bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of positive margins on tumour recurrence and overall survival after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Juez Luz Divina , Barranquero Alberto G. , Priego Pablo , Cuadrado Marta , Blázquez Luis , Sánchez‐Picot Silvia , Fernández‐Cebrián José María , Galindo Julio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of positive surgical margins after curative gastrectomy ranges from 1% to 20%. It has been suggested that positive surgical margin is an adverse prognosis factor, with a higher local recurrence and worse overall survival (OS). However, the management of these patients remains unclear.MethodsA total of 267 patients who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent between January 2010 and December 2018 in our centre were enrolled in this study. Post‐operative histological analysis revealed positive resection margins in 18 patients (8%). Clinicopathological features and outcome of patients undergoing gastrectomy with negative and positive margins were compared.ResultsPatients with positive margins were associated with higher American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, T stage, N stage, median number of positive nodes, diffuse Lauren type, whole stomach involved and poorly differentiated tumours. Local recurrence was described in 50% of cases with positive margins. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the TNM stage was the only independent prognostic factor associated with recurrence. OS for positive margins at 1, 3 and 5 years was 75%, 57% and 26%, respectively. The median survival in patients with positive margins was 38.33 versus 81.17 months for R0 patients (p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis showed that age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.041, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.07, sex (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.22–3.30) and TNM stage (p < 0.001) were independent factors of OS.ConclusionPositive resection margin was an indication of advanced and more aggressive disease rather than an independent prognosis factor for OS or recurrence in gastric cancer.
Stent as a bridge to surgery versus urgent surgery for malignant right colonic obstruction: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zeng Wei‐Gen , Liu Meng‐Jia , Zhou Zhi‐Xiang , Hu Jun‐Jie , Wang Zhen‐Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) for malignant right colonic obstruction remains undefined. The aim of this study was to compare short‐term postoperative and long‐term oncologic outcomes of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery (SBTS) and urgent colectomy for patients with malignant right‐sided obstruction.MethodsA total of 98 consecutive patients who underwent SEMS placement during the period 2004–2015 from three hospitals were included. For comparative analyses, patients were matched (1:2) with 196 patients treated with emergency colectomy from our prospective database.ResultsThe two groups were comparable in terms of demographics and tumor characteristics. The proportion of patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy was higher in SBTS group than urgent colectomy group (75.5% vs. 37.2%; p < 0.001). Patients treated with SBTS were less likely to have a temporary stoma constructed (3.1% vs. 10.7%; p = 0.024). SBTS was associated with significantly less median estimated blood loss (90 vs. 100 ml; p = 0.029), shorter length of hospital stay (11 vs. 12 days; p < 0.001), lower overall postoperative complication rate (18.4% vs. 31.3%; p = 0.018), and wound‐related complication rate (5.1% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.019) compared with urgent surgery. Reoperation rate, 30‐day mortality, and lymph nodes harvested were not significantly different between two groups. Disease‐free survival rate and overall survival rate were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsSEMS insertion is safe and feasible for treating malignant right‐sided obstruction. SBTS is associated with better short‐term outcomes and equivalent long‐term oncologic results compared with urgent colectomy.
The antecedents of well‐being in first‐generation migrant children: A systematic review
Authors: Bajo Marcos Eva , Serrano Inmaculada , Fernández García Mª Mercedes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMigrant children's well‐being has emerged into the spotlight of academic literature and policy‐makers in recent times. This systematic review is aimed at analysing the publication trends on the topic and at synthesising the available evidence on the antecedents of well‐being of first‐generation international migrant children. Systematic searches of primary studies were conducted in 18 databases using search terms related to migration, childhood and well‐being. Three rounds of screening and data extraction, researchers' full agreement and the inclusion criteria produced 39 eligible studies. Critical appraisal of results revealed a fragmentation in the literature, the evidence available being mostly descriptive and focused on involuntary migrants settled in Western countries. A bias across publications overlooking younger migrant children was unveiled. The compartmentalisation of the evidence hindered an understanding of the magnitude of the different effects of migration on well‐being. Antecedents of well‐being have been documented as factors fostering and hindering well‐being. Important gaps in literature and key antecedents of well‐being have been uncovered for voluntary and involuntary migrant children. These findings show limitations in the available evidence pointing to specific suggestions for future research that should help improve interventions at the social and individual levels.
Uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight variability in response to maternal temperament in the goat
Authors: Elmetwally Mohammed A. , Samy Alaa , Eldesouky Ashraf , Lenis Yasser Y. , Eldomany Wael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis prospective study was designed to investigate the effects of maternal temperament on uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight in a goat experimental model. Based on the arena test, behavioral testing related to fear‐eliciting stimulus, goats were divided into nervous (n = 13) and calm (n = 11) groups. After mating, the perfusion of maternal uterine arteries (UTAs) and its related Doppler parameters, blood flow volume (BFV), time‐averaged mean velocity (TAMEANV), acceleration (Acce), and resistance impedance (S/D), were evaluated biweekly from week two until the end of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR) was investigated during the pregnancy in addition to the gestation length (GL) and fetal birth weight (FBW). The UTA‐BFV and TAMEANV, as well as Acce and S/D, were influenced by maternal temperament (p < .05). The FHR showed no significant changes between experimental animals of different temperaments (p = .81). Both GL and FBW were increased in calm rather than nervous goats (p < .05). These results indicated that the maternal nervous (temperament) have negative impacts on uterine artery Doppler indices, fetal growth, and gestational length in a goat experimental model.
Seagrasses in an era of ocean warming: a review
Authors: Nguyen Hung Manh , Ralph Peter J. , Marín‐Guirao Lázaro , Pernice Mathieu , Procaccini Gabriele 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTSeagrasses are valuable sources of food and habitat for marine life and are one of Earth's most efficient carbon sinks. However, they are facing a global decline due to ocean warming and eutrophication. In the last decade, with the advent of new technology and molecular advances, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies focusing on the effects of ocean warming on seagrasses. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the future of seagrasses in an era of ocean warming. We have gathered information from published studies to identify potential commonalities in the effects of warming and the responses of seagrasses across four distinct levels: molecular, biochemical/physiological, morphological/population, and ecosystem/planetary. To date, we know that although warming strongly affects seagrasses at all four levels, seagrass responses diverge amongst species, populations, and over depths. Furthermore, warming alters seagrass distribution causing massive die‐offs in some seagrass populations, whilst also causing tropicalization and migration of temperate species. In this review, we evaluate the combined effects of ocean warming with other environmental stressors and emphasize the need for multiple‐stressor studies to provide a deeper understanding of seagrass resilience. We conclude by discussing the most significant knowledge gaps and future directions for seagrass research.
Homozygous missense VPS16 variant is associated with a novel disease, resembling mucopolysaccharidosis‐plus syndrome in two siblings
Authors: Yıldız Yılmaz , Koşukcu Can , Aygün Damla , Akçaboy Meltem , Öztek Çelebi Fatma Zehra , Taşcı Yıldız Yasemin , Şahin Gülseren , Aytekin Caner , Yüksel Deniz , Lay İncilay , Özgül Rıza Köksal , Dursun Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDisorders of intracellular trafficking are a group of inherited disorders, which often display multisystem phenotypes. Vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) subunit C, composed of VPS11, VPS18, VPS16, and VPS33A proteins, is involved in tethering of endosomes, lysosomes, and autophagosomes. Our group and others have previously described patients with a specific homozygous missense VPS33A variant, exhibiting a storage disease phenotype resembling mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), termed “MPS‐plus syndrome.” Here, we report two siblings from a consanguineous Turkish‐Arabic family, who have overlapping features of MPS and intracellular trafficking disorders, including short stature, coarse facies, developmental delay, peripheral neuropathy, splenomegaly, spondylar dysplasia, congenital neutropenia, and high‐normal glycosaminoglycan excretion. Whole exome sequencing and familial segregation analyses led to the homozygous NM_022575.3:c.540G>T; p.Trp180Cys variant in VPS16 in both siblings. Multiple bioinformatic methods supported the pathogenicity of this variant. Different monoallelic null VPS16 variants and a homozygous missense VPS16 variant had been previously associated with dystonia. A biallelic intronic, probably splice‐altering variant in VPS16, causing an MPS‐plus syndrome‐like disease has been very recently reported in two individuals. The siblings presented herein display no dystonia, but have features of a multisystem storage disorder, representing a novel MPS‐plus syndrome‐like disease, associated for the first time with VPS16 missense variants.
