bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fast and Accurate Analytic Method of Calculating Galaxy Two-point Correlation Functions
Authors: He Chong-Chong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have developed a new analytic method to calculate the galaxy two-point correlation functions accurately and efficiently, applicable to surveys with finite, regular, and mask-free geometries. We have derived simple, accurate formulas of the normalized random–random pair counts RR as functions of the survey area dimensions. We have also suggested algorithms to compute the normalized data-random pair counts DR analytically. With all edge corrections fully accounted for analytically, our method computes RR and DR with perfect accuracy and zero variance in O(1) and O(N
g) time, respectively. We test our method on a galaxy catalog from the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) simulation. Our method calculates RR + DR at a speed 3–6 orders of magnitude faster than the brute-force Monte Carlo method and 2.5 orders of magnitude faster than tree-based algorithms. For a galaxy catalog with 10 million data points in a cube, this reduces the computation time to under 1 minute on a laptop. Our analytic method is favored over the traditional Monte Carlo method whenever applicable. Some applications in the study of correlation functions and power spectra in cosmological simulations and galaxy surveys are discussed. However, we recognize that its applicability is very limited for realistic surveys with masks, irregular shapes, and/or weighted patterns.
Geographic Differences in Rates of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Young and Older Adults: A Comparison of 3 US States
Authors: Ward Michael M. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveRates of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) among Medicare beneficiaries (adults aged ≥ 65 yrs) vary across the United States, with higher rates in the Midwest and West than in the South. It is not known if a similar variation is present among younger patients, or if findings in Medicare reflect selective postponement of TKA in some regions.MethodsData on all primary TKA performed in adults aged ≥ 20 years in 3 states (Iowa, Utah, and Florida) in 2016 were obtained from state inpatient databases. Rates of TKA were computed based on population census data. Age-, sex-, and race-standardized rates were compared between Iowa and Florida, and between Utah and Florida, among adults aged 20–64 years and adults aged ≥ 65 years.ResultsThere were 10,074, 8954, and 43,908 primary TKAs in Iowa, Utah, and Florida, respectively. Standardized rates were higher in Iowa and Utah than in Florida among both adults aged 20–64 years (Iowa:Florida rate ratio [RR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.79–1.99; Utah:Florida RR 2.31, 95% CI 2.18–2.45) and those aged ≥ 65 years (Iowa:Florida RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.35–1.47; Utah:Florida RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.70–1.85). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses limited to White patients, urban residents, and those with a diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.ConclusionTKA rates were higher in Iowa and Utah than in Florida among both younger adults and those aged ≥ 65 years, indicating that geographic differences are not specific to elderly patients.
Communication and Competencies Across Undergraduate BSN Programs and Curricula
Authors: Wittenberg Elaine , Goldsmith Joy V. , Prince-Paul Maryjo , Beltran Emeline 
Published: November 2021

Background:
An investigation was conducted to assess for and describe health communication instruction in entry-level baccalaureate (BSN) programs.

Method:
This cross-sectional descriptive study examined entry-level baccalaureate degree nursing programs in the United States. A three-step process was used: (1) online survey of directors of BSN programs, (2) online survey of simulation directors, and (3) analysis of course titles and descriptions.

Results:
Communication instruction remains primarily knowledge-based rather than skills-based. The findings of this study confirm there is ambiguity in defining the scope of communication instruction across curricula, as well as radical differences in the inclusion of communication in course descriptions and content.

Conclusion:

There is a need for clear definition of the scope of health communication skill development across BSN programs for communication behaviors to be measured and competency to be determined. A knowledge-building approach to communication instruction does not align with new plans for competency-based nursing education.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(11):618–624.]
Telehealth in Nursing Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Foster Melissa , Lioce Lori , Howell Adams Marsha 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Telehealth encompasses a broad variety of technologies and methods to deliver virtual medical, health, and education services. This systematic review examined the research completed in the past 10 years to determine the prevailing state of the science related to nursing education and telehealth.

