bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphic representation ability in learning chemistry through multipresentation-based chemistry modules
Authors: Ulva Y I , Mahardika I K , Nuriman  
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnowledge of appropriate science learning techniques can be found through analysis of multi representation abilities which include verbal, image, mathematical and graphic representation. Chemistry as part of science contains concept that can be presented through various representations (multi representation), one of them is a graphical representation. The ability of students to read and interpret graphics will provide additional knowledge for students in learning chemistry. This study aimed to explain students’ ability to read and interpret graphs in chemistry learning on the reaction rate subject. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The data used in this study came from various sources such as journals, books, proceedings, internet and observations. The result showed that using chemistry module based multi representation in learning chemistry could improve the understanding of chemical concepts and students’ ability to read and interpret graphs.
The analysis of the development of the 5E-STEAM learning model to improve critical thinking skills in natural science lesson
Authors: Anggraeni R E , Suratno  
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article aims to develop 5E-STEAM learning model that is used to increase the critical thinking skill in science learning. Critical thinking is the ability to think logically, to apply these rational thoughts in order to evaluate problems, and to make good judgments and decisions. 5E-STEAM is a learning model that combines the 5E Learning cycle with the STEAM approach. This research used 4D development model that consist of four stage i.e define, design, develop and dissemination. Results of the need assessment given to 10 teachers showed that only 10% of teachers applied STEAM in the class, while others use PBL, Discovery learning, and inquiry learning. As many as 70% of teachers do not know about 5E Learning Cycle, and as many as 30% only know but they have not implemented yet in learning. In addition, as many as 70% of teachers know only the acronyms of STEAM, but do not understand how to apply STEAM in learning. Moreover, the other 30% don’t know about the STEAM approach. The 5E-STEAM syntaxs are Engagement; stages provide real world problem. The second is Exploration; the stages of problem solving. The third is Explanation; students explain ideas or concepts about solutions to problems. The fourth is Elaboration; stresses collaborative teamwork. The fifth is Evaluation; teacher provides feedback and tests student’s knowledge.
Analysis of problem solving skills in work and energy material using the RASCH model
Authors: Wati M , Mahtari S , Azmi A N , Salam A , Mastuang M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze students’ problem solving skills in work and energy material using the RACH model. The method in this study was a descriptive method using survey techniques. The instrument used is a problem solving test. Tests were given to 253 students from eighth grade in junior high schools in Banjarmasin randomly selected. The RASCH model was used as a processing stage of data from raw data into logit numbers that provided information related to infit, outfit and unidimensionality using a winstep program to achieve this goal. This study investigated the quality of person measure, person reliability, and variable map. The results of the analysis are based on the RASCH model with the Mean Square Statistics (MNSQ) value is 0.95, Z Standard (ZSTD) is 0.0, pearson reliability is 0.77, and cronbach alpha (KR-20) person raw score test reliability is 0.86. Lower logits manifests students with lower ability. This proved that the students’ problem solving skills was absolutely poor. Students’ problem solving skills need to be improved through classroom learning in future research.
Student’s learning outcomes through the application of guided inquiry learning model based on scientific approach in fundamental chemical laws