Response to selection for parasitism of a suboptimal, low‐preference host in an aphid parasitoid
Authors: Hopper Keith R. , Wittmeyer Kameron T. , Kuhn Kristen L. , Lanier Kathryn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRisks of postintroduction evolution in insects introduced to control invasive pests have been discussed for some time, but little is known about responses to selection or genetic architectures of host adaptation and thus about the likelihood or rapidity of evolutionary shifts. We report here results on the response to selection and genetic architecture of parasitism of a suboptimal, low‐preference host species by an aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus rhamni, a candidate for introduction against the soy bean aphid, Aphis glycines. We selected A. rhamni for increased parasitism of Rhopalsiphum padi by rearing the parasitoid on this aphid for three generations. We measured parasitism of R. padi at generations 2 and 3, and at generation 3, we crossed and backcrossed parasitoids from the populations reared on R. padi with those from populations reared on Aphis glycines and compared parasitism of both R. padi and Aphis glycines among F1 and backcross females. Aphelinus rhamni responded rapidly to selection for parasitism of R. padi. Selection for R. padi parasitism reduced parasitism of Aphis glycines, the original host of A. rhamni. However, parasitism of R. padi did not increase from generation 2 to generation 3 of selection, suggesting reduced variance available for selection, which was indeed found. We tested the associations between 184 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and increased parasitism of R. padi and found 28 SNP loci, some of which were associated with increased and others with decreased parasitism of R. padi. We assembled and annotated the A. rhamni genome, mapped all SNP loci to contigs and tested whether genes on contigs with SNP loci associated with parasitism were enriched for candidate genes or gene functions. We identified 80 genes on these contigs that mapped to 1.2 Mb of the 483 Mb genome of A. rhamni but found little enrichment of candidate genes or gene functions.
The effect of age on the pressure pain threshold of asymptomatic ankles and knees in young individuals with haemophilia
Authors: Etzweiler Denise , Albisetti Manuela , Meichtry André , Huber Erika O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite adequate medical treatment, many young adults with haemophilia develop joint alterations—especially in ankles and knees. Undetected over years, subtle structural changes cause subclinical symptoms, before problems become obvious. To objectify these silent pressure pains, the pressure pain threshold (PPT) can be measured by algometry.AimThe aim was to investigate and compare the effect of age on PPTs in asymptomatic ankles and knees between boys and young adults with haemophilia and age‐matched controls, in order to gain better knowledge about the alteration of the periarticular structures with increasing age.Material and methodsNineteen persons with haemophilia (PwH; severe or moderate; 8–30 years) and 19 age‐matched controls with ‘healthy’ ankles and knees were recruited. Asymptomatic joints with a Haemophilia Joint Health Score = 0 were included. The PPT was measured on four periarticular points per joint, and the data were analysed with a linear mixed model.ResultsThe PPT of the control group increased with age, whereas the PPT of the PwH decreased. The difference in age effect per year in kPa between PwH and controls was as follows: β [95%‐CI]: −15.41 [−31.63; 0.79]. Although the result was not statistically significant (p = .08), a clear tendency was shown.ConclusionThe results suggest that subclinical alterations in the periarticular structures of these joints may evolve unnoticed over time. However, further research is warranted to determine whether this observed trend is confirmed in a larger sample and at what age the PPT begins to decrease in PwH compared to controls.
