bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine adjusts the circadian gene expression of Per2 and Per3 in human dermal fibroblasts from ADHD patients
Authors: Faltraco Frank , Palm Denise , Uzoni Adriana , Borchert Lena , Simon Frederick , Tucha Oliver , Thome Johannes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA link between dopamine levels, circadian gene expression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has already been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of these relationships by measuring circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after dopamine exposure. We analyzed circadian preference, behavioral circadian and sleep parameters as well as the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls and participants with ADHD. Circadian preference was evaluated with German Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (D-MEQ) and rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via actigraphy. After ex vivo exposure to different dopamine concentrations in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression (Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1) was analyzed via qRT-PCR. We found no statistical significant effect in the actigraphy of both groups (healthy controls, ADHD group) for mid-sleep on weekend days, mid-sleep on weekdays, social jetlag, wake after sleep onset, and total number of wake bouts. D-MEQ scores indicated that healthy controls had no evening preference, whereas subjects with ADHD displayed both definitive and moderate evening preferences. Dopamine has no effect on Per3 expression in healthy controls, but produces a significant difference in the ADHD group at ZT24 and ZT28. In the ADHD group, incubation with dopamine, either 1 µM or 10 µM, resulted in an adjustment of Per3 expression to control levels. A similar effect also was found in the expression of Per2. Statistical significant differences in the expression of Per2 (ZT4) in the control group compared to the ADHD group were found, following incubation with dopamine. The present study illustrates that dopamine impacts on circadian function. The results lead to the suggestion that dopamine may improve the sleep quality as well as ADHD symptoms by adjustment of the circadian gene expression, especially for Per2 and Per3.
Norepinephrine influences the circadian clock in human dermal fibroblasts from study participants with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Palm Denise , Uzoni Adriana , Simon Frederick , Tucha Oliver , Thome Johannes , Faltraco Frank 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by changes to the circadian process. Many medications used to treat the condition, influence norepinephrine levels. Several studies have, in addition, reported that norepinephrine itself has an effect on circadian function. The aim of this study was to investigate the circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after norepinephrine exposure. We analyzed circadian preference, behavioral circadian and sleep parameters as well as the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls and participants with an ADHD diagnosis. Circadian preference was evaluated with German Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (D-MEQ) and rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via actigraphy. After ex vivo exposure to different norepinephrine concentrations in HDF cultures, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression was analyzed via qRT-PCR. The exposure of 1 µM norepinephrine to confluent cultures of human dermal fibroblasts from participants with a diagnosis of ADHD, was shown to dampen Per1 rhythmicity. The expression of Bmal1, Per1 and Per3 in control subjects was also influenced by incubation with 1 µM norepinephrine. Cultures from the ADHD group revealed no statistically significant overall differences in circadian gene expression, between cultures with and without norepinephrine incubation. Per3 expression showed a significant ZT × group interaction via mixed ANOVA. Per3 expression at ZT4 was significant higher in the group of control samples incubated with 1 µM norepinephrine, compared to the control group without norepinephrine. This effect was also shown in the control samples incubated with 1 µM norepinephrine and cultures from subjects with ADHD without norepinephrine incubation. Per3 expression differed between the healthy control group and the ADHD group without norepinephrine incubation at ZT28. The results of the present study illustrate that norepinephrine impacts on circadian function. In both groups, control group and cultures taken from subjects with ADHD, the expression of the periodic genes (Per1–3) was significantly influenced by incubation with norepinephrine.
Environment-driven control of fungi in subterranean ecosystems: the case of La Garma Cave (northern Spain)
Authors: Sanchez-Moral Sergio , Jurado Valme , Fernandez-Cortes Angel , Cuezva Soledad , Martin-Pozas Tamara , Gonzalez-Pimentel Jose Luis , Ontañon Roberto , Saiz-Jimenez Cesareo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAirborne microorganisms can cause important conservation problems in caves with Paleolithic art and therefore the knowledge of cave aerodynamic is essential. La Garma Cave (Cantabria, Spain), an exceptional archaeological site with several levels of galleries interconnected and two entrances, presents a complex atmospheric dynamics. An approach including aerobiological sampling together with microclimate monitoring was applied to assess the factors controlling the origin of airborne fungi. Here we show that winter ventilation is critical for the increasing ofBasidiomycotaspores in the cave air and the highest concentrations were found in the most ventilated areas. On the contrary,Ascomycotaspores prevailed in absence of ventilation. Besides, mostAscomycotawere linked to insects and bats that visit or inhabit the cave. The combination of aerobiological and microclimate data constitutes a good approach to evaluate the influence of external climatic conditions and design the most suitable strategies for the conservation of cultural heritage in the cave environment.
