bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodegradation of atmospheric chromophores: changes in oxidation state and photochemical reactivity
Authors: Mu Zhen , Chen Qingcai , Zhang Lixin , Guan Dongjie , Li Hao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric chromophoric organic matter (COM) plays a fundamental
role in photochemistry and aerosol aging. However, the effects of
photodegradation on chemical components and photochemical reactivity of COM
remain unresolved. Here, we report the potential effects of photodegradation on carbon contents, optical properties, fluorophore components and photochemical reactivity in aerosol. After 7 d of photodegradation, fluorescent intensity and the absorption coefficient of COM decrease by 71.4 % and 32.0 %, respectively. Photodegradation makes a difference to the chemical component of chromophore and the degree of aerosol aging. Low-oxidation humic-like substance (HULIS) is converted into high-oxidation HULIS due to photooxidation. Photodegradation also changes the photochemical
reactivity. The generation of triplet-state COM (3COM*) decreases
slightly in ambient particulate matter (ambient PM) but increases in primary organic aerosol (POA) following photodegradation. The results highlight that the opposite effect of photodegradation on photochemical reactivity in POA and ambient PM. However, the generation of singlet-oxygen (1O2) decreases obviously in POA and ambient PM, which could be attributed to photodegradation of precursors of 1O2. The combination of optical property, chemical component and reactive oxygen species has an important impact on the air quality. The new insights on COM photodegradation in aerosol reinforce the importance of studying dissolved organic matter (DOM) related with the photochemistry and aerosol aging.
Empirical evidence of a fluctuation theorem for the wind mechanical power input into the ocean
Authors: Wirth Achim , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Ocean dynamics is predominantly driven by the shear stress between the atmospheric winds and ocean currents. The mechanical power input to the ocean is fluctuating in space and time and the atmospheric wind sometimes decelerates the ocean currents. Building on 24 years of global satellite observations, the input of mechanical power to the ocean is analysed.
A fluctuation theorem (FT) holds when the logarithm of the ratio between the occurrence of positive and negative events, of a certain magnitude of the power input, is a linear function of this magnitude and the averaging period. The flux of mechanical power to the ocean shows evidence of a FT for regions within the recirculation area of the subtropical gyre but not over extensions of western boundary currents. A FT puts a strong constraint on the temporal distribution of fluctuations of power input, connects variables obtained with different lengths of temporal averaging, guides the temporal down- and up-scaling and constrains the episodes of improbable events.
An Approach to an Online EdD in Community College Leadership Program
Authors: Harrington Christine , Hooper Kimberlee , Hughes AnnMarie , Klein Eric , Melendez John , Siddique Faraz , Wasserman Ellen 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to provide an example of how an EdD in Community College Leadership program is offered in an online format. First, the benefits of online programs, including increased access and flexibility for working professionals and higher levels of diversity among the student body are discussed. Then, several strategies to promote connection among students and to facilitate a supportive, engaging learning environment virtually are shared. For example, the value of using a cohort model, a carefully designed curriculum with assignments that have practical value, and a balance of synchronous and asynchronous learning activities is described. Finally, the important role of and strategies for incorporating models and mentors into an online doctoral program are discussed.
Building and Sustaining Community in an Online EdD Program
Authors: Buss Ray R. , Wolf Leigh Graves 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this essay, we have described how we build and sustain community in our online EdD program. Initially, we discussed our understanding of community and its influence on our efforts. Then, we discussed three important theoretical frameworks—Wenger’s Community of Practice, Garrison et al.’s Community of Inquiry, and Morris and Stommel’s Critical Digital Pedagogy—and how those frameworks helped to shape our efforts in building and sustaining an online community. Next, we discussed strategies/processes that we have successfully used to build and sustain community in our online program. These strategies were grouped around three kinds of relationships that have been central to community formation, interaction, and continuation—student-to-student, student-to-faculty, and student-to-broader-community. We discussed specific strategies such as the Leadership Challenge, Doctoral Research Conference, an online program “Hub,” comprehensive and immediate feedback, mentoring, and Leader Scholar Communities, that we have found to be particularly useful in building and sustaining an online community.
The troll under the bridge: should Australian publishers of young adult literature act as moral-gatekeepers?
Authors: Plozza Shivaun 
Published: August 2021

