bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to Identify Barriers and Facilitators to Elder‐Friendly Care Implementation Within a Multi‐Site Academic Health Centre
Authors: Dakin Lena , Valdron‐Nguyen Sabrina , Castiglione Sonia , Briand Anaïck , Oliver Catherine , Kusaian Tina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocietal demographic shifts are occurring globally. Within Quebec, Canada, the percentage of adults over 65 (older adults) is predicted to increase from 19.3% to >25.9% by the year 2036. Older adults (OAs) experience hospitalizations more frequently than persons aged 15–64 years old, and hospitalizations for OAs can be detrimental due to naturally occurring physiological changes. To address the needs of this population, the Quebec government mandated that all acute care hospitals implement OA‐friendly care standards called AAPA (“l’Approche Adaptée à la Personne Âgée”).AimsTo describe an approach for identifying barriers and facilitators (BFs) to AAPA implementation at the McGill University Health Centre, an academic healthcare centre in Montreal that provides tertiary and quaternary care.MethodsOur approach included an organizational quality improvement (QI) model based on the Institute for Healthcare Improvement QI approach and the use of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to guide the assessment of BFs to AAPA implementation. To identify the BFs of AAPA implementation, themes were generated from the raw data.ResultsIn total, 32 barriers and 88 facilitators were identified. Each BF was linked to one or more corresponding domain from the TDF. Seven of the most frequently occurring domains were: (1) knowledge, (2) beliefs about consequences, (3) social/professional role and identity, (4) social influences, (5) environmental context and resources, (6) intentions, and (7) goals.Linking Evidence to ActionA theory‐informed approach, such as the TDF, can be used to facilitate the implementation of evidence‐based guidelines.
The diversity of Campylobacter spp. throughout the poultry processing plant
Authors: Mohamed Hamdin Abasher A. , Williams Lisa K. , van Klink Ed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCampylobacteriosis is the leading food‐borne disease in developed countries, and poultry are a major source for human infection. The diversity of Campylobacter on chicken carcasses during processing may lead to isolates that are able to survive abattoir processing. This has important implications for public health and adds a further layer to the complexity of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis. The diversity of the Campylobacter spp. populations on broiler carcasses was studied at three different stages of processing (post‐bleed, post‐scald and post‐chill) in three UK processing plants, using the pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) KpnI enzyme. One hundred and sixty Campylobacter strains from 3 processing plants were identified as C. jejuni (92.3%) with 27 PFGE subtype profiles recovered from carcasses at the post‐bleed point. Change in populations was identified when carcasses move towards the end of poultry processing. Seven C. jejuni genotypes were able to survive the scalding tank stage process, and 5 genotypes surviving the entire poultry process. Confirmation by PFGE gives information on the genotypic profiles of C. jejuni on chicken carcasses and how they change according to the temperatures exposed to during processing. Diversity within C. jejuni populations produces genotypes that adapt to tolerate the processing environment, and these may be capable of causing human disease. Understanding more about the genotypes that survive the processing will have important implications for public health.
Oil–Water Relative Permeability in Shale Considering the Effect of Kerogen: Modeling and Analysis
Authors: Cui Jiangfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nontrivial initial water and the indispensable hydraulic fracturing technique for enhanced recovery result in the prevalence of oil–water two-phase flow in shale oil reservoirs. However, limited research has focused on their presumably unique flow characteristics so far. In this paper, based on assumptions about the two-phase distribution pattern, the relative permeability models for organic/inorganic pores are established. Then, the two models are combined by an upscaling model to arrive at the expression for the relative permeability of shale rocks. Effects of total organic carbon (TOC), pore size, and slip length are considered. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates their impacts on the relative permeability of inorganic/organic media and the shale rock. This is the very first work that provides an analytical relative permeability model for the oil/water two-phase flow in shale matrix considering the effect of kerogen, and it is important for understanding the performance of shale oil reservoirs and other kinds of nanoporous media.
Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Hong Jialan , Yu Xueting , Liu Qiulin , Li Andi , Wu Zhijing , Zeng Xiaojuan 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3–5 years was used.MethodsDental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively.ResultsThere were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education.ConclusionsAssociation between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.
