bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Input-to-state stabilization of coupled parabolic PDEs subject to external disturbances
Authors: Wang Jun-Min , Zhang Han-Wen , Yu Xiu-Fang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with the input-to-state stabilization of coupled parabolic partial differential equations, which is suffering the disturbances in all channels. By using the sliding mode control integrated with the backstepping approach, we design two boundary feedback controllers to reject the matched boundary disturbances, stabilize the whole coupled system in the absence of unmatched disturbances and achieve the input-to-state stability property of the closed-loop system with respect to the unmatched disturbances. We show the existence of the generalized solutions of the closed-loop system in the Hilbert energy space. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
A line search penalty-free SQP method for equality-constrained optimization without Maratos effect
Authors: Chen Zhongwen , Dai Yu-Hong , Zhang Tauyou 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A line search penalty-free sequential quadratic programming method is proposed for nonlinear equality-constrained optimization. Generally, feasible directions are used to minimize the measurement of the constraint violation in order to deal with the inconsistency in the linearized constraints while optimal directions aim to improve the measure of optimality. A basic feature of the proposed method is that a line search direction that is some convex combination of a feasible direction and an optimal direction is utilized at each iteration, making either the value of the Lagrangian function or the measure of constraint violation sufficiently reduced. Global convergence of the method is analyzed without the feasibility restoration phase. Under the usual assumptions the method is shown to be superlinearly convergent locally without the second-order correction and hence the Maratos effect can be avoided. Numerical experiments on several examples illustrate the local behavior of the method.
A case of concurrent occurrence of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation and follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer in the same thyroid
Authors: Kimura Takahito , Enomoto Keisuke , Kono Masamitsu , Hiraoka Masanobu , Takeda Saori , Kumashiro Naoko , Hirayama Shun , Kimura Eri , Tamagawa Shunji , Ohtani Makiko , Murata Shin-Ichi , Hotomi Muneki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCarcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare thyroid cancer. This is the first report of a case of concurrent occurrence of CASTLE with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).A 66-year-old male patient had hoarseness with right vocal cord paralysis. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic nodule in the inferior pole of the right thyroid lobe. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology suggested differentiated thyroid cancer. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with neck dissection. Pathological examination revealed two different thyroid cancers: a CASTLE and a follicular variant of PTC. Postoperative radiation therapy was performed. The patient was still alive after 5 year following the initial treatment without evidence of recurrence. The oncological management of patients with concurrent occurrence of different thyroid cancers should consider the biological behavior of both tumors.
A new model for including galactic winds in simulations of galaxy formation II: Implementation of PhEW in cosmological simulations
Authors: Huang Shuiyao , Katz Neal , Cottle J’Neil , Scannapieco Evan , Davé Romeel , Weinberg David H 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Although galactic winds play a critical role in regulating galaxy formation, hydrodynamic cosmological simulations do not resolve the scales that govern the interaction between winds and the ambient circumgalactic medium (CGM). We implement the Physically Evolved Wind (PhEW) model of Huang et al. in the gizmo hydrodynamics code and perform test cosmological simulations with different choices of model parameters and numerical resolution. PhEW adopts an explicit subgrid model that treats each wind particle as a collection of clouds that exchange mass and metals with their surroundings and evaporate by conduction and hydrodynamic instabilities as calibrated on much higher resolution cloud scale simulations. In contrast to a conventional wind algorithm, we find that PhEW results are robust to numerical resolution and implementation details because the small scale interactions are defined by the model itself. Compared to our previous wind simulations with the same resolution, our PhEW simulations are in better agreement with low-redshift galactic stellar mass functions at M* &lt; 1011M⊙ because PhEW particles shed mass to the CGM before escaping low mass haloes. PhEW radically alters the CGM metal distribution because PhEW particles disperse metals to the ambient medium as their clouds dissipate, producing a CGM metallicity distribution that is skewed but unimodal and is similar between cold and hot gas. While the temperature distributions and radial profiles of gaseous haloes are similar in simulations with PhEW and conventional winds, these changes in metal distribution will affect their predicted UV/X-ray properties in absorption and emission.
A novel black hole mass scaling relation based on coronal gas, and its dependence with the accretion disc
Authors: Prieto Almudena , Rodríguez-Ardila Alberto , Panda Swayamtrupta , Marinello Murilo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Using bona-fide black hole (BH) mass estimates from reverberation mapping and the line ratio [Si vi] 1.963$\rm{\mu m}$/Brγbroad as tracer of the AGN ionizing continuum, a novel BH-mass scaling relation of the form log(MBH) = (6.40 ± 0.17) − (1.99 ± 0.37) × log ([Si vi]/Brγbroad), dispersion 0.47 dex, over the BH mass interval, 106–108 M⊙ is found. Following on the geometrically thin accretion disc approximation and after surveying a basic parameter space for coronal lines production, we believe one of main drivers of the relation is the effective temperature of the disc, which is effectively sampled by the [Si vi] 1.963$\rm{\mu m}$ coronal line for the range of BH masses considered. By means of cloudy photoionization models, the observed anticorrelation appears to be formally in line with the thin disc prediction Tdisc ∝ MBH−1/4.
The effect of inhomogeneous reionization on the Lyman α forest power spectrum at redshift z &gt; 4: implications for thermal parameter recovery
