bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beneficial effects of an intergenerational exercise intervention on health-related physical and psychosocial outcomes in Swiss preschool children and residential seniors: a clinical trial
Authors: Minghetti Alice , Donath Lars , Zahner Lukas , Hanssen Henner , Faude Oliver 
Published: April 2021

Background
Intergenerational exercise possesses the potential to becoming an innovative strategy for promoting physical activity in seniors and children. Although this approach has gained attraction within the last decade, controlled trials on physical and psychosocial effects have not been performed yet.

Methods
Sixty-eight healthy preschool children (age: 4.9 y (SD 0.7)) and 47 residential seniors (age: 81.7 y (7.1)) participated in this five-armed intervention study. All participants were assigned to either an intergenerational (IG), peer (PG) or a control group (CON). Children were tested on gross motor skills (TGMD-2), jump performance and handgrip strength. Social-emotional skills questionnaires (KOMPIK) were assessed by kindergarten teachers. Seniors performed the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), including gait speed. Arterial stiffness parameters were also examined. Questionnaires assessing psychosocial wellbeing were filled in with staff. IG and PG received one comparable exercise session a week lasting 45 minutes for 25-weeks. CON received no intervention. Measurements were performed before and after the intervention.

Results
In children: IG improved all measured physical parameters. When adjusted for baseline values, large effects were observed in favor of IG compared to CON in TGMD-2 (Cohen’s d=0.78 [0.33;1.24]) and in handgrip strength (d = 1.07 [0.63;1.51]). No relevant differences were found in KOMPIK between groups (−0.38<d≤0.14). In seniors: IG showed moderate to very large improvements in all main physical performance (0.61<d≤2.53) and psychosocial parameters (0.89<d≤1.20) compared to CON.

Conclusion
IG children showed large benefits in motor skills compared to CON while IG seniors benefit especially in psychosocial wellbeing and functional mobility necessary for everyday life. Intergenerational exercise is comparable and in certain dimensions superior to peer group exercise and a promising strategy to integratively improve mental health as well as physical fitness in preschool children and residential seniors.
Transcriptomics analysis reveals the effect of Broussonetia papyrifera L. fermented feed on meat quality traits in fattening lamb
Authors: An Xuejiao , Zhang Shengwei , Li Taotao , Chen Nana , Wang Xia , Zhang Baojun , Ma Youji 
Published: April 2021

To date, utilization of feed grains is increasing, which competes for human food. It is imperative to develop and utilize unconventional feed materials. Broussonetia papyrifera L. (B. papyrifera) is a good feeding material with high crude protein, crude fat, and low crude fiber, which is widely distributed in China. In this study, 12 Dorper ♂×Hu ♀ crossbred weaned male lambs were seleted into four groups based on the feed that ratio of the B. papyrifera fermented feed in the total mixed diet (0%, 6%, 18%, and 100%), to character the lambs’ longissimus dorsi (LD) fatty acids, morphology and transcriptome. Results showed that the muscle fiber’s diameter and area were the smallest in the 100% group. The highest content of beneficial fatty acids and the lowest content of harmful fatty acids in group 18%. RNA-seq identified 443 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LD of lambs from 4 groups. Among these genes, 169 (38.1%) were up-regulated and 274 (61.9%) were down-regulated. The DEGs were mostly enriched in in fatty acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathways. Our results provide knowledge to understand effect of different ratios of B. papyrifera fermented feed on sheep meat quality traits, also a basis for understanding of the molecular regulation mechanism of B. papyrifera fermented feed affecting on sheep meat quality.
Ambient ozone pollution at a coal chemical industry city in the border of Loess Plateau and Mu Us Desert: characteristics, sensitivity analysis and control strategies
Authors: Yin Manfei , Zhang Xin , Li Yunfeng , Fan Kai , Li Hong , Gao Rui , Li Jinjuan 
Published: April 2021

