bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age is the Main Determinant of COVID-19 Related in-Hospital Mortality with Minimal Impact of Pre-Existing Comorbidities: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Henkens M.T.H.M. , Raafs A.G. , Verdonschot J.A.J. , Linschoten M. , Smeden M. van , Wang P. , Hooft B.H.M. van der , Tieleman R. , Janssen M.L.F. , Bekke R.M.A. ter , Hazebroek M.R. , Horst I.C.C. van der , Asselbergs F.W. , Magdelijns F.J.H. , Heymans S.R.B. , consortium the CAPACITY-COVID collaborative 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Age and comorbidities increase COVID-19 related in-hospital mortality risk, but the extent by which comorbidities mediate the impact of age remains unknown. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study of 45 Dutch hospitals, 4,806 proven COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Dutch hospitals (between February and July 2020) from the CAPACITY-COVID registry were included (age 69 [58-77] years, 64% men). The primary outcome was defined as a combination of in-hospital mortality or discharge with palliative care. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the associations between sex, age, and comorbidities with in-hospital mortality. The effect of comorbidities on the relation of age with in-hospital mortality was evaluated using mediation analysis.Results: In-hospital COVID-19 related mortality occurred in 1,108 (23%) patients, 836 (76%) were aged ≥70 years (70+). Both age 70+ and female sex were univariably associated with outcome (odds ratio [OR]4.68, 95%confidence interval [4.02-5.45], OR0.68[0.59-0.79], respectively; both p<0.001). All comorbidities were univariably associated with outcome (p<0.001), and all but dyslipidemia remained significant after adjustment for age70+ and sex. The impact of comorbidities was attenuated after age-spline adjustment, only leaving female sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) significantly associated (female OR0.65[0.55-0.75], DM OR1.47[1.26-1.72], CKD OR1.61[1.32-1.97], COPD OR1.30[1.07-1.59]). Pre-existing comorbidities in older patients negligibly (<6% in all comorbidities) mediated the association between higher age and outcome.Conclusions: Age is the main determinant of COVID-19 related in-hospital mortality, with negligible mediation effect of pre-existing comorbidities.Trial registration: CAPACITY-COVID (NCT04325412).
Unmet Need For Family Planning Among Married Women In Sub-Sahara Africa: A Meta-Analysis of DHS Data (1995 – 2020)
Authors: Phiri Million , Odimegwu Clifford , Kalinda Chester 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Closing the gap of unmet needs for family planning (FP) in sub-Saharan Africa remains critical in improving maternal and child health outcomes. Determining the prevalence of unmet needs for family planning among married women in the reproductive age is vital for designing effective sexual reproductive health interventions and programmes. Here, we use nationally representative data drawn from sub-Saharan countries to estimate and examine heterogeneity of unmet needs for family planning among currently married women of reproductive age. Methods: This study used secondary data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2020 from 37 countries in sub-Saharan African. An Inverse Heterogeneity model (IVhet) in MetaXL application was used to estimate country and sub-regional level pooled estimates and confidence intervals of unmet needs for FP in SSA. Results: The overall prevalence of unmet need for family planning among married women of reproductive age in the sub-region for the period under study was 22.9% (95% CI: 20.9–25.0). The prevalence varied across countries from 10% (95% CI: 10–11%) in Zimbabwe to 38% (95% CI: 35–40) and 38 (95% CI: 37–39) (I2 = 99.8% and p-value < 0.0001) in Sao Tome and Principe and Angola, respectively. Unmet needs due to limiting ranged from 6%; (95% CI: 3–9) in Central Africa to 9%; (95% CI: 8–11) in East Africa. On the other hand, the prevalence of unmet needs due to spacing was highest in Central Africa (Prev: 18; 95% CI: 16–21) and lowest in Southern Africa (Prev: 12%; 95% CI: 8–16). Our study indicates that there was no publication bias because the Luis Furuya-Kanamori index (0.79) was within the symmetry range of -1 and +1. Conclusion: The prevalence of unmet need for FP remains high in sub-Saharan Africa suggesting the need for health policymakers to consider re-evaluating the current SRH policies and programmes with the view of redesigning the present successful strategies to address the problem.
