bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance gene dissipation in soil microcosms amended with antibiotics and swine manure
Authors: Alt Laura M. , Iverson Alyssa N. , Soupir Michelle L. , Moorman Thomas B. , Howe Adina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of antibiotics in animal agriculture has exacerbated the presence of both antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and residual antibiotics excreted in animal manure. Field application of this manure is a common practice because its nutrient rich material can benefit crop growth. However, this practice can also introduce antibiotics and ARGs into nonagricultural settings. The integration of prairie buffer strips within and at the edge of crop fields is a potential management solution to reduce concentrations of ARGs commonly transported via water runoff and infiltration. An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the fate of ARGs in directly manured crop field soils and the surrounding affected prairie strip soils. Row crop and prairie strip soils sampled from three sites received either an antibiotic spike and swine manure addition or a control water addition. The concentrations of select ARGs were then monitored over a 72‐d period. Although soil vegetation and site location were not observed to influence ARG dissipation, the select genes did display different half‐lives from one another. For example, tetM demonstrated the fastest dissipation of the genes quantified (average half‐life, 5.18 d). Conversely, sul1 did not conform to the first‐order linear regression kinetics used to describe the other investigated genes and was highly abundant in control prairie strip soils. The quantified half‐lives of these select ARGs are comparable to previous studies and can inform monitoring and mitigative efforts aimed at reducing the spread of ARGs in the environment.
Possible mechanisms for persistent anomalous rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in winter 2018/2019
Authors: Zhang Daquan , Chen Lijuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (MLYR) experienced a historically high number of persistent cloudy and rainy days throughout winter 2018/2019. The persistent cold and rainy weather caused severe social impacts and economic losses. Climatic monitoring shows that a weak central Pacific (CP) El Niño event initiated in November 2018 with an increase in the sea surface temperature (SST) in the central and eastern tropical Pacific. During the mature phase of the CP El Niño, the western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) was stronger than normal and the western boundary moved westward. However, the weak CP El Niño event alone is not enough to explain the abnormally strong and northward displacement of WNPSH and associated heavy rainfall in winter of 2018/2019. This study highlights the eastward propagating Rossby wave train in the middle‐upper troposphere along with the Asian westerly jet‐induced anomalous high pressure and anticyclonic circulation over East Asia, which contributed to the intensification and northward displacement of WNPSH. The synergic influence of both the CP El Niño and Rossby wave train over Eurasia resulted in an intensified and northward shifted WNPSH, which, together with the intensification of the India Burma trough, strengthened the transport of water vapour into the MLYR basin. Accompanied by frequent outbreaks of cold air and confluence of cold and warm air over the MLYR basin, cold and rainy weather persisted in winter 2018/2019 in this region.
Influence of cloud microphysical parameterization on the characteristics of monsoon depressions over the Indian region
Authors: Hazra Vivekananda , Pattnaik Sandeep 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndian summer monsoon (ISM) low‐pressure systems are considered as the lifeline for seasonal monsoon rainfall over the Indian region. However, the current models have limitations in predicting their characteristics and rainfall. This study assesses the influence of five cloud microphysical parameterization Schemes (MP) on simulations of 14 monsoon deep depressions (DD) using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The simulations are carried out with a lead time up to 96 hr in a nested domain resolution of 27, 9, and 3 km. The five cloud microphysical parameterizations, that is, WRF Double moment (WDM6), WRF single moment (WSM6), Milbrandt (MIL), Thompson (THOM), and Aerosol Aware Thompson (AAT), are considered in this study, leading to a total of 70 simulations. The results are validated through composite analysis at a radial distance of 300 km from the respective storm centres. The choice of MP significantly impacts the key characteristics of the monsoon DDs such as rainfall, wind, temperature, moisture, humidity, hydrometeors, and associated