bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis & characterization of nanostructure VO2 thin film
Authors: Ojha P K , Mishra S K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vanadium dioxides are strongly correlated systems which undergo an insulator-metal transition (IMT) from a low-temperature semiconducting phase to a high-temperature metallic phase. Among them, Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes IMT close to room temperature, accompanied by a structural transition resulting change of several orders of magnitude in the electrical and optical properties. Here, we present the synthesis of VO2 by sol-gel process which employs cost-effective precursors to synthesize pure phase of VO2 thin films. The synthesized thin films were characterized using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm phase purity and high resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM) to study the crystallite and particle size for the synthesized films. The film’s surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the valence state and chemical composition of vanadium dioxide.
Properties of nano Δ* open sets
Authors: Meena K , Dhivya J , Kalaiselvi R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article aims at introducing nano Δ* open sets in Nano Topological Spaces (NTS). The NTS are nothing but the spaces created in terms of equivalence relation which is derived from lower approximation, upper approximation and boundaries of a subset of a universal set. An elaborate study on various properties and characterizations of Nano Δ* open sets in relation with nano δ open sets and nano δg-kemel operator are explained in this article.
Computation of time-delay for Delayed Network Controlled Temperature Control System
Authors: Venkatachalam V , Ramasubramanian M , Thirumarimurugan M , Prabhakaran D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an Investigation on the stability of network controlled temperature control system having Time-Invariant feedback delays, by utilizing a direct method for TDS stability analysis. A PI controller based stability analysis for temperature control system with Time invariant feedback loop delay has been constructed in this paper. The stability problem has been formulated based on the transfer function model of the closed loop system with various time delays. For different subsets of the controller parameters, based on the stability criterion’s maximal permissible bound of the network link delay that the closed loop system can accommodate without losing the stability has been computed. The effectiveness of the obtained result was validated on a benchmark temperature control system using MATLAB simulation software.
Hybrid UNet Architecture based on Residual Learning of Fundus Images for Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Nagdeote Sushma , Prabhu Sapna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the new segmentation techniques for retinal blood vessels on fundus images. This technique aims at extracting thin vessels to reduce the intensity difference between thick and thin vessels. This paper proposes the modified UNet model by incorporating ResNet blocks into it which includes structured prediction. In this work we generate the visualization of blood vessels from retinal fundus image for two loss functions namely cross entropy loss and Dice loss where the network classifies several pixels simultaneously. The results shows higher accuracy by considering a much more expressive UNet algorithm and outperforms the past algorithms for Retinal Vessel Segmentation. The benefits of this approach will be demonstrated empirically.
Deep Learnt Features and Machine Learning Classifier for Texture classification
Authors: Mathu sudhanan S.R. , Priya K. , Uma Maheswari P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Texture classification plays a vital role in the emerging research field of image classification. This paper approaches the texture classification problem using significant features extracted from pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) like Alexnet, VGG16, Resnet18, Googlenet, MobilenetV2, and Darknet19. These features are classified by machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Ensemble, K Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), and Discriminant Analysis (DA). The performance of the work is evaluated with the texture databases namely KTH-TIPS, FMD, UMD-HR, and DTD. Among these CNN features derived from VGG16 classify by SVM provides better classification accuracy rather than using VGG16 with a softmax classifier.
Effect of Delay Approximation of various orders on the open loop response of a Delayed Process Model
Authors: Juneja P K , Sunori S K , Sharma A , Sharma A , Kumar P , Wilson I , Maurya S , Bhasin P 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn present analysis, response of a selected delayed first order process model is compared for various orders of approximation of dead time present in the transfer function model. Effect of different orders of approximation of dead time is analysed on the open loop step response of the system in terms of percentage change in original and dead time approximated system models. For this purpose, consistency parameter in a headbox of a paper machine is selected as a process model as it closely approximates to a first order delayed process model.
An Adaptive Frequency PLL Approach for Grid Connected Multifunctional Inverter for Residential Applications
Authors: Yada H K , Anumandla M R , Basha A A J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an adaptive frequency Phase locked loop (PLL) based approach for grid connected multifunctional inverter is presented for residential applications. The proposed control structure deals with non-linear loads and also non ideal grid voltages like magnitude variation, frequency variation, unbalance harmonics, etc. and can effectively address the DC offset in a voltage signal which in turn improves the power quality. A third order generalized integrator based PLL with adaptive frequency and DC offset elimination blocks will effectively deal with the power grid voltage fluctuations, frequency variations and eliminate the phase difference between PLL output. This approach is implemented as control algorithm for single-stage single-phase grid connected multifunctional inverter topology for PV applications which feeds energy to the grid. The Maximum Power Point Tracking is obtained by Perturb & Observe method for extracting maximum power from a Photovoltaic system. A detailed analysis with the proposed control technique is presented in this paper. Experimental tests are conducted at various operating conditions to describe and verify the performance of the proposed control using MATLAB / Simulink.
