bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dizziness
Authors: Kerber Kevin A. , Baloh Robert W. 
Published: January 2021

Dizziness is the quintessential symptom presentation in all of clinical medicine. It is a common reason that patients present to a physician. This chapter provides background information about the vestibular system, then reviews key aspects of history-taking and examination of the patient, then discusses specific disorders and common presentation types. Throughout the chapter the focus is on neurologic and vestibular disorders. Normal vestibular anatomy and physiology are discussed, followed by recommendations for history-taking and the physical examination. Specific disorders that cause dizziness are explored, along with common causes of non-specific dizziness. Common presentations are discussed, including acute severe dizziness, recurrent attacks, and recurrent positional vertigo. Finally, the chapter looks at laboratory investigations in diagnosis and management. Figures include population prevalence of dizziness symptoms, the anatomy of inner structures, primary afferent vestibular nerve activity, the head thrust test, the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, the supine positional test, the canalith repositioning procedure, and the barbecue roll maneuver. Tables list physiologic properties and clinical features of the components of the peripheral vestibular system, information to be acquired from history of the present illness, common symptoms patients report as dizziness, examination components, distinguishing among common peripheral and central vertigo syndromes, common causes of nonspecific dizziness, types of dizziness presentations, relevant imaging abnormalities on neuroimaging studies, vestibular testing components, and medical therapy for symptomatic dizziness.
This review contains 8 highly rendered figures, 11 tables, and 69 references.
Ectopic Ureter: Diagnosis and Medical Management
Authors: Hester Austin , Atala Anthony 
Published: January 2021

The ectopic ureter is an uncommon presentation in the pediatric population with a 6 to 1 female-to-male prevalence. From an embryologic standpoint, ectopic ureters form as a result of failure of proper development of the urogenital sinus with ectopic development of the ureteral orifice. They are most often associated with a duplicated collecting system. The location of the orifice is most commonly in the posterior urethra. Diagnosis is usually made with a combination of multiple imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, nuclear scintigraphy, and sometimes CT or MRI. In this review, we detail the origin of the ectopic ureter and discuss diagnosis and medical management.
This review contains 3 figures, and 29 references.
Key words: CT, cystourethrography, ectopic ureter, MRI, renal duplication anomalies, ultrasonography, voiding nuclear scintigraphy
Ectopic Ureter: Surgical Management
Authors: Hester Austin , Atala Anthony 
Published: January 2021

The ectopic ureter is an uncommon presentation in the pediatric population, seen in approximately one in 2,000 live births with a female prevalence. However, observation and conservative management have a short-lived role as many of these children are incontinent or symptomatic from an obstructed system. Urgent decompression of an infected system may be required as a temporizing measure before definitive surgical management can be pursued. In this review, we discuss the surgical options available for the ectopic ureter. This includes heminephrectomy of the nonfunctioning renal unit and reconstructive measures such as ureteral reimplantation, ureteroureterostomy, and ureteropyelostomy. We also discuss the management of the remnant ureteral stump and concomitant vesicoureteral reflux.

This review contains 1 figure and 35 references.
Key words: cutaneous ureterostomy, ectopic ureter, renal duplication anomalies, heminephrectomy, ureteral reimplantation, ureteropyelostomy, ureteroureterostomy
Medical Management of Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Alzweri Laith M , Gabrielson Andrew T , Cowper Matthew G , Hellstrom Wayne J 
Published: January 2021

