bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Different Varieties of Chrysanthemum Flos in China
Authors: Chen Le , Liu Yin , Huang Xianju , Zhu Yunyun , Li Jinxin , Miao Yuhuan , Du Hongzhi , Liu Dahui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChrysanthemum Flos is the prestigious traditional Chinese medicinal material and the popular health drink. This article comprehensively evaluated the chemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and hepatoprotective effects of 25 common chrysanthemum varieties in China. Firstly, we analyzed the chemical compositions of water extracts of chrysanthemum using UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS, and identified 29 chemical components. The results displayed that chrysanthemum was rich in chemical constituents, but there were significant differences in the contents of four phenolic acids and five flavonoids among different varieties, and the coefficient of variation (CVs) ranged from 35.96 % to 114.62 %. Then, the antioxidant activities of different chrysanthemums were investigated, respectively via 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The spectrum‐effect relationships between nine main components and antioxidant activities were investigated to identify the antioxidant constitutes in chrysanthemums. Meanwhile, H2O2‐induced hepatocyte injury testing showed wide variation in cultivar antioxidant capacity, with Tongchengju (TCJ) producing the best effect (90.32 %), followed by Chuju (CJ; 85.78 %). In addition, the hepatoprotective effects of 8 mainstream varieties were determined by the model of acute alcoholic liver injury. They protected liver from injury by affecting relevant liver function and antioxidant indexes. Huangshangongju (HSG) could decrease aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity by 39.27 % in liver tissue; Hangju‐Fubaiju (HJ‐FBJ), Jinsihuangju (JSH), and Chuju (CJ) significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of liver tissue, which reduced by more than 40 %; Jinsihuangju (JSH) of used for tea could double the content of glutathione (GSH) and had the similar effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) as the positive group, showing significant antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this study confirmed that chrysanthemums are potential resources as antioxidants, functional foods, and medicinal materials. Importantly, it may provide a scientific support for further development and utilization of chrysanthemum, and screen excellent varieties for different demands.
Digital ischemia following radial arterial cannulation
Authors: Deasy Alison , O’Neill Tanya , Rawluk Daniel , Deasy Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndwelling arterial catheterization is frequently performed in acute and critical care settings. The procedure is generally considered safe. Radial arterial occlusion resulting in vessel thrombosis, ischemic neuropathy, and/or digital ischemia is uncommon yet carries significant morbidity. Early recognition and timely management is imperative.
Long‐term safety and effectiveness of berotralstat for hereditary angioedema: The open‐label APeX‐S study
Authors: Farkas Henriette , Stobiecki Marcin , Peter Jonny , Kinaciyan Tamar , Maurer Marcus , Aygören‐Pürsün Emel , Kiani‐Alikhan Sorena , Wu Adrian , Reshef Avner , Bygum Anette , Fain Olivier , Hagin David , Huissoon Aarnoud , Jeseňák Miloš , Lindsay Karen , Panovska Vesna Grivcheva , Steiner Urs C. , Zubrinich Celia , Best Jessica M. , Cornpropst Melanie , Dix Daniel , Dobo Sylvia M. , Iocca Heather A. , Desai Bhavisha , Murray Sharon C. , Nagy Eniko , Sheridan William P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBerotralstat (BCX7353) is an oral, once‐daily inhibitor of plasma kallikrein recently approved for prevention of angioedema attacks in adults and adolescents with hereditary angioedema (HAE). The objective of this report is to summarize results from an interim analysis of an ongoing long‐term safety study of berotralstat in patients with HAE.MethodsAPeX‐S is an ongoing, phase 2, open‐label study conducted in 22 countries (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03472040). Eligible patients with a clinical diagnosis of HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE‐C1‐INH) were centrally allocated to receive berotralstat 150 or 110 mg once daily. The primary objective was to determine long‐term safety and the secondary objective was to evaluate effectiveness.ResultsEnrolled patients (N = 227) received berotralstat 150 mg (n = 127) or 110 mg (n = 100) once daily. The median (range) duration of exposure was 342 (11–540) and 307 (14–429) days for the 150‐mg and 110‐mg groups, respectively. