bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative Pedagogies for English Teaching: Teachers and Students Building Social Justice Together
Authors: Ortega Yecid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This reflection article reports on an eight-month critical ethnographic study in Bogotá, Colombia. I visited the classrooms of three English teachers and their secondary students from a diverse and marginalized community in the southwest part of the city. Data collected in the form of student focus groups and teacher interviews revealed how students and teachers attempted to transform their difficult living conditions. Teachers’ pedagogies provided the linguistic skills to discuss issues of injustice experienced by students in their communities and gave them hope to gain access to postgraduation academic opportunities. In this research process, I discovered that teachers create safe spaces for students to engage in meaningful English learning embedded in social justice and personal transformation pedagogies. Classroom tasks and projects developed social awareness in addressing community problems, which motivated students to change their socioeconomic conditions. Teachers hope that their pedagogical approaches inspire other teachers working in marginalized contexts to create lessons and projects that humanize relationships with communities.
A - 05 An Exploratory Study of Race-Adjusted Normative Data in Former NFL Players
Authors: M Conley , J Schaffert , CM Cullum , J Hart , N Didehbani 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Recent debate regarding the use of race-adjusted normative data (RAND) in the neuropsychological evaluation of former National Football League (NFL) players has sparked intrigue. This pilot study explored the use of RAND in a community-based sample of cognitively normal Black and White NFL retirees.

Methods
Cognitively normal Black (n = 20) and White (n = 20) NFL retirees were selected to be similar in age and education from a larger community sample of retired athletes. All participants underwent consensus neurological diagnosis and standard tests of memory, executive functioning, and language. Five tests utilized Heaton RAND (TMT A and B; FAS, Animal fluency, BNT) and four used age-and education- adjusted manual norms (RCFT, CVLT-II, WAIS-IV Coding and Digit Span). Independent samples t-tests compared raw and normative scores between Black and White retirees. ANCOVA was also used that included estimated IQ and head-injury exposure.

Results
Raw score differences (p &lt; 0.01) were observed between Black and White retirees on 3/9 tests (TMT B, BNT, Coding). No significant differences were noted between groups on TMT B and the BNT using Heaton RAND, and differences on TMT B and Coding were no longer significant after controlling for IQ. Head-injury exposure did not affect findings.

Conclusions
The use of RAND raises complex issues. In this pilot sample of Black and White NFL retirees of similar age and education, few differences were seen, and these were largely attenuated using specialized norms and/or adjustment for estimated global cognitive ability. Potential demographic and environmental influences on test scores require examination in similar populations.
A - 06 Collegiate Student-Athlete Experiences with COVID-19 and Attitudes About Returning to Sport
Authors: MA Davies , A LoGalbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
When COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, collegiate athletic departments faced the difficult decision to postpone or cancel sport activities. Aside from concerns of virus transmission, disruptions in sport impacted student-athletes broadly. This study aimed to investigate athletes’ experiences during the pandemic toward developing a better understanding of athletes’ attitudes about the virus and returning to sport.

Methods
Participants included 245 varsity student-athletes across NCAA sports and divisions who voluntarily completed an online survey between August and October 2020.

Results
A positive COVID-19 result during the pandemic was reported by 1 in 4 athletes. Mental health, cancelled seasons, and academic progress were rated the top three COVID-related concerns. Declines in physical fitness were reported by 50% of participants and change in weight was reported by 45%. While agreement that their athletic department was taking COVID-19 seriously was endorsed by 78% of athletes, 26% believed the proposed safety procedures lacked feasibility. Concern about speaking up if the procedures were not followed was endorsed by 79% of athletes. Of the participants, 88% agreed that they have a social responsibility to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Only 44% worried about being exposed to the virus during sport participation. Comfort returning to sport immediately was endorsed by 70% of student-athletes. Just over half said they would get vaccinated if the vaccine became available.

Conclusions
Student-athletes have been affected by the pandemic in several ways. It is evident that athletes are concerned about the pandemic’s impact on mental and physical health and are eager to return to sport.
A - 08 Within Subjects Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After First, Second, and Third Concussions in Adolescents
Authors: AH Feder , J French , N Blaney , SR Eagle , AP Kontos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of the current study was to examine differences in clinical outcomes between adolescents’ first, second, and third concussions.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective medical chart review of adolescents (n = 40) aged 10–19 years-old (M = 13.0;SD = 1.9;56% male) who presented for evaluation of concussion at a specialty clinic for their first (Concussion 1 = C1), second (C2), and third (C3) concussions. Clinical outcomes included Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT), Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screening (VOMS) scores from the first clinic visit for each injury, recovery time, and days between injuries. Paired samples t-tests were conducted to compare outcomes between concussions.

