bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separable regulation of POW1 in grain size and leaf angle development in rice
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Ruci , Xing Yide , Xu Yufang , Xiong Dunping , Wang Yueming , Yao Shanguo 
Published: August 2021

SummaryLeaf angle is one of the key factors that determines rice plant architecture. However, the improvement of leaf angle erectness is often accompanied by unfavourable changes in other traits, especially grain size reduction. In this study, we identified the pow1 (put on weight 1) mutant that leads to increased grain size and leaf angle, typical brassinosteroid (BR)‐related phenotypes caused by excessive cell proliferation and cell expansion. We show that modulation of the BR biosynthesis genes OsDWARF4 (D4) and D11 and the BR signalling gene D61 could rescue the phenotype of leaf angle but not grain size in the pow1 mutant. We further demonstrated that POW1 functions in grain size regulation by repressing the transactivation activity of the interacting protein TAF2, a highly conserved member of the TFIID transcription initiation complex. Down‐regulation of TAF2 rescued the enlarged grain size of pow1 but had little effect on the increased leaf angle phenotype of the mutant. The separable functions of the POW1‐TAF2 and POW1‐BR modules in grain size and leaf angle control provide a promising strategy for designing varieties with compact plant architecture and increased grain size, thus promoting high‐yield breeding in rice.
Increased bisphenol A levels in Thai children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tosirisuk Naruporn , Sakorn Natee , Jantarat Chutima , Nosoongnoen Wichit , Aroonpakmongkol Suphab , Supornsilchai Vichit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents continues to increase worldwide. The reason for this is unclear. In addition to the role of genetics, bisphenol A (BPA) has been investigated as a possible causal factor for T1DM. This study aimed to determine the correlation between urinary BPA levels and T1DM in Thai children and adolescents.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in T1DM patients who were followed at the endocrinology clinic at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 and age‐matched healthy controls. Urinary BPA levels were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and adjusted by urine creatinine. Anthropometric data were measured in all participants and clinical data were collected for the T1DM patients. All participants completed a questionnaire regarding possible BPA exposures. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio for T1DM.ResultsSeventy‐five T1DM patients and 113 age‐matched controls were included in the study. The mean age for T1DM and control groups were 14.8 ± 5.7 and 14.4 ± 6.2 years, respectively. The T1DM group had a significantly higher median (interquartile range) level of adjusted urinary BPA compared to the control (31.50 [7.87, 69.45] vs 10.1 [0, 54.01] μg/g creatinine, P = 0.02). Urinary BPA of 17 μg/g creatinine or more was significantly associated with TIDM, with adjusted odds ratio (95% Confident interval, CI) of 2.38 (1.27, 4.44), P = 0.006.ConclusionsHigher urinary BPA level is one of the possible risk factors for T1DM.
Case series of arginase 1 deficiency: Expanding the spectrum in hyperargininemia
Authors: Dorum Sevil , Havalı Cengiz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundArginase‐1 deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited disorder of the urea cycle. In this study, we describe the clinical and molecular details of six patients who were diagnosed with argininemia, and we describe two of the patients with hyperargininemia who carried two novel variations of the Arginase‐1 gene.MethodsThe clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThe ages of the six patients ranged from 1 day to 20 years, and each patient had consanguineous parents. Neuromotor retardation and spastic paraparesis were found in all patients except one, who was diagnosed prenatally. Hyperargininemia was present in all patients. Urinary orotic acid excretion was increased in four of the six patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis in all the patients. Elevated liver enzymes were detected in three patients and blood urea nitrogen levels were normal in each of the six patients.ConclusionsIn this study, we describe the two patients with hyperargininemia who carried two novel variations of the ARG1 gene. Also, we present a patient with normal neurodevelopment who was diagnosed prenatally and treated at an early stage of the disease.
