bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased treatment adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when using a fixed triple combination
Authors: Bolotova E. V. , Dudnikova A. V. , Shulzhenko L. V. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Poor medication adherence significantly increases the likelihood of complications, which leads to a decrease in quality of life (QoL) in patients and an increase in treatment costs.Goal. To study the adherence and effectiveness of treatment in COPD patients (group D) using a fixed triple combination of vilanterol/umeclidinium bromide/fluticasone furoate (FF/UMEC/VI).Material and methods. The study included 26 male patients with severe COPD with frequent exacerbations (group D). All patients were recommended therapy with a fixed triple combination of vilanterol/umeclidinium bromide/fluticasone furoate (FF/UMEC/VI). Patients were monitored for 12 months, and the following endpoints were recorded: hospitalization due to exacerbation of COPD, progression of COPD (decrease in FEV1), and death of the patient. In addition, the dynamics of treatment adherence, the number of SAT test scores, and the level of depression on the Beck scale were evaluated.Results. After 6 months of taking a fixed triple combination of FF/UMEC/VI, there was an improvement in treatment adherence in the form of a 15.3% decrease in the proportion of non-committed patients with COPD and an increase in the proportion of patients committed to therapy by 7.7%; the average frequency of exacerbations significantly decreased, this dynamics remained by the 12th month of follow-up. After 12 months, patients with COPD showed a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of patients who were not committed to treatment and a statistically significant increase in the proportion of patients who were committed to treatment for COPD; there was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of severe depression in COPD patients; there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of patients with severe and moderate COPD influence on the quality of life.Conclusion. The results of our study confirmed the view that adherence plays a significant role in the effectiveness of treatment of COPD patients, and the use of a fixed triple combination of FF/UMEC/VI helps to increase it.
Plant Based Natural Products as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in E. Coli: A
Critical Review
Authors: Cardiliya A.P. , Selvaraj A. , Nanjan M.J. , Chandrasekar M.J.N. 
Published: November 2021

:
The existence of multidrug–resistant (MDR) E. coli (superbugs) is a global health issue
confronting humans, livestock, food processing units, and pharmaceutical industries. The quorum
sensing (QS) controlling ability of the E. coli to form biofilms has become one of the important reasons
for the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Quorum signaling activation and formation
of biofilm lead to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens increasing the therapy
difficult for treating bacterial diseases. There is a crucial need, therefore, to reinforce newer therapeutic
designs to overcome this resistance. As the infections caused by E. coli are attributed via the QSregulated
biofilm formation, easing this system by QS inhibitors is a possible strategy for treating bacterial
diseases. Plant based natural products have been reported to bind to QS receptors and interrupt
the QS systems of pathogens by inhibiting biofilm formation and disrupting the formed biofilms, thus
minimizing the chances to develop a resistance mechanism. The present report reviews critically the
QS capability of E. coli to form biofilms leading to multidrug resistant pathogens and the investigations
that have been carried out so far on plant acquired natural products as QS inhibitors.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a Potential Biomarker of Continuous Positive Airway
Pressure Therapy for Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Dang-Thi-Mai Khue , Le-Dong Nhat-Nam , Bui-Diem Khue , Vu-Tran-Thien Quan , Nguyen-Nhu Vinh , Duong-Quy Sy 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to measure the correlation between the level
of exhaled Nitric Oxide (NO) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) severity and to evaluate its
modification after Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment in severe OSA patients.

Methods:
It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Subjects were classified by mild-moderate
or severe OSA. CPAP was used for severe OSA patients and followed up for 3 months. Exhaled
NO was measured in the morning after the previous night of Respiratory Polygraphy (RPG) recording.

