bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in pediatric allergy research
Authors: Lisik Daniil , Basna Rani , Dinh Tai , Hennig Christian , Shah Syed Ahmar , Wennergren Göran , Goksör Emma , Nwaru Bright I. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma are among the most common diseases in childhood. They are heterogeneous diseases, can co-exist in their development, and manifest complex associations with other disorders and environmental and hereditary factors. Elucidating these intricacies by identifying clinically distinguishable groups and actionable risk factors will allow for better understanding of the diseases, which will enhance clinical management and benefit society and affected individuals and families. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool in this context, enabling discovery of meaningful patterns in complex data. Numerous studies within pediatric allergy have and continue to use AI, primarily to characterize disease endotypes/phenotypes and to develop models to predict future disease outcomes. However, most implementations have used relatively simplistic data from one source, such as questionnaires. In addition, methodological approaches and reporting are lacking. This review provides a practical hands-on guide for conducting AI-based studies in pediatric allergy, including (1) an introduction to essential AI concepts and techniques, (2) a blueprint for structuring analysis pipelines (from selection of variables to interpretation of results), and (3) an overview of common pitfalls and remedies. Furthermore, the state-of-the art in the implementation of AI in pediatric allergy research, as well as implications and future perspectives are discussed.

Conclusion: AI-based solutions will undoubtedly transform pediatric allergy research, as showcased by promising findings and innovative technical solutions, but to fully harness the potential, methodologically robust implementation of more advanced techniques on richer data will be needed.

What is Known:• Pediatric allergies are heterogeneous and common, inflicting substantial morbidity and societal costs.• The field of artificial intelligence is undergoing rapid development, with increasing implementation in various fields of medicine and research.

What is New:• Promising applications of AI in pediatric allergy have been reported, but implementation largely lags behind other fields, particularly in regard to use of advanced algorithms and non-tabular data. Furthermore, lacking reporting on computational approaches hampers evidence synthesis and critical appraisal.• Multi-center collaborations with multi-omics and rich unstructured data as well as utilization of deep learning algorithms are lacking and will likely provide the most impactful discoveries.
From supportive care to trauma: training integrative practitioners in the treatment of acute stress disorder
Authors: Ben-Arye Eran , Rubinstein Dori , Keshet Yael , Samuels Noah , Stoffman Gali , Lahad Mooli , Reshef Alon , Schiff Elad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
The present conflict in Israel has led to a surge in cases of acute stress disorder (ASD). The study examined a training program for integrative medicine (IM) providers working in supportive and palliative care settings, teaching clinical skills for treating ASD.

Methods
A 10-h online training program, designed by supportive care trained IM and mental health professionals was attended by a group of 32 IM providers. The impact of the course was assessed using pre- and post-training questionnaires, which underwent qualitative evaluation. Three open-ended questions addressed expectations from the program, anticipated barriers to combining IM with mental health interventions, and explored willingness for multi-disciplinary collaboration. A conventional content analysis was used, where coding categories are derived directly from the text data. Narratives were analyzed using ATLAS.ti software for systematic coding.

Results
Narrative themes identified within the group of 32 trainees included expectations regarding facilitating a multi-disciplinary integrative model of care, enriching the ASD-related clinical “toolbox,” increasing the effectiveness of IM treatments, and reducing IM treatment-associated risks. Insights were provided for bridging communication gaps between IM practitioners and mental health providers, supporting the multi-disciplinary collaboration.

Conclusions
ASD-focused training for IM practitioners may increase their level of clinical skills and advance collaboration with mental health providers. Future research examining the feasibility of the integrative model and its implementation in supportive care setting is warranted.
Crush injuries to the lower limbs at a major UK trauma centre: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Rama Essam , Jayawant Saania , Zhang James , Krkovic Matija 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Crush injuries result from the physical compression of muscles and may lead to crush syndrome. Early fluid resuscitation and surgical intervention is key. Few studies have reported the outcomes of crush injuries in the non-disaster setting. This retrospective study aims to characterise such cases.