In this study, ambient ozone (O3) pollution characteristics and sensitivity analysis were carried out in Yulin, a city in the central area of the Loess Plateau during 2017 to 2019 summer. O3 concentrations increased for 2017 to 2019. Correlation and statistics analysis indicated high temperature (T > 25 °C, low relative humidity (RH < 60%), and low wind speed (WS < 3 m/s) were favorable for O3 formation and accumulation, and the O3 pollution days (MDA8 O3 > 160 µg/m3) were predominantly observed when the wind was traveling from the easterly and southerly. O3 concentration in urban area of Yulin was higher than that in background. The pollution air masses from Fenwei Plain increase the level and duration of O3 pollution. In order to clarify the formation mechanism and source of O3, online measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted from 7 July to 10 August in 2019. The average of VOCs concentration was 26 ± 12 ppbv, and large amounts of alkenes followed by aromatics, characteristic pollutants of the coal chemical industry, were detected in the ambient air. To further measure the sensitivity, the observation-based model (OBM) simulation was conducted. Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) plot and relative incremental reactivity (RIR) value indicated Yulin located on VOCs-limited regime. That implied a slight decrease of NOx may increase O3 concentration. When the emission reduction ratio of anthropogenic VOCs/NOx higher than 1:1, the O3 will decrease. O3 control strategies analysis shows that the O3 targets of 5% and 10% O3 concentration reductions are achievable through precursor control, but more effort is needed to reach the 30% and 40% reduction control targets.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key insights into male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
Authors: Yu Yan , Jiang Yuanyuan , Wang Long , Wu Yichao , Liao Jinqiu , Zhong Mingzhi , Yang Ruiwu , Chen Xingfu , Li Qingmiao , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2021

Background
Large-scale heterosis breeding depends upon stable, inherited male sterility lines. We accidentally discovered a male sterility line (SW-S) in the F1progeny of a Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge from Shandong, China (purple flowers) crossed with a S. miltiorrhiza f. alba from Sichuan, China (white flowers). We sought to provide insights into the pollen development for male sterility in S. miltiorrhiza.

Methods
The phenotypic and cytological features of the SW-S and fertile control SW-F were observed using scanning electron microscopy and paraffin sections to identify the key stage of male sterility. Transcriptome profiles were recorded for anthers at the tetrad stage of SW-S and SW-F using Illumina RNA-Seq.

Results
The paraffin sections showed that sterility mainly occurred at the tetrad stage of microspore development, during which the tapetum cells in the anther compartment completely fell off and gradually degraded in the sterile line. There was little-to-no callose deposited around the microspore cells. The tetrad microspore was shriveled and had abnormal morphology. Therefore, anthers at the tetrad stage of SW-S and fertile control SW-F were selected for comparative transcriptome analysis. In total, 266,722,270 clean reads were obtained from SW-S and SW-F, which contained 36,534 genes. There were 2,571 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SW-S and SW-F, of which 63.5% were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in 56 functional groups (GO terms); of these, all DEGs involved in microgametogenesis and developmental maturation were downregulated in SW-S. These results were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. The two GO terms contained 18 DEGs, among which eight DEGs (namely: GPAT3, RHF1A, phosphatidylinositol, PFAS, MYB96, MYB78, Cals5, and LAT52) were related to gamete development. There were 10 DEGs related to development and maturation, among which three genes were directly related to pollen development (namely: ACT3, RPK2, and DRP1C). Therefore, we believe that these genes are directly or indirectly involved in the pollen abortion of SW-S. Our study provides insight into key genes related to sterility traits in S. miltiorrhiza, and the results can be further exploited in functional and mechanism studies.
Nutritional Value of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Meat
Authors: Abdel- Mobdy H. E. , Abdel-Aal H. A. , Souzan S. L. , Nassar A. G. 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to figure out catfish meat's chemical composition, mineral content, amino acid composition, and fatty acid profile. Moisture, protein, lipid, and ash content were measured at 71.30%, 19.03%, 8.10%, and 1.5%, respectively. Catfish meat had higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, and iron, with 304.82, 279.45 and 17.03 mg/100 g, respectively. The essential amino acid content was 41.81 g/100g protein. Oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the most common fatty acids present in catfish meat. Oleic acid made up more than a third of the fatty acid content in catfish meat. Because of its high oleic acid content, catfish meat should be considered because it has been linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.
SIR Model Parameters Estimation with COVID-19 Data
Authors: Roberty Nilson C. , Araujo Lucas S. F. de 
Published: April 2021

