bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive serum biomarker analysis in the prethrombotic state of recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Wu Ying , Xin Mingwei , Han Qian , Wang Jingshang , Yin Xiaodan , He Junqin , Yin Chenghong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe prethrombotic state (PTS) is a possible cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The aim of this study was to identify serum biomarkers for the detection of RSA with PTS (PSRSA). A Quantibody array 440 was used to screen novel serum‐based biomarkers for PSRSA/NRSA (RSA without PTS). Proteins differentially expressed in PSRSA were analysed using bioinformatics methods and subjected to a customized array and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validation. We used receiver operating characteristic to calculate diagnostic accuracy, and machine learning methods to establish a biomarker model for evaluation of the identified targets. 20 targets were selected for validation using a customized array, and seven targets via ELISA. The decision tree model showed that IL‐24 was the first node and eotaxin‐3 was the second node distinguishing the PSRSA and NRSA groups (an accuracy rate of 100% and an AUC of 1). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) as the node distinguished the PSRSA and NC groups (an accuracy rate of 100% and an AUC of 1). EGF as the node distinguished the NRSA and NC groups (an accuracy rate of 96.5% and an AUC of 0.998). Serum DNAM‐1, BAFF, CNTF, LAG‐3, IL‐24, Eotaxin‐3 and EGF represent a panel of promising diagnostic biomarkers to detect the PSRSA.
Immunoproteasome impairment via β5i/LMP7‐deletion leads to sustained pancreatic injury from experimental pancreatitis
Authors: de Freitas Chama Laura L. , Ebstein Frédéric , Wiesrecker Birthe , Wagh Preshit R. , Hammer Elke , Weiss Frank U. , Junker Heike , Studencka‐Turski Maja , Lerch Markus M. , Krüger Elke , Sendler Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUncovering potential new targets involved in pancreatitis may permit the development of new therapies and improvement of patient's outcome. Acute pancreatitis is a primarily sterile disease characterized by a severe systemic inflammatory response associated with extensive necrosis and a mortality rate of up to 24%. Considering that one of the reported disease mechanisms comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and that the immunoproteasome is a key regulator to prevent proteotoxic stress in an inflammatory context, we investigated its role in acute pancreatitis. In this study, we demonstrate that immunoproteasome deficiency by deletion of the β5i/LMP7‐subunit leads to persistent pancreatic damage. Interestingly, immunoproteasome‐deficient mice unveil increased activity of pancreatic enzymes in the acute disease phase as well as higher secretion of Interleukin‐6 and transcript expression of the Interleukin IL‐1β, IFN‐β cytokines and the CXCL‐10 chemokine. Cell death was increased in immunoproteasome‐deficient mice, which appears to be due to the increased accumulation of ubiquitin‐protein conjugates and prolonged unfolded protein response. Accordingly, our findings suggest that the immunoproteasome plays a protective role in acute pancreatitis via its role in the clearance of damaged proteins and the balance of ER stress responses in pancreatic acini and in macrophages cytokine production.
Electrofulguration‐assisted dermabrasion is comparable to manual dermabrasion in patients undergoing autologous non‐cultured epidermal cell suspension for treatment of stable vitiligo: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dev Anubha , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Kumaran Muthu Sendhil , Bishnoi Anuradha , Srivastava Niharika , Dogra Sunil , Parsad Davinder 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecipient site preparation is a crucial step in non‐cultured epidermal cell suspension (NCES) as it facilitates proper uptake of the grafted melanocytes.ObjectivesTo compare the repigmentation rate of recipient sites prepared with manual dermabrasion (MD) versus electrofulguration‐assisted dermabrasion (EF) in patients undergoing NCES for treatment of stable vitiligo.MethodsThis was a prospective randomized study including 26 patients of stable vitiligo (VIDA 0 or −1), each having two patches of size greater than 3 × 3 cm located symmetrically or at the same site or a single patch of 6 × 6 cm or larger. After randomization of patches in the given patient, MD and EF were performed on recipient areas followed by NCES. The patients were followed up at 4 weekly intervals up to 24 weeks and assessed for extent of repigmentation and adverse effects if any.ResultsGreater than 75% repigmentation was observed in 69.3% of the patches prepared by MD as compared to 73.1% patches prepared by EF at the end of 24 weeks (p = 0.791). The mean improvement in target VASI was 64.0% in the MD group as compared to 68.8% in the EF group (p = 0.21). Patches prepared by EF achieved successful repigmentation earlier as compared to patches prepared by MD (9.4 weeks vs 11.4 weeks, p = 0.12).ConclusionBoth MD and EF have comparable outcomes with respect to all parameters.