Comparative Analysis of Surface Mounted and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Low rating Power Application
Authors: Naik Supriya , Bag Baidyanath , Chandrasekaran K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper a comparative analysis is reported between Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet (SMPM) and Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Synchronous Motor for low Power rating application using ANSYS Software. In this study, a 0.55Kw, 220V rated Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with two different structures is considered. Here both electromagnetic (i.e. Air gap magnetic flux density) and electromechanical properties (i.e. torque) are considered for obtaining the target. In addition, Iron loss and is also involved for comparison. The results of the analysis were confirmed by Finite Element (FE) Analysis and were based on a simplified analytical model based on a given rating. Results obtained through this method, for validated with the result reported in the literature. Further modification is also done in the parameters and those results are also reported.
Improved fuzzy logic controller for cane juice extraction
Authors: Vasanthi A , Misra Yogesh , Murali Krishna P V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In current days Fuzzy logic plays auspicious role to provide so many choices for many applications which are system control. Fuzzy logic having no. of practical methodologies in soft computing. Sugar making industries are one of the applications using fuzzy logic controller. sugarcane juice extraction is an industry which is highly seasonable. If the supply of sugar cane is irregular then that reduces the efficiency of extractor from cane to mass producing sugar. So, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of extractor, which gives juice from cane billets. For that we must keep up the Donnelly height (or) level of cane is closed to 90cm. Where a methodology introduced to improve the three inputs controller with fuzzy is used to keep up the cane volume (or) level of Donnelly channel. For that cane level must and should always at 90cm. To limited that level (or) height of cane in chute (or) channel was developed by using of tool box in fuzzy logic designer, MATLAB software.
Gravimetric study and statistical data on the symbiotic effect of organic intermixtures on corrosion inhibition of P4 mold steel
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Ogaga Asamaige 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe corrosion protection properties of the intermixed of l-leucine and vanillin (LLVL) on P4 mold steel within 1.5 M H2SO4and HCl media was studied by weight loss analysis. Calculated data revealed the inhibition effect of the intermixed compound performed poorly at low H2SO4concentrations due to inability of the combined inhibitor molecules to aggregate and effectively hinder the dispersion of the destructive anions to the steel surface. The inhibition efficiency decreased significantly with time to values below effective inhibitor performance. However, from mid to optimum concentration, inhibition efficiency of the compound was generally stable with time with values generally above 85%. In HCl media, the inhibition efficiency of the intermixture was generally above 80% at all concentrations with respect to the inspection time. The inhibitor compound exhibited greater stability in HCl compared to H2SO4solution. Calculated values of standard deviation in H2SO4were broadly greater than the outputs received in HCl due to the degree of variation between LLVL inhibition efficiency values. The margin of error at 95% confidence shows 65% of LLVL inhibition efficiency values obtained in H2SO4solution have values above 70% inhibition efficiency with margin of error at +12.07% while in HCl solution, 100% of the LLVL inhibition efficiency data obtained is above 70% with margin of error of +1%. Analysis of variance showed the statistical relevance of inhibition efficiency in H2SO4and HCl solution is significantly higher the corresponding relevance for inspection time with values of 70.45% and 71.18%.
Numerical Investigation of M21 Aerofoil and Effect of Plain Flapper at Various Angle of Attack
Authors: Patel Vimal , Rathod Vikram , Patel Chirag 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aerofoil plays an important role in any structure moving in a fluid-like in a passenger plane, jet plane, or helicopter. The aerofoils decide whether the lift force is appropriate to balance the weight of the plane or not and the amount of drag force is required on the vehicle. The purpose of this project is to simulate the M21 Aerofoil with the help of FLUENT and validate it with theory. This Project also includes the study of various Flapper designs and their simulation. Flappers are useful when the Airplane is about to take-off or landing. The Important parameters to be study are Lift Force, Drag Force, lift coefficient, and Drag coefficient. Simulation has been done for the different Angle of Attack which is useful for finding maximum Lift force and Stall Angle. The Work includes simulation of Plain Flapper for the Angle of Attack where CL/CD is maximum. Similar work can be done for different types of Flapper used in Airplane. The stall angle achieved for M21 was 24° and maximum value of CL/CD measured at 7° A.O.A. Investigation also shows that for the 10° plain flap angle highest drag and lift force was possible. It contains the study of the Adverse Yaw effect which rolls the Airplane while taking a turn. since the validity of any theoretical prediction can only be assessed in practice.
