bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech Intensity Response to Altered Intensity Feedback in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Senthinathan Anita , Adams Scott , Page Allyson D. , Jog Mandar 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Hypophonia (low speech intensity) is the most common speech symptom experienced by individuals with Parkinson's disease (IWPD). Previous research suggests that, in IWPD, there may be abnormal integration of sensory information for motor production of speech intensity. In the current study, intensity of auditory feedback was systematically manipulated (altered in both positive and negative directions) during sensorimotor conditions that are known to modulate speech intensity in everyday contexts in order to better understand the role of auditory feedback for speech intensity regulation.

Method
Twenty-six IWPD and 24 neurologically healthy controls were asked to complete the following tasks: converse with the experimenter, start vowel production, and read sentences at a comfortable loudness, while hearing their own speech intensity randomly altered. Altered intensity feedback conditions included 5-, 10-, and 15-dB reductions and increases in the feedback intensity. Speech tasks were completed in no noise and in background noise.

Results
IWPD displayed a reduced response to the altered intensity feedback compared to control participants. This reduced response was most apparent when participants were speaking in background noise. Specific task-based differences in responses were observed such that the reduced response by IWPD was most pronounced during the conversation task.

Conclusions
The current study suggests that IWPD have abnormal processing of auditory information for speech intensity regulation, and this disruption particularly impacts their ability to regulate speech intensity in the context of speech tasks with clear communicative goals (i.e., conversational speech) and speaking in background noise.
Application of digital twins to the product lifecycle management of battery packs of electric vehicles
Authors: Anandavel Suriyan , Li Wei , Garg Akhil , Gao Liang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries have become a core component of electric vehicles (EVs) because of their high energy density. However, several issues in lithium‐ion batteries usage, such as safety, durability, charging time, and driving range, limit the development of EVs. Meanwhile, with the emergence of Industry 4.0, the digital twins technology has received widespread attention in the manufacturing industry because it provides real‐time monitoring and intelligent management of the production process. The authors propose a framework based on digital twins, which can be used for real‐time monitoring, intelligent management, and autonomous control of battery packs. The framework covers all aspects of a battery pack's lifecycle, including design, manufacturing, operation monitoring, and second use options. Such a framework can solve some critical issues inhibiting the usage of batteries. A case study of the application of the proposed digital twins‐based framework to electric vehicle battery systems has been conducted. The results show that deploying digital twins into the battery packs of EVs will improve the safety and service life of the battery packs.
Selective kernel networks for weakly supervised relation extraction
Authors: Li Ziyang , Hu Feng , Wang Chilong , Deng Weibin , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of relation extraction is to identify the semantic relations between entities in sentences that contain two entities. Recently, many variants of the convolution neural network (CNN) have been introduced to relation extraction for the extracting of features—the quality of the neural network model directly affects the final quality of relation extraction. However, the traditional convolution network uses a fixed convolution kernel, so it is difficult to choose the size of the convolution kernel dynamically, which results in networks with weak representation ability. To address this, a novel CNN is designed with selective kernel networks and multigranularity. In the process of feature extraction, the model can adaptively select the size of the convolution kernel, that is, give more weight to the appropriate convolution kernel. It is then combined with multigranularity convolution to obtain more abundant semantic information. Finally, a new pooling method is designed to obtain more comprehensive information and improve model performance. Experimental results indicate that this method is effective without excessively deep network layers, and it also outperforms several competitive baseline methods.
A high order statistics based multipath interference detection method
Authors: Zhan Yafeng , Zeng Guanming , Duan Chaowei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMultipath interference commonly exists in wireless communication, navigation and radar systems, which may cause severe signal fading and bit error rate (BER) performance degradation. Therefore the detection of multipath interference is urgently needed. This paper proposes a high order statistics (HOS) based multipath interference detection method, since the HOS of the received signal show distinct difference when multipath interference exists. Moreover, the generalized theoretical values of the moments and cumulants, which release the demand for prior knowledge of timing information and symbol period, are deduced in this paper. It makes the proposed HOS features based detection method robust in blind environment. Computer simulations are performed to verify the proposed method.
