bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Cost of Ecosystem Services of Urban Landscapes (by the Example of Moscow)
Authors: Semenyuk O. V. , Stoma G. V. , Bodrov K. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract—
The cost of park-recreational, residential, and residential-transport urban landscapes of Moscow has been estimated taking into account land use and the relationships between ecosystem services and ecological functions and properties of individual landscape components. On the basis of the methodology previously proposed by the authors, a wide range of ecosystem services of urban landscapes, mainly associated with soils and their ecological state, has been assessed. The cost of ecosystem services provided by the soil in urban landscapes is 20–30 times higher in comparison with that of green spaces, and some soil services can be considered invaluable because of the difficulty of renewing this natural resource. The cost of ecosystem services of undisturbed soils of park and recreational landscapes is 1.5–2 times higher than that of anthropogenically transformed soils of residential and residential-transport urban territories. The main contribution to the overall cost of ecosystem services of soils in urban landscapes is due to the following services: carbon sequestration, preservation of the genetic material of biota, and filtration and accumulation of chemical elements in the ecosystem. These services can be considered as promising in the monetization of ecosystem services in urban landscapes. The decline in the cost of ecosystem services from park and recreational landscapes to residential and residential-transport landscapes is largely determined by the deterioration of the ecological state of soils. The benefits provided by the natural block of landscapes are comparable to or greater than those of the cultural (human-created) block. In relation to the all-Russia assessment of ecosystem services, a specific feature of urban areas is a significant share (on average, 25%) of the cultural block in the total cost of ecosystem services and a decrease in the cost of regulatory services by about 30%. The results of the economic assessment of ecosystem services of urban landscapes indicate an underestimation of the value of natural components, a significant contribution of soil to the natural block, the need to search for simplified integral indicators of its state, and the presence of cost calculation problems. The methodological approaches and provisional results of this study can be used in urban planning with the aim to preserve the soil cover of urban landscapes and optimize their functioning.
An engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding a single-chain variable fragment against TIGIT induces effective antitumor immunity and synergizes with PD-1 or LAG-3 blockade
Authors: Zuo Shuguang , Wei Min , Xu Tiancheng , Kong Lingkai , He Bohao , Wang Shiqun , Wang Shibing , Wu Junhua , Dong Jie , Wei Jiwu 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIn addition to directly lysing tumors, oncolytic viruses also induce antitumor immunity by recruiting and activating immune cells in the local tumor microenvironment. However, the activation of the immune cells induced by oncolytic viruses is always accompanied by high-level expression of immune checkpoints in these cells, which may reduce the efficacy of the oncolytic viruses. The aim of this study is to arm the oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) with immune checkpoint blockade to enhance its antitumor efficacy.MethodsThrough homologous recombination with the parental VV, an engineered VV-scFv-TIGIT was produced, which encodes a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) targeting T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT). The antitumor efficacy of the VV-scFv-TIGIT was explored in several subcutaneous and ascites tumor models. The antitumor efficacy of VV-scFv-TIGIT combined with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) blockade was also investigated.ResultsThe VV-scFv-TIGIT effectively replicated in tumor cells and lysed them, and prompt the infected tumor cells to secret the functional scFv-TIGIT. Compared