bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Defects of Peripheral T Cells in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Liu Xiaoju , Zhao Juanjuan , Wang Haiyan , Wang Wan , Su Xu , Liao Xuejiao , Zhang Shuye , Sun Jian , Zhang Zheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The relatively low partial pressure of oxygen, reduced oxygen saturation, and aberrant plasma metabolites in COVID-19 may alter energy metabolism in peripheral immune cells. However, little is known regarding the immunometabolic defects of T cells in COVID-19 patients, which may contribute to the deregulated immune functions of these cells. In this study, we longitudinally characterized the metabolic profiles of resting and activated T cells from acutely infected and convalescent COVID-19 patients by flow cytometry and confirmed the metabolic profiles with a Seahorse analyzer. Non–COVID-19 and healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. We found that ex vivo T cells from acutely infected COVID-19 patients were highly activated and apoptotic and displayed more extensive mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction, especially cells in CD8+ T cell lineages, than those from convalescent COVID-19 patients or healthy controls, but slightly disturbed mitochondrial metabolic activity was observed in non–COVID-19 patients. Importantly, plasma IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels positively correlated with mitochondrial mass and negatively correlated with fatty acid uptake in T cells from COVID-19 patients. Additionally, compared with those from healthy controls, in vitro–activated T cells from acutely infected COVID-19 patients showed signs of lower glycolysis, a reduced glycolytic capacity, and a decreased glycolytic reserve, accompanied by lower activation of mTOR signaling. Thus, newly identified defects in T cell mitochondrial metabolic functions and metabolic reprogramming upon activation might contribute to immune deficiency in COVID-19.
Surfing over Masked Distress
Authors: Oluwole Lateef Olutoyin , Obadeji Adetunji , Dada Mobolaji Usman 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
The Internet has become an integral part of our lives and tool for social interaction and communication and it is becoming worrisome; Internet use among students is assuming a dimension of profound preoccupation over other activities of daily living. Internet addiction (IA) may raise risk for sleep problem, and contribute to the development of some psychiatric disorders and worsening mental health. The aim of this study was to study the interrelationship between IA and psychological well-being of medical students.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Ekiti State University College of Medicine among both preclinical and clinical medical students. The study population was the entire medical students. A total of 129 study participants (86 clinical and 43 preclinical students) were purposively enrolled, 83 males and 46 females. Data were collected from the students using a questionnaire that comprised four components: (i) Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, (ii) Young IA Test (YIAT), (iii) World Health Organization Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and (iv) Insomnia Severity Index.

Results:
About half (51.9%) of the students who engaged the Internet dwelled on social media. Moreover, the least reason for using the Internet was for their academic assignments. Twenty-two (17.1%) of the participants scored below the minimum score for addiction on YIAT. This study revealed a statistically insignificant negative correlation between the pairs of IA score and mental well-being (r = −121, P = 0.198) and alcohol use and mental well-being (r = −0.10, P = 0.279). There existed a statistically significant positive correlation between IA and insomnia (r = 0.320, P = 0.000) and IA and alcohol use (r = 0.428, P = 0.000). There was an insignificant positive relationship between alcohol use and insomnia (r = 0.072, P = 0.414).

Conclusion:
IA and its associated problems among students would require earnest intervention to curb problematic use in order to attain good mental well-being.
Production, purification, and characterization of α-amylase from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium expansum using cassava peels as substrate
Authors: Aisien E.T. , Igbinosa I.H. 
Published: May 2021

