bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histomorphology Panorama of Neoplastic Gastrointestinal Lesions in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Bamanikar Sunita , Sonkawade Dayanand , Bhandari Parul , Bamanikar Arvind , Chandanwale Shirish , Buch Archana 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are one of the most common malignancies accounting for 11% of all cancers. There is an increasing burden of GI cancer worldwide, wherein gastric cancer ranks fourth and esophageal cancer ranks the eighth most common cancer. Histopathological confirmation is always necessary for planning appropriate treatment regimen. Hence, in this study, we aim to analyze and correlate with clinical parameters the spectrum of all GI neoplasms encountered in our institute.

Materials and Methods:
The present study is carried out during 5 years' period of all neoplastic GI specimens received in the department of pathology.

Results:
Of the total 259 biopsy and excised specimens from neoplastic cases, benign were 14 (5.4%) and malignant lesions were 245 (94.6%) with adenocarcinoma being the most common histotype. The frequency of male was marginally higher with M:F ratio of 1.1:1 was observed in all GI diseases with exception of gall bladder which revealed female predominance. The mean age of patients was 55.2 years. Colorectal carcinoma was more commonly observed (40.5%) than esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (27.4%).

Conclusion:
Neoplasm of the colorectal region was the most common followed by esophagus tumors. The most common age group affected was 51–60 years. With an increasing incidence of neoplastic lesion in GIT, prevalence and mortality of the disease can be minimized with early detection of lesion, histopathological examination being gold standard.
Use of Internet for Practice of Self-Medication
Authors: Agarwal Tanishq , Agarwal Vrinda , Agarwal Pawan , Sharma Dhananjaya 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Internet has become the major source of health-related information, leading to a growing trend toward unsupervised self-medication using internet. This survey was conducted to assess the extent of internet use to obtain health information/self-medication, their perception regarding side effects of drug used, types/quality of information, and which site was commonly surfed for information.

Materials and Methods:
A web-based tool (Google Forms) was used to develop a questionnaire to obtain information about extent and impact of internet on self-medication by general population. The questionnaire included 9 questions along with demographic details of participants. The questionnaire was sent to participants by WhatsApp and E-mail and their responses were analyzed.

Results:
Four hundred and forty-eight (56%) persons responded to survey. There were 226 (50.4%) males and 222 (49.6%) females. The average age of responders was 35.10 years. Overall, 59.8% of responders used internet to obtain health information and self-medication. Out of these, 54.47% took allopathic medications without consulting the doctors. The majority of persons self-medicated for minor illnesses, but 11.6% of persons self-diagnosed and self-medicated for serious illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, cancers, and psychological problems. 23.2% of peoples think that information on internet carries no risk for self-medication and 21% think that internet use can be a substitute for consulting a doctor. Google was the most common site (93.8%) surfed by participants. The health information provided on net was perceived as very good by 43.7%.

Conclusions:
There are growing trends toward the self-medication using internet. The health information on internet should be made easier, simpler, and safer to achieve positive health outcomes, but patients should be discouraged for self-medication. To support the safe and appropriate use of nonprescription medicines, minimum practice standards should be set by the governing medical bodies in each country.</ABS>
Peanut Productivity Under The Albizia Stand With Agroforestry System In Community Forest, Magetan East Java Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Anang , M Winarni  , Parwi  
Published: January 2021

