bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We are left with nothing to work with”; challenges of nurses working in the emergency unit at a secondary referral hospital: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Afaya Agani , Bam Victoria , Azongo Thomas Bavo , Afaya Richard Adongo , Yakong Vida Nyagre , Kpodo George Kwame , Kaba Robert Alhassan , Zinle Denis Albanus Nangsire , Tayuu Daniel Kofi , Asantewaa Stella , Adatara Peter 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
In recent times, there has been an increasing burden in traumatic, medical, and surgical emergency conditions, placing more emphasis on the need for quality emergency care. This study aimed to explore the challenges experienced by nurses working in the emergency unit of a secondary referral hospital.

Methods
The study used an exploratory qualitative research design with a constructivist approach and a grounded theory method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews lasting between 30 to 45 minutes using a semi-structured interview guide. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse data.

Results
Eleven (11) participants were interviewed. The majority were female (9), aged between 31–40 years. From the inductive content analysis, four themes emerged. These were; 1) overcrowding in the emergency unit, 2) understaffing at the emergency unit, 3) lack of emergency equipment, 4) inadequate managerial support.

Conclusion
The study identified several major challenges confronting nurses working in the emergency unit which are linked with managerial processes and inadequate managerial support. These challenges need to be addressed to promote quality emergency nursing care. To foster a positive working environment, hospital management should validate and address the aforementioned concerns of the Emergency Department nurses.
Effect of sex/gender on obesity traits in Canadian first year university students: The GENEiUS study
Authors: Sharma Tanmay , Morassut Rita E. , Langlois Christine , Meyre David 
Published: February 2021

Background
While weight gain during first year of university has been well documented in North America, literature on sex-specific effects is scarce and inconsistent. The objective of this investigation was to explore sex-specific changes in obesity traits during first year of university at McMaster University (Ontario, Canada).

Methods
245 first-year students (80.4% females) were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year. Obesity parameters including weight, waist and hip circumferences, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were investigated. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for pairwise comparison of traits in the absence of adjustments. Additionally, the repeated-measures ANOVA test was used with covariate adjustments to investigate the interaction between sex and time.

Results
Overall sample trends indicated a significant increase in mean weight by 1.55 kg (95% CI: 1.24–1.86) over the school year (p<0.001). This was accompanied by significant gains in BMI, and waist and hip circumferences (p<0.001) in the overall sample. At baseline, males presented with higher body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and WHR, as compared to their females counterparts (p<0.01). Additionally, sex-stratified analysis indicated significant gains in weight, BMI, and waist and hip circumferences in both males and females (p<0.01). However, a comparison of the magnitude of change over time between the two sex groups revealed no significant difference for any of the investigated traits (p>0.05).

Conclusion
While our study confirms significant weight gain in both male and female first year university students in Ontario, Canada, it does not show sex specific differences within this context. Our investigation highlights the importance of accounting for sex and gender in health research and supports the need of further studies in this area.
Diagnostics of interstellar medium parameters on non-discrete timing irregularities of pulsars
Authors: U. Iyida E. , I. Eze C. 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a large homogenous sample of Jodrell Bank Observatory (JBO) radio pulsars was used to investigate the statistical effects of interstellar medium (ISM) parameters: dispersion and rotation measure (DM and RM, respectively) on non-discrete timing irregularities of our sample (whose observed timing activity timescales span over 40 years). This is done by using the correlations between the measured DM and RM, and some parameters that have been commonly used to measure non-discrete timing irregularities [timing activity parameter (A), the amount of timing fluctuations absorbed by the cubic term (ÏƒR23), measure of pulsar rotational stability (Ïƒz ) and stability parameter (âˆ†8)]. Our results show that ISM parameters positively correlate (r > 0.60) with the pulsar timing irregularities parameters of our sample. The significant relationships observed are discussed.Â Â
Solving practical waste collection with time windows in an urban area
Authors: Almutairi Abdulwahab 
Published: February 2021

