bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JRAB/MICAL-L2 undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation to form tubular recycling endosomes
Authors: Sakane Ayuko , Yano Taka-aki , Uchihashi Takayuki , Horikawa Kazuki , Hara Yusuke , Imoto Issei , Kurisu Shusaku , Yamada Hiroshi , Takei Kohji , Sasaki Takuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElongated tubular endosomes play essential roles in diverse cellular functions. Multiple molecules have been implicated in tubulation of recycling endosomes, but the mechanism of endosomal tubule biogenesis has remained unclear. In this study, we found that JRAB/MICAL-L2 induces endosomal tubulation via activated Rab8A. In association with Rab8A, JRAB/MICAL-L2 adopts its closed form, which functions in the tubulation of recycling endosomes. Moreover, JRAB/MICAL-L2 induces liquid–liquid phase separation, initiating the formation of tubular recycling endosomes upon overexpression. Between its N-terminal and C-terminal globular domains, JRAB/MICAL-L2 contains an intrinsically disordered region, which contributes to the formation of JRAB/MICAL-L2 condensates. Based on our findings, we propose that JRAB/MICAL-L2 plays two sequential roles in the biogenesis of tubular recycling endosomes: first, JRAB/MICAL-L2 organizes phase separation, and then the closed form of JRAB/MICAL-L2 formed by interaction with Rab8A promotes endosomal tubulation.
Protein nanofibril design via manipulation of hydrogen bonds
Authors: Aggarwal Nidhi , Eliaz Dror , Cohen Hagai , Rosenhek-Goldian Irit , Cohen Sidney R. , Kozell Anna , Mason Thomas O. , Shimanovich Ulyana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe process of amyloid nanofibril formation has broad implications including the generation of the strongest natural materials, namely silk fibers, and their major contribution to the progression of many degenerative diseases. The key question that remains unanswered is whether the amyloidogenic nature, which includes the characteristic H-bonded β-sheet structure and physical characteristics of protein assemblies, can be modified via controlled intervention of the molecular interactions. Here we show that tailored changes in molecular interactions, specifically in the H-bonded network, do not affect the nature of amyloidogenic fibrillation, and even have minimal effect on the initial nucleation events of self-assembly. However, they do trigger changes in networks at a higher hierarchical level, namely enhanced 2D packaging which is rationalized by the 3D hierarchy of β-sheet assembly, leading to variations in fibril morphology, structural composition and, remarkably, nanomechanical properties. These results pave the way to a better understanding of the role of molecular interactions in sculpting the structural and physical properties of protein supramolecular constructs.
Selective hydrosilylation of allyl chloride with trichlorosilane
Authors: Inomata Koya , Naganawa Yuki , Wang Zhi An , Sakamoto Kei , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Sato Kazuhiko , Nakajima Yumiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe transition-metal-catalysed hydrosilylation reaction of alkenes is one of the most important catalytic reactions in the silicon industry. In this field, intensive studies have been thus far performed in the development of base-metal catalysts due to increased emphasis on environmental sustainability. However, one big drawback remains to be overcome in this field: the limited functional group compatibility of the currently available Pt hydrosilylation catalysts in the silicon industry. This is a serious issue in the production of trichloro(3-chloropropyl)silane, which is industrially synthesized on the order of several thousand tons per year as a key intermediate to access various silane coupling agents. In the present study, an efficient hydrosilylation reaction of allyl chloride with trichlorosilane is achieved using the Rh(I) catalyst [RhCl(dppbzF)]2(dppbzF= 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene) to selectively form trichloro(3-chloropropyl)silane. The catalyst enables drastically improved efficiency (turnover number, TON, 140,000) and selectivity (>99%) to be achieved compared to conventional Pt catalysts.
