bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Nano‐Cr/Mn Composite Metal Oxides‐SBA‐15 Material and Its Catalytic Performance in Aerobic Oxidations of Benzyl Alcohols
Authors: Fu Tangming , Yang Ning , Hu Jiawen , Qiao Minglong , Li Chunmei , Qi Chenze , Shen Zhenlu , Zhang Furen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mesoporous silica SAB‐15 material and a series of nano‐composite bimetal oxides‐SBA‐15 materials are synthesized. The oxidation of various benzyl alcohols to aromatic aldehydes has been studied using nano‐composite bimetal oxides‐SBA‐15 materials as catalysts in air. The results indicate that the CrMnOx‐SBA‐15 material can promote the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to aromatic aldehydes with excellent yields smoothly. The microstructure and morphology of SBA‐15 and CrMnOx‐SBA‐15 materials are characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, respectively. In addition, the UHRTEM images, EDS image mapping, and the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of CrMnOx‐SBA‐15 material also are characterized, which indicate the structure of the catalyst is advantageous to improve its catalytic activity.
Seshadri constants on principally polarized abelian surfaces with real multiplication
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Schmidt Maximilian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeshadri constants on abelian surfaces are fully understood in the case of Picard number one. Little is known so far for simple abelian surfaces of higher Picard number. In this paper we investigate principally polarized abelian surfaces with real multiplication. They are of Picard number two and might be considered the next natural case to be studied. The challenge is to not only determine the Seshadri constants of individual line bundles, but to understand the whole Seshadri function on these surfaces. Our results show on the one hand that this function is surprisingly complex: on surfaces with real multiplication in $$\mathbb {Z}[\sqrt{e}]$$

Z
[

e

]

it consists of linear segments that are never adjacent to each other—it behaves like the Cantor function. On the other hand, we prove that the Seshadri function is invariant under an infinite group of automorphisms, which shows that it does have interesting regular behavior globally.
The augmented radiologist: artificial intelligence in the practice of radiology
Authors: Sorantin Erich , Grasser Michael G. , Hemmelmayr Ariane , Tschauner Sebastian , Hrzic Franko , Weiss Veronika , Lacekova Jana , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn medicine, particularly in radiology, there are great expectations in artificial intelligence (AI), which can “see” more than human radiologists in regard to, for example, tumor size, shape, morphology, texture and kinetics — thus enabling better care by earlier detection or more precise reports. Another point is that AI can handle large data sets in high-dimensional spaces. But it should not be forgotten that AI is only as good as the training samples available, which should ideally be numerous enough to cover all variants. On the other hand, the main feature of human intelligence is content knowledge and the ability to find near-optimal solutions. The purpose of this paper is to review the current complexity of radiology working places, to describe their advantages and shortcomings. Further, we give an AI overview of the different types and features as used so far. We also touch on the differences between AI and human intelligence in problem-solving. We present a new AI type, labeled “explainable AI,” which should enable a balance/cooperation between AI and human intelligence — thus bringing both worlds in compliance with legal requirements. For support of (pediatric) radiologists, we propose the creation of an AI assistant that augments radiologists and keeps their brain free for generic tasks.
Modeling of single cell cancer transformation using phase transition theory: application of the Avrami equation
Authors: Fornalski Krzysztof W. , Dobrzyński Ludwik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe nucleation and growth theory, described by the Avrami equation (also called Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov equation), and usually used to describe crystallization and nucleation processes in condensed matter physics, was applied in the present paper to cancer physics. This can enhance the popular multi-hit model of carcinogenesis to volumetric processes of single cell’s DNA neoplastic transformation. The presented approach assumes the transforming system as a DNA chain including many oncogenic mutations. Finally, the probability function of the cell’s cancer transformation is directly related to the number of oncogenic mutations. This creates a universal sigmoidal probability function of cancer transformation of single cells, as observed in the kinetics of nucleation and growth, a special case of a phase transition process. The proposed model, which represents a different view on the multi-hit carcinogenesis approach, is tested on clinical data concerning gastric cancer. The results also show that cancer transformation follows DNA fractal geometry.
Mastication after craniotomy: pilot assessment of postoperative oral health-related quality of life
Authors: Gierthmuehlen Mortimer , Jarc Nadja , Plachta Dennis T. T. , Schmoor Claudia , Scheiwe Christian , Gierthmuehlen Petra Christine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background

Neurosurgical approaches to the brain often require the mobilization of the temporal muscle. Many patients complain of postoperative pain, atrophy, reduced mouth opening, and masticatory problems. Although the pterional, frontolateral-extended-pterional, and temporal craniotomies are the most frequently used approaches in neurosurgery, a systematic assessment of the postoperative oral health-related quality of life has never been performed so far. This study evaluates the oral health-related quality of life of patients after pterional, frontolateral-extended-pterional, or temporal craniotomy using a validated and standardized dental questionnaire, compares the results with the normal values of the general population, and investigates whether this questionnaire is sensitive to changes caused by surgical manipulation of the temporal muscle.

