bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METTL3 attenuates proliferative vitreoretinopathy and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells via wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Ma Xinqi , Long Chongde , Wang Fangyu , Lou Bingsheng , Yuan Miner , Duan Fang , Yang Yao , Li Jiaqing , Qian Xiaobing , Zeng Jieting , Lin Shuibin , Shen Huangxuan , Lin Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a refractory vitreoretinal fibrosis disease, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is the key pathological mechanism of PVR. However, few studies focused on the role of METTL3, the dominating methyltransferase for m6A RNA modification in PVR pathogenesis. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT‐PCR were used to determine the expression of METTL3 in human tissues. Lentiviral transfection was used to stably overexpress and knockdown METTL3 in ARPE‐19 cells. MTT assay was employed to study the effects of METTL3 on cell proliferation. The impact of METTL3 on the EMT of ARPE‐19 cells was assessed by migratory assay, morphological observation and expression of EMT markers. Intravitreal injection of cells overexpressing METTL3 was used to assess the impact of METTL3 on the establishment of the PVR model. We found that METTL3 expression was less in human PVR membranes than in the normal RPE layers. In ARPE‐19 cells, total m6A abundance and the METTL3 expression were down‐regulated after EMT. Additionally, METTL3 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation through inducing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, METTL3 overexpression weakened the capacity of TGFβ1 to trigger EMT by regulating wnt/β ‐catenin pathway. Oppositely, knockdown of METTL3 facilitated proliferation and EMT of ARPE‐19 cells. In vivo, intravitreal injection of METTL3‐overexpressing cells delayed the development of PVR compared with injection of control cells. In summary, this study suggested that METTL3 is involved in the PVR process, and METTL3 overexpression inhibits the EMT of ARPE‐19 cells in vitro and suppresses the PVR process in vivo.
What do we mean, ‘necessary’?—Achieving balance and recognizing limits in primary healthcare and universal healthcare
Authors: Young Richard A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSturmberg and Martin make a compelling case for primary healthcare (PHC) to be the foundation for universal healthcare (UHC). They state that a system should have necessary resources, but what does that mean? Basic economic theory postulates that all resources are limited and that choices must be made between competing options. For a UHC system to be successful and resilient, it must accept that healthcare is a limited right, there will always be inequalities in healthcare delivery and outcomes, primary care physicians and their teams must accept the added burden of balancing the needs of their personal patients with the greater system, leaders and observers of healthcare systems must accept that moderation and balance will often be the best outcome even though they are difficult to measure, and leaders of healthcare systems must accept that they cannot control the system, but contribute by providing context and limited constraints, information, and resources. A deeper understanding of complex adaptive systems will best guide these necessary changes.
Does a pharmacist‐led medication use review improve medication adherence in polymedicated aged patients? Methodological choices matter!
Authors: Wuyts Joke , Maesschalck Joris , Hamelinck Wouter , De Wulf Isabelle , Foulon Veerle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe rise in chronic diseases urges for an identification of interventions that improve adherence. However, no golden standard exists for evaluating adherence in polymedicated patients. The objectives were to investigate the impact of a pharmacist‐led medication use review (MUR) service on adherence implementation rates for chronic medication, and to evaluate the appropriateness of two adherence calculation approaches in this regard.MethodBefore‐after study (SIMENON study) including ambulatory, aged, polymedicated patients. Refill data were used to calculate the proportion of days covered (PDC) per medication before and after the MUR. Adherence was assessed for chronic, solid, oral medication using a prescription‐based and interval‐based approach, and the performance of both approaches was compared.ResultsAdherence was evaluated for 1483 medications from 316 patients. The median baseline PDC per medication was 0.95 (prescription‐based method) and 0.91 (interval‐based approach). Pearson correlation between both approaches was 0.616 (P < .0001). The prescription‐based approach found less medication below the adherence threshold of 0.80 (319 medications; 21.5% vs 481 medications; 32.4%). Using the prescription‐based approach, the proportion of non‐adherent patients at baseline was 61.7% (195/316 patients), of which 54.9% (107/195 patients) was only non‐adherent for one medication. Median PDC scores increased significantly from 0.95 to 0.99 and 0.91 to 0.99 with the prescription‐based and interval‐based approach respectively (both P < .0001). Only considering the 319 medications with baseline PDC scores <0.8 using the prescription‐based approach, the median PDC scores significantly increased from 0.67 to 0.84 (P < .0001), with a median score improvement of 18.3%.ConclusionsAlthough baseline adherence was high in this population of polymedicated aged patients, both calculation methods showed the MUR significantly improved adherence. The prescription‐based approach was considered the most appropriate method. Based on these findings and literature evidence, it is recommended to implement the MUR service in Belgium and target non‐adherent patients for maximal effect.