In the world of Young Adult Literature, the perceived impact of certain texts on the moral, social and psychological development of its readers is a cause for debate. The question ‘what is suitable content for a pre-adult readership’ is one guaranteed to produce conflicting, polarising and impassioned responses. Within the context of this debate, the essay explores a number of key questions. Do publishers have a moral obligation to avoid certain topics or should they be pushing the boundaries of teen fiction further? Is it the role of the publisher to consider the impact of books they publish to a teenage audience? Should the potential impact of a book on its reader be considered ahead of a book’s potential to sell and make money? This article analyses criticism and praise for two ‘controversial’ Australian Young Adult books: Sonya Hartnett’s Sleeping Dogs (1997) and John Marsden’s Dear Miffy (1997). It argues that ‘issues-books’ are necessary to the development of teens, and publishers should continue to push the envelope of teen fiction while ensuring they make a concerted effort to produce quality, sensitive and challenging books for a teen market.
Introduction: Queer writing – setting the scene
Authors: Jay Daniel Thompson Dallas J Baker and 
Published: August 2021

This act of writing produces something of a genealogy of the various notions of writing and text that have circulated within the critical or scholarly domain. It also discusses the convergence of notions of writing with certain ideas from Queer Theory, such as performativity (Butler 1990), that resulted in the emergence of what might be called Queer Writing. The article also acts as an introduction to the works contained in Beyond Australia Queer, a special Queer issue of _TEXT: Journal of Writing and Writing Courses.
PROMOTION OF PHARMACY ORGANIZATIONS SERVICES IN CONDITIONS OF NON-PRICE COMPETITION
Authors: КАЙТБЕК А.К. , ДЮСЕМБИНОВА Г.А. 
Published: August 2021

В статье представлены обзорные данные по проведению маркетингового продвижения аптечных организаций в современных условиях неценовой конкуренции. Показаны методы привлечения клиентов в аптечные организации при помощи мерчендайзинга, рекламы и квалифицированного персонала.
The article presents an overview of the marketing promotion of pharmacy organizations in modern conditions of non-price competition. Methods of attracting customers to pharmacy organizations with the help of merchandising, advertising and qualified personnel are shown. Purpose. To identify the sales promotion tools used in pharmacies; and to identify the effective sales promotion tools that most influence the consumer's purchase decision. Materials and Methods. The article used the method of theoretical research, which is based on the analysis, comparison, specification of available information, as well as the synthesis of the necessary information. We have analyzed the literature data and on the basis of the information obtained identified the main characteristics affecting the attractiveness of the pharmacy in the eyes of the consumer.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR COLLECTION, DRYING AND STORAGE OF MEDICINAL PLANT RAW MATERIALS OF FERULA ZAILIYSKAYA (FERULA TRANSILIENSIS)
Authors: Оразбай К.К. , Сакипова З.Б. , Ибрагимова Л.Н. , Жумашова Г.Т. 
Published: August 2021

В статье представлена надлежащая технология сбора, обработки, сушки и хранения лекарственного растительного сырья корней ферулы заилийской (Ferula transiliensis). В соответствии с результатами исследований установлен оптимальный период сбора корней - ранней весной и поздней осенью, по окончании вегетационного периода. В данный период происходит максимальное накопление эфирных масел в органах растении. Рекомендовано производить сушку на открытом воздухе в тени, без воздействия прямых солнечных лучей или в сушилках при температуре не выше 40°С и периодически их переворачивая. Установлены условия хранения: температура не выше 25°С, влажность 50±5%, в хорошо проветриваемом помещении.
The article presents the proper technology for the collection, processing, drying and storage of medicinal plant raw materials of the roots of the Ferula transiliensis. The optimal period for collecting roots - in early spring and late autumn, at the end of the growing season, was established by the research results. During this period, the maximum accumulation of essential oils in the organs of the plant occurs. It is recommended to dry the raw materials in the open air in the shade, without exposure to direct sunlight, or in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 40° C, and periodically turn them over. Storage conditions are established: temperature not higher than 25 ° C, humidity 50 ± 5%, in well-ventilated premises.
EXPERIENCE WITH THE USE OF ALUVIA IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MODERATE COVID-19
Authors: Кошкимбаев Б. Б. , Кунградбаева А. Ж. , Сахиева Б. А. 
Published: August 2021