Results
When comparing initial presentation between C1 and C2, participants demonstrated no significant differences in ImPACT, PCSS (t[38] = 0.85, p = 0.402) or VOMS (t[34] = −0.75, p = 0.461), with the exception of faster Visual Motor Speed for C2 (t[38] = −3.45, p = 0.001). Participants demonstrated improved performance from C1 to C3 on ImPACT composites of Verbal Memory (t[38] = −4.22, p &lt; 0.001), Visual Memory (t[38] = −2.99, p = 0.005), Visual Motor Speed (t[38] = −5.14, p &lt; 0.001) and Reaction Time (t[38] = 0.11, p = 0.001). Symptom report was consistent on PCSS (t[38] = 1.80, p = 0.081) and VOMS (t[30] = −0.12, p = 0.903) between C1 and C3. Recovery time was similar comparing C1 to C2 (t[36] = −0.35,p = 0.725) and C1 to C3 (t[34] = 1.74,p = 0.090).

Conclusions
The results suggest adolescents demonstrate similar levels of symptoms, VOMS, and recovery time after first, second, and third concussions. Neurocognitive performance improved across C1 to C3, suggesting possible learning effect or improved performance with cognitive development. These results provide additional support for similarity between an athlete’s first and second concussion with further initial evidence that a third concussion does not result in worse outcomes.
A - 23 Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Concussion Profile (CP) Screen
Authors: J Preszler , RJ Elbin , S Eagle , MW Collins , AP Kontos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The Concussion Profile (CP)-screen is intended to assess symptom domains of concussion, including migraine, vestibular, ocular, mood/anxiety, and cognitive/fatigue domains. The CP-screen was developed to develop more targeted management by identifying presentation profiles. The hypothesized profile structure of the CP-screen has not yet been psychometrically validated. An a priori five-factor structure (migraine; vestibular; ocular; mood/anxiety; cognitive/fatigue) was hypothesized.

Methods
Three-hundred twenty-three patients (age M = 15.62 ± 4.03 years, 59% male; 74% sport-related) seen within 30 days of concussion (M = 7.58 ± 6.10 days) completed a medical history clinical interview and the CP-screen at their first clinical visit. Multiple confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of CP-screen items were estimated (using robust weighted least squares estimation).

Results
A CFA was completed for each factor separately and then a five-factor CFA was estimated. Model fit was evaluated using the Comparative Fit Index [CFI], Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI], Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA], and inspection of model parameters (i.e., loadings, residuals, & factor correlations). The five-factor model had excellent fit, but factor correlations indicated a second-order model was more appropriate. Thus, the final CFA included a five-factor first-order structure, with migraine, ocular, and cognitive/fatigue factors loading onto a second-order factor. All models had good fit (CFI &gt;0.965; TLI &gt; 0.96; RMSEA &lt;0.072), and all loadings were significant and substantial (&gt;0.63).

Conclusions
This is the first study to provide psychometric support for the profile structure of the CP-screen. These results also provide support for using these profiles to help target management of those with concussions.
Human host status inference from temporal microbiome changes via recurrent neural networks
Authors: Chen Xingjian , Liu Lingjing , Zhang Weitong , Yang Jianyi , Wong Ka-Chun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the rapid increase in sequencing data, human host status inference (e.g. healthy or sick) from microbiome data has become an important issue. Existing studies are mostly based on single-point microbiome composition, while it is rare that the host status is predicted from longitudinal microbiome data. However, single-point-based methods cannot capture the dynamic patterns between the temporal changes and host status. Therefore, it remains challenging to build good predictive models as well as scaling to different microbiome contexts. On the other hand, existing methods are mainly targeted for disease prediction and seldom investigate other host statuses. To fill the gap, we propose a comprehensive deep learning-based framework that utilizes longitudinal microbiome data as input to infer the human host status. Specifically, the framework is composed of specific data preparation strategies and a recurrent neural network tailored for longitudinal microbiome data. In experiments, we evaluated the proposed method on both semi-synthetic and real datasets based on different sequencing technologies and metagenomic contexts. The results indicate that our method achieves robust performance compared to other baseline and state-of-the-art classifiers and provides a significant reduction in prediction time.
The prognostic value of lymph node ratio in patients with surgically resected stage I–III small-cell lung cancer: a propensity score matching analysis of the SEER database
Authors: Yang Hao , Mei Tonghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Due to the lack of prospective studies, the role of the lymph node ratio (LNR) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the prognostic effect of LNR in surgically resected stage I–III SCLC patients.

METHODS
Clinical data of stage I–III (excluding N3 and NX) SCLC patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2016 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk subsets based on the LNR cut-off value of 0.15 using X-tile software. Propensity score matching analysis was employed to reduce bias in baseline characteristics. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to determine the overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS). Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of multiple variables.