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common form of male sexual dysfunction across all age groups. PE is associated with negative psychological consequences including frustration, distress, and low self-confidence, which can create an obstacle while forming new partner relationships. Given the subjective and highly variable nature of sexual dysfunction, there are multiple and often inconsistent definitions PE. The International Society for Sexual Medicine provides the most comprehensive definition of PE: both acquired and lifelong PE are characterized by ejaculation that always or nearly always occurs approximately within 1 min of vaginal penetration or when the patient has a clinically bothersome reduction in intravaginal ejaculatory latency time or due to an inability to delay ejaculation in all or nearly all vaginal penetrations–all of which lead to the accumulation of negative psychosocial burden. The etiology of PE may stem from genetic predisposition or psychologic components; however, the precise mechanism has not been elucidated and likely differs from individual to individual. There is a well-established link between PE and neurotransmitter signaling through which SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) have a tangible therapeutic effect. There have been significant advances in management of PE with the use of psychosexual therapy and pharmacotherapy, mainly local anesthetics and SSRIs.
This review contains 3 figures, 2 tables, and 36 references.
Key Words: classification, epidemiology, male sexual dysfunction, medical management, premature ejaculation
Did Asset Securitization Affect the Banking Financial Performance?
Authors: Ishak Gos , Leon Farah Margaretha , Usman Bahtiar 
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the impact of asset securitization on banking financial performance. The authors examined the effect between the independent variables (Asset-backed securities (ABS), Loan Loss Provisions (LLP), and Size), and the dependent variable (Return on Assets (ROA), Size has a moderating variable effect on Return on Assets.
The banks improved profitability (ROA) by selling their loans receivable portfolio to the capital market to get liquidity. Furthermore, the bank significantly changed the role of acting as intermediaries between borrowers and depositors for the last decade. The authors used a sample of 12 commercial banks from Southeast Asian Countries and the regression model used for panel data analysis from 1998 to 2018.
The results show that Asset-backed securities have found a significant positive Return on Assets. However, some empirical evidence found that asset securitization increases Profitability decreases Loan Loss Provisions and reduces bank securitization’s default risk.
For future research, it is recommended to explore several variables to get a better result bank’s financial performance, such as Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Net Interest Margin.
Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathophysiology and Management Focused
Authors: Febyan . , Weky Norman Delvano 
Published: January 2021

