bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible data hiding based on multi‐predictor and adaptive expansion
Authors: He Wenguang , Xiong Gangqiang , Wang Yaomin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdaptive embedding plays an important role in improving the embedding performance of reversible data hiding and it is usually realized by modifying the prediction‐errors discriminately. By extending the skewed histogram shifting technique which uses a pair of extreme predictions to determine whether the target pixel should be predicted or not, this paper realizes another form of adaptive embedding, that is, adaptive prediction‐error generation. Specifically, it is proposed to adaptively determine the pair of extreme predictions according to image content. Each pair of extreme predictions is first evaluated by the introduced distortion per embedding one bit. Then, an efficient mechanism to determine the best pair of extreme predictions for pixels with a given local complexity is designed. With such a mechanism solving the computational problem, it is also proposed to extend the context to obtain more pairs of extreme predictions such that more precise multi‐predictor can be realized. With obtained errors, the best expansion bins are determined to achieve a more comprehensive self‐adaption. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves better capacity‐distortion performance and outperforms a series of state‐of‐the‐art schemes.
Konservative Rehabilitation nach Fraktur im Bereich der Halswirbelsäule – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Danler Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungNackenschmerz ist einer der häufigsten Gründe, warum Patient(inn)en Physiotherapie in Anspruch nehmen. Liegt eine traumatische Fraktur im Bereich der Halswirbelsäule den Schmerzen zugrunde, kommt es häufig zu einer operativen Versorgung. Dieses Fallbeispiel beschreibt den Rehabilitationsprozess eines jungen Mannes nach einer erlittenen Fraktur im Bereich der Halswirbelsäule, die konservativ versorgt wurde. Im Mittelpunkt der Physiotherapie standen vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen, computergestützte Untersuchungsmethoden der Beweglichkeit, manualtherapeutische Interventionen und eine graduierte Trainingstherapie. Darüber hinaus wurde der Patient in Bezug auf den Rehabilitationsprozess interviewt.
Der Effekt von Action Observation Therapy auf die Extension nach einer vorderen Kreuzbandplastik: eine randomisierte kontrollierte Pilotstudie
Authors: Doutressoulles Benoit , Richter Michael 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungEine bekannte Komplikation nach einer Plastik des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB) ist das Extensionsdefizit (ED). Ziel dieser Studie war, zu erforschen, ob eine zusätzlich zu den klassischen Streckübungen eingesetzte einmalige Anwendung der „Action Observation Therapy“ (AOT) die Extension des Kniegelenks nach einer VKB-Plastik deutlicher verbessert als eine Therapiesitzung ohne AOT.13 Proband(inn)en mit ED nach einer VKB-Plastik wurden in eine AOT-Gruppe (n = 8) und eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 5) randomisiert. Jede Gruppe erhielt eine Therapiesitzung. Die Therapie bestand aus dem Betrachten eines Videos, gefolgt von aktiven Extensionsübungen, wobei das Video der AOT-Gruppe Extensionsübungen und das der Kontrollgruppe Landschaftsaufnahmen zeigte. Primäres Outcome war das Bewegungsausmaß der aktiven Extension, als sekundäre Outcomes wurden das Bewegungsausmaß der passiven Extension und die Heel-Height Difference (HHD) gemessen. Die Messungen erfolgten direkt vor und nach der Behandlung.Die aktive Extension verbesserte sich sowohl in der AOT-Gruppe (von ∅ –2,0° (± 6,3) auf ∅ 0,8° (± 3,9), p = 0,036) als auch in der Kontrollgruppe (von ∅ –8,2° (± 5,5) auf ∅ –5,6° (± 4,7), p = 0,049). Die aktive Extension war in der AOT-Gruppe nach der Intervention signifikant besser als in der Kontrollgruppe (p = 0,023). Für die passive Extension und die HHD gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen.Bei Patient(inn)en nach einer VKB-Plastik zeigte sich in der Gruppe mit AOT eine bessere aktive Knieextension als in der Kontrollgruppe ohne AOT. Weitere Arbeiten mit einer größeren Stichprobe und einer längeren Verlaufskontrolle sind notwendig, um diese Ergebnisse zu bestätigen.