Assessment of stress state and dynamic characteristics of plane and spatial structure
Authors: Urazmukhamedova Z. , Juraev D. , Mirsaidov M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study is devoted to the assessment of the stress state and dynamic characteristics of various structures. The actual task at the design stage is to determine the parameters of a structure. In this article, a mathematical model was developed for assessing the stress state and dynamic characteristics of plane and spatial structures based on the Lagrange variational equation using the d’Alembert principle. The variational problem for the structures considered by the finite element method leads to the solution of nonhomogeneous algebraic equations or to the solution of algebraic eigenvalue problems. To assess the adequacy of the model and the accuracy of the numerical results obtained, a plane and spatial test problem with an exact solution was solved. Using the proposed model, the eigenfrequencies and modes of oscillations of the gravitational and earth dams (296 m high) of the Nurek reservoir were investigated. At that, it was revealed that in the natural modes of vibration of earth dams, the greatest displacements under low frequencies are observed at the crest part or at the middle of the slopes.
Rubber tapping machine performance and procedure
Authors: Kohli Anirudh , Hombalmath Mahesh , Patil Arun Y , Kotturshettar B B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rubber tapping is a rubber latex extraction process which has to be done early morning in order to satisfy cool climate for latex flow. It is a tedious process which takes great work force and man-hour it has to be done with great accuracy. It is a great necessity for an automated or mechanized tapping to cope with the market requirement. So it is required to design a Rubber tapping machine which should be affordable to small planters.
Effect of loading rate on tensile and fracture behavior of AA2050-T84 alloy at high temperature
Authors: Ekabote Nagaraj , Kodancha Krishnaraja G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
AA2050-T84 alloy is commonly used in the fabrication of modern commercial aircraft wing parts. Load and temperature variation during aircraft take-off, flight, and landing at different environmental conditions is substantial. Mechanical properties variation of AA2050-T84 alloy at sub-zero and room temperatures are significant and well documented in the literature. In the present work, at a high temperature of 200°C, the effect of load rate variation on tensile and fracture properties of AA2050-T84 alloy are experimentally and numerically studied. The load rates represented in strain rates were applied at 0.01, 0.1, and 1s−1. Experimental tensile tests exhibited the positive strain rate dependency on the yield and ultimate strength of the alloy. 2D numerical elastic-plastic fracture analysis was carried out using Abaqus 6.14. Similar to tensile results, the fracture parameters dependency on strain rates was witnessed. Overall, higher strain rate causes the increased susceptibility of fracture failure with the increase in yield stress of the material.
Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Sandwich Beams under Hygrothermal Conditions
Authors: Garg A , Gupta S , Chalak HD 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In present work, an attempt has been made for carrying out free vibration and buckling analysis of laminated sandwich beams under hygrothermal conditions. The analysis is carried out using fourth order zigzag theory based on finite element formulation. The efficiency of proposed model is validated by comparing the present results with those available in literature. Geometric properties and loading condition widely affect the behavior of the laminated sandwich beams.
Thermal properties of epoxy nanoclay composite materials
Authors: Dandapani  , Devendra K , Revennasiddappa  , Girish S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Composite materials are an emerging topic for research as a new competitive material in engineering. New classes of composite material manufactured from particles, nanoparticles and resins, and have experienced efficient and economical for the development and also replacement of new as well as deteriorating structures. In this study epoxy-nanoclay composite materials with varying compositions of nanoclay compared with pure epoxy and epoxy with 10, 20, and 30 by weight fraction of nanoclay are prepared for better insulating materials. The various thermal properties of the material were analyzed to demonstrate that the the prepared composite is a good insulator. An increase in specific heat maximum by 11.26%, thermal stability by 58.82% results in decrease in thermal conductivity maximum by 25.65%, diffusivity to 46.8% and also co-efficient of thermal expansion with an increase in nanoclay proportion is observed. DSC, TGA and TMA are used for determining the thermal properties. SEM and EDS analysis were used to show homogeneous mixture of epoxy and nanoclay.
