bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Techniques for Fault Diagnosis in Vehicle Fleet Tracking Modules
Authors: Sepulvene Luis , Drummond Isabela , Kuehne Bruno , Frinhani Rafael , Leite Filho Dionisio , Peixoto Maycon , Reiff-Marganiec Stephan , Batista Bruno 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With industry 4.0, data-based approaches are in vogue. However, extracting the essential features is not a trivial task and greatly influences the final result. There is also a need for specialized system knowledge to monitor the environment and diagnose faults. In this context, the diagnosis of faults is significant, for example, in a vehicle fleet monitoring system, since it is possible to diagnose faults even before the customer is aware of the fault, minimizing the maintenance costs of the modules. In this paper, several models using machine learning (ML) techniques were applied and analyzed during the fault diagnosis process in vehicle fleet tracking modules. Two approaches were proposed: ‘With Knowledge’ and ‘Without Knowledge’, to explore the dataset using ML techniques to generate classifiers that can assist in the fault diagnosis process. The approach ‘With Knowledge’ performs the feature extraction manually, using the ML techniques: random forest, naive Bayes, support vector machine and Multi Layer Perceptron; on the other hand, the approach ‘Without Knowledge’ performs an automatic feature extraction, through a convolutional neural network. The results showed that the proposed approaches are promising. The best models with manual feature extraction obtained a precision of 99.76% and 99.68% for detection and detection and isolation of faults, respectively, in the provided dataset. The best models performing an automatic feature extraction obtained, respectively, 88.43% and 54.98% for detection and detection and isolation of failures.
Researcher perspectives on challenges and opportunities in conservation physiology revealed from an online survey
Authors: Madliger Christine L , Love Oliver P , Nguyen Vivian M , Haddaway Neal R , Cooke Steven J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Conservation physiology represents a recently emerging arm of conservation science that applies physiological tools and techniques to understand and solve conservation issues. While a multi-disciplinary toolbox can only help to address the global biodiversity crisis, any field can face challenges while becoming established, particularly highly applied disciplines that require multi-stakeholder involvement. Gaining first-hand knowledge of the challenges that conservation physiologists are facing can help characterize the current state of the field and build a better foundation for determining how it can grow. Through an online survey of 468 scientists working at the intersection of physiology and conservation, we aimed to identify characteristics of those engaging in conservation physiology research (e.g. demographics, primary taxa of study), gauge conservation physiology’s role in contributing to on-the-ground conservation action, identify the perceived barriers to achieving success and determine how difficult any identified barriers are to overcome. Despite all participants having experience combining physiology and conservation, only one-third considered themselves to be ‘conservation physiologists’. Moreover, there was a general perception that conservation physiology does not yet regularly lead to tangible conservation success. Respondents identified the recent conceptualization of the field and the broader issue of adequately translating science into management action as the primary reasons for these deficits. Other significant barriers that respondents have faced when integrating physiology and conservation science included a lack of funding, logistical constraints (e.g. sample sizes, obtaining permits) and a lack of physiological baseline data (i.e. reference ranges of a physiological metric’s ‘normal’ or pre-environmental change levels). We identified 12 actions based on suggestions of survey participants that we anticipate will help deconstruct the barriers and continue to develop a narrative of physiology that is relevant to conservation science, policy and practice.
