bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Texts, Texts, Texts: A Guide to Analyze Texts for Elementary Students
Authors: Reutzel D. Ray , Fawson Parker C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis manuscript describes the need elementary teachers have to analyze beginning and complex texts for teaching affordances and obstacles when teaching reading foundational skills and core ELA standards. A Guide to Analyze Texts for Elementary Students (GATES) is provided and described. Two teacher cases discuss how real teachers have used the GATES to analyze texts for instructional purposes.
Rethinking “Equity Sticks”: Engaging Emergent Bilinguals in Discussing Texts
Authors: Warren Amber N. , Ward Natalia A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractText‐related oral participation is ubiquitous in literacy and language instruction. As such, considering how invitations to these interactions are framed is critical, as this framing is directly implicated in the design of equitable classrooms. In this Teaching Tip, one common technique teachers have been encouraged to use—a class set of “equity sticks”—is reconsidered through the lens of asset‐based instruction for all learners including emergent bilinguals (EBs). Reframing how EBs are invited to respond to texts requires that teachers get to know their students, privilege multilingualism, provide scaffolding for oral discussion, and encourage responses that transcend linguistic modalities.
Microbial abundance and diversity investigations along rivers: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Li Kexin , Hu Jinming , Li Ting , Liu Feng , Tao Juan , Liu Jiang , Zhang Zejin , Luo Xia , Li Linfeng , Deng Yongcui , Che Rongxiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrobial abundance and diversity in river ecosystems are being increasingly investigated, yet a synthesized understanding is still lacking. Here, studies of microbial abundance and diversity along global rivers are systematically reviewed based on 814 investigations performed across 8376 sites. We found that riverine microbial investigations are extremely heterogeneous regarding the spatiotemporal distribution of the sampling sites, the environmental media concerned, the microbial groups and indices targeted, the methods used, and the physicochemical properties examined. More than 72.23% of the studies were performed in the last 8 years, with most studies conducted in Europe, China, and the United States, while other regions were poorly investigated. Most studies have examined microbes in water, but very few studies have systematically investigated microbes in water, sediments, and riparian soils. Bacteria are the most studied microbial taxonomic groups; microbes with resistance genes and nitrogen cycling genes are the most studied microbial functional groups. High‐throughput sequencing has greatly expanded our understanding of microbial diversity along rivers. Nevertheless, the ecological implications of microbial diversity are still poorly understood. Regarding physicochemical properties, researchers tend to examine environmental parameters that are critical for shaping microbial communities, such as pH, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Future research should pay more attention to rivers that have not been well studied, especially large rivers. Additionally, microbial studies along rivers should be conducted in a more systematic way, taking the underinvestigated environmental media, microbial groups, microbial indices, and physicochemical properties into consideration. Advanced microbiology techniques, such as multiple omics technologies, should be increasingly applied.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Leading-color two-loop QCD corrections for three-jet production at hadron colliders
Authors: Abreu S. , Cordero F. Febres , Ita H. , Page B. , Sotnikov V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present the complete set of leading-color two-loop contributions required to obtain next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections to three-jet production at hadron colliders. We obtain analytic expressions for a generating set of finite remainders, valid in the physical region for three-jet production. The analytic continuation of the known Euclidean-region results is determined from a small set of numerical evaluations of the amplitudes. We obtain analytic expressions that are suitable for phenomenological applications and we present a C++ library for their efficient and stable numerical evaluation.
Dissipative Solutions to the Stochastic Euler Equations
Authors: Breit D. , Moyo T. C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations subject to stochastic forcing. We develop a concept of dissipative martingale solutions, where the nonlinear terms are described by generalised Young measures. We construct these solutions as the vanishing viscosity limit of solutions to the corresponding stochastic Navier–Stokes equations. This requires a refined stochastic compactness method incorporating the generalised Young measures. As a main novelty, our solutions satisfy a form of the energy inequality which gives rise to a weak–strong uniqueness result (pathwise and in law). A dissipative martingale solution coincides (pathwise or in law) with the strong solution as soon as the latter exists.
