bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the composition and functional properties of whole egg plasma obtained by centrifugation
Authors: Puertas Gema , Vázquez Manuel 
Published: May 2021

SummaryHen eggs have many applications in the food industry. Centrifugation split liquid whole egg in two fractions: supernatant plasma and precipitate granules. Plasma can be used directly by the food industry. The aim of this study was to analyse how the operational conditions affect the composition and functional properties of plasma obtained by centrifugation. Protein and cholesterol contents, dry matter, emulsion activity and foam activity were evaluated. Plasma showed lower protein content and dry matter than liquid whole egg. Within the operational conditions studied, plasma contained 74–85% of egg cholesterol, maintaining the emulsifying activity and increasing the foaming properties. Prediction models were obtained for all the parameters studied except for emulsifying activity. Plasma doubled the foam capacity and increased until almost 15% the foam stability compared with liquid whole egg. Whole egg plasma could be a great substitute of whole egg for the food industry.
Application of chemometric tools in the development of food bars based on cocoa shell, soy flour and green banana flour
Authors: de Barros Hanna Elisia Araújo , Natarelli Caio Vinicius Lima , de Abreu Danilo José Machado , de Oliveira Ana Lázara Matos , do Lago Rafael Carvalho , Dias Laryanne Lopes de Carvalho , de Carvalho Elisângela Elena Nunes , Bilal Muhammad , Ruiz Héctor A. , Franco Marcelo , Vilas Boas Eduardo Valério de Barros 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this study, exploratory methods and the simplex‐centroid design were applied in the development of food bars with cocoa shell, soy and green banana flours that were evaluated sensorially. The results of the chemical composition and texture were submitted to the Scott‐Knott test and the Principal Component Analysis, and was observed a significant difference between the treatments (P < 0.05), as well as a tendency to form five groups, according to its nutritional characteristics. The design used to optimise the sensorial acceptance of the food bars was effective, whose contour surface indicated an optimal region with greater acceptance, with all formulations having good acceptance (scores above 5.52). Check‐All‐That‐Apply, Contingency Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis allowed describing the products, demonstrating the sensory differences between treatments with the presence/absence of cocoa shell. It is concluded that the studied ingredients can be used in food bars, providing nutritional and sensory characteristics acceptable to the consumer.
Detection of alternative splicing in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) in association with eCry3.1Ab resistance using RNA‐seq and PacBio Iso‐Seq
Authors: Zhao Z. , Elsik C.G. , Hibbard B.E. , Shelby K.S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlternative splicing is a common feature in eukaryotes that not only increases the transcript diversity, but also has functional consequences. In insects, alternative splicing has been found associated with resistance to pesticides and Bt toxins. Up to date, the alternative splicing in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) has not been studied. To investigate its alternative splicing pattern and relation to Bt resistance, we carried out single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) transcript sequencing and Iso‐seq analysis on resistant, eCry3.1Ab‐selected and susceptible, unselected, western corn rootworm neonate midguts which fed on seedling maize with and without eCry3.1Ab for 12 and 24 h. We present transcriptome‐wide alternative splicing patterns of western corn rootworm midgut in response to feeding on eCry3.1Ab‐expressing corn using a comprehensive approach that combines both RNA‐seq and SMRT transcript sequencing techniques. The results showed genes in western corn rootworm are highly alternatively spliced, which happens on 67.73% of multi‐exon genes. One of the alternative splicing events we identified was a novel peritrophic matrix protein with two alternative splicing isoforms. Analysis of differential exon usage between resistant and susceptible colonies showed that in eCry3.1Ab‐resistant western corn rootworm, expression of one isoform was significantly higher than in the susceptible colony, while no significant differences between colonies were observed with the other isoform. Our results provide the first survey of alternative splicing in western corn rootworm and suggest that the observed alternatively spliced isoforms of peritrophic matrix protein may be associated with eCry3.1Ab resistance in western corn rootworm.
