bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining maximum event magnitude during injection-triggered seismicity
Authors: Li Ziyan , Elsworth Derek , Wang Chaoyi ,   EGS-Collab, Boyd L. , Frone Z. , Metcalfe E. , Nieto A. , Porse S. , Vandermeer W. , Podgorney R. , Huang H. , McLing T. , Neupane G. , Chakravarty A. , Cook P. J. , Dobson P. F. , Doughty C. A. , Guglielmi Y. , Hopp C. , Hu M. , Jayne R. S. , Johnson S. E. , Kim K. , Kneafsey T. , Nakagawa S. , Newman G. , Petrov P. , Primo J. C. , Robertson M. , Rodriguez-Tribaldos V. , Rutqvist J. , Schoenball M. , Sonnenthal E. L. , Soom F. A. , Sprinkle S. , Ulrich C. , Valladao C. A. , Wood T. , Zhang Y. Q. , Zhou Q. , Huang L. , Chen Y. , Chen T. , Chi B. , Feng Z. , Frash L. P. , Gao K. , Jafarov E. , Karra S. , Makedonska N. , Li D. , Li J. , Pawar R. , Welch N. , Fu P. , Mellors R. J. , Morency C. E. , Morris J. P. , Sherman C. S. , Smith M. M. , Templeton D. , Wagoner J. L. , White J. , Wu H. , Moore J. , Brown S. , Crandall D. , Mackey P. , Paronish T. , Workman S. , Johnston B. , Beckers K. , Weers J. , Polsky Y. , Maceira M. , Chai C. P. , Bonneville A. , Burghardt J. A. , Horner J. , Johnson T. C. , Knox H. , Knox J. , Roberts B. Q. , Sprinkle P. , Strickland C. E. , Thomle J. N. , Vermeul V. R. , White M. D. , Blankenship D. , Ingraham M. , Myers T. , Pope J. , Schwering P. , Foris A. , King D. K. , Feldman J. , Lee M. , Su J. , Baumgartner T. , Heise J. , Horn M. , Pietzyk B. , Rynders D. , Vandine G. , Vardiman D. , Doe T. , McLennan J. , Wu Y. S. , Miskimins J. , Winterfeld P. , Kutun K. , Zoback M. D. , Singh A. , Horne R. N. , Li K. , Hawkins A. , Zhang Y. , Mattson E. , Elsworth D. , Im K. J. , Li Z. , Marone C. J. , Yildirim E. C. , Ajo-Franklin J. , Ghassemi A. , Kumar D. , Sesetty V. , Vachaparampil A. , Wang H. F. , Sone H. , Condon K. , Haimson B. , Roggenthen W. , Medler C. , Uzunlar N. , Reimers C. , McClure M. W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding mechanisms controlling fluid injection-triggered seismicity is key in defining strategies to ameliorate it. Recent triggered events (e.g. Pohang, Mw 5.5) have exceeded predictions of average energy release by a factor of >1000x, necessitating robust methodologies to both define critical antecedent conditions and to thereby constrain anticipated event size. We define maximum event magnitudes resulting from triggering as a function of pre-existing critical stresses and fluid injection volume. Fluid injection experiments on prestressed laboratory faults confirm these estimates of triggered moment magnitudes for varied boundary conditions and injection rates. In addition, observed ratios of shear slip to dilation rates on individual faults signal triggering and may serve as a measurable proxy for impending rupture. This new framework provides a robust method of constraining maximum event size for preloaded faults and unifies prior laboratory and field observations that span sixteen decades in injection volume and four decades in length scale.
