bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytically active gold clusters with atomic precision for noninvasive early intervention of neurotrauma
Authors: Zhang Yunguang , Sun Si , Liu Haile , Ren Qinjuan , Hao Wenting , Xin Qi , Xu Jiangang , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiao-Dong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Neurotrauma is a worldwide public health problem which can be divided into primary and secondary damge. The primary damge is caused by external forces and triggers the overproduction of peroxides and superoxides, leading to long-lasting secondary damage including oxidative stress, wound infection and immunological reactions. The emerging catalysts have shown great potential in the treatment of brain injury and neurogenic inflammation, but are limited to biosafety issues and delivery efficiency.

Results
Herein, we proposed the noninvasive delivery route to brain trauma by employing highly active gold clusters with enzyme-like activity to achieve the early intervention. The decomposition rate to H2O2 of the ultrasmall gold clusters is 10 times that of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, indicating excellent catalytic activity. The gold clusters can relieve the oxidative stress and decrease the excessive O2·− and H2O2 both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, gold clusters can accelerate the wound healing of brain trauma and alleviate inflammation via inhibiting the activation of astrocytes and microglia through noninvasive adminstration. decrease the peroxide and superoxide of brain tissue.

Conclusions
Present work shows noninvasive treatment is a promising route for early intervention of brain trauma.
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Sidamic version of the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life-Bref Scale measuring the quality of life of women with severe preeclampsia in southern Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Jikamo Birhanu , Adefris Mulat , Azale Telake , Alemu Kassahun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWomen with severe preeclampsia often present with more health complaints compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies. Estimating the quality of life of women affected with severe preeclampsia could provide direction for further interventions. However, the current measurement of the quality of life has not been culturally adapted and validated for this population. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and test the reliability and validity of the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life-Bref Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) in southern Ethiopia among women with severe preeclampsia.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia in selected hospitals with randomly recruited women with severe preeclampsia. Cultural adaptation and validation techniques were used to translate and adapt the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Face, content validity, forward and backward translations, and synthesis were computed using an expert panel. The scale was pretested and adjusted accordingly. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = ICC) were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was computed to test the fit of the structure to the local setting before conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Multiple methods for determining the number of factors extracted (scree test, eigenvalues) were used. We compared the original English structure with the new structure in the study setting and extracted a new structure using EFA.ResultsThe internal consistency reliabilities ranged from 0.8045 to 0.9123 indicating good-to-excellent reliability. The item‑level content validity ranged from 0.86 to 1.00; the scale‑level content validity index was 0.97. In CFA, the model fit indices were unacceptable (Comparative Fit Index (CFI = 0.87), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA = 0.23), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR = 0.38), Tucker Lewis Index (TLI = 0.85) and (PCLOSE = 0.00). Three new factor structures were extracted using EFA for current research with a total variance was 91%.ConclusionsThe failure of the original scale in this study population highlights the importance of culturally adapting tool to local settings. EFA confirmed a three-factor structure, inconsistent with the original English structure.
Governance of health research in four eastern and southern African countries
Authors: Juma Pamela A. , Jones Catherine M. , Mijumbi-Deve Rhona , Wenham Clare , Masupe Tiny , Sobngwi-Tambekou Joelle , Biemba Godfrey , Mtombo Namuunda , Parkhurst Justin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Health research governance is an essential function of national health research systems. Yet many African countries have not developed strong health research governance structures and processes. This paper presents a comparative analysis of national health research governance in Botswana, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia, where health sciences research production is well established relative to some others in the region and continues to grow. The paper aims to examine progress made and challenges faced in strengthening health research governance in these countries.

Methods
We collected data through document review and key informant interviews with a total of 80 participants including decision-makers, researchers and funders across stakeholder institutions in the four countries. Data on health research governance were thematically coded for policies, legislation, regulation and institutions and analysed comparatively across the four national health research systems.

Results
All countries were found to be moving from using a research governance framework set by national science, technology and innovation policies to one that is more anchored in health research structures and policies within the health sectors. Kenya and Zambia have adopted health research legislation and policies, while Botswana and Uganda are in the process of developing the same. National-level health research coordination and regulation is hampered by inadequate financial and human resource capacities, which present challenges for building strong health research governance institutions.

