bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of the impact of COVID‐19 on the emergency medical services system in Tokyo
Authors: Igarashi Yutaka , Yabuki Mio , Norii Tatsuya , Yokobori Shoji , Yokota Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has imposed a heavy burden on emergency medical services (EMS) systems. Therefore, we quantitatively analyzed impacts of COVID‐19 on the EMS system in Tokyo.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we used publicly available data, including the daily number of newly diagnosed patients with COVID‐19, the weekly number of transport difficulties, and the field activity time, from March 2, 2020, to January 25, 2021. Data for the same period in the previous year were used as controls.ResultsThe total number of EMS calls decreased by 12.7% in 2020 compared with that in 2019. The number of daily transport difficulties significantly increased in 2020 compared with that in 2019 (89 [72–120] vs 57 [49–63]; P < 0.001). Additionally, the field activity time significantly increased in 2020 compared with that in 2019 (22.7 [22.3–23.8] min vs 20.7 [20.6–21.2] min; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the daily number of new patients with COVID‐19 was positively correlated with the number of transport difficulties (R = 0.76) and the field activity time on the scene (R = 0.74). With an increase in the number of people infected with COVID‐19 by 1,000, the number of daily transport difficulties increased by 86.4. Per 1,000 infected patients per day, the field activity time increased by 3.48 min.ConclusionThis study revealed that the increase in the number of patients with COVID‐19 indirectly affected the EMS system in Tokyo.
Unexpectedly High Capacitance of the Metal Nanoparticle/Water Interface: Molecular‐Level Insights into the Electrical Double Layer
Authors: Azimzadeh Sani Mahnaz , Pavlopoulos Nicholas G. , Pezzotti Simone , Serva Alessandra , Cignoni Paolo , Linnemann Julia , Salanne Mathieu , Gaigeot Marie‐Pierre , Tschulik Kristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electrical double‐layer plays a key role in important interfacial electrochemical processes from catalysis to energy storage and corrosion. Therefore, understanding its structure is crucial for the progress of sustainable technologies. We extract new physico‐chemical information on the capacitance and structure of the electrical double‐layer of platinum and gold nanoparticles at the molecular level, employing single nanoparticle electrochemistry. The charge storage ability of the solid/liquid interface is larger by one order‐of‐magnitude than predicted by the traditional mean‐field models of the double‐layer such as the Gouy–Chapman–Stern model. Performing molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the possible relationship between the measured high capacitance and adsorption strength of the water adlayer formed at the metal surface. These insights may launch the active tuning of solid–solvent and solvent–solvent interactions as an innovative design strategy to transform energy technologies towards superior performance and sustainability.
Bimetallic Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Chemiresistive Detection of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Aykanat Aylin , Meng Zheng , Stolz Robert M. , Morrell Colin T. , Mirica Katherine A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the demonstration of a series of heterobimetallic, isoreticular 2D conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with metallophthalocyanine (MPc, M=Co and Ni) units interconnected by Cu nodes towards low‐power chemiresistive sensing of ppm levels of carbon monoxide (CO). Devices achieve a sub‐part‐per‐million (ppm) limit of detection (LOD) of 0.53 ppm toward CO at a low driving voltage of 0.1 V. MPc‐based Cu‐linked MOFs can continuously detect CO at 50 ppm, the permissible exposure limit required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), for multiple exposures, and realize CO detection in air and in humid environment. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and comparison experiments suggest the contribution of Cu nodes to CO binding and the essential role of MPc units in tuning and amplifying the sensing response.