Residual polymer stabiliser causes anisotropic electrical conductivity during inkjet printing of metal nanoparticles
Authors: Trindade Gustavo F. , Wang Feiran , Im Jisun , He Yinfeng , Balogh Adam , Scurr David , Gilmore Ian , Tiddia Mariavitalia , Saleh Ehab , Pervan David , Turyanska Lyudmila , Tuck Christopher J. , Wildman Ricky , Hague Richard , Roberts Clive J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInkjet printing of metal nanoparticles allows for design flexibility, rapid processing and enables the 3D printing of functional electronic devices through co-deposition of multiple materials. However, the performance of printed devices, especially their electrical conductivity, is lower than those made by traditional manufacturing methods and is not fully understood. Here, we reveal that anisotropic electrical conductivity of printed metal nanoparticles is caused by organic residuals from their inks. We employ a combination of electrical resistivity tests, morphological analysis and 3D nanoscale chemical analysis of printed devices using silver nanoparticles to show that the polymer stabiliser polyvinylpyrrolidone tends to concentrate between vertically stacked nanoparticle layers as well as at dielectric/conductive interfaces. Understanding the behaviour of organic residues in printed nanoparticles reveals potential new strategies to improve nanomaterial ink formulations for functional printed electronics.
Effects of orlistat combined with enzalutamide and castration through inhibition of fatty acid synthase in a PC3 tumor-bearing mouse model
Authors: Tyan Yeu-Sheng , Lee Yen-Po , Chuang Hui-Yen , Wang Wei-Hsun , Hwang Jeng-Jong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is one of the typical treatments used for patients with prostate cancer (PCa). ADT, however, may fail when PCa develops castration-resistance. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a critical enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis, is found to be up-regulated in PCa. Since enzalutamide and ADT are frequently used for the treatment of PCa, the present study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism of combination of orlistat, an FASN inhibitor, and enzalutamide using PC3 cell line; and orlistat and castration in PC3 tumor-bearing animal model. Cytotoxicity was determined by AlamarBlue assay. Drug effects on the cell cycle and protein expressions were assayed by the flow cytometry and Western blot. Electromobility shift assay was used to evaluate the NF-κB activity. The tumor growth delay, expressions of the signaling-related proteins, and histopathology post treatments of orlistat and castration were evaluated in PC3 tumor-bearing mouse model. The results showed that orlistat arrested the PC3 cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle and enhanced the cytotoxic effects of enzalutamide synergistically. Pretreatment with orlistat combined with castration inhibited the tumor growth significantly compared with those of castration and orlistat treatments alone in PC3 tumor-bearing mice. Combination treatment reduced both FASN and NF-κB activities and their downstream effector proteins. The present study demonstrated the synergistic effects of orlistat combined with enzalutamide in vitro and castration in vivo on human PCa.
Euclid : Effects of sample covariance on the number counts of galaxy clusters
Authors: Fumagalli A. , Saro A. , Borgani S. , Castro T. , Costanzi M. , Monaco P. , Munari E. , Sefusatti E. , Amara A. , Auricchio N. , Balestra A. , Bodendorf C. , Bonino D. , Branchini E. , Brinchmann J. , Capobianco V. , Carbone C. , Castellano M. , Cavuoti S. , Cimatti A. , Cledassou R. , Conselice C. J. , Corcione L. , Costille A. , Cropper M. , Degaudenzi H. , Douspis M. , Dubath F. , Dusini S. , Ealet A. , Fosalba P. , Franceschi E. , Franzetti P. , Fumana M. , Garilli B. , Giocoli C. , Grupp F. , Guzzo L. , Haugan S. V. H. , Hoekstra H. , Holmes W. , Hormuth F. , Jahnke K. , Kiessling A. , Kilbinger M. , Kitching T. , Kümmel M. , Kunz M. , Kurki-Suonio H. , Laureijs R. , Lilje P. B. , Lloro I. , Maiorano E. , Marggraf O. , Markovic K. , Massey R. , Meneghetti M. , Meylan G. , Moscardini L. , Niemi S. M. , Padilla C. , Paltani S. , Pasian F. , Pedersen K. , Pettorino V. , Pires S. , Poncet M. , Popa L. , Pozzetti L. , Raison F. , Rhodes J. , Roncarelli M. , Rossetti E. , Saglia R. , Scaramella R. , Schneider P. , Secroun A. , Seidel G. , Serrano S. , Sirignano C. , Sirri G. , Taylor A. N. , Tereno I. , Toledo-Moreo R. , Valentijn E. A. , Valenziano L. , Wang Y. , Weller J. , Zamorani G. , Zoubian J. , Brescia M. , Congedo G. , Conversi L. , Mei S. , Moresco M. , Vassallo T. 
