bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating communication with parents in paediatric patient encounters: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Cusson Olivier , Mercier Justine , Catelin Céline , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionBreaking bad news and dealing with difficult patient encounters is a skill that medical residents must learn during their curriculum. Many different tools are available to measure communication quality, but their development and validation processes are often missing. In this paper, we present the protocol of a systematic review aiming to identify the validated tools for measuring communication skills or communication effectiveness with parents in a paediatrics setting in general, including for difficult patient encounters.Methods and analysisWe will conduct our systematic review in accordance with the methodology suggested by COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and will report this paper following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. We will include the studies in which authors developed and/or validated tools for assessing the quality of communication with families by residents and/or physicians during patient encounters in paediatric settings. Studies assessing communication in telemedicine and studies that use the tool to measure a different outcome than its validation will be excluded. Our search strategy will be developed by a scientific librarian and validated using the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategy (PRESS) tool. Two reviewers will independently screen the studies for selection, extract data of the ones included and assess their level of risk of bias using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. We will perform a narrative synthesis on the study selection process, the characteristics of studies and study population, the characteristics of tools identified, their process of development and/or validation and their psychometric properties. If sufficient data are available, we will do quantitative analyses for each psychometric property.Ethics and disseminationApproval from an ethics committee is not required, as there is no primary data collection. Our findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and at local, national and international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020151642.
Public involvement and engagement in big data research: protocol for a scoping review and a systematic review of delivery and effectiveness of strategies for involvement and engagement
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Jones Elisa , Tahir Naheed , Ahmed Saiqa , Frith Lucy 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionBig data research has grown considerably over the last two decades. This presents new ethical challenges around consent, data storage and anonymisation. Big data research projects require public support to succeed and it has been argued that one way to achieve this is through public involvement and engagement. To better understand the role public involvement and engagement can play in big data research, we will review the current literature. This protocol describes the planned review methods.Methods and analysisOur review will be conducted in two stages. In the first stage, we will conduct a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley methodology to comprehensively map current evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research. Databases (CINAHL, Health Research Premium Collection, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and grey literature will be searched for eligible papers. We provide a narrative description of the results based on a thematic analysis. In the second stage, out of papers found in the scoping review which discuss involvement and engagement strategies, we will conduct a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, exploring the delivery and effectiveness of these strategies. We will conduct a qualitative synthesis. Relevant results from the quantitative studies will be extracted and placed under qualitative themes. Individual studies will be appraised through Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), we will then assess the overall confidence in each finding through Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual). Results will be reported in a thematic and narrative way.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol sets out how the review will be conducted to ensure rigour and transparency. Public advisors were involved in its development. Ethics approval is not required. Review findings will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Outcomes valued by people living with dementia and their care partners: protocol for a qualitative systematic review and synthesis
Authors: Booi Laura , Wheatley Alison , Brunskill Greta , Banerjee Sube , Manthorpe Jill , Robinson Louise , Bamford Claire 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionGrowing numbers of interventions are being developed to support people and families living with dementia, but the extent to which they address the areas of most importance to the intended recipients is unclear. This qualitative review will synthesise outcomes identified as important from the perspectives of people living with dementia and their care partners, both for themselves and each other.Methods and analysisThe review will employ thematic synthesis methodology. Studies from 1990 or later will be eligible if they include qualitative data on the views of people living with dementia or their care partners on valued outcomes or the lived experience of dementia. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo and Social Sciences Premium Collection, in addition to systematically gathered grey literature. Rayyan QCRI software will be used to manage the screening processes, and NVivo software will be used to manage data extraction and analysis. The review will also critically evaluate the extent to which international recommendations address the areas of importance to people living with dementia and their families. The findings will be of relevance to researchers, policy makers and providers and commissioners of dementia services. The protocol is written in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines.Ethics and disseminationAs the methodology of this study consists of collecting data from publicly available articles, it does not require ethical approval. We will share the results through conference presentations and an open-access publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Our mixed stakeholder involvement group will advise on dissemination to non-academic audiences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020219274.
