bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-optical spin switching probability in [Tb/Co] multilayers
Authors: Avilés-Félix L. , Farcis L. , Jin Z. , Álvaro-Gómez L. , Li G. , Yamada K. T. , Kirilyuk A. , Kimel A. V. , Rasing Th. , Dieny B. , Sousa R. C. , Prejbeanu I. L. , Buda-Prejbeanu L. D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the first experimental observation of all-optical switching phenomena, intensive research has been focused on finding suitable magnetic systems that can be integrated as storage elements within spintronic devices and whose magnetization can be controlled through ultra-short single laser pulses. We report here atomistic spin simulations of all-optical switching in multilayered structures alternating n monolayers of Tb and m monolayers of Co. By using a two temperature model, we numerically calculate the thermal variation of the magnetization of each sublattice as well as the magnetization dynamics of [$$\text {Tb}_n$$

Tb
n

/$$\text {Co}_m$$

Co
m

] multilayers upon incidence of a single laser pulse. In particular, the condition to observe thermally-induced magnetization switching is investigated upon varying systematically both the composition of the sample (n,m) and the laser fluence. The samples with one monolayer of Tb as [$$\text {Tb}_1$$

Tb
1

/$$\text {Co}_2$$

Co
2

] and [$$\text {Tb}_1$$

Tb
1

/$$\text {Co}_3$$

Co
3

] are showing thermally induced magnetization switching above a fluence threshold. The reversal mechanism is mediated by the residual magnetization of the Tb lattice while the Co is fully demagnetized in agreement with the models developed for ferrimagnetic alloys. The switching is however not fully deterministic but the error rate can be tuned by the damping parameter. Increasing the number of monolayers the switching becomes completely stochastic. The intermixing at the Tb/Co interfaces appears to be a promising way to reduce the stochasticity. These results predict for the first time the possibility of TIMS in [Tb/Co] multilayers and suggest the occurrence of sub-picosecond magnetization reversal using single laser pulses.
Using CT-guided stereotactic prostate radiation therapy (CT-SPRT) to assess sustained murine prostate ablation
Authors: Zahalka Ali H. , Brodin N. Patrik , Maryanovich Maria , Wang Xizhe , Watts Kara L. , Pinho Sandra , Guha Chandan , Frenette Paul S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe prostate is a hormone-responsive organ where testicular androgens drive the proliferation and survival of prostatic cells, ensuring the development and functioning of this gland throughout life. Androgen deprivation therapy leads to apoptosis of prostatic cells and organ regression, and is a cornerstone of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy treatment. For several decades, androgen deprivation has been used as an adjuvant to external beam radiotherapy, however, emerging data suggests that the low rates of epithelial proliferation in the castrated prostate imparts radio-resistance. As proliferating cells exhibit increased sensitivity to radiation, we hypothesized that short bursts of synchronized epithelial proliferation, which can be achieved by exogeneous testosterone supplementation prior to targeted high-dose radiation, would maximize sustained prostate ablation, while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues. To test this hypothesis, we designed a novel computed-tomography (CT)-guided stereotactic prostate radiation therapy (CT-SPRT) technique to deliver a single high-dose 25 Gy fraction of X-ray radiation. Sustained prostatic cell ablation was assessed post CT-SPRT by measuring prostate weight, epithelial cell number, and relative contributions of luminal and basal epithelial populations in control and testosterone-pretreated glands. CT-SPRT was safely delivered with no observed damage to surrounding rectal and bladder tissues. Importantly, castrated mice that received a pulse of testosterone to induce synchronous cell proliferation prior to CT-SPRT exhibited significant sustained gland ablation compared to control mice. These results provide new insights in stereotactic radiotherapy sensitivity to maximize prostatic cell ablation and improve our understanding of prostate gland regeneration that can potentially lead to improved non-invasive therapies for benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer.
Time until treatment initiation is associated with catheter survival in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis
