bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Artificial Intelligence and Prospects for Its Application
Authors: Dmitriev V. Ya. , Ignat'eva T. A. , Pilyavskiy V. P. 
Published: May 2021

Aim. To analyze the concept of “artificial intelligence”, to justify the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence technologies.Tasks. To study the conceptual apparatus; to propose and justify the author’s definition of the “artificial intelligence” concept; to describe the technology of speech recognition using artificial intelligence.Methodology. The authors used such general scientific methods of cognition as comparison, deduction and induction, analysis, generalization and systematization.Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the existing conceptual apparatus, it is concluded that there is no single concept of “artificial intelligence”. Each author puts his own vision into it. In this regard, the author’s definition of the “artificial intelligence” concept is formulated. It is determined that an important area of applying artificial intelligence technologies in various fields of activity is speech recognition technology. It is shown that the first commercially successful speech recognition prototypes appeared already by the 1990s, and since the beginning of the 21st century. The great interest in “end-to-end” automatic speech recognition has become obvious. While traditional phonetic approaches have requested pronunciation, acoustic, and language model data, end-to-end models simultaneously consider all components of speech recognition, thereby facilitating the stages of self-learning and development. It is established that a significant increase in the” mental “ capabilities of computer technology and the development of new algorithms have led to new achievements in this direction. These advances are driven by the growing demand for speech recognition.Conclusions. According to the authors, artificial intelligence is a complex of computer programs that duplicate the functions of the human brain, opening up the possibility of informal learning based on big data processing, allowing to solve the problems of pattern recognition (text, image, speech) and the formation of management decisions. Currently, the active development of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence concepts has led to a wide practical application of intelligent technologies, especially in control systems. The impact of these systems can be found in the work of mobile phones and expert systems, in forecasting and other areas. Among the obstacles to the development of this technology is the lack of accuracy in speech and voice recognition systems in the conditions of sound interference, which is always present in the external environment. However, the recent advances overcome this disadvantage.
Türkiye’de Doğu Akdeniz İllerindeki Sütçü Keçi İşletmelerinde Pestivirus Enfeksiyonlarının Seroprevalansı
Authors: DOĞAN Fırat , ATASEVEN Veysel Soydal , ERGÜN Yaşar 
Published: May 2021

Pestiviruslar, konak genişlikleri, multisistemik hastalık tablosuna ve yüksek ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaları nedeniyle çiftlik hayvanlarının en önemli viral patojenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Pestiviruslar konakçı spesifik olmadıkları gibi tanımlanmış tüm pestiviruslar sığır, koyun, keçi, alpaka, geyik ve domuzlarda çoğalabilmektedir. Persiste BVDV ve BDV enfeksiyonları keçilerde nadir olarak bildirilmesine karşın, akut enfeksiyon modeli şeklinde gebe keçilerde abortlar ve oğlaklarda merkezi sinir sistemi bulguları ile karakterize olgular rapor edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, Akdeniz bölgesinin doğusunda yer alan 3 ildeki (Kahramanmaraş, Hatay ve Osmaniye) keçi popülasyonunda pestivirüs enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı ırk keçilerden alınan 461 kan serumu örneği kullanıldı ve ELISA ile antikor varlığı araştırıldı. Örneklenen keçi popülasyonundaki toplam seroprevalansın %16,7 (77/461) olduğu saptandı. Ayrıca ırklar arasındaki seropozitiflik istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu.
Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmada Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz alanında örnekleme yapılan Kahramanmaraş, Osmaniye ve Hatay illerindeki farklı ırklardan keçi sürülerinde pestivirus sirkülasyonu gösterilmiştir.
ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGISIAN FRS ONLINE BERBASIS WEB PADA STMIK ROSMA KARAWANG
Authors: Rosanti Ethika , Awalludin Dudi , Rostiani Yeny 
Published: May 2021