Published: May 2021

Aims. We investigate the contribution of shot-noise and sample variance to uncertainties in the cosmological parameter constraints inferred from cluster number counts, in the context of the Euclid survey.
Methods. By analysing 1000 Euclid-like light cones, produced with the PINOCCHIO approximate method, we validated the analytical model of Hu & Kravtsov (2003, ApJ, 584, 702) for the covariance matrix, which takes into account both sources of statistical error. Then, we used such a covariance to define the likelihood function that is better equipped to extract cosmological information from cluster number counts at the level of precision that will be reached by the future Euclid photometric catalogs of galaxy clusters. We also studied the impact of the cosmology dependence of the covariance matrix on the parameter constraints.
Results. The analytical covariance matrix reproduces the variance measured from simulations within the 10 percent; such a difference has no sizeable effect on the error of cosmological parameter constraints at this level of statistics. Also, we find that the Gaussian likelihood with full covariance is the only model that provides an unbiased inference of cosmological parameters without underestimating the errors, and that the cosmology-dependence of the covariance must be taken into account.
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey
Authors: Nguyen H. , Rugel M. R. , Menten K. M. , Brunthaler A. , Dzib S. A. , Yang A. Y. , Kauffmann J. , Pillai T. G. S. , Nandakumar G. , Schultheis M. , Urquhart J. S. , Dokara R. , Gong Y. , Medina S-N. X. , Ortiz-León G. N. , Reich W. , Wyrowski F. , Beuther H. , Cotton W. D. , Csengeri T. , Pandian J. D. , Roy N. 
Published: May 2021

Context. The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), a ∼200 pc sized region around the Galactic Centre, is peculiar in that it shows a star formation rate (SFR) that is suppressed with respect to the available dense gas. To study the SFR in the CMZ, young stellar objects (YSOs) can be investigated. Here we present radio observations of 334 2.2 μm infrared sources that have been identified as YSO candidates.
Aims. Our goal is to investigate the presence of centimetre wavelength radio continuum counterparts to this sample of YSO candidates which we use to constrain the current SFR in the CMZ.
Methods. As part of the GLObal view on STAR formation (GLOSTAR) survey, D-configuration Very Large Array data were obtained for the Galactic Centre, covering −2° < l < 2° and −1° < b < 1° with a frequency coverage of 4–8 GHz. We matched YSOs with radio continuum sources based on selection criteria and classified these radio sources as potential H II regions and determined their physical properties.
Results. Of the 334 YSO candidates, we found 35 with radio continuum counterparts. We find that 94 YSOs are associated with dense dust condensations identified in the 870 μm ATLASGAL survey, of which 14 have a GLOSTAR counterpart. Of the 35 YSOs with radio counterparts, 11 are confirmed as H II regions based on their spectral indices and the literature. We estimated their Lyman continuum photon flux in order to estimate the mass of the ionising star. Combining these with known sources, the present-day SFR in the CMZ is calculated to be ∼0.068 M⊙ yr−1, which is ∼6.8% of the Galactic SFR. Candidate YSOs that lack radio counterparts may not have yet evolved to the stage of exhibiting an H II region or, conversely, are older and have dispersed their natal clouds. Since many lack dust emission, the latter is more likely. Our SFR estimate in the CMZ is in agreement with previous estimates in the literature.
