bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontario dentists' ease to discuss sensitive health issues with their patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Huynh Christine , Aldossri Musfer A. , Quiñonez Carlos R. , Manson Heather , Singhal Sonica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesWith consistent calls for a more integrated approach to improve the healthcare system's effectiveness, the scope of practice for dentists has expanded; dentists are now seen to positively intervene to address several sensitive health issues among their patients. However, it is not clear how comfortable dentists feel in doing so. This study endeavored to assess self‐perceived ease of dentists to discuss various sensitive health issues and if their socio‐demographics influence their ease.MethodsA self‐administered online survey was sent to Ontario dentists (n = 9975) to assess their self‐perceived ease in discussing five sensitive health issues with their patients: eating disorders, substance abuse, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), sexual behaviors, and physical abuse. Ordinal logistic regressions were performed along with descriptive analyses.ResultsThe response rate was 9.3%. Over 50% of participants indicated difficulty discussing STIs, sexual behaviors and physical abuse. Younger dentists, female practitioners, dentists practicing in private settings, and those practicing in rural areas perceived more difficulty to discuss all five health issues. Place of training was also a significant predictor: internationally trained dentists perceived it easier to discuss eating disorders, substance abuse, and physical abuse while Canadian trained were more at ease to discuss STIs and sexual behaviors.ConclusionThis exploratory study identified that a large proportion of dentists are not comfortable discussing sensitive health issue with their patients. There are numerous opportunities for intervention in Canadian dental curriculums, continuing education programs, and communication practices to support dentists' discussions with patients about these important health concerns.
Development of a versatile copper‐responsive gene expression system in the plant‐pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Kim Sieun , Park Jiyeun , Kim Dohun , Choi Soyoung , Moon Heeji , Young Shin Ji , Kim Jung‐Eun , Son Hokyoung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFusarium graminearum is an important plant‐pathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium head blight on wheat and barley, and ear rot on maize worldwide. This fungus has been widely used as a model organism to study various biological processes of plant‐pathogenic fungi because of its amenability to genetic manipulation and well‐established outcross system. Gene deletion and overexpression/constitutive expression of target genes are tools widely used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying fungal development, virulence, and secondary metabolite production. However, for fine‐tuning gene expression and studying essential genes, a conditional gene expression system is necessary that enables repression or induction of gene expression by modifying external conditions. Until now, only a few conditional expression systems have been developed in plant‐pathogenic fungi. This study proposes a new and versatile conditional gene expression system in F. graminearum using the promoter of a copper‐responsive gene, designated F. graminearum copper‐responsive 1 (FCR1). Transcript levels of FCR1 were found to be greatly affected by copper availability conditions. Moreover, the promoter (PFCR1), 1 kb upstream of the FCR1 open reading frame, was sufficient to confer copper‐dependent gene expression. Replacement of a green fluorescent protein gene and FgENA5 promoter with a PFCR1 promoter clearly showed that PFCR1 could be used for fine‐tuning gene expression in this fungus. We also demonstrated the applicability of this conditional gene expression system to an essential gene study by replacing the promoter of FgIRE1, an essential gene of F. graminearum. This enabled the generation of FgIRE1 suppression mutants, which allowed functional characterization of the gene. This study reported the first conditional gene expression system in F. graminearum using both repression and induction. This system would be a convenient way to precisely control gene expression and will be used to determine the biological functions of various genes, including essential ones.
Stress and quality of life of intensive care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Self‐efficacy and resilience as resources
Authors: Peñacoba Cecilia , Catala Patricia , Velasco Lilian , Carmona‐Monge Francisco Javier , Garcia‐Hedrera Fernando J. , Gil‐Almagro Fernanda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth care workers employed in the COVID‐19 emergency are at a high risk of stress.Aims and objectivesTo explore the mediating roles of self‐efficacy and resilience between stress and both physical and mental quality‐of‐life components in intensive care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignCross‐sectional survey design.MethodsThe stress subscale (depression, anxiety, and stress scale in Spanish Scale, DASS‐21), the summary components (physical and mental) of health‐related quality of life (SF‐36), the general self‐efficacy scale (GSES), and the resilience scale (RS‐14) were administered in 308 intensive care nurses. Serial multiple mediator models were used.ResultsThere was a significant indirect effect of levels of perceived stress on both physical and mental health components through self‐efficacy and resilience. Specifically, greater perception of self‐efficacy was associated with a lower perception of stress and greater resilience, while higher resilience was associated with greater physical and mental health (B = −0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.07, −0.01]; B = −0.03, SE = 0.01, 95% CI = [−0.07, −0.01], respectively). It was observed that self‐efficacy alone also mediates the relationship of the perception of stress on the components of physical and mental health (B = −0.07; SE = 0.05; 95% CI = [−0.18, −0.03]; B = −0.09; SE = 0.04; 95% CI = [−0.17, −0.24], respectively). However, resilience alone was not a significant mediator of these associations.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that stress is linked to the physical and mental health components related to quality of life through self‐efficacy and resilience.Relevance to clinical practiceThese psychological resources would allow the nursing staff to maintain a good quality of life despite high levels of stress. These findings have implications for future research in terms of both model testing and clinical application.
