bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity performance of peach trees, insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivities of leaf extracts as affected by nanofertilizers foliar application
Authors: Mosa Walid F. A. , El-Shehawi Ahmed M. , Mackled Marwa I. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. , Ghareeb Rehab Y. , Hafez Elsayed E. , Behiry Said I. , Abdelsalam Nader R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current study was performed on eight years old peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees cv. Florida prince to study the influence of spraying of commercial nano fertilizer on vegetative growth, pollen grain viability, yield, and fruit quality of the "Florida prince" peach cultivar. Furthermore, extracts from the nanofertilizer treated leaves were studied for their bioactivity as insecticidal or bactericidal activities against some stored grain insects and plant bacterial pathogens. Seventy uniform peach trees were sprayed three time as follow: before flowering; during full bloom, and one month later in addition using the water as a control. Commercial silver particales (Ag NPs) at 10, 12.5, and 15 mL/L and zinc particales (Zn NPs) at 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mL/L as recommended level in a randomized complete block design in ten replicates/trees. Spraying Ag NP at 15 mL/L increased shoot diameter, leaf area, total chlorophyll, flower percentage, fruit yield and fruit physical and chemical characteristics, followed by Ag NPs at 12.5 mL/L and Zn NPs at 7.5 mL/L. Moreover, Zn and Ag NPs caused a highly significant effect on pollen viability. Different type of pollen aberrations were detected by Zn NPs treatment. The commercial Ag NPs showed a high increase in pollen viability without any aberrations. The Ag NPs significantly increased the pollen size, and the spores also increased and separated in different localities, searching about the egg for pollination and fertilization. Peach leaves extract was examined for their insecticidal activity against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzea L.) and the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica, Fabricius) by fumigation method. The antibacterial activity of all treatments was also performed against molecularly identified bacteria. Ag NPs treated leaves extract at concentration 3000 µg/mL were moderate sufficient to inhibit all the bacterial isolates with inhibition zone (IZ) ranged 6–8.67 mm with high efficiency of acetone extracts from leaves treated with Ag NPs compared with Zn NPs. Also, S. oryzae was more susceptible to acetone extracts from leaves treated with both nanomaterials than R. dominica.
Halogen-bonded one-dimensional chains of functionalized ditopic bipyridines co-crystallized with mono-, di-, and triiodofluorobenzenes
Authors: Vulpe Elena , Grosjean Sylvain , Hassan Zahid , Bulach Véronique , Hosseini Mir Wais , Bräse Stefan 
Published: May 2021

A series of halogen-bonded (XB) 1D and zigzag supramolecular architectures involving a sterically hindered class of homologous para-xylenes bearing bipyridyl moieties at peripheries co-crystallized with mono-, di-, and triiodofluorobenzenes as XB donors are prepared.
Selective synthesis of para-xylene and light olefins from CO2/H2 in the presence of toluene
Authors: Miao Dengyun , Pan Xiulian , Jiao Feng , Ji Yi , Hou Guangjin , Xu Lei , Bao Xinhe 
Published: May 2021

para-xylene and light olefins are co-produced in CO2 hydrogenation in the presence of toluene over OXZEO composite catalyst.
One-pot synthesis of enzyme@metal–organic material (MOM) biocomposites for enzyme biocatalysis
Authors: Pan Yanxiong , Li Hui , Lenertz Mary , Han Yulun , Ugrinov Angel , Kilin Dmitri , Chen Bingcan , Yang Zhongyu 
Published: May 2021

Metal-Organic Materials (MOMs) are formed by co-precipitation of Ca2+ or Zn2+ with DDVA, a derivative product of lignan for enzyme immobilization. This work opens a new avenue of making MOMs with nature biomass independent of petroleum chemicals.