В настоящее время этиологическое лечение корона вирусной инфекции COVID-19 SARS CoV-2 не выявлено. Было исследовано влияние различных групп противовирусных препаратов на коронавирус. В ряде стран активно применялся лекарственный препарат Алувиа против коронавируса (комбинированный лопинавир и ритонавир). В данной научной работе представлены результаты применения высоко активных антиретро вирусных препаратов при коронавирусной инфекции.Лопинавир - ингибитор протеаз ВИЧ-1 и ВИЧ-2 - предотвращает расщепление gagpol-полипротеина, приводя к продукции незрелого неинфекционного вируса. Ритонавир - пептидомиметический ингибитор ВИЧ-1 и ВИЧ-2 аспартил протеаз. Торможение ВИЧ-протеазы делает этот фермент неспособным к обработке предшественника gag pol полипротеина, что приводит к образованию морфологически незрелых ВИЧ частиц, не способных к инициированию новых циклов инфицирования. [1]
Currently, no etiological treatment of COVID-19 SARS CoV-2 coronavirus infection has been identified. The influence of various antiviral drug groups on the coronavirus was studied. One of them is the drug lopinavir \\ritonavir. This scientific paper presents an analysis of the experience of using highly active antiretroviral drugs in coronavirus infection. Lopinaviran inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV - 2 proteases prevents the cleavage of gagpolpolyprotein, leading to the production of an immature noninfectious virus.Ritonavir is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 aspartyl proteases. Inhibition of HIV protease makes this enzyme unable to process the gag pol precursor polyprotein, which leads to the formation of morphologically immature HIV particles that are not able to initiate new infection cycles. [1]
ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF MAJOR INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND IN COVID-19
Authors: УТЕПБЕРГЕНОВА Г.А. , КУЛЬЖАНОВА К.Д. , НАСЫРОВА К.Б. , НАУРЫЗОВА А.А. 
Published: August 2021

В настоящей статье проведен анализ антибиотикочувствительности штаммов из различных биоматериалов в ШГИБ за 2017 год и чувствительности к антибиотикам у пациентов с диагнозом Covid -19, находившиеся на лечении в ГИБ в период с 26.03 по 31.07.2020г. Установлено, что штаммы вышеуказанных бактерий обладают различным спектром антибиотикорезистентности и они должны включаться в схему этиотропной терапии после определения антибиотикочувствительности штамма, выделенного от больного.
This article analyzes the antibiotic sensitivity of strains from various biomaterials in the SHGIB for 2017 and the sensitivity to antibiotics in patients diagnosed with Covid-19 who were treated in the GIB in the period from 26.03 to 31.07.2020. It was found that the strains of the above-mentioned bacteria have a different spectrum of antibiotic resistance and they should be included in the etiotropic therapy regimen after determining the antibiotic sensitivity of the strain isolated from the patient
Footprints: Hydrothermal Alteration and Geochemical Dispersion Around Porphyry Copper Deposits
Authors: Halley Scott , Dilles John H. , Tosdal Richard M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Whole-rock lithogeochemical analyses combined with short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy provide a rapid and cost-effective method for prospecting for porphyry-type hydrothermal systems. Lithogeochemistry detects trace metals to average crustal abundance levels and allows vectoring via gradients of chalcophile and lithophile elements transported by magmatic-hydrothermal ore and external circulating fluids that are dispersed and trapped in altered rocks. Of particular use are alkalis in sericite and metals such as Mo, W, Se, Te, Bi, As, and Sb, which form stable oxides that remain in weathered rocks and soils. SWIR mapping of shifts in the 2,200-nm Al-OH absorption feature in sericite define paleofluid pH gradients useful for vectoring toward the center of the buoyant metal-bearing magmatic-hydrothermal plume.
Impact of Prolonged Duration of Symptoms on Mental Health in Anterior Cervical Disectomy and Fusion Patients
Authors: Lynch Conor P. , Cha Elliot D. K. , Mohan Shruthi , Geoghegan Cara E. , Jadczak Caroline N. , Singh Kern 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Prolonged duration of symptoms is associated with worse pain and disability in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Our study aims to determine the effect of symptom duration on severity of depression among ACDF patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed a prospective surgical database from 2006 to 2019 for primary, single, or multilevel ACDF. Patients missing the duration of symptom information or patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were excluded. PROMs included Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 12-Item Short Form Mental Component Score, and 12-Item Veterans RAND Mental Component Score and were collected at preoperative, 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year timepoints. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using the established values. Patients were categorized based on preoperative duration of symptoms as follows: <6 months, ≥6 months and <1 year, 1 to 2 years, and >2 years. Univariate analysis was done to determine differences in demographics and perioperative characteristics. Intergroup differences in PROMs and MCID achievement were evaluated using linear regression and logistic regression, respectively.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-one ACDF patients included had a mean age of 49.6 years and most were male (61.0%) and nonobese (<30 kg/m2; 55.0%). The groups differed by their American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (P = 0.029), workers' compensation status (P = 0.022), and diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus (P = 0.010). Postoperative mental health outcomes did not significantly differ between duration groups except for Veterans Rand-12 Mental Component Score at 12 weeks (P = 0.044). MCID achievement rates did not significantly differ.

