bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social affiliation moderates the link between depressive symptoms and heart rate variability in healthy middle‐aged and older individuals: An intensive ecologic momentary assessment study
Authors: Liu Huiying , Chen Beizhuo , Wang Yao , Zhao Xinyi , Hu Jian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDepressive symptoms have been associated with lower cardiac autonomic control, thus contributing to cardiovascular diseases, especially among older adults. Interpersonal factors have been found to attenuate physiologic stress responses, but little is known about whether these factors (e.g., perceived affiliation) would moderate the relation of depressive symptoms and cardiovascular activation. The present research aimed to investigate the interplay of depressive symptoms and momentary‐assessed interpersonal perceptions on cardiac vagal tone as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). The sample consisted of 78 late middle‐aged and older community‐dwelling participants (48.7% male, mean age = 59.15 years). Participants reported on depressive symptoms and other personal characteristics by questionnaire. Perceptions of interpersonal affiliation, ambulatory HRV, and contextual variables were recorded using ecologic momentary assessment and portable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring device throughout 1 week (with a maximum of seven times daily). Multilevel analyses found that depressive symptoms were correlated with lower HRV, whereas momentary interpersonal perceptions of higher affiliation were associated with elevated HRV. A significant association was revealed between depressive symptoms and momentary affiliation perceptions on HRV. When individuals were involved in social interactions with higher affiliation, the effect of depressive symptoms on reducing HRV was attenuated. These findings suggested that the effects of subthreshold depressive symptoms on vagal control of the heart could be altered by the quality of interpersonal experiences.
Overall Greater Demands on the Musculoskeletal System at Multiple Walking Speeds in Service Members With Lower Limb Loss
Authors: Wasser Joseph G. , Acasio Julian C. , Miller Ross H. , Hendershot Brad D. 
Published: October 2021

Individuals with lower limb loss often walk with altered/asymmetric movement mechanics, postulated as a catalyst for development of low back and knee pain. Here, the authors simultaneously investigated trunk-pelvic movement patterns and lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics among 38 males with traumatic, unilateral lower limb loss (23 transtibial and 15 transfemoral), and 15 males without limb loss, at a self-selected and 2 standardized (1.0 and 1.6 m/s) speeds. Individuals with versus without lower limb loss walked with greater trunk range of motion in the frontal and transverse planes at all speeds (despite ∼10% slower self-selected speeds). At all speeds, individuals with versus without limb loss exhibited +29% larger medial ground reaction forces, and at 1.6 m/s also exhibited +50% to 110% larger vertical hip power generation, +27% to 80% larger vertical hip power absorption, and +21% to 90% larger medial–lateral hip power absorption. Moreover, pervasive biomechanical differences between transtibial versus transfemoral limb loss identify amputation-level movement strategies. Overall, greater demands on the musculoskeletal system across walking speeds, particularly at the hip, knee, and low back, highlight potential risk factors for the development/recurrence of prevalent secondary musculoskeletal conditions (eg, joint degeneration and pain) following limb loss.
Food Production: Technology and the Resource Base
Authors: Wittwer S. H. 
Published: October 2021

Despite a growing population and increasing demands of that population for improved diets, it appears that the world is not close to universal famine. There is enough food now produced to feed the world's hungry. That people are malnourished or starving is a question of distribution, delivery, and economics, not agricultural limits. The problem is putting the food where the people are and providing an income so that they can buy it.
As to the future, there are clouds on the far horizon. Only increased scientific and technological innovation, coupled with a change in human behavior and in national policy with regard to increased investments in agricultural research, can avert a growing food and population crisis. Only scientists develop new technology. Only farmers produce food. Motivation and incentives are important both for scientific discovery and food production.
Agricultural research is also a process. There is no finite beginning or end. It is a continuing search to unravel mysteries.
We must force the pace of agricultural development, but technology must be tailored to local conditions. This can be done by scientists who also know how to farm. Individual dedication and sustained government commitments are important.
Rapidity of information transfer and of acceptance of technology is also crucial. There is a wide gap between progress in research and the point of application for human benefit. What accounts for the vast time differences in rapidity of technology acceptance? The current avalanche of new knowledge coupled with problems of food, feed, and fiber supplies, and issues of availability, preservation, protection, renewability, and costs of resources should bring to the front the urgency of rapid information transfer and reassessment of information systems for agricultural and other renewable resources.
Sampling Zooplankton: Correction
Authors: Roemmich Dean , McGowan John 
Published: October 2021

