bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Modelling Economic Regional Location Processes Under Uncertainty
Authors: Cerqueti Roy , Cutrini Eleonora 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the theoretical analysis of the spatial concentration and localization of firms and employees over a set of regions. In particular, it provides a simple site-selection theoretical model to describe the probabilistic framework of the location patterns. The adopted quantitative tool is the stochastic theory of urns. The model moves from the empirical evidence of the deviation of the spatial location of companies from the uniform distribution and of employees from the distribution of firms. Factors leading to such deviations are taken into consideration. Specifically, we formalize a decision problem grounded on the economic attributes of the regions and also on the distribution of the existing firms and employees in the territory. To our purpose, the site-selection model is presented as a stepwise process.
Population dynamics in northwestern China
Authors: Yang Xueyan , Li Wanxin , Jing Wen , Gao Chezhuo , Li Rui , He Yuqi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the population dynamics in northwestern China from roughly 2010 to 2020. The area’s dynamics showed a slow, stable increase in population size, a stable increase in the population of non-Han ethnic groups, which increased at a more rapidly than the Han population, and population rejuvenation coupled with a population structure that aged. The biological sex structure fluctuated within a balanced range in northwestern China. Urbanization advanced in northwestern China, throughout this period, but the area’s level of urbanization is still significantly lower than the average level of urbanization nationally.
Governing the Interface of U.S.-China Trade Relations
Authors: Shaffer Gregory 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe strained U.S.-China trade relationship poses a frontal challenge to the multilateral trading system and has broad repercussions for international law. This Article addresses three dimensions of this relationship: (1) the economic dimension; (2) the geopolitical/national security dimension; and (3) the normative/social policy dimension. The Article advances a middle ground between those seeking to reinforce the World Trade Organization (WTO) system with new rules that limit the state's role in the economy, and those who reject WTO constraints in favor of a power-based system. It proposes pragmatic reforms to govern the interface of the two states’ respective systems across these three dimensions to facilitate ongoing exchange while giving each country latitude to protect itself from the externalities of the other's policies. The result would be greater room for bilateral and plurilateral bargaining, but conducted within the umbrella of the multilateral system.
Methodological Challenges in Estimating the Lifetime Medical Care Cost Externality of Obesity
Authors: Schell Robert C. , Just David R. , Levitsky David A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a great deal of variability in estimates of the lifetime medical care cost externality of obesity, partly due to a lack of transparency in the methodology behind these cost models. Several important factors must be considered in producing the best possible estimate, including age-related weight gain, differential life expectancy, identifiability, and cost model selection. In particular, age-related weight gain represents an important new component to recent cost estimates. Without accounting for age-related weight gain, a study relies on the untenable assumption that people remain the same weight throughout their lives, leading to a fundamental misunderstanding of the evolution and development of the obesity crisis. This study seeks to inform future researchers on the best methods and data available both to estimate age-related weight gain and to accurately and consistently estimate obesity’s lifetime external medical care costs. This should help both to create a more standardized approach to cost estimation as well as encourage more transparency between all parties interested in the question of obesity’s lifetime cost and, ultimately, evaluating the benefits and costs of interventions targeting obesity at various points in the life course.
Biological richness of Gunung Slamet, Central Java, and the need for its protection
Authors: Devenish Christian , Junaid Achmad Ridha , Andriansyah  , Saryanthi Ria , van Balen S. (Bas) , Kaprawi Fajar , Aprianto Ganjar Cahyo , Stanley Richard C. , Poole Oliver , Owen Andrew , Collar N. J. , Marsden Stuart J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDesignating protected areas remains a core strategy in biodiversity conservation. Despite high endemism, montane forests across the island of Java are under-represented in Indonesia's protected area network. Here, we document the montane biodiversity of Gunung Slamet, an isolated volcano in Central Java, and provide evidence to support its increased protection. During September–December 2018, we surveyed multiple sites for birds, primates, terrestrial mammals, reptiles, amphibians and vegetation. Survey methods included transects, camera traps and targeted searches at six sites, at altitudes of 970–2,512 m. We used species distribution models for birds and mammals of conservation concern to identify priority areas for protection. We recorded 99 bird species (13 globally threatened), 15 mammals (five globally threatened) and 17 reptiles and amphibians (two endemic). Our species distribution models showed considerable cross-taxon congruence between important areas on Slamet's upper slopes, generally above 1,800 m. Particularly important were records of the endemic subspecies of the Endangered Javan laughingthrush Garrulax rufifrons slamatensis, not recorded in the wild since 1925, the Endangered Javan gibbon Hylobates moloch and Javan surili Presbytis comata, and the Vulnerable Javan lutung Trachypithecus auratus and Javan leopard Panthera pardus melas. Recent forest loss has been modest, at least 280 km2 of continuous forest remain above 800 m, and our surveys show that forest habitats are in good condition. However, the mountain is widely used by trappers and hunters. Given its importance for biodiversity conservation, we discuss different options for improving the protection status of Gunung Slamet, including designation as a National Park or Essential Ecosystem.
