bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate Sovereignty: Mennonite Self‐Government in “Green Hell” and the Politics of Belonging in Paraguay's Chaco
Authors: Canova Paola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the mid‐1920s, Mennonite settlers to the Paraguayan Chaco established a system of self‐governance in a frontier region constructed and imagined at “the edge” of the state. Despite the fast‐paced economic development that has rapidly transformed the region, the Mennonites have managed to remain socially and geographically isolated from the rest of the population until recently. What sustains their contemporary model of self‐governance in a context that is rapidly changing? An examination of the key role of intimacy, explored through the strategic deployment of sexuality and the establishment of socioeconomic institutions, reveals how they have established a racialized project of sovereignty in the region, coconstructed in interdependence with the Paraguayan state. The article discusses the implications of such a model in a region inhabited mostly by indigenous peoples, and offers some theoretical reflections on the intimate role of race and sexuality in shaping nonstate projects of sovereignty.
Histological and immunohistochemical changes in facial skin treated with combined ablative and non‐ablative laser therapy
Authors: Shanina Natalia A. , Patrushev Alexander V. , Zorman Anže 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFacial skin rejuvenation is a highly sought after procedure. Different materials, energy‐based devices and techniques have been shown to offer good results in facial rejuvenation.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the macroscopic and histological and immunohistochemical changes in facial skin treated with a combined laser therapy.Patients/MethodsFourteen patients aged from 38 to 59 years were included in the study. Two different wavelengths (2940 and 1064 nm) were used in this four‐step procedure.ResultsSignificant improvement according to classification for age‐related changes in all areas of the face was achieved. There were also significant structural changes in the epidermis and dermis, confirmed with histology and immunohistochemistry.ConclusionThe dual‐wavelength protocol has been found to provide excellent results for facial rejuvenation.
Attitudes of psychiatric nurses towards aggression: A polish study
Authors: Lickiewicz Jakub , Hughes Patricia Paulsen , Makara‐Studzinska Marta 
Published: February 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject? (Scientific Rationale)

Mental health care in Poland lags behind that of many other countries, and coercive measures are used on a regular basis.

Scant research has been conducted in Poland regarding the treatment of psychiatric patients.

The perspectives of Polish psychiatric nurses towards aggression remain unknown.

What does this paper add to the existing knowledge?

The translated and validated Attitude Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS) in Polish will serve as an instrument that gauges Polish nurses’ attitudes towards aggression. The Polish nurses have unenlightened and negative attitude towards aggression.

What are the implications for practice?

There is now an instrument in Polish by which we can gauge the attitudes of mental health nurses, which must precede any educational efforts. Polish nurses showed more restrictive and antiquated attitudes about patient violence than nurses in some other parts of the world. With a shift to more positive attitudes, the use of coercion could be reduced, resulting in improved patient care.

IntroductionIn Poland, the mode and site of patient treatment have changed little in the past 75 years, despite therapeutic advances worldwide. There is limited information regarding attitudes of nurses towards aggression in psychiatric settings in Poland, nor has there been an instrument in Polish to measure it.AimTo translate and validate the Attitudes Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS) for use in Poland, and to assess the attitudes of three groups of nursing personnel towards aggression.MethodWe surveyed 980 psychiatric and general nurses as well as nursing students. We translated the ATAS into Polish, and validated it using exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThe Polish version of the ATAS showed good psychometric properties. We found that Polish nurses perceived patient aggression extremely negatively.DiscussionPolish nurses perceive aggression as destructive, negative and not to be tolerated, leading to use of restraints. Among the three groups, psychiatric nurses showed the most negative attitude towards aggression. Thus, education is needed for preservice and inservice nurses alike to address this issue.What this study adds to existing evidenceWe now have a validated instrument to assess nurses’ attitudes about aggression. We also know that Polish nurses have exceedingly negative attitudes towards aggression.Implications for PracticeThe Polish version of ATAS was found valid and reliable. Therefore, we can now measure the attitudes of Polish nurses towards aggression, which was not possible previously. The baseline data provide a starting point from which to determine effects of educational efforts.
Clinical characteristics and histology of cholecystectomised dogs with nongravity‐dependent biliary sludge: 16 cases (2014‐2019)
Authors: Viljoen A. D. , Tamborini A. , Watson P. J. , Bexfield N. H. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo report the available histology, biochemistry and clinical progression of dogs without classic overt biliary tract signs that underwent cholecystectomy for nongravity‐dependent biliary sludge.Materials and MethodsCase series of client‐owned dogs for which a cholecystectomy was performed for nongravity‐dependent biliary sludge. In six dogs, for which nongravity‐dependent biliary sludge filled less than half of gall bladder volume, gall bladder ejection fractions were measured. Available histology, biochemistry, presenting clinical signs and post‐surgical clinical progression were reported.ResultsSixteen dogs were included in this retrospective case series. No dogs met the histological criteria for gall bladder mucocoeles or had histological evidence of primary hepatitis or cholangitis. Biochemistry was normal for 11 dogs. Hypercholesterolaemia was not noted in any dog. Twelve dogs had cholecystitis (11 lymphoplasmacytic, one neutrophilic) and nine dogs had biliary mucosal hyperplasia. Thirteen dogs had enteritis (12 lymphoplasmacytic, one eosinophilic) and nine dogs had reactive hepatitis (eight lymphoplasmacytic, one neutrophilic). All six dogs with nongravity‐dependent biliary sludge that filled less than half of gall bladder volume had sub‐optimal gall bladder function. Presenting clinical signs, including diurnal inappetence in the morning and exercise intolerance, resolved in 86% (12/14) of dogs after cholecystectomy and clinical improvement was noted in 81% (13/16) of dogs overall.Clinical SignificanceDuodenal inflammation could potentially impact gall bladder dysmotility in dogs with nongravity‐dependent biliary sludge. Furthermore, diurnal inappetence in the morning and exercise intolerance could indicate symptomatic gall bladder disease in dogs with NDBS and can potentially precede more obvious systemic clinical signs associated with gall bladder mucocoeles.
Insomnia symptoms and subclinical myocardial injury: Data from the Nord‐Trøndelag Health (HUNT) study
Authors: Sigurdardottir Fjola D. , Lyngbakken Magnus N. , Hveem Kristian , Hrubos Strøm Harald , Røsjø Helge , Redline Susan , Omland Torbjørn 
Published: February 2021

