bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slope stability of streambanks at saturated riparian buffer sites
Authors: Dickey Loulou C. , McEachran Andrea R. , Rutherford Cassandra J. , Rehmann Chris R. , Perez Michael A. , Groh Tyler A. , Isenhart Thomas M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSaturated riparian buffers (SRBs) reduce nitrate export from agricultural tile drainage by infusing drainage water into carbon‐rich riparian soils where denitrification and plant uptake occur. The water quality benefits from SRBs are well documented, but uncertainties about their effect on streambank stability have led to design standards that limit the maximum bank height and minimum buffer width, thus reducing the number of suitable candidate sites. In this study, the relationship between SRB design and streambank stability was examined through numerical slope stability modeling and validated using field sites. At the study sites, the addition of SRB flow increased the probability of failure by less than 3% for both simulated dry and rainfall scenarios. Furthermore, the simulations provide no evidence to support excluding potential sites based on bank height alone. Multivariate analysis of dimensionless parameters developed for SRB flow conditions was used to predict the factor of safety as a function of the SRB site and design conditions. The equation presented allows designers to assess the stability of a potential site where bank failure poses a heightened risk. The results of this study alleviate the need for extensive geotechnical evaluations at future SRB sites and could increase SRB implementation by expanding the range of eligible sites.
Split‐nitrogen application with cover cropping reduces subsurface nitrate losses while maintaining corn yields
Authors: Preza‐Fontes Giovani , Pittelkow Cameron M. , Greer Kristin D. , Bhattarai Rabin , Christianson Laura E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial subsurface drainage is essential to sustain crop production in many areas but may also impair water quality by exacerbating nitrate (NO3)–nitrogen (N) delivery downstream. Cover crops and split‐N application have been promoted as key conservation practices for reducing NO3–N losses, but few studies have simultaneously assessed their effect on water quality and crop productivity. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of N application timing and cover crops on subsurface drainage NO3–N losses and grain yield in continuous corn (Zea mays L.). Treatments were preplant‐N: 224 kg N ha–1 split‐applied with 60% fall + 40% preplant in 2018, or as single preplant applications in 2019 and 2020; split‐N: 40% preplant + 60% side‐dress (V6–V7); split‐N + cover crop (CC): Split‐N + cereal rye (Secale cereale L.); and a zero N plot as the control. Across the 3‐yr study period, split‐N + CC significantly reduced flow‐weighted NO3–N concentration and NO3–N loss by 35 and 37%, respectively, compared with preplant‐N. However, flow‐weighted NO3–N concentration (4.3 mg L–1) and NO3–N loss (22.4 kg ha–1) with split‐N were not significantly different from either preplant‐N (4.8 mg L–1 and 26.4 kg ha–1, respectively) or split‐N + CC (3.1 mg L–1 and 16.7 kg ha–1, respectively). Corn yield was significantly lower in the control treatment but did not differ among N fertilized treatments in any year. These results indicate that combining split‐N application with cover crops holds promise for meeting the statewide interim milestone NO3–N reduction target of 15% by 2025 without negatively impacting crop productivity.
Robust sequential biophysical fractionation of blood plasma to study variations in the biomolecular landscape of systemically circulating extracellular vesicles across clinical conditions
Authors: Vergauwen Glenn , Tulkens Joeri , Pinheiro Cláudio , Avila Cobos Francisco , Dedeyne Sándor , De Scheerder Marie‐Angélique , Vandekerckhove Linos , Impens Francis , Miinalainen Ilkka , Braems Geert , Gevaert Kris , Mestdagh Pieter , Vandesompele Jo , Denys Hannelore , De Wever Olivier , Hendrix An 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeparating extracellular vesicles (EV) from blood plasma is challenging and complicates their biological understanding and biomarker development. In this study, we fractionate blood plasma by combining size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation to study clinical context‐dependent and time‐dependent variations in the biomolecular landscape of systemically circulating EV. Using pooled blood plasma samples from breast cancer patients, we first demonstrate the technical repeatability of blood plasma fractionation. Using serial blood plasma samples from HIV and ovarian cancer patients (n = 10) we next show that EV carry a clinical context‐dependent and/or time‐dependent protein and small RNA composition, including miRNA and tRNA. In addition, differential analysis of blood plasma fractions provides a catalogue of putative proteins not associated with systemically circulating EV. In conclusion, the implementation of blood plasma fractionation allows to advance the biological understanding and biomarker development of systemically circulating EV.