Methods
Patients with lower limb crush injuries were identified from an internal database. Non-crush injuries and patients under the age of 18 were excluded. Types of injuries, management, and complications were extracted.

Results
27 patients were included. The right leg (n = 10) was the most frequently injured site. Mechanisms included being run over by vehicles (n = 10) and being crushed by, between, or inside vehicles (n = 8). Fractures were the most common acute injuries (n = 16), while other injuries included rhabdomyolysis, compartment syndrome and degloving. Fluid resuscitation was required in 17 patients. 58 surgeries were performed on 18 patients, with wound debridement and amputations being common. Complications such as acute kidney injury, hyperkalaemia, and sepsis were noted during hospitalisation. Individuals with injuries to the leg or thigh experienced a greater burden of injury and incidence of in-hospital complications compared to those with isolated injuries to the foot.

Conclusion
Crush injuries in the non-disaster setting show distinct mechanisms and injury patterns. Those with crush injuries to the leg or thigh more closely resemble a patient cohort seen in the disaster setting compared to those with isolated foot injuries.
Electroanalytical overview: the use of sonoelectroanalysis
Authors: Crapnell Robert D. , Bernalte Elena , Ji Xiaobo , Banks Craig E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe synergy of power ultrasound (20–100 kHz) with electrochemistry provides a powerful approach, termed “sonoelectrochemistry”. A useful method that overcomes the use of classical laboratory–based analytical instrumentation is the association of power ultrasound with electroanalytical chemistry, termed “sonoelectroanalysis”. In this overview, we explore the use of sonoelectroanalysis which builds upon Professor Frank Marken’s endeavours with Professor Richard G. Compton. We focus upon fundamental sonoelectrochemical approaches before reviewing the use of sonoelectroanalysis and its enhanced sensitivity and selectivity towards analytes, with an emphasis upon its use within difficult real-world media.
Technical specification envelope for SiC semiconductors to enable high-power in space
Authors: Arrizabalaga Antxon , Álvarez Gustavo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh-power electrical systems are needed for the next space missions and the current space qualified silicon semiconductor technology is unable to provide the necessary technical figures to develop them. Following the trend on terrestrial industry, and due to the better physical characteristics when compared to silicon, the silicon carbide semiconductors are considered for their application in space, to address the challenge brought by the high-power. In close collaboration with the European space power industry, the technical characteristics of the new required semiconductors are gathered, classified, and presented in this work. First, the high-power applications mentioned by the industry and the innovation required in each one are presented. Next, the technical characteristics of the required semiconductors for each application and innovation are shown, generating a specific value envelope, starting with the voltage and current ratings, following with the conduction and switching characteristics, and finishing with the thermal requirements and the preferred packaging. Finally, other requirements such as driving components and knowledge generation and transfer are also addressed as requested by industry. This work is a connection between the space power industry and silicon carbide manufacturers, providing them a guide to shape the development of their next products and opening a new business case in space. By giving answer to the needs of the space power industry, this project provides ways for an early and successful adoption of the silicon carbide technology by the European space power industry, giving them an edge advantage over their competitors.
Representation in Engineering-Focused Children’s Literature: A Critical Content Analysis
Authors: Eckhoff Angela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChildren’s picturebooks have long been understood as a powerful medium for exploring aspects of children’s lives, experiences, and identities serving as mirrors which allow children to see themselves reflected, as windows through which they can gain insight into the experiences of others, and as sliding glass doors when children are connected to the story and characters in meaningful ways. Utilizing a critical content analytic approach, this research examined the identity markers and engineering practices found in contemporary children’s picturebooks with an engineering focus. The analysis yielded key themes that highlight the ways children can interact and connect to the characters and engineering content through both visual imagery and storyline. As the reviewed books held limited social, cultural, and personal identity representations, study findings hold implications for early childhood educators as they highlight the importance of affirming and connecting engineering and design work to the diverse, multifaceted identities of the students in their classrooms. Recommendations from this research call for extending traditional classroom building and construction experiences through the inclusion of engineering-focused children’s literature to enhance and extend children’s understandings of design and engineering work.
Vertebral osteomyelitis in patients with an underlying malignancy or chronic kidney disease – who is at higher risk for adverse outcome?
Authors: Jochimsen Dorothee , Yagdiran Ayla , Meyer-Schwickerath Charlotte , Sircar Krishnan , Kernich Nikolaus , Eysel Peer , Weber Carolyn , Jung Norma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) and comorbidities, notably chronic kidney disease (CKD), are at risk of early mortality. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics and outcomes of VO patients with an underlying malignancy (ONCO) to VO patients with CKD and VO patients without comorbidities (CONTROL).

