bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peran European Women’s Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) dalam Mengkonstruksi Regime Kesetaraan Gender di Uni Eropa
Authors: Azizah Nur 
Published: July 2021

Keberhasilan Uni Eropa dalam mewujudkan tingkat kesetaraan gender yang tinggi, kemampuannya dalam menginisiasi kebijakan-kebijakan inovatif yang ramah terhadap perempuan, dan kepeloporannya dalam menyebarluaskan norma kesetaraan gender ke berbagai kawasan, merupakan hal yang menarik untuk diteliti. Keberhasilan ini merupakan sebuah “best practice” yang dapat menginspirasi kawasan-kawasan lainnya. Siapa aktor yang berperan dibalik keberhasilan ini ? Artikel ini akan menjelaskan tentang peran European Women’s Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) dalam mengkonstruksi regime kesetaraan gender di Uni Eropa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan studi literatur menggunakan data sekunder. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa advokasi yang dilakukan secara gencar dan terus menerus oleh European Women’s TANs telah berhasil mengkonstruksi regime gender yang efektif di Eropa sehingga mampu menghasilkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang ramah terhadap perempuan dan mewujudkan tingkat kesetaraan gender yang tinggi.
Simulation of Structure, Intensity and Track of Super Cyclone Amphan Using High Resolution WRF-ARW Model
Authors: Sarker MMA , Quadir DA , Rashid T , Ahasan MN , Shuvo SD , Meandad J , Rabbani KMG , Fariha TR 
Published: July 2021

Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated countries in the world with a density of about 1,265 persons per km2 having a limited land area with high development potential. Being able to accomplish noteworthy achievements in MDGs, Bangladesh is heading towards achieving the targets of the SDGs amid several challenges like high population, resource constraints, poverty etc. This study aims at addressing the challenges and prospect of increasing population density in achieving the SDGs. An exploratory approach has been applied to address how the density of population might influence the achievement of the SDGs. Data on population and other relevant parameters have been identified from census, published documents and articles. The current progress of SDGs attainment shows some of the goals are on track, but more progress could have been achieved unless being hindered by the high density of population. Feeding and providing the basic amenities to this huge population is quite a big challenge with limited resources, in contrast, optimum utilization of the demographic dividend by ensuring effective participation of the young active population in the current development process can also expedite the progress of attainment of SDGs. The adversities of the high density of population can essentially be offset by redistribution of urban population and decentralization of economic activities from major cities. Alongside appropriate and precise policy measures, comprehensive study on quantifying how the density of population is affecting the attainment of SDGs is recommended.
The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8(2), 2019, P 17-23
Modeling of Lightning Events using WRF-derived Microphysical Parameters
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Meandad Javed , Shuvo Saurav Dey , Kabir Alamgir 
Published: July 2021

Numerical simulation of lightning events in Bangladesh has been carried out by using Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Advanced Research Dynamic solver (WRF-ARW). Three major lightning events have been considered for the case study; Case_1, lightning occurrence in Netrokona district in March 24 2017, Case_2, lightning event in Barishal district in April 23 2017, and case_3, lightning event in Sherpur district in April 29, 2018. The model simulation was run in 9 km and 3 km of horizontal resolution using six hourly NCEP-FNL datasets. Yonsei University (YSU) PBL scheme, Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) long-wave scheme for radiation, and Kain-Fritsch cumulus parameterization scheme is used for this study. The obtained results from the simulation could reasonably capture the lightning condition of the atmosphere for all the three cases. The WRF simulation give reasonable agreement with the available observational data with some spatial and temporal variations, for example the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) values observed are 1299 J/Kg, 3150 J/kg, 1221 J/kg and CAPE values simulated are 1618 J/kg, 3275 J/kg and 1023 J/kg for case_1, case_2 and case_3 respectively. The regression analysis of the flash count with the microphysical parameters is also studied. It is found that there is strong correlation between the lightning flash counts with the microphysical parameters. This study will help to understand the lightning better and will help to design a better lightning forecasting system.
The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8(2), 2019, P 41-50
Predictors of Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Performance of Hemphill ICH Score and GVS Score
Authors: Islam Mahmudul , Hasan Mashfiqul , Mukherjee Sudipta Kumer , Naznin Jobaida , Islam Rafiqul , Hakim Maliha 
Published: July 2021

