bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroweak-like baryogenesis with new chiral matter
Authors: Fujikura Kohei , Harigaya Keisuke , Nakai Yuichiro , Wang Ruoquan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We propose a framework where a phase transition associated with a gauge symmetry breaking that occurs (not far) above the electroweak scale sets a stage for baryogenesis similar to the electroweak baryogenesis in the Standard Model. A concrete realization utilizes the breaking of SU(2)R× U(1)X→ U(1)Y. New chiral fermions charged under the extended gauge symmetry have nonzero lepton numbers, which makes the B − L symmetry anomalous. The new lepton sector contains a large flavor-dependent CP violation, similar to the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa phase, without inducing sizable electric dipole moments of the Standard Model particles. A bubble wall dynamics associated with the first-order phase transition and SU(2)R sphaleron processes generate a lepton asymmetry, which is transferred into a baryon asymmetry via the ordinary electroweak sphaleron process. Unlike the Standard Model electroweak baryogenesis, the new phase transition can be of the strong first order and the new CP violation is not significantly suppressed by Yukawa couplings, so that the observed asymmetry can be produced. The model can be probed by collider searches for new particles and the observation of gravitational waves. One of the new leptons becomes a dark matter candidate. The model can be also embedded into a left-right symmetric theory to solve the strong CP problem.
Global electroweak symmetric vacuum
Authors: Bai Yang , Lee Seung J. , Son Minho , Ye Fang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although the Higgs potential in the Standard Model (SM) contains only a simple electroweak symmetry breaking vacuum in the small field region, additional metastable or global vacua could exist in models beyond the SM. In this paper, we study one intriguing scenario with an additional electroweak symmetric vacuum that could be the global one. For the thermal universe ending at the current metastable vacuum, the electroweak symmetry should stay non-restored at high temperatures. We realize the scenario in a model with Higgs-portal couplings to SM singlet scalars with approximately global O(N) symmetries with a large N. For a large portion of model parameter space, both the quantum and thermal tunneling rates are suppressed such that our current metastable vacuum is long-lived enough. Our scenario predicts order-one changes for the Higgs self-couplings and a large contribution to the signal of the off-shell Higgs invisible decay. It can be partly probed at the LHC Run 3 and well tested at the high luminosity LHC. We also discuss the subcritical (anti-de Sitter) bubbles from the thermal tunneling that could have a large population and interesting cosmological implications.
Leading singularities in Baikov representation and Feynman integrals with uniform transcendental weight
Authors: Dlapa Christoph , Li Xiaodi , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe provide a leading singularity analysis protocol in Baikov representation, for the searching of Feynman integrals with uniform transcendental (UT) weight. This approach is powered by the recent developments in rationalizing square roots and syzygy computations, and is particularly suitable for finding UT integrals with multiple mass scales. We demonstrate the power of our approach by determining the UT basis for a two-loop diagram with three external mass scales.
Toward massless and massive event shapes in the large-β0 limit
Authors: Gracia N. G. , Mateu V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present results for SCET and bHQET matching coefficients and jet functions in the large-β0 limit. Our computations exactly predict all terms of the form $$ {\alpha}_s^{n+1}{n}_f^n $$

α
s

n
+
1

n
f
n

for any n ≥ 0, and we find full agreement with the coefficients computed in the full theory up to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^4\right) $$
O

