bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Loiko Valeriia , Pozdieieva Kateryna , Maliar Stanislav 
Published: May 2021

У статті досліджено теоретико-методичні засади та проблеми функціонування механізму фінансування закладів загальної середньої освіти України. Досліджено, що світові видатки на освіту досягають 900 млрд. дол., що в свою чергу складає 3 % світового ВВП. Визначено, що фінансування освіти здійснюється в країнах світу з різних джерел. В країнах ЄС, США та Південної Кореї фінансування освіти здійснюється за рахунок державного бюджету. У постсоціалістичних країнах із-за падіння ВВП скоротилися видатки на освітню галузь. Тому в цих країнах переважає змішана система фінансування роботи освітніх закладів. Проаналізовано динаміку Зведено бюджету України та видатків на освіту за період 2014-2019 рр. Встановлено, що питома вага видатків на освіту у загальному обсязі Зведеного державного бюджету зменшилась за період 2014-2019 рр. на 19,22 %. Проведено аналіз динаміки кількісних показників по закладах загальної середньої освіти України за період 1990/91 – 2019/20 рр. Зроблено висновок, що кількість закладів загальної середньої освіти України зменшилось на 30,27 %, кількість учнів зменшилась на 41,07 %, кількість вчителів зменшилась на 18,06 %. Досліджено динаміку кількісних показників по закладах загальної середньої освіти міста Києва за період 1995/96 – 2019/20 рр. Зроблено висновок, що кількість закладів загальної середньої освіти міста Києва за досліджуваний період зросла у 1,34 рази, кількість учнів зменшилась на 10,06 %, кількість вчителів зросла на 5,86 %. Доведено, що в основі визначення обсягів фінансування лежить принцип «від досягнутого рівня». Обґрунтована доцільність вдосконалення механізму фінансування закладів загальної середньої освіти в Україні на основі використання зарубіжного досвіду, а саме, впровадження фінансових відносин на принципах концепції субсидарності.
The Fin-de-Siècle Scottish Revival
Authors: Shaw Michael 
Published: May 2021

As the Irish Revival took shape and the Home Rule debate dominated UK politics, what was happening in Scotland? This book reveals distinct but comparable concerns with cultural defence and revivalism in fin-de-siècle Scotland, evident in the work of a number of writers and artists including Robert Louis Stevenson, Patrick Geddes, Fiona Macleod, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Mona Caird, Arthur Conan Doyle, John Duncan and various contributors to The Evergreen. Situating Scottish literature and art alongside international developments in culture, especially the rise of decadence, symbolism and Celticism, the book demonstrates the ways in which dissident fin-de-siècle styles and ideas supported and defined the Scottish Revival.
Diagnostic Biomarker Hsa_circ_0126218 and Functioning Prediction in Peripheral Blood Monocular Cells of Female Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Bu Tianyi , Qiao Zhengxue , Wang Wenbo , Yang Xiuxian , Zhou Jiawei , Chen Lu , Yang Jiarun , Xu Jia , Ji Yanping , Wang Yini , Zhang Wenxin , Yang Yanjie , Qiu Xiaohui , Yu Yunmiao 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionAlthough major depressive diroder (MDD) has brought huge burden and challenges to society globally, effective and accurate diagnoses and treatments remain inadequate. The pathogenesis that for women are more likely to suffer from depression than men needs to be excavated as well. The function of circRNAs in pathological process of depression has not been widely investigated. This study aims to explore potential diagnostic biomarker circRNA of female patients with MDD and to investigate its role in pathogenesis.MethodsFirst, an expression profile of circRNAs in the peripheral blood monocular cells of MDD patients and healthy peripherals were established based on high-throughput sequencing analysis. In addition, the top 10 differentially expressed circRNAs were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR to explore diagnostic biomarkers. To further investigate the function of biomarkers in the pathogenesis of MDD, bioinformatics analysis on downstream target genes of the biomarkers was carried out.ResultsThere is a mass of dysregulated circRNAs in PBMCs between female MDD patients and healthy controls. Among the top 10 differentially expressed circRNAs, hsa_circ_0126218 is more feasible as a diagnostic biomarker. The expression level of hsa_circ_0126218 displayed upregulation in patients with MDD and the area under the operating characteristic curve of hsa_circ_0126218 was 0.801 (95% CI 0.7226–0.8791, p &lt; 0.0001). To explain the competing endogenous RNA role of hsa_circ_0126218 in the pathogenesis of female MDD, a hsa_circ_0126218-miRNA-mRNA network was established. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses stated that some of the enriched pathways downstream of hsa_circ_0126218 are closely related to MDD. Moreover, we established a protein-protein network to further screen out the hub genes (PIK3CA, PTEN, MAPK1, CDC42, Lyn, YES1, EPHB2, SMAD2, STAT1, and ILK). The function of hsa_circ_0126218 was refined by constructing a verified circRNA-predicted miRNA-hub gene subnetwork.Conclusionhsa_circ_0126218 can be considered as a new female MDD biomarker, and the pathogenesis of female MDD by the downstream regulation of hsa_circ_0126218 has been predicted. These findings may help further improve the early detection, effective diagnosis, convenient monitoring of complications, precise treatment, and timely recurrence prevention of depression.