Background: The outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is gloomy. There are several scoring systems for predicting its outcome.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe the predictors of outcome in ICH patients and to assess the performance of ‘Hemphill ICH score’ and ‘GVS score’.
Methodology: This cohort study involved patients of ICH admitted within 72 hours of acute event in July to December 2017 in the Department of Neurology at National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS) & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Clinical and radiological data at admission and in-hospital events were obtained from medical records. Patients who were discharged from the hospital were interviewed at 30th day after event by face to face interview or over telephone. Follow up data was not found for 4 patients.
Results: This study involved 115 patients of ICH [median age 60 years (interquartile range, IQR 50-70); 46% (53/115) female]. In-hospital and 30-day mortality of the ICH patients was 22% (25/115: 95% CI 15-30%) and 38% (42/111; 95% CI 29–48%) respectively. There was almost perfect agreement between Hemphill ICH score and GVS score (p<0.001 and κ=0.862). Kaplan-Meier survival curves of patients with different Hemphill ICH scores revealed significant difference among them; which was also true for patients with different GVS scores (by log-rank test, p<0.001 for both). The area under the curve (AUC) for the Hemphill ICH score to predict mortality was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.60–0.80) and for the GVS score 0.74 (95% CI, 0.64–0.83). In bivariate logistic regression, NIHSS score, GCS score, blood glucose at admission, nosocomial pneumonia, ICH volume, midline shift along with both Hemphill ICH and GVS score were observed to predict mortality at 30 days (p<0.05 for all). In two separate models adjusting for blood glucose and nosocomial pneumonia, every 1-point increase in the Hemphill ICH score and GVS score increases the mortality risk by 2.35 fold (adjusted OR: 2.35; 95% CI 1.33-4.16; p=0.003) and 2.99 fold (adjusted OR: 2.99; 95% CI 1.57-5.72; p=0.001) respectively.
Conclusions: Both Hemphill ICH and GVS score have comparable predicting ability of outcome in ICH. In addition to components of scoring systems, occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia and blood glucose seems important.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 3-9
Evaluation of Child Development Centre Based Intervention for Children with Multiple Disability
Authors: Mahbub Mustafa , Rafiqa Humaira , Begum Dilara 
Published: July 2021

Background: Children with multiple disabilities usually have more than one significant disability that may include speech, physical mobility, learning, mental retardation, visual, hearing, and possibly others.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the types of multiple disabilities in children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy and their fate after the intervention.
Methodology: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Dhaka Shishu hospital from January 2011 to Decemberb2011.Children with multiple disabilities were referred to the child development center of Dhaka Shishu Hospital and were assessed for impairments and appropriate intervention done in special clinics.
Result: Out of 540 children 66% were male. 43% of children were age group from 12-23 months. 58% had tetraplegic cerebral palsy (CP) with epilepsy and the second-highest group was diplegic CP with epilepsy 75(14.0%). Among 72 selected children who came in regular follow up, all children had motor disabilities. Cognitive delay, speech delay, vision and hearing impairment were found in 50%, 79%, 58% and 54% respectively. After intervention more improvement was found in motor function (92%).
Conclusion: Intervention in specialized clinics improved the quality of life of children with multiple disability.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 38-41
Clinical Findings of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases among women in Reproductive Age
Authors: Laizu Ismat Ara , Banu Laila Anjuman , Fayez Fowzia Abul 
Published: July 2021

