bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population‐based cohort study of the efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in relapsed systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma using Public Health England data
Authors: Halligan Sarah J. , Grainge Matthew J. , Martinez‐Calle Nicolas , Fox Christopher P. , Bishton Mark J. 
Published: October 2021

SummarySystemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (sALCL) is a rare T‐cell lymphoma associated with poor prognosis after relapse. The immunoconjugate brentuximab vedotin (BV) first became available for relapsed sALCL in England in 2013, following the results of a pivotal phase II study. We present a population‐based study describing outcomes of relapsed sALCL in England after BV, using Public Health England data. We obtained information on all relapsed/refractory (r/r) sALCL patients ≥18 years treated with BV monotherapy in England between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019. The final cohort comprised 127 patients with a median age of 60 years (range 19–89). Eighteen (14·2%) had received stem cell transplant in first remission. Median two‐year overall survival (OS) was 46·6%. The vast majority of deaths (59) occurred within 18 months, with very few events after this. Receipt of BV as second line compared to third or fourth line was associated with significantly improved survival (two‐year OS 50·3% vs 29·7%, P = 0·03). There was no difference in OS for different subgroups, including anaplastic lymphoma kinase status, age, gender, or receipt of stem cell transplantation in first response. We report excellent survival following treatment with BV in a real‐world setting, comparable with previous clinical trial data.
Genetic and metabolic profiling of individuals with Phelan‐McDermid syndrome presenting with seizures
Authors: Jain Lavanya , Oberman Lindsay M. , Beamer Laura , Cascio Lauren , May Melanie , Srikanth Sujata , Skinner Cindy , Jones Kelly , Allen Bridgette , Rogers Curtis , Phelan Katy , Kaufmann Walter E. , DuPont Barbara , Sarasua Sara M. , Boccuto Luigi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhelan‐McDermid syndrome (PMS) (OMIM*606232) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, autistic features, speech delay, minor dysmorphia, and seizures. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of seizures and the association with genetic and metabolic features since there has been little research related to seizures in PMS. For 57 individuals, seizure data was collected from caregiver interviews, genetic data from existing cytogenetic records and Sanger sequencing for nine 22q13 genes, and metabolic profiling from the Phenotype Mammalian MicroArray (PM‐M) developed by Biolog. Results showed that 46% of individuals had seizures with the most common type being absence and grand‐mal seizures. Seizures were most prevalent in individuals with pathogenic SHANK3 mutations (70%), those with deletion sizes >4 Mb (16%), and those with deletion sizes <4 Mb (71%) suggesting involvement of genes in addition to SHANK3. Additionally, a 3 Mb genomic region on 22q13.31 containing the gene TBC1D22A, was found to be significantly associated with seizure prevalence. A distinct metabolic profile was identified for individuals with PMS with seizures and suggested among other features a disrupted utilization of main energy sources using Biolog plates. The results of this study will be helpful for clinicians and families in anticipating seizures in these children and for researchers to identify candidate genes for the seizure phenotype.
What happens to aid fungibility when the recipient government takes control? Effects of aid ownership in Rwanda
Authors: Rana Zunera Ahmad , Koch Dirk‐Jan 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMotivationAid fungibility and aid ownership have largely been discussed separately in the development literature. This is unfortunate because donors have often aimed to reduce the former and to increase the latter, without fully understanding the relationship between them.PurposeWe analyse what happens to aid fungibility when the recipient government takes ownership of its development process by examining the case of Rwanda.Methods and approachWe use a mixed‐methods approach for our analysis. We start with an econometric model to determine if aid fungibility is present in Rwanda. To complement and explore quantitative insights, we interviewed key informants in Rwanda. We used the principal–agent framework to help interpret our findings.FindingsWe find that aid is fungible, albeit in a U‐shaped relationship. Initially an increase in development assistance causes government development expenditure to fall, but subsequent increases in assistance cause government development expenditure to increase as well.We conclude that the government took over its development process through: (1) stimulating the donor to align their spending to its priorities; and (2) urging donors to switch from project aid to budget support.Policy implicationsWhile government taking ownership of its development process should reduce concerns about fungibility, it could also contribute to marginalization of certain sectors or themes if this ownership is not inclusive.