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in spinal surgery
Authors: Shawky Abdelgawaad Ahmed , El Sadik Mohammed Hassaan Mohamed , Hassan Khalid Mohammed , El-Sharkawi Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Study design: Complete audit cycle.Introduction: To highlight the unjustified overuse of perioperative antibiotics in clean non-instrumented lumbar spinal surgeries. To convince orthopedic surgeons in a methodological way of local field comparison between common practice on the use of perioperative antibiotics prophylaxis (PAP) in clean non-instrumented lumbar spinal surgeries and the ideal practice according to “The guidelines published by North American Spine Society (NASS)”.Methods: A complete audit cycle had been done. One hundred and eight patients underwent clean non-instrumented lumbar spinal surgeries in a tertiary spine center, during the period from the 1st of April to the 31st of June 2017 (primary audit period) and during the period from the 8th of May to the 21st of November 2018 (re-audit period). Group I: audit group (n = 54) was given the usual regimen (IV first-generation cephalosporin for 1–6 days, followed by oral antibiotics, till the removal of stitches) and Group II: re-audit group (n = 54) received only the IV antibiotics for one day). The study protocol was approved by our institution’s Ethical Committee (17100582).Results: This study showed a wide gap between international standards and local prescribing practices and calls for multiple interventions to improve our practice. Out of the 108 patients, only one case (1.85%) developed surgical site infection (SSI) in the audit group (Group I). The difference in infection rates between the two groups was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: A single-day postoperative dose of antibiotics effectively prevents postoperative wound infection following non-instrumented lumbar spinal surgery and is not associated with a higher infection rate.
Netzwerke Junger Muskuloskelettaler Forscher*Innen
Authors: Herrmann Marietta , Barth Benjamin , Foessl Ines , Genest Franca , Linhart Christoph , Stein Merle , Schwab Andrea , Boeker Kai Oliver , Schmidt Felix 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFür junge Forscher*innen am Beginn des Karriereweges sind Instrumente der Nachwuchsförderung und -vernetzung von großer Bedeutung. Unterstützung ist hier in vielen Bereichen notwendig, vom Erwerb sogenannter Soft Skills, der Ausweitung von persönlichen Fähigkeiten und Fachkompetenz, dem Kontakt zu Kollegen*innen und dem Aufbau eines eigenen Netzwerkes bis hin zur Planung des Karriereweges. In einem breiten Themenbereich wie der muskuloskelettalen Forschung sind hier interdisziplinäre und Fachgesellschaften-übergreifende Angebote von großer Bedeutung. In diesem Artikel stellen wir Nachwuchsnetzwerke für den muskuloskelettalen Nachwuchs im deutschsprachigen Bereich vor, die ein breites Spektrum an Symposien, Forschungsförderung und Mentoring anbieten, vor allem aber eine Plattform zur Vernetzung junger Forscher darstellen. Dies sind insbesondere die MuSkITYR (Muskuloskeletal Interdisciplinary Translational Young Researcher), das Junge Forum O und U, die AGA-Studenten (Gesellschaft für Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie) sowie das Junge Forum ÖGU (Österreichische Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie) und die SSB + RM (Swiss Society for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine) Young Scientists.
The Association between Prolonged Antibiotic Use in Culture Negative Infants and Length of Hospital Stay and Total Hospital Costs
Authors: Sourour Wesam , Sanchez Valeria , Sourour Michel , Burdine Jordan , Lien Elizabeth Rodriguez , Nguyen Diana , Jain Sunil K. 
Published: May 2021

Objective This study aimed to determine if prolonged antibiotic use at birth in neonates with a negative blood culture increases the total cost of hospital stay.
Study design This was a retrospective study performed at a 60-bed level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Neonates born <30 weeks of gestation or <1,500 g between 2016 and 2018 who received antibiotics were included. A multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to determine if clinical factors contributed to increased hospital cost or length of stay.
Results In total, 190 patients met inclusion criteria with 94 infants in the prolonged antibiotic group and 96 in the control group. Prolonged antibiotic use was associated with an increase length of hospital stay of approximately 31.87 days, resulting in a $69,946 increase in total cost of hospitalization.
Conclusion Prolonged antibiotics in neonates with negative blood culture were associated with significantly longer hospital length of stay and increased total cost of hospitalization.