Implication of TIGIT+ human memory B cells in immune regulation
Authors: Hasan Md Mahmudul , Nair Sumi Sukumaran , O’Leary Jacqueline G. , Thompson-Snipes LuAnn , Nyarige Verah , Wang Junwen , Park Walter , Stegall Mark , Heilman Raymond , Klintmalm Goran B. , Joo HyeMee , Oh SangKon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRegulatory B cells (Bregs) contribute to immune regulation. However, the mechanisms of action of Bregs remain elusive. Here, we report that T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) expressed on human memory B cells especially CD19+CD24hiCD27+CD39hiIgD−IgM+CD1c+ B cells is essential for effective immune regulation. Mechanistically, TIGIT on memory B cells controls immune response by directly acting on T cells and by arresting proinflammatory function of dendritic cells, resulting in the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and CXCR5+ICOS+ T cell response while promoting immune regulatory function of T cells. TIGIT+ memory B cells are also superior to other B cells at expressing additional inhibitory molecules, including IL-10, TGFβ1, granzyme B, PD-L1, CD39/CD73, and TIM-1. Lack or decrease of TIGIT+ memory B cells is associated with increased donor-specific antibody and TFH response, and decreased Treg response in renal and liver allograft patients. Therefore, TIGIT+ human memory B cells play critical roles in immune regulation.
Directing reaction pathways via in situ control of active site geometries in PdAu single-atom alloy catalysts
Authors: Ouyang Mengyao , Papanikolaou Konstantinos G. , Boubnov Alexey , Hoffman Adam S. , Giannakakis Georgios , Bare Simon R. , Stamatakis Michail , Flytzani-Stephanopoulos Maria , Sykes E. Charles H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe atomic scale structure of the active sites in heterogeneous catalysts is central to their reactivity and selectivity. Therefore, understanding active site stability and evolution under different reaction conditions is key to the design of efficient and robust catalysts. Herein we describe theoretical calculations which predict that carbon monoxide can be used to stabilize different active site geometries in bimetallic alloys and then demonstrate experimentally that the same PdAu bimetallic catalyst can be transitioned between a single-atom alloy and a Pd cluster phase. Each state of the catalyst exhibits distinct selectivity for the dehydrogenation of ethanol reaction with the single-atom alloy phase exhibiting high selectivity to acetaldehyde and hydrogen versus a range of products from Pd clusters. First-principles based Monte Carlo calculations explain the origin of this active site ensemble size tuning effect, and this work serves as a demonstration of what should be a general phenomenon that enables in situ control over catalyst selectivity.
Singlet exciton fission in a modified acene with improved stability and high photoluminescence yield
Authors: Budden Peter J. , Weiss Leah R. , Müller Matthias , Panjwani Naitik A. , Dowland Simon , Allardice Jesse R. , Ganschow Michael , Freudenberg Jan , Behrends Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Friend Richard H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report a fully efficient singlet exciton fission material with high ambient chemical stability. 10,21-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)tetrabenzo[a,c,l,n]pentacene (TTBP) combines an acene core with triphenylene wings that protect the formal pentacene from chemical degradation. The electronic energy levels position singlet exciton fission to be endothermic, similar to tetracene despite the triphenylenes. TTBP exhibits rapid early time singlet fission with quantitative yield of triplet pairs within 100 ps followed by thermally activated separation to free triplet excitons over 65 ns. TTBP exhibits high photoluminescence quantum efficiency, close to 100% when dilute and 20% for solid films, arising from triplet-triplet annihilation. In using such a system for exciton multiplication in a solar cell, maximum thermodynamic performance requires radiative decay of the triplet population, observed here as emission from the singlet formed by recombination of triplet pairs. Combining chemical stabilisation with efficient endothermic fission provides a promising avenue towards singlet fission materials for use in photovoltaics.
Tropical cyclone exposure is associated with increased hospitalization rates in older adults
Authors: Parks Robbie M. , Anderson G. Brooke , Nethery Rachel C. , Navas-Acien Ana , Dominici Francesca , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHurricanes and other tropical cyclones have devastating effects on society. Previous case studies have quantified their impact on some health outcomes for particular tropical cyclones, but a comprehensive assessment over longer periods is currently missing. Here, we used data on 70 million Medicare hospitalizations and tropical cyclone exposures over 16 years (1999–2014). We formulated a conditional quasi-Poisson model to examine how tropical cyclone exposure (days greater than Beaufort scale gale-force wind speed; ≥34 knots) affect hospitalizations for 13 mutually-exclusive, clinically-meaningful causes. We found that tropical cyclone exposure was associated with average increases in hospitalizations from several causes over the week following exposure, including respiratory diseases (14.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9–17.9%); infectious and parasitic diseases (4.3%; 95%CI: 1.2–8.1%); and injuries (8.7%; 95%CI: 6.0–11.8%). Average decadal tropical cyclone exposure in all impacted counties would be associated with an estimated 16,772 (95%CI: 8,265–25,278) additional hospitalizations. Our findings demonstrate the need for targeted preparedness strategies for hospital personnel before, during, and after tropical cyclones.
