bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of D/d ratio on stir zone formation and properties of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of AA5086 and AA6061 aluminum alloys
Authors: PradeepRamakrishnan N , Balasubramanian V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A well-known method known as Friction stir welding (FSW) is used for combining materials that are distinct from each other. In FSW, a profiled spinning shoulder shifts between sheets of the sections that are to be connected. Heat is produced due to the friction between the base and the tool shoulder when the tool is turning along the weld line. In contrast to fusion welding processes, the heat produced is lower. In these works, the effect of macro/microstructures characterization and the tensile characteristics of the dissimilar AA5086 and AA606I aluminum alloys on the ratio of tool shoulder diameter and tool pin diameter (D/d) used in the FSW were explored. This study shows the superior tensile characteristics on welding components in contrast to the counters made of the sealing units made using a tool profile of threaded cylinders, a 1 ° tool tilting angle, tool rotation speed of 1100 rpm, the welding speed of 22 mm/min and the shoulder diameter is 21 mm. Further, the joints fabricated using threaded cylinder tool profile exhibited superior macro structure compared to its counter parts.
Cylindrical grinding - experimental investigation and Taguchi study of process parameters on EN31 and mild steel
Authors: Deva Prasad S. , Vishai S. , Vishwa Sai P. , Bhargav K. , Rohith K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cylindrical grinding, a secondary machining operation, a finishing operation in the manufacturing industry across the world. The volume of removed material over a given time (MRR) and quality of the surface (Roughness) obtained are the two important characteristics that investigated by researchers with respect to output responses from the process in understanding product quantity and quality. These two output parameters, any machining operation, are primarily important in consumer perspective vis-à-vis manufacturer. In this investigation, experiments are conducted and analyzed to arrive at the optimal grinding conditions/parameters in cylindrical grinding. The outcome of the machining will have a good surface quality by removing maximum material; confirming ovality and cylindricity of the specimen made from EN31 and Mild Steel. Taguchi DOE recommendations are considered in investigating the influence of input process parameters i.e. speed, feed, and depth of cut on machining outcome. Regression module in Minitab is used to apply a linear fit which is a general/simple recommendation for the parameters in order to understand the influence of these parameters on the expected outcome i.e., the maximum volume of material removed and to achieve a better surface finish with a minimum value of deviations in ovality (circularity) and cylindricity of the machined component by conducting experiments on a general-purpose cylindrical grinding machine.
Experimental investigation of different cutting conditions in turning of Inconel 718
Authors: Divya Ch , Suvarna Raju L , Singaravel B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Metal cutting or machining is a backbone of manufacturing industries. During metal cutting process heat generated has to be removed with cutting fluid. Commonly used cutting fluid is hydrocarbon oil based but it contributes to environmental imbalance and the ill health of the operator. Solid lubrication is a good alternative to conventional cutting fluid. Turning process is carried out on Inconel 718 in the present work with solid lubricants filled in parallel, perpendicular and cross direction textured cutting inserts. The two solid lubricants used are Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) and Tungsten Disulphide (WS2).Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used to perform experiments and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method is used to identify the effect of each process parameter on the output. Solid lubricants are inherently solid as lubricant material but will become smooth due to frictional heat at point of contact. The result uncovered that a persistent film of solid lubricant is formed on the facet of the tool because of the heat produced due to thermal expansion. This film layer may knock down the friction in the machining zone. Among all, perpendicular direction textured cutting inserts have reduced friction and good surface finish is obtained. Compared with MoS2, WS2 has shown better results in terms of surface finish.
Integrated Fuzzy Criteria Evaluation with Metaheuristic Optimization for Green Supplier Selection and Order Allocation
Authors: Niranjan. T , Singaravel B. , Srinivasulu Raju S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present growing competitive environment, it’s essential for a company to select the best supplier because company performance not only depends on its internal efforts but also on supplier’s performance. Due to growing environmental issues & increased awareness among public, and stricter environmental laws imposed by the government made the companies consider environmental sustainability matters while selecting suppliers. If in case suppliers have any capacity constraint or any other constraints, then complexity in selecting suppliers who fulfill both company’s demand and standards increases. Information from the literature review and through the opinion of experts, the effort has been made to find essential criteria for the evaluation and at the same time for the selection of a green supplier. For the same an integrated decision-making tool, on the basis of fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy DEMATEL has been presented to show the procedure for the selection of the best supplier. Due to vagueness in human judgment fuzzy concept has been used. A MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) has been proposed which shows how order can be allocated in multiple sourcing environments. Modeling a supply chain network for multi product flow in different demand scenarios and solving the problem using a novel meta-heuristic algorithm like Teacher-learner-based-optimization (TLBO) is the major contribution of this work.
