bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma GDF-15 concentration is not elevated in open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Hubens Wouter H. G. , Kievit Mariëlle T. , Berendschot Tos T. J. M. , de Coo Irenaeus F. M. , Smeets Hubert J. M. , Webers Carroll A. B. , Gorgels Theo G. M. F. 
Published: May 2021

Aim
Recently, the level of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in blood, was proposed as biomarker to detect mitochondrial dysfunction. In the current study, we evaluate this biomarker in open-angle glaucoma (OAG), as there is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the pathophysiology of this disease.

Methods
Plasma GDF-15 concentrations were measured with ELISA in 200 OAG patients and 61 age-matched controls (cataract without glaucoma). The OAG patient group consisted of high tension glaucoma (HTG; n = 162) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG; n = 38). Groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test with Dunn’s multiple comparison post-hoc correction. GDF-15 concentration was corrected for confounders identified with forward linear regression models.

Results
Before correcting for confounders, median plasma GDF-15 levels was significantly lower in the combined OAG group (p = 0.04), but not when analysing HTG and NTG patients separately. Forward linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, smoking and systemic hypertension were significant confounders affecting GDF-15 levels. After correction for these confounders, GDF-15 levels in OAG patients were no longer significantly different from controls. Subgroup analysis of the glaucoma patients did not show a correlation between disease severity and plasma GDF-15, but did reveal that for NTG patients, intake of dietary supplements, which potentially improve mitochondrial function, correlated with lower plasma GDF-15.

Conclusion
The present study suggests that plasma GDF-15 is not suited as biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction in OAG patients.
Adverse Events After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Botwin Gregory J. , Li Dalin , Figueiredo Jane , Cheng Susan , Braun Jonathan , McGovern Dermot P. B. , Melmed Gil Y. 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on immunosuppressive and biologic therapies were largely excluded from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 messenger RNA vaccine trials.

METHODS:
We evaluated adverse events (AE) after messenger RNA vaccination in 246 adults with IBD participating in a longitudinal vaccine registry.

RESULTS:
In general, AE frequency was similar to that reported in the general population. AEs were more common among younger patients and those with previous COVID-19. AEs were less common in individuals receiving advanced therapies with biologics or small-molecule inhibitors.

DISCUSSION:
Those with IBD and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases can be reassured that the AE risk is likely not increased, and may be reduced, while on advanced therapies.
PENGETAHUAN GIZI DAN CARA MENDAPATKAN MAKANAN BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Authors: Jauziyah Shofi , Nuryanto Nuryanto , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif , Purwanti Rachma 
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan makan merupakan tingkah laku manusia terhadap makanan yang meliputi sikap, kepercayaan, dan pemilihan dalam mengonsumsi makanan yang terjadi secara berulang-ulang.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan makan pada mahasiswa di Universitas Diponegoro.Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek adalah 110 mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro berusia 19 – 22 tahun diambil dengan cara consecutive sampling. Data jenis kelamin, pengetahuan gizi, uang saku, tempat tinggal, pengaruh teman sebaya, asal sumber pangan (karbohidrat, protein hewani, protein nabati, sayur, dan buah), kebiasaan makan daerah asal, dan pantangan makan diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner penelitian, data kebiasaan makan diperoleh menggunakan Adolescent Food Habits Checklist. Data dianalisis statistika secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan metode Chi-square.Hasil: Sebagian besar subjek (85,5%) memiliki kebiasaan makan yang tidak sehat sedangkan 14,5% lainnya memiliki kebiasaan makan yang sehat. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi, cara mendapatkan makanan sumber zat gizi berupa karbohidrat, protein hewani, protein nabati, sayur, dan buah dengan kebiasaan makan mahasiswa (p = 0,043, p = 0,005, p = 0,002, p = 0,001, p = 0,010, p = 0,018). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin, uang saku, tempat tinggal, pengaruh teman sebaya, kebiasaan makan daerah asal, dan pantangan makan dengan kebiasaan makan mahasiswa (p>0,05)Simpulan: Pengetahuan gizi dan cara mendapatkan makanan (karbohidrat, protein hewani, protein nabati, sayur, dan buah) merupakan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan makan mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro.
Towards a Description Synthesis of the Entanglement of the Substrate with the Interconnection Network, for Fast Modeling of 3D RF circuits
Authors: Nabil A. , Bernardo J. , Rangel A. , Shaker M. , Abouelatta M. , Fakri-Bouchet L. , Gontrand C. 
Published: May 2021

