bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Kharaziha Mahshid , Baidya Avijit , Annabi Nasim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith all the advances in tissue engineering for construction of fully functional skin tissue, complete regeneration of chronic wounds is still challenging. Since immune reaction to the tissue damage is critical in regulating both the quality and duration of chronic wound healing cascade, strategies to modulate the immune system are of importance. Generally, in response to an injury, macrophages switch from pro‐inflammatory to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, controlling macrophages’ polarization has become an appealing approach in regenerative medicine. Recently, hydrogels‐based constructs, incorporated with various cellular and molecular signals, have been developed and utilized to adjust immune cell functions in various stages of wound healing. Here, the current state of knowledge on immune cell functions during skin tissue regeneration is first discussed. Recent advanced technologies used to design immunomodulatory hydrogels for controlling macrophages’ polarization are then summarized. Rational design of hydrogels for providing controlled immune stimulation via hydrogel chemistry and surface modification, as well as incorporation of cell and molecules, are also dicussed. In addition, the effects of hydrogels’ properties on immunogenic features and the wound healing process are summarized. Finally, future directions and upcoming research strategies to control immune responses during chronic wound healing are highlighted.
Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Graphene Quantum Dots: from Synthesis to Spectroscopy and Photonics
Authors: Paternò Giuseppe Maria , Goudappagouda  , Chen Qiang , Lanzani Guglielmo , Scotognella Francesco , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSynergistic research efforts in multistep chemical synthesis and state‐of‐the‐art optical spectroscopy have permitted the realization of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with defined structures and properties, paving the way towards their possible applications in photonics and optoelectronics. One such fruitful feedback loop between synthesis and spectroscopy is represented by the recent development of stable GQDs with zigzag edges, displaying excellent spectral features such as optical gain and strong absorption/emission in the visible/near‐infrared regions, which are appealing for applications in photonics. In this progress report, the authors provide an overview of the latest developments in the chemical synthesis and advanced spectroscopic investigations of atomically precise GQDs, with particular emphasis on those with zigzag‐edged structures. The latest developments in their applications are also introduced, for example, in lasing and optical imaging, and new opportunities in the field of GQDs are discussed, including chiral GQDs with chiroptical properties and possible applications of GQDs for long‐lived luminescence. The authors highlight the role and power of chemical synthesis and spectroscopy in providing new GQDs with promising optical properties that pave the way for new and exciting applications in photonics.
Blue Axially Chiral Biphenyl Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Efficient Circularly Polarized OLEDs
Authors: Tu Zhen‐Long , Lu Jun‐Jian , Luo Xu‐Feng , Hu Jia‐Jun , Li Si , Wang Yi , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Pan Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work presents two axial chiral biphenyl based blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials (M‐BPCZ4 and P‐BPCZ4) with four carbazole (CZ) donors and two cyano (CN) acceptors. The rigid CZ‐CN based molecular structures with multiple chromophores result in small gaps among charge transfer states (CTs), and the spin−orbit coupling between CT and locally excited states pushes the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. Besides, this chiral luminescence center strategy with the close distance between chiral units and chiral luminescence region contributes to satisfying circularly polarized luminescence properties with dissymmetry factor |gPL| of 5.0 × 10−3 for (R/S)‐M‐BPCZ4 and 4.7 × 10−3 for (R/S)‐P‐BPCZ4 enantiomers, respectively. Furthermore, the positions of other two CZ units have great effects on the racemization temperatures and circularly polarized electroluminescence properties of the enantiomers. The chiral dyes doped circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes compatibly display good performances with external quantum efficiency of 18.3% with slight efficiency roll‐off and high electroluminescence |gEL| of 5.5 × 10−3.
