bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Lumbricus rubellus Extract Toward Interleukin-10 and Immunoglobulin E and Atopic Dermatitis Scoring Index (SCORAD)
Authors: Tabri Farida , Bayasari Pipim Septiana , Nurdin Rosani Sri Camelia , Anwar Anis Irawan , Adriani Anni , Ilyas Farida 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by severe pruritic symptoms and chronic AD related to clinical features in form of lichenification associated with a history of atopic disease both for himself and family.

AIM: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using earthworm extract (Lumbricus rubellus) to increase interleukin (IL)-10 and decrease immunoglobulin E (IgE), and to describe the AD (SCORAD) scoring index of patients with AD.

METHODS: This research used quantitative with quasi experiment method. The data were analyzed using SPSS v19 program. To determine the basic characteristics of numerical variables, the mean standard deviation is functioned if the data distribution amount is even, if it is not, it used the median. Meanwhile, to observe the relationship between L. rubellus extract and IgE, Mann-Whitney test analysis (U-Test) was used.

RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that the administration of L. rubellus extract showed a changes and differences before and after being involved with the extract. IgE levels between ERL and no ERL groups had differences (p < 0.05), however on day 15 both groups did not show any differences. Meanwhile, the SCORAD index indicated that the influence of lumbricus rebellus extract has an effect on low number of AD patients.

CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the administration of L. rubellus extract in patients with AD is quite effective.
Long-term Risk of Heart Failure and Other Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Guoli , Yafasova Adelina , Baslund Bo , Faurschou Mikkel , Schou Morten , Shams-Eldin Abdulrahman N. , Kristensen Søren Lund , Weeke Peter E. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Fosbøl Emil L. , Køber Lars , Butt Jawad H. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the long-term rates of heart failure (HF) and other adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) compared with the general population.MethodsUsing Danish nationwide registries, patients with newly diagnosed GPA were identified and matched 1:4 by age, sex, and comorbidities with subjects from the general population. Outcomes were compared using Cox regression. Due to violation of the proportional hazard assumption, landmark analyses for the first year and from 1 year were performed.ResultsOf the 1923 patients with GPA, 1781 patients (median age 59 yrs, 47.9% men) were matched with 7124 subjects from the general population. The median follow-up was 6.4 years. The absolute 10-year risk of HF was 6.8% (95% CI 5.5–8.2%) for patients with GPA and 5.9% (5.3–6.6%) for the general population. During the first year after diagnosis, GPA was associated with a significantly higher rate of HF (hazard ratio [HR] 3.60, 95% CI, 2.28–5.67) and other adverse outcomes, including atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR 6.50, 95% CI 4.43–9.55) and ischemic stroke (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.92–5.48), compared with the general population. After the first year, GPA was not associated with higher rates of HF or other CV outcomes compared with the general population, except atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12-1.70).ConclusionDuring the first year after diagnosis, the rates of HF and other CV outcomes were higher in patients with GPA compared with the general population. However, after the first year, the rates of HF and other CV outcomes, except atrial fibrillation/flutter, were similar to those in the general population.
L’évolution de l’agenda de privatisation des retraites : le rôle joué par les pressions budgétaires et la doctrine de la Banque mondiale
Authors: Orenstein Mitchell 
Published: November 2021

De 1981 à 2004, plus de trente pays ont remplacé, entièrement ou en partie, leurs régimes publics de retraite par répartition par des systèmes fondés sur des comptes d’épargne individuels privés. Mais, en 2005, la privatisation des retraites s’est brutalement arrêtée. Après la crise de 2008, certains des pays qui avaient privatisé leurs systèmes de retraite ont rétrogradé, voire ont supprimé les comptes individuels. La privatisation des retraites est-elle morte ? Et si oui, pourquoi ? Cet article tente de déterminer si des facteurs budgétaires ou idéologiques – en particulier les débats suscités au sein de la Banque mondiale par les échecs de la privatisation des retraites – ont suspendu la privatisation des retraites au niveau mondial. Il avance que les réseaux politiques transnationaux ont fait évoluer leur doctrine en se fondant sur l’expérience et ont mis l’accent sur des pensions minimums et des mesures incitatives plutôt que sur des épargnes retraites obligatoires, afin de sauver la privatisation des retraites.
Illettrisme financier et rationalité de l’épargnant sur le marché boursier
Authors: Arrondel Luc 
Published: November 2021

