bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On quantum Hall effect, Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, Dirac magnetic monopole, and Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization
Authors: Buot Felix A , Elnar Allan Roy , Maglasang Gibson , Otadoy Roland E S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We addressed quantization phenomena in open systems and confined motion in low-dimensional systems, as well as quantized sources in 3-dimensions. The thesis of the paper is that if we simply cast the Bohr–Sommerfeld (B-S) quantization condition as a U(1) gauge theory, like the gauge field of Chern-Simons gauge theory or as in topological band theory (TBT) of condensed matter physics in terms of Berry connection and Berry curvature to make it self-consistent, then the quantization method in all the physical phenomena treated in this paper are unified in the sense of being traceable to the self-consistent B-S quantization. These are the stationary quantization of due to oscillatory dynamics in compactified space and time for steady-state systems (e.g., particle in a box or torus, Brillouin zone, and Matsubara time zone or Matsubara quantized frequencies), and the quantization of sources through the gauge field. Thus, the self-consistent B-S quantization condition permeates the quantization of integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE), fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE), the Berezenskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless vortex quantization, Aharonov–Bohm effect, the Dirac magnetic monopole, the Haldane phase, contact resistance in closed mesoscopic circuits of quantum physics, and in the monodromy (holonomy) of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems of quantum geometry. In transport of open systems, we introduced a novel phase-space derivation of the quantized conductance of the IQHE based on nonequilibrium quantum transport and lattice Weyl transform approach.
Deep dose plugin: towards real-time Monte Carlo dose calculation through a deep learning-based denoising algorithm
Authors: Bai Ti , Wang Biling , Nguyen Dan , Jiang Steve 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMonte Carlo (MC) simulation is considered the gold standard method for radiotherapy dose calculation. However, achieving high precision requires a large number of simulation histories, which is time-consuming. The use of computer graphics processing units (GPUs) has greatly accelerated MC simulation and allows dose calculation within a few minutes for a typical radiotherapy treatment plan. However, some clinical applications demand real-time efficiency for MC dose calculation. To tackle this problem, we have developed a real-time, deep learning (DL)-based dose denoiser that can be plugged into a current GPU-based MC dose engine to enable real-time MC dose calculation. We used two different acceleration strategies to achieve this goal: (1) we applied voxel unshuffle and voxel shuffle operators to decrease the input and output sizes without any information loss, and (2) we decoupled the 3D volumetric convolution into a 2D axial convolution and a 1D slice convolution. In addition, we used a weakly supervised learning framework to train the network, which greatly reduces the size of the required training dataset and thus enables fast fine-tuning-based adaptation of the trained model to different radiation beams. Experimental results show that the proposed denoiser can run in as little as 39 ms, which is 11.6 times faster than the baseline model. As a result, the whole MC dose calculation pipeline can be finished within ∼ 0.15 s, including both GPU MC dose calculation and DL-based denoising, achieving the real-time efficiency needed for some radiotherapy applications, such as online adaptive radiotherapy.
Computational approaches to amino acid side-chain conformation using combined NMR theoretical and experimental results: leucine-67 in Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin
Authors: San Fabián Jesús , Omar Salama , García de la Vega José Manuel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we show that the combination of NMR theoretical and experimental results can help to solve the molecular structure of peptides, here it is used as an example the residue Leucine-67 in Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin. We apply a computational protocol based on the leucine amino acid dipeptide, which, using calculated and experimental spin–spin coupling constants, allows us to obtain the conformation of the amino acid side chain. Calculated results show that the best agreement is obtained when three conformers around the lateral chain angle $\chi _1$ are considered or when the dynamic effect in the torsional angles is included. The population of each structure is estimated and analyzed according to the correlation between those two approaches. Independently of the approach, the estimated $\chi _1$ angle in solution is close to the staggered value of -60$^\circ $ and deviates significantly from the average x-ray angle of -90$^\circ $.
Intravascular ultrasound-guided shockwave lithotripsy of heavily calcified bilateral renal artery stenosis: a case report
Authors: Yousif Nooraldaem , Bardooli Fawaz , Shivappa Sadananda , Noor Husam A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Calcified lesions represent a hard obstacle to overcome in renal arteries, particularly when renal angioplasty represents the only feasible course of action in the setting of high-risk bilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS) with refractory systemic hypertension and recurrent flash pulmonary oedema.

Case summary
We herein report a case of symptomatic bilateral severely calcified RAS, treated successfully with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided coronary and peripheral intravascular shockwave lithotripsy systems and stenting.