Theoretical Study on Understanding the Effects of Core Structure and Energy Level Tuning on Efficiency of Nonfullerene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Joseph Saju , Ravva Mahesh Kumar , Davis Binny A , Thomas Sabu , Kalarikkal Nandakumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are a new focus in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and continue to progress upon the drawbacks of many fullerene‐based electron acceptors. The aim of this work is to identify some important parameters that influence the efficiency of NF‐acceptors in OPVs. These results provide an enhanced understanding of the effect of the NFAs core structure (electron rich/poor group) on the photophysical and optoelectronic properties. In addition, the effect of the small ΔLUMO value (the subtle difference in energy between LUMO+1 and LUMO orbitals of NFAs; LUMO=lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals) on ultrafast charge transfer and charge separation processes in OPVs, recently identified as a key factor for all top rated high performing NFAs, is studied. So far, ΔLUMO‐based theoretical studies are limited to individual NFAs; here, for the first time, the authors have extended to the respective donor/acceptor complexes as well. Finally, based on the first‐principles density functional theory calculations with the seven reported NFAs, , P3HT, and the seven newly modeled donor–acceptor complexes, this study sheds light on important factors that will provide trends and guidelines for further rational design of more efficient NF‐acceptors for OPVs.
Rapid and inexpensive assessment of soil total iron using Nix Pro color sensor
Authors: Jha Gaurav , Sihi Debjani , Dari Biswanath , Kaur Harpreet , Nocco Mallika Arudi , Ulery April , Lombard Kevin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, an inexpensive Nix Pro (Nix Sensor Ltd.) color sensor was used to develop prediction models for soil iron (Fe) content. Thirty‐eight soil samples were collected from five agricultural fields across the Animas watershed to develop and validate soil Fe prediction models. We used color space models to develop three different parameter sets for Fe prediction with Nix Pro. The different color space sets were used to develop three new predictive models for Nix Pro‐based Fe content against the lab‐based inductively coupled plasma analyzed Fe content. The model performances were assessed using the coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and model p‐value. Three models (International Commission on Illumination's lightness, ±a axis (redness to greenness), and ± b axis (yellowness to blueness) [CIEL*a*b]; red, green, blue [RGB]; and cyan, magenta, yellow, key [black] [CMYK]) were significant in predicting the Fe content using colorimetric variables with R2 ranging from 0.79 to 0.81. The mean square prediction error (MSPE) and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) Index were calculated to validate models and CMYK was predicted to be a better model (MSPE = 0.13; KGE = 0.601) than CIEL*a*b and RGB models. The results suggest Nix Pro is useful in predicting soil Fe content.
Organic Negative Electrode Materials for Metal‐Ion and Molecular‐Ion Batteries: Progress and Challenges from a Molecular Engineering Perspective
Authors: Lakraychi Alae Eddine , Dolhem Franck , Vlad Alexandru , Becuwe Matthieu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the critical area of sustainable energy storage, organic batteries are gaining momentum as strong candidates thanks to their lower environmental footprint and great structural versatility. A plethora of organic materials have been proposed and evaluated as both positive and negative electrode materials. Whereas positive electrode chemistries have attracted extensive attention in the context of practical research and advances overviews, the negative electrode field remains poorly analyzed from a critical point of view. This review summarizes and provides an assessment of different classes of organic compounds with potential applications as negative electrode materials for metal‐ion and molecular‐ion batteries. The impact of molecular design on the electrochemical performance and guidelines for remaining challenges are highlighted.
Nutrient availability affected by silicate and Azospirillum brasilense application in corn–wheat rotation
Authors: Galindo Fernando Shintate , Pagliari Paulo Humberto , Buzetti Salatiér , Rodrigues Willian Lima , Fernandes Guilherme Carlos , Biagini Antônio Leonardo Campos , Tavanti Renan Francisco Rimoldi , Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe interactive effectof silicon (Si) application on soil fertility is poorly understood when inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is performed. This research determined if Si application and A. brasilense inoculation to corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has agronomic benefits on soil nutrient concentration and grain yield. Treatments were tested under a no‐till system in a Rhodic Haplustox in a full factorial design with four replicates and comprised (a) two soil amendment sources—calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) silicate and dolomitic limestone; (b) with and without seed inoculation with A. brasilense; and (c) five sampling dates collected during two corn–wheat crop rotations (2015–2017). Calcium and Mg silicate application was effective at decreasing soil hydrogen + aluminum (H+Al) and Al content and increasing soil pH, sum of bases, and base saturation. However, silicate changed soil nutrient availability, reduced cation exchange capacity, phosphorus (P) and Mg content and did not significantly affect (p > .05) corn and wheat grain yield. Inoculation reduced Al toxicity, with lower H+Al and Al contents, and increased K content, leading to a greater pH and base saturation after four cropping seasons. Inoculation increased corn and wheat grain yield by 8.2 and 8.3%, respectively. Application of Ca and Mg silicate was more effective than limestone as a liming agent but could result in decreased availability of certain nutrients in soil. Inoculation with A. brasilense could be an important management practice to maintain adequate Si content in soil when limestone is applied. However, with silicate application, A. brasilense could increase Si depletion in soil.
