bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel quality by design approach for development and validation of a green reversed‐phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of lesinurad, febuxostat, and diflunisal: Application to human plasma
Authors: Magdy Galal , Abdel Hakiem Ahmed F. , Belal Fathalla , Abdel‐Megied Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel and eco‐friendly reversed‐phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection was developed for simultaneous estimation of two co‐administered antigout drugs (lesinurad and febuxostat) with diflunisal as a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. Unlike routine methodology, the developed method was optimized using analytical quality by design approach. A full factorial design was applied to optimize the effect of variable factors on chromatographic responses. The chromatographic separation was performed using isocratic elution on the Hypersil BDS C18 column at 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:potassium phosphate buffer (30.0 mM; pH 5.5, 32.2:67.8% v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and injection volume of 20.0 μL was employed. The proposed method was able to separate the ternary mixture in <10 min. The calibration curves of diflunisal, lesinurad, and febuxostat were linear over concentration ranges of 50.0–500.0, 50.0–700.0, and 20.0–700.0 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery percentages ranging from 98.1 to 101.3% with % relative standard deviation of <2% were obtained upon spiking to human plasma samples, indicating high bioanalytical applicability. Furthermore, the method was found to be excellent green when it was assessed according to Green Analytical Procedure Index and analytical Eco‐Scale guidelines.
Driving frontline employees performance through mentorship, training, and interpersonal helping: The case of upscale hotels in China
Authors: Luo Zhenpeng , Ma Emily , Li Aijun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBuilding on signaling theory and the job demands‐resources model, this paper assessed mentorship, training and interpersonal helping's role on employee attitude and performance. Using a sample of 424 millennial young frontline employees from upscale hotels in China, results of this study suggested that training and mentorship positively influence employees' task performance both directly and indirectly (via job satisfaction), and their direct and indirect influences were similar in effect sizes; job satisfaction has a positive effect on task performance, while the moderating effect of interpersonal helping was not confirmed. This study contributes to signaling theory and job‐demands‐resources model, as well as providing important practical implications to hotel operators.
The Prevalence of Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress in Professionals and Volunteers Working With Forcibly Displaced People: A Systematic Review and Two Meta‐Analyses
Authors: Roberts Fritha , Teague Bonnie , Lee Jennifer , Rushworth Imogen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch suggests that professionals and volunteers who work with forcibly displaced people (FDP) experience burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) as a result of working with such a highly traumatized population. In the present systematic review and meta‐analyses, we report the pooled prevalence rates of burnout and STS in individuals working both professionally and voluntarily with FDP. The CINAHL Complete, E‐Journals, ERIC, MEDLINE Complete, OpenDissertations, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published historically to September 2019. Studies (N = 15) were included and assessed for quality if (a) their sample comprised individuals working in a professional or voluntary capacity with refugees, asylum seekers, forced migrants, or displaced persons and (b) reported on an outcome of STS or burnout. Two meta‐analyses were conducted using random‐effects models to assess the prevalence of (a) burnout and (b) STS. The pooled prevalence of high‐level burnout was 29.7%, 95% CI [13.8%, 45.6%], with considerable heterogeneity between studies, Q(5) = 112.42, p < .001, I2 = 95.6%. The pooled prevalence of moderate, high, and severe STS was 45.7%, 95% CI [26.1%, 65.2%] with considerable heterogeneity between studies, Q(12) = 1,079.37, p < .001, I2 = 98.9%. Significant differences were observed in reported prevalence depending on the measure administered. This review highlights the high prevalence of high‐level burnout and moderate‐to‐severe STS reported by individuals working with FDP. The results have implications for future research, employment support for individuals working with FDP, and measure selection for assessing STS.
