bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light and darkness: consistently coupling dark matter to photons via effective operators
Authors: Arina Chiara , Cheek Andrew , Mimasu Ken , Pagani Luca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider the treatment of fermionic dark matter interacting with photons via dimension-5 and -6 effective operators, arguing that one should always use hypercharge gauge field form factors, instead of those of the photon. Beyond the simple observation that the electromagnetic form factor description breaks down at the electroweak scale, we show how the additional couplings to the Z boson predicted by the hypercharge form factors modify the relic density calculation and indirect detection limits for dark matter masses of a few tens of GeV and above. Furthermore, constraints from the invisible Z decay width can be competitive for masses below 10 GeV. We review the phenomenology of hypercharge form factors at the LHC as well as for direct and indirect detection experiments. We highlight where the electromagnetic and hypercharge descriptions lead to wildly different conclusions about the viable parameter space and the relative sensitivity of various probes, namely vector boson fusion versus mono-jet constraints from the LHC, and indirect versus direct searches, for larger dark matter masses. We find that the dimension-5 operators are strongly constrained by direct detection bounds, while for dimension-6 operators LHC mono-jet searches are competitive or better than the other probes we consider.
Optical Coherence Tomography Versus Intravascular Ultrasound and Angiography to Guide Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Chamié Daniel , Costa J. Ribamar , Damiani Lucas P. , Siqueira Dimytri , Braga Sérgio , Costa Ricardo , Seligman Henry , Brito Freddy , Barreto Guilherme , Staico Rodolfo , Feres Fausto , Petraco Ricardo , Abizaid Alexandre 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Specific algorithms for use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are scarce. Also, the relative benefits of intravascular imaging guidance have not been tested against an optimized angiography-guided PCI strategy. In iSIGHT (Optical Coherence Tomography Versus Intravascular Ultrasound and Angiography to Guide Percutaneous Coronary Interventions), we aimed to investigate whether OCT-guided PCI achieves noninferior stent expansion compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance and if both imaging modalities lead to superior stent expansion compared with an optimized angiography-based strategy.

Methods:
Patients ≥18 years old undergoing PCI for ≥1 lesion in native coronaries of 2.25 to 4.00 mm in diameter were randomized 1:1:1 to OCT-, IVUS-, or angiography-guided PCI. Predetermined guidance protocols were applied in all groups. An external elastic membrane–based protocol was used for stent sizing by OCT and IVUS. The primary end point was noninferiority of stent expansion (minimum stent area ≥90% of the average reference lumen area), measured by post-PCI OCT, in OCT-guided versus IVUS-guided PCI (noninferiority margin, 6.5%).

Results:

One hundred fifty-one patients (156 lesions) were randomly allocated to OCT (51 lesions [32.7%]), IVUS (52 lesions [33.3%]), or angiography (53 lesions [34.0%]). Stent expansion with OCT guidance (98.01±16.14%) was noninferior to IVUS (91.69±15.75%; 1-sided lower 95% CI, 0.55 mm
2
;
P
non-inferiority
<0.001) and superior to angiography (90.53±14.84%,
P
=0.041). IVUS and angiography obtained similar stent expansions (
P
=0.921). Stent edge dissection and periprocedural complication rates were not significantly different among the groups.

Conclusions:
Stent expansion with OCT guidance using a dedicated external elastic membrane–based sizing strategy was noninferior to that achieved with IVUS and superior to an optimized angiographic strategy.

Registration:

URL:
plataformabrasil.saude.gov.br
; Unique identifier: 69968417.8.0000.5462.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stenting for All Ductal-Dependent Cyanotic Infants
Authors: Ratnayaka Kanishka , Nageotte Stephen J. , Moore John W. , Guyon Peter W. , Bhandari Krishna , Weber Rachel L. , Lee Jesse W. , You Hyeri , Griffin Danica A. , Rao Rohit P. , Nigro John J. , El-Said Howaida G. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Ductal-dependent cyanotic newborns require a secure source of pulmonary blood flow. There has been a recent migration to selective ductal (patent ductus arteriosus [PDA]) stenting for some of these children. Universal (nonselective) ductal stenting for all infants with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow is controversial. We examine outcomes from a single center with this practice change.

