bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Photoacoustic Signal Strength with Continuous Wave Optical Pre-Illumination: A Non-Invasive Technique
Authors: Thomas Anjali , Paul Souradip , Mitra Joy , Singh Mayanglambam Suheshkumar 
Published: February 2021

Use of portable and affordable pulse light sources (light emitting diodes (LED) and laser diodes) for tissue illumination offers an opportunity to accelerate the clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) technology. However, imaging depth in this case is limited because of low output (optical) power of these light sources. In this work, we developed a noninvasive technique for enhancing strength (amplitude) of photoacoustic (PA) signal. This is a photothermal-based technique in which a continuous wave (CW) optical beam, in addition to short-pulse ~ nsec laser beam, is employed to irradiate and, thus, raise the temperature of sample material selectively over a pre-specified region of interest (we call the process as pre-illumination). The increase in temperature, in turn enhances the PA-signal strength. Experiments were conducted in methylene blue, which is one of the commonly used contrast agents in laboratory research studies, to validate change in temperature and subsequent enhancement of PA-signal strength for the following cases: (1) concentration or optical absorption coefficient of sample, (2) optical power of CW-optical beam, and (3) time duration of pre-illumination. A theoretical hypothesis, being validated by numerical simulation, is presented. To validate the proposed technique for clinical and/or pre-clinical applications (diagnosis and treatments of cancer, pressure ulcers, and minimally invasive procedures including vascular access and fetal surgery), experiments were conducted in tissue-mimicking Agar phantom and ex-vivo animal tissue (chicken breast). Results demonstrate that pre-illumination significantly enhances PA-signal strength (up to ~70% (methylene blue), ~48% (Agar phantom), and ~40% (chicken tissue)). The proposed technique addresses one of the primary challenges in the clinical translation of LED-based PAI systems (more specifically, to obtain a detectable PA-signal from deep-seated tissue targets).
Pulsed Optically Pumped Magnetometers: Addressing Dead Time and Bandwidth for the Unshielded Magnetorelaxometry of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Jaufenthaler Aaron , Kornack Thomas , Lebedev Victor , Limes Mark E. , Körber Rainer , Liebl Maik , Baumgarten Daniel 
Published: February 2021

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) offer a large variety of promising applications in medicine thanks to their exciting physical properties, e.g., magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic drug targeting. For these applications, it is crucial to quantify the amount of MNP in their specific binding state. This information can be obtained by means of magnetorelaxometry (MRX), where the relaxation of previously aligned magnetic moments of MNP is measured. Current MRX with optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) is limited by OPM recovery time after the shut-off of the external magnetic field for MNP alignment, therewith preventing the detection of fast relaxing MNP. We present a setup for OPM-MRX measurements using a commercially available pulsed free-precession OPM, where the use of a high power pulsed pump laser in the sensor enables a system recovery time in the microsecond range. Besides, magnetometer raw data processing techniques for Larmor frequency analysis are proposed and compared in this paper. Due to the high bandwidth (≥100 kHz) and high dynamic range of our OPM, a software gradiometer in a compact enclosure allows for unshielded MRX measurements in a laboratory environment. When operated in the MRX mode with non-optimal pumping performance, the OPM shows an unshielded gradiometric noise floor of about 600 fT/cm/Hz for a 2.3 cm baseline. The noise floor is flat up to 1 kHz and increases then linearly with the frequency. We demonstrate that quantitative unshielded MRX measurements of fast relaxing, water suspended MNP is possible with the novel OPM-MRX concept, confirmed by the accurately derived iron amount ratios of MNP samples. The detection limit of the current setup is about 1.37 μg of iron for a liquid BNF-MNP-sample (Bionized NanoFerrite) with a volume of 100 μL.
