bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perineural Invasion of the Intratemporal Facial Nerve: How Far Proximally Do We Chase the Positive Margin?
Authors: Page Joshua Cody , Nader Marc-Elie , Knackstedt Mark , Roberts Dianna , Gidley Paul W. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To determine recurrence patterns in patients with head and neck cancers requiring facial nerve sacrifice and to determine the optimal management of the positive proximal facial nerve margin.

Study design:
Case series with chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary care center.

Patients:
One hundred fifty-five patients with head and neck malignancies who underwent sacrifice of the facial nerve between March 1, 1999 and October 31, 2020. Demographics, preoperative facial nerve function, prior oncologic treatment, histologic type, operative details, adjuvant treatment, recurrence patterns, and overall survival were reviewed.

Main outcome measures:
Recurrence rates and recurrence location.

Results:
Thirteen patients (8%) had positive proximal margins on final pathologic evaluation. Six of 13 (46%) experienced disease recurrence. No disease recurred proximally along the facial nerve. The recurrence rate was 26% for negative proximal facial nerve margins. Segments of the facial nerve biopsied included: extratemporally (n = 78), at the stylomastoid foramen (36), mastoid segment (22), second genu (7), tympanic (6), geniculate (3), labyrinthine (1), and IAC (2). Median patient follow-up was 30.3 months.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that a conservative approach to a positive proximal facial nerve margin is optimal with respect to operative planning, patient morbidity, and disease recurrence patterns. Recurrence proximally along the facial nerve is an exceedingly rare event and the necessity of biopsy proximal to the geniculate ganglion, and in some cases even to the second genu, is called into question.
Comparison of Cranioplasty Techniques Following Translabyrinthine Surgery: Implications for Postoperative Pain and Opioid Usage
Authors: Sioshansi Pedrom C. , Xiong Mulin , Tu Nathan C. , Bojrab Dennis I. , Schutt Christopher A. , Babu Seilesh C. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To assess differences in postoperative pain, opioid usage, and surgical outcomes between cranioplasty using abdominal fat graft (AFG) versus hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) following translabyrinthine surgery.

Study Design:
Retrospective case control.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Sixty translabyrinthine procedures were evaluated, including 30 consecutive HAC patients and 30 matched AFG patients. Patients were matched by age, gender, body mass index, and tumor size.

Intervention:
Cranioplasty using HAC or AFG following translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannoma.

Main Outcome Measures:
Postoperative patient pain ratings, narcotic usage, inpatient length of stay, and complication rates.

Results:
Patients who underwent HAC cranioplasty had lower postoperative pain scores on several measures (p < 0.05) and less postoperative narcotic usage (mean difference of 36.7 morphine equivalents, p = 0.0025) when compared to those that underwent AFG closure. HAC cranioplasty patients had shorter average length of hospital stay (2.2 vs 3.4 days, p = 0.0441). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks (one in HAC group, two in AFG group) and skin reactions in AFG closure patients (n = 1) were infrequent.

Conclusion:
HAC cranioplasty is a safe technique comparable to AFG closure following translabyrinthine surgery which can decrease postoperative pain, narcotic usage, and hospital length of stay.
Arousal-based scoring of obstructive hypopneas
Authors: Malhotra Raman K. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Obstructive sleep apnea in adults is diagnosed by an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) above five (at least five apneas and/or hypopneas per hour of sleep). Though the definition of apneas has remained stable, the scoring criteria for hypopneas has varied throughout the years. There is even more evidence now that scoring respiratory events associated with arousals should be included in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea, as these patients may benefit from treatment.

Recent findings
Recent studies, trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that respiratory events associated with arousal are associated with symptoms, such as poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness. These arousal-based hypopneas have also been noted to carry a risk of hypertension and other adverse health consequences.

Summary
Requiring a 4% oxygen desaturation for hypopneas may miss patients that may benefit from treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. These patients are typically younger, nonobese, and women as they have been found to have respiratory events causing sleep fragmentation versus significant oxygen desaturation as compared with other populations.
Role of the gut–skin axis in IgE-mediated food allergy and atopic diseases
Authors: Suaini Noor Hidayatul Aini , Siah Kewin Tien Ho , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
In recent years, landmark clinical trials investigating the role of early oral exposure to food antigens for food allergy (FA) prevention have highlighted the importance of immunoregulatory pathways in the ‘gut–skin axis’. This review highlights recent literature on the mechanisms of the immune system and microbiome involved in the gut–skin axis, contributing to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), FA, allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Therapeutic interventions harnessing the gut–skin axis are also discussed.