Methods:
We compare outcomes of all ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow infants (2013–2020 [January–June]) in the following treatment eras: Era 1 (selective PDA stenting; 2013–2017) or Era 2 (universal PDA stenting; 2018–2020 [January–June]).

Results:

Eighty-eight patients (Blalock-Taussig shunt, n=41; PDA stent, n=47) met inclusion criteria. In Era 1, most received Blalock-Taussig shunt (62% [41/66]). In Era 2, all received PDA stents (100% [22/22]). There were more females in Era 2, but otherwise no demographic differences between eras. There were no differences in mortality, treatment failures, complications, or reinterventions between eras. Postprocedure length of stay was shorter in Era 2 (8 versus 22 days,
P
=0.02). There were less surgical revisions for PDA stent patients (2% versus 20%,
P
=0.02). Postprocedure recovery surrogate end points favored Era 2 and PDA stenting. Additional analysis revealed PDA stent (compared with Blalock-Taussig shunt) patients had shorter post-procedure (10 versus 29 days,
P
≤0.001) length of stay and more symmetrical branch pulmonary arteries (0.9 versus 0.7,
P
=0.001) at subsequent surgery.

Conclusions:
PDA stenting for almost all ductal dependent cyanotic newborns can be safe and effective and may have lower morbidity than selective PDA stenting.
US Antiarrhythmic Drug Treatment for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Insurance Claims–Based Report
Authors: Tardos Jonathan G. , Ronk Christopher J. , Patel Miraj Y. , Koren Andrew , Kim Michael H. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Current American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society guidelines and European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) for maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation. We assessed the concordance between healthcare provider real‐world practice and current guidelines with respect to first‐line AAD rhythm management.

Methods and Results

Administrative claims data from the deidentified Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database were used. Patients were included if they were initiated on an AAD in 2015 to 2016, had 1 year of continuous data availability before their first AAD pharmacy claim, and had a diagnosis for atrial fibrillation within that period. Concordance was assessed by comparing the AAD initiated by the healthcare provider against guideline recommendations for first‐line treatment, given the presence of heart failure, coronary artery disease, both, or neither (as determined by
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
and
Tenth Revision
[
ICD‐9
and
ICD‐10
] codes). Concordance was also assessed by provider type using Medicare taxonomy codes. For the 15 445 patients included, 51% of healthcare providers initiated AAD treatments with amiodarone, 18% flecainide, 15% sotalol, 8% dronedarone, 5% propafenone, and 2% dofetilide. The overall rate of guideline concordance was 61%, with differences by provider type: 67% for electrophysiologists, 61% for cardiologists, and 60% for others (internal medicine, etc).

Conclusions
There continues to be a sizable gap in concordance between practice and guidelines in first‐line rhythm management of patients with atrial fibrillation. Further research is needed to identify possible explanations for non–guideline‐recommended use of AADs, in addition to enhanced AAD educational strategies for practitioners.
Novel RyR2 Mutation (G3118R) Is Associated With Autosomal Recessive Ventricular Fibrillation and Sudden Death: Clinical, Functional, and Computational Analysis
Authors: Shauer Ayelet , Shor Oded , Wei Jinhong , Elitzur Yair , Kucherenko Nataly , Wang Ruiwu , Chen S. R. Wayne , Einav Yulia , Luria David 
Published: March 2021

Background

The cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) is a large homotetramer, located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which releases Ca
2+
from the SR during systole. The molecular mechanism underlying Ca
2+
sensing and gating of the RyR2 channel in health and disease is only partially elucidated. Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT1) is the most prevalent syndrome caused by RyR2 mutations.

