bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Anatomy of A Vessel Spill Response
Authors: McLellan William A. 
Published: December 2021

The focus of this paper is to highlight cost issues that have arisen during actual spill responses in the United States including issues related to a Responsible Party's (RP) named Spill Management Team (SMT), its named Oil Spill Response Organization (OSRO), the USCG, the National Pollution Fund Center (NPFC), and state/local government agencies. In addition, there will be a brief discussion related to third party claim costs and management. The author's sincere hope is that this paper will generate meaningful discussion concerning the issues raised that, in turn, will lead to reasoned changes resulting in lower, and more palatable response costs.
The purpose of this paper is to highlight issues, not to criticize or embarrass individuals or entities. Accordingly, no company or individuals will be identified.
This paper is not all inclusive and does not include costs related to Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA), fines, or legal fees. In addition, while recognizing that entities other than vessels are covered under OPA 90, this paper, as noted in the title, concerns only spills from vessels. All opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the author.
Evolving NOAA SCAT Data Management Standard
Authors: Nixon Zachary , Childs Carl , Tarpley John , Shorr Ben 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
To address the growing detail, complexity, and volume of data collected and developed during oil spill response, and facilitate data sharing and conversion between data collection and storage and management systems across diverse parties to a response, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) has developed and published a data management standard for observational Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT). The standard was cooperatively developed by NOAA and others in the response community over the past three years through a series of workshops and meetings. The standard is agnostic about physical spill environment, data collection methods, algorithms, software and computing environment, and requires only the most basic structured data to preserve the maximum flexibility for spill specific conditions and the unanticipated needs of future data collection. NOAA is also in the process of expanding the role of the DIVER (Data Integration Visualization Exploration and Reporting) centralized data warehouse and query tools used to house, query and visualize analytical results, field observations, photos and other information. As part of this effort, DIVER is being expanded to ingest and store SCAT data compliant with the standard using a SCAT data management standard. We anticipate that the use of the standard will be mandated as part of data sharing agreements put in place for future incidents for spills involving NOAA or other federal agencies. As such, we seek to widely disseminate information about the standard to the spill response community. Here, we discuss the components of the standard in detail, and provide information on available documentation, example data, file interchange formats, and methods to provide feedback to NOAA.
State-of-the Science of Dispersants and Dispersed Oil in Arctic Waters
Authors: Kinner Nancy , Helton Doug , Shigenaka Gary 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Chemical dispersants were employed on an unprecedented scale during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, and could be a response option should a large spill occur in Arctic waters. The use of dispersants in response to the DWH spill raised concerns regarding the need for chemical dispersants, the fate of the oil and dispersants, and their potential impacts on human health and the environment. Concerns remain that would be more evident in the Arctic, where the remoteness and harsh environmental conditions would make a response to any oil spill very difficult. An outcome of a 2013 Arctic oil spill exercise for senior federal agency leadership identified the need for an evaluation of the state-of-the-science of dispersants and dispersed oil (DDO), and a clear delineation of the associated uncertainties that remain, particularly as they apply to Arctic waters. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in partnership with the Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC), embarked on a project to seek expert review and evaluation of the state-of-the-science and the uncertainties involving DDO. The objectives of the project were to: identify the primary research/reference documents on DDO, determine what is known about the state-of-the-science regarding DDO, and determine what uncertainties, knowledge gaps or inconsistencies remain 689559 regarding DDO science. The project focused on five areas and how they might be affected by Arctic conditions: dispersant efficacy and effectiveness, physical transport and chemical behavior, degradation and fate, eco-toxicity and sub-lethal impacts, and public health and food safety. The Louisiana University Marine Consortium (LUMCON) dispersants database was used as a source of relevant literature generated prior to June 2008. The CRRC created a database that compiled relevant research thereafter. The six to ten experts on each of the panel were from academia, industry, NGOs, governmental agencies and consulting. Despite the fact that their scientific perspectives were diverse, the panelists were able to generate hundreds of statements of knowns and uncertainties about which all of the members agreed. This required detailed discussion of 1000s scientific papers. While the cutoff date for literature considered was December 31, 2015, the vast majority of the findings are still relevant and most of the uncertainties remain. As the ice in the Arctic diminishes and maritime development and activity increase, these five documents can inform discussions of the potential use of dispersants as a spill response option in both ice-free and ice infested Arctic waters.
