bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors for acquiring HCV infection in the population residing in high endemic, resource-limited settings
Authors: Khan Samreen , Shah Sabeen , Ashraf Hiba 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In a country like Pakistan, a high prevalence of HCV persists due to a lack of awareness among the masses and the absence of adequate medical facilities in less privileged areas. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a risk-based screening tool based on the identification of predictive factors for HCV in the adult population in Karachi, Pakistan, which can later be validated for implementation.

Methodology:
A case-control study design was adopted and data was collected through an interview-based questionnaire from among 284 patients visiting the Family Medicine Department at The Indus Hospital, Karachi on whom the anti-HCV antibody test was conducted. Received data was then entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.

Result:
Analysis indicated that in the entire cohort, marital status, employment status, history of being operated on in the past, family history of HCV infection, and body piercing were the factors significantly associated with positive HCV antibody. Results thus achieved show that the anti-HCV-positive rate was higher in ever married, employed, having had surgery, and family history of HCV infection (aOR: 2.42, 3.5, 2.04 and 2.5, P = 0.043, 0.002, 0.011 and 0.005, respectively).

Conclusions:
It is concluded that future research may be conducted enrolling the heterogeneous population to further probe the HCV burden and incidence in our society to initiate educational purposes. This goal can be achieved through commercial advertisements and free public lectures for disease prevention and better health awareness among the masses and the curers.
Knowledge and attitude about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus vaccine among medical and paramedical students of a university
Authors: Patel Ishani S. , Dongara Ashish R. , Mungala Bhavdeep M. , Chapla Apurva , Phatak Ajay G. , Nimbalkar Somashekhar M. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Every year, globally 570,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer, out of which around 311,000 die. India contributes to about 132,000 new cases and 74,000 deaths yearly. One of the major risk factors for cervical cancer is infection with some types of human papillomavirus (HPV). This is both preventable (by vaccination) and detectable early (routine screening programs).

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude in medical and paramedical students about cervical cancer and HPV vaccination.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted, using predesigned and validated questionnaire. It was segregated into three parts: Q1—demographic details, Q2a—questions assessing knowledge, Q2b—questions assessing attitude. Our target population was female students (18–25 years) studying in medical, nursing, and physiotherapy colleges. Descriptive statistics of data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0.

Results:
We had 73% response rate. Most participants belonged to upper middle and upper socioeconomic class, were pursuing MBBS, resided in villages, had educated parents, and had good health-care-seeking behavior. School education, television, and printed advertisements appeared to be underutilized. Around 50% of the participant had received chickenpox and typhoid vaccine, but only 8% had received HPV vaccine. The mean knowledge score was 5.19 ± 2.24, with 0.00 minimum and 11.0 maximum, out of a maximum possible score of 17. Only, place of residence appeared to effect the knowledge score.

