bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dry Sliding Wear Behaviours of Valve Seat Inserts Produced from High Chromium White Iron
Authors: Kalyon Ali , Özyürek Dursun , Günay Mustafa , Aztekin Hasan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this present study, wear behaviours of high chromium white iron valve seat inserts and tappets used in the automotive sector were investigated. Wear behaviours of three different rates of high chromium white cast irons (containing 10, 12 and 14% chromium) were examined under heavy service conditions. For that purpose, the produced valve seat inserts were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hardness measurements. They were tested at a sliding speed of 1 ms−1, under 120 N load and for six different sliding distances (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 m) by using a standard wear apparatus (pin-on-disk type). The result showed that as the amount of Cr increased in the alloys, their hardness decreased. The decrease in the hardness were considered to be as the result of transformation of M7C3 carbides into M23C6 carbides in the structure. This decrease in hardness with increasing chromium content also increased the weight loss. Thus, it was determined that the white iron with 14% Cr (which had a greater amount of M23C6 carbides) was subjected to the highest wear.
Austrian Constitutional Court: The Annulment of the Run-off for the Presidency
Authors: Frank Stefan Leo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this judgment the Austrian Constitutional Court pronouned that the runoff election of the Federal President had to be repeated in its entirety in all of Austria. It held that the system of postal voting is in conformity with the constitutional principles of voting in person and secrecy of ballots. However, votes may only be handled and counted by the collegiate election boards, the representative composition of which is seen as a specific guarantee for a transparent and impartial carrying out of elections. If state authorities transmit results of the vote count prior to the closing of the election, this runs counter to the principle of freedom of voting. A challenge to an election must be allowed if proven infringements of legal provisions aiming to prevent manipulations affect a decisive number of votes, regardless of whether or not manipulations have actually occurred.
Austrian Constitutional Court: Presidential Election – Violation of the Principle of Free Elections
Authors: Friedrichkeit-Lebmann Julia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One reason for the annulment of the Presidential Election was the violation of the principle of free elections enshrined in the Austrian Federal Constitutional Law (cf VfGH 1.7.2016, W I 6/2016, paras 511 ff). This can be seen as a consistent further development of former case-law by the Constitutional Court.
Austrian Constitutional Court: Presidential Election – Counterevidence and Influence of New Media
Authors: Matti Emanuel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the course of the annulment of the run-off election of the Federal President by the Austrian Constitutional Court in 2016 formal unlawfulness became evident. This contribution argues that the Constitutional Court did not sufficiently consider if the proven illegalities actually had an effect on the election result. Furthermore, it discusses if the jurisprudence concerning electoral freedom needs to be interpreted more extensively in times of new media.
Parental perception of developmental vulnerability after inter-country adoption: a 10-year follow-up study: longitudinal study after inter-country adoption
Authors: Diamond Gary , Senecky Yehuda , Reichman Hadar , Inbar Dov , Chodick Gabriel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background: The goal of the study was to identify developmental disabilities in internationally adopted children and evaluate the utility of pre-adoption screening.

Methods: Parents of 191 adopted children (80.93%) completed the Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) questionnaire. Responses were analyzed for the reported presence of developmental dysfunction in the children.

Results: For 137 children, parental response rates ranged from 55% to 74.4% at different junctures. The cumulative incidence of reported concerns over developmental and behavioral disabilities at 12 years post-adoption was 79%. Children adopted after 1-year-old had more behavioral problems than those adopted earlier (relative risk=4.62; 95% confidence interval: 0.97–22.07).

Conclusions: Parents perceive international adoption as being associated with a substantial risk for developmental problems. Even meticulous pre-adoption screening cannot preclude developmental problems that may appear in later childhood.
Development of Markov Chain-Based Queuing Model and Wireless Infrastructure for EV to Smart Meter Communication in V2G
Authors: Santoshkumar  , Udaykumar R. Y. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The electrical vehicles (EVs) can be connected to the grid for power transaction. The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) supports the grid requirements and helps in maintaining the load demands. The grid control center (GCC), aggregator and EV are three key entities in V2G communication. The GCC sends the information about power requirements to the aggregator. The aggregator after receiving the information from the GCC sends the information to the EVs. Based on the information, the interested EV owners participate in power transaction with the grid. The aggregator facilitates the EVs by providing the parking and charging slot. In this paper the queuing model for EVs connected to the grid and development of wireless infrastructure for the EV to Smart Meter communication is proposed. The queuing model is developed and simulated. The path loss models for WiMAX are analyzed and compared. Also, the physical layer of WiMAX protocol is modeled and simulated for the EV to Smart Meter communication in V2G.