Distribution of FFRCT in Single Obstructive Coronary Stenosis and Predictors for Major Adverse Cardiac Events: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Jin Xianglan , Jin Xiangyu , Wu Xiaoyun , Chen Luguang , Wang Tiegong , Zang Wangfu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography (FFRCT) has been demonstrated significantly improved identification of lesion-specific ischemia compared with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). It remains unclear the distribution of FFRCT values in obstructive stenosis between patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or not in routine clinical practice, as well as its association with clinical outcome. This study aims to reveal the distribution of FFRCT value in patients with single obstructive coronary artery stenosis, and explored the independent factors for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Methods: This was a retrospective study of adults with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing FFRCT assessment by using CCTA data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to account for patient selection bias. The risk factors for predicting MACE were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: Overall, 655 patients with single obstructive (³ 50%) stenosis shown on CCTA were enrolled and divided into PCI group (376 cases) and conservative group (279 cases) according to treatment. The PSM cohort analysis demonstrated that the difference in history of unstable angina, CCSC and FFRCT between PCI group (188 cases) and conservative group (315 cases) was statistically significant, with all P values < 0.05, while the median follow-up time between them was no statistically significant (24 months vs 22.5months, P = 0.912). The incidence of MACE in PCI group and conservative group were 14.9% (28/188) and 23.5% (74/315) respectively, P = 0.020. Multivariate analysis of Cox proportional hazards regression revealed that history of unstable angina (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR), 3.165; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.087-4.800; P < 0.001), FFRCT £ 0.8 (OR, 1.632;95% CI, 1.095-2.431; P = 0.016), and PCI therapy (OR, 0.481; 95% CI, 0.305-0.758) were the independent factors for MACE. Conclusions: History of unstable angina and FFRCT value of £ 0.8 were the independent risk factors for MACE, while PCI therapy was the independent protective factor for MACE.
Symptom locus and symptom origin incongruity in runner’s dystonia. – case study of an elite female runner
Authors: Ogasawara Issei , Hattori  , Revankar  , Konda Shoji , Uno M.S. Yuki , Nakano  , Kajiyama  , Mochizuki  , Nakata  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Runner's dystonia is a task specific dystonia that occurs in the lower limbs and trunk, with diverse symptomatology. We aimed to identify the origin of a dystonic movement abnormality using combined three-dimensional kinematic analysis and electromyographic (EMG) assessment during treadmill running. Participant: A twenty-year-old female runner who complained of right-foot collision with the left-leg during right-leg swing-phase, that mimicked right-ankle focal dystonia. Results: Kinematic and EMG assessment of her running motion was performed which showed a significant drop of the left pelvis during right-leg stance-phase, and a simultaneous increase of right hip adductor muscle activity. This resulted in a pronounced adduction of the entire right lower limb with respect to the pelvis segment. Trajectories of right-foot were seen to encroach upon left-leg area. Discussion: These findings suggested that the symptom of this runner was most likely a form of segmental dystonia originating from an impaired control of hip and pelvis, rather than a distal focal ankle dystonia. Conclusion: We conclude that, for individualized symptom assessment, deconstructing the symptom origin from its secondary compensatory movement is crucial for characterizing dystonia. Kinematic and EMG evaluation will therefore be a prerequisite to distinguish symptom origin from secondary compensatory movement.