The continuing rise of obesity epidemic in the global population has been markedly associated with the escalating occurrence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition represents a complex metabolic imbalance, primarily characterized by excessive intrahepatic accumulation of triglycerides, known as hepatic steatosis. This pathophysiological process is initiated by the disproportionation between the uptake of dietary fatty acids in plasma, as well as the increase of de novo fatty acid synthesis, which is not equally accompanied by the exportation and oxidation of fatty acid in the form of triglycerides. As mentioned earlier, the underlying metabolic process becomes a significant risk factor for developing cardiometabolic complications, involving type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. This review presents a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of obesity and NAFLD to determine innovative management approaches for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS LIFE SKILL UNTUK SISWA SMK JURUSAN TEKNIK INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK
Authors: Perangin-angin Despaleri , Panjaitan Christin Erniati , Suryanto Eka Dodi 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak: Media pembelajaran menjadi pilihan untuk menunjang proses belajar yang menyenangkan dan menarik bagi siswa dan juga memperkuat motivasi, serta untuk menanamkan pemahaman pada siswa tentang materi yang diajarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Life Skill untuk siswa SMK Jurusan Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian dan pengembangan. Prosedur pengembangan media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadaptasi dari model ADDIE. Selanjutnya dilakukan validasi pada media yang telah dirancang. hasil penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan media pembelajaran berada dalam kategori Sangat Baik, berdasarkan penilaian dan validasi dari ahli media, ahli materi dan respon siswa. Hasil validasi dari ahli Media memperoleh rata-rata 93,33%, ahli materi 88,33% dan respon siswa sebagai pengguna adalah 90%. Dengan hasil ini, media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dapat diterapkan dalam proses belajar mengajar sesuai dengan materi dan kompetensi yang akan dicapai. Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Life Skill, SMK, Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik. Abstract: Learning media is an option to support a fun and interesting learning process for students and also strengthen motivation, and to instill understanding in students about the material being taught. The purpose of this study was to develop Life Skill-based interactive learning media for Vocational High School Electrical Power Installation Engineering students. This study uses a research and development model. The learning media development procedure used in this study adapted from the ADDIE model. Furthermore, validation is carried out on the media that has been designed. The results of this study are the development of learning media in the Very Good category, based on the assessment and validation of media experts, material experts and student responses. The results of the validation of the media expert obtained an average of 93.33%, the material expert was 88.33% and the student response as a user was 90%. With these results, the learning media developed can be applied in the teaching and learning process in accordance with the material and competencies to be achieved.. Keywords: Learning Media, Life Skills, Vocational High School, Electrical Power Installation Engineering.
PENERAPATAN MODEL-MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI KEGIATAN SUPERVISI KELAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DI SMA NEGERI 1 SIBOLGA, KOTA SIBOLGA
Authors: Lubis Ali Sutan 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak: Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran siswa dengan enerapan model-model pembelajaran melalui kegiatan supervisi akademik dengan pendekatan realistik; (2) mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam penerapan model-model pembelajaran melalui kegiatan supervisi akademik dengan pendekatan realistik; (3) meningkatkan kemampuan siswa terhadap penerapan model-model pembelajaran melalui kegiatan supervisi akademik dengan pendekatan realistik pada pembelajaran di kelas si SMA N 1 Sibolga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) bimbingan dan pengawasan yang berkesinambungan dapat meningkatkan motivasi guru dalam menyusun RPP dengan lengkap; (2) bimbingan berkesinambungan dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun RPP. Peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun RPP dari siklus ke siklus. Pada siklus pertama nilai rata-rata komponen RPP 60,5 % dan pada siklus kedua 87,9 %. Jadi, terjadi peningkatan 27,4 % dari siklus pertama; dan (3) supervisi akademik membuka cakrawala berpikir guru, untuk memandang dirinya, menemukan kesalahan dan solusi atas kompetensi diri guru itu sendiri. Kata Kunci: kemampuan guru, menerapkan model-model pembelajaran, supervisi Abstract: The aim of this research are: (1) improve the quality of learning of students with Application of models of learning through academic supervision by a realistic approach; (2) determine the constraints faced by teachers in the application of learning models through academic supervision by a realistic approach; (3) improve the ability of students to the application of learning models through academic supervision by a realistic approach to learning in class SMA N 1 Sibolga. The results showed that; (1) continuous guidance and supervision to increase the motivation of teachers in developing lesson plans to complete; (2) continuous guidance can improve the competence of teachers in preparing lesson plans. Increased competence of teachers in preparing lesson plans from cycle to cycle. In the first cycle of the average value of the RPP component of 60.5% and 87.9% in the second cycle. Thus, an increase of 27.4% from the first cycle; and (3) the academic supervision open up the minds of teachers, to look at him, finding errors and solutions to the competence of the teacher's own self. Keywords: the ability of teachers, applying learning models, supervision
SISTEM REWARD PRODUK PT. NATURAL NUSANTARA CABANG PALU TIMUR DITINJAU DALAM HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Nahwia Nahwia 
Published: January 2021

Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama Sistem Reward Produk PT. Natural Nusantara yang diberikan kepada Mitra- Nya menggunakan aturan dan penentuan poin dalam pemberian Reward untuk memberi motivasi dan semangat agar Mitra- Nya lebih semangat dalam penjualan dan mengembangkan perusahaan tersebut untuk menjaga kelangsungan perusahaan. Pulis menyarankan agar Para Mitra PT. Natural Nusantara Cab. Palu Timur Kebanyakan Upline memberikan Poin sesuai penjualan Downline. Setiap Upline memberikan semangat dan mengajarkan Downline- Nya agar lebih meninggkat penjualan nya selain itu seorang Upline memberikan saran agar Downline bisa menyetok produk sendiri dan diberikan dengan harga dibawah harga anggota sehinga Downline nya mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. kedua sistem Reward produk PT. Natural Nusantara Cab. Palu Timur adalah sistem Reward apa bila mengutungkan diatas dan perusahaan hanya menjanjikan maka tidak diboleh dalam hukum Islam namun sistem Reward produk PT. Natural Nusantara telah sesuai dengan hukum Islam karena disini Perusahaan telah menyediakan Reward sesuai penjualan Mitra- Nya dan kerja keras seorang Mitra.
Induksi Perkecambahan In Vitro Jeruk Hasil Fusi Protoplas Pada Medium Dengan Penambahan Asam Giberelat
Authors: Damarnegari A A Ayu Laksmi , Astarini Ida Ayu , Defiani Made Ria , Kosmiatin Mia 
Published: January 2021

