bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actions during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect the most vulnerable population: what is the potency amid chaos?
Authors: Oliveira Monique , Braga Maria Fernanda , Bueno Alessandra , de Sousa Douglas Pereira , Pigozi Pamela Lamarca , Moryia Rubens , Akerman Marco 
Published: July 2021

Summary
By 30 May 2021, Brazil had 16 471 600 COVID-19 cases and 461 142 deaths, ranking second in the world in number of deaths and third in number of cases. Preliminary research results in Brazil and around the world show the impact of COVID-19 on more vulnerable communities. However, despite the adverse circumstances of their territories, leaders have mobilized to face the challenges. Between April and June 2020, the authors of this article interviewed informants in eight Brazilian state capitals, addressing the five points of discussion (intersectoriality, sustainability, empowerment and public participation, equity and the life cycle perspective) recently presented by EUPHA-HP, IUHPE and UNESCO Chair Global Health & Education. Official actions and documents from the Ministry of Health and Municipal Health Departments (SMS) of each capital were also analyzed. No records were found of official actions aimed at COVID-19 that addressed the territories’ specificities. In total, 15 promotional actions by the communities were identified. The selection of local actors to take on specific responsibilities during the pandemic is highlighted as a relevant action. This action alone weaves together at least three of the five HP principles (equity, life cycles and empowerment). We consider that previous forms of political empowerment, such as the recognition of territories and educational initiatives, have contributed to the subjects who are leading these inventive initiatives. However, although there is scope for promotional actions, there are infrastructural limitations that only public policies could mitigate. Such actions would demand deliberate coordination between the government and social movements, which is absent in the current context of national governance.
Effects of the digital divide on the prevention of food risk in Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Yu-Chan , Li Fang-Ying 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Given the frequent occurrence of various food incidents, food safety is a significant public health concern worldwide. Health information plays an important role in risk prevention. As its reach continues to broaden, the Internet is emerging as a major source of health information for the public, although some social groups continue to have limited access. This study investigates the relation between the digital divide and practices for preventing food incidents in Taiwan. Using a nationally representative survey of 2098 adults, the results of our multinomial logistic regression and bootstrapped mediation analysis indicate the existence of second- and third-level digital divides. The association between socioeconomic status and Internet use time and digital skills results in disparities in food risk prevention behaviors and is partially mediated by online food safety information acquisition. Our findings reveal that the digital divide exacerbates health inequalities in food risk prevention. In addition to providing useful food safety information online, communication interventions should address the digital inequality by delivering food safety information through alternative networks for disadvantaged members of the public.
From APC to the genetics of hereditary and familial colon cancer syndromes
Authors: Olkinuora Alisa P , Peltomäki Päivi T , Aaltonen Lauri A , Rajamäki Kristiina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndromes attributable to high penetrance mutations represent 9–26% of young-onset CRC cases. The clinical significance of many of these mutations is understood well enough to be used in diagnostics and as an aid in patient care. However, despite the advances made in the field, a significant proportion of familial and early-onset cases remains molecularly uncharacterized and extensive work is still needed to fully understand the genetic nature of CRC susceptibility. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing and associated methods, several predisposition loci have been unraveled, but validation is incomplete. Individuals with cancer-predisposing mutations are currently enrolled in life-long surveillance, but with the development of new treatments, such as cancer vaccinations, this might change in the not so distant future for at least some individuals. For individuals without a known cause for their disease susceptibility, prevention and therapy options are less precise. Herein, we review the progress achieved in the last three decades with a focus on how CRC predisposition genes were discovered. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical implications of these discoveries and anticipate what to expect in the next decade.
