bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate control on terrestrial biospheric carbon turnover
Authors: Eglinton Timothy I. , Galy Valier V. , Hemingway Jordon D. , Feng Xiaojuan , Bao Hongyan , Blattmann Thomas M. , Dickens Angela F. , Gies Hannah , Giosan Liviu , Haghipour Negar , Hou Pengfei , Lupker Maarten , McIntyre Cameron P. , Montluçon Daniel B. , Peucker-Ehrenbrink Bernhard , Ponton Camilo , Schefuß Enno , Schwab Melissa S. , Voss Britta M. , Wacker Lukas , Wu Ying , Zhao Meixun 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Terrestrial organic-carbon reservoirs (vegetation, soils) currently consume more than a third of anthropogenic carbon emitted to the atmosphere, but the response of this “terrestrial sink” to future climate change is widely debated. Rivers export organic carbon sourced over their watersheds, offering an opportunity to assess controls on land carbon cycling on broad spatial scales. Using radiocarbon ages of biomolecular tracer compounds exported by rivers, we show that temperature and precipitation exert primary controls on biospheric-carbon turnover within river basins. These findings reveal large-scale climate control on soil carbon stocks, and they provide a framework to quantify responses of terrestrial organic-carbon reservoirs to past and future change.
Optimizing the selection of fillers in police lineups
Authors: Colloff Melissa F. , Wilson Brent M. , Seale-Carlisle Travis M. , Wixted John T. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Eyewitness misidentifications have contributed to many wrongful convictions later overturned by DNA evidence. In response, many useful reforms have been introduced to protect the innocent. However, some police practices designed to protect the innocent also protect the guilty. We investigated a method for selecting fillers in a police lineup that protects the innocent while also making it easier to identify guilty suspects. Intuitively, fair lineups are created by choosing fillers who are similar in appearance to the suspect. However, we found that choosing fillers who match the description of the perpetrator but who are otherwise dissimilar to the suspect’s appearance yield fair lineups and enhance eyewitness identification performance. It does so by imperiling the guilty while protecting the innocent.
Early life adversity promotes resilience to opioid addiction-related phenotypes in male rats and sex-specific transcriptional changes
Authors: Ordoñes Sanchez Evelyn , Bavley Charlotte C. , Deutschmann Andre U. , Carpenter Rachel , Peterson Drew R. , Karbalaei Reza , Flowers James , Rogers Charleanne M. , Langrehr Miranda G. , Ardekani Cory S. , Famularo Sydney T. , Bongiovanni Angela R. , Knouse Melissa C. , Floresco Stan B. , Briand Lisa A. , Wimmer Mathieu E. , Bangasser Debra A. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Opioid use disorder is on the rise, as are efforts to understand vulnerability to misuse. However, understanding resilience to drug abuse is also critical to the development of novel treatments. Here we demonstrate that a brief postnatal exposure to a low-resource environment—using the limited bedding and nesting (LBN) manipulation—promoted resilience to addiction-related phenotypes in adult male rats. Specifically, LBN reduced impulsivity, morphine self-administration, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) glutamate transmission in males, effects not seen in females. By comparing the sexes, we found that changes in NAc gene transcription unique to LBN males may contribute to resilience. Importantly, these molecular changes reveal new targets that could guide the development of pharmacotherapies for opioid use disorder.
A genomic region associated with protection against severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neandertals
Authors: Zeberg Hugo , Pääbo Svante 
Published: February 2021

Significance
We show that a haplotype on chromosome 12, which is associated with a ∼22% reduction in relative risk of becoming severely ill with COVID-19 when infected by SARS-CoV-2, is inherited from Neandertals. This haplotype is present at substantial frequencies in all regions of the world outside Africa. The genomic region where this haplotype occurs encodes proteins that are important during infections with RNA viruses.
History entanglement entropy
Authors: Castellani Leonardo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A formalism is proposed to describe entangled quantum histories, and their entanglement entropy. We define a history vector, living in a tensor space with basis elements corresponding to the allowed histories, i.e. histories with nonvanishing amplitudes. The amplitudes are the components of the history vector, and contain the dynamical information. Probabilities of measurement sequences, and resulting collapse, are given by generalized Born rules: they are all expressed by means of projections and scalar products involving the history vector. Entangled history states are introduced, and a history density matrix is defined in terms of ensembles of history vectors. The corresponding history entropies (and history entanglement entropies for composite systems) are explicitly computed in two examples taken from quantum computation circuits.
New research based on the new high-order generalized uncertainty principle for Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Zhao Z L , Hassanabadi H , Long Z W , Ran Q K , Wu H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new high-order generalized uncertainty principle is proposed in this paper, which can modify the coordinate operator and the momentum operator simultaneously. Afterwards, the Klein–Gordon equation with linear scalar and vector potential is investigated in the context of new principle and whose corresponding exact analytical solutions are further derived. In addition, the above results are also verified in a pure algebraic fashion by using the property of shape invariance symmetry. Moreover, the influence of the minimum length parameter β on the energy spectrum of the Klein–Gordon equation is also discussed in detail in this article.