Efficacy and safety of topical administration of tacrolimus in oral lichen planus: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Su Zhangci , Hu Jiaqi , Cheng Bin , Tao Xiaoan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSymptomatic oral lichen planus is a common chronic T‐cell‐mediated disorder characterized by pain and inflammation. The meta‐analysis aimed to compare and evaluate the effects and safety of tacrolimus for treating patients with symptomatic oral lichen planus.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was performed, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science published up to and including December 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for ongoing trials. There were no restrictions on language or date of publication. Using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, we assessed the risk of bias for randomized controlled trials and estimated the proportion of between‐trial heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 9 RCTs evaluating the effects of tacrolimus were included in this study. The results revealed no significant difference in clinical resolution and relapse between tacrolimus and corticosteroids. However, tacrolimus may be more likely to cause mild adverse effects. In particular, clinical resolution was not significantly different between tacrolimus and clobetasol propionate, and between tacrolimus and triamcinolone acetonide, while tacrolimus was more likely to cause adverse effects than triamcinolone acetonide and clobetasol propionate. Moreover, there was no significant difference in pain resolution between tacrolimus and clobetasol. Furthermore, adverse effects were not significantly different between tacrolimus and pimecrolimus.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis of 9 clinical trials supported the short‐term application of tacrolimus as an effective regimen in OLP patients resistant to other topical and systemic therapies. Furthermore, the adverse effects of tacrolimus were minor and transient and did not affect tacrolimus’ continued application.
Treatment of advanced‐stage canine nasal carcinomas with toceranib phosphate: 23 cases (2015–2020)
Authors: Merino‐Gutierrez V. , Borrego J. F. , Puig J. , Hernández A. , Clemente‐Vicario F. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the median survival time (MST) of dogs with nasal carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate.Material and methodsThe databases of four Spanish referral hospitals were retrospectively searched for dogs with a diagnosis of nasal tumours presented between January 2015 and October 2020. Dogs treated with radiotherapy or other chemotherapies prior toceranib were excluded.ResultsTwenty‐three dogs with a confirmed nasal carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate and with a CT scan for initial staging according to Adams Modified Staging System were included. Nine dogs had a stage III nasal carcinoma whereas 14 dogs had a stage IV nasal carcinoma. No dog had stages I and II nasal carcinoma. The median overall survival time was 139 days. The difference between the MST between dogs with stages III and IV was not statistically significant [P = 0.6, 140 days for stage III (range 46–401)vs120 days for stage IV (range 23–600)]. Overall, dogs with epistaxis achieved a longer median survival (166 days) than dogs without epistaxis (83 days). Toceranib phosphate was generally well tolerated. Most dogs had an initial clinical benefit followed by progressive disease.SignificanceThis is the first study to report the MST in dogs with stages III and IV nasal carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate. This retrospective study showed that toceranib phosphate decreases the clinical signs associated with nasal carcinomas.