Recent findings
Epicutaneous sensitization in the presence of AD is capable of inducing Th2 allergic inflammation in the intestinal tract and lower respiratory airways, predisposing one to the development of AR and asthma. Probiotics have demonstrated positive effects in preventing and treating AD, though there is no evident relationship of its beneficial effects on other allergic diseases. Prophylactic skin emollients use has not shown consistent protection against AD, whereas there is some evidence for the role of dietary changes in alleviating AD and airway inflammation. More randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the potential of epicutaneous immunotherapy as a therapeutic strategy for patients with FA.

Summary
The growing understanding of the gut–skin interactions on allergic disease pathogenesis presents novel avenues for therapeutic interventions which target modulation of the gut and/or skin.
Setting the Research Agenda for Nursing Administration and Leadership Science: A Delphi Study
Authors: Chipps Esther Maria , Joseph M. Lindell , Alexander Catherine , Lyman Bret , McGinty Logan , Nelson-Brantley Heather , Parchment Joy , Rivera Reynaldo R. , Schultz Mary Anne , Ward Danielle M. , Weaver Susan 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize research topics for nursing administration and leadership science.

BACKGROUND
Nursing administration and leadership research priorities should provide a framework for building the science needed to inform practice.

METHODS
The Association for Leadership Science in Nursing (ALSN) and American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL) Foundation (AONL-F) for Nursing Leadership and Education collaborated on a Delphi study. Initial input on research priority items were received from ALSN and AONL members. National experts participated in a 3-round Delphi study.

RESULTS
Top-ranked priorities included: 1) nurses' health, well-being, resiliency, and safety in the workplace; 2) developing and managing a nursing workforce to meet current and future healthcare needs; 3) healthy work/practice environments for direct care nurses; 4) healthy work/ practice environments for nurse leaders; 5) quantification of nursing's value across the healthcare delivery system; and 6) nurse leader development and essential competencies.

CONCLUSIONS
Researchers and funders should use these priorities to guide future studies.
Recombinant Activated Protein C (rhAPC) Affects Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mechanical Compliance Changes and Beat Frequency of mESC-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers
Authors: Temiz Artmann Aysegül , Kurulgan Demirci Eylem , Fırat Ipek Seda , Oflaz Hakan , Artmann Gerhard M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Septic cardiomyopathy increases mortality by 70% to 90% and results in mechanical dysfunction of cells.

Methods:
Here, we created a LPS-induced in-vitro sepsis model with mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CM) using the CellDrum technology which simultaneously measures mechanical compliance and beat frequency of mESCs. Visualization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), actin stress fibers, and mRNA quantification of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) before/after LPS incubation were used for method validation. Since activated protein C (APC) has cardioprotective effects, samples were treated with human recombinant APC (rhAPC) with/-out LPS predamage to demonstrate the application in therapeutic studies.

Results:
Twelve hours LPS treatment (5 μg/mL) increased ROS and decreased actin stress fiber density and significantly downregulated EPCR and PAR1 compared to control samples (0.26, 0.39-fold respectively). rhAPC application (5 μg/mL, 12 h) decreased ROS and recovered actin density, EPCR, and PAR1 levels were significantly upregulated compared to LPS predamaged samples (4.79, 3.49-fold respectively). The beat frequencies were significantly decreased after 6- (86%) and 12 h (73%) of LPS application. Mechanical compliance of monolayers significantly increased in a time-dependent manner, up to eight times upon 12-h LPS incubation compared to controls. rhAPC incubation increased the beat frequency by 127% (6h-LPS) and 123% (12h-LPS) and decreased mechanical compliance by 68% (12h-LPS) compared to LPS predamaged samples.

Conclusion:
LPS-induced contraction dysfunction and the reversal effects of rhAPC were successfully assessed by the mechanical properties of mESC-CMs. The CellDrum technology proved a decent tool to simulate sepsis in-vitro.
KoT: an automatic implementation of theK/θmethod for species delimitation
Authors: Spöri Yann , Stoch Fabio , Dellicour Simon , Birky C. William , Flot Jean-François 
Published: August 2021

