bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Rights Activism Among North Korean Refugees in the UK: Hope for a Democratic Future?
Authors: Lim Hyun-Joo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSocial work plays a crucial role in defending the human rights of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees from systems of oppression. This paper explores the meanings and challenges of human rights activism and its driving forces among North Korean refugees in the UK. The data are drawn from life history interviews with 10 participants, together with two activists’ public speeches. The findings suggest that gaining awareness of human rights after their escape had significant implications for the activists, giving meaning to their life and sparking on their activism. Simultaneously, they expressed misconceptions and criticisms from other fellow North Korean refugees as one of the greatest difficulties they encountered in their work. I argue that to overcome such challenges human rights activism requires altruism and a creative imagination that envisions better future lives for other North Korean people. Based on this, I propose altruistic political imagination (API) as a concept that captures North Korean activists’ experiences, built on Passy’s (2001) notion of political altruism, to put emphasis on the visionary aspect of their activism. I maintain that the concept of API potentially has a wider appeal to those activists who face similar situations to North Korean activists, as well as social work practitioners who work with forced migrants and/or marginalised communities.
How to Optimize the Relationship Between Public Spending and Happiness
Authors: Gaucher Renaud 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHappiness and efficient public spending are considered to be two desirable goals. In this paper, I consider happiness in the sense of how much one likes the life one leads (Veenhoven, 1984), and emphasize negative utilitarianism (Popper, 1952) as the best approach for promoting happiness in public policies. An ethical framework about public policies implemented to improve social conditions for happiness is suggested. I give a definition of the term optimization and propose two methods to optimize the relationship between public spending and social conditions for happiness. I briefly introduce a bookkeeping method, and I then present the bases of an econometric method in which quantile regression is described as the best tool within the negative utilitarianist approach, because quantile regression makes possible to know which independent variables influence most the degree of happiness of the least happy/ the saddest. The bookkeeping and the econometric methods presented are useful for any local, regional, national or supranational authority. These methods may also be useful for optimizing the relationship between natural resources consumption and social conditions for happiness. The paper is a conceptual paper.
Life‐course predictors of homelessness from adolescence into adulthood: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Heerde Jessica A. , Bailey Jennifer A. , Kelly Adrian B. , McMorris Barbara J. , Patton George C. , Toumbourou John W. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionInternationally, the prevalence of young adult homelessness is concerning. Few data on life‐course predictors from longitudinal studies exist, limiting our capacity to inform prevention strategies at the population‐level.MethodsData were drawn from a state representative population‐based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; N = 927, 54% female). Participants were recruited in state‐representative secondary school samples at Grade 7 (age 13, 2002), with follow‐up in Grades 9 (age 15) and 11 (age 17) and at ages 21, 23 and 25. Using longitudinal path modelling, we conducted a series of analyses testing life‐course predictors of young adult homelessness across multiple socializing contexts, and the interrelationships among them.ResultsThe rate of young adult homelessness was 5.5%. Path modelling showed higher levels of family conflict at ages 13 and 15 uniquely predicted homelessness by age 25. This effect remained after accounting for other risk factors in peer‐group (e.g., interactions with antisocial peers), school (e.g., low academic performance), and community contexts (e.g., low neighborhood attachment). Peer drug use and interaction with antisocial peers at age 15 mediated the association between family conflict at age 13 and homelessness by age 25.ConclusionsFindings point to the vulnerability of early adolescents to family conflict. This vulnerability heightens risk for young adult homelessness. Findings strengthen the case for both primary prevention programs that build healthy relationships between family members from early on in adolescence and for investment in homelessness prevention at key developmental periods.
