bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of simultaneous absorbance-transmittance and excitation-emission matrix (A-TEEM) spectroscopy to monitor source water contamination for waterworks
Authors: Chen L. , Kow C. , Afira N. A. , Mok E. , Teng S. , Gilmore A. M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Conventional oil-in-water analyzers used by waterworks have hydrocarbon detection limits at mg/L levels and do not identify the type of oil compounds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a more sensitive optical instrument and the analysis method to (1) determine the signature excitation and emission matrixs of each type of oil (such as diesel, heavy oil, gasoline and kerosene) or their indicator organic compounds and enter them into the instrument's software library and (2) test out the effectiveness of the instrument in detecting the above-mentioned oil in local waterworks’ source and treated water. The patented simultaneous absorbance-transmittance excitation-emission matrix (A-TEEM) instrument method was used to identify and quantify low levels of organic contaminants present in a much higher background of other dissolved organic matter components in raw and treated water. Multivariate regression and machine learning techniques were applied and shown to have potential for alerting plant operators to organic contamination events.
Clinical and Regulatory Status of Silymarin
Authors: Ralli Tanya , Kalaiselvan Vivekanandan , Tiwari Ritu , Shukla Shatrunajay , Kholi Kanchan 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Silymarin is a mixture of 9 different active flavanolignans extracted from
the seeds of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) plant. It has been extensively used by local people
and medicinal practitioners in European countries from around 2,000 years for the treatment of liver
and biliary-related disorders.

Aims of this review:
This review article documents and critically assesses, for the first time, up to
date the regulatory status of the silymarin extract for the treatment of hepatic and other diseases.

Methods:
Information was collected systematically from electronic scientific databases including
Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS Publications, Elsevier, SciFinder,
and Wiley Online Library, as well as other literature sources (e.g., books). Additionally, various
regulatory authority websites have been searched for exploring the data.

Key findings:
Silymarin has been approved in different doses for the treatment or adjuvant therapy
for liver disorders by the regulatory authorities of different countries. But, silymarin has still been
used as a dietary supplement in the US, despite its high sales. The potential of silymarin to be approved
for various other indications has been proved by assessing its efficacy in human patients. In
addition to efficacy, it is found to be safe and well-tolerated.

Conclusion:
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that silymarin is an
important medicinal herb with prominent bioactivities. Thus, there is a need to conduct clinical
trials in a larger number of patients to get approval for use in diseases like metabolic syndrome, diabetes
mellitus, cancer, and many more.
Survey of the Story Elements of Isekai Manga
Authors: Price Paul 
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a survey of the story elements in isekai (other world) manga. The large number of available isekai manga series allows the use of a survey to investigate patterns in story elements. These patterns can be used to generate hypotheses about relationships between story elements, authors’ intent, and readers’ interests. The paper begins with a review of the characteristics of isekai manga stories and places the stories into existing speculative fiction ontologies. A brief history of isekai manga and their relationships to roleplaying computer and tabletop games is provided. Finally, descriptions of the survey framework, instrument and results are presented. The survey includes data on 746 manga series identified as isekai manga by publishers or fans. The series are divided into four types (portal-quest, immersive, intrusion, and liminal). A detailed survey was performed on the 427 series identified as “portal-quest” stories (the most common type of isekai stories). The survey results are captured in a database of story elements that is organized based on plot points dictated by the form of the portal-quest stories. The survey found that the majority of the manga series are inspired by first-person shônen and otome computer games. The characteristics of the stories vary with the gender and age of the protagonists (here taken as surrogates for the gender and age of the stories’ target audiences) and this variation allows the generation of hypotheses on the motivations and interests of the different reader demographics and how they are satisfied by the stories.
Ceramic Inlay Bonded Interfaces in Minimally Invasive Preparations: Damage and Contributing Mechanisms in Sliding Contact
Authors: Yu P , Xiong Y , Zhao P , Yu H , Arola D , Gao S 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARY

Background
In the preparation of inlay cavities, a choice must be made between conventional standard and minimally invasive preparation designs; in the long run, this choice can affect the integrity of the bonded interface.

