bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p‐Type Plastic Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Gao Zhiqiang , Yang Qingyu , Qiu Pengfei , Wei Tian‐Ran , Yang Shiqi , Xiao Jie , Chen Lidong , Shi Xun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeformable thermoelectrics have great potential in self‐powered flexible or hetero‐shaped electronics. The exceptional room‐temperature plasticity recently discovered in several inorganic semiconductors makes it possible to develop new thermoelectric (TE) materials with both high performance and intrinsic deformability. Nonetheless, all the known plastic or ductile TE materials are n‐type semiconductors. It is urgent to explore p‐type counterparts for device design and fabrication. In this study, the first p‐type plastic inorganic TE material is reported. Via alloying Cu in n‐type plastic Ag2S0.7Se0.3 to modulate the charged crystal defects, (Ag1−xCux)2S0.7Se0.3 (x = 0.7–0.8) can simultaneously realize good plasticity and p‐type conduction. Particularly, (Ag0.2Cu0.8)2S0.7Se0.3 with a hexagonal structure shows a maximum zT of 0.42 at 800 K. Via the introduction of Cu deficiencies, the good plasticity is well maintained while the maximum zT is greatly enhanced to 0.95 at 800 K, a record‐high value for plastic TE materials. This study is expected to accelerate the development of plastic TE semiconductors and full‐inorganic deformable TE devices for the application in hetero‐shaped power generators.
Machine learning specific heat capacities of nanofluids containing CuO and Al2O3
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmpirical work and modeling approaches have shown that fundamental thermophysical parameters of constituents, nanoparticles, and base liquids have complex but synergistic effects on the specific heat capacity of nanofluids. In this work, we develop the Gaussian process regression model to investigate the statistical relationship among temperature, specific heat capacities of nanoparticles and base liquids, nanoparticle volume concentrations, and specific heat capacities of nanofluids. The model is developed with a dataset containing nanofluids with CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles, and water and ethylene glycol (EG) as base liquids. The model also applies well to nanofluids containing mixtures of water and EG, and Al2O3 nanoparticles with different particle size distributions. The model is highly accurate and stable that contributes to fast and low‐cost estimations of specific heat capacities of nanofluids over a wide range of compositions and temperature.
Real‐time model‐free resilient control for discrete nonlinear systems
Authors: Alanis Alma Y. , Alvarez Jesus G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMotivated by the increasing complexity of systems to be controlled and different system components that cause uncertainties, threats, and disturbances, among other system stressing phenomena. Resilient control is an important design paradigm that has attracted attention from academics, practitioners, and the industrial sector. Therefore, this paper proposes the design of a model‐free resilient control for unknown discrete‐time nonlinear systems based on a recurrent high order neural network trained with an on‐line extended Kalman filter‐based algorithm for output trajectory tracking in the presence of uncertainties, disturbances, and unmodeled dynamics. This paper also includes the stability proof of the entire proposed scheme; its applicability is shown via simulation and experimental results including a comparative analysis of the proposed controller against well‐known controllers for a three‐phase induction motor.
Decreasing motor stereotypy with competing stimuli and tasks: Analysis of prompted engagement and response blocking
Authors: Schmidt Jonathan D. , Falligant John M. , Goetzel Amanda , Hardisty Shelby , Hagopian Louis P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompeting stimulus assessments (CSAs) are used to empirically identify stimuli associated with low levels of problem behavior. For some individuals with automatically maintained behavior, it can be difficult to identify effective competing stimuli. Recent research shows that prompting engagement and response blocking can be employed during the CSA to obtain significant reductions in problem behavior. The purpose of the present study was to replicate and extend prior research on the use of these tactics not only with competing stimuli, but also competing tasks, which require the active completion of a discrete response or response sequence. In addition, the current study validated the results of these pretreatment assessments in an extended treatment analysis, and examined the isolated and combined effects of prompting and response blocking within a component analysis. Future research directions and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Introducing SELEX via a semester‐long course‐based undergraduate research experience (CURE)
Authors: Kushner David B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the growing importance of the field of RNA biology, undergraduates need to perform RNA‐related research. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) has become an important method in RNA biology. The principles of SELEX were applied to a semester‐long course‐based undergraduate research experience (CURE) in which two rounds of in vivo functional selection of regions of a viral RNA were performed. As the labwork had an unknown outcome, students indicated that they were excited by the work and became invested in the experience. By completing two rounds of SELEX, the students repeated molecular methods (e.g., RNA extraction, RT‐PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA purification, cloning, and sequence analysis) and reported that repetition reinforced their learning and helped them build confidence in their lab abilities. Students also appreciated that they did not learn a “technique‐per‐week” without context, but rather they understood why certain methods were used for certain molecular tasks. Results from a 19‐question multiple‐choice assessment indicated increased comprehension of theory underlying methods performed. Details regarding experimental methods and timeline, and assessment and attitudinal results from three student cohorts, are described herein.
