bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of risk treatment paths within energy-oriented production planning and control
Authors: Roth Stefan , Kalchschmid Vincent , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProduction planning and control pursues high delivery reliability and short delivery time of the production system at the lowest possible costs. Especially in energy-intensive industries, energy cost account for a significant amount of manufacturing costs. The consideration of variable electricity market prices using energy-flexibility measures facilitates reduced costs by adapting the load profile of production to an electricity price forecast. However, it also increases the production planning and control system’s complexity by additional input variables and possible risks due to the influence of flexibility measures on the production system. In the case of unexpected events, such as failure of machines or faulty materials, it is difficult to adapt the complex production system to the new situation quickly. There is a risk of high additional costs by various causes, such as delays in deadlines or load peaks. Therefore, this paper presents an approach for developing and evaluating risk treatment paths, which include possible combinations of risks and measures for the mitigation of risk effects. The advantage of these paths compared to a situational reaction is that all effects and possible further interactions can be considered and thus overall cost-efficient solutions can be found. The approach is based on the determination of interactions through interpretive structural modelling and the calculation of conditional probabilities using Bayesian Networks. The approach was implemented in MATLAB® and applied using real order and energy data from a foundry. The results show that the presented approach enables structured and data-based comparison of risk treatment paths.
Universal consistency of twin support vector machines
Authors: Xu Weixia , Huang Dingjiang , Zhou Shuigeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA classification problem aims at constructing a best classifier with the smallest risk. When the sample size approaches infinity, the learning algorithms for a classification problem are characterized by an asymptotical property, i.e., universal consistency. It plays a crucial role in measuring the construction of classification rules. A universal consistent algorithm ensures that the larger the sample size of the algorithm is, the more accurately the distribution of the samples could be reconstructed. Support vector machines (SVMs) are regarded as one of the most important models in binary classification problems. How to effectively extend SVMs to twin support vector machines (TWSVMs) so as to improve performance of classification has gained increasing interest in many research areas recently. Many variants for TWSVMs have been proposed and used in practice. Thus in this paper, we focus on the universal consistency of TWSVMs in a binary classification setting. We first give a general framework for TWSVM classifiers that unifies most of the variants of TWSVMs for binary classification problems. Based on it, we then investigate the universal consistency of TWSVMs. To do this, we give some useful definitions of risk, Bayes risk and universal consistency for TWSVMs. Theoretical results indicate that universal consistency is valid for various TWSVM classifiers under some certain conditions, including covering number, localized covering number and stability. For applications of our general framework, several variants of TWSVMs are considered.
Structuring and advancing solution-oriented research for sustainability
Authors: Lang Daniel J. , Wiek Arnim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sustainability challenges the world faces today call for concerted and immediate action. Complementing problem-oriented, descriptive-analytical research with solution-oriented research could strengthen sustainability science’s contribution to address these challenges. We introduce different types of solution-oriented sustainability research to structure the discourse, outline opportunities to advance this research trajectory, and close with recommendations on how to support particularly students and early career researchers in getting involved with solution-oriented sustainability research.
Jatrophane Diterpenoids from the Seeds of Euphorbia peplus with Potential Bioactivities in Lysosomal-Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Chen Yan-Ni , Ding Xiao , Li Dong-Mei , Lu Qing-Yun , Liu Shuai , Li Ying-Yao , Di Ying-Tong , Fang Xin , Hao Xiao-Jiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Euphopepluanones F − K (1 − 4), four new jatrophane type diterpenoids were isolated from the seeds of Euphorbia peplus, along with eight known diterpenoids (5 − 12). Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and X-ray crystallographic experiments. The new compounds 1 − 4 were assessed for their activities to induce lysosomal biogenesis through LysoTracker Red staining. Compound 2 significantly induced lysosomal biogenesis. In addition, compound 2 could increase the number of LC3 dots, indicating that it could activate the lysosomal-autophagy pathway.

Graphic Abstract
Translation and Validation of the Greek Version of the Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (ASFQ)
Authors: Angelaki Maria , Galanis Petros , Igoumenou Artemis , Alexiou Eirini , Alevizopoulos Giorgos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction in patients with psychoses may be associated with the psychiatric illness itself (negative symptoms, such as apathy, and avolition), comorbid somatic health, psychosocial factors (stigmatization, discrimination), and the use of psychotropic drugs. In Greece, research into the study of antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction is not sufficient.

Aim
This study was conducted to translate and validate the Greek version of the Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (ASFQ) in a sample of patients receiving antipsychotic treatment.