A high bit rate free space optics based ring topology having carrier‐less nodes
Authors: Mirza Jawad , Imtiaz Waqas A. , Aljohani Abdulah Jeza , Ghafoor Salman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA free space optics based ring topology that transmits full‐duplex data to four different nodes in the ring is proposed. The link is designed such that the four nodes do not require a local optical source to transmit the uplink data. A wavelength division multiplexed signal composed of four different wavelengths each modulated by the downlink baseband data using differential phase shift keying is transmitted towards the nodes. At each node, the downlink baseband data is extracted and the received optical pulses are remodulated by the uplink baseband data using on‐off keying modulation format. Each node has a data rate of 10 Gbps and is at a distance of 400 m from the consecutive node. The free space optical link is modelled on the basis of Gamma‐Gamma channel model under different turbulence conditions by considering the refractive index structure parameter values of , and . Bit error rate results are obtained for both the downlink and uplink channels. Finally, power budget analysis is presented to demonstrate the robustness of the link under different weather conditions.
Decentralized energy management for unbalanced networked microgrids with uncertainty
Authors: Alobaidi Abdulraheem Hassan , Khodayar Mohammad E. , Shahidehpour Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe energy management schemes in microgrids enhance the utilization of renewable energy resources and improve the reliability and resilience measures in the distribution networks. While microgrids operate autonomously, the coordination among microgrid and distribution network operators (DNOs) contributes to the improvement in the economics and reliability of serving the demand. Here, a decentralized energy management framework for the networked microgrids is proposed in which the interactions between the microgrid and DNOs are captured using the Benders decomposition technique. The proposed framework limits the information shared among these autonomous operators and facilitates decentralized energy management in the distribution networks. Furthermore, the unbalanced operation of the distribution network and microgrids, as well as the uncertainty in the operating modes of the microgrids, renewable energy resources, and demand, were addressed. Modified IEEE‐34 bus and IEEE‐123 bus distribution networks are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Black esophagus und black duodenum – seltene Ursache einer oberen gastrointestinalen Blutung
Authors: Fleischmann Carola Christina , Gölder Stephan Karl , Messmann Helmut 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über den fulminanten Verlauf eines black esophagus mit konsekutiver distaler Ösophagusperforation sowie eines black duodenum bei einer 73-jährigen Patientin. Die Diagnose des black esophagus erfolgt anhand des endoskopischen Bildes und ist charakterisiert durch die zirkuläre Nekrose des Ösophagus mit abruptem Übergang in regelrecht perfundierte Schleimhaut ab der Z-Linie. Der black esophagus ist eine seltene Ursache einer oberen gastrointestinalen Blutung und ist mit einer hohen Mortaliät von über 30 % verknüpft. Komplikativ können sich eine Ösophagusperforation und im langfristigen Verlauf eine Ösophagusstenose entwickeln. Eine kausale Therapie existiert nicht.
Strategie zum risikostratifizierten Einsatz von Antigen-Schnelltests: Eindämmung der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie durch die Integration von Schnelltests in das Fall- und Kontaktpersonenmanagement
Authors: Arnold Laura , Stratil Jan 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Schnelltests bietet Chancen in der Bekämpfung der SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie; jedoch müssen die Auswirkungen von falsch-positiven und falsch-negativen Testergebnissen und die Reaktion der Bevölkerung antizipiert und berücksichtigt werden, um Schaden zu vermeiden. Auch geht ein ungezielter Einsatz von Schnelltests mit hohen direkten und indirekten Kosten einher und wird bei einem ineffizienten Ressourceneinsatz begrenzte Auswirkungen auf das Pandemiegeschehen haben können. Eine risikostratifizierte Teststrategie kann bei einer direkten Verknüpfung mit dem Fall- und Kontaktpersonenmanagement des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD) dazu beitragen, ressourceneffizient und nachhaltig die Infektionszahlen zu senken. Die Strategie sollte eine einheitliche Kommunikationsstrategie zum Umgang mit positiven und negativen Testergebnissen, eine gezielte Ausweitung der Zugänge zu niederschwelligen Testmöglichkeiten, die Sicherstellung eines zeitnahen und kostenlosen Zugangs zu den Ergebnissen von Bestätigungstests und die Einbindung in ein übergreifendes Dokumentationssystems zur Evaluation umfassen. Im Rahmen eines risikostratifizierten Einsatzes der Schnelltests sollten alle Personen mit akuten Symptomen einer Atemwegsinfektion sowie Personengruppen mit erhöhtem Risiko für das Bestehen einer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion gezielt getestet werden um „versteckte“ Infektionsnetzwerke zu identifizieren.
