bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC EFFICACY OF RED BLOOD CELL INDICES IN DIAGNOSIS OF BETA THALASSEMIA TRAIT TAKING HAEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS AS GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Rabbani Sahar , Farooq Muhammad , Naeem Samina , Uddin Nasir , Naeem Muhammad Abdul , Jabeen Shahneela 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of haematological indices for the diagnosis of beta thalassemia trait taking haemoglobin electrophoresis as a gold standard.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Aug to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Two hundred and six anaemic patients 20-70 years of age of both genders were included in the study. Blood was collected from all the patients and complete blood count were generated through automated haematology analyser Sysmex KX-21. Based on the complete blood count parameters like mean cell volume, red blood cell count, red cell distribution width and mean cell haemoglobinthe haematological indices such as Mentzer, Ricerca, mean density of Hb/litre of blood, mean cell Hb density and red cell distributon width indices were calculated. The haemoglobin A2 band of >3.5% on haemoglobin electrophoresis was taken as cut off for Beta thalassemia trait.
Results: Out of the 206 blood samples analysed, 120 (58%) were labelled as Beta thalassemia trait after Hb electrophoresis and 86 cases had anemia due to other causes. Mentzer index established the highest sensitivity of 92.5% whereas RICERCA index established the highest specificity of 94.1%. Mentzer and red cell distribution width indexhad highest diagnostic efficacy value up to 90.3%.
Conclusion: We conclude that Mentzer and red cell distribution width index showed the highest diagnostic significance. The Mentzer index has the highest sensitivity whereas Ricerca index has the highest specificity. The red blood cell count, haemoglobin and mean cell volume.............
EVALUATION OF GERMICIDAL UV-C LIGHT FOR SURFACE DISINFECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Fahim Qanita , Uddin Nasir , Hassan Najam Ul , Sabir Nargis , Tariq Anum , Bashir Ayesha , Ahmad Sarmad 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To check the efficacy of 36-Watt Ultraviolet-C tube light, in terms of distance and time against medically important microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus species).
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pathology department, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jun to Sep 2020.
Methodology: ATCC control organisms of above mentioned bacteria, yeasts, and fungi were exposed to ultraviolet-C light for different times and distances to ascertain its germicidal effect. Two methods were selected, one in which micro-organisms inoculated plates were exposed to ultraviolet-C light and second in which McFarland suspensions of microorganisms were exposed before inoculation. Both the methods were compared. Observations were noted down after repeated performance of both the procedures.
Results: An exposure time of 15 minutes, mean ± SD (13.8 ± 10.1) at 1-foot distance was proved ideal for all the tested bacteria, but yeasts and fungi required >30 minutes, mean ± SD (17.5 ± 13.5) to be killed. Moreover, distance and time of exposure were found out to be directly proportional irrespective of microbial load. Greater the distance longer the ultraviolet C exposure was required.
Conclusion: Ultrviolet-C light 36-Watt can have efficient inactivation of bacterial, fungal and archaeal species up to 6 feet for >30 minutes exposure time. Ultraviolet-C light disinfection is best for areas like closed rooms, operation theatres, PCR Labs, and bio-safety cabinets keeping bio-safety guidelines in view.
ASSOCIATION OF ABO AND RH BLOOD GROUPS WITH COVID-19 PCR POSITIVE STATUS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Asif Shabana , Ahmed Aashi , Batool Aliya , Anwar Bushra , Gul Ambreen , Kayani Muslim 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine association of ABO and Rh blood groups with COVID-19 RT-PCR positive status.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pathology, Margalla Hospital Taxila, from Apr 2020 to Dec 2020.
Methodology: The sample comprised of 436 cases and 500 controls. Out of 3936 RT-PCR done during the study duration, 436 RT-PCR positives were enrolled in study as cases. 500 age and gender matched controls were selected from same population. Study variables (age, gender, blood groups, RT-PCR result) were obtained from Hospital data (HIMS). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Mean and SD was calculated for age. Frequencies were calculated for categorical variables. p-value calculated applying chi square test. Odds ratios calculated to determine association.
Results: The mean age of cases was 37.3 ± 16.3. Statistically significant association was observed between age, gender and COVID-19 RT-PCR positive status. B+ blood group was most frequent both among cases (35.4%) and controls (36.2%), followed by O+ and A+. However, no significant association was observed between blood groups and COVID-19 RTPCR positivity. Odds ratios calculated for blood group O and non - O (OR=0.95), A antigen (OR=0.97) and Rh factor (OR 0.93) among cases and controls showed week negative association. Whereas a weak positive association of B antigen + and B antigen - with PCR positivity (1.07) was observed between cases and controls.
Conclusion: Susceptibility to acquire COVID-19 infection is not associated with ABO and Rh blood groups according to this study.
POP KONTEMPORER REMAJA SEBAGAI MEDIA BAGI GENERASI MILENIAL
Authors: Nuriyah Nazilah  
Published: July 2021

