bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macro- and microfeatures of Early Cambrian dolomitic microbialites from Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Li Ying , Jiang Hong-Xia , Wu Ya-Sheng , Pan Wen-Qing , Zhang Bao-Shou , Sun Chong-Hao , Yang Guo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe fabrics of microbialites preserved in limestones are generally better than in dolostones. What are the fabrics of the microbialites preserved in heavily dolomitized dolostones? This paper presents an example of a strongly dolomitized Cambrian microbialite profile. The Xiaoerblak Formation (Cambrian Series 2 Stage 3 and lower Stage 4) of the Sugaitblak section in Aksu, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China is mainly composed of microbial dolostones. Due to strong alteration by diagenesis, their features, formation and environments have not been fully understood. Here, based on detailed observation on outcrops and thin sections, we show that this formation comprises four kinds of microbialites: laminite, thrombolite, thrombolitic laminite, andRenalcisframestone, in five intervals (Interval I to Interval V). We identified three main types of microbialite fabrics, i.e., clotted fabric, laminated fabric and skeletal fabric, and established a high-resolution vertical evolution sequence of the microbialites. The clotted fabric and the laminated fabric were further divided into subtypes. We found that the original fabrics were mainly affected by dolomitization, recrystallization and dissolution, and the alteration degree of the microbialite fabric is stronger in the lower part of this formation. The laminated fabric has the strongest resistance to diagenesis, followed by the clotted fabric. Based on studies of different rock types and sedimentary structures, we concluded that the sedimentary environment of Xiaoerblak Formation consists of three settings: a) Intervals I to III formed in restricted tidal flat environments, b) Interval IV and the lower part of Interval V in restricted deep subtidal environments, and c) upper part of Interval V in shallowing-up open subtidal environments.
Can white matter lesion burden predict involvement of normal appearing thalami in multiple sclerosis? Study using 3D FLAIR and DTI
Authors: Homos Mohamed D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease that affects the white and grey matter. The thalamus is responsible for many neurological functions, and it is liable to damage in multiple sclerosis in the absence of MRI-detectable thalamic lesions. Standardized imaging protocol for multiple sclerosis includes 3D FLAIR sequence that is highly sensitive in detecting white matter lesions. Owing to the thalamic functional importance, we aim in this study to show to what extent the standardized imaging protocol (3D FLAIR) can predict microscopic damage of normal appearing thalami, depending on DTI metrics (ADC and FA) as indicators of the microscopic damage.

Results
We examined 42 multiple sclerosis patients, 16 males and 26 females, with mean age 29 ± 6 years using 3D FLAIR sequence to delineate the white matter lesions and calculate their total areas and using DTI to calculate the average ADC and FA values of the thalami. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) was used to correlate between the white matter lesion burden and the thalamic diffusivity (ADC and FA).
Moderate correlation was found between average ADC values of the thalami and the total white matter lesion areas (r = 0.5, p = 0.03).
Very weak correlation was found between average FA values of the thalami and the total white matter lesion areas (r = − 0.1, p = 0.6)

