bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of camptothecin by analytical methods and determination of anticancer potential against prostate cancer
Authors: Galatage Sunil T. , Trivedi Rahul , Bhagwat Durgacharan A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Objective of present research work is to develop and validate cost-effective analytical tool for determination of camptothecin (CPT) and determine its anticancer potential against prostate cancer LNCaP cell lines. Structural elucidation has been performed by mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and MTT assay utilized for in vitro cytotoxicity where spectrometric method was used for estimation of camptothecin.

Results
Mass spectra showed peak at 349.2 which matches to standard molecular weight of camptothecin. FTIR and NMR spectra conformed functional moieties and structure of isolated camptothecin which was nearly equal to values mentioned in standard structure of camptothecin. IC50 values of CPT against LNCaP cell lines was found to be 3.561 μg/ml. Lambda max of CPT was found to be at 225 nm and calibration curve found to be linear over the concentration range from 2 to 70 μg/ml of camptothecin. Developed method was found to be linear, accurate, and precise. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.0524 μg/ml and 0.1614 μg/ml, respectively. Developed method has % relative standard deviation less than one which is reproducible hence % recovery was found to be 99.80%.

Conclusions
FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry results conforms isolated compound was camptothecin; cytotoxicity study proves it has strong potential in treatment of prostate carcinoma as competent alternative to chemotherapy in the form of herbal medicine and the developed UV method proves to be valid, sensitive, and applicable for rapid, accurate, precise, and economical determination of camptothecin.
In vitro antioxidant and ex vivo anti-cataract activity of ethanolic extract of Cineraria maritima: a traditional plant from Nilgiri hills
Authors: Durgapal Sumit , Juyal Vijay , Verma Anurag 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cineraria maritima has a long history of use in the treatment of cataract and other eye-related problems in the homeopathic system of medicines. High oxidative stress is one of the major underlying causes of cataract which results in the precipitation of natural protein present in the lenses with aging. This research has been carried out to determine the anti-cataract activity of C. maritima by performing various antioxidant techniques such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and studies in oxidative stress–induced ex vivo cataract model.

Results
Results of the study conducted in the ethanolic extract of aerial parts (leaves and stems) of C. maritima revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, etc. Total phenol and total flavonoid content was found to be 6.31 ± 0.06 % w/w and 2.14 ± 0.09% w/w respectively, which revealed that the plant contains a good amount of these compounds and hence possesses good antioxidant activity. Furthermore, IC50 values obtained from all the methods gave strong evidence regarding the antioxidant potential of this plant. Anti-cataract activity was also investigated using goat eye lenses and promising results were obtained which speak voluminously about its anti-cataract potential and support its well-prescribed use.

Conclusion
Results obtained with this study clearly supported the significant antioxidant potential and anti-cataract activity of this plant. Further, this plant demands great attention for the development of suitable novel dosage forms for the effective treatment of cataract.
The proclivity of free-ranging indigenous village chickens for night-time roosting in trees
Authors: Desta Takele Taye 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Roosting in trees exhibits the instinct and widespread practice of the night enclosure system in indigenous village chickens (IVCs) of the tropics. This work reviews the predisposition of IVCs for night-time roosting in trees and summarizes the pros and cons of this natural behavior. It is largely focused on personal insights which were then refined further by informal discussions. Besides, literature was consulted to recapitulate the accidental observational study.

Main topics
Night-time roosting in trees although in most instances is performed by a small proportion of farmers, is a widely practiced night enclosure system in the tropics. Roosting in trees eliminates the labor and the cost needed to construct night enclosures. It reduces contact with soiled bedding materials and droppings, parasites, and pathogens, consequently, it improves the health status and welfare of the family flock. It enables IVCs to express their inbuilt behavior and to evade predators. It carries the legacy of the ancient chicken rearing system and it is eco-friendly practice. However, in the absence of protective structures such as fences, it exposes IVCs to nocturnal predators and theft. However, this can be circumvented using guarding dogs. Birds might be also affected by adverse weather, although they are thought to be resilient to such environmental changes.