VALUE study: a protocol for a qualitative semi-structured interview study of IVF add-ons use by patients, clinicians and embryologists in the UK and Australia
Authors: Armstrong Sarah C , Lensen Sarah , Vaughan Emily , Wainwright Elaine , Peate Michelle , Balen Adam H , Farquhar Cynthia M , Pacey Allan 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionFor couples undergoing assisted reproduction, a plethora of adjuncts are available; these are known as ‘add-ons’. Most add-ons are not supported by good quality randomised trial evidence of efficacy, with some proven to be ineffective. However, estimates suggest that over 70% of fertility clinics provide at least one add-on, often at extra cost to the patient. This study has three aims. First, to undertake a survey of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics in the UK to ascertain which add-ons are being offered and at what cost. Second, to undertake qualitative semi-structured interviews of patients, clinicians and embryologists, to explore their opinions and beliefs surrounding add-ons. Third, to review the interpretation of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority traffic light system, to better understand the information required by IVF patients, clinicians and embryologists when making decisions about add-ons.Methods and analysisAll UK IVF clinics will be contacted by email and invited to complete an online survey. The survey will ask them which add-ons they offer, at what cost per cycle and how information is shared with patients. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted in the UK and Australia with three groups of participants: (i) fertility patients; (ii) clinicians and (iii) embryologists. Participants for the interviews will be recruited via social media channels, website adverts, email and snowball sampling. Up to 20 participants will be recruited for each group in each country. Following an online consent process, interviews will be conducted via video-conferencing software, transcribed verbatim and data subjected to inductive thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Universities of Sheffield, Bath Spa and Melbourne. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated to regulatory bodies in the UK and Australia. A lay summary of findings will be shared via Fertility Network, UK.
Interaction of physical activity on the association of obesity-related measures with multimorbidity among older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in India
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit , Joseph K J Vinod , Dristhi Drishti , Muhammad T 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the associations between obesity-related measures and multimorbidity among older Indian adults and the interactive effects of physical activity in those associations.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using large representative survey data.Setting and participantsThe present study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017–2018. Participants included 15 098 male and 16 366 female older adults aged 60 years and above in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome variable was multimorbidity among older adults coded as no and yes. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis are presented in the paper. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the study objectives.ResultsAbout 24% of older adults in the LASI cohort suffered from multimorbidity. Older adults who were overweight/obese (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.61, CI 1.48 to 1.74), had high-risk waist circumference (AOR: 1.66, CI 1.52 to 1.80) and had high-risk waist to hip ratio (AOR: 1.45, CI 1.33 to 1.59) were significantly more likely to suffer from multimorbidity compared with their counterparts. Older adults who were obese and physically inactive had significantly increased odds of suffering from multimorbidity compared with older adults who were obese and physically active. Similarly, older adults with high-risk waist circumference (AOR: 1.30, CI 1.11 to 1.53) and high-risk waist to hip ratio (AOR: 1.32, CI 1.20 to 1.46) along with being physically inactive had significantly higher odds of suffering from multimorbidity in comparison with older adults with high-risk waist circumference and waist to hip ratio along with being physically active.ConclusionWhile developing health strategies for older adults, physical activity needs to be recognised as a way of minimising comorbidities. Further, the study highlights the importance of using multiple obesity-related measures to predict chronic conditions in the older population.
3.0 T MRI findings of 104 hips of asymptomatic adults: from non-runners to ultra-distance runners
Authors: Horga Laura Maria , Henckel Johann , Fotiadou Anastasia , Di Laura Anna , Hirschmann Anna , Hart Alister 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo determine and compare the health status of hip joints of individuals undertaking various lengths of long-distance running and of those who are not running.MethodsFifty-two asymptomatic volunteers underwent bilateral hip 3.0 Tesla MRI: (1) 8 inactive non-runners; (2) 28 moderately active runners (average half a marathon (21 km)/week) and (3) 16 highly active runners (≥ marathon (42 km)/week). Two musculoskeletal radiologists reported the hip MRI findings using validated scoring systems. Study participants completed a Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaire to indicate their perceived hip function.ResultsThe MRI findings show that there were no significant differences among inactive non-runners, moderately active runners and highly active runners in the amount of labral abnormalities (p=0.327), articular cartilage lesions (p=0.270), tendon abnormalities (p=0.141), ligament abnormalities (p=0.519). Bone marrow oedema was significantly more common in moderately active runners than in non-runners and highly active runners (p=0.025), while small subchondral cysts were more common in runners than in non-runners (p=0.017), but these were minor/of small size, asymptomatic and did not indicate specific exercise-related strain. Articular cartilage lesions and bone marrow oedema were not found in highly active runners. HOOS scores indicate no hip symptoms or functional problems among the three groups.ConclusionThe imaging findings were not significantly different among inactive non-runners, moderately active runners and highly active runners, in most hip structures, suggesting that long-distance running may not add further damage to the hip joints.