Method:
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was followed. The criteria for inclusion were nursing education research related to telehealth in an academic setting.

Results:
A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. A lack of rigorous research design, valid and reliable instrumentation, and measurable outcomes were noted.

Conclusion:

This review found a lack of research focused on nursing education associated with telehealth. One article validating 14 nursing telehealth entrustable professional activities with 52 corresponding competencies was found to have the potential to guide curricular integration, measure outcomes, and build a program of telehealth nursing education research.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(11):633–635.]
A Continuing Mission: Development of a Veterans' Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Authors: Crotwell Pullis Bridgette , Rozmus Cathy , Marsau Rex 
Published: November 2021

Background:
With more than two million veterans returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, programs are needed that prepare veterans for careers in civilian life. Veterans desire to continue their education and require assistance accessing their GI Bill, other financial benefits, receipt of college credit for military training and experience, and adapting to the college environment.

Method:
A veterans baccalaureate nursing (VBSN) program addresses the challenges of veterans getting into and staying in school. This VBSN program was developed to provide academic structure and support from a dedicated veteran case manager. Policies were created to address the need for student veterans to petition for course credit based on their military training and experience.

Results/Conclusion:

The VBSN program has been successful, growing from three students to 29 currently enrolled and 34 graduates. This program meets the needs of student veterans while adding to the nursing workforce.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(11):646–650.]
Family Caregivers’ Experience of Patients With Delirium in Critical Care Units: A State-of-the-Science Integrative Review
Authors: Assa Amal Haji , Wicks Mona N. , Umberger Reba A. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Delirium as a sudden cognitive and behavioral change can be traumatic for family caregivers. An understanding of family caregivers’ experiences with delirium in their loved one in an intensive care unit (ICU) will help clinicians provide family-centered care.

Objective
To explore the impact of delirium on, and the needs of, family caregivers of ICU patients with delirium.

Methods
A comprehensive search was done of literature in the PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases published from 2000 to 2020. Primary studies written in English and done in critical care settings were included. Studies that did not focus on the family experience of delirium were excluded. Additional studies were identified by reviewing the reference lists of selected articles. Evidence was synthesized, and common themes were identified.

Results
Among 210 studies, 7 were included after irrelevant and duplicate studies had been removed. Findings were categorized as (1) psychological impacts of a patient’s delirium on family caregivers and (2) family caregivers’ needs. Common psychological impacts included anxiety, depression, concern, fear, anger, uncertainty, shock, insecurity, and disappointment. Family caregivers reported needing informational and emotional support from, and effective communication with, health care professionals.