with control VV, intratumoral injection of VV-scFv-TIGIT in several mouse subcutaneous tumor models showed superior antitumor efficacy, accompanied by more T cell infiltration and a higher degree of CD8+T cells activation. Intraperitoneal injection of VV-scFv-TIGIT in a mouse model of malignant ascites also significantly improved T cell infiltration and CD8+T cell activation, resulting in more than 90% of the tumor-bearing mice being cured. Furthermore, the antitumor immune response induced by VV-scFv-TIGIT was dependent on CD8+T cells which mediated a long-term immunological memory and a systemic antitumor immunity against the same tumor. Finally, the additional combination of PD-1 or LAG-3 blockade further enhanced the antitumor efficacy of VV-scFv-TIGIT, increasing the complete response rate of tumor-bearing mice.ConclusionsOncolytic virotherapy using engineered VV-scFv-TIGIT was an effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Administration of VV-scFv-TIGIT caused a profound reshaping of the suppressive tumor microenvironment from ‘cold’ to ‘hot’ status. VV-scFv-TIGIT also synergized with PD-1 or LAG-3 blockade to achieve a complete response to tumors with poor response to VV or immune checkpoint blockade monotherapy.
Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of Camrelizumab in Previously Treated Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (CAPTAIN study)
Authors: Yang Yunpeng , Zhou Ting , Chen Xiaozhong , Li Jingao , Pan Jianji , He Xiaohui , Lin Lizhu , Shi Ying-rui , Feng Weineng , Xiong Jianping , Yang Kunyu , Yu Qitao , Zhang Qunling , Hu Desheng , Sun Yan , Hu Guangyuan , Li Ping , Shen Liangfang , Lin Qin , Zhang Ben , Qu Xiao , Zou Jianjun , Zhang Li , Fang Wenfeng , Zhao Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of camrelizumab, an antiprogrammed cell death-1 antibody, in pretreated recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to explore predictive biomarkers.MethodsPatients with recurrent (not amenable to locally curative treatment) or metastatic NPC who had failed at least two lines of chemotherapy were eligible to receive camrelizumab (200 mg intravenously every 2 weeks) for 2 years or until disease progression, intolerable adverse events, withdrawal of consents, or investigator decision. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent review committee (IRC). Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Other immune-related biomarkers including major histocompatibility complex class I and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) were assessed by multiplex immunofluorescence staining.ResultsBetween August 14, 2018, and December 30, 2019, a total of 156 patients were enrolled. The IRC-assessed ORR was 28.2% (95% CI 21.3% to 36.0%). The median progression-free survival was 3.7 months (95% CI 2.0 to 4.1) per IRC, and the median overall survival was 17.4 months (95% CI 15.2 to 21.9). The ORRs were 35.2% (95% CI 25.3% to 46.1%) vs 19.4% (95% CI 10.4% to 31.4%) in patients with tumor PD-L1 expression of ≥10% and<10%, respectively. Patients with durable clinical benefit (DCB), which was defined as complete response, partial response or stable disease of ≥18 weeks, had higher density of MHC-II+ cell in stroma than patients without DCB (median 868.1 (IQR 413.4–2854.0) cells/mm2vs median 552.4 (IQR 258.4 to 1242.1) cells/mm2). MHC-II+ cell density did not correlate with PD-L1 expression, and a composite of high stromal MHC-II+ cell density and tumor PD-L1 expression further enriched patients who could benefit from camrelizumab.ConclusionsCamrelizumab had clinically meaningful antitumor activity in patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC. The composition of both MHC-II+ cell density and PD-L1 expression could result in better patient selection.
Population genetic structure and dispersal ofPinus occidentalisin the Dominican Republic by chloroplastic SSR, with implications for its conservation, management, and reforestation
Authors: Rodríguez de Francisco Luis E. , Carreras-De León Rosanna , Navarro Cerrillo Rafael M. , Paulino-Gervacio Liz A. , Rey María-Dolores , del Orbe Matos Diego , Perdomo Omar Paíno , Jorrín Novo Jesús V. 
Published: December 2021