convective processes. In terms of rainfall, it is found that WDM6 (AAT) has the best (worst) performance with a lead time up to day‐4. Besides, WDM6 has simulated the best result in terms of temperature and specific humidity. Examining the hydrometeors distribution around the storm intense convective region (i.e., 300 km), it is noted that frozen hydrometeors (i.e., ice, snow, and graupel) are mainly modulating the rainfall. There is a general tendency to overestimate snow and graupel among MP except WDM6. Further, ice hydrometeors are well represented in WDM6 compared with others leading to better rainfall forecast. The moisture flux convergence and absolute vorticity are two major mechanisms determining the convection within the storm's core zone, and WDM6 stands out the best among these schemes. The findings of this study are relevant and have direct consequences to the operational applications.
Reliability of Performing Multiparametric Ultrasound in Adult Livers
Authors: Gao Jing , Lee Rebecca , Trujillo Michael 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe aim of the study was to test inter‐observer and intra‐observer reliability of measuring multiparametric ultrasound in adult livers.MethodsWe prospectively measured shear wave velocity (SWV, m/s), shear wave dispersion slope (SWD, m/s/kHz), attenuation coefficient (ATI, dB/cm/MHz), normalized local variance (NLV), and echo intensity ratio of liver to kidney (L/K ratio) in 21 adults who underwent liver magnetic resonance imaging‐proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF). Intraclass correlation coefficient and 95% Bland–Altman limits of agreement (95% LOA) were used to analyze intra‐ and inter‐observer reproducibility.ResultsBased on liver MRI‐PDFF, 21 participants (8 men and 13 women, mean age 55 years) were divided into group 1 (11 normal livers, MRI‐PDFF <5%) and group 2 (10 steatotic livers, MRI‐PDFF ≥5%). ICCs for intra‐observer repeatability and inter‐observer reproducibility in measuring multiple ultrasound parameters in both normal and steatotic livers were above 0.75. However, 95% confidence interval for measuring SWD in all livers and L/K ratio in normal livers was 0.38–0.90 and 0.47–0.91, respectively. Differences in SWV, SWD, ATI, NLV, L/K ratio, and MRI‐PDFF between participants with and without hepatic steatosis were significant (p < .05), whereas serum biomarkers and body mass index were not (p > .05), based on a two‐tailed t‐test.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the repeatability and reproducibility for measuring liver SWV, ATI, and NLV are moderate to excellent, while those for SWD and L/K ratio are poor. Standardized machine settings, scanning protocols, and operator training are suggested in performing multiparametric ultrasound of the liver.
Prognostic significance of hypoxic and metabolic gene profiling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Milosa Fabiola , Critelli Rosina Maria , Lasagni Simone , Pivetti Alessandra , Di Marco Lorenza , Romagnoli Dante , Carulli Lucia , Dituri Francesco , Mancarella Serena , Giannelli Gianluigi , Martinez‐Chantar Maria‐Luz , Fabris Luca , Villa Erica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high clinical and biological heterogeneity, depending on the extremely variable combinations of pathways, linked with immune mechanisms, neo‐angiogenesis, ECM remodeling, metabolism and/or hypoxia. We recently identified a 5‐genes neo‐angiogenic transcriptomic signature (TS), able to discriminate between “aggressive” HCCs (TS‐positive) from “bland” HCCs (TS negative), the former having extremely poor survival. The aim of this study was to compare gene expression of our HCC cohort with gene expression of well‐characterized, published signatures, which have been related with several different functions potentially relevant in carcinogenesis (ie immune control, hypoxia, metabolism, vascular invasion). We also aimed to ascertain the prognostic power for survival.MethodsThe gene expression profile of a cohort of 78 HCC patients prospectively identified were analysed according to a series of published gene expression signatures related with hypoxia, metabolism and immunity and related with the ability of the signature to predict survival.ResultsOnly few genes described in the various immune‐signatures analyzed were differentially expressed and were related with reduced survival in our prospective cohort, especially in TS‐positive HCCs. Genes composing hypoxic, metabolic and vascular invasion signatures were instead much more deregulated both in aggressive or bland HCCs. For most of them, the level of expression related with reduced survival. This suggests their possible value as biomarker of tumor aggressiveness.ConclusionAltogether, our data demonstrate that in HCC, and especially in aggressive TS‐positive HCC, signaling pathways related with hypoxic and metabolic/glycolytic signatures are more relevant in determining a poorer outcome of HCC than immune‐related pathways.