Structural Insight into the Catalytic Mechanism of the Endoperoxide Synthase FtmOx1
Authors: Wu Lian , Wang Zhanfeng , Cen Yixin , Wang Binju , Zhou Jiahai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG)‐dependent non‐heme enzyme FtmOx1 catalyzes the endoperoxide biosynthesis of verruculogen. Although several mechanistic studies have been carried out, the catalytic mechanism of FtmOx1 is not well determined owing to the lack of a reliable complex structure of FtmOx1 with fumitremorgin B. Herein we provide the X‐ray crystal structure of the ternary complex FtmOx1⋅2OG⋅fumitremorgin B at a resolution of 1.22 Å. Our structures show that the binding of fumitremorgin B induces significant compression of the active pocket and that Y68 is in close proximity to C26 of the substrate. Further MD simulation and QM/MM calculations support a CarC‐like mechanism, in which Y68 acts as the H atom donor for quenching the C26‐centered substrate radical. Our results are consistent with all available experimental data and highlight the importance of accurate complex structures in the mechanistic study of enzymatic catalysis.
Lactone Backbone Density in Rigid Electron‐Deficient Semiconducting Polymers Enabling High n‐type Organic Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Alsufyani Maryam , Stoeckel Marc‐Antoine , Chen Xingxing , Thorley Karl , Hallani Rawad K. , Puttisong Yuttapoom , Ji Xudong , Meli Dilara , Paulsen Bryan D. , Strzalka Joseph , Regeta Khrystyna , Combe Craig , Chen Hu , Tian Junfu , Rivnay Jonathan , Fabiano Simone , McCulloch Iain 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThree lactone‐based rigid semiconducting polymers were designed to overcome major limitations in the development of n‐type organic thermoelectrics, namely electrical conductivity and air stability. Experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrated that increasing the lactone group density by increasing the benzene content from 0 % benzene (P‐0), to 50 % (P‐50), and 75 % (P‐75) resulted in progressively larger electron affinities (up to 4.37 eV), suggesting a more favorable doping process, when employing (N‐DMBI) as the dopant. Larger polaron delocalization was also evident, due to the more planarized conformation, which is proposed to lead to a lower hopping energy barrier. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity increased by three orders of magnitude, to achieve values of up to 12 S cm and Power factors of 13.2 μWm−1 K−2were thereby enabled. These findings present new insights into material design guidelines for the future development of air stable n‐type organic thermoelectrics.
Three‐in‐One C2H2‐Selectivity‐Guided Adsorptive Separation across an Isoreticular Family of Cationic Square‐Lattice MOFs
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Mukherjee Soumya , Qazvini Omid T. , Gupta Arvind K. , Sharma Shivani , Mahato Debanjan , Babarao Ravichandar , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnergy‐efficient selective physisorption driven C2H2 separation from industrial C2‐C1 impurities such as C2H4, CO2 and CH4 is of great importance in the purification of downstream commodity chemicals. We address this challenge employing a series of isoreticular cationic metal‐organic frameworks, namely iMOF‐nC (n=5, 6, 7). All three square lattice topology MOFs registered higher C2H2 uptakes versus the competing C2‐C1 gases (C2H4, CO2 and CH4). Dynamic column breakthrough experiments on the best‐performing iMOF‐6C revealed the first three‐in‐one C2H2 adsorption selectivity guided separation of C2H2 from 1:1 C2H2/CO2, C2H2/C2H4 and C2H2/CH4 mixtures. Density functional theory calculations critically examined the C2H2 selective interactions in iMOF‐6C. Thanks to the abundance of square lattice topology MOFs, this study introduces a crystal engineering blueprint for designing C2H2‐selective layered metal‐organic physisorbents, previously unreported in cationic frameworks.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Neutral Homocyclic Silylene
Authors: Keuter Jan , Hepp Alexander , Massolle Anja , Neugebauer Johannes , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Lips Felicitas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIsolation of the neutral homocyclic silylene2is possible via amine ligand abstraction with potassium graphite (KC8) and subsequent reaction with SiMe3Cl from a bicyclic silicon(I) amideJ. This reaction proceeds via an anionic homoaromatic silicon ring compound1as an intermediate. The twofold‐coordinated silicon atom in the homocyclic silylene2is stabilized by an allyl‐type π‐electron delocalization.2reacts in an oxidative addition with two equivalents of MeOH and in cycloadditions with ethene, phenylacetylene, diphenylacetylene and with 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene to afford novel functionalized ring compounds.
