bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian estimation of the Eurozone currency union effect
Authors: Carpio Ronaldo , Guo Meixin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper uses Bayesian methods to estimate the European (Monetary) Union effect on trade. The high dimensionality of the parameter space when estimating gravity equations with many dummy variables results in standard hypothesis tests with a large Type I (false positive) error. Bayesian methods are able to handle this problem; they also provide a principled method of model selection that can be applied to different specifications of the dummy variables. Bayesian model selection tests prefer our most unrestricted dummy specification, which includes asymmetric bilateral effects, as well as time‐varying, country‐specific factors. Our estimate shows a zero Euro effect on trade, but a 14.8% increase in imports for a member of the European Union during 1980–2004.
Human‐tick encounters as a measure of tickborne disease risk in lyme disease endemic areas
Authors: Hook Sarah A. , Nawrocki Courtney C. , Meek James I. , Feldman Katherine A. , White Jennifer L. , Connally Neeta P. , Hinckley Alison F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEntomological measures have long served as proxies for human risk of Lyme disease (LD) and other tickborne diseases (TBDs) in endemic areas of the United States, despite conflicting results regarding the correlation between these measures and human disease outcomes. Using data from a previous TBD intervention study in Connecticut, Maryland and New York, we evaluated whether human‐tick encounters can serve as an accurate proxy for risk of TBDs in areas where LD and other Ixodes scapularis‐transmitted infections are common. Among 2,590 households consisting of 4,210 individuals, experiencing a tick encounter was associated with an increased risk of both self‐reported (RR = 3.17, 95% CI: 2.05, 4.91) and verified TBD (RR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.39, 4.84) at the household level. Household characteristics associated with experiencing any tick encounter were residence in Connecticut (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.51) or New York (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.22), head of household having a graduate level education (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.08), owning a pet (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.23) and a property size of 2 acres or larger (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.70). Results for individual characteristics were similar to those for households. Future prevention studies in LD endemic areas should consider using human‐tick encounters as a robust proxy for TBD risk.
Geometric morphometrics reveal sister species in sympatry and a cline in genital morphology in a ghost spider genus
Authors: Wilson Jeremy D. , Zapata Lorena V. , Barone Mariana L. , Cotoras Darko D. , Poy Dante , Ramírez Martín J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMorphological boundaries between species of the maculatipes‐group in the ghost spider genus Sanogasta Mello‐Leitão are ambiguous, and the most widespread species, S. maculatipes, is unusually variable and may represent multiple cryptic species. To resolve these issues, we perform a geometric morphometric analysis on the female genitalia of the group, visualizing and testing for differences in shape between described species, and between putative cryptic species within S. maculatipes. We complement this with a multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis of the group, to place the morphological results in a phylogenetic context. Our study reveals that two species in the group, S. alticola and S. mandibularis, are morphologically and molecularly distinct lineages that can be objectively distinguished. However, we reveal that S. maculatipes actually consists of two widespread sister species which occur in sympatry throughout the grasslands of northern Argentina. We further discover a geographical cline in the shape of the female genitalia of one of these sister species, such that specimens from the east and west of the range display morphological differences comparable to those between species, despite being virtually identical at the COI locus. Our study demonstrates the strength of a geometric morphometric approach for delimiting species in species‐complexes where morphological differences are subtle and confounding factors such as overlapping ranges, allometry and high levels of intraspecific variation are present.
Load-Sharing and Kinematics of the Human Cervical Spine Under Multi-Axial Transverse Shear Loading: Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation
Authors: Whyte T. , Barker J. B. , Cronin D. S. , Dumas G. A. , Nolte L.-P. , Cripton P. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe cervical spine experiences shear forces during everyday activities and injurious events yet there is a paucity of biomechanical data characterizing the cervical spine under shear loading. This study aimed to (1) characterize load transmission paths and kinematics of the subaxial cervical spine under shear loading, and (2) assess a contemporary finite element cervical spine model using this data. Subaxial functional spinal units (FSUs) were subjected to anterior, posterior, and lateral shear forces (200 N) applied with and without superimposed axial compression preload (200 N) while monitoring spine kinematics. Load transmission paths were identified using strain gauges on the anterior vertebral body and lateral masses and a disc pressure sensor. Experimental conditions were simulated with cervical spine finite element model FSUs (GHBMC M50 version 5.0). The mean kinematics, vertebral strains, and disc pressures were compared to experimental results. The shear force–displacement response typically demonstrated a toe region followed by a linear response, with higher stiffness in anterior shear relative to lateral and posterior shear. Compressive axial preload decreased posterior and lateral shear stiffness and increased initial anterior shear stiffness. Load transmission patterns and kinematics suggest the facet joints play a key role in limiting anterior shear while the disc governs motion in posterior shear. The main cervical spine shear responses and trends are faithfully predicted by the GHBMC cervical spine model. These basic cervical spine biomechanics and the computational model can provide insight into mechanisms for facet dislocation in high severity impacts, and tissue distraction in low severity impacts.
