bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties and Machinability of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 and AZ91 – A Comparative Review
Authors: Catherine Louis Denis Kevin , Hamid Darulihsan Abdul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Throughout the last decade magnesium alloys have slowly overtaken aluminium alloys, especially in the automotive and aerospace industry. Due to its attractive weight-resistance and weight-hardness characteristics, the global production of Magnesium alloys has grown from 360,000 tons in 1999 to 850,000 tons in 2013. Magnesium alloys AZ91 and AZ31 are the most widely used grades. AZ 91 exhibits a Knoop’s hardness (HK) of 76.2 that is higher to the AZ31 with a 51.1 HK. The manufacturing of AZ 91 is through a casting process whereas AZ31 is manufactured by using an extrusion process. The microstructure of AZ31 and AZ91 are highly influenced by the heat generated during the machining process that also affects the surface hardness due to the high thermal conductivity of the material that range from 62 W/m.k to 96W/m.k. Both materials have a very good machinability where milling, drilling, and turning are commonly used. However, extreme care should be taken in terms of machining conditions as Magnesium alloy is highly flammable. However, a safe machining process can be performed by avoiding very fine chips, magnesium dust and also the usage of water-based coolants that react with the raw material. This paper has widely reviewed the studies that have been conducted since the evolution of magnesium alloys in terms of machining parameters, machining consumables and their effect on the mechanical properties, surface conditions and limitations of the various machining processes.
Movement Parameters for Evaluating the Two-legged Humanoid Robot
Authors: Ilham Dirja Nur , Candra Rudi Arif , Hardisal  , Sipahutar Erwinsyah , Abdullah Abdullah , Suherman Suherman , Othman S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many robot prototypes have been made and control algorithms have been proposed. The performances are measured through experiments. This paper presents a two-legged robot prototype with and without Kalman filter in processing sensor data and proposes some movement evaluation parameters to measure the robot performances. Experiments show that the evaluated performances are able to differentiate method achievements. Movement parameters: movement angle, distance travelled, and failed frequency have been successfully identified robot performances.
Temperature and pH effect on reaction mechanism and particle size of nanostructured Co3O4 thin films obtained by sol-gel/dip-coating
Authors: Andrade-Sanchez M E , Hernandez-Perez M A , García-Pacheco G , Ortega-Avilés M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article reports the preparation of Co3O4 phase films by sol-gel. Initially, the precursor solution was prepared by the reaction of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate with methanol. Clean glass substrates were dipped into the solution for 4 times with a speed of dipping of 2 cm per minute. Afterwards, the films deposited were thermally treated at 500 °C to produce the Co3O4 phase. FTIR, UV-Vis and XRD techniques were used to analyze the effects of temperature and pH on reaction carried out on the precursor solution. While the microstructural characterization of thermally treated films was performed through XRD and SEM techniques. In parallel, were studied the thermal decompositions of both Co(CH3COO)2 phase as precursor solution S2 powders using TGA-DTA techniques. The results show that Co3(CH3COO)5OH phase was identified as the precursor to the Co3O4 phase. It was observed that the synthesis temperature promotes the formation reaction of Co(CH3COO)5OH. While the decrease in pH by addition of citric acid had 2 effects. The first was to delay the formation reaction, and the second was to decrease the particle size of phase Co3O4 < 10 nm.