Discussion
Intravascular shockwave lithotripsy is an attractive modality for the treatment of challenging, heavily calcified renal arteries that combines the calcium-disrupting capability of lithotripsy with the familiarity of balloon catheters to facilitate proper stent deployment.
Exploring G protein-coupled receptors and yeast surface display strategies for viral detection in baker's yeast: SARS-CoV-2 as a case study
Authors: Maneira Carla , Bermejo Pamela Magalí , Pereira Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães , de Mello Fellipe da Silveira Bezerra 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTViral infections pose intense burdens to healthcare systems and global economies. The correct diagnosis of viral diseases represents a crucial step towards effective treatments and control. Biosensors have been successfully implemented as accessible and accurate detection tests for some of the most important viruses. While most biosensors are based on physical or chemical interactions of cell-free components, the complexity of living microorganisms holds a poorly explored potential for viral detection in the face of the advances of synthetic biology. Indeed, cell-based biosensors have been praised for their versatility and economic attractiveness, however, yeast platforms for viral disease diagnostics are still limited to indirect antibody recognition. Here we propose a novel strategy for viral detection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which combines the transductive properties of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) with the Yeast Surface Display (YSD) of specific enzymes enrolled in the viral recognition process. The GPCR/YSD complex might allow for active virus detection through a modulated signal activated by a GPCR agonist, whose concentration correlates to the viral titer. Additionally, we explore this methodology in a case study for the detection of highly pathogenic coronaviruses that share the same cell receptor upon infection (i.e. the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, ACE2), as a conceptual example of the potential of the GPCR/YSD strategy for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Strategy, rationality, and the idea of public opinion in Britain, 1870–1914
Authors: Morgan-Owen David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article examines how shifts in political culture affect the formation of strategy. It does so by focusing upon the role that ‘public opinion’ played in debates over strategy in Britain from 1870 to 1914. The article makes three contributions. First, it challenges the notion that linkages between democracy and strategy were creations of the twentieth century or the result of developments in air power. Second, it deepens our understanding of civil-military relations in this period by examining how the armed forces responded to the age of mass politics. Finally, it contributes to recent work on the concept of ‘public opinion’.
More on Normic Support and the Criminal Standard of Proof
Authors: Smith Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper I respond to Marcello Di Bello’s criticisms of the ‘normic account’ of the criminal standard of proof (Di Bello 2019). In so doing, I further elaborate on what the normic account predicts about certain significant legal categories of evidence, including DNA and fingerprint evidence and eyewitness identifications.
Tianwen-1 and China's Mars exploration program
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
About every 26 months, the distance between Earth and Mars reaches a minimum, and that is the best time window for Mars exploration from Earth. In July 2020, three spacecraft started their journey to Mars: the Hope orbiter of the United Arab Emirates, the Tianwen-1 mission of China and the Perseverance rover of the United States’ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). If all go well, these spacecraft will reach Martian orbit in February 2021 and start their scientific observations.
Tianwen-1 is China's first mission to Mars. It includes an orbiter, a lander and a rover. It carries 13 scientific payloads and will investigate the topography, soil composition, water-ice distribution, internal structure, atmospheric environment and physical fields (electromagnetic and gravitational) of Mars. In this interview, we talked with the mission's Chief Scientist Yongxin Pan (潘永信) and Scientific Payload Sub-System Director Chi Wang (王赤) about this scientific mission and China's future plans for Mars exploration.
Complementary feeding of infants and young children 6 to 23 months of age
Authors: Lutter Chessa K , Grummer-Strawn Laurence , Rogers Lisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractComplementary feeding, when foods are introduced to complement a milk-based diet, generally occurs between 6 and 23 months of age. It is a critical period for both physical and cognitive development. During this period, the growth rate of the brain is one of the fastest during the life span and, consequently, the timing, dose, and duration of exposure to specific nutrients can result in both positive and negative effects. Complementary feeding is more than ensuring an adequate intake of nutrients; it also is about avoiding excess intakes of calories, salt, sugars, and unhealthy fats. Meals are cultural and social events where young children observe, imitate, learn about foods to like or dislike, and form lifelong eating habits and practices. Meals are also when a child learns to touch foods and connect food tastes to how foods look and feel. Ideally, complementary feeding is responsive and promotes child autonomy, but it can also be used to manage behavior problems or overly indulge a child, resulting in long-term consequences for nutrition and health. Therefore, in addition to what a child is fed, attention to how a child is fed is also important. In this review, 12 topics relevant for updating global guidance on complementary feeding were identified: age of introduction of complementary foods; continued breastfeeding; responsive feeding; safe preparation and storage of complementary foods; food textures, flavors, and acceptance; energy and meal and snack frequency; fats, protein, and carbohydrates; dietary diversity; milks other than breast milk; fluid needs; unhealthy foods and beverages; and use of vitamin and mineral supplements or supplementary foods.
