bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aluminum environmental pollution: the silent killer
Authors: Alasfar Reema H. , Isaifan Rima J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe concern about aluminum (Al) toxicity has been proven in various cases. Some cases are associated with the fact that Al is a neurotoxic substance that has been found in high levels in the brain tissues of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), epilepsy, and autism patients. Other cases are related to infants, especially premature infants and ones with renal failure, who are at the risk of developing the central nervous system (CNS) and bone toxicity. This risk is a result of infants’ exposure to Al from milk formulas, intravenous-feeding solutions, and possibly from aluminum-containing vaccinations. Furthermore, most antiperspirants contain aluminum compounds that raise human exposure to toxic Al. This review paper is intended to discuss in detail the above concerns associated with aluminum, and hence urges the need for more studies exploring the effects of overexposure to Al and recommending mitigation actions.
The combined use of SEM-EDX, Raman, ATR-FTIR and visible reflectance techniques for the characterisation of Roman wall painting pigments from Monte d’Oro area (Rome): an insight into red, yellow and pink shades
Authors: Guglielmi Vittoria , Andreoli Martina , Comite Valeria , Baroni Anna , Fermo Paola 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work has been the identification of the painter’s materials employed in the wall decoration of some destroyed buildings dating approximately between the first century B.C. and the first century A.D. This research originates from a previously started joined archaeological and analytical investigation concerning a varied group of findings that resulted from a rescue excavation performed by Soprintendenza Archeologica in the area of Monte d’Oro in Rome. The focus of this study progression has been directed to a numerous selection of monochrome red, pink and yellow-pigmented fragments. The analyses were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) combined with Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies; visible reflectance measurements have also been carried out and the relevance of this technique in such a kind of archaeological studies has been highlighted. Most attention has been given to the assessment of the performances of non-destructive techniques achieved by portable Raman, and visible reflectance instrumentation to test their diagnostic capabilities. In addition to the expected and well-known pigments such as cinnabar, red ochre, hematite for the reds and yellow ochre for the yellows, the study highlighted a diffuse use of mixed colours and in some cases the possible presence of overlapped painted layers and confirmed the presence of gildings. Among the mixtures of pigments, the most singular outcome concerns the pink fragments revealing the possible application of bone white, which seems to be rather uncommon as a pigment in Roman wall decorations.
Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males
Authors: Quinlan Jonathan Iain , Franchi Martino Vladimiro , Gharahdaghi Nima , Badiali Francesca , Francis Susan , Hale Andrew , Phillips Bethan Eileen , Szewczyk Nathaniel , Greenhaff Paul Leonard , Smith Kenneth , Maganaris Constantinos , Atherton Phillip James , Narici Marco Vincenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResistance exercise training (RET) is well-known to counteract negative age-related changes in both muscle and tendon tissue. Traditional RET consists of both concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions; nevertheless, isolated ECC contractions are metabolically less demanding and, thus, may be more suitable for older populations. However, whether submaximal (60% 1RM) CON or ECC contractions differ in their effectiveness is relatively unknown. Further, whether the time course of muscle and tendon adaptations differs to the above is also unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the time course of muscle and tendon adaptations to submaximal CON and ECC RET. Twenty healthy young (24.5 ± 5.1 years) and 17 older males (68.1 ± 2.4 years) were randomly allocated to either isolated CON or ECC RET which took place 3/week for 8 weeks. Tendon biomechanical properties, muscle architecture and maximal voluntary contraction were assessed every 2 weeks and quadriceps muscle volume every 4 weeks. Positive changes in tendon Young’s modulus were observed after 4 weeks in all groups after which adaptations in young males plateaued but continued to increase in older males, suggesting a dampened rate of adaptation with age. However, both CON and ECC resulted in similar overall changes in tendon Young’s modulus, in all groups. Muscle hypertrophy and strength increases were similar between CON and ECC in all groups. However, pennation angle increases were greater in CON, and fascicle length changes were greater in ECC. Notably, muscle and tendon adaptations appeared to occur in synergy, presumably to maintain the efficacy of the muscle–tendon unit.
A network approach to expertise retrieval based on path similarity and credit allocation
Authors: Li Xiancheng , Verginer Luca , Riccaboni Massimo , Panzarasa P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the increasing availability of online scholarly databases, publication records can be easily extracted and analysed. Researchers can promptly keep abreast of others’ scientific production and, in principle, can select new collaborators and build new research teams. A critical factor one should consider when contemplating new potential collaborations is the possibility of unambiguously defining the expertise of other researchers. While some organisations have established database systems to enable their members to manually produce a profile, maintaining such systems is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in retrieving expertise through automated approaches. Indeed, the identification of researchers’ expertise is of great value in many applications, such as identifying qualified experts to supervise new researchers, assigning manuscripts to reviewers, and forming a qualified team. Here, we propose a network-based approach to the construction of authors’ expertise profiles. Using the MEDLINE corpus as an example, we show that our method can be applied to a number of widely used data sets and outperforms other methods traditionally used for expertise identification.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the selection of chest imaging modalities and reporting systems: a survey of Italian radiologists
Authors: Borghesi Andrea , Sverzellati Nicola , Polverosi Roberta , Balbi Maurizio , Baratella Elisa , Busso Marco , Calandriello Lucio , Cortese Giancarlo , Farchione Alessandra , Iezzi Roberto , Palmucci Stefano , Pulzato Ilaria , Rampinelli Cristiano , Romei Chiara , Valentini Adele , Grassi Roberto , Larici Anna Rita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Chest imaging modalities play a key role for the management of patient with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Unfortunately, there is no consensus on the optimal chest imaging approach in the evaluation of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, and radiology departments tend to use different approaches. Thus, the main objective of this survey was to assess how chest imaging modalities have been used during the different phases of the first COVID-19 wave in Italy, and which diagnostic technique and reporting system would have been preferred based on the experience gained during the pandemic.