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 91% (n = 206) of patients. The most common TEAEs across treatment groups were upper respiratory tract infection (n = 91, 40%), abdominal pain (n = 57, 25%), headache (n = 40, 18%), and diarrhea (n = 31, 14%) and were mostly mild to moderate. Fifty percent (n = 113) of patients had at least one drug‐related adverse event (AE; 150 mg, n = 57 [45%]; 110 mg, n = 56 [56%]), and discontinuations due to AEs occurred in 19 (8%) patients (150 mg, n = 13 [10%]; 110 mg, n = 6 [6%]). Three (1.3%) patients experienced a drug‐related serious TEAE. Among patients who received berotralstat through 48 weeks (150 mg, n = 73; 110 mg, n = 30), median HAE attack rates were low in month 1 (150 mg, 1.0 attacks/month; 110 mg, 0.5 attacks/month) and remained low through 12 months (0 attacks/month in both dose groups). Mean HAE attack rates followed a similar trend, and no evidence for patient tolerance to berotralstat emerged. In both dose groups, angioedema quality of life scores showed clinically meaningful changes from baseline.ConclusionsIn this analysis, both berotralstat doses, 150 and 110 mg once daily, were generally well tolerated. Effectiveness results support the durability and robustness of berotralstat as prophylactic therapy in patients with HAE.Trial registrationThe study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03472040).
RTOG‐0129 risk groups are reproducible in a prospective multicenter heterogeneously treated cohort
Authors: Fakhry Carole , Tewari Sakshi R. , Zhang Lisa , Windon Melina J. , Bigelow Elaine O. , Drake Virginia E. , Rooper Lisa M. , Troy Tanya , Ha Patrick , Miles Brett A. , Mydlarz Wojciech K. , Eisele David W. , D’Souza Gypsyamber 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRecursive partitioning analysis (RPA) from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)‐0129 has identified a low‐risk group of patients with oropharynx cancer (OPC) who might benefit from therapeutic de‐intensification. These risk groups have not yet been reproduced in an independent cohort treated heterogeneously. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to validate the RPA risk groups and examine the prognostic impact of novel factors.MethodsPatients with OPC were enrolled in a prospective study at 3 academic medical centers from 2013 to 2018. Medical record abstraction was used to ascertain clinical variables including staging and survival according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual. Human papillomavirus–positive tumor status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry and/or HPV RNA in situ hybridization. Kaplan‐Meier and log‐rank methods were used to compare survival. Cox proportional hazards were used to generate univariate and multivariable hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 3.2 years. The low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups had significant differences in 2‐year overall survival (OS, 99.1%; 95% CI, 94.4%‐99.9% vs OS, 93.0%; 95% CI, 74.7%‐98.2% vs OS, 80.0%; 95% CI, 40.9%‐94.6%; Poverall = .0001) and 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS, 97.5%; 95% CI, 92.4%‐99.2% vs PFS, 89.3%; 95% CI, 70.3%‐96.4% vs PFS, 80.0%; 95% CI, 40.9%‐94.6%; Poverall < .002). After adjustment for age, sex, and level of educational attainment, OS and PFS were significantly lower for the intermediate‐ (OS adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 5.0; 95% CI, 1.0‐23.0; PFS aHR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.0‐11.5), and high‐ (OS aHR, 7.3; 95% CI, 1.4‐39; PFS aHR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.2‐21.6) risk groups compared with the low‐risk group. Lower education was also independently significantly associated with worse OS (aHR, 8.9; 95% CI, 1.8‐44.3) and PFS (aHR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0‐9.6).ConclusionsIn patients with OPC, the RTOG‐0129 RPA model is associated with OS and PFS in a heterogeneously treated cohort.