Mental health condition of college students compared to non-students during COVID-19 lockdown: the CONFINS study
Authors: Arsandaux Julie , Montagni Ilaria , Macalli Mélissa , Texier Nathalie , Pouriel Mathilde , Germain Raphaël , Mebarki Adel , Kinouani Shérazade , Tournier Marie , Schuck Stéphane , Tzourio Christophe 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo estimate the effect of student status on mental health condition during COVID-19 general lockdown in France.DesignCross-sectional analysis comparing students and non-students recruited in the same study.SettingParticipants of the web-based CONFINS study implemented during the general lockdown in France in spring 2020.Participants2260 participants (78% women) including 1335 students (59%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThrough an online questionnaire, participants declared if they have experienced suicidal thoughts, coded their perceived stress on a 10-points scale and completed validated mental health scales (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depressive symptoms, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety symptoms) during the last 7 days. The effect of college student status on each mental health condition was estimated using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Stratified models for students and non-students were performed to identify population-specific factors.ResultsStudent status was associated with a higher frequency of depressive symptoms (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.58; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.14), anxiety symptoms (aOR=1.51; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.07), perceived stress (n=1919, aOR=1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.29) and suicidal thoughts (n=1919, aOR=1.57, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.53). Lockdown conditions that could be potentially aggravating on mental health like isolation had a higher impact on students than on non-students.ConclusionsCollege students were at higher risk of mental health disturbances during lockdown than non-students, even after taking into account several potential confounding factors. A close follow-up and monitoring of students’ mental health status is warranted during lockdown periods in this vulnerable population.
Association between occupational exposure to irritant agents and a distinct asthma endotype in adults
Authors: Andrianjafimasy Miora Valérie , Febrissy Mickaël , Zerimech Farid , Dananché Brigitte , Kromhout Hans , Matran Régis , Nadif Mohamed , Oberson-Geneste Dominique , Quinot Catherine , Schlünssen Vivi , Siroux Valérie , Zock Jan-Paul , Le Moual Nicole , Nadif Rachel , Dumas Orianne 
Published: August 2021

AimThe biological mechanisms of work-related asthma induced by irritants remain unclear. We investigated the associations between occupational exposure to irritants and respiratory endotypes previously identified among never asthmatics (NA) and current asthmatics (CA) integrating clinical characteristics and biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from 999 adults (mean 45 years old, 46% men) from the case-control and familial Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environments of Asthma (EGEA) study. Five respiratory endotypes have been identified using a cluster-based approach: NA1 (n=463) asymptomatic, NA2 (n=169) with respiratory symptoms, CA1 (n=50) with active treated adult-onset asthma, poor lung function, high blood neutrophil counts and high fluorescent oxidation products level, CA2 (n=203) with mild middle-age asthma, rhinitis and low immunoglobulin E level, and CA3 (n=114) with inactive/mild untreated allergic childhood-onset asthma. Occupational exposure to irritants during the current or last held job was assessed by the updated occupational asthma-specific job-exposure matrix (levels of exposure: no/medium/high). Associations between irritants and each respiratory endotype (NA1 asymptomatic as reference) were studied using logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex and smoking status.ResultsPrevalence of high occupational exposure to irritants was 7% in NA1, 6% in NA2, 16% in CA1, 7% in CA2 and 10% in CA3. High exposure to irritants was associated with CA1 (adjusted OR aOR, (95% CI) 2.7 (1.0 to 7.3)). Exposure to irritants was not significantly associated with other endotypes (aOR range: 0.8 to 1.5).ConclusionOccupational exposure to irritants was associated with a distinct respiratory endotype suggesting oxidative stress and neutrophilic inflammation as potential associated biological mechanisms.
Grit: what is it and why does it matter in medicine?
Authors: Lee Donald H , Reasoner Kaitlyn , Lee Diane 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Grit refers to the combination of passion and perseverance for long-term goals. Grit has emerged as a recent topic of interest within the medical community. With ever-increasing rates of burnout and psychological distress, increasing attention has been directed towards modulatory or protective factors for these deleterious outcomes. Grit has been studied in regard to a variety of outcomes and variables in medicine. This article reviews the current literature on grit in medicine and summarises the current research on grit and performance metrics, personality characteristics, longitudinal progression, psychological well-being, diversity, equity and inclusion, burnout and residency attrition. While there is inconclusive evidence on the influence of grit on performance metrics in medicine, research consistently demonstrates a positive correlation between grit and psychological well-being and a negative correlation between grit and burnout. After discussing some of the inherent limitations of this type of research, this article suggests some possible implications and future areas for research and their potential role in cultivating psychologically healthy physicians and promoting successful careers in medicine.