Vascular Imaging in the Asymptomatic High‐risk Cancer Population
Authors: Loftus James Ryan , Hu Zhongxia , Morin Burke R. , Hobbs Susan K. , Francis Charles W. , Khorana Alok A. , Rubens Deborah J. , Kaproth‐Joslin Katherine A. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesWe retrospectively examined the venous thromboembolism (VTE) events diagnosed in the Prophylaxis of High‐Risk Ambulatory Cancer Patients Study (PHACS), a multi‐center randomized trial, to assess the value of screening vascular imaging for the diagnosis of incidental VTE in high‐risk cancer patients.MethodsA total of 117 asymptomatic cancer patients with a Khorana score ≥3 starting a new systemic chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in a prospective randomized control trial. Patients underwent baseline venous ultrasound (US) of the lower extremities (LEs) and screening contrast‐enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). Those without preexisting VTE were then randomized into observation or dalteparin prophylaxis groups and were screened with serial US every 4 weeks for up to 12 weeks and imaged with contrast‐enhanced chest CT at 12 weeks. Any additional imaging performed during the study period was also evaluated for VTE.ResultsBaseline prevalence of incidental VTE was 9% (n = 10) with 58% percent of VTEs diagnosed by screening US. Incidence of VTE in the randomized phase of the trial was 16% (n = 16) with 21% (n = 10) of patients in the control arm and 12% (n = 6) of patients in the dalteparin arm developing VTE, a non‐significant 9% absolute risk reduction (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.23–1.89). Sixty‐nine percent of these patients were asymptomatic with 31% of patients diagnosed by screening US.ConclusionsAdding screening US to routine oncologic surveillance CT in high‐risk ambulatory cancer patients with a Khorana score ≥3 can lead to increased VTE detection, with potential for decreased morbidity, mortality, and health care spending.
Trans‐Spinal Direct Current Stimulation for Managing Primary Orthostatic Tremor
Authors: Lamy Jean‐Charles , Varriale Pasquale , Apartis Emmanuelle , Mehdi Sophien , Blancher‐Meinadier Anne , Kosutzka Zuzana , Degos Bertrand , Frismand Solène , Simonetta‐Moreau Marion , Meunier Sabine , Roze Emmanuel , Vidailhet Marie 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrimary orthostatic tremor (POT) is a rare disorder, characterized by 13 to 18 Hz tremor in the legs when standing and is often refractory to medical treatment. Epidural spinal cord stimulation has been proposed as an alternative treatment. However, this approach is invasive, which limits its application.ObjectiveTrans‐spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is a non‐invasive method to modulate spinal cord circuits. The aim of this proof‐of‐concept study was to investigate the potential beneficial effect of tsDCS in POT.MethodsWe conducted a double‐blind, sham‐controlled study in 16 patients with POT. In two separate visits, patients received sham tsDCS first followed by active (either cathodal or anodal) tsDCS. The primary outcome was the change in time in standing position. Secondary outcomes comprised quantitative assessment of tremor, measurement of corticospinal excitability including short‐latency afferent inhibition, and clinical global impression‐improvement (CGI‐I). Measurements were made at baseline, after sham tsDCS, 0–30 min, and 30–60 min after active conditions.ResultsCathodal‐tsDCS reduced tremor amplitude and frequency and lowered corticospinal excitability whereas anodal‐tsDCS reduced tremor frequency only. CGI‐I scores positively correlated with the time in standing position after both active tsDCS conditions.ConclusionA single session of tsDCS can improve instability in POT. This opens a new vista for experimental treatment options using multiple sessions of spinal DC stimulation. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Allogeneic Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Safety in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Schiess Mya , Suescun Jessika , Doursout Marie‐Francoise , Adams Christopher , Green Charles , Saltarrelli Jerome G. , Savitz Sean , Ellmore Timothy M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuroinflammation plays a key role in PD pathogenesis, and allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells can be used as an immunomodulatory therapy.