bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome is associated with multiple sclerosis activity in children
Authors: Horton Mary K. , McCauley Kathryn , Fadrosh Douglas , Fujimura Kei , Graves Jennifer , Ness Jayne , Wheeler Yolanda , Gorman Mark P. , Benson Leslie A. , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Waldman Amy , Rodriguez Moses , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Krupp Lauren , Belman Anita , Mar Soe , Rensel Mary , Chitnis Tanuja , Casper Theron Charles , Rose John , Hart Janace , Shao Xiaorong , Tremlett Helen , Lynch Susan V. , Barcellos Lisa F. , Waubant Emmanuelle ,   the U.S. Network of Pediatric MS Centers
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify features of the gut microbiome associated with multiple sclerosis activity over time.MethodsWe used 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing from stool of 55 recently diagnosed pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis patients. Microbiome features included the abundance of individual microbes and networks identified from weighted genetic correlation network analyses. Prentice‐Williams‐Peterson Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations between features and three disease activity outcomes: clinical relapses and both new/enlarging T2 lesions and new gadolinium‐enhancing lesions on brain MRI. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and disease‐modifying therapies.ResultsParticipants were followed, on average, 2.1 years. Five microbes were nominally associated with all three disease activity outcomes after multiple testing correction. These included butyrate producersOdoribacter(relapse hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.24, 0.88) andButyricicoccus(relapse hazard ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.28, 0.88). Two networks of co‐occurring gut microbes were significantly associated with a higher hazard of both MRI outcomes (gadolinium‐enhancing lesion hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for Modules 32 and 33 were 1.29 (1.08, 1.54) and 1.42 (1.18, 1.71), respectively; T2 lesion hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for Modules 32 and 33 were 1.34 (1.15, 1.56) and 1.41 (1.21, 1.64), respectively). Metagenomic predictions of these networks demonstrated enrichment for amino acid biosynthesis pathways.InterpretationBoth individual and networks of gut microbes were associated with longitudinal multiple sclerosis activity. Known functions and metagenomic predictions of these microbes suggest the important role of butyrate and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. This provides strong support for future development of personalized microbiome interventions to modify multiple sclerosis disease activity.
Impulsive adaptive pinning synchronization of Lur'e networks with cluster‐tree topology via parameters variation protocols
Authors: Xuan Deli , Tang Ze , Park Ju H. , Feng Jianwen 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis article is devoted to studying the problem of globally and exponentially adaptive cluster synchronization for a class of Lur'e dynamical networks with multiple time‐varying delays and hybrid couplings. A novel impulsive adaptive pinning feedback control protocol is proposed with fully considering the cluster‐tree topology structures of the networks and only imposed on the Lur'e systems in current cluster which exist directed paths with those Lur'e systems in the other clusters. In view of the concept of average impulsive interval, the comparison principle, the extended parameter variation methods, and the reductio ad absurdum, sufficient conditions are acquired for achieving the cluster synchronization of the derivative coupled Lur'e networks with considering different functions of the impulsive effects, respectively. Furthermore, according to the designed adaptive updating law, suitable feedback control strengths are obtained, which largely save the control costs. Finally, the effectiveness of the control schemes and the theoretical results have been proved by executing two numerical simulation examples.
Systematic Comparison of Biomaterials‐Based Strategies for Osteochondral and Chondral Repair in Large Animal Models
Authors: González Vázquez Arlyng G. , Blokpoel Ferreras Lia A. , Bennett Kathleen E. , Casey Sarah M. , Brama Pieter AJ , O'Brien Fergal J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJoint repair remains a major challenge in orthopaedics. Recent progress in biomaterial design has led to the fabrication of a plethora of promising devices. Pre‐clinical testing of any joint repair strategy typically requires the use of large animal models (e.g., sheep, goat, pig or horse). Despite the key role of such models in clinical translation, there is still a lack of consensus regarding optimal experimental design, making it difficult to draw conclusions on their efficacy. In this context, the authors performed a systematic literature review and a risk of bias assessment on large animal models published between 2010 and 2020, to identify key experimental parameters that significantly affect the biomaterial therapeutic outcome and clinical translation potential (including defect localization, animal age/maturity, selection of controls, cell‐free versus cell‐laden). They determined that mechanically strong biomaterials perform better at the femoral condyles; while highlighted the importance of including native tissue controls to better evaluate the quality of the newly formed tissue. Finally, in cell‐laded biomaterials, the pre‐culture conditions played a more important role in defect repair than the cell type. In summary, here they present a systematic evaluation on how the experimental design of preclinical models influences biomaterial‐based therapeutic outcomes in joint repair.
