bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of memantine as a drug for Alzheimer’s disease: A review of preclinical and clinical studies
Authors: Althobaiti Yusuf S. 
Published: January 2021

Excitotoxicity contributes to neuronal cell death due to overstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by glutamate, which plays a significant role in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have been conducted to identify a well-tolerated and selective NMDA receptor blocker in an effort to alleviate neurodegeneration. Memantine has been found to induce a distinct low-affinity NMDA receptor blockade in both preclinical and clinical studies Therefore, FDA approved this drug as a well-tolerated noncompetitive NMDA receptor blocker for treating moderate to severe cases of AD. Further, memantine showed neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies by selectively blocking excessive NMDA receptor activation. Altogether, this novel drug is well-tolerated and effective for treating moderate to severe AD in various clinical studies. This paper is a review of preclinical and clinical studies on the drug development process of memantine.
Keywords: Memantine, Excitotoxicity, N-methyl-D-aspartate, Glutamate, Alzheimer’s disease, neurodegeneration
LncRNA MALAT1: A potential therapeutic target in DSSinduced ulcerative colitis progression in vitro
Authors: Zhang Baoqin , Li Tiantian , Wang Chao , Han Jing , Wang Baiqing , Sun Guangbin 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Ulcerative colitis is a severe disease affecting human health worldwide. Studies have shown that lncRNA MALAT1 has a significant correlation with breast, pancreatic, colon and liver cancers, but its effects on colitis is yet to be discovered. In this study, the potential role of lncRNA MALAT1 and the underlying molecular mechanism in DSS-induced colitis were investigated in vitro.Methods: Colorectal mucosal cell line FHC was induced with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) to form an in vitro colitis model. Transfection procedure was employed to up- or down-regulate the expressions of lncRNA MALAT1 or miR-30c-5p in FHC cells. Cell viabilities were detected by CCK-8 assay. RT-qPCR was applied for evaluating gene expressions in normal FHC and DSS-induced FHC cell lines, while protein expression levels of target genes were examined by Western blot analysis. Starbase was used to predict the molecular interaction between MALAT1 and miR-30c-5p, while luciferase reporter assay was utilized to verify the binding sites between the two genes.Results: Expression of MALAT1 in the DSS-induced FHC cells was high with low cell viabilities, compared to the normal FHC cells. In the DSS-induced colitis-like FHC cells, overexpression of MALAT1 inhibited cell viabilities, while its downregulation promoted it. MiR-30c-5p directly targets MALAT1 and inhibited its expression in DSS-treated FHC cells. Upregulation of miR-30c-5p increased cell viabilities. Bcl-xL expression was inhibited by the up-regulation of MALAT1, while that of Bax was enhanced and the mimics of miR-30c-5p reversed these observations, suggesting that the enhancement of apoptosis promoted by oe-MALAT1 could be inhibited by miR-30c-5p. The interaction between MALAT1 and miR-30c-5p regulated NF-κB/TGF-β/Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusion: Overexpression of MALAT1 led to inhibition of cell viability, while apoptosis and inflammation were promoted by targeting miR-30c-5p via NF-κB/TGF-β/Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest MALAT1 as a therapeutic target for treating colitis.
Keywords: Colitis, MALAT1, miR-30c-5p, NF-κB/TGF-β/Wnt-β-catenin
Investigation of the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie- Yu granule and its mechanism of action
Authors: Gao Li-shu , Wu Min , Gao Yue , Xu En-ping , Xie Jian 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To study the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule (SJG) and its possible mechanisms in mice.Methods: The anti-depressive effects of SJG were evaluated by three techniques, viz, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT). The levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), DA, and 5-HT in the brains of depressive mice were determined using commercially available kits. In addition, the effects of SJG on the BDNF expression in the mice brain were determined by western blot.Results: Administration of SJG significantly reduced the duration time of immobility in the experiments of FST and TST. In addition, relative to the control mice, SJG (800 mg/kg) administration significantly affected the mobility performance (p < 0.05) of mice. The levels of the three neurotransmitters (DA, NE and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brains of depressive mice were increased by treatment with SJG at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, which could be attributed to increases in the levels of neurotransmitters, and the up-regulation of BDNF expression.Conclusion: The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, most probably via regulation of related neurotransmitters (including DA, NE, and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brain.
Keywords: Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule, Antidepressant, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Chemical composition of the volatile oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from Mianyang in Sichuan Province of China and its sub-chronic toxicity in mice
