bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat from different elevations to selenium treatment
Authors: Golob Aleksandra , Luzar Neja , Germ Mateja 
Published: May 2021

Common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat were grown in Slovenia outdoors at different elevations – 300 m, 600 m and 1180 m a.s.l. Both species were foliarly treated with selenium twice (in the vegetative phase and in the flowering phase). The effects of Se treatment and different growing locations on selected biochemical, physiological and anatomical traits were monitored. In Se treated common buckwheat, amount of chlorophylls was higher in plants from Ljubljana (the lowest elevation – 300 m a.s.l.) than in plants grown in Podbeže (600 m a.s.l.), whereas in control group, plants grown in Ljubljana contained more chlorophylls than plants from Javorje (the highest elevation – 1180 m a.s.l.). In both buckwheat species, Se alone did not affect amount of chlorophylls in any of location. In Se treated common buckwheat plants, the amount of UV absorbing compounds was the highest in plants, grown at the highest elevation. In common buckwheat, Se lowered the number of CaOx in plants, grown in Javorje. Conditions at different elevations, as well as treatments with Se, did not affect potential and effective photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II.
Keywords: common buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat, elevation, selenium, morphological characteristics, biochemical characteristics
Association Between Pain Catastrophizing and Pain and Cardiovascular Changes During a Cold-Pressor Test in Athletes
Authors: Lentini Matylda , Scalia Joseph , Lebel Frédérike Berger , Touma Fadi , Jhajj Aneet , Darlington Peter J. , Dover Geoffrey 
Published: May 2021

Context
Athletes are often exposed to pain due to injury and competition. Using preliminary evidence, researchers have shown that cardiovascular measures could be an objective measure of pain, but the cardiovascular response can be influenced by psychological factors, such as catastrophizing.

Objective
To use a painful cold-pressor test (CPT) to measure the relationship among catastrophizing, pain, and cardiovascular variables in athletes.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 36 male rugby athletes (age = 24.0 ± 4.6 years, height = 180.0 ± 6.1 cm, mass = 90.5 ± 13.8 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We measured catastrophizing using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and pain using a numeric pain rating scale. Cardiovascular measures were heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate variability.

Results
During the CPT, participants experienced increases in pain (from 0 to 4.1 ± 2.2), systolic blood pressure (from 126.7 ± 16.5 to 149.7 ± 23.4 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (from 76.9 ± 8.3 to 91.9 ± 11.5 mm Hg), and heart rate variability (from 0.0164 ± 0.0121 to 0.0400 ± 0.0323 milliseconds; all P values &lt; .001). In addition, we observed a decrease in heart rate after the CPT (P = .04). We found a correlation between athletes' pain catastrophizing and both pain intensity and change in heart rate during the CPT (P = .02 and P = .003, respectively). Linear regression indicated that pain and catastrophizing explained 29% of the variance in the change in heart rate (P = .003).

