bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress in pregnancy: Clinical and adaptive behavior of offspring following Superstorm Sandy
Authors: Nomura Yoko , Zhang Wei , Hurd Yasmin L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current study investigated 304 children from a longitudinal project (the Stress in Pregnancy (SIP) Study) who were exposed and unexposed to Superstorm Sandy (“Sandy”)in utero.They were prospectively followed from 2 to 6 years of age and their clinical and adaptive behaviors were assessed annually. Using a hierarchical linear model, the study found thatin uteroSandy exposure was associated with greater clinical (anxiety, depression, and somatization) and lower adaptive behaviors (social skills and functional communication) at age 2 years. However, the trajectories were notably different between the two groups. Anxiety increased more rapidly among the exposed than unexposed group at ages 2–4, and depression increased only among the exposed. In contrast, social skills and functional communication were lower in exposed compared to unexposed children at age 2, but quickly increased and exceeded the capacities of unexposed children by age 3. The findings confirm that prenatal Sandy exposure is not only associated with an increase in anxiety, depression, and somatization in offspring, but also with greater adaptive skills as the children got older. Our study demonstrates that while children who have experienced stressin uterodemonstrate elevated suboptimal clinical behaviors related to affective disorders, they nevertheless have the potential to learn adaptive skills.
A Call to APSA Part 1: Learn about Community College Faculty
Authors: Osorio Maricruz Ariana , Parker Sara , Richards Erin 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThis article summarizes research on the profession of community college faculty generally and data gathered from a survey of political science faculty teaching at community colleges nationwide conducted in 2018. The purpose of the article is to educate the discipline about what life is like for faculty at two-year schools and specifically how political science faculty at these schools perceive their role.
Dietary patterns of children aged 6–24 months assisted by the Bolsa Família Program
Authors: Mendes Marília Moura e , Marçal Giovana de Montemor , Rinaldi Ana Elisa Madalena , Bueno Nassib Bezerra , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo , Clemente Ana Paula Grotti 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to verify the association between socio-economic and demographic characteristics and dietary patterns (DP) of children assisted by the Conditional Cash Transfer Program, Bolsa Família Program (BFP).Design:This is a cross-sectional study. DP were defined using a principal component analysis. The association of the predictive variables and DP was modelled using multilevel linear regression analysis.Setting:This study was conducted in six municipalities from the State of Alagoas, Brazil.Participants:The participants were children aged 6–24 months who were assisted by the BFP.Results:A total of 1604 children were evaluated. Four DP were identified (DP1, DP2, DP3 and DP4). DP1 is composed of traditional Brazilian food. DP2 is formed mostly from ultra-processed foods (UPF). DP3 consists of milk (non-breast) with added sugar, while DP4 consists of fresh and minimally processed foods. Caregivers with higher age and education (β = −0·008; (95 % CI −0·017, −0·000); β = −0·037; (95 % CI −0·056, −0·018), respectively) were negatively associated with DP2. We observed a negative association between households with food insecurity (β = −0·204; (95 % CI −0·331, −0·078)) and DP4 and a positive association between caregivers with higher age and education (β = 0·011; (95 % CI (0·003; 0·019); β = 0·043; (95 % CI 0·025, 0·061), respectively) and DP4.Conclusion:This study identified the association between socio-economic inequities and DP early in life, with an early introduction of UPF, in children assisted by BFP in the State of Alagoas.
Laser-Assisted Field Evaporation of (R = Gd, Sm) High-Temperature Superconducting Coated Conductors
Authors: Smith Jesse D , Huh Jeong , Shelton Adam , Reidy Richard F , Young Marcus L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the field of high-temperature superconductors, atom probe tomography is a relatively new instrument, with the ability to provide a new perspective on the 3D nanoscale microstructure. However, field evaporation of nonmetallic materials is fraught with unique challenges that matter little in the world of metallic evaporation. In this study, we review the laser absorption, correlated evaporation, molecular dissociation, and the crystallographic effects on the field evaporation of 800-m (R = Gd, Sm) coated conductor tapes deposited by Reactive Co-Evaporation Cyclic Deposition and Reaction (RCE-CDR). Ultraviolet 355 nm laser pulsing was found to have a substantial beneficial effect on minimizing the fracture probability compared with 532 nm illumination, especially when evaporating insulating oxide precipitates. This, in turn, allows for the 3D compositional analysis of defects such as flux pinning centers introduced by precipitation and doping. As a result, evidence for the precipitation of nanoscale is discussed. The effect of crystallographic orientation is studied, where [001] aligned evaporation is found to develop compositional aberrations.
