bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
644-P: Discovery of Nonpeptide, Orally Available Small Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: IM A-RANG , PARK JUNG-EUN , HONG DAHAE , JE IN-GYU , KIM JUNG HO , CHANG MIN WHAN , HONG CHANG-HEE , SHIN JAE EUI , SOHN TE-IK , JUN YEARIN , JANG EUNHYE , YOO YEONGRAN , JEON WOOJIN , AN KYUNGMI 
Published: June 2021

GLP-1R agonists comprise a growing class of agents that deliver unprecedented efficacy in the treatment of diabetes. We discovered promising compounds for the development of a novel small molecule GLP-1R agonist and examined their efficacy in cynomolgus monkey. The in vitro activities of the compounds were evaluated by measuring cAMP accumulation in cells expressing human GLP-1R. All compounds demonstrated potent cAMP accumulation of EC50 value below 20 nM, with one compound showing 1.5 nM. In addition, the compounds showed excellent selectivity against related class B GPCR, with no stimulatory activity on human GIP, GCG, and GLP-2 receptors. In the intravenous glucose tolerance test, according to the present disclosure, the compounds increased insulin secretion in cynomolgus monkey (dosed 50 mg/kg, p.o.), demonstrating their efficacy as orally available GLP-1 receptor agonists. Moreover, inhibitory effect on the hERG current was investigated and the compounds were shown to have favorable safety profile with IC50 values ranging from 34.6 to more than 100 μM.
In conclusion, we discovered promising compounds which have potential to be developed as an orally active, non-peptide GLP-1R agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with favorable safety profile regarding the hERG current.

Disclosure
A. Im: None. Y. Jun: None. E. Jang: None. Y. Yoo: None. W. Jeon: None. K. An: None. J. Park: None. D. Hong: None. I. Je: None. J. Kim: None. M. Chang: None. C. Hong: None. J. Shin: None. T. Sohn: None.
655-P: Multitarget Engagement Effect of a Novel Long-Acting Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1 Triple Agonist (HM15211) in Animal Model of NASH
Authors: KIM JUNG KUK , LEE JONG SUK , KWON HYUNJOO , PARK EUNJIN , LEE JONGSOO , BAE SUNGMIN , LEE SANG HYUN , CHOI IN YOUNG 
Published: June 2021

NASH is a complex disease progressed by multiple mechanism. To date, no approved drug is available due to unsatisfied efficacy. Of note, recent studies demonstrate advantages of targeting multiple aspects of this disease. To aid multi-targeting and provide a novel treatment option with improved efficacy, HM15211, a long-acting Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1 triple agonist, has been developed. Previously, enhanced anti-steatosis effect of HM15211 and underlying mechanism were evidenced in DIO mice. Here, potential benefits of HM15211 was investigated by comparing its therapeutic effects with NASH drug candidates in high-fat diet induced mouse model of NASH. AMLN-diet induced NASH mice were administered either with HM15211 or obeticholic acid (OCA) for 12 weeks, followed by histological analysis. HM15211 treatment more efficiently normalized hepatic lipid contents (-48.9%, -93.0% vs. vehicle for OCA, HM15211) and steatosis score (2.9, 2.1, 0.1 for vehicle, OCA, HM15211) compared to OCA treatment. Consistently, HM15211 treatment significantly reduced histological score for lobular inflammation (1.6, 1.1, 0.9 for vehicle, OCA, HM15211) and ballooning (1.4, 0.7, 0.0 for vehicle, OCA, HM15211) along with blood ALT (546, 349, 138 U/L for vehicle, OCA, HM15211) even greater than OCA treatment. Notably, while all individuals (7/7) treated with HM15211 achieved NASH resolution criteria, only 14.3% (1/7) achieved it after OCA treatment. Additional study was performed to compare therapeutic effect of HM15211 with incretin analogs, and greater reduction in all sub-components of NAS was consistently observed when compared to acylated GLP-1 or GLP-1/GIP in AMLN mice, highlighting potential benefits of multi-target engagement of HM15211 over other incretin analog and FXR agonist for NASH treatment. Therefore, HM15211 may be a novel therapeutic option for NASH. Efficacy study in biopsy proven NASH patients is ongoing to assess the clinical relevance of these finding.