Social movement unionism through radical democracy: The case of the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions and climate change
Authors: Parker Jane , Alakavuklar Ozan Nadir , Huggard Sam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnion‐civil alliances have garnered scholarly and practitioner attention in many nations. Drawing on extensive documentary evidence, this qualitative study examines the rationales for this, focusing on coalitions involving New Zealand's peak labour body and its affiliates around climate change and workplace issues. Laclau and Mouffe's (2001) seminal political theory on radical democracy frames a critical reading of social movement unionism and union‐civil alliances as an effort to build new hegemony against dominant neo‐liberal discourses and practices. Emergent themes suggest a degree of change by the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions and affiliates in their emphasis of wage and conditions vis‐à‐vis wider issues, and developing alternative forms of representation and solidarities involving unions. However, early initiatives seem unlikely to gain more traction other than via a radicalised democratic approach involving multi‐interest approaches, their urgency underscored by irreversible environmental imperatives.
Burnout and self‐regulation failure: A diary study of self‐undermining and job crafting among nurses
Authors: Roczniewska Marta , Bakker Arnold B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe objective was to test how nurse burnout impairs day‐to‐day adaptive self‐regulation strategies that link levels of regulatory resources with employee job performance.BackgroundRegulatory resources help employees manage their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours on a daily basis. On days when these resources are low, employees may engage in maladaptive self‐regulation: more self‐undermining (i.e. creating additional obstacles) and less job crafting (i.e. optimizing job demands and resources), which debilitates their work performance. We expected that self‐regulation is impaired especially when individuals exhibit low motivation and low ability to regulate their behaviour, that is, when they experience elevated burnout.DesignThis research used a daily diary design. Nurses responded to a general survey and then completed daily diary surveys in three different moments: before, during and after work for 10 consecutive workdays (total reports N = 732).MethodA sample of 81 nurses from Polish hospitals and primary healthcare centres completed self‐reported questionnaires between January and March 2018. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel modelling in Mplus.ResultsMomentary self‐regulatory capacity before work was negatively related to self‐undermining and positively related to job crafting, and it indirectly predicted daily job performance. As hypothesized, these indirect relationships were moderated by general, chronic burnout. We found that only for employees with low levels of burnout, daily self‐regulation was linked with better functioning via increased job crafting and decreased self‐undermining.ConclusionChronic burnout disturbs day‐to‐day behaviour regulation. Individuals with elevated burnout symptoms have difficulty to translate momentary boosts in regulatory resources into adaptive strategies that are linked with higher performance.ImpactOur findings call for better recovery programmes, strategic Human Resource Management practices aimed at reducing factors that deplete daily self‐regulatory resources, and finally top‐down interventions preventing burnout among employees in the healthcare system.
Political ideology in M&A
Authors: Alnahedh Saad , Alhashel Bader 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the effect of shared political identity between acquirers and targets on merger outcomes. In a sample of public US mergers, we find that targets are more likely to merge with firms of similar political orientation. We document that acquirers in politically matched mergers experience significantly worse cumulative abnormal returns around the merger announcement, compared to their non‐politically matched counterparts. Acquirers in those mergers pay lower takeover premiums, experience worse post‐merger operating performance, retain more from the target management, and receive larger bonuses. Our results indicate that politically matched mergers create less value to shareholders.
Freedom of the press and corporate misconduct
Authors: Nguyen Trang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examines how freedom of the press affects corporate misconduct, focusing mainly on earnings management. I find that firms engage more in earnings management when they have a high percentage of sales in countries with restricted media freedom. I find that the influence of foreign partners’ media freedom on earnings management depends on how domestic investors process information about firm export markets and how multinational firms shape their relationship with stakeholders. Additionally, the presence of analysts in foreign countries reduces firms’ incentives to exploit media restriction to manipulate earnings. Finally, I further show that insiders of these firms tend to be involved in opportunistic insider trading, which could indicate corporate misconduct. Overall, these results show that corporate misconduct can be in part explained by a spill‐over effect of the media freedom of export markets.
