bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADHD and Identity Formation: Adolescents’ Experiences From the Healthcare System and Peer Relationships
Authors: Frick Matilda A. , Brandt Anders , Hellund Sandra , Grimell Jan 
Published: February 2025

Objective: ADHD is often a lifelong condition, and has grown increasingly prevalent over the past few decades. Adolescence is a period characterized by the quest to develop a coherent identity, yet relatively little research has examined the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and identity. The purpose of this study was to explore the importance of experiences of the healthcare system and of peer relationships in the identity formation of adolescents with ADHD. Method: This was investigated through semi-structured interviews with 10 adolescents ( n = 8 females and 2 males) aged 15 to 18 years. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted within a narrative framework. Results: The results revealed seven main themes indicating that ADHD played a central role in the adolescents’ self-narratives: (1) limited effect of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) contact on identity formation, (2) the ADHD concept as meaning-making, (3) heterogeneity of the role of medication on identity formation, (4) negotiation of identity in relation to others, (5) varying degrees of acceptance in different relationships, (6) perceiving oneself as a troublemaker, and (7) relationship difficulties. Conclusions: Overall, the diagnosis constituted an important narrative and symptoms of ADHD rather than the label of ADHD tended to be stigmatizing. Furthermore, medication affected identity, and some felt pressured to medicate to adhere to social norms. A common pattern was that adolescents set aside their individual identity in favor of their relational identity.
Self-Reported ADHD Diagnosis Status Among Working-Age Adults in the United States: Evidence From the 2023 National Wellbeing Survey
Authors: London Andrew S. , Monnat Shannon M. , Gutin Iliya 
Published: February 2025

Objective: To estimate the percentage of U.S. working-age (18- to 64-year-old) adults in 2023 who self-reported ever being diagnosed with ADHD by a health care professional. Method: We analyze data from the 2023 National Wellbeing Survey ( N = 7,053) to estimate self-reported lifetime ADHD diagnosis status among working-age adults, overall and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, nativity, education, and rural-urban residence. Results: Among U.S. working-age adults in 2023, we estimate that 13.9% (95% confidence interval [13.0%, 15.0%]) self-reported ever being diagnosed with ADHD by a health care professional. We find statistically significant variation by each of the demographic variables analyzed, with higher rates among working-age adults who are female, younger, non-Hispanic White, U.S.-born, less well-educated, and residing in metro areas with 250,000 to 1 million people (relative to those living in metro areas with 1+ million population). Conclusion: The percentage of U.S. working-age adults who self-report in 2023 that they have ever been diagnosed with ADHD by a health care professional (13.9%) is substantially higher than estimates from 2012 (4.25%) and a 2023 estimate of 7.8% among adults of all ages (18+ years). The increase over time may reflect changes in diagnostic criteria for children and adults, greater acceptance of adult diagnosis, over- and mis-diagnosis, and methodological issues. The difference between the 2023 estimates likely reflects study-specific differences in the constructs measured, the age range of the samples, and methodological differences in the online panels used for sampling, in quality control approaches, and in post-survey weight construction. Additional data collection and empirical research is needed to validate or refine provisional estimates based on samples drawn from online panels, and to determine explanations for the observed increase over time.
Andrographolide Inhibits the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Hu Weiwen , Chen Yilin , Tan Wenhong , Wang Yirong , Huang Die , Yuan Hao 
Published: February 2025

Background High-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a key link between several medical conditions and is becoming a major health concern affecting thousands of people globally. Andrographolide, an active ingredient extracted from Andrographis paniculate, has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects in recent studies. Objective This study aims to explore whether andrographolide can mitigate HFD-induced NAFLD and the underlying mechanism. Methods We treated C57B/6 mice consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) with varying concentrations of andrographolide. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to evaluate liver function indicators in circulating blood. Haematoxylin and Eosin and Oil Red O staining were used to assess inflammation infiltration and lipid deposits in liver tissues. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunoblotting were used to analyze the expression levels of genes and proteins. Results ELISA revealed that andrographolide dose-dependently mitigated the HFD-induced elevations of glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in circulating blood. Histological analysis indicated that andrographolide dose-dependently reduced HFD-induced inflammation infiltration and lipid deposition. RT-qPCR and immunoblotting analyses showed that andrographolide dose-dependently inhibited the HFD-induced overproduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and the up-regulation of p-p65 and NLRP3 proteins. Conclusion Together, these results suggest that andrographolide treatment can dose-dependently mitigate HFD-induced liver function impairments, lipid accumulation, pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction, and inflammatory responses in the liver of mice by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, it is important to note that our results are observational and do not conclusively demonstrate the necessity of the NF-κB signaling pathway's involvement in the NAFLD-alleviating effects of andrographolide. This highlights the need for further validation at both the gene and protein levels through additional in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Ultrasonicated Ginseng Berry Extract mediated protective effect against Mild Bile Duct Ligation induced Hepatic Encephalopathy in rats
Authors: Choi Won Seok , Nam Yoonjin , Lee Ji-Yun , Lee Jong Hyuk , Sohn Uy Dong 
Published: February 2025

