bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable spin-valley coupling in layered polar Dirac metals
Authors: Kondo Masaki , Ochi Masayuki , Kojima Tatsuhiro , Kurihara Ryosuke , Sekine Daiki , Matsubara Masakazu , Miyake Atsushi , Tokunaga Masashi , Kuroki Kazuhiko , Murakawa Hiroshi , Hanasaki Noriaki , Sakai Hideaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn non-centrosymmetric metals, spin-orbit coupling induces momentum-dependent spin polarization at the Fermi surfaces. This is exemplified by the valley-contrasting spin polarization in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with in-plane inversion asymmetry. However, the valley configuration of massive Dirac fermions in transition metal dichalcogenides is fixed by the graphene-like structure, which limits the variety of spin-valley coupling. Here, we show that the layered polar metal BaMnX2 (X = Bi, Sb) hosts tunable spin-valley-coupled Dirac fermions, which originate from the distorted X square net with in-plane lattice polarization. We found that BaMnBi2 has approximately one-tenth the lattice distortion of BaMnSb2, from which a different configuration of spin-polarized Dirac valleys is theoretically predicted. This was experimentally observed as a clear difference in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation at high fields between the two materials. The chemically tunable spin-valley coupling in BaMnX2 makes it a promising material for various spin-valleytronic devices.
Solar noble gases in an iron meteorite indicate terrestrial mantle signatures derive from Earth’s core
Authors: Vogt Manfred , Trieloff Mario , Ott Ulrich , Hopp Jens , Schwarz Winfried H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNoble gases are important tracers of planetary accretion and acquisition of volatiles to planetary atmospheres and interiors. Earth’s mantle hosts solar-type helium and neon for which20Ne/22Ne ratios advocate either incorporation of solar wind irradiated solids or solar nebula gas dissolution into an early magma ocean. However, the exact source location of primordial signatures remains unclear. Here we use high-resolution stepwise heating gas extraction experiments to analyse interior samples of the iron meteorite Washington County and find that they contain striking excesses of solar helium and neon. We infer that the Washington County protolith was irradiated by solar wind and that implanted noble gases were partitioned into segregating metal melts. The corollary that solar signatures are able to enter the cores of differentiated planetesimals and protoplanets validates hypotheses that Earth’s core may have incorporated solar noble gases and may be contributing to the solar signatures observed in Earth’s mantle.
Construction of a prognostic model for non-small-cell lung cancer based on ferroptosis-related genes
Authors: Han Ke , Wang Jukun , Qian Kun , Zhao Teng , Liu Xingsheng , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We wished to construct a prognostic model based on ferroptosis-related genes and to simultaneously evaluate the performance of the prognostic model and analyze differences between high-risk and low-risk groups at all levels. The gene-expression profiles and relevant clinical data of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were downloaded from public databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by analyzing differences between cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues, and common genes between DEGs and ferroptosis-related genes were identified as candidate ferroptosis-related genes. Next, a risk-score model was constructed using univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis. According to the median risk score, samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, and a series of bioinformatics analyses were conducted to verify the predictive ability of the model. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to investigate differences in immune status between high-risk and low-risk groups, and differences in gene mutations between the two groups were investigated. A risk-score model was constructed based on 21 ferroptosis-related genes. A Kaplan–Meier curve and receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the model had good prediction ability. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that ferroptosis-related genes associated with the prognosis may be used as independent prognostic factors for the overall survival time of NSCLC patients. The pathways enriched with DEGs in low-risk and high-risk groups were analyzed, and the enriched pathways were correlated significantly with immunosuppressive status.
The Relation Between a Systematic Analysis of Spelling and Orthographic and Phonological Awareness Skills in First-Grade Children
Authors: Henbest Victoria S. , Apel Kenn 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
As an initial step in determining whether a spelling error analysis might be useful in measuring children's linguistic knowledge, the relation between the frequency of types of scores from a spelling error analysis and children's performance on measures of phonological and orthographic pattern awareness was examined.

Method

The spellings of first-grade children with typical spoken language skills were scored using the
Spelling Sensitivity System
(Masterson & Apel, 2010a); words were parsed into elements based on phonemes and then assigned a score based on the linguistic skills represented in the spelling. The children also completed more traditional measures of phonological and orthographic knowledge: an elision task and an orthographic pattern awareness task.

