bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do common assumptions about the wetland seed bank following invasive plant removal hold true? Divergent outcomes following multi‐year Phragmites australis management
Authors: Rohal Christine Brenda , Reinhardt Adams Carrie , Reynolds Laura Kay , Hazelton Eric Lewis Goff , Kettenring Karin Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuestionLimited funds and compressed timelines frequently translate into a reliance on seed banks for native plant recovery following invasive plant management. This approach assumes: (a) baseline seed bank communities are sufficient for native plant recovery regardless of site environmental conditions; (b) different management actions variably impact native and invader seed banks; (c) management actions reduce invader seed banks; while (d) native seed banks do not decline following management; and (e) returning above‐ground vegetation reflects the seed bank. Do these assumptions hold true in the context of invasive Phragmites australis management?LocationGreat Salt Lake wetlands, Utah, USA.MethodsAcross six sites, we applied six Phragmites management treatments (solarization, or glyphosate or imazapyr herbicide in the summer or fall with mowing) for three years, and monitored two more. Each year, we assessed the above‐ground vegetation and seed bank using the seedling emergence method.ResultsSite environmental conditions drove baseline seed bank communities: seed banks differed substantially across sites with varying anthropogenic degradation as less disturbed sites had greater seed bank richness. Different management actions had similar impacts on native and invader seed banks. Phragmites seed density was reduced after herbicide treatments while native seed bank communities were unaffected. Above‐ground vegetation generally reflected seed bank communities. However, native graminoids were present in seed banks but surprisingly rare above‐ground.ConclusionCommonly held assumptions about invasive plant management and native recovery from the seed bank did not all hold true. Native seed banks were particularly insufficient for recovery at sites with greater degradation, suggesting managers should prioritize management at less degraded sites or consider revegetation in highly degraded sites. Despite reductions in Phragmites seed bank density, Phragmites propagule pressure remained high, requiring a long‐term management commitment. Often seed banks are insufficient and revegetation of desired above‐ground species is necessary to meet restoration goals.
On the uneasy alliance between moral bioenhancement and utilitarianism
Authors: Kudlek Karolina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMoral bioenhancement (MBE) is often associated with a consequentialist, especially utilitarian, framework, owing to its capacity to prevent great harm and motivate acts in accordance with basic moral principles such us universal impartial altruism or benevolence. However, it remains unclear whether we could de facto justify MBE on utilitarian grounds. This article examines whether there is a plausible utilitarian case for MBE and what the obstacles for justifying MBE on utilitarian grounds could be. More specifically, it explores the relationship between MBE and basic utilitarian principles, as well as its effects on utilitarian moral judgment. It seems that MBE could modify moral agents in ways that would accord with the main utilitarian demands and facilitate the adoption and realization of utilitarian prescriptions. Although MBE would, in principle, create preconditions for achieving utilitarian ends, I argue that there are certain limits to this claim. I identify and elaborate several ways in which MBE could undermine utilitarian moral judgment.
What if a friend asks me to assist their suicide?
Authors: Cowley Christopher 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere has been plenty of philosophical discussion about the morality and/or rationality of suicide and physician‐assisted suicide. There has also been plenty of discussion about non‐prosecution policies (such as the British DPP 2010 Guidance) as a legal response to cases of one friend assisting the suicide of another. There has been much less attention paid to the particular conversations that might follow the request for suicidal assistance, and to the particular kinds of moral complexity involved. I will consider a ‘Subject’, who wants to commit suicide, but lacks the means or the information to do so, and therefore asks his ‘Friend’ for assistance. (Importantly, the Friend is not a physician.) Without aiming for anything comprehensive or theoretical, I sketch three ‘easier’ cases and two ‘harder’ cases, in order to explore the sorts of things that might be said, and thought, by each party, based on the different sources of meaning and morality.