AbstractK/θis a method to delineate species that rests on the calculation of the ratio between the average distanceKseparating two putative species-level clades and the genetic diversityθof these clades. Although this method is explicitly rooted in population genetic theory, it was never benchmarked due to the absence of a program allowing automated analyses. For the same reason, its application by hand was limited to small datasets of a few tens of sequences.We present an automatic implementation of theK/θmethod, dubbed KoT (short for “K over Theta”), that takes as input a FASTA file, builds a neighbour-joining tree, and returns putative species boundaries based on a user-specifiedK/θthreshold. This automatic implementation avoids errors and makes it possible to apply the method to datasets comprising many sequences, as well as to test easily the impact of choosing differentK/θthreshold ratios. KoT is implemented in Haxe, with a javascript webserver interface freely available athttps://eeg-ebe.github.io/KoT/
Safety and efficacy of a new vaginal gel, Feminilove, for the treatment of symptoms associated with vaginal dryness and vulvovaginal atrophy in women: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Gonzalez A , Lee MR , Johnson BA , Booshehri L , Grady D , Vaddi V , Ip C , Mitchell C , Krychman M , Dardik R 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTVaginal dryness is a common symptom associated with vulvovaginal atrophy of menopause. The impact of vaginal dryness is very significant as it negatively affects quality of life, daily activities, sexual satisfaction as well as on interpersonal relationships. Symptoms of vaginal dryness is often underreported and undertreated. Recently, vaginal lubricants and moisturizers have been applied as one of the alternative and safe approaches to relieve vaginal dryness for women with mild to moderate vaginal dryness. We evaluated the safety and beneficial effects of a new type of estrogen-free vaginal gel, Feminilove BIO-FRESH moisturizing vaginal gel, using in vitro and in vivo experimental tools. Our results suggest that; 1) Feminilove vaginal gel exhibits minimal cell cytotoxicity on various human vaginal cells; 2) Feminilove vaginal gel exhibits minimal side-effects on the structure of vaginal mucosa stratum of experimental animals; 3) Feminiove vaginal gel inhibits the growth of pathogenic vaginal bacteria (E. coli) while promotes the growth of beneficial vaginal bacteria (Lactobacillus spp); 4) Feminilove vaginal gel elicits an anti-inflammatory response on vaginal epithelial cells; and 5) Feminilove vaginal gel promotes the production of tropoelastin and collagen on cultural vaginal smooth muscle and may restore loose vaginal wall (i.e., tightening effects). In summary, our results indicate that Feminilove BIO-FRESH moisturizing vaginal gel is a safe and effective remedy for vaginal dryness and vulvovaginal atrophy in women.
Systemic IgG repertoire as a biomarker for translocating gut microbiota members
Authors: Vujkovic-Cvijin Ivan , Welles Hugh , Ha Connie W.Y. , Huq Lutfi , Mistry Shreni , Brenchley Jason M. , Trinchieri Giorgio , Devkota Suzanne , Belkaid Yasmine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile the microbiota has been associated with diseases states, how specific alterations in composition, function, or localization contribute to pathologies remains unclear. The ability of defined microbes to translocate has been linked to diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and was shown to promote responses to immune checkpoint therapy. However, scalable and unbiased tools to uncover microbes with enhanced ability to translocate are limited. Herein, we developed an approach to utilize systemic IgG in an unbiased, culture-independent, and high-throughput fashion as a biomarker to identify gut microbiota members that are capable of translocation across the gastrointestinal barrier. We validate these findings in a cohort of human subjects, and highlight a number of microbial taxa against which elevated IgG responses are unique to subjects with IBD includingCollinsella, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium,andBlautia spp.CollinsellaandBifidobacteriumtaxa identified as translocators and targets of immunity in IBD also exhibited heightened bacterial activity and growth rates in Crohn’s disease subjects. Our approach may represent a complementary tool to illuminate privileged interactions between host and its microbiota, and may provide an additional lens by which to uncover microbes linked to disease processes.One Sentence SummaryCirculating microbiota-specific IgG can identify gut microbiota constituents capable of crossing the gut barrier.
Systems-wide Analysis Revealed Shared and Unique Responses to Moderate and Acute High Temperatures in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Mattoon Erin M. , McHargue Will , Venn Benedikt , Zimmer David , Pecani Kresti , Jeong Jooyeon , Anderson Cheyenne M. , Chen Chen , Berry Jeffrey C. , Xia Ming , Tzeng Shin-Cheng , Becker Eric , Pazouki Leila , Evans Bradley , Cross Fred , Cheng Jianlin , Czymmek Kirk J. , Schroda Michael , Mühlhaus Timo , Zhang Ru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferent intensities of high temperatures affect the growth of photosynthetic cells in nature. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we cultivated the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under highly controlled photobioreactor conditions and revealed systems-wide shared and unique responses to 24-hour moderate (35°C) and acute (40°C) high temperatures and subsequent recovery at 25°C. We identified previously overlooked unique elements in response to moderate high temperature. Heat at 35°C transiently arrested the cell cycle followed by partial synchronization, up-regulated transcripts/proteins involved in gluconeogenesis/glyoxylate-cycle for carbon uptake, promoted growth, and increased starch accumulation. Heat at 40°C arrested the cell cycle, inhibited growth, resulting in carbon uptake over usage and increased starch accumulation. Both high temperatures induced photoprotection, while 40°C decreased photosynthetic efficiency, distorted thylakoid/pyrenoid ultrastructure, and affected the carbon concentrating mechanism. We demonstrated increased transcript/protein correlation during both heat treatments, suggesting reduced post-transcriptional regulation during heat may help coordinate heat tolerance activities efficiently. During recovery after both heat treatments, transcripts/proteins related to DNA synthesis increased while those involved in photosynthetic light reactions decreased. We propose down-regulating photosynthetic light reactions during DNA replication benefits cell cycle resumption by reducing ROS production. Our results provide potential targets to increase thermotolerance in algae and crops.
