bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anglicization and Canonization of Ballroom Dance, Late 19th — Early 20th Century
Authors: Pavlyuk T. 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article. The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics of the evolutionary processes in the English dance style of the XX — early XXI century.
The methodology is an organic set of basic research principles: objectivity, historicism, multifactority, systemacity, complexity, development and pluralism, and to achieve the goal, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem­chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical­analytical.
The results. The evolution of the English dance style took place through professionalization. Communication at the international level between teachers­choreographers, the popularization of dance competitions and tournaments, the development of a judging system formed not only the content of new ballroom dances, but also the manner of their performance. The English style of performance has become a model for the world dance society for many years. Foreign­born dances, which were fashionable among the general public, were transformed by the British dance society in the 1920s and 1930s to form the so­called “English style” of ballroom dancing. Consistently claiming that dance is an expression of national character, the country’s professional dancers and dance teachers have sought to create a British dance form that is distinct from foreign forms. It was the process of “Anglicization” of foreign ballroom dancing that became one of the most important elements of the national dance culture of Great Britain in the 1920s and 1930s. The original British school of ballroom dancing, the style and methods of which were popularized in European countries in the early 1930s, led to the development and standardization of requirements for the conduction of competitions and championships. Improving the national rating system, the English system of training and identifying the best performers of ballroom choreography for many decades of the XX century remained the only generally recognized dance school in the world. Now the UK remains a leader in the art of ballroom choreography in many of its aspects — from pedagogical methods of training high­class performers and choreographers to the media and tournament sphere.
The topicality. An attempt has been made to research the topical issues of the development of the English dance style of the XX — early XXI century.
The practical significance. The research may be used in developing lectures by specialists in choreography.
Pastoral and the Principles of Its Stylization (Based On the Material of Vocal Music)
Authors: Huang Lei 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the role of stylization as a style­forming principle in the evolution of the pastoral genre based on textbook chamber­vocal compositions (arias by W. A. Mozart), as well as little­known ones.
The methodology. The proposed research differs from other studies, which are close in the topic (T. Livanova, A. Korobova, A. Taylor and others), by an interpretative­cognitive approach dictated by the challenges of modern performing practice. A comparative analysis of pastoral semantics in European and Chinese poetics was also used.
The results. On the basis of vocal miniatures created in the XX century (S. Vasylenko “Pastoral” op. 45, No. 5 and A. Rudianskyi “Lotus” and “The Flute on the Water” from the cycle “The Lake of White Lotus” (2001), a parallel of the European pastorals and ancient Chinese poetry from the point of view of a pastoral person in different pictures of the world has been drawn. The onto­sonological foundation of the pastoral is made up of a human voice accompanied by a shepherd’s pipe, landscape sound painting (the singing of birds, the murmur of a brook), and the vastness of natural landscapes (plain air). The author develops the conceptual apparatus of the theory of the pastoral to reveal the richness of various composing interpretations of the genre, its dynamics: “semantics of the pastoral”, “ontology of the pastoral image”, “pastoral person”, “pastoral picture of the world”.
The topicality of the interpretative­comparative analysis is the conclusion about the necessary principles of stylization of the pastoral: the presence of a genre invariant with its own stable, psychological mechanism of recognition by listeners; historical distancing from the prototype (ancient poetry, baroque opera); creative synthesis of many traditions of the artistic existence of the genre and the signs of its national musical attribution. Poetic text and symbolization of the musical language are also the mechanisms of stylization of the pastoral in vocal music. Musical and poetic symbols, created by the author’s intuition, form a new life for the pastoral in the creative work of the XX century composers. If the composer’s interpretation of the genre invariant of the pastoral has ensured its viability for millennia, then the performer of pastoral compositions is responsible for their genre and style “purity”. The performers must master the technique of recreating the sound­like world of a pastoral person.
The practical significance of the topic is confirmed by the fact of the actualization of the pastoral in the performance of the XXI century, due to the systematic inclusion of its samples into the concert repertoire of vocalists (including those from the People’s Republic of China), which requires appropriate historical and theoretical knowledge when modelling the behaviour of a pastoral person in the modern cultural situation.
The Impact of Using Task-Based Activities on Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill
Authors: Shamsy Atefeh , Mombeini Rasoul 
Published: October 2021

