bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Evaluation of the Short-Form Vaping Consequences Questionnaire for Use With High School Adolescents Who Use and Do Not Use E-cigarettes
Authors: Morean Meghan E , Davis Danielle R , Bold Krysten W , Kong Grace , Jackson Asti , Lee Juhan , Rajesh Kumar Lavanya , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Assessing youth vaping expectancies using a psychometrically sound measure can improve understanding of e-cigarette susceptibility and use.

Aims and Methods
We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Short-Form Vaping Consequences Questionnaire (SF-VCQ), an expectancy measure previously validated with adults, within a sample of 1753 high school adolescents who completed an online, school-based survey in Fall 2020 (51.6% female; 15.56 [1.22] years old; 46.6% non-Hispanic white; 26.9% reported lifetime but no past-30-day vaping; 12.6% reported past-30-day vaping). Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, measurement invariance, between-group differences, and test-criterion relationships.

Results
The four-factor structure was confirmed and was scalar invariant by lifetime and past-month vaping status, sex, and race. All subscales were internally reliable (mean α = 0.94). The subscales were sensitive to differences based on sex, race, vaping susceptibility among never users, and lifetime and past-month vaping status. For example, students who vaped in the past-month held weaker expectancies for negative consequences but stronger expectancies for positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and appetite/weight control compared to lifetime vapers. Unadjusted relationships within the subsamples of lifetime and past-month vapers provided evidence of convergent validity. Evidence for concurrent validity was observed for all samples after accounting for covariates. For example, expectancies for positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and appetite/weight control remained significantly associated with past-month vaping frequency.

Conclusions
The SF-VCQ evidenced excellent internal reliability, scalar measurement invariance, and construct, convergent, and concurrent validity in samples of never, lifetime, and past-month adolescent e-cigarette users. Findings support using the SF-VCQ for assessing youths’ vaping-related expectancies.

Implications
The current study established the psychometric properties of the SF-VCQ for use among adolescents with and without vaping experience, including measurement invariance that permits direct comparisons of expectancies across these two groups. When considered in concert with previously published research in adults, the SF-VCQ provides researchers with a measure that can be used with both youth and adult samples. Observed relationships between positive expectancies and vaping susceptibility in vaping naïve youth and indices of vaping frequency in youth with vaping experience suggest that challenging positive expectancies may be a valuable addition to prevention and intervention efforts to reduce youth vaping.
Assessing the Accuracy of Director of Clinical Education Roles/Responsibilities Taxonomy and Matrix: A Delphi Study
Authors: Engelhard Chalee , McCallum Christine , Murray Leigh K. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction.
There is not a taxonomy that has been fully vetted for traditional positions in physical therapy programs and it is not known what efficiencies could be afforded by employing a taxonomy and matrix for the Director of Clinical Education (DCE) position, specifically. This study provides a pathway to greater understanding of the DCE competing roles and responsibilities both as a traditional faculty member and those that pertain specifically to the DCE through determining the accuracy of the DCE Taxonomy and Matrix. The study addressed the following questions: (1) Within the Taxonomy, do each of the levels' responsibilities and sample tasks accurately match the levels’ definition, as duties performed by a DCE at that level? (2) Within the Matrix, do the characteristics serve as a common descriptor across all taxonomy levels? and (3) Within the Matrix, do each of the characteristics and ranges align with the Taxonomy levels? We hypothesized that the DCE Taxonomy and Matrix would require minor revisions to refine the tools to confirm accurate descriptions of the DCE roles and responsibilities.
Directors of Clinical Education have an integral role with multiple responsibilities to fulfill as a bridge between the clinic and the academy as well as performing the traditional duties of a faculty member. Work completed by McCallum et al provided a foundational understanding of the DCE's work. Engelhard et al expanded on the foundational DCE study using Watts Taxonomy as a basis to develop the DCE Roles and Responsibilities Taxonomy and Matrix.

Subjects.
Through purposive sampling, 86 faculty, including DCEs, ADCEs (Associate Directors of Clinical Education), and Program Directors, participated in the study.

Methods.
This Delphi, mixed methods study used 2 web-based survey rounds to achieve consensus, defined agreement as ≥80% of respondents. Round 1 sought agreement for DCE roles, responsibilities, and sample tasks in the Taxonomy. Matrix agreement was sought for each of the 4 characteristics. Round 2 involved refinement of the Taxonomy to improve clarity.