Ngā Waihotanga Iho: Self-determination through Indigenous environmental education in New Zealand
Authors: Dodson Giles , Miru Mikaera 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the use of an estuary monitoring toolkit Ngā Waihotanga Iho as a central part of a Māori-centred education project undertaken by Kaipara hapū (sub-tribe), Te Uri O Hau, in Northland, New Zealand. The toolkit was designed by New Zealand’s National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). In this project, Te Uri O Hau collaborated with NIWA and regional high schools in order to use this toolkit as a mechanism for kaitikaitanga (environmental guardianship) and Indigenous-led environmental education. This paper demonstrates that approaches such as this can be powerful vehicles for Indigenous self-determination as Māori actively undertake tribal development and environmental guardianship, and strengthen the place of Indigenous knowledge, priorities and approaches within an evolving ‘post-colonial’ education system.
Sinonasal effects of external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Eyigor H , Cetinkaya E A , Coban D T , Ozturk G , Erdem Ö 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveExternal dacryocystorhinostomy is thought to cause mucociliary dysfunction by damaging the mucosa, in turn affecting ciliary activity and mucus quality. This study investigated the effect of external dacryocystorhinostomy on sinonasal function.MethodsPatients scheduled for unilateral external dacryocystorhinostomy who underwent endoscopic nasal examination and paranasal sinus computed tomography were included in this study. A saccharine test was performed on the planned surgical side and the mucociliary clearance time was determined. The sinonasal quality of life was measured in all patients, pre-operatively and at six months post-operatively, using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22. The Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score was also determined in all patients, both pre- and post-operatively.ResultsThe study comprised 28 patients (22 females and 6 males). A statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-operative saccharine test results (p = 0.006), but not between the pre- and post-operative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores (p > 0.05).ConclusionThis study is one of only a few to investigate the effect of external dacryocystorhinostomy on sinonasal function. The results showed that external dacryocystorhinostomy impairs mucociliary clearance. The surgical procedure is well tolerated and does not significantly change nasal symptom scores.
Social-material aspect of navigation technology: using structural topic models to identify the causes of ship accidents (1973–2018)
Authors: Chen Yang , Liu Zhenghao , Zhou Han , Zheng Jian , Wang Likun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhat are the major factors contributing to ship accidents, and how do these factors evolve in the long term? This study addresses these two questions by leveraging an unsupervised machine learning method named structural topic modelling to identify the causes of ship accidents. The study analysed 2,341 task errors manually collected from 441 reports issued by four government agencies covering a 45-year time span. The results show that the structure of causes of ship accidents remained essentially the same during this period. This highlights the social-material aspect of navigation technology, indicating that the use of advanced technology may not necessarily lead to safer navigation practices, and the interaction between the technology and human agency must be focused on in the bridge management context. Additionally, the computer-assisted textual data analysis highlights pilot-related factors, which might be rooted in the unsupervised and difficult-to-verify handover procedures between pilots and captains, thereby underlining the importance of appropriate piloting regulations.
Trauma and Mentalization Ability in Older Patients
Authors: Peters Meinolf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The topic of trauma and aging has been studied more frequently in the recent past from the perspective of the consequences of early trauma experiences, especially in the context of war experiences. However, trauma can also occur later in life and have lasting consequences into older age. The study presented here assumed that these consequences can also manifest themselves in an impairment of mentalization ability. It examined a sample of patients between 40 and 80 years of age from a psychosomatic clinic ( N = 150) was examined with the Essen Trauma Inventory (ETI) and two mentalization instruments. Results show that, as age increased, stressful events in adulthood correspond with impairment in mentalization ability in old age. Regarding posttraumatic symptomatology, the influence of intrusions increased as age increased. Finally, the results are discussed in a theoretical and therapeutic context.