Empirically comparing the performance of blockchain's consensus algorithms
Authors: Ahmad Ashar , Alabduljabbar Abdulrahman , Saad Muhammad , Nyang DaeHun , Kim Joongheon , Mohaisen David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBlockchain‐based audit systems suffer from low scalability and high message complexity. The root cause of these shortcomings is the use of “Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance” (PBFT) consensus protocol in those systems. Alternatives to PBFT have not been used in blockchain‐based audit systems due to the limited knowledge about their functional and operational requirements. Currently, no blockchain testbed supports the execution and benchmarking of different consensus protocols in a unified testing environment. This paper demonstrates building a blockchain testbed that supports the execution of five state‐of‐the‐art consensus protocols in a blockchain system; namely PBFT, Proof‐of‐Work (PoW), Proof‐of‐Stake (PoS), Proof‐of‐Elapsed Time (PoET), and Clique. Performance evaluation of those consensus algorithms is carried out using data from a real‐world audit system. These results show that the Clique protocol is best suited for blockchain‐based audit systems, based on scalability features.
Effect of sinusoidal waveform and frequency on space charge characteristics of polyimide
Authors: Ren Hanwen , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Miyake Hiroaki , Li Qingmin , Gao Haoyu , Li Chengqian , Wang Zhongdong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe charge phenomena under sine and half‐wave sine voltages within the frequency range of 500 Hz are studied here. Based on the pulsed electro‐acoustic method, the traditional circuit design under high‐frequency voltages is first analysed. It is found that the selection of a 186 pF protection capacitor and a 333 kΩ protection resistor can ensure that the actual voltage applied to the sample is consistent with the expected input. Based on this design, experimental results show that the polarity of the charge accumulated in the depth of the sample is determined by that of the upper electrode. Comparison results under special voltages with different amplitudes and frequencies indicate that the amount of accumulated charge under sine voltages are larger than those under positive and negative half‐wave sine and DC conditions, and the samples under lower‐frequency conditions show more charge accumulation. The maximum electric field strengths appear at 90 and 270 degrees of the sine voltage with a frequency of 10 Hz, and their values are 68.55 and 81.82 kV/mm, respectively. Therefore, the charge characteristics are easily affected by the voltage’s waveform and frequency parameters. The results obtained here can provide guidance for the application of insulating materials under special voltage environments.
All‐fibre phase shifter based on tapered fibre coated with MoWS2‐rGO
Authors: Tan Sin Jin , Ahmad Harith , Tiu Zian Cheak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, an all‐fibre phase shifter using tapered fibre coated with molybdenum tungsten disulfide ‐ reduced graphene oxide (MoWS2‐rGO) is demonstrated. The large evanescent field of tapered fibre allows MoWS2‐rGO to absorb injected light from a 1400‐nm pump. It subsequently modifies the refractive index of both an MoWS2‐rGO solution and tapered fibre because of the thermo‐optic effect. A maximum wavelength shift of 2.489 nm is observed and the equivalent phase shift is 0.91π. The efficiency of the phase shifter is calculated at 0.0175 nm/mW. The proposed phase shifter is beneficial for a variety of applications, specifically for future optical beam‐forming networks and all optical signal processing devices.
A multi‐modal heterogeneous data mining algorithm using federated learning
Authors: Wei Xianyong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn disease diagnosis, the classification accuracy based on multi‐modal models is usually higher than single‐modal models. However, in the process of multimodal data fusion, how to reasonably solve the heterogeneity problem and better extract the information between different modal data has attracted the attention of scholars. Federated learning is an efficient machine learning method that can expand between multiple parameters or multiple computing nodes. It has been applied successfully in the financial industry and cross‐industry cooperation. In this paper, a novel algorithm to disease diagnosis model based on federated learning is proposed. The model not only cleverly solves heterogeneous problems, but also excavates information between different modal data to promote the model to be more robust and discriminative. The experiment results show that the proposed model has better performance than traditional fusion algorithms. Notably, compared with other models, this model converges faster and requires less computation.
Simulating the infrared sky with a SPRITZ
Authors: Bisigello L. , Gruppioni C. , Feltre A. , Calura F. , Pozzi F. , Vignali C. , Barchiesi L. , Rodighiero G. , Negrello M. 