Results.
The Matrix achieved consensus after Round 1. Consensus was achieved at the conclusion of the Round 2 for the Taxonomy, which resulted in a concise description of the categories of Processor, Coordinator, and Director level roles and responsibilities.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Findings suggest a clear and concise classification of work-related elements that can contribute to success in the DCE position and ultimately the physical therapy program. As the profession goes forward, understanding of the impact of where we spend time in our programs must occur as we balance student matriculation and success with organizational knowledge of key program positions. By establishing the accuracy of the DCE Taxonomy and Matrix, insights to workload implications are gained.
Traits and Attributes of a Successful Physical Therapy Resident: A Delphi Study
Authors: Shepard Rebecca , Haines Lauren , Abraham Karen , Lievre A. J. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction.
Given the limited number of positions in physical therapy (PT) residency programs, it is important to select individuals who are most likely to succeed. The purpose of the study is to obtain consensus from residency program directors regarding 1) the traits and/or characteristics that are likely to result in a successful residency experience, 2) how success in residency education is defined, and 3) what do programs aspire their residency graduates to accomplish professionally.

Review of the Literature:
Limited evidence exists that explores the qualities, skills, traits, or experiences that contribute to a successful PT resident or whether the current application process is able to identify these traits.

Subjects:
The residency directors of 246 American Board of Physical Therapy Residency and Fellowship Education-accredited programs were invited via email. One hundred nine (44.67%) residency program directors participated.

Methods:
Using the Delphi study design, consensus was reached after round 3 of the survey.

Results:
Five traits/characteristics, 9 characteristics/achievements of a successful residency graduate, and 4 postresidency aspirations reached consensus as “absolutely essential,” and 1 outcome measure reached consensus as “very useful.”

Discussion/Conclusion:
Residency programs may look to modify 1) their application/selection processes to identify applicants who possess desirable traits/characteristics and 2) their criteria for successful completion. Entry-level PT programs may use this information to guide what skills/traits are needed to prepare graduates for postprofessional experiences.
Using Virtual Reality for Movement System Examination in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Curriculum
Authors: Judd Dana L. , Kelly Brian , Corral Janet 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:
Examining and treating movement dysfunction is a cornerstone of physical therapist practice. Consequently, physical therapist education programs should prepare students to effectively analyze movement to inform clinical decision making. Current practice methods fall short due to variability in demonstration and realistic portrayal of movement disorders. Virtual reality (VR) is an alternative modality for high-fidelity simulation for learning movement system examination. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of a VR module to be used as part of a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) curriculum, and to evaluate student reaction and attitudes regarding utilizing VR for practicing movement analysis skills.

Method/Model Description and Evaluation:
An original VR module consisting of 3 virtual patients performing a sit-to-stand transfer was created for students to practice movement observation and analysis. Fifteen first-year DPT students volunteered to experience the VR module and provide feedback. Students observed 3 different patients performing sit-to-stand transfers and performed a movement analysis on each. Students’ performance was assessed using a checklist developed from current physical therapy literature and curricular content. Participants also completed pre- and post-VR surveys to capture their opinions and attitudes regarding VR.

Outcomes:
After the VR module, all participations strongly agreed that they enjoyed using the VR module. All participants agreed that the animations were realistic enough to practice movement analysis skills. The average checklist score was 87.7%, indicating most benchmark behaviors for movement analysis were met. Most students disagreed that VR could replace face-to-face training opportunities.

Discussions and Conclusion:
The VR module was received favorably by DPT students; however, they felt strongly that VR should not replace traditional face-to-face laboratory opportunities. Notably, the VR environment provided a reliable space to practice movement examination skills. Utilizing this innovation would advance current concepts in simulation-based learning in DPT curricula and provide a unique platform for practicing movement examination.
Prone position in COVID 19-associated acute respiratory failure
Authors: Kharat Aileen , Simon Marie , Guérin Claude 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of reviewProne position has been widely used in the COVID-19 pandemic, with an extension of its use in patients with spontaneous breathing (’awake prone’). We herein propose a review of the current literature on prone position in mechanical ventilation and while spontaneous breathing in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia or COVID-19 ARDS.Recent findingsA literature search retrieved 70 studies separating whether patient was intubated (24 studies) or nonintubated (46 studies). The outcomes analyzed were intubation rate, mortality and respiratory response to prone. In nonintubated patient receiving prone position, the main finding was mortality reduction in ICU and outside ICU setting.SummaryThe final results of the several randomized control trials completed or ongoing are needed to confirm the trend of these results. In intubated patients, observational studies showed that responders to prone in terms of oxygenation had a better survival than nonresponders.
Transbronchial biopsy vs. bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chugh Karan , Jatwani Shraddha 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are heterogeneous disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung parenchyma. The use of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellular analysis and transbronchial biopsy with forceps (TBLB) in ILD is often a matter of debate. ILDs have been a diagnostic challenge and require multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) to develop a consensus diagnosis based on clinical, radiologic, laboratory, BAL cellular analysis, and histologic information.