Conclusion
Building health research governance as a key pillar of national health research systems involves developing stronger governance institutions, strengthening health research legislation, increasing financing for governance processes and improving human resource capacity in health research governance and management.
Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 impairs cognition in systemic lupus erythematosus by promoting microglial synaptic pruning via the β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Lu Li , Wang Hailin , Liu Xuan , Tan Liping , Qiao Xiaoyue , Ni Jiali , Sun Yang , Liang Jun , Hou Yayi , Dou Huan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a severe complication, which involves pathological damage to the brain and cognitive function. However, its exact mechanism of action still remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of microglia in the cognitive dysfunction of NPSLE mice. We also analyzed and compared the metabolites in the hippocampal tissues of the lupus model and control mice.MethodsMRL/MpJ-Faslpr(MRL/lpr) female mice were used as the NPSLE mouse model. Metabolomics was used to assess hippocampal glycolysis levels. Glucose, lactic acid, IL-6, and IL-1β of the hippocampus were detected by ELISA. Based on the glycolysis pathway, we found that pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) in the hippocampus was significantly increased. Thus, the expression of PKM2 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, and the localization of PKM2 in microglia (IBA-1+) or neurons (NeuN+) was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number and phenotype of microglia; the changes in microglial phagocytosis and the β-catenin signaling pathway were detected in BV2 cells overexpressing PKM2. For in vivo experiments, MRL/lpr mice were treated with AAV9-shPKM2. After 2 months, Morris water maze and conditional fear tests were applied to investigate the cognitive ability of mice; H&E and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate brain damage; flow cytometry was used to detect the phenotype and function of microglia; neuronal synapse damage was monitored by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsGlycolysis was elevated in the hippocampus of MRL/lpr lupus mice, accompanied by increased glucose consumption and lactate production. Furthermore, the activation of PKM2 in hippocampal microglia was observed in lupus mice. Cell experiments showed that PKM2 facilitated microglial activation and over-activated microglial phagocytosis via the β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo, AAV9-shPKM2-treated mice showed decreased microglial activation and reduced neuronal synapses loss by blocking the β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the cognitive impairment and brain damage of MRL/lpr mice were significantly relieved after microglial PKM2 inhibition.ConclusionThese data indicate that microglial PKM2 have potential to become a novel therapeutic target for treating lupus encephalopathy.
Activation of GPR39 with TC-G 1008 attenuates neuroinflammation via SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway post-neonatal hypoxic–ischemic injury in rats
Authors: Xie Shucai , Jiang Xili , Doycheva Desislava Met , Shi Hui , Jin Peng , Gao Ling , Liu Rui , Xiao Jie , Hu Xiao , Tang Jiping , Zhang Lina , Zhang John H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe anoxic brain injury that leads to premature mortality or long-term disabilities in infants. Neuroinflammation is a vital contributor to the pathogenic cascade post-HIE and a mediator to secondary neuronal death. As a plasma membrane G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR39, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in several diseases. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective function of GPR39 through inhibition of inflammation post-hypoxic–ischemic (HI) injury and to elaborate the contribution of sirtuin 1(SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)/nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2(Nrf2) in G-protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39)-mediated protection.

Methods
A total of 206 10-day-old Sprague Dawley rat pups were subjected to HIE or sham surgery. TC-G 1008 was administered intranasally at 1 h, 25 h, 49 h, and 73 h post-HIE induction. SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, GPR39 CRISPR, and PGC-1α CRISPR were administered to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Brain infarct area, short-term and long-term neurobehavioral tests, Nissl staining, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were performed post-HIE.

Results
The expression of GPR39 and pathway-related proteins, SIRT1, PGC-1α and Nrf2 were increased in a time-dependent manner, peaking at 24 h or 48-h post-HIE. Intranasal administration of TC-G 1008 reduced the percent infarcted area and improved short-term and long-term neurological deficits. Moreover, TC-G 1008 treatment significantly increased the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α and Nrf2, but downregulated the expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. GPR39 CRISPR EX527 and PGC-1α CRISPR abolished GPR39’s neuroprotective effects post-HIE.

Conclusions
TC-G 1008 attenuated neuroinflammation in part via the SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway in a neonatal rat model of HIE. TC-G 1008 may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment post-neonatal HIE injury.
Application of ultrasound in the closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in supracondylar humeral fractures
Authors: Wu Yang , Lu Rongbin , Liao Shijie , Ding Xiaofei , Su Wei , Wei Qinjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound examination can be applied to the diagnosis of pediatric elbow fracture. This study aims to analyze the application value of ultrasound in the surgical treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures.

Methods
64 children with supracondylar humeral fractures were treated with ultrasound-guided closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP), 31 patients were treated with CRPP under radiography guidence. The reduction effect of supracondylar humeral fractures was determined through the perioperative ultrasound images of the lateral, medial and posterior aspects of the elbow. Percutaneous pinning was performed after supracondylar humeral fractures were well reduced. A follow-up examination was performed and all the patients were evaluated according to Flynn’s criteria.