Translocations maintain genetic diversity and increase connectivity in sea otters, Enhydra lutris
Authors: Larson Shawn , Gagne Roderick B. , Bodkin Jim , Murray Michael J. , Ralls Katherine , Bowen Lizabeth , Leblois Raphael , Piry Sylvain , Penedo Maria Cecilia , Tinker M. Tim , Ernest Holly B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSea otters, Enhydra lutris, were once abundant along the nearshore areas of the North Pacific. The international maritime fur trade that ended in 1911 left 13 small remnant populations with low genetic diversity. Subsequent translocations into previously occupied habitat resulted in several reintroduced populations along the coast of North America. We sampled sea otters between 2008 and 2011 throughout much of their current range and used 19 nuclear microsatellite markers to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure, and connectivity between remnant and reintroduced populations. Average genetic diversity within populations was similar: observed heterozygosity 0.55 and 0.53, expected heterozygosity 0.56 and 0.52, unbiased expected heterozygosity 0.57 and 0.52, for reintroduced and remnant populations, respectively. Sea otter population structure was greatest between the Northern and Southern sea otters with further structuring in Northern sea otters into Western, Central, and Southeast populations (including the reintroduced populations). Migrant analyses suggest the successful reintroductions and growth of remnant groups have enhanced connectivity and gene flow between populations throughout many of the sampled Northern populations. We recommend that future management actions for the Southern sea otter focus on future reintroductions to fill the gap between the California and Washington populations ultimately restoring gene flow to the isolated California population.
COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis: An updated systematic review of literature
Authors: Pal Rimesh , Singh Birgurman , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Banerjee Mainak , Bhogal Ranjitpal Singh , Hage Neemu , Kumar Ashok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn its wake, the COVID‐19 pandemic has ushered in a surge in the number of cases of mucormycosis. Most cases are temporally linked to COVID‐19; hence, the entity is described as COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis (CAM). The present systematic review was undertaken to provide an up‐to‐date summary of the hitherto available literature on CAM. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched using appropriate keywords till 14 May 2021, to identify case reports/case series pertaining to mucormycosis in patients with COVID‐19. Relevant data extracted included demographic characteristics, comorbidity profile, clinical category of mucormycosis, glucocorticoid use, treatment offered and patient outcome. We identified 30 case reports/case series, pooling data retrieved from 99 patients with CAM. Most cases were reported from India (72%). The majority of the patients was male (78%) and had diabetes mellitus (85%). A prior history of COVID‐19 was present in 37% patients with mucormycosis developing after an initial recovery. The median time interval between COVID‐19 diagnosis and the first evidence of mucormycosis infection or CAM diagnosis was 15 days. Glucocorticoid use was reported in 85% of cases. Rhino‐orbital mucormycosis was most common (42%), followed by rhino‐orbito‐cerebral mucormycosis (24%). Pulmonary mucormycosis was observed in 10 patients (10%). The mortality rate was 34%; the use of adjunct surgery, which was undertaken in 81% of patients, was associated with better clinical outcomes (p < .001). In conclusion, CAM is an emerging problem necessitating increased vigilance in COVID‐19 patients, even those who have recovered. CAM portends a poor prognosis and warrants early diagnosis and treatment.
The Ernest Gellner Nationalism Lecture: Nationalism and the crises of global modernity
Authors: Duara Prasenjit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhether or not there is a direct causal relationship, nationalism is at the heart of all the crises in the modern world and becomes entangled in its effects. As the fundamental source of authority for all modes of governance in the world, we are beholden to its capacity to resolve these cascading crises. I argue that the nation form is the ‘epistemic engine’ driving the globally circulatory and doxic Enlightenment ideal of the conquest of nature and perpetual growth that sustains the runaway technosphere. The cascading crises that we have already witnessed in this century—financial, economic, epidemic and climatological—are rooted significantly in this technosphere. At the same time, we will have to find our way through and out of these forms to secure a sustainable planet. I explore the interstitial spaces and counter‐flows of social movements that are seeking to develop a post‐Enlightenment and a planetary, rather than a global, cosmology.
