bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEGylated copper(II)‐chelated polydopamine nanocomposites for photothermal‐enhanced chemodynamic therapy against tumor cells
Authors: Zhang Qiuye , Wang Jingjing , Xu Luen , Lu Shi‐Yu , Yang Huawei , Duan Yifan , Yang Qiang , Qiu Mengfan , Chen Chunmei , Zhao Sheng , Liu Xiaohong , Liu Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotothermal‐enhanced chemodynamic therapy is a novel and promising strategy for effective tumor treatment. Herein, a kind of polydopamine (PDA)‐based nanoplatform is reported for photothermal‐enhanced chemodynamic therapy against tumor cells. PDA nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared through the self‐polymerization method, which were subsequently chelated with Cu2+ and linked with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains, finally obtaining PDA‐Cu(II)‐PEG NPs. The fabricated PDA‐Cu(II)‐PEG NPs were uniform in shape with a narrow polydispersity. They can firstly react with glutathione (GSH) to generate Cu+, inducing GSH depletion meanwhile. The formed Cu+ could catalyze H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) via a Fenton‐like reaction. The formed PDA‐Cu(II)‐PEG NPs displayed good photothermal conversion efficiency and photothermal stability. They can be internalized by 4T1 cells effectively. Under near‐infrared light irradiation, PDA‐Cu(II)‐PEG NPs can generate hyperthermia and ˙OH for photothermal/chemodynamic therapy against tumor cells.
Identification of Novel, Immunogenic HLA–DR‐Presented Prevotella copri Peptides in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Pianta Annalisa , Chiumento Geena , Ramsden Kristina , Wang Qi , Strle Klemen , Arvikar Sheila , Costello Catherine E. , Steere Allen C. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveWe previously identified HLA–DR‐presented epitopes from a 27‐kd protein of Prevotella copri (Pc) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 1 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient. Herein, we sought to identify other HLA–DR‐presented Pc peptides and source proteins in PBMCs from additional patients to better understand Pc immune responses and RA disease pathogenesis.MethodsUsing tandem mass spectrometry, we searched for HLA–DR‐presented Pc peptides in PBMCs from RA and Lyme arthritis (LA) patients. The identified peptides and source proteins were tested for reactivity in RA patients, those with other arthritides, and the general population. These results were assessed for correlation with clinical findings.ResultsIncluding Pc‐p27, we identified 5 HLA–DR‐presented Pc peptides, each derived from a different Pc protein, in 3 of 4 RA patients, but none in 2 LA patients. When tested in our RA cohort, 14 of 19 patients (74%) had T cell responses, and 47 of 89 patients (53%) had IgG or IgA responses to ≥1 of the 5 Pc peptides or proteins, most commonly IgA reactivity with Pc‐p27. Additionally, 74% of RA patients with IgA antibodies to ≥1 Pc protein had anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) compared with 49% of patients who lacked IgA Pc antibody responses (P = 0.05), and IgA Pc antibody levels correlated with ACPA values.ConclusionThe majority of the RA patients had Pc immune responses. The correlation of IgA Pc antibody responses, particularly to Pc‐p27, with ACPA supports the hypothesis that specific microbial antigens in the mucosa have a role in shaping or amplifying immune responses in RA joints.
Impact of physicochemical properties on the digestibility of Brazilian whole and polished rice genotypes
Authors: Teixeira Olívia Reis , Batista Cristian de Souza , Colussi Rosana , Martino Hércia Stampini Duarte , Vanier Nathan Levien , Bassinello Priscila Zaczuk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesSome factors related to rice processing, composition, and grain microstructure may interfere with starch digestibility. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of physicochemical properties and rice processing on the starch digestibility of genotypes produced in Brazil. Five traditional white rice genotypes, one black rice, and one red rice genotype were studied. The traditional white rice genotypes were evaluated as brown rice as well as in the polished rice form, while both black and red rice were evaluated in the unpolished form.FindingsThe digestibility ranged from 41.40% to 99.81%, being positively correlated with starch content and peak viscosity and negatively correlated with pasting temperature. The unpolished rice group exhibited lower digestibility value than the polished rice group as a result of the presence of bran. Low amylose cultivars had higher starch hydrolysis percentage.ConclusionsThe type of processing influenced the starch digestibility profile, in which the presence of bran and pigments in whole rice reduce starch hydrolysis percentage. The extent of gelatinization of the starch, identified through the peak viscosity and the pasting temperature of RVA, also had a direct influence on digestibility.Significance and noveltyFor the first time, different types and processing of Brazilian rice genotypes have been studied about the starch viscosity and digestibility profiles and related to other quality traits, what can drive consumption of a greater diversity of rice according to different market demands and energy needs.
