bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance in clinical bacterial isolates from horses in the UK
Authors: Isgren Cajsa M. , Williams Nicola J. , Fletcher Owen D. , Timofte Dorina , Newton Richard J. , Maddox Thomas W. , Clegg Peter D. , Pinchbeck Gina L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in horses is important to aid empirical treatment decisions and highlight emerging AMR threats.ObjectiveTo describe the AMR patterns of common groups of bacteria from clinical submissions from horses in the UK during 2018, and to determine how this varies by sample site and type of submitting veterinary practice.Study designProspective observational study.MethodsAll data on bacterial culture and subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) collected in 2018 from six large equine diagnostic laboratories were included. Resistance patterns were analysed including resistance to 1 or 2 antimicrobial classes, multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), resistance to highest priority critically important antimicrobials and isolates where there was no readily available treatment for adult horses in the UK. Submitting practices were classified according to whether they treated referral cases or not (first opinion). Comparisons between proportions and resistance for each bacterial group and sample site was performed using Chi‐squared (or Fisher's exact test).ResultsA total of 6,018 bacterial isolates from 4,038 diagnostic submissions were included from respiratory (n = 1555), urogenital (n = 1,010), skin/hair/wound/abscess (n = 753), surgical site infection (SSI) /catheter‐related‐infection (CRI) /orthopaedic infections (n = 347) and unknown/‘other’ submissions (n = 373). There were 2,711 Gram‐negative isolates and 3,307 Gram‐positive isolates. Prevalence of MDR forE. coliwas 31.7%,Staphylococcusspp. 25.3% and > 25% for the majority of bacterial isolates from SSI/CRI/orthopaedic submissions. ForEnterococcusspp. there was no readily available treatment for adult horses in the UK in 30.2% of positive submissions. MDR was significantly higher from referral hospital than first opinion submissions for the majority of pathogens (exceptActinobacillusspp. andPasteurellaspp. and β‐haemolyticStreptococcusspp.).Main limitationsSince culture and susceptibility results are not systematic analyses based on harmonised methods, selection bias could impact the findings.ConclusionsOngoing surveillance is essential to understand emerging patterns of resistance. MDR is high in SSI/CRI/orthopaedic infections, which is important for hospital biosecurity and guiding treatment decisions. Harmonisation of diagnostic procedures and interpretation of results amongst veterinary laboratories will improve AMR surveillance and data comparison among laboratories.
Emerging Ideas. Health Technology Use and Perceptions of Romantic Relationships by Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yorgason Jeremy B. , Saylor Jennifer , Ness Michelle , Millett Mallory , Floreen Anna 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveExplore perceptions of health technology use among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their interactions with romantic partners about their diabetes.BackgroundDating and the formation of romantic relationships are key features of emerging adulthood. However, emerging adults with T1D may experience dating relationships in a unique way due to managing T1D. Health technology use may play an important role in those dating relationships.MethodTwelve emerging adults with T1D (average time since diagnosis = 9 years) participated in two focus groups during a weekend program with the College Diabetes Network in Boston, MA.FindingsQualitative analysis revealed an overarching context of health technology use in relation to dating relationships among emerging adults with T1D. Within this context, three descriptive themes emerged: sensitivity to the perceptions of others, an emphasis on boundaries and independence, and T1D partner support.ConclusionTechnology plays a central role in the way that emerging adults with T1D interact with romantic partners. Insulin pumps, body sites, continuous glucose monitoring devices, and the sharing of technology all factor into decisions and methods of concealing and disclosing and the development of digitally supported intimacy.Implications for Emerging IdeasT1D may place individuals in unique circumstances within romantic relationships. Professionals could educate those with T1D about technological and social aspects of T1D management.
Large‐scale importance of microbial carbon use efficiency and necromass to soil organic carbon
Authors: Wang Chao , Qu Lingrui , Yang Liuming , Liu Dongwei , Morrissey Ember , Miao Renhui , Liu Ziping , Wang Qingkui , Fang Yunting , Bai Edith 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOptimal methods for incorporating soil microbial mechanisms of carbon (C) cycling into Earth system models (ESMs) are still under debate. Specifically, whether soil microbial physiology parameters and residual materials are important to soil organic C (SOC) content is still unclear. Here, we explored the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on SOC content based on a survey of soils from 16 locations along a ~4000 km forest transect in eastern China, spanning a wide range of climate, soil conditions, and microbial communities. We found that SOC was highly correlated with soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and amino sugar (AS) concentration, an index of microbial necromass. Microbial C use efficiency (CUE) was significantly related to the variations in SOC along this national‐scale transect. Furthermore, the effect of climatic and edaphic factors on SOC was mainly via their regulation on microbial physiological properties (CUE and MBC). We also found that regression models on explanation of SOC variations with microbial physiological parameters and AS performed better than the models without them. Our results provide the empirical linkages among climate, microbial characteristics, and SOC content at large scale and confirm the necessity of incorporating microbial biomass and necromass pools in ESMs under global change scenarios.