Methods
The “Oral Health Impact Profile” (OHIP14) is a validated questionnaire to assess the oral health-related quality of life. It asks the patients to assess their oral health situation within the past 7 days in 14 questions. Possible answers range from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Sixty patients with benign intracranial processes operated through a lateral cranial approach were included. The questionnaire was answered before surgery (baseline) and 3 months and 15 months after surgery.

Results
Overall, postoperative OHIP scores increase significantly after 3 months and decrease after 15 months, but not to preoperative values. No factors can be identified which show a considerable relationship with the postoperative OHIP score.

Conclusions
Postoperative impairment of mouth opening and pain during mastication can be observed 3 to 15 months after surgery and sometimes cause feedback from patients and their dentists. However, in line with existing literature, these complaints decrease with time. The study shows that the OHIP questionnaire is sensitive to changes caused by surgical manipulation of the temporal muscle and can therefore be used to investigate the influence of surgical techniques on postoperative complaints. Postoperatively, patients show worse OHIP scores than the general population, demonstrating that neurosurgical cranial approaches negatively influence the patient’s oral health-related wellbeing. Larger studies using the OHIP questionnaire should evaluate if postoperative physical therapy, speech therapy, or specialized rehabilitation devices can improve the masticatory impairment after craniotomy.

Trial registration

Clinical trial register: DRKS00011096.
Unique functions for Notch4 in murine embryonic lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Muley Ajit , Kim Uh Minji , Salazar-De Simone Glicella , Swaminathan Bhairavi , James Jennifer M. , Murtomaki Aino , Youn Seock Won , McCarron Joseph D. , Kitajewski Chris , Gnarra Buethe Maria , Riitano Gloria , Mukouyama Yoh-suke , Kitajewski Jan , Shawber Carrie J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn mice, embryonic dermal lymphatic development is well understood and used to study gene functions in lymphangiogenesis. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that modulates cell fate decisions, which has been shown to both inhibit and promote dermal lymphangiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate distinct roles for Notch4 signaling versus canonical Notch signaling in embryonic dermal lymphangiogenesis. Actively growing embryonic dermal lymphatics expressed NOTCH1, NOTCH4, and DLL4 which correlated with Notch activity. In lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), DLL4 activation of Notch induced a subset of Notch effectors and lymphatic genes, which were distinctly regulated by Notch1 and Notch4 activation. Treatment of LECs with VEGF-A or VEGF-C upregulated Dll4 transcripts and differentially and temporally regulated the expression of Notch1 and Hes/Hey genes. Mice nullizygous for Notch4 had an increase in the closure of the lymphangiogenic fronts which correlated with reduced vessel caliber in the maturing lymphatic plexus at E14.5 and reduced branching at E16.5. Activation of Notch4 suppressed LEC migration in a wounding assay significantly more than Notch1, suggesting a dominant role for Notch4 in regulating LEC migration. Unlike Notch4 nulls, inhibition of canonical Notch signaling by expressing a dominant negative form of MAML1 (DNMAML) in Prox1+ LECs led to increased lymphatic density consistent with an increase in LEC proliferation, described for the loss of LEC Notch1. Moreover, loss of Notch4 did not affect LEC canonical Notch signaling. Thus, we propose that Notch4 signaling and canonical Notch signaling have distinct functions in the coordination of embryonic dermal lymphangiogenesis.
Cooperative and axiomatic approaches to the knapsack allocation problem
Authors: Arribillaga R. Pablo , Bergantiños G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the knapsack problem a group of agents want to fill a knapsack with several goods. Two issues must be considered. The first is to decide optimally what goods to select for the knapsack. This issue has been studied in many papers in the literature on Operations Research and Management Science. The second issue is to divide the total revenue among the agents. This issue has been studied in only a few papers, and this is one of them. For each knapsack problem we consider three associated cooperative games. One of them (the pessimistic game) has already been considered in the literature. The other two (realistic and optimistic games) are defined in this paper. The pessimistic and realistic games have non-empty cores but the core of the optimistic game could be empty. We then follow the axiomatic approach. We propose two rules: The first is based on the optimal solution of the knapsack problem. The second is the Shapley value of the so called optimistic game. We offer axiomatic characterizations of both rules.
AlphaPilot: autonomous drone racing
Authors: Foehn Philipp , Brescianini Dario , Kaufmann Elia , Cieslewski Titus , Gehrig Mathias , Muglikar Manasi , Scaramuzza Davide 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel system for autonomous, vision-based drone racing combining learned data abstraction, nonlinear filtering, and time-optimal trajectory planning. The system has successfully been deployed at the first autonomous drone racing world championship: the 2019 AlphaPilot Challenge. Contrary to traditional drone racing systems, which only detect the next gate, our approach makes use of any visible gate and takes advantage of multiple, simultaneous gate detections to compensate for drift in the state estimate and build a global map of the gates. The global map and drift-compensated state estimate allow the drone to navigate through the race course even when the gates are not immediately visible and further enable to plan a near time-optimal path through the race course in real time based on approximate drone dynamics. The proposed system has been demonstrated to successfully guide the drone through tight race courses reaching speeds up to $${8}\,{\hbox {m}/\hbox {s}}$$

