bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit Statistical Learning in Naturalistic and Instructed Morphosyntactic Attainment: An Aptitude‐Treatment Interaction Design
Authors: Bolibaugh Cylcia , Foster Pauline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigated the potential influence of implicit learning mechanisms on L2 morphosyntactic attainment by examining the relationship between age of onset (AoO), two cognitive abilities hypothesized to underlie implicit learning (phonological short‐term memory and implicit statistical learning), and performance on an auditory grammaticality judgment test (GJT). Participants were 71 Polish‐English long‐term bilinguals with a wide range of AoOs (1–35 years) who differed in their context of learning and use (immersed vs. instructed). In immersed learners, we observed a growing dissociation between performance on grammatical and ungrammatical sentences as AoO was delayed. This effect was attenuated in those with better phonological short‐term memory and statistical learning abilities and is consistent with a decline in the ability to learn from implicit negative evidence. In instructed learners, GJT performance was subject to additive effects of AoO and grammaticality and was not associated with either cognitive predictor, suggesting that implicit learning mechanisms were not involved.
Overexpressing the N‐terminus of CATALASE2 enhances plant jasmonic acid biosynthesis and resistance to necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea B05.10
Authors: Zhang Yu , Song Ru‐Feng , Yuan Hong‐Mei , Li Ting‐Ting , Wang Lin‐Feng , Lu Kai‐Kai , Guo Jia‐Xing , Liu Wen‐Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) acts antagonistically to jasmonic acid (JA) in plant immunity. We previously reported that CATALASE2 (CAT2) promotes JA‐biosynthetic acyl‐CoA oxidase (ACX) activity to enhance plant resistance to necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea, and SA represses JA biosynthesis through inhibiting CAT2 activity, while the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Here, we report that the truncated CAT2 N‐terminus (CAT2‐N) interacts with and promotes ACX2/3, and CAT2‐N‐overexpressing plants have increased JA accumulation and enhanced resistance to B. cinerea B05.10, but compromised antagonism of SA on JA. Catalase inhibitor treatment or mutating CAT2 active amino acids abolished CAT2 H2O2‐decomposing activity but did not affect its promotion of ACX2/3 activity via interaction. CAT2‐N, a truncated protein with no catalase activity, interacted with and promoted ACX2/3. Overexpressing CAT2‐N in Arabidopsis plants resulted in increased ACX activity, higher JA accumulation, and stronger resistance to B. cinerea B05.10 infection. Additionally, SA dramatically repressed JA biosynthesis and resistance to B. cinerea in the wild type but not in the CAT2‐N‐overexpressing plants. Together, our study reveals that CAT2‐N can be utilized as an accelerator for JA biosynthesis during plant resistance to B. cinerea B05.10, and this truncated protein partly relieves SA repression of JA biosynthesis in plant defence responses.
Applying the Ottawa Charter to guide resilience‐building programs for health care organizations
Authors: Wu Chiung‐Jung (Jo) , Oprescu Florin I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResilience is situated at the core of the World Health Organization European policy framework for health and well‐being and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Resilience refers to how effectively a person, group, or system deals with and recovers from challenging situations. In this paper resilience refers to the capacity of a health care professional to manage complex issues and adapt to situations successfully. This brief paper provides explicit knowledge for strengthening personal resilience in health care using the Ottawa Charter framework as a guide. Developing a resilient health care workforce should address all five Ottawa Charter areas of action, should involve multiple stakeholders, and should incorporate resilience strategies into everyday health care activities. The paper presents recommendations for future programs designed to build a resilient workforce that can provide high quality care in a sustainable manner.