Structural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Corroded Column
Authors: Usha Rani M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Worldwide in the construction industry uses reinforced cement concrete. The different types of structures which were built using reinforced cement concrete served for long period. But due to faulty design, improper quality control and corrosion of reinforcement there are notable premature failure and subsequently sudden collapse of the structure occurs. The presence of aggressive medium such as moisture and chloride ions are the main factors which are induces the steel corrosion. The cost involves for repairing the corroded structure escalate very rapidly which leads property loss to the people, if the problem is not corrected. Columns are the main structural members of R.C bridges when exposed to de-icing salt they are more vulnerable to steel reinforcement corrosion. The thorough knowledge about the corrosion can get only by proper investigation. This experimental work mainly focuses on structural behaviour R.C columns subjected to steel corrosion. Columns with two different size were cast and accelerated corrosion was induced. Structural behaviour of the columns were studied with axial load test and compared with conventional specimen. The ultimate load carrying capacity, axial strain, energy absorption capacity were reduced in all the corroded columns
Computational Investigation of Micro-channel Heat Sink with Rectangular Shape Obstacles
Authors: Wadekar P M , Shinde A B , Patil V B , Kulkarni P D. , Kengar P V , Jadhav S.V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nowadays a lot of interest is given to the geometrical modification of heat sink systems to cool down the electronic components. To improve the performance index of the heat sinks, the use of geometrical features with different shapes and at different locations on the surface can be a valuable approach. In this paper, the effect of rectangular shape obstacles on the micro channel heat sink (MCHS) performance is studied. Due to surface features, vortex is developed which helps to increase the heat transfer rate. Numerical modeling software Comsol Multiphysics with heat transfer in fluid physics is used to investigate the characteristics of a micro-channel heat sink. The numerical result shows that the heat transfer rate can be improved through an appropriate arrangement of rectangular shape obstacles, on the heat sink. Numerical analysis and the comparison is carried out for micro-channel heat sink with and without obstacles. In this paper, various parameters like temperature rise, cell Peclet number and Mean effective thermal conductivity are studied.
Investigations on the Stability of a Two-Wheeled Vehicle with a Tendency to Topple Sideways
Authors: Sidharth R , Pranav V K , Nitheesh Kumar G , Sreedharan Pramod , Gayathri G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two-wheeled vehicles are the most commonly used means of transportation. Every day many unspoken tragedies are happening on the roads that kill the hope of many families. The primary cause of this is the inherent instability of the two-wheeled vehicle. In this paper, the precession effect of the gyroscope is used to prevent the sideway toppling of the bicycle. When the bicycle begins to tilt, the torque created by the gyroscope’s precession effect is applied to the gimbal, and the ensuing reaction moment keeps the bicycle upright. The movements of a bicycle with a gimbal placed on the bottom are measured, and a three-dimensional model with a sliding mode controller is created and simulated.
Determination of Corrosion Resistance Properties of Al-Sio2 Composite Material
Authors: Velavan K , MuthuKrishnan T , Srinivasan T , Sethuvelappan P , Ramanan N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Al-Sio2 Composite work are widely used in engineering application in automotive industry in india and other countries. The Al-Sio2 composite has been mainly used on high corrosion resistance material. The material used as a high thermal application also. Example boiler shield and engine shield also. The main performance of Al-Sio2 material used in a corrosion resistance properties. Because the aluminum composite material when goes to the heat treatment application. The material was meeting in corrosion. In this way engineering industry was affected. So we are currently focused the work corrosion resistance application. In this work we have used for the Al-Sio2 material was reinforced in aluminum 6061 material. The material was developed by stir casting method. The method the stirrer was run by 2000 RPM. And the material was molten by 550 degree temperature. That time the Al-Sio2 powder was dropped by the molten metals. Hence the composite now formed by Al-Sio2 composite material. After that we have checked by the SEM fractures and XRD measurement and other material properties also and also fracture surface of the materials. Finally we have concluded the result of work also.
Ex Situ Tribological and Electro-chemical analysis of Aluminium
Authors: Pratapa Y Reddy , Narayana K L , Kedar Mallik M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aluminium sample coupon is evaluated for electro-chemical, tribological and microstructural study under selected test conditions. Aluminium is a light-weight material chiefly preferred in fields like automobile, aerospace, marine and satellite domestic appliances etc. Moreover, due to its specific characteristics, it plays a crucial role in industries and research fields. In the present work, the ex situ tribological (wear test), electrochemical (corrosion test), mechanical (microhardness test) and microstructural (nodularity percentage) behaviours of Aluminum sample is presaged. The test results reveal that, when experiment advance, with respect to time the wear rate increases, frictional force is decreased and pin temperature increased. The corrosion test is held on specimen coupon in two modes, before and after wear test, and observed that the corrosion rate gets improved on specimen after wear test. Nodularity analysis also express that the nodularity percentage is increased by 5%. Before wear test, the percentage of accepted count to total count of nodules on texture is 65.18%, while the percentage after wear test is found to be 70.29%. The Vickers Microhardness analysis exhibits the hardness value as 160 HV on Vickers Hardness Scale.