bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The network interplay of type 1 interferon and toll-like receptor signaling cascades hallmarks the immune response against Candida spp. infections
Authors: Salgado Ranieri , Fonseca Dennyson , Marques Alexandre , Napoleao Sarah , França Tábata , Akashi Karen , Prado Caroline , Baiocchi Gabriela , Plaça Desirée , Filgueiras Igor , de Vito Roberta , Freire Paula , Camara Niels , Calich Vera , Ochs Hans , Schimke Lena , Jurisica Igor , Condino-Neto Antonio , Cabral-Marques Otavio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Here we employed a stepwise, integrative, and systems immunology approach to unravel the human immune responses to C. albicans and C. auris by analyzing publicly available human transcriptome data. Modular gene co-expression analysis revealed an interplay between Toll-like Receptors (TLR) and Interferon (IFN) networks. Enrichment analyses and hierarchical clustering revealed that this relationship is consistently triggered in peripheral white blood cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and dendritic cell transcriptomes, involving IFN-γ, IFN-α/β- (e.g., ISGs, IRFs, SOCS, and GBPs) and TLR-associated molecules (TLR3,4,7/8,9, and TRAF-mediated NF-κB). These TLR- and IFN-associated genes cluster and increase their correlation levels after Candida stimulation, forming a highly interconnected interferome network, which contains an immune overlap with the anti-viral responses. Notably, our analysis shed new lights on the molecular basis of several genes associated with inborn errors of immunity that cause host susceptibility to fungal infections such as Candida spp., which reinforce our transcriptomic findings.
Nature and Significance of Stromal Differentiation, PD-L1, and VISTA in GIST: Shifting Current Paradigms
Authors: Hacking Sean , Wu Dongling , Lee Lili , Vitkovski Taisia , Chavarria Hector , Nasim Mansoor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nature and significance of stromal differentiation (SD), program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and v-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is largely unknown. Looking forward, the assessment of SD and immune check point inhibition will become more ubiquitous in surgical pathology. Immature, myxoid stroma has been found to be a poor prognostic signature in many cancer subtypes (colon, breast, cervix, esophagus, stomach); although little is known regarding its significance in GIST. For immune check-point inhibition, studies have demonstrated high PD-L1 and expression to be associated with patient outcomes in numerous cancer subtypes. The present body of work aims to discover the role of SD, PD-L1 and VISTA: both in terms of its nature, and its significance in a clinical setting. Here we found PD-L1 expression in immune cells (IC) and immature SD to be associated with worse cancer free survival, while positive VISTA expression was found to be associated with improved outcomes. High-grade immature SD had the highest propensity for death/recurrence and was the only variable found to have prognostic significance on multivariate analysis. Our findings support the evaluation of SD, PD-L1 and VISTA in GIST, with clinical practice implications for pathologists. Ultimately, we hope our findings lead to improved prognostication, further optimization of therapeutics, and improved outcomes in a true clinical environment. For GIST, tumoral differentiation (TD) may be performed in isolation by pathologists, but cautiously; PD-L1 and VISTA could be on the cutting edge of an immunotherapeutic revolution, and SD may be the answer to clinical heterogeneity in GIST. We hope that this work can serve as a lexicon and a guide for discovering the essence of stroma in GIST, while also being a catalyst for pathologists to shoulder the adoption of SD in cancer.
The cultural economy of human waste reuse: perspectives from peri-urban Karnataka, India
Authors: Burt Zachary , Sharada Prasad C. S. , Drechsel Pay , Ray Isha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSafely managed waste reuse may be a sustainable way to protect human health and livelihoods in agrarian-based countries without adequate sewerage. The safe recovery and reuse of fecal sludge-derived fertilizer (FSF) has become an important policy discussion in low-income economies as a way to manage urban sanitation to benefit peri-urban agriculture. But what drives the user acceptance of composted fecal sludge? We develop a preference-ranking model to understand the attributes of FSF that contribute to its acceptance in Karnataka, India. We use this traditionally economic modeling method to uncover cultural practices and power disparities underlying the waste economy. We model farmowners and farmworkers separately, as the choice to use FSF as an employer versus as an employee is fundamentally different. We find that farmers who are willing to use FSF prefer to conceal its origins from their workers and from their own caste group. This is particularly the case for caste-adhering, vegetarian farmowners. We find that workers are open to using FSF if its attributes resemble cow manure, which they are comfortable handling. The waste economy in rural India remains shaped by caste hierarchies and practices, but these remain unacknowledged in policies promoting sustainable ‘business’ models for safe reuse. Current efforts under consideration toward formalizing the reuse sector should explicitly acknowledge caste practices in the waste economy, or they may perpetuate the size and scope of the caste-based informal sector.
Removal of antibiotic resistance genes from secondary effluent by processes combining nano-iron, ultrasound-activated persulfate, and ultrafiltration
Authors: Sun Lihua , Tong Hao , Gao Cheng , Liu Yehui , Feng Cuimin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as a new type of environmental pollutant that threaten human health, have been detected in the effluent of sewage treatment systems. In this study, the removal from water of ARGs, 16S rRNA, class 1 integron (intI1), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were investigated using processes combining nano-iron (nFe), ultrasound (US), activated persulfate (PS) and ultrafiltration (UF). The oxidation mechanism was also studied. The results showed that both nFe and US activation could improve the oxidative effect of PS, and the effect of nFe was better than that of US. Compared with PS-UF, nFe/PS-UF and US/PS-UF significantly enhanced the removal of various ARGs and DOC. nFe/PS-UF was the most effective treatment, reducing cell-associated and cell-free ARGs by 1.74–3.14-log and 1.00–2.61-log, respectively, while removing 30% of DOC. Pre-oxidation methods using PS, nFe/PS, and US/PS significantly enhanced the efficacy of UF for removing DOC with molecular weights above 50 kDa and below 10 kDa, but the removal of DOC between 10 and 50 kDa decreased. The free radicals SO4·− and ·OH were shown to participate in the process of ARGs oxidation.
MULTILETRAMENTOS E MULTIMODALIDADE: O DESIGN DE SIGNIFICADOS EM UM LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Boaventura Luis Henrique , Mecca Édina Menegat , Freitas Ernani Cesar de 
Published: March 2021