Improving the performance of parallel robots by applying distinct hybrid control techniques
Authors: Coutinho André G. , Hess-Coelho Tarcisio A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the last two decades, parallel robots have become more ubiquitous, employed in a great variety of sectors, from food to aerospace industries. In fact, they are much more efficient than their serial counterparts in terms of performing fast motions and consuming less energy. However, due to their mechanical complexity, they present a highly complex non-linear dynamics, which makes the modelling and control tasks difficult. Aiming to improve the performance and robustness of the control laws already used to control this type of mechanisms, this paper proposes two hybrid control techniques. The first hybrid control is derived from the combination of a pure PD control with a modified Sliding Mode control. The second hybrid control, in its turn, combines a pure Computed Torque with the altered Sliding Mode control. The proposed modifications in the Sliding Mode control aim to achieve a considerable reduction of the tracking errors and chattering. A stability analysis of the proposed control techniques and an experimental validation are carried out, comparing the performance of the pure and hybrid control laws in a 5R parallel mechanism. Moreover, simulations are also conducted to evaluate the behaviour of a 3-dof spatial parallel robot, when performing a 3D-path. Analysing the simulations and the experimental results, it is possible to observe a significant reduction of the path tracking and steady-state errors in both hybrid control strategies.
Enhancing RFID system configuration through semantic modelling
Authors: Tsalapati Eleni , Tribe James , Goodall Paul A. , Young Robert I. , Jackson Thomas W. , West Andrew A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) system technology is a key element for the realization of the Industry 4.0 vision, as it is vital for tasks such as entity tracking, identification and asset management. However, the plethora of RFID systems’ elements in combination with the wide range of factors that need to be taken under consideration along with the interrelations amongst them, make the problem of identification and design of the right RFID system, based on users’ needs particularly complex. The research outlined in this paper seeks to optimize this process by developing an integrating schema that will encapsulate this information in a form that is both human and machine processible. Human readability will allow a shared understanding of the RFID technology domain; machine readability, automated reasoning engines to perform logical deduction techniques returning implicit information. For this purpose, the novel RFID System Configuration Ontology (RFID SCO) is developed. Hence, non-RFID experts are enabled to identify the most suitable RFID system according to their needs and RFID experts to retrieve all the relevant information required for the efficient design of the corresponding RFID system. The RFID SCO is validated and tested successfully against real-world scenarios provided by domain experts.
Single live birth derived from conjoined oocytes using laser-cutting technique: a case report
Authors: Wang Qin , Ulker Ashley , Wang Hongfeng , Wu Bin , Yang Aijun , Attia George R. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe finding of conjoined oocytes is a rare occurrence that accounts for only 0.3% of all human retrieved oocytes. This phenomenon is quite different from that of a traditional single oocyte emanating from one follicle, and may result in dizygotic twins and mosaicism. Given the insufficient evidence on how to approach conjoined oocytes, their fate is variable among different in vitro fertilization (IVF) centres. In this observational report, we propose a new protocol for the use of these conjoined oocytes using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), laser-cutting technique and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The first case report demonstrates that conjoined oocytes can penetrate their shared zona pellucida (ZP) at Day 6. The second case is that of a 25-year-old female patient who underwent a successful embryo transfer cycle after removal of one oocyte in which a pair of conjoined human oocytes underwent ICSI, laser-cutting separation and NGS testing. The patient achieved pregnancy and gave birth to single healthy female originally derived from conjoined oocytes. This case provided a means through which normal pregnancy may be achieved from conjoined oocytes using laser-cutting separation techniques. The protocol described may be especially beneficial to patients with a limited number of oocytes.
Executive functioning in body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Chen Long Long , Flygare Oskar , Wallert John , Enander Jesper , Ivanov Volen Z. , Rück Christian , Djurfeldt Diana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess executive functions (EFs) in patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls.MethodsAdults diagnosed with BDD (n = 26) or OCD (n = 29) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and healthy controls (n = 28) underwent validated and computerized neuropsychological tests, spatial working memory (SWM), intra–extra-dimensional set shifting (IED), and stop signal task (SST), from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Test performance was compared between groups, and correlated with standardized symptom severity of BDD and OCD. Significance level was set toP < .05.ResultsThere were no statistically significant between-group differences on key outcome measures in SWM, IED, or SST. There was a weak positive correlation between symptom severity and test errors on SWM and IED in both OCD and BDD groups; increased clinical severity was associated with more errors in these tests. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between symptom severity and SST in the BDD group.ConclusionsPatients with BDD or OCD did not differ from healthy control subjects in terms of test performance; however, there were several statistically significant correlations between symptom severity and performance in those with BDD or OCD. More studies on EFs in BDD and OCD are required to elucidate if there are differences in EFs between these two disorders.