Preoperative radio-guided localization of lung nodules with I-125 seeds: experience with 32 patients at a single institution
Authors: Fra-Fernández Sara , Gorospe-Sarasúa Luis , Ajuria-Illarramendi Odile , Serrano-Carvajal Percy Enrique , Muñoz-Molina Gemma María , Cabañero-Sánchez Alberto , Rioja-Martin Maria Eugenia , Moreno-Mata Nicolás 
Published: July 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESVideothoracoscopic visualization and/or palpation of pulmonary nodules may be difficult due to their location, small size or limited solid component. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with computed tomography (CT)-guided preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules by percutaneous marking with radio-labelled iodine-125 seeds.METHODSA total of 34 pulmonary nodules were marked under CT with the placement of 33 radio-labelled iodine-125 seeds in 32 consecutive patients.RESULTSAll patients underwent biportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and in no case was conversion to thoracotomy necessary. A total of 88.2% of the lung nodules were successfully resected. In the remaining 11.8%, migration of the seed to the pleural cavity occurred, although these nodules were still resected during VATS. Of all the patients with pneumothorax after the marking procedure, only one required chest tube placement (3.1%). No major postoperative complications were observed.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative marking of pulmonary nodules with I-125 seeds under CT guidance is a feasible and safe technique that allows their intraoperative identification and resection.
The feasibility of mitral valve device foldoplasty: anin vivostudy to evaluate durable retention
Authors: Wamala Isaac , Saeed Mossab Y , Hammer Peter E , Bautista-Salinas Daniel , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Ghelani Sunil J , Vasilyev Nikolay V , del Nido Pedro J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESWe have previously shown in experimental settings that a leaflet foldoplasty device reduces redundant leaflet area to re-establish mitral valve (MV) coaptation. The current study investigates the in vivo device retention and functional durability following foldoplasty.METHODSThe prototype is of superelastic nitinol formed into a 3-dimensional shape. It is unfolded to engage a specified area of leaflet tissue and then folded to exclude this tissue from the coaptation surface. Design modifications were made and tested in benchtop studies to determine the optimal design for durable retention within the leaflet. To evaluate in vivo performance, posterior leaflet chordae were severed in Yorkshire pigs to produce complete posterior leaflet prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation. Design modifications were then used for MV repair. Five animals that underwent repair using the optimal design were observed for 2 weeks postoperative to evaluate the functional result and implant retention.RESULTSDevice position and orientation were maintained at 2 weeks while preserving the functional MV repair in all 5 animals. Coaptation height was 5.5 ± 1.5 mm, which was not significantly different from a baseline of 4.9 ± 0.8 mm. The degree of leaflet excursion was 41.0 ± 16.0 compared to a baseline of 58.7 ± 27.5.CONCLUSIONSDevice foldoplasty is a new concept for MV repair based on the reduction of redundant leaflet tissue area. This study demonstrates the feasibility of safe maintenance of this repair without early dislodgement or embolization.
Hospital pharmacy outpatient medication dispensing and counselling practices in North-Western Nigeria: an observational study
Authors: Abdu-Aguye Samirah N , Labaran Kamilu S , Danjuma Nuhu M , Mohammed Shafiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To describe outpatient medication dispensing and counselling processes in pharmacies located in eight hospitals in North-Western Nigeria.

Methods
An observational study was conducted from January to March 2020 in 19 hospital pharmacies located in the eight hospitals. Two types of observations were carried out, structured observations to describe the content of patient medication counselling encounters and general observations of other activities. Quantitative data were generated from the structured observations, whereas qualitative data were collected from field notes and informal discussions with dispensers. Data collected during the structured observations were descriptively analysed, whereas other data collected during the general observation periods were grouped and organized into categories.

Key findings
A total of 782 patient counselling encounters were observed during the structured observations. The most frequent types of information provided by the dispensers during these encounters included dose (98%) and route of administration (85%). Information about the name(s), indication(s), side effect(s) of medication as well as the importance of adherence were provided in less than 5% of these cases. Dispensers also made attempts to verify ownership of prescriptions to be dispensed in only 35% of these cases. Other issues observed included lack of interventions by dispensing staff during these processes. A total of 100 dispensing errors were observed, and provision of incomplete information (usually about duration of medicines use) was the most common type of dispensing error seen.

