bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient‐enhanced damage growth modeling of ductile fracture
Authors: Larsson Ragnar , Ertürk Ahmet S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a gradient‐enhanced damage model for ductile fracture modeling, describing the degraded material response coupled to temperature. Continuum thermodynamics is used to represent components of the energy dissipation as induced by the effective material response, thermal effects, and damage evolution. The viscoplastic Johnson‐Cook constitutive model serves as prototype for the effective material. The continuum damage evolution of Lemaitre type is focusing the degradation of the shear response, eventually leading to ductile shear failure. A novel feature is the damage‐driving dissipation rate, allowing for elastic and plastic components separated by a global damage threshold for accumulation of inelastic damage‐driving energy. In the application to a dynamic split‐Hopkinson test and two quasi‐static tensile tests, the gradient damage model is compared with the corresponding local model. For isothermal conditions, the examples show that both damage models exhibit mesh convergent behavior when using the global damage threshold.
Aberrant activation of Rho/ROCK signaling in impaired polarity switching of colorectal micropapillary carcinoma
Authors: Onuma Kunishige , Sato Yumi , Okuyama Hiroaki , Uematsu Hiroyuki , Homma Keiichiro , Ohue Masayuki , Kondo Jumpei , Inoue Masahiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicropapillary carcinoma (MPC) is a morphologically distinctive form of carcinoma, composed of small nests of cancer cells surrounded by lacunar spaces. Invasive MPC is associated with poor prognosis. The nests of tumor cells in MPC reportedly exhibit reverse polarity, although the molecular mechanisms underlying MPC patterns are poorly understood. Using the cancer tissue‐originated spheroid (CTOS) method, we previously reported polarity switching in colorectal cancer (CRC). When cultured in suspension, the apical membrane promptly switches from the outside surface of the CTOSs to the surface of the lumen inside the CTOSs under extracellular matrix (ECM)‐embedded conditions, and vice versa. Here, we investigated two CTOS lines from CRC patient tumors with MPC lesions. Xenograft tumors from the CTOSs exhibited the MPC phenotype. The MPC‐CTOSs did not switch polarity in vitro. Time‐course analysis of polarity switching using real‐time imaging of the apical membrane revealed that local switching was continually propagated in non‐MPC‐CTOSs, while MPC‐CTOSs were unable to complete the process. Integrin β4 translocated to the outer membrane when embedded in ECM in both MPC and non‐MPC‐CTOSs. Protein levels, as well as the active form of RhoA, were higher in MPC‐CTOSs. The suppression of RhoA activity by GAP overexpression enabled MPC‐CTOSs to complete polarity switching both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of active RhoA did not affect polarity switching in non‐MPC‐CTOSs. Pretreatment with a ROCK inhibitor enabled MPC‐CTOSs to complete polarity switching both in vitro and in vivo, although delayed treatment after becoming embedded in ECM failed to do so. Thus, the inability to switch polarity might be a cause of MPC, in which the aberrant activation of RhoA plays a critical role. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo‐mechanical, rheological and morphology properties of polypropylene composites: Residual CaCO3 as a sustainable by‐product
Authors: Techawinyutham Laongdaw , Sumrith Naruemon , Srisuk Rapeeporn , Techawinyutham Wiroj , Siengchin Suchart , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research looked into the possibility of using residual calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a by‐product of the cane sugar production process combined with polypropylene (PP) to replace commercial CaCO3. Using a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder, the CaCO3/PP composites were made in the following ratios: 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50, with the addition of maleic anhydride polypropylene at 5 wt% of CaCO3. In terms of mechanical properties, thermal properties, rheological properties, and morphology, the effect of the residual CaCO3 filler reinforced in PP matrix was compared to commercial CaCO3/PP composites. The findings showed that residual CaCO3 from the sugar production process can replace the use of industrial CaCO3 mixing in plastic and can add value to the residual CaCO3. The residual CaCO3/PP composites had better tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact resistance, and thermal stability than commercial CaCO3/PP composites, according to the findings. The composites' tensile modulus, flexural modulus, hardness, thermal stability, and rheological properties improved as the CaCO3 loading increased.
