bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia on Blood DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Clock Modeling in Fischer 344 Rats
Authors: Finesso Giovanni E , McDevitt Ross A , Roy Roshni , Brinster Lauren R , Di Francesco Andrea , Meade Theresa , de Cabo Rafael , Ferrucci Luigi , Perdue Kathy A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Age-dependent differences in methylation at specific cytosine–guanine (CpG) sites have been used in “epigenetic clock” formulas to predict age. Deviations of epigenetic age from chronological age are informative of health status and are associated with adverse health outcomes, including mortality. In most cases, epigenetic clocks are performed on methylation from DNA extracted from circulating blood cells. However, the effect of neoplastic cells in the circulation on estimation and interpretation of epigenetic clocks is not well understood. Here, we explored this using Fischer 344 (F344) rats, a strain that often develops large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL). We found clear histological markers of LGLL pathology in the spleens and livers of 27 out of 61 rats aged 17–27 months. We assessed DNA methylation by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with coverage of 3 million cytosine residues. Although LGLL broadly increased DNA methylation variability, it did not change epigenetic aging. Despite this, the inclusion of rats with LGLL in clock training sets significantly altered predictor selection probability at 83 of 121 commonly utilized CpG sites. Furthermore, models trained on rat samples that included individuals with LGLL had greater absolute age error than those trained exclusively rats free of LGLL (39% increase; p &lt; .0001). We conclude that the epigenetic signals for aging and LGLL are distinct, such that LGLL assessment is not necessary for valid measures of epigenetic age in F344 rats. The precision and architecture of constructed epigenetic clock formulas, however, can be influenced by the presence of neoplastic hematopoietic cells in training set populations.
Paris Embraces Modern Art – But Not in Court: Opinion on the Cour d’Appel de Paris Decision – Jeff Koons v Franck Davidovici
Authors: Sutterer Moritz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In February 2021 the Paris Court of Appeal (Cour d’appel de Paris) rendered a decision against the US artist Jeff Koons, holding that he had infringed copyright relating to an advertisement photography that was more than 30 years old. Jeff Koons is famous for his Neo-pop Appropriation art – kitsch for some, a provocative breach with the traditional notion of art for others. It was not the first time Koons has had to defend his work in court. The French decision is particularly interesting, however, as it shows a very narrow understanding of the copyright exceptions. It is an illustrative example of the issues resulting from CJEU’s approach in Pelham, Spiegel Online and Funke Medien, where the Court held that once the recognisability of original elements has been established, the only way out of the infringement leads through the formal exceptions and limitations of the InfoSoc Directive. Based on the decision, I will reflect on the openness of copyright for art-specific forms of referencing and in particular analyse the subject matter and scope of the parody exception and contrast it with less formal approaches to consider new creative elements. I will also analyse the question of applicable law in internet cases.
COVID-19 and Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tripathi Kartikeya , Godoy Brewer Gala , Thu Nguyen Minh , Singh Yuvaraj , Saleh Ismail Mohamed , Sauk Jenny S , Parian Alyssa M , Limketkai Berkeley N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Our understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is rapidly evolving. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in IBD patients with COVID-19.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, MedRxiv, and Google Scholar from inception through October 2020. We included studies with IBD patients and confirmed COVID-19. Data were collected on the prevalence, patient characteristics, pre-infection treatments for IBD, comorbidities, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU), admission, and death.

Results
Twenty-three studies with 51,643 IBD patients and 1449 with COVID-19 met our inclusion criteria. In 14 studies (n = 50,706) that included IBD patients with and without COVID-19, the prevalence of infection was 1.01% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-1.10). Of IBD patients with COVID-19, 52.7% had Crohn’s disease, 42.2% had ulcerative colitis, and 5.1% had indeterminate colitis. Nine studies (n = 687) reported outcomes according to IBD therapy received. Compared with patients on corticosteroids, those on antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy had a lower risk of hospitalization (risk ratio [RR], 0.24; 95% CI, 0.16-0.35; P &lt; .01; I2 = 0%) and ICU admission (RR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.37; P &lt; .01) but not death (RR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.02-1.71; P = .13; I2 = 39%). Compared with patients on mesalamine, those on antitumor necrosis factor therapy had a lower risk of hospitalizations (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25-0.54), ICU admissions (RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.07-0.58), and death (0.21; 95% CI, 0.04-1.00). Comparing patients on immunomodulators vs mesalamine or anti-TNF therapy, there was no difference in these outcomes.