Conclusions
The sustainability, economic feasibility, and welfare of IVCs roosting in a tree need to be assessed to make it a justifiable practice. This piece of work likely elicits research questions to conduct an in-depth study on the existing systems of using trees as night-time roosting sites for IVCs.
The image of perfectionism in youth with diverse structure and intensity of anorexia readiness
Authors: Świerczyńska Justyna 
Published: May 2021

Cel pracyCelem badań jest poszukiwanie podobieństw i różnic w wymiarach perfekcjonizmu, postrzeganych przez osoby badane o różnej strukturze gotowości anorektycznej i wyodrębnionych na podstawie analizy skupień.MetodaW ramach realizowanego projektu badawczego zastosowano następujące narzędzia badawcze: Kwestionariusza do Badania Indywidualnego Stosunku do Jedzenia B. Ziółkowskiej (2001) oraz Wielowymiarowego Kwestionariusza do Badania Perfekcjonizmu FMPS autorstwa Frosta i in. (1990) w tłumaczeniu i opracowaniu S. Tucholskiej.WynikiW opracowaniu wyników badań empirycznych analiza skupień według metody k - średnich pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie 3 skupień (grupa przystosowana, grupa egocentryczna i grupa anorektyczna). Wyodrębnione skupienia różnią się nasileniem cech stanowiących gotowość anorektyczną. Analiza testem Post hoc Tukey’a wykazała, że na poziomie wymiarów perfekcjonizmu nie istnieją statystyczne różnice między 2 a 3 skupieniem. Na poziomie pełnych wymiarów wykazała, że skupienie 2 i 3 uzyskują wyższe średnie we wszystkich wymiarach perfekcjonizmu niż skupienie 1.WnioskiReasumując wyniki przedstawione w niniejszej pracy można wskazać, iż: (1) wyodrębniono trzy grupy: przystosowana, egocentryczna i anorektyczna; (2) najwyższe wyniki we wszystkich wymiarach uzyskała grupa anorektyczna; (3) wyodrębnione grupy nie różnią się strukturą perfekcjonizmu; (4) profil wyników średnich dotyczących wymiarów perfekcjonizmu we wszystkich trzech wyodrębnionych grupach jest bardzo podobny.
Transient Dynamic Response of a Semi-infinite Elastic Permeable Solid with Cylindrical Hole Subject to Laser Pulse Heating Under Different Theories of Generalized Thermoelasticity
Authors: Paul K. , Mukhopadhyay B. 
Published: May 2021

Our current work is related to the study of vibrations induced by laser beams on the behalf of distinct theories of magneto-thermo-elastic diffusion problem in a semi-infinitely long, conducting isotropic elastic solid with cylindrical hole in a uniform magnetic field acting on the surface of the cylindrical hole of the solid in the direction of the axis of the cylindrical hole. The temporal scheme of laser beam is considered as non-Gaussian and is acted on the surface of the cylindrical hole. The problem is solved with the help of Laplace transform domain and finally illustrated graphically.
Note: This article will be very useful in material science specially, in powder metallurgy during sintering, hot pressing, wire and rods annealing are examined from a unified physical point of view, in different branches of engineering physics like plasma physics, nuclear physics, geophysics and related topics and also in oil industry (Lyashenko and Hryhorova (2014), Long and Heng-Wei (2018), Fryxell and Aitken (1969), Nowinski (1978), Legros et al. (1998), Galliero et al. (2019) etc.).
Real-world assessment of Fluorecare SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Test Kit
Authors: Salvagno Gian Luca , Gianfilippi Gianluca , Pighi Laura , De Nitto Simone , Henry Brandon M. , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Since commercial SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) antigen rapid detection tests (Ag-RDTs) display broad diagnostic efficiency, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of Fluorecare SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Test Kit in a real-life scenario.

Methods
The study population consisted of a series of patients undergoing SARS-Cov-2 diagnostic testing at Pederzoli Hospital of Peschiera del Garda (Verona, Italy). A nasopharyngeal swab was collected upon hospital admission and assayed with molecular (Altona Diagnostics RealStar® SARSCoV-2 RT-PCR Kit) and antigen (Fluorecare SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Test Kit) tests.

Results
The study population consisted of 354 patients (mean age, 47 ± 20 years; 195 women, 55.1%), 223 (65.8%) positive at molecular testing. A significant correlation was found between Fluorecare SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Test Kit and Altona (both S and E genes: r=−0.75; p<0.001). The cumulative area under the curve in all nasopharyngeal samples was 0.68. At ≥1.0 S/CO manufacturer’s cut-off, the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were 27.5, 99.2, 41.5 and 98.5%, respectively. Considerable improvement of sensitivity was observed as Ct values decreased, becoming 66.7% in samples with mean Ct values <30, 90.5% in those with mean Ct values <25, up to 100% in those with mean Ct values <20.

Conclusions
The modest sensitivity and negative predictive value of Fluorecare SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Test Kit makes unadvisable to use this assay as surrogate of molecular testing for definitively diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection, though its suitable sensitivity at high viral load could make it a reliable screening test for patients with higher infective potential.
Image retrieval of MRI brain tumour images based on SVM and FCM approaches
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Mehan Vineet 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The key test in Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval (CBMIR) frameworks for MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) pictures is the semantic hole between the low-level visual data caught by the MRI machine and the elevated level data seen by the human evaluator.