Distinct Interdecadal Change Contrasts Between Summer and Autumn in Latitude‐Longitude Covariability of Northwest Pacific Typhoon Genesis Locations
Authors: Wu Zeming , Hu Chundi , Wang Junbin , Chen Weizhen , Lian Tao , Yang Song , Chen Dake 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates seasonality of interdecadal changes in latitude‐longitude covariability of the Northwest Pacific (WNP)‐mean tropical cyclogenesis location (TCGL). It is found that the latitude‐longitude covariability in WNP‐mean TCGL of typhoons has experienced seasonally distinct interdecadal shifts since 1998, weakening in summer and strengthening in autumn. Since significant westward shift of WNP‐mean TCGL exists in both summer and autumn, but robust poleward shift is only detected in autumn. The linchpin of such seasonal difference is the subtropical WNP sea‐surface temperature (SST) warming in the key region of 125°–140°E, 15°–30°N, where numbers of typhoons increase in autumn but not in summer. Two main factors are responsible for the SST warming in the key region: the interdecadal trend of local SST and the Central Pacific La Niña‐teleconnected warming. However, neither condition occurs in summer, highlighting the importance of seasonal difference in climatological background when interpreting climatic changes in typhoons.
The Impact of Sea‐Ice Loss on Arctic Climate Feedbacks and Their Role for Arctic Amplification
Authors: Jenkins Matthew , Dai Aiguo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSea‐ice loss and radiative feedbacks have been proposed to explain Arctic amplification (AA)—the enhanced Arctic warming under increased greenhouse gases, but their relationship is unclear. By analyzing coupled CESM1 simulations with 1%/year CO2 increases, we show that without large sea‐ice loss and AA, the lapse rate, Planck, and surface albedo feedbacks are greatly reduced, while the positive water vapor feedback changes little. The positive Arctic lapse rate feedback, which results from enhanced surface warming rather than the high stability of Arctic air, and changes in atmospheric energy transport across the Arctic Circle are a result, not a cause, of AA; while the water vapor feedback also plays a minor role. Instead, AA results from enhanced winter oceanic heating associated with sea‐ice loss that is aided by a positive surface albedo feedback in summer and positive cloud feedback in winter.
Observation of Kolmogorov Turbulence in the Jovian Magnetosheath From JADE Data
Authors: Bandyopadhyay R. , McComas D. J. , Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Bolton S. J. , Ebert R. W. , Wilson R. J. , Gershman D. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPower spectra of magnetic‐field fluctuations near Jupiter have been analyzed since the early days of space exploration with Voyager and Ulysses flyby of Jupiter. Power spectra of velocity and density fluctuations, however, have not been as well studied, due to the lack of high‐resolution measurements required to resolve a significant fraction of the inertial range. Here, we investigate fluid‐scale turbulence in Jupiter's magnetosheath using measurements from the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) instrument onboard Juno spacecraft. Both ion density and velocity spectra exhibit nearly Kolmogorov scaling ∼f−5/3. This indicates weakly compressible fluctuations and the presence of a scale‐invariant cascade through the inertial range. Although this is a specific case study and not necessarily representative of the overall behavior, our result shows that Alfvénic Kolmogorov‐type turbulence exists in at least some locations in Jupiter's magnetosheath.