A Novel Auto-LSTM-Based State of Health Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wen Long , Bo Nan , Ye Xingchen , Li Xinyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied in modern society. The state of health (SOH) estimation can provide helpful guidance to maintain LIBs in advance. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been widely applied to pursue the high accuracy SOH estimation. However, the accuracy and performance of ML/DL methods heavily rely on their hyperparameters, and the hyperparameters tuning process for ML-/DL-based SOH estimation is mainly optimized by manual search, which are very time consuming and can hardly find the good hyperparameters configuration within the limited time resource. In this study, a new automatic long short-term memory (LSTM) method, called auto-LSTM, is developed for the SOH estimation, which can tune the hyperparameters in feature selection, LSTM structure, and its training algorithm in the automatic way. First, a LSTM model is developed for the SOH estimation. Second, the hyperparameters of the proposed LSTM are collected to be optimized by random search (RS) and tree Pazen estimator (TPE) automatically. Third, as the hyperparameters of auto-LSTM are characteristic as the hierarchy high dimension, a novel hyperparameter reduction algorithm (HRA) is developed to promote RS and TPE. The proposed auto-LSTM is tested on the NASA dataset and CALCE dataset. The results show that the proposed auto-LSTM with HRA can promote both RS and TPE on most case studies, validating its potential for providing a user-friendly and easy method for the SOH estimation on LIBs.
Modeling and Development of Passively Adaptive Assistive Tools for the Assembly of Press-Fit Components
Authors: Landuré Jérôme , Laliberté Thierry , Gosselin Clément , Abdallah Muhammad E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article discusses passive mechanical architectures for accuracy correction during assembly operations. A specific solution for passive force generation with thresholds is presented. Then, the kinematics of several rotational and translational mechanisms is presented. Afterwards, a case study is introduced and the design of a prototype is presented together with some tests performed on a spark plug assembly task.
Maximum Strength Design of SFF Parts Under Steady Loads
Authors: Bzymek Zbigniew M. , Marks Wojciech , Roychoudhuri Chandrasekhar , Sun Lianchao , Shaw Leon L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) technologies refer to the fabrication of physical parts directly from computer-based solid models by layers using a row-by-row pattern, though it is possible to build the part using other patterns. The trend is to produce parts of 100% density which would have properties similar to those made by casting molten metal into a mold. Very good results have been obtained recently by treating a rendered part in a high pressure chamber. In this paper, an idea is presented in which the structure of a part can be designed in such a way that there is no need for the entire part to be 100% solid. The stresses are taken only by certain regions of structure and those regions should be rendered with full a density as possible. The rest of the part material is treated as filling and supporting substance which can be made as porous as is needed to conduct the heat out during the rendering process. In such an approach the design process for SFF technology would represent a challenge to designers who, in addition to making decisions concerning optimum shape and functionality of the entire part, have to take under consideration several other manufacturing factors. These factors cover a wide range of technical issues, such as Computer-Aided Design model generation, part description and model slicing files, laser path files, precision of part design, rendering patterns, manufacturing tolerances, thermal expansion, and residual stress phenomena.
On the basis of experience gained in previously developed SFF part manufacturing, the authors describe the concepts and some conclusions from the research in progress that concentrates on two areas that are inseparable; developing the most suitable CAD methods for precise part design, and optimization of the part building structure for maximum part stiffness under a given load.
Comparison of Probabilistic and Possibility Theory-Based Methods for Design Against Catastrophic Failure Under Uncertainty
Authors: Nikolaidis Efstratios , Cudney Harley , Chen Sophie , Haftka Raphael T. , Rosca Raluca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper compares probabilistic and possibility-based methods for design against catastrophic failure under uncertainty. It studies the effect of the amount of information on the effectiveness of each method. The study is confined to problems where the boundary between survival and failure is sharp.
First, the paper examines the theoretical foundations of probability and possibility. It also compares the two methods when they are used to assess the risk of a system. Finally, it compares the two methods on two design problems.
