bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid onsite evaluation uses a very small proportion of total material aspirated at endobronchial or endoscopic ultrasound in the investigation of suspected thoracic malignancy
Authors: Tang Winnie , Plank Claire , Kiepura Claire , Bunting Sharon , Waugh Jodie , Coates Matthew , Spencer Neil , Barlow Andrew , Mogal Rahul , Maddox Anthony 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe objectives were: to measure the proportion of aspirated material used to make direct slides for rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) at endobronchial (EBUS) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in suspected thoracic malignancy; and to correlate pass weights with ROSE category and needle size.MethodAll EBUS and EUS cases for possible thoracic malignancy October 2018‐May 2019 were included. All material from each pass was expelled into a Petri dish. One drop of material was placed on each of two slides; one used for ROSE, the other fixed and remaining material processed to cell block. Dish and slides were weighed before and after this procedure on a sensitive balance and weight of aspirate and slide material calculated. When ROSE identified malignancy, slide production ceased but target sampling for ancillary studies continued.ResultsROSE accuracy was 96.8%. Mean percentage by target of aspirated material used to make direct slides for ROSE was 1.9% in malignant cases and 3.6% in non‐malignant cases (P = .027 for difference). Mean percentage by pass was 5.9%. Mean weight of a single aspirate was 128.8 mg. Mean weight of aspirates insufficient on ROSE (175.7 mg) was significantly higher than the mean weight of benign or malignant aspirates (117.1 and 114.0 mg, respectively). Mean weight of aspirates using 22G needles (132.6 mg) was significantly higher than that for 25G needles (87.1 mg).ConclusionMaterial made into direct slides at EBUS and EUS and used in part for ROSE uses a tiny proportion of aspirated material with over 98% processed to cell block and available for ancillary testing in malignant cases.
Predictive models of distribution and abundance of a threatened mountain species show that impacts of climate change overrule those of land use change
Authors: Barras Arnaud G. , Braunisch Veronika , Arlettaz Raphaël 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimClimate is often the sole focus of global change research in mountain ecosystems although concomitant changes in land use might represent an equally important threat. As mountain species typically depend on fine‐scale environmental characteristics, integrating land use change in predictive models is crucial to properly assess their vulnerability. Here, we present a modelling framework that aims at providing more comprehensive projections of both species’ distribution and abundance under realistic scenarios of land use and climate change, and at disentangling their relative effects.LocationSwitzerland.MethodsWe used the ring ouzel (Turdus torquatus), a red‐listed and declining mountain bird species, as a study model. Based on standardized monitoring data collected across the whole country, we fitted high‐resolution ensemble species distribution models to predict current occurrence probability, while spatially explicit density estimates were obtained from N‐mixture models. We then tested for the effects of realistic scenarios of land use (land abandonment versus farming intensification) and climate change on future species distribution and abundance.ResultsOccurrence probability was mostly explained by climatic conditions, so that climate change was predicted to have larger impacts on distribution and abundance than any scenarios of land use change. In the mid‐term (2030–2050), predicted effects of environmental change show a high spatial heterogeneity due to regional differences in climate and dominant land use, with farming intensification identified as an important threat locally. In the long term (2080–2100), climate models forecast a marked upward range shift (up to +560 m) and further population decline (up to −35%).Main conclusionsOur innovative approach highlights the spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in the relative effects of different environmental drivers on species distribution and abundance. The proposed framework thus provides a useful tool not only for better assessing species’ vulnerability in the face of global change, but also for identifying key areas for conservation interventions at a meaningful scale.
