bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock Properties and Associated Characteristics of Solar Energetic Particles in the 2017 September 10 Ground-level Enhancement Event
Authors: Zhu Bei , Liu Ying D. , Kwon Ryun-Young , Jin Meng , Lee L. C. , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The solar eruption on 2017 September 10 was accompanied by a fast coronal mass ejection (∼3000 km s−1) and produced a ground-level enhancement (GLE) event at Earth. Multiple-viewpoint remote sensing observations are used to find the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the shock. We determine the shock parameters by combining the 3D shock kinematics and the solar wind properties obtained from a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation, in order to compare them with the characteristics of the solar energetic particles (SEPs). We extract the magnetic connectivities of the observers from the MHD simulation and find that L1 was magnetically connected to the shock flank (rather than the nose). Further analysis shows that this shock flank propagates through the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). The weak magnetic field and relatively dense plasma around the HCS result in a large Mach number of the shock, which leads to efficient particle acceleration even at the shock flank. We conclude that the interaction between the shock and HCS provides a potential mechanism for production of the GLE event. The comparison between the shock properties and the characteristics of SEPs suggests an efficient particle acceleration in a wide spatial range by the shock propagating through the highly inhomogeneous coronal medium.
State of the Field: Binary Black Hole Natal Kicks and Prospects for Isolated Field Formation after GWTC-2
Authors: Callister Thomas A. , Farr Will M. , Renzo Mathieu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s newly released GWTC-2 catalog of gravitational-wave detections offers unprecedented information about the spin magnitudes and orientations of merging binary black holes (BBHs). Notably, analysis of the BBH population suggests the presence of binaries whose component spins are significantly misaligned with respect to their orbital angular momenta. Significantly misaligned spins are typically predicted to be at odds with isolated field formation via standard common envelope (CE) evolution, and hence a “smoking gun” signature of dynamical binary formation inside dense stellar clusters. Here, we explore whether the LIGO/Virgo observation of spin–orbit misalignment indeed rules out the possibility that BBHs are formed entirely in the field via standard CE evolution. In particular, we seek to understand whether, by varying the natal kicks black holes receive upon formation, we can invoke the CE scenario to self-consistently explain both the observed spin distribution and merger rate of BBHs. We find that, if isolated black holes are born with small natal spins, then BBHs formed through CE require extreme natal kicks to match the observed BBH population, with a velocity dispersion

σ
=

9.7

−
5.9

+
26.7

×

10

2

km

s

−
1

and σ > 260 km s−1 at 99% credibility. To avoid the need for extreme kicks, we argue that it is necessary to assume that isolated black holes are born with nonvanishing natal spins, that one or more alternative channels contribute to the observed BBH population, and/or that other unforeseen mechanisms serve to yield large spin–orbit misalignment in the field.
Oscillation Mode Variability in Evolved Compact Pulsators from Kepler Photometry. II. Comparison of Modulation Patterns between Raw and Corrected Flux
Authors: Zong Weikai , Charpinet Stéphane , Vauclair Gérard 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the second results of an ensemble and systematic survey of oscillation mode variability in compact pulsators observed with the original Kepler mission. Two types of flux calibrations, raw and corrected, collected on two hot B subdwarf stars, KIC 2438324 and KIC 11179657, are thoroughly examined with the goal of evaluating the difference in patterns when oscillation modes modulate in amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM). We concentrate on AMs and FMs occurring in seven multiplet components in each star as representative frequencies. The analysis shows that FM measurements are independent of the flux calibration we choose. However, if flux contamination by nearby stars is large, AMs may be significantly different between raw and corrected flux. In addition, AMs suffer, to some extent, from a systematic modulation pattern, which is most likely induced by instrumental effects and differs from one star to another. Our results indicate that stars with no contamination are better candidates to quantitatively compare modulation patterns with theory and should be given a higher priority for such studies, since light contamination will destroy real AM patterns.
Three-dimensional Hydrodynamic Simulations of Convective Nuclear Burning in Massive Stars Near Iron Core Collapse
Authors: Fields C. E. , Couch Sean M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nonspherical structure in massive stars at the point of iron core collapse can have a qualitative impact on the properties of the ensuing core-collapse supernova explosions and the multimessenger signals they produce. Strong perturbations can aid successful explosions by strengthening turbulence in the postshock region. Here we report on a set of 4π 3D hydrodynamic simulations of O- and Si-shell burning in massive star models of varied initial masses using MESA and the FLASH simulation framework. We evolve four separate 3D models for roughly the final 10 minutes prior to and including iron core collapse. We consider initial 1D MESA models with masses of 14, 20, and 25 M
⊙ to survey a range of O/Si-shell density and compositional configurations. We characterize the convective shells in our 3D models and compare them to the corresponding 1D models. In general, we find that the angle-average convective speeds in our 3D simulations near collapse are three to four times larger than the convective speeds predicted by MESA at the same epoch for our chosen mixing length parameter of α
MLT = 1.5. In three of our simulations, we observe significant power in the spherical harmonic decomposition of the radial velocity field at harmonic indices of ℓ = 1–3 near collapse. Our results suggest that large-scale modes are common in massive stars near collapse and should be considered a key aspect of presupernova progenitor models.
L’assurance maladie complémentaire des salariés au prisme du fiscal welfare… what’s going wrong in France ?
Authors: Del Sol Marion , Turquet Pascale 
Published: October 2021

