bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung adenocarcinoma concomitant with xeroderma pigmentosum: a case report
Authors: Matsumoto Masataka , Kaneshiro Kazumi , Takatsuki Kiyonobu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare, autosomal-recessive photosensitive dermatosis. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have an impaired ability to repair deoxyribonucleic acid damage caused by ultraviolet rays, resulting in skin cancer. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are more susceptible to some cancers. We herein report a case of xeroderma pigmentosum accompanied by lung cancer.

Case presentation
The patient was a Japanese woman in her 70s with a family history of consanguineous marriage. Her medical history included squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, in addition to xeroderma pigmentosum. She presented with dry skin with small, pigmented spots, which were particularly focused around the areas exposed to sunlight. Chest computed tomography was conducted to assess for any evidence of metastatic skin carcinoma, and revealed a tumor in the left upper subpleural lobe of the lung. Consequently, she was referred to our department. Finally, we diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma (pT2aN0M1b: stage IVA). She had an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (p.L858R). Treatment with an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (gefitinib) was initiated, and the tumor gradually regressed. No side effects were observed. However, she later died from aspiration pneumonia.

Conclusions
Although xeroderma pigmentosum is rare, a history of consanguineous marriage should be verified. Because of the severe side effects of cisplatin and radiotherapy in xeroderma pigmentosum patients, the risks and benefits of treatment should be considered thoroughly.
Lyophilized powder of mesenchymal stem cell supernatant attenuates acute lung injury through the IL-6–p-STAT3–p63–JAG2 pathway
Authors: Peng Wenjun , Chang Meijia , Wu Yuanyuan , Zhu Wensi , Tong Lin , Zhang Ge , Wang Qin , Liu Jie , Zhu Xiaoping , Cheng Tingting , Li Yijia , Chen Xi , Weng Dong , Liu Sanhong , Zhang Hongwei , Su Yao , Zhou Jian , Li Huayin , Song Yuanlin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are syndromes of acute respiratory failure with extremely high mortality and few effective treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may reportedly contribute to tissue repair in ALI and ARDS. However, applications of MSCs have been restricted due to safety considerations and limitations in terms of large-scale production and industrial delivery. Alternatively, the MSC secretome has been considered promising for use in therapeutic approaches and has been advanced in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Furthermore, the MSC secretome can be freeze-dried into a stable and ready-to-use supernatant lyophilized powder (SLP) form. Currently, there are no studies on the role of MSC SLP in ALI.

Methods
Intratracheal bleomycin was used to induce ALI in mice, and intratracheal MSC SLP was administered as a treatment. Histopathological assessment was performed by hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptosis, inflammatory infiltration, immunological cell counts, cytokine levels, and mRNA- and protein-expression levels of relevant targets were measured by performing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays, determining total cell and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, flow cytometry, multiple cytokine-detection techniques, and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively.

Results
We found that intratracheal MSC SLP considerably promoted cell survival, inhibited epithelial cell apoptosis, attenuated inflammatory cell recruitment, and reversed immunological imbalances induced by bleomycin. MSC SLP inhibited the interleukin 6–phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway to activate tumor protein 63–jagged 2 signaling in basal cells, suppress T helper 17 cell differentiation, promote p63+ cell proliferation and lung damage repair, and attenuate inflammatory responses.

Conclusions
MSC SLP ameliorated ALI by activating p63 and promoting p63+ cell proliferation and the repair of damaged epithelial cells. The findings of this study also shed insight into ALI pathogenesis and imply that MSC SLP shows considerable therapeutic promise for treating ALI and ARDS.
De-identifying Spanish medical texts - named entity recognition applied to radiology reports
Authors: Pérez-Díez Irene , Pérez-Moraga Raúl , López-Cerdán Adolfo , Salinas-Serrano Jose-Maria , la Iglesia-Vayá María de 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Medical texts such as radiology reports or electronic health records are a powerful source of data for researchers. Anonymization methods must be developed to de-identify documents containing personal information from both patients and medical staff. Although currently there are several anonymization strategies for the English language, they are also language-dependent. Here, we introduce a named entity recognition strategy for Spanish medical texts, translatable to other languages.

Results
We tested 4 neural networks on our radiology reports dataset, achieving a recall of 97.18% of the identifying entities. Alongside, we developed a randomization algorithm to substitute the detected entities with new ones from the same category, making it virtually impossible to differentiate real data from synthetic data. The three best architectures were tested with the MEDDOCAN challenge dataset of electronic health records as an external test, achieving a recall of 69.18%.

