bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three new cribrimorph bryozoans (order Cheilostomatida) from the early Miocene of Argentina, with a discussion on spinocystal shield morphologies
Authors: López-Gappa Juan , Pérez Leandro M. , Almeida Ana C.S. , Iturra Débora , Gordon Dennis P. , Vieira Leandro M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBryozoans with calcified frontal shields formed by the fusion of costae, collectively constituting a spinocyst, are traditionally assigned to the family Cribrilinidae. Today, this family is regarded as nonmonophyletic. In the Argentine Cenozoic, cribrilinids were until recently represented by only two fossil species from the Paleocene of Patagonia. This study describes the first fossil representatives ofJolietinaandParafigularia:J. victorian. sp. andP. pigafettain. sp., respectively. A fossil species ofFigularia,F. elcanoin. sp., is also described. The material comes from the early Miocene of the Monte León and Chenque formations (Patagonia, Argentina). For comparison, we also provide redescriptions of the remaining extant species ofJolietina:J. latimarginata(Busk, 1884) andJ. pulchraCanu and Bassler, 1928a. The systematic position of some species previously assigned toFigulariais here discussed.Costafigularian. gen. is erected, withFigularia pulcherrimaTilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001 as type species. Two species previously assigned toFigulariaare here transferred toCostafigularia, resulting inC. jucundan. comb. andC. tahitiensisn. comb. One species ofFigulariais reassigned toVitrimurella, resulting inV. amplan. comb. The family Vitrimurellidae is here reassigned to the superfamily Cribrilinoidea. The subgenusJuxtacribrilinais elevated to genus rank.Inferusiais regarded as a subjective synonym ofParafigularia.Parafigularia darwiniMoyano, 2011 is synonymized withI. tayloriKuklinski and Barnes, 2009, resulting inParafigularia taylorin. comb. Morphological data suggest that these genera comprise different lineages, and a discussion on the disparities among cribrilinid (sensu lato) spinocysts is provided.UUID:http://zoobank.org/215957d3-064b-47e2-9090-d0309f6c9cd8
Regulation of universities as charities: one step forward, two steps back
Authors: Synge Mary 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost universities (bar profit-making institutions) are charities as a matter of law but, historically, have been exempt from charity law regulation. This paper considers the statutory reforms of 2006, which sought to level the regulatory playing field by appointing ‘Principal Regulators’ of such ‘exempt charities’ to promote compliance with charity law. Focusing on the university sector – where some universities are now registered charities (and regulated by the Charity Commission) whilst others remain exempt – it will note how the reforms have resulted in the application of significantly different degrees of scrutiny and accountability, both between individual universities and between universities and other charities. In part, this is due to the statutory framework itself but, significantly, is also attributable to the radically different approach taken by the Office for Students, which replaced HEFCE as Principal Regulator in 2018. Possible improvements in regulatory practice and statutory reform are offered.
The crisis in legally aided criminal defence in Wales: bringing Wales into discussions of England and Wales
Authors: Dehaghani Roxanna , Newman Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of cuts and continued fee stagnation on publicly funded criminal defence in England and Wales. In so doing, we take an explicit focus on Wales, which has been neglected in socio-legal scholarship on criminal justice matters. Drawing on 20 interviews with criminal defence lawyers in south Wales, we examine how they have experienced the changes to criminal legal aid in recent years. The lawyers in this study largely considered underfunding as a key political issue, with criminal legal aid identified as an easy target, also highlighting concerns around the impact of underfunding on their practice and how they can work for clients. As such, lawyers queried whether there is a viable future for criminal legal aid. These findings have implications for Wales, and the whole England and Wales jurisdiction, as we will discuss throughout.
Filmske Novosti: Filmed Diplomacy
Authors: Turajlić Mila 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article maps out a network of cinematic collaboration established between Yugoslavia and the non-aligned countries in Africa, primarily via the institution of the Yugoslav Newsreels (Filmske novosti). Yugoslav newsreel activities developed to accompany the performative diplomacy of President Tito’s “Voyages of Peace,” playing a role both in cementing his image internationally and his political status at home. By the late 1950s, cinema would become one of the central instruments of Yugoslav information activities abroad, capitalizing on an expanding diplomatic network. In this context, Filmske novosti became the bearers of Yugoslav technical aid in the domain of cinema. Building on a trope of shared revolutionary struggles, they boosted Yugoslavia’s international reputation through the filming of the Algerian Liberation Movement. The unique nature of the cinematic aid provided by Filmske novosti to liberation movements such as the ALN and FRELIMO was continued, with assistance in setting up of national film centers in countries such as Mali and Tanzania. Throughout, Yugoslavia maintained a praxis of non-conditional and non-credited transnational ciné-kinship, which is one of the reasons this remains an unknown chapter in the history of Third Cinema and militant ciné-geographies.
TRIPLET INVARIANCE AND PARALLEL SUMS
Authors: LEE TSIU-KWEN , LIN JHENG-HUEI , QUYNH TRUONG CONG 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet R be a semiprime ring with extended centroid C and let

