bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Apoptosis in Varroa Mite Resistant Western Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Ihle Kate E , de Guzman Lilia I , Danka Robert G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Honey bees are eusocial animals that exhibit both individual and social immune responses, which influence colony health. This is especially well-studied regarding the mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Parasitiformes: Varroidae), a parasite of honey bee brood and disease vector. Varroa was introduced relatively recently to Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and is a major driver of the catastrophic die-off of honey bee colonies in the last decade. In contrast, the original host species, Apis cerana Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is able to survive mite infestations with little effect on colony health and survival. This resilience is due in part to a newly identified social immune response expressed by developing worker brood. Varroa infested female A. cerana brood experience delayed development and eventually die in a process called ‘social apoptosis’. Here, an individual’s susceptibility to Varroa results in colony level resistance. We tested for the presence of the social apoptosis trait in two Varroa resistant stocks of A. mellifera (Pol-line and Russian) with different selection histories and compared them to a known Varroa-susceptible stock (Italian). We assessed the survival and development of worker brood reared in either highly or lightly infested host colonies, then receiving one of three treatments: uninfested, experimentally inoculated with a Varroa mite, or wounded to simulate Varroa damage. We found that response to treatment was only differentiated in brood reared in lightly infested host colonies, where experimentally infested Russian honey bees had decreased survival relative to the mite-susceptible Italian stock. This is the first evidence that social apoptosis can exist in Western honey bee populations.
Realized Semi(co)variation: Signs That All Volatilities are Not Created Equal
Authors: Bollerslev Tim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
I provide a selective review of recent developments in financial econometrics related to measuring, modeling, forecasting, and pricing “good” and “bad” volatilities based on realized variation type measures constructed from high-frequency intraday data. An especially appealing feature of the different measures concerns the ease with which they may be calculated empirically, merely involving cross-products of signed, or thresholded, high-frequency returns. I begin by considering univariate semivariation measures, followed by multivariate semicovariation and semibeta measures, before briefly discussing even richer partial (co)variation measures. I focus my discussion on practical uses of the measures emphasizing what I consider to be the most noteworthy empirical findings to date pertaining to volatility forecasting and asset pricing.
On the Cyclicality of Real Wages and Employment: New Evidence and Stylized Facts from Performance Pay and Fixed Wage Jobs
Authors: Makridis Christos A , Gittleman Maury 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using the National Compensation Survey between 2004 and 2017, we document four stylized facts and quantify cyclical heterogeneity among performance pay (PP) and fixed wage (FW) jobs. First, there is substantial dispersion in the incidence of PP, even within the same occupation; hourly compensation growth in PP jobs has been nearly three-times as large as that in FW jobs; the share of PP is increasing in employer size; the provision of PP is largely a firm-level decision. Second, we find that hourly compensation growth among PP (FW) jobs increases (decreases) in response to state employment growth. Furthermore, FW jobs respond primarily by adjusting the extensive margin of employment. Our estimates are identified off of comparisons of similar jobs within the same establishment over time. These business cycle dynamics are consistent with models that feature heterogeneity in organizational practices, allowing firms to adjust to uncertainty over the business cycle under flexibility in compensation contracts. (JEL J21, J22, J31, E32, M55).
Improving the DNA Barcode Library of Mosquito Species With New Identifications and Discoveries in North-Central Argentina
Authors: Laurito M , Ayala A M , Arias-Builes D L , Almirón W R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe family Culicidae is represented by 244 species in Argentina, many of them with epidemiological importance. DNA barcodes are effective tools for identifying mosquito species, for knowing genetic variability, and for establishing phylogenetic relationships. This work aims to explore mosquito diversity employing different species delimitation approaches and to establish formally a DNA barcode library for the Argentinian mosquito fauna. Barcode fragments of 80 specimens of Argentinian mosquitoes of 28 species of the genera Aedeomyia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae), Anopheles Meigen (Diptera: Culicidae), Coquillettidia Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex L. (Diptera: Culicidae), Haemagogus Williston (Diptera: Culicidae), Mansonia Blanchard (Diptera: Culicidae), Nyssorhynchus Blanchard (Diptera: Culicidae), Ochlerotatus Lynch-Arribálzaga (Diptera: Culicidae), Psorophora Robinneau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Culicidae) and Uranotaenia Lynch-Arribálzaga (Diptera: Culicidae) were sequenced. Another 82 sequences were obtained from public databases to establish the phylogenetic relationships using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, and the species boundaries based on three approaches (ABGD, GMYC, and mPTP). Sixteen of the 28 species sequenced were recovered as monophyletic, of which 12 were also recognized as molecular operational taxonomic units according to the three methodologies. The disparity between morphology and barcode-based identifications could be explained by synonymy, species complexes occurrence, hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, or the effect of the geographical scale of sampling. Twenty of the 28 sequenced species are new barcodes for Argentina and 11 are the first for science. This increases from 31 to 52 (12.7 to 21.31%) and from six to 10 (28.57 to 47.62%) the number of species and genera, respectively, with barcode sequences in Argentina. New species records are provided.
