bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of exosomal miRNA in chemotherapy resistance of Colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Maleki Masomeh , Golchin Asal , Javadi Samira , Khelghati Nafiseh , Morovat Pejman , Asemi Zatollah , Alemi Forough , Vaghari‐Tabari Mostafa , Yousefi Bahman , Majidinia Maryam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe third most common malignancy has been identified as Colorectal cancer (CRC) that conducive to death in most cases. Chemoresistance is a common obstacle to CRC treatment. Circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to reverse chemo‐resistance and are promising biomarkers for CRC. The capacity of engineered exosomes to cross biological barriers and deliver functional miRNAs could be used to achieve these proposes. The object of this review is the investigation of the role of exosomal miRNA in the chemo‐resistance, diagnosis, and prognosis of CRC. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus were searched from January 1990 to November 2020. Ultimately, eight articles included five in vitro (16 cell lines) and three in vivo examinations. Three studies demonstrated that increasing or decreasing mRNA expression was associated with increasing and decreasing cell proliferation in vitro. The presence of miRNA in two studies increased the sensitivity of the drug and exhibited a considerable growth inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation. The apoptotic rate was significantly increased in four studies by increased mRNA expression and reduced mrna expression. Tumor volume of xenograft models in three studies suppressed by antitumor miRNA activity. In contrast, anti‐miRNA activity in one study decreased the tumor volume. Exosomal miRNAs can be regulators of chemo‐resistance and predict adverse outcomes in CRC patients. In sum, exosomes containing miRNAs can be a promising biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC. Subsequent research should be a focus on delineating the function of exosomal miRNA before clinical use.
Glucosyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles derived from eugenol and analogues: Synthesis, anti‐Candida activity, and molecular modeling studies in CYP‐51
Authors: Magalhães Lorena Severiano de , Reis Adriana Cotta Cardoso , Nakao Izadora Amaral , Péret Vinícius Augusto Campos , Reis Rúbia Castro Fernandes Melo , Silva Naiara Chaves , Dias Amanda Latércia Tranches , Carvalho Diogo Teixeira , Dias Danielle Ferreira , Brandão Geraldo Célio , Braga Saulo Fehelberg Pinto , Souza Thiago Belarmino de 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis, anti‐Candida, and molecular modeling studies of eighteen new glucosyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles derived from eugenol and correlated phenols. The new compounds were characterized by combined Fourier Transform Infrared, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopy of high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The synthesized compounds did not show significant cytotoxicity against healthy fibroblast human cells (MCR‐5) providing interesting selectivity indexes (SI) to active compounds. Considering the antifungal activity, nine compounds showed anti‐Candida potential and the peracetylated triazoles 17 and 18 were the most promising ones. Eugenol derivative 17 was active against three species of Candida at 26.1–52.1 μM. This compound was four times more potent than fluconazole against Candida krusei and less toxic (SI > 6.6) against the MCR‐5 cells than fluconazole (SI > 3.3) considering this strain. Dihydroeugenol derivative 18 showed similar activity to 17 and was four times more potent and less toxic than fluconazole against C. krusei. The deacetylated glucosides and non‐glucosylated corresponding derivatives did not show considerable antifungal action, suggesting that the acetyl groups are essential for their anti‐Candida activity. Molecular docking coupled with molecular dynamics showed that 14α‐lanosterol demethylase is a feasible molecular target, since 17 and 18 could bind to this enzyme once deacetylated in vivo, thereby acting as prodrugs. Also, these studies demonstrated the importance of hydrophobic substituents at the phenyl ring.
Land sharing versus land sparing—What outcomes are compared between which land uses?
Authors: Sidemo‐Holm William , Ekroos Johan , Smith Henrik G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLand sharing versus land sparing describes contrasting strategies to conserve biodiversity while maintaining agricultural production. We comprehensively reviewed empirical studies comparing land‐sharing and land‐sparing strategies to assess how these were conceptualized and how consequences for biodiversity, commodity production, and additional ecosystem services have been quantified. Out of 52 studies, a majority conceptualized land sharing as environmental‐friendly agriculture or low‐yielding agriculture, and land sparing as high‐yielding agriculture combined with preserved natural habitats. However, the latter also represented land sharing in several studies, resulting in an overlap in how land sharing and land sparing were conceptualized. Studies focuses on a limited number of taxonomic groups, primarily birds, whereas ecosystem services (mainly carbon storage) and economic outcomes were rarely considered. To facilitate comparisons and on‐the‐ground implementation, we suggest to recognize the multitude of land‐use combinations along a continuum from extreme land sharing to extreme land sparing. This includes being explicit about both the spatial scales of preserved habitats and the features in land sharing or intermediate strategies that are assumed to benefit biodiversity and hamper commodity production. We also suggest that taxonomic groups, ecosystem services, and welfare consequences should be analyzed based on conservation needs and impacts on social–ecological systems.
