bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution along the coastline of South Attica, Greece, after the sinking of the Agia Zoni ΙΙ oil tanker
Authors: Kapsalis Konstantinos , Kavvalou Maria , Damikouka Ioanna , Cavoura Olga 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOil spills at sea pose risks to the marine environment and to the economy of many nations. Marine ecosystems are very vulnerable and precious as producers of oxygen and as regulators of climate. Therefore, their protection and preservation are necessary. In the event of an oil spill, anthropogenic clean-up activities and natural weathering processes can minimize the negative effects on marine organisms, and the marine environment in general. The target of this study was to investigate the status of the sea along the coastline of the Saronic Gulf, Greece, a year after the sinking of the Agia Zoni II oil tanker. Seawater samples from 15 sampling locations from Phlisvos coast to Anavissos, an area easily approached by bathers with recreational interest, were collected and analysed for total petroleum hydrocarbons. Concentrations up to a maximum of 56.6 μg/L were detected. Despite the large extent of the initial hydrocarbon pollution, the immediate clean-up operations and natural weathering and/or sorption processes have reduced the impact of the spill on surface waters.
Genesis of the Yarikçi Hydrothermal Clay Deposit Within the Mesozoic Metamorphic Units, Mihaliççik, Eskişehir, Turkey
Authors: Kadİr Selahattİn , Erkoyun Hülya , Külah Tacİt 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydrothermal alteration led to development of the Yarıkçı clay deposit within the Mesozoic chlorite-, muscovite-, chlorite-muscovite-schist, and garnet-graphite phyllite units along NW–SE- and N–S-trending faults in Mihalıççık in western central Anatolia. The geological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics and genesis of this economically important clay deposit have not been examined in detail previously. The present study has attempted to fill this gap. Green smectitic and cream kaolinitic claystones are abundant with smaller amounts of gray illite, dark brown Fe oxides, and silica phases occurring as stockwork/fracture infill and stain/coating. These units are covered by a dark, hard, sharp-edged, and thick silica cap. Metamorphic units exhibit cataclastic texture due to tectonic activities. Muscovite is mostly degraded to kaolinite, and feldspars show sericitization and argillization. Kaolinite typically has a platy form with irregular margins and locally sub-rounded, book-like texture suggesting hydrolysis during the hydrothermal injections. The association of Fe oxides, cristobalite/tridymite/quartz, gypsum/anhydrite, and jarosite are indicative of intense hydrothermal activities and development of kaolinite under acidic geochemical conditions. The local enrichment of SiO2, Fe2O3, S, Cu, and Au also supports this suggestion. The leaching of Sr, Rb, Ba, and Zr, and the slight increase in LREE/MREE+HREE ratios together with the negative Eu and Ce anomalies suggest the selective dissolution of muscovite, garnet, feldspar, and pyroxene by the hydrothermal fluids. Thus, abundant claystones of smectite and kaolinite were formed via the increase in Al+Fe+Mg/Si and Al±Fe/Si ratios in the alkaline and acidic environment, respectively, under the tectonic control of hydrothermal activity as seen in the alteration of chlorite, muscovite, and feldspar in metamorphic units.
Effect of Travel Restrictions of Wuhan City Against COVID-19: A Modified SEIR Model Analysis
Authors: Li Yue , Hou Shike , Zhang Yongzhong , Liu Junfeng , Fan Haojun , Cao Chunxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:Since December 2019, a new coronavirus viral was initially detected in Wuhan, China. Population migration increases the risk of epidemic transmission. Here, the objective of study is to estimate the output risk quantitatively and evaluate the effectiveness of travel restrictions of Wuhan city.Methods:We proposed a modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) dynamics model to predict the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in Wuhan. And, subsequently, we estimated the export risk of COVID-19 epidemic from Wuhan to other provinces in China. Finally, we estimated the effectiveness of travel restrictions of Wuhan city quantitatively by the export risk on the assumption that the measure was postponed.Results:The export risks of COVID-19 varied from Wuhan to other provinces of China. The peak of export risk was January 21-23, 2020. With the travel restrictions of Wuhan delayed by 3, 5, and 7 d, the export risk indexes will increase by 38.50%, 55.89%, and 65.63%, respectively.Conclusions:The results indicate that the travel restrictions of Wuhan reduced the export risk and delayed the overall epidemic progression of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. The travel restrictions of Wuhan city may provide a reference for the control of the COVID-19 epidemic all over the world.
