bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mid‐domain effect and habitat complexity applied to elevational gradients: Moss species richness in a temperate semihumid monsoon climate mountain of China
Authors: Gao De , Fu Liqin , Sun Jiaxing , Li Yan , Cao Zhen , Liu Yongying , Xu Peng , Zhao Jiancheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe utility of elevational gradients as tools to test either ecological hypotheses and delineate elevation‐associated environmental factors that explain the species diversity patterns is critical for moss species conservation. We examined the elevational patterns of species richness and evaluated the effects of spatial and environmental factors on moss species predicted a priori by alternative hypotheses, including mid‐domain effect (MDE), habitat complexity, energy, and environment proposed to explain the variation of diversity. Last, we assessed the contribution of elevation toward explaining the heterogeneity among sampling sites. We observed the hump‐shaped distribution pattern of species richness along elevational gradient. The MDE and the habitat complexity hypothesis were supported with MDE being the primary driver for richness patterns, whereas little support was found for the energy and the environmental factors.
Genetic differentiation and signatures of local adaptation revealed by RADseq for a highly dispersive mud crab Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) in the Sulu Sea
Authors: Mendiola Michael John R. , Ravago‐Gotanco Rachel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConnectivity of marine populations is shaped by complex interactions between biological and physical processes across the seascape. The influence of environmental features on the genetic structure of populations has key implications for the dynamics and persistence of populations, and an understanding of spatial scales and patterns of connectivity is crucial for management and conservation. This study employed a seascape genomics approach combining larval dispersal modeling and population genomic analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from RADseq to examine environmental factors influencing patterns of genetic structure and connectivity for a highly dispersive mud crab Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) in the Sulu Sea. Dispersal simulations reveal widespread but asymmetric larval dispersal influenced by persistent southward and westward surface circulation features in the Sulu Sea. Despite potential for widespread dispersal across the Sulu Sea, significant genetic differentiation was detected among eight populations based on 1,655 SNPs (FST = 0.0057, p < .001) and a subset of 1,643 putatively neutral SNP markers (FST = 0.0042, p < .001). Oceanography influences genetic structure, with redundancy analysis (RDA) indicating significant contribution of asymmetric ocean currents to neutral genetic variation ( = 0.133, p = .035). Genetic structure may also reflect demographic factors, with divergent populations characterized by low effective population sizes (Ne < 50). Pronounced latitudinal genetic structure was recovered for loci putatively under selection (FST = 0.2390, p < .001), significantly correlated with sea surface temperature variabilities during peak spawning months for S. olivacea ( = 0.692–0.763; p < .050), suggesting putative signatures of selection and local adaptation to thermal clines. While oceanography and dispersal ability likely shape patterns of gene flow and genetic structure of S. olivacea across the Sulu Sea, the impacts of genetic drift and natural selection influenced by sea surface temperature also appear as likely drivers of population genetic structure. This study contributes to the growing body of literature documenting population genetic structure and local adaptation for highly dispersive marine species, and provides information useful for spatial management of the fishery resource.
Prognostic value of lung ultrasound in patients hospitalized for heart disease irrespective of symptoms and ejection fraction
Authors: Gargani Luna , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Frassi Francesca , Frumento Paolo , Poggianti Elisa , Mazzola Matteo , De Biase Nicolò , Landi Patrizia , Masi Stefano , Taddei Stefano , Pang Peter S. , Sicari Rosa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsLung ultrasound B‐lines are the sonographic sign of pulmonary congestion and can be used in the differential diagnosis of dyspnoea to rule in or rule out acute heart failure (AHF). Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of B‐lines, integrated with echocardiography, in patients admitted to a cardiology department, independently of the initial clinical presentation, thus in patients with and without AHF, and in AHF with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF and HFpEF).Methods and resultsWe enrolled consecutive patients admitted for various cardiac conditions. Patients were classified into three groups: (i) acute HFrEF; (ii) acute HFpEF; and (iii) non‐AHF. All patients underwent an echocardiogram coupled with lung ultrasound at admission, according to standardized protocols. We followed up 1021 consecutive inpatients (69 ± 12 years) for a median of 14.4 months (interquartile range 4.6–24.3) for death and rehospitalization for AHF. During the follow‐up, 126 events occurred. Admission B‐lines > 30, ejection fraction < 50%, tricuspid regurgitation velocity > 2.8 m/s, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion < 17 mm were independent predictors at multivariable analysis. B‐lines > 30 had a strong predictive value in HFpEF and non‐AHF, but not in HFrEF.ConclusionsUltrasound B‐lines can detect subclinical pulmonary interstitial oedema in patients thought to be free of congestion and provide useful information not only for the diagnosis but also for the prognosis in different cardiac conditions. Their added prognostic value among standard echocardiographic parameters is more robust in patients with HFpEF compared with HFrEF.
