bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of increased cover crop diversity for predators and biological pest control depend on the landscape context
Authors: Beaumelle Léa , Auriol Arthur , Grasset Marie , Pavy Alice , Thiéry Denis , Rusch Adrien 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Increasing plant diversity in agricultural systems is a promising way to balance food production and biodiversity conservation. Biological pest control, a crucial ecosystem service delivered by natural enemies, could particularly benefit from increased plant diversity at the local scale. Such positive effects however often depend on the landscape context that shapes the pool of natural enemy species available and their ability to colonize newly created habitats. However, how the landscape context modulates the local effect of plant diversity on natural enemies and pest control services remains unclear.
Here, we manipulated the diversity of cover crops (2 versus 20 plant species) in nine pairs of vineyards located along a landscape gradient ranging from 20 to 60% of semi‐natural habitats. We sampled natural enemy communities in the soil and foliage and measured the predation rate of an important moth pest in European vineyards (Lobesia botrana).
Diverse cover crops enhanced the abundance of natural enemies by 140% across the experiment, but without changing their taxonomic richness and composition. We further found a distance‐decay effect of cover crops on natural enemy abundance across cover crop types.
The landscape context remarkably modulated the effects of local plant diversity on natural enemy abundance and predation rates. While predation rates were on average similar in the low and high cover crop diversity treatments across the experiment, diverse cover crops had higher positive effects on predation and natural enemies in simple (<50% semi‐natural habitats) than complex landscapes. Predation rates increased from 11 to 42% in the high compared with low cover crop diversity treatments in simple landscapes.
Synthesis and applications: Our study demonstrates the benefits of increasing plant diversity at the local scale to enhance the abundance of natural enemies as well as the level of biological pest control services in vineyard agroecosystems. Diverse cover crops mostly benefit natural enemies and biological pest control in simplified landscapes, highlighting that the success of local agroecological practices in improving biodiversity and ecosystem services depends on the landscape context. Thus, we suggest that a strategic spatial arrangement of agricultural practices increasing local plant diversity is necessary to maximize beneficial effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Evaluation of skin dose and skin toxicity in patients undergoing intraoperative radiotherapy for early breast cancer
Authors: Wong Jeannie Hsiu Ding , Zaili Zainor , Abdul Malik Rozita , Bustam Anita Zarina , Saad Marniza , Jamaris Suniza , Mosiun Joanne Aisha , Mohd Taib Nur Aishah , Ung Ngie Min , See Mee‐Hoong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to evaluate in vivo skin dose delivered by intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and determine the factors associated with an increased risk of radiation‐induced skin toxicity.MethodologyA total of 21 breast cancer patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery and IORT, either as IORT alone or IORT boost plus external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), were recruited in this prospective study. EBT3 film was calibrated in water and used to measure skin dose during IORT at concentric circles of 5 mm and 40 mm away from the applicator. For patients who also had EBRT, the maximum skin dose was estimated using the radiotherapy treatment planning system. Mid‐term skin toxicities were evaluated at 3 and 6 months post‐IORT.ResultsThe average skin dose at 5 mm and 40 mm away from the applicator was 3.07 ± 0.82 Gy and 0.99 ± 0.28 Gy, respectively. Patients treated with IORT boost plus EBRT received an additional skin dose of 41.07 ± 1.57 Gy from the EBRT component. At 3 months post‐IORT, 86% of patients showed no evidence of skin toxicity. However, the number of patients suffering from skin toxicity increased from 15% to 38% at 6 months post‐IORT. We found no association between the IORT alone or with the IORT boost plus EBRT and skin toxicity. Older age was associated with increased risk of skin toxicities. A mathematical model was derived to predict skin dose.ConclusionEBT3 film is a suitable dosimeter for in vivo skin dosimetry in IORT, providing patient‐specific skin doses. Both IORT alone and IORT boost techniques resulted in similar skin toxicity rates.