Cet article revient sur les différents aspects du concept de « littératie financière » : politique, théorique, méthodologique et empirique. Les débats et les enjeux sur la culture économique sont apparus au début des années 2000. La recherche académique sur la finance des ménages s’est alors emparée du sujet en s’appuyant sur l’économie psychologique. Se pose alors la question de la mesure de la littératie financière : Big Three ou autres. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous utilisons des données récentes collectées en France (l’enquête FLIP : Financial LIteracy et Patrimoine). La partie comportementale s’intéresse à l’énigme de la participation sur le marché des actions, en étudiant le lien entre littératie financière et demande d’actifs risqués. La préconisation de plus en plus forte à développer des programmes d’éducation financière afin de pallier la faiblesse de la littératie pose alors la question de leur efficacité.
The American Frontier, Masculine Nationalism and Touristic Imaginaries: Sight-Marking Literature on Daniel Boone in the Long Nineteenth-Century
Authors: Datta Nilak 
Published: November 2021

Cet article examine le rôle des marqueurs hors-champs dans la création d’anticipations touristiques sur la frontière trans-Alléghénienne à travers l’étude de cas de Daniel Boone au moment où son statut culturel passe d’explorateur à héros national. Des artefacts imprimés comme la littérature « boosterist », les romans, les peintures, les biographies ont produit cette transformation et ont favorisé un sentiment de nationalisme « masculin » inscrit dans la création d’imaginaires touristiques sur la frontière trans-Alléghénienne. Cet article est une analyse des artefacts culturels qui ont fait de Daniel Boone le repère le plus reconnu de l’histoire des pionniers, et participe donc à révéler les imaginaires touristiques, enracinés dans le nationalisme « masculin », en jeu dans l’histoire de la frontière américaine.
Do South Asian women with menopausal symptoms have access to optimal therapy?
Authors: Abhayaratna S. A. , Pinidiyapathirage J. 
Published: November 2021

Background Menopausal symptoms can have a significant impact on a woman's quality of life. Information on availability of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in National Essential Medicines Lists (NEMLs) of South Asian (SA) countries has not been widely studied. Objective To review the availability of non-injectable MHT included in NEMLs of SA countries and to assess differences in availability compared to the recommended MHT preparations in the World Health Organization (WHO) model essential medicines list and the list of MHT available to women of a developed country in the Asia Pacific Region, while comparing with the healthcare expenditure and country's economic status. Methods Most recent NEMLs were obtained from all eight SA counties by visiting the Ministry of health/regulatory website of the respective country. Latest WHO model essential medicines list and Pharmaceuticals Benefits Scheme (PBS) schedule from Australia were obtained from the WHO and PBS websites respectively. Per capita health expenditure was obtained from The WHO Global Health Expenditure Database. Two investigators extracted the non-injectable MHT preparations independently from NEMLs and conducted the comparison. Results Except in two countries, in all other SA coun­tries NEMLs were updated within the preceding five years. According to available data, seven SA countries had at least one separate preparation of oestrogen suitable for MHT while all countries had a separate progesterone preparation suitable for MHT. The oestrogen preparations available in the SA NEMLs were limited to either ethinyl estradiol or conjugated oestrogen tablets whilst in the WHO model, oestrogen preparations were not specified. In Australia, estradiol tablets were the only available oral oestrogen while there were four more different dosage forms of oestrogens available through the PBS Scheme. Progesterone preparations found in SA countries, WHO list and PBS schedule were similar, but oestrogen progesterone combination MHT preparations were only available in the PBS schedule. Per capita health expenditure was much higher in Australia compared to SA countries where a wide variation was observed. Conclusions The available evidence suggests that a larger population of SA women have access only to a very limited number of options if in need of MHT. In contrast, importance of MHT is highlighted in PBS Schedule. Although per capita health expenditure was low in SA countries, given that MHT products are relatively low cost and that there is a large proportion of women in menopausal age in this region, it would be imperative to update the WHO model list and NEMLs of SA countries to address the growing need of safe MHT and to improve the quality of life of postlnenopausal women in our region.
ISAR Consensus Guidelines on Safety and Ethical Practices in In vitro Fertilization Clinics
Authors: Malhotra Jaideep , Malhotra Keshav , Talwar Pankaj , Kannan Priya , Singh Prabhakar , Kumar Yogesh , Chimote Nishad , Joshi Charudutt , Bawle Sachin , Agarwal R. B. , Agarwal Saroj , Prakash Ved , Awasthi Pooja , Shukla Sanjay , Prakash Ram , Adiga Satish Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Study Question:
What are the Safe and Ethical practices for ART applicable in INDIA?

