bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF OBESITY ON INTERRELATION BETWEEN ADROPIN AND PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Kobets Alla , Shelest Borys 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The pulse wave velocity (PWV) is one of the most important marker of the hypertensive patient's state. The adropin levels is diminished in patients with essential hypertension, but it is not investigated the association between this peptide and pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients and in hypertensive patients under the influence of concomitant obesity.
The objective was to investigate the influence of concomitant obesity on the interrelation between adropin level and PWV in hypertensive patients.

Design and method:
93 patients were under supervision in our study, 63 females, and average age 57.8 ± 8.3 years. 47 patients with essential hypertension associated with obesity formed the first group and 46 subjects of the second group had only hypertension. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of adropin. We used the applanation tonometry to estimate the carotid-femoral PWV. Obesity was considered as body mass index over 30 kg/m2.

Results:
The mean serum adropin level and PWV levels were 2.75 [2.08–4.21] pg / ml, 9.71 [7.01–10.36] m/s, in the first group and 3.51 [2.47–3.91] pg/ml, 8.53 [6.73–9.74] m/s in the second group respectively. There were significant differences between the groups in both adropin level and PWV (p < 0.01). The multivariate regression analysis did not showed that low adropin level was associated with increased values of PWV (p = 0.09) in hypertensive patients with concomitant obesity. In contrast, it was revealed significant association between PWV and adropin in the second group - (odds ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.021–0.64, p = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Conclusions: It was found that the presence of additional comorbid obesity in hypertensive patients lead to perversion of adropin and PWV interrelation. In obese hypertensive patients adropin did not evince its predictive role in PWV value but, in contrast, in hypertensive patients without obesity adropin is associated significantly with PWV, but further studies with larger amount of patients are needed to confirm these findings.
POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE FRACTIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR BURDEN ASSOCIATED WITH ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN CHINA-BASED A NATIONAL SURVEY
Authors: Kang Yuting , Wang Zengwu , Chen Zuo , Zhang Liinfeng , Wang Xin , Zheng Congyi , Jiang Linlin , Shao Lan , Tian Ye 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To provide updated and accurate provincial estimates of the burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to abdominal obesity and to estimate the geography heterogeneity on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) burden.

Design and method:
The multivariable-adjusted RRs by cox regression using cohort study with more than 30,000 individuals, along with the national BP level from national study, were used to calculate the population attributable fractions (PAF). China Hypertension Survey, involving 458,273 participants from 262 selected counties by stratified multistage random sampling method was used to calculate the prevalence of abdominal obesity. CVD events were defined as the incidence of fatal and non-fatal stroke, fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, and other causes from CVD.

Results:
Of more than 30,000 individuals aged 35 years or older in the current study, over a mean of 143,314.6 person-years years of follow up, we documented 571 cardiovascular events. Nationally, the CVD events attributable to abdominal obesity was 34.85%. The PAFs for abdominal obesity ranged from 16.86% in Tianjin to 4.21% in Hainan. In 2016, about 420.95 thousand (95%CI: 410.68–431.65) cardiovascular deaths were derived from abdominal obesity, with PAF of 10.95%. The provinces with high socio-demographic Index (SDI), such as Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin, all had relative lower CVD death numbers for hypertension.

Conclusions:
Abdominal obesity were related with excess CVD deaths. Geography heterogeneity exited among 31 provinces, with lower excess CVD deaths in high SDI provinces.
COMBINED EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX AND SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE ON DIASTOLIC FUNCTION AND EXERCISE CAPACITY
Authors: Ihm Sang-Hyun , Jung Mi-Hyang 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
We aimed to characterize the combined effect of obesity and prehypertension on the left ventricular diastolic function and exercise capacity.

Design and method:
From health check-up data, we extracted those without known cardiovascular disease or hypertension (n = 736). The subjects were classified as 4 groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (BP) level: non-obese individuals with an optimal BP (n = 279), non-obese individuals with prehypertension (n = 224), obese individuals with an optimal BP (n = 80), and obese individuals with prehypertension (n = 153). We defined obesity as a BMI equal to or greater than 25 kg/m2 and prehypertension as a systolic BP of 120–139 and/or diastolic BP of 80–89 mmHg. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as an E/e’ equal to or greater than 10 and exercise intolerance as a percent-predicted peak VO2 of < 80%.

