bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare and Complex Epilepsies from Childhood to Adulthood: Requirements for Separate Management or Scope for a Lifespan Holistic Approach?
Authors: Balestrini Simona , Guerrini Renzo , Sisodiya Sanjay M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
In this descriptive review, we describe current models of transition in rare and complex epilepsy syndromes and propose alternative approaches for more holistic management based on disease biology.

Recent Findings
Previously published guidance and recommendations on transition strategies in individuals with epilepsy have not been systematically and uniformly applied. There is significant heterogeneity in models of transition/transfer of care across countries and even within the same country.

Summary
We provide examples of the most severe epilepsy and related syndromes and emphasise the limited data on their outcome in adulthood. Rare and complex epilepsy syndromes have unique presentations and require high levels of expertise and multidisciplinary approach. Lifespan clinics, with no transition, but instead continuity of care from childhood to adulthood with highly specialised input from healthcare providers, may represent an alternative effective approach. Effectiveness should be measured by evaluation of quality of life for both patients and their families/caregivers.
Self-awareness in Dementia: a Taxonomy of Processes, Overview of Findings, and Integrative Framework
Authors: Mograbi Daniel C. , Huntley Jonathan , Critchley Hugo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Self-awareness, the capacity of becoming the object of one’s own awareness, has been a frontier of knowledge, but only recently scientific approaches to the theme have advanced. Self-awareness has important clinical implications, and a finer understanding of this concept may improve the clinical management of people with dementia. The current article aims to explore self-awareness, from a neurobiological perspective, in dementia.

Recent Findings
A taxonomy of self-awareness processes is presented, discussing how these can be structured across different levels of cognitive complexity. Findings on self-awareness in dementia are reviewed, indicating the relative preservation of capacities such as body ownership and agency, despite impairments in higher-level cognitive processes, such as autobiographical memory and emotional regulation.

Summary
An integrative framework, based on predictive coding and compensatory abilities linked to the resilience of self-awareness in dementia, is discussed, highlighting possible avenues for future research into the topic.
Clinical challenges in the management of endocrine side effects of immuno-oncological therapies
Authors: Wolf Peter , Scherer Thomas 
Published: November 2021