GPs’ drug treatment for depression by patients’ educational level: registry-based study
Authors: Hansen Anneli Borge , Baste Valborg , Hetlevik Oystein , Haukenes Inger , Smith-Sivertsen Tone , Ruths Sabine 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAntidepressant drugs are often prescribed in general practice. Evidence is conflicting on how patient education influences antidepressant treatment.AimTo investigate the association between educational attainment and drug treatment in adult patients with a new depression diagnosis, and to what extent sex and age influence the association.Design & settingA nationwide registry-based cohort study was undertaken in Norway from 2014–2016.MethodThe study comprised all residents of Norway born before 1996 and alive in 2015. Information was obtained on all new depression diagnoses in general practice in 2015 (primary care database) and data on all dispensed depression medication (Norwegian Prescription Database [NorPD]) 12 months after the date of diagnosis. Independent variables were education, sex, and age. Associations with drug treatment were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model and performed separately for sex.ResultsOut of 49 967 patients with new depression (61.6% women), 15 678 were dispensed drugs (30.4% women, 33.0% men). Highly educated women were less likely to receive medication (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.88 to 0.98) than women with low education. No such differences appeared among men. Women aged 20–29 years were more likely to be treated with drugs than those aged 30–59 years, and women aged ≥70 years were more likely to receive drugs (HR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.54 to 1.77) than those aged 20–29 years. The pattern was similar but less pronounced for men.ConclusionEducational differences in antidepressant therapy among women may reflect different treatment approaches that clinicians should be aware of to avoid unintended variation. Reasons for this variation and consequences for quality of treatment should be explored.
Pengenalan Model Gamifikasi ke dalam E-Learning Pada Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Aryo Kusuma Yaniaja Aryo Kusuma Yaniaja , Hendra Wahyudrajat Hendra Wahyudrajat , Devana Viola Tashya 
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Jurnal berikut menyajikan model pengenalan gamifikasi ke dalam bidang e-learning di perguruan tinggi. Konsep dan perbedaan antara teknik dan metode game mekanik dan game dinamika yang sudah dijelaskan. Dengan gabungan gamifikasi yang tepat ke dalam di bidang e-learning pada perguruan tinggi, efek positif pada proses pembelajaran dapat dicapai, seperti, kesenangan yang lebih tinggi, motivasi dan keaktifan mahasiswa yang lebih besar dalam proses belajar mengajar. Pentingnya tujuan, aturan, teknik, dan mekanisme gamifikasi yang menunjukan efek dinamika mahasiswa. Jurnal ini menyajikan perspektif yang berbeda tentang konsep gamifikasi di perguruan tinggi. Di dalam jurnal ini dijelaskan penggabungan karakteristik gamifikasi dan e-learning dapat menunjukkan kemungkinan penggunaan gamifikasi secara praktis di e-learning.
Ejecución de una clase dentro del aula y en la virtualidad
Authors: Verdugo-González Ruth Concepción , Garcia-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Mena-Clerque Sandra Elizabeth , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los tres momentos de la clase dentro de las aulas y en la virtualidad a través de su aplicación correcta siguiendo todos los lineamientos para que los estudiantes alcancen un nivel competitivo basado en un aprendizaje significativo. El estudio es de tipo no experimental, descriptivo correlacional de cohorte transversal, cuya finalidad es obtener información relevante a cerca de las dificultades del manejo de la clase dentro del aula y en la virtualidad misma que está enfocada en un análisis cuantitativo. Se encontró que a pesar que los docentes manejan las TIC en un porcentaje bastante aceptable, no se ha logrado aplicar los momentos de la clase en línea, por lo tanto, el aprendizaje no llega a ser significativo, ya sea por falta de capacitación de los docentes en plataformas virtuales y el manejo de algunos programas que facilitan el aprendizaje o por otros factores que han incidido en este proceso
Redes de apoyo mediante la trilogía 3Cs para fortalecer el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje
Authors: Cabrera-Padrón Ana Daniela , García-Herrera Darwin Gabriel , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne 
Published: February 2021

El objetivo fue analizar la factibilidad de implementar redes de apoyo en la Unidad Educativa del Milenio Paiguara de la ciudad de Gualaceo – Ecuador, para fortalecer el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, mediante el intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias trabajados colaborativamente. Metodológicamente se trabajó con un enfoque mixto de prevalencia descriptiva, recopilandose datos cuantitativos. Es importante señalar que para mejorar la calidad en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje dentro de un contexto educativo, todos sus integrantes deben estar comprometidos con la institución educativa, esto se logra con la debida motivación y consensos por parte de las autoridades del establecimiento, además deben construir participativamente objetivos a corto, mediano y largo plazo, solo de este modo se podrán aunar esfuerzos, proyectar propuestas y trabajar colaborativamente para alcanzar la meta común planteada.