Clinical evaluation of a novel radiofrequency‐based toothbrush for teeth whitening and reduction of teeth stains: A pilot study
Authors: Shehadeh Shadi , Levi Liora , Shamir Dror 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a novel radiofrequency (RF)‐utilizing toothbrush on reduction of stains and improvement of teeth shade.Materials and MethodsThis was an open label, prospective study, including six clinical visits that were conducted over a period of 8 weeks. Subjects performed twice daily brushing using a novel RF‐utilizing toothbrush, used manually with no mechanical vibration. Teeth shade and stains were assessed using Vita Easyshade advanced 4.0 device and a visual assessment of standardized digital photographs, before, and following 4 and 8 weeks of treatment.ResultsTwelve subjects completed the study with fully evaluable data. A notable shade improvement (whitening) was observed between the visits according to the average scores of teeth whitening index per subject. Statistical analysis conducted by the unstructured mix model confirmed a significant reduction in the average score of whitening index between baseline and visit 5 (p < 0.001) as well as between baseline and visit 6 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the average teeth shade in visit 5 as compared to visit 6 (p = 0.918). No significant difference was found in teeth shade between females and males; however, subjects age was significantly correlated with teeth shade (p < 0.001). Digital photographs indicated a notable reduction in visible dark stains. The toothbrush was well tolerated and no device‐related adverse events were reported during the study.ConclusionsThe novel RF‐utilizing toothbrush produced significant benefits relating to teeth whitening and stains reduction, following one and 8 weeks of brushing.
Partition functions of atomic and diatomic species in high‐temperature atmospheric plasmas
Authors: Liang Rihui , Liu Yanming , Li Fangyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccurate atomic and diatomic partition functions are required to determine the level populations for the calculations of radiative properties in thermodynamic equilibrium and nonequilibrium plasmas produced by various atmospheric re‐entries. In this work, a reliable partition functions database was rebuilt for some atomic and diatomic species from 100 K to 50000 K. The atomic partition functions were obtained by a four‐level model, while the diatomic partition functions were predicted based upon a more rigorous approach for the computation of the energy levels. Compared with previous publications, the number of diatomic electronic states considered in our work is as large as possible. Estimates are made for the contributions of each electronic state of the diatomic molecule to the partition function. Moreover, the effect of the number of electronic states on the partition function was also evaluated. Finally, we calculated the specific heat based upon the obtained partition functions. All the results were validated by the available data in recent references and the relative errors were systematically analysed.
Detection of pharmaceuticals in “dirty sprite” using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Rosenberger Wolfgang , Teske Jörg , Klintschar Michael , Dziadosz Marek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDirty Sprite, also known as “lean” or “purple drank”, is a preparation associated with the presence of codeine and promethazine. These drinks, predominantly used by young people, are mixtures of, for example, soft drinks, prescription medicines, and prescription cough syrups. The use of these illicit preparations started in Texas in the 1960s and become popularized in the 1990s. However, the misuse of these cocktails has become more common in other countries to date, for example, in Thailand. Given the illicit nature of these preparations and the lack of information available on the composition of these products, there is a need to identify and quantify the drugs that may be present. Three samples of Dirty Sprite were analyzed using GC–MS after liquid/liquid‐extraction under acidic and basic conditions. Since the acidic extraction did not show the detection of relevant substances, samples were alkalized to pH ≥ 9, followed by extraction with 1‐chlorobutane. GC–MS screening revealed the identification of codeine, dihydrocodeine, promethazine and impurities of cocaine. A selected ion monitoring method was developed for the quantification of these compounds using lemonade as a calibration matrix. Quantitative analysis showed concentrations of 130‐mg/L codeine, 75‐mg/L promethazine, and 3.4‐mg/L cocaine in sample 1; 74‐mg/L promethazine and 91‐mg/L dihydrocodeine in sample 2; and 130‐mg/L codeine combined with 68‐mg/L promethazine in sample 3. The results also illustrate that the consumption of drugs detected in Dirty Sprite samples could lead to health risks given that these prescription medicines are consumed outside the medical environment.