SummaryGiven the growing use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in oncology, the prevalence of endocrine side effects is rapidly increasing. As clinicians are nowadays frequently confronted with these side effects in routine clinical care, awareness, better knowledge of endocrine irAEs and their clinical presentation and diagnosis is crucial for an adequate management. In this short-review we give a compact overview of the recent recommendations for the management of endocrine irAE related to ICIs and highlight difficulties and uncertainties in current clinical practice.
ProFiT: eine MS-basierte Methode zur Skelettmuskelfasertypisierung
Authors: Kallabis Sebastian , Krüger Marcus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle tissue is composed of different fiber types which differ in their metabolic activity and molecular expression patterns. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed muscle fiber-specific traits but the number of detected proteins is limited due to low protein abundance and high dynamic range. We have developed a new LC-MS/MS method to circumvent the bottleneck of low protein abundance and we have applied this method to measure fiber type-specific phosphoproteomes for the first time.
Die Proteinausstattung eines einzelnen pflanzlichen Mitochondriums
Authors: Hildebrandt Tatjana , Meyer Etienne , Schwarzländer Markus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe structure and function of mitochondria have been characterized with increasing precision. How the protein inventory defines the characteristics of the organelle remains insufficiently understood, however. Recently we devised a quantitative proteomic approach to estimate the copy numbers of proteins in a single plant mitochondrion, as physical operational unit in the cell. We illustrate how such a simple thought experiment can give fascinating insights into how a mitochondrion works.
Epidemisches Versagen: Warum Staaten und internationale Organisationen wiederholt bei der Bekämpfung von Epidemien scheitern
Authors: Richter Dirk , Zürcher Simeon 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungWarum haben Staaten und internationale Organisationen wiederholt bei der Epidemiebekämpfung versagt? Wir analysieren das Vorgehen währen der Ebolaepidemie und der SARS-CoV‑2-Pandemie. In beiden Fällen erfolgte die Reaktion im Rahmen eines Zyklus epidemischen Versagens (ZEV) mit folgenden Phasen: Vernachlässigung, Arroganz/Leugnung, Panik und Analyse/Selbstkritik. Zentrale Ursachen für den ZEV sind die Ökologie (v.a. die Vernachlässigung von Zoonosen), die Politik (v.a. negative Anreize bei der Epidemiebekämpfung), sozioökonomische Kontexte, die menschliche Psychologie (v.a. kognitive Verzerrungen) sowie erkenntnistheoretische Probleme (v.a. der Rückgriff auf die Erfahrungen früherer Epidemien).
O-GlcNAcylation links oncogenic signals and cancer epigenetics
Authors: Sun Lidong , Lv Suli , Song Tanjing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevalent dysregulation of epigenetic modifications plays a pivotal role in cancer. Targeting epigenetic abnormality is a new strategy for cancer therapy. Understanding how conventional oncogenic factors cause epigenetic abnormality is of great basic and translational value. O-GlcNAcylation is a protein modification which affects physiology and pathophysiology. In mammals, O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by one single enzyme OGT and removed by one single enzyme OGA. O-GlcNAcylation is affected by the availability of the donor, UDP-GlcNAc, generated by the serial enzymatic reactions in the hexoamine biogenesis pathway (HBP). O-GlcNAcylation regulates a wide spectrum of substrates including many proteins involved in epigenetic modification. Like epigenetic modifications, abnormality of O-GlcNAcylation is also common in cancer. Studies have revealed substantial impact on HBP enzymes and OGT/OGA by oncogenic signals. In this review, we will first summarize how oncogenic signals regulate HBP enzymes, OGT and OGA in cancer. We will then integrate this knowledge with the up to date understanding how O-GlcNAcylation regulates epigenetic machinery. With this, we propose a signal axis from oncogenic signals through O-GlcNAcylation dysregulation to epigenetic abnormality in cancer. Further elucidation of this axis will not only advance our understanding of cancer biology but also provide new revenues towards cancer therapy.
Product, Medicinal Product, Basic Patent: The Relationship of Concepts in Regulation 469/2009 Overlooked by the CJEU
Authors: Szczepanowska-Kozłowska Krystyna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe CJEU Santen judgment defined the concept of a product for the purposes of Regulation 469/2009 on the supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products (Regulation (EC) No. 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 concerning the supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products (Codified version), [2009] OJ L152/1, as last amended by Regulation (EU) 2019/933 of 20 May 2019, [2019] OJ L153/1). Leaving aside the practical implications of this judgment in terms of the possibility of obtaining a supplementary protection certificate for a product protected by a patent for a second or further medical application (“application patent”), it is worth considering the reasoning the Court relies on to arrive at the thesis it formulates. While the Court’s response and the resulting impact will be treated differently depending on whether the actual extension of patent protection in the pharmaceutical industry is assessed as appropriate and desirable or whether the justification for said protection is questioned, the manner in which the provisions of Regulation 469/2009 are proposed to be interpreted raises doubts as to whether the final outcome of the interpretation is correct.
The divisiveness of Chinese identities in Singapore
