bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GABAB Receptors Constrain Glutamate Presynaptic Release and Postsynaptic Actions in Substantia Gelatinosa of Rat Spinal Cord
Authors: Zhao Mingwei , Dong Jiaxue , Shao Caifeng , Chen Qian , Ma Rui , Jiang Ping , Zhang Wei-Ning , Yang Kun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The substantia gelatinosa (SG, lamina II of spinal cord gray matter) is pivotal for modulating nociceptive information from the peripheral to the central. γ-Aminobutyric acid type B receptors (GABABRs), the metabotropic GABA receptor subtype, are widely expressed in pre- and postsynaptic structures of the SG neurons. Activation of GABABRs by exogeneous agonists induces both pre- and postsynaptic inhibitions. However, the actions of endogenous GABA via presynaptic GABABRs on glutamatergic synapses, and the postsynaptic GABABRs interaction with glutamate, remain elusive. In the present study, first, using in vitro whole cell recordings and taking minimal stimulation strategies, we found that in rat spinal cord glutamatergic synapses, blockade of presynaptic GABABRs switched “silent” synapses into active ones and increased the probability of glutamate release onto SG neurons; increasing ambient GABA concentration mimicked GABABRs activation on glutamatergic terminals. Next, using holographic photostimulation to uncage glutamate on postsynaptic SG neurons, we found that postsynaptic GABABRs modified glutamate-induced postsynaptic potentials. Taken together, our data identify that endogenous GABA heterosynaptically constrains glutamate release via persistently activating presynaptic GABABRs; and postsynaptically, GABABRs modulate glutamate responses. The results give new clues for endogenous GABA in modulating nociception circuit in spinal dorsal horn and shed fresh light on postsynaptic interaction of glutamate and GABA.
Microbiota of The Digestive Glands and Extrapallial Fluids of Clams Evolve Differently Over Time Depending On the Intertidal Position
Authors: Offret Clément , Gauthier Olivier , Despréaux Garance , Bidault Adeline , Corporeau Charlotte , Miner Philippe , Petton Bruno , Pernet Fabrice , Fabioux Caroline , Paillard Christine , Blay Gwenaelle Le 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is the second most exploited bivalve in the world but remains threatened by diseases and global changes. Their associated microbiota play a key role in their fitness and acclimation capacities. This study aimed at better understanding the behavior of clam digestive glands and extrapallial fluids microbiota at small, but contrasting spatial and temporal scales. Results showed that environmental variations impacted clam microbiota differently according to the considered tissue. Each clam tissue presented its own microbiota, and showed different dynamics according to the intertidal position and sampling period. Extrapallial fluids microbiota was modified more rapidly than digestive glands microbiota, for clams placed on the upper and lower intertidal position, respectively. Clam tissues could be considered as different microhabitats for bacteria as they presented different responses to small-scale temporal and spatial variabilities in natural conditions. These differences underlined a more stringent environmental filter capacity of the digestive glands.
Genotyping and Drug Resistance Profile of Clinical Isolates of Candida Albicans From Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in The Eastern China
Authors: Hong Nan , Lei Yan , Chen Huan , Chen Xiaofei , Tsui Kin Ming , Hu Danyang , Liao Wanqing , Yan Liang , Zhang Hong , Zhao Rongfen , Wu Gang , Yu Nong , Deng Shuwen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A total of 244 Candida albicans isolates recovered from VVC patients in Suzhou, Eastern China, were investigated. According to CLSI documents M27-A4 and M59-3ed / M60-2ed, the geometric mean MICs of nine antifungals in increasing order were micafungin(0.048mg/L), anidulafungin (0.132mg/L), caspofungin (0.19mg/L), itraconazole(0.23mg/L), posaconazole(0.25mg/L), voriconazole(0.28mg/L), 5-flucytosine (0.44mg/L), amphotericin B (0.49mg/L) and fluconazole (2.01 mg/L) respectively. Of note, 6.5% (16/244) C. albicans isolates showed resistance mainly to anidulafungin (mono-echinocandin resistance), while voriconazole had the lowest susceptibility rate of 34.8% (85/244), followed by fluconazole 59.4% (145/244), respectively. All isolates were genotyped by allelic combination of 3 microsatellite markers (CEF3, CAIII and LOC4). A total of 129 different allelic genotypes were identified, in which seven different clades were recognized with a discriminatory power of 0.96. Genotype A-D were present in 35% of the isolates. In conclusion, decrease of antifungal drug susceptibility to C. albicans isolates from VVC is alarming. Our findings revealed the genetic diversity of C. albicans isolates among VVC patients and provided insights into the molecular epidemiology of Candida infections in China.
Expression and Clinical Significance of IL-33 and its Receptor ST2 in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Liu Li , Han Fei , Zhao Linsheng , Du Juan , Zeng Huasong , Hu Jian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

