bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ruminal Crabtree-negative Yeast Ensiled Rice Straw on Feed Intake, Rumen Fermentation, and Performance in Tropical Crossbred Lactating Holstein Cows
Authors: Suntara Chanon , Cherdthong Anusorn , Uriyapongson Suthipong , Wanapat Metha , Chanjula Pin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to determine the effects of ruminal Crabtree-negative yeast ensiled rice straw (RS) on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, milk production, and milk composition in tropical crossbred lactating Holstein cows. This study used 6 multiparous crossbreds between Holstein Frisian × Zebu dairy cows in their mid-lactation period (165.5 ± 44.0 of day-in-milk) with an initial body weight of 363.9 ± 55.80 kg (average milk yield 8.58 kg/d). Dairy cows were randomly allocated to three ensiled RS with various yeast species including S. cerevisiae, P. kudriavzevii KKU20, and C. tropicalis KKU20 according to a 3 × 3 replicated Latin square design. The ruminal yeasts were obtained by isolating, screening, and identifying the rumen of crossbred Thai-Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. The yeast species did not change the RS intake, concentrate diet, and total intake (P > 0.05). Crabtree-negative yeast (P. kudriavzevii and C. tropicalis) increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter by about 6.9% when compare with Crabtree-positive yeast (S. cerevisiae). Rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen concentration were not changed among yeast species (P > 0.05). The bacterial populations at both 0 hours and 4 hours after feeding and the mean value were highest (P < 0.05) with ensiled RS with C. tropicalis KKU20. Ensiled RS with P. kudriavzevii KKU20 and C. tropicalis KKU20 were significantly increased with a total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) at 0 and 4 hours after feeding (P < 0.05) when compared with S. cerevisiae, whereas yeasts ensiled RS had no effect on the VFAs’ profile (P > 0.05). The yeast strains’ effects were not observed (P > 0.05) on actual milk yields. The treatments did not alter the milk composition (P > 0.05); except for when the protein in the milk was highest in the C. tropicalis KKU20 fed group. In conclusion, C. tropicalis KKU20 could enhance the RS’s nutrition value through increasing digestibility, the ruminal bacterial population, and total VFAs as well as could increase the milk protein.
Is It Time to Remove Radiotherapy in the Management of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma? Population-based Study, Pool-Analysis and Retrospective Study of Recurrence Pattern.
Authors: Liu Rongping , Du Shasha , Qin Yue , Zhang Wan , Li Xuanzi , Guo Longbin , Chen Yulei , Gao Lianxuan , Tang Nan , Wu Dehua , Ren Chen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBefore the introduction of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate, radiotherapy (RT) and steroids have been the sole, first-line treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). With the application of methotrexate, the role of RT in the treatment of PCNSL has been challenged. MethodsWe performed observation analysis on 2,486 PCNSL patients between 1988 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to ensure well-balanced characteristics of two groups of patients who received RT and those who did not receive it. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were pooled to further evaluate the role of consolidation whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in PCNSL. To clarify whether WBRT is necessary for PCNSL, 27 relapsed patients who attained complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) during or after first-line treatment without WBRT for newly diagnosed PCNSL in our institution was retrospectively analyzed; the pattern and location of relapse was identified. ResultsAfter matching, there was no statistical difference on survival between the two groups. In patients did not received chemotherapy, RT significantly improved the survival of patients who undergone biopsy (All P < .0001) or subtotal resection (All P < .0001). In particular, RT helped improve survival for patients with other infectious and parasitic diseases including HIV (OIPDH). Pool-analysis shown the better progression free survival (PFS) of patients with WBRT arm compared with no WBRT arm in per-protocol (PP) population (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.98). In the 27 relapse patients, 17 (63%) had new measurable enhancing lesions at relapse at a spatially distinct site, the remote recurrence after CR was 9/11 (82%), and after PR was 8/15 (53%). Single lesion occurred remote recurrence was 11/13 (85%), while multiple lesions were 7/14 (50%). We also established a novel prediction model with excellent performance to estimate the potential benefit from RT with respect to the end point of overall survival. ConclusionsRT is still an important method in the treatment of PCNSL, which cannot be removed. More precise studies should be carried out to perfect the treatment strategies of the disease.