An Efficient Bifunctional Air Electrode for Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Zhou Yucun , Zhang Weilin , Kane Nicholas , Luo Zheyu , Pei Kai , Sasaki Kotaro , Choi YongMan , Chen Yu , Ding Dong , Liu Meilin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the main bottlenecks that limit the performance of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs) is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER). Here, the significantly enhanced ORR and OER kinetics and stability of a conventional La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ (LSCF) air electrode by an efficient catalyst coating of barium cobaltite (BCO) is reported. The polarization resistance of a BCO‐coated LSCF air electrode at 600 °C is 0.16 Ω cm2, about 30% of that of the bare LSCF air electrode under the same conditions. Further, an R‐PCEC with the BCO‐coated LSCF air electrode shows exceptional performance in both fuel cell (peak power density of 1.16 W cm−2 at 600 °C) and electrolysis (current density of 1.80 A cm−2 at 600 °C at 1.3 V) modes. The performance enhancement is attributed mainly to the facilitated rate of oxygen surface exchange.
Hierarchically Porous Monolith with High MOF Accessibility and Strengthened Mechanical Properties using Water‐in‐Oil High Internal Phase Emulsion Template
Authors: Wang Jierui , Qin Jianliang , Zhu He , Li Bo‐Geng , Zhu Shiping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh internal phase emulsion (HIPE) is a promising template for the construction of metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based hierarchically porous monoliths. However, the current approaches still suffer from many issues, such as MOF embedment in polymer matrix and poor mechanical performance. In this work, a co‐stabilization strategy is employed to prepare water‐in‐oil HIPEs and the corresponding MOF‐based poly‐HIPEs. The effects of emulsifier concentration, type and volume of continuous oil phase, and type of initiator are thoroughly investigated. ZIF‐8 particles with size comparable to the thickness of the cellular wall are adopted to avoid the problem of MOF embedment. As a result, the obtained monolith shows enhanced mechanical properties and a hierarchically porous structure with ≈80% of ZIF‐8 accessible. Due to these unique features, the ZIF‐8‐based hierarchically porous monoliths exhibit greatly accelerated adsorption kinetics in iodine removal, showing great promise for future industrial applications.
Machine‐Assisted Preparation of a Chiral Diamine Ligand Library and In Silico Screening Using Ab Initio Structural Parameters for Heterogeneous Chiral Catalysts
Authors: Kuremoto Tatsuya , Sadatsune Ren , Yasukawa Tomohiro , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA ligand library containing 31 chiral diamines was synthesized using a flow‐based semiautomatic reductive amination system. These ligands were evaluated in a continuous‐flow asymmetric 1,4‐addition reaction with a heterogeneous Ni catalyst. Based on the experimental results of ab initio DFT calculations, a prediction model for enantioselectivities was successfully constructed. Furthermore, virtual screening of possible ligands was conducted to identify promising structures, which showed good enantioselectivities in experiments.magnified image
The new prognostic score for unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer treated with nivolumab: A multi‐institutional cohort study
Authors: Sato Sho , Oshima Yoko , Matsumoto Yu , Seto Yasuyuki , Yamashita Hiroharu , Hayano Koichi , Kano Masayuki , Ono Hidetaka Andrew , Mitsumori Norio , Fujisaki Muneharu , Kunisaki Chikara , Akiyama Hirotoshi , Endo Itaru , Ichikawa Yasushi , Urakami Hidejiro , Kubo Hirokazu , Nagaoka Sakae , Shimada Hideaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world outcomes of nivolumab treatment for gastric cancer and associated prognostic factors remain unclear; the present study aimed to evaluate both items.MethodsA total of 278 consecutive patients treated with nivolumab for gastric cancer during 2017‐2019 were enrolled in this multi‐institutional retrospective cohort study. The impact of laboratory findings, immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), and clinicopathological factors on long‐term survival was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe response rate was 11.7% in patients with measurable lesions. The overall and progression‐free survival estimates were 6.77 and 2.53 months, respectively. The incidence of irAEs was 30.6% (6.8% for grade ≥3). There were no treatment‐related deaths. Multivariate analysis revealed that C‐reactive protein level of ≤0.5 mg/dL (hazard ratio = 0.476, P < .001), irAE occurrence (hazard ratio = 0.544, P < .001), albumin level of >3.5 g/dL (hazard ratio = 0.688, P = .045), performance status 0 (hazard ratio = 0.711, P = .028), lymphocyte count >1000/μL (hazard ratio = 0.686, P = .027), and differentiated histological type (hazard ratio = 0.740, P = .046) were independently associated with improved survival. The median survival of patients with four or more good prognostic factors was 18.3 months.ConclusionNivolumab showed safety and survival benefits in patients with previously treated unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer. Low C‐reactive protein level, irAE occurrence, high albumin level, high lymphocyte count, and differentiated histological type may affect outcomes. The presence of four or more good prognostic factors may help identify likely long‐term survivors.