Background: Pelvic Inflammatory disease is a very common gynaecological condition among the women in reproductive age group.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to find out the clinical findings of Pelvic inflammatory diseases among the women during reproductive age group.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2008 to June 2009 for a period of one (01) and a half year. Women who were presented with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) attended at the OPD of gynecology Department at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh were selected as study population. Detailed clinical history of each patient was taken and thorough physical examination was performed.
Result: A total number of 300 cases were recruited. The mean age with SD was 30.3±9.57 years. Majority of the patients had tenderness in the lower abdomen which was 96(64.0%) cases. However, 152(50.7%) patients had vaginal discharge and 34(11.3%) patients had uterovaginal proplapse. However, cervical tear was present in 96(32.0%) cases and chronic cervicitis was present in 138(46.0%) cases.
Conclusion: In conclusion most common clinical feature is lower abdominal tenderness followed by vaginal discharge.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 52-55
Distributed Melt on a Debris-Covered Glacier: Field Observations and Melt Modeling on the Lirung Glacier in the Himalaya
Authors: Steiner Jakob F. , Kraaijenbrink Philip D. A. , Immerzeel Walter W. 
Published: July 2021

Debris-covered glaciers, especially in high-mountain Asia, have received increased attention in recent years. So far, few field-based observations of distributed mass loss exist and both the properties of the debris layer as well as the atmospheric drivers of melt below debris remain poorly understood. Using multi-year observations of on-glacier atmospheric data, debris properties and spatial surface elevation changes from repeat flights with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), we quantify the necessary variables to compute melt for the Lirung Glacier in the Himalaya. By applying an energy balance model we reproduce observed mass loss during one monsoon season in 2013. We show that melt is especially sensitive to thermal conductivity and thickness of debris. Our observations show that previously used values in literature for the thermal conductivity through debris are valid but variability in space on a single glacier remains high. We also present a simple melt model, which is calibrated based on the results of energy balance model, that is only dependent on air temperature and debris thickness and is therefore applicable for larger scale studies. This simple melt model reproduces melt under thin debris (&lt;0.5 m) well at an hourly resolution, but fails to represent melt under thicker debris accurately at this high temporal resolution. On the glacier scale and using only off-glacier forcing data we however are able to reproduce the total melt volume of a debris-covered tongue. This is a promising result for catchment scale studies, where quantifying melt from debris covered glaciers remains a challenge.
Feminizing Hormone Therapy Prescription Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Aging Transgender Individuals in Australia
Authors: Balcerek Matthew I. , Nolan Brendan J. , Brownhill Adam , Wong Peggy , Locke Peter , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Cheung Ada S. 
Published: July 2021

