bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hardware Adaptive High‐Order Interpolation for Real‐Time Graphics
Authors: Lin D. , Seiler L. , Yuksel C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterpolation is a core operation that has widespread use in computer graphics. Though higher‐order interpolation provides better quality, linear interpolation is often preferred due to its simplicity, performance, and hardware support.We present a unified refactoring of quadratic and cubic interpolations as standard linear interpolation plus linear interpolations of higher‐order terms and show how they can be applied to regular grids and (triangular/tetrahedral) simplexes Our formulations can provide significant reduction in computation cost, as compared to typical higher‐order interpolations and prior approaches that utilize existing hardware linear interpolation support to achieve higher‐order interpolation. In addition, our formulation allows approximating the results by dynamically skipping some higher order terms with low weights for further savings in both computation and storage. Thus, higher‐order interpolation can be performed adaptively, as needed.We also describe how relatively minor modifications to existing GPU hardware could provide hardware support for quadratic and cubic interpolations using our approach for both texture filtering operations and barycentric interpolation.We present a variety of examples using triangular, rectangular, tetrahedral, and cuboidal interpolations, showing the effectiveness of our higher‐order interpolations in different applications.
A Halfedge Refinement Rule for Parallel Catmull‐Clark Subdivision
Authors: Dupuy J. , Vanhoey K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe show that Catmull‐Clark subdivision induces an invariant one‐to‐four refinement rule for halfedges that reduces to simple algebraic expressions. This has two important consequences. First, it allows to refine the halfedges of the input mesh, which completely describe its topology, concurrently in breadth‐first order. Second, it makes the computation of the vertex points straightforward as the halfedges provide all the information that is needed. We leverage these results to derive a novel parallel implementation of Catmull‐Clark subdivision suitable for the GPU. Our implementation supports non‐quad faces, extraordinary vertices, boundaries and semi‐sharp creases seamlessly. Moreover, we show that its speed scales linearly with the number of processors, and yields state‐of‐the‐art performances on modern GPUs.
Evaluation of the implementation of the sigmoid take‐off landmark in the Netherlands
Authors: Hazen Sanne‐Marije J. A. , Sluckin Tania C. , Horsthuis Karin , Lambregts Doenja M. J. , Beets‐Tan Regina G. H. , Tanis Pieter J. , Kusters Miranda ,   the Dutch Snapshot Research Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe sigmoid take‐off (STO), the point on imaging where the sigmoid sweeps ventral from the sacrum, was chosen as the definition of the rectum during an international Delphi consensus meeting and has been incorporated into the Dutch guidelines since October 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of this landmark 1 year after the guideline implementation and to perform a quality assessment of the STO training.MethodDutch radiologists, surgeons, surgical residents, interns, PhD students and physician assistants were asked to complete a survey and classify 20 tumours on MRI as ‘below’, ‘on’ or ‘above’ the STO. Outcomes were agreement with the expert reference, inter‐rater variability and accuracy before and after the training.ResultsEighty‐six collaborators participated. Six radiologists (32%) and 11 surgeons (73%) used the STO as the standard landmark to distinguish between rectal and sigmoidal tumours during multidisciplinary meetings. Overall agreement with the expert reference improved from 53% to 70% (p < 0.001) after the training. The positive predictive value for diagnosing rectal tumours was high before and after the training (92% vs. 90%); the negative predictive value for diagnosing sigmoidal tumours improved from 39% to 63%.ConclusionApproximately half of the represented hospitals have implemented the new definition of rectal cancer 1 year after the implementation of the Dutch national guidelines. Overall baseline agreement with the expert reference and accuracy for the tumours around the STO was low, but improved significantly after training. These results highlight the added value of training in implementation of radiological landmarks to ensure unambiguous assessment.
A novel magnetic resonance imaging‐based scoring system to predict outcome in neonates born preterm with intraventricular haemorrhage
Authors: Goeral Katharina , Kasprian Gregor , Hüning Britta M , Waldhoer Thomas , Fuiko Renate , Schmidbauer Victor , Prayer Daniela , Felderhoff‐Müser Ursula , Berger Angelika , Olischar Monika , Klebermass‐Schrehof Katrin 
Published: November 2021

