bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminescence and tunable color properties of uniphase white-emitting Sr3B2SiO8:Tm3+/Dy3+/Eu3+ phosphors by energy transfer for UV-excited white LEDs
Authors: Yuan Bo , Qi Chaochao , Zhang Xiangting , Song Yanhua , Luan Guoyan , Zou haifeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Multi-color single-phase white emission Sr 3 B 2 SiO 8 :Tm 3+ /Dy 3+ /Eu 3+ fluorescent powders were prepared by solid-state fritting method. The fluorescence performance of Tm 3+ , Dy 3+ and Eu 3+ ions single-activated Sr 3 B 2 SiO 8 phosphors were investigated and they exhibit desirable behaviors in their characteristic emissions. Meanwhile, the energy required for migration from Tm 3+ to Dy 3+ and from Dy 3+ to Eu 3+ in co-doped fluorescent substance was determined by the aids of steady-state and transient-state photoluminescence spectra /decay measurements. The energy transmission process from Tm 3+ to Dy 3+ and Dy 3+ to Eu 3+ has been explored to be a dipole–quadrupole interaction and a dipole-dipole interaction of the resonant type, respectively. More significantly, by tuning the molarity ratio of doping Dy 3+ /Eu 3+ ions, multicolor emission from yellow to red shall be achieved in Sr 3 B 2 SiO 8 :Dy 3+ , Eu 3+ phosphors for its potential adhibitions in solid-state lighting applications. The Sr 3 B 2 SiO 8 :Tm 3+ , Dy 3+ samples can implement white light emission by the appropriate changeable doping molar quantity of Tm 3+ and Dy 3+ , applying potentially in white LEDs. The energy migrations between co-doped rare earth ions play a decisive role in these processes.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Urbanization Level and Industrial Structure: Empirical Evidence from North China
Authors: Siqin Zhuoya , Niu Dongxiao , Li Mingyu , Zhen Hao , Yang Xiaolong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to examine the nexus among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, urbanization level and industrial structure in North China over the period 2004–2019, according to an expanded Cobb-Douglas production function. The panel econometric techniques are employed to complete the empirical analysis, including cross-sectional correlation test, panel unit root test, panel cointegration test and panel Granger causality test. The empirical results support the long-term equilibrium relationship among CO2 emissions, urbanization level and industrial structure in North China, and the urbanization level contributes most to CO2 emissions, followed by fossil energy consumption. Furthermore, the bidirectional causality between CO2 emissions and urbanization level and unidirectional causality from industrial structure to CO2 emissions are found in North China, indicating that urbanization level and industrial structure have significant impacts on CO2 emissions. Finally, according to the empirical findings, several policy suggestions are proposed for the purpose of reducing CO2 emissions in North China.
Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils Around Petroleum Product Marketing Company as Environmental Degradation Indicators
Authors: Ayeni D. A , ADEBIYI Festus Mayowa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study aims at investigating chemical speciation, bioavailability and risk assessment of some selected metals in soils around refined petroleum depot using the concentrations of the metals as variables to ascertain the impacts of the activities within the petroleum depot. Surface-soils were got from within the premises of Pipelines and Product Marketing Company, Ibadan, Nigeria, while control samples were got at 200 m away from the study location. Electrical conductivity and pH were measured using a calibrated dual purpose meter, while elemental analysis was done using Atomic absorption spectroscopy analytical technique. The results showed that the soils exhibited low ecological risk; minor enrichment for Mn, moderately severe enrichment for Ni and Co, severe enrichment for Cr and extremely severe enrichment for Pb, Zn and Cd; low contamination factor by Pb, Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, and Fe and moderate contamination by Zn and Cd. Geo - accumulation index results indicated unpolluted with Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, and Fe, unpolluted to moderately polluted with Pb and Zn and moderately to strongly polluted with Cd. Inter-element clustering results indicated chemical affinity and/or similar genetic origin among the elements. Speciation analysis suggested that Fe, Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni occurred in the residual fraction; Pb, and Zn in the carbonate fraction, while Mn have its highest percentage in the Fe-Mn oxides fraction. Percentage mobility and bioavailability showed that most of the metals are immobile and non-bioavailable. Study concluded that the oil-impacted soils were contaminated with most of the metals, but with low ecological risk.
