bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Tourism on the Economic Development of Kosovo
Authors: KOVAÇI Idriz , HASANAJ Petrit , KRASNIQI Avni , TAHIRI Alberta 
Published: February 2021

The Tourism sector of Kosovo’s Economy is dominated by small and medium economic agents(operators), meanwhile large economic agents(operators) are still under privatisation processes, for this reason there is a necessity for a more favorable sectorial strategy which will provide long term stability to tourism operators, oferring a diverse tourism product portfolio. Based on the methods and models of stabile developments in tourism presented in this paper, tourism operators will find it easier to coordinate with their respective communities and the public sector to promote the clear message to the tourist regarding the tourism products offered of specific tourist destinations. The analysis shows opportunities for the application of, and potential for integration of those operators in the planning of tourism on a significant scale. Following a theoretical review, a model is proposed in the planning of tourism based on their respective communities. To analyse the differences between the theoretical model and practical application, we examine the Tourism Region of the Albanian Alps of Kosovo.The findings in this study highlight the challenges of institutions in seeking to identify appropriate responsibilities and coordination strategies of all agents involved in the processes of the planning and development of a stabile tourism sector. The Tourism Region taken for example in this paper offers critical evaluation on how to help tourism strategists on their approach in the composition of tourism policy with the aim of helping agents (operators) improve their planning and development methods of tourism, in full cooperation of their respective communities, while also giving aid in guiding organizational direction in seeking new tourism regions in Kosovo.
QoS Based Optimal Resource Allocation and Workload Balancing for Fog Enabled IoT
Authors: Khalid Adnan , ul Ain Qurat , Qasim Awais , Aziz Zeeshan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper is aimed at efficiently distributing workload between the Fog Layer and the Cloud Network and then optimizing resource allocation in cloud networks to ensure better utilization and quick response time of the resources available to the end user. We have employed a Dead-line aware scheme to migrate the data between cloud and Fog networks based on data profiling and then used K-Means clustering and Service-request prediction model to allocate the resources efficiently to all requests. To substantiate our model, we have used iFogSim, which is an extension of the CloudSim simulator. The results clearly show that when an optimized network is used the Quality of Service parameters exhibit better efficiency and output.
Covering classes and 1-tilting cotorsion pairs over commutative rings
Authors: Bazzoni Silvana , Le Gros Giovanna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We are interested in characterising the commutative rings for which a 1-tilting cotorsion pair

(
𝒜
,
𝒯
)

{(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{T})}

provides for covers, that is when the class

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is a covering class.
We use Hrbek’s bijective correspondence between the 1-tilting cotorsion pairs over a commutative ring R and the faithful finitely generated Gabriel topologies on R.
Moreover, we use results of Bazzoni–Positselski, in particular a generalisation of Matlis equivalence and their characterisation of covering classes for 1-tilting cotorsion pairs arising from flat injective ring epimorphisms.
Explicitly, if

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

is the Gabriel topology associated to the 1-tilting cotorsion pair

(
𝒜
,
𝒯
)

{(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{T})}

, and

R
𝒢

{R_{\mathcal{G}}}

is the ring of quotients with respect to

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

, we show that if

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is covering, then

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

is a perfect localisation (in Stenström’s sense [B. Stenström, Rings of Quotients, Springer, New York, 1975]) and the localisation

