bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NUMBER OF FINE PARTICLES’ AND THEIR MASS CONCENTRATION: COMPARISON OF EMISSION OF NEW PRINTING TECHNOLOGY VERSUS TRADITIONAL LASER TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Paegle Linda , Martinsone Žanna , Vanadziņš Ivars , Pavlovska Ilona , Akūlova Lāsma 
Published: June 2021

For many years the printers have been essential part of our offices and exposures from various printing technologies have been widely researched. The main objective of this study was to compare emitted number and mass of fine particles from laser printers and new Micro Piezo technology ink jet printers during the printing process and one hour afterwards as these emissions have potential for negative health effects.Air samples were taken with the particle size spectrometer for real-time ELPI+, Dekati (air flow rate 10 l/min). Measurements were taken ~0.5 m from the printers: one hour before the test, during printing and one hour afterwards. Similar class blackwhite (b/w) and colour printer of each technology were tested. Each printer performed a 10-page and a 100-page test according to ECMA 328-1 Standard [1].During laser printer tests from 8324 to 19943 pt/cm3 fine particles were determined on printing phase from b/w and colour printers. Ink jet (Micro Piezo) printers produced less: from 3239 to 5247 pt/cm3. One hour after the printing phase for both types of laser printers’ there were 54722 to 152351 pt/cm3 particles in air and 4270 to 9579 pt/cm3 particles for ink jet printers. Detected particle mass differences was insignificant: in range of 0.002 to 0.012 mg/m³ for laser printers and 0.002 to 0.019 mg/m³ for ink jet printers. Micro Piezo technology printers emitted mass particles were with bigger median size μm.The highest number of particles was observed one hour after the printing for both tested printer technologies. Laser printers’ emitted 2.5 to 3.8 times more particles in printing phase and 12.8 to 15.9 times more after printing phase. Particle mass in mg/m³ was detected in the size range 6nm - 2.5 μm with no significant mass differences.
CRITICAL THINKING AS GROUNDS OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE COMMUNICATION
Authors: Linina Iveta , Vevere Velga 
Published: June 2021

Companies and individuals are willing to introduce the principles of social responsibility in their everyday working practices, still, in order to accomplish this and to have real gains for the company and society, the concept of social responsibility has to be understood in the broadest sense. This understanding is based on critical information processing or critical thinking. Information can be obtained through reflection, observation, communication, experience, etc. The aim of the research is to study the factors that influence the basic principles of critical thinking formation, which are the basis of socially responsible communication. The authors employ the monographic method for charting the theoretical framework, the survey to research respondent’s’ ability to evaluate information critically and to make socially responsible decisions. As the result of research the authors conclude that development of the critical thinking competences can raise the level of social responsibility on the individual and societal level.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT WITH PHOTODIODE IN DIFFERENT OPERATING MODES
Authors: Pulov Dimcho , Karadzhov Tsanko 
Published: June 2021

A method for contactless temperature measurement with photodetectors in different operating modes has been developed. It is based on the periodic change of the spectral sensitivity of the photodiode depending on the applied reverse voltage. This is accomplished by switching the photodiode within one measurement from photovoltaic to photoconductive mode. For this purpose, the scheme of the respective electronic key has been developed.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND NUMERICAL MODELLING FOR FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF FRC STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Authors: Bleive Liva Luize , Lusis Vitalijs 
Published: June 2021