Preparation of silicon boride SiBx (x = 3, 4, 5, 6) powders by chemical oven self-propagating combustion synthesis
Authors: Liu W. , Feng P. , Ren X. , Zhu L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new method was developed for quickly preparing a highemissivity silicon boride compound of SiBx (x = 3, 4, 5, 6) by highly exothermic Ti-TiO2-Si-Al chemical oven preheating. The SiBx combustion synthesis process and adiabatic combustion temperature were investigated. A large exothermic reaction occurred at the combustion temperature of 1 700 K. X-ray diffraction results indicate that an SiBx phase and a substantial amount of unreacted Si were identified in the products. By increasing the boron content until the Si-B ratio reached to 1 : 6, the diffraction peaks primarily indicated SiB6, SiB4, and Si11B33 in the final product. According to the spectra and quantitative results, the atomic chemical composition ratio of Si and B was close to the nominal composition. Thus, this method offers an efficient way to produce Si-B compounds with less time and energy consumption than current methods.
Chebyshev Split-step Scheme for the Sine-Gordon Equation in 2+1 Dimensions
Authors: Suarez Pablo , Johnson Stephen , Biswas Anjan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article studies the numerical solution of the two-dimensional sine-Gordon equation (SGE) using a split-step Chebyshev Spectral Method. In our method we split the 2D SGE by considering one dimension at a time, first along x and then along y. In each fractional step we solve a 1D SGE. Time integration is handled by a finite difference scheme. The numerical solution is then compared with many of the known numerical solutions found throughout the literature. Our method is simple to implement and second order accurate in time and has spectral convergence. Our method is both fast and accurate.
Vapor Films under Influence of High Heat Fluxes: Nongravity Surface Waves and Film Explosive Disintegration
Authors: Sinkevich O. A. , Glazkov V. V. , Ivochkin Yu. P. , Kireeva A. N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Linear and non-linear stability analysis of the interface between a thin vapor film and a layer of liquid in the presence of a steady heat flux from a metal surface heated to a high temperature, to the vapor film and then from vapor to the subcooled liquid is investigated. The temperature dependence of saturation pressure is taken into account. Boundary conditions on the vapor–liquid interface that generalizes the known correlations on the free surface of liquid in the gravity field are derived. The thermal processes on the phase boundary lead to the generation of weakly decaying periodic surface waves of low amplitude and may cause small length waves (ripple), which are not capillary ones. Thermal processes on the phase interface are capable to provide the stability of a film of lights vapor under a layer of heavy liquid in the gravity field. The explosive instability may arise in the non-linear stage due to a weak variation of the film thickness or superheating of liquids.
Adaptive Synchronization of Filippov Systems with Unknown Parameters via Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Fu Shihui , Li Ke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, adaptive synchronization of Filippov systems with unknown parameters is investigated via sliding mode control. In order to obtain smooth error systems, Filippov systems are redesigned by the Generalized Hamiltonian system. The sliding mode control is applied to the error systems and stabilizes their zero solutions. Adaptive synchronization of chaotic systems via sliding mode control is investigated with the applications to Chua's system and the Duffing Oscillator with dry friction. Numerical simulations are also given to identify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
A Novel Two-fluid Model for the Identification of Possible Multiple Solutions in Slightly Inclined Pipelines
Authors: Corvaro Sara , Brocchini Maurizio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A novel mechanistic two-fluid model (CB model) similar, in spirit, to the Taitel and Dukler [1, 2] (TD model), for the identification of possible multiple solutions of a multi-phase (gas-liquid) stratified flow in slightly inclined pipelines, is proposed. While Blasius-type closures are used in the TD model to represent the wall friction coefficients, the newly-implemented CB model makes use of Colebrook-White-type closures. Moreover, different closures for the interfacial shear are also employed in the CB models. The predictive capabilities of the CB model have been tested by using several experimental data, finding a better agreement between measured and calculated data than that existing when the TD model is used. The region of multiple solutions is influenced by the closures in use, such a dependence is more evident when different interfacial friction factors are used. Moreover, for the CB model also the fluid mixture in use influences the boundaries of the non-uniqueness region, while by using the TD model the multiple-solution region is unchanged. The choice of closures for the interfacial friction strongly influences the holdups, the Andritsos and Hanratty [10] correlation significantly shifting the non-uniqueness region to small values of the inclination parameter. Such a behaviour is more and more significant with the increase of the superficial gas velocity, even if for values of the inclination parameter within the range of inclinations for stratified flows (i.e. less than about 30° from the horizontal [11]), multiple solutions were not found. Finally, for the fluid mixture and flow conditions analyzed, multivalued solutions are obtained only for upward flows. Moreover, the portion of multiple-solution region interested by co-current flow (that occurs for slightly upward and downward pipes) is rather small, so that the operational point unlikely falls within such a region in the case of the studied hydrocarbon gas-liquid mixture.
