bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone densitometry measurements in children with neurofibromatosis Type 1 using quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Tezol Ozlem , Balcı Yuksel , Alakaya Mehmet , Gundogan Begumhan , Cıtak Elvan Caglar 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disease characterised by multisystemic involvement, including bone tissue. Deformities and reduced bone mass are the main bone manifestations in NF1. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) provides true volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. This study aimed to evaluate bone metabolism parameters and BMD in children with NF1 using QCT.

Methods:
The data of 52 paediatric NF1 patients (23 female, 29 male) was evaluated retrospectively. We investigated anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters like total calcium, phosphate, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, urinary calcium/creatinine ratio, and QCT parameters like lumbar trabecular and cortical BMD, trabecular area and cortical thickness. Comparisons of gender and puberty status were performed.

Results:
25% of patients had skeletal deformities and 42.3% had 25OHD inadequacy (<20 ng/mL). The frequency of 25OHD inadequacy was significantly higher in pubertal/postpubertal patients than prepubertal patients (61.9% vs. 29.0%, P = 0.019). Trabecular BMD Z-score was <−2.0 in 11.5% of patients; all with low BMD were at the pubertal/postpubertal stage. There was a significant negative correlation between age and trabecular Z-score (r = −0.41, P = 0.003). Mean cortical BMD was statistically similar between the genders and puberty groups. Puberty status, anthropometric Z-scores, and biochemical and QCT parameters were statistically similar between the genders (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Paediatric NF1 patients may present with low BMD and 25OHD inadequacy, especially at puberty. QCT may be a useful tool to evaluate trabecular and cortical bone separately in NF1 patients.
The Early Judeo-Persian Letter L3 from the Cairo Genizah (Cambridge University Library T-S 18J3.16)
Authors: Paul Ludwig 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article presents the edition and translation of an Early Judeo-Persian (EJP) private-commercial letter that was probably written around the late 10th or early 11th century C.E. It is the best-preserved and, with 51 lines, the longest from the ca. 25 EJP documents that were found in the Cairo Genizah. It is written in a cursive form of the Hebrew script and shows typical EJP archaic and dialectal features, as compared to the contemporaneous Early New Persian works that were written in Arabic script. Today, the letter is kept in Cambridge University Library as part of the Taylor-Schaechter collection.
Queering American Military History
Authors: Whitt Jacqueline E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This historiographical article examines the state of the field of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (lgbtq) history in the United States military. It examines the field’s foundations and legacies from women’s history and the history of gender and sexuality as well as three threads that run through the field: sexuality and gender; sexuality, state control and citizenship; and sexuality and lived experience. The essay also explores interdisciplinary and theoretical connections and suggests areas for future research. The article argues that uncovering, centring, and mainstreaming lgbtq history – that is queering military history – is central to the broader field of military history because it relates to questions of power and the organisation of sexuality and gender performance and identity.
<p><strong>A new species of <em>Drosera </em>section <em>Arachnopus </em>(Droseraceae) from the western Kimberley, Australia, and amendments to the range and circumscription of <em>Drosera finlaysoniana</em></strong></p>
Authors: KRUEGER THILO , FLEISCHMANN ANDREAS 
Published: May 2021

A new annual species of Drosera section Arachnopus, Drosera margaritacea, from the western Kimberley region (Western Australia) is described and illustrated, including detailed comparisons with the morphologically most similar species, D. finlaysoniana. The latter name is lectotypified here. The global range of D. finlaysoniana is provided, including a doubtful first record for Thailand, while the species, in contrast with statements made in some published references, does not occur in India, Laos, Cambodia and the Philippines. Additionally, the first record from Indonesia of the frequently misidentified D. aquatica is reported.
Pediatric Surgical Reentry Strategy Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered and Balanced Approach
Authors: Pickens Ryan C. , Kao Angela M. , Williams Mark A. , Herman Andrew C. , Kneisl Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2021