8

m
/
s

and ranked second at the 2019 AlphaPilot Challenge.
Some Spanners in the Works of Grounding Mechanisms Removed
Authors: Stenwall Robin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper I address two concerns with Kelly Trogdon’sgrounding mechanism view, i.e. the idea that metaphysical explanation can be modeled on causal-mechanical explanation. The first concern threatens to undermine the unity that grounding-mechanical explanations imposes on metaphysical explanation; and the second concern requires the grounding mechanic to put forth a formal condition on grounding-mechanical models. After having discussed both of these, I provide a solution to the first and argue that the second concern is unwarranted.
Water-accessibility of interfibrillar spaces in spruce wood cell walls
Authors: Penttilä Paavo A. , Zitting Aleksi , Lourençon Tainise , Altgen Michael , Schweins Ralf , Rautkari Lauri 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Water interactions and accessibility of the nanoscale components of plant cell walls influence their properties and processability in relation to many applications. We investigated the water-accessibility of nanoscale pores within the fibrillar structures of unmodified Norway spruce cell walls by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The different sensitivity of SANS to hydrogenated ($$\hbox {H}_2\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

) and deuterated water ($$\hbox {D}_2\hbox {O}$$

D
2

O

) was utilized to follow the exchange kinetics of water among cellulose microfibrils. FTIR spectroscopy was used to study the time-dependent re-exchange of OD groups to OH in wood samples transferred from liquid $$\hbox {D}_2\hbox {O}$$

D
2

O

to $$\hbox {H}_2\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

. In addition, the effects of drying on the nanoscale structure and its water-accessibility were addressed by comparing SANS results and the kinetics of water exchange between never-dried and dried/rewetted wood samples. The results of the kinetic analyses allowed to identify two processes with different timescales. The diffusion-driven exchange of water in the spaces between microfibrils, which was observed with both SANS and FTIR, takes place within minutes and rather homogeneously. The second, slower process appeared only in the OD/OH re-exchange followed by FTIR, and it still continued after several weeks of immersion in $$\hbox {H}_2\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

. SANS could not detect any significant difference between the never-dried and dried/rewetted samples, whereas FTIR revealed a small portion of OD groups that resisted the re-exchange and this portion became larger with drying.