ContextThe safety and efficacy of feminizing hormone therapy in aging transgender (trans) individuals is unclear. Current recommendations suggest transdermal estradiol beyond the age of 45 years, especially if cardiometabolic risk factors are present.ObjectiveTo evaluate feminizing hormone therapy regimens and cardiovascular risk factors in aging trans individuals.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional analysis.SettingPrimary care and endocrine specialist clinic in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsTrans individuals on feminizing therapy for ≥6 months.Main Outcomes MeasuresFeminizing hormone regimens and serum estradiol concentrations by age group: (a) ≥45 years, (b) &lt;45 years, and prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals ≥45 years.Results296 individuals were stratified by age group: ≥45 years (n=55) and &lt;45 years (n=241). There was no difference in median estradiol concentration between groups (328 nmol/L vs. 300 nmol/L, p=0.22). However, there was a higher proportion of individuals ≥45 years treated with transdermal estradiol (31% vs. 8%, p&lt;0.00001). Of those treated with oral estradiol, the median dose was lower in the ≥45 years group (4mg vs. 6mg, p=0.01). The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factor in the ≥45 years group was hypertension (29%), followed by current smoking (24%), obesity (20%), dyslipidaemia (16%) and diabetes (9%).ConclusionsA greater proportion of trans individuals ≥45 years of age were treated with transdermal estradiol. Of those who received oral estradiol, the median dose was lower. This is important given the high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in this age group, however cardiovascular risk management guidelines in this demographic are lacking.
Development of a Machine Learning Classifier Based on Radiomic Features Extracted From Post-Contrast 3D T1-Weighted MR Images to Distinguish Glioblastoma From Solitary Brain Metastasis
Authors: de Causans Alix , Carré Alexandre , Roux Alexandre , Tauziède-Espariat Arnault , Ammari Samy , Dezamis Edouard , Dhermain Frederic , Reuzé Sylvain , Deutsch Eric , Oppenheim Catherine , Varlet Pascale , Pallud Johan , Edjlali Myriam , Robert Charlotte 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo differentiate Glioblastomas (GBM) and Brain Metastases (BM) using a radiomic features-based Machine Learning (ML) classifier trained from post-contrast three-dimensional T1-weighted (post-contrast 3DT1) MR imaging, and compare its performance in medical diagnosis versus human experts, on a testing cohort.MethodsWe enrolled 143 patients (71 GBM and 72 BM) in a retrospective bicentric study from January 2010 to May 2019 to train the classifier. Post-contrast 3DT1 MR images were performed on a 3-Tesla MR unit and 100 radiomic features were extracted. Selection and optimization of the Machine Learning (ML) classifier was performed using a nested cross-validation. Sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated as performance metrics. The model final performance was cross-validated, then evaluated on a test set of 37 patients, and compared to human blind reading using a McNemar’s test.ResultsThe ML classifier had a mean [95% confidence interval] sensitivity of 85% [77; 94], a specificity of 87% [78; 97], a balanced accuracy of 86% [80; 92], and an AUC of 92% [87; 97] with cross-validation. Sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy and AUC were equal to 75, 86, 80 and 85% on the test set. Sphericity 3D radiomic index highlighted the highest coefficient in the logistic regression model. There were no statistical significant differences observed between the performance of the classifier and the experts’ blinded examination.ConclusionsThe proposed diagnostic support system based on radiomic features extracted from post-contrast 3DT1 MR images helps in differentiating solitary BM from GBM with high diagnosis performance and generalizability.
CD4+ Memory Stem T Cell in Peripheral Blood: A Promising Immune Index for Early Screening and Auxiliary Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhang Qiaohong , Zhang Longyi 
Published: July 2021

Background and AimsColorectal cancer (CRC) lacks obvious symptoms in the early stage of the disease, making it is easy to be misdiagnosed and remain undetected. Here, we explored the role of CD4+ memory stem T cells (TSCM) in peripheral blood in the early screening and auxiliary diagnosis of CRC.Materials and MethodsPatients diagnosed with a “colorectal mass” by colonoscopy, at the Dongyang People’s Hospital (Zhejiang, China), between November 2020 and June 2021, were included in this prospective study. Using histopathological results as the gold standard for diagnosis, patients were divided into “CRC group” and “benign tumor group”. Healthy volunteers were recruited as “healthy controls.” Ten-color flow cytometry was used to detect CD4+ T cell subsets, and the results were analyzed using the Kaluza software. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) were detected by the Roche Cobas e 602 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer.ResultsThis study involved 33 patients with CRC, 41 patients with colorectal benign tumors, and 49 healthy volunteers. The absolute value and frequency of CD4+ TSCM can clearly distinguish colorectal cancer, benign tumors, and healthy controls. According to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the absolute value of CD4+ TSCM used to assist in the diagnosis of CRC was 0.758 (sensitivity: 0.612; specificity: 0.788), which is higher than the values for CEA (AUC: 0.707) and CA199 (AUC: 0.552). In early screening, the sensitivity of the absolute value of CD4+ TSCM (sensitivity: 0.612) was significantly higher than that of CEA (sensitivity: 0.333) and CA199 (sensitivity: 0.259).ConclusionCD4+ TSCM in peripheral blood may be a promising immune index for the early screening and auxiliary diagnosis of CRC.
Mental Health Self-Stigma of Syrian Refugees With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: Investigating Sociodemographic and Psychopathological Correlates
Authors: Bär Jonathan , Pabst Alexander , Röhr Susanne , Luppa Melanie , Renner Anna , Nagl Michaela , Dams Judith , Grochtdreis Thomas , Kersting Anette , König Hans-Helmut , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: July 2021