Results
There was a moderate negative correlation between number of elements omitted in the children's spellings (e.g., the child did not represent a phoneme with a letter[s] and performance on the phonological awareness task). There also was a moderate negative correlation between frequency of orthographically based spelling errors (e.g., spelling an element with a letter[s] that could never represent that sound in English) and performance on the orthographic pattern and phonological awareness measures.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that specific types of scores on the spelling error analysis provided information about the children's phonological awareness and orthographic knowledge. They also support continued investigations on the use of a systematic spelling error analysis for measuring phonological awareness and orthographic knowledge and highlight the potential utility of the analysis procedure in the educational setting.
An improved multiple manoeuver management protocol for platoon mobility in vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Fida Nigar Anjum , Ahmad Naveed , Cao Yue , Jan Mian Ahmad , Ali Gauhar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTechniques in vehicular ad‐hoc networks have been utilised to reduce challenging issues such as pollution, accidents and traffic jams. The platoon management system (PMS) has shown promising results to solve the aforementioned problems. In PMS, vehicles in a platoon‐based driving network execute several manoeuvers, e.g. platoon formation, joining, leaving and disruption of platoons. However, existing solutions could not well perform in real time scenario, e.g. handling multiple manoeuvers simultaneously, and fail to provide accurate observation to handle all the possible scenarios of platoon manoeuvers. In this article, an improved multiple manoeuver management protocol (IMMP) is proposed for platoon mobility management. IMMP manages multiple joining and leaving manoeuvers simultaneously, via vehicle‐to‐infrastructure and vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications. The performance of IMMP is highlighted by the developed real time simulation tool. Also, the logical flow of IMMP has been presented, by verifying various systems design properties using PROMELA and SPIN validation tool. Simulation results and analysis validate the behaviour of joining and leaving procedures, without infringing the safety of the whole system. This study shows the efficiency of IMMP that works successfully within acceptable manoeuvers duration time.
Star-planet interactions
Authors: Rao Suvrat , Pezzotti Camilla , Meynet Georges , Eggenberger Patrick , Buldgen Gaël , Mordasini Christoph , Bourrier Vincent , Ekström Sylvia , Georgy Cyril 
Published: May 2021

Context. Tidal interactions and planetary evaporation processes impact the evolution of close-in star–planet systems.
Aims. We study the impact of stellar rotation on these processes.
Methods. We compute the time evolution of star–planet systems consisting of a planet with an initial mass between 0.02 and 2.5 MJup (6 and 800 MEarth) in a quasi-circular orbit with an initial orbital distance between 0.01 and 0.10 au, around a solar-type star evolving from the pre-main-sequence (PMS) phase until the end of the main-sequence phase. We account for the evolution of: the stellar structure, the stellar angular momentum due to tides and magnetic braking, the tidal interactions (equilibrium and dynamical tides in stellar convective zones), the mass evaporation of the planet, and the secular evolution of the planetary orbit. We consider that at the beginning of the evolution, the proto-planetary disk has fully dissipated and planet formation is complete.
Results. We find that both a rapid initial stellar rotation and a more efficient angular momentum transport inside the star, in general, contribute to the enlargement of the domain that is devoid of planets after the PMS phase, in the plane of planet mass versus orbital distance. Comparisons with the observed distribution of exoplanets orbiting solar mass stars, in the plane of planet mass versus orbital distance (addressing the “Neptunian desert” feature), show an encouraging agreement with the present simulations, especially since no attempts have been made to fine-tune the initial parameters of the models to fit the observations. We also obtain an upper limit for the orbital period of bare-core planets that agrees with observations of the “radius valley” feature in the plane of planetary radius versus the orbital period.
Conclusions. The two effects, namely, tides and planetary evaporation, should be accounted for simultaneously and in a consistent way, with a detailed model for the evolution of the star.
Herschel observations of extraordinary sources: full Herschel/HIFI molecular line survey of Sagittarius B2(M)
Authors: Möller T. , Schilke P. , Schmiedeke A. , Bergin E. A. , Lis D. C. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Schwörer A. , Comito C. 
Published: May 2021

