bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complexity of the therapeutic experience within the therapeutic community based on an ex-patient’s account
Authors: Ivanova Daniela , Howe Andrew John , Burns Patricia , Jones Merryn 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of the therapeutic community and to look at the potential changes that some patients may experience following treatment at the therapeutic communities (TC).

Design/methodology/approach
A thematic analysis was conducted on an e-mail sent by an ex-patient of the TC. The text was reviewed multiple times and codes were generated. Based on the data found, three themes were identified. The e-mail was sent to the patient’s primary therapist, who was asked to provide an account of the e-mail. The therapist was sent six questions created by the authors of the paper; the responses were used to compare the two perspectives.

Findings
The main findings entailed the changes the patient went through after her treatment at the TC. The patient’s account described her inability to process the adversities she had been through at the time and therefore her inability to communicate them. However, the impact the service had on the patient, according to the e-mail was evident years later. The lack of a support network during treatment at the TC and evidence of one following treatment seemed to be the key factor in the patient’s improvement.

Originality/value
The authors confirm that the research presented in this paper is their original work. The authors hereby acknowledge that all material included in this piece of work, that has been published or written by another person has been referenced accordingly.
The elderly caregiver questionnaire for COVID-19 (ECQC-24)
Authors: Abdul Rahman Hanif , Bani Issa Wegdan , Rababa Mohammad , Idris Deeni Rudita , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah H. , Naing Lin 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new tool called the elderly caregiver questionnaire for COVID-19 (ECQC-24) that helps to assess caregiver attributes toward best possible care for elderly during this pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
ECQC-24 was developed based on international team of experts and draw upon latest advice from reliable governing bodies such as World Health Organization and the US Centre of Disease Control. Psychometric analysis was applied to ensure the newly developed ECQC-24 is valid and reliable.

Findings
Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.72 to 0.87, and construct validity by exploratory factor analysis was acceptable. The results provide good estimates for the reliability and validity of ECQC-24.

Originality/value
More evidence is urgently needed to better inform clinicians, health and social policymakers and related stakeholders and organizations involved in caring for the elderly. ECQC-24, the manual to use and analyzing tools are freely available for download and use at https://sites.google.com/view/the-elderly-caregiver-covid19/home.
Propionibacterium freudenreichiithrives in microaerobic conditions by complete oxidation of lactate toCO2
Authors: Dank Alexander , van Mastrigt Oscar , Boeren Sjef , Lillevang Søren K. , Abee Tjakko , Smid Eddy J. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this study we show increased biomass formation for four species of food‐grade propionic acid bacteria (Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici,Acidipropionibacterium jensenii,Acidipropionibacterium thoeniiandPropionibacterium freudenreichii) when exposed to oxygen, implicating functional respiratory systems. Using an optimal microaerobic condition,P. freudenreichiiDSM 20271 consumed lactate to produce propionate and acetate initially. When lactate was depleted propionate was oxidized to acetate. We propose to name the switch from propionate production to consumption in microaerobic conditions the ‘propionate switch’. When propionate was depleted the ‘acetate switch’ occurred, resulting in complete consumption of acetate. Both growth rate on lactate (0.100 versus 0.078 h−1) and biomass yield (20.5 versus 8.6 g* mol−1lactate) increased compared to anaerobic conditions. Proteome analysis revealed that the abundance of proteins involved in the aerobic and anaerobic electron transport chains and major metabolic pathways did not significantly differ between anaerobic and microaerobic conditions. This implicates thatP.freudenreichiiis prepared for utilizing O2when it comes available in anaerobic conditions. The ecological niche of propionic acid bacteria can conceivably be extended to environments with oxygen gradients from oxic to anoxic, so‐called microoxic environments, as found in the rumen, gut and soils, where they can thrive by utilizing low concentrations of oxygen.
