bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy Formulation of Farmers Capacity Building through Technological Innovation in Disadvantaged Regions of Indonesia
Authors: Swastika Dewa Ketut Sadra , Indraningsih Kurnia Suci 
Published: October 2021

<strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Permasalahan utama daerah tertinggal adalah kemiskinan. Oleh karena sebagian besar masyarakatnya menggantungkan hidup pada pertanian, maka strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat daerah tertinggal ialah memacu peningkatan produktivitas pertanian melalui inovasi teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi peningkatan kapasitas petani melalui inovasi teknologi untuk mengakselerasi pembangunan pertanian di daerah tertinggal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode analisis SWOT berdasarkan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui survei di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Bengkulu, dan Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi melaksanakan gerakan inovasi teknologi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) secara berkelanjutan merupakan prioritas pertama di tiga provinsi contoh. Prioritas berikutnya adalah meningkatkan fasilitas penyuluh disertai sanksi pelanggaran disiplin, menyediakan bimbingan teknis melalui sekolah lapang PTT, melaksanakan program percontohan usaha tani (<em>demfarm</em>) di tiap desa, menyediakan skim kredit lunak, menegakkan kebijakan Harga Pembelian Pemerintah (HPP), dan meningkatkan partisipasi petani dalam pembangunan pertanian. Implikasinya bahwa harus ada upaya khusus untuk mempertahankan penerapan teknologi PTT yang didukung oleh kredit lunak dengan prosedur sederhana, penerapan HPP secara konsisten, dan bimbingan teknis melalui program <em>demfarm</em>. <br /><br /><br /><strong>English</strong><br />The main problem of disadvantaged areas is poverty. Since most are dependent on agriculture, then the most appropriate strategy for increasing the population welfare in disadvantaged areas is by increasing agriculture productivity through technological innovation. This study aimed to formulate strategies to improve farmers’ capacity through technological innovation to accelerate agricultural development. The analysis was conducted using the SWOT method based on primary data collected through surveys in West Java, Bengkulu, and South Kalimantan provinces in 2015. The results showed that strategy to pursue sustainable movement of the Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology was the first priority in these three provinces. Other priorities were to improve extension workers’ facilities, provide technical guidance through ICM field school, conduct farm demonstration (demfarm) program in each village, provide soft loan schemes, enforce the Government Purchasing Price (GPP) policy, and increase farmer participation in agricultural development. Consequently, there should be a special effort to maintain ICM technology application, supported by a simple procedure of formal loan, consistent implementation of GPP, and technical guidance through the demfarm program.
LncRNA LINC00665 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis via Targeting MiR-181a-5p/FHDC
Authors: Wang Suli , Wang Yingchun , Lu Jin , Wang Jinhua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: Previous reports indicate that long intergenic non-coding RNA LINC00665 naturally occurred vital effect in various cancers. Herein, the role of LINC00665 in ovarian cancer progress was explored.Methods: We found that LINC00665 was upregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines. Besides that, A series of assays including flow cytometry, wound-healing, Transwell, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and EdU assay confirmed that the knockdown of LINC00665 could reduce the viability, proliferation and migration of SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that many lncRNAs can function as endogenous miRNA sponges by competitively binding common miRNAs. In this study, the bioinformatics analysis suggested that LNC00665 specifically binds to miR-181a-5p.Results: LINC00665 downregulated the miR-181a-5p in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. The knockdown of miR-181a-5p evidently reverses the inhibitory effect of sh-LINC00662. Besides, FH2 Domain Containing 1 (FHDC1) has been proved to deed as an effective target of miR-181a-5p.Conclusion: Our results reveal the knockdown of LINC00665 facilitates ovarian cancer via development by sponging miR-181a-5p and upregulating FHDC1 expression; these may contribute to ovarian cancer therapy.