Conclusion:
The study shows the dismal knowledge levels about HPV amongst students. Participants were interested in seeking knowledge; consider HPV vaccination provided they were provided with sufficient knowledge.
The Nairobi Summit and Reproductive Justice: Unmet Needs for People with Infertility
Authors: Dierickx Susan , De Proost Michiel , Huang Anny Yuanfei , Ceesay Sainey , Clarke Ed , Balen Julie 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe Nairobi Summit, held in November 2019 and convened by the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, claims to have represented “all nations and peoples, and all segments” of society during its high-level conference. The overall aim of the summit was to mobilize political will and financial commitments that are urgently needed to “finally and fully” implement the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Program of Action. Despite the recommendation by ICPD to incorporate infertility care in reproductive health services, the new Nairobi Statement largely neglects the topic of infertility. This is particularly troublesome as infertility is a global health problem affecting between 52.6 and 72.4 million couples worldwide, with a high prevalence in low- and middle-income settings. For many people around the world, infertility constitutes an emotional, social, and financial burden, yet appropriate services directed toward preventing and addressing infertility are often inaccessible, unaffordable, or nonexistent. With the impetus of a wider reproductive justice community, we call for the integration of infertility into global reproductive health research and practice, urging policy makers, practitioners, researchers, activists, and funders worldwide to bring focused attention to addressing challenges posed by a lack of safe, effective, and dignified fertility management among those in need.
Therapeutic Response to Thermotherapy in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment Failures for Sodium Stibogluconate: A Randomized Controlled Proof of Principle Clinical Trial
Authors: Silva Hermali , Liyanage Achala , Deerasinghe Theja , Sumanasena Buthsiri , Munidasa Deepani , de Silva Hiromel , Weerasingha Sudath , Fernandopulle Rohini , Karunaweera Nadira 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTTreatment failure to intralesional sodium stibogluconate (IL-SSG) is a health challenge for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sri Lanka. A randomized controlled proof of principle clinical trial, with two arms (viz., radio frequency–induced heat therapy [RFHT] by a ThermoMed™ device (Model 1.8, Thermosurgery Technologies, Inc., Phoenix, AZ) and thermotherapy by a handheld exothermic crystallization thermotherapy for CL [HECT-CL] device) was conducted on 40 CL treatment failures to IL-SSG, from three hospitals in Tangalle, Hambantota, and Anuradhapura, from January 2017 to January 2018, followed up for 180 days post-thermotherapy with a final follow-up in February 2020. Intention-to-treat cure rates were calculated at day 90 (initial cure rate) and at day 180 (final cure rate) posttreatment. Radio frequency–induced heat therapy group: the initial cure rate was 100% (20/20) and the final cure rate was 95% (19/20), with one patient relapsing. The HECT-CL group: both the initial and final cure rates were 80% (16/20), with no relapses and one excluded from the trial. In February 2020 (1.6–3 years posttreatment), 27 traceable patients (RFHT = 16, HECT-CL = 11) remained healed. Second-degree burns were observed with RFHT in 65% (13/20), with HECT-CL in 15% (3/20), which completely resolved subsequently. The cure rates between the two treatment groups were comparable (P = 0.15). Radio frequency–induced heat therapy consumed less time and required only a single hospital visit. Handheld exothermic crystallization thermotherapy for CL is potentially usable at community settings with both being less costly than IL-SSG. This study is the first proof that thermotherapy is an efficacious and safe treatment for CL patients in Sri Lanka, complicated by treatment failure to IL-SSG.
Evaluation of the performances of two rebs net radiometer designs during Nimex at a tropical site in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Sunmonu L.A. , Ajao A.I. , Ayoola M.A. , Ogolo E.O. , Babatunde O.A. , Jegede O.O. 
Published: January 2021

In this study, the performances of two types of Radiation Energy Balance Systems (REBS) net radiometers, a domed (model Q-7.1) and domeless (model NR-LITE) against a reference, four-component net radiometer (model NR01), are evaluated during the conduct of Nigeria Micrometeorological Experiment (NIMEX) held between May 27 and June 12, 2013 at a tropical location in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. During the daytime, net radiation measurements made by NR-LITE and Q-7.1 showed good agreements with NR01, with coefficient of determination for both > 0.90. The values of the mean and standard deviation for daytime net radiation as measured by NR01, NR-LITE and Q-7.1 were 257.7 ± 174.7 W m2 , 179.6 ± 129.3 W m2 and 240.6 ± 153.1 W m2 , respectively. At nighttime, NR-LITE net radiometer responded to longwave radiation better than Q-7.1. Adjustments made by linear regression of NR-LITE and Q-7.1 datasets with NR01 produced better fit. Though costs of the two REBS type net radiometers are comparatively the same, Q-7.1 performed better than NRLITE. However, for long-term operation, the Q-7.1 type requires periodic (every 2-3 months) changing of the plastic domes due to ageing and cracking, unlike the NR-LITE. So, the NR-LITE is a preferred option to be adopted by the Weather Services in West African countries for routine measurements of net radiation because it does not require periodic changing of the plastic domes.
Keywords: Net radiation; REBS net radiometers; 4-component net radiometer; tropical location.
Self-consistent estimates of emission factors of carboncontaining pollutants from a typical gas flare
Authors: Fawole O.G. , Cai X.-M. , Nikolova I. , MacKenzie A.R. 
Published: January 2021