In logistics, several algorithms can be implemented in order to solve the problems of the vehicle routing with variants in order to find near-optimal solutions. Waste Collection can be considered as an essential logistic activity within any area or city. This kind of paper is aimed to implement Iterated greedy (IG) and Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) to solve waste collection vehicle routing problem with time windows on a real-case study. The idea is to generate an efficient way to collect waste problems in an area located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Moreover, generating a route plays a significant role in terms of serving all customersâ€™ demands who have own different time windows of receiving goods. Also, the performance of the proposed algorithms according to all instances is examined and minimizing the total costs and meeting all constraints that related to capacity, time windows, and others. To evaluate the execution of the presented algorithms, the computational results showed essential improvements, and also ALNS algorithm generates reasonable solutions in terms of total costs and a reasonable amount of time, when compared to other algorithms.Â Â
Justifications for using interactive online education
Authors: Yacoub Abu-Bajeh Zaid , Alayham Abbas Rabab 
Published: February 2021

The world is currently witnessing a renaissance of knowledge that can be described as the information era, the Educational environments became increasingly diverse, therefore, the institutions working in the educational field, are constantly seeking to create an efficient educational process to communicate knowledge to learners by the best possible ways and providing methods that aim to achieve the participation and create a link between the teacher and learners within the teacher guidance, in proportion to technological changes in the educational systems, where online education has undergone major changes in the organizational method of teaching. This prompts to focus on feedback as critically important in the educational process. The amount and type of interaction and feedback between the teacher and the learners depend on the link used; it is difficult to read "body language" of the learners over an audio link or recorded video, so the success of feedback process depends on face-to-face communication. This paper presents models of online education, and provides justifications for using interactive online education, and explains that there is a need for more researches in this field and take an active role in evaluating, selecting, and integrating tools and services that emphasize more teaching interactions.Â Â
The Phenomenon of Assimilation of Al-Tha'alabi (875 AH) In His Interpretation Al-Jawaher Al-Hissan
Authors: Muhammad Abduljabar A. , Al- Samrahy Ibrahim A. 
Published: February 2021

This study examines one of the phonetic phenomena in the interpretation of Al-Jawaher Al-Hissan for Al-Tha’alibi (d.875 AH), which is: assimilation. It occurs due to the influence of sounds and the contiguity surrounding sounds, and often it is occurring in environments that the speaker tends to rush in the utterance of words, and mix them together, and not to give the letter its phonetic right to fully pronounce it. The assimilation is a way to reduce the difficulties in pronouncing sounds and get rid of identical or similar sounds that are occurring sequentially. Because the Arabs have the independence to tilt their tongue from a position and then return it to it, it is not easy for a speaker to move an organ of articulation twice in a row while uttering two identical sounds or sounds produced from the same area of articulation. Arab grammarians and recitation scholars have both focused in their treaties on assimilations and classified it into different categories, depending on their approaches. This research follows the classification of Al-Tha’alibi’s, who classifies assimilations into: progressive, regressive, and coalescent. These types were reflected in the different Quran recitations which bears witness to Arab’s various dialects. In addition to assimilation, there is another linguistic term called the voicing of the identical letters, which is a well-known phonological Arabic language feature.
The Semantic ills for Qur’anic Recitations in "Kitab al-Saba 'fi al-Qira'at" by Ibn Mujahid
Authors: Shamsaldin Aseel S. 
Published: February 2021

The semantic reasoning (العلّة) is the explanation of the linguistic phenomenon, the influence behind it and the explanation of the reasons that made it the way it is used. The scholars guided a group of semantic causes, and this guidance is based on hearing the Arabs from what was transmitted in the correct narration outside the limit of the few to the point of abundance. while it was proven from the eloquent documented speech, they were invoked in directing holy verses to confirm and rejecting what has been proved through hearing the ancestor’s speeches. While scholars mistily are committed to rules of the semantic reasoning, there are some discussions about how, when and if the semantic reasoning could be followed. Among these disputes is pronunciation of (و) in the holy verse: "وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُواْ مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا" (Al-Tawba, 107). This research is dedicated to discuss the phenomena in Arabic language.
Territórios femininos por explorar no mapa do cinema português contemporâneo
Authors: Pereira Ana Sofia 
Published: February 2021

