bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Covalent Postfunctionalization of Dye Layers on TiO2 — A Tool for Enhancing Injection in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Luchs Tobias , Zieleniewska Anna , Kunzmann Andreas , Schol Peter R. , Guldi Dirk M. , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report on newly tailored dye layers, which were employed, on one hand, for covalent deposition and, on the other hand, for non‐covalently post‐functionalizing TiO2 nanoparticle films. Our functionalization concept enabled intermixing a stable covalent attachment of a first layer with a highly versatile and reversible hydrogen bonding through the Hamilton receptor–cyanuric acid binding motif as a second layer. Following this concept, we integrated step‐by‐step a first porphyrin layer and a second porphyrin/BODIPY layer. The individual building blocks and their corresponding combinations were probed with regard to their photophysical properties, and the most promising combinations were implemented in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Relative to the first porphyrin layer adding the second porphyrin/BODIPY layers increased the overall DSSC efficiency by up to 43 %.
Photoswitchable Fluorescent Self‐Assembled Metallacycles with High Photostability
Authors: Chen Shangjun , Chen Lijun , Cai Yunsong , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, photoswitchable fluorescent supramolecular metallacycles with high fatigue‐resistance have been constructed by coordination‐driven self‐assembly by using bithienylethene with dipyridyl units (BTE) as a coordination donor and a fluorescent di‐platinum(II) (Pt‐F) as a coordination acceptor. The photo‐triggered reversible transformation between the ring‐open and ring‐closed form of the metallacycles was confirmed by 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. This unique property enabled a reversible noninvasive “off–on” switching of fluorescence through efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Importantly, the metallacycles remained structurally intact after up to 10 photoswitching cycles. The photoresponsive property and exceptional photostability of the metallacycles posit their potential promising application in optical switching, image storage, and super‐resolution microscopy.
One‐Pot Dual C−C Coupling Reaction via Site Selective Cascade Formation by PdII‐Cryptate of an Amino‐Ether Heteroditopic Macrobicycle
Authors: Sarkar Sayan , Sarkar Piyali , Munshi Sandip , Ghosh Pradyut 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSelectivity of aryl iodo over ethynyl iodo toward the Suzuki cross coupling reaction is explored by utilizing a palladium complex of amino‐ether heteroditopic macrobicycle. Subsequently, unreacted ethynyl iodide undergoes homocoupling reaction in the same catalytic atmosphere, thereby representing a cascade dual C−C coupling reaction. Furthermore, this approach is extended for novel one‐pot synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3‐diynes.
Decorating Metal Nitrate with a Coplanar Bipyridine Moiety: A Simple and General Method for Fabricating Photochromic Complexes
Authors: Xu Fei , Liu Ai‐Ju , Han Song‐De , Pan Jie , Wang Guo‐Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a significant class of photochromic materials, crystalline hybrid photochromic materials (CHPMs) have attracted widespread attention of researchers because of their possibilities for generating other photoresponsive properties and advantages in understanding the underlying relationship between structure and photoresponsive performance. The predesign of suitable ligands plays a major role in generating desirable CHPMs. Hitherto, most CHPMs have been built from photodeformable or photoresponsive tectons. However, the synthesis of these ligands is usually time‐consuming and expensive, and this greatly restricts their large‐scale preparation and practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new families of CHPMs besides the existing CHPMs. Herein, a simple and general method for constructing CHPMs by decorating metal nitrate with a coplanar bipyridine moiety, namely 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), is reported. The resulting products exhibit photocoloration in response to Xe‐lamp irradiation. The electron transfer (ET) from the coplanar NO3− species (as π‐electron donors, π‐EDs) to coplanar phen moieties (as π‐electron acceptors, π‐EAs) is responsible for the resulting photochromism. The influence of the coordination environment and central metal ion on the photochromism was also studied. This work demonstrates that the introduction of coplanar organic tectons as π‐EAs to metal nitrates as π‐EDs with the collaboration of ET and coordination‐assembly strategies is a simple and general method to manufacture CHPMs.
Salt effects on dynamic bubble nucleation on hydrophobic surfaces in air super‐saturated water
Authors: Zhou Joe Z. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEffect of salts (NaCl and CaCl2) on dynamic bubble nucleation on hydrophobic bitumen and silanated glass in air‐supersaturated water was examined using an autoclave at air saturation pressure of 700 kPa and temperature of 80°C. The results showed that at a low salt concentration, there was virtually no difference in the sizes of bubbles nucleated on the surface (0.06‐0.2 cm in diameter), as compared to the cases without salt addition. At a higher salt concentration (0.2 M CaCl2, or 0.3 M NaCl), the size of bubbles nucleated on the surfaces reduced drastically (more than 10‐fold smaller), with the surface being entirely frosted with small bubbles lined up neatly. The observed sizes of surface bubbles were up to more than 3600 times larger for the cases without salts, and 600 times larger at the high salt concentrations, than the critical equilibrium bubble diameter under given test conditions (~328 nm). Possible reasons for the observed phenomena were briefly discussed.