This study proposes an approach for estimating the emission of soot, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbondioxide (CO ) from a typical gas flare. The estimations depend on the quantity and varying composition of the 2 natural gas, flame dynamics (represented by the fire Froude number, Fr ) and the equivalence ratio, f, of the fuel- f air mixture. Soot emission estimates are presented as a function of fire Froude number for gases used in labbased test in order to validate the scheme and for two real-world fuel gas compositions. The mass-weighted carbon-hydrogen ratio (C:H) of the fuel gas compositions are 0.25 and 0.29 which are two extreme cases in terms of density. The soot yield of the lab-based test case was scaled up to estimate the soot yield of a full scale flare using the Richardson number as the scaling parameter. When all other variables are held constant at values characteristics of real-world flares, a difference of 16 % in the fuel-gas density, as indicated by the carbonhydrogen ratio, results in an increase of the emission factors (EF) of soot, CO and CO by factors of ~3, ~1.4 2 3 and ~1.7, measured in g/m , respectively. For both fuel gas compositions, the ratio of EF to EF at the fuel- soot CO lean region f < 1) is higher. The ratio lies in the range 0.031 – 0.13 and 0.0012 – 0.0055 for the fuel-lean (f < 1) and fuel-rich (f > 1) regions, respectively. The approach proposed and results obtained may be adopted to generate emissions inventories of emission species associated with gas flaring on regional and global scales.
Keywords: gas flaring; soot; natural gas; emission factor; black carbon; equivalence ratio
NGHIÊN CỨU CHẾ TẠO VI SỢI CELLULOSE TỪ VI KHUẨN ỨNG DỤNG LÀM VẬT LIỆU COMPOSITE NỀN EPOXY
Authors: ĐẠI PHÚ HUỲNH , QUỐC ĐẠT ĐẶNG , BÁ GIÁP NGUYỄN , TIẾN HẢI ĐINH , VŨ VIỆT LINH NGUYỄN 
Published: January 2021

Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào quy trình chế tạo vi sợi cellulose (MBC) từ vi khuẩn Acetobacter xylinum và đánh giá ảnh hưởng của hàm lượng vi sợi đến cơ tính vật liệu composite. Vi sợi cellulose được tổng hợp bằng phương pháp nhân giống và nuôi cấy chủng vi khuẩn Acetobacter xylinum và được làm sạch bằng cách xử lý kiềm. Sau đó màng vi sợi cellulose được dùng để chế tạo vật liệu composite nền nhựa epoxy. Sử dụng kính hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM) để đánh giá hình thái, độ đồng đều và kích thước sợi sau xử lý. Tính chất cơ lý của mẫu composite được đánh giá thông qua đo độ bền kéo, độ bền uốn và các giá trị modul tương ứng với các tỉ lệ vi sợi/epoxy là 0,5%, 1% và 2% về khối lượng . Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy đã tổng hợp thành công vi sợi cellulose bằng chủng vi khuẩn Acetobacter xylinum. Tỷ lệ sợi/nhựa là 1% về khối lượng cho quá trình đóng rắn và mẫu composite đạt cơ tính tối ưu.
XÁC ĐỊNH VỊ THẾ CẠNH TRANH CỦA MỘT SỐ NHÀ HÀNG TIỆC CƯỚI TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: PHƯƠNG NGUYỄN NGUYÊN 
Published: January 2021

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định vị thế cạnh tranh của một số nhà hàng tiệc cưới trên địa bàn Tp.HCM. Vận dụng các học thuyết và mô hình có liên quan, cũng như qua thảo luận với chuyên gia, tác giả đề xuất mô hình nghiên cứu gồm 05 nhân tố. Sau quá trình thu thập và xử lý dữ liệu bằng phần mềm SPSS, excel và kết hợp với việc sử dụng ma trận hình ảnh cạnh tranh, kết quả nghiên cứu đo lường được năng lực cạnh tranh bên trong của 03 doanh nghiệp được đề cập dựa trên 05 yếu tố: nhân viên phục vụ, thương hiệu, năng lực quản lý, sản phẩm, cơ sở vật chất. Vị thế cạnh tranh từ cao đến thấp là: Metropole, Capella Parkview và Phú Nhuận plaza. Từ đó, với vai trò quản lý của Phú Nhuận Plaza tác giả đề xuất một số hàm ý quản trị để doanh nghiệp có khả năng cạnh tranh tốt hơn trên thị trường.
Effect of Algae Decaying on Shrimp Culture System and Suggested Biological Remediation Strategies
Authors: Liao Xu-zheng , Li Jia-zhao , Wang Bo , Qin Hai-peng , Hu Shi-kang , Zhao Ji-chen , He Zi-hao , Chen Xie-yan , Yang Shi-Ping , Sun Cheng-Bo 
Published: January 2021