Methods
A “forward-backward translation” method was applied. A pilot study was conducted with 15 outpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder under antipsychotics treatment. Patients also completed the “Subjects’ Response to Antipsychotics (SRA)” questionnaire in order to assess the validity of the ASFQ. The ASFQ and the SRA questionnaire were completed twice within 2 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity were assessed.

Results
The Greek translation of ASFQ was reliable, with excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.90 for men and 0.95 for women in both measurements). In addition, the Spearman correlation coefficient was 1 (P&lt; .001) in all Likert-type questions in both assessments. Finally, Spearman correlation coefficients between ASFQ and SRA were moderately positive to strongly positive (between 0.25 and 1) in both assessments, demonstrating moderate to high validity.

Conclusions
The Greek version of the ASFQ has proved to be a reliable and valid clinical instrument, hence it can be used in further studies in the Greek population.
Trajectory Simulation and Prediction of COVID‐19 via Compound Natural Factor (CNF) Model in EDBF Algorithm
Authors: Zuo Zhengkang , Ullah Sana , Yan Lei , Sun Yiyuan , Peng Fei , Jiang Kaiwen , Zhao Hongying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNatural and non‐natural factors have combined effects on the trajectory of COVID‐19 pandemic, but it is difficult to make them separate. To address this problem, a two‐stepped methodology is proposed. First, a compound natural factor (CNF) model is developed via assigning weight to each of seven investigated natural factors, that is temperature, humidity, visibility, wind speed, barometric pressure, aerosol, and vegetation in order to show their coupling relationship with the COVID‐19 trajectory. Onward, the empirical distribution based framework (EDBF) is employed to iteratively optimize the coupling relationship between trajectory and CNF to express the real interaction. In addition, the collected data is considered from the backdate, that is about 23 days—which contains 14‐days incubation period and 9‐days invalid human response time—due to the nonavailability of prior information about the natural spreading of virus without any human intervention(s), and also lag effects of the weather change and social interventions on the observed trajectory due to the COVID‐19 incubation period; Second, the optimized CNF‐plus‐polynomial model is used to predict the future trajectory of COVID‐19. Results revealed that aerosol and visibility show the higher contribution to transmission, wind speed to death, and humidity followed by barometric pressure dominate the recovery rates, respectively. Consequently, the average effect of environmental change to COVID‐19 trajectory in China is minor in all variables, that is about −0.3%, +0.3%, and +0.1%, respectively. In this research, the response analysis of COVID‐19 trajectory to the compound natural interactions presents a new prospect on the part of global pandemic trajectory to environmental changes.
The Role of Fluid Pressure‐Induced Aseismic Slip in Earthquake Cycle Modulation
Authors: Lui S. K. Y. , Huang Y. , Young R. P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe evolving state of fault stress during and after the perturbation of fluid pressure gives rise to an intriguing interplay of seismic and aseismic slip on the fault. A better understanding of the possible role of fluids in the triggering mechanism of seismicity is pivotal to effective seismic hazard mitigation, particularly in the context of induced seismicity. Through numerical modeling, we investigate the effect of pore pressure perturbations on the spatio‐temporal evolution of fault slip and the modulation of earthquake cycles. Pressure perturbations are imposed at different magnitudes and different times during a selected interseismic period. Results show a wide range of aseismic responses which can lead to both time advancement and delay of subsequent earthquakes. Specifically, even pressure perturbation <5% of the average event stress drop can trigger aseismic slip that leads to considerable time delay in the next earthquake even when perturbation occurs late in the interseismic period. We find that earthquakes that are delayed in time are associated with large aseismic moment release. Our study highlights the importance of close monitoring of aseismic fault slip in regions prone to the influence of pore fluids and provides physical insights into identifying critical aseismic responses associated with certain triggering outcomes.
The Viscosity of the Top Third of the Lower Mantle Estimated Using GPS, GRACE, and Relative Sea Level Measurements of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment
Authors: Argus Donald F. , Peltier W. Richard , Blewitt Geoffrey , Kreemer Corné 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe distinguish between two models of solid Earth's viscoelastic response to unloading of the Laurentide ice sheet over the past 26,000 years. The upper mantle viscosity in both models is 0.5 × 1021 Pa s. The viscosity of the top 500 km of the lower mantle (670–1,170 km) in model L17 is 13 × 1021 Pa s, eight times larger than the value of 1.6 × 1021 Pa s in ICE‐6G_D (VM5a). In ICE‐6G_D (VM5a), viscous relaxation of solid Earth was rapid 8,000 years ago and is slow today, with present‐day uplift at the Laurentide ice center being 12 mm/yr. In L17, solid Earth relaxed more slowly 8,000 years ago but is faster today, with present uplift of the ice center occurring at 20 mm/yr. The significant difference is not due to different ice histories given that total ice loss in L17 is just 12% less than in ICE‐6G_D. We determine a comprehensive set of GPS uplift rates for North America that is more accurate than in prior studies due to (1) more sites and a longer data time history, (2) removal of elastic loading produced by increase in Great Lakes water, and (3) technical advances in GPS positioning that have significantly reduced the dispersion in position estimates. We find uplift at the ice center to be about 12 mm/yr, supporting the low value of the viscosity of the top 500 km of the lower mantle in ICE‐6G_D (VM5a), but ruling out the high value in L17.