The Value of Blood Urea Nitrogen in the Prediction of Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in an Older Population
Authors: Lan Qin , Zheng Liang , Zhou Xiaohui , Wu Hong , Buys Nicholas , Liu Zhongmin , Sun Jing , Fan Huimin 
Published: May 2021

Background: High blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with cardiac disease risks. However, no study has explored whether BUN can predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the healthy older population. This study aims to explore the incidence and risk factors of CVD among a healthy older population community in China.Design and Methods: This study was designed as a cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. We recruited 5,000 older people among 137,625 residents of the Gaohang community. In the baseline, subjects were asked to participate in medical screening and biological tests, and answered survey questions. During the follow-up period (2014–2017), the researchers regularly tested the subjects' indicators and assessment scales. We monitored the occurrence of CVD and explored the relationship between BUN and CVD via a Cox regression analysis.Results: During the follow-up, subjects were newly diagnosed with CVD including heart failure (HF), heart disease events, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and kidney disease. The Cox regression analysis found an association between baseline BUN and incident CVD in female subjects, with higher BUN associated with increased risk of AF in females and kidney disease in both male and females. No association was found between BUN and CVD in male subjects.Conclusions: Current results indicate that BUN is a valuable predictive biomarker of CVD. A higher BUN level (&gt;13.51 mg/dL) is associated with an increased occurrence of HF but a decreased occurrence of diabetes and metabolic symptoms in normal older females.
Regulatory T Cell-Related Gene Biomarkers in the Deterioration of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Xia Meng , Wu Qingmeng , Chen Pengfei , Qian Cheng 
Published: May 2021

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have shown to be protective against the development of atherosclerosis, a major pathological cause for cardiovascular events. Here, we aim to explore the roles of Tregs-related genes in atherosclerosis deterioration.Methods and Results: We downloaded the gene expression profile of 29 atherosclerotic samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database with an accession number of GSE28829. The abundance of Tregs estimated by the CIBERSORT algorithm was negatively correlated with the atherosclerotic stage. Using the limma test and correlation analysis, a total of 159 differentially expressed Tregs-related genes (DETregRGs) between early and advanced atherosclerotic plaques were documented. Functional annotation analysis using the DAVID tool indicated that the DETregRGs were mainly enriched in inflammatory responses, immune-related mechanisms, and pathways such as complement and coagulation cascades, platelet activation, leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and so on. A protein-protein interaction network of the DETregRGs was then constructed, and five hub genes (PTPRC, C3AR1, CD53, TLR2, and CCR1) were derived from the network with node degrees ≥20. The expression patterns of these hub DETregRGs were further validated in several independent datasets. Finally, a single sample scoring method was used to build a gene signature for the five DETregRGs, which could distinguish patients with myocardial infarction from those with stable coronary disease.Conclusion: The results of this study will improve our understanding about the Tregs-associated molecular mechanisms in the progression of atherosclerosis and facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers for acute cardiovascular events.
