bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERACTION IN THE Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I AND Ag7GeS5I–Ag7SiS5I SYSTEMS
Authors: Pogodin A.I. , Filep M.J. , Shender I.O , Kokhan O.P. , Studenyak I.P. 
Published: July 2021

Argyrodites are a wide class of tetrahedrally close–packed ternary and quaternary compounds that have a large number of representatives. Argyrodite family compounds always include two types of cations: univalent (type A) and multivalent (type B). B type multivalent cations (3–5) are tetrahedrally coordinated by anions and form a rigid anionic framework, and the univalent A type cations are located in the cavities between them and have different occupancy of crystallographic positions (disordered sublattice). The most common are argyrodites based on four and five valence p–elements. Type A and B cations are subject to isomorphic substitution, which in combination with the proximity of the crystal lattice parameters causes a significant number of solid solutions between the compounds with the structure of argyrodite. These solid solutions are formed by both isovalent and heterovalent substitution, which is used to optimize the functional parameters of the studied materials. Argyrodite structure compounds can be used as optical, superionic, and thermoelectric materials. This work aims to study the physico–chemical interaction at isovalent Si4+↔Ge4+and heterovalent substitution of P5+↔Ge4+ within the Ag7SiS5I–Ag7GeS5I and Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I systems. Several alloys in the Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I and Ag7SiS5I – Ag7GeS5I systems were synthesized by a direct single–temperature method using the pre–synthesized quaternary argyrodites. The obtained samples were investigated by the methods of differential thermal (DTA), X–ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructural (MSA) analyses. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I section is partly quasi–binary due to the incongruent melting of Ag6PS5I. The liquidus of the system is formed by lines of primary crystallization of Ag2S and Ag7GeS5I crystals, which intersect at the point with coordinates: 6 mol. % Ag7GeS5I, 1009 K. The subsolidus part of the Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I system is characterized by the formation of a continuous series of solid solutions. The phase diagram of the Ag7SiS5I–Ag7GeS5I system is characterized by unlimited solubility of components in liquid and solid phases. In the Ag6PS5I–Ag7GeS5I system a positive deviation from Vegard's law is observed.
LUMINESCENT DETERMINATION OF FAVIPIRAVIR USING THE EUROPIUM (III) COMPLEX
Authors: Scrypynets Yu.V. , Yegorova A.V , Leonenko І.І. , Voitiuk O.D. 
Published: July 2021

Of particular interest in recent years is the possibility of analytical application not only of the effects of sensitizing the luminescence of lanthanide ions, but also its quenching or increase for the indirect determination of a number of drugs. Favipiravir (FAV) - 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide - is an oral antiviral drug approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan. This drug is an analogue of purine nucleosides, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of RNA polymerase required for virus replication.
Favipiravir is capable of forming a complex compound with Eu(III) ions, in which due to intramolecular transfer of excitation energy from the organic ligand to the Eu(III) ion there is a very slight sensitized luminescence of the latter due to dissipation of excitation energy from the triplet level (24390 cm-1), which cannot be used for analytical purposes.
The influence of some surfactants and donor-active substances on the Ilum of the Eu(III) –FAV complex is considered. It was found that only batophenanthroline (BPh) significantly increases the luminescence intensity (Ilum) of the Eu(III)–FAV complex, approximately 10 times, due to more efficient intramolecular energy transfer from batophenanthroline (18100 cm-1) to the level of europium ions (17300 cm-1). A synergistic effect has been established, which is manifested in the combined action of two complexes (Eu(III)–BPh and Eu(III)–FAV) and exceeds the sum of the Ilum of each of them separately. The synergism is caused by formation of a multiligand complex. It was established that a mixed ligand complex Eu(III)–BPh–FAV (1:1:1) is formed.
The possibility of using the complex compound Eu(III)-BPh as a new luminescent probe for the determination of favipivir has been shown. The luminescence intensity is maximum at pH 7.5 (urotropin buffer). The excitation band λexc = 315 nm was chosen for analytical purposes. It was found that the introduction of different amounts of favipiravir into aqueous solutions of the Eu(III)-BPh complex causes an increase in 4f-luminescence of europium (III) (transition 5D0 → 7F2, λemis = 615 nm) and the lifetime of its excited state.
Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of favipivir 0.5-10.0 μg/ml. The developed method is validated by the following parameters: specificity, linearity, accuracy, limit of quantitative determination. The proposed method is characterized by satisfactory metrological characteristics and ease of implementation and can be recommended for the determination of FAV in tablets.
Про частково впорядковані множини шостого порядку, що мають надсуперкритичний MM-тип
Authors: Бондаренко В. М. , Стьопочкiна М. В. 