Women with peripartum cardiomyopathy have normal ejection fraction, but abnormal systolic strain, during pregnancy
Authors: Tamrat Ruth , Kang Yu , Scherrer‐Crosbie Marielle , Levine Lisa D. , Arany Zoltan , Lewey Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report a case series of six women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) who incidentally underwent echocardiography prior to the clinical presentation of PPCM. For comparison, we identified controls, matched 2:1 on age, race, body mass index, gestational age, and hypertensive disorder. Among the six cases, all were diagnosed with PPCM during the post‐partum period. Pre‐PPCM echocardiograms were performed between 17.7 weeks of gestation and 13 days post‐partum. Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and size were normal and similar to the 12 matched controls (60% ± 6.6% vs. 61.4% ± 6.3%, P = 0.63) or left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (4.6 cm ± 0.2 cm vs. 4.5 cm ± 0.4 cm, P = 0.689). There was a trend towards a less negative (more abnormal) mean global longitudinal strain in cases compared with controls (−14% ± 4% vs. −18.3% ± 4.5%, P = 0.0658). Mean global circumferential strain was significantly less negative (more abnormal) in cases compared with controls (−21.5% ± 5% vs. −29.3% ± 7.6%, P = 0.0329). We conclude that women who develop PPCM have normal left ventricular ejection fraction during gestation preceding PPCM, indicating that the disease develops acutely in the peripartum period. Abnormal strain can be detected, however, suggesting that strain imaging could represent a screening method in populations at high risk for PPCM if confirmed in future studies.
Facilitating higher photovoltaic penetration in residential distribution networks using demand side management and active voltage control
Authors: Pillai Gobind , Allison Michael , Tun Thet Paing , Chandrakumar Jyothi Kiran , Kollonoor Babu Eaby 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFuture power networks are certain to have high penetrations of renewable distributed generation such as photovoltaics (PV). At times of high PV generation and low customer demand (e.g., summer), network voltage is likely to rise beyond limits mandated by grid codes resulting in a curtailment of PV generation, unless appropriate control means are used. This leads to a reduction in energy yield and consequently reduces the economic viability of PV systems. This work focuses on scenario‐based impact assessments underpinned by a net prosumer load forecasting framework as part of power system planning to aid sustainable energy policymaking. Based on use‐case scenarios, the efficacy of smart grid solutions demand side management (DSM) and Active Voltage Control in maximizing PV energy yield and therefore revenue returns for prosumers and avoided costs for distribution networks between a developed country (the UK) and developing country (India) is analyzed. The results showed that while DSM could be a preferred means because of its potential for deployment via holistic demand response schemes for India and similar developing nations, technically the combination of the weaker low voltage network with significantly higher solar resource meant that it is not effective in preventing PV energy curtailment.