Authors: Oki Rikako , Tsuji Shiho , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Komaru Yohei , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Matsuura Ryo , Yamada Daisuke , Doi Kent , Kume Haruki , Nangaku Masaomi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), we investigated the relation between duration from the sign (PD effluent abnormalities) to treatment with appropriate antibiotics (ST time) and catheter removal. For 62 PD hospital patients, data of PD-related peritonitis (n = 109) were collected retrospectively. We examined ST time and PD catheter removal times using univariate and multivariate analyses. The catheter removal rate in the delayed ST time group (≥ 24 h) was higher than that in early ST time group (< 24 h) (38 vs. 16%, p = 0.02). Concomitant tunnel infection and delayed ST time were associated with catheter removal (OR [95% CI] 32.3 [3.15–329] and 3.52 [1.11–11.1]). Rates of catheter removal and re-development of peritonitis within 1 month after starting treatment were higher in the delayed ST time group (p = 0.02). PD duration at peritonitis and the first peritonitis episode were associated with delayed ST time (1.02 [1.00–1.04] and 3.42 [1.09–10.7]). Significant association was found between PD catheter removal and the start of treatment more than 24 h after appearance of abnormal effluent. Education for patients about prompt visitation at the onset of peritonitis with long PD duration might improve outcomes.
Revisiting Kelvin equation and Peng–Robinson equation of state for accurate modeling of hydrocarbon phase behavior in nano capillaries
Authors: Al-Kindi Ilyas , Babadagli Tayfun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe thermodynamics of fluids in confined (capillary) media is different from the bulk conditions due to the effects of the surface tension, wettability, and pore radius as described by the classical Kelvin equation. This study provides experimental data showing the deviation of propane vapour pressures in capillary media from the bulk conditions. Comparisons were also made with the vapour pressures calculated by the Peng–Robinson equation-of-state (PR-EOS). While the propane vapour pressures measured using synthetic capillary medium models (Hele–Shaw cells and microfluidic chips) were comparable with those measured at bulk conditions, the measured vapour pressures in the rock samples (sandstone, limestone, tight sandstone, and shale) were 15% (on average) less than those modelled by PR-EOS.
Development and validation for prognostic nomogram of epithelial ovarian cancer recurrence based on circulating tumor cells and epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Yang Jiani , Ma Jun , Jin Yue , Cheng Shanshan , Huang Shan , Zhang Nan , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe aimed to determine the prognosis value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) recurrence. We used CanPatrol CTC-enrichment technique to detect CTCs from blood samples and classify subpopulations into epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrids. To construct nomogram, prognostic factors were selected by Cox regression analysis. Risk stratification was performed through Kaplan–Meier analysis among the training group (n = 114) and validation group (n = 38). By regression screening, both CTC counts (HR 1.187; 95% CI 1.098–1.752;p = 0.012) and M-CTC (HR 1.098; 95% CI 1.047–1.320;p = 0.009) were demonstrated as independent factors for recurrence. Other variables including pathological grade, FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, ascites, and CA-125 were also selected (p < 0.005) to construct nomogram. The C-index of internal and external validation for nomogram was 0.913 and 0.874. We found significant predictive values for the nomogram with/without CTCs (AUC 0.8705 and 0.8097). Taking CTC counts and M-CTC into separation, the values were 0.8075 and 0.8262. Finally, survival curves of risk stratification based on CTC counts (p = 0.0241), M-CTC (p = 0.0107), and the nomogram (p = 0.0021) were drawn with significant differences. In conclusion, CTCs could serve as a novel factor for EOC prognosis. Nomogram model constructed by CTCs and other clinical parameters could predict EOC recurrence and perform risk stratification for clinical decision-making.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-DDD-16009601, October 25, 2016.
Adequate tissue sampling for the assessment of pathological tumor regression in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yokohira Masanao , Oshima Minoru , Yamakawa Keiko , Ye Juanjuan , Nakano-Narusawa Yuko , Haba Reiji , Fukumura Yuki , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Kojima Motohiro , Okano Keiichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Matsuda Yoko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStandardized pathological evaluation of the regression assessment of neoadjuvant pancreatic cancer is necessary to improve prognostication and compare treatment outcomes in clinical trials. However, appropriate tissue sampling from surgically resected pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy has not been elucidated. We compared the tumor regression scores in the largest cancer slide determined macroscopically or histologically. We reviewed all slides and macroscopic photos of cut surfaces from resected pancreas of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 137; chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy). The tumor regression scores (the Evans, College of American Pathologists, Japanese Pancreas Society grading systems, and Area of Residual Tumor [ART] score) were evaluated for the largest tumor slide determined by macroscopy or histologically as well as all slides from the resected pancreas. The largest cancer slides determined macroscopically and histologically were discrepant in 26% of the cases. Cancer cells were not detected in the largest macroscopically defined cut slides in 3%. Only ART scores assessed in the largest histological slides displayed significant difference in overall survival. We recommend obtaining the largest histological slides to provide adequate assessment for regression of neoadjuvant-treated pancreatic cancer. Sufficient sampling to detect the largest histological slides would be mandatory.
Inversion of the physical properties of seafloor surface sediments based on AUV sub-bottom profile data in the northern slope of the South China Sea
Authors: Zhou Qingjie , Li Xishuang , Huang Bigui , Liu Lejun , Gao Shan , Zhou Hang , Liu Jie , Liu Baohua , Zhang Chengyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBased on the seafloor reflection coefficient obtained from autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) sub-bottom profile survey data of the northern slope of the South China Sea, combined with the sample test data of seafloor surface sediments, we use the Biot–Stoll model to establish the equations relating the seafloor reflection coefficient to the porosity, density, and mean grain size of the sediments at the dominant frequency of 5 kHz (the dominant frequency of the AUV sub-bottom profiler). The physical property parameters such as the porosity, density, and mean grain size of seafloor surface sediments are further inverted. Comparison of inversion results with measured results shows that the overall deviation ratios of the inverted mean grain size, porosity, and density of the surface sediments are in the ranges of − 13.56 to 14.44%, − 6.15 to 8.06%, and − 10.85 to 0.46%, respectively. Among them, the mean grain size directly reflects the size of seafloor sediment particles, and the particles are finer in deeper water. Overall, the inversion results are basically consistent with the measured values and thus can well reflect the variation characteristics of the physical properties of seafloor surface sediments.
Visualizing the ribonucleoprotein content of single bunyavirus virions reveals more efficient genome packaging in the arthropod host
Authors: Bermúdez-Méndez Erick , Katrukha Eugene A. , Spruit Cindy M. , Kortekaas Jeroen , Wichgers Schreur Paul J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBunyaviruses have a genome that is divided over multiple segments. Genome segmentation complicates the generation of progeny virus, since each newly formed virus particle should preferably contain a full set of genome segments in order to disseminate efficiently within and between hosts. Here, we combine immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques to simultaneously visualize bunyavirus progeny virions and their genomic content at single-molecule resolution in the context of singly infected cells. Using Rift Valley fever virus and Schmallenberg virus as prototype tri-segmented bunyaviruses, we show that bunyavirus genome packaging is influenced by the intracellular viral genome content of individual cells, which results in greatly variable packaging efficiencies within a cell population. We further show that bunyavirus genome packaging is more efficient in insect cells compared to mammalian cells and provide new insights on the possibility that incomplete particles may contribute to bunyavirus spread as well.
Digital Twin models in industrial operations: State‐of‐the‐art and future research directions
Authors: Melesse Tsega Y. , Di Pasquale Valentina , Riemma Stefano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA Digital Twin is a virtual representation of a physical product, asset, process, system, or service that allows us to understand, predict, and optimise their performance for better business outcomes. Recently, the use of Digital Twin in industrial operations has attracted the attention of many scholars and industrial sectors. Despite this, there is still a need to identify its value in industrial operations mainly in production, predictive maintenance, and after‐sales services. Similarly, the implementation of a Digital Twin still faces many challenges. In response, a systematic literature review and analysis of 41 papers published between 2016 and 11 July 2020 have been carried out to examine recently published works in the field. Future research directions in the area are also highlighted. The result reveals that, regardless of the challenges, the role of Digital Twin in the advancement of industrial operations, especially production and predictive maintenance is highly significant. However, its role in after‐sales services remains limited. Insights are offered for research scholars, companies, and practitioners to understand the current state‐of‐the‐art and challenges, and to indicate future research possibilities in the field.