Itraconazole inhibits nuclear delivery of extracellular vesicle cargo by disrupting the entry of late endosomes into the nucleoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Santos Mark F. , Rappa Germana , Karbanová Jana , Fontana Simona , Bella Maria Antonietta Di , Pope Marshall R. , Parrino Barbara , Cascioferro Stella Maria , Vistoli Giulio , Diana Patrizia , Cirrincione Girolamo , Arena Goffredo O. , Woo Gyunghwi , Huang Kevin , Huynh Tony , Moschetti Marta , Alessandro Riccardo , Corbeil Denis , Lorico Aurelio 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication under both healthy and pathological conditions, including the induction of pro‐metastatic traits, but it is not yet known how and where functional cargoes of EVs are delivered to their targets in host cell compartments. We have described that after endocytosis, EVs reach Rab7+ late endosomes and a fraction of these enter the nucleoplasmic reticulum and transport EV biomaterials to the host cell nucleoplasm. Their entry therein and docking to outer nuclear membrane occur through a tripartite complex formed by the proteins VAP‐A, ORP3 and Rab7 (VOR complex). Here, we report that the antifungal compound itraconazole (ICZ), but not its main metabolite hydroxy‐ICZ or ketoconazole, disrupts the binding of Rab7 to ORP3–VAP‐A complexes, leading to inhibition of EV‐mediated pro‐metastatic morphological changes including cell migration behaviour of colon cancer cells. With novel, smaller chemical drugs, inhibition of the VOR complex was maintained, although the ICZ moieties responsible for antifungal activity and interference with intracellular cholesterol distribution were removed. Knowing that cancer cells hijack their microenvironment and that EVs derived from them determine the pre‐metastatic niche, small‐sized inhibitors of nuclear transfer of EV cargo into host cells could find cancer therapeutic applications, particularly in combination with direct targeting of cancer cells.
Preclinical efficacy and clinical safety of clinical‐grade nebulized allogenic adipose mesenchymal stromal cells‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Shi Meng‐meng , Yang Qing‐yuan , Monsel Antoine , Yan Jia‐yang , Dai Cheng‐xiang , Zhao Jing‐ya , Shi Guo‐chao , Zhou Min , Zhu Xue‐mei , Li Su‐ke , Li Ping , Wang Jing , Li Meng , Lei Ji‐gang , Xu Dong , Zhu Ying‐gang , Qu Jie‐ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs) turn out to be a promising source of cell‐free therapy. Here, we investigated the biodistribution and effect of nebulized human adipose‐derived MSC‐EVs (haMSC‐EVs) in the preclinical lung injury model and explored the safety of nebulized haMSC‐EVs in healthy volunteers. DiR‐labelled haMSC‐EVs were used to explore the distribution of nebulized haMSC‐EVs in the murine model. Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐induced murine lung injury model was established, and survival rate, as well as WBC counts, histology, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured to explore the optimal therapeutic dose of haMSC‐EVs through the nebulized route. Twenty‐four healthy volunteers were involved and received the haMSC‐EVs once, ranging from 2 × 108 particles to 16 × 108 particles (MEXVT study, NCT04313647). Nebulizing haMSC‐EVs improved survival rate to 80% at 96 h in P. aeruginosa‐induced murine lung injury model by decreasing lung inflammation and histological severity. All volunteers tolerated the haMSC‐EVs nebulization well, and no serious adverse events were observed from starting nebulization to the 7th day after nebulization. These findings suggest that nebulized haMSC‐EVs could be a promising therapeutic strategy, offering preliminary evidence to promote the future clinical applications of nebulized haMSC‐EVs in lung injury diseases.