Esta pesquisa tem com tema os multiletramentos e, como delimitação a construção do sentido em textos de gêneros multimodais por meio de atividades propostas por um material didático de língua portuguesa. O objetivo é analisar as atividades de leitura propostas nos textos multimodais em um livro didático de língua portuguesa a fim de verificar sua contribuição para a promoção dos multiletramentos. Diante disso, são mobilizados como marcos teóricos os estudos de Chartier (1994), Petit (2008) e Kleiman (2004, 2005) no que tange às práticas de leitura; Kress (2000, 2010, 2014) e Kress e van Leeuwen (2006) acerca da multimodalidade; The New London Group (2000) e Rojo (2012) em relação aos multiletramentos. O corpus desta pesquisa é composto por atividades de estudo de um texto do livro didático “Português – Linguagens”, de Cereja e Magalhães (2015), desenvolvido para o sexto ano do ensino fundamental. Observamos que os materiais didáticos analisados promovem os multiletramentos ao considerar o processo de design do significado intrínseco à comunicação multimodal. Verificamos, ainda, que aspectos relevantes dos sentidos produzidos pelos modos de design visual são ignorados nas atividades.
Remote Student Support During COVID-19: Perspectives of Chief Online Officers in Higher Education
Authors: Bouchey Bettyjo , Gratz Erin , Kurland Shelley 
Published: March 2021

In order to understand the nature of online student support services during the COVID-19 pandemic, 31 chief online officers representing a range of colleges and universities were interviewed in late Spring 2020. Findings highlighted issues of access and equity in online student support services, the rapid expansion of student services due to the pandemic, and how strength in online programming enabled a more seamless pivot to emergency remote operations. This study adds texture to the literature on the gaps between support services offered to face-to-face versus online students, and also provides a foundation for important questions regarding the future of online student support after COVID-19. The study also begins a dialog into the long-term ramifications of siloing online organizational units at institutions of higher education.
COVID-19 and Community College Instructional Responses
Authors: Hart Cassandra M.D. , Xu Di , Hill Michael , Alonso Emily 
Published: March 2021