Reduced‐order functional observers for descriptor linear time‐invariant systems: a parametric method
Authors: Gu Da‐Ke , Sun Li‐Song , Liu Yin‐Dong 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis article introduces the parametric design method of the reduced‐order functional observer for descriptor linear time‐invariant systems. First, existence conditions of reduced‐order functional observers are provided. Then, based on the solution of generalized Sylvester equations, completely parameterized expressions of the coefficients matrices of the reduced‐order functional observer are established, and the design algorithm of the reduced‐order functional observer is also proposed. The advantage of the proposed design method is that the observation error system can be transformed into a linear system with an expected eigenstructure. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cholesteric Cellulose Liquid Crystals with Multifunctional Structural Colors
Authors: Zhang Zhuohao , Chen Zhuoyue , Wang Yu , Zhao Yuanjin , Shang Luoran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStructural coloration is an intriguing phenomenon that exists widely in living creatures. A genuine bionic design of artificial structural colors requires accommodating of molecular interactions that contribute to dynamic optical responses over various external stimuli. Novel composite cellulose cholesteric liquid crystals are reported with additional molecular interactions and dynamic regulations as a bionic prototype for biological structural coloration. It is found that the incorporation of polymer monomers increases the amount of hydrogen bonds, leading to a broader range of color tunability. In addition, the crosslinking of the polymer is accompanied by a time‐dependent structure alternation of the cellulose cholesteric liquid crystals, which offers a duration control of irradiation over the color. Based on these phenomena, a series of structural color materials is developed with dynamic photonic responsiveness and high‐resolution patterns; their utility in wearable sensors, graphic displays, and information encryption is demonstrated. It is believed that this study presents a next‐generation biomimetic photonic material design and applications for different areas.
The Regioselective Arylation of 1,3‐Benzodioxoles
Authors: Kanai Yuki , Müller‐Borges Dorian , Plenio Herbert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe direct arylation of 1,3‐benzodioxole and 2,2‐difluorobenzo[1,3]dioxole with 26 different aryl bromides yields the respective 4‐substitued products in yields of >80% requiring between 0.05–1 mol % Na2PdCl4, 30 mol % pivalic acid, 1.3 equivs. K2CO3 and ca. 250 equivs. of diethylacetamide per Pd at T=120 °C. The nature of the amide and the concentration of the reactants are crucial for the optimization of the reaction conditions. The primary role of the acetamide is that of a ligand to Pd, it is not needed as a solvent.magnified image
Deep eutectic solvents for efficient capture of cyclohexane in volatile organic compounds: Thermodynamic and molecular mechanism
Authors: Li Guoxuan , Gui Chengmin , Zhu Ruisong , Lei Zhigang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) as promising green absorbents were first proposed to capture the condensable cyclohexane gas. Choline chloride–ethylene glycol (EG) (Ethaline) and choline chloride–urea (Reline) were prepared using choline chloride as the hydrogen‐bond acceptor (HBA) and urea or EG as the hydrogen‐bond donor (HBD). To explore the potential application of DESs in condensable gas capture, the COSMO‐RS model was used to predict the solubility of cyclohexane in Ethaline and Reline. The thermodynamic properties, that is, Henry's constant and excess enthalpy, were estimated by correlating solubility data with Henry's law equation. Quantum chemical (QC) calculation was applied to understand the absorption mechanism at the molecular level. The results showed that the absorption performance of cyclohexane in Ethaline and Reline was dependent on the weak interaction between O of EG (or N of urea) and H of cyclohexane as well as the free volume effect of DESs.
Intracranial venous malformation masquerading as a meningioma in PI3KCA‐related overgrowth spectrum disorder
Authors: Filippidis Aristotelis , Lidov Hart , Al‐Ibraheemi Alyaa , See Alfred P. , Srivastava Siddharth , Orbach Darren B. , Fehnel Katie Pricola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGain of function PIK3CA pathogenic variants have been identified in overgrowth syndromes collectively termed “PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum” (PROS). There are no previously reported cases of cerebrovascular venous malformations in PROS syndromes, though somatic activating PIK3CA variants have been identified in extracranial venous malformation. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boar at Boston Children's Hospital. A 14‐year‐old female mosaic for the de novo p.R108H pathogenic variant in the PIK3CA gene was found to have a large tumor involving the superior sagittal sinus with mass effect on the motor cortex most consistent with a parafalcine meningioma. She underwent surgical resection with pathology demonstrating a venous malformation. PIK3CA pathogenic variants have been identified in nonsyndromic extracranial venous and lymphatic malformations as well in brain tumors, including glioma and meningioma. However, PIK3CA variants have not previously been identified in purely intracranial venous malformations. This distinction is relevant to treatment decisions, given that mTOR inhibitors may provide an alternative option for noninvasive therapy in cases of suspected venous malformation.