Authors: Li Jiao , Yang Xiao , Yu Jing , Li Zhimin , Deng Qiuyue , Cao Yanling , Chen Xiu , Zhang Hong , Wang Yu 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To determine the chemical constituents of the volatile oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from Mianyang in Sichuan Province of China, and assess the sub-chronic toxicity of the volatile oil in mice.Methods: The volatile chemical components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixty Kunming mice were divided into six groups of ten mice each. One group served as control (no treatment), two groups were orally administered ρ-cymene at doses of 3 and 7 mg/kg, respectively, for 27 days, while three groups received the volatile oil at doses of 10, 25 and 40 mg/kg, respectively, for the same duration. Sub-chronic toxicity in the mice was evaluated by observing their general behavior, measuring serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), evaluating liver, heart, kidney and thymus indices, and assessing the histological morphology of the organs.Results: The volatile oil contained 14 chemical components, of which α-terpinene and ρ-cymene accounted for 32.89 and 24.25 %, respectively. The volatile oil caused significant (p < 0.05) increase in liver index, and serum AST and ALT levels, and also induced distinct morphological changes in mouse liver, heart and kidney.Conclusion: The main volatile components of the oil are α-terpinene and ρ-cymene. The volatile oil showed dose-dependent toxicity in mice, thus lending some support for the safe use of C. ambrosioides in traditional medicine.
Keywords: Chenopodium ambrosioides, Volatile oil, Oral toxicity, AST and ALT, Histopathological changes
Predictor factors of sustained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with current direct-acting antiviral drugs
Authors: Soliman Elwy M.K. , Morsy Hisham A.A. , Othman Ashraf M.M. , Mady Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and predictors of treatment response of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 Egyptian patients with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, with or without ribavirin.Methods: This prospective study enrolled 200 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 infection who received sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for 12 weeks, with the addition of ribavirin for treating cirrhotic patients. Immunological parameters such as natural killer (NK) cell percentage, phenotype, and serum C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) were evaluated prior to treatment and at the end of the treatment.Results: Overall, 92.5 % of the patients achieved sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12), where the non-cirrhotic group had 96.29 % SVR12, while the cirrhotic group had 84.61 % SVR12. Nonresponders had lower pretreatment platelet count, higher CXCL10 levels, and lower baseline frequencies of NK cells and NK subgroup CD56- CD16+.Conclusion: Based on these results, the use of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin for 12 weeks, is an effective regimen in the treatment of Egyptian patients infected with genotype 4 HCV. The predictors of non-response are advanced age, liver cirrhosis, lower pretreatment platelet count, higher level of CXCL10, lower baseline NK cells frequency and percentage of the dysfunctional subset CD56- CD16+.
Keywords: Hepatitis C virus, Genotype 4, Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir, Sustained virological response
Icariin induces autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Xiong Jun , Zou Hui , Yu Yi 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of icariin on autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes, and the associated mechanisms.Methods: The chondrocytes were randomly divided into control (PBS intervention), TNF-α intervention, icarin +TNF-α, and NF-κB inhibition +TNF-α, with 8 strains in each group. The levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12 were assayed by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expressions of ATG5, ATG7, Bax and Bcl-2 cells were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting, while protein expressions of p-p65 and IκBα were assayed using Western blotting.Results: In the cartilage tissue of rats in the icariin +TNF-α group and NF-κB inhibition +TNF-α group, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12 levels were significantly lower than those in TNF-α treatment group (p < 0.05). The AATG5 mRNA and protein in cartilage tissues of rats in icariin +TNF-α and NF-κB inhibition +TNF-α groups were significantly higher than those in TNF-α group. Bax mRNA and protein in cartilage tissues of icariin +TNF-α and NF-κB inhibition +TNF-α groups were downregulated, relative to TNF-α group; on the other hand, Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were significantly higher than those of TNF-α group (p < 0.05). In the cartilage tissues of Icarin +TNF-α, NF-κB inhibition +TNF-α groups, P-p65 protein was significantly lower than that of TNF-α (p < 0.05).Conclusion: TNF-α enhances the production of a large number of inflammatory factors by cartilage cells, inhibits autophagy of cartilage cells, and promotes cell apoptosis through regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
Keywords: Icariin, NF-κB signaling pathway, TNF-α, Inflammatory response, Chondrocytes, Autophagy, Apoptosis
NGHIÊN CỨU KHẢ NĂNG ĐÁP ỨNG BỘ TRỢ LỰC CƠ KHÍ – THỦY LỰC TRONG HỆ THỐNG THOÁT HIỂM CCD (CABIN-CÁP-ĐU TRƯỢT)
Authors: CHÍ CHÍNH PHAN 
Published: January 2021

