bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Basin Modelling to Understand Injected CO2 Migration and Trapping Mechanisms: A Case Study from the Sleipner CO2 Storage Operation
Authors: Kaeng Geovani Christopher , Evans Kate , Bebb Florence , Head Rebecca 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
CO2 migration and trapping in saline aquifers involves the injection of a non-wetting fluid that displaces the in-situ brine, a process that is often termed ‘drainage’ in reservoir flow dynamics. With respect to simulation, however, this process is more typical of regional basin modelling and percolating hydrocarbon migration. In this study, we applied the invasion percolation method commonly used in hydrocarbon migration modelling to the CO2 injection operation at the Sleipner storage site.
We applied a CO2 migration model that was simulated using a modified invasion percolation algorithm, based upon the Young-Laplace principle of fluid flow. This algorithm assumes that migration occurs in a state of capillary equilibrium in a flow regime dominated by buoyancy (driving) and capillary (restrictive) forces. Entrapment occurs when rock capillary threshold pressure exceeds fluid buoyancy pressure. Leaking occurs when fluid buoyancy pressure exceeds rock capillary threshold pressure. This is now widely understood to be an accurate description of basin-scale hydrocarbon migration and reservoir filling.
The geological and geophysical analysis of the Sleipner CO2 plume anatomy, as observed from the seismic data, suggested that the distribution of CO2 was strongly affected by the geological heterogeneity of the storage formation. In the simulation model, the geological heterogeneity were honored by taking the original resolution of the seismic volume as the base grid. The model was then run at an ultra-fast simulation time in a matter of seconds or minutes per realization, which allowed multiple scenarios to be performed for uncertainty analysis. It was then calibrated to the CO2 plume distribution observed on seismic, and achieved an accurate match.
The paper establishes that the physical principle of CO2 flow dynamics follows the Young-Laplace flow physics. It is then argued that this method is most suitable for the regional site screening and characterization, as well as for site-specific injectivity and containment analysis in saline aquifers.
An Integrated Approach to Well Logging: The Case of the Bazhenov Formation
Authors: Lazutkin Dmitry Mikhailovich , Bukov Oleg Vladimirovich , Kashapov Denis Vagizovich , Drobot Albina Viktorovna , Stepanova Maria Alexandrovna , Saprykina Ksenia Mikhailovna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
New geological structures – displaced blocks of salt diapirs’ overburden – were identified in the axial part of the Dnieper-Donets basin (DDB) beside one of the largest salt domes due to modern high-precision gravity and magnetic surveys and their joint 3D inversion with seismic and well log data.
Superposition of gravity lineaments and wells penetrating Middle and Lower Carboniferous below Permian and Upper Carboniferous sediments in proximity to salt allowed to propose halokinetic model salt overburden displacement, assuming Upper Carboniferous reactivation.
Analogy with rafts and carapaces of the Gulf of Mexico is considered in terms of magnitude of salt-induced deformations.
Density of Carboniferous rocks within the displaced flaps evidence a high probability of hydrocarbon saturation. Possible traps include uplifted parts of the overturned flaps, abutting Upper Carboniferous reservoirs, and underlying Carboniferous sequence. Play elements are analyzed using analogues from the Dnieper-Donets basin and the Gulf of Mexico.
Hydrocarbon reserves of the overturned flaps within the study area are estimated to exceed Q50 (Р50) = 150 million cubic meters of oil equivalent.
Application of Synthesized Novel Biodegradable Pour-Point Depressant from Natural Source on Flow Assurance of Indian Waxy Crude Oil and Comparative Studies with Commercial Pour-Point Depressant
Authors: Pal Biswadeep , Naiya Tarun Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Pour-point depressants (PPDs) were synthesized from natural sources and used in waxy crude oil transportation to reduce the pour point and improve flow. A biodegradable PPD (BPPD) was synthesized and tested to mitigate crude oil flow assurance problems in the present work. The transesterification process was used to synthesize coconut oil ethyl ester (COEE, termed as BPPD). Fourier transform electron spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), and microscopic analysis were performed for better understanding of mechanisms for both BPPD and a commercially available PPD named PPD-A. The pour point of crude oil was reduced by 12 and 9°C after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD and PPD-A, respectively. The microscopic analysis confirms that the crystals of wax converted to very fine and dispersed particles during mixing of additives, which in turn increase flowability. BPPD performs better to reduce interfacial tension than PPD-A. The maximum reduction of 19% in interfacial tension was observed after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD. BPPD alters the wettability of the pipeline surface from intermediate wet to water-wet within 60 seconds, which results in reduced slip velocity and consequently lessens the deposition of wax. As a result, crude oils will not stick to the wall of the pipe surface and will experience less resistance to flow through pipelines. FTIR analysis indicated that long-chain alkane and aromatic groups are responsible for a higher pour point, and their concentration level was reduced after the addition of BPPD. The viscosity of crude oil was reduced by almost 94% after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD with crude oil, which in turn minimizes pumping costs for crude oil. As a result, the total project cost was reduced substantially. Biodegradability tests confirm that the BPPD is biodegradable and nontoxic. Due to its biodegradability and nontoxic nature, BPPD has a promising capacity to be used in the petroleum industry for easier pipeline transportation of waxy crude.
