bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Novel Genes Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Different Penalized Logistics Regression with High-Dimensional Biological Data from Human Sputum Cells
Authors: Gohari Kimiya , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Mostafaei Shayan , Sheidaei Ali , Daneshpour Maryam S , Akbarzadeh Mahdi , Sharifi Farshad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Comparison of LASSO, smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) and minimax concave penalty (MCP) logistic classifiers in order to reconnaissance of related genes with COPD disease and assessing the genes effects on the progression of the disease based on one of the main classes of cells involved in the disease, Sputum Cells. We used a genome-wide expression profiling to define gene networks relevant to the disease. The data retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) with accession numbers "GSE22148". From 143 samples in GOLD stage 2-4 COPD ex-smokers, 54,675 probes primary were assessed. After normalization, LASSO, SCAD and MCP logistic regressions were applied. K-fold cross-validation scheme was used to evaluate the performance of two methods. All of the computational processes were done using "ncvreg", "Affy," "Limma" and "SVA" R packages. Results: The results of LASSO (AUC=0.95, sensitivity= 0.91, specificity= 0.86) and SCAD (AUC=0.97, sensitivity= 0.95, specificity= 0.85) logistic regression were almost similar. There were 23 and 22 significantly associated genes for LASSO and SCAD, respectively. The only difference between these models is related to "stromal interaction molecule 2". Comparing to MCP approach, the most conservative method, we detected only 7 significant genes (AUC= 0.94, sensitivity= 0.94, specificity= 0.82). Conclusions: In the present study, the relative expressions of thousands of the genes were assessed and identified as associated genes with the progression of COPD. Differential analysis of gene expression data is able to reduce the number of genes but in a limited manner. In order to find an efficient and small subset of genes, we should use alternative approaches like logistic regression. Regularization solves the high dimensionality problem in using this kind of regression.
Shielding techniques for Application Layer DDoS Attack in&nbsp;Wireless&nbsp;Networks : A Methodological Review
Authors: SALUNKE KIRAN , Ragavendran U. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

