bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as measured by the QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay and ESAT-6 free IGRA among adolescents in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Jeremiah Kidola , Lyimo Eric , Ritz Christian , PrayGod George , Rutkowski Kathryn Tucker , Korsholm Karen Smith , Ruhwald Morten , Tait Dereck , Grewal Harleen M. S. , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is vastly higher than that of tuberculosis (TB) disease and this enormous reservoir of individuals with LTBI impacts the global TB control strategy. Adolescents are at greatest risk of TB infection and are thus an ideal target population for a potential effective TB vaccine to be added to the current BCG programme as it could reduce the number of latent infections and consequently the number of adults with TB disease. However, LTBI rates are often unknown for this population. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of LTBI and to determine if Tanzanian adolescents would be a good population for a prevention of TB infection trial.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study that recruited 193 adolescents aged 12 and 16 years from government schools and directly from the community in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected for all enrolled participants. Blood was drawn and tested using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT), and Early Secretory Antigenic Target-6–Free Interferon-gamma Release Assay (ESAT-6 free IGRA). Concordance between QFT-GIT and ESAT-6 free IGRA was evaluated using the McNemar’s test.ResultsOverall estimates of LTBI prevalence were 19.2% [95%CI, 14.1; 25.2] and 18.6% [95%CI, 13.6; 24.6] as measured by QFT-GIT IGRA and ESAT-6 free IGRA, respectively. The 16-year-old cohort had a higher LTBI prevalence (23.7% [95%CI, 16.1; 32.9]) as compared to 12-year-old cohort (14.6% [95%CI, 8.6; 22.7]) as measured by QFT-GIT IGRA. When measured by ESAT-6 Free IGRA, LTBI prevalence was 24.7% (95%CI, 16.9; 34.0) for the 16-year-old cohort and 12.5% (95%CI, 7.0; 20.3) among the 12-year-old cohort. According to both tests the prevalence of TB infection and the corresponding annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) and force of infection were high and increased with age. Of all enrolled participants, 97.4% had concordant results for QFT-GIT IGRA and ESAT-6 free IGRA (p = 0.65).ConclusionsThe prevalence of LTBI and the associated ARTI and force of infection among adolescents is high and increases with age in Mwanza Region. There was a high concordance between the QFT-GIT and the novel ESAT-6 free IGRA assays. These findings suggest Mwanza is a promising area to conduct novel TB vaccine research prevention of infection (POI) studies targeting adolescents.
Landscape in Historical Urban Textures: “Walled City Nicosia From the Past To The Present”
Authors: Köksald Esra , Turkan Zihni , Asilsoy Buket 
Published: June 2021

Historical urban textures are the whole of the open and closed public spaces with the buildings and transportation axis, shaped by the cultural heritages of cities. One of the most important elements in historical urban textures, bringing dwellers with nature, and giving life to the city, are landscape spaces. The capital of Cyprus, Nicosia, also has a very rich historical texture. Within this context, the aim of this study is to examine the landscape of the historical urban texture of Nicosia from the past to the present, within the whole of various cultural periods including the present day status. Therefore, the development of Nicosia through the historical process is given right after the introduction. After the introduction, landscape of walled city of Nicosia was examined through the historical periods: Lusignan Period, Venetian Period, Ottoman Period, British Period, Republic of Cyprus Period, and the present day period, TRNC Period.
Boron Diffusion During Carbon Steel Boriding
Authors: Shevchuk E.P. , Plotnikov V.A. , Bektasova G.S. 
Published: June 2021

Protective boride coatings are obtained by chemical-thermal treatment of powder mixtures during induction furnace heating and micro-arc chemical-thermal treatment. Their usage can significantly increase the reliability and durability of steel products. The calculated composition of the saturating charge and the welding flux used to boride steel 20 samples demonstrates that obtained boride diffusion coatings are characterized by high hardness and an extensive diffusion zone. The most optimal composition of the charge that contains iron and boric acid is found to be in the proportion of Fe-25%+H3BO3-75 %.
The analysis of the distribution of microhardness over the cross section of coated samples is carried out. The comparative data for the diffusion coefficients and the thickness of the diffusion layers obtained experimentally are presented.
The application of the discussed methods makes it possible to intensify the process of diffusion boriding and to ensure the formation of an extensive diffusion zone on the surface of carbon steel products with a high rate of hardening zone formation. The duration of the process is 5 minutes for the induction treatment and 54.05 s for micro-arc chemical-thermal surfacing. It is the main advantage of the experimental techniques mentioned above.
Multidimensional Poverty, Social Networks: Spatial Neighbourhoods on Poverty Eradication in Tumpang District, Malang Regency
Authors: Ari Ismu Rini Dwi , Waloejo Budi Soegiarto , Hariyani Septiana 
Published: June 2021