What is Already Known:
The Indian IVF industry is booming; with mushrooming of assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in the country, the need for regulation is immense. The ISAR has taken up this initiative to lead the way forward in establishing practice guidelines for the safe and ethical use of ARTs in our country. These guidelines discuss the points to consider before the starting of an IVF unit, to the designing of the laboratory, the staffing pattern and experience recommendations, laboratory safety guidelines, documentation and patient traceability, gamete traceability, handling biological material, the consumables and media, and different consents and checklists and also propose key performance indicators for the Indian scenario.

Study Design, Size, Duration:
This is the report of a 2-day consensus meeting where two moderators were assigned to a group of experts to collate information on safe and ethical ivf practices in INDIA. This meeting utilised surveys, available scientific evidence and personal laboratory experience into various presentations by experts on pre-decided specific topics.

Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods:
Expert professionals from ISAR representing clinical and embryology fields.

Main Results and the Role of Chance:
The report is divided in various components including the regulations, the various requirements for an ART center, qualifications and trainings, recommendations on good practices and quality management: the report and recommendations of the expert panel reflect the discussion on each of the topics and try to lay down good practice points for labs to follow.

Limitations, Reasons for Caution:
The recommendations are solely based on expert opinion. Future availability of data may warrant an update of the same.

Wider Implications of the Findings:
These guidelines can help labs across the country to standardise their ART services and improve clinical outcomes.

Study Funding/Competing Interest(S):
The consensus meeting and writing of the paper was supported by funds from CooperSurgical India.
Evaluation of Upper Lip Bite Test and Thyromental Height Test for Prediction of Difficult Laryngoscopy
Authors: Bhanushali Alpesh , Date Aparna 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims:
Unanticipated difficult laryngoscopy (DL) can cause life-threatening complications in the operation theatre, intensive care unit and emergency department. Various screening tests have been developed to predict DL. While modified Mallampati test (MMT) is the most commonly used one, it has poor sensitivity. Upper lip bite test (ULBT) and thyromental height test (TMHT) have been shown to be more reliable in predicting DL. The aim of this study was to compare the three tests and evaluate whether a combination of ULBT and TMHT would show better accuracy in predicting DL.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 109 adult patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were assessed using the MMT, ULBT and TMHT before surgery. The required sample size for the study was calculated using the Fisher Z test. The three tests, and a combination of ULBT with TMHT, were compared for their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy in predicting DL.

Results:
The accuracy of MMT, ULBT, TMHT and ULBT + TMHT in predicting DL was found to be 81.65%, 86.23%, 97.24% and 95.41%, respectively. MMT exhibited the lowest sensitivity and had the highest number of false negatives. TMHT exhibited the best accuracy and sensitivity, with the lowest number of false negatives. A combination of ULBT and TMHT did not improve the PPV in the sample tested.