Cell Migration Regulated by Spatially Controlled Stiffness inside Composition‐Tunable Three‐Dimensional Dextran Hydrogels
Authors: Yin Xi , Zhu Xiaolu , Wang Zheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStiffness of the extracellular matrix plays an important role in regulating cell migration. In this paper, two types of 3D dextran hydrogel, with the stiffness distributed homogeneously and heterogeneously in subcellular scales, have been designed and fabricated to serve as macromolecule scaffolds in which C2C12 cells, an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line, can migrate in a rationally controllable manner. The experimental results indicate that heterogeneous gels can support higher migration velocities, and effective supporting time‐stage for enhancing migration depended on the bulk stiffness that can be rationally and elaborately tuned. Moreover, migration velocity for both types of gels, in most cases, tends to decrease first and then increase from day 0 to day 6. These results show advantages for regulation of cell migration using this easy‐to‐implement heterogeneous cross‐linking approach. Further, associated principles regarding the relationship among cell migration, gel stiffness distribution, and expression of F‐actin and myosin II are also discussed. These studies support rational control of cell migration velocity in heterogeneously cross‐linked hydrogels that are widely applicable in biomaterial field.
Universal Electroluminescence at Voltages below the Energy Gap in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Yungui , Sachnik Oskar , van der Zee Bas , Thakur Kalyani , Ramanan Charusheela , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), it is typically assumed that a voltage equal to or higher than the energy gap of the emitters is required to observe electroluminescence (EL). However, EL at subgap voltages is observed and proposed to originate from up‐conversion processes, such as fusion of low‐energy triplet excitons. Here, it is demonstrated that EL at subgap voltages in OLEDs is universally present. By using emitters with negligible energy splitting between the singlet and triplet state, the need for incorporating low‐energy triplet excitons is ruled out. The origin of EL at voltages below the energy gap is the recombination of diffused and thermally generated charge carriers, universally present in light‐emitting diodes at nonzero temperatures, theoretically permitting electrical‐to‐optical power‐conversion efficiencies exceeding unity.
Herbage accumulation and nutritive value of cultivar Mulato II, Congo grass, and Guinea grass cultivar C1 in a subhumid zone of West Africa
Authors: Zampaligré Nouhoun , Traoré Tidiane Cheick , Sawadogo Epiphanie T. B. P. , Ayantunde Augustine , Prasad K. V. S. V. , Blummel Michael , Balehegn Mulubrhan , Rios Esteban , Dubeux José C. , Boote Ken J. , Adesogan Adegbola T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite a long history promoting improved forages, their adoption in sub‐Saharan Africa remains limited. Identifying cultivars and developing the right agronomic practices suited to specific forage systems can help reduce the feed gap in this region. This 2‐yr study was performed under rainfed conditions at the Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research research station in Farakoba, Burkina Faso. Treatments included two planting methods (continuous rows 40‐cm apart vs. open pits spaced 40 × 40 cm) and three perennial grasses:Urochloaspp. cultivar Mulato II, Congo grass [U. ruziziensis(R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard) Crins] and Guinea grass [Megathyrsus maximus(Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs] cultivar C1. The experimental design was a randomized complete block under a split plot treatment arrangement, and planting method was the main plot (3 × 7 m) and the grass varieties the subplots (3 × 3 m). Plots were established in August 2018, and herbage accumulation (HA) and nutritive value (NV) were measured in 2018 and 2019. Regardless of planting method, Mulato II had greater total herbage mass (26 Mg ha–1) after 2 yr than did Congo grass (15 Mg ha–1) and cultivar C1 (12 Mg ha–1) (p≤ .05). Mulato II had the greatest crude protein (170 g kg–1), in vitro digestible organic matter (635 g kg–1), and metabolizable energy (89 MJ kg–1), and least neutral detergent fiber (537 g kg–1) concentrations, as compared to other cultivars (p≤ .05). Both HA and NV were greater (p≤ .001) for open pits spaced 40‐cm apart than the continuous rows for all cultivars, indicating that this planting method seems more appropriate to establish forage grasses. Mulato II showed potential to increase forage productivity and NV in Burkina Faso.