Authors: Said I , Hamzah B , Kade A , Ratman R , Ningsih P 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe discovery learning model is a learning model which can be implemented in the Curriculum 2013 in Indonesia. However, the student’s learning outcomes of chemistry subject at SMAN 7 Palu using this learning model are not satisfactory because the students’ scores have not passed the passing grade. Therefore, it is needed other learning model that has the characteristics of the scientific approach to be implemented. The purpose of this study is to see whether the application of the guided inquiry learning model based on the scientific approach in Fundamental Chemical Law topic can provide better learning outcomes for students in class X of SMA Negeri 7 Palu compared to the discovery learning model. The research method was a quasi-experimental study by conducting the experimental group and control groups. The results obtained by this study, to be precise the learning achievement data reached 92,1% to 96,05% in the experimental class 1 and 91.35% - 94.75% in the experimental class 2. While student’s learning outcomes obtained an average of 56,48 and 46,25 with a standard deviation of 11,07 and 11,98. These values prove that the guided inquiry learning model to provide better learning outcomes compared to discovery learning. Furthermore, based on the two samples t-test results obtained, it was found that - ttable<tcount> + ttable(-1.68 <2.99> +1.68) with a significant level (α = 0.05) and degrees of freedom 41. Consequently, it can be inferred that the implementation of the guided inquiry learning model based on the scientific approach in the Fundamental Chemistry Law topic can provide better learning outcomes for class X students of SMA Negeri 7 Palu.
Investigation on a novel SiC Schottky barrier diode hydrogen sensor with trench-insulator structure
Authors: Qi Yonglan , Lai Kaiyuan , Lv Haojie , Qi Bao , Zhao Yuheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD) hydrogen gas sensor with trench-insulator structure was proposed in this paper. A physical model is built for this hydrogen sensor based on 4H-SiC SBD thermionic emission theory, tunneling effect of carriers, adsorption/desorption principle of hydrogen and modulation effects of Schottky barrier height. Use Silvaco TCAD, the semiconductor simulation software, to analyze SBDs with trench-insulator layer and to compute current-voltage characteristics at different temperature, hydrogen concentration and trench width under forward bias. The temperature and hydrogen concentration affect the I–V characteristics of the devices by changing the Schottky barrier height. Compared with normal metal-silicon carbide and metal-insulator-silicon carbide devices at 573 K in terms of on-off voltage, current resolution, response speed, and stability, the trench-insulator hydrogen sensor showed good performance. Relationship between device characteristics and trench width was researched using the above model. Trench width has an opposite effect on sensor resolution and sensitivity.
Comparison between fluctuation of floating potential gradient and velocity of blob structure on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: WANG Chenyu , NIE Lin , TANG Guixin , XU Min , KE Rui , CHEN Yihang , WANG Huajie , WANG Zhanhui , HU Shilin , WU Ting , LONG Ting , ZHU Yuxuan , LIU Hao , GONG Shaobo , YUAN Jinbang , YAN Longwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Several results based on the Langmuir probes’ data on the HL-2A tokamak are presented. The blob structures’ radial and poloidal drift velocities, estimated by the gradient of floating potential and by time delay evaluation, are compared in different line-averaged density and electron cyclotron resonance heating conditions. A positive correlation is observed in the comparison between blobs’ radial velocity estimated by the two methods mentioned above, regardless of the situation differences mentioned above. Correlation is also observed in the comparison between the blobs’ poloidal velocity estimated by the two methods in different situations, while a shift due to the different line-averaged density is observed. These results imply that the radial gradient of floating potential may have some value as a reference during data analysis in low-parameter discharge.
Static dielectric permittivity of ionic liquids ultraconfined in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ben Cheick Mansour Nadia , Ouiten Mohammed-Lamine , Soldera Armand , Szymczyk Anthony , Ghoufi Aziz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work the parallel component of the static dielectric permittivity,