Settling a family feud: a high‐level phylogenomic framework for the Gentianales based on 353 nuclear genes and partial plastomes
Authors: Antonelli Alexandre , Clarkson James J. , Kainulainen Kent , Maurin Olivier , Brewer Grace E. , Davis Aaron P. , Epitawalage Niroshini , Goyder David J. , Livshultz Tatyana , Persson Claes , Pokorny Lisa , Straub Shannon C. K. , Struwe Lena , Zuntini Alexandre R. , Forest Félix , Baker William J. 
Published: July 2021

PremiseComprising five families that vastly differ in species richness—ranging from Gelsemiaceae with 13 species to the Rubiaceae with 13,775 species—members of the Gentianales are often among the most species‐rich and abundant plants in tropical forests. Despite considerable phylogenetic work within particular families and genera, several alternative topologies for family‐level relationships within Gentianales have been presented in previous studies.MethodsHere we present a phylogenomic analysis based on nuclear genes targeted by the Angiosperms353 probe set for approximately 150 species, representing all families and approximately 85% of the formally recognized tribes. We were able to retrieve partial plastomes from off‐target reads for most taxa and infer phylogenetic trees for comparison with the nuclear‐derived trees.ResultsWe recovered high support for over 80% of all nodes. The plastid and nuclear data are largely in agreement, except for some weakly to moderately supported relationships. We discuss the implications of our results for the order’s classification, highlighting points of increased support for previously uncertain relationships. Rubiaceae is sister to a clade comprising (Gentianaceae + Gelsemiaceae) + (Apocynaceae + Loganiaceae).ConclusionsThe higher‐level phylogenetic relationships within Gentianales are confidently resolved. In contrast to recent studies, our results support the division of Rubiaceae into two subfamilies: Cinchonoideae and Rubioideae. We do not formally recognize Coptosapelteae and Luculieae within any particular subfamily but treat them as incertae sedis. Our framework paves the way for further work on the phylogenetics, biogeography, morphological evolution, and macroecology of this important group of flowering plants.
Workplace improvements to support safe and sustained return to work: Suggestions from a survey of workers with permanent impairments
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Edmonds Amy T. , MacEachen Ellen , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRoughly 10% of occupational injuries result in permanent impairment. After initial return to work (RTW), many workers with permanent impairments face RTW interruption due to reinjury, unstable health, disability, and layoff. This study used open‐ended survey data to: (1) explore workplace factors identified by workers as important levers for change, some of which may previously have been unrecognized; and (2) summarize workers' suggestions for workplace improvements to promote sustained RTW and prevent reinjury.MethodsThis study included data from workers' compensation claims and telephone surveys of 582 Washington State workers who had RTW after a work‐related injury involving permanent impairment. The survey was conducted in 2019, about a year after claim closure. We used qualitative content analysis methods to inductively code open‐ended survey responses.ResultsThe most frequent themes were: safety precautions/safer workplace (18.1%), adequate staffing/appropriate task distribution (16.2%), and safety climate (14.1%). Other frequent themes included ergonomics, rest breaks, job strain, predictability and flexibility in work scheduling practices, employer response to injury, social support, communication, and respect. Many workers reported that they were not listened to, or that their input was not sought or valued. Workers often linked communication deficiencies to preventable deficiencies in safety practices, safety climate, and RTW practices, and also to lack of respect or distrust. In counterpoint, nearly one‐third of respondents reported that no change was needed to their workplace.ConclusionsPolicies and interventions targeting worker‐suggested workplace improvements may promote safe and sustained RTW, which is essential for worker health and economic stability.