Methods
The conventional component extraction strategies centre just on low-level or significant level highlights and utilize some handmade highlights to diminish this hole. It is important to plan an element extraction structure to diminish this hole without utilizing handmade highlights by encoding/consolidating low-level and elevated level highlights. The Fleecy gathering is another packing technique, which is applied in plan depiction here and SVM (Support Vector Machine) is applied. Remembering the predefinition of bunching amount and enlistment cross-section is until now a significant theme, a new predefinition advance is extended in this paper, in like manner, and another CBMIR procedure is suggested and endorsed. It is essential to design a part extraction framework to diminish this opening without using painstakingly gathered features by encoding/joining low-level and critical level features.

Results
SVM and FCM (Fuzzy C Means) are applied to the power structures. Consequently, the incorporate vector contains all the objectives of the image. Recuperation of the image relies upon the detachment among request and database pictures called closeness measure.

Conclusions
Tests are performed on the 200 Image Database. Finally, exploratory results are evaluated by the audit and precision.
Circ_0013359 facilitates the tumorigenicity of melanoma by regulating miR-136-5p/RAB9A axis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Feng Yingfa , Feng Jiangang , Zhang Jinming , Huang Lili 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Circular RNAs play crucial roles in tumor occurrence and progression. This research aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of hsa_circ_0013359 (circ_0013359) in melanoma.

Methods
The levels of circ_0013359, microRNA-136-5p (miR-136-5p), and member RAS oncogene family (RAB9A) in melanoma tissues and cells were detected using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell migration, and invasion were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. Glycolysis was determined by detecting glucose consumption, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate. The levels of hexokinase 2 and lactate dehydrogenase A were examined by western blot. The targeting relationship between miR-136-5p and circ_0013359 or RAB9A was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft experiments were used to analyze tumor growth in vivo.

Results
Circ_0013359 and RAB9A levels were increased, while the miR-136-5p level was reduced in melanoma tissues and cells. Circ_0013359 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis and promoted apoptosis and cycle arrest in A875 and SK-MEL-1 cells. Circ_0013359 sponged miR-136-5p to regulate melanoma progression. In addition, miR-136-5p suppressed melanoma progression by targeting RAB9A. Besides, circ_0013359 silencing inhibited tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion
Depletion of circ_0013359 hindered melanoma progression by regulating miR-136-5p/RAB9A axis.
Mechanisms of circular RNA circ_0066147 on pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The purpose of the study was to explore the precise parts of circ_0066147 (circular RNA [circRNA] scm-like with four mbt domains 1, circSFMBT1) in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression.

Methods
Ribonuclease R assay was used to confirm the stability of circ_0066147. circ_0066147, miR-326 and E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) expression levels was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion abilities were assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Targeted relationships among circ_0066147, miR-326 and E2F2 were verified by the dual-luciferase reporter or RNA pull-down assay.

Results
circ_0066147 expression was upregulated in PC tissues and cells. circ_0066147 knockdown inhibited PC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and enhanced apoptosis in vitro, as well as weakened tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0066147 directly targeted miR-326 and circ_0066147 modulated E2F2 expression by miR-326. miR-326 mediated the regulation of circ_0066147 in PC cell behaviors in vitro. Furthermore, E2F2 was a functional target of miR-326 in modulating PC cell behaviors in vitro.

Conclusion
circ_0066147 regulated PC malignant progression in part depending on the miR-326/E2F2 axis, illuminating circ_0066147 was a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for PC management.
A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers
Authors: Ghorbani Kharaji Zahra , Bayareh Morteza , Kalantar Vali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers is given. This is supplemented by the governing equations, governing non-dimensional parameters, numerical simulation approaches, and fabrication techniques. Acoustically induced vibration is a kind of external energy input employed in active micromixers to improve the mixing performance. An air bubble energized by an acoustic field acts as an external energy source and induces friction forces at the interface between an air bubble and liquid, leading to the formation of circulatory flows. The current review (with 200 references) evaluates different characteristics of microfluidic devices working based on acoustic field shaking.
Multilingualism among the elderly Chinese in Singapore: an oral account
Authors: Nah Vanessa Ellen Mei Yin , Cavallaro Francesco , Panović Ivan , Ng Bee Chin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to qualitatively document the histories of Singapore’s Chinese multilingual elderly. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven Chinese Singaporeans aged 75 years and above on how and why they acquired the languages they speak and their attitudes towards these linguistic varieties, of which many are declining in usage. Five participants were multilingual and spoke three or more languages fluently; two spoke only two languages and were included for a balanced and holistic perspective. Common themes from the interviews were identified and discussed. One key finding was that communicative necessity and practicality naturally fuelled language learning. Outside of the home, multilingual individuals acquired varieties from conversing with friends, relatives and customers, or as an educational requirement. Language was tied to ethnic belonging, but, generally, pride to speak a linguistic variety was linked to its functional value, not its associated ethnic identity. Unhappiness was expressed at the waning of the Chinese vernaculars and Baba Malay in Singapore today. Such language loss was seen as a sombre, but unavoidable consequence of Singapore’s globalisation and modernisation.
Preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the emergency department by implementing a separate pathway for patients with respiratory conditions
Authors: Alqahtani Fulwah , Alanazi Marzouqah , Alassaf Wajdan , Aleanizy Fadilah Sfouq , Aljahany Muna , Joseph Mercy , AlRaye Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to describe the development and implementation of a separated pathway to check and treat patients with a suspected/confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the emergency department (ED) at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, descriptive longitudinal study from March to July 2020 by analyzing data of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 among ED visitors and healthcare workers in King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital.