SummaryInsomnia symptoms are associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. We hypothesised that insomnia symptoms are cross‐sectionally associated with increased cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a biomarker of subclinical myocardial injury, and that phenotyping by insomnia symptoms and cTnI enhances longitudinal risk stratification in the general population. In a population‐based study, cTnI was measured in 8,398 participants (median age 49 years, 55% women), who had answered questionnaires regarding insomnia symptoms. Association between cTnI and insomnia symptoms was assessed by linear regression analysis for each response category of a sleep questionnaire. Insomnia symptoms were defined as having difficulty falling asleep almost every night, difficulty maintaining sleep almost every night, and/or non‐restorative sleep once a week or more. The primary outcome measure was a composite endpoint of CV mortality or first admission for HF. In all, 844 participants reported insomnia symptoms, 585 (69%) were women. Those with insomnia symptoms had marginally, but significantly higher median cTnI than those without insomnia symptoms, (median [interquartile range] 3.4 [2.4–5.2] ng/L versus 3.2 [2.2–4.9] ng/L; p = .014), but there was no association between any insomnia symptom and cTnI in unadjusted linear regression models (β 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.01 to 0.12). In adjusted analyses, participants with insomnia symptoms and increased cTnI were at increased risk of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio 1.71, 95% CI 1.04–2.79) compared to participants with insomnia symptoms and low cTnI. In the general population, insomnia symptoms are not associated with biochemical evidence of subclinical myocardial injury.
Releasates of riboflavin/UV‐treated platelets: Microvesicles suppress cytokine‐mediated endothelial cell migration/proliferation
Authors: Schubert Peter , Culibrk Luka , Culibrk Brankica , Conway Edward M. , Goodrich Raymond P. , Devine Dana V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccelerated development of the platelet (PLT) storage lesion upon pathogen inactivation (PI) is associated with the release of proteins from granules and platelet microvesicles (PMVs). Whether PI treatments alter the interaction between PLT factors and the vessel endothelium is of interest in understanding the risk profile of these technologies.Study Design and MethodsIn a pool‐and‐split study, one platelet concentrate (PC) was treated with riboflavin/UV (RF/UV) light, while the other one was kept as an untreated control. Releasates and PMV‐depleted releasates were prepared by differential centrifugation steps on days 0, 1, 5, and 7 of storage. Cytokine/chemokine release following PI treatment was analyzed by an antibody array, and results were verified by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. PMVs were enumerated by CD41 labeling and flow cytometry. Wound scratch assays were performed using cultured Ea.hy926 cells exposed to the differently prepared releasates. Effects of releasates on the phosphorylation levels of kinases ERK and p38 expressed by endothelial cells were analyzed by immunoblot.ResultsCytokine/chemokine assays identified a 2‐fold increase in epidermal growth factor released from PCs treated with RF/UV light compared with control. PMV count increased ~100‐fold following PI treatment. Unmodified releasates and PMV‐depleted releasates displayed different contributions to the kinetics of endothelial cell wound closure. This observation was associated with an increased ERK versus unaltered p38 activation in the endothelial cells.ConclusionThis study identified an inhibitory impact of PMVs on endothelial cell migration/proliferation upon stimulation by released cytokines and PMVs from PLTs treated with RF/UV light for endothelial cell wound closure.
Adults’ experience of living with multimorbidity: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Whitehead Lisa , Palamara Peter , Browning Shannon , Ferris Jessica 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the review is to synthesize the qualitative research literature on the experiences of adults living with multimorbidity.

