bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble cluster of differentiation 14 levels elevated in bile from gallbladder cancer cases from Shanghai, China
Authors: Brun Victoria L. , Corbel Amanda F. , Hsing Ann W. , Kemp Troy J. , Van Dyke Alison L. , Hildesheim Allan , Zhu Bin , Gao Yu-Tang , Pinto Ligia A. , Koshiol Jill 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElevated systemic levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) have been associated with gallbladder cancer (GBC), but the association with sCD14 levels within the gallbladder has not been investigated. Here, we evaluated sCD14 in the bile of 41 GBC cases and 117 gallstone controls with data on 65 bile inflammation markers. We examined the relationship between bile sCD14 levels and GBC using logistic regression and stratified the analysis by stage. We included GBC-associated inflammatory biomarkers in the model to evaluate the influence of local inflammation. Bile sCD14 levels (third versus first tertile) were associated with GBC (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–8.0). The association was equally strong for stage I/II (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 0.9–15.6) and stage III/IV (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.0–12.4) cancers. Including the GBC-associated inflammatory markers in the model removed the association between bile sCD14 and GBC (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.3–3.5). The findings suggest that immune activation within the gallbladder may be related to GBC development, and the effect of sCD14 is influenced by inflammation. Similar associations across tumor stages suggest that elevated bile sCD14 levels may reflect changes early in GBC pathogenesis. Associations between GBC and sCD14 levels in both bile and plasma suggest sCD14 could be a potential biomarker for GBC.
Threshold flow depths to move large boulders by the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami
Authors: Iwai Shohei , Goto Kazuhisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAround the world, numerous coastal boulders with weight of few thousand tons are suspected to have been transported by very large tsunamis, although their origins remain enigmatic. For clarifying origins of these boulders, the relation between the tsunami flow depth and the movement of meter-size boulders should be clarified but there is no proper field dataset. Here we collected first comprehensive dataset of both moved and unmoved boulders as well as the maximum flow depths along the Sanriku coast of Japan, where was affected by the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami based on satellite image analyses and field survey. The dataset revealed that up to ca. 1500 tons of boulders and concrete blocks were moved by the 2011 tsunami with approx. 28 m flow depth. We further revealed that most unmoved boulders were not moved because of the local setting rather than their heavy weights. The threshold of moved/unmoved boulders is estimated against the flow depth. The threshold predicted that approx. > 20 m flow depths are required to move approx. > 1000 tons boulders. The results imply that even a few thousand tons of enigmatic boulders in the world could have been moved by these sizes of the tsunami flow depths, although applicability of our results to other examples should be evaluated in the future work. We further tested the validity of an earlier proposed inverse model. Although the model result is consistent with the field observation, assumption of the appropriate parameters is problematic and further improvement of the model is required to estimate hydrodynamic features of the tsunami and to discriminate tsunami boulders from storm ones. Regarding such future work, our dataset is expected to be important for the evaluation of the improved numerical models.
Circulating branch chain amino acids and improvement in liver fat content in response to exercise interventions in NAFLD
Authors: Shi Xiulin , Yin Hongyan , Li Jia , Huang Caoxin , Chen Yinling , Chen Zheng , Liu Wei , Weijuan Su  , Zhang Yiping , Lin Mingzhu , Zhao Yan , Li Xuejun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is likely to be associated with increased circulating branched-chain amino acids. We investigated the relationship between changes in branched-chain amino acids levels in the serum and improvement in liver fat content caused by exercise intervention in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The exploratory study included 208 central obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease individuals from an exercise intervention randomized clinical trial for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The participants were randomly assigned to control, moderate, and vigorous-moderate exercise groups for 12 months. Changes in total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine levels from baseline to 6 months were calculated. Liver fat content was determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Reductions in circulating levels of total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, and valine levels from baseline to 6 months were significantly associated with the improvement of liver fat content at 6 months and 12 months (p < 0.01 for all) after adjustments for age, sex, total energy intake, protein intake, intervention groups, HOMA-IR, BMI, liver fat content, total branched-chain amino acids, leucine, and valine at baseline, respectively. These associations were still significant after further adjustments for changes in HOMA-IR and BMI from baseline to 6 months (p < 0.05 for all). Our findings indicated that reductions in circulating branched-chain amino acids levels were associated with an improvement in liver fat content by exercise intervention among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which was independent of changes in BMI or HOMA-IR.
