bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Analysis of Cerebrovascular Lesions Associated With Aging
Authors: Dallaire-Théroux Caroline , Saikali Stephan , Richer Maxime , Potvin Olivier , Duchesne Simon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) has been associated with cognitive impairment. Yet, our understanding of vascular contribution to cognitive decline has been limited by heterogeneity of definitions and assessment, as well as its occurrence in cognitively healthy aging. Therefore, we aimed to establish the natural progression of CVD associated with aging. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 63 cognitively healthy participants aged 19–84 years selected through the histological archives of the CHU de Québec. Assessment of CVD lesions was performed independently by 3 observers blinded to clinical data using the Vascular Cognitive Impairment Neuropathology Guidelines (VCING). We found moderate to almost perfect interobserver agreement for most regional CVD scores. Atherosclerosis (ρ = 0.758) and arteriolosclerosis (ρ = 0.708) showed the greatest significant association with age, followed by perivascular hemosiderin deposits (ρ = 0.432) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; ρ = 0.392). Amyloid and tau pathologies were both associated with higher CVD load, but only CAA remained significantly associated with amyloid plaques after controlling for age. Altogether, these findings support the presence of multiple CVD lesions in the brains of cognitively healthy adults, the burden of which increases with age and can be quantified in a reproducible manner using standardized histological scales such as the VCING.
Beyond Home Bias: International Portfolio Holdings and Information Heterogeneity
Authors: De Marco Filippo , Macchiavelli Marco , Valchev Rosen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We show that international portfolios reflect the underlying heterogeneity in investors’ beliefs. Using data on the foreign sovereign debt holdings of European banks matched with their forecasts on future bond yields, we find that expecting higher returns and having more accurate forecasts are associated with larger bond holdings. Crucially, the elasticity of portfolio holdings to expected returns is increasing in the precision of the forecast, implying that investors optimally exploit comparative advantages in information production. We rationalize the results in a model in which partial information specialization arises endogenously by introducing a degree of unlearnable uncertainty about asset payoffs.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Maladaptive self-focused attention and default mode network connectivity: a transdiagnostic investigation across social anxiety and body dysmorphic disorders
Authors: Fang Angela , Baran Bengi , Beatty Clare C , Mosley Jennifer , Feusner Jamie D , Phan K Luan , Wilhelm Sabine , Manoach Dara S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Maladaptive self-focused attention (SFA) is a bias toward internal thoughts, feelings and physical states. Despite its role as a core maintaining factor of symptoms in cognitive theories of social anxiety and body dysmorphic disorders (BDDs), studies have not examined its neural basis. In this study, we hypothesized that maladaptive SFA would be associated with hyperconnectivity in the default mode network (DMN) in self-focused patients with these disorders. Thirty patients with primary social anxiety disorder or primary BDD and 28 healthy individuals were eligible and scanned. Eligibility was determined by scoring greater than 1SD or below 1SD of the Public Self-Consciousness Scale normative mean, respectively, for each group. Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity was computed using a DMN posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) seed. There was no evidence of increased DMN functional connectivity in patients compared to controls. Patients (regardless of diagnosis) showed reduced functional connectivity of the PCC with several brain regions, including the bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL), compared to controls, which was inversely correlated with maladaptive SFA but not associated with social anxiety, body dysmorphic, depression severity or rumination. Abnormal PCC-SPL connectivity may represent a transdiagnostic neural marker of SFA that reflects difficulty shifting between internal versus external attention.
The record ofTorosaurus(Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) in Canada and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Mallon Jordan C , Holmes Robert B , Bamforth Emily L , Schumann Dirk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe horned dinosaur genus Torosaurus has a challenging history, relating both to its geographic distribution and taxonomy. Whereas Torosaurus has been reported from Upper Maastrichtian deposits in Canada, which would mark the northernmost range of the genus, recent work has questioned the generic identity of the implicated material, which primarily consists of a pair of cranial frills. Perhaps more problematically, the validity of the genus itself has been a subject of recent debate, with some arguing that Torosaurus is simply a skeletally mature growth form of the contemporaneous Triceratops. In this study, we describe and illustrate the relevant frill material from Canada, and determine that it is most plausibly attributable to the Torosaurus morph. Moreover, we apply for the first time osteohistological sampling to some postcranial material associated with one of the frills, and find that the animal was still growing at the time of death. This finding, in addition to other considerations presented here, leads us to conclude that Torosaurus is a valid genus, and is not simply a mature growth form of Triceratops.
Civilian Ballistic Femoral Shaft Fractures Compared With Blunt Femur Shaft Fractures
Authors: Patch David A. , Levitt Eli B. , Andrews Nicholas A. , Heatherly Alex R. , Bonner Henry V. , Halstrom Jared R. , Watson Jared B. , Spitler Clay A. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To assess ballistic femoral shaft fracture outcomes in comparison with closed and open femoral shaft fractures sustained by blunt mechanisms. We hypothesized that ballistic femoral shaft fractures would have similar outcomes to blunt open fractures.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Academic Level I trauma center.

