bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piece-wise linear regression: A new approach to predict COVID-19 spreading
Authors: Senapati Apurbalal , Maji Soumen , Mondal Arunendu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the most rapidly evolving global emergency since March 2020 and one of the most exercised topics in all aspects of the world. So far there are numerous articles that have been published related to COVID-19 in various disciplines of science and social context. Since from the very beginning, researchers have been trying to address some fundamental questions like how long it will sustain when it will reach the peak point of spreading, what will be the population of infections, cure, or death in the future. To address such issues researchers have been used several mathematical models from the very beginning around the world. The goal of such predictions is to take strategic control of the disease. In most of the cases, the predictions have deviated from the real data. In this paper, a mathematical model has been used which is not explored earlier in the COVID-19 predictions. The contribution of the work is to present a variant of the linear regression model is the piece-wise linear regression, which performs relatively better compared to the other existing models. In our study, the COVID-19 data set of several states of India has been used.
Adopting Sustainable Farming: Implications of Renewable Energy and ICT
Authors: Dash S. , Choudhury S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Contemporary sustainable farming balances higher productivity with a focus on green technological intervention. The green intervention such as renewable energy and information communication technology (ICT) though have been widely accepted by other sectors, farming community yet to yield the dividend from these two tools. In this paper, a modified technology acceptance model has been presented with a focus towards the adoptability of actual sustainable farming. Further, a success story of sustainable farming with the intervention of ICT is discussed. Finally, interdependency of renewable energy and ICT is elaborated with a focus to formulate a generalized theme towards feasibility of actual sustainability farming is presented.
Saliency Detection in Text Documents using Policy-Driven Reinforcement Learning Methodologies
Authors: Meena Gaurav , Choudhary Sarika , Choudhary Ravi Raj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the amount of information grows, it is challenging to find concise information. Thus it is necessary to build a system that could present human quality summaries. Saliency detection is a tool that provides abstracts or keywords of a given document. In this paper, three different approaches have been implemented for saliency detection. In all these three approaches, sentences are represented as a feature vector. In the first approach, features like root words, vocabulary intersections, words, and inclusion of numerical data use. This model is trained by using general Algorithms, Like Porter’s Stemmer, Spell check. In the second approach, apart from the features used in the first approach, TF-IDF scores, Mean, Standard Deviation, and a Threshold value of a word is also used as features. In the third approach, Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR) algorithm is used to generate a summary.
Comparison of NMOS and PMOS Input Driving Dynamic Comparator in 45nm Technology
Authors: Hussain S , Kumar R , Trivedi G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A comparison of NMOS and PMOS input driving dynamic comparator is carried out in 45nm technology. NMOS driving dynamic comparator shows lesser delay and consumes less power as compared to PMOS driving comparator. The advantage of the later is the noise immunity at higher frequencies. The normalized energy-noise-delay-product (ENDP) for NMOS dynamic comparator and PMOS dynamic comparator is 2.08 and 4.48, respectively.
Sentiment analysis and prediction of Indian stock market amid Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Gondaliya Chetan , Patel Ajay , Shah Tirthank 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Outbreak and spread of the Covid-19 pandemic have touched to the core of our sentiments. Indian stock market has seen a roller coaster ride so far this year amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Sentiments have turned out to be a significant influence on the movement of the Indian stock market and pandemic has only added more steam. This study with the limelight on the Covid-19 pandemic is an endeavour to investigate the classification accuracy of selected ML algorithms under natural language processing for sentiment analysis and prediction for the Indian stock market. The study proposes the framework for sentiment analysis and prediction for the Indian stock market where six ML algorithms are put to test. Consequently, the study highlights the superior algorithms based on accuracy results. These superior algorithms can be potent input to build robust prediction models as a logical next step.
Modelling of acetaminophen release from hydroxyethylcellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogel
Authors: Díaz-Guerrero Abigail M , Castillo-Miranda Claudia A , Peraza-Vázquez Hernán , Morales-Cepeda Ana B , Peña-Delgado Adrián F , Rivera-Armenta José L , Castro-Guerrero Carlos F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer which is responsive to the temperature and pH values that can be reached by the human body. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) is a biocompatible and absorbent material which is highly used as a Drug Delivery System (DDS) due to its swelling capacity. In this work, a composite of HEC and PAAm was synthesized at a ratio of 25/75 wt% in order to evaluate its use as a transdermal DDS for acetaminophen. Drug release tests were performed in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 35, 37, and 39 °C. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model was presented as a mathematical optimization problem and solved by Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. Additionally, drug release data was modelled by Multigene Symbolic Regression (MSR) based on Genetic Programming (GP) algorithm. A drug release mathematical model was generated by MSR. The model is capable to reliably describe the kinetics of acetaminophen release from HEC/PAAm and to predict the concentrations of drug that is released in times beyond the experiment runtime.