In today's world the wireless networks are widely preferred as a communication medium as these are infrastructure less networks. The application layer of these networks is targeted by attackers because it is responsible for actual data exchange with privacy of end users. As human dependency on wireless networks is increasing the DDoS attacks i.e. distributed denial of service attack which becomes a nightmare for the researchers. This attack is one of the most devastating attacks that can be executed on web-servers and congest the network keys like socket connections, CPU cycles, and memory database. In this current mobile computing world, the necessity of DDOS attack management is significantly increased because this attack can degrade the entire web experience. Further, this DDOS attack is commenced along with the legitimate requests so it is also important to differentiate DDoS attack from other similar Events. This review endeavors to explore with more emphasis on various privacy preservation scheme for application layer DDoS attack and its management stages like prevention, detection, mitigation and Differentiation along with comparative statement of prominent techniques dis-covered in each stage. This methodological survey report shall lead the way to researchers and network designers to suit the specific management scheme to provide the complete protection of wireless networks from DDoS attack.
Clinical study on the Minimally Invasive Treatment of Early Necrosis of the Femoral Head with Hydroxyapatite Coated Hollow Titanium Rod Supporting the Femoral Head to Prevent Collapse
Authors: Yang Xinmin , Tian Ye , Yao Yao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the treatment effect of minimally invasive treatment of early osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) with hydroxyapatite coated hollow titanium rod. Methods: From 1, January 2003 to 1, January 2019, 72 patients with ONFHⅡ Stage were selected. There were 50 males and 20 females, aged from 28 to 56. Onset time was 8~28 months. Lesion site: 18 left, 38 right, 16 bilateral. Causes of ONFH: 30 alcohol, 28 hormone, 9 trauma and 5 idiopathic patients. ARCO stage: 14 IIA, 33 IIB, 25 IIC. All patients underwent arthroscopic assisted minimally invasive percutaneous core decompression and bone grafting with hydroxyapatite coated titanium rod surgery. Visua Analogue Scales (VAS), Harris score and Images were used for assessing pain, hip joint function and the stability, respectively. Hip replacement was performed finally. Results: 16 patients with heavy hormone use history and femoral head collapse underwent Total Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty (THRA) at the last follow-up. 24 months later, 8 ⅡB cases progressed to ⅡC, 2 cases were stable at ⅡC, 6 cases increased to Ⅲ, and underwent THRA. 12ⅡC cases progressed to Ⅲ, 2 cases were stable at Ⅲ, and 10 cases had articular cartilage surface collapse. THRA was administered 30 months after surgery. VAS score of individual patients increased and Harris score decreased 24 months after surgery, but there was no significant difference between the scores of 12 months and 24 months. The clinical effect of the last follow-up showed that the postoperative improvement rate of this group was 76.13%, among which the best was 100% in IIA, 79.48% in IIB, and the lowest was 58.06 in IIC. Both the patients with IIB or IIC, cases with aggravation and without change were hormonal ONFH. Conclusion: The treatment of ONFH with hydroxyapatite coated hollow titanium rod supporting the femoral head to prevent collapse is feasible. In addition to the Glucocorticoid-induced ONFH stage ⅡC outside, this method to other Ⅱ period lesions in improving the curative effect and preventing the collapse of femoral head articular surface is good and safe.
Correlation Among Residual Pain, Spinopelvic&nbsp;Parameters and Area of Fat Infiltration in Lumbar Multifidus Muscles in Patients after Lumbar Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Zhong Yuxian , Ding Yu , Fu Bensheng , Ma Guanghao , Guan Ling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have reported that pelvic functional training is beneficial for improving low back pain (LBP) in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) after lumbar surgery and that fat infiltration of the lumbar multifidus muscles (LMMs) is one of the most important reasons for residual LBP after surgery. However, little is known about the exact relationship among residual LBP, spinopelvic parameters and the area of fat infiltration in LMM after lumbar surgery. This study aimed to confirm the relationship among residual LBP, spinopelvic parameters and the area of fat infiltration in LMM and to investigate why pelvic functional training can relieve pain symptoms in patients with LDH after lumbar surgery.Methods: One hundred forty-three patients with LDH were involved in this study. Clinical data were collected from a system of digital medical records, including age, gender, course, and weight. On the MRI images, the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of bilateral fat infiltration in the LMM were measured using a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). On the X-ray, sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI) were also measured by PACS. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyse the differences between CSA of fat infiltration in LMM and spinopelvic parameters, and ROC curves were used to reflect the degree of fat infiltration in LMM with spinopelvic parameters.Results: One hundred and twenty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. SS and PI were positively correlated with CSA of fat infiltration in LMM at L3-4 and L4-5 (p < 0.01). At L4-5, SS and PI demonstrated significant positive correlation with the CSA of fat infiltration in the LMM (0.5 < | r | < 0.8). PI also exhibited a significant positive correlation with VAS (0.5 < | r | < 0.8), but SS had a low correlation with VAS (0.3 < | r | < 0.5). At L4-5, only the PI had a significant ROC curve (AUC = 0.836) with a cut-off point score of 0.556 and sensitivity and specificity values of 62.8% and 87.4%, respectively. However, at L3-4 and L5-S1, the AUCs of the ROC curves were all < 0.7 for SS, PT and PI. Conclusions: The wider pelvic anterior tilt, the more severe fat the infiltration in LMM. Residual LBP can be relieved by spinopelvic correction training potentially due to the improvement of fat infiltration in LMM.
Refracture of the Cemented Vertebrae after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: Risk Factors and Imaging Findings
Authors: Xiong Yu-chao , Guo Wei , Xu Fan , Zhang Ci-ci , Liang Zhi-ping , Wu Li , Chen Song , Zeng Xu-wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the related imaging findings and risk factors to refracture of the cemented vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) treatment. Methods: Patients who were treated with PVP for single vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and met this study’s inclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to January 2019. The follow-up period was at least 2 years. Forty-eight patients with refracture of the cemented vertebrae and 45 non-refractured patients were included. The following variates were reviewed: age, sex, fracture location, bone mineral density (BMD), intravertebral cleft (IVC), kyphotic angle (KA), wedge angle, endplate cortical disruption, cement volume, surgical approach, non-PMMA-endplate-contact (NPEC), cement leakage, other vertebral fractures, reduction rate (RR), and reduction angle (RA). Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to identify the independent risk factors of refracture. Results: Refracture was found in 48 (51.6%) patients. Four risk factors, including IVC (P=0.005), endplate cortical disruption (P=0.037), larger RR (P=0.007), and NPEC (P=0.006) were found to be significant independent risk factors for refracture. Conclusions: Patients with IVC or larger RR, NPEC, or endplate cortical disruption have a high risk of refracture in the cemented vertebrae after PVP.