Authors: Molaro Margherita , Iršič Vid , Bolton James S , Keating Laura C , Puchwein Ewald , Gaikwad Prakash , Haehnelt Martin G , Kulkarni Girish , Viel Matteo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We use the Sherwood–Relics suite of hybrid hydrodynamical and radiative transfer simulations to model the effect of inhomogeneous reionization on the 1D power spectrum of the Lyman α (Lyα) forest transmitted flux at redshifts 4.2 ≤ z ≤ 5. Relative to models that assume a homogeneous ultraviolet background, reionization suppresses the power spectrum at small scales, k ∼ 0.1 km−1 s, by ∼10 per cent because of spatial variations in the thermal broadening kernel and the divergent peculiar velocity field associated with overpressurized intergalactic gas. On larger scales, $k\lt 0.03\rm \, km^{-1}\, s$, the power spectrum is instead enhanced by 10–50 per cent by large-scale spatial variations in the neutral hydrogen fraction. The effect of inhomogeneous reionization must therefore be accounted for in analyses of forthcoming high precision measurements. We provide a correction for the Lyα forest power spectrum at 4.1 ≤ z ≤ 5.4 that can be easily applied within other parameter inference frameworks using similar reionization models. We perform a Bayesian analysis of mock data to assess the extent of systematic biases that may arise in measurements of the intergalactic medium if ignoring this correction. At the scales probed by current high-resolution Lyα forest data at z &gt; 4, $0.006 \le k \le 0.2 \rm \, km^{-1}\, s$, we find inhomogeneous reionization does not introduce any significant bias in thermal parameter recovery for the current measurement uncertainties of ∼10 per cent. However, for 5 per cent uncertainties, ∼1σ shifts between the estimated and true parameters occur.
Phase spirals in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-sized galaxies
Authors: García-Conde B , Roca-Fàbrega S , Antoja T , Ramos P , Valenzuela O 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the vertical perturbations in the galactic disc of the Milky Way-size high-resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation named GARROTXA. We detect phase spirals in the vertical projection Z − VZ of disc’s stellar particles for the first time in this type of simulations. Qualitatively similar structures were detected in the recent Gaia data, and their origin is still under study. In our model, the spiral-like structures in the phase space are present in a wide range of times and locations across the disc. By accounting for an evolving mix of stellar populations, we observe that, as seen in the data, the phase spirals are better observed in the range of younger-intermediate star particles. We measure the intensity of the spiral with a Fourier decomposition and find that these structures appear stronger near satellite pericentres. Current dynamical models of the phase spiral considering a single perturber required a mass at least of the order of 1010 M⊙, but all three of our satellites have masses of the order of ∼108 M⊙. We suggest that there are other mechanisms at play which appear naturally in our model such as the physics of gas, collective effect of multiple perturbers, and a dynamically cold population that is continuously renovated by the star formation. Complementing collisionless isolated N-body models with the use of fully cosmological simulations with enough resolution can provide new insights into the nature/origin of the phase spiral.
A NICER look at thermonuclear X-ray bursts from Aql X-1
Authors: Güver Tolga , Boztepe Tuğba , Ballantyne D R , Bostancı Z Funda , Bult Peter , Jaisawal Gaurava K , Göğüş Ersin , Strohmayer Tod E , Altamirano Diego , Guillot Sebastien , Chakrabarty Deepto 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We present spectral and temporal properties of all the thermonuclear X-ray bursts observed from Aql X-1 by the Neutron Star Interior and Composition Explorer (NICER) between 2017 July and 2021 April. This is the first systematic investigation of a large sample of type I X-ray bursts from Aql X-1 with improved sensitivity at low energies. We detect 22 X-ray bursts including two short recurrence burst events in which the separation was only 451 s and 496 s. We perform time resolved spectroscopy of the bursts using the fixed and scaled background (fa method) approaches. We show that the use of a scaling factor to the pre-burst emission is the statistically preferred model in about 68 per cent of all the spectra compared to the fixed background approach. Typically the fa values are clustered around 1–3, but can reach up to 11 in a burst where photospheric radius expansion is observed. Such fa values indicate a very significant increase in the pre-burst emission especially at around the peak flux moments of the bursts. We show that the use of the fa factor alters the best-fitting spectral parameters of the burst emission. Finally, we employed a reflection model instead of scaling the pre-burst emission. We show that reflection models also do fit the spectra and improve the goodness of the fits. In all cases, we see that the disc is highly ionized by the burst emission and the fraction of the reprocessed emission to the incident burst flux is typically clustered around 20 per cent.
Functional role and ribosomal position of the unique N-terminal region of DHX29, a factor required for initiation on structured mammalian mRNAs
Authors: Sweeney Trevor R , Dhote Vidya , Guca Ewelina , Hellen Christopher U T , Hashem Yaser , Pestova Tatyana V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Translation initiation on structured mammalian mRNAs requires DHX29, a DExH protein that comprises a unique 534-aa-long N-terminal region (NTR) and a common catalytic DExH core. DHX29 binds to 40S subunits and possesses 40S-stimulated NTPase activity essential for its function. In the cryo-EM structure of DHX29-bound 43S preinitiation complexes, the main DHX29 density resides around the tip of helix 16 of 18S rRNA, from which it extends through a linker to the subunit interface forming an intersubunit domain next to the eIF1A binding site. Although a DExH core model can be fitted to the main density, the correlation between the remaining density and the NTR is unknown. Here, we present a model of 40S-bound DHX29, supported by directed hydroxyl radical cleavage data, showing that the intersubunit domain comprises a dsRNA-binding domain (dsRBD, aa 377–448) whereas linker corresponds to the long α-helix (aa 460–512) that follows the dsRBD. We also demonstrate that the N-terminal α-helix and the following UBA-like domain form a four-helix bundle (aa 90–166) that constitutes a previously unassigned section of the main density and resides between DHX29’s C-terminal α-helix and the linker. In vitro reconstitution experiments revealed the critical and specific roles of these NTR elements for DHX29’s function.
Associations Between Nicotine Knowledge and Smoking Cessation Behaviors Among US Adults Who Smoke
Authors: Snell L M , Colby S M , DeAtley T , Cassidy R , Tidey J W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Misperceptions about nicotine’s contribution to smoking-related health harms could complicate efforts to reduce the public health burden of smoking. Study goals were to describe nicotine knowledge among adults who smoke and investigate whether misperceiving nicotine as a source of health harm was associated with beneficial health behaviors, or lower uptake of using less harmful sources of nicotine to support smoking cessation attempts.

