bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontline bureaucrats in wildlife management: Caught in the dilemma between effectiveness and responsiveness
Authors: Cinque Serena , Sjölander‐Lindqvist Annelie , Sandström Camilla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrontline bureaucrats are positioned at the interface between citizens and the state. They convert political resolution into action and in effect form the core of many public decisions through interaction and communication with both the recipients of those decisions and upper management levels that initiate them. However, dilemmas often arise when frontline bureaucrats attempt to translate political goals and strategies into local administrative praxis. The case of large carnivore management in Sweden will be used to demonstrate the insuperable difficulties that can arise when managers simultaneously need to balance the bureaucratic tasks of planning, executing, and evaluating performed decisions with attending to calls for increased responsiveness to public values in order to improve the delivery of service. This responsiveness is typically reflected through the new principles of public participation and collaboration, which are added to the bureaucracy to support the integration of broader sets of interests, experiences, and knowledge. In such an environment, the work of frontline managers becomes even more crucial in order to balance and align policy goals with the need to enhance public involvement. Our study reveals that in striving to meet the formal policy requirement to implement and lead collaboration (which in turn creates the central dilemma that concerns us here) managers develop strategies to secure effectiveness rather than responsiveness. Actually, they have few possibilities to do, otherwise when the latest policy edict clearly instructs the authorities to oversee the effective implementation and achievement of goals, leaving little opportunity to pursue genuine collaboration.
Being “smart” differently: Implications of profiling the worldwide smart grids based on a two‐dimensional smartness framework
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Li , Cai Hua , Wang Jianjun , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs more than 10 years have passed since different countries started to build smart grids (SGs), a holistic review of the relative “smartness” of popular SGs may be useful to provide implications for other countries as they plan their own SG roadmaps. This study established a two‐dimensional smartness framework, including functional and technical dimensions, to describe and study the SGs’ smartness comprehensively. Scientific research was used as a reliable source to construct SG profiles for North America, Europe and China, to understand the diversity of SG potential, and the SG projects implemented in these regions were used to further explore its’ smartness. The research results revealed the following SG attributes: (1) Even if the functions performed by all SGs are not exactly the same, SGs in both North America and Europe are distinguished by their functional smartness, meaning they optimize their support for smart electricity usage; (2) China's SG contains less functional smartness than do those of North America and Europe, whereas more technical smartness related to the “energy internet” transition is highlighted; (3) since the SG transition involves both technical innovations and social reforms, although the SG in North America and Europe is superior to China's in terms of functional capabilities, when considering social acceptance, China's SG may actually grow more rapidly in the future. Finally, we analyzed the challenges and future directions in the construction of SGs, the implications for other regions in developing their own SG strategies were also discussed.
Exploring brain connectivity changes in major depressive disorder using functional‐structural data fusion: A CAN‐BIND‐1 study
Authors: Ayyash Sondos , Davis Andrew D. , Alders Gésine L. , MacQueen Glenda , Strother Stephen C. , Hassel Stefanie , Zamyadi Mojdeh , Arnott Stephen R. , Harris Jacqueline K. , Lam Raymond W. , Milev Roumen , Müller Daniel J. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Rotzinger Susan , Frey Benicio N. , Minuzzi Luciano , Hall Geoffrey B. ,   CAN‐BIND Investigator Team
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a growing interest in examining the wealth of data generated by fusing functional and structural imaging information sources. These approaches may have clinical utility in identifying disruptions in the brain networks that underlie major depressive disorder (MDD). We combined an existing software toolbox with a mathematically dense statistical method to produce a novel processing pipeline for the fast and easy implementation of data fusion analysis (FATCAT‐awFC). The novel FATCAT‐awFC pipeline was then utilized to identify connectivity (conventional functional, conventional structural and anatomically weighted functional connectivy) changes in MDD patients compared to healthy comparison participants (HC). Data were acquired from the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression (CAN‐BIND‐1) study. Large‐scale resting‐state networks were assessed. We found statistically significant anatomically‐weighted functional connectivity (awFC) group differences in the default mode network and the ventral attention network, with a modest effect size (d < 0.4). Functional and structural connectivity seemed to overlap in significance between one region‐pair within the default mode network. By combining structural and functional data, awFC served to heighten or reduce the magnitude of connectivity differences in various regions distinguishing MDD from HC. This method can help us more fully understand the interconnected nature of structural and functional connectivity as it relates to depression.