Automated pose estimation in primates
Authors: Hayden Benjamin Y. , Park Hyun Soo , Zimmermann Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the behavior of primates is important for primatology, for psychology, and for biology more broadly. It is also important for biomedicine, where primates are an important model organism, and whose behavior is often an important variable of interest. Our ability to rigorously quantify behavior has, however, long been limited. On one hand, we can rigorously quantify low‐information measures like preference, looking time, and reaction time; on the other, we can use more gestalt measures like behavioral categories tracked via ethogram, but at high cost and with high variability. Recent technological advances have led to a major revolution in behavioral measurement that offers affordable and scalable rigor. Specifically, digital video cameras and automated pose tracking software can provide measures of full‐body position (i.e., pose) of primates over time (i.e., behavior) with high spatial and temporal resolution. Pose‐tracking technology in turn can be used to infer behavioral states, such as eating, sleeping, and mating. We call this technological approachbehavioral imaging. In this review, we situate the behavioral imaging revolution in the history of the study of behavior, argue for investment in and development of analytical and research techniques that can profit from the advent of the era ofbig behavior, and propose that primate centers and zoos will take on a more central role in relevant fields of research than they have in the past.
Adult male–female social bond advertising: The primary function of coordinated singing intensity in a small ape
Authors: Ma Haigang , Ma Changyong , Fan Pengfei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdult male and female coordinated singing occur in diverse animal taxa. Adult male–female social bond advertising and strengthening have been proposed as two important functional hypotheses of coordinated singing. Here we studied these two functions in four groups of cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus), a small ape that lives in polygynous family groups and adult members coordinated their sex‐specific songs to produce complex duets or trios (three members sing together), using 6‐year field behavioral data. In this study, we used the number of successful great call sequences per bout or per minute, and latency period from start of the adult male call to the first successful great call sequence to represent singing intensity. We used the proportion of proximity, behavioral synchronization, and grooming between adult male and female to represent bond strength. We used linear mixed‐effects model to investigate the correlation between singing intensity and adult male–female social bond strength. We found a negative correlation between all three bond strength indicators and female latency period (N = 209), and a positive correlation between the number of successful great call sequences per bout (N = 253) and per minute (N = 254) and proximity. We used paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test to investigate if adult gibbons increase bond strength after singing. We found proximity (hourly level: N = 45; daily level: N = 54), behavioral synchronization (hourly level: N = 57; daily level: N = 49), and grooming (daily level: N = 34) in most of the groups did not increase significantly after singing in an hourly or daily level. Together, these results indicate that cao vit gibbon coordinated singing serves primarily in adult male–female social bond advertising and distinct singing intensity indicators advertise different information on adult male–female social bond strength.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Vanadates as Potential Magnesium‐Ion Cathode Materials through an Ab Initio Guided Carbothermal Reduction Approach**
Authors: Lee Jeongjae , Dey Sunita , Dutton Siân E. , Grey Clare P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany technologically relevant materials for advanced energy storage and catalysis feature reduced transition‐metal (TM) oxides that are often nontrivial to prepare because of the need to control the reducing nature of the atmosphere in which they are synthesized. Herein, we show that an ab initio predictive synthesis strategy can be used to produce multi‐gram‐scale products of various MgVxOy‐type phases (δ‐MgV2O5, spinel MgV2O4, and MgVO3) containing V3+ or V4+ relevant for Mg‐ion battery cathodes. Characterization of these phases using 25Mg solid‐state NMR spectroscopy illustrates the potential of 25Mg NMR for studying reversible magnesiation and local charge distributions. Rotor‐assisted population transfer (RAPT) is used as a much‐needed signal‐to‐noise enhancement technique. The ab initio guided synthesis method is seen as a step forward towards a predictive synthesis strategy for targeting specific complex TM oxides with variable oxidation states of technological importance.
Remote Amino Acid Recognition Enables Effective Hydrogen Peroxide Activation at a Manganese Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Vicens Laia , Olivo Giorgio , Costas Miquel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrecise delivery of a proton plays a key role in O2 activation at iron oxygenases, enabling the crucial O−O cleavage step that generates the oxidizing high‐valent metal–oxo species. Such a proton is delivered by acidic residues that may either directly bind the iron center or lie in its second coordination sphere. Herein, a supramolecular strategy for enzyme‐like H2O2 activation at a biologically inspired manganese catalyst, with a nearly stoichiometric amount (1–1.5 equiv) of a carboxylic acid is disclosed. Key for this strategy is the incorporation of an α,ω‐amino acid in the second coordination sphere of a chiral catalyst via remote ammonium‐crown ether recognition. The properly positioned carboxylic acid function enables effective activation of hydrogen peroxide, leading to catalytic asymmetric epoxidation. Modulation of both amino acid and catalyst structure can tune the efficiency and the enantioselectivity of the reaction, and a study on the oxidative degradation pathway of the system is presented.
