bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loop-tree duality from vertices and edges
Authors: Torres Bobadilla William J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The causal representation of multi-loop scattering amplitudes, obtained from the application of the loop-tree duality formalism, comprehensively elucidates, at integrand level, the behaviour of only physical singularities. This representation is found to manifest compact expressions for multi-loop topologies that have the same number of vertices. Interestingly, integrands considered in former studies, with up-to six vertices and L internal lines, display the same structure of up-to four-loop ones. The former is an insight that there should be a correspondence between vertices and the collection of internal lines, edges, that characterise a multi-loop topology. By virtue of this relation, in this paper, we embrace an approach to properly classify multi-loop topologies according to vertices and edges. Differently from former studies, we consider the most general topologies, by connecting vertices and edges in all possible ways. Likewise, we provide a procedure to generate causal representation of multi-loop topologies by considering the structure of causal propagators. Explicit causal representations of loop topologies with up-to nine vertices are provided.
Subcritical polarisations of symplectic manifolds have degree one
Authors: Geiges Hansjörg , Sporbeck Kevin , Zehmisch Kai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe show that if the complement of a Donaldson hypersurface in a closed, integral symplectic manifold has the homology of a subcritical Stein manifold, then the hypersurface is of degree one. In particular, this demonstrates a conjecture by Biran and Cieliebak on subcritical polarisations of symplectic manifolds. Our proof is based on a simple homological argument using ideas of Kulkarni–Wood.
Frobenius groups of low rank
Authors: Knapp Wolfgang , Schmid Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet G be a finite Frobenius group of degree n. We show, by elementary means, that n is a power of some prime p provided the rank $${\mathrm{rk}}(G)\le 3+\sqrt{n+1}$$

rk

(
G
)

≤
3
+

n
+
1

. Then the Frobenius kernel of G agrees with the (unique) Sylow p-subgroup of G. So our result implies the celebrated theorems of Frobenius and Thompson in a special situation.
Liver-targeting drugs and their effect on blood glucose and hepatic lipids
Authors: Gastaldelli Amalia , Stefan Norbert , Häring Hans-Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe global epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) and the high prevalence among individuals with type 2 diabetes has attracted the attention of clinicians specialising in liver disorders. Many drugs are in the pipeline for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH, and several glucose-lowering drugs are now being tested specifically for the treatment of liver disease. Among these are nuclear hormone receptor agonists (e.g. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, farnesoid X receptor agonists and liver X receptor agonists), fibroblast growth factor-19 and -21, single, dual or triple incretins, sodium–glucose cotransporter inhibitors, drugs that modulate lipid or other metabolic pathways (e.g. inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1) or drugs that target the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. We have reviewed the metabolic effects of these drugs in relation to improvement of diabetic hyperglycaemia and fatty liver disease, as well as peripheral metabolism and insulin resistance.
Graphical abstract
Patientenspezifische Instrumentierung und Totalendoprothesen am Knie
Authors: Mathis Dominic T. , Hirschmann Michael T. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die patientenspezifische Instrumentierung (PSI) ist eine vielversprechende neue Technologie in der orthopädischen Chirurgie, die das Ziel verfolgt, die Implantationstechnik der Knietotalendoprothese (Knie-TEP) im Vergleich zur konventionellen Instrumentierung zu vereinfachen und präziser zu machen. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, Vorteile und Grenzen der PSI für die primäre Knie-TEP zu beschreiben.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine umfassende Literaturrecherche zum Thema PSI in der Knieprothetik hinsichtlich Evidenz für Planung, Präzision, klinische Ergebnisse, intraoperative Parameter sowie Kosten und Effizienz.

Ergebnisse
Die dreidimensionale Computertomographie (CT) weist in der präoperativen Planung der Knie-TEP eine höhere Genauigkeit auf als 2‑D-Röntgenaufnahmen. Die meisten Arbeiten postulierten keine signifikanten Effekte zugunsten der Genauigkeit der PSI gegenüber der Standard-Knie-TEP. Aber sie berichteten auch nicht, dass die Genauigkeit mit PSI schlechter sei. Hinsichtlich des klinischen Outcomes gibt es genügend Konsens unter den veröffentlichten Studien, um festzuhalten, dass es kurz- und mittelfristig keinen Unterschied zwischen Patienten gibt, die mit PSI oder konventioneller Technik operiert wurden. Eine große Metaanalyse konnte weder eine kürzere Operationszeit noch eine geringere Komplikationsrate für die PSI-Knie-TEP feststellen. Lediglich der intraoperative Blutverlust erwies sich als niedriger im Vergleich zur Standardtechnik, jedoch mit unveränderter Transfusionsrate. Kosteneffektivitätsanalysen lassen schlussfolgern, dass die PSI aktuell (noch) nicht kosteneffektiv ist.