Material and Methods
The questionnaire of the survey consisted of 26 questions. The link to participate in the survey was sent to all members of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM).

Results
The survey gathered responses from 716 SIRM members. The most notable result was that the most used and preferred chest imaging modality to assess/exclude/monitor COVID-19 pneumonia during the different phases of the first COVID-19 wave was computed tomography (51.8% to 77.1% of participants). Additionally, while the narrative report was the most used reporting system (55.6% of respondents), one-third of participants would have preferred to utilize structured reporting systems.

Conclusion
This survey shows that the participants’ responses did not properly align with the imaging guidelines for managing COVID-19 that have been made by several scientific, including SIRM. Therefore, there is a need for continuing education to keep radiologists up to date and aware of the advantages and limitations of the chest imaging modalities and reporting systems.
Imaging of inner ear malformations: a primer for radiologists
Authors: Feraco Paola , Piccinini Silvia , Gagliardo Cesare 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the multidisciplinary management of patients with inner ear malformations (IEMs), the correct diagnosis makes the differences in terms of clinical and surgical treatment. The complex anatomical landscape of the inner ear, comprising several small structures, makes imaging of this region particularly challenging for general radiologists. Imaging techniques are important for identifying the presence and defining the type of IEM and the cochlear nerve condition. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are the mainstay imaging techniques in this area. Dedicated MRI and HRCT protocols play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with inner ear disease. The most suitable technique should be selected depending on the clinical setting. However, in cases of congenital malformation of the inner ear, these techniques should be considered complementary. Since prompt intervention has a positive impact on the treatment outcomes, early diagnosis of IEMs is very important in the management of deaf patients. This article reviews the key concepts of IEMs for clinical radiologists by focusing on recent literature updates, discusses the principal imaging findings and clinical implications for every IEM subgroup, thus providing a practical diagnostic approach.
Big Data in der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention
Authors: Spranger Julia , Niederberger Marlen 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Nutzung großer und vielfältiger Datenmengen (Big Data) kann zur Gewinnung gesundheitsbezogener Erkenntnisse führen. Die Relevanz untermauern aktuelle Erfordernisse, bspw. in Zusammenhang mit der Digitalisierung, der Gesundheitsversorgung in Ausnahmesituationen und der zunehmenden Bedeutung von Personalisierungsprozessen in der Gesundheitsforschung. Das Potenzial von Big Data zur Erforschung vulnerabler Gruppen ist strittig, jedoch vor dem Hintergrund relativ stabiler sozialbedingter gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit besonders relevant.

Ziel der Arbeit
In der Studie wird untersucht, wie Expert*innen im Bereich der Analyse von Gesundheitsdaten das Potenzial von Big Data in der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, insbesondere zur Erforschung vulnerabler Gruppen, einschätzen.

