bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessement of control strategy by spraying low doses of sugars on apple orchard against Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758.)
Authors: TIFFRENT Abdelkader Nabil , LOMBARKIA Nadia 
Published: March 2021

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella [L.]) is the most serious pest of apple worldwide. Its control still relies largely on insecticide applications. To deal with this situation, it becomes essential to design eco-friendly control systems to minimize chemical treatments. In this context, the effect of spraying of fructose (100 ppm), glucose (100 ppm) and insecticide (Deltamethrin), on the Golden Delicious variety against C. pomonella larval damages, was studied in an orchard located in Batna province (Algeria). The results of this study showed that codling moth own four generations in the study area. It is a very important pest with about 59.19 ± 1.15 % of damaged fruits at harvest. The spraying of glucose alone, fructose alone and the chemical insecticide alone causes a significant increase in the percentages of healthy fruit at harvest compared to the untreated control. The use of fructose and glucose has significantly reduced the percentage of damaged fruits at harvest followed by the spraying of the insecticide which produces the lowest percentage. The Abbott’s efficacy of glucose treatments was 23.75 ± 2.6 % compared to the insecticide 37.6 ± 2.55 %; and fructose 15.54 ± 3.01 %. The use of sugars is a completely innovative way in the field of plant protection. These first results demonstrate a promising alternative to conventional programs.
Two red macroalgae newly introduced into New Zealand: Pachymeniopsis lanceolata (K. Okamura) Y. Yamada ex S. Kawabata and Fushitsunagia catenata Filloramo et G. W. Saunders
Authors: D’Archino Roberta , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introductions of macroalgae are becoming more common with increased surveillance and the use of molecular tools to unequivocally identify invaders. We here report two non-indigenous macroalgal species newly confirmed to be present in New Zealand. Pachymeniopsis lanceolata is an irregularly divided foliose blade, first detected in Lyttleton Harbour/Whakaraupō, South Island but here also reported from the North Island. It has known introductions from its native range in Pacific Asia to the Mediterranean, Atlantic and the eastern Pacific. The introduced cox3 haplotype was also found in New Zealand, suggesting a secondary introduction from a previous introduced area, but we also found a novel haplotype in the North Island suggesting a case of multiple introductions. Fushitsunagia catenata, a recent segregate from Lomentaria, was also first detected in Whakaraupō and was initially identified as a species of Champia. RbcL data shows that it belongs to F. catenata. This species is also of Asian origin and has been known to have been introduced to Spain, Mexico, and Australia. We provide morphological and reproductive descriptions of the species in New Zealand. Continued surveillance, and follow up monitoring, are needed to track the expansion and effects of these macroalgae on native biotas.
Parental Involvement and Pupils’ Academic Performance in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Darko-Asumadu Daniel Ampem , Sika-Bright Solomon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Studies have shown that pupils’ academic performance is not only determined by their parents’ socio-economic status but also parental involvement in the education processes. The study, therefore, examined the socio-economic status of parents and its influence on pupils’ academic performance looking at the role of parental involvement in that relationship. With Walberg’s theory of educational productivity as a lens, the findings were based on surveys with 120 pupils selected randomly from Kwaprow Basic School and 10 and 5 interviews with parents and teachers respectively. The study found that parents’ education did not significantly affect students’ academic performance. Parents were not assisting their children in their academic activities including failure to attend Parent-Teacher Association meetings and not assisting them with homework. This was largely attributed to parental low educational level. However, with a 0.045, 0.028, 0.041 and 0.036, as p-values, the study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between parental involvement, occupation and family size and academic performance of pupils. In order to improve students’ academic performance, the study recommended that the Parent-Teacher Associations (PTA) should intensively sensitise parents on the need to involve themselves in their wards’ education so as to aid them to perform better academically.
The enigmatic fascia: eosinophilic fasciitis
Authors: Aun Jonathan A. , Knox Rachel S. , Roberts Jared E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This case report highlights the potentially underrecognized subtype of unilateral eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) in a 28 year old man. With fewer than 300 reported encounters to date, EF is a rare disease that eludes clinicians by presenting as a scleroderma like syndrome. As EF remains a clinical diagnosis, biopsy results may be nonspecific, and the disease can easily be misdiagnosed (or missed entirely) if a full thickness biopsy is not reviewed by a dermatopathologist. The authors also emphasize the importance of internationally accepted diagnostic criteria, of which at least two different sets exist.
Recent advancements and perspectives on light management and high performance in perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kar Shaoni , Jamaludin Nur Fadilah , Yantara Natalia , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Leong Wei Lin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Perovskite semiconductors have experienced meteoric rise in a variety of optoelectronic applications. With a strong foothold on photovoltaics, much focus now lies on their light emission applications. Rapid progress in materials engineering have led to the demonstration of external quantum efficiencies that surpass the previously established theoretical limits. However, there remains much scope to further optimize the light propagation inside the device stack through careful tailoring of the optical processes that take place at the bulk and interface levels. Photon recycling in the emitter material followed by efficient outcoupling can result in boosting external efficiencies up to 100%. In addition, the poor ambient and operational stability of these materials and devices restrict further commercialization efforts. With best operational lifetimes of only a few hours reported, there is a long way to go before perovskite LEDs can be perceived as reliable alternatives to more established technologies like organic or quantum dot-based LED devices. This review article starts with the discussions of the mechanism of luminescence in these perovskite materials and factors impacting it. It then looks at the possible routes to achieve efficient outcoupling through nanostructuring of the emitter and the substrate. Next, we analyse the instability issues of perovskite-based LEDs from a photophysical standpoint, taking into consideration the underlying phenomena pertaining to defects, and summarize recent advances in mitigating the same. Finally, we provide an outlook on the possible routes forward for the field and propose new avenues to maximally exploit the excellent light-emitting capabilities of this family of semiconductors.
Crystal structure of bis{(2-pyridinyl)-1-phenyl-1-isopropylmethanolato-κ2
N,O}nickel, C30H32N2NiO2
Authors: Singh Nijal K. , Soobramoney Lynette , Shozi Mzamo L. , Friedrich Holger B. , Zamisa Sizwe J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C30H32N2NiO2, monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

