bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of trace aromatic copolyamide 6 with tunable mechanical and viscoelastic behavior
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hao , Lee Yi‐Huan , Rwei Syang‐Peng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBis(6‐aminohexyl) terephthalamide/adipic acid (BAHT‐AA) was chosen to be used as a comonomer to develop a novel polyamide 6 (PA6) with the trace‐content aromatic structure. A series of polyamide 6 copolymers (coPA6) with trace BAHT‐AA loading were synthesized to yield the modified copolyamides with multiple interactions of hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking on the PA6 backbone. It was proved that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of coPA6 were significantly enhanced because of the introduction of the trace BAHT‐AA segment. More importantly, adding a trace (1, 2, and 4 mole%) of BAHT‐AA could effectively increase the network structure and highly decrease the free volume fraction in the polymer system that is proved by the relaxation behavior and melt viscoelastic behavior. The results showed that the integrated performances of coPA6 were better than that of pure PA6, which was highly correlated with the aforementioned multiple interactions. For example, outstanding tensile strength (73.0 vs. 56.8 MPa), and modulus (1167 vs. 929 MPa), and so on. This work provided the traditional PA6 with the modification of outstanding mechanical and thermal performances, thus expanding its application for the plastics and textile industries.
Pepsin immobilization by electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers
Authors: Loredo‐Alejos Julia M. , Lucio‐Porto Raul , Pavón Luis Lopez , Moreno‐Cortez Ivan E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe enzyme pepsin (E.C. 3.4.23.1, strength ≥400 μ/mg) was immobilized in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers for the first time by the electrospinning technique. The morphology of the nanofibers analyzed by SEM showed a diameter in the nanometric range of 70–165 nm. The presence of pepsin in the nanofibrous matrix was proved by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The immobilization process was carried out through crosslinking by exposure to glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor. The thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the effect of crosslinking time and enzyme concentration on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and heat of fusion (Hf) of the nanofibrous matrix. The optimum catalytic performance of the immobilized pepsin was reached at pH 3, 1 h of crosslinking and 25% of enzyme concentration. The enzymatic activity of immobilized pepsin reached 96% of the crude enzyme. The immobilization process allowed 4 cycles of reuse and up to 10 days of storage for the crosslinked samples. PVA nanofibers was successfully used as vehicle for the encapsulation and immobilization of the pepsin enzyme.
The evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy: From antiquity to modern times
Authors: Ghosh Sanjib Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPresent day scenario regarding epistemological methods in anatomy is in sharp contrast to the situation during ancient period. This study aimed to explore the evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy across centuries. In ancient times Egyptian embalmers acquired anatomical knowledge from handling human bodies and likewise anatomical studies in India involved human dissection. Ancient Greeks used theological principles‐based methods, animal dissection and human dissection in practice of anatomy. Human dissection was also practiced in ancient China for gaining anatomical knowledge. Prohibition of human dissection led to use of animal dissection in ancient Rome and the trend continued in Europe through Middle Ages. Epistemological methods used by Muslim scholars during Middle Ages are not clearly chronicled. Human dissection returned as primary epistemological method in Renaissance Europe and empirical methods were reinstated after ancient period in human dissection during 16th century. The situation further improved with introduction of pragmatic experiment based approach during 17th century and autopsy‐based methods during 18th century. Advances in anatomical knowledge continued with advent of microscope‐based methods and emergence of anatomical sections in practice of human dissection in 19th century. Introduction of human observational studies, medical imaging, and molecular methods presented more options in terms of epistemological methods for investigating the human body during 20th century. Onset of 21st century has witnessed dominance of technology‐based methods in anatomy. Limited emphasis on ethics in epistemological methodologies since antiquity is a dark aspect of otherwise an eventful evolutionary journey but recent developments are in positive direction.