Pond water with algae blooms was collected, and maintained in the dark over a 2-day period without nutritional supplements. The physico-chemical parameters and the density of algae were measured. The concentration of NH 4+-N, DIN and PO4–P in water in darkness significantly increased, and the density of algae decreased significantly. Isolated water was exposed to three bio-remediation water treatments: addition of green algae, Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria. After remediation, the concentrations of NH4+ -N, NO3- -N, DIN and PO4- -P in the three treatment groups were significantly lower than the control group. No difference was observed in the concentration of NO2–N between the control group and the photosynthetic bacteria group. Results from all treatments showed water quality deterioration along with increase in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Bio-remediation methods can be effectively adapted in shrimp culture after algae decay, and one of the most promising biological remediation strategies is the use of green algae.
Socio demographic determinants of BMI of Pakistani women: an evidence from PDHS (2017-18) using quantile regression analysis
Authors: Asifa Kamal  , Aqsa Asghar Ali  , Sameena Irfan  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the socio demographic determinants of nutritional status of Pakistani women.
Methods: Secondary data from recent Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS 2017-18) is taken. Data collection period is from 22 November 2017 to 30 April 2018. Ordinary least square (OLS) and quantile regression (QR) models are used for analysis.
Results: QR model is found appropriate for BMI data to capture effect at different level of distribution of BMI. Less than 5% women are under nutrition for some categories of factors. Age of women, women’s education, frequency of watching TV, wealth index, husband’s education and region (KPK, Balochistan) showed a positive effect on women’s BMI in Pakistan across all conditional distribution of BMI. In contrary, age of women at first birth, women’s agriculture or manual working status, gender of household head (female) and region (Sindh) showed negative effect on women’s BMI in Pakistan.
Conclusion: It is concluded that overweight/obesity is becoming serious problem as compared to undernutrition in Pakistani women. Percentage of deprived women is little and level of under nutrition is also not alarming. Privileged women (with respect to education, economic status, urbanization, sedentary life style) have more chances to have higher BMI (overweight or obese). Women of KPK and Balochistan are at higher risk of overweight/ obesity as compared to Punjabi women.
Keywords: PDHS 2017-18, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Quantile Regression (QR) Model, Continuous....
UNA PROPUESTA DE MODULACIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS EX TUNC DE LAS SENTENCIAS ANULATORIAS DE LOS PLANES URBANÍSTICOS A LA VISTA DE LA DOCTRINA PROSPECTIVA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: PASCUAL MARTÍN JESÚS IGNACIO 
Published: January 2021

En la actualidad asistimos a la proliferación de sentencias anulatorias de planes urbanísticos. Su consideración como normas reglamentarias asocia cualquier infracción en que puedan incurrir los mismos -ya sea sustantiva o relativa a su procedimiento de elaboración- a la nulidad de pleno Derecho con efectos ex tunc, sin que en ningún caso quepa acudir a la figura de la convalidación. Los Tribunales contencioso administrativos vienen aplicando de manera rigurosa y monolíticamente esta doctrina sin moderar consecuencias. Frente a ello se propugna que puedan, aún en ausencia de previsión legal expresa al respecto a: (i) dar efectos simplemente prospectivos o ex nunc a sus resoluciones (ii) suspender los efectos de la nulidad a fin dar tiempo a la aprobación de un nuevo plan; y (iii) desvincular la declaración de inconstitucionalidad y anulación del plan, tal y como hace, igualmente sin cobertura legal, el Tribunal Constitucional al enjuiciar las leyes.Une honetan, hirigintza-planak deuseztatzen dituzten epai ugari ikusten ari gara. Hirigintza-planak erregelamendu-arautzat hartzen direnez, haiek edozein arau-haustetan eroriz gero -dela funtsezkoa, dela plana prestatzeko prozedurari buruzkoa-, erabateko deuseztasuna lotuko zaie, ex tunc ondorioekin, baliozkotzeko aukerarik inolaz ere erabili ezin delarik. Administrazioarekiko auzietako auzitegiek zorroztasunez eta era monolitikoan ezartzen ari dira doktrina hori, ondorioak moderatu edo neurriratu gabe. Horren aurrean, berariazko lege-aurreikuspenik ez badago ere, honako aukera hauek aldezten dira: (I) haien ebazpenei aurrera begirako ondorio hutsak edo ex nunc ondorioak ematea; (II) deuseztasunaren ondorioak etetea, beste plan bat onartu artean; eta (III) konstituzio-kontrakotasunaren adierazpena eta planaren deuseztatzea bereiztea, hala egiten baitu, legezko estaldurarik gabe berak ere, Konstituzio Auzitegiak legeak epaitzen dituenean.At present we are witnessing the proliferation of annulment sentences of urban plans. Its consideration as regulatory standards associates any infringement that may be incurred by them -either substantive or related to its elaboration procedure- to the legally void with ex tunc effects without in any case being able to go to the figure of the validation. The contentious administrative tribunals are rigorously and monolithically applying this doctrine without moderating in consequences. In view of this, it is proposed that they may, even in the absence of a legal provision, expressly: (i) give effects that are purely prospective or ex nunc to their resolutions (ii) suspend the effects of nullity to allow time for approval of a new plan; and (iii) unlink the declaration of unconstitutionality and annulment of the plan, as it does, also without legal coverage, the Constitutional Court when judging the laws.
LA DISCRECIONALIDAD EN LA PROVISIÓN DE PUESTOS DE TRABAJO MEDIANTE LA LIBRE DESIGNACIÓN
Authors: ALIAGA RODRIGUEZ RAFAEL 
Published: January 2021

