bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on two-dimensional pure supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: Gu Wei , Sharpe Eric , Zou Hao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this note we study IR limits of pure two-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories with semisimple non-simply-connected gauge groups including SU(k)/ℤk, SO(2k)/ℤ2, Sp(2k)/ℤ2, E6/ℤ3, and E7/ℤ2 for various discrete theta angles, both directly in the gauge theory and also in nonabelian mirrors, extending a classification begun in previous work. We find in each case that there are supersymmetric vacua for precisely one value of the discrete theta angle, and no supersymmetric vacua for other values, hence supersymmetry is broken in the IR for most discrete theta angles. Furthermore, for the one distinguished value of the discrete theta angle for which supersymmetry is unbroken, the theory has as many twisted chiral multiplet degrees of freedom in the IR as the rank. We take this opportunity to further develop the technology of nonabelian mirrors to discuss how the mirror to a G gauge theory differs from the mirror to a G/K gauge theory for K a subgroup of the center of G. In particular, the discrete theta angles in these cases are considerably more intricate than those of the pure gauge theories studied in previous papers, so we discuss the realization of these more complex discrete theta angles in the mirror construction. We find that discrete theta angles, both in the original gauge theory and their mirrors, are intimately related to the description of centers of universal covering groups as quotients of weight lattices by root sublattices. We perform numerous consistency checks, comparing results against basic group-theoretic relations as well as with decomposition, which describes how two-dimensional theories with one-form symmetries (such as pure gauge theories with nontrivial centers) decompose into disjoint unions, in this case of pure gauge theories with quotiented gauge groups and discrete theta angles.
Wissen für gesunde Lebenswelten: Eine Datenbank zum Praxistransfer von Erkenntnissen aus systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten
Authors: Alayli Adrienne F. G , Witte Christine , Haß Wolfgang , Zeeb Hajo , Heise Thomas L. , Hupfeld Jens 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Datenbank „Wissen für gesunde Lebenswelten“ wurde durch das GKV-Bündnis für Gesundheit, eine gemeinsame Initiative der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) zur Weiterentwicklung und Umsetzung von Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Lebenswelten, entwickelt. Sie soll Krankenkassen und weitere Fachkräfte und Beteiligte in der Praxis bei der Planung und Umsetzung evidenzbasierter Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Lebenswelten unterstützen. In Ergänzung zu bestehenden Interventionsdatenbanken stellt sie Erkenntnisse aus systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten zur Verfügung. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Datenbank vorzustellen, Nutzungsmöglichkeiten zu beschreiben sowie Weiterentwicklungsmöglichkeiten zu diskutieren.Die Datenbank beinhaltet Erkenntnisse zu Wirksamkeit und Umsetzungsstrategien lebensweltbezogener Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Sie enthält strukturierte Zusammenfassungen von 3 Arten Übersichtsarbeiten: systematische Reviews, Scoping-Reviews und Rapid-Reviews. Die Datenbankeinträge (aktuell n = 13) können mit verschiedenen Suchfunktionen (u. a. Freitextsuche, Schlagwortsuche und Suchfilter) recherchiert werden. Die Erstellung der Datenbankeinträge erfolgt qualitätsgesichert mittels eines standardisierten Formulars und im Vieraugenprinzip. Zentrale Informationen sind kurz dargestellt und Fachbegriffe erläutert, um einen niedrigschwelligen Zugang zu ermöglichen. Expertinnen und Experten der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen werden fortlaufend in den Entwicklungsprozess der Datenbank eingebunden.Im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung ist geplant, die Datenbank um Erkenntnisse aus neuen Übersichtsarbeiten des GKV-Bündnisses für Gesundheit sowie aus weiteren Quellen zu ergänzen. Zudem werden zukünftig Qualitätsbewertungen der eingeschlossenen Übersichtsarbeiten dargestellt und begleitende Maßnahmen zur Förderung des Wissenschafts-Praxis-Transfers entwickelt.
Michael Polányi’s fiduciary program against fake news and deepfake in the digital age
Authors: Ziegler Zsolt 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that Michael Polányi’s account of how science, as an institution, establishes knowledge can provide a structure for a future institution capable of countering misinformation, or fake news, and deepfakes. I argue that only an institutional approach can adequately take up the challenge against the corresponding institution of fake news. The fact of filtering news and information may be bothering. It is the threat of censorship and free speech limitation. Instead, I propose that we should indicate reliable information with a trademark and news signing-approved information and brand equity. I offer a method of creating a standard for online news that people can rely on (similar to high-quality shopping products).
Measurement of δ18O and δ2H of water and ethanol in wine by Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xing , Jansen Henk G. , Duin Haico , Meijer Harro A. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere are two officially approved methods for stable isotope analysis for wine authentication. One describes δ18O measurements of the wine water using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS), and the other one uses Deuterium-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2H-NMR) to measure the deuterium of the wine ethanol. Recently, off-axis integrated cavity output (laser) spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) has become an easier alternative to quantify wine water isotopes, thanks to the spectral contaminant identifier (SCI). We utilized an OA-ICOS analyser with SCI to measure the δ18O and δ2H of water in 27 wine samples without any pre-treatment. The OA-ICOS results reveal a wealth of information about the growth conditions of the wines, which shows the advantages to extend the official δ18O wine water method by δ2H that is obtained easily from OA-ICOS. We also performed high-temperature pyrolysis and chromium reduction combined with IRMS measurements to illustrate the “whole wine” isotope ratios. The δ18O results of OA-ICOS and IRMS show non-significant differences, but the δ2H results of both methods differ much more. As the δ2H difference between these two methods is mainly caused by ethanol, we investigated the possibility to deduce deuterium of wine ethanol from this difference. The results present large uncertainties and deviate from the obtained 2H-NMR results. The deviation is caused by the other constituents in the wine, and the uncertainty is due to the limited precision of the SCI-based correction, which need to improve to obtain the 2H values of ethanol as alternative for the 2H-NMR method.
Real-time intraoperative glioma diagnosis using fluorescence imaging and deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Shen Biluo , Zhang Zhe , Shi Xiaojing , Cao Caiguang , Zhang Zeyu , Hu Zhenhua , Ji Nan , Tian Jie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Surgery is the predominant treatment modality of human glioma but suffers difficulty on clearly identifying tumor boundaries in clinic. Conventional practice involves neurosurgeon’s visual evaluation and intraoperative histological examination of dissected tissues using frozen section, which is time-consuming and complex. The aim of this study was to develop fluorescent imaging coupled with artificial intelligence technique to quickly and accurately determine glioma in real-time during surgery.

