bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic response of multiple-story structures on flexible foundations
Authors: Parmelee Richard A. , Perelman David S. , Lee Seng-Lip 
Published: July 2021

abstractA method is presented for investigating the seismic response of multiple-story shear buildings on flexible elastic foundation media which are represented by an elastic half space. It is shown that the frequency dependent dynamic properties of the foundation medium may be assumed to be constant with respect to the frequency. This assumption leads to equations of motion with constant coefficients which are solved numerically. A study of several structure-foundation systems indicates that the flexibility of the foundation medium can increase or decrease the flexural response of the structure compared to the case of the rigid foundation.
Analysis of earth motions and seismic sources by power spectral density
Authors: Power Dean V. 
Published: July 2021

abstractGround motion records from six high-explosive cratering events in northeastern Montana, ten contained nuclear explosive events at the Nevada Test Site, and motions of an earth-fill dam during the Gasbuggy underground nuclear explosion in New Mexico were analyzed for power spectral density, peak velocity and velocity spectra. The high-explosive events included four 20-ton single charges at depths of burst which varied between 42 to 57 feet, a 140-ton row charge consisting of three 20-ton and two 40-ton charges at optimum cratering depths of burst, and a 0.5-ton charge at the optimum depth of burst. It was found that at these depths and charge weights an increase in depth of burst resulted in an increase in peak velocities and power-spectral densities as measured at distant points (&gt; 5 km). Power spectral density was found to be approximately proportional to the first power of yield. For this region it was determined that power spectral density varied inversely as radial distance to the 3.55 power. Three analysis techniques—peak velocity, velocity spectra and power spectral density—are compared, and it is shown that power spectral density is the most consistent method when comparing records from different measuring stations. An analysis of power-spectral density measured at one station for the ten events at the Nevada Test Site shows that a significant shift in the frequency of the energy in the seismogram occurs when the source location changes. For events in the Yucca Flat area the peak energy at Mercury was consistently at 1.0 Hz, while for events in the Pahute Mesa area this peak occurs at 2.5 Hz. A comparison of the power spectral densities on and near the Navajo Dam revealed that the natural frequencies and first harmonics of the dam are 1.4, 2.0 and 2.5 Hz in the mode where motion is parallel to the canyon axis. A simple model makes use of these frequencies to calculate a shear-wave velocity of 1130 ft/sec. A method of using power spectral density to measure earthquake magnitudes and measure the yield of underground explosions is proposed.
Study of focal mechanism of deep earthquakes in Argentina using non linear particle motion of S waves
Authors: Mendiguren Jorge Andrés 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The push-pull distribution of the first pulse of P and PKP waves of 33 deep earthquakes which occurred in north Argentina in the last 30 years is studied using a graphical statistical method. Also the direction of polarization of S waves is studied, and is determined for both linear and non-linear motion at the surface.
Results show that the earthquakes have approximately the same focal mechanism. The pattern of stresses causing the earthquakes should be the same along this deep seismic region.
The average focal mechanism can be represented by a double couple without moment. The pressure axis direction is perpendicular to the trend of spatial location and it dips 54° toward the continent. A table to derive the direction of polarization of S from non-linear particle motion is given, assuming a simplified earth model.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANIMASI 360 DERAJAT BERTEMA SEJARAH
Authors: Sutrisno Arif 
Published: July 2021

To identify general characteristics of historical-themed 360o animation, visual characteristics, and ways of delivering material in historical learning media, this study attempts to compare three historical-themed 360o animations, namely the game trailler Assassin's Creed Syndicate Jack the Ripper, Dinosaurs World 360 VR, and Dunkirk 'Save Every Breath'. This research method is by determine the benchmark focus, planning and research, data collection, implementation, recommendations, and analysis. In general, historical 360o animation uses 3D animation techniques. The flow used tends to be linear with narrative storytelling. The point of view used is first person. The camera movement used is a follow subject. Key Words: Animation 360 Degree, Learning Media, History
Varied presentations of a mineralized styloid process in oral submucous fibrosis patients visualized on digital panoramic radiographs
Authors: Patel Shital , Mehta Deval , Rupawala Taher , Patel Nimesh , Bhimani Kruna , Bhatti Zenish 
Published: July 2021

