bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lorentz-invariant system with quantum mechanical properties
Authors: Pérez Francisco de Luis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work we study potential fluids, within which eddies exist which have quantum mechanical properties because according to Helmholtz they are made up of an integer number of lines and their displacement in a potential medium is a function of a frequency. However, this system is Lorentz-invariant since Maxwell’s equations can be obtained from it, and this is what we demonstrate here. The considered hypothesis is that the electric charge arises naturally as the intensity of the eddy in the potential fluid, that is, the circulation of the velocity vector of the elements that constitute it, along that potential (it is not another parameter, whose experimental value must be added, as proposed by the standard model of elementary particles). Hence, the electric field appears as the rotational of the velocity field, at each point of the potential medium, and the magnetic field appears as the variation with respect to the velocity field of the potential medium, which is equivalent to the Biot and Savart law. From these considerations, Maxwell’s equations are reached, in particular his second equation which is the non-existence of magnetic monopoles, and the fourth equation which is Ampere’s law, both of which to date are obtained empirically demonstrated theoretically. The electromagnetic field propagation equation is also arrived at, thus this can be considered a demonstration that a potential medium in which eddies exist constitutes a Lorentz-invariant with quantum mechanical properties.
Assessment of NBSs effectiveness for flood risk management: The Isar River case study
Authors: Pugliese Francesco , Caroppi Gerardo , Zingraff-Hamed Aude , Lupp Gerd , Gerundo Carlo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NBSs) are increasingly implemented to mitigate natural risks in urban and rural contexts, from coastal to mountainous areas. Nevertheless, the lack of quantitative approaches to assess NBSs’ effectiveness limits their technical, social and cultural acceptance. Within the PHUSICOS project (EU H2020 Innovation Action; Grant Agreement nr. 776681) a comprehensive assessment framework tool (AFT) has been developed to fill this gap. This paper presents an ex-post analysis with the PHUSICOS AFT applied to the Isar River case study. The restoration of the urban reach of the Isar River, in the city of Munich, was implemented in the early 2000s and represents a successful example of ecosystem and user-friendly flood risk management plan. The performance of the NBS measures implemented to manage the flood risk and improve the ecological status of the river (NBS scenario) is assessed in comparison with an alternative scenario with traditional hard engineering measures (grey scenario, GS). Results underscore the NBS as a competitive alternative. The ex-post analysis shows the potential of the PHUSICOS AFT for NBS performance assessment, providing guidance on indicator selection, stakeholders’ management and performance assessment. The application discussed here is expected to aid professionals and researchers involved in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NBSs.
Identifying the runoff variation in the Naryn River Basin under multiple climate and land-use change scenarios
Authors: Wu J. S. , Li Y. P. , Sun J. , Gao P. P. , Huang G. H. , Liu J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A multiple scenario-based ensemble prediction (MSEP) method is developed for exploring the impacts of climate and land-use changes on runoff in the Naryn River Basin. MSEP incorporates multiple global climate models, Cellular Automata–Markov and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) within a general framework. MSEP can simultaneously analyze the effects of climate and land-use changes on runoff, as well as providing multiple climate and land-use scenarios to reflect the associated uncertainties in runoff simulation and prediction. A total of 96 scenarios are considered to analyze the trend and range of future runoff. Ensemble prediction results reveal that (i) climate change plays a leading role in runoff variation; (ii) compared to the baseline values, peak flow would increase 36.6% and low flow would reduce 36.8% by the 2080s, which would result in flooding and drought risks in the future and (iii) every additional hectare of arable land would increase the water deficit by an average of 10.9 × 103 m3, implying that the arable land should be carefully expanded in the future. Results suggest that, to mitigate the impact of climate change, the rational control of arable land and the active promotion of irrigation efficiency are beneficial for water resources management and ecological environmental recovery.
Economic size and water use efficiency: an empirical analysis of trends across China
Authors: Guo Lishuo , Li Xing , Wang Lifang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWater shortage is a global risk that could arguably be mitigated using water more efficiently. However, the profound relationship between water use efficiency and regional economic size has not been empirically tested. The research design employed an exploratory empirical analysis done through non-linear curve function and attempted to analyze the evolution of water use efficiency over economic growth. First, the water use efficiency change was decomposed into pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change, and technological advance change. Second, the scale efficiency is generally less than 1, revealing that it is the main reason for the decreased water use efficiency by the empirical analysis of trends across China. Third, the fitting function between water use efficiency and economic development was constructed. The results supported the existence of an inverted-S shape between water use efficiency and regional economic growth. This analysis will be the reference to formulate scenarios for economic and demographic growth coupled with water use, particularly for planning and managing future water provision and demand.
Numerical simulation of the effects of sandy water on regulator labyrinth channel in micro-sprinkler systems
Authors: Hua Lin , Li Hong , Chen Chao , Jiang Yue , Zhang Zhonghua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effects of sandy water on the W-shaped labyrinth channel of micro-sprinkler irrigation systems with large flowrate were investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Using ANSYS FLUENT software and different inflow conditions (e.g., pressure, velocity, sediment concentration, and sand particle diameter), internal turbulent multiphase flow and sand deposition were simulated by the Eulerian multiphase flow model. Particle erosion in the labyrinth channel was calculated by the Discrete Phase Model (DPM). The results show that vortex movements and shear actions at the boundary layer cause self-flushing in the channel. The location of sand particle deposits and the turbulent dissipation rate are related to the operating pressure, which is optimal at 300 kPa. The erosion rate of the channel wall is proportional to the inflow sediment concentration but has no obvious relationship with inflow velocity. Based on the movement regulation of sand particles in the labyrinth channel, recommendations on filtration requirements and operating pressure of irrigation systems are proposed.
Gene Therapy for Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges in Resolving Long-term Consequences of Brain Damage
Authors: Dhote Vipin V. , Samundre Prem , Upaganlawar Aman B. , Ganeshpurkar Aditya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
The gene therapy is alluring not only for CNS disorders but also for other pathological
conditions. Gene therapy employs the insertion of a healthy gene into the identified genome to replace
or replenish genes responsible for pathological disorder or damage due to trauma. The last decade
has seen a drastic change in the understanding of vital aspects of gene therapy. Despite the
complexity of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the advent of gene therapy in various neurodegenerative
disorders has reinforced the ongoing efforts of alleviating TBI-related outcomes with gene therapy.
The review highlights the genes modulated in response to TBI and evaluates their impact on
the severity and duration of the injury. We have reviewed strategies that pinpointed the most relevant
gene targets to restrict debilitating events of brain trauma and utilize vector of choice to deliver
the gene of interest at the appropriate site. We have made an attempt to summarize the long-term
neurobehavioral consequences of TBI due to numerous pathometabolic perturbations associated
with a plethora of genes. Herein, we shed light on the basic pathological mechanisms of brain injury,
genetic polymorphism in individuals susceptible to severe outcomes, modulation of gene expression
due to TBI, and identification of genes for their possible use in gene therapy. The review
also provides insights on the use of vectors and challenges in translations of this gene therapy to
clinical practices.
Autophagy-related Prognostic Signature in HER2 Positive Gastric
Carcinomas
Authors: Ieni Antonio , Pizzimenti Cristina , Giuffrè Giuseppe , Caruso Rosario Alberto , Tuccari Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The immunohistochemical analysis of autophagy-related
proteins (ATGs) has been recently applied in human pathology to study differentiation
and cancer progression. The aim of the present study is to analyze a cohort of gastric
carcinomas (GC) by five ATG antisera (Beclin-1, LC3A/B, p62, ULK-1 and AMBRA-1),
also evaluating their possible relationship with clinicopathological parameters, HER2
status and final outcome of patients.