Ab initio study of the effects of helium on the mechanical properties of different erbium hydrides
Authors: Zhang Mingwen , Li Li , Zhao Zhezhen , Nie Jinlan , Zu Xiaotao , Deng Hongxiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although rare-earth metals have increasingly received attention for use in the storage and transportation of the tritium used in nuclear fusion reactions, they still face great challenges, such as the effect of helium on the mechanical properties of different erbium hydrides. In this work, first principles are used to study the mechanical properties (elastic constants, Young’s modulus, transverse shear modulus and bulk modulus) of different erbium hydrides exposed to helium. The Young’s modulus, the transverse shear modulus and the bulk modulus are given based on the elastic constants calculated according to first principles. It is found that the mechanical properties of all three erbium hydrides decrease in the presence of helium, and the decline of the mechanical properties of ErH3 is the most serious. To explain the reason for the decrease in the mechanical properties, the densities of the states of erbium hydrides are calculated. During the calculations, helium embrittlement is not found and the ductility of the erbium hydrides improves following the production of helium at the helium concentrations considered in this work.
Bioelectronic medicine for the autonomic nervous system: clinical applications and perspectives
Authors: Cracchiolo Marina , Ottaviani Matteo Maria , Panarese Alessandro , Strauss Ivo , Vallone Fabio , Mazzoni Alberto , Micera Silvestro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bioelectronic medicine (BM) is an emerging new approach for developing novel neuromodulation therapies for pathologies that have been previously treated with pharmacological approaches. In this review, we will focus on the neuromodulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity with implantable devices, a field of BM that has already demonstrated the ability to treat a variety of conditions, from inflammation to metabolic and cognitive disorders. Recent discoveries about immune responses to ANS stimulation are the laying foundation for a new field holding great potential for medical advancement and therapies and involving an increasing number of research groups around the world, with funding from international public agencies and private investors. Here, we summarize the current achievements and future perspectives for clinical applications of neural decoding and stimulation of the ANS. First, we present the main clinical results achieved so far by different BM approaches and discuss the challenges encountered in fully exploiting the potential of neuromodulatory strategies. Then, we present current preclinical studies aimed at overcoming the present limitations by looking for optimal anatomical targets, developing novel neural interface technology, and conceiving more efficient signal processing strategies. Finally, we explore the prospects for translating these advancements into clinical practice.
Effect of pH and ionic strength of chitosan/casein and casein/chitosan multilayers on curcumin release
Authors: Grigorov A , Viraneva A , Marudova M , Yovcheva T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present paper the effect of pH and ionic strength on the immobilization and release of curcumin from chitosan and casein polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) was investigated. The investigated PEMs were deposited on polylactic acid (PDLA) substrates. The PLA substrates were charged in a corona discharge system, consisting of a corona electrode, a grounded plate electrode and a grid placed between them. The substrate was charged for 1 minute at room temperature. Positive or negative 5kV voltage was applied to the corona electrode and 1 kV voltage with the same polarity was applied to the grid. Chitosan solutions with different pH and ionic strength were prepared. Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition technique was used for the multilayer build-up. For the deposition process was ensured that the first deposited layer always possessed an opposite electric charge to that of the substrate. An investigation of the water uptake properties of the deposited PEM multilayers was carried out. Curcumin was immobilized in the resulting casein layers. The release of the immobilized curcumin from the multilayers in saline buffer was investigated and the effects of the different pH and ionic strengths of the chitosan solutions were determined.
A clustering of red wines based on physicochemical and optical properties
Authors: Minkova St , Pisanova E S , Nikolova Kr T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sixty-nine samples of red wines, produced in different regions of Bulgaria, Chile and South Africa from the Merlot (42 samples) and Cabernet Sauvignon (27 samples) grape varieties are characterized by 13 physicochemical and optical properties. The physicochemical characteristics (antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content) have been obtained spectrophotometrically, while the antioxidant activity (AOA) has been measured by using both DPPH and ABTS methods. Based on a hierarchical cluster analysis with an average linkage algorithm, the studied wines from grape variety Merlot as well as the ones from grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon, according to their antioxidant activities (AOA ABTS and AOA DPPH) and anthocyanins content are grouped into three generalized groups. When integral fluorescence intensities at an excitation wavelength of 265 nm are added as a factor, for the wines from the grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon there is not any difference in their grouping, and for the ones from grape variety Merlot, the only difference is that one sample of wine passes to the first cluster. The results, obtained from the clustering procedure are presented graphically by dendrograms.
