bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Early Trauma and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among Black Americans
Authors: Islam Shabatun J. , Hwan Kim Jeong , Joseph Emma , Topel Matthew , Baltrus Peter , Liu Chang , Ko Yi-An , Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Mujahid Mahasin S. , Sims Mario , Mubasher Mohamed , Ejaz Kiran , Searles Charles , Dunbar Sandra B. , Pemu Priscilla , Taylor Herman , Bremner J. Douglas , Vaccarino Viola , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Lewis Tené T. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Early trauma (general, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse before age 18 years) has been associated with both cardiovascular disease risk and lifestyle-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. Despite higher prevalence, the association between early trauma and cardiovascular health (CVH) has been understudied in Black Americans, especially those from low-income backgrounds, who may be doubly vulnerable. Therefore, we investigated the association between early trauma and CVH, particularly among low-income Black Americans.

Methods:
We recruited 457 Black adults (age 53±10, 38% male) without known cardiovascular disease from the Atlanta, GA, metropolitan area using personalized, community-based recruitment methods. The Early Trauma Inventory was administered to assess overall early traumatic life experiences which include physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and general trauma. Our primary outcome was the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7, which is a set of 7 CVH metrics, including 4 lifestyle-related factors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet) and three physiologically measured health factors (blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, and blood glucose). We used linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and depression to test the association between early trauma and CVH and tested the early trauma by household income (<$50 000) interaction.

Results:

Higher levels of early trauma were associated with lower Life’s Simple 7 scores (β, −0.05 [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.01],
P
=0.02, per 1 unit increase in the Early Trauma Inventory score) among lower, but not higher, income Black participants (
P
value for interaction=0.04). Subtypes of early trauma linked to Life’s Simple 7 were general trauma, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that early trauma was only associated with the body mass index and smoking components of Life’s Simple 7.