Recent findings
The BAL cellular analysis is a commonly performed tool, and some ILDs have distinctive cellular findings. Its use alone is seldom diagnostic and almost always requires clinical, radiologic findings, and or histologic information interpretation. The minimally invasive procedures, such as TBLB, transbronchial cryo-biopsy (TBCB), and invasive procedures, such as surgical lung biopsy (SLB) help obtain a histologic diagnosis.

Summary
This review serves as a resource to assist clinicians to develop effective communication and close collaboration through MDD for accurate selection of diagnostic tools to reach the correct and final diagnosis.
Reconciling Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial with Eighth Joint National Commission: a nuanced view of optimal hypertension control in the chronic kidney disease population
Authors: Tantisattamo Ekamol , Hamiduzzaman Anum , Sohn Peter , Ahdoot Rebecca , Hanna Ramy M. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Universally lowering blood pressure (BP) may adversely affect some populations especially in the older population. Recent landmark trials revealed cardiovascular benefits of tight controlling systolic BP (SBP) more than several recent BP targets. Implementing the evidence from the studies and guidelines in some populations is reviewed.

Recent findings
Eighth Joint National Commission (JNC-8) on hypertension issued conservative guidelines that provided an evolutionary change to BPcontrol in the elderly. However, intensive BP control with SBP < 120 mmHg in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) focuses on the improvement of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. Although increasingly guidelines are trending toward the SPRINT results, it is noteworthy that not all populations show a favorable outcome with intensive BP control given hypotensive risks to memory, kidney function, orthostasis, and morbidity risks.

Summary
Some populations may benefit from implementing the more intensive SBP target, whereas others such as elderly hypertensive patients may benefit from a more liberal SBP target. In the spirit of ‘Primum non Nocere’, we call for and suggest that a marriage of both SPRINT and JNC-8 recommendations be undertaken to champion the most cardiovascular protections for the greatest number of patients possible whereas preventing complications in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. Among the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, SBP < 120 mmHg may not necessarily lead to favorable CKD outcomes.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the stem cell transplant recipient − clinical spectrum and outcome
Authors: Fernández-Ruiz Mario , Aguado José María 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Focusing on large multicenter cohorts reported over the last months, this review aims at summarizing the available evidence by July 2021 on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients in terms of epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome.

Recent findings
The incidence of COVID-19 in institutional cohorts varied according to different regions and study periods from 0.4% to 8.3%. Clinical presentation was overall comparable to other immunocompromised hosts and the general population. Microbiologically confirmed superinfection occurred in 13–25% of recipients, with most episodes due to hospital-acquired bacteria and few reported cases of COVID-19-associated aspergillosis. Prolonged nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shedding has been demonstrated for as long as 210 days. Mortality rates were similar across studies (14.8–28.4%) and did not markedly differ from those observed in nontransplant hematological patients during the first wave. Older age and shorter time from transplantation were associated with mortality, as well as underlying disease status and amount of immunosuppression. No outcome differences were found in most studies between allogeneic and autologous procedures.

Summary
Considerable advances have been achieved in the characterization of COVID-19 in the HSCT population, although uncertainties remain in the optimal therapeutic management.
Public Opinions About Surgery in Older Adults
Authors: Dharmasukrit Charlie , Ramaiyer Malini , Dillon Ellis C. , Russell Marcia M. , Dutt Meghan , Colley Alexis , Tang Victoria L. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To examine public opinions of surgery in older adults.

Background:
Increasing numbers of older adults are undergoing surgery. National healthcare organizations recognize the increased risks of postoperative complications and mortality in the older surgical population and have made efforts to improve the care of older adults undergoing surgery through hospital-level programs. However, limited research has explored the opinions and responses of the wider U.S. public regarding surgery in older adults.

Methods:
We performed a qualitative, thematic analysis of reader comments posted in response to online newspaper articles relating to surgery in older adults. Articles were published in 2019-2020 and targeted for a popular press audience.

Results:
Nine hundred eight reader comments posted in response to 6 articles relating to surgery in older adults were identified. Articles were published in online editions of print newspapers with a digital circulation between 1.3 and 5.7 million subscribers. Three themes were identified: (1) wariness/distrust towards healthcare: including general distrust of medicine and distrust of surgery, (2) problems experienced: ineffective communication and unrealistic expectations, and (3) recommended solutions: the need for multidisciplinary teams and patient-centered communication.