Epimutation of MMACHC compound to a genetic mutation in cblC cases
Authors: Zhang Xiaoman , Chen Qiong , Song Yinsen , Guo Pengbo , Wang Yanhong , Luo Shuying , Zhang Yaodong , Zhou Chongchen , Li Dongxiao , Chen Yongxing , Wei Haiyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMethylmalonic aciduria (MMA) combined with homocystinuria, cobalamin(cbl)C deficiency type (OMIM 277400), is the most common autosomal recessive inherited disorder of intracellular cobalamin metabolism caused by mutations in the MMACHC gene (OMIM 609831), of which more than 100 mutations have been identified to date. In this study, we only identified a coding mutation in one allele at the MMACHC gene locus, and no large fragments deletion or duplication were found. Up to now, only three epimutation cblC cases were reported. We hypothesized whether the MMACHC was hypermethylated.MethodsTo address this hypothesis, the entire coding region and adjacent splice sites of the panel genes involved in metabolic diseases were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq X platform, followed by confirmation via Sanger sequencing in their parents and brothers. Methylation analysis of the MMACHC was performed using an EpiTect Bisulfite Kit and methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) to investigate the role of epimutations in cblC disease.ResultsWe identified a clearly pathogenic single heterozygous c.658_660del, p. (K220del) mutation, which was also identified in the mother. Analysis of the MMACHC indicated a heterozygous epimutation consisting of 34 hypermethylated CpG sites in a CpG island encompassing the promoter and first exon of the MMACHC, which was also identified in the father. Furthermore, we identified a single heterozygous c.*2C>T mutation in the sixth exon of the PRDX1 (OMIM 176763) in patients and their fathers, which was the only sequence variation that segregated with the MMACHC methylation. Neither c.658_660del and epimutation in MMACHC nor c.*2C>T in PRDX1 was discovered in her brother.ConclusionWe report compound heterozygotes in MMACHC for a genetic mutation and an epimutation in cblC cases. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of two cblC cases from China caused by compound heterozygous mutations with a coding mutation in one allele and an epimutation in the other at the MMACHC locus.
Arginine multivalency stabilizes protein/RNA condensates
Authors: Paloni Matteo , Bussi Giovanni , Barducci Alessandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiomolecular condensates assembled through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and RNAs are currently recognized to play an important role in cellular organization. Their assembly depends on the formation of a network of transient, multivalent interactions between flexible scaffold biomolecules. Understanding how protein and RNA sequences determine these interactions and ultimately regulate the phase separation is an open key challenge. Recent in vitro studies have revealed that arginine and lysine residues, which are enriched in most cellular condensates, have markedly distinct propensities to drive the LLPS of protein/RNA mixtures. Here, we employ explicit‐solvent atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to shed light on the microscopic origin of this difference by investigating mixtures of polyU oligonucleotides with either polyR/polyK peptides. In agreement with experiments, our simulations indicate that arginine has a higher affinity for polyU than lysine both in highly diluted conditions and in concentrated solutions with a biomolecular density comparable to cellular condensate. The analysis of intermolecular contacts suggests that this differential behavior is due to the propensity of arginine side chains to simultaneously form a higher number of specific interactions with oligonucleotides, including hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions. Our results provide a molecular description of how the multivalency of the guanidinium group enables the coordination of multiple RNA groups by a single arginine residue, thus ultimately stabilizing protein/RNA condensates.
Contamination routes and mortality of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by the insecticides fipronil and sulfluramid through social interactions