Telemonitoring with Electronic Devices in Patients with a Single Ventricle Anatomy
Authors: Zartner Peter A. , Mini Nathalie , Momcilovic Diana , Schneider Martin B. , Dittrich Sven 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background A growing number of patients with a single ventricle anatomy, who had a Fontan palliation as a child, are now reaching adulthood. Many need an epimyocardial pacemaker system with an optional telemonitoring (TM) unit, which evaluates the collected data and sends it via Internet to the patient's physician. There are no data on the reliability and clinical relevance of these systems in this patient group.
Methods We analyzed data in 48 consecutive patients (mean age 18 years, standard deviation 9 years) with a Fontan or Fontan-like palliation who received a cardiac implantable electronic device with a TM unit from Biotronik (Home Monitoring) or Medtronic (CareLink) between 2005 and 2020 with regard to the reliability and clinical relevance of the downloaded data.
Results The observation period was from 4 months to 14 years (mean 7 years, standard deviation 3.9 years). A total of 2.9 event messages (EMs)/patient/month and 1.3 intracardiac electrogram recordings/patient/month were received. Two patients died during follow-up. The combination of regularly arriving statistical data and 313 clinically relevant EMs led to the modification of antiarrhythmic or diuretic medication, hospitalization with cardioversion or ablation, and cortisone therapy to avoid exit block in 21 (44%) patients.
Conclusion TM is an instrument to receive functional and physiologic parameters of our Fontan patients. It provides the ability to respond early for signs of system failure, or arrhythmia, even if the patient is not experiencing any problems. It is a useful tool to manage this difficult patient population without frequent hospital visits.
Preoperative Classification System Used to Determine Release Performed during Endoscopic Brow Lift
Authors: Freeman M. Sean 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe techniques presented in article will allow the facial plastic specialist to use the anatomy of each individual patient as a guide for the surgical release of the brow performed during endoscopic brow lift. The author presents his 15 years of experience in which he developed this approach. Five different surgical releases of the brow will be demonstrated and discussed in terms of which patients would best benefit from which release. Adopting this approach has made the predictability of the authors brow lift results much better and therefore improved patient satisfaction. This concept has not been described in the literature and the author firmly believes using a preoperative anatomical approach is a better way to approach endoscopic brow lift surgery.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cesarean Morbidity
Authors: Kern-Goldberger Adina R. , Booker Whitney , Friedman Alexander , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia 
Published: December 2021

Objective Maternal race and ethnicity have been identified as significant independent predictors of obstetric morbidity and mortality in the United States. An appreciation of the clinical contexts in which maternal racial and ethnic disparities are most pronounced can better target efforts to alleviate these disparities and improve outcomes. It remains unknown whether cesarean delivery precipitates these divergent outcomes. This study assessed the association between maternal race and ethnicity and cesarean complications.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study from a multicenter observational cohort of women undergoing cesarean delivery. Nulliparous women with non-anomalous singleton gestations who underwent primary cesarean section were included. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, or unknown. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal cesarean complications including hysterectomy, uterine atony, blood transfusion, surgical injury, arterial ligation, infection, wound complication, and ileus. A composite of neonatal morbidity was evaluated as a secondary outcome. We created a multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for selected demographic and obstetric variables that may influence the likelihood of the primary outcome.
Results A total of 14,570 women in the parent trial met inclusion criteria with an 18.8% incidence of the primary outcome (2,742 women). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, maternal surgical morbidity was found to be significantly higher for non-Hispanic Black (adjusted odds ratios [aORs] 1.96, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 1.63–2.35) and Hispanic (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.37–2.01) women as compared with non-Hispanic white women. Neonatal morbidity was similarly found to be significantly associated with the Black race and Hispanic ethnicity.
Conclusion In this cohort, the odds of cesarean-related maternal and neonatal morbidity were significantly higher for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women. These findings suggest race as a distinct risk factor for cesarean complications, and efforts to alleviate disparities should highlight cesarean section as an opportunity for improvement in outcomes.