Conclusion:
Patients undergoing ACDF largely did not demonstrate differences in mental health scores or achievement of MCID based on the duration of symptoms.
Top Three Learning Platforms for Orthopaedic In-Training Knowledge Produce Different Results
Authors: Margalit Adam , Mixa Patrick , Day Louis , Marrache Majd , Mitchell Stuart , Suresh Krishna V. , Wang Kevin , Sabharwal Samir , Li Tuo Peter , Loeb Alexander , Naziri Qais , Henn R. Frank , Laporte Dawn 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To compare the influence of objective and subjective measures of the three learning programs (OrthoBullets [OB], ResStudy [RS], and Clinical Classroom [CC]) on resident test performance and study platform preference.

Methods:
Sixty residents from three orthopaedic residencies were included in this study during May 2020. Trauma, pediatrics, and hip/knee reconstruction (joints) were chosen as testing topics. Residents took a standardized pretest of 30 questions per topic, followed by the completion of 50 questions per day for 5 days using one of the three web-based programs, followed by a standardized subject-specific posttest. This cycle was repeated for all the three topics. Bivariate statistics and a mixed-effects linear regression model were used to compare improvements in the scores.

Results:
Across all learning platforms, topics, and postgraduate year classes, posttest scores were 4.4% higher than the pretest score (73.3% vs. 68.9%, P < 0.001): 6.8% higher with OB, 5.4% with RS, and 1.0% with CC. The score improvement with OB was significantly greater than the score improvement with CC (P < 0.001). In total, 100% of residents reported that using OB would improve their score on the orthopaedic in-training examination, compared with 95% with RS and 67% with CC.

Conclusion:
OB demonstrated the greatest improvement in scores, followed closely by RS and then CC.
De werkplek thuis, bezien in het licht van COVID-19
Authors: Drost Simone , Bosman Willemijn 
Published: August 2021

De werkplek thuis, bezien in het licht van COVID-19
De auteurs staan stil bij het door de coronacrisis noodgedwongen thuiswerken. Het wetsvoorstel Werken waar je wilt en ontslagrechtelijke aspecten worden behandeld.
De billijke vergoeding: welk geval wordt met welk geval vergeleken?
Authors: Lenders Willemijn 
Published: August 2021

De billijke vergoeding: welk geval wordt met welk geval vergeleken?
Het vaststellen van de hoogte van de billijke vergoeding is door de wetgever aan de rechter overgelaten. De Hoge Raad heeft inmiddels een kader geschetst. Op basis hiervan wordt uitgegaan van de gevalsvergelijking als startpunt voor de begroting van de billijke vergoeding.In dit artikel staat deze vergelijking centraal, en meer in het bijzonder de vraag welke gevallen met elkaar moeten worden vergeleken.
Het sociaal plan met de ondernemingsraad nader bekeken
Authors: Wiersma Klaas , van Geen Anne 
Published: August 2021

Het sociaal plan met de ondernemingsraad nader bekeken
Waar de ondernemingsraad eerst met name als toehoorder bij de onderhandelingen tussen de vakbonden en de ondernemer zat, lijken werkgevers er in toenemende mate de voorkeur aan te geven om een sociaal plan met de ondernemingsraad overeen te komen in plaats van met de vakbonden. In deze bijdrage onderzoeken de auteurs wat de werking is van een met de ondernemingsraad overeengekomen sociaal plan en wat de rol van de ondernemingsraad kan zijn als de ondernemer zijn verplichtingen uit het sociaal plan niet nakomt. Aansluitend doen de auteurs een aanbeveling om de positie van de ondernemingsraad te versterken in een eventueel geschil over de uitleg of nakoming van het sociaal plan.
Groen van Prinsterer las Tocqueville
Authors: de Vries Jurn 
Published: August 2021