A new micro‐forceps for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided through‐the‐needle biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions: Single center experience
Authors: Stigliano Serena , Covotta Francesco , Di Matteo Francesco M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided through‐the‐needle biopsy (TTNB) has improved the diagnostic algorithm of pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs). Recently, a new through‐the‐needle micro‐forceps device (Micro Bite, MTW Endoskopie Manufakture) has been introduced. The primary aim was to assess the safety and technical success of this new type of micro‐forceps. The secondary aim was to evaluate the diagnostic role of EUS‐TTNB.MethodsRetrospective study of consecutive patients receiving EUS‐TTNB for the diagnosis of PCNs. Two micro‐forceps were used: Moray Micro‐forceps and Micro‐Bite. Cystic fluid was collected for cytological analysis. Categorical variables were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables were analyzed by Student's t‐test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsForty‐nine patients enrolled in the study (24% male; mean age 63 ± 14 years). TTNB was successfully performed in all patients. A diagnostic sample was obtained in 67.3% PCNs with TTNB compared with 36.7% with cyst fluid cytology (P 0.01). Adverse events rate was 10.2% and occurred in older patients (76.6 ± 5.4 vs 61.3 ± 13.7 P = 0.02). The 51% underwent EUS‐TTNB with Micro Bite. A diagnostic sample was obtained in 52% PCNs with Micro Bite compared with 24% obtained with cyst fluid cytology (P = 0.07). Comparing the two devices, the rate of diagnostic sample obtained with the micro‐forceps Moray was higher than that obtained with the Micro Bite (20/24 [83.3%] vs 13/25 [52%] P 0.03).ConclusionsEUS‐TTNB increases the diagnostic yield of PCNs. The new Micro‐Bite could represent a valid alternative to the currently used Moray Micro‐forceps, but its diagnostic rate is still suboptimal and further studies are needed.
Can the laser‐cut covered self‐expandable metallic stent be the first choice for patients with unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction? (with video)
Authors: Tanisaka Yuki , Mizuide Masafumi , Fujita Akashi , Ogawa Tomoya , Katsuda Hiromune , Saito Youichi , Miyaguchi Kazuya , Araki Ryuichiro , Ryozawa Shomei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether laser‐cut covered self‐expandable metallic stents (LC‐CSEMSs) can be the first choice for patients with unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO).MethodsPatients with unresectable DMBO who received LC‐CSEMS (September 2014‐December 2020) or braided CSEMS (B‐CSEMS) (July 2013‐December 2020) placement for biliary drainage were enrolled. Outcomes, including endoscopic CSEMS removal, of LC‐CSEMSs and B‐CSEMSs were compared.ResultsOverall, 124 patients received LC‐CSEMSs placement, and 121 B‐CSEMSs. Technical success, clinical success, and procedure‐related adverse event rates with LC‐CSEMSs were 100%, 96.8%, and 6.5%, respectively, and 100%, 95.9%, and 5.8%, respectively, for B‐CSEMSs, with no significant difference (P > .99, .75, and >.99, respectively). The recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) rates with LC‐CSEMSs and B‐CSEMSs were 9.7% (12/124) and 13.2% (16/121), respectively (P = .43). The median time to RBO with LC‐CSEMSs and B‐CSEMSs was 198 (interquartile range [IQR], 124‐244) days and 191 (IQR, 106‐271) days (P = .41). The endoscopic removal success rates of LC‐CSEMSs and B‐CSEMSs were 88.9% (8/9) and 90% (9/10) (P > .99), although there were a small number of cases.ConclusionsThe non‐inferiority of LC‐CSEMSs was proven. LC‐CSEMSs can be considered as the first choice for patients with unresectable DMBO.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Skeletal Muscle: Review and Future Directions
Authors: Englund Erin K. , Reiter David A. , Shahidi Bahar , Sigmund Eric E. 