Bài báo này nghiên cứu và giải quyết kết cấu bộ trợ lực Cơ khí kết hợp Thủy lực trong hệ thống thoát hiểm Cabin - Cáp - Đu trượt (hệ thống CCD) cho các tòa nhà cao tầng ở Trường Đại học Công nghiệp TP. HCM (IUH). Nghiên cứu này đã kết hợp kết quả nghiên cứu về trợ lực bằng Cơ khí phát triển với hiệu ứng tiết lưu trong thủy lực. Các kết quả của nghiên cứu này chứng tỏ khả năng đạt được vận tốc hạ tải tới hạn để đảm bảo an toàn khi thoát hiểm.
Named Entity Recognition in Low-resource Languages using Cross-lingual distributional word representation
Authors: Melatagia Yonta Paulin , Mbouopda Michael Franklin 
Published: January 2021

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in many NLP applications that seek to identify and classify expressions such as people, location, and organization names. Many NER systems have been developed, but the annotated data needed for good performances are not available for low-resource languages, such as Cameroonian languages. In this paper we exploit the low frequency of named entities in text to define a new suitable cross-lingual distributional representation for named entity recognition. We build the first Ewondo (a Bantu low-resource language of Cameroon) named entities recognizer by projecting named entity tags from English using our word representation. In terms of Recall, Precision and F-score, the obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed distributional representation of words
La reconnaissance des entités nommées (REN) est une tâche fondamentale du TALN dont le but est d'identifier les expressions telles que les noms de personnes, de lieux et d'organisations dans un texte. Il existe de nos jours plusieurs systèmes de REN, cependant les données nécessaires pour les utiliser dans le traitement des langues peu dotées telles que les langues camerounaises ne sont pas disponibles. Nous exploitons le fait que les entités nommées apparaissent rarement dans les textes pour définir une nouvelle représentation distributionnelle interlingue des mots, qui soit adaptée à la REN. En utilisant notre représentation, nous projectons les entités nommées de l'anglais vers l'ewondo (une langue bantou du Cameroun); nous obtenons donc le tout premier modèle de reconnaissance des entités nommées en langue ewondo. Les résultats en terme de précision, rappel et f-mesure montrent l'efficacité de notre représentation
Dimensionamento e caracterização dos agricultores nas feiras livres no baixo Jequitinhonha/MG
Authors: Ayres Eduardo Charles Barbosa , Ayres Vanessa Fonseca , Ribeiro Eduardo Magalhães 
Published: January 2021

As feiras livres fazem parte da cultura do Vale do Jequitinhonha, constituindo importante canal de comercialização dos produtos da agricultura familiar, e espaço de relações sociais e identidade cultura. A pesquisa foi realizada de julho a dezembro de 2016, objetivando dimensionar e caracterizar as feiras livres no Território da Cidadania do Baixo Jequitinhonha, MG, e mapear ações de incentivo. Para coleta de dados foi utilizada planilha, e para entrevista com representantes de instituições foi utilizado roteiro de conversa. A equipe de pesquisa foi composta por professores e estudantes do IFNMG e UFMG, e profissionais da Cáritas Diocesana de Almenara. Foram contabilizados 1.590 pontos de venda, sendo 45% ocupados por agricultores, com relevante participação das mulheres. O tamanho das feiras variou de 5 a 372 pontos de venda, com grande número de agricultores ocupando pontos no chão ou situações improvisadas. As principais iniciativas de apoio são a aquisição de bancas e barracas, e transporte feirante. Conclui-se que as feiras livres apresentam realidades diferentes de tamanho, infraestrutura, oferta, apoio ao feirante e presença de agricultor, indicando necessidade de atuação regional, para fortalecimento da comercialização e da agricultura familiar.
PDF - Clique aqui para acessar o artigo
Vacinas contra a Covid-19: estado da arte
Authors: Macedo Souto Xênia 
Published: January 2021