Development of a Predictive Model for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Niu Yuanyuan , Zhan Zan , Li Jianfeng , Shui Wei , Wang Changfeng , Xing Yanli , Zhang Changran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Early identification of patients with novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who may be at high mortality risk is of great importance.Methods:In this retrospective study, we included all patients with COVID-19 at Huanggang Central Hospital from January 23 to March 5, 2020. Data on clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to explore risk factors associated with in-hospital death. A nomogram was established based on the risk factors selected by multivariable analysis.Results:A total of 150 patients were enrolled, including 31 nonsurvivors and 119 survivors. The multivariable logistic analysis indicated that increasing the odds of in-hospital death associated with higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (odds ratio [OR], 3.077; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.848-5.122; P < 0.001), diabetes (OR, 10.474; 95% CI: 1.554-70.617; P = 0.016), and lactate dehydrogenase greater than 245 U/L (OR, 13.169; 95% CI: 2.934-59.105; P = 0.001) on admission. A nomogram was established based on the results of the multivariable analysis. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.970 (95% CI: 0.947-0.992), showing good accuracy in predicting the risk of in-hospital death.Conclusions:This finding would facilitate the early identification of patients with COVID-19 who have a high-risk for fatal outcome.
Applications of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Technologies During COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Ma Yangmyung , Mushtaq Adeel , Rajper Abdul M. Azam , Shehab Mahmoud , Heybourne Annabel , Song Wenzhan , Ren Hongliang , Tse Zion Tsz Ho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany countries have enacted a quick response to the unexpected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by using existing technologies. For example, robotics, artificial intelligence, and digital technology have been deployed in hospitals and public areas for maintaining social distancing, reducing person-to-person contact, enabling rapid diagnosis, tracking virus spread, and providing sanitation. In this study, 163 news articles and scientific reports on COVID-19-related technology adoption were screened, shortlisted, categorized by application scenario, and reviewed for functionality. Technologies related to robots, artificial intelligence, and digital technology were selected from the pool of candidates, yielding a total of 50 applications for review. Each case was analyzed for its engineering characteristics and potential impact on the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, challenges and future directions regarding the response to this pandemic and future pandemics were summarized and discussed.
An analysis of funding patterns in development assistance for mental health: who, when, what, and where
Authors: Gribble Rebecca S. F. , Liese Bernhard H. , Wickremsinhe Marisha N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Mental health has recently gained increasing attention on global health and development agendas, including calls for an increase in international funding. Few studies have previously characterized official development assistance for mental health (DAMH) in a nuanced and differentiated manner in order to support future funding efforts.

Methods
Data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Creditor Reporting System were obtained through keyword searches. Projects were manually reviewed and categorized into projects dedicated entirely to mental health and projects that mention mental health (as one of many aims). Analysis of donor, recipient, and sector characteristics within and between categories was undertaken cumulatively and yearly.

Findings
Between the two categories of official DAMH defined, characteristics differed in terms of largest donors, largest recipient countries and territories, and sector classification. However, across both categories there were clear and consistent findings: the top donors accounted for over 80% of all funding identified; the top recipients were predominantly conflict-affected countries and territories, or were receiving nations for conflict-affect refugees; and sector classification demonstrated shifting international development priorities and political drivers.

Conclusion
Across DAMH, significant amounts of funding are directed toward conflict settings and relevant emergency response by a small majority of donors. Our analysis demonstrated that, within minimal international assistance for mental health overall, patterns of donor, recipient, and sector characteristics favor emergency conflict-affected settings. Calls for increased funding should be grounded in understanding of funding drivers and directed toward both emergency and general health settings.
Magnetic field annihilation and charged particle acceleration in ultra-relativistic laser plasmas
Authors: Gu Yan-Jun , Bulanov Sergei V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection driven by laser plasma interactions attracts great interests in the recent decades. Motivated by the rapid development of the laser technology, the ultra strong magnetic field generated by the laser-plasma accelerated electrons provides unique environment to investigate the relativistic magnetic field annihilation and reconnection. It opens a new way for understanding relativistic regimes of fast magnetic field dissipation particularly in space plasmas, where the large scale magnetic field energy is converted to the energy of the nonthermal charged particles. Here we review the recent results in relativistic magnetic reconnection based on the laser and collisionless plasma interactions. The basic mechanism and the theoretical model are discussed. Several proposed experimental setups for relativistic reconnection research are presented.
Mandrel degradation model of combined fast and slow processes
Authors: Zhu Yu , Liu Zheng , Yu Famin , Chen Qiang , Feng Wei , Zhang Zhanwen , Wang Zhigang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report the study of degradation for a kind of ideal mandrel material called poly-α-methylstyrene based on theoretical and experimental methods. First-principles calculations reveal two types of process: depolymerization and hydrogen-transfer-induced chain scission. The energy barrier for the former (0.68–0.82 eV) is smaller than that for most of the latter (1.39–4.23 eV). More importantly, reaction rates suggest that the former is fast whereas the latter is mostly slow, which can result in a difference of 5–31 orders of magnitude at 550 K. Furthermore, a thermogravimetric experiment shows that the activation energy of 2.53 eV for degradation is between those of fast and slow processes, corresponding to the theoretical average value of multiple reaction paths. Thus, a mandrel degradation model combining fast and slow processes is established at the atomic level. Our work provides a direction for research into the key technology of target fabrication in inertial confinement fusion.