An investigation on the association between sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors use and acute pancreatitis: A VigiBase study
Authors: Frent Ioana , Bucsa Camelia , Leucuta Daniel , Farcas Andreea , Mogosan Cristina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo characterize acute pancreatitis (AP) related to sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and to investigate this relationship through disproportionality analysis in an international pharmacovigilance database.MethodsWe analyzed all AP reports for canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and/or empagliflozin from the WHOs Global adverse drug reactions database VigiBase® up to July 2019. We characterized the patients, reporters, and reactions, and we present the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and information component (IC) for each of the gliflozins. AP cases were reports containing at least one of 11 previously selected preferred terms. Gliflozin exposure was considered for all reports with at least one gliflozin as suspected/ interacting drug.ResultsOf the 19 834 180 individual case safety reports in VigiBase, in 600 reports containing 618 AP group reactions, gliflozins were suspected/ interacting drugs. Men were affected in 52.3% of the cases and 59.6% of the patients were in the 45–64 years age group. The reporters were in 417 cases healthcare professionals. Most of the reactions were reported for canagliflozin (59.7%), followed by empagliflozin (21%) and dapagliflozin (19.2%) and were serious (98.6%). Most of the reactions' outcomes (84% of the patients) were favorable. Ketoacidosis was frequently associated with the AP (21.3%). Significant PRR and IC were found for pancreatitis and pancreatitis acute for all three gliflozins, pancreatitis necrotizing for canagliflozin and empagliflozin and pancreatitis relapsing for empagliflozin.ConclusionsMost of the AP cases were serious and with favorable outcome. We identified possible alternative causes for AP, like concomitant medication, hypertriglyceridemia, and cholelithiasis and a frequent association with ketoacidosis. We found a significant association between AP and the use of canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin that would need further investigation.
Tracheostomy and long‐term mechanical ventilation in children after veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Mallory Palen P. , Barbaro Ryan P. , Bembea Melania M. , Bridges Brian C. , Chima Ranjit S. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Potera Renee M. , Rosner Elizabeth A. , Sandhu Hitesh S. , Slaven James E. , Tarquinio Keiko M. , Cheifetz Ira M. , Friedman Matthew L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur objective is to characterize the incidence of tracheostomy placement and of new requirement for long‐term mechanical ventilation after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) among children with acute respiratory failure. We examine whether an association exists between demographics, pre‐ECMO and ECMO clinical factors, and the placement of a tracheostomy or need for long‐term mechanical ventilation.MethodsA retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted at 10 quaternary care pediatric academic centers, including children supported with veno‐venous (V‐V) ECMO from 2011 to 2016.ResultsAmong 202 patients, 136 (67%) survived to ICU discharge. All tracheostomies were placed after ECMO decannulation, in 22 patients, with 19 of those surviving to ICU discharge (14% of survivors). Twelve patients (9% of survivors) were discharged on long‐term mechanical ventilation. Tracheostomy placement and discharge on home ventilation were not associated with pre‐ECMO severity of illness or pre‐existing chronic illness. Patients who received a tracheostomy were older and weighed more than patients who did not receive a tracheostomy, although this association did not exist among patients discharged on home ventilation. ECMO duration was longer in those who received a tracheostomy compared with those who did not, as well as for those discharged on home ventilation, compared to those who were not.ConclusionThe 14% rate for tracheostomy placement and 9% rate for discharge on long‐term mechanical ventilation after V‐V ECMO are important patient‐centered findings. This study informs anticipatory guidance provided to families of patients requiring prolonged respiratory ECMO support, and lays the foundation for future research.