Electrotherapy Treatments Performed in the Area of the Throat and Larynx and the Level of TSH, FT3 and FT4 Hormones: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zwolińska Jolanta , Augustyn Barbara , Baj Katarzyna , Krukowska Jadwiga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
No current studies are available on application and side effects of potassium iodide iontophoresis. This study assessed the potassium iodide iontophoresis effect in the throat and larynx area on TSH, FT3 and FT4 hormone levels. Double-blinded randomized controlled trial with 1:1 parallel-group was conducted at the University of Rzeszow, Poland. A total of 50 healthy volunteers with normal TSH, FT3, FT4 levels without focal changes in the thyroid ultrasonography were subjected to 10 electrotherapy treatments (galvanization and iontophoresis groups). TSH, FT3, FT4 levels were determined before 10 treatments (test 1), 2 weeks after their completion (test 2) and after 6 months (test 3). In tests 2 and 3, both groups had normal levels of TSH, FT3, and FT4. No statistically significant differences between the galvanization and iontophoresis groups were found in terms of change of TSH, FT3, FT4 levels between tests 1 vs. 2 and 1 vs. 3. Both groups had lower levels of all measured parameters in test 3. Potassium iodide iontophoresis does not affect thyroid hormone levels in the short and long term. It is advisable to continue the follow-up study with larger groups to confirm the safety of electrotherapy procedures in the pharynx and larynx area.
NIS or Local Solutions in Land Administration to Prevent Corruption in Bangladesh: Towards a Sustainable Policy Framework
Authors: Sakib Nurul Huda , Jahid Mujahidul Islam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Corruption in land administration is one of the challenging issues to implement National Integrity Strategy. Citizens who visited the land office has someway bitter experiences in many ways. Drawing these issues, this research attempted to investigate the challenges of NIS in Land administration and possible way out. Based on in-depth interviews with citizens and public officials and document analysis found that NIS helped to modernize the land administration in recent years. The government with the help of the young officials at the land administration have taken several measures to resolve the minor crisis. However, the improvement in service delivery is someway quite nominal compared to the volume of corruption land administration. This likely because of the nature of the societal pattern of the country. In practice, there are still local and administrative politics has significant influence. Therefore, despite having good initiatives and appropriate measures, officials in land administration failed to implement NIS properly. Also, several other problems like lack of skilled manpower and technical support, the tendency of violating rules and others stated in the paper about corruption are making NIS implementation challenges. However, the study found that an alternative approach like ‘local solutions for the local problems might have more success compared to NIS approach. Therefore, the paper argued that dynamic sustainable and corruption-free land administration requires a combined approach of both local solutions, innovation and NIS implementation in Bangladesh.
Influence of Aquifer Heterogeneity on Cr(VI) Diffusion and Removal From Groundwater
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Huang Xinxiang , Gong Jianshi , Ma Lei , Qian Jiazhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Previous studies show aquifer heterogeneity has an important influence on removal of Cr(VI) in groundwater, but little research has revealed the role of aquifer heterogeneity in Cr(VI) migration and how effective using emulsified vegetable oil is for Cr(VI) removal in groundwater. We simulated a laboratory sand-packed box over a 50-day period to research the effects of aquifer heterogeneity on Cr(VI) diffusion and also injected emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) into the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) filled with compost to investigate the influences of aquifer heterogeneity on Cr(VI) removal from groundwater, with fixed conditions of simulated true water temperature of shallow groundwater (19±0.5 ℃), hydraulic gradient (3‰), the Suzhou coal mining area (Anhui, China). The results show that aquifer heterogeneity had the significant impact on Cr(VI) diffusion with an overall diffusion direction of Cr(VI) that was from the upper left corner to the lower right corner along the direction of the groundwater; permeable reactive barrier would effectively remove Cr(VI) from groundwater in heterogeneous aquifer due to the vertical movement of microorganisms between different aqueous media; coarse sand and medium sand showed high performance in Cr(VI) diffusion, with a slight superiority to fine sand; following a one-time EVO injection, a considerably stable and uniform effective remove zone similar to the shape of ∑ was formed in the heterogeneous aquifer, and its Cr(VI) removal efficiency was over 95%.
The prevalence, distribution and impact of peripheral neuropathy among Danish patients with cancer – A population-based cross-sectional study.
Authors: Nielsen Sebastian Werngreen , Ruhlmann Christina H. , Eckhoff Lise , Herrstedt Jørn , Dalton Susanne O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) has been studied in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes, platinums and vinca alkaloids. The prevalence is unknown in the general oncological cancer population, characterized by advanced age, comorbidities and heterogeneous treatments.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to all adult patients, attending outpatient services at three Danish departments of oncology. The survey contained the EORTC-QLQ-C30, the EORTC-CIPN20, the GAD7 and PHQ9 questionnaires. A high PN symptom score was defined as a summary score ≥ 30 points on the CIPN20.Results: With an overall response rate of 83% (2839 patients), prevalence of PN was 17% overall, varying from 15 to 30% between diagnosis groups.Conclusion: Symptoms of PN are experienced widely across cancer groups in the oncology setting and symptoms are correlated with patient-related factors as living alone, various comorbidities, polypharmacy, and cannabis use.