Improving water retention of chicken breast meats by CaCl2 combined with pulsed electric fields
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Li Jian , Wang Rui , Xu Fei‐Yue , Zeng Xin‐An 
Published: October 2021

SummaryFrozen poultry meat is the most widely consumed animal‐based food. However, water loss often leads to quality loss of poultry meat. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the combined effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment on chicken breast meats and the mechanisms underlying protein degradation. The results showed that the synergistic effect was superior to the single treatment. Compared with the untreated group, the combination of CaCl2 and PEF increased water holding capacity of chicken breast meats by 16.61% and decreased cooking loss by 28.93%. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) results indicated that the synergistic treatment promoted water molecules' binding capacity in myofibrils of poultry meat, which exhibited higher immobilised water. Additionally, the combination of CaCl2 and PEF led to increased degradation of proteins of high‐molecular weight and surface hydrophobicity of myofibrillar protein. Furthermore, the extension of the protein molecule and microenvironmental changes promoted interaction between protein and water. In conclusion, the synergistic treatment of CaCl2 and PEF enhanced water retention and improved physicochemical properties of the myofibrillar protein in chicken breast meats.
Pulsed vacuum impregnated trehalose to improve the physicochemical quality of frozen‐thawed kiwifruit
Authors: Chen Li‐bing , Fan Kai 
Published: October 2021

SummaryPulsed vacuum impregnated trehalose to improve the physicochemical quality of frozen‐thawed kiwifruit was investigated. Kiwifruits were treated by pulsed vacuum impregnation (PVI) with 10%, 20% and 30% trehalose, then frozen and stored at −20 °C. The results showed that PVI with 30% trehalose treatment exhibited minimum drip loss (11.21%), maximum ascorbic acid content (0.93 g kg−1) and firmness (12.3 N), and retained the flavour and taste as well as improved water distribution for frozen‐thawed kiwifruit as compared with other treatments: control, PVI with 10% and 20% of trehalose. Therefore, the results illustrated that pulsed vacuum impregnated trehalose could be used as an effective method to improve the quality of frozen‐thawed kiwifruit.
Arachidonic acid treatment combined with low temperature conditioning mitigates chilling injury in cold‐stored banana fruit
Authors: Wan Chang , Tan Piaopiao , Zeng Chaozhen , Liu Zhixiang 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCold‐stored banana fruit is particularly susceptible to chilling injury (CI). Over transportation and storage, CI is a key physiological factor affecting postharvest banana quality. Arachidonic acid (ARA) is considered a signal molecule that elicits stress signalling networks in plants. However, whether exogenous ARA treatment can reduce CI in postharvest fruit remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of a combination of exogenous ARA treatment and low temperature conditioning (LTC) on mitigating CI occurrence. ARA + LTC treatment decreased electrolyte leakage, accumulation of malondialdehyde, H2O2 content, weight loss and occurrence of CI symptoms. This treatment also delayed fruit softening and colour development, and maintained both vitamin C and chlorophyll contents in bananas stored at 0 °C for 36 days. In addition, ARA + LTC treatment significantly increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Concluding, ARA + LTC treatment has the potential to reduce CI in banana fruit during cold storage. This makes it an effective postharvest technique for fruits and vegetables susceptible to CI.