To detect the expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its receptor ST2 in adenoids of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as well as to explore the significance of IL-33/ST2 in the disorder.
Methods

40 children undergoing adenoidectomy due to OSAS in the Otolaryngology of Tianjin Children’s Hospital were selected as the study subjects. The number of IL-33 and ST2 positive cells in adenoids was detected by immunohistochemical SP method.
Results

IL-33 positive cells were mainly distributed in the submucosa epithelium and vascular endothelium, and expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. While ST2 positive cells were primarily observed in the mucosa and expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, a little expression of intercellular substance. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of adenoids in the posterior nostril diameter and the number of IL-33 positive cells. The expression of IL-33 in adenoids was positively correlated with the level of ST2 (r = 0.809, P = 0.000). The expression of IL-33 in adenoids was positively correlated with the level of eosinophil granulocyte (r = 0.859, P = 0.000). Moreover, the expression of ST2 in adenoids was positively correlated with the level of eosinophil granulocyte (r = 0.814, P = 0.000). The number of IL-33 positive cells was significantly higher in moderate hypoxemia group than that in mild hypoxemia group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of ST2 positive cells between moderate hypoxemia group and mild hypoxemia group (P > 0.05).
Conclusions

Both IL-33 and its receptor ST2 were expressed in adenoids of OSAS children. The severity of airway obstruction caused by adenoid hypertrophy was positively correlated with the expression of IL-33.
Integrated Model for COVID-19 Diagnosis Based on Computed Tomography AI, and Clinical Features: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Kataoka Yuki , Kimura Yuya , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Matsuoka Yoshinori , Kumasawa Junji , Tochitatni Kentaro , Funakoshi Hiraku , Hosoda Tomohiro , Kugimiya Aiko , Shirano Michinori , Hamabe Fumiko , Iwata Sachiyo , Fukuma Shingo ,   Japan COVID-19 AI team
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background

We developed and validated a machine learning diagnostic model for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease, integrating artificial-intelligence-based computed tomography (CT) imaging and clinical features.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 11 Japanese tertiary care facilities that treated COVID-19 patients. Participants were tested using both real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chest CT between January 1 and May 30, 2020. We chronologically split the dataset in each hospital into training and test sets, containing patients in a 7:3 ratio. Light Gradient Boosting Machine model was used for analysis.
Results

A total of 703 patients were included with two models — the full model and the A-blood model — developed for their diagnosis. The A-blood model included eight variables (the Ali-M3 confidence, along with seven clinical features of blood counts and biochemistry markers). The areas under the receiver-operator curve of both models (0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86 to 0.95 for the full model and 0.90, 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.94 for the A-blood model) were better than that of the Ali-M3 confidence (0.78, 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.83) in the test set.
Conclusions