Cefazolin and Imipenem Enhance AmpC Expression and Resistance in NagZ-Dependent Manner in Enterobacter Cloacae
Authors: Yang Xianggui , Wang Zhenguo , Yu Xuejing , Zhong Yuanxiu , Wang Fuying , Xu Ying 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Enterobacter cloacae (EC) is a commonly occurring opportunistic pathogen and is responsible for causing various infections in humans. Owing to its inducible chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC), EC is inherently resistant to the 1st- and 2nd- generation cephalosporins. However, whether β-lactams antibiotics enhance EC resistance remains unclear.Results: In this study, we found that subinhibitory concentrations (SICs) of cefazolin (CFZ) and imipenem (IMP) are able to advance the expression of AmpC and improve its resistance towards β - lactams through NagZ in EC clinical isolate. Our work indicate that AmpC manifested a substantial upregulation in EC in response to SICs of CFZ and IMP. In nagZ knockout EC (ΔnagZ), we found that the resistance to β - lactam antibiotics was rather weakened and the effect of CFZ and IMP on induction of AmpC was completely abrogated. Ectopic expression of NagZ can rescue the induction effect of CFZ and IMP on AmpC and enhance resistance in ΔnagZ. More importantly, CFZ and IMP have the potential to bring about the target genes expressions of AmpR in a NagZ-dependent manner.Conclusions: Our findings show that NagZ is a critical determinant for CFZ and IMP to promote AmpC expression and improve resistance and that CFZ and IMP should be used with caution since they may aggravate EC resistance. At the same time, this study further improves our understanding of resistance mechanisms in EC.
Heritability And Genetic Correlations For Hormone-Sensitive Cancers In The UK Biobank: A Molecular Evidence of Shared Aetiology
Authors: Ahmed Muktar , Mäkinen Ville-Petteri , Mulugeta Anwar , Shin Jisu , Boyle Terry , Hypponen Elina , Lee Sang Hong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hormone-related cancers, including cancers of the breast, prostate, ovaries, uterine, and thyroid, globally contribute to the majority of cancer incidence. We hypothesize that hormone-sensitive cancers share common genetic risk factors that have rarely been investigated by previous genomic studies of site-specific cancers. To test this hypothesis, we analysed five hormone-sensitive cancers in the UK Biobank as a single disease. We observed that a significant proportion of variance in disease liability was explained by the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., SNP-based heritability on the liability scale was estimated as 10.06% (SE 0.70%) for the disease. Moreover, we found 55 genome-wide significant SNPs for the disease, using a genome-wide association study. Our finding suggests that heritable genetic factors may be a key driver in the mechanism of carcinogenesis shared by hormone-sensitive cancers.
High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among HIV-Positive Individuals in Yunnan, China
Authors: Tu Wei , Li Yu-Ye , Kuang Yi-Qun , Xie Rong-Hui , Dong Xing-Qi , Zhang Dan , Ma Yan-Ling , Zhang Wan-Yue , Lu Lin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Yunnan has the highest rates of HIV in the country. Other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with accelerated HIV transmission and poor ART outcomes, but are only diagnosed by syndromic algorithms.
Methods
We recruited 406 HIV-positive participants for a cross-sectional study (204 ART-naive and 202 ART). Blood samples and first-voided urine samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Syphilis and HSV-2 tests were also performed.
Results
Among 406 participants, the overall prevalence of STI was 47.0% and 45.1% in ART-naive individuals and 49.0% in ART individuals, respectively. Testing frequency was 11.6% (11.8% vs 11.4%), 33.2% (29.4% vs 37.1%), 3.2% (3.4% vs 3.0%), 2.0% (3.4% vs 0.5%) and 4.7% (6.4% vs 3.0%) for active syphilis, HSV-2, chlamydia, gonorrhoeae and genitalium. Percentage of multiple infections in both groups was 10.8% (22/204) in ART-naive participants and 9.9% (20/202) in ART participants. Females, age between 18 to 35 years, ever injected drugs, homosexual or bisexual, HIV/HBV coinfection, and not receiving ART were identified as risk factors. Self-reported asymptom was not eliminating of having a laboratory-diagnosed STI.