Effects of Agronomic Practices on Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) Population Dynamics in Quinoa
Authors: Oeller Elisabeth C , Clark Robert E , Hinojosa Leonardo , Murphy Kevin M , Crowder David W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Crop diversification often promotes farm sustainability. However, proper management of newly introduced crops is difficult when pests are unknown. Characterizing herbivore dynamics on new crops, and how they respond to agronomic factors, is crucial for integrated pest management. Here we explored factors affecting Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) herbivores in quinoa crops of Washington State. Quinoa is a newly introduced crop for North America that has multiple varieties and a range of agronomic practices used for cultivation. Through arthropod surveys and discussions with growers, we determined that Lygus spp. was the most abundant insect herbivore and likely contributed to low quinoa yields in previous seasons. We assessed how different varieties (Pison and QQ74), irrigation regimes (present and not), and planting methods (direct-seeded and transplanted) affected Lygus population dynamics. Lygus phenology was correlated with timing of quinoa seed-set in July and August, corresponding to a period when quinoa is most susceptible to Lygus. Both irrigation and planting manipulations had significant effects on Lygus abundance. Irrigation reduced Lygus abundance compared with nonirrigated plots in 2018. Planting method had a significant effect on Lygus populations in both 2017 and 2018, but effects differed among years. Variety had a significant effect on Lygus abundance, but only in nonirrigated plots. Overall, our study shows that Lygus is a common insect herbivore in quinoa, and careful selection of variety, planting method, and irrigation regime may be key components of effective control in seasons where Lygus abundance is high.
Distributional and economy-wide effects of post-conflict agricultural policy in Colombia
Authors: Jiménez Dora Elena , Saldarriaga-Isaza Adrián , Cicowiez Martín 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We assessed the economic effects of the agricultural policy that is proposed as part of the 2016 peace accord in Colombia. We used a newly built social accounting matrix for Colombia to calibrate a computable general equilibrium model. We found that the value added, demand for labour and factor incomes increased in the areas most affected by the conflict, while the opposite occurred in the other areas. In general, distributional effects between urban and rural areas are strongly conditional on the financing mechanism adopted by the government.
Multicomponent intervention provided by GPs to reduce cardiovascular risk factors: evaluation in an Italian large sample
Authors: Colombo Alessandra , Voglino Gianluca , Lo Moro Giuseppina , Taborelli Stefano , Bianchi Maria Antonietta , Gutierrez Lucas Maria , Bert Fabrizio , Della Rosa Maria Cristina , Siliquini Roberta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe cardiovascular risk increases in a multiplicative way when patients present more risk factors simultaneously. Moreover, the General Practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in risk factors prevention and reduction. This work aimed to evaluate a multicomponent intervention in the Primary Care Department in an Italian Local Health Unit.MethodsA pre-post study was conducted in Northern Italy (2018). Patients were eligible if: aged between 30 and 60 years, not chronic patients, not affected by hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia. The GPs assessed body mass index, hypertension, abdominal obesity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values, glycaemic values, smoking and exercise habit (T0). A counselling by GPs to at-risk patients and a multicomponent health education intervention were performed. Reassessment occurred after at least 3 months (T1). Main analyses were chi-squared tests for gender differences, McNemar or marginal homogeneity tests for changes in paired data (P &lt; 0.05 as significant).ResultsParticipants were 5828 at T0 (54.0% females) and 4953 at T1 (53.4% females). At T0, 99.1% presented at least one risk factor. Significant changes in paired data were reported for each risk factor. The greatest improvement frequencies occurred in glycaemia values (51.0%) and hypertension (45.6%), the lowest in abdominal obesity (3.7%). Some differences were recorded between genders, e.g. females reported higher improvement frequencies in hypertension (P = 0.001) and abdominal obesity (P &lt; 0.001), whereas males in physical activity (P = 0.011) and LDL values (P = 0.032).ConclusionThe results showed significant changes for each risk factor, both for men and women. GPs and multicomponent educational interventions could play a key role in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
Structure of recombinants from conjugational crosses between Escherichia coli donor and mismatch-repair deficient Salmonella typhimurium recipients.