Authors: Ng Ashton 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn July 2019, the Jamestown Foundation, an American think tank, published a report accusing China of imposing a Chinese identity onto Singapore through propaganda and influence operations. In this article, I argue that the Jamestown report is factually inaccurate and is itself an influence operation aimed at engendering distrust towards China. The re-discovery of a Chinese cultural identity by some Chinese Singaporeans—from Lee Kuan Yew to Nathan Hartono—is fuelled not by China’s clandestine influence operations, but by an intrinsic desire to mend ruptures in one's cultural heritage. Historically, the Chinese in Singapore have discarded or re-adopted their Chinese cultural identities depending on the degree to which contact is kept with China. When contact with China diminishes, successive generations of Singapore Chinese inevitably cease to identify China as a cultural motherland. When contact with China resumes, the Chinese in Singapore have frequently become divided, split into those who culturally identify as Chinese and those who do not. Since the 1978 reform and opening-up of China, the restoration of contact between China and Singapore have led to a rekindling of interest amongst Chinese Singaporeans in their cultural identities. This rekindling yields three major consequences. Firstly, Chinese Singaporeans may become further divided in terms of their cultural identity, with de-Sinicised, monolingual English speakers on one extreme and re-Sinicised, cultural Chinese on the other. Secondly, successive generations of re-Sinicised Singaporeans may grow up imbibing China’s cultural exports, thereby becoming less distinct from their mainland Chinese counterparts. Thirdly, Singapore’s government will remain incentivised to continually emphasise the distinctness of the Chinese Singaporean identity from Chinese elsewhere.
Missile guidance with assisted deep reinforcement learning for head-on interception of maneuvering target
Authors: Li Weifan , Zhu Yuanheng , Zhao Dongbin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn missile guidance, pursuit performance is seriously degraded due to the uncertainty and randomness in target maneuverability, detection delay, and environmental noise. In many methods, accurately estimating the acceleration of the target or the time-to-go is needed to intercept the maneuvering target, which is hard in an environment with uncertainty. In this paper, we propose an assisted deep reinforcement learning (ARL) algorithm to optimize the neural network-based missile guidance controller for head-on interception. Based on the relative velocity, distance, and angle, ARL can control the missile to intercept the maneuvering target and achieve large terminal intercept angle. To reduce the influence of environmental uncertainty, ARL predicts the target’s acceleration as an auxiliary supervised task. The supervised learning task improves the ability of the agent to extract information from observations. To exploit the agent’s good trajectories, ARL presents the Gaussian self-imitation learning to make the mean of action distribution approach the agent’s good actions. Compared with vanilla self-imitation learning, Gaussian self-imitation learning improves the exploration in continuous control. Simulation results validate that ARL outperforms traditional methods and proximal policy optimization algorithm with higher hit rate and larger terminal intercept angle in the simulation environment with noise, delay, and maneuverable target.
Revealing the component structure of the world air transportation network
Authors: Diop Issa Moussa , Cherifi Chantal , Diallo Cherif , Cherifi Hocine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAir transportation plays an essential role in the global economy. Therefore, there is a great deal of work to understand better the complex network formed by the links between the origins and destinations of flights. Some investigations show that the world air transportation network exhibits a community and a core-periphery structure. Although precious, these representations do not distinguish the inter-regional (global) web of connections from the regional (local) one. Therefore, we propose a new mesoscopic model called the component structure that decomposes the network into local and global components. Local components are the dense areas of the network, and global components are the nodes and links bridging the local components. As a case study, we consider the unweighted and undirected world air transportation network. Experiments show that it contains seven large local components and multiple small ones spatially well-defined. Moreover, it has a main global component covering the world. We perform an extensive comparative analysis of the structure of the components. Results demonstrate the non-homogeneous nature of the world air transportation network. The local components structure highlights regional differences, and the global component organization captures the efficiency of inter-regional travel. Centrality analysis of the components allows distinguishing airports centered on regional destinations from those focused on inter-regional exchanges. Core analysis is more accurate in the components than in the whole network where Europe dominates, blurring the rest of the world. Besides the world air transportation network, this paper demonstrates the potential of the component decomposition for modeling and analyzing the mesoscale structure of networks.
Anisotropy of turbulent flow behind an asymmetric airfoil
Authors: Yanovych Vitalii , Duda Daniel , Uruba Vaclav , Antoš Pavel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFeature of turbulent flow anisotropy behavior behind an asymmetric NACA 64-618 airfoil investigated in this paper. Experimental studies were performed using a hot-wire anemometery with X-probe at the chord-based Reynolds number $$1.7 \times 10^5$$

