bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhamnogalacturonan I‐rich polysaccharide isolated from fermented persimmon fruit increases macrophage‐stimulatory activity by activating MAPK and NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Shin Hyun Young , Hwang Ki Cheol , Mi Xiao‐Jie , Moon Sung‐Kwon , Kim Yeon‐Ju , Kim Hoon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPersimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a familiar and widespread fruit, cultivated worldwide. To date, physiological and chemical changes in fermented persimmon fruit and its active compounds have been rarely investigated. Moreover, comparative studies on the pharmacological activities of fermented persimmon fruit‐derived compounds have not been reported.RESULTSTo investigate the effect of traditional fermented foods on immunostimulatory activity, non‐fermented persimmon fruit (D. kaki, DK) and fermented persimmon fruit (fermented D. kaki, FDK) were prepared and further fractionated into low‐ and high‐molecular weight fractions. FDK exhibited significantly higher activity toward the production of macrophage‐stimulatory mediators compared with that of DK, and the high‐molecular weight fraction (FDK‐H) isolated from FDK was shown to have more potent activity than FDK. FDK‐H not only increased the expression of immunostimulatory genes (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐12, and iNOS), but also stimulated the phosphorylation of both MAPK (ERK, JNK, and p38) and NF‐κB (p65 and IκB) signaling molecules underlying macrophage activation. The putative chemical characteristic of FDK‐H was identified as a pectic rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I‐rich polysaccharide with a high molecular weight of 304 kDa containing galacturonic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose as the major monosaccharide units.CONCLUSIONThe present study reveals that traditional fermentation is a useful method for increasing the macrophage‐immunostimulatory activity of persimmon fruit, and the increased activity may be associated with structural modification of persimmon polysaccharides. This study may serve to identify a functional ingredient as an immunostimulatory agent, and our results may be applied to develop a new immunostimulatory product using FDK‐H. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of exogenous sucrose and selenium on plant growth, quality, and sugar metabolism of pea sprouts
Authors: Tan Chuntao , Zhang Liang , Duan Xuewu , Chai Xirong , Huang Riming , Kang Yunyan , Yang Xian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPea sprouts are considered a healthy food. Sucrose is a key nutritional factor affecting taste and flavor. Meanwhile, selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that plays multiple roles in wide variety of physiological processes and improves crop quality and nutritional value. Nonetheless, the effects of the combination of sucrose and Se treatment on growth, quality, and sugar metabolism of pea sprouts have not been explored.RESULTSThe results revealed that sucrose at 10 mg L−1 obviously increased fresh weight, vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble sugar, fructose, glucose, and sucrose contents. Se treatments also improved nutritional quality, but higher Se (2.5 mg L−1) significantly inhibited the growth of seedlings. Interestingly, the combined application of sucrose (10 mg L−1) and Se (1.25 mg L−1) could effectively promote vitamin C, sucrose, and fructose contents, especially the Se content, compared with Se application alone. Additionally, there were significant differences in the regulation of sugar metabolism between Se alone and combined application of sucrose and Se. Acid invertase and neutral invertase play a pivotal role in the accumulation of soluble sugar under Se treatments alone, and acid invertase might be the key enzyme to limit sugar accumulation under combined application of sucrose and Se.CONCLUSIONThe moderate combined application of sucrose (10 mg L−1) and Se (1.25 mg L−1) more effectively regulated sugar metabolism and improved nutritional quality than Se application alone did. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Urinary volatomic profile of traditional tobacco smokers and electronic cigarettes users as a strategy to unveil potential health issues
Authors: Berenguer Cristina , Pereira Jorge A. M. , Câmara José S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany harmful and potentially harmful constituents are present in tobacco products. Cigarette smoke is known to cause different forms of cancer and trigger the development of chronic diseases. In the last decade, electronic cigarettes have emerged as a healthier alternative associated to less harmful effects in comparison to traditional tobacco. However, the lack of standardization of electronic cigarettes products makes it difficult to establish and compare the real effects on health of products from different manufacturers. To better understand the impact of smoking and vaping, the volatomic composition of urine samples from traditional tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette users was established and compared with nonsmokers (control group), using headspace solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 45 urinary volatile organic metabolites belonging to different chemical families were identified in the urine of the studied groups. Benzene derivatives, terpenes, and aromatics were the chemical families that contributed the most to the urinary profile of smokers. The vapers urinary volatomic pattern was also dominated by terpenes and aromatics, in addition to alcohols. The orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis of the data obtained indicated that the urinary profile of vapers is more closely related to the control group, reinforcing the hypothesis of the lowest harmfulness of electronic cigarettes. Further studies recruiting a higher number of subjects are therefore necessary to consolidate the data obtained.