Muon Discrepancy Within D‐brane String Compactifications
Authors: Anchordoqui Luis A. , Antoniadis Ignatios , Huang Xing , Lüst Dieter , Taylor Tomasz R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVery recently, the Muon g − 2 experiment at Fermilab has confirmed the E821 Brookhaven result, which hinted at a deviation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment from the Standard Model (SM) expectation. The combined results from Brookhaven and Fermilab show a difference with the SM prediction δaμ = (251 ± 59) × 10−11 at a significance of 4.2σ, strongly indicating the presence of new physics. Motivated by this new result we reexamine the contributions to δaμ from both: (i) the ubiquitous U(1) gauge bosons of D‐brane string theory constructions and (ii) the Regge excitations of the string. We show that, for a string scale , the contribution from anomalous U(1) gauge bosons which couple to hadrons could help to reduce (though not fully eliminate) the discrepancy reported by the Muon g − 2 Collaboration. Consistency with null results from LHC searches of new heavy vector bosons imparts the dominant constraint. We demonstrate that the contribution from Regge excitations is strongly suppressed as it was previously conjectured. We also comment on contributions from Kaluza‐Klein (KK) modes, which could help resolve the δaμ discrepancy. In particular, we argue that for 4‐stack intersecting D‐brane models, the KK excitations of the U(1) boson living on the lepton brane would not couple to hadrons and therefore can evade the LHC bounds while fully bridging the δaμ gap observed at Brookhaven and Fermilab.
Christmas‐Tree‐Shaped Palladium Nanostructures Decorated on Glassy Carbon Electrode for Ascorbic Acid Oxidation in Alkaline Condition
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Nagao Yuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChristmas‐tree‐shaped Pd nanostructures were synthesized using a simple one‐step electrodeposition method with no additives on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Growth of the hierarchical nanostructures was optimized through the applied potential, deposition time, and precursor concentration. Comprehensive characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize structural features of the Christmas‐tree‐shaped Pd nanostructures. Our Christmas‐tree‐shaped Pd nanostructures showed excellent catalytic activity for ascorbic acid (AA) electro‐oxidation in the alkaline condition. The modified electrode exhibited current density of 4.5 mA cm−2: much higher than that of unmodified GCE (0.6 mA cm−2). This simple electrodeposition technique with well‐defined hierarchical Pd nanostructures is expected to offer new perspectives using Pd‐based nanostructured surfaces in different research areas.
Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol Catalyzed by Porous BN Supported Ni−Pd Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Lei , Fang Yi , Du Zhao , Bi Dandan , Guo Zhonglu , Liu Zhenya , Huang Yang , Lin Jing , Tang Chengchun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhenol, as a phenolic organic substance, is widely present in industrial wastewater and is an important organic pollutant. Porous boron nitride (p‐BN) is an ideal material as catalyst support because it has a large specific surface area and a variety of pore structures. In this paper, a series of Ni−Pd/p‐BN catalysts were prepared by precipitation method. Meanwhile, the catalytic performance of the catalysts for the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol was systematical and comprehensive studied. Significantly, with the optimal catalyst, the conversion of phenol was greatly improved to reach more than 99.9 %, and the selectivity of cyclohexanol could almost exceed 99.8 %. In addition, the Ni−Pd/p‐BN catalyst can be reused as an effective catalyst for numerous cycles, indicating superior reusability and recyclability. After five cycles, the conversion of phenol and the selectivity of cyclohexanol is only reduced to ∼80 %. This catalyst will be a promising material in the field of industrial catalysis applications.