Thermal structuring of metal-semiconductor core
fibres: toward optoelectronic device fabrication
Authors: Song Seunghan , Laurell Fredrik , Meehan Bailey , Hawkins Thomas , Ballato John , Gibson Ursula 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Combining metal and semiconducting components in the core of a glass-clad fibre brings new breadth to the range of structures that can be fabricated using localized thermal gradients. Both axial and lateral structuring of fibres drawn withm ultiple components is demonstrated, as well as the introduction, segregation and chemical reaction of metal components within an initially pure silicon core. Gold and tin longitudinal electrodes fabrication, segregation of GaSb and Si in an initially inhomogeneous fiber into parallel axial layers and Al doping of a GaSb core were demonstrated. Gold was introduced into Si fibers to purify the core or weld an exposed core to a Si wafer. Ga and Sb introduced from opposite ends of a silicon fibre reacted to form III-V GaSb within the Group IV Si host, as confirmed by structural and chemical analysis and room temperature photoluminescence.
Developing a Method for Assessing Environmental Sustainability Based on the Google Earth Engine Platform
Authors: Xia Xianwang , Jiao Chentai , Song Shixiong , Zhang Ling , Feng Xingyun , Huang Qingxu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Environmental sustainability is the foundation and of great significance for the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as an example, we developed a method to effectively assess long-term regional environmental sustainability based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. We used the GEE to obtain 5206 Landsat remote sensing images in the region from 1983 to 2016 and developed the comprehensive environmental index (CEI) to assess regional environmental sustainability based on the theme-oriented framework proposed by the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. We found that the environmental sustainability of the urban agglomeration showed a trend of first rising, then falling, and then rising again in the past 30 years. The average CEI increased from 0.621 to 0.631 from 1985 to 1990, dropped to the lowest value of 0.618 in 2000, and then rose to the highest value of 0.672 in 2015. In particular, the extent of areas in which environmental sustainability improved (56% of the region) was greater than the extent of areas in which environmental deterioration occurred. The environmental sustainability of Hengshui, Xingtai and Cangzhou in the southeast of the region has been significantly improved. The method proposed in this study provides an automatic, rapid and extensible way to assess regional environmental sustainability and provides a scientific reference for improving the sustainability of the regional ecological environment.
Production of Bio-ethanol from Solid Waste Paper Using Biological Activation
Authors: Awol Zeynu Shamil , Abate Rezika Tofike 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Biomass energy is renewable energy source that comes from the material of plants and animals. Forms of biomass energy are bio-ethanol, bio methanol, and biodiesel. Bio-ethanol is one of the most important alternative energy sources that substitute the fossil fuels. The focus of this research is to produce bio-ethanol from waste office paper. Five laboratory experiments were conducted to produce bio-ethanol from wastepaper. The wastepaper was dried in oven and cut in to pieces. Then it passed through dilute acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation process respectively. High amount of ethanol was observed at 20 ml/g (liquid to solid ratio) and at the time of 2hr. Cost and economic analysis for ethanol production from wastepaper was performed. Results from the analysis indicated a paper to ethanol plant was feasible from the economic point of view with rate of return (RR) 38.61% and the payback period of 2.2 years.
Longitudinal Study of Individuals with Differences in Sex Development: A 15-20-year Follow-Up of Mental Health, Psychosocial Functioning and Quality of Life in a Cohort of Norwegian Patients.
Authors: Waehre Anne , Heggeli Charlotte , Myhre Anne Grethe , Hald Kirsten , Trond Diseth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Our main aim was to explore any associations in mental health, psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QoL) between childhood, adolescence, and adulthood in the same cohort of patients with a difference in sex development (DSD) born from four decades ago up until early 2000. The first part of the study took place in 2002-2004 in a mixed cohort of children and adolescents born with a DSD in 1982 to 2002, compared to a control group. This part involved semi structured interviews and self-reported and proxy reported questionnaires. The second part of the study is a longitudinal study of the same participants 15-20 years later (2018-2020). The participants in part 1 of the study consisted of 33 patients; 24 assigned females (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis and ovotesticular DSD) and nine assigned males; all with a hypospadias diagnosis. A key finding was more psychopathology in the adolescents with a DSD, and females with a 46, XX karyotype had more psychosocial problems compared to the 46, XY females. Two of the 16 patients in the follow-up had performed gender reassignment. Less than half of the female participants reported a heterosexual orientation. Another important finding was a correlation between psychosocial function in childhood with later adult QoL. As we do find a correlation with psychosocial problems in adolescence and later adult QoL, it is of great importance to respond to these behaviors in early life and to have a psychological aspect in the follow up.