1,2,3‐Triazole hybrids as anticancer agents: A review
Authors: Alam Mohammad Mahboob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the advancements in the development of anticancer agents, more effective and safer anticancer drugs still need to be developed as the current agents cause unwanted side effects and many patients have become drug resistant. 1,2,3‐Triazoles, due to their remarkable biological potential, have received considerable attention in drug discovery for the development of anticancer agents. The present review article presents an overview of the recent advances in 1,2,3‐triazole hybrids with anticancer potential over the last 2 years, their chemical structures, structure–activity relationships, and mechanisms of action, as well as insights into the docking studies.
Estimation of Li‐Ion Degradation Test Sample Sizes Required to Understand Cell‐to‐Cell Variability**
Authors: Dechent Philipp , Greenbank Samuel , Hildenbrand Felix , Jbabdi Saad , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Howey David A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAgeing of lithium‐ion batteries results in irreversible reduction in performance. Intrinsic variability between cells, caused by manufacturing differences, occurs throughout life and increases with age. Researchers need to know the minimum number of cells they should test to give an accurate representation of population variability, since testing many cells is expensive. In this paper, empirical capacity versus time ageing models were fitted to various degradation datasets for commercially available cells assuming the model parameters could be drawn from a larger population distribution. Using a hierarchical Bayesian approach, we estimated the number of cells required to be tested. Depending on the complexity, ageing models with 1, 2 or 3 parameters respectively required data from at least 9, 11 or 13 cells for a consistent fit. This implies researchers will need to test at least these numbers of cells at each test point in their experiment to capture manufacturing variability.
One‐time Electromagnetic Irradiation Modifies Stress‐sensitive Gene Expressions in Rice Plant
Authors: Kundu Ardhendu , Vangaru Sathish , Bhowmick Sucharita , Bhattacharyya Somnath , Mallick Amirul I. , Gupta Bhaskar 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTElectromagnetic energy is utilized over multiple frequency bands to provide seamless wireless communication services. Plants can well perceive electromagnetic energy present in open environment due to reasonably high permittivity and electrical conductivity of constituent tissues. Moreover, higher surface‐to‐volume ratio of plant structure facilitates increased interaction with the incident electromagnetic waves. To date, a few well‐designed studies have been conducted inside controlled electromagnetic reverberation chambers to investigate either short duration‐low amplitude or long duration‐periodic electromagnetic irradiation‐induced molecular responses in plants. However, as far as is known, studies investigating molecular responses particularly at the mid‐vegetative stage in plants following one‐time (hours‐long) electromagnetic irradiation have not been reported earlier. Hence, the present study aimed at investigating molecular responses in 40‐day‐old Swarnaprabha rice plants following one‐time 1837.50 MHz, 2.75 mW/m2 electromagnetic irradiation of 2 h 30 min duration. Controlled electromagnetic irradiation inside a simple reverberation chamber was ensured to achieve pure electromagnetic environment at 1837.50 MHz with deterministic electromagnetic power density at selected position. Swarnaprabha rice plant was chosen for this investigation since the rice variety is widely cultivated and consumed in the Indian subcontinent. Subsequent alterations in some selected stress‐sensitive gene expressions were assayed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique—significant upregulation in calmodulin and phytochrome B gene expressions were noted. This investigation was purposefully focused on subsequent molecular responses immediately following electromagnetic irradiation so that the possible effects of secondary stimulations could be avoided. Observed molecular responses strongly suggested that plants perceive 1837.50 MHz, 2.75 mW/m2 electromagnetic irradiation similar to other injurious stimuli. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Interactions between dietary polyphenols and aging gut microbiota: A review
Authors: Davinelli Sergio , Scapagnini Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAging induces significant shifts in the composition of gut microbiota associated with decreased microbial diversity. Age‐related changes in gut microbiota include a loss of commensals and an increase in disease‐associated pathobionts. These alterations are accelerated by lifestyle factors, such as poor nutritional habits, physical inactivity, and medications. Given that diet is one of the main drivers shaping the gut microbiota, nutritional interventions for restoring gut homeostasis are of great importance to the overall health of older adults. Polyphenols, ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables, have emerged as promising anti‐aging candidates because of their ability to modulate some of the common denominators of aging, including gut dysbiosis. These compounds can influence the composition of the gut microbiota, and gut bacteria metabolize polyphenols into bioactive compounds that produce relevant health effects. Although the role of polyphenols on the aging gut has not been fully characterized, accumulating evidence suggests that these compounds exert selective effects on the gut microbial community. Here, we discuss the reciprocal interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota and summarize the latest findings on the effects of polyphenols on modulating intestinal bacteria during aging.