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a widely prevalent, premalignant condition which adversely affects the quality of life of an individual and can warrant stringent surgical regimen for its treatment. An Elongated Styloid Process (ESP), if coexisting, can invariably impair the post-surgical mandatory physiotherapy necessary to maintain the mouth-opening achieved intraoperatively. To evaluate digital Orthopantomograms (OPGs) of patients having OSMF and to observe presentations of various combinations of calcification types and patterns of ESP in them. Patients with clinically diagnosed OSMF (Grade III and IV according to Khanna and Andrade 1995) were advised a digital OPG to measure and observe the ESP using the C.S. Imaging Software 7.0.3.The digitized OPGs were converted into KODAK large format prints and then ESP was measured starting from the point where it is visualized to leave the tympanic plate extending upto its tip and its myriad of combinations of calcification patterns were recorded by a single observer.The presence of unilateral and bilateral elongation along with the type and pattern of calcification was effectively noted using the C.S. Imaging Software 7.0.3. Visualization of various unique, varying patterns of ESP was noted. Sixteen such different radiological presentations were shown, captured through digital OPGs. An undetected ESP can prove to be detrimental for a patient who is recently treated for OSMF as it hinders efficient postoperative mouth opening exercises. This can easily be prevented by a simple maneuver of identifying the ESP on a digital OPG using computer aided software. The presence of assorted radiographic patterns in patients having OSMF indicate that extensive research should be directed to identify and categorize such patterns which do not conform to the past methods of classification. This study hints towards the existence of a scope to study the factors responsible for the occurrence of the varied combinations of calcification and thickness of the ESP and their clinical relevance.
Morphofunctional Parameters of the Spleen Under Immobilization Stress and the Use of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Klochkova S. V. , Alexeeva N. T. , Nikityuk D. B. , Torgun P. M. , Ul'yanov I. A. , Sviridova O. L. , Sokolov D. A. 
Published: July 2021

The aimof this study was to determine the morphofunctional features of the spleen in rats under immobilization stress and administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.Material and methods.60 white Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. The animals of the first control group were injected with saline. The rats of the second control group were injected with lipopolysaccharide. In the rats of the third group, immobilization stress was induced and the animals of this group were injectedwith saline. In rats of the fourth group, immobilization stress was also caused and lipopolysaccharide was administered in the form of the drug Pyrogenal (Medgamal, Russia) in a dose of 100 µg/kg of body weight. Fragments of the spleen were fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing strength, and embedded in paraffin. Thin paraffin sections 4–5 µm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The area of longitudinal sections of the spleen, the area of the white and red pulp were determined planimetrically. Using a screw m icrometer eyepiece, the width of the reactive center of the lymph nodes of the white pulp, the width of the mantle and marginal zone of the nodules, as well as the width of the periarterial lymphoid sheath were measured (40–50 measurements for each animal).Results.It was found that on the 3rd day after the stress morphological signs of a sharp decrease in the activity of the white pulp were revealed. On the 8th day, pronounced recovery processes in the spleen were noted, however, complete restoration of the structure of the spleen did not occur. On the 3rd and 8th days after stress and administration of lipopolysaccharide, no signs of inhibition of the activity of the white and red pulp were found in the spleen; morphological parameters of the spleen did not differ from the control values.
Anogenital Distance as a Biomarker of Prenatal Estrogen Action and Risk Factor of Reproductive Disorders in Offspring
Authors: Sulaimanova R. T. 
Published: July 2021