How well can today's tooth‐colored dental restorative materials reproduce the autofluorescence of human teeth? – Ambition and reality!
Authors: Klein Christian , Connert Thomas , von Ohle Christiane , Meller Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe autofluorescence of dental hard tissues has been known for over 100 years. Thus, manufacturers add fluorophores to dental restorative materials to improve the esthetic properties of these materials. So far, there has been no study evaluating the ability of these fluorophores to reproduce the autofluorescence of dental hard tissues.Materials and MethodsA total of 240 different color shades representing 17 different brands of fluorescent light‐curing RBC and CAD/CAM restorative materials were analyzed with a monochromator‐based microplate reader. Additionally, combined enamel‐dentin specimens (n = 11) were analyzed as “gold standard”. The total fluorescence (TF) and the physiologically relevant luminous efficiency function adjusted total fluorescence (TFa) were determined. The differences between the brands and the enamel‐dentin specimens were further evaluated and visualized as contour plots.ResultsMerely the TFa of the brands CERASMART™, Filtek Supreme XTE™, KZR‐CAD HD 2, and LuxaCam composite were not significantly different to the enamel‐dentin specimens. The analysis of the contour plots revealed that even these four materials showed a fluorescence excess for the excitation wavelengths below about 400 nm and a deficit above this wavelength.ConclusionNone of the materials analyzed in this study were able to reproduce the natural fluorescence spectrum of the enamel‐dentin specimens.Clinical SignificanceUnlike the statements and images of blue fluorescent materials in the manufacturers' brochures, none of the materials examined here is fully capable of reproducing the natural autofluorescence of teeth.
Keeping close to the river, shore and surface: the first marine migration of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) post‐smolts
Authors: Atencio Benjamin J. , Thorstad Eva B. , Rikardsen Audun H. , Jensen Jenny L. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcoustic telemetry was utilized to track 49 brown trout (Salmo trutta) and 37 Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) first‐time migrants of wild origin [post‐smolts; mean LF (fork length): 169 and 172 mm] in a large fjord in northern Norway. The S. trutta were registered at sea for more than twice the time of the S. alpinus (medians of 54 and 22 days, respectively). Both species were mostly detected near river mouths (>80% of detections) and almost exclusively spent their time (>95%) within the interior 18 km of the fjord. They were surface oriented, with most detections at <1 m depth and S. trutta deeper on average (median mean depths of 0.7 and 0.5 m, respectively). This study concludes that post‐smolts of both species stay closer to the surface and to river mouths than larger veteran migrants. This study emphasizes the importance of river mouths and upper water layers for the survival of both species during their first marine migration.