Published: May 2021

Aims. Current hydrodynamical and semi-empirical simulations of galaxy formation and evolution have difficulties in reproducing the number densities of infrared-detected galaxies. Therefore, a phenomenological simulation tool that is new and versatile is necessary to reproduce current and predict future observations at infrared (IR) wavelengths.
Methods. In this work we generate simulated catalogues starting from the Herschel IR luminosity functions of different galaxy populations to consider different populations of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN) in a consistent way. We associated a spectral energy distribution and physical properties, such as stellar mass, star formation rate, and AGN contribution, with each simulated galaxy using a broad set of empirical relations. We compared the resulting simulated galaxies, extracted up to z = 10, with a broad set of observational relations.
Results. Spectro-Photometric Realisations of IR-Selected Targets at all-z (SPRITZ) simulations allow us to obtain, in a fully consistent way, simulated observations for a broad set of current and future facilities with photometric capabilities as well as low-resolution IR spectroscopy, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) or the Origin Space Telescope (OST). The derived simulated catalogue contains galaxies and AGN that by construction reproduce the observed IR galaxy number density, but this catalogue also agrees with the observed number counts from UV to far-IR wavelengths, the observed stellar mass function, the star formation rate versus stellar mass plane, and the luminosity function from the radio to X-ray wavelengths. The proposed simulation is therefore ideal to make predictions for current and future facilities, in particular, but not limited to, those operating at IR wavelengths.
Turbulence and wave transmission at an ICME-driven shock observed by the Solar Orbiter and Wind
Authors: Zhao L.-L. , Zank G. P. , He J. S. , Telloni D. , Hu Q. , Li G. , Nakanotani M. , Adhikari L. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. 
Published: May 2021

Aims.An interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) event was observed by the Solar Orbiter at 0.8 AU on 2020 April 19 and by Wind at 1 AU on 2020 April 20. Futhermore, an interplanetary shock wave was driven in front of the ICME. Here, we focus on the transmission of the magnetic fluctuations across the shock and we analyze the characteristic wave modes of solar wind turbulence in the vicinity of the shock observed by both spacecraft.Methods.The observed ICME event is characterized by a magnetic helicity-based technique. The ICME-driven shock normal was determined by magnetic coplanarity method for the Solar Orbiter and using a mixed plasma and field approach for Wind. The power spectra of magnetic field fluctuations were generated by applying both a fast Fourier transform and Morlet wavelet analysis. To understand the nature of waves observed near the shock, we used the normalized magnetic helicity as a diagnostic parameter. The wavelet-reconstructed magnetic field fluctuation hodograms were used to further study the polarization properties of waves.Results.We find that the ICME-driven shock observed by Solar Orbiter and Wind is a fast, forward oblique shock with a more perpendicular shock angle at the Wind position. After the shock crossing, the magnetic field fluctuation power increases. Most of the magnetic field fluctuation power resides in the transverse fluctuations. In the vicinity of the shock, both spacecraft observe right-hand polarized waves in the spacecraft frame. The upstream wave signatures fall within a relatively broad and low frequency band, which might be attributed to low frequency MHD waves excited by the streaming particles. For the downstream magnetic wave activity, we find oblique kinetic Alfvén waves with frequencies near the proton cyclotron frequency in the spacecraft frame. The frequency of the downstream waves increases by a factor of ∼7–10 due to the shock compression and the Doppler effect.