Kennzahlen und ihre (Aus)Wirkungen im Arbeitsalltag des Krankenhauses – Umfrageergebnisse
Authors: Dutschkus Fabian , Lukas Christian 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungFinanzielle Anreize und betriebswirtschaftliche Vorgaben für leitendes ärztliches Personal in Krankenhäusern sind weit verbreitet. Die Diskussion über deren Auswirkungen hält an.
Zielsetzung Befragung von Ärztinnen und Ärzten deutscher Krankenhäuser zu finanziellen Anreizen, maßgeblichen Kennzahlen für ihre Leistungsbeurteilung und Auswirkungen betriebswirtschaftlicher Vorgaben.
Methodik Repräsentative Umfrage.
Ergebnisse Mit Abstand am häufigsten werden finanzielle Kennzahlen und Qualitätskennzahlen in Kombination als betriebswirtschaftliche Vorgaben bzw. Hinweise eingesetzt, gefolgt von ihrem kombiniertem Einsatz als Grundlage der variablen Vergütung. Ob sie als Hinweise oder Vergütungsgrundlage eingesetzt werden, ist vom Träger des Krankenhauses abhängig; in Krankenhäusern mit privatem Träger werden sie häufiger als Vergütungsgrundlage eingesetzt im Vergleich zu freigemeinnützigen oder öffentlichen Trägern. Ob und welche Kennzahlen als Vorgaben oder Grundlage variabler Vergütung eingesetzt werden, beeinflusst die Einschätzung der Auswirkungen betriebswirtschaftlicher Vorgaben im Krankenhaus.
Schlussfolgerung Kennzahlen, die den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg eines Krankenhauses abbilden, werden sehr häufig eingesetzt. Diese Tatsache und die Einschätzungen der Befragten in unserer Umfrage können als Indiz dafür interpretiert werden, dass wirtschaftliche Erwägungen einen ernstzunehmenden Einfluss auf medizinische Entscheidungen haben.
Base-Free Synthesis and Synthetic Applications of Novel 3-(Organochalcogenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl Esters: Promising Anticancer Agents
Authors: Godoi Benhur , Gritzenco Fabiane , Kazmierczak Jean C. , Anjos Thiago , Sperança Adriane , Peixoto Maura L. B. , Godoi Marcelo , Ledebuhr Kauane N. B. , Brüning César Augusto , Zamin Lauren L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis manuscript portrays the CuI-catalyzed Csp-chalcogen bond formation through cross-coupling reactions of propynyl esters and diorganyl dichalcogenides by using DMSO as solvent, at room temperature, under base-free and open-to-air atmosphere conditions. Generally, the reactions have proceeded very smoothly, being tolerant to a range of substituents present in both substrates, affording the novel 3-(organochalcogenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl esters in moderate to good yields. Noteworthy, the 3-(butylselanyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl benzoate proved to be useful as synthetic precursor in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki and Sonogashira­ type cross-coupling reactions by replacing the carbon–chalcogen bond by new carbon–carbon bond. Moreover, the 3-(phenyl­selanyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl benzoate has shown promising in vitro activity against glioblastoma cancer cells.
Iridium-Catalyzed Direct C–H Allylation of Ketimines
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Yabe Ryota , Ebe Yusuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAromatic C–H allylation of N-sulfonyl ketimines with allyl alcohol or allyl phenyl ether as an allyl source is catalyzed by a cationic iridium complex. The presence of a catalytic amount of a pyridine derivative was found to be essential for the reaction. In contrast, direct C–H allylation of ketimines derived from benzophenone derivatives and p-methoxyaniline with allyl phenyl ether proceeded in the absence of pyridine derivatives.
