bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T Cell Response After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Reuken P A , Andreas N , Grunert P C , Glöckner S , Kamradt T , Stallmach A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Vaccination is a promising strategy to protect vulnerable groups like immunocompromised inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients from an infection with SARS-CoV-2. These patients may have lower immune responses. Little is known about the cellular and humoral immune response after a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients.

Methods
Totals of 28 patients with IBD and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited at Jena University Hospital. Blood samples were taken before, after the first, and in a subgroup of 11 patients after second dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Cellular immune response, including IFN-γ and TNF-α response and antibody titres, were analysed.

Results
Overall, 71.4% of the IBD patients and 85.2% of the controls showed levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies above the cutoff of 33.8 BAU/ml [p = 0.329] after the first dose. Even in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IBD patients showed significant T cell responses after first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared with healthy controls, which was not influenced by different immunosuppressive regimens. Associated with the vaccination, we could also detect a slight increase of the TNF production among SARS-CoV-2-reactive TH cells in healthy donorsn [HD] and IBD patients. After the second dose of vaccination, in IBD patients a further increase of humoral immune response in all but one patient was observed.

Conclusions
Already after the first dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, cellular immune response in IBD patients is comparable to controls, indicating a similar efficacy. However, close monitoring of long-term immunity in these patients should be considered.
New anatomical frozen elephant trunk graft for zone 0: endovascular technology reduces invasiveness of open surgery to the max
Authors: Pichlmaier Maximilian , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Hagl Christian , Peterss Sven 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The first-in-man implant of a custom-made branched frozen elephant trunk graft designed for an anastomosis in aortic arch zone 0 is reported. Combining endovascular technology with open surgical techniques has allowed for simplification of the open procedure with substantial reduction in circulatory arrest time and in the extent of the surgical preparations.
Understanding the life experiences of people with multiple complex needs: peer research in a health needs assessment
Authors: Harland Jill M , Adams Emma A , Boobis Sophie , Cheetham Mandy , Wiseman Alice , Ramsay Sheena E 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple complex needs (MCN) describe a population experiencing a combination of homelessness, substance use, offending and/or mental ill-health. Using peer researchers, this study aimed to explore the perspectives of individuals with lived experience of MCN with regards to (i) issues leading to MCN and (ii) key intervention opportunities.MethodsAs part of a health needs assessment in Gateshead (North East England), trained peer researchers interviewed 27 adults (aged ≥18 years) with experience of MCN, identified using purposive sampling methods. Peer researchers designed a topic guide for interviews which were audio recorded and thematically analyzed.ResultsInterviewees reported adverse childhood experiences leading to MCN including abuse, bereavement, parental imprisonment, family break-up and inadequate support. Mental ill-health, substance use, poverty, early experiences of unstable housing and acute homelessness were identified as major precedents for adulthood experiences of MCN. Between 16 and 20 years, access to housing, social and mental health support was perceived as having the potential to prevent circumstances worsening. Individuals perceived removing barriers to mental health, housing and welfare and financial supports could help.ConclusionsThis study highlights the perceived role austerity, adverse childhood events and current service provision have in current and future experiences of MCN. Individuals expressed a need for future interventions and support to be judgement free and provided by workers who are educated about MCN and related adversity. Involving peer researchers and individuals with experience of MCN in future research and service provision could ensure appropriate measures and supports are put in place.
Evolution of the Insect PPK Gene Family
Authors: Latorre-Estivalis Jose Manuel , Almeida Francisca C , Pontes Gina , Dopazo Hernán , Barrozo Romina B , Lorenzo Marcelo Gustavo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Insect pickpocket (PPK) receptors mediate diverse functions, among them the detection of mechano- and chemo-sensory stimuli. Notwithstanding their relevance, studies on their evolution only focused on Drosophila. We have analyzed the genomes of 26 species of eight orders including holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects (Blattodea, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Phthiraptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera), to characterize the evolution of this gene family. PPKs were detected in all genomes analyzed, with 578 genes distributed in seven subfamilies. According to our phylogeny, ppk17 is the most divergent member, composing the new subfamily VII. PPKs evolved under a gene birth-and-death model that generated lineage-specific expansions usually located in clusters, while purifying selection affected several orthogroups. Subfamily V was the largest, including a mosquito-specific expansion that can be considered a new target for pest control. PPKs present a high gene turnover generating considerable variation. On one hand, Musca domestica (59), Aedes albopictus (51), Culex quinquefasciatus (48), and Blattella germanica (41) presented the largest PPK repertoires. On the other hand, Pediculus humanus (only ppk17), bees, and ants (6–9) had the smallest PPK sets. A subset of prevalent PPKs was identified, indicating very conserved functions for these receptors. Finally, at least 20% of the sequences presented calmodulin-binding motifs, suggesting that these PPKs may amplify sensory responses similarly as proposed for Drosophila melanogaster ppk25. Overall, this work characterized the evolutionary history of these receptors revealing relevant unknown gene sequence features and clade-specific expansions.
Mitochondrial mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans show signatures of oxidative damage and an AT-bias
Authors: Waneka Gus , Svendsen Joshua M , Havird Justin C , Sloan Daniel B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rapid mutation rates are typical of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) in animals, but it is not clear why. The difficulty of obtaining measurements of mtDNA mutation that are not biased by natural selection has stymied efforts to distinguish between competing hypotheses about the causes of high mtDNA mutation rates. Several studies which have measured mtDNA mutations in nematodes have yielded small datasets with conflicting conclusions about the relative abundance of different substitution classes (i.e., the mutation spectrum). We therefore leveraged Duplex Sequencing, a high-fidelity DNA sequencing technique, to characterize de novo mtDNA mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans. This approach detected nearly an order of magnitude more mtDNA mutations than documented in any previous nematode mutation study. Despite an existing extreme AT bias in the C. elegans mtDNA (75.6% AT), we found that a significant majority of mutations increase genomic AT content. Compared to some prior studies in nematodes and other animals, the mutation spectrum reported here contains an abundance of CG→AT transversions, supporting the hypothesis that oxidative damage may be a driver of mtDNA mutations in nematodes. Furthermore, we found an excess of G→T and C→T changes on the coding DNA strand relative to the template strand, consistent with increased exposure to oxidative damage. Analysis of the distribution of mutations across the mtDNA revealed significant variation among protein-coding genes and as well as among neighboring nucleotides. This high-resolution view of mitochondrial mutations in C. elegans highlights the value of this system for understanding relationships among oxidative damage, replication error, and mtDNA mutation.
Feeling Younger in Rural Burkina Faso: Exploring the Role of Subjective Age in the Light of Previous Research From High-Income Countries
Authors: Schönstein Anton , Ngo Dinh Thao Trinh , Stephan Yannick , Siè Ali , Harling Guy , Bärnighausen Till , Wahl Hans-Werner 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Previous research on subjective age (SA), that is, how young or old a person feels relative to their chronological age, has shown that older adults tend to feel younger than they are (by about 15%–20%), but the extent of this effect depends, in part, on their health. However, as most of the studies have been conducted in Western countries, it is unclear how well these results generalize to culturally different samples. Objectives, therefore, were to examine SA in middle-aged and older adults from a very low-income setting in rural Burkina Faso, to examine associations between SA and health/quality of life-related measures, and to compare findings with Western studies.