This study explored the impacts of task-based activities on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ speaking skill. To do the current study, the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was given to 75 students and 50 intermediate participants whose scores were between 40 and 47 were selected. Then, the participants were randomly divided into two groups; one experimental group and one control group. Then they were given three topics to talk about in two minutes as a speaking pre-test. Afterwards, the experimental group received the treatment through task-based activities while the control group received a traditional instruction. The whole instruction lasted eight sessions. In the first two sessions, the OQPT and the pre-test were administered, respectively; in five sessions, the participants received the treatment, and in the eighth session, the post-test of speaking was given to the participants of both groups to measure the effects of the treatment on their speaking improvement. The collected data were analyzed through independent and paired samples t-tests and the results indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group on the post-test. In other words, there was a significant difference between the speaking post-test of the two groups. The implications, the conclusions, the limitations, and the suggestions of the research were explained.
Learners’ Experiences In Using Online-Based Application During COVID-19 Pandemic In English Department
Authors: Adijaya Nuryansyah , Zuriyati Zuriyati , Lustyantie Ninuk , Hadi Muhamad Sofian , Maharani Aulia 
Published: October 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, all activities such as teaching and learning activities at college must be carried out online. This online learning activity utilizes online-based learning applications. Every students certainly have their positive and negative response and opinion about using online learning application. Therefore, this research aims to obtain and describe about learners' experiences in using online-based learning application during COVID-19 pandemic in English Department. The method of this research is qualitative descriptive study. Data collection was conducted by questionnaire and 1 questions for polling. The respondents of this research were 40 English department learners. To gain in-depth explanation, the researchers also interviewed 7 learners through WhatsApp application. The results showed that students gave positive and negative responses to the use of online-based learning applications.
CONDITIONS FOR FORMING TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY OF SCHOOLBOYS
Authors: Romanchuk A. 
Published: October 2021

The article highlights the problem of the formation of technological literacy in the context of modern education. The interest on the part of society and the state in the formation of technologically competent personnel has been substantiated. The theoretical aspects of technological literacy are considered, as well as the concepts of technological literacy, technological culture and technological competence are differentiated. Technological literacy itself was viewed in three contexts:
- as a property of the student's personality;
-as an educational goal;
- as a response of the education system to social demand.
The request from the state is represented by a set of regulatory documents that determine the requirements for the quality and content of the educational process.
The paper lists the main forms of thinking necessary for the formation of technological literacy, defines the pedagogical goals of technological education. The conditions for the formation of technological literacy in the form of a system of factors are described. Special attention is paid to the technological literacy of the teacher and the mechanism of the successive transfer of personal technological experience from teacher to student is described.
Visual deterioration after endonasal endoscopic skull base surgery: causes, treatments, and outcomes
Authors: Carnevale Joseph A. , Babu Christopher S. , Goldberg Jacob L. , Fong Reginald , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Visual deterioration after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for sellar and parasellar masses is a rare but serious complication caused by either compressive or ischemic mechanisms. Timely diagnosis and intervention may restore vision if instituted appropriately. The associated risk factors and their relation to the success of intervention are not well understood.

METHODS
The authors examined a series of 1200 consecutive EETS cases performed by the senior author at Weill Cornell/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital from 2010 to 2020. Cases with postoperative visual deterioration were identified. Pre- and postoperative clinical data, mechanism of visual decline, latency to intervention, and long-term visual outcome were retrospectively collected and analyzed with appropriate statistical methods.

RESULTS
Twenty-one patients (1.75%) complained of early postoperative visual deterioration. The most common pathology associated with postoperative visual loss was craniopharyngioma (7.69%), followed by meningioma (5.43%) and then pituitary adenoma (1.94%). Timely intervention restored vision in 81% of patients for a 0.33% rate of permanent visual deterioration. Average time to visual deterioration was 28.8 hours, and over 70% of patients experienced vision loss within the first 13 hours. Compressive etiology (n = 11), consisting of either hematoma (n = 8) or graft displacement (n = 3), occurred 7.3 hours and 70.3 hours after surgery, respectively, and was more common in adenomas. Acute postoperative visual deterioration was more common in firm closures (4.78%) compared with soft closures (1.03%; p = 0.0006). Ischemic etiology (n = 10) occurred 10.3 hours after surgery and was more common with craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas (p = 0.08). Sixteen patients (76.2%) underwent early reoperation to explore and decompress the optic apparatus. Vision was restored to baseline after reoperation in all 11 compressive cases, whereas 6/10 ischemic cases improved with supplemental oxygen and hypervolemic hypertensive therapy (p = 0.02). Fluid expansion from 8 to 16 hours (p = 0.034) and systolic blood pressure elevation from 32 to 48 hours (p = 0.05) after surgery were significantly higher in those ischemic patients who recovered some vision compared with those with persistent visual deficits.