Conclusions
Athletes who had catastrophizing thoughts were more likely to experience higher levels of pain and a greater cardiovascular response during a painful stimulus. The change in cardiovascular variables may be a good objective measure of pain in athletes in the future.
Rhinosporidiosis in the Americas: A Systematic Review of Native Cases
Authors: Penagos Sara , Zapata Natalia , Castro Juan José , Hidron Alicia , Agudelo Carlos Andrés 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic mucosal infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic protistan parasite. It presents as nasal or ocular polypoidal or vascularized masses. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in South Asia; R. seeberi´s endemicity in the Americas is often overlooked. The objective of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with rhinosporidiosis in the Americas, its management, and patient outcomes. This study is a systematic review of cases of human rhinosporidiosis in the Americas reported in the literature from 1896 to February 28, 2019. This review screened 1,994 reports, of which 115 were eligible for further analysis. The selected reports described 286 cases of human rhinosporidiosis between 1896 and 2019. Cases were diagnosed in Brazil (32.2%), Colombia (24.4%), Paraguay (12.6%), and the United States (11.9%). The majority of the cases (91%) occurred in geographic areas with altitudes < 1,000 m above sea level and in areas with median temperatures ≥ 25°C (67.3%). Most of the patients presented nasal (65%) and ocular involvement (35%). Surgical treatment was provided for 99.6% of patients, but 19.8% of them recurred. This review describes the under-recognized geographic distribution and clinical presentation of rhinosporidiosis in the Americas and highlights clinical differences to cases in Asia, specifically in reference to a higher prevalence of ocular disease and higher relapse rates.
Salmonella Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Children with Acute Febrile Illness—Uganda, 2016–2019
Authors: Appiah Grace D. , Mpimbaza Arthur , Lamorde Mohammed , Freeman Molly , Kajumbula Henry , Salah Zainab , Kugeler Kiersten , Mikoleit Matthew , White Porscha Bumpus , Kapisi James , Borchert Jeff , Sserwanga Asadu , Van Dyne Susan , Mead Paul , Kim Sunkyung , Lauer Ana C. , Winstead Alison , Manabe Yukari C. , Flick Robert J. , Mintz Eric 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.Invasive Salmonella infection is a common cause of acute febrile illness (AFI) among children in sub-Saharan Africa; however, diagnosing Salmonella bacteremia is challenging in settings without blood culture. The Uganda AFI surveillance system includes blood culture-based surveillance for etiologies of bloodstream infection (BSIs) in hospitalized febrile children in Uganda. We analyzed demographic, clinical, blood culture, and antimicrobial resistance data from hospitalized children at six sentinel AFI sites from July 2016 to January 2019. A total of 47,261 children were hospitalized. Median age was 2 years (interquartile range, 1–4) and 26,695 (57%) were male. Of 7,203 blood cultures, 242 (3%) yielded bacterial pathogens including Salmonella (N = 67, 28%), Staphylococcus aureus (N = 40, 17%), Escherichia spp. (N = 25, 10%), Enterococcus spp. (N = 18, 7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (N = 17, 7%). Children with BSIs had longer median length of hospitalization (5 days versus 4 days), and a higher case-fatality ratio (13% versus 2%) than children without BSI (all P < 0.001). Children with Salmonella BSIs did not differ significantly in length of hospitalization or mortality from children with BSI resulting from other organisms. Serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility results were available for 49 Salmonella isolates, including 35 (71%) non-typhoidal serotypes and 14 Salmonella serotype Typhi (Typhi). Among Typhi isolates, 10 (71%) were multi-drug resistant and 13 (93%) had decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Salmonella strains, particularly non-typhoidal serotypes and drug-resistant Typhi, were the most common cause of BSI. These data can inform regional Salmonella surveillance in East Africa and guide empiric therapy and prevention in Uganda.
KELAYAKAN TUNJANGAN KHUSUS BAGI ANGGOTA POLRI DI WILAYAH PULAU-PULAU KECIL TERLUAR DAN PERBATASAN
Authors: Aziz M Asrul 
Published: May 2021

Personel Polri yang bertugas penuh di wilayah perbatasan dan/atau wilayah pulau kecil terluar, seperti tersurat pada Keputusan Kapolri Nomor 1234 Tahun 2018 mendapatkan tunjangan khusus. Pembayaran tunsus sudah berjalan dengan lancar, dan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku, dengan perkiraan tingkat kelayakannya 21,46%, untuk wilayah perbatasan, dan 23,26% untuk wilayah pulau kecil terluar. Tetapi dalam penjabarannya masih ada beberapa ketidak seragaman dalam kebijakan, dan ketidakselarasan dalam konsepsi dan deskripsi. Secara umum Polsek/Polsubsektor wilayah pulau kecil terluar dan perbatasan yang mudah dijangkau dari Polresnya, sudah baik dari segi fisikal akan tetapi dari segi sumber daya manusia, perlengkapan kantor dan perlengkapan operasional belum memadai secara kuantitas dan kualitasnya. Untuk dapat memperbaiki hal-hal tersebut, diperlukan upaya-upaya pimpinan Polri untuk menyeragamkan kebijakan pembayaran tunjangan khusus dan juga melakukan kajian-kajian untuk memperbaiki Keputusan Kapolri nomor 1234 Tahun 2018 terutama terkait dengan Polsek-Polsek ataupun Polsubsektor yang memiliki kualifikasi mendapatkan tunjangan khusus sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan juga peningkatan lainnya, seperti sarana-prasarana dan personel Polsek/Polsubsektor.
Детектив асарлар тилини социопрагматик ва гендер аспектларда ўрганиш
Authors: Ниязова Гулнора , Раупова Лайло 
Published: May 2021