Like all educational institutions, community colleges rapidly shifted to online instruction in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about what factors shaped individual college responses. This survey of distance education leaders (N = 45) in the California community colleges system aimed to: a) characterize pre-COVID distance education resources, emergency responses to the pandemic, and readiness for online instruction in the fall, and b) determine how pre-COVID distance education resources, emergency responses, and fall readiness relate to each other. We find wide variability in pre-COVID distance education resources. These pre-existing resources were related to institutions’ responses: Colleges with fewer pre-COVID resources focused on foundational efforts such as creating online student services, while institutions with greater pre-COVID resources offered somewhat broader responses to training students and faculty in skills to successfully transition online. Finally, although colleges improved their readiness for continued remote instruction in the fall term in terms of training faculty and providing students with technology to access classes, respondents estimated that roughly a third of students would still face barriers accessing remote classes.
Identifying the Students’ Difficulties in Comprehending TOEFL Reading Test
Authors: Dahlan Dahlan 
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to find out the Students’ difficulties in comprehending TOEFL reading Test. The description of the data through the question as explained in the previous section showed that the students have some problems or difficulties in TOEFL. There are five items of the difficulties faced by students of fourth-semester students of IAIN Palopo in the Academic year 2019/2020 about determining the main idea, supporting detail, vocabulary, reference, and inference. Those facts are also backed up by the result of a questionnaire which shows that those items must be considered to be resolved.
Desarrollo curricular y recursos educativos en las bibliotecas escolares
Authors: Santos Díaz Inmaculada 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate the curricular development and educational resources of the school libraries in Málaga. The provincial coordination of the Educational Local Office has carried out- since the academic course 2008/2009- an annual evaluation focused on five dimensions related to the actions of the Provincial Network of School Libraries. This Network is formed by the public schools of Primary and Secondary Education of the province.This article presents the most relevant results of the evaluation questionnaire for the 2014/2015 academic year in which 430 educational centres participated, offering a comparison according to the educational centre (pre-school, primary school or secondary school) and the school year. In general, there is progress in school libraries due to its normative regulation, the involvement of teachers in charge of libraries in collegiate bodies, the use of digital tools and social networks. However, there is a need to expand the opening hours of the library, to reinforce the collaboration of teachers who coordinate educational projects and to improve the sections and links of the web portals of libraries.On the one hand, these conclusions are intended to serve as a self-assessment to help school librarians to reflect and identify their strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, they show the development of the key actions of school libraries, both their progress and their deficiencies, in relation to the standards established at national and international level.
Förskolans undervisning i möte med barns informellt erövrade texterfarenheter
Authors: Forsling Karin Elisabeth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on how children’s informal acquisition of textual knowledge is used, or not used, in formal literacy situations involving digital tools in preschool education. Research questions were related to the interaction between children’s perspective and pedagogues’ understanding of knowledge and teaching. The study draws on didactic design theories focusing on the learning processes embracing children and adults (Selander & Kress, 2010). Central concepts for analysis are agency and flexibility. Firstly, the study examines how the children’s agency manifests in teaching situations. Secondly, it illuminates in what ways the pedagogues’ didactic flexibility becomes visible in the teaching situations. The study adheres to the design-based research paradigm. The pedagogues and the researcher together developed teaching situations involving digital tools. The results revealed the interaction dimension in which children had or assumed agency in dialogue with the pedagogues. This interaction was both context-creating and meaning-creating. However, the analysis also revealed that the children’s cultural backpacks were not used to the extent that could have been achievable in the teaching situations investigated.
Hubungan Dosis Dan Durasi Pemberian Atorvastatin Terhadap Outcome Terapi Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner
Authors: Wirawati Ririn 
Published: March 2021

<p class="abstract">Atorvastatin merupakan obat golongan statin yang lebih efektif menurunkan LDL-C dan resiko penyakit kardiovaskuler. Pemilihan dosis terapi atorvastatin yang tepat dapat menurunkan pasien untuk mencapai target LDL &lt;70 mg/dL sebagai parameter keberhasilan terapi. Penggunaan atorvastatin mempunyai efek maksimum dalam waktu 2 minggu dan mencapai efek stady state dalam waktu 5 hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dosis dan durasi pemberian atorvastatin dapat mencapai outcome tarapi pasien penyakit jantung koroner di Rumah Sakit Panti Waluyo Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan penelusuran terhadap rekam medis pasien secara retrospektif dan dianalisis menggunakan Chi-square. Subyek penelitian ini yaitu pasien jantung koroner yang mendapatkan terapi atorvastatin minimal 1 bulan yang kemudian dilihat kadar LDL &lt;70 mg/dL. Dari total 85 pasien diperoleh hasil analisis hubungan dosis atorvastatin (p=1,000) dan durasi atorvastatin (p=0,519) terhadap tercapainya target LDL &lt;70 mg/dL.</p>
How To Create A Good Test
Authors: Wenno Izaak Hendrik , Tuhurima David , Manoppo Yance 
Published: March 2021

Assessment is a very important part of a learning process. To conduct the assessment, teachers have to design a test. To retrieve a quality of a test, a physics teacher needs to do the items analysis. There are several ways of doing items analysis which including the analysis of difficulty index, discrimination index, and analysis of the validity and reliability. This research is a descriptive study that aims to describe systematically and accurate information on the actual situation in this case about the difficulty index, discrimination index, validity and reliability of the items. The variables analyzed were the quality of teacher-made tests physics. The results of this study indicate that physics teacher-made tests have low validity, reliability moderate or medium, high difficulty index, and poor discrimination index
Anthropocentric Hubris and Ecological Reversal in J.G. Ballard’s The Drought
Authors: Adhikari Rebati 
Published: March 2021