$I(x)$
denote the set of all inner inverses of a regular element x in R. Given two regular elements

$a, b$
in R, we characterise the existence of some

$c\in R$
such that

$I(a)+I(b)=I(c)$
. Precisely, if

$a, b, a+b$
are regular elements of R and a and b are parallel summable with the parallel sum

${\cal P}(a, b)$
, then

$I(a)+I(b)=I({\cal P}(a, b))$
. Conversely, if

$I(a)+I(b)=I(c)$
for some

$c\in R$
, then

$\mathrm {E}[c]a(a+b)^{-}b$
is invariant for all

$(a+b)^{-}\in I(a+b)$
, where

$\mathrm {E}[c]$
is the smallest idempotent in C satisfying

$c=\mathrm {E}[c]c$
. This extends earlier work of Mitra and Odell for matrix rings over a field and Hartwig for prime regular rings with unity and some recent results proved by Alahmadi et al. [‘Invariance and parallel sums’, Bull. Math. Sci.10(1) (2020), 2050001, 8 pages] concerning the parallel summability of unital prime rings and abelian regular rings.
Libertarian Paternalism and the Problem of Preference Architecture
Authors: Kniess Johannes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeople often fail to make the choices that best satisfy their preferences. The design of the social environment inevitably makes some choices easier than others. According to Libertarian Paternalists, these facts justify governments nudging people towards better choices through changes to the so-called choice architecture. This is a form of means paternalism. However, the social environment affects not only people's choices or means, but also the preferences they adopt in the first place. Call this the problem of ‘preference architecture’. This article argues that preference architecture constitutes a fundamental challenge to the justificatory basis of Libertarian Paternalism. More generally, it explores when, if ever, government paternalism that influences preference formation can be justified. While Libertarian Paternalism cannot provide a satisfactory answer, the author defends a contractualist account of paternalism based on a notion of primary goods and democratic deliberation.
POMPEY, VENUS AND THE POLITICS OF HESIOD IN LUCAN'SBELLVM CIVILE8.456–9
Authors: Sansom Stephen A. 
Published: January 2021

