bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological, electronic, and magnetic properties of multicomponent cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized by high temperature arc plasma
Authors: Das Arkaprava , Balasubramanian C , Orpe Prachi , Pugliese Gian Marco , Puri Alessandro , Marcelli Augusto , Saini Naurang L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many technological applications demand large amount of nanoparticles with well-defined properties, which is feasible only by using large-scale production methods. In this framework, we have performed structural and local geometric investigations of cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized by high temperature arc plasma route in helium and in air atmosphere with different arc currents, a competitive and low cost technological approach to synthesize large quantity of different types of nanoparticles. The complex scenario of phase fraction, shape, size distribution and hysteresis loop features of high temperature arc plasma synthesis of nanoparticles can be determined by the arc current and the selected gas. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal a multicomponent phase formation containing cubic cobaltous oxide (CoO), cobaltic oxide (Co3O4) and metallic cobalt phases. The synthesis of different phases is confirmed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements at the Co K-edge. Both extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray absorption near edge structure analyses show the presence of metallic nanoparticles in He ambient at high arc current. Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and magnetic hysteresis loop measurements show that the mean particle size increases and the coercivity decreases with increasing arc current in air ambient due to the intense particle–particle interaction. At variance, in He ambient synthesized samples due to the high quenching rate and the high thermal conductivity, a multi-domain formation in which the nanoparticles’ crystalline fraction decreases and a fluctuating coercivity due to core–shell structure is observed.
Positive column dynamics of a low-current atmospheric pressure discharge in flowing argon
Authors: Savkin K P , Oks E M , Sorokin D A , Yushkov A Yu , Yushkov G Yu , Sintsov S V , Vodopyanov A V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the results of studies of a cold-plasma atmospheric pressure discharge in argon flow, in both DC and pulse-periodic modes. The burning voltage and the discharge current were 200 V and 15 mA in continuous mode; in pulse-periodic mode the voltage was 220 V and the current 15 mA for a pulse repetition rate of 100 kHz. Special attention was given to the positive column dynamics during the discharge stages of initiation, burning, and extinction. The main method of investigation employed optical diagnostics of the plasma in the visible range with high time resolution. The positive discharge column is shown to be a constricted current channel in the form of an elongated loop. In continuous mode, the length of the positive column, from anode attachment to inflection point outside the discharge system, is several millimeters. In pulsed mode, the positive column is an unsteady plasma formation, the length of which increases at about 4 m s−1, and reaches the same dimension over a time of order 1 ms. We find that the positive column plasma includes hydroxyl molecules OH, nitrogen N2, and atomic oxygen O I, along with atoms of the working gas argon. Observation of the time evolution of the optical emission from the plasma-forming gas shows that the plasma glow of the positive column is mainly determined by argon Ar I radiation, with maximum intensity at the trailing edge of the current pulse.
Simulation method for investigating the use of transition-edge sensors as spectroscopic electron detectors
Authors: Patel K M , Withington S , Thomas C N , Goldie D J , Shard A G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are capable of highly accurate single particle energy measurement. TESs have been used for a wide range of photon detection applications, particularly in astronomy, but very little consideration has been given to their capabilities as electron calorimeters. Existing electron spectrometers require electron filtering optics to achieve energy discrimination, but this step discards the vast majority of electrons entering the instrument. TESs require no such energy filtering, meaning they could provide orders of magnitude improvement in measurement rate. To investigate the capabilities of TESs in electron spectroscopy, a simulation pipeline has been devised. The pipeline allows the results of a simulated experiment to be compared with the actual spectrum of the incident beam, thereby allowing measurement accuracy and efficiency to be studied. Using Fisher information, the energy resolution of the simulated detectors was also calculated, allowing the intrinsic limitations of the detector to be separated from the specific data analysis method used. The simulation platform has been used to compare the performance of TESs with existing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysers. TESs cannot match the energy resolution of XPS analysers for high-precision measurements but have comparable or better resolutions for high count rate applications. The measurement rate of a typical XPS analyser can be matched by an array of ten TESs with 120