Disclosure
J. Kim: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. J. Lee: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. H. Kwon: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. E. Park: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. J. Lee: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. S. Bae: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. S. Lee: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. I. Choi: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical.
656-P: Antifibrotic Potential of a Novel Long-Acting Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1 Triple Agonist (HM15211) in Preclinical Models of Fibrosis
Authors: KIM JUNG KUK , LEE JONG SUK , LEE SEON MYEONG , KWON HYUNJOO , CHOI JAEHYUK , PARK EUNJIN , BAE SUNGMIN , KIM DAEJIN , KIM YOUNG HOON , CHOI IN YOUNG 
Published: June 2021

Fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains a major cause of liver-related mortality. Since complex biological pathways are involved in fibrosis progression, multi-disciplinary therapeutic approaches should be required to effectively deliver treatment effects on fibrosis. For this purpose, we developed a novel long-acting Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1 triple agonist, HM15211. Here, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic effect of HM15211 in various animal models of fibrosis, and investigated underlying mechanism in vitro. Mice fed with AMLN diet were concomitantly treated with thioacetamide (AMLN/TAA mice) for 16 weeks, and HM15211 was administered during last 8 weeks. HM15211 treatment significantly reduced hepatic (-53.9, -41.4 and -51.9 % vs. vehicle for α-SMA, TIMP-1 and collagen1a1 expression) and blood (-49.3, -48.0 and -49.1% vs. vehicle for TIMP-1, PIIINP and hyaluronic acid level) surrogate markers for fibrosis. HM15211 treatment was also associated with significant reduction in hepatic hydroxyproline (-53.1% vs. Veh) and sirius red positive area (-70.6% vs. Veh) in AMLN/TAA mice. Next, anti-fibrotic effect of HM15211 was further evaluated in choline-deficient and high fat diet (CD-HFD) mice. Strikingly, greater reduction in hepatic hydroxyproline and collagen contents (-4.2, -10.0, -31.2% vs. vehicle for acylated GLP-1, acylated GLP-1/GIP, HM15211) was observed compared to acylated GLP-1 or acylated GLP-1/GIP in CD-HFD mice. Additional in vitro studies in LX2 cell and rat primary hepatic stellate cell (HSC) unveiled that HM15211 could negatively affect multiple steps of TGF-β signaling in HSC. Based on these results, HM15211 may be a novel therapeutic option for liver fibrosis in addition to NASH itself. Hence, related mechanistic studies further highlight direct inhibitory effect of HM15211 on HSC activation. On-going human efficacy study will assess the clinical relevance of these findings.