Conclusions:
Early trauma, including general trauma, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse, may be associated with worse CVH among low-, but not higher-income Black adults.
Measuring Commuting and Economic Activity inside Cities with Cell Phone Records
Authors: Kreindler Gabriel E. , Miyauchi Yuhei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We show how to use commuting flows to infer the spatial distribution of income within a city. A simple workplace choice model predicts a gravity equation for commuting flows whose destination fixed effects correspond to wages. We implement this method with cell phone transaction data from Dhaka and Colombo. Model-predicted income predicts separate income data, at the workplace and residential level, and by skill group. Unlike machine learning approaches, our method does not require training data, yet it achieves comparable predictive power. We show that hartals (transportation strikes) in Dhaka reduce commuting more for high model-predicted wage and high skill commuters.
Decomposing the Wedge between Projected and Realized Returns in Energy Efficiency Programs
Authors: Christensen Peter , Francisco Paul , Myers Erica , Souza Mateus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvaluations of energy efficiency programs reveal that realized savings consistently fall short of projections. We decompose this “performance wedge” using data from the Illinois Home Weatherization Assistance Program (IHWAP) and a machine learning-based event study research design. We find that bias in engineering models can account for up to 41% of the wedge, primarily from overestimated savings in wall insulation. Heterogeneity in workmanship can also account for a large fraction (43%) of the wedge, while the rebound effect can explain only 6%. We find substantial heterogeneity in energy-related benefits from IHWAP projects, suggesting opportunities for better targeting of investments.
Relaxed Optimization: How Close Is a Consumer to Satisfying First-Order Conditions?
Authors: de Clippel Geoffroy , Rozen Kareen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We propose relaxing the first-order conditions in optimization to approximate rational consumer choice. We assess the magnitude of departures with a new, axiomatically founded measure that admits multiple interpretations. Standard inequality tests of rationality for any given reference class of preferences can be conveniently repurposed to measure goodness-of-fit with that class. Another advantage of our approach is that it is applicable in any context where the first-order approach is meaningful (e.g., convex budget sets arising from progressive taxation). We apply these ideas to shed new light on existing portfolio-choice data.
The Economic Consequences of Political Hierarchy: Evidence from Regime Changes in China, 1000-2000 C.E.
Authors: Bai Ying , Jia Ruixue 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study how political hierarchy shapes regional development in China, using variations driven by regime changes during the 1000–2000 period. We find that changes in the status of the provincial capital led to the rise and decline of different prefectures as measured by population and urbanization. Two other novel findings stand out: (1) the economic advantages of the provincial capitals did not persist if they lost their political status, and (2) political hierarchy shaped economic development not only through public employment but also through the development of important infrastructure, such as transportation networks. Our findings highlight the importance of politics in determining the locations of economic activities.
The Distribution of Households' Indebtedness and the Transmission of Monetary Policy
Authors: Cumming Fergus , Hubert Paul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate whether the dynamic response of aggregate consumption to monetary policy depends on the distribution of household debt relative to income. Using U.K. loan-level microdata, we propose a novel approach to isolate the fraction of households with a limited ability to smooth consumption. By exploiting time and cross-sectional variation, we show that consumption responds more to monetary policy when the share of highly indebted households is large, but find no state contingency with respect to the overall level of debt-to-income. Our results highlight the role of household heterogeneity for understanding monetary transmission to aggregate consumption.
Neural Basis of the Sound-Symbolic Crossmodal Correspondence Between Auditory Pseudowords and Visual Shapes
Authors: McCormick Kelly , Lacey Simon , Stilla Randall , Nygaard Lynne C. , Sathian K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sound symbolism refers to the association between the sounds of words and their meanings, often studied using the crossmodal correspondence between auditory pseudowords, e.g., ‘takete’ or ‘maluma’, and pointed or rounded visual shapes, respectively. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, participants were presented with pseudoword–shape pairs that were sound-symbolically congruent or incongruent. We found no significant congruency effects in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal when participants were attending to visual shapes. During attention to auditory pseudowords, however, we observed greater BOLD activity for incongruent compared to congruent audiovisual pairs bilaterally in the intraparietal sulcus and supramarginal gyrus, and in the left middle frontal gyrus. We compared this activity to independent functional contrasts designed to test competing explanations of sound symbolism, but found no evidence for mediation via language, and only limited evidence for accounts based on multisensory integration and a general magnitude system. Instead, we suggest that the observed incongruency effects are likely to reflect phonological processing and/or multisensory attention. These findings advance our understanding of sound-to-meaning mapping in the brain.
Impacts of Arctic Sea Ice on Cold Season Atmospheric Variability and Trends Estimated from Observations and a Multi-model Large Ensemble