Conclusions
The strategy proposed, combining named entity recognition tasks with randomization of entities, is suitable for Spanish radiology reports. It does not require a big training corpus, thus it could be easily extended to other languages and medical texts, such as electronic health records.
LigaSure small jaw versus conventional neck dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Tai-Yu , Hsin Li-Jen , Lin Wan-Ni , Tsai Ming-Shao , Tsai Yao-Te , Lee Yi-Chan 
Published: March 2021

Background Neck dissection has a central role in the management of head and neck cancers. This systematic review aimed to compare the intraoperative and postoperative parameters between conventional and LigaSure Small Jaw (LSJ)-assisted neck dissection. Methods PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. independently by two authors for relevant articles comparing the outcomes of conventional and LSJ-assisted neck dissection. Data from each study were extracted, and a random-effects model was used in the pooled analysis. Results Compared with conventional techniques, LSJ-assisted neck dissection was associated with a significantly reduced operative time. The rates of postoperative hematoma, infection, amount of intraoperative blood loss, the length of hospital stay and the drainage amount showed no significant intergroup differences. Conclusions The meta-analysis provides evidence that properly using LSJ may reduce the operative time compared with that of conventional techniques. Surgeons may consider using LSJ in neck dissection according to personal experiences. Graphical Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation via telerehabilitation in COVID-19 pandemic situation
Authors: Sari Dian M. , Wijaya Laurentia C. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Adherence to medication and lifestyle changes are very important in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. One of the ways is by doing a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Main body of the abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation program is divided into three phases. The cardiac rehabilitation program’s implementation, especially the second phase, center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR), has many barriers not to participate optimally. Therefore, the third phase, known as home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR), can become a substitute or addition to CBCR. On the other hand, this phase is also an essential part of the patients’ functional capacity. During the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, HBCR has become the leading solution in the cardiac rehabilitation program’s sustainability. Innovation is needed in its implementation, such as telerehabilitation. So, the cardiac rehabilitation program can be implemented by patients and monitored by health care providers continuously.

Short conclusion
Physicians play an essential role in motivating patients and encouraging their family members to commit to a sustainable CR program with telerehabilitation to facilitate its implementation.
An advanced hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for solving small- and large-scale engineering design optimization problems
Authors: Verma Pooja , Parouha Raghav Prasad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn advanced hybrid algorithm (haDEPSO) is proposed in this paper for small- and large-scale engineering design optimization problems. Suggested advanced, differential evolution (aDE) and particle swarm optimization (aPSO) integrated with proposedhaDEPSO. In aDE a novel, mutation, crossover and selection strategy is introduced, to avoid premature convergence. And aPSO consists of novel gradually varying parameters, to escape stagnation. So, convergence characteristic of aDE and aPSO provides different approximation to the solution space. Thus,haDEPSO achieve better solutions due to integrating merits of aDE and aPSO. Also inhaDEPSO individual population is merged with other in a pre-defined manner, to balance between global and local search capability. The performance of proposedhaDEPSO and its component aDE and aPSO are validated on 23 unconstrained benchmark functions, then solved five small (structural engineering) and one large (economic load dispatch)-scale engineering design optimization problems. Outcome analyses confirm superiority of proposed algorithms over many state-of-the-art algorithms.
An adaptive stratified joint PP and PS AVA inversion using accurate Jacobian matrix
Authors: Liu Xiaobo , Chen Jingyi , Zeng Jing , Liu Fuping , Huang Handong , Zhao Zhencong , Luo Yaneng 
Published: March 2021