Advancing therapy with iGlarLixi versus premix BIAsp 30 in basal insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes: Design and baseline characteristics of the SoliMix randomized controlled trial
Authors: McCrimmon Rory J. , Al Sifri Saud , Emral Rifat , Mohan Viswanathan , Sauque‐Reyna Leobardo , Trescolí Carlos , Lalic Nebojsa , Alvarez Agustina , Demil Nacima , Coudert Mathieu , Shaunik Alka , Bonnemaire Mireille , Rosenstock Julio ,   SoliMix Trial investigators
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPremix insulin is commonly used in some regions of the world, despite the higher risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain compared with basal insulin, based on the premise that it offers a simplified insulin regimen. iGlarLixi is a once‐daily titratable fixed‐ratio formulation that combines basal insulin glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar) and the GLP‐1 RA, lixisenatide, which offers a single‐injection option for treatment intensification, with improved HbA1c reductions, similar hypoglycaemia risk and more favourable bodyweight profiles over iGlar alone. This randomized controlled study directly compares, for the first time, treatment intensification with iGlarLixi versus premix insulin analogue biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in adults with T2D inadequately controlled on basal insulin in combination with one or two oral antihyperglycaemic drugs.Materials and MethodsThis was an open‐label, active‐controlled, comparative, parallel‐group, multicentre, phase 3b study. In total, 887 adults with T2D uncontrolled on basal insulin were randomized to switch to either iGlarLixi once daily, or BIAsp 30 twice daily, for 26 weeks.ResultsOverall, 887 participants were enrolled (mean age 59.8 years, 50.2% female) from 89 centres in 17 countries. At baseline, 65.6% had a duration of T2D of 10 years or longer, and the mean HbA1c at baseline was 8.6%.ConclusionsThe study directly compared the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi versus BIAsp 30 in people with T2D uncontrolled on basal insulin and one or more oral antihyperglycaemic agents. These results provide robust clinical data that may inform clinicians in their therapeutic management of people with T2D uncontrolled on basal insulin requiring additional therapy.
Hybrid closed‐loop glucose control with faster insulin aspart compared with standard insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes: A double‐blind, multicentre, multinational, randomized, crossover study
Authors: Boughton Charlotte K. , Hartnell Sara , Thabit Hood , Poettler Tina , Herzig David , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Ashcroft Nicole L. , Sibayan Judy , Cohen Nathan , Calhoun Peter , Bally Lia , Mader Julia K. , Evans Mark , Leelarathna Lalantha , Hovorka Roman 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the use of hybrid closed‐loop glucose control with faster‐acting insulin aspart (Fiasp) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Research Design and MethodsIn a double‐blind, multinational, randomized, crossover study, 25 adults with T1D using insulin pump therapy (mean ± SD, age 38 ± 9 years, HbA1c 7.4% ± 0.8% [57 ± 8 mmol/mol]) underwent two 8‐week periods of unrestricted living comparing hybrid closed‐loop with Fiasp and hybrid closed‐loop with standard insulin aspart in random order. During both interventions the CamAPS FX closed‐loop system incorporating the Cambridge model predictive control algorithm was used.ResultsIn an intention‐to‐treat analysis, the proportion of time sensor glucose was in the target range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L; primary endpoint) was not different between interventions (75% ± 8% vs. 75% ± 8% for hybrid closed‐loop with Fiasp vs. hybrid closed‐loop with standard insulin aspart; mean‐adjusted difference −0.6% [95% CI −1.8% to 0.7%]; p < .001 for non‐inferiority [non‐inferiority margin 5%]). The proportion of time with sensor glucose less than 3.9 mmol/L (median [IQR] 2.4% [1.2%–3.2%] vs. 2.9% [1.7%–4.0%]; p = .01) and less than 3.0 mmol/L (median [IQR] 0.4% [0.2%–0.7%] vs. 0.7% [0.2%–0.9%]; p = .03) was reduced with Fiasp versus standard insulin aspart. There was no difference in mean glucose (8.1 ± 0.8 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8 mmol/L; p = .13) or glucose variability (SD of sensor glucose 2.9 ± 0.5 vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 mmol/L; p = .90). Total daily insulin requirements did not differ (49 ± 15 vs. 49 ± 15 units/day; p = .45). No severe hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis occurred.ConclusionsThe use of Fiasp in the CamAPS FX closed‐loop system may reduce hypoglycaemia without compromising glucose control compared with standard insulin aspart in adults with T1D.
Changing One's View of Interior Design: an Educator's Perspective from the Pandemic
Authors: Barron Danielle L. 
Published: February 2021

Like most other educators, my world was rocked when my university was directed to transition to teaching fully online last March.The pandemic may have upended life as she knew it, but this educator found ways to keep her life, as well as those of her family and students, moving in the right direction.