Published: July 2021

Зображення ч. в. множин (частково впорядкованих множин) ввели Л. А. Назароваi А. В. Ройтер в 1972 р. В тому ж роцi М. М. Клейнер довiв, що ч. в. множинаSмаєскiнченний зображувальний тип тодi i лише тодi, коли вони не мiстить ч. в. пiдмно-жин вигляду K1= (1,1,1,1), K2= (2,2,2), K3= (1,3,3), K4= (1,2,5) i K5= (N,4). Цi ч. в. множин називаються критичними ч. в. множин щодо скiнченностстi типу(в тому сенсi, що це мiнiмальнi ч. в. множин з нескiнченною кiлькiстю нерозкладних зображень, з точнiстю до еквiвалентностi) або ч. в. множинами Клейнера. У 1974 роцi Ю. А. Дрозд довiв, що ч. в. множинаSмає скiнченний зображувальний тип тодi iлише тодi, коли її квадратична форма Тiтса

є слабко додатною (тобто додатною на множинi невiд’ємних векторiв). Отже, ч. в. множини Клейнера є критичними щодо слабкої додатностi квадратичної форми Тiтса,i iнших таких ч. в. множин немає (з точнiстю до iзоморфiзму). У 2005 роцi автори довели що ч. в. множин є критичною щодо додатностi квадратичної форми Титса тодii лише тодi, коли вона є мiнiмаксно iзоморфна деякiй ч. в. множинi Клейнера.
Подiбну ситуацiю маємо з ч. в. множинами ручного зображувального типу. У 1975р. Л. А. Назарова довела, що ч. в. множинаSє ручною тодi i лише тодi, коли вона не мiстить ч. в. пiдмножин вигляду N1= (1,1,1,1,1), N2= (1,1,1,2), N3= (2,2,3), N4= (1,3,4), N5= (1,2,6) i (N,5). Вона назвала цi ч. в. множини суперкритичними; вони є критичними щодо слабкої невiд’ємностi квадратичної форми Тiтса, i iншихтаких ч. в. множин немає. У 2009 роцi автори довели, що ч. в. множина є критичною щодо невiд’ємностi квадратичної форми Тiтса тодi i лише тодi, коли вона мiнiмаксноiзоморфна деякiй суперкритичнiй ч. в. множинi.
Перший автор запропонував ввести ч. в. множини (названi надсуперкритичними),якi вiдрiзняються вiд суперкритичних ч. в. множин в тiй самiй мiрi, що i останнi вiд-рiзняються вiд критичних. Серед цих ч. в. множин є чотири найменшого порядку,а саме 6. У цiй статтi ми описуємо всi ч. в. множини мiнiмаксно еквiвалентнi їм, i вивчаємо деякi їхнi комбiнаторнi властивостi. Важливiсть вивчення мiнiмаксно iзоморфних ч. в. множин визначається тим фактом, що їх квадратичнi форми Тiтса Z-еквiвалентнi, а сам мiнiмаксний iзоморфiзм є досить загальною конструктивно визначеною Z-еквiвалентнiстю для квадратичних форм Тiтса ч. в. множин.
Hawthorne’s Miriam – a female enigma: A seductive femme fatale or a victim of abuse?
Authors: Rabinovich Irina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In his last published novel, The Marble Faun (Hawthorne, 1974), in spite of his seeming sympathy for Miriam’s plea for friendship, Hawthorne’s narrator relates to Miriam as a “guilty” and “bloodstained” woman, who similarly to the female Jewish models portrayed in her paintings, carries misery, vice and death into the world. The narrator’s ambiguity vis-àvis Miriam’s moral fibre, on the one hand, and his infatuation with the beautiful and talented female artist, on the other, stands at the heart of the novel. The goal of this paper is mainly addressed at examining Miriam’s position in Hawthorne’s fiction, through an analysis of his treatment of his other “dark” and “light” women. Furthermore, I enquire whether Miriam is to be perceived in terms of the popular stereotypical representations of Jewish women (usually, Madonnas or whores), or whether she is granted more original and idiosyncratic characteristics. Next, I discuss Hawthorne’s treatment of Miriam’s artistic vocation, discerning her distinctiveness as a female Jewish 19th-century artist. Finally, Hawthorne’s unconventional choice of Rome as the setting for his novel unquestionably entails reference to the societal, cultural and political forces at play.
The weather as a storyteller in Lalami’s The Other Americans
Authors: Al-Khayyat Amal , Awad Yousef 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study explores the self-nature relationship through tracing the key role that the weather conditions in Arab American Laila Lalami’s novel The Other Americans (2019) play in narrating the protagonist’s story. It highlights how the weather conditions echo Nora’s deep emotions and reflect her inner thoughts and feelings in the light of her relationships with other characters. The study focuses on Nora’s journey of becomingness and reveals that through depicting the changes in the weather, the story of Nora’s self-actualization and settlement can be narrated. It considers presenting how reading the weather conditions informs the reader about Nora’s self-perception, love affairs, career development and aspirations. It also explores how Lalami employs weather description to show the ways in which Nora ends up achieving self-reconciliation. As the events unfold, Nora is transformed from a person who comments on the clouds and winds and describes the fogs and rains to a fully-fledged character who, figuratively, is able to conjure up thunderstorms and hurricanes. Hence, by paying closer attention to the weather conditions, one can arguably witness Nora’s metamorphosis. In other words, Lalami’s novel is a site in which discourses on identity, ethnicity, multiculturalism and environment converge.
