bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicinal plants used among pregnant women in a tertiary teaching hospital in Jimma, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Seid Mussa , Sundby Johanne , Aragaw Yesuf Ahmed , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate and describe the use of medicinal plants during pregnancy among women admitted in the Maternity and Gynaecology wards at Jimma University Medical Centre (JUMC) in the southwest Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingMaternity and Gynaecology wards at JUMC.Participants1117 hospitalised pregnant women or postpartum women.Main outcome measuresOur primary outcomes of interest were the prevalence of use, types of medicinal plants used and their utilisation among pregnant women.MethodsData were collected through structured face-to-face interviews of pregnant women or postpartum women and review of patient medical records between February and June 2017.ResultsOverall, 28.6% of the women reported use of at least one medicinal plant during the pregnancy. Twenty-seven different types of medicinal plants were used. The most commonly used medicinal plants wereLinum usitatissimumL. (flaxseed—use with caution) 22.0%,Ocimum lamiifoliumL. (damakessie—safety unknown) 3.6% andCarica papayaL. (papaya—use with caution) 3.1%. The most common reason for use was preparation, induction or shortening of labour. Lack of access to health facility (mainly health posts), admission to maternity ward,khatchewing and alcohol consumption were the strongest predictors of medicinal plants use during pregnancy (OR >2). Only five medicinal plants used by women had sufficient evidence to be classified as safe to use in pregnancy.ConclusionsAlmost one-third of women at the tertiary hospital in Ethiopia reported use of medicinal plants during pregnancy, most frequently to prepare, induce, reduce the intensity or shorten duration of labour. Increased awareness about potential benefits or risks of medicinal plants use during pregnancy among healthcare professionals and patients, and increased access to childbirth providing healthcare facilities are important in order to promote safer pregnancies and better health outcomes for women and their unborn children.
Recruitment challenges to the I CARE study: a randomised trial on general practitioner-led colon cancer survivorship care
Authors: Duineveld Laura A M , Vos Julien A M , Wieldraaijer Thijs , Donkervoort Sandra C , Wind Jan , van Weert Henk C P M , van Asselt Kristel M 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThe I CARE study (Improving Care After colon canceR treatment in the Netherlands) aims to compare surgeon-led to general practitioner (GP)-led colon cancer survivorship care. Recruitment to the trial took longer than expected. In this descriptive study, recruitment is critically reviewed.SettingPatients were recruited from eight Dutch medical centres.ParticipantsPatients treated with curative intent for stages I–III colon cancer. Target patient sample size was calculated at 300.InterventionsPatients were randomised to surgeon-led (usual) versus GP-led care, with or without access to an eHealth application (Oncokompas).Outcome measuresBaseline characteristics of (non-)participants, reasons for non-participation and strategies to improve recruitment were reviewed.ResultsOut of 1238 eligible patients, 353 patients were included. Of these, 50 patients dropped out shortly after randomisation and before start of the intervention, resulting in a participation rate of 25%. Participants were on average slightly younger (68.1 years vs 69.3 years) and more often male (67% vs 50%) in comparison to non-participants. A total of 806 patients declined participation for reasons most often relating to research (57%), including the wish to remain in specialist care (31%) and too much effort to participate (12%). Some patients mentioned health (9%) and confrontation with the disease (5%) as a reason. In 43 cases, GPs declined participation, often related to the study objective, need for financial compensation and time restraints. The generally low participation rate led to concerns about reaching the target sample size. Methods to overcome recruitment challenges included changes to the original recruitment procedure and the addition of new study centres.ConclusionsChallenges were faced in the recruitment to a randomised trial on GP-led colon cancer survivorship care. Research on the transition of care requires sufficient time, funding and support base among patients and healthcare professionals. These findings will help inform researchers and policy-makers on the development of future practices.Trial registration numberNTR4860.