Diskussion
Obwohl die aktuell vorliegenden Studienergebnisse die PSI-Technologie hinsichtlich vieler messbaren Kriterien nicht eindeutig von der Standardtechnik abheben, zeigt die PSI viele theoretische und praktische Vorteile.
Homophilic and heterophilic cadherin bond rupture forces in homo- or hetero-cellular systems measured by AFM-based single-cell force spectroscopy
Authors: Viji Babu Prem Kumar , Mirastschijski Ursula , Belge Ganzanfer , Radmacher Manfred 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCadherins enable intercellular adherens junctions to withstand tensile forces in tissues, e.g. generated by intracellular actomyosin contraction. In-vitro single molecule force spectroscopy experiments can reveal cadherin–cadherin extracellular region binding dynamics such as bond formation and strength. However, characterization of cadherin-presenting cell homophilic and heterophilic binding in the proteins’ native conformational and functional states in living cells has rarely been done. Here, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) to measure rupture forces of homophilic and heterophilic bond formation of N- (neural), OB- (osteoblast) and E- (epithelial) cadherins in living fibroblast and epithelial cells in homo- and hetero-cellular arrangements, i.e., between cells and cadherins of the same and different types. In addition, we used indirect immunofluorescence labelling to study and correlate the expression of these cadherins in intercellular adherens junctions. We showed that N/N and E/E-cadherin homophilic binding events are stronger than N/OB heterophilic binding events. Disassembly of intracellular actin filaments affects the cadherin bond rupture forces suggesting a contribution of actin filaments in cadherin extracellular binding. Inactivation of myosin did not affect the cadherin rupture force in both homo- and hetero-cellular arrangements, but particularly strengthened the N/OB heterophilic bond and reinforced the other cadherins’ homophilic bonds.
Spatially Quasi-Periodic Water Waves of Infinite Depth
Authors: Wilkening Jon , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe formulate the two-dimensional gravity-capillary water wave equations in a spatially quasi-periodic setting and present a numerical study of solutions of the initial value problem. We propose a Fourier pseudo-spectral discretization of the equations of motion in which one-dimensional quasi-periodic functions are represented by two-dimensional periodic functions on a torus. We adopt a conformal mapping formulation and employ a quasi-periodic version of the Hilbert transform to determine the normal velocity of the free surface. Two methods of time-stepping the initial value problem are proposed, an explicit Runge–Kutta (ERK) method and an exponential time-differencing (ETD) scheme. The ETD approach makes use of the small-scale decomposition to eliminate stiffness due to surface tension. We perform a convergence study to compare the accuracy and efficiency of the methods on a traveling wave test problem. We also present an example of a periodic wave profile containing vertical tangent lines that is set in motion with a quasi-periodic velocity potential. As time evolves, each wave peak evolves differently, and only some of them overturn. Beyond water waves, we argue that spatial quasi-periodicity is a natural setting to study the dynamics of linear and nonlinear waves, offering a third option to the usual modeling assumption that solutions either evolve on a periodic domain or decay at infinity.
Pars-plana-Vitrektomie – von Saug-Schneide-Systemen bis hin zur Ultraschalltechnik
Authors: Deuchler Svenja , Knoch Timo , Papour Asael , Kohnen Thomas , Koch Frank 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungUm 1970 herum wurde erstmals ein Schneidegerät, in welches ein Infusions- und ein Aspirationskanal integriert wurden – der „vitreous infusion suction cutter“ (V.I.S.C) –, standardmäßig für die Entfernung des Glaskörpers angewandt. Schneidesysteme haben sich von da an immer weiter entwickelt. Schallenergie blieb lange den Vorderabschnittschirurgien vorbehalten. Ab 2020 kann in Form der Vitesse™ Schall auch für den Hinterabschnitt genutzt werden. Bei diesem Verfahren der Liquifizierungstechnik wird Ultraschallenergie auf ein einzelnes, großes inneres Lumen übertragen, das den Port der Nadel mechanisch in Schwingung versetzt. Diese Hochgeschwindigkeitsvibrationen scheren den Glaskörper an den Portkanten ab, bevor er in die Nadel eintritt. Dieser Mechanismus minimiert die Traktion des Glaskörpers und ermöglicht eine schnellere Aspiration bei niedrigerem Vakuum im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Schneidesystemen. Diese Vorteile können zu einer sichereren und effizienteren vitreoretinalen Chirurgie führen.
Angehörige von Patienten mit Demenz als Bindeglied und Vermittler im Akutkrankenhaus
Authors: Greskötter Jasmin M. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Den Bedürfnissen von Patienten mit Demenz kann im organisations- und ablauforientierten Akutkrankenhaus kaum Rechnung getragen werden. Um dennoch eine gelingende Interaktion zwischen Patienten und medizinisch-pflegerischem Fachpersonal herzustellen, wird die Bedeutung von Angehörigen als Bindeglied und Vermittler betrachtet.