Epigenetic modulation reveals differentiation state specificity of oncogene addiction
Authors: Khaliq Mehwish , Manikkam Mohan , Martinez Elisabeth D. , Fallahi-Sichani Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHyperactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway motivates the clinical use of MAPK inhibitors for BRAF-mutant melanomas. Heterogeneity in differentiation state due to epigenetic plasticity, however, results in cell-to-cell variability in the state of MAPK dependency, diminishing the efficacy of MAPK inhibitors. To identify key regulators of such variability, we screen 276 epigenetic-modifying compounds, individually or combined with MAPK inhibitors, across genetically diverse and isogenic populations of melanoma cells. Following single-cell analysis and multivariate modeling, we identify three classes of epigenetic inhibitors that target distinct epigenetic states associated with either one of the lysine-specific histone demethylases Kdm1a or Kdm4b, or BET bromodomain proteins. While melanocytes remain insensitive, the anti-tumor efficacy of each inhibitor is predicted based on melanoma cells’ differentiation state and MAPK activity. Our systems pharmacology approach highlights a path toward identifying actionable epigenetic factors that extend the BRAF oncogene addiction paradigm on the basis of tumor cell differentiation state.
Cross-linking peptide and repurposed drugs inhibit both entry pathways of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhao Hanjun , To Kelvin K. W. , Lam Hoiyan , Zhou Xinxin , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Peng Zheng , Lee Andrew C. Y. , Cai Jianpiao , Chan Wan-Mui , Ip Jonathan Daniel , Chan Chris Chung-Sing , Yeung Man Lung , Zhang Anna Jinxia , Chu Allen Wing Ho , Jiang Shibo , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUp to date, effective antivirals have not been widely available for treating COVID-19. In this study, we identify a dual-functional cross-linking peptide 8P9R which can inhibit the two entry pathways (endocytic pathway and TMPRSS2-mediated surface pathway) of SARS-CoV-2 in cells. The endosomal acidification inhibitors (8P9R and chloroquine) can synergistically enhance the activity of arbidol, a spike-ACE2 fusion inhibitor, against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in cells. In vivo studies indicate that 8P9R or the combination of repurposed drugs (umifenovir also known as arbidol, chloroquine and camostat which is a TMPRSS2 inhibitor), simultaneously interfering with the two entry pathways of coronaviruses, can significantly suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in hamsters and SARS-CoV in mice. Here, we use drug combination (arbidol, chloroquine, and camostat) and a dual-functional 8P9R to demonstrate that blocking the two entry pathways of coronavirus can be a promising and achievable approach for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication in vivo. Cocktail therapy of these drug combinations should be considered in treatment trials for COVID-19.
Is LRRK2 the missing link between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson’s disease?
Authors: Herrick Mary K. , Tansey Malú G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLinks that implicate the gastrointestinal system in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis and progression have become increasingly common. PD shares several similarities with Crohn’s disease (CD). Intestinal inflammation is common in both PD and CD and is hypothesized to contribute to PD neuropathology. Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are one of the greatest genetic contributors to PD. Variants in LRRK2 have also been associated with increased incidence of CD. Since its discovery, LRRK2 has been studied intensely in neurons, despite multiple lines of evidence showing that LRRK2 is highly expressed in immune cells. Based on the fact that higher levels of LRRK2 are detectable in inflamed colonic tissue from CD patients and in peripheral immune cells from sporadic PD patients relative to matched controls, we posit that LRRK2 regulates inflammatory processes. Therefore, LRRK2 may sit at a crossroads whereby gut inflammation and higher LRRK2 levels in CD may be a biomarker of increased risk for sporadic PD and/or may represent a tractable therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases that increase risk for PD. Here we will focus on reviewing how PD and CD share overlapping phenotypes, particularly in terms of LRRK2 in the context of the immune system, that could be targeted in future therapies.