R
𝒢

{R_{\mathcal{G}}}

has projective dimension at most one as an R-module.
Moreover, we show that

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

is covering if and only if both the localisation

R
𝒢

{R_{\mathcal{G}}}

and the quotient rings

R
/
J

{R/J}

are perfect rings for every

J
∈
𝒢

{J\in\mathcal{G}}

.
Rings satisfying the latter two conditions are called

𝒢

{\mathcal{G}}

-almost perfect.
Risk assessment of geological disasters in Nyingchi, Tibet
Authors: Wu Chenshuang , Guo Yonggang , Su Libin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To reduce the adverse effects of geological disasters on Nyingchi, this article selected nine highly correlated risk assessment factors for the types of geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows and used two methods of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for analysis and comparison. The spatial overlay analysis of each factor with weight is carried out in ArcGIS to make a classification map of geological hazards in Nyingchi. Risk assessment of geological disasters such as collapses, landslides, and mudslides indicates that the slope, distance from the faults, and relative elevation difference of topography have severe impact on natural disasters; at least more than 60% of the areas belong to medium-, high-, and extremely high-risk areas, and it is urgent to strengthen protection and governance; the evaluation results of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process are more in line with the actual survey situation and are more suitable for Tibet. This research is able to provide a basis for ecological protection, ecological restoration, and geological disaster prevention and management in southeastern Tibet. It also has important reference value for the coordinated development of urban and the environmental projects.
COVID-19 and neurology perspective
Authors: Singh Shivani , Ahirwar Ashok Kumar , Asia Priyanka , Gopal Niranjan , Kaim Kirti , Ahirwar Pradeep 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS CoV2 (The novel corona virus) has already taken lives of many people across the globe even more than anyone could have imagined. This outbreak occurred in China and since then it is expanding its devastating effects by leaps and bounds. Initially it appeared to be an outbreak of pneumonia but soon it was found to be much more than that and the infectivity was found to be very high. This is the reason that it has taken whole globe in its trap and become a pandemic in such a short span of time. Death is occurring because it is a new virus and human body has no specific antibodies for it. Presently there is no approved vaccine so everyone is susceptible but people with co-morbidities appear to be in more risk and the best way for protection is social distancing and increasing one’s natural immunity by taking healthy diet and exercise. When a person is infected the clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe ARDS, sudden onset of anosmia, headache, cough may be the initial symptoms. This review is focused on immunopathology and effect of COVID-19 on neurological disorders and also the neurological manifestations and the treatment.
Die Erfindung des Investiturstreits
Authors: Kohl Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht, wann und wie die Laieninvestitur zum zentralen Streitgegenstand im sogenannten „Investiturstreit“ wurde und in welchem Kontext der Begriff Investiturstreit entstand. Er plädiert dafür, lediglich die letzte Phase der Auseinandersetzungen von 1100/11 bis 1122 als „Investiturstreit“ zu bezeichnen und von der durch Schismen gekennzeichneten Zeit davor abzusetzen. Denn erst nach 1100, vor allem nach der Gefangennahme Paschalis’ II. und der Ausstellung des Investiturprivilegs 1111, trat das Thema „Laieninvestitur“ in den Vordergrund der Auseinandersetzungen. Die vorangegangenen Konflikte der Zeit Heinrichs IV., die tatsächlich auf einer unübersichtlichen Gemengelage von Themen und Konfliktlinien beruhten, wurden seit 1111 retrospektiv als Investiturkonflikte gedeutet. Mit der steigenden Bedeutung der Laieninvestitur hing eine subtile Bedeutungsverschiebung des Wortes „investitura“ zusammen, denn die Investitur wurde zunehmend als der entscheidende Vorgang in der Erhebung eines Bischofs oder Abts verstanden. Obwohl die Laieninvestitur den Zeitgenossen seit 1111 allgemein als zentraler Konfliktgegenstand galt, findet sich eine Charakterisierung als „querela investiturarum“ oder „controversia investiturae“ erst seit den 1120er Jahren. Dies geschah vor allem in Kontexten, in denen ein Kontrast zwischen Heinrich V. und den Königen von England (bei William von Malmesbury) und Frankreich (bei Suger von Saint-Denis) hergestellt werden sollte. Übernimmt man diese Deutung der Auseinandersetzungen im Reich zwischen 1076 und 1122 als Investiturstreit, so schließt man sich einerseits der rückblickenden Deutung der Zeit nach 1111 und andererseits den politisch motivierten Interpretationen des Geschehens seit den 1120/30er Jahren an und verstellt damit den Blick auf die Hintergründe der Auseinandersetzungen der Zeit Heinrichs IV. sowie ihren europäischen Kontext.
The uncertainty of CRUST1.0
Authors: Sjöberg Lars E. , Abrehdary Majid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As crustal structure models based on seismic and other data are frequently used as a-priori information for further geophysical and geological studies and interpretations (e. g., for gravity inversion), it is important to accurately document their qualities. For instance, the uncertainties in published crustal structures deeply affect the accuracies of produced Moho contour maps. The qualities in seismic crustal models arise from several factors such as the survey method, the spatial resolution of the survey (for example the spacing of the shot points and the recording stations), and the analytical techniques utilized to process the data. It is difficult to determine the uncertainties associated with seismic based crustal depth/Moho depth (MD) models, and even more difficult to use such data for estimating the Moho density contrast (MDC) and its accuracy. However, there is another important observable available today, namely global satellite gravitational data, which are fairly homogeneous v. r. t. accuracy and distribution over the planet. For instance, we find by simple error propagation, using the error covariance matrix of the GOCE TIM5 gravitational model, that this model can determine the MD to a global RMS error of 0.8 km with a resolution of about 1° for a known MDC of 200