Purpose
To evaluate the effect of minimally invasive cavity preparation designs on the extent and contributing mechanisms of damage to ceramic inlay bonded interfaces.

Methods and Materials
Tooth blocks with 90°, 120° and 75° marginal angles were prepared, representing tooth cavities with conventional standard and minimally invasive preparations with large divergence and convergence angles and bonded to monolithic ceramic (IPS e.max CAD). Vickers indentations were placed at various distances from the bonded interface. The indentation morphology and crack length were observed. Reciprocating wear tests were performed on the bonded interface with a 20-newton (N) vertical load. The wear depth and wear-scar morphology were characterized after increments of cyclic sliding contact.

Results
The 120° group exhibited longer indentation cracks in the ceramic, whereas the 75° group showed larger indentations in the enamel when compared to the 90° group (p&lt;0.001). Consistent with the weaker edge crack resistance, the 120° group experienced the greatest wear (p=0.008), and the wear depth in the enamel of the 75° group exceeded that of the 90° group (p&lt;0.001) in the early stage (5×102 cycles). However, no significant difference in the wear depth (p&gt;0.147) and morphology were found at the later wear stage among the three groups.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, minimally invasive preparations with 120° and 75° marginal angles can result in early sever damage at the ceramic inlay bonded interface but show comparable wear behaviors to the conventional 90° group at the later stage.
New Business Venture into Private Higher Education in Malaysia through Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Abdahir Mohamad Riza , Wan Hussin Wan Sabri , Rasiah Ratneswary 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Higher education institutions (HEIs) are traditionally seen as society's robust institutions but are currently experiencing new difficulties as a result of shifts in both government and society's expectations of their roles as education providers. There is a global call for new models and practices which need HEIs in the private sector to develop what was once business-oriented management competencies. Hence this study addressed the global call for HEIs in Malaysia to be more entrepreneurial and explored the experiences of entrepreneurs who had ventured into the education industry with the aims of business diversification, capacity building, lifelong education and nation-building. The qualitative study explored the context of private universities in Malaysia which included the socio-historical background and experience of seven founders, and their management approaches in establishing their HEIs as successful, sustainable and respectable education providers. A grounded theory approach was adopted to gather data through in-depth interviews with the participants. Their emic perspectives of the challenges and opportunities experienced while managing their respective universities was analysed thematically. The findings revealed that new ventures into private higher education must be spearheaded by individuals with entrepreneurial leadership who would be able to develop and enhance the dynamic capabilities necessary for successfully managing a university. These leaders must also capitalize on the opportunities available and form a team of agile and resilient staff who can withstand and manage changes in the environment. The study also provides a guideline for managing private universities in a more cost-effective manner.

Keywords: Dynamic Capability, Entrepreneurial Universities, Higher Education Institutions, Leadership
The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation on Technopreneurial Intention among Bumiputra Undergraduate Students
Authors: Loon Koe Wei , Krishnan Ramesh , Alias Nurul Ezaili 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Malaysian government has implemented various programs to encourage entrepreneurship among Bumiputra youths. However, the number of young Bumiputra entrepreneurs is still far below the expectation. The fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) and 5G technology has highlighted the importance of technopreneurship. Unfortunately, technopreneurship is still considered new and many challenges remained. This study was geared towards identifying the factors influencing technopreneurial intention among Bumiputra students in Malaysia. It used self-administered questionnaire to survey 138 Bumiputra undergraduate students from a public university in Malaysia. It developed a research model which integrated self-efficacy theory and individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) concept. Based on the analyses performed, it found that information and communication technology (ICT) self-efficacy and two elements of IEO (i.e.: risk-taking and pro-activeness) positively and significantly influenced technopreneurial intention. However, innovation did not influence technopreneurial intention significantly. As such, this study suggested that higher learning institution should realize the importance of technopreneurial education in developing competitive technopreneurs among Bumiputra youths. Furthermore, students should be given more opportunities to pro-actively search for business opportunities, handle actual business to learn risk management and attend ICT courses to increase their ICT capabilities.