Artificial Intelligence in Legal Practice: Exploring Theoretical Frameworks for Algorithmic Literacy in the Legal Information Profession
Authors: Garingan Dominique , Pickard Alison Jane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn response to evolving legal technologies, this article by Dominique Garingan and Alison Jane Pickard explores the concept of algorithmic literacy, a technological literacy which facilitates metacognitive practices surrounding the use of artificially intelligent systems and the principles that shape ethical and responsible user experiences. This article examines the extent to which existing information, digital, and computer literacy frameworks and professional competency standards ground algorithmic literacy. It proceeds to identify various elements of algorithmic literacy within existing literature, provide examples of algorithmic literacy initiatives in academic and non-academic settings, and explore the need for an algorithmic literacy framework to ground algorithmic literacy initiatives within the legal information profession.
Modeling of Seismic Anisotropy Observations Reveals Plausible Lowermost Mantle Flow Directions Beneath Siberia
Authors: Creasy Neala , Pisconti Angelo , Long Maureen D. , Thomas Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObservations of seismic anisotropy just above the core‐mantle boundary are a powerful way to understand the dynamics of the lowermost mantle. Here we present models of seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle beneath Siberia based on new and previously published body wave observations. We compile a set of measurements based on a variety of data types, including the differential splitting of SK(K)S‐PKS and S‐ScS phases and polarities of PdP and SdS reflections off the D″ discontinuity. We carry out ray theoretical forward modeling of these data sets in combination, using a novel approach that allows for tighter constraints on the geometry of seismic anisotropy than would be possible using a single data type. Observations for each seismic phase alone only provide limited information; by combining different data types into one modeling approach, we can constrain D″ seismic anisotropy more tightly. We test a range of plausible mechanisms for seismic anisotropy, including a variety of candidate minerals (bridgmanite, post‐perovskite, and ferropericlase), dominant slip systems, and orientations, and consider both single‐crystal elasticity and elastic tensors based on polycrystalline texture modeling. In general, we find that post‐perovskite (with either a [100](010) or [100](001) dominant slip system) or bridgmanite models provide the best fit to the observations. The best‐fitting models suggest a dominant shear direction to the southwest or northeast direction at the base of the mantle. This is consistent with flow directed toward the Perm anomaly, potentially driven by slab remnants impinging on the core‐mantle boundary.
Reducing Climate Change Induced Flood at the Cost of Hydropower in the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin
Authors: Yun Xiaobo , Tang Qiuhong , Sun Siao , Wang Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydropower dams are proliferating in the riparian countries of the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin (LMRB) driven by the pursuit of renewable electricity and societal resilience to flooding. However, the tradeoffs between hydropower production and flood control are unclear in a changing environment. Here, we use a hydrological variable infiltration capacity model combined with a reservoir module to quantify the relative effects of climate change and reservoir operation on flood and hydropower generation in LMRB. Results show that while climate change would increase flood magnitude and frequency, adaptive reservoir operation can reduce flood magnitude by 5.6%–6.4% and frequency by 17.1%–18.9% at the cost of 9.8%–14.4% of basin‐wide hydropower generation. Particularly, upstream reservoirs suffer more hydropower loss (5.4 times) than downstream ones when flood control is prioritized in reservoir regulation. Our findings have implications for integrated water and energy management at the transboundary river basin under climate change.
Clays Are Not Created Equal: How Clay Mineral Type Affects Soil Parameterization
Authors: Lehmann P. , Leshchinsky B. , Gupta S. , Mirus B. B. , Bickel S. , Lu N. , Or D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClay minerals dominate the soil colloidal fraction and its specific surface area. Differences among clay mineral types significantly influence their effects on soil hydrological and mechanical behavior. Presently, the soil clay content is used to parameterize soil hydraulic and mechanical properties (SHMP) for land surface models while disregarding the type of clay mineral. This undifferentiated use of clay leads to inconsistent parameterization, particularly between tropical and temperate soils, as shown herein. We capitalize on recent global maps of clay minerals that exhibit strong climatic and spatial segregation of active and inactive clays to consider spatially resolved clay mineral types in SHMP estimation. Clay mineral‐informed pedotransfer functions and machine learning algorithms trained with datasets including different clay types and soil structure formation processes improve SHMP representation regionally with broad implications for hydrological and geomechanical Earth surface processes.