Improved Stability of Octahedral PtCu by Rh Doping for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Chang‐Yi , Chen Li‐Fang , Li Gen , Lu Bang‐An , Zhou Zhi‐You , Tian Na , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOctahedral Pt−M nanocrystals are recognized to be ideal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) because of their outstanding electrocatalytic activity. However, these high‐activity catalysts usually show shortage in the long‐term stability since the octahedral morphology is severely destroyed and transition metals are easily leached out during the electrochemical test. Herein, we prepared octahedral PtCu and PtCuRh0.05 nanocrystals with an edge length of about 15 nm. After being dispersed on carbon black, the octahedral PtCu/C catalyst exhibits a very high ORR activity with a specific activity and mass activity of 3.29 mA cm−2 and 1.12 A mgPt−1 at 0.90 V, making it among one of the most active PtCu catalyst for ORR ever reported. Although the incorporation of Rh slightly decreases the ORR activity, it can improve the stability, and the half‐wave potential is only shifted negatively by 1 mV after an accelerated durability test of 10,000 potential cycles for the PtCuRh0.05/C catalyst. The improved stability is attributed to the anchoring effect of the Rh atoms, which inhibits the leaching of Cu and helps to maintain the octahedral morphology during the ORR.
Macroeconomic risks and capital structure adjustment speed: The Chinese evidence
Authors: He Wei , Kyaw NyoNyo A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing both integrated and two‐stage dynamic partial adjustment capital structure models, we find evidence that macroeconomic conditions affect Chinese firms' capital structure adjustment speeds towards target leverage. Chinese firms revert towards target leverages faster in high economic growth states than in low economic growth states as measured by bond and stock market capitalization relative to GDP, banking sector development, real interest rate and risk premiums. Overall, firms that are financially unconstrained, of large size, and those with small deviation of actual leverage from target leverage rebalance faster towards the target leverage than the counterparts. The same findings occur during high economic growth states, while variations in adjustment speeds exist among firms with different financial constraints and distance to target leverage during low economic growth states. The firms' leverage adjustment speed depends on the adjustment cost associated with added debt or debt replaced with internal funds or equity.
Molecular mechanism of mitoquinol mesylate in mitigating the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma—in silico and in vivo studies
Authors: Sulaimon Lateef Adegboyega , Adisa Rahmat Adetutu , Samuel Titilola Aderonke , Joel Ireoluwa Yinka , Ayankojo Akinrinade George , Abdulkareem Fatimah Biade , Olaniyi Timothy Olajire 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ) in attenuating the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Wistar rats has been reported. However, the binding modes for MitoQ as well as its molecular mechanisms in cirrhosis and liver cancer have not been fully investigated. This study sought to understand the structural and molecular mechanisms of MitoQ in modulating the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in cirrhotic‐HCC rats. The research indicates that the upregulated Nrf2 expression in cirrhotic‐HCC rats was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by MitoQ while the activity of SDH was significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Analysis of binding modes revealed MitoQ interacts with amino acid residues in the active pocket of tramtrack and bric‐a‐brac (BTB) and KELCH domains of KEAP1 with average binding affinities of −66.46 and −74.74 kcal/mol, respectively. Also, MitoQ interacted with the key amino acid residues at the active site of mitochondrial complex II with a higher average binding affinity of −75.76 kcal/mol compared to co‐crystallized ligand of complex II (−62.31 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations data showed the binding of MitoQ to be stable with low eigenvalues while the quantum mechanics calculations suggest MitoQ to be very reactive with its mechanism of chemical reactivity to be via electrophilic reactions. Thus, MitoQ modulates expression of Nrf2 and enhances activity of mitochondrial SDH in cirrhotic‐HCC rats via its interaction with key amino acid residues in the active pocket of BTB and KELCH domains of KEAP1 as well as amino residues at the active site of SDH. These findings are significant in demonstrating the potential of Nrf2 and SDH as possible biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients. This study also supports repurposing of mitoQ for the treatment/management of liver cirrhosis and HCC.
