bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioksidan Daun Kumpai Mahung (Eupathorium inulifolium H.B&K)
Authors: Febrianti Dwi Rizki , Niah Rakhmadhan , Ariani Novia 
Published: March 2021

Daun Kumpai Mahung (Eupathorium inulifolium H.B & K) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan endemik Kalimantan Selatan. Secara turun temurun digunakan sebagai obat tradisional Dayak Meratus sebagai obat diare, demam, dan malaria. Tanaman ini dicurigai memiliki nilai antioksidan tinggi karena mengandung metabolit skunder fenolik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol daun E. inulifolium serta nilai IC50-nya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode DPPH dengan instrumen spektofotometri UV-vis dengan panjang gelombang 517 nm. Dari hasil perhitungan dan replikasi nilai IC50 yang didapat sebesar 38,9 ppm. Ekstrak daun E. inulifolium memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dalam meredam radikal bebas. Kata Kunci: Daun, Potensi Antioksidan, Endemik, IC50, Ekstrak Etanol, Fenolik Kumpai Mahung (Eupathorium inulifolium H.B & K) leaves are one of the endemic plants of South Kalimantan. From generation to generation it is used as a traditional medicine for Dayak Meratus as a medicine for diarrhea, fever, and malaria. This plant is suspected of having high antioxidant value because it contains phenolic secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of E. inulifolium leaves and its IC50 value. This study used the DPPH method with spectophotometer UV-vis instrument at wavelength of 517 nm. From the calculation and replication, the IC50 value obtained is 38.9 ppm. E. inulifolium leaf extract has very strong antioxidant activity in reducing free radicals.
Profil Fitokimia Ekstrak Etil Asetat Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda L.) dan Serai (Cymbopogon citratus)
Authors: Priyadi Muhammad , Chusna Nurul , Isnawati Isnawati , Indriani Opi 
Published: March 2021

Senyawa bahan alam yang terdapat pada tanaman memiliki banyak khasiat bagi kesehatan yang telah dibuktikan melalui pengobatan tradisional secara empiris. Identifikasi senyawa kimia sangat penting untuk mengetahui kemungkinan adanya senyawa yang dapat memiliki aktivitas farmakologi. Tanaman yang telah banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat termasuk pengobatan adalah temu kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda L.) dan serai (Cymbopogon citratus). Temu kunci dan serai diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Uji fitokimia pada ekstrak etil asetat temu kunci dan serai dilakukan dengan uji kualitatif pereaksi warna dan pengendapan serta kromatografi lapis tipis untuk melihat gambaran pemisahan senyawa kimia yang terkandung. Ekstrak etil asetat temu kunci dan serai mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, fenol, dan kuinon. Senyawa pada temu kunci dan serai dapat dipisahkan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis dengan fase gerak etil asetat : n-heksan (8:2). Kata Kunci: Fitokimia, Temu Kunci, Serai, Ekstrak Etil Asetat, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Natural compounds found in plants have many health benefits that have been proven through empirically traditional medicine. Identification of chemical compounds is very important to determine the possibility of compounds having pharmacological activity. Plants that have been widely used by the community, including medicinal plants, are Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda L.) and serai or lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). Temu Kunci and lemongrass were extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent. Phytochemical test on ethyl acetate extract of temu Kunci and lemongrass was carried out by qualitative test using color reagent and deposition and thin layer chromatography to see the description of the separation of the chemical compounds contained. Temu Kunci and lemongrass ethyl acetate extracts contain alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and quinones. Compounds in Temu Kunci and lemongrass can be separated using thin layer chromatography with ethyl acetate: n-hexane (8: 2) as mobile phase.
A Study of Posterior Segment Pathology in Cataractous Eyes Using B-scan Ultrasonography
Authors: Shakour Mohammed , Ayad Caroline , Kajoak Samih , Osman Hamid , Rahim E. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Ultrasonography (US) is a valuable diagnostic modality for detecting posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) in patients with cataractous eyes. This imaging modality can better facilitate planning surgery and predicting prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of B-scan US in evaluating posterior segment abnormalities of eyes in cataract patients pre-operatively to limit complications and visual impairment.	Methods and Results: A prospective, cross‑sectional study to assess cataracts by US, as well as to detect posterior segment abnormalities of eyes in cataract patients, was conducted in Sudan at Albasar International Foundation (Makah Eye Complex in Omdurman) between December 2018 and December 2019.	All patients (n=380; 48% males and 52% females; a mean age of 63±12.57 years) with non-visualization of the fundus, regardless of age and gender, were involved and were assumed to have orbital pathologies. Patients with high-risk extrusion of intraocular contents and a previous history of ocular surgery were excluded from the present study. All patients with dense cataracts were evaluated using standard US machines (Echoscan US-4000;	NIDEK CO., LTD.) equipped with a real-time high-frequency probe.	The typical age of the patients complaining of cataracts was between 61 and 70 years, which constituted 35% of cases, followed by age >70 years, which constituted 24.2% of cases. About 47.63% patients had ocular pathology in the posterior segment of the eye (Table 3). The most common PSEDs were vitreous abnormalities (46.2%). Among vitreous abnormalities, most abnormal eyes had vitreous changes (36.1%), followed by VD (3.7%); 1.3% of patients had retinal detachment.	Conclusion: Ocular US should be the first screening modality in the evaluation of posterior segment pathologies in cataractous eyes and should be performed in cataract patients pre-operatively for better surgical planning and predicting post-operative visual prognosis.
