bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of socioeconomic status and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China rural area: Henan Rural Cohort study
Authors: Kang Ning , Liu Xiaotian , Liao Wei , Hu Ze , He Yaling , Wang Lulu , Dong Xiaokang , Wang Chongjian , Wang Xiaoqiong , Li Yuqian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The measures of socioeconomic status (SES) differed across divergent researches and rare of them focused on rural population. This research, thus, presented a novel measure of SES among rural population and then estimated its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods

All participants were farmer and enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort study. SES of individual was assessed by SES-score, a composite index derived from three SES-related indicators (education level, average monthly income, and marital status). Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the independent association between SES-score and T2DM as well as the combined effects of SES and age on T2DM. To detect the gender differences, all analyses were stratified by gender.
Results

Among 39259 rural participants, the means (SDs) SES-score of total population, men, and women were 3.47 (1.54), 3.72 (1.49), and 3.31 (1.57), respectively. The SES-score decreased with age and men always had a higher score than women. The prevalence of T2DM decreased with increasing SES-score among women (14.87–4.47%, P trend <0.001), while an inverse trend was observed among men (6.59–9.87%, P trend <0.001). Adjusted ORs (95%CIs) for prevalent T2DM, per unit increase, were 1.07 (1.03, 1.12) in men and 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) in women. Old men with high SES and old women with low SES were vulnerable to T2DM.
Conclusions

Men had a higher SES-score than women in rural areas, and this gap increased with age. The association between SES and T2DM was differed by gender.
Trail Registration:

The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). Date of registration: 06 July, 2015. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375
Integrating earthquake early warning system and a smart robot for post-earthquake automated inspection and emergency response
Authors: Lin Tzu-Hsuan , Huang Jing-Ting , Putranto Alan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The natural hazard, mainly earthquake, has caused substantial economic losses and human life loss to many countries. Taiwan, which is located on the western Circum-Pacific seismic belt, has encountered the problem as mentioned earlier in Meishan, Hsinchu-Taichung, and Chi-Chi earthquakes a few years ago. In this study, the researchers propose a novel robot-event integrated system capable of doing the automated inspection and emergency response due to a significant earthquake. When the household’s earthquake warning receiving device picks up an alert, its built-in wireless communications system will send a signal to the robot. The robot commences inspection of the indoor area via real-time image recognition and tracking. It will approach them upon detecting fallen people, regulating their movements via a robot operating system (ROS) monitoring interface. The robot is designed to operate in a house that remains standing with acceptable damage in which the furniture might falling and injure the occupants after an earthquake hit. The indoor experiment conducted to verify the robot system and operation with a designed condition such as fallen and non-fallen people as a detected object. The robot tested to deliver food or medicine for fallen people while waiting for rescuers to arrive. Tests indicate that the proposed smart robot has prospective implementation to the real-world application with more research and development. The smart robot integrated with an earthquake early warning system has a promising approach to the temporary care of people affected by earthquakes.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Critically Endangered Hangul (Cervus Hanglu Hanglu) and Its Comparison With the Other Red Deer
Authors: Yadav Prabhaker , Kumar Ajit , Yadav Neha , Gupta Sandeep Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu) or Kashmiri stag belongs to the family Cervidae and is only surviving red deer in the Indian subcontinent. Its complete mitogenome sequence is lacking in the open database for further phylogenetic inferences.Methods and results: We sequenced and characterized the first complete mitogenome of Hangul, which was 16,354 bp in length. It was compared with other red deer subspecies. We observed eight pairs of overlapping genes and 15 intergenic spacers in between the mitochondrial regions. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) for the 13 PCGs of Hangul was consisting of 3597 codons (excluding stop codons). We observed a highest frequency for leucine (11.75%) and the lowest for tryptophan amino acid (1.12%) in 13 PCGs of Hangul. All the tRNA genes showed a typical secondary cloverleaf arrangement, excluding tRNA-Ser in which dihydrouridine arm did not form a stable structure. Conclusions: The Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree indicated that Hangul clustered within the Tarim deer group (C. h. yarkandensis) and closed to C. e. hippelaphus, which formed the western clade. Besides, the subspecies of C. nippon and C. canadensis clustered together and formed an eastern clade. The finding was supported by the mean pairwise genetic distance based on both complete mitogenome and 13 PCGs. The comparative study of the Hangul mitogenome with other red deer provides crucial information for understanding the evolutionary relationships. It offers a valuable resource for conserving this critically endangered cervid with a limited distribution range.