Poverty is multidimensional problem of the development that cause human difficulties in accessing public facility and infrastructure. Along with target of SDGs regarding poverty alleviation, main aims of this research are i) measure poverty level through three dimensions – health, education and standard of living of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), and ii) scrutinize influential variables of the poverty through Spatial Regression Analysis whereby physical as well as social variables are put it together in the model. This research would like to propose a set of research approach on how dealing with poverty in a certain area. Area of study is Tumpang district in Malang Regency, East Java Province consist of 15 villages, wherein at about 36,61% family are receiver of the Raskin (Beras Miskin – Poor Rice) program as one of the poverty alleviation programs in Indonesia. Both field observation as well as depth interview are conducted towards 274 head of households. Result study finds out that there are five villages which have high value of MPI in Tumpang District, namely Duwet Krajan, Duwet, Benjor, Tulusbesar and Kidal, and the two dimensions – education and living standard give significant contribution to the poverty. Next, poverty in the research area has influenced by both social relations among residents within a village as well as geographical location of the nearest neighbourhoods. Then, eradication poverty is necessary to put consideration on strengthening ‘constructive’ social relations among residents through their existence community groups.
The Impact of FDI on Economic Development: The Case of Georgia
Authors: Charaia Vakhtang , Chochia Archil , Lashkhi Mariam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
From the strategic point of view, not all foreign direct investments (FDI) are always positively benefiting the host economy, i.e. not all multinational enterprises (MnEs) are promoting local host economies. Even more, not all FDIs are equally beneficial to different sectors within the same economy. The fact is that fdi can impact different sectors in various ways, and the impact is not only based on the amount of fdi itself but on MnEs’ motivations and the peculiarities of the host economy, which can differ from country to county. in other words, only fdi numbers aggregated per year are not really giving a comprehensive picture of the situation and in many cases lead to incorrect strategic decisions, as it has happened in many countries, including Georgia.
Living by the Clock. The Introduction of Clock Time in the Greek World
Authors: Remijsen Sofie 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis paper discusses how the notion of clock time was introduced in the Greek world. On the basis of an analysis of the earliest (potential) references to hours and clocks in texts from the late fifth to the early third century BC in their historical context, and with reference to the earliest archaeologically attested clocks, it proposes a scenario for the conception and development of this conventional system. It offers a new interpretation of the problematic passage Herodotus 2.109 and argues that an hour-like unit was developed by late fifth century astronomers, under Babylonian influence, to denote the time in which a celestial body moves through a section of its diurnal circle. When this astronomical concept moved to the civic sphere in the second half of the fourth century, it changed from a scientific unit of duration to a civic unit for measuring the time of day. This shift probably took place in Athens, where the first references to hours appear in this period together with multiple experiments in clock making, as well as humorous reactions to the newfound sense of temporal precision. The paper will also show, however, that these first clocks did not yet tell seasonal hours – the type of hours that would eventually define Greco-Roman clock time – and still measured the lapse of time rather than enabling the location of moments in time. Greco-Roman clock time was only fully formed when it incorporated Egyptian notions of the hour in the Ptolemaic kingdom of the early third century BC.
Photochemistry of phthalocyanine based on spin angular momenta: a kinetic study of fluorescent probes for ascorbic acid
