bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 ameliorates acute lung injury in mice
Authors: Gurusamy Malarvizhi , Nasseri Saeed , Rampa Dileep Reddy , Feng Huiying , Lee Dongwon , Pekcec Anton , Doods Henri , Wu Dongmei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
To examine the effects of BI 1029539 (GS-248), a novel selective human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor, in experimental models of acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis in transgenic mice constitutively expressing the mPGES1 (Ptges) humanized allele.

Methods
Series 1: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Mice were randomized to receive vehicle, BI 1029539, or celecoxib. Series 2: Cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. Mice were randomized to receive vehicle or BI 1029539.

Results
Series 1: BI 1029539 or celecoxib reduced LPS-induced lung injury, with reduction in neutrophil influx, protein content, TNF-ɑ, IL-1β and PGE2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), myeloperoxidase activity, expression of mPGES-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and intracellular adhesion molecule in lung tissue compared with vehicle-treated mice. Notably, prostacyclin (PGI2) BAL concentration was only lowered in celecoxib-treated mice. Series 2: BI 1029539 significantly reduced sepsis-induced BAL inflammatory cell recruitment, lung injury score and lung expression of mPGES-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Treatment with BI 1029539 also significantly prolonged survival of mice with severe sepsis. Anti-inflammatory and anti-migratory effect of BI 1029539 was confirmed in peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers.

Conclusions
BI 1029539 ameliorates leukocyte infiltration and lung injury resulting from both endotoxin-induced and sepsis-induced lung injury.
The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare delivery for people who use opioids: a scoping review
Authors: Alexander Karen , Pogorzelska-Maziarz Monika , Gerolamo Angela , Hassen Nadia , Kelly Erin L. , Rising Kristin L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Research objective
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare delivery worldwide with likely negative effects on people who use opioids (PWUO). This scoping review of the original research literature describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare delivery for PWUO and identifies gaps in the literature.

Methods
This scoping review of the original research literature maps the available knowledge regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare delivery for PWUO. We utilized the methodology developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for scoping reviews, and content analyses methodology to characterize the current state of the literature.

Results
Of the 14 included studies, administrative database (n = 11), cross-sectional (n = 1) or qualitative (n = 2) studies demonstrated service gaps (n = 7), patient/provider experiences (n = 3), and patient outcomes for PWUO (n = 4). In March 2020, healthcare utilization dropped quickly, sharply increasing only for reasons of opioid overdose by May 2020. Service gaps existed in accessing treatment for new patients during the pandemic due to capacity and infrastructure limits. Physicians reported difficulty referring patients to begin an outpatient opioid treatment program due to increased restrictions in capacity and infrastructure. Patients also reported uncertainty about accessing outpatient treatment, but that telehealth initiation of buprenorphine increased access to treatment from home. Disproportionate increases in overdose rates among African Americans were reported in two studies, with differences by race and gender not examined in most studies. Fatal overdoses increased 60% in African Americans during the pandemic, while fatal overdoses in Non-Hispanic White individuals decreased.

