bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of ethylene glycol: Unity of chemical and electrochemical catalysis
Authors: Chauhan Nilam L. , Juvekar Vinay A. , Sarkar Arindam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of ethylene glycol, both chemically (reaction with oxygen) and electrochemically (application of potential), have been studied in a batch reactor on three different catalysts. The products have been identified and their concentrations measured. For experiments on chemical oxidation, in addition to the analysis of the products, the variation of the potential developed on the catalyst with time was measured. The electrochemical experiments were designed such that the potential of the catalyst‐coated electrode varies with time in a manner identical to variation of the potential with time observed for chemical experiments. The products and their respective concentrations obtained for both the chemical oxidation of ethylene glycol with molecular oxygen as well as the electrochemical oxidation were found to be in excellent agreement. The data presented here suggest that at molecular level, catalytic chemical oxidation on heterogeneous catalyst involves transfer of electrons from ethylene glycol to oxygen via two or more electrochemical reactions through the catalyst.
Effect of dietary inclusion of Fireweed (Crassocephalum crepidioides) on behavioural patterns, memory indices, and activities of cholinergic and monoaminergic enzymes in a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Oboh Ganiyu , Busari Gbemisola Margaret , Ademosun Ayokunle Olubode , Oyeleye Sunday Idowu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDietary supplementation of functional foods has been established for cognitive enhancement. Fireweed (Crassocephalum crepidioides) is a notable vegetable reported in folklore for its anti‐neurodegenerative property, with paucity of information on its mechanism of action using a cell‐based system. This study sought to evaluate the effect of fireweed leaf dietary inclusion (FDI) on some biochemical indices of neurodegeneration of a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Transgenic (modeled for AD) and Harwich (the wild control) fruit fly strains were used, and were exposed separately to 0%, 0.31%, 0.63%, 1.25%, and 2.50% FDI for 14 days. Survival rate, locomotive performance, and short‐term memory index of the flies were assessed. Thereafter, the flies’ homogenates were prepared and used for the determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO), catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S‐transferase activities, total thiol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels. The result revealed that AD flies treated with FDI had 70%–80% improved survival rate and behavioural performance. Furthermore, AChE, BChE, and MAO activities were significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited, while antioxidant status was also boosted in the AD flies comparable with the wild control flies. In conclusion, the modulation of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidase activities as well as oxidative stress biomarkers could be among the neuroprotective mechanisms of fireweed leaf. These effects could be attributed to the abundant polyphenols and dietary fibers present. Hence, its use in folklore for the management of neurological disorder is justified.
The effect of lactic acid bacteria and co‐culture on structural, rheological, and textural profile of corn dough
Authors: Yaqoob Sanabil , Liu Huimin , Liu Meihong , Zheng Mingzhu , Awan Kanza Aziz , Cai Dan , Liu Jingsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study is aimed at assessing the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on corn flour using dynamic characterization methods including RVA, TPA, Rheometer, SEM, and DSC along with co‐culture technique in order to enhance its applicability by evaluating the variations in rheological, textural, morphological, thermal, and structural properties. Our findings suggested that bacterial incorporation both individually and in combination (co‐culture) revealed an improved corn dough profile with better properties. SEM showed irregular shape of particles having more grooves, indentations, and cracks. RVA demonstrated different pasting behavior on the dough. Bacterial inoculation in flour attributed to increase the TO (68.61–71.18), TP (73.74–78.42), TC (78.78–85.36), melting temperature (10.17–15.19), and ΔH (2.72–5.40). The hardness of corn was found approximately 75% of native dough. In treated corn, an increase was noted in both loss and storage modulus in correspondence with changes in the starch configuration and leaching of constituents. The results from DSC presented an increased melting temperature range and gelatinization enthalpy owing to bacterial treatment accredited to diversified morphological characteristics. The outcomes concluded in demonstration of a novel influence on structural, thermal, morphological, and rheological capabilities and capacities of corn dough. Lactic acid bacteria hydrolyzed part of the corn and flour had smaller, irregularly shaped particles with more holes in them, resulting in a reduced water retaining capacity. Textural, thermal, and pasting profile has also been improved due to degradation of macromolecules. Furthermore, the insight alterations induce various changes leading to improved corn flour. It may also develop the associations about the upright insurgence in the corn dough profile and its potential usage in industry and homes.