The diagnostic accuracy of the faecal immunohistochemical test in identifying significant bowel disease in a symptomatic population
Authors: MacDonald Scott , MacDonald Linda , Godwin Jon , Macdonald Angus , Thornton Michelle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimProvisional research on the faecal immunohistochemical test (FIT) for symptomatic colorectal patients has shown a high negative predictive value but has lacked long‐term patient follow‐up, raising the possibility of missed diagnoses of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this work is to describe the long‐term diagnostic accuracy of the FIT for CRC and significant bowel disease (SBD) in a symptomatic population in NHS Lanarkshire.MethodFrom October 2016 to February 2019, all primary care referrals of symptomatic colorectal patients in NHS Lanarkshire were asked to provide a FIT. The baseline demographics, investigations and diagnoses for each patient were prospectively completed until February 2021. A FIT result of ≥10 μg haemoglobin (Hb)/g faeces was considered to be positive.ResultsA total of 5250 patients were identified (median age 62 years; 46% male; median follow‐up 31 months) with 65.1% (3418) being FIT negative. The SBD rate was 6.2% and the CRC rate was 2.9% (151). The SBD rate was significantly higher in the FIT‐positive group (13.8% vs. 2.2%; p < 0.001) and 32.9% of patients with FIT ≥ 400 μg Hb/g had SBD. The sensitivity of FIT ≥ 10 μg Hb/g for CRC was 87.4% and for SBD it was 76.9%. Specificity was 66.6% and 66.7%, and the negative‐predictive value was 99.4% and 97.7%, respectively. Sensitivity for CRC could theoretically be increased to 94.8% if FIT‐negative patients were to undergo flexible sigmoidoscopy.ConclusionA FIT‐only referral pathway for symptomatic colorectal patients will miss over 12% of cancers and over 23% of SBD. Theoretically, combining FIT‐negative patients with flexible sigmoidoscopy increases the sensitivity for CRC. The FIT offers a mechanism for prioritizing patient access to investigations, particularly in resource‐limited areas; however, further work to identify FIT‐negative patients diagnosed with CRC is required.
Outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with ESKD due to plasma cell dyscrasia: A case series
Authors: Dinh Alex R. , Wong Sandy W. , Martin Thomas G. , Wolf Jeffrey L. , Webber Allison B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTransplant centers have historically been reluctant to proceed with kidney transplantation in individuals with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs) due to concern for high rates of PCD recurrence and PCD‐related mortality. As novel therapies for PCDs have improved hematologic outcomes, strategies to optimize kidney transplantation in individuals with PCD‐mediated kidney disease are needed. In this single‐center case series we discuss our protocol for the transplantation of individuals with ESKD attributed to PCD as well as the hematologic and allograft outcomes of 12 kidney transplant recipients with ESKD attributed to PCD. Median follow‐up time after kidney transplantation was 44 months (IQR 36, 84). All patients had a functioning allograft 1 year after kidney transplantation. 9/12 patients were alive and had a functioning allograft 5 years after kidney transplantation. Five patients experienced relapse of PCD (of whom three responded well to subsequent therapies) and four patients developed secondary malignancies, including three patients with urologic malignancies. This case series demonstrates that patients with kidney disease attributed to PCD have favorable outcomes with kidney transplantation. Transplant evaluation in patients with PCDs should involve a multidisciplinary team of transplant nephrologists and oncologists to select appropriate candidates. Providers should consider screening for urologic malignancies pre‐ and post‐transplantation.