Concrete reinforced by short steel fibres is typical brittle matrix composite, in which fibres are impeding cracks growth, such way increasing material’s tensile strength. The use of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) in structures with high physical and mechanical characteristics makes possible to reduce their weight and cost, to simplify their production technology, to reduce or eliminate reinforcement labour, at the same time increasing reliability and durability. Randomly distributed discontinuous fibres are bridging the crack’s flanks providing material’s “ductility”- like non-linear behaviour at cracking stage. The current study is focused on one formulation of a specific type of concrete matrix with added fibres and without fibres. Concrete cubes and prisms without fibres and having in every situation the same content of 60 mm long fibres were fabricated. Cubes (100×100×100 mm) were tested in compression and beams (100×100×400 mm prisms) were tested under four-point bending (4PBT). Fracture process (crack growth) in the material was modelled, based on experimental results (part of experimental data was used). Finite element method (FEM) using the ANSYS program analysis were realized modelling stress distributions in the broken beams with the goal to predict fracture process. Model’s prediction was validated.
Antidepressant effects of natural and micropropagated Bacopa monnieri (L.) plant extracts
Authors: Tamboli Firoj A , Rangari Vinod D , More Harinath N , Kutwade Vijay H , Patil Vivek M 
Published: June 2021

Linn. an important medicinal plant in Indian system of alternative medicine belonging to Scrophulariaceae family. It is distributed in the wet and marshy lands throughout India, Nepal and many other parts of world. This study was carried out to evaluate the natural and micropropagated plant extract for antidepressant activity. Antidepressant effects of natural and micropropagated plant extract was evaluated by spontaneous motor activity. All the extracts were administered 30 min prior to the test. The standard drug chlorpromazine (2mg/kg) was used. The locomotor activity was performed using an actophotometer after different doses of test drug. Result: The locomotor activity of control and treated mice were recorded and statistically correlated among the control, standard and the test drugs. The inhibition of spontaneous motor activity in case of BMN, BMS extract was found 291, 93.5 and 277, 93.66 count at interval of 30 and 60 min. respectively. But in case of BMM plant extract it was found 290, 87.33 and 146 count at 30, 60 and 120 min. interval respectively so results showed that a significant antidepressant-like effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg. It can be used as adjuvant therapy for depression. There was statistically highly significant (p value &#60;0.001) association observed. Further evaluation on the different mechanisms of action of ethanolic extracts of natural and micropropagated plant needs to be studied in the future.
Monoclonal antibodies for cancerous conditions in essential medicine list: An experience from a tertiary hospital in Bengaluru, India
Authors: D S Prasad Byrav , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Niveditha  
Published: June 2021

Globally, cancer is emerging as a major public health problem. Monoclonal antibodies are extensively used for cancerous conditions at tertiary hospitals. Many of these are not easily available for patients seeking treatment from public sector. It is difficult for poor patients to afford these drugs on individual basis.The aim of our study is to calculate the prescribed daily dose of monoclonal antibody in cancerous conditions, to know the number of monoclonal antibody present in the essential drug list and to know the average total number of drugs prescribed in generic names. The average dose of the monoclonal antibody used is calculated and the common conditions for which it is used is tabulated and the drug usage is noted for both genders. The number monoclonal antibody present in the list of essential medicine of India and WHO is compared. The average total number of drugs prescribed in generic names is calculated.Average prescribed dose calculated was 382 mg for Trastuzumab, 455mg for rituximab. Only a few monoclonal antibodies were found in who essential drug. Only Trastuzumab and rituximab monoclonal antibody were found in the essential drug list of India. While, Trastuzumab is the most commonly (61%) prescribed drug in the generic form. The study concludes that Trastuzumab is the commonly used monoclonal antibody followed by Rituximab and Bevacizumab. Only Trastuzumab and rituximab were found in Indian essential drug list. Measures for Inclusion of other monoclonal anti bodies can be made by the policy decisions.
Spectrum of Botulin toxin
Authors: Chaudhry Sunil 
Published: June 2021

