma, 5 others) were treated with radiotherapy (median dose: 50.4 Gy; range 45-75 Gy) and two cycles of chemotherapy (doxorubicin 50mg/m² BSA/d3 q28 and ifosfamide 1.5g/m2 BSA/d1-5 q28) in neoadjuvant intention. Chemotherapy consisted of doxorubicin alone in two cases and ifosfamide alone in one case. Fifteen patients (56%) received deep regional hyperthermia additionally.Results The median follow-up time was 53 months (± 56.7 months). 92% of patients received two cycles of chemotherapy as planned and 92% underwent surgery. At 5 and 10 years, abdominal-recurrence-free-survival was 74.6% (± 10.1%) and 66.3% (± 11.9%), distant-metastasis-free-survival was 67.2% (± 9.7%) and 59.7% (± 11.1%), and overall-survival was 60.3% (± 10.5%) and 60.3% (± 10.5%), respectively. CTC grade III and IV toxicities were leukocytopenia (85%), thrombocytopenia (33%) and anemia (11%). There were no treatment-related deaths.Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with and without hyperthermia for retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal sarcoma is feasible and provided high local control of intermediate - and high-grade sarcoma.
Effect of silica content on mechanical and microstructure behaviour of resistance spot welded advanced automotive TRIP steels
Authors: V Paranthaman , K Shanmuga Sundaram , Natrayan L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research investigates the effect of SiC wt% on mechanical and microstructure behavior of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) 780 steels by resistance spot welding. The resistance spot welded samples were characterized for their properties such as hardness, tensile shear, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, ductility ratio and elongation. Results showed that the width of the nugget was closely associated with shear failure of the spot welds. X-ray diffraction analysis illustrated that the weld steels chemical composition improved in the heat-affected zones and retained austenite detected due to the influence of Si and C. Sample 4 microstructure exposed the equiaxed dimple and finer dendrites in the fusion zone. It also exhibited maximum force and fracture energy. Nano hardness was significantly decreased in the fusion zone of sample 4 due to the interface among micro alloying elements and the formation of nonmetallic presences that affected the TRIP steel hardness. Low ductility ratios were observed in steel 4 than the other weld steels due to higher tensile shear strength (TSS) and cross-tension strength (CTS) results. Fracture analysis exhibited ductile fracture with dimples and dendrites in the TRIP steels surface. The spot-welded samples mechanical properties are correlated to chemical elements, mainly Si existing in casted TRIP steels through the cooling phase of the resistance spot welding process.
DFT Comparative Study of the Formamide and Fluoro-FormamideTautomers and Their Corresponding Transition States
Authors: Al-Msiedeen Ashraf Mansour 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seventeen tautomers of formamide [NH3CO] and thirty one tautomers of fluoro-formamide [NH2FCO] were examined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Five methods of DFT (B3LYP/ 6-311++G, B3LYP/ 6-311++G(2df,2p), B3LYP/cc-pVTZ, wB97X-D/6-311++G(2df,2p) and wB97X-D/ cc-pVTZ) were used to calculate the energies and optimized geometries of formamide tautomers. B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method was determined as the best method and used to calculate relative energies, optimized geometries, mulliken charge distributions, Gibbs free energies and enthalpy of formations of all proposed fluoro-formamide/fluoro-formamidic acid tautomers. Ten transition states of formamide tautomers and nineteen transition states of fluoro-formamide tautomers were determined by vibrational frequency calculations (they have an imaginary value of frequency). Using B3LYP/cc-PVTZ, the relatively small energies of formamide (A1) and formamidic acid (A6) (-446246 and -446193kJ.mol -1 , respectively) participate to it being more stable than other formamide/formamidic acid tautomers, as well as for fluoro-formamide (C1) (-706947 kJ.mol -1 ) and fluoro-formamidic acid (C3) (-706855 kJ.mol -1 ). The stability of fluoro-formamide at carbonyl and at nitrogen was discussed using two thermodynamic calculations: Enthalpy of formation [∆H(298)] and Gibbs free energy (∆G) values, positive ∆G values (59 to 114 kJ mol-1) for fluoro-formamidetautomerism confirms the stability of fluoro-formamide at carbonyl.