An effort to meet the national food need is by utilizing productive forest areas under albizia stands. Food stuff such as peanuts can grow under albizia forest stands. The purpose of this research was to know success of agroforestry system implemented to tree after initial release of contract. This study was conducted under albizia stand of state forest Magetan in East Java. Research design was used in this study was randomized block design. 5- year- old albizia stages with 0%, 25%, 50 % trimming intensity with plant spacing of 3 m x 4 m, Albizia trees that used for this comparison as many as 90 albizia trees. Results showed that soil lies under 5-year-old albizia trees still produced peanut with highest weights 129 g/m and lowest weight 117 g/m2 while highest biomass about 115.10 g and lowest biomass about 98.23 g. Application of agroforestry system under 5-year-old albizia stand is still good and intensive, creating work, improving social welfare, local community opinion change into positive perceptions for forestry development, forest protection, forest fire prevention, reducing rapid forest degradation and environmental quality conservation of forest areas.
Determinants Effectiveness of Information Technology Governance and IT Performance in Higher Education Institution (HEI): A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Anwar Fattah  , Hoga Saragih  , Resad Setyadi  
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to build a conceptual framework based on literature review that will be tested in future research related to Information Technology Governance (ITG). The results of the literature review allow for the construction of hypotheses into a conceptual framework. Furthermore, the study identifies mechanism that contribute to effectiveness IT governance based on past literatures, on this domain assesses mechanism ITG the influence between information technology performance and effectiveness Information technology governance .The conceptual framework will be tested among higher Education Institution (HEI) users for future research in Indonesia..
Pengaruh Sinbiotik terhadap Penurunan Kadar C-Reactive Protein Serum Pasca operasi pada Anak Appendisitis Komplikata
Authors: Indriasari Vita , Nawas Bustanul Arifin , Kusmayadi Dikki Drajat , Diposarosa Rizki 
Published: January 2021

Background. Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen in children. Complicated appendicitis due to perforation associated with high morbidity. Several perioperative conditions fascilitated systemic inflammation and postoperative infectious complication. Synbiotic has a potential effect on reducing inflammatory response which reflected with lower serum c-reactive protein (CRP) level, so that the infectious complication could be avoided.
Aim.This study aimed to observe the effect of synbiotic on postoperative serum CRP level reduction in children with complicated appendicitis.
Method. A randomized double blind study was done in 26 children with com- plicated appendicitis. The subjects were divided into synbiotic and placebo groups. Synbiotic was given 1 time preoperatively and continued 5 days afer surgery. Serum CRP level were examined preoperatively (CRP 0), postoperative day 1 (CRP 1), and 6 (CRP 6). Statistical analysis was done with Independent-t test (p<0,05 considered significan)t.
Result. The mean age of the patients was 9,85 years. The onset of abdominal pain was 3,92 days. The mean reduction of CRP 0 –CRP 6 between synbiotic and placebo group was 65,21% ± 31,37 SD vs 78,29% ± 12,39 SD, p=0,073; and the mean reduction of CRP 1–CRP 6 was 73,54% ± 22,04 vs 74,56% ±17,58, p=0,897. Wound infection was lower in synbiotic group (7,69% vs 38,46%).
Conclusion. There was no difference in postoperative serum CRP level reduction between synbiotic therapy and placebo in children with compli- cated appendicitis
Efektivitas Revaskularisasi Endovaskuler pada Pasien Penyakit Arteri Perifer Berdasarkan Nilai Ankle Brachial Index
Authors: Putra Ariefa Adha , Jayadi Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Pendahuluan. Efektivitas Revaskularisasi dapat dievaluasi melalui penilaian ABI sebelum dan sesudah Revaskularisasi endovaskuler.
Tujuan. Menilai efektivitas Revaskularisasi en- dovaskuler berdasarkan nilai ABI.
Metode. Dilakukan pencarian penelitian yang dipublikasikan di MEDLINE (pubmed) menggunakan kata kunci Revaskularisasi endovaskuler, efektivitas Revaskularisasi, evaluasi setelah Revaskularisasi. Penelitian yang diambil memiliki kriteria inklusi, penelitian dengan bahasa Inggris dengan nilai ABI sebelum dan sesudah tindakan Revaskularisasi endovaskuler. Kemudian dilakukan analisis sistematik dengan pendekatan kual- itatif untuk merangkum hasil penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif. Tindakan Revaskularisasi yang dilakukan pada seluruh artikel berupa PTA dan stenting.
Hasil: Terdapat 11 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dilakukan analisis sistematik. Didapatkan peningkatan nilai ABI diatas 0,1 pada keseluruhan artikel setelah dilakukan Revaskularisasi endovaskuler. Peningkatan nilai ABI tertinggi 0,47 dan terendah 0,13.
Kesimpulan. Peningkatan ABI di atas 0,1 setelah Revaskularisasi merupakan dasar penilaian keberhasilan Revaskularisasi. Tindakan Revaskularisasi endovaskuler efektif untuk tatalaksana penyakit arteri perifer.
Emerging Female Voices and Child Marriage Reforms in Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Sharma Manish 
Published: January 2021