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of data which was prospectively collected between 2008 and 2020. Primary outcome was treatment failure defined as death and/or recurrence of VO within one year.

Results
241 VO patients (ONCO = 56; CKD = 47; CONTROL = 138) were analysed. Treatment failure occurred in 26% of ONCO and 45% of CKD patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative pathogen in the CKD (57%) and CONTROL group (43%). ONCO patients showed a broader distribution of common VO-causing pathogens, with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) accounting for the highest proportion of causative bacteria (27%). Nevertheless, S.aureus was associated with a significantly higher risk of treatment failure in VO ONCO patients.

Conclusion
Treatment failure in VO CKD patients was twice as high as in VO ONCO patients. However, both groups showed high treatment failure rates. CoNS should be considered when starting empirical antibiotic treatment in VO ONCO patients. Moreover, oncological patients with VO caused by S.aureus should be monitored closely.
Rank-one systems, flexible classes and Shannon orbit equivalence
Authors: CORREIA CORENTIN 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We build a Shannon orbit equivalence between the universal odometer and a variety of rank-one systems. This is done in a unified manner using what we call flexible classes of rank-one transformations. Our main result is that every flexible class contains an element which is Shannon orbit equivalent to the universal odometer. Since a typical example of flexible class is

$\{T\}$

when T is an odometer, our work generalizes a recent result by Kerr and Li, stating that every odometer is Shannon orbit equivalent to the universal odometer. When the flexible class is a singleton, the rank-one transformation given by the main result is explicit. This applies to odometers and Chacon’s map. We also prove that strongly mixing systems, systems with a given eigenvalue, or irrational rotations whose angle belongs to any fixed non-empty open subset of the real line form flexible classes. In particular, strong mixing, rationality or irrationality of the eigenvalues are not preserved under Shannon orbit equivalence.
Education and outreach activities by the Antarctic Treaty Parties: topics and target audiences
Authors: Xavier José C. , Mateev Dragomir , Wilmotte Annick , Peña-Aguirre Andrea , Jupe Julie , Ramos-García Sonia , Abreu José , Alfonso Juan A. , Badhe Renuka , Beck Inga , Bialik Robert J. , Carvalho Andreia , Cotta Mihaela , Choquet Anne , Dotta Sílvia , Fioretti Anna M. , Fikizolo Lisolomzi , Grabow Johanna , Griffin Eoghan , Guímaro Hugo R. , Fialho Patricia , Fragão Joana , Huffman Louise T. , Jung Chaerin , Nath Chandrika , Ozsoy Burcu , de Pomereu Jean , Queirós José P. , Seco José , Shin Hyoung Chul , Topârceanu Florica , Vijayaraghavan Ramcharan , Espírito-Santo Marta , Sparrow Mike , Tiwari Anoop K. , Weeks Sophie , Hughes Kevin A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe relevance of education and outreach (E&O) activities about the Antarctic Treaty has been recognized at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) and at the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP). This study examines the key topics and the target audiences detailed in papers submitted to the ATCM on E&O. Since the Antarctic Treaty entered into force in 1961, a total of 216 ATCM papers on E&O have been produced. The number of papers has increased substantially since the mid-1990s. ‘Science’ (76.9%) and ‘Wildlife/Biodiversity/Environment’ (75.5%) were the most addressed topics in these papers, while the ‘Public’ (81.0%) and those attending ‘Schools’ (69.0%) are the main target audiences. ‘Science’ in ATCM papers increased ~120-fold from 1961–1997 to 2015–2023, while ATCM papers discussing engagement with the ‘Public’ increased ~40-fold during the same period. ‘Climate change’ was first mentioned in 2006, and the number of papers per year increased fourfold by 2015–2023. This study shows the increasing interest in E&O through time, addressing key topics to relevant audiences related to the Antarctic region. From an educational perspective, attention should be paid to emerging topics (e.g. equity, diversity and inclusion), and the engagement of early-career professionals and educators should be made a priority.