CDX2andSATB2positivity in pilomatrix carcinoma: Avoiding an erroneous diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis of gastrointestinal origin
Authors: Kenny Bret , Osmond Allison 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn 80‐year‐old female presented with a slowly growing 2‐cm nodule on her shoulder over a 1‐year period. Histopathologic sections of a biopsy specimen showed a multinodular, dermal‐based basaloid tumor with areas of clear‐cell change, stromal induction, as well as significant cytologic atypia and atypical mitotic activity. An initial investigation revealed positive staining of CDX2, a well‐known marker of tumors of gastrointestinal origin. The case was referred to our dermatopathology service for consultation to determine if the lesion was in keeping with a cutaneous metastasis. On receipt of the case, an extended immunohistochemical panel was performed including SATB2, which displayed a similar pattern of staining as seen with CDX2. Although pathologists are most familiar with CDX2 and SATB2 as markers of gastrointestinal origin, the recent dermatopathology literature highlights that primary adnexal lesions of the skin also display positivity for CDX2 and can exhibit SATB2 positivity. We share a case of pilomatrix carcinoma with positive expression of nuclear CDX2 and SATB2, adding to the recent literature to (a) increase recognition of this staining pattern in hair follicle tumors, and (b) discuss briefly the shared molecular underpinnings in the tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal tumors and tumors of hair follicle origin that help clarify this underrecognized immunohistochemical pattern.
The experience of a severe hypoglycaemic event from the perspective of people with diabetes and their caregivers: “What am I going to do?”
Authors: Stuckey Heather L. , Desai Urvi , King Sarah B. , Popadic Lyuba , Levinson William , Kirson Noam Y. , Hankosky Emily R. , Mitchell Beth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsAmong people with diabetes using insulin, severe hypoglycaemia (SH) can be a life‐threatening complication, if untreated. The personal experiences during an SH event from the perspectives of people with diabetes and their caregivers are not well‐characterized. This study assessed the perceptions of the event and the decision making processes of people with diabetes (T1D n = 36; T2D n = 24) and their caregivers during SH events.MethodsIn‐depth one‐on‐one telephone interviews were conducted with dyads of people with diabetes and caregivers in the United States (n = 120). An initial synopsis and inductive codebook schema were used to analyse the data with two independent coders (kappa = 0.87–0.89). Themes were developed from the codes, and codes were re‐mapped to the themes.ResultsFour themes were formed: (1) Caregivers scramble to do the right thing and support people with diabetes in treating SH; (2) Decision making capacity is impaired during an SH event, often a panicked time; (3) People learn to manage SH events through their own experiences and frequently make lifestyle changes to prevent and treat future events; and (4) Discussion with healthcare providers about SH, and particularly SH treatment, is limited.ConclusionsSH events are stressful and often evoke emotional reactions that can impair decision making. Thus, advance treatment planning of SH events needs to occur. Much of the knowledge about SH treatment derives from prior experience rather than healthcare provider guidance, suggesting a need for healthcare providers to initiate proactive discussions about SH treatment.
From financial structure to economic growth: Theory, evidence and challenges
Authors: Xu Guangdong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on the contributions of financial structure to economic growth. Whereas the theoretical literature clarifies the channels through which banks and financial markets may affect resource allocation and hence economic performance, the empirical evidence on the connection between financial structure and economic growth is mixed. There are several methodological problems inherent in the literature, including disparate studies that have been frequently mixed and confused, unsolved econometric issues (endogeneity, heterogeneity and omitted variables) and failure to consider the interaction between banks and capital markets. More rigorous single‐country studies are called for.
Internet of things‐based deeply proficient monitoring and protection system for crop field
Authors: Prabu A. V. , Kumar G. Sateesh , Rajasoundaran Soundararajan , Malla Prince Priya , Routray Sidheswar , Mukherjee Amrit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe production rate of crops is significantly declining due to natural disasters, animal interventions and plant diseases. Internet of things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks are widely applied in crop field monitoring systems to observe the quality of each plant and the field. This work proposes IoT based crop field protection system (ICFPS) that monitors and protects the crop fields from animal intrusions. This proposed system uses ultrasonic sensors, hyperspectral cameras, voice recorded buzzers and other agriculture sensors to protect the entire crop field. This system uses numerous sensor nodes and cameras for gathering field objects (images and environmental objects). The proposed ICFPS creates deep learning techniques such as recurrent convolutional neural networks (RCNN) and recurrent generative adversarial neural networks (RGAN) for feature extraction, disease detection and field data monitoring practices. This proposed work develops a smart city‐based agriculture system using cognitive learning approaches. This proposed system analyses crop field data and provide automatic alerts regarding animal interferences and crop diseases. Moreover, the cognitive smart crop field system observes various field conditions which support for good production rate. In this system, sensors and camera‐enabled agriculture drones are coordinated with each other to collect the field data regularly. At the same time, the proposed work trains the RCNN and RGAN units using effective crop field datasets to attain realistic decisions within minimal time intervals. The experiment details and results show the proposed ICFPS works with 8%–10% of more classification accuracy than existing systems.
