bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military‐Related Stress and Family Well‐Being Among Active Duty Army Families
Authors: O'Neal Catherine Walker , Lavner Justin A. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine associations between objective (i.e., rank, time away for deployment, combat deployments) and subjective (i.e., difficulty coping with military life) military‐related stressors and multiple domains of family well‐being, including marital interactions, marital quality, parenting quality, and family functioning.BackgroundMilitary‐related stressors are associated with individual well‐being, but less is known about associations with family well‐being.MethodDyadic data from 266 active duty (AD) service members and their civilian partners were used to test a structural equation model examining associations between objective and subjective military‐related stressors and both partners' ratings of couple functioning (marital quality, marital interactions), parenting quality, and family functioning.ResultsFor both partners, difficulty coping with military life was significantly associated with perceptions of multiple dimensions of family well‐being. Rank, time away for deployment, and number of combat deployments were not significantly associated with any of the family well‐being variables.ConclusionSubjective, but not objective, indicators of military‐related stress were robustly associated with family well‐being for AD and civilian partners.ImplicationsThese findings call attention to the importance of understanding subjective experiences of military‐related stress for both AD and civilian partners. Policy and program considerations to improve military family members' coping abilities and enhance their family well‐being are discussed.
Multiaxial fatigue behavior of SLM Ti6Al4V alloy under different loading conditions
Authors: Renzo Danilo A. , Sgambitterra Emanuele , Maletta Carmine , Furgiuele Franco , Biffi Carlo A. , Fiocchi Jacopo , Tuissi Ausonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe multiaxial fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V samples, made by selective laser melting (SLM) process, was investigated in this work. Fatigue tests were carried out under three different loading conditions: (i) tensile, (ii) torsion, and (iii) in‐phase axial–torsional. A modified damage model, based on the Sines criterion, is proposed and used to analyze proportional multiaxial fatigue data. Preliminary results showed that the proposed version provides a better prediction with respect to the Sines model. Infrared thermography and digital image correlation were also used to capture both temperature and strain evolutions during fatigue tests. Fatigue results highlighted different failure modes due to surface crack initiation and internal crack initiation, as also demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surface.
Pension coverage extension as social innovation in Zambia: Informal economy workers’ perceptions and needs
Authors: Miti Jairous Joseph , Perkiö Mikko , Metteri Anna , Atkins Salla 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the enactment of Statutory Instrument No. 72 (2019), Zambia is extending pension coverage to workers in the informal economy. We present evidence on the experiences and perspectives of domestic workers and bus and taxi drivers regarding pension scheme coverage in Zambia. We use data generated through interviews and focus group discussions. The analysis shows that pension schemes, as conventionally designed for formal economy employees, are not compatible with the values, beliefs and needs of informal economy workers, and pension coverage was not a priority for them. As a form of social innovation, extending access to pension coverage had a lower relative advantage and lacked incentives to attract informal economy workers. We propose a member‐centred framework for initiating the extension of social security coverage to informal economy workers.
Minimizing inequality in the financing of Argentina’s pension system: Modelling three scenarios
Authors: Geri Milva , Durand Guillermo , Lago Fernando 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne mechanism for influencing income redistribution through a pension system is to incorporate non‐contributory financing. Using mathematic modelling tools, this study compares two arrangements for financing Argentina’s pension system that emerged from an optimization exercise. One arrangement permits financing through income tax and the other does not. The former is found to be preferable in terms of equality and proves robust to changes in the investment rate and the inequality aversion parameter. The use of mathematical modelling tools by decision‐makers with access to sufficient high‐quality data would allow for a credible assessment of the extent to which a particular parametric reform might (or might not) contribute to improved income distribution.
An overview of the mental and physical health status and post‐migration psychosocial stressors of refugee toddlers and preschoolers
Authors: Ünver Hatice , Çeri Veysi , Perdahlı Fiş Neşe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeAlthough thousands of refugee children are being born in resettlement areas, few studies have described the mental and physical status in early childhood. We aimed to study the mental, physical status, and post‐migration psychosocial stressors of refugee toddlers and preschoolers.Design and MethodsThe Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood was used to assess psychiatric disorders, parent–child relational context, physical health conditions, psychosocial and environmental stressors, and developmental competencies of children who were evaluated at the clinic site. This study was a retrospective examination of these health records. Seventy participants were divided into two groups: children born during resettlement in Turkey and children born in Syria. The Syria group consisted of 33 participants aged 66.73 ± 13.05 months. The Turkey group consisted of 37 participants aged 38.78 ± 16.82 months.FindingsIn both groups, children suffered from a wide range of mental and physical disorders and a variety of psychosocial stressors. Monthly income and resettlement time in the Turkey group were more statistically significant (χ2 = 10.611, p = 0.014; χ2 = 5.976, p = 0.050). Also in the Turkey group, parents and siblings had significantly more mental health problems (χ2 = 4.39, p = 0.04; χ2 = 5.38, p = 0.02).Practice ImplicationsChild and adolescent mental health workers need to be aware of the specific needs of this particular age group of refugees. Social, economic, and policy efforts are needed to improve the living conditions of refugee children.