Ultrasonography study of the skin wound healing process in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Ceballos‐Francisco Diana , García‐Carrillo Nuria , Cuesta Alberto , Esteban María Ángeles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to carry out an in vivo study of the skin healing process in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after being experimentally wounded. Firstly, the structure of normal skin was studied by real‐time ultrasonography (Vevo Lab, VisualSonics) and light microscopy. Besides this, experimental wounds were made on the left flank of each fish with a circular biopsy punch (8 mm diameter) below the lateral line. The healing process was assessed on live fish at 0, 6, 11 and 23 days post‐wounding using the real‐time ultrasonography in B‐mode and Power Doppler mode (Vevo 3100 FUJIFILM, VisualSonics). Through the ultrasonography images, both the skin structure and the evolution of the changes that wounds originated in the surrounding tissues were studied in vivo over time. Concomitantly, the pattern of neovascularization in the wounded area was followed during the healing process and it was demonstrated that, although the neovascularization started very early after the skin damage, it was increased in wounded areas from day 11 post‐wounding onwards. The results obtained proved the utility and power of using ultrasounds in fish to evaluate in vivo complex biological processes in real time, which are difficult to study by other methodologies. The present data shed some light on the reparation of external injuries in aquatic vertebrates.
The impact of intersectionality on nursing leadership, empowerment and culture: A case study exploring nurses and managers’ perceptions in an acute care hospital in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Aspinall Cathleen , Jacobs Stephen , Frey Rosemary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study determines whether the culture within an acute care hospital empowers ‘all’ nurses to be leaders by exploring intersectionality and nursing leadership in the context of the social environment.BackgroundNurses practice leadership in their day‐to‐day activities as clinical leaders alongside traditional roles of management and leadership. However, some nurses do not acknowledge nursing work as leadership activity, nor is it seen so by others where hierarchical leadership approaches remain prevalent. Social constructs of gender and race are barriers to accessing formal leadership positions for some, while dominant power structures such as class diminish the value of bedside nursing work. Unexplored is the impact of the intersection of these and other social identities on nurses being leaders.DesignAn embedded case study design.MethodsThirty‐one participants participated in semi‐structured interviews. Four levels of analysis including inductive and deductive approaches were applied to the data. The research complied with COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative research.ResultsThis study shows nurses do not identify themselves as leaders without an associated title and the pathway to leadership varies depending on intersecting social constructions.ConclusionThe impact of the organisational structures and the experience of navigating intersecting social constructions on nurses being leaders goes unseen, privileging some while disadvantaging others.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth organisations need to be aware of intersectionality in the workplace and explore equity in their structures to be genuinely empowering. Nursing leadership must examine strategies that challenge and decolonise the nursing profession. Bedside nurses should be given more power and respected as leaders of the patient experience, achievable through a renewed emphasis on the fundamentals of care and resonant leadership, which can neutralise a culture of managerialism. Intersectionality can inform the development of new nursing leadership roles that enable nurses to remain clinically active, widening opportunities.
Psychological stress associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic in postpartum women in Yokohama, Japan
Authors: Hiiragi Kazuya , Obata Soichiro , Misumi Toshihiro , Miyagi Etsuko , Aoki Shigeru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacts psychological stress levels in postpartum women in Yokohama, Japan.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the rates of positive screening tests for postpartum depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 9 or more or self‐injury factors) and liaison/psychiatric intervention rates between pre‐pandemic and pandemic groups of postpartum women who delivered a live birth at our tertiary perinatal center in Yokohama, Japan between January 2019 and May 2020. Those whose postpartum health screening was performed in 2019 (March–June 2019) were considered the pre‐pandemic group, and those whose screening was performed between March and June 2020 were considered the pandemic group. Adjustments were made for maternal background, pregnancy, and delivery outcomes, including a history of psychiatric disorders, complications, preterm delivery, NICU admission, and maternal postpartum complications, and the data were analyzed using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsPostpartum health screenings were performed on 339 women before the pandemic and 279 women during the pandemic. Positive screening rates for postpartum depression did not change before and during the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 0.885–2.46).ConclusionsThere was no apparent increase in maternal psychological stress due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in Yokohama, Japan. Postpartum women responded differently in settings with varied levels of disease severity and social restrictions.