Segmenting and equalizing narratives in the ILO's standard‐setting practice
Authors: HAHS Jenny , MÜCKENBERGER Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn shaping the employment relationship internationally, the ILO initially reproduced the Western normative narrative of the standard employment relationship (SER). When the global South and women gained a stronger voice within the ILO, a contrasting egalitarian narrative emerged, challenging the SER hegemony and creating a layering of narratives. Combining historical institutionalism and structuration theory, the authors follow the development of these narratives and consider how the resultant legal and normative conflicts between them can be explained by focusing on the composition of ILO membership and the representation of women in International Labour Conferences over time. The authors draw a number of legal‐political conclusions from their findings.
Orthorhombic‐like atomic arrangement in hafnium‐oxide‐based nanoparticles
Authors: Fujimoto Konomi , Sato Yukio , Fuchikami Yoshifumi , Teranishi Ryo , Kaneko Kenji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSize effect on ferroelectricity in nanoparticles (NPs) has been an important issue for decades. For NPs with a perovskite‐type crystal structure, which are the most popular ferroelectrics, ferroelectricity is believed to disappear for sizes below a critical value. However, newly discovered hafnium‐oxide‐based systems exhibit stronger ferroelectricity for thinner films that may be advantageous to produce smaller ferroelectric NPs, and the ferroelectricity is believed to originate from a polar orthorhombic phase. In the present study, zirconium‐doped hafnium oxide NPs with diameters of ∼3−4 nm were synthesized and then were clarified to be of a metastable phase with an orthorhombic‐like local atomic arrangement. This study implies that ferroelectricity may possibly be obtained in hafnium‐oxide‐based NPs.
Site construction of Eu2+ and sensitized luminescence of Eu3+ in LaF3:Eu nanophosphor
Authors: Chen Wanping , Ouyang Yuejun , Mo Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLaF3:Eu nanophosphors were prepared by a traditional hydrothermal method with citric acid as a reducing agent. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy were used to study the nanophosphors. The formation of three different luminescence centers of Eu2+ and two different luminescence centers of Eu3+ is attributed to the existence of abundant surface defects in this nanophosphor. Eu3+ is effectively excited by energy transfer from Eu2+ to Eu3+. The excitation wavelength of Eu3+ covers a broad spectral range from 250 to 480 nm. The nanophosphor shows a tunable luminescence color varying from blue to white and then to red, which is explained from three aspects of Eu concentration, energy transfer, and concentration quenching. Utilizing the surface defect of nanoparticles to control the reduction of Eu3+ is considered a promising strategy for exploring Eu2+ and Eu3+ codoped phosphor suitable for the lighting and display application.
Narcissistic individuals exhibit poor recognition memory
Authors: Giacomin Miranda , Brinton Christopher , Rule Nicholas O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere, we examine face memory among individuals who are self‐focused and care little about others' needs: grandiose narcissists. Given narcissistic individuals' excessive self‐focus and tendency to disregard the needs of others, they may struggle to recognize faces and their surrounding environment. Indeed, narcissistic individuals demonstrated worse recognition memory than non‐narcissistic individuals in recognition memory tests for faces (Studies 1 [N = 332] and 2 [N = 261]). This difference also occurred for nonsocial stimuli (i.e., objects, houses, cars), suggesting a broad recognition deficit (Study 3A [N = 178], 3B [N = 203], 3C [N = 274]). Narcissistic individuals' excessive self‐focus predicted this memory deficit (Study 4 [N = 187]). Grandiose narcissism may therefore influence visual recognition memory, highlighting the potential for future research linking personality and cognitive performance.