Evidence of Volatile‐Induced Melting in the Northeast Asian Upper Mantle
Authors: Sun Yizhuo , Hier‐Majumder Saswata , Tauzin Benoit , Walter Michael , Ballmer Maxim , Xu Yigang , Kim Seongryong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA seismic low velocity layer (LVL) above the mantle transition zone (MTZ), often thought to be caused by volatile‐induced melting, can significantly modulate planetary volatile cycles. In this work, we show that an LVL observed beneath northeast Asia is characterized by small, 0.8 0.5 vol%, average degrees of partial melting. Seismically derived P‐T conditions of the LVL indicate that slab‐derived , possibly combined with small amounts of O, is necessary to induce melting. Modeling the reactive infiltration instability of the melt in a stationary mantle above a stalled slab, we demonstrate that the volatile‐rich melt slowly rises above the stalled slab in the MTZ, with percolation velocities of 200–500 m/yr. The melt remains stable within the LVL for this geologically significant period of time, potentially transferring up to 52 Mt/yr of from the subducting slab to the mantle for an LVL similar in areal extent () to the northeast Asian LVL. Reaction between the melt channels and the LVL mantle precipitates up to 200 ppmw solid C in localized zones. Using the inferred small melt volume fraction to model trace element abundances and isotopic signatures, we show that interaction between this melt and the surrounding mantle can over the long‐term produce rocks bearing a HIMU like geochemical signature.
Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD
Authors: Sulkama Sini , Puurunen Jenni , Salonen Milla , Mikkola Salla , Hakanen Emma , Araujo César , Lohi Hannes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder impairing the quality of life of the affected individuals. The domestic dog can spontaneously manifest high hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention which are components of human ADHD. Therefore, a better understanding of demographic, environmental and behavioural factors influencing canine hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention could benefit both humans and dogs. We collected comprehensive behavioural survey data from over 11,000 Finnish pet dogs and quantified their level of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. We performed generalised linear model analyses to identify factors associated with these behavioural traits. Our results indicated that high levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention were more common in dogs that are young, male and spend more time alone at home. Additionally, we showed several breed differences suggesting a substantial genetic basis for these traits. Furthermore, hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention had strong comorbidities with compulsive behaviour, aggressiveness and fearfulness. Multiple of these associations have also been identified in humans, strengthening the role of the dog as an animal model for ADHD.
FKBP51 promotes invasion and migration by increasing the autophagic degradation of TIMP3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mao Shaowei , Zhang Di , Chen Luan , Tan Jie , Chu Yunpeng , Huang Sijia , Zhou Wenqi , Qin Hengwei , Xia Qinghua , Zhao Yueran , Li Rongxiu , Qin Shengying , Wei Muyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of metastasis is a serious risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. In order to develop novel therapeutic approaches to control the progression of metastatic RCC, it is of urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying RCC metastasis and identify prognostic markers of metastatic risk. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been known to be closely associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, which plays a highly active role in tumor metastasis. Recent studies have shown that immunophilin FK-506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) may be important for the regulation of ECM function, and exert effects on the invasion and migration of tumor cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these activities remain unclear. The present study detected the role of FKBP51 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of RCC, and found that FKBP51 significantly promotes ccRCC invasion and migration by binding with the TIMP3, connecting TIMP3 with Beclin1 complex and increasing autophagic degradation of TIMP3. Given the important roles that TIMPs/MMPs play in ECM regulation and remodeling, our findings will provide new perspective for future investigation of the regulation of metastasis of kidney cancer and other types of cancer.
Sclareol and linalyl acetate are produced by glandular trichomes through the MEP pathway
Authors: Chalvin Camille , Drevensek Stéphanie , Gilard Françoise , Mauve Caroline , Chollet Christel , Morin Halima , Nicol Edith , Héripré Eva , Kriegshauser Lucie , Gakière Bertrand , Dron Michel , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Boualem Adnane 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sclareol, an antifungal specialized metabolite produced by clary sage, Salvia sclarea, is the starting plant natural molecule used for the hemisynthesis of the perfume ingredient ambroxide. Sclareol is mainly produced in clary sage flower calyces; however, the cellular localization of the sclareol biosynthesis remains unknown. To elucidate the site of sclareol biosynthesis, we analyzed its spatial distribution in the clary sage calyx epidermis using laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI–FTICR-MSI) and investigated the expression profile of sclareol biosynthesis genes in isolated glandular trichomes (GTs). We showed that sclareol specifically accumulates in GTs’ gland cells in which sclareol biosynthesis genes are strongly expressed. We next isolated a glabrous beardless mutant and demonstrate that more than 90% of the sclareol is produced by the large capitate GTs. Feeding experiments, using 1-13C-glucose, and specific enzyme inhibitors further revealed that the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) biosynthetic pathway is the main source of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) precursor used for the biosynthesis of sclareol. Our findings demonstrate that sclareol is an MEP-derived diterpene produced by large capitate GTs in clary sage emphasing the role of GTs as biofactories dedicated to the production of specialized metabolites.