Multicast on‐route cluster propagation using to identify the network intrusion detection system in mobile ad hoc network
Authors: Gracy Theresa W. , Prakash M. , Betina Antony J. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIntrusion detection, become a new paradigm in mobile ad hoc network which provide a sense of security to the existing computer and data network, is a retro‐fit approach. The goal of intrusion detection, unauthorized use, misuse, and by insiders and both external penetrator system is to identify the abuse of computer systems. The increase of the connection of the computer system will provide greater access to outsiders; for the intruder, the identification of avoidance becomes a challenge. We propose a multicast on‐route cluster propagation (MORCP) based network intrusion detection system to improve the security based on route analysis. The number of IDS of the prototype has been developed in a number of transmissions on miss‐behavioral transmission. Some of them also have been experimentally deployed in a production system. In addition, segregate path identification algorithm (SPIA) of host‐based and network‐based IDS is investigated, and the characteristics of the corresponding system are identified. In host‐based systems, most of the network‐based IDS, to construct a detection mechanism on the network traffic monitored, as well, while some adoption host audit trail, in order to detect the intrusion activity, input as the main source of information, to adopt an audit trail of the hot operating system. The overview of typical use statistical anomaly detection algorithm in IDS is also included.
Performance of Afirma genomic sequencing classifier vs gene expression classifier in Bethesda category III thyroid nodules: An institutional experience
Authors: Zhang Lin , Smola Brian , Lew Madelyn , Pang Judy , Cantley Richard , Pantanowitz Liron , Heider Amer , Jing Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfirma gene expression classifier (GEC) is an adjunct to thyroid fine needle aspiration shown to improve pre‐operative risk assessment and reduce unnecessary surgery of indeterminate thyroid nodules. Genomic sequencing classifier (GSC) is a newer version aiming to improve specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of Afirma testing. There are limited studies comparing GSC vs GEC. This study was undertaken to compare these classifiers in terms of diagnostic performance and effect on clinical management of indeterminate thyroid nodules.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of patients with thyroid nodules that had a recurrent cytologic diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and were tested by either GEC or GSC. Patient demographics, nodule size, and clinical follow‐up were recorded. Benign call rate (BCR) of Afirma testing, rate of subsequent surgery (RSS), rate of histology‐confirmed malignancy (RHM), as well as diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, PPV, negative predicative value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated and compared between GSC and GEC cohorts.ResultsAmong 264 AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules, 127 and 137 were tested with GEC and GSC, respectively. Compared to GEC, GSC demonstrated increased BCR (77.3% vs 52%), decreased RSS (31.4% vs 51.2%), greater RHM (29% vs 9.8%) associated with a suspicious Afirma result, as well as improved specificity (82.8% vs 54.5%), PPV (29% vs 9.8%), and diagnostic accuracy (83.9% vs 56.7%), while maintaining high sensitivity and NPV.ConclusionAfirma GSC substantially improved BCR, RSS, RHM, and diagnostic performance, enhancing appropriate triage and thereby helped avoid unnecessary surgery in AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules.
A review of cannabidiol‐containing electronic liquids—Current regulations and labelling accuracy
Authors: Dunn Keeley , Taylor Amelia , Turfus Sophie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of cannabidiol in electronic liquids (e‐liquids) is becoming increasingly widespread, and the current regulations enforced onto nicotine‐containing e‐liquids are not applicable to cannabidiol‐based products. This has led to concerns about the quality of cannabidiol vapes. Articles investigating the reliability of product labelling were reviewed using systematic review criteria. Of 70 e‐liquids, 77.1% of the e‐liquids tested in the articles were found to have underestimated or overestimated the cannabidiol quantities stated in the product labelling. Statistical analysis confirmed that there was a significant difference between the labelled and analysed cannabidiol concentrations (p < 0.05, Mann‐Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank). Inaccuracies in received cannabidiol dosages could lead to an increased risk of adverse reactions or limit the therapeutic effect received, highlighting the benefit of enforcing specific regulations on cannabidiol‐based e‐liquids to protect consumer safety and guarantee product efficacy.
Concordance between youth and caregiver report of eating disorder psychopathology: Development and psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder‐15 for Parents/Caregivers (ED‐15‐P)
Authors: Accurso Erin C. , Waller Glenn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveOutcome measurement in youth with eating disorders relies heavily on self‐report, which is problematic in a population that may deny or minimize symptoms. Caregiver‐report measures are lacking. This study examined the psychometric and clinical properties of a newly‐developed measure designed to assess short‐term change in eating disorder symptomatology as observed by caregivers—the Eating Disorder‐15 for Parents/Caregivers (ED‐15‐P).MethodAt initial presentation to an outpatient eating disorders assessment, 206 families (primary caregiver and their child up to 18 years old) completed psychological measures.ResultsThe ED‐15‐P demonstrated excellent reliability, preliminary evidence of discriminant and concurrent validity, and good sensitivity to change early in treatment (first 8 weeks). Agreement between primary caregivers and children on eating disorder psychopathology was moderate, while agreement between pairs of caregivers was relatively strong. Level of agreement varied across behaviors and informants, with poorer caregiver‐child agreement on dieting and driven exercise.DiscussionAgreement was stronger within caregiver pairs than caregiver‐child pairs, indicating that caregivers and their children have related but unique perspectives on eating disorder symptoms, highlighting the importance of multi‐informant assessment. The ED‐15‐P complements a parallel youth report measure to more comprehensively assess eating disorder psychopathology, with high utility for measuring change over time.
