bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Wi-Fi Direct average time to discovery: A Global Channel Randomization Approach
Authors: Mbala Remy Maxime , Fotsa-Mbogne David Jaures , NLONG Jean Michel , Menoukeu-Pamen Olivier , Kala-Kamdjoug Jean Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to propose concrete time reduction strategies for discovery of Wi-Fi Direct in Android. To achieve our goals, we perform a fairly general mathematical modeling of the discovery of devices using Poisson processes. Subsequently, under asymptotic invariance hypotheses of certain distributions, we derive formulas for the expected time to discovery. We provide suﬃcient condition for fast convergence to an invariant distribution and determine key decision parameters (jumps intensities) that minimize the average time to discovery. We also propose a predictive model for rapid evaluation of these optimal discovery parameters. Experimental tests in an emulator are also conducted to validate the theoretical results obtained. A comparative performance study is done with some optimization approaches from literature. Compared with existing methods, the improvement of the average time discovery we obtained with the proposed method is above 98.34%.
Evaluation of Fruit Extracts Influence on the Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Rods to the Bactericidal Action of Human Serum
Authors: Cisowska Agnieszka , Gabrielska Janina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study determined the influence of the methanol (ME) and water (WE) fruit extracts obtained from eight species of Rosaceae and Grossulariacae family on the susceptibility of Escherichia coli rods to the lytic action of normal human serum (NHS). Bacteria were incubated for 24 h in tryptic soy broth with varying concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg ml-1) of raspberry, cherry, hawthorn, dog rose, gooseberry, chokeberry, quince, and Japanese quince extracts and then the bactericidal activity of NHS was established. We found that the resistance of E. coli rods to the bactericidal action of serum was altered by prior incubation with all tested extracts and was dependent on plant extract concentration. Among the tested extracts, gooseberry (both ME and WE), raspberry ME and cherry WE were responsible for the most profound changes in serum resistance of E. coli rods. Evaluation of the antimicrobial mechanisms of action of phenolics-rich plant extracts has the potential to impact the development of novel compounds with promising applications in food and biopharmaceutical industry or medical approaches to preventing and treating pathogenic infections.
Enhanced Cloud Method (E-Cloud) for Efficient Seismic Fragility Assessment of Structures
Authors: Zhuang Lujie , Pang Yutao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cloud analysis is based on linear regression in the logarithmic space by using least squares, in which a large number of nonlinear dynamic analyses are usually suggested to ensure the accuracy of this method. So, it needs significant computational effort to establish fragility curves especially for the complicated structures. The present paper proposed the Enhanced Cloud Method (E-Cloud) to enhance the efficiency but maintain the accuracy of the Cloud method. The basic concept of the proposed “E-Cloud” aims to utilize both maximum and additional seismic responses with corresponding intensity measures (IMs) from ground motions for the logarithmic linear regression of the Cloud method. Since the nonlinear time-history responses can be transferred to the Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP)-IM curve at the duration when the ground motion is intensifying, the additional seismic responses at different IM levels (i.e., potential Cloud points) can be selected from this EDP-IM curve. These potential Cloud points are combined with maximum seismic responses for the regression so as to reduce the required number of dynamic analyses in Cloud analysis. The proposed “E-Cloud” method is applied for the case study of a typical RC frame structure. By comparison of the obtained probabilistic seismic demand models and fragility curves from “E-Cloud” method to Cloud analysis, it is demonstrated that the E-Cloud method can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the Cloud analysis, which also leads to accurate and stable results for the seismic fragility assessment of structures.
Knowledge and Attitudes of antenatal towards intimate partner violence in The Gambia: a cross-sectional study in rural health facilities
Authors: Jatta Joseph W. , Ouedraogo Jean Claude R. P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIntimate partner violence is a severe public health and human right issue that 1 in 3 women experience in their lifetime. Women's knowledge and attitudes towards intimate partner violence might importantly determine who experiences violence from an intimate partner. This study aimed at analysing the knowledge and attitudes of antenatal towards intimate partner violence.MethodsThis study employed a descriptive cross-sectional technique to meet its objectives. Pregnant women seeking antenatal care were selected from 6 public healthcare facilities in the Gambia's upper river region (URR). We used the single proportion formula to calculate the sample size, which was 373 women. Data were entered, cleaned and analysed using SPSS version 21.ResultsA good majority of the participants had an overall good knowledge about IPV (77%). The most common behaviours of intimate partner violence known to the women were denial of money to hurt her (80.2%). Only 58% of the women knew that partners insisting on knowing where his wife is always and expecting the wife to ask for permission before seeking healthcare for herself was a form of violence against them.Eighty-seven per cent (87%) of the participants had a negative attitude towards IPV (i.e., they were not precisely against the stated forms of violence perpetrated by their partners). When asked about what would warrant them to leave their partners, 67% acclaimed they would never leave their partners despite facing violence from them. According to 36% of the respondents, women stay in abusive marriages because of their children.ConclusionDespite the relatively high knowledge of intimate partner violence among pregnant women, their attitudes tell a different story, which is acceptance of violent behaviour from their partners. More work needs to be done to sensitise women on their rights to prevent intimate partner violence.