Investment in science can mitigate the negative impacts of land use on declining primate populations
Authors: Zhao Xumao , Li Xinrui , Garber Paul A. , Qi Xinzhang , Xiang Zuofu , Liu Xiang , Lian Zhongmin , Li Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChanges in land use and the conversion of natural forests to agricultural fields and cattle pastures are threatening the survival of many species of wild animals, including nonhuman primates. Given its almost 1.4 billion people, China faces a difficult challenge in balancing economic development, human well‐being, environmental protection, and animal conservation. We examined the effects of poverty, anthropogenic land use (cropland and pasture/grazing), human population growth, government investment in science and public attention to primates during the period from the 1980s to 2015 on primate population persistence in China. We analyzed these data using generalized mixed‐effects models, structural equation models (SEM) and random forests (a machine learning technique). We found that 16 of 21 (76%) primate species in China, for which data are available, have experienced a population decline over the past 35 years. Factors contributing most to primate population decline included human poverty and the conversion of natural habitat to cropland. In contrast, the five species of primates that were characterized by recent population increases were the subjects of substantial government research funding and their remaining distribution occurs principally in protected areas (PAs). We argue that increased funding for research, the establishment and expansion of PAs, a national policy focused on reducing poverty, and educational programs designed to inform and encourage local people to participate in scientific investigation and wildlife protection, can mitigate the negative impacts of historical patterns of land conversion on primate population survival in China.
Reproductive endocrinology of wild female woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii) during puberty, ovarian cyclicity, and pregnancy
Authors: Abondano Laura A. , Ziegler Toni E. , Di Fiore Anthony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBehavioral observations can provide clues about female reproductive status. However, the study of the endocrine dynamics that underlie processes such as puberty, ovulation, conception, and gestation, may help increase our understanding of female reproductive biology. We used noninvasive methods to study female reproductive endocrinology in wild woolly monkeys (genus Lagothrix). We extracted ovarian steroid hormones from fecal samples collected non‐invasively to examine changes in the concentrations of progesterone and estrogen metabolites (pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide and estrone‐3‐glucuronide, respectively) during periods of female puberty, ovarian cyclicity, and pregnancy. The two subadult females in our study showed significant increases in ovarian hormone concentrations before disappearing and presumably dispersing, suggesting that they might reach the onset of puberty before emigrating from their natal groups. Ovarian cycle length in adult females was, on average, ~22 days (N = 21). Of the 10 cycling females, five conceived and four gave birth to offspring, with an average gestation period of ~214 days, but the infant born to the female with the shortest estimated gestation period (182 days) disappeared within a month after parturition. The fact that less than half of all cycling females conceived, and that only three out of five of those females gave birth to offspring that survived past the first month, suggests that reproduction is energetically costly for female woolly monkeys. Ovarian cycle length and gestation period among woolly monkeys are similar to those in their closest relatives, spider monkeys and muriquis suggesting that reproductive physiology may be highly conserved among females within the Tribe Atelini.
High‐Throughput Computational Evaluation of Low Symmetry Pd2L4Cages to Aid in System Design**
Authors: Tarzia Andrew , Lewis James E. M. , Jelfs Kim E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnsymmetrical ditopic ligands can self‐assemble into reduced‐symmetry Pd2L4metallo‐cages with anisotropic cavities, with implications for high specificity and affinity guest‐binding. Mixtures of cage isomers can form, however, resulting in undesirable system heterogeneity. It is paramount to be able to design components that preferentially form a single isomer. Previous data suggested that computational methods could predict with reasonable accuracy whether unsymmetrical ligands would preferentially self‐assemble into single cage isomers under constraints of geometrical mismatch. We successfully apply a collaborative computational and experimental workflow to mitigate costly trial‐and‐error synthetic approaches. Our rapid computational workflow constructs unsymmetrical ligands and their Pd2L4cage isomers, ranking the likelihood for exclusively formingcis‐Pd2L4assemblies. From this narrowed search space, we successfully synthesised four new, low‐symmetry,cis‐Pd2L4cages.