Methods
Glioma patients (N = 23) were enrolled and injected with indocyanine green for fluorescence image–guided surgery. Tissue samples (N = 1874) were harvested from surgery of these patients, and the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence images were obtained. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) combined with NIR-II fluorescence imaging (named as FL-CNN) were explored to automatically provide pathological diagnosis of glioma in situ in real-time during patient surgery. The pathological examination results were used as the gold standard.

Results
The developed FL-CNN achieved the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.945. Comparing to neurosurgeons’ judgment, with the same level of specificity >80%, FL-CNN achieved a much higher sensitivity (93.8% versus 82.0%, P < 0.001) with zero time overhead. Further experiments demonstrated that FL-CNN corrected >70% of the errors made by neurosurgeons. FL-CNN was also able to rapidly predict grade and Ki-67 level (AUC 0.810 and 0.625) of tumor specimens intraoperatively.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that deep CNNs are better at capturing important information from fluorescence images than surgeons’ evaluation during patient surgery. FL-CNN is highly promising to provide pathological diagnosis intraoperatively and assist neurosurgeons to obtain maximum resection safely.

Trial registration
ChiCTR ChiCTR2000029402. Registered 29 January 2020, retrospectively registered
Modelling of size-dependent thermodynamic properties of metallic nanocrystals based on modified Gibbs–Thomson equation
Authors: Ansari Manauwar Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new theoretical two-phase (solid–liquid) type model of melting temperature has developed based on the modified Gibbs–Thomson equation. Further, it is extended to derive other different size-dependent thermodynamic properties such as cohesive energy, Debye temperature, specific heat capacity, the thermal and electrical conductivity of metallic nanoparticles. Quantitative calculation of the effect of size on thermodynamic properties resulted in, varying linearly with the inverse of characteristic length of nanomaterials. The models are applied to Al, Pb, Ag, Sn, Mo, W, Co, Au and Cu nanoparticles of spherical shape. The melting temperature, Debye temperature, thermal and electrical conductivity are found to decrease with the decrease in particle size, whereas the cohesive energy and specific heat capacity are increased with the decrease in particle size. The present model is also compared with previous models and found consistent. The results obtained with this model validated with experimental and simulation results from several sources that show similar trends between the model and experimental results.
Graphic abstract
Risk assessment for postoperative outcomes in a mixed hospitalized gynecological population by the Dutch safety management system (Veiligheidsmanagementsysteem, VMS) screening tool ‘frail elderly’
Authors: van der Zanden Vera , Paarlberg K. Marieke , van der Zaag-Loonen Hester J. , Meijer Wouter J. , Mourits Marian J. E. , van Munster Barbara C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Frailty is associated with a higher risk for negative postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association between the screening tool of the Dutch safety management system, Veiligheidsmanagementsysteem (VMS) ‘frail elderly’ and postoperative complications in a gynecological population.

