bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Udmurt Pantheon and the Udmurt Worldview
Authors:   Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladykina Tatiana 
Published: November 2021

The research gives an overview of the Heavenly (in/inma/immu/inmu, lit: ‘heaven/heavenly earth’) area, its construction, and its gods. Udmurt narratives about the creation of the world are related to biblical subjects and images. In their folklore we find the image of a heavenly stove and heavenly table, i.e. the constellation of Ursa Major. The supreme deities include the creator God (Inmar, Kuaz’, Kyldys’in/Kylchin) and the female deities (Kaldyk-mumy/Kaltak, Shundy-mumy, “Mother-Sun / Mother of the Sun”, Invu-mumy “Mother of Heavenly Water / Heavenly Grace”, Invozho-mumy “Mother-Invozho, Goddess of Summer Feast Time, i.e. Transitional Time”, Gudyri-mumy, Thunder-Mother, Muz’’yem-mumy, Mother-Earth).
Forest Spirits in the Udmurt Worldview
Authors:   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (Udmurt Federal Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences), Panina Tatiana , Vladykina Tatiana ,   Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2021

Forest spirits are widely represented in the Udmurt traditional belief system. The present study is aimed at systematising traditional folk beliefs about the best-known mythological beings living in the woods, namely the n’ulesmurt (‘forest man’), palesmurt (lit: ‘half-man’), and obyda (‘forest woman’). The article provides a detailed description of the appearance of forest spirits, analyses their distinctive features and functions, and presents how beliefs about those mythological beings have evolved over the last centuries.
The Ritual Importance of the Chuk, a Symbolic Bundle of Thread
Authors:   Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladykina Tatiana , Glukhova Galina ,   Institute of Udmurt Philology, Finno-Ugric Studies and Journalism, Panina Tatiana ,   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (Udmurt Federal Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences)
Published: November 2021

The article aims to analyse one of the specific objects of Udmurt traditional culture, chuk (in southern dialects) / tug (in northern dialects), i.e. red thread/yarn; a bunch or bundle of different coloured threads, fringes, ribbons, shreds; towels, bedspreads, and kerchiefs. The multifunctional nature of the object is revealed in everyday and ritual contexts; it can be of different forms and convey various meanings. Depending on the situation, chuk is regarded as a label, a protective charm, a sacrifice gift, or a tangible symbol of a substitute for the human soul. In everyday situations chuk is used in apotropaic magic and folk medicine. For example, red thread/yarn is worn around the ring finger to cure a sty, or it can be worn on an infant’s right wrist to protect him or her against the evil eye. A bunch of wool or linen threads is attached to knitted and woven things when their pattern is copied. The custom of marking young animals with brightly coloured strips of material, usually red, has survived to this day. Chuk is an essential attribute in the Udmurt calendar rites of the spring and summer cycles, wedding ceremonies and recruit rites. In calendar rituals chuk is recognised as a kind of sacrificial offering or gift. Praising flourishing nature alongside youth and early adulthood, the rites of welcoming spring and summer (Vöy, Shrovetide; Akashka/Byddzh’ynnal, Easter; Gershyd, Whitsunday) are regularly marked by the offering of different types of cloth (towels, kerchiefs, head towels for young married women) to mark passage through different stage of life. At different stages of the wedding ceremony (including pre- and post-wedding) the semantics of chuk depends on how it correlates with the participants of the ceremony: in regard to the bride chuk is definitely recognised as a gift, in regard to the groom’s relatives and friends as a way to personify a humorous image of strangers. In recruits’ rites chuk is hammered into the main ceiling beam of the recruit’s house and serves as a material symbol of, or substitute for, the human soul of the recruit, combining the functions of a label, a protective charm and a sacrifice.
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Youth Participation in Local Government Planning and Budgeting in Iringa Municipality
Authors: Mpwehwe Paul Balivumu 
Published: November 2021

This study focused at exploring the socio-economic factors influencing youth participation in planning and budgeting in Local Government Authorities (LGA) in Iringa Municipal Council. The study employed a mixed approach where data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Findings from the study indicated that the youth did not participate in any activity in their LGA in the past three years whereby it was only 31(19.1%) of the youth respondents who participated in at least one of the local government activities in the past three years. Findings further indicated more male participation in planning and budgeting than female. On the other hand findings revealed that education has influence on youth participation in planning and budgeting whereby the more educated youth participated more than none educated youth. Based on the findings, it was concluded that there was an information gap between leaders and youth especially on local government planning and budgeting; hence the study recommended for creation of awareness on the right of the youth to participate in planning and budgeting. The study also recommended regular meetings with the youth in the wards/ streets to hear out their challenges and needs. Furthermore, the study urged the government to use youth friendly tools to create awareness to the youth on planning and budgeting processes and opportunities available in their locality and how they can tap into that pool of opportunity.