Amplitude variation with incidence angle (AVA) analysis is an essential tool for discriminating lithology in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Compared to traditional AVA inversion using only compressional wave (P-wave) information, joint AVA inversion using PP and PS seismic data provides better estimation of rock properties (e.g., density, P- and shear wave [S-wave] velocities). Currently, the most used AVA inversions depend on the approximations of the Zoeppritz equations (e.g., the Shuey and Aki-Richards approximations), which are not suitable for formations with strong contrast interfaces and seismic data with large incidence angles. Based on the previous derivation of the accurate Jacobian matrix, we have found that the sign of each partial derivative of reflection coefficient with respect to the P-, S-wave velocities and density changes across the interface represents a good indicator for the reflection interfaces. Accordingly, we adopt an adaptive stratified joint PP and PS AVA inversion using the accurate Jacobian matrix that can automatically obtain the layer information and can be further used as a constraint in the inversion of in-layer rock properties (density and P- and S-wave velocities). Due to the use of the exact Zoeppritz equations and accurate Jacobian matrix, this proposed inversion method is more accurate than traditional AVA inversion methods, has higher computational efficiency, and can be applied to seismic wide-angle reflection data or seismic data acquired for formations with strong contrast interfaces. The model study shows that this proposed inversion method works better than the classic Shuey and Aki-Richards approximations at estimating reflection interfaces and in-layer rock properties. It also works well in handling a part of the complex Marmousi 2 model and real seismic data.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With PIK3CA-Mutated Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced Breast Cancer From SOLAR-1
Authors: Ciruelos Eva Maria , Rugo Hope S. , Mayer Ingrid A. , Levy Christelle , Forget Frédéric , Delgado Mingorance Juan Ignacio , Safra Tamar , Masuda Norikazu , Park Yeon Hee , Juric Dejan , Conte Pierfranco , Campone Mario , Loibl Sibylle , Iwata Hiroji , Zhou Xiaolei , Park Jinhee , Ridolfi Antonia , Lorenzo Ines , André Fabrice 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE In the phase III SOLAR-1 trial ( NCT02437318 ), the PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and degrader alpelisib significantly improved median progression-free survival when added to fulvestrant in patients with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha ( PIK3CA)–mutated, hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer. We assessed health-related quality of life using patient-reported outcome measures in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the PIK3CA-mutant cohort, 341 patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive alpelisib 300 mg daily or placebo plus fulvestrant 500 mg on days 1 and 15 of cycle 1 and on day 1 of subsequent 28-day cycles. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL of Cancer Patients and Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form questionnaires. Changes from baseline and time to 10% deterioration were analyzed using repeated measurement models and Cox models, respectively. RESULTS Global Health Status/QoL and functional status were maintained from baseline (mean changes < 10 points) in the alpelisib (overall change from baseline [95% CI], −3.50 [−8.02 to 1.02]) and placebo arms (overall change from baseline [95% CI], 0.27 [−4.48 to 5.02]). Overall treatment effect in Global Health Status/QoL was not significantly different between arms (−3.77; 95% CI, −8.35 to 0.80; P = .101). Time to 10% deterioration for Global Health Status/QoL was similar between arms (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.48). Compared with placebo, deterioration in social functioning and in diarrhea, appetite loss, nausea or vomiting, and fatigue symptom subscales occurred with alpelisib. Numerical improvement in Worst Pain was observed with alpelisib versus placebo (42% v 32%, week 24; P = .090). CONCLUSION In SOLAR-1, there was no statistical difference in deterioration of Global Health Status/QoL between arms, whereas symptom subscales favored placebo for diarrhea, appetite loss, nausea or vomiting, and fatigue, known side effects of alpelisib. Treatment decisions must consider efficacy and tolerability; taken with clinical efficacy, these results support the benefit-risk profile of alpelisib in patients with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer.
Bone Material Strength Index as Measured by Impact Microindentation is Low in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Schoeb Manuela , Winter Elizabeth M , Sleddering Maria A , Lips Mirjam A , Schepers Abbey , Snel Marieke , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
In primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) bone mineral density (BMD) is typically decreased in cortical bone and relatively preserved in trabecular bone. An increased fracture rate is observed however not only at peripheral sites but also at the spine, and fractures occur at higher BMD values than expected. We hypothesized that components of bone quality other than BMD are affected in PHPT as well.

Objective
To evaluate bone material properties using impact microindentation (IMI) in PHPT patients.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, the Bone Material Strength index (BMSi) was measured by IMI at the midshaft of the tibia in 37 patients with PHPT (28 women), 11 of whom had prevalent fragility fractures, and 37 euparathyroid controls (28 women) matched for age, gender, and fragility fracture status.

Results
Mean age of PHPT patients and controls was 61.8 ± 13.3 and 61.0 ± 11.8 years, respectively, P = .77. Calcium and PTH levels were significantly higher in PHPT patients but BMD at the lumbar spine (0.92 ± 0.15 vs 0.89 ± 0.11, P = .37) and the femoral neck (0.70 ± 0.11 vs 0.67 ± 0.07, P = .15) were comparable between groups. BMSi however was significantly lower in PHPT patients than in controls (78.2 ± 5.7 vs 82.8 ± 4.5, P &lt; .001). In addition, BMSi was significantly lower in 11 PHPT patients with fragility fractures than in the 26 PHPT patients without fragility fractures (74.7 ± 6.0 vs 79.6 ± 5.0, P = .015).

Conclusion
Our data indicate that bone material properties are altered in PHPT patients and most affected in those with prevalent fractures. IMI might be a valuable additional tool in the evaluation of bone fragility in patients with PHPT.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Early-Detected Central Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Naafs Jolanda C , Marchal Jan Pieter , Verkerk Paul H , Fliers Eric , van Trotsenburg A S Paul , Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Central congenital hypothyroidism (CH) requires lifelong medical treatment. The majority of children with central CH have multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD), but in some cases central CH is isolated. Most pituitary hormone deficiencies are associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, studies on HRQoL in central CH are lacking.