Travel, Expertise and Readers: Francesco Ottieri (1665–1742) and the Writing of Modern History
Authors: Beduschi Guido G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article analyses Francesco Ottieri's historical work, his authority as historian, and his book's eighteenth‐century readers. During the seventeenth century, books concerning recent events and early newspapers informed an expanding European readership. Between 1716 and 1735, Ottieri authored the Istoria, an eight‐volume account of the War of the Spanish Succession. Although the book circulated significantly during the eighteenth century, coming into possession of some of the period's most eminent historians, it was thereafter largely forgotten. Ottieri, a nobleman and holder of courtly offices, applied to modern history the antiquarian's new attention to sources and documents. His social status, and the experiences acquired at court and during his European travels provided both information and authority. Breaking with a late‐humanist tradition of retired statesman‐historians, Ottieri became in the reading public's eye an authoritative and impartial voice on modern history. The Istoria pioneered a new form of historiography, which combined elements of antiquarian scholarship with its author's unprecedented determination to inform the general public.
Historical change in an elite profession—Class origins and grades among law graduates over 200 years
Authors: Hansen Marianne Nordli , Strømme Thea Bertnes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between social class and educational achievement measured by grades among Norwegian law graduates over a span of 200 years. We argue that class inequalities may arise due to mechanisms favouring ‘insiders’, meaning students whose families have legal backgrounds. Alternatively, a broader category of students with origins in educated or elite families could also enjoy special advantages. Our results indicate that there were insignificant class inequalities in grades before the beginning of the 20th century, when they first appeared, and that class inequalities increased to some extent subsequently. Graduates with origins from families with legal backgrounds or origins in the cultural upper class tend to be awarded the highest grades and those with farming or working‐class origins tend to be awarded the lowest grades. Inequalities according to class origin can be explained only to a limited extent by performance at secondary school. Unlike class origin, however, the impact of grades at secondary school appears to be highly stable over time. We ask whether mechanisms favouring legal ‘insiders’ may have become less important over time, whereas the impact of cultural capital may have increased.
Resilience as a multi‐directional movement process: A conceptual and empirical exploration
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMovement is a recurrent thematic within extant resilience scholarship. Ecological theorizations of resilience emphasize systems that are in constant movement and flux. Terms such as “bouncing back” and “bouncing forward” are frequently used to describe how individuals recover and move on from adversity and trauma. However, integrated individual‐systemic explanations of resilience movement dynamics are lacking. Seeking to address this gap, this interdisciplinary article expressly frames resilience as a multi‐directional movement process. Individuals do not just move forward and backwards. Rather, they move in multiple and varied ways as they seek to navigate their way through adversity—and through systems and social‐ecological traps that both shape how they move and require them to keep moving. Drawing on interview data with victims‐/survivors of conflict‐related sexual violence in Bosnia‐Herzegovina (BiH), Colombia, and Uganda, the article empirically explores what “movement” looks like at the microlevel through a focus on everyday forms and expressions of movement, while also examining how wider systemic environments shape and influence these movements.
Ethnic inequality in choice‐ and performance‐driven education systems: A longitudinal study of educational choices in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden
Authors: Dollmann Jörg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe motivation for this article was the main finding of an earlier study, which concludes that choice‐driven education systems—in the study represented by England and Sweden—are particularly beneficial for immigrants in that they provide them with many opportunities to pursue their generally high educational ambitions. We extend this analysis by including two countries with performance‐driven education systems: Germany and the Netherlands. Our study specifically aims to explore whether it is true that choice‐driven systems are more beneficial for immigrants or whether immigrants can also succeed in more stratified and selective education systems. Using longitudinal data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU), we show that there are no differences in (gross) transition rates between immigrants and natives in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, but immigrants' optimistic choices are more pronounced in England. However, these differences diminish once we account for achievement and students' socioeconomic background in the analyses. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, we find that educational aspirations have an (equally) strong, universal impact, while anticipated discrimination plays a minor role.