α
s
4

. We obtain all-order closed expressions for the cusp and non-cusp anomalous dimensions (which turn out to be unambiguous) as well as matrix elements (with ambiguities) in this limit, which can be easily expanded to arbitrarily high powers of αs using recursive algorithms to obtain the corresponding fixed-order coefficients. Examining the poles laying on the positive real axis of the Borel-transform variable u we quantify the perturbative convergence of a series and estimate the size of non-perturbative corrections. We find a so far unknown u = 1/2 renormalon in the bHQET hard factor Hm that affects the normalization of the peak differential cross section for boosted top quark pair production. For ambiguous series the so-called Borel sum is defined with the principal value prescription. Furthermore, one can assign an ambiguity based on the arbitrariness of avoiding the poles by contour deformation into the positive or negative imaginary half-plane. Finally, we compute the relation between the pole mass and four low-scale short distance masses in the large-β0 approximation (MSR, RS and two versions of the jet mass), work out their μ- and R-evolution in this limit, and study how their implementation improves the convergence of the position-space bHQET jet function, whose three-loop coefficient in full QCD is numerically estimated.
Seiberg-like dualities for orthogonal and symplectic 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 gauge theories with boundaries
Authors: Okazaki Tadashi , Smith Douglas J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We propose dualities of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetric boundary conditions for 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theories with orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups. We show that the boundary ’t Hooft anomalies and half-indices perfectly match for each pair of the proposed dual boundary conditions.
Approximate Tensorization of the Relative Entropy for Noncommuting Conditional Expectations
Authors: Bardet Ivan , Capel Ángela , Rouzé Cambyse 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a new generalisation of the strong subadditivity of the entropy to the setting of general conditional expectations onto arbitrary finite-dimensional von Neumann algebras. This generalisation, referred to as approximate tensorization of the relative entropy, consists in a lower bound for the sum of relative entropies between a given density and its respective projections onto two intersecting von Neumann algebras in terms of the relative entropy between the same density and its projection onto an algebra in the intersection, up to multiplicative and additive constants. In particular, our inequality reduces to the so-called quasi-factorization of the entropy for commuting algebras, which is a key step in modern proofs of the logarithmic Sobolev inequality for classical lattice spin systems. We also provide estimates on the constants in terms of conditions of clustering of correlations in the setting of quantum lattice spin systems. Along the way, we show the equivalence between conditional expectations arising from Petz recovery maps and those of general Davies semigroups.
Moment Functions on Groups
Authors: Fechner Żywilla , Gselmann Eszter , Székelyhidi László 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper generalized moment functions are considered. They are closely related to the well-known functions of binomial type which have been investigated on various abstract structures. The main purpose of this work is to prove characterization theorems for generalized moment functions on commutative groups. At the beginning a multivariate characterization of moment functions defined on a commutative group is given. Next the notion of generalized moment functions of higher rank is introduced and some basic properties on groups are listed. The characterization of exponential polynomials by means of complete (exponential) Bell polynomials is given. The main result is the description of generalized moment functions of higher rank defined on a commutative group as the product of an exponential and composition of multivariate Bell polynomial and an additive function. Furthermore, corollaries for generalized moment function of rank one are also stated. At the end of the paper some possible directions of further research are discussed.
Exploring potential applications of optical lattice clocks in a plate subduction zone
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Katori Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptical clocks improved the accuracy of state-of-the-art cesium clocks by more than two orders of magnitude and enabled frequency comparison with a fractional uncertainty of one part in 1018. Gravitational redshift of two such clocks allows determining their height difference with an uncertainty of 1 cm. In Europe, chronometric leveling has been extensively conducted for unifying the height reference systems. Temporal response of the leveling, which affords monitoring a cm height variation within hours of averaging time, may offer new opportunities to explore seismology and volcanology. Superb stability of optical lattice clocks will be best used for such applications. This article outlines the prospects of chronometric leveling in Japan. Combining optical lattice clocks with an existing observation network of GNSS, crustal deformations may be monitored with unprecedented accuracy in the future.
The Set of Separable States has no Finite Semidefinite Representation Except in Dimension $$3\times 2$$
Authors: Fawzi Hamza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiven integers$$n \ge m$$n≥m, let$$\text {Sep}(n,m)$$Sep(n,m)be the set of separable states on the Hilbert space$$\mathbb {C}^n \otimes \mathbb {C}^m$$Cn⊗Cm. It is well-known that for$$(n,m)=(3,2)$$(n,m)=(3,2)the set of separable states has a simple description using semidefinite programming: it is given by the set of states that have a positive partial transpose. In this paper we show that for larger values ofnandmthe set$$\text {Sep}(n,m)$$Sep(n,m)has no semidefinite programming description of finite size. As$$\text {Sep}(n,m)$$Sep(n,m)is a semialgebraic set this provides a new counterexample to the Helton–Nie conjecture, which was recently disproved by Scheiderer in a breakthrough result. Compared to Scheiderer’s approach, our proof is elementary and relies only on basic results about semialgebraic sets and functions.
Selecting the Next Generation of Surgeons: General Surgery Program Directors and Coordinators Perspective on USMLE Changes and Holistic Approach
Authors: Aziz Hassan , Khan Sara , Rocque Brittany , Javed Muhammad Usman , Sullivan Maura E. , Cooper Jeffrey T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) was designed as a universal assessment tool for states to determine physician's medical licensure's candidacy. Recent changes in the USMLE exam have changed the way future surgical residency candidate applications will be reviewed. The survey aimed to assess the effect of changes in USMLE exams—USMLE Step 1 pass/fail, complete dissolution of USMLE clinical skills exam, and the role of holistic review in future surgical residency candidacy selection.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was created and distributed to general surgery program directors and coordinators across the USA. The survey aimed to assess attitudes toward changes to USMLE exams and the potential changes with a holistic review of candidate applications.ResultsThe response rate was 63.7%. Most program directors and coordinators disagree with changing USMLE Step 1 to a pass/fail scoring system. The majority felt that contacts, the medical school's name, and performance in clinical electives and sub‐internships would hold more significance. They also believe that a holistic review of application will decrease socioeconomic discrepancies and promote a more diverse and inclusive resident cohort.ConclusionStep 2 clinical knowledge (CK) will gain more importance in future residency matches because of the change in the scoring system of Step 1. The medical school's name, personal contacts, and clinical performance in rotations will hold more significance.
Preoperative Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio may Predict Postoperative Pneumonia in Stage I–III Gastric Cancer Patients After Curative Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mori Mikito , Shuto Kiyohiko , Hirano Atsushi , Narushima Kazuo , Kosugi Chihiro , Yamazaki Masato , Koda Keiji , Yoshida Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated that diverse systemic inflammatory‐based prognostic parameters predict a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. However, few studies have focused on the relationships between postoperative complications and systemic inflammatory‐based prognostic parameters after curative gastrectomy. We investigated the relationships between postoperative complications and these parameters and assessed the clinical utility of the parameters as predictors of postoperative complications in patients with stage I–III gastric cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 300 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for stage I–III gastric cancer. All postoperative complications were classified as infectious or noninfectious. We evaluated the relationships between postoperative complications and clinical factors, including systemic inflammatory‐based prognostic parameters.ResultsIn total, 101 patients (33.7%) had postoperative Clavien–Dindo grade II–IV complications, and 54 (18.0%) patients developed infectious complications including pancreatic fistula, pneumonia, anastomotic leak, intra‐abdominal abscess, and cholecystitis. The relationships between postoperative complications and systemic inflammatory‐based prognostic parameters were evaluated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves. Postoperative pneumonia was identified as the most sensitive complication to the systemic inflammatory‐based prognostic parameters. Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (odds ratio, 14.621; 95% confidence interval, 1.160–184.348; p = 0.038) was an independent predictor of pneumonia.ConclusionsPreoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio may be a useful predictor of postoperative pneumonia in patients with stage I–III gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy.
Clinical and prognostic significance of emergency MRI findings in neck infections
Authors: Heikkinen Jaakko , Nurminen Janne , Velhonoja Jarno , Irjala Heikki , Happonen Tatu , Soukka Tero , Mattila Kimmo , Hirvonen Jussi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Due to its superior soft-tissue contrast and ability to delineate abscesses, MRI has high diagnostic accuracy in neck infections. Whether MRI findings can predict the clinical course in these patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and prognostic significance of various MRI findings in emergency patients with acute neck infections.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed the 3-T MRI findings of 371 patients with acute neck infections from a 5-year period in a single tertiary emergency radiology department. We correlated various MRI findings, including retropharyngeal (RPE) and mediastinal edema (ME) and abscess diameter, to clinical findings and outcomes, such as the need for intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Results
A total of 201 out of 371 patients (54%) with neck infections showed evidence of RPE, and 81 out of 314 patients (26%) had ME. Both RPE (OR = 9.5, p < 0.001) and ME (OR = 5.3, p < 0.001) were more prevalent among the patients who required ICU treatment than among those who did not. In a multivariate analysis, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, RPE, and maximal abscess diameter were independent predictors of the need for ICU treatment, and CRP, ME, and maximal abscess diameter were independent predictors of LOS.