Recent research on bioactive compounds of Scomber spp. and their health effects
Authors: Negara Bertoka Fajar Surya Perwira , Sohn Jae‐Hak , Kim Jin‐Soo , Choi Jae‐Suk 
Published: October 2021

SummaryScomber spp. are fast‐moving migratory fish found in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Scomber spp. contain proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins. However, recent studies on Scomber spp. have focused on improving the quality of products (S. colias), describing their morphology (S. indicus), as well as the exploration and application of their enzymes (S. australasicus) and bioactive compounds for health benefits (S. japonicus and S. scombrus). Bioactive compounds from Scomber spp. have been reported to exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, but there has been no review of this topic to date. Totally, 36 articles were reviewed after the duplicates were removed. Muscle protein hydrolysates, peptides, lipids, collagen, amino acids, lecithin and glycolipids are known as bioactive compounds from Scomber spp. that exhibit beneficial health effects, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, tyrosinase inhibition, hypoglycaemic and anti‐lipoxygenase properties. However, these have been tested only in vitro, and there is still a lack of studies on bioactive compounds from S. australasicus, S. colias and S. indicus. Therefore, further studies are needed to test bioactive compounds from Scomber spp. at the in vivo and clinical stages, as well as to explore the presence of bioactive compounds from S. australasicus, S. colias and S. indicus.
Edible mushrooms: The potential game changer in alleviating vitamin D deficiency and improving human health
Authors: Tiwari Abhay , Singh Garima , Singh Umesh , Sapra Leena , Rana Vikrant , Sharma Vasudha , Srivastava Rupesh K. , Sharma Satyawati 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present review attempts to critically examine and evaluate research findings on mushrooms as sources of vitamin D and other nutraceuticals. Recently, there is a growing concern about diseases associated with the deficiency of vitamin D in humans. As people tend to stay indoors, in present times, due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, vitamin D levels are further affected. Research indicates vitamin D as a promising defensive or therapeutic agent against COVID, making this review more crucial. Mushrooms, as a rich source of vitamin D along with various bioactive compounds, perform a significant role in resolving health issues. Robust analyses of various strategies for enhancing vitamin D content in mushrooms holds significance in this study; moreover, this will help stakeholders of the mushroom industry in enriching the overall mushroom quality and human health. Mushroom‐based medicinal formulations and functional foods serve to deliver vitamins and nutrients to humans, thus helping to combat malnutrition and other health problems, especially in developing countries. Evidence from pre‐clinical and clinical analyses suggests that vitamin D2 bioavailability in mushrooms is comparable with vitamin D from other sources. The review also emphasises molecular findings from mushrooms related to genes responsible for morphology and metabolic production of pro‐vitamin‐D2.
A comprehensive study of the epidemiology of haematological malignancies in North Queensland
Authors: Nath Karthik , Boles Rachael , Emeto Theophilus I. , Adegboye Oyelola A. , Castellanos Maria Eugenia , Alele Faith O. , Pearce Jessica , Ewart Barbara , Ward Kayla , Lai Hock C. , Morris Edward , Hodges Georgina , Irving Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is an absence of clinically relevant epidemiological data in regional Australia pertaining to haematological malignancies.AimTo determine the incidence and geographical variation of haematological malignancies in North Queensland using a clinically appropriate disease classification.MethodsRetrospective, observational study of individual patient data records of all adults diagnosed with a haematological malignancy between 2005 and 2014 and residing within The Townsville Hospital Haematology catchment region. We report descriptive summaries, incidence rates and incidence‐rate ratios of haematological malignancies by geographic regions.ResultsOne thousand, five hundred and eighty‐one haematological malignancies (69% lymphoid, 31% myeloid) were diagnosed over the 10‐year study period. Descriptive data are presented for 58 major subtypes, as per the WHO diagnostic classification of tumours of haemopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The overall median age at diagnosis was 66 years with a male predominance (60%). We demonstrate a temporal increase in the incidence of haematological malignancies over the study period. We observed geographical variations in the age‐standardised incidence rates per 100 000 ranging from 0.5 to 233.5. Our data suggest an increased incidence rate ratio for haematological malignancies in some postcodes within the Mackay area compared with other regions.ConclusionThe present study successfully reports on the incidence of haematological malignancies in regional Queensland using a clinically meaningful diagnostic classification system and identifies potential geographic hotspots. We advocate for such contemporary, comprehensive and clinically meaningful epidemiological data reporting of blood cancer diagnoses in wider Australia. Such an approach will have significant implications towards developing appropriate data‐driven management strategies and public health responses for haematological malignancies.