Мақола ўзбек детектив романлари тилини ўрганиш орқали ўзбек тилида гендер фарқланишлар, аёл ва эркаклар нутқининг социопрагматик ва гендер ўзига хосликларини аниқлашнинг усул ва воситаларига бағишланган.
Ўзбекистоннинг совет давридаги ижтимоий-сиёсий жараёнлари тарихини ўрганишнинг айрим методологик жиҳатлари
Authors: Ходжамбердиев Хуршидбек 
Published: May 2021

Мақолада Ўзбекистоннинг совет давридаги ижтимоий-сиёсий жараёнлар тарихини ўрганишнинг айрим методологик жиҳатлари фандаги мавжуд замонавий усулларни қўллаш орқали холисона баён қилинган. Бундан ташқари, тадқиқотда совет даврининг суронли йиллари бўлмиш - 1970-1991 йиллардаги тарихий воқеа-ҳодисаларга цивилизациявий ёндашув ёрдамида баҳо берилиб, унга асосан истиқболда илмий-тадқиқотлар олиб бориш лозимлиги атрофлича таҳлил қилинган
Development of enterprise products in students - as a factor of production problems for young enterprises
Authors: Убайдуллаев Лутфулла , Эргашева Фотима 
Published: May 2021

Ёшлар бандлигини таъминлашда ёшлар тадбиркорлигини ривожлантириш муҳим масалалардан бири ҳисобланади. Бугунги кунда ёшлар ўртасида ўз-ўзини банд қилишга интилиш юқори бўлиб, ўзларини моддий томондан мустақил таъминлашга ҳаракат қиладилар. Мақолада мамлакатимиз аҳолиси таркибида ёшларнинг улуши, тадбиркорлартаркибида ёш тадбиркорларнинг улуши кўрсатиб ўтилган. Тадқиқот давомида талаба ёшлар ўртасида ўтказилган анкета сўровлари ва унинг натижалари таҳлил этилган. Тадқиқот жараёнида тўпланган маълумотлар назарий ― умумлаштириш; эмпирик ― кузатиш, анкеталаштириш, суҳбат; мантиқий ёндашув усуллари ёрдамида таҳлил этилди. Ёшлар тадбиркорлигини ривожлантиришдаги муаммолар аниқланиб, уларнинг ечими учун тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилди.
Ноаниқ олмошларнинг гап қурилмасини тадқиқ этишда фойдаланилган лингвистик методлар
Authors: Эгамназаров Қобил 
Published: May 2021

Ҳозирги замон тилшунослигида гап қурилмасини дистрибутив таҳлили, бевосита иштирокчиларга ажратиш методи, трансформация, субституция, компонентларга ва синтаксемаларга ажратиб таҳлил қилиш методлари, гап қурилмасининг синтактик таҳлили борасидаги ўзбек ва жаҳон тилшунослигидаги олимларнинг лингвистик методлари ўрганилган. Синтаксемаларни аниқлашда таҳлил қилинётган гапдан ташқари, бошқа гапдаги бир хил синтактик ўринда келган элементларнинг функционал мақоми ҳам қиёсланади. Гап қурилмасини таҳлил қилишда синтаксемаларга ажратиб таҳлил қилиш жараёнини, шунингдек, синтаксемаларнинг систем муносабатларини ва уларнинг вариантларини ажратиш турли тизимли тилларда ноаниқ олмошли гапларни қиёсий тадқиқ қилиш асосий база сифатида хизмат қилади.
Ўзбекистон Республикасида ер ресурсларини бошқариш сиёсий тадқиқот объекти сифатида
Authors: Садиков Ҳамид 
Published: May 2021