Results:
This study recruited 123 subjects, including 40 mild-moderate and 83 severe OSA patients.
The level of maximum bronchial NO production (J’awNO) in patients with severe OSA was
significantly higher than mild-moderate OSA [36.2 (6.1–92.2) vs. 19.6 (1.6-73.0) ppb; p=0.001)].
The level of concentration of NO in the gas phase of the alveolar (CANO) in patients with severe
OSA was lower than mild-moderate OSA [5.2 (1.2-12.7) vs. 6.9 (0.8-14.0) ppb; p=0.002). The total
flux of NO in the conducting airway compartment (J’awNO) and CANO were correlated with
an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (rho=0.25 and p=0.02; rho= 0.18 and p=0.04, respectively). There
was a weak significant correlation between J’awNO and nadir SpO2 in patients with OSA (rho =
-0.22 and p= 0.023). After 3-month treatment with CPAP, the level of J’awNO was significantly reduced
in patients with severe OSA [23.4 (12.9-44.5) vs. 33.1 (21.2-55.0); p<0.001.

Conclusion:
J’awNO is proportionally increased in patients with severe OSA and reduced after
treatment with CPAP. Thus, J’awNO may be used as a relevant and surrogate biomarker of severe
OSA.
Vaccination Coverage: Vaccine-Related Determinants & Anthropometric
Measures in Children Resident in a Rural Community in Nigeria
Authors: Ignis Iribhogbe Osede , Tomini Sonila 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Vaccination of children has played a significant role in reducing early
childhood morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases; however, some factors act
as deterrents in achieving adequate coverage in this susceptible population.

Aims & Objectives:
The study, therefore, aimed to identify vaccine-related determinants of childhood
vaccination as well as determine the relationship between childhood vaccination status and
body weight, height, and a child’s body mass index (BMI).

Methods:
The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design in which 608 caregiver-child
pair was recruited sequentially by using a two-stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaires
based on the SAGE vaccine hesitancy model were used to interview the participants. Elicited data
was analyzed and categorical variables were presented in tables and charts as frequencies, while a
chi-square test was used to test the association between the independent and dependent variables.
Pearson’s correlation analysis was also done to determine the correlation between vaccination status
and weight, height, and BMI of children.

Result:
The study showed that vaccination coverage was suboptimal (70.56%) in children and
was below the expected target of 80%. Although a few (183, 30.10%) of the respondents claimed
they would prevent the vaccination of their children due to the fear of needles, the majority
(87.50%) will be willing to accept more vaccine doses for their children if there were no pain.
While factors such as the experience of adverse reaction (X2 = 13.22, df = 2, p<0.001), crying from
pain (X2 = 11.33, df = 2, p<0.001) and the scientific evidence of safety (X2 = 34.63, df = 2,
p<0.001) were significantly associated with a complete vaccination status, vaccination status was
positively correlated with the weight (r=0.160, p<0.001), height (r=0.081, p=0.023) and BMI
(r=0.214, p<0.001) of children in the rural community.

Conclusion:
Vaccination uptake and coverage can be significantly improved in children by designing
and implementing interventional programs that target pharmaceutical and vaccine-specific factors
acting as barriers in these rural communities.
Criminal law politics on regulation of criminal actions in Indonesia
Authors: Ramadani Suci , Danil Elwi , Sabri Fadilla , Zurnetti Aria 
Published: November 2021

This paper aimed to discuss the legal politics of regulating narcotics and illegal drugs in Indonesia. Using normative legal research methods, this normative legal research focuses on an inventory of positive law, legal principles and doctrines, legal findings in cases in concreto, legal systematics, comparative law, and legal history. The writing of this scientific paper uses primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Primary legal materials are in the form of laws and regulations related to the issues raised, including Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Secondary legal materials are materials that explain primary legal materials, such as law books. The results of the research are supported by the opinions of legal experts (doctrine), as well as legal journals related to this research, among others, that narcotics legal politics is the main point in forming a legal system in the form of laws and regulations that regulate criminal acts as described above, Articles 111, 112 has a reasonably heavy prison sentence, which is a minimum of 4 years, and a maximum sentence of 20 years, even the death penalty.
Efektivitas Pengasuhan Positif untuk Menurunkan Stres Pengasuhan Ibu Bekerja dengan Anak Usia Prasekolah
Authors: Sari Meinita Fitriana , Andayani Budi 
Published: November 2021