The influence of organic montmorillonite on the breakdown strength and energy density of poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Xie Junhao , Liu Hongxu , Zhao Xuanchen , Hu Jing , Liu Yan , Wang Yucheng , Sun Shulin , Song Shixin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCapacitor films with superior transmittance, flexibility, and high performance have attracted considerable attentions in the field of advanced energy storage devices. Nevertheless, the energy density is always increased at the expense of the dielectric constant or breakdown strength on one side. Therefore, based on the above stated issues, energy storage films with good optical transmission and breakdown resistance were prepared by combining a small amount of lamellar organic montmorillonite (OMMT) with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) substrates by a simple but effective solution blending method. The addition of OMMT effectively converts the crystalline structure of the PVDF matrix, making it more favorable for dielectric energy storage films, and the polymer‐based nano energy storage films exhibit an optical transmission of approximately 90% at 800 nm. More importantly, the presence of OMMT, a unique lamellar structure, effectively hinders the growth of electrical trees within the polymer composite, thereby improving the overall breakdown strength of the composite. Ultimately, at 0.6 wt% filler content, the PVDF/OMMT nanocomposite exhibited a breakdown strength of 460 MV/m and a discharge energy density of 7.26 J/cm3 as well as an energy efficiency of 69%.
The use of umbrella fish species to provide a more comprehensive approach for freshwater conservation management
Authors: Obester Alyssa N. , Lusardi Robert A. , Santos Nicholas R. , Peek Ryan A. , Yarnell Sarah M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Where freshwater species populations are in decline, conservation management requires rapid, cost‐effective approaches to develop recommendations, particularly at broad geographical scales or where species‐specific information is lacking. The umbrella species approach, typically applied to terrestrial taxa, is one potentially useful option to inform large‐scale freshwater management efforts.
A quantitative, integrated approach is proposed for selecting suites of umbrella fish species over diverse spatial scales using a combination of species ranges, life‐history traits, and species vulnerability scores. The approach also uses expert opinion to validate methods and results.
This approach was applied to native fishes in California, and results for two river basins are explored in the context of instream flow management. These examples illustrate how the results could help address two common instream flow management challenges in California: (i) the lack of information related to species‐specific flow requirements in basins with many species; and (ii) the need to move beyond a single species approach to flow management. In addition, the results indicate that the protection of native fishes in California would provide co‐benefits for other aquatic and riparian taxa.
A key benefit of this approach is that the data used to select suites of umbrella species (e.g. species ranges, life‐history traits, climate vulnerabilities) are widely available at varying degrees of specificity for most freshwater fishes. Therefore, this flexible approach could be applied in other regions to aid managers in making freshwater conservation decisions, such as for instream flow strategies, in an efficient and cost‐effective manner.
Distributed resilient filtering for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems subject to hybrid cyber attacks
Authors: Liu Huanyi , Ding Derui , Yi Xiaojian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the distributed resilient filtering issue is studied for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems subject to hybrid cyber attacks and gain disturbances. The gain perturbation could come from data rounding errors due to the fixed word length and is modeled by multiplicative noises. The addressed hybrid cyber attacks consist of both denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and deception attacks, in which the injected signal obeys a Gaussian mixture distribution. With the help of Kalman filtering theory, an optimally distributed filtering scheme is developed and the desired filter gain is derived by minimizing the filtering error covariance at each time instant. Furthermore, when the statistical information on DoS attacks is not available, the states of DoS attacks are identified in real‐time by resorting to a maximum posterior probability estimation approach combined with the classical Bayesian rule. Based on the developed formulas and the identified state, a suboptimal distributed filtering algorithm is established to realize the state estimation. Finally, a simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed distributed resilient filtering algorithm.