Material und Methode
In einer Delphi-Studie wurden Expert*innen in zwei Runden mit einem Onlinefragebogen befragt, um Konsens und Dissens über das Potenzial von Big Data zu identifizieren.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung
Aus Sicht der Expert*innen birgt Big Data ein Potenzial für die Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, insbesondere im klinischen Setting und durch die Personalisierung gesundheitsbezogener Maßnahmen. Vor allem Menschen mit seltenen Erkrankungen und ältere Personen könnten durch Big-Data-Analysen profitieren, bspw. durch beschleunigte Diagnoseprozesse oder personalisierte digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen. Uneinig sind sich die Expert*innen über den Umfang, in welchem es Forschungseinrichtungen, Krankenversicherungen oder Unternehmen, erlaubt sein soll, derartige Daten zu nutzen oder zu teilen.
Medienethik: Vier populäre Irrtümer
Authors: Eggers Daniel 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungObwohl die Bedeutung medienethischer Reflexion und der Status der Medienethik als einer angewandten und damit normativen Ethik weithin anerkannt sind, bleiben die vorliegenden Beiträge oft unbefriedigend: Sie liefern kaum Antworten auf konkrete moralische Probleme, enthalten aber auch nur selten Theorieangebote, die das Potenzial hätten, derartige Antworten zu generieren. Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, anhand von vier Beispielen theoretische Engführungen und Fehlstellungen der gegenwärtigen Debatte zu beschreiben, die einer fruchtbaren multidisziplinären Diskussion medienethischer Fragestellungen und einer genuin normativen Medienethik im Wege stehen.
Changes in biomarkers after 180 days of tobacco heating product use: a randomised trial
Authors: Gale Nathan , McEwan Michael , Camacho Oscar M. , Hardie George , Proctor Christopher J. , Murphy James 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and potential harm (BoPH) are modified when smokers switch from smoking cigarettes to exclusive use of a tobacco heating product (THP) in an ambulatory setting. Participants in this randomised, controlled study were healthy volunteer smokers assigned either to continue smoking or switch to a THP, and a control group of smokers who abstained from cigarette smoking. Various BoE and BoPH related to oxidative stress, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and cancer were assessed at baseline and up to 180 days. In continuing smokers, BoE and BoPH remained stable between baseline and day 180, while THP users’ levels of most BoE reduced significantly, becoming similar to those in controls abstaining from cigarette smoking. Also at 180 days, significant changes in numerous BoPH, including total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α type III, fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide and white blood cell count, were directionally consistent with lessened health impact. Our findings support the notion that the deleterious health impacts of cigarette smoking may be reduced in smokers who completely switch to using THPs.
Analysis of X-rays in bone remodelling around Active and Replace dental implants
Authors: Trochim Brygida , Borowska Marta , Szarmach Janusz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to examine on the basis of radiographic images of bone tissue, whether there are differences in the rate of bone remodelling using different shapes of implants in the mandible and maxilla. Moreover, the study also compares texture features obtained on the basis of these images for healthy bone tissue, bone directly after implantation and after a 12-month period of prosthetic loading. Materials and Methods: The subject of the analysis was radiovisiogram images obtained from the Medical University of Bialystok from the Department of Dental Surgery. They are radiovisiogram photographs of 146 people aged 18–74, treated implantally due to missing teeth. The whole group of patients received two types of implants (Active and Replace) of the same company, made of titanium, intraosseous, screw-in. Results: It has been shown that both in the upper jaw and the mandible, the values of texture parameters obtained for bone images made after one year of prosthetic loading are closer to healthy tissue than immediately after implantation. These values for the mandible were relatively closer to those obtained on the basis of healthy tissue than those for the upper jaw. The bone around the implant with a single threading achieved better results in the mandible than the one with a double threading. Conclusion: The type of bone tissue and the shape of the implant have an impact on the achieved osseointegration. With the passage of time and the process of bone remodelling, the damaged tissue returns to its normal structure.
Current Status of Catheter-based Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Rawish Elias , Schmidt Tobias , Eitel Ingo , Frerker Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of review
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) has been developed to address the need for an alternative therapeutic option to surgery in patients suffering from severe mitral regurgitation who are at high surgical risk. The present review illustrated the state-of-the-art of catheter-based mitral valve replacement evaluating technical characteristics and early clinical experience of different devices to outline prospects and challenges of TMVR.

Recent findings
Several devices are currently under clinical assessment. Early experience has demonstrated high procedural success of TMVR. However, TMVR faces several possible hurdles such as left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) after prosthesis deployment, access site complications, and thrombotic risk requiring anticoagulatory therapy.