Methods
Representative, cross-sectional sample of N = 3,028 adults (≥40 years, recruited in 2018) from north-western Burkina Faso. Data included questionnaires on depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life scale, including subjective health) as well as performance-based and objective health-related measures (Community Screening Instrument for Dementia as cognitive screening, walking speed).

Results
Respondents felt on average 3% younger (SD = 0.13) than their chronological age, with 48% (95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.50) feeling younger—27 percentage points lower than seen in representative Western studies. Lower depression, better walking speed, cognition, and quality of life were all associated with younger SA.

Discussion
Middle-aged and older adults in Nouna felt less young than similar age groups in Western studies. One of the reasons may be that youthfulness is less of a value outside Western cultures. As in Western studies, parts of the variation in SA can be explained by health parameters.
Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression Is Marked by an Expansion of a Highly Suppressive Repertoire of FOXP3+ T-Regulatory Cells Expressing TIGIT
Authors: de Lima Mikhael Haruo Fernandes , Hiroki Carlos Hiroji , de Fátima Borges Vanessa , Cebinelli Guilherme Cesar Martelossi , Santos Jessica , Rosa Marcos Henrique , Silva Camila Meirelles S , Wanderley Carlos Wagner S , Gonçalves Augusto Velozo , Quirino Gustavo Fernando Silva , Zamboni Dario S , Cunha Thiago M , Filho José-Carlos A , Cunha Fernando Q 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Although the literature shows that an increase in both the number and suppressive function of CD4+forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs) during sepsis contributes to an immunosuppressed state, little is known about the identity of these cells.

Methods
Using the sepsis mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we analyzed the frequency and molecular signature of the T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT)+ and TIGIT− Treg subsets, using flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, ST2−/− and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)−/− mice were submitted to CLP or recombinant interleukin 33 (IL-33) treatment to investigate the mechanism whereby TIGIT+ Tregs differentiate during sepsis.