C-ALB (Collaborative Assembly Line Balancing): a new approach in cobot solutions
Authors: Boschetti Giovanni , Faccio Maurizio , Milanese Mattia , Minto Riccardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCollaborative robots can be a proper solution to improve the throughput of manual systems without reducing their flexibility. To effectively use cobots in productive systems, it is fundamental to develop a suitable task allocation model that considers collaboration. Hence, we present a model for collaborative assembly line balancing (C-ALB) which considers paralleling tasks and collaboration in the balancing resolution. Indexes that take into account both the product and process characteristics are defined to evaluate the quality of the proposed task allocation model and comparing it to others. The results confirm the influence of the product characteristics on the system performance, leading to the definition of a new paradigm for product design.
AI MSK clinical applications: spine imaging
Authors: Huber Florian A. , Guggenberger Roman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent investigations have focused on the clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) for tasks specifically addressing the musculoskeletal imaging routine. Several AI applications have been dedicated to optimizing the radiology value chain in spine imaging, independent from modality or specific application. This review aims to summarize the status quo and future perspective regarding utilization of AI for spine imaging. First, the basics of AI concepts are clarified. Second, the different tasks and use cases for AI applications in spine imaging are discussed and illustrated by examples. Finally, the authors of this review present their personal perception of AI in daily imaging and discuss future chances and challenges that come along with AI-based solutions.
A secondary role for hypoxia and HIF1 in the regulation of (IFNγ-induced) PD-L1 expression in melanoma
Authors: van Duijn Anneloes , Willemsen Karin J. , van Uden Nathalie O. P. , Hoyng Lieke , Erades Sterre , Koster Jan , Luiten Rosalie M. , Bakker Walbert J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCancer cells are able to escape immune surveillance by upregulating programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). A key regulator of PD-L1 expression is transcriptional stimulation by the IFNγ/JAK/STAT pathway. Recent studies suggest that hypoxia can induce PD-L1 expression. As hypoxia presents a hallmark of solid tumor development, hypoxic control of PD-L1 expression may affect the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. This study aims to explore the hypoxic regulation of PD-L1 expression in human melanoma, and its interaction with IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression. Analysis of the cutaneous melanoma dataset from the cancer genome atlas revealed a significant correlation of the HIF1-signaling geneset signature with PD-L1 mRNA expression. However, this correlation is less pronounced than other key pathways known to control PD-L1 expression, including the IFNγ/JAK/STAT pathway. This secondary role of HIF1 in PD-L1 regulation was confirmed by analyzing single-cell RNA-sequencing data of 33 human melanoma tissues. Interestingly, PD-L1 expression in these melanoma tissues was primarily found in macrophages. However, also in these cells STAT1, and not HIF1, displayed the most pronounced correlation with PD-L1 expression. Moreover, we observed that hypoxia differentially affects PD-L1 expression in human melanoma cell lines. Knockdown of HIF1 expression indicated a minor role for HIF1 in regulating PD-L1 expression. A more pronounced influence of hypoxia was found on IFNγ-induced PD-L1 mRNA expression, which is controlled at a 952 bp PD-L1 promoter fragment. These findings, showing the influence of hypoxia on IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression, are relevant for immunotherapy, as both IFNγ and hypoxia are frequently present in the tumor microenvironment.
Technical Note: Left Subclavian Artery Scallop Endografts to Facilitate a Proximal Landing Zone and Upper Extremity Access for Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair of Type II Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Hanna Lydia , Abdullah Ammar , Gibbs Richard , Jenkins Michael , Hamady Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the dual purpose of left subclavian artery (LSA) scallop endografts to create the proximal landing zone (PLZ) and facilitate antegrade left-sided upper extremity access for branched endovascular aortic repair (BEVAR) of Type II thoracoabdominal aneurysms (TAAA) with a short PLZ.