There is growing market for cosmetics, which is one of major indication of Botulin toxin, that is expected to grow at CAGR of 8%. The market size was about USD 4.85 billion in 2019. Botulinum toxin is a produced by the bacterium which prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Botulin toxin has pan indications in neurology, musculoskeletal disorders low back pain, oncology and in cosmetology. The toxin has reasonable side effect profile. Botulin Toxin causes muscle weakness, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, dry mouth, dizziness and skin rash can be reported.
THE EFFECT OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS ON SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Perveen Shahida , Malik Najma Iqbal 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The present study aims at measuring the effect of traumatic events on social behavior among university students.
Methodology: Purposive sample of n=200 students was selected from various universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Impact of events scale-revised (Weiss, 2007), and Texas social behavior inventory (Helmreich & Stapp, 1974) were used to measure study variables. Pearson correlation was carried out to explore correlations. Further, the prediction was checked through regression analysis. Additional analysis includes a t-test to check gender differences.
Main Findings: Significant differences were found in adolescents as compared to young adults on the scale of the traumatic events. Correlation analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between traumatic events (intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal) and social behavior (i.e., self-esteem). Further multiple regression analysis showed that traumatic events were a significant negative predictor of social behavior as traumatic events harm an individual’s social behavior. Additionally, the t-test indicated non-significant gender differences.
Applications of this study: These research results have implications in academic settings, clinical and counseling. And it helps to improve overall social behavior at the individual level, which ultimately serves to ensure a better community and sound environment.
Originality/Uniqueness of present investigation: An empirical investigation of the phenomenon observed among human participants' natural behavior with no manipulation.
CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM A PACIENTES EM PRÉ-OPERATÓRIO: PROPOSTA DE CHECKLIST
Authors: Hoepers Neiva Junkes , Baccin Hercília Machado , Dagostin Valdemira Santina , Zugnio Paula Iopi , Salvaro Maria Salete 
Published: June 2021

A segurança para o paciente no pré-operatório é um dos itens de maior relevância e imprescindível para a vida das pessoas que precisam submeter a uma cirurgia, tanto no período mediato como imediato da cirurgia. Para isso é importante à existência de um instrumento que normatize todos os cuidados neste período, podemos chamar de ‘cheklist’ ou protocolo do cuidado pré-operatório, que possa ser utilizado tanto pela equipe de enfermagem, como a equipe multiprofissional. A pesquisa teve como objetivo, caracterizar os cuidados de enfermagem prestados a pacientes em período pré-operatório mediato e imediato, e propor um ‘checklist’ para uma Clínica Cirúrgica, como forma de garantir a segurança do paciente antes do procedimento cirúrgico. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória e de campo com 42 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem em uma instituição hospitalar do sul de Santa Catarina, nos meses de abril e maio de 2016. Os resultado apontaram que o serviço não possui instrumento de ‘cheklist’ ou protocolo para pré-operatório mediato e imediato e que houve um déficit de orientação quanto ao cuidado realizado. Foi elaborado uma proposta de ‘cheklist’ para ser entregue a instituição da pesquisa. Como também salientamos a necessidade da realização de educação permanente para estes cuidados com toda equipe de enfermagem.Palavras-chaves: Cuidado pré-operatório; Enfermagem; Cirurgia Segura.
EVALUATION OF FACIAL AESTHETIC PROFILE IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Callou Cesario Rui Filho , Nogueira Brennda Kayane Flora , Oliveira Núbia De Fátima Costa , Mesquita Ádamo De Figueiredo Nogueira , Vieira Ethel Esthephane Alves , Barboza Michelli Caroline de Camargo , Martins Aline Barbosa Teixeira 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Consequences on the face cause several symptoms of rejection, so the skin exam is essential for a specific treatment according to the aesthetic needs of each individual. Objective: To evaluate the facial aesthetic profile in university students. Methods: Cross-sectional study with university students, independent of gender and in the age group of 18 to 59 years old, from May to June 2019. A facial evaluation questionnaire was applied based on the main aesthetic complaints and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Most university students were female (n=119), mean age 22 years old, and acne was the most frequent disease (100%), especially moderate acne (53.5%). Melasma was identified in 17.3%, mainly in females (74.2%). There were poor nutrition and irregular skin care without using sunscreen and other skin care routine. The side effects may include emergence of acne and melasma. Conclusion: Risk factors and irregular skin care may lead to facial skin lesions. Keywords: Acne Vulgaris; Melanosis; Students; Face; Esthetics.
Agradecimento aos Pareceristas (2020 – 2021)
Authors: Moralez Andreia Manzato , Góis Junior Edivaldo 
Published: June 2021

