bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indeterminacy in a model with production externality and inferiority in consumption
Authors: Iwasa Kazumichi , Nishimura Kazuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the dynamic property of a constant returns two‐sector model with sector‐specific externality. In this study, we consider two types of consumption good, one of which is a pure consumption good and the other is a consumable capital good. Then, we examine the case where households tend to consume more pure consumption goods and consume less consumable capital ones. We show that if a consumable capital good is inferior it is possible that indeterminacy occurs around a steady state without capital intensity reversal between the private and the social levels.
Online measures of looking and learning in infancy
Authors: Smith‐Flores Alexis S. , Perez Jasmin , Zhang Michelle H. , Feigenson Lisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfants in laboratory settings look longer at events that violate their expectations, learn better about objects that behave unexpectedly, and match utterances to the objects that likely elicited them. The paradigms revealing these behaviors have become cornerstones of research on preverbal cognition. However, little is known about whether these canonical behaviors are observed outside laboratory settings. Here, we describe a series of online protocols that replicate classic laboratory findings, detailing our methods throughout. In Experiment 1a, 15‐month‐old infants (N = 24) looked longer at an online support event culminating in an Unexpected outcome (i.e., appearing to defy gravity) than an Expected outcome. Infants did not, however, show the same success with an online solidity event. In Experiment 1b, 15‐month‐old infants (N = 24) showed surprise‐induced learning following online events—they were better able to learn a novel object's label when the object had behaved unexpectedly compared to when it behaved expectedly. Finally, in Experiment 2, 16‐month‐old infants (N = 20) who heard a valenced utterance (“Yum!”) showed preferential looking to the object most likely to have generated that utterance. Together, these results suggest that, with some adjustments, online testing is a feasible and promising approach for infant cognition research.
Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations in Thai children: A 5‐year national data analysis
Authors: Sitthikarnkha Phanthila , Uppala Rattapon , Niamsanit Sirapoom , Sutra Sumitr , Thepsuthammarat Kaewjai , Techasatian Leelawadee , Teeratakulpisarn Jamaree 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the most common cause for hospitalization in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients with LRTIs are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The national data analysis of epidemiologic variations facilitates awareness and develops solutions to prevent these conditions in the future.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, causative pathogens, morbidity, and mortality of LRTIs in pediatric patients of Thailand from 2015 to 2019.MethodsThis was a retrospective study among pediatric patients aged between 0 and 18 years old admitted in hospitals due to LRTIs in Thailand from January 2015 to December 2019. The data were extracted from National Health Security Office using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Thai Modification; ICD‐10‐TM of J09 to J22.ResultsA total of 1,423,509 children hospitalized due to LRTIs were identified. Most of the patients were of age 1–5 years. Pneumonia was the most common LRTI (876,557 children, 61.58%) in hospitalized children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main etiologic pathogen of bronchiolitis, which presents in approximately 10.86% of all episodes. Influenza viruses were found predominantly in children with pneumonia (15.52%). The mortality rate since 2015–2019 was highest in pneumonia under 1 year old (P < 0.001). Pneumonia in children under 5 years old had the highest mortality rate, which accounted for 11.85 per 100,000 children in 2019.ConclusionsLRTIs had a high incidence rate of hospitalization and mortality, especially in children under 5 years old. Influenza virus was the most common pathogen of pneumonia.