Conclusion:
TMHT was found to be the best test for predicting DL, and its combination with ULBT did not improve the accuracy.
Comparison of efficacy & safety of iron polymaltose complex & ferrous ascorbate with ferrous sulphate in pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia
Authors: Chavan Suyash , Rana Proteesh , Tripathi Reva , Tekur Uma 
Published: November 2021

Background & objectives:
Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a common nutritional deficiency among pregnant women in India. It has a significant impact on the health of the mother as well as that of the foetus. IDA generally responds well to treatment with oral iron supplementation. However, oral iron supplements are toxic to the gastrointestinal mucosa and intolerance is common, resulting in poor compliance and failure of treatment. The iron salts such as iron hydroxide polymaltose complex (IPC) and ferrous ascorbate (FeA) are claimed to have low gastrointestinal intolerance, therefore better patient compliance than the conventionally used ferrous sulphate (FS). These preparations also claim to increase haemoglobin level faster as well as improve the iron storage better than FS. This study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of FS with IPC and FeA.

Methods:
It was a randomized, parallel, open label, study among pregnant women of gestational age between 12 to 26 wk with moderate anaemia. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either FS, IPC or FeA. They were then followed up for 90 days to observe for improvement in the haemoglobin levels and other haematological parameters or any adverse drug reaction.

Results:
The haemoglobin levels were comparable in the three groups except at day 90 when FeA group had significantly higher haemoglobin level as compared to FS group (P<0.05). The overall adverse effect profiles were also comparable among the study groups except epigastric pain which was more commonly reported in the FS group.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results of the study showed that FS, IPC and FeA have comparable efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of IDA of pregnancy.
Epidemiology & attributing factors for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Palo Subrata Kumar , Swain Subhasisha , Chowdhury Sayantan , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: November 2021

Background & objectives:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in developing countries, however, evidence from some geographical areas of India is scantly available on its risk factors. Other than diabetes and hypertension, several personal and environmental factors are also associated with CKD.

Methods:
A population-based case–control study was conducted over a period of 12 months in two high CKD reporting districts of Odisha, India. A total of 236 participants, 1:2 age- and sex-matched cases (83):controls (153), were included. Various factors were modelled with univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression and analyzed using the Bayesian method in STATA SE v.12.

Results:
Among the study cases, about 81 per cent were male and about 25 per cent were aged <40 yr. CKD-associated risk factors were hypertension for more than five years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=4.24; 95% credible interval: 1.23-10.05], scheduled tribe/caste (aOR=2.81; 1.09-5.95), use of tube well/bore well water for drinking (aOR=1.21; 1.02-1.43), consumption of locally made alcohol (aOR=1.09; 1.02-1.17) and eating red meat and vegetarian diet with (aOR=1.24; 1.12-1.39) and (aOR=1.09; 1.04-1.14), respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The presence of CKD among younger age groups and association of multiple factors including personal and environmental suggest for more research to establish the cause and effect relation of these factors.
Comparative study of endometrial & subendometrial angiogenesis in unexplained infertile versus normal fertile women
Authors: Singh Monisha , Acharya Neema , Shukla Samarth , Shrivastava Deepti , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: November 2021

Background & objectives:
Local angiogenesis in endometrium has been shown to be an essential pre-requisite for endometrial receptivity needed for implantation and gestation. Recently, numerous diagnostic gears have been projected to ‘measure’ or ‘estimate’ the endometrial receptivity relying upon angiogenic factors helping throughout implantation. This study evaluated the endometrial and subendometrial blood flow and the local endometrial gland vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) expression as markers of local angiogenesis.

Methods:
The present study was done to give quantitative assessment of endometrial thickness (ET), endometrial blood flow and subendometrial blood flow colour Doppler indices with endometrial vascular zones. Endometrial biopsy was taken and with VEGF stained and scored with immunohistochemistry.