How changes in human activities during the lockdown impacted air quality parameters: A review
Authors: Marinello Samuele , Butturi Maria Angela , Gamberini Rita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe health emergency linked to the spread of COVID‐19 has led to important reduction in industrial and logistics activities, as well as to a drastic changes in citizens' behaviors and habits. The restrictions on working activities, journeys and relationships imposed by the lockdown have had important consequences, including for environmental quality. This review aims to provide a structured and critical evaluation of the recent scientific bibliography that analyzed and described the impact of lockdown on human activities and on air quality. The results indicate an important effect of the lockdown during the first few months of 2020 on air pollution levels, compared to previous periods. The concentrations of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide have decreased. Tropospheric ozone, on the other hand, has significantly increased. These results are important indicators that can become decision drivers for future policies and strategies in industrial and logistics activities (including the mobility sector) aimed at their environmental sustainability. The scenario imposed by COVID‐19 has supported the understanding of the link between the reduction of polluting emissions and the state of air quality and will be able to support strategic choices for the future sustainable growth of the industrial and logistics sector.
Energy storage and reuse in biological systems: Case studies
Authors: Ulu Gizem , Semerciöz Ayşe Selcen , Özilgen Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe consequences of energy storage in the body as fat and then reusing it in the metabolism are assessed for seven cases by referring to entropy generation as the criterion for assessment: Case 1: Glycogen and lipids are stored by a person by dieting and then reused. Case 2: Glucose is converted into fat and then reconverted it into glucose spontaneously. Case 3: 2400 kcal of high‐fat diet induced fatty liver disease and then a low‐fat diet is consumed to recover. Case 4: Intermittent fasting by skipping a meal up to 30 days/year. Case 5: Salmon store fat in its body and reuse it later during its journey back to its spawning place. Case 6: Entropic assessment of the female arctic squirrels in hibernation is done. Case 7: Mean exergy cost of active field metabolism of homeothermic/endothermic birds and mammals is compared. Assessments show that energy storage and its reuse generated negligible aging entropy in humans, intermittent caloric restriction via skipping a meal for 30 days in a year may extend the life span approximately 3%. Migrant or hibernating animals store energy and then reuse it with absolutely different purposes than the humans and generate most of their life span entropy.
A Review of Water Quality Factors that Affect Nickel Bioavailability to Aquatic Organisms: Refinement of the Biotic Ligand Model for Nickel in Acute and Chronic Exposures
Authors: Santore Robert C. , Croteau Kelly , Ryan Adam C. , Schlekat Christian , Middleton Elizabeth , Garman Emily , Hoang Tham 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A review of nickel (Ni) toxicity to aquatic organisms was conducted to determine the primary water quality factors that affect Ni toxicity and to provide information for the development and testing of a biotic ligand model (BLM) for Ni. Acute and chronic data for 66 aquatic species were compiled for the present review. The present review found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hardness act as toxicity-modifying factors (TMFs) because they reduced Ni toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates, and these effects were consistent in acute and chronic exposures. The effects of pH on Ni toxicity were inconsistent, and for most organisms there was either no effect of pH or, in some cases, a reduction in toxicity at low pH. There appears to be a unique pH effect on Ceriodaphnia dubia that results in increased toxicity at pHs above 8, but otherwise the effects of TMFs were consistent enough across all organisms and endpoints that a single set of parameters in the Ni BLM worked well with all acute and chronic toxicity data for fish, amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic plants and algae. The unique effects of pH on C. dubia may be due to mixture toxicity involving both Ni and bicarbonate. The implications of this mixture effect on BLM modeling and a proposed set of BLM parameters for C. dubia are addressed in the review. Other than this exception, the Ni BLM with a single set of parameters could successfully predict toxicity to all acute and chronic data compiled in the present review. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2121–2134. © 2021 SETAC
A farming system typology for the adoption of new technology in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Mamunur Rashid , Galdos Marcelo Valadares , Challinor Andrew J. , Hossain Akbar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the last three decades, few studies have been conducted to tackle the complexity and heterogeneity of Bangladesh farming systems. We address these research gaps with a new survey. Accordingly, a survey was conducted in North‐Western Bangladesh to understand how socio‐economic traits influence technology adoption and to identify and characterize key farm types. The survey was based on farm household characteristics, farm structure, farming practices and livestock as well as the economic performance of the farm. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to establish the different farm typologies, and the data set based on 27 variables was carefully analysed. The findings confirmed that the key variables that significantly affect the adoption of new agricultural technologies relate to age, farming experience, level of education of the household head, income, access to markets, land ownership, the proportion of hired labour, savings, food self‐sufficiency and income from off‐farm activities. Four main farm types were identified in the study area based on resource endowment and livelihood orientation. These are (1) well‐resourced farmers entirely dependent on agriculture and less reliant on off‐farm activities; (2) moderately resourced households, which are headed by an older male with greater farming experience and which are engaged in both on‐farm and off‐farm activities; (3) resource‐constrained households with cattle as the main livestock and with income generated by the sale of livestock products; and (4) severely resource‐constrained households which are headed by young farmers/men and where income is generated by off‐farm activities. These four farm categories represent the heterogeneity of farms in North‐West Bangladesh, and it is hoped that the development of this farm household typology will help particularly the extension service, to set up appropriate extension advice that will benefit the farming community.