Salinity differently affects antioxidant content and amino acid profile in two cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus differing in salinity tolerance
Authors: Luyckx Adrien , Beghin Camille , Quinet Muriel , Achadé Brice , Prodjinoto Hermann , Gandonou Christophe Bernard , Lutts Stanley 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmaranthus cruentus is a promising leafy vegetable with high nutritional value and is able to cope with salt stress but the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) on its main properties have not been studied in detail. Plants from two contrasting cultivars (Rouge: salt‐tolerant and Locale: salt‐sensitive) were exposed to NaCl (0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol L–1) in nutrient solution for 2 weeks. Plant growth, mineral content, oxidative status and antioxidant concentration, salicylic acid concentration, protein content and amino acid profile were analyzed in the harvested leaves.RESULTSLow dose (30 mmol L–1 NaCl) increased plant growth while Na+ accumulated to higher extent in salt‐sensitive Locale than in salt‐tolerant Rouge. A total of 30 mmol L–1 NaCl increased magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) content, as well as total antioxidant activity, ascorbate, phenolics, α‐tocopherol and carotenoids content to higher extent in cultivar (cv.) Rouge than in cv. Locale. Low (30 mmol L–1) and moderate salinities (60 mmol L–1) increased γ‐tocopherol and total protein in cv. Locale. They also increased lysine, valine, methionine and proline concentration as well as chemical score of protein in this cultivar. The highest NaCl (90 mmol L–1) dose had a detrimental impact on both cultivars.CONCLUSIONSIt is concluded that A. cruentus is a promising plant species for saline agriculture since moderate doses of salt improve both quantitative and qualitative parameters in cultivar dependent manner. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of feeding a live yeast on rumen fermentation and fiber degradability of tropical and subtropical forages
Authors: de Poppi Amanda Camila , Lazzari Gustavo , Gomes Ana Luiza Mendonça , do Prado Rodolpho Martin , de Almeida Rafaela Takako Ribeiro , Zanzarin Daniele Maria , Pilau Eduardo Jorge , Jobim Clóves Cabreira , Mari Lucas José , Chevaux Eric , Chaucheyras‐Durand Frédérique , Adesogan Adegbola Tolulope , Daniel João Luiz Pratti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CNCM I‐1077 (SC) on the ruminal degradability of different forages commonly found in dairy diets in South America was evaluated. We also assessed if SC supplementation interacts with forage group to affect ruminal fiber degradability. Four non‐lactating rumen‐cannulated Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two treatment sequences: Control‐SC‐Control or SC‐Control‐SC, in a switchback design, with three 30‐day periods. Cows in the SC treatment were supplied with 1 × 1010 colony‐forming units of yeast daily via rumen cannula. In situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) was measured in 15 forages collected in South America. Forages were assigned to one of three groups: corn silages; tropical grasses (sugarcane silages and tropical grass silages); and temperate grasses and alfalfa (oat silages, ryegrass silages, alfalfa silage, and alfalfa hay).RESULTSCows supplemented with SC had higher (P = 0.05) counts of yeasts and lower (P = 0.03) concentration of lactate in rumen fluid. There was no interaction between forage group and yeast supplementation (P > 0.10) on in situ degradability. The SC increased DM (by 4.6%) and aNDF degradation (by 10.3%) at 24 h of incubation (P < 0.05). Metabolomics revealed that a chemical entity (C17H29N6O3, m/z 365.2284 [M + H]+) from the family of lipids and related molecules was suppressed in the rumen fluid of cows supplemented with SC.CONCLUSIONThe SC supplementation improved DM and aNDF degradability regardless of the forage group. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Upscaling critical state considering the distribution of meso‐structures in granular materials
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Liu Yang , Yu Pengqiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe evolutions of meso structures of granular materials play important roles during shearing toward the critical state. This study aims to establish an extended analytical model based on a specific upscaling procedure considering the distributions of meso structures in granular materials. A general Gaussian distribution is applied when determining the relationship between meso critical state parameters and order n, and then a quantitative model of macro CSL is developed by taking the discrete case into a continuous function. The quantitative model is then related to interparticle friction μ and contact stiffness k for predicting the macro CSLs for ideal granular assemblies, and the analytical results have good agreement with DEM results. Furthermore, the influence patterns of contact properties on both meso and macro critical states are discussed in detail, which provides a roughly explanation on the variations of critical friction angle with μ.
Bayesian inference of spatially varying parameters in soil constitutive models by using deformation observation data
Authors: Tao Yuan‐qin , Sun Hong‐lei , Cai Yuan‐qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractParameters of soil constitutive models are usually identified through laboratory tests. The spatial variability of these parameters is generally not considered due to the limitation of the test scale. This study proposes a data‐driven approach to infer the spatially varying parameter of the modified Cam‐clay model from limited field observations and subsequently improves soil settlement predictions. The observation data and numerical results of random finite element method are assimilated in an inverse modeling process based on the iterative Ensemble Kalman filtering (iEnKF). Different unknown variables and number of observations are used to study their effects on parameter estimations and settlement predictions. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated through a synthetic partial‐loading test. The results show that the site‐specific spatial variability can be estimated reasonably, and predictions of settlement can be improved by using the inferred parameter field. When the variables to be inferred change from all 60 variables to the selected 17 important variables, the average error of the estimated fields increases, but the variance decreases. A reduction in the observation spacing and an increase in the number of observations lead to a slightly smaller error of the mean and considerably reduced uncertainties of soil parameters. Although the inferred results of parameter field show different accuracies, the corresponding calculated settlements are generally similar and satisfactory.