Screening of potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using convalescent patients-derived phage-display libraries
Authors: Pan Yongbing , Du Jianhui , Liu Jia , Wu Hai , Gui Fang , Zhang Nan , Deng Xiaojie , Song Gang , Li Yufeng , Lu Jia , Wu Xiaoli , Zhan ShanShan , Jing Zhaofei , Wang Jiong , Yang Yimin , Liu Jianbang , Chen Ying , Chen Qin , Zhang Huanyu , Hu Hengrui , Duan Kai , Wang Manli , Wang Qisheng , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to threaten public health worldwide, the development of effective interventions is urgently needed. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have great potential for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, ten nAbs were isolated from two phage-display immune libraries constructed from the pooled PBMCs of eight COVID-19 convalescent patients. Eight of them, consisting of heavy chains encoded by the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene-variable region (IGHV)3-66 or IGHV3-53 genes, recognized the same epitope on the receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the remaining two bound to different epitopes. Among the ten antibodies, 2B11 exhibited the highest affinity and neutralization potency against the original wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 virus (KD = 4.76 nM for the S1 protein, IC50 = 6 ng/mL for pseudoviruses, and IC50 = 1 ng/mL for authentic viruses), and potent neutralizing ability against B.1.1.7 pseudoviruses. Furthermore, 1E10, targeting a distinct epitope on RBD, exhibited different neutralization efficiency against WT SARS-CoV-2 and its variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1. The crystal structure of the 2B11–RBD complexes revealed that the epitope of 2B11 highly overlaps with the ACE2-binding site. The in vivo experiment of 2B11 using AdV5-hACE2-transduced mice showed encouraging therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, our results suggest that the highly potent SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody, 2B11, could be used against the WT SARS-CoV-2 and B.1.1.7 variant, or in combination with a different epitope-targeted neutralizing antibody, such as 1E10, against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Data sharing practices and data availability upon request differ across scientific disciplines
Authors: Tedersoo Leho , Küngas Rainer , Oras Ester , Köster Kajar , Eenmaa Helen , Leijen Äli , Pedaste Margus , Raju Marju , Astapova Anastasiya , Lukner Heli , Kogermann Karin , Sepp Tuul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractData sharing is one of the cornerstones of modern science that enables large-scale analyses and reproducibility. We evaluated data availability in research articles across nine disciplines in Nature and Science magazines and recorded corresponding authors’ concerns, requests and reasons for declining data sharing. Although data sharing has improved in the last decade and particularly in recent years, data availability and willingness to share data still differ greatly among disciplines. We observed that statements of data availability upon (reasonable) request are inefficient and should not be allowed by journals. To improve data sharing at the time of manuscript acceptance, researchers should be better motivated to release their data with real benefits such as recognition, or bonus points in grant and job applications. We recommend that data management costs should be covered by funding agencies; publicly available research data ought to be included in the evaluation of applications; and surveillance of data sharing should be enforced by both academic publishers and funders. These cross-discipline survey data are available from the plutoF repository.
Global offshore wind turbine dataset
Authors: Zhang Ting , Tian Bo , Sengupta Dhritiraj , Zhang Lei , Si Yali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOffshore wind farms are widely adopted by coastal countries to obtain clean and green energy; their environmental impact has gained an increasing amount of attention. Although offshore wind farm datasets are commercially available via energy industries, records of the exact spatial distribution of individual wind turbines and their construction trajectories are rather incomplete, especially at the global level. Here, we construct a global remote sensing-based offshore wind turbine (OWT) database derived from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) time-series images from 2015 to 2019. We developed a percentile-based yearly SAR image collection reduction and autoadaptive threshold algorithm in the Google Earth Engine platform to identify the spatiotemporal distribution of global OWTs. By 2019, 6,924 wind turbines were constructed in 14 coastal nations. An algorithm performance analysis and validation were performed, and the extraction accuracies exceeded 99% using an independent validation dataset. This dataset could further our understanding of the environmental impact of OWTs and support effective marine spatial planning for sustainable development.
Illegal fishing with electrofishing devices in the Po river basin, Emilia Romagna, Italy
Authors: Mazzariol Sandro , Corazzola Giorgia , Rubini Silva , Quaglio Francesco , Perolo Alberto , Gustinelli Andrea , Fioravanti Marialetizia , Garbarino Chiara Anna , Fontana Maria Cristina , Frisoni Paolo , Gaudio Rosa Maria , Centelleghe Cinzia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectric fishing is an illegal hunting method, unfortunately widely used by poachers to paralyze fish and to catch many animals in a short time. In Italy, it is authorized only for scientific and conservative purposes. Between 2014 and 2018, the Ferrara section of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Italy, received nine cases of potentially illegal electric fishing in Po river and its tributary rivers. Necropsies were performed following standard protocols and samples of different tissues were collected and examined using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Gross lesions frequently observed were circulatory alteration phenomena (i.e. multi-organ hyperemia, hemorrhages and congestion, hemopericardium), also found histologically, in addition to multifocal degenerative and necrotic muscular processes that could be attributed to injuries from electric current, as already reported in literature. Immunohistochemical investigations confirmed degenerative and necrotic lesions with myoglobin depletion and a corresponding fibrinogen accumulation. Myoglobin globules were also detected in the renal parenchyma, as consequent of rhabdomyolysis. The results of this study allowed to correlate electric fishing to gross, histologic and immunohistochemical lesions, which together constitute a pathognomonic picture to be considered a reference standard in this type of illegal controversy.