Photodegradation of roxarsone in the aquatic environment: influencing factors, mechanisms and artificial neural network modeling
Authors: Meng Jizhong , Arong Arong , Yuan Shoujun , Wang Wei , Jin Juliang , Zhan Xinmin , Xiao Liwen , Hu Zhenhu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) is an organoarsenic feed additive, and can be discharged into aquatic environment. ROX can photodegrade into more toxic inorganic arsenics, causing arsenic pollution. However, the photodegradation behavior of ROX in aquatic environment is still unclear. To better understand ROX photodegradation behavior, this study investigated the ROX photodegradation mechanism and influencing factors, and modeled the photodegradation process. The results showed that ROX in the aquatic environment was degraded to inorganic As(III) and As(V) under light irradiation. The degradation efficiency was enhanced by 25 % with the increase of light intensity from 300 µW/cm2 to 800 µW/cm2 via indirect photolysis. The photodegradation was temperature dependence, but was only slightly affected by pH. Nitrate ion (NO3−) had an obvious influence, but sulfate, carbonate, and chlorate ions had a negligible effect on ROX degradation. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the solution inhibited the photodegradation. ROX photodegradation was mainly mediated by reactive oxygen species (in the form of single oxygen 1O2) generated through ROX self-sensitization under irradiation. Based on the data of factors affecting ROX photodegradation, ROX photodegradation model was built and trained by an artificial neural network (ANN), and the predicted degradation rate was in good agreement with the real values with a root mean square error of 1.008. This study improved the understanding of ROX photodegradation behavior and provided a basis for controlling the pollution from ROX photodegradation.
Maternal Support Systems in Buikwe District, Uganda: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Roed Marte Bodil , Engebretsen Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv , Mangeni Robert , Namata Irene 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Uganda is a country struggling with reducing the neonatal mortality rate of 20/1000 live births reported in 2018 and to fully implement Ugandan clinical guidelines (UCG) on care for mothers and newborns during pregnancy, delivery and post-partum. This study aimed at describing maternal support systems including women’s access to and use of maternal health care and home support systems. Methods: Maternal support systems were investigated using qualitative methods including participant observations, semi-structured interviews with key-informants and focus group discussions with mothers. Malterud’s Systematic text condensation (STC) was used for analysis and Nvivo software to structure the data. Results: Antenatal care was valued by mothers and they relied on professional health workers and traditional birth attendants (TBA’s) for basic maternal services. General discontentment with spousal and family contributions in the postnatal period, financial dependency and lack of autonomy in decision making on maternal issues prohibited women in receiving optimal help and support. Postnatal follow-ups were found unsatisfactory. Conclusions: Further focus on gender equity involving women’s right to own decision making in maternity issues, higher recognition of male involvement in maternity care and improved postnatal follow-ups are suggestions for improved neonatal outcomes in Buikwe district, Uganda.
Multivariate Process-Based Evaluation of CMIP6 Historical Simulations Over the Tropical Oceans
Authors: Nogueira Miguel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Significant biases have persisted throughout the latest phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), with important implications for climate science and policy. Here the systematic errors in mean and variability of precipitation (P), total column water vapor (W) and sea surface temperature (SST) were analyzed over the tropical oceans for ten CMIP phase 6 (CMIP6) models. This is a particularly challenging region for climate simulations. A process-based error analysis was employed, grounded by state-of-the-art satellite observations and reanalysis datasets. The results revealed a generalized overestimation of P (up to + 1.5mm/day) and underestimation of P variability (up to -54%), largely due to issues in simulating the intensity and extension of deep convection. The P variability errors were further associated with uncertainties in precipitation sensitivity to SST and W, El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, and atmospheric longwave and shortwave radiative interactions. The models showed both positive and negative W biases (up to 4.5mm), resulting from differences in water vapor feedback and tropical subsidence. Most models overestimated W variability (up to + 103%) due to misrepresentation of the water vapor feedback, tropical deep convection, and ENSO variability. Concerning SST, the biases were relatively low (below ±1.2K), but the variability was generally overestimated (up to + 110%). The SST errors showed multiple connections, including to water vapor and Bjerknes feedbacks, atmospheric radiative absorption and cooling, and ENSO. Overall, the present results support the importance of multivariate model evaluation frameworks, and the critical need for significant improvements in simulation of deep tropical convection and atmospheric-radiative interactions.
Physiological, morphological and phytochemical responses of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) populations to salt stress
Authors: Mirniyam Gita , Rahimmalek Mehdi , Arzani Ahmad , Yavari Parisa , Ehtemam Mohammad Hossein 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Twenty-eight populations of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) were evaluated for morphological traits and oil yield in two consecutive years. Then, selected ajowan populations that revealed medium and high oil yield and higher seed weight in two years were selected for further studies. These were assessed for physiological traits, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity under four salt treatments control, 60, 90, and 120 mM NaCl. The essential oil composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Thymol (32.7-54.29%), γ -terpinene (21.71–32.81%), and p-cymene (18.74–26.16%) were major components. The highest and lowest thymol were recorded for Qazvin (control) and Qazvin (Low salt concentration), respectively. Salt stress caused an increase in essential oil content of Esfahfo and Qazvin populations. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in Arak population grown in 60 mM NaCl (183.83 mg TAE g− 1 DW) and Yazd population grown in 90 mM NaCl (5.94 mg QE g− 1 DW). Moreover, Yazd population exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH (IC50 = 1566µg/mL) under 60 mM NaCl and the highest reducing power (0.69 nm) under 120 mM NaCl. Overall, the results revealed that low and moderate salt stress improves the phytochemicals of ajowan, being especially useful for pharmaceutical and food applications.
