bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of islet transplantation on microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Reid Laura , Baxter Faye , Forbes Shareen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractType 1 diabetes is associated with high morbidity and mortality from microvascular and macrovascular disease with considerable economic cost to society. Islet cell transplantation (ICT) is a treatment option recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for people with debilitating hypoglycaemia due to type 1 diabetes, including those with renal failure where kidney transplantation may also be indicated. The primary aim of ICT is to improve glycaemic control, reduce severe hypoglycaemia, stabilise glycaemic variability and restore awareness of hypoglycaemia where this is compromised. Insulin independence, although not a primary aim, should also be considered a therapeutic goal. The impact ICT has on the progression of microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications is derived from small studies and has not been examined in large clinical trials. Lifelong immunosuppression, which is necessary to avoid transplant rejection, has adverse effects on lipid metabolism, hypertension and renal function, which must also be considered. In this review, we discuss the role of ICT in type 1 diabetes management and the available evidence with respect to microvascular and macrovascular disease progression post‐transplantation. We conclude that, following ICT, microvascular complications including retinopathy and neuropathy are stabilised or improved. Effects on nephropathy can be complicated by coexisting kidney transplantation and the impact of immunosuppression, the latter leading to an early decline in renal function; however, there is evidence to suggest stable renal outcomes in the long term. Short‐term studies have demonstrated a positive impact of ICT on surrogate markers of macrovascular disease; however, long‐term studies and trials in this area are lacking.
Reduced quality parameters in adult Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) after pupal irradiation and transportation
Authors: Dominiak Bernard C. , Gillespie Peter S. , Sharma Niharika , Balagawi Solomon , Barchia Idris M. , Reynolds Olivia L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSterile insect technique is an effective tool to manage a range of pest insects, including the true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). As part of the process, pupae are dispatched from a mass‐rearing facility for several hundred km to a rearing out centre typically located near the release sites. Transportation of Queensland fruit fly (Qfly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), pupae from mass production facilities to field release sites is known to negatively affect fly quality. To determine which quality parameters are affected, we assessed adult emergence, flight ability, and rate of fliers between irradiated and non‐irradiated flies that were or were not transported long distance. Pupal weight was not affected by irradiation or transport. We found that transportation and irradiation of pupae resulted in a decrease in percentage fly emergence, flight ability, and fliers. Transportation and irradiation both resulted in 8% reduction in emergence of flies. Additionally, we found that transportation resulted in an increase in the rate of deformity by 65% and irradiation could increase deformity by 75%. Compounding these losses, both transportation and irradiation resulted in the decline of number of fliers by approximately 23% each.
Age‐related changes in gait speeds and asymmetry during circular gait and straight‐line gait in older individuals aged 60–79 years
Authors: Hirono Tetsuya , Ikezoe Tome , Yamagata Momoko , Kato Takehiro , Umehara Jun , Yanase Ko , Nakao Sayaka , Tsuboyama Tadao , Tabara Yasuharu , Matsuda Fumihiko , Ichihashi Noriaki ,   Nagahama Study Group
Published: March 2021