Pompey does not accept defeat at Pharsalus. Rather, in an effort to gain support from powers beyond Rome, he makes for Egypt and, unbeknownst to him, his decapitation. As narrated in Lucan'sBellum ciuile, after deliberating in Cilicia with his senatorial advisers (8.259–455), Pompey stops at the island of Cyprus (8.456–9):tum Cilicum liquere solum Cyproque citatasimmisere rates, nullas cui praetulit arasundae diua memor Paphiae, si numina nascicredimus aut quemquam fas est coepisse deorum.Then they left the Cilician soil and steered their vessels in haste for Cyprus—Cyprus which the goddess, mindful of Paphian waves, prefers to any of her shrines (if we believe that deities have birth, or if it is lawful to hold that any of the gods had a beginning).In Lucan, Pompey's trip to Cyprus is brief and includes a somewhat curious reference to Venus (diua), her origins (undae … Paphiae) and the birth of the gods. Other authors also record Pompey's visit to Cyprus, although the details vary. Some, including Julius Caesar, set his deliberations not in Cilicia but on Cyprus itself (Caes.BCiu.3.102.3.1–8.1; cf. Plut.Vit. Pomp. 77.1.1–2.1). Others, it seems, provide few if any details of Pompey at the island, for example the scanty evidence from Livy,Per. 112.1–10.
A SODOMY SCANDAL ON THE EVE OF THE FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION
Authors: HAMILTON TOM 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article uncovers a sodomy scandal that took place in the Benedictine abbey of Morigny, on the eve of the French Wars of Religion, in order to tackle an apparently simple yet persistent question in the history of early modern criminal justice. Why, despite all of the formal and informal obstacles in their way, did plaintiffs bring charges before a criminal court in this period? The article investigates the sodomy scandal that led to the conviction and public execution of the abbey's porter Pierre Logerie, known as ‘the gendarme of Morigny’, and situates it in the wider patterns of criminal justice as well as the developing spiritual crisis of the civil wars during the mid-sixteenth century. Overall, this article demonstrates how criminal justice in this period could prove useful to plaintiffs in resolving their disputes, even in crimes as scandalous and difficult to articulate as sodomy, but only when the interests of local elites strongly aligned with those of the criminal courts where the plaintiffs sought justice.
Housing Wealth as Precautionary Saving: Evidence from Urban China
Authors: Painter Gary , Yang Xi , Zhong Ninghua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article provides new evidence on the housing-wealth effect on consumption using household panel data. A key advantage in studying the Chinese housing market is the absence of the collateral channel because households are prohibited from withdrawing housing equity. The results show that for every 1% increase in housing wealth, household consumption increases by 0.14%, suggesting an implied marginal propensity to consume out of housing wealth of 0.023. Further, we find that this marginal propensity to consume is the largest among employees who face greater income uncertainty, suggesting that precautionary-saving motives are driving the results.
Revision cricotracheal resection: our experience
Authors: Ebada H A , El-Fattah A M A , Tawfik A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe incidence of recurrent stenosis after cricotracheal resection is 3–9.5 per cent. Management of such patients is challenging. This study aimed to review our experience in revision cricotracheal resection.MethodsThe study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt, on nine patients with recurrent stenosis following cricotracheal resection. Revision cricotracheal resection was performed in all patients. Surgiflo was applied on the site of anastomosis to enhance healing.ResultsNo intra-operative complications were recorded. Minor post-operative complications occurred in two patients (surgical emphysema and temporary choking); no major complications were reported. Re-stenosis occurred in one patient. Successful decannulation was achieved in eight of the nine patients.ConclusionRevision cricotracheal resection is the definitive curative treatment for recurrent stenosis after previous unsuccessful resection. It has high success rates, provided that careful pre-operative assessment and meticulous operative technique are performed.
A review of cephalopods (Phylum: Mollusca) of the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (Central-East Atlantic, African coast)