Electronic properties of hybrid WS2/MoS2 multilayer on flexible PET
Authors: Faraduan I , Handayani I P , Diandra D A , Delima H , Fathona I W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials transition metal dichalcogenide compound (TMDC), which stack-together and form van der Waals heterostructures, have created interesting phenomena due to their interlayer interactions and their great potential for atomic-scale devices. Various electrical properties have been investigated. The presence of vacancies and their related charge trappings have been reported to affect the electrical properties. In this study, we investigate the electrical properties of hybrid WS2/MoS2 multilayer film deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The hybrid morphology and signatures are confirmed by the scanning electron microscope image and Raman shift spectra, respectively. We observed a semiconductor like behaviour as well as the large hysteresis which indicates the vacancies inducing charge trappings. This characteristics is different with the electronic characteristics of WS2 and MoS2 multilayer which tend to exhibit insulating behaviours and small hysteresis. This study shows how hybrid dichalcogenide WS2/MoS2 multilayer might create new features for future electronic devices.
Modification of the junction parameters via Al doping in Ag/CdS:Al thin-film Schottky diodes for microwave sensors
Authors: Fernández-Pérez A , Navarrete C , Muñoz R , Baradit E , Saavedra M , Cabello-Guzmán G , Gacitúa W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, it is investigated the effect of Al doping in the junction parameters of Ag/CdS:Al thin-film Schottky diodes and their electrical response to microwave irradiation. Nanocrystalline CdS:Al thin-films with thicknesses between 109 and 173 nm were prepared by chemical bath deposition and, subsequently, Ag thin-films with an average thickness of 102 nm were grown on the CdS:Al using dc sputtering. The structural, chemical, morphological and optical properties of CdS:Al and Ag films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Current-voltage (I − V) characteristics of Ag/CdS:Al diodes, with different Al content, were obtained at room temperature in dark conditions. XRD studies shows that CdS:Al and Ag thin-films have an hexagonal and cubic structure, respectively. Crystallite sizes decreases with Al content for CdS:Al films and were found to be in the 15–40 nm range. A decrease in the intensity of the XRD main peak of CdS:Al films is observed, caused by the inclusion of amorphous Al2O3 on the CdS film. It was found that band gap of CdS:Al films increases with increasing Al content, from 2.28 eV to 2.40 eV. Based on the I − V characteristics of the diodes, their barrier height ϕ
0, ideality factor n, and series resistance R

s
were calculated, and it was found that these values are modified by increasing Al content in CdS films, in the ranges: ϕ
0: 0.7037–0.8426 eV; n: 3.485–4.213; R

s
: 0.54–9.86 MΩ. Besides, it was stated that Al doping changes the average surface roughness and the energies of the charge neutrality levels of CdS:Al films. The effects of physical properties of the films on the junction parameters of the diodes were also discussed. Finally, I − V characteristics of the Ag/CdS:Al diodes were studied under X-band microwave irradiation at room temperature in dark conditions. For a specific Al doping value, the current density across the diode during irradiation was found to be lower (0.87–11.6 mA cm−2) than unirradiated diode (1.14–15.6 mA cm−2), when the bias voltage was higher than certain value (3 V), due to an increasing temperature of the diode and the presence of Al2O3 on the CdS:Al film. This last result could be useful in a potential X-band thin-film microwave sensor.
Anemia and atrial fibrillation as independent risk factors for new-onset chronic kidney disease: the TAMA-MED Project—CKD and AF
Authors: Kaneko Tomohiro , Kodani Eitaro , Fujii Hitomi , Asai Risa , Seki Miyako , Nakazato Rei , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Sasabe Hajime , Tamura Yutaka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Various risk factors have been identified for the new onset or rapid deterioration of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is thought that many risk factors that have not yet been clarified remain.

Methods
Based on the results of specific annual health checkups at Tama City (n = 18 383) in 2017 and 2018, we analyzed the factors that cause new-onset CKD and the risk factors that rapidly worsen renal function. For new-onset CKD, proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were examined separately. Rapid deterioration of renal function was defined as an eGFR ≥25% less than the previous year.

Results
Multivariate analysis showed that in addition to age and impaired glucose tolerance, anemia and atrial fibrillation (AF) were risk factors for the new appearance of proteinuria. Risk factors for a decrease in eGFR to &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were age and hyperuricemia. Age, systolic hypertension, urinary protein and urinary occult blood, high triglycerides and anemia were significant risk factors for the rapid deterioration of renal function in patients with CKD Stage ≥3.