Vitamin D and colorectal cancer: Chemopreventive perspectives through the gut microbiota and the immune system
Authors: Rinninella Emanuele , Mele Maria Cristina , Raoul Pauline , Cintoni Marco , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVitamin D and its receptor are involved in health and diseases through multiple mechanisms including the immune system and gut microbiota modulations. Gut microbiota variations have huge implications in intestinal and extra‐intestinal disorders such as colorectal cancer (CRC). This review highlights the preventive role of vitamin D in colorectal tumorigenesis through the effects on the immune system and gut microbiota modulation. The different associations between vitamin D, gut microbial homeostasis, immune system, and CRC, are dissected. Vitamin D is supposed to exert several chemopreventive effects on CRC including direct antineoplastic mechanisms, the effects on the immune system, and gut microbiota modulation. Large clinical studies with a randomized design, are required to confirm the role of vitamin D in CRC, confirming its key role in the complex interplay between the gut immune system and microbiota.
Connecting research and teaching introductory cell and molecular biology using an Arabidopsis mutant screen
Authors: Liu Jinjie , Cook Ron , Danhof Linda , Lopatto David , Stoltzfus Jon R. , Benning Christoph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA complex research project was translated into a Course‐based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE), which was implemented in sections of an introductory Cell and Molecular Biology laboratory course. The research laboratory generated an engineered plant line producing a growth‐inhibiting, lipid‐derived plant hormone and mutagenized this line. Students in the CURE cultured the mutagenized plant population and selected and characterized suppressor mutants. They learned to observe phenotypes related to the biosynthesis and perception of the plant hormone and explored the genetic and biochemical basis of these phenotypes. As the students studied the relevant genetic, molecular and biochemical concepts during this CURE, they were able to translate this knowledge into practice and develop scientific arguments. This CURE was a successful collaboration between the teaching lab and the research lab. It benefited both parties as the students had a real‐life, deep learning experience in scientific methodology, while the research lab gathered data and materials for further studies.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging: An efficient tool for evaluating age‐related changes in rat brains
Authors: Han Xue‐Fang , Geng Zuo‐Jun , Zhu Qing‐Feng , Song Zhen‐Hu , Lv Huan‐Di 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and determine age‐related changes in rat brains by studying the diffusion kurtosis imaging results among different age groups of rats.MethodsSprague–Dawley (SD) rats underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI). Two diffusion values of mean kurtosis (MK) and kurtosis (K⊥) were measured and analyzed based on laterality, brain regions and age groups. The MK and K⊥ data were plotted against different age groups.ResultsNo laterality was found for the MK or K⊥ values in the cerebral cortex (CT), external capsule (EC), or caudate putamen (CPu) regions. In contrast, significant changes in these values were observed among different age groups. Changes of the MK and K⊥ values were significant in both hemispheres in the EC, the CT, and the CPu brain regions. The changes in the MK and K⊥ values showed a parabolic relationship with ages in all the brain regions.ConclusionNo laterality in the MK and K⊥ values was observed for the EC, CT, or CPu regions of the rat brain. Significant changes in MK and K⊥ values were both observed among different age groups, thus suggesting diffusion kurtosis imaging as an efficient tool for studying brain aging in rats.