Methods:
A cohort of 123 GCs has been studied by ATG antisera utilizing Masuda's
criteria that define positive cases in which at least two out of five protein expressions
were documented.

Results:
The immunohistochemical signature for autophagy (A-IHC) was 49.59% as a
whole. The percentage of A-IHC ranged from 31% for poorly cohesive carcinomas to
56% for adenocarcinomas. The performance of each ATG immunomarker documented
high values for sensitivity, specificity and efficiency for LC3A/B, Beclin-1 and p62. In
univariate analysis of GC, grade, stage, Ki67 expression, HER2 status as well as A-IHC
appeared as emerged as relevant parameters with a high p-value (p < 0.001). Finally, in
multivariate analysis, HER2 status, stage and A-IHC emerged as independent
prognostic variables. In the comparison of survival curves, GC cases immunoreactive for
A-IHC exhibited a shorter survival with a worse outcome.

Conclusions:
We have hypothesized that A-IHC could represent an additional
morphological tool to provide prognostic elements in order to identify patients affected by
aggressive with shorter survival and worse outcome.
Simultaneously Determining Seven Second-Line Anti-TB Drugs by UHPLC-
MS: Application for TDM in HIV-TB Patients
Authors: Yin Lin , Xing Yaru , Le Xiaoqin , Chen Jun , Zhang Lin , Jia Xiaofang , Sun Tao , Li Yingying , Lu Hongzhou , Zhang Lijun 
Published: November 2021

Background:
To optimize therapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis
(HIV-TB) coinfection, we developed an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/-
tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method to monitor seven second-line anti-tuberculosis
drugs.

Methods:
Blood samples (n = 70) were collected from 35 patients with HIV-TB coinfection; the
plasma sample was protein-precipitated and diluted with a solution containing heptafluorobutyric
acid. The plasma concentrations of rifabutin (RBT), clofazimine (CLO), moxifloxacin (MFX), prothionamide
(PTH), levofloxacin (LFX), amikacin (AMK), and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
were detected by UHPLC-MS/MS method.