Self-adaptive inertial subgradient extragradient scheme for pseudomonotone variational inequality problem
Authors: Abubakar Jamilu , Kumam Poom , Rehman Habib ur 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, we propose a self-adaptive inertial subgradient extragradient algorithm for solving variational inequality problems involving pseudomonotone operator. The scheme uses a variable step sizes and inertial extrapolation step. The step size is self-adaptive, which does not require the prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the underlying operator. Furthermore, under mild assumptions, we prove the weak convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm to a solution of the considered problem. We give numerical experiments to illustrate the inertial-effect and the computational performance of our proposed algorithm in comparison with the existing state of the art algorithms.
A Spherical Cavity Expansion Penetration Model for Concrete Based on Hoek–Brown Strength Criterion
Authors: Xu H. , Wen H. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A spherical cavity expansion model for concrete is first proposed by using an elastic-brittle-plastic material law with Hoek–Brown strength criterion. The constitutive model can capture the basic features of the mechanical response of concrete materials including the effects of strain-softening and pressure hardening (pressure-dependent shear strength) and all the parameters used in the model can be determined from material tests. The forcing function obtained from the spherical cavity expansion analysis is then employed to construct a penetration model for concrete targets struck by ogival-nosed projectiles. It transpires that the present model predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations in terms of penetration depth and ballistic limits/residual velocities in the case of perforation.
Numerical Simulation of Liquid-Fueled Detonations by an Eulerian–Lagrangian Model
Authors: Shen Hua , Wang Gang , Liu Kaixin , Zhang Deliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an Eulerian–Lagrangian two-phase flow model for liquid-fueled detonations is constructed. The gaseous mixture is described by an Eulerian method, and liquid particles in gaseous mixture are traced by a Lagrangian method. An improved space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) scheme is applied to the simulations of detonations in liquid C
10
H
22
-O
2
/air systems. Different fuel droplet sizes and equivalence ratios are considered in the present study. Interestingly, the numerical results show that liquid-fueled detonations have some difference with gaseous detonations. Especially, a deficit in the propagation velocity compared to the gaseous detonation velocity is observed in mixtures with lean fuel and larger droplet sizes, while an increase in the propagation velocity compared to the gaseous detonation velocity is observed in the mixtures with very rich fuel. The surprising phenomenon is analyzed and discussed with the aid of detailed numerical results. In addition, the formation and propagation of two-phase detonation waves are characterized by series of results and the influence of particle radii is also discussed. All numerical results show that the present model can describe the gas-particle two-phase system accurately, and can be applied to numerical simulations of liquid-fueled detonations.
Effects of HMX Particle Size on the Shock Initiation of PBXC03 Explosive
Authors: Wen Li-Jing , Duan Zhuo-Ping , Zhang Lian-Sheng , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Ou Zhuo-Cheng , Huang Feng-Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A series of shock initiation experiments are performed on the PBXC03 explosives in different formulations to understand the influence of the explosive particle size on the shock initiation, and the in-situ pressure gauge data are obtained which show that shock sensitivity decreases with the explosive particle size under the test condition used in this paper. Moreover, a mesoscopic reaction rate model which is calibrated by the experimental data on a medium formulation PBXC03 explosive is adopted and then applied to predict numerically the shock initiation of other PBXC03 explosives in different formulations. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Toward a Commons of religious experience: Theological education and the practice of theology
Authors: Shields Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In North America denominational and church-sponsored universities continue to thrive. Yet many struggle to maintain their Christian identity and fulfill their mission amid an increasingly diverse student body. As recognizable expressions of how their religious sponsors carry out a sense of who they are and what they are called to be, Christian universities must be seen as Church practices. This is particularly so in how theology and religious studies are presented. How do university professors, academically oriented and committed to advancing scholarship in their discipline, respond to the requirements of good teaching and create the conditions for authentic learning in their students? A new educational context challenges us to experiment with pedagogies that engage students in the study of religion and theology in a way that makes room for the plurality of backgrounds and experiences they bring to the classroom, while honouring the integrity of the subject matter. Seeing the practice of theology as a dynamic dialogue with contemporary culture and the construction of new insights and innovative appreciation of ancient truths and realities allows the teacher to create a “commons of religious experience” where students encounter living traditions of faith and make sense of their own lives and the worlds they inhabit.
“We Teach Our Children to See a Human Being”: Women Transforming Religious Conflict in Indonesia
Authors: Mercer Joyce Ann 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is the site of recent violent conflicts between Christians and Muslims. Women, largely absent from official peace proceedings, nevertheless play a key role in on-the-ground efforts to transform violent conflict, through their everyday work as both formal and informal educators teaching their communities and the next generation how to regard and interact with those who became enemies in conflict. A practical theological framework of everyday religious practice situates the religious dimensions of these conflicts and also of women’s peacebuilding practices. This paper draws upon ethnographic research with women peacebuilders in the Moluccas, exploring intersections of gender with practices of religious education that contribute to the transformation of violent conflicts.