Maclaurin's series expansions of real powers of inverse (hyperbolic) cosine functions and applications
Authors: Qi Feng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the paper, by means of the Faa di Bruno formula, with the help of explicit formulas for special values of the Bell polynomials of the second kind with respect to a specific sequence, and by virtue of two combinatorial identities containing the Stirling numbers of the first kind, the author establishes Maclaurin's series expansions for real powers of the inverse cosine function and the inverse hyperbolic cosine function. By applying different series expansions for the square of the inverse cosine function, the author not only finds infinite series representations of the circular constant Pi and its square, but also derives two combinatorial identities involving central binomial coefficients.
A new species of Paramyopa Kröber (Diptera: Conopidae) from South Africa
Authors: Stuke Jens-Hermann 
Published: October 2021

Paramyopa clementsi spec. nov. (Diptera, Conopidae) is described from South Africa (Northern Cape), and its diagnosis from the two other known species of this Afrotropical genus is set out.
Nomenclatural acts
Paramyopa clementsi spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zooank.org:act:28720591-141E-46D8-AFDA-3922BCE0BD48
Class II division 1 malocclusion treatment with extraction of maxillary first permanent molars: cephalometric evaluation of treatment and post-treatment changes
Authors: Booij Johan Willem , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Rangel Frits A. , Livas Christos , Ren Yijin , Katsaros Christos , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the cephalometric outcome and post-treatment changes following the orthodontic treatment involving the extraction of maxillary first molars in patients presenting with a Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Methods
A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted involving 83 patients treated by fixed appliances and the extraction of 16 and 26. The mean age at commencement was 13.2 ± 1.5 years. Lateral cephalograms were available pre-treatment (T1), immediately post-treatment (T2), and at 2.6 years post-treatment (T3). The sample was divided into hypodivergent (n = 18), normodivergent (n = 17), and hyperdivergent (n = 48) facial types. Mean increments, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for T2–T1 and T3–T2. Increments were tested using paired-samples t-tests, and variables between groups by applying ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Linear regression was used to examine the effect of facial type, age, and gender.

Results
Significant changes occurred during treatment for most cephalometric variables. Post-treatment, the growth pattern showed a tendency to return to the original form. Facial type had only a minor influence on cephalometric increments during and after treatment.

Conclusions
Post-treatment skeletal, soft tissue, and dentoalveolar changes were limited. Facial type had only a minor influence during and after treatment and care must be taken to control lower incisor inclination.
Evaluation of satellite-based precipitation products from GPM IMERG and GSMaP over the three-river headwaters region, China
Authors: Wang Hua , Yuan Yixian , Zeng Suikang , Li Wuyan , Tang Xiaobo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe three-river headwaters region (TRHR) is the birthplace of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lantsang River in China. Based on the grid surface precipitation data released by China Meteorological Administration (CMA), this paper evaluated the accuracy and error components of four near-real-time satellite precipitation products (GSMaP-NRT, GSMaP-MVK, IMERG-Early and IMERG-Late) in the era of a GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) in TRHR. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The precipitation in TRHR is concentrated in the east and south, and the precipitation in the west is very low. IMERG (Early and Late) has a good spatial distribution of precipitation, while GSMaP has an obvious spatial smoothing of precipitation distribution, and does not better highlight the local precipitation characteristics. (2) The inversion accuracy of the satellite products is the best in the source region of the Lantsang River, followed by the source region of the Yellow River. The satellite products all show the lower correlation coefficient and serious underestimation of precipitation in the west of the TRHR. In addition, the closer to the west of the TRHR, the lower hit rate and the higher false alarm rate of the satellite products, especially the NRT and MVK products. In the eastern margin of the Yellow River headwater region and the Lantsang River headwater Region, RMSE and overestimated precipitation were higher in NRT and MVK, and FAR was higher in spite of higher POD and CSI. (3) The errors of GSMaP in the source region of the Yellow River and the Lantsang River are mainly caused by misreporting precipitation and overestimating the precipitation level, while the errors of GSMaP in the west of the TRHR are mainly caused by missing measurements of precipitation events. The underestimated precipitation of IMERG mainly comes from the missed measurement of precipitation and the underestimate of precipitation level, and there is no large false precipitation. (4) In addition, we found that the satellite products in the lake distribution area of the TRHR have serious missed precipitation errors, indicating that the GPM satellite products have the poor detection ability of precipitation near plateau lakes. On the whole, the precipitation inversion accuracy of IMERG (Early and Late) products is higher, which can better detect the occurrence of precipitation events, but the estimation of precipitation level is still not accurate. The precision of precipitation of satellite products near inland lakes on the plateau is poor, so the algorithm improvement of new products needs to be further solved in the future.
