bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread in situ follicular neoplasia in patients who subsequently developed follicular lymphoma
Authors: Dobson Rachel , Wotherspoon Andrew , Liu Shizhang Alexander , Cucco Francesco , Chen Zi , Tang Yuan , Du Ming‐Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn situ follicular neoplasia (ISFN) is usually an occasional incidental finding in lymph nodes by BCL2 immunohistochemistry, and its true scale is unknown. We have identified six cases of follicular lymphoma (FL) with a history of solid neoplasm 4–16 years ago, from which ISFN was identified widely in the surgically cleared lymph nodes (LNs). Using clone‐specific PCR and BaseScope in situ hybridisation with primers or probes specific to the VDJ or BCL2–IGHJ junction sequence, we confirmed the clonal identity among different ISFNs and overt‐FL in each of the four cases successfully investigated. Mutation analyses of overt‐FL by targeted next‐generation sequencing identified multiple potential pathogenic changes involving CREBBP, EZH2, KMT2D, TNFRS14, and STAT6. Further investigations of these mutations in paired ISFNs using Fluidigm PCR and Illumina sequencing showed the presence of the FL‐associated mutations in early lesions for two of the six cases investigated (CREBBP and KMT2D in one case and STAT6 in the other), with one case displaying stepwise accumulation of its observed mutations. Remarkably, there were considerable divergences in BCL2 variants among different ISFN‐involved lymph nodes in all four cases successfully investigated, indicating ongoing intraclonal diversification by somatic hypermutation machinery. Our findings demonstrate widespread distribution of ISFN lesions, further implicating their dynamic nature with the neoplastic cells undergoing active trafficking and clonal evolution. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Pediatric severe factor XI deficiency: A multicenter study
Authors: Barg Assaf Arie , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Budnik Ivan , Mandel‐Shorer Noa , Dardik Rima , Avishai Einat , Brutman‐Barazani Tami , Ifrah Aviya Dvir , Oren‐Malek Liat , Yacobovich Joanne , Gilad Oded , Nakav Sigal , Fruchtman Yariv , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Miskin Hagit , Kenet Gili 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFactor XI (FXI) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. Only scarce publications address its clinical features in children. The increased prevalence of FXI deficiency in Israel enabled data collection for this large multicenter cohort study.ObjectiveSome hemostatic challenges may be unique or more common in children, such as bleeding in the neonatal period or trauma‐related injury. The current study was designed to explore the potential impact of these differences in children with severe FXI deficiency.MethodsMedical files of all children with FXI level under 15% followed at five tertiary centers were evaluated. The retrieved data comprised demographic and clinical characteristics, including bleeding episodes, surgical interventions, treatment strategies, as well as laboratory features.ResultsSixty children, whose median age at diagnosis was 4.2 years and their median FXI level was 4%, were included. Three children experienced triggered intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and two children had major bleeds. No bleeding complications occurred in surgeries in which hemostatic treatment consisting mostly of tranexamic acid or fresh frozen plasma was applied (n = 45). In contrast, excessive bleeding was noted in 25% of surgical procedures performed without hemostatic preparation (p = .002).ConclusionThis study's findings confirm the generally favorable outcome of this rare bleeding disorder, with no spontaneous bleeds or cases of perinatal ICH. Nonetheless, proper diagnosis and adequate hemostasis in the surgical setting are imperative. Unlike previous studies in adults, our pediatric study suggests an association between the severity of FXI deficiency and bleeding tendency.
Trio exome sequencing is highly relevant in prenatal diagnostics
Authors: Gabriel Heinz , Korinth Dirk , Ritthaler Martin , Schulte Björn , Battke Florian , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Wüstemann Max , Schulze Bernt , Friedrich‐Freksa Almuth , Pfeiffer Lutz , Entezami Michael , Schröer Andreas , Bürger Joachim , Schwaibold Eva Maria Christina , Lebek Holger , Biskup Saskia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveAbout 3% of newborns show malformations, with about 20% of the affected having genetic causes. Clarification of genetic diseases in postnatal diagnostics was significantly improved with high‐throughput sequencing, in particular through whole exome sequencing covering all protein‐coding regions. Here, we aim to extend the use of this technology to prenatal diagnostics.MethodBetween 07/2018 and 10/2020, 500 pregnancies with fetal ultrasound abnormalities were analyzed after genetic counseling as part of prenatal diagnostics using WES of the fetus and parents.ResultsMolecular genetic findings could explain ultrasound abnormalities in 38% of affected fetuses. In 47% of these, disease‐causing de novo variants were found. Pathogenic variants in genes with autosomal recessive or X‐linked inheritance were detected in more than one‐third (70/189 = 37%). The latter are associated with increased probability of recurrence, making their detection important for further pregnancies. Average time from sample receipt to report was 12 days in the recent cases.ConclusionTrio exome sequencing is a useful addition to prenatal diagnostics due to its high diagnostic yield and short processing time (comparable to chromosome analysis). It covers a wide spectrum of genetic changes. Comprehensive interdisciplinary counseling before and after diagnostics is indispensable.