Brennstoffbetriebene und enzymregulierte redoxresponsive supramolekulare Hydrogele
Authors: Jain Mehak , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Hydrogele eingebrachte chemische Reaktionsnetzwerke können responsive Materialien zu komplexen, selbstregulierenden Materialien transformieren, die eine Rückkopplung auf externe Stimuli generieren können. Diese Arbeit präsentiert Hydrogele aus dem Wirt‐Gast‐Paar β‐Cyclodextrin und Ferrocen als supramolekulare Vernetzer. Ein redoxresponsives Verhalten des Systems wird induziert durch die Treibstoff‐Enzym‐Paare Meerrettich‐Peroxidase/H2O2 und Glucose‐Oxidase (GOx)/d‐Glucose. Das Hydrogel kann durch Variation der Konzentration des Reduktionstreibstoffs d‐Glucose von einem responsiven zu einem selbstregulierenden supramolekularen System umgewandelt werden. Gestartet wird das selbstregulierende Verhalten durch die Bildung eines Oxidationsmittels innerhalb des Gels durch das Cofaktor‐Intermediat GOx[FADH2]. UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie, Rheologie und kinetische Modellierung wurden angewendet, um dieses Nichtgleichgewichtsverhalten und die Programmierbarkeit der Rückkopplung des Hydrogels, unter anderem die Anpassung des Speichermoduls und die mögliche Anwendung als Glucose‐Sensor, zu beleuchten.
Flexible and sensitive piezoresistive electronic skin based on TOCN/PPy hydrogel films
Authors: Gao Yujiao , Liu Dongning , Xie Yuanyuan , Song Yiheng , Zhu Enwen , Shi Zhuqun , Yang Quanling , Xiong Chuanxi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the wearable electronic skin (E‐skin) has attracted more and more attention due to high sensitivity, good portability and flexibility. In this work, we used the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCN) as the substrate, and used the in‐situ polymerization method to introduce polypyrrole (PPy) into the TOCN substrate. Then, the nylon gauze was used as microstructure template to prepare a TOCN/PPy E‐skin with a surface microstructure. This E‐skin possessed excellent sensing and mechanical properties. In the pressure range of 0–600 Pa, the sensitivity of E‐skin was 3.13 kPa−1. In addition, the E‐skin exhibited ultrafast response/recovery time (≤10 ms), ultralow detection limit of 0.3 Pa, good stability (>9000 cycles) and mechanical strength of up to 117 MPa. Therefore, the TOCN/PPy E‐skin has broad development prospects in the fields of artificial intelligence and health monitoring.
Time‐dependent properties of epoxy resin with imidazolium ionic liquid
Authors: Fonseca Eduardo , da Silva Vinícius Demétrio , Amico Sandro Campos , Pupure Liva , Joffe Roberts , Schrekker Henri Stephan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates creep and viscoelastic behavior of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin and triethylenetetramine (TETA) system containing an imidazolium ionic liquid (IL), the 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C4MImCl). Different time‐dependent analysis methods are studied using data from tensile creep, tensile creep/recovery, and three‐point and four‐point flexural creep tests of epoxy with 1.0 or 4.0 phr of IL. From the results, the composition containing 1.0 phr of C4MImCl, cured at 60°C, presented greater viscoelasticity and crosslink density compared to compositions cured at 30 and 40°C, which was attributed to higher free volume and higher molecular mobility induced by the presence of the IL. In tensile creep tests using the stepped isostress method (SSM), no important degrading effects were found after the addition of 1.0 phr of IL over long time periods. This composition also showed the best overall performance in flexural SSM creep tests.