Participants:
Patients 16 years and older presenting with ballistic (140), blunt closed (317), or blunt open (71) femoral shaft fractures.

Main Outcomes:
Unplanned return to operating room, fracture-related infection, soft tissue reconstruction, nonunion, implant failure, length of stay, Injury Severity Scores, hospital charges, and compartment syndrome.

Results:
A total of 528 femoral shaft fractures were identified. A group of 140 ballistic fractures and comparison groups of all femoral shaft fractures sustained by blunt mechanisms and treated with intramedullary nailing were included in the analysis. Among the 2 subgroups of nonballistic injuries, 317 were blunt closed fractures and 71 were blunt open fractures. The ballistic group was associated with a 3-fold increase in overall complications (30%) compared with the blunt closed group (10%, P < 0.001), had a higher occurrence of thigh compartment syndrome (P < 0.001), and required more soft tissue reconstruction (P < 0.001) than either of the blunt fracture groups.

Conclusions:
Ballistic femoral shaft fractures do not perfectly fit with blunt closed or open femoral fractures. A high index of suspicion for the development of thigh compartment syndrome should be maintained in ballistic femoral shaft fractures. The overall rates of nonunion and infection were comparable between all groups, but the all-cause complication rate was significantly higher in the ballistic group compared with the blunt closed group.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Extra-articular Unstable Iliac Fractures: Associated Injuries, Fixation Strategies, and Outcomes
Authors: Stevens Nicole M. , Tyler Andrew F. , Boyce Robert H. , Mitchell Phillip M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To characterize the associated injuries, fixation constructs, and outcomes of extra-articular unstable iliac fractures.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Thirty-three extra-articular unstable iliac fractures treated over a 20-year period.

Intervention:
Percutaneous or open fixation of iliac fractures at the pelvic brim AND/OR iliac crest.

Main Outcome Measures:
Incidence of union, fixation failure, and angiography at the time of injury.

Results:
Twenty-five patients were treated operatively with appropriate follow-up. Four patients had fixation failure with displacement, all in the group with only brim OR crest fixation (4/8 patients, 50% rate). In patients with both crest AND brim fixation (n = 17), there were no cases of implant failure or late displacement. In displaced fractures (n = 22), 4 patients (18%) required embolization by interventional radiology. In all 4 cases, the superior gluteal artery was embolized. In patients with both crest AND brim fixation, all went on to uneventful union with an average Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score of 0.9 (range, 0-5) at final follow-up.

Conclusions:
Extra-articular unstable iliac fractures are high-energy injuries that demonstrate a high rate of union when both pelvic brim AND iliac crest fixation is used. Approximately 1 in 5 patients with a displaced iliac fracture presented with a superior gluteal artery disruption requiring embolization. Pelvic brim OR iliac crest fixation used in isolation was associated with a fixation failure rate of 50%, supporting previous biomechanical work.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The COVID-19 pandemic and unemployment, subsistence needs and mental health among adults with HIV in the United States
Authors: Beer Linda , Tie Yunfeng , Dasgupta Sharoda , McManus Tim , Chowdhury Pranesh P. , Weiser John 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To evaluate whether reported prevalence of unemployment, subsistence needs, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adults with diagnosed HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic were higher than expected.

Design:
The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a complex sample survey of adults with diagnosed HIV in the United States.

Methods:
We analyzed 2015–2019 MMP data using linear regression models to calculate expected prevalence, along with corresponding prediction intervals (PI), for unemployment, subsistence needs, depression, and anxiety for June–November 2020. We then assessed whether observed estimates fell within the expected prediction interval for each characteristic, overall and among specific groups.

Results:
Overall, the observed estimate for unemployment was higher than expected (17% vs. 12%) and exceeded the upper limit of the PI. Those living in households with incomes ≥400% of FPL were the only group where the observed prevalence of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 period was higher than the PIs; in this group, the prevalence of depression was 9% compared with a predicted value of 5% (75% higher) and the prevalence of anxiety was 11% compared with a predicted value 5% (137% higher). We did not see elevated levels of subsistence needs, although needs were higher among Black and Hispanic compared with White persons.

Conclusions:
Efforts to deliver enhanced employment assistance to persons with HIV and provide screening and access to mental health services among higher income persons may be needed to mitigate the negative effects of the US COVID-19 pandemic.
Molecular profiling of breast and lung cancer in women with HIV reveals high tumor mutational burden
Authors: Caro-Vegas Carolina , Ramirez Catalina , Landis Justin , Adimora Adaora A. , Strickler Howard , French Audrey L. , Ofotokun Igho , Fischl Margaret , Seaberg Eric C. , Wang Chia-ching J. , Spence Amanda B. , Dittmer Dirk P. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
This study compared the mutation profile and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in women with HIV (WWH) diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (n = 8) or breast ductal neoplasm (n = 13) who were enrolled into the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).