Authors: Matic I , Radman M , Rayssiguier C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To get more insight into the control of homologous recombination between diverged DNA by the Mut proteins of the long-patch mismatch repair system, we have studied interspecies Escherichia coli/Salmonella typhimurium recombination. Knowing that the same recombination pathway (RecABCD) is responsible for intraspecies and interspecies recombination, we have now studied the structure (replacement vs. addition-type or other rearrangement-type recombinants) of 81 interspecies recombinants obtained in conjugational crosses between E. coli donor and mutL, mutS, mutH, mutU or mut+ S. typhimurium recipients. Taking advantage of high interspecies sequence divergence, a physical analysis was performed on one third of the E. coli Hfr genome, which was expected to be transferred to S. typhimurium F- recipients during 40 min before interruption of the mating. Probes specific for each species were hybridized on dot blots of genomic DNA, or on colonies, and the composition of the rrn operons was determined from purified genomic DNA. With very few exceptions, the structure of these interspecies recombinants corresponds to replacements of one continuous block of the recipient genome by the corresponding region of the donor genome.
Characterization of two Segregation distorter revertants: evidence that the tandem duplication is necessary for Sd activity in Drosophila melanogaster.
Authors: Palopoli M F , Doshi P , Wu C I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Segregation Distorter (SD) is a naturally occurring system of meiotic drive in Drosophila melanogaster. Males heterozygous for an SD second chromosome and a normal homolog (SD+) transmit predominantly SD-bearing sperm. To accomplish this, the Segregation distorter (Sd) locus induces the dysfunction of those spermatids that receive the SD+ chromosome. Recently, P. A. Powers and B. Ganetzky isolated overlapping DNA clones spanning the region of DNA known to contain the Sd gene and identified a 5-kb tandem duplication that is present on all SD chromosomes examined, but is apparently absent from wild-type chromosomes. Here we report a molecular analysis of two spontaneous revertants from an Australian SD chromosome (SD-Arm28). Both of these revertants have lost the 5-kb tandem duplication along with the ability to distort transmission; the critical observation, however, is that they retain the DNA haplotype in the flanking regions (both proximally and distally) that is characteristic of the original SD-Arm28. We propose unequal sister chromatid exchange between the tandem repeats as the only plausible explanation for loss of a repeat while retaining flanking markers. This provides direct evidence that the tandem duplication is indeed necessary for the Sd phenotype. Further, we examined testes-specific levels of both RNA and protein for the nearby Topoisomerase 2 gene. Neither revealed a consistent difference between SD and SD+ strains. We also measured testes-specific levels of RNA using the tandem duplication itself as probe. Our results suggest that there is strong up-regulation of one or several 2.0-2.3-kb transcripts from the duplicated region in the testes of an SD strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic analysis of Rough sheath1 developmental mutants of maize.
Authors: Becraft P W , Freeling M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Maize Rough sheath1 (Rs1) mutants are dominant and cause a proliferation of sheath-like tissue at the base of the blade and throughout the ligular region. They also cause ligule displacement, a chaotic pattern of vasculature and abnormal cellular structure of vascular bundles. The affected region of Rs1-O leaves displays genetic and morphological attributes of both sheath and auricle, suggesting an overlap of these genetic programs. The rs1 locus maps approximately 26 map units distal to opaque2 (o2) on chromosome 7S, defining a new distal-most locus on the genetic map. Three mutant alleles, Rs1-O, Rs1-1025 and Rs1-Z, all display similar phenotypes. The mutations are completely dominant and the Rs1-O phenotype is not affected by dosage of the chromosome arm carrying the rs1+ allele, indicating that these alleles are neomorphic. Analysis of genetic mosaics showed that the Rs1-O phenotype is non-cell-autonomous, suggesting that intercellular signals convey the phenotype. Rs1 mutant phenotypes are affected by modifiers present in particular genetic backgrounds. An enhancer of Rs1-O was identified; segregation data imply a single recessive gene, ers1. Rs1 mutants were also found to enhance the expression of unlinked rs2 and Rs4 mutants, suggesting that these mutations affect similar developmental processes. We discuss the phenotypic and genetic similarities between Rs1 and Knotted 1 (Kn1) mutants that led to the identification of rs1 as a kn1-like homeobox gene (unpublished data).