Plasma Levels of Big Endothelin-1 Are Associated with Renal Insufficiency and In-Hospital Mortality of Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Lu Ruinan , Zheng X. Long 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is caused by severe deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) activity. Despite advances in early diagnosis and management, the mortality rate of acute iTTP remains high in a large part of world where access to some of the most novel therapies is limited. To determine the role of plasma big endothelin-1 (bigET-1) or its bioactive product ET-1 as a biomarker and/or a pathogenic factor in acute iTTP, plasma levels of bigET-1 were determined using an immunoassay in patients with iTTP on admission and during remission, as well as in healthy controls; moreover, the biological effect of ET-1 in thrombus formation was determined by a microfluidic assay. We show that plasma levels of bigET-1 were dramatically increased in patients with acute iTTP on admission, which was significantly decreased during clinical response/remission; elevated admission levels of plasma bigET-1 were associated with low estimated glomerular filtration rate, the need for intensive care unit admission or intubation, and in-hospital mortality. Moreover, an addition of a bioactive product ET-1 to cultured endothelial cells in a microfluidic channel significantly accelerated the rate of thrombus formation under arterial flow. Our results demonstrate for the first time a potential role of measuring plasma bigET-1 in patients with acute iTTP in assessing the disease severity and risk of in-hospital mortality, which may help stratify patients for a more aggressive monitoring and therapeutic strategy; also, the bioactive ET-1, derived from bigET-1, may result in acute renal injury in TTP patient, likely through its vasoconstriction and prothrombotic properties.
A Unique Case of Concomitant Intraspinal Epidermoid Cyst and Lipoma Associated with Tethered Cord Syndrome
Authors: Jain Shrey , Vyas Medha A. , Sinha Ajit K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients presenting with pain in lower back and paresthesia in lower limbs may have tethered cord causing the symptomology. Tethered cord may be associated with intradural tumors causing symptoms due to progressive increase in size. Association of tethered cord with single intradural tumor is a common occurrence but, to date, only one case has been reported of tethered cord associated with intradural lipoma and epidermoid cyst. The authors would like to present a similar case in a middle-aged patient.
Year in Review: Synopsis of Selected Articles in Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care from 2020
Authors: Esmail Tariq , Subramaniam Sudhakar , Venkatraghavan Lashmi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis review is a synopsis of selected articles from neuroscience, neuroanesthesia, and neurocritical care from the year 2020 (January–December 2020). The journals reviewed include anesthesia journals, critical care medicine journals, neurology and neurosurgical journals, as well as high-impact medical journals such as the Lancet, Journal of American Medical Association, New England Journal of Medicine, and Stroke. This summary of important articles will serve to update the knowledge of anesthesiologists and other perioperative physicians who provide care to neurosurgical and neurocritical care patients. In addition, some of the important narrative reviews that are of interest to neuroanesthesiologists are also listed.
A Prospective Study and Analysis of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery: Their Indication and Complication in a Single Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Pal Barnava , Dhar Sambuddha , Sahu Anurag , Kumari Sumita , Singh Kulwant , Bhaikhel Kamalpreet Kaur , Nalin Shrish , Singh Ashvamedh , Singh Rahul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion is routinely performed for the treatment of hydrocephalus due to different indications like congenital, infective, tumor, posttraumatic, and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). A lot of common and rare complications following this procedure have been reported.
Objectives To analyze the clinical profile, indications, anesthetic, and postoperative complications for VP shunt surgery in our center.
Materials and Methods This prospective clinical review study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, between October 2018 to January 2020 and included 454 cases of hydrocephalus who underwent VP shunt surgery. The data was compiled and analyzed.
Results A total of 454 patients with male predominance were studied. Pediatric and adolescent patients were 48.9% (222/454). Obstructive hydrocephalus due to tumors was the etiology of 48.7% (221/454) cases. The incidence of overall shunt complications was 9.7% (44/454), of which obstruction and infection was 5.9% (27/454) and 3.1% (14/454), respectively. Factors associated with increased shunt complications include redo and infective etiology and cases having higher protein in perioperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Neuronavigation, antibiotic-impregnated shunt and biventricular shunt are associated with lower complications.
Conclusion Obstructive hydrocephalus due to tumors happened to be the most common cause of VP shunt, and shunt obstruction is most common complication, especially in infective and redo cases.
Curie–Weiss behavior of the low-temperature paramagnetic susceptibility of semiconductors doped and compensated with hydrogen-like impurities
Authors: Poklonski N. A. , Dzeraviaha A. N. , Vyrko S. A. , Zabrodskii A. G. , Veinger A. I. , Semenikhin P. V. 