Disclosure
J. Kim: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. I. Choi: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. J. Lee: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. S. Lee: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. H. Kwon: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. J. Choi: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. E. Park: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. S. Bae: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. D. Kim: Employee; Self; Hanmi Pharmaceutical. Y. Kim: None.
66-LB: Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitor (RTCGM) Use Associated with Decreased Diabetes Medical Costs for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
Authors: NORMAN GREGORY J. , PAUDEL MISTI L. , BANCROFT TIM , LYNCH PETER M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: RtCGM allows patients with type 2 diabetes to improve blood glucose control and reduce risk of serious acute and chronic complications of diabetes through continuous monitoring of real-time glucose levels, however little is known about the impact of rtCGM on diabetes-related medical costs in this population.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of administrative claims data from the Optum Research Database was conducted. The T2D cohort included those on intensive insulin therapy (IIT), and non-intensive therapies, including basal insulin only, and non-insulin medications. Patients initiated treatment with rtCGM between October 1, 2017 and February 28, 2019 (index date= earliest observed pharmacy claim). Continuous health plan enrollment of 12 months prior to, and 6 months after index date was required. Individuals with evidence of pregnancy, or type 1 diabetes were excluded. Total diabetes-related medical costs were assessed during the pre-and post-index periods and expressed as change in per-person-per-month (PPPM) costs.
Results: A total of 571 T2D patients met study inclusion criteria (average age = 51.2 (sd = 11.9) years, 46% female, 80% IIT). Average PPPM diabetes-related medical costs decreased by -$424, 95% CI -$816, -$31, p&lt;0.035 after initiating rtCGM treatment (pre-index mean (SD) PPPM costs: $1,680 ($4,519); post-index: $1,256 ($3,679)). These reductions were driven, in part, by reductions in diabetes-related inpatient medical costs (-$358, 95% CI -$706, -10. p&lt;.-044). Inpatient hospital stays were reduced on average -.006 PPPM and hospital days were reduced an average of -.042 PPPM.
Conclusions: These findings provide real-world evidence that rtCGM use was associated with diabetes-related medical cost reductions in patients with T2D. Increased access to rtCGM for patients with T2D may help to reduce diabetes-related cost of care.

Disclosure
G. J. Norman: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. M. L. Paudel: None. T. Bancroft: None. P. M. Lynch: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc.
676-P: Semaglutide Achieves Better Metabolic and Weight Control than Other GLP-1 RA in Real Life after 12 Months of Follow-up
Authors: DE LUCAS MARIA DOLORES GARCIA , PÉREZ-BELMONTE LUIS MIGUEL , AVILES BEATRIZ , JIMENEZ ANA ISABEL , FERNANDEZ JOSE MARIA , RUIZ FRANCISCO RIVAS 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims: Weekly sc Semaglutide (WS) has demonstrated safety and efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in an extensive clinical development program. The main objective of the study was to assess the change in HbA1c and weight loss greater than 5% after 12 months of follow-up in real life.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective observational study. Inclusion criteria:patients ≥ 18 years of age with T2D, eGFR ≥ 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 treated with WS. Main outcome variable: change in HbA1c (%) and weight ≥ 5% (kg). Secondary outcome variables: adverse events, withdrawal. Statistics: descriptive, student’s t, McNemar, multivariate logistic regression; SPSS vs. 19.0.
Results: 247 patients, 55.4% men, age 62.8 ± 11.20 years, T2D evolution 10.4 ± 7.9 years; 14% smokers, 42.5% ex-smokers; 58% macroangiopathy, 54% microangiopathy; BMI 36.47 ± 6 Kg/m2; HbA1c 7.53 ± 1.4%; eGFR &lt; 60 ml/min/1,73m2 46.5% and MAU &gt; 30 mg/g 29.6%. In their baseline therapy, 55.9% used a GLP1 aR, (Liraglutide 66.7%, Dulaglutide 29.7%, ExenatideLAR 3.6%) and 44.8% insulin therapy. WS was suspended in 6.9% (44% digestive intolerance). 6.1% of patients on insulin had mild hypoglycemia. Overall, change in HbA1c -0.84 ± 1.1% (p &lt;0.0001), change in weight -8 ± 16.6 kg (p &lt;0.0001), weight change ≥ 5% 64.5%. The best compliance on weight change in people over 65 years of age with an OR 1.8 (95% CI: 1.02-3.17). Subpopulations analysis showed a change in HbA1c of -1.1 ± 1.2% (GLP1 aR naive) vs. -0.6 ± 1.9% (GLP1 aR prior-switch) (p 0.0001); weight change ≥ 5% -9.3 ± 6.4 Kg (GLP1aR naive) vs. -6.5 ± 6.7 Kg (GLP1 aR prior - switch) (p 0.0001). Significantly improved TAS (-7.5 ± 12.7 mmHg, p &lt;0.0005), TAD (5.5 ± 9.4 p &lt;0.0005), LDL -13.7 ± 30.11 mg/dl, p &lt;0.0005, MALB 83.2 ± 432.4 mg/g, p &lt;0.001.
Conclusions: In real clinical practice, WS leads to an improvement in metabolic control and weight, both in patients T2D naïve to GLP1 aR (greater benefit), and in T2D patients previously treated with a different GLP1 aR, after one year.