O SARS-CoV-2, agente etiológico da COVID-19, já infectou quase 14 milhões de pessoas e resultou em, aproximadamente, 592 mil mortes. A publicação da sequência genética do SARS-CoV-2, em 11 de janeiro de 2020, desencadeou intensa corrida global para desenvolver uma vacina efetiva contra o vírus. Neste contexto, essa revisão tem como objetivo apresentar o panorama atual da busca mundial por vacinas contra a COVID-19. Tentativas passadas de produzir uma vacina para as doenças dos coronavírus SARS e MERS geraram um conhecimento substancial sobre a função e estrutura desse grupo viral, o que favoreceu o desenvolvimento de plataformas de produção de vacinas para a COVID-19. No entanto, os desafios para a obtenção de um produto desse tipo que seja seguro, eficaz e acessível, em um curto espaço de tempo, são grandes. Apesar disso, até o momento,163 candidatos à vacina para a COVID-19 estão sendo desenvolvidos e o potencial de vacinas inespecíficas avaliado. Embora a doença já tenha sido controlada em alguns países, a pandemia está longe de terminar segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde. Esse cenário torna a busca por intervenções profiláticas desse tipo ainda imperativa a fim de reduzir a morbimortalidade se o vírus se estabelecer na população.
PDF - Clique aqui para acessar o artigo
Análise da alcalinidade, cloretos, dureza, temperatura e condutividade em amostras de água do município de Almenara/MG
Authors: Nolasco Glauco Maciel , Gama Ednilton Moreira , Reis Bruna Morais , Reis Ana Clara Pereira , Gomes Fernando José Santana , Matos Roberta Pereira 
Published: January 2021

A água é uma substância primordial para manutenção dos seres vivos, sendo utilizada em diversos fins, como consumo humano, lazer, irrigação, entre outros. A qualidade da água está diretamente ligada ao modo de uso e ocupação do solo, ao clima, topografia, geologia, cobertura vegetal e constituintes de uma bacia hidrográfica, ou seja a qualidade da água está relacionada tanto com os aspectos naturais quanto antrópicos. Devido à importância desse recurso natural, esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar análises de alcalinidade, cloretos, dureza, temperatura e condutividade em amostras de água do município de Almenara – Minas Gerais, afim de conciliar os conhecimentos teóricos, sobre coleta de amostras e o método de volumetria ácido-base, de precipitação e de complexação, com os conhecimentos práticos de uma análise de qualidade da água. Essas análises fizeram parte de uma aula prática da disciplina de Química Analítica do curso de Engenharia Agronômica do Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, campus Almenara. Foram coletadas três amostras de água, uma do rio Jequitinhonha, uma de nascente e outra em uma residência da cidade. Os resultados das análises demonstram que as três amostras apresentaram seus parâmetros de acordo com os determinados pela Resolução CONAMA 357 de 2005 do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente e pela Portaria de Consolidação 5 de 2017 do Ministério da Saúde.
PDF - Clique aqui para acessar o artigo
Reflexão sobre o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego – PRONATEC
Authors: Oliveira Filho Elias Rodrigues de 
Published: January 2021

A educação profissionalizante gratuita é essencial para a sociedade que busca patamares mais elevados de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Em geral, os cursos profissionalizantes podem reduzir obstáculos na lógica do mundo do trabalho. No Brasil, com o intuito de ampliar a educação profissionalizante, o governo federal, em 2011, criou o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec). Neste contexto, este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre o Programa, para tanto, fez-se pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontam o Pronatec como política educacional de inclusão social da classe de maior vulnerabilidade social.