Geographical variation in a quantitative character.
Authors: Nagylaki T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A model for the evolution of the local averages of a quantitative character under migration, selection, and random genetic drift in a subdivided population is formulated and investigated. Generations are discrete and nonoverlapping; the monoecious, diploid population mates at random in each deme. All three evolutionary forces are weak, but the migration pattern and the local population numbers are otherwise arbitrary. The character is determined by purely additive gene action and a stochastically independent environment; its distribution is Gaussian with a constant variance; and it is under Gaussian stabilizing selection with the same parameters in every deme. Linkage disequilibrium is neglected. Most of the results concern the covariances of the local averages. For a finite number of demes, explicit formulas are derived for (i) the asymptotic rate and pattern of convergence to equilibrium, (ii) the variance of a suitably weighted average of the local averages, and (iii) the equilibrium covariances when selection and random drift are much weaker than migration. Essentially complete analyses of equilibrium and convergence are presented for random outbreeding and site homing, the Levene and island models, the circular habitat and the unbounded linear stepping-stone model in the diffusion approximation, and the exact unbounded stepping-stone model in one and two dimensions.
Exome sequencing revealed PDE11A as a novel candidate gene for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Qin Wei , Zhou Aihong , Zuo Xiumei , Jia Longfei , Li Fangyu , Wang Qi , Li Ying , Wei Yiping , Jin Hongmei , Cruchaga Carlos , Benitez Bruno A , Jia Jianping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To identify novel risk genes and better understand the molecular pathway underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD), whole-exome sequencing was performed in 215 early-onset AD (EOAD) patients and 255 unrelated healthy controls of Han Chinese ethnicity. Subsequent validation, computational annotation and in vitro functional studies were performed to evaluate the role of candidate variants in EOAD. We identified two rare missense variants in the phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) gene in individuals with EOAD. Both variants are located in evolutionarily highly conserved amino acids, are predicted to alter the protein conformation and are classified as pathogenic. Furthermore, we found significantly decreased protein levels of PDE11A in brain samples of AD patients. Expression of PDE11A variants and knockdown experiments with specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for PDE11A both resulted in an increase of AD-associated Tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple epitopes in vitro. PDE11A variants or PDE11A shRNA also caused increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, protein kinase A (PKA) activation and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation. In addition, pretreatment with a PKA inhibitor (H89) suppressed PDE11A variant-induced Tau phosphorylation formation. This study offers insight into the involvement of Tau phosphorylation via the cAMP/PKA pathway in EOAD pathogenesis and provides a potential new target for intervention.
Pollution status and trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coral reef ecosystems of the South China Sea
Authors: Li Yali , Zou Xinqing , Zou Shichun , Li Pu , Yang Ying , Wang Junjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are important fishing grounds in tropical and subtropical areas and have been widely contaminated by chemicals. However, the current understanding of the pollution status and trophic transfer of exogenous chemicals in coral reef ecosystems is still limited. This study aims to characterize the occurrence of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments, corals, and other biotas in the trophic-complex coral reef ecosystems in the Xisha and Nansha Islands of the South China Sea. PAH transfer characteristics in the highly diverse coral reef food webs were analyzed through stable isotope ratios and trophic magnification factors (TMFs). PAHs were observed in sediment and biota samples of both Xisha and Nansha coral reef ecosystems. The TMFs ranging from 0.46 to 2.18 for the Xisha food web indicate limited trophic transfer of PAHs, while those ranging from 1.07 to 5.25 for the Nansha food web indicate trophic magnification of PAHs. The octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of PAHs may positively influence the PAH biomagnification via accumulation along the trophic levels. This study provides new insights into PAH contamination patterns and their trophodynamic behaviour in highly diverse coral reef ecosystems, which can serve as a scientific basis for ecological risk assessment, biodiversity conservation, and coastal function management in global coral reef systems.