Removal of Various Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge Immobilized Onto Rod-type Chitosan Biosorbent
Authors: Seo Ji Hae , Kim Namgyu , Park Munsik , Park Donghee 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The potential use of wastewater sludge as a biosorbent for removing various metals and metalloids from aqueous solutions was examined. The sludge was immobilized by chitosan into rods to enhance the sorption capacity and solid-liquid separation ability. An optimum condition of rod-type chitosan-immobilized sludge (RCS) was selected from possibility of produced biosorbent and the removal efficiency of As(V). The optimal sludge and chitosan content and RCS thickness was 6.0%, 4.0% and 0.2-0.3 mm, respectively. The experiments targeted cations(Cd(II)) and anions(As(V), Cr(VI), and Mn(VII)). Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models adequately described kinetics models and Langmuir and Freundlich models described isotherm models for RCS, which showed higher adsorption ability for anionic metals over cationic metals. The results indicate that electrostatic attraction or ion exchange is the most important mechanism for metal/metalloid adsorption, except in the case of Mn(VII), for which an adsorption-coupled reduction mechanism is suggested.
Tuning the Electrical Resistivity of Conductive Silver Paste Prepared by Blending Multi-Morphologies and Micro-Nanometers Silver Powder
Authors: Xiao Liu , Siyuan Wu , Baishan Chen , Yunzhu Ma , Yufeng Huang , Tang Siwei , Wensheng Liu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As an important interconnection material in electronics, conductive silver paste has attract much research interest in chip packaging and printed circuit board due to its predominant properties like high conductivity and flexible interconnection. In this paper, the silver nanoparticles, the silver sphere particles and flake silver powder are fabricated by various methods. Different proportions of silver powder are selected to prepare micro-silver paste and mn silver paste (fabricated by silver nanoparticles : sphere particles : flake silver powder=1:1:1). Compared to traditional silver paste (containing 80wt% silver), the electrical resistivity of micro-silver paste containing 66.67wt% silver and cured at 200℃ for 45min in air is about (3.31±0.73)×10-5Ω·cm when the ratio of sphere particle to flake silver powder is 1:1, the resistance of silver paste doesn’t also increase dramatically after bending ten times. The addition of nano-silver particles can reduce the resistivity in lower temperature curing. The folding endurance of mn silver paste is comparable to that of micro-silver paste with sphere : flake=1:1.
Light-Filtering Ring and Novel Telescope: Super Eyes for Deep Space
Authors: Zhang Shuquan , Duan Xuqiang , Wang Ye , Luo Dongkun , Sun Zhu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Exploring the universe has been a dream of mankind since ancient times, and observation with a telescope is among the most economical way. However, using current large telescopes is far away from being “economical”, and their observation capabilities are limited. In this regard, this article puts forward a new principle of telescope, designs a sophisticated light combing system-Light-filtering Ring, and conceives a new type of telescope-Light-filtering 10 Telescope. Compared with current telescopes, Light-filtering Telescope has amazing observation ability and smaller size, which makes it naturally suitable for detecting dim cosmic targets in deep space. Once successfully used, it will greatly expand the horizons of astronomical observation and save tens of billions of dollars in the field.