A novel process to improve the characteristics of low‐fat ice cream using date fiber powder
Authors: Mansour Ali I. A. , Ahmed Mahmoud A. , Elfaruk Mohamed Salem , Alsaleem Khalid A. , Hammam Ahmed R. A. , El‐Derwy Yaser M. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to improve the characteristics of low‐fat ice cream (LFIC) using date fiber powder (DFP). DFP was added to LFIC mix (3% fat, 14% milk solids nonfat, 15% sucrose, 0.3% stabilizer, and 0.1% vanilla) at a rate of 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5%. Control treatment with no DFP was also manufactured for comparison. The LFIC mix was analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. After manufacture, microbiological, rheological, and sensory characteristics of LFIC were evaluated during storage at −18˚C for 30 days. The addition of DFP to the LFIC mix led to increasing (p < .05) the density and weight per gallon (lb) of final product. Thus, a 3.5% of DFP led to increasing the density of LFIC from 0.6 to 1.0 g/cm3 and weight per gallon from 5.2 to 9.0 lb, while the overrun of LFIC was decreased (p < .05) from 50.0% to 24.0%. Additionally, the melting resistance of LFIC made with DFP was higher (p < .05) as compared to control. Approximately 60% of LFIC made with DFP was melted after 50 min compared to 100% in control. The total bacterial count (TBC) and yeast and molds' count slightly increased in LFIC with adding DFP. However, there was a slight decrease in these counts during storage for 30 days. Psychrotrophic and coliform bacteria were not detected in the LFIC. Organoleptically, LFIC made with DFP showed higher scores (p < .05) of body and texture, melting quality, and appearance as compared to control during the 30 days of storage. However, the flavor was slightly decreased (p < .05) as the concentration of DFP was increased. The overall scores were increased with increasing the DFP concentrations up to 15 days as compared to control, followed by a decrease at 30 days of storage.
Validated HPTLC and antioxidant activities for quality control of catechin in a fermented tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica)
Authors: Thammarat Phanit , Sirilun Sasithorn , Phongpradist Rungsinee , Raiwa Araya , Pandith Hataichanok , Jiaranaikulwanitch Jutamas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMiang, a Thai traditional fermented tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), is exploited as nutraceutical and cosmeceutical ingredients despite limited standardization studies. Thus, this research aimed to develop a simple and rapid method for miang quality control using catechin and high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and the Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC). The developing solvent consisting of toluene: ethyl acetate: acetone: formic acid (6:6:6:1 v/v/v/v) showed acceptable specificity with Rf value of 0.54 ± 0.02 and linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.9951. The recovery was 98.84%–103.53%, and the RSD of intra‐ and inter‐day precision was 0.70%–3.00% and 1.93%–4.94%, respectively. Miang ethyl acetate fraction is suggested to be attractive ingredient due to rich catechin (25.78 ± 0.53%), prolonged stability at 40 ◦C, and strong antioxidants determined by the assays of ABTS (IC50 = 3.32 ± 0.74 mg/ml), FRAP (89.05 ± 15.49 mg equivalent of FeSO4/g), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 4.36 ± 0.67 mg/ml).