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to prove the safety and tolerability of intravenous allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells in PD patients.MethodsThis was a 12‐month single‐center open‐label dose‐escalation phase 1 study of 20 subjects with mild/moderate PD assigned to a single intravenous infusion of 1 of 4 doses: 1, 3, 6, or 10 × 106 allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells/kg, evaluated 3, 12, 24, and 52 weeks postinfusion. Primary outcome safety measures included transfusion reaction, study‐related adverse events, and immunogenic responses. Secondary outcomes included impact on peripheral markers, PD progression, and changes in brain perfusion.ResultsThere were no serious adverse reactions related to the infusion and no responses to donor‐specific human leukocyte antigens. Most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were dyskinesias (20%, n = 4) with 1 emergent and 3 exacerbations; and hypertension (20%, n = 4) with 3 transient episodes and 1 requiring medical intervention. One possibly related serious adverse event occurred in a patient with a 4‐year history of lymphocytosis who developed asymptomatic chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Peripheral inflammation markers appear to be reduced at 52 weeks in the highest dose including, tumor necrosis factor‐α (P < 0.05), chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 22 (P < 0.05), whereas brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (P < 0.05) increased. The highest dose seems to have demonstrated the most significant effect at 52 weeks, reducing the OFF state UPDRS motor, −14.4 (P < 0.01), and total, −20.8 (P < 0.05), scores.ConclusionA single intravenous infusion of allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells at doses of 1, 3, 6, or 10 × 106 allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells/kg is safe, well tolerated, and not immunogenic in mild/moderate PD patients. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A perfusion phantom for ASL MRI based on impinging jets
Authors: Gabrielyan Marianna , Tisdall M. Dylan , Kammer Christoph , Higgins Christopher , Arratia Paulo E. , Detre John A. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeWe present a novel perfusion phantom for validation of arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI methods and protocols.MethodsImpinging jets, driven by a peristaltic pump, were used to achieve perfusion‐like mixing of magnetically labeled inflowing fluid within a perfusion compartment. The phantom was validated by varying pump rates and obtaining ASL‐MRI data at multiple postlabeling delays using a pseudo‐continuous ASL sequence with a 3D stack‐of‐spirals readout. An additional data set was acquired using a pseudo‐continuous ASL sequence with a 2D EPI readout. Phantom sensitivity to pseudo‐continuous ASL labeling efficiency was also tested.ResultsFluid dynamics simulations predicted that maximum mixing would occur near the central axis of the perfusion compartment. Experimentally observed signal changes within this region were reproducible and well fit by the standard Buxton general kinetic model. Simulations and experimental data showed no label outflow from the perfusion chamber and calculated perfusion rates, averaged over the entire phantom volume, agreed with the expected volumetric flow rates provided by the flow pump. Phantom sensitivity to pseudo‐continuous ASL labeling parameters was also demonstrated.ConclusionPerfusion‐like signal can be simulated using impinging jets to create a well‐mixed compartment. Observed perfusion and transit time values were reproducible and within the physiological range for brain perfusion. This phantom design has a broad range of potential applications in both basic and clinical research involving ASL MRI.
Development Status and Trends in the Eel Farming Industry in Asia
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Yuan Yongming , Dai Yunyun , Gong Yunchong , Yuan Yiqun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Global eel production has dramatically increased over the last 30 years because of the expansion of eel farming. In 2018, 47 countries were engaged in eel production, with a total output of 277,103 metric tons and a total value of US$2.67 × 109 for eel imports and exports. To better understand the development status of the eel industry, especially in China, and to protect glass eel resources and promote the healthy development of the industry, we summarize the current development status of eel culture in terms of eel production, natural recruitment, imports, and exports. Japanese and Chinese production, imports, and exports are the main focus of this study. The eel production industry is characterized by high investment, high risk, and high returns. Since the mid-1990s, China has been the world’s leading country for eel culture in terms of yield, accounting for over 80% of global yield. The profit margin is over 60% for eel farming in China. Japan has a long history of eel culture, and it is the dominant consumer market for eels, with 50% of the world’s consumption. Countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to promote the development of the eel industry due to severe problems, such as declines in wild glass eel recruitment since 2018, an increasing demand for eels, the excessive dependence on exports to the Japanese market, and the effects of environmental protection policies on the eel industry in China. These measures include protecting eel germplasm resources and developing other cultured varieties as well as developing international emerging markets and cultivating domestic markets to strengthen the eel brand. Furthermore, trade associations should be developed in order to provide information for farmers and strengthen interactions with the government.