The Clergy Work Orientation in Transition: An Analysis of the Structure and Change in Work Orientation Among the Finnish Lutheran Clergy
Authors: Tervo-Niemelä Kati 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article focuses on the work orientation and changes therein among the clergy in Finland, and on its implications for practical church work. The article is based on a survey conducted among the clergy in Finland (N=878). The research shows that clergy make distinctions between various work tasks that are in line with the traditional distinction between “function” and “performance”. The results show that liberal theological orientation, which is linked to performance-orientation, is increasing. The aspects of work which seem to be most threatened are evangelization, missionary work, and reading and teaching the Bible. There are also many areas of work that are likely to remain stable and unite the clergy regardless of their gender, age or theological orientation.
News from the pragmatics classroom: Contrasting the inductive and the deductive approach in the teaching of pragmatic competence
Authors: Glaser Karen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While the role of pragmatic skills in a foreign or second language has been receiving increased attention both from a research and a language teaching perspective, there is still a lamentable scarcity of systematic empirical studies into the effectiveness of instructional methods in the teaching of pragmatics. Addressing this research gap, this article reports about a quasi-experimental study into possible differences between an explicit-inductive and an explicit-deductive instructional approach in the teaching of pragmatic skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), more specifically the teaching of offer refusals to 49 advanced adult EFL learners in Germany. The instruction consisted of three 90-minute lessons, which were spread out over the duration of a 15-week academic semester and designed according to the deductive principle and the inductive principle, respectively. While the deductive group was provided with metapragmatic rules directly at the beginning of the instruction, the inductive group only encountered such rules after engaging in language use and guided discovery. Production data was elicited by means of DCTs and role play in a pretest-posttest format. Effectiveness of instruction was operationalized by means of two indicators: Indicator 1 measured the increased usage of the strategies taught in class, while indicator 2 measured the approximation to a native speaker target. The results indicate that the gains in the inductive group surpassed those in the deductive group, suggesting that when situated within the explicit framework, inductive instruction is more effective in the teaching of pragmatic skills.
Das Aggregationsproblem bei der Erstellung von Rankings. Einige Anmerkungen am Beispiel der Formel 1 Weltmeisterschaft 1998 / The Problem of Aggregation Arising in the Process of Building Rankings. Some Remarks with the Example of the Formula 1 Championship 1998
Authors: Kladroba Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Seit mehreren Jahren bereits erfreut sich die Erstellung von Rankings immer größerer Beliebtheit. Aber trotz dieser Beliebtheit zeigen viele Rankings erschreckende Schwächen bezüglich der Verwendung statistischer Methoden. Ein besonderes Problem (vor allem wegen seiner zentralen Bedeutung) stellt dabei offensichtlich die Aggregation von Einzelrankings zu einem Gesamtranking dar.
Diese Aufgabenstellung ist eng verwandt mit den aus der Entscheidungstheorie bekannten „Gruppenentscheidungen“. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einige dort bekannte Aggregationsverfahren vor und versucht anhand eines einfachen Rankingbeispiels, nämlich der Formel 1 Weltmeisterschaft 1998, zu zeigen, welche Konsequenzen die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Verfahren auf das Gesamtergebnis hat.
Yes We Can (Hyperbolize)! Ideals, Rhetoric, and Tradition Transmission
Authors: Silverman Jason M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biblical scholars often treat idealistic expectations – for kings or eras – as “eschatological” or “messianic” expectations. Yet this sort of analysis often elides the rhetorical nature of the source texts. This article seeks to analyze the rhetoric of Obama’s first presidential campaign as a recent comparator, using Bormann’s Symbolic Convergence Theory and recent work on hyperbole. The results of this discussion are then applied to four sample passages from the context of Hebrew Bible to argue that idealistic or “utopian” language need not necessarily imply any of the ideas associated with messianism or millenarianism. In the final analysis this will mean that scholars must be more careful in delineating the diachronic development of ideas in ancient texts.
Implications of the German Human Genetic Examination Act on laboratory medicine1),2),3)
Authors: Heidemann Simone , Schillhorn Kerrin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Human Genetic Examination Act (Genetic Diagnosis Act – GenDG) entered into force on 1 February 2010. This act applies to genetic examinations and analyses for medical purposes, for those determining descent as well as in the insurance and employment sectors. The act regulates the duty to inform patients prior to genetic analysis and to obtain their informed consent, as well as the legal conditions of reporting the results of genetic examinations and analyses and handling of genetic data and genetic samples obtained thereby.