RESULTS
A total of 978 patients were identified, of whom 669 (68.40%) had LNR ≤0.15. Patients with LNR ≤0.15 showed better OS (P &lt; 0.001) and LCSS (P &lt; 0.001) both before and after propensity score matching. Multivariable analyses of the matched population confirmed LNR as an independent prognostic factor. Patients with LNR &gt;0.15 showed poorer OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.19; P = 0.015] and LCSS (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.13–2.43; P = 0.010). Subgroup analyses revealed that LNR ≤0.15 was associated with favourable OS (P = 0.009 and 0.197, respectively) and LCSS (P = 0.010 and 0.169, respectively) in N1 and N2 patients.

CONCLUSIONS
LNR was determined as an independent predictor for surgically resected stage I–III SCLC, indicating that higher LNR is associated with reduced survival. The predictive value of LNR should to be further validated in prospective studies.
Multi-stable bacterial communities exhibit extreme sensitivity to initial conditions
Authors: Wright Erik S , Gupta Raveena , Vetsigian Kalin H 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Microbial communities can have dramatically different compositions even among similar environments. This might be due to the existence of multiple alternative stable states, yet there exists little experimental evidence supporting this possibility. Here, we gathered a large collection of absolute population abundances capturing population dynamics in one- to four-strain communities of soil bacteria with a complex life cycle in a feast-or-famine environment. This dataset led to several observations: (i) some pairwise competitions resulted in bistability with a separatrix near a 1:1 initial ratio across a range of population densities; (ii) bistability propagated to multi-stability in multispecies communities; and (iii) replicate microbial communities reached different stable states when starting close to initial conditions separating basins of attraction, indicating finite-sized regions where the dynamics are unpredictable. The generalized Lotka–Volterra equations qualitatively captured most competition outcomes but were unable to quantitatively recapitulate the observed dynamics. This was partly due to complex and diverse growth dynamics in monocultures that ranged from Allee effects to nonmonotonic behaviors. Overall, our results highlight that multi-stability might be generic in multispecies communities and, combined with ecological noise, can lead to unpredictable community assembly, even in simple environments.
Volatile fatty acid platform – a cornerstone for the circular bioeconomy
Authors: Velghe F , De Wilde F , Snellinx S , Farahbakhsh S , Belderbos E , Peral C , Wiedemann A , Hiessl S , Michels J , Pierrard M-A , Dietrich T 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Annually, the EU produces more than 100 million tonnes of urban biowaste, which is largely under-valorized and in some cases even still landfilled without any energy or material recovery. If Europe wants to be ready for the future, it will need to make better use of this large biomass potential within a circular economy approach. The research project funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme entitled ‘VOLATILE—Biowaste derived volatile fatty acid platform for biopolymers, bioactive compounds and chemical building blocks’ aimed to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from biowaste for reprocessing into products, materials or substances to close the material loop. During the project, the partners were able to obtain average volatile fatty acid yields of 627 g COD/kg organic matter (OM) for food waste, 448 g COD/kg OM for separately collected vegetable, garden and fruit waste (VGF) and 384 g COD/kg OM for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OF-MSW) at concentrations ranging from 12 to 48 g/L, 6 to 40 g/L and 13 to 26 g/L, respectively. A membrane filtration cascade consisting of micro-, ultra- and nano-filtration followed by reverse osmosis was identified as a feasible way to purify and concentrate the VFA effluent, making them a suitable carbon source for further fermentation processes. Besides technical optimization, socio-economic and legal aspects associated with this platform technology were also studied and show that although this technology is still in development, it is providing an answer to changing societal and market expectations both regarding organic waste treatment and bio-based production strategies. Based on the current technological, economic and market evolutions, it is expected that the VFAP will play an important role in organic waste treatment in the coming years.
Constrictifilum karadense gen. et sp. nov., a new Nostocalean genus from Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chavadar Mahesh , Saraf Aniket , Suradkar Archana , Mishra Deeksha , Kumar Naresh , Singh Prashant 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
A freshwater dwelling cyanobacterium (strain MKW3) was isolated from a sample collected from a water logged sugarcane field located in Malkapur, Karad, Maharashtra, India, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. In the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, strain MKW3 clustered with two misidentified strains—Nostoc sp. CENA239 and Calothrix sp. NIES2100. The phylogenetically related members included strains identified as Nostoc, Aulosira, Calothrix, Tolypothrix, Camptylonemopsis and Microchaete. The phylogenetic and the morphological analysis of the strain MKW3 indicated that it does not belong to any of the above mentioned genera. Furthermore, the 16S-23S ITS secondary structure analysis provided clear evidence indicating that strain MKW3 is different from Nostoc sp. CENA239 and Calothrix sp. NIES2100. Based on the morphological, phylogenetic and 16S-23S ITS secondary structure analysis we describe our strain as Constrictifilum karadense gen. et sp. nov. in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants.