Modified Morris-Lecar neuron model: Effects of very low frequency electric fields and of magnetic fields on the local and network dynamics of an excitable media
Authors: Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Moroz Irene , Ramakrishnan Balamurali , Karthikeyan Anitha , Duraisamy Prakash 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Morris-Lecar neuron model is considered with Electric and Magnetic field effects where the electric field is a time varying sinusoid and magnetic field is simulated using an exponential flux memristor. We have shown that the exposure to electric and magnetic fields have significant effects on the neurons and have exhibited complex oscillations. The neurons exhibit a frequency-locked state for the periodic electric field and different ratios of frequency locked states with respect to the electric field frequency is also presented. To show the impact of the electric and magnetic fields on network of neurons, we have constructed different types of network and have shown the network wave propagation phenomenon. Interestingly the nodes exposed to both electric and magnetic fields exhibit more stable spiral waves compared to the nodes exhibited only to the magnetic fields. Also, when the number of layers are increased the range of electric field frequency for which the layers exhibit spiral waves also increase. Finally the noise effects on the field affected neuron network are discussed and multilayer networks supress spiral waves for a very low noise variance compared against the single layer network.
Hygrophorus russula complex (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) in China
Authors: Huang Hong-Yan , Zhang Wen-Hao , Huang Ting , Gabriel Moreno , Liu Tie-Zhi , Tang Li-Ping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Chinese species complex of Hygrophorus russula in subsection Clitocyboides has been studied. Three new species, H. orientalis, H. qinggangjun and H. yunnanensis were proposed, based on morphology, molecular systematics and chemical reactions. Hygrophorus qinggangjun and H. yunnanensis occur at high elevations of Yunnan China; H. orientalis is widely distributed in East Asia and occurs at low elevations. At present, seven taxa have been revealed in the H. russula species complex; a key to these species is provided.
Affective disturbances in individuals with methylphenidate use disorder at abstinence
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhang Yi , Sun Pei , Yuan Ti-Fei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Methylphenidate, mainly sold under the trade name Ritalin, is used to clinically treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There has been an increase in the prevalence of the nonmedical use of methylphenidate among adolescents in the past 30 years.
Methods

Here, we retrospectively analyzed a clinical dataset of 61 individuals with methylphenidate use disorder who were admitted to a drug rehabilitation program at Beijing Gaoxin Hospital from January 2017 to March 2019.
Results

The results showed that the majority of individuals with methylphenidate use disorder were adolescents, and the onset of drug use was mainly driven by academic purposes. The abstinence period was accompanied by severe anxiety and depression symptoms in these subjects, and these symptoms were significantly alleviated following four weeks of treatment. In addition, high levels of social support is associated with better affective states.
Conclusion

To sum up, methylphenidate use disorder individuals are associated with mood disturbances at abstinence, which might be implicated in clinical management strategies.
Low-Cost Sensor Outlier Detection Framework For on-Line Monitoring of Particle&nbsp;Pollutants in Multiple Scenarios
Authors: Xu Yinyue , Long Zhengwei , Pan Wuxuan , Wang Yukun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Monitoring the concentration of particle pollutants is very important for industrial production control and workers' health protection. Low-cost sensors are widely used to reduce deployment costs. The outliers in the observed data of pollutant concentration can be eliminated by outlier detection algorithms. However, it is difficult to meet the actual needs of changing working conditions or scene migration in factories by building a single algorithm for specific scenarios. It is a feasible scheme to identify the changing characteristics of data and adaptively adjust the outlier detection algorithm. From the point of view of data characteristics, we creatively match typical data types with high performance algorithms. The framework proposed in this paper provides a general process including five basic tasks, and uses a modular structure to complete the outlier detection target. The actual pollutant data of the workshops are used to evaluate the performance of our framework. At last, we compare eight different strategies under this framework, and analyze the contribution of each step to outlier detection from the perspective of algorithm principle. The results show that low-cost sensors following the framework can meet the outlier detection requirements in the field of pollutant monitoring, thus greatly reducing the cost of algorithm selection and data adaptation.