CONCLUSIONS
Visual deterioration after EETS is a rare event but can be effectively treated if acted upon appropriately and in a timely fashion. Compressive etiology is reversible with early reoperation. Ischemic etiology can be successfully treated in roughly half of cases with supplemental oxygen and hypertensive hypervolemic therapy but may result in permanent visual deterioration if not instituted appropriately or if delayed with unnecessary exploratory surgery.
Quality metrics in adult spinal deformity surgery over the last decade: a combined analysis of the largest prospective multicenter data sets
Authors: Pellisé Ferran , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Vila-Casademunt Alba , Gum Jeffrey L. , Obeid Ibrahim , Smith Justin S. , Kleinstück Frank S. , Bess Shay , Pizones Javier , Lafage Virginie , Pérez-Grueso Francisco Javier S. , Schwab Frank J. , Burton Douglas C. , Klineberg Eric O. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Alanay Ahmet , Ames Christopher P. , _ _ 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
The reported rate of complications and cost of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, associated with an exponential increase in the number of surgeries, cause alarm among healthcare payers and providers worldwide. The authors conjointly analyzed the largest prospective available ASD data sets to define trends in quality-of-care indicators (complications, reinterventions, and health-related quality of life [HRQOL] outcomes) since 2010.

METHODS
This is an observational prospective longitudinal cohort study. Patients underwent surgery between January 2010 and December 2016, with > 2 years of follow-up data. Demographic, surgical, radiological, and HRQOL (i.e., Oswestry Disability Index, SF-36, Scoliosis Research Society-22r) data obtained preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery were evaluated. Trends and changes in indicators were analyzed using local regression (i.e., locally estimated scatterplot smoothing [LOESS]) and adjusted odds ratio (OR).

RESULTS
Of the 2286 patients included in the 2 registries, 1520 underwent surgery between 2010 and 2016. A total of 1151 (75.7%) patients who were treated surgically at 23 centers in 5 countries met inclusion criteria. Patient recruitment increased progressively (2010–2011 vs 2015–2016: OR 1.64, p < 0.01), whereas baseline clinical characteristics (age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, HRQOL scores, sagittal deformity) did not change. Since 2010 there has been a sustained reduction in major and minor postoperative complications observed at 90 days (major: OR 0.59; minor: OR 0.65; p < 0.01); at 1 year (major: OR 0.52; minor: 0.75; p < 0.01); and at 2 years of follow-up (major: OR 0.4; minor: 0.80; p < 0.01) as well as in the 2-year reintervention rate (OR 0.41, p < 0.01). Simultaneously, there has been a slight improvement in the correction of sagittal deformity (i.e., pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch: OR 1.11, p = 0.19) and a greater gain in quality of life (i.e., Oswestry Disability Index 26% vs 40%, p = 0.02; Scoliosis Research Society-22r, self-image domain OR 1.16, p = 0.13), and these are associated with a progressive reduction of surgical aggressiveness (number of fused segments: OR 0.81, p < 0.01; percent pelvic fixation: OR 0.66, p < 0.01; percent 3-column osteotomies: OR 0.63, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
The best available data show a robust global improvement in quality metrics in ASD surgery over the last decade. Surgical complications and reoperations have been reduced by half, while improvement in disability increased and correction rates were maintained, in patients with similar baseline characteristics.
Quantification of tumor response of cystic vestibular schwannoma to Gamma Knife radiosurgery by using artificial intelligence
Authors: Huang Chih-Ying , Peng Syu-Jyun , Wu Hsiu-Mei , Yang Huai-Che , Chen Ching-Jen , Wang Mao-Che , Hu Yong-Sin , Chen Yu-Wei , Lin Chung-Jung , Guo Wan-Yuo , Pan David Hung-Chi , Chung Wen-Yuh , Lee Cheng-Chia 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a common treatment modality for vestibular schwannoma (VS). The ability to predict treatment response is important in patient counseling and decision-making. The authors developed an algorithm that can automatically segment and differentiate cystic and solid tumor components of VS. They also investigated associations between the quantified radiological features of each component and tumor response after GKRS.

METHODS
This is a retrospective study comprising 323 patients with VS treated with GKRS. After preprocessing and generation of pretreatment T2-weighted (T2W)/T1-weighted with contrast (T1WC) images, the authors segmented VSs into cystic and solid components by using fuzzy C-means clustering. Quantitative radiological features of the entire tumor and its cystic and solid components were extracted. Linear regression models were implemented to correlate clinical variables and radiological features with the specific growth rate (SGR) of VS after GKRS.

RESULTS
A multivariable linear regression model of radiological features of the entire tumor demonstrated that a higher tumor mean signal intensity (SI) on T2W/T1WC images (p < 0.001) was associated with a lower SGR after GKRS. Similarly, a multivariable linear regression model using radiological features of cystic and solid tumor components demonstrated that a higher solid component mean SI (p = 0.039) and a higher cystic component mean SI (p = 0.004) on T2W/T1WC images were associated with a lower SGR after GKRS. A larger cystic component proportion (p = 0.085) was associated with a trend toward a lower SGR after GKRS.