An assessment of the structural relationship between determinants and implications of caste‐based endogamy in Pakistan
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Rizwan , Nasar Asim , Akram Muhammad , Yousaf Farhan Navid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aims to examine the socio‐economic determinants and implications of caste‐based endogamy in Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan. It also measures the structural relationship between determinants and implications of endogamy. For this cross‐sectional study, 488 respondents were randomly selected from three Punjab province districts with inclusion criteria of being married within their caste. A path modelling and multigroup analysis were conducted using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM). This study has found that social pressure, casteism, and fear of exogamy failure significantly influence mate selection in Punjab, which has socio‐economic implications. Social pressure and perceived easiness of endogamy less likely contribute towards economic implications. Similarly, casteism indicated a non‐significant influence on social implications. Overall, male and female respondents shared views on endogamy influencing determinants causing socio‐economic implications. This study concludes that caste‐based endogamy has a stronghold in the cultural patterns of Punjab, Pakistan, which restricts economic mobility, deepens the marginalisation of those from lower castes, and promotes casteism at community and institutional levels. This is one of the initial studies in Pakistani Punjab assessing the structural relationship between endogamy determinants and their social and economic implications.
Controlled synthesis of alumina in a spray flame aerosol reactor
Authors: Okonkwo Onochie , Dhawan Sukrant , Biswas Pratim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a spray flame aerosol reactor (S‐FLAR) is used to synthesize alumina nanoparticles. The as‐produced powders are then characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy to determine the crystal phase, surface area, particle size distribution, and morphology. The effects of the precursor, dispersion oxygen, and sheath oxygen rates on the characteristics of synthesized alumina were investigated. On increasing the precursor rate, decreasing the dispersion oxygen rate or sheath oxygen rate; the alumina powder surface area decreased. With increasing precursor rates and decreasing dispersion oxygen rates, the proportion of theta alumina increased and that of eta alumina decreased. When using an S‐FLAR to synthesize alumina, the dispersion oxygen rate offers the best control of the surface area, while the precursor rate controls the crystal phase proportions. This result is useful for the design and operation of spray flame aerosol reactors to produce alumina‐based catalysts.
Stigma among transgender and gender‐diverse people accessing healthcare: A concept analysis
Authors: Velasco Roque Anthony F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo provide a timely analysis around the concept of stigma among transgender and gender‐diverse people accessing healthcare.BackgroundWhile research on stigma has been prolific in other disciplines, the literature on stigma—especially among transgender and gender‐diverse people—have been limited in nursing. A clear definition of stigma among transgender/gender‐diverse people is also lacking in the nursing literature.DesignWalker and Avant's method of concept analysis.Data sourcesPubMed and CINAHL databases were used to retrieve English language records from February 2016 to February 2021. Influential literature from sociology and psychology and an online dictionary and thesaurus were also used to clarify the concept.MethodsPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis was used to search the scientific literature to clarify and describe the antecedents, defining attributes, consequences and empirical referents of stigma among transgender/gender‐diverse people accessing healthcare.ResultsA clear definition of stigma was identified. The defining attributes of stigma—labelling, stereotype, separation, status loss and discrimination—reflect its definition. Without asymmetrical power relationships, stigma will not exist. The consequences of stigma include negative and positive outcomes.ConclusionWhile this concept analysis provides clarification of stigma, further exploration of the concept is needed. Furthermore, this concept analysis illustrates how nurses are strategically positioned to disrupt the power structures that allow stigma to operate. Understanding the concept of stigma also enables nurses to create equitable and multifaceted inventions to improve healthcare access among transgender and gender‐diverse people.