PbLAC4-like, activated by PbMYB26, related to the degradation of anthocyanin during color fading in pear
Authors: Zhao Guangping , Xiang Fangxin , Zhang Shichao , Song Junxing , Li Xieyu , Song Linyan , Zhai Rui , Yang Chengquan , Wang Zhigang , Ma Fengwang , Xu Lingfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Anthocyanin degradation results in the loss of red color in leaves, petals and receptacles during development. But the degradation mechanism is not fully investigated. It is vital to study the degradation mechanism of anthocyanin in pear for promoting the accumulation of anthocyanin and inhibiting the red fading in pear.
Results

Here, we reported that laccase encoded by PbLAC4-like was associated with anthocyanin degradation in pear. The expression pattern of PbLAC4-like was negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanin during the color fading process of pear leaves, petals and receptacles. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment revealed that PbLAC4-like played a vital role in anthocyanin degradation. Thus, the degradation of anthocyanin induced by PbLAC4-like was further verified by transient assays and prokaryotic expression. More than 80% of anthocyanin compounds were degraded by transiently over-expressed PbLAC4-like in pear fruitlet peel. The activity of crude enzyme to degrade anthocyanin in leaves at different stages was basically consistent with the expression of PbLAC4-like. The anthocyanin degradation ability of prokaryotic induced PbLAC4-like protein was also verified by enzyme activity assay. Besides, we also identified PbMYB26 as a positive regulator of PbLAC4-like. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assay results showed that PbMYB26 activated PbLAC4-like expression by directly binding to the PbLAC4-like promoter.
Conclusions

Taken together, the PbLAC4-like activated by PbMYB26, was involved in the degradation of anthocyanin, resulting in the redness fading in different pear tissues.
A practical fabrication strategy for wire arc additive manufacturing of metallic parts with wire structures
Authors: Yu Ziping , Pan Zengxi , Ding Donghong , Polden Joseph , Yuan Lei , He Fengyang , Li Huijun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is well suited for the manufacture of sizeable metallic workpieces featuring medium-to-high geometrical complexity due to its high deposition rate, low processing conditions limit, and environmental friendliness. To enhance the current capability of the WAAM process for fabricating structures with complex geometry, this paper proposes a robot-based WAAM strategy adapted specifically for fabricating free-form parts with wire structures composed of multiple struts. Contributions in this work include: (i) The study of bead modelling, which establishes optimal welding parameter selection for the process; (ii) The novel manufacturing strategy, including the adaptive slicing methodology and height control system for accurately depositing every single strut; (iii) Detailed manufacturing procedures for multi-strut branch intersections as well as the collision-free path planning to control the overall fabrication process. To verify the effectiveness of this proposed WAAM approach, two complex wire structures were fabricated successfully, indicating the feasibility of the proposed fabrication strategy.
The effect of prophylactic chemotherapy on treatment outcome of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Ye Yaqiong , Cheng Xiaodong , Lu Weiguo , Xie Xing , Wang Xinyu , Li Xiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Prophylactic chemotherapy (P-chem) was considered as an effective method to prevent malignant transformation of high-risk HM. However, P-chem might increase the risk of subsequent drug resistance and delay the time to diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether P-chem increased the drug resistance rate of postmolar GTN and whether the first-line chemotherapy of low-risk GTN after P-chem should be different from P-chem.Methods: Postmolar GTN were divided into P-Chem group and control group, according to whether they received P-Chem. The control group and P-Chem group were matched according to age, high-risk/low-risk GTN. Postmolar GTN patients without P-chem were randomly selected as the control group at 3:1. The clinical parameters of these patients were collected and compared.Results: Totally 455 low-risk and 32 high-risk postmolar GTN patients were treated at our hospital between 2008.01.01 and 2017.12.31. WHO risk score, chemotherapy cycles to achieve hCG normalization and resistant rate were similar between P-chem (27 cases) and control (81 cases) group, no matter in low-risk or high-risk GTN. Among low-risk GTN patients, interval from hydatidiform mole to GTN was significantly longer in P-chem group than control (44 vs 69 days, P=0.001). Total chemotherapy cycles and resistant rate were similar between low-risk GTN treated with same agent as P-chem (group A) and alternative agent (group B). But group A needed more chemotherapy cycles to achieve hCG normalization than group B, no matter in all 24 GTN received P-chem (4.4 vs 2.8, p=0.024) or in 22 GTN received methotrexate as P-chem (3 vs 2, p=0.004).Conclusions: P-chem delayed the time to GTN diagnosis, but didn’t increase risk score or lead to drug resistance of postmolar GTN. Alternative agent different from P-chem had the potential of increasing chemotherapy response in low- risk postmolar GTN.