AimThe present study aimed to investigate the age‐related changes in gait speeds and asymmetry during circular and straight‐line gaits among older adults aged 60–79 years.MethodsThe study included 391 community‐dwelling older adults aged >60 years, who participated in the Nagahama cohort study. They were assigned to four age groups: 60–64 years (early 60s), 65–69 years (late 60s), 70–74 years (early 70s) and 75–79 years (late 70s). For the circular gait test, the time required to walk twice around a 1‐m diameter circle for right and left rotations were measured. The average time of the two trials was measured as the circular gait time, and the side‐to‐side difference in the circular gait times was calculated as an asymmetry index. Walking speed, asymmetry of step length, and asymmetry of stance duration time during straight‐line gait at comfortable and maximal walking pace were measured.ResultsCircular gait time in older women in the late 70s group was significantly slower than that in other age groups; however, no age‐related change was observed in older men. Maximal gait speeds in the early and late 70s groups were significantly slower than those in the early 60s group.ConclusionsAge‐related decline in circular gait speed was observed in older women aged ≥75 years, but not in older men. Maximal straight‐line gait speed decreased significantly in both genders after the age of 70 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 404–410.
Marked point process analysis of epidermal nerve fibres
Authors: Ghorbanpour Farnaz , Särkkä Aila , Pourtaheri Reza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpidermal nerve fibre (ENF) density and summed length of ENFs per epidermal surface area are reduced, and ENFs may appear more clustered within the epidermis in subjects suffering from diabetic neuropathy compared to healthy subjects. Therefore, it is important to understand the spatial behaviour of ENFs in healthy and neuropathy subjects. By using confocal microscopy data , we study the spatial structure of epidermal nerves by regarding the nerve tree locations as realizations of marked point processes . The termination points of the fibres of a nerve tree are used to define a reactive territory which is taken as a mark for the nerve tree location. We study the differences in the spatial pattern of ENFs between healthy subjects and subjects suffering from mild diabetic neuropathy by using Ripley's function and the mark correlation function. In addition, we propose a marked sequential point process model for the nerve tree locations. Data are replicated point patterns, where we have several patterns from each subject and from each group.
Compliance with a physical activity guideline among junior high school students
Authors: Tanaka Chiaki , Abe Takafumi , Takenaga Rie , Suzuki Takahiro , Noi Shingo , Tanaka Shigeho , Miyachi Motohiko , Inoue Shigeru , Hatamoto Youichi , Reilly John J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere were no nationwide moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity physical activity (MVPA) data relating to Japanese adolescents. This study assessed compliance with an MVPA guideline by adolescents, using a random sampling survey in Japan. The factors associated with compliance with the guideline were also examined.MethodsParticipants were first‐ to third‐grade Japanese junior high school students (307 boys and 255 girls). We analyzed data from the National Sports‐Life Survey of Teens 2019, which used the Japanese version of physical activity (PA) questions in the World Health Organization Health Behavior in School‐aged Children survey and potential correlates of MVPA.ResultsCompliance with the PA guideline by the World Health Organization for Japanese students was 19.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 15.8–22.3). The compliance of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (23.1%; 95% CI, 18.4–27.8; vs 14.1%; 95% CI, 9.8−18.4). The odds of meeting the PA guideline were significantly higher for boys in the second grade than boys in the first grade (odds ratio (OR) 1.78; 95% CI, 1.02–3.09), liking PA (for all: OR: 2.97; 95% CI, 1.32–6.69; for girls: OR: 2.99; 95% CI, 1.01–8.81), and sports participation (for all: OR: 4.77; 95% CI, 2.32–9.80; for boys: OR: 6.00; 95% CI, 1.81–19.89; for girls: OR: 4.08; 95% CI, 1.63–10.21).ConclusionsThe results suggest that more than 80% of junior high school students were insufficiently physically active in Japan. Preferences for PA and sports participation may be important correlates of sufficient PA.
Syllable Inference as a Mechanism for Spoken Language Understanding
Authors: Brown Meredith , Tanenhaus Michael K. , Dilley Laura 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA classic problem in spoken language comprehension is how listeners perceive speech as being composed of discrete words, given the variable time‐course of information in continuous signals. We propose a syllable inference account of spoken word recognition and segmentation, according to which alternative hierarchical models of syllables, words, and phonemes are dynamically posited, which are expected to maximally predict incoming sensory input. Generative models are combined with current estimates of context speech rate drawn from neural oscillatory dynamics, which are sensitive to amplitude rises. Over time, models which result in local minima in error between predicted and recently experienced signals give rise to perceptions of hearing words. Three experiments using the visual world eye‐tracking paradigm with a picture‐selection task tested hypotheses motivated by this framework. Materials were sentences that were acoustically ambiguous in numbers of syllables, words, and phonemes they contained (cf. English plural constructions, such as “saw (a) raccoon(s) swimming,” which have two loci of grammatical information). Time‐compressing, or expanding, speech materials permitted determination of how temporal information at, or in the context of, each locus affected looks to, and selection of, pictures with a singular or plural referent (e.g., one or more than one raccoon). Supporting our account, listeners probabilistically interpreted identical chunks of speech as consistent with a singular or plural referent to a degree that was based on the chunk's gradient rate in relation to its context. We interpret these results as evidence that arriving temporal information, judged in relation to language model predictions generated from context speech rate evaluated on a continuous scale, informs inferences about syllables, thereby giving rise to perceptual experiences of understanding spoken language as words separated in time.