Cet article interroge à la fois la rationalité, la légitimité et l’équité des dépenses sociofiscales conditionnées à la mise en œuvre de dispositifs collectifs d’assurance maladie complémentaire en entreprise. Ces dépenses sont relativement anciennes mais ont changé de nature au 1er janvier 2016, date depuis laquelle les entreprises ont l’obligation de financer au moins à 50 % une couverture complémentaire maladie au bénéfice de leurs salariés. La logique d’incitation qui prévalait jusqu’alors a par conséquent fait place à celle du subventionnement à l’achat d’une assurance privée. Si le caractère incohérent et inégalitaire d’un tel subventionnement ainsi que l’inefficience de la juxtaposition assurance maladie obligatoire (AMO)-assurance maladie complémentaire (AMC) font l’objet de nombreux questionnements et critiques, l’assurance privée semble cependant toujours constituer l’horizon indépassable des réformes dans le champ de l’assurance maladie.
Les assureurs privés au service d’un meilleur accès à certains biens de santé ?
Authors: Gay Renaud 
Published: October 2021

Les réseaux de soins initiés par des organismes complémentaires d’assurance maladie correspondent à des dispositifs de contractualisation avec des professionnels de santé qui visent à réguler le prix de certains actes et équipements peu couverts par la Sécurité sociale et à réduire le reste à charge des assurés. L’article analyse leur formation et leur développement depuis la fin des années 1990 en s’intéressant au système de relations entre organisations dans lequel leur production s’inscrit. De cette manière, il rend compte de l’hétérogénéité des formats et des pratiques associés à ces dispositifs, des contestations dont ils font l’objet et de leur partielle démonétisation à la fin des années 2010 sous l’effet d’interventions étatiques recodifiant les règles d’échange de certains biens de santé. L’article donne ainsi à voir plusieurs modalités d’investissement des opérateurs privés d’assurance dans la réalisation d’un objectif civique d’amélioration de l’accès aux soins des individus.
Hertia cheirifolia y H. maroccana (Asteraceae), dos especies endémicas para áfrica del norte: notas nomenclaturales, morfología, distribución y evaluación de la lista roja según la UICN
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , El Mokni Ridha 
Published: October 2021

Hertia cheirifolia y H. maroccana (Asteraceae) son dos endemismos norteafricanos que crecen, respectivamente, en Argelia y Túnez, y en Marruecos. Presentamos en este trabajo descripciones morfológicas, distribución y categorización en la lista roja de la UICN. Además, se lleva a cabo un estudio nomenclatural de Hertia maroccana de Battandier and Othonna cheirifolia de Linneo y se tipifican ambos nombres sobre especímenes conservados, respectivamente, en MPU y LINN.
Reflexões sobre ontologias jornalísticas no contexto de desinformação e crises sistêmicas
Authors: Saad Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