Systematic review of the factors and the key indicators that identify doctors at risk of complaints, malpractice claims or impaired performance
Authors: Austin Elizabeth E , Do Vu , Nullwala Ruqaiya , Fajardo Pulido Diana , Hibbert Peter D , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Arnolda Gaston , Wiles Louise K , Theodorou Tahlia , Tran Yvonne , Lystad Reidar P , Hatem Sarah , Long Janet C , Rapport Frances , Pantle Annette , Clay-Williams Robyn 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors associated with complaints, malpractice claims and impaired performance in medical practitioners.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesOvid-Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 2011 until March 2020. Reference lists and Google were also handsearched.ResultsSixty-seven peer-reviewed papers and three grey literature publications from 2011 to March 2020 were reviewed by pairs of independent reviewers. Twenty-three key factors identified, which were categorised as demographic or workplace related. Gender, age, years spent in practice and greater number of patient lists were associated with higher risk of malpractice claim or complaint. Risk factors associated with physician impaired performance included substance abuse and burn-out.ConclusionsIt is likely that risk factors are interdependent with no single factor as a strong predictor of a doctor’s risk to the public. Risk factors for malpractice claim or complaint are likely to be country specific due to differences in governance structures, processes and funding. Risk factors for impaired performance are likely to be specialty specific due to differences in work culture and access to substances. New ways of supporting doctors might be developed, using risk factor data to reduce adverse events and patient harm.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO registration number: CRD42020182045.
Improving medical residents’ utilisation of integrated mental health in primary care
Authors: Palladino Jenna , Frum-Vassallo Deirdra , Taylor Joanne D , Webb Victoria L 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundIntegration of mental health services allows for improved prevention and management of chronic conditions within the primary care setting. This quality improvement project aimed to increase adherence to and functioning of an integrated care model within a patient-centred medical home. Specifically, the project focused on improving collaboration between Primary Care Mental Health Integration (PC-MHI) and the medical resident Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Northport,New York (VAMC Northport).MethodThe project used increased education, training and relationship building among the medical resident PACTs, and the establishment of regularly occurring integrated team meetings for medical and mental health providers. Education of residents was measured with a self-assessment pre-training and post-training, while utilisation was measured by the percentage of patients currently on a PACT’s panel with at least one PC-MHI encounter in the last 12 months (known in VAMC Northport as PACT-15 metric).ResultsTwo resident PACTs that received both training and weekly integrated meetings increased their utilisation of integrated mental health services by 3.8% and 4.5%, respectively. PACTs that participated in training only, with no regular meetings, showed an initial improvement in utilisation that declined over time.ConclusionsTraining alone appeared beneficial but insufficient for increased integration over time. The addition of a regularly occurring integrated weekly meeting may be a critical component of facilitating sustained mental health integration in a primary care medical home model.
Maternal obesity, pregnancy weight gain, and birth weight and risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Murphy Caitlin C , Cirillo Piera M , Krigbaum Nickilou Y , Singal Amit G , Lee MinJae , Zaki Timothy , Burstein Ezra , Cohn Barbara A 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for CRC, and fetal or developmental origins of obesity may underlie its effect on cancer in adulthood. We examined associations of maternal obesity, pregnancy weight gain, and birth weight and CRC in adult offspring.DesignThe Child Health and Development Studies is a prospective cohort of women receiving prenatal care between 1959 and 1966 in Oakland, California (N=18 751 live births among 14 507 mothers). Clinical information was abstracted from mothers’ medical records 6 months prior to pregnancy through delivery. Diagnoses of CRC in adult (age ≥18 years) offspring were ascertained through 2019 by linkage with the California Cancer Registry. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted HR (aHR); we examined effect measure modification using single-referent models to estimate the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).Results68 offspring were diagnosed with CRC over 738 048 person-years of follow-up, and half (48.5%) were diagnosed younger than age 50 years. Maternal obesity (≥30 kg/m2) increased the risk of CRC in offspring (aHR 2.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 6.02). Total weight gain modified the association of rate of early weight gain (RERI −4.37, 95% CI −9.49 to 0.76), suggesting discordant growth from early to late pregnancy increases risk. There was an elevated association with birth weight (≥4000 g: aHR 1.95, 95% CI 0.8 to 4.38).ConclusionOur results suggest that in utero events are important risk factors for CRC and may contribute to increasing incidence rates in younger adults.