THE ORDER OF REFLECTION
Authors: AGUILERA JUAN P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtending Aanderaa’s classical result that
$\pi ^{1}_{1} < \sigma ^{1}_{1}$
, we determine the order between any two patterns of iterated
$\Sigma ^{1}_{1}$
- and
$\Pi ^{1}_{1}$
-reflection on ordinals. We show that this order of linear reflection is a prewellordering of length
$\omega ^{\omega }$
. This requires considering the relationship between linear and some non-linear reflection patterns, such as
$\sigma \wedge \pi $
, the pattern of simultaneous
$\Sigma ^{1}_{1}$
- and
$\Pi ^{1}_{1}$
-reflection. The proofs involve linking the lengths of
$\alpha $
-recursive wellorderings to various forms of stability and reflection properties satisfied by ordinals
$\alpha $
within standard and non-standard models of set theory.
JUDICIAL EXPROPRIATION IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW
Authors: Prislan Vid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines the notion of judicial takings in international law and its reflection in the practice of investment tribunals. It takes stock of the already significant body of arbitral jurisprudence dealing with expropriation claims grounded in, or relating to, the acts or omissions of courts, with a view to developing a coherent theory of judicial expropriations. It is suggested that, due to the courts’ specific role in the determination of the underlying proprietary rights that are the very object of international legal protection, judicial measures warrant different conceptual treatment from measures by other State organs. Traditional approaches to expropriation analysis do not take this sufficiently into account and therefore do not provide adequate tools for distinguishing legitimate judicial measures from undue interferences with investors’ rights. It is argued that a sui generis approach is hence needed: where proprietary rights are primarily affected by the impugned judicial action, it is first necessary to determine whether such action is itself wrongful under international law, for only then can it be treated as an act of expropriation. However, the proper analytical approach will ultimately depend on the circumstances of each case and traditional approaches, such as the sole effects doctrine, may still be appropriate where the judicial injury actually flows from wrongful legislative or executive conduct.
Interruptions: Affective futures and uncanny presences atGiemaš, Finnmark
Authors: Lien Marianne Elisabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns affective relations and unexpected interruptions as the planned expansion of an extractive open-pit mining site gathers momentum. The site is a mountain in Varanger, North Norway, criss-crossed by a sand-coloured meshwork of roads that are part of the current infrastructure of a quartzite quarry. Recently purchased by Chinese investors, the mining company Elkem plans a massive expansion of the operations, which will interrupt a wide range of practices and projects, including the migratory movement of reindeer, as well as their grazing patterns. Known asGiemašamongst Sámi speakers, the mountain is also alluded to as a site of other powers, manifesting as unexpected accidents. In this article, I explore how the planned expansion evokes this contested site as more than a singular mountain, and how divergent epistemic formations interrupt the making of extractive resources in multiple ways.
Control of Teleoperation Systems in the Presence of Varying Transmission Delay, Non-passive Interaction Forces, and Model Uncertainty
Authors: Ebrahimi Bavili Robab , Akbari Ahmad , Mahboobi Esfanjani Reza 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYThis paper addresses robust stability and position tracking problems in teleoperation systems subject to varying delay in the communication medium, uncertainties in the models of manipulators, and non-passive interaction forces in the terminations. Fixed-structure nonlinear control law is developed based on the notion of Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity-Based Control (IDA-PBC) scheme. Then, utilizing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theorem, sufficient conditions are derived in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) to tune the controller parameters. Differently from literature, the objectives are achieved without requirement for any passive parts in the model of interaction forces. Comparative simulations and experimental results demonstrate the applicability and superiority of the proposed method.
Dynamic Modeling and Optimal Control of a Novel Microswimmer with Gimbal Based Disks
Authors: Nickandish Ali , Nejat Pishkenari Hossein 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
We have introduced a new low-Reynolds-number microrobot with high 3D maneuverability. Our novel proposed microrobot has a higher rank of the controllability matrix with respect to the previous microswimmers which makes it capable of performing complex motions in space. In this study, governing equations of the microswimmer’s motion have been derived and simulated. Subsequently, we have proposed a cascade optimal control technique to control the swimmer trajectory. In the proposed control scheme, the actuation is provided in a way that an exponential stability on the system trajectory error as well as minimum fluctuations of control signals are achieved.