Conclusions
From the results of specific annual health checkups at Tama City, AF, anemia and hyperuricemia were identified as risk factors for new-onset CKD over a short period of 1 year. Anemia was also a factor for the rapid deterioration of kidney function in subjects with renal dysfunction.
Step-by-step guide to setting up a kidney replacement therapy registry: the challenge of a national kidney replacement therapy registry
Authors: Rosa-Diez Guillermo , González-Bedat María Carlota , Luxardo Rosario , Ceretta María Laura , Ferreiro-Fuentes Alejandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Analysis, and understanding, of this global/national/regional reality would benefit from renal registry databases. The implementation of a CKD registry (including all categories) is difficult to achieve, given its high cost. On the other hand, patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are easily accessible and constitute the most severe subgroup in terms of comorbidities and healthcare costs. A kidney replacement therapy registry (KRTR) is defined as the systematic and continuous collection of a population-based data set from ESKD patients treated by dialysis/kidney transplant. The lack of available data, particularly in emerging economies, leaves information gaps on healthcare and outcomes in these patients. The heterogeneity/absence of a KRTR in some countries is consistent with the inequities in access to KRT worldwide. In 2014, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) proposed to determine the prevalence of patients on dialysis for at least 700 patients per million inhabitants by 2019 in every Latin American (LA) country. Since then, PAHO and the Sociedad LatinoAmericana de Nefrología e Hipertensión have provided training courses and certification of KRTR in LA. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide guidance on how to set up a new KRTR in countries or regions that still lack one. Advice is provided on the sequential steps in the process of setting up a KRTR, personnel requirements, data set content and minimum quality indicators required.
The Articles on State Responsibility and the Guiding Principles of Shared Responsibility: A TWAIL Perspective
Authors: Chimni B S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article argues, from the perspective of third-world approaches to international law (TWAIL), that the limitations of the Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility (hereinafter ‘Guiding Principles’) stem from the very fact that their drafters did not contest the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA). Therefore, before advancing a critique of the Guiding Principles, this article questions certain aspects of ARSIWA. It argues that ARSIWA tends to overlook the distinction between primary and secondary rules; does not take into account the thick and structured relations between corporations and the state in formulating the rule on attribution; completely neglects the principle of special and differential treatment (SDT) in framing secondary rules of state responsibility; and gives a negative connotation to the erga omnes principle. As a result, ARSIWA cannot do justice to weak states. Since the Guiding Principles merely seek to supplement ARSIWA, they fail to address key issues, including the shared responsibility of state and non-state actors, such as multinational corporations, for the violation of human rights and environmental norms and the application of SDT principles in determining shared responsibility.
Implications of Goal Programming in Forest Resource Allocation
Authors: Dyer A. Allen , Hof John Gerrit , Kelly James W. , Crim Sarah A. , Alward Gregory S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Goal programming, utilizing a preemptive priority formulation, is described and compared to linear programming to evaluate its effectiveness in solving public forest resource allocation problems. The logic used is that of welfare economics. It is concluded that goal programming does not, in general, generate the theoretically desirable solution to the public resource allocation problem. Goal programming is then analyzed as a "satisficing" algorithm and as a production feasibility test. The possibilities of failure in these applications are also pointed out. A sensitivity analysis on an example problem is included to demonstrate the theoretical conclusions made. Finally, policy-oriented conclusions are drawn and recommendations concerning the use of the goal programming are presented. Forest Sci. 25:535-543.
Notes: Field Measurement of Conifer Oleoresin Viscosity and Density
Authors: Elam William W. , Hodges John D. , Koelling Harold A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An inexpensive method is described for determining conifer oleoresin viscosity and density in the field. This technique requires only a small sample and is sufficiently rapid to permit making determinations where time is a critically limiting factor such as with resins which crystallize rapidly. Forest Sci. 25:543-546.
