bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of Mefenamic Acid Alone and Combination with Fennel (Foenicullum Vulgare) on Primary Dysmenorrhoea
Authors: Nesa Kamrun , Iqbal Md Jalaluddin , Halim Kazi Shafiqul , Jahan Israt 
Published: January 2021

Primary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps of uterus led to considered gynecological complaint. Menstrual discomfort was reported in half to four-fifth of females and one-fourth reported sever dysmenorrhea. Newer combination of herbal products like Fennel and Mefenamic acid becoming popular and replacing conventional NSAIDs/ OCPs therapy for their major adverse effect. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Mefenamic acid alone and combination with Fennel (Foenicullum Vulgare) on primary dysmenorrhoea. This interventional study was conducted among randomly selected 100 female workers with age range 18-25 years of two Garments Factories at Demra, Dhaka during July 2014 to June with the complaints of moderate to severe pain intensity and bleeding of primary dysmenorrhea. There were two group, group A (50 women) were treated with Cap Mefenamic Acid 250 mg once daily and group B (50) were with Cap Mefenamic Acid 250 mg once daily and fennel supplementation 10 ml three times daily. The mean age of respondents was 21.60 ± 2.59 and menarche age was 13.92±1.15 year. Mean duration of the menstrual cycle and cycle length were 6.24±1.66 and 27.36±3.63 days respectively. Mean onset age of Dysmenorrhea 16.16±1.81 year and intensity of dysmenorrhea (VAS-Visual Analogue Scale) 6.5±1.6. Group A had no any special experience on pain relief sensation by taking Mefenamic Acid alone, whereas Group B gathered better experience after administration of Cap Mefenamic Acid with fennel supplementation. Moreover, according to result of the analysis, comparison with bleeding tendency was also not shown the significant difference. One more important thing is that these two group faced some adverse effect of those medication such as group A had no complaints of allergic reaction, visual and neurologic disturbance where 2% had gastro-intestinal upset and 2% had respiratory distress in Group A; on the other hand, 2% had allergic reaction, 2% had visual symptom and respiratory distress had 4% cases in Group B. Mefenamic acid with fennel can decrease the severity of dysmenorrhea. However, any intervention might be found out to treat dysmenorrhea with less adverse effects is highly desired.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 38-43
Helminthic Infestation of Grass Root Level Students in a Selected Madrasha of Bangladesh
Authors: Habib Rahat Bin , Kabir ARM Luthful , Rouf Md Abdur , Ullah Md Sk Shahid , Hossain Md Nazmul , Rahman Md Anisur , Boyan Rushdul Karim , Hye Md Abdul , Khan Md Kamrul Ahsan , Roy Sudipta , Haque Mohammad Rezaul , Jamil Joheb Imtiaz 
Published: January 2021

In Bangladesh, 4 million students study in 64000 madrasha, which represent 7% of all students, most of these are unregistered. There is little evaluation of helminthic infestation by any authority. It is believed that madrasha students came from vulnerable part of society. : Present Sheikh Hasian government declared on equivalency of their certificate therefore it is important to study on them and evaluate their helminthic infestation. May be this is one of the first study on helminthic infestation on grass root level madrasha students in Bangladesh. We conducted the study to evaluate on helminthiasis to find out current situations, to identify the risk factors and for intervention to control of helminthic infestation. This cross sectional study was conducted on 164 from 1000 residential students by simple random sampling. Face to face interview and anthropometric measurement were conducted by semistructured open ended questionnaire from those students. Out of hundred-sixty four students all were male, age range from 06-18 years, ova found 75% students in their stool sample, 71% have multiple helminthasis, Ascaris Lumbricoids (AL) was the most (28%) prevalence, in polyparasitism 58% were Ascaris Lumbricoids and Trichuris Trichuria (AL+TT), anal itching found 68% students which indicate pin worm, no antihelminthic intake 76% students within 6 months. Teachers and parent’s health education help to prevent helminthasis. Regular survey, evaluation is needed to identify the risk factors of helminthasis for intervention, monitoring, guidance and training of students and teachers to improve their personal hygiene practice. Moreover need to intake of regular antihelminthic for dewarming to build a healthy green Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 44-47
Study of Fish Diversity and Livelihood Status of Fishermen in Karatoya River, Panchagarh Region
Authors: Joadder Md. Abdur Razzaq , Roy Sushen , Khanom Dil Afroza , Jahan Syeda Nusrat , Sarker Md Al-Amin 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the fish diversity and socio-economic profiles of the fishermen of Karatoya River in Panchagarh district in the Northern part of Bangladesh.
