bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is geoheritage a “cutting-edge” science? Promotion of an extension to the definition of geoheritage with emphasis as a significant discipline in geosciences with cultural and societal relevance
Authors: Rassios* Anne Ewing , Grieco Giovanni 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Geoheritage documentation is critical for the academic community, and thus incurs an expense to the general public, who may or may not feel the need to fund such an “academic” database. Fortunately, this documentation helps foster appreciation of geosites within a geotouristic framework and can inspire a nationalistic sense of pride, thus bringing about an economic incentive to countries actively involved in geoheritage research and documentation. Yet there remains a prejudice within academia that geoheritage is a descriptive field, is arbitrarily qualitative, and lacks the capacity to create new and important scientific discoveries. We present herein a description and discussion of the results of applying “cutting-edge” science in a geoheritage framework with ample examples from Greece and two case studies of its application. The first of these is The Aliakmon Legacy Project of Northern Greece that necessitated modern documentation to preserve its heritage base when plate tectonic global geoheritage localities were flooded. The second summarizes the geologic history of the Meteora World Heritage Site with an emphasis on how its long complex geologic history ultimately resulted in the Byzantine Monastic community. We propose this paper as a discussion model for the integration of primary geologic research with cultural heritage localities and emphasize that these promise to elevate geoheritage studies to a scale critical for documentation of human civilization itself. It is our opinion that geoheritage is capable of becoming a dynamic field of study in which documentation and preservation expands to integrate renewed multidisciplinary research that in turn comprises the scientific foundation of a “new” cutting-edge geologic field of study.
Epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of incident tuberculosis in children in Canada in 2013–2016: results of a national surveillance study
Authors: Morris Shaun K , Giroux Ryan J P , Consunji-Araneta Raquel , Stewart Kristoffor , Baikie Maureen , Kakkar Fatima , Zielinski David , Tse-Chang Alena , Cook Victoria J , Fisher Dina A , Salvadori Marina I , Pernica Jeffrey M , Sauve Laura J , Hui Charles , Miners Amber , Alvarez Gonzalo G , Al-Azem Assaad , Gallant Victor , Grueger Barbara , Lam Ray , Langley Joanne M , Radziminski Nicole , Rea Elizabeth , Wong Sam , Kitai Ian 
Published: August 2021