Distinct C4 sub‐types and C3 bundle sheath isolation in the Paniceae grasses
Authors: Washburn Jacob D. , Strable Josh , Dickinson Patrick , Kothapalli Satya S. , Brose Julia M. , Covshoff Sarah , Conant Gavin C. , Hibberd Julian M. , Pires Joseph Chris 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn C4 plants, the enzymatic machinery underpinning photosynthesis can vary, with, for example, three distinct C4 acid decarboxylases being used to release CO2 in the vicinity of RuBisCO. For decades, these decarboxylases have been used to classify C4 species into three biochemical sub‐types. However, more recently, the notion that C4 species mix and match C4 acid decarboxylases has increased in popularity, and as a consequence, the validity of specific biochemical sub‐types has been questioned. Using five species from the grass tribe Paniceae, we show that, although in some species transcripts and enzymes involved in multiple C4 acid decarboxylases accumulate, in others, transcript abundance and enzyme activity is almost entirely from one decarboxylase. In addition, the development of a bundle sheath isolation procedure for a close C3 species in the Paniceae enables the preliminary exploration of C4 sub‐type evolution.
Exploring the reaction pathway involved in the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 synthesis from catechol and bis(2‐chloroethyl) ether in presence of base
Authors: Sisodiya Dilawar Singh , Ali Sk. Musharaf , Chattopadhyay Anjan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComputational investigations reported in this work have proposed the mechanism involved in the synthesis of dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (DB18C6) from catechol and bis(2‐chloroethyl) ether in presence of base. The transition states on the reaction path have been identified, and the corresponding barrier heights are estimated. Paths related to the side‐product formations, such as benzo‐9‐crown‐3 and 1,2‐bis[2‐(2‐chloroethoxy)ethoxy]‐benzene, have been also tracked. The cation‐assisted (Na+ and K+ ions) cyclization process (template effect) creates more structurally ordered reactant and transition state species. This facilitates the cyclization step that is an intramolecular SN2 process. Additionally, it eliminates possibilities of different side‐product formations giving better yield of the crown ether, as reported previously. This cyclization step has a comparatively lower barrier height for Na+ system (by 3 kcal/mol) in gas phase than K+ system; however, it becomes reverse in 1‐butanol where the barrier height is almost 2.5 kcal/mol lower during the K+DB18C6 formation. Consequently, a faster cyclization has been found in this solvent from the reaction rate studies for the potassium system. This is in‐line with the experimental observations reported on the alkali‐metal‐catalyzed benzo‐18‐crown‐6 ether formation reactions. The dipole moment value of the transition state involved in this step for the larger alkali metal ion system is found to be significantly higher (by 5–8 D) than the reactant species.
High Catalytic Performance of Silver‐Doped Gold Nanocages for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: You Hongjun , Zhao Lijun , Zuo Yun , Fang Jixiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHollow or porous noble metal nanocrystals with large specific electrochemical surface area and stability hold stimulating technological applications in fuel cell catalysis. Here, a simple galvanic replacement reaction synthesis of Ag‐doped Au nanocages with a tunable Ag/Au atomic ratio is developed. Without surface ligands being used in the synthesis, the obtained AuAg nanocages with hollow cavity and opened nanoporous shell possess clean surface and enhanced electrocatalytic activity. In the electrocatalysis of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), the obtained AuAg nanocages possess high electrocatalysis properties and show morphology and composition‐dependent electrocatalytic property. The optimized AuAg cubic nanocages that have 5% Ag exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for MOR, and this is attributed to the unique geometric structure and the well‐controlled Ag content. The hollow and nanoporous structure can effectively promote the mass transfer and atomic utilization during the catalytic process for MOR. Density functional theory calculations indicate that introducing of a small amount of Ag facilitates methanol adsorption to the surface of catalysts and promotes the break of the OH bond during the MOR process, thus accordingly enhances the catalytic activity.