Conclusions
The prevalence of COVID-19 in IBD patients was low. Use of corticosteroids or mesalamine was significantly associated with worse outcomes, whereas use of anti-TNFs was associated with more favorable outcomes. Further investigation clarifying the mechanisms of these disparate observations could help identify risk and adverse outcome-mitigating strategies for patients with IBD.
Conserved Antigenic Structure of Contemporary Wild Poliovirus Type 1 Strains Endemic in Pakistan
Authors: Alam Muhammad Masroor , Ikram Aamir , Mahmood Nayab , Sharif Salmaan , Shaukat Shahzad , Fatmi Muhammad Qaiser , Angez Mehar , Khurshid Adnan , Rehman Lubna , Akhtar Ribqa , Mujtaba Ghulam , Arshad Yasir , Rana Muhammad Suleman , Yousaf Aneela , Zaidi Syed Sohail Zahoor , Salman Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Elimination of poliovirus in Pakistan and Afghanistan is challenged by notions against the role of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in eradicating contemporary wild poliovirus (WPV) strains.

Methods
A total of 1055 WPV type 1 (WPV1) strains isolated between 2013 and 2018 were categorized into 68 antigenic groups and tested for neutralization by OPV-derived antibodies. Molecular docking was conducted to determine neutralization efficiency of antibodies against WPV. The clinical significance of WPV1 variants was assessed to ascertain their role in patient outcomes.

Results
We found that 88% of WPV1 strains isolated from paralytic children belonged to a single antigenic lineage identical to the WPV1 strain detected in 1993. WPV1 antigenic variants were effectively neutralized by OPV-derived antibodies, with geometric mean titers comparable to the neutralization titers found for 3 strains in OPV (OPV1–3, 7.96–9.149 [95% confidence interval, 6.864–10.171]; WPV1 strains, 7.542–8.786 [6.493–9.869]). Docking examination underscored a strong antigen-antibody interaction despite variations within the viral protein 1 epitopes. There was no significant association (P = .78) with clinical prognosis among patients infected with antigenically diverse WPV1 strains and patient outcomes, including death.