Prosthetic complications of fixed dental prostheses supported by locking-taper implants: A retrospective study with a mean follow-up of 5 years.
Authors: Gao Wen Mo , Geng Wei , Luo Chen Chen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Restoration with locking-taper implants is a widely used methodology. However, relatively few have examined conical connection systems like locking-taper implant systems. This study provides a retrospective study of locking-taper fixed restorations, mainly focused on prosthetic complications.Methods: All patients who underwent conical connected implants from 2008–2010 were examined. Preparation of the implant sites was performed according to the standard procedures for the Bicon system. The bone healing took over 6 months, and the prosthetic procedure was initiated thereafter. Integrated abutment crowns or gold porcelain crowns were used, and the prosthesis type was a single crown or a fixed dental prosthesis. Once the crown was in place, its occlusion was thoroughly checked and adjusted, and then the crown was glazed or finely polished. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative complication-free rates for 5 and 10 years. Additionally, a Cox regression model was used to identify the factors that independently influenced the results. Implant survival and marginal bone loss were also investigated.Results: A total of 392 patients who underwent 541 implants and 434 locking taper implant-based restorations from 2008–2010 were examined. The overall 5-year cumulative complication-free rate was 83.34%. The most common prosthetic complication was veneer chipping, with a frequency of 67.53%. According to the Cox regression model, the complication-free rate of integrated abutment crowns was significantly higher than gold porcelain crowns, molar regions was significantly higher than premolar regions, and females was significantly higher than males. Only three implant failures happened, and a mean marginal bone loss at 1- year, 5-year and 10- year was 0.25mm（95%CI：±0.12）, 0.40mm （95%CI：±0.03）and 0.51mm（95%CI：±0.05）, respectively.Conclusion: Veneer chipping was the most common complication with locking-taper implants supported fixed restorations. According to the result of Cox regression model, gold porcelain crowns are a protective factor relative to integrated abutment crowns, male sex is a protective factor relative to female sex, and premolar prosthetics are a protective factor relative to molar prosthetics. The long-term clinical effect of locking-taper implant is stable, and the implant success rate can meet the clinical needs. The bone tissue level around the implant can maintain long-term stability.
China’s Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Balance During The 20th Century: An Analysis With A Process-Based Biogeochemistry Model
Authors: Lu Yanyu , Huang Yao , Zhuang Qianlai , Sun Wei , Chen Shutao , Lu Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
China’s terrestrial ecosystems play a pronounced role in the global carbon cycle. Here we combine spatially-explicit information on vegetation, soil, topography, climate and land use change with a process-based biogeochemistry model to quantify the responses of terrestrial carbon cycle in China during the 20th century. We find that that the regional soil thermal and moisture regimes have dramatically changed. Specifically, evapotranspiration increased due to rising temperature and soils were drying in the last two decades of the 20th century. At a century scale, China’s terrestrial ecosystems have acted as a carbon sink averaging at 0.09 Pg C yr-1, with large inter-annual and decadal variabilities. The regional sink has been enhanced due to the rising temperature and CO2 concentration, with a slight increase trend in carbon sink strength along with the enhanced net primary production in the century. Meanwhile, the heterotrophic respiration increased in response to warming. The spatial and temporal variabilities of carbon balance in China are due to multiple controlling factors including temperature and precipitation and changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Land-use changes including reforestation and afforestation during the late 20th century partially contributed to the increase in carbon sink at the national scale.
In&nbsp;Silico, in&nbsp;Vitro and in&nbsp;Vivo Investigation of a Newly Synthesized&nbsp;Ionic Compound As Anti-Alzheimer&nbsp;Multi-Target&nbsp;Dual AChE/BuChE Inhibitor Possessing Neuro-Protective Effects Against Aβ Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells and Alzheimer Rat Model
Authors: Karami Hosna , soltani somaieh , Wolber Gerhard , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Nikbakht Roghaye , Farrokhi Hanieh , Narimani Farzaneh , Teimuri-Mofrad reza , Rashidi Mohammad-Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.