Purified Cannabidiol isolate does not inhibit active caspase‐1 release in NLRP inflammasome‐mediated UVB or ATP‐activated keratinocytes or appear to reduce key inflammatory cytokines in UVB‐irradiate keratinocytes
Authors: Gruber James V. , Holtz Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCannabidiol is a plant‐derived cannabinoid that has been suggested to have several human health benefits including potential anti‐inflammatory effects. It is now common to find various forms of Cannabidiol, most often referred to as CBD, in nutritional supplements and topical treatments. The mechanisms by which CBD can influence inflammatory pathways in the body, and more particularly in the skin, are presently still unclear. It is known that CBD will bind to cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, in the body and recent work has shown that in keratinocytes, CBD can regulate inflammation through transcriptional regulation involving the NFƙβ nuclear pathways. The fact that CBD operates through the NFƙβ pathways suggests that, perhaps, the molecule may influence the expression of active caspase‐1 through NLRP inflammasome‐mediated pathways.MethodsRecently, work has published demonstrating that Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEKs) can be activated by UVB and ATP to express active caspase‐1 via NLRP inflammasome‐mediated pathways. There was a strong interest to see whether highly purified Cannabidiol Isolate (>99% purity) might function to control release of active caspase‐1 by testing of NHEKs using the previously described models. In addition, NHEKs expression of non‐NLRP inflammasome‐induced inflammation markers including IL‐6, IL‐8 and PGE2 was examined in UVB‐activated NHEKs.ResultsIt was found that purified Cannabidiol Isolate did not influence active caspase‐1 release in either UVB or ATP‐activated NHEKs suggesting the molecule does not influence the NLRP inflammasome pathways. In addition, it was surprisingly found that the Cannabidiol Isolate did not impact the expression of additional UVB‐activated non‐NLRP inflammatory markers.ConclusionsData presented suggest that if Cannabidiol functions as an anti‐inflammatory, it does so through pathways not associated with either the NLRP inflammasome‐mediated expression of caspase‐1 or through the more commonly known expression of interleukin or prostaglandin inflammatory pathways.
Surface etching and silane heating using Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers in dental ceramic luted to human dentin
Authors: Feitosa Fernanda A. , Tribst João P. M. , Araújo Rodrigo M. , Pucci César R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInvestigate the tensile bond strength, surface morphology, and wettability of reinforced glass‐ceramic etched with high power laser at different protocols and luted to human dentin. Fifty carious‐free human molars were used in this study and distributed in five groups according to surface etching: (Control [HF10% + Silane]; Er [Er:YAG + Silane]; Sil + Er [Silane + Er:YAG]; Nd [Nd:YAG + Silane]; and Nd + Sil [Silane + Nd:YAG]). After, the tensile bond strength test was performed. Three specimens per group were used to perform the surface morphologies by using scanning electron microscopy analysis and wettability by using the sessile drop technique. Failure modes were determined. Data were analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey tests, with α = .05. The bond strength data showed statistically significant differences among tested groups for the laser and silanization technique type (p < .001). The highest calculated bond strength values were obtained with Er (19.25 ± 3.70 MPa) followed by Sil + Er (14.11 ± 4.11 MPa), Control (9.42 ± 2.27 MPa), Nd (9.66 ± 2.02 MPa), and Nd + Sil (6.71 ± 1.88 MPa), respectively. The silane application prior to the laser irradiation showed an inferior bond strength compared to the conventional silanization technique. The surface etching using Er:YAG laser showed promissor results for the lithium disilicate.
Efficacy of topical cadexomer iodine treatment in chronic wounds: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of comparative clinical trials
Authors: Woo Kevin , Dowsett Caroline , Costa Ben , Ebohon Stephen , Woodmansey Emma J. , Malone Matthew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to summarise the clinical evidence supporting almost 40 years of topical cadexomer iodine (CIOD) use in wound bed preparation by removing barriers to healing such as exudate, slough, bioburden, and infection and allowing chronic wound progression. A systematic review was conducted (Embase/PubMed, November 2020) to identify relevant comparative studies meeting inclusion criteria. Meta‐analyses were performed using a fixed‐effects (I2 < 50%) or random‐effects model (I2 ≥ 50%) depending on statistical heterogeneity. Dichotomous outcomes were reported as relative risk (RR) and continuous outcomes as mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence intervals. In total, 436 publications were identified of which 13 were comparative trials including outcomes of interest. Significant reductions in exudate, pus/debris, slough, bioburden, and infection were reported in chronic wounds treated with CIOD, compared with standard of care (SOC). Meta‐analyses highlighted the positive impact of CIOD on mean wound area reduction (MD = 2.35 cm2, 95% CI = 0.34–4.36, P = .0219) after eight weeks treatment and overall wound healing events compared to SOC; wounds including venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers treated with CIOD were more than twice as likely to heal than those receiving SOC (RR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.54–3.45, P < .0001). This meta‐analysis demonstrates the efficacy of CIOD on chronic wounds through removal of barriers to healing. CIOD should be considered in wound bed preparation and treatment protocols.