Methods
This cohort study included women aged 70 years or older, who were scheduled for any kind of gynecological surgery. VMS screening data (including risk for delirium, falling, malnutrition, and functional impairment) were extracted from the electronic patient records. VMS score could range between 0 and 4 patients with a VMS score of one or more were considered frail. Data on possible confounding factors and complications within 30 days after surgery, classified with the Clavien–Dindo classification, were collected. Regression analysis was performed.

Results
157 women were included with a median age of 74 years (inter quartile range 71–79). Most patients underwent prolapse surgery (52%) or hysterectomy (31%). Forty-one patients (26%) experienced any postoperative complication. Sixty-two patients (39%) were considered frail preoperatively by the VMS screening tool. Frailty measured with the VMS screening tool was not independently associated with postoperative complications in multivariable analysis (Odds ratio 1.18; 95% CI 0.49–2.82). However, a recent fall in the last 6 months (n = 208) was associated with postoperative complications (Odds ratio 3.90; 95% CI 1.57–9.66).

Conclusion
An independent association between frailty, determined by the VMS screening tool ‘Frail elderly’, and postoperative complications in gynecological surgery patients could not be confirmed. A recent fall in the last 6 months seems associated with postoperative complications.
Memory enhancement by multidomain group cognitive training in patients with Parkinson’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: long-term effects of a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schmidt Nele , Tödt Inken , Berg Daniela , Schlenstedt Christian , Folkerts Ann-Kristin , Ophey Anja , Dimenshteyn Karina , Elben Saskia , Wojtecki Lars , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Schulte Claudia , Sulzer Patricia , Eggers Carsten , Kalbe Elke , Witt Karsten 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Meta-analyses indicate positive effects of cognitive training (CT) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), however, most previous studies had small sample sizes and did not evaluate long-term follow-up. Therefore, a multicenter randomized controlled, single-blinded trial (Train-ParC study) was conducted to examine CT effects in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Immediately after CT, an enhancement of executive functions was demonstrated. Here, we present the long-term results 6 and 12 months after CT.

Methods
At baseline, 64 PD-MCI patients were randomized to a multidomain CT group (n = 33) or to a low-intensity physical activity training control group (PT) (n = 31). Both interventions included 90 min training sessions twice a week for 6 weeks. 54 patients completed the 6 months (CT: n = 28, PT: n = 26) and 49 patients the 12 months follow-up assessment (CT: n = 25, PT: n = 24). Primary study outcomes were memory and executive functioning composite scores. Mixed repeated measures ANOVAs, post-hoc t tests and multiple regression analyses were conducted.

Results
We found a significant time x group interaction effect for the memory composite score (p = 0.006, η2 = 0.214), but not for the executive composite score (p = 0.967, η2 = 0.002). Post-hoc t tests revealed significant verbal and nonverbal memory improvements from pre-intervention to 6 months, but not to 12 months follow-up assessment in the CT group. No significant predictors were found for predicting memory improvement after CT.

Conclusions
This study provides Class 1 evidence that multidomain CT enhances memory functioning in PD-MCI after 6 months but not after 12 months, whereas executive functioning did not change in the long-term.