Impact of mixed convection on flow dynamics and heat transfer through an isotropic porous triangular array of periodic heated/cooled cylinders
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Dhiman Amit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effect of aiding and opposing buoyancy (−1 ≤ Ri ≤ 1) on flow and heat transfer across cylinders specifically arranged in an equilateral triangular array in a heat exchanger has not previously been studied. Periodic boundary condition in the transverse direction is imposed where porosity of the array ranges from 0.7 to 0.99. The influence of buoyancy and Prandtl number (1 and 50) on the flow structure and its effect on the overall heat transfer is thoroughly elucidated in the present work. The impact of aiding/opposing buoyancy on the thermal performance of the array is predominant at higher porosities. The average drag of the array of cylinders increases with an increase in the aiding buoyancy and decreases with an increase in opposing buoyancy with respect to forced convection. The porosity of the triangular array has an inverse relation with the average drag coefficient, barring few exceptions which are explained in detail in the present work. The heat exchange is assertively higher at opposing‐buoyancy cases for all values of porosity and Prandtl number. The present results are in agreement with the available experimental/numerical studies.
Olmutinib in T790M‐positive non–small cell lung cancer after failure of first‐line epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: A global, phase 2 study
Authors: Park Keunchil , Jӓnne Pasi A. , Kim Dong‐Wan , Han Ji‐Youn , Wu Ming‐Fang , Lee Jong‐Seok , Kang Jin‐Hyoung , Lee Dae Ho , Cho Byoung Chul , Yu Chong‐Jen , Pang Yong Kek , Felip Enriqueta , Kim Hyunjin , Baek Eunhye , Noh Young Su 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIn this open‐label, international phase 2 study, the authors assessed the efficacy and safety of olmutinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had a confirmed T790M mutation and disease progression on previous epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.MethodsPatients aged ≥20 years received once‐daily oral olmutinib 800 mg continuously in 21‐day cycles. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (patients who had a confirmed best overall response of a complete or partial response), assessed by central review. Secondary endpoints included the disease control rate, the duration of objective response, progression‐free survival, and overall survival. Adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.03).ResultsOverall, 162 patients (median age, 63 years; women, >60%) were enrolled from 68 sites in 9 countries. At the time of database cutoff, 23.5% of enrolled patients remained on treatment. The median treatment duration was 6.5 months (range, 0.03‐21.68 months). Overall, 46.3% of patients (95% CI, 38.4%‐54.3%) had a confirmed objective response (all partial responses). The best overall response (the objective response rate regardless of confirmation) was 51.9% (84 patients; 95% CI, 43.9%‐59.8%). The confirmed disease control rate for all patients was 86.4% (95% CI, 80.2%‐91.3%). The median duration of objective response was 12.7 months (95% CI, 8.3‐15.4 months). Estimated median progression‐free survival was 9.4 months (95% CI, 6.9‐12.3 months), and estimated median overall survival was 19.7 months (95% CI, 15.1 months to not reached). All patients experienced treatment‐emergent adverse events, and 71.6% of patients had grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events.ConclusionsOlmutinib has meaningful clinical activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with T790M‐positive non–small cell lung cancer who received previous epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.
Self‐assembled Micro‐nanorobots: From Assembly Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Wei Fanan , Zhong Tianliang , Zhan Ziheng , Yao Ligang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to the extremely tiny size, micro‐nanorobots hold promise in performing tasks at the micro‐nanoscale, which is impossible for macroscale robots. However, the massive fabrication of micro‐nanorobots is of crucial challenge and has been attracting extensive attention among academics. Active colloids can be self‐assembled into ordered structures, and offer a promising solution to this largescale manufacture challenge. Here, we summarize the development and mechanisms of different assembly technologies in the past two decades, and introduce the applications of micro‐nanorobots using self‐assembly strategies in biomedical and physical fields. For clarification, the self‐assembly mechanisms are presented in three categories: chemical, physical and biological. The manufacture of micro‐nanorobots through self‐assembly not only solves the problem of large‐scale manufacturing, but also increases the reconfigurability of structure and improves their adaptability to the environment, which promises further development as microsurgeons and the application of micro‐nanorobots in other fields, such as environmental restoration and micro‐manipulation.