Knowledge and Level of Diabetes Mellitus Management Compliance among Clinic Attendees at Jericho Specialist Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: T. Olonisakin Bolatito , E. Ilesanmi Rose , A. Ojo Philip , A. Oluwamotemi Christiana , L. Adelekan Ademola 
Published: November 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has emerged as one of the most challenging public health problems in the 21st century, it is a serious public health problem that threatens the quality of life of patients which can lead to acute and chronic complications. This study, therefore, assessed knowledge and level of diabetes management compliance among clinic attendees at Jericho specialist hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study that employed a two-stage sampling technique was designed to fill this gap. The records revealed that the ratio of males to females was 1:3, the respondents were stratified by gender, so the proportion of females and males selected was based on the aforementioned ratios. Systematic random sampling was then used in selecting respondents who chose to participate in the study using the list of males and females in the hospital register who was at the clinic on the day of the interview as sampling frames. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on two hundred and twenty respondents. Knowledge scores of ≤7, >7 was rated poor and good respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The mean age was 49.7±10.29 years which many (72.2%) were female. Almost all the respondents (98.2%) had good knowledge of compliance with the management of diabetes. Many (74.1%) ascertained that they sometimes forget to take their diabetes drugs. Meanwhile, most (82.5%) reported that taking medication every day is a real inconvenience for some people as they could get annoyed about sticking to their blood glucose treatment plan.
Conclusion: There was generally good knowledge on the compliance to diabetes management which there is a need to consider the certain sociodemographic factors of the patients before recommending management.
In-vivo Study of the Efficacy of Sanjeevani Vati in Snake Venom Poisoining
Authors: S. Mohurle Pradip , Lambat Rajendra 
Published: November 2021

Background: Visha (Poison) is a substance, which after entering the body, disturbs natural and physiological functions of body (i.e. Dosha, Dhatu, Mala). Due to its potency, it may potentially cause death in a relatively short period. A significant proportion of Indians live in villages distant from the city and work in agriculture with their lower extremities exposed. Snake-rat habitat is more prevalent in rice and sugarcane fields.
Aims and Objective: To study the efficacy of Sanjeevani Vati in common cobra venom poisoning and Russell’s viper venom as a first aid measure.
Materials and Methods: The preparation of Sanjeevani Vatiis carried out in Department of Rasashastra, Govt. Ayurved College, Nagpur and venom was collected from snake farm’, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai. Animal Experiment for efficacy of Sanjeevani Vati as a first aid measure on Common cobra venom and Russell’s viper venom was carried out in National Toxicology Center (NTC) Pune.
Results: The results of survival period in Russell’s viper venom group were proved to be statistically significant. P value is 0.0055(Unpaired t-test; Two tail).But in results of Common Cobra venom, it was observed that there is no delay in appearance of paralysis, convulsion & survival period. In fact all these symptoms appear near about at same time, when Sanjeevani Vati was given orally after ingestion of Cobra Venom.
Conclusion: Sanjeevani Vati property is an ophidian. If you have Russell's viper venom, it is helpful as a first aid measure since it extends its life time. Poly Valent Anti snake venom serum does not interact with it (PVASVS).
A system for real‐time monitoring of breath‐hold via assessment of internal anatomy in tangential breast radiotherapy
Authors: Vasina Elena N. , Greer Peter , Thwaites David , Kron Tomas , Lehmann Joerg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) technique assists in sparing the heart, lungs, and liver during breast radiotherapy (RT). The quality of DIBH is currently assessed via surrogates which correlate to varying degrees with the patient's internal anatomy. Since modern linacs are equipped with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID), images of the irradiated anatomy streamed from EPIDs and analyzed in real time could significantly improve assessment of the quality of DIBH.A system has been developed to quantify the quality of DIBH during tangential breast RT by analyzing the “beam's eye view” images of the treatment fields. The system measures the lung depth (LD) and the distance from the breast surface to the posterior tangential radiation field edge (skin distance, SD) at three user‐defined locations.LD and SD measured in real time in EPID images of two RT phantoms showing different geometrical characteristics of their chest wall regions (computed tomography dose index [CTDI] and “END‐TO‐END” stereotactic body radiation therapy [E2E SBRT]) were compared with ground truth displacements provided by a precision motion platform. Performance of the new system was evaluated via static and dynamic (sine wave motion) measurements of LD and SD, covering clinical situations with stable and unstable breath‐hold. The accuracy and precision of the system were calculated as the mean and standard deviation of the differences between the ground truth and measured values.The accuracy of the static measurements of LD and SD for the CTDI phantom was 0.31 (1.09) mm [mean (standard deviation)] and –0.10 (0.14) mm, respectively. The accuracy of the static measurements for E2E SBRT phantom was 0.01 (0.18) mm and 0.05 (0.08) mm. The accuracy of the dynamic LD and SD measurements for the CTDI phantom was –0.50 (1.18) mm and 0.01 (0.12) mm, respectively. The accuracy of the dynamic measurements for E2E SBRT phantom was –0.03 (0.19) mm and 0.01 (0.11) mm.