Authors: Mota Filho Tarcísio M M , Camargo Roberto S , Zanuncio José C , Stefanelli Luis E P , de Matos Carlos A O , Forti Luiz C 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLeaf‐cutting ants (LCAs) of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are important pests of forest plantations, agriculture and livestock. Toxic baits containing the active ingredients fipronil or sulfluramid are the main method used to control LCAs. Insecticide dispersion among members of an LCA colony during control with toxic bait is not well understood. The objective of the study was to determine whether self‐grooming, allogrooming or touching behavior among Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers disperses the insecticides fipronil and sulfluramid among members of the colony. The insecticides were topically applied on groups of A. sexdens workers and social interactions between ants with and without insecticide, and group mortality were evaluated.RESULTSBehavioral analysis showed an increase in interaction among LCA workers as the numbers of individuals increased, with touches between workers being the most frequent behavior. The frequency of observed behaviors was higher in groups treated with sulfluramid compared with fipronil. The mortality of groups treated with fipronil was almost twice as high compared with ants treated with sulfluramid. The insecticides are probably dispersed by excessive touching among workers and subsequent self‐grooming and allogrooming.CONCLUSIONThese behaviors were responsible for the rapid dispersion of insecticides among members of the colony. Corroboration of the hypothesis that social interactions contaminate nestmates is a model for future studies on contamination of ant workers with active insecticide ingredients. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spatial distribution of atomic electronic density for elements 1–54 as coming from a Hartree–Fock treatment within the minimum atomic parameters paradigm
Authors: Reinhardt Peter , Popov Ilya , Tchougréeff Andrei L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe minimum atomic parameters/Moscow–Aachen–Paris (MAP) basis sets—reintroduced in the previous paper—are analyzed with respect to spatial features as orbital shape, possible fits to alternative orbital sets (numerical or quasi‐numerical orbitals, nodeless Slater orbitals), respect of Kato's condition and radial distribution of energy components. For comparing orbital spaces the Frobenius angle between the orbital subspaces they span is introduced as numerical tool. It is shown that the electronic density of the MAP states is depleted around the nucleus with respect to the other orbital sets. Despite this, the similarity between the respective subspaces in all cases (except a unique case of the Pd atom) as measured by the cosine of the Frobenius angle amounts above 0.96 for all atoms. Deviations from the perfect value of Kato's condition amounts systematically to 0.3 and 0.5 for all elements considered. Integrating one‐electron energy contributions from r = ∞ to a finite radius, MAP and Bunge orbitals show about the same values, but for the inner region governed by the polynomial oscillations.
Work–family conflict and microfinance diversion
Authors: Kim Soo Jung , Lee Seung‐Hyun , Yeo Yun Dong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryMicrofinance funds are often diverted to non‐business usage, which defeats the purpose of microfinancing. Our study adopts boundary theory along with role commitment to investigate how microfinance recipients' integration of work–family roles affects microfinance diversion. We also examine the impact of family involvement and socially imposed gender role differences in microfinance diversion. We analyze data from an 11‐wave survey in which grants were provided to microenterprise owners in Sri Lanka. Our findings indicate that work–family role integration and lower owner role commitment engender more microfinance diversion. In addition, family involvement weakens the effect of role commitment on microfinance diversion while gender influences microfinance diversion, depending on the nature of the duties within the family role.Managerial SummaryWhy would microfinance recipients divert funds from investing in their own business when such a diversion would make it more difficult for them to escape poverty? Using data from surveys in Sri Lanka, we find that in order to prevent microfinance diversion, it is important for microenterprise owners to draw a clear boundary between their work and family roles, while also being committed to their role as a microenterprise owners. In addition, owners should be cautious about involving family members in their businesses. We also find that patriarchal values for gender roles in the society may impact microfinance diversion. Specifically, compared to men, women entrepreneurs who feel more of a burden from household chores and childcare roles tend to divert more funds.
Pre‐loss group therapy for dementia family care partners at risk for complicated grief