Conclusions
STI prevalence was 47.0% (45.1% vs 49.0%), HSV-2, syphilis and MG were the most common STIs in HIV-infected individuals. We found high prevalence (6.4%) of Mycoplasma genitalium in ART-naive individuals. ART can reduce the diversity of STI-HIV coinfection but not the prevalence. HIV-positive individuals tend to neglect or maybe hide their genital tract discomfort, thus we suggest strengthening STI joint screening and treatment services among HIV-infected individuals whether they describe genital tract discomfort or not.
Cattle Maternal Diversity Inferred From 1,883 Taurine And Indicine Mitogenomes
Authors: Dorji Jigme , Jagt Christy Vander , Chamberlain Amanda , Cocks Benjamin , MacLeod Iona , Daetwyler Hans 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Maternal diversity based on a sub-region of mitochondrial genome or variants were commonly used to understand past demographic events in livestock. Additionally, there is growing evidence of direct association of mitochondrial genetic variants with a range of phenotypes. Therefore, this study used bovine complete mitogenomes from a large sequence database to explore the full spectrum of maternal diversity. Mitogenome diversity was evaluated among 1883 animals representing 156 globally important cattle breeds. Overall, the mitogenomes were diverse: presenting 11 major haplogroups, expanding to 1309 unique haplotypes, with nucleotide diversity 0.011 and haplotype diversity 0.99. A small proportion of African taurine (3.5%) and indicine (1.3%) haplogroups were found among the European taurine breeds and composites. The haplogrouping was largely consistent with the population structure derived from alternate clustering methods (e.g. PCA and hierarchical clustering). Further, we present evidence confirming a new indicine subgroup (I1a, 64 animals) mainly consisting of breeds originating from China and characterised by two private mutations within the I1 haplogroup. The total genetic variation was attributed mainly to within-breed variance (96.9%). The accuracy of the imputation of missing genotypes was high (99.8%) except for the relatively rare heteroplasmic genotypes, suggesting the potential for trait association studies within a breed.
Multidimensional Study On The Corrosion Inhibition of Polypyrrole-Chitosan (PPy-CTS) Composites For Carbon Steel In Acid Medium
Authors: Chen Baiyi , Xu Guohe , Wang Luyao , Zhang Chen , Li Congcong , Ju Guannan , Feng Huixia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The acidic corrosion of carbon steel is a great concern, which has caused serious economic losses on a global scale. Therefore, the exploitation of corrosion inhibition strategy for carbon steel and an in-depth study on its mechanism are of vital importance. Here we have developed a mixed type corrosion inhibitor of PPy-CTS, which incorporated the good solubility and adsorption capacity of chitosan (CTS) into the excellent corrosion inhibition performance of polypyrrole (PPy) by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on CTS. The corrosion inhibition performance of PPy-CTS composites as a potential corrosion inhibitor for Q235 carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated by electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization curve and AC impedance spectroscopy) and surface morphological (scanning electron microscopy and water droplet contact angle) characterization. The results revealed that PPy-CTS with the optimal concentration of 250 ppm achieved the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 91.1%. Subsequently, the corrosion inhibition mechanism was furtherly studied. Gibbs free energy obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model suggested that the absorption of PPy-CTS corrosion inhibitor on Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution belonged to a combined type of physisorption and chemisorption, which resulted in the formation of a physical barrier preventing the carbon steel from corrosion. In addition, the conductive polymer PPy of corrosion inhibitor possessed an oxide-film anodic protection for carbon steel. Ultimately, PPy-CTS effectively suppressed the corrosion reaction of carbon steel in harsh acidic environment through the synergistic effect of physical barrier and anodic protection.