Age long custom of Child Marriage could not be challenged in nineteenth century because neither reformer did have shastric evidences nor organized female voice opposed it, except sporadic cases. The main argument of this paper is that the first half of Twentieth century witnessed active participation of organized women of India, which raised their questions themselves and determined the enactment of the Child Marriage Restraint Act in 1929. Simultaneously, this paper also aims to contradict an idea that towards the end of Nineteenth century women’s question was disappeared from agenda of public debates. I have used Government of India official papers, journals, contemporary books both in Hindi and English.
COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS LIGNOCAINE VS NALBUPHINE IN ATTENUATION OF HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO AWAKE TRACHEAL EXTUBATION IN ENT SURGERIES
Authors: Ali Liaquat , Akhter Amim , Saeed Muhammad , Khalid Usman , Rehmani Jawad 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare intravenous lignocaine vs. intravenous nalbuphine in terms of mean change in heart rate and mean arterial pressures (MAP) during awake tracheal extubation.
Study Design: Randomized control trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Main Operation Theatre, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from May 2016to Dec 2016.
Methodology: After approval of the study by the institution’s research ethics committee, the patients meetinginclusion criteria were assigned randomly to one of the two groups by lottery method. On return of spontaneous ventilation, patients in group L received intravenous lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg while group N patients received intravenous Nalbuphine 0.2mg/kg. Data recorded immediately (T1) and 5min after (T2) extubation.
Results: After stratification of data in terms of age, gender, duration of surgery and ASA classification, evaluation of hemodynamic parameters (HR and MAP) between the two groups was done. The mean change in HR in group L was 6.66 ± 1.53 bpm and in group N was 4.43 ± 1.35. The mean change in MAP in group L was 4.90 ± 1.49 mm of Hg and in group N was 3.23 ± 1.33. p-value in both parameters was found to be less than 0.05 and thus declared significant.Conclusion: We concluded that intravenous nalbuphine, in the dose of 0.2mg/kg, is a better attenuator ofhemodynamic response to extubation as compared to intravenous lignocaine and provides better stability ofHeart rate and Mean arterial Pressure.
IMPACT OF TIMING OF RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY INITIATION ON OUTCOME OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN SEPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Hashmi Madiha , Sohaib Muhammad , Ahmed Zahoor , Salman Muhammad , Raza Syed Amir 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To identify whether the timing of initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy affects outcome in septic patients with acute kidney injury in term of 28 days mortality.
Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted at department of Anaesthesiology and critical careunit of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from Oct 2018 to Jun 2019.
Methodology: The study reviewed all adult patients aged >18 years who developed acute kidney injury afterseptic shock and required continuous renal replacement therapy in surgical intensive care unit. Considering thevalue of blood urea nitrogen, patients were classified into two groups. One was in early group that‟s was defined as blood urea nitrogen value of <100 mg/dl just before continuous renal replacement therapy initiation while the patients who have blood urea nitrogen value of ≥100 mg/dl just prior to continuous renal replacement therapy initiation were classified as late group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and median survival was computed.
Results: Forty patients were included for analysis. There were thirty patients (75%) in early group in whomcontinuous renal replacement therapy was started with mean blood urea nitrogen of 66 ± 20.2 mg/dL and 10(25%) patients were in late group with mean blood urea nitrogen of 137 ± 28.4 mg/dL. The overall survival ratesin both groups were 49.6%, and 10.4% at 10 and 25 days, respectively. Median survival time was not statisticallysignificant between early and late continuous renal replacement...........
SIMULATION BASED TRAINING IMPROVES LAPAROSCOPIC SURGICAL SKILLS IN TRAINEE SURGEONS
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Razaque , Khaliq Tanwir 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the impact of laparoscopic simulation training on surgical skills of trainee surgeons.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, for one month October 2019.
Methodology: Total thirty surgical trainees of FCPS year four (R4) were studied. The cases group (fifteen trainees) were given one month laparoscopy training on a LAP Simulator (LAPSim), surgical science Sweden) and the control group (fifteen trainees) were not trained. Their laparoscopic skills were then compared. Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) specific and general was used to assess their performance. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS-23.
Results: On LAP Sim Scoring, post-test scores were significantly better than pre-test for all skills in the trainedresidents (p<0.01 for all subscales) and total post-test score was also significantly better for trained surgeonsas compared to untrained (77.45 ± 7.78 vs. 31.70 ± 2.48; p<0.01). On Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills for specific tasks, post-test scores were significantly better than pre-test for all tasks in the cases (p<0.01 for all subscales) and for none in the controls. On Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills general, posttest scores were significantly better than pre-test for all tasks in the cases (p<0.01 for all subscales) and for clip application (p<0.01) and suturing with intracorporeal knot tying (p<0.01) in the controls.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated significantly improved levels of performance for all skill sets for novicesurgical residents trained on LAP Sim for minimally invasive surgical procedures.
RECONSTRUCTION OF NASAL ALA DEFECTS USING THREE STAGED FOLDED FOREHEAD FLAP: AESTHETIC AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Ali Ghazanfar , Tahir Moizza , Raza Maqbool , Almas Danish , Majid Abdul , Khan Yasser Saeed 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess short and long term aesthetic and functional outcomes of nasal ala reconstruction by three staged folded forehead flap.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Combined Military HospitalBahawalpur and Quetta, from Dec 2014 to Dec 2018.