Authors: Liang Yu-Chiao , Frankignoul Claude , Kwon Young-Oh , Gastineau Guillaume , Manzini Elisa , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Suo Lingling , Yeager Stephen , Gao Yongqi , Attema Jisk J. , Cherchi Annalisa , Ghosh Rohit , Matei Daniela , Mecking Jennifer V. , Tian Tian , Zhang Ying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo examine the atmospheric responses to Arctic sea-ice variability in the Northern Hemisphere cold season (October to following March), this study uses a coordinated set of large-ensemble experiments of nine atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced with observed daily-varying sea-ice, sea-surface temperature, and radiative forcings prescribed during the 1979-2014 period, together with a parallel set of experiments where Arctic sea ice is substituted by its climatology. The simulations of the former set reproduce the near-surface temperature trends in reanalysis data, with similar amplitude, and their multi-model ensemble mean (MMEM) shows decreasing sea-level pressure over much of the polar cap and Eurasia in boreal autumn. The MMEM difference between the two experiments allows isolating the effects of Arctic sea-ice loss, which explain a large portion of the Arctic warming trends in the lower troposphere and drives a small but statistically significant weakening of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation. The observed interannual co-variability between sea-ice extent in the Barents-Kara Seas and lagged atmospheric circulation is distinguished from the effects of confounding factors based on multiple regression, and quantitatively compared to the co-variability in MMEMs. The interannual sea-ice decline followed by a negative North Atlantic Oscillation-like anomaly found in observations is also seen in the MMEM differences, with consistent spatial structure but much smaller amplitude. This result suggests that the sea-ice impacts on trends and interannual atmospheric variability simulated by AGCMs could be underestimated, but caution is needed because internal atmospheric variability may have affected the observed relationship.
Ocean Dynamics are Key to Extratropical Forcing of El Niño
Authors: Chakravorty Soumi , Perez Renellys C. , Anderson Bruce T. , Larson Sarah M. , Giese Benjamin S. , Pivotti Valentina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been recently linked with extratropical Pacific Ocean atmospheric variability. The two key mechanisms connecting the atmospheric variability of the extratropical Pacific with ENSO are the heat flux–driven “seasonal footprinting mechanism” (SFM) and the ocean dynamics–driven “trade wind charging” (TWC) mechanism. However, their relative contributions to ENSO are still unknown. Here we present modeling evidence that the positive phase of the SFM generates a weaker, short-lived central Pacific El Niño–like warming pattern in the autumn, whereas the TWC positive phase leads to a wintertime eastern Pacific El Niño–like warming. When both mechanisms are active, a strong, persistent El Niño develops. While both mechanisms can trigger equatorial wind anomalies that generate an El Niño, the strength and persistence of the warming depends on the subsurface heat content buildup by the TWC mechanism. These results suggest that while dynamical coupling associated with extratropical forcing is crucial to maintain an El Niño, thermodynamical coupling is an extratropical source of El Niño diversity.
Bias Correction, Anonymization, and Analysis of Smartphone Pressure Observations Using Machine Learning and Multiresolution Kriging
Authors: McNicholas Callie , Mass Clifford F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith over a billion smartphones capable of measuring atmospheric pressure, a global mesoscale surface pressure network based on smartphone pressure sensors may be possible if key technical issues are solved, including collection technology, privacy, and bias correction. To overcome these challenges, a novel framework was developed for the anonymization and bias correction of smartphone pressure observations (SPOs) and was applied to billions of SPOs from the Weather Company (IBM). Bias correction using machine learning reduced the errors of anonymous (ANON) SPOs and uniquely identifiable (UID) SPOs by 43% and 57%, respectively. Applying multiresolution kriging, gridded analyses of bias-corrected smartphone pressure observations were made for an entire year (2018), using both anonymized (ANON) and nonanonymized (UID) observations. Pressure analyses were also generated using conventional Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS) surface pressure networks. Relative to MADIS analyses, ANON and UID smartphone analyses reduced domain-average pressure errors by 21% and 31%, respectively. The performance of smartphone and MADIS pressure analyses was evaluated for two high-impact weather events: the landfall of Hurricane Michael and a long-lived mesoscale convective system. For these two events, both anonymized and nonanonymized smartphone pressure analyses better captured the spatial structure and temporal evolution of mesoscale pressure features than the MADIS analyses.
Weather risk management in marine survey campaigns for the offshore investment projects in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone
Authors: Kubacka Maria , Matczak Maciej , Kałas Maciej , Gajewski Lucjan , Burchacz Marcin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWeather is a crucial factor and the most unpredictable of all the factors determining success or failure of any offshore activity, such as investments in seabottom grid connectors (gas, energy or communication), oil & gas drilling facilities development as well as erection of offshore wind farms. Weather conditions cannot be foreseen accurately over a time horizon longer than a few days, and so arranging a realistic work schedule for such an enterprise poses a great challenge. This paper identifies and analyzes the greatest risks associated with weather conditions at sea. The importance and impact of weather on the project implementation were assessed and mitigating measures were proposed. As part of the work, a review of scientific literature was conducted, while the core conclusions were reached using the information-gathering techniques and a documentation review of the offshore projects implemented in cooperation with the Maritime Institute. The authors based their analysis on experience from survey campaigns conducted in the Baltic Sea in the areas of the investments planned for implementation. The analysis of risks associated with weather conditions is based on the statistical weather data obtained using the WAM4 model.The research reveals that it is impossible to create an accurate survey schedule for long-term offshore projects, however, using statistics for each individual hydrodynamic parameter can, to some extent, facilitate the creation of survey schedules for maritime projects.
Comparison of Survival Outcomes of Chemotherapy Plus Surgery vs Chemotherapy Alone for Patients With Isolated Liver Metastases From Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Jisheng , Hu Wang , Zhang Yang , Du Peng , Xiao Weidong , Li Yong 
Published: August 2021