The Relationship of Dehydration and Body Mass Index With the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Chuda Anna , Kaszkowiak Marcin , Banach Maciej , Maciejewski Marek , Bielecka-Dabrowa Agata 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of dehydration, body mass index (BMI) and other indices with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) patients.Methods: The study included 113 patients [median age 64 years; 57.52% male] hospitalized due to HF. Baseline demographics, body mass analysis, echocardiographic results, key cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameters, 6 min walk distance (6MWD) and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score were assessed.Results: Of all patients, 23 (20.35%) had AF, and 90 (79.65%) had sinus rhythm (SR). Patients with AF were older (med. 66 vs. 64 years; p = 0.039), with higher BMI (32.02 vs. 28.51 kg/m2; p = 0.017) and percentage of fat content (37.0 vs. 27.9%, p = 0.014). They were more dehydrated, with a lower percentage of total body water (TBW%) (45.7 vs. 50.0%; p = 0.022). Clinically, patients with AF had more often higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (III vs. II; p &lt; 0.001), shorter 6MWD (median 292.35 vs. 378.4 m; p = 0.001) and a lower KCCQ overall summary score (52.60 vs. 73.96 points; p = 0.002). Patients with AF had significantly lower exercise capacity as measured by peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) (0.92 vs. 1.26 mL/min, p = 0.016), peak VO2/kg (11 vs. 15 mL/kg/min; p &lt; 0.001), and percentage of predicted VO2max (pp-peak VO2) (62.5 vs 70.0; p=0.010). We also found VE/VCO2 (med. 33.85 vs. 32.20; p = 0.049) to be higher and peak oxygen pulse (8.5 vs. 11 mL/beat; p = 0.038) to be lower in patients with AF than in patients without AF. In a multiple logistic regression model higher BMI (OR 1.23 per unit increase, p &lt; 0.001) and higher left atrial volume index (LAVI) (OR 1.07 per unit increase, p = 0.03), lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (OR 0.74 per unit increase, p =0.03) and lower TBW% in body mass analysis (OR 0.90 per unit increase, p =0.03) were independently related to AF in patients with HF.Conclusion: Increased volume of left atrium and right ventricular systolic dysfunction are well-known predictors of AF occurrence in patients with HF, but hydration status and increased body mass also seem to be important factors of AF in HF patients.
Levothyroxine Treatment and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older People With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Pooled Individual Results of Two Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Zijlstra Laurien E. , Jukema J. Wouter , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Du Puy Robert S. , Poortvliet Rosalinde K. E. , Kearney Patricia M. , O’Keeffe Linda , Dekkers Olaf M. , Blum Manuel R. , Rodondi Nicolas , Collet Tinh-Hai , Quinn Terence J. , Sattar Naveed , Stott David J. , Trompet Stella , den Elzen Wendy P. J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe cardiovascular effects of treating older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are uncertain. Although concerns have been raised regarding a potential increase in cardiovascular side effects from thyroid hormone replacement, undertreatment may also increase the risk of cardiovascular events, especially for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectiveTo determine the effects of levothyroxine treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in older adults with SCH.MethodsCombined data of two parallel randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials TRUST (Thyroid hormone Replacement for Untreated older adults with Subclinical hypothyroidism – a randomised placebo controlled Trial) and IEMO80+ (the Institute for Evidence-Based Medicine in Old Age 80-plus thyroid trial) were analysed as one-stage individual participant data. Participants aged ≥65 years for TRUST (n=737) and ≥80 years for IEMO80+ (n=105) with SCH, defined by elevated TSH with fT4 within the reference range, were included. Participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or levothyroxine, with titration of the dose until TSH level was within the reference range. Cardiovascular events and cardiovascular side effects of overtreatment (new-onset atrial fibrillation and heart failure) were investigated, including stratified analyses according to CVD history and age.ResultsThe median [IQR] age was 75.0 [69.7–81.1] years, and 448 participants (53.2%) were women. The mean TSH was 6.38± SD 5.7 mIU/L at baseline and decreased at 1 year to 5.66 ± 3.3 mIU/L in the placebo group, compared with 3.66 ± 2.1 mIU/L in the levothyroxine group (p&lt;0.001), at a median dose of 50 μg. Levothyroxine did not significantly change the risk of any of the prespecified cardiovascular outcomes, including cardiovascular events (HR 0.74 [0.41–1.25]), atrial fibrillation (HR 0.69 [0.32–1.52]), or heart failure (0.41 [0.13–1.35]), or all-cause mortality (HR 1.28 [0.54–3.03]), irrespective of history of CVD and age.ConclusionTreatment with levothyroxine did not significantly change the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism, irrespective of a history of cardiovascular disease and age.Clinical Trial Registration
[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT01660126] (TRUST); Netherlands Trial Register: NTR3851 (IEMO80+).