A cellular automaton-based model of ship traffic flow in busy waterways
Authors: Qi Le , Ji Yuanyuan , Balling Robert , Xu Wenhai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn busy waterways, spatial-temporal discretisation, safe distance and collision avoidance timing are three of the core components of ship traffic flow modelling based on cellular automata. However, these components are difficult to determine in ship traffic simulations because the size, operation and manoeuvrability vary between ships. To solve these problems, a novel traffic flow model is proposed. Firstly, a spatial-temporal discretisation method based on the concept of a standard ship is presented. Secondly, the update rules for ships’ motion are built by considering safe distance and collision avoidance timing, in which ship operation and manoeuvrability are thoroughly considered. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, which is implemented through simulating ship traffic flow in a waterway of the Yangtze River, China. By comparing the results with actual observed ship traffic data, our model shows that the behaviours and the characteristics of ships’ motions can be represented very well, which also can be further used to reveal the mechanism that affects the efficiency and safety of ship traffic.
Predictors of professional commitment for Chinese new generation cohorts in a sample of seafaring officers
Authors: Jia Xiaohui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to examine the predictors of professional commitment of the Chinese new generation, divided into post-80s and post-90s cohorts. A questionnaire survey was employed to collect data from Chinese seafaring officers of these cohorts. The results through hierarchical regression analysis present the two cohorts as having both similar and different predictors. The main difference is that company management and policies positively drive the post-80s cohort to work at sea but not the post-90s. The main similarity is that the work itself is the most important predictor for both cohorts. This study contributes to helping maritime companies to estimate the possibility of Chinese new generation officers quitting sea jobs and can be of value to both managers and authorities as they seek to comprehend the generational dynamic features to better cope with the problem of shortage of younger qualified officers.
Abundance and habitat associations of the globally endangered Giant NuthatchSitta magnain Southern Shan State, Myanmar
Authors: HTIKE THURA SOE MIN , ROUND PHILIP D. , SAVINI TOMMASO , TANTIPISANUH NARUEMON , NGOPRASERT DUSIT , GALE GEORGE A. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe Giant NuthatchSitta magnais a globally endangered species presumed to be declining, for which basic parameters of population and habitat associations remain largely unquantified. We focused on Myanmar, which potentially constitutes ~30% of the Giant Nuthatch global range and yet lacks recently published records. Our objectives were to survey key potential Giant Nuthatch localities in, or near, historical locations in Southern Shan State, assess its population status, and quantify habitat associations. Preliminary locality surveys focused on four potential forest patches, assessed by walking approximately 40 km of trails. The species was found in only one of the four localities (Mt. Ashae Myin Anauk Myin [AMAM]), an 18 km2forest patch in Pindaya and Lawksawk Townships. Here, point counts and vegetation surveys were conducted at 46 locations using an adaptive cluster sampling design. N-mixture models were applied to estimate abundance and identify habitat variables correlated with abundance and detection probability. We also conducted a brief quantitative assessment of tree use and foraging behaviour during one breeding season. Our population estimate for AMAM was 56 individuals (95% CI 25–128) based on a sampled area of 3.25 km2. Abundance was positively associated with larger diameter trees, a higher proportion of pine and oak combined based on their total basal area, and negatively correlated with elevation. Foraging data suggested that Giant Nuthatch preferred to feed on trunks and large branches of larger diameter pines and Fagaceae trees. Based on the estimated population size, AMAM is probably a globally significant locality for Giant Nuthatch and the only confirmed locality in Myanmar since 1992 but is threatened by agricultural expansion. More detailed understanding of the habitat requirements of this endangered species and an assessment of its distribution at the landscape-level, especially in Shan State, would increase the precision of global population estimates.
Sustainability and wellbeing: the dynamic relationship between subjective wellbeing and sustainability indicators
Authors: Qasim Mubashir , Grimes Arthur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe analyse the relationship between individuals' subjective wellbeing (SWB) and measures of their country's sustainability. SWB data are sourced from the World Values Survey; sustainability is measured by ecological footprint (EF) and by components of the World Bank's adjusted net savings (ANS) series. ANS, a measure of weak sustainability, represents changes in a country's capital stock including financial, physical, human and natural capital. We show that an increase in strong sustainability, measured by EF and by ANS's natural capital component, is associated with reductions in SWB over the next decade followed by a rebound in SWB over the subsequent decade. We show also that the perfect substitutability assumptions on which ANS is calculated do not hold. Our findings highlight an important political challenge: governments that run sustainable policies may decrease the near-term wellbeing of citizens. This can reduce government's short-term popularity even though the improved sustainability may raise future wellbeing.