Conclusions
Several problems were observed with the medication dispensing and counselling processes for outpatients in the hospital pharmacies observed. Interventions aimed at improving these processes are required if patients are to use their medicines correctly and safely.
The Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Associated With Liver Damage Is Broader and Stronger in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Compared to Patients With Acute Hepatitis B
Authors: Johnson Valiente Alexandra , Liem Kin Seng , Schwarz Kathleen B , Rosenthal Philip , Murray Karen F , Mogul Douglas , Teckman Jeffery , Rodriguez-Baez Norberto , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane , Feld Jordan J , Wong David K , Lewis-Ximenez Lia L , Lauer Georg , Hansen Bettina E , Ling Simon C , Janssen Harry L A , Gehring Adam J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLiver damage in hepatitis B is immune driven and correlates with inflammatory markers in patient serum. There is no comparison of these markers to determine if inflammatory profiles are distinct to different types of liver damage across patients at different stages of disease. We measured 25 inflammatory markers in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B with hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion and chronic patients stopping nucleoside analogue therapy. Myeloid markers dominated the inflammatory profile in all stages of hepatitis B. More inflammatory markers were detectable in chronic patients, including elevated concentrations of cytotoxic effectors Fas ligand, TRAIL, and TNF-α.
Evaluation of Three Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Immunoassays for Post-Vaccine Response
Authors: Di Meo Ashley , Miller Jessica J , Fabros Anselmo , Brinc Davor , Hall Victoria , Pinzon Natalia , Ierullo Matthew , Ku Terrance , Ferreira Victor H , Kumar Deepali , Pasic Maria D , Kulasingam Vathany 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
In North America, both messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2, and Moderna mRNA-1273, each utilizing a 2-dose regimen, have started to be administered to individuals.

Methods
We evaluated the quantitative serologic antibody response following administration of either a single dose or both doses of an mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in a cohort of 98 participants (88 healthcare workers [HCW] and 10 solid organ transplant [SOT] recipients). Antibody levels were compared across 3 immunoassays: Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics), SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG (DiaSorin), and SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott).

Results
Among HCW, sensitivity ranged from 100% (Roche), 99% (Abbott) and 98% (DiaSorin). The SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant and SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assays showed good agreement with a Pearson correlation coefficient of R = 0.95. Pearson correlation coefficients of R = 0.82 and 0.83 were obtained for Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S vs SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG and SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant vs Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S, respectively. Significant differences in antibody levels between HCW and SOT recipients were observed. A decrease in antibody levels from time of vaccine administration to blood draw was evident. Among those with a second dose, an increase in antibody levels with increased time between administration of the first and second dose was observed.

Conclusions
The absolute values generated from each of the assay platforms are not interchangeable. Antibody levels differed with increased time between vaccine administration and with increased time between administration of the first and second dose. Further, significant differences in antibody levels between HCW and SOT recipients were observed.
Typographic Histories: Three Decades of Research
Authors: Farias Priscila L , Aynsley Jeremy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This Virtual Special Issue includes twelve articles published in the Journal of Design History between 1988 to 2020 that focus on typographic histories. The selected articles address different aspects of the subject, ranging from designing letterforms and manufacturing typefaces to putting those letterforms to use—through typesetting and letterpress printing, typewriting, collage, lithography and photocopying. To provide a context for this selection of articles this Introduction begins by characterizing the place of typographic histories within the Journal of Design History and the broader field of design history. It then considers the methods, models and approaches available that offer a framework for understanding and interpreting typographic practices and objects. Recognizing that the historiography of typography has a trajectory that predates design history by many years, reference is made to other disciplines that have contributed to this longer history. We then give a brief overview of the various kinds of archives and collections where the materials, methods and objects of typography are held and can be studied. The Introduction concludes by detailing the contribution of the selected articles, grouping them and drawing out themes that become apparent by placing them together. Finally, the article offers suggestions for future research and scholarship.
