bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact and recovery of asteroid 2018 LA
Authors: Jenniskens Peter , Gabadirwe Mohutsiwa , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Proyer Alexander , Moses Oliver , Kohout Tomas , Franchi Fulvio , Gibson Roger L. , Kowalski Richard , Christensen Eric J. , Gibbs Alex R. , Heinze Aren , Denneau Larry , Farnocchia Davide , Chodas Paul W. , Gray William , Micheli Marco , Moskovitz Nick , Onken Christopher A. , Wolf Christian , Devillepoix Hadrien A. R. , Ye Quanzhi , Robertson Darrel K. , Brown Peter , Lyytinen Esko , Moilanen Jarmo , Albers Jim , Cooper Tim , Assink Jelle , Evers Läslo , Lahtinen Panu , Seitshiro Lesedi , Laubenstein Matthias , Wantlo Nggie , Moleje Phemo , Maritinkole Joseph , Suhonen Heikki , Zolensky Michael E. , Ashwal Lewis , Hiroi Takahiro , Sears Derek W. , Sehlke Alexander , Maturilli Alessandro , Sanborn Matthew E. , Huyskens Magdalena H. , Dey Supratim , Ziegler Karen , Busemann Henner , Riebe My E. I. , Meier Matthias M. M. , Welten Kees C. , Caffee Marc W. , Zhou Qin , Li Qiu‐Li , Li Xian‐Hua , Liu Yu , Tang Guo‐Qiang , McLain Hannah L. , Dworkin Jason P. , Glavin Daniel P. , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Sabbah Hassan , Joblin Christine , Granvik Mikael , Mosarwa Babutsi , Botepe Koketso 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe June 2, 2018 impact of asteroid 2018 LA over Botswana is only the second asteroid detected in space prior to impacting over land. Here, we report on the successful recovery of meteorites. Additional astrometric data refine the approach orbit and define the spin period and shape of the asteroid. Video observations of the fireball constrain the asteroid's position in its orbit and were used to triangulate the location of the fireball's main flare over the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Twenty‐three meteorites were recovered. A consortium study of eight of these classifies Motopi Pan as an HED polymict breccia derived from howardite, cumulate and basaltic eucrite, and diogenite lithologies. Before impact, 2018 LA was a solid rock of ~156 cm diameter with high bulk density ~2.85 g cm−3, a relatively low albedo pV ~ 0.25, no significant opposition effect on the asteroid brightness, and an impact kinetic energy of ~0.2 kt. The orbit of 2018 LA is consistent with an origin at Vesta (or its Vestoids) and delivery into an Earth‐impacting orbit via the ν6 resonance. The impact that ejected 2018 LA in an orbit toward Earth occurred 22.8 ± 3.8 Ma ago. Zircons record a concordant U‐Pb age of 4563 ± 11 Ma and a consistent 207Pb/206Pb age of 4563 ± 6 Ma. A much younger Pb‐Pb phosphate resetting age of 4234 ± 41 Ma was found. From this impact chronology, we discuss what is the possible source crater of Motopi Pan and the age of Vesta's Veneneia impact basin.
Resuscitation of the microbial seed bank alters plant‐soil interactions
Authors: Kuo Venus , Lehmkuhl Brent K. , Lennon Jay T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile microorganisms are recognized for driving belowground processes that influence the productivity and fitness of plant populations, the vast majority of bacteria and fungi in soil belong to a seed bank consisting of dormant individuals. However, plant performance may be affected by microbial dormancy through its effects on the activity, abundance, and diversity of soil microorganisms. To test how microbial seed banks influence plant‐soil interactions, we purified recombinant resuscitation promoting factor (Rpf), a bacterial protein that terminates dormancy. In a factorially designed experiment, we then applied the Rpf to soil containing field mustard (Brassica rapa), an agronomically important plant species. Plant biomass was ~33% lower in the Rpf treatment compared to plants grown with an unmanipulated microbial seed bank. In addition, Rpf reduced soil respiration, decreased bacterial abundance, and increased fungal abundance. These effects of Rpf on plant performance were accompanied by shifts in bacterial community composition, which may have diluted mutualists or resuscitated pathogens. Our findings suggest that changes in microbial seed banks may influence the magnitude and direction of plant‐soil feedbacks in ways that affect above‐ and belowground biodiversity and function.