A multidisciplinary approach to triage patients with breast disease during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary care center in the developing world
Authors: Sattar Abida K. , Shahzad Hania , Jabbar Adnan Abdul , ValiMohammed Azmina T. , Khan Sadaf , Vellani Yasmin , Idrees Romana , Ali Nasir , Masroor Imrana , Saeed Humera , Lakhani Gulzar , Ayoub Nadia , Waqar Atif , Zia‐ul Islam Muhammad , Kirmani Salman , Latif Asad , Enam Syed Ather 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has created a need to prioritize care because of limitation of resources. Owing to the heterogeneity and high prevalence of breast cancers, the need to prioritize care in this vulnerable population is essential. While various medical societies have published recommendations to manage breast disease during the COVID‐19 pandemic, most are focused on the Western world and do not necessarily address the challenges of a resource‐limited setting.AimIn this article, we describe our institutional approach for prioritizing care for patients presenting with breast disease.Methods and resultsThe breast disease management guidelines were developed and approved with the expertise of the Multidisciplinary Breast Program Leadership Committee (BPLC) of the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. These guidelines were inspired, adapted, and modified keeping in view the needs of our resource‐limited healthcare system. These recommendations are also congruent with the ethical guidelines developed by the Center of Biomedical Ethics and Culture (CBEC) at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi.Our institutional recommendations outline a framework to triage patients based on the urgency of care, scheduling conflicts, and tumor board recommendations, optimizing healthcare workers' schedules, operating room reallocation, and protocols. We also describe the “Virtual Blended Clinics”, a resource‐friendly means of conducting virtual clinics and a comprehensive plan for transitioning back into the post‐COVID routine.ConclusionOur institutional experience may be considered as a guide during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly for triaging care in a resource‐limited setting; however, these are not meant to be universally applicable, and individual cases must be tailored based on physicians' clinical judgment to provide the best quality care.
Tactical urbanism: Colour interventions with purpose
Authors: O'Connor Zena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEvidence‐based colour interventions in the urban landscape are becoming more common in many countries and some have garnered the term “tactical urbanism”, defined as relatively low‐cost changes to the built environment intended to provide a quick solution to an urban environment challenge. This article reports on two proposed small‐scale colour interventions that aim to calm traffic, prioritize pedestrian traffic, support safety initiatives, and enhance the urban environment. Inspired by both larger and small interventions around the world, the rationale for two proposed colour interventions in Sydney is described along with the findings of a two‐stage survey conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed colour intervention designs.
The Data‐Driven Schrödinger Bridge
Authors: Pavon Michele , Trigila Giulio , Tabak Esteban G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractErwin Schrödinger posed—and to a large extent solved—in 1931/32 the problem of finding the most likely random evolution between two continuous probability distributions. This article considers this problem in the case when only samples of the two distributions are available. A novel iterative procedure is proposed, inspired by Fortet‐IPF‐Sinkhorn type algorithms. Since only samples of the marginals are available, the new approach features constrained maximum likelihood estimation in place of the nonlinear boundary couplings, and importance sampling to propagate the functions ϕ and solving the Schrödinger system. This method mitigates the curse of dimensionality, compared to the introduction of grids, which in high dimensions lead to numerically unfeasible methods. The methodology is illustrated in two applications: entropic interpolation of two‐dimensional Gaussian mixtures, and the estimation of integrals through a variation of importance sampling. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A Colon‐Targeted Adsorbent (DAV132) Does Not Affect the Pharmacokinetics of Warfarin or Clonazepam in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Pinquier Jean‐Louis , Varastet Marina , Meyers Dismas , Sayah‐Jeanne Sakina , Féger Céline , Gaumétou Olivia , Corbel Tanguy , de Gunzburg Jean , Mentré France , Ducher Annie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDAV132 is a novel colon‐targeted adsorbent that prevents the deleterious impact of antibiotics on gut microbiota without modifying their systemic availability. A randomized, Latin‐square crossover, open‐label trial with 2 substudies in 18 and 24 healthy volunteers evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) bioequivalence of warfarin, a drug with a narrow therapeutic index (NTI), and clonazepam, both widely used for the treatment of chronic conditions, with or without coadministration of DAV132 7.5 g. PK parameters observed with single doses of 5 mg warfarin and 1 mg clonazepam when administered alone did not differ with the PK parameters when administered concomitantly with or 1 hour before DAV132. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for S‐warfarin, R‐warfarin, and clonazepam Cmax were 102.0, 102.8, and 91.9, respectively, after concomitant administration and 106.5, 107.5, and 95.0, respectively, when administered 1 hour before DAV132. After concomitant administration, GMRs for S‐warfarin, R‐warfarin, and clonazepam AUClast were 100.5, 100.2, and 94.9, respectively, and 101.9, 101.8, and 101.3, respectively, when administered 1 hour before DAV132. All GMR 90% confidence intervals fell within the prespecified 80% to 125% limit for bioequivalence, indicating a lack of drug‐drug interaction. In conclusion, DAV132 did not affect the systemic exposure of 2 NTI drugs absorbed in the proximal intestine.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ertugliflozin in Healthy Japanese and Western Subjects