Results:
In these 70 samples, the mean concentrations of RBT, CLO, MFX, PTH, LFX, and AMK
were 173.8 (10.0–550.0), 61.1 (54.4–67.7), 646.6 (25.0–2480.0), 120.5 (50.0–597.0), 1565.9
(100.0–3480.0), and 10753.0 (400.0–76 700.0) μg/L, respectively. Only one sample was detected
to have PAS with a concentration less than the lower limit of quantification. Most of the drug concentrations
detected in these patients were lower than the targeted concentrations in TB patients.

Conclusion:
We created a simple UHPLC-MS method for simultaneously quantifying anti-TB
drugs. The plasma concentrations in HIV-TB co-infected patients were lower than the targeted concentrations.
It is important to monitor anti-TB drugs in the future. This method will facilitate the
monitoring of anti-TB drugs in the future.
Clinical Pharmacists’ Contribution to Medication Reconciliation in Outpatient
Specialty Clinics in Iran
Authors: Ahmadimoghaddam Davoud , Mehrpooya Maryam , Khorami Mohammad-Reza , Mohammadi Mojdeh , Mohammadi Younes 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The majority of research in medication reconciliation has focused on the
inpatient settings, and little is known about the outpatient settings, particularly in developing countries.
As such, we conducted this study to evaluate direct clinical pharmacist involvement in medication
reconciliation in outpatient specialty clinics in Iran.

Methods:
This prospective interventional study was conducted from September 2019 to February
2020 in a University-affiliated clinic in Iran. For 196 patients over 18 years of age who were scheduled
for an appointment with a physician, medication reconciliation intervention was carried out by
a clinical pharmacist. The number and type of unintentional discrepancies, their potential harm to
the patients, their correlation with the patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, and the
number of accepted recommendations upon the unintentional discrepancies by the clinicians were
assessed and recorded. Additionally, patients' understanding of any change made to their current
medication regimen was also assessed.

Results:
In total, 57.14% of patients had at least one or more unintentional medication discrepancies,
with an overall rate of 1.51 (±0.62) per patient. This is while the patient understanding of their
medication changes was inadequate in a significant proportion of the study patients (62.2%). Patients
with older ages, lower educational levels, and a higher number of medications and comorbidities
were at a higher risk of having unintentional discrepancies. The most common type of unintentional
discrepancy was the omission of a drug, and almost half of the reconciliation errors might
have had the potential to cause moderate or severe harm to the patient. From 145 recommendations
suggested by the clinical pharmacist upon unintentional discrepancies, 131 cases (90.34%) were accepted
and implemented by the clinicians.

Conclusion:
These findings further support the need for conducting medication reconciliation in
outpatient settings to identify discrepancies and enhance the safety of patient medication use.
Applications of Genome Editing Tools in Stem Cells Towards Regenerative Medicine: An Update
Authors: Kues Wilfried A. , Kumar Dharmendra , Selokar Naresh L. , Talluri Thirumala Rao 
Published: November 2021

:Precise and site-specific genome editing through application of emerging and modern gene engineering techniques, namely zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/ Cas9) have swiftly progressed the application and use of the stem cell technology in the sphere of in-vitro disease modelling and regenerative medicine. Genome editing tools facilitate the manipulation of genes in various types of cells with target-specific nucleases. These tools aid in elucidating the genetics and etiology behind different diseases and have immense promise as novel therapeutics for correcting the genetic mutations, making alterations, and curing diseases permanently, which are not responding and resistant to traditional therapies. These genome engineering tools have evolved in the field of biomedical research and have also been shown to have a significant improvement in clinical trials. However, their widespread use in the research revealed potential safety issues, which need to be addressed before implementing such techniques for clinical purposes. Significant and valiant attempts need to be made in order to surpass those hurdles. The current review outlines the advancements of several genome engineering tools and describes suitable strategies for their application towards regenerative medicine.
AthEDL: Identifying Enhancers in Arabidopsis thaliana Using an
Attention-based Deep Learning Method
Authors: Chen Yiqiong , Gao Yujia , Zhou Hejie , Zuo Yanming , Zhang Youhua , Yue Zhenyu 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Enhancers are key cis-function elements of DNA structure that are crucial in
gene regulation and the function of a promoter in eukaryotic cells. Availability of accurate identification
of the enhancers would facilitate the understanding of DNA functions and their physiological roles.
Previous studies have revealed the effectiveness of computational methods for identifying enhancers in
other organisms. To date, a huge number of enhancers remain unknown, especially in the field of plant
species.

Objective:
In this study, the aim is to build an efficient attention-based neural network model for the
identification of Arabidopsis thaliana enhancers.