Background Panax ginseng Meyer ( P. ginseng) is a well-known herb of traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to revitalize the body and mind. A recent study revealed that P. ginseng exhibits neuroprotective activity against brain damage. P. ginseng also enhances cognitive function. However, the protective effects of P. ginseng berry against hepatic encephalopathy (HE) have not yet been studied. We investigated the protective effect of ultrasonication-processed GBE (UGBE) compared to GBE on mild bile duct ligation (MBDL) to verify the effect of P. ginseng berry on HE. Methods After ultrasonication, the component ratios of ginsenosides Rh1, Rh4, Rg2, Rg3, Rk1, Rk3, and F4 in the extract increased. In this study, the protective effect of the newly developed UGBE against neuronal damage was evaluated in an MBDL model. Silymarin was used as a positive control. UGBE, GBE, and silymarin were orally administered for 6 weeks after MBDL surgery. Results MBDL rats demonstrated delayed pain response and impaired motor coordination, mobility, spatial learning, and related memory errors. However, UGBE administration ameliorated HE symptoms, whereas treatment with GBE or silymarin did not show a recovery effect. The recovery effects of UGBE are due to a reduction in neuronal damage caused by MBDL surgery. Microglial activation and the production of inflammatory cytokines were decreased in the UGBE treatment group. Conclusion UGBE has a protective effect against MBDL-induced HE in rats through the inhibition of microglial activation in the brain.
The Identity Development and Adjustment of Spanish Emerging Adult College Students: A Study Across Two Waves
Authors: Domínguez-Alarcón Paula , Parra Águeda , Schwartz Seth J. , Montero-Zamora Pablo , Sánchez-Queija Inmaculada 
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to explore identity development across two waves, and its relationship with adjustment, among Spanish emerging adults. The sample consisted of 400 emerging adult undergraduates (67% women, 33% men) aged between 18–29 years ( M = 20.31, SD = 2.04 in Wave 1; M = 23.66, SD = 2.08 in Wave 2) from two Spanish universities. Results indicated that identification with commitment decreased, and exploration in depth increased, over time. For men, cross-lagged effects showed that exploration in breadth positively predicted exploration in depth, while ruminative exploration negatively predicted commitment making. In women, identification with commitment positively predicted commitment making, and exploration in depth positively predicted exploration in breadth. Significant associations of wave 1 identity dimensions with adjustment variables at wave 2 were observed. Gender differences emerged both in terms of (a) mean levels of identity processes and (b) associations of identity processes with outcome variables.
Improvement of Cardiac and Pulmonary Function in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Idiopathic Scoliosis After Posterior Corrective surgery—A Single-Center, Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Chunxia , Tan Kunyue , Huang Xiaofeng , Wang Shuzhen , Yu Bin , Xiong Feng 
Published: February 2025

Study Design Prospective single-center cohort study. Objective To evaluate cardiac morphology, cardiac function, and pulmonary hypertension impairment in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and their changes one year after scoliosis surgery. Methods 70 patients with IS with predominantly thoracic curvature Cobb angle >40° were enrolled and categorized into moderate (<70°) and severe (≥70°) groups. Preoperative radiography and transthoracic echocardiography were performed. Postoperatively, 51 patients completed a one-year follow-up and were compared with preoperative data. Results (1) Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), and e were lower and E/e was higher in the moderate vs severe group, and the aortic internal diameter and LVEF were lower in the severe group than in the control group ( P < 0.05); (2) Right ventricular free wall strain (RVFWS), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and TAPSE/systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) were lower, and SPAP was higher in the moderate vs severe group than in the control group ( P < 0.05); (3) The thoracic curve Cobb angle was significantly negatively correlated with LVEDD, SV, LVGLS, RVFWS, TAPSE, TAPSE/SPAP and FVC and FEV1 measured/predicted ( P < 0.05), and positively correlated with SPAP ( P < 0.05); (4) After one-year postoperative follow-up, LVEDD, LVGLS, SV, e, RVFWS, TAPSE and TAPSE/SPAP were higher, and E/e and SPAP were lower ( P < 0.05) compared to pre-operation. Conclusion Cardiac morphology, left and right heart function, and pulmonary function were impaired in patients with IS, and which showed significant improvement after posterior corrective surgery.
Anterior Versus Posterior and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Spondylolisthesis: A Comparison of Radiographic, Clinical, and Patient Reported Outcomes
Authors: Lavu Monish S. , Halkiadakis Penelope N. , Meade Seth M. , Makineni Pratheek S. , Shost Michael D. , Thompson Nicolas R. , White Alexandra J. , Golubovsky Joshua L. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: February 2025