Ziel
Aus Publikationen zu ähnlichen Themen wird abgeleitet, welche Bedingungen Angehörige benötigen, um als Bindeglied und Vermittler agieren zu können.

Material und Methode
In den Datenbanken Medline (PubMed), Cochrane, CINAHL und GeroLit erfolgte eine systematische Recherche.

Ergebnisse
Aus der vorliegenden Literatur lassen sich Gründe für die Begleitung durch Angehörige skizzieren, ihre Tätigkeiten im Akutkrankenhaus beschreiben sowie hinderliche und förderliche Faktoren darlegen.

Diskussion
Angehörige sind bereits als Bindeglied und Vermittler zwischen den Patienten mit Demenz und dem Krankenhauspersonal tätig. Dabei treten sie für den Patienten als Fürsprecher ein und stehen den Fachkräften als Experten und Berater zur Verfügung. Für das Gelingen dieser Aufgabe gibt es Bedingungen, welche die Vermittlungstätigkeit fördern oder erschweren.
Annual trends in Google searches provides insights related to rhinosinusitis exacerbations
Authors: Liu David T. , Schally Martin , Schneider Sven , Eckl-Dorna Julia , Phillips Katie M. , Mueller Christian A. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Besser Gerold 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Temporal trends of disease-specific internet searches may provide novel insights into seasonal dynamics of disease burden and, by extension, disease pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to define the temporal trends in rhinosinusitis-specific internet searches.

Methods
This was a cross sectional analysis of search volume for predefined search terms. Google trends was used to explore the volume of searches for five specific search terms related to rhinosinusitis: nose, mucus, sinus, sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, which were entered into Google web search between 2004 and 2019. Results were analyzed within search “context” which included temporally associated related searches. Relative search volume (RSV) was analyzed for English and non-English speaking countries from the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Analysis of seasonality was performed using the cosinor model.

Results
The five specific search terms were most related to rhinosinusitis-related search contexts, indicating that they were appropriately reflective of internet queries by patients for rhinosinusitis. The RSV for rhinosinusitis-related terms and more general search terms increased with each passing year indicating constant interest in rhinosinusitis. Cosinor time series analysis revealed inquiry peaks in winter months for all five specific rhinosinusitis-related search terms independent from the hemisphere.

Conclusion
Over a 15-year period, Google searches with rhinosinusitis-specific search terms consistently peaked during the winter around the world. These findings indirectly support the model of viral infection or exposure as the predominant cause of acute rhinosinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Respiratory parameters on diagnostic sleep studies predict survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Engel Markus , Glatz Christian , Helmle Cornelia , Young Peter , Dräger Bianca , Boentert Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), respiratory muscle involvement and sleep-disordered breathing relate to worse prognosis. The present study investigated whether respiratory outcomes on first-ever sleep studies predict survival in patients with ALS, specifically taking into account subsequent initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV).

Methods
From patients with ALS, baseline sleep study records, transcutaneous capnometry, early morning blood gas analysis, survival data and clinical disease characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were stratified according to whether enduring NIV was consecutively established (“NIV(+)”) or not (“NIV(–)”).