AimTo create a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based scoring system specific to neonates born preterm with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), which could serve as a reliable prognostic indicator for later development and might allow for improved outcome prediction, individually‐tailored parental counselling, and clinical decision‐making.MethodThis retrospective, two‐center observational cohort study included 103 infants born preterm with IVH (61 males, 42 females; median gestational age 26wks 6d), born between 2000 and 2016. Term‐equivalent MRI was evaluated using a novel scoring system consisting of 11 items. A total MRI score was calculated and correlated with neurodevelopment between 2 years and 3 years of age. Prediction models for outcome were defined.ResultsThe proposed MRI scoring system showed high correlation and strong predictive ability with regard to later cognitive and motor outcome. The prediction models were translated into easy‐to‐use tables, allowing developmental risk assessment.InterpretationThe proposed MRI‐based scoring system was created especially for infants born preterm with IVH and enables a comprehensive assessment of important brain areas as well as potential additional abnormalities commonly associated with IVH. Thus, it better represents the severity of brain damage when compared with the conventional IVH classification. Our scoring system should provide clinicians with valuable information, to optimize parental counselling and clinical decision‐making.
On understanding and manipulating the hatching patterns of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera eggs to improve the design of experiments
Authors: Toth Szabolcs , Szalai Mark , Toepfer Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a well‐studied pest of maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae) in North America and Europe. Many studies on its biology, behaviour, or management rely on individuals reared from either field‐collected insects or laboratory colonies. Naturally, D. v. virgifera eggs require an obligate 8–10‐month diapause, which can cause technical challenges such as a deceleration of research activities. To allow better planning of experimentation, we have investigated the survival and temporal hatching patterns of the pest’s eggs depending on diapause length as well as post‐diapause incubation temperature. Laboratory assays revealed that the highest hatching rates and most synchronized hatching times in a wild diapausing population occurred when eggs were overwintered at the natural diapause length (8–10 months) or shorter (5–7 months) and then incubated at 20–24 °C. Eggs diapaused for only 2 months showed comparably good hatching rates, but hatching patterns appeared more variable. Diapause of <2 or >10 months reduced hatching success, as did low (16 °C) incubation temperatures. For comparison, a well‐studied non‐diapausing laboratory colony was assessed as well. Data matrices on egg overwintering survival, the start, peak, duration, and end of egg hatching, as well as hatching rates are provided for various diapause lengths and three incubation temperatures for both populations. This information will support scientists in choosing a D. v. virgifera colony that fits best their experimental set‐up and study conditions, as well as in optimally planning such studies.
Distinct binding kinetics of E‐, P‐ and L‐selectins to CD44
Authors: Li Linda , Ding Qihan , Zhou Jin , Wu Yi , Zhang Mingkun , Guo Xingming , Long Mian , Lü Shouqin 
Published: November 2021

Molecular‐level selectin‐cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) interactions are far from clear because of the complexity and diversity of CD44 glycosylation and isoforms expressed on various types of cells. By combining experimental measurements and simulation predictions, the binding kinetics of three selectin members to the recombinant CD44 were quantified and the corresponding microstructural mechanisms were explored, respectively. Experimental results showed that the E‐selectin–CD44 interactions mainly mediated the firm adhesion of microbeads under shear flow with the strongest rupture force. P‐ and L‐selectins had similar interaction strength but different association and dissociation rates by mediating stable rolling and transient adhesions of microbeads, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations predicted that the binding epitopes of CD44 to selectins are all located at the side face of each selectin, although the interfaces denoted as the hinge region are between lectin and epidermal growth factor domains of E‐selectin, Lectin domain side of P‐selectin and epidermal growth factor domain side of L‐selectin, respectively. The lowest binding free energy, the largest rupture force and the longest lifetime for E‐selectin, as well as the comparable values for P‐ and L‐selectins, demonstrated in both equilibration and steered MD simulations, supported the above experimental results. These results offer basic data for understanding the functional differences of selectin–CD44 interactions.
Non‐native freshwater snails: a global synthesis of invasion status, mechanisms of introduction, and interactions with natural enemies
Authors: Preston Daniel L. , Crone Erin R. , Miller‐ter Kuile Ana , Lewis Catherine D. , Sauer Erin L. , Trovillion Daniel C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Non‐native freshwater snails can play important roles as consumers, hosts, and prey. Despite their potential ecological importance, global patterns in non‐native snail taxonomy, geography, and ecology have not been documented. Our objectives were to use a semi‐quantitative systematic review to describe non‐native freshwater snail global diversity, distribution, mechanisms of introduction, and interactions with natural enemies, including parasites and predators.

Based on 506 relevant publications, we recorded 95 non‐native freshwater snail species from 16 families. Six taxonomic families, and pulmonate snails as a group, were over‐represented relative to the number of species expected by chance. Eight snail species represented 63% of the research records. A few snail taxa (15%) were widespread global invaders, reported from four or more continents, while most invasions were limited to a single continent. Australia and the Pacific Islands were the largest ‘sink’ for non‐native snails, with the greatest difference in the number of non‐native taxa relative to native taxa that had spread to other continents.

Aquarium hobby sales were implicated as the most common mechanism of introduction (41% of species), followed by “hitchhiking” on aquatic vegetation, human consumption, use for biocontrol, transportation in canals, commercial shipping, and outdoor recreation. A search of internet sales posts indicated that four of the six over‐represented snail families were readily available for purchase online.