Authors: Supiano Katherine P. , Andersen Troy , Luptak Marilyn , Beynon Cynthia , Iacob Eli , Levitt Sarah Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionDementia family caregiving may span more than a decade and places many family care partners (CPs) at risk for poor bereavement outcomes; estimates of complicated grief in bereaved dementia family CPs range from 10% to 20%. We adapted our efficacious complicated grief group therapy intervention for bereaved dementia caregivers for soon‐to‐be bereaved dementia CPs at risk for complicated grief to facilitate healthy death preparedness and eventual bereavement—pre‐loss group therapy (PLGT).MethodsIn this Stage IB pilot intervention study, we implemented and evaluated PLGT in three psychotherapy group cohorts with family CPs at‐risk for complicated grief whose person living with dementia (PLWD) had a life expectancy of 6 months or less and resided in a nursing home. PLGT is a 10‐session multi‐modal psychotherapy administered by social workers.ResultsParticipants in PLGT realized significant improvement in their pre‐loss grief and in reported preparedness for the death of their family member, and participants evidenced lowered pre‐loss grief severity and improvement, as measured by facilitators. Participants also realized significant improvement in meaning making, particularly as a sense of peace and a reduction of loneliness.DiscussionThe process and treatment elements of the PLGT intervention affirm the value of specialized care for those dementia family CPs at risk for complicated grief, as the PLGT groups demonstrated a steady progression toward improvement collectively and individually. PLGT participants realized statistical and clinical improvement across pre‐loss grief measures suggesting that their risk for complicated grief risk was mitigated, and they were better prepared for the death of their PLWD.
Laser initiation of modified complex cobalt (III) perchlorate
Authors: Ilyushin Mikhail A. , Voznyakovskii Alexander P. , Shugalei Irina V. , Tverjanovich Andrey S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article presents the results of quantum‐chemical calculations of an isolated molecule of pentaammine‐(5‐nitro‐2H‐tetrazolato‐N2)cobalt (III) perchlorate (complex 1, NCP) and the products of its possible primary decomposition stage. Using Quantum chemical calculations in the approximation of the density functional theory, it was shown that the decomposition of complex 1 probably starts with the destruction of the 5‐nitrotetrazole ligand and the elimination of the nitrogen molecule, but not with the elimination of the coordinated ammonia molecule from the inner sphere of the cobalt complex. The likelihood of this mechanism increases with the addition of highly conductive nanocarbon additives. The effect of the addition of multilayer graphene additives on the interaction of laser radiation with the above complex has been examined in detail, and two variants of mechanisms for this effect have been identified. A real model of a laser detonator based on the experimental data, has been created.
Fisher information as a probe of spacetime structure: relativistic quantum metrology in (A)dS
Authors: Du Haoxing , Mann Robert B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Relativistic quantum metrology studies the maximal achievable precision for estimating a physical quantity when both quantum and relativistic effects are taken into account. We study the relativistic quantum metrology of temperature in (3+1)-dimensional de Sitter and anti-de Sitter space. Using Unruh-DeWitt detectors coupled to a massless scalar field as probes and treating them as open quantum systems, we compute the Fisher information for estimating temperature. We investigate the effect of acceleration in dS, and the effect of boundary condition in AdS. We find that the phenomenology of the Fisher information in the two spacetimes can be unified, and analyze its dependence on temperature, detector energy gap, curvature, interaction time, and detector initial state. We then identify estimation strategies that maximize the Fisher information and therefore the precision of estimation.
Nearly Gorenstein vs Almost Gorenstein Affine Monomial Curves
Authors: Moscariello Alessio , Strazzanti Francesco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe extend some results on almost Gorenstein affine monomial curves to the nearly Gorenstein case. In particular, we prove that the Cohen–Macaulay type of a nearly Gorenstein monomial curve in $${\mathbb {A}}^4$$

A

4

is at most 3, answering a question of Stamate in this particular case. Moreover, we prove that, if $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
is a nearly Gorenstein affine monomial curve that is not Gorenstein and $$n_1, \dots , n_{\nu }$$

n
1

,
⋯
,

n
ν

are the minimal generators of the associated numerical semigroup, the elements of $$\{n_1, \dots , \widehat{n_i}, \dots , n_{\nu }\}$$

{

n
1

,
⋯
,

n
i

^

,
⋯
,

n
ν

}

are relatively coprime for every i.