PurposeChildhood tuberculosis disease is difficult to diagnose and manage and is an under-recognised cause of morbidity and mortality. Reported data from Canada do not focus on childhood tuberculosis or capture key epidemiologic, clinical and microbiologic details. The purpose of this study was to assess demographics, presentation and clinical features of childhood tuberculosis in Canada.MethodsWe conducted prospective surveillance from 2013 to 2016 of over 2700 paediatricians plus vertical tuberculosis programmes for incident tuberculosis disease in children younger than 15 years in Canada using the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP).ResultsIn total, 200 cases are included in this study. Tuberculosis was intrathoracic in 183 patients of whom 86% had exclusively intrathoracic involvement. Central nervous system tuberculosis occurred in 16 cases (8%). Fifty-one per cent of cases were hospitalised and 11 (5.5%) admitted to an intensive care unit. Adverse drug reactions were reported in 9% of cases. The source case, most often a first-degree relative, was known in 73% of cases. Fifty-eight per cent of reported cases were Canadian-born Indigenous children. Estimated study rates of reported cases (per 100 000 children per year) were 1.2 overall, 8.6 for all Indigenous children and 54.3 for Inuit children.ConclusionChildhood tuberculosis may cause significant morbidity and resource utilisation. Key geographies and groups have very high incidence rates. Elimination of childhood tuberculosis in Canada will require well-resourced community-based efforts that focus on these highest risk groups.
Early childhood development and parental training interventions in rural China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Emmers Dorien , Jiang Qi , Xue Hao , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yunting , Zhao Yingxue , Liu Bin , Dill Sarah-Eve , Qian Yiwei , Warrinnier Nele , Johnstone Hannah , Cai Jianhua , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Lei , Luo Renfu , Li Guirong , Xu Jiajia , Liu Ming , Huang Yaqing , Shan Wenjie , Li Zhihui , Zhang Yu , Sylvia Sean , Ma Yue , Medina Alexis , Rozelle Scott 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionInadequate care during early childhood can lead to long-term deficits in skills. Parenting programmes that encourage investment in young children are a promising tool for improving early development outcomes and long-term opportunities in low-income and middle-income regions, such as rural China.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of early developmental delays and stimulating parenting practices as well as the effect of parental training programmes on child development outcomes in rural China. We obtained data in English from EconPapers, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus (Elsevier) and in Chinese from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and VIP Information. We conducted frequentist meta-analyses of aggregate data and estimated random-effects meta-regressions. Certainty of evidence was rated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsWe identified 19 observational studies on the prevalence of developmental delays and stimulating parenting practices for children under 5 years of age (n=19 762) and ten studies on the impact of parental training programmes on early child development (n=13 766). Children’s risk of cognitive, language and social-emotional delays in the rural study sites (covering 14 provinces mostly in Central and Western China) was 45%, 46%, and 36%, respectively. Parental training programmes had a positive impact on child cognition, language and social-emotional development.ConclusionThere is evidence to suggest that early developmental delay and the absence of stimulating parenting practices (ie, reading, storytelling and singing with children) may be prevalent across rural, low-income and middle-income regions in Central and Western China. Results support the effectiveness of parental training programmes to improve early development by encouraging parental engagement.Trial registration numberThis study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020218852).
B7 score and T cell infiltration stratify immune status in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhou Qianghua , Li Kaiwen , Lai Yiming , Yao Kai , Wang Qiong , Zhan Xiangyu , Peng Shirong , Cai Wenli , Yao Wei , Zang Xingxing , Xu Kewei , Huang Jian , Huang Hai 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis blockers, exhibit prominent antitumor effects against numerous malignancies, their benefit for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) has been somewhat marginal. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of B7-H3 or HHLA2 as alternative immunotherapeutic targets in PCa.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression pattern of PD-L1, B7-H3 and HHLA2 and the infiltration of CD8+ and Foxp3+ lymphocytes in 239 PCa tissues from two independent cohorts. The correlations between B7-H3 and HHLA2 and clinicopathological features, including the presence of CD8+ and Foxp3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), were explored.ResultsHHLA2 expression was much higher than PD-L1 expression but lower than B7-H3 expression in PCa tissues. High expression of both B7-H3 and HHLA2 was significantly associated with higher Gleason score and tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and dismal overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Moreover, a high B7 score, defined as high B7-H3 expression and/or high HHLA2 expression, was an independent prognostic predictor for PCa. Of note, a high B7 score was negatively correlated with CD8+ TILs. Importantly, a new immune classification, based on the B7 score and CD8+ TILs, successfully stratified OS and CSS in PCa.ConclusionsBoth B7-H3 and HHLA2 have a critical impact on the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and the B7 score could be used as an independent prognostic factor for PCa. The B7 score combined with CD8+ TILs could be used as a new immune classification to stratify the risk of death, especially cancer-related death, for patients with PCa. These findings may provide insights that could improve response to immune-related comprehensive therapy for PCa in the future.
Comparison of CSF and serum neurofilament light and heavy chain as differential diagnostic biomarkers for ALS
Authors: Halbgebauer Steffen , Steinacker Petra , Verde Federico , Weishaupt Jochen , Oeckl Patrick , von Arnim Christine , Dorst Johannes , Feneberg Emily , Mayer Benjamin , Rosenbohm Angela , Silani Vincenzo , Ludolph Albert C , Otto Markus 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveElevated levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and heavy (NfH) chain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum reflect neuro-axonal degeneration and are used as diagnostic biomarkers. However, studies comparing the differential diagnostic potential for ALS of all four parameters are missing. Here, we measured serum NfL/NfH and CSF NfL/NfH in a large cohort of ALS and other neurological disorders and analysed the differential diagnostic potential.MethodsIn total CSF and serum of 294 patients were analysed. The diagnostic groups comprised: ALS (n=75), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) (n=33), Alzheimer’s disease (n=20), Parkinson’s disease (dementia) (n=18), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n=11), non-neurodegenerative controls (n=77) (Con) and 60 patients who were seen under the direct differential diagnosis of a patient with ALS (Con.DD).ResultsCSF and serum NfL and NfH showed significantly increased levels in ALS (p<0.0001) compared with Con and Con.DD. The difference between ALS and FTLD was markedly stronger for NfH than for NfL. CSF and serum NfL demonstrated a stronger correlation (r=0.84 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.87), p<0.001) than CSF and serum NfH (r=0.68 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.75), p<0.0001). Comparing ALS and Con.DD, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the best area under the curve (AUC) value for CSF NfL (AUC=0.94, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98), followed by CSF NfH (0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.98), serum NfL (0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.97) and serum NfH (0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.94).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that CSF NfL and NfH as well as serum NfL are equally suited for the differential diagnosis of ALS, whereas serum NfH appears to be slightly less potent.
On the geometry of operator mixing in massless QCD-like theories
Authors: Bochicchio Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe revisit the operator mixing in massless QCD-like theories. In particular, we address the problem of determining under which conditions a renormalization scheme exists where the renormalized mixing matrix in the coordinate representation, $$Z(x, \mu )$$