ϵ

II

of ionic liquids ultraconfined into flexible carbon nanotubes of radius of 1.2 nm and 2.4 nm is evaluated from molecular dynamics simulations. We show an enhancement of

ϵ

II

with respect to bulk value and a counter-intuitive temperature dependence. Indeed an increase of

ϵ

II

as a function of the temperature opposed to a bulk behavior is evidenced. Increase in

ϵ

II

is the result of the strong orientation of ionic liquid close to the pore wall. The temperature dependence is the consequence of the thermal fluctuations increasing the dipolar fluctuations such that the strong orientation is conserved. Eventually, we show a molecular stacking between [C4mim+][Tf2N−] and CNT decreasing dipolar fluctuations close to the CNT surface reducing

ϵ

II

.
Enhanced solar photocatalysis of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanostructured thin films grown on paper
Authors: Freire T , Fragoso A R , Matias M , Pinto J V , Marques A C , Pimentel A , Barquinha P , Huertas R , Fortunato E , Martins R , Nunes D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and nanostructured thin films were simultaneously synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The synthesis formed very fine particles, appearing as nanospheres in the 11 nm size range. As for the nanostructured films, they have displayed similar structural characteristics to the nanoparticles, with thickness of 130 nm. These films covered uniformly and homogenously the Whatman paper, while maintaining its flexibility. The materials processed had their photocatalytic activity assessed from rhodamine B degradation under solar radiation (91% degradation after 40 min for the powder material and 68% after 6 h for the nanostructured thin films). Reusability experiments were also carried out, revealing superior performance concerning the Degussa P25, the most common photocatalyst used. The results of the present work can be thought as an option for the existing photocatalysts activated under solar light, namely for water purification, as it simultaneously produces enhanced photocatalytic powders and photocatalytic papers fully disposable and that can be easily recycled.
Beta-Conversion and the Being Constraint
Authors: Rayo Agustín 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModal contingentists face a dilemma: there are two attractive principles of which they can only accept one. In this paper I show that the most natural way of resolving the dilemma leads to expressive limitations. I then develop an alternative resolution. In addition to overcoming the expressive limitations, the alternative picture allows for an attractive account of arithmetic and for a style of semantic theorizing that can be helpful to contingentists.
Which Resources Are Better: Sales or Scholarly? An Assessment on the Readability, Quality, and Technical Features of Online Chemical Peel Websites
Authors: Varghese Jeffrey Alex , Patel Anooj A , Joshi Chitang , Alleyne Brendan , Galiano Robert D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Chemical peels are an exceedingly popular cosmetic treatment with a wide variety of suppliers, each with its own online health resource describing the procedure. With increasing reliance on the internet for medical information, it is crucial that these resources provide reliable information for patients to make informed decisions.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine popular chemical peel resources and determine if those that offered chemical peel treatments (Sales) had lower readability, quality of information, and technical features compared with those that did not (Scholarly).

Methods
The term “chemical peel” was searched in July 2020 and the top 50 websites were retrieved for analysis. Each resource’s readability, quality, and technical features were measured through 8 readability formulas, the DISCERN and Health on the Net Code (HONcode), and 2 website performance monitors.

Results
The 50 websites were analyzed with an average Fry readability score of 13th grade. Scholarly websites displayed higher readability than Sales (Flesch Reading Ease 54.4 &gt; 47.4, P = 0.047 and Coleman-Liau Index 10.6 &lt; 11.7, P = 0.04). Scholarly resources surpassed Sales both in quality (DISCERN 56.4 &gt; 39.7, P &lt; 0.001 and HONcode 11.8 &gt; 9.5, P = 0.032) and technical features (WooRank 76.9 &gt; 68.6, P = 0.0082).

Conclusions
The average readability of chemical peel resources is too difficult, and their quality must be improved. Scholarly resources exhibited higher readability, quality, and technical features than Sales websites.
Characterization of a cryptic, pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent dehydrogenase of Gluconobacter sp. strain CHM43
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Minh , Naoki Kotone , Kataoka Naoya , Matsutani Minenosuke , Ano Yoshitaka , Adachi Osao , Matsushita Kazunobu , Yakushi Toshiharu 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We characterized the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent dehydrogenase 9 (PQQ-DH9) of Gluconobacter sp. strain CHM43, which is a homolog of PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase (GLDH). We used a plasmid construct to express PQQ-DH9. The expression host was a derivative strain of CHM43, which lacked the genes for GLDH and the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase and consequently had minimal ability to oxidize primary and secondary alcohols. The membranes of the transformant exhibited considerable d-arabitol dehydrogenase activity, whereas the reference strain did not, even if it had PQQ-DH9-encoding genes in the chromosome and harbored the empty vector. This suggests that PQQ-DH9 is not expressed in the genome. The activities of the membranes containing PQQ-DH9 and GLDH suggested that similar to GLDH, PQQ-DH9 oxidized a wide variety of secondary alcohols but had higher Michaelis constants than GLDH with regard to linear substrates such as glycerol. Cyclic substrates such as cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol were readily oxidized by PQQ-DH9.
Novel approach for parallelizing pairwise comparison problems as applied to detecting segments identical by decent in whole-genome data
Authors: Sapin Emmanuel , Keller Matthew C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Pairwise comparison problems arise in many areas of science. In genomics, datasets are already large and getting larger, and so operations that require pairwise comparisons—either on pairs of SNPs or pairs of individuals—are extremely computationally challenging. We propose a generic algorithm for addressing pairwise comparison problems that breaks a large problem (of order n2 comparisons) into multiple smaller ones (each of order n comparisons), allowing for massive parallelization.