Back to Nature and Ireland: Morgan Llywelyn’s The Elementals
Authors: Baysal Kübra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Written by the Irish author Morgan Llywelyn in 1993, The Elementals focuses on the four powerful elements of nature that are essential to life: namely Water, Fire, Earth and Air. Consisting of four parts divided in accordance to these elements, the novel connects four stories which raise universal ecological awareness and present the danger of a future collapse in nature. Depicting the adventures of Irish-origin characters and the striking realization of their deep connection to nature at the end of each part, the novel awakens the reader to their inner relation to other humans, animals, plants, rocks and all parts of nature. Of Irish origins herself, through her novel Llywelyn displays the agency of nonhuman bodies in relation to human bodies, or in other words, Irish-origin human bodies, and the innate connection of all humans to the natural elements. Hence, this study aims to analyse The Elementals from the perspective of the new materialism theory underlining the interaction of all beings in the universe through the constant recalling of Ireland as a significant part of the natural culture.
Effect of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Some Physical and Bioactive Compounds of ‘Iceberg’ Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.)
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa Sayed , Yaseen Arshad Abdulkhalq , Bakr Triska Dlshad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a recent concerned application in the indoor crop system of the modern plant production. In our research, we evaluated the influence of four monochromic LED lights including 100% White (W), Yellow (Y), Red (R) and Blue (B) in comparison to solar lightening condition (GR) as a control. In this regard, some morphological characteristics and biochemical content of the common outdoor ‘Iceberg’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was measured. The results show that leaf length, leaf area and total head weight were significantly greater in the plants grown under B LED, while all the other physical parameters were significantly higher in the plants grown under GR environmental conditions. On the other hand, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), and nitrate content were also influenced by different light treatments. Plants grown under LED light treatment resulted in significantly higher chlorophyll content compared to the control. However, significantly greater carotenoid content was in the plants grown under GR condition. The highest total chlorophyll content was recorded under B and R LED, whereas the lowest was in the GR condition. The lowest nitrate content in the blade and petiole was recorded in the plants grown under Y LED, while the highest nitrate content was recorded in the GR. Based on our result, it is possible to grow and improve some quality parameters of common outdoor ‘iceberg’ lettuce under LED where the solar light is limited or unavailable. Thus, plants performed better under GR light conditions than monochromic LEDs; however, some LED lights could improve some quality parameters and biochemical contents in the ‘iceberg’ lettuce variety.
Ecosystem Services of Hospital Gardens - Based on Microclimate Analyses of Green and Blue Garden Elements
Authors: Takácsné Zajacz Vera , Szilágyi Kinga M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The increasing urbanization process of the last decades has resulted in negative impacts and changes in the quality of the urban environment, as reflected in mortality and morbidity data (Páldy, 2018). The quality of the environment, the urban climate, the increased frequency and duration of extreme weather events, ultimately threaten human well-being. To design and build liveable cities, the quality of the urban environment must be improved, and improving micro- or local climate is an important factor in this. Increasing the proportion and quality of biologically active surfaces, i.e. the ecosystem services provided by green spaces, is one of the most effective tools for urban conditioning and enhancing human well-being. Determining the proportions of the green area, the design of vegetation, the choice of pavements and microarchitectures all determine the microclimate of an open-space. This has been confirmed by a large body of research and implemented work, but it is also important for designers to make a preliminary prediction of the impact of any intervention on the climatic conditions of the design site. These predictions will help cost-effective designing to determine which intervention will result in climate change.
This research uses two specific examples to examine the effectiveness of each landscape designing tool and to show which designing tool produces what and how much climatic impact. For these studies, we used a climate modeling program (ENVI-MET), which runs simulations to infer the climate modifying effects of landscape planning tools.
In the course of the research, we have shown that the local climate of hospital gardens could be significantly influenced by favorable, environmental-friend paving, a higher green cover ratio, and a well-developed and sufficiently dense tree canopy, and various water features.