Fostering intrinsic motivation in remote undergraduate histopathology education
Authors: Uraiby Hussein , Grafton-Clarke Ciaran , Gordon Morris , Sereno Marco , Powell Barbara , McCarthy Mark 
Published: August 2021

AimsThe levels of abstraction, vast vocabulary and high cognitive load present significant challenges in undergraduate histopathology education. Self-determination theory describes three psychological needs which promote intrinsic motivation. This paper describes, evaluates and justifies a remotely conducted, post-COVID-19 histopathology placement designed to foster intrinsic motivation.Methods90 fourth-year medical students took part in combined synchronous and asynchronous remote placements integrating virtual microscopy into complete patient narratives through Google Classroom, culminating in remote, simulated multidisciplinary team meeting sessions allowing participants to vote on ‘red flag’ signs and symptoms, investigations, histological diagnoses, staging and management of simulated virtual patients. The placement was designed to foster autonomy, competence and relatedness, generating authenticity, transdisciplinary integration and clinical relevance. A postpositivistic evaluation was undertaken with a validated preplacement and postplacement questionnaire capturing quantitative and qualitative data.ResultsThere was a significant (p<0.001) improvement in interest, confidence and competence in histopathology. Clinical integration and relevance, access to interactive resources and collaborative learning promoted engagement and sustainability post-COVID-19. Barriers to online engagement included participant lack of confidence and self-awareness in front of peers.ConclusionsFostering autonomy, competence and relatedness in post-COVID-19, remote educational designs can promote intrinsic motivation and authentic educational experiences. Ensuring transdisciplinary clinical integration, the appropriate use of novel technology and a focus on patient narratives can underpin the relevance of undergraduate histopathology education. The presentation of normal and diseased tissue in this way can serve as an important mode for the acquisition and application of clinically relevant knowledge expected of graduates.
Effects of exercise training in people with non-small cell lung cancer before lung resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gravier Francis-Edouard , Smondack Pauline , Prieur Guillaume , Medrinal Clement , Combret Yann , Muir Jean-François , Baste Jean-Marc , Cuvelier Antoine , Boujibar Fairuz , Bonnevie Tristan 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionExercise training before lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer is believed to decrease postoperative complications (POC) by improving cardiorespiratory fitness. However, this intervention lacks a strong evidence base.AimTo assess the effectiveness of preoperative exercise training compared with usual care on POC and other secondary outcomes in patients with scheduled lung resection.MethodsA systematic search of randomised trials was conducted by two authors. Meta-analysis was performed, and the effect of exercise training was estimated by risk ratios (RR) and mean differences, with their CIs. Clinical usefulness was estimated according to minimal important difference values (MID).ResultsFourteen studies involving 791 participants were included. Compared with usual care, exercise training reduced overall POC (10 studies, 617 participants, RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.75) and clinically relevant POC (4 studies, 302 participants, Clavien-Dindo score ≥2 RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.69). The estimate of the effect of exercise training on mortality was very imprecise (6 studies, 456 participants, RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.20 to 2.22). The main risks of bias were a lack of participant blinding and selective reporting. Exercise training appeared to improve exercise capacity, pulmonary function and also quality of life and depression, although the clinical usefulness of the changes was unclear. The quality of the evidence was graded for each outcome.ConclusionPreoperative exercise training leads to a worthwhile reduction in postoperative complications. These estimates were both accurate and large enough to make recommendations for clinical practice.