Guidance on validation of lethal control measures for foodborne pathogens in foods
Authors: Ceylan Erdogan , Amezquita Alejandro , Anderson Nathan , Betts Roy , Blayo Laurence , Garces‐Vega Francisco , Gkogka Elissavet , Harris Linda J. , McClure Peter , Winkler Anett , den Besten Heidy M. W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFood manufacturers are required to obtain scientific and technical evidence that a control measure or combination of control measures is capable of reducing a significant hazard to an acceptable level that does not pose a public health risk under normal conditions of distribution and storage. A validation study provides evidence that a control measure is capable of controlling the identified hazard under a worst‐case scenario for process and product parameters tested. It also defines the critical parameters that must be controlled, monitored, and verified during processing. This review document is intended as guidance for the food industry to support appropriate validation studies, and aims to limit methodological discrepancies in validation studies that can occur among food safety professionals, consultants, and third‐party laboratories. The document describes product and process factors that are essential when designing a validation study, and gives selection criteria for identifying an appropriate target pathogen or surrogate organism for a food product and process validation. Guidance is provided for approaches to evaluate available microbiological data for the target pathogen or surrogate organism in the product type of interest that can serve as part of the weight of evidence to support a validation study. The document intends to help food manufacturers, processors, and food safety professionals to better understand, plan, and perform validation studies by offering an overview of the choices and key technical elements of a validation plan, the necessary preparations including assembling the validation team and establishing prerequisite programs, and the elements of a validation report.
New insights into hydroxyectoine synthesis and its transcriptional regulation in the broad‐salt growing halophilic bacteriumChromohalobacter salexigens
Authors: Argandoña Montserrat , Piubeli Francine , Reina‐Bueno Mercedes , Nieto Joaquín J. , Vargas Carmen 
Published: May 2021

SummaryElucidating the mechanisms controlling the synthesis of hydroxyectoine is important to design novel genetic engineering strategies for optimizing the production of this biotechnologically relevant compatible solute. The genome of the halophilic bacteriumChromohalobacter salexigenscarries two ectoine hydroxylase genes, namelyectDandectE, whose encoded proteins share the characteristic consensus motif of ectoine hydroxylases but showed only a 51.9% identity between them. In this work, we have shown thatectEencodes a secondary functional ectoine hydroxylase and that the hydroxyectoine synthesis mediated by this enzyme contributes toC.␣salexigensthermoprotection. The evolutionary pattern of EctD and EctE and related proteins suggests that they may have arisen from duplication of an ancestral gene preceding the directional divergence that gave origin to the orders Oceanospirillales and Alteromonadales. Osmoregulated expression ofectDat exponential phase, as well as the thermoregulated expression ofectDat the stationary phase, seemed to be dependent on the general stress factor RpoS. In contrast, expression ofectEwas always RpoS‐dependent regardless of the growth phase and osmotic or heat stress conditions tested. The data presented here suggest that the AraC‐GlxA‐like EctZ transcriptional regulator, whose encoding gene lies upstream ofectD, plays a dual function under exponential growth as both a transcriptional activator of osmoregulatedectDexpression and a repressor ofectEtranscription, privileging the synthesis of the main ectoine hydroxylase EctD. Inactivation ofectZresulted in a higher amount of the total ectoines pool at the expenses of a higher accumulation of ectoine, with maintenance of the hydroxyectoine levels. In addition to the transcriptional control, our results suggest a strong post‐transcriptional regulation of hydroxyectoine synthesis. Data on the accumulation of ectoine and hydroxyectoine inrpoSandectZstrains pave the way for using these genetic backgrounds for metabolic engineering for hydroxyectoine production.