Maternal exposure to sulfur dioxide before and after conception and the risk of hypospadias in offspring
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Yue Dong‐Mei , Zhang Jia‐Yu , Huang Yan‐Hong , Li Jing , Liu Shu , Chen Yan‐Ling , Li Li‐Li , Jiang Cheng‐Zhi , Chen Zong‐Jiao , Zhao Yu‐Hong , Wu Qi‐Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs far as we know, there have been no studies exploring the association between maternal sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure and the risk of hypospadias in offspring. We aimed to evaluate this association during the 3 months before conception and the first trimester. A population‐based case–control study was conducted in male infants, consisting of 348 cases of hypospadias and 4023 controls. Maternal exposure to SO2, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed by averaging the concentrations recorded at all stations in the mother's city of residence. Air pollutants were tested for multicollinearity using variance inflation factor analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multivariable logistic regression models. SO2 exposure during the 3 months before conception was significantly associated with the risk of hypospadias (highest tertile: OR = 7.40, 95% CI: 3.54–15.62). When focusing on shorter exposure windows, similar associations were observed for SO2 exposure in the first and second month before and the first month after conception. In conclusion, maternal exposure to SO2 during the 3 months before and the first and second months after conception may increase the risk of hypospadias in offspring.
Dopamine modulations of reward‐driven music memory consolidation
Authors: Ferreri Laura , Mas‐Herrero Ernest , Cardona Gemma , Zatorre Robert J. , Antonijoan Rosa M. , Valle Marta , Riba Jordi , Ripollés Pablo , Rodriguez‐Fornells Antoni 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMusic listening provides one of the most significant abstract rewards for humans because hearing music activates the dopaminergic mesolimbic system. Given the strong link between reward, dopamine, and memory, we aimed here to investigate the hypothesis that dopamine‐dependent musical reward can drive memory improvements. Twenty‐nine healthy participants of both sexes provided reward ratings of unfamiliar musical excerpts that had to be remembered following a consolidation period under three separate conditions: after the ingestion of a dopaminergic antagonist, a dopaminergic precursor, or a placebo. Linear mixed modeling of the intervention data showed that the effect of reward on memory—i.e., the greater the reward experienced while listening to the musical excerpts, the better the memory recollection performance—was modulated by both dopaminergic signaling and individual differences in reward processing. Greater pleasure was consistently associated with better memory outcomes in participants with high sensitivity to musical reward, but this effect was lost when dopaminergic signaling was disrupted in participants with average or low musical hedonia. Our work highlights the flexibility of the human dopaminergic system, which can enhance memory formation not only through explicit and/or primary reinforcers but also via abstract and aesthetic rewards such as music.
To whom health care aides report: Effect on nursing home resident outcomes
Authors: Aloisio Laura D. , Varin Melissa Demery , Hoben Matthias , Baumbusch Jennifer , Estabrooks Carole A. , Cummings Greta G. , Squires Janet E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHealth care aides (personal support workers and nursing assistants) provide ~80%–90% of direct care to residents in nursing homes; it is therefore important to understand whether supervision of health care aides affects quality of care. We sought to determine whether health care aide reporting practices are associated with resident outcomes in nursing homes.Design and MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional secondary analysis of survey data of 3991 health care aides from 322 units in 89 nursing homes in Western Canada. We then linked resident data from the Resident Assessment Instrument‐Minimum Data Set (RAI‐MDS) 2.0 database to care aide surveys at the unit level. We used hierarchical mixed models to determine if the proportion of health care aides reporting to a respective nursing leader role was associated with 13 practice sensitive quality indicators of resident care.ResultsMost health care aides reported to a registered nurse (RN, 44.5%) or licenced practical nurse (LPN, 53.3%). Only 2.2% of health care aides reported to a care manager and were excluded from the analysis. Resident outcomes for only declining behavioural symptoms were more favourable when a higher proportion of health care aides (on a unit) reported to RNs, β = −0.004 (95% CI −0.006, −0.001, p = .004). The remaining indicators were not affected by care aide reporting practices.Discussion and ImplicationsResident outcomes as evaluated by the indicators appear largely unaffected by care aide reporting practices. LPNs’ increasing scope of practice and changing work roles and responsibilities in nursing homes across Western Canada may explain the findings.