A comprehensive framework from real‐time prognostics to maintenance decisions
Authors: Jain Amit Kumar , Dhada Maharshi , Hernandez Marco Perez , Herrera Manuel , Parlikad Ajith Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudying the influence of imperfect prognostics information on maintenance decisions is an underexplored area. To bridge this gap, a new comprehensive maintenance support system is proposed. First, a survival theory‐based prognostics module employing the Weibull time‐to‐event recurrent neural network was deployed in which prognostics competence was enhanced by predicting the parameters of failure distribution. In conjunction with this, a new predictive maintenance (PdM) planning model was framed via a trade‐off between corrective maintenance and time lost due to PdM. This optimises maintenance time based on operational and maintenance cost parameters from the historical data. The performance of the proposed framework is demonstrated using an experimental case study on maintenance planning for cutting tools within a manufacturing facility. Systematic sensitivity analysis is provided, and the impact of imperfect prognostics information on maintenance decisions is discussed. Results show that uncertainty about prediction declines as time goes on, and as uncertainty declines, the maintenance timing becomes closer to the remaining useful life. This is expected, as the risk of making a wrong decision decreases over time.
On the switching control of the DC–DC zeta converter operating in continuous conduction mode
Authors: Sarkawi Hafez , Ohta Yoshito , Rapisarda Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, a switching control mechanism for the stabilization of a DC–DC zeta converter operating in continuous conduction mode is proposed. The switching control algorithm is based on a control Lyapunov function and extends the method proposed for a two‐dimensional boost converter model presented in the literature to a four‐dimensional zeta converter model. The local asymptotical stability of the operating point is established using LaSalle's invariance principle for differential inclusions. By applying spatial regularization, a modified switching control algorithm reduces the switching frequency and keeps the state‐trajectory around a neighbourhood of the operating point. The method works well even if the operation point changes significantly and it is valid for both step‐up and step‐down operations. Furthermore, by approximating the state‐trajectory near the operating point, an explicit relation between the modified switching algorithm and the switching frequency is obtained, which allows to choose systematically the desired switching frequency for the converter to operate. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated with simulation results.
The sliding mode control approach design for nonholonomic mobile robots based on non‐negative piecewise predefined‐time control law
Authors: Lin Lixiong , Wu Peixin , He Bingwei , Chen Yanjie , Zheng Jiachun , Peng Xiafu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel trajectory tracking control method of nonholonomic mobile robots based on the non‐negative piecewise predefined‐time theorem is proposed. The idea of cascade control is used to divide the posture error system of the mobile robot into two subsystems. Firstly, for the first‐order subsystem, an active predefined‐time controller is designed to realize that the angle error system converges and stabilizes to zero within a given time, which is preset in advance. Secondly, a novel predefined‐time sliding mode controller is designed for the second‐order subsystem, which adds a constant to compensate for the influence of singularity. Moreover, compared with the existing fixed‐time control algorithm, the control scheme proposed in this paper provides a more accurate upper bound of the settling time estimation. For convenience, the complex expression of the settling time estimation is transformed into an adjustable parameter. Furthermore, the stability of the two developed controllers is analyzed and some conditions for selecting parameters are given. Finally, the simulation results show the feasibility and correctness of the proposed control algorithm.
Maximal‐ratio combining detection in massive multiple‐input multiple‐output systems with accurate probability distribution function