Disclosure
M. Garcia de lucas: Advisory Panel; Spouse/Partner; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk Inc., Speaker’s Bureau; Spouse/Partner; AstraZeneca, Lilly Diabetes, Sanofi. L. Pérez-belmonte: None. B. Aviles: None. A. Jimenez: None. J. Fernandez: None. F. Rivas ruiz: None.
684-P: Trends in Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy and Evolving Use of the Newer Agents
Authors: BAE JAY P. , LIU DONGJU , CHINTHAMMIT CHANADDA , KADZIOLA ZBIGNIEW A. , BOYE KRISTINA , MATHER KIEREN J. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Newer treatment options for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and emerging evidence of treatment-specific benefits for ASCVD, CKD, heart failure (HF), hypoglycemia, and obesity provide opportunities for individualizing treatment choices. We used claims data to examine how T2D treatment patterns have changed in recent years as clinical trial data and updated guidelines have emerged.
Method: A retrospective observational study of T2D patients in a health insurance claims database (IBM® MarketScan® 2007 to 2019 Commercial and Medicare Databases). Medication use by class was examined from Jan 2015 through Dec 2019. Data since 2007 were used to establish disease history and categorize individuals according to the ADA/EASD Consensus Statement (2019): ASCVD, CKD, HF, hypoglycemia, and obesity defined risk groups. Alignment of risk group with treatment recommendation was evaluated by comparing use rates in the groups with and without risk. A GEE model was fit with guideline alignment as the dependent variable. The slope parameter and the area under the curve were calculated on the probability scale.
Results: Use of guideline-recommended therapies in the risk groups increased in both cohorts from 2015 to 2019. The Commercial cohort showed better alignment vs. the Medicare cohort over all years. Guideline-recommended therapy use in 2019 was highest in the Commercial CKD and obesity groups (39.2%; 37.6 %) with 5 year growth rates of 74.5% and 54.9%; and lowest in Medicare HF and CKD groups (16.6%; 18.5% ), but showing rapid 5 year growth (145.5% and 132.2% respectively). Use of SU in the hypoglycemia risk group decreased over time, but at comparable rates to those without the risk. The HF risk group was less likely to receive guideline recommended therapies vs. no HF risk.
Conclusion: The data suggest there is considerable room for improvement in individualizing therapies according to ADA risk grouping. Improving alignment through more targeted prescribing could further enhance outcomes without increasing overall use.

Disclosure
J. P. Bae: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. D. Liu: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. C. Chinthammit: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Z. A. Kadziola: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. K. Boye: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Employee; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. K. J. Mather: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company.
692-P: Preclinical Study of a Combined Insulin Infusion and Glucose Sensing Device (Duo)
Authors: ZHANG GINA , ANSELMO EVAN , TO LYNETTE , CHATTARAJ SARNATH 
Published: June 2021