Authors: Yokoi Takanori , Murata Kei , Ishii Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAscorbic acid, i.e., vitamin C, is a well-known essential nutrient, and has attracted considerable attention as a new candidate for cancer therapy. Previously, R2c consisting of silicon tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine (SiPc) and two 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radicals has been encapsulated into the hydrophobic cavity of dimeric bovine serum albumin (BSA), i.e., R2c@(BSA)2, and the system was found to behave as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for detecting ascorbic acid not only in aqueous solutions but alsoin vivo. In this study, kinetics of the reaction of R2c@(BSA)2with ascorbic acid have been studied based on the temporal evolution of fluorescence. Global fitting of the concentration dependence using the Runge-Kutta method revealed the existence of stepwise two proton-coupled electron transfer processes. The rate constants for the reactions with ascorbic acid (kAA) and ascorbate radical (kAR) were 3 × 10 and 1 × 105 min−1 M−1, respectively, suggesting that the reaction with ascorbate radical was much faster than that with ascorbic acid. These results were further corroborated by theoretical calculations of the Gibbs free energy differences and by spin statistical factors. The analysis presented herein will aid in understanding the two proton-coupled electron transfer processes in the reaction with ascorbic acid.
Selective Overexpression of Collybistin in Mouse Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells Enhances GABAergic Neurotransmission and Protects against PTZ-Induced Seizures
Authors: George Shanu , James Shaun , De Blas Angel L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCollybistin (CB) is a rho guanine exchange factor found at GABAergic and glycinergic postsynapses that interacts with the inhibitory scaffold protein, gephyrin, and induces accumulation of gephyrin and GABA type-A receptors (GABAARs) to the postsynapse. We have previously reported that the isoform without the src homology 3 (SH3) domain, CBSH3–, is particularly active in enhancing the GABAergic postsynapse in both cultured hippocampal neurons as well as in cortical pyramidal neurons after chronicin vivoexpression inin uteroelectroporated (IUE) rats. Deficiency of CB in knock-out (KO) mice results in absence of gephyrin and gephyrin-dependent GABAARs at postsynaptic sites in several brain regions, including hippocampus. In the present study, we have generated an adeno-associated virus (AAV) that expresses CBSH3– in a cre-dependent manner. Using male and female VGLUT1-IRES-cre or VGAT-IRES-cre mice, we explore the effect of overexpression of CBSH3– in hippocampal pyramidal cells or hippocampal interneurons. The results show that: (1) the accumulation of gephyrin and GABAARs at inhibitory postsynapses in hippocampal pyramidal neurons or interneurons can be enhanced by CBSH3– overexpression; (2) overexpression of CBSH3– in hippocampal pyramidal cells can enhance the strength of inhibitory neurotransmission; and (3) these enhanced inhibitory synapses provide protection against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. The results indicate that this AAV vector carrying CBSH3– can be used forin vivoenhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission in selected target neurons in the brain.
Taxpayer Compliance Based on Awareness and Policy
Authors: Suhendar Dadang , Hakim Dani Rahman 
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effect of tax policy aspects and awareness on taxpayer compliance in Kuningan Regency. The policy aspects in this study have manifested by tax sanction and Fiscus service quality. This study uses questionnaires which have distributed by random sampling technic. By using the multiple linear regression analysis, this study reveals that tax sanctions, Fiscus service quality, and taxpayer awareness positively affect taxpayer compliance. Aspects of government policy in tax sanctions are more significant than taxpayers' awareness to affect taxpayer compliance. It means that strict tax sanctions have been necessary accompanied by improving the Fiscus services quality as part of the tax services paradigm. This study can be used as a reference to reexamine the determinants of taxpayer compliance, especially in areas with the same characteristics as the object of this study. Future research is expected to examine the equilibrium between economic and non-economic variables more deeply in increasing taxpayer compliance. It is essential because which variable most determines taxpayer compliance is still unclear, whether theoretically or practically.
Keywords: Awareness, Compliance, Taxpayers, Fiscus Services Quality
Program heraldyczny Henryka Uziębły w kapitularzu wawelskim
Authors: Marecki Józef 
Published: June 2021