Recensão do livro recém-lançado Women's Cinema in Contemporary Portugal (Mariana Liz e Hilary Owen), que procura remapear o cinema português dos últimos cinquenta anos para incluir territórios femininos, dando visibilidade a mulheres cineastas e sua obra.
Parties and Politics in the ‘Parting of Ways’ Narrative: Reevaluating Congress-Muslim League Negotiations in Late Colonial India
Authors: Dhulipala Venkat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Historians trying to understand the processes that led to India’s Partition in 1947 have often asseverated that a progressively widening gap between the Indian Muslims and the Congress led nationalist movement ultimately led to the division of the subcontinent. Within this narrative, one strand of opinion has argued that the Congress failed to attract any appreciable Muslim support right from its inception, and that Muslim aloofness from the Congress was of a much longer vintage than most historians often like to acknowledge.1 A second perspective holds that Muslim alienation became marked after the collapse of the Khilafat movement in the early 1920s that saw Hindu-Muslims riots breaking out in many parts of India.2 A third view sees an irreversible ‘parting of ways’ with the rejection of 1928 Nehru Report that was viewed by almost all shades of Indian Muslim opinion as providing insufficient safeguards for India’s Muslim minority.3 But even if there are differences regarding the origins of this rupture, there is consensus that relations between the Congress and the Muslims finally broke down and became irreparable in the aftermath of the 1935 Government of India (GOI) Act, especially after Congress governments were formed in the provinces that excluded the Muslim League.
Indo-Persian narrative literature: Cultural translation and rewriting of Indian stories in Persianate South Asia
Authors: Shahbaz Pegah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present article aims to study the translation and rewriting process of Indian narratives in Persian during the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) and the Mughal period (1526–1858), and to examine their cultural adaptations and strategies of adjustment to the Muslim recipient culture involving a reciprocal exchange of literary and cultural elements and religious interpretations. In the first stage, the features of Indo-Persian narrative tradition are briefly introduced with regards to structure and integral themes and in the second, the acculturation of Indian elements will be analysed according to Islamic principles and mystical thoughts in a selection of literary texts produced by Muslim Persian scholars. The article will focus on the representations of gender in stories and the perception of justice in the Perso-Islamic context to see, in particular, how narratives carried across Indian rituals and women’s codes of conduct to the Muslim readership; in other words, we try to shed light on how the alienated Indian became domesticated in the Persian-Muslim world of thought.
Asymptotics with remainder term for moments of the total cycle number of random A-permutation
Authors: Yakymiv Arsen L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Dedicated to the memory of Alexander Ivanovich Pavlov.
We consider the set of n-permutations with cycle lengths belonging to some fixed set A of natural numbers (so-called A-permutations). Let random permutation τ

n
be uniformly distributed on this set. For some class of sets A we find the asymptotics with remainder term for moments of total cycle number of τ

n
.
On the dependence of the complexity and depth of reversible circuits consisting of NOT, CNOT, and 2-CNOT gates on the number of additional inputs
Authors: Zakablukov Dmitry V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper is concerned with the complexity and depth of reversible circuits consisting of NOT, CNOT, and 2-CNOT gates under constraints on the number of additional inputs. We study the Shannon functions for the complexity L(n, q) and depth D(n, q) of a reversible circuit implementing a map

f
:

ℤ
2
n

→

ℤ
2
n

$f\colon \mathbb{Z}_2^n \to \mathbb{Z}_2^n$

under the condition that the number of additional inputs q is in the range

8
n
<
q
≲
n

2

n
−

⌈

n

/
ϕ
(
n
)

⌉

$8n < q \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel<\over
{\smash{\scriptstyle\sim}\vphantom{_x}}$}} n{2^{n - \left\lceil {n{\rm{ }}/\phi (n)} \right\rceil }}$

, where ϕ(n) → ∞ and n / ϕ(n) − log2
n → ∞ as n → ∞. We establish the upper estimates

