bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Some New Derivatives of Chlorobenzyl-Oxy-Phenyl-Ethyl-Thio-1H-Tetrazole and Study Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity
Authors: Ambhore Ajay N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years tetrazole scaffolds have been attracted interest in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry research. The unique structure of the tetrazole derivatives exhibits widespread applications in biology and technology. The close structural resemblance with carboxylic acid acts as a booster of the latter. Due to this diversified potential utilization, several methods are reported for the synthesis of tetrazole scaffolds.
Here in this chapter, we describe the synthesis of chlorobenzyl-oxy-phenyl-ethyl-thio-1H-tetrazole derivatives ( 6a-p ). The newly synthesized derivatives are characterized by spectral characterization and screened for their antifungal activity. Among these, some of the newly synthesized compounds show potent antifungal activity.
Acetyl-cinobufagin Suppresses Triple Negative Breast Cancer Progression by Inhibiting the STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Qi Yufeng , Zhu Tianru , Liu Zitian , Liu Conghui , Yan Congzhi , Wu Zhixuan , Xu Yiying , Bai Ying , Yang Lehe , Cheng Dezhi , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhao Haiyang , Zhao Chengguang , Dai Xuanxuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The incidence of breast cancer (BC) worldwide has increased substantially in recent years. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to a crucial event impacting tumor heterogeneity. Although cinobufagin acts as an effective anticancer agent, the clinical use of cinobufagin is limited due to its strong toxicity. Acetyl-cinobufagin, a pre-drug of cinobufagin, was developed and prepared with greater efficacy and lower toxicity.Methods: A heterograft mouse model using triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, was used to evaluate the potency of acetyl-cinobufagin. Signal transducer and stimulator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/EMT involvement was investigated by gene knockout experiments using siRNA and Western blot analysis.Results: Acetyl-cinobufagin inhibited proliferation, migration, and cell cycle S/G2 transition and promoted apoptosis in TNBC cells in vitro. In general, IL6 triggered the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 thereby activating the STAT3 pathway and inducing EMT. Mechanistically, acetyl-cinobufagin suppressed the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 and blocked the interleukin (IL6)-triggered translocation of STAT3 to the cell nucleus. In addition, acetyl-cinobufagin suppressed EMT in TNBC by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Experiments in an animal modelof breast cancer clearly showed that acetyl-cinobufagin was able to reduce tumor growth.Conclusions: The findings of this study support the potential clinical use of acetyl-cinobufagin as a STAT3 inhibitor in TNBC adjuvant therapy.
Elimination and Reduction of Harmful Substances in Cigarette Smoke, Using Nanomaterials: Study Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Chalak Mohammad Hossein , Shekaftik Soqrat Omari , Jafari Hossein , Ghaffari Hamid Reza , Dadipoor Sakineh , Popov Tsvetan Ivanov 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Cigarette smoke is an aerosol containing more than thousands of chemical compounds, several of which are carcinogens and toxic. Many efforts have been made to use nanomaterials (NMs) to remove and filter toxic substances in cigarette smoke. Due to the characteristics of MLs and their selectivity to different compounds, NMs have a high potential for practical application in reducing harmful compounds in cigarette smoke. The objective of this systematic review is to collect, combine, and analyze the basic intervention research on NMs for removal and reduction of harmful substances in cigarette smoke. This systematic review will determine the most important factors and expected characterizations for the development or commercialization of a new filters. Finally, we will review the challenges of using NMs-based interventions.
Methods
This protocol is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-P protocol and Cochrane methodology. The inclusion/exclusion criteria are determined based on PICOTS (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Time, Study Design) Framework. The Comprehensive literature searches will be conducted in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and 3Iranian database, including SID, Iranmedex and Magiran. The quality of the papers and the risk of bias will be assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) methodology. The results will be presented in the text as well as in a table and figure based on the SWiM guidelines (Synthesis Without Meta-analysis). the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and guidelines will be tracked to certify a robustness and reproducibility of the process.
