bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochronology and tectonic significance of A‐type granite from Misho, NW Iran: Implications for the detachment of Cimmeria from Gondwana and the opening of Neo‐Tethys
Authors: Jamei Susan , Ghorbani Mansour , Jafari Amin , Williams Ian S. , Moayyed Mohsen 
Published: August 2021

The Cimmerian Terrane, part of which forms the Central Iranian Plateau, is one of several continental fragments produced during the early‐ to mid‐Palaeozoic breakup of the northern margin of Gondwana. Magmatic evidence for the final separation of the Terrane from Gondwana and formation of the intervening Neo‐Tethys Ocean is preserved in the Misho Mountains SW of Marand, NW Iran. A small (30 km2) body of subalkaline granite intruding Precambrian sedimentary rocks of the Kahar Formation has numerous chemical features that identify it as an A‐type granite, including high Ga/Al, K2O + Na2O, FeOt/(FeOt + MgO) and incompatible elements (LILE and HFSE), and low CaO and P2O5. Such features are consistent with the asthenospheric upwelling above a rising mantle plume. Zircon ages of 350.8 ± 3.0, 345.4 ± 3.2, and 343.6 ± 4.0 Ma measured on three samples of the Misho A‐type granite along with the same granites exposed in the western domain (Herris area, 306 Ma) reveal that the crystallization process occurred sequentially in different stages. The obtained ages record detachment of the Cimmerian Terrane from Gondwana and the initiation of Neo‐Tethys at least in the Early Carboniferous, significantly earlier than previous researchers have proposed.
The barriers and enablers to implementing the New South Wales Healthy School Canteen Strategy in secondary schools in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions – A qualitative study
Authors: Johnston Rosi , Norman Jennifer , Furber Susan , Parkinson Julie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIssue addressedIn 2017, the New South Wales Healthy School Canteen Strategy (Strategy) was introduced into primary and secondary schools. Studies have reported that secondary schools have a lower level of compliance with healthy canteen policies compared with primary schools. This study aims to identify and describe the barriers and enablers to implementing the Strategy in Department of Education (DoE) secondary schools in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions.MethodsThe framework underpinning the study was the systems theory. Canteen managers (CM) and principals from the 21 DoE secondary schools in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were structured around the five focus areas of the Strategy, including questions on school nutrition policies and the role of the canteen. Data were collated using the interview guides as a framework and qualitative content analysis, using manual coding, was undertaken.ResultsEight (38%) schools participated with seven CMs and six principals interviewed. Barriers to implementing the Strategy included the changing role of the canteen, the increased demands placed on CMs and inconsistencies between the school food environment and the Strategy. Enablers included monitoring implementation, and internal and external support. This study also recognised that previously identified barriers to healthy canteen strategy implementation are ongoing.ConclusionsThe school canteen is an integral part of the school environment and therefore needs whole‐of‐school support if successful implementation of the Strategy is to occur.So whatAddressing the barriers and promoting the enablers identified in this study will support better nutrition policy implementation in secondary schools.
Early‐term deliveries and long‐term pediatric ophthalmic morbidity of the offspring#
Authors: Ben‐Shmuel Atar , Sheiner Eyal , Tsumi Erez , Wainstock Tamar , Feinblum Dvora , Walfisch Asnat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether early‐term delivery impacts on the long‐term ophthalmic health of offspring.MethodsA retrospective population‐based cohort study was conducted, including all singleton deliveries (1991–2014) occurring at a tertiary medical center. Gestational age was divided into: early prematurity, late prematurity, and early, full, late, and post term. Hospitalizations of offspring up to 18 years of age involving ophthalmic morbidity were evaluated. Survival curves compared cumulative hospitalizations and regression models controlled for confounders.ResultsDuring the study period, 243 363 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Ophthalmic‐related hospitalization rates were lower among early‐term born children (1.0%) as compared with early‐ (2.2%) and late‐preterm (1.3%) born children, but higher than those in full‐ (0.9%), late‐ (0.8%), and post‐term (0.8%) born offspring (P < 0.001). The survival curve demonstrated significantly different hospitalization rates in the different gestational ages (P < 0.001). The regression demonstrated an independent risk for ophthalmic morbidity among early‐term born offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 1.14, confidence interval 1.03–1.27, P = 0.009), whereas late‐ and post‐term deliveries were associated with a lower risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.83 and 0.74, respectively) as compared with full‐term deliveries.ConclusionThe risk for long‐term ophthalmic‐related hospitalizations of offspring gradually declines as gestational age advances.