Shifts in biomass and structure of habitat‐formers across a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Stelling‐Wood Talia Peta , Poore Alistair G. B. , Gribben Paul E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobal patterns of plant biomass drive the distribution of much of the marine and terrestrial life on Earth. This is because their biomass and physical structure have important consequences for the communities they support by providing food and habitat. In terrestrial ecosystems, temperature is one of the major determinants of plant biomass and can influence plant and leaf morphology. In temperate marine systems, macroalgae are major habitat‐formers and commonly display highly variable morphology in response to local environmental conditions. Variation in their morphology, and thus habitat structure on temperate reefs, however, is poorly understood across large scales. In this study, we used a trait‐based approach to quantify morphological variability in subtidal rocky reefs dominated by the algal genus Sargassum along a latitudinal gradient, in southeastern Australia (~900 km). We tested whether large‐scale variation in sea surface temperature (SST), site exposure, and nutrient availability can predict algal biomass and individual morphology. We found Sargassum biomass declined with increasing maximum SST. We also found that individual morphology varied with abiotic ocean variables. Frond size and intraindividual variability in frond size decreased with increasing with distance from the equator, as SST decreased and nitrate concentration increased. The shape of fronds displayed no clear relationship with any of the abiotic variables measured. These results suggest climate change will cause significant changes to the structure of Sargassum habitats along the southeastern coast of Australia, resulting in an overall reduction in biomass and increase in the prevalence of thalli with large, highly variable fronds. Using a space‐for‐time approach means shifts in morphological trait values can be used as early warning signs of impending species declines and regime shifts. Consequently, by studying traits and how they change across large scales we can potentially predict and anticipate the impacts of environmental change on these communities.
Feasibility Study of Microwave‐Assisted Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil Refinery Waste
Authors: Alishahi Afsaneh , Golmakani Mohammad‐Taghi , Niakousari Mehrdad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVegetable oil refinery waste containing acid oil is used as an inexpensive feedstock for producing biodiesel by microwave‐assisted esterification (MAE) method. Effects of some main variables such as free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio (1:1, 1:5, and 1:10), reaction time (5, 30, and 60 min), and catalyst concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) on physicochemical properties of produced biodiesel are investigated. Optimum reaction conditions of MAE are free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio of 1:10, reaction time of 60 min, and a catalyst concentration of 3%, while having 95.79% conversion yield. By increasing the conversion yield of the biodiesel, density and color brightness increase, while viscosity and refractive index decrease. There are no significant differences between physicochemical and heating properties of biodiesel produced by MAE and magnetic stirrer esterification (MSE) methods. Meanwhile, energy consumption of MAE method is almost four times lower than that of MSE. MAE as a promising alternative to the conventional esterification method can be considered as an energy‐efficient method for producing biodiesel from inexpensive vegetable oil refinery waste.Practical applications: Acid oil is an inexpensive by‐product of alkali refining in vegetable oil plants that would pollute the environment if not rendered safely. In this study, MAE is used to convert acid oil to biodiesel as a practical process for bringing alkali refining waste into production cycle. Acid oil can provide a reduction in the cost of biodiesel production. In addition, application of energy‐efficient MAE method can facilitate the economical production of biodiesel.
Predicting individual variability in task‐evoked brain activity in schizophrenia
Authors: Tik Niv , Livny Abigail , Gal Shachar , Gigi Karny , Tsarfaty Galia , Weiser Mark , Tavor Ido 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhat goes wrong in a schizophrenia patient's brain that makes it so different from a healthy brain? In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the abnormal brain activity in schizophrenia is tightly related to alterations in brain connectivity. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrated that both resting‐state functional connectivity and brain activity during the well‐validated N‐back task differed significantly between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, using a machine‐learning approach we were able to use resting‐state functional connectivity measures extracted from healthy controls to accurately predict individual variability in the task‐evoked brain activation in the schizophrenia patients. The predictions were highly accurate, sensitive, and specific, offering novel insights regarding the strong coupling between brain connectivity and activity in schizophrenia. On a practical perspective, these findings may allow to generate task activity maps for clinical populations without the need to actually perform any tasks, thereby reducing patients inconvenience while saving time and money.