Results
During the study period, a total of 1,182 swab samples were collected for testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), of which 285 (24.1%) tested positive. Of the 285 cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18 were healthcare workers and 267 were patients. As a result of using the respiratory pathway for COVID-19 patients, the hospital managed to limit transmission of SARS-CoV-2 not only between patients but also between patients and healthcare workers, while also containing the pandemic. There were no cases of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection recorded among the patients who visited the ED or the flu clinic. All confirmed cases were community acquired and patients were cared for under constrained measures.

Conclusions
Implementing infection control measures and restricting those with respiratory symptoms to the ED pathway prevented nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the ED.
Experimental and numerical investigation of cutting forces during turning of cylindrical AISI 4340 steel specimens
Authors: İynen Oğur , Ekşi Abdul Kadir , Özdemir Mustafa , Akyıldız Hamza Kemal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cutting forces play a significant role in machining because they directly affect the mechanics of machining, the energy requirements, and the tool stability required. In this study, the cutting forces occurring during the turning of AISI 4340 material with 30 Rockwell C hardness scale have been analyzed both experimentally and numerically. Many types of research have been conducted via 2-D simulation using the finite element analysis method. In other words, in most studies, the workpiece was modeled as a flat specimen. Therefore, this paper presents a real 3-D turning simulation model using cylindrical specimens. The cutting forces were measured using a Kistler 9129AA model piezoelectric dynamometer. The ABAQUS/Explicit finite element method was used, and a model by Johnson and Cook was assigned as a material model in the numerical analysis. A new PVD AlTiN coated carbide insert was incorporated to prevent wear. Experimental results obtained from cutting tests were compared with numerical results to establish the accuracy of the FEM. It was observed that experimental and numerical results overlapped each other. Thus, this method can be used directly in the industry to reduce high processing costs.
Effect of TIG welding parameters in joining grade 2 pure titanium
Authors: Sönmez Murat , Topuz Polat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Grade 2, the most widely used pure titanium in the industry, has high corrosion resistance, excellent ductility, good weldability and is easily machinable. If titanium is exposed to temperatures above 500 °C due to moisture or hydrocarbons in the air, it is susceptible to taking up oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen. This can cause cracks, especially after welding. Therefore, protection of the welding zone from external factors is of great importance during welding. For these reasons, TIG welding is the most widely used method for titanium welding. In this study, Grade 2 pure titanium plates are joined by TIG welding at three (40 A, 60 A and 80 A) current values under the same conditions. For the welding process, 2 wt.-% cerium addition Tungsten tip and high purity (99.99 vol.-%) argon was used as a shielding gas. After a visual inspection of the welded samples, microstructure inspections, macrostructure inspections, hardness measurements, bending tests and tensile tests were performed in accordance with the standards. As a result of the investigations, it was determined that the most suitable current value for the joining of Grade 2 titanium by TIG welding was 60 A.
Precipitated phase in the β phase of IN783 alloy
Authors: Liu Junjian , Zhao Qiang , Tao Siyou , Wang Jiaqing , Wu Yue , Du Xiaodong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Inconel 783 alloy, there are mainly two kinds of strengthening phases of β and γ’. In addition, it is found that there are other precipitated phases in the alloy’s β phase. By means of multiple testing methods, the types and functions of the precipitated phase in the β phase were determined. The results showed that the precipitated phases from β phase were nanoscale Nb and Ti carbides and a large number of white needle-like Laves phases. The former, due to its small size, which can improve the grain boundary slip resistance of the alloy, thus improves the shaping of the material. While the latter, due to its sharp shape and due to its large amount, destroys the original structure of the β phase and greatly reduces the room temperature plasticity of the alloy.