Research Relevant Conditions and Pathology in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Saravanan Chandra , Flandre Thierry , Hodo Carolyn L , Lewis Anne D , Mecklenburg Lars , Romeike Annette , Turner Oliver C , Yen Hsi-Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiomedical research involving animal models continues to provide important insights into disease pathogenesis and treatment of diseases that impact human health. In particular, nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been used extensively in translational research due to their phylogenetic proximity to humans and similarities to disease pathogenesis and treatment responses as assessed in clinical trials. Microscopic changes in tissues remain a significant endpoint in studies involving these models. Spontaneous, expected (ie, incidental or background) histopathologic changes are commonly encountered and influenced by species, genetic variations, age, and geographical origin of animals, including exposure to infectious or parasitic agents. Often, the background findings confound study-related changes, because numbers of NHPs used in research are limited by animal welfare and other considerations. Moreover, background findings in NHPs can be exacerbated by experimental conditions such as treatment with xenobiotics (eg, infectious morphological changes related to immunosuppressive therapy). This review and summary of research-relevant conditions and pathology in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, baboons, African green monkeys, common marmosets, tamarins, and squirrel and owl monkeys aims to improve the interpretation and validity of NHP studies.
Development and Demonstration of Low-Impact IPM Strategy to Control Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Urban Residential Settings
Authors: Choe Dong-Hwan , Tay Jia-Wei , Campbell Kathleen , Park Hoeun , Greenberg Les , Rust Michael K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Argentine ants are one of the most common nuisance pest ants treated by pest management professionals (PMPs) in southern and western urban residential areas of the United States. Two new technologies (spraying with a pheromone adjuvant and using a biodegradable hydrogel bait delivery method) were used to develop a unique low-impact integrated pest management (IPM) protocol for Argentine ants in urban residential settings. The IPM protocol included a one-time perimeter spray treatment with 0.03% fipronil (mixed with a pheromone adjuvant) at the beginning of the ant season to achieve a quick knockdown. The initial spray application was followed by a biodegradable hydrogel baiting with 1% boric acid as a maintenance treatment. This low-impact IPM protocol was compared with two other conventional methods: (1) one initial fipronil application and one pyrethroid spray application for maintenance, or (2) one initial fipronil application and one essential oil insecticide spray application for maintenance. Based on Argentine ant foraging activity, the protocols were compared for their control efficacy. Insecticide use information and treatment time were also recorded and compared among different treatment protocols. Our results provided empirical data to support the effectiveness and economic feasibility of the low-impact IPM protocol for managing Argentine ants in urban residential settings.
Seismic radiation analyses in anisotropic media based on general dislocation source model
Authors: Yao Yi , Wang Yibo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnisotropy affects the focal mechanism and makes it complicated. A shear motion generates a pure double-couple (DC) source in isotropic media. While in anisotropic media, it will produce non-DC components, which contain isotropic (ISO) and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) components. Besides, coupled with the diversity of fault motion, the source may become extremely complicated. In this paper, the seismic moment tensor is obtained based on the dislocation model, and then a variety of analyses are performed with the moment tensor, including moment tensor decomposition, radiation pattern, radiated energy ratio and seismic propagation characteristics. Since the anisotropy of the medium also influences seismic wave propagation, a hypothesis is made that the source region is minimal and anisotropic, but the propagation path is isotropic. The research gives some interesting conclusions. It is found that the anisotropy mainly affects the focal mechanism under low slope angle while high slope angle has little effect on the polarity. In terms of the moment tensor decomposition, if only one of ISO or CLVD exists, it can be asserted that the source region is anisotropic because ISO components are accompanied by CLVD components in isotropy media. As for the DC component, the results indicate it is one of the most important factors for determining the ratio of radiant energy. This paper presents some valuable findings of the focal mechanism of the general dislocation source under anisotropy, which helps to recognise the source characteristics of the earthquake and build solid foundations for the subsequent inversion of the focal mechanism.