Transparency is Surveillance
Authors: Nguyen C. Thi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn herBBC Reith Lectures on Trust, Onora O’Neill offers a short, but biting, criticism of transparency. People think that trust and transparency go together but in reality, says O'Neill, they are deeply opposed. Transparency forces people to conceal their actual reasons for action and invent different ones for public consumption. Transparency forces deception. I work out the details of her argument and worsen her conclusion. I focus on public transparency – that is, transparency to the public over expert domains. I offer two versions of the criticism. First, theepistemic intrusionargument: The drive to transparency forces experts to explain their reasoning to non‐experts. But expert reasons are, by their nature, often inaccessible to non‐experts. So the demand for transparency can pressure experts to act only in those ways for which they can offer public justification. Second, theintimate reasonsargument: In many cases of practical deliberation, the relevant reasons are intimate to a community and not easily explicable to those who lack a particular shared background. The demand for transparency, then, pressures community members to abandon the special understanding and sensitivity that arises from their particular experiences. Transparency, it turns out, is a form of surveillance. By forcing reasoning into the explicit and public sphere, transparency roots out corruption — but it also inhibits the full application of expert skill, sensitivity, and subtle shared understandings. The difficulty here arises from the basic fact that human knowledge vastly outstrips any individual’s capacities. We all depend on experts, which makes us vulnerable to their biases and corruption. But if we try to wholly secure our trust — if we leash groups of experts to pursuing only the goals and taking only the actions that can be justified to the non‐expert public — then we will undermine their expertise. We need both trust and transparency, but they are in essential tension. This is a deep practical dilemma; it admits of no neat resolution, but only painful compromise.
Moral Worth and Knowing How to Respond to Reasons
Authors: Cunningham J. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt's one thing to do the right thing. It's another to be creditable for doing the right thing. Being creditable for doing the right thing requires that one does the right thing out of a morally laudable motive and that there is a non‐accidental fit between those two elements. This paper argues that the two main views of morally creditable action – the Right‐Making Features View and the Rightness Itself View – fail to capture that non‐accidentality constraint: the first because it morally credits agents who make heavy‐duty moral mistakes; the second because it fails to generalise and is too conservative – a point which this paper gives renewed defence. The paper then goes on to defend and develop an alternative according to which moral worth is mediated by the agent's knowing how to respond to the reasons of the type which make acting in that way right. It's argued that this view avoids the problems for the alternatives, and it's shown that in order for the view to avoid collapsing into a problematic form of Reliabilism we'll have to think of states of knowing how as essentially successful in character.
Disruption of AtHAK/KT/KUP9 enhances plant cesium accumulation under low potassium supply
Authors: Genies Laure , Martin Ludovic , Kanno Satomi , Chiarenza Serge , Carasco Loïc , Camilleri Virginie , Vavasseur Alain , Henner Pascale , Leonhardt Nathalie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie cesium (Cs+) transport in plants is important to limit the entry of its radioisotopes from contaminated areas into the food chain. The potentially toxic element Cs+, which is not involved in any biological process, is chemically closed to the macronutrient potassium (K+). Among the multiple K+ carriers, the high‐affinity K+ transporters family HAK/KT/KUP is thought to be relevant in mediating opportunistic Cs+ transport. Of the 13 KUP identified in A. thaliana, only HAK5, the major contributor to root K+ acquisition under low K+ supply, has been functionally demonstrated to be involved in Cs+ uptake in planta. In the present study, we showed that accumulation of Cs+ increased by up to 30% in two A. thaliana mutant lines lacking KUP9 and grown under low K+ supply. Since further experiments revealed that Cs+ release from contaminated plants to the external medium is proportionally lower in the two kup9 mutant alleles, we proposed that KUP9 disruption could impair Cs+ efflux. By contrast, K+ status in kup9 mutants is not affected, suggesting that KUP9 disruption does not alter substantially K+ transport in experimental conditions used. The putative primary role of KUP9 in plants is further discussed.
Visions in stone: Illusion, animation and the devotional gaze in the art of Northern Italy
Authors: Libina Marsha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDevotional images in Renaissance Italy often compare divine visions to an enlivened statue or work of art, thereby heightening the effect of divine immediacy. Yet the early modern period also saw the emergence of another kind of picture that is much less studied. This alternative model favoured the apparent stoniness or emptiness of artistic simulacra – as seen in Cerano’s painted representation of the Virgin in the guise of a marble statue rendered in grisaille. It is a striking departure from Catholic reformers’ insistence on the mimetic naturalism of true images. As this paper shows, Cerano’s work went against the predominant paradigm of imitation, whereby artistic replicas acted as potent transmitters of divine presence inherent in the original cult image. The work presents an alternative to the true ‘living’ image by defending the artistic copy as an efficacious, but also inanimate, substitute for the divine prototype.