Graphic abstract
The Ways of Presentness
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano , Cassaghi Daniele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe idea that the present moment is in some sense experientially privileged has been used in variousarguments from presentnessin favour of the existence of an objective present. Roughly speaking, in the literature we find two different approaches. Either by having an experience of something present we are aware of it as present (perceptual presentness), or by having an experience located in the present we are aware of our experience as present (locational presentness). While the various ways of understanding presentness can be used to formulate different arguments in favour of the existence of an objective present, none of them is ultimately tenable. Eventually, our conclusions will suggest that eliminativism is the best attitude towards presentness.
The politics of piracy: political ideology and the usage of pirated online media
Authors: Graf-Vlachy Lorenz , Goyal Tarun , Ouardi Yannick , König Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is a lack of clarity in information systems research on which factors lead people to use or not use technologies of varying degrees of perceived legality. To address this gap, we use arguments from the information systems and political ideology literatures to theorize on the influence of individuals’ political ideologies on online media piracy. Specifically, we hypothesize that individuals with a more conservative ideology, and thus lower openness to experience and higher conscientiousness, generally engage in less online media piracy. We further hypothesize that this effect is stronger for online piracy technology that is legally ambiguous. Using clickstream data from 3873 individuals in the U.S., we find that this effect in fact exists only for online media piracy technologies that are perceived as legally ambiguous. Specifically, more conservative individuals, who typically have lower ambiguity intolerance, use (legal but ambiguously perceived) pirated streaming websites less, while there is no difference for the (clearly illegal) use of pirated file sharing websites.
A novel posttranslational modification of histone, H3 S-sulfhydration, is down-regulated in asthenozoospermic sperm
Authors: Qi Qi , Pan Hongjie , Jiang Ning , Zhang Meixin , Sun Shenfei , Wan Xiaofeng , Zhang Fangxi , Zhang Lingling , Diao Hua , Wang Jian , Li Runsheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOxidative stress is one of the major causes leading to male infertility including asthenozoospermia. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been widely recognized to be a potent antioxidant whose role is partially implemented by protein S-sulfhydration. However, protein S-sulfhydration has not been reported in germ cells. Therefore, we investigated whether asthenozoospermia could be associated with sperm protein S-sulfhydration. S-sulfhydrated proteins in human sperm were enriched via biotin-switch assay and analyzed using LC-MS/MS spectrometry. Two hundred forty-four S-sulfhydrated proteins were identified. Importantly, we validated that sperm histones H3.1 and H3.3 were the S-sulfhydrated proteins. Their S-sulfhydrated amino acid residue was Cysteine111. Abundances of S-sulfhydrated H3 (sH3) and S-sulfhydrated H3.3 (sH3.3) were significantly down-regulated in asthenozoospermic sperm, compared with the fertile controls, and were significantly correlated with progressive motility. Retinoic acid (RA) up-regulated level of sH3.3 in primary round spermatids and the C18-4 cells (a mouse spermatogonial stem cell line). Overexpression of the mutant H3.3 (Cysteine111 was replaced with serine) affected expression of 759 genes and raised growth rate of C18-4 cells. For the first time, S-sulfhydration H3 and H3.3 were demonstrated in the present study. Our results highlight that aberrant S-sulfhydration of H3 is a new pathophysiological basis in male infertility.
Examining Individual Differences in Social Reward Valuation: a Person-Based Approach
Authors: Smeijers Danique , Uzieblo Kasia , Glennon Jeffrey C. , Driessen Josi M. A. , Brazil Inti A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSocial reward refers to the motivational and pleasurable aspects of our interactions with other people. While some people experience social encounters as pleasurable, others experience them as aversive. However, the current knowledge on individual differences in social reward valuation in relation to pro- and antisocial personality characteristics is limited. The Social Reward Questionnaire (SRQ) was developed to assess individual differences in the value of different types of social rewards. First, the present study examined the validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the SRQ in a Dutch and Flemish community sample (N = 1892). Second, using latent profile analysis (LPA), it was investigated whether subgroups of participants existed with distinctive patterns of social reward valuation, and whether these subgroups differed in their level of psychopathic traits, aggression, and social anxiety. The results confirmed the original six-factor structure and showed good reliability and validity. The LPA identified four classes of individuals, labelled as: Low Social Interest, High Social Interest, Undifferentiated Social Reward-seekers, and Socially Cruel. These classes were further typified by distinct levels of psychopathy, reactive and proactive aggression, and social anxiety. The present findings contribute to our understanding of individual variability in the underlying motives of social behaviors.
Explaining Prosocial Behavior from the Inter-and Within-Individual Perspectives: A Role of Positive Orientation and Positive Affect
Authors: Laguna Mariola , De Longis Evelina , Mazur-Socha Zofia , Alessandri Guido 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProsocial behavior is undertaken voluntarily to benefit others and includes a range of actions, such as helping, sharing, caring, and comforting. Our study concerned psychological mechanisms stimulating prosocial behavior explaining it from both the within-individual (daily fluctuations) and inter-individual (individual differences) perspectives. We tested a model in which positive orientation and positive affect directly predict within-individual variability in prosocial behavior and in which positive affect mediates the relationship between positive orientation and daily prosocial behavior. These two-level mediation mechanisms were investigated using an intensive longitudinal study design with seven daily measurements on a sample of 181 undergraduates and 1119 daily observations. The results confirm that, with personality traits, sex, and prosocial behavior during the previous day adjusted for, inter- and within-individual variability in positive orientation predict daily prosocial behavior. Inter-individual variability in positive affect is a significant predictor of prosocial behavior and a mediator between positive orientation and daily prosocial behavior. No such mediation mechanism was detected for within-individual variability in positive affect. These results suggest several recommendations on how to stimulate prosocial behavior. By stimulating the general tendency to cultivate positive affective experiences and to view life in a positive light, it may be possible to prepare people to notice and respond to the needs of others.
On the Stochastic Magnus Expansion and Its Application to SPDEs
Authors: Kamm Kevin , Pagliarani Stefano , Pascucci Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe derive the stochastic version of the Magnus expansion for linear systems of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The main novelty with respect to the related literature is that we consider SDEs in the Itô sense, with progressively measurable coefficients, for which an explicit Itô-Stratonovich conversion is not available. We prove convergence of the Magnus expansion up to a stopping time$$\tau $$τand provide a novel asymptotic estimate of the cumulative distribution function of$$\tau $$τ. As an application, we propose a new method for the numerical solution of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) based on spatial discretization and application of the stochastic Magnus expansion. A notable feature of the method is that it is fully parallelizable. We also present numerical tests in order to asses the accuracy of the numerical schemes.