Technique
Three patients with an inadequate (< 20 mm) PLZ underwent a 2-stage repair of Type II TAAA. Following femoral cut-down, a custom-made LSA scallop endograft was deployed into zone 2 to create the PLZ and maintain perfusion to the LSA. In a second procedure 36–96 days after insertion of the scalloped thoracic stent-graft, a branched abdominal stent-graft was subsequently deployed to dock into the proximal scallop endograft as the second stage. Via a left axillary conduit, a 12Fr sheath was used to cannulate the LSA scallop to facilitate selective catheterisation of antegrade branch cuffs and renovisceral target vessels, and insertion and deployment of bridging stents. The LSA scallop was also used to selectively catheterise and stent the perfusion branches via left-sided brachial puncture that were left open in each of the three cases 8–14 days after the second procedure to minimise the risk of spinal cord ischaemia. There were no neurological or endoleak complications.

Conclusion
LSA scallop endografts are a feasible and useful adjunct to create the PLZ and to provide antegrade access for visceral stenting of branches and target vessels through the LSA scallop in branched endovascular repair of Type II TAAA with short PLZ.
Foliar Spraying of 6-Benzylaminopurine Promotes Growth and Flavonoid Accumulation in Mulberry (Morus alba L.)
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yu , Zhang Shanying , Wang Lifeng , Liang Xiaoyu , Wang Xinquan , Wu Huiyi , Zou Haotian , Zhang Chenghui , Wang Meng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf, a “source of both medicine and food”, contains antioxidant ingredients such as flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenols. The effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) treatment on plant growth and flavonoid contents in mulberry leaves were investigated in this study. The expression of rutin (Rut), chlorogenic acid (ChA), isoquercitrin (IQ) and astragaloside IV (Ast) related genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathways was investigated in mulberry leaves. The results showed that 6-BA treatment significantly promoted mulberry differentiation and growth as well as, increased the numbers of new shoots and buds compared to the control. In addition, 30 mg/L 6-BA significantly increased the contents of Rut, IQ and Ast, and it strongly induced the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, including flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (F3GT), 4-xoumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), phenylalanine (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS). The dietary risk assessment of mulberry leaves was based on hormone residues 5 days after treatment with 30 mg /L 6-BA, and the results showed that the dietary exposure risk of 6-BA was extremely low without causing any health concern. Thus, treatment with 30 mg/L 6-BA is a new method to improve the medicinal quality and development of high-value mulberry leaf foods without any potential risk.
Global oscillatory modes in high-end climate modeling and reanalyses
Authors: Feliks Yizhak , Small Justin , Ghil Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterannual oscillatory modes, atmospheric and oceanic, are present in several large regions of the globe. We examine here low-frequency variability (LFV) over the entire globe in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and in the NCEP-NCAR and ECMWF ERA5 reanalyses. Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) is applied to these three datasets. In the fully coupled CESM1.1 model, with its resolution of $$0.1 \times 0.1$$

0.1
×
0.1

degrees in the ocean and $$0.25 \times 0.25$$

0.25
×
0.25

degrees in the atmosphere, the fields analyzed are surface temperatures, sea level pressures and the 200-hPa geopotential. The simulation is 100-year long and the last 66 yr are used in the analysis. The two statistically significant periodicities in this IPCC-class model are 11 and 3.4 year. In the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, the fields of sea level pressure and of 200-hPa geopotential are analyzed at the available resolution of $$2.5 \times 2.5$$

2.5
×
2.5

degrees over the 68-years interval 1949–2016. Oscillations with periods of 12 and 3.6 years are found to be statistically significant in this dataset. In the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, the 200-hPa geopotential field was analyzed at its resolution of $$0.25 \times 0.25$$

0.25
×
0.25

degrees over the 71-years interval 1950–2020. Oscillations with periods of 10 and 3.6 years are found to be statistically significant in this third dataset. The spatio-temporal patterns of the oscillations in the three datasets are quite similar. The spatial pattern of these global oscillations over the North Pacific and North Atlantic resemble the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the LFV found in the Gulf Stream region and Labrador Sea, respectively. We speculate that such regional oscillations are synchronized over the globe, thus yielding the global oscillatory modes found herein, and discuss the potential role of the 11-year solar-irradiance cycle in this synchronization. The robustness of the two global modes, with their 10–12 and 3.4–3.6 years periodicities, also suggests potential contributions to predictability at 1–3 years horizons.
An insert with less than spherical medial conformity causes a loss of passive internal rotation after calipered kinematically aligned TKA
Authors: Nedopil Alexander J. , Shekhar Adithya , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the level of conformity, a medial stabilized (MS) implant, needs to restore native (i.e., healthy) knee kinematics without over-tensioning the flexion space when the surgeon chooses to retain the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is unknown. Whether an insert with a medial ball-in-socket conformity and lateral flat surface like the native knee or a less than spherical medial conformity restores higher and closer to native internal tibial rotation without anterior lift-off, an over-tension indicator, when implanted with calipered kinematic alignment (KA), is unknown.

Methods and materials
Two surgeons treated 21 patients with calipered KA and a PCL retaining MS implant. Validated verification checks that restore native tibial compartment forces in passive flexion without release of healthy ligaments were used to select the optimal insert thickness. A goniometer etched onto trial inserts with the ball-in-socket and the less than spherical medial conformity measured the tibial rotation relative to the femoral component at extension and 90° and 120° flexion. The surgeon recorded the incidence of anterior lift-off of the insert.

Results
The insert with the medial ball-in-socket and lateral flat surface restored more internal tibial rotation than the one with less than spherical medial conformity, with mean values of 19° vs. 17° from extension to 90° flexion (p < 0.01), and 23° vs. 20°–120° flexion (p < 0.002), respectively. There was no anterior lift-off of the insert at 90° and 120° flexion.