Influence of pyrolysis and Silicon infiltration on the properties of CMC parts shaped by composite flow molding
Authors: Bianchi Giovanni , Vitullo Simone , Vodermayer Albert , Ortona Alberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of thermal process parameters on the mechanical properties and final microstructure of SiC‐based ceramic matrix composites parts shaped by composite flow molding, and converted into ceramics by pyrolysis and reactive silicon melt infiltration. Green composite parts consisted of a thermoplastic matrix (PEEK) reinforced with continuous carbon fibers. Parts were pyrolyzed between 960°C and 2000°C and subsequently Si infiltrated between 1600°C and 1800°C, with a dwell time of 1 to 3 h. An experimental plan was defined following a design of experiment (DOE) approach. At high pyrolysis and infiltration temperatures, samples show higher modulus of rupture (280 MPa) and flexural modulus (158 GPa). A qualitative image analysis was adopted to estimate the CMC composition. A predictive model allowing the estimation of the composite toughness as a function of the significant process parameters was derived by applying the DOE methodology and the analysis of variances. The model is based on the observed correlations between the process parameters and their influence on the material property of interest. The most influential parameters are the silicon infiltration temperature and the dwell time. This is due to their control over the reaction kinetics between C and Si to obtain SiC.
Not all that glitters is COVID‐19: a case series demonstrating the need for histopathology when skin findings accompany SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Barrera‐Godínez A. , Méndez‐Flores S. , Gatica‐Torres M. , Rosales‐Sotomayor A. , Campos‐Jiménez K.I. , Carrillo‐Córdova D.M. , Durand‐Muñoz M.C. , Mena‐Hernández G.L. , Melchor‐Mendoza Y.K. , Ruelas‐Villavicencio A.L. , García‐Irigoyen A. , Acatitla‐Acevedo G.A. , Toussaint‐Caire S. , Domínguez‐Cherit J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDescriptions of cutaneous findings associated with COVID‐19 have not been consistently accompanied by histopathology or confirmatory testing for SARS‐CoV‐2.ObjectiveTo describe and classify the cutaneous findings with supporting histopathology of confirmed COVID‐19 inpatients.MethodsWe included consecutive inpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 for whom a dermatology consult was requested. A skin biopsy was performed in all cases. Skin findings were classified as being compatible with a cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19 or as representing a distinct clinical entity.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were studied in whom thirty‐one dermatologic diagnoses were made. Twenty‐two of the dermatoses were compatible with a cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19; nine entities were not associated with infection by SARS‐CoV‐2. The most common COVID‐19‐associated pattern was an exanthematous presentation. In four patients, a new pattern was observed, characterized by discrete papules with varied histopathological findings including a case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. No cases of pernio‐like lesions were identified. Skin findings not associated with COVID‐19 represented 29% of diagnoses and included Malassezia folliculitis, tinea, miliaria and contact dermatitis.LimitationsThere is no gold‐standard test to distinguish between viral exanthems and drug reactions.ConclusionA histopathological study is critical before attributing skin findings to a manifestation of COVID‐19.
Protocol for Indirect Restoration Intraoral Scanning Under Dental Dam Isolation: A Dental Technique
Authors: Caponi Lucas Q. , Flor Eduardo , Ortega‐Martínez Jorge , Figueras‐Alvarez Oscar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to describe an intraoral scanning protocol for indirect restorations utilizing dental dam isolation. This technique consists of the initial scan of both arches and their occlusion. Then, after necessary dental preparation is performed under isolation with a dental dam, intraoral scanning of preparations is performed, maintaining the dental dam in place. The proposed protocol shortens the operative time minimizing clinical factors that can affect the scan accuracy and maximizing preparation margins' visibility, ensuring a stress‐free environment. This method can be applied for chair‐side dentistry and conventional workflow for sending scans to the laboratory technician.