Governmental inspection and local legislation on environmental protection: Evidence from China
Authors: Ding Zifang , Gao Xiang , Qian Xuesong , Wang Huanhuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing China's central inspection of environmental protection as a natural experiment, this paper adopts a difference‐in‐difference method to investigate how this campaign‐style governance approach can influence the legislation process related to the conservation of nature. Our empirics find a significant facilitative effect on the enactment of local environmental protection laws in terms of both number and quality, and this facilitative effect is stronger in provinces and regions with weaker legal basis and greater environmental pollution. Moreover, we show that this facilitative effect has already begun to generate favorable judicial consequences. As for policy implications, we not only provide an overall evaluation on the performance of the central inspection, but also demonstrate China's top–down campaign‐style governance indeed has a long‐lasting impact on the establishment of its institutions.
Fast, computer‐assisted detection of dust and debris impact craters on Stardust interstellar foils
Authors: De Gregorio Bradley T. , Opsahl‐Ong Jessica , Chizmadia Lysa , Brintlinger Todd H. , Westphal Andrew J. , Stroud Rhonda M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe NASA Stardust Interstellar Dust collection provides our current best sample set for direct laboratory analysis of dust grains from the contemporary interstellar dust stream. While a handful of likely interstellar dust grains were identified within the silica aerogel collection media, interstellar dust also impacted Al foils covering the collector frame. Locating these rare impacts requires labor‐intensive collection and examination of tens of thousands of high‐resolution SEM images. Here, we implement a Python‐based algorithm to dramatically reduce the human time investment needed to locate impact craters. The algorithm employs a circular Hough transform to identify circular features in the foil images, followed by several tests to detect characteristic morphological features of impact craters—a dark center and a bright rim, with inclusion of multi‐core processing capabilities to significantly increase processing speed. For most data sets, the code produced a pool of potential crater candidates in 1–5% of the input images, producing a more manageable subset of images for a human expert to review. We used this code to locate 31 impact craters across 12 Stardust interstellar foils, 25 of which were located on three adjacent foils, I1008W,1, I1009N,1, and I1020W,1. Many impacts on these foils formed shallow, oblique craters, with residue compositions consistent with solar cell glass and orientations consistent with debris ejected from the spacecraft solar cells. The code can be integrated into future searches for Stardust interstellar grain impacts and can be implemented as a general utility for dust impact studies on spacecraft materials.
Unveiling the CoA mediated salicylate catabolic mechanism in Rhizobium sp. X9
Authors: Zhou Yidong , Gao Siyuan , Zhang Mingliang , Jiang Wankui , Ke Zhijian , Qiu Jiguo , Xu Jianhong , Hong Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSalicylate is a typical aromatic compound widely distributed in nature. Microbial degradation of salicylate has been well studied and salicylate hydroxylases play essential roles in linking the peripheral and ring‐cleavage catabolic pathways. The direct hydroxylation of salicylate catalyzed by salicylate‐1‐hydroxylase or salicylate‐5‐hydroxylase has been well studied. However, the CoA mediated salicylate 5‐hydroxylation pathway has not been characterized in detail. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of the reaction in the conversion of salicylate to gentisate in the carbaryl‐degrading strain Rhizobium sp. X9. Three enzymes (salicylyl‐CoA ligase CehG, salicylyl‐CoA hydroxylase CehH and gentisyl‐CoA thioesterase CehI) catalyzed the conversion of salicylate to gentisate via a route, including CoA thioester formation, hydroxylation and thioester hydrolysis. Further analysis indicated that genes cehGHI are also distributed in other bacteria from terrestrial environment and marine sediments. These genomic evidences highlight the role of this salicylate degradation pathway in the carbon cycle of soil organic compounds and marine sediments. Our findings of this three‐step strategy enhanced the current understanding of CoA mediated degradation of salicylate.