kg
/

m

3

\text{kg}/{\text{m}^{3}}

. However, the uncertainty in the MDC will further deteriorate the result.
We present a new method for estimating the MD and MDC uncertainties of one model by comparing it with another (correlated or uncorrelated) model with known uncertainty. The method is applied in estimating the uncertainty for the CRUST1.0 MD model from four global models (CRUST19, MDN07, GEMMA1.0, KTH15C), yielding mean standard errors varying between 2 and 4.9 km in ocean regions and between 3.2 and 6.0 km on land regions with overall means of 3.8±0.4 and

4.8
±
0.6

km

4.8\pm 0.6\hspace{0.1667em}\text{km}

, respectively.
Also, starting from the KTH15C MDC model, the mean standard error of CRUST1.0 MDC was estimated to 47.4 and 48.3

kg
/

m

3

\text{kg}/{\text{m}^{3}}

for ocean and land regions, respectively.
A new species of Cynomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from the northwestern slope of the Andes
Authors: Arenas-Viveros Daniela , Sánchez-Vendizú Pamela , Giraldo Alan , Salazar-Bravo Jorge 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The systematics and taxonomy of the broadly distributed bats of the genus Cynomops has changed considerably in the last few years. Among the major changes, Cynomops abrasus was split into two species of large-bodied forms (Cynomops mastivus and C. abrasus) distributed east of the Andes. However, large Colombian specimens identified as C. abrasus from the western side of the Andes had yet to be included in any revisionary work. Phylogenetic analysis performed in this study, using mtDNA sequences (Cytochrome-b), revealed that these Colombian individuals are more closely related to Cynomops greenhalli. Morphological and molecular data allowed us to recognize populations from western Colombia, western Ecuador and northwestern Peru, as members of a new species of Cynomops. Characters that allow for its differentiation from C. greenhalli include a larger forearm, paler but more uniform ventral pelage, more globular braincase, and well-developed zygomatic processes of the maxilla (almost reaching the postorbital constriction). This study serves as another example of the importance of including multiple lines of evidence in the recognition of a new species. Given its rarity and the advanced transformation of its habitat, this new species is particularly important from a conservation perspective.
Hardwood kraft pulp fibre oxidation using acidic hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Martinsson Axel , Hasani Merima , Theliander Hans 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gaining insight into the oxidation of hardwood kraft fibres using hydrogen peroxide at mildly acidic conditions was the main aim of this study. The oxidized hardwood pulp had an increased number of carbonyl groups and, when formed into sheets, an enhanced durability in water was seen due to the formation of cross-links, known as hemiacetals. The carbonyl groups formed were found to be mainly ketones with the exception of the case with longer reaction times (60–90 minutes) at 85 °C, where aldehydes were detected. Through compositional analysis it was found that mainly xylan was oxidized, likely due to the higher amount of xylan close to the surface of the fibre wall. The influence of xylan on the oxidation process was investigated using cold caustic extraction (CCE) performed prior to oxidation. When the CCE pulp was oxidized, there was an increased rate of introduced carbonyl groups and degradation was more pronounced. This is likely due to the accessible surface area being increased, caused by the formation of pores when the lower molecular weight xylan was being extracted during CCE.
Norepinephrine was superior in death risk reducing and hemodynamics compared to dopamine in treatment of patients with septic shock
Authors: Lu Xudong , Xu Xianghua , Wu Yueying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
To investigate the clinical effects of norepinephrine versus dopamine in treatment of septic shock by pooling the data form open published clinical trials.