Key Points
Kirschner Wire Fixation in Dorsally Displaced Distal Radius Fractures: A Biomechanical Evaluation
Authors: Sanders Liam , Johnson Nick , Dias Joseph J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background There is currently no consensus for the optimum configuration and number of Kirschner wires (K-wires) to use for the stabilization of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures. In this biomechanical study, we compared the load to failure and stiffness of four common K-wire configurations to identify the strongest construct for use in extra-articular dorsally displaced distal radius fractures.
Case Description We created a standard distal radius fracture model in turkey tarsometatarsi which was stabilized using two or three K-wires (1.6 mm) in four different configurations. Following a power calculation, 10 fracture models of each configuration underwent testing in cantilever bending and axial compression.
Literature Review Recent randomized trials have shown no evidence that volar locking plates are superior to K-wires for the treatment of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures. This has led to an increase in the popularity of much cheaper K-wires. Several different K-wire techniques have been described but there is no strong evidence to determine which is the optimal configuration and number of wires.
Clinical Relevance The three-wire interfragmentary configuration was stiffer than the three-wire Kapandji in axial compression and cantilever bending. There was no difference in load to failure in cantilever bending or axial compression. The three-wire interfragmentary technique is the stiffest configuration of K-wires for dorsally displaced distal radius fractures. The two-wire Kapandji technique was significantly weaker than the other configurations, especially in cantilever bending.
Conclusion The authors recommend to always use three wires for percutaneous pinning and never to use two intrafocal wires alone.
How Enlightening and Reliable Are Cancer-Related Posts on Social Media Platforms? Opinions of a Sample of Nigerians
Authors: Nwafor Jacob Njideka , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Amoo Babatunde Abiodun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction On social media, several pieces of cancer-related information are being shared among people. This study aims to survey the Nigerian public, exploring their opinions on the influence (as per enlightenment) of cancer-related information on social media on them, and explore their opinions on the reliability of cancer-related posts they see on social media platforms.Methods This study was a descriptive cross-sectional online survey of 236 Nigerians, using an e-questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software (IBM Corp, New York, NY, United States).Results The majority (56.4%) of the respondents were females, 66.5% were within the age range of 20 to 29 years, and 92.4% had tertiary level of education. Virtually all (98.7%) of them had an Internet-enabled phone, and 99.6% were users of social media. The most used social media platform among them was WhatsApp while the most educative social media platform, according to them, was Facebook. Also, 96.6% (227/235) of those respondents who were social media users were of the opinion that social media is very useful for cancer education. However, only 68.5% (161/235) of them had learnt something new about cancer on social media platforms, of which 23.0% (37/161) rated the cancer information they have accessed on social media to be somewhat reliable.Conclusion Social media is highly influential in educating Nigerians on issues pertaining to cancer. However, not all cancer-related information posted on various social media platforms is reliable; hence, social media users should always take extra caution while consuming cancer-related posts on social media platforms.
Immediate and sustained killing effects of atmospheric-pressure plasma on young and mature biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Tang Xuezhi , Shi Qi , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhang Hanyong , Du Tianfeng , Cao Yingguang 
Published: May 2021

The immediate killing effect of atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) has been frequently investigated, but its sustained killing activity is poorly understood. The goal of the present study is to evaluate both the immediate and sustained killing effects of APP on Enterococcus faecalis. The APP jet was evaluated by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF). Hydroxyapatite (HA) discs coated with bovine dermal type I collagen were used as substrates for bacterial growth. After the formation of E. faecalis biofilms on the HA discs for seven days or three weeks, the samples were treated with (A) 2 ml of saline, (B) APP, or (C) 2 ml of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) for 5 min. The treated samples were then cultured for three or seven days, after which they were examined by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The OES results showed that typical reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were included in the full spectrum. The fitted curve indicated that the rotation temperature of N2 was close to room temperature. The LIF results showed that the maximal O and OH intensities occurred at 5 mm from the nozzle. For both the seven-day and three-week biofilms, the CHX and APP treatments had significant sterilization results (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the saline group in terms of immediate and sustained killing effects. APP demonstrated excellent potential for use as an alternative approach for the treatment of periapical diseases.