Chaperone‐mediated coupling of subunit availability to activation of flagellar Type III secretion
Authors: Bryant Owain J. , Chung Betty Y.‐W. , Fraser Gillian M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBacterial flagellar subunits are exported across the cell membrane by the flagellar Type III Secretion System (fT3SS), powered by the proton motive force (pmf) and a specialized ATPase that enables the flagellar export gate to utilize the pmf electric potential (ΔΨ). Export gate activation is mediated by the ATPase stalk, FliJ, but how this process is regulated to prevent wasteful dissipation of pmf in the absence of subunit cargo is not known. Here, we show that FliJ activation of the export gate is regulated by flagellar export chaperones. FliJ binds unladen chaperones and, by using novel chaperone variants specifically defective for FliJ binding, we show that disruption of this interaction attenuates motility and cognate subunit export. We demonstrate in vitro that chaperones and the FlhA export gate component compete for binding to FliJ, and show in vivo that unladen chaperones, which would be present in the cell when subunit levels are low, sequester FliJ to prevent activation of the export gate and attenuate subunit export. Our data indicate a mechanism whereby chaperones couple availability of subunit cargo to pmf‐driven export by the fT3SS.
How does temperature trigger biofilm adhesion and growth in Candida albicans and two non‐Candida albicans Candida species?
Authors: Casagrande Pierantoni Debora , Corte Laura , Casadevall Arturo , Robert Vincent , Cardinali Gianluigi , Tascini Carlo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces is finely regulated by genetic factors but also by oxygen concentration, pH, temperature and other environmental factors, already extensively explored for bacterial biofilms. Much less is known about fungal biofilm, that is considered a virulence factor for Candida pathogenic species among the few fungal species able to grow and survive at high temperatures such as 37°C as well as those induced by fever. The resistance to high temperatures coupled with the ability to form biofilm are threatening factors of these fungal species that could severely impact at an epidemiological level.ObjectivesIn this framework, we decided to study the thermal tolerance of biofilms formed by three medical relevant species such as Candida albicans and two non‐Candida albicans Candida species.MethodsThirty nosocomial strains were investigated for their ability to adhere and grow in proximity and over body temperature (from 31 to 43°C), mimicking different environmental conditions or severe febrile‐like reactions.ResultsCandida sessile cells reacted to different temperatures showing a strain‐specific response. It was observed that the attachment and growth respond differently to the temperature and that mechanism of adhesion has different outputs at high temperature than the growth.ConclusionsThis strain‐dependent response is probably instrumental to guarantee the best success to cells for the infection, attachment and growth to occur. These observations reinforce the concept of temperature as a major trigger in the evolution of these species especially in this period of increasing environmental temperatures and excessive domestic heating.
Relationship between sodium removal, hydration and outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Mok Natalie M.‐Y. , Fan Nicholas , Finney Hazel , Fan Stanley L.‐S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFluid overload (FO) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is associated with mortality. We explore if low daily sodium removal is an independent risk factor for mortality. We examined severely FO PD patients established for >1 year in expectation that PD prescription would have been optimized for solute clearance and ultrafiltration. We also wish to determine the relationship between kt/v and sodium removal.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 231 PD patients with FO ≥2.0 L and compared with 218 PD patients who were euvolaemic throughout their PD treatment. Patients were followed up until death censored for transplantation.ResultsMean daily sodium removal in overhydrated patients was only 75 mmoles (=1.7 g). CAPD usage was more common in patients with the highest sodium removal. Achievement of UK guidelines for solute clearance and daily fluid removal were not independent predictors of mortality. Markers of sarcopenia (low serum albumin and high CRP) were associated with increased mortality, but these parameters were not independent predictors in a model that included functional assessment (Karnofsky score). Daily sodium removal was not predictive of mortality but the imprecision of clinically used sodium assay should be noted. The correlation between Na and kt/v is statistically significant but R2 was weak at .07.ConclusionWhile diabetic males were more likely to become overhydrated, these factors did not increase mortality further. Traditional targets of ‘dialysis adequacy’ did not predict survival. Kt/v is not a good indicator of sodium removal which can be surprisingly low. Measuring sodium clearance may help clinicians optimize PD modality (CAPD vs. APD).