Natural and Artificial Oxidation of Grape Seed Phenolics are Influenced by Extractability and Galloylation Pattern
Authors: VanderWeide Joshua , Zozzo Filippo Del , Nasrollahiazar Esmaeil , Kennedy James A. , Peterlunger Enrico , Rustioni Laura , Sabbatini Paolo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In cool-climate viticulture, the short growing season can influence grape seed maturation by reducing the apparent oxidation of flavan-3-ols and associated increase in seed browning. A reduction in seed maturation increases the potential extraction of flavan-3-ols into wine during maceration operations, heightening bitterness. Here, we carried out a 2x2 factorial experiment to test the ability of freezing and heating treatments to artificially “ripen” seeds (decrease flavan-3-ols, improve browning) of (Vitis vinifera L.) Pinot noir and Cabernet Sauvignon over a 24-hour incubation period. Only freezing significantly increased seed browning in both cultivars. Subsequent correlations with seed flavan-3-ols concentrations suggest that freezing enhanced the oxidation of these compounds. Interestingly, natural ripening and freezing reduced galloylated flavan-3-ols to a greater extent than non-galloylated ones. This study provides new information regarding the susceptibility of flavan-3-ols to freezing and heating, and also suggests that freezing can artificially ripen the seeds of under-ripe red vinifera grapes.
Latina Mothers Recommendations on a Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group Intervention for Perinatal Depression
Authors: Merced Kritzia , Parameswaran Uma D. , Dearden Susan , Pentecost Ryoko , Latendresse Gwen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Perinatal depression affects 5-15% of childbearing women. However, literature suggest that Latina women are twice as likely to experience symptoms of depression during pregnancy. Group telehealth-based interventions are a promising approach to increasing access and reducing barriers to mental health services. However, little is known about the experience that childbearing Latinas have with navigating this approach. This paper aimed to explore Latina mothers’ perspectives and recommendations in using a telehealth modality to deliver a mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MBCBT) group intervention.Methods: Fourteen pregnant or postpartum women participated in focus groups and individual interviews. Interview topics included perinatal depression, knowledge and content of interventions, and the feasibility and acceptability of the telehealth approach. Data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.Results: Three broad themes emerged; (1) accessibility to telehealth, (2) relational connection through technology, and (3) and technological issues affecting access (i.e., level of familiarity with portal, video quality, etc.). Enhancers promoting participation in the telehealth intervention included reduced scheduling concerns and no need for childcare. Barriers included mistrust of providers’ engagement, concerns about privacy, and potential for lack of relational connection through technology. Conclusion: Specific recommendations were provided to increase participation and effectiveness of telehealth groups among Latinas. Recommendations included conducting an initial assessment of women’s familiarity with and access to technology, having a tech-trained individual available to troubleshoot, as well as provider’s intentionality in conveying active listening and relational empathy (i.e., using eye contact during telehealth intervention, avoid limited distractions).Trial Registration: NCT03932760
Identification of Two Novel Alternative Splicing-related Genes in the Cervical Cancer Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Sun Dan , Zhi Zhifu , Zhang Aiqian , Gao Bingsi , Zou Lingxiao , Huang Huan , Zhao Xingping , Xu Dabao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. The tumor immunotherapy showed the remarkable effect. Associated alternative splicing (AS)-event signatures provide potential therapeutic targets and improved strategies for new drug development in CC management.Methods: Clinical information and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Hub genes were extracted from the 7 AS-related genes for correlation analysis with clinical parameters and tumor-immune microenvironment. The relationship between the risk score and the 6 most important checkpoint genes was investigated. Finally, we estimated the Stroma and Immune cells using the Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm.Results: It was revealed that T cells CD8, T cells regulatory (Tregs), T cells CD4 memory activated, neutrophils, mast cells resting, mast cells activated, and macrophages M0 had a significant difference between the low- and high risk-score groups. The genes SHF and FOXRED2 were extracted as hub genes. High expression of SHF (P < 0.002) and low expression of FOXRED2 (P < 0.001) were associated with poor prognosis..Immune checkpoint genes IDO1, PDCD1, and HAVCR2, were negatively correlated with risk-score.Conclusions: We used bioinformatics to assess the heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in CESC and discovered out 2 hub genes, SHF and FOXRED2, from the AS prognostic model. The immune checkpoint genes IDO1, PDCD1, and HAVCR2, showed negative correlations with risk-score. The outcomes were significant for studying tumor progression's immune-related mechanisms and exploring novel prognostic predictors and precise therapy methods.