Results:
Across the BP/BMI strata, a gradual increase in the E/e’ ratio was demonstrated even after an adjustment for the age and sex. A gradual decrease in the percent-predicted peak VO2 was observed. Obese individuals with prehypertension had the highest risk for diastolic dysfunction (OR 5.69, 95% CI 3.17–10.22), followed by obese individuals with an optimal BP (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.61–6.59) and non-obese individuals with prehypertension (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.61–6.59) compared with the reference group (non-obese group with optimal BP) after an adjustment for the age and sex. A similar risk gradient was also observed with regards to the exercise intolerance (corresponding HRs [95% CIs] were 3.58 [2.34–5.47], 3.30 [1.96–5.55], and 1.36 [0.91–2.04], respectively).

Conclusions:
Both obesity and prehypertension adversely affected the diastolic function and exercise capacity, suggesting possible targets for primary prevention of heart failure.
LINKING ARTERIAL STIFFNESS TO THE BIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFLAMMATION AND COAGULATION AT HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Gavrila Adrian 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The objective of the study was to estimate how the arterial stiffness (AS) correlates with pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic imbalances, at hypertensive patients (pts) with or without metabolic syndrome (MS).

Design and method:
50 hypertensive pts (mean age = 57.5 ± 9.6 years, 52% males) -group 1 and 50 hypertensive pts with MS, matched for age and sex (mean age = 59.4 ± 10.8 years, 54% males) -group 2. AS was evaluated by measuring carotid-femural pulse wave velocity (PWV) using SphygmoCor system. PWV greater than 10 m/s was considered abnormal. Inflammation profile was estimated by serum measurement of C reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (F). Pro-thrombotic profile was determinate by serum measurement of von Willebrand factor (vWf), antithrombin III (AT III) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1).

Results:
In group 1, 21 pts (42%) had increased PWV: 11.6 ± 0.2 m/s. In group 2, 23 pts (46%) had increased PWV: 12.4 ± 0.5 m/s. The difference is not significantly statistic between the two groups (p = 0.07). In group 1, increased PWV was significantly associated with higher level of CRP (2.17 ± 0.66 mg/L vs 7.23 ± 1.17 mg/L, p = 0.02). In group 2, increased PWV was found in a significantly higher proportion at pts with higher level of CRP (2.04 ± 0.75 mg/L vs 8.63 ± 1.16 mg/L, p = 0.004) and also with greater proportion of vWf (70.42 ± 23.78% vs 164.22 ± 29.83%, p = 0.001) and with higher level of PAI-1 (0.34 ± 0.18 u/mL vs 0.68 ± 0.21 u/mL, p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Hypertensive pts with MS have increased PWV in a greater but not significant proportion than hypertensive pts without MS. Increased PWV at hypertensive pts seems to reflect a proinflammatory status. Moreover, increased PWV at hypertensive pts with MS appears to express both pro-inflammatory status and pro-thrombotic imbalance.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION LEVELS ARE INCREASED IN OBESE SUBJECTS
Authors: Gaman Mihnea-Alexandr , Epingeac Mirela Elena , Diaconu Camelia Cristina , Gaman Amelia Maria 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The adipose tissue is involved in the generation of oxidative stress in obese subjects via production of adipokines which are a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Low-grade chronic inflammation and the depletion in antioxidants encountered in obese subjects are also involved in the crosstalk between oxidative stress and obesity. We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress levels and inflammation markers in 85 obese patients vs. 30 healthy, non-obese controls.

Design and method:
Oxidative stress was evaluated using a CR3000 analyzer via the FORT (Free Oxygen Radicals Testing for ROS quantification) and FORD (Free Oxygen Radical Defence for the measurement of antioxidant levels) assays from a single drop of capillary blood.