3D chip stacking is considered known to overcome conventional 2D-IC issues, using Trough Silicon Via (TSVs) to ensure vertical signal transmission between data. If the electrical behaviour of 3D interconnections (redistribution metal lines and through silicon vias) used in 3D IC stack technologies are to be explored in this paper, the substrate itself is of interest, via Green Kernels by solving Poisson's equation analytically. Using this technique, the substrate coupling and loss in IC's can be analysed. We implement our algorithms in MATLAB. This method has been already used; but, it permits to extract impedances for a stacked uniform layers substrate. We have extended for any numbers of embedded contacts, of any shape. On a second hand, we grasp the background noise between any two points, in the bulk, or at the surface, from a transfer impedance extraction technique. With an analog algorithm, a strength of this work, we calculate unsteady solutions of the heat equation, using a spreading resistance concept. This method has been adapted to stacked layers. With this general tool of impedance field, we investigate on the problems encountered by interconnects, especially the vias, the substrate, and their entanglement. A calculation of thermal mechanical stresses and their effects on substrate crack (max and min stresses), devices (i.e: transistors) and hotspots, are made to track the performance. But, to well understand the interconnection incidence on 3D system performances, it is important to consider the whole electrical context; it seems relevant to consider the possible couplings between vias, not only by the electromagnetic field, but also by any possible energy transfer between interconnects; more generally, one of actual problem is to determine where the energy is really confined in such 3D circuits, before find solutions to limit pollutions coming from electro-magneto -thermal phenomena or background noises.
Mittelhochdeutsche Sprachzeugnisse oder romantische Fälschungen?
Authors: Kroiß Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For some decades, the authenticity of the German inscriptions of the castle Wildenberg in the Odenwald was rejected repeatedly. If they were created around 1200, they would be among the oldest known inscriptions written in German. This study attempts to verify the widely accepted assumption, that the inscriptions were ›forgeries‹ of the 19th century, based on epigraphic and linguistic criteria. It becomes apparent that evidence for ›forgery‹ cannot be provided based on the forms of the letters. A comparison of the preserved word and name forms shows, however, that the doubts concerning the authenticity of the inscriptions at the gate tower of the castle can be substantiated linguistically, whereas the inscriptions of the palas fit into the tradition of Middle High German texts.
Pathomechanisms in hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Häussinger Dieter , Butz Markus , Schnitzler Alfons , Görg Boris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent neuropsychiatric complication in patients with acute or chronic liver failure. Symptoms of HE in particular include disturbances of sensory and motor functions and cognition. HE is triggered by heterogeneous factors such as ammonia being a main toxin, benzodiazepines, proinflammatory cytokines and hyponatremia. HE in patients with liver cirrhosis is triggered by a low-grade cerebral edema and cerebral oxidative/nitrosative stress which bring about a number of functionally relevant alterations including posttranslational protein modifications, oxidation of RNA, gene expression changes and senescence. These alterations are suggested to impair astrocyte/neuronal functions and communication. On the system level, a global slowing of oscillatory brain activity and networks can be observed paralleling behavioral perceptual and motor impairments. Moreover, these changes are related to increased cerebral ammonia, alterations in neurometabolite and neurotransmitter concentrations and cortical excitability in HE patients.
Simulation studies of n-heptane/toluene separation by extractive distillation using sulfolane, phenol, and NMP
Authors: Perkar Tushar , Choksi Naitik , Modi Chintan , Joshipura Milind 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Simulation studies of n-heptane/toluene system were performed using Aspen Plus. The comparative study of different entrainers: N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), Phenol, and Sulfolane for separation of this system was done. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to optimize flowsheets. The criteria to determine the appropriate solvent for the said system included, the total cost calculated by the Aspen Process Economic Analyzer, amount of the solvent consumed, cost of the solvent, and purity obtained during the separation process. For the given system, sulfolane was found to be the appropriate solvent.
An adaptive, observer-based switching method for B4 inverters feeding three-phase induction motors