Effect of Moringa stenopetala leaf extracts on the physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties of lagered beer
Authors: Mazengia Gedefaw , Dessalegn Engeda , Dessalegn Tilku 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlavor instability resulting from beer storage and oxidation is the most important quality‐related problem in the brewing industry. This study evaluated the influence of adding 80% ethanolic extract of Moringa stenopetala leaf to lagered beer at 400, 600, and 800 ppm concentrations for 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐day storage time at room temperature. The effect of physicochemical properties of the beer incorporated with leaf extract of Moringa stenopetala (LEMS) was evaluated using the American Society of Brewing Chemists method of analysis. Sensory acceptability of the beer treated with LEMS was evaluated using nine hedonic scales over a period of storage time. Original gravity (11.06–11.08), apparent extract (3.68–3.77), pH (4.23–4.40), vicinal diketone (0.07–0.09), and alcohol content (4.76–4.81) were not altered by the incorporation of LEMS at any level of treatment and over a period of storage time. The beer color (8.88–9.70 EBC), bitterness (13.62–15.56 bitterness unit), calcium ion (44.18–52.04 ppm), and foam stability (201.5–246.5) of beer increased with increasing LEMS concentration, but a significant haziness reduction (1.23–0.63) was observed. However, the storage time decreased both haziness and foam stability of LEMS‐incorporated beer. The incorporation of LEMS at an optimum level kept its quality for 90 days better than the usual antioxidant (potassium metabisulfite) added in beer. The sensory analysis also supported the beer treated with 600 ppm of LEMS as the best overall acceptability. The result indicates a promising use of LEMS as a functional ingredient in beer to reduce beer oxidation probability and keep its freshness for a period of storage time.
Examining the relationship between talent management and employee job‐related outcomes: The case of the Indian manufacturing industry
Authors: Dalal Renu , Akdere Mesut 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between talent management (TM) and employee job‐related outcomes in the Indian manufacturing setting. TM practices included talent acquisition, talent development, talent engagement, and talent retention. Employee job‐related outcomes of this study included intent to stay, job engagement, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and employee competency. This study used the social exchange theory and a resource‐based view as the theoretical underpinnings for the proposed TM model. The role of organizational culture as a moderator was also examined in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 992 full‐time employees working in one of the largest textiles and paper manufacturing organizations of India with facilities located in two Indian states. Data were collected online through a questionnaire composed of several existing survey instruments. The response rate for the survey was high (62.98%). The primary method of data analysis was structural equation modeling. The overall relationship between TM and employee job‐related outcome was found to be significant and positive. The findings showed that organizational culture is significantly related to TM and employee job‐related outcomes. In addition, organizational culture does moderate the relationship between TM and employee job‐related outcomes.
Why play equals learning: Comparison as a learning mechanism in play
Authors: Christie Stella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlay is an essential component of childhood, but parents and educators sometimes view it as an optional add‐on, which gets in the way of learning. This view persists in spite of evidence that play is helpful and sometimes critical to learning in multiple domains, perhaps because precise mechanisms whereby play occasions learning are not well understood. Here, I propose a new research perspective on playful learning, which might fill this gap, and solidify our understanding of both play and learning: a focus on comparison and structural alignment. Comparison (and structural alignment, which highlights useful comparisons) is a well‐studied learning mechanism, and it occurs often during free and guided play. Do we learn through play because we compare during play? I briefly summarize the learning benefits of comparison and sketch the ways in which play may trigger comparison. I then list several concrete research questions, through which we may inspect the role of comparison in mediating between play and learning.
LncRNA CCAT1 is overexpressed in tuberculosis patients and predicts their survival
Authors: Ye Taosheng , Zhang Jiaohong , Zeng Xuan , Xu Yuxiang , Li Jinpei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionLncRNA CCAT1 promotes inflammatory responses, which contribute to tuberculosis. Therefore, CCAT1 may participate in tuberculosis. Therefore, we analyzed the involvement of CCAT1 in tuberculosis.MethodsPlasma samples were donated by a total of 200 patients with newly developed tuberculosis (N‐TB), 102 patients with recurrent tuberculosis (R‐TB), and 102 healthy controls on the day of admission. Plasma samples were also collected from N‐TB and R‐TB patients every month after the initiation of treatment for a total of 6 months. CCAT1 expression in these samples was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, iNOS, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 in plasma were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. N‐TB and R‐TB patients were monitored for 2 months to analyze their survival.ResultsOn the day of admission, the highest levels of CCAT1, IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, iNOS, and TNF‐α were detected in N‐TB patients, followed by R‐TB patients and controls, while the lowest levels of plasma IL‐10 were detected in N‐TB patients, followed by R‐TB patients and controls. Across R‐TB and N‐TB patients, CCAT1 was inversely correlated with IL‐10 but not closely correlated with other inflammatory factors. During the treatment, plasma CCAT1 levels decreased in both N‐TB and R‐TB patients. High CCAT1 levels were closely correlated with high mortality rates of both N‐TB and R‐TB patients.ConclusionCCAT1 is overexpressed in tuberculosis patients and predicts their survival. Its function in tuberculosis may be related to IL‐10.