Rituximab Therapy for Primary Membranous Nephropathy in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Gao Shuang , Cui Zhao , Wang Xin , Zhang Yi-miao , Wang Fang , Cheng Xu-yang , Meng Li-qiang , Zhou Fu-de , Liu Gang , Zhao Ming-hui 
Published: May 2021

Background: Rituximab has become one of the first-line therapies for the treatment of moderate and high-risk primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). We retrospectively reviewed 95 patients with pMN who received rituximab therapy and focused on the therapeutic effects and safety of this therapy in a Chinese cohort.Methods: Ninety-five consecutive patients with pMN diagnosed by kidney biopsy received rituximab and were followed up for &gt;6 months. Four weekly doses of rituximab (375 mg/m2) was adopted as the initial administration. Repeated single infusions were administrated to maintain B cell depletion levels of &lt;5 cells/mL.Results: A total of 91 patients completed rituximab therapy with the total dose of 2.4 (2.0, 3.0) g; 64/78 (82.1%) patients achieved anti-PLA2R antibody depletion in 6.0 (1.0, 12.0) months; 53/91 (58.2%) patients achieved clinical remission in 12.0 (6.0, 24.0) months, including complete remission in 18.7% of patients and partial remission in 39.6% of patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that severe proteinuria (OR = 1.22, P = 0.006) and the persistent positivity of anti-PLA2R antibodies (OR = 9.00, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for no-remission. The remission rate of rituximab as an initial therapy was higher than rituximab as an alternative therapy (73.1 vs. 52.3%, P = 0.038). Lastly, 45 adverse events occurred in 37 patients, but only one patient withdrew from treatment due to severe pulmonary infection.Conclusion: Rituximab is a safe and effective treatment option for Chinese patients with pMN, especially as an initial therapy.
Atherosclerosis and Bone Loss in Humans–Results From Deceased Donors and From Patients Submitted to Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Carmona-Fernandes Diana , Barreira Sofia C. , Leonardo Natacha , Casimiro Renata I. , Castro Alice M. , Santos Pedro Oliveira , Fernandes António N. , Cortes-Figueiredo Filipe , Gonçalves Carolina A. , Cruz Rafael , Fernandes Mariana L. , Ivo Margarida , Pedro Luis M. , Canhão Helena , Fonseca João Eurico , Santos Maria José 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share common risk factors, as well as inflammatory mechanisms. Our aim was to understand how atherosclerotic lesions are related with disturbances in bone.Methods: Gene expression of pro-inflammatory and bone metabolism related proteins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF, RANKL, OPG, COL1, CTSK, OCL, TRAP, CBFA1, DKK1, SOST, ADIPOQ, and ADIPOR1) were analyzed in arteries and bones from 45 deceased donors and adipose tissue was used as control. Additionally, in 139 patients with advanced atherosclerosis submitted to carotid endarterectomy we compared calcium content (Alizarin red) and plaque inflammatory scores (CD3+, CD68+, and adiponectin) of patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD) with those with low BMD and explored the associations between gene expression in atherosclerotic plaques and BMD. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory and bone related proteins were measured both in donors and patients. Associations were investigated by the Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and multivariate regression analyzes were performed when justified.Results: Gene expression of bone remodeling and pro-inflammatory proteins correlated positively in bone and aorta, independently of age and sex of donors, but not in adipose tissue. The expression of bone formation genes was significantly higher in atheroma plaques from endarterectomized patients with normal vs. low BMD as well as inflammatory CD68+ scores, regardless of patients' age and sex, but not of body mass index. No relationship was observed between serum levels and gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory or bone remodeling proteins.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the relationship between bones and vessels in the context of atherosclerotic disease and osteoporosis may rely on the intrinsic connection between the tissues involved, independently of disease stage. Serum measurements of pro-inflammatory and bone-remodeling proteins do not accurately translate tissue pathologic processes.