We have learned that there is an internal inconsistency in the zooplankton dataset used in our report "Climatic warming and the decline of zooplankton in the California Current" (3 Mar., p. 1324) (
1
). The data file we used, written from the archive maintained by the National Marine Fisheries Service, was found to change at the end of 1977, without notation, from values of zooplankton normalized by sample volume to raw values of zooplankton volume. Because the series was treated uniformly, pre-1978 data were incorrectly normalized a second time, while post-1978 data were handled correctly. This boosted pre-1978 values by up to a factor of 2. Correction of this error does not change the conclusions of our report. There has been a large decrease in zooplankton biomass during the past 43 years, which is likely related to the concurrent warming of the upper 100 meters. However, the correction does reduce the magnitude of the observed downward trend in zooplankton.

Cruise-by-cruise averages of log-transformed data show the decline of zooplankton volume (Fig. 1A; see figure 2A in our report), which is especially prominent from 1978 to the present. Average values over all cruises in a year were transformed back to natural units by taking the inverse logarithm (Fig. 1B). The average zooplankton volume over the final 7 years of the survey (1987-1993) was 70% lower than the average over 1951-1957. The reduction was approximately uniform with respect to distance from shore, possibly intensifying slightly offshore (Fig. 1C; see figure 3A in our report).
[See figure in the pdf file]
The Reform of the Calendar
Authors: Wylie Charles Clayton 
Published: October 2021

Persons who are interested in an immediate reform of the calendar might well confine their efforts to a readjustment of the lengths of the months. A few minor changes would make possible simplifications of benefit to every one.
Those making a study of perpetual calendars, expecting to eventually secure the adoption of one, should consider not only the "no-week" day, but also the "intercalary week."
A Belt Paper Kymograph with a Three Speed Gear Shift
Authors: McLaughlin Alvah R. 
Published: October 2021

1. Herein has been described and illustrated a belt paper kymograph, electrically driven, and provided with a three speed gear shift.
2. By the use of this gear shift the operator may instantaneously change the speed of his paper from intermediate to high speed which is four times faster or to low speed which is four times slower.
3. By the arrangement of gears here shown no clutch or clutch lever is needed, and the operator may readily alter the speed by the use of either hand.
4. Although this gear box may appear somewhat complicated and difficult to construct it was built by junior and senior college students in mechanical engineering.
Privacy-preserving Secure Media Streaming for Multi-user Smart Environments
Authors: Carpentieri Bruno , Castiglione Arcangelo , De Santis Alfredo , Palmieri Francesco , Pizzolante Raffaele 
Published: October 2021

Over the last years, our lifestyle has been positively upset by the sudden advent of technology. The Internet of Things (IoT), offering universal and ubiquitous connectivity to both people and objects, revealed to be the silver bullet for enabling a vast number of previously unexpected applications. In particular, media streaming providers are growing in business and scope, and we can forecast that soon, video streaming will substitute TV broadcasting activities. With the increasing success of multi-user smart environments, empowered by new-generation smart devices and IoT architectures, multimedia contents (i.e., images and videos) need to be effectively accessed anytime and anywhere. Recent advances in computer vision technologies have made the development of intelligent monitoring systems for video surveillance and ambient-assisted living. Such a scenario permits better integration among technologies, multimedia content, and end-users. However, there are several challenges, and some are still open. More precisely, due to the sensitivity of some multimedia content (e.g., video-surveillance streams), it is paramount to preserve users’ privacy. Again, it is necessary to guarantee the integrity of usage rights during any multimedia transmission process, starting from the video encoding phase. In this way, the private content is disclosed only when the stream is decoded on the other endpoint, by the legitimate user.
In this article, we present a secure video transmission strategy that can address the challenges mentioned above. The proposed strategy takes advantage of both watermarking and video scrambling techniques to make it possible for the secure and privacy-preserving transmission of multimedia streaming. Through our proposal, multimedia streaming is of low quality and thus unusable. However, it can be fully recovered and enjoyed only by authorized users. Finally, due to its low complexity and energy-efficiency, our proposal is particularly suitable for onboard implementations.
Satellite Cell Expression of RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation end Products) Is Important for Collateral Vessel Formation
Authors: Hansen Laura , Joseph Giji , Valdivia Alejandra , Taylor W. Robert 
Published: October 2021

Background
The growth and remodeling of vascular networks is an important component of the prognosis for patients with peripheral artery disease. One protein that has been previously implicated to play a role in this process is RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products). This study sought to determine the cellular source of RAGE in the ischemic hind limb and the role of RAGE signaling in this cell type.

