bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging artificial intelligence for pandemic preparedness and response: a scoping review to identify key use cases
Authors: Syrowatka Ania , Kuznetsova Masha , Alsubai Ava , Beckman Adam L. , Bain Paul A. , Craig Kelly Jean Thomas , Hu Jianying , Jackson Gretchen Purcell , Rhee Kyu , Bates David W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) represents a valuable tool that could be widely used to inform clinical and public health decision-making to effectively manage the impacts of a pandemic. The objective of this scoping review was to identify the key use cases for involving AI for pandemic preparedness and response from the peer-reviewed, preprint, and grey literature. The data synthesis had two parts: an in-depth review of studies that leveraged machine learning (ML) techniques and a limited review of studies that applied traditional modeling approaches. ML applications from the in-depth review were categorized into use cases related to public health and clinical practice, and narratively synthesized. One hundred eighty-three articles met the inclusion criteria for the in-depth review. Six key use cases were identified: forecasting infectious disease dynamics and effects of interventions; surveillance and outbreak detection; real-time monitoring of adherence to public health recommendations; real-time detection of influenza-like illness; triage and timely diagnosis of infections; and prognosis of illness and response to treatment. Data sources and types of ML that were useful varied by use case. The search identified 1167 articles that reported on traditional modeling approaches, which highlighted additional areas where ML could be leveraged for improving the accuracy of estimations or projections. Important ML-based solutions have been developed in response to pandemics, and particularly for COVID-19 but few were optimized for practical application early in the pandemic. These findings can support policymakers, clinicians, and other stakeholders in prioritizing research and development to support operationalization of AI for future pandemics.
In situ strategy for biomedical target localization via nanogold nucleation and secondary growth
Authors: Sawaguchi Akira , Kamimura Takeshi , Takahashi Nobuyasu , Yamashita Atsushi , Asada Yujiro , Imazato Hiroyuki , Aoyama Fumiyo , Wakui Akiko , Sato Takeshi , Choijookhuu Narantsog , Hishikawa Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmunocytochemistry visualizes the exact spatial location of target molecules. The most common strategy for ultrastructural immunocytochemistry is the conjugation of nanogold particles to antibodies as probes. However, conventional nanogold labelling requires time-consuming nanogold probe preparation and ultrathin sectioning of cell/tissue samples. Here, we introduce an in situ strategy involving nanogold nucleation in immunoenzymatic products on universal paraffin/cryostat sections and provide unique insight into nanogold development under hot-humid air conditions. Nanogold particles were specifically localized on kidney podocytes to target synaptopodin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed secondary growth and self-assembly that could be experimentally controlled by bovine serum albumin stabilization and phosphate-buffered saline acceleration. Valuable retrospective nanogold labelling for gastric H+/K+-ATPase was achieved on vintage immunoenzymatic deposits after a long lapse of 15 years (i.e., 15-year-old deposits). The present in situ nanogold labelling is anticipated to fill the gap between light and electron microscopy to correlate cell/tissue structure and function.
Microglial metabolism is a pivotal factor in sexual dimorphism in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Guillot-Sestier Marie-Victoire , Araiz Ana Rubio , Mela Virginia , Gaban Aline Sayd , O’Neill Eoin , Joshi Lisha , Chouchani Edward T. , Mills Evanna L. , Lynch Marina A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAge and sex are major risk factors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with a higher incidence of the disease in females. Neuroinflammation, which is a hallmark of AD, contributes to disease pathogenesis and is inexorably linked with inappropriate microglial activation and neurodegeneration. We investigated sex-related differences in microglia in APP/PS1 mice and in post-mortem tissue from AD patients. Changes in genes that are indicative of microglial activation were preferentially increased in cells from female APP/PS1 mice and cells from males and females were morphological, metabolically and functionally distinct. Microglia from female APP/PS1 mice were glycolytic and less phagocytic and associated with increased amyloidosis whereas microglia from males were amoeboid and this was also the case in post-mortem tissue from male AD patients, where plaque load was reduced. We propose that the sex-related differences in microglia are likely to explain, at least in part, the sexual dimorphism in AD.
The multiscale nature of leaf growth fields
Authors: Armon Shahaf , Moshe Michael , Sharon Eran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA growing leaf is a prototypical active solid, as its active units, the cells, locally deform during the out-of-equilibrium process of growth. During this local growth, leaves increase their area by orders of magnitude, yet maintain a proper shape, usually flat. How this is achieved in the lack of a central control, is unknown. Here we measure the in-plane growth tensor of Tobacco leaves and study the statistics of growth-rate, isotropy and directionality. We show that growth strongly fluctuates in time and position, and include multiple shrinkage events. We identify the characteristic scales of the fluctuations. We show that the area-growth distribution is broad and non-Gaussian, and use multiscale statistical methods to show how growth homogenizes at larger/longer scales. In contrast, we show that growth isotropy does not homogenize in time. Mechanical analysis shows that with such growth statistics, a leaf can stay flat only if the fluctuations are regulated/correlated.
Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams
Authors: Attermeyer Katrin , Casas-Ruiz Joan Pere , Fuss Thomas , Pastor Ada , Cauvy-Fraunié Sophie , Sheath Danny , Nydahl Anna C. , Doretto Alberto , Portela Ana Paula , Doyle Brian C. , Simov Nikolay , Gutmann Roberts Catherine , Niedrist Georg H. , Timoner Xisca , Evtimova Vesela , Barral-Fraga Laura , Bašić Tea , Audet Joachim , Deininger Anne , Busst Georgina , Fenoglio Stefano , Catalán Núria , de Eyto Elvira , Pilotto Francesca , Mor Jordi-René , Monteiro Juliana , Fletcher David , Noss Christian , Colls Miriam , Nagler Magdalena , Liu Liu , Romero González-Quijano Clara , Romero Ferran , Pansch Nina , Ledesma José L. J. , Pegg Josephine , Klaus Marcus , Freixa Anna , Herrero Ortega Sonia , Mendoza-Lera Clara , Bednařík Adam , Fonvielle Jérémy A. , Gilbert Peter J. , Kenderov Lyubomir A. , Rulík Martin , Bodmer Pascal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlobally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1 mmol m−2 h−1 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.
Absolute seasonal temperature estimates from clumped isotopes in bivalve shells suggest warm and variable greenhouse climate
Authors: de Winter Niels J. , Müller Inigo A. , Kocken Ilja J. , Thibault Nicolas , Ullmann Clemens V. , Farnsworth Alex , Lunt Daniel J. , Claeys Philippe , Ziegler Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeasonal variability in sea surface temperatures plays a fundamental role in climate dynamics and species distribution. Seasonal bias can also severely compromise the accuracy of mean annual temperature reconstructions. It is therefore essential to better understand seasonal variability in climates of the past. Many reconstructions of climate in deep time neglect this issue and rely on controversial assumptions, such as estimates of sea water oxygen isotope composition. Here we present absolute seasonal temperature reconstructions based on clumped isotope measurements in bivalve shells which, critically, do not rely on these assumptions. We reconstruct highly precise monthly sea surface temperatures at around 50 °N latitude from individual oyster and rudist shells of the Campanian greenhouse period about 78 million years ago, when the seasonal range at 50 °N comprised 15 to 27 °C. In agreement with fully coupled climate model simulations, we find that greenhouse climates outside the tropics were warmer and more seasonal than previously thought. We conclude that seasonal bias and assumptions about seawater composition can distort temperature reconstructions and our understanding of past greenhouse climates.
Quantum information splitting of an arbitrary three‐qubit state by using three sets of GHZ states
Authors: Sk Rajiuddin , Dash Tadasha , Panigrahi Prasanta K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuantum Information Splitting is an important technique used in Quantum Communication where a sender has to comply with more than one recipient for quantum teleportation. We have shown that three sets of three‐qubit GHZ states can be used to realize the splitting of an arbitrary three‐qubit state securely. We propose a scheme by a new quantum circuit and simulate them on the IBM quantum experience platform and conclude that an arbitrary three‐qubit state can be split up experimentally by using three GHZ states. In a way, the presented protocol is deterministic and secure against eavesdropping attacks.
Relation of internal attenuation, dust emission, and the size of spiral galaxies
Authors: López-Corredoira M. , Gutiérrez C. M. 