A novel approach on properties of internal curing concrete and impact of salts
Authors: Kastro Kiran V , Karthik Chary T , Jayaram M , Sindhu B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The curing process for massive and inaccessible structures is troublesome. To overcome this difficulty and to reduce the evaporation by increasing the performance of mechanical properties, the process of internal curing is the superlative method. This research is aimed to investigate the mechanical and salt properties of Internal Cured Concrete prepared using Polyethylene Gylcol - 600. M25 grade concrete is prepared at various proportions of PEG viz., 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by cement weight. The average maximum compression and flexural strengths were observed at 2% of PEG solution, while the maximum split tension strength was recorded at 1.5% of PEG. NaCl, KCl solutions are used to investigate the influence of salts. The specimens were prepared by utilising the mix that resulted the maximum compressive strength. The specimens are then immersed in both salts for 14 days and the results are evaluated. It was observed that, both the chemicals have shown hostile effect on concrete prepared using PEG-600 solution resulting in deterioration.
Design and Analysis of Coax-Fed U-Slot Antenna for Wireless Applications
Authors: Midasala Vasujadevi , Nagakishore Bhavanam S , suresh kumar K , Sekar M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper a multi frequency U-slot patch antenna for wireless applications is presented. The proposed antenna operates at four frequencies of 1.4GHz, 5.3GHz, 6GHz and 6.9GHz with return loss of -19dB, -22.50dB, -21.05dB, -19.37dB respectively. The antenna is designed with Rogers R04232 substrate with dielectric constant of 3.2 and dielectric loss 0.043 with dimensions of 47 × 54 × 1.5 mm3. Coaxial feed technique is used as a feed to the antenna which is having characteristic impedance 50 ohm. The simulation studies were carried out using Ansys HFSS 15.0 Software.
Obstacle detection using embedded platform – An experimental platform
Authors: Kiran Kumar D , Athina Dhanaraju , Shankar V , Reddy Navabharat , Vittal K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The research work is about obstacle detection using embedded platform with ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. The working principle of the experimental setup is when embedded board powers then ultrasonic sensor starts detecting the objects which is attached with dc servo motor which is also rotating about 180 degrees. When there is a object or motion caused by any object identified in the path of the ultrasonic sensor vision, it detects the particular object and also calculated the distance in cms and direction view. The embedded board used is arduino controller which controls the ultrasonic sensor and servo motor and the software used to show the graphical representation is Processing IDE which calculates the angle, position of the object, length of the object. The application of this project comes where required different fields of navigation, mapping, positioning the object, and tracking with less cost, more efficient and reliable.
A Hybrid Unmanned Arieal Vehicle With A Rover For Disaster Rescue Management Operation
Authors: Oommen Sujo , Nair Aditya Dileep , Mandi Dr. Rajashekar P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present invention proposed in this paper is a multi-role UAV with in-built Rover for Disaster Rescue Management (DRM) operation. As we know, Disaster Rescue operation are very complex, difficult and time consuming. The loss of human life during such operations after a disaster has been an area of concern for various organizations. In places with heavy rainfall and bad weather, DRM operation becomes an uphill task. The proposed invention is a hybrid UAV with an in-built Rover capable of image capturing with live feeds to the remote central station and thermal image capturing capability. The system is built such that, in case of heavy debris and landslide where Rover operation can’t be initiated at starting due to blockage of path for rover to move, the UAV is initiated and the Rover takes over when is clear path is visible. The device is equipped with GPS (Global Positioning System) with sends the location to the central system or remote command Centre whenever the image capturing system detects a heat signature through thermal imaging. In case of GPS failure, the system is developed with secondary back up which drops a sensors marker which the remote unit can track. The system proposed here is developed with an aim of reducing the loss of human life and increase effective DRM operation which reduces the time taken for search and rescue operation.