Virulence Genotype and Clinical Influence of the Type VI Secretion System in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates Causing Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Zhang Yin , Huang Ying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) causes bloodstream infection (BSI), which is responsible for a high rate of morbidity and mortality among different populations. In mainland China, data on the incidence and features of the T6SS gene cluster in K. pneumoniae is currently scarce. As a result, we conducted a prospective investigation to determine the involvement of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in K. pneumoniae pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance.MethodIn this retrospective analysis, we enrolled 119 individuals who had been diagnosed with K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection and acquired demographic and clinical data from their medical records. The virulence genes rmpA, rmpA2, aerobactin, iroB, hcp, vgrG, and icmF were tested for K1 and K2, antimicrobial susceptibility. T6SS positive strains (N=20) were identified as having icmF, vgrG, and hcp, while T6SS negative strains (N=99) did not manifest the same. In this study, hvKP was defined as rmpA and aerobactin positivity. Five T6SS+ and five T6SS- isolates were chosen for the competition, serum resistance, and biofilm formation experiments to further gain insights regarding the microbiological properties of T6SS+ K. pneumoniae isolates.ResultAmong 119 isolates obtained from patients with BSIs, 20 (16.8%) were T6SS positive K. pneumoniae. T6SS positive strains had four virulence genes and a greater K1 capsular serotypes rate than T6SS negative bacteria. Among hvKP isolates, the T6SS positive rate was substantially greater than the T6SS negative rate (P = 0.001). T6SS-positive K. pneumoniae strains had a lower rate of antimicrobial resistance in comparison to T6SS-negative bacteria. The 30-day mortality in all patients was 23.1%, and 66.7% (26 patients) of them died in the first 7 days of bacteremia onset. The T6SS genotype determined no significant differences in early (7-day) mortality. On the other hand, late mortality among patients with T6SS+ isolates were 10% compared with 37.4% among patients infected by T6SS− strains (P = 0.01). In comparison to T6SS-negative isolates, K. pneumoniae isolates with T6SS-positive might outcompete Escherichia coli. T6SS+ isolates, on the other hand, did not show stronger biofilm-forming activity or a greater survival rate in presence of normal human serum in comparison to T6SS– isolates.ConclusionIndividuals with BSIs were more likely to have T6SS-positive K. pneumoniae. T6SS+ K. pneumoniae strains appeared to be extremely virulent. In T6SS‐containing K. pneumoniae, the system may play a major role in bacterial competition.
Respiratory Morbidities and Lung Function Abnormalities in Survivors of Bhopal Gas Disaster: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: De Sajal , Banerjee Nalok , Sabde Yogesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Respiratory morbidities remained major morbidities among the survivors of the Bhopal gas disaster. We hypothesized that underlying lung function abnormalities, especially small airway dysfunctions (SAD), were responsible for persistent respiratory morbidity.
Material and methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study between 2018 and 2020 in the severely exposed cohort of the Bhopal gas disaster. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect respiratory symptoms. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) and spirometry were used for assessing lung functions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association.
Results
Total 916 individuals (men: 442) participated. The mean age was 55.2 ± 12.3 years. Breathlessness was a predominant respiratory complaint (71.7%), followed by cough (15.1%). Five hundred fifty-eight individuals participated in lung function assessment. The R5 > ULN (upper limit of normal), R5 − 19 >ULN, and X5 < LLN (lower limit of normal) were observed in 29.3%, 23.3%, and 21.2% participants, respectively. Normal, obstructive, and restrictive spirometry was observed in 46.2%, 26.1%, and 27.7% of participants, respectively. Abnormalities in FOT parameters were observed in 25.3% of individuals with normal spirometry. Individuals with obstructive spirometry had the highest risk of abnormal FOT parameters (adj OR:3.93, 95% CI: 2.24–6.89). Breathlessness showed a significant association with abnormal R5 (adj OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.13–2.91) and obstructive spirometry (adj OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.29–3.95).
Conclusion
Assessment of small airway functions, in addition to spirometry, will help to identify complex lung function abnormalities in the population exposed to toxic inhalation.
A Study on the Compliance, Risk Perception and Attitude of University of Khartoum Medical Students to Safety Measures Against COVID-19 during the Period of Lockdown, Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Ali Mustafa Mohamed Ibrahim , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