A tactile resonance sensor for prostate cancer detection – evaluation on human prostate tissue
Authors: Lindahl Olof A , Bäcklund Tomas , Ramser Kerstin , Liv Per , Ljungberg Börje , Bergh Anders 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Prostate cancer surgery risks erectile problems and incontinence for the patient. An instrument for guiding surgeons to avoid nerve bundle damage and ensure complete cancer removal is desirable. We present a tactile resonance sensor made of PZT ceramics, mounted in a 3D motorized translation stage for scanning and measuring tissue stiffness for detecting cancer in human prostate. The sensor may be used during surgery for guidance, scanning the prostate surface for the presence of cancer, indicating migration of cancer cells into surrounding tissue. Ten fresh prostates, obtained from patients undergoing prostate cancer surgery, were cut into 0.5 cm thick slices. Each slice was measured for tissue stiffness at about 25 different sites and compared to histology for validation cancer prediction by stiffness. The statistical analysis was based on a total of 148 sites with non-cancer and 40 sites with cancer. Using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), the stiffness data predicted cancer with an area under the curve of 0.74, after correcting for overfitting using bootstrap validation. Mean prostate stiffness on the logarithmic scale (p = 0.015) and standardized Z-scores (p = 0.025) were both significant predictors of cancer. This study concludes that stiffness measured by the tactile resonance sensor is a significant predictor of prostate cancer with potential for future development towards a clinical instrument for surgical guidance.
Challenges estimating patient organs doses undergoing enhanced chest CT examination: exploratory study
Authors: Zawam Dalah Entesar , Dhou Salam , Mudalige Thilini , Amin Fatima , Obaideen Abdulmunhem 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose: Estimate organs doses (ODs) of patients subjected to unenhanced (S1) and enhanced (S2) chest CT studies relying on image parameters such as Hounsfield Units (HUs). Materials and Methods: CT scans and images of a total of 16 patients who underwent two series of chest CT studies were obtained and retrospectively examined. OD increments of liver and pancreas for both series (S1 & S2) were estimated using two different independent methods, namely simulation approach using CT-EXPO and Amato’s phantom-based fitting model (APFM). HUs were quantified for each organ by manually drawing fixed area-sized regions of interest (ROIs). The mean HUs were collected to obtain the ODs increments following APFM. Regression analysis was applied to find and assess the relationship between the HUs and the OD increments estimated using APFM and that using CT-EXPO. Spearman Coefficient and Wilcoxon Matched Paired t-test were conducted to show statistical correlation and difference between ODs increments using the two methods. Results: A strong significant difference was depicted between S1 and S2 scan series of liver and pancreas using CT-EXPO simulation. Mean HU values for S1 were lower than S2, resulting in statistically significant (p < 0.0001) HU changes. CT-EXPO simulation yielded significantly higher difference in ODs compared to the APFM for liver (p = 0.0455) and pancreas (p = 0.0031). Regression analysis revealed a strong relationship between HU of S1 and S2 and ODs increments using APFM in both organs (R