Acceptability of an Adolescent Self‐Management Program for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Chomistek Kelsey , Barnabe Cheryl , Naqvi Syeda Farwa , Birnie Kathryn A. , Johnson Nicole , Luca Nadia , Miettunen Paivi , Santana Maria J. , Stinson Jennifer , Schmeling Heinrike 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe study objective was to test the acceptability of a self‐management program (SMP) for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) focused on disease information, self‐management, and social support needs.MethodsThis study was conducted using inductive qualitative methods to explore the acceptability of an in‐person/videoconference SMP. Two groups of four adolescents with JIA (mean age = 13.5, SD = 0.8) and two groups of pediatric rheumatology health care professionals (n = 4, n = 5) participated in four feedback sessions each. The SMP was presented to study participants, and feedback was provided on the content, format, and structure of the program. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsAdolescents felt that the content was appropriate and would be effective in supporting self‐management of their arthritis. Participants advised that the trustworthiness of the information would be increased if a rheumatology health care provider facilitated the session. Potential barriers to participation included distance and availability (weekdays and times), but the option for videoconference‐based participation was an appropriate solution to both of these issues. Minor changes were made to content and format, and required changes were made to address participant recommendations for improvement.ConclusionThis study confirmed the acceptability of an in‐person/videoconference SMP for patients with JIA. Modifications were made to the SMP based on the focus group feedback, and future directions include a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the program.
Quantitative Determination of Contradictory Bandgap Values of Bulk PdSe2 from Electrical Transport Properties
Authors: Nishiyama Wataru , Nishimura Tomonori , Ueno Keiji , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Nagashio Kosuke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract2D PdSe2, a Group 10 noble metal dichalcogenide, has been reported to have a strong thickness‐dependent bandgap energy, ranging from ≈1.6 eV (monolayer) to ≈0.05 eV (bulk) and a high photoresponsivity for bulk samples in the far infrared wavelength range of 10.6 μm. However, a middle bandgap of ≈0.5 eV has been contradictorily reported for bulk PdSe2 via optical absorption measurements. In this study, detailed electrical transport measurements are conducted to solve this contradiction. The key difference between narrow gap and middle gap semiconductors is the contribution of a depletion layer to the transfer characteristics. Hall measurements reveal intrinsic p‐type carrier densities of ≈1.9 × 1018 cm−3 at 300 K and the contribution of the depletion layer to the transfer characteristics for bulk PdSe2, suggesting a middle bandgap. Moreover, the maximum depletion width (WDm) is determined from top‐ and back‐gate coupling in dual gate transistors to be ≈17–18 nm. Based on the WDm – acceptor density diagram, the bandgap of bulk PdSe2 is quantitatively estimated to be ≈0.3 eV. Although this is not a desirable result from the viewpoint of far infrared material, it helps us to correctly understand the mechanism for the photoresponse of PdSe2.
Controlling and Focusing In‐Plane Hyperbolic Phonon Polaritons in α‐MoO3 with a Curved Plasmonic Antenna
Authors: Zheng Zebo , Jiang Jingyao , Xu Ningsheng , Wang Ximiao , Huang Wuchao , Ke Yanlin , Zhang Shouren , Chen Huanjun , Deng Shaozhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) sustained in polar van der Waals (vdW) crystals exhibit extraordinary confinement of long‐wave electromagnetic fields to the deep subwavelength scale. In stark contrast to uniaxial vdW hyperbolic materials, recently emerged biaxial hyperbolic materials, such as α‐MoO3 and α‐V2O5, offer new degrees of freedom for controlling light in two‐dimensions due to their distinctive in‐plane hyperbolic dispersions. However, the control and focusing of these in‐plane HPhPs remain elusive. Here, a versatile technique is proposed for launching, controlling, and focusing in‐plane HPhPs in α‐MoO3 with geometrically designed curved gold plasmonic antennas. It is found that the subwavelength manipulation and focusing behaviors are strongly dependent on the curvature of the antenna extremity. This strategy operates effectively in a broadband spectral region. These findings not only provide fundamental insights into the manipulation of light by biaxial hyperbolic crystals at the nanoscale but also open up new opportunities for planar nanophotonic applications.