Estimation of Trends of Ageing Index of Iran from 1966 to 2016 and Prediction of these indices in 2026
Authors: Shahriyari Habib Allah , Sedehi Morteza , Kheiri Soleiman , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Amiri Masoud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In the recent years, one of the most important issues of the demographic day that has attracted a lot of attention and will intensify is the aging population and the consequences of trend population growth. This study was aimed to estimate the Ageing Index (AI) of Iran from 1966 to 2016 and prediction of these indices in 2026. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study included Ageing Index of Iran from 1966 to 2016 was investigated and then, using Minitab16 software and time series models, the prediction of these indicators for the next 10 years (2026) was studied. The library and documentary methods have been used to collect information and raw data from the General Population and Housing Census in 2016. The statistical population includes the total population of the elderly (65 years and above) of urban and rural areas of Iran.Results: According to our findings, the index of aging will reach 6.36% in 1966 to 37.36% in 2016, and is expected to increase to 10.2% in 2026. The life expectancy of women and men in 2016 was 76.7 and 74.5, respectively, and expected to reach 78.3 and 76 years in 2026, respectively. The Human Development Index has risen from 52.0% in 1355 to 0.77% in 2016 and is expected to reach 80.8% by 2026. Based on result this study the evaluation of demographic indices such as sex ratio, the proportion, average annual growth rate, dependency ratio and ageing index for the Iranian elderly population at 2006 were 108,7.3%, 2.5%, 43.4% and 29, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the aging indicator has a rising trend that requires proper planning for proper welfare. Based on trend population growth in the next decades Iran will going to experience an increasing proportion of elder population. Attention to needs and quality of life in elderly is very important because of improving living condition in this population could lead to improved quality of life. Also, policy makers should pay more attention to the health demands of the elderly.
Hepatitis E Prevalence, Knowledge, and Practice of Preventive Measures Among Adolescents In Rural Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mbachu Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline , Ebenebe Joy Chinelo , Okpara Henry Chima , Chukwuka John Onuora , Mbachu Ikechukwu Innocent , Elo-Ilo Jacinta Chinyere , Ndukwu Chizalu Ifeyinwa , Egbuonu Ifeoma 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: There is a paucity of data on the knowledge and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E infection. Determination of knowledge and practice of preventive measures are necessary for informed health education for the prevention of Hepatitis E infection and other communicable diseases. The study evaluated the prevalence of Hepatitis E, knowledge, and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E virus infection among adolescents in rural Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months among rural Nigerian secondary school adolescents. An interviewer-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic profile, knowledge, and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E infection. Blood samples collected from participants were analysed for Hepatitis E IgG using Elisa Kits (Sigma Diagnostics, USA). Data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. Tests of association were done with a level of significance set at 5%. Results: A total of 9 out of the 414 participants tested positive for Hepatitis E IgG antibodies giving a prevalence of 2.2%. Significant factors for Hepatitis E infection were male gender {P =0.004} and school {P < 0.001}. Most participants (98.6%) had poor knowledge of Hepatitis E infection, 239(57.7%) had good preventive practices, while 175(42.3%) had average preventive practices. Conclusion: Male gender, school, and practice of preventive measures had a significant association with Hepatitis E infection.
Impact of the temperature of stars on their Redshift
Authors: Kalhor Bahram , Mehrparvar Farzaneh , Kalhor Behnam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report a positive correlation (0.914384) between the possibility of finding unexpected high Redshift (Z > 0.001) and the average temperature of nearby stars in different categories. The paper uses SIMBAD Astronomical Database for analyzing information of 58,916 nearby stars. The study shows that as the temperature of stars rises, the chance of finding stars with the unexpected high Redshift will be increased more than 43 times, especially around 10,000 K. The average temperature and average Redshift of 58,717 stars are equal to the 6,346 K and 9.73353E-05. On the other hand, the average temperature and average Redshift of 199 stars with high Redshift are equal to the 9,771 K and 0.453568. We cannot describe the high Redshift of all massive stars by gravitational Redshift because there are many supermassive objects with low Redshift. Hence, the relationship between the temperature and the unexpected high Redshift of stars questions expansion of space theory, gravitational Redshift, and the Hubble constant.
Inadvertent Human Mucosal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant S1 Protein Elicits Immunity
Authors: Carbonell  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Native immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins may be sufficient to elicit protective immunity in humans. Accidental mucosal exposure in a laboratory scientist (P001) to a commercially-obtained, purified SARS-CoV-2 recombinant S1 subunit (S1) protein resulted in S1-reactive antibodies with serum titers up to 1:12,800. A surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) demonstrated enduring neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). P001 PBMCs and whole blood exposed to S1 protein resulted in interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release ex vivo. Importantly, no systemic adverse events were observed. Potent immunogenicity of full-length S1 protein in a water-in-oil emulsion provides important clues for COVID-19 vaccine development and may serve as the basis of a low-cost, stable, and highly scalable intranasal vaccine candidate to address COVID-19 globally.
In vitro Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Antioxidant Properties of Platinum(IV)-hydrazide Complexes: Molecular Modeling of Free- Hydrazides Suggested as Potent Lipoxygenase Inhibitor
Authors: Badar Rooma , Ashiq Uzma , Jamal Rifat Ara , Akhter Parveen , Mahroof-Tahir Mohammad , Gul Sana , Ali Syed Tahir 
Published: February 2021