Attract, reward and disrupt: responses of pests and natural enemies to combinations of habitat manipulation and semiochemicals in organic apple
Authors: Pålsson Joakim , Porcel Mario , Dekker Teun , Tasin Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe widespread use of pesticides along with the simplification of the landscape has had undesirable effects on agroecosystems, such as the loss of biodiversity and the associated ecosystem service biological control. How current production systems can be remodelled to allow for a re-establishment of biological pest control, while preserving productivity, is a major challenge. Here, we tested whether a combination of tools could augment or synergize biological control of insect pests in apple (Malus domestica), comprised of a tortricid pest complex, a geometrid pest complex and the rosy apple aphid. The tools aimed at disrupting mating behaviour of multiple pest species (multispecies mating disruption, “Disrupt”, MMD), attracting natural enemies (a blend of herbivory-induced volatiles, “Attract”, A), or providing refuge and rewards for a diverse insect community (perennial flower strip, “Reward”, R) over a 3-year period. Suction samples were consistently richer in generalist predators but not in parasitoids when multiple tools including MMD + A + R or MMD + A were employed. In addition, lepidopteran pest levels were significantly lower in these plots than in MMD or MMD + R at the end of the 3-year experiment. This was, however, not reflected in survival of artificially established aphid colonies. Our data indicates that multiple, complementary tools can greatly enhance natural enemy level, but also that long-term implementation is needed to fully realize the augmentatory or synergistic potential of complementary components and restore biological control as an ecosystem service of practical relevance.
The agroecological transition in Senegal: transnational links and uneven empowerment
Authors: Boillat Sébastien , Belmin Raphaël , Bottazzi Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSenegal is among the few African countries that counts with an important agroecological movement. This movement is strongly backed up by a network of transnational partnerships and has recently matured into an advocacy coalition that promotes an agroecological transition at national scale. In this article, we investigate the role of transnational links on the empowerment potential of agroecology. Combining the multi-level perspective of socio-technical transitions and Bourdieu’s theory of practices, we conceptualize the agroecological network as a niche shaped by the circulation of different types of capital. Using social network analysis, we investigate the existing flows of resources and knowledge, as well as membership and advocacy links to critically address within-niche empowerment processes. We show that transnational ties play a key role in building the niche protective space, showing a financial dependency of the agroecological niche on NGOs and international cooperation programmes based in Europe and North America. This configuration tends to favor the empowerment of NGOs instead of farmer unions, which only play a peripheral role in the network. However, the multiple innovations focus of agroecology may open up prospects for more gradual but potentially radical change. Based on our findings, we suggest to include more explicitly core-periphery dynamics in transition studies involving North–South relations, including circulation of capital, ideas and norms.
The nexus between black and digital gold: evidence from US markets
Authors: Huynh Toan Luu Duc , Ahmed Rizwan , Nasir Muhammad Ali , Shahbaz Muhammad , Huynh Ngoc Quang Anh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the context of the debate on cryptocurrencies as the ‘digital gold’, this study explores the nexus between the Bitcoin and US oil returns by employing a rich set of parametric and non-parametric approaches. We examine the dependence structure of the US oil market and Bitcoin through Clayton copulas, normal copulas, and Gumbel copulas. Copulas help us to test the volatility of these dependence structures through left-tailed, right-tailed or normal distributions. We collected daily data from 5 February 2014 to 24 January 2019 on Bitcoin prices and oil prices. The data on bitcoin prices were extracted from coinmarketcap.com. The US oil prices were collected from the Federal Reserve Economic Data source. Maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation was applied to the dataset and showed that the US oil returns and Bitcoin are highly vulnerable to tail risks. The multiplier bootstrap-based goodness-of-fit test as well as Kendal plots also suggest left-tail dependence, and this adds to the robustness of the results. The stationary bootstrap test for the partial cross-quantilogram indicates which quantile in the left tail has a statistically significant relationship between Bitcoin and US oil returns. The study has crucial implications in terms of portfolio diversification using cryptocurrencies and oil-based hedging instruments.
Industry practices and challenges for the evolvability assurance of microservices
Authors: Bogner Justus , Fritzsch Jonas , Wagner Stefan , Zimmermann Alfred 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context
Microservices as a lightweight and decentralized architectural style with fine-grained services promise several beneficial characteristics for sustainable long-term software evolution. Success stories from early adopters like Netflix, Amazon, or Spotify have demonstrated that it is possible to achieve a high degree of flexibility and evolvability with these systems. However, the described advantageous characteristics offer no concrete guidance and little is known about evolvability assurance processes for microservices in industry as well as challenges in this area. Insights into the current state of practice are a very important prerequisite for relevant research in this field.