Attention‐driven read‐aloud technology increases reading comprehension in children with reading disabilities
Authors: Schiavo Gianluca , Mana Nadia , Mich Ornella , Zancanaro Massimo , Job Remo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the design of an assistive reading tool that integrates read‐aloud technology with eye tracking to regulate the speed of reading and support struggling readers in following the text while listening to it. The paper describes the design rationale of this approach, following the theory of auditory–visual integration, in terms of an automatic self‐adaptable technique based on the reader's gaze that provides an individualized interaction experience. This tool has been assessed in a controlled experiment with 20 children (aged 8–10 years) with a diagnosis of dyslexia and a control group of 20 children with typical reading abilities. The results show that children with reading difficulties improved their comprehension scores by 24% measured on a standardized instrument for the assessment of reading comprehension and that children with more inaccurate reading (N = 9) tended to benefit more. The findings are discussed in terms of a better integration between audio and visual text information, paving the way to improve standard read‐aloud technology with gaze‐contingency and self‐adaptable techniques to personalize the reading experience.
CircCSNK1G3 up‐regulates miR‐181b to promote growth and metastasis via TIMP3‐mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transitions in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Wen , Song Yang‐Yi‐Yan , Rao Ting , Yu Wei‐Min , Ruan Yuan , Ning Jin‐Zhuo , Yao Xiao‐Bing , Yang Song‐Yi‐Sha , Cheng Fan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer, with a high recurrence rate and metastasis capacity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been suggested to act as the critical regulator in several diseases. This study is designed to investigate the role of circCSNK1G3 on RCC progression. We observed a highly expression of circCSNK1G3 in RCC tissues compared with normal tissues. The aberrantly circCSNK1G3 promoted the tumour growth and metastasis in RCC. In the subsequent mechanism investigation, we discovered that the tumour‐promoting effects of circCSNK1G3 were, at least partly, achieved by up‐regulating miR‐181b. Increased miR‐181b inhibits several tumour suppressor gene, including CYLD, LATS2, NDRG2 and TIMP3. Furthermore, the decreased TIMP3 leads to the enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, thus promoting the cancer metastasis. In conclusion, we identified the oncogenic role of circCSNK1G3 in RCC progression and demonstrated the regulatory role of circCSNK1G3 induced miR‐181b expression, which leads to TIMP3‐mediated EMT process, thus resulting in tumour growth and metastasis in RCC. This study reveals the promise of circCSNK1G3 to be developed as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the clinic. And the roles of circCSNK1G3 in cancer research deserve further investigation.
Offspring performance and female preference of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (coleoptera: curculionidae) on three Lauraceae tree species: A potential risk of host shift caused by larval experience
Authors: Li Shou‐Yin , Chen Cong , Jia Zhi‐Yi , Li Qing , Tang Zhi‐Zhen , Zhong Man‐Fang , Zhu Han , Hao De‐Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe weevil Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), native to Eastern Asia, is a wood‐boring pest that causes severe damage to camphor trees (Cinnamomum sp.) in Shanghai, China. Other Lauraceae tree species that grew sympatrically with this pest in close proximity could face a potential threat. To assess the potential risks of host shift, we explored the phenotypic associations between preference and performance in P. tsushimanus reared on three Lauraceae tree species. In a no‐choice experiment offering branches of each plant as diet material and oviposition sites, we found that individuals reared on Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl (Laurales: Lauraceae) exhibited the strongest performance with shorter development time, higher survival and growth rate in the immature stage, longer longevity and greater fecundity in adults. In contrast, those on novel Lauraceae tree species (Cinnamomum chekiangensis Nakai and Phoebe chekiangensis Shang) had difficulty completing their whole life cycle due to significantly lower survival and reproduction. In a multiple‐choice experiment, C. camphora was established as the preferred host. However, we found that the larval experiences on the non‐preferred host plants contributed to an increased preference for that plant species. These results indicated that both the preference‐performance hypothesis and the Hopkins’ host selection principle are applicable in this weevil under experimental conditions. It is possible that although the weevil performed poorly on two novel Lauraceae tree species, under favourable conditions their surviving offspring could evolve into a new host‐specific population. Consequently, this weevil pest needs to be monitored on these novel Lauraceae tree species.