Fathers' daily intake of fruit and vegetables is positively associated with children's fruit and vegetable consumption patterns in Europe: The Feel4Diabetes Study
Authors: Papamichael Maria Michelle , Moschonis George , Mavrogianni Christina , Liatis Stavros , Makrilakis Konstantinos , Cardon Greet , De Vylder Flore , Kivelä Jemina , Flores‐Barrantes Paloma , Imre Rurik , Moreno Luis , Iotova Violeta , Usheva Natalya , Tankova Tsvetalina , Manios Yannis ,   the Feel4Diabetes‐Study Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPast research has focused on the relationship between mothers' and children's eating habits, although little is known about fathers as potential agents. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between fathers' and children's fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in the context of fathers' education level and family income insecurity.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis using baseline data from the multicentre Feel4Diabetes Study were collected in 2016. Participants were parent‐dyads (fathers, n = 10,038) and school children (n = 12,041) from six European countries. Socio‐demographic and dietary data were collected using questionnaires. Associations were assessed applying the multinomial logistic regression model.ResultsOverall, European children have low FV intake, especially in Southern European countries (Greece, Spain and Hungary). Children with fathers consuming FV daily were more likely to consume fresh fruit (odds ratio [OR] = 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.95–3.88) and vegetables (OR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.80–3.60) 1–2 times per day. After adjusting for paternal educational level and family income insecurity significant associations remained for fresh fruit (ORadj = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.82–3.69) and vegetables (ORadj = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.38–2.86). Country differences showed that fathers' educational level and income insecurity might be important factors worth considering for FV intake in Greece.ConclusionsThe present study showed that fathers' FV intake was positively associated with children's daily intake of these foods. Implementation of future population‐based strategies promoting FV intake not only in mothers, but also in fathers could be an effective public health initiative to increase FV intake in children. Policy‐makers should give special attention to families dwelling in Southern European regions.
Association between physical fitness, body mass index and intelligence quotient in individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Cabeza‐Ruiz R. , Trigo‐Sánchez M. E. , Rodríguez‐Servián M. , Gómez‐Píriz P. T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysical exercise seems to improve cognitive abilities at different physiological levels. Numerous studies have examined the relationship between physical fitness (PF), physical activity and cognition among populations without intellectual disabilities (ID), but very few have addressed this question with respect to people with ID. This study aimed to determine the correlation between intelligence quotient (IQ) and factors related to PF in healthy adults with ID.MethodsA multicentre cross‐sectional study was conducted in 91 individuals with ID. All participants were assessed with the K‐BIT tests and the following test items from the SAMU DIS‐FIT Battery: body mass index, handgrip strength (HGS), leg strength, dynamic balance and physical endurance.ResultsSignificant differences between men and women were tested by multiple regression. IQ was found to be statistically related to HGS and leg strength, with a medium effect size. Statistical relationships were also found between sex and physical endurance, with a medium effect size, and HGS, with a large effect size.ConclusionsThe study results highlight relationships between the variables of muscular strength and the participants' IQ. Further studies with experimental designs are needed to enhance the understanding of the relationships between PF and cognition in persons with ID.
Management of premature leaf fall (Marssonina coronaria) of apple with new generation fungicides in the North‐Western Himalayan Region of India
Authors: Watpade Santosh , Kumar Rakesh , Pramanick Kallol Kumar , Shukla Arun Kumar , Kumar Jitender , Mhatre Priyank Hanuman , Sharma Usha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the north‐western Himalayan region of India, premature leaf fall (PLF) caused by Marssonina coronaria is a major disease in apple orchards. Field experiments were conducted at a commercial orchard to evaluate the efficacy of new‐generation fungicides on PLF management during 2018 and 2019. Three contact fungicides (chlorothalonil, propineb and mancozeb), one systemic fungicide (difenoconazole) and four combination products (metiram +pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin and fluopyram +tebuconazole) were evaluated against an untreated control (UTC) by applying them at three times at 15‐day intervals to trees of the susceptible apple cultivar ‘Royal Delicious’. Out of all tested treatments, tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin achieved the lowest area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and the greatest yield increase. Similarly fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin and fluopyram +tebuconazole also significantly reduced AUDPC and enhanced yield relative to the UTC. Taking into account the cost of the tested products, tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin offered the best benefit‐cost ratio in both years, followed by fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin and fluopyram +tebuconazole. Based on these findings, the combination products tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin, fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin and fluopyram +tebuconazole can all be recommended to the farmers of the north‐western Himalayan region for PLF management.