Authors: Valiyan Holagh Hossein , Abbasian Najafabadi Tooraj , Safamehr Hossein 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA four-switch inverter called the B4 inverter is a reconfigured topology of a B6 inverter, one leg of which is damaged. The four-switch topology provides the overall system with fault-tolerant characteristics. However, this reconfiguration will not only change the system dynamics but also degrade the system performance. For overcoming with these issues, this paper presents an adaptive switching method based on DC-link voltage control. In the proposed method, the selection of active vectors and the calculation of switching times are made according to an adaptive, observer-based algorithm which will reduce DC-link voltage oscillations and adjust unbalanced currents fed to induction machines. In this algorithm, an online, designed observer is utilized so as to estimate the DC amount of the DC-link voltage. Applying this method, we will decrease flux and torque ripples as well as increase the inverter efficiency and performance. The simulation results presented in the MATLAB environment evaluate and validate the performance and effectiveness of this approach.
Non-Newtonian fluid flow having fluid–particle interaction through a porous zone in a channel with permeable walls
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Hussain Sifat , Hasnain Jafar , Nadeem Amir , Rauf Amar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The flow of Casson fluid streaming through a porous zone in a permeable channel with homogeneously distributed dust particles is studied. The flow is oscillatory and exposed to thermal radiation. With non-uniform temperature and velocity slip at the wall, the channel is put under transverse magnetic flux control. The variable separation approach is used to obtain the exact analytic solution for the flow fields of fluid and dust particles. Physical insights of collective effects of suction/injection, magnetic field, thermal radiation, and buoyance force on the fluid velocity, temperature, rate of heat transport and friction at the wall surface are examined and analysed graphically. Results reveal that surface friction increases on both channel plates as an injection on the hot plate rises.
Francis Bacon in Yan Fu’s Tianyan lun
Authors: Guowei Shen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previous studies of the sources of thought in Yan Fu’s Tianyan lun have failed to give suffi cient attention to Francis Bacon. The source of Yan Fu’s ideal of a strong and prosperous China is, I think, none other than Bacon. This paper discusses Bacon as he appeared in Yan Fu’s Tianyan lun and political essays written at the time of Tianyan lun, and Bacon’s infl uence on Yan Fu.
Horn growth patterns of Nubian ibex from the Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Attum Omar , Soultan Alaaeldin , Bender Louis C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Documenting patterns of horn growth and horn-age relationships of Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of their natural history, horn development in ibex in general, and future conservation of the species. Our specific objectives included (1) documenting age-horn growth patterns; (2) contrasting horn growth patterns of Nubian ibex with other ibex species; and (3) determining whether horn development accurately reflects age of Nubian ibex in Sinai, Egypt. As expected, all male and female horn measurements had significant relationships with age. Horn growth in males started plateauing at ca. age 7–8, whereas female horn growth started plateauing at ca. age 4–6. The extremely arid environment of Nubian ibex in the Sinai may account for the slowing of horn growth at a younger age than seen in populations of some other ibex species. We found a significant relationship between the number of horn ridges and age, indicating that counting horn ridges provides a viable method of aging males to within ±1 y. Thus counting horn ridges may be a useful and non-invasive method to determine age or age class, which can further our understanding of age structure, the natural history, and management of Nubian ibex populations.
Neuere sozialethische Entwicklungen in der Orthodoxie
Authors: Heller Dagmar 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel möchte das neue, im März 2020 veröffentlichte Papier „For the Life of the World. Toward a Social Ethos of the Orthodox Church“ (FLW) vorstellen und durch den Vergleich mit früheren orthodoxen Äußerungen zum Thema in seiner Bedeutung für den inner-orthodoxen Dialog wie auch für das ökumenische Gespräch erfassen. Dabei kommt die Autorin zu dem Ergebnis, dass FLW im Vergleich zu den früheren Texten einen grundlegend positiveren Zugang zu modernen Fragestellungen wie Menschenrechte, menschliche Lebensformen, Wissenschaft und Technik hat und eine größere Offenheit aufweist. Aus diesem Grund hat das neu veröffentlichte Dokument ein wegweisendes Potential nicht nur für die Orthodoxie selbst, sondern auch für die ökumenischen Dialoge der Orthodoxen Kirchen mit anderen Kirchen.
How culture, institutions, and individuals shape the evolving gender gap in science and mathematics: an equity provocation for the scientific community