Admixture may be extensive among hyperdominant Amazon rainforest tree species
Authors: Larson Drew A. , Vargas Oscar M. , Vicentini Alberto , Dick Christopher W. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAdmixture is a mechanism by which species of long‐lived plants may acquire novel alleles. However, the potential role of admixture in the origin and maintenance of tropical plant diversity is unclear. We ask whether admixture occurs in an ecologically important clade ofEschweilera(Parvifolia clade, Lecythidaceae), which includes some of the most widespread and abundant tree species in Amazonian forests.Using target capture sequencing, we conducted a detailed phylogenomic investigation of 33 species in the Parvifolia clade and investigated specific hypotheses of admixture within a robust phylogenetic framework.We found strong evidence of admixture among three ecologically dominant species,E.coriacea,E.wachenheimiiandE.parviflora, but a lack of evidence for admixture among other lineages. Accepted species were largely distinguishable from one another, as was geographic structure within species.We show that hybridization may play a role in the evolution of the most widespread and ecologically variable Amazonian tree species. While admixture occurs among some species ofEschweilera, it has not led to widespread erosion of most species’ genetic or morphological identities. Therefore, current morphological based species circumscriptions appear to provide a useful characterization of the clade's lineage diversity.
Progress in soybean functional genomics over the past decade
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu Shulin , Wang Zhao , Yuan Yaqin , Zhang Zhifang , Liang Qianjin , Yang Xia , Duan Zongbiao , Liu Yucheng , Kong Fanjiang , Liu Baohui , Ren Bo , Tian Zhixi 
Published: August 2021

SummarySoybean is one of the most important oilseed and fodder crops. Benefiting from the efforts of soybean breeders and the development of breeding technology, large number of germplasm has been generated over the last 100 years. Nevertheless, soybean breeding needs to be accelerated to meet the needs of a growing world population, to promote sustainable agriculture and to address future environmental changes. The acceleration is highly reliant on the discoveries in gene functional studies. The release of the reference soybean genome in 2010 has significantly facilitated the advance in soybean functional genomics. Here, we review the research progress in soybean omics (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics and proteomics), germplasm development (germplasm resources and databases), gene discovery (genes that are responsible for important soybean traits including yield, flowering and maturity, seed quality, stress resistance, nodulation and domestication) and transformation technology during the past decade. At the end, we also briefly discuss current challenges and future directions.
Integrating dermatology services into a social pediatrics network: 8 years of experience in the RICHER (Responsive, Interdisciplinary/Intersectoral, Child/Community, Health, Education and Research) program
Authors: Rehmus Wingfield , Zarbafian Misha , Alobaida Saud , Bland Clea , Hanson Denise , McIntosh Gwyn , Pikksalu Kristina , Loock Christine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSocial pediatric initiatives aim to improve health outcomes for vulnerable children by working in the community to empower families, to enhance protective factors that mitigate adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and to deliver place‐based health care. In 2012, pediatric dermatology was added as a component of the Responsive, Interdisciplinary Intersectoral Child and Community Health Education and Research (RICHER) social pediatric program in Vancouver, BC. We share our experience with inclusion of pediatric dermatology in a well‐established social pediatric program as well as lessons we have learned in the first 8 years of our partnership. Partnership, bridging trust, knowledge sharing, empowerment, consistency, and flexibility were found to be central elements in the success of this endeavor.
Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in Japan: A nationwide claims database analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Togo Kanae , Agosti Yasmeen , McLaughlin John M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalization for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infancy. In Japan, limited data are publicly available on RSV epidemiology and clinical characteristics among infants.MethodsThis retrospective study described RSV incidence, seasonality, patient characteristics, resource use, and clinical outcomes among Japanese children <2 years from January 2017 through December 2018. The RSV cases were identified using the Japanese Medical Data Center database.ResultsIn the database, 9,711 and 8,509 RSV patients <2 years were identified in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Of these, 25% required hospitalization. Ninety percent of hospitalized patients did not have a known RSV risk factor. Nineteen percent of hospitalized patients experienced dehydration, and 12% had acute respiratory failure. Hospitalization lasted 1 week on average and 7% required some type of mechanical ventilation. The peak of hospitalizations occurred at 2 months. The incidence of RSV hospitalization in children <2 years was 23.2 per 1,000 person‐years, which increased to 35.4 per 1,000 for infants <6 months. This age group accounted for 40% of all RSV‐associated hospitalizations among children <2 years.ConclusionsRoughly one‐fourth of all RSV patients <2 years were hospitalized. Ninety percent of these did not have an underlying risk condition. This underscores that RSV can cause serious disease among all young children. Three to four out of every 100 Japanese children <6 months were hospitalized for RSV, and this age group accounted for ~40% of all RSV‐associated hospitalizations. Novel and broad‐based RSV prevention strategies, especially those targeting young infants, are needed.