Conclusions
Family caregivers’ health is crucial to ensuring the effectiveness of family engagement in delirium management. Future studies should consider family caregiver characteristics that could be used to predict psychological symptoms when caregivers are exposed to a patient’s delirium and explore whether specific types of delirium cause more psychological impacts and needs among family caregivers than other types of delirium cause.
Myeloid-Specific Deficiency of Long-Chain Acyl CoA Synthetase 4 Reduces Inflammation by Remodeling Phospholipids and Reducing Production of Arachidonic Acid–Derived Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators
Authors: Reeves Andrew R , Sansbury Brian E , Pan Meixia , Han Xianlin , Spite Matthew , Greenberg Andrew S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In response to infection or tissue damage, resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMACs) produce inflammatory lipid mediators from the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), arachidonic acid (AA). Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) catalyzes the covalent addition of a CoA moiety to fatty acids, with a strong preference for AA and other PUFAs containing three or more double bonds. PUFA-CoA can be incorporated into phospholipids, which is the source of PUFA for lipid mediator synthesis. In this study, we demonstrated that deficiency of Acsl4 in mouse rpMACs resulted in a significant reduction of AA incorporated into all phospholipid classes and a reciprocal increase in incorporation of oleic acid and linoleic acid. After stimulation with opsonized zymosan (opZym), a diverse array of AA-derived lipid mediators, including leukotrienes, PGs, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and lipoxins, were produced and were significantly reduced in Acsl4-deficient rpMACs. The Acsl4-deficient rpMACs stimulated with opZym also demonstrated an acute reduction in mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines, Il6, Ccl2, Nos2, and Ccl5. When Acsl4-deficient rpMACs were incubated in vitro with the TLR4 agonist, LPS, the levels of leukotriene B4 and PGE2 were also significantly decreased. In LPS-induced peritonitis, mice with myeloid-specific Acsl4 deficiency had a significant reduction in leukotriene B4 and PGE2 levels in peritoneal exudates, which was coupled with reduced infiltration of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity as compared with wild-type mice. Our data demonstrate that chronic deficiency of Acsl4 in rpMACs reduces the incorporation of AA into phospholipids, which reduces lipid mediator synthesis and inflammation.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbex and Himalaya Herbal Toothpastes
Authors: Biria Mina , Rezvani Yasaman , Yadegari Zahra , Rahmati Mohammad Hani , Iranparvar Parastoo 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Recently, toothpastes containing herbal antimicrobial ingredients have gained popularity due to their reduced side effects. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two herbal toothpastes and a nonherbal type on pathogens responsible for caries and periodontal disease.

Materials and Methods:
Full and 1:3 concentrations of two herbal toothpastes (Himalaya® and Herbex®) and a nonherbal type as the positive control (Crest® cavity protection) were prepared. Sterile distilled water was considered as the negative control. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) were cultivated on agar plates and incubated after adding toothpaste preparations. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured in millimeters. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey Post-hoc tests were applied at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean margin diameter was higher in full concentration than the diluted 1:3 formula for all examined toothpastes (P < 0.001). All three toothpaste types exerted a significant antimicrobial effect compared to the negative control (P < 0.05). The antimicrobial effect of Herbex® on S. sobrinus was significantly lower than the positive control, and it was significantly less effective against S. mutans compared to Himalaya (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the efficacy of Himalaya® on L. casei and A.a was significantly lower than the positive control (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in other pair comparisons.

Conclusion:
Considering the observed efficacy of herbal toothpastes against cariogenic bacteria and periopathogens, they potentially qualify as complementary agents for self-care oral hygiene procedures.
Essence of Self-governance Illustrated with an Example of the Professional Self-government Body of Legal Counsels (in Poland)
Authors: Kępa Monika 
Published: November 2021

The subject of the article covers the issues concerning the concept of self-government and the constitutionally differentiated types thereof, which realise the principle of decentralisation of public power. The systemic principles of the functioning of the democratic state are defined by the operation of self-governments, including the professional self-government bodies which associate the people who perform the public trust professions. Therefore, it plays a key role both in forming the political system of the state and, consequently, in performing public tasks. The aim of the article is to show the basic features of self-governance which form this concept. It in turn allows to define the essence of self-governance, however, not only abstractly but on a given example – the professional self-government of legal counsels in Poland. The basic thesis of the article is the statement that the self-governance is the best form of exercising power in the democratic systems, which enables the proper performance of the public tasks of major importance. It concerns both the territorial self-governments and professional self-governments, but also, first and foremost, the ones that associate the people who perform the professions of public trust, and the legal counsel is one of such professions.
Cooperativa “El Sembradío”, una sociedad de comercialización, producción y acopio de miel en la ciudad de Escárcega, Campeche, México.
Authors: Rebolledo Gilchrist Fernando 
Published: November 2021