Self‐identified motivators for physical activity: Perspectives of older residential care facility residents
Authors: Wootten Steven , Harris Neil , Wiseman Nicola 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo inform strategies to increase physical activity amongst Older Residential Care Facility Residents (ORCFR), this research explored self‐identified motivators for, benefits of and barriers to physical activity engagement.MethodsThe research was framed within a salutogenic model of health, viewing health as a continuum shaped by one’s health resources and life stressors. This exploratory qualitative research examined the physical activity experiences of seven ORCFR in Brisbane, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews with open‐ended questions assessed basic demographics, Physical Activity (PA) levels, perceived benefits of and barriers to PA. The resulting data underwent thematic analysis.ResultsAfter seven interviews, data saturation was reached, revealing three major themes and seven subthemes. These were positive socialisation (inclusion) with subthemes of enjoying social contact and avoiding “zombieland” (loneliness). Negative socialisation (isolation) with subthemes of avoiding conflict and feeling awkward. Maintaining independence was the benefit, with subthemes of getting around to socialise, activities of daily living and preserving health to socialise.ConclusionConventional physical activity programs emphasising medical and clinical benefits are disconnected from ORCFR motivators, as residents perceive benefits in terms of mobility and socialisation. This disconnect partially explains poor acceptability and uptake of ORCFR physical activity interventions over the last 25 years.
Hormesis: Transforming disciplines that rely on the dose response
Authors: Calabrese Edward J. , Agathokleous Evgenios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article tells the story of hormesis from its conceptual and experimental origins, its dismissal by the scientific and medical communities in the first half of the 20th century, and its rediscovery over the past several decades to be a fundamental evolutionary adaptive strategy. The upregulation of hormetic adaptive mechanisms has the capacity to decelerate the onset and reduce the severity of a broad spectrum of common age‐related health, behavioral, and performance decrements and debilitating diseases, thereby significantly enhancing the human health span. Incorporation of hormetic‐based lifestyle options within the human population would have profoundly positive impacts on the public health, significantly reducing health care costs.
Circular RNA circβ‐catenin aggravates the malignant phenotype of non‐small‐cell lung cancer via encoding a peptide
Authors: Zhao Weijun , Zhang Yandan , Zhu Yonggang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMore and more evidences demonstrate that circular RNAs (circNRAs) can encode protein. As a circRNA with translation capabilities, outcomes of circβ‐catenin in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still need to be explored.MethodThe research methods of circβ‐catenin in the article include qRT‐PCR, wound healing assay, CCK‐8, colony formation, and Transwell assay. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were provided to detect protein expression levels and peptide encoded by circβ‐catenin, respectively.ResultsA prominently higher circβ‐catenin expression was found in NSCLC tissues. Silencing of circβ‐catenin was able to inhibit NSCLC cell migrating, invasive, and proliferative phenotypes. Overexpression of circβ‐catenin could enhance the migrating, invasive, and proliferative phenotypes of NSCLC cells. Importantly, circβ‐catenin was found to encode a peptide in NSCLC cells. Silencing or overexpression of circβ‐catenin could reduce or increase β‐catenin protein expression via suppressing the degradation of β‐catenin.ConclusionCircβ‐catenin could promote NSCLC cell malignant phenotypes via peptide‐regulated β‐catenin pathway. Our study provided a new understanding for the mechanisms of NSCLC.
Diagnostic value of conventional tumor markers in young patients with pulmonary nodules
Authors: Xu Lihuan , Su Zhiming , Xie Baosong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is one of the most common malignancies, and there is a trend of increasing incidence in young patients. The preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary nodules is mainly based on the combination of imaging and tumor markers. There is no relevant report on the diagnostic value of tumor markers in young pulmonary nodules. Our study was designed to explore the value of five tumor markers in young patients with pulmonary nodules.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 390 young patients (age ≤45 years) with pulmonary nodules treated at two separate centers from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2021. Malignant pulmonary nodules were confirmed in 318 patients, and the other 72 patients were diagnosed with benign pulmonary nodules. The gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary nodules was surgical biopsy. The conventional serum biomarkers included cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA21‐1), pro‐gastrin‐releasing‐peptide (ProGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), and squamous cell carcinoma‐associated antigen (SCCA). The diagnostic values of five tumor markers were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the expression of five tumor markers between the groups (p > 0.05). Single tumor marker (CYFRA21‐1, ProGRP, CEA, NSE, and SCCA) showed a limited value in the diagnosis of malignant pulmonary nodules, with the AUC of 0.506, 0.503 0.532, 0.548, and 0.562, respectively. The AUC of the combined examination was only 0.502~0.596, which did not improve the diagnostic value.ConclusionsFive conventional tumor markers had a limited diagnostic value in young patients with pulmonary nodules.