Discussion
A comprehensive analysis of the studies conducted in this field can identify research needs, examine the current and expected situation, provide the necessary parameters for research and development of new filters and ultimately determine the effective priorities for further effective interventions.
Dielectric Constant, Metallization Criterion and Optical Properties of CuO Doped TeO2-B2O3 Glasses
Authors: NIDZAM NAZIRUL NAZRIN SHAHROL , Umar S.A. , Halimah M.K. , Marian M.M. , Najwa Z.W. , Jufa M.S. , Syahirah M.T. , Zuhasanah Z. , Azlan M.N. , Geidam I.G. , Boukhris Imed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Copper oxide doped TeO2 – B2O3 glass system with empirical formula; [(B2O3)0.3(TeO2)0.7]1-x(CuO)x using the melt quenching method, where x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, and 0.025 was combined. The glass samples’ density and molar volume were measured, followed by characterizations using the UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopes. The amorphous or glassy nature of glass samples was proven by the XRD spectra except for the pure borotellurite sample which showed a peak around 2θ = 20o, indicating α-TeO2 crystalline phase presence. The FTIR spectral analysis suggested the presence of BO3, TeO3 and TeO4 as the structural functional units in the glass samples. The UV-Vis spectra showed no presence of any sharply defined edges, affirming the amorphous or glassy nature of the glass materials. Physical parameters e.g. molar volume, density, oxygen packing density (OPD), inter ionic distance of Cu2+ ions, concentration of copper ion per unit volume (N), as well as the polaron radius data were presented and discussed. Also, the direct bandgap (3.8900 to 3.5900 eV) , indirect bandgap (3.3200 to 3.0800 eV), refractive index (2.318 to 2.378), dielectric constant (5.3731 to 5.6549), optical dielectric constant (4.3731 to 4.6549), refractive index based metallization criterion (0.406885 to 0.391916) and the band gap based metallization criterion (0.407431 to 0.392428) were analysed and discussed. Based on the metallization criterion and values of refractive index, the glasses are good candidates for optoelectronic and laser applications. Meanwhile, the dielectric constants’ values of the present glasses indicate their suitability bandpass filters and microelectronic substrates applications.
A Critical Analysis of the Multi-Focus Images Fusion Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Computer Vision
Authors: Gebremeskel Gebeyehu Belay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper focused on the challenge of image fusion processing and lack of reliable image information and proposed multi-focus image fusion using discrete wavelet transforms and computer vision techniques for the fused image coefficient selection process. I made an in-depth analysis and improvement on the existing algorithms from the wavelet transform and the rules of multi-focus image fusion object features’ extractions. The wavelet transform uses authentic localization properties, and computer vision provides efficient processing time and is a powerful method to analyze object focus in the high-frequency precision and steps. The process of image fusion using wavelet transformation is the wavelet basis function and wavelet decomposition level in iterative experiments to enhance fused image information. The rules of multi-focus image fusions are the wavelet transformation on the features of the high-frequency coefficients, which enhance the fusion image features reliability on the frequency domain and regional contrast of the object.
Worldwide clustering and infection cycles as universal features of multiscale stochastic processes in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Dankulov Marija Mitrovic , Tadic Bosiljka , Melnik Roderick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Predicting the evolution of the current epidemic depends significantly on understanding the nature of the underlying stochastic processes. To unravel the global features of these processes, we analyse the world data of SARS-CoV-2 infection events, scrutinising two eight-month periods associated with the epidemic’s outbreak and initial immunisation phase. Based on the correlation-network mapping, K-means clustering, and multifractal time series analysis, our results reveal universal patterns, suggesting potential predominant drivers of the pandemic. More precisely, the Laplacian eigenvectors localisation has revealed robust communities of different countries and regions that then cluster according to similar shapes of infection fluctuations. Apart from quantitative measures, the immunisation phase differs significantly from the epidemic outbreak by the countries and regions constituting each cluster. While the similarity grouping possesses some regional components, the appearance of large clusters spanning different geographic locations is persevering. Furthermore, cyclic trends are characteristic of the identified clusters, dominating large temporal fluctuations of infection evolution, which are prominent in the immunisation phase. Meanwhile, persistent fluctuations around the local trend occur in intervals smaller than 14 days. These results provide a basis for further research into the interplay between biological and social factors as the primary cause of infection cycles and a better understanding of the impact of socio-economical and environmental factors at different phases of the pandemic.