MiR‐32‐5p promoted epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via regulating the KLF2/CXCR4 pathway
Authors: Qin Shi‐Yu , Li Bo , Chen Mei , Qin Ming‐Qun , Liu Ji‐Mu , Lv Qiu‐Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common carcinomas of the oral cavity. However, the regulatory mechanisms on miR‐32‐5p remain poorly understood in OSCC. The expression of miR‐32‐5p, Krüppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2), C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins (E‐cadherin, Vimentin, N‐cadherin, and Snail) were evaluated were assessed using RT‐qPCR and Western blot. 3‐(4, 5‐Dimethylthiazolyl2)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were employed to detect cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. Finally, dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the binding relationship between KLF2 and miR‐32‐5p. MiR‐32‐5p was highly expressed while KLF2 was lowly expressed in OSCC cells, and miR‐32‐5p knockdown or KLF2 overexpression could markedly reduce cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of OSCC cells. What is more, KLF2 was the target of miR‐32‐5p, and knockdown of KLF2 abolished the inhibitory effect of miR‐32‐5p inhibitor on progression of OSCC. Finally, CXCR4 expression was negatively regulated by KLF2, and inhibition of CXCR4 obviously alleviated the biological effects of si‐KLF2 on the progression of OSCC. MiR‐32‐5p could enhance cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of OSCC cells, and the discovery of miR‐32‐5p/KLF2/CXCR4 axis might provide potential therapeutic targets for OSCC.
ASPM facilitates colorectal cancer cells migration and invasion by enhancing β‐catenin expression and nuclear translocation
Authors: Wang Lu , Hu Xiao‐Dan , Li Shou‐Ying , Liang Xu‐Yang , Ren Lin , Lv Sheng‐Xiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreased abnormal spindle‐like microcephaly (ASPM) expression has been linked to clinical stage and poor prognosis in cancers, but the molecular mechanisms by which ASPM promotes cell metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been identified. This study showed that the abilities of cell migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were attenuated in ASPM‐deficient CRC cell lines. Furthermore, we reported that attenuation of ASPM expression inhibited CRC cell metastasis in vivo. Additionally, the expression of ASPM was positively correlated with β‐catenin level in CRC tissues. Mechanistically, ASPM can upregulate β‐catenin transcription by stimulating the β‐catenin promoter and enhancing the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin in CRC cells, which leads to the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Finally, we showed that ASPM effectively induced CRC cell migration and invasion in a β‐catenin‐dependent manner.