Pinus occidentalis Swartz is the dominant species of forest ecosystems in the Dominican Republic, located between 200 and 3000 m above sea level, with extensive and overexploited natural populations. However, over the years, various restoration plans have been performed, which could affect the genetic structure of P. occidentalis. Despite being the species with the highest occurrence in the Dominican forests, there is no existing information on the genetic structure and molecular characterization among natural populations with limited information on both phenological and productive characterization. In this study, the genetic structure, diversity, and gene flow of the five P. occidentalis natural populations of the Dominican Republic were determined using microsatellite markers. A total of 145 individuals were genotyped with eight polymorphic chloroplastic microsatellites, producing an average of 41 haplotypes with high genetic diversity across populations (HE = 0.90). Significant population genetic structure was found between populations (FST = 0.123). These results reflect the impact of reforestation programs on natural populations and diluting the natural genetic signature. Analysis of population genetic data are, therefore, crucial for the breeding and conservation programs of P. occidentalis in the country.
A New System with a Self-Excited Fully-Quadratic Strange Attractor and Its Twin Strange Repeller
Authors: Ramesh Arthanari , Hussain Iqtadar , Natiq Hayder , Mehrabbeik Mahtab , Jafari Sajad , Rajagopal Karthikeyan 
Published: December 2021

In nonlinear dynamics, the study of chaotic systems has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world due to the exciting and peculiar properties of such systems. In this regard, the present paper introduces a new system with a self-excited strange attractor and its twin strange repeller. The unique characteristic of the presented system is that the system variables are all in their quadratic forms; therefore, the proposed system is called a fully-quadratic system. This paper also elaborates on the study of the bifurcation diagram, the interpretation of Lyapunov exponents, the representation of basin of attraction, and the calculation of connecting curves as the employed method for investigating the system’s dynamics. The investigation of 2D bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents indicated in this paper can better recognize the system’s dynamics since they are plotted considering simultaneous changes of two parameters. Moreover, the connecting curves of the proposed system are calculated. The system’s connecting curves help identify the system’s different behaviors by providing general information about the nature of the flows.
PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES, HEDERA HIBERNICA ТА ORIGANUM VULGARE В СКЛАДІ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИХ НА РИНКАХ УКРАЇНИ ТА ПОЛЬЩІ
Authors: Bryda O. R. , Stadnytska N. Ye. 
Published: December 2021

Мета роботи. Провести аналіз асортименту лікарських препаратів фармацевтичних ринків України та Польщі, які містять в своєму складі субстанції коренів пеларгонії очиткової (Pelargonium Sidoides), трави материнки звичайної (Origanum vulgare) та листя плюща звичайного (Hedera Hibernica). На підставі одержаних результатів визначити доцільність розробки нового багатокомпонентного препарату з їхнім вмістом.
Матеріали і методи. Аналіз фармацевтичних ринків проводили згідно з даними Державного реєстру лікарських засобів України та Польщі (станом на липень 2021 року). Робота виконана з використанням логічного, статистичного та графічного методів.
Результати й обговорення. Більшість проаналізованих засобів фармацевтичних ринків України та Польщі із вмістом пеларгонії очиткової, материнки звичайної, плюща звичайного представлені у формі сиропів. В основному, це однокомпонентні лікарські засоби (73,33 % в Україні та 91,7 % в Польщі). В обох країнах найбільший відсоток досліджуваних препаратів вироблені на вітчизняних фармацевтичних підприємствах, на другому місці препарати імпортовані з Німеччини. Найчастіше лікарські препарати із вмістом Origanum vulgare, Hedera Hibernica, Pelargonium Sidoides – це засоби, що застосовуються у разі кашлю та застудних захворювань (78,21 %).
Висновки. Розробка нового багатокомпонентного лікарського засобу із вмістом трави материнки, листя плюща і пеларгонії є перспективною оскільки аналогів такого препарату на проаналізованих фармацевтичних ринках немає.
АНАТОМІЧНА БУДОВА ПІДЗЕМНИХ ОРГАНІВ КАТРАНУ КОКТЕБЕЛЬСЬКОГО (CRAMBE KOKTEBELICA (JUNGE) N. BUSCH)
Authors: Marchyshyn S. M. , Skrynchuk O. Ya. , Rakhmetov D. B. , Demydiak O. L. 
Published: December 2021

Мета роботи: визначення мікроскопічних діагностичних ознак підземних органів катрану коктебельського (C. koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch).
Матеріали і методи. Мікропрепарати кореня готували зі свіжозібраної, фіксованої в суміші етанол-гліцерин-вода очищена (1:1:1) та висушеної, а потім розмоченої сировини. Анатомічну будову вивчали на препаратах із поверхні та поперечних зрізах, які робили за загальноприйнятою методикою. Використовували світловий мікроскоп «БІОЛАМ ЛОМО» (Росія) при збільшенні у 80, 120, 160, 400, 600 та 800 разів. Отримані дані фіксували цифровою фотокамерою OLYMPUS SH – 21. Фотографії обробляли за допомогою комп’ютерної програми «Adobe Photoshop CS3».
Результати й обговорення. Анатомічна будова кореня. Корінь на поперечному зрізі округлої форми. Перидерма представлена 2–4 шарами паренхімних клітин. Добре розвинута корова паренхіма, яка утворена паренхімними тонкостінними клітинами. У коренях другого і наступних років серед клітин корової паренхіми зустрічаються невеликі скупчення склереїд, які відсутні в коренях першого року. Тип будови центрального циліндра безпучковий. Камбій добре помітний. Запасною речовиною кореня картану коктебельського є крохмаль, а в оболонках судин первинної та вторинної ксилеми – білок.
Анатомічна будова видозміни кореня (стеблекорінь, каудекс). Осьовий орган на поперечному зрізі округлої форми. Покривна тканина – багатошарова епідерма, клітини якої паренхімні, товстостінні. Опушення рідке, представлене простими одноклітинними волосками. Добре розвинена корова паренхіма, яка складається з паренхімних тонкостінних клітин. У коровій частині зустрічаються луб’яні волокна. Центральний осьовий циліндр безпучкової будови, камбій добре виражений. Домінуюча тканина ксилеми – лібриформ. Серцевина виражена, виповнена.
Клітини корової паренхіми та серцевини накопичують крохмаль у вигляді простих крохмальних зерен, оболонки клітин судин та деяких клітин серцевини – білок.
Висновки. Досліджено анатомічну будову підземних органів катрану коктебельського (коренів і стеблокореня) та виявлено основні мікроскопічні діагностичні ознаки, які будуть використані для розробки методів контролю якості на нову лікарську рослинну сировину.
Діагностичними ознаками кореня є:

