bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted inhibition of YAP/TAZ alters the biological behaviours of keloid fibroblasts
Authors: Gao Na , Lu Lulu , Ma Xiaolei , Liu Zhengyi , Yang Shuxia , Han Gangwen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbnormal activation of fibroblasts plays a crucial role in keloid development. However, the mechanism of fibroblast activation remains to be determined. YAP/TAZ are key molecules in the Hippo signalling pathway that promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. Here, we show that keloid fibroblasts have higher levels of YAP/TAZ mRNA and proteins on primary culture. Targeted knockdown of endogenous YAP or TAZ significantly inhibited cell proliferation, reduced cell migration, induced cell apoptosis and down‐regulated collagen1a1 production by keloid fibroblasts. Moreover, we demonstrate that verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP/TAZ, has similar but stronger inhibitory effects on fibroblasts compared to YAP/TAZ knockdown. Our study provides evidence that YAP/TAZ may be involved in the pathogenesis of keloids. Targeted inhibition of YAP/TAZ could change the biological behaviours of fibroblasts and can potentially be used as therapy for keloids.
Parent immigration stress predicts youth externalizing behavior trajectories among Latino families in an emerging immigrant context
Authors: Cobb Cory L. , Martínez Charles R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to ecodevelopmental and social learning models, Latino immigrant parents experience considerable stress associated with the immigration process, and such immigration‐related stress is theorized to influence behavioral outcomes among their youth. Using a three‐year longitudinal design among 217 Latino immigrant families in western Oregon, we assessed whether parents’ (94% mothers, Mage = 36.2 years) experience of immigration‐related stress influenced the trajectory of their adolescents’ (43% female, Mage= 13.4 years) externalizing behaviors. Controlling for covariates (gender, acculturation, age at migration, and gender), results showed that youth exhibited a normative downward trajectory for externalizing behaviors, and parents’ experience of immigration stress significantly and negatively predicted this trajectory. Findings suggest that parents’ experience of immigration stress may disrupt a normative trajectory of declining externalizing behaviors among Latino immigrant adolescents.
Effects of psyllium and cellulose fibres on thermal, structural, and in vitro digestion behaviour of wheat starch
Authors: Atac Leyla Elif , Sensoy Ilkay 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe study investigated the effects of adding different types of fibre (psyllium and cellulose) on in vitro digestion behaviour of wheat starch with its thermal and structural properties. Psyllium and cellulose fibres interfered with the wheat starch differently. Psyllium fibre hindered starch gelatinisation, restricted the loss of starch crystallinity, and decreased the accessibility of enzymes to starch. In contrast, cellulose fibre had no significant effect on gelatinisation and loss of crystallinity but limited the digestive enzyme mobility. The impact of psyllium was more pronounced than cellulose on reducing starch digestibility. Rapidly digestible starch fractions of the cooked starch reduced from between 57.90 ± 0.60–69.72 ± 0.46 (% in starch) to between 28.06 ± 0.36–46.34 ± 1.10 (% in starch) and 53.23 ± 0.36–66.71 ± 0.24 (% in starch) for psyllium and cellulose fibre, respectively. This information could be helpful to design foods containing starch with reduced digestibility for a healthy diet.
The effect of annealing on resistant starch content of different crop types: a systematic review and meta‐analysis study
Authors: Faridah Didah Nur , Anugerah Maria Putri , Hunaefi Dase , Afandi Frendy Ahmad , Jayanegara Anuraga 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe growing demand for functional foods with a high resistant starch content (per cent RS) could be met by annealing starch modification. Through a meta‐analysis, this study sought to shed light on the effect of annealing on the resistant starch content of various crop types. Twenty‐one studies published between 2000 and 2020 were selected and eighty data points were extracted to be analysed using meta‐essential tools. Hedge’s d Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) was designated for the effect size approach. Resistant starch content was influenced by the botanical origin of the carbohydrate source and the annealing parameters such as moisture content, incubation time and temperature. According to a meta‐analysis of the data collected, the most significant increase in per cent RS is perceived on cereal (SMD: 7.58; 95% CI: 2.88–12.29; P = 0.001). Further analysis revealed that normal wheat had the highest significant per cent RS increase (SMD: 41.56; 95% CI: 19.52–63.61; P = 0.001). Annealing parameters resulted in significant %RS increase were moisture content of 80%, incubation time of 24 h and incubation temperature of 50–54 °C. These results were expected to provide data to optimise per cent RS increase through annealing efficiently.