Precision exercise medicine: predicting unfavourable status and development in the 20-m shuttle run test performance in adolescence with machine learning
Authors: Joensuu Laura , Rautiainen Ilkka , Äyrämö Sami , Syväoja Heidi J , Kauppi Jukka-Pekka , Kujala Urho M , Tammelin Tuija H 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the ability to predict individual unfavourable future status and development in the 20m shuttle run test (20MSRT) during adolescence with machine learning (random forest (RF) classifier).MethodsData from a 2-year observational study (2013‒2015, 12.4±1.3 years, n=633, 50% girls), with 48 baseline characteristics (questionnaires (demographics, physical, psychological, social and lifestyle factors), objective measurements (anthropometrics, fitness characteristics, physical activity, body composition and academic scores)) were used to predict: (Task 1) unfavourable future 20MSRT status (identification of individuals in the lowest 20MSRT tertile after 2 years), and (Task 2) unfavourable 20MSRT development (identification of individuals with 20MSRT development in the lowest tertile among adolescents with baseline 20MSRT below median level).ResultsPrediction performance for future 20MSRT status (Task 1) was (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) 83% and 76%, sensitivity 80% and 60%, and specificity 78% and 79% in girls and boys, respectively. Twenty variables showed predictive power in boys, 14 in girls, including fitness characteristics, physical activity, academic scores, adiposity, life enjoyment, parental support, social status in school and perceived fitness.Prediction performance for future development (Task 2) was lower and differed statistically from random level only in girls (AUC 68% and 40% in girls and boys).ConclusionRF classifier predicted future unfavourable status in 20MSRT and identified potential individuals for interventions based on a holistic profile (14‒20 baseline characteristics). The MATLAB script and functions employing the RF classifier of this study are available for future precision exercise medicine research.
Cardiovascular consequences of discontinuing low-dose rivaroxaban in people with chronic coronary or peripheral artery disease
Authors: Dagenais Gilles R , Dyal Leanne , Bosch Jacqueline J , Leong Darryl P , Aboyans Victor , Berkowitz Scott D , Bhatt Deepak L , Connolly Stuart J , Fox Keith A A , Muehlhofer Eva , Probstfield Jeffrey L , Widimsky Petr , Winkelmann Bernhard R , Yusuf Salim , Eikelboom John W 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveIn patients with chronic coronary or peripheral artery disease enrolled in the Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies trial, randomised antithrombotic treatments were stopped after a median follow-up of 23 months because of benefits of the combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg two times per day and aspirin 100 mg once daily compared with aspirin 100 mg once daily. We assessed the effect of switching to non-study aspirin at the time of early stopping.MethodsIncident composite of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death was estimated per 100 person-years (py) during randomised treatment (n=18 278) and after study treatment discontinuation to non-study aspirin (n=14 068).ResultsDuring randomised treatment, the combination compared with aspirin reduced the composite (2.2 vs 2.9/100 py, HR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.86), stroke (0.5 vs 0.8/100 py, HR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.76) and cardiovascular death (0.9 vs 1.2/100 py, HR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.96). During 1.02 years after early stopping, participants originally randomised to the combination compared with those randomised to aspirin had similar rates of the composite (2.1 vs 2.0/100 py, HR: 1.08, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.39) and cardiovascular death (1.0 vs 0.8/100 py, HR: 1.26, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.86) but higher stroke rate (0.7 vs 0.4/100 py, HR: 1.74, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.87) including a significant increase in ischaemic stroke during the first 6 months after switching to non-study aspirin.ConclusionDiscontinuing study rivaroxaban and aspirin to non-study aspirin was associated with the loss of cardiovascular benefits and a stroke excess.Trial registration numberNCT01776424.