1.7
×

10
5

. The average ensemble velocity and Reynolds stress components are used to determine the wake topology and anisotropy of turbulence. The obtained data allowed to identify the outside wake region, which is characterized by low instability and a high degree of anisotropy of the turbulent flow. This tendency is observed at different angles incident. Further, to gain better insight into the physics of this phenomenon the structure of turbulence have been evaluated. Integral turbulence length and time scales were estimated by the area of the autocorrelation function of velocity fluctuations. Then, using the second-order structural function, we obtained the dissipation characteristics of the flow. In addition, the features of the energy spectrum in the region with high and low degrees of turbulence anisotropy were analyzed.
Removal of wood extractives as pulp (pre-)treatment: a technological review
Authors: Lehr Maximilian , Miltner Martin , Friedl Anton 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWood extractives usually do not exceed five percent of dry wood mass but can be a serious issue for pulping as well as for the pulp itself. They cause contamination and damages to process equipment and negatively influence pulp quality. This paper addresses not only the extractives-related problems but also different solutions for these issues. It is an extensive review of different technologies for removing wood extractives, starting with methods prior to pulping. Several wood yard operations like debarking, knot separation, and wood seasoning are known to significantly decreasing the amount of wood extractives. Biological treatment has also been proven as a feasible method for reducing the extractives content before pulping, but quite hard to handle. During pulping, the extractives reduction efficiency depends on the pulping method. Mechanical pulping removes the accessory compounds of wood just slightly, but chemical pulping, on the other hand, removes them to a large extent. Organosolv pulping even allows almost complete removal of wood extractives. The residual extractives content can be significantly reduced by pulp bleaching. Nevertheless, different extraction-based methods have been developed for removing wood extractives before pulping or bleaching. They range from organic-solvent-based extractions to novel processes like supercritical fluid extractions, ionic liquids extractions, microwave technology, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Although these methods deliver promising results and allow utilization of wood extractives in most cases, they suffer from many drawbacks towards an economically viable industrial-scale design, concluding that further research has to be done on these topics.Graphical abstract
A Review on the Effect of Soil Compaction and its Management for Sustainable Crop Production
Authors: Shaheb Md Rayhan , Venkatesh Ramarao , Shearer Scott A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeSustainable crop production could contribute to feed and fuel for the ever-increasing global population. The use of heavy agricultural machinery has improved the efficiency of farming operations and increased global food production since the 1950s. But their negative impact on soil includes changing soil structure resulting in deteriorating soil productivity and environmental quality is being noticed for several decades. The purpose of this review is to summarize and help to better understand the effect of heavy machinery, tire inflation pressure, and field traffic on soil properties and crop development, yield, and economics of different farming systems published in the last 20 years.MethodsSearch engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online, Taylor & Francis Online, Academia, and Research Gate platforms were used to collect and review the articles. This review includes indexed journals, conference and symposium proceedings, reports, academic presentations, and thesis/dissertations.ResultsSoil compaction increases bulk density and soil strength and reduces soil porosity and soil hydraulic properties. Stunted plant root growth due to compaction of soil affects crop growth and development, and yield. Soil compaction resulting from heavy machinery traffic caused a significant crop yield reduction of as much as 50% or even more, depending upon the magnitude and the severity of compaction of the soil.ConclusionsHigh gross weight vehicles/machinery traffic damages soil structure and soil environment that are critical for sustainable crop production. The use of heavy machinery such as subsoiling for removing soil compaction results in more fuel use, increased use of energy, cost, and sometimes risks of re-compaction, further deteriorating soil conditions and causing additional adverse environmental consequences. The economics of different farming systems affected by soil compaction, potential soil compaction management strategies, and future research needs have also been discussed.
Circular Economy Business Models: a Repertoire of Theoretical Relationships and a Research Agenda
Authors: De Angelis Roberta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe shift towards a more resource efficient circular economy has become a necessity in the wake of current ecological, economic and social sustainability challenges. Mirroring circular-related developments in policy and business quarters, the circular economy literature is growing as a distinct field of academic enquiry. Yet, the conceptual and theoretical foundations of circular economy thinking need consolidation. Drawing from strategic management, sustainability transitions and systems theories, this article establishes some theoretical anchoring for circular economy business models. It finds that circular business models contribute to an understanding of both competitive advantage and the systemic nature of business. It also develops a future agenda for management research at the interface between the circular economy and business models.
Classification of drugs based on mechanism of action using machine learning techniques
Authors: Gururaj H. L. , Flammini Francesco , Kumari H. A. Chaya , Puneeth G. R. , Kumar B. R. Sunil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mechanism of action is an important aspect of drug development. It can help scientists in the process of drug discovery. This paper provides a machine learning model to predict the mechanism of action of a drug. The machine learning models used in this paper are Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbors (Type A and Type B), Multi-label K-Nearest Neighbors and a custom neural network. These machine learning models are evaluated using the mean column-wise log loss. The custom neural network model had the best accuracy with a log loss of 0.01706. This neural network model is integrated into a web application using Flask framework. A user can upload a custom testing features dataset, which contains the gene expression and the cell viability levels. The web application will output the top classes of drugs, along with the scatter plots for each of the drug.
Serum Biomarkers and Classification and Regression Trees Can Discriminate Symptomatic from Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Trikouraki Aikaterini , Yova Dido , Pouliakis Abraham , Spathis Aris , Moulakakis Konstantinos G. , Matsopoulos Georgios 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
To assess biomarkers between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, and to construct a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm for their discrimination.

Patients and Methods
136 patients were enrolled. They were symptomatic (high risk) (N = 82, stenosis degree ≥ 50%, proven to be responsible for ischemic stroke the last six months) and asymptomatic (low risk) (N = 54, stenosis degree ≤ 50%). Levels of fibrinogen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (SiCAM), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (SvCAM), adiponectin and insulin were measured on a Luminex 3D platform and their differences were evaluated; subsequently, a CART model was created and evaluated.

Results
All measured biomarkers, except adiponectin, had significantly higher levels in symptomatic patients. The constructed CART prognostic model had 97.6% discrimination accuracy on symptomatic patients and 79.6% on asymptomatic, while the overall accuracy was 90.4%. Moreover, the population was split into training and test sets for CART validation.

Conclusion
Significant differences were found in the biomarkers between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The CART model proved to be a simple decision-making algorithm linked with risk probabilities and provided evidence to identify and, therefore, treat patients being at high risk for cardiovascular disease.