Conclusion
An MS insert with a medial ball-in-socket and lateral flat surface that matches the native knee’s spherical conformity restores native tibial internal rotation when implanted with calipered KA and PCL retention without over-tensioning the flexion space.
Differential psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic in psychiatric inpatients compared to a non-clinical population from Germany
Authors: Rek Stephanie V. , Freeman Daniel , Reinhard Matthias A. , Bühner Markus , Grosen Sofie , Falkai Peter , Adorjan Kristina , Padberg Frank 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is an inherently stressful situation, which may lead to adverse psychosocial outcomes in various populations. Yet, individuals may not be affected equally by stressors posed by the pandemic and those with pre-existing mental disorders could be particularly vulnerable. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the psychological response to the pandemic in a case–control design. We used an age-, sex- and employment status-matched case–control sample (n = 216) of psychiatric inpatients, recruited from the LMU Psychiatry Biobank Munich study and non-clinical individuals from the general population. Participants completed validated self-report measures on stress, anxiety, depression, paranoia, rumination, loneliness, well-being, resilience, and a newly developed index of stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the effects of group, COVID-19-specific stressors, and their interaction on the different psychosocial outcomes. While psychiatric inpatients reported larger mental health difficulties overall, the impact of COVID-19-specific stressors was lower in patients and not associated with worse psychological functioning compared to non-clinical individuals. In contrast, depressive symptoms, rumination, loneliness, and well-being were more strongly associated with COVID-19-specific stressors in non-clinical individuals and similar to the severity of inpatients for those who experienced the greatest COVID-19-specific stressor impact Contrary to expectations, the psychological response to the pandemic may not be worse in psychiatric inpatients compared to non-clinical individuals. Yet, individuals from the general population, who were hit hardest by the pandemic, should be monitored and may be in need of mental health prevention and treatment efforts.
Structural and functional findings in patients with moderate diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Boned-Murillo A. , Diaz-Barreda M. D. , Ferreras A. , Bartolomé-Sesé I. , Orduna-Hospital E. , Montes-Rodríguez P. , Ascaso J. , Pinilla Isabel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate structural and functional ocular changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and moderate diabetic retinopathy (DR) without apparent diabetic macular edema (DME) assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microperimetry.

Methods
This was a single-center cross-sectional descriptive study for which 75 healthy controls and 48 DM2 patients with moderate DR were included after applying exclusion criteria (one eye per patient was included). All eyes underwent a complete ophthalmic examination (axial length, macular imaging with swept-source OCT, and MAIA microperimetry). Macular thicknesses, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses, and central retinal sensitivity were compared between groups, and the relationships between the OCT and microperimetry parameters were evaluated.

Results
Macular thickness was similar in both groups (242.17 ± 35.0 in the DM2 group vs 260.64 ± 73.9 in the control group). There was a diminution in the parafoveal area thickness in the DM2 group in the GCC complex. Retinal sensitivity was reduced in all sectors in the DM2 group. The central global value was 24.01 ± 5.7 in the DM2 group and 27.31 ± 2.7 in the control group (p < 0.001). Macular integrity was 80.89 ± 26.4 vs 64.70 ± 28.3 (p < 0.001) and total mean threshold was 23.90 ± 4.9 vs 26.48 ± 2.6 (p < 0.001) in the DM2 and control group, respectively. Moderate correlations were detected between the central sector of MAIA microperimetry and retina total central thickness (− 0.347; p = 0.0035). Age, visual acuity, and hemoglobin A1c levels also correlated with retinal sensitivity.

Conclusion
Macular GCC thickness and central retinal sensitivity were reduced in patients with moderate DR without DME, suggesting the presence of macular neurodegeneration.
From DYMUS to DYPARK: Validation of a Screening Questionnaire for Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Dagna Carlotta , Avenali Micol , De Icco Roberto , Gandolfi Marialuisa , Solaro Claudio , Restivo Domenico , Bartolo Michelangelo , Meneghello Francesca , Sandrini Giorgio , Tassorelli Cristina ,   DYPARK SIRN Group, Berlangieri M. , Cristina S. , Alfonsi E. , Monti E. ,   IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Bertino G. ,   IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Tinazzi M. , Busselli G. , De Paoli C. , Smania N. , Inglese K. , De Santi S. , Taiocchi N. , Zucchelli B. , Ronzoni G. , Nordio S. , Tonin P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDysphagia is a common debilitating symptom in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), adequate screening of swallowing disorders is fundamental. The DYMUS questionnaire has shown very good characteristics for the screening of dysphagia in Multiple Sclerosis, and it might also prove useful for screening dysphagia in PD. The primary aim was to test and validate the DYMUS questionnaire in PD patients. This is an observational multicentric study involving 103 patients affected by PD. All subjects filled in the DYMUS and the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaires. A subgroup of patients (n = 53) underwent a fiber-optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and their dysphagia was scored by means of the Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale (DOSS). DYMUS showed a relatively high level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.79). A significant positive correlation was found between the DYMUS and the EAT-10 scores (p < 0.001), while a negative correlation was found between the DYMUS and the DOSS scores (p < 0.001). DYMUS showed a good sensitivity and specificity compared to FEES for detecting dysphagia (area under the curve: 0.82, p < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that a DYMUS score ≥ 6 represents a reliable cut-off for the risk of dysphagia. The DYMUS questionnaire proved to be a reliable screening tool to detect dysphagia in patients suffering from PD. It is easy to understand, it can be self-administered and therefore adequate for adoption in the clinical practice with the more convenient name of DYPARK.