A major difference between probability and possibility is in the axioms about the union of events. Because of this difference, probability and possibility calculi are fundamentally different and one cannot simulate possibility calculus using probabilistic models. It is shown that possibility-based methods can be less conservative than probability-based methods in systems with many failure modes. On the other hand, possibility-based methods tend to be more conservative than probability-based methods in systems that fail only if many unfavorable events occur simultaneously. Probabilistic methods are better than possibility-based methods if sufficient information is available. However, the latter can be better if little information is available. A principal reason is that it is easier to identify the most conservative possibilistic model than the most conservative probabilistic model that is consistent with the available information.
Can topical epinephrine application to the papilla prevent pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography? Results from a double blind, multicentre, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Romano-Munive Adriana Fabiola , García-Correa J Jesus , García-Contreras Luis F , Ramírez-García José , Uscanga Luis , Barbero-Becerra Varenka J , Moctezuma-Velázquez Carlos , Ochoa-Rubí Jorge A , Toledo-Cuque Julio , Vázquez-Anaya Gerardo , Keil-Ríos Daniel , Grajales-Figueroa Guido , Ramírez-Luna Miguel Ángel , Valdovinos-Andraca Francisco , Zamora-Nava Luis Eduardo , Tellez-Avila Felix 
Published: February 2021

Background and study aimsPost-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is a complication associated with important morbidity, occasional mortality and high costs. Preventive strategies are suboptimal as PEP continues to affect 4% to 9% of patients. Spraying epinephrine on the papilla may decrease oedema and prevent PEP. This study aimed to compare rectal indomethacin plus epinephrine (EI) versus rectal indomethacin plus sterile water (WI) for the prevention of PEP.Patients and methodsThis multicentre randomised controlled trial included patients aged >18 years with an indication for ERCP and naive major papilla. All patients received 100 mg of rectal indomethacin and 10 mL of sterile water or a 1:10 000 epinephrine dilution. Patients were asked about PEP symptoms via telephone 24 hours and 7 days after the procedure. The trial was stopped half way through after a new publication reported an increased incidence of PEP among patients receiving epinephrine.ResultsOf the 3602 patients deemed eligible, 3054 were excluded after screening. The remaining 548 patients were randomised to EI group (n=275) or WI group (n=273). The EI and WI groups had similar baseline characteristics. Patients in the EI group had a similar incidence of PEP to those in the WI group (3.6% (10/275) vs 5.12% (14/273), p=0.41). Pancreatic duct guidewire insertion was identified as a risk factor for PEP (OR 4.38, 95% CI (1.44 to 13.29), p=0.009).ConclusionSpraying epinephrine on the papilla was no more effective than rectal indomethacin alone for the prevention of PEP.Trial registration numberThis study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02959112).
Treating osteoarticular infections in a Role 2 in Chad: a bacterial epidemiological study
Authors: Demoures Thomas , Choufani C , Contargyris C , Caubere A , Mathieu L , Barbier O 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionThe treatment of osteoarticular infections in Africa is a medical and surgical challenge due to the difficulties in managing antibiotic therapy after the surgical procedure. The objectives of this study were to identify the types of bacteria in osteoarticular lesions in patients treated in Chad and to determine the spectrum of resistance encountered and the efficacy of available antibiotics.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective study of all intraoperative osteoarticular and soft tissue samples taken in a French Role 2 Medical Treatment Facility of N'Djamena during surgery for chronic osteoarticular infections, in Chad, for 1 year.ResultsA total of 160 bacterial strains were identified, with a predominance of Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) and staphylococcus infections. Among staphylococci, 80% were methicillin-sensitive streptococci which were generally multidrug-sensitive. Enterococci were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, first-generation fluoroquinolones and gentamycin. Among GNB, there was a predominance of enterobacteria compared with non-fermenting GNB, of which 52% were multidrug-resistant and produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL).ConclusionStaphylococcus aureusinfections are most often sensitive to available antibiotics and therefore have better prognoses than infections caused by other bacteria. In contrast, in half of the cases of GNB, infections were caused by bacteria producing ESBL, thus posing the problem of multidrug-resistance, the risks of which are increased in precarious situations. Therefore, the type of bacteria appears to be a major prognostic factor in the treatment of osteoarticular infections in a Role 2 in Chad. This criterion will need to be considered before any treatment decisions are made.