скупчення склереїд у коровій паренхімі кореня другого, третього та наступних років;
прості крохмальні зерна з тріщинкою, або з вираженими денними і нічними шарами;
білок у клітинах ксилеми.

Діагностичними ознаками стеблокореня є:

покривна тканина – багатошарова епідерма;
рідке опушення простими одноклітинними волосками;
наявність луб’яних волокон у коровій паренхімі;

домінування у ксилемі механічної тканини.
Numerical Origins: The Critical Questions
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Four perspectives on numerical origins are examined. The nativist model sees numbers as an aspect of numerosity, the biologically endowed ability to appreciate quantity that humans share with other species. The linguistic model sees numbers as a function of language. The embodied model sees numbers as conceptual metaphors informed by physical experience and expressed in language. Finally, the extended model sees numbers as conceptual outcomes of a cognitive system that includes material forms as constitutive components. If numerical origins are to be found, each perspective must address one or more critical questions that will require working across discipline boundaries.
Notes For a Discussion on Unequal Exchange and the Marxist Theory of Dependency
Authors: Féliz Mariano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The debate on the decline of the terms of trade in dependent countries was never fully integrated into the Marxist theory of dependency. The attempt to articulate it through the category of unequal exchange was not particularly systematic. This paper seeks to recover those debates and will attempt to account for the relevant articulations in the light of a present revitalisation of studies in the field of Marxist dependency theory. To this end, we will recover the classical discussions around unequal exchange in order to discuss their points of contact with the Marxist theory of dependency and some contemporary debates around the transfer of value and the super-exploitation of labour and nature.
Contextual Theology as Heritage Formation: Moluccan Culture, Christianity, and Identity
Authors: Lensink Jip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article uses the case of Moluccan Protestantism to argue that contextual theology is not merely a postcolonial theological movement, but in some cases also can be understood as part of a larger post-independence political nation-building project of heritage formation. I show how in two key political periods the interests of the Moluccan Protestant church (GPM) and the Indonesian government coalesced. The word ‘heritage’ is central to the Moluccan contextual discourse, and the development of contextual theology resembles practices of heritage formation, being a controlled political process of careful selection of cultural forms, aimed at a sense of ‘authentic’ local identity. The development of a Moluccan contextual theology partakes in the socio-political effort of preservation of Moluccan cultural heritage. At the same time, and paradoxically, the heritage frame in which Moluccan contextual theology is embedded, also hinders the theological goal of contextualization. This article is based on anthropological research into Moluccan theology. Its innovative contribution and relevance lies in the interdisciplinary postcolonial perspective, that understands Moluccan contextual theology as both a theological exercise of inculturation and as a religious expression of Indonesia’s heritage politics.
Modern African Missionaries. A Reassessment of Their Impact in Uganda 1890s–1920s
Authors: Wild-Wood Emma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Using examples from Anglican missions in the Great Lakes region of Africa this article explores the roles of African Protestant missionaries in the modern era. It argues that many committed African Christians understood themselves to be missionaries and examines the nature of their missionary activity. Those who called themselves missionaries evangelised outside their own ethnic group. They were engaged in regional and transnational developments. The article attends to local and regional historical processes to show how African missionary activities were infused with transnational notions of belonging to a world religion.
Mugemangango v. Belgium: No Exceptions for “Old Democracies”
Authors: Brakebill James R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In Mugemangango v. Belgium, the European Court of Human Rights clarified its case law regarding the right to vote and stand for election. By holding that Belgium’s longstanding tradition of allowing parliamentary review of election disputes violates guarantees of fairness and impartiality, the Court made clear that it would not interpret Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 as providing an exception for so-called “old democracies.” In doing so, the Court sent a clear message to other member states with similar systems of parliamentary review that their procedures may not be in compliance with the Convention.
贛南客家話鼻音的成音節化、去成音節化及獨立成韻
Authors: 張 倩 
Published: December 2021