Ultrahigh density atrio‐ventricular dual‐chamber mapping as a next generation tool for ablation of accessory pathways
Authors: Mori Hitoshi , Kawano Daisuke , Sumitomo Naokata , Muraji Shota , Nabeshima Taisuke , Tsutsui Kenta , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Iwanaga Shiro , Nakano Shintaro , Muramatsu Toshihiro , Kobayashi Toshiki , Kato Ritsushi , Matsumoto Kazuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionDetailed three‐dimensional (3D) mapping has been useful for effective radiofrequency catheter ablation. The Rhythmia system can create atrio‐ventricular dual‐chamber mapping, which reveals the atrial and ventricular potentials all at once in the same map. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of mapping the atrium and ventricle simultaneously with a high‐density 3D mapping system for the ablation of accessory pathways (AP).MethodsFrom July 2015 to August 2020, 111 patients underwent ablation of APs. Dual‐chamber maps were created in 50 patients (median age 15 [10–54], 32 male [64.0%]), while 61 patients underwent radiofrequency (RF) ablation with conventional single‐chamber 3D maps. The background characteristics and procedural details were compared between the dual‐chamber mapping group and the conventional single‐chamber mapping group.ResultsThe number of RF applications (median [IQR]; 1.0 [1.0–3.0] vs. 3.0 [1.0–6.0], p = .0023), RF time (median [IQR], s; 9.2 [2.0–95.7] vs. 95.6 [4.1–248.7], p = .0107), and RF energy (median [IQR], J; 248.4 [58.7–3328.2] vs. 2867.6 [134.2–7728.4], p = .0115) were significantly lower in the dual‐chamber group. The fluoroscopy time (median [IQR], min; 19.9 [14.2–26.1] vs. 26.5 [17.7–43.4], p = .0025) and fluoroscopy dose (median [IQR], mGy; 52.5 [31.3–146.0] vs. 119.0 [43.7–213.5], p = .0249) were also significantly lower in the dual‐chamber than single‐chamber mapping group.ConclusionThe dual‐chamber mapping was useful for ablating accessory pathways and reducing the number of RF applications, total RF energy, and radiation exposure as compared with traditional mapping techniques.
The utility of a novel mapping algorithm utilizing vectors and global pattern of propagation for scar‐related atrial tachycardias
Authors: Kuroda Shunsuke , Wazni Oussama M. , Saliba Walid I. , Hilow Henry , Baranowski Bryan , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Higuchi Koji , Tchou Patrick , Dresing Thomas , Lopez John O. , Bhargava Mandeep , Cantillon Daniel J. , Callahan Thomas , Rickard John , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Anter Elad , Hussein Ayman A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundActivation maps of scar‐related atrial tachycardias (AT) can be challenging to interpret due to difficulty in inaccurate annotation of electrograms, and an arbitrarily predefined mapping window. A novel mapping software integrating vector data and applying an algorithmic solution taking into consideration global activation pattern has been recently described (Coherent™, Biosense Webster “Investigational”).ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the investigational algorithm to determine the mechanism of AT compared with the standard algorithm.MethodsThis study included patients who underwent ablation of scar‐related AT using the Carto 3 and the standard activation algorithm. The mapping data were analyzed retrospectively using the investigational algorithm, and the mechanisms were evaluated by two independent electrophysiologists.ResultsA total of 77 scar‐related AT activation maps were analyzed (89.6% left atrium, median tachycardia cycle length of 273 ms). Of those, 67 cases with a confirmed mechanism of arrhythmia were used to compare the activation software. The actual mechanism of the arrhythmia was more likely to be identified with the investigational algorithm (67.2% vs. 44.8%, p = .009). In five patients with dual‐loop circuits, 3/5 (60%) were correctly identified by the investigational algorithm compared to 0/5 (0%) with the standard software. The reduced atrial voltage was prone to lead to less capable identification of mechanism (p for trend: .05). The investigational algorithm showed higher inter‐reviewer agreement (Cohen's kappa .62 vs. .47).ConclusionsIn patients with scar‐related ATs, activation mapping algorithms integrating vector data and “best‐fit” propagation solution may help in identifying the mechanism and the successful site of termination.