Authors: Lozano Guadalupe I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This essay contextualizes recently measured global gender gaps in science and mathematics within three different themes relevant for enhancing equity in science: journal peer review policies, academic service at US higher education institutions, and parental leave policies and usage. The article aims to problematize potential approaches for reducing such gender gaps, and thus build capacity to advance evidence-grounded transformative change. Framed as an equity provocation for the science community, this piece hopes to elicit productive thought and evidence-based action through informed perspective taking. The vision is not just to enhance gender equity in science and mathematics, but also to ensure the continued quality and relevance of our scientific endeavors for today’s diverse and global world.
Lignin-based polymers
Authors: Qi Fan , Chaoqun Zhang , Weijun Yang , Qingwen Wang , Rongxian Ou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
On the basis of the world’s continuing consumption of raw materials, there was an urgent need to seek sustainable resources. Lignin, the second naturally abundant biomass, accounts for 15–35% of the cell walls of terrestrial plants and is considered waste for low-cost applications such as thermal and electricity generation. The impressive characteristics of lignin, such as its high abundance, low density, biodegradability, antioxidation, antibacterial capability, and its CO2 neutrality and enhancement, render it an ideal candidate for developing new polymer/composite materials. In past decades, considerable works have been conducted to effectively utilize waste lignin as a component in polymer matrices for the production of high-performance lignin-based polymers. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the recent advances and challenges involving lignin-based polymers utilizing lignin macromonomer and its derived monolignols. These lignin-based polymers include phenol resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, etc. The structural characteristics and functions of lignin-based polymers are discussed in each section. In addition, we also try to divide various lignin reinforced polymer composites into different polymer matrices, which can be separated into thermoplastics, rubber, and thermosets composites. This chapter is expected to increase the interest of researchers worldwide in lignin-based polymers and develop new ideas in this field.
Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)
Authors: Goodsel James , Madbouly Samy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable material that can be processed using the common processing techniques, such as injection molding, extrusion, and blow molding. PLA has widely been researched and tested due to its biodegradable nature. As a biodegradable material, PLA can be subject to some inherently poor qualities, such as its brittleness, weak mechanical properties, small processing windows, or poor electrical and thermal properties. In order to nullify some of these issues, nanofiller composites have been added to the polymer matrix, such as nanocellulose, nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Dye-clay hybrid nanopigments (DCNP) have been used to explore potential applications in the food packaging industry with promising results. Several different compatibilizers have been studied as well, with the goal of increasing the mechanical properties of blends. A key application for PLA is in wound healing and surgical work, with a few studies described in the present chapter. Finally, the superwettability of dopamine modified PLA is examined, with promising results for separation of oily wastewater.
Bio-based polyamide
Authors: Khedr Medhat S. Farahat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Biobased polymers are sustainable polymers produced from renewable resources such as biomass feedstocks instead of the industrial fossil resources such as petroleum and natural gases. This trend helps in creating an environmentally friendly chemical processing that is characterized by low carbon footprint emission to the globe which in turn will limit the increase of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration even after their incineration. Synthesis of polymeric materials from biobased resources also solves the problem of polymer waste recycling. This chapter covers a basic background on the origin and importance of biobased polyamides, different synthetic routes of their starting monomeric materials obtained from biomass feedstocks, and a brief summary of the physical and chemical properties and applications of some common aliphatic, semiaromatic and fully aromatic polyamides. This chapter ends with a recent published data on the growth of the global market of biobased polyamides to emphasize on the economic importance of this manufacturing trend.
Lyophilization-free proliposomes for sustained release oral delivery of hydrophobic drug (cinnarazine): a comparative study
Authors: Abu Abed Omar S. , Mulkala Srilikha , Sharif Israa , Abdin Asma M. , Elkordy Amal A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Cinnarizine is used for the treatment of vestibular disorders. However, its poor solubility limits its clinical uses due to many challenges. Liposomes were utilised to improve the release profile of many poorly soluble drugs. However, liposomes face many stability challenges during the storage period. This study aims to develop proliposomes designed for the oral delivery of cinnarizine with enhanced stability characteristics.