Komunikasi adalah proses penyampaian suatu informasi,atau pesan kepada seseorang yang akan membekas pada jiwa tiap individunya,tentu komunikasi ini yang menjadi bagian penting dalam media dakwah.Media dakwah adalah alat yang digunakan sebagai perantara dalam mencapai tujuan dakwah.dalam menyampaikan pesan dan terhadap penerima dengan lebih memanfaatkan media untuk mencapai suatu keberhasilan,maka media ini menjadi sangat penting,terlebih pada era zaman sekarang para remaja yang tidak lepas untuk bermain di social media. Fungsi media dakwah adalah sebagai perantara penyampaian pesan dalam kegiatan dakwah.Yang bertujuan untuk mendukung aktivitas dakwah agar lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menyampaikan nilai-nilai islam kepada remaja.Karena itu, tidak mungkin dakwah tersebut sukses tanpa adanya media yang membantu mensukseskan kegiatan dakwah.Makin banyak menguasai media penggunaan media dalam kegiatan dakwah,maka semakin mengantar kepada keberhasilan dan kesuksesan dalam melaksanakan dakwah.Media yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan dakwah yakni media cetak,media elektronik, televisi, radio, majalah, tabloid, internet dan media lainnya. Akan tetapi kini yang lebih popular dan banyak digandrungi oleh remaja adalah media internet.Karena media internet ini yang mengungkap isu-isu kontemporer lalu dijadikannya sebagai materi dakwah agar tetap dalam nilai-nilai yang berada pada islam dan tidak ada kesesatan.Karena kecenderungan hidup manusia pada abad ini memiliki gaya hidup yang lebih mengandalkan pada hiburan,makanan,dn pakaian.jadi lebih mengandalkan hidup pada kenikmatan-kenikmatan yang bersifat praktis dn pragmatis menyenangkan,bisa dirasakan pada saat ini yang lebih positif. Sehingga mengabaikan aspek-aspek yang lebih bersifat substantive dan orientasi pada isi bukan bentuk. Dalam kontemporer ini remaja bisa menggunakan pop kontemporer untuk berdakwah agar para pembaca atau penonton tidak bosan dan tetap menambah ilmu mereka terhadap nilai-nilai islamnnya.
Memanfaatkan Tradisi Malam Satu Suro Untuk Mengomunikasikan Injil
Authors: Triastanti Deni , Objantoro Enggar 
Published: July 2021

Malam Satu Suro is a Javanese tradition has the preserving the cultural heritage of their ancestors. This tradition is carried out by the activity of ngumbah keris, performance of wayang kulit all night long, slametan and grave pilgrimage. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research by exploring the meaning of activities or concepts developed by the Javanese community. After obtaining this meaning, the author describes in accordance with the perspective of Christian values. The results of the discussion of this text are that through the malam satu suro tradition, the Javanese people seek or have the hope of receiving salvation, the tradition is carried out as an effort to unite with God and an effort to abandon worldly characteristics. Thus, the concept built by the Javanese community in this tradition contains Christian values that have been written in the Scriptures. AbstrakMalam satu suro merupakan tradisi masyarakat Jawa yang memiliki sisi melestarikan budaya warisan leluhur nenek moyang. Tradisi ini dilakukan dengan kegiatan ngumbah keris, pergelaran wayang kulit semalam suntuk, slametan dan ziarah kubur. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskripsi dengan menggali makna dari adanya kegiatan atau konsep yang dibangun oleh masyarakat Jawa. Setelah mendapatkan makna tersebut, penulis mendeskripsikan sesuai dengan perspektif nilai-nilai kristiani. Adapun hasil dari pembahasan teks ini yaitu bahwa melalui tradisi malam satu suro, masyarakat Jawa mencari atau memiliki harapan menerima keselamatan, tradisi dilakukan sebagai upaya bersatu dengan Allah serta upaya menanggalkan sifat-sifat keduniawian. Dengan demikian, konsep yang dibangun oleh masyarakat Jawa dalam tradisi tersebut, di dalamnya terkandung nilai-nilai kristiani yang sudah tertulis dalam Kitab Suci.
Writing working class ghosts
Authors: Gandolfo Enza 
Published: July 2021