Simulation of Temperature Distribution And Heat Generation During Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding Of AA6061 Aluminum Alloy and Al-Mg2Si Composite
Authors: Sharghi Ebtesam , Farzadi Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) of Al-Mg2Si metal matrix composite and AA6061 aluminum alloy, the temperature field and heat generation were investigated using a 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and FLUENT software. The simulations were conducted for rotational speeds of 720, 920 and 1120 rpm. The welding experiments were carried out to validate the simulation results. About 70 per cent of the heat generates at the interface between the shoulder and the workpiece. The maximum temperature was predicted on the advancing side (AS). The difference between the peak temperatures on the AS and the retreating side (RS) was about 115 K. The effect of the rotational speed on the peak temperature is significant. The temperature distribution in the cross-sections is asymmetric, which originates from different material velocities on the AS and RS. The peak temperature on the RS develops under the top surface, while the peak temperature on the AS develops on the surface.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level with Quality of Life and General Health among COVID-19 Recovered Individuals
Authors: Azmodeh Mahnaz , Hoseini Rastegar , Amiri Ehsan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: New coronavirus (COVID-19) has a major impact on the individual's physical activity level (PAL); The COVID-19 quarantine outbreak caused a decrease in the PAL. Accordingly, it might also affect the general health and quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PAL with QoL and general health (GH) among COVID-19 recovered individuals (CRI).Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, using the multi-stage (Cluster) sampling techniques, 890 CRI (male (n = 438) and female (n = 452)) were volunteered from different COVID-19 testing centers in Kermanshah province. After filling out the consent form, the PAL, GH, and QoL questionnaires were completed and anthropometric parameters were measured. The PAL was assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), GH was assessed using the GHQ questionnaire and the QoL was measured by the QoL questionnaire (short-form-SF-12). The independent t-test was used to compare the mean of variables between men and women and the Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the relationship between variables using SPSS software version 24 at a significant level of (P≤0.05). Results: The findings of the present study showed that men and women with COVID-19 had inadequate PAL (876.11±40.23;739.08±27.02), insufficient GH (50.13±3.1; 54.15±4.28), and poor QoL (22.02±2.28; 19.23±1.87), respectively. The results also showed that men had significantly higher PAL (P=0.035), GH (P=0.047), and QoL (P=0.023) compared to women. Also, the results show that increasing the PAL improves GH and QoL. Conclusions: Considering the prevalence of COVID-19 and its negative impact on GH and QoL, maintaining adequate PAL can be considered as one of the effective strategies for improving physical and GH, and immune systems, by observing the hygiene protocol.
Loop engineering of a thermostable GH10 xylanase to improve low-temperature catalytic performance for better synergistic biomass-degrading abilities
Authors: Wang Jun , You Shuai , Zha Ziqian , Li Jing , Zhang Wenxin , Bai Zhiyuan , Hu Yanghao , Wang Xue , Chen Yiwen , Chen Zhongli , Luo Huiying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Xylanase can efficiently hydrolysis of hemicellulose, a barrier to the efficient saccharification of lignocellulose, into xylooligosaccharides and is widely used in the fields of feed, food and biomass utilization. High-temperature xylanase usually has low catalytic activity below 40°C, which limits its applications. Therefore, improving the properties of xylanases to enable synergistic degradation of lignocellulosic biomass with cellulase is of considerable significance in the field of bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
Results

In this study, a structure-based rational design strategy was applied to enhance the low-temperature catalytic performance of XYL10C_∆N (WT). Screening and comparison were performed amoung the WT and mutants. In comparison with WT, MF53/53SL + N207G exhibited higher specific activity (2.9-fold; 2090 vs. 710 U/mg) and catalytic efficiency (2.8-fold; 1530 vs. 550 mL/s·mg) at 40°C, as well as higher thermostability (with Tm and T50 increased by 7.7°C and 3.5°C, respectively). Meanwhile, comparing with cellulase-only treatment, the combination of MF53/53SL + N207G and cellulase increased the reducing sugar by 1.6-, 1.2-, and 1.4-folds for degradating corn stalk, wheat bran, and corn cob, with the highest degree of synergy of 1.9, 1.2, and 1.6, respectively.