(no. 14), a = 12.1250(4) Å, b = 13.6413(4) Å, c = 8.1152(3) Å, β = 108.348(2)°, V = 1274.02(7) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0285, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0711, T = 100 K.
Development of ionic liquid-based electroactive polymer composites using nanotechnology
Authors: Dong Yuqing , Yeung Ka-Wai , Tang Chak-Yin , Law Wing-Cheung , Tsui Gary Chi-Pong , Xie Xiaolin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This review is intended to provide an overview of the design and fabrication of ionic liquid-based ionic electroactive polymer (IL-iEAP) transducers for advanced applications in biological and electronic fields. The iEAP is a class of smart materials that can perform sensing or actuating functions by controlling the movement of cations and anions in the active layer. This type of material can deform under low voltage stimulation and generate electrical signals when undergoing mechanical deformation because of ion redistribution. Numerous research attention has been focused on studying the deformation mechanisms and the potential for actuation, sensing, and energy harvesting applications. Compared to the traditional water-based iEAP, the non-volatile IL-iEAP delivers a wider electrochemical window and a more stable actuation performance. In this paper, the classification of iEAP with different actuation mechanisms is first outlined, followed by introducing various preparation methods including nanotechnology for IL-iEAPs, and discussing the key factors governing their actuation performance. In addition, the advanced functions of IL-iEAP in actuating and sensing, especially self-sensing in bionics and electromechanical equipment applications, are reviewed. Finally, novel nanotechnologies used for fabricating IL-iEAPs and the prospects of their microelectromechanical system (MEMS) applications are discussed.
Older Adults' Perceptions Regarding the Role of Physical Therapists in Fall Prevention: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Vincenzo Jennifer L. , Patton Susan Kane , Lefler Leanne L. , Falvey Jason R. , McElfish Pearl A. , Curran Geoffrey , Wei Jeanne 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Falls are a leading cause of injury, morbidity, and mortality among older adults. Physical therapists are underutilized for fall prevention despite strong evidence and recommendations regarding their effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to explore older adults' awareness of and perceptions regarding the role of physical therapists for fall prevention. A secondary purpose of the study was to identify barriers to utilization of preventive rehabilitation services.

Methods:
A qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological approach was used. Participant demographics and fall history were obtained with a standard questionnaire. Four focus groups were conducted with 27 community-dwelling older adults (average age = 78 years). Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis.

Results:
Surveys indicated 37% of participants experienced a fall in the last year and 26% reported sustaining an injury. Four main themes and 5 subthemes about older adults' perceptions of physical therapy providers emerged: (1) awareness of fall prevention (subthemes: I can or have taken action to prevent falls, I don't think about it, and I am more careful); (2) learning how to fall and being able to get up from the floor; (3) limited knowledge regarding the role of physical therapists for fall prevention; and (4) a physical therapist should be seen for a specific problem, or after a fall (subthemes: perceived need and costs, and access requires a doctor's prescription).