Results
Sepsis was marked by the sustained expansion of the highly suppressive TIGIT+ Treg subset, which expresses Helios, neuropilin 1, and high levels of Tnfrsf18 and Pdcd1 at 15 days after CLP. The increase in TIGIT+ Tregs was accompanied by higher susceptibility to nosocomial bacteria challenge, suggesting their association with post sepsis immunosuppression. Mechanistically, we found that the ST2 deletion abrogated the expansion of the TIGIT+ Treg subset during sepsis. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant IL-33 resulted in the expansion of TIGIT+ Tregs depending on the STAT6 and M2 macrophages.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrated that only the TIGIT+ Tregs remain stably expanded at the late phase of sepsis. Moreover, the expansion of TIGIT+ Tregs is dependent on the IL-33/ST2/STAT6/M2 macrophage axis.
Combined lumbar spine MRI and CT appropriateness checklist: a quality improvement project in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Madani larijani Maryam , Azizian Amir , Carr Tracey , Adams Scott j , Groot Gary 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
As rates of advanced imaging for lower back pain (LBP) continue to increase, there is a need to ensure the appropriateness of imaging.

Objective
The goal of this project was to reduce the number of inappropriate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) requests for LBP patients and facilitate appropriate imaging by developing a combined imaging appropriateness checklist for lumbar spine MRI and CT.

Methods
In prior work, we developed and adopted individual evidence-based lumbar spine MRI and CT checklists into the radiology requisition process. In the current project, a combined checklist was developed and trialed in one of the former Saskatchewan health regions (Five Hills) beginning in May 2018. Using statistical process control, control charts compared the monthly number of imaging requests pre-checklist implementation and post-checklist implementation from May 2017 to February 2020. The monthly number of lumbar spine MRI and CT requisitions in the nearby former Saskatchewan Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, in which the combined checklist was not trialed, was also plotted and compared as a balancing measure.

Results
In Five Hills, a shift (decrease) was observed in the monthly number of lumbar spine MRI requisitions 7 months following the implementation of the combined checklist. However, the monthly number of lumbar spine CT requisitions did not change significantly. In the Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, there was a shift (increase) in the monthly number of lumbar spine MRI requisitions, while the monthly number of lumbar spine CT requests decreased after the implementation of the combined checklist.

Conclusions
The combined checklist with evidence-based indications for lumbar spine MRI and CT imaging in LBP patients appeared to reduce the complexity associated with two previous individual checklists and facilitate imaging appropriateness. Accountable benefits may include the reduction of radiation exposure as a result of unnecessary and repeated imaging and reduction in wait times for CT and/or MRI.
OpenNotes: Anticipatory Guidance and Ethical Considerations for Pediatric Psychologists in Interprofessional Settings
Authors: Fogler Jason M , Ratliff-Schaub Karen , McGuinn Laura , Crutchfield Parker , Schwartz Justin , Soares Neelkamal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The 21st Century Cures Act included an “OpenNotes” mandate to foster transparent communication among patients, families, and clinicians by offering rapid electronic access to clinical notes. This article seeks to address concerns about increased documentation burden, vulnerability to patient complaints, and other unforeseen consequences of patients having near-real-time access to their records.

Methods
This topical review explores both extant literature, and case examples from the authors’ direct experience, about potential responses/reactions to OpenNotes.

Results
The ethics of disclosing medical information calls for nuanced approaches: Although too little access can undermine a patient’s autonomy and the capacity for truly egalitarian shared decision-making, unfettered access to all medical information has significant potential to harm them. Suggested strategies for mitigating risks in premature disclosure include patient and provider education and “modularizing” sensitive information in notes.

