bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting physician implementation of hospital pharmacists' medication appropriateness recommendations in older adults
Authors: Dalton Kieran , Fleming Aoife , O'Mahony Denis , Byrne Stephen 
Published: July 2021

AimsNon‐implementation of pharmacist recommendations by physician prescribers may prolong potentially inappropriate prescribing in hospitalised older adults, increasing the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to ascertain the key factors affecting physician prescriber implementation of pharmacists' medication appropriateness recommendations in hospitalised older adults.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with hospital pharmacists and physicians who provided care to older adults (≥65 years) in 2 acute university teaching hospitals in Ireland. Content analysis was employed to identify the key themes that influence physician prescriber implementation of pharmacist recommendations.ResultsFourteen interviews were conducted with 6 hospital pharmacists and 8 hospital physicians between August 2018 and August 2019. Five key factors were found to affect physician implementation of pharmacist recommendations: (i) the clinical relevance and complexity of the recommendation—recommendations of higher priority and those that do not require complex decision‐making are implemented more readily; (ii) interprofessional communication—recommendations provided verbally, particularly those communicated face to face with confidence and assertion, are more likely to be implemented than written recommendations; (iii) physician role and identity—the grade, specialty, and personality of the physician significantly affect implementation; (iv) knowing each other and developing trusting relationships—personal acquaintance and the development of interprofessional trust and rapport greatly facilitate recommendation implementation; and (v) the hospital environment—organisational issues such as documentation in the patient notes, having the opportunity to intervene, and the clinical pharmacy model all affect implementation.ConclusionThis study provides a deeper understanding of the underlying behavioural determinants affecting physician prescriber implementation of pharmacist recommendations and will aid in the development of theoretically‐informed interventions to improve medication appropriateness in hospitalised older adults.
Promoting employees’ pro‐environmental behaviour through empowering leadership: The roles of psychological ownership, empowerment role identity, and environmental self‐identity
Authors: Cheng Zhihui , Liu Wenxing , Zhou Kong , Che Yujie , Han Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study develops a theoretical model to investigate when and why empowering leadership promotes employees’ pro‐environmental behaviour (PEB). Synthesising psychological ownership theory and role identity theory, we propose that empowering leadership positively affects the employees’ PEB and that this relationship is mediated by psychological ownership. Furthermore, we examine the moderating roles of empowerment role identity and environmental self‐identity in this relationship. By employing 203 leader–follower dyads as a sample, we find that empowering leadership is positively related to employees’ PEB and that employees’ psychological ownership mediates this relationship. Besides, we find that empowerment role identity plays a moderating role in the relationship between empowering leadership and employees’ psychological ownership such that the relationship is positive and significant when empowerment role identity is high but not significant when it is low. Finally, we observe that environmental self‐identity moderates the relationship between employees’ psychological ownership and PEB such that the relationship is positive and significant when environmental self‐identity is high, but not significant when it is low. Practically, we offer new insight into how and when organisations can leverage the positive effect of empowering leadership in the pursuit of promoting employees’ PEB.
Glutamatergic receptor expression changes in the Alzheimer's disease hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
Authors: Yeung Jason H. Y. , Walby Joshua L. , Palpagama Thulani H. , Turner Clinton , Waldvogel Henry J. , Faull Richard L. M. , Kwakowsky Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's Disease (AD) is the leading form of dementia worldwide. Currently, the pathological mechanisms underlying AD are not well understood. Although the glutamatergic system is extensively implicated in its pathophysiology, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the expression of glutamate receptors in the AD brain. This study aimed to characterize the expression of specific glutamate receptor subunits in post‐mortem human brain tissue using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Free‐floating immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to quantify the density of glutamate receptor subunits GluA2, GluN1, and GluN2A in specific cell layers of the hippocampal sub‐regions, subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus. Quantification of GluA2 expression in human post‐mortem hippocampus revealed a significant increase in the stratum (str.) moleculare of the dentate gyrus (DG) in AD compared with control. Increased GluN1 receptor expression was found in the str. moleculare and hilus of the DG, str. oriens of the CA2 and CA3, str. pyramidale of the CA2, and str. radiatum of the CA1, CA2, and CA3 subregions and the entorhinal cortex. GluN2A expression was significantly increased in AD compared with control in the str. oriens, str. pyramidale, and str. radiatum of the CA1 subregion. These findings indicate that the expression of glutamatergic receptor subunits shows brain region‐specific changes in AD, suggesting possible pathological receptor functioning. These results provide evidence of specific glutamatergic receptor subunit changes in the AD hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, indicating the requirement for further research to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms it entails, and further highlight the potential of glutamatergic receptor subunits as therapeutic targets.