Background Chemotherapy is the standard of treatment for metastatic gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). It is unclear whether chemotherapy plus surgery improves the survival outcomes of patients with isolated liver metastases from GBC. We aimed to investigate the survival benefits of chemotherapy plus surgery in GBC with isolated liver metastases compared to those of chemotherapy alone. Methods We identified 406 patients with isolated liver metastases from GBC who underwent chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus surgery between 2010 and 2015 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups: group I, chemotherapy alone (n = 263); group II, chemotherapy combined with cholecystectomy (n = 116); and group III, chemotherapy combined with cholecystectomy plus hepatectomy (n = 27). The cancer-specific survival and overall survival were evaluated. Results Compared with group I, group II revealed a longer survival time (P < .001). In addition, the survival time of the group III was also prolonged (P < .001). Multivariate cox analysis showed that treatment strategy was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion Chemotherapy combined with resection of the primary tumor plus or not plus resection of the metastatic lesions may be beneficial in GBC with isolated liver metastases.
Burden on caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients in Brazil: Relationship to symptomatology and functioning
Authors: Di Sarno Elaine , Napolitano Isabel , Louzã Mario Rodrigues 
Published: August 2021

Background: To investigate the objective and subjective burden on caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients and their associations with sociodemographic factors, symptomatology, and functioning. Methods: This study included 60 schizophrenic outpatients aged 18 to 65 years who were clinically stable for at least 6 months, and 60 caregivers aged 18 to 80 years who were in contact with the patient for ⩾30 hours/week. The patients were assessed using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Clinical Global Impression Scale for Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH), and the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP). The caregivers were assessed using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Family Burden Interview Schedule, Brazilian version (FBIS-BR). Results: The objective burden was positively correlated with CGI-SCH cognitive symptom scores ( p = .032) and number of hours spent weekly with the patient ( p = .028), and negatively correlated with PSP score ( r = −.346, p = .007). The subjective burden showed a negative correlation with age of disease onset ( r = −.338, p = .08). The independent variables included in the regression model were family income ( p = .005), PSP score ( p = .009), patient marital status ( p = .012), patient gender ( p = .046), and reception of financial benefit ( p = .027) for objective burden; and disease duration ( p = .045) and father/mother or sibling relationship ( p = .001) for subjective burden. The coefficient of determination ( R2) of the linear regression model for objective burden was 39.4%; subjective burden, 21.6%. Conclusion: Caring for female, single patients with longer disease duration, more severe cognitive symptoms, impaired functioning, and more caregiving time required per week were associated with higher caregiver burden levels.
Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence among blood donors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adane Tiruneh , Getawa Solomon 
Published: August 2021

Background Screening for cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific antibodies is not routine in some settings. Thus, transfusion of blood products poses risks for susceptible individuals. Objectives To investigate the global pooled CMV seroprevalence among volunteer blood donors. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The databases searched included Embase, Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Data were extracted independently and analyzed using STATA version 11. Results The global seroprevalence of CMV IgG, CMV IgM, and both CMV IgM and IgG was 83.16% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.55–87.77%, I2 = 99.5%), 13.77% (95% CI: 11.59–15.95%, I2 = 98.8%), and 23.78% (95% CI: 10.50–37.06%, I2 = 98.7), respectively. Conclusion The global seroprevalence of CMV was high among blood donors. Therefore, regular CMV screening should be conducted to identify CMV-seronegative blood donors.
Assessing the Impact of Online Health Education Interventions From 2010-2020: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Claflin Suzi B. , Klekociuk Shannon , Fair Hannah , Bostock Emmanuelle , Farrow Maree , Doherty Kathleen , Taylor Bruce V. 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Systematically review the evaluation and impact of online health education interventions: assess approaches used, summarize main findings, and identify knowledge gaps. Data Source: We searched the following databases: EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Studies were included if (a) published in English between 2010-2020 in a peer-reviewed journal (b) reported an online health education intervention aimed at consumers, caregivers, and the public (c) evaluated implementation OR participant outcomes (d) included ≥ 100 participants per study arm. Data Extraction: Two authors extracted data using a standardized form. Data Synthesis: Data synthesis was structured around the primary outcomes of the included studies. Results: 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found substantial heterogeneity in study population, design, intervention, and primary outcomes, and significant methodological issues that resulted in moderate to high risk of bias. Overall, interventions that were available to all (e.g., on YouTube) consistently attained a large global reach, and knowledge was consistently improved. However, the impact on other outcomes of interest (e.g., health literacy, health behaviors) remains unclear. Conclusion: Evidence around the impacts of the type of online health education interventions assessed in this review is sparse. A greater understanding of who online interventions work for and what outcomes can be achieved is crucial to determine, and potentially expand, their place in health education.
Treatment and help services for gambling during COVID-19: Experiences of gamblers and their concerned significant others
Authors: Marionneau Virve , Järvinen-Tassopoulos Johanna 
Published: August 2021

Aims: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many treatment or help services for gambling were closed or moved online. At the same time, closures of gambling opportunities impacted gambling availability and practices. This study investigates gamblers’ and their concerned significant others’ (CSOs) experiences and views on treatment and help services during this exceptional time and perceptions on how to develop services further after the pandemic. Design: Three online questionnaires to elicit gambler and CSO experiences were conducted during the spring 2020 in Finland. In total, 847 respondents answered and shared experiences on how the situation had impacted their gambling behaviour and service needs, how service closures or the moving of services online had impacted them, and how they thought the prevention and treatment of gambling harms should be organised during and after COVID-19. Results: Changed gambling practices reduced overall service needs. Service closures had negative impacts, but online services were considered positively, as these provided a low-threshold option. Respondents also shared insights into how the service provision for gamblers should further be developed during and after COVID-19.