Arsinoquinolines as a Novel Class of Luminophores
Authors: Iwasaki Suzuka , Kihara Hyota , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArsinoquinolines, being heavier pnictogen‐substituted aminoquinoline analogues, have been used as bidentate ligands. However, they have never been studied as luminophore, though luminescent aminoquinolines are well known. In this work, seven kinds of arsinoquinolines, in which a diphenylarsino group are substituted at all the possible substitution positions of quinoline, were synthesized by using a non‐volatile arsenic precursor. The obtained arsinoquinolines showed phosphorescence at 77 K, and the emission properties in the solid states were dependent on the substitution position of the diphenylarsino group.
Lasting legacies: Meeting the housing needs of Forgotten Australians from mid‐life to older age
Authors: Coram Veronica , Tually Selina , Cornell Victoria , Zufferey Carole , Lovell Fran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract“Forgotten Australians” are the estimated half a million children who were placed in institutional care in Australia from the 1920s to the 1980s. Increasing numbers are entering older age but many are poorly positioned to age well and with the supports they need. This is often because the lasting effects of childhood institutional care have contributed to poor housing outcomes, including housing insecurity, reliance on social housing, prevalence of rental stress and experiences of homelessness. This paper presents a review of the evidence on the housing experiences and outcomes of people who spent time in childhood institutional care. The evidence review was complemented by qualitative interviews with community service practitioners and representatives of advocacy groups. Based on the prior evidence and fieldwork, we identify data and service gaps that are likely to undermine the capacity of the housing and aged care sectors to improve the care and supports available for Forgotten Australians. We suggest potential improvements to service delivery for people who experienced institutional care as children and directions for further research. This paper contributes to a stronger evidence base around the housing and care needs of Forgotten Australians in mid‐ and later life.
Lithium Ion Repulsion‐Enrichment Synergism Induced by Core–Shell Ionic Complexes to Enable High‐Loading Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Meng Junwei , Lei Meng , Lai Chuanzhong , Wu Qingping , Liu Yangyang , Li Chilin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA core–shell additive with anionic Keggin‐type polyoxometalate (POM) cluster as core and N‐containing cation of ionic liquid (IL) as shell is proposed to stabilize Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). The suspended POM derived complex in ether‐based electrolyte is absorbed around the protuberances of anode and triggers a lithiophobic repulsion mechanism for the homogenization of Li+ redistribution. The gradually released POM cores with negative charge then enrich Li+ and co‐assemble with Li. The Li+ repulsion‐enrichment synergism can compact Li deposition and reinforce solid electrolyte interphase. This sustained‐release additive enables Li∥Li symmetric cells with a long lifetime over 500 h and 300 h at high current densities of 3 and 5 mA cm−2 respectively. The complex additive is also compatible with high‐voltage Li∥LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cells. Even with a NCA loading as high as ca. 20 mg cm−2, the additive contained Li∥NCA cell can still cycle for over 100 cycles at 2.6 mA cm−2.
Deep Learning for Voltammetric Sensing in a Living Animal Brain
Authors: Xue Yifei , Ji Wenliang , Jiang Ying , Yu Ping , Mao Lanqun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNumerous neurochemicals have been implicated in the modulation of brain function, making them appealing analytes for sensors and diagnostics. However, it is a grand challenge to selectively measure multiple neurochemicals simultaneously in vivo because of their great variations in concentrations, dynamic nature, and composition. Herein, we present a deep learning‐based voltammetric sensing platform for the highly selective and simultaneous analysis of three neurochemicals in a living animal brain. The system features a carbon fiber electrode capable of capturing the mixed dynamics of a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and ions. Then a powerful deep neural network is employed to resolve individual chemical and spatial‐temporal information. With this, a single electrochemical measurement reveals an interplaying concentration changes of dopamine, ascorbate, and ions in living rat brain, which is unobtainable with existing analytical methodologies. Our strategy provides a powerful means to expedite research in neuroscience and empower sensing‐aided diagnostic applications.