Non‐native snails hosted parasites of wildlife, livestock, and human health importance, yet on average had 80% lower parasite richness in their non‐native compared to native range. At least 65 taxa were documented as consumers of non‐native snails, including native predators of conservation concern. These findings suggest that non‐native snails often are released from parasitism, but may commonly experience biotic resistance from predators.

Our synthesis emphasizes the relatively high diversity of non‐native snails, but the disproportionate role of a few taxonomic groups in driving ecological, economic, and public health challenges. Moving forward, it will be important to limit new snail introductions through policy, education, and monitoring, particularly as the effective control of established snail invasions remains challenging in most ecosystems.
A hierarchical approach to understanding physiological associations with climate
Authors: Anderson Rodolfo O. , White Craig R. , Chapple David G. , Kearney Michael R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimOur understanding of species’ responses to climate depends on choosing the scale for the analysis. Processes driving physiological adaptation that occur at the small spatial scales most relevant to animals may be masked in correlations between organismal traits and broad‐scale climatologies, but the extent to which this undermines our understanding of the macroevolution of physiological traits is unknown.LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedLizards.MethodsWe investigated relationships between physiological traits (water loss rate, standard and field metabolic rates, thermal preferences and critical thermal limits) and environmental conditions in 369 lizard species across sets of environmental predictors representing different processes across hierarchically nested spatial scales: macroclimate, microclimate and biophysical.ResultsWe found that microclimatic and biophysical predictors had greater explanatory power than macroclimatic predictors for all traits except standard and field metabolic rates. Across spatial scales, standard metabolic rate was negatively related to maximum temperatures whereas field metabolic rate was positively related to minimum temperatures. Thermal preference and critical limits showed expected relationships with environmental temperature, but preferred temperature and critical thermal maxima were most strongly associated with soil water potential, as was evaporative water loss.Main conclusionsThe use of proximal environmental predictors, via the principles of microclimatic and biophysical modelling, can be more informative in comparative physiological analyses than the more traditional application of macroclimatic data. In our study it led us to new, testable hypotheses about the role of habitat structure mediated by soil moisture. New datasets and computational methods mean that proximal environmental predictors can be readily computed for any kind of organism and their application to comparative studies should improve our understanding of physiological evolution.
A technical strategy to prolong anthocyanins thermal stability in formulated purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Bora valley) processed by hot‐melt extrusion
Authors: Azad Md Obyedul Kalam , Adnan Md. , Kang Wie Soo , Lim Jung Dae , Lim Young Seok 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe thermal instability of anthocyanins is a crucial challenge in processed food industries. To overcome this fact, biopolymer‐mediated purple potato (PP) formulations (BEFP) were developed by hot‐melt extrusion (HME). The BEFP were composed of PP+ whey protein concentrate (WPC) (F2), PP+ WPC+ ascorbic acid (AA) (F3), PP+ soy lecithin (LCT) (F4), and PP+ LCT+ AA (F5). The freeze‐dried and extrudate PP was treated as standard (F0) and control (F1), respectively. The physical and chemical properties of the extrudate BEFP was evaluated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that anthocyanins remained higher in aqueous media in F5 formulation. Chromatographic analysis showed many folds higher total anthocyanins (23 folds), cyanidin (7 folds) and malvidin (2 folds) in F5 compared to F1. Moreover, peonidin and delphinidin were found absent in all formulations except F4 and F5. Likewise, total phenolic (TP) content, total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant capacity were significantly remained higher at 2, 4 and 2 times in F5 compared to F1, respectively. It is suggested that the F5 was found to be the compatible formulation to prolong the thermal stability of anthocyanins in extrudate PP.
Effets du COVID‐19 sur les travailleurs des chaînes de valeur mondiales: une analyse de genre
Authors: TEJANI Sheba , FUKUDA‐PARR Sakiko 
Published: November 2021