Method
This study used longitudinal data from 9140 adults who participated in four waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study and were current smokers during the first wave. Logistic regressions estimated odds ratios for correct responses across six aspects of nicotine knowledge assessed in Wave 4. Longitudinal models estimated associations between misperceptions and cigarette consumption, and odds of making a quit attempt; self-reported cessation; e-cigarette use; and use of NRT or e-cigarettes to support quit attempts.

Results
Participants who were non-White, older, and had lower educational attainment or income tended to be least knowledgeable about nicotine. Misperceiving nicotine as harmful to health was associated with increased odds of quit attempts (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.23), lower odds of cessation success (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.98) and e-cigarette use (AOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.86), and lower odds of using NRT (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.99) or e-cigarettes to support quit attempts (AOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.71).

Conclusion
Harm reduction efforts may be impeded by misperceptions about nicotine. Further work should evaluate the effects of correcting such misperceptions through public education.

Implications
This study provides longitudinal evidence that among adult smokers, misperceiving nicotine as a primary cause of smoking-related diseases may be associated with reduced cessation success and lower likelihood of using less harmful nicotine products. These misperceptions may therefore impede efforts to encourage smokers ready to quit to use evidence-based cessation support such as nicotine replacement during quit attempts and limit the success of policies designed to shift smokers to less harmful sources of nicotine. Further work should evaluate the longitudinal effects of correcting nicotine misperceptions through public education targeted toward adults who smoke.
Forbidden Love in Istanbul: Patterns of Male–Male Sexual Relations in the Early-Modern Mediterranean World
Authors: Malcolm Noel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
West European visitors to the Ottoman Empire in the early-modern period frequently referred to sodomy. They depicted it as a common practice there, associated particularly with ‘renegades’ (converts to Islam). The report of an investigation into a sexual scandal at the Venetian embassy in Istanbul in 1588, discussed here, shows special sensitivity to this issue. Historians generally discount the comments of visitors to Ottoman territory on this topic, either dismissing them as mere prejudice, or arguing that the practices they observed were equally current throughout western Europe. This article contests both of those assumptions. While prejudice was indeed present, the observations were accurate overall –– as Ottoman sources confirm. The practices were not equally prevalent in western Europe; they were specific to a pan-Mediterranean culture of same-sex relations between adult men and adolescents. But although the practices were essentially the same, there were significant differences between the Ottoman/Muslim Mediterranean societies and those of the Christian western Mediterranean. In the latter, religious and legal norms were more severe, affecting the degree to which such sexual behaviour was public and culturally expressed; in the former, a strong cultural tradition of homoeroticism gave some legitimation to these same-sex relations, and made them more avowable.
Evaluation of SIGLEC1 in the diagnosis of suspected systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zorn-Pauly Lydia , von Stuckrad Anne Sae Lim , Klotsche Jens , Rose Thomas , Kallinich Tilmann , Enghard Philipp , Ostendorf Lennard , Burns Marie , Doerner Thomas , Meisel Christian , Schneider Udo , Unterwalder Nadine , Burmester Gerd , Hiepe Falk , Alexander Tobias , Biesen Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of SIGLEC1, a surrogate marker of type I IFN, with established biomarkers in an inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods
SIGLEC1 was analysed by flow cytometry in 232 patients referred to our institution with suspected SLE between October 2015 and September 2020.