2
= 0.99), dissimilar to CT-EXPO (R

2 = 0.39 in liver and R

2 = 0.05 in pancreas). Conclusions: Although CT-EXPO allows for estimating ODs accounting for major acquisition scan parameters, it is not a reliable tool to evaluate the impact of contrast enhancement on ODs. On the other hand, the APFM accounts for contrast enhancement accumulation yet only provides relative OD increments, an information of limited clinical use.
Programmable a-InGaZnO gate array with laser-induced forward transfer
Authors: Jo Youngmin , Kwon Jimin , van der Steen Jan-Laurens , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Jung Sungjune 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Here, we present a pseudo-CMOS NOR gate array based on dual-gate amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) on plastic. We fabricated a 14

×

12 array of NOR gates which was programmed using laser-induced forward transfer printing technology to realize a negative-edge-triggered D flip-flop. Two drive transistors in a conventional NOR gate configuration were replaced by a single independently gate-controlled dual-gate transistor, which enabled us to design and fabricate a gate array with much reduced number of transistors and interconnects. We anticipate that programmable gate arrays based on dual-gate oxide TFTs can be a new route to design and fabrication of digital circuitry that will be essential for emerging applications Internet-of-Things and wearable electronics.
NISQ circuit compilation is the travelling salesman problem on a torus
Authors: Paler Alexandru , Zulehner Alwin , Wille Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers are expected to execute quantum circuits of up to a few hundred qubits. The circuits have to conform to NISQ architectural constraints regarding qubit allocation and the execution of multi-qubit gates. Quantum circuit compilation (QCC) takes a nonconforming circuit and outputs a compatible circuit. Can classical optimisation methods be used for QCC? Compilation is a known combinatorial problem shown to be solvable by two types of operations: (1) qubit allocation, and (2) gate scheduling. We show informally that the two operations form a discrete ring. The search landscape of QCC is a two dimensional discrete torus where vertices represent configurations of how circuit qubits are allocated to NISQ registers. Torus edges are weighted by the cost of scheduling circuit gates. The novelty of our approach uses the fact that a circuit’s gate list is circular: compilation can start from any gate as long as all the gates will be processed, and the compiled circuit has the correct gate order. Our work bridges a theoretical and practical gap between classical circuit design automation and the emerging field of quantum circuit optimisation.
A bin and hash method for analyzing reference data and descriptors in machine learning potentials
Authors: Paleico Martín Leandro , Behler Jörg 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years the development of machine learning potentials (MLPs) has become a very active field of research. Numerous approaches have been proposed, which allow one to perform extended simulations of large systems at a small fraction of the computational costs of electronic structure calculations. The key to the success of modern MLPs is the close-to first principles quality description of the atomic interactions. This accuracy is reached by using very flexible functional forms in combination with high-level reference data from electronic structure calculations. These data sets can include up to hundreds of thousands of structures covering millions of atomic environments to ensure that all relevant features of the potential energy surface are well represented. The handling of such large data sets is nowadays becoming one of the main challenges in the construction of MLPs. In this paper we present a method, the bin-and-hash (BAH) algorithm, to overcome this problem by enabling the efficient identification and comparison of large numbers of multidimensional vectors. Such vectors emerge in multiple contexts in the construction of MLPs. Examples are the comparison of local atomic environments to identify and avoid unnecessary redundant information in the reference data sets that is costly in terms of both the electronic structure calculations as well as the training process, the assessment of the quality of the descriptors used as structural fingerprints in many types of MLPs, and the detection of possibly unreliable data points. The BAH algorithm is illustrated for the example of high-dimensional neural network potentials using atom-centered symmetry functions for the geometrical description of the atomic environments, but the method is general and can be combined with any current type of MLP.
Introduction: Adaptation and the Battle of, and for, and over, and within the Public Humanities
Authors: Leitch Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This introduction to the special issue of Adaptation devoted to adaptation and the public humanities focuses on the ways the once-anodyne term ‘public humanities’ has become more sharply politicized and contested over the past few years. In many ways, adaptation, which generates new versions and new readings of old texts instead of cancelling, erasing, or unpublishing them, offers the possibility of transcending the conflicts in contemporary culture. But the creation and the study of adaptations offer not a retreat from the culture wars but an array of new tools for waging them more productively by reframing them in ways that lead to more open and fruitful dialogue on the subjects proposed by the essays in this issue: theatrical performances cast for the public good, the costs of performing adapted versions of oneself or of encouraging adaptation-induced tourism, the ecological implications of adaptation, and the shifting valence of adaptation when it is practiced by public figures and posthuman agents.
Smoking Is Associated With Basal Cell Hyperplasia on Prostate Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Freitas Daniel Melecchi , Andriole Gerald L , Freedland Stephen J , Neto Brasil S , Moreira Daniel M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To the best of our knowledge, no study has analyzed the association between cigarette smoking and prostate basal cell proliferation. Therefore, we sought to evaluate whether smoking status is associated with the presence of basal cell hyperplasia (BCH).

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 8,196 men aged 50 to 75 years with prostate-specific antigen values between 2.5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL and prior negative biopsy who were enrolled in the (REDUCE) trial. Cigarette smoking status was divided into current, former, or never categories at enrollment. The association between smoking and baseline BCH was evaluated, with logistic regression in univariable and multivariable analysis.

Results
A total of 1,233 (15.1%) men were current smokers, 3,206 (39.1%) were former smokers, and 3,575 (45.8%) were never smokers. In univariable analysis, current smoking was associated with higher baseline BCH occurrence compared with never (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-3.10) and former smokers (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.06-2.95). Similar results were found after adjusting for patient characteristics (current vs never smokers: OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.14-3.26; current vs former smokers: OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01-2.91).