Methodology: Pertinent information was collected from forty randomly selected fishermen from the study area who were directly involved in fishing in the rivers during the period of twelve months from July 2017 to June 2018. The data interpretations showed that 50 fish species under 8 orders and 17 families were recorded from the Karatoya River during the study period. Cypriniformes was found as the most dominant order constituting 48% of the total fish populationfollowed by Channiformes (6%), Sliuriformes(18%), Clupiformes (6%), Mastacembeliformes (6%), Perciformes (12%), Beloniformes (2%), Tenaodontifomres (2%). Fishes in this river are seriously affected by the various kinds of natural and manmade causes. Under this circumstance, a better understanding of the diversity and distribution of fishes in the Karatoya River is urgently needed.
Result: In the study area the fishermen age range from 16 to 65 years. It was found that most of the fishermen (35%) illiterate though a small proportion completed primary level of education. 75% percent of the fishermen used their own tube-well, while 20% and 5% used government and neighbors’ tube-well, respectively. In the study area, 55% of the fishermen were far from power plants and the rest of them had (45%) access to electricity. Majority (45%) of the fishermen was 1-10 decimal land, while 17.5% had 11-20 decimal lands and 15% had above 40 decimal lands and significant proportion of fishermen depend upon village doctors (62.5%) for their health facilities. Forty five percent of fishermen were engaged in fishing as their main occupation, 40% in agriculture and 15% in daily labor.
Conclusion: Fishermen of Karatoya River were mostly illiterate, poor income, lack of training exposure and lack of awareness about their health facilities and sanitation.
Journal of Science Foundation 2019;17(2):54-57
Educação tecnológica e em valores na perspectiva de Viktor Frankl
Authors: Silva Flávio Luiz Honorato da , Assis Maria Denise de , Honorato Maria Clara  Muniz , Pontes Alisson de Meneses 
Published: January 2021

A Logoterapia e Análise Existencial é impactante na humanização da educação, pressuposto teórico do neuropsiquiatra Viktor Emil Frankl. A Logoterapia e Análise Existencial proposta teórico por Viktor Emil Frankl é impactante na humanização da educação, que pode ser mudada em ações para um estilo de vida na prática universitária de ensino, pesquisa e extensão que seja um modo de priorizar o ser sobre o ter (tecnológico, saber, as coisas), ser com os outros, ter empatia com o outro. A finalidade do artigo é utilizar os pressupostos teóricos da Logoterapia, apresentando caminhos que possam aprimorar a relação educador-educando que pode crescer no diálogo e mais engajamento na busca de humanização das relações dentro das instituições universitárias. O estudo de caso aqui apresentado é da área de tecnologia (engenharia, arquitetura, tecnologias), buscando modos de minimizar o vazio existencial de nossos alunos que tem como consequência aumento dos fenômenos de agressividade, criminalidade, dependência de drogas, depressão e chegando no limite do suicídio, que vem aumentando muito nos últimos anos.