Context. We present a full analysis of a broadband spectral line survey of Sagittarius B2 (Main), one of the most chemically rich regions in the Galaxy located within the giant molecular cloud complex Sgr B2 in the central molecular zone.
Aims. Our goal is to derive the molecular abundances and temperatures of the high-mass star-forming region Sgr B2(M) and thus its physical and astrochemical conditions.
Methods. Sgr B2(M) was observed using the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) on board the Herschel Space Observatory in a spectral line survey from 480 to 1907 GHz at a spectral resolution of 1.1 MHz, which provides one of the largest spectral coverages ever obtained toward this high-mass star-forming region in the submillimeter with high spectral resolution and includes frequencies >1 THz that are unobservable from the ground. We modeled the molecular emission from the submillimeter to the far-infrared using the XCLASS program, which assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium. For each molecule, a quantitative description was determined taking all emission and absorption features of that species across the entire spectral range into account. Because of the wide frequency coverage, our models are constrained by transitions over an unprecedented range in excitation energy. Additionally, we derived velocity resolved ortho/para ratios for those molecules for which ortho and para resolved molecular parameters are available. Finally, the temperature and velocity distributions are analyzed and the derived abundances are compared with those obtained for Sgr B2(N) from a similar HIFI survey.
Results. A total of 92 isotopologues were identified, arising from 49 different molecules, ranging from free ions to complex organic compounds and originating from a variety of environments from the cold envelope to hot and dense gas within the cores. Sulfur dioxide, methanol, and water are the dominant contributors. Vibrationally excited HCN (v2 = 1) and HNC (v2 = 1) are detected as well. For the ortho/para ratios, we find deviations from the high temperature values between 37 and 180%. In total 14% of all lines remain unidentified.
Conclusions. Compared to Sgr B2(N), we found less complex molecules such as CH3OCH3, CH3NH2, or NH2CHO, but more simple molecules such as CN, CCH, SO, and SO2. However some sulfur bearing molecules such as H2CS, CS, NS, and OCS are more abundant in N than in M. The derived molecular abundances can be used for comparison to other sources and for providing further constraints for astrochemical models.
Cancer-Related Venous Thromboembolism: From Pathogenesis to Risk Assessment
Authors: Costa José , Araújo António 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major health problem, accounting for at least 18% of all cases of VTE. Cancer patients with VTE have worse prognosis than those without VTE. Prophylaxis reduces VTE risk, but it is not feasible for all outpatients with cancer due to an increased bleeding risk. The factors involved in the pathogenesis of cancer-related VTE are direct coagulation activation, platelet activation, induction of inflammatory responses, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Direct coagulation activation can be due to cancer procoagulant (a cysteine protease), microvesicles, or other prothrombotic abnormalities. Risk factors for developing VTE in cancer patients can be divided into four groups: tumor-related risk factors, patient-related risk factors, treatment-related risk factors, and biomarkers. Cancers of the pancreas, kidney, ovary, lung, and stomach have the highest rates of VTE. Patient-related risk factors such as age, obesity, or the presence of medical comorbidities can contribute to VTE. Platinum-based chemotherapies and antiangiogenesis treatments have also been associated with VTE. Biomarkers identified as risk factors include high platelet count, high leukocyte count, P-selectin, prothrombin fragments, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein. Based on the known risk factors, risk assessment models were developed to stratify patients who would benefit from thromboprophylaxis. The Khorana model was the first and is still the most widely used model. Because of its low sensitivity for certain tumor types, four new models have been developed in recent years. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the pathogenesis and risk factors for cancer-related VTE, hoping to contribute to further research on the still many obscure aspects of this topic.
Magnetic Resonance Neurography for Evaluation of Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Ku Vanessa , Cox Cameron , Mikeska Andrew , MacKay Brendan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) continue to present both diagnostic and treatment challenges. While nerve transections are typically a straightforward diagnosis, other types of PNIs, such as chronic or traumatic nerve compression, may be more difficult to evaluate due to their varied presentation and limitations of current diagnostic tools. As a result, diagnosis may be delayed, and these patients may go on to develop progressive symptoms, impeding normal activity. In the past, PNIs were diagnosed by history and clinical examination alone or techniques that raised concerns regarding accuracy, invasiveness, or operator dependency. Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) has been increasingly utilized in clinical settings due to its ability to visualize complex nerve structures along their entire pathway and distinguish nerves from surrounding vasculature and tissue in a noninvasive manner. In this review, we discuss the clinical applications of MRN in the diagnosis, as well as pre- and postsurgical assessments of patients with peripheral neuropathies.
Toxicities and Recurrences after Co-60 High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer in a Tertiary Government Hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Cereno Reno Eufemon , Yap Bernadette , Chavez Lorelei , Germar Maria Julieta , Eala Michelle Ann B. , Fragante Edilberto Joaquin 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Despite the rising popularity of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy and use of Co-60 in the country, local data on brachytherapy outcomes are lacking. The study reviewed the incidence of toxicities and recurrences in patients with cervical cancer treated with Co-60 intracavitary HDR brachytherapy in a tertiary government hospital in the Philippines.
Methods Records of patients with cervical cancer who completed external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy from 2016 to 2018 were reviewed. Patient-related (age, smoking history, body mass index, histology, stage, mass size) and treatment-related (overall treatment time [OTT], EBRT machine used, brachytherapy fractionation, dose prior to midline shielding/central tumor dose [CTD]) parameters were analyzed for possible associations with the incidence of toxicities and recurrences.
Results One hundred and sixty-three patients were identified and reviewed for baseline characteristics. Patients who had inadequate follow-up (<90 days) were excluded in the analysis of outcomes. Among the remaining 132 patients, median follow-up duration was 389 days. Gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities were present in 19.7% (n = 26) and 1.5% (n = 2), respectively. Recurrence was noted in 31.8% (n = 42). The most commonly involved sites of locoregional and distant recurrence was the uterocervix (n = 16, 59.3%) and para-aortics (n = 42, 31.8%), respectively. CTD was significantly associated with toxicities (p = 0.03), while OTT was borderline significantly associated with recurrence (p = 0.06).
Conclusion We present outcomes of GI and GU toxicities, and locoregional and distant recurrences after chemoradiation and Co-60 HDR brachytherapy in a tertiary government hospital in the Philippines. Our study suggests that CTD was significantly associated with incidence of toxicities, while OTT was weakly associated with recurrence. Interventions should be made to control these factors, especially in high-volume, low-resource cancer centers.
Shelf Osteotomy for Madelung’s Deformity in Adults: A Novel Technique
Authors: de Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf , Brunelli João P. F. , Aita Márcio , Delgado Pedro J. , Soldado Francisco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Madelung's deformity (MD) comprises increased volar and ulnar tilt of the distal radius joint facet, secondary to an idiopathic physeal dysplasia. Such change causes radial shortening and a consequent distal ulnar prominence, along with wrist pain and loss of motion. Classic surgical techniques are problematic for adults, as they are specific for children and adolescents whose distal radial physis is still open.
Description of Technique It is suggested a new treatment method for MD in skeletally mature patients: a distal radius osteotomy and joint realignment are performed through a volar approach to increase the support area of the lunate bone. The rotation and lengthening of the distal epiphysis of the radius generate support and cover to the lunate bone, with improvement of both radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints.
Patients and Methods We describe the technique in details and report the treatment of a 25-year-old female patient.
Results Early clinical and radiographic outcomes are encouraging for the treatment of symptomatic patients.
Conclusion There is a plethora on the literature about conflicting opinions on the best treatment options and surgical techniques are quite variable, although usually with good results. Besides, the technique here described is indicated during a specific stage of disease presentation, consisting of young adults without any wrist-degenerative changes. Having said that, it is possible to claim that MD treatment with shelf osteotomy is a concept change. Our main goal is to reconstruct the diseased segment and improve wrist stability.
A PtNiGe resistance thermometer for cryogenic applications
Authors: Harris C. Thomas , Lu Tzu-Ming 
Published: May 2021