Introduction:
Persons living with two or more chronic health conditions, known as multimorbidity, is a global health problem in countries of all income levels. Multimorbidity presents an ever-increasing resource and financial burden for health care systems and similarly challenges those living with multiple health conditions because of the complexity of their health and treatment requirements. Overall, persons with multimorbid conditions experience a high risk of mortality and a lower quality of life. Understanding the adult experience of multimorbidity is important for creating and implementing health care that meets the needs of individuals living with the burden of multiple chronic health conditions.

Inclusion criteria:
The systematic review will include published peer-reviewed and unpublished English-language studies from 2000 to 2020 that provide qualitative evidence of adults’ (18+ years of age) experiences of living with multimorbidity.

Methods:
CINAHL with full text, Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Consumer Health Database, Scopus, and ScienceDirect journals and books will be searched. Reference lists of included studies will also be cross-checked with search outcomes to identify additional studies. Sources of gray literature will also be searched for unpublished studies. The critical appraisal of selected studies and the extraction of data will be independently undertaken by two reviewers using JBI methods. The findings will be pooled using meta-aggregation to produce comprehensive synthesized findings. A ConQual Summary of Findings will also be presented.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020152038
Design Aspect of Creep
Authors: Bailey R. W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper is an abstract of a manuscript submitted by Mr. Bailey at the request of the Plasticity Committee of the Applied Mechanics Division through its chairman, Dr. Nadai. The paper is also an abridgment of Mr. Bailey’s paper read before the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, November 22, 1935. The purpose of this abstract is to indicate the wide range of topics treated fully in the original paper and to give a useful and adequate summary of this pioneer work by Mr. Bailey.
In many cases, because of lack of space, the bases of the author’s conclusions are not discussed in this abstract nor are the mathematical derivations included. The reader interested in these details should consult the London paper. Footnotes have been added to this abstract mentioning references which are readily available and which will supplement and illuminate this abbreviated treatment. Comprehensive and somewhat different abstracts of the original London paper have also appeared in “Engineering,” November 29 and December 13, 1935, and in “The Engineer,” December 6, 1935.
Deflection of Beams of Varying Cross Section
Authors: Hetényi Miklós 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper calls attention to a new method of dealing with deflections of beams, the cross sections of which vary by steps. It is shown that the effect of this variation on the shape of the deflection curve can be represented by a properly chosen force system acting on a beam of uniform cross section. There is no approximation involved in this substitution, whereby the original problem is reduced to one of computing deflections of beams of constant cross section.
The Leakage of Gases Through Narrow Channels
Authors: Egli Adolf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper a rational theory is developed as a basis for calculating the flow of gases (compressible fluids) through narrow channels. For the most important case the solution of the general flow equation is given in graphical form which shows the relation between mass flow, pressure drop, and channel resistance.
Tests of the leakage of air and steam through the narrow clearance between a valve stem and bushing afford a practical demonstration of the use of the theory. Formulas are derived for the calculation of the leakage of gases through reamed bushings on ground stems. Expressions for the leakage of liquids (incompressible fluids) are obtained as special cases of the gas formulas.
Flow Through Granular Media
Authors: Bakhmeteff Boris A. , Feodoroff N. V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ever since Darcy’s (1) basic work on the mechanics of filtration, flow through porous media has been the object of repeated research. Numerous and most valuable data on filtration coefficients have been gathered (2), the approach in recent years having been broadened by invoking the principle of dynamic similitude (3). So far, however, no general picture has been disclosed, such for example as made available for pipes by Osborne Reynolds and his successors. Systematic research was initiated accordingly at the fluid-mechanics laboratory of Columbia University with the object of possibly obtaining a comprehensive view of the phenomenon as a whole. This paper summarizes the results of the first series of experiments, which deal with flow through media composed of uniform spherical bodies, for which lead shot varying in diameter from 0.0377 in. to 0.361 in. was used.
The device used permitted resistance slopes over 7 : 1, and the Reynolds’ characteristics were extended to the unprecedented range of nearby 1.8 × 103. Under such conditions the whole series of the successive flow forms became evident. The initial Darcy type of flow with resistance proportional to the first power of the velocity was superseded by a zone where losses rapidly grew on an increasing power of the velocity Un, until in the higher ranges once more an apparently stable pattern with a constant exponent n = 1.8 was reached.