Re‐transplantation in pediatric patients with failure of primary transplant due to recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A pediatric nephrology research consortium study
Authors: Maniar Aesha , Hooper David K. , Sethna Christine B. , Singer Pamela , Traum Avram , Benoit Elizabeth , Kotzen Elizabeth , Verghese Priya , Garro Rouba , Kamel Margaret , Ranch Daniel , Shih Weiwen , Jain Namrata G. , Al‐Akash Samhar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecurrent focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in kidney transplant recipients is associated with lower graft survival and increased morbidity. There are limited data to guide the decision to re‐transplant patients with transplant failure due to FSGS recurrence. We aimed to evaluate outcomes in patients re‐transplanted after having initial graft failure due to recurrent FSGS and to study physician attitudes and practice patterns.MethodsRetrospective data from 10 centers were collected on 20 patients transplanted between January 1997 and September 2018. A survey was sent to nephrologist members of the Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium.ResultsMean patient age (years) was 9.8 ± 4.8 at first transplant and 15.9 ± 4.9 at re‐transplantation. Pre‐transplant plasmapheresis was used in 1 (5.3%) primary transplant vs. 7 (38.9%) re‐transplants (p = .03). Nephrotic syndrome recurred in 14 patients (70%) after re‐transplantation and was severe in 21.1% vs. 64.7% after first transplant (p = .04). Graft survival was significantly higher in the second transplant (p .009) with 70% having functioning grafts at a median of 25.2 months. Thirty‐one physicians from 21 centers completed the survey, 94% indicated they would re‐transplant such patients, 44.4% preferred a minimum waiting period before re‐transplantation, 36.4% preferred living donors, and 22.2% indicated having protocols for re‐transplantation at their centers.ConclusionsConsideration for re‐transplantation is high among pediatric nephrologists. Pre‐transplant plasmapheresis was more frequent in re‐transplanted patients. Nephrotic syndrome recurrence was less severe, with better graft survival. More data and a larger population are necessary to further evaluate outcome determinants and best practices in this special population.
Trade liberalization, export quality, and three dimensions of wage inequality*
Authors: Ganguly Shrimoyee , Acharyya Rajat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the context of quality content of export baskets becoming the most important determinant of export growth for developing countries, we show that reduction in tariff on final import goods asymmetrically affects the quality of skill‐based export goods that differ with respect to the relative skill intensity of their higher‐quality varieties. This offers a plausible explanation for asymmetric quality variations across product groups observed for Brazil and India since the 1980s. On the contrary, tariff‐reduction‐induced quality variations, regardless of their asymmetry, accentuate wage inequality in all dimensions by depressing the informal unskilled wage through displacement of unskilled workers from the formal sector and the consequent informalization of the economy. This suggests that tariff reductions accentuating wage inequality, as shown in the existing literature, may be underestimated if induced variations in the quality of export goods are unaccounted for. A quality‐content production subsidy or a subsidy targeting the use of skilled labor, given to producers of the export good whose quality is downgraded as a consequence of tariff reduction, can be used as a concurrent policy to mitigate such effect. The wage inequality will also decline to some extent following such subsidies. A proportional factor income tax may be a quality‐neutral way to finance the subsidies.
Identifying Citizens' Place Values for Integrated Planning of Road Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Hilbers Anne Marel , Sijtsma Frans J. , Busscher Tim , Arts Jos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProjects for road infrastructure and spatial development easily meet public resistance because of a lack of local knowledge of place values by (often non‐local) planners. The aim of this study is to explore how insights in place values might improve the local knowledge base for planners of integrated road infrastructure projects and spatial development. We developed, tested and analysed the results from a novel online value‐mapping tool called the ‘Place Value Identifier’. The developed method allows us to (i) relate to ‘soft’ valuable places identified by Public Participation GIS as a complement to ‘hard’ land use data, (ii) define Valued yet Unprotected places based on combining ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ values and (iii) illustrate how these insights can be used for integrated planning of road infrastructure projects. The findings of this study show the increased potential of value mapping techniques and illustrate possible resistance areas around road infrastructure planning projects. This knowledge may assist planners in creating and selecting acceptable project alternatives that may invoke high public acceptance.