Z
(
x
,
μ
)

, is diagonalizable to all perturbative orders. As a key step, we provide a differential-geometric interpretation of renormalization that allows us to apply the Poincaré-Dulac theorem to the problem above: We interpret a change of renormalization scheme as a (formal) holomorphic gauge transformation, $$-\frac{\gamma (g)}{\beta (g)}$$

-

γ
(
g
)

β
(
g
)

as a (formal) meromorphic connection with a Fuchsian singularity at $$g=0$$

g
=
0

, and $$Z(x,\mu )$$

Z
(
x
,
μ
)

as a Wilson line, with $$\gamma (g)=\gamma _0 g^2 + \cdots $$

γ

(
g
)

=

γ
0

g
2

+
⋯

the matrix of the anomalous dimensions and $$\beta (g)=-\beta _0 g^3 +\cdots $$

β

(
g
)

=
-

β
0

g
3

+
⋯

the beta function. As a consequence of the Poincaré-Dulac theorem, if the eigenvalues $$\lambda _1, \lambda _2, \ldots $$

λ
1

,

λ
2

,
…

of the matrix $$\frac{\gamma _0}{\beta _0}$$

γ
0

β
0

, in nonincreasing order $$\lambda _1 \ge \lambda _2 \ge \cdots $$

λ
1

≥

λ
2

≥
⋯

, satisfy the nonresonant condition $$\lambda _i -\lambda _j -2k \ne 0$$

λ
i

-

λ
j

-
2
k
≠
0

for $$i\le j$$

i
≤
j

and k a positive integer, then a renormalization scheme exists where $$-\frac{\gamma (g)}{\beta (g)} = \frac{\gamma _0}{\beta _0} \frac{1}{g}$$

-

γ
(
g
)

β
(
g
)

=

γ
0

β
0

1
g

is one-loop exact to all perturbative orders. If in addition $$\frac{\gamma _0}{\beta _0}$$

γ
0

β
0

is diagonalizable, $$Z(x, \mu )$$

Z
(
x
,
μ
)

is diagonalizable as well, and the mixing reduces essentially to the multiplicatively renormalizable case. We also classify the remaining cases of operator mixing by the Poincaré–Dulac theorem.
Concordance of peripheral blood and bone marrow measurable residual disease in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Muffly Lori , Sundaram Vandana , Chen Connie , Yurkiewicz Ilana , Kuo Eric , Burnash Sarah , Spiegel Jay Y. , Arai Sally , Frank Matthew J. , Johnston Laura J. , Lowsky Robert , Meyer Everett H. , Negrin Robert S. , Rezvani Andrew R. , Sidana Surbhi , Shiraz Parveen , Shizuru Judith A. , Weng Wen-Kai , Liedtke Michaela , Vempaty Hyma T. , Miklos David B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Monitoring of measurable residual disease (MRD) is essential to the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is typically performed through repeated bone marrow (BM) assessments. Using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) MRD platform, we performed a prospective observational study evaluating the correlation between peripheral blood (PB) and BM MRD in adults with ALL receiving cellular therapies (hematopoietic cell transplantation [HCT] and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell [CAR-T] therapies). Among the study cohort (N = 69 patients; 126 paired PB/BM samples), we found strong correlation between PB and BM MRD (r = 0.87; P &lt; .001), with a sensitivity and specificity of MRD detection in the PB of 87% and 90%, respectively, relative to MRD in the BM. MRD became detectable in the PB in 100% of patients who subsequently relapsed following HCT, with median time from MRD+ to clinical relapse of 90 days, and in 85% of patients who relapsed following CAR T, with median time from MRD+ to clinical relapse of 60 days. In adult patients with ALL undergoing cellular therapies, we demonstrate strong concordance between NGS-based MRD detected in the PB and BM. Monitoring of ALL MRD in the PB appears to be an adequate alternative to frequent invasive BM evaluations in this clinical setting.
Investigation of cell wall proteins of C. sinensis leaves by combining cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics
Authors: Liu Yanli , Ma Linlong , Cao Dan , Gong Ziming , Fan Jing , Hu Hongju , Jin Xiaofang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
C. sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in its leaves, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its leaf consumption as tea. Recently, our study has indicated that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, there has been a lack in CWP identification and characterization up to now. This study is aimed to characterize cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves and to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics was employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material. Afterwards all the proteins were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Results
A total of 501 CWPs and 195 CWPs were identified respectively by cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics profiling with 118 CWPs in common. Notably, N-glycoproteomics is a feasible method for CWP identification, and it can enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional class, most of which might be involved in cell wall structure remodeling. The second largest functional class mainly encompass various proteases related to CWP turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third largest functional class, most of which (especially Class III peroxidases) participate in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs are mainly related to plant cell wall formation and defense response.

