bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent-Onset Anti-MDA5 Antibody-Positive Juvenile Dermatomyositis with Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease and Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yeung Tsz Wing , Cheong Kai Ning , Lau Yu Lung , Tse Kei Chiu Niko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:Dermatomyositis with positive anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) antibody has a distinct phenotype associated with small hand joint arthritis, mucocutaneous ulceration, and less muscle involvement. It is reported to be associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and have a high mortality rate in adult studies. There is evidence that cases complicated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PNM) have an increase in mortality. Most of the evidence of this rare disease is derived from adult studies. We report a case in adolescent age complicated with both RP-ILD and PNM with a good disease outcome after aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. We illustrate the diagnostic challenge and the importance of test for the myositis-associated antibodies (MSA).Case presentation:A 16-year-old Chinese female presented with fever and cough for one day, and finger swelling for three weeks. Physical examination revealed arthritis of fingers and wrists, ulcers and palmar papules over fingers, hyperpigmentation of interphalangeal joints, rash over the neck and calcinosis over external ears. The diagnosis of dermatomyositis was made one month later until the onset of malar rash, Gottron’s papules and myalgia. The diagnosis was supported by the presence of anti-MDA5 antibody and evidence of inflammatory myopathy on magnetic resonance imaging without performing muscle biopsy or electromyography. In retrospect, she already had interstitial lung disease at first presentation manifested as cough and opacity on chest radiograph, which was later confirmed with chest computed tomography and pulmonary function test. She was treated according to adult guidelines with calcineurin inhibitor and steroid. Her disease was steroid-resistant, which was complicated with RP-ILD and spontaneous PNM. Intensive immunosuppressive therapy including cyclophosphamide and rituximab were required to induce remission.Conclusions:Recognition of distinct clinical features including mucocutaneous ulceration and test for MSA are important for prompt diagnosis of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis, as early aggressive treatment and anticipation of complications could make a difference in the outcome of this disease with high mortality.
First Record of A New Microsporidium Pathogenic to the Eucalyptus Snout Beetle in Brazil
Authors: Jordan Carolina , Carvalho Vanessa , Mascarin Gabriel , Oliveira Leiliane , Dunlap Christopher , Wilcken Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Microsporidia are naturally occurring fungal-related parasites that can infect nearly all animal hosts, but their biocontrol potential of insect pests is routinely overlooked in agriculture and forestry. This research brings the first report describing the natural occurrence of a microsporidium causing disease in field-collected populations of the invasive eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major destructive pest of eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. Adult beetles were collected during field surveys in commercial eucalyptus plantations in southern Brazil to be examined and dissected with typical symptoms to verify presence of microsporidian spores in haemolymph. From 14 plantations in different sites, the natural infection occurrence in these populations ranged from 0 to 65%, while a lab colony exhibited an infection incidence of 70%. Spore density in haemolymph of symptomatic insects averaged 2.1(±0.4) × 107 spores/mL. Symptoms in infected adults were identified by abnormal abdomen with malformation of the second pair of wings, impairing their flight activity. Electron transmission microscopy of the pathogen showed morphological features similar to species belonging to the genus Nosema or Vairimorpha. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA gene suggests this pathogen’s placement in the genus Vairimorpha, but with a sequence identity of ~94% with the nearest neighbours. The low level of sequence identity suggests this pathogen may represent a novel taxon in the genus and further requires whole genome sequencing for definitive taxonomic resolution. These findings provide insights on the natural occurrence of this novel pathogen for potential use in biocontrol of this invasive pest in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, and prompts the design of conservative or augmentative strategies for the establishment of this microsporidium in field populations for sustainable management of eucalyptus snout beetles.