Conclusions
Among men undergoing prostate biopsy, all of whom had a negative biopsy result, current smoking at enrollment was independently associated with BCH in standard peripheral zone prostate biopsies.
Functional design of glycan-conjugated molecules using a chemoenzymatic approach
Authors: Ogata Makoto 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Carbohydrates play important and diverse roles in the fundamental processes of life. We have established a method for accurately and a large-scale synthesis of functional carbohydrates with diverse properties using a unique enzymatic method. Furthermore, various artificial glycan-conjugated molecules have been developed by adding these synthetic carbohydrates to macromolecules and to middle- and low-molecular-weight molecules with different properties. These glycan-conjugated molecules have biological activities comparable to or higher than those of natural compounds and present unique functions. In this review, several synthetic glycan-conjugated molecules are taken as examples to show design, synthesis, and function.
General ways to improve false coverage rate-adjusted selective confidence intervals
Authors: Zhao Haibing 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Post-selection inference on thousands of parameters has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. Specifically, Benjamini & Yekutieli (2005) considered constructing confidence intervals after selection. They proposed adjusting the confidence levels of marginal confidence intervals for the selected parameters to ensure control of the false coverage-statement rate. However, although Benjamini–Yekutieli confidence intervals are widely used, they are uniformly inflated. In this article, two methods for narrowing the Benjamini–Yekutieli confidence intervals are proposed. The first improves the confidence intervals by incorporating the selection event into the calculation. The second method further narrows those confidence intervals in which some parameters are selected with very small probabilities, which results in underutilization of the target level for control of the false coverage-statement rate. A breast cancer dataset is analysed to compare the methods.
Risk factors and impact of early anastomotic biliary complications after liver transplantation: UK registry analysis
Authors: Tingle S J , Thompson E R , Ali S S , Figueiredo R , Hudson M , Sen G , White S A , Manas D M , Wilson C H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Biliary leaks and anastomotic strictures are common early anastomotic biliary complications (EABCs) following liver transplantation. However, there are no large multicentre studies investigating their clinical impact or risk factors. This study aimed to define the incidence, risk factors and impact of EABC.

Methods
The NHS registry on adult liver transplantation between 2006 and 2017 was reviewed retrospectively. Adjusted regression models were used to assess predictors of EABC, and their impact on outcomes.

Results
Analyses included 8304 liver transplant recipients. Patients with EABC (9·6 per cent) had prolonged hospitalization (23 versus 15 days; P &lt; 0·001) and increased chance for readmission within the first year (56 versus 32 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Patients with EABC had decreased estimated 5-year graft survival of 75·1 versus 84·5 per cent in those without EABC, and decreased 5-year patient survival of 76·9 versus 83·3 per cent; both P &lt; 0.001. Adjusted Cox regression revealed that EABCs have a significant and independent impact on graft survival (leak hazard ratio (HR) 1·344, P = 0·015; stricture HR 1·513, P = 0·002; leak plus stricture HR 1·526, P = 0·036) and patient survival (leak HR 1·215, P = 0·136, stricture HR 1·526, P = 0·001; leak plus stricture HR 1·509; P = 0·043). On adjusted logistic regression, risk factors for EABC included donation after circulatory death grafts, graft aberrant arterial anatomy, biliary anastomosis type, vascular anastomosis time and recipient model of end-stage liver disease.