Meta-analysis on how manure application changes soil organic carbon storage
Authors: Gross Arthur , Glaser Bruno 
Published: March 2021

AbstractManure application to agricultural soils is widely considered as a source of nutrients and a method of maintaining levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) to mitigate climate change. At present, it is still unclear which factors are responsible for the SOC stock dynamics. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between SOC stock changes and site characteristics, soil properties, experiment characteristics and manure characteristics. Overall, we included 101 studies with a total of 592 treatments. On average, the application of manure on agricultural soils increased SOC stocks by 35.4%, corresponding to 10.7 Mg ha−1. Manure applications in conventional tillage systems led to higher SOC stocks (+ 2.2 Mg ha−1) than applications under reduced tillage. Soil organic carbon increase upon manure application was higher in soils under non-tropical climate conditions (+ 2.7 Mg ha−1) compared to soils under sub-tropical climate. Larger SOC increases after manure application were achieved in intermediate and shallow topsoils (in 0–15 cm by 9.5 Mg ha−1 and in 16–20 cm by 13.6 Mg ha−1), but SOC stocks were also increased in deeper soils (> 20 cm 4.6 Mg ha−1), regardless of the tillage intensity. The highest relative SOC increase (+ 48%) was achieved if the initial SOC was below 1% but the absolute SOC increased with increasing initial SOC. Clay soils showed higher SOC increase rates compared to sandy soils (+ 3.1 Mg ha−1). Acidic soils showed comparable relative effects but a higher stock difference than neutral (+ 5.1 Mg ha−1) and alkaline soils (+ 5.1 Mg ha−1). The application of farmyard-, cattle- and pig manure showed the highest SOC increases (50%, 32% and 41%, respectively), while green manure and straw showed only minor effects. If manure applications were combined with additional mineral fertilizer, the SOC increases were higher (+ 1.7 Mg ha−1) compared to manure alone. Higher applied amounts generally led to higher SOC stocks. However the annually applied amount is only important under conventional tillage, non-tropical climate conditions, and pH-neutral as well as SOC-rich or SOC-depleted soils and if no additional mineral fertilization is applied. Further studies should focus on the SOC dynamics under tropical climate conditions and factors influencing a potential carbon saturation. In both cases, the number of data was too small. For this reason, additional field studies should be conducted primarily in the tropics. On the other hand, long-term field trials should be re-assessed or newly established to specifically investigate potential saturation effects and long-term (> 20 years) fertilizer effects and carbon sequestration.
Optimization of deficit irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer management for peanut production in an arid region
Authors: Rathore Vijay Singh , Nathawat Narayan Singh , Bhardwaj Seema , Yadav Bhagirath Mal , Kumar Mahesh , Santra Priyabrata , Praveen Kumar  , Reager Madan Lal , Yadava Narendra Dev , Yadav Om Parkash 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeficit irrigation (DI) has been emerging as an important technique for enhancing crop water productivity (WP). However, advantage of DI under varying nitrogen (N) application rates remains unclear. Field experiments were conducted during 2012–2014 to investigate the impacts of six irrigation levels[FI (full irrigation), DI10, DI20, DI30, DI40 and DI50, with irrigation amount of 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% of ETc, respectively) and four N application rates (N0, N10, N20 and N30, with 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg N ha−1, respectively) on WP, yield, quality, and net economic return of peanut in hot arid region of India. We used Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to obtain the optimal combination of irrigation and N rates. Both irrigation level and nitrogen dose had significant effects on yield and quality parameters examined in the study. Relative to FI, DI40 and DI50 significantly reduced yield (40.2–62.1%), economic benefit (70.8–118.5%), WP (8.2–33.0%), and kernel oil content (7.5–11.9%), but DI20 increased WP by 17.1% with only marginal reduction in economic benefit (2.6%), and yield (3.2%). Compared to N0, the N30 had 1.7, 1.1, and 1.6-folds increased yield, oil content in the kernel, and WP, respectively. Among all treatments, DI0N30 had the greatest yield and net return; DI20N30 had greatest WP and oil content in the kernel. TOPSIS analysis showed that DI20N30 was optimal in balancing of WP, yield, net return, and quality of peanut in northwestern arid India. The results have direct implications for improving irrigation water and N management for irrigated crops in arid regions.