Ibu bekerja dengan anak usia prasekolah cenderung memiliki waktu interaksi serta kelekatan yang kurang dengan anak-anak mereka. Oleh karena itu, anak cenderung meniru atau melakukan tindakan atau kata-kata yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan orang tua. Interaksi antara lingkungan orang tua dan anak yang kurang baik dapat menyebabkan orang tua mengalami masa stres, atau biasa disebut stres pengasuhan. Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengukur efektivitas program pengasuhan positif untuk menurunkan tingkat stres pengasuhan dengan meningkatkan efikasi pengasuhan pada ibu bekerja dengan anak usia prasekolah.Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah pelatihan efikasi pengasuhan dapat menurunkan tingkat stres pengasuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen kuasi dengan untreated control group pretest posttest design dengan peserta sejumlah sepuluhorang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik non parametric Mann Whitney U Test untuk mengukur perbedaan skor stres pengasuhan dan efikasi pengasuhan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dilakukan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa program pelatihan pengasuhan positif efektif dalam menurunkan stres pengasuhan pada ibu bekerja (posttest-pretest Z = -2,803 dan p = 0,005 (p<0,05)). Hasil kualitatif menunjukkan adanya perubahan dalam praktik pengasuhan pada ibu bekerja meliputi keterlibatan, pemantauan, serta pembiasaan perilaku positif.
Assessment of von Willebrand Factor/ADAMTS13 Ratio and Vitamin K Levels as Predictor Markers for Severity of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mohsin Haneen Saeed , Ali Hanaa Addai , Al-Tu'ma Fadhil Jawad 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To investigate the levels of each of von Willebrand Factor, ADAMTS-13, and vitamin K in sera of Iraqi patients infected with Covid-19 and study the association between them to explore the mechanism roles of micro thrombosis in Covid-19 progression.
Methods: In this case-control study, a total of (60) COVID-19 patients (min-max) aged (35-65years) who presented within 7-12 days of displaying COVID-19 symptoms were recruited. (30) apparently healthy persons of the same ages and gender were included in this study as a control group. patients were divided into three groups: mild patients group (n=33), sever patients group (n = 15), and deceased group (n = 12). In this study, the levels of vWF, ADAMTS-13, and vitamin K were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in sera from healthy volunteers as a control group, and patients with moderate COVID-19, patients with severe COVID-19, and patients who had deceased from COVID-19. Anthropometric, biochemical data were analyzed.
Results: The levels of vWF, ADAMTS-13, and vitamin K were did differ significantly among groups. However, the level of vWF was significantly higher in moderate COVID-19 and severe cases of COVID-19 groups compared to control indicating it to be an independent predictor in the coronavirus disease. The levels of vitamin K were significantly lower in the patients group than the control group especially in severe case of the COVID-19 group. In contrast, the level of vWF in deceased COVID-19 patients was significantly higher compared to severe cases. The vWF /ADAMTS13 ratio was higher at presentation in COVID-19 patients who died (26.14 vs 12.34; P < .0001). Linear regression analysis for vWF levels revealed significant negative correlations with ADAMTS-13, and vit. K ,and positive correlations with d-dimer and ferritin levels. However ADAMTS-13 demonstrated significant positive correlations with vit.K levels in patients group.
Conclusion: The correlations of vWF-ADAMTS-l3 and vitamin K levels in Covid-19 patients could help better define the pathophysiology, clarify the pathogenesis, improve prediction of clinical prognosis, and better guide thromboprophylaxis and treatment Covid-19 patients, which could be uses as hall mark of severe Covid-19 and provide a rational for combined therapeutic approaches for medical staff. A ratio of vWF/ADAMTS-13 prompt higher in the ratio in thrombolysed patients was associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
Isolation and characterization of exopectinase from Bacillus licheniformis FMB9 isolated from agricultural soil
Authors: Alqahtani Fatimah , Aly Magda , Bokhari Fardos , El-Nogoumy Baher Ali , Alshehri Wafa 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to isolate and identify potential pectinase producing bacterium as well as optimization of its various parameters for maximum enzyme production.
Methods: A total of forty-three bacterial isolates were obtained from agriculture soil in Jeddah city using standard plate count method. Primary screening was done by hydrolysis of pectin on agar plate and measuring the clear zone after adding iodine-potassium iodide solution. Pectinase activity was determined by measuring the increase in reducing sugar formed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of pectin.
Results: Among the bacterial isolates, the isolate FMB9 exhibited higher pectinase activity in broth medium and was selected for further studies. The selected bacterial isolate FMB9 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis FMB9 with similarity level 97% to B. licheniformis AS10. The isolate was found to produce maximum pectinase at 37Â°C with pH 7 upon incubation for 72 hours, while cultured in production medium containing citrus pectin and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The enzyme was purified using column chromatography and was characterized. It showed maximum activity at 45â—¦C. Bacillus licheniformis pictinase was affected by pH values and optimum activity was at pH 5. The molecular weight was also determined and compared with other pectinases.
Conclusion: Pectinase produced from bacteria can be purified and used in many technological applications in food and medicine.
A Correlational Study on the Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita of a Country and Its COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates
Authors: Lopez Joseph Emmanuel G. 
Published: November 2021