Apresentamos a lista de pareceristas ad hoc que contribuíram com a Revista Conexões, através de sistema duplo cego, avaliando artigos no decorrer do período 2020-2021. Sem o trabalho voluntário de pesquisadores e pesquisadoras, nosso periódico não poderia ter êxito na sua missão institucional de fomento ao debate acadêmico da Educação Física.
COVID-19: More than a Respiratory Virus, An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: SEKER ESRA DAG , TIMUR Elif Inci ERBAHCECI 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate anatomic and morphologic features of inner and outer retinal layers in patients recovered from COVID-19 with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), whwther correlate with any symptoms during disease process.Methods: 32 patients recovered from COVID-19; age and gender matched 36 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, macular and periapiller retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the outer retinal hyperreflective bands including external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ) were examined with SD-OCT. The differences of each retinal layers thickness among subgroup analysis of ocular pain and headache were also compared. Results: Macular RNFL of inner and outer nasal and outer inferior quadrants were thinner in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy control group. (p=0.046, p=0.014 and p=0.016, respectively). Thinning in outer superior quadrant of GCIPL and INL quadrants were detected in patients with headache (p=0.026 and p=0.01). Superonasal and inferotemporal sectors of pRNFL were thinner in patients with ocular pain compared to patients without ocular pain (p=0.024 an p=0.015). Integrity of EZ, ELM and IZ were evaluated as continious line and protected on each OCT scans. Conclusion: The study demostrated convincing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can affect the inner and outer retinal layers, with subclinical localized alterations particularly in patients with headache and ocular pain symptoms during COVID-19 period.
Evolution of Distributed Detection Performance over Balanced Binary Relay Tree Networks with Bit Errors
Authors: Tian Yu-Ping , Zhu Wenbo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Target detection based on wireless sensor networks can be considered as a distributed binary hypothesis testing problem. In this paper, the evolution of detection error probability with the increase of network scale is studied for the balanced binary relay tree network with channel noise. Firstly, the iterative expressions of false-alarm probability and missed-detection probability depending on the number of tree network layers are given. Then, the iterative process of two types of error probabilities in the network space is described as a discrete nonlinear switched dynamic system, and the dynamic properties of two types of error probabilities are analyzed in a plane rectangular coordinate system. A globally attractive invariant set of the state of the dynamic system, which is not related to the channel noise, is derived. The switching mode of the system and the total error probability in the invariant set are further analyzed, and a necessary and sufficient convergence condition of the total error probability is provided. Based on this condition the following detection properties of the network are revealed: (1) as long as the channel bit error probability is not zero, the total error probability does not tend to zero with the increasing network size; (2) when the channel bit error probability is greater than 2-/3/ 2 the total error probability will continue to increase with the increase of network size.
Postoperative 20% Albumin Vs Standard Care and Acute Kidney Injury After High-risk Cardiac Surgery (ALBICS): Study Protocol for a Randomised Trial
Authors: Balachandran Mayurathan , Banneheke Piyusha , Pakavakis Adrian , Al-Bassam Wisam , Sarode Vineet , Rowland Michael , Shehabi Yahya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cardiac surgery. Factors such as cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping and surgical stress may precipitate renal hypoperfusion and ischaemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress are associated with development of AKI. Albumin’s pharmacological properties and widespread availability have the potential to mitigate these factors. However, the effect of albumin on cardiac surgery associated AKI is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of postoperative 20% albumin infusion on kidney function after high-risk cardiac surgery.MethodsWe designed an open label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial – the ALBICS study (ALBumin Infusion and acute kidney injury following Cardiac Surgery). A total of 590 patients undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery (combined procedure or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/min/1.73m2) will be enrolled into the study and randomly allocated to receive a postoperative 20% albumin infusion or standard care in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by centre and baseline renal function. The study fluid will be administered upon arrival in intensive care for 16 hours. Patients will be followed up until 28 days after surgery or until discharge from the hospital. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients who develop AKI in both groups. Secondary outcomes to be measured are proportions of AKI stage II and III, 28-day mortality, mechanical ventilation time and length of stay in intensive care and hospital.ConclusionThis trial aims to determine if a postoperative infusion of concentrated albumin reduces the risk of AKI following high-risk cardiac surgery. Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN1261900135516703. Registered 03 October 2019 – retrospectively registered, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378383.
The Effect of Progesterone Administration on the Expression of Metastasis Tumor Antigens (MTA1 and MTA3) in Placentas of Normal and Dexamethasone-Treated Rats
Authors: Alawadhia Mariam , Shammari Farah Al , Ali Fatemah Mulla , Almatar Rama , Al-Duwaikhi Ayat , Al-Bader Maie D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDexamethasone (DEX) induces intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in pregnant rats. IUGR can occur due to apoptosis of trophoblasts, which is believed to be inhibited by progesterone (P4). A group of genes called MTAs play a role in proliferation and apoptosis. MTA1 upregulates trophoblasts proliferation and differentiation, while MTA3 downregulates proliferation and induces apoptosis. Hence, we hypothesized that during IUGR, placental MTA1 decreases and MTA3 increases and this is reversed by P4 treatment. MethodsPregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups based on daily intraperitoneal injections: control (C, saline), DEX (DEX, 0.2 mg/kg/day), DEX and P4 (DEX + P4, DEX: 0.2 mg/kg/day, P4: 5 mg/kg/day) and P4-treated (P4, 5 mg/kg/day) groups. Injections were started on 15 dg until the day of dissection (19 or 21 dg). Gene and protein expressions of MTA1 and MTA3 were studied in the labyrinth (LZ) and basal (BZ) zones using real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. ResultsDEX treatment induced 18% reduction in fetal body weight (p<0.001) and 30% reduction in placental weight (p<0.01). Maternal P4 level was also significantly lower in DEX treated groups (p<0.05). MTA1 expression was decreased in the LZ (gene, p< 0.001) and BZ (protein p<0.01), while MTA3 protein expression was upregulated in the LZ with DEX treatment (p<0.001). These changes were reversed with P4 treatment. ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that DEX induces IUGR through changing the expression of placental MTA1 and MTA3 antigens and P4 improved pregnancy outcome by preventing the changes in MTAs expression.
Comparison The Early Clinical Efficacy of SuperPath Approach Versus The Modified Hardinge Approach In Total Hip Arthroplasty For Femoral Neck Fractures In Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shen Jiquan , Ji Weiping , Shen Yonghui , He Shijie , Lin Youbin , Ye Zhijun , Wang Bo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Femoral neck fracture is a common form of hip fracture in the elderly. Minimally invasive surgery is very popular in recent years. This study was to investigate the clinical efficacy and advantages of the SuperPath approach to total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Methods: From February 2018 to March 2019, 120 patients were random divided into two groups with 60 patients each: the SuperPath group and conventional group. The results evaluated the general operation situation, Serum markers, blood loss, pain score, hip function and prosthesis location analysis.Results: There was no difference demographically between two groups. Compared with the conventional group, the SuperPath group had a shorter operation time (78.4 vs 93.0 min), smaller incision length (5.8 vs 12.5 cm), less intraoperative blood loss (121.5 vs 178.8 ml), shorter hospitalization time (8.0 vs 10.8 day) and less drainage volume (77.8 vs 141.2 ml). The creatine kinase (CK) in the SuperPath group was significantly lower, while there was no difference in the C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The visual analog scale (VAS) was lower in one month and Harris Hip Score (HHS) were higher in three months in the SuperPath group. There was no difference in the cup abduction angle and anteversion angle of the two groups.Conclusion: We found the better clinical efficacy after the SuperPath approach with less muscle damage, less postoperative pain and better postoperative function compared with the modified Hardinge approach.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. The randomized clinical trial was retrospective registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on December 31, 2020 (ChiCTR-2000041583, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=57008).