Comparison in morphology, structure and functionality of curcumin‐loaded starch nanoparticles fabricated from short, medium and long chain‐length debranched cassava starches
Authors: Duyen Trinh Thi My , Phi Nguyen Thi Lan , Hung Pham Van 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to investigate morphology and characteristics of curcumin‐loaded starch nanoparticles (CSNPs) fabricated from short, medium and long chain‐length debranched cassava starch using a nanoprecipitation method. The CSNPs fabricated from the long, medium and short chain‐length debranched starch (L‐CSNP, M‐CSNP and S‐CSNP) had the particle size of 90.7, 104.1 and 153.5 nm, respectively, with the polydispersity index of less than 0.5. After loading, the curcumin was complexed with helices of linear branching molecules of the debranched starch through hydrogen bonding. The M‐CSNP exhibited the highest loading efficiency (66.44%), followed by the L‐CSNP (35.62%) and S‐CSNP (29.74%). The curcumin loaded in the CSNPs had higher solubility and stability under thermal and UV light treatments as compared to pure curcumin. The antioxidant capacity of curcumin in the CSNPs was retained as much as pure one, and the CSNPs showed a control release of curcumin in the gastric buffers.
Soy protein isolate: an overview on foaming properties and air–liquid interface
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Yang Xiaoqing , Swallah Mohammed Sharif , Fu Hongling , Ji Lei , Meng Xiangze , Yu Hansong , Lyu Bo 
Published: October 2021

SummarySoy protein isolate (SPI) is widely used as a foaming agent due to its rich nutritional value and low price. Foaming is one of the key processing characteristics in food processing and is generally used in foam‐type foods. It plays an essential role in the flavour quality and appearance characteristics of food. Generally speaking, the foaming activity and foaming stability of regular SPI are not sufficient enough to meet the needs of practical applications. There is an urgent need to solve this drawback and improve the status quo of the food processing industry. The current research on the foaming properties of SPI across the globe focuses on improving foaming characteristics through optimising influencing factors and the use of different modification methods. Hence, this review aims to sort out the scientific research on the foaming mechanism of SPI and summarises evaluation methods, influencing factors and modification methods to improve the foamability of SPI to explore more applications of SPI. It will provide a theoretical basis for the production of SPI natural green active agents with good performance.
A review on 3D printable food materials: types and development trends
Authors: Li Gaoshang , Hu Lingping , Liu Jialin , Huang Jiayin , Yuan Chunhong , Takaki Koichi , Hu Yaqin 
Published: October 2021

Summary3D printing, as an emerging intelligent additive manufacturing processing technology, has been widely used in materials, aerospace, construction, medicine and other fields. Moreover, 3D printing technology has gradually emerged in field of food processing because of its characteristics of moulding without moulds and saving materials. The materials properties have a great influence on 3D‐printed food, especially mechanical strength and viscosity which affect accuracy and moulding ability of printed food. Moreover, the combination of materials also could change viscosity and rheology of printable materials (protein, starch, fat and hydrogel) and enhance the printing effect of not‐easy‐printable materials (cellulose). Additionally, the mixing of functional compounds and printing materials had great potential which was beneficial to personally customise functional nutritious foods to meet different people. This manuscript lays a foundation for the development and application of 3D printing technology in food processing.