Carbon and Hydrocarbon Particle Seeding in Air-Breathing Rotating Detonation Engine
Authors: Burke Robert F. , Rezzag Taha , Ahmed Kareem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Within the power generation community, the rotating detonation engine (RDE) is only growing in popularity with its increased performance, simple mechanism, and operation. Although significant testing is underway to characterize the RDE for integration with conventional gas turbines, this entire system is still at a relatively low technology readiness level. In the midst of RDE research, there is an initiative to understand solid particle seeding effects in the detonation performance. Under investigation at the University of Central Florida is a Department of Energy (DOE) 15.24 cm (6 in.) RDE, with a solid particle seeder in parallel with its H2 and air flow lines. Previous work on this system involved carbon particle detonation; however, the tested particles were taken one step further to include more sustainable, greener hydrocarbon particles. Testing of powdered sugar, peanut flour, and cornstarch, along with previous carbon black tests have shown not only successful detonability, but a noticeable effect on the detonation wave dynamics. Side-by-side with a particle burning model being developed, an operational map can be determined for the hydrocarbon particles particularly, which can be tuned with the local flow conditions to achieve peak operability while replacing fuels with sustainable alternatives that could even be grown.
Experimental Investigation on Wear Behavior of Rectangular Labyrinth Fin Against High-Speed Rotor
Authors: Yan Xin , Dai Xinbo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The wear behaviors of the rectangular labyrinth seal fin against high-speed rotor were experimentally investigated on the incursion test rig. The material losses, worn geometries, frictional temperature distributions, and contact forces of labyrinth fin in rubbing events were measured at three incursion rates, three final incursion depths and two rotor sliding velocities. The morphologies of the worn labyrinth fin tips were magnified to reveal the wear mechanisms in rubbing events. The transient temperatures and contact forces were detailed to analyze the thermal–mechanical interactions between two contacting parts. The results show that the material loss percentage in the labyrinth fin is higher at the early stage of rubbing process, accounting for 18% mass loss of the worn region, than at final stage. The material loss is decreased with increasing the incursion rate. The incursion rate and final incursion depth have pronounced effects on the mushroom region extensions and curlings. The friction coefficient is fluctuated significantly in the high sliding velocity and low incursion rate conditions, and the averaged value of friction coefficient is about 0.1–0.125 among all experiments. The temperature at labyrinth fin tip is increased with increasing the final incursion depth, incursion rate, and sliding velocity. However, the temperature at fin tip is not increased further as it reaches about 1200 °C. The heat convection from hot fin to ambient plays an important role in worn geometries and transient temperature distributions at fin tip.
Fervidicoccus fontis Strain 3639Fd, the First Crenarchaeon Capable of Growth on Lipids
Authors: Karaseva A. I. , Elcheninov A. G. , Perevalova A. A. , Zayulina K. S. , Kochetkova T. V. , Kublanov I. V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract—
Up to now, ability of prokaryotes to grow on lipids has been shown only for bacteria. Thermococcus sibiricus, member of the phylum Euryarchaeota isolated from a high-temperature oil well and capable of growth on olive oil, is the only exception. The present work reports isolation of a pure culture of a strictly anaerobic archaeon, strain 3639Fd (=VKM B-3509, =KCTC 25228) from a Kamchatka thermal spring, capable of growth on various lipids (tributyrin, triolein, and sesame, cottonseed, and sunflower oil) at 70°C and pH 5.5–6.0. Growth on tributyrin resulted in formation of butyrate, CO2, and hydrogen. According to the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization, the isolate was classified as a strain of Fervidicoccus fontis, an archaeon of the phylum Crenarchaeota. The closest characterized homologs of the α/β-hydrolases, encoded in the genomes of F. fontis 3639Fd and of the type strain of this species, Kam940T, were various carboxyl esterases (EC 3.1.1), the enzymes responsible for lipid hydrolysis. Thus, F. fontis is the first crenarchaeon able to obtain energy by hydrolysis of lipid substrates.
