bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenge of applying digital image processing software on intraoral radiographs for osteoporosis risk assessment
Authors: Gullberg Joanna , Al-Okshi Ayman , Homar Asan Dalia , Zainea Anita , Sundh Daniel , Lorentzon Mattias , Lindh Christina 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate rater agreement and the accuracy of a semi-automated software and its fully automated tool for osteoporosis risk assessment in intraoral radiographs. Methods: A total of 567 intraoral radiographs was selected retrospectively from women aged 75–80 years participating in a large population-based study (SUPERB) based in Gothenburg, Sweden. Five raters assessed participants’ risk of osteoporosis in the intraoral radiographs using a semi-automated software. Assessments were repeated after 4 weeks on 121 radiographs (20%) randomly selected from the original 567. Radiographs were also assessed by the softwares’ fully automated tool for analysis. Results: Overall interrater agreement for the five raters was 0.37 (95% CI 0.32–0.41), and for the five raters with the fully automated tool included as ‘sixth rater’ the overall Kappa was 0.34 (0.30–0.38). Intrarater agreement varied from moderate to substantial according to the Landis and Koch interpretation scale. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated in relation to reference standard for osteoporosis diagnosis which is T-score values for spine, total hip and femoral neck and presented in form of sensitivities, specificities, predictive values, likelihood ratios and odds ratios. All raters' mean sensitivity, including the fully automated tool, was 40,4% (range 14,3%–57,6%). Corresponding values for specificity was 69,5% (range 59,7%–90,4%). The diagnostic odds ratios ranged between 1 and 2.7. Conclusion: The low diagnostic odds ratio and agreement between raters in osteoporosis risk assessment using the software for analysis of the trabecular pattern in intraoral radiographs shows that more work needs to be done to optimise the automation of trabecular pattern analysis in intraoral radiographs.
W obliczu (post)prawdy, czyli inna historia frankistowskiego Patronato de Protección a la Mujer w esejach Consuelo Garcíi del Cid Guerry
Authors: Kobiela-Kwaśniewska Marta 
Published: July 2021

Facing the (Post)Truth or Alternative History of Francoist Board for the Protection of Women in Essays by Consuelo García del Cid Guerra
The paper is an attempt at shedding light on the unknown actions of Spanish Board for the Protection of Women. In Francoist Spain, this organization was originally founded to control and to dignify morality of “fallen women” in order to reeducate them in accordance with the National Catholicism ideology propagated by the Francoists. Although the aim of this powerful institution was to reeducate young women, many of them were hidden away in interments and suffered from different kinds of abuse. The violence applied against them was covered up and their voices silenced by authorities. The history of young women, completely unknown among Spanish society, was revealed and denounced by García del Cid Guerra. A former victim, she is the author of three political essays: Ruega por nosotras (2015), Las desterradas hijas de Eva (2012), and La niña del rincón (2018), books on which this article is based to present a different history of the Board for the Protection of Women, remembered by its young victims.
„Linie ucieczki ciągnie się za sobą przez całe życie”
Authors: Śliwińska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2021

“Lines of flight are dragged behind you all your life.” Post-Memory, Old Age, and Forgetting in Ulrike Draesner’s Novel Sieben Sprünge vom Rand der Welt (2014)
In contemporary German literature, particularly in the family novels that are key to the post-memory discourse of the past, there is a marked interest in the dysfunctions and deformations of memory associated with ageing processes. Demographic changes lead researchers to consider the determinants and the existing dominant themes and categories of interdisciplinary memory studies. Ulrike Draesner’s 2014 novel, Sieben Sprünge vom Rand der Welt, the subject of this paper, probes the meanders of memory and forgetting, examining their configurations in intergenerational relations. I am interested here in the threads that have been marginalized in the popular discourse on the flight and resettlement of millions of Germans from the eastern provinces of the Reich, which emerge along with the progressive dementia of one of the novel’s main characters.
ESPECIALIZAÇÃO E RUPTURA: DUAS FACES DO PROGRESSO CIENTÍFICO EM THOMAS KUHN
Authors: Ribeiro de Matos Vitor Gustavo , Tolfo Rogério 
Published: July 2021