μ

s

response times and there is significant scope for improvement, without compromising energy resolution, by increasing array size.
A dual-beam lens-free slot-array antenna coupled high-T
c superconducting fundamental mixer at the W-band
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhang Ting , Du Jia , An Jianping , Bu Xiangyuan , Guo Jay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a W-band high-T
c superconducting (HTS) Josephson-junction fundamental mixer which is coupled using a dual-beam lens-free slot-array antenna. The antenna features a uniplanar six-element slot array fed by an ungrounded coplanar waveguide line, of which each element is a long slot loaded by four rectangular loops. Highly directional radiation is therefore realized by utilizing the long slots and array synthesis to form a relatively large antenna aperture. The antenna also enables asymmetric dual-beam radiation in opposite directions, which not only reduces the RF coupling losses but greatly facilitates the quasi-optics design for the integration of the HTS mixer into a cryocooler. The electromagnetic simulations show that a coupling efficiency as high as −2.2 dB, a realized gain of 13 dB and a front-to-back ratio of 10 dB are achieved at the frequency of 84 GHz. Using this on-chip antenna, a W-band HTS fundamental mixer module is experimentally developed and characterized for different operating temperatures. The measured conversion gain is −10 dB at 20 K and −14.6 dB at 40 K, respectively. The mixer noise temperature is predicted to be around 780 K at 20 K and 1600 K at 40 K, respectively. It is also analyzed that the mixer performance can be further improved if the Josephson junction parameters were optimized.
Width-bending characteristic of REBCO HTS tape and flat-tape Rutherford-type cabling
Authors: Takayasu Makoto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The width-bending behaviors for a rare earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tape have been investigated. It has been found experimentally that the width-bending strain of a Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) tape does not degrade the critical current as much as is expected from the axial strain. The critical current is not directly affected by the width-bending strain but by the axial strain, which the width-bending strain generates by the Poisson effect. Since Poisson’s ratio is about 0.3, the axial strain effective on the critical current is about 30% of the width-bending strain. Therefore, the width-bending strain of even 1.5% degrades the critical current by only 15% if the REBCO layer side is bent inward. However, the critical current degraded by more than 70% when the REBCO layer is outward. The width-bending effects on the critical current have been further examined, considering Poisson’s ratio changes and the neutral plane shift of the REBCO tape substrate. Those changes would occur when the material yields due to severe width-bending. Based on the width-bending of REBCO tapes, flat-tape Rutherford-type cabling is discussed. A REBCO Rutherford-type cable can provide various advantages, especially for narrow-tape cabling. The flat-tape Rutherford-type cable has better characteristics against an electromagnetic transverse Lorentz force. Furthermore, the tape length of the cable can be approximately the same as the cable length allowing for excellent tape usage. REBCO Rutherford-type cabling will be a promising high-current, high-field cabling method using thin substrate REBCO tapes. It will be useful for AC ramp-field and pulse-field applications with low AC losses and low shield currents. It notes that the filaments in the cable are symmetrically distributed in parallel. Therefore, each filament’s inductance is uniform, and a uniform current distribution among the filaments can be obtained.
Current–voltage curve of the high temperature superconductor with local reduction of critical current
Authors: Gömöry F , Šouc J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Particular feature of the 2nd generation of conductors, based on the high-temperature superconducting compounds and produced nowadays in industrial process, is the fluctuation of properties along the conductor length. As a consequence, the voltage appearing at approaching the maximum transportable DC current could come from just one single weak spot. In such a place, characterized by the critical current reduced with respect to the rest of the conductor, the excess dissipation results in a locally elevated temperature. We developed an analytical theory predicting the experimentally observed current–voltage characteristics of such conductor, based on the weak spot properties and the cooling conditions. It extends our previous work, that was focused on forecasting the value of current at which would happen the thermal runaway, accompanied by an abrupt growth of the measured voltage. Here we derive the analytical expression that provides prediction for the current–voltage curve in wider range of currents, without necessity to reach thermal runaway. Then, a more reliable determination of the superconductor properties, in particular the flux creep exponent, can be achieved. Use of the model in the analysis of experimental data is illustrated, and its limitations resulting from the simplifications, introduced in order to reach the analytical predictions, are discussed.
Revealing pion and kaon structure via generalised parton distributions *
Authors: Raya K. , Cui Z.-F. , Chang L. , Morgado J. M. , Roberts C. D. , Rodríguez-Quintero J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass (EHM) and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure, many of which are accessible via generalised parton distributions (GPDs). Beginning with algebraic GPD Ansätze, constrained entirely by hadron-scale

and K valence-parton distribution functions (DFs), in whose forms both EHM and Higgs boson influences are manifest, numerous illustrations are provided. They include the properties of electromagnetic form factors, impact parameter space GPDs, gravitational form factors and associated pressure profiles, and the character and consequences of all-orders evolution. The analyses predict that mass-squared gravitational form factors are stiffer than electromagnetic form factors; reveal that K pressure profiles are tighter than

profiles, with both mesons sustaining near-core pressures at magnitudes similar to that expected at the core of neutron stars; deliver parameter-free predictions for