Methods and Results

This study involves investigation of a family with 4 cases of ventricular fibrillation and sudden death and physiological tests in HEK 293 cells and normal mode analysis (NMA) computation. We found 4 clinically affected members who were homozygous for a novel RyR2 mutation, G3118R, whereas their heterozygous relatives are asymptomatic. G3118R is located in the periphery of the protein, far from the mutation hotspot regions. HEK293 cells harboring G3118R mutation inhibited Ca
2+
release in response to increasing doses of caffeine, but decreased the termination threshold for store‐overload‐induced Ca
2+
release, thus increasing the fractional Ca
2+
release in response to increasing extracellular Ca
2+
. NMA showed that G3118 affects RyR2 tetramer in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas in the model of homozygous mutant RyR2, the highest entropic values are assigned to the pore and the central regions of the protein.

Conclusions
RyR2 G3118R is related to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death in recessive mode of inheritance and has an effect of gain of function on the protein. Despite a peripheral location, it has an allosteric effect on the stability of central and pore regions in a dose‐effect manner.
An Iambic Quotation in Plato’s Timaeus
Authors: Tissol Garth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At Timaeus 86d2 Plato quotes a line and a third of iambic trimeter probably from an unknown tragedy, possibly from a comedy. Its context is Timaeus’ argument that one suffering from diseases of the soul is often considered willingly bad, but wrongly so: οὐχ ὡς νοσῶν ἀλλ’ ὡς ἑκὼν κακὸς κακῶς | δοξάζεται, ‘he is wrongly considered not as sick but as willingly bad’. This quotation has not to my knowledge been noted in scholarship. The prosaic vocabulary of the quotation is reminiscent of Euripides, whereas its theme links it to Deianeira’s remarks on the disease of eros in Sophocles’ Trachiniae. As transmitted in Parisinus A and printed in modern editions, the quotation is metrically defective, lacking the word κακῶς. I argue that it was lost by haplography and ought to be restored, as was proposed in the commentary of a sixteenth-century translator, Cornarius (1561).
Ecocriticism, Theology, and the Environment in Haviva Pedaya’s The Eye of the Cat
Authors: Hacohen-Bick Tafat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Haviva Pedaya’s book The Eye of the Cat presents an innovative theology of ecology, yet in correspondence with traditional Jewish-Kabbalistic sources. I discuss Pedaya’s ecopoetic reading of these sources, as well as her own midrashim in this regard. Pedaya raises questions regarding the place of man in the world; political questions regarding center and periphery; urbanization and nature; construction and destruction. These questions arise via the book’s unique poetic expression. Pedaya offers a theology of waste, addressing the place of garbage in the human sphere through the Kabbalistic idiom regarding the collection of qlipoth (“husks” ‮קליפות,‬‎). The Kabbalistic project of collecting the qlipoth, which previously functioned in the context of an esoteric and mostly secretive symbolic system, now takes on a different meaning in light of the real “husks” that demand to be collected and reused.
Legal Aspects of Movable Antiquities Protection in Jordanian Legislation: An Analytical Critical Study
Authors: Alkhasawneh Alaeldin Abdallah , Shiyab Tayil Mahmoud , Alshawabkeh Faisal Abdulhafez 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Movable antiquities are very important in peoples’ lives, as they reflect history, establish identity and revive the past. The Jordanian legislator issued Public Antiquities Law 21/1988 to impose a legal protection for antiquities. Through this study, we focus on the issue of the protection of legal movable antiquities in Jordan and determine whether the current provisions are sufficient to this end. We define the protected movable archeological properties in Jordanian legislation and certain comparative legislations. Thereafter, we deal with the means—whether administrative, civil or criminal—of legal protection for movable antiquities. By analyzing such protective legal provisions, we conclude that they are insufficient and in need of multiple supplements. We recommend reinforcing Jordan’s commitment to the protection of movable aniquities by changing legislative texts that reflect the importance of protection movable antiquities while promoting the legitimate trade and exchange of these materials.
Whose Politics? Whose Rights? Transparency, Capture and Dual-Use Export Controls
Authors: Wagner Ben 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What kinds of politics do export controls entail and whose rights do they enable? The following article will take a critical perspective on the governance challenges associated with export controls of dual-use technologies. After discussing challenges around transparency, the performance of human rights and export control havens, this article will then turn to looking at policy solutions, including audits, transparency and targeted international governance mechanisms. With conclusion, export controls continue to constitute an important policy tool to promote human rights and can be improved considerably to strengthen human rights further.
Language Policy in Public Compulsory Education Systems: Multiculturalism and National Identity in the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China
Authors: Ferrer Alessandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In 2018 the government of the Republic of China (roc) on Taiwan elevated certain Chinese languages, Taiwanese Indigenous languages, and Taiwan Sign Language to the status of national languages, seemingly marking the latest stage in an evolution of language education policy away from the long-standing focus on Mandarin. This paper analyses this evolution by comparing approaches to language education policy in contemporary Taiwan with those in the People’s Republic of China (prc). It focuses on how notions of multiculturalism, deployed to legitimate policy, have taken on different meanings in these divergent political contexts. I argue that in both the prc and Taiwan, multiculturalism primarily signifies symbolic recognition of minority and non-dominant languages, involving limited redistribution of power. The continued centrality of Mandarin reflects the powerful legacy in both the roc and the prc of discourses of national identity centred around Han Chineseness, despite significant differences in the deployment of multicultural rhetoric.