Abiotic and biotic drivers of functional diversity and functional composition of bird and bat assemblages along a tropical elevation gradient
Authors: Byamungu Robert Modest , Schleuning Matthias , Ferger Stefan W. , Helbig‐Bonitz Maria , Hemp Andreas , Neu Alexander , Vogeler Anna , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Tschapka Marco , Albrecht Jörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe identification of the mechanisms determining spatial variation in biological diversity along elevational gradients is a central objective in ecology and biogeography. Here, we disentangle the direct and indirect effects of abiotic drivers (climatic conditions, and land use) and biotic drivers (vegetation structure and food resources) on functional diversity and composition of bird and bat assemblages along a tropical elevational gradient.LocationSouthern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, East Africa.MethodsWe counted birds and recorded bat sonotypes on 58 plots distributed in near‐natural and anthropogenically modified habitats from 700 to 4,600 m above sea level. For the recorded taxa, we compiled functional traits related to movement, foraging and body size from museum specimens and databases. Further, we recorded mean annual temperature, precipitation, vegetation complexity as well as the number of fruits, flowers, and insect biomass as measures of resource availability on each study site.ResultsUsing path analyses, we found similar responses of bird and bat functional diversity to the variation in abiotic and biotic drivers along the elevational gradient. In contrast, the functional composition of both taxa showed distinct responses to abiotic and biotic drivers. For both groups, direct temperature effects were most important, followed by resource availability, precipitation and vegetation complexity.Main ConclusionsOur findings indicate that physiological and metabolic constraints imposed by temperature and resource availability determine the functional diversity of bird and bat assemblages, whereas the composition of individual functional traits is driven by taxon‐specific processes. Our study illustrates that distinct filtering mechanisms can result in similar patterns of functional diversity along broad environmental gradients. Such differences need to be taken into account when it comes to conserving the functional diversity of flying vertebrates on tropical mountains.
Complex effects of body length and condition on within‐tributary movement and emigration in stream salmonids
Authors: Kanno Yoichiro , Harris Audrey C. , Kishida Osamu , Utsumi Shunsuke , Uno Hiromi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMovement patterns of stream fish vary individually, but little is known about how a set of individual characteristics affect movement at multiple spatial scales. We investigated the effect of body length and condition (i.e. weight relative to length) on emigration from a tributary and movement within the tributary during summer in Japanese salmonids (white‐spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis and masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou) using mark‐recapture and PIT antenna technology. Emigration from the tributary was influenced more strongly by body length than by body condition, whereas movement within the tributary (> 20 m) was influenced by body condition and their interaction with body length. Specifically, larger individuals in better body condition were more likely to stay locally (≤20 m), but smaller individuals in better condition were more likely to move in the tributary. We discuss benefits and costs of movement that vary with individual characteristics (i.e. body length and condition) and spatial scales. In one instance (charr between June and July), survival rates were lower in smaller individuals, which also were more likely to emigrate from the tributary, suggesting that emigration might have been facilitated by the mortality cost of staying in the tributary. This study indicates that stream fish movement is shaped by complex mechanisms that differ by spatial scale. Although complex, two study species often responded similarly, indicative of emerging regularities across species in determinants of multi‐scale stream fish movement.
Isolation housing elevates amphetamine seeking independent of nucleus accumbens glutamate receptor adaptations
Authors: Garcia Erik J. , Cain Mary E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOverdose death rates caused by psychostimulants have increased by 22.3% annually from 2008 to 2017. Cue‐evoked drug craving progressively increases and contributes to perpetual relapse. Preclinical models have determined that glutamate receptor plasticity within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) drives amplified cue‐evoked drug seeking after prolonged abstinence (>40 days). Isolated condition (IC) rearing increases cocaine and amphetamine (AMP) self‐administration and cue‐induced reinstatement. We tested the hypothesis that housing in the IC will augment AMP seeking after short and prolonged abstinence from AMP self‐administration when compared with rats reared in the enrichment condition (EC). EC and IC male rats acquired stable AMP or SAL self‐administration and were tested in a cue‐induced AMP‐seeking test after 1 and 40 days of abstinence. After the seeking test, the whole NAc was extracted and prepared for western blot analysis. Results indicate that IC rats had more active lever presses during a brief extinction interval and during the cue‐induced seeking test. After 40 days of abstinence, IC rats had more active lever presses than EC rats during the cue‐induced seeking test. Western blots indicated that the expression ratio between GluA1:mGlur5 was reduced only in IC‐AMP‐trained rats and the ratio between GluA1:mGlur1 was positively correlated with AMP seeking after prolonged abstinence in IC‐AMP rats. These results indicate that IC housing engenders a vulnerable phenotype prone to persistent AMP seeking. The behavioural momentum of this vulnerable phenotype is further revealed when AMP‐associated cues are presented following prolonged abstinence.