Conclusion
White matter lesion burden detected using the highly sensitive 3D FLAIR sequence does not always correlate with the microstructural damage in normal appearing thalami. DTI needs to be added to the examination protocol if damage of normal appearing thalami is of concern.
Self-harm and suicide in adults: will safety plans keep people safe after self-harm?
Authors: House Allan 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Safety planning is recommended as a part of the response to everybody who presents after self-harm, although there is surprisingly little evidence for its effectiveness. There is potential for such plans to be experienced as unhelpful if patients are not genuinely involved in their production and if the plan does not include information about meaningful sources of support. Staff training is needed to ensure that plans are delivered in a collaborative way and self-harm services need to be improved nationally if such plans are to be effective.
Machine Learning Frameworks to Predict Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer Using Clinical and Pathological Features
Authors: Meti Nicholas , Saednia Khadijeh , Lagree Andrew , Tabbarah Sami , Mohebpour Majid , Kiss Alex , Lu Fang-I , Slodkowska Elzbieta , Gandhi Sonal , Jerzak Katarzyna Joanna , Fleshner Lauren , Law Ethan , Sadeghi-Naini Ali , Tran William T. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is used to treat locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and high-risk early breast cancer (BC). Pathological complete response (pCR) has prognostic value depending on BC subtype. Rates of pCR, however, can be variable. Predictive modeling is desirable to help identify patients early who may have suboptimal NAC response. Here, we test and compare the predictive performances of machine learning (ML) prediction models to a standard statistical model, using clinical and pathological data. METHODS Clinical and pathological variables were collected in 431 patients, including tumor size, patient demographics, histological characteristics, molecular status, and staging information. A standard multivariable logistic regression (MLR) was developed and compared with five ML models: k-nearest neighbor classifier, random forest (RF) classifier, naive Bayes algorithm, support vector machine, and multilayer perceptron model. Model performances were measured using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and statistically compared. RESULTS MLR predictors of NAC response included: estrogen receptor (ER) status, human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) status, tumor size, and Nottingham grade. The strongest MLR predictors of pCR included HER2+ versus HER2− BC (odds ratio [OR], 0.13; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.23; P < .001) and Nottingham grade G3 versus G1-2 (G1-2: OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.65; P < .001). The area under the curve (AUC) for the MLR was AUC = 0.64. Among the various ML models, an RF classifier performed best, with an AUC = 0.88, sensitivity of 70.7%, and specificity of 84.6%, and included the following variables: menopausal status, ER status, HER2 status, Nottingham grade, tumor size, nodal status, and presence of inflammatory BC. CONCLUSION Modeling performances varied between standard versus ML classification methods. RF ML classifiers demonstrated the best predictive performance among all models.
Updated Overall Survival and PD-L1 Subgroup Analysis of Patients With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Atezolizumab, Carboplatin, and Etoposide (IMpower133)
Authors: Liu Stephen V. , Reck Martin , Mansfield Aaron S. , Mok Tony , Scherpereel Arnaud , Reinmuth Niels , Garassino Marina Chiara , De Castro Carpeno Javier , Califano Raffaele , Nishio Makoto , Orlandi Francisco , Alatorre-Alexander Jorge , Leal Ticiana , Cheng Ying , Lee Jong-Seok , Lam Sivuonthanh , McCleland Mark , Deng Yu , Phan See , Horn Leora 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE: IMpower133 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02763579 ), a randomized, double-blind, phase I/III study, demonstrated that adding atezolizumab (anti-programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]) to carboplatin plus etoposide (CP/ET) for first-line (1L) treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) resulted in significant improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo plus CP/ET. Updated OS, disease progression patterns, safety, and exploratory biomarkers (PD-L1, blood-based tumor mutational burden [bTMB]) are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with untreated ES-SCLC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive four 21-day cycles of CP (area under the curve 5 mg per mL/min intravenously [IV], day 1) plus ET (100 mg/m2 IV, days 1-3) with atezolizumab (1,200 mg IV, day 1) or placebo, and then maintenance atezolizumab or placebo until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, or loss of clinical benefit. Tumor specimens were collected; PD-L1 testing was not required for enrollment. The two primary end points, investigator-assessed PFS and OS, were statistically significant at the interim analysis. Updated OS and PFS and exploratory biomarker analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Patients received atezolizumab plus CP/ET (n = 201) or placebo plus CP/ET (n = 202). At the updated analysis, median follow-up for OS was 22.9 months; 302 deaths had occurred. Median OS was 12.3 and 10.3 months with atezolizumab plus CP/ET and placebo plus CP/ET, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.95; descriptive P = .0154). At 18 months, 34.0% and 21.0% of patients were alive in atezolizumab plus CP/ET and placebo plus CP/ET arms, respectively. Patients derived benefit from the addition of atezolizumab, regardless of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry or bTMB status. CONCLUSION: Adding atezolizumab to CP/ET as 1L treatment for ES-SCLC continued to demonstrate improved OS and a tolerable safety profile at the updated analysis, confirming the regimen as a new standard of care. Exploratory analyses demonstrated treatment benefit independent of biomarker status.
Implementing Systematic Genetic Counseling and Multigene Germline Testing for Individuals With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chittenden Anu , Haraldsdottir Sigurdis , Ukaegbu Chinedu , Underhill-Blazey Meghan , Gaonkar Shraddha , Uno Hajime , Brais Lauren K. , Perez Kimberly , Wolpin Brian M. , Syngal Sapna , Yurgelun Matthew B. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE: National guidelines recommend genetic counseling and multigene germline testing (GC/MGT) for all patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study's aim was to assess real-world effectiveness of implementing systematic GC/MGT for all patients with PDAC at a high-volume academic institution. METHODS: An iterative process for systematizing GC/MGT was developed in which gastrointestinal oncology providers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute were recommended to refer all patients with PDAC for GC/MGT (clinician-directed referral). Workflows were subsequently changed such that patients with PDAC were automatically offered GC/MGT when scheduling their initial oncology consultation (automated referral). Clinical and germline data were collected on a consecutive cohort of patients with PDAC undergoing GC/MGT during a 25-month enrollment period (19-month clinician-directed referrals; 6-month automated referrals). RESULTS: One thousand two hundred fourteen patients with PDAC were seen for initial oncologic evaluation, 266 (21.9%) of whom underwent GC/MGT. Compared with baseline clinician-directed referrals, implementation of automated referrals led to a significant increase in patients with PDAC undergoing GC/MGT (16.5% v 38.0%, P < .001), including those undergoing multigene germline testing (MGT) ≤ 7 days of initial oncology evaluation (14.7% v 60.3%, P < .001), with preserved pathogenic variant detection rates (10.0% v 11.2%, P = 0.84). 16 of 28 (57.1%) pathogenic variant carriers had relatives who pursued cascade germline testing, and 13 of 26 (50.0%) carriers with incurable disease received targeted therapy based on MGT results. CONCLUSION: Implementation of systematic GC/MGT in patients with PDAC is feasible and leads to management changes for patients with PDAC and their families. GC/MGT workflows that bypass the need for clinician referral result in superior uptake and time to testing. Further investigation is needed to identify other barriers and facilitators of universal GC/MGT.
Inequities in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19: Data From 52 US Clinical Centers
Authors: Ebekozien Osagie , Agarwal Shivani , Noor Nudrat , Albanese-O’Neill Anastasia , Wong Jenise C , Seeherunvong Tossaporn , Sanchez Janine , DeSalvo Daniel , Lyons Sarah K , Majidi Shideh , Wood Jamie R , Acharya Runa , Aleppo Grazia , Sumpter Kathryn M , Cymbaluk Anna , Shah Nirali A , Van Name Michelle , Cruz-Aviles Lisa , Alonso Guy Todd , Gallagher Mary Pat , Sanda Srinath , Feuer Alexis Jamie , Cossen Kristina , Rioles Nicole , Jones Nana-Hawa Yayah , Kamboj Manmohan K , Hirsch Irl B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
We examined whether diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D) was more prevalent among Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with NH Whites.