Climate and functional traits jointly mediate tree water‐use strategies
Authors: Flo Victor , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Mencuccini Maurizio , Granda Victor , Anderegg William R. L. , Poyatos Rafael 
Published: April 2021

SummaryTree water use is central to plant function and ecosystem fluxes. However, it is still unknown how organ‐level water‐relations traits are coordinated to determine whole‐tree water‐use strategies in response to drought, and whether this coordination depends on climate.Here we used a global sap flow database (SAPFLUXNET) to study the response of water use, in terms of whole‐tree canopy conductance (G), to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and to soil water content (SWC) for 142 tree species. We investigated the individual and coordinated effect of six water‐relations traits (vulnerability to embolism, Huber value, hydraulic conductivity, turgor‐loss point, rooting depth and leaf size) on water‐use parameters, also accounting for the effect of tree height and climate (mean annual precipitation, MAP).ReferenceGand its sensitivity to VPD were tightly coordinated with water‐relations traits rather than with MAP. Species with efficient xylem transport had higher canopy conductance but also higher sensitivity to VPD. Moreover, we found that angiosperms had higher referenceGand higher sensitivity to VPD than did gymnosperms.Our results highlight the need to consider trait integration and reveal the complications and challenges of defining a single, whole‐plant resource use spectrum ranging from ‘acquisitive’ to ‘conservative’.
Neuralgia‐inducing cavitational osteonecrosis – A systematic review
Authors: Sekundo Caroline , Wiltfang Jörg , Schliephake Henning , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Rückschloß Thomas , Moratin Julius , Hoffmann Jürgen , Ristow Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the aetiologic factors, proposed diagnostic means and treatment strategies for neuralgia‐inducing cavitational osteonecrosis.MethodsA search of the literature published up to June 2020 was conducted using Medline, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science. The scientific quality of the evidence was rated according to NIH Quality Assessment Tools.Results4,051 articles were found, 59 were reviewed in full text, and 29 studies were included. With the exception of hereditary coagulopathies, which were identified as potential risk factors in five studies, suggestions concerning the aetiology varied widely. No gold standard diagnostic mean could be identified. Treatment was most often performed by surgical curettage of the affected bone. Surgical treatment outcomes were equally varied: significant facial pain remission was reported in 66%–100% for periods varying between 2 months to 18 years, whereas no or little relief and recurrences were reported in up to ⅓ of cases. All studies were observational in their design. All investigations were rated as poor quality because of high risk of bias and non‐transparent reporting.ConclusionsEvidence concerning the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of NICO is poor. Prospective diagnostic and therapeutic studies are needed before the usefulness of invasive therapeutic procedures can be evaluated.
Newer‐generation antihistamines and the risk of adverse events in children: A systematic review
Authors: Miligkos Michael , Dakoutrou Maria , Statha Eleni , Theochari Nikoletta A. , Mavroeidi Ilektra Antonia , Pankozidou Ιoanna , Papaconstadopoulos Irene , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundH1‐antihistamines (AHs) are widely used for the treatment of allergic diseases, being one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications in pediatrics. Newer‐generation AHs are associated with fewer adverse effects compared with first‐generation AHs. However, their relative harms in the pediatric population still need scrutiny.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which included comparisons of safety parameters between an orally administered newer‐generation AH and another AH (first‐ or second‐generation), montelukast, or placebo in children aged ≤12 years. We searched MEDLINE and CENTRAL, independently extracted data on study population, interventions, adverse events (AEs), and treatment discontinuations, and assessed the methodologic quality of the included RCTs using the Cochrane’s risk of bias tool.ResultsForty‐five RCTs published between 1989 and 2017 met eligibility criteria. The majority of RCTs included school‐aged children with allergic rhinitis and had a follow‐up period of up to a month. Four RCTs reported serious AEs in patients receiving a newer‐generation AH, but only two patients experienced a possibly drug‐related serious AE. The occurrence of AEs, drug‐related AEs, and treatment discontinuations due to AEs varied between RCTs. Most AEs reported were of mild intensity. Indirect evidence indicates that cetirizine is more sedating than the other newer‐generation AHs.ConclusionOur findings confirm that newer‐generation AHs have a favorable safety and tolerability profile. However, we could not draw firm conclusions regarding the comparative safety profile of the newer‐generation AHs due to the paucity of head‐to‐head RCTs, variation in definitions and reporting of AEs, and short follow‐up duration.