Objective
We therefore wanted to explore how practitioners structure the evolvability assurance processes for microservices, what tools, metrics, and patterns they use, and what challenges they perceive for the evolvability of their systems.

Method
We first conducted 17 semi-structured interviews and discussed 14 different microservice-based systems and their assurance processes with software professionals from 10 companies. Afterwards, we performed a systematic grey literature review (GLR) and used the created interview coding system to analyze 295 practitioner online resources.

Results
The combined analysis revealed the importance of finding a sensible balance between decentralization and standardization. Guidelines like architectural principles were seen as valuable to ensure a base consistency for evolvability and specialized test automation was a prevalent theme. Source code quality was the primary target for the usage of tools and metrics for our interview participants, while testing tools and productivity metrics were the focus of our GLR resources. In both studies, practitioners did not mention architectural or service-oriented tools and metrics, even though the most crucial challenges like Service Cutting or Microservices Integration were of an architectural nature.

Conclusions
Practitioners relied on guidelines, standardization, or patterns like Event-Driven Messaging to partially address some reported evolvability challenges. However, specialized techniques, tools, and metrics are needed to support industry with the continuous evaluation of service granularity and dependencies. Future microservices research in the areas of maintenance, evolution, and technical debt should take our findings and the reported industry sentiments into account.
Bifurcations of drops and bubbles propagating in variable-depth Hele-Shaw channels
Authors: Thompson Alice B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe steady propagation of air bubbles through a Hele-Shaw channel with either a rectangular or partially occluded cross section is known to exhibit solution multiplicity for steadily propagating bubbles, along with complicated transient behaviour where the bubble may visit several edge states or even change topology several times, before typically reaching its final propagation mode. Many of these phenomena can be observed both in experimental realisations and in numerical simulations based on simple Darcy models of flow and bubble propagation in a Hele-Shaw cell. In this paper, we investigate the corresponding problem for the propagation of a viscous drop (with viscosity $$\nu $$
ν
relative to the surrounding fluid) using a Darcy model. We explore the effect of drop viscosity on the steady solution structure for drops in rectangular channels or with imposed height variations. Under the Darcy model in a uniform channel, steady solutions for bubbles map directly on to those for drops with any internal viscosity $$\nu \ne 1$$

ν
≠
1

. Hence, the solution multiplicity predicted for bubbles also occurs for drops, although for $$\nu >1$$

ν
>
1

, the interface shape is reversed with inflection points appearing at the rear rather than the front of the drop. The equivalence between bubbles and drops breaks down for transient behaviour, at the introduction of any height variation, for multiple bodies of different viscosity ratios and for more detailed models which produce a more complicated flow in the interior of the drop. We show that the introduction of topography variations affects bubbles and drops differently, with very viscous drops preferentially moving towards more constricted regions of the channel. Both bubbles and drops can undergo transient behaviour which involves breakup into two almost equal bodies, which then symmetry break before either recombining or separating indefinitely.
Does kindness towards robots lead to virtue? A reply to Sparrow’s asymmetry argument
Authors: Coeckelbergh Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDoes cruel behavior towards robots lead to vice, whereas kind behavior does not lead to virtue? This paper presents a critical response to Sparrow’s argument that there is an asymmetry in the way we (should) think about virtue and robots. It discusses how much we should praise virtue as opposed to vice, how virtue relates to practical knowledge and wisdom, how much illusion is needed for it to be a barrier to virtue, the relation between virtue and consequences, the moral relevance of the reality requirement and the different ways one can deal with it, the risk of anthropocentric bias in this discussion, and the underlying epistemological assumptions and political questions. This response is not only relevant to Sparrow’s argument or to robot ethics but also touches upon central issues in virtue ethics.
Chronos: A NIR spectroscopic galaxy survey to probe the most fundamental stages of galaxy evolution
Authors: Ferreras I. , Cropper M. , Sharples R. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Bruzual G. , Charlot S. , Conselice C. J. , Driver S. , Dunlop J. , Hopkins A. M. , Kaviraj S. , Kitching T. , Barbera F. La , Lahav O. , Pasquali A. , Serjeant S. , Silk J. , Windhorst R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose a dedicated, ultra-deep spectroscopic survey in the near infrared (NIR), that will target a mass-limited sample of galaxies during two of the most fundamental epochs of cosmic evolution: the formation of the first galaxies (at z $\gtrsim $
≳
6; cosmic dawn), and at the peak of galaxy formation activity (at redshift z$\sim $
∼
1–3; cosmic noon). By way of NIR observations (λ= 0.8–2μ m), it is possible to study the UV Lyman-α region in the former, and the optical rest-frame in the latter, allowing us to extract fundamental observables such as gas and stellar kinematics, chemical abundances, and ages, providing a unique legacy database covering these two crucial stages of cosmic evolution. The need to work in the NIR at extremely low flux levels makes a ground-based approach unfeasible due to atmospheric emission and absorption. Only with the largest facilities of the future (e.g. ELT) will be possible to observe a reduced set of targets, comprising at most of order thousands of galaxies. Likewise, from space, the small field of view of JWST and its use as a general purpose facility will yield a rather small set of high quality NIR spectra of distant galaxies (in the thousands, at best). Our project (codename ) aims to produce $\sim $
∼
1 million high quality spectra, with a high S/N in the continuum, where information about the underlying stellar populations is encoded. The main science drivers are:

The connection between the star formation history and the mass assembly history.