The aimof this research was to study an anogenital distance of the offspring of laboratory mice after prenatal exposure to estrogens.Material and methods. The study included sexually mature laboratory mice and their mothers that were injected with various single doses of estrogen preparations intramuscularly at the E 11.5 gestation stage. The mice of the experimental group C-50 were injected with 2% oil solution of synestrol, dosage 50 μg/kg, the mice of the control group were injected with olive oil, dosage 0.2 μg/kg. The mice of the experimental group F-100 were injected with 0.4 ml of 0.0005% fulvestrant oil solution, dosage 100 μg/kg, the mice of the control group were injected with sterile castor oil, dosage 0.8 μg/kg. The body weight, the anogenital distance (AGD), the AGD index were measured in sexually mature offspring of laboratory mice, male and female. The data obtained were statistically processed.Results.The exposure of male offspring to synestrol, dosage 50 μg/kg, caused an AGD reduction compared with the mice in the control group. Fulvestrant, dosage 100 μg/kg, blocked estrogen receptors; as a result, only androgen receptors worked, the fact leading to an increased masculinizing effect; with this effect a slight increase in AGD was observed in male offspring compared to the mice of the control group. The AGD parameters in female mice of the experimental group C-50 decreased compared with the mice of the control group; this parameter can be considered as a feminizing delayed effect. The female mice of the experimental group F-100 showed no statistically significant changes.Conclusion.The study of dose-dependent effects of prenatal estrogen administration demonstrated both stimulating and inhibitory effects of hormones on the AGD parameters. The study of AGD dependence onthe prenatal effect of estrogens allows early identification of pathological changes in the reproductive system of the offspring.
Restorative Processes in the Thyroid Gland of Russian Long-Haired Rams in Postnatal Ontogenesis
Authors: Ul'yanov A. G. , Slesarenko N. A. , Alekseeva N. T. , Torgun P. M. , Kvaratskheliiya A. G. 
Published: July 2021

The aimof this study is to study the recovery processes in the thyroid gland of Russian long-haired sheep in postnatal ontogenesis.Material and methods. The material for the study was 77 rams of the Russian long-haired breed of various ages. Fragments of the thyroid gland were fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin, in liquids of Shtive and Buena. Thin paraffin sections with a thickness of 4–5 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan according to Heydenhein, and the PAS-reaction was applied. The average area of all follicles in the field of view was determined at a magnification of ×80 (ob. 10; oc. 8) using G.G. Autandilov ocular grid (50 fields of viewfor each animal). Based on the obtained absolute values of the area of the follicles and the interfollicular epithelium (mm 2 ), the relative value (%) of the area of the follicles and the interfollicular epithelium was determined. Using a screw eyepiece micrometer, the diameter of the nuclei of thyrocytes in the follicles and thyrocytes of the interfollicular epithelium was measured. The area of the nuclei was determined by the diameter of the nuclei. The mitotic index (MI) in ‰ was calculated . The number of dividing cells per thousand thyrocytes was calculated. At least 20,000 cells were counted for each animal.Results.It was found that in rams aged 15 days, the area of interfollicular epithelium was 86.5%, microfollicles occupied an area of 13.5%. Dividing cells were common, with the MI of follicular and interfollicular thyrocytes being 0.19‰. In rams at the age of 2 months, the number of small follicles increased, the areaof which was 19.7%. MI in follicles increased to 0.21‰, in interfollicular epithelium it decreased to 0.16‰. In rams at the age of 4 months, the area of follicles almost doubled, the area of interfollicular epithelium decreased by 16.1%. In rams aged 2–3 years, the area of interfollicular epithelium decreased, while MI decreased and was 0.13‰ in 3-year-old animals. In rams at the age of 4 and 5 years, there was a decrease in the functional activity of thefollicles. MI in large follicles was higher than in small follicles (0.12–0.13‰ versus 0.09‰).
CHINA’S HUNT FOR FUEL THROUGH BRI IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: Hussain Fakhar , Ahmad Mian Saeed , Rafiq Shumaila , Umm-E-Rubab  , Hussain Sarfraz 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to examine China’s hunt for the acquisition of energy supplies through the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) in the Middle East due to the unprecedented economic expansion on accounts of which it needs reliable resources of natural gas and oil to cope with the requisite needs of energy.
Methodology: The data for this study is collected from various secondary sources like Research Journals, Academic Research Papers, and Electronic Sources. Data were interpreted using the deductive method of investigation through an analytical and descriptive approach.
Principal Findings: The main findings indicate that China has long followed its “win-win” strategy, which means that all trading partners of the region profit fairly, and for that reason, Beijing is aiming to boost its commercial presence in the region of the Middle East for mutual gains and that economic interdependence, according to Beijing encourages collaboration between the states on accounts of which it is considered that energy deals of China are centered on mutual economic interests.
Applications of this study: Findings of the study will be helpful for scholars and academics of International Relations, Security Studies, Policymakers of China and the Middle East countries, diplomats of China, USA, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Iran as well as it also contributes for understanding energy and economic ambitions of China in the region of Middle East, which to be accomplished through BRI.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality/novelty of the study lies in the attempt to explore that BRI is considered as the 21st century’s Marshall Plan by China and that it will associate China’s hunt for global energy resources by diversification of the economic markets of the Middle East.
Development and Validation of a “Pelita Harapan” Questionnaire Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Young People in Indonesia
Authors: Winata Sharleen , Kurniawan Andree , Agung Fransisca Handy , Hardjo Lugito Nata Pratama , Jodhinata Claudia , Halim Devina Adella , Angelina Stella , Agatha Cindy Monika 
Published: July 2021