AbstrakTujuan penelitian pada STMIK Rosma Karawang ini adalah memperbaharui sistem pengisian FRS oleh mahasiswa yang masih menggunakan cara manual menjadi sistem informasi pengisian FRS Online berbasis Web menggunakan PHP dan MySQL sebagai Database. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis yaitu metode waterfall terdiri dari beberapa fase yaitu analisa terhadap kebutuhan (pengumpulan data), perancangan (pembuatan desain sistem usulan), Coding/penulisan kode program dan Penerapan/pengujian program (Integration & Testing) tahapan ini bisa dikatakan final dalam pembuatan sebuah sistem. Setelah melakukan analisa, desain dan pengkodean maka sistem dapat digunakan oleh User. Hasil penelitian penulis menemukan bahwa proses pengisian FRS masih melakukan sistem secara manual yaitu dengan mengisi lembar pengisian FRS yang sewaktu-waktu dapat rusak atau hilang. Terkadang ada mahasiswa yang memperlambat pengumpulan FRS dengan berbagai macam alasan. Selain itu, mahasiswa terlalu bergantung dengan Kaprodi karena pengisian FRS manual memerlukan bimbingan dan Dosen yang bersangkutan tidak sewaktu-waktu dapat melaksanakan bimbingan karena jadwal mengajar atau sebagainya. Hal ini membuat proses pengisian FRS menjadi terlambat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, yaitu melalui pemograman berbasis php ini diharapkan dapat memecahkan masalah pada sistem terdahulu yang tidak terkomputerisasi dengan baik. Diharapkan sistem ini dapat diakses kapan dan dimana saja. Sehingga membantu berbagai pihak, baik mahasiswa dalam pengumpulan FRS tepat waktu dan bagian BAAK dalam memproses data mata kuliah untuk menentukan jadwal perkuliahan.
Kata Kunci: FRS, SKS, IPK, PHP, MySQL dan Waterfall.
Understanding Student Perceptions of Class Participation
Authors: Wonder Kelly 
Published: May 2021

Located in the Philippines, this study explored the perceptions secondary English education majors at a public university in Metro Manila, Philippines, have of classroom participation. Through an open-ended questionnaire and a series of interviews, the researcher found participants defined class participation as “recitation,” such as student responses to teacher-generated questions with limited interaction with peers. Participants also reported a strong power distance relationship between student and teacher and suggested a fear of failure restricted their class participation. Despite these challenges, participants expected their participation to be assessed. When examined through the lens of Willingness to Communicate, student perceptions were contrary to the skills expected of 21st century learners. Understanding the student perception of class participation has the potential to mediate perceptual mismatches and create more effective learning environments.
The Influence Of Motivation And Discipline On The Work Productivity Of Employees In Camat Office Of Sukaraja District, Seluma Province, Bengkulu Province
Authors: Er Meytha Gayatri Ida Ayu Made , Nengsih Mimi Kurnia 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine factors such as motivation and work discipline tahat affect the work prductivity of employees at the Head Office of Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. The sample in this study was 29 employees at the Head Office of Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. Data collectiion using a questionnaire and the method of analysis used is multiple linear regression, test of determination and hypothesis testing. The result of the regression equation is Y = n10,107 + 0,417 X1 + 0,361X2 + e, which means that motivation and work discipline have a positive influence of the work productivity of employees at the Head Office of Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. The results of the determination test was 0,567 0r (56,7%). This shows that motivation and work discipline have an effect on the work productivity of employees at the Subdistrict Head Office of Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency by 56,7 % while the rest are explained or influenced by other variables not examined.
Kirkpatrick Model Evaluation of Accelerated Second-Degree Nursing Programs: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Hyejung , Song Youngkwan 
Published: May 2021

Background:
This scoping review examined the outcomes of accelerated second-degree baccalaureate and master of nursing programs using the Kirkpatrick four-level model.

Method:
A systematic search of four major scientific databases identified 15 articles meeting study inclusion criteria. The articles were assessed for educational outcomes, and extracted data were organized according to the four-level Kirkpatrick model consisting of reaction, learning, behavior, and results.

Results:
Both second-degree baccalaureate and master of nursing program students showed strong academic achievement, high employment rates, and high program satisfaction but reported lack of perceived preparedness for a clinical position. No studies evaluated the long-term impacts of the programs on graduates' clinical practice or patient outcomes.