O encontro entre desinformação e digitalização informacional/social configura-se no locus ideal para a rápida e incontrolável aceleração de desordens informativas, especialmente em momentos de crise sistêmica, tendo o jornalismo um papel fundamental na produção de informação de qualidade, legitima e credível. Indagamos como a práxis e respectivas ontologias são resilientes em tais cenários, especialmente com relação aos processos redacionais de verificação. Partimos do pressuposto que existem diferenças entre as ontologias da verificação e aquelas emergentes dos processos de fact-checking necessários ao combate da desinformação. Propomos refletir neste ensaio teórico sobre as possibilidades de conciliação dos diferentes preceitos ontológicos. Instrumentalizamos nossas reflexões a partir de um panorama do jornalismo contemporâneo em reconfiguração; apresentamos os conceitos recentes na literatura sobre ontologia do jornalismo; discutimos as diferenças de fazeres entre a verificação redacional cotidiana e a atividade do fact-checking organizada como um sistema paralelo; apresentamos e comentamos sobre ecossistema brasileiro atuando neste cenário. Novos posicionamentos ontológicos diante de ondas de desinformação preservam o jornalismo de qualidade, mas necessitam de processos mais complexos que aquele já consolidado de verificação redacional. O fact-checking parece ser o complemento oportuno para dar conta do cenário e olharmos para o jornalismo como parte de um ritual comunicativo enraizado nas bases da sociedade que atua.
Palavras-chave: crise sistêmica; ontologias; jornalismo; fact-checking
Effect of Zirconia Silica Nanofibers on Flexural Strength of Feldspathic Ceramic - An Experimental Study
Authors: Tah Rajdeep , Chidambaranathan Ahila Singaravel , Balasubramanium Muthu Kumar , Sundaram Saravanan Meenakshi 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Dental ceramics exhibit good optical and esthetic properties due to their translucency. Feldspathic ceramic is the most widely used veneering ceramic with brittleness, which accounts for most of its failure. Hence, this study was done to evaluate and compare the flexural strength of feldspathic ceramic reinforced with zirconia-silica nanofibers in the ratio of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt% with conventional feldspathic ceramic.

Materials and Methods:
According to ISO 6872, a master die was prepared from which resin bars were fabricated with 4.0 mm in width × 1.2 mm thickness × 25.0 mm length, Zirconia-silica nanofibers were produced by sol-gel electrospinning go around with calcination and blended with feldspathic ceramic through ball milling method. The samples were prepared with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 wt% nanofibers reinforced ceramic. The flexural strength of the samples was evaluated using three-point bending test.

Results:
The flexural strength values of zirconia-silica nanofibers reinforced ceramic groups were higher than control group. There was a gradual increase in the flexural strength values of felspathic ceramic groups with increase in wt% of nanofibers.

Conclusion:
The flexural strength of feldspathic ceramic samples reinforced with zirconia-silica nanofibers by 5 and 7.5 wt% were statistically significant compared to control, whereas the flexural strength of 2.5 wt% was statistically insignificant compared to the control group.
Perceived Stress and Emotional Overeating During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohapatra Shrusty , Mohapatra Mamta , Kar Sujita Kumar , Tekkalaki Bheemsain 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Obesity due to inappropriate eating habits, including overeating, has recently been discussed during this COVID pandemic crisis in the context of stress. Emotional overeating (EOE) is sometimes considered as a strategy for emotion regulation. Considering this fact, this study used a snowball technique to analyze the prevalence of EOE caused due to stress during this pandemic situation.

Methodology:
The present cross-sectional online study of 607 respondents across all regions of India attempts to assess the perceived stress levels during COVID-19, evaluate their tendency to engage in emotional eating, and examine the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating during COVID-19 situation.

Results:
Stress perception is significantly associated with EOE and such phenomenon is marginally more prominent in females more than males. A negative association of age, though weak (r = −0.34, p< 0.05), has been found with both perceived stress levels and EOE, signifying that the youngsters are more prone to stress and overeating than older persons, during these COVID times. The study also evidenced that people with psychiatric conditions are significantly more affected than others. Similarly, the average EOE scores for such persons were also higher, and they may be more vulnerable to emotional eating.