Objective: A combination insulin infusion and glucose-sensing device will dramatically improve the ease of use for automated insulin delivery systems. The objective of this preclinical study was to collect safety and efficacy data during 7-day wear of a combined insulin-delivery and glucose-sensing device called the “Duo” set.
Method: In a type 1 diabetes (T1D) porcine model, each animal (N=6) wore the Duo set multiple times (on the abdomen) while receiving Novolog® insulin subcutaneously via a pump for one week or until set failure, determined by (1). blood glucose (BG) value not decreasing by at least 50 mg/dL an hour after a correction bolus for a BG level &gt;350 mg/dL, or (2). evidence of infection at the infusion site. Blood glucose was measured five times/day with a BG meter, and pigs also wore a Guardian™ Sensor (3) glucose sensor (GS3) distant from the Duo-set site. Additionally, physical examination and serum panel tests were conducted for safety evaluation.
Result: There were 15 wears, with 10 wears lasting more than 7 days. Survival rate (67%) was similar to that of the Medtronic 7-day Extended Wear Infusion Set (EWIS) previously tested in the same porcine model (64%). There was no significant difference in total daily insulin dose (TDD) between the Duo set and the EWIS during the entire 7-day wear. There was no significant difference in glucose values between the Duo-set sensor and the GS3 (p&gt;0.10), which agreed with the measured BG values in the range of 70-300 mg/dL (p&gt;0.10). There was no significant device safety concern identified.
Conclusion: The results indicated that no interference of sensor signals was observed from insulin infused though the cannula of the same Duo set in the near proximity or from mechanical inference from the infusion-set movements. These data confirm the feasibility of a combined 7-day set which simultaneously infuses insulin and senses glucose subcutaneously in a T1D porcine model.

Disclosure
G. Zhang: Employee; Self; Medtronic. E. Anselmo: Employee; Self; Medtronic. L. To: None. S. Chattaraj: Employee; Self; Medtronic.
696-P: Insulin Pump Infusion Set Failure (IPISF) Management: T1D Exchange Survey
Authors: WILCOX JOHN H. , GRAY JOHN C. , COOPER NICHOLAS R. , BLANCO LUIS E. , KELLEHER RYAN , VANENGELEN LISANNE M. , LAL RAYHAN 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To identify IPISF occurrence and troubleshooting methods, determine habits and perceptions of diabetes technology use, and assess the history and satisfaction of education in those who utilize CSII.
Methods: A 57-item online survey was constructed and included demographic questions, assessment with Likert scales, and open-ended questions regarding infusion sets. Participants were recruited via the T1D Exchange online community database. Statistical analysis was performed using R and JMP.
Results: A total of 715 individuals were surveyed including 639 people with diabetes (PwD) and 76 caretakers among 49 states and territories from 09/2020 - 11/2020. Demographics: PwD age 51.6±15.1 years, caretaker age 46.1±7.6 years (dependent PwD age 15.2±11.2 year), 99.6% type 1 diabetes, 69% female, 92% white, CSII use for 14.1±8.5 years, 44% use AID, HbA1c 6.8±0.97%, TIR 72.3±16.1%, TIR&lt;70% 32%. Infusion set wear time was 3.3±0.95 days and 27% wore infusion sets for &gt;3 days. 97% of participants experience IPISF with 41% reporting ≥1 IPISF/month. Following IPISF, participants administered correction boluses using their pump with (41%) and without (44%) changing their failed infusion set. 61% of subjects had not received IPISF education in over a year and 19% had never received IPISF education. For users who experience ≥1 IPISF/month, hyperglycemia and related symptoms were more likely to alert users of IPISF than pump alarms (n=259, p=0.0355). Respondents with ≥1 IPISF/month were also more likely to both feel burned out by their diabetes technology (p&lt;0.001) and want to end CSII for another diabetes therapy option (p&lt;0.001). Not experiencing ≥1 IPISF/month was a significant indicator of reporting good diabetes control (p=0.0134).
Conclusion: Developing technologies that reduce and mitigate IPISF should be a critical focus, especially as extended wear infusion sets become available.

Disclosure
J. H. Wilcox: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. J. C. Gray: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. N. R. Cooper: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. L. E. Blanco: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. R. Kelleher: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. L. M. Vanengelen: Employee; Self; Diatech Diabetes, Inc. R. Lal: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Biolinq, Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Morgan Stanley, Tidepool.
7-OR: Racial/Ethnic Differences in Barriers to Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Self-Management between Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Young Adults (YA)
Authors: FINNAN MOLLY , CRESPO-RAMOS GLADYS , AGARWAL SHIVANI 
Published: June 2021