Fluorescence Spectra and Chemical Composition of High Oleic Sunflower Oils with Herbs Oil Additives
Authors: Gentscheva Galia , Pashev Aleksandar , Nikolova Krastena , Minkova Stefka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fluorescence spectra and chemical composition of cold-pressed sunflower oleic oils with addition of oils from: 1) basil (Ocimum basilicum), 2) rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and 3) oregano (Origanum vulgare) were studied. The aim of the study is to compare chemical composition of cold pressed oil with and without addition of different plant oils. The concentrations of some elements (essential and toxic) in oil were determined by using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. Infrared spectroscopic experiments (ATR and transmittance) and NMR spectrum were used to study the fatty acid profile of the analysed oils.
Soliton Scattering on Impurities with Modified Exchange Interactions in Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Chains
Authors: Primatarowa M T , Kamburova R S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The soliton propagation in an anisotropic ferromagnetic chain where the exchange interactions of an impurity spin with its neighbors are modified is investigated. We considered easy-axis anisotropy of the chain which leads to the formation of bright soliton solutions. The character of the soliton-impurity interaction is different when the exchange coupling of the spin is modified in the x,y-plane or in the z-direction. Our results show that the action of the defect depends on the soliton wave number in a complicated manner and for large velocities becomes significant. A comparison with the soliton dynamics in the presence of point defects is made.
Finite-size scaling and bulk critical behavior of a quantum spherical model with a long-range interaction: entropy, internal energy and specific heat
Authors: Nedev N P , Pisanova E S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The entropy, the internal energy and the specific heat of a d-dimensional quantum spherical model with a long-range interaction, the decreasing of which is controlled by a parameter σ (0 < σ ≤ 2), are studied close to its quantum critical point in the context of the finite-size scaling (FSS) theory for d = σ. The obtained specific heat critical exponent σ does not depend on σ and satisfies the quantum hyperscaling relation. Based on the derived FSS forms and asymptotes of the universal scaling functions of the considered quantities, the leading temperature dependencies of the entropy, the internal energy and the specific heat are obtained in both the renormalized classical and the quantum disordered regions of the phase diagram. It has been shown that when the temperature T → +0, the entropy and the specific heat in the renormalized classical region tend to zero as powers of T, while in the quantum disordered region they tend to zero exponentially.
Discrete dynamics of energy and momentum transfer
Authors: Georgiev M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present paper we introduce a hypothesis that represents the processes of energy and momentum transfer between interacting particles as a discrete over time. The discrete-time framework is grounded by a fundamental constant that give rise to unique quantum impulse equation and relations that the corresponding mechanical power, force and torque satisfy. In addition to the energy-frequency and momentum-wavelength relations, the theory generate power-frequency and force-wavelength analogs, respectively. Operator representations of the mechanical power, force and torque in the position space are discussed.
Preparation and optical characterization of Au – In films for plasmonic applications
Authors: Todorov R , Hristova-Vasileva T , Atanasova A , Katrova V , Milushev G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thin Au-In films were prepared by thermal co-evaporation and studied by the means of energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The alloying tendency in the as-deposited thin films was analysed and the influence of the AuIn2 and Au7In3 compounds on the optical properties and the possibility for excitation of a plasmon resonance in the bimetallic condensates was analysed.
Optical properties of thin Ag - In films prepared by interdiffusion in bimetallic nanolayered stacks
Authors: Todorov R , Hristova-Vasileva T , Atanasova A , Katrova V , Strijkova V , Milushev G , Milanov E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present work reports on the preparation, structural and optical properties of thin bimetallic films from the Ag-In system. Thin films with required compositions were prepared by annealing of Ag/In stacks. The chemical and phase composition, as well as the surface morphology of thin films were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The optical properties of the thin film coatings were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The increase of the indium content increases the values of the imaginary part of the complex permittivity in the visible spectral region and decreases them in the ultraviolet spectral region. As a result, a shift of the plasmonic activity towards higher photon energies was achieved.
Structure and dielectric behaviour of glasses in the TeO2-BaO-V2O5 system
Authors: Tasheva T R , Slavov S S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of telecommunication and information technology aims to design and investigate new functional materials. Glasses in the TeO2-BaO-V2O5 seems to be promising materials within this purpose. In this connection the structure and dielectric properties of the glasses have been studied. Small polaron hopping of V4+ to V5+ ion in the vanadate chains and the influence of BaO and TeO2 on the dielectric permittivity, dielectric losses and frequency depended conductivity of the glasses measured at room temperature in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz have been discussed.