Keywords: Intention, Students, Technopreneurship, University
Politeness of Directive Speech Acts on Social Media Discourse and Its Implications for Strengthening Student Character Education in the Era of Global Education
Authors: Prayitno Harun Joko , Huda Miftakhul , Inayah Nabilatul , Ermanto Ermanto , Ardi Havid , Giyoto Giyoto , Yusof Norazmie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Social media is one of the most influential media in all sectors and structures of socio-cultural life, government law politics, science and technology, and especially education. One of the direct impacts on education is strengthening vs. reducing student character education. The purpose of this research is to (a) explore forms of directive speech acts, (b) identify politeness strategies for directive speech acts; and (c) formulate the implications of the politeness strategies directive speech acts of the #sahkanRUUPKS comments on social media towards student’ character building in the era of global computing-communication. This research is qualitative using hermeneutical psychopragmatic techniques. The object of this research was directive speech acts uttered in the #sahkanRUUPKS comments on social media 2019-2020. Data were conducted through documentation technique, note-taking technique, observation technique, and theoretical triangulation technique. Data were analyzed using politeness model of Brown-Levinson and Leech supported by analysis of politeness model of Indonesian socio-cultural harmony. The results of this research indicated that the form of public’s directive speech acts in supervising government policy plan through social media appeared to be actualized into suggesting, criticizing, reminding, appealing, calling, and reminding. The realization of the category of directive speech acts of politeness indicated that the Indonesian people are participatory and accommodative towards a new plan of policy that brings benefits and good for all. The category of the politeness strategies of directive speech acts are begging and asking had a small frequency because to control the government policy plan which is essential to the value order of people's lives requires strict harmonious control. The Indonesian people had a trend to use positive politeness methods in providing input to the government. The public at the general level still showed social awareness and sensitivity towards government policy plans that are circulated through social media coverage. The forms and intentions developing on social media can be wrapped into teaching materials to strengthen character education and the values of politeness for children in the learning process at school. This can be carried out by criticizing the news circulating on social media through positive politeness strategies and wisdom maxim. The wisdom maxim instilled in children is a vital pillar in strengthening children's character education in the era of global communication.

Keywords: Character Education, Directive Speech Acts of Politeness, Global Education Era, Positive Politeness Strategies, Principle Of Social Harmony.
The Effects of Retrieval Practice Across Levels of Thinking and Retention Interval on Reading Comprehension
Authors: Alicia Nero Corrin , Zulkiply Norehan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The present study examined the effect of different types of retrieval practice on reading comprehension across levels of thinking and retention interval in a classroom setting. One hundred undergraduates divided into two retention interval groups (short- and long-retention interval) were asked to read a passage on a topic in Cognitive Psychology and were then required to engage in a retrieval practice learning strategy using the two types of question format (production test and recognition test) and different levels of thinking (lower-order thinking and higher-order thinking). A three-way mixed ANOVA statistical test was used to analyse the data and found no significant differences in reading comprehension across the different types of retrieval practice, suggesting that the performance when using the recognition test is equivalent to when using the production test. The difference in reading comprehension between the different types of retention interval also was not observed, indicating that students in the short-retention interval group retained just as much information as those in the long-retention interval group. Additionally, the present study observed a significant difference in students’ reading comprehension between different levels of thinking, signifying that the students’ performance for the lower-level thinking questions was better than that for the higher-level thinking questions. The present finding contributed to the existing body of knowledge in which it suggested that the performance in reading comprehension when using a recognition test, particularly a well-constructed one, with competitive alternatives was equivalent to when using a production test.