Conclusion:
Older adults lack awareness about the role of physical therapists for fall prevention, believing they should only seek treatment from a physical therapist to address a specific problem, or after a fall. The profession should consider addressing misconceptions and underutilization by educating the public that physical therapists can and do play an important role in the prevention of falls. Being explicit about the prevention of falls throughout an older adults' episode of care may further help reinforce the role of physical therapists for fall prevention and improve dissemination of this knowledge.
High Dietary Fat Consumption Impairs Axonal Mitochondrial FunctionIn Vivo
Authors: Sajic Marija , Rumora Amy E. , Kanhai Anish A. , Dentoni Giacomo , Varatharajah Sharlini , Casey Caroline , Brown Ryan D. R. , Peters Fabian , Hinder Lucy M. , Savelieff Masha G. , Feldman Eva L. , Smith Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2021

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the most common complication of prediabetes and diabetes. PN causes severe morbidity for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes patients, including limb pain followed by numbness resulting from peripheral nerve damage. PN in T2D and prediabetes is associated with dyslipidemia and elevated circulating lipids; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying PN development in prediabetes and T2D are unknown. Peripheral nerve sensory neurons rely on axonal mitochondria to provide energy for nerve impulse conduction under homeostatic conditions. Models of dyslipidemiain vitrodemonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction in sensory neurons exposed to elevated levels of exogenous fatty acids. Herein, we evaluated the effect of dyslipidemia on mitochondrial function and dynamics in sensory axons of the saphenous nerve of a male high-fat diet (HFD)-fed murine model of prediabetes to identify mitochondrial alterations that correlate with PN pathogenesisin vivo. We found that the HFD decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in axonal mitochondria and reduced the ability of sensory neurons to conduct at physiological frequencies. Unlike mitochondria in control axons, which dissipated their MMP in response to increased impulse frequency (from 1 to 50 Hz), HFD mitochondria dissipated less MMP in response to axonal energy demand, suggesting a lack of reserve capacity. The HFD also decreased sensory axonal Ca2+levels and increased mitochondrial lengthening and expression of PGC1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Together, these results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies an imbalance of axonal energy and Ca2+levels and impairs impulse conduction within the saphenous nerve in prediabetic PN.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDiabetes and prediabetes are leading causes of peripheral neuropathy (PN) worldwide. PN has no cure, but development in diabetes and prediabetes is associated with dyslipidemia, including elevated levels of saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids impair mitochondrial dynamics and function in cultured neurons, indicating a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in PN progression; however, the effect of elevated circulating fatty acids on the peripheral nervous systemin vivois unknown. In this study, we identify early pathogenic events in sensory nerve axons of mice with high-fat diet-induced PN, including alterations in mitochondrial function, axonal conduction, and intra-axonal calcium, that provide important insight into potential PN mechanisms associated with prediabetes and dyslipidemiain vivo.
Examining the Coding Strength of Object Identity and Nonidentity Features in Human Occipito-Temporal Cortex and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Xu Yaoda , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam 
Published: March 2021

A visual object is characterized by multiple visual features, including its identity, position and size. Despite the usefulness of identity and nonidentity features in vision and their joint coding throughout the primate ventral visual processing pathway, they have so far been studied relatively independently. Here in both female and male human participants, the coding of identity and nonidentity features was examined together across the human ventral visual pathway. The nonidentity features tested included two Euclidean features (position and size) and two non-Euclidean features (image statistics and spatial frequency (SF) content of an image). Overall, identity representation increased and nonidentity feature representation decreased along the ventral visual pathway, with identity outweighing the non-Euclidean but not the Euclidean features at higher levels of visual processing. In 14 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained for object categorization with varying architecture, depth, and with/without recurrent processing, nonidentity feature representation showed an initial large increase from early to mid-stage of processing, followed by a decrease at later stages of processing, different from brain responses. Additionally, from lower to higher levels of visual processing, position became more underrepresented and image statistics and SF became more overrepresented compared with identity in CNNs than in the human brain. Similar results were obtained in a CNN trained with stylized images that emphasized shape representations. Overall, by measuring the coding strength of object identity and nonidentity features together, our approach provides a new tool for characterizing feature coding in the human brain and the correspondence between the brain and CNNs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study examined the coding strength of object identity and four types of nonidentity features along the human ventral visual processing pathway and compared brain responses with those of 14 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained to perform object categorization. Overall, identity representation increased and nonidentity feature representation decreased along the ventral visual pathway, with some notable differences among the different nonidentity features. CNNs differed from the brain in a number of aspects in their representations of identity and nonidentity features over the course of visual processing. Our approach provides a new tool for characterizing feature coding in the human brain and the correspondence between the brain and CNNs.
Longitudinal Analysis of Sleep Spindle Maturation from Childhood through Late Adolescence
Authors: Zhang Zoey Y. , Campbell Ian G. , Dhayagude Pari , Espino Harrison C. , Feinberg Irwin 
Published: March 2021