Methods and Results
Using a hind limb ischemia model of vascular growth, this study found skeletal muscle satellite cells to be a novel major cellular source of RAGE in ischemic tissue by both staining and cellular sorting. Although wild‐type satellite cells increased tumor necrosis factor‐α and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 production in response to ischemia in vivo and a RAGE ligand in vitro, satellite cells from RAGE knockout mice lacked the increase in cytokine production both in vivo in response to ischemia and in vitro after stimuli with the RAGE ligand high‐mobility group box 1. Furthermore, encapsulated wild‐type satellite cells improved perfusion after hind limb ischemia surgery by both perfusion staining and vessel quantification, but RAGE knockout satellite cells provided no improvement over empty capsules.

Conclusions
Thus, RAGE expression and signaling in satellite cells is crucial for their response to stimuli and angiogenic and arteriogenic functions.
European agroforestry has no unequivocal effect on biodiversity: a time-cumulative meta-analysis
Authors: Mupepele Anne-Christine , Keller Matteo , Dormann Carsten F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Agroforestry is a production system combining trees with crops or livestock. It has the potential to increase biodiversity in relation to single-use systems, such as pastures or cropland, by providing a higher habitat heterogeneity. In a literature review and subsequent meta-analysis, we investigated the relationship between biodiversity and agroforestry and critically appraised the underlying evidence of the results.

Results
Overall, there was no benefit of agroforestry to biodiversity. A time-cumulative meta-analysis demonstrated the robustness of this result between 1991 and 2019. In a more nuanced view silvopastoral systems were not more diverse in relation to forests, pastures or abandoned silvopastures. However, silvoarable systems increased biodiversity compared to cropland by 60%. A subgroup analysis showed that bird and arthropod diversity increased in agroforestry systems, while bats, plants and fungi did not.

Conclusion
Agroforestry increases biodiversity only in silvoarable systems in relation to cropland. But even this result is of small magnitude, and single-study effect sizes were heterogeneous with sometimes opposing conclusions. The heterogeneity suggests the importance of other, usually unmeasured variables, such as landscape parameters or land-use history, influencing biodiversity in agroforestry systems.
Identification of C3 and FN1 as potential biomarkers associated with progression and prognosis for clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dong Yang , Ma Wei-ming , Yang Wen , Hao Lin , Zhang Shao-qi , Fang Kun , Hu Chun-hui , Zhang Qian-jin , Shi Zhen-duo , Zhang Wen-da , Fan Tao , Xia Tian , Han Cong-hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most lethal urological malignancies, but the pathogenesis and prognosis of ccRCC remain obscure, which need to be better understand.

Methods
Differentially expressed genes were identified and function enrichment analyses were performed using three publicly available ccRCC gene expression profiles downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The protein-protein interaction and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were visualized by Cytoscape. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to predict an optimal risk mode, and the survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test. Protein expression data were downloaded from Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium database and Human Protein Atlas database, and the clinical information as well as the corresponding lncRNA and miRNA expression data were obtained via The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The co-expressed genes and potential function of candidate genes were explored using data exacted from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database.

Results
Of the 1044 differentially expressed genes shared across the three datasets, 461 were upregulated, and 583 were downregulated, which significantly enriched in multiple immunoregulatory-related biological process and tumor-associated pathways, such as HIF-1, PI3K-AKT, P53 and Rap1 signaling pathways. In the most significant module, 36 hub genes were identified and were predominantly enriched in inflammatory response and immune and biotic stimulus pathways. Survival analysis and validation of the hub genes at the mRNA and protein expression levels suggested that these genes, particularly complement component 3 (C3) and fibronectin 1 (FN1), were primarily responsible for ccRCC tumorigenesis and progression. Increased expression of C3 or FN1 was also associated with advanced clinical stage, high pathological grade, and poor survival in patients with ccRCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis qualified the expression levels of the two genes as candidate biomarkers for predicting poor survival. FN1 was potentially regulated by miR-429, miR-216b and miR-217, and constructed a bridge to C3 and C3AR1 in the ceRNA network, indicating a critical position of FN1.