Source‐to‐sink response to high‐amplitude lake level rise driven by orbital‐scale climate change: An example from the Pleistocene Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa
Authors: Tan Mingxuan , Scholz Christopher A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSedimentary systems respond to environmental forcings in dissimilar ways over different timescales. The Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift is an ideal natural laboratory for evaluating the overall functioning of lacustrine source‐to‐sink systems on orbital or younger scales. These closed sedimentary systems exhibited high spatiotemporal climate variability, and their responses to two late Pleistocene lake‐level stillstands are evaluated. The coarse‐grained deposits documented a dramatic transgression from 350 to 200 m below present lake‐level (BPLL) developed during an important climate transition in tropical Africa. Based on an integrated analysis of a digital elevation model and high‐resolution single/multi‐channel seismic profiles, catchment geomorphology has been linked with sediment delivery in the sink area. The coarse‐grained deposition of each source‐to‐sink system is quantified through a sediment mass calculation. A modified empirically‐derived ‘BQART’ predictor with a bedload equation to assess the sediment discharge is employed based on a Monte Carlo simulation, considering temperature lapse rate and topographic effects. The river discharges are estimated by specific empirical relationships that associate catchment area to various climate systems, developed using a global modern river database. The results show that the total sediment discharge increases from 7.53 to 9.50 Mt year−1; likewise, the preserved coarse‐grained deposits also record a significant increase in deposition rate from 350 to 200 m BPLL stage, indicating that the short length‐scale source‐to‐sink systems are sensitive to the high‐amplitude lake transgression developed from the climate shift. The volume of upstream buffered deposits may decrease within the progressively wetter climate, while the buffering degree was substantially influenced by the pre‐existing landforms. Moreover, the substantial deep‐water mud dispersal is not well‐developed, despite the relatively higher lake‐level and slightly wetter climate. This quantitative source‐to‐sink analysis with the modified sediment predictor yields preliminary constraints for system functioning in response to high‐amplitude climate change in a closed sedimentary system.
Medical students’ experiences of health inequalities and inclusion health education
Authors: Dixon Hannah , Povall Anna , Ledger Alison , Ashwell Gemma 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundInclusion health groups experience a significantly larger burden of morbidity and mortality than the general public. Despite this, undergraduate medical education is often limited in its approach to inclusion health curricula, leaving students disengaged and lacking understanding.MethodsWe conducted two research studies to explore medical students’ experiences of inclusion health education. All participants were studying medicine at the University of Leeds at the time of data collection. We gathered experiences of both compulsory and elective inclusion health education via semi‐structured interviews. Interview responses were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.FindingsWe identified several key findings across the two studies.Firstly, medical students felt unprepared to work with inclusion health groups.Further to this, medical students have a preference for interactive teaching and learning in inclusion health education.Finally, encountering inclusion health groups by chance (on placement) or choice (optional initiatives) present different opportunities.Discussion and ConclusionOur research suggests that simply being exposed to inclusion health groups through lectures and on placement is not considered sufficient by medical students, and in fact can lead to the perpetuation of misinformation and stigma.Participants perceived that optional initiatives or ‘choice encounters’ had profoundly positive impacts on attitudes and interest, particularly when there were opportunities to learn directly from individuals with lived experience of exclusion. We suggest that a flipped classroom approach to inclusion health education along with integrated experiential learning would provide medical students with comprehensive and patient‐focused learning opportunities.
Spatial key performance indicators on the statewide ambulance service coverage of multiple regional classifications
Authors: Lee EunSu , McDonald Melanie , Montgomery William , O’Neill Erin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe total population covered by the current ambulance service under threshold response time and policy is one of the major concerns for policymakers and ambulance service designers. This study investigates the statewide service coverage based on regional types of urban, rural, and frontier to address emergency medical service (EMS) disparity. A statewide ambulance coverage case study is conducted for the state of North Dakota. This study revisited the spatial key performance indicators (SKPIs) of EMS and proposed innovative spatial modeling for statewide EMS coverage in view of service users, providers, and public health designers. Statewide ground ambulance service coverages were mapped to three types of indicators, including: (a) geographical backup coverages; (b) predicted response and travel time distance at census block level; and (c) the ratio of population being covered by the threshold response time coverage at the county level using GIS. The study demonstrated that the service shortage and multiple service areas are clearly explained using the suggested SKPIs, and the underserved areas are drilled down into expected response and travel time for each census block and the population‐covered ratio for each county for further investigation.