Convergent phenotypic evolution towards fosfomycin collateral sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic‐resistant mutants
Authors: Laborda Pablo , Martínez José L. , Hernando‐Amado Sara 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe rise of antibiotic resistance and the reduced amount of novel antibiotics support the need of developing novel strategies to fight infections, based on improving the use of the antibiotics we already have. Collateral sensitivity is an evolutionary trade‐off associated with the acquisition of antibiotic resistance that can be exploited to tackle this relevant health problem. However, different works have shown that patterns of collateral sensitivity are not always conserved, thus precluding the exploitation of this evolutionary trade‐off to fight infections. In this work, we identify a robust pattern of collateral sensitivity to fosfomycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic‐resistant mutants, selected by antibiotics belonging to different structural families. We characterize the underlying mechanism of the collateral sensitivity observed, which is a reduced expression of the genes encoding the peptidoglycan‐recycling pathway, which preserves the peptidoglycan synthesis in situations where its de novo synthesis is blocked, and a reduced expression of fosA, encoding a fosfomycin‐inactivating enzyme. We propose that the identification of robust collateral sensitivity patterns, as well as the understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind these phenotypes, would provide valuable information to design evolution‐based strategies to treat bacterial infections.
Programming living sensors for environment, health and biomanufacturing
Authors: Wan Xinyi , Saltepe Behide , Yu Luyang , Wang Baojun 
Published: May 2021

SummarySynthetic biology offers new tools and capabilities of engineering cells with desired functions for example as new biosensing platforms leveraging engineered microbes. In the last two decades, bacterial cells have been programmed to sense and respond to various input cues for versatile purposes including environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and adaptive biomanufacturing. Despite demonstrated proof‐of‐concept success in the laboratory, the real‐world applications of microbial sensors have been restricted due to certain technical and societal limitations. Yet, most limitations can be addressed by new technological developments in synthetic biology such as circuit design, biocontainment and machine learning. Here, we summarize the latest advances in synthetic biology and discuss how they could accelerate the development, enhance the performance and address the present limitations of microbial sensors to facilitate their use in the field. We view that programmable living sensors are promising sensing platforms to achieve sustainable, affordable and easy‐to‐use on‐site detection in diverse settings.
Acceleration of ageing via disturbing mTOR‐regulated proteostasis by a new ageing‐associated gene PC4
Authors: Chen Long , Liao Fengying , Wu Jie , Wang Ziwen , Jiang Zhongyong , Zhang Chi , Luo Peng , Ma Le , Gong Qiang , Wang Yang , Wang Qing , Luo Min , Yang Zeyu , Han Shiqian , Shi Chunmeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch on ageing‐associated genes is important for investigating ageing and anti‐ageing strategies. Here, we firstly reported that the human positive cofactor 4 (PC4), a multifunctional and highly conserved nucleoprotein, is accumulated and activated during ageing and causes global accelerated ageing process by disrupting proteostasis. Mechanistically, PC4 interacts with Sin3‐HDAC complex and inhibits its deacetylated activity, leads to hyper‐acetylation of the histones at the promoters of mTOR‐related genes and causes mTOR signalling activation. Accordingly, mTOR activation causes excessive protein synthesis, resulting in impaired proteostasis and accelerated senescence. These results reveal a new biological function of PC4 in vivo, recognizes PC4 as a new ageing‐associated gene and provides a genetically engineered mouse model to simulate natural ageing. More importantly, our findings also indicate that PC4 is involved in histone acetylation and serves as a potential target to improve proteostasis and delay ageing.