Published: August 2021

Throughout the body, muscle structure and function can be interrogated using a variety of noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Recently, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has gained momentum as a method to evaluate components of blood flow and tissue diffusion simultaneously. Much of the prior research has focused on highly vascularized organs, including the brain, kidney, and liver. Unique aspects of skeletal muscle, including the relatively low perfusion at rest and large dynamic range of perfusion between resting and maximal hyperemic states, may influence the acquisition, postprocessing, and interpretation of IVIM data. Here, we introduce several of those unique features of skeletal muscle; review existing studies of IVIM in skeletal muscle at rest, in response to exercise, and in disease states; and consider possible confounds that should be addressed for muscle‐specific evaluations. Most studies used segmented nonlinear least squares fitting with a b‐value threshold of 200 sec/mm2 to obtain IVIM parameters of perfusion fraction (f), pseudo‐diffusion coefficient (D*), and diffusion coefficient (D). In healthy individuals, across all muscles, the average ± standard deviation of D was 1.46 ± 0.30 × 10−3 mm2/sec, D* was 29.7 ± 38.1 × 10−3 mm2/sec, and f was 11.1 ± 6.7%. Comparisons of reported IVIM parameters in muscles of the back, thigh, and leg of healthy individuals showed no significant difference between anatomic locations. Throughout the body, exercise elicited a positive change of all IVIM parameters. Future directions including advanced postprocessing models and potential sequence modifications are discussed.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Targeted fatty acid metabolomics to discover Parkinson's disease associated metabolic alteration
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Liu Lulu , Zhang Lijiang , Chen Simei , Chen Yusen , Cai Chun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains to be elucidated, and the metabolomics analysis has the potential to identify metabolic profiles that are involved in PD pathogenesis. Here we applied a target metabolomics approach to measure the plasma levels of 158 fatty acid metabolites in a discovery cohort including 42 PD patients and 54 health volunteers, and found two upregulated (arachidonic acid and 13‐hydroxy‐octadecatrienoic acid) and eleven down‐regulated (docosahexaenoic acid, lyso‐platelet‐activating factor, 12‐hydroxy‐eicosatetraenoic acid, dihydroxy‐eicosatrienoic acids, dihidroxy‐octadecenoic acids, 17,18‐dihydroxy‐eicosatetraenoic acid, and hydroperoxy‐octadecadienoic acids) metabolites as primary candidate marker of PD. A support vector machine algorithm with primary candidate marker was used in an independent validation cohort to identify PD. Arachidonic acid and 13‐hydroxy‐octadecatrienoic acid were evaluated as an effective tool in that area under the receiver operating characteristic curve reached 0.995 and 0.912 in the validation set for diagnosing PD from healthy volunteers. Besides, the sensitivity and specificity of arachidonic acid as diagnostic factor of PD in validation set were 100% and 94.10%. Similarly, the sensitivity and specificity of 13‐hydroxy‐octadecatrienoic acid were 100% and 82.40% for identifying PD. This target fatty acid metabolomics demonstrated a series of plasma fatty acid metabolite as PD candidate marker with high efficiency and provided insights into the understanding of PD metabolic regulation.