Classical‐Fenton and Photo‐Fenton oxidation of wastewater arising from cosmetic automobile care products
Authors: Cüce Hüseyin , Aydın Temel Fulya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe goal of the study is to investigate Classical‐Fenton and Photo‐Fenton oxidation from Fenton‐based advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment arising from cosmetic automobile care products. The main factors that affected Fenton processes (pH, H2O2 doses, Fe2+ doses, and H2O2/Fe2+ ratios) were examined to optimize the operating conditions in batch reactors. The optimal pH values for both systems were found as 3. The optimum experimental conditions were determined as 300 mg/L of Fe2+ dosage, 1050 mg/L of H2O2 dosage and 600/300 of H2O2/Fe2+ ratios for Classical‐Fenton; 300 mg/L of Fe2+ dosage, 900 mg/L of H2O2 dosage, and 600/300 of H2O2/Fe2+ rates for Photo‐Fenton process. In all these cases, COD removals were obtained as 75% in Classical‐Fenton process and around 85% in Photo‐Fenton process. The kinetic model results indicated that the experimental data was represented well by Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery model (R2 = 0.99) for both Fenton processes. Finally, it is concluded that Classical‐Fenton and Photo‐Fenton processes were effective for COD removal from cosmetic wastewater. Photo‐Fenton process as an oxidative removal process was exhibited more promising results due to rapid degradation, higher removal performance, fewer reagents usage, simple handling, and protecting of process effectiveness.
Dynamic calibration and seismic validation of numerical models of URM buildings through permanent monitoring data
Authors: Cattari Serena , Degli Abbati Stefania , Alfano Sara , Brunelli Andrea , Lorenzoni Filippo , da Porto Francesca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe construction of reliable numerical models is a key aspect within the seismic assessment of existing unreinforced masonry buildings. However, it is also a complex process due to the many uncertainties involved that can affect the structural response. In situ tests allow for the acquisition of data at a local scale. Nonetheless, supplementary information representing the global response is necessary to overcome other uncertainties (i.e., wall‐to‐wall connections or floor stiffness). To this end, data from ambient vibration tests (AVT) are useful to support seismic assessments. In fact, they allow for the identification of dynamic structural properties, which are useful in refining the calibration of numerical models. In addition, they address solutions for the aforementioned uncertainties. In this context, the paper presents how to efficiently exploit AVT data by using the case study of the former Courthouse of Fabriano (Ancona, Marche). This structure has been monitored since 2010 by the Italian Department of Civil Protection with a network of 28 seismic accelerometers. As a result, the equivalent frame (EF) model was calibrated in the linear field thanks to the dynamic identification provided under operational conditions. Subsequently, nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed using the recordings acquired during the Central Italy earthquake in 2016/2017. Even if the building experienced only a slight nonlinear behaviour, this comparison between the simulated and actual seismic response made it possible to validate the EF model, especially with reference to the capability in reproducing the amplification phenomena, which is extremely important for the assessment of structural and non‐structural components.
Burning material behaviour in hypoxic environments: An experimental study examining a representative storage arrangement of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyethylene bubble wrap, and cardboard layers as a composite system
Authors: Bray Robert John , Barton John , Madsen Dan , van Hees Patrick 
Published: June 2021

SummaryCone calorimeter and controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter experiments were conducted on various samples. The intent of the tests was to examine the behavior of uniform and composite samples in a range of thicknesses, irradiances, and oxygen concentrations. Single, uniform layers of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were compared to a composite mix, comprising of ABS with a surface layer of cardboard and a secondary layer of polyethylene bubble wrap (intended to represent a potential storage arrangement). The horizontal samples have been tested at irradiances of 25 and 50 kW/m2 and oxygen concentrations of 20.95%, 17%, and 15% to examine a range of significant variables. Results for the uniform arrangement indicated various correlations, previously observed in the works of others, such as the relationships typically described between applied heat flux, ignitability, heat release rate and the effect of the introduction of hypoxic conditions. However, results were shown to change significantly when samples were arranged to feature composite layers. A hypothesized cause of the behavioral change, namely the soot and char residual introduced from the incomplete combustion of the cardboard layer, highlights further important variables that require consideration in material testing under hypoxic conditions. Such variables, namely specific material behaviors and sample orientation, must be sufficiently captured in the design methodologies of systems reliant upon the introduction of hypoxic conditions. It is concluded that sufficiently capturing a wider range of variables in burning materials under hypoxic conditions will introduce further design resilience and help optimize fire protection/prevention methods.