Risk and predictors of heart failure in sarcoidosis in a population-based cohort study from Sweden
Authors: Rossides Marios , Kullberg Susanna , Grunewald Johan , Eklund Anders , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Askling Johan , Arkema Elizabeth V 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesPrevious studies showed a strong association between sarcoidosis and heart failure (HF) but did not consider risk stratification or risk factors to identify useful aetiological insights. We estimated overall and stratified HRs and identified risk factors for HF in sarcoidosis.MethodsSarcoidosis cases were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR; ≥2 International Classification of Diseases-coded visits, 2003–2013) and matched to general population comparators. They were followed for HF in the NPR. Treated were cases who were dispensed ≥1 immunosuppressant ±3 months from the first sarcoidosis visit (2006–2013). Using Cox models, we estimated HRs adjusted for demographics and comorbidity and identified independent risk factors of HF together with their attributable fractions (AFs).ResultsDuring follow-up, 204 of 8574 sarcoidosis cases and 721 of 84 192 comparators were diagnosed with HF (rate 2.2 vs 0.7/1000 person-years, respectively). The HR associated with sarcoidosis was 2.43 (95% CI 2.06 to 2.86) and did not vary by age, sex or treatment status. It was higher during the first 2 years after diagnosis (HR 3.7 vs 1.9) and in individuals without a history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD; HR 2.7 vs 1.7). Diabetes, atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias were the strongest independent clinical predictors of HF (HR 2.5 each, 2-year AF 20%, 16% and 12%, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough low, the HF rate was more than twofold increased in sarcoidosis compared with the general population, particularly right after diagnosis. IHD history cannot solely explain these risks, whereas ventricular arrhythmias indicating cardiac sarcoidosis appear to be a strong predictor of HF in sarcoidosis.
Randomized phase II trial of lymphodepletion plus adoptive cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, with or without dendritic cell vaccination, in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Saberian Chantal , Amaria Rodabe N. , Najjar Amer M. , Radvanyi Laszlo G. , Haymaker Cara L. , Forget Marie-Andrée , Bassett Roland L. , Faria Silvana C. , Glitza Isabella C. , Alvarez Enrique , Parshottam Sapna , Prieto Victor , Lizée Gregory , Wong Michael K. , McQuade Jennifer L. , Diab Adi , Yee Cassian , Tawbi Hussein A. , Patel Sapna , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Davies Michael A. , Hwu Patrick , Bernatchez Chantale 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated robust efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Tumor antigen–loaded dendritic cells (DCs) are believed to optimally activate antigen-specific T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that the combined transfer of TIL, containing a melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1) specific population, with MART-1-pulsed DC will result in enhanced proliferation and prolonged survival of transferred MART-1 specific T cells in vivo ultimately leading to improved clinical responses.DesignWe tested the combination of TIL and DC in a phase II clinical trial of patients with advanced stage IV melanoma. HLA-A0201 patients whose early TIL cultures demonstrated reactivity to MART-1 peptide were randomly assigned to receive TIL alone or TIL +DC pulsed with MART-1 peptide. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the persistence of MART-1 TIL in the two arms. Secondary endpoints were to evaluate clinical response and survival.ResultsTen patients were given TIL alone while eight patients received TIL+DC vaccine. Infused MART-1 reactive CD8+ TIL were tracked in the blood over time by flow cytometry and results show good persistence in both arms, with no difference in the persistence of MART-1 between the two arms. The objective response rate was 30% (3/10) in the TIL arm and 50% (4/8) in the TIL+DC arm. All treatments were well tolerated.ConclusionsThe combination of TIL +DC showed no difference in the persistence of MART-1 TIL compared with TIL therapy alone. Although more patients showed a clinical response to TIL+DC therapy, this study was not powered to resolve differences between groups.Trial registration numberNCT00338377.
Measuring tibial hemodynamics and metabolism at rest and after exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Modlesky Christopher M. , McCully Kevin K. 
Published: May 2021

The bone vascular system is important, yet evaluation of bone hemodynamics is difficult and expensive. This study evaluated the utility and reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a portable and relatively inexpensive device, in measuring tibial hemodynamics and metabolic rate. Eleven participants were tested twice using post-occlusive reactive hyperemia technique with the NIRS probes placed on the tibia and the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle. Measurements were made at rest and after 2 levels of plantarflexion exercise. The difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin signal could be reliably measured with small coefficients of variation (CV; range 5.7–9.8%) and high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; range 0.73–0.91). Deoxygenated hemoglobin rate of change, a potential marker for bone metabolism, also showed good reliability (CV range 7.5–9.8%, ICC range 0.90–0.93). The tibia was characterized with a much slower metabolic rate compared with MG (p < 0.001). While exercise significantly increased MG metabolic rate in a dose-dependent manner (all p < 0.05), no changes were observed for the tibia after exercise compared with rest (all p > 0.05). NIRS is a suitable tool for monitoring hemodynamics and metabolism in the tibia. However, the local muscle exercise protocol utilized in the current study did not influence bone hemodynamics or metabolic rate. Novelty: NIRS can be used to monitor tibial hemodynamics and metabolism with good reliability. Short-duration local muscle exercise increased metabolic rate in muscle but not in bone. High level of loading and exercise volume may be needed to elicit measurable metabolic changes in bone.