The family traveling salesman problem with incompatibility constraints
Authors: Bernardino Raquel , Paias Ana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new variant of the family traveling salesman problem (FTSP). The FTSP is an NP‐hard problem that generalizes the traveling salesman problem. In the FTSP, the set of cities is partitioned into several families and one wants to find the minimum cost route that visits a given number of cities in each family. A new variant arises by introducing incompatibilities between families, that is, cities from incompatible families cannot be visited in the same route, and it is called the FTSP with incompatibility constraints (FTSP‐IC). We propose compact and non‐compact mixed integer linear programming models for the FTSP‐IC where the incompatibility constraints are modeled by defining paths in a compatibility graph for each family. Additionally, we present a set of valid inequalities motivated by the incompatible families. The non‐compact models and the valid inequalities were tested using a branch‐and‐cut framework. To evaluate the models we generated incompatibility matrices for benchmark instances of the FTSP, which are available in the website
http://familytsp.rd.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/. With the branch‐and‐cut algorithm, we were able to obtain the optimal value of instances with up to 127 nodes. We also developed an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm and an iterated local search algorithm (ILS) to address the largest sized instances. Both metaheuristics are able to provide solutions for instances that the branch‐and‐cut algorithm cannot address and to improve the majority of the upper bounds obtained by the branch‐and‐cut algorithm in less computational time.
On the block Lanczos and block Golub–Kahan reduction methods applied to discrete ill‐posed problems
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Gazzola Silvia , Reichel Lothar , Rodriguez Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe reduction of a large‐scale symmetric linear discrete ill‐posed problem with multiple right‐hand sides to a smaller problem with a symmetric block tridiagonal matrix can easily be carried out by the application of a small number of steps of the symmetric block Lanczos method. We show that the subdiagonal blocks of the reduced problem converge to zero fairly rapidly with increasing block number. This quick convergence indicates that there is little advantage in expressing the solutions of discrete ill‐posed problems in terms of eigenvectors of the coefficient matrix when compared with using a basis of block Lanczos vectors, which are simpler and cheaper to compute. Similarly, for nonsymmetric linear discrete ill‐posed problems with multiple right‐hand sides, we show that the solution subspace defined by a few steps of the block Golub–Kahan bidiagonalization method usually can be applied instead of the solution subspace determined by the singular value decomposition of the coefficient matrix without significant, if any, reduction of the quality of the computed solution.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies conceived after preimplantation genetic testing
Authors: Gulersen Moti , Peyser Alexandra , Ferraro Amanda , Goldman Randi , Mullin Christine , Li Xueying , Krantz David , Bornstein Eran , Rochelson Burton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is associated with an increase in adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes in singleton and twin live births conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF).MethodRetrospective cohort of live births resulting from IVF within a university health system between January 2014 and August 2019. Adverse maternal outcomes (e.g., hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abnormal placentation, and preterm birth), and adverse neonatal outcomes were compared in singleton and twin pregnancies conceived after transfer of one or two PGT‐screened euploid embryos versus untested embryos in separate analyses. Multivariate backwards‐stepwise logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders.ResultsOf 1160 live births, 539 (46.5%) resulted from PGT‐screened embryos, 1015 (87.5%) were singletons, and 145 (12.5%) were twins. After adjusting for potential confounders, there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and adverse neonatal outcomes in both analyses, as well as abnormal placentation for singletons.ConclusionOur data suggest that IVF with PGT is not associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes compared to IVF without PGT. Further research utilizing larger cohorts are needed before drawing definitive conclusions.