Influence of the Distance Between Nozzle and Substrate on Structural, Photoluminescence, and Detector Characteristics of p-NiO/n-Si Hetero-Junction Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Abed Husam R. , Khudadad Ameer I. , Oleiwi Fadhil Mahmood 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present investigation, p-NiO has been deposited on n-Si (100) substrate by the spray pyrolysis method. The effect of the distance between the substrate and the nozzle on the structural, photoluminescence, and detection properties has been well inspected. XRD analysis proved the polycrystalline system with a cubic structure for NiO. The elemental analysis confirmed the existence of Ni, O, and Si materials without any impurities. The FESEM analysis showed nano and micro particles distributed on the Si layer, the micro particles have porous like structures which play a significant role as photons guider. The photoluminescence measurement depicted three main peaks at the UV and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum which are related to near band edge emission and defects within the crystal, respectively. I-V characteristics revealed good conductivity under UV illumination, and the highest current was recorded by a sample when the distance between the nozzle and the substrate is 25 cm. The responsivity elucidated a high value at UV region with 6.5 mA/W, and the current-time properties demonstrated good reproducibility, high stability and photoresponse, and rapid response and recovery times of 0.375 and 0.791 s, respectively at a lower bias voltage of 1.5 Volt under UV photons source.
Multilayered MapReduce Framework to Link Cybernetic Vulnerabilities and Cybernetic Laws from E-News Articles
Authors: P SUDHANDRADEVI 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The growth of technology evaluation and the influence of smart gazettes, which have a very complex structure, the amount of data in an organization, E-Commerce, and ERP explodes. When data is processed as described, it becomes the engine of every individual. According to projections from 2025, social media, IoT, streaming data, and geodata will generate 80% of unstructured data, and there will be 4.8 billion tech enthusiasts. The most popular social media trend allows users to access publicly available data. Hackers are highly qualified in both the web space and the dark web, and the rise of complexity and digitization of this public access will cause loopholes in legislation. The major goal of this study is to gather information about the cyber vulnerability of electronic news. Data collection, text standardization, and feature extraction were all part of the initial step. In the second step, MapReduce was used to obtain demographic insights using a multi-layered categorization strategy. Cybercrime is classified using a classifier technique, and the model has a 53 percent accuracy rate. Phishing is a result of cyber weaknesses, and it has been discovered in a higher number of metropolitan cities. Men, rather than women, make up the majority of crime victims. Individuals should be made aware of secure access to websites and media, according to the findings of the study. People should be aware of cyber vulnerabilities, as well as cyber laws enacted under the IPC, the IT Act 2000, and CERT-In.
A target engagement assay to assess uptake, potency and retention of antibiotics in living bacteria
Authors: Couñago Rafael , Fanti Rebeka , Vasconcelos Stanley , Catta-Preta Carolina , Sullivan Jaryd , Riboldi Gustavo , Reis Caio dos , Ramos Priscila , Edwards Aled , Behr Marcel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A major challenge in antibiotics drug discovery is to turn potent biochemical inhibitors of essential bacterial components into effective antimicrobials. This difficulty is underpinned by a lack of methods to investigate the physicochemical properties needed for candidate antibiotics to permeate the bacterial cell envelope and avoid clearance by the action of bacterial efflux pumps. To address these issues, here we used a target engagement assay to measure the equilibrium and kinetics binding parameters of antibiotics to their molecular targets in live bacteria. We validated this approach for a known antibiotic target, dihydrofolate reductase, using the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the emerging human pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus. We expect the use of similar target engagement assays to expedite the discovery and progression of novel, cell-permeable antibiotics with on-target activity.