Results
Among the study cohort (n = 158, 72 female, 51 with bulbar onset ALS, 105 deceased) sleep-disordered breathing was present at baseline evaluation in 97 patients. Early morning base excess (EMBE) > 2 mmol/l predicted nocturnal hypercapnia. Ninety-five patients were NIV(+) and 63 were NIV(–). Survival from baseline sleep studies was significantly reduced in NIV(–) but not in NIV(+) patients with nocturnal CO2 tension ≥ 50 mmHg, apnea hypopnea index ≥ 5/h, and EMBE > 2 mmol/l. Hazard ratio for EMBE > 2 mmol/l was increased in NIV(–) patients only, and EMBE independently predicted survival in both NIV(–) and NIV(+) patients. Furthermore, EMBE on baseline sleep studies was the only predictor for survival from symptom onset, and hazard ratio for shorter survival was markedly higher in the NIV(–) than the NIV(+) group (2.85, p = 0.005, vs. 1.71, p = 0.042).
Interpretation: In patients with ALS, EMBE > 2 mmol/l predicts nocturnal hypercapnia and shorter survival. Negative effects of sleep-disordered breathing on survival are statistically abolished by sustained NIV.
Surgical treatment of liver metastases from non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine carcinomas
Authors: Bauschke Astrid , Altendorf-Hofmann Annelore , Homman Merten , Manger Thomas , Pertschy Jörg , Helfritzsch Herry , Göbel Hubert , Settmacher Utz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In the literature, results after surgical treatment of non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases (NCNNLM) are reported that are often inferior to those from colorectal liver metastases. The selection of patients with favorable tumor biology is currently still a matter of discussion.

Materials/methods
The retrospective data analysis was based on data that were collected for the multicenter study “Role of surgical treatment for non-colorectal liver metastases” in county Thuringia.

Results
For the study, 637 patients were included from 1995 to 2018. 5 and 10-year survival of R0 resected patients were 33% and 19%, respectively. In the multi-variate analysis of the entire group, sex, timing, disease-free interval, number of metastases, R-classification as well as lymph node status of the primary lesion showed an independent statistical influence on the 5-year survival. In the group of R0 resected patients, disease-free interval, number of metastases and lymph node status of the primary lesion influenced the 5-year survival in the multi-variate analysis. In kidney malignancies, R-classification, timing and number of liver metastases were statistically significant in the multi-variate analysis of the 5-year survival, in mamma carcinomas only the R-classification.

Conclusion
The Adam score identifies some risk factors which influence prognosis in most but not in all tumor entities. For kidney cancer and breast cancer it can be simplified.
Laparoscopic gastrectomy for stage II and III advanced gastric cancer: long‑term follow‑up data from a Western multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Bracale Umberto , Merola Giovanni , Pignata Giusto , Andreuccetti Jacopo , Dolce Pasquale , Boni Luigi , Cassinotti Elisa , Olmi Stefano , Uccelli Matteo , Gualtierotti Monica , Ferrari Giovanni , De Martini Paolo , Bjelović Miloš , Gunjić Dragan , Silvestri Vania , Pontecorvi Emanuele , Peltrini Roberto , Pirozzi Felice , Cuccurullo Diego , Sciuto Antonio , Corcione Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere has been an increasing interest for the laparoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer, especially among Eastern surgeons. However, the oncological effectiveness of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy (LG) for Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC) remains a subject of debate, especially in Western countries where limited reports have been published. The aim of this paper is to retrospectively analyze short- and long-term results of LG for AGC in a real-life Western practice.Materials and methodsAll consecutive cases of LG with D2 lymphadenectomy for AGC performed from January 2005 to December 2019 at seven different surgical departments were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was diseases-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), number of retrieved lymph nodes, postoperative morbidity and conversion rate.ResultsA total of 366 patients with stage II and III AGC underwent either total or subtotal LG. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 25 ± 14. The mean hospital stay was 13 ± 10 days and overall postoperative morbidity rate 27.32%, with severe complications (grade ≥ III) accounting for 9.29%. The median follow-up was 36 ± 16 months during which 90 deaths occurred, all due to disease progression. The DFS and OS probability was equal to 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.89) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.92–0.97) at 1 year, 0.62 (95% CI 0.55–0.69) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.56–0.71) at 5 years, respectively.ConclusionOur study has led us to conclude that LG for AGC is feasible and safe in the general practice of Western institutions when performed by trained surgeons.
Schmerzmanagement in der Inneren Medizin
Authors: Emons M. I. , Scheeper-von der Born T. H. , Petzke F. , Ellenrieder V. , Reinhardt L. , Meißner W. , Erlenwein J. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Seit Jahren werden Defizite der Qualität der Schmerztherapie im Krankenhaus beschrieben. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, Strukturen und Prozesse des Schmerzmanagements in internistischen Abteilungen darzustellen.