Conclusion:
EOE is significantly associated with perceived stress; the association is more prominent in females. Younger people and people with mental illness display significantly more emotional eating behavior during stress.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19
Authors: Nivea B. , Kamath Vasantha , Markanday Kushal , Jacob M. J. , Mohan Dharani 
Published: October 2021

Background:
While the name of the virus indicates respiratory disease, and the respiratory spread of COVID-19 has been well documented in the literature, the ongoing pandemic has shown that the virus is not confined to just the lung. Hence, physicians should be aware of the “many faces” that this singular disease can present with, for timely diagnosis and prompt initiation of best treatment options.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 1754 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were admitted at a rural tertiary care center, Karnataka, India. This study is a cross-sectional study done for a period of 6 months from July 2020 to December 2020. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, management, and outcomes were recorded and compared.

Results:
Out of 1754 COVID-19 patients, pulmonary manifestations were seen in 1222 patients, extrapulmonary manifestations in 360 patients, and 172 patients were asymptomatic. Males were affected more than females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Most common pulmonary manifestation seen was cough in 83.06%, followed by fever in 67.59%. Most common extrapulmonary manifestation seen was neurological followed by gastrointestinal in 60.83% and 35.8% patients, respectively. Fatality in patients with pulmonary manifestations was 5% and extrapulmonary manifestation was 3%. All patients were managed according to standard COVID-19 treatment protocol.

Conclusion:
Early recognition of COVID-19 infections remains a big challenge. COVID-19 can have diverse range of clinical manifestations. Hence, COVID-19 infection should be considered in the differential of any systemic disease during the current pandemic, even in the absence of pulmonary manifestations like fever or cough.
Nutritional Status of Children under Five Years of Age and Factors Associated in Rural Areas of Sana'a Governorate, Yemen
Authors: A. Alwabr Gawad M. , A. Alwabr Nwbal M. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The nutritional status of children determines their health, physical development, educational performance, and progress in life. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and associated factors of children under 5 years of age in rural areas in Sana'a Governorate, Yemen.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at five rural health centers of Sana'a Governorate, from March to May 2018. A convenience sampling method was used in the selection of 150 mothers and their children under five. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in data collection. According to WHO standards, the middle-upper arm circumference tool was used to measure the circumference of the upper part of the arm of the study children.

Results:
This study results showed that of all the children, 38.7% had Mild Malnutrition, 34% had Moderate Malnutrition, 6.7% had Severe Malnutrition, and 20.7% were normal. Majority of the participants' mothers (81.3%) were not knowledgeable about malnutrition causes. Place of delivery, mothers' education, fathers' education, age of mothers in the first pregnancy, numbers of all children per household, a child's weight at birth, and age of the child at weaning, were associated with the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Despite the efforts of redressing child malnutrition issues in Yemen, the proportion of malnutrition among children under the age of five still high. Multiple intervention strategies based on risk factors can reduce early malnutrition of the children under the age of five.
A Pilot Project to Identify Simple Echocardiographic Tools as an Alternative to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict a Reduced Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Mohakud Asish Ranjan , Sivakumar Kothandam , Singh Arvind Sahay , Sagar Pramod 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is an important predictor of adverse events after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair. A study comparing echocardiography with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) might provide simple tools for their serial inexpensive assessment.

Methods:
Echocardiographic RV functional parameters including fractional area change (FAC), rate of pressure rise (dP/dt), free wall strain, myocardial performance index (MPI), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and tissue Doppler S' velocity in patients with repaired TOF were correlated with CMR-derived ejection fraction (EF) using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Bland–Altman plots analyzed agreement between the RV end-diastolic volumes (EDVs), end-systolic volumes (ESVs), and EF derived from three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and CMR.