Flow Chemistry‐Enabled Divergent and Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Massarinolin A, Purpurolides B, D, E, 2,3‐Deoxypurpurolide C, and Structural Revision of Massarinolin A
Authors: Wang Ye‐Cheng , Cui Chengsen , Dai Mingji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMassarinolin A and purpurolides are bioactive bergamotane sesquiterpenes condensed with a variety of synthetically challenging ring systems: a bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, an oxaspiro[3.4]octane, and a dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane (oxaspirolactone). Herein, we report the first enantioselective total syntheses of massarinolin A, purpurolides B, D, E, and 2,3‐deoxypurpurolide C. Our synthesis and computational analysis also led to a structural revision of massarinolin A. The divergent approach features an enantioselective organocatalyzed Diels–Alder reaction to install the first stereogenic center in high ee, a scalable flow photochemical Wolff rearrangement to build the key bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, a furan oxidative cyclization to form the oxaspirolactone, a late‐stage allylic C−H oxidation, and a Myers’ NBSH‐promoted sigmatropic elimination to install the exo methylene group of massarinolin A.
Molecular interaction of poly (acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐dodecyl sulfonate) with dual responsiveness and application in oily emulsion wastewater
Authors: Cai Shuwei , Wang Yan , He Xianru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStimuli‐sensitive polymers are a class of macromolecular system with “intelligent” behavior. Herein, a copolymer of poly (acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐dodecyl sulfonate), which has salt‐sensitive and thermosensitive properties, is synthesized via precipitation polymerization. Its aqueous solution exhibits a clear sol state, while a gel is obtained via salt‐induction by addition a certain amount of NaCl. More interestingly, the gel can transform into clear sol again upon heating, which exhibits a phase transition of upper critical solution temperature in NaCl solution. The dual responsive behaviors of copolymer solutions are studied via rheological measurements. Then fluorescence spectrum, zeta potential test, and dynamic light scattering are employed to investigate molecular interaction in aqueous solution under varying conditions. It is found that dual responsive behaviors are caused by electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic association. At last, oily emulsion wastewater treatment indicates that this polymer shows characteristics of “smart flocculant” and has potential application prospect.
Status of the hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae) fishery in Indian waters with observations on the biology of scalloped hammerheadSphyrna lewini(Griffith & Smith, 1834)
Authors: Thomas Sujitha , Muktha M. , Sen Swatipriyanka , Kizhakudan Shoba Joe , Akhilesh K. V. , Purushottama G. B. , Mahesh V. , Rahangdale Shikha , Zacharia P. U. , Najmudeen T. M. , Manojkumar P. P. , Remya L. , Wilson Livi , Roul Subal Kumar , Pradhan Rajesh , Seetha P. K. , Yousuf K. S. S. M. , Nataraja G. D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHammerhead sharks are represented by four species in India's marine fishery –Sphyrna lewini,Sphyrna mokarran,Sphyrna zygaenaandEusphyra blochii. This paper describes the hammerhead shark fishery in India during 2007–2018 and summarizes observations on the biology ofS. lewiniexploited along the Indian coast.Hammerhead sharks are caught by trawl nets, gillnets, seines and line gear, mostly as bycatch. Annual average landing of hammerhead sharks during 2007–18 was 639 t, with a low of 290 t in 2018, of whichS, lewiniwas the dominant species, comprising 95% of landings. Hammerhead sharks formed nearly 1.31% of the total elasmobranch landings. About 54% of hammerhead sharks were landed by trawlers.Length range ofS. lewiniin regular landings was 36–300 cm total length (TL). The dominant size class was 30–100 cm TL; 79.5% of males and 83.2% of females measured between 40 and 100 cm TL. Length–weight relationship was derived as W = 0.0218*(L)2.634and W = 0.0131*(L)2.769for males and females, respectively.Overall sex ratio (F: M) was 1.3:1; below 100 cm TL, the sex ratio was skewed in favour of females. The length at first maturity of males was estimated as 168 cm. The length at first maturity of females was estimated at 239.6 cm. Fecundity ranged from 12–40, size at birth was 36–45 cm TL. Bony fishes were the preferred prey, followed by cephalopods.TheS. lewinilandings in India are dominated by juveniles and threatens sustainability of the stock. Capture of juvenile sharks can be excluded to a considerable extent through strict implementation of minimum legal size of capture, and a conservative minimum legal size of 220 cm is suggested for this species in Indian waters. Identification of recurring juvenile aggregation grounds, their spatio‐temporal closures, gear restrictions and greater stakeholder awareness could lead to conservation of the resource and a sustainable fishery.