Results:
FORT values were increased and FORD values were decreased in obese patients vs. controls (Table 1). Fibrinogen levels were increased in obese patients vs. controls: 405.78 ± 36.11 mg/dL vs. 267.97 ± 36.64 mg/dL in controls, p-value < 0.0001. CRP levels were increased in obese patients vs. controls: 6.75 ± 0.79 mg/dL vs. 3.24 ± 0.58 mg/dL in controls, p-value < 0.0001. Serum ferritin levels were increased in obese patients vs. controls 321.30 ± 18.85 ng/mL vs. 158.60 ± 59.09 ng/mL in controls, p-value < 0.0001. We recorded positive weak correlations between FORT – CRP (r = 0.03) and FORT – ferritin (r = 0.03), very weak correlations between FORT – fibrinogen (r = 0.06). The correlation between FORD – fibrinogen was very weak and negative (r = -0.06).

Conclusions:
Oxidative stress and inflammation markers (fibrinogen, CRP, serum ferritin) were increased and antioxidant levels were decreased in obese subjects versus controls. Further studies are needed to investigate the crosstalk between obesity, oxidative stress and inflammation and to clarify to which extent these findings can be translated into the prevention and management of obesity.
EARLY AND MENOPAUSAL WEIGHT GAIN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION
Authors: Csaba Móczár , Imre Rurik 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To compare data of lifelong weight gain of persons, analyzing its correlation with developed metabolic diseases, with special attention to women's weight gain around pregnancy, delivery and menopause.

Design and method:
A retrospective international study was planned and organized to compare selfrecorded data of lifelong weight gain among 60–70 year old patients analyse their correlation with metabolic diseases they developed with special attention to women's weight gain around pregnancy, delivery and menopause in primary care settings in Germany, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia and the Ukraine.
People between 60y-70y were asked to fill in a questionnaire on body weights in previous life decades and heights. Recent parameters were measured.

Results:
Of the recruited 815 participants, 319 men and 496 women presented all the required data. Diabetics of both genders had the highest baseline weight at 20 years of age. The weight and BMI of the whole study population increased steadily until their seventies, but to a lesser extent after their fifties. Compared to the control group, changes over decades were the greatest among diabetics and also greater among patients with hypertension. Weight increase in the first decades (20–30-year-old men and 30–40-yearold women) was a significant risk factor for the development of diabetes (OR = 1.044; p = 0.002; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.07). Among patients with diabetes and hypertension, both diagnoses were set up earlier than among those with a single morbidity. Among females, weight increase around pregnancy and menopause correlated significantly with higher odds for the diagnoses of diabetes and/or hypertension, irrespective of the number of children.

Conclusions:
During their decade-long relationship with their patients, family physicians are expected to identify the higher weight gain of their patients, especially among younger generation and intervene, if necessary.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EPICARDIAL ADIPOSE TISSUE THICKNESS AND PARAMETERS OF THE LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL OBESITY
Authors: Azimova Marina , Blinova Nataliya , Zhernakova Yulia , Azimova Makka , Dobrovolskaya Svetlana , Saidova Marina , Ternovoy Sergey , Chazova Irina 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The aim of study to assess the correlation between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) with the parameters of the left ventricular remodeling and diastolic function in patients with abdominal obesity.

Design and method:
The study included 104 patients (37,5% men, 62.5% women), mean age 38.59 ± 6.09 years with abdominal obesity (waist circumference (WT) > 80 cm in women, > 94 cm in men), without cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiographic examination (Vivid 7, Vivid 9 (GE Healthcare, USA)): left ventricular (LV) mass, LV mass index, LV mass/height index, LV diastolic function (assessed by the E/e’ ratio, Emlat, Emsept, Em/Am ratio) were estimated; EAT thickness measured on the free wall of the right ventricle from both parasternal long- and short-axis views at end-systole and end-diastole during three cardiac cycles.

Results:
The average of EAT thickness was at end-systole 6,7 ± 2,0 mm, end-diastole- 4,2 ± 1,7 mm. EAT correlated with WT (EAT at end-systole r = 0,43; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = 0,43; p < 0,05). EAT thickness was significantly correlated with LV diastolic function: positive correlation with E/Em ratio (EAT at end-systole r = 0,62; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = 0,56; p < 0,05); negative correlation was found with Em/Am ratio (EAT at end-systole r = -0,66; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = -0,59; p < 0,05); Emlat (EAT at end-systole r = -0,62; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = -0,51; p < 0,05); Emsept (EAT at end-systole r = -0,65; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = -0,60; p < 0,05). EAT thickness correlated with with LV mass (EAT at end-systole r = 0,52; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = 0,51; p < 0,05); LV mass index (EAT at end-systole r = 0,31; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = 0,32; p < 0,05); (EAT at end-systole r = 0,52; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = 0,51; p < 0,05); LV mass/height index (EAT at end-systole r = 0,44; p < 0,05; EAT at end-diastole r = 0,43; p < 0,05).