Why Intellectual Disability Poses a Challenge to the Received View of Capacity and a Potential Response
Authors: Graber Abraham , Kreusel Andy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While copious quantities of ink have been spilled on the topic of autonomy in the context of health care, little has been written about autonomy in relation to intellectual disability. After presenting the received account of capacity, we argue that it cannot account for the moral permissibility of limiting an individual with intellectual disability’s access to diet soda. In cases of preventative medicine and intellectual disability, the philosophical motivation for the received account of capacity is incompatible with the actions it recommends. We consider and reject several potential solutions; then, drawing on applied behavior analysis and the phenomenon of automatic reinforcement, we propose our own solution. The article concludes by considering the broader implications of our discussion.
Multisided Platform Analysis and Competition Law Enforcement Practice in Brics Countries
Authors: Golovanova Svetlana , Pontual Ribeiro Eduardo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As leading businesses organize themselves as two-sided platforms, developed economies competition authorities have adapted their practice. Younger jurisdictions also face the challenge to review and use new analytics. We explore the recent evolution of two-sided platform markets analysis in BRICS countries, focusing on a key point for competition policy enforcement: relevant market definition. The extensive review suggests that the countries have adopted the concepts and analytical practice for two-sided platform relevant market definition at different paces. Differences in competition policy institutional design might account for the heterogeneity. BRICS authorities with broader mandates, that handle larger number of cases, and with no separation between adjudication and investigation have lagged in the adoption of such tools and practices.
Price Premium Requirements for Growing Higher Quality Pine Sawtimber in Even-Aged Systems in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Regmi Arun , Grebner Donald L , Willis John L , Grala Robert K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntensive pine silviculture has become the dominant management paradigm in the southeastern United States. Although productivity has been substantially increased by the combination of cultural, silvicultural, and genetic advancements, wood quality is sometimes sacrificed in intensive silviculture. Extending the optimal rotation allows trees to grow more timber, which may result in the production of better quality sawtimber; however, landowners may require incentives to do so. We simulated loblolly, slash, shortleaf, and longleaf pine for growth and yield using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) to determine sawtimber price premiums landowners would require to offset the costs associated with delaying the final harvest by 10 to 30 years in even-aged systems. Required incentives increased with the length of harvesting delay beyond the financially optimal rotation age. On medium productivity sites, landowners would be willing to delay the final harvest by 10 years for sawtimber price premiums of $5.06/ton (20.47%) for loblolly, $5.34/ton (21.6%) for slash, $4.56/ton (18.45%) for longleaf, and $6.71/ton (27.14%) shortleaf pine, respectively. Harvest delays of 10 to 20 years were financially justifiable, whereas extensions exceeding 30 years were prohibitively costly for all species. Delaying the optimal harvest could benefit landowners by generating a premium price for their sawtimber while providing important ecosystem services.
Commercial Military Actors and Civilian Victimization in Africa, Middle East, Latin America, and Asia, 1980–2011
Authors: Penel Charlotte , Petersohn Ulrich 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The current international normative order strongly condemns strategies of civilian victimization, and actors engaging in atrocities face material, criminal, and reputational sanctions. The growth of the market for force has raised concerns about clients outsourcing atrocities to commercial military actors (CMAs), such as private military and security companies or mercenaries, and thereby circumventing accountability under international norms. This investigation explores whether interactions on the market for force are associated with an increase in the likelihood of violence against civilians. We argue that there is a variance in market interactions. While some market actors will comply with international norms, others will take advantage and circumvent normative restrictions. The crucial factor determining compliance and noncompliance are costs of norm violation, which vary across market actors. Those clients and CMAs with a higher exposure to sanctions, or an interest in the status quo of the normative order, are less likely to be associated with norm violations, and vice versa. We test our claims using a negative binomial regression and by drawing on new data from the Commercial Military Actor Dataset, which records contracting for force and force-related services. Overall, we found that there is a market segment where actors use market relations to circumvent international norms, yet mostly market interactions appear to comply with international norms.
A Survey to Assess Serological Prevalence of Poliovirus Antibodies in Areas With High-Risk for Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Transmission in Chad
Authors: Gamougam Kadidja , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Jones Kathryn A V , Mainou Bernardo A , Palmer Tess , Diaha Aissata , Wiesen Eric , Ntezayabo Benoit , Ayangma Richelot , Soke Norbert Gnakub , Samba Dhoud , Okiror Samuel , Mach Ondrej 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
World Health Organization African region is wild poliovirus-free; however, outbreaks of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) continue to expand across the continent including in Chad. We conducted a serological survey of polio antibodies in polio high-risk areas of Chad to assess population immunity against poliovirus and estimate the risk of future outbreaks.