Patterns of alliance development in cognitive behavioral therapy versus attention bias modification for social anxiety disorder: Sawtooth patterns and sudden gains
Authors: Kivity Yogev , Strauss Asher Y. , Elizur Jonathan , Weiss Michal , Cohen Lior , Huppert Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe examined patterns in alliance development in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) compared to attention bias modification (ABM). We focused on the occurrence of sawtooth patterns (increases within‐ and decreases between‐sessions) and sudden gains and their association with outcome.MethodsClients received CBT (n = 33) or ABM (n = 17). Client‐rated alliance was measured before and after each session. Self‐reported and clinician‐rated anxiety were measured weekly and monthly, respectively.ResultsThe alliance increased in CBT in a sawtooth pattern and did not change in ABM. When examining individual clients, sawtooths were more common in CBT (61% clients) than in ABM (6%) and predicted worse outcome in CBT. Sudden gains were equally frequent (CBT, 18%; ABM, 18%) and did not predict outcome.ConclusionThe alliance in CBT is dynamic and important for outcome. Sawtooths are common in CBT and may mark worse outcome.
Mitochondrial damage in renal epithelial cells is potentiated by protein exposure in propionic aciduria
Authors: Schumann Anke , Belche Véronique , Schaller Kristin , Grünert Sarah C. , Kaech Andres , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Kölker Stefan , Hannibal Luciana , Spiekerkoetter Ute 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPropionic aciduria (PA) is caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme propionyl‐CoA carboxylase (PCC). Due to inefficient propionate catabolism patients are endangered by life‐threatening ketoacidotic crisis. Protein and amino acid restriction are major therapeutic pillars. However, long‐term complications like neurological deterioration and cardiac abnormalities cannot be prevented. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is a well‐known characteristic of methylmalonic aciduria two enzymatic steps downstream from PCC, has been recognized as a novel late‐onset complication in PA. The pathophysiology of CKD in PA is unclear. We investigated mitochondrial structure and metabolism in human renal tubular cells of healthy controls and PA patients. The cells were exposed to either standard cell culture conditions (NT), high protein (HP) or high concentrations of isoleucine and valine (I/V). Mitochondrial morphology changed to condensed, fractured morphology in PA cells irrespective of the cell culture medium. HP and I/V exposure, however, potentiated oxidative stress in PA cells. Mitochondrial mass was enriched in PA cells, and further increased by HP and I/V exposure suggesting a need for compensation. Alterations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and accumulation of medium‐ and long‐chain acylcarnitines pointed to altered mitochondrial energy metabolism. Mitophagy was silenced while autophagy as cellular defense mechanisms was highly active in PA cells. The data demonstrate that PA is associated with renal mitochondrial damage which is aggravated by protein and I/V load. Preservation of mitochondrial energy homeostasis in renal cells may be a potential future therapeutic target.
Biparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Derived Nomogram to Detect Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer by Targeted Biopsy for Index Lesion
Authors: Kim Min Je , Park Sung Yoon 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCurrently, it is necessary to investigate how to combine biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) with various clinical parameters for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).PurposeTo develop a multivariate prebiopsy nomogram using clinical and bpMRI parameters for estimating the probability of csPCa.Study typeRetrospective, single‐center study.SubjectsTwo hundred and twenty‐six patients who underwent targeted biopsy (TBx) for the MRI‐suspected index lesion because of clinical suspicions of PCa.Field strength/sequenceA 3 T MRI including turbo spin‐echo T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar imaging sequences.AssessmentPrebiopsy clinical and bpMRI parameters were patient age, biopsy history (biopsy‐naïve or repeated biopsy status), prostate‐specific antigen density (PSAD), Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI‐RADSv2.1), and apparent diffusion coefficient ratio (ADCR). ADCR was defined as mean ADC of the index lesion divided by mean ADC of the contralateral prostatic region. A multivariate prebiopsy nomogram for csPCa (i.e. Gleason sum ≥7) was developed. Area under the curve (AUC) of each parameter and prebiopsy nomogram was assessed. Five‐fold cross‐validation was performed for robust estimation of performance of the prebiopsy nomogram.Statistical testsLogistic regression, receiver‐operating curve, and 5‐fold cross‐validation. P‐value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsProportion of csPCa was 31.9% (72/226). The AUCs of age, biopsy‐naïve status, PSAD, PI‐RADSv2.1, ADCR, and prebiopsy nomogram were 0.657 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.580–0.733), 0.593 (95% CI, 0.525–0.660), 0.762 (95% CI, 0.697–0.826), 0.824 (95% CI, 0.770–0.878), 0.829 (95% CI, 0.769–0.888), and 0.906 (95% CI, 0.863–0.948), respectively: AUC of nomogram was significantly different than that of individual parameter. In the 5‐fold cross‐validation, the mean AUC of the prebiopsy nomogram for csPCa was 0.888 (95% CI, 0.786–0.983).Data conclusionsThis multivariate prebiopsy nomogram using clinical and bpMRI parameters may help estimate the probability of csPCa in patients undergoing TBx. ADCR seems to enhance the role of bpMRI in detecting csPCa.Level of evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2.