Em sua obra capital, A Estrutura das Revoluções Cientificas, Thomas Kuhn inaugura uma noção muito própria do progresso científico. No presente artigo, é exposta tal concepção de progresso a partir tanto de uma primeira contextualização histórica inicial, quanto de um sobrevoo pelos principais conceitos da obra mencionada. Para tanto, faz-se uso não apenas de seu escrito mais famoso, mas também de trabalhos posteriores do autor, bem como textos de comentadores e estudiosos do tema. Em um primeiro momento serão apresentados os aspectos gerais da chamada ciência normal, com ênfase na noção de progresso cumulativo, adicionando, por parte dos autores, um exemplo contemporâneo de tal forma de progresso. Em seguida, discorre-se a respeito do processo de ruptura entre a tradição normal e um novo modelo de ciência, processo chamado de revolução científica. A pesquisa resulta na defesa da ideia que o progresso quantitativo — presente nos períodos de desenvolvimento da ciência normal — e o salto qualitativo presente nas mudanças de paradigma ocorridas nas revoluções científicas são processos complementares da mesma estrutura, através da qual o desenvolvimento histórico da ciência tem lugar.
Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes a partir de inquéritos populacionais de base escolar
Authors: Prado Carolina Cunha , Enes Carla Cristina , Nucci Luciana Bertoldi 
Published: July 2021

Introdução: De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), 18% das crianças e adolescentes de 5-19 anos apresentavam condições de sobrepeso e obesidade em todo o mundo em 2016. Uma importante ferramenta de acompanhamento das condições de saúde de uma população são os inquéritos nacionais de base escolar, que já são realizados para o acompanhamento da prevalência do excesso de peso em adolescentes em vários países. A identificação desses inquéritos torna-se uma valiosa fonte de informação de monitoramento global e de identificação de fatores que podem estar relacionados ao excesso de peso em adolescentes. Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes a partir de inquéritos nacionais de base escolar. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de estudos transversais com amostra de escolares com representatividade nacional. A busca foi realizada a partir das bases eletrônicas PUBMED/MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO e incluiu artigos publicados de Jan/2014 a Mai/2019 com dados de prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade. Resultados: Foram identificadas 204 referências e incluídos na revisão 29 artigos que analisaram dados de 11 inquéritos realizados em países de quatro continentes (América, Ásia, Europa e África). A prevalência de excesso de peso (sobrepeso+obesidade) em crianças e adolescentes variou de 2% a 37% nos estudos avaliados. Conclusões: A realização de inquéritos populacionais de base escolar com abrangência nacional é uma valiosa fonte de informação para o monitoramento das condições de saúde de crianças e adolescentes, especialmente se mantidas a temporalidade de realização e a comparabilidade desses inquéritos com dados de outros países.
Multiple-quantum-well-induced unipolar carrier transport multiplication in AlGaN solar-blind ultraviolet photodiode
Authors: Guo Long , Jiang Ke , Sun Xiaojuan , Zhang Zihui , Ben Jianwei , Jia Yuping , Wang Yong , Li Dabing 
Published: July 2021

AlGaN solar-blind ultraviolet (SBUV) detectors have potential application in fire monitoring, corona discharge monitoring, or biological imaging. With the promotion of application requirements, there is an urgent demand for developing a high-performance vertical detector that can work at low bias or even zero bias. In this work, we have introduced a photoconductive gain mechanism into a vertical AlGaN SBUV detector and successfully realized it in a

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photodiode via inserting a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) into the depletion region. The MQW plays the role of trapping holes and increasing carrier lifetime due to its strong hole confinement effect and quantum confinement Stark effect. Hence, the electrons can go through the detector multiple times, inducing unipolar carrier transport multiplication. Experimentally, an AlGaN SBUV detector with a zero-bias peak responsivity of about 0.425 A/W at 233 nm is achieved, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 226%, indicating the existence of internal current gain. When compared with the device without MQW structure, the gain is estimated to be about

10

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in magnitude. The investigation provides an alternative and effective approach to obtain high current gain in vertical AlGaN SBUV detectors at zero bias.
Hybrides Coaching in der digitalen Arbeitswelt – Analyse und Ableitung für Forschung und Praxis
Authors: Hasenbein Melanie , Kraiss Jens 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die Veränderung von Coaching in der neuen und digitalen Arbeitswelt. Er skizziert dabei hybrides Coaching als vielversprechenden Weg zur Anbindung von Coaching an die hybride Arbeitswelt. Ausgehend von einer Bestandsaufnahme von digitalem Coaching und blended Ansätzen in der Psychotherapie sowie neuen Arbeitsansätzen zeigt er auf, wie hybrides Coaching die Vorteile von direktem face-to-face Coaching und digitalem Coaching vereinen kann. Dabei wird hybrides Coaching als Co-Creation Prozess zwischen Coach und Klient*in beschrieben. Zudem werden die klassischen Qualitätskriterien im Coaching auf hybrides Coaching übertragen und modifiziert. Denn die Sicherstellung von Qualität ist wesentlich, wenn Coaching als professionelles Beratungsinstrument eingesetzt wird. Zudem wird beispielhaft aufgezeigt, wie hybrides Coaching in der Praxis aussehen kann. Schließlich wird herausgearbeitet, welche Forschungsfragen sich daraus ergeben und welche Fragen in der Coachingpraxis zu beantworten sind. Der Beitrag möchte eine theoretische und praktische Diskussion anstoßen, wie hybrides Coaching in der neuen Arbeitswelt gestaltet und durchgeführt wird und wie die Qualität im Coaching sichergestellt werden sollte.
Reducing mosquito-borne disease transmission to humans: A systematic review of cluster randomised controlled studies that assess interventions other than non-targeted insecticide
Authors: Oliver Jane , Larsen Stuart , Stinear Tim P. , Hoffmann Ary , Crouch Simon , Gibney Katherine B. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Mosquito control interventions are widely used to reduce mosquito-borne diseases. It is unclear what combination of interventions are most effective in reducing human disease. A novel intervention study for Buruli ulcer targeting mosquito vectors was proposed for a Buruli ulcer-endemic area of Victoria, Australia. The local community expressed a preference for avoiding widespread residual spraying of pyrethroids. To inform the design of a future cluster randomised control study (cRCT) for Buruli ulcer prevention in Victoria, we conducted a systematic literature review.