The role of AGN and supernova feedback in shaping the formation histories of galaxies, with a quantitative estimate of quenching timescales.

The formation of the first galaxies.

The source of reionization.

Evolution of the metallicity-mass relation, including [α/Fe] and individual abundances.

Precision cosmology through detailed studies of the “baryon physics” of galaxy formation, probing the power spectrum over scales k$\sim $
∼
1 Mpc− 1.
Effect of precursor particle size and morphology on lithiation of Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2(OH)2
Authors: Hietaniemi Marianna , Hu Tao , Välikangas Juho , Niittykoski Janne , Lassi Ulla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2(OH)2 precursors with several different morphologies and particle sizes are mixed with Li2CO3 and heat treated for 5, 7.5 and 10 h. The effects of the precursor properties on the degree of lithiation, electrochemical properties and volumetric capacities of lithiated product are compared. Based on the characterization results, a small (3 μm), narrow span precursor can be lithiated in a short period of time (5 h) and has good initial discharge capacity (185 mA h g− 1) and capacity retention (93% for 55 cycles). In contrast, a large wide-span precursor requires over 10 h for full lithiation. A highly porous precursor can be lithiated faster than traditional large wide-span materials, and has low cation mixing and good crystallinity. However, the volumetric energy density of porous material is low after lithiation compared to the other tested materials. Capacity retention after washing correlated with crystallographic properties of the sample.
Graphic abstract
Eating Problems in Autistic Females and Males: A Co-twin Control Study
Authors: Lundin Remnélius Karl , Neufeld Janina , Isaksson Johan , Bölte Sven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the association between autism and self-reported eating problems and the influence of gender on the association, in a sample of adolescent and adult twins (N = 192). Autistic traits and autism diagnosis were associated with both total and specific eating problems, including selective eating and sensory sensitivity during mealtimes. Interaction effects indicated a stronger association between autistic traits and total eating problems in females, as well as more difficulties with eating in social contexts among autistic females. In within-pair analyses, where unmeasured confounders including genes and shared environment are implicitly controlled for, the association was lost within monozygotic pairs, which might further indicate a genetic influence on the relationship between autism and eating problems.
Quantifying the Tetrad Effect, Shape Components, and Ce–Eu–Gd Anomalies in Rare Earth Element Patterns
Authors: Anenburg Michael , Williams Morgan J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlots of chondrite-normalised rare earth element (REE) patterns often appear as smooth curves. These curves can be decomposed into orthogonal polynomial functions (shape components), each of which captures a feature of the total pattern. The coefficients of these components (known as the lambda coefficients—$$\lambda $$
λ
) can be derived using least-squares fitting, allowing quantitative description of REE patterns and dimension reduction of parameters required for this. The tetrad effect is similarly quantified using least-squares fitting of shape components to data, resulting in the tetrad coefficients ($$\tau $$
τ
). Our method allows fitting of all four tetrad coefficients together with tetrad-independent $$\lambda $$
λ
curvature. We describe the mathematical derivation of the method and two tools to apply the method: the online interactive application BLambdaR, and the Python package pyrolite. We show several case studies that explore aspects of the method, its treatment of redox-anomalous REE, and possible pitfalls and considerations in its use.
Nonlinear dynamic response of an isolation system with superelastic hysteresis and negative stiffness
Authors: Salvatore Andrea , Carboni Biagio , Lacarbonara Walter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe negative stiffness exhibited by bi-stable mechanisms together with the tunable superelasticity offered by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires can enhance the dynamic resilience of a structure in the context of vibration isolation. The effects of negative stiffness and superelastic damping in base-isolated structures are here explored by carrying out an extensive study of the nonlinear dynamic response via pathfollowing, bifurcation analysis, and time integration. The frequency-response curves of the isolated structure, with and without the negative stiffness contribution, are numerically obtained for different excitation amplitudes to construct the acceleration and displacement transmissibility curves. The advantages of negative stiffness, such as damping augmentation and reduced acceleration/displacement transmissibility, as well as the existence of rich bifurcation scenarios toward quasi-periodicity and chaos, are discussed.