Method:
A sequence-based model using convolutional and recurrent neural networks was proposed for
the identification of enhancers. The input DNA sequences are represented as feature vectors by 4-mer.
A neural network model consists of CNN and Bi-RNN as sequence feature extractors, and the attention
mechanism is suggested to improve the prediction performance.

Results:
We implemented an ablation study on validation set to select and evaluate the effectiveness of
our proposed model. Moreover, our model showed remarkable performance on the test set achieving the
Mcc of 0.955, the AUPRC of 0.638, and the AUROC of 0.837, which are significantly higher than
state-of-the-art methods, respectively.

Conclusion:
The proposed computational framework aims at solving similar problems in non-coding
genomic regions, thereby providing valuable insights into the prediction about the enhancers of plants.
Dental Curriculum's Continuing Improvement in the North American and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Education Systems
Authors: Afrashtehfar Kelvin I. , Ghanem Henry , Calvo Jose 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Dynamic oral health care needs, alongside a diverse demographic of patients, presents a challenge to dental clinicians as they strive to resolve the ever-increasing demand for quality oral care service. Claims have arisen that the most appropriate way of speeding up the slow change in adopting innovations within the dental practice is by updating dentists' knowledge and skills through improving the undergraduate students' curriculum.

Objective:
This review compares the dental curriculum's continuing improvement processes between the North American and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.

Methods:
The process of analysis consisted of identifying, examining, and interpreting patterns and themes within textual data, and then determining how each of these help answer the research questions.

Results:
Efforts to implement the dental curriculum's continuous improvement processes in the North American and GCC countries are evident, but the significant barriers for the dental curriculum's continuing improvement among the North American countries include the consequences of a compressed four-year curriculum, reliance on professional regulations, insufficient focus on patient perceptions, and the lack of a more theoretically robust approach to self-reflection. Conversely, amongst the GCC countries, the available literature states that the most significant factors hindering the dental curriculum's continuing improvement include deficient leadership attributes and low research productivity.

Conclusion:
The North American and GCC regions will benefit from the new dental curriculum and result in producing more competent dental practitioners, with improved leadership and patient-centered care. However, it has been observed that the dental curriculum’s continuous improvement processes are adopted slowly, particularly among the GCC countries.
Predictability of Root Movements Using Virtual Root Setup in a Patient With Periodontal Disease Treated With Clear Aligners
Authors: Martina Stefano , Martini Marco , Bordegoni Monica , Razionale Armando Viviano 
Published: November 2021

Aims:
The aim of the study was to show a case with a midline diastema in a patient with high periodontal risks and gingival recessions treated with clear
aligners. The objective was to predict and quantify root movements using a dedicated software that extrapolates data from the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Case Presentation:
A 31-year-old female with a mandibular midline diastema asked for an aesthetic treatment. She had vertical bone loss on the lower central incisors, so a CBCT was necessary in order to plan the root movements. The purpose of the treatment was to avoid an uncontrolled tipping of the incisors and, therefore, a vestibular movement of the roots, which could cause serious periodontal problems.

Conclusion:
At the end of the treatment, the complete closure of the diastema and the radiographic healing of the vertical bone loss between mandibular central incisors were achieved. The superimpositions with the virtual setup demonstrated predictability of root movements of 76%.
Attachment-Retained Unilateral Partial Denture versus Tooth Implant-Supported Prosthesis in Mandibular Distal Extension Cases: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sharaf Mohamed , Eskander Asharaf 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To evaluate patients’ satisfaction, biting force measurement, and radiographic evaluation of abutment teeth of tooth implant-supported fixed partial denture, unilateral attachment, and conventional partial denture in mandibular distal extension cases.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four participants were selected according to the following criteria: participants with unilateral mandibular distal extension with last standing second premolar abutment; participants having abutments with sufficient occluso-gingival height and good periodontal condition. Participants were divided into the following three equal groups: participants of the implant group received fixed tooth implant-supported fixed partial dentures, attachment group participants received unilateral attachment removable partial dentures, and conventional group participants received conventional removable partial dentures. The evaluation included patient satisfaction using “OHIP14” questionnaires, biting force measurement, and radiographic evaluation of terminal abutments using the ANOVA test.

Results:
Participants of the implant group were mainly satisfied with their prosthesis than the attachment group, which is higher than the conventional. Regarding biting force measurement, there is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between all groups, including the implant group and attachment group, as well as between attachment and conventional group (p < 0.05). The conventional group showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) highest mean bone loss, while there was no statistically significant difference between implant and attachment groups; both showed statistically significantly lower mean amounts of bone loss.

Conclusion:
The tooth implant-supported fixed prosthesis could be considered a superior line of treatment for managing distal extension cases. Unilateral attachment, which is considered an excellent alternative in the case of implant placement, is not recommended.