Predictive utilities of lipid traits, lipoprotein subfractions and other risk factors for incident diabetes: a machine learning approach in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Varga Tibor V , Liu Jinxi , Goldberg Ronald B , Chen Guannan , Dagogo-Jack Samuel , Lorenzo Carlos , Mather Kieren J , Pi-Sunyer Xavier , Brunak Søren , Temprosa Marinella 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAlthough various lipid and non-lipid analytes measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been associated with type 2 diabetes, a structured comparison of the ability of NMR-derived biomarkers and standard lipids to predict individual diabetes risk has not been undertaken in larger studies nor among individuals at high risk of diabetes.Research design and methodsCumulative discriminative utilities of various groups of biomarkers including NMR lipoproteins, related non-lipid biomarkers, standard lipids, and demographic and glycemic traits were compared for short-term (3.2 years) and long-term (15 years) diabetes development in the Diabetes Prevention Program, a multiethnic, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial of individuals with pre-diabetes in the USA (N=2590). Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards model and six different hyperparameter-tuned machine learning algorithms were compared. The Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) was used as the primary measure of discriminative utility.ResultsModels with baseline NMR analytes and their changes did not improve the discriminative utility of simpler models including standard lipids or demographic and glycemic traits. Across all algorithms, models with baseline 2-hour glucose performed the best (max MCC=0.36). Sophisticated machine learning algorithms performed similarly to logistic regression in this study.ConclusionsNMR lipoproteins and related non-lipid biomarkers were associated but did not augment discrimination of diabetes risk beyond traditional diabetes risk factors except for 2-hour glucose. Machine learning algorithms provided no meaningful improvement for discrimination compared with logistic regression, which suggests a lack of influential latent interactions among the analytes assessed in this study.Trial registration numberDiabetes Prevention Program:NCT00004992; Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study:NCT00038727.
Effects of nutrition education using a food-based approach, carbohydrate counting or routine care in type 1 diabetes: 12 months prospective randomized trial
Authors: Sterner Isaksson Sofia , Bensow Bacos Margareta , Eliasson Björn , Thors Adolfsson Eva , Rawshani Araz , Lindblad Ulf , Jendle Johan , Berglund Agneta , Lind Marcus , Axelsen Mette 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionEvidence on the effects of structured nutrition education is weak in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) with moderately impaired glycemic control. Objective was to compare the effects of different types of nutrition education programs on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life, diet quality and food choices in T1D.Research design and methodsA 12 months randomized controlled study conducted at nine diabetes specialist centers with three parallel arms: (i) a food-based approach (FBA) including foods with low glycemic index or (ii) carbohydrate counting (CC) according to today’s standard practice or (iii) individual sessions according to routine care (RC). The primary end point was difference in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between groups at 12 months.Results159 patients were randomized (FBA: 51; CC: 52; RC: 55). Mean (SD) age 48.6 (12.0) years, 57.9% females and mean (SD) HbA1c level 63.9 (7.9) mmol/mol, 8% (0.7%). After 3 months, HbA1c improved in both FBA and CC compared with RC. However, there were no significant differences at 12 months in HbA1c; FBA versus RC (−0.4 mmol/mol (1.3), 0.04% (0.1%)), CC versus RC (−0.8 mmol/mol (1.2), 0.1% (0.1%)), FBA versus CC (0.4 mmol/mol (0.3), 0.04% (0.01%)). At 12 months, intake of legumes, nuts and vegetables was improved in FBA versus CC and RC. FBA also reported higher intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats compared with RC, and dietary fiber, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats compared with CC (all p values <0.05). There were no differences in blood pressure levels, lipids, body weight or quality of life.ConclusionsNutrition education using an FBA, CC or RC is equivalent in terms of HbA1c and cardiovascular risk factors in persons with T1D with moderately impaired glycemic control. An FBA had benefits regarding food choices compared with CC and RC.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyamidoamine G2.0-Hematin as a Biocatalyst for Fabricating Catecholic Gelatin Hydrogel
Authors: Ton Tan Phuoc , Tran Thi Yen Nhi , Dang Le Hang , Nguyen Kim Thi Hoang , Doan Phuong , Nguyen Van Toan , Nguyen Dinh Trung , Le Bao Huy , Tran Ngoc Quyen , Nguyen Bich Tram 
Published: March 2021