Electrical Conductivity Enhancement and Electronic Applications of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene Materials
Authors: Qiao Chunyang , Wu Han , Xu Xiyan , Guan Zhengxin , Ou‐Yang Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the past 10 years, MXene (transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides), a 2D nanomaterial, has become one of the research hotspots with its hydrophilic ends, solution machinability, and excellent electronic, mechanical, and optical characteristics. Herein, recent progress on Ti3C2Tx MXene materials is reviewed, analyzed, and evaluated with highlights on their electrical performances and applications. The progress on electrical conductivity enhancement of Ti3C2Tx MXene is carefully reviewed from a number of aspects in Ti3AlC2 MAX phase precursor, synthesis methods, delamination treatment, removal of delamination compounds, surface terminations, thin‐film deposition methods, and storage environment and time. Finally, a summary is provided and the challenges are discussed to further enhance the electrical conductivity.
Mechanism of Actuation in Nickel Hydroxide/Oxyhydroxide Photoactuators
Authors: Hadden Joseph H. L. , Bouchet Marie , Morgan George , Riley D. Jason 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding novel actuating materials which respond to a variety of stimuli is key in the development of micro/nanoscale robotics. In this work, the mechanism of actuation in nickel hydroxide/oxyhydroxide actuators by the intercalation/deintercalation of water is examined. This effect is studied under the stimuli of visible light, photoactuation, and by increased environmental temperature, thermoactuation. The photoactuation is modelled using a mechanical model, and it is demonstrated that the experimentally observed intrinsic strain can be achieved with a low deintercalation of water, around 1%. This low level of water exchange is supported by structural changes observed during heating using thin film X‐ray diffraction (XRD), as well as time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) by isotopic exchange using D2O. These results show the water intercalation hypothesis is both possible and measurable. Future development must take this mechanism into account when designing materials for improved actuation performance.
Interfacial Stress‐Modulated Mechanosensitive Upconversion Luminescence of NaErF4 Based Heteroepitaxial Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Bao Haoqiang , Wang Wang , Li Xu , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang Ling , Yan Xu , Wang Yinghui , Wang Chenguang , Jia Xiaoteng , Sun Peng , Kong Xianggui , Zhang Hong , Lu Geyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe resulting interfacial stress in heteroepitaxial nanocomplex usually has negligible influence on its performance, but at high pressures (HP) the effect can be significantly amplified. In order to unravel the underlying mechanism and search for high quality pressure sensors, a simple object is employed, NaErF4@NaLnF4 (Ln = Y, Lu, Gd) and its Tm3+‐doped derivatives, to comparatively study the effect of interfacial stress on upconversion (UC) luminescence. Specifically, the doping enhances greatly mechanosensitivity because of the anisotropic local geometry of the dopant ions of which the structural distortion is amplified by HP. The generated compressive strain does extend into the core as witnessed by the effect of tensile strain in the shell on the core and the fact that Lu‐shelled nanoparticles are the most sensitive to external force among Tm3+‐doped system. This compressive strain in concert with the external HP intensifies the coupling between Er3+ and Tm3+, making the attenuation of green UC emission more pronounced. The red to green UC emission ratio of this material, robust both in structural and optical properties, increases linearly with pressure in the range from ambient to 9 GPa. The study opens a new horizon for understanding the effect of interfacial stress on UC luminescence.
Duration of chilling phase, but not thermal condition, influence the gonad maturation of male and female domesticated pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)
Authors: Milla Sylvain , Khendek Amine , Zarski Daniel , Ledoré Yannick , Ben Ammar Imen , Fontaine Pascal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to determine the influence of the thermal level and duration of chilling period on the initiation and progress of gonadogenesis and gametogenesis under controlled conditions in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). A set of 120 fish was distributed into eight tanks (15 fish per tank). The effects of two temperatures (6 or 12°C) in combination with two durations of chilling period, either short (S; 75 days at 6°C and 125 days at 12°C) or long (L; 135 days at 6°C and 185 days at 12°C), were investigated for the effect on growth, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), gamete developmental stage and sex‐steroid levels (17 beta‐estradiol‐E2 and testosterone‐T). These zootechnical and physiological parameters were selected as they reflect the progressive advancement of gametogenesis in percids including pikeperch. The results show that the temperature did not affect the reproductive parameters but down‐regulated the HSI and the condition factor in females. In addition, the exposure to a longer chilling period, whatever the temperature, allowed for (1) further advancement of gonadogenesis in females (GSI = 6.5% vs. 11%), (2) further advancement of gametogenesis (0% vs. 60% of oocytes at late vitellogenesis, 15% vs. 80% of spermatozoa in males) and (3) the maintenance or increase of plasma sex steroids in both sexes (e.g. 10 ng/mL vs. 27 ng/mL of T in females). Together with already published data, these results suggest that, depending on the features of fish populations and photothermal programmes, the maintenance of temperature at either 6 or 12°C does not necessarily impact pikeperch gonad maturation. However, the duration of the chilling period is an important factor for the optimization of gonadogenesis and gametogenesis achievement before reproduction.