Early age exposure to moisture and mould is related to FeNO at the age of 6 years
Authors: Tischer Christina , Karvonen Anne M. , Kirjavainen Pirkka V. , Flexeder Claudia , Roponen Marjut , Hyvärinen Anne , Renz Harald , Frey Urs Peter , Fuchs Oliver , Pekkanen Juha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundExposure to indoor moisture damage and visible mold has been found to be associated with asthma and respiratory symptoms in several questionnaire‐based studies by self‐report. We aimed to define the prospective association between the early life exposure to residential moisture damage or mold and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function parameters as objective markers for airway inflammation and asthma in 6‐year‐old children.MethodsHome inspections were performed in children's homes when infants were on average 5 months old. At age 6 years, data on FeNO (n = 322) as well as lung function (n = 216) measurements were collected. Logistic regression and generalized additive models were used for statistical analyses.ResultsEarly age major moisture damage and moisture damage or mold in the child's main living areas were significantly associated with increased FeNO levels (>75th percentile) at the age of 6 years (adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, aOR (95% CI): 3.10 (1.35‐7.07) and 3.16 (1.43‐6.98), respectively. Effects were more pronounced in those who did not change residential address throughout the study period. For lung function, major structural damage within the whole home was associated with reduced FEV1 and FVC, but not with FEV1/FVC. No association with lung function was observed with early moisture damage or mold in the child's main living areas.ConclusionThese results underline the importance of prevention and remediation efforts of moisture and mold‐damaged buildings in order to avoid harmful effects within the vulnerable phase of the infants and children's immunologic development.
Naïve realism and the problem of illusion
Authors: Overgaard Søren 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs standardly conceived, an illusion is a case in which appearances in at least one respect conflict with reality. Such a conflict only obtains in cases where a non‐F object appears to be F—appears F in a ‘committal’ way, as I put it. It is, however, possible for an object to appear F in a non‐committal way—i.e. without appearing to be F. The paper discusses a number of recent naïve realist attempts to account for illusion. Drawing on the distinction between committal and non‐committal appearances, I argue that none of the proposals is able to account for illusion as standardly conceived.
Care left undone and work organisation: A cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study in surgical wards of Estonian hospitals
Authors: Peterson Helle , Uibu Ere , Kangasniemi Mari 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCare left undone is a worldwide problem for both the quality of health care and the safety of patients. In surgical nursing, care left undone is a critical issue arising from the intensive pace of work, invasive procedures and the pressure for efficiency. Previous knowledge about care left undone in surgical contexts is missing.ObjectiveTo describe care left undone and its relationship to nursing and organisational characteristics in the surgical wards of regional and central hospitals in Estonia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with an online questionnaire took place from June to October of 2018. The target population (N = 570) consisted of nurses working in the surgical wards of two regional and three central hospitals at the time of the study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test. The open‐ended questions were analysed with deductive content analysis.ResultsNursing care in the surgical wards was reported as having been left undone sometimes or often by 88% of the nurses. Most often, the documentation and evaluation of care plans (33%) were reported as undone and most rarely, disinfection measures were left undone (5%). Nurses with a shorter employment history left care undone more frequently, and when the number of patients per nurse increased, the amount of care left undone increased as well. More than half of the participants (59%) considered work organisation to be the cause of care left undone.ConclusionsWork organisation and staffing in surgical wards require more attention at the management level, as nursing care left undone occurred to a significant degree in the investigated wards, and more than half of the nurses considered work organisation to be the reason for care left undone.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Micro-Structured Diamond Tool in Silicon Carbide Cutting
Authors: Liu Changlin , Chu Jianning , Ke Jinyang , Chen Xiao , Zhang Jianguo , Xiao Junfeng , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important material in many industrial applications. However, due to the hardness and brittleness nature, achieving ultraprecision machining of SiC is still challenging. In recent years, function surface with microstructures has been introduced in cutting tool to suppress wear process. But the wear mechanism of the structured tool has not been revealed completely. Therefore, in present research, molecular dynamic simulations were conducted to investigate the cutting performance of the microstructure on the nanoscale cutting process of 3 C-SiC. The simulation results showed that the dislocation propagation in workpiece can be suppressed with a structured tool. The microstructures have a significant influence on the stress distribution in the workpiece subsurface. Furthermore, the abrasive wear of the structured tool is obvious smaller since the edges of the tool became blunt and the contact face between tool and workpiece changed to the close-packed plane of diamond. Moreover, the amorphization of the structured tool is effectively suppressed. This study contributes to the understanding of the material behavior involved in the ultraprecision cutting of SiC.