No Evidence for Social Surrogacy in Fostering Intentions to Follow	Social Distancing Guidelines
Authors: Sacco Donald F. , Brown Mitch , Macchione Alicia L. , Young Steven G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We tested whether temporary social needs satisfaction through social surrogacy would ensure greater willingness to adhere to social distancing recommendations elicited by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were randomly assigned to social exclusion or inclusion via Cyberball ( n = 534) followed by either a social surrogacy manipulation (imagine favorite TV show), or one of two control states. No restorative effects emerged following a social surrogacy prime. An exploratory analysis considering age as a moderator ( MAge = 36.89 years, SD = 10.88, range = 19–70 years) found that excluded adults (i.e., middle and older ages) reported more intentions to deviate following surrogacy experiences relative to control experiences; no effects emerged for younger adults in this analysis. We discuss the limitations of social surrogacy in fostering compliance with social distancing initiatives.
Vertical Connectivity Regulates Water Transit Time and Chemical Weathering at the Hillslope Scale
Authors: Xiao Dacheng , Brantley Susan L. , Li Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHow does hillslope structure (e.g., hillslope shape and permeability variation) regulate its hydro‐geochemical functioning (flow paths, solute export, chemical weathering)? Numerical reactive transport experiments and particle tracking were used to answer this question. Results underscore the first‐order control of permeability variations (with depth) on vertical connectivity (VC), defined as the fraction of water flowing into streams from below the soil zone. Where permeability decreases sharply and VC is low, >95% of water flows through the top 6 m of the subsurface, barely interacting with reactive rock at depth. High VC also elongates mean transit times (MTTs) and weathering rates. VC however is less of an influence under arid climates where long transit times drive weathering to equilibrium. The results lead to three working hypotheses that can be further tested. H1: The permeability variations with depth influence MTTs of stream water more strongly than hillslope shapes; hillslope shapes instead influence the younger fraction of stream water more. H2: High VC arising from high permeability at depths enhances weathering by promoting deeper water penetration and water‐rock interactions; the influence of VC weakens under arid climates and larger hillslopes with longer MTTs. H3: VC regulates chemical contrasts between shallow and deep waters (Cratio) and solute export patterns encapsulated in the power law slope b of concentration‐discharge (CQ) relationships. Higher VC leads to similar shallow versus deep water chemistry (Cratio ∼1) and more chemostatic CQ patterns. Although supporting data already exist, these hypotheses can be further tested with carefully designed, co‐located modeling and measurements of soil, rock, and waters. Broadly, the importance of hillslope subsurface structure (e.g., permeability variation) indicate it is essential in regulating earth surface hydrogeochemical response to changing climate and human activities.
Classification of High Density Regions in Global Ionospheric Maps With Neural Networks
Authors: Verkhoglyadova O. , Maus N. , Meng X. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe database of Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) produced at Jet Propulsion Laboratory is analyzed. We define high density total electron content (TEC) regions (HDRs) in a map, following certain selection criteria. For the first time, we trained four convolutional neural networks (CNNs) corresponding to four phases of a solar cycle to classify the GIMs by the number of HDRs in each map with 80% accuracy on average. We compared HDR counts for GIMs across ten years to draw conclusions on how the number of HDRs in the GIMs changes throughout the solar cycle. Occurrence of HDRs during different geomagnetic activity conditions is discussed. Catalog of selected HDRs for ten years and four CNN‐based models that can be used to extend classification to other years are provided for the community to use.
Radially Full Reflection of Fast Magnetosonic Waves Near the Cut‐Off Frequency
Authors: Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang , Yao Fei , Ouyang Zhihai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFast magnetosonic (MS) waves have been found to propagate mainly in the radial direction inside the plasmasphere. One main topic about the radial propagation of MS waves is whether they would propagate down to the ground or be reflected at some regions. Since WKB assumption might become invalid near the reflection point (if the reflection happens), an analytic approach has been utilized to investigate the propagation behavior of MS waves in this study. It is found that as MS waves propagate inward into the Earth, they might reach the cut‐off regions when their frequencies become close to the cut‐off frequency. Moreover, as demonstrated by our theoretical model, the behavior of MS waves around these regions can be described by the Airy's equation. Our results find that MS waves would be fully reflected near the cut‐off point, since only evanescent waves are allowed in the cut‐off regions.