A Switchable Polarization Slotted WLAN Antenna with DGS for IOT and Medical Applications
Authors: Sreenivasa Rao D. , Govardhani Dr. I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work a 20 X 35 X 0.8 mm3 rectangular polarization reconfigurable antenna with four slots made at the corners of the patch. These four slots give the appropriate extra modes for circular polarization. Switching between LP and CP can be achieved using a PIN diode which is inserted across an L-shaped slit in the plane of the ground. The designed antenna is optimized and analyzed through simulations. The axial ratio (< 3 dB) bandwidth and impedance bandwidth (< -10 dB) are overlapped from 5.15 to 6.25 GHz (19.3%). The prototype antenna is tested for both states of the diode (forward and reverse bias). The working band covers the wireless local area network (IEEE 802.11a) band (5150 – 5350 MHz, 5725 – 5825 MHz) and HIPERLAN band (5450 – 5725 MHz) and a favorable compromise between simulated and tested outcomes. The omnidirectional radiation diagrams of the antenna are suitable for wireless portable medical devices.
An optimized Energy Cost Analysis using Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithm for the autonomous Microgrid
Authors: Sreeramulu Mahesh G. , Gnanatheja Rakesh. V , Dilli Babu G. , Selvaraj P. , Ranjit P.S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the significance of Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithm is proposed for determining the effective cost analysis of power generation with respective to the load demand in microgrids. There are many conventional algorithms are developed in the past to evaluate the cost analysis with system constraints, however, they are complex and time consumed. Also, these algorithms are mainly used for conventional systems and are not suitable for microgrids. To overcome these disadvantages, a simple Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithm is used to define the cost analysis effectively. The features of these algorithms are eaisly adapted and incorporated with the objectives of Demand Side Management stratigies in microgrids. In addition, the correlation and an Artificial Bee Colony Optimization technique is proposed between the variables of PV and Wind turbine to obtain the highly accurate power generation samples with respect to the load demands. The analysis of optimization and Fuzzy algorithms are developed using MATLAB Simulation software and the cost analysis are shown for different load variations.
Digitalized Dust Alert System for Asthma Patients and their Care Takers
Authors: Dinesh Kumar N , Uma Madduri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bronchial allergies can be a lifestyle-wide continual disease starting to unusual breathing organ abilities in addition to problem in respiration. Nowadays, persistent coronary heart failure has turn out to be an extreme hassle in fact. This takes place while coronary heart muscular tissue gets weakened, will become prone and in the end interferes with the all-herbal pumping interest of heart. This is slowly influencing an ever-developing population market, culminating in standing up for one of the good sized motives of a hospital life for elderly residents. Asthma remains associated with significant preventable medical complications and mortality. Asthma is a life time chronic disease that leads to anomalous functions and difficulty in breathing. In this work, a complete as well as integrated health care version is defined allowing Chronic Cardiac arrest clients every day accumulates vital warning signs in your own home and in addition sends them the use of Internet of Things (IoT). Internet of things (IoT) is a network based on the physical systems that can be exhibited in the form of typical embedded system including electronic devices such as sensors. The connectivity of the items can make it feasible for those artifacts to alert in addition to amassing data. Self-monitoring allows doctors/physicians and patients to have control over real time monitoring and to provide on-time treatment. Portable monitoring different input sensors like temperature, humidity, heartbeat, air quality are used to measure readings, and audio speakers, LCD display, Raspberry pi, WiFi server are used to monitor patients health and alerting authority person or physicians frequently through IOT Server. The design shows that using sensors and IOT servers on mobile phones, we can have sufficient and real time monitoring of the symptoms of the asthma patients. The real time monitoring by the doctors in combination with smart phones applications for the children and their care takers can prevent some of these deaths in real time.
Fusion of multi representation and multi descriptors for facial expression recognition
Authors: Santosh M , Sharma A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Facial Expression Recognition has become vital for efficient Human Computer Interaction. In this paper, we propose effective facial expression recognition approachfor recognizing six basic facial expressions. Our approach consists of three main phases which are: (1) face detection and pre-processing, (2) features extraction and (3) facial expression classification. The face pre-processing phase is performed using the facial landmarks. After the face is aligned and cropped, facial regions of interest (eyes, nose and mouth) are detected. In the features extraction phase, we used Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and the fusion of the two features. For the last step, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to recognize the facial expression. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we used three popular datasets which are The Extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+), The Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) and Oulu-CASIA NIR-VIS dataset (CASIA), In addition, 10 folds cross-validation scheme is used to evaluate the performance of our approach. Our proposed fusion of multi representations and multi descriptors achieves better or competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods. The accuracies of our approach are 99.18%, 95.77% and 99.09% for CK+, JAFFE and CASIA, respectively. The results prove the efficiency of our approach although the challenging conditions from one dataset to another.