Construction of a Demand and Capacity Model for Intensive Care and Hospital Ward Beds, and Mortality From Covid-19
Authors: Martin Christopher , McDonald Stuart , Bale Steve , Luteijn Michiel , Sarkar Rahul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis paper describes a model for estimating COVID-19 related excess deaths that are a direct consequence of insufficient hospital ward bed and intensive care unit (ICU) capacity. MethodsCompartmental models were used to estimate deaths under different combinations of ICU and ward care required and received in England up to late April 2021. Model parameters were sourced from publicly available government information and organisations collating COVID-19 data. A sub-model was used to estimate the mortality scalars that represent increased mortality due to insufficient ICU or general ward bed capacity. Three illustrative scenarios for admissions numbers, ‘Optimistic’, ‘Middling’ and ‘Pessimistic’, were modelled and compared with the subsequent observations to the 3rd February. ResultsThe key output was the demand and capacity model described. There were no excess deaths from a lack of capacity in the ‘Optimistic’ scenario. Several of the ‘Middling’ scenario applications resulted in excess deaths - up to 597 deaths (0.6% increase) with a 20% reduction compared to best estimate ICU capacity. All the ‘Pessimistic’ scenario applications resulted in excess deaths, ranging from 49,178 (17.0% increase) for a 20% increase in ward bed availability, to 103,735 (35.8% increase) for a 20% shortfall in ward bed availability. These scenarios took no account of the emergence of the new, more transmissible, variant of concern (b.1.1.7).ConclusionsMortality is increased when hospital demand exceeds available capacity. No excess deaths from breaching capacity would be expected under the ‘Optimistic’ scenario. The ‘Middling’ scenario could result in some excess deaths - up to a 0.7% increase relative to the total number of deaths. The ‘Pessimistic’ scenario would have resulted in significant excess deaths. Our sensitivity analysis indicated a range between 49,178 (17% increase) and 103,735 (35.8% increase).Given the new variant, the pessimistic scenario appeared increasingly likely and could have resulted in a substantial increase in the number of COVID-19 deaths. In the event, it would appear that capacity was not breached at any stage at a national level with no excess deaths. it will remain unclear if minor local capacity breaches resulted in any small number of excess deaths.
Museomics and protein-encoding ultraconserved elements illuminate the evolution of life history and phallic morphology of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Buenaventura Eliana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The common name of the Flesh flies (Sarcophagidae) usually relates them with organisms feeding on decomposing organic matter, although the biology of one of the largest radiations among insects also includes predation, coprophagy, and even kleptoparasitism. The question of whether the ancestor of all sarcophagids was a predator or a decomposer, or in association to which host have sarcophagids evolved, has thus always piqued the curiosity of flesh fly specialists. Such curiosity has often been hindered by both the impossibility of having a well-supported phylogeny of Sarcophagidae and its sister group to trace live habits and the scarcity of information on the biology of the group. Using a phylogenomic dataset of ultraconserved elements from nearly all lineages of Sarcophagidae, a robust phylogenetic framework and timescale are generated to understand flesh fly systematics and the evolution of their life histories. Results: The evolutionary history for Sarcophagidae reconstructed here differs considerably from previous hypotheses. Within subfamily Sarcophaginae, a group of predatory flies, including genera Lepidodexia and Boettcheria, emerged as sister-group to the rest of Sarcophaginae. The genera Oxysarcodexia, Ravinia, and Tricharaea, long considered archaic and early-branching coprophagous and sarcosaprophagous lineages, were found nested well within the Sarcophaginae as sister-group to the sarcosaprophagous Microcerella. Predation on invertebrates is suggested as the ancestral and dominant strategy throughout the early evolution of flesh flies. Several switches from predation to sarcosaprophagy occur across the sarcophagid phylogenetic tree, in contrast with almost no switches from sarcosaprophagy or coprophagy to predatory habits. Regarding the morphological evolution of flesh flies, there might a concerted evolution of male genitalia traits, such as the phallotrema position and the juxta, or the vesica and the folding of the phallotrema. One diversification rate shift was inferred in the evolution of sarcophagids, which is associated with the genus Sarcophaga. Conclusions: This study has a significant impact on understanding sarcophagid evolution and highlights the importance of having a robust phylogenetic framework. I discuss the evolution of life histories of the family in relation to their hosts or substrates and outline how sarcosaprophagy, coprophagy, and kleptoparasitism behavior on various hosts may have evolved from predation on invertebrates. This study has established the framework for further physiological and comparative genomic work between predatory, sarcosaprophagous, coprophagous, and kleptoparasitic lineages, which could also have significant implications for the evolution of diverse life histories in other Diptera.