On 15 October 1970, in one of the worst industrial accidents in Victoria’s history, a span of the West Gate Bridge collapsed during construction. Thirty-five workers were killed. Very little has been written about the West Gate Bridge collapse, the men who died, the men who survived or the families that were left behind. The Bridge has become a road, too often clogged with traffic, a nuisance, an annoyance. It’s a tragic history, one that the city seems to have forgotten, but more than forty years later, it haunts my imagination and demands to be written. This is a self-reflexive article that explores the process of writing the West Gate Bridge collapse into a work of fiction. It focuses on the challenges of capturing the voices of the working class who are often marginalised and occasionally mythologised (as working class heroes) but rarely the central focus of literature, and the ethical risks associated with aestheticizing a traumatic historical event. Like Gerry Turcotte, I believe that engaging with our ghosts is the ‘only remedy for the distressing legacies’ (Turcotte 2007: 115) of our history, and argue here that fiction has a role in giving the ghosts of our past a voice in the present.
Conversations with Althusser, Bakhtin and Genette: The influence of theory on creative practice
Authors: Quilford Rees 
Published: July 2021

This paper offers a personal reflection on how the study of creative writing within an institutional context can influence personal creative practice. It examines how engagement with a range of theoretical approaches can help evolve both writing and thinking. Beginning with an overview of the debate within the creative writing discipline on the benefits that an awareness of critical theory provides to the practitioner, this paper provides a reflection on how exposure to Marxist, semiotic, post-structuralist, and gender theory can stimulate thorough consideration of the separation between ideas and words. Using Louis Althusser’s discussion of class and personal agency in Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses, and Mikhail Bakhtin’s semiotic examination of form and ideology in Discourse in the Novel as examples, this paper speculates on the practitioner’s agency in the creative process. Judith Butler’s work on the performative nature of gender construction, Roland Barthes’ ‘Death of the Author’, and Hélène Cixous’ Three Steps on the Ladder of Writing, are cited in relation to how an engagement with the critical can encourage and influence the writing process. Gérard Genette’s writing on narratology is also considered in order to speculate on the utility that an understanding of narratology provides to the practitioner. This paper concludes with a reflection on the benefits that maintaining a sense of fun provides in the pursuit of a meaningful dialogue between the critical and the poetic. It suggests that an interaction with theory can assist practitioners when reflecting on the intricacies and influences implicit in the creative process. It argues that considered engagement with theory leads to better writing.
Eficiência técnica agropecuária e desmatamento: análise espacial para a Amazônia legal brasileira
Authors: Pellenz Jéssica de Lima da Vida , Almeida Mariza de , Lirio Viviani Silva 
Published: July 2021