Material und Methoden
Die Datenerfassung erfolgte mittels eines standardisierten Telefoninterviews (nichtuniversitäre Abteilungen); bei universitären Abteilungen separat mittels eines Onlinefragebogens (SurveyMonkey®).

Ergebnisse
Daten von 139 nichtuniversitären Abteilungen (Rücklauf: 21 %) und 33 universitären Abteilungen (davon 21 vollständig beantwortete Fragebögen, Rücklauf 17 % bzw. 11 %) wurden erhoben. 441 von 619 kontaktierten nichtuniversitären Abteilungen lehnten die Teilnahme ausdrücklich ab, am häufigsten mit der Begründung, es bestünde kein Interesse am Thema Schmerzmanagement. In den 172 teilnehmenden Einrichtungen wurde Schmerz als eigenständiger Parameter in 89 % der nichtuniversitären Abteilungen (96 % universitär) regelmäßig während der Visite erfasst; schriftliche Behandlungsstandards zur Schmerztherapie lagen in 57 % der nichtuniversitären Abteilungen vor (54 % universitär). In 76 % der nichtuniversitären Krankenhäuser (100 % universitär) stand auch für die internistischen Patienten ein Akutschmerzdienst zur Mitbehandlung zur Verfügung, schriftliche Vereinbarungen zur Zusammenarbeit lagen bei 35 % vor (18 % universitär).

Diskussion
Die berichtete Umsetzung des Schmerzmanagements war in den teilnehmenden Abteilungen gut. Gleichwohl sind die Ergebnisse bei niedriger Teilnahme und häufiger Ablehnung mit der Begründung einer fehlenden Relevanz nur eingeschränkt aussagekräftig. Die erfassten Daten reflektieren daher vermutlich eine erhebliche positive Selektion und sind nicht als repräsentativ für das Schmerzmanagement in der inneren Medizin zu werten.
Changes in oral health-related quality of life after treatment of hypersensitive molar incisor hypomineralization–affected molars with a sealing
Authors: Bekes Katrin , Amend Stefanie , Priller Julia , Zamek Claudia , Stamm Tanja , Krämer Norbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before and after treatment of hypersensitive molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) with a sealing.MethodsThirty-eight children with two MIH-affected molars showing hypersensitivity and non-occlusal breakdowns were included. Hypersensitivity was assessed with an evaporative (air) stimulus. Two affected teeth were sealed by two calibrated operators using a split-mouth design: Clinpro Sealant in combination with Scotchbond Universal, and Ketac Universal (3M), respectively. OHRQoL was measured using the German version of the CPQ8–10 (CPQ-G8–10) at baseline, and after 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively.ResultsThe CPQ total score decreased significantly from a mean of 14.7 (±5.9) to 6.4 (±4.7) (p< 0.001) 1 week after treatment revealing improved OHRQoL. After 12 weeks, OHRQoL improved again proven by a decreased mean score of 2.7 (±3.2).ConclusionsSealing of hypersensitive MIH-affected molars revealed a significant improvement of OHRQoL immediately and throughout the 12-week follow-up.Clinical relevanceHypersensitivity can be a major complaint in patients with MIH. This is the first study evaluating the effect of sealing on OHRQoL in affected patients.
Neuroimmune system-mediated renal protection mechanisms
Authors: Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in organisms. Recent studies have shown that it also controls inflammation by directly altering the function of the immune system. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is one of the neural circuits operating through the vagus nerve. Acetylcholine released from the terminal of the vagus nerve, which is a parasympathetic nerve, acts on the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of macrophages and reduces inflammation in the body. Previous animal studies demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation reduced renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. Furthermore, restraint stress and pulsed ultrasound had similar protective effects against kidney injury, which were mainly thought to be mediated by the CAP. Using optogenetics, which can stimulate specific nerves, it was also revealed that activation of the CAP by restraint stress was mediated by C1 neurons in the medulla oblongata. Nevertheless, there still remain many unclear points regarding the role of the nervous and immune systems in controlling renal diseases, and further research is needed.