摘要
本文在實地調查的基礎上，詳細考察贛南客家話鼻音的成音節化、去成音節化以及獨立成韻的現象。本文研究表明，贛南客家話鼻音成音節化的過程與多數漢語方言表現一致，即韻母元音脫落，鼻音聲母自成音節；m̩、n̩、ŋ̍之間的轉化與多數粵、客方言表現一致，即以前移為主（ŋ̍→m̩ 、ŋ̍→n̩或n̩→m̩）。本文認為，贛南客家話裡只有VN形式是成音節鼻音發生去成音節化而來，NVN形式則是在鼻音聲母和韻母高元音的雙重作用下演變而來。贛南客家話裡的鼻音還可以獨立成韻與各種聲母拼合，這種特殊現象與韻母主元音和鼻音韻尾都有關係。
The Soundscapes of Our Elsewheres
Authors: Alajaji Sylvia Angelique 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, ethnomusicologist Sylvia Angelique Alajaji interviews electronic music composer, filmmaker, sound artist, and producer Lara Sarkissian on her career, artistic process, making music as an Armenian in diaspora, and the ways she uses music to bring into conversation the various (often quieted) presents of the diaspora with its many (often quieted) pasts, thus creating soundscapes of future possibility.
Termin "rasa" i jego synonimy w polskiej refleksji naukowej i popularnonaukowej w latach 1864–1918
Authors: Wrzesińska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2021

The Term Race and its Synonyms in Polish Scholarly and Popular Science Thought, 1864–1918In the Polish scholarly literature concerning terminology used in different fields of knowledge, issues of the meaning and usage of the term race have not been discussed. The article aims at demonstrating how the term race was used in the Polish writings. Typically, it was in use interchangeably with terms considered as its synonyms, such as plemię, szczep, gałąź, lud and naród, as well as the notions adapted from natural sciences such as species and variety. All these terms were applied in order to categorize human groups, describe and classify them. The meaning of the notion race was not fully analyzed. Moreover, despite the fact that the Western science and its development was followed and popularized in Poland, no clear definitions appeared there. The majority of Polish authors still used the terms mentioned above as synonyms and understood quite different contents from the point of view of biology, culture and spiritual and social contexts. The term racial was still used interchangeably with such terms as ethnic, ethnographic, ethnological. Even though in the second half of the nineteenth century some Polish scholars (e.g. Ludwik Gumplowicz, Erazm Majewski, and Ludwik Krzywicki) initiated attempts to clarify this terminology, their effort did not ultimately exert an influence on the language of the message. Termin rasa i jego synonimy w polskiej refleksji naukowej i popularnonaukowej w latach 1864–1918W polskiej literaturze naukowej dotyczącej terminologii stosowanej w różnych dziedzinach wiedzy nie poruszono dotąd zagadnień związanych ze znaczeniem i użyciem terminu rasa. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie sposobu pojmowania tego terminu i zakresu jego stosowania w piśmiennictwie polskim. Najczęściej był on używany zamiennie z określeniami uważanymi za jego synonimy, takimi jak plemię, szczep, gałąź, lud i naród oraz przyswojonymi z nauk przyrodniczych: gatunek i odmiana. Wszystkie te terminy służyły rozróżnianiu grup ludzkich, ich opisowi i klasyfikacji. Nie udawało się zgłębić znaczenia pojęcia rasa. Także nauka zachodnia, którą śledzono i popularyzowano, nie przynosiła jasnych definicji. Większość z piszących stosowała synonimicznie wspomniane terminy i rozumiała pod nimi zupełnie inne treści: biologiczne, kulturowe i duchowe, społeczne. Określenia rasowy natomiast używano zamiennie z takimi wyrazami jak etniczny, etnograficzny, etnologiczny. Choć w drugiej połowie XIX wieku polscy uczeni (Ludwik Gumplowicz, Erazm Majewski, Ludwik Krzywicki) podejmowali próby uporządkowania terminologii, pozostały one bez większego wpływu na język przekazu.