Precision enhancement of smartphone sensor-based pavement roughness estimation by standardizing host vehicle speed
Authors: Janani L. , Doley Rashmi , Sunitha V. , Mathew Samson 
Published: August 2021

Condition assessment of pavement has a predominant part in delivering safety and comfort to users. Roughness is considered the most important characteristic as it affects road safety and vehicle operating costs. Authorities spend significant quantity of resources on using conventional methods for measuring roughness. Many researches are performed to estimate roughness by deploying smartphone sensors. However, no consideration is given to the influence of the speed of the host vehicle in roughness evaluation using smartphones. This work explains a smartphone sensor-based roughness evaluation technique by deploying the quarter car simulation model. The accuracy is checked with the simultaneously collected international roughness index (IRI) measured by a roughometer. Results of the smartphone-based pavement roughness estimation experiment showed a high correlation value of 0.73, and proved the accuracy of the method. The data were segregated based on three speed ranges. The correlation between the smartphone-based and roughometer-based IRI for all ranges was analyzed, and the R2 value of 0.75 was exhibited for 31–50 km/h range.
Kerr–Schild metrics in teleparallel gravity
Authors: Fröb Markus B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe show that the Kerr–Schild ansatz can be extended from the metric to the tetrad, and then to teleparallel gravity where curvature vanishes but torsion does not. We derive the equations of motion for the Kerr–Schild null vector, and describe the solution for a rotating black hole in this framework. It is shown that the solution depends on the chosen tetrad in a non-trivial way if the spin connection is fixed to be the one of the flat background spacetime. We show furthermore that any Kerr–Schild solution with a flat background is also a solution of $$f({\mathcal {T}})$$

f
(
T
)

gravity.
Constrains on the electric charges of the binary black holes with GWTC-1 events
Authors: Wang Hai-Tang , Li Peng-Cheng , Jiang Jin-Liang , Yuan Guan-Wen , Hu Yi-Ming , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTesting black hole’s charged property is a fascinating topic in modified gravity and black hole astrophysics. In the first Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-1), ten binary black hole merger events have been formally reported, and these gravitational wave signals have significantly enhanced our understanding of the black hole. In this paper, we try to constrain the amount of electric charge with the parameterized post-Einsteinian framework by treating the electric charge as a small perturbation in a Bayesian way. We find that the current limits in our work are consistent with the result of Fisher information matrix method in previous works. We also develop a waveform model considering a leading order charge effect for binary black hole inspiral.
Diffusion and flow across shape-perturbed plasmodesmata nanopores in plants
Authors: Christensen Anneline H. , Stone Howard A. , Jensen Kaare H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlasmodesmata are slender nanochannels that link neighboring plant cells and enable the exchange of nutrients and signaling molecules. Recent experiments have demonstrated significant variability in the concentric pore shape. However, the impact of these geometric fluctuations on transport capacity is unknown. Here, we consider the effects on diffusion and advection of two ideal shape perturbations: a radial displacement of the entire central desmotubule and a harmonic variation in the cytoplasmic sleeve width along the length of the pore. We use Fick’s law and the lubrication approximation to determine the diffusive current and volumetric flow rate across the pore. Our results indicate that an off-center desmotubule always increases the pressure-driven flow rate. However, the diffusive current is only enhanced for particles comparable in size to the width of the channel. In contrast, harmonic variations in the cytoplasmic sleeve width along the length of the pore reduce both the diffusive current and the pressure-driven flow. The simple models presented here demonstrate that shape perturbations can significantly influence transport across plasmodesmata nanopores.