Some studies had shown that there is a relationship between the state of
the economy of a country and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates.
However, these studies are just done on countries that are often on
developed countries. This study aims to find the relationship between
GDP and GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates in all
countries. In addition, they will also be analyzed based on their
different income levels. The data collected are from databases from
World Bank and WHO and will be analyzed through MS Excel and JASP.
Spearman’s rho is used to analyze the overall data and stratified data.
It has been found that the GDP per capita and incidence
(r = .656, p < .001) and mortality rates
(r = .521, p < .001) have a strong and
moderate correlations respectively. GDP’s relationship with incidence
(r = .295, p < .001) and mortality rates
(r = .346, p < .001) resulted in both weak
correlations. Stratified analysis resulted in no significant
relationships, except for GDP per capita’s relationship with incidence
(r = .362, p = .011) and mortality rates
(r = .348, p = .014) in low-middle countries, which
yielded both weak correlations. These results show that there is indeed
a relationship between the incidence and mortality rates and the
economic status of a country before a pandemic, however, more factors
need to be accounted for in order to help countries improve their
pandemic response in the future.
DarkCideS 1.0, a global database for bats in karsts and caves
Authors: Tanalgo Krizler C. , Tabora John Aries G. , Oliveira Hernani Fernandes Magalhães , Haelewaters Danny , Beranek Chad T. , Otálora-Ardila Aída , Bernard Enrico , Gonçalves Fernando , Eriksson Alan , Donnelly Melissa , González Joel Monzón , Ramos Humberto Fernandez , Rivas Alberto Clark , Webala Paul W. , Deleva Stanimira , Dalhoumi Ridha , Maula Jaycelle , Lizarro Dennis , Aguirre Luis F. , Bouillard Nils , Quibod Ma. Niña Regina M. , Barros Jennifer , Turcios-Casco Manfredo Alejandro , Martínez Marcio , Ordoñez-Mazier Diego Iván , Orellana José Alejandro Soler , Ordoñez-Trejo Eduardo J. , Ordoñez Danny , Chornelia Ada , Lu Jian Mei , Xing Chen , Baniya Sanjeev , Muylaert Renata L. , Dias-Silva Leonardo Henrique , Ruadreo Nittaya , Hughes Alice 
Published: November 2021