L
(
n
,
q
)
≲

2
n

+
8
n

2
n

/
(

log

2

(
q
−
4
n
)
−

log

2

n
−
2
)

$L(n,q) \lesssim 2^n + 8n2^n \mathop / (\log_2 (q-4n) - \log_2 n - 2)$

and

D
(
n
,
q
)
≲

2

n
+
1

(
2
,
5
+

log

2

n
−

log

2

(

log

2

(
q
−
4
n
)
−

log

2

n
−
2
)
)

$D(n,q) \lesssim 2^{n+1}(2,5 + \log_2 n - \log_2 (\log_2 (q - 4n) - \log_2 n - 2))$

for this range of q. The asymptotics

L
(
n
,
q
)
≍
n

2
n

/

log

2

q

$L(n,q) \asymp n2^n \mathop / \log_2 q$

is established for q such that

n
2

≲
q
≲
n

2

n
−

⌈

n

/
ϕ
(
n
)

⌉

${n^2} \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel<\over
{\smash{\scriptstyle\sim}\vphantom{_x}}$}} q \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel<\over
{\smash{\scriptstyle\sim}\vphantom{_x}}$}} n{2^{n - \left\lceil {n{\rm{ }}/\phi (n)} \right\rceil }}$

, where ϕ(n) → ∞ and n / ϕ(n) − log2
n → ∞ as n → ∞.
Rheological properties of two high polymers suspended in an abrasive slurry jet
Authors: Wang Xinyong , Zhou Dapeng , Zhu Guodong , Guo Chuwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With high polymer added into suspension, the use of abrasive slurry jet (ASJ) has significant advantages in energy management. The quality and efficiency of ASJ are affected distinctly by its structure and the flow field feature, both of which depend on the rheological properties of the abrasive slurry. Therefore, this paper carries out a series of experiments to study the rheological properties of abrasive slurry with polyacrylamide (PAM) and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) commonly used in ASJ. The paper also explores the effect of temperature and abrasive on the apparent viscosity of the abrasive slurry. Experimental results show that PAM and CMC solutions behave as a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid in the selected concentration range, whose apparent viscosity increases with the concentration. In addition, specific non-Newtonian fluid constitutive equations of the power-law model for PAM and CMC solution were obtained by nonlinear fitting calculation. The apparent viscosity decreases with the growth of temperature because it leads to the increase in spacing between molecules, making the attraction between molecules smaller and smaller. However, the abrasive has no influence on the apparent viscosity of abrasive slurry for these molecular bonds, and their mechanical entanglements are not destroyed by abrasive particles in the suspension.
Aromatic polyamide nonporous membranes for gas separation application
Authors: Bera Debaditya , Chatterjee Rimpa , Banerjee Susanta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polymer membrane-based gas separation is a superior economical and energy-efficient separation technique over other conventional separation methods. Over the years, different classes of polymers are investigated for their membrane-based applications. The need to search for new polymers for membrane-based applications has been a continuous research challenge. Aromatic polyamides (PAs), a type of high-performance materials, are known for their high thermal and mechanical stability and excellent film-forming ability. However, their insolubility and processing difficulty impede their growth in membrane-based applications. In this review, we will focus on the PAs that are investigated for membrane-based gas separations applications. We will also address the polymer design principal and its effects on the polymer solubility and its gas separation properties. Accordingly, some of the aromatic PAs developed in the authors’ laboratory that showed significant improvement in the gas separation efficiency and placed them in the 2008 Robeson upper bound are also included in this review. This review will serve as a guide to the future design of PA membranes for gas separations.
Natural rubber latex/MXene foam with robust and multifunctional properties
Authors: Yang Ya-Dong , Liu Gui-Xiang , Wei Yan-Chan , Liao Shuangquan , Luo Ming-Chao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Low strength has always been one of the main factors limiting the application of foams. We acquire a natural rubber latex/MXene foam composite with high strength and versatility by adding MXene to the natural rubber latex. It is shown that natural rubber latex foam (NRF) with 2 and 3 phr of MXene shows obviously enhanced tensile strength by 171% and 157% separately as compared to that of neat NRF. Furthermore, the composite also has better electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding than NRF, which can be used in the automotive industry, aviation industry, and many other aspects.
