bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic profiles of three dose rates of morphine sulfate following single intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration in the goat
Authors: Gordon Emma , Dirikolu Levent , Liu Chin‐Chi , Ulanov Alexander V. , Li Zhong , Welborn Matt , Armstrong Chance , Vallotton Danielle , Keeton Sarah , Camlic Sarah , Scully Clare M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of morphine in goats following a single dose administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously at 0.1 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, and 0.4 mg/kg. Study population included eight healthy adult goats in a randomized cross‐over study. Serial plasma samples were collected and morphine was quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data fit a two‐compartment model following intravenous administration and a non‐compartmental model following both intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. Plasma elimination half‐life was 2.88 ± 1.13 h (0.1 mg/kg), 2.30 ± 0.49 h (0.25 mg/kg), and 2.67 ± 0.82 h (0.4 mg/kg) following IV morphine. Intramuscular Cmax values were 13.4 ± 2.77 ng/ml (0.1 mg/kg), 34 ± 11.50 ng/ml (0.25 mg/kg), and 68.9 ± 24.5 ng/ml (0.4 mg/kg). Intramuscular Tmax f(h) or IM dosing (in hrs) was 0.19 ± 0.14 (0.1 mg/kg), 0.24 ± 0.24 (0.25 mg/kg), and 0.21 ± 0.24 (0.4 mg/kg). Subcutaneous Cmax values were 9.88 ± 3.31 ng/ml (0.1 mg/kg), 28.5 ± 11.6 ng/ml (0.25 mg/kg), and 39.4 ± 14.3 ng/ml (0.4 mg/kg). Subcutaneous Tmax (h) values for SC dosing were 0.36 ± 0.21 (0.1 mg/kg), 0.31 ± 0.17 (0.25 mg/kg), and 0.4 ± 0.13 (0.4 mg/kg). Intramuscular bioavailability values were 153.77 ± 12.60% (0.4 mg/kg), 104.8 ± 25.12% (0.25 mg/kg), and 100.7 ± 29.57% (0.1 mg/kg). Subcutaneous bioavailability values were 130.58 ± 19.07% (0.4 mg/kg), 116.6 ± 27.03% (0.25 mg/kg), and 111.6 ± 23.24% (0.1 mg/kg).No adverse effects were observed. Assuming plasma concentration required to induce analgesia is 16 ± 9 ng/ml in goats, as demonstrated in humans, it is suggested to administer morphine intramuscularly at 0.4 mg/kg every 3–4 h or SC every 2–3 h. This is a speculative conclusion therefore further studies evaluating pharmacodynamics and plasma analgesic threshold in goats is recommended.
Bis‐molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide modulates hemolysin expression under anaerobiosis and contributes to fitness in vivo in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Xinyang , Huang Dongyan , Zhao Zihui , Cai Xuwang , Cai Wentong , Li Ganwu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Successful urinary tract colonization requires appropriate expression of virulence factors in response to host environmental cues, such as limited oxygen and iron availability. Hemolysin is a pore‐forming toxin, and its expression correlates with the severity of UPEC infection. Previously, we showed that hemolysin expression is enhanced under anaerobic conditions; however, the genetic basis and regulatory mechanisms involved remain undefined. Here, a transposon‐based forward screen identified bis‐molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide cofactor (bis‐MGD) biosynthesis as an important factor for a full transcription of hemolysin under anaerobiosis but not under aerobiosis. bis‐MGD positively influences hemolysin transcription via c3566‐c3568, an operon immediately upstream of and cotranscribed with hlyCABD. Furthermore, suppressor mutation analysis identified the nitrogen regulator NtrC as a direct repressor of c3566‐c3568‐hlyCABD expression, and intact bis‐MGD biosynthesis downregulated ntrC expression, thus at least partially explaining the positive role of bis‐MGD in modulating hemolysin expression. Finally, bis‐MGD is involved in hemolysin‐mediated uroepithelial cell death and contributes to the competitive fitness of UPEC in a murine model of UTI. Collectively, our data establish that bis‐MGD biosynthesis plays a crucial role in UPEC fitness in vivo, thus providing a potential target for combatting UTIs.