The A-blood model, a COVID-19 diagnostic model developed in this study, combines machine-learning and CT evaluation with blood test data and is better than the Ali-M3 framework existing for this purpose. This would significantly aid physicians in making a quicker diagnosis of COVID-19.
Top-Down Projections of the Prefrontal Cortex to the Ventral Tegmental Area, Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus, and Median Raphe Nucleus
Authors: Souza Rudieri , Bueno Debora , Lima Leandro B. , Gonçalves Luciano , Donato Jose , Shammah-Lagnado Sara J. , Metzger Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Anatomical and functional evidence suggests that the PFC is fairly unique among all cortical regions, as it not only receives input from, but also robustly projects back to mesopontine monoaminergic and cholinergic cell groups. Thus the PFC is in a position to exert a powerful top-down control over several state setting modulatory transmitter systems that are critically involved in the domains of arousal, motivation, reward/aversion, working memory, mood regulation, and stress processing. Regarding this scenario, the origin of cortical afferents to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg), and median raphe nucleus (MnR) was here compared, by using the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit b (CTb). CTb injections into VTA, LDTg, or MnR produced retrograde labeling in the cortical mantle, which was mostly confined to medial, orbital, and lateral PFC subdivisions, along with rostral and mid-cingulate areas. Remarkably, in all of the three groups, retrograde labeling was densest in layer V pyramidal neurons of the infralimbic, prelimbic, medial orbital and frontal polar cortex. Moreover, a conspicuous lambda-shaped region around the apex of the rostral pole of the nucleus accumbens stood consistently out as heavily labeled. At almost all rostrocaudal levels through the PFC analyzed, retrograde labeling was strongest following injections into MnR and weakest following injections into VTA. Altogether, our findings reveal a broadly similar set of prefrontal afferents to VTA, LDTg, and MnR, further supporting an eminent functional role of the PFC as a controller of all major state setting mesopontine modulatory transmitter systems.
Factors Associated with Anxiety-Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shekaili Muna Al , Huseini Salim Al , Al-Kalbani Yahya , Mirza Hassan , Chan Moon Fai , Hassan Waleed , Al-Sulimani Fatma , Ghafri Ghaniya Saif Al , Al-Sumri Hanan Saif , Amer Ahmed Bait , Ganesh Aishwarya , Saadoon Muna Al , Al-Adawi Samir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Reports from different parts of the world suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown and social distancing measures have heralded unprecedented mental health challenges among children and adolescents. To date, there is a dearth of studies emerging from the Arabian Gulf, where the majority of its population are children and adolescents. The study aims to examine the prevalence of anxiety-related disorders and their covariates among children and adolescents in an Arabian Gulf country, Oman.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytic study carried out over two weeks (1st to 15th of August 2020) during the COVID-19 pandemic across Oman. Parents were asked to complete the online survey, which consisted of the parent version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED-41) scale and questions regarding basic socio-demographic information. Logistic regression was used to identify the contributing variables associated with anxiety-related disorders.

RESULTS: A total of 790 children, 33.3% (n=263) fulfilled the criteria for anxiety-related disorders. Logistic regression analysis suggested that anxiety-related disorders in children were significantly associated with three demographic variables. The model shows that children with divorced or separated parents were 1.9 times more likely to have anxiety-related disorders than children of married couples (OR=1.93, p=0.035). Children living in families with an income below USD 1,000/month, were 1.8 times more likely to have anxiety-related disorders than a family with an income of USD 4,000/month (OR=1.833, p=0.018). Children in grades 3-6 were 1.8 times more likely to have anxiety-related disorders than those in grades 1-2 (OR=1.79, p=0.024).

CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety-related disorders are common among Arabic-speaking Omani children and adolescents. They are more likely to be reported in middle scholastic grade levels and children from families with marital discord and low socioeconomic status. It is not clear whether the presently observed rates of anxiety exceed the prevalence that would have been observed pre-COVID-19 era. More studies are therefore warranted using children and adolescents' self-reported scales.
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as reservoir of zoonotic yeasts: bioindicator of environmental quality
Authors: Rhimi Wafa , Sgroi Giovanni , Aneke Chioma Inyang , Annoscia Giada , Latrofa Maria Stefania , Mosca Adriana , Veneziano Vincenzo , Otranto Domenico , Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana , Cafarchia Claudia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Wildlife animals are recognized as reservoirs for zoonotic fungi and their faeces might play an important role in introducing pathogens into the environment. Thought wild boar (Sus scrofa) population has dramatically increased across Europe, information about their possible role in dissemination of zoonotic pathogenic yeasts in the environment is scant. Therefore, fecal samples (n=124) from wild boars from Campania region (Southern Italy) were collected and yeasts identified biochemically and molecularly by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and their phylogenetical relationship assessed. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeasts were also investigated using AFST-EUCAST method. Yeasts were isolated from 50.1% of the samples with the highest occurrence in samples from the province of Salerno (61.1%). A total of 368 Candida strains belonging to nine species were identified, with Candida albicans (45.7%), followed by Candida krusei (15.2 %), Candida slooffiae (9.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (7.6%) as the most prevalent identified species. Among C. albicans four sequence types (i.e., ST1-ST4) were identified with an intraspecific nucleotide difference up to 0.21%. The ML tree grouped all representative sequence types as paraphyletic clades with those of the references yeast species, respectively and supported by high bootstrap values. Fluconazole was the less active drug whereas, posaconazole, voriconazole, and isavuconazole the most active one. No resistance phenomena were observed for C. albicans and high MICs values for 5FC, azoles and echinocandines were registered in non-albicans Candida spp. This study showed, for the first time, the important role of wild boars in dissemination of pathogenic fungi in the environment. The absence of resistance phenomena in the Candida spp. might reflect environmental free from residues of azoles antifungals pollution or chemicals and suggests the role of wild boar as bio indicators of environment quality.
Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate the molecular target and mechanism of Jiawei Linggui Zhugan decoction in the treatment of obesity
Authors: Wang Ning , Chen Hongda , Ye Zhiyu , Cao Nan , Mo Binyan , Qin Jian , Tan Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Jiawei Ling Gui Zhu Gan Decoction (JW-LZD) is based on Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LZD) and adds eight traditional Chinese medicines: Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Yam, Epimedium, Morinda officinalis, Tangerine Peel, Pinellia ternata and Coix Seed, which can be used for the treatment of obesity in the clinical. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of JW-LZD remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we determined the molecular targets and mechanismsinvolved in obesity treatment through network pharmacological analysis, andmolecular docking technology. Related compounds were obtained from the TCMSP.Oral bioavailability and drug-likeness were screened using pharmacokinetic criteria.Molecular targets were identified in the drug-bank database and compared withobesity disease differential genes with P < 0.05 and ∣ log2FC > 0.5 obtained in theGEO-database to obtain cross genes and construct the TCM compound diseaseregulation network. After constructing PPI, Go, and KEGG analyses, the key activecomponents and target genes were selected. Molecular docking was carried out usingAutoDock, and the best binding target was selected to select the best binding targetfor molecular docking.Results: A total of 248 potential compounds and 30 strongly associated JW-LZDtargets were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that putative JW-LZDtargets mostly participated in adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptorsignaling, adrenergic receptor signaling, regulation of signal receptor activity,coagulation, and other metabolic related biological processes. The molecular dockingresults showed that the key JW-LZD components have good potential to combine withthe target genes ADRB2, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, CHEK1, CHEK2, and DGAT2.Conclusion: JW-LZD could prevent obesity through the molecular mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology, providing a way to develop new combination medicines for obesity.
RNIC-A Retrospect Network for image captioning