Conclusions:
Overall, the public viewed surgery in older adults with wariness/distrust due to ineffective communication and unrealistic expectations. Specialized surgical care tailored to the unique needs of older adults is needed. The public perspective suggests that U.S. health systems should strongly consider adopting programs that provide care to meet the unique needs of older adults undergoing surgery and ultimately improve both patient outcomes and their surgical experience.
Compassionate Use of REGEN-COV® in Patients with COVID-19 and Immunodeficiency-Associated Antibody Disorders
Authors: Stein David , Oviedo-Orta Ernesto , Kampman Wendy A , McGinniss Jennifer , Betts George , McDermott Margaret , Holly Beth , Lancaster Johnathan M , Braunstein Ned , Yancopoulos George D , Weinreich David M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with immunodeficiency-associated antibody disorders are at a higher risk of prolonged/persistent COVID-19 infection, having no viable treatment options.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of patients with primary and/or secondary immunodeficiency-associated antibody disorders who received casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN-COV®) under emergency compassionate use. The objectives were to describe safety and response to REGEN-COV, with a focus on the subset of patients who had COVID-19 duration ≥21 days prior to treatment. Quantitative (change in oxygenation status and/or viral load) and/or qualitative (physician-reported clinical status) patient outcomes data are reported.ResultsOutcome data are available from 64 patients who received REGEN-COV. Improvement in ≥1 outcome measure was observed in 90.6% of the overall patient group. Thirty-seven of these patients had COVID-19 duration ≥21 days prior to treatment, with a median time from RT-PCR diagnosis to REGEN-COV administration of 60.5 days. Of the 29 patients with COVID-19 duration ≥21 days prior to treatment who had available outcome data, 96.6% showed improvement in ≥1 outcome measure evaluated following use of REGEN-COV. In the 14 patients who had post-treatment RT-PCR results available, 11 (78.6%) reported a negative RT-PCR following treatment with REGEN-COV, with 5 patients (45.5%) reporting a negative RT-PCR within 5 days of treatment and 8 (72.7%) reporting a negative RT-PCR within 21 days of treatment.ConclusionsIn this retrospective analysis of immunodeficient patients who were granted REGEN-COV under the compassionate use program, REGEN-COV treatment was associated with rapid viral clearance and clinical improvement in the evaluable patients with long-standing COVID-19.SummaryPatients with immunodeficiency-associated antibody disorders are at a higher risk of prolonged/persistent COVID-19 infection. In this retrospective analysis, compassionate use of REGEN-COV in such patients was associated with rapid viral clearance and/or clinical improvement in the evaluable patients.
SECEDO: SNV-based subclone detection using ultra-low coverage single-cell DNA sequencing
Authors: Rozhoňová Hana , Danciu Daniel , Stark Stefan , Rätsch Gunnar , Kahles André , Lehmann Kjong-Van 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMotivationSeveral recently developed single-cell DNA sequencing technologies enable whole-genome sequencing of thousands of cells. However, the ultra-low coverage of the sequenced data (< 0.05x per cell) mostly limits their usage to the identification of copy number alterations in multi-megabase segments. Many tumors are not copy number-driven, and thus single-nucleotide variant (SNV)-based subclone detection may contribute to a more comprehensive view on intra-tumor heterogeneity. Due to the low coverage of the data, the identification of SNVs is only possible when superimposing the sequenced genomes of hundreds of genetically similar cells. Thus, we have developed a new approach to efficiently cluster tumor cells based on a Bayesian filtering approach of relevant loci and exploiting read overlap and phasing.ResultsWe developed Single Cell Data Tumor Clusterer (SECEDO, lat. ‘to separate’), a new method to cluster tumor cells based solely on SNVs, inferred on ultra-low coverage single-cell DNA sequencing data. We applied SECEDO to a synthetic dataset simulating 7,250 cells and eight tumor subclones from a single patient, and were able to accurately reconstruct the clonal composition, detecting 92.11% of the somatic SNVs, with the smallest clusters representing only 6.9% of the total population. When applied to four real single-cell sequencing datasets from a breast cancer patient, each consisting of ≈2,000 cells, SECEDO was able to recover the major clonal composition in each dataset at the original coverage of 0.03x, achieving an ARI score of ≈0.6. The current state-of-the-art SNV-based clustering method achieved an ARI score of ≈0, even after increasing the coverage in silico by a factor of 10, and was only able to match SECEDO’s performance when pooling data from all four datasets, in addition to artificially increasing the sequencing coverage by a factor of 7. Variant calling on the resulting clusters recovered more than twice as many SNVs as would have been detected if calling on all cells together. Further, the allelic ratio of the called SNVs on each subcluster was more than double relative to the allelic ratio of the SNVs called without clustering, thus demonstrating that calling variants on subclones, in addition to both increasing sensitivity of SNV detection and attaching SNVs to subclones, significantly increases the confidence of the called variants.AvailabilitySECEDO is implemented in C++ and is publicly available at https://github.com/ratschlab/secedo.