Methodology: Total of 29 patients were enrolled through consecutive sampling technique. Nasal ala defects were reconstructed by three staged frontal forehead flap under general anesthesia. Follow up visit at 2 weeks bleeding, wound Infection, partial skin graft loss and partial flap necrosis was documented. Follow up at 24 weeks, functional outcome of nasal reconstruction was assessed by history and clinical examination for nasal obstruction and/or crusting. Patients’ subjective satisfaction about aesthetic outcome of nasal reconstruction was documented on 5 point likert scale. Objective aesthetic assessment of reconstruction was done on 2D photograph by two independent surgeons.
Results: Twenty six (89.66%) males and 3 (10.34%) females participated in study. The mean age was 35 yearsrange 16 to 64 years. Follow up at two weeks revealed postoperative bleeding in 2 (6.8%), wound infection in 1(3.4%) and partial flap loss in 1 (3.4%) patient. At 24 weeks follow up all patients had patent nasal ala. Subjectiveand objective assessment of nose shape was documented.
Conclusion: Use of three staged folded forehead flapis useful method of reconstruction for full thickness defects of nasal alaewith good functional and aesthetic outcome.
MOTHER’S KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ORAL HEALTH PRACTICES AND RISK FACTORS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR CHILDREN IN THE TWIN CITIES OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Mustafa Laila , Masood Amna , Bangash Madeeha , Rashid Sahd , Khan Kamran , Zahid Shahreen 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To analyze the way mothers perceive oral health in their children, the importance of oral health amongst children, so that preventive advice and regime can be tailored accordingly and reinforced during the pandemic.
Study Design: Questionnaire base survey.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the various sectors of the twin cities of Pakistan, from May to Sep 2020.
Methodology: This study was a questionnaire-based study in which survey forms were distributed online as well as in person among mothers above 18 years of age. A questionnaire was formulated and distributed amongst different areas and sectors of the twin cities in Pakistan. The data was analyzed quantitatively and entered in SPSS version 23 for analysis.
Results: Mothers from various socioeconomic backgrounds had dissimilar knowledge with regards to oral health. There was a greater gap in the knowledge of mothers from low and high socioeconomic status as compared to middle and high.
Conclusion: It is imperative that knowledge regarding oral health practices, preventive measures, risk factors of oral diseases should be imparted equally in the various socioeconomic areas of the country. Also, a widespread oral health plan to indoctrinate preventive knowledge as well as basic knowledge of oral health practices is strongly recommended.
DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PARENTAL EXPRESSED EMOTIONS SCALE
Authors: Akhtar Shammem , Bano Zaqia 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To construct a scale and psychometric properties for the assessment of Parental expressed emotions scale in Urdu language.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, from Mar to Oct 2019.
Methodology: The initial item pool of 224 items was generated with the help of CFI (Camber well Family Interview description of parental expressed emotions scale, literature review and three focus groups with target population. Among the 124 expert evaluated items after pilot study 100 items were retained which included the five dimensions of parental expressed emotions scale including, Criticalcomments, Hostility, Emotional overinvolvement, Warmth and Positive remarks. Furthermore, in the final administration of this scales data were collected from 380 parents (both mothers & fathers) from the educational institutions and community of Gujrat using self-reported questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability analysis were implied for data scrutiny.
Results: The final administration of 100 items was handed over to 380 participants. The model fit showed a p-value of 0.000 that established the structure validity and significance of the items to its subscales. At the final stage among the 100 items 31 were reliable for further use.
Conclusion: A scale to measure parental expressed emotions in Urdu language is competently established with 31 questions andfive sub-scales.
ROLE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A UNAMID EXPERIENCE
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad Tahsin , Taqi Irum , Taqi Amberin , Sarwar Hassan Junaid 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound findings as compared to operative findings and positive predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Field Hospital – 7 (Level III) United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) Darfur, Sudan, from Mar 2015 to Mar 2016.
Methodology: All patients presenting with clinically suspected acute appendicitis (Alvarado’s score >4) were referred for right lower quadrant sonography. Three point scale was used to grade sonographic findings ranging from grade 1 to grade 3. Fifty One patients with persistent symptoms and/or positive sonographic findings were operated. Operative findings were also graded on a 3 point scale. Subsequently, sonographic and operative findings were compared. Surgical findings were considered gold standard to assess diagnostic accuracy of sonography.
Results: Out of 51 patients 46 (90.2%) were males and 5 (9.8%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 32.3 ± 7.3 years. Among the study subjects, 15 (29.4%) patients were from Nigeria followed by 12 (23.5%) from Pakistan, 7 (13.7%) from Egypt and 17 (33.5%) from other countries.The sonographic findings were detected positive for acute appendicitis in 40 (78.4%) and negative in 11 (21.6%) out of 51. All Fifty-one patients underwent surgery. The surgical findings were positive for appendicitis in 43 patients (84.3%). Four patients with negative sonographic findings did have acute appendicitis according to surgical findings. The positive predictive value was 90.9%. There was good agreement between sonographicfindings and surgical findings..........
Güzelliğin Ontolojisine Dair
Authors: KARADEMİR Fevzi 
Published: January 2021