Based on the SIR model that divides the population into susceptible, infected and removed individuals, data about the evolution of the pandemic compiled by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (JHUCSSE) are integrated into the numerical system solution. The system parameters Rate of Contact β, Basic Reproduction Number R0 and Removal Rate γ, also named Rate of Decay, are determined according to a ridge regression approach and a mobile statistical scheme with different averages. Data is automatically downloaded from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19. The main Python libraries used are Numpy, Pandas, Skit-Learn, Requests and Urllib.
Energy Assessment of Rice- Wheat Cropping Systems in Agro-Climatic Zone-1 of Haryana State
Authors: Sharma Parmod , Yadvika . , Verma Kanishk , Yadav Y. K. , Ravi . 
Published: April 2021

The aim of study to examined the operation-wise and source wise energy use in wheat and rice crop production. Present study was conducted in four districts of Haryana namely Kurukshetra, Karnal, Kaithal and Sonipat, which are situated at the bank of Yamuna canal and comes under agro climatic zone-1. In this study total 1080 farmers from 120 villages in different categories (360 from each group) were interviewed and information on various input in wheat and rice crop production was collected during winter and rainy seasons consecutive two years i.e. 2018-19 and 2019-20. Based on the collected information, all the cultural practices in wheat and rice crop production were identified and converted into energy by using standard energy equivalents. Results showed that total operation-wise energy expenditure by large, medium and small farmer's was 43693.82, 42557.21 and 41915.70 MJ/ha respectively in rice crop production. In case of wheat crop cultivation total operation-wise energy consumed by large, medium and small farmer's was 26472.74, 26576.39 and 25644.18 MJ/ha respectively. In both the crop production irrigation and fertilizer share more than 75 % of the total energy. Fertilizer alone accounted approximately 40 % 0f total energy followed by irrigation and it was also estimated that large group farmer's consumed more energy as compared to medium and small categories farmers in cultivation of rice and wheat crop. Total source-wise energy expenditure by large, medium and small farmer's was 39402.40, 36579.49 and 36332.21.70 MJ/ha respectively in rice crop production. In case of wheat crop cultivation total source-wise energy consumed by large, medium and small farmer's was 19969.47, 20486.03 and 20180.73 MJ/ha respectively. From the study it was concluded that energy consumption has a positive relationship with the yield.
Adaptive event‐triggered consensus control of multi‐agent systems with prescribed performance and input quantization
Authors: Wang Wei , Ma Hui , Basin Michael V. , Liang Hongjing 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis paper focuses on the adaptive fuzzy event‐triggered consensus control problem for multi‐agent systems (MAS) with prescribed performance and input quantization. Based on a prescribed performance function and an input quantization decomposition method, a new adaptive fuzzy event‐triggered consensus protocol is presented. The instances in the event‐triggered mechanism are triggered only when the event‐triggered error exceeds a specified threshold, which can save limited communication resources. It is demonstrated that the event‐triggered control protocol ensures that all signals in the MAS are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded. As a result, the consensus tracking errors converge to prescribed limits. Finally, simulation examples are provided to validate effectiveness of the proposed event‐triggered control methods.
An Inorganic/Organic S‐Scheme Heterojunction H2‐Production Photocatalyst and its Charge Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Cheng Chang , He Bowen , Fan Jiajie , Cheng Bei , Cao Shaowen , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInspired by natural photosynthesis, constructing inorganic/organic heterojunctions is regarded as an effective strategy to design high‐efficiency photocatalysts. Herein, a step (S)‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst is prepared by in situ growth of an inorganic semiconductor firmly on an organic semiconductor. A new pyrene‐based conjugated polymer, pyrene‐alt‐triphenylamine (PT), is synthesized via the typical Suzuki–Miyaura reactions, and then employed as a substrate to anchor CdS nanocrystals. The optimized CdS/PT composite, coupling 2 wt% PT with CdS, exhibits a robust H2 evolution rate of 9.28 mmol h−1 g−1 with continuous release of H2 bubbles, as well as a high apparent quantum efficiency of 24.3%, which is ≈8 times that of pure CdS. The S‐scheme charge transfer mechanism between PT and CdS, is systematically demonstrated by photoirradiated Kelvin probe measurement and in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. This work provides a protocol for preparing specific S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts on the basis of inorganic/organic coupling.