Las cooperativas agrarias son en muchos casos un catalizador que ha generado un cambio del modelo productivo agropecuario, y siguen componiendo un sistema de organización económica y social capaz de articular el desarrollo productivo con el desarrollo económico local y regional.
En el siguiente escrito se plantea entender al cooperativismo como un elemento de cohesión social. Imaginemos que el sistema económico actual, el entorno cultural y social estuviera permeado por la cooperación. Si así fuera, seguramente términos como desigualdad o exclusión social no serían tan comunes o los efectos de la globalización no serían los mismos.
El trabajo busca analizar la contribución concreta del sistema cooperativo al proceso de desarrollo rural y específicamente de desarrollo económico local y regional, estudiando el caso y la experiencia de la cooperativa agrícola El sembradío en el municipio de Escárcega, Campeche. Para ello se utilizó información secundaria de fuentes nacionales y provinciales en torno a la producción de miel en Campeche e información primaria mediante la confección de un cuestionario para un grupo focal de informantes clave que fueron los que fundaron y crearon la estructura actual de la cooperativa.
Palabras clave: Cooperativa, economía solidaria, trabajo comunitario.
Ley de armas. Privatización y comercialización de la seguridad ciudadana
Authors: Campos Henry , Tojeira José María 
Published: November 2021

Según el estudio Activa-IUDOP, en el gran San Salvador se producen alrededor de 1 400 muertes violentas al año, de las cuales el 49.7 por ciento son causadas por armas de fuego. Dentro de este contexto surge la nueva ley de armas que, desde su nacimiento, ha necesitado de reformas. En este artículo, los autores hacen algunas observaciones respecto a esta ley y las agrupan en tres niveles: el jurídico, el de política criminal y el que denominan educativo simbólico. El aporte de la nueva ley al necesario combate de la violencia imperante puede desde ahora calificarse como mínimo, cuando no nulo.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 611, 1999: 763-771.
Niềm tin vào thuốc của người bệnh đái tháo đường týp 2 điều trị ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Thái Bình năm 2020
Authors: Mạnh Ngô Văn , Diệu Bùi Thị Huyền 
Published: November 2021

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang về niềm tin vào sử dụng thuốc nói chung và thuốc đái tháo đường (ĐTĐ) nói riêng ở bệnh nhân ĐTĐ týp 2 đang điều trị ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Thái Bình năm từ tháng 5 tới tháng 9 năm 2020. Dữ liệu trên 268 bệnh nhân được thu thập bằng bộ câu hỏi đã được chuẩn bị sẵn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy điểm trung bình niềm tin của bệnh nhân vào sự lạm dụng thuốc của bác sỹ và sự nguy hại của thuốc nói chung là 8,5 ± 2,2 và 9,2 ± 2,5, và điểm về sự cần thiết và lo lắng về thuốc ĐTĐ lần lượt là 19,5 ± 2,8 và 18,3 ± 4,0 Những yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới sự lo lắng về thuốc ĐTĐ của người bệnh là nữ giới có sự lo lắng về sử dụng thuốc cao hơn nam giới, bệnh nhân càng ít bệnh mắc kèm thì lại càng lo lắng về thuốc ĐTĐ, bệnh nhân sử dụng insulin có xu hướng lo lắng về thuốc cao hơn các bệnh nhân dùng thuốc uống. Những chương trình can thiệp cần được phát triển để đưa nhiều kiến thức hơn cho bệnh nhân, đảm bảo trang bị đầy đủ kiến thức cho họ và tránh những lo lắng không cần thiết ảnh hưởng đến khả năng tuân thủ điều trị của người bệnh.
Deriving column-integrated thermospheric temperature with the N2 Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (2,0) band
Authors: Cantrall Clayton , Matsuo Tomoko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a new technique to derive thermospheric temperature from space-based disk observations of far ultraviolet airglow. The technique, guided by findings from principal component analysis of synthetic daytime Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (LBH) disk emissions, uses a ratio of the emissions in two spectral channels that together span the LBH (2,0) band to determine the change in band shape with respect to a change in the rotational temperature of N2. The two-channel-ratio approach limits representativeness and measurement error by only requiring measurement of the relative magnitudes between two spectral channels and not radiometrically calibrated intensities, simplifying the forward model from a full radiative transfer model to a vibrational–rotational band model. It is shown that the derived temperature should be interpreted as a column-integrated property as opposed to a temperature at a specified altitude without utilization of a priori information of the thermospheric temperature profile. The two-channel-ratio approach is demonstrated using NASA GOLD Level 1C disk emission data for the period of 2–8 November 2018 during which a moderate geomagnetic storm has occurred. Due to the lack of independent thermospheric temperature observations, the efficacy of the approach is validated through comparisons of the column-integrated temperature derived from GOLD Level 1C data with the GOLD Level 2 temperature product as well as temperatures from first principle and empirical models. The storm-time thermospheric response manifested in the column-integrated temperature is also shown to corroborate well with hemispherically integrated Joule heating rates, ESA SWARM mass density at 460 km, and GOLD Level 2 column O/N2 ratio.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Balita Di Desa Pa'lalakkang Kecamatan Galesong
Authors: Alfian S. Abas  , Gobel Fatmah Afriyanti , Arman  
Published: November 2021