Conclusion
This was the first large-scale investigation of CWPs in C. sinensis through cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics. Our results not only provide a database for further research on CWPs, but also an insight into cell wall formation and defense response in C. sinensis.
A pan-genomic approach to genome databases using maize as a model system
Authors: Woodhouse Margaret R. , Cannon Ethalinda K. , Portwood John L. , Harper Lisa C. , Gardiner Jack M. , Schaeffer Mary L. , Andorf Carson M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch in the past decade has demonstrated that a single reference genome is not representative of a species’ diversity. MaizeGDB introduces a pan-genomic approach to hosting genomic data, leveraging the large number of diverse maize genomes and their associated datasets to quickly and efficiently connect genomes, gene models, expression, epigenome, sequence variation, structural variation, transposable elements, and diversity data across genomes so that researchers can easily track the structural and functional differences of a locus and its orthologs across maize. We believe our framework is unique and provides a template for any genomic database poised to host large-scale pan-genomic data.
Primary neuroendocrine tumor of the pineal gland: a case report
Authors: Cheng Angela , Barron Jane , Holmes Oliver , Bartlett Peter , Jenkins Gregory , Seal Melanie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumors are exceedingly rare, with few cases in the literature. We present a case of a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pineal gland, which is the second that has ever been reported.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old male patient presented with vomiting, weakness, and headaches. Imaging revealed a lesion in the pineal region, which was surgically resected. This mass was characterized by histology as a neuroendocrine carcinoma, given the presence of neuroendocrine markers and cytokeratin markers with absence of a primary lesion elsewhere on imaging.

Conclusions
There are currently no guidelines on the management of primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumors. In this case, the patient underwent surgical resection and craniospinal radiotherapy. He subsequently received one cycle of chemotherapy with temozolomide, an alkylating agent, but he unfortunately did not tolerate treatment. A multidisciplinary decision was made along with the patient and his family to focus on palliative care. Eighteen months after the initial presentation, disease recurred in the patient’s neck. The patient underwent resection to control the metastases, with a plan to follow with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the patient became unwell and died at 21 months after initial diagnosis. This demonstrates a need for continued research and reporting on this uncommon disease entity.
SARS-CoV-2 in diabetic pregnancies: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Eberle Claudia , James-Todd Tamarra , Stichling Stefanie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, we suffer from an increasing diabetes pandemic and on the other hand from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Already at the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it was quickly assumed that certain groups are at increased risk to suffer from a severe course of COVID-19. There are serious concerns regarding potential adverse effects on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Diabetic pregnancies clearly need special care, but clinical implications as well as the complex interplay of diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 are currently unknown. We summarized the evidence on SARS-CoV-2 in diabetic pregnancies, including the identification of novel potential pathophysiological mechanisms and interactions as well as clinical outcomes and features, screening, and management approaches.

Methods
We carried out a systematic scoping review in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection in September 2020.

Results
We found that the prognosis of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 may be associated with potential underlying mechanisms such as a simplified viral uptake by ACE2, a higher basal value of pro-inflammatory cytokines, being hypoxemic as well as platelet activation, embolism, and preeclampsia. In the context of “trans-generational programming” and COVID-19, life-long consequences may be “programmed” during gestation by pro-inflammation, hypoxia, over- or under-expression of transporters and enzymes, and epigenetic modifications based on changes in the intra-uterine milieu. COVID-19 may cause new onset diabetes mellitus, and that vertical transmission from mother to baby might be possible.

Conclusions
Given the challenges in clinical management, the complex interplay between COVID-19 and diabetic pregnancies, evidence-based recommendations are urgently needed. Digital medicine is a future-oriented and effective approach in the context of clinical diabetes management. We anticipate our review to be a starting point to understand and analyze mechanisms and epidemiology to most effectively treat women with SARS-COV-2 and diabetes in pregnancy.