Ушбу мақолада ер ресурсларининг сиёсий тадқиқот объекти сифатидаги илмий қарашлар, назариялар, таълимотлар, таъриф ва ёндашувлар таҳлил қилинган. Ер ресурсларининг сиёсий жараёнларнинг ажралмас таркибий қисми, давлат суверенитети ва сиёсатининг муҳим манбаси эканлиги асосланган. Ер ресурслари маълум бир этнос (халқ)нинг тарихий жойлашуви ҳудудий-макони, табиий базиси бўлибгина қолмай, балки бошқарувнинг мураккаб ижтимоий-сиёсий ва иқтисодий объекти эканлиги илмий таҳлил қилинган.
Путешествие С.А. Есенина по Европе и Америке. Начало мировой славы поэта
Authors: Балаболова Галина 
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматривается литературно-критический материал, касающийся восприятия творчества С.А. Есенина в период заграничной поездки поэта.
Teaching to draw a nude male body from the front with a pencil drawing
Authors: Sadatov Chori 
Published: May 2021

At present, research is underway to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for teaching the science of calligraphy, a new scientifically based way, form, content and methods, and it is a topical issue. The process of drawing a human body is done step by step. Of course, academic drawing operations are used. It is revealed through the transition from simple to complex.
PENELUSURAN POA ISLAMISASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sueb Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Jika ada pihak yang melontarkan klaim, bahwa terdapat Islam Historis di Indonesia, maka kemungkinan besar akan muncul banyak protes. Pasti, jika satu kebudayaan Islam disebut sebagai historis, maka ia akan menafikan historisitas keberislaman â€˜yang lainâ€™. Apalagi dalam pluralitas keberislaman di tanah air, yang memang sejak awal islamisasi telah menunjukkan perbedaan, baik kultur geografi Nusantara maupun daerah â€˜luarâ€™ dimana Islam datang untuk melakukan konversi. Hanya saja, jika kita percaya akan adanya local genius, atau cultural core (inti pola kebudayaan) di sebuah masyarakat, maka pastilah terdapat satu â€˜ruhâ€™ kebudayaan yang menjadi kesatuan inti dari semua pluralitas tersebut.
Dari sinilah penggalian Islam Historis di Indonesia menjadi urgen. Kebutuhan ini berangkat dari satu postulat, bahwa keindonesiaan Islam kita telahlamamengalami proses dehistorisasi. Sebuah proses ketercerabutan akar baik kesejarahan, otentisitas kebudayaan, maupun genealogi keilmuan, yang membuat Keberislaman kita mengalami â€˜gagapâ€™ dalam menanggapi berbagai gelombang permasalahan yang datang dari luar. Dehistorisasi ini, seperti kita tahu merujuk pada dua gelombang islamisasi sejak abad ke-19 yang menemu ruang pada gerak Wahabisasi dan modernisasi. Ya, memang problematik, sebab Wahabisme sebagai klaimitas pemurnian Islam tentu memiliki â€˜niat suciâ€™ tersendiri, yakni pembersihan normativisme Islam dari berbagai laku akulturatif dengan kebudayaan lokal yang memang sering berasal dari peradaban pra-Islam. Sementara modernisasi, yang mengacu pada usaha rasionalisasi pemikiran keagamaan, bahkan mengklaim diri sebagai usaha menuju Islam Indonesia yang lebih maju. Artinya, jika Islam di Indonesia ingin menemukan bentuk keindonesiaan, maka ia harus melakukan rasionalisasi dari cara berpikir serba klenik, atau meminjam istilah al-Jabiri, â€˜rasionalitas yang irrasionalâ€™, guna menemukan modernitas Indonesia. Kesejarahan Indonesia kemudian dipangkas, hanya pasca lahirnya negara-bangsa, sehingga yang dibutuhkan kemudian modernisasi. Sementara kesejarahan Indonesia yang berangkat dari pergulatan awal (islamisasi), bahkan dilihat sebagai â€˜remah-remahâ€™(remnants) masa lalu yang harus dibabat, demi kecerlangan masa depan.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM IBADAH SHALAT BERJAMAâ€™AH SANTRI USIA REMAJA DI YAYASAN AL-HIKMAH MUSTHOPA PLERED - PURWAKARTA
Authors: Bahri Saiful , Hayaturrohman Hayaturrohman , Mustaqim Mustaqim 
Published: May 2021