Declarations of Independence after the Cold War: Abandoning grievance and avoiding rupture
Authors: Kartsonaki Argyro , Pavković Aleksandar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeclarations of Independence (DoIs) tend to employ the grievance topoi as a means to legitimize their demands for statehood. We find, however, that after the end of the Cold War a new subgenre of DoIs emerged, which deploys topoi not referring to grievances against the host state. These DoIs focus on commitments the secessionist state makes towards existing states. We analyse four DoIs, that of Slovenia, Croatia, Abkhazia, and Kosovo using Wodak et al.'s Critical Discourse Analysis and Wendt's categorization of state identity. Our findings show that these secessionist states pledge to adhere to the internationally recognized norms of democracy, rule of law, and human rights and put forward a discourse of “belonging” to a family of states defined by these norms. They call therefore for international recognition based on their commitment to socialization avoiding the rupture with the host state and the issue of breach of territorial integrity.
Investigation of the usability of kisspeptin and oxidative stress parameters in the early diagnosis of asymptomatic cystic endometrial hyperplasia in dogs
Authors: Kurt Serdal , Eşki Funda , Mis Leyla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the differences in oxidative stress index (OSI) and kisspeptin levels in clinically asymptomatic dogs with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) compared to healthy and pregnant dogs, and to determine the usability of the obtained results in the diagnosis of asymptomatic CEH. The study comprised three groups; a healthy (n = 8), a pregnant (n = 10) and a CEH (n = 10). All dogs in the three groups were included in the study at the 30 ± 3th day after estrus, and blood samples were collected for analysis of kisspeptin, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2) and some biochemical parameters (TSH; thyroid stimulating hormone, ALT; alanine aminotransferase, AST; aspartate aminotransferase, ALP; alkaline phosphatase, LDH; lactate dehydrogenase, CRE; creatine and BUN; blood urea nitrogen). In addition, OSI value was calculated. P4 and ALT and BUN levels were significantly lower and higher in CEH group than the pregnant group, respectively (p < .05). While kisspeptin and TAS levels were significantly lower in CEH group compared to the healthy and pregnant groups (p < .01), OSI level increased dramatically. In conclusion, it was confirmed that CEH clearly affected kisspeptin and OSI levels, and it is thought that these parameters may be an alternative diagnostic tool for the detection of CEH after further studies.
A pragmatic outreach pilot to understand and overcome barriers to COVID‐19 vaccination in abdominal organ transplant
Authors: Serper Marina , Liu Chung‐Heng , Blumberg Emily A. , Burdzy Alexander E. , Veasey Stephanie , Halpern Samantha , Lander Elaine , Sigafus Matthew R. , Bloom Roy D. , Dunn Ty B. , Abt Peter L. , Reddy K. Rajender , Mehta Shivan J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at increased risk for adverse outcomes with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). Early data show a lower severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike antibody immune response among SOTRs leading to patient concerns about vaccine efficacy. Public health messaging has largely left out immunocompromized individuals leading to a higher risk of vaccine misinformation. The American Society of Transplantation recommends COVID‐19 vaccination for all SOTRs; however, patient concerns and beliefs about vaccination are largely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a transplant‐center‐based, pragmatic pilot trial to encourage COVID‐19 vaccination among 103 unvaccinated SOTRs. We assessed vaccine concerns, barriers to vaccination, answered questions about efficacy, side effects, and clinical recommendations.ResultsA total of 24% (n = 25) of SOTRs reported that they will schedule COVID‐19 vaccination after the study call, 46% reported that they will consider vaccination in the future, and 30% said they will not consider vaccination. Older age and White race were associated with lower willingness to schedule the vaccine, whereas Black race and longer time from transplant were associated with higher willingness. Common vaccine concerns included lack of long‐term data, inconsistent messaging from providers, scheduling inconvenience, and insufficient resources. Follow‐up approximately 1 month after the initial outreach found 52% (n = 13) of liver transplant recipients, and 10% (n = 3) of kidney transplant recipients subsequently received COVID‐19 vaccines for a vaccination rate of 29% among respondents.ConclusionTransplant center‐based vaccine outreach efforts can decrease misinformation and increase vaccination uptake; however, vaccine‐related mistrust remains high.