On efficient relabeling of symmetric discrete‐event systems
Authors: Jiao Ting , Bai Yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSymmetric discrete‐event systems (SDES) are composed of classes of components with identical structures. By utilizing such symmetry, for specifications irrelevant to the detailed component information, the supervisory control of SDES can be achieved in the relabeled level. Namely, for events fulfilling the same task (similar events) in a class of components, they are relabeled to the same symbol. The relabeling mechanism is first implemented by directly renaming similar events to the same symbol. Then by employing the subset construction algorithm (SCA), the resultant nondeterministic automaton is converted to its deterministic counterpart. As the SCA is computationally intensive, the relabeling algorithm is inefficient, especially when the number of components increases. In this paper, inspired by the construction process of quotient automata, we first employ symmetry to generate the state set of the relabeled automaton. Then the relabeled automaton is generated based on the generated state set and transition information among these states. As we avoid using the SCA to eliminate nondeterminism, the relabeling process is more efficient. A running example is given throughout the paper.
Parenting stress in caregiver‐mediated interventions for toddlers with autism: An application of quantile regression mixed models
Authors: Schlink Andrew , Williams Justin , Pizzano Maria , Gulsrud Amanda , Kasari Connie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditional longitudinal modeling approaches require normally distributed data and do not account for sample heterogeneity. Parenting stress, in particular, can be difficult to model across time without transforming the data as it is usually high for caregivers of children with ASD. This study used novel linear quantile mixed models (LQMMs) to model non‐normal parent stress scores across two caregiver‐mediated interventions involving toddlers with ASD. The sample included 86 caregiver‐child dyads who were randomized to either a parent‐only psychoeducational intervention or hands‐on parent training in a naturalistic developmental intervention. Child and parent‐related domains of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) were the primary outcomes in this study. The PSI was collected at entry, 10‐week exit, 3‐month follow‐up, and 6‐month follow‐up periods. Separate LQMMs were used to model five specific quantiles ( of the two PSI domains across the complete intervention timeline. These five quantiles effectively modeled the entire conditional distribution of parenting stress scores. The LQMMs indicated that child‐related parenting stress decreased across all quantiles within both interventions, with no difference in the rate of parenting stress change between the intervention groups. For parent‐related parenting stress, the effect of intervention depended on the group's stress level; some parents increased their perceived stress within the hands‐on intervention at the 3‐month follow‐up. Overall, this study demonstrated that the use of LQMMs yielded additional information, beyond traditional longitudinal models, regarding the relationship between parenting stress within two caregiver‐mediated intervention protocols. This study also discussed the methodological contributions and potential future applications of LQMMs.Lay SummaryThis study used a newer longitudinal modeling technique to examine how parenting stress changed across two caregiver‐mediated interventions for toddlers with ASD. Results showed that certain parents in the JASPER condition might require additional support as they exit the study and enter into their first follow‐up period. It was also determined that this new modeling technique could be a valuable tool to analyze highly variable data often present in ASD intervention studies.
Regeneration efficiency of strong‐base anion exchange resin for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Authors: Dietz Rebecca , Kassar Christian , Boyer Treavor H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this research were to evaluate the regeneration efficiency of strong‐base anion exchange resin (AER) considering (i) total perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentration, (ii) AER polymer composition, and (iii) regeneration solution composition. Laboratory column experiments were conducted over multiple treatment and regeneration cycles using groundwater spiked with six perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs): perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorobutane sulfonic acid, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Regeneration efficiency was calculated as the mass of PFAAs desorbed from the resin during regeneration divided by the mass of PFAAs adsorbed to the resin during treatment. Higher PFAS concentration in the influent resulted in higher PFAS loading on the resin and higher regeneration efficiency. This was especially true for polystyrene AER, which exhibited greater removals of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids than perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, and greater removal of long‐chain PFAAs than short‐chain analogs. The most important result was the higher regeneration efficiency for solution composed of salt + organic cosolvent than the aqueous‐only solution.