Authors: Luna Amanda , Rocha Francisco , Perales-Raya Catalina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn extensive review of cephalopod fauna in the Central and North Atlantic coast of Africa was performed based on material collected during 10 research cruises in these waters. In the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) area, a total of 378,377 cephalopod specimens was collected from 1247 bottom trawl stations. Of those specimens, 300 were sampled for subsequent identification in the laboratory and found to belong to 65 different species and 23 families. After an exhaustive review of the existing literature on the cephalopods and new data obtained from the surveys, an updated checklist of 138 species was generated for the CCLME area. Our knowledge of the known geographic distribution ranges of several species has been expanded:Muusoctopus januariihas been sighted from Guinea–Bissau waters, passing through Western Sahara, to Morocco waters for the first time;Lepidoteuthis grimaldiiandOctopus salutiihave been sighted off Morocco waters for the first time;Austrorossia mastigophora,Abralia(Heterabralia)siedleckyi,Abralia(Pygmabralia)redfieldiandSepiola atlanticahave been cited off Western Sahara waters for the first time;Magnoteuthis magna,Abralia(Asteroteuthis)veranyiandOctopoteuthis megapterahave been sighted off Moroccan and Western Sahara waters for the first time;Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii,Opisthoteuthis grimaldii,Onykia robsoni,Muusoctopus levisandBathypolypus valdiviaehave been cited in the Guinea–Bissau coast for the first time; the northern geographic limit ofBathypolypus ergasticushas been expanded to Morocco, Western Sahara and Mauritania and southward to Guinea–Bissau waters. The presence ofMuusoctopus johnsonianusin Senegalese waters has been reported for the first time. AChtenopteryx siculaspecimen was reported in Western Sahara waters. A specimen belonging to the poorly knownCirrothauma murrayispecies was found in South Moroccan waters.Amphitretus pelagicus, a probably cosmopolitan species, has been reported in the Western Sahara and Guinea–Bissau waters. Some species that were previously recorded in the area,Sepia angulata,Sepia hieronis,Heteroteuthis dagamensis,Helicocranchia joubiniandTremoctopus gelatus, were removed from the final checklist and considered to be not present in the CCLME area.Cycloteuthis akimushkiniwas substituted withCycloteuthis sirventi, its senior synonym, in the final checklist. Similarly,Mastigoteuthis flammeaandMastigoteuthis grimaldiiwere substituted withMastigoteuthis agassizii.
Mothering in later life: Older mothers and their challenging adult children
Authors: Smith Judith R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study uses constructivist grounded theory to explore older women's responses to the unexpected need to provide financial, emotional and residential support to their adult children who were experiencing problems with mental illness, substance abuse and/or absence of employment. Twenty-nine American women (>60) were interviewed:55 per cent were poor and half were women of colour. Using the theoretical model of intergenerational ambivalence, three types of structural ambivalence are discovered: mothers’ reactions to their adult children's behaviour that violate expectations for reciprocity; women's dismayed reactions to their adult children's aggressive behaviours towards themselves as their mothers; and the women's struggle regarding balancing their role as a mother to protect their adult children alongside their wish and identified needs for self-care. All of the conflicts were expressed within the frame of their role of mother. The internalised mandate to be ‘a good mother’ resulted in many experiencing shame, self-blame and guilt, and this self-blame was an obstacle to reaching out for help. This study adds to the growing body of feminist gerontological research and examines the ideological and structural variables that influence the predominance of female unpaid family care-givers in later life. The dilemma for older women with troubled adult children is both personal and political.
Beyond the Islamicate Chancery: Archives, Paperwork, and Textual Encounters across Eurasia, a Preface
Authors: Sartori Paolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis thematic issue of Itinerario brings together a selection of papers presented at the international conference Beyond the Islamicate Chancery: Archives, Paperwork, and Textual Encounters across Eurasia, which was held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna in early October 2018. The conference was the third instalment in a series of collaborations between the Institute of Iranian Studies at the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the University of Pittsburgh examining Islamicate cultures of documentation from different angles. Surviving precolonial and colonial chancery archives across Eurasia provide an unparalleled glimpse into the inner workings of connectivity across writing cultures and, especially, documentary practices. This particular meeting has attempted to situate what has traditionally been a highly technical discipline in a broader historical dialogue on the relationship between state power, the archive, and cultural encounters.
Hepatitis B virus infection in EU/EEA and United Kingdom prisons: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Nakitanda Aya Olivia , Montanari Linda , Tavoschi Lara , Mozalevskis Antons , Duffell Erika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