Detethering the superficial temporal artery: Application to tension free superficial temporal artery‐middle cerebral artery bypasses
Authors: Mathkour Mansour , Werner Cassidy , Scullen Tyler , Fennell Vernard S. , Nerva John , Amenta Peter S. , Iwanaga Joe , Dumont Aaron S. , Bui C. J. , Mortazavi Martin M. , Hur Mi‐Sun , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtracranial–intracranial bypass has been shown to be effective in the surgical treatment of moyamoya disease, complex aneurysms, and tumors that involve proximal vasculature in carefully selected patients. Branches of the superficial temporal artery (STA) are used commonly for the bypass surgery; however, an appropriate length of the donor vessel must be harvested to avoid failure secondary to anastomotic tension. The goal of this cadaveric study was to investigate quantitatively operative techniques that can increase the STA length available to facilitate tension‐free STA‐middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass. We conducted a cadaveric study using a total of 16 sides in eight cadavers. Measurements of the STA trunk with its frontal branch (STAfb) were taken before and after skeletonization and detethering of the STA with the STAfb and mobilization of the parietal branch of the STA. A final measurement of the STA with the STAfb was taken for the free length gained toward visible proximal cortical branches of the MCA. Paired student's t‐tests were used to compare the mean length before and after mobilization and unpaired t‐tests to analyze according to laterality. The mean length of the STA with the STAfb was 9.0 cm prior to modification. After skeletonization and mobilization, the mean lengths increased significantly to 10.5 and 11.3 cm, respectively (p < 0.05). Especially in the cases that had the coiled and tortuous STA, skeletonization was considerably effective to increase the length of the STA with the STAfb. After simulating a bypass by bringing the STAfb to the recipient MCA site, the mean extended length of the STA with the STAfb was 3.0 cm. There were no statistically significant differences between sides in all measurements. We report a significant increase in the mean STA length available (3.0 cm) following skeletonization and mobilization. Clinical applications of the extended length of the STA with the STAfb may facilitate tension‐free STA‐MCA bypasses and improve outcomes. Further studies are needed in a clinical context.
Association of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pathological complete response and prognosis in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Hong Jin , Rui Weiwei , Fei Xiaochun , Chen Xiaosong , Shen Kunwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer.Patients and methodsConsecutive breast cancer patients treated with NAC between August 2008 and November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. TIL levels were evaluated of invasive tumor samples, and high expression was defined as TILs >10%. Total pathological complete response (pCR) was defined as no invasive tumor in the breast or lymph nodes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess factors associated with pCR rate, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival.ResultsA total of 461 patients were included. The mean pre‐NAC TIL level was higher among patients with pCR than among patients without pCR (24.28% ± 2.34% vs. 11.34% ± 0.60%, respectively, p < 0.0001). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that a high pre‐NAC TIL level was an independent risk factor for a higher pCR (odds ratio = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.23–6.90, p < 0.001). Patients with high pre‐NAC TIL levels had a better 5‐year DFS than those with low pre‐NAC TIL levels (84.5% vs. 68.9%, HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.31–0.81, p = 0.005). The multivariate analysis showed that pre‐NAC TIL (HR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.29–0.81, p = 0.006) but not post‐NAC TIL (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.50–1.59, p = 0.699) was significantly associated with DFS among patients without pCR. Furthermore, patients with low pre‐ and post‐NAC TIL levels had a worse 5‐year DFS than those with high pre‐NAC TIL levels (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.23–3.56, p = 0.007).ConclusionsPre‐NAC TIL level can predict pCR and DFS in patients with breast cancer receiving NAC. For patients without pCR, pre‐NAC TIL, and TIL category change, but not post‐NAC TIL, were significantly associated with DFS.