A simple method based on dimensional considerations and which takes into account the varying porosities was used to reduce experimental data to a unified basis. In terms of a proper Reynolds characteristic, the generalized resistance coefficient in a quadratic formula presented itself in the form of a unified continuous outline. The possible mechanism of resistance in the different flow forms is discussed in the condensed survey of the dynamics of the case preceding the description of the experiments. The unwarranted analogy with laminar and turbulent flow in pipes is substituted by an interpretation invoking a parallel with the Stokes type of flow and with the customary “form” resistance of spheres. At the close a comprehensive expression is given to the Darcy filtration coefficient taking account of the porosity and the viscosity of the fluid, with only one dimensionless empirical parameter, the numerical value of which assumedly is a constant for a certain shape.
Practical Aspects of Turbine Cylinder Joints
Authors: Campbell C. B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Existing American standards for steel flanged fittings satisfactorily cover the requirements for round pipe joints in the several pressure classifications, providing the type of flange is properly chosen for the particular service. The design of nongasketed, high-pressure, and high-temperature joints for steam-turbine cylinders is quite another problem, and an understanding of the principles underlying the design of steam-tight joints is necessary to its successful solution. It is the purpose of this paper to bring out the important considerations affecting such flanged joints and to note the general methods adopted for their analysis by the company with which the writer is associated.
The Effect of the Speed of Stretching and the Rate of Loading on the Yielding of Mild Steel
Authors: Davis E. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The phenomena occurring at the upper and lower yield point in mild steel is not yet fully understood. This paper is an attempt to study some of these phenomena and to correlate them with the facts already known about the first yielding of this unique material.
In order to investigate the rate of loading on the yielding of mild steel a machine was designed in which the amount of increase in load per unit time could be held constant regardless of the rate of strain. Results of tests are presented in which the rate of loading for separate tests was changed by a maximum ratio of 1 to 21,000. The effect of rate of loading was studied on four different shapes of test specimens.
Factors affecting the initial yielding of mild steel and their influence on the shape of the stress-strain diagram are discussed. These factors include the effect of the speed of deformation and of stress concentration upon the stress at which yielding takes place. The manner in which localized yielding affects the stress distribution in the bar and changes the actual strain rate is also described. The constant-load-rate type of test such as presented here is compared with the ordinary constantstrain-rate type of test. Various shapes of stress-strain diagrams that have been obtained in practice are explained in terms of the factors previously mentioned.
Reheat Factors for Expansions of Superheated and Wet Steam
Authors: Thatcher Charles G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For superheated-steam expansions, charts show the reheat factors plotted against the ratio of P1/P2 up to a maximum value of 50 for this ratio. The probabilities are that these values of reheat factor are accurate to within one part in a thousand.
The effect of stage efficiency is considered and results presented. Within the superheat region all stage efficiencies are considered to be constant.
Wet-region values are worked out by the step-by-step method, and are presented entirely separate from those for the superheat region. Here also the effect of stage efficiency is included, as well as the effect of decreasing stage efficiency due to increasing moisture content in the expanding steam. The lack of uniformity in practice on this latter issue is pointed out and a suggestion made which should lead to clearer understanding. Moisture removal, which is prevalent in modern turbines, causes discontinuity in the condition curve, and a suggestion is made for the construction of the curve for such a case.
Finally, there is given a method of calculating a condition curve for an expansion from any point in the superheat region and terminating in the wet region. It was found impractical to present a chart of reheat factors for such expansions.
Steady Oscillations of Systems With Nonlinear and Unsymmetrical Elasticity
Authors: Rauscher Manfred 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Steady forced oscillations are reduced to free undamped oscillations of the same amplitude. The reduction is accomplished by changing the excitation from a time function F(t) into a space function F(x) through the assumption that x and t are related as in a free motion. By combining F(x) with the elastic restoring force E(x), a new effective E(x) is obtained, to which there corresponds a new “free” motion, which in turn furnishes a second approximation for the relation between x and t, and hence a new function F(x). A new effective E(x) and a new free motion are then found; and the cycle is repeated until the relation between x and t ceases to change. The frequency of the forced motion at the assumed amplitude is then known. In general, the process converges rapidly. The accuracy can be checked at any stage of the work. A general criterion of the stability of the motions is offered.