Resistance thermometry is a widely employed technique for general-purpose temperature measurements, with applications ranging from basic thermal physics experiments to industrial use in the automotive, aerospace, and microelectronics industries. Platinum is one of the most commonly used materials for resistance thermometry in microfabricated devices due to its broad range of temperature coverage, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with numerous microfabrication processes. For cryogenic applications below 10 K, transition metal oxynitrides and negative temperature coefficient alloys are the dominant choice owing to their superior temperature sensitivity in this range compared to pure metallic thin films. However, these materials often require arduous process development to optimize their sensitivity and may be constrained by a diminutive thermal budget. In this paper, we present a PtNiGe thermometer that has both the fabrication simplicity and thermal stability traits of a Pt thin film. We characterize this PtNiGe material system for a series of annealing temperatures and analyze its sensitivity and temperature coefficient of resistance. We find that this thermometer maintains a performance similar to Pt thin films at 40 K with a sensitivity just one order of magnitude below that of a high performance, commercial thermometer at 380 mK. This PtNiGe thermometer represents a middle ground between Pt thin films and commercial devices.
CLIFF: A component-based, machine-learned, intermolecular force field
Authors: Schriber Jeffrey B. , Nascimento Daniel R. , Koutsoukas Alexios , Spronk Steven A. , Cheney Daniel L. , Sherrill C. David 
Published: May 2021

Computation of intermolecular interactions is a challenge in drug discovery because accurate ab initio techniques are too computationally expensive to be routinely applied to drug–protein models. Classical force fields are more computationally feasible, and force fields designed to match symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) interaction energies can remain accurate in this context. Unfortunately, the application of such force fields is complicated by the laborious parameterization required for computations on new molecules. Here, we introduce the component-based machine-learned intermolecular force field (CLIFF), which combines accurate, physics-based equations for intermolecular interaction energies with machine-learning models to enable automatic parameterization. The CLIFF uses functional forms corresponding to electrostatic, exchange-repulsion, induction/polarization, and London dispersion components in SAPT. Molecule-independent parameters are fit with respect to SAPT2+(3)δMP2/aug-cc-pVTZ, and molecule-dependent atomic parameters (atomic widths, atomic multipoles, and Hirshfeld ratios) are obtained from machine learning models developed for C, N, O, H, S, F, Cl, and Br. The CLIFF achieves mean absolute errors (MAEs) no worse than 0.70 kcal mol−1 in both total and component energies across a diverse dimer test set. For the side chain–side chain interaction database derived from protein fragments, the CLIFF produces total interaction energies with an MAE of 0.27 kcal mol−1 with respect to reference data, outperforming similar and even more expensive methods. In applications to a set of model drug–protein interactions, the CLIFF is able to accurately rank-order ligand binding strengths and achieves less than 10% error with respect to SAPT reference values for most complexes.