Study Design Retrospective Cohort Study. Objectives Lumbar spinal fusion is an increasingly utilized surgery within the United States attributed to an aging population with an increasing prevalence of degenerative spinal disease. Primary approaches include anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and posterior or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF/TLIF), for which indications are preference driven. This study’s objectives were to compare the clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes of approaches for lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 1156 (267 ALIF; 889 PLIF/TLIF) patients who underwent ALIF or PLIF/TLIF due to spondylolisthesis at the L4-5, L5-S1, or L4-S1 levels at a large tertiary referral center from 2010 through 2018. Univariate and multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to compare outcomes including radiologic fusion, change in lumbar lordosis, postoperative complications, and pre- to postoperative changes in quality-of-life (QoL) variables. Results Between propensity-weighted cohorts, multivariate regression showed markedly increased odds of radiographic fusion for the ALIF cohort (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.50, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.51-4.15). ALIF patients had shorter lengths of stay and less blood loss. However, there was no difference in the odds of reoperation within 1 year or any complications. There was also no significant group difference in change in Cobb angle or in any of the QoL variables. Conclusions These results indicate that ALIF may have greater radiologic success of fusion. However, when controlling for confounders, there is no difference in clinical outcomes between the approaches. Further research should evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of the 2 procedures.
Comparison of outcomes in postinduction strategies for primary central nervous system lymphoma: a Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Hwang Steven R. , Godby Richard C. , Negaard Brianna J. , Mwangi Raphael , Nedved Adrienne N. , Barreto Jason N. , Micallef Ivana N. , Ansell Stephen M. , Porrata Luis , Durani Urshila , Thanarajasingam Gita , Habermann Thomas M. , Maurer Matthew J. , Johnston Patrick B. , Khurana Arushi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, or retina/vitreous without systemic involvement. Induction with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) followed by consolidation with autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT) has become the standard treatment paradigm for most patients. However, limited data are available regarding the efficacy of a maintenance approach with HD-MTX. Herein, we retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of 148 patients diagnosed with PCNSL between October 2010 and June 2022, who underwent HD-MTX–based induction therapy followed by either auto-SCT consolidation (n = 70) or HD-MTX maintenance therapy (n = 37). At a median follow-up time of 4.5 years, the progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.3 years and the overall survival (OS) was not reached. Compared to patients who underwent auto-SCT, patients who received maintenance HD-MTX had a higher median age at diagnosis of 72 vs 62 years and a trend toward higher proportion of patients being Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 2 or higher (41% vs 29%). At 5-years postinduction treatment initiation, the PFS rates in the auto-SCT cohort and HD-MTX maintenance cohort were 74.6% and 72.6%, respectively, and the OS rates were 76.0% and 82.4%, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference in PFS or OS based on postinduction management strategy. Our data suggest that maintenance HD-MTX may be a reasonable, time-limited treatment strategy for patients with PCNSL responding to initial induction therapy.
A Dirichlet-multinomial mixed model for determining differential abundance of mutational signatures
Authors: Morrill Gavarró Lena , Couturier Dominique-Laurent , Markowetz Florian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Mutational processes of diverse origin leave their imprints in the genome during tumour evolution. These imprints are called mutational signatures and they have been characterised for point mutations, structural variants and copy number changes. Each signature has an exposure, or abundance, per sample, which indicates how much a process has contributed to the overall genomic change. Mutational processes are not static, and a better understanding of their dynamics is key to characterise tumour evolution and identify cancer cell vulnerabilities that can be exploited during treatment. However, the structure of the data typically collected in this context makes it difficult to test whether signature exposures differ between conditions or time-points when comparing groups of samples. In general, the data consists of multivariate count mutational data (e.g. signature exposures) with two observations per patient, each reflecting a group.