Factors contributing to a positive childbirth experience for women in a hospital setting: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Price Tara S. , Andries Chelsey , Palokas Michelle , Christian Robin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this umbrella review is to identify and evaluate the factors that contribute to a positive childbirth experience in laboring women in the hospital setting.

Introduction:
Childbirth is a milestone for women. Overall, the experience can positively or negatively affect self-esteem, bonding, future childbirth decisions, and overall health and well-being. Understanding of the mother's perception and expectation of the childbirth event is needed to promote positive experiences and outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider qualitative systematic reviews that include pregnant women, women in active labor, or women who have recently given birth. This review will consider systematic reviews conducted in a hospital setting in any geographical location reporting on women's positive childbirth experiences, and the factors that led to positive experiences.

Methods:
The search strategy will aim to locate qualitative systematic reviews. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Sources of unpublished reviews and gray literature to be searched include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Sciences and Engineering Collection and OpenGrey. Systematic reviews published since 2001 in the English language will be included. Data will be extracted from systematic reviews by two independent reviewers and findings from the included reviews, as they relate to the umbrella review question, will be presented in tabular format with a supplemental narrative to ensure interpretability.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021251796
First report of damage and population dynamics of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae) in the State of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Nuvoloni Felipe Micali , Andrade Laiza Mirelle Santos , Castro Elizeu Barbosa , Rezende José Marcos , Araújo Marcel Santos De 
Published: September 2021

The presence of the red palm mite Raoiella indica Hirst, was recorded on açaí, Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae), in Porto Seguro, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. We evaluated the population dynamics of R. indica from September 2019 to February 2020. The population outbreak and most severe damage caused by R. indica was observed in February, a period of highest temperatures and low relative humidity. This is the first report of damage caused by the red palm mite on E. oleracea in Brazil. Management practices must be implemented to avoid intercropping açaí with other hosts of this mite e.g. coconut, banana and palm trees in order to minimize the occurrence and damage of R. indica on such agrosystems.
Three-stage modification of lithospheric mantle: Evidence from petrology, in-situ trace elements, and Sr isotopes of mantle xenoliths in the Cenozoic basalts, northeastern North China Craton
Authors: Xu Xinran , Tang Yanjie , Ying Jifeng , Zhao Xinmiao , Xiao Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present mineralogical and geochemical compositions of mantle xenoliths from two Cenozoic basalt localities of the northeastern North China Craton. These xenoliths include lherzolite, harzburgite, and websterite. They are generally fertile in major elements and different from the typical cratonic lithosphere, which is consistent with previous hypotheses regarding craton destruction. The ratios of 87Sr/86Sr and (La/Yb)N of clinopyroxenes (Cpx) in one lherzolite are relatively low in the core but high in the rim. The center of the Cpx grain has a high U concentration. Changes in trace elements and Sr isotopes indicate that later stage high 87Sr/86Sr melt metasomatism superimposed on the early hydrous melt/fluid. The Cpxs in some xenoliths are low in Ti/Eu but high in Ca/Al and light rare earth elements, which indicates carbonate melt metasomatism. 87Sr/86Sr is increased in the core and decreased in the rim of most Cpx grains, which reflects the superposition of two-stage metasomatism. The early agent should be high in 87Sr/86Sr, and the recent agent should be low in 87Sr/86Sr. The Cpxs in olivine websterite are low in 87Sr/86Sr (0.70220–0.70320), which reflects the recent metasomatism of asthenosphere-derived melt. Collectively, these observations reflect a three-stage modification of the lithospheric mantle. First-stage hydrous melt/fluid could come from the dehydration of young subducted plates. Second-stage melt/fluid of high 87Sr/86Sr could derive from the partial melting of the subducted altered oceanic crust, and the recent melt/fluid of low 87Sr/86Sr should be from the asthenosphere.