Key Points
Esophageal Interventions in Infants Born with Esophageal Atresia: A Comprehensive Analysis of a National Database
Authors: König Tatjana T. , Gianicolo Emilio , Frankenbach Luisa , Wittenmeier Eva , Muensterer Oliver J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare malformation that often requires a series of procedures, including surgical primary anastomosis, staged repair, and endoscopic procedures. Actual numbers and trends in interventions and variety in treatment strategies remain unclear.
Materials and Methods Data from the German federal bureau of statistics containing all EA-related inpatient procedures encoded from 2005 until 2018 were analyzed for children during the first year of life. The sum of esophageal anastomoses and replacements was used to calculate an estimate of incidence of EA.
Results Over 14 years, 12,627,888 inpatient cases were recorded in infants in Germany. The mean incidence of EA was 1 per 4,217 live births. On average, 163.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 150.8–176.1) esophageal anastomoses, 11.2 (95% CI: 8.7–13.7) esophageal lengthening procedures, and 6.7 (95% CI: 5.42–8.00) esophageal replacements were recorded annually. Overall, 187.8 (95% CI: 147.1–200.4) endoluminal treatments (ballon dilatation, bougienage, stent placement, or injection) were performed per 100 anastomoses. Over the years, bougienage was increasingly replaced by ballon dilatation as primary treatment. Boys had a significantly higher number of esophageal procedures than girls, but the incidence of endoscopic treatments in relation to anastomoses was the same for both genders.
Conclusion The low incidence of EA in relation to a relatively large number of units treating those patients in Germany may pose challenges for maintaining competency and training of all specialists involved. The number of esophagoscopic treatments for esophageal stricture per anastomosis is lower than previously estimated.
Patients Report Infrequent Counseling by Physicians and Inadequate Knowledge about Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Reproductive Health Issues
Authors: Rao Aarti K. , Zikos Thomas A. , Garay Gotzone , Lee Ko-Eun , Streett Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reproductive health counseling is associated with higher knowledge, lower voluntary childlessness, greater medication adherence during pregnancy, and improved outcomes of pregnancy. Our aims were to assess counseling and knowledge about IBD and reproductive health in a tertiary care IBD patient population.
Study Design We anonymously surveyed women and men ages 18 to 45 cared for at the Stanford IBD clinic about reproductive health and administered the CCPKnow questionnaire. STATA was used to summarize descriptive statistics and compare categorical variables using Fisher's exact test.
Results Of the 100 patients (54% women) who completed the survey, only 33% reported prior reproductive health counseling. Both men and women considered not having a child due to IBD (31% women, 15% men) and most (83%) had no prior counseling. A minority of patients had an adequate (≥8/17) CCPKnow score (45% women, 17% men). The majority of women with prior pregnancy had pre-existing IBD (67%), yet many did not seek gastrointestinal (GI) care (38% preconception, 25% during pregnancy) and 33% stopped/changed medications, with 40% not discussing this with a physician. Prior counseling was significantly associated with education level (p = 0.013), biologic use (p = 0.003), and an adequate CCPKnow score (p = 0.01). Overall, 67% of people wanted more information on IBD and reproductive health.
Conclusion In an educated tertiary care cohort, the majority of patients had low CCPKnow scores and rates of IBD reproductive health counseling. Many patients with IBD prior to pregnancy reported no GI care preconception or during pregnancy and stopped/changed medications without consulting a physician. There is an urgent need for proactive counseling by gastroenterologists and obstetricians on IBD and reproductive health.
Key Points
Vena Cava Thrombosis after Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair: Multivariate Analysis of Potential Risk Factors
Authors: Kiblawi Rim , Zoeller Christoph , Pirr Sabine , Hofmann Alejandro D. , Ure Benno , Dingemann Jens 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction The treatment of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with a significant complication rate. Information on major thrombotic complications and their incidence in newborns with CDH is lacking. The aims of our analysis were to evaluate the frequency of vena cava thrombosis and to determine its predictors within a consecutive series of patients with CDH.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed charts of all neonates of our department that underwent CDH repair from 2007 to 2021, focusing on vena cava thrombosis. Vena cava thrombosis was diagnosed sonographically and classified as complete or partial venous occlusion. Complete occlusion was confirmed by cavography. Variables evaluated were CDH side, liver position, central vein line, surgical approach, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Univariate and multivariate tests were utilized.