Cassava peels are waste generated from cassava processing and are mostly disposed of in Nigeria by dumping indiscriminately in landfills/waste dumps where they remain as huge mounds and constitute nuisance to the environment. This study was carried out using cassava peels as substrate for the production of α – amylase from three fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum) selected from twelve microbial isolates obtained from biodegrading cassava peels. The fungi were isolated using cassava peel agar medium and the α – amylase was produced by the solid state fermentation process. The α – amylase was assayed by measuring the decrease in staining power of starch with iodine reagent at 620nm and purified by using Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex C-50. The α – amylase was characterized by examining the effect of temperature, stability at 70oC, pH, substrate concentration, metal ions and EDTA. The results show that the purification fold and specific activity were 95.727, 1.053 Units/mg protein; 81.830, 0.982 Units/mg protein and 85.784, 0.686 Units/mg protein for A. flavus, A. niger and P. expansum respectively. The optimum temperature and pH were 45oC and 4.5 respectively. It was observed that the α – amylase still retained some activity after heating at 70oC for 35 min. The α – amylase activity increased with increase in substrate concentration and metal ion concentration (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) but decreased with increase in heavy metal ion concentration (Hg2+ and Pb2+) and EDTA.
Key words: Cassava peels, α – amylase, fungi, starch and Sephadex C – 50.
Evidence of purifying selection in exon 3 of interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF-5) gene in Nigerian indigenous chickens
Authors: Durosaro S.O. , Ozoje M.O. , Adebambo A.O. , Onagbesan O.M. 
Published: May 2021

Immune genes are under acute selective pressure in order to resist pathogenic attacks. It is not really clear the type of selective force that acts on immune genes because of diverse pathogen load and host population density, so this experiment studied the selective force acting on exon 3 of IRF-5 gene in Nigerian indigenous chickens. DNA was extracted from 90 Nigerian indigenous chickens and exon 3 of IRF-5 gene was sequenced. The region was tested for deviation from neutrality using DnaSP. The Mean non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (dN) and mean synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (dS) were calculated to predict likely selective force/event acting on the region using HyPhy software implemented inside MEGA6 software. All the test of neutrality indices obtained for exon 3 of IRF-5 gene in Nigerian indigenous chickens were greater than 1 except Tajima’s D value of normal feather chickens (0.93) and Fu’s Fs value of naked neck chickens (0.71). The dN of 0.00 and negative dS were estimated for exon 3 of IRF-5 gene in all the three genotypes. This study therefore concluded that purifying selective forces are acting on exon 3 of IRF-5 gene in Nigerian indigenous chickens.
Keywords: Chickens, co-evolution, immunity, pathogens, selection.
Mycoflora and Aflatoxin Levels in Stale Retailed Pepper Sold in Abeokuta Nigeria
Authors: Oni E.O. , Adebajo L.O. , Badmos A.O. , Adeleye T.M. , Oyeyipo F.M. , Adebiyi G.E. 
Published: May 2021

Fungi constitute a major problem in the production, storage and processing of agricultural products, recent concern about the consumption of stale retail pepper in Abeokuta necessitated the need to determine the fungal population and also to quantify Aflatoxin produced by the fungi. Fungi species were isolated from 20 pepper samples (Capsicum annum) bought from different markets in Abeokuta using standard microbiological procedures and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the aflatoxin present. Isolated fungi were Aspergillus flavus (55%), Mucor sp (10%), Sacharomyces cerevisiae (20%), Aspergillus fumigatus , Rhizopus sp and Penicillium sp (5%) respectively. Results shows that fourteen of the pepper samples had no detectable aflatoxin and the aflatoxin content in the remaining six samples was 23ng/kg, 18 ng/kg, 15 ng/kg, 9 ng/kg, 6 ng/kg and 2 ng/kg,. five of these samples had aflatoxin content above the European Union maximum tolerance level of 5ng/kg. The presence of toxin producing Aspergillus flavus capable of causing food poisoning raises concern over public health risks that may be associated with the consumption of stale pepper.
Keywords: Aflatoxin, Fungal contamination, Capsicum annum, stale foods, High Performance Liquid chromatography, public health
Antibacterial activities of sawdust and stem bark of Sasswood tree (Erythrophleum suaveolens, Guill. & Perr. Brenan, 1917) extracts against selected wood bacteria
Authors: Ekhuemelo D.O. , Ekhuemelo C. , Tembe E.T. 
Published: May 2021