The Clinical Effect of a Combination of Mouse Nerve Growth Factor and Methylcobalamin to Treat Lumbar Disc Herniation with Foot Drop: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen‐yang Zhuang , An‐nan Hu , Yun‐qi Jiang , Hui‐ren Wang , Xi‐Lei Li , Xiao‐gang Zhou , Hong Lin 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) and methylcobalamin (MeCbl) for the treatment of lumbar disk herniation (LDH) with foot drop.MethodsA total of 46 patients suffering from LDH with foot drop who underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery in our department from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. We divided these patients into two groups according to the different postoperative treatment which independently selected by patients after signing informed consent form: one group of 25 patients was treated with MeCbl alone (Group MeCbl), the other group of 21 patients was treated with a combination of mNGF and MeCbl (Group MeCbl+mNGF). Patient demographics, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, sensory and muscular strength improvement statistics at 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 12 months postoperatively were recorded. Motor/sensory deficits, sciatica and overall neurological outcome after treatment of MeCbl alone and combination of mNGF and MeCbl were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe follow‐up ranged between 12 and 42 months (mean 20.8 months). There were no significant differences between these two groups of patients with respect to sex ratio, age, smoking, diabetes, disease course, section of protruding disc(s), muscular strength of foot dorsiflexion or preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score (P > 0.05). The VAS scores of Group MeCbl+mNGF were significantly lower than Group MeCbl at 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 12 months postoperatively (4.32 ± 0.75 vs 5.25 ± 0.79,2.65 ± 0.48 vs 3.42 ± 0.52, 1.72 ± 0.36 vs 2.45 ± 0.39, 1.12 ± 0.22 vs 1.52 ± 0.24, P < 0.05). The effective rates of sensory improvement were significantly higher in Group MeCbl+mNGF compared with Group MeCbl at 12‐week/12‐month follow‐up time point (90.48% vs 52.00%,95.24% vs 68.00%, P < 0.05). The effective rate of muscular strength improvement of the two groups did not differ significantly at 1 week after surgery but exhibited statistically significant differences at subsequent time points (61.90% vs 32.00%, 76.19% vs 44.00%, 80.95% vs 48.00%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsApplication of mNGF had clinical effects on promoting the recovery of neurological function in patients suffering from LDH with foot drop.
Effect of Local Delivery of Vancomycin and Tobramycin on Bone Regeneration
Authors: Han Wei , Zhang Lei , Yu Ling‐jia , Wang Jun‐qiang 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveA bone defect rat model was established to investigate the osteogenic effect of local delivery two antibiotics (vancomycin and tobramycin powder) on bone regeneration.MethodsTwenty‐four Sprague–Dawley (SD) male rats (6 to 8 weeks, 200 to 250 g) were used in this study. All these rats were randomly divided into four groups. Based on dose conversion between rat and humanviabody surface area, the rat dose of two antibiotics was 88μg/g and 176 μg/g for vancomycin and tobramycin, respectively. Con group (no antibiotic), Van group (vancomycin, 88 μg/g), Tob group (tobramycin 176 μg/g), and Van+Tob group (vancomycin 88μg/g combined with tobramycin 176 μg/g). A 5.0‐mm full‐thickness standardized mandibular bone defect was performed with a drill in each rat and different antibiotic powders were placed over the bone defect space, respectively. All these animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks post‐operation. The mandible bones were harvested for further radiographic and histologic analysis. The bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) ratio, bone volume (BV), and bone fractional area (BFA) in the defect areaviamicro‐computed tomography (μCT scanning) were further analyzed. Then, we performed a histological assessmentviahematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining to analyze bone regeneration and also analyze the number of osteoblasts per filed.ResultsThere were no postoperative deaths, signs of vancomycin‐related or tobramycin‐related toxicity, or signs of systemic illness in any of the four groups. All wounds healed well, and no complications or surgical site infection were observed in all rats. From the μCT scans analyses, there was less bone regeneration in the Van group than in the Con group (BV/TV:F = 64.29,R2 = 0.9602;P = 0.0052; BFA:F = 76.17,R2 = 0.9662,P = 0.0007; BV:F = 194.4,R2 = 0.9865,P = 0.0022). However, when the tobramycin and vancomycin were combined, an increase in bone defect re‐ossification was found in the Van+Tob group than in the Van group (BV/TV:F = 64.29,R2 = 0.9602,P = 0.0033; BFA:F = 76.17,R2 = 0.9662,P = 0.0006; BV:F = 194.4,R2 = 0.9865,P = 0.0033). Routine H&E and Masson staining supported the finding of μCT scanning. Quantitative indices confirmed that both the bone regeneration and the number of osteoblasts per filed in the defect area was higher in the Van+Tob group than in the Van group (percentage of bone tissue:F = 145.7,R2 = 0.9562,P = 0.0008; number of osteoblasts per file;F = 67.3,R2 = 0.9098,P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the Con group and the Van+Tob group on the number of osteoblasts each field (F = 145.7,R2 = 0.9562,P > 0.9999).ConclusionFor bone defect, local application of vancomycin combined with tobramycin was recommended over vancomycin alone. This animal study presents data suggesting that the use of local delivery of vancomycin and tobramycin should be investigated further in clinical studies.