Extraction of a second power‐law tail of the density distribution in simulated clouds
Authors: Marinkova Lyubov , Veltchev Todor , Girichidis Philipp , Donkov Sava 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe emergence and development of a power‐law tail (PLT) at the high‐density end of the observed column‐density distribution are thought to be indicative for advanced evolution of star‐forming molecular clouds. As shown from many numerical simulations, it corresponds to a morphologically analogous evolution of the mass‐density distribution (ρ‐PDF). The latter may display also a second, shallower PLT at the stage of collapse of the first formed protostellar cores. It is difficult to estimate the parameters of a possible second PLT due to resolution constraints. To address the issue, we extend the method for the extraction of single PLTs from arbitrary density distributions suggested by Veltchev et al. (MNRAS, 489, 788, 2019) to detect a second PLT. The technique is elaborated through tests on an analytic ρ‐PDF and applied to a set of hydrodynamical high‐resolution simulations of isothermal self‐gravitating clouds. In all but one case two PLTs were detected—the first slope is always steeper and the second one is typically . These results are in a good agreement with numerical and theoretical works and do suggest that the technique extracts correctly double PLTs from smooth PDFs.
Preparation of thermosensitive PNIPAm‐based copolymer coated cytodex 3 microcarriers for efficient nonenzymatic cell harvesting during 3D culturing
Authors: Darge Haile F. , Chuang Shun‐Hao , Lai Juin‐Yih , Lin Shuian‐Yin , Tsai Hsieh‐Chih 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnzymatic detachment of cells might damage important features and functions of cells and could affect subsequent cell‐based applications. Therefore, nonenzymatic cell detachment using thermosensitive polymer matrix is necessary for maintaining cell quality after harvesting. In this study, we prepared thermosensitive PNIPAm‐co‐AAc‐b‐PS and PNIPAm‐co‐AAm‐b‐PS copolymers and low critical solution temperature (LCST) was tuned near to body temperature. Then, spin coated polymer films were prepared for cell adhesion and thermal‐induced cell detachment. The alpha‐step analysis and scanning electron microscope image of the films suggested that the thickness of the films depends on the molecular weight and concentration which ranged from 206 to 1330 nm for PNIPAm‐co‐AAc‐b‐PS and 97.5–497 nm for PNIPAm‐co‐AAm‐b‐PS. The contact angles of the films verified that the polymer surface was moderately hydrophilic at 37°C. Importantly, RAW264.7 cells were convincingly proliferated on the films to a confluent of >80% within 48 h and abled to detach by reducing the temperature. However, relatively more cells were grown on PNIPAm‐co‐AAm‐b‐PS (5%w/v) films and thermal‐induced cell detachment was more abundant in this formulation. As a result, PNIPAm‐co‐AAm‐b‐PS (5%w/v) was further used to coat commercial cytodex 3 microcarriers for 3D cell culturing and interestingly enhanced cell detachment with preserved potential of recovery was observed at a temperature of below LCST. Thus, surface modification of microcarriers with thermosensitive PNIPAm‐co‐AAm‐b‐PS could be vital strategy for nonenzymatic cell detachment and to achieve adequate number of cells with maximum cell viability and functionality.
Nuclear Aurora kinase A triggers programmed death‐ligand 1‐mediated immune suppression by activating MYC transcription in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Sun Shulan , Zhou Wei , Li Xiaoxi , Peng Fei , Yan Min , Zhan Yajing , An Fan , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Yunyong , Liu Quentin , Piao Haozhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing studies have reported that oncogenes regulate components of the immune system, suggesting that this is a mechanism for tumorigenesis. Aurora kinase A (AURKA), a serine/threonine kinase, is involved in cell mitosis and is essential for tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the mechanism by which AURKA is involved in immune response regulation is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of AURKA in immune regulation in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC).MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co‐cultured with TNBC cells. The xCELLigence Real‐Time Cell Analyzer‐MP system was used to detect the killing efficiency of immune cells on TNBC cells. The expression of immune effector molecules was tested by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) to evaluate immune function. Furthermore, to validate AURKA‐regulated immune response in vivo, 4T1 murine breast cancer cell line with AURKA overexpression or downregulation was engrafted into BALB/c mice. The distribution and proportion of immune cells in tumors were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.ResultsDownregulation of AURKA in TNBC cells increased immune response by activating CD8+ T cell proliferation and activity. Nuclear rather than cytoplasmic AURKA‐derived programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression was independent of its kinase activity. Mechanistic investigations showed that nuclear AURKA increased PD‐L1 expression via an MYC‐dependent pathway. PD‐L1 overexpression mostly reversed AURKA silencing‐induced expression of immune effector molecules, including interleukin‐ (IL‐2), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and perforin. Moreover, AURKA expression was negatively correlated with the enrichment and activity of tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells in 4T1 engrafted BALB/c mouse model.ConclusionsNuclear AURKA elevated PD‐L1 expression via an MYC‐dependent pathway and contributed to immune evasion in TNBC. Therapies targeting nuclear AURKA may restore immune responses against tumors.