Results:
The mean ET for fertile women was 9.41 mm, while in unexplained infertile women it was around 7.90 mm. Upon comparison of ET with EG-VEGF which is considered as a gold standard with correlation coefficient, the present study suggested a positive correlation of EG-VEGF with ET, endometrial pulsatility index (PI), and subendometrial PI also the vascular zones were considered as significant. However, a strong negative correlation was seen with subendometrial resistivity index and PI.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present study suggests that uterine ultrasound, uterine colour Doppler and EG-VEGF are parameters which can be used as markers of local angiogenesis for endometrial receptivity in the evaluation of women with unexplained infertility.
Truenat™ - micro real-time-polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis at minimal resource settings
Authors: Rajamani M. , Maile Anwesh , Sugunan A.P. , Vijayachari P. 
Published: November 2021

Background & objectives:
The biological spectrum of leptospirosis ranges from acute undifferentiated febrile illness to severe fatal syndrome or a combination of syndromes. Diagnosis on clinical grounds alone is difficult and depends on laboratory support. However, no confirmatory tests are available, which is rapid and can be performed with minimum facilities available. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic utility, accuracy and reproducibility of a rapid real time-PCR based method (Truenat™) for early diagnosis of leptospirosis, and its usage in low resource settings.

Methods:
The Truenat™ test was performed using plasma sample collected from confirmed patients and controls. DNA was extracted from plasma samples and the reaction was performed as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Leptospiral isolates were also used to assess the performance using different serovars.

Results:
Evaluation of the Truenat™ test with RT-PCR as the gold standard showed that Truenat™ had a sensitivity of 97.4 per cent and a specificity of 98.6 per cent. The overall agreement with RT-PCR was 98.2 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that the test would be a useful tool for early diagnosis of leptospirosis in settings with minimal facilities and the test results could be obtained within an hour. This indicates that a specific therapy can be instituted during the early phase of the disease even at peripheral healthcare facilities as well during the outbreaks.
Cost-effectiveness of incorporating Mycobacterium indicus pranii vaccine to multidrug therapy in newly diagnosed leprosy cases for better treatment outcomes & immunoprophylaxis in contacts as leprosy control measures for National Leprosy Eradication Programme in India
Authors: Muniyandi Malaisamy , Singh Malkeet , Singh Manjula , Rajshekhar Kavitha , Katoch Kiran 
Published: November 2021

Background & objectives:
The elimination goal for leprosy as a public health problem at the national level was achieved in 2005 in India. However, the number of new cases reporting annually remained nearly the same during the last 10-15 years. Moreover, a substantial number of these new cases reported disabilities for the first time. Therefore, besides multidrug therapy (MDT), newer strategies with focus on effectively decreasing the number of new cases, optimizing the treatment of detected cases, averting disabilities and arresting the transmission of the disease are required. So the objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) vaccine implementation in National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) for newly diagnosed leprosy patients as well as their contacts to arrest/decrease the transmission and occurrence of new cases.

Methods:
This was a model-based estimation of incremental costs, total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, new cases averted, deaths averted, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and budget impact of the vaccination intervention. This model included the addition of MIP treatment intervention to the newly detected leprosy patients as well as vaccination with MIP to their contacts.

Results:
Using the societal perspective, discounted ICER was estimated to be

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-202107000-00018/math_18MM1/v/2022-09-30T185838Z/r/image-tiff

73,790 per QALY gained over a five-year time period. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was assessed by varying the values of input parameters. Majority (96%) of simulations fell in North East quadrant of cost-effectiveness plane, which were all below the willingness to pay threshold.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Introduction of MIP vaccination in the NLEP appears to be a cost-effective strategy for India. Significant health gains were reduction in the number of new leprosy cases, decreased incidence and severity of reactions during treatment, and after release from treatment, prevention of disabilities, thus reducing the cost as well as stigma of the disease.