NMR Analysis of a Series of 6,14‐Ethenomorphinan Derivatives as PET Precursors and Reference Substances**
Authors: Marton János , Sipos Attila , Henriksen Gjermund , Cumming Paul , Berényi Sándor , Schmitt Bettina M. , Szabó Zoltán 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe new semisynthetic oripavine derivative 3‐O‐trityl‐6‐O‐desmethyl‐dihydroetorphine was synthesized from the poppy alkaloid thebaine in a six‐step procedure. This compound can be applied as precursor for the radiosynthesis of [6‐O‐methyl‐11C]‐dihydroetorphine ([11C]DHE). We present a detailed description of 1H and 13C NMR data of reference standards and precursors for [6‐O‐methyl‐11C]‐ and [6‐O‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl]orvinols. This includes the complete assignment for 19 oripavine derivatives examined in 1D and 2D NMR experiments. We also investigated the molecular basis for regioselectivity of fluoroalkylation of 3‐O‐trityl‐6‐O‐desmethyl‐phenethyl‐orvinol (TDPEO) using computational methods.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fossils: 14
Authors: Herendeen Patrick S. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe following eight generic names are recommended for conservation: Camptopteris with a conserved type, Clathropteris against Meniscites, Dictyophyllum against Quercites, Eristophyton against Ullmannites, Leptopteris C. Presl against Leptopteris Brongn., Lonchopteris with a conserved type, Otozamites against Otopteris, and Pirea Vavrdová against Pirea T. Durand. The following two species names are recommended for conservation: Glyptolepis keuperiana with a conserved type and Palaeospathe daemonorops against Chamaerops teutonica. The Committee supports the addition of A. Richard's 1822 publication to the list of suppressed works. The Committee judged the descriptive statement associated with “Rhyniales Němejc” to not be adequate for valid publication.
The gastrointestinal tract in hunger and satiety signalling
Authors: Tack Jan , Verbeure Wout , Mori Hideki , Schol Jolien , Van den Houte Karen , Huang I‐Hsuan , Balsiger Lukas , Broeders Bert , Colomier Esther , Scarpellini Emidio , Carbone Florencia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferent peripheral pathways are implicated in the regulation of the food ingestion‐digestion cycle.MethodsNarrative review on gastrointestinal mechanisms involved in satiety and hunger signalling.ResultsCombined mechano‐ and chemoreceptors, peripherally released peptide hormones and neural pathways provide feedback to the brain to determine sensations of hunger (increase energy intake) or satiation (cessation of energy intake) and regulate the human metabolism. The gastric accommodation reflex, which consists of a transient relaxation of the proximal stomach during food intake, has been identified as a major determinant of meal volume, through activation of tension‐sensitive gastric mechanoreceptors. Motilin, whose release is the trigger of gastric Phase 3, has been identified as the major determinant of return of hunger after a meal. In addition, the release of several peptide hormones such as glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), cholecystokinin as well as motilin and ghrelin contributes to gut‐brain signalling with relevance to control of hunger and satiety. A number of nutrients, such as bitter tastants, as well as pharmacological agents, such as endocannabinoid receptor antagonists and GLP‐1 analogues act on these pathways to influence hunger, satiation and food intake.ConclusionGastrointestinal mechanisms such as gastric accommodation and motilin release are key determinants of satiety and hunger.
Minima of classically scale-invariant potentials
Authors: Kannike Kristjan , Loos Kaius , Marzola Luca 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a new formalism to analyse the extremum structure of scale-invariant effective potentials. The problem is stated in a compact matrix form, used to derive general expressions for the stationary point equation and the mass matrix of a multi-field RG-improved effective potential. Our method improves on (but is not limited to) the Gildener-Weinberg approximation and identifies a set of conditions that signal the presence of a radiative minimum. When the conditions are satisfied at different scales, or in different subspaces of the field space, the effective potential has more than one radiative minimum. We illustrate the method through simple examples and study in detail a Standard-Model-like scenario where the potential admits two radiative minima. Whereas we mostly concentrate on biquadratic potentials, our results carry over to the general case by using tensor algebra.