Conclusions
In summary, this beginning evidence demonstrates that despite early reluctance to use the healthcare system, opioid overdose-related use of healthcare increased throughout the pandemic. Service delivery for medications to treat OUD remained at or above pre-pandemic levels, indicating the ability of telehealth to meet demand. Yet, racial disparities that existed pre-pandemic for PWUO are intensifying, and targeted intervention for high-risk groups is warranted to prevent further mortality. As the pandemic progresses, future research must focus on identifying and supporting subgroups of PWUO who are at heightened risk for experiencing negative outcomes and lack of access to care.
Acute abdomen in the immunocompromised patient: WSES, SIS-E, WSIS, AAST, and GAIS guidelines
Authors: Coccolini Federico , Improta Mario , Sartelli Massimo , Rasa Kemal , Sawyer Robert , Coimbra Raul , Chiarugi Massimo , Litvin Andrey , Hardcastle Timothy , Forfori Francesco , Vincent Jean-Louis , Hecker Andreas , Ten Broek Richard , Bonavina Luigi , Chirica Mircea , Boggi Ugo , Pikoulis Emmanuil , Di Saverio Salomone , Montravers Philippe , Augustin Goran , Tartaglia Dario , Cicuttin Enrico , Cremonini Camilla , Viaggi Bruno , De Simone Belinda , Malbrain Manu , Shelat Vishal G. , Fugazzola Paola , Ansaloni Luca , Isik Arda , Rubio Ines , Kamal Itani , Corradi Francesco , Tarasconi Antonio , Gitto Stefano , Podda Mauro , Pikoulis Anastasia , Leppaniemi Ari , Ceresoli Marco , Romeo Oreste , Moore Ernest E. , Demetrashvili Zaza , Biffl Walter L. , Wani Imitiaz , Tolonen Matti , Duane Therese , Dhingra Sameer , DeAngelis Nicola , Tan Edward , Abu-Zidan Fikri , Ordonez Carlos , Cui Yunfeng , Labricciosa Francesco , Perrone Gennaro , Di Marzo Francesco , Peitzman Andrew , Sakakushev Boris , Sugrue Michael , Boermeester Marja , Nunez Ramiro Manzano , Gomes Carlos Augusto , Bala Miklosh , Kluger Yoram , Catena Fausto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImmunocompromised patients are a heterogeneous and diffuse category frequently presenting to the emergency department with acute surgical diseases. Diagnosis and treatment in immunocompromised patients are often complex and must be multidisciplinary. Misdiagnosis of an acute surgical disease may be followed by increased morbidity and mortality. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of surgical disease occur; these patients may seek medical assistance late because their symptoms are often ambiguous. Also, they develop unique surgical problems that do not affect the general population. Management of this population must be multidisciplinary.This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Surgical Infection Society Europe (SIS-E), World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), and Global Alliance for Infection in Surgery (GAIS) joined guidelines about the management of acute abdomen in immunocompromised patients.
Perioperative outcomes of combined heart surgery and lung tumor resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Shizhao , Jiang Yiyao , Li Xin , Lu Xike , Zhang Xun , Sun Daqiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
The prevalence of patients with concomitant heart and lung lesions requiring surgical intervention is increasing. Simultaneous cardiac surgery and pulmonary resection avoids the need for a second operation. However, there are concerns regarding the potentially increased mortality and complication rates of simultaneous surgery and the adequacy of lung exposure during heart surgery. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the perioperative mortality and complication rates of combined heart surgery and lung tumor resection.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed in July 2020. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies that reported the perioperative outcomes of combined heart surgery and lung tumor resection. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Pooled proportions and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by R version 3.6.1 using the meta package.

Results
A total of 536 patients from 29 studies were included. Overall, the pooled proportion of operative mortality was 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.03) and the pooled proportion of postoperative complications was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.57) for patients who underwent combined cardiothoracic surgery. Subgroup analysis by lung pathology revealed that, for patients with lung cancer, the pooled proportion of anatomical lung resection was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.00) and the pooled proportion of systematic lymph node dissection or sampling was 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.00). Subgroup analysis by heart surgery procedure found that the pooled proportion of postoperative complications of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients using the off-pump method was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.43), while the pooled proportion of complications after CABG using the on-pump method was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.82).

Conclusion
Combined heart surgery and lung tumor resection had a low mortality rate and an acceptable complication rate. Subgroup analyses revealed that most patients with lung cancer underwent uncompromised anatomical resection and mediastinal lymph node sampling or dissection during combined cardiothoracic surgery, and showed off-pump CABG may reduce the complication rate compared with on-pump CABG. Further researches are still needed to verify these findings.
A prospective randomised control trial comparing functional with mechanical axis alignment in total knee arthroplasty: study protocol for an investigator initiated trial
Authors: Steer Richard , Tippett Beth , Khan R. Nazim , Collopy Dermot , Clark Gavin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
A drive to improve functional outcomes for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has led to alternative alignment being used. Functional alignment (FA) uses intraoperative soft tissue tension to determine the optimal position of the prosthesis within the patient’s soft tissue envelope. Angular limits for bone resections are followed to prevent long-term prosthesis failure. This study will use the aid of robotic assistance to plan and implement the final prosthesis position. This method has yet to be compared to the traditional mechanically aligned (MA) knee in a randomised trial.

Methods
A blinded randomised control trial with 100 patients will be undertaken via Perth Hip and Knee Clinic. Fifty patients will undergo a MA TKA and fifty will undergo a FA TKA. Both alignment techniques will be balanced via computer-assisted navigation to assess prosthetic gaps, being achieved via the initial bony resection and further soft tissue releases as required to achieve satisfactory balance. The primary outcome will be the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) 2 years after surgery, with secondary outcomes being other patient-reported outcome measures, clinical functional assessment, radiographic position and complications. Other data that will be collected will be patient demography (sex, age, level of activity) and medical information (grade of knee injury, any other relevant medical information). The linear statistical model will be fitted to the response (FJS), including all the other variables as covariates.

Discussion
Many surgeons are utilising alternative alignment techniques with a goal of achieving better functional outcomes for their patients. Currently, MA TKA remains the gold standard with good outcomes and excellent longevity. There is no published RCTs comparing FA to MA yet and only two registered studies are planned or currently in progress. This study utilises a FA technique which differs from the two studies. This study will help determine if FA TKA has superior functional results for patients.