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. Much false information was circulating especially through social media and affected individual’s knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) towards COVID-19. Currently, there is lack of validated questionnaires to assess KAP about COVID-19 especially in Indonesian young people.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> To develop and validate a new COVID-19 KAP questionnaire for young people population in Indonesian language.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Some literature review was done to look for the concept to generate a new questionnaire. Open-ended questions were generated to know the baseline knowledge. Then, close-ended questions were formulized for knowledge, attitude, and practice area. The experts and several respondents were asked to give their opinions about the contents of the questionnaire. The validity was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For reliability, internal consistency was examined by using Pearson or Spearmen correlation test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 59 subjects with median ages 21 (16-24) years old of non-medical individuals were included in this validation process. More than half were male, mostly held bachelor’s degree/diploma, and were dominated with students. This Indonesian COVID-19 KAP questionnaire for young people consists of 10 knowledge, 8 attitude, and 7 practice questions. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of knowledge, attitude, and practice areas were 0.87, 0.82, and 0.91, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A questionnaire of KAP towards COVID-19 in Indonesian language had been developed and the results showed good validity.</p>
RESÍDUOS DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE DO MUNICÍPIO DE ILHA SOLTEIRA-SP
Authors: Maciel Lucimar Milherviez , Tagliferro Evandro Roberto , Américo-Pinheiro Juliana Heloisa Pinê , Frias Danila Fernanda Rodrigues 
Published: July 2021

As Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e as unidades de Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) são estabelecimentos que prestam serviços de atenção básica à população de um município. O gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) gerados por estas unidades acontece por etapas interdependentes cuja finalidade é preservar o bem-estar dos funcionários, conservar o meio ambiente e dar segurança à população. As etapas do gerenciamento devem ser realizadas com base em uma percepção ambiental bem estruturada, de forma sistêmica. No Brasil há uma extensa legislação que regulamenta a questão junto às unidades geradoras. O presente estudo objetivou analisar o gerenciamento desses RSS em UBS’s e unidades de ESF’s do município de Ilha Solteira, no período de 2011 a 2018, utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, associada à observação e registro fotográfico das ações de gerenciamento adotadas pela administração municipal. Constatou-se que o município possui um Plano de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos que, desde 2012, estabelece o correto gerenciamento dos resíduos, como obrigação dos gestores da saúde e demais trabalhadores destas instituições. Contudo, falta conhecimento sobre a importância do processo para a manutenção de um ambiente salutar para a comunidade. A eficiência na prestação dos serviços é uma busca constante, mas falta atenção em pontos fundamentais. Conclui-se que o sistema necessita de maior aprimoramento. Investimentos na educação continuada, treinamento dos profissionais de saúde e esclarecimento da população mostram-se fundamentais para a solução das questões que envolvem o gerenciamento adequado dos RSS e o correto cumprimento da legislação. Palavras-chave: Educação continuada. Gestão. Legislação. Saúde Pública. Unidades geradoras.
REUSO DA ÁGUA: UMA REVISÃO DO PONTO DE VISTA LEGAL
Authors: Rytchyskyi Juliana Maria Florindo , Almeida Carlos André Silvestre Medeiros de , Cedrim Matheus Barbosa Moreira 
Published: July 2021