Conclusion
In patients with an acute neck infection that requires emergency imaging, RPE, ME, and abscess diameter, as shown by MRI, are significant predictors of a more severe illness.

Key Points
• Two hundred one out of 371 patients (54%) with neck infection showed evidence of retropharyngeal edema (RPE), and 81 out of 314 patients (26%) had mediastinal edema (ME).
• Maximal abscess diameter, RPE, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were independent predictors of the need for intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, and maximal abscess diameter, ME, and CRP were independent predictors of length of hospital stay.
• Prognostic significance of MRI findings was evident also while controlling for CRP values.
On the Importance of High-Resolution in Large-Scale Ocean Models
Authors: Chassignet Eric P. , Xu Xiaobiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEddying global ocean models are now routinely used for ocean prediction, and the value-added of a better representation of the observed ocean variability and western boundary currents at that resolution is currently being evaluated in climate models. This overview article begins with a brief summary of the impact on ocean model biases of resolving eddies in several global ocean–sea ice numerical simulations. Then, a series of North and Equatorial Atlantic configurations are used to show that an increase of the horizontal resolution from eddy-resolving to submesoscale-enabled together with the inclusion of high-resolution bathymetry and tides significantly improve the models’ abilities to represent the observed ocean variability and western boundary currents. However, the computational cost of these simulations is extremely large, and for these simulations to become routine, close collaborations with computer scientists are essential to ensure that numerical codes can take full advantage of the latest computing architecture.
Primary stability of single-stage revision reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in case of failure of dynamic intraligamentary stabilization depends on implant position during ACL repair
Authors: Glasbrenner J. , Fischer M. , Raschke M. J. , Briese T. , Müller M. , Herbst E. , Kittl C. , Schliemann B. , Kösters C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The object of this study was to evaluate the primary stability of tibial interference screw (IFS) fixation in single-stage revision surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the case of recurrent instability after ACL repair with dynamic intraligamentary stabilization (DIS), dependent on the implant position during DIS.