Published: May 2021

For the first time, a quantitative model of the Curie–Weiss behavior of a low-temperature paramagnetic susceptibility of electrically neutral donors in n-type diamagnetic covalent semiconductors is proposed. The exchange interaction between nearest two neutral donors was calculated with the use of the Heitler–London model. In this model, we take into account the change in the thermal ionization energy of donors due to the shift of the bottom of the conduction band to the bandgap with doping and compensation. The energy of the exchange spin–spin interaction between electrons localized on donors is calculated as a function of the donor concentration and the degree of their compensation by acceptors. The broadening of the donor band due to the Coulomb interaction of the nearest impurity ions was taken into account. We considered crystals of n-type germanium doped with arsenic up to the concentration close to the insulator–metal phase transition (Mott transition) and compensated with gallium. The compensation ratio K is the ratio of the concentration of compensating acceptors KN to the concentration of doping donors N. The model predicts a change in the sign of the Curie–Weiss temperature from minus to plus (a transition from the antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic local ordering of electron spins on donors) for K ≈ 0.15–0.3, reaching its maximum positive values of ≈1.3 K for K ≈ 0.5 with the following decrease (a transition to paramagnetism) for K &gt; 0.85. The calculated behavior of the paramagnetic susceptibility of donors is consistent with the experimental data for compensated n-Ge:As,Ga samples close to the Mott transition.
Ag@mSiO2@Ag core–satellite nanostructures enhance the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of naringin
Authors: Tang Min , Wang Lijun , Zhao Dan , Huang Dongwei 
Published: May 2021

Bacterial infections have caused many human diseases, so effective treatment of bacterial infections is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this work, a multifunctional therapeutic core–satellite nanoplatform (ASAN NPs) with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties was designed and synthesized. First, mesoporous silica-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with different sizes were synthesized via a simplified method that improved the stability and drug-carrying capacity of the Ag NPs. Then, the NPs were loaded with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial naringin. The characterization results showed that the ASAN NPs were successfully synthesized, with an average particle size of 110 ± 15 nm. In vitro antibacterial test results showed that the synergistic effect of Ag NPs and naringin enhanced the antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent manner. The ASAN NPs achieved high-efficiency antibacterial activity by increasing the permeability of the cell membrane, destroying the integrity of the bacteria, and significantly increasing the level of bacterial reactive oxygen species. The in vivo antibacterial results showed that the ASAN NPs had highly effective anti-infective and anti-inflammatory activities and did not show obvious side effects. Thus, ASAN NPs appear to be promising antimicrobial agents with good biocompatibility, potent antibacterial activity, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Broadband second harmonic generation in aperiodic nonlinear photonic crystals: 1D projection from 2D Vogel sunflower spiral array
Authors: Wang Nian-Mu , Huang Huang , Zhang Chao 
Published: May 2021

The structure of the sunflower head can be used to realize broadband applications in optics. However, this 2D structure, with a ring-shaped reciprocal space, only has a normalized Fourier coefficient peak around 0.033, which leads to a relatively low conversion efficiency and may restrict its applications. We tried to maintain its broadband features while with larger Fourier coefficients by structure dimension reduction. We obtained an aperiodic 1D structure from a 2D Vogel sunflower spiral array by a cut-and-projection method. Workable reciprocal vector bands were found with this 1D structure in the vicinity of a pre-set central wavelength λ0 = 1.4 µm, and its peak Fourier coefficients can be 5–7 times as large as the original 2D structure. With this, we investigated broadband quasi-phase matching (QPM) second harmonic generation (SHG) in samples with different reversed ratios D. To illustrate in more detail, three samples were closely examined with D = 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. Bandwidths of these three samples for first-order QPM SHG are 90, 70, and 30 nm, respectively, with a fundamental wave in the vicinity of λ0 = 1.4 µm. The exact SHG solution of coupled-wave equations was used in the evaluation of conversion efficiencies. Calculations showed broadband high conversion efficiency.