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Association With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Community-Dwelling Asian Population
Authors: Chung Seung Min , Moon Jun Sung , Chang Min Cheol 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Sarcopenia is a major disease affecting mortality and quality of life in the elderly population. We performed a meta-analysis of studies on the community-dwelling population to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with diabetes.Methods: Databases were searched for studies published up to February 3, 2021, reporting the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with and without diabetes. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results: Six articles were included in the systematic review. All the patients were Asian, aged ≥60 years (women 53.4%), and the diabetic and non-diabetic population was 1,537 and 5,485, respectively. In all six studies, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria were used to diagnose sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.9% in diabetics and 10.8% in non-diabetics. Diabetics showed a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia than non-diabetics (pooled OR = 1.518, 95% CI = 1.110 to 2.076, Z-value = 2.611, p = 0.009).Conclusion: Among the Asian community-dwelling geriatric population, the prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics. These results suggest that strategies for the management of sarcopenia are required in Asian elderly patients, especially with diabetes.
Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics of Candida auris Infection Worldwide From 2009 to 2020
Authors: Hu Shan , Zhu Feilong , Jiang Weiwei , Wang Yuehua , Quan Yongqiang , Zhang Guoming , Gu Feng , Yang Ying 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionCandida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus that may cause infections with a high mortality rate. The first case of C. auris infection was reported in 2009 and infections have been reported in 44 countries. The fungus now represents a major global public health threat. We analyzed cases from the emergence of C. auris infections up until the end of 2020. It is hoped that the results of this analysis will raise awareness in scientists to promote protection and control research pertaining to this pathogen.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for all papers related to C. auris infections up until December 31, 2020. We sorted and organized these data into the following categories: date of publication, patient age and sex, underlying diseases, risk factors for infection, patient mortality information, drug sensitivity information of C. auris isolates, and genetic classification. The χ2 test was used to screen for factors that may affect patient mortality.ResultsA total of 912 patients were included in the analysis. There’s a higher proportion of men and a high proportion of patients were premature babies and elderly people. The proportions of patients with underlying diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, trauma, and ear disease were also high. More than half of patients had a history of central venous catheter use and a history of broad-spectrum antibiotic use. The χ2 test revealed that only kidney disease (P &lt; 0.05) was an important risk factor for mortality in C. auris-infected patients.ConclusionsA comprehensive understanding of C. auris was achieved following this retrospective analysis, including the characteristics of C. auris-infected patients. In recent years, increasing numbers of multidrug-resistant C. auris isolates have been identified, and the high mortality rates associated with infection merit greater attention from the medical world.
Modulating Enzyme Function via Dynamic Allostery within Biliverdin Reductase B
Authors: Redzic Jasmina S. , Duff Michael R. , Blue Ashley , Pitts Todd M. , Agarwal Pratul , Eisenmesser Elan Zohar 
Published: May 2021

The biliverdin reductase B (BLVRB) class of enzymes catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of multiple flavin substrates and are emerging as critical players in cellular redox regulation. However, the role of dynamics and allostery have not been addressed, prompting studies here that have revealed a position 15 Å away from the active site within human BLVRB (T164) that is inherently dynamic and can be mutated to control global micro-millisecond motions and function. By comparing the inherent dynamics through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation approaches of evolutionarily distinct BLVRB homologues and by applying our previously developed Relaxation And Single Site Multiple Mutations (RASSMM) approach that monitors both the functional and dynamic effects of multiple mutations to the single T164 site, we have discovered that the most dramatic mutagenic effects coincide with evolutionary changes and these modulate coenzyme binding. Thus, evolutionarily changing sites distal to the active site serve as dynamic “dials” to globally modulate motions and function. Despite the distal dynamic and functional coupling modulated by this site, micro-millisecond motions span an order of magnitude in their apparent kinetic rates of motions. Thus, global dynamics within BLVRB are a collection of partially coupled motions tied to catalytic function.