Groen van Prinsterer read Tocqueville
The books by the French writer Alexis Tocqueville attracted great interest, also in the Netherlands, including Groen van Prinsterer and his friends. Groen frequently quotes from it, often with approval – for example about the vulnerability of democracy –, sometimes with critical commentary – about democracy as the fruit of revolutionary concepts, for example. This article contains the result of an investigation into intercourse of Groen with the works of Tocqueville. This research was carried out as part of the Tocqueville project of Prof. Sophie van Bijsterveld, professor of Law, Religion and Society at Radboud University in Nijmegen (https://www.ru.nl/tocqueville/).
БНХАУ-ын дарга Си Зиньпиний ОХУ-д хийсэн ажлын айлчлал, Орос-Хятадын стратегийн түншлэлийн өрнөлт
Authors: А Нямдолжин 
Published: August 2021

БНХАУ-ы н дарга Си Зиньпин 2013 оны 3-р сарын 22-24-ний өдрүүдэд ОХУ-д ажлын айлчлал хийсэн нь дэлхийн олон нийтийн анхаарлыг ихэд татлаа. Өмнөд хөршийн төрийн тэргүүн хилийн чанадад хийх анхны айлчлалаа ОХУ-аас эхэлсэн нь Хятадын шинэ удирдагчид дэлхийн улс төр, эдийн засагт эзлэх байр суурь нөлөөгөө бэхжүүлэх үүднээс орос-хятадын стратегийн түншлэлээ улам зузаатган бэхжүүлэх гадаад бодлогын чиг шугамыг хэвээр хэрэгжүүлж байгаагаа нотлон харууллаа. Айлчлалын үеэр хоёр улсын хамтын ажиллагааны бүхий л чиглэлийг хамарсан 35 багц баримт бичигт гарын үсэг зурсан нь үүний илрэл юм.

China’s President Xi Jinping’s visit Russia and new stage of Russia-China strategic partnership relations
Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Russia on a working visit. The talks which attracted worldwide attraction were held in Moscow from 22 to 24 March 2013. During the talks, Russia and China signed 35 agreements on cooperation. The two leaders discussed trade and economic cooperation in the fields of the high-tech, environmental protection, culture and tourism. During the visit, the two leaders signed a joint statement between China and Russia on mutual cooperation and deepening the relations of a comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation.
Монгол Улс дахь Ислам: түүх, өнөөгийн байдал, хэтийн төлөв
Authors: М Хурметхан 
Published: August 2021

Тус өгүүлэлд Монгол Улс дахь исламын шашны түүх, өнөөгийн байдал, хэтийн төлвийн талаар тусган харуулжээ.

Islam in Mongolia: past, present and future
Mongolia is one of the countries where Islam has spread. Studying the history of spread of Islam and present situation in Mongolia which is a part of Central Asian civilization became an important issue. Islam and Muslims in Mongolia overcame difficult and harsh fate in various phases of history and reached the period of today’s democracy and globalization and favourable conditions of spread of Islam in Mongolia.
Монгол Улсын уул уурхайн баялгийг ашиглах явцад тулгамдсан асуудлууд
Authors: М Бүрэнжаргал 
Published: August 2021

Энэ зууны эхэн үеэс олон улсын зах зээл дээрх байгалийн баялгийн бүтээгдэхүүний үнэ ханш ихээр өсөхийг дагалдан уул уурхайн баялгийг голлон ашиглах болсонтой уялдан Монгол Улсын эдийн засгийн өсөлт хурдацтай нэмэгдэж хөгжлийн тааламжтай байдалд оржээ. Гэвч Монголын улс төр, эдийн засаг, газар зүйн өвөрмөц онцлогоос болж уул уурхайн баялгийг ашиглах явцад зарим ашиггүй байдал тулгамдаж байгаа ба тус өгүүлэлд эдгээр асуудалд ажиглалт хийсэн болно.

English title: Priority Issues on Utilization of Mining Wealth in Mongolia
Вопросы Российско-Монгольских отношений в начале XX века (1900-1921 гг): экономика, дипломатия, культура
Authors: А.П Суходолов , Б Болдбаатар , Ю.В Кузьмин , Д Шүрхүү 
Published: August 2021

В статье показано развитие русско-монгольских отношений в первой четверти XX века, становление монгольского национального государства и роль России; представлена современная характеристика исследований данной проблемы в российской и монгольской историографии.

Questions of Russian-Mongolian Relations in the Beginning of 20th century (1900-1921): Economics, Diplomacy and Culture
The development of Russian-Mongolian relations in the first quarter of XX century, formation of the Mongolian national state ant the role of Russia in this process are mentioned in this article; the modern characteristic of researches of these problems in Russian and Mongolian historiography is also presented.