and K valence, glue, and sea GPDs at the resolving scale

GeV; and predict that at this scale the fraction of meson mass-squared carried by glue and sea combined matches that lodged with the valence degrees-of-freedom, with a similar statement holding for mass-squared radii.
Polarization-based transformations of linearly polarized quasi-Gaussian beams propagating in uniaxial crystals at an arbitrary angle
Authors: Albadry Aldsoky , Nawareg Mohamed , El-Din Mamdouh Shams 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Studying the polarization of paraxial beams propagating through uniaxial anisotropic crystals at an arbitrary angle is a powerful feature to extend the range of utilization of these crystals. In this paper, we derive a general theoretical model, based on the existing theory, to describe the transformations of polarization state in cases of arbitrary beam propagation. Stokes parameters are employed for the determination of polarization state of the light beam. The derived model is applied to a linearly polarized quasi-Gaussian beam propagating through rutile crystal. The dependence of the polarization state of the beam on many parameters such as beam waist, angle of propagation, and thickness of the crystal is investigated. The variation of each of these parameters leads to an extensive and interesting change of the polarization state. Moreover, the results are employed to observe the variations of the spin angular momentum as a function of the above-mentioned parameters. Furthermore, we report on an interesting result regarding the longitudinal component of the propagating field, where we noticed the existence of clearly non negligible values of this component for certain propagation parameters. The results of the current work are promising and can be utilized to obtain the best functioning of the output beam depending on its shape and polarization. In addition, they are promising for other future applications such as designing polarization-based devices which are useful in many fields.
Welding of 304 stainless steel and glass using high-repetition-frequency femtosecond laser
Authors: Wang Yipeng , Li Yang , Ao Sansan , Luo Zhen , Zhang Di 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, a femtosecond laser with a repetition frequency of 0–400 kHz was used to join soda lime glass and 304 stainless steel. The effects of single-pulse power, repetition frequency, welding speed, and defocusing on the weld quality were investigated. The joining mechanism and fracture surface morphologies were studied using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that no new phases were formed between the glass and stainless steel, and that the joining mechanism consisted mainly of mechanical mixing between the two materials. Using a suitable combination of process parameters, a good weld with a strength of 8.79 MPa was obtained. The weld strength was influenced mainly by the amount of glass that adhered to the stainless steel, the bonding strength between the glass base material and the remelted glass, and the wetting of the stainless steel by the molten glass.
Challenges and opportunities to regulate mineral transport in rice
Authors: Bashir Khurram , Ishimaru Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral for plants, and its deficiency as well as toxicity severely affects plant growth and development. Although Fe is ubiquitous in mineral soils, its acquisition by plants is difficult to regulate particularly in acidic and alkaline soils. Under alkaline conditions, where lime is abundant, Fe and other mineral elements are sparingly soluble. In contrast, under low pH conditions, especially in paddy fields, Fe toxicity could occur. Fe uptake is complicated and could be integrated with copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) uptake. Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to regulate the Fe uptake from soil and its transport to root and above-ground parts. Here, we review recent developments in understanding metal transport and discuss strategies to effectively regulate metal transport in plants with a particular focus on rice.
Female preference for color-enhanced males: a test of the sensory bias model in medaka, a drab fish
Authors: Downer-Bartholomew Benjamin M B , Rodd F Helen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sexual selection research has long focused on the evolution of female mate preferences. Most of the models that have been developed posit that mate preferences evolve in a mating context. In contrast, the sensory bias model proposes that mate choice preferences arise in a non-mating context, as a by-product of natural selection acting on a female’s perceptual system. Recent research has shown that many species of fishes, from across a large clade including poeciliids, goodeids, and medaka, have a bias for long wavelength (LW) colors (yellow, orange, red) in a non-mating context. Even species that do not have LW-colored ornaments, apparently because they have been lost secondarily, retain this latent bias for LW colors. Here, we predicted that female Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka), a drab species with a latent preference for LW colors, would show a mate choice preference for males with an artificial secondary sexual trait—a colored stripe added to their flank. We confirmed that females were more responsive to red and orange objects in a non-mating context than to other colors. We also showed that females were less resistant towards males with an LW-colored stripe than to those enhanced with a non-LW stripe and that, for many females, responses towards specific LW colors were consistent across these non-mating and mating contexts. Therefore, our results provide support for the sensory bias model by providing a link between a sensory bias in a non-mating context and a mate choice preference in a drab species like medaka.
Comparative studies on the high-performance compression of SARS-CoV-2 genome collections
Authors: Tang Tao , Li Jinyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is fast mutating worldwide. The mutated strains have been timely sequenced by worldwide labs, accumulating a huge amount of viral genome sequences open to public for biomedicine research such as mRNA vaccine design and drug recommendation. It is inefficient to transmit the millions of genome sequences without compression. In this study, we benchmark the performance of reference-free and reference-based compression algorithms on SARS-CoV-2 genome collections extracted from NCBI. Experimental results show that reference-based two-level compression is the most suitable approach to the compression, achieving the best compression ratio 1019.33-fold for compressing 132 372 genomes and 949.73-fold for compressing 416 238 genomes. This enormous file size reduction and efficient decompression have enabled a 5-min download and decompression of $10^5$ SARS-CoV-2 genomes. As compression on datasets containing such big numbers of genomes has been explored seldom before, our comparative analysis of the state-of-the-art compression algorithms provides practical guidance for the selection of compression tools and their parameters such as reference genomes to compress viral genome databases with similar characteristics. We also suggested a genome clustering approach using multiple references for a better compression. It is anticipated that the increased availability of SARS-CoV-2 genome datasets will make biomedicine research more productive.
PMLB v1.0: an open-source dataset collection for benchmarking machine learning methods
Authors: Romano Joseph D , Le Trang T , La Cava William , Gregg John T , Goldberg Daniel J , Chakraborty Praneel , Ray Natasha L , Himmelstein Daniel , Fu Weixuan , Moore Jason H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Novel machine learning and statistical modeling studies rely on standardized comparisons to existing methods using well-studied benchmark datasets. Few tools exist that provide rapid access to many of these datasets through a standardized, user-friendly interface that integrates well with popular data science workflows.