Testicular somatic cell-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells induce differentiation of epiblasts into germ cells
Authors: Rore Holly , Owen Nicholas , Piña-Aguilar Raul Eduardo , Docherty Kevin , Sekido Ryohei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRegeneration of the testis from pluripotent stem cells is a real challenge, reflecting the complexity of the interaction of germ cells and somatic cells. Here we report the generation of testicular somatic cell-like cells (TesLCs) including Sertoli cell-like cells (SCLCs) from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in xeno-free culture. We find that Nr5a1/SF1 is critical for interaction between SCLCs and PGCLCs. Intriguingly, co-culture of TesLCs with epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), rather than PGCLCs, results in self-organised aggregates, or testicular organoids. In the organoid, EpiLCs differentiate into PGCLCs or gonocyte-like cells that are enclosed within a seminiferous tubule-like structure composed of SCLCs. Furthermore, conditioned medium prepared from TesLCs has a robust inducible activity to differentiate EpiLCs into PGCLCs. Our results demonstrate conditions for in vitro reconstitution of a testicular environment from ESCs and provide further insights into the generation of sperm entirely in xeno-free culture.
Recoding of stop codons expands the metabolic potential of two novel Asgardarchaeota lineages
Authors: Sun Jiarui , Evans Paul N , Gagen Emma J , Woodcroft Ben J , Hedlund Brian P , Woyke Tanja , Hugenholtz Philip , Rinke Christian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Asgardarchaeota have been proposed as the closest living relatives to eukaryotes, and a total of 72 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing six primary lineages in this archaeal phylum have thus far been described. These organisms are predicted to be fermentative heterotrophs contributing to carbon cycling in sediment ecosystems. Here, we double the genomic catalogue of Asgardarchaeota by obtaining 71 MAGs from a range of habitats around the globe, including the deep subsurface, brackish shallow lakes, and geothermal spring sediments. Phylogenomic inferences followed by taxonomic rank normalisation confirmed previously established Asgardarchaeota classes and revealed four additional lineages, two of which were consistently recovered as monophyletic classes. We therefore propose the names Candidatus Sifarchaeia class nov. and Ca. Jordarchaeia class nov., derived from the gods Sif and Jord in Norse mythology. Metabolic inference suggests that both classes represent hetero-organotrophic acetogens, which also have the ability to utilise methyl groups such as methylated amines, with acetate as the probable end product in remnants of a methanogen-derived core metabolism. This inferred mode of energy conservation is predicted to be enhanced by genetic code expansions, i.e., stop codon recoding, allowing the incorporation of the rare 21st and 22nd amino acids selenocysteine (Sec) and pyrrolysine (Pyl). We found Sec recoding in Jordarchaeia and all other Asgardarchaeota classes, which likely benefit from increased catalytic activities of Sec-containing enzymes. Pyl recoding, on the other hand, is restricted to Sifarchaeia in the Asgardarchaeota, making it the first reported non-methanogenic archaeal lineage with an inferred complete Pyl machinery, likely providing members of this class with an efficient mechanism for methylamine utilisation. Furthermore, we identified enzymes for the biosynthesis of ester-type lipids, characteristic of bacteria and eukaryotes, in both newly described classes, supporting the hypothesis that mixed ether-ester lipids are a shared feature among Asgardarchaeota.
Direct Bi3+–Bi3+ contacts mediated by lone pairs in the HP-BiNiO(PO4) polymorph
Authors: Colmont Marie , Zadoya Anastasiya , Darie Céline , Domingos Cyril , Leclercq Bastien , Mentré Olivier 
Published: June 2021

HP polytype of BiNiO(PO4) (600 °C, 5 GPa) shows the same structural units as the AP one but in a denser form. Bi–Bi contacts intra/inter units are surprisingly identical due to lone pair electron interaction via sharp σ* bonding at the Fermi level.
Encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles in a block copolymer vesicle wall driven by the interfacial instability of emulsion droplets
Authors: Yu Qunli , Sun Nan , Hu Dengwen , Wang Yaping , Chang Xiaohua , Yan Nan , Zhu Yutian , Li Yongjin 
Published: June 2021

We proposed an effective route, i.e., three-dimensional confined co-assembly of block copolymers and inorganic nanoparticles, to efficiently encapsulate high-density and large-size nanoparticles into the wall of polymeric vesicles.
A multivariable transmission line protection scheme using signal processing techniques
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Pachar Ramesh Kumar , Khan Baseem , Mahela Om Prakash , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar ,   Fellow IET
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper introduced an advanced algorithm making hybrid use of Stockwell transform (ST), Hilbert transform (HT) and Alienation coefficient (ACF) for identification, classification and to locate faulty events on transmission line. Signals of Current are processed by application of ST, HT and ACF for computing S‐index, H‐index and A‐index, respectively. These indices are multiplied element by element to compute proposed fault index (FI). A threshold magnitude is decided after testing the algorithm during different fault scenarios and faulty events are recognized when FI exceeds this threshold magnitude. Faults are categorized by identifying the number of phases which are faulty in nature and a ground fault index (GFI). GFI is designed by processing the zero sequence current using ST and used to identify involvement of ground during fault event. A mathematical formulation is framed to estimate location of faults on transmission line. Fault location has been estimated with a mean error less than 1%. Investigated faults include phase to ground (PGF), double phase (PPF), double phase to ground (PPGF) and three phase to ground (TPGF). Algorithm is found effective for faulty scenario such as fault impedance variations, fault incidence angle (FIA) variations, reverse power flow, effect of line loading, effect of noise, transient faults, off‐nominal frequency, and presence of harmonic components. Algorithm is also effective for discriminating switching transients from faulty conditions. Effective performance of the algorithm is established by comparing with fault detection and classification approach based on alienation coefficients, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and time‐frequency approach. Study is performed on a two terminal transmission line in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Effectiveness of the algorithm is also established on a real time transmission grid of Rajasthan state of India.
EPA oder DHA – das ist hier die Frage!
Authors: Schmiedel Volker 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungAus Eicosapentaensäure und Docosahexaensäure gehen entzündungshemmende Substanzen hervor. Bezüglich des antiinflammatorischen Effekts scheint es keine durchgängigen Unterschiede zwischen den beiden ω-3-Fettsäuren zu geben. Bedeutsamer ist die Gesamtmenge an EPA und DHA. In klinischen Studien zeigen EPA-lastige Öle bei Rheuma stärkere analgetische Effekte. In der Schutzwirkung vor psychischen Erkrankungen bei Jugendlichen sind einer Studie zufolge beide Fettsäuren gleich effektiv. DHA ist bei der Verbesserung kognitiver Funktionen überlegen.
Statine – Hemmung der Mevalonatsynthese mit Folgen
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungStatine sind wegen ihrer cholesterinsenkenden Wirkung sowie weiterer pleiotroper Effekte seit langem Bestandteil der Herz-Kreislauf-Therapie. Es werden jedoch verstärkt schädigende Auswirkungen auf die Funktion der Mitochondrien diskutiert. Über Interaktion mit dem Mevalonatstoffwechsel können Statine die Synthese und Stoffwechselfunktion von Coenzym Q10, Menaquinon (Vitamin K2), selenabhängigen Proteinen und Sexualhormonen beeinträchtigen. Mögliche unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen einer Statintherapie sind z. B. muskuläre Symptome, vermehrte Einlagerung von Kalzium in die Arterienwände, ein erhöhtes Osteoporoserisiko sowie Funktionsstörungen von Organen. Der Haushalt mitotroper Mikronährstoffe ist bei Einnahme von Statinen labordiagnostisch zu überwachen und eine entsprechende Supplementierung ist ratsam, um Wirkung und Verträglichkeit der Therapie zu verbessern.