Objective
To evaluate HRQoL and fatigue in children and young adults with central CH, as well as parent perspectives.

Design
Nationwide cross-sectional study comparing HRQoL between early-detected central CH patients and unaffected siblings with the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory (PedsQL™) and PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Participants ≥ 8 years old filled in self-reports; parents of participants aged 3 to 18 years filled in parent reports. Isolated central CH patients, MPHD patients, and siblings were compared using a linear mixed model and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results
Eighty-eight patients and 52 siblings participated, yielding 98 self-reports and 115 parent reports. Isolated central CH patients (n = 35) and siblings showed similar scores on all subscales, both in the self-reports and parent reports. For MPHD patients (n = 53), self-reported scores were similar to those of siblings. Parent reported total HRQoL and fatigue scores were significantly poorer in MPHD patients compared with siblings (mean differences −10.2 and −9.4 points; P &lt; 0.01), as were scores for physical functioning, social functioning and general fatigue.

Conclusion
Self-reported HRQoL scores in isolated central CH and MPHD patients were similar to siblings. However, parents reported significantly lower HRQoL and fatigue scores for MPHD patients, suggesting a difference in perceived limitations between MPHD patients and their parents.
Predictors of Bilateral Disease in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Cherella Christine E , Richman Danielle M , Liu Enju , Frates Mary C , Modi Biren P , Zendejas Benjamin , Smith Jessica R , Barletta Justine A , Hollowell Monica L , Wassner Ari J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Total thyroidectomy is recommended for children with papillary thyroid carcinoma, partly because of a high prevalence of bilateral disease. Identifying characteristics that predict bilateral disease might identify candidates for more limited surgery.

Objective
Investigate associations of preoperative or histopathological characteristics with bilateral disease in children with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study (1998-2020) at 2 academic hospitals. Patients &lt;19 years who underwent total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer were included. Clinical, sonographic, and histopathological characteristics were evaluated. The presence of bilateral disease on histopathology was assessed by univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
One hundred and fifteen subjects were analyzed (90% with papillary carcinoma). Median (range) age at diagnosis was 15.0 (8.1-18.9) years. Bilateral disease was present in 47/115 subjects (41%). Bilateral disease was associated with solid parenchyma, calcifications, irregular margins, and abnormal lymph nodes detected by ultrasound, Bethesda class V/VI cytology, papillary histology, tumor multifocality in the primary lobe, extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular invasion, and nodal metastases. In multivariable analysis, only multifocality in the primary lobe was independently associated with bilateral disease (OR 7.61, 95% CI 2.44-23.8, P &lt; .001). Among clinically node-negative subjects with papillary carcinoma who did not have tumor multifocality in the primary lobe, bilateral disease was present in 5/32 (16%).

Conclusions
In children with differentiated thyroid cancer, tumor multifocality in the primary lobe is associated with bilateral disease and should prompt consideration of completion thyroidectomy after initial lobectomy. Clinically node-negative children with tumors that are unifocal in the primary lobe have a low likelihood of contralateral disease.
Carbohydrate Intake Prior to Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing
Authors: Klein Klara R , Walker Christopher P , McFerren Amber L , Huffman Halie , Frohlich Flavio , Buse John B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the emergence of glycated hemoglobin as a diagnostic test for diabetes, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) have become rare in endocrinology practice. As they have moved out of favor, the importance of patient instructions on preparation prior to OGTT has faded from memory. Decades-old literature, well-known to endocrinologists a generation ago, emphasized the importance of carbohydrate intake prior to OGTT. In this expert endocrine consult, we discuss an OGTT performed in a research setting without adequate carbohydrate intake at the evening meal prior to the OGTT. The resultant elevated plasma glucose levels at 1-hour and 2-hours mimicked the loss of first-phase insulin release seen in early type 1 and type 2 diabetes. With clinical concern that the research participant had evolving type 1 or type 2 diabetes, the volunteer was subjected to additional testing and experienced anxiety. Repeat OGTT was normal after adequate carbohydrate intake (&gt;150 grams/day and &gt;50 grams the evening prior to overnight fast for the study). The physiology of this phenomenon is explored and is likely mediated through beta cell adaptation and alteration in peripheral glucose uptake in response to nutrient exposure. The learnings of decades ago have clearly faded, and this literature should be revisited to ensure that OGTT results are not compromised when ordered for clinical or research purposes.