Quantifying smoking exposure, genomic correlates, and related risk of treatment failure in p16+ squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx
Authors: Schrank Travis , Weir William , Lal Asim , Landess Lee , Lenze Nicholas , Hackman Trevor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesHPV‐associated (p16+) squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) has improved survival as compared to HPV‐negative, smoking‐associated disease. Intermediate outcomes have been noted in patients with p16+ tumors and smoking exposure. However, the extent of smoking exposure required for outcomes to decrease has not been delineated due to low failure rates and poor availability of quantitative tobacco smoke exposure data. Our primary objective is to characterize the dose‐dependent relationship between recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and tobacco smoke exposure in p16+ OPSCC and secondarily correlate tobacco smoke exposure with genomic alterations.MethodsSingle institution chart review was performed of patients diagnosed with p16+ OPSCC from 2003 to 2015. Patients were excluded if staging, treatment details, recurrence status, or smoking exposure in pack‐years were not available. Two hundred and forty‐four patients were included.ResultsPatients with 25 pack‐years or greater smoking history exhibited a dose‐dependent decrease in RFS compared to never smokers. This was robust to multivariate analysis for including staging and demographic factors. Forty‐three patients with available targeted tumor sequencing data were identified. A strong trend was observed for increased C to A transversion mutations above 25 pack‐years, which are known to be associated with exposure to tobacco smoke. Similarly, the proportion of COSMIC Signature 4 mutations were also found to be more common in patients with more than 25 pack‐years of smoking exposure.ConclusionEvidence‐based smoking exposure thresholds are needed to define inclusion criteria for trials of de‐escalation therapy for p16+ OPSCC. Patients with smoking exposure greater than 20 pack‐years have increased risk of recurrence and a distinct pattern of genomic alterations. Further studies are needed to delineate the potential consequences of mild smoking exposure. Smoking‐related mutational signatures may hold potential for biomarker development in p16+ OPSCC.Level of Evidence2B
Jacaranda oil administration improves serum biomarkers and bioavailability of bioactive conjugated fatty acids, and alters fatty acid profile of mice tissues
Authors: Van Nieuwenhove Carina P. , del Huerto Moyano Andrea , Van Nieuwenhove Guido A. , Molina Verónica , Luna Pizarro Patricia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractJacaric acid, a conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) present in jacaranda oil (JO), is considered a potent anticarcinogenic agent. Several studies have focused on its biological effects, but the metabolism once consumed is not clear yet. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of two different daily doses of JO on serum parameters and fatty acid (FA) profile of mice tissues after 4 weeks of feeding. No significant changes on body weight gain, food intake, or tissue weight were determined after 0.7 or 2 ml/kg of JO supplementation compared to control animals. Significantly lower blood low‐density lipoproteins‐cholesterol (20 mg/dl) and glucose (~147–148 mg/dl) levels were detected in both oil‐treated groups compared to control (31.2 and 165 mg/dl, respectively). Moreover, jacaric acid was partially converted into cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and thus further incorporated into tissues. Liver evidenced the highest total conjugated fatty acid content (1.1%–2.2%), followed by epididymal (0.7%–1.9%) and mesenteric (1.4%–1.8%) fat. Lower saturated and higher unsaturated fatty acid content was detected in both oil‐treated groups compared to control. Our results support the safety of JO and its potential application with a functional or nutraceutical propose, by increasing human CLNA consumption and further availability of CLA.
Plasma Glucosylsphingosine in GBA1 Mutation Carriers with and without Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Surface Matthew , Balwani Manisha , Waters Cheryl , Haimovich Alexander , Gan‐Or Ziv , Marder Karen S. , Hsieh Tammy , Song Linxia , Padmanabhan Shalini , Hsieh Frank , Merchant Kalpana M. , Alcalay Roy N. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundBiallelic mutations in the GBA1 gene encoding glucocerebrosidase cause Gaucher's disease, whereas heterozygous carriers are at risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). Glucosylsphingosine is a clinically meaningful biomarker of Gaucher's disease but could not be assayed previously in heterozygous GBA1 carriers.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess plasma glucosylsphingosine levels in GBA1 N370S carriers with and without PD.MethodsGlucosylsphingosine, glucosylceramide, and four other lipids were quantified in plasma from N370S heterozygotes with (n = 20) or without (n = 20) PD, healthy controls (n = 20), idiopathic PD (n = 20), and four N370S homozygotes (positive controls; Gaucher's/PD) using quantitative ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsPlasma glucosylsphingosine was significantly higher in N370S heterozygotes compared with noncarriers, independent of disease status. As expected, Gaucher's/PD cases showed increases in both glucocerebrosidase substrates, glucosylsphingosine and glucosylceramide.ConclusionsPlasma glucosylsphingosine accumulation in N370S heterozygotes shown in this study opens up its future assessment as a clinically meaningful biomarker of GBA1‐PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Stocking Practices and Lake Characteristics Influence Probability of Stocked Walleye Survival in Wisconsin’s Ceded Territory Lakes