CONCLUSIONS
Radiological features of VSs on pretreatment MRI that were quantified using fuzzy C-means were associated with tumor response after GKRS. Tumors with a higher tumor mean SI, a higher solid component mean SI, and a higher cystic component mean SI on T2W/T1WC images were more likely to regress in volume after GKRS. Those with a larger cystic component proportion also trended toward regression after GKRS. Further refinement of the algorithm may allow direct prediction of tumor response.
Flexible thecoscopy for extensive spinal arachnoiditis
Authors: Mastorakos Panagiotis , Pomeraniec I. Jonathan , Bryant Jean-Paul , Chittiboina Prashant , Heiss John D. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Chronic adhesive spinal arachnoiditis (SA) is a complex disease process that results in spinal cord tethering, CSF flow blockage, intradural adhesions, spinal cord edema, and sometimes syringomyelia. When it is focal or restricted to fewer than 3 spinal segments, the disease responds well to open surgical approaches. More extensive arachnoiditis extending beyond 4 spinal segments has a much worse prognosis because of less adequate removal of adhesions and a higher propensity for postoperative scarring and retethering. Flexible neuroendoscopy can extend the longitudinal range of the surgical field with a minimalist approach. The authors present a cohort of patients with severe cervical and thoracic arachnoiditis and myelopathy who underwent flexible endoscopy to address arachnoiditis at spinal segments not exposed by open surgical intervention. These observations will inform subsequent efforts to improve the treatment of extensive arachnoiditis.

METHODS
Over a period of 3 years (2017–2020), 10 patients with progressive myelopathy were evaluated and treated for extensive SA. Seven patients had syringomyelia, 1 had spinal cord edema, and 2 had spinal cord distortion. Surgical intervention included 2- to 5-level thoracic laminectomy, microscopic lysis of adhesions, and then lysis of adhesions at adjacent spinal levels performed using a rigid or flexible endoscope. The mean follow-up was 5 months (range 2–15 months). Neurological function was examined using standard measures. MRI was used to assess syrinx resolution.

RESULTS
The mean length of syringes was 19.2 ± 10 cm, with a mean maximum diameter of 7.0 ± 2.9 mm. Patients underwent laminectomies averaging 3.7 ± 0.9 (range 2–5) levels in length followed by endoscopy, which expanded exposure by an average of another 2.4 extra segments (6.1 ± 4.0 levels total). Endoscopic dissection of extensive arachnoiditis in the dorsal subarachnoid space proceeded through a complex network of opaque arachnoidal bands and membranes bridging from the dorsal dura mater to the spinal cord. In less severely problematic areas, the arachnoid membrane was transparent and attached to the spinal cord through multifocal arachnoid adhesions bridging the subarachnoid space. The endoscope did not compress or injure the spinal cord.

CONCLUSIONS
Intrathecal endoscopy allowed visual assessment and safe removal of intradural adhesions beyond the laminectomy margins. Further development of this technique should improve its effectiveness in opening the subarachnoid space and untethering the spinal cord in cases of extensive chronic adhesive SA.
The semisitting position in pediatric neurosurgery: pearls and pitfalls of a 10-year experience
Authors: Teping Fritz , Linsler Stefan , Zemlin Michael , Oertel Joachim 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to investigate the pearls and pitfalls of using the semisitting position in pediatric neurosurgery, with special focus on related morbidity and surgical practicability.

METHODS
All pediatric cases at a single institution were evaluated retrospectively. Those patients who underwent procedures in the semisitting position between December 2010 and December 2020 were included in the final analysis. Results were compared with all children who underwent surgery in the prone position for posterior fossa lesions within the same time frame.

RESULTS
A total of 42 posterior fossa surgeries were performed in 38 children in the semisitting position between December 2010 and December 2020. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 8.9 years (range 13 months–18 years). The data of 24 surgeries performed in the prone position in 22 children during the same time frame were analyzed in comparison. Three children (7.9%) were diagnosed with a persistent foramen ovale preoperatively. The surgery was completed in all cases. The incidence of venous air embolism (VAE) was 11.9%. There was no VAE-related hemodynamic instability, infarction, or death. Endoscopic techniques were applied safely in 14 cases (33.3%). Postoperative pneumocephalus occurred significantly more frequently in patients who had undergone procedures in the semisitting position (p < 0.05), but without the need for intervention. During 1 surgery (2.4%), the patient experienced a postoperative skull fracture and epidural bleeding due to the skull clamp application. Clinical status of the patients immediately after surgery was improved or stable in 33 of the 42 surgeries (78.6%) performed in the semisitting position.

CONCLUSIONS
With attentive performance and an experienced surgical team, the semisitting position is a safe option for posterior fossa surgery in the pediatric population. With a comparable complication profile, the semisitting position offers excellent anatomical exposure, which is ideal for the application of endoscopic visualization. Careful skull clamp application and appropriate monitoring are highly recommended.