Operational tolerance after pediatric composite liver‐pancreas‐intestine transplantation following severe graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Osborn Julie , Nathan Jaimie D. , Tiao Gregory , Alonso Maria , Kocoshis Samuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile operational tolerance has been previously described in isolated intestinal transplant, reports of this phenomenon in combined liver‐intestine transplant are lacking.Case DescriptionWe detail a unique case of a patient who received a composite allograft including liver, pancreas, and small bowel due to short gut syndrome secondary to gastroschisis complicated by volvulus. The indication for transplantation was permanent dependence on total parenteral nutrition, end‐stage liver disease, recurrent sepsis, and persistent stomal variceal hemorrhage. The patient developed severe graft‐versus‐host disease with grade 3 skin involvement, ophthalmic, and pulmonary involvement with 53% donor T‐cell chimerism. She required aggressive therapy including high‐dose methylprednisolone, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and alemtuzumab. Due to infection concerns following depletion of her lymphocytes, immunosuppression was discontinued with close surveillance of her allograft. Nearly 10 years later, the patient has continued off all immunosuppression without evidence of rejection or graft dysfunction and demonstrates immunocompetence with normal functional immune assays and development of appropriate live vaccination titers.ConclusionThis report of operational tolerance following pediatric composite liver‐pancreas‐intestine transplantation provides evidence that the complex immunologic balance in intestinal transplantation may on rare occasions favor immunosuppression reduction or even discontinuation. Future trials of immunosuppression minimization in this population may be warranted.
Next of kin’s experiences with and attitudes towards digital monitoring technology for ageing people with dementia in residential care facilities. A qualitative study based on the voices of next of kin and care providers
Authors: Gullslett Monika K. , Nilsen Etty R. , Dugstad Janne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo explore next of kin's experiences and attitudes regarding information surrounding the introduction and use of technology to monitor residential home residents with dementia.BackgroundAs our population ages, conditions increase health care and societal challenges. Digitalisation and welfare technology are important for developing health services for the ageing population; adapting information‐sharing and communication about these pics with those involved, such as next of kin, will become increasingly important for developing appropriate services.DesignThis qualitative study has an exploratory and interpretative approach, using in‐depth interviews based on a hermeneutical–phenomenological perspective.MethodsDuring the process of implementing a variety of residential care monitoring technologies, data were collected primarily via semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with care providers and next of kin. In addition to the individual interviews, one focus group interview was carried out with care providers.ResultsNext of kin are a heterogeneous group who need differing types of information – and different styles of communication – to convey information about their relatives in residential care. General attitudes among the next of kin towards welfare technology were positive. Three analytic themes that illustrate the next of kin concerns emerged: (1) concern for safety, autonomy and ethics; (2) resistance and optimism towards technology; (3) information about the use of monitoring technology.ConclusionDigital monitoring technology is increasingly being implemented in residential care. Next of kin are salient in this context. Accordingly, best practices for informing and communicating in a collaborative process must be developed. While some next of kin have resources and are able to be highly engaged, others are unable or unwilling to be active participants in their family members’ lives. It is critical that care providers are aware that next of kin are a heterogeneous group. Our proposed profiles may prove helpful for giving the right information and attention to next of kin, and this may improve residential care services.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings may aid in the tailoring of information and communication systems to individual next of kin's needs and in improving residential care services.
Climate Policy and Moral Consumers*
Authors: Eichner Thomas , Pethig Rüdiger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes climate policy (in the form of emissions caps) in a multi‐country game when consumers have preferences with different degrees of morality. In the absence of climate policy, the larger the consumers’ degree of morality, the lower the energy consumption and climate damage. Moral consumer‐voters elect either emissions caps (direct democracy) under majority rule, or policymakers who then choose emissions caps (representative democracy). If voters take prices as given, then election‐winning emissions caps are tighter, the lower the median voters’ degree of morality. If voters seek to influence prices in their favor, then strong strategic price effects are generated and the election‐winning emissions caps are less stringent, the lower the median voters’ degree of morality. We also show that the morality of election‐winning policymakers differs from the morality of median voters. It is possible that a moral median voter elects a policymaker with zero morality who then implements an emissions cap that might be larger than emissions in the absence of climate policy.