Conclusion
The OpenNotes era has ushered in the possibilities of greater patient and family collaboration in shared decision-making and reduced barriers to documentation sharing. However, it has raised new ethical and clinician documentation considerations. In addition to clinician education, patients and families could benefit from education around the purpose of clinical documentation, how to utilize OpenNotes, and the benefits of engaging in dialogue regarding the content and tone of documentation.
Electronic Cigarette Terminology: Where Does One Generation End and the Next Begin?
Authors: Ozga Jenny E , Felicione Nicholas J , Douglas Ashley , Childers Margaret , Blank Melissa D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Implications: The electronic cigarette (ECIG) research community faces several challenges when it comes to regulatory science; not only is the ECIG market changing at a rapid pace, but the terms used by researchers, health organizations, ECIG users, and ECIG manufacturers/distributors to describe devices are inconsistent. These discrepancies make it difficult to advance science and develop regulations. Although researchers have used “generations” to categorize ECIG device types based on various characteristics, with the constantly evolving ECIG market, it is unclear where one “generation” of devices ends and the next begins.
Inflation trends in Asia: implications for central banks
Authors: Garcia Juan Angel , Poon Aubrey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article shows that trend inflation estimation offers crucial insights for the analysis of inflation dynamics and long-term inflation expectations. Focusing on the 12 largest Asian economies, a sample comprising both advanced and emerging economies and different monetary policy regimes, we show that trend inflation analysis can help explain the different impact of the disinflationary shocks across countries. Among countries with inflation below target in recent years, in those with trend inflation low but constant (Australia, New Zealand) low inflation may be lasting, but temporary, while those in which trend inflation has declined (South Korea, Thailand) risk low inflation to become entrenched and a de-anchoring of expectations. Countries like India, Philippines, and Indonesia instead experienced a moderation in inflation and lower trend inflation, while others (China, Taiwan, Hong Kong SAR, Malaysia) were impacted very mildly. That diverse international evidence offers important insights for central banks worldwide.
Durable Cognitive Gains and Symptom Improvement Are Observed in Individuals With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia 6 Months After a Randomized Trial of Auditory Training Completed Remotely
Authors: Loewy Rachel , Fisher Melissa , Ma Sisi , Carter Cameron , Ragland J Daniel , Niendam Tara A , Stuart Barbara , Schlosser Danielle , Amirfathi Felix , Yohannes Seghel , Vinogradov Sophia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia predicts functional outcomes and is largely unresponsive to pharmacology or psychotherapy; it is thus a critical unmet treatment need. This article presents the impact of remotely completed, intensive, targeted auditory training (AT) vs control condition computer games (CG) in a double-blind randomized trial in young adults with recent-onset schizophrenia.

Method
Participants (N = 147) were assessed for cognition, symptoms, and functioning at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. All participants were provided with laptop computers and were instructed to complete 40 hours remotely of training or computer games. An intent-to-treat analysis (N = 145) was performed using linear mixed models with time modeled as a continuous variable. Planned contrasts tested the change from baseline to post-training, baseline to 6-month follow-up, and post-training to 6-month follow-up.

Results
Global Cognition, which had improved in the AT group relative to the CG group at post-training, showed durable gains at 6-month follow-up in an omnibus group-by-time interaction test (F(1,179) = 4.80, P = .030), as did Problem-Solving (F(1,179) = 5.13, P = .025), and Speed of Processing improved at trend level significance (F(1,170) = 3.80, P = .053). Furthermore, the AT group showed significantly greater improvement than the CG group in positive symptoms (F(1,179) = 4.06, P = .045).

Conclusions
These results provide the first evidence of durable cognitive gains and symptom improvement at follow-up of cognitive training (CT) in early schizophrenia completed independently and remotely. While functioning did not show significant improvement, these findings suggest that intensive targeted CT of auditory processing is a promising component of early intervention to promote recovery from psychosis.
Making AIMS Explicit: Establishing Intersectionality Criteria for Gender Equity Analyses
Authors: Goodkind Sara , Gartner Rachel E , Jacobs Leah A , Branson Dominique , King Jorden , Meaux Siera , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSocial work researchers often conduct population-level analyses of equity, sometimes focusing on how social and economic well-being are differently experienced depending on gender. In response to the United States’ refusal to ratify the United Nations’ Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, city-level campaigns began conducting gender equity analyses to highlight and address inequality. To date, these analyses have largely focused on gender alone, affording little attention to other axes of inequality. This article argues that theories of intersectionality offer a conceptual antidote to this narrow focus on gender. Drawing on extant literature, authors developed four criteria to guide intersectional gender equity analyses: (1) analyzes power, (2) interprets population and phenomena in context, (3) mutually constituted and interdependent category use, and (4) strategic and transparent social justice goals (which can be abbreviated as AIMS). Taking a metaevaluation approach, they applied the AIMS criteria to assess existing gender equity analyses. Results indicate ways in which these criteria can be met and the implications of taking intersectional approaches. Ultimately, the AIMS criteria offer guidance to social work research that can systematically and intentionally integrate core intersectionality principles and, in turn, support efforts to promote equity in our systems and institutions.
Updated Management Protocol for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Authors: Takia Lalit , Angurana Suresh Kumar , Nallasamy Karthi , Bansal Arun , Muralidharan Jayashree 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post-viral immunological or hyper-inflammatory complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection commonly seen in older children, who commonly present with fever, multi-systemic involvement including myocardial dysfunction and shock, and hyper-inflammation. The treatment of MIS-C is adapted from the treatment of other immunological or hyper-inflammatory conditions and these treatment protocols are not uniform across the globe, and more so, in India. We propose a uniform management protocol for MIS-C based on our experience of treating MIS-C cases, available evidence till now, and recent guidelines. The aims are to identify children with MIS-C with high sensitivity, recognize other infections or inflammatory processes, stratify treatment based on severity, and manage hyper-inflammatory syndrome.