Contrast enhanced computed tomography assessment of superficial inguinal lymph node metastasis in canine mammary gland tumors
Authors: Soultani Christina , Patsikas Michail N. , Mayer Monique , Kazakos Georgios M. , Theodoridis Theodoros D. , Vignoli Massimo , Ilia Tatiani Soultana M. , Karagiannopoulou Maria , Ilia Georgia M. , Tragoulia Ioanna , Angelou Vasileia N. , Chatzimisios Kyriakos , Tselepidis Stavros , Papadopoulou Paraskevi L. , Papazoglou Lysimachos G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMammary gland neoplasms are predominant in dogs. However, sentinel lymph node (SLN) status assessment criteria have not been established for these cases. In this retrospective, secondary analysis, diagnostic case control study, CT images of 65 superficial inguinal SLNs were obtained before and 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after intravenous administration of contrast agent (iopamidol 370 mgI/mL). The presence and degree of postcontrast enhancement were assessed, by means of the median absolute density value and the maximum absolute density value at any time point in the center and in the periphery of each SLN measured in Hounsfield units (HU), before and after contrast agent administration. These values were compared with histopathological findings postsurgical excision. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted. The absolute density values ranged widely at each time point and within each group of nodes (negative, positive, control group). At all time points, the median density value in the center and in the periphery was significantly higher in metastatic than in non‐metastatic SLNs (P ≤ .014). Among the parameters tested, the median absolute density value measured in the periphery of the SLN 3 min after injection showed the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (AUC) (87.5%, 82.1%, and 92.1% respectively), with a cutoff value of 50.9 HU. The maximum absolute density value at any time point in the center and periphery of the SLNs was also significantly higher in metastatic SLNs compared to non‐metastatic (P ≤ .001). With a cutoff value of 59.5 HU, the maximum absolute density value in the periphery of the SLN displayed high sensitivity and specificity (87.5% and 89.3%, respectively). The results of this study support the hypothesis that contrast enhanced CT imaging may aid in the assessment of SLN metastasis in dogs with mammary gland neoplasms.
Bending Frequency of a Rotating Cantilever Beam
Authors: Schilhansl M. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The stiffening effect of the centrifugal forces on the first-mode bending frequency of a rotating cantilever beam of uniform cross section is investigated by means of the method of successive approximations. It depends upon the angle made by the minor axis of inertia with the direction of the circumferential velocity.
The Bursting Pressure of Cylindrical and Spherical Vessels
Authors: Svensson N. L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The relationship between pressure and change of dimensions for cylindrical and spherical vessels subjected to internal pressure is considered for a material having a stress-strain curve of the form σ = σ0ϵn. The equations obtained are analyzed further to obtain expressions for the bursting pressure for these vessels. From these results simplified expressions are obtained for the calculation of the bursting pressure for any vessel. Comparison with one set of experimental results shows excellent agreement.
Stress Distribution Around a Circular Inclusion in a Semi-Infinite Elastic Plate
Authors: Saleme E. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper contains an exact two-dimensional solution in series form for the stresses and displacements around a circular inclusion perfectly bonded to a semi-infinite elastic plate. At infinity the plate is assumed to be in a state of uniform tension parallel to the straight boundary. It should be emphasized, however, that the method of solution presented may be applied to other types of loading. Numerical results are given for the variation along the axis of symmetry of the normal stress which is parallel to the straight boundary, for a given geometry, and various ratios of the elastic moduli of the plate and the inclusion. Finally, the known solutions corresponding to an infinite plate with a circular inclusion and to a semi-infinite plate with a circular hole are obtained as limiting cases.