The mechanisms of silicon on maintaining water balance under water deficit stress
Authors: Wang Dan , Hou Lei , Zhang Li , Liu Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWater deficit stress severely threatens crop yield and numerous reports have shown silicon could enhance plants resistance to water deficit. One of the most important mechanisms is that silicon maintains the water balance. In this review, we summarized advanced research to elucidate the effect of silicon on plant water transport processes, including leaf water loss, vessel water transport, and root water uptake. In leaves, the deposition of silica phytolith on cuticle and stomata decreases transpirational water loss under water deficit stress. However, accumulating evidence suggest that silicon maintaining leaf water content is not through reducing water loss, but through osmotic adjustments, enhancing water transport and uptake. Enhancement of stem water transport efficiency by silicon is due to silica phytolith depositing in the cell wall of vessel tubes and pits, which support it avoiding to collapse and embolism, respectively. The improvement of root water uptake capacity by silicon acts as a key role in maintaining water balance. The underlying mechanisms include (i) enlargement of the root water uptake area, (ii) improvement of the water driving force, (iii) the prevention of water loss from root to soil, and (iv) the up‐regulation of aquaporin activity. This review provides three simple models to understand the mechanism of silicon on water balance and highlights the future research area.
An intervention study for the prevention of vasovagal reactions and evaluating donors' experience: Analysis of donors' return for subsequent donation
Authors: Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna , Prinsze Femmeke , van den Brekel Elise , van Dongen Anne , Hermans Frank , Bokhorst Arlinke , der Kreek Tanneke Marijt‐van 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe EPISoDe (Experience Success in Donation) study investigated the effect of interventions on self‐reported vasovagal reactions (VVRs) in first‐time and novice (second to fourth donation) whole blood donors aged ≤30 years, demonstrating a 23% reduction of VVR from water drinking shortly before donation in the novice donors. Because donation experience and complications affect donor retention, we analysed intervention group donors' return for subsequent donation, a predefined secondary outcome.Materials and MethodsThe interventions were as follows: 330 ml water, 500 ml water, ball squeezing before phlebotomy (placebo) and a control group. All donors received an online questionnaire about their experience within a week after donation. In the Netherlands, eligible donors are invited at least yearly depending on hospitals' needs. We analysed attendances within 421 days through return percentages and binomial logistic regression.ResultsOf the 8300 EPISoDe participants, 6538 (78.8%) returned within 421 days. Return did not differ between the two water groups, whereas odds for return were significantly higher in both water and placebo intervention donors compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.29 and 1.22, 1.05–1.43, respectively) after adjustment for occurrence of VVR, unsuccessful collection, gender and donation history. Staff‐recorded or self‐reported VVR at index donation was associated with reduced odds for return (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.37–0.60 and OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.46–0.61, respectively).ConclusionIn this cohort of younger inexperienced blood donors, 78.8% returned for subsequent donation. Donors who received an active study intervention, either water or placebo, were more likely to return than control group donors.
Material Mechanics and Hussein Zbib: A Tribute to His Memory
Authors: Aifantis Elias C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A number of new trends in material mechanics and engineering science can be traced back to the PhD work of Hussein Zbib at Michigan Technological University (MTU). In particular, the topics of shear bands and plastic instabilities found a new basis and direction, prompting distinguished researchers—whom he begun interacting with during his doctoral and post-doctoral years (seeAppendix)—to turn their attention to gradient plasticity and make their own monumental contributions in this field. This article first provides a brief account of the initial attempts, I had the joy to share with him, on gradient mechanics theory and its implications to the problems of strain localization and size effects. It then continues with a brief exposition of topics that his “scientific family” has taken up in parallel with him or later on. Finally, it concludes with a sketch of ideas I discussed with him during his post-doctoral period at MTU and his tenure period as a faculty member and Chairman at Washington State University (WSU) which, unfortunately, he did not have the time to elaborate upon.