Linear Scalable Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Rani Poonam , Sharma Avinash 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consisting of large number of low cost battery powered Sensor Nodes (SN’s) gaining attention of lot of researchers from past decade. Integration of SN’s with IoT devices results in large number of possible applications. Life of the network relies on the embedded battery & transmission of packets is major consumer of this limited power source. Lot of techniques exist in literature for effective utilization of this power source. This paper proposes a linear data communication scheme which can be scaled up/down as per the requirement of the application. Simulation results proves that scaling the network by increasing/decreasing nodes in same network area doesn’t impacts the lifetime of network, however if size of network is enhanced/shirked, correspondingly network life is also reduced/improved.
A Review of an Early Detection and Quantification of Osteoarthritis Severity in Knee using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Srinivasulu Raju S , Niranjan T , Pandiyan P , Sai Snehitha M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The major cause of frailty in older and overweight people is Osteoarthritis. It is a joint illness that generally influences the ligament that could be principally affects the cartilage. Cartilage is a smooth elastic tissue which makes the bones move easily, stabilizes the joint and prevents them from abrading one another. The protective cartilage in Osteoarthritis is ruptured and makes the bones rub one another, inflicting joint stiffness and excessive pain. The current system for the assessment of Osteoarthritis incorporates clinical examination and restorative imaging methods. In this project, by utilizing profound features and medical images we need to recognize and classify OA affected in knee. This can impact on the detection and classification of target area in images and cause of it the irrelevant features could be selected from the medical images. This project will moreover center on dealing the colossal quantity of image information by using high speed computing. This paper also discovers the Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for detection and classification of Osteoarthritis in descriptive and comparative manner. Hence a coordinating discourse of different location strategies, highlight extraction procedures and classification methods regarding Osteoarthritis is worn out in a logical way.
Square metallic tubular sections bonded with high strength carbon fibre sheets under compression
Authors: Sivasankar S , Ponraj Sankar L , Praveen Kumar A , Shunmugasundaram M , Nagarjun J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the strength and stiffness enhancement of square steel hollow sections wrapped by Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)strips. Main factors used were number of layers and size of the CFRP. Distances between the adjacent strips are kept constant spacing of 40 mm. According to the objective of the study, twelve hollow steel sections are wrapped by carbon fibre strips and two samples are without wrapping is kept reference for comparison. Results confirmed that the strength and stiffness are improved better for carbon fibre wrapped samples compared to unwrapped sample.
Aluminium metal matrix composites and effect of reinforcements – A Review
Authors: Saikrupa Ch. , Chandra Mohan Reddy G , Venkatesh Sriram 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A composite is a fusion of two or more different material chemically and unsolvable phases; its properties and structural concert are greater the ingredients performing homogeneous phases. ceramics and Metals, as well, can be implanted with particles, to advances their property; these mixtures are known as MMCs. Aluminum alloy compose a significant engineering material generally engaged in the aerospace industries for the production of dissimilar parts and equipments. It is due to its more strength to density fraction that it a sought after MMCs. A variety of processing technique and mechanical properties testing’s available for manufacturing the Aluminium matrix composites. The mutual reinforcement’s effect on Aluminium Metal Matrix composites with individual and multiple particulate reinforcements like Hybrid Metal matrix composites are finding better applications in aerospace industries, automobile industries, underwater, and transportation. In the current situation, a bunch of research activities were on pipe line. This review particularly directs the engineers and researchers towards right reinforcement materials selection especially hybrid composites by their properties in the appropriate field and diverse technique involved in production of metal matrix composites.
Effect of Curing Methods on Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Nandhini P V , Nivethitha M , Mohanraj A , Senthilkumar V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper three different curing techniques with variation in compressive strength of medium strength, self-compacted concrete are discussed. To achieve the mix design of medium strength self-compacting concrete initially numbers of trials were carried out. Super plasticizer of 0.7% and an internal curing agent, Superabsorbent Polymer of 0.3% together to the weight of cement were added. Once the mix design was achieved, as per ASTM standard three batches of concrete cubes were casted. Slump flow test was carried out in order to determine workability of self-compacting concrete. Concrete cube cured in a curing tank in the laboratory was taken as first batch. The second batch was cured by the application of an internal curing compound. The third batch was cured by Gunny bag Method. Three cubes were tested for compressive strength, from every batch at 7 days, 28 days and 60 days age of concrete. The split tensile strength of concrete was also considered. Graphs were drawn with analyzed results. So it was concluded that to get improved strength and sustainability of self-compacted concrete in areas with shortage of water, curing compound found to be more effective.