Molecular representations for machine learning applications in chemistry
Authors: Raghunathan Shampa , Priyakumar U. Deva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMachine learning (ML) methods enable computers to address problems by learning from existing data. Such applications are becoming commonplace in molecular sciences. Interest in applying ML techniques across chemical compound space, from predicting properties to designing molecules and materials is in the surge. Especially, ML models have started to accelerate computational chemistry, and are often as accurate as state‐of‐the‐art electronic/atomistic models. Being an integral part of the ML architecture, representation of a molecular entity, uniquely encoded, plays a crucial role to what extent an ML model would be accurately predicting the desired property. This review aims to demonstrate a hierarchy of representations which has been introduced, to capture all degrees of freedom of a molecule or an atom the best, to map the quantum mechanical properties. We discuss their diverse applications how they have been instrumental in harnessing the growing field of ML accelerated computational modeling.
Adapting automated instrumentation for high‐throughput calcium isotope measurements by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Razionale Dan , Bryant Roger N. , Blättler Clara L. 
Published: December 2021

RationaleLarge, efficiently generated datasets of calcium isotope ratios offer tremendous utility in an increasing number of scientific disciplines. Modern analytical capabilities in mass spectrometry present unique challenges to previously established sample preparation techniques, the extent of which must be thoroughly examined before these data are interpreted and reported. This study addresses key methodological challenges in the determination of calcium isotopes using state‐of‐the‐art, commercially available instruments.MethodsAutomated ion chromatography was used to isolate calcium from carbonate‐ and seawater‐like samples prior to analysis by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). A new, membrane‐bearing desolvator (Apex‐Ω) is implemented and achieves enhanced sensitivity, yet necessitates an update to established sample preparation techniques due to previously unobserved matrix effects. Performance of this method was assessed through analyses of multiple standard reference materials (SRM 915b, USGS EN‐1, and seawater) and several in‐house standards using a Neptune MC‐ICP‐MS instrument.ResultsThe enhanced sensitivity afforded by the Apex‐Ω also yields pronounced matrix effects during mass spectrometry, resulting specifically from heightened sample Na and Sr content and deviations in sample [Ca] from their bracketing standards. While the latter can be addressed by a concentration correction, the first two matrix effects are mitigated using a modified chromatography technique that implements unique rinsing protocols.ConclusionsThis precise (0.14‰ 2σ), high‐throughput method is very reproducible for small sample amounts and, at optimal efficiency, can generate approximately 140 sample δ44/40Ca values per week with 5 h of in‐person effort per day. Documented matrix effects are successfully mitigated through corrections and modified chromatographic techniques. Additionally, this method may be permuted to accommodate most major cations.
Asymptotic stabilization with group‐wise sparse input based on control Lyapunov function approach
Authors: Yamashita Yuh , Sakano Kiminori , Kobayashi Koichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a novel stabilizing controller for nonlinear systems using group‐wise sparse inputs. The input variables are divided into several groups. In the situations when the input constraints can be ignored, one input becomes active for each group at each moment. Our method improves energy efficiency, as sparse input vectors often reduce the standby power of inactive actuators. Large‐scale systems, such as those consisting of multiple subsystems, often require the manipulation of multiple inputs simultaneously to be controlled. Our method can be applied to such systems due to the group‐wise sparsity of the inputs. The proposed controller is based on the control Lyapunov function approach and includes Sontag's universal formula as a special case. The controllers designed in our method have best‐effort property, which means even when a restriction for the decreasing rate of the Lyapunov function cannot be fulfilled, the controller minimizes the time derivative of the Lyapunov function within the input constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed method can be confirmed through simulations.
The effects of soil solarization and application of a Trichoderma biocontrol agent on soil fungal and prokaryotic communities
Authors: Funahashi Fumiaki , Myrold David D. , Parke Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil solarization and biological control are two management strategies that have been used globally to manage soil‐borne plant pathogens. However, the broader effects of these strategies on soil microbial communities have not been well described. Soil prokaryotic and fungal communities were investigated by environmental DNA amplicon sequencing as part of field trials conducted in San Rafael, CA, and in Corvallis, OR. We examined microbial community changes following soil solarization, amendment with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum (TA), or solarization followed by application of the biocontrol agent. Soil solarization caused significant changes to prokaryotic and fungal communities by reducing species richness and diversity. Soil water potential was determined to be a significant factor affecting the prokaryotic community. Application of TA to solarized or nonsolarized soil did not significantly alter the microbial communities. However, solarization resulted in diminished microbial densities that appeared to enhance subsequent establishment of the biocontrol agent. This study revealed how specific environmental variables of heat intensity and soil moisture contribute to changes in the abundance of individual taxa and taxonomic groups.