Published: June 2021

Aims.Dust in spiral galaxies produces emission in the far-infrared (FIR) and internal absorption in visible wavelengths. However, the relation of the two amounts is not trivial because optical absorption may saturate, but the FIR emission does not. Moreover, the volume concentration of dust plays a role in the relation of absorption and emission, which depends on the size of the galaxy. We explore the relation of these three quantities.Methods.In order to understand the geometrical problem, we developed a model of dust distribution. We also investigated the relation of the three variables with real data of spiral galaxies atz < 0.2 using the spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey and FIR AKARI survey. Internal absorptions were derived with two different methods: the ratio of emission lines Hαand Hβ, and a previously calibrated relation based on the color variations as a function of absolute magnitude and concentration index.Results.We find that in our low-zsample, the dependence of the average internal attenuation on galaxy size is negligible on average because of the relation of dust mass with size. It allows us to derive the internal attenuation of the galaxy,AV, even when we only know its FIR flux. This attenuation approximately depends on the inclination of the galaxyiasAV̄ =γV̄ log101cos i, whereγVis a constant. We found thatγVhas a maximum value for galaxies of 1.45 ± 0.27 magnitudes. When similar properties of dust are assumed, a general expression can be used at anyz:γV̄ = (1.45 ± 0.27)fMexp[−(1.0 ± 0.6)fM] andfM= 7.6 × 10−6αhR−1.75× (FFIR/700 Jy) 1.87 ×fcosmol.(z); the dependence on the cosmological model is embedded infcosmol.(z) =dL(z)(Mpc)2(1 + z)(1.75η − 1.87), whereη = 2 for cosmologies following Etherington’s relation,dLis the luminosity distance,αhRis the angular size of the scalelength, andFFIRthe flux at wavelength 100(1 + z) μm.Conclusions.For cases of nonsaturation (f ≲ 3.6), this might be used as a cosmological test because the factorfcosmol.at highzvaries strongly in different cosmologies. Although the present-day sensitivity of FIR or millimeter surveys does not allow us to carry out this cosmological test within the standard model, it may be used in the future, when we can observe galaxies atz = 3−5 with a sensitivity at ∼500 μm better than ∼10 μJy, for instance. For much lowerzor different cosmological models, a test might be feasible at present.
How Safe and Effective Is Shifting from Pterional to Supraorbital Keyhole Approach for Clipping Ruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms? A Surgeon’s Transition Phase Comparative Study
Authors: Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Narayanan Rajasekhar , Dhandapani Manju , Bhagat Hemant 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground Comparative studies between standard pterional and supraorbital keyhole approaches for aneurysms had potential biases with the heterogeneity of patient selection, differences among surgeons, or varying expertise across the surgeon’s learning curve. This is a study of a surgeon’s transition from pterional to keyhole approach for early clipping of selected consecutive ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms.Methods Patients more than 18 years, presenting within 72 hours of ictus, in good clinical grades 1 to 3, no midline shift, with saccular aneurysms less than 25 mm at either communicating segment of internal carotid artery, anterior communicating artery, or middle cerebral artery segment till bifurcation were studied between the last 25 cases of pterional and first 25 cases of the keyhole, for the intraoperative and postoperative surgical outcome parameters.Results There was no significant difference among baseline parameters, including the location of aneurysms across both groups. While only four cases of pterional had an intraoperative ventricular puncture, the lumbar drain was electively inserted in all keyhole patients. The intraoperative parameters, such as a dural tear, adequate parent vessel exposure, temporary clipping, and intraoperative rupture, did not show any significant difference. None had immediate postoperative deficits. While delayed cerebral ischemia and wound complaints were similar in both groups, temporal hollowing and chewing difficulty were significantly more in pterional patients(p= 0.01).Conclusion A surgeon experienced in pterional approach can comfortably and safely shift to the keyhole for early clipping of selected ruptured aneurysms less than 25 mm, with a comparable surgical outcome but better cosmesis and mastication.
Less complex language, more participation: how consultation documents shape participatory patterns
Authors: Fink Simon , Ruffing Eva , Burst Tobias , Chinnow Sara Katharina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsultations are thought to increase the legitimacy of policies. However, this reasoning only holds if stakeholders really participate in the consultations. Current scholarship offers three explanations for participation patterns: Institutional rules, policy characteristics, and interest group resources determine participation. This article argues that additionally the linguistic complexity of consultation documents influences participation. Complex language deters potential participants, because it raises the costs of participation. A quantitative analysis of the German consultation of electricity grids lends credibility to the argument: If the description of a power line is simplified between two consultation rounds, the number of contributions mentioning that power line increases. This result contributes to our understanding of unequal participation patterns, and the institutional design of participatory procedures. If we think that legitimacy is enhanced by broad participation, then language of the documents matters.
Heavily doped silicon: A potential replacement of conventional plasmonic metals
Authors: Faruque Md. Omar , Al Mahmud Rabiul , Sagor Rakibul Hasan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The plasmonic property of heavily doped p-type silicon is studied here. Although most of the plasmonic devices use metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide in order to support the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), metals that possess a number of challenges in loss management, polarization response, nanofabrication etc. On the other hand, heavily doped p-type silicon shows similar plasmonic properties like metals and also enables us to overcome the challenges possessed by metals. For numerical simulation, heavily doped p-silicon is mathematically modeled and the theoretically obtained relative permittivity is compared with the experimental value. A waveguide is formed with the p-silicon-air interface instead of the metal–air interface. Formation and propagation of SPPs similar to MIM waveguides are observed.