Introduction: Ecologising Taiwan
Authors: Bachner Andrea , Wang David Der-wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ecologising Taiwan means to think ecologically about, from, as well as by way of Taiwan. On the one hand, we ecologise Taiwan by viewing it through an ecological perspective; on the other hand, we also want to treat Taiwan itself as an agent that drives our thinking, no longer merely an object of our anthropocentric and anthropocenic gaze. Taiwan, as an island that encompasses a particularly wide range of biotopes, redefines insularity in its connectivity to other global spaces and networks: it pits its infinite potential for different encounters, relations, and comparisons against any bias of smallness and isolation. Culturally specific representations—the stories we tell about the environment and how we tell them—are important in environmental thinking. Thus ecologising Taiwan is not only about what ecological thinking can do for Taiwan but also about what Taiwan can do for ecological thought. In order to sound out the different resonances of what ecologising Taiwan might mean, this special issue brings together six essays that explore flexible links between ecological thought and Taiwanese culture. As such, this special issue is part of the ecological chain of Taiwan studies, featuring topics (even topoi) on languages, genres, media forms, and methodologies in contestation and transformation.
Predictive Value of Radiologic Central Compartment Atopic Disease for Identifying Allergy and Asthma in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lee Kijeong , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Sang Hag , Kang Chang Ho , Je Bo-Kyung , Oh Saelin 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) has recently been suggested as a phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aims to investigate the prevalence of the radiologic CCAD phenotype in CRS within a pediatric population and identify its ability to predict comorbid allergy and asthma. Methods: Computed tomography and endoscopic examination were conducted on pediatric patients with CRS either with or without nasal polyps. Allergen sensitization was determined with the multiple-allergen simultaneous test and skin prick test. Serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), peripheral blood eosinophil percentage, and presence of asthma were also evaluated. Results: A total of 82 pediatric patients were enrolled. Overall, 55 (67.1%) of the participants demonstrated aeroallergen sensitization, and 31 (18.9%) of the 164 sides of sinuses were radiologically defined to fit the CCAD phenotype. Patients having CRS with the CCAD phenotype had a higher prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization (87.1% vs 62.4%, P = .008), particularly house dust mite (74.2% vs 53.4%, P = .035), and a higher incidence of asthma (16.1% vs 3.8%, P = .010). Additionally, patients having CRS with the CCAD phenotype demonstrated a high serum total IgE levels (51.6% vs 30.1%, P = .023) in comparison to patients having CRS without CCAD. Conclusion: In pediatric CRS, the radiological CCAD phenotype was associated with allergen sensitization and asthma. Furthermore, the CCAD phenotype was associated with high serum total IgE levels, suggesting allergy etiology should be considered with this type of pediatric patients with CRS.
Management of Recurrent and Delayed Post-Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy Hemorrhage in Children
Authors: Cheung Phylannie K. F. , Walton Joanna , Hobson Megan L. , Taylor Piera , Chin Michael , Boardman Simone , Cheng Alan T. L. , Birman Catherine S. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To review our experience on post-tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy hemorrhage (PTAH) at a tertiary pediatric referral hospital and to evaluate the management and risk factors for recurrent postoperative hemorrhage and for delayed bleeding after day 14. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all pediatric patients admitted to The Children’s Hospital at Westmead for PTAH between July 01, 2014, and June 30, 2019. Patients with recurrent hemorrhage and those with bleeding after day 14 were selected for subanalysis. Results: Of the 291 patients admitted for PTAH, 31 (11%) patients had recurrent postoperative hemorrhage, and 11 (4%) patients had delayed bleeding after day 14. Surgical intervention for cessation of hemorrhage was required in 88 (30%) patients, including 2 patients who required return to the theater more than once. Nine (3%) patients received blood transfusions. The average number of days between bleeding episodes was 4 days. Recurrent postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 8.5% of patients who were managed operatively at their first presentation compared to 11.4% of patients who were managed nonoperatively (odds ratio: 1.1; 95% confidence interval 0.43-2.8). No association was found between abnormal coagulation profile, surgical indication, and risk of delayed postoperative hemorrhage. Conclusions: Recurrent or delayed postoperative hemorrhage represents a small proportion of children with postoperative bleeding and cannot be reliably predicted. Management of first presentations with either a conservative or a surgical approach is reasonable since the risk of recurrent of PTAH may be unrelated to the choice of management at initial presentation. Careful preoperative counseling of patients and their families is important to help set expectations in the event of PTAH.
Parental Economic Migration and Children’s Outcomes in Romania: The Role of Social Support, Parenting Styles, and Patterns of Migration
Authors: Dafinoiu Alina , Olaya Beatriz , Essau Cecilia A. 
Published: March 2021