Synergistic Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields and Temperature on The Inactivation of Microorganismsill
Authors: Yan Zeyao , Yin Li , Hao Chunjing , Liu Kefu , Qiu Jian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEF) as a new pasteurization technology played an important role in the process of inactivating microorganisms. At the same time, temperature could promote the process of electroporation, and achieve better inactivation effect. This article studied the inactivation effect of PEF on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus velezensis under different initial temperatures (room temperature-24°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C). From the inactivation results, it found temperature could reduce the critical electric field intensity for microbial inactivation. After the irreversible electroporation of microorganisms occurred, the nucleic acid content and protein content in the suspension increased with the inactivation rate because the cell membrane integrity was destroyed. We had proved that the electric field and temperature could promote molecular transport through the finite element simulation. Under the same initial temperature and electrical parameters (electric field intensity, pulse width, pulse number), the lethal effect on different microorganisms was Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Escherichia coli > Bacillus velezensis.
Content Validity of A Questionnaire Exploring the Knowledge Translation Network Among Nursing Professionals
Authors: MARTINEZ-GIMENO MARIA-LARA , ESCOBAR-AGUILAR GEMA , FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ NÉLIDA , OVALLE-PERANDONES MARIA-ANTONIA , BENÍTEZ-ANDRADES JOSE-ALBERTO , MARQUÉS-SÁNCHEZ PILAR 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: For more than four decades, studies have reported the existence of a large gap between research and clinical practice. This means that research results are not contributing to the improvement of care, and there is a high level of variability which complicates deciding on and implementing the “best care” available. In this context, it is important to understand how nurses use the research by generating different knowledge translation networks in clinical practice. Therefore, a tool is required to detect the structure of the links that are generated during the research utilization. Aim: to validate the content of a questionnaire for exploring the knowledge translation networks established among nursing professionals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional content validity study of an instrument created to explore the knowledge translation network between nurses was carried out. The participants were divided into two groups: experts in Social Network Analysis (SNA) and practicing nurses. The instrument was a questionnaire with items that collected both the network's variables, and those of the individual. The content of the items of the questionnaire was validated as set out in the Content Validity Index (CVI). Results: The total Content Validity Index (CVI) of the survey was 0.91. All items received an excellent rating (K*>0.81). The modified kappa coefficient for the whole scale was 0.9. Conclusions: The validated questionnaire has good content validity for exploring social networks for knowledge translation and research utilization among nursing professionals.
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Cognitive Dysfunction of Rats with Endogenous Protective Mechanism of Increased miR-21-5p
Authors: Li Chao , Wei Fei , Shen Chengfeng , Wang Xiaoming , Gao Xiujie , Chen Zhaoli , Han Tie , Wang Xinxing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) cause nerve cell damage and central nervous system dysfunction has been well known. However, most of the cognitive deficits occurs before the observable damage to nerve cells and the regulatory mechanism is largely unknown. Mitochondria and energy metabolism are the targets of many neurotoxic substances. ResultsHere, we showed that TiO2 NPs exposure reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP content, which is the important cause of cognitive deficits, and upregulated microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) levels in rat neuron cells. Upregulated miR-21-5p promoted phosphorylation of c-Jun, consequently promoting transcription of VDAC1 (encoding voltage-dependent anion channel 1), which in turn preserved the ΔΨm and ATP content of neuron cells. Conclusions﻿Mechanistically, upregulated VDAC1 was attributed to TiO2 NPs-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun (Ser73), which is predicted to be a transcription factor of VDAC1, while upregulation of the ΔΨm and ATP content was caused by the increased oxygen consumption rate induced by VDAC1. The results of our present study revealed an endogenous self-protection mechanism in the process of TiO2 NPs-induced cognitive deficits.
Plasma Interleukin-6 is a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Postoperative Delirium among Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Patients Treated with Open Surgical Repair
Authors: Lv Xiao-Chai , Lin Yong , Wu Qing-song , Wang Lei , Hou Yan-ting , Dong Yi , Chen Liang-wan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives. The relationship between inflammatory cytokines and postoperative delirium (POD) remains to be further investigated, especially in patients undergoing acute type A aortic dissection (AAD). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the inflammatory process and has recently been identified as a biomarker of cerebral dysfunction. We explored the hypothesis that IL-6 was one of the critical causes of POD after surgical repair of AAD.Methods. Plasma IL-6 was measured using electrochemiluminescence technology in patients preoperatively and 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection. After the first three postoperative days, delirium was evaluated twice daily using the Confusion Assessment Method. ROC curves were used to evaluate the ability of IL-6 measurements to distinguish POD.Results. The incidence of POD was 14.03% (31 of 221 patients). The patients in the POD group were significantly older than the patients in the non-POD group (56.48±11.68 years vs 52.22±10.50 years, P=0.040). Plasma IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in the POD group than in the non-POD group at three time points: preoperatively, after 24 h, and after 48 h. The AUC values corresponding to IL-6 preoperatively and 24 h after surgery were 0.73 and 0.72, respectively.Conclusions. Cerebral dysfunction after the surgical repair of AAD shows elevated stress levels and inflammatory responses. Plasma IL-6 is a potential biomarker to predict the onset of POD in acute type A aortic dissection patients following surgical repair.