Trial registration
This trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) http://www.anzctr.org.au: U1111-1257-2291, registered 25th Jan 2021. It is also listed on www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04748510.
The effect of a case-finding app on the detection rate of atrial fibrillation compared with opportunistic screening in primary care patients: protocol for a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Beerten Simon Gabriël , Proesmans Tine , Vaes Bert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation is a cardiac arrhythmia commonly encountered in a primary care setting. Current screening is limited to pulse palpation and ECG confirmation when an irregular pulse is found. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation will, however, still be difficult to pick up. With the advent of smartphones, screening could be more cost-efficient by making use of simple applications, lowering the need for intensive screening to discover (paroxysmal) atrial fibrillation.

Methods/design
This cluster randomized trial will examine the effect of using a smartphone-based application such as FibriCheck® on the detection rate of atrial fibrillation in a Flemish general practice population. This study will be conducted in 22 primary care practices across the Flanders region of Belgium and will last 12 months. Patients above 65 years of age will be divided in control and intervention groups on the practice level. The control group will be subjected to standard opportunistic screening only, while the intervention group will be prescribed the FibriCheck® app on top of this opportunistic screening. The difference in detection rate between control and intervention groups will be calculated at the end of the study.
We will use the online platform INTEGO for pseudonymized data collection and analysis, and risk calculation.

Discussion
Smartphone applications might offer a way to cost-effectively screen for (paroxysmal) atrial fibrillation in a primary care setting. This could open the door for the update of future screening guidelines.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04545723. Registered on September 10, 2020.
Ambient-task combined lighting to regulate autonomic and psychomotor arousal levels without compromising subjective comfort to lighting
Authors: Hayano Junichiro , Ueda Norihiro , Kisohara Masaya , Yoshida Yutaka , Yuda Emi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Although evidence of both beneficial and adverse biological effects of lighting has accumulated, biologically favorable lighting often does not match subjectively comfortable lighting. By controlling the correlated color temperature (CCT) of ambient lights, we investigated the feasibility of combined lighting that meets both biological requirements and subjective comfort.

Methods
Two types of combined lightings were compared; one consisted of a high-CCT (12000 K) light-emitting diode (LED) panel as the ambient light and a low-CCT (5000 K) LED stand light as the task light (high-low combined lighting), and the other consisted of a low-CCT (4500 K) LED panel as the ambient light and the same low-CCT (5000 K) stand light as the task light (low-low combined lighting) as control. Ten healthy subjects (5 young and 5 elderly) were exposed to the two types of lighting on separate days. Autonomic function by heart rate variability, psychomotor performances, and subjective comfort were compared.

Results
Both at sitting rest and during psychomotor workload, heart rate was higher and the parasympathetic index of heart rate variability was lower under the high-low combined lighting than the low-low combined lighting in both young and elderly subject groups. Increased psychomotor alertness in the elderly and improved sustainability of concentration work performance in both age groups were also observed under the high-low combined lighting. However, no significant difference was observed in the visual-analog-scale assessment of subjective comfort between the two types of lightings.

Conclusions
High-CCT ambient lighting, even when used in combination with low-CCT task lighting, could increase autonomic and psychomotor arousal levels without compromising subjective comfort. This finding suggests the feasibility of independent control of ambient and task lighting as a way to achieve both biological function regulation and subjective comfort.
Dentists’ knowledge about osteoporosis and their ability to identify the disease
Authors: Ferreira Renato Vicente , Roizenblatt Suely , Szejnfeld Vera Lucia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis is an underdiagnosed condition, and its seriousness is not considered until severe complications arise. This study aimed to evaluate general dentists’ knowledge about osteoporosis and their ability to identify patients with this disease by assessing mandibular cortical width (MCW) and mandibular cortical index (MCI) on panoramic dental radiographs using a visual method.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, an email questionnaire regarding the diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis was sent to 20,773 dentists in 2016. Those who completed the questionnaire were invited to participate in radiomorphometric training and then to analyze the MCI and MCW of 114 panoramic radiographs of postmenopausal women who underwent both panoramic radiography and bone densitometry. Based on the radiomorphometric indices and while blinded to the densitometry results, the dentists determined whether they would indicate densitometry for these patients.

Results
The response rate was 2.3%: 485 dentists completed the questionnaire, and 50 evaluated panoramic radiographs using the MCW and MCI. All of them reported some knowledge about osteoporosis, but 41.6% demonstrated a misleading conceptualization of the disease. Approximately 90% reported minimal access to this information during graduation, and only 27.0% were exposed to the topic during their postgraduate studies. Interest in osteoporosis prevention was expressed by 70.7% of the respondents, and interest in learning the radiomorphometric indices was expressed by 99.0%. The sensitivity in the detection of low bone mineral density through the MCW and MCI was 52.9%, and the specificity was 64%.