Evaluating the prognostic contributions of TNM classifications and building novel staging schemes for middle ear squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Ke , Pang Wendu , Qiu Jianqing , Li Junhong , Cheng Danni , Rao Yufang , Dong Yijun , Mao Minzi , Liu Qiurui , Mu Xiaosong , Zhang Wei , Xu Wei , Ren Jianjun , Zhao Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundA universally acknowledged cancer staging system considering all aspects of the T‐, N‐, and M‐classifications for middle ear squamous cell carcinoma (MESCC) remains absent, limiting the clinical management of MESCC patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 214 MESCC patients were extracted from the SEER (the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database between 1973 and 2016. The relationships between patient’s characteristics and prognoses were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Novel staging schemes for MESCC were designed by adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) modeling method according to the combinations of Stell’s T‐classification and the eighth AJCC N‐ and M‐classifications, of which performances were evaluated based on five criteria: hazard consistency, hazard discrimination, explained variation, likelihood difference, and balance.ResultsT‐classification was the most significant prognostic factor for MESCC patients in multivariable analysis (p = 0.021). The N‐ and M‐classifications also had obvious prognostic effect but were not statistically significant by multivariate analysis due to the limited metastasis events. Three novel staging schemes (AHR‐Ⅰ–Ⅲ models, different combination of T‐ and N‐classifications) and ST (solely derived from Stell’s T‐classification) were developed, among which the AHR‐Ⅰ staging scheme performed best.ConclusionsTumor extension, quantified by Stell’s T‐classification, is the most significant prognostic factor for MESCC patients. However, our AHR‐Ⅰ staging scheme, a comprehensive staging scheme that integrating T‐, N‐, and M‐classifications, might be an optimal option for clinical practitioners to predict MESCC patients’ prognosis and make proper clinical decisions.
Post‐COVID‐19 co‐morbidity of emerged Lophomonas infection and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: First case report
Authors: Sharifpour Ali , Zakariaei Zakaria , Fakhar Mahdi , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Nakhaei Maryam , Soleymani Mostafa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to long corticosteroid therapy in patients with COVID‐19, in case of cough, dyspnea, and weight loss, emerging pulmonary aspergillosis and lophomoniasis should be ruled out.
Profound decrease of liver maximum function capacity test of isoflurane sedated patients: A report of three cases
Authors: Schwier Elke , Kirchner Carmen , Eickmeyer Claas , Winde Günther , Henzler Dietrich , Köhler Thomas 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTLiMAx 13C‐methacetin breath test results should be interpreted with caution in patients sedated with isoflurane.
Mature ovarian teratoma with gliomatosis peritonei: A rare case report
Authors: Bajracharya Anu , Shrestha Suraj , Singh Moushumi , Dhakal Hari Prasad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGliomatosis peritonei (GP) is rarely observed along with mature ovarian teratoma. However, it is important to recognize the benign nature of GP when associated with mature ovarian teratoma. Treatment for primary tumor and long‐term follow‐up is vital.
A case of diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with COVID‐19 and newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ishii Keitaro , Suwanai Hirotsugu , Saito Taishi , Motohashi Naoki , Hirayama Masaru , Kondo Aya , Sano Kouji , Shikuma Jumpei , Ito Rokuro , Miwa Takashi , Suzuki Ryo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo improve severe ketoacidosis with COVID‐19, insulin treatment, invasive mechanical ventilation therapy, and continuous hemodiafiltration with sodium bicarbonate infusion were effective.
Forging C−S Bonds Through Decarbonylation: New Perspectives for the Synthesis of Privileged Aryl Sulfides
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Szostak Michal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAryl thioethers are tremendously important motifs in various facets of chemical science. Traditional technologies for the precise assembly of aryl thioethers rely on transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl halides; however, despite the continuous advances, the scope of these methods remains limited. Recently a series of reports has advanced an alternative manifold in which thio(esters) are subject to transition‐metal‐catalyzed decarbonylation, which (1) permits to exploit ubiquitous carboxylic acids as highly desirable and orthogonal precursors to aryl halides; (2) overcomes the issues of high concentration of thiolate anion leading to catalyst poisoning; (3) enables for novel disconnections not easily available from aryl halides; and (4) introduces new concepts in catalysis.