Preparation and characterization of self‐emulsifying poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate grafted polyacrylate copolymers modified by waterborne polyester
Authors: Zhou Ye‐xi , Yuan Qing‐xia , Gong Shu‐ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe high molecular weight polyacrylate self‐emulsifying emulsion with 20% hydroxyl monomer and 50% solid content was prepared. Waterborne polyester was used to modify the acrylate resin. Besides acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid (MAA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) was also used as functional monomer to stabilize the polymerization process and improve the properties of the emulsion. The effects of the amount of waterborne polyester (WP), ammonium persulfate (APS), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA), methacrylic acid (MAA)/acrylic acid (AA) monomer ratio, butyl acrylate (BA)/styrene (St) monomer ratio on the molecular weight, particle size, viscosity, storage stability, and cured film properties of the polyacrylate emulsion were investigated. The average molecular weight of the modified polyacrylate was up to about 2.5 × 104 g mol−1. The emulsion remained stable after 6 months at room temperature. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the latex particles had core‐shell structure. The films cured with melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin showed excellent water resistance, adhesion, and hardness.
A stakeholder‐supported conservation assessment for a data‐limited species: Olympic mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi)
Authors: Kuehne Lauren M. , Hayes Marc P. , Tyson Julie A. , Douville Keith A. , Tabor Roger A. , Olden Julian D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Olympic mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi) is the only endemic freshwater fish species in Washington State and is limited to south‐western and northern coastal wetlands there. Population decline has led to its listing as state ‘Sensitive’, while recent genetic analysis has identified north coast populations as a sub‐group of potential concern because of historical isolation and low level of occurrence. Substantial knowledge gaps about the species have made further assessment of conservation status difficult and hampered proactive conservation measures.
This article describes a three‐tiered approach to evaluate conservation status, comprising: (i) a set of high‐priority research questions identified by experts and stakeholders to advance conservation knowledge; (ii) a habitat suitability model to identify environmental factors related to the presence and absence of the species; and (iii) synthesis of information from that suitability model and other research to evaluate status using IUCN Red List criteria. Together these components provide an initial research agenda to guide future management and monitoring.
Evidence for an elevated conservation status of Olympic mudminnow across its entire range is mixed, with knowledge about changes in distribution and population over time lacking in many places. The case for enhanced conservation status is strongest for the genetically distinct populations along the northern coast, where suitable habitat is limited and populations highly disjointed.
Development of a monitoring network that would detect changes in distribution and abundance of key populations is a central requirement for the conservation of the species, which is threatened by the effects of climate, land use change and invasive species.
Involving stakeholders in conservation planning at early stages allows development of robust, practical research questions based on shared data and diverse expertise. This is particularly valuable where species knowledge is highly constrained. These elements produce confidence in implementing research and management actions that are more likely to gain wide acceptance and increase knowledge of conservation status and needs over time.
Co‐occurring conditions and racial‐ethnic disparities: Medicaid enrolled adults on the autism spectrum
Authors: Schott Whitney , Tao Sha , Shea Lindsay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvidence suggests that autistic adults have higher odds of developing several co‐occurring conditions, but less is known about disparities by race and ethnicity in this population. Using 2008–2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data, we (i) identify the prevalence of co‐occurring conditions among the population of autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries compared to a matched sample of those without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, (ii) conduct logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for these health conditions predicted by an autism diagnosis, and (iii) estimate odds of having these health conditions as predicted by racial/ethnic group among the autistic population only. Overall, autistic adults did not have higher prevalence of some major health conditions (cardiovascular conditions, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disease), but they did have higher odds of others (nutrition conditions, epilepsy, disorders of the central nervous system). Analysis by racial/ethnic group, however, shows that Black, Hispanic, and Asian autistic beneficiaries had higher odds of diabetes, hospitalized cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension, among other conditions. Policymakers should be aware that racial disparities found in the general population persist in the autistic population and should work to implement systems and programs to improve screening and preventive care for minority autistic populations.Lay SummaryAutistic adults may have several co‐occurring physical and mental health conditions, which could differ by racial/ethnic group. We find that, compared to the general Medicaid population, autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries have elevated odds of some health conditions, like epilepsy and nutrition conditions, as well as some psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and attention disorders. We also find that many of the same health disparities by racial/ethnic group in the general population persist among the autistic adult Medicaid population. For example, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Medicaid autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of diabetes, and Black and Hispanic autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of obesity and nutrition conditions than white autistic beneficiaries.