COVID-19 is a novel respiratory infectious disease. Preventive measures against COVID-19 include facemask use, physical distancing and good sanitation and hygiene practices. Risk perception of COVID-19 is important in prevention. Lockdown was imposed in Sudan in early 2020.
The study aims to:

study the compliance, risk perception and attitude of University of Khartoum Medical Students to safety measures during the period of COVID-19 lockdown.
Methodology:

An observational descriptive cross sectional study, institutional based at the University of Khartoum, Faculty of Medicine in 435 students selected via proportionate stratified random sampling through a self-administered semi- structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Pearson and Mann Whitney U test were used to measure associations.
Result

Out of 435 participants, a mean adherence of 57.7%, mean risk perception of 73.6% were elicited. And 80.3% had a positive attitude towards lockdown. Adherence had significant association with gender and risk perception. Risk perception had no significant relation with gender.
Conclusion

In conclusion, adherence to preventive measures among medical students of the University of Khartoum was poor. Risk Perception was high. Attitude towards lockdown was positive.
Implementation of NATO standards in the training system for the Security Service of Ukraine
Authors: Melnyk Serhii , Cherviakov Olexandr 
Published: June 2021

Incorporation of North Atlantic Alliance standards into domestic legislation, that governs relations in the security and defense sector is one of the key requirements for Ukraine to obtain a NATO Membership Action Plan and further deepen Euro-Atlantic integration with a view to acquiring Alliance membership. An Important condition for these tasks is the implementation of NATO standards and procedures in the legislation governing military education. In the process of standardizing and achieving the state of compatibility of the security and defense sector of Ukraine with the relevant NATO forces, the specificity of the application of standards in improving the system of training specialists for the Security Service of Ukraine should be highlighted separately. According to this development course, military education today includes formal and informal (general training) components, and the improvement of professional competence (special training). Professional training of military specialist according to NATO standards is carried out at the appropriate levels of management: operational, tactical, strategic. It remains compulsory for officers to have received a higher education in the relevant educational programs. Taking into account the specific nature of the professional activities of the members of the special service, the tasks assigned to them and the functions performed for that purpose, namely, countering intelligence and subversive activities, combating terrorism, counter-intelligence and defending national statehood, Ensuring the security of the State in cyberspace, etc., the training system for the Security Service may be differentiated according to its functional direction and institutionalized in the military education system or outside it. At the same time, an important basis for the development of the educational component in the Security Service of Ukraine will remain the recruitment of teaching staff from among persons with practical experience. Despite the format of the model chosen, training for the security forces should be based on NATO standards, with a conceptually new piece of legislation.
A novel remote sensing method to determine reservoir characteristic curves using high-resolution data
Authors: Guan Tiesheng , Xu Qin , Chen Xing , Cai Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A novel method of determining reservoir characteristic curves based on high-resolution resource satellite data was proposed in this paper, using remote sensing processing and analysis technology. According to the physical characteristics of absorption, radiation and reflection of surface water on ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared bands, etc., the satellite images at different reservoir water level and different periods were processed to analyze the relationship of measured water level corresponding to the water area. Based on the relationship, the relevance among reservoir water level, water surface area, and reservoir capacity was established, so as to determine the reservoir characteristic curve. The method was applied and validated at Jinshuitan Reservoir and Shitang Reservoir in the Ou River Basin. The results show that this method has high accuracy, and the maximum relative error between calculating values and measured values at different water level are −2.33% and −2.11% in Jinshuitan Reservoir and Shitang Reservoir, respectively. The method improves the convenience of determining the reservoir characteristic curve greatly, and the storage capacity of the reservoir can be calculated rapidly by this method.
New green electrode materials derived from waste cigarette butts for capacitive deionization
Authors: Yang Ying , Mao Shudi , Li Zhe , Sun Zhuo , Zhao Ran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Smoked cigarette butts are a non-biodegradable pollutant that has damaged the planet. However, carbon materials derived from cigarette butts have proven to be suitable for various applications. We synthesized cigarette butt-derived carbon via hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation methods and then converted it to an electrode material for capacitive deionization. The fabricated material, SCC-750, exhibited a relatively high salt adsorption capacity of 10.27 mg g−1. The excellent CDI (capacitive deionization) performance is due to the high specific surface area of 3,093.10 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 1.754 cm3 g−1. This work offers a new method to recycle harmful cigarette butts by converting them into promising electrode materials for capacitive deionization.
Simulation and optimization of hydraulic performance of small baffled subsurface flow constructed wetland
Authors: Wang Rongzhen , Xu Lirong , Xu Xiangxi , Xu Zhenghe , Cong Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The water body inside the constructed wetland is affected by various factors, and the flow state is relatively complicated. There will always be a certain degree of low velocity area and rapid outflow phenomenon, which makes part of the space in the wetland unable to be effectively used. Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology, this paper uses Fluent's porous media model and discrete phase model to establish a hydrodynamic model of up and down baffled subsurface flow constructed wetland system. The internal flow field of the wetland is simulated, and the hydraulic performance of different baffle settings and substrate laying methods in the wetland is systematically evaluated. The results show that when the number of baffles is the same, the hydraulic efficiency is higher when the first baffle is located on the lower part of the substrate. Compared with the position of the baffle, the increase in the number of baffles does not significantly improve the hydraulic efficiency of the constructed wetland. The substrate layer thickness ratio has a significant effect on the two parameters of the variance of the hydraulic residence time distribution (σ2) and the flow divergence (σ02). By increasing the thickness of the middle substrate, the low flow rate phenomenon caused by the small porosity substrate area of the upper layer and the rapid outflow phenomenon of the lower substrate can be improved to a certain extent, the utilization efficiency of the middle substrate layer is improved, and the hydraulic performance is increased. The research results are of great significance for improving the utilization of wetland space and ensuring its efficient decontamination and purification function.
Is Quercetin Beneficial for Colon Cancer? A Cell Culture Study, Using the Apoptosis Pathways
Authors: Özgöçmen Meltem , Bayram Dilek , Armağan İlkay , Türel Gülçin Yavuz , Sevimli Murat , Şenol Nurgül 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Quercetin (QCT) is a dietary flavonoid with many beneficial effects (e.g., antioxidant, antiaging,
antidiabetic, antifungal effects, and regulation of gastrointestinal motor activity in human); furthermore, it induces
apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation.