Since the fall of communism, approximately 10%–15% of the Romanian population are estimated to have left the country in search of economic opportunities, resulting in a high number of children being left behind (i.e., children of migrant parent; CMP) in Romania. This study explored patterns of parental migration and frequency and correlates of mental health problems among CMP. A total of 889 adolescents, aged 13–18 years, with migrant parent(s) participated in the present study. Results showed a high prevalence of mental health problems, with dysthymia (51%) being the most common. As for parenting styles, “inconsistency” was found to increase the risk for depression and dysthymia. “Higher involvement” from parents significantly decreased the risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, panic, and substance abuse. The findings were discussed in terms of their clinical, training, and political implications.
Surgeon Volume and Complications in Lateral Neck Dissection for Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multidatabase Analysis
Authors: Campbell James C. , Lee Hui‐Jie , Cannon Trinitia , Kahmke Russel R. , Lee Walter T. , Puscas Liana , Rocke Daniel J. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether annual surgeon volume of lateral neck dissections for squamous cell carcinoma is associated with complication rates.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTwo US databases spanning 2000 to 2014.MethodsNeck dissections for squamous cell carcinoma from the National Inpatient Sample and State Inpatient Databases were analyzed. The primary outcome was any in‐hospital complication common to neck dissection. The principal independent variable was surgeon volume. A multivariable logistic generalized estimating equation with a piecewise linear spline for surgeon volume was fit to assess its association with complication.ResultsThe National Inpatient Sample had 3517 discharges fitting criteria, a median surgeon volume of 12, and an 11.1% complication rate. A 1‐unit increase in surgeon volume was associated with a 7% increase in the odds of complication when volume ranged between 4 and 19 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.11) and with a 3% decrease in the odds of complication when volume ranged between 19 and 51 (AOR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96‐0.99). The State Inpatient Databases had 2876 discharges fitting criteria, a median surgeon volume of 30, and a 13.5% complication rate. Surgeon volume was not associated with complication when <27 (AOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.02), but a 5‐unit increase in volume was associated with a 7% decrease in the odds of complication with volume ≥27 (AOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88‐0.98).ConclusionsSurgeon volume was associated with complications for most volume ranges and with lower odds of complication for high‐volume surgeons.