Synergistic combinations of clarithromycin with doxycycline or minocycline reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Rhodococcus equi
Authors: Erol Erdal , Shaffer Carrie L. , Lubbers Brian V. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe alarming increase in rifampin and macrolide resistance among Rhodococcus equi isolates highlights the need to identify alternative therapeutic options that can effectively control rhodococcosis in foals while limiting the further development of drug resistance.ObjectivesTo evaluate bacterial killing, antibiotic synergism and mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of clarithromycin alone and in combination with doxycycline, minocycline or rifampin against clinical isolates of R equi.Study designIn vitro experiments.MethodsBacterial time‐kill, fractional inhibitory concentration (checkerboard) and mutant prevention concentration assays were evaluated in four clarithromycin‐ and rifampin‐susceptible (ClaS/RifS) and two clarithromycin‐ and rifampin‐resistant (ClaR/RifR) R equi clinical strains.ResultsIn this study evaluating a limited number of isolates, combinations of clarithromycin with doxycycline or minocycline, but not with rifampin, were generally synergistic in both ClaS/RifS and ClaR/RifR strains as determined by checkerboard testing. In time‐kill assays, all antibiotics, both alone and in combination, reduced viable ClaS/RifS R equi by more than 3 log10 at 24 hours compared with control cultures without antibiotics. Combinations of clarithromycin with doxycycline, minocycline or rifampin induced significantly lower MPC values compared with the individual antimicrobials alone for all ClaS/RifS R equi strains, resulting in a narrower mutant selection window (MSW). However, clarithromycin/rifampin combination did not markedly decrease MPCs of the individual antimicrobials in ClaR/RifR R equi isolates, and the observed decrease in MPCs for doxycycline or minocycline did not generally differ when combined with clarithromycin.Main limitationsThe number of analysed R equi isolates was limited. In vitro outcomes require clinical confirmation.ConclusionsDual therapy combinations consisting of clarithromycin with doxycycline or minocycline merit consideration as a treatment protocol against R equi in foals due to in vitro synergy. These combination therapies may also minimise the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in cases of rhodococcosis.
Study of prescription‐indication of tetracyclines in a population in Colombia
Authors: Valladales‐Restrepo Luis Fernando , Constain‐Mosquera Camilo Alexander , Álvarez‐Amaya Valeria , Machado‐Alba Jorge Enrique 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe inappropriate use of antibiotics is associated with increased antimicrobial resistance, adverse reactions, medical care costs, and worse clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to determine the prescription patterns and approved and unapproved indications for tetracyclines in a group of patients in Colombia. This was a cross‐sectional study, based on a database of medication dispensing of approximately 8.5 million people affiliated with the Colombian Health System, of the indications for the use of tetracyclines in outpatients. Sociodemographic, pharmacological, and comorbidity variables were considered. A total of 20 699 patients with a prescription of tetracyclines were identified, with a median age of 26.1 years; 65.0% were women. The most prescribed tetracycline was doxycycline (95.1%), especially for the treatment of acne (55.3%). A total of 23.5% of the prescriptions was used for unapproved indications, for example, vaginitis‐vulvitis‐vulvovaginitis (8.1%). Increasing age, prescriptions of doxycycline made by general physician, and woman attended by general physician were associated with a greater probability that a tetracycline was used for unapproved indications. Residing in Bogota‐Cundinamarca Region and woman that residing in Bogota‐Cundinamarca reduced this risk. A high proportion of patients received tetracyclines for dermatological conditions, with a lower proportion of use for gynecological and respiratory infections. For approximately one quarter of the cases, tetracyclines were prescribed for indications not approved by regulatory agencies, especially in those over 18 years and when the prescriptions of doxycycline was made by a general practitioners.
Oil price shocks and stock market anomalies
Authors: Zhu Zhaobo , Sun Licheng , Tu Jun , Ji Qiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a novel perspective to the nexus of oil prices and stock markets by examining the impact of oil price shocks on stock market anomalies. After decomposing oil price shocks into three types , we find that aggregate demand shocks have the strongest influence on stock market anomalies. In contrast, oil supply shocks and oil‐specific demand shocks have little impact. Similar results are also found in the industry analysis. Interestingly, the link between aggregate demand shocks and anomalies is the strongest among firms with either small size or high idiosyncratic risks. The documented effects are robust after controlling for investor sentiment as well as several well‐known macroeconomic or market factors. Our findings are consistent with but also extend the sentiment‐based explanation in that we show that uncertainty also plays a role in explaining stock market anomalies.