PDF - Clique aqui para acessar o artigo
Pelayanan Tuhan Yesus Sebagai Pola Pelayanan Bagi Perempuan Kristen Dalam Konteks Adat Batak Toba
Authors: Lumbangaol Sondang 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak
Pemimpin dan kepemimpinan tidak dapat dipisahkan satu dengan yang lainnya. Apabila menyinggung tentang kepemimpinan, hal itu berkaitan dengan mendiskusikan suatu proses. Tetapi berbicara tentang pemimpin Kristen berarti berbicara tentang individu atau pribadi yang dipanggil oleh Tuhan untuk melaksanakan tugas kepemimpinan. Dewasa ini kepemimpinan dalam berbagai bidang telah diwarnai oleh terlibatnya wanita dalam memberikan peran sertanya dalam upaya meningkatkan pembangunan bangsa. Termasuk juga dalam kepemimpinan di gereja. Artikel ini akan memaparkan secara singkat tentang gambaran kepemimpinan wanita dalam gereja

Abstract
Leaders and leadership can not be separated from one another. If we mention the leadership, it relates to discuss the process. But talking about the Christian’s leader is talking about private individuals or who are called by God to carry out the task of leadership. Today leadership in various fields has been characterized by the involvement of women in delivering participation in efforts to improve the development of the nation. Included the leadership in the church. This article will explain briefly about the image of women in church of leadership
Keunikan Teologi Kristen Di Abad Xxi Sebagai Queen Of Sciences Di Era Postmodern
Authors: Harefa Febriaman Lalaziduhu 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK Kecurigaan umat manusia terhadap bidang studi teologi Kristen pada abad XXI adalah tantangan baru bagi kekristenan masa kini. Orang menganggap bahwa teologi adalah sebuah bidang studi yang kuno dan telah hilang ketenarannya di dunia akademis. Memperhatikan hal di atas, maka dibuatlah penelitian untuk mengkaji ulang secara historis dan teologis tentang urgensitas bidang studi teologi di abad XXI. Untuk menemukan jawabannya, maka dibuatlah sebuah penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Hasilnya adalah teologi adalah jawaban atas segala ”kegalauan” manusia tentang problematika kehidupan, teologi menuntun manusia memahami Allah Pencipta, teologi menjadi pedoman hidup manusia, teologi menuntun manusia memiliki kehidupan kekal dibalik kematian. Maka teologi adalah guru bagi ilmu pengetahuan (science), sehingga teologi wajib memberikan evaluasi terhadap ilmu pengetahuan (science) dengan cara intergrasi.

ABSTRACT
Humanity's suspicion of the field of Christian theology in the XXI century is a new challenge for Christianity today. People think that theology is an ancient field of study and has lost its fame in the academic world. Noting the above, a study was made to review historically and theologically about the urgency of theological studies in the XXI century. To find the answer, a study was made using a qualitative approach and using the method of library research. The result is that theology is the answer to all the "turmoil" of humans about the problems of life, theology leads people to understand the Creator God, theology is the guide to human life, theology leads humans to have eternal life behind death. So theology is a teacher for science (science), so theology must provide an evaluation of science (science) by way of integration.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI SEBAGAI REFERENSI PEMBELAJARAN MAHASISWA STAIN TEUNGKU DIRUNDENG MEULABOH
Authors: Tassia Fransisca 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During the pandemic, in the learning process of the Evaluation Engineering class students, STAIN TeungkuDirundengMeulaboh was faced with a lack of book references. They could not access book lending in the library, because learning was transferred using online media. Students overcome the lack of reference to learning resources by using online media as an alternative for learning references. Online media as a source of learning media is very helpful for students. This purpose is to find out how the use of online media can help students find learning references. The findings of this study are that learning Evaluation Techniques in the Tarbiyah Department of STAIN Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh by using online media can help in completing learning tasks. This media can be an alternative source of reference. So, students remain enthusiastic in completing the assignment given. Therefore, online media is very helpful for students in finding references to learning material. So that students can overcome obstacles in finding the learning material provided.