Characteristics of Colon Crypt Stem Cells in Preserved Epithelial Cell Clumps in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Mouse Model of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kobayashi Mio , Yamashita Risako , Ichikawa Ryo , Shibutani Makoto , Yoshida Toshinori 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Crypt stem cells rescue the colorectum from refractory ulcers in ulcerative colitis (UC). We previously reported that clumps of a few epithelial cells were scattered in ulcer regions in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of UC; however, the origin of the clumps is unknown. We determined the immunohistochemical expression of stem-cell markers in the epithelial clumps in female Balb/c mice administered DSS in drinking water for 6 days, followed by withdrawal of DSS for 6 days. Similar to the characteristics of UC, the ulcers were more severe in the distal region close to the anus than in the proximal region of the colorectum. Quantitative analyses revealed that the epithelial clumps appeared in relation to the severity of ulcer, and they expressed the cell adhesion molecules E-cadherin and β-catenin. Among stem cell markers, the epithelial clumps primarily expressed + 5 cell marker Dll1, followed by + 4 cell marker Bmi1 and crypt stem cell marker Lgr5 in that order. Nuclear expression of Sox9, but not Ki-67 and β-catenin was identified in the clumps. The present results suggest that the epithelial clumps comprised crypt-derived stem cells with the potential to regenerate crypts, which could serve as a potential treatment strategy for UC.
Trajectory Planning in UAV Emergency Networks with Potential Underlaying D2D Communication Based on K-means
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Shi Shuo , Feng Tianming , Gu Xuemai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in communication systems due to excellent maneuverability and mobility. The ultra-high speed, ultra-low latency, and ultra-high reliability of 5th generation wireless systems (5G) have further promoted vigorous development of UAVs. Compared with traditional means of communication, UAV can provide services for ground terminal without time and space constraints, so it is often used as air base station (BS). Especially in emergency communications and rescue, it provides temporary communication signal coverage service for disaster areas. In the face of large-scale and scattered user coverage tasks, UAV's trajectory is an important factor affecting its energy consumption and communication performance. In this paper, we consider a UAV emergency communication network where UAV aims to achieve complete coverage of potential underlying D2D users (DUs). The trajectory planning problem is transformed into the deployment and connection problem of stop points (SPs). Aiming at trajectory length and sum throughput, two trajectory planning algorithms based on K-means are proposed. Due to the non-convexity of sum throughput optimization, we present a sub-optimal solution by using the successive convex approximation (SCA) method. In order to balance the relationship between trajectory length and sum throughput, we propose a joint evaluation index which is used as an objective function to further optimize trajectory. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed algorithms which have advantages over the well-known benchmark scheme in terms of trajectory length and sum throughput.
The Factors Influencing the Implementation of Clinical Guidelines in the World; a Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Babaei Javad , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Jannati Ali , Azizzadeh Mina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Clinical guidelines are a systematic collection of the latest and most authoritative scientific evidence that describes thediagnostic steps and methods of clinical treatment of a patient in a categorized manner, taking into account priorities, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness. It is necessary to explore and categorize influencing factors in the implementation of clinical guidelines worldwide to pave the way for their implementation in medical centers.Methods: In this systematic review we will search Scopus, PubMed, Web of sciences, clinical key, Google Scholar (Search Engine as well as Iranian data bases including: Magiran, SID, Irandoc, Iranmedex. We will include all related original studies that generally cover all relevant outcomes to determine the factors influencing the success of the implementation of clinical guidelines and to identify barriers and facilitators as well.The quality of the included studies will be assessed by appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklists according to the type of studies. The selection and appraisal process will be performed by two members of the research team; and in case of disagreement between the two researchers, the third person will review the articles.Discussion: Identifying the facilitators and factors affecting the implementation of clinical guidelines as well as the related obstacles is expected to pave the way for helping managers, policymakers and health planners in implementing them correctly.Systematic review registration: CRD42020201350
A Pivotal Restructuring of Modeling the Control of COVID-19 During and After Massive Vaccinations for the Next Few Years
Authors: Cruz Jose B , Ronquillo Tirso A , Sangalang Ralph G B , Amante Albertson D , Ronquillo Divina G D , Peralta Janice F , Chua Antonette V , Inojosa Raynell A , Jose Oliver L J A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a pivotal restructuring of modeling the control of COVID-19 even when massive vaccination is in progress. A new closed loop mathematical model to demonstrate how direct observations of the epidemiological compartments of population could be mapped to inputs, such that the social spread of the disease is asymptotically subdued. Mathematical details of the stabilization and robustness are included. A new engineered closed loop model is designed to control the spread of COVID-19 or its variants—that is, one input directly increases the time-rate of the compartment of population free of virus, and the other input directly changes the time-rate of the susceptible compartment of population. Both inputs have collateral opposite influences on the time-rate of the infected compartment of population. The loop is closed around the new input-output model and designed so that the outputs reach the desired asymptotes. New surges of disease spread are not possible in appropriately designed stable closed loop models. However, extensive testing, contact tracing, and medical treatment of those found infected, must be maintained.