Reflex factor coagulation testing in patients with an unexplained prolonged aPTT: An institutional retrospective review
Authors: Mansory Eman M , Bahodi Fadi , Phua Chai W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to determine the clinical utility of reflex coagulation investigations (RCI) for prolonged lupus insensitive activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) at our institution.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all potential RCI (lupus insensitive aPTT of ≥32s) from April 2014 to June 2019. Our diagnostic algorithm requires completion of RCI only if samples had no interfering medications to explain a prolonged aPTT and were either from a preoperative sample or from a patient presenting with unexplained bleeding. Appropriate RCI samples undergo further investigations with one‐stage factor activity testing for factors 8(FVIII), 9(FIX), and 11(FXI) reflexively. Data were obtained through electronic medical records to capture clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, prophylactic hemostatic replacement, and bleeding outcomes.ResultsThree thousand and three hundreds seventeen samples from 2940 distinct patients were considered as potential RCI during the study period. 263/3317 (8%) samples had RCI completed. Of those, 55/263 (21%) had abnormal factor testing, with the majority from preoperative setting (43/55; 78%). 5/43 (12%) patients were referred to hematology for preoperative evaluation. 5/43 patients received preoperative hemostatic support. A total of 5 patients (5/43) developed postop bleeding. Six patients (6/55) had RCI for unexplained bleeding, and five patients (83%) had a newly identified clinically significant bleeding disorder.ConclusionReflex coagulation investigations benefited patients presenting with unexplained bleeding as this expedited the diagnosis and management of clinically significant bleeding disorders. RCI for preoperative evaluation infrequently led to additional hemostatic support/referral to hematology. The lack of additional workup for an abnormal factor activity level suggests laboratory alert fatigue as a potential contributory factor.
Associations between acoustic features of maternal speech and infants’ emotion regulation following a social stressor
Authors: Kolacz Jacek , daSilva Elizabeth B. , Lewis Gregory F. , Bertenthal Bennett I. , Porges Stephen W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCaregiver voices may provide cues to mobilize or calm infants. This study examined whether maternal prosody predicted changes in infants’ biobehavioral state after the still face, a stressor in which the mother withdraws and reinstates social engagement. Ninety‐four dyads participated in the study (infant age 4–8 months). Infants’ heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (measuring cardiac vagal tone) were derived from an electrocardiogram (ECG). Infants’ behavioral distress was measured by negative vocalizations, facial expressions, and gaze aversion. Mothers’ vocalizations were measured via a composite of spectral analysis and spectro‐temporal modulation using a two‐dimensional fast Fourier transformation of the audio spectrogram. High values on the maternal prosody composite were associated with decreases in infants’ heart rate (β = −.26, 95% CI: [−0.46, −0.05]) and behavioral distress (β = −.23, 95% CI: [−0.42, −0.03]), and increases in cardiac vagal tone in infants whose vagal tone was low during the stressor (1 SD below mean β = .39, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.73]). High infant heart rate predicted increases in the maternal prosody composite (β = .18, 95% CI: [0.03, 0.33]). These results suggest specific vocal acoustic features of speech that are relevant for regulating infants’ biobehavioral state and demonstrate mother–infant bi‐directional dynamics.
Fractal analysis of rat dermal tissue in the different injury states
Authors: Xu Haisong , Zhang Jingde , Jiang Yuzhi , Lu Shuliang , Niu Yiwen , Dong Jiaoyun , Jin Shuwen , Song Fei , Cao Xiaozan , Qing Chun , Tian Ming , Liu Yingkai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScar formation and chronic ulcers can develop following a skin injury. They are the result of the over‐ or underproduction of collagen. It is very important to evaluate the quality and quantity of the collagen that is produced during wound healing, especially with respect to its structure, as these factors are very important to a complicated outcome. However, there is no standard way to quantitatively analyse dermal collagen. As prior work characterised some potentially fractal properties of collagen, it was hypothesised that collagen structure could be evaluated with fractal dimension analysis. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering technology (SAXS) was used to evaluate the dermis of rats exposed to graft harvest, burn, and diabetic pathologic states. It was found that almost all collagen structures could be quantitatively measured with fractal dimension analysis. Further, there were significant differences in the three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure of normal collagen versus that measured in pathologic tissues. There was a significant difference in the 3‐D structure of collagen at different stages of healing. The findings of this work suggest that fractal analysis is a good tool for wound healing analysis, and that quantitative collagen analysis is very useful for assessing the structure of dermal collagen.