Results
We demonstrated that this approach is very efficient for calling identical by descent (IBD) segments between all pairs of individuals in the UK Biobank dataset, with a 250-fold savings in time and 750-fold savings in memory over the standard approach to detecting such segments across the full dataset. This efficiency should extend to other methods of IBD calling and, more generally, to other pairwise comparison tasks in genomics or other areas of science.

Availability and Implementation
A GitHub page is available at https://github.com/emmanuelsapin with the code to generate data needed for the implementation
Knowledge enhanced LSTM for coreference resolution on biomedical texts
Authors: Li Yufei , Ma Xiaoyong , Zhou Xiangyu , Cheng Pengzhen , He Kai , Li Chen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Bio-entity Coreference Resolution focuses on identifying the coreferential links in biomedical texts, which is crucial to complete bio-events’ attributes and interconnect events into bio-networks. Previously, as one of the most powerful tools, deep neural network-based general domain systems are applied to the biomedical domain with domain-specific information integration. However, such methods may raise much noise due to its insufficiency of combining context and complex domain-specific information.

Results
In this article, we explore how to leverage the external knowledge base in a fine-grained way to better resolve coreference by introducing a knowledge-enhanced Long Short Term Memory network (LSTM), which is more flexible to encode the knowledge information inside the LSTM. Moreover, we further propose a knowledge attention module to extract informative knowledge effectively based on contexts. The experimental results on the BioNLP and CRAFT datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance, with a gain of 7.5 F1 on BioNLP and 10.6 F1 on CRAFT. Additional experiments also demonstrate superior performance on the cross-sentence coreferences.