Flow of Power-Law Fluids Past a Rotating Cylinder at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Thakur Pooja , Tiwari Naveen , Chhabra R. P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, a rotating cylinder is placed in a stream of shear-thinning fluids, flowing with a uniform velocity. Detailed investigations are performed for the following range of conditions: Reynolds number 100≤Re≤500, power-law index 0.2≤n≤1 and rotational velocity 0≤α≤5. Flow transitions are observed from steady to unsteady at critical values of the Reynolds number, the rotational velocity, and the power-law index. Critical values of the Reynolds number Rec have been obtained for varying levels of the rotational velocity, and the power-law index. Rec varies nonmonotonically with the rotational velocity. At a particular Reynolds number, an increase of the rotational velocity acts as a vortex suppression technique. For shear-thinning fluids considered here, the vortex suppression occurs at a larger value of the critical rotational velocity αc, relative to Newtonian fluids. For the unsteady flow, the lift coefficient versus time curve exhibits oscillatory behavior, and this has been used to delineate the flow regime as steady or unsteady flow. For unsteady flow regimes, both the amplitude of the lift coefficient and the Strouhal number increase with increasing Reynolds numbers. The results presented in this work for such high Reynolds numbers elucidate the possible complex interplay between the kinematic and rheological parameters of non-Newtonian fluids. This investigation also complements the currently available low Reynolds number results up to ∼ Re=140.
AN EXPERIMENTALLY VALIDATED LOW ORDER MODEL OF THE THERMAL RESPONSE OF DOUBLE-WALL EFFUSION COOLING SYSTEMS FOR HP TURBINE BLADES
Authors: Murray Alexander V , Ireland Peter , Romero Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Transpiration cooling represents the pinnacle of turbine cooling and is characterised by an intrinsic porosity achieving high internal convective cooling, and full coverage film cooling. The quasi-transpiration, double-wall effusion system attempts to replicate the cooling effect of transpiration cooling. The system is characterised by a large wetted area providing high internal convective cooling performance, with a highly porous external wall allowing the formation of a protective cooling film. This paper presents a low-order thermal model of a double-wall system designed to rapidly ascertain cooling performance based solely on the geometry, thermal conductivity, and approximate surface heat transfer coefficients. Initially validation uses experimental data with heat transfer coefficients for the low order model obtained from fully conjugate CFD simulations. A more controlled CFD study is then undertaken with both fully conjugate and fluid only simulations performed on several double-wall geometries to ascertain both overall and film effectiveness data. Data from these simulations are used as inputs to the low order thermal model and the results compared. The low order model successfully captures both the trends and absolute cooling effectiveness achieved by the various double-wall geometries. The model therefore provides a powerful tool whereby the cooling performance of double-wall geometries can be near instantaneously predicted during the initial design stage, potentially allowing geometry optimisation to rapidly occur prior to more in-depth, costly and time-consuming analyses. This benefit is demonstrated via the implementation of the model with input boundary conditions obtained using empirical correlations.