Dalam shalat berjamaâ€™ah banyak nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang berorientasi terhadap kesuksesan seseorang dalam berikhtiar untuk kehidupan duniawinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan praktek shalat berjamaâ€™ah dan nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang terkandung dalam ibadah shalat berjamaâ€™ah santri usia remaja di Yayasan Al-Hikmah Mustofa Plered Purwakarta. Jenis penelitian ini deskripstif kualitatif. Dengan teknik pengumpulan berupa teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian di Yayasan Al-Hikmah Mustofa Plered Purwakarta shalat berjamaâ€™ah dapat membentuk santri yang berakhlak, baik Akhlak terhadap Allah, akhlak terhadap manusia, maupun akhlak terhadap alam/lingkungan. Adapun faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan shalat berjamaâ€™ah diantaranya adanya dukungan yang baik dari orangtua, keteladanan yang baik dari guru, dan sikap semangat dari santri serta tanbih yang di tetapkan oleh Yayasan. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah lemahnya kesadaran santri akan manfaat dari melaksanakan shalat berjamaâ€™ah
BATAS MINIMAL MAHAR
Authors: Cumeda Cumeda 
Published: May 2021

Mahar adalah pemberian wajib berupa uang atau barang dari seorang pria kepada wanita dengan sebab pernikahan atau hubungan seksual sebagai lambang kesungguhan dan tanggungjawab. Para ulama fiqh sepakat bahwa tidak ada batas maksimal mahar, tetapi mereka berbeda pendapat mengenai batas minimal mahar. Mazhab Hanafi berpendapat bahwa batas minimal mahar adalah 10 (sepuluh) dirham, sementara mazhab Syafiâ€™i berpendapat mahar itu tidak ada batas minimalnya, bahkan ditegaskan bahwa apapun yang berharga atau dapat dijadikan harga bagi sesuatu atau upah boleh dijadikan mahar, yang penting dalam mahar itu adalah kerelaan istri. Penelitian dalam ini termasuk penelitian kepustakaan dan bersifat deskriptif-komparatif yang berupaya membandingkan dan menelusuri dasar hukum dan argumentasi antara pendapat fiqh Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafiâ€™i tentang batas minimal mahar. Pendapat Mazhab Hanafi yang menyatakan batas minimal mahar adalah sepuluh dirham berdasarkan hadits riwayat Imam Ad-Daraquthniy setelah dilakukan penelitian sederhana adalah hadits dhaâ€™if. Sementara Mazhab Syafiâ€™i yang menyatakan bahwa mahar itu tidak dibatasi dengan nominal tertentu, tetapi segala sesuatu yang bernilai meskipun kecil sah dan dapat dijadikan mahar berargumen dengan hadits riwayat Imam Malik, Imam Syafiâ€™i, Imam Bukhariy, Imam Muslim, Imam Abu Dawud dan Imam Tirmidzi.
CONTROLE QUÍMICO DE DIGITARIA INSULARIS COM HERBICIDA COMBINADO A DIFERENTES ADJUVANTES
Authors: Menegasso Gustavo Dias , Schweig Luis Augusto , Lourenço Edneia Santos de Oliveira 
Published: May 2021