Predicting mire distribution using species distribution models: a case study of the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands
Authors: Sadiki Maleho M. , Greve Michelle , Hansen Christel D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPeatlands, covering approximately one-third of global wetlands, provide various ecological functions but are highly vulnerable to climate change, with their changes in space and time requiring monitoring. The sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) are a key conservation area for South Africa, as well as for the preservation of terrestrial ecosystems in the region. Peatlands (mires) found here are threatened by climate change, yet their distribution factors are poorly understood. This study attempted to predict mire distribution on the PEIs using species distribution models (SDMs) employing multiple regression-based and machine-learning models. The random forest model performed best. Key influencing factors were the Normalized Difference Water Index and slope, with low annual mean temperature, with low annual mean temperature, precipitation seasonality and distance from the coast being less influential. Despite moderate predictive ability, the model could only identify general areas of mires, not specific ones. Therefore, this study showed limited support for the use of SDMs in predicting mire distributions on the sub-Antarctic PEIs. It is recommended to refine the criteria used to select environmental factors and enhance the geospatial resolution of the data to improve the predictive accuracy of the models.
Resonance and stellar dynamos
Authors: Sokoloff D. , Yushkov E. , Serenkova A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPlanetary influence on a stellar convective shell can result in a periodic modulation of stellar dynamo drivers. Similar modulation can arise in stellar binary systems. Using the Parker low-mode dynamo model we investigate the properties of nonlinear parametric resonance. This model is a system of four ordinary differential equations and, in the first approximation, describes the processes of generation and oscillation of large-scale magnetic fields in stellar systems. In the absence of nonlinear suppression effects, the problem, by analogy with a system of harmonic oscillations, allows an asymptotic selection of multiple resonant frequencies. Despite the fact that at first glance at these frequencies it is reasonable to expect an increase in the amplitude, the behavior of the system can be just the opposite. All this stuff deserves a systematic analysis of swing excitation in the dynamo sistems in comparison with classical swing excitation in the framework of the Mathieu equation.
Characterizing Solar Spicules and their Role in Solar Wind Production using Machine Learning and the Hough Transform
Authors: Sadeghi R. , Tavabi E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSolar winds originate from the Sun and can be classified as fast or slow. Fast solar winds come from coronal holes at the solar poles, while slow solar winds may originate from the equatorial region or streamers. Spicules are jet-like structures observed in the Sun’s chromosphere and transition region. Some spicules exhibit rotating motion, potentially indicating vorticity and Alfvén waves. Machine learning and the Hough algorithm were used to analyze over 3000 frames of the Sun, identifying spicules and their characteristics. The study found that rotating spicules, accounting for 21% at the poles and 4% at the equator, play a role in energy transfer to the upper solar atmosphere. The observations suggest connections between spicules, mini-loops, magnetic reconnection, and the acceleration of fast solar winds. Understanding these small-scale structures is crucial for comprehending the origin and heating of the fast solar wind.
Features of the solar minimum 24/25 in the evolution of polar and non-polar coronal holes