Aims
The aim was to describe cRCT designs which investigated interventions other than non-targeted insecticide for reducing mosquito-borne disease transmission, and comment on the strengths and weaknesses of these study designs.

Methods
Five medical research databases were searched for eligible literature from the earliest available sources up to 5 July 2019 (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, EBM Reviews, CAB Direct). Reference lists of identified studies were hand searched. Eligible studies were cRCTs using targeted chemical or biological mosquito control interventions, or mosquito breeding source reduction, with the occurrence of mosquito-borne disease as an outcome.

Results
Eight eligible cRCTs, conducted between 1994–2013 were identified in a variety of settings in the Americas and Asia. Interventions to reduce dengue transmission were mass adult trapping and source reduction. Interventions to reduce malaria transmission were largescale larvicide administration and (topical and spatial) repellent use. Three studies showed the intervention was associated with statistically significant reductions in the disease of interest and entomological indicators. High community engagement with the intervention were common to all three. In two studies, large buffer zones reduced contamination between study arms. Heterogeneity was reduced through increasing study cluster numbers, cluster matching and randomisation.

Conclusion
High community engagement is vital for a cRCT reducing mosquito-borne disease with a mosquito control intervention. These findings support a mosquito breeding source reduction intervention for Aedes control in a future study of Buruli ulcer prevention if local communities are supportive and very engaged. Regular administration of larvicide to sites unsuited to source reduction may supplement the intervention.
The role of procalcitonin and presepsin in the septic febrile neutropenia in acute leukemia patients
Authors: Moustafa Rania , Albouni Taissir , Aziz Ghassan 
Published: July 2021

Background
The source of bacterial infection in neutropenic acute leukemia patients is detected in about 20–30% of cases. Bacterial cultures may require a long incubation period and risk false-positive and false- negative results. Therefore, biomarkers distinguishing septic febrile neutropenia from other etiologies in acute leukemia patients play the important role in patient assessment and treatment planning. This study aims to determine the role of procalcitonin (PCT) and presepsin (PSPN) in infectious complication in comparison to C-reactive protein (CRP) on the first and third day at the onset of febrile neutropenia in patients with acute leukemia.

Methods
Between June 2018 and February 2019, 60 acute leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia receiving chemotherapy. The 41 acute myeloid leukemia patients and 19 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients were recruited in this study. Their ages ranged from 14 to 65 years. PCT and PSPN were measured and were compared to CRP at the onset of febrile neutropenia and after 48 hours. 20 patients had a fever of unknown origin (FUO) and 40 patients had a bacterial infection.

Findings
Our results showed that the values of these markers were higher in patients with infection than patients without. The area under the curve (AUC) of PCT were 0.931 and 0.813 on day one and three respectively, which was the best in determination of infection. The cut-off values of PCT were 1.27 and 1.23 ng/mL and the cut off values of PSPN were 1.75 and 2.9 μg/L in the successive days, their clinical sensitivities were high. PCT and PSPN were capable of distinguishing the cause of febrile neutropenia from the onset of infection and predicting its complications (p<0.05). The PSPN level couldn’t differentiate gram-positive or gram-negative bacterial infection. Significant differences were found between the mean values of the PSPN during the successive days in all patients and patients with bacteremia. This study illustrated a weak positive correlation between PCT and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, the negligible correlation between CRP and SOFA score and no significant correlation between PSPN and SOFA score.