Identifying Perioperative Anesthetic Factors associated with Postoperative Morbidity in Robot-Assisted vs. Open Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Enden Antoon van den , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Maranus-Vereen Maya , Klimek Markus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Robot-assisted pancreatoduodenectomy (RAPD) is a challenging procedure for the perioperative anesthesiologist, e.g. because of prolonged pneumoperitoneum exposure and reversed-Trendelenburg positioning. Purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to identify differences in perioperative anesthesia-related factors between RAPD and open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) and to determine perioperative anesthetic factors associated with major morbidity (Clavien Dindo ≥ III) after RAPD. Methods: All consecutive patient undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were retrospectively included during a two year inclusion period. Anesthesia charts were studied on fluid management details, rates of vasopressor administration and arterial blood gas results. All factors were compared between both surgical approaches. Within RAPD, factors were subsequently compared between patients with major (Clavien Dindo ≥ III) vs. without major postoperative morbidity and between procedures with high and low intraoperative blood loss. Perioperative factors associated with considerable postsurgical morbidity (Clavien Dindo ≥ III) were identified by constructing a logistic regression model.Results: RAPD was associated with higher administration of intraoperative vasopressors (9.5% of operative time vs. 0% in OPD, p=0.005) and a higher net intraoperative fluid balance (2497.6 vs. 1572.3 ml, p<0.001). OPD patients more frequently and quantitatively received colloids compared to RAPD patients (79.0% vs. 51.6%, p<0.001, 1000.0 vs. 500.0 ml, p<0.001). Intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion rate was 6.3% (4/64) for RAPD compared to 30.6% (19/62) for OPD (p<0.001). Colloid administration during surgery and hyperlactatemia after 12 hour postoperative admission were associated with major (Clavien Dindo ≥ III) morbidity after RAPD (OR 5.06 with 95% CI 1.49-17.20, p=0.009 and OR 3.18 with 95% CI 1.01-9.91, p=0.047, respectively).Conclusions: RAPD is a challenging procedure for the perioperative anesthesiologist e.g. considering a higher perioperative demand for vasopressors. Perioperative anesthetic factors, including hemodynamics and fluid strategy might alter postoperative morbidity. However, current data is insufficient to make specific recommendations.
A finger-jointing model for describing nanostructures of cellulose microfibrils
Authors: Fugetsu Bunshi , Vipin Adavan Kiliyankil , Takiguchi Shoichi , Sakata Ichiro , Endo Morinobu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We propose a finger-jointing model to describe the possible nanostructures of native cellulose microfibrils based on new observations obtained through thermal decomposition of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in saturated water vapor. We heated the micrometers-long TEMPO-CNFs in saturated water vapor (≥ 120 °C, ≥ 0.2 MPa) for ≤ 8 h. The long TEMPO-CNFs unzipped into short (100 s of nanometers long) cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). We characterized the CNWs using Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, observing similar spectra as TEMPO-CNFs. Thus, the native cellulose microfibrils are not seamlessly long structures, but serial “jointed structures” of CNWs. The finger-jointing model implies a “working and resting rhythm” in the biosynthesis of cellulose. CNWs are highly dispersible in water and polar organic solvents, and are much easier to combine with other classes of polymers at nano-levels. The findings can enhance the feasibility and applicability of native cellulose to achieve sustainable development goals.
Disordered Eating &amp; Body Image of Current and Former Athletes in a Pandemic - What Can We Learn From COVID-19 to Support Athletes Through Transitions?