Generation of Low‐Latitude Seamount‐Trapped Waves: A Case Study of the Seychelles Plateau
Authors: Arzeno‐Soltero Isabella B. , Giddings Sarah N. , Pawlak Geno , McClean Julie L. , Wang He , Rainville Luc , Lee Craig M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBaroclinic seamount‐trapped waves are thought to influence their surrounding ecosystem; however, trapped waves are not well‐studied in near‐equatorial settings, where stratification is strong and Burger numbersare large. Motivated by observations, we use daily output (2005–2009) from the global Parallel Ocean Program Model (POP) to examine topographically trapped baroclinic waves around the Seychelles Plateau () in the tropical Indian Ocean. These trapped waves are associated with velocity and temperature oscillations at periods of 15–16 days, similar to the dominant period of some equatorial Yanai waves. Energy flux maps using POP output suggest that quasi‐biweekly equatorial Yanai waves excite trapped waves on the western and south‐western flanks of the Seychelles Plateau, near the surface. The anticyclonic energy flux associated with the trapped wave extends vertically throughout the water column and around most of the plateau circumference, diminishing on the eastern flank of the plateau. This work highlights the role that equatorial planetary waves and trapped waves play in facilitating energy redistribution, dissipation, and mixing in the tropical ocean.
Life and death of colloidal bonds control the rate-dependent rheology of gels
Authors: Nabizadeh Mohammad , Jamali Safa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractColloidal gels exhibit rich rheological responses under flowing conditions. A clear understanding of the coupling between the kinetics of the formation/rupture of colloidal bonds and the rheological response of attractive gels is lacking. In particular, for gels under different flow regimes, the correlation between the complex rheological response, the bond kinetics, microscopic forces, and an overall micromechanistic view is missing in previous works. Here, we report the bond dynamics in short-range attractive particles, microscopically measured stresses on individual particles and the spatiotemporal evolution of the colloidal structures in different flow regimes. The interplay between interparticle attraction and hydrodynamic stresses is found to be the key to unraveling the physical underpinnings of colloidal gel rheology. Attractive stresses, mostly originating from older bonds dominate the response at low Mason number (the ratio of shearing to attractive forces) while hydrodynamic stresses tend to control the rheology at higher Mason numbers, mostly arising from short-lived bonds. Finally, we present visual mapping of particle bond numbers, their life times and their borne stresses under different flow regimes.
Neurofibromin regulates metabolic rate via neuronal mechanisms in Drosophila
Authors: Botero Valentina , Stanhope Bethany A. , Brown Elizabeth B. , Grenci Eliza C. , Boto Tamara , Park Scarlet J. , King Lanikea B. , Murphy Keith R. , Colodner Kenneth J. , Walker James A. , Keene Alex C. , Ja William W. , Tomchik Seth M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 is a chronic multisystemic genetic disorder that results from loss of function in the neurofibromin protein. Neurofibromin may regulate metabolism, though the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that neurofibromin regulates metabolic homeostasis in Drosophila via a discrete neuronal circuit. Loss of neurofibromin increases metabolic rate via a Ras GAP-related domain-dependent mechanism, increases feeding homeostatically, and alters lipid stores and turnover kinetics. The increase in metabolic rate is independent of locomotor activity, and maps to a sparse subset of neurons. Stimulating these neurons increases metabolic rate, linking their dynamic activity state to metabolism over short time scales. Our results indicate that neurofibromin regulates metabolic rate via neuronal mechanisms, suggest that cellular and systemic metabolic alterations may represent a pathophysiological mechanism in neurofibromatosis type 1, and provide a platform for investigating the cellular role of neurofibromin in metabolic homeostasis.