Energetic, Exergetic, Environmental, and Economic Assessment of a Cascade Refrigeration System Operating with Four Different Ecological Refrigerant Pairs
Authors: de Paula Cleison Henrique , Duarte Willian Moreira , Rocha Thiago Torres Martins , de Oliveira Raphael Nunes , Maia Antônio Augusto Torres 
Published: August 2021

In this work, a cascade refrigeration system operating with four different ecological refrigerant pairs was modeled. This system uses R744 (Carbon dioxide) in the low-temperature cycle and operates with R290 (propane), R1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene), R152a (1,1-difluorethane), and R717 (ammonia) in the high-temperature cycle. Energetic, exergetic, environmental, and economic performance of the cascade system was investigated to determine the most appropriate ecological refrigerant couple. The parameters used in each mentioned performance were COP (Coefficient of Performance), [Formula: see text] (Exergy Efficiency), TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact), ECOP (Ecological coefficient of performance), and [Formula: see text] (Total plant cost rate), respectively. The results showed that the cascade refrigeration system operating with R744/R717 provided the best performance for the thermodynamic conditions analyzed, presenting a COP of 2.10, [Formula: see text] of 56.9%, [Formula: see text] of 24 334 USD/year, ECOP of 4.86, and TEWI of 25.67 tons of CO2. Finally, evaluating the total plant cost rate of this cascade system, it was noted that the capital and maintenance cost rate [Formula: see text] corresponds to 89.1% of the [Formula: see text] value, the operational cost rate [Formula: see text] corresponds to 10.27% of the [Formula: see text] value and the environmental cost rate [Formula: see text] corresponds to 0.63% of [Formula: see text].
Metastasis-Entrained Eosinophils Enhance Lymphocyte-Mediated Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Grisaru-Tal Sharon , Dulberg Shai , Beck Lir , Zhang Chunyan , Itan Michal , Hediyeh-zadeh Soroor , Caldwell Julie , Rozenberg Perri , Dolitzky Avishay , Avlas Shmuel , Hazut Inbal , Gordon Yaara , Shani Ophir , Tsuriel Shlomo , Gerlic Motti , Erez Neta , Jacquelot Nicolas , Belz Gabrielle T. , Rothenberg Marc E. , Davis Melissa J. , Yu Hua , Geiger Tamar , Madi Asaf , Munitz Ariel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The recognition of the immune system as a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) led to promising therapeutics. Because such therapies benefit only subsets of patients, understanding the activities of immune cells in the TME is required. Eosinophils are an integral part of the TME especially in mucosal tumors. Nonetheless, their role in the TME and the environmental cues that direct their activities are largely unknown. We report that breast cancer lung metastases are characterized by resident and recruited eosinophils. Eosinophil recruitment to the metastatic sites in the lung was regulated by G protein–coupled receptor signaling but independent of CCR3. Functionally, eosinophils promoted lymphocyte-mediated antitumor immunity. Transcriptome and proteomic analyses identified the TME rather than intrinsic differences between eosinophil subsets as a key instructing factor directing antitumorigenic eosinophil activities. Specifically, TNFα/IFNγ–activated eosinophils facilitated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and promoted antitumor immunity. Collectively, we identify a mechanism by which the TME trains eosinophils to adopt antitumorigenic properties, which may lead to the development of eosinophil-targeted therapeutics.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate antitumor activities of eosinophils in the metastatic tumor microenvironment, suggesting that harnessing eosinophil activity may be a viable clinical strategy in patients with cancer.
A Thematic Analysis of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) State Party Reporting Mechanisms Related To Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport
Authors: Yelamos Gerard Masdeu , Carney Sarah , Carty Catherine , MacLachlan Malcom 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) is the most ratified human rights treaty. In this article, three intimately connected concepts will be explored in relation to the framework of the State Party reporting mechanism related to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: physical education, physical activity and sport (pepas). A documentary analysis of three key document types from the Treaty Body reporting mechanisms was undertaken, including State Parties Reports (n = 104), List of Issues (n = 126) and Concerns/Observations and Recommendations (n = 797). There was a very low prevalence of the concepts of physical education, physical activity and, to a greater extent, sport, in these three reports. Seven themes emerged after the qualitative analysis: sport programmes, school-based sport, legislation and policies, key agents, interdisciplinary approach, enablers of sport and miscellaneous. Increased questioning of States with regards to their implementation of the right to sport, the issuance of pepas-based recommendations and guidance on how to achieve these rights from the Treaty Bodies would assist in solidifying understanding of sport as a human right and increase the impetus on States to act for pepas provision.