Excess Noise Factor in Avalanche Photodiodes with Dead Space Effect
Authors: Angadi Vignesh Reddy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This project aims to produce a graphical user interface (GUI) for MATLAB programs written byJ.S.Marsland as part of his research into the excess noise factor in avalanche photodiodes (APDs). TheGUI will be produced using the GUIDE package supplied with the MATLAB software combined withthe MATLAB programs. The GUI will then be used to compare this research work with the researchwork of others e.g. the Monte Carlo calculations made by the research group at the FrenchAerospace Laboratory (ONERA). Comparison with other research work will require the digitization ofsome graphs published in academic journals.
A Rigorous Analysis of Self-Heating Effects in Nanoscale Dielectric Pocket Double-Gate-All-Around (DP-DGAA) MOSFETs
Authors: Purwar Vaibhav , Gupta Rajeev , Tiwari Pramod Kumar , Dubey Sarvesh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dielectric Pocket Double-Gate-All-Around (DP-DGAA) MOSFETs are one of the preferred choices for ULSI applications because of significantly low off-current, reduced power dissipation, and high immunity to short channel effect. However, DP-DGAA MOSFETs suffer from self-heating owing to the unavailability of proper heat take-out paths. In this paper, the electrothermal (ET) simulations have been performed with hydrodynamic and thermodynamic transport models to analyze the self-heating effects (SHEs) in DP-DGAA MOSFETs. The electrothermal characteristics against various device parameters such as spacer length, device thickness, thermal contact resistance, and drain voltage have been investigated. The effect of SHE on the drive current has also been evaluated. Further, the impact of thermal contact resistance and ambient temperature variations of the device on SHE and thermal noise have been analyzed using Sentaurus TCAD simulator.
Cross-Sectional Study of Cholinergic Urticaria Subtypes And Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Katsurada Naoko , Nagano Tatsuya , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Kiriu Tatsunori , Dokuni Ryota , Kamiryo Hiroshi , Yoshioka Ai , Fukunaga Atsushi , Nishigori Chikako , Nishimura Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is classified into several subtypes: 1) conventional sweat allergy-type CholU (conventional SAT-CholU), 2) CholU with palpebral angioedema (CholU-PA), 3) CholU with acquired anhidrosis and/or hypohidrosis (CholU-Anhd); 1) and 2) include SAT based on pathogenesis. There have been no studies on differences in the prevalence of bronchial asthma among the subtypes. We evaluated the bronchial responsiveness of each subtype. Methods: We analyzed bronchial responsiveness using the methacholine dose indicator Dmin, respiratory symptoms, and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Results: Median log10 Dmin (interquartile range) of patients with conventional SAT-CholU (n=11), CholU-PA (n=11), and CholU-Anhd (n=11) was 0.381 (−0.829, 1.079), 0.717 (0.249, 0.787), and 1.318 (0.121, 1.699), respectively (p=0.516). Respiratory symptoms evaluated using the International Primary Care Airways Group questionnaire were less frequently observed in CholU-Anhd (0 [0, 1]) than in conventional SAT-CholU (1 [0–2]) or CholU-PA (1 [1–3]) (p=0.049). FeNO of patients with conventional SAT-CholU, CholU-PA, and CholU-Anhd was 23 (18.5, 65.0), 39 (32.0, 59.5), and 25 (19.0, 33.0) ppb, respectively (p=0.237). Conclusions: Log Dmin tended to be lower in patients with SAT-CholU than in those with CholU-Anhd. Distinguishing between CholU subtypes may reveal different degrees of bronchial responsiveness based on a distinct pathogenesis.