Risk‐based area of review estimation in overpressured reservoirs to support injection well storage facility permit requirements for CO2storage projects
Authors: Burton‐Kelly Matthew E. , Azzolina Nicholas A. , Connors Kevin C. , Peck Wesley D. , Nakles David V. , Jiang Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a workflow for delineating a risk‐based area of review (AOR) to support a US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Class VI permit for a carbon dioxide (CO2) storage project. The approach combines semianalytical solutions for estimating formation fluid leakage through a hypothetical leaky wellbore with the results of physics‐based numerical reservoir simulations. The workflow is demonstrated using a case study for a hypothetical 180,000‐metric‐ton‐per‐year storage project located in the Plains CO2Reduction (PCOR) Partnership region, which includes all or part of 10 states in the United States and four Canadian provinces. Under the scenario where the leaky wellbore is open to a saline aquifer (thief zone) between the overlying seal (cap rock) and the underground sources of drinking water (USDW), the risk‐based AOR is no larger than the areal extent of the CO2plume in the storage reservoir because the pressure buildup in the storage reservoir beyond the CO2plume is insufficient to drive formation fluids up a hypothetical leaky wellbore into the USDW. However, even under the conservative assumption that the leaky wellbore is not open to a thief zone, the incremental leakage beyond the areal extent of the CO2plume is less than 400 m3over 20 years. The approach outlined in this paper is designed to be protective of USDWs and comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act requirements and provisions for the EPA Class VI Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program (Class VI Rule) and North Dakota Administrative Code Chapter 43‐05‐01. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opioid use patterns in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiation therapy: Single‐institution retrospective analysis characterizing patients who did not require opioid therapy
Authors: Rich Benjamin J. , Schumacher Leif‐Erik D. , Sargi Zoukaa B. , Masforroll Melissa , Kwon Deukwoo , Zhao Wei , Rueda‐Lara Maria A. , Freedman Laura M. , Elsayyad Nagy , Samuels Stuart E. , Abramowitz Matthew C. , Samuels Michael A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe had previously analyzed the variables that determine the rates of opioid use at 1‐year postradiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Here we analyze the variables associated with opioid abstinence during and in the 12 months after radiotherapy at our institution.MethodsWe identified a cohort of patients with head and neck cancer who received radiotherapy as part of curative treatment at our institution. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine socioeconomic and clinical factors associated with opioid abstinence.ResultsThe cohort included 376 patients. On multivariable analysis, patients from an upper‐income class (p = 0.004), black race (p = 0.004), older (p = 0.008), with dependent children (p < 0.001) or receiving surgery (p = 0.002) were more likely to abstain from opioids, while patients using analgesic mouthwash (p = 0.009) or higher pain scale (p = 0.002) were less likely.ConclusionSocioeconomic and treatment characteristics are associated with opioid abstinence during and following radiation treatment in patients with head and neck cancer.
Examining Readers’ Critical Literature Circle Discussions ofLooking for Alaska
Authors: Chisholm James S. , Cook Mike P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPromising approaches to transforming English language arts classrooms into dialogic, democratic, and critical spaces for literature discussions involve the selection of compelling young adult literature (YAL) and the use of student‐centered discussion strategies (e.g., literature circles). Scholars have demonstrated, however, the shortcomings of YAL and literature circles for interrogating sociopolitical content in literary texts and society. Drawing on a framework for critical literature circle roles, the authors examined how 23 undergraduate readers leveraged these roles to engage in critical conversations as they discussed John Green’s YA novel,Looking for Alaska. A qualitative, inductive analysis of discussion transcripts revealed how participants interrogated the text and society, especially in relation to gender stereotypes, and identified but also enacted stereotypes about culture and youth. Implications call for explicit support for readers in trying on critical literature circle roles and engaging in dialogic interactions that promote critical consciousness with YAL.