Dynamics of Eddy Generation in the Southeast Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Wang Xuan , Cheng Xuhua , Liu Xiaohui , Chen Dake 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSatellite observations indicate that the southeast tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) is a region full of eddies, which are generated near 120°E and propagate westward/southwestward. The vertical structure of eddies shows that eddy‐induced temperature anomalies are mainly confined within the upper 200 m. The maximum anomaly is located at ∼100 m depth, near the depth of the thermocline, indicating that eddy generation is related to vertical motions of the thermocline. To further investigate the generation mechanisms of mesoscale eddies, we obtain a suite of solutions of the 1½‐layer reduced gravity model, which can capture the first baroclinic process quite well. The solutions suggest that wind forcing from the tropical Pacific Ocean and nonlinearity play important roles in eddy generation in the SETIO.
Assessment of Atmospheric Oxidizing Capacity Over the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) Area, China
Authors: Feng Tian , Zhao Shuyu , Hu Bo , Bei Naifang , Zhang Xiu , Wu Jiarui , Li Xia , Liu Lang , Wang Ruonan , Tie Xuexi , Li Guohui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) plays a key role in atmospheric chemistry, determining the removal of most reduced gases in the atmosphere. In this study, we assess the summertime AOC from 7 to 22 June 2014 associated with a field campaign conducted at Wangdu in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region (BTH), China using the WRF‐Chem model. The model reasonably well reproduces the incident solar radiation, ambient O3 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations, the photolysis rates of O3 and NO2, and radical concentrations against measurements in the BTH. The model results show high daytime AOC levels in urban areas and relatively low AOC in remote areas of the BTH. The diurnal cycle of the AOC exhibits a unimodal pattern with peaks at noon. OH radical contributes about 68% of the daily average AOC in Beijing, followed by O3 (27%) and NO3 (5%). At Wangdu, the production rate of OH radical reaches around 13 ppb h−1 at noon, which is mainly resulted from the reaction of HO2 with NO. The OH radical loss is primarily contributed by reactions with volatile organic compounds, followed by CO and NO2. Statistically, the population hourly or afternoon average O3 and Ox (=O3 + NO2) concentrations are significantly correlated with the AOC in Beijing, constituting potential simplified tracers to indicate the AOC level.
Representing Human Water Management in a Land Surface Model Using a Supply/Demand Approach
Authors: Zhou Xudong , Polcher Jan , Dumas Patrice 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of human water management on river discharge is increasingly viewed as a missing process in Earth system modeling. Models which have attempted to include it are generally at coarse resolution and uncoupled to the atmosphere. We propose to describe human water management at high spatial resolution using ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic EcosystEms concept of hydrological‐transfer‐units in the routing parametrization. Irrigated areas are linked to river abstraction points using a minimization process. The directed graphs of river flows and adduction network for irrigation is transposed to propagate water demands upstream. Reservoirs and dams are placed along the graph to balance supply and demands in the four chosen water value classes. Dam regulation is assumed to maximize demand satisfaction and dampen floods while respecting the properties of the infrastructure. The developed human water management module is applied to the Yellow River where irrigation and dam regulation are known to have a strong impact. Results show that the impact of human water management is strongly heterogeneous over space. It propagates along the river channels and can be mitigated by the confluence of tributaries. Moreover, the human impact has a strong seasonality due to time varying irrigation demands and the response of dam regulation. A number of uncertainties still remain and affect the simulated river discharge. Nevertheless, the representation of human water management improves the model's behavior in terms of magnitude and intra‐annual variations of river discharge, and offers the opportunity to implement anthropogenic processes in the water cycle of Earth System Models.