Methods
This was a community-based, cross-sectional survey carried out in September 2019. Children between 12 and 59 months were randomly selected using GIS enumeration of structures. Informed consent, demographic and anthropometric data, vaccination history, and blood spots were collected. Seropositivity against all 3 poliovirus serotypes was assessed using a microneutralization assay at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Results
Analyzable data were obtained from 236 out of 285 (82.8%) enrolled children. Seroprevalence of polio antibodies for serotypes 1, 2, and 3 was 214/236 (90.7%); 145/236 (61.4%); and 196/236 (86.2%), respectively. For serotype 2, the seroprevalence significantly increased with age (P = .004); chronic malnutrition was a significant risk factor for being type 2-seronegative.

Interpretation
Poliovirus type 2 seroprevalence in young children was considered insufficient to protect against the spread of paralytic diseases caused by VDPV2. Indeed, VDPV2 outbreaks were reported from Chad in 2019 and 2020. High-quality immunization response to these outbreaks is needed to prevent further spread.
Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the Modern Era
Authors: Melvin Ann J , Mohan Kathleen M , Vora Surabhi B , Selke Stacy , Sullivan Erin , Wald Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Over the past several decades, there have been advances in diagnosis and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. There has been no recent comprehensive evaluation of the impact of these advances on the management and outcomes for neonates with HSV.

Methods
Clinical data for initial presentation, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted from medical records of neonates with HSV treated at Seattle Children’s Hospital between 1980 and 2016.

Results
One hundred thirty infants with a diagnosis of neonatal HSV were identified. Between 1980 and 2016, high-dose acyclovir treatment for neonatal HSV infection increased from 0% to close to 95%, with subsequent decrease in overall HSV-related mortality from 20.9% to 5.6%. However, even among infants treated with high-dose acyclovir, mortality was 40.9% for infants with disseminated (DIS) disease, and only 55% of infants with central nervous system (CNS) disease were without obvious neurologic abnormalities at 24 months. Over the study period, the time between initial symptoms and diagnosis decreased. Skin recurrences were more common with HSV-2 than HSV-1 (80% vs 55%; P = .02) and in infants with lesions at initial diagnosis (76% vs 47%; P = .02).

Conclusion
Changes in the standard of care for management of neonatal HSV disease have led to improvements in timeliness of diagnosis and outcome but mortality in infants with DIS disease and neurologic morbidity in infants with CNS disease remain high. Future research should focus on prevention of perinatal infection and subsequent recurrences.
Emotions as Causal Mechanisms and Strategic Resources for Action in the Study of Professions, Professionals, and Professional Service Firms
Authors: Lelasseux Laure , Lander Michel W , Barbulescu Roxana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProfessions are imbued with values that form the core of a professional’s identity. When professionals are faced with internal or external contradictions or affirmations of this identity, positive and negative emotions ensue, often fostering agency. While most research on professions focuses on cognitive and structural arguments to explain professional agency, we show the added benefit of examining emotions as (1) causal mechanisms fostering action and (2) strategic resources for action. We illustrate these ideas with data from a field study on French doctors specializing in reproductive medicine and dealing with the restrictive regulation on assisted medical procreation. We identify six research areas that would benefit from an explicit focus on emotions and suggest specific research questions and directions for future work for each.
Surgical management of atrial-esophageal fistula as a complication of atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Duda Amber , Beers Kevin , Mitiek Mohi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Atrial-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare, but life-threatening complication of ablative treatments for atrial fibrillation. Although the incidence of this complication is low, the mortality is very high. There are many surgical approaches to this disease but we offer a novel technique to reduce the number of incisions used and provides central cannulation. It also allows for repair of both the esophagus and atrium and buttresses these repairs, which have both been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality. The technique has been successful in our three patients and can be considered as an approach to surgical management of AEF.
Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine after 6 months
Authors: Ponticelli Domenico , Antonazzo Ippazio C , Caci Grazia , Vitale Andrea , Della Ragione Giovanni , Romano Maria L , Borrelli Mario , Schiavone Beniamino , Polosa Riccardo , Ferrara Pietro 
Published: October 2021

This sero-survey describes the level and time-trend of antibodies elicited by BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months. A strong seroconversion was seen at 30-day serology, with persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG through 6 months from vaccination. However, the level of vaccine-induced antibodies started to decrease from the second month.