Structure‐Guided Design of G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor Polypharmacology
Authors: Kampen Stefanie , Duy Vo Duc , Zhang Xiaoqun , Panel Nicolas , Yang Yunting , Jaiteh Mariama , Matricon Pierre , Svenningsson Per , Brea Jose , Loza Maria Isabel , Kihlberg Jan , Carlsson Jens 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany diseases are polygenic and can only be treated efficiently with drugs that modulate multiple targets. However, rational design of compounds with multi‐target profiles is rarely pursued because it is considered too difficult, in particular if the drug must enter the central nervous system. Here, a structure‐based strategy to identify dual‐target ligands of G‐protein‐coupled receptors is presented. We use this approach to design compounds that both antagonize the A2A adenosine receptor and activate the D2 dopamine receptor, which have excellent potential as antiparkinson drugs. Atomic resolution models of the receptors guided generation of a chemical library with compounds designed to occupy orthosteric and secondary binding pockets in both targets. Structure‐based virtual screens identified ten compounds, of which three had affinity for both targets. One of these scaffolds was optimized to nanomolar dual‐target activity and showed the predicted pharmacodynamic effect in a rat model of Parkinsonism.
Highly Efficient Electrofluorescence Material Based on Pure Organic Phosphor Sensitization**
Authors: Wang Jiaxuan , Liang Baoyan , Wei Jinbei , Li Zhiqiang , Xu Yincai , Yang Tong , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPure organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are considered as potential candidates for replacing precious metal complexes to fabricate highly efficient organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). However, applications of the reported RTP materials in OLEDs are seriously impeded by their low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in a thin film state. To overcome these obstacles, we established a new strategy to construct highly efficient OLEDs based on a pure organic RTP material sensitized fluorescence emitter by selecting benzimidazole‐triazine molecules (PIM‐TRZ), 2,6‐di(phenothiazinyl)naphthalene (β‐DPTZN), and 5,6,11,12‐tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) as host, phosphor sensitizer, and fluorescent emitter, respectively. The perfect combination of host, phosphorescent sensitizer, and fluorescent emitter in the emitting layer ensure the outstanding performance of the devices with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.7 %.
Controllable Cu0‐Cu+ Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Yuan Xintong , Chen Sai , Cheng Dongfang , Li Lulu , Zhu Wenjin , Zhong Dazhong , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Li Jingkun , Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCu‐based electrocatalysts facilitate CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER) to produce multi‐carbon products. However, the roles of Cu0 and Cu+ and the mechanistic understanding remain elusive. This paper describes the controllable construction of Cu0‐Cu+ sites derived from the well‐dispersed cupric oxide particles supported on copper phyllosilicate lamella to enhance CO2ER performance. 20 % Cu/CuSiO3 shows the superior CO2ER performance with 51.8 % C2H4 Faraday efficiency at −1.1 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode during the 6 hour test. In situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to elucidate the reaction mechanism. The enhancement in CO2ER activity is mainly attributed to the synergism of Cu0‐Cu+ pairs: Cu0 activates CO2 and facilitates the following electron transfers; Cu+ strengthens *CO adsorption to further boost C−C coupling. We provide a strategy to rationally design Cu‐based catalysts with viable valence states to boost CO2ER.
Room‐Temperature Synthesis of a Hollow Microporous Organic Polymer Bearing Activated Alkyne IR Probes for Nonradical Thiol‐yne Click‐Based Post‐Functionalization