Os benefícios da intervenção fonoaudiológica em bebês com sindrome de down: revisão sistemática
Authors: Cruz Bruno Wenderson da , Sousa Claúdia Catão de Aguiar , Farias Ruth Raquel Soares de 
Published: January 2021

A Síndrome de Down decorre da presença de 3 cromossomos 21, ocorrendo no momento da concepção de um bebê o qual ao invés de possuir 46, possuirão 47 cromossomos nas suas células, apresentando alterações motoras, na linguagem e cognitivas. Mesmo com essas alterações as crianças com Síndrome de Down não podem ser tratados como pessoas enfermas, mas como uma condição humana. O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa consiste em analisar quais os benefícios da intervenção fonoaudiologica em bebês com Síndrome de Down. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em uma revisão sistemática. As bases de dados consultadas foram BIREME, LILACS, PubMed e SciELO, incluindo estudos publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2020. Os descritores utilizados foram: Síndrome de Down, Fonoaudiologia, Estimulação precoce. Após a busca, foram selecionados cinco artigos para análise. Como resultado, todos os estudos revisados foram afirmativos da importância da estimulação precoce para o desenvolvimento, não apenas motor como também global da criança com Síndrome de Down. Assim, conclui-se que estimulação fonoaudiológica nos primeiros meses de vida é capaz de favorecer o desenvolvimento da linguagem receptiva e expressiva, do sistema sensório motor oral, das funções estomatognáticas e dos aspectos do desenvolvimento cognitivo, proporcionando uma maior independência.
CCMAlnc Promotes the Malignance of Colorectal Cancer by Modulating the Interaction Between miR-5001-5p and Its Target mRNA
Authors: Yan Yuqing , Xuan Baoqin , Gao Ziyun , Shen Chaoqin , Cao Yingying , Hong Jie , Chen Haoyan , Cui Zhe , Ye Guangyao , Fang Jing-Yuan , Wang Zhenhua 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) is highly malignant and cancer metastasis remains the predominant cause of CRC death. The potential molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) in CRC malignance is still poorly elucidated.MethodsCCMAlnc expression was analyzed by using the Sequence ReadArchive (SRA) database. Target gene expression was examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The biological function of CCMAlnc and miR-5001-5p was detected by cell invasion, CCK8 proliferation, and colony formation assays in loss of function and gain of function experiments in vitro. A luciferase assay was performed to validate the target site of miR-5001-5p on the 3′-UTR of HES6 mRNA.ResultsCCMAlnc was identified as a novel functional lncRNA in CRC. Elevated CCMAlnc was detected in CRC cells as well as in clinical CRC tissue samples, and the expression of this lncRNA positively correlated with the poor prognosis of CRC patients. Functional validation assays revealed that downregulation of CCMAlnc impaired CRC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, but upregulation of CCMAlnc reversed this effect. Moreover, CCMAlnc was validated to act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that stabilizes the expression of HES6 by downregulating miR-5001-5p.ConclusionCCMAlnc/miR-5001-5p/HES6 signaling is strongly activated to promote CRC malignance. CCMAlnc is defined as a potential candidate biomarker for metastasis prediction in CRC patients and as a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
Lung Cancer Cells-Controlled Dkk-1 Production in Brain Metastatic Cascade Drive Microglia to Acquire a Pro-tumorigenic Phenotype
Authors: Gan Dong-Xue , Wang Yi-Bei , He Ming-Yang , Chen Zi-Yang , Qin Xiao-Xue , Miao Zi-Wei , Chen Yu-Hua , Li Bo 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesOrganotropism is primarily determined by tumor-derived exosomes. To date, the role of lung cancer cells-derived exosomes underlying the pre-metastatic niche formation is unclear.Materials and MethodsThe animal models of retro-orbital and intra-ventricular injection were constructed to administrate lung cancer cells-derived exosomes. Cytokine array was used to screen the cytokines released from brain endothelium after internalization of lung cancer cells-derived exosomes. The cellular co-culture system was established to mimic microglia-vascular niche contained lung cancer cells-derived exosomes. The levels of Dkk-1 and the activities of microglia were analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. In vivo selections of highly brain metastatic cells were performed to analyze the direct interaction of lung cancer cells with microglia.ResultsAnimal studies demonstrated that there was a suppressive signal transferred from brain endothelium to microglia after internalization of lung cancer cells-derived exosomes into brain endothelium, which caused an absolutely less M1 phenotypic microglia and a relatively more M2 phenotypic microglia. Further results indicated that lung cancer cells-derived exosomes induced a release of endogenous Dkk-1 from brain endothelium, which rendered microglia to acquire a pro-tumorigenic feature in pre-metastatic niche. Subsequently, the declines of Dkk-1 in metastatic lung cancer cells removed the suppression on microglia and enhanced microglial activation in metastatic niche.ConclusionOur findings shed a new light on the synergistic reaction of the different cells in “neurovascular units” toward the metastatic messages from lung cancer cells and provided a potential therapeutic pathway for lung cancer metastasis to brain.