Benchmarking PSM identification tools for single cell proteomics
Authors: Van Der Watt Daisha , Boekweg Hannah , Truong Thy , Guise Amanda J , Plowey Edward D , Kelly Ryan T , Payne Samuel H 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSingle cell proteomics is an emerging sub-field within proteomics with the potential to revolutionize our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and interactions. Recent efforts have largely focused on technological advancements in sample preparation, chromatography and instrumentation to enable measuring proteins present in these ultra-limited samples. Although advancements in data acquisition have rapidly improved our ability to analyze single cells, the software pipelines used in data analysis were originally written for traditional bulk samples and their performance on single cell data has not been investigated. We benchmarked five popular peptide identification tools on single cell proteomics data. We found that MetaMorpheus achieved the greatest number of peptide spectrum matches at a 1% false discovery rate. Depending on the tool, we also find that post processing machine learning can improve spectrum identification results by up to ∼40%. Although rescoring leads to a greater number of peptide spectrum matches, these new results typically are generated by 3rd party tools and have no way of being utilized by the primary pipeline for quantification. Exploration of novel metrics for machine learning algorithms will continue to improve performance.
Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency impairs motor function and changes neuronal survival and choline metabolism after ischemic stroke in middle aged male and female mice
Authors: Yahn Gyllian B. , Wasek Brandi , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Malysheva Olga , Caudill Marie A. , Jadavji Nafisa M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNutrition is a modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke. As people age their ability to absorb some nutrients decreases, a primary example is vitamin B12. Older individuals with a vitamin B12 deficiency are at a higher risk for ischemic stroke and have worse stroke outcome. However, the mechanisms through which these occur remain unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in ischemic stroke outcome and mechanistic changes in a mouse model. Ten-month-old male and female mice were put on control or vitamin B12 deficient diets for 4-weeks prior to and after ischemic stroke to the sensorimotor cortex. Motor function was measured, and tissues were collected to assess potential mechanisms. All deficient mice had increased levels of total homocysteine in plasma and liver tissues. After ischemic stroke, deficient mice had impaired motor function compared to control mice. There was no difference between groups in lesion volume, however, there was an increase in total apoptosis within the ischemic region of brain tissue in male deficient mice. More neuronal survival was present in ischemic brain tissue of the deficient mice compared to controls. Additionally, there were changes in choline metabolites in ischemic brain tissue because of a vitamin B12 deficiency. The data presented in this study confirms that a vitamin B12 deficiency worsens stroke outcome in male and female mice. The mechanisms driving this change may be a result of neuronal survival and compensation in choline metabolism within the damaged brain tissue.
Monitoring fish communities through environmental DNA metabarcoding in the fish pass system of the second largest hydropower plant in the world
Authors: Pont Giorgi Dal , Ritter Camila Duarte , Agostinis Andre Olivotto , Stica Paula Valeska , Horodesky Aline , Cozer Nathieli , Balsanelli Eduardo , Mäder Netto Otto Samuel , Henn Caroline , Ostrensky Antonio , Pie Marcio Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant is the second largest in the world in power generation. The artificial barrier created by its dam imposes an obstacle for fish migration. Thus, in 2002, a fish pass system, named Piracema Channel, was built to allow fish to access areas upstream of the reservoir. We tested the potential of environmental DNA metabarcoding to monitor the impact of both the dam and associated fish pass system in the Paraná River fish communities and to compare it with traditional monitoring methods. Using a fragment of the 12S gene, we characterized richness and community composition based on amplicon sequence variants, operational taxonomic units, and zero-radius OTUs. We combined GenBank and in-house data for taxonomic assignment. We found that different bioinformatics approaches showed similar results. Also, we found a decrease in fish diversity from 2019 to 2020 probably due to the recent extreme drought experienced in southeastern Brazil. The highest alpha diversity was recorded in the mouth of the fish pass system, located in a protected valley with the highest environmental heterogeneity. Despite the clear indication that the reference databases need to be continuously improved, our results demonstrate the analytical efficiency of the metabarcoding to monitor fish species.