In this study, we report that an enzyme-mimicking biocatalyst polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G2.0-hematin (G2.0-He) was fabricated successfully. The chemical structure of G2.0-He was verified by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. G2.0-He exhibited a size distribution from

11.6
±
1.7

nm

to

12.5
±
2.9

nm

and a zeta potential from 32.5 mV to 25.6 mV along with the enhancement of the hematin conjugation degree. The relative activity of G2.0-He was evaluated based on pyrogallol oxidation reactions at

pH
=
7

. The results showed that G2.0-He was more stable than horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme in high H2O2 concentrations. The HRP-mimic ability of G2.0-He was also confirmed by the catalyzation when preparing catecholic gelatin hydrogels under mild conditions. Moreover, our results also revealed that these hydrogels performed with excellent cytocompatibility in an in vitro study and could be used as a potential scaffold for adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast cells. The obtained results indicated that G2.0-He is a suitable platform for altering the HRP enzyme in several biomedical applications.
Endocarditis infecciosa en hospital clínico Herminda Martín de Chillán: experiencia de los últimos cinco años.
Authors: Roa Danitza , Silva Valentina , Hernández Rocío 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: la endocarditis infecciosa es una afección con elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, con una incidencia en Chile de 2-3 casos por 100.000 habitantes al año, con una edad de presentación en ascenso y una clínica diversa e inespecífica que requiere un manejo multidisciplinario para el manejo de estos pacientes. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo, se consideró el número total de fichas clínicas del hospital clínico Herminda Martín de Chillán durante los años 2015 al 2019, con diagnóstico confirmado de endocarditis infecciosa. Los datos se registraron en la hoja de recolección de datos elaborada, realizándose los análisis estadísticos pertinentes. Resultados: la muestra (n=17) que pudo ser analizada tenía una edad promedio de 53,5 años; 70,5% (DE 14.50) fueron hombres y el agente más común identificado fue Staphylococcus aureus sensible a meticilina. En promedio los pacientes recibieron 28,8 días de antibióticos y la válvula más afectada fue la aórtica. Conclusiones: la endocarditis infecciosa es una patología con una gran morbimortalidad, que presenta un cuadro clínico inespecífico capaz de simular cualquier enfermedad. Se requieren aún de más estudios que reflejen la realidad nacional.
The Ongoing Domestication of Global Models
Authors: Diehl David K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite their political and cultural similarities, Anglosphere countries have developed distinct national multicultural education policies. These policy differences can be understood by examining the interrelated ways these nations domesticated multiple global cultural models over time. First, in response to the model of multiculturalism, Anglosphere nations decided whether or not to adopt official national multicultural policies. Second, in response to the model of neoliberalism, these same nations decided whether or not to centralize control of curriculum and testing. The nexus of these two decisions concerning the institutionalization of multiculturalism and the centralization of schooling created nation-specific trajectories for multicultural education policies.
Survival of Snow in the Melting Layer: Relative Humidity Influence
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew J. , Bansemer Aaron , Theis Alexander , Schmitt Carl 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study quantifies how far snow can fall into the melting layer (ML) before all snow has melted by examining a combination of in-situ observations from aircraft measurements in Lagrangian spiral descents from above through the ML and descents and ascents into the ML, as well as an extensive database of NOAA surface observer reports during the past 50 years. The airborne data contain information on the particle phase (solid, mixed, or liquid), population size distributions and shapes, along with temperature, relative humidity, and vertical velocity. A wide range of temperatures and ambient relative humidities are used for both the airborne and ground-based data. It is shown that an ice bulb temperature of 0°C, together with the air temperature and pressure (altitude), are good first order predictors of the highest temperature snowflakes can survive in the melting layer before completely melting. Particle size is also important, as is whether the particles are graupel or hail. If the relative humidity is too low, the particles will sublimate completely as they fall into the melting layer. Snow as warm as +7°C is observed from aircraft measurements and surface observations. Snow pellets survive to even warmer temperatures. Relationships are developed to represent the primary findings.
Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S, Mg5Al11TiO23(OH), a new högbomite-group mineral from the DeWitts Corners, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lykova Inna , Rowe Ralph , Poirier Glenn , Giester Gerald , Helwig Kate 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe new högbomite-group mineral magnesiohögbomite-6N12S, ideally Mg5Al11TiO23(OH), was found in calcite “vein-dikes” at the DeWitts Corners occurrence, lots 10 and 11, concession 1, Bathurst Township, Ontario, Canada. It forms tabular and short-prismatic crystals up to 5 mm in size. The major forms are pinacoid {0001} and hexagonal pyramid {11${\bar 2}$1}, sometimes modified by hexagonal prism {11${\bar 2}$0}. The associated minerals are magnesiohögbomite-2N3S, spinel, corundum, diopside, magnesio-hastingsite, pargasite, clinochlore and calcite. Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S is dark brown to black with brown streak and vitreous lustre. It has no cleavage and its fracture is uneven. The Mohs hardness is 6½. Dcalc is 3.87 g/cm3. The infrared spectrum is reported. The composition (wt.%) is MgO 13.09, ZnO 0.46, FeO 11.91, Fe2O3 6.84, Al2O3 62.70, TiO2 4.44, H2O 0.99, total 100.43. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 17 cations, excluding H+, is (Mg2.95Fe2+1.51Al0.49Zn0.05)Σ5(Al10.71Fe3+0.78Ti0.51)Σ12O23(OH). The simplified formula is (Mg,Fe)5(Al,Fe,Ti)12O23(OH). The mineral is trigonal, R${\bar 3}$m, a = 5.7194(2), c = 83.069(5) Å, V = 2353.3(2) Å3 and Z = 6. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 2.921(26)(0.1.23), 2.863(49)(110), 2.687(29)(0.1.26), 2.547(31)(0.1.$\overline{28}$) and 2.434(100)(1.1.18). The crystal structure was solved and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R1 = 0.022. It is composed of alternating spinel (S) and nolanite (N) modules in the sequence 3 × (NSSNSS). The sequence of cubic ‘c’ and hexagonal ‘h’ closed-packed oxygen layers is 3 × (cccccchcccch). It is the first polysome in the högbomite supergroup with such a sequence.