miR-7-5p Affects Brain Edema After Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Its Possible Mechanism
Authors: Chen Xiqian , Deng Shuwen , Lei Qiang , He Qiang , Ren Yijun , Zhang Yiliu , Nie Jingjing , Lu Wei 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To explore the relationship between miR-7-5p and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage and the role of butylphthalide (NBP) in brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage.Method: Routine blood testing, C-reactive protein results, and computed tomography data were collected 1, 7, and 14 days after intracerebral hemorrhage in six patients. Levels of MMP-9, ZO-1, occludin, IL-6, TNF-α, and miR-7-5p were detected in each patient's serum. Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation, intracerebral hemorrhage, and NBP treatment groups. Dry–wet weight was used to assess brain edema, and Evans blue staining was used to assess the permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, ZO-1 and occludin, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, AQP4, and miR-7-5p were analyzed in the rat brains.Result: The blood neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on day 1 was associated with the area of brain edema on day 7. The expression of miR-7-5p decreased after intracerebral hemorrhage, and as a result, the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway was weakened. The decreased inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway resulted in an increase in AQP4 expression, which further aggravated brain edema. NBP can upregulate the expression of miR-7-5p, affecting these pathways to reduce brain edema.Conclusion: After intracerebral hemorrhage, miR-7-5p expression in brain tissue is reduced, which may increase the expression of AQP4 by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. NBP can inhibit this process and reduce brain edema.
Volcanic Hazard Assessment for an Eruption Hiatus, or Post-eruption Unrest Context: Modeling Continued Dome Collapse Hazards for Soufrière Hills Volcano
Authors: Spiller Elaine T. , Wolpert Robert L. , Ogburn Sarah E. , Calder Eliza S. , Berger James O. , Patra Abani K. , Pitman E. Bruce 
Published: January 2021

Effective volcanic hazard management in regions where populations live in close proximity to persistent volcanic activity involves understanding the dynamic nature of hazards, and associated risk. Emphasis until now has been placed on identification and forecasting of the escalation phase of activity, in order to provide adequate warning of what might be to come. However, understanding eruption hiatus and post-eruption unrest hazards, or how to quantify residual hazard after the end of an eruption, is also important and often key to timely post-eruption recovery. Unfortunately, in many cases when the level of activity lessens, the hazards, although reduced, do not necessarily cease altogether. This is due to both the imprecise nature of determination of the “end” of an eruptive phase as well as to the possibility that post-eruption hazardous processes may continue to occur. An example of the latter is continued dome collapse hazard from lava domes which have ceased to grow, or sector collapse of parts of volcanic edifices, including lava dome complexes. We present a new probabilistic model for forecasting pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) from lava dome collapse that takes into account the heavy-tailed distribution of the lengths of eruptive phases, the periods of quiescence, and the forecast window of interest. In the hazard analysis, we also consider probabilistic scenario models describing the flow’s volume and initial direction. Further, with the use of statistical emulators, we combine these models with physics-based simulations of PDCs at Soufrière Hills Volcano to produce a series of probabilistic hazard maps for flow inundation over 5, 10, and 20 year periods. The development and application of this assessment approach is the first of its kind for the quantification of periods of diminished volcanic activity. As such, it offers evidence-based guidance for dome collapse hazards that can be used to inform decision-making around provisions of access and reoccupation in areas around volcanoes that are becoming less active over time.