Materials and methods
Tibial aperture fixation in ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) was performed in a porcine knee model using an IFS. Native ACL-R was performed in the control group (n = 15). In the intervention groups DIS and subsequent implant removal were performed prior to single-stage revision ACL-R. A distance of 20 mm in group R-DIS1 (n = 15) and 5 mm in group R-DIS2 (n = 15) was left between the joint line and the implant during DIS. Specimens were mounted in a material-testing machine and load-to-failure was applied in a worst-case-scenario.

Results
Load to failure was 454 ± 111 N in the R-DIS1 group, 154 ± 71 N in the R-DIS2 group and 405 ± 105 N in the primary ACL-R group. Load-to-failure, stiffness and elongation of the group R-DIS2 were significantly inferior in comparison to R-DIS1 and ACL-R respectively (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between load-to-failure, stiffness and elongation of R-DIS1 and the control group.

Conclusion
Primary stability of tibial aperture fixation in single-stage revision ACL-R in case of recurrent instability after DIS depends on monobloc position during ACL repair. Primary stability is comparable to aperture fixation in primary ACL-R, if a bone stock of 20 mm is left between the monobloc and the tibial joint line during the initial procedure.
Acupuncture for radiation-induced toxicity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review based on PICO criteria
Authors: Bonomo Pierluigi , Stocchi Giulia , Caini Saverio , Desideri Isacco , Santarlasci Veronica , Becherini Carlotta , Limatola Vittorio , Locatello Luca Giovanni , Mannelli Giuditta , Spinelli Giuseppe , Guido Carmelo , Livi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the potential mitigating effect of complementary medicine interventions such as acupuncture for radiation-induced toxicity is unknown. This study aimed to assess the impact of acupuncture on the incidence and degree of severity of common radiation-induced side effects.

Methods
In accordance with pre-specified PICO criteria, a systematic review was performed. Two electronic databases (Medline and Embase) were searched over a 10-year time frame (01/01/10 to 30/09/20). Patients undergoing a curatively intended, radiation-based treatment for histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and oral cavity represented the target population of our study. Accurate information on the acupuncture methodology was reported. All included articles were evaluated to identify any potential source of bias

Results
Five papers were included in our qualitative analysis, for a total of 633 subjects. Compliance to per-protocol defined schedule of acupuncture sessions was high, ranging from 82 to 95.9%. Most patients (70.6%) were randomly allocated to receive acupuncture for its potential preventive effect on xerostomia. The large heterogeneity in study settings and clinical outcomes prevented from performing a cumulative quantitative analysis, thus no definitive recommendations can be provided.

Conclusions
Although shown to be feasible and safe, no firm evidence currently supports the use of acupuncture for the routine management of radiation-induced toxicity in HNSCC.
Overexpression of the nucleoporin Nup88 stimulates migration and invasion of HeLa cells
Authors: Makise Masaki , Uchimura Ryota , Higashi Kumiko , Mashiki Yasumi , Shiraishi Rikako , Shutoku Yuumi , Kuniyasu Akihiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElevated expression of the nucleoporin Nup88, a constituent of the nuclear pore complex, is seen in various types of malignant tumors, but whether this overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype has yet to be determined. Here, we investigated the effect of the overexpression of Nup88 on the migration and invasion of cervical cancer HeLa cells. The overexpression of Nup88 promoted a slight but significant increase in both migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of Nup88 by RNA interference suppressed these phenotypes. The observed phenotypes in Nup88-overexpressing HeLa cells were not due to the progression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or activation of NF-κB, which are known to be important for cell migration and invasion. Instead, we identified an upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) at both the gene and protein levels in Nup88-overexpressing HeLa cells. Upregulation of MMP-12 protein by the overexpression of Nup88 was also observed in one other cervical cancer cell line and two prostate cancer cell lines but not 293 cells. Treatment with a selective inhibitor against MMP-12 enzymatic activity significantly suppressed the invasive ability of HeLa cells induced by Nup88 overexpression. Taken together, our results suggest that overexpression of Nup88 can stimulate malignant phenotypes including invasive ability, which is promoted by MMP-12 expression.