This paper attempts to analyze anthropocentric hubris and ecological reversal in J.G. Ballard’s The Drought by applying ecocritical perspective. In the context of growing environmental concern in literary studies, this paper aims to investigate how the human-nature relationship is presented in J.G. Ballard’s The Drought. The book depicts a hypothetical world turning into a global desert due to human- induced climate change. The industrial waste released into the rivers and seas has interrupted the evaporation cycle. As a consequence, all lives including humans and non-humans are threatened. To analyze this novel, the ecocritical insights developed by Lawrence Buell, Lynn White, Val Plumwood and Vandana Shiva have been used as theoretical parameters. Unquestionably, this novel strives to cultivate environmental consciousness among readers and greater urges to save the planet by projecting the futuristic apocalyptic scenarios and situating all biotic and abiotic components on the verge of extinction. However, this narrative eventually creates a bit of illusion among readers by restoring the hydrological cycle without making characters ecologically aware and morally obliged towards nature. Hence, the researcher believes that until and unless human beings develop ecological self, the avoidance of ecological reversal is unachievable.
Stark-shift-chirped rapid-adiabatic-passage technique in tripod systems
Authors: Shirkhaghah N. , Saadati-Niari M. , Nedaee-Shakarab B. 
Published: March 2021

We show that the technique of Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP), can be implemented in tripod quantum systems. We propose a scheme for coherent superposition among two ground states via Stark-shiftchirped rapid adiabatic passage technique in a tripod system. Tripod-SCRAP uses four laser pulses: an intense far-off-resonance Stark laser pulse modifies the transition frequency between the states by Stark shifting their energies and three nearly resonant pump, Stokes, and control laser pulses that fractionally transfer the population between the ground states via adiabatic passage. In our scheme, the pulse duration of the pump pulse must be larger than the pulse duration of the Stokes and control pulses, although with a smaller amplitude, and the atom encounters with the pump, Stokes, control, and Stark laser pulses with counterintuitive order (Stokes pulse arrives before the rest of the pulses). This technique can be applied to one-photon as well as multiphoton transitions and it is not necessary to vanish the pulses (pump and Stokes) simultaneously and it is a powerful alternative tool for f-STIRAP and tripod-STIRAP techniques at least when inhomogeneous broadenings are included. inhomogeneous broadening. This technique is robust against moderate variations in the intensities of the laser pulses,in detunings, and in delays between the pulses.
Editorial: Atividade Policial Baseada em Evidências
Authors: Sousa Stenio Santos 
Published: March 2021

A polícia frequentemente está associada a questões que envolvem
segurança, violência e criminalidade. Temas como terrorismo,
guerra contra as drogas, cibercriminalidade e corrupção impactam o
cotidiano do cidadão. Daí decorre uma pressão por resultados.

Ao estilhaçar velhas crenças a partir de metodologias que se
propõem ir para além do senso comum, a polícia passa ser capaz de
apresentar soluções para problemas da realidade cotidiana e que não
costumam ser apreciados ou confrontados, mesmo diante do fracasso
de políticas públicas aplicadas.

Testar hipóteses, em confronto direto com a realidade circundante
e em busca de sua alteração, eis a tarefa de uma polícia científica.
Variation in VKORC1 Is Associated with Vascular Dementia
Authors: Mur Jure , McCartney Daniel L. , Chasman Daniel I. , Visscher Peter M. , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Cox Simon R. , Russ Tom C. , Marioni Riccardo E. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The genetic variant rs9923231 ( VKORC1) is associated with differences in the coagulation of blood and consequentially with sensitivity to the drug warfarin. Variation in VKORC1 has been linked in a gene-based test to dementia/Alzheimer’s disease in the parents of participants, with suggestive evidence for an association for rs9923231 ( p = 1.8×10–7), which was included in the genome-wide significant KAT8 locus. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate whether the relationship between rs9923231 and dementia persists only for certain dementia sub-types, and if those taking warfarin are at greater risk. Methods: We used logistic regression and data from 238,195 participants from UK Biobank to examine the relationship between VKORC1, risk of dementia, and the interplay with warfarin use. Results: Parental history of dementia, APOE variant, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia all had strong associations with vascular dementia ( p < 4.6×10–6). The T-allele in rs9923231 was linked to a lower warfarin dose (βperT - allele = –0.29, p < 2×10–16) and risk of vascular dementia (OR = 1.17, p = 0.010), but not other dementia sub-types. However, the risk of vascular dementia was not affected by warfarin use in carriers of the T-allele. Conclusion: Our study reports for the first time an association between rs9923231 and vascular dementia, but further research is warranted to explore potential mechanisms and specify the relationship between rs9923231 and features of vascular dementia.