RésuméLes autrices proposent un cadre d'analyse des effets genrés du COVID‐19 sur les travailleurs de trois chaînes de valeur mondiales (CVM): les services externalisés, l'habillement et l'électronique. Elles distinguent ces effets selon qu'ils sont induits par la maladie ou par les mesures de confinement, et selon qu'ils découlent de l'offre ou de la demande. Elles tiennent compte du caractère multidimensionnel du bien‐être, de l'imbrication des sphères de la production et de la reproduction sociale et du fait que les normes sociales et les structures de pouvoir produisent des inégalités entre les sexes. Elles concluent que la pandémie révèle et renforce les vulnérabilités des travailleuses des CVM.
A new AHP‐prioritization method based on linear programming for crisp and interval preference relations
Authors: Foroughi Ali Asghar , Azad Hooshyar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObtaining a priority (weight) vector is a crucial topic in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This paper proposes a novel prioritization approach based on linear programming (LP) for obtaining priorities in the AHP. We apply this approach to group decision making and modify it to include uncertainty in the decision maker's subjective judgments when the pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) elements are intervals. The proposed LP approach has a high potential in ranking the elements (decision criteria or alternatives). It is always feasible and produces interval priority vectors with positive lower and upper bounds for interval PCMs. These are important advantages of the proposed model in comparison to some existing models. To illustrate the potential applications and advantages of this approach, some numerical examples, including a multiple criteria decision making problem with a hierarchical structure, are examined.
Application of pulsed light technology for fruits and vegetables disinfection: A review
Authors: Salehi Fakhreddin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Non-thermal technologies can maintain fruit and vegetable products quality better than traditional thermal processing. Pulsed light (PL) is a non-thermal method for microbial inactivation (vegetative cells and spores) in fruits and vegetables. The PL treatment involves the application of intense and short-duration pulses of broad spectrum wavelengths ranging from UV to near-infrared (100–1100 nm). This review summarized application of PL technology to control microbial contamination and increasing shelf-life of some fruits and vegetables including apple, blueberries, grape, orange, strawberries, carrot, lettuce, spinach, and tomato. The microbial inactivation in very short treatment times, low energy used by this system, flexibility for solid or liquid samples, few residual compounds and no synthetic chemicals that cause environmental pollution or harm humans, is benefits of PL technique. The efficiency of PL disinfection is closely associated with the input voltage, fluence (energy dose), composition of the emitted light spectrum, number of lamps, the distance between samples and light source, and frequency and number of applied pulses. The PL treatments control pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, so it facilitates the growth and development of the starter microorganisms affecting product quality.
Falls in older ambulatory care patients with cancer in Iran: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Saberi Najmeh , Darvishpoor Kakhki Ali , Ilkhani Mahnaz , Khan Hafiz T. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRationale/AimFalls can have severe consequences particularly for older patients with cancer undergoing ambulatory care. The aim of the study is to identify the predictors of falls in older patients receiving cancer ambulatory care and evaluate the accuracy of the final multivariable model in detecting older patients with falls.MethodA retrospective study was conducted on 300 older patients aged 60 years and above that were referred for ambulatory care in three oncology clinics based at hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Participants completed a questionnaire comprising demographic, history of falls, and cancer‐related factors. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with falls.ResultsA total of 35.3% of the older patients with cancer had experienced a fall in the 6 months following the start of their ambulatory care. The most important predictors of falls include the fourth stage of cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 6.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.20–13.08, p < 0.001), fear of falling (OR: 5.64, 95% CI: 2.58–12.33, p < 0.001), use of hearing (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.07–5.29, p = 0.033) and visual aids (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.12–5.01, p = 0.025), and the number of visits to the doctor (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.21, p = 0.035).ConclusionsThe results indicate that a reduction in falls is possible by introducing strategies to improve care for older patients in the advanced stage of cancer, eliminating the causes of fear of falling, examining and improving vision and hearing, and identifying and addressing the underlying causes of visits to the doctor.
Serum neurofilament light chain in adult and pediatric patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease: Correlation with relapses and seizures
Authors: Luo Wenjing , Chen Yashuang , Mao Shanshan , Jin Jianing , Liu Chunxin , Zhong Xiaonan , Sun Xiaobo , Kermode Allan G. , Qiu Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) causes major disability as a consequence of recurrent demyelinating events and neuronal loss. Biomarkers identifying different phenotypes of recurrence or tissue damage might be useful to guide individualized therapy. Herein, we evaluated serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as a potential biomarker in both adult and pediatric MOGAD patients. Forty‐nine patients with MOGAD (37 adults, 12 children) and 71 healthy controls (HCs) (56 adults, 15 children) were enrolled prospectively from September 2019 to April 2021 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University and the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. sNfL levels were determined using ultrasensitive single‐molecule array assay and correlated with clinical parameters. The sNfL levels in MOGAD adults in a relapsed state (median: 31.0 pg/ml) were higher than those in a remission state (8.1 pg/ml, p = 0.001) and in HC adults (10.3 pg/ml, p = 0.004). Similar results were observed in children (relapse: 46.8 pg/ml vs. remission: 13.1 pg/ml, p = 0.001; and vs. HCs: 8.2 pg/ml, p = 0.007) sNfL levels were correlated with recent relapses within 60 days (multivariate: β = 2.02, p = 0.003), seizures (multivariate: β = 2.50, p = 0.021) and brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a recent relapse (multivariate: β = 1.72, p = 0.012). Our study showed that sNfL levels are beneficial for identifying recent relapses and seizures and suggest that adult and pediatric MOGAD patients had similar sNfL levels.
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