Conclusion
EABCs prolong hospital stay, increase readmission rates and are independent risk factors for graft loss and increased mortality. This study has identified factors that increase the likelihood of EABC occurrence; research into interventions to prevent EABCs in these at-risk groups is vital to improve liver transplantation outcomes.
sangeranalyseR: Simple and Interactive Processing of Sanger Sequencing Data in R
Authors: Chao Kuan-Hao , Barton Kirston , Palmer Sarah , Lanfear Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
sangeranalyseR is feature-rich, free, and open-source R package for processing Sanger sequencing data. It allows users to go from loading reads to saving aligned contigs in a few lines of R code by using sensible defaults for most actions. It also provides complete flexibility for determining how individual reads and contigs are processed, both at the command-line in R and via interactive Shiny applications. sangeranalyseR provides a wide range of options for all steps in Sanger processing pipelines including trimming reads, detecting secondary peaks, viewing chromatograms, detecting indels and stop codons, aligning contigs, estimating phylogenetic trees, and more. Input data can be in either ABIF or FASTA format. sangeranalyseR comes with extensive online documentation and outputs aligned and unaligned reads and contigs in FASTA format, along with detailed interactive HTML reports. sangeranalyseR supports the use of colorblind-friendly palettes for viewing alignments and chromatograms. It is released under an MIT licence and available for all platforms on Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/sangeranalyseR, last accessed February 22, 2021) and on Github (https://github.com/roblanf/sangeranalyseR, last accessed February 22, 2021).
Legionella spp. All Ears? The Broad Occurrence of Quorum Sensing Elements outside Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Herran Benjamin , Grève Pierre , Berjeaud Jean-Marc , Bertaux Joanne , Crépin Alexandre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Legionella spp. are ubiquitous bacteria principally found in water networks and ∼20 species are implicated in Legionnaire’s disease. Among them, Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen of environmental protozoa, responsible for ∼90% of cases in the world. Legionella pneumophila regulates in part its virulence by a quorum sensing system named “Legionella quorum sensing,” composed of a signal synthase LqsA, two histidine kinase membrane receptors LqsS and LqsT and a cytoplasmic receptor LqsR. To date, this communication system was only found in L. pneumophila. Here, we investigated 58 Legionella genomes to determine the presence of a lqs cluster or homologous receptors using TBlastN. This analysis revealed three categories of species: 19 harbored a complete lqs cluster, 20 did not possess lqsA but maintained the receptor lqsR and/or lqsS, and 19 did not have any of the lqs genes. No correlation was observed between pathogenicity and the presence of a quorum sensing system. We determined by RT-qPCR that the lqsA gene was expressed at least in four strains among different species available in our laboratory. Furthermore, we showed that the lqs genomic region was conserved even in species possessing only the receptors of the quorum sensing system, indicating an ancestral acquisition and various loss dynamics during evolution. This system could therefore function in interspecific communication as well.
Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Walking: Predicting Major Mobility Disability and Effect of Structured Physical Activity in Mobility-Limited Older Adults
Authors: Cenko Erta , Chen Haiying , Gill Thomas M , Glynn Nancy W , Henderson Rebecca M , King Abby C , Pahor Marco , Qiu Peihua , Rego Alvito , Reid Kieran F , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Valiani Vincenzo , You Lu , Manini Todd M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the association between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of walking and major mobility disability (MMD), as well as their transitions in response to a physical activity (PA) compared to a health education (HE) program.

Methods
Older adults (n = 1633) who were at risk for mobility impairment were randomized to structured PA or HE programs. During a 400 m walk, participants rated exertion as “light” or “hard.” An MMD event was defined as the inability to walk 400 m. MMD events and RPE values were assessed every 6 months for an average of 2.6 years.

Results
Participants rating their exertion as “hard” had a nearly threefold higher risk of MMD compared with those rating their exertion as “light” (HR: 2.61, 95% CI: 2.19–3.11). The association was held after adjusting for disease conditions, depression, cognitive function, and walking speed (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.87–2.69). The PA group was 25% more likely to transition from “light” to “hard” RPE than the HE group (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05–1.49). Additionally, the PA group was 27% (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55 – 0.97) less likely to transition from a “hard” RPE to inability to walk 400 m and was more likely to recover their ability to walk 400 m by transitioning to a “hard” RPE (HR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.39–3.17) than the HE group.

Conclusions
Older adults rating “hard” effort during a standardized walk test were at increased risk of subsequent MMD. A structured PA program enabled walking recovery, but was more likely to increase transition from “light” to “hard” effort, which may reflect the greater capacity to perform the test.