Racial and ethnic disparities in bronchiolitis management in freestanding children's hospitals
Authors: Honcoop Aubree C. , Poitevien Patricia , Kerns Ellen , Alverson Brian , McCulloh Russell J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveVariation in bronchiolitis management by race and ethnicity within emergency departments (EDs) has been described in single‐center and prospective studies, but large‐scale assessments across EDs and inpatient settings are lacking. Our objective is to describe the association between race and ethnicity and bronchiolitis management across 37 U.S. freestanding children's hospitals from 2015 to 2018.MethodsUsing the Pediatric Health Information System, we analyzed ED and inpatient visits from November 2015 to November 2018 of children with bronchiolitis 3 to 24 months old. Rates of use for specific diagnostic tests and therapeutic measures were compared across the following race/ethnicity categories: 1) non‐Hispanic White (NHW), 2) non‐Hispanic Black (NHB), 3) Hispanic, and 4) other. The subanalyses of ED patients only and children < 1 year old were performed. Mixed‐effect logistic regression was performed to compare the adjusted odds of receiving specific test/treatment using NHW children as the reference group.ResultsA total of 134,487 patients met inclusion criteria (59% male, 28% NHB, 26% Hispanic). Adjusted analysis showed that NHB children had higher odds of receiving medication associated with asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22 to 1.32) and lower odds of receiving diagnostic tests (blood cultures, complete blood counts, viral testing, chest x‐rays; OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.81) and antibiotics (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.64) than NHW children. Hispanic children had lower odds of receiving diagnostic testing (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90 to 0.98), asthma‐associated medication (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.96), and antibiotics (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.82) compared to NHW children.ConclusionNHB children more often receive corticosteroid and bronchodilator therapies; NHW children more often receive antibiotics and chest radiography. Given that current guidelines generally recommend supportive care with limited diagnostic testing and medical intervention, these findings among NHB and NHW children represent differing patterns of overtreatment. The underlying causes of these patterns require further investigation.
KCNK13 potassium channels in the ventral tegmental area of rats are important for excitation of ventral tegmental area neurons by ethanol
Authors: You Chang , Vandegrift Bertha J. , Brodie Mark S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol excites neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the release of dopamine from these neurons is a key event in ethanol (EtOH)‐induced reward and reinforcement. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain EtOH's actions on neurons of the VTA, but antagonists generally do not eliminate the EtOH‐induced excitation of VTA neurons. We have previously demonstrated that the ion channel KCNK13 plays an important role in the EtOH‐related excitation of mouse VTA neurons. Here, we elaborate on that finding and further assess the importance of KCNK13 in rats.MethodsRats (Sprague–Dawley and Fisher 344) were used in these studies. In addition to single‐unit electrophysiology in brain slices, we used quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry to discern the effects of EtOH and the brain slice preparation method on the expression levels of the Kcnk13 gene and KCNK13 protein.ResultsImmunohistochemistry demonstrated that the levels of KCNK13 were significantly reduced during procedures normally used to prepare brain slices for electrophysiology, with a reduction of about 75% in KCNK13 protein at the time that electrophysiological recordings would normally be made. Extracellular recordings demonstrated that EtOH‐induced excitation of VTA neurons was reduced after knockdown of Kcnk13 using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivered via the recording micropipette. Real‐time PCR demonstrated that the expression of Kcnk13 was altered in a time‐dependent manner after alcohol withdrawal.ConclusionsKCNK13 plays an important role in EtOH‐induced stimulation of rat VTA neurons and is dynamically regulated by cell damage and EtOH exposure, and during withdrawal. KCNK13 is a novel alcohol‐sensitive protein, and further investigation of this channel may offer new avenues for the development of agents useful in altering the rewarding effect of alcohol.
COVID‐19 impact, sustainability performance and firm value: international evidence
Authors: Bose Sudipta , Shams Syed , Ali Muhammad Jahangir , Mihret Dessalegn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine the impact of COVID‐19 on changes in firm value, and the moderating role of firm‐level sustainability performance on this relationship. We find that firms domiciled in countries where the COVID‐19 impact is more devastating experienced greater decline in firm value. The negative impact of COVID‐19 on firm value is less pronounced for firms with better sustainability performance. Firms domiciled in countries with higher levels of environmental‐ and stakeholder‐value‐oriented culture experienced less decline in firm value from the impact of COVID‐19. Findings suggest a firm’s stakeholder‐value orientation contributes to preserving a firm’s value when general stakeholder value declines.