A distribuição da água em um determinado território nem sempre condiz com a disposição demográfica. Diversos fatores contribuem para essas diferenças, apesar do homem procurar se estabelecer em locais próximos às fontes de água ou em lugares que ao menos forneçam o mínimo para o seu consumo. Por diversas circunstâncias, entre elas, a poluição ambiental, há uma maior necessidade de investigação, e desta forma, recorre-se a meios alternativos para solucionar ou mitigar os danos causados aos recursos naturais, principalmente aos recursos hídricos. A este último, apresentam-se como alternativas o reuso da água do esgoto e o aproveitamento das águas pluviais após o devido tratamento para a finalidade a qual se destina. Com base nesses sistemas e por meio de pesquisa exploratória, utilizando materiais bibliográficos e documentais, é possível descrever a viabilidade ambiental e a relevância de pequenas atitudes que podem proporcionar benefícios ao meio ambiente e a população. Desta forma, este trabalho objetiva demonstrar o quão importantes e eficientes são as medidas previstas na legislação para a diminuição da poluição ambiental e o consequente aumento da preservação hídrica.
Analytical Study of General Insurance in India
Authors: Gupta Sumeet 
Published: July 2021

There is a striking difference between developed and developing nations in terms of general insurance penetration and density. It was highest for United States in 2008. It was very closely followed by Switzerland. In fact, General insurance density and penetration both has always been high for these two countries. In this way, these two countries can be regarded as the world leader in general insurance industry. General insurance penetration has not shown much change over the years. For developed countries the average General insurance penetration for 2008 was 3.40 while that of developing nations was just 2.90. Also, there have been no major changes in these values since 2001. Among developing countries, South Africa and Taiwan are fast gaining momentum. Russia is also a close competitor in terms of general insurance penetration. In the Indian sub-continent, it is Sri Lanka that has shown the maximum general insurance penetration and density. India is the next in the rank.
Populasi Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Kawasan Batuan Kapur Jawa Barat
Authors: Dharma Agus Pambudi , Amirullah Gufron 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak. Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) merupakan satwa primata termasuk ke dalam Genus Macaca. Monyet ekor panjang mempunyai daya adaptasi yang tinggi terhadap lingkungan sehingga populasi yang ada di alam semakin bertambah setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah individu dan kepadatan populasi monyet ekor panjang (M. fascicularis) di Gunung Kapur Cicadas Desa Ciampea. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juli 2015. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode jalur (line transect sampling). Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh total individu monyet ekor panjang sebanyak 245 individu dengan jumlah masing-masing individu jantan dan betina dewasa diperoleh 38 individu (15,51%), remaja 56 individu (22,86%), anak 91 individu (37,14%), dan bayi 22 individu (8,98%), dan kepadatan populasinya sebesar 2,0 individu/Ha.Kata Kunci: Populasi, Monyet Ekor Panjang, Gunung Cicadas, Ciampea, Bogor Abstract. Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is a species of primates into the Genus Macaca. Long-tailed monkeys have high adaptability to the environment so that the population that exists in nature is growing every year. This study aims to determine the number of individuals and the population density of long-tailed macaques (M. fascicularis) in Gunung Kapur Cicadas Ciampea village. This study was conducted from April to July 2015. The datawas collected using a path (line transect sampling). The results of this study obtained individual total long-tailed macaques were 245 individuals with the number of individual males and females adult obtained 38 individuals (15,51%), juvenile 56 individuals (22,86%), children 91 individuals (37,14%), and infants 22 individuals (8,98%), and a population density of 2,0 individual / Ha.Keyword: Population, Long-tailed monkeys, Mount Cicadas, Ciampea, Bogor