Tunnel valley infill and genesis revealed by high-resolution 3-D seismic data
Authors: Kirkham James D. , Hogan Kelly A. , Larter Robert D. , Self Ed , Games Ken , Huuse Mads , Stewart Margaret A. , Ottesen Dag , Arnold Neil S. , Dowdeswell Julian A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLandforms produced beneath former ice sheets offer insights into inaccessible subglacial processes and present analogues for how current ice masses may evolve in a warming climate. Large subglacial channels cut by meltwater erosion (tunnel valleys [TVs]) have the potential to provide valuable empirical constraints for numerical ice-sheet models concerning realistic melt rates, water routing, and the interplay between basal hydrology and ice dynamics. However, the information gleaned from these features has thus far been limited by an inability to adequately resolve their internal structures. We use high-resolution three-dimensional (HR3-D) seismic data (6.25 m bin size, ∼4 m vertical resolution) to analyze the infill of buried TVs in the North Sea. The HR3-D seismic data represent a step-change in our ability to investigate the mechanisms and rates at which TVs are formed and filled. Over 40% of the TVs examined contain buried glacial landforms including eskers, crevasse-squeeze ridges, glacitectonic structures, and kettle holes. As most of these landforms had not previously been detected using conventional 3-D seismic reflection methods, the mechanisms that formed them are currently absent from models of TV genesis. The ability to observe such intricate internal structures opens the possibility of using TVs to reconstruct the hydrological regimes of former mid-latitude ice sheets as analogues for contemporary ones.
Boninitic blueschists record subduction initiation and subsequent accretion of an arc–forearc in the northeast Proto-Tethys Ocean
Authors: Fu Dong , Huang Bo , Johnson Tim E. , Wilde Simon A. , Jourdan Fred , Polat Ali , Windley Brian F. , Hu Zhaochu , Kusky Timothy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Subduction of oceanic lithosphere is a diagnostic characteristic of plate tectonics. However, the geodynamic processes from initiation to termination of subduction zones remain enigmatic mainly due to the scarcity of appropriate rock records. We report the first discovery of early Paleozoic boninitic blueschists and associated greenschists from the eastern Proto-Tethyan North Qilian orogenic belt, northeastern Tibet, which have geochemical affinities that are typical of forearc boninites and island arc basalts, respectively. The boninitic protoliths of the blueschists record intra-oceanic subduction initiation at ca. 492–488 Ma in the eastern North Qilian arc/forearc–backarc system, whereas peak blueschist facies metamorphism reflects subsequent subduction of the arc/forearc complex to high pressure at ca. 455 Ma. These relations therefore record the life circle of an intra-oceanic subduction zone within the northeastern Proto-Tethys Ocean. The geodynamic evolution provides an early Paleozoic analogue of the early development of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc and its later subduction beneath the extant Japanese arc margin. This finding highlights the important role of subduction of former upper plate island arc/forearcs in reducing the likelihood of preservation of initial subduction-related rock records in ancient orogenic belts.
Patients with mesenchymal tumours and highFusobacterialesprevalence have worse prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: Salvucci Manuela , Crawford Nyree , Stott Katie , Bullman Susan , Longley Daniel B , Prehn Jochen H M 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTranscriptomic-based subtyping, consensus molecular subtyping (CMS) and colorectal cancer intrinsic subtyping (CRIS) identify a patient subpopulation with mesenchymal traits (CMS4/CRIS-B) and poorer outcome. Here, we investigated the relationship between prevalence ofFusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) andFusobacteriales, CMS/CRIS subtyping, cell type composition, immune infiltrates and host contexture to refine patient stratification and to identify druggable context-specific vulnerabilities.DesignWe coupled cell culture experiments with characterisation ofFn/Fusobacterialesprevalence and host biology/microenviroment in tumours from two independent colorectal cancer patient cohorts (Taxonomy: n=140, colon and rectal cases of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-COAD-READ) cohort: n=605).ResultsIn vitro,Fninfection induced inflammation via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/tumour necrosis factor alpha in HCT116 and HT29 cancer cell lines. In patients, highFn/Fusobacterialeswere found in CMS1, microsatellite unstable () tumours, with infiltration of M1 macrophages, reduced M2 macrophages, and high interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8/IL-1β signalling. Analysis of the Taxonomy cohort suggested thatFnwas prognostic for CMS4/CRIS-B patients, despite having lowerFnload than CMS1 patients. In the TCGA-COAD-READ cohort, we likewise identified a differential association betweenFusobacterialesrelative abundance and outcome when stratifying patients in mesenchymal (either CMS4 and/or CRIS-B) versus non-mesenchymal (neither CMS4 nor CRIS-B). Patients with mesenchymal tumours and highFusobacterialeshad approximately twofold higher risk of worse outcome. These associations were null in non-mesenchymal patients. Modelling the three-way association betweenFusobacterialesprevalence, molecular subtyping and host contexture with logistic models with an interaction term disentangled the pathogen–host signalling relationship and identified aberrations (including NOTCH, CSF1-3 and IL-6/IL-8) as candidate targets.ConclusionThis study identifies CMS4/CRIS-B patients with highFn/Fusobacterialesprevalence as a high-risk subpopulation that may benefit from therapeutics targeting mesenchymal biology.