Background:
A combination of biologically active ligand and metal in one molecule may
increase the activity and reduce the toxicity.

Objectives:
In this study, the synthesis and characterization of platinum(IV) complexes with bioactive
hydrazide ligands are discussed.

Method:
Elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, and spectroscopic studies were used to
elucidate the structure of complexes.

Results:
Our study suggests that hydrazide ligands coordinate with Pt(IV) in a bidentate fashion. The
platinum(IV) complexes have octahedral geometry with a metal to ligand ratio of 1:2. Hydrazide
ligands were coordinated with central metal platinum(IV) by oxygen of carbonyl group and nitrogen
of primary amine. Synthesized complexes exhibited variable DPPH radical scavenging and lipoxygenase
inhibition activity. Furthermore, it is also found that Pt(IV)-hydrazide complexes are more
potent superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavengers than their uncoordinated hydrazide ligands,
while in the case of lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition, some of the free hydrazide ligands are more
active than their respective Pt(IV) complexes. In silico docking technique explores molecular interactions
of synthesized ligands in the active site of the lipoxygenase enzyme. Predicted docking energies
are in good agreement with experimental data suggesting that in silico studies might be useful for the
discovery of therapeutic candidates.

Conclusion:
Structure-function relationship demonstrates that the radical scavenging and enzyme
inhibition activities of the Pt(IV) compounds are affected by the nature of the ligand, position of
substituent, electronic and steric effects. However, electronic factors seem to play a more important
role than other factors.
Neurological Associations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Javed Amaan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has compelled us to scrutinize
major outbreaks in the past two decades, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), in 2002,
and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), in 2012. We aimed to assess the associated neurological
manifestations with SARS CoV-2 infection.