PENGARUH GAYA HIDUP DAN KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Studi Pada Pelanggan X2 Family Resto and Karaoke Kupang)
Authors: Tana Susanti Oktafiani , Bessie Juita L D 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to a) Knowing and analyze customer perceptions of lifestyle, service quality andpurchasing decisions at X2 Family Resto and Karaoke Kupang. b) Knowing and analyze theinfluence of lifestyle and service quality partially on customers purchasing decisions at X2 FamilyResto and Karaoke Kupang. c) Knowing and analyze the influence of lifestyle and service qualitysimultaneously on customer purchasing decisions at X2 Family Resto and Karaoke Kupang. Thepopulation in this study are all customers who have visited and used services of the X2 FamilyResto and Karaoke Kupang. Samples taken as many as 100 respondents using accidental samplingtechnique. The analysis tecnique used is Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and multiple regression(R2). Based on the results of descriptive analysis shows customer perceptions of lifestyle and servicequality included in the satisfied category. In this study the regression equation was obtained: Y =1,620 + 0,264 X1 + 0,725 X2. If seen from the score scale, then the lifestyle variable equal is 4,27and the highest of the service quality variable is 4,29. Based on the analysis of statistical data, theresults of the t test show that the two independent variables have a significant effect on the variable.F test results show that simultaneosly the independent variable significantly influences theindependent variable. The R square adjust value of 0.782 shows that 78.2% of the purchase decisionvariable is influenced by the independent variable in the regression equation while the remaining21.8% is influenced by the variables not discussed in this study. It is recommended for X2 FamilyResto and Karaoke Kupang to add market segments and product development, which is not only foradolescents (Students) but also added to the adult market segmen and further researchers areexpected to add other aspects such as place, promotion, atmosfer, service, brand awareness,andbrand image.
Keywords: Lifestyle, Service Quality and Purchasing decisions
Deteksi Gangguan Pendengaran pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Jauhari Jauhari 
Published: February 2021

Gangguan pendengaran pada anak usia dini mempengaruhi proses perkembangan anak. Dampak yang ditimbulkan menyebabkan gangguan dalam berbahasa, perubahan kepribadian, sikap, kemampuan berkomunikasi, kepekaan terhadap lingkungan, kemampuan kognitif, emosional dan kemampuan untuk melindungi diri sendiri. Gangguan ini disebabkan oleh faktor genetik maupun non genetik yang dapat muncul sejak lahir maupun di atas usia tiga tahun. Bayi yang memiliki riwayat kesehatan kurang baik cenderung memiliki gangguan pendengaran dibandingkan dengan bayi yang memiliki riwayat kesehatan yang sehat. Deteksi dini gangguan pendengaran perlu dilakukan pada anak usia dini sehingga pemberian intervensi lebih awal dapat dilakukan apabila ditemukan adanya gangguan pendengaran. Deteksi dan rehabilitasi dini yang tepat dapat meningkatkan perkembangan bicara dan berbahasa anak. Keterlambatan dalam melakukan deteksi dini akan menimbulkan keterlambatan untuk memulai intervensi dan berdampak negatif dalam perkembangan anak selanjutnya. Deteksi gangguan pendengaran dilakukan dengan menggunakan rangsangan bunyi sejak bayi dan menggunakan alat audiometer pada anak usia di atas 48 bulan sesuai dengan tahapan pertumbuhan dan perkembanganya. Deteksi dini gangguan pendengaran dilakukan dengan cara mengamati reaksi anak terhadap suara atau tes fungsi pendengaran dengan metode dan peralatan yang sederhana. Deteksi ini dapat dilakukan oleh guru, tenaga kependidikan, orang tua ataupun petugas kesehatan
Kata kunci: deteksi gangguan pendengaran, usia dini
Hearing loss in early childhood affects the child's development process. The impact caused by language disorders, changes in personality, attitudes, communication skills, sensitivity to the environment, cognitive abilities, emotional and ability to protect yourself. The purpose of this study is to explain the detection of hearing loss in early childhood. The research method used is descriptive literature research. The results of this study stated that hearing loss in early childhood is caused by genetic and non-genetic factors that can arise from birth or over the age of three years. Babies who have a poor health history tend to have hearing loss compared to babies who have a healthy health history. Early detection of hearing loss needs to be done in early childhood so that early intervention can be given if hearing loss is found. Appropriate early detection and rehabilitation can improve children's speech and language development. Delay in early detection will cause delays to start interventions and have a negative impact on further child development. Detection of hearing loss is carried out using sound stimulation since infancy and using an audiometer in children over 48 months according to their stages of growth and development. Early detection of hearing loss is done by observing the child's reaction to sound or hearing function tests with simple methods and equipment. This detection can be done by teachers, education personnel, parents or health workers.