Background In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, children’s hospitals across the country postponed elective surgery beginning in March 2020. As projective curves flattened, administrators and surgeons sought to develop strategies to safely resume non-emergent surgery. This article reviews challenges and solutions specific to a children’s hospital related to the resumption of elective pediatric surgeries. We present our tiered reentry approach for pediatric surgery as well as report early data for surgical volume and tracking COVID-19 cases during reentry. Methods The experience of shutdown, protocol development, and early reentry of elective pediatric surgery are reported from Levine’s Children’s Hospital (LCH), a free-leaning children’s hospital in Charlotte, North Carolina. Data reported were obtained from de-identified hospital databases. Results Pediatric surgery experienced a dramatic decrease in case volumes at LCH during the shutdown, variable by specialty. A tiered and balanced reentry strategy was implemented with steady resumption of elective surgery following strict pre-procedural screening and testing. Early outcomes showed a steady thorough fluctuating increase in elective case volumes without evidence of a surgery-associated positive spread through periprocedural tracking. Conclusion Reentry of non-emergent pediatric surgical care requires unique considerations including the impact of COVID-19 on children, each children hospital structure and resources, and preventing undue delay in intervention for age- and disease-specific pediatric conditions. A carefully balanced strategy has been critical for safe reentry following the anticipated surge. Ongoing tracking of resource utilization, operative volumes, and testing results will remain vital as community spread continues to fluctuate across the country.
Drug dosing using estimated glomerular filtration rate: Misclassification due to metamizole interference in a creatinine assay
Authors: Bojko Luana , Ripka Gustavo de Paula , Dionísio Laura Mattana , Borges Celso Luiz , Borato Danielle Cristyane Kalva , Moss Mariane de Faria 
Published: May 2021

Background The estimated glomerular filtration rate is a rather important measurement for patients under intensive care, since they often receive several drugs, and impaired renal function may result in misleading dosing. The estimated glomerular filtration is derived from mathematical models using serum creatinine, a measurement that suffers interference of some drugs, such as metamizole. This study intended to evaluate the impact on patient stratification for dose adjustment of two antimicrobials (meropenem and vancomycin) caused by metamizole interference in creatinine measurement by dry chemistry. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a group of 108 hospitalized patients under metamizole prescriptions at fixed intervals. Serum creatinine concentrations were determined by enzymatic dry chemistry and Jaffé assays, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated through the CKD-EPI equation. Patients were stratified in groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate for drug dosing of vancomycin and meropenem. Results Creatinine values were significantly lower in measurements performed by the dry chemistry method in comparison to Jaffé assay ( P < 0.0001) when patients are under metamizole treatment. A significant bias (–40.3%) was observed between those two methods, leading to a significant difference ( P < 0.0001) in patient classification according to renal function using the CKD-EPI equation for dosing adjustment. Conclusions During the validity of metamizole treatment, the stratification for drug dosing by the estimated glomerular filtration rate is not reliable if the creatinine measurement is done through dry chemistry. Clinical and laboratory staff must be aware of these limitations and cooperate to optimize pharmacotherapy.
Routine use of natriuretic peptides: Lessons from a big data analysis
Authors: Goudot FX , Msadek S , Boukertouta T , Schischmanoff PO , Meune C 
Published: May 2021