Enhanced pressure‐driven force‐electric conversion effect for (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Xie Meng , Nie Hengchang , Wang Genshui , Dong Xianlin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe pressure‐driven force‐electric conversion materials with extremely rapid response time have been widely used in mining, defense, and energy areas. The discharge process by the force‐electric conversion effect in ferroelectrics is dominated by polar‐nonpolar phase transformation. In this work, (Pb0.985La0.01)(ZrxTi1‐x)O3(PLZT,x = 0.85–0.94) ceramics is designed by tunning Zr4+/Ti4+ratio and aliovalent La doping to achieve high remnant polarization (Pr) and excellent temperature stability. We focus on the pressure‐driven depolarization in PLZT ceramics, and their corresponding phase structure, ferroelectric properties, dielectric properties, and thermal depolarization. In PLZT (x = 0.93) ceramics, the original polarizationP0increases to 43.42 μC/cm2. The pressure‐driven depolarization releases 37.66 μC/cm2with the depolarization proportion of 86.73%, which is attributed to irreversible ferroelectric‐antiferroelectric phase transition. It also exhibits excellent temperature stability up to 120°C (> 36 μC/cm2). This work provides a high‐performance alternative to Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3and guidance for the development of pulse power energy conversion devices.
The effect of CaO on the physicochemical and biological properties of β‐SiAlON ceramics
Authors: Gao Jinxing , Ma Xin , Mu Jinghua , Xu Enxia , Zhang Can , Gao Lu , Ma Chengliang , Zhao Fei , Sun Xu , Zhang Liguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effects of CaO on the physicochemical and biological properties of β‐SiAlON, β‐SiAlON ceramics containing CaO were prepared using the direct nitriding method. The results of X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that β‐SiAlON remained in the material phase because the addition of Ca did not result in the formation of Ca‐α‐SiAlON. However, CaO promoted the sintering of β‐SiAlON grains and significantly decreased porosity and increased bulk density and compressive strength. According to a chemical stability study, when β‐SiAlON ceramics powder was soaked in deionized water and a cell culture medium, it was noted to have negative electricity. A reaction occurred with the H+ and OH− ions in the deionized water, leading to the formation of surface structures, such as Si‐OH, Al‐OH, and N‐H. Moreover, the addition of CaO caused a different chemical reaction among ions or ion groups in the culture medium, and new chemical groups formed on the material surface that interacted with the culture medium, which resulted in an alteration of the zeta potential and surface chemical properties of β‐SiAlON. MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on the surface of ceramics proved that the cells cannot adhere well to the surface of β‐SiAlON ceramics with CaO, although they could proliferate well around those with only β‐SiAlON. Therefore, the change in the surface chemical properties provides good anticell adhesion ability, which makes β‐SiAlON with CaO a biocompatible material that can be used to prevent contamination caused by cell adhesion, with possible applications in biosensors or biomedical equipment that must be used in sterile environments.
Using γ-ray irradiation and epiphytic microbiota inoculation to separate the effects of chemical and microbial factors on fermentation quality and bacterial community of ensiled Pennisetum giganteum
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yin Xuejing , Dong Zhihao , Wang Siran , Li Junfeng , Dong Dong , Shao Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to separate the effects of chemical and microbial factors on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of ensiled Pennisetum giganteum.