Single-molecule analysis of processive double-stranded RNA cleavage by Drosophila Dicer-2
Authors: Naganuma Masahiro , Tadakuma Hisashi , Tomari Yukihide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrosophila Dicer-2 (Dcr-2) produces small interfering RNAs from long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), playing an essential role in antiviral RNA interference. The dicing reaction by Dcr-2 is enhanced by Loquacious-PD (Loqs-PD), a dsRNA-binding protein that partners with Dcr-2. Previous biochemical analyses have proposed that Dcr-2 uses two distinct—processive or distributive—modes of cleavage by distinguishing the terminal structures of dsRNAs and that Loqs-PD alters the terminal dependence of Dcr-2. However, the direct evidence for this model is lacking, as the dynamic movement of Dcr-2 along dsRNAs has not been traced. Here, by utilizing single-molecule imaging, we show that the terminal structures of long dsRNAs and the presence or absence of Loqs-PD do not essentially change Dcr-2’s cleavage mode between processive and distributive, but rather simply affect the probability for Dcr-2 to undergo the cleavage reaction. Our results provide a refined model for how the dicing reaction by Dcr-2 is regulated.
A novel RyR1-selective inhibitor prevents and rescues sudden death in mouse models of malignant hyperthermia and heat stroke
Authors: Yamazawa Toshiko , Kobayashi Takuya , Kurebayashi Nagomi , Konishi Masato , Noguchi Satoru , Inoue Takayoshi , Inoue Yukiko U. , Nishino Ichizo , Mori Shuichi , Iinuma Hiroto , Manaka Noriaki , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Uryash Arkady , Adams Jose , Lopez Jose R. , Liu Xiaochen , Diggle Christine , Allen Paul D. , Kakizawa Sho , Ikeda Keigo , Lin Bangzhong , Ikemi Yui , Nunomura Kazuto , Nakagawa Shinsaku , Sakurai Takashi , Murayama Takashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMutations in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1), a Ca2+ release channel in skeletal muscle, hyperactivate the channel to cause malignant hyperthermia (MH) and are implicated in severe heat stroke. Dantrolene, the only approved drug for MH, has the disadvantages of having very poor water solubility and long plasma half-life. We show here that an oxolinic acid-derivative RyR1-selective inhibitor, 6,7-(methylenedioxy)-1-octyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid (Compound 1, Cpd1), effectively prevents and treats MH and heat stroke in several mouse models relevant to MH. Cpd1 reduces resting intracellular Ca2+, inhibits halothane- and isoflurane-induced Ca2+ release, suppresses caffeine-induced contracture in skeletal muscle, reduces sarcolemmal cation influx, and prevents or reverses the fulminant MH crisis induced by isoflurane anesthesia and rescues animals from heat stroke caused by environmental heat stress. Notably, Cpd1 has great advantages of better water solubility and rapid clearance in vivo over dantrolene. Cpd1 has the potential to be a promising candidate for effective treatment of patients carrying RyR1 mutations.
Universal and operational benchmarking of quantum memories
Authors: Yuan Xiao , Liu Yunchao , Zhao Qi , Regula Bartosz , Thompson Jayne , Gu Mile 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantum memory—the capacity to faithfully preserve quantum coherence and correlations—is essential for quantum-enhanced technology. There is thus a pressing need for operationally meaningful means to benchmark candidate memories across diverse physical platforms. Here we introduce a universal benchmark distinguished by its relevance across multiple key operational settings, exactly quantifying (1) the memory’s robustness to noise, (2) the number of noiseless qubits needed for its synthesis, (3) its potential to speed up statistical sampling tasks, and (4) performance advantage in non-local games beyond classical limits. The measure is analytically computable for low-dimensional systems and can be efficiently bounded in the experiment without tomography. We thus illustrate quantum memory as a meaningful resource, with our benchmark reflecting both its cost of creation and what it can accomplish. We demonstrate the benchmark on the five-qubit IBM Q hardware, and apply it to witness the efficacy of error-suppression techniques and quantify non-Markovian noise. We thus present an experimentally accessible, practically meaningful, and universally relevant quantifier of a memory’s capability to preserve quantum advantage.