Results Among 57 neonates who underwent CDH repair, vena cava thrombosis was diagnosed in 14 (24.6%), seven of whom had complete occlusion of the vena cava. Factors associated with vena cava thrombosis were femoral or saphenous venous catheter (p = 0.044), right sided CDH (p = 0.027) and chylothorax (p < 0.0001). ECMO was not associated with vena cava thrombosis. Seven patients (50%) with vena cava thrombosis were treated interventionally with angioplasty and seven (50%) conservatively with anticoagulation only. Mortality was not higher in patients with compared with patients without vena cava thrombosis.
Conclusion The incidence of vena cava thrombosis in newborns with CDH in our series is high. Routine postoperative abdominal sonography focusing on vena cava thrombosis is mandatory in all patients with CDH. Patients who developed vena cava thrombosis were more likely to develop chylothorax after CDH repair. Considering the good outcome of medical therapy of partial vena cava thrombosis, it may be discussed whether low dose anticoagulation may be provided to all newborns with CDH.
Pilot project purgatory? Assessing automated vehicle pilot projects in U.S. cities
Authors: McAslan Devon , Najar Arevalo Farah , King David A. , Miller Thaddeus R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPilot projects have emerged in cities globally as a way to experiment with the utilization of a suite of smart mobility and emerging transportation technologies. Automated vehicles (AVs) have become central tools for such projects as city governments and industry explore the use and impact of this emerging technology. This paper presents a large-scale assessment of AV pilot projects in U.S. cities to understand how pilot projects are being used to examine the risks and benefits of AVs, how cities integrate these potentially transformative technologies into conventional policy and planning, and how and what they are learning about this technology and its future opportunities and risks. Through interviews with planning practitioners and document analysis, we demonstrate that the approaches cities take for AVs differ significantly, and often lack coherent policy goals. Key findings from this research include: (1) a disconnect between the goals of the pilot projects and a city’s transportation goals; (2) cities generally lack a long-term vision for how AVs fit into future mobility systems and how they might help address transportation goals; (3) an overemphasis of non-transportation benefits of AV pilots projects; (4) AV pilot projects exhibit a lack of policy learning and iteration; and (5) cities are not leveraging pilot projects for public benefits. Overall, urban and transportation planners and decision makers show a clear interest to discover how AVs can be used to address transportation challenges in their communities, but our research shows that while AV pilot projects purport to do this, while having numerous outcomes, they have limited value for informing transportation policy and planning questions around AVs. We also find that AV pilot projects, as presently structured, may constrain planners’ ability to re-think transportation systems within the context of rapid technological change.
Social work practices and enabling the integration of students from war and conflict zones
Authors: Snoubar Yaser 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUntil recently, few studies have examined international students’ social issues and well-being from war and conflict zones. A significant proportion of international students in Turkey have arrived from countries actively engaged in conflict; however, it is unclear how social work procedures have effectively addressed students’ needs and ability to cope after migrating. This quantitative study aimed to identify the challenges and well-being issues of 63 Syrian students who have recently integrated into Turkey. The investigation took place at Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University in Turkey, during the 2017–2018 academic year. The research is based on two measurement scales and a questionnaire. Results were analyzed using independent t-test samples and found that social workers faced challenges in integrating the students. A lack of participation in social activities and cultural challenges are common problems faced by these students. Traditional support methods were effective strategies for overcoming new social environments. The effectiveness of social work intervention is reviewed further.