Authors: Andreeva Olga 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present a study of the evolution of two types of coronal holes (CHs) in the solar minimum of 24/25, which was preceded by a prolonged minimum of 23/24 and a weak 24 solar cycle. The goal of the study is to clarify whether the behavior of CHs during this period is also unusual? The study is based on the material of observations obtained by SDO/AIA/193. The Heliophysics Events Knowledgebase was used to localize the CHs and calculate their areas. Analysis of the evolution of the areas of polar and non-polar CHs in solar minimum 24/25 revealed a number of features. The hemispheric asymmetry is evident both in solar activity indices and in the localization of maxima of polar and non-polar CH areas. The hemispheric area imbalance is minimal for polar CHs and pronounced in the regions of non-polar CHs and sunspots. This is consistent with the general concept of polar CHs as the main source of the Sun’s dipole magnetic field. The areas of polar CHs significantly exceed the areas of non-polar CHs and make a significant contribution to the total area of all CHs in the solar disk. It is concluded that the dynamics of polar and nonpolar CHs suggests that the 24/25 minimum is rather close to earlier minima than to the 23/24 minimum.
Effects of small-scale magnetic fields in the photosphere on surface effects for solar-like stars
Authors: Lin Guifang , Li Yan , Su Jie , Wu Tao , Wang Yuetong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnetic fields are important physics in stellar evolutionary theory, which seriously affects the stellar structure and evolutionary statues. The small-scale magnetic fields in the photosphere are ubiquitous, and float on the stellar surface, which usually couple with the acoustic waves, affecting the propagation of the acoustic waves. Considering the effect of the magnetic fields in the stellar photosphere on the oscillation frequencies, we calculate the asteroseismology for solar-like star KIC 11295426 and KIC 10963065. We obtain the stellar fundamental parameters, especially the strength of small-scale magnetic fields in the stellar photosphere. We find that the small-scale magnetic fields in the stellar photosphere may obviously improve the agreement between the observations and the theoretical models for two stars. The magnetic strength for KIC 11295426 and KIC 10963065 from asteroseismology are in agreement with the stellar period-activity relation.
Exploring the predictability of the solar cycle from the polar field rise rate: Results from observations and simulations
Authors: Biswas Akash 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe inherent stochastic and nonlinear nature of the solar dynamo makes the strength of the solar cycles vary in a wide range, making it difficult to predict the strength of an upcoming solar cycle. Recently, our work has shown that by using the observed correlation of the polar field rise rate with the peak of polar field at cycle minimum and amplitude of following cycle, an early prediction can be made. In a follow-up study, we perform SFT simulations to explore the robustness of this correlation against variation of meridional flow speed, and against stochastic fluctuations of BMR tilt properties that give rise to anti-Joy and anti-Hale type anomalous BMRs. The results suggest that the observed correlation is a robust feature of the solar cycle and can be utilized for a reliable prediction of peak strength of a cycle at least 2 to 3 years earlier than the minimum.
The North–South asymmetry of the number and magnetic fluxes of active regions of different magneto-morphological types in cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Zhukova Anastasiya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStatistical study of 3047 active regions (ARs) from 1996 to 2021 was performed using the catalog of the magneto-morphological classes (MMC) of ARs CrAO. According to the magneto-morphological classification of ARs proposed earlier, all ARs, except for unipolar spots, were sorted out between two categories: regular (bipolar groups obeying the Hale’s polarity law, the Joy’s law, etc.) and irregular ARs (all the rest). We analyzed the number and fluxes of ARs depending on their location in different (relative to the equator) hemispheres. We found that the trends for fluxes are more pronounced. For ARs of both MMC types, they demonstrate signs of both a multi-peak and double-peak structure. Some peaks coincide with the main maxima of the cycle. The second main maximum is mainly formed by the irregular ARs in the S-hemisphere. This might be due to the interaction of the dipole and quadrupole components of the global magnetic field.