Lipid-modifying effects of lean fish and fish-derived protein consumption in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tou Janet C , Gucciardi Enza , Young Ian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Consumption of lean fish and fish-derived proteins were effective for improving lipid profiles in published studies; however, evidence remains inconclusive.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of lean fish or fish-derived protein on serum/plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels by conducting a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Data sources
Medline (Ovid), Scopus, CINAHL, and Food and Nutritional Sciences databases were searched from the start date of each database to September 2019 to identify RCTs determining the effect of lean fish on lipid profile.

Study selection Included
RCTs investigated lean fish and fish-derived proteins intake and determined at least 1 major lipid or lipoprotein measurement.

Data extraction
Two reviewers independently evaluated 1217 studies against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant studies were assessed for risks of bias, and random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to generate average estimates of effect.

Results
A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of data from 18 to 21 eligible crossover and parallel-design RCTs with a total of 1392 to 1456 participants found triacylglycerol-lowering effects for lean fish compared with no fish consumption. Lean fish intake showed no significant differences related to total cholesterol or lipoprotein levels. Subanalysis showed that parallel-group RCTs tended to find greater reduction effects on circulating triacylglycerol than did crossover RCTs.

Conclusion
Additional better-designed, longer, and larger RCTs, particularly crossover RCTs, are needed to clarify the impact of lean fish and fish proteins on the serum/plasma lipid profile. Findings from such studies would enable practitioners to provide their patients evidence-based recommendations to meet the American Heart Association guidelines for fish consumption to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Career Assessment
Authors: McIlveen Peter , Perera Harsha N. , Brown Jason , Healy Michael , Hammer Sara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Career assessment is inherent in the professional practices of career development. Career assessment has its scientific, technical, and aesthetic foundations in applied psychology and education. It takes the forms of objective or subjective observation of another—a student or client—or reflectively of self. Assessment enables the practitioner, researcher, client, and student to conceptualize behaviour essential to performing acts of career development, such as identifying vocational interests, decision-making, and making meaning in diverse contexts of education and work. Its utility in higher education is demonstrated by examples of qualitative and quantitative methods of career assessment focused on employability. Considerations are given to the future potential and limitations of career assessment.
Greek and Roman Views of Ancient Nubia
Authors: Burstein Stanley M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article traces the history of Greek and Roman views about Nubia from the end of the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity. Throughout this period, knowledge of Nubia was mediated through Egypt. As a result, it is clear that knowledge of the geography and ethnography of Nubia fluctuated with the extent of involvement in Egypt, expanding in the 5th century bce, again in the 3rd century bce and finally in the late 1st century bce, periods when contact between Nubia and Egypt were most intense. Although none of the ancient accounts of Nubia are extant in their original form except for the Histories of Herodotus, much of their content survives in the form of excurses in general histories and geographies and encyclopedias like those of Diodorus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder that are important sources for the history of ancient Nubia and its peoples.
Trade in Ancient Nubia
Authors: Bashir Mahmoud Suliman , Emberling Geoff 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile traded goods are routinely identified in Nubian archaeology, there have been no comprehensive discussions of economic exchange (“trade”) in ancient and medieval Nubian societies. This chapter introduces some broader perspectives on ancient economies, including Polanyi’s modes of distribution (reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange), to highlight research questions that Nubian archaeology might begin to ask. The chapter summarizes evidence for routes and modes of transportation, makes some preliminary observations on the history of economic structures in Nubia, and presents more detailed evidence for trade between the Nile Valley and the Red Sea in the Meroitic Period
Nubian Rock Art
Authors: Paner Henryk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNubian rock art consists of handmade works on rock surfaces that differ significantly from the official images and texts of pharaonic Egypt. The oldest examples of such art are dated to the late Palaeolithic age and the Epipaleolithic Period. These are geometric representations as well as naturalistic depictions of bovids (wild cattle or aurochs), birds, hippopotamuses, gazelles, fish, hartebeest and stylized human figures, dated as far back as 15,000 bce. Similar motifs can be found both in the Nile Valley and in the adjacent desert areas of Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia, indirectly cited as proof of the existence of common cultural traditions in these regions and the notable mobility of contemporary hunter groups. Although Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia as early as the Early Dynastic Period (3200–3050 bce) saw the evolution of rock art from the “Preformal artistic stage” to a “Formal canonical phase” and became standardized and formalized, such a conclusion would be unsuitable for Upper Nubia, in which the evolution of rock art occurred in entirely different cultural circumstances. International activities aimed at rescuing Nubia’s heritage, under the auspices of the Merowe Dam Archaeological Salvage Project (MDASP), has led to the discovery of many sites with rock art and to recording changes that occurred in the cultural landscape of the Fourth Nile Cataract over the course of several thousand years. This has provided reliable foundations for an analysis of the changes to Upper Nubian rock art within its specific archaeological and historical context and environmental setting.