Background: YA with T1D of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic race-ethnicity face unique challenges to diabetes self-management, yet little research acknowledges potentially distinct lived experiences and needs between these racial/ethnic groups.
Methods: We recruited Black and Hispanic YA with T1D from adult and pediatric diabetes centers at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, NY to conduct individual semi-structured interviews focusing on barriers and facilitators to diabetes self-management. Interviews were performed telephonically or in person, and recorded and transcribed. A modified inductive coding approach was used to analyze the data for common themes until thematic saturation was achieved.
Results: We interviewed 39 YA with T1D (18-25 yrs, 26% Black, 74% Hispanic, mean HbA1c 10.3%). Common T1D self-management barriers between Black and Hispanic YA centered on normative development, including competing priorities and peer acceptance of T1D. Differences in self-management barriers were related to culture and lived experience. Black YA reported major challenges related to social determinants of health, such as food insecurity, insurance lapses, and racial bias in the healthcare system. Meanwhile, Hispanic YA reported challenges related to culture and family, such as difficulty incorporating ethnic food into diabetes dietary guidelines and navigating household intergenerational conflict on management of T1D.
Conclusions: Black and Hispanic YA with T1D share common challenges to T1D self-management related to stage of development, but key differences exist between these racial/ethnic groups that should inform future interventions. For Black YA with T1D, addressing social determinants of health is an urgent initial need to help support diabetes self-management while for Hispanic YA, family and food-related conflict management is a priority.

Disclosure
M. Finnan: None. G. Crespo-ramos: None. S. Agarwal: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (K23DK115896)
720-P: Using IV Insulin (IVI) Data to Accurately Calculate Prandial Insulin (PI) Requirement
Authors: CHAO JING H. , HIRSCH IRL B. 
Published: June 2021

The formula for calculating basal insulin (BI) dose using IVI data is well established. Patients eating on IVI is becoming increasingly common. Guidelines supporting the addition of 2-4U of SQ PI to IVI to curb postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) are based on minimal evidence. We present a novel formula (NF) to calculate the PI requirement on IVI, supported by data from 30 patients.
We conducted a prospective observational study of 30 patients admitted to the ICU and floors of a tertiary care center, eating on IVI with hourly BG checks, and requiring transition to SQ insulin (SQI) between 1/23/19-1/6/21. PI dose = [difference in 1st hour (hr)] + (1/2 the difference for hrs 2-3) between the increased IVI and BI rates. For example, if BI rate is 2U/hr and drip rate increases to 4, 6, 4 U/hr in 1-3 hrs after intake, the PI dose is 2 + 4/2 + 2/2 = 5U. Glycemic outcomes analyzed: change in BG 0-3 hrs post-meal off IVI, median ± SD BG off IVI, and mean PI dose added to IVI. We compared 0-3 hr post-meal median BG and IVI rates before (control) and after (study group) the addition of PI to IVI.
Four, 21, and 5 patients have no DM, T2D, and T1D, respectively. Steroid was used in 28 patients. Renal transplant (37%), hematologic malignancies (23%), CABG/heart/lung transplant (13%), liver transplant (10%), and others were included. Median ± SD BG after transition to SQI was 177.5 ± 25.4 mg/dL. Defined as having a CV of BG off IVI &lt;31%, 29 patients had a well-matched PI dose. Mean change in BG 0-3 hrs post-meal following the transition was 36.8 mg/dL. Adding PI to IVI resulted in a median ± SD change in BG and IVI rate of -46 ± -17.2 mg/dL and -5.5 ± -1.7 U/hr, respectively. Mean PI dose added to IVI was 12.4U (range 2-42U) for all patients and 10.5U (3-42U) for those with T2D. No hypoglycemia occurred.
We demonstrate that the NF is safe and effective in predicting the PI dose to result in 100% success in IVI to SQI transition in the most complex patients, and the mean PI dose is 3 folds higher than traditionally proposed. Adding PI to IVI effectively curbs the PPH and IVI rates.

Disclosure
J. H. Chao: None. I. B. Hirsch: Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., Research Support; Self; Insulet Corporation, Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Medtronic.