Nickel-Catalyzed Electronically Reversed Enantioselective Hydrocarbofunctionalizations of Acrylamides
Authors: Shu Wei , Shi Lou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAsymmetric hydrocarbofunctionalization of alkenes has emerged as an efficient strategy for synthesizing optically active molecules through a carbon–carbon bond-forming process from readily available alkenes and carboelectrophiles. Here, we present a summary of our efforts to control the regio- and enantioselectivity of hydrocarbofunctionalizations of electron-deficient alkenes with a nickel catalyst and a chiral bisoxazolidine ligand. The reaction permits electron-reversed hydrocarbofunctionalizations of acrylamides with excellent enantioselectivity. This operationally simple protocol permits the asymmetric hydroalkylation, hydrobenzylation, or hydropropargylation of acrylamides. This reaction is useful for preparing a wide range of α-branched chiral amides with broad functional-group tolerance.
The Rhino-Lip-Lifting: A Novel Proposal for Midface Profileplasty Performed as a Single Surgical Procedure
Authors: Pascali Michele , Marchese Gloria , Diaspro Alberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs facial aging occurs, aesthetic changes of the nasal tip and the senile upper lip include tip ptosis, increase in skin length, loss of vermillion height and Cupid's bow, and vertical wrinkles.Regardless of the rejuvenation procedure, the lips are not to be considered as a single anatomical entity, instead they should be placed in a strong correlation with the nose. The aim of this study is therefore to demonstrate the effectiveness of the association of primary closed rhinoplasty together with indirect subnasal lip-lifting technique.A total of 45 patients were enrolled in this study and underwent primary closed rhinoplasty with indirect subnasal lip-lifting. The result showed an overall average nasolabial angle width reduction of 10.9% and lip length shortening of 23.5%, as assessed 1 year after the surgical procedure. When comparing before and after photographs and using the Subjective Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (sGAIS), the overall satisfaction was rated 4.4 on 5, as “much improved.”The authors show that lips should not be considered as a single anatomical entity but that they indeed must be placed in a strong correlation with the nose since a droopy nasal tip is likely to be considered unattractive and is often associated with the appearance of a long nose with covered philtrum and upper lip.Tip rotation to a normal nasolabial angle width could grant a beneficial impact on overall nose aesthetics; however, it may not fully balance the midface profile as it is the “lip position-to-incisal show” ratio that defines beauty, whereas the balance among forehead, nasal tip, upper lip, and chin is what defines the contour of harmonious profiles.This is the first patient series to show that the combination of closed rhinoplasty and indirect lip-lifting is a highly effective, safe, and reliable procedure to address profile rejuvenation.
Endolymphatic Sac Tumor Screening and Diagnosis in von Hippel-Lindau Disease: A Consensus Statement
Authors: Mehta Gautam U. , Kim H. Jeffery , Gidley Paul W. , Daniels Anthony B. , Miller Mia E. , Lekovic Gregory P. , Butman John A. , Lonser Russell R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are a frequent cause of hearing loss and other audiovestibular dysfunction in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). Unified screening recommendations for VHL patients have not been established. To develop consensus guidelines, the VHL Alliance formed an expert committee to define evidence-based clinical screening recommendations.
Patients and Methods Recommendations were formulated by using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework after a comprehensive literature review.
Results Diagnosis of ELSTs in VHL requires a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging and audiometric findings. Audiovestibular signs/symptoms are often an early feature of small ELSTs, including those that are not visible on imaging. Diagnostic audiograms have the greatest sensitivity for the detection of ELST-associated sensorineural hearing loss and can help confirm clinically relevant lesions, including those that may not be radiographically evident. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a more specific test for ELSTs in VHL particularly when supplemented with computed tomography imaging for the identification of small tumors. VHL patients between the ages 10 and 60 years carry high preponderance for ELST presentation.