Method
This is a cross-sectional study of patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 52 clinical sites in the United States, data were collected from April to August 2020. We examined the distribution of patient factors and DKA events across NH White, NH Black, and Hispanic race/ethnicity groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the odds of DKA among NH Black and Hispanic patients with T1D as compared with NH White patients, adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, sex, insurance, and last glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level.

Results
We included 180 patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the analysis. Forty-four percent (n = 79) were NH White, 31% (n = 55) NH Black, 26% (n = 46) Hispanic. NH Blacks and Hispanics had higher median HbA1c than Whites (%-points [IQR]: 11.7 [4.7], P &lt; 0.001, and 9.7 [3.1] vs 8.3 [2.4], P = 0.01, respectively). We found that more NH Black and Hispanic presented with DKA compared to Whites (55% and 33% vs 13%, P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). After adjusting for potential confounders, NH Black patients continued to have greater odds of presenting with DKA compared with NH Whites (OR [95% CI]: 3.7 [1.4, 10.6]).

Conclusion
We found that among T1D patients with COVID-19 infection, NH Black patients were more likely to present in DKA compared with NH White patients. Our findings demonstrate additional risk among NH Black patients with T1D and COVID-19.
Effect of Permissive Mild Hypercapnia on Cerebral Vasoreactivity in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Schopfer Leonore , Habre Walid , Pichon Isabelle , Fodor Gergely H. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
Mechanical ventilation interferes with cerebral perfusion via changes in intrathoracic pressure and/or as a consequence of alterations in CO2. Cerebral vascular vasoreactivity is dependent on CO2, and hypocapnia can potentially lead to vasoconstriction and subsequent decrease in cerebral blood flow. Thus, we aimed at characterizing whether protective ventilation with mild permissive hypercapnia improves cerebral perfusion in infants.

METHODS:
Following ethical approval and parental consent, 19 infants were included in this crossover study and randomly assigned to 2 groups for which the initial ventilation parameters were set to achieve an end-tidal carbon dioxide (Etco
2) of 6.5 kPa (group H: mild hypercapnia, n = 8) or 5.5 kPa (group N: normocapnia, n = 11). The threshold was then reversed before going back to the initial set value of normo- or hypercapnia. At each step, hemodynamic, respiratory, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)–derived parameters, including tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and tissue hemoglobin index (THI), concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) and oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb), were collected. Concomitantly, sevoflurane maintenance concentration, ventilatory (driving pressure) and hemodynamic parameters, as mean arterial pressure (MAP), were recorded.

RESULTS:
Targeting an Etco
2 of 5.5 kPa resulted in significantly higher mean driving pressure than an Etco
2 of 6.5 kPa (P < .01) with no difference between the groups in end-tidal sevoflurane, MAP, and heart rate. A large scatter was observed in NIRS-derived parameters, with no evidence for difference in Etco
2 changes between or within groups. A mild decrease with time was observed in THI and MAP in infants randomly assigned to group N (P < .036 and P < .017, respectively). When pooling all groups together, a significant correlation was found between the changes in MAP and TOI (r = 0.481, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Allowing permissive mild hypercapnia during mechanical ventilation of infants led to lower driving pressure and comparable hemodynamic, respiratory, and cerebral oxygenation parameters than during normocapnia. Whereas a large scatter in NIRS-derived parameters was observed at all levels of Etco
2, the correlation between TOI and MAP suggests that arterial pressure is an important component of cerebral oxygenation at mild hypercapnia.
Comparative Effect of Propofol and Volatile Anesthetics on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Lung Resection Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Li Xue-Fei , Hu Jian-Rong , Wu Yan , Chen Ying , Zhang Meng-Qiu , Yu Hai 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
The effect of general anesthetics (propofol and volatile anesthetics) on pulmonary outcome after lung resection surgery with one-lung ventilation (OLV) is yet undetermined. We evaluated the effect of intravenous anesthesia (propofol) and volatile anesthesia (sevoflurane or desflurane) regimens on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing lung resection surgery.

METHODS:
This prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled 555 adult patients scheduled for lung resection surgery with OLV. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 general anesthetic regimens (propofol, sevoflurane, or desflurane). Standard anesthesia and ventilation protocols were followed in all groups. The primary outcome was a composite of PPCs in the first 7 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes included the severity of PPCs and major postoperative complications classification. Intergroup difference in the primary outcome was assessed for significance using the Pearson χ2 test.