O controle de plantas daninhas é uma prática importante para a obtenção de altos rendimentos em culturas agrícolas. O período de entressafra é favorável para a multiplicação de espécies de Digitaria insularis, que é considerado uma planta de difícil controle, o onde se verifica a seleção e a resistência dessas plantas nas lavouras. Existe um número limitado de princípios ativos registrados no Brasil para o controle de Digitaria insularis. Clethodim é um herbicida sistêmico com alta eficiência, que pode ser utilizado no manejo de D. insularis. Para aumentar a eficiência deste herbicida são utilizados adjuvantes específicos que atuam de diversas formas na calda de pulverização. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem com objetivo avaliar o controle químico da espécie D. insularis com o herbicida clethodim combinado à diferentes adjuvantes. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu-PR em 2018. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), em esquema fatorial composto por 6 doses do adjuvante Li700® e 2 doses do adjuvante Lanzar®, misturados a dose de 0,45 L ha-1 do herbicida clethodim. As avaliações de eficácia agronômica foram efetuadas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação (DAA), empregando-se a escala percentual de controle. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA adotando o software Assistat® , sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância e também por análise de regressão linear. Os resultados mostraram que o clethodim teve eficiência de controle classificada como boa (de 80 a 89% de controle), patamar obtido com a combinação da maior concentração do adjuvante Li700®. Enquanto o adjuvante Lanzar® não diferiu quanto à concentração na calda de pulverização. Sugere-se adotar estratégias para maximizar a eficiência de controle dessa planta daninha, visando garantir que esta planta não continue a desenvolver-se, provocando danos aos cultivos agrícolas.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO PERFIL BIOQUÍMICO DE RATOS SUBMETIDOS A ACUPUNTURA E LASER ACUPUNTURA NOS PONTOS ZUSANLI E YINTANG
Authors: Coelho Iara Alves , Valente Caroline , Cerutti Murilo Luiz 
Published: May 2021

Terapias complementares, como acupuntura e laser acupuntura, têm se destacado na prática médica devido as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), uma vez que essas terapias apresentam efeitos orgânicos positivos. Objetivo comparar acupuntura e laser acupuntura nos acupontos E36 (Zusanli) e EX3 (Yintang) no perfil lipídico e glicêmico em ratos em jejum e sem jejum, bem como nos níveis séricos de cortisona. Ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos (com jejum e sem jejum) e mantidos em biotério com ciclo claro-escuro (12-12 horas), temperatura controlada (22 ± 2 ° C) e livre acesso à água e comida. Os animais permaneceram no laboratório de bioquímica por um período de 1 h para aclimatação. Verificou-se que a laser acupuntura no grupo sem jejum houve aumento significativo nos níveis de colesterol total (CT, 32%) em relação ao controle e acupuntura, HDL-colesterol (HDL-c, 78%) e glicose (18%) apenas ao controle; no grupo com jejum a terapia com laser acupuntura foi observado um aumento significativo no CT e no HDL-c (38 e 39%, respectivamente) e uma diminuição significativa nos níveis séricos de cortisol (30%), todos em relação ao controle. O presente estudo demonstrou respostas significativas com o tratamento a laser nos acupontos E36 (Zusanli) e EX3 (Yintang), quando comparados aos grupos acupuntura e controle. Os presentes achados reforçam a hipótese de que as terapias complementares têm efeitos significativos que podem beneficiar o paciente e devem, portanto, ser estimuladas sempre que possível.
Who’s the greatest of them all?
Authors: Ducheyne Steffen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Who’s the greatest of them all? A non-technical explication of Newton’s method in the Principia accompanied by some philosophical reflections

In this essay, I seek to explicate the methodology which Newton used in the Principia in a non-technical way. Close attention will be paid to some important results in Books I and III of the Principia and to Newton’s argument for universal gravitation. Based on their discussion, Newton’s key inferential strategies will be brought to the fore. In addition, it will be explained how Newton’s methodology differed from a standard hypothetico-deductive method.
Hoe Galileo Galilei de valwet ontdekte, en het verschil dat dit maakt
Authors: Van Dyck Maarten 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

How Galileo Galilei discovered the law of fall, and the difference that this makes

Galileo’s law of fall is one of the crucial building blocks of classical mechanics. The question how this law was discovered has often been a topic of debate. This article offers a reconstruction of the developments within Galileo’s research that led to the discovery of the law. This reconstruction is offered to make a philosophical point regarding the epistemic status of experimental results: Galileo’s experiments can offer sufficient justification for the acceptance of the law of fall only because of their place in a broad research programme.
Hoe zeker is Heisenbergs onzekerheidsprincipe?
Authors: Peijnenburg Jeanne , Atkinson David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

How certain is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle?

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is at the heart of the orthodox or Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. We first sketch the history that led up to the formulation of the principle. Then we recall that there are in fact two uncertainty principles, both dating from 1927, one by Werner Heisenberg and one by Earle Kennard. Finally, we explain that recent work in physics gives reason to believe that the principle of Heisenberg is invalid, while that of Kennard still stands.