Co-occurrence subgroups of child sexual abuse, health risk behaviors and their associations among secondary school students in China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zuo Xiayun , Mao Yanyan , Lian Qiguo , Luo Shan , Zhang Shucheng , Tu Xiaowen , Lou Chaohua , Zhou Weijin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Little is known on the co-occurrence and heterogeneity of child sexual abuse (CSA) or health risk behavior (HRB) prevalence nor the associations among the victims. Objectives To detect adolescent subgroups reporting CSAs or HRBs, and to examine the association between the subgroups. Methods Participants were secondary school students in a national survey in China (N = 8746). Self-reported CSA and HRB experiences were collected through a computer assisted questionnaire. Multigroup latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine latent subgroups of CSA and HRB. Dual latent class regression analysis was used to examine the association between CSA and HRB classes. Results A total of 8746 students participated in our study. The prevalence of having ever experienced any of the reported seven CSA items was 12.9%. The preferred LCA model consisted of a three-class CSA latent variable, i.e. "Low CSAs"(95.7% of the total respondents), "Verbal or exhibitionism CSAs"(3.3%), and "high multiple CSAs" (1.1%); and a three-class HRB latent variable, i.e. "Low HRBs"(70.5%), “externalizing HRBs” (20.7%), and “internalizing HRBs” (8.7%). Students in the "Verbal or exhibitionism CSAs" or "high multiple CSAs" classes had higher probabilities of being in “externalizing HRBs” or “internalizing HRBs” class. The probabilities were higher in "high multiple CSAs" class(male externalizing OR 4.05, 95%CI 1.71-9.57; internalizing OR 11.77, 95%CI 4.76-29.13; female externalizing OR 4.97, 95%CI 1.99-12.44; internalizing OR 9.87, 95%CI 3.71-26.25) than those in "Verbal or exhibitionism CSA"( male externalizing OR 2.51, 95%CI 1.50-4.20; internalizing OR 3.08, 95%CI 1.48-6.40; female externalizing OR 2.53, 95%CI 1.63-3.95; internalizing OR 6.05, 95%CI 3.73-9.80). Conclusions There are different latent class co-occurrence patterns of CSA items or HRB items among the respondents. CSA experiences are in association with HRB experiences and the associations between latent classes are dose-responded. Heterogeneity plays a role in the associations. The results could help identify high-risk subgroups and promote more nuanced interventions addressing adverse experiences and risk behaviors among at-risk adolescents.
Response of earthworm coelomocytes and catalase to pentanone and hexanone: A revelation of the toxicity of conventional solvents at the cellular and molecular level
Authors: Li Xiangxiang , Li Meifei , Sun Ning , He Falin , Chu Shanshan , Zong Wansong , Niu Qigui , Liu Rutao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Organic solvents like 2-Pentanone and 2-Hexanone which are widely used in industrial production play an important role in the source of chemical pollution. Based on the current gaps in 2-Pentanone and 2-Hexanone cytotoxicity studies, the earthworms in the soil, which are susceptible to solvent leakage and volatilization, were selected as the receptor. The cytotoxicity of 2-Pentanone and 2-Hexanone was revealed by measuring the multiple intracellular indicators of oxidative stress. At the molecular level, changes in the structure and function of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) were characterized in vitro by a variety of spectroscopy methods and molecular docking. The results show that 2-Pentanone and 2-Hexanone that induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species can eventually decrease the cell viability of coelomocytes, accompanied by the regular changes of antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation level. In addition, the exposure of 2-Pentanone and 2-Hexanone can shrink the backbone structure of CAT, quench the fluorescence and misfold the secondary structure. The decrease in enzyme activity should be attributed to the structural changes induced by surface binding. This study discussed the toxicological effects and mechanisms of commonly used organic solvents at the cellular and molecular level, which creatively proposed a new combined method.
Self-adaptive multi-objective climate policies align mitigation and adaptation strategies
Authors: Carlino Angelo , Tavoni Massimo , Castelletti Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With intensifying climate change impacts, there is a risk that economic resources needed to adapt to the rising damages are diverted away from emission reduction, jeopardizing the chances of stabilizing temperature within safe levels.
Indeed, the traditional static single-objective formulation leads to a conflict between mitigation and adaptation, invalidating the recently established consistency of cost-benefit analysis with Paris agreement targets.
Here, we show that this tension can be resolved by integrating multi-objective optimization and feedback control in the DICE model to design self-adaptive climate policies trading off welfare maximization with Paris Agreement achievement.
These policies allow adjusting against uncertainty as information on the socio-climatic system accumulates thus more realistically representing the policy-making process.