TIPS for Adults Without Cirrhosis With Chronic Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis and EHPVO Refractory to Standard‐of‐Care Therapy
Authors: Knight Gabriel M. , Clark Jeffrey , Boike Justin R. , Maddur Haripriya , Ganger Daniel R. , Talwar Abhinav , Riaz Ahsun , Desai Kush , Mouli Samdeep , Hohlastos Elias , Garcia Pagan Juan‐Carlos , Gabr Ahmed , Stein Brady , Lewandowski Robert , Thornburg Bartley , Salem Riad 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims
Extrahepatic portal vein occlusion (EHPVO) from portal vein thrombosis is a rare condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) for the treatment of chronic EHPVO, cavernomatosis, and mesenteric venous thrombosis in adults without cirrhosis who are refractory to standard‐of‐care therapy.

Approach and Results
Thirty‐nine patients with chronic EHPVO received TIPS. Laboratory parameters and follow‐up were assessed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, and every 6 months thereafter. Two hepatologists adjudicated symptom improvement attributable to mesenteric thrombosis and EHPVO before/after TIPS. Kaplan‐Meier was used to assess primary and overall TIPS patency, assessing procedural success. Adverse events, radiation exposure, hospital length‐of‐stay and patency were recorded. Cavernoma was present in 100%, with TIPS being successful in all cases using splenic, mesenteric, and transhepatic approaches. Symptom improvement was noted in 26 of 30 (87%) at 6‐month follow‐up. Twelve patients (31%) experienced TIPS thrombosis. There were no significant long‐term laboratory adverse events or deaths. At 36 months, freedom from primary TIPS thrombosis was 63%; following secondary interventions, overall patency was increased to 81%.

Conclusions
TIPS in chronic, noncirrhotic EHPVO with cavernomas and mesenteric venous thrombosis is technically feasible and does not adversely affect liver function. Most patients demonstrate subjective and objective benefit from TIPS. Improvement in patency rates are needed with proper timing of adjuvant anticoagulation.
Laparotomic versus robotic surgery in elderly patients with endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Boccia Dominga , Vetrella Martino , Verrazzo Paolo , Granata Marcello , Casadio Paolo , Insabato Luigi , Mollo Antonio , Seracchioli Renato 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough robotics has been shown to improve outcomes in some high‐difficulty surgical category patients, it is unclear if such an approach may improve outcomes in elderly patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).ObjectiveTo compare robotic and laparotomic surgery in the treatment and staging of elderly EC patients.Materials and methodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed assessing the risk of overall, intra‐operative, and peri‐operative complications associated with the surgical approach (laparotomic vs robotic) for elderly patients with EC by relative risk (RR). Pooled means ± standard deviation of length of stay were compared with the unpaired t test. Subgroup analyses for overall complications were performed based on different age cut‐offs (>70, >65, and >75 years) and severity of complications (minor and major). A value of P less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsFive studies with 7629 EC patients were included. Pooled RR for robotic compared with laparotomic surgery was 0.40 (P < 0.001) for overall, 0.46 (P = 0.18) for intra‐operative, and 0.43 (P < 0.001) for peri‐operative complications. Pooled difference between means ± standard deviation of length of stay for robotic versus laparotomic surgery was −3.34 (P < 0.001). At subgroup analyses, pooled RR of overall complications for robotic surgery versus laparotomic surgery was 0.34 (P < 0.001) in the >70 years, 0.51 (P < 0.01) in the >65 years, 0.20 (P = 0.12) in the >75 years groups. Pooled RR was 0.50 (P = 0.1) in the minor complications subgroup, and 0.42 (P = 0.002) in the major complications subgroup.ConclusionRobotics might be a viable alternative to the laparotomic approach for EC in elderly patients because it significantly decreases the risk of overall and peri‐operative complications (mainly major complications), and the length of stay when compared with laparotomy. The decrease in risk of overall complications is greater with increasing patient age.
Single‐step screening and isolation of potential lipoxidase inhibitors from Trifolium repens by stepwise flow rate high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and semipreparative high‐performance liquid chromatography target‐guided by ultrafiltration‐LC‐MS
Authors: Wang Yueqi , Guo Liping , Liu Chunming , Li Sainan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn efficient method based on ultrafiltration high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the rapid screening and identified of the ligands for activated from the extract of Trifolium repens L. Five major compounds, namely ononin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and biochanin A, were identified as potentially effective inhibitors. Subsequently, the specific binding ligands were separated by stepwise flow rate high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and semipreparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. This is the first report that T. repens extracts contain potent lipoxidase inhibitors. In summary, we systematically studied the active components in T. repens, evaluated their activity, separated and purified them, and identified their structure. This method is simple, fast, and efficient. It is suitable for the separation and purification of active compounds in T. repens, and provides a theoretical basis and technical platform for the development of natural medicines.