Characteristics of child welfare investigations reported by healthcare professionals in Ontario: secondary analysis of a regional database
Authors: Livingston Eliza , Joh-Carnella Nicolette , Lindberg Daniel M , Vandermorris Ashley , Smith Jennifer , Kagan-Cassidy Miya , Giokas Danielle , Fallon Barbara 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThis study examines the characteristics and outcomes of child welfare investigations reported by hospital-based and community-based healthcare professionals.MethodsA sample of 7590 child maltreatment-related investigations from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2018, a cross-sectional study, was analysed. Bivariate analyses compared characteristics of hospital and community healthcare-reported investigations. Chi-square automatic interaction detector analyses were used to predict the most influential factors in the decision to provide a family with services following a child welfare investigation from each referral source.ResultsCommunity healthcare-reported investigations were more likely to have a primary concern of physical abuse while hospital-reported investigations were more likely to be focused on assessing risk of future maltreatment. Hospital-reported investigations were more likely to involve noted primary caregiver (eg, mental health issues, alcohol/drug abuse, victim of intimate partner violence (IPV)) and household risk factors. The most significant predictor of service provision following an investigation was having a caregiver who was identified as a victim of IPV in hospital-reported investigations (χ2=30.237, df=1, adj. p<0.001) and having a caregiver for whom few social supports was noted in community healthcare-reported investigations (χ2=18.892, df=1, adj. p<0.001).ConclusionHealthcare professionals likely interact with children who are at high risk for maltreatment. This study’s findings highlight the important role that healthcare professionals play in child maltreatment identification, which may differ across hospital-based and community-based settings and has implications for future collaborations between the healthcare and child welfare systems.
The conformal anomaly action to fourth order (4T) in $$d=4$$ in momentum space
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Maglio Matteo Maria , Theofilopoulos Dimosthenis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe elaborate on the structure of the conformal anomaly effective action up to 4-th order, in an expansion in the gravitational fluctuations (h) of the background metric, in the flat spacetime limit. For this purpose we discuss the renormalization of 4-point functions containing insertions of stress-energy tensors (4T), in conformal field theories in four spacetime dimensions with the goal of identifying the structure of the anomaly action. We focus on a separation of the correlator into its transverse/traceless and longitudinal components, applied to the trace and conservation Ward identities (WI) in momentum space. These are sufficient to identify, from their hierarchical structure, the anomaly contribution, without the need to proceed with a complete determination of all of its independent form factors. Renormalization induces sequential bilinear graviton-scalar mixings on single, double and multiple trace terms, corresponding to $$R\square ^{-1}$$

R

□

-
1

interactions of the scalar curvature, with intermediate virtual massless exchanges. These dilaton-like terms couple to the conformal anomaly, as for the chiral anomalous WIs. We show that at 4T level a new traceless component appears after renormalization. We comment on future extensions of this result to more general backgrounds, with possible applications to non local cosmologies.
Probing gluon number density with electron-dijet correlations at EIC
Authors: van Hameren A. , Kotko P. , Kutak K. , Sapeta S. , Żarów E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel way of studying the gluon number density (the so-called Weizsäcker–Williams gluon distribution) using the planned Electron Ion Collider. Namely, with the help of the azimuthal correlations between the total transverse momentum of the dijet system and the scattered electron, we examine an interplay between the effect of the soft gluon emissions (the Sudakov form factor) and the gluon saturation effects. The kinematic cuts are chosen such that the dijet system is produced in the forward direction in the laboratory frame, which provides an upper bound on the probed longitudinal fractions of the hadron momentum carried by scattered gluons. Further cuts enable us to use the factorization formalism that directly involves the unpolarized Weizsäcker–Williams gluon distribution. We find this observable to be very sensitive to the soft gluon emission and moderately sensitive to the gluon saturation.
Geochemical and palaeomagnetic characteristics of the Vestfold Hills mafic dykes in the Prydz Bay region: implications of a Paleoproterozoic connection between East Antarctica and Proto-India
Authors: Pandit Manoj K. , Pivarunas Anthony , Meert Joseph G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Archean age granite gneiss basement along the Prydz Bay coastline in East Antarctica hosts north–south-, east–west-, NE–SW- and NW–SE-trending mafic dyke swarms in the Vestfold Hills region that intruded between 2420 and 1250 Ma. The orientations of dykes do not show a direct correlation with the dyke geochemistry. Instead the dykes can be broadly discriminated into high-Mg and Fe-rich tholeiites. The former type is more siliceous, large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), high field strength elements (HFSEs) and light REEs enriched crystallized from a fractionated melt with a notable crustal component or fluid enrichment through the previous subduction process. The Fe-rich tholeiites are less siliceous, have lower abundances of LILEs and REEs, that indicates derivation from an undifferentiated, primitive melt. The geochemical characteristics of both types underline a shallow level and a high degree of melting in the majority of cases, and a broadly island arc basalt (IAB) affinity. Palaeomagnetic analysis of hand samples shows directional groups consistent with geochemical groupings. The Vestfold Hills dykes show a possible linkage with the coeval mafic dykes in the Eastern Dharwar and Bastar cratons of the South Indian Block, based on the similarity in the Paleoproterozoic palaeolatitudes.