Authors: Chumchewkul Ditsapon , Tsimenidis Charalampos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis letter derives the probability distribution function (PDF) of received symbols for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) based massive multiple‐input, multiple‐output (MMIMO) systems, which uses maximal‐ratio combining (MRC) detection. The effects of noise and interferences are evaluated through random variables, and the PDF is then derived from their joint probability and characteristic functions. The bit error rate (BER) using Binary and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (BPSK, QPSK), and M‐ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) waveforms is then analyzed by using this PDF. Simulation and analytical results confirm that the derived equations provided accurate PDF and BER, and therefore, can be used efficiently to evaluate performance of OFDM‐MMIMO systems.
Bandwidth comparison of rectangular and offset cross‐slot frequency‐selective surface polarisation transformers
Authors: Clendinning Sarah , Cahill Robert , Zelenchuk Dmitry , Fusco Vincent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis letter compares the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth (BW) of transmission mode single‐screen linear‐to‐circular polarisation convertors based on three different slot topologies. Using a conventional centre‐connected cross‐slot arrangement as a baseline, we show that a significant performance improvement can be achieved by creating a more elaborate design with unit cells composed of multiple unequal length offset rectangular‐shaped apertures. The additional flexibility to tailor the shape of the Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) spectral amplitude and phase responses is exploited to achieve an 84% increase in the BW relative to the baseline for a freestanding structure, which is designed to work at a centre frequency of 10.0 GHz. Experimental AR results are used to verify the new design methodology.
Computationally efficient predictive torque control for induction motor drives based on flux positional errors and extended Kalman filter
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Abbas , Husain Abdul Rashid , Nik Idris Nik Rumzi , Fasih ur Rehman Syed Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an improved model based predictive torque control (MPTC) method based on positional error between reference and estimated stator flux vectors. The main advantages of the proposed method are: the improved computational efficiency which requires minimum hardware resources and weighting‐factor‐free cost function. Weighting factor is removed by using modified reference transformation, which converts torque reference into equivalent stator flux reference. Improvement in computational performance is achieved by using decreased number of voltage vectors for prediction. An admissibility criterion based on flux positional errors is introduced to reduce the number of voltage vectors. The computational time saved is utilised to incorporate extended Kalman filter for better estimation of flux and torque. The validity of the proposed method is tested on a two‐level three‐phase inverter fed induction motor drive with dSpace DS1104 as controller board. The dynamic response and computational cost of the proposed method is compared to other established MPTC methods. The superiority of the proposed technique is confirmed by experimental results, which show an average of 32% reduction in computational time when compared to conventional MPTC while comparable dynamic response in terms of torque ripple, flux ripple and load current harmonics, is also maintained.
Extracting spatially global and local attentive features for rolling bearing fault diagnosis in electrical machines using attention stream networks
Authors: Karnavas Yannis L. , Plakias Spyridon , Chasiotis Ioannis D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA health diagnosis mechanism of rolling element bearings is necessary since the most frequent faults in rotating electrical machines occur in the bearing parts. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have redefined the state‐of‐the‐art accuracy for bearing fault detection and identification, extracting location invariant feature mappings without the need for prior expert knowledge. With the use of convolution operations as the core of the process, CNNs consider the local spatial coherence of the input. However, one major drawback of the convolutional models is the weakness to capture global information about the input vector and to derive knowledge about the statistical properties of the latter. The authors propose a deep learning (DL) model that concatenates the features that are produced from two neural streams. Each consists of an attention mechanism that intends to learn different representations of the input vector, and so finally to produce a feature mapping that contains global and spatial locally information. Simulation results on two famous rolling element bearings fault detection benchmarks show the effectiveness of the method. In particular, the proposed DL model achieves 99.60% in the Case Western Reserve University bearing data set and 99.10% in the Paderborn University bearing data set.