Methods and Results
Fresh P. giganteum of two vegetative stages (stage I, GI; stage II, GII) was treated as follows: GI epiphytic microbiota + γ-ray presterilized GI (MICI), GII epiphytic microbiota + γ-ray presterilized GI (MIICI), GI epiphytic microbiota + γ-ray presterilized GII (MICII), and GII epiphytic microbiota + γ-ray presterilized GII (MIICII). Triplicates per treatment were sampled after 30 days of ensiling for chemical and microbial analyses and high-throughput sequencing. Silages made from CII (MICII and MIICII) had higher lactic acid concentration and the ratio of lactic to acetic acid, and lower pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration than silages produced by CI (MICI and MIICI). Species differential analyses showed that the changes of chemical composition rather than epiphytic microbiota significantly affected the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Pantoea in P. giganteum silages.

Conclusion
These above results manifested that chemical composition was the main factor influencing the fermentation quality and bacterial community of P. giganteum silage in this study.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The obtained results may, therefore, be the first record to provide an in-depth understanding of the relative contributions of chemical and microbial parameters on fermentation quality and bacterial community, which is of great importance for modulating silage fermentation and improving silage quality.
What factors influence nursing home use of hospital avoidance programs? An interview study
Authors: Rayner Jo‐Anne , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo understand why some nursing homes use hospital avoidance programs more frequently than others.DesignTwo hospital avoidance programs, called residential‐in‐reach services in Victoria, Australia, were evaluated using a qualitative descriptive design.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2018, 127 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with staff from nursing homes, general practitioners and staff from the residential‐in reach services. The interviews took an average of 45 min and transcripts were thematically analysed.ResultsNursing home reliance on residential‐in‐reach services to manage deteriorating residents was evident in both evaluations. Irrespective of the model of service provision, reliance was associated with: the increased care needs of residents; difficulties accessing timely and appropriate medical care; and the reduced numbers of skilled registered nurses to assess and manage deteriorating residents.ConclusionThe residential‐in‐reach services are highly regarded by nursing homes. However, some are reliant on these services to provide nursing assessment and management. Using residential‐in‐reach services to substitute for nursing care, deskills nurses and shifts the cost of providing care from the service provider to other agencies. To provide residents with quality nursing care, the number of skilled registered nurses able to work within their scope of practice needs to be increased in Australian nursing homes.ImpactThe findings highlight the challenges of providing care in older people living in aged care. Increasing the number of skilled registered nurses in Australian nursing homes, would support deteriorating residents to stay in familiar surroundings and reduce reliance on external services to provide nursing care.
Barriers and enablers to participating in regular screening programmes for women with cerebral palsy: A qualitative life course study
Authors: Shah Sonali , Taylor Julie , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the barriers and enablers to regular, women‐oriented screening programmes for women with cerebral palsy (CP); and to discuss the participants’ suggestions for change.DesignQualitative life course approach.MethodsTwenty‐five life course interviews were conducted with women in 2020 who identified as having a diagnosis of CP. Interviews were conducted in person or using electronic platforms. Framework analysis was used to interpret the data.FindingsAccess and utilization of regular screening programmes for women with CP across the life course are determined by multiple socioecological factors. Three themes are discussed focusing particularly on cervical and breast screening: 1. barriers, 2. enablers and 3. women's suggestions for change. Some women chose to opt out of sexual health checks for fear they would be too uncomfortable or the procedure would be too difficult. Practitioner attitudes towards disability in general, as well as the extent to which they understood the effects of CP for women, was highlighted as a barrier. Accessibility and adaptability of the environment also influenced women's uptake of screening.ConclusionWomen with CP face many challenges to their sexual and reproductive healthcare. These can deter them from participating in regular women‐oriented screening programmes, which puts them at higher risk of preventable diseases. Understanding the lifelong effects of CP for women, and the interaction with their reproductive health could help to reduce unmet needs and increase participation in relevant screening across the life course.ImpactKnowledge of the challenges to regular screening programmes experienced by women with CP across the life course is crucial to provide appropriate preventative healthcare for women with CP across different stages of life. Elements of this knowledge could have benefits for the care of all disabled women.