Din, felsefe, sanat gibi disiplinlerin, üzerinde önemle durduğu konularından biri de güzelliktir. Güzellik, evren kompozisyonuna ilişkin bir kavram olduğundan evrenin hakikat ve hikmetine dair görüşler farklılaştıkça güzellik kavramına ilişkin izahlar da farklılaşmıştır.
Bu çalışmada doküman incelemesi yoluyla ulaşılan verilerden hareketle ana hatları ile güzelliğin ontolojisi ele alınmıştır. Önce genel Türkçe sözlüklerindeki anlamlarından hareketle güzelliğin kavramsal çerçevesine işaret edilmiş, daha sonra konu ile ilgili farklı görüşler ışığında güzelliğin estetikle ilişkisi, güzelliğin hakikati, güzelliğin hikmeti ve güzelliğin gizlenişi konuları üzerinde durulmuştur.
Ulaşılan veriler ışığında, mahiyetine ilişkin görüşler farklı olsa da güzelliğin bir hakikat olduğu, evrendeki güzelliklerin hikmetine ilişkin ileri sürülen Darwinist ve Marksist görüşlerin mantıklı gerekçelere dayanmadığı belirtilmiş; bu güzellikleri şuursuz tabiat ve tesadüfe veya insana atfetmenin izahının kolay olmadığı, güzelliklerin arkasında mutlak bir şuur ve iradenin bir zorunluluk olarak kendini gösterdiği vurgulanmıştır.