Seasonal patterns in nutritional condition of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in the southern Northwest Territories and northeastern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Cook John G. , Kelly Allicia P. , Cook Rachel C. , Culling Brad , Culling Diane , McLaren Ashley , Larter Nicholas C. , Watters Megan 
Published: September 2021

Evaluating nutritional condition provides insights of nutritional influences on wildlife populations. We sampled three measures of condition — body fat, body mass, and loin thickness — of adult female caribou (Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in boreal settings in the Northwest Territories (NT), Canada, in December and March, 2016–2018, and in mountain and boreal settings in British Columbia (BC), Canada, in December and February, 2014–2015. We evaluated the effect of calf-rearing on condition in December, compared influences of summer–autumn versus winter on condition over winter, and developed an annual profile of nutritional condition with estimates from caribou dying in summer. Mean December body fat was 8.4% in females with calves and 11.4% in females without calves, demonstrating the influence of lactation on condition. Over winter, nutritional condition did not decline in northeastern BC and it declined slightly in NT: body fat by 0.55 percentage points, mass by 2.8 kg, and loin thickness did not change. Body fat peaked in December, changed little over winter, but declined to a minimum by early summer, temporally coinciding with elevated rates of adult female mortality. Consistent with those of other ungulate studies worldwide, our findings suggest a need to focus on nutritional limitations operating in late spring through early autumn.
What and How long: Prediction of Mobile App Engagement
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhou Ke , Pelleg Dan 
Published: September 2021

User engagement is crucial to the long-term success of a mobile app. Several metrics, such as dwell time, have been used for measuring user engagement. However, how to effectively predict user engagement in the context of mobile apps is still an open research question. For example, do the mobile usage contexts (e.g., time of day) in which users access mobile apps impact their dwell time? Answers to such questions could help mobile operating system and publishers to optimize advertising and service placement. In this article, we first conduct an empirical study for assessing how user characteristics, temporal features, and the short/long-term contexts contribute to gains in predicting users’ app dwell time on the population level. The comprehensive analysis is conducted on large app usage logs collected through a mobile advertising company. The dataset covers more than 12K anonymous users and 1.3 million log events. Based on the analysis, we further investigate a novel mobile app engagement prediction problem—can we predict simultaneously what app the user will use next and how long he/she will stay on that app? We propose several strategies for this joint prediction problem and demonstrate that our model can improve the performance significantly when compared with the state-of-the-art baselines. Our work can help mobile system developers in designing a better and more engagement-aware mobile app user experience.
Reiterman’s Theorem on Finite Algebras for a Monad
Authors: Adámek Jiří , Chen Liang-Ting , Milius Stefan , Urbat Henning 
Published: September 2021

Profinite equations are an indispensable tool for the algebraic classification of formal languages. Reiterman’s theorem states that they precisely specify pseudovarieties, i.e., classes of finite algebras closed under finite products, subalgebras and quotients. In this article, Reiterman’s theorem is generalized to finite Eilenberg-Moore algebras for a monad
T
on a category D: we prove that a class of finite
T
-algebras is a pseudovariety iff it is presentable by profinite equations. As a key technical tool, we introduce the concept of a profinite monad
T
^
associated to the monad
T
, which gives a categorical view of the construction of the space of profinite terms.