Sleep spindles are intermittent bursts of 11-15 Hz EEG waves that occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Spindles are believed to help maintain sleep and to play a role in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Here we applied an automated sleep spindle detection program to our large longitudinal sleep EEG dataset (98 human subjects, 6-18 years old, >2000 uninterrupted nights) to evaluate maturational trends in spindle wave frequency, density, amplitude, and duration. This large dataset enabled us to apply nonlinear as well as linear age models, thereby extending the findings of prior cross-sectional studies that used linear models. We found that spindle wave frequency increased with remarkable linearity across the age range. Central spindle density increased nonlinearly to a peak at age 15.1 years. Central spindle wave amplitude declined in a sigmoidal pattern with the age of fastest decline at 13.5 years. Spindle duration decreased linearly with age. Of the four measures, only spindle amplitude showed a sex difference in dynamics such that the age of most rapid decline in females preceded that in males by 1.4 years. This amplitude pattern, including the sex difference in timing, paralleled the maturational pattern for δ (1–4 Hz) wave power. We interpret these age-related changes in spindle characteristics as indicators of maturation of thalamocortical circuits and changes in sleep depth. These robust age-effects could facilitate the search for cognitive-behavioral correlates of spindle waveforms and might also help guide basic research on EEG mechanisms and postnatal brain maturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain reorganization of adolescence produces massive changes in sleep EEG. These changes include the morphology and abundance of sleep spindles, an EEG marker of non-rapid eye movement sleep believed to reflect offline memory processes and/or protection of the sleep state. We analyzed >2000 nights of longitudinal sleep EEG from 98 subjects (age 6-18 years old) to investigate maturational changes in spindle amplitude, frequency, density, and duration. The large dataset enabled us to detect nonlinear as well as linear age changes. All measures showed robust age effects that we hypothesize reflect the maturation of thalamocortical circuits and decreasing sleep depth. These findings could guide further research into the cognitive-behavioral correlates of sleep spindles and their underlying brain mechanisms.
PKC98E Regulates Odorant Responses inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Poudel Seeta , Guo Hao , Smith Dean P. 
Published: March 2021

Drosophilaodorant receptors (Ors) are ligand gated ion channels composed of a common receptor subunit Or co-receptor (ORCO) and one of 62 “tuning” receptor subunits that confer odorant specificity to olfactory neuron responses. Like other sensory systems studied to date, exposingDrosophilaolfactory neurons to activating ligands results in reduced responses to subsequent exposures through a process called desensitization. We recently showed that phosphorylation of serine 289 on the common Or subunit ORCO is required for normal peak olfactory neuron responses. Dephosphorylation of this residue occurs on prolonged odorant exposure, and underlies the slow modulation of olfactory neuron responses we term “slow desensitization.” Slow desensitization results in the reduction of peak olfactory neuron responses and flattening of dose–response curves, implicating changes in ORCOS289phosphorylation state as an important modulator of olfactory neuron responses. Here, we report the identification of the primary kinase responsible for ORCOS289phosphorylation, PKC98E. Antiserum localizes the kinase to the dendrites of the olfactory neurons. Deletion of the kinase from olfactory neurons in the naive state (the absence of prolonged odor exposure) reduces ORCOS289phosphorylation and reduces peak odorant responses without altering receptor localization or expression levels. Genetic rescue with aPKC98Epredicted to be constitutively active restores ORCO S289 phosphorylation and olfactory neuron sensitivity to thePKC98Emutants in the naive state. However, the dominant kinase is defective for slow desensitization. Together, these findings reveal that PKC98E is an important regulator of ORCO receptors and olfactory neuron function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe have identified PKC98E as the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of the odorant receptor co-receptor (ORCO) at S289 that is required for normal odorant response kinetics of olfactory neurons. This is a significant step toward revealing the enzymology underlying the regulation of odorant response regulation in insects.