Summary
Future studies should assess long-term prosthesis stability, optimal anticoagulation regime, and occurrence of paravalvular leakage. The development of smaller TMVR prostheses suitable for transseptal implantation could overcome bleeding complications. In perspective, TMVR may emerge to a clinically relevant therapeutic approach for patients with severe MR at high surgical risk.
Molecular Imaging Using Cardiac PET/CT: Opportunities to Harmonize Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Thackeray James T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCurrent therapeutic strategies to mitigate heart failure progression after myocardial infarction involve support of endogenous repair through molecular targets. The capacity for repair varies greatly between individuals. In this review, we will assess how cardiac PET/CT enables precise characterization of early pathogenetic processes which govern ventricle remodeling and progression to heart failure.Recent FindingsInflammation in the first days after myocardial infarction predicts subsequent functional decline and can influence therapy decisions. The expansion of anti-inflammatory approaches to improve outcomes after myocardial infarction may benefit from noninvasive characterization using imaging. Novel probes also allow visualization of fibroblast transdifferentiation and activation, as a precursor to ventricle remodeling.SummaryThe expanding arsenal of molecular imaging agents in parallel with new treatment options provides opportunity to harmonize diagnostic imaging with precision therapy.
PET Imaging of Post-infarct Myocardial Inflammation
Authors: Ćorović Andrej , Nus Meritxell , Mallat Ziad , Rudd James H. F. , Tarkin Jason M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo examine the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging post-infarct myocardial inflammation and repair.Recent FindingsDysregulated immune responses after myocardial infarction are associated with adverse cardiac remodelling and an increased likelihood of ischaemic heart failure. PET imaging utilising novel tracers can be applied to visualise different components of the post-infarction inflammatory and repair processes. This approach could offer unique pathophysiological insights that could prove useful for the identification and risk-stratification of individuals who would ultimately benefit most from emerging immune-modulating therapies. PET imaging could also bridge the clinical translational gap as a surrogate measure of drug efficacy in early-stage clinical trials in patients with myocardial infarction. The use of hybrid PET/MR imaging, in particular, offers the additional advantage of simultaneous in vivo molecular imaging and detailed assessment of myocardial function, viability and tissue characterisation.SummaryFurther research is needed to realise the true clinical translational value of PET imaging after myocardial infarction.
Review of ERCP Techniques in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Patients: Highlight on the Novel EUS-Directed Transgastric ERCP (EGDE) Technique
Authors: Khara Harshit S. , Parvataneni Swetha , Park Steven , Choi Jihye , Kothari Truptesh H. , Kothari Shivangi T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hepatobiliary complications are common in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients. Despite development of multiple surgical and endoscopic access techniques over the years, ERCP using standard duodenoscope remains challenging in these patients due to the altered anatomy.

Recent Findings
Limited success with enteroscope-assisted and laparoscope-assisted ERCP led to the evolution of the novel EUS-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) procedure, with variations of this technique termed as Gastric Access Temporary for Endoscopy (GATE), EUS-guided TransGastric ERCP (EUS-TG-ERCP), EUS-guided GastroGastrostomy-assisted ERCP (EUS-GG-ERCP), and EUS-directed transgastric intervention (EDGI). EDGE has high technical (100%) and clinical success rates (60–100%), lower adverse event rate (1.5–7.6%), and up to 20% access stent migration rate; without any significant weight changes. EDGE has significantly shorter procedure time (73vs184min), post-procedural hospital stays (0.8vs2.65 days) and is more cost effective compared to other modalities.

Summary
EDGE technique addresses the challenges of RYGB anatomy as a minimally invasive, clinically successful, fully endoscopic, and cost-effective option. We present a literature review of the EDGE technique from its inception to current, in addition to reviewing other access techniques, their advantages, disadvantages and outcomes.
Peri-threshold Trigeminal Stimulation with Capsaicin Increases Taste Sensitivity in Humans
Authors: Han Pengfei , Müller Lea , Hummel Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Taste perception is affected by trigeminal stimuli, i.e., capsaicin. This has been studied at suprathreshold concentrations. However, little is known about taste perception at threshold level in the presence of low concentration of capsaicin. The aim of the study was to explore whether taste sensitivity for sweet, sour, salt, bitter, and umami is modulated by the presence of capsaicin in the peri-threshold range.

Methods
Fifty-seven adults (age range 19–85 years; 32 women) with functional gustation participated in the study. Based on their perception of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), the group was stratified into non-tasters (n = 20) and tasters (n = 37). Threshold for sweet (sucrose), sour (citric acid), salty (sodium chloride), bitter (quinine-hydrochloride), and umami (sodium-glutamate) tastes was estimated using a single-staircase paradigm (3-alternative forced choice; volume per trial 0.1 ml) with or without 0.9-µM capsaicin added. This capsaicin concentration had been determined in pilot studies to be in the range of oral perception thresholds.

Results
The addition of capsaicin produced lower taste thresholds for sweet, sour, salty, and bitter but not for umami. In contrast, neither PTC taster status nor sex affected these results.

Conclusion
The current results indicate that a low concentration of capsaicin increases gustatory sensitivity.

Implications
The current findings provide evidence supporting different effects of capsaicin on taste perception at threshold level. It has implications for boosting taste sensitivity or flavor enjoyment with low concentration of capsaicin.