Prenatal detection of placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum: Evaluation of the routine mid‐pregnancy obstetric ultrasound screening between 2013 and 2017
Authors: Svanvik Teresia , Jacobsson Anna‐Karin , Carlsson Ylva 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the detection rate of placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) by routine mid‐pregnancy obstetric ultrasound and to estimate risk factors and prevalence within this cohort.MethodsThis was an observational cohort study with prospectively collected data. Women attending routine mid‐pregnancy obstetric ultrasound at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital with a suspected cup‐shaped placenta (cohort 1, n = 339) and women diagnosed with placenta previa or PAS (cohort 2, n = 227) were analyzed according to detection rate, risk factors, and prevalence.ResultsThe detection rates of placenta previa and PAS were 49% (98) and 25% (14), respectively. However, 216 (99%) women with placenta previa were diagnosed prenatally, as were 14 (50%) women with PAS. In vitro fertilization was identified as the strongest independent risk factor for placenta previa (odds ratio 6.96; 95% confidence interval 4.77–10.16, P < 0.001). Risk factors were present for all women with PAS. The prevalence of placenta previa was 44/10 000 deliveries, and for PAS, 5.6/10 000 deliveries.ConclusionThe existing routine mid‐pregnancy obstetric ultrasound screening showed low detection rate for placenta previa and PAS. Adding risk factors could improve the detection rate.
Sulfur‐containing compounds as electrolyte additives for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Tong Bo , Song Ziyu , Wan Huihai , Feng Wenfang , Armand Michel , Liu Jincheng , Zhang Heng , Zhou Zhibin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOriginating from “rocking‐chair concept”, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become one of the most important electrochemical energy storage technologies, which have largely impacted our daily life. The utilization of electrolyte additives in small quantities (≤5% by wt or vol) has been long viewed as an economical and efficient approach to regulate the properties of electrolyte and electrode–electrolyte interphases and consequently improve the cycling performance of LIBs. Among all the kinds of electrolyte additives, sulfur‐containing compounds have gained significant attention due to their unique features in building stable electrode–electrolyte interphases and protect battery cells from overcharging. In this work, advances and progresses of sulfur‐containing additives used in LIBs are overviewed, with special attention paid to the working mechanisms of these electrolyte additives. Particularly, four representative sulfur‐containing compounds (i.e., 1,3‐propane sultone, prop‐1‐ene‐1,3‐sultone, 1,3,2‐dioxathiolane‐2,2‐dioxide, and ethylene sulfite) are comparatively discussed concerning their impact on electrode–electrolyte interphases and cell performances. Future work on the development of sulfur‐containing compounds as functional electrolyte additives is also provided. The present review is anticipated to be not only a base document to access the status quo in this research domain but also a guideline to select specialized additives and electrolytes for practical applications.image
Improving cerebral microvascular image quality of optical coherence tomography angiography with deep learning‐based segmentation
Authors: Fan Fan , Zhang Jisheng , Zhu Lianqing , Ma Zongqing , Zhu Jiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can map the microvascular networks of the cerebral cortices with micrometer resolution and millimeter penetration. However, the high scattering of the skull and the strong noise in the deep imaging region will distort the vasculature projections and decrease the OCTA image quality. Here, we proposed a deep learning‐based segmentation method based on a U‐Net convolutional neural network to extract the cortical region from the OCT image. The vascular networks were then visualized by three OCTA algorithms. The image quality of the vasculature projections was assessed by two metrics, including the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR). The results show the accuracy of the cortical segmentation was 96.07%. The PSNR and CNR values increased significantly in the projections of the selected cortical regions. The OCTA incorporating the deep learning‐based cortical segmentation can efficiently improve the image quality and enhance the vasculature clarity.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Assess the Impact of CYP2D6‐Mediated Drug‐Drug Interactions on Tramadol and O‐Desmethyltramadol Exposures via Allosteric and Competitive Inhibition
Authors: Long Tao , Cristofoletti Rodrigo , Cicali Brian , Michaud Veronique , Dow Pamela , Turgeon Jacques , Schmidt Stephan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTramadol is an opioid medication used to treat moderately severe pain. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 inhibition could be important for tramadol, as it decreases the formation of its pharmacologically active metabolite, O‐desmethyltramadol, potentially resulting in increased opioid use and misuse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of allosteric and competitive CYP2D6 inhibition on tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol pharmacokinetics using quinidine and metoprolol as prototypical perpetrator drugs. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol was developed and verified in PK‐Sim version 8 and linked to respective models of quinidine and metoprolol to evaluate the impact of allosteric and competitive CYP2D6 inhibition on tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol exposure. Our results show that there is a differentiated impact of CYP2D6 inhibitors on tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol based on their mechanisms of inhibition. Following allosteric inhibition by a single dose of quinidine, the exposure of both tramadol (51% increase) and O‐desmethyltramadol (52% decrease) was predicted to be significantly altered after concomitant administration of a single dose of tramadol. Following multiple‐dose administration of tramadol and a single‐dose or multiple‐dose administration of quinidine, the inhibitory effect of quinidine was predicted to be long (≈42 hours) and to alter exposure of tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol by up to 60%, suggesting that coadministration of quinidine and tramadol should be avoided clinically. In comparison, there is no predicted significant impact of metoprolol on tramadol and O‐desmethyltramadol exposure. In fact, tramadol is predicted to act as a CYP2D6 perpetrator and increase metoprolol exposure, which may necessitate the need for dose separation.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Guselkumab for Treatment of Palmoplantar Pustulosis: Clinical Implications of Guselkumab Dose, Disease Severity, and Smoking in Japanese Patients
Authors: Iwaki Yuki , Shibata Sayori , Hu Chuanpu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGuselkumab is a human IgG1λ monoclonal antibody that has been approved for treatment of multiple immunologic diseases including palmoplantar pustulosis in Japan. The efficacy of guselkumab in reducing disease severity as compared with placebo has been demonstrated in phase 2 and 3 clinical studies. In some patients assigned to the placebo treatment, worsening of Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI) score was noted. Most of these patients were smokers, raising a possibility of an association of smoking with the disease progression. To understand the clinical implications of guselkumab dose, baseline disease severity, and smoking on the treatment effect and describe the longitudinal relationship between guselkumab exposure and the PPPASI score, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling analysis was conducted using the pooled data from 1 phase 2 and 1 phase 3 study. Data from 207 Japanese patients (77% women and 60% smokers) with a median PPPASI score of 24.6 were included in the analysis. The observed treatment efficacy (the PPPASI score reduction) appeared to be similar at the current approved dose (100 mg) and the higher dose (200 mg). A greater PPPASI score reduction (in absolute points) is expected in patients with higher baseline PPPASI score (severe disease). However, the higher baseline did not translate to larger magnitude of the change from baseline (in percentage) in the PPPASI score. Incorporating a linear disease progression effect in the model significantly decreased the Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling objective function value (P < .001). Smoking status appeared to be related to disease worsening in some patients, but the covariate did not reach statistical significance in the model.
Extracellular vesicles from in vivo liver tissue accelerate recovery of liver necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Kim Sae Rom , Lee Changjin , Jun Ye In , Bae Seoyoon , Yoon Yae Jin , Kim Oh Youn , Gho Yong Song 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized vesicles composed of proteolipid bilayers carrying various molecular signatures of the cells. As mediators of intercellular communications, EVs have gained great attention as new therapeutic agents in the field of nanomedicine. Therefore, many studies have explored the roles of cell‐derived EVs isolated from cultured hepatocytes or stem cells as inducer of liver proliferation and regeneration under various pathological circumstances. However, study investigating the role of EVs directly isolated from liver tissue has not been performed. Herein, to understand the pathophysiological role and to investigate the therapeutic potential of in vivo liver EVs, we isolated EVs from both normal and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced damaged in vivo liver tissues. The in vivo EVs purified from liver tissues display typical features of EVs including spherical morphology, nano‐size, and enrichment of tetraspanins. Interestingly, administration of both normal and damaged liver EVs significantly accelerated the recovery of liver tissue from CCl4‐induced hepatic necrosis. This restorative action was through the induction of hepatocyte growth factor at the site of the injury. These results suggest that not only normal liver EVs but also damaged liver EVs play important pathophysiological roles of maintaining homeostasis after tissue damage. Our study, therefore, provides new insight into potentially developing in vivo EV‐based therapeutics for preventing and treating liver diseases.
Leader interpersonal emotion regulation motives, group leader–member exchange, and leader effectiveness in work groups
Authors: Vasquez Cristian A. , Madrid Hector P. , Niven Karen 
Published: August 2021

SummaryRecent research has shown that leader interpersonal emotion regulation is a relevant process for fostering desirable work outcomes. Expanding knowledge on this stream of research, here we argue that to have a complete view of the influence of leader interpersonal emotion regulation, the motives underlying the regulation behavior, namely, egocentric or prosocial, should also be taken into account. We draw on the informational function of interpersonal emotion regulation motives and use a multisource survey study with 99 group leaders and their 1482 group members to examine the effects of leader interpersonal emotion regulation motives. We found evidence that leader egocentric interpersonal emotion regulation motives were negatively related to group members' perceptions of the relationship quality with their leaders, expressed in the group's mean leader–member exchange (LMX), and, thereby, related to lower leader appraisals of their own effectiveness. However, these negative effects were mitigated when leaders were at the same time prosocially motivated to regulate the emotions of the members of their groups. Therefore, this study contributes to expanding theory on interpersonal emotion regulation and its application to leadership, which is informative for theory and interventions about leaders' affective influence in organizations.