Authors: Park Jong In , Jang June Young , Ko Yoon‐Joo , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Jang Hye‐Young , Ko Kyoung Chul , Son Seung Uk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work shows that hollow microporous organic polymer (H‐MOP‐A) with activated internal alkynes as IR probes can be prepared by template synthesis based on acyl Sonogashira‐Hagihara coupling at room temperature. The H‐MOP‐A is a versatile platform in the main chain PSM based on nonradical thiol‐yne click reaction. Moreover, an IR peak of internal alkynes in the H‐MOP‐A is very intense and could be utilized in the monitoring of thiol‐yne click‐based main chain PSM. The functionalized H‐MOP‐A with carboxylic acids (H‐MOP‐CA) showed efficient adsorption toward Ag+ ions. The resultant H‐MOP‐CA‐Ag showed excellent performance in the CO2 fixation to α‐alkylidene cyclic compounds.
Variations in the venous supply of the floor of the oral cavity: Assessment of relative hemorrhage risk during surgery
Authors: Katsumi Yuji , Takagi Ristuo , Ohshima Hayato 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is little anatomical evidence about the venous plexus in the floor of the oral cavity, although venous injury can elicit late postoperative bleeding after oral surgery and it is difficult to identify the exact location of such an injury. The aim of this study was to assess the relative risk for venous injury during surgery. We investigated the course patterns of the venous plexus in the floor of the oral cavity and analyzed their relationships to those of the arteries using 23 human cadavers (41 halves) in the anatomy course at Niigata University during 2016–2018. The venous plexus in the floor of the oral cavity comprised the perforating submental vein, the vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve, the vena comitans of the submandibular duct, the vena comitans of the lingual nerve, the sublingual vein, and the deep lingual vein. Individual variations of this plexus include duplications or absences of some veins. There is a high incidence of a submental branch running above the mylohyoid or perforating submental artery in the sublingual fossa among individuals with the perforating submental vein piercing the mylohyoid muscle, whereas the sublingual artery has a high incidence there when there is no perforating submental vein. The course patterns of arteries in the floor of the oral cavity can be predicted by estimating the course patterns of the submental veins. The course patterns of the submental veins or veins associated with the nerves and submandibular duct need to be carefully considered during surgery.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Surface‐Confined Redox Molecules by Mediation‐Based Amplification
Authors: Mayall Robert M. , Marenco Armando J. , Kilgore Madison , Birss Viola I. , Creager Stephen E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrace‐level quantification of redox molecules on electrode surfaces is of great importance in multiple fields, including in electrocatalysis and sensing. Using the classical ferrocene/ferrocyanide redox‐mediation‐based electrochemical amplification method as a proof of concept, ferrocene‐terminated alkanethiols, embedded in alkanethiol‐based self‐assembled monolayers, were quantified at levels approaching 10−14 mol cm−2 (ca. 60 molecules per square micron) by combining experimental (cyclic voltammetry) and computational (digital simulation of voltammetric behavior) approaches. Quantification at these ultra‐low ferrocene surface coverages was achieved via simulated calibration curves of the ferrocyanide oxidation peak potential vs log(ferrocene thiol surface coverage) that extend the limit for immobilized ferrocene quantification by more than an order of magnitude relative to the smallest amount that can be reliably quantified by integration of the ferrocene oxidation/reduction peaks in a supporting electrolyte by monolayer cyclic voltammetry. The simulations provide important clues regarding which monolayer property changes could be expected to further extend the detection limit of immobilized redox molecules.
Heptacene: Synthesis and Its Hole‐Transfer Property in Stable Thin Films
Authors: Miyazaki Takaaki , Watanabe Motonori , Matsushima Toshinori , Chien Ching‐Ting , Adachi Chihaya , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Furuta Hiroyuki , Chow Tahsin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeptacene (1) has been produced via a monoketone precursor, 2, which was prepared from 1,2,4,5‐tetrabromobenzene in nine steps in a total yield of 10 %. Compound 2 was converted to 1 quantitatively by heating at 202 °C. Heptacene exhibited high thermal stability in the solid state without any observable change over two months. To investigate the potential value of 1 as a material for p‐type organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), top‐contact OFET devices were fabricated by vacuum deposition of 1 onto a hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)/SiO2/Si substrate. The best hole mobility performance was 2.2 cm2 V−1 s−1. This is the first report of stable heptacene being used in an effective device and examined for its charge carrier properties.