Staples Versus Sutures For Skin Closure In Hip Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis And Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Zirui , Liu Binfeng , Yang Hao , Zhao Liang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this present study was to estimate complication and other outcomes associated with staples and sutures closure after hip arthroplasty through meta- analysis techniques and system review. Methods: We searched for articles on EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Eligibility of the searched trials. Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software is used to perform meta-analysis.Results: Four randomized controlled trials and one retrospective cohort trial chosen into our study. Our study indicated that the risk of infection and prolonged discharge higher with staples than with sutures for skin closure after hip arthroplasty. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in allergic reaction, dehiscence, inflammation, abscess formation, Hollander Wound Evaluation Score and patient's satisfaction with skin closure methods between the two groups after hip arthroplasty. However, the suture group may require additional operating time.Conclusions: Closure with suture have a lower risk of infection and prolonged discharge when compared with staples skin closure in hip arthroplasty, while it may take more time.
Adaptation and collaborative CLTS pathways: Experiential learning from mistakes and iterative changes for success
Authors: Dektar Benbella 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis paper draws learnings and successes based on field implementation experience spanning four years (2016–2019) of implementing CLTS by Prince of Peace Orphans and Widows Vision, a community-based organization located in Kaberamaido district in eastern Uganda.MethodsThe study aimed to document, disseminate and inform from an evidence-based point of view how adaptation and collaborative engagements triggers learning from mistakes to inform iterative changes from improvements and success.This is a descriptive paper that used project documents review based on field implementation experience. Existing project reports were synthesised, collated and curated for evidence. Data were drawn from project reports and records to inform narratives in writing. Implementation of the project was executed in homogenous rural communities occupied by people of the same dialect, cultural and social settings.ResultsWe note that success in CLTS implementation can hardly be achieved by merely following prescriptions in handbooks and guidelines but rather by devising innovative community engagement and other participatory and community-driven techniques that foster adaptive management, promote ownership, and buy-in.Having learned from our failures, we used data to inform decisions and transformatively deviated from traditional CLTS implementation and introduced high impact and innovative approaches such as the use of CLTS helpdesks and Situation room, the Pamoja approach, learning labs and iterative feedback loops, innovatively tackling slippage and carefully introducing the follow-up mandona approach. These enhanced experiential learning and ultimately resulted in sustained sanitation behaviour.ConclusionsThe CLTS approach as outlined in the handbook needs to be flexibly adapted to address contextual needs. Reflective and learning sessions reinforced with routine feedback loops from implementers and beneficiaries yields tremendous results, propagates experiential learning, and ultimately results in a transformative deviation from undesirable to desired sanitation behaviours. These innovative approaches once carefully blended have proved to be sustainable, are adaptable and can work in an even larger scale and in a variety of contexts.
Clinical Characteristics And Analysis Of Risk Factors For Disease Progression Of COVID-19 Among Patients Within Wad Medani Isolation Centers, Gezira State: A Retrospective Cohort Study From Sudan
Authors: Yousif Mohammed Yousif Elnaeem , Eljack Moh.Mah.Fadel Allah , Amir Osman , Alfatih Mohammed , Shiekh Akram Khalid Al Tigany Al , Ahmed Mazin Abdelraham Osman , Nour Alshareef , Haroun Mazin S. , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Alhusseini Radi Tofaha , Osman Waddah Aljaely Mohammed , Abdulkarim Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background :

(COVID-19) had a great impact on the world’s health systems since December 2019. A little is known about the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in Sudanese Patients; therefor it is necessary to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and to explore the risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity.
Methods :

A one-year retrospective cohort study (May 2020- May2021) was done at three isolation centers in Wad Medani. Sample contained all COVID-19 patients who are over 18 years old and were confirmed to be COVID-19 by nucleic acid testing or features Suggestive of Covid19 on Chest CT scan.