Artificial refuges for wildlife conservation: what is the state of the science?
Authors: Cowan Mitchell A. , Callan Michael N. , Watson Maggie J. , Watson David M. , Doherty Tim S. , Michael Damian R. , Dunlop Judy A. , Turner James M. , Moore Harry A. , Watchorn Darcy J. , Nimmo Dale G. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTArtificial refuges are human‐made structures that aim to create safe places for animals to breed, hibernate, or take shelter in lieu of natural refuges. Artificial refuges are used across the globe to mitigate the impacts of a variety of threats on wildlife, such as habitat loss and degradation. However, there is little understanding of the science underpinning artificial refuges, and what comprises best practice for artificial refuge design and implementation for wildlife conservation. We address this gap by undertaking a systematic review of the current state of artificial refuge research for the conservation of wildlife. We identified 224 studies of artificial refuges being implemented in the field to conserve wildlife species. The current literature on artificial refuges is dominated by studies of arboreal species, primarily birds and bats. Threatening processes addressed by artificial refuges were biological resource use (26%), invasive or problematic species (20%), and agriculture (15%), yet few studies examined artificial refuges specifically for threatened (Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered) species (7%). Studies often reported the characteristics of artificial refuges (i.e. refuge size, construction materials; 87%) and surrounding vegetation (35%), but fewer studies measured the thermal properties of artificial refuges (18%), predator activity (17%), or food availability (3%). Almost all studies measured occupancy of the artificial refuges by target species (98%), and over half measured breeding activity (54%), whereas fewer included more detailed measures of fitness, such as breeding productivity (34%) or animal body condition (4%). Evaluating the benefits and impacts of artificial refuges requires sound experimental design, but only 39% of studies compared artificial refuges to experimental controls, and only 10% of studies used a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) design. As a consequence, few studies of artificial refuges can determine their overall effect on individuals or populations. We outline a series of key steps in the design, implementation, and monitoring of artificial refuges that are required to avoid perverse outcomes and maximise the chances of achieving conservation objectives. This review highlights a clear need for increased rigour in studies of artificial refuges if they are to play an important role in wildlife conservation.
Areas of endemism of Lauraceae: new insights on the biogeographic regionalization of the Espinhaço Range, Brazil
Authors: Assunção‐Silva Caroline Cristina , Assis Leandro Cézanne de Souza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing Lauraceae as a study case, we aimed in this article to: (i) delimit areas of endemism in the Espinhaço Range, Brazil; (ii) compare these areas of endemism with those previously delimited, as well as with the centres of endemism; (iii) evaluate the association between areas of endemism and vegetation types; and (iv) classify the areas of endemism according to the International Code of Area Nomenclature (ICAN). Based on a recent survey of 99 species from the Espinhaço Range, our dataset consisted of 34 endemic species belonging to nine genera. Following previous studies, we performed parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) using a grid square size of 0.5° × 0.5°. We delimited four areas of endemism of Lauraceae: (i) Antônio dos Santos, (ii) Conceição do Mato Dentro, (iii) Itambé do Mato Dentro, and (iv) Rio de Contas; and confirmed six previously delimited areas of endemism: (i) Southern MG, (ii) Southern Mountains Complex, (iii) Conceição do Mato Dentro, (iv) Diamantina Plateau, (v) Serra do Cabral, and (vi) Chapada Diamantina. The areas of endemism Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serra do Cabral, Diamantina, and Serra do Cipó were classified as subdistricts in the Diamantina Plateau district of the Southern Espinhaço province. We summarized and mapped all areas of endemism corresponding to the provinces, districts, and subdistricts that cover the Espinhaço Range. Areas of endemism and centres of endemism are contrasted. Finally, we highlight that the biogeographic studies along this mountain range should embrace higher taxa with representative species in different types of vegetation in order to enrich the majority of the endemism studies mainly concentrated on the campo rupestre. Unusual distribution patterns, diversity of vegetation types, and the presence of restricted species and monophyletic groups open up opportunities to carry out integrative studies concerning the biogeographic regionalization of the ER at multiple spatio‐temporal scales.