Total‐evidence phylogeny of the coastalCafiuscomplex (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and its new generic concepts
Authors: Yoo In‐Seong , Song Jeong‐Hun , Ahn Kee‐Jeong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe marine littoral rove beetle genusCafiusStephens and related genera have been known to be an extraordinarily heterogeneous group and are taxonomically dispersed among several lineages of coastal Staphylininae. A phylogenetic analysis of thisCafiuscomplex is performed based on morphological and molecular characters in order to classify them into lower taxonomic categories and to establish a robust generic concept. The data set was comprised of 94 morphological characters for 50 species, and partialCOI,COII,12SrDNA,16SrDNA,AK,TPand nearly complete sequences of18SrDNA for 44 species. TheCafiuscomplex was strongly supported as a monophylum by all analyses. However, the genusCafiusand nearly all of its subgenera were not supported as being monophyletic. All analyses of combined data and concatenated molecular data showed the monophyly of four major clades nested insideCafius(A–D). Clade E was supported only by the Bayesian analysis of combined data. The genusPhucobiuswas recovered as a monophylum within theCafiuscomplex but nested in clade D in all analyses. The genusRemuswas not monophyletic but formed a clade including three otherCafiusspecies (clade E3) within theCafiuscomplex in all analyses. The genusThinocafiusformed a monophylum with three other New ZealandCafiusspecies (clade B) within theCafiuscomplex in all analyses except for morphological trees. Some criteria for generic concepts within theCafiuscomplex are discussed. A single monophyletic genus with three new generic synonyms, and 10 new combinations are proposed.
Historical, contemporary, and future perspectives on a coupled social–ecological system in a changing world: Canada’s historic Rideau Canal
Authors: Bergman Jordanna N. , Beaudoin Christine , Mistry Isha , Turcotte Audrey , Vis Chantal , Minelga Valerie , Neigel Kate , Lin Hsien-Yung , Bennett Joseph R. , Young Nathan , Rennie Colin , Trottier Lindsay L. , Abrams Alice E.I. , Beaupre Patrick , Glassman Danny , Blouin-Demers Gabriel , Garant Dany , Donaldson Lisa , Vermaire Jesse C. , Smol John P. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: July 2021

Anthropogenic waterways and canal systems have been part of the cultural and natural landscape for thousands for years. As of the late 20th century, more than 63 000 km of canals exist worldwide as transport routes for navigation, many with barriers (e.g., locks, dams) that fragment the system and decrease connectivity. Fragmentation alone can have negative implications for freshwater biodiversity; by isolating populations and communities, other human-mediated disturbances associated with canals like poor water quality and invasive species can exacerbate these negative effects. As such, the capacity of these interconnected freshwater systems to support biodiversity is continuously degrading at a global level. One critical, highly complex issue that unites canals worldwide is the challenge of governing these systems in a holistic, unified way to both protect biodiversity and preserve historical elements. Managing historic canals involves multiple objectives across many agencies and stakeholders, often with different or conflicting objectives. Here, we use the Rideau Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and National Historic Site of Canada, as a case study to demonstrate the importance of considering canals as social–ecological systems for effective and efficient governance. Historic canals are integrated systems of both humans (social) and the environment (ecological), linked by mutual feedbacks and coevolution, and must be managed as such to achieve conservation goals while maintaining commemorative integrity. We discuss the history of the Rideau Canal and its current governance, biodiversity in the waterway, different threats and issues (user conflicts, aquatic pollution, shoreline development, water management, species at risk, and invasive species), and conclude by outlining ways to address the challenges of managing it as a coupled social–ecological system. We present different research needs and opportunities that would enable better management, though above all, we propose a shift from the current governance structure — which at best can be considered “patchwork” — to a coordinated, multi-scalar and multi-stakeholder governance regime such that the Rideau Canal can be maintained for its historical integrity without compromising biodiversity conservation. Given that canals are now pervasive worldwide, this article is not only topical to the Rideau Canal, but also to other waterways in Canada and beyond.