Discharge‐Induced Enhancement of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hao Jinhui , Luo Wei , Wang Shuaishuai , Zhao Kun , Hou Jianwen , Li Longhua , Ge Baoxin , Yang Wenshu , Shi Weidong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fundamental understanding of the surface reconstruction induced by the applied potential is of great significance for enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we show that a previously overlooked discharge current in the low applied potential region also leads to in situ electrochemical activation of a nitrogen‐doped nickel oxyhydroxide surface. We exploit the fact that doping of heteroatoms weakens the surface structure, and hence, a weak discharge current originating from the capacitive nature of nickel oxyhydroxide has a strong structure‐reforming ability to promote the formation of nitrogen and oxygen vacancies. The current density at 1.4 V (vs. Hg/HgO) can dramatically increase by as much as 31.3 % after discharge in the low applied potential region. This work provides insight into in situ enhancement of the OER and suggests that the low applied potential region must be a primary consideration in evaluating the origin of the activity of electrocatalysts.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals In Situ Behaviors of Multiple Components in Aerosol Particles
Authors: Jiang Yuming , Sun Jie , Xiong Caiqiao , Liu Huihui , Li Yuze , Wang Xiao , Nie Zongxiu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe inhalation of atmospheric particles is deleterious to human health. However, as a complex mixture, tracing the behaviors of multiple components from real aerosol particles is crucial but unachievable by the existing methods. Here, taking advantage of the intrinsic fingerprints of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in carbonaceous aerosol (CA) upon laser irradiation, we proposed a label‐free mass spectrometry imaging method to visualize and quantify the deposition, translocation and component variation of CA in organs. With this method, the heterogeneous deposition, clearance and release behavior of CA in lung, that more OC was released in parenchyma and OC was cleared faster than EC, was observed. The translocation of CA to extrapulmonary organs including kidney, liver, spleen and even brain was also verified and quantified. By comparing the ratio of OC to EC, an organ‐specific release behavior of OC from CA during circulation was revealed. In orthotopic lung and liver tumor, OC was found to penetrate more into tumor foci than EC. This technique provides deeper information for understanding the systemic health effects of aerosol particles.
Antimicrobial activities of cadmium (II) and nickel (II) complexes containing pyridine ring: Investigation of crystallographic, spectroscopic, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and TD/DFT calculations
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Fang , Li Cheng‐Guo , Chai Yong‐Mei , Chai Lan‐Qin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo complexes [Cd(L)2(NO3)2] (1) and [Ni(L)2(OH)2][Ni(L)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2·CH3OH (2) (L = 2‐[2‐pyridyl]‐4‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinazolin 3‐oxide) were gained via complexation an amount of the new ligand L with different nitrate salts. The obtained complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallographic. In the crystal structure, centrosymmetric 1 adopted slightly distorted octahedral geometry. On the other hand, the independent unit of 2 contained two half Ni (II) complex located on a center of symmetry, differing for the axial ligand, two uncoordinated nitrate ions, and one lattice methanol molecule. Both the crystal structures formed a 3‐D supramolecular architecture through different interactions (H‐bonds, π···π, etc). X‐ray crystallography revealed that complexes 1 and 2 had 2:1 ligand‐to‐metal ratios. Most strikingly, 1 performed different fluorescence behaviors in diverse solvents, whereas 2 exhibited fluorescence quenching. When 1 was dissolution in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent system, it has better fluorescence properties. The geometry optimization and HOMOs and LUMOs energies of both complexes were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) methods, and the nucleophilic and electrophilic attack sites were confirmed with electrostatic potential (ESP) calculations. Preliminary investigation of antimicrobial activities of all compounds against Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) was reported. Additionally, CrystalExplorer program was used to quantify the noncovalent interactions in complexes 1 and 2 through Hirshfeld surface analysis.