Projected changes in air temperature, precipitation and aridity in Serbia in the 21st century
Authors: Milovanović Boško , Schubert Sebastian , Radovanović Milan , Vakanjac Vesna Ristić , Schneider Christoph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, the projected changes of the average monthly and annual air temperatures, precipitation amounts and De Martonne aridity index in Serbia in the 21st century are examined. For that purpose, the spatial distribution of air temperature and precipitation amount is statistically modelled using data of 64 climatologic stations and 421 precipitation stations for the period 1976–2005 using multiple linear regression. The De Martonne aridity index is calculated from the spatially distributed data. In order to obtain regional averages and variability, we divide Serbia into three subdomains: the western zone (the Dinarides), eastern mountainous (Carpathian‐Balkan) zone and the terrains with altitudes lower than 500 m a.s.l. (Lowland). As a second step, the members of the COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) for Europe (EURO‐CORDEX) are evaluated in terms of near‐surface air temperature and precipitation for Serbia. By comparing respective values for the period 1976–2005 with future periods 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, we derive the climate change signal for near‐surface air temperature, precipitation and the De Martonne index for both scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Hereby, the ensemble averages are calculated as weighted averages using the inverse standardized Euclidean distance by comparing observation and model results for near‐surface air temperature and precipitation as a weight. We find for the period 2071–2050 that most ensemble members predict a statistically significant increase in monthly and annual near‐surface air temperature in both scenarios in all three subdomains, and a statistically significant decrease in the yearly De Martonne index in the RCP8.5 scenario in the Carpathian‐Balkan and Dinarides. For the last decades of the 21st century, our findings indicate much higher temperatures and increased risks of drought for the RCP 8.5 scenario compared to both the observations from 1976 to 2005 and the RCP 4.5 scenario.
Bandits, Brigands and Militants: The Historical Sociology of Outlaws
Authors: Cayli Messina Baris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOutlaws have been prominent actors in a social context which is characterized by collective dissent, conflict, and violence. Bandits, brigands, and militants emerged in societies with the decline of social justice, political stability, and economic prosperity. Their emergence and social networks with different actors and agencies provide us principal motives to deconstruct the social identity of outlaws and determine the factors that fostered collective dissent, conflict, and violence in different societies. This special issue covers a vast geography and different time periods to theoretically and methodologically advance our knowledge in the historical sociology of outlaws. In doing so, we address complex social, political, and cultural issues that rendered outlaws inextricable part of social problems. Exploring the power and activities of outlaws in different social geographies offers us new perspectives to tackle the origins and outcomes of social, political, and cultural dissent across the world.
The Global History of Social Dissent: Deconstructing Outlaws within the Conundrum of Crime, Conflict, and Violence
Authors: Messina Baris Cayli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOutlaws have been formidable local authorities throughout history and some of their stories survived thanks to poems, ballads, and plays within a culture deeply colored by violence, avenge, injustice, punishment, and state response against them. I underscore the role of power relationship in society to examine the emergence of outlaws and utilize it to deconstruct the social, political, and cultural conundrum. Consulting the British, Mexican, Bulgarian, U.S., Ottoman, and Brazilian archives, I attempt to theorize the activities of bandits, brigands, and militants within the global history of social dissent. I argue that if we employ social dissent as an instrumental concept, we can effectively determine both local factors and uncover global connections that explicate why various outlaws and societal reactions against them demonstrate astonishing similarities in distant geographies and different time periods. This study contributes to our knowledge in the historical sociology of outlaws by offering new theoretical ventures and highlighting methodological challenges in studying outlaws within the conundrum of crime, conflict, and violence.
Forging the Nation‐centric World: Imperial Rule and the Homogenisation of Discontent in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918)
Authors: Malešević Siniša 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHistorical sociologists have questioned the idea that nationalism and imperialism are mutually exclusive phenomena. In contrast to traditional historiography that depicted empires as ‘the prison houses of nations’ contemporary scholarship emphasises the structural and ideological ambiguities that characterised the 19th century European imperial projects. Hence instead of ‘popular longings’ for national independence the focus has shifted to the experiences of ‘national indifference’. In this paper I aim to go beyond this dichotomy by questioning the role of (nationalist) agency in the collapse of imperial order. Drawing on the primary archival research I zoom in on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Austro‐Hungarian rule (1878–1918). The paper contests the view that the imperial state was severely undermined by the presence of strong nationalisms. I also challenge the notion that the majority of Bosnian population remained ‘nationally indifferent’ during this period. Instead, I argue that understanding the character of the Austro‐Hungarian rule is a much better predictor of social change that took place in this period. Rather than stifling supposedly vibrant nationalisms or operating amidst widespread national indifference the imperial state played a decisive role in forging the nation‐centric world through its inadvertent homogenisation of discontent.