Results:
Eighteen patients were included. The echocardiographic parameters that showed a good positive correlation with CMR-derived EF were FAC (r = 0.851, P = 0.001), dP/dt (r = 0.730, P = 0.001), and free wall strain (r = −0.660, P = 0.003). ROC curve analysis provided a cutoff value for FAC (<36.6), dP/dt (<370 mmHg/s), free wall strain (<−18.5) and MPI (>0.565) to predict EF <45%. TAPSE and S' velocity had poor correlation. Correlation was strong between 3DE and CMR-derived EDV (r = 0.938, P <0.001), ESV (r = 0.936, P <0.001) and EF (r = 0.916, P <0.001). 3DE underestimated volumes compared to CMR with a mean bias of − 31.78 ± 18.8 ml for EDV and −17.28 ± 11.6 ml for ESV, but EF was not affected (mean bias − 1% ± 3.7%).

Conclusions:
RV free wall strain, FAC and dP/dt were simple tools with good accuracy to predict RV EF <45% in patients with repaired TOF. TAPSE and S' velocity assessed basal longitudinal function without considering the dysfunctional outflow tract and showed poor correlation. EF assessment by 3DE was a good alternative to CMR. Underestimation of volumes by 3DE might restrict its use in timing surgery.
Inversion free Iterative Method for Finding Symmetric Solution of the Nonlinear Matrix Equation 𝑿 − 𝑨∗𝑿𝒒𝑨 = 𝑰 (𝒒 ≥ 𝟐)
Authors: Chacha Chacha Stephen 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose the inversion free iterative method to find symmetric solution of thenonlinear matrix equation 𝑿 − 𝑨∗𝑿𝒒𝑨 = 𝑰 (𝒒 ≥ 𝟐), where 𝑋 is an unknown symmetricsolution, 𝐴 is a given Hermitian matrix and 𝑞 is a positive integer. The convergence of theproposed method is derived. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed iterative methodis quite efficient and converges well when the initial guess is sufficiently close to the approximatesolution.
Keywords: Symmetric solution, nonlinear matrix equation, inversion free, iterative method
Aportes de la psicología en perfilación a los actores de Grupos Armados Organizados en Colombia.
Authors: Sarmiento Sánchez Edith Jazmín 
Published: October 2021

Caracterizar los perfiles psicológicos de los actores de los Grupos Armados Organizados en Colombia (GAO), aporta información importante para los organismos de inteligencia que permitirá fortalecer los procesos encaminados a la intervención y el combate de esta amenaza, por lo que esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el conocimiento brindado por la psicología criminal, durante el periodo de tiempo comprendido entre los años 2014 a 2019 sobre el origen, características y forma de operar de los GAO; de igual manera se revisó el concepto de criminología, psicología criminal y la conducta humana. Se interpretaron factores de riesgo psicosociales, indicando los resultados que no hay ningún aporte realizado por esta disciplina sobre el tema, que lo que se ha planteado corresponde a investigación académica y no se ha usado por las entidades calificadas para esta tarea; sin embargo, se plantean contribuciones claras e importantes desde el objeto de estudio de la psicología direccionadas hacia el servicio de inteligencia para complementar su labor.
Open as a matter of principle
Authors: Langenberg Silke 
Published: October 2021

<span>El Marburg Building System es uno de los sistemas constructivos alemanes más pioneros, coherentes y conocidos internacionalmente. Su desarrollo marca el inicio de un proceso en el que se ve duplicado el conjunto de los edificios universitarios alemanes en solo 20 años. El emplazamiento de Marburg Lahnberge fue, posiblemente, el ejemplo más consultado para la planificación universitaria en los años 60 y 70. Sin embargo, pocas veces se aprecian las cualidades de los edificios, siendo poco explotada la facilidad intrínseca del sistema para modificar y adaptarse a los nuevos requerimientos de los usuarios. Pese a ello, es realmente notable la calidad arquitectónica de los edificios construidos en el campus de Lahnberge en Marburg, la coherencia de su estrategia hasta la escala de detalle, la innovación técnica de la producción en serie de sus elementos de construcción fabricados in situ y el proceso de planificación minucioso para estandarizar todos los componentes del edificio. El principio subyacente de apertura tiene un potencial considerable para prolongar la vida útil de los edificios, si se reparan los defectos existentes. Las ventajas de los edificios, su sistema básico y el concepto base del proyecto pueden no ser obvias, pero al examinarlas desde más de cerca, son innegables. </span><span lang="EN-US">Todo ello </span><span lang="EN-GB">podría y debería utilizarse.</span>