RESULTS:
Of 837 patients who were assessed for eligibility, 555 were randomized and 545 were analyzed. One hundred and seventy-nine patients were assigned to the propofol group, 182 in the sevoflurane group, and 184 in the desflurane group. The incidence of PPCs did not differ between the combined volatile anesthetics (sevoflurane and desflurane) group and the propofol group (21.9% vs 24.0%; odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-1.35; P = .570). The PPCs grade and Clavien-Dindo scores did not differ significantly across groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients undergoing lung resection surgery with OLV, general anesthesia with volatile anesthetics (sevoflurane or desflurane) did not reduce PPCs compared with propofol. No difference in secondary outcomes was observed.
The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Preoperative Thrombocytopenia in Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Matzek Luke J. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schulte Phillip J. , Evans Kimberly D. , Kor Daryl J. , Warner Matthew A. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
Preoperative thrombocytopenia is associated with inferior outcomes in surgical patients, though concurrent anemia may obfuscate these relationships. This investigation assesses the prevalence and clinical significance of preoperative thrombocytopenia with thorough consideration of preoperative anemia status.

METHODS:
This is an observational cohort study of adults undergoing elective surgery with planned postoperative hospitalization from January 1, 2009 to May 3, 2018. Patients were designated into 4 groups: normal platelet and hemoglobin concentrations, isolated thrombocytopenia (ie, platelet count <100 × 109/L), isolated anemia (ie, hemoglobin <12 g/dL women, <13.5 g/dL men), and thrombocytopenia with anemia. Thrombocytopenia was further defined as incidental (ie, previously undiagnosed) or nonincidental. Multivariable regression analyses were utilized to assess the relationships between thrombocytopenia status and clinical outcomes, with a primary outcome of hospital length of stay.

RESULTS:
A total of 120,348 patients were included for analysis: 72.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72.1-72.6) normal preoperative laboratory values, 26.3% (26.1-26.6) isolated anemia, 0.80% (0.75-0.86) thrombocytopenia with anemia, and 0.52% (0.48-0.56) isolated thrombocytopenia (0.38% [0.34-0.41] nonincidental, 0.14% [0.12-0.17] incidental). Thrombocytopenia was associated with longer hospital length of stay in those with concurrent anemia (multiplicative increase of the geometric mean 1.05 [1.00, 1.09] days; P = .034) but not in those with normal preoperative hemoglobin concentrations (multiplicative increase of the geometric mean 1.02 [0.96, 1.07] days; P = .559). Thrombocytopenia was associated with increased odds for intraoperative transfusion regardless of anemia status (nonanemic: 3.39 [2.79, 4.12]; P < .001 vs anemic: 2.60 [2.24, 3.01]; P < .001). Thrombocytopenia was associated with increased rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in nonanemic patients (1.56 [1.18, 2.05]; P = .002) but not in those with preoperative anemia (0.93 [0.73, 1.19]; P = .578).

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative thrombocytopenia is associated with clinical outcomes in elective surgery, both in the presence and absence of concurrent anemia. However, isolated thrombocytopenia is rare (0.5%) and is usually identified before preoperative testing. It is unlikely that routine thrombocytopenia screening is indicated for most patients.
Translation initiation in cancer at a glance
Authors: Smith Rachael C. L. , Kanellos Georgios , Vlahov Nikola , Alexandrou Constantinos , Willis Anne E. , Knight John R. P. , Sansom Owen J. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Cell division, differentiation and function are largely dependent on accurate proteome composition and regulated gene expression. To control this, protein synthesis is an intricate process governed by upstream signalling pathways. Eukaryotic translation is a multistep process and can be separated into four distinct phases: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling of ribosomal subunits. Translation initiation, the focus of this article, is highly regulated to control the activity and/or function of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and permit recruitment of mRNAs to the ribosomes. In this Cell Science at a Glance and accompanying poster, we outline the mechanisms by which tumour cells alter the process of translation initiation and discuss how this benefits tumour formation, proliferation and metastasis.
Synthesis and Characterization of 5,5′-Bitetracene
Authors: Mamada Masashi , Goushi Kenichi , Nakamura Ryota , Kaji Hironori , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA tetracene dimer, 5,5′-bitetracene (55BT), has successfully been synthesized for the first time and its structure was confirmed by X-ray single crystal analysis. The electrochemical and optical properties of 55BT were investigated and compared to those of tetracene. Although the photoluminescence quantum yield of 55BT was slightly higher than that of tetracene, the results of the transient absorption spectroscopy suggested triplet formation by singlet fission in solution.