Clinical trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (ID: DRKS00010186), 21.3.2016 (The study registration is outlined as retrospective due to an administrative delay. The first patient was enrolled three months after the registration process was started. A formal confirmation of this process from the German Clinical Trials Register can be obtained from the authors.)
Concept for controlled adjustment of residual stress states in semi-finished products by gradation extrusion
Authors: Selbmann René , Baumann Markus , Dobecki Mateus , Bergmann Markus , Kräusel Verena , Reimers Walter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe residual stress distribution in extruded components and wires after a conventional forming process is frequently unfavourable for subsequent processes, such as bending operations. High tensile residual stresses typically occur near the surface of the wire and thus limit further processability of the material. Additional heat treatment operations or shot peening are often inserted to influence the residual stress distribution in the material after conventional manufacturing. This is time and energy consuming. The research presented in this paper contains an approach to influence the residual stress distribution by modifying the forming process for wire-like applications. The aim of this process is to lower the resulting tensile stress levels near the surface or even to generate compressive stresses. To achieve these residual compressive stresses, special forming elements are integrated in the dies. These modifications in the forming zone have a significant influence on process properties, such as degree of deformation and deformation direction, but typically have no influence on the diameter of the product geometry. In the present paper, the theoretical approach is described, as well as the model set-up, the FE-simulation and the results of the experimental tests. The characterization of the residual stress states in the specimen was carried out by X-ray diffraction using the sin2Ψ method.
Learning vector quantization as an interpretable classifier for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 types based on their RNA sequences
Authors: Kaden Marika , Bohnsack Katrin Sophie , Weber Mirko , Kudła Mateusz , Gutowska Kaja , Blazewicz Jacek , Villmann Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present an approach to discriminate SARS-CoV-2 virus types based on their RNA sequence descriptions avoiding a sequence alignment. For that purpose, sequences are preprocessed by feature extraction and the resulting feature vectors are analyzed by prototype-based classification to remain interpretable. In particular, we propose to use variants of learning vector quantization (LVQ) based on dissimilarity measures for RNA sequence data. The respective matrix LVQ provides additional knowledge about the classification decisions like discriminant feature correlations and, additionally, can be equipped with easy to realize reject options for uncertain data. Those options provide self-controlled evidence, i.e., the model refuses to make a classification decision if the model evidence for the presented data is not sufficient. This model is first trained using a GISAID dataset with given virus types detected according to the molecular differences in coronavirus populations by phylogenetic tree clustering. In a second step, we apply the trained model to another but unlabeled SARS-CoV-2 virus dataset. For these data, we can either assign a virus type to the sequences or reject atypical samples. Those rejected sequences allow to speculate about new virus types with respect to nucleotide base mutations in the viral sequences. Moreover, this rejection analysis improves model robustness. Last but not least, the presented approach has lower computational complexity compared to methods based on (multiple) sequence alignment.
The structure of the singular set in the thin obstacle problem for degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Banerjee Agnid , Danielli Donatella , Garofalo Nicola , Petrosyan Arshak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the singular set in the thin obstacle problem for degenerate parabolic equations with weight$$|y|^a$$|y|afor$$a \in (-1,1)$$a∈(-1,1). Such problem arises as the local extension of the obstacle problem for the fractional heat operator$$(\partial _t - \Delta _x)^s$$(∂t-Δx)sfor$$s \in (0,1)$$s∈(0,1). Our main result establishes the complete structure and regularity of the singular set of the free boundary. To achieve it, we prove Almgren-Poon, Weiss, and Monneau type monotonicity formulas which generalize those for the case of the heat equation ($$a=0$$a=0).
Whole genome sequencing identifies variants associated with sarcoidosis in a family with a high prevalence of sarcoidosis
Authors: Fritz Daan , Ferwerda Bart , Brouwer Matthijs C. , van de Beek Diederik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
We studied genetic risk factors associated with sarcoidosis within a family with a high prevalence of this disease.

Methods
We studied 41 members of a family with a high rate of sarcoidosis, including an index patient with treatment-resistant neurosarcoidosis. Whole genome sequencing was performed for six affected family members and variations associated with loss of function were filtered out as candidate genes. Findings were validated by using amplicon sequencing within all 41 family members with DNA available and candidate genes were screened on absence and presence within the sarcoidosis affected and non-affected.

Results
Family members (n = 61) from 5 generations were available for participation including 13 subjects diagnosed with sarcoidosis (20%). Analyses identified 36 candidate variants within 34 candidate genes. Variations within three of these genes (JAK2, BACH2, and NCF1) previously have been associated with autoimmune diseases.

Conclusions
We identified 34 genes with a possible role in the etiology of sarcoidosis, including JAK2. Our results may suggest evaluation of JAK inhibitors in treatment-resistant sarcoidosis.

Key Points• JAK2 has a potential role in the etiology of sarcoidosis and is a potential therapeutic target.• We identified 33 additional candidate genes of which BACH2 and NCF1 have been previously associated with autoimmune disease.
Increased orexin A concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Roveta Fausto , Marcinnò Andrea , Cremascoli Riccardo , Priano Lorenzo , Cattaldo Stefania , Rubino Elisa , Gallo Erica , Boschi Silvia , Mauro Alessandro , Rainero Innocenzo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides that regulate several physiological functions, such as appetite, arousal, cognition, stress, sleep and metabolism. Emerging pieces of evidence suggest an orexinergic dysfunction in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety and addiction. A syndromic overlap between behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and several psychiatric disorders was recently demonstrated. Therefore, we analysed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin A concentrations of 40 bvFTD and 32 non-demented patients, correlating neuropeptide concentrations with several clinical characteristics. A significant increase of orexin A concentrations was found in bvFTD patients when compared to controls (p<0.001). CSF orexin A concentration showed a correlation with Mini-Mental State Examination scores, drug assumption, history of compulsive behaviour and extrapyramidal signs. Moreover, we found a relationship between CSF markers of neurodegeneration, total tau and Aβ1–42 and CSF orexin A concentrations. Our study provides evidence of an orexinergic dysfunction in bvFTD, correlating with several clinical symptoms. Further larger studies are needed to confirm our data.