Apatite and garnet stability in the Al–Ca–Mg–Si–(Gd/Y/Yb)–O systems and implications for T/EBC: CMAS reactions
Authors: Godbole Eeshani , von der Handt Anette , Poerschke David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work advances the understanding of the influence of rare earth (RE) ion radius on the stability and extent of the garnet solid solution phase in the (ytterbia/yttria/gadolinia)‐calcia‐magnesia‐alumina‐silica systems. Guided by the crystal chemistry and charge neutrality constraints, selected compositions in the notional garnet stability field were synthesized, equilibrated at 1400°C, and characterized to determine the equilibrium phases and their compositions. The results show a significant reduction in the stability of the silicate garnet relative to apatite with increasing RE ion radius. Apatite was not observed for any composition in the Yb‐containing system, the Y‐containing system formed both garnet and apatite, and there was no evidence of silicate garnets in the Gd‐containing system. However, despite the apparent differences in stability relative to apatite, the extent of the garnet solid solution increases only slightly for the Yb‐ compared to Y‐containing systems. The quantitative microchemical analysis suggests that Mg2+ prefers the octahedral site over the dodecahedral site in the garnet structure, and that the solubility of Mg2+ in the dodecahedral site increased in the system containing Yb3+ compared to Y3+. The results are discussed for their relevance to reactions between RE‐containing thermal and environmental barrier coatings and CMAS‐type silicate deposits.
Magneto‐plasmonic heterodimers: Evaluation of different synthesis approaches
Authors: Miola Marta , Multari Cristina , Debellis Doriana , Laviano Francesco , Gerbaldo Roberto , Vernè Enrica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanomedicine has gained huge attention in recent years with new approaches in medical diagnosis and therapy. Particular consideration has been devoted to the nanoparticles (NPs) in theranostic field with specific interest for magnetic and gold NPs (MNPs and GNPs) due to their peculiar properties under exposition to electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we aim to develop magneto‐plasmonic heterodimer by combining MNPs and GNPs through a facile and reproducible synthesis and to investigate the influence of different synthesis parameters on their response to magnetic and optical stimuli. In particular, various syntheses were performed by changing the functionalization step and using or not a reducing agent to obtain stable NP suspensions with tailored properties. The obtained heterodimers were characterized through physical, chemical, optical, and magnetic analysis, in order to evaluate their size, shape, plasmonic properties, and superparamagnetic behavior. The results revealed that the shape and dimensions of the nanocomposites can be tuned by MNPs surface functionalization, as well as by the use of a reducing agent, giving rise to nanoplatform suitable for biomedical application, exploiting the gold absorbing peak in the specific gold absorbing range of GNPs, while maintaining the superparamagnetic behavior typical of the MNPs. The obtained nanocomposites can be proposed as potential candidates for cancer theranostics.
Effect of spatio-temporal variables, host fish species and on-farm biosecurity measures on the prevalence of potentially pathogenic Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms
Authors: Kumar Chandra Bhushan , Kumar Anil , Paria Anutosh , Kumar Saurav , Prasad K. Pani , Rathore Gaurav 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
To determine the prevalence of Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms, factors affecting their prevalence and virulence factors associated with each species.