Pemuliaan tanaman adalah upaya pengembangan tanaman dengan memanipulasi sistem genetik tanaman untuk mendapatkan kultivar baru yang lebih unggul. Upaya pemuliaan tanaman seringkali menghasilkan biji yang bersifat inkompatibel, sehingga perlu dilakukan proses penyelamatan untuk mengurangi risiko gugurnya embrio. Penambahan asam giberelat merupakan salah satu cara untuk mempercepat perkecambahan biji yang tidak kompatibel. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan pemberian konsentrasi asam giberelat yang tepat terhadap perkecambahan embrio globular jeruk hasil fusi protoplas. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur In Vitro Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel dan Jaringan, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian (BB BIOGEN), Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementrian Pertanian, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan konsentrasi asam giberelat yaitu 0, 1, 2, 3 ppm, masing-masing terdiri dari 7 ulangan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah embrio globular jeruk galur FS 29 dan FS 89 hasil fusi protoplas jeruk Siam Simadu dengan Mandarin Satsuma berukuran rata-rata 3 mm. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase embrio yang berkecambah, waktu berkecambah, jumlah dan persentase kecambah sempurna dan tidak sempurna (abnormal, hanya bagian akar atau bagian tunas yang berkembang). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Crosstab dengan software IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan asam giberelat pada media dapat mempercepat perkecambahan dan meningkatkan persentase kecambah yang dihasilkan. Media perkecambahan terbaik pada jeruk FS 29 adalah VMW + 2 ppm dan 3 ppm asam giberelat dengan persentase perkecambahan 85,7% dalam waktu 7 hari sedangkan media perkecambahan terbaik pada jeruk FS 89 adalah VMW + 1 ppm asam giberelat dengan persentase perkecambahan 100% dalam waktu 8,5 hari. Media VMW + 1, 2, 3 ppm asam giberelat pada jeruk FS29 dan VMW + 2 ppm dan 3 ppm asam giberelat pada jeruk FS89 baik digunakan untuk mendapatkan kecambah sempurna dengan tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 100%.

Kata kunci: Citrus sp., asam giberelat, inkompatibel, in vitro, perkecambahan embrio
Hepatoprotektor Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Jantan Yang Diinduksi Natrium Nitrit (Nano2)
Authors: Dewi Ida Ayu Ratih Purnama , Wiratmini Ngurah Intan , Setyawati Iriani 
Published: January 2021