Development of mucoadhesive modified kappa‐carrageenan/pectin patches for controlled delivery of drug in the buccal cavity
Authors: Özkahraman Bengi , Özbaş Zehra , Yaşayan Gökçen , Akgüner Zeynep Püren , Yarımcan Filiz , Alarçin Emine , Bal‐Öztürk Ayça 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, modified kappa‐carrageenan/pectin hydrogel patches were fabricated for treatment of buccal fungal infections. For this purpose, kappa‐carrageenan‐g‐acrylic acid was modified with different thiolated agents (L‐cysteine and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid), and the thiol content of the resulting modified kappa‐carrageenan was confirmed by elemental analyzer. Then, the hydrogel patches were fabricated, and characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ex vivo mucoadhesion test, and swelling behavior. Triamcinolone acetonide was added either directly or by encapsulating within the poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The release amount of the drug from the directly loaded patch was 7.81 mg/g polymer, while it was 3.28 mg/g polymer for the encapsulated patch with the same content at 7 hr. The hydrogel patches had no cytotoxicity by cell culture studies. Finally, the drug loaded hydrogel patches were demonstrated antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. These results provide that the novel modified kappa‐carrageenan and pectin based buccal delivery system has promising antifungal property, and could have advantages compared to conventional buccal delivery systems.
In vivo evaluation of bone regeneration behavior of novel β‐tricalcium phosphate/layered double hydroxide nanocomposite granule as bone graft substitutes
Authors: Eskandari Neda , Shafiei Seyedeh Sara , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Farzad‐Mohajeri Saeed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was based on in vivo assessment of bone regeneration capacity of synthesized porous β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) nanocomposite granules and aimed to explore the effects of fabricated β‐TCP granules reinforced with layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanoclay compared to β‐TCP granules, in terms of osteoconductivity and biodegradability. Granules with diameters of 2–3 mm were implanted into cavities drilled in rabbit distal femur and were left in situ for up to 3 months. The mechanical study demonstrated that the presence of LDH nanoparticles in β‐TCP granules resulted in a significant increase in compressive modulus from 174.4 to 231.4 MPa, while the porosity was constant at 76%–80%. The results revealed that the obtained granules showed no cytotoxicity. In this study, x‐ray radiographic, micro‐computed tomography, and histological staining analysis were taken to evaluate the percentage of bone ingrowth and biodegradability of the porous granules. The results exhibited that both granules support bone regeneration and also the amount of new bone formation in the bone defect filled with both granules was almost six times higher than the empty defects. Although no significant difference in bone formation for two different granules was observed, a higher biodegradability was detected in β‐TCP granules in comparison to β‐TCP/LDH granules. Overall, the addition of LDH nanoclay (10%) enhanced the physicochemical and mechanical properties of β‐TCP granules while it is biological and osteoconductity properties have been maintained and its biodegradation rate has been decreased.
Rapid reduction in triglyceride levels by therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Zhu , Huang Xiaolong , Zhang Minwei , Han Na , Ning Yaogui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on lowering triglyceride (TG) levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HLAP).MethodsThe TG‐lowering in patients with HLAP was compared between the TPE group and conservative treatment group (non‐TPE). The primary outcome was TG reduction to less than 500 mg/dL within 48 hours.ResultsThe primary outcome was significantly correlated with TPE (univariate analysis odds ratio [OR] 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30‐5.79, P = .008; multivariate analysis OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.28‐7.19, P = .012). At 24 and 48 hours, conservative treatment resulted in a 48.24% and 70.44% reduction in TG, while TPE resulted in a 70.91% and 76.39% reduction in TG, respectively. A more rapid decrease of in TGs in a short period was clearly associated with TPE (P < .001 for interaction). After 72 hours, the TGs decreased by approximately 77% in both groups, with no significant difference (P = .563). There was no difference between groups in clinical outcomes over the acute time period or over the longer term.ConclusionsIn patients with HLAP, TPE resulted in a short‐term and rapid reduction in plasma TG concentrations, with no significant advantage over non‐TPE after 72 hours.