Authors: Buckley Georgina , Hall Linden , Lassemillante Annie-Claude , Belski Regina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has seen worsened mental health as a result of lockdowns, isolation and changes to sociocultural functioning. The postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics is representative of global cancellations of sporting events, reduced facility access and support restrictions that have affected both current and former athletes psychological wellbeing. This study aimed to determine whether current (n=93) and former (n=111) athletes experienced worsened body image, relationship with food or eating disorder symptomatology during acute COVID-19 transitions.MethodsThe study was a Convergent Mixed Methods design whereby qualitative content analysis was collected and analysed simultaneously with quantitative cross-sectional data using the EAT-26 and self-report COVID-19 questions. Data were collected from April until May 2020 to capture data pertaining to transitions related to the pandemic and included individuals across 41 different individual and team sports from club to international competition levels. ResultsThere was a surge in disordered eating behaviours and cognitions in current and former athletes as a result of the early COVID-19 response. Eating disorders were suggested to occur in 21.1% of participants (18% current athletes n=17, 25% former athletes (n=26). There was a significant difference between males and females (p=0.018, r=0.17), but interestingly no differences between groups from individual vs team sports, type of sporting category (endurance, antigravitational, ball sport, power, technical and aesthetic) or level of competition (club, state, national or international). 34.8% (n=69) self-reported worsened body image and 32.8% (n=65) self-reported a worsened food relationship directly from COVID-19. Qualitative analysis indicated that disordered eating occurred predominantly in the form of body preoccupation, inhibitory food control, fear of body composition changes and binge eating.ConclusionsThis study indicates that transitions in COVID-19 have worsened food-body relationships in current and former athletes and must be treated as an at-risk time for eating disorder development. We suggest that resources are allocated appropriately to assist athletes foster psychologically positive food and body relationships through COVID-19 transitions. This study makes practice suggestions in supporting athletes to manage control, seek support, adapt and accept change and promote connection and variety through athletic transitions.
Associations of Serum Lipids With Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Centenarians
Authors: Chen Yujian , Huang Ya , Ning ChaoXue , Zhu Qiao , Yao Yao , Zhao Yali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidaemia and cognitive impairment are common in old adults and risks of both of them increase with increasing age. However, the relationship between lipids and cognitive impairment in longevous people is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between serum lipids and cognitive impairment in Chinese centenarians.Methods: In a cross-sectional study , total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were biochemically measured in 924 centenarians and cognitive functions were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of lipids with cognitive impairment and the risks for cognitive impairment associated with quartile of serum lipid concentrations.Results: The results demonstrated HDL-C was an independent beneficial factor for cognitive impairment after controlling for the potential covariates (Odds ratio, OR=0.350, 95% Confidence interval, CI=0.159–0.774; P=0.009). An inverse association of HDL-C with cognitive impairment was found (P for trend=0.001) and the association remained significant after adjusting for possible cofounders (P for trend =0.012). The OR of cognitive impairment for the lowest versus highest quartiles of HDL-C was 1.96 (95%CI, 1.09–3.45).Conclusions: The results indicated that low HDL-C is likely to be harmful for cognitive functions in centenarians. The cognitive function of longevous persons with low HDL-C concentrations deserves more attention.
Grooved pegboard test performance before and after cerebrospinal fluid tap test in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Liu Caiyan , Dong Liling , Mao Chenhui , Li Jie , Huang Xinying , Wei Junji , Hou Bo , Feng Feng , Cui Liying , Gao Jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction Motor impairment in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) can extend beyond gait and include deficits in upper extremity functions and psychomotor speed. Evaluation of upper extremity function will be helpful for iNPH patients who are unable to ambulate (e.g., wheelchair-bound patients) and may not be able to comply with the gait evaluation. Our study aimed to explore the use of the grooved pegboard test (GPT) to assess responsiveness to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap test (TT) in iNPH patients. Methods Sixty-five possible NPH patients were enrolled retrospectively and all underwent detailed neuropsychological and walking assessments, CSF TTs, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The GPT results before and after the CSF TT were compared and correlated with the other clinical assessments. In diffusion tensor imaging analysis, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of periventricular white matter were measured by the region of interest method and were correlated with pegboard test performance. Results Compared with 0-hour GPT-dominant and nondominant hand performance, GPT-dominant hand and nondominant hand performance on the 24-hour and 72-hour CSF TT were significantly improved (all P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between 24-hour and 72-hour dominant hand GPT performance. The improvement ratios in the complex visual motor speed index (i.e., the GPT performance combined with the symbol-digit modalities test score) were significantly different between the CSF TT responder and nonresponder groups. The baseline GPT performance correlated with walking test, cognitive function, and functional scores. The diffusion tensor imaging analysis of eighteen patients showed that bilateral GPT performance was significantly correlated with FA values in right periventricular lesions (both P < 0.05). Conclusion GPT could measure the change of upper extremity motor function after TT and correlated the lower extremity motor function. It was worth further investigation to its application for iNPH patients unable to comply with the gait evaluation.