CFAP45 is a&nbsp;Potential Predictor of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chen Yang , Shen Min , Shi Yun , Ji Li , Gu Yong , Fu Qi , Xu Xinyu , Xu Kuanfeng , Yang Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Cilia and Flagella Associated Protein 45 (CFAP45) is known to be involved in the regulation of ciliary motility. However, its potential role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unknown. This study demonstrated the role of CFAP45 in the development of DKD based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Methods: First, we investigated the expression of CFAP45 in a whole-genome expression microarray (GSE30122). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, as well as Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), were then conducted to identify the key signaling pathways associated with CFAP45. The networks between transcript factors and hub genes were then constructed by Cytoscape software.Findings: The expression levels of CFAP45 mRNA were reduced in DKD samples as compared to normal samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested the significant discriminatory power (area under curve [AUC] = 0.811) of CFAP45 between DKD and normal tissues. Low expression levels of CFAP45 were correlated with apoptosis, senescence and the induction of mast cell infiltration. Function enrichment analysis indicated that CFAP45 is involved in the most significant hallmarks of mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and degradation, ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processes, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, the action of oxidoreductase on Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways located in the mitochondrial matrix and the lysosomal membrane. The transcription factor SMAD4 was found to negatively regulate the PPAR γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). Interpretation: CFAP45 may regulate mitochondrial metabolic activity by affecting the function of the primary cilium on the kidney epithelial cells. CFAP45 may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of DKD.
Zhengyuan prescription inhibits X-ray-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: xiaoni cheng , Pan Yalei , Tang Zhishu , Zhou Rui , Zhang Haichao , Su Jie , Song Zhongxing , Ni Jian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Zhengyuan prescription (ZYP) is a Chinese herbal medicine used in clinical practice to protect against radiotherapy-induced injuries. In this study, we investigate the protective effect of ZYP against X-ray-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and we explore the mechanisms underlying this effect.Methods: After 3 h of ZYP intervention, the cells in the ZYP group were irradiated with 6 Gy X-rays and cultured for 48 h. Subsequently, the cell viability, cell morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis and oxidative stress markers were observed, as well as the expressions of apoptotic and oxidative stress proteins.Results: The obtained results demonstrate that exposure to X-rays promotes cell death, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces the pirroduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment with ZYP reverses these effects to a great extent. Moreover, it up-regulates the expression of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) apoptosis inhibitor protein while down-regulating the expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, and caspase-9. Interestingly, ZYP can also inhibit oxidative stress injury by activating the expression of Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor E2 related factor) regulated antioxidant enzyme genes such as Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1)Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate that ZYP suppresses X-ray-induced injury of HUVECs by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Resilience in Diet-quality Strategies of Mixed Native and Non-native Herbivore Communities in Semi-arid and Sub-humid Savanna Ecosystem
Authors: Lucie Stoklasová , Hejcmanová Pavla 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The global climate change processes are expected to impact African savanna ecosystems in their ecological functionality and availability of food resources for herbivores. To understand the feeding responses of large savanna herbivores placed to space-constrained and two environmentally distinct (semi-arid versus sub-humid savanna) conditions, we investigated the diet quality of five species living in a mixed community of species native and non-native for the West African savanna and compared them between the two sites as a proxy for a potential ecosystem shift due to climate change. Grazers and mixed feeders maintained diet quality in most nutrients at similar levels, while browser’s diet had lower nitrogen and fibres, specifically lignin, and more calcium in semi-arid savanna. Our findings suggest that adaptation to different ecosystems with no possibility to leave the area required changes in feeding behaviour across feeding types to maintain diet quality, especially mixed feeders escaped the competition with zebras for grasses in sub-humid savanna by switching to browse. Pure browser experienced reduced diet quality in drier environment and may potentially become susceptible to ecosystem changes. Conservation strategies should facilitate both, animals’ adequate behavioural responses together with nutritional resilience in changing savanna landscapes.
Molecular Diagnosis of Kallmann Syndrome by Whole Exon Sequencing and Bioinformatic Approaches&nbsp;
Authors: sun shuangshuang , wang ruixue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Kallmann syndrome is a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism accompanied by anosmia or hypoxia. More than 10 Kallmann syndrome pathogenic genes have been found. However, only 30% of the incidence of Kallmann syndrome is related to the above genes, suggesting that there are other disease-related genes of KS that have not been found. Methods： We studied Kallmann syndrome pathogenesis through high-throughput exome sequencing on four patients with Kallmann syndrome for screening the potential pathogenic sites and exploring the genotype-phenotype correlation. Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients. White blood cells were separated and genomic DNA was extracted. High-throughput sequencing of all exons in the candidate pathogenic genes of the probands was performed, and the results obtained were analyzed. Results: Sequencing revealed mutations in the KLB, p.T313M, ANOS1, p.C172F, and IGSF10 (p.Lys1819Arg and p.Arg1035Thr) at different sites, which may have been associated with disease onset. Discovery of these sites can improve our understanding of KS pathogenesis and serve as a novel target in further studies on KS.Conclusion: our analysis found new mutation sites to facilitate follow-up research. Diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome is a challenging, timely diagnosis and treatment can induce puberty, thereby improving sexual, bone, metabolic, and mental health.