Conclusion:

Accelerated second-degree nursing programs quickly and efficiently produce licensed nurses. The care provided by the graduates of these accelerated programs needs to be investigated in both short- and long-term to better determine overall program effectiveness.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2021;60(5):265–271.]
Ambulatory Care Simulation: A Collaboration Between MSN and BSN Students
Authors: Coburn Caroline Varner , Spence Sandra , LaCagnina Laura , Becklenberg Amy , Wands Lisa Marie , Haynes-Ferere Angela 
Published: May 2021

Background:
A university school of nursing initiated a pilot project to include Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) students in two existing Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) student scenarios. The result was a valuable collaboration among the student learners.

Method:
Using a Zoom platform, students were introduced to their patient in a telehealth scenario. Students then encountered the same patient in an urgent care setting. The BSN student assessed the patient, then reported to the MSN student. The MSN student provided feedback and treatment orders. Individual BSN and MSN student pairs debriefed immediately after their scenarios and again at the end with other students and faculty.

Results:
Evaluation was conducted using an adaptation of the Modified Simulation Evaluation Tool (SET-M) and free-text questions developed by nursing faculty. Both SET-M responses and written comments indicated students were satisfied with the simulation experience, and students' confidence and skills in communication and collaboration improved.

Conclusion:

This simulation was beneficial for both MSN and BSN students and will become an ongoing addition to the simulations.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(5):293–297.]

.
Log-concavity and log-convexity of moments of averages of i.i.d. random variables
Authors: Lamkin Philip , Tkocz Tomasz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe show that the sequence of moments of order less than 1 of averages of i.i.d. positive random variables is log-concave. For moments of order at least 1, we conjecture that the sequence is log-convex and show that this holds eventually for integer moments (after neglecting the first
$p^2$
terms of the sequence).
Number of prime factors with a given multiplicity
Authors: Elma Ertan , Liu Yu-Ru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet$k\geqslant 1$be a natural number and$\omega _k(n)$denote the number of distinct prime factors of a natural numbernwith multiplicityk. We estimate the first and second moments of the functions$\omega _k$with$k\geqslant 1$. Moreover, we prove that the function$\omega _1(n)$has normal order$\log \log n$and the function$(\omega _1(n)-\log \log n)/\sqrt {\log \log n}$has a normal distribution. Finally, we prove that the functions$\omega _k(n)$with$k\geqslant 2$do not have normal order$F(n)$for any nondecreasing nonnegative functionF.
Etiology, Clinical Course, and Outcomes of Pneumonia in the Elderly: A Retrospective and Prospective Cohort Study in Thailand
Authors: Osman Mayada , Manosuthi Weerawat , Kaewkungwal Jaranit , Silachamroon Udomsak , Mansanguan Chayasin , Kamolratanakul Supitcha , Pitisuttithum Punnee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among elderly adults. We performed a retrospective and prospective observational study to describe the etiology, clinical course, and outcomes of pneumonia for patients 60 years and older in Thailand. We enrolled 490 patients; 440 patients were included in the retrospective study and 50 patients were included in the prospective study. The CURB-65 score and a modified SMART-COP score (SMART-CO score) were used to assess disease severity. The median patient age was 80 years (interquartile range, 70–87 years); 51.2% were men. Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.5%) were the most common causative agents of pneumonia. A significant minority (23%) of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality among this subset of patients was 45%. Most patients (80.8%) survived and were discharged from the hospital. The median duration of hospitalization was 8 days (interquartile range, 4–16 days). In contrast, 17.6% of patients died while undergoing care and 30-day mortality was 14%. Factors significantly associated with mortality were advanced age (P = 0.004), male sex (P = 0.005), multiple bacterial infections (P = 0.007; relative risk [RR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–2.79), infection with multi-drug-resistant/extended-spectrum B-lactamase-producing organisms (P < 0.001; RR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.83–4.85), ICU admission (P < 0.001; RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4–2.3), and complications of pneumonia (P < 0.001; RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.8–3.4). Patients with higher SMART-CO and CURB-65 scores had higher rates of ICU admission and higher 30-day mortality rates (P < 0.001). These results emphasize the importance of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, as major causes of pneumonia among the elderly in contrast to other reports, Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia among elderly individuals worldwide. The SMART-COP and CURB-65 scores were developed to assess pneumonia severity and predict mortality of young adults with pneumonia. Few studies have examined the appropriateness of these scores for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. A limited number of studies have used modified versions of these scores among elderly individuals. We found that Gram-negative bacteria has a major role in the etiology of pneumonia among elderly individuals in Southeast Asia. A significant proportion of elderly individuals with low CURB-65 scores were admitted to the hospital, indicating that hospital admission may reflect fragility among elderly individuals with low CURB-65 scores. The modified SMART-COP score (SMART-CO score) sufficiently predicted intensive care unit admission and the need for intensive vasopressor or respiratory support. A SMART-CO score ≥ 7 accurately predicted 30-day mortality.
Chylous Leakage Post-mastectomy and Axillary Dissection
Authors: Mwongeli Matheka , Wasike Ronald 
Published: May 2021