Does the politics matter? Legal and political economy analysis of contracting decisions in Ghana’s upstream oil and gas industry
Authors: Stephens Thomas Kojo , Acheampong Theophilus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ghana is often cited as one of Africa’s most stable democracies. Since 2004, the country has awarded 18 petroleum agreements to various international oil companies (IOCs) and their local partners to explore for hydrocarbons in its offshore basins. In 2010, Ghana became an oil-producing country following earlier commercial discoveries in 2007. Nevertheless, the likelihood of the Ghanaian State getting its fair share of petrodollar revenues primarily depends on its ability to negotiate good petroleum contracts and effectively regulate the industry. This article examines the legal and political economy factors that influence contract outcomes in Ghana’s oil and gas industry. It sheds light on how the inner workings of the political economy, especially in a competitive clientelist setup involving intense electoral competition between two dominant parties in an emerging oil-producing country, influence contractual outcomes—an area less explored in the literature. We find that the country's emerging oil and gas industry has become deeply intertwined with the pervasive, entrenched and clientelist multi-party politics of the day. As such, entrenched rentier social groups—business and political elites—have sometimes sabotaged institutional reform to create conditions that favour rent capture. This is evident, for example, in the award of oil and gas licensing and other supply chain contracts. Ghana’s post-1992 ‘winner takes all’ political mindset and the perceived big financial bonanzas the oil industry offers, resulted in suspicions of impropriety regarding the award of some oil acreages. We argue that if the laws were allowed to work, as they should in practice, Ghana’s oil and gas industry would be better regulated, and better outcomes would arise from the contracting process. Discretionary power should be limited as much as possible and, where granted, subject to a high level of scrutiny.
Truth tables for modal logics T and S4, by using three-valued non-deterministic level semantics
Authors: Grätz Lukas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNovel three-valued non-deterministic level semantics for modal logics $\textbf {T}$ and $\textbf {S4}$ are presented. A criterion for partial level valuations is given, making it possible to create truth tables. Additionally, semantics and truth tables for $\textbf {0}$ (defined as $\textbf {PC}$ plus rule of necessitation) and $\textbf {0T}$ with only two values are based on Ivlev’s work. We need Kearns’ notion of level valuations: a generalization of Dugundji’s theorem shows that there is no non-deterministic semantics for modal logics up to $\textbf {S5}$, containing the rule of necessitation.
Wind-luminosity evolution in NLS1 AGN 1H 0707−495
Authors: Xu Yerong , Pinto Ciro , Bianchi Stefano , Kosec Peter , Parker Michael L , Walton Dominic J , Fabian Andrew C , Guainazzi Matteo , Barret Didier , Cusumano Giancarlo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Ultrafast outflows (UFOs) have been detected in the high-quality X-ray spectra of a number of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with fairly high accretion rates and are thought to significantly contribute to the AGN feedback. After a decade of dedicated study, their launching mechanisms and structure are still not well understood, but variability techniques may provide useful constraints. In this work therefore we perform a flux-resolved X-ray spectroscopy on a highly accreting and variable NLS1 AGN, 1H 0707−495, using all archival XMM–Newton observations to study the structure of the UFO. We find that the wind spectral lines weaken at higher luminosities, most likely due to an increasing ionization parameter as previously found in a few similar sources. Instead, the velocity is anticorrelated with the luminosity, which is opposite to the trend observed in the NLS1 IRAS 13224−3809. Furthermore, the detection of the emission lines, which are not observed in IRAS 13224−3809, indicates a wind with a larger opening angle in 1H 0707−495, presumably due to a higher accretion rate. The emitting gas is found to remain broadly constant with the luminosity. We describe the variability of the wind with a scenario where the strong radiation extends the launch radius outwards and shields the outer emitting gas, similarly to super-Eddington compact objects, although other possible explanations are discussed. Our work provides several hints for a multiphase outflow in 1H 0707−495.
Pulsating subdwarf B stars in the oldest open cluster NGC 6791
Authors: Sanjayan S , Baran A S , Ostrowski J , Németh P , Pelisoli I , Østensen R , Kern J W , Reed M D , Sahoo S K 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We report results of our analysis of the Kepler superaperture LC data of the open cluster NGC 6791 to search for pulsating sdB stars. We checked all pixels and we found only three sdB stars to be pulsating, KIC 2569576 (B3), KIC 2438324 (B4), and KIC 2437937 (B5). These stars were known to be pulsators before, though we extended data coverage detecting more frequencies and features in their amplitude spectra, i.e. new multiplets and more complete period spacing sequences that we used for identifying geometry of the pulsation modes. The multiplet splittings were also used to derive rotation periods. The remaining known sdBs do not show any pulsation-related light variation down to our detection thresholds. We analysed already existing spectroscopic observations taken with the HECTOSPEC at the MMT telescope in Smithsonian Arizona and with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at the Gemini North telescope, and fitted atmospheric parameters using the Balmer lines. Four stars, B3 – B6, show atmospheric parameters that are consistent with g-mode dominated sdBs. We detected hints of radial velocity variability in B3, B5, and B6, indicating these three stars may be in binaries.