This study assessed the antibacterial properties of sawdust and stem bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens extracts on selected wood bacteria. Erythrophleum suaveolens samples were collected, dried and macerated by dissolving 1 Kg and 0.60 Kg of stem bark and sawdust respectively into 1 L of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Sporfloxacin ciprofloxacin and cefuroxine antibiotics were used as control. The mixture was left for 24 hours then filtered and the filtrates evaporated to dryness. Qualitative phytochemical screening, zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MIC/MBC) were determined according to standard methods. Tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates anthraquinones and alkaloids phytochemicals were present in E. suaveolens extracts. Zone of inhibition (32 – 37 mm) of antibiotics on test bacteria compared favourably with 17 – 24 mm of E. suaveolens extracts. Erythrophleum suaveolens ethyl acetate and methanol E. suaveolens extracts inhibited Staphylolococus aureus, Ralstonia solanacearum, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecium and Acidobacterium capsulatum growth at MIC of 10 mg/mL and n-hexane extracts at 20 mg/mL. At MBC of 20 mg/mL methanol stem bark extract completely killed most test bacteria. Methanol extracts were the most active extracts. The study has shown that E. suaveolens extracts can be explored in the control of plant diseases caused by test bacteria in the study.
Key words: Antibacterial, E. suaveolens, extract, phytochemicals, zone of inhibition
STUDENTS’ MALFEASANCE ACTS, CONSEQUENCES AND ADMINISTRATIVE APPROACHES IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Nkedishu Victor Chukwubueze 
Published: May 2021

<p>This study examined students’ malfeasance acts, consequences and administrative approaches in public secondary schools, Delta State. It was guided by four research questions and four hypotheses. The study design was ex-post-facto of the descriptive survey technique. A sample of 238 was selected from a population of 476 principals in Delta State secondary schools applying stratified sampling method. Instrument entitled ‘Students’ Malfeasance Acts, Consequences and Administrative Approaches Questionnaire (SMACAAQ) was utilized in the study and its validity was established though face and content validity. Data gathered were analysed with the use of mean rating, standard deviation, ranking and t-test at significance level of 0.05. Findings revealed that perpetual lateness to school, inviting their friends to create conflict in school, oppressing fellow students, coming to school with dangerous weapon were some profiles of malfeasance acts in public secondary schools, Delta State. Letting students know the consequence of malfeasance acts on their academic achievement and society, use well-behaved students to give example, let students know the rewards for being well-behaved were some administrative approaches to curb students’ malfeasance acts in public secondary schools, Delta State. It is recommended that upon admission, students should be issued a handbook which contains rules and regulations of the school, this will help students understand what constitute malfeasance behaviour and avoid them. Orientation should be organised for students from time to time where they will be informed on consequence of malfeasance acts on their academic achievement and society at large.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0754/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULA IN THE CONTEXT OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN TURKEY: GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND DEVELOPMENT PLANS
Authors: Şiraz Fadıl , Bay Erdal 
Published: May 2021