Authors: Lawson Zach J. , Latzka Alexander W. , Eslinger Lawrence 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As culturally important fisheries for Walleye Sander vitreus exhibit declining densities and reductions in natural recruitment, stocking has increased in popularity as a management tool in Wisconsin’s Ceded Territory. Walleyes were stocked in an average of 160 lakes per year in the 1980s compared with 223 lakes per year in the 2010s. However, many Walleye fingerling stocking events are unsuccessful, with zero or few fish being detected as yearlings in electrofishing surveys the following year. We integrated 31 years of stocking and electrofishing data with lake habitat characteristics to identify factors that influence stocked fingerling survival, measured by the number of individuals stocked compared with those sampled in stocking evaluation surveys. Notably, 21% of stocking events exhibited zero returns in the following year. To handle the prominence of zeros, we used a zero-inflated mixed-effects model to test for effects of stocking practices and lake attributes along with lake-level random effects. Our results suggest that the average length and stocking density are important stocking-practice-level characteristics, while water clarity, water temperature, and lake surface area are important lake-level characteristics for predicting survival. Concerningly, we found a significant reduction in stocked fingerling survival through time. Managers should weigh these factors when determining whether stocking is worthwhile for the system in question and, if so, when selecting a stocking product. Although overall survival of stocked fingerlings is relatively low, better understanding stocking efficacy can help managers maximize utility of limited resources. Future work should assess stocking success in the context of recruitment to the fishery or return to creel. In light of recent work on Walleye fishery collapses and shifting environmental conditions, managers need to temper presumptions of Walleye stocking success and shepherd realistic expectations of stocking utility in regional Walleye rehabilitation efforts.
A moving morphable component‐based topology optimization approach considering transient structural dynamic responses
Authors: Li Jialin , Zhang Youwei , Du Zongliang , Liu Chang , Zhang Weisheng , Guo Xinglin , Guo Xu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel approach is developed under the moving morphable component (MMC) framework to solve topology optimization problems considering transient structural dynamic responses, where the structure for optimization is constructed with a collection of structural components, and the structural layout can be described explicitly via only a small number of design variables characterizing the positions and geometries of the components. The transient dynamic response of the structure and corresponding sensitivities are computed via step‐by‐step numerical integration and mode reduction technique is also employed to enhance the computational efficiency. Compared with existing works, the numerical instabilities induced by localized vibration modes can be substantially alleviated and the computational effort for direct sensitivity analysis is significantly reduced in the proposed approach. Two and three‐dimensional numerical examples considering the cases of nonproportional damping mechanism and time‐varying mass are also provided to manifest the validity of the proposed approach.
Practice of integrated treatment process for acute ischaemic stroke in hospital coordinated by emergency stroke nurses
Authors: Li Dongmei , Zhang Hongjian , Lu Xiaoying , Zhang Lingjuan , Liu Jianmin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the practice effect of establishing an integrated treatment process by stroke emergency nurses in general hospitals for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).DesignCompared the time spent in each link before and after the establishment of AIS integrated treatment.MethodsSince March 2016, we set up a team of emergency stroke nurses (ESN), trained and assessed the knowledge of emergency stroke, and set up a post of ESN.ResultsThe median time of admission‐judgement, admission‐establishment of venous access, admission‐cranial CT examination and admission‐intravenous thrombolytic therapy was statistically significantly shortened after the implementation of the integrated treatment process of AIS coordinated by stroke emergency nurses (p < .01). The new treatment process of AIS further shortens the time of each treatment link and promotes the timeliness.