Use of an Efficient Proxy Solution for the Hillslope‐Storage Boussinesq Problem in Upscaling of Subsurface Stormflow
Authors: Ranjram Mark , Craig James R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe hillslope‐storage Boussinesq (hsB) equation is a modification of the one‐dimensional Boussinesq representation of saturated subsurface flow that accommodates the impact of converging and diverging flows resulting from a hillslope with nonconstant width. Here, a surrogate model, the hsB Proxy, is developed which closely emulates the results of high‐quality numerical solutions of the hsB to reproduce the drainage response of a wide range of wedge‐shaped hillslopes in response to a recharge time series at a fraction of the computational cost of a numerical solution and with minimal loss of fidelity. The efficacy of the Proxy in emulating the hsB response of a single hillslope and the aggregate response of a network of hillslopes is demonstrated. The Proxy applies to wedge‐shaped hillslopes with homogenous hydraulic conductivity under uniform recharge, with the expectation that these hillslopes may inform future investigations into the upscaling behavior that results in the known power‐law relationship between subsurface storage and outflow in a basin. The utility of the hsB as a tool for evaluating upscaling problems is demonstrated in two applications. First, the Proxy response is compared to the known basin‐scale recession behavior in the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, under both transient and steady‐state conditions. Second, the Proxy is applied to derive the single best effective hillslope in a basin. The Proxy is expected to be a useful tool for rapid simulation of subsurface flow from hillslopes for use in hydrological models and land surface schemes.
SCENTinel 1.0: Development of a Rapid Test to Screen for Smell Loss
Authors: Parma Valentina , Hannum Mackenzie E , O’Leary Maureen , Pellegrino Robert , Rawson Nancy E , Reed Danielle R , Dalton Pamela H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Commercially available smell tests are primarily used in research or in-depth clinical evaluations and are too costly and time-consuming for population surveillance in health emergencies like COVID-19. To address this need, we developed the SCENTinel 1.0 test, which rapidly evaluates 3 olfactory functions: detection, intensity, and identification. We tested whether self-administering the SCENTinel 1.0 test discriminates between individuals with self-reported smell loss and those with average smell ability (normosmic individuals) and provides performance comparable to the validated and standardized NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test in normosmic individuals. Using Bayesian linear models and prognostic classification algorithms, we compared the SCENTinel 1.0 performance of a group of self-reported anosmic individuals (N = 111, 47 ± 13 years old, F = 71%) and normosmic individuals (N = 154, 47 ± 14 years old, F = 74%) as well as individuals reporting other smell disorders (such as hyposmia or parosmia; N = 42, 55 ± 10 years old, F = 67%). Ninety-four percent of normosmic individuals met our SCENTinel 1.0 accuracy criteria compared with only 10% of anosmic individuals and 64% of individuals with other smell disorders. Overall performance on SCENTinel 1.0 predicted belonging to the normosmic group better than identification or detection alone (vs. anosmic: AUC = 0.95, specificity = 0.94). Odor intensity provided the best single-feature predictor to classify normosmic individuals. Among normosmic individuals, 92% met the accuracy criteria at both SCENTinel 1.0 and the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test. SCENTinel 1.0 is a practical test able to discriminate individuals with smell loss and will likely be useful in many clinical situations, including COVID-19 symptom screening.
Simulation for cybersecurity: state of the art and future directions
Authors: Kavak Hamdi , Padilla Jose J , Vernon-Bido Daniele , Diallo Saikou Y , Gore Ross , Shetty Sachin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, we provide an introduction to simulation for cybersecurity and focus on three themes: (1) an overview of the cybersecurity domain; (2) a summary of notable simulation research efforts for cybersecurity; and (3) a proposed way forward on how simulations could broaden cybersecurity efforts. The overview of cybersecurity provides readers with a foundational perspective of cybersecurity in the light of targets, threats, and preventive measures. The simulation research section details the current role that simulation plays in cybersecurity, which mainly falls on representative environment building; test, evaluate, and explore; training and exercises; risk analysis and assessment; and humans in cybersecurity research. The proposed way forward section posits that the advancement of collecting and accessing sociotechnological data to inform models, the creation of new theoretical constructs, and the integration and improvement of behavioral models are needed to advance cybersecurity efforts.
Emerging evidence for a mechanistic link between low-frequency oscillation of ventricular repolarization measured from the electrocardiogram T-wave vector and arrhythmia
Authors: Taggart Peter , Pueyo Esther , Duijvenboden Stefan van , Porter Bradley , Bishop Martin , Sampedro-Puente David A , Orini M , Hanson B , Rinaldi Christopher A , Gill Jaswinder S , Lambiase Pier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Strong recent clinical evidence links the presence of prominent oscillations of ventricular repolarization in the low-frequency range (0.04–0.15 Hz) to the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in post-MI patients and patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. It has been proposed that these oscillations reflect oscillations of ventricular action potential duration at the sympathetic nerve frequency. Here we review emerging evidence to support that contention and provide insight into possible underlying mechanisms for this association.