Elastography is unable to exclude cirrhosis after sustained virological response in HCV‐infected patients with advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Broquetas Teresa , Herruzo‐Pino Paula , Mariño Zoe , Naranjo Dolores , Vergara Mercedes , Morillas Rosa Mª , Forns Xavier , Carrión José A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver fibrosis and transient elastography (TE) correlation in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) after the sustained virological response (SVR) is unknown.AimsTo evaluate TE accuracy at identifying cirrhosis 3 years after HCV‐eradication.MethodsProspective, multi‐centric study including HCV‐cACLD patients before direct‐acting antivirals (DAA). Diagnostic accuracy of TE (area under ROC, AUROC) to identify cirrhosis 3 years after SVR was evaluated.ResultsAmong 746 HCV‐infected patients (95.4% with TE ≥10 kPa), 76 (10.2%) underwent a liver biopsy 3 years after SVR. Before treatment, 46 (63%) showed a TE>15 kPa. The TE before DAA was the best variable for predicting cirrhosis (METAVIR, F4) after SVR (AUROC = 0.79). Liver function parameters, serological non‐invasive tests (APRI and FIB‐4), and TE values improved after SVR. However, liver biopsy 3 years after HCV elimination (median time = 38.4 months) showed cirrhosis in 41 (53.9%). Multivariate analysis (OR (95% CI), P) showed that HCV‐genotype 3 (20.81 (2.12‐201.47), .009), and TE before treatment (1.21 (1.09‐1.34), <.001) were the only variables associated with cirrhosis after SVR. However, the accuracy of TE after SVR was poor (AUROC = 0.75) and 6 (27.3%) out of 22 patients with a TE <8 kPa had cirrhosis. Similar results were found with APRI and FIB‐4 scores.ConclusionsCirrhosis is present, 3 years after SVR, in more than half of HCV‐cACLD patients even with the normalisation of liver function parameters, serological non‐invasive tests and TE values. The low diagnostic accuracy of non‐invasive methods after SVR reinforces the need for long‐term surveillance.
Nutrition in Nepal: Three decades of commitment to children and women
Authors: Chitekwe Stanley , Torlesse Harriet , Aguayo Victor M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSouth Asia has made significant progress in reducing child undernutrition. The prevalence of stunting declined by one third between 2000 and 2019; as a result, in 2019, there were 34 million fewer stunted children than in 2000, indicating that progress for child nutrition is possible and is happening at scale. However, no country in South Asia is on track for all nutrition targets of Sustainable Development Goal 2, and the region has the highest prevalence of stunting (33.2%) and wasting (14.8%) in the world. Nepal, the best performing country in the region, narrowly missed the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target to half the prevalence of child underweight between 1990 and 2015 and achieved the fastest recorded reduction in stunting prevalence in the world between 2001 and 2011. In 2019, UNICEF Nepal completed a series of papers to examine Nepal's progress on maternal and child nutrition during the MDG era. The series explores the trends, distribution and disparities in stunting, micronutrient deficiencies and feeding practices in children under 5 years and anaemia in adolescents and women. Besides, it reviews national micronutrient programmes (vitamin A supplementation, iron and folic acid supplementation and universal salt iodization) and Nepal's first Multi‐Sector Nutrition Plan, to illuminate the success factors and enduring challenges in the policy and programme landscape for nutrition. This overview paper summarizes the evidence from these analyses and examines the implications for the direction of future advocacy, policy and programme actions to improve maternal and child nutrition in Nepal and other similar contexts.