Development of a Capability Maturity Model for the Establishment of Children’s Nursing Training Programmes in Southern and Eastern Africa&nbsp;
Authors: North Natasha , Coetzee Minette 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Developing high-quality and sustainable training programmes to meet the increasing demand for specialist children’s nurses in African countries requires collaborative efforts by multiple stakeholders, systems and organisational tiers. This is made more challenging in the absence of a comprehensive framework for specialist nursing educational programme development. This project set out to develop a Capability Maturity Model in order to systematically describe the essential capacity required to establish a new specialist children’s nursing education programme in an African context. Methods: Previous Capability Maturity Models developed in the fields of nursing regulation and human resources for health information systems were used to guide the process of development. A six-stage process was followed to: identify necessary supportive conditions; specify levels of process maturity; develop domains; characterise levels of capability; consult with stakeholders; and finalise the model. Results: The process resulted in the identification of set of five step-wise progressions for each of five stakeholder activity domains, and the creation of a comprehensive Capability Maturity Model describing five levels of process maturity in relation to education, clinical and regulatory systems, human resources for health systems, and requirements related to overall stakeholder collaboration. Stakeholder consultation confirmed the accuracy and applicability of the model. Conclusions: The model successfully makes visible the wide range of regulatory and associated processes involved in developing a new educational programme for specialist nurses, including educational standards, quality assurance, scopes of practice, and systems for licensing and registering specialist children’s nurses. Stakeholders will be able to sue the model as a map to identify where they are in the process, and establish the resources and actions needed to make further progress.
High Performance Adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Off-Grid Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Mosaad Mohamed , Banakhr Fahd 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has met great attention in the electrical power generation field for its many advantages in both on and off-grid applications. The requirement for higher proficiency from the PV system to reap the energy requires maximum power point tracking techniques (MPPT). This paper presents an adaptive MPPT of a stand-alone PV system using an updated PI controller optimized by harmony search (HS). A lockup table is formed for the temperature and irradiance with the corresponding voltage at MPP (VMPP). This voltage is considered as the updated reference voltage required for MPP at each temperature and irradiance. The difference between this updated reference voltage at MPP and the variable PV voltage due to changing the environmental conditions is used to stimulate PI controller optimized by HS to update the duty cycle (D) of the DC-DC converter. Another lockup table is formed with the temperature, irradiance and the corresponding duty cycle at MPP to convert this MPP technique into an adaptive one. An experimental implementation of the proposed adaptive MPPT is introduced to test the validity of the simulation results obtained at different irradiance and temperature levels.
Amyloid Beta Exposure on Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Induces Different Expression Pattern of Tissue Transglutaminase and Its Isoforms: Modulatory Effect of Indicaxanthin
Authors: Campisi Agatina , Raciti Giuseppina , Sposito Giovanni , Grasso Rosaria , Chiacchio Maria Assunta , Spatuzza Michela , Attanzio Alessandro , Chiacchio Ugo , Tesoriere Luisa , Allegra Mario , Pellitteri Rosalia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Alzhèimer Disease (AD) is characterized by intracellular and extracellular protein aggregates in the brain, including amyloid-beta (Aβ). Aβ is a substrate for tissue transglutaminase (TG2), an ubiquitarian calcium-dependent protein that induces Aβ oligomerization and aggregation. We assessed the effect of full native peptide of Aβ(1–42), the fragments (25–35 and 35–25) on TG2 expression levels and its isoforms (Long and Short) on Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs). The levels of cytoskeletal proteins, Vimentin and Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP), were also studied. The effect of the pre-treatment with Indicaxanthin on cell viability, total Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), superoxide anion (O2−) and apoptotic pathway activation was assessed. Since Nestin is co-expressed in pluripotent stem cells with cyclin D1, their levels were evaluated.
Methods
Mouse primary OECs were exposed to 10 µM Aβ(1–42) or Aβ(25–35) or Aβ(35–25) for 24 h both in the absence and in the presence of Indicaxanthin. TG2 and its isoforms were evaluated through Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Western Blot analysis. Data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Holm–Sidak.