Study of the sensitivity of ZrO2 and ZnO layers electrochemically deposited on a quartz resonator
Authors: Lovchinov K , Alexieva G , Georgieva B , Petrov M , Gergova R , Tzoukrovsky Y , Tyutyundzhiev N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A study is presented on the sensitivity of electrochemically deposited ZrO2 and ZnO on a quartz resonator. The nanostructured ZrO2 and ZnO layers are deposited by electrochemical method on the Au electrodes of the quartz resonators. The deposition of the electrochemical layers of ZrO2 and ZnO is carried out in aqueous solution of (ZrOCl2 (5. 10-3 M) and KCl (0.1 M) for ZrO2 and (ZnCl2 (5. 10-3 M) and KCl (0.1 M) for ZnO) at 70°C and (vs SCE) using a three-electrode electrochemical cell. The structure of the ZrO2 and ZnO layers deposited on the polished surface of quartz resonator is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometry. The influence of the roughness on the ZrO2 and ZnO sorption properties is investigated. The sorption ability of the ZrO2 and ZnO layers is defined by measuring the resonant frequency shift (ΔF) of the quartz structure in the presence of different concentration of methanol, ethanol and ammonia (0 - 25000 ppm).
Effect of infrared laser irradiation on electrical conductivity and ethanol sensitivity of sol-gel ZnO thin films
Authors: Gegova-Dzhurkova R , Nesheva D , Mihailov V , Dzhurkov V , Terziyska P , Manolov E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zinc oxide thin films are prepared by spin-coating sol-gel method. Warm air flow is used as a first step in the drying procedure during the preparation of a part of the films. Post-deposition irradiation of some films with infrared pulse laser is also applied. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction and conductivity measurements are used to get information about the influence of the laser irradiation and the usage of the warm air flow on the properties of the films. It is shown that all films are nanocrystalline and the treatment with warm air flow and laser beam irradiation improves films crystallinity and reduces their conductivity. The results are related to lower porosity and smaller amount of defects in treated films.
Effect of blocking and tunnel oxide layers on the charge trapping properties of MIS capacitors with ALD HfO2/Al2O3 nanolaminated films
Authors: Spassov D , Paskaleva A , Guziewicz E , Wozniak W , Stanchev T , Ivanov Tz , Wojewoda-Budka J , Janusz-Skuza M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrical and charge trapping properties of HfO2/Al2O3 nanolaminated stacks incorporated in three types of metal-insulator-silicon capacitor structures (without blocking and tunnel oxide layers; with 20 nm Al2O3 as blocking oxide and ∼3 nm Al2O3 or thermal SiO2 as tunnel layer) were investigated. HfO2/Al2O3 stacks exhibit a positive initial oxide charge, and adding of the 3 nm Al2O3 tunnel layer to the capacitor doubles the amount of the positive charge and the density. Using SiO2 as a tunnel layer resulted in a negative initial oxide charge which is interpreted by the effect of dipole formation at the Al2O3/SiO2 interface. Tunnel SiO2 provides lowest density of the interface states at silicon and leakage currents. The insertion of blocking and tunnel oxide layers to the capacitors significantly widens the memory windows; capacitors with a SiO2 tunnel oxide demonstrate largest memory windows.
Influence of ZnO nanoparticles as electron transport material on the performance and stability of organic solar cells with sputtered Ag back electrodes
Authors: Gergova R , Sendova-Vassileva M , Popkirov G , Dikov Hr , Atanasova M – D , Grancharov G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ZnO has been widely used as electron selective material in P3HT:PCBM organic solar cells with either conventional or inverted architecture in order to enhance the extraction of electrons and block the collection of holes at one electrode. In this work we investigate the influence of ZnO nanoparticles electron transport layer (ETL) on the performance and stability of P3HT:PCBM based organic solar cells with conventional architecture and magnetron sputtered back Ag contacts. Their stability in the dark and under real outdoor conditions was monitored by current-voltage measurements and impedance spectroscopy. The impedance spectra were taken as a function of applied bias under illumination in order to reveal more information about the degradation mechanisms taking place in the device.
Development of Cost-efficient Wireless Network for Solar UV Irradiation Monitoring in Bulgaria
Authors: Tyutyundzhiev N , Angelov Ch , Arsov T , Lovchinov K , Nitchev Hr , Alexieva G 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman over-exposure to solar UV radiation has been identified as a serious health problem which needs intensive screening and monitoring. The goal of this study is to present recent success in solar UV irradiation monitoring in Bulgaria in the frame of INTERGA_UV project (No. KΠ 06/24H - 2018 of National Research Fund of Bulgaria). The research efforts has been focused on development of an independent on-ground UV sensors network, which uses MQTT sensor protocol, local databases and remote access to monitoring center. The developed UV monitoring system is intended to withstand severe climatic conditions at a reasonable price of equipment and components. It differs from conventional scientific instruments with an open architecture and smooth upgradability due to implementation of modern digital sensors, Arduino-based controllers and Wi-Fi communication modules. The software bridging modules are based on open-source Python applications, open-source InfluxDB database and Grafana visualization tool.