The Evaluation of Longitudinal Strain of Large and Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Two‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Ultrasound
Authors: Ning Hongxia , Liu Xiaozheng , Ma Chunyan , Yang Jun , Li Tan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dangerous and lethal vascular disease. Non‐invasive two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking imaging (2D STI) plays an important role in assessing aortic biomechanical properties. Our study aimed to evaluate the alterations of biomechanical characteristics using 2D STI in 91 AAA patients with different size.MethodsAneurysm strain, elastic modulus, stiffness index β, and aortic distensibility determined by M‐Mode ultrasound (US), and longitudinal strain (LS) derived from 2D STI were compared in 40 large AAA patients (diameter ≥ 55 mm) and 51 small AAA patients (diameter < 55 mm).ResultsCompared with small AAA group, anterior wall longitudinal strain (ALS) and posterior wall longitudinal strain (PLS) were significantly decreased in large AAA group (all P < .05) and not affected by age, symptom, hypertension, and thrombus. Meanwhile, ALS and PLS correlated negatively with maximal aneurysm diameters (r = −0.628 and −0.469, respectively, all P < .001). And only ALS was associated with M‐Mode US parameters (all P < .05). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, ALS and PLS had strong diagnostic values for large AAA with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 and 0.72, and cut‐off points of 1.71 and 1.64% with a sensitivity of 78 and 72%, and a specificity of 75 and 70%, respectively.ConclusionsLS measured by 2D STI could evaluate the biomechanical properties of aneurysm wall with different size, and add additional diagnostic value in distinguishing between small and large AAA.
Guest editorial—Policies and practices in action to address soil erosion: A special issue from the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion 2019
Authors: Lefèvre Clara , Balks Megan , Nziguheba Generose , Poch Rosa M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis special issue is the second one drawn from the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion (GSER, May 15–17, 2019, Rome, Italy) and includes contributions dealing with the second theme of the GSER: Policies and practices in action to address soil erosion. While there is a good scientific understanding of the physical measures that can be used to prevent or mitigate soil erosion, the main constraints to progress often relate to policy development and or implementation as well as socio‐economic aspects that provide limitations to the implementation of sustainable soil management (SSM) practices including those directed to control erosion. There are no right or wrong answers to which policy or approach is most effective. Some combination of approaches needs to be adopted that work in the particular political, cultural, and socio‐economic environment under consideration. The papers included in this special issue provide examples, from the national to a local level that could be adapted, or used, to improve uptake and implementation of SSM practices to prevent or reduce soil erosion. Regardless of what policy or plan is developed, there has to be effective interaction with the local farmers and land managers as they are the key to implementing any actions that will make a practical difference on the ground. Effective policies cannot be developed or implemented without bringing the land managers ‘on board’ and the needs and limitations of the local farmers must be thoroughly understood and considered in any policy or plan development.
Identification of the fate and regenerative mechanism of zebrafish melanocyte progenitor cells and melanocytes after laser‐induced pigment ablation
Authors: Park Ji Hyun , Koun Soonil , Kim Ko Eun , Kim Il‐Hwan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLasers are known to be the most effective treatment modality for pigmentary skin diseases. However, melanocytes and melanin pigment often recur or leave post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation after the laser procedure. Studies have reported on the role of progenitor cells in pigment cell regeneration, which can be constantly replenished through mitosis. However, the response of unpigmented melanocyte progenitor cells to laser treatment is poorly understood. In this study, we used adult zebrafish skin as the melanocyte regenerative system and examined the response of melanocyte progenitor cells to laser photothermolysis.Materials and MethodsThe two groups of adult zebrafish were irradiated with 1064 nm wavelength laser system of Q‐switched neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with 0.3 or 0.7 J·cm−2. We compared the regeneration of pigment at different energy levels by measuring new melanocyte counts and pigment area. We traced and quantitatively compared the melanocyte lineage cells by immunohistochemical staining using specific markers such as sox10, mitfa, and dct during the regeneration process. Three repetitive laser ablations were also held to test the postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.ResultsAfter the laser ablation of melanocytes, most of the new melanocytes appeared between Days 5 and 10. In high‐energy irradiation of 0.7 J·cm−2, the unpigmented mitfa‐expressing cells showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) and showed delay in the differentiation process of melanocyte lineage cells. After repeated laser irradiation, hyperpigmentation did not appear and the final recovery ratio of the pigmented area was 87.5% and 75.3% at the 0.3 and 0.7 J·cm−2 energy levels, respectively.ConclusionWe suggest that laser treatment overcoming the recurrence should be planned based on the adequate energy level targeting the melanocyte progenitor cells. High‐energy irradiation may induce apoptosis of progenitor cells and delay their process of differentiation. Short‐term repetitive sessions of laser therapy can reduce the pigmentation in the long‐term observation.