Latar belakang: Salah satu faktor yang berperan besar dalam tumbuh kembang anak adalah gizi pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan dimana tumbuh kembang anak memiliki peningkatan paling pesat dan gizi saat ini akan mempengaruhi pembangunan di masa depan. Salah satu masalah yang muncul akibat kekurangan gizi kronis pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan adalah stunting. Masalah kesehatan anak yang saat ini menjadi prioritas utama yang ingin di perbaiki oleh pemerintah yaitu mengenai tumbuh kembang anak. Banyak masalah tumbuh kembang yang terjadi pada anak salah satunya adalah Stunting. Stunting merupakan sebuah kondisi di mana tinggi badan seseorang ternyata lebih pendek dibanding tinggi badan orang lain seusianya yang bersifat kronik pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sejak awal kehidupan. Menganalisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting pada anak balita di Desa Pa’lalakkang Kecamatan Galesong. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan studi case control dan menggunakan pendekatan retrospektif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki anak balita di Desa Pa’lalakkang Kecamatan Galesong. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah 88 responden yaitu 44 kasus dan 44 kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan Chi-Square dengan melihat Odds Ratio (OR). Hasil: Analisis statistik menunjukan bahwa faktor risiko stunting pada anak balita adalah riwayat penyakit inpeksi (P= 0,000 ; OR= 8,33), Pendidikan ibu (P= 0,000 ; OR= 6,96) sedangkan pendapatan keluarga,merupakan faktor protektif terhadap kejadian stunting (P= 0,787 ; OR= 0,86). Kesimpulan: Riwayat penyakit inpeksi, pendidikan ibu merupakan faktor risiko yang bermakna terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak balita. Anak balita dengan riwayat penyakit inpeksi lebih berisiko 8,33 kali mengalami stunting.
Pengaruh Strategi Student Fasilitator And Explaining (SFE) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Qomariyah Nur Laily , Fauzi Akhmad 
Published: November 2021

Salah satu upaya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dapat dilakukan melalui proses pembelajaran yang aktif dan kreatif semisal menggunakan strategi Student Fasilitator and Explaining (SFE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan mengetahui pengaruh strategi SFE dalam pembelajaran daring terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada tema 8 subtema 3 dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, desain penelitian One Group Pretest-Posttest. Pembelajaran dengan startegi SFE ini dilakukan secara online mengingat sekolah belum melakukan tatap muka di masa pandemi ini. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen observasi, penilaian keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, dan berupa instrumen soal Pretest-Posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata observasi sebesar 86,66 termasuk dalam kriteria sangat baik. Hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan meningkat dari 14,3% menjadi 85,7% setelah pembelajaran dengan strategi SFE. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran menggunakan strategi SFE dalam pembelajaran daring pada tema 8 subtema 3 terlaksana dengan sangat baik berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas IV di MI Darussalam Pacet.