Nurses' experiences of communicating with patients with aphasia
Authors: Hur Yujin , Kang Younhee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study explored nurses' experiences of communicating with patients with aphasia.DesignA naturalistic paradigm approach was adopted to describe the phenomenon of interest.MethodsParticipants were neurological nurses employed in various neurological departments and recruited using purposive sampling. Group interviews were conducted for 1 hr and 30 min using semi‐structured open‐ended questions. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was followed.ResultsFour generic categories were derived: “Conversations with the aphasic patients are frustrating, which leads to impatience among nurses, and they eventually dismiss the patients,” “Feeling responsible for communicating with aphasic patients but also experiencing guilt for not being able to give adequate care in practice,” “Concerns about communication methods with aphasic patients” and “Desire to learn ways to communicate with aphasic patients.” Appropriate education and support should be given to nurses to facilitate communication with aphasic patients to ensure that they are not excluded from medical benefits because of communication difficulties.
Energy‐efficient cabin climate control of electric vehicles using linear time‐varying model predictive control
Authors: Chen Youyi , Kwak Kyoung Hyun , Kim Jaewoong , Kim Youngki , Jung Dewey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA cabin climate control system, often referred to as a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, is one of the largest auxiliary loads of an electric vehicle (EV), and the real‐time optimal control of HVAC brings a significant energy‐saving potential. In this article, a linear‐time‐varying (LTV) model predictive control (MPC)‐based approach is presented for energy‐efficient cabin climate control of EVs. A modification is made to the cost function in the considered MPC problem to simplify the Hessian matrix in utilizing quadratic programming for real‐time computation. A rigorous parametric study is conducted to determine optimal weighting factors that work robustly under various operating conditions. Then, the performance of the proposed LTV‐MPC controller is compared against a rule‐based (RB) controller and a nonlinear economic MPC (NEMPC) benchmark. Compared with the RB controller benchmark, the LTV‐MPC reaches the target cabin temperature at least 69 s faster with 3.2% to 15% less HVAC system energy consumption, and the averaged cabin temperature difference is 0.7°C at most. Compared with the NEMPC, the LTV‐MPC controller can achieve comparable performance in temperature regulation and energy consumption with fast computation time: the maximum differences in temperature and energy consumption are 0.4°C and 2.6%, respectively, and the computational time is reduced 72.4% on average with the LTV‐MPC.
Influence of fatigue stress on the radial strength of polymeric braided vascular stents
Authors: Jaziri Hiba , Mokhtar Sofiene , Kyosev Yordan , Chakfe Nabil , Heim Frederic , Ben Abdessalem Saber 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetallic stents have been largely used over the last decades to treat vascular diseases like coronary artery or peripheral vessel stenosis. Although they remain the gold standard for vascular treatment, they are subjected to in‐vivo complications such as corrosion, structural failure, fractures, and re‐stenosis due especially to the material which is used. Polymer material being less rigid than metallic material could be a potential solution and would help limiting these issues especially in peripheral vessels where flexibility is required. Among polymeric materials, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been used to develop stents of this study, since its biocompatibility has already been proven especially in the field of cardiovascular applications. Moreover, to guarantee flexibility, braiding technology has been used to manufacture the samples. The goal of this work was to evaluate PET‐braided stents behavior under accelerated fatigue up to 105 cycles. The effect of fatigue on the radial compression strength was then investigated and the material surface was examined by SEM to identify locations of structural failure. The effect of the different manufacturing parameters (braiding angle, braiding pattern, stent diameter, and wire diameter) on the fatigue behavior was also assessed. Results show that stents have a good elastic recovery of their diameters after fatigue despite the friction that occurred between the filaments. Moreover, fatigue loading induces radial strength loss in all stents. However, this loss varies according to the stent design. In addition, no wire fracture has been reported. It comes out from the study that PET‐braided stents show suitable mechanical behavior over accelerated fatigue loading up to 105 cycles and that their braiding parameters have a huge impact on their performances.