When Will I Return to the Uni Workshop? Studying Industrial Design in Colombia during the Pandemic
Authors: Casasbuenas Laura 
Published: February 2021

My university affords an education for students who come from remote areas of the country, indigenous people, and those with scarce financial resources. For these reasons, distance education has been a real challenge for us, but not the only one.Lockdowns thrust students into new realities devoid of the normal hard work and hard‐won joys of college life. But such times can also present new opportunities for learning.
The end of currency manipulation? Global production networks and exchange rate outcomes
Authors: Weldzius Ryan M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBetween 2000 and 2017, eight major exporting countries engaged in currency manipulation in order to increase their trade surpluses with the rest of the world. As of 2018, however, no currency manipulators remained. This change in policy is puzzling given the past successes of this export‐led growth model. I argue that the state‐level decision to stop depreciating its exchange rate stems from the reduced benefits and increased costs of currency manipulation. As production becomes more global, an increase in tradable inputs decreases the traditional benefits of a depreciated currency, in particular an increase in exports. Utilizing panel data across 63 countries between 2000 and 2018, I demonstrate that global production networks moderate the traditional relationship between export dependence and currency manipulation. I further discuss how this relationship may reverse given the reshoring of production networks in response to the novel coronavirus pandemic.
Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging of a coup contrecoup traumatic brain injury in a horse
Authors: Morgan R. E. , Dunkel B. , Spiro S. , Beltran E. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryA 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare found recumbent in the field was referred for further assessment with suspicion of a skull fracture. Neurological examination identified compulsive tight circling to the left, and hypermetria in all four limbs. The mare was obtunded, with a mild head tilt to the right, absent menace response of the right eye and decreased facial sensation on the right. Standing computed tomographic examination revealed a subtle depression fracture of the dorsal calvarium and moderate intra‐axial midline shift consistent with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite supportive treatment, the mare deteriorated and was subjected to euthanasia. Post‐mortem high field magnetic resonance imaging revealed findings consistent with a small cerebral contusion adjacent to the fracture site, and moderate to severe ipsilateral cerebral oedema within the caudal cerebrum and rostral brainstem, consistent with a coup contrecoup TBI. Brainstem lesions indicate a poor prognosis and support the decision for euthanasia. This is the first report of the imaging findings of a coup contrecoup TBI in a horse.
Biserrula pelecinus L. is a promising forage legume for the central Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Bekuma Amanuel A. , Terpolilli Jason J. , Tiwari Ravi P. , O'Hara Graham W. , Howieson John G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe availability of effective inoculant rhizobia is often critical to the successful development of productive forage legumes. Biserrula pelecinus L. is a legume with potential as forage in Ethiopia to improve livestock feed quality and soil fertility. B. pelecinus can form N2‐fixing symbiosis with rhizobia in the genus Mesorhizobium. This study investigated the N2 fixation effectiveness of 15 B. pelecinus‐nodulating Mesorhizobium strains on two subspecies of B. pelecinus (B. pelecinus ssp. leiocarpa, native to Ethiopia, and the introduced B. pelecinus ssp. pelecinus). The most effective strain (WSM3873) on both subspecies was assessed at two sites; one with pre‐existing populations of B. pelecinus‐nodulating rhizobia (Modjo), and one without (Holeta). No inoculation response was observed at Modjo when B. pelecinus ssp. pelecinus was inoculated with WSM3873 alone, however, biomass yield was greatest (11.5 tonne DM/ha) following inoculation along with co‐application of phosphorus and nitrogen. At Holeta, a strong inoculation response was achieved with WSM3873 alone on B. pelecinus ssp. pelecinus. In contrast, B. pelecinus ssp. leiocarpa did not show any response at Modjo and failed to emerge after sowing at Holeta. While the native legume B. pelecinus ssp. leiocarpa appears poorly suited to development as a forage, B. pelecinus ssp. pelecinus and WSM3873 represents a promising legume‐rhizobia symbiosis that could benefit farming systems of the central Ethiopian highlands.