Effects of high-speed train traffic characteristics on seismic interferometry
Authors: Liu Yujin , Yue Yubo , Luo Yi , Li Youming 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARY
Train traffic has been recognized as a powerful noise source for subsurface imaging and monitoring due to its properties of being strong, economic and repeatable. Compared with the traditional train, the high-speed train (HST) runs faster and generates vibrations that also manifest as periodical signals but with a more striking feature of sharp equidistant spectral lines in the frequency spectrum. Like the vibrations generated by the traditional train, the HST-induced vibrations can be utilized after the retrieval of interstation impulse responses using seismic interferometry. However, little attention has been paid to the characteristics of HST-induced vibrations during seismic interferometry. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of train traffic characteristics on the seismic interferometry method. We first present an alternative derivation of seismic interferometry that is not based on the assumption of uncorrelation between sources at different locations. The derivation is valid for scalar waves in 3-D and for elastic surface waves. After analysing the effects of several HST-related factors, including HST moving direction, HST carriage number, rail structure, HST speed and the stacking number of HST records, on the seismic interferometry, we find that the seismic interferometry using HST traffic noise generates crosstalk that can be effectively attenuated by stacking the interferometric results of several HSTs with slightly different speeds. This finding has been validated by the seismic interferometry of both synthetic and field HST traffic noise. We further demonstrate that the retrieved surface waves can be used to estimate near-surface velocities.
Process evaluation of the Centrally Procured School Food Program (CPSFP) in Ontario, Canada: school-level perspectives
Authors: Ismail M R , Gilliland J A , Matthews J I , Battram D S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study explored the implementation of the Centrally Procured School Food Program (CPSFP)—a free, universal, volunteer-led snack program for elementary school children. To assess participants’ perceptions and experiences with the CPSFP, interviews were conducted in school-level participants (n = 33) using a semi-structured interview guide. Fifteen on-site visits also were conducted at each school to observe implementation practices. Quantitative data were obtained through a general information form where participants provided school characteristics and weekly logbooks where they described program operations and food quality. Most participants expressed positive perceptions of the CPSFP, identifying it as a valuable program for their students. Successful program implementation was associated with an appreciation for the CPSFP and the participation of the school community. Challenges to program implementation included concerns with the volume and types of food provided, issues with classroom food delivery and distribution and communication challenges. Suggestions for improvement included building capacities and enhancing student engagement in the program. Participants provided an in-depth assessment of the implementation of the CPSFP. The lessons learned and suggestions provided may help not only enhance the reach, feasibility and fidelity of the CPSFP, but inform the best practices for similar programs.
Ultra-high Magnification Endocytoscopy and Molecular Markers for Defining Endoscopic and Histologic Remission in Ulcerative Colitis—An Exploratory Study to Define Deep Remission
Authors: Iacucci Marietta , Jeffery Louisa , Acharjee Animesh , Nardone Olga Maria , Zardo Davide , Smith Samuel C L , Bazarova Alina , Cannatelli Rosanna , Shivaji Uday N , Williams John , Gkoutos Georgios , Ghosh Subrata 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic and histological remission are both important treatment goals in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to define cellular architecture, expression of molecular markers, and their correlation with endoscopic scores assessed by ultra-high magnification endocytoscopy (ECS) and histological scores.

Methods
Patients with UC (n = 29) were prospectively recruited. The correlation among ECS score (ECSS), Mayo endoscopic score (MES), and histological scores were determined. Area under curve were plotted to determine the best thresholds for ECSS that predicted histological remission by Robarts (RHI) and Nancy Histological Index (NHI).
Soluble analytes relevant to inflammation were measured in serum and mucosal culture supernatants using ProcartaPlex Luminex assays and studied by partial least square discriminant analysis and logistic model. Mucosal RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to define differentially expressed genes/pathways.

Results
Endocytoscope scoring system correlated strongly with RHI (r = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.51–0.98) and NHI (r = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.42–0.98) but correlated poorly with MES (r = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.27–0.70). We identified soluble brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP-1 α) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) predicted histological remission. Mucosal biopsy cultures also identified sVCAM-1 associated with healed mucosa. RNA-seq analysis identified gene expressions shared between ECSS, RHI, or NHI defined healing. A number of gene expressions and pathways were identified including inflammation and metabolic and tumor suppressors that discriminated healed from nonhealed mucosa.

Conclusions
Endocytoscopy represents an interesting tool that may sit between endoscopy and histology—but closer to the latter—identifying gene expression markers and pathways that are also identified by histology.