VIZSLA—Versatile Ice Zigzag Sublimation Setup for Laboratory Astrochemistry
Authors: Bazsó Gábor , Csonka István Pál , Góbi Sándor , Tarczay György 
Published: December 2021

In this article, a new multi-functional high-vacuum astrophysical ice setup, VIZSLA (Versatile Ice Zigzag Sublimation Setup for Laboratory Astrochemistry), is introduced. The instrument allows for the investigation of astrophysical processes both in a low-temperature para-H2 matrix and in astrophysical analog ices. In the para-H2 matrix, the reaction of astrochemical molecules with H atoms and H+ ions can be studied effectively. For the investigation of astrophysical analog ices, the setup is equipped with various irradiation and particle sources: an electron gun for modeling cosmic rays, an H atom beam source, a microwave H atom lamp for generating H Lyman-α radiation, and a tunable (213–2800 nm) laser source. For analysis, an FT-IR (and a UV–visible) spectrometer and a quadrupole mass analyzer are available. The setup has two cryostats, offering novel features for analysis. Upon the so-called temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), the molecules, desorbing from the substrate of the first cryogenic head, can be mixed with Ar and can be deposited onto the substrate of the other cryogenic head. The efficiency of the redeposition was measured to be between 8% and 20% depending on the sample and the redeposition conditions. The well-resolved spectrum of the molecules isolated in an Ar matrix serves a unique opportunity to identify the desorbing products of a processed ice. Some examples are provided to show how the para-H2 matrix experiments and the TPD–matrix-isolation recondensation experiments can help understand astrophysically important chemical processes at low temperatures. It is also discussed how these experiments can complement the studies carried out by using similar astrophysical ice setups.
Step consistency active control method for inertial piezoelectric actuator using embedded strain gauges
Authors: Cheng Jianfei , Deng Jie , Liu Yingxiang , Zhang Shijing , Lu Fei , Tian Xinqi , Chen Weishan 
Published: December 2021

Inertial piezoelectric actuators (IPAs) are widely used in micro–nano manipulation, biomedicine, and other fields as the simple structure and excitation signal. However, the step consistency is difficult to guarantee in a large stroke range due to the limited machining accuracy of the mover and inherent roll back, which limits the practical application in these precision fields. Therefore, a step consistency active control method for IPAs is proposed based on bending hybrid motions, which uses embedded strain gauges as the force sensors to acquire the pressure between the mover and the actuator. The IPA is driven by horizontal bending motion, and the pressure can be dynamically adjusted by vertical bending motion to ensure the constant pressure and achieve a constant step. Experiments results show that the maximum standard deviation of the step is 0.41 µm under the active control of 350 Vp–p and 1 Hz driving voltage within 2 mm stroke range in 500 driving cycles, and the maximum standard deviation of the step is 1.14 µm under the non-active control with the same conditions, which show that the proposed method evidently improves the step consistency of IPA in a large stroke range.
Accurate scaling functions of the scaled Schrödinger equation
Authors: Nakatsuji Hiroshi , Nakashima Hiroyuki , Kurokawa Yusaku I. 
Published: December 2021

The scaling function g of the scaled Schrödinger equation (SSE) is generalized to obtain accurate solutions of the Schrödinger equation (SE) with the free complement (FC) theory. The electron–nuclear and electron–electron scaling functions, giA and gij, respectively, are generalized. From the relations between SE and SSE at the inter-particle distances being zero and infinity, the scaling function must satisfy the collisional (or coalescent) condition and the asymptotic condition, respectively. Based on these conditions, general scaling functions are classified into “correct” (satisfying both conditions), “reasonable” (satisfying only collisional condition), and “approximate but still useful” (not satisfying collisional condition) classes. Several analytical scaling functions are listed for each class. Popular functions riA and rij belong to the reasonable class. The qualities of many electron–electron scaling functions are examined variationally for the helium atom using the FC theory. Although the complement functions of FC theory are produced generally from both the potential and kinetic operators in the Hamiltonian, those produced from the kinetic operator were shown to be less important than those produced from the potential operator. Hence, we used only the complement functions produced from the potential operator and showed that the correct-class gij functions gave most accurate results and the reasonable-class functions were less accurate. Among the examined correct and reasonable functions, the conventional function rij was worst in accuracy, although it was still very accurate. Thus, we have many potentially accurate “correct” scaling functions for use in FC theory to solve the SEs of atoms and molecules.