Results
Our findings highlight that OEC exposure to Aβ(1–42) and its fragments induced an increase of TG2 levels and the different expression pattern of its isoforms. Indicaxanthin pre-treatment reduced TG2 over-expression differently modulating its isoforms, following Aβ exposure of the cells. It was also able to prevent total ROS and O2−production, to reduce GFAP and Vimentin levels, inhibiting apoptotic pathway activation. It also leaded to an increase of Nestin and cyclin D1 expression levels.
Conclusions
Our results show that Aβ exposure on OECs induces an increase of TG2 levels and a different expression pattern of its isoforms and that Indicaxanthin pre-treatment stimulates OEC self-renewal through the reparative activity played by TG2. They also suggest that Aβ in OECs, both in the absence and in the presence of Indicaxanthin, might differently induce the transition of TG2 between “closed” and “open” conformation, providing a new mechanism involved in the signal pathways activated by the protein in Aβ injury important for neural regeneration of AD.
Oropharyngeal Administration of Colostrum for Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Late-onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants with Gestational Age ≤ 32 Weeks: A Single-center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: ouyang xia , yang changyi , xiu wenlong , hu yanhua , mei susu , lin qin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) may provide immunoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that potentially reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) and improve short-term outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of OAC in the early prevention of NEC and LOS in preterm infants with gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks.MethodsA randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in a 40-bed tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in China. Preterm infants with GA ≤ 32 weeks were divided randomly into an OAC group, which received 0.4 ml maternal colostrum smearing via the oropharyngeal route every 3 hours for 10 days beginning within the first 48 hours after birth, and a control group, which received normal saline instead. Data from the two groups were collected and compared.ResultsA total of 127 patients in the OAC group and 125 patients in the control group were finally enrolled. The incidence of NEC (Bell stage 2 or 3) and LOS was lower in the OAC group [2.4% vs. 10.4%, χ2 = 6.845, ༰=0.009; 4.7% vs. 13.6%, χ2 = 5.983, ༰=0.014]. In addition, the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (stage 3 or 4) was lower [1.6% vs. 7.2%,χ2 = 4.775, ༰=0.029], and the time of achieving full enteral feeding was shorter [ 22.0 days vs. 25.0 days༌Z = 6༌424.500༌P = 0.009)] in the OAC group. No cases of adverse reactions were observed in either group.ConclusionsOAC is a safe and simple NICU procedure that yields a potential advantage in decreasing the incidence of NEC, LOS, and severe IVH and shortening the time to achieve full enteral feeding in preterm infants with GA ≤ 32 weeks.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900023697, Registered 8 June 2019, Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx? pid = 39398
Efficacy of different brands of penicillin-streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus: the clinicians’ myths and the realities
Authors: Tufa Takele Beyene , Guta Asegid , Tufa Tafese Beyene , Nigussie Dereje , Regassa Fikru , Beyi Ashenafi Feyisa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Antibiotics must be safe, effective and have acceptable quality to use in both human and veterinary medicine. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim of evaluating in vitro efficacy of three brands of penicillin-streptomycin (penstrep) against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy cow milk in Sebeta and Bishoftu, Ethiopia. A standardized questionnaire was also used to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of veterinarians about brand antibiotics prescribing in dairy farms in the study area.
Results

A total of 43 S. aureus were isolated from 23 dairy farms. Thirty-three (81.4%) and 10 (23.3%) isolates were susceptible to brand A and intermediate susceptible to brand B, respectively, whereas only one isolate (2.3%) was intermediate susceptible to brand C. The isolates were also tested against the standard discs of penicillin and streptomycin, and the results showed that 42 (97.7%) and 27 (62.8%) of S. aureus were resistant, respectively. The KAP assessment showed penstrep was the most prescribed antibiotic in the dairy farms in the study area, followed by oxytetracycline and sulfa drugs. All veterinarians (100%, 30) agreed that antibiotics imported from Western countries perceived as having higher efficacy than those imported from eastern countries. Similarly, they preferred to use brand A, claiming better clinical improvements compared to the other two brands. The majority (86.7%) and more than half (53.3%) of the respondents agreed on the perception of overuse of antibiotics in veterinary clinics and dairy farms, respectively.
Conclusions

Penstrep Brand A has had better in vitro efficacy, while brands B and C have not been effective against S. aureus isolates. Moreover, this study revealed that a fixed combination dosage form of penicillin and streptomycin in brand A showed better efficacy towards S. aureus isolates compared to penicillin or streptomycin alone. The perception of the veterinarian about these brands agrees with the in-vitro antibacterial efficacy evaluation. The findings suggest that ineffective brands of penstrep are circulating in the local market, which constitute a potential danger to both human and animal health. Our findings warrant the need for stringent regulation and quality assessment criteria for imported veterinary antimicrobials.