Identifying dominant component of runoff yield processes: a case study in a sub-basin of the middle Yellow River
Authors: Zhang Li , Hu Caihong , Jian Shengqi , Wu Qiang , Ran Guang , Xu Yuanhao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The effects of long-term natural climate change and human activities on runoff generation mechanism in the middle Yellow River Basin are long-standing concerns. This study analyzed the characteristics of hydro-climatic variables in the meso-scale Tuweihe catchment based on the observed data for the period 1956–2016 and a climate elastic method. The spatial distribution of dominant runoff processes (DRP) following land use changes in case of rainfall was identified. The results show significant decreasing trends in annual runoff, whereas slightly downward trends are identified for annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, 1984 is detected as the mutation year of the study period. The average contributions of climate change and human activities to the runoff reduction in the Tuweihe catchment were 33.2% and 66.8%, respectively. In general, the influences of human activities on runoff are applied mostly through the alteration of the catchment characteristics. The dominant runoff processes changes between 1980 and 2015 show significant effects of large-scale soil and water conservation measures in the Tuweihe catchment. We found that Hortonian overland flow (HOF) and fast subsurface flow (SSF1) were the two main processes in 1980 (30.3% and 34.4% respectively), but the proportion of HOF decreased by 9.6% in 2015. The proportions of saturation overland flow (SOF) and SSF have increased to varying degrees, which means that the catchment is more prone to generate subsurface flow processes. Consequently, under similar rainfall conditions, the runoff yield of flood events decreases in the second period.
Evaluating water quality using social media and federal agency data
Authors: Lambert Lixia He , Bir Courtney 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water violation report is currently one of the most reliable measures of evaluating United States drinking water quality. While states continuously strive to comply with federal water quality standards making this documentation continuously relevant, consumers are likely to perceive water quality through sensory aesthetics or physical and virtual social networks. This research quantifies the relationship between consumer perceptions and government-reported drinking water quality to provide insights to state water managers and policymakers. We evaluated consumer perceptions of tap water using weekly social media data. The online search returned 898,709 mentions and 799,035 posts. Net sentiment, measured as the number of negative posts minus the number of positive posts divided by the number of posts expressing sentiment, was determined and ranged from −100 to 100. Net sentiment was uncorrelated with USEPA weekly water quality violations for most states. Net sentiment was correlated with violations related to arsenic standards (−0.223) and a total number of violations (−0.220) for Washington. For California, net sentiment was correlated with violations related to disinfectants and other organic compounds (−0.295). In many cases, water violations in one city became national news, which eclipsed local water issues circulating on social media.
Smart water grid: a review and a suggestion for water quality monitoring
Authors: Bharani Baanu B. , Jinesh Babu K. S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Water is a valuable resource and an elixir of life. It is intimately linked to living standards around the world. Reducing water stress and conserving the resource is vital. It is the need of the hour to ameliorate conventional water resources systems to monitor water quantity and quality parameters continuously in real-time. Smart solutions play an important role in monitoring system parameters and making on-site measurements. This paper focuses on Smart Water Grid, an ingenious way to monitor and preserve the quantity and quality parameters in real-time by deploying remote sensors in the water distribution system. It presents a review of various sensors deployed, networking protocols used and cloud platforms employed in monitoring the water distribution system. The suitable networking protocols for the water distribution systems are suggested by analyzing various smart solutions. It also proposes an architecture for an IoT-based system to monitor residual chlorine concentration in the water distribution system. Smart Water Grid using Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things enables the monitoring of on-site conditions and generates alerts during abnormal conditions. It can enhance timely decision-making which will help in managing valuable water resources more efficiently.