HOMO COMPLEXUS: THE “HISTORICAL FUTURE” OF COMPLICITY
Authors: LEBOVIC NITZAN 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe moment in which we live proposes a staggering new challenge to past, present, and future understanding of our existence: climate change in general, and the Anthropocene in particular, requires a recalibration of all temporal relationships. In this article, I propose to identify the agent of change with current forms of complicity, or, as I call it in the title to this piece, the Homo complexus. A focus on complicity, I will argue, suggests that any future analysis of our society will recognize a short‐term investment in a threat hovering above different forms of existence, or a new “sense of an ending.”
THE LONG GOODBYE: RECENT PERSPECTIVES ON THE KOSELLECK/SCHMITT QUESTION
Authors: Pankakoski Timo 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe publication of the correspondence between Reinhart Koselleck and Carl Schmitt enables readers to assess the relation between the conceptual historian and his radically conservative mentor, a topic of some longstanding controversy. In this review essay, I discuss their correspondence in relation to Gennaro Imbriano's book on Koselleck, which also relies on the correspondence to argue that Koselleck gradually transcended his earlier Schmittian beliefs. I seek to capture the current state of scholarship regarding this particular issue and anticipate possible future developments in the field. Although they do not offer major revelations about Koselleck and Schmitt's relationship, the recently published letters add welcome nuance to earlier scholarly estimations thereof and show how Koselleck gradually assumed a more equal role in the exchange. The most fertile theoretical points in the letters pertain, first, to Schmitt's observations about the uniqueness of history and the repetition of key questions in history and, second, to Koselleck's remarks on the need for a proper theoretical basis for historiography, including readjusted historicism and criticism on the philosophy of history's ideological ramifications. Imbriano's book characterizes Koselleck as a systematic thinker of history's political aspect who differed from Schmitt in making the distinction between politics (as a regulating process) and “the political” (as a principle in need of containment). As I argue, this distinction is not sufficient to set Koselleck's moderate conservatism apart from Schmitt's radical conservatism because Schmitt also took both aspects into account. I also predict that future scholarship will display a balanced use of archival material that further clarifies the genesis of Koselleck's theorems, in turn directly serving historical theory by examining its emergence out of concrete historical, political, and intellectual contexts.
Stage and cancer‐specific mortality differ within specific Asian ethnic groups for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: North American population‐based study
Authors: Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Würnschimmel Christoph , Nocera Luigi , Wenzel Mike , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F , Saad Fred , Verze Paolo , Imbimbo Ciro , Briganti Alberto , Mirone Vincenzo , Karakiewicz Pierre I 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of specific Asian ethnic subgroups on stage at presentation and cancer‐specific mortality in non‐metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma among North American upper tract urothelial carcinoma Asian patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy.MethodsWe relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, from 2004 to 2016. Kaplan–Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression models predicting cancer‐specific mortality were used.ResultsOf 584 upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients, 173 (29.6%) were Chinese versus 130 (22.3%) Japanese versus 68 (11.6%) Korean versus 64 (11.0%) Filipino versus 40 (6.8%) Vietnamese versus 109 (18.7%) other. Vietnamese and Chinese patients showed the highest rates of T4N0M0 and/or T1–4N1–2M0 (25.0% and 18.5%, respectively), relative to other Asian ethnic subgroups. In Kaplan–Meier plots, Vietnamese patients showed the highest cancer‐specific mortality rate. In multivariable models, Vietnamese ethnicity also independently predicted higher cancer‐specific mortality (hazard ratio 2.15, P = 0.02 and hazard ratio 1.96, P = 0.03), relative to Japanese and Chinese patients. All other Asian ethnic subgroups showed similar cancer‐specific mortality patterns.ConclusionVietnamese and Chinese patients are at a stage disadvantage at upper tract urothelial carcinoma diagnosis, relative to all other Asian ethnicities. After adjustment for stage, only Vietnamese patients showed a survival disadvantage relative to all other Asian ethnic subgroups. As a result, it appears that Vietnamese patients not only present at a higher upper tract urothelial carcinoma stage, but additionally appear to harbor upper tract urothelial carcinoma that progresses at a faster rate than in other Asian ethnic subgroups.
Health status and fertility intentions among migrants
Authors: Alderotti Giammarco , Trappolini Eleonora 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe role of health has never entered the debate about migrant fertility. The main goal of this work was to explore, for the first time, the relationship between health and fertility intentions among migrants by gender, duration of stay and parity. Three health measures were considered: self‐rated health, the presence of chronic illnesses and mental health. We compiled data from the Italian survey "Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens" and employed generalized ordered logistic models to test the relationship between health and fertility intentions among migrants. Our findings show that poor health negatively affects migrants’ fertility intentions, net of a wide array of control variables (including employment and reason for migration). This is especially true among long‐term migrant women, and, among the latter, the effect is strongest when chronic illnesses and mental health are considered. We encourage future research to consider health in the demographic debate about migrant fertility.