Understanding biodiversity patterns as well as drivers of population
declines, and range losses provides crucial baselines for monitoring and
conservation. However, the information needed to evaluate such trends
remains unstandardised and sparsely available for many taxonomic groups
and habitats, including the cave-dwelling bats and cave ecosystems.
Here, we present the DarkCideS 1.0, a global database of bat
caves and bat species based on curated data from the literature,
personal collections, and existing datasets. The database contains
information for geographical distribution, ecological status, species
traits, and parasites and hyperparasites for 679 bat species known to
occur in caves or use caves in their life-histories. The database
contains 6746 georeferenced occurrences for 402 cave-dwelling bat
species from 2002 cave sites in 46 countries and 12 terrestrial biomes.
The database has been developed to be a collaborative, open-access, and
user-friendly platform, allowing continuous data-sharing among the
community of bat researchers and conservation biologists. The database
has a range of potential applications in bat research and enables
comparative monitoring and prioritisation for conservation.
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Expression of MMP-9 Protein in the Analysis of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Sef Davorin , Milosevic Milan , Ostric Marin , Mestrovic Tomislav , Jernej Bojan , Kovacic Slavica , Kovacevic Miljenko , Skrtic Anita , Vidjak Vinko 
Published: November 2021

Components of carotid atherosclerotic plaque can be analysed
preoperatively by non-invasive advanced imaging modalities such as
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The expression of matrix
metalloproteinase-9 protein (MMP-9), which has a potential role in
remodelling of atherosclerotic plaques, can be analysed
immunohistochemically. The aim of the present prospective pilot study is
to analyse histological characteristics and expression of MMP-9 in
carotid plaques of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and
to investigate the correlation with preoperative clinical symptoms and
MRI features. Preoperative clinical assessment, MRI imaging,
postoperative histological and immunohistochemical analyses were
performed. Fifteen patients with symptomatic (7/15; 47%) and
asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis undergoing CEA were included. Among
symptomatic patients, 5 (71%) had recent stroke and 2 (29%) had recent
transient ischaemic attack with a median timing of 6 weeks (IQR:1, 18)
before the surgery. Both groups did not significantly differ in respect
to preoperative characteristics. Prevalence of unstable plaque was
higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic patients, although it was not
significant (63% vs. 37%, p=0.077). The expression of MMP-9 in
CD68 cells within the plaque by semiquantitative analysis was found to
be significantly higher in symptomatic as compared to asymptomatic
patients (86% vs. 25% with the highest expression, p=0.014).
The average microvascular density was found to be higher and lipid core
area larger among both symptomatic patients and unstable carotid plaque
specimens, although this did not reach statistical significance
(p=0.064 and p=0.132, p=0.360 and p=0.569,
respectively). Our results demonstrate that MRI is reliable in
classifying carotid lesions and differentiating unstable from stable
plaques. We have also shown that the expression of MMP-9 is
significantly higher among symptomatic patients undergoing CEA.
Trial Registration: This study has been registered at the ISRCTN
registry (ID ISRCTN46536832), isrctn.org Identifier:
https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN46536832
Keywords: atherosclerosis, carotid endarterectomy, unstable plaque,
magnetic resonance imaging, matrix metalloproteinase.
PERCEPTIONS OF LOCAL TOURISTS, ATTITUDES AND WILLINGNESS TO VISIT LOCAL DESTINATIONS: A DESTINATION IMAGE CASE
Authors: Maziriri Eugine Tafadzwa , Govender Kammantha , Chuchu Tinashe 
Published: November 2021

The paper made use of predictor variables to highlight relationships in tourism, these are: perceptions’ of local residents towards tourists and destination image; in an effort to identify how these predictors are relative to the mediator variable, attitudes’ of local residents towards tourists; which then lead to the outcome variable, tourists willingness to visit a destination. To enable the researcher to conduct this study, prior literature related to destination image, as well as the attitudes and perceptions of local residents were reviewed. Respondents were selected by means of probability sampling. A conceptualised model was developed to measure the variables adapted to the research study. The researcher conducted field research at The University of Witwatersrand, which included 270 respondents, currently registered at the university. The data set was analysed by employing SPSS and Amos 24 through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It was confirmed by the results of the research that the attitudes of local residents had a stronger relationship than the perceptions of local residents towards tourists; influencing tourists’ willingness to visit a destination. This implies that tourists will visit a destination based on how they are treated by local residents, instead of how local residents perceive tourists. The study makes contributions to current research on local residents’ attitudes and perceptions towards tourists, and destination image, which influences tourists’ willingness to visit a destination.