Personal network analysis from an intersectional perspective: How to overcome ethnicity bias in migration research
Authors: Bilecen Başak 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThrough qualitative personal network analysis from an intersectional perspective, this article contributes to the debate on the salience of ethnicity as a defining, yet essentialized, category in transnational migration research. The article includes a theoretical and methodological discussion of qualitative personal network analysis as a means to alleviate the risks of overemphasizing ethnicity over other categories, which provides the background to the empirical analysis. Drawing on 20 personal networks and qualitative interviews with Chinese international students who were studying in the United States, the findings of this study indicate that ethnicity, as a precursor to culture, along with gender and class, is important in friendship formations but not necessarily for job‐relevant issues. Moreover, through an intersectional personal network analysis, transnational family ties were problematized based not on their ethnicity but on gendered expectations and social norms.
Impedance spectroscopy of Na0.5Bi4.50+xTi4Oy (x = ‐0.02, 0, 0.02) ceramics with excellent dielectric properties
Authors: Du Yi Ke , Qi Yi , Liu Kang Hui , Chen Ye , Zuo Yuan Dong , Qin Lu , Jiang Chao Bin , Chen Yong , Shen Meng , Xiang Huang Zhao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe electric and dielectric properties of Na0.5Bi4.50+xTi4Oy (x = −0.02, 0, 0.02) prepared by conventional mixed oxide route have been investigated by impedance spectroscopy (IS) over a wide temperature range. Single‐phase bismuth layer‐structured perovskite patterns were observed through X‐ray diffraction of the three samples Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15, Na0.5Bi4.48Ti4Oy, and Na0.5Bi4.52Ti4Oy. The results show that the relative permittivity (εr) increases with the increase in temperature and reaches its maximum at about 675℃. With the continuous increase in temperature, the permittivity decreases gradually. Both relative permittivity and dielectric loss show great stability at the low‐temperature zone. The ceramic of x = 0.02 with Ea of 1.09 eV has the maximum oxygen ionic transport number between 600 and 800℃ for all samples. And at this time, it has the maximum electrical conductivity. All the results indicated that Na0.5Bi4.50+xTi4Oy (x = −0.02, 0, 0.02) ceramics were promising base materials for high‐temperature capacitor because of their high dielectric properties.
The role of elaboration likelihood model in consumer behaviour research and its extension to new technologies: A review and future research agenda
Authors: Shahab Muhammad Hamza , Ghazali Ezlika , Mohtar Mozard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the last decade, research on new technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality in the context of marketing has gained notable attention from the marketing researchers. Researchers are trying to understand consumer behaviour with the aid of new technologies, but only a few consumer behaviour theories are being used in the context of marketing, for example, theory of planned behaviour, self‐determination theory, technology acceptance model, uses & gratification theory and innovation diffusion theory. These theories can successfully predict consumer's motivation, behavioural intentions and technology adoption. However, they are unable to explicate the effectiveness of promotional messages and content marketing on consumer's change in attitude and decision making. Surprisingly, theories that are actually capable to do so, for example, elaboration likelihood model (ELM), have been overlooked by the researchers. This could be because classical theories are unable to comprehend the new technologies, and hence, it is pertinent to enhance the spectrum of the classical theories. Therefore, the goal of this theory‐based systematic literature review is to assess the ELM literature to address the existing research gaps in the marketing literature. The research string used in this study was developed by using Boolean operators to search databases, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses framework was adopted to increase the efficiency of the searching process. A total of 762 suitable articles were considered for the initial screening, however, only 68 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. These articles were analysed to propose future research agenda by including the under‐looked constructs and theories.
Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy for high‐complexity tumors (PADUA score ≥10): Perioperative, long‐term functional and oncologic outcomes
Authors: Koukourikis Periklis , Alqahtani Ali Abdullah , Almujalhem Ahmad , Lee Jongsoo , Han Woong Kyu , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy, and long‐term functional and oncologic outcomes of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy in high‐complexity tumors.MethodsData of 155 patients with a high‐complexity tumor (PADUA score ≥10) were reviewed. Trifecta achievement, intra‐, perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes were analyzed and compared between patients with increasing complexity.ResultsOf the 155 patients, 65 (41.9%) patients had a PADUA score of 10, 55 (35.5%) had a PADUA score of 11, and 35 (22.6%) had a PADUA score of 12–13, respectively. The median (interquartile range) operative time, warm ischemia time and estimated blood loss were 150 min (112–186 min), 26 min (23–32 min) and 250 mL (100–500 mL), respectively. Postoperatively, complications occurred in 25 (16.1%) patients, and positive surgical margins in 15 (10.5%) patients. Trifecta was achieved in 67 (43.2%) patients. At a median follow‐up period of 58 months, the median estimated glomerular filtration rate preservation was 87% (78–110), and 12 (7.7%) patients developed new‐onset chronic kidney disease. Recurrence‐free survival and overall survival rates were 93.6% and 96.7%, respectively. Positive surgical margins were statistically different between the groups of PADUA score 10, 11 and 12–13 (P = 0.017), whereas functional and oncologic outcomes were similar. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increasing tumor size (odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.21–1.87; P < 0.001) and the American Society of Anesthesiologists score 2/3 (odds ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.96; P = 0.041) were independent predictors of trifecta failure.ConclusionsRobot‐assisted partial nephrectomy is a safe and effective treatment for high‐complexity tumors providing excellent long‐term functional and oncologic outcomes.
Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRPD, and SEM study of iron‐containing Na2O‐B2O3‐SiO2 glasses
Authors: Konon Marina , Polyakova Irina , Stolyar Sergey , Simonenko Nikolay , Simonenko Tatiana , Zolotov Nikita , Semenova Ekaterina , Antropova Tatiana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlasses in the Na2O‐B2O3‐SiO2‐Fe2O3 system are suitable for producing magnetic porous glasses—host matrices for multiferroic composite materials for spintronics applications. Successful synthesis of such materials is dependent on the knowledge of crystallization and immiscibility areas in this system. Here, we report new findings for such glasses with a constant SiO2 concentration of 70 mol %, containing 7‐12 mol % Fe2O3, whose compositions lie in the low (2 mol % Na2O) and higher (8‐12 mol % Na2O) alkali regions, heat‐treated at 550°C. Glasses were studied using analytical chemistry methods and investigated by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRPD and SEM. We outlined the immiscibility area boundary in the chosen silica cross‐section for 550°C, indicating the region of interconnected morphology and the crystallization fields of magnetite and FeSiO3, and correlated them with data on the valence and coordination state of iron in glasses. We find that both Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions in the low‐alkali region are octahedrally coordinated, in higher alkali area Fe3+ and Fe2+ are tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated, respectively. A significant amount of Fe2+ in the low‐alkali region can be the cause of the FeSiO3 formation. The usual crystalline phase in non‐X‐Ray amorphous glasses is magnetite, precipitating at the annealing stage.
Mountains, climate and niche heterogeneity explain global patterns of fern diversity
Authors: Suissa Jacob S. , Sundue Michael A. , Testo Weston L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimIt is well known that the distribution of species diversity is spatially heterogeneous, but understanding the factors contributing to this heterogeneity and to the formation of biodiversity hotspots remains a challenge. Here, we seek to improve our understanding of how historical, ecological and evolutionary processes contribute to current patterns of global fern diversity.LocationWorldwide.TaxonFerns.MethodsTo evaluate the drivers of global fern diversity, we integrate over 800,000 georeferenced species occurrence records of nearly 8000 species, a time‐calibrated phylogeny and seven climate and environmental layers. We use these data to summarize diversity and evolutionary patterns at a resolution of 100 × 100 km, and identify hotspots of fern species richness and endemism. We compare these hotspots to neighbouring non‐hotspot regions to provide insight into the factors controlling global patterns of fern diversity.ResultsTropical and subtropical mountains harbour a disproportionate amount of species relative to the land area they occupy; 58% of global species richness occur in eight principally montane hotspots together comprising just 7% of Earth’s land area. We identify hotspots of fern species richness and endemism that are universally characterized by disproportionately high ecological variation. We demonstrate that total fern species richness scales linearly with available climate space at regional and global scales.Main ConclusionsAreas of high environmental heterogeneity harbour a disproportionate amount of fern species, and global patterns of extant fern diversity reflect the distribution of these areas, especially in mountains at lower latitudes. Persistence of ancient lineages in areas with long‐term climatic stability helps explain exceptional endemism in regions such as Malesia.