Results :

This study included 418 patients confirmed COVID-19 cases with a median age of 66.3±13years. 179 (64.2%) patients were men. Hypertension (n=195; 46.7%) and diabetes (n=187; 44.7%) were the most common comorbidities. The most common symptoms at COVID-19 onset were fever (n=303; 72.5%), cough (n=278; 66.5%) and dyspnea (n= 256; 61.2%). the overall mortality rate was 35.4% (n=148). The morality rate was 42.3% (n=118) among patients with severe disease. The Chi-square test and ANOVA analysis revealed that older age, anemia, neutrophilia and lymphcytopenia, higher glucose levels, HbA1c levels and creatinine levels were variables associated with severe COVID-19. In inflammatory markers, the levels of CRP and d-dimer were elevated in severe infection more than moderate and mild infections.
Conclusion :

Patients with these factors are more likely to deteriorate into severe infection and have higher mortality rate than those without these factors.
Microseismic network sensitivity in case of no seismic activity
Authors: Káldy Eva , Fischer Tomáš 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Underground human activities, such as mining, shale gas and oil exploitation, waste-water disposal or geo-thermal plants, can cause earthquakes. These industry projects need to be monitored by local seismic networks in order to contain the risk. An ideal seismic network should have a triangulated grid, with spacing equal to the depth of the industrial activity with no associated industry noise. In many cases, stations are placed near noisy roads, factories or in a private garden, none of which are located at optimal nodes and which thus introduce great variations in the nose level. In this article, we present a work-flow to determine the sensitivity of any local network, even if there is no local event recorded. In other words: how small are the earthquakes that such seismic networks detect? This knowledge can be used as an argument for claiming an area to be seismically silent-inactive down to a certain magnitude or for evaluating the effect of an additional seismic station.A brief theory and work-flow description is followed by two real-case demonstrations from Czech Republic, Europe: first, a proof-test on a well- studied seismically active area of West Bohemia / Vogtland and second, an application to an uprising geothermal project in Litoměřice, where no seismic activity was detected in years of monitoring.
Approaches to prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children
Authors: Pakhomovskaia N. L. , Tatyanina O. F. , Lazareva Т. Yu. 
Published: October 2021

The incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, according to various authors, ranges from 5 to 39% and depends on the patient’s age and other contributing factors. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea can be caused by any antibiotic, regardless of dosage form or route of administration. In the pediatric population, the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea ranges from 6 to 70%. An urgent problem is the development of this disease against the background of a course of H. pylori eradication therapy, which significantly complicates tolerance and adherence to therapy. This article presents current data on the pathogenesis and risk factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. The clinical picture ranges from idiopathic enteritis to antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Cl. difficile - pseudomembranous colitis.The main principle of antibiotic-associated diarrhea treatment is cancellation of the antibacterial medicine that caused the diarrhea, or reducing its dose (if the course of the disease allows it). In complex treatment sorbents are used, correction of water-electrolyte balance is carried out. The use of probiotics seems quite logical for the treatment and prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in terms of the pathogenesis of this condition. To correct dysbiosis, drugs are used to maintain and restore the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota.Taking into account modern recommendations the main groups of drugs (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics) used for correction of intestinal microbiocenosis are presented. The mechanism of action of probiotics and mechanisms of their effect on intestinal microflora are considered. The basic requirements for bacterial strains that are part of the probiotic drugs are presented.The results of various randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses confirming the necessity of including probiotic complexes in antibiotic-associated diarrhea treatment regimens are presented from an evidence-based medicine perspective. The clinical effects of strains of Lactobacillusspp., Bifidobacterium spp.,Streptococcusspp. and Lactococcusspp. on the digestive tract microbiota are considered. The role of a synbiotic containing 9 probiotic strains of 4.5 * 109 CFU in one capsule and the prebiotic component fructooligosac-charides in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children is discussed separately. The results of microbiological studies confirmed the presence of microorganisms of genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus in the product, and the content of bacteria in one dose of the product was not less than 2 x 1010 CFU.