Conclusions:
The data suggest that EAT as ectopic visceral fat depot may affect on diastolic function and LV remodeling. Increased EAT thickness is strongly associated with LV diastolic disfunction.
BRACHIAL-ANKLE PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY IN A HEALTHY CHINESE POPULATION
Authors: Zuo Junli , Tang Biwen , O’rourke Michael , Avolio Alberto , Adji Audrey 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Obesity is generally considered undesirable on account of its association with metabolic syndrome and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, obese subjects paradoxically appear to have better outcome following certain interventions (eg vascular interventions in heart failure) compared to non-obese subjects, suggesting a vascular protective effect of obesity (obesity paradox). This study aimed to quantify the association between indices of obesity and arterial stiffness as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in a healthy Chinese population.

Design and method:
Normal individuals (n = 858) attending a health assessment clinic for cardiovascular disease screening at Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China, between April 2017 and June 2018, had measurements of baPWV (Omron, BP-203RPEIII VP-1000) and brachial systolic (SP), diastolic (DP), mean (MP) and pulse pressure (PP). Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2): BMI less than 24, normal; 24–28, overweight; greater than 28, obese (using Chinese guidelines).

Results:
All brachial pressures were significantly higher as BMI increased. baPWV increased significantly when the normal group was compared with overweight or obese groups (p < 0.001). However, no differences were apparent between the overweight and obese group, with baPWV being lower in the obese group with higher BMI. Using baPWV as the independent continuous variable in multiple linear regression, age, MP and heart rate were all positively associated with baPWV, whereas BMI was negatively associated with baPWV after adjusting for confounding factors (β=-0.104, p < 0.001). A negative linear relationship between BMI class and baPWV was only apparent for males less than50 years (p = 0.01) and females of age above 50 years (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
baPWV, as a measure of arterial stiffness, is higher for similar SP values in the normal individuals when compared to those in overweight and obese groups, consistent with the “obesity pardox”. The disparate effects of BMI on baPWV are likely due to sex differences that affect arterial stiffness in older overweight and obese individuals.
ASSOCIATION OF TRIGLYCERIDE-GLUCOSE INDEX AND SUBCLINICAL LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN YOUNG HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS
Authors: Ezhova Nadezhda , Shavarova Elena , Khomova Irina , Bazdyreva Elena , Shkol’nikova Ekaterina , Kobalava Zhanna 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a marker of insulin resistance (IR) which has previously appeared to be a promising predictor of hypertension (HTN), coronary artery calcification and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the interrelation between TyG index and subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction has never been studied.

Design and method:
We evaluated anthropometric and metabolic characteristics, clinical blood pressure and performed 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography including two-dimensional speckle tracking in 94 young treatment-naive hypertensives (age 23 [21;25] years, 85,1% males, body mass index (BMI) 25,88 ± 4,78 kg/m2) free of diabetes mellitus. Most patients (67%) had masked HTN and diagnosis was stated with ABPM. IR was estimated with HOMA-IR and TyG index which was calculated as ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. All patients were divided in two subgroups according to LV GLS median, e.g. with GLS of -20,05 or less and > -20,05. Then we compared main clinical variables including obesity and metabolic characteristics and blood pressure levels in derived subgroups. We used Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test to compare variables with normal and non-normal distribution, respectively. To investigate the relationship between IR indices and GLS we performed simple and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results:
The subgroups were comparable in age, sex and race composition; there was also no significant difference in BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), WC to height ratio. Insulin and HOMA-IR values were identical. The groups were significantly different in triglycerides levels (0,86 ± 0,31 vs 1,32 ± 0,79 mmol/L for GLS < -20,05 and > -20,05, respectively, p < 0,001) and TyG index (8,05 ± 0,39 vs 8,44 ± 0,55, respectively, p < 0,05). 24-hours SBP and DBP were higher in group with worse GLS: 131,2 ± 11,4 vs 139,3 ± 16,7 mm Hg and 77 [73;85,5] mm Hg, respectively, with p < 0,05 for both. In simple linear regression TyG index was a significant predictor of GLS value with beta = 0,407 (p < 0,001). After addition of age, sex, WHR and office DBP into the model TyG index remained independently associated with GLS with beta = 0,253 (p < 0,05).