Availability and implementation
The source code will be made available at https://github.com/zxy951005/KB-CR upon publication. Data is avaliable at http://2011.bionlp-st.org/ and https://github.com/UCDenver-ccp/CRAFT/releases/tag/v3.1.3.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Species diversification and ecomorphological evolution in the radiation of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae)
Authors: Vinciguerra Nicholas T , Burns Kevin J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEcological opportunity is hypothesized to cause an early burst of species diversification and trait evolution followed by a slowdown in diversification rates as niches are filled. Nonetheless, few studies have tested these predictions empirically with ecomorphological data at the large spatial scales relevant to most of biodiversity. Tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest family of songbirds, show an early burst of species diversification and provide an excellent opportunity to test one of the hallmarks of adaptive radiation: rapid ecomorphological evolution. Here, we test for an early-burst pattern of a resource-exploiting trait (bill morphology) across the radiation of tanagers using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny and high-resolution three-dimensional surface scans of bill structure from museum study skins. Using recently developed methods of multivariate trait evolution, we find evidence for a rapid burst of bill shape evolution early in the radiation of tanagers, followed by a subsequent decrease in rates toward the present. Likewise, we show that morphological disparity is distributed among (rather than within) subclades, indicating that most of the observed bill shape disparity evolved early in the radiation of tanagers and has slowed through time. The diversification dynamics of tanagers match patterns expected from adaptive radiation and the filling of ecomorphospace.
Revision of the muscular anatomy of the paired fins of the living coelacanthLatimeria chalumnae(Sarcopterygii: Actinistia)
Authors: Huby Alessia , Mansuit Rohan , Herbin Marc , Herrel Anthony 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a sarcopterygian fish, the extant coelacanth Latimeria has muscular paired fins, different in their skeletal and muscular anatomy from the paired fins of actinopterygians. Although the muscular anatomy of the pectoral and pelvic fins of Latimeria has been described by several studies, a detailed functional description of the muscles and their architecture has never been performed. Our detailed functional description of the muscles of the paired fins shows a more complex organization than previously described. The pectoral and pelvic fins have a different organization of their muscular anatomy, and the pelvic fin shows a more plesiomorphic configuration of the muscles since most of them are poly-articular and run from the pelvic girdle to the fin rays, an organization typical of actinopterygians. We found that the pectoral fins are stronger than the pelvic fins which is likely to be associated with the greater contribution of the pectoral fins to locomotion and manoeuvring. Finally, the study of the joint mobility of the paired fins showed that the pectoral fins show greater mobility than the pelvic fins. The reduced mobility of the pelvic fin is possibly a consequence of the morphology of the mesomeres and the large pre-axial radials.
Time-lapse imaging of human embryos fertilized with testicular sperm reveals an impact on the first embryonic cell cycle
Authors: van Marion E S , Speksnijder J P , Hoek J , Boellaard W P A , Dinkelman-Smit M , Chavli E A , Steegers-Theunissen R P M , Laven J S E , Baart E B 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTesticular sperm is increasingly used during in vitro fertilization treatment. Testicular sperm has the ability to fertilize the oocyte after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), but they have not undergone maturation during epididymal transport. Testicular sperm differs from ejaculated sperm in terms of chromatin maturity, incidence of DNA damage, and RNA content. It is not fully understood what the biological impact is of using testicular sperm, on fertilization, preimplantation embryo development, and postimplantation development. Our goal was to investigate differences in human preimplantation embryo development after ICSI using testicular sperm (TESE-ICSI) and ejaculated sperm. We used time-lapse embryo culture to study these possible differences. Embryos (n = 639) originating from 208 couples undergoing TESE-ICSI treatment were studied and compared to embryos (n = 866) originating from 243 couples undergoing ICSI treatment with ejaculated sperm. Using statistical analysis with linear mixed models, we observed that pronuclei appeared 0.55 h earlier in TESE-ICSI embryos, after which the pronuclear stage lasted 0.55 h longer. Also, significantly more TESE-ICSI embryos showed direct unequal cleavage from the 1-cell stage to the 3-cell stage. TESE-ICSI embryos proceeded faster through the cleavage divisions to the 5- and the 6-cell stage, but this effect disappeared when we adjusted our model for maternal factors. In conclusion, sperm origin affects embryo development during the first embryonic cell cycle, but not developmental kinetics to the 8-cell stage. Our results provide insight into the biological differences between testicular and ejaculated sperm and their impact during human fertilization.
Attracting Diverse Students to Field Experiences Requires Adequate Pay, Flexibility, and Inclusion
Authors: Jensen Alex J , Bombaci Sara P , Gigliotti Laura C , Harris Stephen N , Marneweck Courtney J , Muthersbaugh Mike S , Newman Blaise A , Rodriguez Shari L , Saldo Elizabeth A , Shute Kyle E , Titus Keifer L , Williams Amanda L , Yu Sze Wing , Jachowski David S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Access to field experiences can increase participation of diverse groups in the environmental and natural resources (ENR) workforce. Despite a growing interest among the ENR community to attract and retain diverse students, minimal data exist on what factors undergraduate students prioritize when applying for field experiences. Using a nationwide survey of US undergraduate ENR students, we show that attracting most students to field experiences—especially racial or ethnic minority students—will require pay above minimum wage. However, the concurrent landscape of pay in ENR fell short of meeting many students’ pay needs. Aside from pay, ENR students valued training in technical field skills and analytical or research skills, working with their desired study species or taxa, and working near school or family. Additional barriers beyond limited pay included incompatible schedules and noninclusive work environments. Our findings provide important insights for attracting a diverse workforce to this critical stage in career advancement for students in ENR.