The Key Role of Mendeleev's Forces In Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Neruchev Yuriy Anatolievich , Korotkovskii Vadim Igorevich , Bolotnikov Michail Feliksovich 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, it is shown that a physically correct description of the thermophysical properties of liquid hydrocarbons is possible only when non-covalent long-range bond forces are taken into account
Pulmonary Embolism And Bradycardia in a NSCLC Patient Treated With Crizotinib For a Rare Mutation: A Case Report
Authors: Shi Yunjing , Qiu Zeping , Ding Yongjie , Chen Yanjia , Zhang Andi , Jin Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lung cancer is a major global health problem because of its high incidence and mortality. Targeted therapies have transformed treatment of driver-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, recent studies demonstrated that cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the second leading cause of mortality in cancer survivors now, management of patients’ cardiovascular health during the course of anticancer therapy has become a great challenge faced by the oncologists. Anticancer related CV complications are not limited to traditional chemotherapy, but are also increasingly recognized in targeted therapy. We present a case of pulmonary embolism and bradycardia in a 91-year-old NSCLC patient treated with crizotinib for a rare MET Y1003S mutation. To our knowledge, this is the second report to show antitumor response of crizotinib in lung cancer patients with such a rare mutation. However, the patient complained chest tightness and shortness of breath after a month of standard dose crizotinib therapy. Non-invasive examination revealed new onset bradycardia and pulmonary embolism (PE). Such clinical manifestations were associated with targeted therapy-related cardiovascular（CV）toxicity, on which the emerging discipline cardio-oncology focused, and a multidisciplinary investigation and treatment was conducted. The case highlights the CV adverse events of novel therapies and the current challenges to be tackled in cardio-oncology.
A Re-Analysis of EU’s COVID-19 Vaccine Procurement Strategy in View of the An-Ticipated Cost-effectiveness of Vaccination
Authors: Gandjour Afschin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim

The EU has received criticism for being slow to secure COVID-19 vaccine contracts in 2020 before the approval of the first COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively analyze the EU’s COVID-19 vaccine procurement strategy. To this end, the study retrospectively determines the minimum vaccine efficacy that made vaccination cost-effective from a societal perspective in Germany before the clinical trial announcements in late 2020. The result is compared against the expected vaccine efficacy before the announcements.
Methods

Two strategies were analyzed: vaccination followed by complete lifting of mitigation measures and a long-term mitigation strategy. A decision model was constructed using, e.g., information on age-specific fatality rates, intensive care unit costs and outcomes, and herd protection threshold. The base-case time horizon was 5 years. Cost-effectiveness of vaccination was determined in terms of costs per life year gained. The value of an additional life year was borrowed from new, innovative oncological drugs, as cancer reflects a condition with a similar morbidity and mortality burden in the general population in the short term as COVID-19.
Results

A vaccine with 50% efficacy against death due to COVID-19 was not clearly cost-effective compared to a long-term mitigation strategy if mitigation measures were planned to be lifted after vaccine rollout. The minimum vaccine efficacy to achieve cost-effectiveness was 40% in the base case. The sensitivity analysis shows considerable variation around the minimum vaccine efficacy, extending above 50% for some of the input variables.
Conclusions

This study shows that vaccine efficacy levels expected before clinical trial announcements did not clearly justify lifting mitigation measures from a cost-effectiveness standpoint. Hence, the sluggish EU’s procurement strategy still appeared to be rational at the time of decision making.
Impact of Multiple Factors on the Incidence of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Pulik Łukasz , Romaniuk Krzysztof , Sibilska Aleksandra , Jedynak Andrzej , Tołowiński Ignacy , Kumięga Paulina , Wojtyński Paweł , Łęgosz Paweł 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions in children. Not treated DDH leads to disability, gait abnormalities, limb shortening and chronic pain. Our study aims to determine the impact of multiple risk factors on the occurrence of DDH and develop an interactive risk assessment tool.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the Outpatient Clinic for Children of University Hospital. The Graf classification system was used for ultrasonographic universal screening. In total, 4881 infants met the eligibility criteria (n = 9762 hip joints). Hypothesis testing was performed with χ² test and logistic regression.Results: The incidence of DDH was 4.57%. We have proven risk factors of DDH: female gender (OR=7.11), breech position (OR=3.65), Caesarean section (OR=1.43), positive family history in parent (OR=1.92) or sibling (OR=3.84). Preterm delivery decreased the risk (OR=0.17). Logistic regression was used to construct the interactive risk calculator.Conclusion: The DDH risk calculator was built but needs external validation in prospective study before being used in a clinical setting. We confirmed well-known DDH risk factors in the studied population. Our results support the recent hypothesis that preterm infants (37 < week) have lower rate of DDH.Level of Evidence:Retrospective cohort study: Level III