Methods
Three cinnarizine entrapping Proliposomal formulations were prepared with different ingredients and compared with their liposomal counterparts. Both vesicular approaches were characterised for their particle size, encapsulation efficiency, drug release and stability.

Results
The proliposomes were superior to liposomes in their stability and release profiles. Although no significant changes were noticed between the encapsulation efficiency percentage of the liposomal and proliposomal formulations on the day of preparation, storing the formulations for two weeks ended up with significant leakage of the drug from liposomes (p < 0.05) due to stability issues, but not in proliposomes. Moreover, the proliposomes released 100% of cinnarizine throughout the dissolution experiment in gastric fluid in comparison with the total released drug of 70% from the liposomes.

Conclusions
Proliposomes provided a successful approach to deliver lipophilic drugs orally to improve their pharmacokinetic properties by converting their crystalline nature into more amorphous agents.
The girl with finches: a unique post-medieval burial in Tunel Wielki Cave, southern Poland
Authors: Wojenka Michał , Jaskulska Elżbieta , Popović Danijela , Baca Mateusz , Frog  , Fetner Rafał , Wertz Krzysztof , Rataj Karolina , Gryczewska Natalia , Kosiński Tymoteusz , Kot Małgorzata 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cave burials are generally absent from historical periods in Europe. Consequently, the discovery of a post-medieval inhumation of a child buried with at least one bird head placed in the mouth in Tunel Wielki Cave (southern Poland) is an exceptional find. The aim of this paper is to discuss this unique burial based on multiproxy analyses conducted on the human and avian remains, including genetic and isotopic analyses as well as CT scans, radiocarbon dating, and anthropological and paleontological assessment. The results reveal the burial was that of a 10–12 year old girl of likely Fennoscandian or Baltic genetic ancestry, who died in the post-medieval period and was buried in the cave with the placement of one, and possibly two, bird heads in the mouth of the deceased. We propose that the girl is associated with Finno-Karelian troops of a Swedish garrison stationed at the adjacent Ojców Castle during King Carl Gustav’s invasion of Poland in 1655–1657.
Replacing a Judahite with an Ephraimite taskmaster
Authors: Na’aman Nadav 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The story of the assembly at Shechem (I Reg 11, 26–28.40; 12,1–20*) was composed within a sapiential circle of literati in the Kingdom of Judah in about the mid-seventh century. Underlying the story is a subversive account that depicts sarcastically the establishment of the Israelite monarchy and ridicules the figure of Jeroboam, its founder. In essence, the setting of the new king comprises the replacement of the former Judahite taskmaster by an Israelite one. The Deuteronomist cut short the account of Jeroboam’s rebellion and inserted the episode of Ahijah and Jeroboam. Thereby, he blurred the message of the early story and fitted the sequence of events to his ideological presentation of Israel’s history.