Pig pigmentation: testing Gloger’s rule
Authors: Newell Caroline , Walker Hannah , Caro Tim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComparative studies indicate that several mammalian clades obey Gloger’s rule in that they exhibit darker coloration in humid warm climates, although the mechanisms responsible for this association still are poorly understood. We surveyed external appearances of a single species, the feral pig (Sus scrofa), shot at 48 hunting lodges across North America and matched these to potential abiotic drivers, namely: relative humidity, temperature, precipitation, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and to biotic factors of habitat shade and predation pressure. We found that darker animals occupy locations of greater precipitation and warmer temperatures, as expected from Gloger’s rule. The recent range expansion of S. scrofa implies selection for pelage coloration has occurred very rapidly. Separating pelage coloration into eumelanin- and phaeomelanin-based pigmentation, we found more pronounced eumelanin-based pelage in areas of higher rainfall and temperatures and UV radiation, whereas pelage phaeomelanin is related to cool dry climates with lower UV radiation. This implies that humidity or UV protection but not crypsis are the mechanisms underlying Gloger’s rule in this species and the factors driving eumelanin and phaeomelanin expression in mammalian pelage are different, reinforcing new interpretations of this venerable rule.
Gastro-cutaneous fistula treated with trionic (cell alginate activate packing)
Authors: Mahmutaj Dafina , Braha Bedri , Krasniqi Jehona 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gastrocutaneous fistulae are traditionally treated with to parenteral nutrition or surgical management. We are presenting a case of a 56-year-old man who underwent a surgical closure of a gastrocutaneous fistula with a trionic (cell alginate activate packing). The fistula recurred on postoperative day 14, after the Bilroth II operation.
For the first 8 days after filling the fistula with trionic, we applied total parenteral nutrition. Later, the patient started taking liquid foods through the mouth. The leak of the fistulous liquid was conspicuously reduced, and on the 20th day, it ceased completely.
An AMUSING look at the host of the periodic nuclear transient ASASSN-14ko reveals a second AGN
Authors: Tucker M A , Shappee B J , Hinkle J T , Neustadt J M M , Eracleous M , Kochanek C S , Prieto J L , Payne A V , Galbany L , Anderson J P , Auchettl K , Auge C , Holoien Thomas W-S 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral-field spectroscopy of ESO 253−G003, which hosts a known active galactic nucleus (AGN) and the periodic nuclear transient ASASSN-14ko, observed as part of the All-weather MUse Supernova Integral-field of Nearby Galaxies survey. The MUSE observations reveal that the inner region hosts two AGN separated by $1.4\pm 0.1~\rm {kpc}$ (≈1${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$7). The brighter nucleus has asymmetric broad permitted emission-line profiles and is associated with the archival AGN designation. The fainter nucleus does not have a broad emission-line component but exhibits other AGN characteristics, including $\hbox{$v_{\rm {FWHM}}$} \approx 700~\hbox{km~s$^{-1}$}$ forbidden line emission, $\rm{\log _{10}(\rm{[O\,\small {III}]}/\rm{H\beta})} \approx 1.1$, and high-excitation potential emission lines, such as [Fe vii] λ6086 and He ii λ4686. The host galaxy exhibits a disturbed morphology with large kpc-scale tidal features, potential outflows from both nuclei, and a likely superbubble. A circular relativistic disc model cannot reproduce the asymmetric broad emission-line profiles in the brighter nucleus, but two non-axisymmetric disc models provide good fits to the broad emission-line profiles: an elliptical disc model and a circular disc + spiral arm model. Implications for the periodic nuclear transient ASASSN-14ko are discussed.