In Situ Liquid Electrochemical TEM Investigation of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 Thin Film Cathode for Micro‐Battery Applications
Authors: Bhatia Ankush , Cretu Sorina , Hallot Maxime , Folastre Nicolas , Berthe Maxime , Troadec David , Roussel Pascal , Pereira‐Ramos Jean‐Pierre , Baddour‐Hadjean Rita , Lethien Christophe , Demortière Arnaud 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicro‐batteries are attractive miniaturized energy devices for new Internet of Things applications, but the lack of understanding of their degradation process during cycling hinders improving their performance. Here focused ion beam (FIB)‐lamella from LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LMNO) thin‐film cathode is in situ cycled in a liquid electrolyte inside an electrochemical transmission electron microscope (TEM) holder to analyze structural and morphology changes upon (de)lithiation processes. A high‐quality electrical connection between the platinum (Pt) current collector of FIB‐lamella and the microchip's Pt working electrode is established, as confirmed by local two‐probe conductivity measurements. In situ cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments show two redox activities at 4.41 and 4.58/4.54 V corresponding to the Ni2+/3+ and Ni3+/4+ couples, respectively. (S)TEM investigations of the cycled thin‐film reveal formation of voids and cracks, loss of contact with current collector, and presence of organic decomposition products. The 4D STEM ASTAR technique highlights the emergence of an amorphization process and a decrease in average grain size from 20 to 10 nm in the in situ cycled electrode. The present findings, obtained for the first time through the liquid electrochemical TEM study, provide several insights explaining the capacity fade of the LMNO thin‐film cathode typically observed upon cycling in a conventional liquid electrolyte.
Bioinspired Materials for Energy Storage
Authors: Mei Jun , Liao Ting , Peng Hong , Sun Ziqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNature offers a variety of interesting structures and intriguing functions for researchers to be learnt for advanced materials innovations. Recently, bioinspired materials have received intensive attention in energy storage applications. Inspired by various natural species, many new configurations and components of energy storage devices, such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, have been designed and innovated. The bioinspired designs on energy devices, such as electrodes and electrolytes, have brought about excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties compared to the counterparts at their conventional forms. In this review, the design principles for bioinspired materials ranging from structures, synthesis, and functionalization to multi‐scale ordering and device integration are first discussed, and then a brief summary is given on the recent progress on bioinspired materials for energy storage systems, particularly the widely studied rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, a critical review on the current challenges and brief perspective on the future research focuses are proposed. It is expected that this review can offer some insights into the smart energy storage system design by learning from nature.
Label‐Free and In Situ Identification of Cells via Combinational Machine Learning Models
Authors: Xue Yun‐fan , He Yang , Wang Jing , Ren Ke‐feng , Tian Pu , Ji Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCell identification and counting in living and coculture systems are crucial in cell interaction studies, but current methods primarily rely on complicated and time‐consuming staining techniques. Here, a label‐free method to precisely recognize, identify, and instantly count cells in situ in coculture systems via combinational machine learning models s presented. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model is first used to generate virtual images of cell nuclei based on unlabeled phase‐contrast images. Coordinates of all the cells are then returned according to the virtual nucleus images using two clustering algorithms. Finally, phase‐contrast images of single cells are cropped based on the coordinates and sent into another CNN model for cell‐type identification. This combinational approach is highly automatic and efficient, which requires few to no manual annotations of images in the training phase. It shows practical performance in different cell culture conditions including cell ratios, densities, and substrate materials, having great potential in real‐time cell tracking and analyzing.
Economic supply chain management of advanced manufacturing industry based on blockchain technology
Authors: Zhang Erni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdvanced manufacturing industry is the core of modern manufacturing industry, which is related to the overall situation of the whole national economic and social development. This study mainly discusses the advanced manufacturing economic supply chain management under the blockchain (BC) technology. The smart contract function in the BC will strengthen the execution of credit agreements between enterprises. In the application scenario of smart contract, as long as one party performs its economic activities, the system will force the other party to perform the contract directly, which improves the credibility of all parties in the chain and reduces the risk of default. To avoid false trade, commercial factoring risk management, one is to establish a cooperative relationship with banks. The second is to issue asset securitization products. Third, cooperate with internet financial platform. In 2018, under the background of slower growth in operating income, the balance of accounts receivable of enterprises fell more, and 2019 performance it began to pick up, and the substantial increase in operating income has also brought about a substantial increase in accounts receivable. Since then, operating income has maintained a rapid growth rate, but the balance of accounts receivable has not increased significantly, but has decreased slightly. After the implementation of supply chain financing, the proportion of accounts receivable of B advanced manufacturing company in operating revenue has decreased from 23.17% in 2018 to 13.45% in 2020. The implementation of supply chain financing designed in this study helps advanced manufacturing companies to control the balance of accounts receivable.