Conclusions
Brazilian dentists demonstrated insufficient knowledge about osteoporosis and a low ability to detect osteopenia or osteoporosis by applying radiomorphometric indices.
COVID-19 and mental health: a multi-country study—the effects of lockdown on the mental health of young adults
Authors: Shaikh Areeba , Peprah Ellen , Mohamed Rawan Hamed , Asghar Abeeha , Andharia Noor Viresh , Lajot Niel Anthony , Qureshi Muhmmad Fazal Hussain 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Lockdown conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the mental health of people, especially the youth. This study examined the effect of lockdown on mental health of Egypt, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines and assessed the coping strategies in practice by youth.

Results
Philippines had the highest mean score in all three domains followed by Egypt, Pakistan, India, and then Ghana. There was a significant association of gender with stress, educational status with depression, and anxiety with stress. Students were associated with anxiety, and the history of close friends/family infected with COVID-19 was found to be associated with depression and stress scores. The most common coping strategy for the Philippines was self-destruction; for Pakistan was religion; and for Egypt, India, and Ghana was acceptance. Using linear regression model, the highest scores observed in all three domains were associated with avoidant coping.

Conclusions
The findings of the study confirm that COVID-19 lockdown has affected the mental health of young adults. In particular, the presence of negative coping strategies used by the youth tends to be an indicator of increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression and it should be considered when planning interventions within this population.
Evaluation of ventricular systolic dysfunction as a risk factor for acute kidney injury in intensive care unit
Authors: Obiedallah Ahmed Aly , Shazly Ashraf Anwar E. L. , Nasr Noura Gamal , Abdel Aziz Essam M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem. Cardiac and renal diseases interact in a complex bidirectional manner in both acute and chronic settings. Renal dysfunction in the setting of heart failure, termed the cardio renal syndrome (CRS), has been considered consequence of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), whereby decreasing cardiac output (COP) results in renal under perfusion and consequent decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Main body of the abstract
This study showed that 500 patients were admitted to internal care unit (ICU), and out of them, 100 (20%) patients developed acute kidney injury (AKI) while 400 (80%) patients did not develop AKI. It is also showed that 67 (67%) of those with AKI and 100 (25%) of those with no-AKI had baseline ventricular systolic dysfunction, left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), and biventricular dysfunction (BiVD)presented in 23 (23%), 16 (16%), and 28 (28%) patients of AKI group, respectively, and presented in 60 (15%), 30 (7.50%), and 10 (2.50%) patients, respectively, in patients without acute kidney injury (AKI)

Short conclusion
Our study revealed that AKI has highest incidence in patient with biventricular dysfunction followed by left ventricular dysfunction and lastly those with right ventricular dysfunction.
Impact of sublethal pyrethroid exposure on resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes’ fitness
Authors: Fodjo Behi Kouadio , Kropf Alida , Gonse Zoh Marius , Gba Sadia Christabelle , France-Paraudie Kouadio Affoué , Guibéhi Benjamin Koudou , Seidou Mouhamadou Chouaïbou 
Published: August 2021

Background: There is increasing evidence of insecticide resistance spreading among wild mosquito populations, which is widely believed to compromise vector control once it reaches a threshold that enables mosquitoes to survive exposure to long lasting treated bed-net (LLIN) or indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, very little is known about the long-term impact of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission, which makes the consequence of insecticide resistance spreading difficult to predict. Methods: To gain more clarity, we have assessed four life-history traits of a resistant Anopheles gambiae laboratory strain that was repeatedly exposed to a LLIN and compared with individuals issued from the same strain but exposed to an untreated bed-net. Results: The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test did not show any significant impact of gonotrophic cycle on the five traits. However, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov non-parametric test revealed a significant (i) drop in blood feeding mean rates (D = 0.800; P< 0.0001), (ii) increase in 24-hours post-exposure (D = 0.600; P< 0.001) and (iii) end of gonotrophic cycle mortality (D = 0.611; P <0.006), and (iv) drop in egg laying rate (D = 0.730, P< 0.0001) when mosquitoes were exposed. Surprisingly, there was rather an upward trend in the number of L3 larvae/female mosquito for the exposed group comparing to the unexposed one, although the difference was not significant (D = 0.417, P> 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that in a context of widespread of resistance to insecticides, current pyrethroid-based vector control tools can still confer protection against malaria.