Crowned Macrocycles Containing Two Pyrrolo[1,2‐a] Indoles Created By Intramolecular Fusion
Authors: Ojha Belarani , Laxman Kandala , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeterocyclic fused‐ring systems are of utmost importance because of their presence in many natural products with biological activity. Pyrroloindoles are tricyclic heterocycles that are present in various bioactive and medicinally valuable compounds. Herein, we report the synthesis of phenylene‐bridged bis‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole crowned macrocycles 1–3 in which the pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole moieties were formed via intramolecular fusion. The macrocycles were thoroughly characterized by 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS and X‐ray crystallographic studies. The X‐ray structure revealed that the two pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole moieties were parallel to each other, and one pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole unit was deviated by an angle of 9.54° while the other pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole unit was deviated by an angle of 12.0° from the mean plane defined by 28 core atoms. The macrocycles 1–3 absorb in the visible region and readily undergo oxidations because of their electron rich nature. The macrocycles 1–3 upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) generates the corresponding cation radicals 1–3.+ which were stable in the open air for a week. The cation radicals 1–3.+ absorb strongly in the NIR region and the experimental observations on crowned macrocycles 1–3 were corroborated by DFT and TD‐DFT studies.
Bauwerksuntersuchungen an Stahlbrücken im Bestand
Authors: Würfel Till , Maier Dietmar H. , Rudolf Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBauwerksuntersuchungen an Brücken sind im Regelwerk verankert und ein wichtiges Element im Sicherheitskonzept. Im Rahmen von Nachrechnungen und Neubewertungen von Brücken sowie anschließender dem Erhalt dienender Maßnahmen kann es erforderlich sein, detailliertere Untersuchungen durchzuführen. Am Beispiel einiger Instandsetzungs‐ bzw. Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen werden Vorgehensweisen bei Bauwerksuntersuchungen und Bauwerksdiagnostik an bestehenden Stahlbrücken aufgezeigt. Von der Werkstoffuntersuchung an Materialproben über detaillierte geometrische Aufnahmen mittels Laserscan, Seilmessungen an Schrägseilbrücken und geometrischen Einstufungen von Kerbfällen hin zu Dehnungsmessungen an einer orthotropen Fahrbahn werden die durchgeführten Untersuchungen und die daraus abgeleiteten Erkenntnisse beschrieben.
Sodium carbonate versus borate buffer for lactase quenching, laboratory work
Authors: Ramos‐de‐la‐Peña Ana Mayela , Mercado‐Valenzo Oscar Mario , Clorio‐Carrillo Jorge Abraham , López‐Incio Jazmin Dessiret , Monroy‐Borrego Andrea Gabriela , Marrero‐Bretado Mariana Monserrat , González‐Valdez José , Aguilar Oscar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA laboratory exercise for undergraduate advanced students of enzymology and biocatalysis is presented. Since enzyme assays can be quenched or continuous, this experiment compares the performance of two quenching agents for lactase, in a continuous setup. Enzymatic activity of β‐galactosidase (Aspergillus oryzae) was determined based on the release of 4‐nitrophenol from 4‐nitrophenyl β‐D‐galactopyranoside using a microplate reader. Sodium carbonate and borate buffer were tested as quenching agents, and experimental control was the unstopped assay. Based on released 4‐nitrophenol, enzyme activity, and rate constant k, the students could assess the performance of each termination agent. The experiment promotes disciplinary and transversal competencies, including research‐based learning, critical thinking, and introduce the students to high‐throughput techniques that are common in the research and development environment.