Material and Methods
The clinical trials relevant to norepinephrine versus dopamine in treatment of septic shock were electronically searched in the databases of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google scholar and CNKI. The original data related to the treatment effects such as death risk, oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics index were extracted from the included original studies. The death risk was pooled by the effect size of relative risk (RR), the oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics index were pooled by standard mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The publication bias was evaluated by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's line regression test.

Results
Thirteen clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated the death risk was significantly decreased (RR=0.89, 95%CI:0.81 to 0.98, p=0.024) in septic shock patients who received norepinephrine compared to those receiving dopamine. The HR (SMD=−1.84, 95%CI: −2.86 to −0.81, p<0.01) and cardiac index (SMD=−0.74, 95%CI: −1.01 to −0.48, p<0.01) were lower in norepinephrine group compared to dopamine group. The systemic vascular resistance index (SMD=1.33, 95%CI:0.62 to 2.04, p<0.01) in norepinephrine group was higher than those of dopamine group with statistical difference. The Begg's funnel plot and Egger's line regression test (t=−0.84, p=0.425) showed no publication bias.

Conclusions
Based on the present evidence, norepinephrine was superior to dopamine in the aspects of death risk reducing and hemodynamics.
Deployment of I don’t know and wakannai in second language classroom peer discussions
Authors: Hosoda Yuri , Aline David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This conversation analytic study explicates the differential actions of the English phrase I don’t know (IDK) and its equivalent in Japanese, wakannai, as deployed by Japanese learners of English during peer discussions for language learning. By examining natural classroom interaction, we explore second language (L2) speakers’ use of these tokens for various pragmatic actions. The data consist of 47 h of discussions in English language classes in three Japanese universities. The discussions were carried out in the target language, English, for the most part, but occasionally the participants used their common first language (L1), Japanese. All cases of IDK and wakannai examined here occurred in first positions during production of opinions or first assessments. The analysis revealed that within a single discussion session, the participants marshalled IDK and wakannai to perform differential actions. Overwhelmingly, in our data, IDK was deployed to manage their epistemic stance, while wakannai was produced to make a public assertion of their insufficient knowledge.
An Intersemiotic Translation of Nkape Anya Ukwu
Authors: Nwike Christopher Chinedu 
Published: February 2021

Translation is involved with the information exchange from a language to the other. This study sets to work on the intersemiotic form of translation by focusing on ‘An intersemiotic translation of Nkape Anya Ukwu’ produced by Chianakwalam, S. W. in 1950 with the purpose of transferring the message of the source text from African orthography to the standard Igbo. In carrying out this exercise, the researcher adopted the phonetic and phonemic orthography a well as the 1984 descriptive translation theory of Toury as the frameworks of the study in order to properly render the ST into a standardized orthography. The study adopted the description in its analysis due to its nature, as it involves a literary text that embodies story telling. So, in order to retell or re-express the ST information in the standard Igbo, the researcher then explicates the same meaning by using standard Igbo orthography, and still maintains the original message without meaning loss. This study equally dwells on a chapter of Nkape Anya Ukwu in its analysis as it is enough to provide all the information that is needed in the study. The study discovered changes in the increase in number and rearrangements in the orthographies. In the course of this study, it is discovered that there is no much problem during the process of this qualitative research work because, the source text and the target text shares the same cultural background; in other words, they share all most everything in common.
Retratos da Juventude: um Enfoque Sobre o Sistema Penitenciário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Nascimento Filho Manoel do , Schneider Suzana 
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O número de jovens do sexo masculino no sistema penitenciário é muito significativo. Entender em que situações se encontram os jovens infratores no sistema penitenciário, provou ser um grande desafio. Este documento supera esses desafios, visando relatar o contexto do sistema prisional oferecendo novos insights sobre a realidade do encarceramento. O objetivo geral é identificar os anseios e perspectivas dos jovens do sexo masculino, junto ao sistema prisional no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sob o olhar de profissionais que atum na área. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizadas entre os anos de 2011 à 2018. Os resultados apontam a falta de ressocialização dos detentos, um histórico de violência, a presença do tráfego de drogas no interior dos presídios, abusos e, o descontrole existente por parte do Estado. Palavras-chaves: Descontrole por parte do Estado; Reincidência; Sistema Penitenciário. ABSTRACT The number of young men in the prison system is very significant. Understanding the situation of young offenders in the prison system proved to be a great challenge. This document overcomes these challenges, aiming to report the context of the prison system by offering new insights into the reality of incarceration. The general objective is to identify the desires and perspectives of young men, with the prison system in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, under the eyes of professionals who tuna in the area. It is a qualitative research, carried out between the years 2011 to 2018. The results point to the lack of re-socialization of the detainees, a history of violence, the presence of drug traffic inside the prisons, abuses and, the existing lack of control by part of the state. Keywords: State's lack of control; Recurrence; Penitentiary system.
Tissue Optical Clearing in the Ultraviolet for Clinical Use in Dentistry to Optimize the Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Selifonov Alexey A. , Tuchin Valery V. 
Published: February 2021