Keywords: detection of hearing loss, early childhood
Implementasi Fungsi Manajemen Pada Pengelolaan Program Bantuan Operasional PAUD di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Baidowi Ach. 
Published: February 2021

Management of organizational operational assistance funds is an effort to regulate the use of schools operational assistance funds so that their use is in accordance with school needs. The purpose of the research to describe the process of planning, organizing, implementing and controlling of operational assistance funds. The research approach is qualitative with data collection techniques namely interviews, observation and documentation. data analysis techniques with condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results show that planning is an activity of planning the use of operational assistance funds in schools, the organizing is the formatting of managers and grouping the use of operational assistance funds, implementation, namely the use of operational assistance funds for schools and controlling is checking the use of operational assistance funds.

Abstrak
Pengelolaan Bantuan Operasional Penyelenggaran merupakan usaha mengatur penggunaan dana bantuan operasional penyelenggaraan agar penggunaannya sesuai dengan kebutuhan sekolah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengontrolan pengelolaan dana Bantuan Operasional Penyelenggaraan. Pendekatan penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi serta teknik analisis data dengan kondensasi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil menunjukkan perencanaan merupakan kegiatan merencanakan penggunaan dana bantuan operasional penyelenggaraan di sekolah, sedangkan pengorganisasian merupakan pembentukan pengelola dan pengelompokan penggunaan dana Bantuan Operasional Penyelenggaraan. Pelaksanaan yaitu penggunaan dana Bantuan Operasional Penyelenggaraan untuk sekolah dan pengontrolan merupakan pengecekan penggunaan dana Bantuan Operasional Penyelenggaraan.
Enhanced microwave absorption performance of ultra-small Zn-doped Fe-C nanoparticles
Authors: Kuang Daitao , Liu Linlin , Hou Lizhen , Luo Heng , Deng Lianwen , Song Min , Wang Shiliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ultra-small Zn-doped and non-doped Fe-C nanoparticles are synthesized by one-step metal-organic chemical vapour deposition. Zn-doped Fe-C nanoparticles exhibit an optimal minimum reflection loss of −63.6 dB and a broad effective bandwidth of 7.8 GHz at a thickness of 2.0 mm, which is clearly superior over non-doped Fe-C nanoparticles. A comparative study suggests that the enhanced microwave absorption performance of Zn-doped Fe-C nanoparticles should be related to their degraded dielectric loss and enhanced magnetic loss induced by the Zn-doping effect. These results demonstrate that the strategy of doping effect can effectively tune the dielectric and magnetic losses of magnetic metal-C nanoparticles.
Digitalization and Informatization of Society: Structural Shifts and Their Impact on Education
Authors: Kostin G. A. , Petrova E. A. 