Establishment of a nomogram with EMP3 for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with glioma: A bi‐center study
Authors: Zhang Anke , Xu Houshi , Zhang Zeyu , Liu Yibo , Han Xiaying , Yuan Ling , Ni Yunjia , Gao Shiqi , Xu Yuanzhi , Chen Sheng , Jiang Junkun , Chen Yike , Zhang Xiaotao , Lou Meiqing , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo demonstrate the clinical value of epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) with bioinformatic analysis and clinical data, and then to establish a practical nomogram predictive model with bicenter validation.MethodsThe data from CGGA and TCGA database were used to analyze the expression of EMP3 and its correlation with clinical prognosis. Then, we analyzed EMP3 expression in samples from 179 glioma patients from 2013 to 2017. Univariate and multivariate cox regression were used to predict the prognosis with multiple factors. Finally, a nomogram to predict poor outcomes was formulated. The accuracy and discrimination of nomograms were determined with ROC curve and calibration curve in training and validation cohorts.ResultsEMP3 was significantly higher in higher‐grade glioma and predicted poor prognosis. In multivariate analysis, high expression of EMP3 (HR = 2.842, 95% CI 1.984–4.071), WHO grade (HR = 1.991, 95% CI 1.235–3.212), and IDH1 mutant (HR = 0.503, 95% CI 0.344–0.737) were included. The nomogram was constructed based on the above features, which represented great predictive value in clinical outcomes.ConclusionThis study demonstrated EMP3 as a novel predictor for clinical progression and clinical outcomes in glioma. Moreover, the nomogram with EMP3 expression represented a practical approach to provide individualized risk assessment for glioma patients.
Primary melanoma of the anorectal region: clinical and histopathological review of 17 cases. A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kolosov Andrej , Leskauskaitė Jurgita , Dulskas Audrius 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of our study was to scrutinize diagnostic and treatment factors that may contribute to the low survival rate from anorectal melanoma while adding 17 more cases to the global research database.MethodWe carried out a retrospective analysis of 17 cases of anorectal melanoma treated at a single institution from 2000 to 2020. Data on patient age, sex, complaints, treatment and survival as well as tumour size, resection margins, histological and immunohistochemical features were assessed.ResultsThe median age of patients was 72 ± 12.49 (45–92) years. Most of the patients were women (n = 11, 64.71%). Three (17.65%) patients underwent no radical treatment. Of eight patients treated initially with radical surgery (either total mesorectal excision or abdominoperineal resection), six (75%) were found to have positive lymph nodes. Mean survival was 20 ± 23.46 (1–84) months. The average diameter of the resected tumours was 5.43 ± 3.02 cm (1.3–10 cm). Most tumours had epithelioid or spindle cell morphology and were positive for one or more melanocytic markers (S100, HMB‐45 or MITF). More than half of the tumours contained no or very little melanin pigment. None of the tumours had significant lymphocytic infiltration. Three tumours showed positivity for keratins (PANCK or CAM5.2) and one tumour showed positivity for C‐KIT stain.ConclusionAn aggressive surgical approach may have an effect on survival in most early stages while more advanced disease benefits from a more conservative approach. Attention to sentinel lymph nodes and further systemic research into therapy is required. For now, treatment and diagnostic modalities seem to be inconsistent, requiring further investigation to elucidate common points.
For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let's diversify planted forests!
Authors: Messier Christian , Bauhus Jürgen , Sousa‐Silva Rita , Auge Harald , Baeten Lander , Barsoum Nadia , Bruelheide Helge , Caldwell Benjamin , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Dhiedt Els , Eisenhauer Nico , Ganade Gislene , Gravel Dominique , Guillemot Joannès , Hall Jefferson S. , Hector Andrew , Hérault Bruno , Jactel Hervé , Koricheva Julia , Kreft Holger , Mereu Simone , Muys Bart , Nock Charles A. , Paquette Alain , Parker John D. , Perring Michael P. , Ponette Quentin , Potvin Catherine , Reich Peter B. , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Schnabel Florian , Verheyen Kris , Weih Martin , Wollni Meike , Zemp Delphine Clara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs of 2020, the world has an estimated 290 million ha of planted forests and this number is continuously increasing. Of these, 131 million ha are monospecific planted forests under intensive management. Although monospecific planted forests are important in providing timber, they harbor less biodiversity and are potentially more susceptible to disturbances than natural or diverse planted forests. Here, we point out the increasing scientific evidence for increased resilience and ecosystem service provision of functionally and species diverse planted forests (hereafter referred to as diverse planted forests) compared to monospecific ones. Furthermore, we propose five concrete steps to foster the adoption of diverse planted forests: (1) improve awareness of benefits and practical options of diverse planted forests among land‐owners, managers, and investors; (2) incentivize tree species diversity in public funding of afforestation and programs to diversify current maladapted planted forests of low diversity; (3) develop new wood‐based products that can be derived from many different tree species not yet in use; (4) invest in research to assess landscape benefits of diverse planted forests for functional connectivity and resilience to global‐change threats; and (5) improve the evidence base on diverse planted forests, in particular in currently under‐represented regions, where new options could be tested.
Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of metformin with and without oral codeine intake in healthy subjects: A cross‐over study
Authors: Kuhlmann Ida , Nøddebo Nyrup Amanda , Bjerregaard Stage Tore , Hougaard Christensen Mette Marie , Korshøj Bergmann Troels , Damkier Per , Nielsen Flemming , Højlund Kurt , Brøsen Kim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate if there is a clinically relevant drug interaction between metformin and codeine. Volunteers were randomized to receive on four separate occasions: (A) orally administered metformin (1 g), (B) intravenously administered metformin (0.5 g), (C) five doses of tablet codeine 25 mg; the last dose was administered together with oral metformin (1 g), and (D) five doses of tablet codeine 25 mg; the last dose was administered together with metformin (0.5 g) intravenously. Blood samples were drawn for 24 h after administration of metformin, and for 6 h after administration of codeine and analyzed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Healthy volunteers genotyped as CYP2D6 normal metabolizers (*1/*1) without known reduced function variants in the OCT1 gene (rs12208357, rs34130495, rs34059508, and rs72552763) were invited. The median absorption fraction of metformin was 0.31 and was not influenced by codeine intake. The median time to maximum concentration () after oral intake of metformin was 2 h without, and 3 h with codeine (p = 0.06). The geometric mean ratios of the areas under the plasma concentration time‐curve (AUCs) for morphine and its metabolites M3G and M6G for oral intake of metformin‐to‐no metformin were 1.21, 1.31, and 1.27, respectively, and for i.v. metformin‐to‐no metformin 1.28, 1.34, and 1.30, respectively. Concomitant oral and i.v. metformin increased the plasma levels of morphine, M3G and M6G. These small pharmacokinetic changes may well contribute to an increased risk of early discontinuation of metformin. Hence, a clinically relevant drug‐drug interaction between metformin and codeine seems plausible.
Applying an equity lens to pharmacogenetic research and translation to under‐represented populations
Authors: Luczak Tiana , Stenehjem David , Brown Jacob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince the publication of the Human Genome Project, genetic information has been used as an accepted, evidence‐based biomarker to optimize patient care through the delivery of precision health. Pharmacogenetics (PGx) uses information about genes that encode proteins involved in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and hypersensitivity reactions to guide clinical decision making to optimize medication therapy selection. Clinical PGx implementation is growing from the dramatic increase in PGx studies over the last decade. However, an overwhelming lack of genetic diversity in current PGx studies is evident. This lack of diverse representation in PGx studies will impede equitable clinical implementation through potentially inappropriate application of gene‐based dosing algorithms, whereas representing a missed opportunity for identification of population specific single nucleotide variants and alleles. In this review, we discuss the challenges of studying PGx in under‐represented populations, highlight two successful PGx studies conducted in non‐European populations, and propose a path forward through community‐based participatory research for equitable PGx research and clinical translation.
Melanocytic hyperplasia associated with surgical scars in basal cell carcinoma re‐excision specimens: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Farah Maya , Suzuki Shuji , Bhawan Jag 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelanocytic hyperplasia (MH) overlying surgical scars has been reported but MH adjacent to the scar has not been previously addressed.MethodsWe evaluated scar‐associated MH in 489 re‐excision specimens of basal cell carcinoma. Melanocytic density, confluence, atypia, suprabasal scatter, follicular extension, distance from the scar, correlation with clinicopathologic parameters, and PRAME expression were recorded.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐seven of 489 (36%) cases exhibited MH beyond the scar extending to 6.65 mm median distance, with a median density of 13 melanocytes/0.5 mm (6‐24 mm), confluence in 74 (42%) cases, atypia in 14 (8%), suprabasal melanocytes in 25 (14%), and follicular extension in 21 (12%). Mean age of MH group was significantly lower than non‐MH group (P < 0.0001). MH overlying the scar was significantly higher in specimens with elastosis than those without elastosis (P < 0.0001). PRAME expression was absent in 14 of 20 cases and present in rare melanocytes in 6 cases.ConclusionsIncreased melanocytic density with confluence, mild atypia, suprabasal scatter, and superficial follicular extension may be observed in re‐excision specimens adjacent to surgical scars in the absence of a melanocytic neoplasm. These observations are helpful for appropriate interpretation of melanoma re‐excision specimens, to avoid potential pitfalls in diagnosis and unnecessary therapeutic measures.