Design:
Previous studies tended to focus on single institutions based on sample availability. This study is based on a representative, multicenter cohort that represents the racial and ethnic composition of women with HIV in the United States

Methods:
The study sequenced the complete human exome of n = 26 cancer samples from HIV-positive women, using Ion torrent next-generation sequencing. The study cohort was compared with a HIV-negative cohort obtained from the Genomic Data Commons Data Portal of the NCI.

Results:
There were no differences in known cancer mutations between breast cancer and lung cancer that developed in WWH and those that developed in HIV-negative (HIV-) women; however, WWH presented a significantly higher TMB in comparison to HIV- patients. Seventy-five percent of lung cancers and 61% of breast cancers were defined as TMB-high (more than 10 mutation/mb of DNA).

Conclusion:
This study affirms the recommendation that WWH be included in clinical trials of novel treatments for these cancers. Although these data are preliminary, the high TMB in WLHV suggests, paradoxically, that this immune challenged population may benefit greatly from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies.
Prevalence and Correlates of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Adults With HIV: Insights From the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE)
Authors: Bloomfield Gerald S. , Weir Isabelle R. , Ribaudo Heather J. , Fitch Kathleen V. , Fichtenbaum Carl J. , Moran Laura E. , Bedimo Roger , de Filippi Christopher , Morse Caryn G. , Piccini Jonathan , Zanni Markella V. , Lu Michael T. , Hoffmann Udo , Grinspoon Steven K. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of cardiovasvular disease (CVD) and sudden cardiac death. Previous work has suggested an association between HIV infection and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. There are limited data on the burden of ECG abnormalities among PWH in a multiracial, multiethnic globally representative population.

Setting:
One hundred twenty sites in the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE).

Methods:
ECG findings were grouped into clinically relevant categories using sex-specific thresholds when indicated. We used the Fisher exact tests to assess associations of demographic characteristics and ECG abnormalities. We used logistic regression model to assess associations between demographic and HIV management measures, with adjustment.

Results:
We analyzed data for 7720 PWH (99% of participants) (median age 50 years, 69% male participants). There were 3346 (43%) Black or African American, 2680 (35%) White, and 1139 (15%) Asian participants. Most of the participants (97%) had viral load that was <400 copies/mL or <lower limits of quantification. Nearly half of the participants had at least one ECG abnormality (44%). QTc prolongation was more common among male than female participants (9% vs. 6%, P = 0.001) and nearly twice as common among Asian participants (12%) when compared with other racial groups (7%) (P < 0.0001). Participants with viral load >400 copies/mL had approximately twice the odds of prolonged QTc compared with those that were undetectable (adjusted OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.45).

Conclusions:
Prolonged QTc is common among male, Asian, and REPRIEVE participants with higher viral loads. These relationships warrant future investigation of linkages to ensuing CVD events among PWH.
Evaluation of the Viability of Untreated Leiomyomas Using Computed Tomography–Detected Calcification Patterns
Authors: Crane Erin P. , Fenlon Edward P. , Ascher Susan M. , Balaji Dhiksha , Siegelman Evan S. 
Published: December 2021

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between computed tomography (CT)-detected calcification patterns and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enhancement as a surrogate for viability in untreated uterine leiomyomas.

Methods
We queried 2 university hospital databases to identify patients with: (1) at least 1 calcified leiomyoma on CT greater than 1 cm (2) contrast-enhanced MRI of the pelvis performed within 5 years of the CT, and (3) no prior history of uterine fibroid embolization (UFE). Computed tomography was used to analyze calcification pattern and contrast-enhanced MRI to analyze size and viability.

Results
There were 12,862 reports that fit the criteria. After exclusion, 50 patients with 74 calcified untreated leiomyomas were analyzed. Three calcification patterns were identified: rim (n = 22), diffuse (n = 9), and coarse either less than or greater than 50% (n = 43). Four of 22 (18%) of leiomyomas with rim calcification were viable. Three of 9 (33%) of leiomyomas with diffuse calcification were viable. All leiomyomas with coarse calcifications were viable, 43 of 43 (100%).