Authors: YI XIU LONG , FU YOU , ZHENG DU LEI , LIU XIAO PENG , HUA RONG 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As cross-domain research combining computer vision and natural language processing, the current image captioning research mainly considers how to improve the visual features, less attention has been paid to utilizing the inherent properties of language to boost captioning performance. Facing this challenge, we proposed a textual attention mechanism, which can obtain semantic relevance between words by scanning all generated words. The Retrospect Network for image captioning(RNIC) proposed in this paper aims to improve input and prediction process by using textual attention. Concretely, the textual attention mechanism is applied to the model simultaneously with the visual attention mechanism to provide the input of the model with the maximum information required for generating captions. In this way, our model can learn to collaboratively attend on both visual and textual features. Moreover, the semantic relevance between words obtained by retrospect is used as the basis for prediction, so that the decoder can simulate the human language system and better make predictions based on the already generated contents. We evaluate the effectiveness of our model on the COCO image captioning datasets and achieve superior performance overthe previous methods.extraction function to extract the hidden unit information of multiple time steps for prediction, to solve the problem of insufficient LSTM prediction information. Experiments have shown that both model significantly improved the various evaluation indicators in the AI CHALLENGER test set.
Strategies deemed important by frontline healthcare providers for their mental wellbeing during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alabdulla Majid , wadoo ovais , Iqbal Yousaf , Chandrappa Nirvana Swamy Kudlur , Chandra Prem , Masoodi Naseer Ahmed , Al-Maslamani Muna A Rahman S , Latoo Javed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We conducted a content analysis of free-text comments of a web-based survey during the first wave of Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic. The objective was to understand participants’ emotional experiences and identify their valued aspects of support to inform potential mitigation strategies. This study was part of a larger project; a cross-sectional, web-based survey of healthcare workers managing suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in Qatar. A total of 779 staff members were invited to participate in this study and 286 (36.7 %) responded. Extracts and phrases were used to identify potential themes, with relevant ‘quotes’ gathered within identified themes in keeping with best practice qualitative methodology. The results indicate that strategies around infection control practice, personal protective equipment, SARS-CoV-2 testing, workload, financial compensation, religion, psychological support and engaged leadership are deemed important by frontline healthcare workers to maintain their mental wellbeing.
Characterization of Nanog Gene Involved in the Gonadal Development in Pearlscale Angelfish (Centropyge Vrolikii)
Authors: Zhong Zhao-wei , Xu Yan , Feng Yan , Ao Lu-lu , Jiang Yonghua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Nanog plays crucial roles in the embryonic/gonadal development and maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), interacting with transcription factors such as Oct4 and Sox2 in mammals. Nevertheless, knowledge of its exact pathways to molecular mechanism remains weak in teleosts, and unexploited in Pearlscale angelfish Centropyge vrolikii. The role of Nanog in the gonadal development and sex reversal of C. vrolikii is worth focusing. In this study, we isolated and characterized a Nanog homolog in C. vrolikii named as Cv-Nanog to understand the expression pattern of the gonadal development. The full-length cDNA sequence of Cv-Nanog was 2,136 bp in length and encodes a homeodomain protein of 436 amino acid residues. The analysis of phylogeny, the gene structure and western blot provided the evidence that Cv-Nanog was homologous to Nanog gene of mammalian. The protein sequence comparison demonstrated that Cv-Nanog shared the high similarity with orthologs of other vertebrates in the conserved homeodomain. The analysis of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot showed that Cv-Nanog was maternally expressed detectable merely in gonads, and the expression was significantly high in ovaries than in testis. In situ hybridization revealed that the transcripts were located in the cytoplasm and membrane of the oocytes in ovaries, and in the testis, Cv-Nanog mRNA expression was weakly expressed in sertoli cells, but highly expressed in germ cells. After overexpression of Cv-Nanog, the expression levels of pluripotent factors Sox2 and Oct4 increased significantly with 21.5-fold and 12.2-fold, respectively. At the same time, the TGF-beta signaling pathway was activated, and the gonadal cells’ growth was promoted, and the expression of ovary-bias genes Cyp19a and Foxl2 was up-regulated, the expression of testis-bias genes Sox9 and Dmrt1 was down-regulated, and finally the ovarian development was promoted. These results implied that Nanog gene may play a crucial role in the process of gonadal development and sexual reversion in C. vrolikii. This study is helpful to further understand the molecular regulatory mechanism of Nanog, also provides important clues for the future studies in gonadal development.