Objective:
The apoptotic effects of OCT were investigated on SW480 human colon cancer cell lines in monolayer and
spheroid cultures.

Methods:
Quercetin (40–200 μM) was applied, and Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) doses were determined for three
time intervals (24, 48, and 72 h). The effective dose was determined and applied for analyses, including staining with
BrdU to investigate cell proliferation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) to investigate
apoptosis, and caspase-3 and Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) to investigate caspase-dependent or independent
apoptotic pathways.

Results:
The effective dose of QCT was determined to be 200 μM and was found to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell
proliferation at 24, 48, and 72 h,both in 2D and 3D cultures. Significant increases were observed in both caspase-3 and
AIF staining, but cells showed greater caspase-3 staining compared with AIF staining at all time intervals (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
The QCT treatment groups showed more cell death and less cell growth compared with the untreated
control groups in both 2D and 3D cultures of SW480 cell lines. The results suggest that quercetin induces apoptosis,
inhibits cell proliferation, and has a protective role against colon cancer. However, further studies are needed to clarify
its mechanism of action.
Commentary to “Nurse-Physician Communication Team Training in Virtual Reality Versus Live Simulations: Randomized Controlled Trial on Team Communication and Teamwork Attitudes” by Sok Ying Liaw et al, J Med Internet Res, 2020 (Preprint)
Authors: Ghanbari-Afra Leila , Sharifi Khadijeh 
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

An article entitled " Nurse-Physician Communication Team Training in Virtual Reality Versus Live Simulations: Randomized Controlled Trial on Team Communication and Teamwork Attitudes" was published in the J Med Internet Res VOL. 22, NO. 4, 2020 (https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/17279) by Sok Ying Liaw et al. In this study, communication skill performances and teamwork attitudes were measured, using the Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Health Care Team (ATHCT) and Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) questionnaires among 120 undergraduate medical and nursing students. We would like to address specific issues to avoid misunderstanding of messages from the manuscript by Sok Ying Liaw et al.
1.	It would be better if the full name of the tools was mentioned in the abstract.
2.	It would have been better to pay more attention to the review of the texts and to express the existing gap, more clearly, in introduction.
3.	In the method section, random allocation of samples is not described in detail. The inclusion and exclusion criteria, the exact time and location of sample collection, the code of ethic are not mentioned.
4.	The details for the using tools are missing and consequently it is difficult to assess the tool quality and variability. Regarding the tools, the range and method of scoring, the minimum and maximum scores, the presence or absence of a reverse score, the dimensions and subgroups of the scales and designer of scale should be clearly and explicitly mentioned (1).
5.	The reason for using parametric tests is not mentioned.
6.	The information about the consent is missing.
7.	The missing and how to manage them is not mentioned.
8.	In Table 2, the title and type of statistical analysis used is vague..
9.	In the further discussion, the authors compared the studies, but interpretation in clinical application was not discussed on a solid basis.
10.	In the limitation section, doing a study in an environment it is not limitation. It is a good idea due to the reduction of confounding variables.
11.	There are no suggestions for future studies or careers in education, management, and research.