Keywords: Levels of thinking, Question format, Reading comprehension, Retention interval, Retrieval practice
Embracing Internationalization in Gearing Malaysian Higher Education Towards Global Education
Authors: Mustapha Siti Maziha , Abdullah Nabilah , Devarajoo Karthiyaini , Ibrahim Faridah , Suid Suhida Hani , Amirrudin Suraya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Embracing internationalization is the reality in Malaysian tertiary education in this century. Various endeavors and research collaborations have been and are still carried out to achieve the government’s vision to position Malaysia as a tertiary education hub in the region. Using phenomenological approach, this study attempts to highlight challenges and strategies towards achieving internationalization of Malaysian higher education. Twelve lecturers from public and private universities were purposively sampled to discuss issues on internationalization of Malaysian tertiary education. Focus Group Discussions using semi structured interview protocol were undertaken. Data analysis and interpretation were carried out through thematic development. The findings revealed all participants are aware of the pedagogical approaches to be in practice to embrace the dynamics of global cultures convening in Malaysian lecture rooms. They highlighted the advantages of having international students from academic and social perspectives. Also included are ways how local students benefit with the presence of international students. These benefits emerged as participants discussed the consequences of Malaysian campus bereft of international students. In-class challenges and strategies to overcome them were deliberated. The findings also informed lecturers, administrators, and policy makers of relevant aspects to consider when dealing with international students at the tertiary level in Malaysia.

Keywords: global education, internationalization, international students, tertiary education, phenomenology
Control Gubernamental y Normas de Auditoría para el Sector Público en la República Argentina
Authors: Vicente Hernán , Murdolo Germán Gustavo 
Published: November 2021

El Control Gubernamental en la República Argentina presenta en la actualidad un diseño heterogéneo a partir de la sanción de la Ley 24.156/92 de Administración Financiera y Control, encontrándose diversas particularidades en los distintos ámbitos de gobierno. El presente trabajo pretende realizar un breve repaso histórico de las normas de auditoría a nivel nacional e internacional, y su vinculación con la actividad de los Organismos de Control Externo en la República Argentina.
Se realizará en esta primera parte un avance introductorio sobre la actualidad normativa en los Organismos de Control Externo (OCE) de nuestro país, reservando un análisis más profundo en los próximos dos artículos que desarrollarán en forma más específica las normas dictadas por la Auditoría General de la Nación, el Tribunal de Cuentas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y el Secretariado Permanente de Tribunales de Cuentas de la República Argentina.
Determinants of Electric Car Sales in Europe
Authors: Kovárník Richard , Staňková Michaela 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article deals with determining statistically significant factors affecting the sale of battery electric vehicles in different European countries. Typical representative countries were selected on the basis of cluster analysis. The input data for multiple regression models and vector autoregressive models include data for the last decade and thus essentially cover the complete history of the electric car market. Attention is paid not only to the European leader but also to countries with a lower share of electric cars. The results of this study show the existence of a common factor in the countries with different development trends in the battery electric vehicle market. However, differences among individual countries are generally so significant that the identified factors vary from country to country.
Pengaruh Suku Bunga Acuan BI, Nilai Tukar Rupiah dan Inflasi terhadap Non-Performing Loan Sektor Usaha yang Dibiayai Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia
Authors: Sucipto Andy , Firdausy Carunia Mulya 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation on the Non-Performing Loans of manufacturing sectors that were financed by Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The sample used in this study consisted of 8 business sectors, namely mining, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, accommodation, transportation & warehousing, finance, property, electricity, gas, and water. This study used a panel data regression analysis method with a random effect model (REM) approach. The results showed that the interest rate and inflation had no significant effects on the NPL of the manufacturing sector understudied, while the exchange rate had a significant effect on the NPL. However, the coefficient of determination was found to be 36.11 percent. This indicates that other variables affect the NPL of manufacturing sectors financed by the conventional bank in Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suku bunga, nilai tukar dan inflasi terhadap Non-Performing Loan sektor manufaktur yang dibiayai oleh Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 8 sektor usaha yaitu pertambangan, manufaktur, perdagangan grosir dan eceran, akomodasi, transportasi & pergudangan, keuangan, properti, listrik, gas dan air. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi data panel dengan pendekatan random effect model (REM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suku bunga dan inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap NPL sektor manufaktur yang diteliti, sedangkan nilai tukar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap NPL. Namun, koefisien determinasi diperoleh sebesar 36,11 persen. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variabel lain yang mempengaruhi NPL sektor manufaktur yang dibiayai oleh bank konvensional di Indonesia.