Results
The mean duration of surgery was 58.3 min (42–108 min) in the ultrasound group and 41.5 min (24-63 min) in the radiography group (P < 0.05). The mean carrying angle was 8.2° (0°–15°) in the ultrasound group and 9.4°(3°–16°) in the radiography group; The mean Baumann’s angle was 75.5°(60°–85°) in the ultrasound group and 73.4°(62°–82°) in the radiography group; The mean lateral humerocapitellar angle was 38.4° (26°–54°) in the ultrasound group and 41.6°(29°–52°) in the radiography group; No significant differences were observed between the two groups. According to the Flynn’s criteria, 49 (76.6%) patients had excellent, 10 (15.6%) patients achieved good, 3 (4.7%) patients showed fair results and 2 (3.1%) patients achieved poor results in the ultrasound group; 22 (70.9%) patients had excellent, 6 (19.4%) patients achieved good, 2 (6.5%) patients showed fair results and 1 (3.2%) patients achieved poor results in the radiography group; No statistically significant difference was noted between the results of these two groups (P > 0.05). After surgery, three patients had pin tract infection. One patient had ulnar nerve neurapraxia in the radiography group. No cases with Volkmann’s contracture were reported.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided CRPP is a safe and reliable surgical treatment of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures.
Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
Impact of rising temperatures on the biomass of humid old-growth forests of the world
Authors: Larjavaara Markku , Lu Xiancheng , Chen Xia , Vastaranta Mikko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Understanding how warming influence above-ground biomass in the world’s forests is necessary for quantifying future global carbon budgets. A climate-driven decrease in future carbon stocks could dangerously strengthen climate change. Empirical methods for studying the temperature response of forests have important limitations, and modelling is needed to provide another perspective. Here we evaluate the impact of rising air temperature on the future above-ground biomass of old-growth forests using a model that explains well the observed current variation in the above-ground biomass over the humid lowland areas of the world based on monthly air temperature.

Results
Applying this model to the monthly air temperature data for 1970–2000 and monthly air temperature projections for 2081–2100, we found that the above-ground biomass of old-growth forests is expected to decrease everywhere in the humid lowland areas except boreal regions. The temperature-driven decrease is estimated at 41% in the tropics and at 29% globally.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that rising temperatures impact the above-ground biomass of old-growth forests dramatically. However, this impact could be mitigated by fertilization effects of increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere and nitrogen deposition.
Intervention to enhance adherence to mandibular advancement appliance in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Tallamraju Harishri , Newton J. Tim , Fleming Padhraig S. , Johal Ama 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterised by the repeated episodic collapse of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in sleep deprivation, giving rise to apnoeas and hypopnoeas. Based on the severity of OSA, there are two primary treatment modalities, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and mandibular advancement appliances (MAA); both are adherence-dependent. MAA is offered to those with mild to moderate OSA and is prescribed as an alternative to patients intolerable to CPAP. However, adherence to MAA treatment is variable and declines over time. Hence, the current study aims to assess the effectiveness of the stage-matched intervention, the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), on adherence to MAA in patients with OSA.

Methods
A single-centre randomised clinical trial will be undertaken at Bart’s Health NHS Trust. Fifty-six participants with newly diagnosed OSA are planned to be enrolled in the study and randomised to intervention care (IC) and standardised care (SC) groups. Participants in the SC group will receive routine care whilst participants in the IC group will receive the stage-matched intervention, developed using the HAPA model. Data indicating MAA adherence will be collected both objectively and subjectively, from micro-sensors embedded in the MAA design and sleep diaries, respectively at 3, 6, 18 and 36 months. In addition, a range of questionnaires designed to assess risk perception, outcome expectancy, and self-efficacy (SEMSA) and quality of sleep (PSQI and ESS) and life (EQ-5DL), socio-economic and social support scales will be used.