A performance do setor agropecuário é essencial para o desempenho econômico brasileiro. O protagonismo do Brasil como exportador de commodities, contudo, exige atenção ao que se refere à contrapartida ambiental provocada, por se sustentar na expansão do uso da terra e não na eficiência produtiva. Percebendo a relevância da agropecuária para a economia brasileira e reconhecendo a importância de sepromover um crescimento sustentável, este trabalho avalia como os níveis de eficiência agropecuária municipal se relacionam com o desmatamento na Amazônia Legal brasileira. Para tanto, foram utilizados métodos de Análise por Envoltória de Dados e de econometria espacial. Os resultados sugerem que os municípios com baixa eficiência contribuem para o aumento do desmatamento, enquanto que os mais eficientes contribuem para a redução nas áreas desmatadas.
Pastors without Borders
Authors: Björnsdóttir Steinunn Arnþrúður 
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes the reception of a reform program, establishing Cooperation Areas in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (ELCI). According to the program, the clergy and other staff were asked to or- ganize cooperation within each area. The main research questions are: What results can be seen in the early attempts and what are the possible explanations of these results? Looking for answers, I focus on the role of pastors and deans in establishing the Cooperation Areas.
This is a qualitative case study based on documents from the ELCI’s General Assembly and other public documents, as well as questionnaires to two selected groups, deans in the ELCI and pastors in one cooperation area. Additional research material came from ten qualitative interviews that had been conducted for a previous research. The documents are analyzed using basic analysis (Sarantokos, 2005) and the ques- tionnaires and interviews using thematic analyses (Braun & Clarke, 2006). The findings indicate that partic- ipation in the cooperation project was limited. Possible explanations are: first, the very structure of the co- operation project, which relied on voluntary participation without clear instructions on who should be in charge of completing it; second, cooperation, which was made difficult by the fact that the clergy are hired by the central church and receives salaries from a special church fund, whereas other staff is hired by the parish, often in part-time roles; third, the church structure, where each parish is independent financially and administratively and the pastor has a lot of independence in the office regarding the organization of his/her work. However, in an area where the Cooperation Area project was active to some extent, it had a positive effect on the working environment of the pastors.
The cooperation attempt can be seen in context of reform projects in Nordic churches. It is the first study on this project and adds to the limited amount of studies on the ELCI’s structure and reform projects. This study focuses on the role of the clergy. For further studies the involvement of parish councils in reform processes instigated by the Central Church Authorities needs to be explored.
The limitation of this research lies in the qualitative methodology and size of the study, analyzing the answers of a sample of clergy. The conclusions drawn from interviews and questionnaires are to be read in that light.
Fri og villig
Authors: Økland Marius , Ruge Christian Otto 
Published: July 2021

Free and Willing: Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Nonprofit Organization Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) refers to individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate, promotes the effi- cient and effective functioning of the organization. It can be further broken down to seven dimensions: Helping behavior, Sportsmanship, Organizational Loyalty, Organizational Compliance, Individual Initiative, Civic Virtue and Self Development. In this paper, the authors examine whether Transforma- tional Leadership, Vertical Job Enrichment and Cognitive Evaluation can be associated with OCB and give plausible explanations for such behavior in a Christian nonprofit organization. The empirical data investigated here is a quantitative survey of work environment among employees in Normisjon in 2013. Normisjon is a large Norwegian organization for Christian mission, organized through 13 na- tional regions and a central office, with both national and international involvement. The survey has a response-number (N) of 235, which is a response-rate of 79%. The study is a reanalysis of existing data, gathered for a slightly different purpose. This fact has demanded a serious work on operationali- zation, and also revealed some blind, and unavailable, spots of knowledge due to the hypotheses. Out of the seven dimensions valid measures for Helping Behavior and Organizational Loyalty were found. Subsequent to operationalization of questions in relation to theories and hypotheses, data was pro- cessed in search of univariate descriptive information and bivariate correlations. Despite the men- tioned challenges, progress was made and knowledge acquired with convincing certainty. Some of the hypotheses were approved, especially the ones related to Organizational Loyalty.
Leadership and church identity
Authors: Jenssen Jan Inge 
Published: July 2021

This article discusses how the theological-spiritual dimension, which has to do with the specific identity of the church, has implications for and partly determines the application of leadership theories and tools in the local church. The article also examines how leadership research can provide the means to realize a church’s theological or spiritual identity or its true nature. This implies a two-directional relationship between theology and leadership. On the one hand, theology should influence how churches are led, and on the other hand, leadership may facilitate the realization of the theological-spiritual dimension.
There are a number of important articles on the theology of leadership. Scripture provides ideas and values relevant to leadership. However, these articles run the risk of pressing the biblical texts in order to provide advice on leadership in all areas in the church, and they risk ignoring leadership theories that can improve church leadership. A second approach is to base the leadership of churches only on leadership theory. Here, the risk is to treat churches as businesses and not as theological-spiritual entities. A third approach is to make a sharp distinction between the contribution of the leadership profession and theology.
In this article, I argue for a fourth approach. I try to let the theological-spiritual dimension of churches communicate with leadership theories. This dimension should influence leadership and, on the other hand, leadership should facilitate the development of the theological-spiritual dimension. According to this fourth approach, theology and leadership theories should influence each other. For instance, leadership theories can help the church apply leadership styles and structures that may facilitate the development of the theological-spiritual dimension. Thus, there is an area where theology and leadership overlap and cooperate. To advance this area of research, this article presents a series of themes and topics that future researchers may focus on, both through the literature and in empirical studies.
Antonimitas dalam al-Qur'an
Authors: Lestari Fuji 
Published: July 2021