Methods and Results
In a cross-sectional study from 128 farms in four districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, 11 species of Aeromonas were identified by gyrB sequencing including the first report of Aeromonas crassostreae from fish. Four species of Aeromonas were more prevalent (MP) in fish farms, A. veronii bv. sobria (50.0%) was the highest, followed by A. caviae (18.8%), A. veronii bv. veronii (11.7%) and A. dhakensis (7.0%). The less prevalent (LP) species were A. hydrophila, A. media, A. jandaei, A. allosaccharophila, A. salmonicida, A. crassostreae and A. taiwanensis. Spatial variation in the prevalence of Aeromonas species was observed. Dominance of biovar sobria ranged from 33.3 to 68.6%, notably lesser in farms with on-farm biosecurity measures. The prevalence of biovar veronii was significantly associated with pangas fish, rainy season and farms with on-farm biosecurity measures. The prevalence of LP species was significantly higher in mrigal fish and winter season. Multiple virulence factors (&gt;6) were detected in 70.2% of the Aeromonas species. Significant association of β-hemolysin, DNase, slime production, act, ahh1, aexT and lip was observed with different species of Aeromonas. Moreover, 75.8% of Aeromonas species possessed one or more enterotoxins genes (act/alt/ast).

Conclusion
Significant association of spatio-temporal variables, host fish species and on-farm biosecurity measures were observed on the prevalence of some of the Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms. Most of the Aeromonas species harboured virulence factors indicating their potential for pathogenicity.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This is the first study that determined the prevalence and identified the factors that affect the prevalence of Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms. This information will be useful in managing Aeromonas infection in fish and their risks to public health.
Cardioversion of recent‐onset atrial fibrillation using intravenous antiarrhythmics: A European perspective
Authors: Lévy Samuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPharmacological cardioversion using intravenous antiarrhythmic agents is commonly indicated in symptomatic patients with recent‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Except in hemodynamically unstable patients who require emergency direct current electrical cardioversion, for the majority of hemodynamically stable patients, pharmacological cardioversion represents a valid option and requires the clinician to be familiar with the properties and use of antiarrhythmic agents. The main characteristics of selected intravenous antiarrhythmic agents for conversion of recent‐onset AF, the reported success rates, and possible adverse events are discussed. Among intravenous antiarrhythmics, flecainide, propafenone, amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide, ibutilide, and vernakalant are commonly used. Antazoline, an old antihistaminic agent with antiarrhythmic properties was also reported to give encouraging results in Poland. Intravenous flecainide and propafenone are the only Class I agents still recommended by recent guidelines. Intravenous new Class III agents as dofetilide and ibutilide have high and rapid efficacy in converting AF to sinus rhythm but require strict surveillance with electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring during and after intravenous administration because of the potential risk of QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes, which can be prevented and properly managed. Vernakalant, a partial atrial selective was shown to have a high success rate and to be safe in real‐life use.
Preclinical assessment of thrombin‐preconditioned human Wharton’s jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for neonatal hypoxic‐ischaemic brain injury
Authors: Noh Jung‐Ho , Jeong Ji‐Seong , Park Sang‐Jin , Jin Jung Kyung , Lee Byoung‐Seok , Kim Woo‐Jin , Han Ji‐Seok , Cho Min‐Kyung , Sung Dong Kyung , Ahn So Yoon , Chang Yun Sil , Son Hwa‐Young , Jeong Eun Ju 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain injury affecting approximately 1 million newborn babies per year worldwide, the only treatment for which is therapeutic hypothermia. Thrombin‐preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert neuroprotective effects by enriching cargo contents and boosting exosome biogenesis, thus showing promise as a new therapeutic strategy for HIE. This study was conducted to evaluate the tissue distribution and potential toxicity of thrombin‐preconditioned human Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (th‐hWJMSCs) in animal models before the initiation of clinical trials. We investigated the biodistribution, tumorigenicity and general toxicity of th‐hWJMSCs. MSCs were administered the maximum feasible dose (1 × 105 cells/10 µL/head) once, or at lower doses into the cerebral ventricle. To support the clinical use of th‐hWJMSCs for treating brain injury, preclinical safety studies were conducted in newborn Sprague‐Dawley rats and BALB/c nude mice. In addition, growth parameters were evaluated to assess the impact of th‐hWJMSCs on the growth of newborn babies. Our results suggest that th‐hWJMSCs are non‐toxic and non‐tumorigenic in rodent models, survive for up to 7 days in the brain and hold potential for HIE therapy.