RelA binding of mRNAs modulates translation or sRNA‐mRNA basepairing depending on the position of the GGAG site
Authors: Basu Pallabi , Altuvia Shoshy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreviously, we reported that RelA protein facilitates Hfq‐mediated mRNA‐sRNA regulation by binding sRNAs carrying a Shine‐Dalgarno‐like GGAG sequence. In turn, sRNA‐Hfq monomers are stabilized, enabling the attachment of more Hfq subunits to form a functional hexamer. Here, using CLIP‐seq, we present a global analysis of RelA‐bound RNAs showing that RelA interacts with sRNAs as well as with mRNAs carrying a GGAG motif. RelA binding of mRNAs carrying GGAG at position −7 relative to the initiation codon (AUG) inhibits translation by interfering with the binding of 30S ribosomes. The extent of inhibition depends on the distance of GGAG relative to the AUG, as shortening the spacing between GGAG and AUG abrogates RelA‐mediated inhibition. Interestingly, RelA binding of target mRNAs carrying GGAG in the coding sequence or close to AUG facilitates target gene regulation by sRNA partners that lack GGAG. However, translation inhibition caused by RelA binding of mRNAs carrying GGAG at position −7 relative to the AUG renders sRNA‐mRNA basepairing regulation ineffective. Our study indicates that by binding RNAs carrying GGAG the ribosome‐associated RelA protein inhibits translation of specific newly synthesized incoming mRNAs or enables basepairing regulation by their respective sRNA partners, thereby introducing a new regulatory concept for the bacterial response.
Oral shedding of herpesviruses and clinical outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Miranda‐Silva Wanessa , de Molla Vinícius Campos , Knebel Franciele Hinterholz , Tozetto‐Mendoza Tania Regina , Arrais‐Rodrigues Celso , Camargo Anamaria Aranha , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the oral shedding of herpes viruses in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and investigate its relationship with clinical outcomes.Materials and MethodsPolymerase chain reaction and enzymatic digestion were performed to identify the oral shedding of the members of the Herpesviridae family in 31 patients. The samples were collected from the oral cavity at five timestamps.ResultsThe presence of each herpesvirus in the oral cavity was observed in 3.2%, 12.9%, 19.3%, 32.2%, 54.8% and 93.5% patients for human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6A, herpes simplex virus‐1, HHV‐6B, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and HHV‐7, respectively. Oral shedding of herpes virus was not uncommon after alloHSCT. There was a statistically significant association between the EBV and CMV oral shedding at C1 and the cumulative incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD). The results suggested that the presence of HSV‐1 at C2 was related to a relapse. The HHV‐7 oral shedding at C2 suggests a possible link between relapse, progression‐free survival and overall survival of the patients.ConclusionsPatients who developed aGVHD showed higher CMV and EBV shedding in the oral cavity at aplasia, suggesting modifications to the pattern of immune cell response and inflammatory microenvironment.
Significantly less inappropriate shocks in ischemic patients compared to non‐ischemic patients: The S‐ICD experience of a high volume single‐center
Authors: Oosterwerff Erik , Adiyaman Ahmet , Elvan Arif , Ghani Abdul , Hoek Lennaert , Breeman Karel , Smit Jaap Jan , Ramdat Misier Anand , Delnoy Peter Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe subcutaneous cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) continues to be preferentially used in relatively young patients, with less advanced heart disease.ObjectiveWe, therefore, studied the short and long‐term efficacy and safety of the S‐ICD in subgroups of patients, which are underreported at present.MethodsA total of 218 patients between November 2010 and February 2019 undergoing S‐ICD with a follow up of at least 6 months implantation were included in a prospective registry. Mean follow up was 38 months.ResultsThe most common indication for S‐ICD implantation was ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 106, 49%). Complication rate needing invasive intervention was 9% (n = 21). Appropriate shock rate in patients with an S‐ICD was 3.5%/year. A total of 30 inappropriate shocks (IAS) occurred in 19 patients (8.7%; 2.7%/year). The proportion of appropriate and inappropriate shock rates in patients with different cardiomyopathies shows remarkable variances. There were significant more IAS (3.6%/year vs. 1.7%/year, p = .048) in patients with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy versus patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Multivariate analysis identified, besides type of cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation (AF) as predictor for IAS.ConclusionIn this real‐world prospective registry we analyzed S‐ICD performance in the more traditional ICD patient. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy had significantly less inappropriate therapy compared to patients with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy and appear to be appropriate patients for this type of device.