The journey to UHC: how well are vertical programmes integrated in the health benefits package? A scoping review
Authors: Regan Lydia , Wilson David , Chalkidou Kalipso , Chi Y-Ling 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCountries are recommended to progressively work towards universal health coverage (UHC), and to make explicit choices regarding the expansion of priority services. However, there is little guidance on how to manage the inclusion of vertical programmes, funded by external partners, in health benefits packages (HBP) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).ObjectiveWe conducted a scoping review to map the inclusion of six vertical programmes (HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, maternal and child health, contraceptives, immunisation) in 26 LMICs.MethodsWe identified 26 LMICs with an HBP that was not aspirational (eg, with evidence of implementation or funding). For each HBP, we collected information on the corresponding UHC scheme, health financing at the time of establishment, revisions since inception and entitlements. For each vertical programme, we developed a list of tracer interventions based on the Disease Control Priorities 3 and the 100 Core Health Indicators List. We then used this list of tracer interventions to map the coverage of the six vertical programmes.ResultsThe review shows that there is no common starting point for countries embarking into UHC. Some HBPs were almost three decades old. Whole package revisions are rare. The inclusion of vertical programme does not follow a given pattern based on health financing indicators or country’s income group. Maternal child health services are the most often included and family planning the least. Six countries in our sample covered all vertical programmes, while one covered only one of six.ConclusionsThis review has shown that there has been a long history of countries facing this question and we have provided the first mapping of inclusion of vertical programmes in UHC. The results of the mapping can inform decisions in countries embarking in UHC.
Association between allostatic load and mortality among Chinese older adults: the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Study
Authors: Zhang Tianhang , Yan Lijing L , Chen Hua-Shuai , Jin Hai-Yu , Wu Chenkai 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAllostatic load (AL) has shown that high burden of AL is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes, but little attention has been paid to China with largest ageing population in the world.ObjectiveThis study is to examine the association between AL and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults aged at least 60 years.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingIn 2011–2012, an ancillary study, in which a blood test was added, including a total of 2439 participants, was conducted in eight longevity areas in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.ParticipantsThe final analytical sample consisted of 1519 participants (mean±SD age: men 80.5±11.3 years; women 90.2±11.8 years and 53% women).Primary outcome measureCox models were used to examine the association between AL and mortality among men and women, separately. Analyses were also adjusted for potential confounders including age, ethnicity, education and marital status, smoking and exercise.ResultsMale with a medium AL burden (score: 2–4) and high AL burden (score: 5–9) had a 33% and 118% higher hazard of death, respectively, than those with a low AL burden (score: 0–1). We did not find significant difference between females with different levels of AL burden.ConclusionHigher AL burden was associated with increased all-cause mortality among Chinese men aged at least 60 years. However, we did not find strong association among women. In conclusion, Intervention programmes targeting modifiable components of the AL burden may help prolong lifespan for older adults, especially men, in China.
Effects of an online-based motivational intervention to reduce problematic internet use and promote treatment motivation in internet gaming disorder and internet use disorder (OMPRIS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dieris-Hirche Jan , Bottel Laura , Pape Magdalena , te Wildt Bert Theodor , Wölfling Klaus , Henningsen Peter , Timmesfeld Nina , Neumann Anja , Neusser Silke , Beckers Rainer , Herpertz Stephan 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionIn May 2019, the WHO classified internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a mental disorder in the upcoming International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. However, individuals affected by IGD or internet use disorders (IUDs) are often not provided with adequate therapy due to a lack of motivation or absence of adequate local treatment options. To close the gap between individuals with IUDs and the care system, we conduct an online-based motivational intervention to reduce problematic internet use and promote treatment motivation in internet gaming disorder and internet use disorder (OMPRIS).Methods and analysisWithin the randomised controlled trial, a total of n=162 participants will be allocated by sequential balancing randomisation to the OMPRIS intervention or a waitlist control group. The study includes an extensive diagnostic, followed by a 4-week psychological intervention based on motivational interviewing, (internet-related) addiction therapy, behavioural therapy techniques and additional social counselling. The primary outcome is the reduction of problematic internet use measured by the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction Scale. Secondary outcomes include time spent on the internet, motivation for change (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Internet Use Disorder), comorbid mental symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener-7), quality of life (EuroQoL Standardised Measure of Health-related Quality of Life–5 Dimensions, General Life Satisfaction-1), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale), personality traits (Big Five Inventory-10), therapeutic alliance (Helping Alliance Questionnaire) and health economic costs. The diagnosis of (comorbid) mental disorders is carried out with standardised clinical interviews. The measurement will be assessed before (T0), at midpoint (T1) and after the OMPRIS intervention (T2), representing the primary endpoint. Two follow-up assessments will be conducted after 6 weeks (T3) and 6 months (T4) after the intervention. The outcomes will be analysed primarily via analysis of covariance. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationParticipants will provide written informed consent. The trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum (approval number 19-6779). Findings will be disseminated through presentations, peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00019925.