Priming human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for corneal surface regeneration
Authors: Nieto‐Nicolau Núria , Martínez‐Conesa Eva M. , Fuentes‐Julián Sherezade , Arnalich‐Montiel Francisco , García‐Tuñón Ignacio , De Miguel María P. , Casaroli‐Marano Ricardo P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLimbal stem cells (LSC) maintain the transparency of the corneal epithelium. Chemical burns lead the loss of LSC inducing an up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐angiogenic factors, triggering corneal neovascularization and blindness. Adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT‐MSC) have shown promise in animal models to treat LSC deficiency (LSCD), but there are not studies showing their efficacy when primed with different media before transplantation. We cultured AT‐MSC with standard medium and media used to culture LSC for clinical application. We demonstrated that different media changed the AT‐MSC paracrine secretion showing different paracrine effector functions in an in vivo model of chemical burn and in response to a novel in vitro model of corneal inflammation by alkali induction. Treatment of LSCD with AT‐MSC changed the angiogenic and inflammatory cytokine profile of mice corneas. AT‐MSC cultured with the medium that improved their cytokine secretion, enhanced the anti‐angiogenic and anti‐inflammatory profile of the treated corneas. Those corneas also presented better outcome in terms of corneal transparency, neovascularization and histologic reconstruction. Priming human AT‐MSC with LSC specific medium can potentiate their ability to improve corneal wound healing, decrease neovascularization and inflammation modulating paracrine effector functions in an in vivo optimized rat model of LSCD.
Bone marrow cells are differentiated into MDSCs by BCC‐Ex through down‐regulating the expression of CXCR4 and activating STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Quan‐Wen , Chen Yong , Li Jing‐Yuan , Xiao Ling , Zhang Wen‐Jie , Zhao Jia‐Le , Gu Hao‐Cheng , Wu Han‐You , Zuo Guo‐Si‐Lang , Deng Ke‐Yu , Xin Hong‐Bo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudies showed that the increase of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumour microenvironment is closely related to the resistant treatment and poor prognosis of metastatic breast cancer. However, the effect of tumour‐derived exosomes on MDSCs and its mechanism are not clear. Here, we reported that breast cancer cells (4T1)‐secreted exosomes (BCC‐Ex) were able to differentiate bone marrow cells into MDSCs and significantly inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes to provide an immunosuppressive microenvironment for cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The number of MDSCs in bone marrow and spleen of 4T1 tumour‐bearing mice and BCC‐Ex infused mice was significantly higher than that of normal mice, whereas the number of T lymphocytes in spleen was significantly decreased. In addition, BCC‐Ex markedly promoted the differentiation of MDSCs from bone marrow cells or bone marrow cells derived macrophages, seen as the increased expressions of MDSCs‐related functional proteins Arginase‐1 (Arg‐1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, BCC‐Ex significantly down‐regulated the expressions of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and markedly up‐regulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐10 in bone marrow cells and macrophages and remarkably inhibited the division and proliferation of T cells. Importantly, CXCR4 agonist, CXCL12, could reverse the function of BCC‐Ex, indicating that BCC‐Ex‐induced MDSCs might be dependent on the down‐regulation of CXCR4. Western blot showed that BCC‐Ex significantly promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 in bone marrow cells, resulting in the inhibitions of the proliferation and apoptosis of bone marrow cells, and the aggravation of the differentiation of bone marrow cells into MDSCs.
Mapping ethico‐legal principles for the use of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology
Authors: Stewart Cameron , Wong Stephen K Y , Sung Joseph J Y 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital health raise concerns about equitable access to innovative interventions, appropriate use of health data and privacy, inclusiveness, bias and discrimination, and even changes to the clinician–patient relationship. This article outlines a number of ethical and legal issues when examining the use of AI in gastroenterology. Substantive ethico‐legal principles including respect for persons, privacy and confidentiality, integrity, conflict of interest, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, are discussed. Much of what we articulated is relevant to the use of AI in other medical fields. Going forward, consorted efforts should be use to address more particular and concrete problems, but for now, a principle‐based approach is best used in problem‐solving.