Results
SLE was confirmed in 76 of 232 patients (32.8 %) according to the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria and their SIGLEC1 values were significantly higher compared with patients without SLE (P &lt;0.0001). A sensitivity of 98.7 %, a specificity of 82.1 %, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.2 % and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 72.8 % were calculated for SIGLEC1. Adjusted to the highest reported prevalence of SLE, the NPV and PPV were &gt;99.9 % and 0.1 %, respectively. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and DeLong testing, the area under the curve (AUC) for SIGLEC1 (AUC = 0.95) was significantly higher than for ANA (AUC = 0.88, P = 0.031), C3 (AUC = 0.83, P = 0.001) and C4 (AUC = 0.83, P = 0.002) but not for anti-dsDNA antibodies (AUC = 0.90, P = 0.163).

Conclusion
IFN-I pathway activation is detectable in almost all newly diagnosed SLE patients. Thus, a negative test result for SIGLEC1 is powerful to exclude SLE in suspected cases.
Treating overactive bladder with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation
Authors: Shireman Jordan , Gajarawala Shilpa N. , Stanton Amanda , McCrary Melissa 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Overactive bladder can affect patients at any age; however, it is more common in women over age 40 years. Many treatments are available, including behavioral interventions, antimuscarinics, beta-3 agonists, and botulinum toxin injection. This article describes a patient who was successfully treated with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation after traditional treatment failed.
Bempedoic acid
Authors: Whitney Kami R. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) causes atherosclerosis and increases patient risk for cardiovascular mortality. However, patients who cannot tolerate statins present a treatment challenge. Bempedoic acid, an oral once-daily drug that reduces cholesterol synthesis, may help close this treatment gap. A meta-analysis demonstrated that bempedoic acid provides a well-tolerated and effective therapeutic option for lipid lowering in patients with hyperlipidemia, both as monotherapy and in combination with various other lipid-lowering agents. Also, although bempedoic acid acts on the same pathway as statins, it does not cause the muscular adverse reactions associated with statins.
Cost-effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Interventions for Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Chowdhury Anonnya R. , Graham Petra L. , Schofield Deborah , Cunich Michelle , Nicholas Michael 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults is a global health and economic problem. The aim of this paper was to systematically review and determine what proportion of multidisciplinary approaches to managing chronic musculoskeletal pain are cost-effective.

Materials and Methods:
The EconLit, Embase, and PubMed electronic databases were searched for randomized and nonrandomized economic evaluation studies of nonpharmaceutical multidisciplinary chronic pain management interventions published from inception through to August 2019.

Results:
Seven studies comprising 2095 patients were included. All studies involved diverse multidisciplinary teams in one or more of the study arms. All studies involved chronic (both chronic and subacute) low back pain and were economic evaluations from either a societal or health care perspective. Two of the 3 studies that reported on a multidisciplinary pain intervention compared with nonmultidisciplinary intervention concluded favorable cost-effectiveness based on cost per quality adjusted life years gained, 1 study was not found to be cost-effective. Cost-effectiveness of the multidisciplinary intervention of interest was also not established by another 3-arm study. Two studies compared 2 multidisciplinary interventions; neither of these could definitively declare cost-effectiveness. The remaining study indicated the intervention by a multidisciplinary team was more effective but at a higher cost. None of the included studies used decision models to estimate long-term health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary programs.

Discussion:
There are few studies on the cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary chronic pain management interventions. This study encourages additional rigorous economic evaluations of multidisciplinary models for chronic pain management. Economic evaluations that enable extrapolating costs and effects of multidisciplinary programs beyond the time horizon of clinical trials may be more informative for clinicians and health administrators.