The effects of choreito on a model of nocturnal polyuria using Dahl salt‐sensitive rats
Authors: Iwamoto Takashi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Gotoh Daisuke , Hori Shunta , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Tokita Yohei , Kobayashi Ryohei , Aoki Katsuya , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine whether Dahl salt‐sensitive rats fed a high‐salt diet would show features of nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria and to examine the efficacy of choreito (CRT) on nocturnal polyuria.MethodsDahl salt‐sensitive rats were divided into three groups. Group A was fed a 4% salt diet, group B a 2% salt diet, and group C a normal 0.3% salt diet. In groups α and β, other rats were further divided into two groups: The rats in group α were fed a 2% salt plus 3% CRT diet, and those in group β, were fed a 2% salt diet. Each rat was placed in an individual metabolic cage for 24 hours every week for 6 weeks. Water intake, urine production, voiding frequency, and voided volume per micturition were recorded.ResultsThe systolic blood pressure increased in the group fed a 4% salt diet compared to groups fed with a 2% and 0.3% salt diet. The urinary volume was higher in the groups fed with 4% and 2% salt than in the group fed with 0.3% salt. Further, water intake in the group fed a 2% salt plus 3% CRT diet was significantly lower than that in the group fed with a 2% salt diet.ConclusionsDahl salt‐sensitive rats fed a 2% salt diet were candidates for a model of nocturnal polyuria. Using this model, we suggest that CRT reduces water intake in the active phase and contributes to water restriction in the treatment of nocturnal polyuria.
New forms of cultural nationalism? American and British Indians in the Trump and Brexit Twittersphere
Authors: Leidig Eviane , Ganesh Bharath , Bright Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiaspora networks are one of the key, but often invisible, drivers in reinforcing long‐distance nationalism towards the ‘homeland’ but simultaneously construct nationalist myths within their countries of residence. This article examines Indian diaspora supporters of Brexit and Trump in the United Kingdom and the United States who promote exclusionary nationalist imaginaries. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, it analyses British Indian and Indian American users that circulate radical right narratives within the Brexit and Trump Twittersphere. This article finds that these users express issues of concern pertinent to the radical right—for example, Islam and Muslims and the left‐oriented political and media establishment—by employing civic nationalist discourse that promotes cultural nationalism. It sheds light on digital practices among diaspora actors who participate in the reinvigoration of exclusionary nationalist imaginaries of the Anglo‐Western radical right.
Digital health for functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Pathipati Mythili P. , Shah Eric D. , Kuo Braden , Staller Kyle D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFunctional gastrointestinal disorders are a common but challenging set of conditions to treat. Gastroenterology practices often struggle to meet the needs of patients with functional disorders given the need for careful monitoring, frequent communication, and management of stressors that occur outside of the clinical setting. In recent years, applications in digital health have created a new set of tools that can improve the care of these patients, including through improved symptom tracking, physiologic monitoring, direct provision of care, and patient support.PurposeThe purpose of this review is to evaluate how digital applications are being used to manage functional gastrointestinal disorders today, with several examples of relevant technologies and organizations. It also the shortcomings of current treatment strategies and how they can be overcome.
From atoms to ecosystems: elementome diversity meets ecosystem functioning
Authors: Fernández‐Martínez Marcos 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe elemental composition of plants (the elementome) is a reliable indicator of their functional traits and the ecological strategies that they follow, and thus represents a good predictor of how ecosystems work. Biodiversity and, especially, functional diversity are also widely recognized as important drivers of ecosystem functioning, mainly because of niche partitioning amongst different species. Here, I review evidence indicating that plant elementomes relate to their ecological niches and how plant elemental concentrations may shift in response to abiotic and biotic drivers. I propose the use of ecosystem elementome diversity as a universal metric to compare ecosystems and investigate diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Future research using this promising novel approach will bring together elementomes, diversity, and ecosystem functioning.