Background Natriuretic peptides have broad indications during heart failure and the detection of left ventricular dysfunction in high-risk patients. They can also be used for the diagnosis/management of other cardiac diseases. However, very little is known regarding their use in routine practice. Methods We examined all biological tests performed from February 2010 to August 2015 in two districts from the French Brittany, covering 13,653 km2 and including 22,265 physicians. We report the settings and conditions of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurements (the only locally natriuretic peptide available). Results From a total of 3,606,432 tests requested in 557,650 adult (older than 20 years) patients, only 56,653 (1.6%) included at least one NT-proBNP measurement. NT-proBNP measurements gradually increased, from 9188 in 2011 to 12,938 in 2014 ( P < 0.001). Most NT-proBNP tests were measured in urban laboratories (72.7%) and in private (62.9%) non-hospital/clinics laboratories; they were mostly ordered by general practitioners (66% compared with 11% by cardiologists). The number of NT-proBNP measurements increased with age up to 80–90 years, and 70.3% of tests were measured in ≥75 years patients. Creatinine and electrolytes were not associated with NT-proBNP in 15.8% and 19.7% of tests, respectively. Conclusion Among a very large cohort, we observed that natriuretic peptides remain largely undermeasured. NT-proBNP is mostly measured in elderly patients, and its interpretation may be hazardous in up to 16% of all individuals because no measurement of creatinine was associated to NT-proBNP.
Neural, behavioural and real-life correlates of social context sensitivity and social reward learning during interpersonal interactions in the schizophrenia spectrum
Authors: Hanssen Esther , van Buuren Mariët , Van Atteveldt Nienke , Lemmers-Jansen Imke LJ , Fett Anne-Kathrin J 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Recent findings suggest that diminished processing of positive contextual information about others during interactions may contribute to social impairment in the schizophrenia spectrum. This could be due to general social context processing deficits or specific biases against positive information. We studied the impact of positive and negative social contextual information during social interactions using functional neuroimaging and probed whether these neural mechanisms were associated with real-life social functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Methods: Patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder ( N = 23) and controls disorder ( N = 25) played three multi-round trust games during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, with no, positive and negative information about the counterpart’s trustworthiness, while all counterparts were programmed to behave trustworthy. The main outcome variable was the height of the shared amount in the trust game, i.e. investment, representing an indication of trust. The first investment in the game was considered to be basic trust, since no behavioural feedback was given yet. We performed region-of-interest analyses and examined the association with real-life social functioning using the experience sampling method. Results: Social contextual information had no effect on patients’ first investments, whereas controls made the lowest investment after negative and the highest investments after positive contextual information was provided. Over trials, patients decreased investments, suggesting reduced social reward learning, whereas controls increased investments in response to behavioural feedback in the negative context. Patients engaged the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex less than controls during context presentation and showed reduced activity within the caudate during repayments. In patients, lower investments were associated with more time spent alone and social exclusion and lower caudate activation was marginally significantly associated with higher perceived social exclusion. Conclusion: The failure to adapt trust to positive and negative social contexts suggests that patients have a general insensitivity to prior social information, indicating top-down processing impairments. In addition, patients show reduced sensitivity to social reward, i.e. bottom-up processing deficits. Moreover, lower trust and lower neural activation were related to lower real-life social functioning. Together, these findings indicate that improving trust and social interactions in schizophrenia spectrum needs a multi-faceted approach that targets both mechanisms.
From Stepping-Stones to Throwing Stones: Officers’ Liability for Corporate Compliance Failures after Cassimatis
Authors: Hanrahan Pamela , Bednall Tim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAustralian corporate law allows for significant civil penalties to be imposed by a court on negligent corporate officers, including directors. For more than a decade, Australian Securities and Investments Commission used civil prosecutions for negligence exclusively in situations where an officer is alleged to have exposed their corporation to foreseeable risk of harm that would flow from a contravention by the corporation of a regulatory or disclosure obligation. This enforcement strategy—known as ‘stepping-stones’—has been strongly criticised, including by Rares J in his 2020 dissenting opinion in the Cassimatis appeal. This article explains how stepping-stones works as an enforcement strategy in the context of corporate compliance failures, explores the various criticisms of it, and argues for reform. It proposes a legislative alternative that rebalances individual officer liability, to reflect contemporary governance practices and encourage better management and oversight of non-financial risk in corporations.
Remittances and Protests against Crime in Mexico
Authors: Ley Sandra , Olivo J. Eduardo Ibarra , Meseguer Covadonga 
Published: May 2021

The resource mobilization theory has long emphasized the role of resources in facilitating collective mobilization. In turn, recent research on crime and insecurity in Mexico has drawn attention to the role of local networks of solidarity in facilitating mobilization against crime. We rely on these two literatures to propose that remittances — that is, the resources that emigrants send to their relatives left behind — deserve attention as international determinants of this type of non-violent anti-crime mobilization. Further, relying on recent research on remittances’ impact on political behavior, we hypothesize that the relationship between remittances and contentious action is non-linear, exhibiting a positive effect at low to moderate levels of inflows and declining at higher levels of remittances. We contend that at low to moderate levels, international remittances provide the necessary resources for collective activation. At greater levels of remittance inflows, however, lessened economic and security grievances imply a decline in the probability of protesting. Overall, we show that emigrant remittances matter for organizing protests against criminality at the subnational level but that they produce both an engagement and disengagement effect, depending on the size of the inflows.
Acute urinary retention in a 27-year-old male secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with Holmium Enucleation of the Prostate (HOLEP)
Authors: Napier-Hemy Timothy P , Liu Alan King Lun , Floyd Michael S , McNulty Sid , Omar Ahmad M , Mistry Rahul , Gana Hosea BY 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in the ageing male. Clinical manifestations like retention impact on a patient’s quality of life. Alterations in androgen activity at the androgen receptor complex level in the prostate contribute to prostatic hyperplasia with the highest incidence occurring in males in their 70’s. There remains a paucity of cases in young males who develop acute urinary retention secondary to BPH. We present a case of a 27-year-old male who developed acute urinary retention secondary to BPH who required a Holmium Laser Enucleation of his Prostate (HOLEP). Case description: A 27 year old man was admitted in acute urinary retention. BPH was diagnosed via way of radiological imaging and histological assessment. After pre-operative sperm banking and suprapubic catheterisation, the patient underwent a HOLEP. He had biochemically confirmed hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism which was at odds with his muscular, physical appearance. Total testosterone levels had fluctuated following admission suggesting an exogenous substance was interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis but he denied exogenous steroid use. Result: The patient successfully passed his voiding trial on the second post-operative day and remained catheter free. Post-operative uroflowmetry and sexual function remain unknown as patient disengaged with follow up. Conclusion: HOLEP prostatectomy is a safe and effective way of managing BPH in younger patients following sperm banking and assessment by endocrinology.
A family of Gamma-generated distributions: Statistical properties and applications
Authors: Pourreza Hormatollah , Jamkhaneh Ezzatallah Baloui , Deiri Einolah 
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we concentrate on the statistical properties of Gamma-X family of distributions. A special case of this family is the Gamma-Weibull distribution. Therefore, the statistical properties of Gamma-Weibull distribution as a sub-model of Gamma-X family are discussed such as moments, variance, skewness, kurtosis and Rényi entropy. Also, the parameters of the Gamma-Weibull distribution are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. Some sub-models of the Gamma-X are investigated, including the cumulative distribution, probability density, survival and hazard functions. The Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to assess the performances of these estimators. Finally, the adequacy of Gamma-Weibull distribution in data modeling is verified by the two clinical real data sets. Mathematics Subject Classification: 62E99; 62E15
Financial Access of Latin America and Caribbean Firms: What Are the Roles of Institutional, Financial, and Economic Development?
Authors: Chu Lan Khanh 
Published: May 2021