Published: February 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to assess the impact of structural shifts on the system of higher professional education as a crucial tool that forms the backbone and workforce of the country.Tasks. The authors determine the role and significance of factors causing current structural changes in education; analyze the problems of the modern digital generation; evaluate the possibility and necessity of using artificial intelligence and neural networks in modern education; assess the impact of the digitalization of society on the educational process.Methods. This study uses general scientific analytical methods based on the systems approach to analyze and determine the relationship between changes in the educational system and global trends of the digitalization and informatization of society.Results. The study shows that digitalization and increased digital interaction have led to structural shifts in society, which in turn caused a number of diverging consequences.Conclusions. The educational system is the basic foundation for the formation of the country’s qualified workforce capacity in the future, and its objective is to meet modern trends.
Clinical audit on quality of preanesthesia evaluation
Authors: Shahzad Salman , Younas Tahira , Khan Eitzaz-ud-Din 
Published: February 2021

Background: Preoperative evaluation (PAE) gives in-depth view of patient’s clinical condition and helps match mode of anesthesia accordingly. This study was planned to assess the quality of documentation in pre-anesthesia assessment form (PAAF) completed during preoperative assessment.
Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC) Lahore. Pre-Anesthesia assessment forms of patients operated from 1st January to 31st December 2019 were reviewed. A 22-components modified Global Quality Index (GQI) was used to assess the quality of PAAF. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.
Results: Completion was excellent (100 %) in only one indicator; eighteen indicators had an acceptable completion rate (90-99 %) while three indicators were completed in < 90 % PAAF. Consent was the only component complete in 100% PAAF. Documentation of age (25%), past medical history (89.4%) and fasting status (88.4%) were the least documented aspects of PAAF. The average completion rate was 93.5 ± 5.2 % and all 22 indicators of GQI were completed in 14.3% PAAF.
Conclusion: Our audit shows that majority of PAAF are complete and all its components have been well documented. Only few elements were not recorded in some PAAS. Further education and audit will be required to achieve complete documentation.
Key words: Preanesthesia assessment; Preoperative evaluation; Documentation; Global Quality Index
Citation: Shahzad S, Younas T, Khan EUD. Clinical audit on quality of preanesthesia evaluation. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(1):15-18;
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i1.1429
Received: 31 October 2020, Reviewed: 22 December 2020, Accepted: 23 December 2020
Tumescent local anesthesia as an alternative to general anesthesia in release of post-burn neck contracture and skin graft harvesting: A comparative study
Authors: Prasad Mukesh Kumar , Jain Payal , Varshney Rohit Kumar , Khare Aditi , Jheetay Gurdeep Singh 
Published: February 2021

Background: Anesthetic management of severe post burn neck contracture is difficult, demanding due to fixed flexion deformity of neck, incomplete oral occlusion and insufficient mouth opening leading to difficulty in intubation. Patients undergoing contracture release, skin graft harvest under general anesthesia (GA) were compared with patients undergoing the same surgery under tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) technique.
Methodology: Twenty-one patients with post burn neck contracture undergoing contracture release with split skin grafting under GA were compared with twenty-one patients undergoing the same surgery under TLA. Post-operative pain and satisfaction were assessed using 10 cm VAS (Visual Analogue Scale).
Results: Demographic profile was comparable in both groups. Changes in intra-operative vital parameters remained insignificant. The average volume of tumescent solution used was 254.76 + 49.05ml. Blood loss was significantly decreased, postoperative pain relief was more than sixteen hours in thirteen patients and extended beyond twenty-four hours in six patients in the TLA group. Time for the first rescue analgesia was significantly lesser in the GA group and the average dose of injection tramadol used in the GA group was significantly higher within the first 24 h. Overall satisfaction in the TLA group was significantly higher than in the GA group.
Conclusion: TLA can be used as sole technique for release of post burn neck contracture and harvest of split skin grafts with less blood loss and significantly better postoperative pain relief avoiding complications of general anesthesia.
Key words: Tumescent local anesthesia; Post burn neck contracture; Skin graft harvest; General anesthesia
Citation: Prasad MK, Jain P, Varshney RK, Khare A, Jheetay GS. Tumescent local anesthesia as an alternative to general anesthesia in the release of post-burn neck contracture and skin graft harvesting: A comparative study. Anaesth. Pain intensive care 2021;25(1):34–39.
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i1.1434
Received: 18 February 2020, Reviewed: 16 March 2020, Accepted: 30 April 2020