Chylous leakage is a rare complication following mastectomy and axillary dissection. We report a case of a 46-year-old female who underwent modified radical mastectomy and developed chylous leakage. She was treated successfully with conservative management.
Keywords: Chylous leakage, chyle, mastectomy, axillary dissection
Medical Students’ Perceptions of the Medical Education Learning Environment at the University of Nairobi: II. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ojuka Daniel , Aseta Faith , Githambo Beth , Wambua Brian 
Published: May 2021

Background: The educational environment (EE) has a significant influence on effective student learning. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) is a validated tool to assess the EE. A DREEM survey done in early 2019 among medical students at the University of Nairobi highlighted many problems. It was therefore important to explore why such perceptions existed among the medical students.
Objectives: To explore medical students’ perceptions ofthe medical education learning environment at the University of Nairobi. Methods: Qualitative focus group discussions (FGD) were held among medical students in years III to VI in groups of between 8and 12students. The discussions were recorded using a Samsung J6 phone voice recorder, transcribed, coded, and analysed for themes until saturation was reached.
Results: We held six FGD with medical students in years III to VI and identified four thematic areas: 1) poor educational infrastructure, 2) poor educational structure, 3) teacher-centred teaching, and 4) lack of social support for students in difficulties.
Conclusion: Exploring the perceptions of the EE confirmed students have a poor view of the educational environment. The issues raised are good feedback on teaching, governance and the social culture of the institution.
Keywords: Learning environment, DREEM, Medical students, Qualitative methods
Effet de l’implantation des souches de Panicum maximum var. C1 sur l’invasion de Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit dans les pâturages naturels au Nord-Béni
Authors: Ibrahima Souhaibou Yacoubou , Yaoitcha Alain S. , Lesse Paolo , Aboh André B. , Houinato Marcel R.B. 
Published: May 2021

La productivité et la durabilité des pâturages naturels sont menacées au Nord-Bénin par la prolifération de Hyptis suaveolens. La restauration de ces pâturages nécessite des mesures de lutte contre cette plante. L’étude visait à évaluer l’effet de Panicum maximum C1 installé avec des souches à une densité de 4 plants/m2 sur H. suaveolens et à comparer les réactions face à H. suaveolens des souches de P. maximum issues d’un milieu infesté ou non par H. suaveolens. Le contrôle d’invasion de H. suaveolens par la culture de P. maximum a été évalué par la contribution spécifique de contact (CSC), le biovolume (Bv) et la biomasse (Bm) de H. suaveolens. Lesrésultats ont montré que la présence de P. maximum C1 a réduit significativement (p<0,05) la CSC, le Bv et la Bm de H. suaveolens respectivement à 13,20%, 0,16% et 15,62% après trois mois de culture sans exploitation. La provenance des souches n’a eu d’effet significatif (p>0,05) sur aucun des paramètres biophysiques de H. suaveolens, ni sur le développement de P. maximum C1 en présence de H. suaveolens. Ainsi, la culture de P. maximum dans les pâturages envahis a permis d’améliorer leurs caractéristiques pastorales et peut être promue en milieu paysan.Mots clé : Hyptis suaveolens, Panicum maximum C1, plante envahissante, pâturages, Bénin. Effect of Panicum maximum var. C1 stumps cultivation on invasion of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit in natural pastures in northern Benin