The potential of Quercetin to protect against loperamide‐induced constipation in rats
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Zhi Aimin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConstipation is the most common gastrointestinal complaint all over the world, and it is a risk factor of colorectal cancer. In this study, the protective of Quercetin against loperamide‐induced constipation and its potential mechanism in a rat model were investigated. Results showed that Quercetin at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg could significantly (p < .05) increase the intestinal transit rate, motilin, gastrin, substance P levels, and concentration of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), reduce the somatostatin levels, and improve the gastrointestinal peristalsis of rats. In addition, the expression levels of enteric nerve‐related factors, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), c‐Kit, stem cell factor (SCF), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) were examined by RT‐qPCR and/or Western blot analysis. The results suggest that Quercetin relieves loperamide‐induced constipation by increasing the levels of interstitial cells of Cajal markers (c‐Kit and SCF), as well as AQP3. In conclusion, the present study suggested that Quercetin exerted a protective effect against loperamide‐induced constipation, which may be associated with its role in regulation of multiple signal pathways.
Antioxidant vitamins promote anticancer effects on low‐concentration methotrexate‐treated glioblastoma cells via enhancing the caspase‐3 death pathway
Authors: Yiang Giou‐Teng , Chen Tsu‐Yi , Chen Cian , Hung Yu‐Ting , Hsueh Kuan‐Chun , Wu Tsai‐Kun , Pan Ying‐Ru , Chien Yi‐Chung , Chen Chao‐Hsuan , Yu Yung‑Lung , Wei Chyou‐Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVitamin C and vitamin E are well‐known antioxidant vitamins, both of which are also applied as adjunct treatments for cancer therapy. Methotrexate (MTX) is a clinical drug that is used widely for rheumatoid arthritis and cancer treatment. Human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor; the mean survival time for GBM patients is <2 years with traditional therapies. Developing and investigating novel treatments are important for clinical GBM therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether combined treatment with vitamin C/E and MTX can display anticancer activities on GBM. Our studies showed that MTX displays anticancer effects on GBM in a dose‐dependent manner, while vitamins C and E are not cytotoxic to glioblastoma. Importantly, this study showed that vitamins C and E can promote anticancer effects on low‐concentration methotrexate‐treated glioblastoma. Additionally, this study suggested that MTX alone or combined with vitamins C/E inhibits GBM cell growth via the caspase‐3 death pathway.
Geoscience data publication: Practices and perspectives on enabling the FAIR guiding principles
Authors: Kinkade Danie , Shepherd Adam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduced in 2016, the FAIR Guiding Principles endeavour to significantly improve the process of today's data‐driven research. The Principles present a concise set of fundamental concepts that can facilitate the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reuse (FAIR) of digital research objects by both machines and human beings. The emergence of FAIR has initiated a flurry of activity within the broader data publication community, yet the principles are still not fully understood by many community stakeholders. This has led to challenges such as misinterpretation and co‐opted use, along with persistent gaps in current data publication culture, practices and infrastructure that need to be addressed to achieve a FAIR data end‐state. This paper presents an overview of the practices and perspectives related to the FAIR Principles within the Geosciences and offers discussion on the value of the principles in the larger context of what they are trying to achieve. The authors of this article recommend using the principles as a tool to bring awareness to the types of actions that can improve the practice of data publication to meet the needs of all data consumers. FAIR Guiding Principles should be interpreted as an aspirational guide to focus behaviours that lead towards a more FAIR data environment. The intentional discussions and incremental changes that bring us closer to these aspirations provide the best value to our community as we build the capacity that will support and facilitate new discovery of earth systems.