A new soft red winter wheat cultivar, ‘GA 07353‐14E19’, adapted to Georgia and the U.S. Southeast environments
Authors: Mergoum Mohamed , Johnson Jerry W. , Buck James W. , Sutton Steve , Lopez Benjamin , Bland Daniel , Chen Z. , Buntin G. D. , Mailhot Daniel J. , Babar Md A. , Mason Richard E. , Harrison Stephen A. , Murphy J. Paul , Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Sutton Russell L. , Simoneaux Bryan E. , Griffey Carl A. , Bockelman Harold E. , Baik Byung‐Kee , Marshall David , Cowger Christina , Brown‐Guedira Gina L. , Kolmer James A. , Jin Yue , Chen X. , Boyles Richard , Cambron Sue E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.), historically a major crop in Georgia and the U.S. Southeast (SE) region, has been challenged by numerous biotic and abiotic constraints resulting in decreased hectarage in recent years. Hence, an urgent need exists to release new cultivars with high yield potential, good resistance to predominant diseases and insects, and acceptable quality attributes to capture and maximize value in regional markets. The SRWW breeding program at the University of Georgia (UGA), in collaboration with the Southeastern University GRAINS (SUNGRAINS) breeding programs, is responding to these challenges by developing and releasing superior SRWW cultivars adapted to Georgia and the SE wheat region. ‘GA 07353‐14E19’ (Reg. no. CV‐1179, PI 689520), a SRWW cultivar developed by the UGA small grains breeding program, was released by the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and licensed to Stratton Seed Company in 2017 as GO WHEAT 2032. GA 07353‐14E19 is adapted to the SE region with high yield, good resistance to prevalent diseases, including leaf and stripe rusts, Fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, and Soil‐borne wheat mosaic virus. GA 07353‐14E19 also showed good resistance to current biotypes of Hessian fly. GA 07353‐14E19 possesses the H13, Sbm1, and Yr17–Lr37–Sr38 genes that protect it against the above pests. It has very good grain volume weight and good milling and baking quality as a SRWW.
Tannic acid based super‐intumescent coatings for prolonged fire protection of cardboard and wood
Authors: Price Erik J. , Covello James , Paul Rajib , Wnek Gary E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTannic acid (TA) has gained increased attention in recent years for its application in fire safety due to its natural abundance and char‐forming ability. In this paper, TA‐based composites were developed and evaluated against control composites containing pentaerythritol (PER), a common intumescent char‐forming agent. Individual component analysis was performed to provide a fundamental material understanding, followed by compounding in epoxy resin with other intumescent ingredients for intumescent testing (especially compared against PER control). In all TA systems, time to failure was elongated from seconds or minutes to over 15 min (up to 27 min). Quantitative analysis followed using cone calorimetry. TA composites displayed lower peak heat release values (211 vs. 108 kW/m2), lower total heat release values (37.2 vs. 24.4 MJ/m2), and lower fire growth rates (2.43 vs. 1.27 kW/m2s−1) relative to PER composites. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that TA char is more carbonaceous, containing 54.71 at% C (relative to only 39.63 at% C in PER char). This work presents TA‐containing composites that offer superior fire protection as compared to previous reports using TA composites and hence offer significant advancement in fire protection related and packaging industries.
Proteomic discovery in sickle cell disease: Elevated neurogranin levels in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Lance Eboni I. , Faulcon Lisa M. , Fu Zongming , Yang Jun , Whyte‐Stewart Donna , Strouse John J. , Barron‐Casella Emily , Jones Kimberly , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Casella James F. , Everett Allen D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy that causes stroke and silent cerebral infarct (SCI). Our aim was to identify markers of brain injury in SCD.Experimental DesignPlasma proteomes were analyzed using a sequential separation approach of hemoglobin (Hb) and top abundant plasma protein depletion, followed by reverse phase separation of intact proteins, trypsin digestion, and tandem mass spectrometry. We compared plasma proteomes of children with SCD with and without SCI in the Silent Cerebral Infarct Multi‐Center Clinical Trial (SIT Trial) to age‐matched, healthy non‐SCD controls.ResultsFrom the SCD group, 1172 proteins were identified. Twenty‐five percent (289/1172) were solely in the SCI group. Twenty‐five proteins with enriched expression in the human brain were identified in the SCD group. Neurogranin (NRGN) was the most abundant brain‐enriched protein in plasma of children with SCD. Using a NRGN sandwich immunoassay and SIT Trial samples, median NRGN levels were higher at study entry in children with SCD (0.28 ng/mL, N = 100) compared to control participants (0.12 ng/mL, N = 25, p < 0.0004).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceNRGN levels are elevated in children with SCD. NRGN and other brain‐enriched plasma proteins identified in plasma of children with SCD may provide biochemical evidence of neurological injury.