Background: The high prevalence of mental disorders related to posttraumatic stress among Syrian refugees is often in contrast with their low utilization of mental health care in the host countries. Mental health self-stigma, i.e., internalized stigma of having a mental disorder, could prevent individuals from seeking mental health care. Therefore, we aimed to provide evidence on different aspects of mental health self-stigmatization among adult Syrian refugees with posttraumatic stress symptoms residing in Germany. Moreover, we investigated associations with sociodemographic and psychopathological variables in order to identify those at higher risk of self-stigmatization.Material and Methods: Overall, 133 participants with mild to moderate posttraumatic stress symptoms were recruited in the metropolitan areas of Leipzig, Dresden and Halle, Germany, using a multimodal approach. Mental health self-stigma was assessed using the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale – Short Form (SSMIS-SF), consisting of four subscales (Stereotype awareness, Stereotype agreement, Application to self , Harm to self-esteem), each scoring from 5 (low) to 45 (high) points. Linear regression analysis was used to test associations of sociodemographic and psychopathological variables with self-stigma subscales.Results: On average, self-stigma ratings ranged from 16.5 (SD = 6.6) points on Application to self to 28.3 (SD = 7.5) points on Stereotype awareness. Results showed higher scores on Application to self for individuals who were younger (t = 2.65, p = 0.009) and single (F = 5.70, p = 0.004). Regression analyses yielded statistically significant associations between having multiple comorbidities and a higher Application to self stigma (β = 0.18, p = 0.044), controlling for sociodemographic covariates.Discussion: Mental health self-stigma was increased among Syrian refugees in Germany. Correlates of increased self-stigma could inform efforts to improve access to mental health care among Syrian refugees with mental ill-health. Longitudinal studies following an intersectional approach by concurrently examining multiple forms of public and internalized stigma could provide helpful insights for developing tailored stigma reduction efforts in this context.
Oxygen and Mortality in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Comparative Analysis of Supplemental Oxygen Policies and Health Outcomes Across 26 Countries
Authors: Mansab Fatma , Donnelly Harry , Kussner Albrecht , Neil James , Bhatti Sohail , Goyal Daniel K. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hypoxia is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, some countries have reduced access to supplemental oxygen, whereas other nations have maintained and even improved access to supplemental oxygen. We examined whether variation in the nationally determined oxygen guidelines had any association with national mortality rates in COVID-19.Methods: Three independent investigators searched for, identified, and extracted the nationally recommended target oxygen levels for the commencement of oxygen in COVID-19 pneumonia from the 29 worst affected countries. Mortality estimates were calculated from three independent sources. We then applied both parametric (Pearson's R) and non-parametric (Kendall's Tau B) tests of bivariate association to determine the relationship between case fatality rate (CFR) and target SpO2, and also between potential confounders and CFR.Results: Of the 26 nations included, 15 had employed conservative oxygen strategies to manage COVID-19 pneumonia. Of them, Belgium, France, USA, Canada, China, Germany, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, and the UK guidelines advised commencing oxygen when oxygen saturations (SpO2) fell to 91% or less. A statistically significant correlation was found between SpO2 and CFR both parametrically (R = −0.53, P &lt; 0.01) and non-parametrically (−0.474, P &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: Our study highlights the disparity in oxygen provision for COVID-19 patients between the nations analysed. In those nations that pursued a conservative oxygen strategy, there was an association with higher national mortality rates. We discuss the potential reasons for such an association.