Discussion
The currently available treatments for obstructive sleep apnoea depend entirely on the patient’s acceptance and use. There are several factors that affect cooperation and wear for example patients’ awareness of their condition, social support and psychological behaviour. In addition, mood, such as anxiety, stress, and depression, may affect wear. At the same time, we know that interventions involving more education and behaviour approaches can help patients adapt more easily to some treatments. As a result, the present trial aims to explore the potential role of these factors to maximise treatment success and minimise side effects.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04092660. Registered on September 6, 2019
Two hybrid and non-hybrid k-dimensional inclusion systems via sequential fractional derivatives
Authors: Aydogan Seher Melike , Sakar Fethiye Muge , Fatehi Mostafa , Rezapour Shahram , Masiha Hashem Parvaneh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSome complicated events can be modeled by systems of differential equations. On the other hand, inclusion systems can describe complex phenomena having some shocks better than the system of differential equations. Also, one of the interests of researchers in this field is an investigation of hybrid systems. In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for hybrid and non-hybrid k-dimensional sequential inclusion systems by considering some integral boundary conditions. In this way, we use different methods such as α-ψ contractions and the endpoint technique. Finally, we present two examples to illustrate our main results.
Zika virus endemic challenges during COVID-19 pandemic in Africa
Authors: Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Sukaina Mahnoor , Kumar Harendra , Farooqui Tahreem , Faheem Samar , Chahal Priyanka , Alkazmi Luay , Hetta Helal F. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZika virus remains endemic and opportunistic of high transmission in the tropical region of Africa, and the repeated cases of the Zika virus in Africa made it public health emergency in 2016. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the catastrophic cases of unknown and unreported deaths overwhelming the region of Africa could not give health attention to respond to other endemic diseases. Here, we present the possible complication and challenges associated with the Zika virus in Africa and COVID-19 predominance, shifting the attention from the Zika virus surveillance. This paper determines to enlighten the reader about the situation, the efforts to curb the transmission of both the Zika virus and the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the report recommends sustainable solutions that can lessen the threat to public health.
Heteroleptic Cu(I) Phenanthroline Complexes Bearing Benzoxazole and Benzothiazole Moieties for Visible Light Absorption
Authors: Takeda Hiroyuki , Shimo Makoto , Yasuhara Gai , Kobori Ken , Asano Motoko S , Amao Yutaka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Three kinds of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes having a phenanthroline-based ligand acting as a chromophore and bearing benzoxazole, benzothiazole, and thiazole moieties were synthesized. Introduction into the phenanthroline ligands of electron-withdrawing five-membered aryl groups caused large red-shifts in the metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands, showing visible light absorption up to 500 nm. The obtained Cu(I) complexes exhibited emissions with quantum yields of 0.01–0.04 and long lifetimes of 0.4–3 µs.
Dynamic Behavior of Cargo Proteins Regulated by Linker Peptides on a Protein Needle Scaffold
Authors: Nguyen Que D , Kikuchi Kosuke , Kojima Mariko , Ueno Takafumi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigated the effect of linkers on the dynamics of cargo proteins by using a protein needle (PN) scaffold linked to superfolder green fluorescent proteins (sfGFPs) via various linkers. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) revealed clear images of the sfGFP motions on the PN. The results showed that the mobility of cargo proteins is affected by the flexibility and length of linker as well as the intermolecular interactions between the cargo protein and the scaffold protein.
Ομοιότητες ΔΕΠΥ και Χαρισματικότητας
Authors: Νταλάκα Βασιλική , Μωραΐτη Αφροδίτη 
Published: October 2021

Η χαρισματικότητα θεωρείται ότι συμβάλλει θετικά σε υψηλότερα επίπεδα εκπαιδευτικών και επαγγελματικών επιτευγμάτων. Ωστόσο, ορισμένοι ερευνητές πρότειναν ότι υπό κάποιες συνθήκες μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε συναισθηματικά, συμπεριφορικά και κοινωνικά προβλήματα. Σύμφωνα με κάποιες άλλες έρευνες, η παρορμητικότητα, η υπερκινητικότητα και η απροσεξία των χαρισματικών ατόμων προκύπτουν από την ψυχοκινητική υπερδιέγερση και δεν αποτελούν καθαρές ενδείξεις ΔΕΠΥ. Κατά συνέπεια υπάρχει ελλιπής ή λανθασμένη ή διττή διάγνωση της ΔΕΠΥ και της χαρισματικότητας. Η διττή διάγνωση αναφέρεται σε μαθητές οι οποίοι έχουν υψηλό νοητικό δυναμικό και παράλληλα εμφανίζουν χαρακτηριστικά από μία ή περισσότερες διαταραχές. Υπάρχουν έρευνες που έχουν καταλήξει στο συμπέρασμα ότι τα παιδιά με ΔΕΠΥ και υψηλή νοημοσύνη δεν διαφέρουν σημαντικά όσον αφορά τα κλινικά χαρακτηριστικά και την ανταπόκριση στη θεραπεία σε σχέση με τα παιδιά με ΔΕΠΥ και χαμηλότερη νοημοσύνη. Με βάση τα ευρήματά τους, κατέληξαν στο συμπέρασμα ότι η ΔΕΠΥ είναι μια έγκυρη διαταραχή μεταξύ ατόμων με υψηλή νοημοσύνη. Ωστόσο, εξακολουθεί να υπάρχει έλλειψη πληροφόρησης σχετικά με τον τρόπο με τον οποίο η εκδήλωση απροσεξίας και/ ή υπερκινητικότητας/ παρορμητικότητας σε αυτή τη συγκεκριμένη ομάδα παιδιών μπορεί να διαφέρει σε σύγκριση με άλλα, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των (i) μη χαρισματικών παιδιών με ΔΕΠΥ, (ii) χαρισματικών παιδιών χωρίς ΔΕΠΥ, και (iii) παιδιά μη χαρισματικά και χωρίς ΔΕΠΥ. Στόχος της παρούσας εισήγησης είναι η σύγκριση των πεδίων αυτών σε σχέση με τα χαρακτηριστικά που εμφανίζουν οι μαθητές των παραπάνω ομάδων.