Interpretation
PCT is an accurate biomarker in identifying infection in acute leukemia patients, its concentration is associated with the severity of bacterial sepsis. PSPN is superior to PCT for follow-up of patients.
A scoping review of recommendations in the English language on conducting research with trauma-exposed populations since publication of the Belmont report; thematic review of existing recommendations on research with trauma-exposed populations
Authors: Jefferson Kevin , Stanhope Kaitlyn K. , Jones-Harrell Carla , Vester Aimée , Tyano Emma , Hall Casey D. Xavier 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo identify recommendations for conducting public health research with trauma-exposed populations.MethodsResearchers searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Open Grey, and Google Scholar for recommendations. Trauma that causes psychological impact was our exposure of interest and we excluded clinical articles on treating physical trauma. We reviewed titles and abstracts of 8,070 articles and full text of 300 articles. We analyzed recommendations with thematic analysis, generated questions from the existing pool of recommendations, and then summarized select gaps.ResultsWe abstracted recommendations from 145 articles in five categories: community benefit, participant benefit, safety, researcher well-being, and recommendations for conduct of trauma research.ConclusionsGold standards to guide the conduct of trauma-informed public health research do not yet exist. The literature suggests participation in trauma research is not inherently harmful, and current recommendations concern using research to benefit communities and participants, protecting participants and researchers from harm, and improving professional practice. As public health researchers increasingly analyze trauma as a determinant of health, gold standards for the conduct of trauma-informed public health research would be appropriate and timely.
Assessing the difficulty of annotating medical data in crowdworking with help of experiments
Authors: Rother Anne , Niemann Uli , Hielscher Tommy , Völzke Henry , Ittermann Till , Spiliopoulou Myra 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAs healthcare-related data proliferate, there is need to annotate them expertly for the purposes of personalized medicine. Crowdworking is an alternative to expensive expert labour. Annotation corresponds to diagnosis, so comparing unlabeled records to labeled ones seems more appropriate for crowdworkers without medical expertise. We modeled the comparison of a record to two other records as a triplet annotation task, and we conducted an experiment to investigate to what extend sensor-measured stress, task duration, uncertainty of the annotators and agreement among the annotators could predict annotation correctness.Materials and methodsWe conducted an annotation experiment on health data from a population-based study. The triplet annotation task was to decide whether an individual was more similar to a healthy one or to one with a given disorder. We usedhepatic steatosisas example disorder, and described the individuals with 10 pre-selected characteristics related to this disorder. We recorded task duration, electro-dermal activity as stress indicator, and uncertainty as stated by the experiment participants (n= 29 non-experts and three experts) for 30 triplets. We built an Artificial Similarity-Based Annotator (ASBA) and compared its correctness and uncertainty to that of the experiment participants.ResultsWe found no correlation between correctness and either of stated uncertainty, stress and task duration. Annotator agreement has not been predictive either. Notably, for some tasks, annotators agreed unanimously on an incorrect annotation. When controlling for Triplet ID, we identified significant correlations, indicating that correctness, stress levels and annotation duration depend on the task itself. Average correctness among the experiment participants was slightly lower than achieved by ASBA. Triplet annotation turned to be similarly difficult for experts as for non-experts.ConclusionOur lab experiment indicates that the task of triplet annotation must be prepared cautiously if delegated to crowdworkers. Neither certainty nor agreement among annotators should be assumed to imply correct annotation, because annotators may misjudge difficult tasks as easy and agree on incorrect annotations. Further research is needed to improve visualizations for complex tasks, to judiciously decide how much information to provide, Out-of-the-lab experiments in crowdworker setting are needed to identify appropriate designs of a human-annotation task, and to assess under what circumstances non-human annotation should be preferred.
A systematic review of waterborne and water-related disease in animal populations of Florida from 1999–2019
Authors: Jenkins Meg , Ahmed Sabrina , Barnes Amber N. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundFlorida’s waters are a reservoir for a host of pathogens and toxins. Many of these microorganisms cause water-related diseases in people that are reportable to the Florida Department of Health. Our objective in this review was to ascertain which water-related pathogens and toxins of public health importance have been found in animal populations in Florida over the last twenty years.MethodsNineteen databases were searched, including PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection, using keywords and search terms for the waterborne diseases, water-related vector-borne diseases, and water-based toxins reportable to the Florida Department of Health. For inclusion, peer-reviewed journal articles were to be written in English, published between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2019, and contain primary research findings documenting at least one of the water-related pathogens or toxins of interest in an animal population within Florida during this same time frame.ResultsOf over eight thousand initial search results, 65 studies were included for final analysis. The most common animal types implicated in the diseases of interest included marine mammals, fish and shellfish, wild birds, and livestock. Toxins or pathogens most often associated with these animals included toxin-producerKarenia brevis, vibriosis,Escherichia coli, and Salmonellosis.Discussion/conclusionFindings from this review elucidate the water-related disease-causing pathogens and toxins which have been reported within animal populations in recent Florida history. As most of these diseases are zoonotic, our results suggest a One Health approach is necessary to support and maintain healthy water systems throughout the state of Florida for the protection of both human and animal populations.