Ayat-ayat al-Qur’an merupakan petunjuk bagi manusia di bumi. Oleh karena itu al-Qur’an menggunakan bahasa manusia dimana mereka hidup. Nabi Muhammad terpilih sebagai utusan untuk mensyiarkan agama Islam dengan pilar al-Qur’an sesuai lughah yang dipakai. Memahami al-Qur’an tidak cukup dengan membacanya saja, walaupun setiap bacaannya ada ganjarannya. Lebih daripada itu pemahaman pada bahasa yang disampaikan al-Qur’an patut dijadikan perhatian lebih guna mendapatkan pemahaman secara komprehensif dalam segala aspek petunjuk yang diperuntukan seluruh alam ini. Pemahaman secara linguistik seperti antonim dalam al-Qur’an atau dila>lah dalam Q.S al-Hasyr ini akan dibahas dalam artikel ini guna mencari antonim dalam surah tersebut berdasarkan kisaran makna dan jenis dari antonim perspektif semantik AL-Khulli. Adapun metode dalam tulisan ini dengan menggunakan semantik al-Khulli dengan berpacu pada teorinya tentang sembilan jenis antonim dalam bahasa Arab. Akan tetapi, dalam Q.S Hasyr. Dari kesimpulan nya terdapat lima jenis antonim yaitu: Binary/ ???? ???, Bagian/ ???? ????, Affinity/ ???? ???????, Graded/ ???? ????, Conversense / ???? ???.
Kebenaran dan Peranan Al-Qur’an dalam Kesempurnaan Sistem Imun Tubuh Manusia
Authors: Robi'aqalbi Rosydina 
Published: July 2021

Al-Qur’an merupakan kitab yang tidak terbantahkan kebenarannya. Berbagai ilmuwan di seluruh belahan dunia tertarik untuk mengkaji secara ilmiah tentang bukti kebenaran firman Allah dalam kitab suci Al-Qur’an. Salah satu bukti kebenaran Al-Qur’an adalah kebenarannya ketika berbicara tentang kesempurnaan penciptaan manusia. Salah satu kesempurnaan ciptaan manusia yang begitu mengagumkan terdapat pada sistem imun tubuh manusia. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji melalui literature review bagaimana sempurnanya cara kerja sistem imun yang dimiliki oleh manusia dibandingkan dengan makhluk lainnya. Juga akan dibahas tentang peranan Al-Qur’an dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh manusia.
Pendekatan Fikih dan Pengaruh Madzhab dalam Kajian Tafsir Al-Qur’an
Authors: Anam Masrul 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini memaparkan tentang satu pendekatan dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur’an, seorang mufasir akan memiliki pendekatan yang berbeda karena dipengaruhi oleh dasar keilmuan, kebudayaan, dan madzhab. Pendekatan fikih dalam kajian tafsir merupakan salah satu usaha untuk menafsirkan ayat-ayat hukum yang dipengaruhi oleh mufasir yang latar belakang keilmuannya dibidang fikih. Dan untuk ayat-ayat lain yang tidak mengandung hukum-hukum fikih maka tidak dijadikan sebagai target dalam penafsirannya bahkan cenderung tidak dimuat sama sekali. Pendekatan ini sudah ada sejak masa zaman Rasulullah SAW, sebab ketika para sahabat kesulitan dalam memahami hukum yang terkandung dalam Al-Qur’an tersebut, maka sahabat langsung menanyakan hal itu kepada Nabi dan beliau pun langsung menjawab. Akan tetapi ketika Nabi telah wafat maka mereka dalam memahami Al-Qur’an salah satu caranya adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan fikih dari berbagai madzhab.