Contamination rates of different methods of urine culture collection in children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guri Alex , Hurvitz Florenthal Michal , Scheier Eric , Mahlab‐Guri Keren , Balla Uri 
Published: March 2021

AimUrinary tract infection is a common cause of paediatric morbidity. However, there is no consensus on the default method for urine culture collection in children. This study aimed to examine the contamination rates of different urine collection methods.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in a paediatric emergency department. Data were collected from electronic health records on all children whose urine culture samples were obtained in the paediatric emergency department between March 2018 and March 2019. Different methods of urine collection included the midstream (MS) method, clean catch (CC), transurethral bladder catheterisation and suprapubic aspiration. Contamination rates and positive urine culture rates were calculated and compared for sex, age, and collection method.ResultsUrine culture samples were collected from 1507 children. There were 284 (18.8%) cultures that were positive with significant growth and 52 (3.5%) that were defined as ‘contaminated’. The contamination rates for the midstream method in toilet‐trained children were 1.6% (10/609), 4.9% (17/348) for CC in pre‐continent children, 4.9% (25/515) for transurethral bladder catheterisation and 0% (0/35) (P = 0.006) for suprapubic aspiration. There was no significant difference in contamination rates of urine cultures collected by CC and catheterisation in the compared groups. The rates of positive cultures in the subgroup of children with high suspicion for Urinary tract infection were also found to be similar.ConclusionsOur study shows that CC is non‐inferior to catheterisation for collecting urine cultures in young children.
Predictors of the Attitudes of Preservice Teachers Toward Teaching Students With Down Syndrome in Regular Schools in Ghana
Authors: Opoku Maxwell Peprah , Nketsia William , Odame Lois , Agyei‐Okyere Elvis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile research suggests that the inclusion of students with Down syndrome (DS) in regular classrooms has a positive impact on their learning, in general, a supportive teacher with a positive attitude is fundamental in shaping these students' school experiences. In Ghana, despite a large number of children with DS, there is little research exploring preservice teachers' attitudes toward including students with DS in regular schools. In this study, we recruited preservice teachers from teacher training institutions to understand the predictors of their attitudes toward teaching students with DS in regular classrooms. Using the revised Sentiment, Attitude, and Concern about Inclusive Education scale (SACIE‐R), 855 preservice teachers were recruited from three colleges of education (n = 524) and two campuses of a public university (n = 331). Although the preservice teachers were ambivalent about teaching students with DS, several demographic variables—such as preservice training in inclusive education, practice experience, and confidence teaching students with disabilities—emerged as significant predictors of attitudes. The study limitations, recommendations for future research and implications for policymaking are discussed.
Evolution of estimated glomerular filtration rate in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus‐coinfected patients receiving sofosbuvir‐based direct‐acting antivirals and antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Sun Hsin‐Yun , Hsieh Szu‐Min , Liu Wen‐Chun , Sheng Wang‐Hui , Liu Chun‐Jen , Su Tung‐Hung , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chen Pei‐Jer , Hung Chien‐Ching , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nephrotoxicity of sofosbuvir (SOF) on human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV)‐coinfected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains controversial. We prospectively compared the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes in 167 patients receiving SOF‐based direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) who also received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TFV)‐based (n = 116) and TFV‐free ART (n = 51). The eGFR was assessed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation, and the eGFR changes between ART regimens were compared by the generalized estimated equation. During DAA treatment, participants on TFV‐based ART had a higher eGFR decline than those on TFV‐free ART (slope coefficient difference: −0.82 ml/min/1.73 m2/month [95% CI: −1.21 to −0.43]; p < 0.001), whereas the eGFR changes did not differ between groups (slope coefficient difference: 0.13 ml/min/1.73 m2/month [95% CI: −0.32 to 0.58]; p = 0.42) after discontinuing DAAs. Participants on TFV TDF‐based ART had a higher eGFR decline than those on TFV alafenamide fumarate (TAF)‐based ART (slope coefficient difference: −0.31 ml/min/1.73 m2/month [95% CI: −0.50 to −0.12]; p = 0.01). After discontinuing DAAs, the eGFR changes did not differ between groups (slope coefficient difference: 0.06 ml/min/1.73 m2/month [95% CI: −0.98 to 1.10]; p = 0.91). In conclusion, HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients on TFV‐based ART had a slight eGFR decline compared to those on TFV‐free ART during SOF‐based DAA therapy. A similar trend between TDF‐based and TAF‐based ART was also observed. Because the differences of eGFR changes are limited, the physicians should not discourage the use of SOF‐based DAAs in HIV‐positive patients on TFV‐based ART.