People in prison are disproportionately affected by viral hepatitis. To examine the current epidemiology of and responses targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) in prisons across the European Union, European Economic Area and United Kingdom, we analysed HBV-specific data from the World Health Organization's Health in Prisons European Database and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control's hepatitis B prevalence database. Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence ranged from 0% in a maximum-security prison in United Kingdom to 25.2% in two Bulgarian juvenile detention centres. Universal HBV screening on opt-out basis and vaccination were reported available in 31% and 85% of 25 countries, respectively. Disinfectants, condoms and lubricants were offered free of charge in all prisons in the country by 26%, 46% and 15% of 26 countries, respectively. In 38% of reporting countries, unsupervised partner visits with the possibility for sexual intercourse was available in all prisons. The findings are suggestive of high HBV prevalence amidst suboptimal coverage of interventions in prisons. A harmonised monitoring system and robust data at national and regional levels are needed to better understand the HBV situation in prisons within the framework of the European action plan and Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis.
A REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF OBSIDIAN USE IN THE POSTCLASSIC AZTATLAN TRADITION
Authors: Pierce Daniel E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOf the many items that were traded throughout the Postclassic (A.D. 850/900–1350) Aztatlan network, obsidian was perhaps the most prevalent. In this study, large assemblages of obsidian from five Aztatlan centers on the coastal plain are discussed: San Felipe Aztatan, Chacalilla, Amapa, Coamiles, and Peñitas. In total, over 12,000 obsidian artifacts were analyzed macroscopically and through handheld portable X-ray fluorescence. The results of these analyses illustrate regional patterns of obsidian use that appear consistent across the coastal plain. Generally, only three obsidian sources were used with frequency. The most proximal source was utilized for generalized reduction and probably acquired directly, while more distant obsidians from the Jalisco highlands are commonly found in the form of prismatic blades. These trends in obsidian use indicate an increase in source diversity concurrent with the development of the Aztatlan trade networks despite the local availability of quality obsidians. Finally, synchronic patterns of source distribution further indicate that sources were unevenly distributed as certain individuals likely had greater access to imported blades. In conclusion, this large study provides a regional perspective of obsidian use in Western Mexico on the coastal plain and showcases the pervasiveness of the obsidian trade during the Postclassic.
Irreversible coronary aneurysm presenting as acute coronary syndrome in a child with hypereosinophilic syndrome: a case report
Authors: Tahouri Tahmineh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Rezaei-Kalantari Kiara , Shahzadi Hossein 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypereosinophilic syndrome is defined as persistent eosinophilia in the blood for more than 6 months, without any identifiable cause and with end-organ involvement evidence. Cardiac manifestations of HES include heart failure due to restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, intraventricular thrombosis, and coronary artery involvement occurs frequently. In rare instances, coronary ectasia, aneurysms, or dissection can occur and cause morbidity and mortality in these patients.A coronary aneurysm occurs rarely in adult patients with HES but to our knowledge, this is the first report of this association in a 14-year-old boy who was presented to us as coronary aneurysm due to hypereosinophilic syndrome.
“GOOD, BETTER, BEST”
Authors: Cherlin Andrew J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTurner Station, Maryland, is a century-old African American neighborhood just east of Baltimore that housed the families of workers who were employed at a nearby steel plant from the founding of the community in the early 1900s until the plant closed in 2012. Its story provides a window into the lives of the understudied Black working-class during the peak decades of industrial employment and the ensuing decades of decline. Long-time residents recall a vibrant, self-sufficient community with a heterogeneous class structure, produced in part by residential restrictions and employment discrimination that constrained professionals such as physicians and teachers to reside and to practice or work in the neighborhood. They report a high level of collective efficacy and joint responsibility for childrearing. Current and former residents describe a strong emphasis on education as a means of upward mobility. As levels of education rose and residential opportunities opened, the children of the mid-century steelworkers left Turner Station for other communities in the metropolitan area and beyond. As out migration continued, the community suffered a decline: virtually all of the businesses are gone, vacant homes are common, and a more transient population has moved in. The members of the Turner Station diaspora still cherish the memory of the neighborhood, even as many have moved on and up. Their achievements show what happened when a generation of African Americans were given access to decent-paying jobs that did not require a college education—a degree of access that no longer exists because of the decline of industrial employment in the Baltimore region and elsewhere.