Conclusion We recommend that clinical evaluation (yearly) and diagnostic audiograms (every other year) be the primary screening tools for ELSTs in VHL. We suggest that screening be performed between the ages 11 and 65 years or with the onset of audiovestibular signs/symptoms for synchronicity with other testing regimens in VHL. We recommend that baseline imaging (MRI of the internal auditory canals) can be performed between the ages of 15 and 20 years or after positive screening.
Cisternostomy in Traumatic Brain Injury for a Novel Approach to Treatment: Review of Current Status
Authors: Agrawal Manish , Mishra Keshav , Babal Rohit , Purohit Devendra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCisternostomy (CS) is a recently introduced procedure to mitigate the cerebrospinal fluid shift edema and secondary injury in traumatic brain injury patients. There have been numerous reports describing its efficacy in various cohorts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients; therefore, we review the current evidences examining its utility for the same. The systematic review was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline including all human studies published in English language indexed with MEDLINE and Google Scholar since 2013 evaluating CS as a standalone or as an adjuvant procedure. The studies were graded according to the Oxford center for evidence-based medicine levels of evidence. Case reports were excluded from the analysis. A total of 107 articles were found by using the given search criteria. Finally, three oxford level 3 study and one level 4 study were included in the analysis. CS in combination with decompressive craniectomy was seen to confer mortality benefit and better outcome at discharge. It led to statistically significant improvement in clinical outcome at 6 months in the patients for whom it was performed as a primary procedure. CS is a promising procedure in TBI leading to survival benefit as well as better clinical outcome. But the level of evidence supporting its effectiveness is still weak owing to the methodological limitations and small sample size. A well-designed multicentric randomized controlled trial is needed to critically examine its role in TBI patients.
Hyperspectral interference tomography of nacre
Authors: Salman Jad , Stifler Cayla A. , Shahsafi Alireza , Sun Chang-Yu , Weibel Stephen C. , Frising Michel , Rubio-Perez Bryan E. , Xiao Yuzhe , Draves Christopher , Wambold Raymond A. , Yu Zhaoning , Bradley Daniel C. , Kemeny Gabor , Gilbert Pupa U. P. A. , Kats Mikhail A. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
We invented an optical technique—hyperspectral interference tomography—that rapidly and nondestructively extracts nanoscale structural information across large samples of nacre (mother-of-pearl) and other layered materials by combining multiangle and polarization-resolved hyperspectral imaging with optical-interference modeling. We investigated nacre in mollusk shells from two different species, red abalone and rainbow abalone, and discovered a previously unknown relationship between the age of the mollusk and the thickness of aragonite tablets in nacre. Hyperspectral interference tomography will have applications in climate science, since nacre tablet thickness in fossil shells is a proxy for ancient seawater temperature, and in bioinspired mechanics, because the layered structure of nacre inspires engineered materials with exceptional strength and toughness.
Soluble α-synuclein–antibody complexes activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in hiPSC-derived microglia
Authors: Trudler Dorit , Nazor Kristopher L. , Eisele Yvonne S. , Grabauskas Titas , Dolatabadi Nima , Parker James , Sultan Abdullah , Zhong Zhenyu , Goodwin Marshall S. , Levites Yona , Golde Todd E. , Kelly Jeffery W. , Sierks Michael R. , Schork Nicholas J. , Karin Michael , Ambasudhan Rajesh , Lipton Stuart A. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Release of oligomeric/fibrillar α-synuclein (αSyn) from damaged neurons contributes to neuronal cell death in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders in part via microglial activation. Here, we show that αSyn activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived microglia (hiMG) via dual stimulation involving TLR2 engagement and mitochondrial damage. Oligomerized amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), as found in Alzheimer’s disease brains, exacerbates this neuroinflammation. Importantly, we found that misfolded proteins such as αSyn and Aβ, when bound to antibody and presented to hiMG, result in enhanced proinflammatory response of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings may have important implications for antibody therapies aimed at depleting misfolded/aggregated proteins from the human brain, as they may paradoxically trigger neuroinflammation in human microglia.