On a Controlled Epidemic Model of SIR Type Without Demography
Authors: De La Sen M. , Garrido A. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper studies a SIR (susceptible-infectious-recovered) epidemic model without demography mainly from the point of view of their equilibrium points. The stability of the disease-free equilibrium point is investigated as well as the attainability of the endemic one independently of the vaccination and treatment controls.
Impact of China‘s ban on Korean wave on the Korean stock market: Evidence from the entertainment sector
Authors: Choi W J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of China’s ban on the Korean wave (BKW) on domestic entertainment stock prices. The ban was triggered by the Korean government’s decision to deploy a terminal high-altitude area defence in Korea in 2016. We explore the statistical equilibrium of stock returns using the entropy applied with symbolic time series analysis. Moreover, we confirmed that the BKW harmed the pricing complexity of Korean entertainment stocks. Our finding can be understood as a monotonous stock price pattern because the market information was not reflected efficiently due to the decrease in transactions among investors concerned about the negative impact on the entertainment sector.
The spin measurement of black holes in active galactic nucleus
Authors: Bian Wenyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spin as one of the two parameters describing black holes. Measuring the spin of black holes is very important in black holes research. In this paper, we introduce the method to measure the spin of AGNs which is the X-ray reflection method, including both specific content and precautions. Based on this method, we select 25 aim objects and give the spin number. The spins mainly focus on 0.5~1. The selection effect is shortly discussed in this paper. Gravitational waves may be next major technology to measure the spin of AGNs. Gravitational waves method is also briefly introduced in this paper.
Statistical Bias in D-Wave Qubits
Authors: Krauss Thomas , Giffen Alexander , Truppelli Phillip , Michaels Alan J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent access to commercially available quantum computing capabilities offers the potential for testing a host of new algorithms that take advantage of fundamentally different processing approaches. One such computing resource is D-Wave’s quantum annealing computer, which employs an energy minimization-based computing mechanism to find solutions to problems stated in an Ising formulation. These solutions, however, must be interpreted in terms of Monte Carlo-style probabilistic occurrences and histograms of candidate solutions that presume the underlying statistics of the qubits are “fair.” This paper quantifies the underlying fairness of individual qubits on a single D-Wave machine, showing that there is a measurable bias in the resulting solution as a function of which qubits are used in the calculation. Further, an example problem is demonstrated, whereby the same problem formulation yields distinctly different solution probabilities by changing which physical qubits are employed.
Using CNN for detection of diseases
Authors: Chen Jiayi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since economic booming, people start to care more about their health including dietary structure and nutrition. Scientist announced that fish and chicken are the best meat among others based on high nutrition level and low fat percentage. However, It is proved that many diseases especially H7N9 are related to poultry farming. Those diseases not only lethal to chicken but also has certain chance to evolve to human transmittable illness. Unfortunately, industrialized large scale poultry farming increased the morbidity of the diseases which is enough for people to take concern of. After all this, the application of genetic engineering technology to poultry industry focused on increase productivity, which sadly reduce poultry healthiness. These lead to periodic poultry pandemic blast. This is endless periodic nightmare for poultry farming. Theoretically, Using image recognizing from artificial intelligent to detect diseases at first sign is possible with current research level. This paper will compare and record the changes of appearances of five common diseases and try to design an AI model to detect it. The main results are as follow: (Use convenlutional neutral network to judge whether the chickens are sick by checking the cockscomb, skin, feather and waste. Keep training the computer to correct the weight to let the accurate rate above 98%. Extract the data of the images by digitizing, and continually recognize the diseases through the help of the vets to realize back propagation to improve the accurate rate.)
Thermal Performance Simulation of Novel Micro Heat Pipe
Authors: Ji Haiwei , Zhang Yaping , Wang Fang , Zhang Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a mathematical model of micro-heat pipe module is established, and the thermal performance of micro-heat pipe module under different heating power and different heat conducting fins is studied by numerical simulation method. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature difference on the substrate surface of the micro-heat pipe is within 2.5 °C, and the micro-heat pipe can effectively diffuse the concentrated heat source and has excellent temperature uniformity characteristics at high heat flux. Further, The influence of heating power and heat conduction fins on the heat transfer performance of the micro-heat pipe module has been analyzed. It is found that the thermal diffusion performance of the micro-heat pipe module reaches the optimal when the heat flux density is 180W and the heat conduction fins are 20 pieces. Simulation shows that the micro-heat pipe module can avoid the thermal stress concentration of the substrate to the greatest extent, thus ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the power module.