Possible impacts of anomalous Arctic sea ice melting on summer atmosphere
Authors: Wu Bingyi , Li Zhenkun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArctic sea ice melting and its possible impacts on climate variability and extreme weather events in the mid‐latitudes have been of wide concern over the past two decades. Compared with the impacts of sea ice melting on winter, its impacts on summer atmospheric circulation variability and extreme weather events have received less attention, and it is not clear whether the rapid sea ice melting can affect summer temperature and precipitation in the mid‐latitudes. Through observational analyses and simulation experiments forced by observed Arctic sea ice concentration, this study investigates possible impacts of anomalous summer sea ice melting on air temperature, frequency of heatwaves, precipitation, and East Asian summer monsoon variability. It is found that the enhanced summer sea ice melting has occurred since 2007 and dynamically corresponded to the positive phase of the summer Arctic dipole anomaly. Simulation experiments showed that the ensemble means of anomalous summer sea ice melting cases significantly increase surface air temperatures (SATs) and frequencies of heatwaves in the mid‐ and high‐latitudes of both Asia and North America, and decreases SATs in Europe and parts of the Asian continent. Anomalous summer sea ice melting increases summer precipitation in the circumpolar region, mid‐latitudes of East Asia, and the Northwestern Pacific and significantly decreases precipitation in mid‐ and low‐latitudes of North America. In addition, anomalous sea ice melting in simulations deepens the thermal depression in East Asia and strengthens East Asian summer monsoon and its variability. These model results suggest that anomalous sea ice melting may exacerbate impacts of global warming on summer atmosphere over Asia and North America though its impact may not be dominant due to atmospheric internal variability and impacts of other factors.
Changes in the spatial–temporal characteristics of daily snowfall events over the Eurasian continent from 1980 to 2019
Authors: Lin Wenqing , Chen Huopo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe observed spatial–temporal variations in daily snowfall over the Eurasian continent from 1980 to 2019 are explored in this study. The results show that the snowfall amount and its number of days are mainly centred in the high latitudes and high terrain regions of the Eurasian continent (such as North Asia), while they are relatively small in Southern Europe, Central Asia and East Asia. During the past decades, a decreasing trend can be observed for snowfall amounts and the numbers of days over most regions of Eurasia, while increases are clear in terms of the mean intensity. In response to climate warming in recent decades, the first date of snowfall occurrence postponed and the ending date advanced across the Eurasian continent. Furthermore, the change characteristics of the different grades of snowfall are also investigated across this region, including light snowfall, moderate snowfall, heavy snowfall and snowstorm. The light snowfall and number of days show a decreasing tendency, which mainly results in a decrease in the total snowfall amount and number of days. However, the amounts of heavy snowfall and snowstorms and their numbers of days are significantly increased, implying that the Eurasian continent has experienced increased severe snowfall events during recent decades.
An application of multiple‐point statistics downscaling approach over North‐West Himalayas in avalanche‐prone areas
Authors: Singhal Akshay , Jha Sanjeev K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWeather data at fine spatial resolution in the Himalayan region are important for assessing various hydrological events such as avalanches. In recent years, national agencies have been exploring the use of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in this region. Setting up a WRF model with fine spatial grids in the Himalayan region is challenging due to large topographical variations and associated computational cost. In this study, we use High Asia Refined analysis (HAR) dataset to set up a Multiple‐Point Statistics (MPS) based downscaling approach using the hindcast data of years 2001–2012 at both coarse and fine spatial grids. A total of 11 covariates are used in the study belonging to various environmental factors such as weather, location, topography and vegetation. We generate multiple realizations of precipitation and temperature for the year 2013. The efficacy of the MPS model is tested in a gridbox consisting of 61 × 61 grids, in 10 districts and at sites prone to avalanches and extreme precipitation events. Results show that the downscaled precipitation and temperature have reasonable accuracy. Mean monthly root mean square error and mean absolute error values for precipitation range between 2.87–8.0 mm and 1.45–3.27 mm, respectively. For temperature, both the error statistics range between 0.65–1.13 K and 0.51–0.83 K, respectively. Overall, the study shows that MPS is an effective tool for generating reliable fine‐resolution weather information over multiple geographical locations, overcoming the diverse challenges of the Northwest Himalayas. Furthermore, it is capable of providing consistent fine‐resolution weather data at point locations. Such data may be highly sensitive for hydrological studies, such as avalanche forecasting in the Himalayas.