Rain garden infiltration rate modeling using gradient boosting machine and deep learning techniques
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Singh K. K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rain garden is effective in reducing storm water runoff, whose efficiency depends upon several parameters such as soil type, vegetation and meteorological factors. Evaluation of rain gardens has been done by various researchers. However, knowledge for sound design of rain gardens is still very limited, particularly the accurate modeling of infiltration rate and how much it differs from infiltration of natural ground surface. The present study uses experimentally observed infiltration rate of rain gardens with different types of vegetation (grass, candytuft, marigold and daisy with different plant densities) and flow conditions. After that, modeling has been done by the popular infiltration model i.e. Philip's model (which is valid for natural ground surface) and soft computing tools viz. Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) and Deep Learning (DL). Results suggest a promising performance (in terms of CC, RMSE, MAE, MSE and NSE) by GBM and DL in comparison to the relation proposed by Philip's model (1957). Most of the values predicted by both GBM and DL are within scatter limits of ±5%, whereas the values by Philips model are within the range of ±25% error lines and even outside. GBM performs better than DL as the values of the correlation coefficients and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) coefficient are the highest and the root mean square error is the lowest. The results of the study will be useful in selection of plant type and its density in the rain garden of the urban area.
O processo de interação em torno do feedback corretivo oral e a teoria sociocultural no ensino de inglês como língua estrangeira
Authors: Rubin Battistella Tarsila , Dos Santos Lima Marilia 
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é trazer algumas reflexões sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira (LE), a partir da interação em torno do feedback corretivo oral e de conceitos da teoria sociocultural, focalizando os aprendizes e a professora de um curso de Licenciatura em Letras/Inglês em uma universidade privada no sul do Brasil. Os resultados apontam que a correção é significativa no sentido de promover o ensino-aprendizagem de uma LE, ao ser realizada levando-se em consideração fatores linguísticos, cognitivos e idiossincráticos dos aprendizes. Percebemos que o feedback corretivo e a aprendizagem da língua podem ser beneficiados pela mediação linguística e pela interação dialógica entre os envolvidos no processo.
The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Two Ent-kaurane Diterpenes from the
Stems and Leaves of Gochnatia decora
Authors: Zhang Mi , Liu Yanfang , Dai Weifeng , Cao Qihui 
Published: October 2021

Aim and objectives:
The Gochnatia decora (Kurz) A. L. Cabrera is a rare woody plant
belonging to the family of Asteraceae. The bark of this plant is used as a Chinese folk medicine to
treat cough and pneumonia. However, the effective substance related to its efficacy remains unknown.
This study aims to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activities of the chemicals isolated
from this plant using a model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

Material and Methods:
Chemical constituents were isolated from the stems and leaves of G. decora
by a series of chromatographic separation methods and identified by spectral analysis techniques.
The model of inflammation in vitro was established by treatment of 1μM LPS on
RAW264.7 cells. The influence of tested compounds on inflammatory factor production, including
NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, was determined by ELISA. The mechanisms involved were studied
by western blot analysis.

Results:
Two known ent-kaurane diterpenes (1 and 2), identified as ent-17-hydroxy-15-oxokauran-
19-oic acid (1) and ent-15α-hydroxy-16-kauran-19-oic acid (2), were isolated from the stems and
leaves of G. decora. The bioassay showed that both of them produced significant inhibition of
LPS-induced release of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, iNOS, and COX-2 expression. Western
blot analysis showed that these two chemicals blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB.

Conclusions:
Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained from the genus Gochnatia.These compounds
demonstrated useful anti-inflammatory activities in the model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. A
potential action mechanism may be the correlation of the NF-κB pathway.