Identification of Tobacco Necrosis Virus in Deteriorating Clones of Aspen
Authors: Hibben Craig R. , Bozarth Robert F. , Reese Judith 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aspen (Populus tremuloides) is deteriorating in some sites in the middle Rocky Mountain region. Several causal factors have been implicated, but the exact etiology of aspen deterioration remains unknown. Foliar symptoms indicative of virus infection were observed in trees within 33 aspen clones, both deteriorating and nondeteriorating, in Utah. A virus was mechanically transmitted from five deteriorating clones to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Sucrose density-gradient centrifugation of one isolate of the virus revealed a single infectious component with a sedimentation velocity of S20,W = 110. Electron micrographs of the purified virus showed isometric particles 28 +ACY-plusmn+ADs- 1 nm diameter. Properties of the purified aspen virus and its antiserum showed the virus to be an isolate of tobacco necrosis virus (TNV-A). This is the first report of TNV in aspen. Two additional isolates of TNV antigenically dissimilar to TNV-A and to each other were recovered from one of the same five deteriorating clones. Healthy rooted aspen suckers were infected with purified TNV-A by mechanical inoculation. The possible role of virus infection in aspen deterioration is discussed. Forest Sci. 25:557-567.
Notes: Acid Phosphatase Activity in Forest Soil
Authors: Ho Iwan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Acid phosphatase activity in soil was significantly higher in a red alder forest and in a mixed red alder-Douglas-fir forest than in pure stands of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, lodge-pole pine, or western juniper or in a pasture. Forest Sci. 25:567-568.
Stimulation of Resinosis and Apparent Inhibition of Blue Stain Development in Ponderosa Pine by Paraquat
Authors: Kidd Frank , Reid C. P. P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effects of stemfrill application of paraquat solution concentration (1, 8, 16, and 30 percent), volume (5, 10, and 20 ml), and date of application (8-9 July and 21-22 August) on resinosis in sapwood of Pinus ponderosa were evaluated. The greatest yield of extractives resulted from treatment with 10 ml of an 8 percent solution applied 8-9 July. No qualitative changes in oleoresin composition attributable to paraquat application were detected by gas-liquid chromatography of the terpene fraction. Blue stain development was inhibited above treatment frills. This inhibition was greatest following treatment with 20 ml of 8 percent paraquat applied on 8-9 July. Growth of Ceratocystis montia, a fungal symbiont of the mountain pine beetle was prevented by paraquat at concentrations above 5 ppm in malt-agar medium. Forest Sci. 25:569-575.
Notes: Determining Sample Size in Throughfall Studies
Authors: Peterson D. L. , Rolfe G. L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Variation in throughfall collection data is a major concern in nutrient cycling studies. In order to determine the magnitude of this variability in throughfall volume data collected in an oak-hickory stand in southern Illinois, regression equations were developed which indicate the sample size necessary for a specific level of variability. In addition to having predictive value, these equations indicate differences in variability on a seasonal basis. Forest Sci. 25:582-584.
Growth Responses of Northern Hardwoods to Fertilization
Authors: Lea R. , Tierson W. C. , Leaf A. L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 70-year-old thinned Fagus-Betula-Acer stand in the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State was fertilized with varying amounts and combinations of N, P, K, and dolomitic limestone in the spring of 1976. Betula alleghaniensis, Acer saccharum, Acer rubrum, and Fagus grandifolia growth data were obtained for two growing seasons after fertilization. Comparisons were made within species and among treatments, expressed as basal area and cross-sectional area (at 5.27 m height) growth, specific volume growth, and stem form ratio. The overall results indicate that 275 kg/ha N significantly increases radial growth with minor responses to 138 kg/ha P and lime. Potassium additions, on the whole, did not significantly alter growth rates, and individually fertilized trees grew slightly more than trees receiving entire plot applications. No changes in stem form induced by fertilization have been detected. Forest Sci. 25:597-604.
Nitrate Losses From Disturbed Forests: Patterns and Mechanisms
Authors: Vitousek Peter M. , Melillo Jerry M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Losses of nitrate in drainage water from disturbed forest ecosystems vary over a wide range. High losses of nitrate to streamwater or groundwater have been observed in a few sites, while in others only small increases in losses have occurred.
A limited set of mechanisms could be responsible for such differences. Before disturbance, annual nitrogen mineralization and plant nitrogen uptake vary widely among temperate forests, with higher rates observed in deciduous forests. Destructive disturbance increases nitrogen mineralization and (at least briefly) reduces plant uptake. The nitrogen mineralized in excess of plant uptake could be lost to streamwater or groundwater, lost to the atmosphere through ammonia volatilization or denitrification, or retained within the disturbed system through nitrogen immobilization by decomposers, clay fixation of ammonium, lags in nitrification, nitrate reduction to ammonium, nitrate adsorption on soil colloids, a lack of water for nitrate transport, or (once plant regrowth is established) plant nitrogen uptake.
Systematic studies of these mechanisms will allow the development of a more thorough understanding of the nitrogen cycle in disturbed ecosystems. Such an understanding should in turn permit the prediction of nitrate losses from distrubed forests. Forest Sci. 25:605-619.