A machine learning aided interpretable model for rupture strength prediction in Fe-based martensitic and austenitic alloys
Authors: Mamun Osman , Wenzlick Madison , Hawk Jeffrey , Devanathan Ram 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe class of 9–12% Cr ferritic-martensitic alloys (FMA) and austenitic stainless steels have received considerable attention due to their numerous applications in high temperature power generation industries. To design high strength steels with prolonged service life requires a thorough understanding of the long-term properties, e.g., creep rupture strength, rupture life, etc., as a function of the chemical composition and processing parameters that govern the microstructural characteristics. In this article, the creep rupture strength of both 9–12% Cr FMA and austenitic stainless steel has been parameterized using curated experimental datasets with a gradient boosting machine. The trained model has been cross validated against unseen test data and achieved high predictive performance in terms of correlation coefficient ($$R^{2} > 0.98 $$

R
2

>
0.98

for 9–12% Cr FMA and $$R^{2} > 0.95 $$

R
2

>
0.95

for austenitic stainless steel) thus bypassing the need for additional comprehensive tensile test campaigns or physical theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the feature importance has been computed using the Shapley value analysis to understand the complex interplay of different features.
Predictive values, uncertainty, and interpretation of serology tests for the novel coronavirus
Authors: Brownstein Naomi C. , Chen Yian Ann 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntibodies testing in the coronavirus era is frequently promoted, but the underlying statistics behind their validation has come under more scrutiny in recent weeks. We provide calculations, interpretations, and plots of positive and negative predictive values under a variety of scenarios. Prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity are estimated within ranges of values from researchers and antibodies manufacturers. Illustrative examples are highlighted, and interactive plots are provided in the Supplementary Information. Implications are discussed for society overall and across diverse locations with different levels of disease burden. Specifically, the proportion of positive serology tests that are false can differ drastically from up to 3%–88% for people from different places with different proportions of infected people in the populations while the false negative rate is typically under 10%.
Impact of tDCS on working memory training is enhanced by strategy instructions in individuals with low working memory capacity
Authors: Assecondi Sara , Hu Rong , Eskes Gail , Pan Xiaoping , Zhou Jin , Shapiro Kim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInterventions to improve working memory, e.g. by combining task rehearsal and non-invasive brain stimulation, are gaining popularity. Many factors, however, affect the outcome of these interventions. We hypothesize that working memory capacity at baseline predicts how an individual performs on a working memory task, by setting limits on the benefit derived from tDCS when combined with strategy instructions; specifically, we hypothesize that individuals with low capacity will benefit the most. Eighty-four participants underwent two sessions of an adaptive working memory task (n-back) on two consecutive days. Participants were split into four independent groups (SHAM vs ACTIVE stimulation and STRATEGY vs no STRATEGY instructions). For the purpose of analysis, individuals were divided based on their baseline working memory capacity. Results support our prediction that the combination of tDCS and strategy instructions is particularly beneficial in low capacity individuals. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of factors affecting the outcome of tDCS when used in conjunction with cognitive training to improve working memory. Moreover, our results have implications for training regimens, e.g., by designing interventions predicated on baseline cognitive abilities, or focusing on strategy development for specific attentional skills.
Recurrence in the evolution of air transport networks
Authors: Sugishita Kashin , Masuda Naoki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChanges in air transport networks over time may be induced by competition among carriers, changes in regulations on airline industry, and socioeconomic events such as terrorist attacks and epidemic outbreaks. Such network changes may reflect corporate strategies of each carrier. In the present study, we propose a framework for analyzing evolution patterns in temporal networks in discrete time from the viewpoint of recurrence. Recurrence implies that the network structure returns to one relatively close to that in the past. We applied the proposed methods to four major carriers in the US from 1987 to 2019. We found that the carriers were different in terms of the autocorrelation, strength of periodicity, and changes in these quantities across decades. We also found that the network structure of the individual carriers abruptly changes from time to time. Such a network change reflects changes in their operation at their hub airports rather than famous socioeconomic events that look closely related to airline industry. The proposed methods are expected to be useful for revealing, for example, evolution of airline alliances and responses to natural disasters or infectious diseases, as well as characterizing evolution of social, biological, and other networks over time.