Years above 2°C are drastically reduced, and costs of meeting the Paris agreement lowered by 2 trillion USD emphasizing the need for integrating adaptation and mitigation strategies and the value of embracing a self-adaptive and multi-objective perspective.
R13, a TrkB Agonist Prodrug, Inhibits Asparagine Endopeptidase (AEP) and Increases Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Preventing Bone Loss
Authors: Xiong Jing , Liu Xia , Zhang Zhaohui , Adams Jonathan , Pacifici Roberto , Ye Keqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB) are expressed in human osteoblasts and mediate fracture healing. BDNF/TrkB signaling activates Akt that phosphorylates and inhibits asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), which regulates the differentiation fate of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) and is altered in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here we show that R13, a small molecular TrkB receptor agonist prodrug, inhibits AEP and promotes bone formation. Though both Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) induced by ovariectomy (OVX) remain comparable between WT and BDNF +/- mice, R13 treatment significantly elevates OPG in both mice without altering RANKL, blocking trabecular bone loss. Moreover, OVX increases RANKL and OPG in WT and AEP KO mice with RANKL/OPG ratio lower in the latter than the former, attenuating bone turnover. 7,8-DHF, released from the prodrug R13, activates TrkB and its downstream effector CREB, which is critical for OPG augmentation. Consequently, 7,8-DHF represses C/EBPß/AEP pathway, inhibiting RANKL-induced RAW264.7 osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, our findings support that R13 exerts its therapeutic efficacy toward osteoporosis via inhibiting AEP and escalating OPG.
A Low Cost and Efficient Breast Cancer Detection Method With a Staircase Shaped Ultrawide Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Monostatic Radar Based Microwave Imaging Technique
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, a staircase shaped ultra-wide band dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has been used as a sensor for detection of breast tumor by monostatic radar based microwave imaging (MRMWI).The proposed DRA has fractional bandwidth (BW) 98.5% and high peak gain 5.98dB along with dual polarization behavior from 5.12-8.2GHz and 11.02-13.8GHz. In MRMWI setup, DRA is placed over the breast phantom at a distance of 7mm and provides the safe exposure of radiation (<1.6W/Kg). For simulation, it rotates around the phantom at a fixed interval in elevation (0-180◦) and azimuthal (0-360◦) planes. It works as a radiate and receive the reflected signals towards and from the scanned area simultaneously. To validate the results, fabricated DRA is connected to vector network analyzer and rotates (as done for simulation) around the artificial breast phantom. That is a replica of human breast made from gelatin+sugar, Vaseline and wheat flour+water equivalent to skin, fat and tumor respectively. Afterward S11responses are recorded in the presence and absence of tumor inside the phantom. A significant variation in recorded values leads to the detection of tumor that processed further in beam-forming algorithms; delay and sum (DAS) and delay-multiply and sum (DMAS) to reform 2-dimensional image of tumor in MATLAB.
Low Oxygen Tension Potentiates Proliferation and Stemness but Not Multilineage Differentiation of Caprine Male Germline Stem Cells
Authors: Singh Shiva Pratap , Kharche Suresh Dinkar , Pathak Manisha , Ranjan Ravi , Soni Yogesh Kumar , Singh Manoj Kumar , Pourouchottamane Ramasamy , Chauhan Manmohan Singh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The milieu of testicular germline stem cells (mGSCs) is characterized as low oxygen (O2) environment, whereas, there in-vitro expansion is typically performed under normoxia (20-21% O2). Here, we evaluated and compared the culture and multilineage differentiation characteristics of enriched (through differential platting and percoll density centrifugation) caprine mGSCs (cmGSCs) under hypoxic (5% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) culture conditions. For this, in addition to growth characteristics and population-doubling time (PDT); viability, proliferation, senescence, and expression of key-markers of adhesion (β-integrin and E-Cadherin) and stemness (OCT-4, THY-1 and UCHL-1) were evaluated and compared under normoxia and hypoxia. Moreover, the extent of multilineage differentiation (neurogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation) was assessed. The survival, viability and proliferation were significantly promoted and PDT was reduced (p < 0.05), thus yielding a higher number of viable cells with larger colonies under hypoxia. Furthermore, expression of stemness and adhesion markers was distinctly increased under lowered O2 condition. Conversely, the presence of differentiated regions and expression of differentiation specific key genes [C/EBPα (adipogenic), nestin and β-tubulin (neurogenic), and COL2A1 (chondrogenic)] were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced under hypoxic conditions. These data demonstrate that culturing cmGSCs under hypoxia augments the growth characteristics, and stemness but not the multilineage differentiation potential of cmGSCs as compared with normoxia. These data are important for the development of robust methodologies for ex-vivo expansion and lineage-committed differentiation of cmGSCs for clinical applications.