Identification of new isomers in $$^{228}$$Ac: impact on dark matter searches
Authors: Kim K. W. , Adhikari G. , de Souza E. Barbosa , Carlin N. , Choi J. J. , Choi S. , Djamal M. , Ezeribe A. C. , França L. E. , Ha C. , Hahn I. S. , Jeon E. J. , Jo J. H. , Kang W. G. , Kauer M. , Kim H. , Kim H. J. , Kim S. H. , Kim S. K. , Kim W. K. , Kim Y. D. , Kim Y. H. , Ko Y. J. , Lee E. K. , Lee H. , Lee H. S. , Lee H. Y. , Lee I. S. , Lee J. , Lee J. Y. , Lee M. H. , Lee S. H. , Lee S. M. , Leonard D. S. , Manzato B. B. , Maruyama R. H. , Neal R. J. , Olsen S. L. , Park B. J. , Park H. K. , Park H. S. , Park K. S. , Pitta R. L. C. , Prihtiadi H. , Ra S. J. , Rott C. , Shin K. A. , Scarff A. , Spooner N. J. C. , Thompson W. G. , Yang L. , Yu G. H. ,   COSINE-100 Collaboration
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report the identification of metastable isomeric states of$$^{228}$$228Ac at 6.28 keV, 6.67 keV and 20.19 keV, with lifetimes of an order of 100 ns. These states are produced by the$$\beta $$β-decay of$$^{228}$$228Ra, a component of the$$^{232}$$232Th decay chain, with$$\beta $$βQ-values of 39.52 keV, 39.13 keV and 25.61 keV, respectively. Due to the low Q-value of$$^{228}$$228Ra as well as the relative abundance of$$^{232}$$232Th and their progeny in low background experiments, these observations potentially impact the low-energy background modeling of dark matter search experiments.
Finding epic moments in live content through deep learning on collective decisions
Authors: Song Hyeonho , Park Kunwoo , Cha Meeyoung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLive streaming services enable the audience to interact with one another and the streamer over live content. The surging popularity of live streaming platforms has created a competitive environment. To retain existing viewers and attract newcomers, streamers and fans often create a well-condensed summary of the streamed content. However, this process is manual and costly due to the length of online live streaming events. The current study identifies enjoyable moments in user-generated live video content by examining the audiences’ collective evaluation of its epicness. We characterize what features “epic” moments and present a deep learning model to extract them based on analyzing two million user-recommended clips and the associated chat conversations. The evaluation shows that our data-driven approach can identify epic moments from user-generated streamed content that cover various contexts (e.g., victory, funny, awkward, embarrassing). Our user study further demonstrates that the proposed automatic model performs comparably to expert suggestions. We discuss implications of the collective decision-driven extraction in identifying diverse epic moments in a scalable way.
Evidence of the Early Holocene eruptive activity of Volcán de Colima and the 8.2 kyr global climatic event in lacustrine sediments from a debris avalanche-dammed lake
Authors: Capra Lucia , Roverato Matteo , Bernal Juan Pablo , Cortés Abel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Volcán de Colima, one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico, experienced at least nine flank failures during the last 30 000 years, with catastrophic effects on the environment that implies the formation of temporary dams where lacustrine sediments accumulated for hundreds of years. These lacustrine sequences preserve an exceptional record from which to reconstruct the effect of subsequent volcanic eruptions and, eventually, contemporary environmental and climatic conditions. Here we analyse an Early Holocene lacustrine sequence, named ‘Gypsum King’, which accumulated in a short-lived temporary lake, likely formed by emplacement of the 10 755–11 230 cal years BP Mesa-Yerbabuena debris avalanche. Through detailed analysis of the 1.8 m thick lacustrine sequence (
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C ages, sulfur content, grain size), it was possible to identify the 8.2 kyr global climate event and better constrain the Early Holocene main sub-plinian to plinian eruptions of Volcán de Colima. The results presented here highlight the potential to explore sulfur content and abrupt change in grain size in lacustrine sediments as additional proxies to better constrain eruptive phases in volcanic environments. Finally, the Gypsum King sequence provides the first evidence of the 8.2 kyr global climate event along the Eastern tropical Pacific Coast.