Post-Caldera Eruptions at Chalupas Caldera, Ecuador: Determining the Timing of Lava Dome Collapse, Hummock Emplacement and Dome Rejuvenation
Authors: Córdova Marco D. , Mothes Patricia Ann , Gaunt H. Elizabeth , Salgado Josué 
Published: January 2021

Determining the lithology, extent, origin, and age of hummocks can be challenging, especially if these are covered by successive deposits and lush vegetation. At Chalupas caldera, a late-Pleistocene silicic center that lies astride the Eastern Cordillera of northern Ecuador, we have tried to overcome these difficulties by combining geological observations and sampling, laboratory analysis (geochemistry, scanning electron microscope analysis and radiometric dating) and remote sensing techniques. Chalupas is the second largest caldera in the Northern Volcanic Zone of South America and its VEI 7 eruption, which occurred ∼0.21 Ma, has garnered the attention of the volcanological community. Our research highlights new observations of the post-caldera activity at Chalupas, beginning with the growth of Quilindaña stratovolcano (∼0.170 Ma), followed by the formation of Buenavista dome that is located 5 km eastward of Quilindaña’s summit. At the eastern foot of Buenavista dome we identify hummocky terrain covering an area of ∼20 km2. Collectively, the suite of techniques that we used helped to highlight geological features that shed light on the provenance of the hummocks and demonstrate that this topography may have originated from gravitational breccia flows from Buenavista lava dome. Numerical simulations were also performed to represent breccia flow transit and emplacement over the present caldera landscape and to view the potential hazard footprints of a future Buenavista dome collapse. For modeling we employed volumes of 20–120 Mm3 to visualize the consecutive traces of mass flow deposition and how the traces correspond to the hummocky landscape. Following the partial collapse of Buenavista lava dome, its rejuvenation is represented by tephra layers of several small eruptions that are dated at about 40 ky BP. These tephras represent some of the youngest eruptive activity recognized at Chalupas caldera. Our results contribute to the overall knowledge about Chalupas and demonstrate that eruptions at this important caldera are more recent than was previously reported.
Pathways for Methane Emissions and Oxidation that Influence the Net Carbon Balance of a Subtropical Cypress Swamp
Authors: Ward Nicholas D. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Martin Jonathan B. , Quintero Carlos J. , Sawakuchi Henrique O. , Cohen Matthew J. 
Published: January 2021

We evaluated the major pathways for methane emissions from wetlands to the atmosphere at four wetland sites in the Big Cypress National Preserve in southwest Florida. Methane oxidation was estimated based on the δ13C-CH4of surface water, porewater, and bubbles to evaluate mechanisms that limit surface water emissions. Spatially-scaled methane fluxes were then compared to organic carbon burial rates. The pathway with the lowest methane flux rate was diffusion from surface waters (3.50 ± 0.22 mmol m−2 d−1). Microbial activity in the surface water environment and/or shallow oxic sediment layer oxidized 26 ± 3% of the methane delivered from anerobic sediments to the surface waters. The highest rates of diffusion were observed at the site with the lowest extent of oxidation. Ebullition flux rates were 2.2 times greater than diffusion and more variable (7.79 ± 1.37 mmol m−2 d−1). Methane fluxes from non-inundated soils were 1.6 times greater (18.4 ± 5.14 mmol m−2 d−1) than combined surface water fluxes. Methane flux rates from cypress knees (emergent cypress tree root structures) were 3.7 and 2.3 times higher (42.0 ± 6.33 mmol m−2 d−1) than from surface water and soils, respectively. Cypress knee flux rates were highest at the wetland site with the highest porewater methane partial pressure, suggesting that the emergent root structures allow methane produced in anaerobic sediment layers to bypass oxidation in aerobic surface waters or shallow sediments. Scaled across the four wetlands, emissions from surface water diffusion, ebullition, non-inundated soils, and knees contributed to 14 ± 2%, 25 ± 6%, 34 ± 10%, and 26 ± 5% of total methane emissions, respectively. When considering only the three wetlands with cypress knees present, knee emissions contributed to 39 ± 5% of the total scaled methane emissions. Finally, the molar ratio of CH4emissions to OC burial ranged from 0.03 to 0.14 in the wetland centers indicating that all four wetland sites are net sources of atmospheric warming potential on 20–100 yr timescales, but net sinks over longer time scales (500 yr) with the exception of one wetland site that was a net source even over 500 yr time scales.