Conclusions
The biomarkers C3 and FN1 could provide theoretical support for the development of a novel prognostic tool to advance ccRCC diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Microarray profile analysis identifies ETS1 as potential biomarker regulated by miR-23b and modulates TCF4 in gastric cancer
Authors: Mei Dinglian , Qi Yalong , Xia Yuanyuan , Ma Jun , Hu Hao , Ai Jun , Chen Liqiang , Wu Ning , Liao Daixiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC), a common malignancy of the human digestive system, represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection of GC has a significant impact on clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify potential GC biomarkers.

Methods
In this study, we conducted a multi-step analysis of expression profiles in GC clinical samples downloaded from TCGA database to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs). Potential prognostic biomarkers from the available DEMs were then established using the Cox regression method. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the biological role of the predicted target genes of the miRNA biomarkers. Then, the prognostic DEM-mediated regulatory network was constructed based on transcription factor (TF)–miRNA–target interaction. Subsequently, the consensus genes were further determined based on the overlap between DEGs and these target genes of DEMs. Besides, expression profile, co-expression analysis, immunity, and prognostic values of these prognostic genes were also investigated to further explore the roles in the mechanism of GC tumorigenesis.

Results
We got five miRNAs, including miR-23b, miR-100, miR-143, miR-145, and miR-409, which are associated with the overall survival of GC patients. Subsequently, enrichment analysis of the target genes of the miRNA biomarkers shown that the GO biological process terms were mainly enriched in mRNA catabolic process, nuclear chromatin, and RNA binding. In addition, the KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism, extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, and proteoglycans in cancer pathways. The transcriptional regulatory network consisting of 68 TFs, 4 DEMs, and 58 targets was constructed based on the interaction of TFs, miRNAs, and targets. The downstream gene ETS1 of miR-23b and TCF4 regulated by ETS1 were obtained by the regulatory network construction and co-expression analysis. High expression of ETS1 and TCF4 indicated poor prognosis in GC patients, particularly in the advanced stages. The expression of ETS1 and TCF4 was correlated with CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells.

Conclusions
miR-23b, ETS1, and TCF4 were identified as the prognostic biomarkers. ETS1 and TCF4 had potential immune function in GC, which provided a theoretical basis for molecular-targeted combined immunotherapy in the future.
Separation from mechanical ventilation and survival after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schreiber Annia F. , Garlasco Jacopo , Vieira Fernando , Lau Yie Hui , Stavi Dekel , Lightfoot David , Rigamonti Andrea , Burns Karen , Friedrich Jan O. , Singh Jeffrey M. , Brochard Laurent J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Prolonged need for mechanical ventilation greatly impacts life expectancy of patients after spinal cord injury (SCI). Weaning outcomes have never been systematically assessed. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the probability of weaning success, duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality, and their predictors in mechanically ventilated patients with SCI.

Methods
We searched six databases from inception until August 2021 for randomized-controlled trials and observational studies enrolling adult patients (≥ 16 years) with SCI from any cause requiring mechanical ventilation. Titles and abstracts were screened independently by two reviewers. Full texts of the identified articles were then assessed for eligibility. Data were extracted independently and in duplicate by pairs of authors, using a standardized data collection form. Synthetic results are reported as meta-analytic means and proportions, based on random effects models.

Results
Thirty-nine studies (14,637 patients, mean age 43) were selected. Cervical lesions were predominant (12,717 patients had cervical lesions only, 1843 in association with other levels’ lesions). Twenty-five studies were conducted in intensive care units (ICUs), 14 in rehabilitative settings.
In ICU, the mean time from injury to hospitalization was 8 h [95% CI 7–9], mean duration of mechanical ventilation 27 days [20–34], probability of weaning success 63% [45–78] and mortality 8% [5–11]. Patients hospitalized in rehabilitation centres had a greater number of high-level lesions (C3 or above), were at 40 days [29–51] from injury and were ventilated for a mean of 97 days [65–128]; 82% [70–90] of them were successfully weaned, while mortality was 1% [0–19].

Conclusions
Although our study highlights the lack of uniform definition of weaning success, of clear factors associated with weaning outcomes, and of high-level evidence to guide optimal weaning in patients with SCI, it shows that around two-thirds of mechanically ventilated patients can be weaned in ICU after SCI. A substantial gain in weaning success can be obtained during rehabilitation, with additional duration of stay but minimal increase in mortality. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020156788).