Results
We propose a mixed-effects Dirichlet-multinomial model: within-patient correlations are taken into account with random effects, possible correlations between signatures by making such random effects multivariate, and a group-specific dispersion parameter can deal with particularities of the groups. Moreover, the model is flexible in its fixed-effects structure, so that the two-group comparison can be generalised to several groups, or to a regression setting. We apply our approach to characterise differences of mutational processes between clonal and subclonal mutations across 23 cancer types of the PCAWG cohort. We find ubiquitous differential abundance of clonal and subclonal signatures across cancer types, and higher dispersion of signatures in the subclonal group, indicating higher variability between patients at subclonal level, possibly due to the presence of different clones with distinct active mutational processes.

Conclusions
Mutational signature analysis is an expanding field and we envision our framework to be used widely to detect global changes in mutational process activity. Our methodology is available in the R package CompSign and offers an ample toolkit for the analysis and visualisation of differential abundance of compositional data such as, but not restricted to, mutational signatures.
Harnessing pre-trained models for accurate prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity
Authors: Li Jiashan , Gong Xinqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background

The binding between proteins and ligands plays a crucial role in the field of drug discovery. However, this area currently faces numerous challenges. On one hand, existing methods are constrained by the limited availability of labeled data, often performing inadequately when addressing complex protein-ligand interactions. On the other hand, many models struggle to effectively capture the flexible variations and relative spatial relationships between proteins and ligands. These issues not only significantly hinder the advancement of protein-ligand binding research but also adversely affect the accuracy and efficiency of drug discovery. Therefore, in response to these challenges, our study aims to enhance predictive capabilities through innovative approaches, providing more reliable support for drug discovery efforts.

Methods

This study leverages a pre-trained model with spatial awareness to enhance the prediction of protein-ligand binding affinity. By perturbing the structures of small molecules in a manner consistent with physical constraints and employing self-supervised tasks, we improve the representation of small molecule structures, allowing for better adaptation to affinity predictions. Meanwhile, our approach enables the identification of potential binding sites on proteins.

Results

Our model demonstrates a significantly higher correlation coefficient in binding affinity predictions. Extensive evaluation on the PDBBind v2019 refined set, CASF, and Merck FEP benchmarks confirms the model’s robustness and strong generalization across diverse datasets. Additionally, the model achieves over 95% in classification ROC for binding site identification, underscoring its high accuracy in pinpointing protein-ligand interaction regions.

Conclusion

This research presents a novel approach that not only enhances the accuracy of binding affinity predictions but also facilitates the identification of binding sites, showcasing the potential of pre-trained models in computational drug design. Data and code are available at https://github.com/MIALAB-RUC/SableBind.
Insights from draft genomes of Heterodera species isolated from field soil samples
Authors: Jain Akshita , Li Tongda , Huston Daniel C. , Kaur Jatinder , Trollip Conrad , Wainer John , Hodda Mike , Linsell Katherine , Riley Ian T. , Toktay Halil , Olowu Eniola Ajibola , Edwards Jacqueline , Rodoni Brendan , Sawbridge Timothy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The nematode phylum includes many species key to soil food webs with trophic behaviours extending from feeding on microbes to macrofauna and plant roots. Among these, the plant parasitic cyst nematodes retain their eggs in protective cysts prolonging their survival under harsh conditions. These nematodes, including those from the genus Heterodera, cause significant economic losses in agricultural systems. Understanding of nematode diversity and ecology has expanded through application of genomic research, however, for Heterodera species there are very few available whole genome sequences. Sequencing and assembling Heterodera genomes is challenging due to various technical limitations imposed by the biology of Heterodera. Overcoming these limitations is essential for comprehensive insights into Heterodera parasitic interactions with plants, population studies, and for Australian biosecurity implications.

Results
We hereby present draft genomes of six species of which Heterodera australis, H. humuli, H. mani and H. trifolii are presently recorded in Australia and two species, H. avenae and H. filipjevi, currently absent from Australia. The draft genomes were sequenced from genomic DNA isolated from 50 cysts each using an Illumina NovaSeq short read sequencing platform. The data revealed disparity in sequencing yield between species. What was previously identified as H. avenae in Australia using morphological traits is now confirmed as H. australis and may have consequences for wheat breeding programs in Australia that are breeding for resistance to H. avenae. A multigene phylogeny placed the sequenced species into taxonomic phylogenetic perspective. Genomic comparisons within the Avenae species group revealed orthologous gene clusters within the species, emphasising the shared and unique features of the group. The data also revealed the presence of a Wolbachia species, a putative bacterial endosymbiont from Heterodera humuli short read sequencing data.

Conclusion
Genomic research holds immense significance for agriculture, for understanding pest species diversity and the development of effective management strategies. This study provides insight into Heterodera, cyst nematode genomics and the associated symbionts and this work will serve as a baseline for further genomic analyses in this economically important nematode group.