The education process in school is organized by the curriculum. Curricula aim to raise citizens in accordance with the needs and political structure of the country. Among the curricula, social studies curriculum (SSC) be shown as a curriculum that can be most affected by political foundations. Because in social studies, issues such as democracy, human rights, government style, human rights, rights and responsibilities are directly related to politics. In this study, government programs (GP) and development plans (DP) in Turkey, which are one of the main political tools that affect social studies curriculum politically, have been analyzed. In this study, the 1998, 2005 and 2018 SSCs; the 55th, 59th and 65th GPs and 7th, 8th and 10th DPs in Turkey were analyzed using the document review method. This study was designed with a case study from qualitative research methods. Content analysis method was used in analyzing the data. As a result, it is concluded that GPs and DPs affect the social SSCs in some aspects.<p> </p><p>Okulda eğitim süreci programla düzenlenir. Eğitim programları ülkenin ihtiyaçlarına ve politik yapısına uygun vatandaşlar yetiştirmeyi hedefler. Programlardan soysal bilgiler öğretim programları içerik olarak politik temellerden en fazla etkilenebilecek bir program olarak gösterilebilir. Çünkü sosyal bilgilerde içerikte demokrasi, insan hakları, yönetim biçimi, haklar ve sorumluluklar gibi konular doğrudan politika ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu araştırmada sosyal bilgiler öğretim programlarını politik olarak etkileyen, temel politik araçlardan olan, hükümet programları ve kalkınma planları analiz edilmiştir. 1998, 2005 ve 2018 sosyal bilgiler öğretim programları; 55, 59 ve 65. Hükümet programları ve 7, 8 ve 10. kalkınma planları doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması ile desenlenmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak hükümet programları ve kalkınma planlarının sosyal bilgiler öğretim programını bazı hususlarda etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0746/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Script Terhadap Hasil Belajar PAK Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 3 Sipoholon Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Zai Irwan Putra 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of Cooperative Script learning models on PAK learning outcomes of grade IX students of SMP Negeri 3 Sipoholon. Correlational research of Descriptive and Inferential Statistics techniques. The population of all class IX Christians is 108 people. The sample uses Purposive Sampling technique that is class IX-A students totaling 35 people. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire variable X and test variable Y. The results of the analysis of the value of rxy = 0.553 r table = 0.334 and tcount = 3.813 t table = 2.042 showed a relationship and obtained the significance of a simple regression equation, i.e. This study concludes that there is a positive and significant effect of Cooperative Script learning models on the learning outcomes of PAK students of grade IX SMP Negeri 3 Sipoholon by 30.58%. Keywords: Cooperative Script Learning Model, Christian Religious Education Learning Outcomes.
PENGGUNAAN ANSAMBEL ARAMBA PADA UPACARA ADAT PERNIKAHAN MASYARAKAT NIAS DI DESA OMBOLATA ULU KOTAMADYA GUNUNGSITOLI
Authors: Zai Chintya Claudya 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan musik tradisional Nias ansambel aramba pada upacara adat pernikahan masyarakat Nias di Desa ombolata Ulu dan untuk mengetahui struktur musikal dalam musik tradisional Nias ansambel aramba.Pendekatan yang penulis lakukan adalah dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Adapun proses kerja yang dilakukan yaitu pengamatan, wawancara, dokumentasi, (termasuk pustaka online), perekaman kegiatan, transkripsi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan informasi melalui penelitian di lapangan untuk memperoleh hasil yang diolah menjadi data asli.Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aramba adalah suatu ansambel dan seperangkat alat musik yang terdiri dari 1 buah gӧndra (membranophone), 2 buah faritia (idiophone), dan 1-3 buah aramba (idiophone). Alat musik tersebut dimainkan secara bersamaan sesuai pola yang berlaku bagi masyarakat Nias, dimana faritia dibunyikan terlebih dahulu kemudian masuk gӧndra di bar ketiga, dan setelah itu masuk aramba. Alat musik tersebut dimainkan oleh 6-8 orang pemain, dimana masing-masing terdiri dari 2 orang yang memainkan gӧndra, 2 orang yang memainkan faritia, dan 1-3 orang yang memainkan aramba. Dari segi struktur musikal maka seperangkat aramba tidak mempunyai alat musik pembawa melodi. Seperangkat aramba hanya terdiri dari alat musik ritme, sekalipun pada kedua faritia tersebut terdapat 2 nada yang berbeda. Ketiga alat musik tersebut memberikan kesan yang bewarna dan bervariatif, sekalipun tidak ada alat musik yang bersifat pembawa melodi di dalam ansambel tersebut. Pada repertoar mamözi aramba dalam konteks perkawinan, mayoritas cara bermain seperangkat aramba sama. Hanya yang membedakannya adalah syair höli-höli nya. Walaupun berbeda syair, namun bentuk dan jenis mamözi aramba tersebut pun tetap sama. Repertoar mamözi aramba pada upacara perkawinan mempunyai tempo moderato yaitu sedang. Kata Kunci : Penggunaan, Ansambel Aramba, Pernikahan Masyarakat Nias
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN SERTIFIKASI GURU TERHADAP MINAT STUDI LANJUT MAHASISWA PROGRAM PENINGKATAN KUALIFIKASI SEMESTER II DI STAKPN TARUTUNG TAHUN AKADEMIK 2016/2017
Authors: Simatupang Ronny 
Published: May 2021

AbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara Pelaksanaan Sertifikasi Guru terhadap Minat Peningkatan Kualifikasi. Hasil analisa data menunjukan: 1) r hitung lebih besar dari r tabel (0,726 lebih besar dari 0,381); 2) Uji signifikan hubungan diperoleh t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel sebesar 5,274 lebih besar dari 1 ,703; 3) Persamaan regresi linier diperoleh Ÿ = 16,889 + 0,245X; 4) Besarnya pengaruh antara pelaksanaan sertifikasi guru terhadap minat studi lanjut mahasiswa program peningkatan kualifikasi dipengaruhi oleh pelaksanaan sertifikasi guru sebesar 52,6% dan sebagian lagi dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain; 5) Uji signifikan pengaruh F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel pada taraf = 0,05 (31,60 lebih besar dari 4,17).Kata Kunci : Sertifikasi guru, Minat Studi Lanjut
Effect of Educational Sessions Regarding Women Reproductive Rights on Student Nurse Theoretical Achievement, Attitude and Satisfaction
Authors: Ashry Fatma K. , Abo Shabana Kamilia R. , Abdel Ati Inaam H. , Ali Maha R. 
Published: May 2021

Context: Women's reproductive rights are a nursing concern that is considered of vital importance and has widespread implications on the health, wellbeing, and development of the entire population.
Aim: Investigate the effect of educational sessions regarding women's reproductive rights on student nurses' theoretical achievement, attitude, and satisfaction, at the Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University.
Methods: Quasi-experimental research (Pre-test/post-test) design was used to achieve the aim of this study. A purposive sample of 92 female nursing students in the third and fourth academic year was recruited in this study. Data collection tools included a structured interviewing questionnaire, women reproductive rights attitude assessment scale, and women reproductive rights satisfaction scale.
Results: A statistically significant improvement was observed among the studied sample theoretical achievement post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. A significant improvement was observed among the studied sample attitude post-intervention compared to pre-intervention, and the majority of the students were satisfied with the application of educational sessions regarding women's rights.
Conclusions: The present study's hypothesis was supported. The student nurse who attended the educational session regarding women's reproductive rights has improved the theoretical achievement and attitude compared to their pre-intervention levels. The present study recommended integrating Egyptian women's reproductive rights into the curriculum of the undergraduate, postgraduate student nurses at the faculty of Nursing at Port Said University. A replication of the current study was also suggested in another setting and on another sampling.
A study on the effect of occupational stress on job performance in the nursing staff of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Surendranagar district
Authors: Joshi Krupal , Sochaliya Kishor , Modi Bhautik , Sharma Lokesh , Singh Snehil , Kartha Girija P 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Occupational stress is a health hazard to the individual worker both physically and psychologically. Research for the past years shows that, signs of occupational stress appear to be rising amongst nursing profession. The ability of nurses to appropriately handle stress while on duty may have a significant impact on individual outcomes, especially job performance. Objective: This study was conducted to measure the work-related stress and its association with the job performance among nurses. Methods: A pilot study was done and prevalence of work related stress was 13 % on the basis of which sample size was calculated which was 102 (in open epi). The 102 nurses were selected randomly from a tertiary care teaching hospital of Surendranagar district. The data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire which included questionnaires on demographic variables, level of work stress and job performance. Results: The findings of the study revealed that moderate and severe level of work stress was present in 53% and 45% of nurses respectively. The mean job stress score was found to be higher among younger nurses than those of more than 40 years. There was a negative relationship between job stress and job performance (r = −0.01) among staff nurses. Conclusion: Based on study findings, it was concluded that all the nurses were suffering from mild to severe level of work stress. and it was negatively correlated with the job performance of the nurses. Hence, it is recommended that corrective measures may be planned by the authority to reduce the work stress of nurses to improve the job performance.
Grids for Graphic Designers
Authors: Ambrose Gavin , Harris Paul 
Published: May 2021

Fully updated, the third edition of Grids for Graphic Designers explores this important tool which is part of every designer's practice - whether it involves digital or print-based media. With over 200 illustrations plus six new interviews with design practitioners such as Second Story, Brody Associates and Peter Dawson, the student is introduced to the creative use of grids in contemporary practice as well as the basic principles that underlie their effective use.
Written and designed by best-selling authors Gavin Ambrose and Paul Harris, this clear and concise introduction to the use of grids in design covers all the basics and the expanded section of activities and exercises allows students to implement what they have learned.