Archaeological Practice in the 21st Century
Authors: Humphris Jane , Bradshaw Rebecca , Emberling Geoff 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArchaeological research on the African continent developed hand in hand with European colonization. Although many countries became independent over sixty years ago, archaeological practice today can bear negative traces of colonial legacies. Often these legacies can be identified in the ways in which archaeologists have tended to interact—or indeed not interact—with local communities. A number of archaeological teams have therefore been developing “community engagement” strategies as a step towards decolonizing their practice. This chapter presents an overview of some of the community engagements currently being carried out in Sudan, and includes case studies from archaeological projects at Meroe and El-Kurru.
Forecasting Political Events
Authors: Horowitz Michael C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Forecasting political events is a critical activity for social scientists. Forecasting can help test competing theories, let researchers grapple with the true substantive effects of their models, and bridge the gap between academia and the policy world. Forecasting is an academic activity with direct relevance for policymakers. Yet, a variety of cognitive biases can make forecasting challenging, even for experts. Despite these limitations, interest in forecasting is growing. This chapter describes several different approaches to forecasting political events, especially international political events. These methods include game theory, machine learning, statistical analysis, and event data algorithms. Recent research also suggests the way models drawing on the wisdom of the crowds, forecasting teams, and prediction markets can generate large improvements in accuracy when forecasting geopolitical events. All have strengths and weaknesses, given the inherent uncertainty that exists in the political world.
Wisdom and Wisdom Literature
Authors: Kynes Will 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the volume by arguing that the study of biblical wisdom is in the midst of a potential paradigm shift, as interpreters are beginning to reconsider the relationship between the concept of wisdom in the Bible and the category Wisdom Literature. This offers an opportunity to explore how the two have been related in the past, in the history of Jewish and Christian interpretation, how they are connected in the present, as three competing primary approaches to Wisdom study have developed, and how they could be treated in the future, as new possibilities for understanding wisdom with insight from before and beyond the development of the Wisdom Literature category are emerging.
Wisdom in Dialogue with Greek Civilization
Authors: Legaspi Michael C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article surveys attempts to explore the relation of the so-called Wisdom Literature of the Hebrew Bible—the books of Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes—to figures and texts within Greek civilization. “Classical” and “biblical” texts have furnished a two-sided wisdom discourse within Western culture throughout the late antique, medieval, and early modern periods. Nevertheless, focused, comparative examinations of Wisdom texts in the two streams of tradition have not featured prominently in modern critical treatments of Wisdom in the Hebrew Bible. This article provides a brief review of essential backgrounds: the old dialectic between “Athens” and “Jerusalem” as well as modern attempts to distinguish “Hebrew thought” from “Greek thought.” The final section of the article turns to more recent examinations of specific parallels between the book of Ecclesiastes and Greek skepticism, the book of Job and Greek tragedy, and the book of Proverbs and virtue ethics.
History and Wisdom Literature
Authors: Millar Suzanna R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
“Wisdom Literature” has sometimes been defined in opposition to “historical writings.” However, it is likely that these texts all came from a shared scribal world. If we read the historical texts through a lens informed by Wisdom Literature, interesting themes emerge, revealing that both sets of literature were grappling with shared clusters of ideas. In particular, both explore the nature of human wisdom and divine intervention. This chapter examines five historical texts—the stories of Adam and Eve, Joseph, the Succession Narrative, Solomon, and Esther—to show how these “Wisdom” themes emerge.
Song of Songs
Authors: Hagedorn Anselm C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The essay reviews the current trend of classifying Song of Songs as a Wisdom book. Instead of hastily subsuming the unique expressions of love under the rubric of wisdom and allegory, it is proposed that Song of Songs is a powerful lyric creation of a counter-world, where sentiments—otherwise carefully veiled—can be freely expressed. Song of Songs is not a Wisdom book but a form of poetic and erotic literature that deeply impacted a developing sapiential corpus and whose language enabled other authors to create their own discourses about sexual relationships.