Natrium nitrit (NaNO2) merupakan pengawet makanan yang sering ditambahkan pada produk daging olahan. Konsumsi NaNO2 secara berlebihan dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Salah satu upaya meminimalisir efek negatif yang ditimbulkan dari NaNO2 yaitu dengan mengkonsumsi antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan ekstrak rumput laut Eucheuma cotonii sebagai hepatoprotektor pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang diinduksi natrium nitrit (NaNO2). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas dua kontrol dan tiga perlakuan masing-masing dengan enam ulangan. Kontrol negatif (K-) diberikan aquades dan CMC NA 0,5%. Kontrol positif (K+) hanya diberikan NaNO2 dosis 22,5 mg/kgBB selama 35 hari. Kelompok perlakuan P1, P2, dan P3 masing-masing pada hari ke-1 sampai dengan hari ke-15 tikus diberikan NaNO2 dosis 22,5 mg/kgBB, kemudian hari ke-16 sampai dengan hari ke-35 diberikan NaNO2 dosis 22,5 mg/kgBB pada pagi hari dan ekstrak rumput laut dengan dosis berturut-turut 150 mg/kgBB (P1); 300 mg/kgBB (P2); dan 450 mg/kgBB (P3) pada sore hari. Hari ke-36 sampai hari ke-45 hanya diberikan ekstrak rumput masing-masing dosis saja. Pada hari ke-46, dilakukan pengambilan darah dan pembedahan untuk pengambilan organ hati. Analisis data kadar SGPT dan SGOT plasma darah dan parameter histologi dilakukan dengan uji statistik One Way Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak Eucheuma cottonii dosis 150 mg/kgBB paling efektif menurunkan tingkat kerusakan hati secara signifikan yang dilihat dari kadar SGPT dan SGOT serta histologi hati pada tikus putih yang diinduksi natrium nitrit (NaNO2).

Kata kunci :Eucheuma cottonii, profil darah, hati, ginjal, tikus
HISTORICAL SETTLEMENT AS A TERRITORIAL VALUE CONCEPT
Authors: Яковлева Светлана Ивановна 
Published: January 2021

Представлен хронологический анализ изменения содержания понятия «историческое поселение» в советских и российских законопроектах и рекомендациях. Названы параметры определения статуса исторического поселения. Для этого использован нормативный подход: выполнен анализ законодательно утверждённых понятий. Научная новизна: предложена территориально-функциональная оценка исторических поселений с позиций географического исследования.
A chronological analysis of changes in the content of the concept of «historical settlement» in Soviet and Russian bills and recommendations is presented. The parameters for determining the status of a historical settlement are named. For this, a normative approach was used: an analysis of the legally approved concepts was carried out. Scientific novelty: a territorial and functional assessment of historical settlements from the standpoint of geographical research is proposed.
CASE FOR GEOGRAPHERS-MASTERS: HISTORICAL SETTLEMENTS AS OBJECTS OF GEOGRAPHY AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING
Authors: Вострова Мария Владимировна , Яковлева Светлана Ивановна 
Published: January 2021

Предложена авторская разработка кейса для изучения исторических поселений в курсе «Пространственное планирование» - для магистров-географов. Исторические территории - это один из типов районов территориального планирования во всех странах мира, это объекты культурного наследия ЮНЕСКО (списки). В России исторические территории и поселения - новые объекты территориального планирования. В географии и истории - это популярная тема исследований. Опыт профессиональной оценки исторических поселений (их планировочных особенностей, типов застройки, функций) - важная компетенция географов-исследователей.
The author developed a case study for the study of urban agglomerations in the course «Spatial Planning» for master-geographers is proposed. Historical territories are one of the types of territorial planning areas in all countries of the world, they are UNESCO cultural heritage sites (lists). In Russia, historical territories and settlements are new objects of territorial planning. It is a popular research topic in geography and history. The experience of professional assessment of historical settlements (their planning features, types of buildings, functions) is an important competence of researchers in geography.
GEOINFORMATION CARTOGRAPHIC SUPPORT OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF A MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Лазарева Оксана Сергеевна , Лазарев Олег Евгеньевич 
Published: January 2021

В статье рассмотрена проблема применения цифровых технологий в визуализации и управлении информацией о муниципальном образовании. Приведены методы и технология создания геоинформационного картографического обеспечения инвестиционного потенциала муниципального образования. Обоснованы преимущества использования геоинформационного картографического материала в визуализации и управлении данными.
The article deals with the problem of using digital technologies in visualization and management of information about a municipality. Methods and technology for creating geoinformation cartographic support for the investment potential of a Municipality are presented. The advantages of using geoinformation cartographic material in data visualization and management are substantiated.