Identification of novel mutations and functional impacts of EPAS1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Islam Farhadul , Gopalan Vinod , Lu Cu Tai , Pillai Suja , Lam Alfred K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEndothelial PAS domain‐containing protein 1 (EPAS1) has implications in many cancers. However, the molecular behaviours, functional roles and mutational status of EPAS1 have never been studied in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The study aims to examine the genetic alterations and functional roles of EPAS1 in CRC. In addition, the clinical impacts of EPAS1 in CRC were studied. Significant EPAS1 DNA amplification (63.4%; n = 52/82) and consequent mRNA overexpression (72%; n = 59/82) were noted in patients with CRC. In CRC, 16% (n = 13/82) of the patients had mutations in the EPAS1 coding sequence and most of the mutated samples exhibited aberrant DNA changes and mRNA overexpression. We have identified two novel variants, c.1084C>T; p.L362L and c.1121T>G; p.F374C in CRC. These EPAS1 aberrations in CRC were correlated with clinicopathological parameters, including tumour size, histological grade, T‐stages, cancer perforation as well as the presence of synchronous cancer. Also, reduced cell proliferation, wound healing, migration and invasion were noted in colon cancer cells followed by EPAS1 silencing. To conclude, the results obtained from the current study indicated that EPAS1 plays important role in colorectal carcinogenesis, thus, could be useful as a prognostic marker and as a target for therapy development.
Hypoxia‐related lncRNAs to build prognostic classifier and reveal the immune characteristics of EGFR wild type and low expression of PD‐L1 squamous and adenocarcinoma NSCLC
Authors: Zhao Fang , Wang Min , Zhu Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the development and application of targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved remarkable survival benefits in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild type and low expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) NSCLC remain unmanageable. Few treatments for these patients exist, and more side effects with combination therapies have been observed. We intended to generate a hypoxia‐related lncRNAs (hypolncRNAs) classifier that could successfully identify the high‐risk patients and reveal its underlying molecular immunology characteristics.MethodsBy identifying the bottom 25% PD‐L1 expression level as low expression of PD‐L1 and removing EGFR mutant samples, a total of 222 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) samples and 93 adjacent non‐tumor samples were finally extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A 0 or 1 matrix was constructed by cyclically pairing hypoxia‐related long non‐coding RNAs (hypolncRNAs) and divided into the train set and test set. The univariate Cox regression analysis determined the prognostic hypolncRNAs pairs. Then, the prognostic classifier contained nine hypolncRNAs pairs which were generated by Lasso regression and multivariate Cox analysis. It successfully stratified EGFR wild type and low expression of PD‐L1 squamous and adenocarcinoma NSCLC (double‐negative LUAD and LUSC) patients into the high‐ and low‐risk groups, whose accuracy was proved by the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Furthermore, diverse acknowledged immunology methods include XCELL, TIMER, QUANTISEQ, MCPcounter, EPIC, CIBERSORT‐ABS, CIBERSORT, and the single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) revealed its underlying antitumor immunosuppressive status in the high‐risk patients.ConclusionsIt is noteworthy that hypolncRNAs are associated with the survival of double‐negative LUAD and LUSC patients, for which the possible mechanism is inhibiting the antitumor immune process.