Kinderwunsch oder Wunschkind
Authors: Pfeiffer Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungFür Zustandekommen und Aufrechterhaltung einer Schwangerschaft muss das Immunsystem mittels regulatorischer T-Zellen Toleranz gegenüber dem für den mütterlichen Organismus fremden Antigen induzieren. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Reaktion des Systems auf die befruchtete Eizelle innerhalb von Stunden erfolgt. Befindet sich das Immunsystem in dieser Zeit in einem proinflammatorischen Modus, findet eine Abstoßung statt. Auch in den ersten 12 Schwangerschaftswochen kann das Immunsystem den noch sehr kleinen Embryo eliminieren. Die ω-3-Fettsäuren DHA und EPA reduzieren die Synthese proinflammatorischer Mediatoren und begünstigen damit die immunologische Toleranz. Supplementierung von mind. 2000 mg DHA/EPA täglich unterstützt eine Fertilitätstherapie.
Application of Industrially Relevant HydroFluoroOlefin (HFO) Gases in Organic Syntheses
Authors: Novák Zoltán , Kotschy András , Varga Bálint , Csenki János T. , Tóth Balázs L. , Béke Ferenc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrofluoroolefin (HFO) gases are state-of-the-art cooling agents with widespread household and industrial applications. Considering their structural benefits these fluorous feedstocks have gained the attention of organic chemists in the last couple of years. In this short review we summarized the existing synthetic transformations of these gaseous starting material and present their applicability in the synthesis of fluorine-containing organic molecules, which have potential importance as building blocks and reagents for diverse syntheses.1	Introduction2	Addition Reactions3	Substitutions4	Organometallic Chemistry4.1	Organolithium Compounds4.2	Organometallic Complexes4.3	Silicon Organic Chemistry4.4	Boron Organic Chemistry4.5	Palladium-Catalyzed Transformations4.6	Metathesis4.7	Hydroesterification, Hydroformylation5	Conclusions
New Cleavable Spacers for Tandem Synthesis of Multiple Oligo­nucleotides
Authors: Hari Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Kazuki , Fuchi Yasufumi , Okabe Masaya , Osawa Takashi , Ito Yuta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis, a single oligonucleotide is generally acquired from a column loaded with a specific solid support. Herein, we have developed new cleavable spacer (CS) derivatives for tandem synthesis of multiple oligonucleotides on a single column­. Four CS analogues were designed, synthesized, and inserted between two oligonucleotide sequences using an automated oligonucleotide synthesizer. The CS derivatives bearing a cyclic cis-1,2-diol exhibited efficient release of the two oligonucleotides under commonly employed basic conditions of aqueous ammonia. Among the CS analogues, it was found that CS with a robust structure can potentially be applied as a spacer molecule in the tandem synthesis of multiple oligonucleotides in a single sequence.
Barriers to Puberty Talk between Mothers and Daughters: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mirzaee Firoozeh , Pouredalati Malihe , Ahmadi Atefeh , Ghazaznfarpour Masumeh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of the present study is to explain the barriers to puberty talk between mothers and daughters.Methods In the present study, the conventional content analysis method was used. The present study was conducted from September 2018 to August 2019 in Iran. The study population consisted of mothers and adolescent girls. The data was collected using purposeful sampling method. The sample consisted of 4 mothers and 6 girls that were interviewed using semistructured interviews. Data collection continued until data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was conducted as described by Graneheim et al. using NVivo 11 software.Results In the present study, after exploring the views of the participants about barriers to puberty talk between mothers and daughters, one dominant theme emerged. Puberty talk is seen as an “inappropriate talk with a girl.” There were several subthemes, including “lack of mother's awareness regarding the school role, the busy schedule of the mother, and the adoption of alternatives to mother's talk with girls”.Conclusions Different sociocultural factors affect puberty talk between mothers and adolescent girls. It is important that mothers and policy makers take these barriers into account.
Comparison between Enzyme Immunoassays Performed on Samples of Dried Blood and Serum for Toxoplasmosis Prenatal Screening: Population-based Study
Authors: Marques Bárbara Araújo , Carellos Ericka Vianna Machado , Silva Vânia Maria Novato , Pereira Fernando Henrique , Guerra Maria Regina Lage , Iturra Jacqueline Araújo Domingos , Januário José Nélio , Andrade Gláucia Manzan Queiroz de 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective Most prenatal screening programs for toxoplasmosis use immunoassays in serum samples of pregnant women. Few studies assess the accuracy of screening tests in dried blood spots, which are of easy collection, storage, and transportation. The goals of the present study are to determine the performance and evaluate the agreement between an immunoassay of dried blood spots and a reference test in the serum of pregnant women from a population-based prenatal screening program for toxoplasmosis in Brazil.
Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to compare the immunoassays Imunoscreen Toxoplasmose IgM and Imunoscreen Toxoplasmose IgG (Mbiolog Diagnósticos, Ltda., Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil)in dried blood spots with the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA, BioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France) reference standard in the serum of pregnant women from Minas Gerais Congenital Toxoplasmosis Control Program.
Results The dried blood spot test was able to discriminate positive and negative results of pregnant women when compared with the reference test, with an accuracy of 98.2% for immunoglobulin G (IgG), and of 95.8% for immunoglobulin M (IgM).
Conclusion Dried blood samples are easy to collect, store, and transport, and they have a good performance, making this a promising method for prenatal toxoplasmosis screening programs in countries with continental dimensions, limited resources, and a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis, as is the case of Brazil.
Von Willebrand Factor Multimeric Assay in Acquired von Willebrand Disease Diagnosis: A Report of Experience from North Estonia Medical Centre
Authors: Pikta Marika , Banys Valdas , Szanto Timea , Joutsi-Korhonen Lotta , Vaide Ines , Varik Mirja , Lehtinen Anna-Elina , Giangrande Paul , Laane Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectives Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare and frequently underdiagnosed bleeding disorder with an unknown prevalence. The diagnosis of AVWS is made based on laboratory investigations and the presence of clinical symptoms. Evaluation and management of affected patients are complex due to the need for multiple laboratory assays.Materials and Methods Here, we describe the clinical and laboratory data of seven patients with a diagnosis of AVWS. All patients met the criteria for AVWS based on laboratory findings, bleeding symptoms, and the absence of any previous history of a bleeding disorder.Results In all cases, the laboratory findings, lack of bleeding anamnesis, and family history suggested the presence of AVWS. Von Willebrand factor multimeric analysis showed decreased high-molecular weight (HMW) multimers in six cases. Patients with lower HMW multimers experienced more severe bleeding complications.Conclusions The diagnosis of AVWS is complex and requires extensive laboratory evaluation. Interdisciplinary collaboration and complex laboratory evaluations are of paramount importance for the early recognition of AVWS and optimal AVWS diagnosis as well as successful clinical management.
Candiduria—Study of Virulence Factors and Its Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Pramodhini Subramanian , Srirangaraj Sreenivasan , Easow Joshy Maducolil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The increased incidence of candiduria in hospitalized patients is due to the use of indwelling devices, long-term antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, and immunocompromised status of the patient. In this study, an attempt was made to speciate, characterize, and determine the antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Materials and Methods A total of 70 Candida isolates were obtained from urine samples. The isolated Candida species were studied for the production of virulence factors like phospholipase, protease activities, hemolysin, and biofilm production. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolated yeasts was done using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL methylene blue by E-test method for amphotericin B, fluconazole, caspofungin, and voriconazole.
Results Out of 70 isolates, Candida tropicalis was the most frequently isolated species (65.7%), followed by Candida albicans (14.3%), Candida glabrata (7.1%), Candida krusei (5.7%), Candida parapsilosis (4.3%), and Candida dubliniensis (2.9%). A total of 37.1% were biofilm producers, 62.9% showed proteinase activity, 38.6% were phospholipase positive, and 58.6% isolates showed hemolytic activity. Antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species showed 38.6, 25.7, 15.7, and 12.9% resistance to amphotericin B, fluconazole, caspofungin, and voriconazole, respectively.
Conclusion A rising trend in isolation of non-albicans Candida from urinary isolates was noticed, which was statistically significant when comparing catheterized and noncatheterized urinary isolates from our study. However, there was no statistically significant difference when different virulence factor expressions were compared among Candida spp. isolated from catheterized and noncatheterized urinary samples. Due to this rise in non-albicans Candida species causing UTI that are intrinsically resistant to certain antifungal agents like azoles and increasing incidence of antifungal resistance, it is essential to monitor the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species causing candiduria.