Conclusions:
In young hypertensives TyG index is an independent predictor of GLS impairment.
EFFECTS OF 12-WEEK YOGA-BASED LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION ON METABOLIC SYNDROME Z-SCORE, BODY COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN INDIAN ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , Yadav Raj Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The study evaluated the effect 12-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention (YBLI) on continuous metabolic syndrome (Met S) z-score, body fat percentage and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults having Met S.

Design and method:
In this prospective, single-arm, lifestyle intervention study 54 adults with metabolic syndrome (as per Joint Interim Statement, 2009) were assigned to pretested 12-week YBLI intervention. It consisted of asanas, pranayama, relaxation techniques, lectures, group support, dietary advice under supervision for ∼2 hrs/day for 2 week followed by continuation of the practices at home for subsequent 10 weeks. Outcome measures were assessed before and after the intervention and included: Met S z-score calculated by summing the standardized values for cardio-metabolic risk factors, body fat percentage assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and HRQOL assessed using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.

Results:
Subjects showed (mean age 38.1 ± 5.6 years) significant reduction in Met S z-score {0.3 ± 2.4 vs. -1.3 ± 2.4, p < 0.01) and body fat percentage (32.3 ± 54.3 vs. 31.5 ± 5.5, p < 0.01) from baseline to week 12. Significant improvement was found in the domains of the HRQOL i.e. physical (64.4 ± 14.7 vs. 77.3 ± 12.7, p < 0.01); psychological (61.0 ± 16.8 vs. 74.6 ± 12.6 p < 0.01); social (75.9 ± 14.5 vs. 79.6 ± 12.3, p < 0.01) and environmental (66.4 ± 14.3 vs. 75.8 ± 11.6, p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Participation in YBLI led to the improvement in cardio-metabolic risk, body fat percentage and HRQOL in Indian adults having Met S.
EFFECT OF A 12-WEEK YOGA-BASED LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION ON VASCULAR INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN PRE-DIABETIC OVERWEIGHT/OBESE INDIAN ADULTS
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , Yadav Raj Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To study the effect of a 12-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention (YBLI) on circulating levels of inflammatory markers in prediabetic overweight/obese Indian adults.

Design and method:
Prospective, single-arm, lifestyle intervention study was conducted in 59 prediabetic (n = 59) (fasting plasma glucose, FPG 100 to 125 mg/dL), overweight/ obese (body mass index; BMI 23–40 Kg/m2) subjects. The subjects were assigned with pretested YBLI consisting of asanas, pranayama, meditation, and relaxation techniques with group support, dietary advice under supervision for approx. 2 hrs each day for 2 weeks followed by continuation of the practices at home for next 10 weeks. Outcome measures were weight, waist to hip ratio (WHR), FPG, serum insulin, blood pressure (BP), homeostatic model insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leptin, adiponectin measured before and after the intervention.

Results:
Results: After intervention, subjects (mean age = 38.5 ± 5.5 years, BMI = 30.4 ± 4.1 Kg/m2) had significant reduction in weight, WHR, diastolic BP, and HOMA-IR. There was statistically significant reduction in IL-6 {median (range) 1.1 (0.5, 2.4) vs. 0.8 (0.4,1.5) pg/mL, p = 0.02} and leptin {22.9 (13.9, 45.0) vs. 21.6 (12.0, 42.6) ng/mL, p < 0.01)}; and significant increase in adiponectin {6.0 (4.4, 7.6) vs. 6.5 (4.7, 9.2) ng/mL, p < 0.02); while no significant difference was noticed in TNF-alpha levels.

Conclusions:
Conclusion: A 12-week YBLI might effectively modify levels of IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin as observed in this study and overall reduction in inflammation in obesity.