Assessment of the potential vaping-related exposure to carbonyls and epoxides using stable isotope-labeled precursors in the e-liquid
Authors: Landmesser Anne , Scherer Max , Scherer Gerhard , Sarkar Mohamadi , Edmiston Jeffery S. , Niessner Reinhard , Pluym Nikola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe formation of carbonyls and epoxides in e-cigarette (EC) aerosol is possible due to heating of the liquid constituents. However, high background levels of these compounds have inhibited a clear assessment of exposure during use of ECs. An EC containing an e-liquid replaced with 10% of 13C-labeled propylene glycol and glycerol was used in a controlled use clinical study with 20 EC users. In addition, five smokers smoked cigarettes spiked with the described e-liquid. Seven carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, crotonaldehyde, methacrolein, propionaldehyde) were measured in the aerosol and the mainstream smoke. Corresponding biomarkers of exposure were determined in the user’s urine samples. 13C-labeled formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were found in EC aerosol, while all seven labeled carbonyls were detected in smoke. The labeled biomarkers of exposure to formaldehyde (13C-thiazolidine carboxylic acid and 13C-N-(1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonyl)glycine), acrolein (13C3-3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid) and glycidol (13C3-dihydroxypropylmercapturic acid) were present in the urine of vapers indicating an EC use-specific exposure to these toxicants. However, other sources than vaping contribute to a much higher extent by several orders of magnitude to the overall exposure of these toxicants. Comparing data for the native (unlabeled) and the labeled (exposure-specific) biomarkers revealed vaping as a minor source of user’s exposure to these toxicants while other carbonyls and epoxides were not detectable in the EC aerosol.
From bedside to bench—practical considerations to avoid pre-analytical pitfalls and assess sample quality for high-resolution metabolomics and lipidomics analyses of body fluids
Authors: Lehmann Rainer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe stability of lipids and other metabolites in human body fluids ranges from very stable over several days to very unstable within minutes after sample collection. Since the high-resolution analytics of metabolomics and lipidomics approaches comprise all these compounds, the handling of body fluid samples, and thus the pre-analytical phase, is of utmost importance to obtain valid profiling data. This phase consists of two parts, sample collection in the hospital (“bedside”) and sample processing in the laboratory (“bench”). For sample quality, the apparently simple steps in the hospital are much more critical than the “bench” side handling, where (bio)analytical chemists focus on highly standardized processing for high-resolution analysis under well-controlled conditions. This review discusses the most critical pre-analytical steps for sample quality from patient preparation; collection of body fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) to sample handling, transport, and storage in freezers; and subsequent thawing using current literature, as well as own investigations and practical experiences in the hospital. Furthermore, it provides guidance for (bio)analytical chemists to detect and prevent potential pre-analytical pitfalls at the “bedside,” and how to assess the quality of already collected body fluid samples. A knowledge base is provided allowing one to decide whether or not the sample quality is acceptable for its intended use in distinct profiling approaches and to select the most suitable samples for high-resolution metabolomics and lipidomics investigations.
Graphical abstract
Ancillary data from animal-borne cameras as an ecological survey tool for marine communities
Authors: Chapple T. K. , Tickler D. , Roche R. C. , Bayley D. T. I. , Gleiss A. C. , Kanive P. E. , Jewell O. J. D. , Jorgensen S. J. , Schallert R. , Carlisle A. B. , Pilly J. Sannassy , Andrzejaczek S. , Wikelski M. , Hussey N. E. , Block B. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderwater visual surveys represent an essential component of coastal marine research and play a crucial role in supporting the management of marine systems. However, logistical and financial considerations can limit the availability of survey data in some systems. While biologging camera tag devices are being attached to an increasing diversity of marine animals to collect behavioral information about the focal species, the ancillary imagery collected can also be used in analytical techniques developed for diver-based surveys. We illustrate this approach by extracting ancillary data from shark-borne camera tag deployments focused on the behavior of a White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) off Gansbaai, South Africa, and a Grey Reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) within the Chagos Archipelago. Within the giant kelp forest environment of Gansbaai we could determine the spatial density of kelp thali and underlying substrate composition. Within the coral reef environment, the animal-borne video allowed us to determine the approximate percent and type of benthic cover, as well as growth form and genus of corals down to the upper mesophotic zone. We also enumerated fish species-level abundance over reef flat and wall environments. We used established dive-survey methods to analyze video data and found the results to be broadly comparable in the two systems studied. Our work illustrates the broad applicability of ancillary animal-borne video data, which is analogous in type and quality to diver-based video data, for analysis in established marine community survey frameworks. As camera tags and associated biologging technologies continue to develop and are adapted to new environments, utilising these data could have wide-ranging applications and could maximise the overall cost–benefit ratio within biologging deployments.