The immersion optical clearing (OC) treatment with a highly concentrated glycerol solution has induced three new tissue windows in the UV spectral range of gingival tissues – from 200 to 250 nm, from 250 to 300 nm and from 300 to 400 nm. By combining the immersion OC technique in human tissues with UV-spectroscopy, it was possible to verify and study the major OC mechanisms – tissue dehydration and refractive index matching, and that the OC efficiency is higher in the deep-UV than in the visible-NIR range. Since all biological tissues present high scattering in the UV range, the presented technology, which basically reduces the strong light scattering in the UV range, has a broad application area in medicine. The effectiveness of the developed technology combining UV phototherapy and OC in application to treatment of aphthous recurrent stomatitis in children was demonstrated.
La eficiencia: entre la realidad y la ficción
Authors: Peña Viviana 
Published: February 2021

La eciencia en la gestión organizacional ha sido el constructo más estudiado de la administración. Su popularidad se sustenta en algo más que una coincidencia dejada al azar; se remonta a los orígenes mismos de la era industrial a nales del siglo XVIII, cuando los nuevos empresarios mercantilistas propugnaban por construir economías de escala que permitieran la subsistencia del negocio y el cambio en los modelos de producción industrial. De esos tiempos devinieron los de la era informática y la de las telecomunicaciones, bajo cuyo predominio siguieron las tendencias a inversiones cuantiosas de grandes grupos económicos, las más de las veces, oligopólicos.
Más allá del mercado alternativo de valores: en la búsqueda de una mayor gestión profesional en las empresas peruanas
Authors: Contreras Efraín 
Published: February 2021

La Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores(SMV), ha tomado medidas cortoplacistas, al flexibilizarel reglamento del Mercado Alternativo de Valores (MAV), que terminarán por atender únicamente los síntomas y cuestionarnos la efectividad de su labor de difusión y promoción del mercado de valores local. En ese contexto, buscaremos contestar qué es lo que realmente hay detrás del débil desempeño del MAV; y veremos que no es responsabilidad única de la SMV, sino que se trata de un desafío mayor - más allá del MAV - pues se tiene que mejorar sustancialmente la gestión profesional de las empresas peruanas, especialmente de las pequeñas y medianas.
La era digital y el futuro de las organizaciones
Authors: Zilberman Jack 
Published: February 2021

Somos actores y espectadores privilegiados de cambios acelerados y disruptivos en estos últimos cinco años. Desde una revolución energética en la cual se desploma el precio de petróleo, el costo de la energía solar cae en un 40% y el de una batería de Litio-Ion en un 60% a una revolución denominada economía de los recursos compartidos, cuyo valor estimado pasaría de 15 a 335 mil millones de dólares en el 2025.