Conclusions

This study provided a successful strategy to improve the catalytic properties of enzymes and identified loop2 is a key functional area that affects the low-temperature catalytic efficiency of GH10 xylanase. Several xylanase candidates for applications in feed and bioenergy applications were obtained. Synergistic degradation experiments elucidated a possible mechanism of cellulase inhibition by xylan during the hydrolysis of different types of biomass.
Study on Scanning Forming Methods of Machining Work-Piece Surface
Authors: Wang Xueteng , Niu Xinghua , Yu Zizhao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the process of machine tool cutting, there are strict geometric relations among the cutting edge curve / tool surface, machine tool movement and workpiece surface, and the machine tool movement is also related to the type of tool. Firstly, the forming methods of cutting workpiece surface are analyzed and summarized from the geometric point of view, and the scanning forming method and its geometric expression are studied, and the research technical route of forming turning scanning forming is put forward. Then, the mathematical modeling and Simulation of forming turning are carried out according to the proposed technical route. Finally, taking the groove of the inner ring of the formed turning ball bearing as an example, the mathematical modeling of the design surface of the workpiece and the machined surface of the workpiece is carried out. The radial dimension changes of the workpiece caused by the cutting force and tool wear are analyzed, and the simulation of the machined surface of the workpiece is carried out.
Wildfires Impacts on Education and Healthcare: Paradise, California After the Camp Fire
Authors: Hamideh Sara , Sen Payel , Fischer Erica , Schulze Stefanie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The 2018 Camp Fire caused significant damages to the education and healthcare systems in the town of Paradise, CA. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative case study about disaster impacts and disparities, interdependencies, and recovery strategies of schools and hospitals in Paradise. Four major themes of findings emerged from the qualitative analysis of interviews with teachers, counselors, and administrators in Paradise education and healthcare systems and extensive archival research. First, complex and long-standing mental health challenges are the dominant impact on the educational system. Second, educational and healthcare impacts are shaped by social vulnerability. Third, educational and healthcare systems play a critical role for recovery of socially vulnerable groups due to the interconnectedness of community components. Fourth, adapting to new communication norms and technologies are effective for supporting educational and community recovery. Several specific recommendations are provided based on the findings for building back more resilient and equitable education and healthcare services.
Political Affiliation and Race Associated With Parents’ Intentions to Have a COVID-19 Vaccination but Not With History of Refusing to Vaccinate a Child: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Roess Amira A. , Adams Leah , Huddleston Kathi , Lawrence Grace N. , Wilson Alyssa N. , Oetjen Cheryl , Maibach Edward 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Parental attitudes about vaccinating themselves against COVID-19 may offer insights into their attitudes about vaccinating their children when the time comes. The objective was to identify parents with high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy to prioritize for vaccine education interventions.Methods. We conducted multiple logistic regression on data from a nationally representative sample to estimate the association between socio-demographic factors and COVID-19 vaccine intention and history of refusal to vaccinate a child. Results. In the adjusted model, parents who were Black, female, Republican, and lower income had a significantly lower odds of COVID-19 vaccine intention (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]=0.47, 0.73, 2.59, 0.50, respectively). Only age was associated with previous vaccine refusal. Conclusions. The results highlight the politicization of the pandemic and the possibility of continued disparities in COVID-19 health outcomes among those unlikely to get COVID-19 vaccination. Overall, a high proportion of parents and children may ultimately go unvaccinated given that parents’ vaccine behavior is closely tied to that of their children. This is concerning given the role that younger adults and pediatric populations play in sustaining SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
A Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework with SOC Topological Net for Catalytic Peptide Bond Hydrolysis
Authors: Wang Sujing , Ly Hong Giang T , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Dovgaliuk Iurii , Tissot Antoine , Maurin Guillaume , Parac-Vogt Tatjana , Serre Christian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The discovery of nanozymes for selective fragmentation of proteins would boost the emerging areas of modern proteomics, however, the development of efficient and reusable artificial catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis is challenging. Here we report the detailed catalytic properties of a microporous zirconium carboxylate metal-organic framework, MIP-201, in promoting peptide bond hydrolysis in a simple dipeptide, as well as in horse-heart myoglobin (Mb) protein that consists of 153 amino acids. We demonstrate that MIP-201 features an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, a good tolerance toward reaction conditions covering a wide range of different pH values, and importantly, an exceptional recycling ability associated with easy regeneration process. Taking into account the excellent catalytic performance of MIP-201 and its other advantages such as 6-connected Zr6 cluster active sites, the green, scalable and cost-effective synthesis, and an outstanding chemical and architectural stability, our finding suggests that MIP-201 may be a promising and practical alternative to the current commercially available catalysts for peptide bond hydrolysis.