Results
This release of PMLB (Penn Machine Learning Benchmarks) provides the largest collection of diverse, public benchmark datasets for evaluating new machine learning and data science methods aggregated in one location. v1.0 introduces a number of critical improvements developed following discussions with the open-source community.

Availability and implementation
PMLB is available at https://github.com/EpistasisLab/pmlb. Python and R interfaces for PMLB can be installed through the Python Package Index and Comprehensive R Archive Network, respectively.
GPSmatch: an R package for comparing Genomic-binding Profile Similarity among transcriptional regulators using customizable databases
Authors: Dong Amy , Bao Xiaomin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Summary
Eukaryotic gene expression requires coordination among hundreds of transcriptional regulators. To characterize a specific transcriptional regulator, identifying how it shares genomic-binding sites with other regulators can generate important insights into its action. As genomic data such as chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) are being continously generated from individual labs, there is a demand for timely integration and analysis of these new data. We have developed an R package, GPSmatch (Genomic-binding Profile Similarity match), for calculating the Jaccard index to compare the ChIP-Seq peaks from one experiment to other experiments stored in a user-supplied customizable database. GPSmatch also evaluates the statistical significance of the calculated Jaccard index using a nonparametric Monte Carlo procedure. We show that GPSmatch is suitable for identifying and ranking transcriptional regulators with shared genomic-binding profiles, which may unravel potential mechanistic actions of gene regulation.

Availability and implementation
The software is freely available at https://github.com/Bao-Lab/GPSmatch.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MCT1 expression is independently related to shorter cancer-specific survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: de Carvalho Paulo Afonso , Bonatelli Murilo , Cordeiro Maurício Dener , Coelho Rafael Ferreira , Reis Sabrina , Srougi Miguel , Nahas Willian Carlos , Pinheiro Celine , Leite Katia Ramos Moreira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been considered a metabolic disease, with loss of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene and consequent overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), which is central for tumor development and progression. Among other effects, HIF-1α is involved in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells towards the Warburg effect involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration and survival. In this context, several proteins are expressed by cancer cells, including glucose and lactate transporters as well as different pH regulators. Among them, monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) can be highlighted. Our aim is to comprehensively analyze the immunoexpression of MCT1, MCT2, MCT4, CD147, CD44, HIF-1α, GLUT1 and CAIX in ccRCC surgical specimens correlating with classical prognostic factors and survival of patients with long follow-up. Surgical specimens from 207 patients with ccRCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were used to build a tissue microarray. Immunostaining was categorized into absent/weak or moderate/strong and related to all classic ccRCC prognostic parameters. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to assess overall and cancer-specific survival, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors of survival. Multivariate analysis showed that MCT1 together with tumor size and TNM staging, were independently related to cancer-specific survival. MCT1, CD147, CD44 and GLUT1 expression were significantly associated with poor prognostic factors. We show that MCT1 is an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival in ccRCC justifying the use of new target therapies already being tested in clinical trials.