Making a Market: Infrastructure, Integration, and the Rise of Innovation
Authors: Andersson David , Berger Thor , Prawitz Erik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe exploit exogenous variation arising from the historical rollout of the Swedish railroad network across municipalities to identify the impacts of improved transport infrastructure on innovative activity. A network connection led to a local surge in patenting due to an increased entry and productivity of inventors. As the railroad network expanded, inventors in connected areas began to develop ideas with applications outside the local economy, which were subsequently sold to firms along the network. Our findings suggest that reductions in communication and transportation costs were an important driver of the historical emergence of a market for ideas.
A Comparison of the Variability and Changes in Global Ocean Heat Content from Multiple Objective Analysis Products During the Argo Period
Authors: Liang Xinfeng , Liu Chao , Ponte Rui M. , Chambers Don P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOcean heat content (OHC) is key to estimating the energy imbalance of the earth system. Over the past two decades, an increasing number of OHC studies were conducted using oceanic objective analysis (OA) products. Here we perform an intercomparison of OHC from eight OA products with a focus on their robust features and significant differences over the Argo period (2005-2019), when the most reliable global scale oceanic measurements are available. For the global ocean, robust warming in the upper 2000 m is confirmed. The 0-300 m layer shows the highest warming rate but is heavily modulated by interannual variability, particularly the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The 300-700 m and 700-2000 m layers, on the other hand, show unabated warming. Regionally, the Southern Ocean and mid-latitude North Atlantic show a substantial OHC increase, and the subpolar North Atlantic displays an OHC decrease. A few apparent differences in OHC among the examined OA products were identified. In particular, temporal means of a few OA products that incorporated other ocean measurements besides Argo show a global-scale cooling difference, which is likely related to the baseline climatology fields used to generate those products. Large differences also appear in the interannual variability in the Southern Ocean and in the long-term trends in the subpolar North Atlantic. These differences remind us of the possibility of product-dependent conclusions on OHC variations. Caution is therefore warranted when using merely one OA product to conduct OHC studies, particularly in regions and on timescales that display significant differences.
Enhanced recovery after laryngectomy: A feasibility study in 25 patients
Authors: Magos Tiarnan , Massa Gabriella , Burdett Edward , Al Khalfan Abdulla , Thaj Jabin , Al Yaghchi Chadwan , Ali Safina 
Published: July 2021

Purpose To describe the development and implementation of an enhanced recovery programme for patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Methods A feasibility study set in a tertiary head and neck unit in London, United Kingdom. The programme was developed based on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society guidelines for head and neck cancer surgery and local expert group consensus. An ERAS ‘booklet’ was devised which accompanied all laryngectomy patients during their inpatient stay. Contributors included otolaryngologists, anaesthetists, dieticians, physiotherapists, speech and language therapists and nurses. A 12-month pilot study was undertaken. The main outcome measures were feasibility and adherence. Results An enhanced recovery programme for 25 people undergoing total laryngectomy was successfully piloted in a tertiary referral head and neck unit. Median length of stay was reduced in the post-ERAS group by 1.5 days. No statistically significant difference in length of stay, time to first gastrografin swallow, rate of fistula nor postoperative normalcy of eating between the pre and post-ERAS patients who underwent laryngectomy was observed. Clavien-Dindo-grouped complication rates were significantly higher in the post-ERAS group. Conclusion This enhanced recovery programme for patients undergoing laryngectomy is the first of its kind in the literature. Implementation has been demonstrated feasible. Further longitudinal studies are required to reliably inform us on ERAS programmes’ effects on laryngectomy outcomes.