Henryk Uziembło (27 February 1879 – 3 May 1945) was one of the creators of modern decorative art; he also made graphics. From 1922 to the outbreak of World War II he was a lecturer at the Institute of Fine Arts in Krakow. He designed polychromes, stained glass windows and mosaics, book bindings, posters and made oil paintings. He is the author of the decorations of the wall of the Wawel chapter house.
Recenzja publikacji źródłowej ks. B. Przybyszewskiego
Authors: Cynarski Stanisław 
Published: June 2021

Recenzja dzieła Cracovia Artificum, Supplementa. Teksty źródłowe do dziejów kultury i sztuki z archiwaliów kurialnych i kapitulnych w Krakowie 1433-1440, wybrał i opracował Bolesław Przybyszewski, ss. 281.
Paralelizm wartości ideowych, artystycznych i przestrzennych eremu OO. Kamedułów na Bielanach w Krakowie z pustelnią Karmelitów Bosych w Czernej do końca XVIII wieku
Authors: Wanat Benignus Józef 
Published: June 2021

Przedmiotem tego artykułu jest koicydencja czasowa, historyczna, geograficzna oraz paralelizm wartości ideowych i artystycznych dwóch pustelni, usytuowanych w niedalekiej odległości od siebie, na malowniczym terenie Jury Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, należących do Zakonu OO. Kamedułów na Bielanach i Karmelitów Bosych w Czernej.
Krzyże iryjskie
Authors: Kliś Zdzisław 
Published: June 2021

Artykuł przedstawia stan badań nad krzyżami celtyckimi. Pochodzą one z wczesnego okresu średniowiecza, a sprzed w. XII zachowały się w Walii, Kornwalii, niektórych częściach Szkocji, a nade wszystko w Irlandii.
Przedmioty i paramenty liturgiczne przechowywane w zakrystii Kościoła Mariackiego w Krakowie w wieku XIV i XV
Authors: Piwowarczyk Elżbieta 
Published: June 2021

Artykuł omawia przedmioty i paramenty liturgiczne przechowywane w zakrystii Kościoła Mariackiego w Krakowie, na podstawie zachowanych XIV i XV-wiecznych archiwaliów.
Mauzoleum bł. Szymona z Lipnicy z krakowskiego kościoła bernardynów
Authors: Kwaśniewicz Krzysztof 
Published: June 2021

Pierwszy kościół św. Bernardyna na Stradomiu, u stóp wzgórza wawelskiego, powstał z fundacji braci Zbigniewa i Jana Oleśnickich po 1453 roku. Z historią kościoła nierozerwalnie związane są dzieje nagrobka bł. Szymona z Lipnicy i kultu błogosławionego.
Henryk Dominiczak, Organy Bezpieczeństwa PRL w walce z Kościołem katolickim 1944-1990. W świetle dokumentów MSW, Warszawa 2000
Authors: Murzyn Robert 
Published: June 2021

Recenzja książki: Henryk Dominiczak, Organy Bezpieczeństwa PRL w walce z Kościołem katolickim 1944-1990. W świetle dokumentów MSW, Warszawa 2000.
„Perło konchy tych krain, witam was, Bielany!” (o odkrywaniu urody Bielan i tajemnic kamedułów)
Authors: Ziejka Franciszek 
Published: June 2021

Zakon ojców kamedułów trwale wpisał się w dzieje Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce, a także narodowej historii. Modlitwy, posty i milczenie pustelników – uczniów św. Romualda od czterech wieków stanowią wyjątkowo piękny przykład służby Bożej w Polsce, o czym świadczy obecność kamedułów na krakowskich Bielanach. Historia ponad 400 letniego klasztoru na Bielanach obfituje zarówno w wydarzenia piękne, jak i pełne grozy i tragedii opisane w niniejszym artykule.
Hannibal Rosselli - profesor Akademii Krakowskiej i autor "Pymandra"
Authors: Murawiec Wiesław 
Published: June 2021

W pierwszych dniach grudnia 1581 roku rozpoczął wykłady w Akademii Krakowskiej, przy poparciu rektora Jakuba Górskiego i po odpowiedniej uchwale fakultetu lektorium Galena, Włoch z Kalabrii, franciszkanin obserwant, Hannibal Rosselli, wykształcony w Paryżu i Louvain. Niewiele można dziś powiedzieć o zajęciach uniwersyteckich sprowadzonego do Polski Kalabryjczyka. Równolegle do pracy dydaktycznej i reformatorskiej Rosselli przygotował do druku swój wielotomowy komentarz pt. "Pymander" i "Asclepius", do "Sentencji" Lombarda. W roku 1584 ukazał się czwarty tom "Pymandra" tłoczony w drukarni Łazarzowej w Krakowie. Pomimo starań o fundusze ze strony przełożonych zakonnych i przyjaciół krakowskich nie wystarczyło pieniędzy na finansowanie edycji dalszych tomów.
„Sentire cum Ecclesia” - Arcybiskup Oscar Romero w ogniu podziałów
Authors: Dobrzyński Andrzej 
Published: June 2021

W filmie pt. Karol. Papież, który pozostał człowiekiem, w reżyserii G. Battiato, wprowadzono motyw abp. San Salwadoru Oscara Romero i jego spotkania z Janem Pawłem II. Wątek ten jest kluczem do nakreślenia w ekranizacji skomplikowanej sytuacji w Ameryce Łacińskiej. Kościół nie mógł pozwolić, by religia utraciła swe społeczne znaczenie na kontynencie ogarniętym przez skrajne podziały polityczne i ekonomiczne. Pragnął być „pierwszym, który reaguje na ludzkienieszczęście” . Ale zadanie to było trudne i wymagało osobistej ofiary, co przedstawia scena rozmowy abpa Romero z Ojcem Świętym. Metropolita wyznał, że jest „wzięty w dwa ognie” podzielonego świata i kraju, a „uzbrojony tylko w Słowo i modlitwę”.
Objazd naukowy po Ukrainie
Authors: Martyniak Karol 
Published: June 2021