Development of leftover rice/gelatin interpenetrating polymer network films for food packaging
Authors: Li Sijia , Shao Chun , Miao Zhikun , Lu Panfang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Waste biomass can be used as a raw material for food packaging. Different concentrations of gelatin (GEL) were introduced into the leftover rice (LR) system to form an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) for improving the properties of the films. The structure and morphology of films were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, which showed good compatibility between LR and GEL. The moisture content and oil absorption rate of IPN films were down by 105% and 182%, respectively, which showed better water and oil resistance than the LR film. In addition, increasing GEL concentration led to enhancement in the tensile strength of films from 2.42 to 11.40 MPa. The water contact angle value of the IPN films (117.53°) increased by 147% than the LR film (47.56°). The low haze of IPN films was obtained with the increment of the mutual entanglement of LR and GEL. The 30–50% GEL addition improved the water vapor barrier and thermal stability properties of the IPN films. This study highlights that LR as waste biomass can have a practical application in food packaging.
Green synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles induced changes in biomass parameters, secondary metabolites production, and antioxidant activity in callus cultures of Artemisia absinthium L.
Authors: Hayat Khizar , Ali Shahid , Ullah Saif , Fu Yujie , Hussain Mubashir 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Artemisia absinthium L. is a highly medicinal plant with a broad range of biomedical applications. A. absinthium callus cultures were established in response to bio-fabricated single NPs (Ag and Cu) or a combination of both NPs (Ag and Cu) in different ratios (1:2, 2:1, 1:3, and 3:1) along with thidiazuron (TDZ) (4 mg/L) to elicit the biomass accumulation, production of non-enzymatic compounds, antioxidative enzymes, and antioxidant activity. Silver and copper nanoparticles (Ag and Cu NPs) were synthesized using the leaves of Moringa oleifera as reducing and capping agent and further characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy and SEM. The 30 µg/L suspension of Ag and Cu NPs (1:2, 2:1) and 4 mg/L TDZ showed 100% biomass accumulation as compared to control (86%). TDZ in combination with Ag NPs enhanced biomass in the log phases of growth kinetics. The Cu NPs alone enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity (0.56 nM/min/mg FW) and peroxidase activity (0.31 nM/min/mg FW) in callus cultures. However, the combination of Ag and Cu NPs with TDZ induced significant total phenolic (7.31 µg/g DW) and flavonoid contents (9.27 µg/g DW). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was highest (86%) in the Ag and Cu NPs (3:1) augmented media. The present study provides the first evidence of bio-fabricated single NPs (Ag and Cu) or a combination of both NPs (Ag and Cu) in different ratios (1:2, 2:1, 1:3, and 3:1) along with TDZ (4 mg/L) on the development of callus culture, production of endogenous enzymes, non-enzymatic components, and further antioxidant activity in callus cultures of A. absinthium.
Fused deposition modeling of poly(ether ether ketone) scaffolds
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Shi Dengwen , Song Pinghui , Han Xingguo , Wei Qingsong , Huang Chuanmo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) scaffold was manufactured using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology with a modified platform. The effect of processing parameters of FDM on the porosity and compressive strength of PEEK scaffold with uniform pores (0.8 mm of diameter) was optimized through Taguchi methodology. With the determined parameters, four kinds of PEEK scaffolds with gradient pores (0.4–0.8 mm, 0.6–1.0 mm, 0.8–1.2 mm, and 1.2–2.0 mm) were manufactured. The scaffolds were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the pores of scaffolds were interconnected with rough surface, which can allow the attachment, migration, and differentiation of cells for bone forming. The tensile strength, compressive max strength, and compressive yield strength of scaffolds were between 18 and 35 MPa, 197.83 and 370.42 MPa, and 26 and 36 MPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds can satisfy the loading requirements of human bones. Therefore, the PEEK scaffolds have a potential to be used in tissue engineering as implants.