Structure and morphology of the MATLAS dwarf galaxies and their central nuclei
Authors: Poulain Mélina , Marleau Francine R , Habas Rebecca , Duc Pierre-Alain , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Durrell Patrick R , Paudel Sanjaya , Ahad Syeda Lammim , Chougule Abhishek , Müller Oliver , Lim Sungsoon , Bílek Michal , Fensch Jérémy 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a photometric study of the dwarf galaxy population in the low to moderate density environments of the MATLAS (Mass Assembly of early-Type gaLAxies with their fine Structures) deep imaging survey. The sample consists of 2210 dwarfs, including 508 nucleated. We define a nucleus as a compact source that is close to the galaxy photocentre (within 0.5 $R_\mathrm{ e}$) which is also the brightest such source within the galaxy’s effective radius. The morphological analysis is performed using a 2D surface brightness profile modelling on the g-band images of both the galaxies and nuclei. Our study reveals that, for similar luminosities, the MATLAS dwarfs show ranges in the distribution of structural properties comparable to cluster (Virgo and Fornax) dwarfs and a range of sizes comparable to the Local Group and Local Volume dwarfs. Colour measurements using the r- and i-band images indicate that the dwarfs in low and moderate density environments are as red as cluster dwarfs on average. The observed similarities between dwarf ellipticals in vastly different environments imply that dEs are not uniquely the product of morphological transformation due to ram-pressure stripping and galaxy harassment in high density environments. We measure that the dwarf nuclei are located predominantly in massive, bright and round dwarfs and observe fewer nuclei in dwarfs with a faint centre and a small size. The colour of the galaxy nucleus shows no clear relation to the colour of the dwarf, in agreement with the migration and wet migration nucleus formation scenarios. The catalogues of the MATLAS dwarfs photometric and structural properties are provided.
Towards a robust estimation of orientation parameters between ICRF and Gaia celestial reference frames
Authors: Malkin Zinovy 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
An analysis of the source position differences between very long baseline interferometry-based ICRF and Gaia-celestial reference frame catalogues is a key step in assessing their systematic errors and determining their mutual orientation. One of the main factors that limits the accuracy of determination of the orientation parameters between two frames is the impact of outliers. To mitigate this effect, a new method is proposed based on pixelization data over the equal-area cells, followed by median filtering of the data in each cell. After this, a new data set is formed, consisting of data points near-uniformly distributed over the sphere. The vector spherical harmonics decomposition is then applied to this data to finally compute the orientation parameters between ICRF and Gaia frames. To validate the proposed approach, a comparison was made of the ICRF3-SX and Gaia DR2 catalogues using several methods for outliers removal. The results of this work showed that the proposed method is practically insensitive to outliers and thus provides much more robust results of catalogues comparison than the methods used so far. This conclusion was confirmed by analogous test comparison of the Gaia DR2 and OCARS catalogues.
Testing the chemical homogeneity of chemically tagged dissolved birth clusters
Authors: Cheng Chloe M , Price-Jones Natalie , Bovy Jo 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Chemically tagging stars back to common formation sites in the Milky Way and establishing a high level of chemical homogeneity in these chemically tagged birth clusters is crucial for understanding the chemical and dynamical history of the Galactic disc. We constrain the intrinsic abundance scatter in 17 newly chemically tagged dissolved birth clusters found in the APOGEE survey by modelling APOGEE spectra as a one-dimensional function of initial stellar mass, performing forward modelling of the observed stellar spectra, then comparing the data and simulations using Approximate Bayesian Computation. We exemplify this method with the well-known open clusters M67, NGC 6819, and NGC 6791. We study 15 elements measured by APOGEE and find that, in general, we are able to obtain very strong constraints on the intrinsic abundance scatter of most elements in the chemically tagged birth clusters, with upper limits of ≲0.02 dex for C, ≲0.03 dex for O, Mn, and Fe, ≲0.04 dex for Si and Ni, and ≲0.05 dex for N, Mg, and Ca. While we find some evidence for a small amount of chemical inhomogeneity in the remaining elements (i.e. Na, Al, S, K, Ti, and V), we are still able to obtain similar or stronger limits compared to those found for open clusters, consistent with previous findings. By strongly constraining their level of chemical homogeneity, we can strengthen the statement that these groups of stars represent birth clusters, with promising implications for future chemical tagging studies.