Novel Automotive Engine Shaft Made of Composite with and without Material Property Grading
Authors: Asiri Saeed Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Engine Shafts are a very critical component of Automotive and Aerospace. Their basic purpose is to transmit power by rotation. They suppose various parts like gears and pulleys, and they are supported by bearings, which reside in the rigid machine housing. In their operation, the shafts rotate and hence they are subjected to Torsion and Bending moments. Hence, it is critical for us to choose the best material and the surface treatment process to provide optimum performance for the shaft. The primary aspects to keep into consideration while choosing a material pertaining to surface selection are Wear Resistance and Corrosion resistance. It has been shown how the selection of shaft material affects these two factors. The shafts of 3 types of materials have been discussed in the paper, a homogeneous one, a composite material, and FGM. The best material considered is FGM for the optimum operation of the automotive engine shaft.
Caratteristiche e implicazioni di una glottodidattica mobile. Un possibile quadro teorico-metodologico di riferimento
Authors: Peppoloni Diana 
Published: December 2021

Il presente contributo intende fornire una riflessione sulle potenzialità dell’utilizzo del Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) nella didattica delle lingue a distanza. Il MALL integra l’uso dei dispositivi mobili nel processo di insegnamento linguistico (Bezircilioğlu, 2016), costituendo una modalità motivante per gli studenti, che utilizzano strumenti familiari per elaborare nuova conoscenza. In base al principio dell’anytime, anywhere (Kukulska-Hulme & Shield, 2008), gli apprendenti possono rapportarsi con il docente e i propri pari da luoghi diversi e consultare i materiali anche in modalità asincrona (Chuang, 2016). A partire dalla definizione di MALL, ci si è chiesti quali siano i benefici e i limiti di tale approccio, nonché le sue implicazioni glottodidattiche. Le risposte a tali interrogativi si inseriscono in un quadro teorico-metodologico dedicato allo sviluppo di una glottodidattica mobile standardizzata, in cui vengono forniti anche esempi di attività utili in un corso di lingua a distanza.
On the legal regulation of economic and commercial activities in Ukraine
Authors: Krupa L. V. 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of regulatory and legal regulation of trade activities in Ukraine. The problems of the place in the economic legislation of trade, its signs, system and tendencies of formation are considered. The conditionally general and special legislation regulating trade activity is allocated. There is a certain direction in the systematization of legal regulation depending on the object of regulation, namely the organization of the market and commodity affiliation. The analysis of the basic regulations in the field of trade is carried out.
Formulation of the problem. One of the factors that influenced the scientific interest was modern sociological research. Among them, it is widely believed that the global economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 virus has brought trade to the forefront of the national economy on the basis of growth in development. Thus, the Razumkov Center’s Annual Survey states: “According to the results of 2019, the share of manufacturing in the structure of GDP by production method was 10.8 %, wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles – 13.2 %, then according to the results of three quarters of 2020. the corresponding figures were 10.2 % and 14 %. That is, the characteristic of the Ukrainian economy is increasingly not the creation of new modern products, but the repair and resale of obsolete products. In addition, recently there has been systemic uncertainty regarding the management and organization of economic activity by central government, which, accordingly, does not contribute to overcoming the crisis.
Analysis of recent research and publications. In the domestic science of economic law there are no modern studies of trade regulation as a kind of economic. Among the scientists who have conducted research in this area in the past can be distinguished G.F. Shershenevich, Ye.O. Krasheninnikov, D.V. Zerkalov, A.A. Popov. In the modern literature, some attention was paid to the legal regulation of trade L. Mikhnevych, N.V. Shigarova, K.I. Krolevetsky. Recognizing the contribution of these researchers, it should be noted that science does not meet the high demand for the formation of legislative policy to regulate trade relations, the creation of a single state ideology in the areas of legal regulation of trade and as a result - high business demand for legislation