Randomised controlled trial in an experimental online supermarket testing the effects of front-of-pack nutrition labelling on food purchasing intentions in a low-income population
Authors: Egnell Manon , Boutron Isabelle , Péneau Sandrine , Ducrot Pauline , Touvier Mathilde , Galan Pilar , Buscail Camille , Porcher Raphaël , Ravaud Philippe , Hercberg Serge , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Julia Chantal 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe Nutri-Score, a front-of-pack nutrition label, has been adopted in 2017 in France but its impact on low-income populations is unknown, and they are more at risk of having unhealthy diets. The present study assessed the effects of the Nutri-Score on the nutritional quality of purchasing intentions among low-income individuals, compared with the current French labelling situation: references intakes (RIs) and no label, using a three-arm parallel-group randomised controlled trial.MethodsLow-income active adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (household income below €1200/month) were asked to perform a shopping task in an experimental online supermarket after being randomised in one of the three conditions (Nutri-Score, RIs or no labelling). The main outcome was the overall nutritional quality of the virtual shopping cart, assessed with the French-modified Food Standards Agency Nutrient Profiling System (FSAm-NPS), and secondary outcomes were the nutrient content of the shopping carts. 524 subjects were randomised, and 336 included in the analyses.ResultsThe Nutri-Score resulted in the highest overall nutritional quality of the shopping cart, as reflected by a FSAm-NPS score (1.86 (SD 3.59) points) significantly lower (reflecting higher nutritional quality) than the RIs (3.21 (SD 4.14) points, p≤0.05) but not significantly lower than no label (2.60 (SD 3.09) points, p=0.3). The Nutri-Score also resulted into significantly lower contents in calories and saturated fatty acids in the shopping cart, compared with the RIs only (p≤0.05).ConclusionThe implementation of the front of pack nutrition label Nutri-Score, adopted in France and in different European countries, appears to have the potential to encourage purchasing intentions of foods from higher nutritional quality among low-income individuals, compared with the RIs label promoted by food manufacturers.Trial registration number:NCT02769455
Psychosocial impact on frontline health and social care professionals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Aughterson Henry , McKinlay Alison R , Fancourt Daisy , Burton Alexandra 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the psychosocial well-being of health and social care professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis was a qualitative study deploying in-depth, individual interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for coding.ParticipantsThis study involved 25 participants from a range of frontline professions in health and social care.SettingInterviews were conducted over the phone or video call, depending on participant preference.ResultsFrom the analysis, we identified 5 overarching themes: communication challenges, work-related stressors, support structures, personal growth and individual resilience. The participants expressed difficulties such as communication challenges and changing work conditions, but also positive factors such as increased team unity at work, and a greater reflection on what matters in life.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on the support needs of health and social care professionals amid continued and future disruptions caused by the pandemic. It also elucidates some of the successful strategies (such as mindfulness, hobbies, restricting news intake, virtual socialising activities) deployed by health and social care professionals that can support their resilience and well-being and be used to guide future interventions.
Static spherically symmetric wormhole with quadratic shape function and particle trajectories around it
Authors: Ghosh Bikram , Dutta Sourav , Mukerji Sudeshna , Chakraborty Subenoy 
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with static traversable wormhole having shape function a polynomial of the radial coordinate of degree 2. Embedding of the wormholes in space–time is examined both analytically and graphically. Also both timelike and null geodesics are studied in this wormhole geometry.
Healthy Genetically Normal Live-Birth After Mosaic Chromosome 5 Embryo Transfer: A Case Report
Authors: Luu Tam M. , Nguyen Nhung C. , Tran Cam T. , Le Anh H. , Huynh Bao G. , Ho Tuong M. 
Published: February 2021

Embryonic mosaicism is defined as two or more distinct cell lines within an embryo, which is originally developed from a zygote. Although the potential of mosaic embryos still remain unclear, recent reports have proved that mosaic embryo transfer can achieve healthy live-births. Up to now, there is no report of a live-birth having mosaic trisomy of full chromosome 5 following in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Our case is the first case proving that the transfer of medium-mosaicism embryo can result in a healthy live-birth. The couple are both carriers of balanced reciprocal translocations (46,XX,t(2;8)(p23;q24.3) and 46,XY,t(12;16)(q13.2;q23)). They had three IVF cycles combined with PGT-SR (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangement). A total of 18 blastocysts were biopsied and no euploid embryo was found. After the conselling, the patients chose to transfer a 40% mosaic trisomy chromosome 5 embryo. The follow-up pregnancy including prenatal diagnosis, amniocentesis and peripheral blood chromosome analysis of the newborn revealed no trisomy chromosome 5.