The productivity and sustainability of natural pastures in northern Benin are threatened by the proliferation of Hyptis suaveolens. The restoration of these pastures requires control measures against this plant. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of Panicum maximum C1 installed with stumps at a density of 4 plants/m² on the development of H. suaveolens and to compare the reactions with respect to H. suaveolens of P. maximum’s stumps from an infested environment or not by H. suaveolens. Invasion control of H. suaveolens by culture of P. maximum was assessed using the specific contact contribution (SCC), biovolume (Bv) and biomass (Bm) of H. suaveolens. The results showed that the presence of P. maximum C1 reduced significantly (p <0.05) the SCC, Bv and Bm of H. suaveolens respectively to 13.20%, 0.16% and 15.62% after three months of cultivation without exploitation. The origin of stumps had no significant effect (p> 0.05) on any of the biophysical parameters of H. suaveolens, nor on the development of P. maximum C1 in the presence of H. suaveolens. Thus, the cultivation of P. maximum in pastures invaded has improved their pastoral characteristics and can be promoted in rural areas.
Keywords: Hyptis suaveolens, Panicum maximum C1, invasive plant, pastures, Benin.
Occurrence, distribution and composition of marine mammals in the bight of Bony, Nigeria
Authors: Olakunle Gideon Wole , Ndubisi Ajuonu 
Published: May 2021

Information on the distribution, occurrence and population structure of cetaceans (whales and dolphins) of the Atlantic coast of Nigeria in West Africa remains fairly sparse to date, with few detailed studies being conducted on this valuable marine resource. This paper highlights the abundant cetacean community sighted in the Nigerian coastal waters and the respective importance of this area as a prime coastal habitat for these mammals. The secondary objective was the evaluation of this resource and development of appropriatemanagement policies. Opportunistic data was collected on board six different marine vessels belonging to some international oil companies (IOC) in Nigeria, whose primary objective was to conduct seismic operations. 8,327 hours and 36 minutes of effort was logged during 2 wet and 3 dry seasons respectively, covering almost 880 km2 at a depth range of 10 to 70 m. The total number of individuals recorded was 2199 of which 80% were dolphins and 20% were whales. Out of these, 55.14% was sighted at depth range of 21 – 30 m. This was followed by 30.42% recorded at depth range of 31 - 40 m. The least frequency of 0.75 % was recorded at depth range of 61- 70m. Five hundred and twenty-five (525) individual whales was recorded, out of which 77.14% were adults and 22.86% were juveniles, while 1674 individual dolphins were recorded with 52.63% juveniles and 47.37% adult. Four species of dolphins were identified. The bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus was the most abundant owing to the large size of the groups observed, followed by common dolphin, Delphinus delphis. All species of dolphins identified occurred throughout the sampling months. Two species of whales were identified with the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) predominant and killer whales (Orcinus orca) which seem to be present in just a part of a year. Nigerian coastal water is moderately rich in cetacean diversity, which is currently underreported due to limited research.Keywords: Whales, dolphins, species diversity, opportunistic surveys, Nigeria.
Microbiological analysis of the Cirina forda (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) commercialized in North Togo
Authors: Badanaro Fègbawè , Hoekou Yao , Gbogbo Koffi Apeti , Amevoin Komina , Amouzou Kou’santa 
Published: May 2021

Edible insects are presented as a source of protein, fat and micronutrients. Consequently, they are an attractive growing environment for microorganisms. Although, professionals in this sector in Sub-Saharan Africa use traditional harvesting, processing and marketing techniques, there is little scientific data on the microorganisms that infest edible insects. The aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms present in the Cirina forda supply chain, the most commercially marketed insect species in Togo. A total of 300 samples of fresh, processed and commercial C. forda caterpillars were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological microorganism identification techniques. The caterpillar was 90% contaminated with Staphylococcus spp, 60% by Escherichia coli, 40% by Enterobacter spp, 40% by Aspergillus niger, 30% by Klebsiella pneumoniae and 10% by Mucor spp, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus spp, Serratia spp and Aspergillus flavus. Pathogenic microorganisms are found in all samples at all stages of the supply chain, so caterpillars handled using traditional methods are detrimental to the health of the consumer. The presence of germs indicative of contamination of the caterpillar analyzed exposes consumers to the risk of food poisoning.
Keywords: Cirina forda, marketing, microorganisms, Togo