The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Project
Authors: Braver Todd S. , Kizhner Alexander , Tang Rongxiang , Freund Michael C. , Etzel Joset A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We describe an ambitious ongoing study that has been strongly influenced and inspired by Don Stuss's career-long efforts to identify key cognitive processes that characterize executive control, investigate potential unifying dimensions that define prefrontal function, and carefully attend to individual differences. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project tests a theoretical framework positing two key control dimensions: proactive and reactive. The framework's central tenets are that proactive and reactive control modes reflect domain-general dimensions of individual variation, with distinctive neural signatures, involving the lateral pFC as a central node within associated brain networks (e.g., fronto-parietal, cingulo-opercular). In the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project, each participant is scanned while performing theoretically targeted variants of multiple well-established cognitive control tasks (Stroop, cued task-switching, AX-CPT, Sternberg working memory) in three separate imaging sessions, that each encourages utilization of different control modes plus also completes an extensive out-of-scanner individual differences battery. Additional key features of the project include a high spatio-temporal resolution (multiband) acquisition protocol and a sample that includes a substantial subset of monozygotic twin pairs and participants recruited from the Human Connectome Project. Although data collection is still continuing (target n = 200), we provide an overview of the study design and protocol, along with initial results (n = 80) revealing evidence of a domain-general neural signature of cognitive control and its modulation under reactive conditions. Aligned with Don Stuss's legacy of scientific community building, a partial data set has been publicly released, with the full data set released at project completion, so it can serve as a valuable resource.
Context-Dependent Modulation of Early Visual Cortical Responses to Numerical and Nonnumerical Magnitudes
Authors: Park Joonkoo , Godbole Sonia , Woldorff Marty G. , Brannon Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Whether and how the brain encodes discrete numerical magnitude differently from continuous nonnumerical magnitude is hotly debated. In a previous set of studies, we orthogonally varied numerical (numerosity) and nonnumerical (size and spacing) dimensions of dot arrays and demonstrated a strong modulation of early visual evoked potentials (VEPs) by numerosity and not by nonnumerical dimensions. Although very little is known about the brain's response to systematic changes in continuous dimensions of a dot array, some authors intuit that the visual processing stream must be more sensitive to continuous magnitude information than to numerosity. To address this possibility, we measured VEPs of participants viewing dot arrays that changed exclusively in one nonnumerical magnitude dimension at a time (size or spacing) while holding numerosity constant and compared this to a condition where numerosity was changed while holding size and spacing constant. We found reliable but small neural sensitivity to exclusive changes in size and spacing; however, exclusively changing numerosity elicited a much more robust modulation of the VEPs. Together with previous work, these findings suggest that sensitivity to magnitude dimensions in early visual cortex is context dependent: The brain is moderately sensitive to changes in size and spacing when numerosity is held constant, but sensitivity to these continuous variables diminishes to a negligible level when numerosity is allowed to vary at the same time. Neurophysiological explanations for the encoding and context dependency of numerical and nonnumerical magnitudes are proposed within the framework of neuronal normalization.
Computing Joint Action Costs: Co-Actors Minimize the Aggregate Individual Costs in an Action Sequence
Authors: Török Georgina , Stanciu Oana , Sebanz Natalie , Csibra Gergely 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Successful performance in cooperative activities relies on efficient task distribution between co-actors. Previous research found that people often forgo individual efficiency in favor of co-efficiency (i.e., joint-cost minimization) when planning a joint action. The present study investigated the cost computations underlying co-efficient decisions. We report a series of experiments that tested the hypothesis that people compute the joint costs of a cooperative action sequence by summing the individual action costs of their co-actor and themselves. We independently manipulated the parameters quantifying individual and joint action costs and tested their effects on decision making by fitting and comparing Bayesian logistic regression models. Our hypothesis was confirmed: people weighed their own and their partner’s costs similarly to estimate the joint action costs as the sum of the two individual parameters. Participants minimized the aggregate cost to ensure co-efficiency. The results provide empirical support for behavioral economics and computational approaches that formalize cooperation as joint utility maximization based on a weighted sum of individual action costs.
The Vase of Ambrosia
Authors: McGrath William A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This is an introduction to and translation of the Vase of the Deathless Ones’ Ambrosia Tantra. The Vase of Ambrosia presents itself as a treasure text that was taught by Padmasambhava in eighth-century Tibet and finally revealed five hundred years later. In the opening chapter, Padmasambhava explains that a devastating epidemic disease will spread to Tibet and ultimately kill three out of every four people in the world. Despite this dire prognosis, he also explains the medical and spiritual causes of the disease, such that the physicians and ritual specialists of the future will be able to treat their patients and protect themselves. Taken together, the Vase of Ambrosia is a scriptural cycle that represents the Tibetan experiences of and responses to the bubonic plague in the thirteenth century, and which continues to inspire Buddhist approaches to epidemic disease even today.