Temporally limited late accretion after core formation in the Moon
Authors: Day James M. D. , Paquet Marine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHighly siderophile element (HSE: Au, Re, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os) abundances in planetary silicate mantles provide constraints on accretion and differentiation, as well as late accretion additions after core formation. The first in situ analyses of the HSE in mare basalt sulfide and metal phases enable the determination of the distribution of these elements during fractional crystallization processes. Metals have low Ni/Co (<8) and strong HSE inter‐element fractionation (Pd/Ir = 18–100) and, with troilite (Ni/Co < 4.2, Pd/Ir = 14–74), host 75–100% of the HSE in mare basalts. The compositions of these metal and sulfide grains are inconsistent with assimilation of impact‐contaminated HSE‐rich regolith materials. Furthermore, regolith contamination cannot explain the threshold of abundances of iridium (~50 ppt) in mare basalt bulk rock compositions. Instead, bulk rock mare basalts have HSE patterns consistent with inheritance from partial melting of mantle sources with no residual metal or sulfide. Mare basalt HSE and siderophile element abundances can be accounted for by their mantle sources recording prior separation of a small lunar core, fractionating Ni/Co and Hf/W and removing ~99% of the HSE after lunar formation. Following this event, late accretion of ~0.02% of lunar mass led to limited enrichment of the HSE in chondritic‐relative abundances. Signatures of core formation preclude elevated HSE abundances in the lunar silicate interior and indicate that disproportional late accretion in the Earth–Moon system may, in part, be due to later core formation in the Moon relative to Earth.
Multiple paths to the same destination: Influence of gene flow on convergent evolution
Authors: Yamasaki Yo Y. , Kitano Jun 
Published: March 2021

Elucidation of the genetic mechanisms of convergent evolution, the evolution of similar or the same phenotypes in phylogenetically independent lineages, helps predict how populations will respond to the same selective pressures. Convergent evolution can be caused by either the fixation of identical‐by‐descent alleles, independent mutations at the same gene, or mutations in different genes controlling the same trait. To what extent does the fixation of identical‐by‐descent alleles lead to convergent evolution in isolated populations where inflow of adaptive alleles from other populations is limited? In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Kemppainen et al. (2021) compared the genetic basis for the reduction of pelvic structures in three isolated freshwater populations of nine‐spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) from Northern Europe. The authors used quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to reveal that the pelvic reduction in these three populations was caused by mutations at different genetic loci. In contrast to studies in three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), where independently derived Pitx1 mutations were shown to be responsible for plate reduction across multiple freshwater populations, Kemppainen et al. (2021) found Pitx1 to be the candidate causative gene for only one population of P. pungitius. This study highlights the importance of genetic studies of convergent evolution, not only in the presence of gene flow but also in its absence for a better understanding of the genetic architecture of convergent evolution.
Joseph Margolis on Pragmatism
Authors: Campbell James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper begins with a memoir of the author’s interactions with Joseph Margolis that delineates both Margolis’s importance as a teacher and their disagreements on aspects of American philosophy. It then turns to Margolis’s discussions of pragmatism as a philosophical movement, with an emphasis on his understanding of John Dewey. The paper considers, third, Margolis’s account of the decline and rebirth of pragmatism, the latter process attributed largely to the work of Richard Rorty. The paper concludes with an examination of what it sees as Margolis’s most valuable work: his explorations of the nature of the self and of human society.