This article examines the impact of institutional, financial, and economic development on firms’ access to finance in Latin America and Caribbean region. Based on firm- and country-level data from the World Bank databases, we employ an ordered logit model to understand the direct and moderating role of institutional, financial, and economic development in determining firms’ financial obstacles. The results show that older, larger, facing less competition and regulation burden, foreign owned, and affiliated firms report lower obstacles to finance. Second, better macro-fundamentals help to lessen the level of obstacles substantially. Third, the role of institutions in promoting firms’ inclusive finance is quite different to the role of financial development and economic growth. JEL Classification: E02; G10; O16; P48
Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Severity: Association and Linkage to ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25
Authors: Cervantes-Henríquez Martha L. , Acosta-López Johan E. , Martinez Ariel F. , Arcos-Burgos Mauricio , Puentes-Rozo Pedro J. , Vélez Jorge I. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25 genes are associated with and predict ADHD severity in families from a Caribbean community. Method: ADHD severity was derived using latent class cluster analysis of DSM-IV symptomatology. Family-based association tests were conducted to detect associations between SNPs and ADHD severity latent phenotypes. Machine learning algorithms were used to build predictive models of ADHD severity based on demographic and genetic data. Results: Individuals with ADHD exhibited two seemingly independent latent class severity configurations. SNPs harbored in DRD4, SNAP25, and ADGRL3 showed evidence of linkage and association to symptoms severity and a potential pleiotropic effect on distinct domains of ADHD severity. Predictive models discriminate severe from non-severe ADHD in specific symptom domains. Conclusion: This study supports the role of DRD4, SNAP25, and ADGRL3 genes in outlining ADHD severity, and a new prediction framework with potential clinical use.
Diagnosed and Nondisclosed Sport-Related Concussion: An Exploratory Comparison Study by ADHD Status in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Beidler Erica , Schmitt Ara J , Matta Michael , Griger Cassondra 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine if ADHD status in collegiate athletes was associated with differences in the number of diagnosed and nondisclosed sport-related concussions, and reasons why suspected concussive injuries were not reported. Method: A cross-sectional survey was completed by 858 collegiate athletes (65 with ADHD; 793 without ADHD). The survey included self-report items regarding ADHD status and histories of diagnosed and nondisclosed sport-related concussions. Groups were matched for gender, age, and sport with a ratio of one participant with ADHD to four without ADHD. Results: Collegiate athletes with ADHD reported significantly more diagnosed sport-related concussions and were more likely to have a history of diagnosis compared to those without ADHD. There were no significant differences between groups regarding sport-related concussion nondisclosure history. Conclusion: Collegiate athletes with ADHD have an increased prevalence rate of diagnosed sport-related concussions compared to those without ADHD; however, this developmental disorder may not influence injury nondisclosure decisions.