Conclusions
Leiomyomas with coarse calcifications are viable, whereas the majority with rim or diffuse calcification are not. This information may be helpful when triaging symptomatic women to treatment.
The Combined Interpretation of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Metastatic Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Hayes Aimee R. , Furtado O'Mahony Luke , Quigley Ann-Marie , Gnanasegaran Gopinath , Caplin Martyn E. , Navalkissoor Shaunak , Toumpanakis Christos 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN) are widely heterogeneous in their biological behavior, and predicting prognosis and optimal treatment strategies can be challenging. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is a sensitive imaging modality for well-differentiated NEN and indicates a favorable prognosis, whereas 18F-FDG PET/CT avidity indicates disease that is potentially more aggressive. There has been emerging interest in the combined interpretation of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET and its prognostic significance. We aimed to assess the prognostic utility of a classification system that incorporates the complex findings of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET interpreted side-by-side in patients with metastatic GEP NEN.

Methods
We defined 3 68Ga-DOTATATE/18F-FDG “dual-tracer PET” groups: D1 (68Ga-DOTATATE positive/18F-FDG negative), D2 (68Ga-DOTATATE positive/18F-FDG positive), and D3 (68Ga-DOTATATE negative/18F-FDG positive). We retrospectively assessed the association between the dual-tracer PET classification and progression-free and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Eighty-seven patients with metastatic GEP NEN and contemporaneous 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET were included. The dual-tracer PET classification was an independent predictor of OS (multivariate P = 0.016) and also predicted progression-free survival (univariate P = 0.030). Other independent predictors of OS included chromogranin A and World Health Organization (WHO) grade. WHO grade was not associated with OS from the time of dual-tracer PET but was an independent predictor of OS from the date of histological diagnosis (multivariate P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that a classification system combining the complex findings of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET is correlated with prognosis. Further research is needed to prospectively validate these findings and to explore whether dual-tracer PET scores may also be able to predict response to treatment.
Potential and Most Relevant Applications of Total Body PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Alavi Abass , Saboury Babak , Nardo Lorenzo , Zhang Vincent , Wang Meiyun , Li Hongdi , Raynor William Y. , Werner Thomas J. , Høilund-Carlsen Poul F. , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The introduction of total body (TB) PET/CT instruments over the past 2 years has initiated a new and exciting era in medical imaging. These instruments have substantially higher sensitivity (up to 68 times) than conventional modalities and therefore allow imaging the entire body over a short period. However, we need to further refine the imaging protocols of this instrument for different indications. Total body PET will allow accurate assessment of the extent of disease, particularly, including the entire axial and appendicular skeleton. Furthermore, delayed imaging with this instrument may enhance the sensitivity of PET for some types of cancer. Also, this modality may improve the detection of venous thrombosis, a common complication of cancer and chemotherapy, in the extremities and help prevent pulmonary embolism. Total body PET allows assessment of atherosclerotic plaques throughout the body as a systematic disease. Similarly, patients with widespread musculoskeletal disorders including both oncologic and nononcologic entities, such as degenerative joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis, may benefit from the use of TB-PET. Finally, quantitative global disease assessment provided by this approach will be superior to conventional measurements, which do not reflect overall disease activity. In conclusion, TB-PET imaging may have a revolutionary impact on day-to-day practice of medicine and may become the leading imaging modality in the future.
Prospective Paired Comparison of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT Images Obtained With a 360°-CZT and a Conventional Camera
Authors: Piatkova Yuliya , Payoux Pierre , Boursier Caroline , Bordonne Manon , Roch Veronique , Marie Pierre-Yves , Hossu Gabriela , Imbert Laëtitia , Verger Antoine 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aimed to compare 123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging obtained from a 360° cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) camera with different focus configurations and from a conventional Anger camera.

Methods
This prospective study (NCT03980418) included patients referred to 123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging who consecutively underwent a 30-minute acquisition on a conventional camera immediately followed by two 15-minute acquisitions on the 360°-CZT camera with, respectively, striatum and brain focus and reconstruction parameters to give equivalent contrast ratios, albeit with higher spatial resolution for the CZT camera. Tomographic count sensitivities were calculated. The images were analyzed through visual, according to 5 independent physicians, and automatic semiquantitative analyses.

Results
Ninety-two patients were included in this study. The 360°-CZT camera tomographic count sensitivities showed increases of +25% and +18% for striatum and brain focus, respectively, as well as significantly higher quality scores (P ≤ 0.04) in comparison to the conventional camera. The κ scores of consensual visual analysis were 0.80 and 0.85, and correlation coefficients of semiquantitative analysis for striatum uptakes were 0.75 and 0.76 for the comparisons of images obtained with the 2 cameras, with striatum and brain focus, respectively, for the CZT camera. Advanced age was the single predictor of discordant cases (10/92 [11%]) showing systematically abnormal scans with the conventional camera, potentially as a result of partial volume effect.

Conclusions
Irrespective of focus mode, this high-sensitivity 360°-CZT camera provides concordant 123I-FP-CIT SPECT results when compared with a conventional camera, but with shorter acquisition times, higher image quality, and few discordant cases possibly explained by its higher spatial resolution.