Mitochondrial DNA genome evidence for the existence of a third divergent lineage in the western Atlantic Ocean for the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas)
Authors: Laurrabaquio‐Alvarado Nadia Sandoval , Díaz‐Jaimes Píndaro , Hinojosa‐Álvarez Silvia , Blanco‐Parra Maria del Pilar , Adams Douglas H. , Pérez‐Jiménez Juan Carlos , Castillo‐Géniz J. Leonardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report for the first time a highly divergent lineage in the Caribbean Sea for the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) based on the analysis of 51 mitochondrial DNA genomes of individuals collected in the western North Atlantic. When comparing the mtDNA control region obtained from the mitogenomes to sequences reported previously for Brazil, the Caribbean lineage remained highly divergent. These results support the existence of a discrete population in Central America due to a phylogeographic break separating the Caribbean Sea from the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and South America.
Autonomous motivation and support flourishes for individuals higher in collaborative personality factors: Agreeableness, assisted autonomy striving, and secure attachment
Authors: Levine S. L. , Milyavskaya M. , Powers T. A. , Holding A. C. , Koestner R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals who strive autonomously for their goals, and who perceive autonomy supportive environments are more successful during goal pursuit. What dispositional factors predict autonomy flourishing during goal pursuit?MethodsFour longitudinal studies were conducted over an 8‐month academic year, and university students (Ntotal = 1,544) completed surveys on motivation, support, and personality. Structural equation models were created using Mplus software to test whether collaborative personality factors were related to growth in autonomous motivation and autonomy support.ResultsAll three distinct collaborative personality factors, trait Agreeableness, assisted autonomy striving, and secure parental attachment, were related to increases in autonomous motivation over the academic year. Conscientiousness, assisted autonomy, and secure attachment were related to increases in perceived autonomy support. A higher order latent collaborative traits factor, composed of Agreeableness, assisted autonomy, and secure attachment was found to be related to increased autonomous motivation and support over the academic year and resulted in increased goal progress.ConclusionThese results suggest that individuals higher in collaborative personality factors experience growth in personal autonomy during goal pursuit. Future research is needed to determine how to promote collaboration in goal pursuit to further help individuals successfully strive for their goals.
Molecular and morphological analyses reveal new taxa additions to the tribe Streblocladieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Bustamante Danilo E. , Yeon Won Boo , Wynne Michael J. , Cho Tae Oh 
Published: February 2021

The recent segregation of 12 genera in the tribe Streblocladieae suggests that the taxonomy of some species belonging to Polysiphonia sensu lato is updated with the transfer and the proposal of new combinations. Accordingly, six new additions to the tribe Streblocladieae on the basis of morphological and molecular analyses are presented as a consequence of this new segregation. These additions include the description of the new species Carradoriella platensis sp. nov., the proposal of the following new combinations Eutrichosiphonia paniculata comb. nov., E. tapinocarpa comb. nov., and the reinstatement of Vertebrata curta, V. decipiens, and V. patersonis. Additionally, our morphological observations identified additional diagnostic features for two genera of the Streblocladieae. Carradoriella has branches with sexual reproductive structures arranged adaxially on branchlets, and the recently described Eutrichosiphonia has rhizoids with multicellular digitate haptera. Our study gives insights in regards to the distribution, the diagnostic features for delimiting genera morphologically, and the molecular evolutionary relationships in the Streblocladieae.
Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in goats after different administration routes
Authors: Turk Erdinc , Tekeli Ibrahim Ozan , Durna Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Altinok Yipel Fulya , Ilhan Aysun , Emiroglu Sara Busra , Uguz Halis , Uney Kamil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic acid in goats after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations at 2 mg/kg dose. In this study, eight clinically healthy goats were used. The study comprised four periods, according to a crossover design with at least a 15‐day washout period between treatments. Plasma concentrations of tolfenamic acid were determined by HPLC‐UV, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a non‐compartmental method. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half‐life, volume of distribution at steady state, and total clearance were 1.60 h, 0.37 L/kg, and 0.27 L/h/kg, respectively. The mean peak plasma concentration following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 1.77, 1.22, and 0.30 μg/ml, respectively. The mean bioavailability following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 64.46, 55.43, and 19.46%, respectively. The PO route, which exhibits both the low plasma concentration and bioavailability, is not recommended in goats. The IV, IM, and SC routes, which show comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, may be proposed for use in goats. However, the multi‐dose and pharmacodynamic studies are necessary to establish more accurately its safety and efficacy in the goat.