Prognostic factors and combined use of tocilizumab and corticosteroids in a Spanish cohort of elderly COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Duarte‐Millán Miguel A. , Mesa‐Plaza Nieves , Guerrero‐Santillán Marta , Morales‐Ortega Alejandro , Bernal‐Bello David , Farfán‐Sedano Ana I. , García de Viedma‐García Vanessa , Velázquez‐Ríos Laura , Frutos‐Pérez Begoña , De Ancos‐Aracil Cristina L. , Soria Fernández‐Llamazares Guillermo , Toledano‐Macías María , Cristóbal‐Bilbao Rafael , Luquín‐Ciuro Nuria , Marrero‐Francés Jorge , Piedrabuena‐García Sara I. , Satué‐Bartolomé José A. , Gonzalo‐Pascua Sonia , Rivilla‐Jiménez Marta , Carpintero‐García Lorena , Ayala‐Larrañaga Ibone , García‐Bermúdez Virginia , Lara‐Montes Celia , Llerena‐Riofrío Álvaro R. , RIvas‐Prado Luis , Walter Stefan , Escriba‐Barcena Almudena , San Martín López Juan V. , Ruíz‐Giardín José M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in elderly patients is more aggressive and treatments have shown limited efficacy. Our objective is to describe the clinical course and to analyze the prognostic factors associated with a higher risk of mortality of a cohort of patients older than 80 years. In addition, we assess the efficacy of immunosuppressive treatments in this population. We analyzed the data from 163 patients older than 80 years admitted to our institution for COVID‐19, during March and April 2020. A Lasso regression model and subsequent multivariate Cox regression were performed to select variables predictive of death. We evaluated the efficacy of immunomodulatory therapy in three cohorts using adjusted survival analysis. The mortality rate was 43%. The mean age was 85.2 years. The disease was considered severe in 76.1% of the cases. Lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression indicated that factors correlated with hospital mortality were: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.22), alcohol consumption (HR 3.15, 95% CI: 1.27–7.84), CRP > 10 mg/dL (HR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.36–5.24), and oxygen support with Venturi Mask (HR 6.37, 95% CI: 2.18–18.62) or reservoir (HR 7.87, 95% CI: 3.37–18.38). Previous treatment with antiplatelets was the only protective factor (HR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23–0.96). In the adjusted treatment efficacy analysis, we found benefit in the combined use of tocilizumab (TCZ) and corticosteroids (CS) (HR 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.74) compared to standard treatment, with no benefit of CS alone (HR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.53–1.71). Hospitalized elderly patients suffer from a severe and often fatal form of COVID‐19 disease. In this regard, several parameters might identify high‐risk patients upon admission. Combined use of TCZ and CS could improve survival.
Anthropogenic influence on compound dry and hot events in China based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models
Authors: Wu Xinying , Hao Zengchao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xuan , Hao Fanghua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompared to individual dry or hot events, compound dry and hot events (CDHEs) usually pose more severe economic and societal impacts. A growing body of literature investigates the role of anthropogenic forcing on variations of individual dry and hot events at different spatial scales. However, the attribution of CDHEs in China using model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) has received little attention. This study investigates the anthropogenic influence on CDHEs during summer in China and projects their future occurrences using CMIP6 simulations with data from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) as observations. The results show that large regions of China experienced a significantly increased frequency of CDHEs during 1971–2010 relative to 1931–1970, which is overall captured by the CMIP6 simulations. Anthropogenic forcing is shown to contribute to the high likelihood of CDHEs in recent decades over most parts of China, with remarkable contributions in southwestern regions. Under future socioeconomic development scenarios, these CDHEs are projected to become more frequent in 2021–2100, which will increase by approximately 51.56–55.00% on average compared to that in 1931–2010. This study could aid the development of mitigation strategies of CDHEs across China under global warming.
Association Between Insurance Type and Outcomes of Reconstructive Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Liu Derek H. , Yu Alison J. , Ding Li , Swanson Mark S. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough the benefits of expanding health insurance coverage are clear, there are limited studies comparing the different types of insurance. This study aims to determine the association between insurance type and outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing reconstructive surgery in the United States.MethodsPopulation‐based cross‐sectional study of the 2012–2014 National Inpatient Sample. We identified 1,314 patients with head and neck cancers undergoing tumor ablative surgery followed by pedicled or free flap reconstruction of oncologic defects. Insurance type was classified as private, Medicare, Medicaid, self‐pay, or other. The primary outcome was extended length of stay (LOS), defined as greater than 14 days, which represented the 75th percentile of the study sample. Secondary outcomes included acute medical complications, surgical complications, morbidities, and costs. Analyses were adjusted for gender, geographic location, and various medical comorbidities.ResultsIn univariate analysis, insurance type was associated with extended LOS (P = .001), medical complications (P = <.001), and mortalities (P = .020). After controlling for other covariates in the multivariate analysis, compared to private insurance, Medicare and Medicaid were both associated with significantly higher odds of extended LOS (adjusted odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.73 [1.09–2.76] and 2.22 [1.38–3.58], respectively). Medicare was associated with significantly higher odds of medical complications, but Medicaid was not (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.53 [1.02–2.31] and 1.64 [0.97–2.78], respectively).ConclusionsMedicaid and Medicare were independently associated with extended LOS after reconstructive head and neck cancer surgery. Medicare was associated with higher rates of medical complications. Efforts to address LOS should target care planning and coordination.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1946–1952, 2022