Methods:
In this systematic review, a search was carried out by key-electronic databases, controlled
vocabulary, and indexing of trials to evaluate the available pertinent studies which included
both medical subject headings (MeSH) and advanced electronic databases comprising PubMed,
Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Peer-reviewed
studies published in English and Spanish were considered, which reported data on the neurological
associations of individuals with suspected or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcomes
were nervous signs or symptoms, symptom severity, and diagnoses.

Findings:
Our search identified 45 relevant studies, with 21 case reports, 3 case series, 9 observational
studies, 1 retrospective study, 9 retrospective reviews, and 2 prospective reviews. This systematic
review revealed that most commonly reported neuronal presentations involved headache, nausea,
vomiting and muscular symptoms like fibromyalgia. Anosmia and ageusia, defects in clarity
or sharpness of vision (error in visual acuity), and pain may occur in parallel. Notable afflictions in
the form of anxiety, anger, confusion, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and post-intensive care syndrome
were observed in individuals who were kept in quarantine and those with long-stay admissions
in healthcare settings. SARS CoV-2 infection may result in cognitive impairment. Patients
with more severe infection exhibited uncommon manifestations, such as acute cerebrovascular diseases
(intracerebral haemorrhage, stroke), rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Interpretation:
SARS-CoV-2 patients experience neuronal presentations varying with the progression
of the infection. Healthcare professionals should be acquainted with the divergent neurological
symptoms to curb misdiagnosis and limit long-term sequelae. Health-care planners and policymakers
must prepare for this eventuality, while the ongoing studies increase our knowledge base
on acute and chronic neurological associations of this pathogen.
Application of Sit-To-Stand Assistive Device Based on Hip Support
Authors: Zhang Huaiqiang , Xue Qiang , Yang Shuo , Wang Tongtong , Zhou Binwei 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Completing the transition from a sitting position to a standing position is a basic skill in people’s daily lives and is crucial for independent living. Lower limb dysfunction will bring many inconveniences into a person’s life and greatly affect their quality of life. Patients with lower limb dysfunction are a specialized group, and nursing problems for this group are becoming increasingly serious. Helping patients with lower limb dysfunction restore their lower limb mobility or assisting them to walk is a social problem necessary to be solved.

Objective:
: To review the recent sit-to-stand assistive devices based on hip support, classify them systematically and introduce their characteristics, including the mechanisms and the types of patients for which such mechanisms are applicable; to help patients with lower limb dysfunction or doctors (therapists) understand and choose a reasonable sit-to-stand assist device based on hip support.

Methods:
This paper summarizes literatures and patents about sit-to-stand assistive devices. From the aspects of structural characteristics, drive type and support modes based on the hip and applications situation, the advantages and disadvantages of the typical sit-to-stand assist devices are represented.

Results:
Current and future development trends on the structural characteristics, drive type and support modes based on the hip and applications situation of sit-to-stand assist devices are discussed to improve the humanization, modularization and applicability of sit-to-stand assist devices.

Conclusion:
Sit-to-stand assistive devices based on hip support can help patients improve the quality of their life, assist patients carrying out rehabilitation training, and delay the decline of lower limb function. However, the existing sit-to-stand assistive devices based on hip support need further improvement in the aspects of motion mechanism, new technology application and ergonomics design.
Prevention and Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among the Health Care Workers
Authors: Sharma Juhi , Sharma Divakar 
Published: February 2021

:
COVID-19 is currently threatening the globe. SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19,
which spreads via droplets/airborne and direct contact. Health care workers (HCWs) are the frontline
workers, which are directly involved in taking care of patients affected by COVID-19. HCWs
are at a higher risk of infection during the caring of COVID-19 patients. This focused review highlighted
the higher risk for COVID-19 infection among health care professionals during close contact
with patients and their preventive management in COVID-19 pandemic.