Vamos a abordar cómo se debe ejercitar la «potestad discrecional» en el nombramiento en puestos de libre designación en las Administraciones Públicas. Analizaremos el derecho subjetivo a la carrera profesional del personal funcionario público y la distinción entre los sistemas de provisión de puestos de trabajo: el concurso y la libre designación. De la discrecionalidad de la libre designación escudriñaremos los elementos que la componen en relación con el mérito y la capacidad. El resultado de tal actividad, que deberá ejercerse desde los principios de objetividad, imparcialidad y transparencia, nos llevará hasta determinar la persona candidata a seleccionar, la persona idónea.
Administrazio publikoetako izendapen askeko lanpostuetarako izendapenetan «ahalmen diskrezionala» nola erabili aztertuko dugu. Funtzionario publikoen karrera profesionalerako eskubide subjektiboa ikertuko dugu, baita lanpostuak betetzeko sistemen arteko aldea ere: lehiaketa eta izendapen askea. Izendapen askearen diskrezionalitatearen kasuan, hura osatzen duten elementuak aztertuko ditugu, merezimenduari eta gaitasunari dagokienez. Prozesu hori objektibotasun-, inpartzialtasun- eta gardentasun-printzipioetatik abiatuta gauzatu beharko da, eta jarduera horren emaitzak hautatu beharreko hautagaia, pertsona egokia, zehaztera eramango gaitu.
We are going to address how the «discretionary power» should be exercised in the appointment of freely appointed positions in the Public Administrations. We will analyze the subjective right to the professional career of public officials and the distinction between the systems for the provision of jobs: competition and free appointment. Regarding the discretion of free designation, we will scrutinize the elements that compose it in relation to merit and capacity. The result of such activity, which must be exercised from the principles of objectivity, impartiality and transparency, will lead us to determine the candidate to select, the ideal person.
Measurement of plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer in a sample of Iraqi patients with solid malignant tumors
Authors: Bahaaldeen Maysaa Awadh , Al-Rubaie Haithem Ahmed , Almothaffar Ali 
Published: January 2021

Background: Multifactor affect the pathogenesis of thrombosis in solid malignancy; however, a significant role is attributed to the cancer cells ability to interact with and activate the host hemostatic system. [1]
Hemostasis is highly correlated to tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis, modulation of these pathways reflects interesting and promising treatment options in the future. [1]
Most patients with cancer frequently suffer from chronic compensated DIC and have abnormal laboratory coagulation tests without clinical manifestations of thrombosis, which is a subclinical hypercoagulable state that can be detected by varying degrees of activation of blood clotting. The results of laboratory tests in these patients reflect continuous fibrin formation and lysis during the course of malignancy. [1]
Aim of study: To study the effect of solid malignant tumors on blood coagulation via measurements of plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer.
Subjects and methods: Thirty patients (9 males and 21 females) attending the oncology consultatory out-patient clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical City were randomly selected and included in this study.
These patients were newly diagnosed as having malignant solid tumors depending on histopathological reports from private and governmental sectors.
All the laboratory tests were done at the hematology and biochemistry departments of Teaching Laboratories/ Medical City.
Results: Plasma fibrinogen level was significantly higher in patients group rather than control group (3.863 ±0.706) Vs (2.497±0.457 g/L} respectively, (P-value 0.001).The mean value of factor VIII activity was {181% ±58.4)and (99.3% ±11.1)for patient and control groups respectively, the P-Value was significant ( > 0.001 ).D-dimer was negative for all members of control group, for patients group ( 66.7 %) of them showed positive D-dimer and (33.3)were negative for D-dimer ,P-value was significant ( >0.001 ). Conclusions: There was increase in plasma fibrinogen level and positive D-dimer in cancer patients compared to the control group reflecting subclinical thrombophilia and higher risk of VTE in patients with solid tumors due to activation of prothrombotic and fibrinolytic pathways by malignant cells which is vital for the use of primary prophylaxis by anticoagulants.