W dniach 3–8 listopada 2010 roku, odbył się objazd naukowy, mający na celu poznanie najdalszych, południowo-wschodnich kresów dawnej Rzeczpospolitej. Był to wyjazd specjalności Europa Wschodnia, funkcjonującej w ramach Wydziału Historii i Dziedzictwa Kulturowego UPJPII w Krakowie. Merytoryczną pomocą i opieką służyli studentom: dziekan Wydziału ks. dr hab. Józef Wołczański, prof. UPJPII, ks. dr hab. Jan Szczepaniak, prof. UPJPII, dyrektor
The Impact of Agrotourism 'Waaida Farm' on Community Empowerment, Pamulihan District, Sumedang Regency
Authors: Dasipah Euis , Erviany Nita , Gantini Tuti 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine how Waaida Farm manages agro-tourism and to measure the impact of agro-tourism from the empowerment of the surrounding farmer's community. The Farm is located in Sumedang Regency and has natural potentials in agriculture and tourism which offers a unique experience. The concept of agro-tourism offers a medium for education, culture, promotion of local products, social, economic growth and community empowerment. With the existence of the Farm, the characteristics of the community have changed positively. The research method used is the case study and primary data were obtained from 30 farmers who work at agro-tourism. From the results of the paired t-student difference test ( Paired Sample T Test ) it can be concluded that Agro-tourism has a positive impact on the empowerment of the surrounding community not only from increasing participation, but also independence and accessibility for farmers community.Keywords: Agro-tourism, Community Empowerment
BENTUK – BENTUK PARTISIPASI WARGA NEGARA DALAM PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BERDASARKAN KONSEP GREEN MORAL DI KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Syahri M. 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisa bagaimana bentuk bentuk partisipasi dalam pelestarian lingkungan di Kabupaten Blitar. Metodologi menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Bentuk-bentuk partisipasi Warga Negara dalam pelestarian lingkungan hidup dilakukan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan masyarakat dan dunia pendidikan (monolitik dan integratif). Kompetensi kewarganegaraan diperlukan agar warga Negara dapat berpartisipasi dalam lingkungan hidup dengan pembekalan dimensi/domain knowledge, skill dan disposition tentang lingkungan hidup melalui berbagai kegiatan di masyarakat dan pendidikan. Bentuk penguatan partisipasi warga Negara dalam Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup dilakukan melalui kegiatan pelatihan bagi masyarakat, sekolah, sosialisasi tentang lingkungan hidup, penguatan peran organisasi-organisasi relawan lingkungan hidup, serta KMDM di SD dan sekolah SMP.Penguatan partisipasi warga negara tentang pelestarian lingkungan hidup berdasar konsep green moral dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan mengacu pada nilai-nilai Pancasila untuk sopan santun, bersih, mencintai lingkungan, dan menjaga lingkungan hidup untuk tercapai kepekaan terhadap lingkungan hidup melalui adaptasi dari hidup modern dengan mempertahankan dan melindungi lingkungan hidup, tujuan yang jelas dari pelestarian lingkungan hidup, integrasi dari nilai-nilai Pancasila dan lingkungan dalam integrasi berbagai macam kegiatan, serta adanya latency dalam sistem yang dibuat masyarakat dan pemerintah.
MEMBANGUN WAWASAN GLOBAL WARGA NEGARA MUDA
Authors: Murdiono Mukhamad 
Published: June 2021

Warga negara muda memiliki peran penting dalam pergaulan internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana membangun wawasan global sesuai karakteristik warga negara muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode grounded theory. Sumber data terdiri dari sumber kepustakaan dan responden yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan analisis induktif. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa membangun wawasan global warga negara muda harus memperhatikan aspek perkembangan biologis (fisik), kognitif, bahasa, dan sosioemosional. Warga negara muda termasuk dalam periode masa remaja.Pada periode ini, seorang anak semakin ingin bebas dan mencari jati diri. Pemikiran mereka menjadi semakin abstrak, logis, dan idealis.Kata kunci: pendidikan kewarganegaraan, wawasan global, warga negara muda