Authors: Li Yinhua , Nucci Gianluca , Yamamoto Yuichi , Fediuk Daryl J. , Sahasrabudhe Vaishali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractErtugliflozin, a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, is approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes. This randomized, double‐blind (sponsor‐open) study in healthy Japanese subjects and open‐label study in Western subjects assessed ertugliflozin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Cohort A received 3 ascending single doses of ertugliflozin (1, 5, and 25 mg; n = 6 Japanese, n = 6 Western) or placebo (n = 3 Japanese) under fasted conditions. Cohort B received multiple once‐daily doses of ertugliflozin 25 mg (n = 6 Japanese) or placebo (n = 3 Japanese) for 7 days under fed conditions. For Japanese subjects in Cohort A, maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) were observed 1 to 1.5 hours after dosing, and apparent mean terminal half‐life was 12.4 to 13.6 hours. The ratios of the geometric means (Japanese/Western) for ertugliflozin 1‐, 5‐, and 25‐mg single doses were 95.94%, 99.66%, and 90.32%, respectively, for area under the plasma concentration–time curve and 107.59%, 97.47%, and 80.04%, respectively, for Cmax. Area under the plasma concentration–time curve and Cmax increased in a dose‐proportional manner. For Cohort B, Cmax was observed 2.5 hours after dosing (days 1 and 7), and steady state was reached by day 4. The 24‐hour urinary glucose excretion was dose dependent. Ertugliflozin was generally well tolerated. There were no meaningful differences in exposure, urinary glucose excretion, and safety between Japanese and Western subjects.
Fluorescent Nanocomposites: Hollow Silica Microspheres with Embedded Carbon Dots
Authors: Delic Asmira , Mariussen Espen , Roede Erik Dobloug , Krivokapic Alexander , Erbe Andreas , Lindgren Mikael , Benelmekki Maria , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntrinsically fluorescent carbon dots may form the basis for a safer and more accurate sensor technology for digital counting in bioanalytical assays. This work presents a simple and inexpensive synthesis method for producing fluorescent carbon dots embedded in hollow silica particles. Hydrothermal treatment at low temperature (160 °C) of microporous silica particles in presence of urea and citric acid results in fluorescent, microporous and hollow nanocomposites with a surface area of 12 m2/g. High absolute zeta potential (−44 mV) at neutral pH demonstrates the high electrosteric stability of the nanocomposites in aqueous solution. Their fluorescence emission at 445 nm is remarkably stable in aqueous dispersion under a wide pH range (3–12) and in the dried state. The biocompatibility of the composite particles is excellent, as the particles were found to show low genotoxicity at exposures up to 10 μg/cm2.
Probing the Effects of Electron Deficient Aryl Substituents and a π‐System Extended NHC Ring on the Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction with Re‐pyNHC‐Aryl Complexes**
Authors: Shirley Hunter , Sexton Thomas More , Liyanage Nalaka P. , Perkins Morgan A. , Autry Shane A. , McNamara Louis E. , Hammer Nathan I. , Parkin Sean R. , Tschumper Gregory S. , Delcamp Jared H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ever‐expanding need for renewable energy can be addressed in part by photocatalytic CO2 reduction to give fuels via an artificial photosynthetic process driven by sunlight. A series of rhenium photocatalysts are evaluated in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction and via photophysical, electrochemical, and computational studies. The impact of various electron withdrawing substituents on the aryl group of the pyNHC‐aryl ligand along with the impact of extending conjugation along the backbone of the ligand is analyzed. A strong correlation between excited‐state lifetimes, photocatalytic rates, and computationally determined dissociation energy of the labile ligand of these complexes is observed. Additionally, computed orbital analysis provides an added understanding, which allows for prediction of the potential impact of an electron withdrawing substituent on photocatalysis.
Corporate social responsibility and employees' voluntary pro‐environmental behavior: The role of organizational pride and employee engagement
Authors: Raza Ali , Farrukh Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Khalid , Farhan Muhammad , Wu Yihua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the growing significance of pro‐environmental behavior in the hospitality industry, empirically derived insights into its predictors and outcomes remain unexplored. Drawing upon the theory of social exchange and social identity theory, this study investigates the impact of hotels' employees' perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on employees' voluntary pro‐environmental behavior (VPEB). The authors also examine the mediating roles of organizational pride and employee engagement (EE). Moreover, the moderating role of empathy is also investigated in the relationship between CSR and VPEB. We investigated our theoretical framework through a survey of 336 employees of selected luxury hotels in Pakistan. Findings reveal that CSR directly affects VPEB. Further, the parallel and sequential mediation of EE and organizational pride is also confirmed between CSR and VPEB. Moreover, empathy moderates the relationship between CSR and VPEB. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed at the end.