Opioid use and social disadvantage in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Cheng Abby L. , Brady Brian K. , Bradley Ethan C. , Calfee Ryan P. , Klesges Lisa M. , Colditz Graham A. , Prather Heidi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, marginalized patients were prescribed less opioid medication than affluent, white patients. However, because of persistent differential access to nonopioid pain treatments, this direction of disparity in opioid prescribing may have reversed.ObjectiveTo compare social disadvantage and health in patients with chronic pain who were managed with versus without chronic opioid therapy. It was hypothesized that patients routinely prescribed opioids would be more likely to live in socially disadvantaged communities and report worse health.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a retrospective cohort defined from medical records from 2000 to 2019.SettingSingle tertiary safety net medical center.PatientsAdult patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain who were managed longitudinally by a physiatric group practice from at least 2011 to 2015 (n = 1173), subgrouped by chronic (≥4 years) adherent opioid usage (n = 356) versus no chronic opioid usage (n = 817).InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the unadjusted between‐group difference in social disadvantage, defined by living in the worst national quartile of the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). An adjusted effect size was also calculated using logistic regression, with age, sex, race, and Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference and Physical Function scores as covariates. Secondary outcomes included adjusted differences in health by chronic opioid use (measured by PROMIS).ResultsPatients managed with chronic opioid therapy were more likely to live in a zip code within the most socially disadvantaged national quartile (34.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 29.9–39.9%; vs. 24.9%; 95% CI 21.9–28.0%; P < .001), and social disadvantage was independently associated with chronic opioid use (odds ratio [OR] 1.01 per ADI percentile [1.01–1.02]). Opioid use was also associated with meaningfully worse PROMIS Depression (3.8 points [2.4–5.1]), Anxiety (3.0 [1.4–4.5]), and Pain Interference (2.6 [1.7–3.5]) scores.ConclusionsPatients prescribed chronic opioid treatment were more likely to live in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods, and chronic opioid use was independently associated with worse behavioral health. Improving access to multidisciplinary, nonopioid treatments for chronic pain may be key to successfully overcoming the opioid crisis.
Exploring, harnessing and conserving marine genetic resources towards a sustainable seaweed aquaculture
Authors: Brakel Janina , Sibonga Rema C. , Dumilag Richard V. , Montalescot Valeria , Campbell Iona , Cottier‐Cook Elizabeth J. , Ward Georgia , Le Masson Virginie , Liu Tao , Msuya Flower E. , Brodie Juliet , Lim Phaik‐Eem , Gachon Claire M. M. 
Published: March 2021

Societal Impact StatementSeaweed cultivation is the fastest‐growing aquaculture sector, with a demonstrable potential to drive development in some of the poorest coastal populations worldwide. However, sustainable exploitation, fair access and equitable benefits from marine genetic resources, such as seaweeds have yet to be fully realised. Patchy fundamental knowledge on the genetic diversity and metabolic potential of algae limits their exploitation; scant practical skills and low investment in breeding restricts germplasm availability and the Nagoya protocol has only partially remediated insufficient governance. Further developments and the addressing of knowledge gaps in relation to biosecurity, breeders’ rights and conservation of genetic resources are needed for progress.SummaryWe review how seaweed genetic resources are currently used in aquaculture, in relation to the diversification and rapidly increasing use of marine resources. Using a revealing case‐study, we summarise the potential for positive societal change, underpinned by the cultivation of eucheumatoid carrageenophytes (species of the red algal genera Eucheuma and Kappaphycus), an activity which has been successfully initiated in many tropical countries to support their economic development. We also review the challenges currently faced by this industry and identify potential threats to the seaweed cultivation sector. Accordingly, we suggest new directions to support the continued development of an economically resilient and environmentally sustainable industry based on the utilisation of genetic resources.