Predictable and host‐species specific humanization of the gut microbiota in captive primates
Authors: Houtz Jennifer L. , Sanders Jon G. , Denice Anthony , Moeller Andrew H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHumans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) harbor complex gut microbial communities that affect phenotypes and fitness. The gut microbiotas of wild NHPs reflect their hosts’ phylogenetic histories and are compositionally distinct from those of humans, but in captivity the endogenous gut microbial lineages of NHPs can be lost or replaced by lineages found in humans. Despite its potential contributions to gastrointestinal dysfunction, this humanization of the gut microbiota has not been investigated systematically across captive NHP species. Here, we show through comparisons of well‐sampled wild and captive populations of apes and monkeys that the fraction of the gut microbiota humanized by captivity varies significantly between NHP species but is remarkably reproducible between captive populations of the same NHP species. Conspecific captive populations displayed significantly greater than expected overlap in the sets of bacterial 16S rRNA gene variants that were differentially abundant between captivity and the wild. This overlap was evident even between captive populations residing on different continents but was never observed between heterospecific captive populations. In addition, we developed an approach incorporating human gut microbiota data to rank NHPs’ gut microbial clades based on the propensity of their lineages to be lost or replaced in captivity by lineages found in humans. Relatively few microbial genera displayed reproducible degrees of humanization in different captive host species, but most microbial genera were reproducibly humanized or retained from the wild in conspecific pairs of captive populations. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiotas of captive NHPs display predictable, host‐species specific responses to captivity.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after small bowel transplantation
Authors: Fidder Sander A. R. , Bolling Marieke C. , Diercks Gilles F. H. , Pas Hendri H. , Hooimeijer Louise H. L. , Bungener Laura B. , Willemse Brigitte W. M. , Scheenstra Rene , Stapelbroek Janneke M. , van der Doef Hubert P. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPNP is a malignancy‐associated autoimmune mucocutaneous syndrome due to autoantibodies against plakins, desmogleins, and other components of the epidermis and basement membrane of epithelial tissues. PNP‐causing malignancies comprise mainly lymphoproliferative and hematologic neoplasms. PNP is extremely rare, especially in children.MethodsHere, we present the first case of a child who developed PNP on a PTLD after small bowel transplantation because of a severe genetic protein‐losing enteropathy.ResultsThe patient in this case report had a severe stomatitis, striate palmoplantar keratoderma, and lichenoid skin lesions. In addition, she had marked esophageal involvement. She had lung pathology due to recurrent pulmonary infections and ventilator injury. Although we found no evidence of BO, she died from severe pneumonia and respiratory failure at the age of 12 years.ConclusionIt is exceptional that, despite effective treatment of the PTLD, the girl survived 5 years after her diagnosis of PNP. We hypothesize that the girl survived relatively long after the PNP diagnosis due to strong T‐cell suppressive treatments for her small bowel transplantation.
Differentiated Fiscal Surveillance and the Democratic Promise of Independent Fiscal Institutions in the Economic and Monetary Union
Authors: Merlo Stefano , Fasone Cristina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe post‐crisis reforms of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) have met with skepticism toward their democratic credentials. This certainly applies to the requirement to set up Independent Fiscal Institutions (IFIs). Drawing on Pettit’s model of republican legitimacy, this paper argues however that IFIs can indirectly increase the democratic character of national fiscal policy while preserving Member States’ autonomy. Such a democratic contribution is further facilitated by nationally differentiated implementation of the EU rules regarding the heterogeneous design and powers of IFIs. Based on a comparative analysis of selected Member States’ “elaboration discretion” in defining the organisation and the mandate of IFIs, the article highlights that these features reflect the variety of constitutional settings at domestic level. It is concluded that this heterogeneity amounts to a form of differentiated integration which allows for a better navigation of the trade‐off between the persistence of fiscal policy externalities and the reduction in national autonomy.