Frequent germplasm exchanges drive the high genetic diversity of Chinese-cultivated common apricot germplasm
Authors: Zhang Qiuping , Zhang Diyang , Yu Kang , Ji Jingjing , Liu Ning , Zhang Yuping , Xu Ming , Zhang Yu-Jun , Ma Xiaoxue , Liu Shuo , Sun Wei-Hong , Yu Xia , Hu Wenqi , Lan Si-Ren , Liu Zhong-Jian , Liu Weisheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe genetic diversity of germplasm is critical for exploring genetic and phenotypic resources and has important implications for crop-breeding sustainability and improvement. However, little is known about the factors that shape and maintain genetic diversity. Here, we assembled a high-quality chromosome-level reference of the Chinese common apricot ‘Yinxiangbai’, and we resequenced 180 apricot accessions that cover four major ecogeographical groups in China and other accessions from occidental countries. We concluded that Chinese-cultivated common apricot germplasms possessed much higher genetic diversity than those cultivated in Western countries. We also detected seven migration events among different apricot groups, where 27% of the genome was identified as being introgressed. Remarkably, we demonstrated that these introgressed regions drove the current high level of germplasm diversity in Chinese-cultivated common apricots by introducing different genes related to distinct phenotypes from different cultivated groups. Our results highlight the consideration that introgressed regions may provide an important reservoir of genetic resources that can be used to sustain modern breeding programs.
Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of Citrus sinensis varieties provide insights into Valencia orange fruit mastication trait formation
Authors: Feng Guizhi , Ai Xiu , Yi Hualin , Guo Wenwu , Wu Juxun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractValencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) (VO) is a type of late-ripening sweet orange whose ripening occurs 4 to 5 months later than that of the mid-ripening common sweet orange (CO). Notably, the mastication trait of VO fruit is inferior to that of CO fruit. To date, how inferior pulp mastication trait forms in VO has not been determined. In this study, 13 VO varieties and 12 CO varieties were subjected to whole-genome resequencing. A total of 2.98 million SNPs were identified from 25 varieties, and a SNP molecular marker was developed to distinguish VO and CO. Moreover, 144 and 141 genes identified by selective sweep analysis were selected during VO and CO evolution, respectively. Based on gene functional enrichment analysis, most of the selected VO genes were related to the stress response and lignin biosynthesis. Simultaneously, we comparatively analyzed the transcriptome profiles of peel and pulp tissues among three VO varieties and three CO varieties, and the results demonstrated differences in lignin biosynthesis between VO and CO fruits. Furthermore, coexpression network analysis was performed to identify hub genes of lignin-related and variety-specific networks, which included CsERF74, CsNAC25, CsHSFB3, CsSPL4/13, etc. Overall, this study provides important insights into the mastication trait formation of Valencia orange fruit.
Cell proliferation fate mapping reveals regional cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity in subendocardial muscle of left ventricle
Authors: Liu Xiuxiu , Pu Wenjuan , He Lingjuan , Li Yan , Zhao Huan , Li Yi , Liu Kuo , Huang Xiuzhen , Weng Wendong , Wang Qing-Dong , Shen Linghong , Zhong Tao , Sun Kun , Ardehali Reza , He Ben , Zhou Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCardiac regeneration involves the generation of new cardiomyocytes from cycling cardiomyocytes. Understanding cell-cycle activity of pre-existing cardiomyocytes provides valuable information to heart repair and regeneration. However, the anatomical locations and in situ dynamics of cycling cardiomyocytes remain unclear. Here we develop a genetic approach for a temporally seamless recording of cardiomyocyte-specific cell-cycle activity in vivo. We find that the majority of cycling cardiomyocytes are positioned in the subendocardial muscle of the left ventricle, especially in the papillary muscles. Clonal analysis revealed that a subset of cycling cardiomyocytes have undergone cell division. Myocardial infarction and cardiac pressure overload induce regional patterns of cycling cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity requires the Hippo pathway effector YAP. These genetic fate-mapping studies advance our basic understanding of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and generation in cardiac homeostasis, repair, and regeneration.
Neurofibromin 1 in mushroom body neurons mediates circadian wake drive through activating cAMP–PKA signaling
Authors: Machado Almeida Pedro , Lago Solis Blanca , Stickley Luca , Feidler Alexis , Nagoshi Emi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVarious behavioral and cognitive states exhibit circadian variations in animals across phyla including Drosophila melanogaster, in which only ~0.1% of the brain’s neurons contain circadian clocks. Clock neurons transmit the timing information to a plethora of non-clock neurons via poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we address the molecular underpinning of this phenomenon by profiling circadian gene expression in non-clock neurons that constitute the mushroom body, the center of associative learning and sleep regulation. We show that circadian clocks drive rhythmic expression of hundreds of genes in mushroom body neurons, including the Neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) tumor suppressor gene and Pka-C1. Circadian clocks also drive calcium rhythms in mushroom body neurons via NF1-cAMP/PKA-C1 signaling, eliciting higher mushroom body activity during the day than at night, thereby promoting daytime wakefulness. These findings reveal the pervasive, non-cell-autonomous circadian regulation of gene expression in the brain and its role in sleep.