Substituting Ti-64 with Aa2099 as Material of a Commercial Aircraft Pylon
Authors: Khalid Hamza , Gomez-Gallegos A.A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aircraft industry is striving to reduce the weight of aircraft to save fuel and hence reduce total cost. New alloys and composites with properties such as low weight and high strength are continuously developed. Titanium alloys have the best strength-to-weight ratio among metals which makes them very suitable for aircraft applications. Ti-64 is the most common Titanium alloy used in aircraft. AA2099 is a 3rd generation Al-Li alloy and has the lowest density among all Aluminium alloys making it very attractive for aircraft applications. Pylons of commercial aircraft are currently made primarily with Ti-64 and this study focused on the replacement of Ti-64 with AA2099. Loading conditions, operating temperature, corrosion resistance, manufacturability and recyclability of the pylon were analysed of both Ti-64 and AA2099. Three critical scenarios were chosen for the loading conditions of the pylon. These were simulated using finite element analysis first using Ti-64 and then AA2099. From the results, it is evident that using AA2099 as the material of the pylon instead of Ti-64 offered weight savings. The operating temperature, manufacturability and recyclability also showed advantages when using AA2099 whereas corrosion factors favoured Ti-64, since AA2099 was found to be very prone to galvanic corrosion.
Tracking Land Use Land Cover changes from 2000 to 2018 in a local area of East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Indarto Indarto , Hakim Farid Lukman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes represent human influences on the natural ecosystem. This study aims to analyse such changes in the eastern part of East Java, a region of ± 3320.3 km2. The changes are analysed by comparing two editions of maps (the National Digital Map and Landsat-8). Five subsets are explored to understand the LULC changes caused by the development of: transportation infrastructure; industrial sites; the agricultural sector; tourism; urbanisation; and sub-urbanisation. Regional development from 2000 to 2018 has increased built-up areas by 40.55% (122.5 km2), while paddy fields have increased by 71.08%, and forest plantation areas by 16.03%. Conversely, the development has reduced rural areas by 61.06% (860.1 km2) and water bodies by 54.02% (44.52 km2). The LULC has significantly changed the natural landscape to a human-dominated landscape, which is potentially fragile in the face of the disasters to which the region is prone.
A Model for e-Learning Based on the Knowledge of Learners
Authors: Blagoev Ivaylo , Vassileva Gergana , Monov Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The presented work examines the existing approaches to providing e-Learning content based on learners’ prior knowledge. An analysis of the existing tools for the development of e-Learning content is performed and their suitability for creating personalized learning content, reflecting the previous competencies of the learners, is carried out. In the paper we have used a step-by-step process of creating and providing personalized knowledge. For data analysis, an approach of describing small structural units of knowledge through competencies is used. As a result of our study we have proposed a conceptual model including interactive resources for analysis of the accumulated prior knowledge and tools for providing personalized content to the learners. Perspective directions for future work are also outlined.
An IRGA-MACS Based Cluster-Head Selection Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Inam Muhammad , Zhuo Li , Ahmad Masood , Zardari Zulfiar Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a volatile environment, a substantial number of sensor nodes are extensively dispatched to track and detect changes in physical environment. Although sensor nodes have limited energy resources, so energy-efficient routing is a major concern in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to extend the network’s lifespan. Recent research shows that less throughput, increased delay, and high execution time have been provided with high energy usage. A new mechanism called the IRGA-MACS is proposed to overcome these inherent problems. Firstly, the Improved Resampling Genetic Algorithm (IRGA) is used for the best Cluster Head (CH) selection. Secondly, to assess the shortest path among CHs and nodes, the Modified Ant Colony Optimization based Simulated Annealing (MACS) has been speculated to minimize the time consumption during the transmission. The results show that the proposed approaches attain the supreme goal of increasing the network lifetime compared to existing methods.
Parameters of radish phytomass (Raphanus sativus L.) determined by vermicompost and earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
Authors: Kováčik Peter , Olšovská Katarína , Smoleń Sylwester , Ledwożyw-Smoleń Iwona 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 2-year outdoor pots experiment, which was realised in the vegetation cage situated in the campus of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, both the impact of different doses of vermicompost (Vc) (0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 50%) and the number of earthworms (EW) (0, 10 and 20 individuals/pot) in the soil substrate were studied on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of radish yield. The achieved results show that along with the increasing quantity of Vc, the total chlorophyll content also increased proportionally. The content of vitamin C declined and the content of nitrates increased in both the aboveground and underground biomass. The weight of the roots and leaves of radish increased until the content of Vc in the substrate did not exceed 20%. Vermicompost abundance >20% led to the decline of root and leaf biomass formation. The root yield and leaf biomass were higher in the presence of 50% Vc content in the substrate, compared with the control. The EW had mostly a negative impact on radish phytomass formation, particularly both weight and root diameter. The highest percentage of roots weight decline cultivated in the treatment with EW were obtained with the least dose of Vc (10%), thereby the least quantity of fodder for the EW. The impact of EW on the total chlorophyll, vitamin C and nitrates contents in roots and leaves was non-significant. The number of EW did not influence the root diameter and content of vitamin C; however, it affected the root weight.