VAT and the taxation of rents
Authors: Boadway Robin , Sato Motohiro , Tremblay Jean‐François 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCash‐flow corporate taxes can tax corporate‐source rents and avoid some of the distortions on investment and financing caused by conventional corporate taxes. However, cash‐flow taxes applied on an origin basis are prone to international profit‐shifting, which can lead to a competitive reduction in tax rates. While this can be avoided by a destination‐based cash‐flow tax, most countries have opted for origin‐based taxation, asserting the right to tax rents generated within their jurisdictions. Since a value‐added tax (VAT) implicitly includes rents in its base, it can complement origin‐based corporate taxation. We compare and contrast the use of destination and origin VATs as complements to an origin‐based cash‐flow corporate tax.
Urolithiasis in cats: Evaluation of trends in urolith composition and risk factors (2005‐2018)
Authors: Kopecny Lucy , Palm Carrie A. , Segev Gilad , Larsen Jennifer A. , Westropp Jodi L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundUrolithiasis is an important upper and lower urinary tract disease in cats that results in morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo describe trends in composition of uroliths in cats and evaluate risk factors related to age, breed, sex, urolith location, and bacterial urolith cultures.Sample PopulationA total of 3940 uroliths and the cats from which they were obtained.MethodsThe database of the UC Davis Gerald V. Ling Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory was searched for all urolith submissions from cats between January 2005 and December 2018. Mineral type, age, breed, sex, and urolith location and culture results were recorded. Trends were evaluated and variables compared to evaluate risk factors.ResultsA significant decrease in the proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx)‐containing uroliths occurred over time (P= .02), from 50.1% (204/407) of all submissions in 2005 to 37.7% (58/154) in 2018. In contrast, the proportion of struvite‐containing uroliths increased significantly (P= .002), from 41.8% (170/407) in 2005 to 54.5% (84/154) in 2018. The proportion of CaOx‐containing uroliths in the upper urinary tract was significantly higher compared to the proportion of other urolith types in the upper urinary tract. Urate‐containing uroliths were the third most common type (361/3940, 9.2%). Overall, sex and age predispositions were similar to those reported previously.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe decrease in the proportion of CaOx‐containing uroliths and increase in the proportion of struvite‐containing uroliths warrants investigation. Further education regarding the efficacy of medical dissolution of struvite‐containing uroliths is recommended.
The Mitral INsufficiency Echocardiographic score: A severity classification of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs
Authors: Vezzosi Tommaso , Grosso Giovanni , Tognetti Rosalba , Meucci Valentina , Patata Valentina , Marchesotti Federica , Domenech Oriol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no commonly shared severity score for myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) based on routinely acquired echocardiographic variables.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo propose an easy‐to‐use echocardiographic classification of severity of MMVD in dogs.AnimalsFive hundred and sixty dogs with MMVD.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study. The proposed Mitral INsufficiency Echocardiographic (MINE) score was based on 4 echocardiographic variables: left atrium‐to‐aorta ratio, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter normalized for body weight, fractional shortening, and E‐wave transmitral peak velocity. Specific echocardiographic cutoffs were defined based on previous prognostic studies on MMVD, and severity scores were assigned as follows: mild (score: 4‐5), moderate (score: 6‐7), severe (score: 8‐12), late stage (score: 13‐14).ResultsMedian survival time was significantly different (P < .05) between the proposed severity classes: mild (2344 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1877‐2810 days), moderate (1882 days, 95% CI 1341‐2434 days), severe (623 days, 95% CI 432‐710 days), and late stage (157 days, 95% CI 53‐257 days). A MINE score >8 was predictive of cardiac death (area under the curve = 0.85; P < .0001; sensitivity 87%, specificity 73%). In the multivariable analysis, all the echocardiographic variables of the MINE score were independent predictors of death because of heart disease (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe MINE score is a new easy‐to‐use echocardiographic classification of severity of MMVD, which has been proven to be clinically effective as it is associated with survival. This classification provides prognostic information and could be useful for an objective echocardiographic assessment of MMVD.