Two‐dimensional Janus group‐III ternary chalcogenide monolayer compounds B2XY, Al2XY, and BAlX2 (X, Y = S, Se, Te) with high carrier mobilities
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Jung Jaehoon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFirst‐principles approach based on density functional theory is employed in order to investigate the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of the two‐dimensional Janus group‐III ternary chalcogenide monolayer (G3TCM) semiconductor series, B2XY, Al2XY, and BAlX2 (X, Y = S, Se, Te; X ≠ Y). The effective masses, band gaps, and carrier mobilities of the entire series of Janus G3TCM compounds are evaluated to comprehensively examine their feasibility as an ingredient in nanoscale electronic device. All the G3TCM compounds proposed in this study are suggested to be realizable based on phonon calculations and estimated mechanical stability. The indirect bandgap of B2XY and Al2XY can be switched to direct bandgap in BAlX2 by constructing Janus‐type structure using group‐III elements. The computationally obtained carrier mobilities according to the deformation potential theory indicated that B2SSe and BAlSe2 have exceptional electron and hole carrier mobility of 2.02 × 104 and 2.58 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, at room temperature.
Assessing the presence of oligoclonal IgM bands as a prognostic biomarker of cognitive decline in the early stages of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Coll‐Martinez Clàudia , Quintana Ester , Salavedra‐Pont Judit , Buxó Maria , González‐del‐Rio Marina , Gómez Immaculada , Muñoz‐San Martín María , Villar Luisa María , Álvarez‐Bravo Gary , Robles‐Cedeño René , Ramió‐Torrentà Lluís , Gich Jordi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn association has been found between the presence of lipid‐specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS‐OCMB) in cerebrospinal fluid and a more severe clinical multiple sclerosis course.ObjectiveTo investigate lipid‐specific oligoclonal IgM bands as a prognostic biomarker of cognitive impairment in the early stages of multiple sclerosis.MethodsForty‐four patients underwent neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 4 years. Cognitive performance at follow‐up was compared adjusting by age, education, anxiety–depression, and baseline performance.ResultsLS‐OCMB+ patients only performed worse for Long‐Term Storage in the Selective Reminding Test (p = .018).ConclusionThere are no remarkable cognitive differences between LS‐OCMB– and LS‐OCMB+ patients in the early stages of MS.
Value of the log odds of positive lymph nodes for prognostic assessment of colon mucinous adenocarcinoma: Analysis and external validation
Authors: Cai Huajun , Xu Tianbao , Zhuang Zhicheng , Zhang Yiyi , Gao Yuan , Liu Xing , Zhuang Jinfu , Yang Yuanfeng , Guan Guoxian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) on cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in colon mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) patients, compared with pN stage and the lymph nodes ratio (LNR).MethodsA total of 10,182 colon MAC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were divided into the training group. The external validation group included 153 patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. The Cox regression method was used to identify prognostic risk factors. Nomograms were evaluated by Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curves. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to develop a novel staging system.ResultsTime‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) to predict CSS showed the areas under the ROC curve of LODDS were always higher than pN stage and LNR. LNR and LODDS classifications can well distinguish the prognosis of patients with the same pN stage. Cox analyses indicated that age, tumor size, pT stage, pN stage, LNR, and LODDS were independent predictors of CSS (p < 0.05). Based on three lymph nodes classifications, we constructed three prognostic nomograms models for CSS. The C‐index of the pN, LNR, and LODDS classification nomograms were 0.746 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.736–0.756), 0.750 (95% CI: 0.740–0.760), and 0.758 (95% CI: 0.748–0.768), respectively. In external validation, we observed the C‐index of LODDS classification nomograms was 0.787 (95% CI: 0.648–0.926). RPA stage, including four stages, was constructed successfully based on pT stage and LNR or LODDS, respectively. The 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year areas under the ROC curve of LNR‐RPA stage and LODDS‐RPA stage were superior to tumor‐node‐metastasis stage.ConclusionLODDS to be a better prognostic factor of CSS for colon MAC patients than pN stage and LNR. A nomogram and RPA stage base on LODDS can provide accurate information for personalized cancer treatment.