Conclusions
Our findings substantiate the robustness of OPV for neutralizing the contemporary WPV1 strains endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Vaccination coverage must be augmented to achieve early eradication.
Effectiveness of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine
Authors: Saciuk Yaki , Kertes Jennifer , Shamir Stein Naama , Ekka Zohar Anat 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A retrospective cohort study was carried out in a large Israeli health maintenance organization to determine vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Of nearly 1 million members receiving 2 doses of BNT162b2 in January–February 2021, infection rates (based on polymerase chain reaction results) were compared between those who received a third dose with those who did not during August–October 2021 (maximum, 70 days). Crude VE was 92.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.6%–93.2%) and adjusted VE was 89.1% (95% CI, 87.5%–90.5%). We conclude that the third dose provides added protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection for those vaccinated 6 months ago.
Anxiety and the Onset of COVID-19: Examining Concerns of Historically Excluded Scholars
Authors: Ramos Jennifer M , Elliott Jamie Scalera , Fattore Christina , Breuning Marijke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic increased uncertainty, leading to questions about how it spread, how long it would last, and its long-term effects. In academia, many scholars worried about their positions and career advancement. Our research focuses on how different groups within academia coped during the initial period of the pandemic, with particular attention paid to the role of anxiety. We argue that vulnerable groups, such as historically excluded individuals, graduate students, and women, felt even higher levels of anxiety. We use original survey data collected from international relations and political science scholars during May 2020. We content analyze open-ended responses to illustrate the impacts of the pandemic on our participants’ work life, including research productivity, the job market, promotion, and tenure. These analyses reveal not only what different groups of scholars are concerned about, but also the different ways in which they discuss the pandemic. Our research aims to highlight the social and mental health effects of the pandemic, with an eye toward addressing inequalities in academia.
Effects of graded inclusion levels of raw garbanzo beans on apparent total tract digestibility, fecal quality, and fecal fermentative end-products and microbiota in extruded feline diets
Authors: Reilly Lauren M , He Fei , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra L , Southey Bruce R , Hoke Jolene M , Davenport Gary M , de Godoy Maria R C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Garbanzo beans (GB; Cicer arietinum) are a readily available pulse crop that have gained popularity as a plant-based protein source in the pet food industry. However, raw GB contain anti-nutritional factors that can reduce digestibility and cause digestive upsets in pets that are undesirable to owners. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the inclusion of raw or cooked GB in extruded feline diets on macronutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal tolerance, and fermentative end-products in cats. Five diets were formulated to contain raw GB at 0%, 7.5%, 15%, or 30% or cooked GB at 30%. Ten adult, male cats (mean age: 1.0 ± 0.0 yr, mean BW: 4.7 ± 0.4 kg) were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. Each period consisted of 14 d, with 10 d of diet adaptation followed by 4 d of total fecal and urine collection. At the end of each period, 4 mL of blood were collected and analyzed for a serum chemistry and complete blood count to ensure all animals remained healthy throughout the study. Cats were fed twice daily and food intake was calculated to maintain body weight. Food intake was highest (P &lt; 0.05) for cats fed 0% raw GB (72.2 g/d, dry matter basis [DMB]) compared with GB inclusions of 7.5% or greater (average 70.3 g/d, DMB). Dry matter and organic matter apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) were lowest (P &lt; 0.05) for cats consuming the 30% cooked GB diet (77.3% and 81.7%, respectively). Cats fed 7.5% raw GB had greater (P &lt; 0.05) crude protein ATTD (86.2%) than cats fed 15% raw GB (82.3%) or 30% cooked GB (81.6%). Total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were highest (P &lt; 0.05) for 30% cooked GB at 682 μmol/g but not different (P &gt; 0.05) than 15% GB (528 μmol/g) or 30% raw GB (591 μmol/g) diets. In terms of fecal microbial abundance, the predominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria. Cats fed the 0% GB diet had a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes (62.1%) and Fusobacteria (4.0%) than the remaining diets (average 54% and 1.6%, respectively). In conclusion, all inclusion levels of raw GB resulted in high digestibility (average &gt; 80%) and ideal fecal scores (average 2.9), demonstrating their adequacy as a protein source in feline diets up to a 30% inclusion level.
Genetic inbreeding depression load for fertility traits in Pura Raza Española mares
Authors: Perdomo-González Davinia I , Molina Antonio , Sánchez-Guerrero María J , Bartolomé Ester , Varona Luis , Valera Mercedes 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fertility is a key factor in the economic success of horse farms. However, it has received little attention due to the difficulty of measuring fertility objectively. Since its studbook creation (1912), the Pura Raza Española (PRE) breed has been a closed population and become high in-bred resulting in inbreeding depression (poor phenotypic values). Nevertheless, heterogeneous effects of inbreeding depression have been detected among founders and nonfounders. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the genetic parameters for reproductive traits in mares of the PRE horse breed and (2) to estimate, for the first time, the inbreeding depression load associated with common ancestors of the breed. A total of 22,799 mares were analyzed. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.05 (interval between first and second foaling) to 0.16 (age at first foaling), whereas inbreeding depression load ratios ranged from 0.06 (parturition efficiency at 6th foaling) to 0.17 (age at first foaling), for a partial inbreeding coefficient of 10%. Although heritability is related to the variability expressed in the population, inbreeding depression load ratios measure the potential variability, whether expressed in the population or not. Most correlations between additive and inbreeding depression load genetic values were significant (P &lt; 0.001) and of low to moderate magnitude. Our results confirm that individual inbreeding depression loads allow us to select horses that have a genetic value resistant to the deleterious effects of inbreeding.
Massive Pediatric Burn Injury: A 10-Year Review
Authors: Martens Sally , Romanowksi Kathleen , Palmieri Tina , Greenhalgh David , Sen Soman 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Advances in the care of burn-injured pediatric patients have improved mortality over the last 20 years. However, massive burn injuries (50% TBSA or greater) in pediatric patients, while overall rare, have a significant morbidity and mortality. The primary aim for this study is to analyze treatment and outcomes in massive pediatric burn injuries. A retrospective study of children with burn injuries 50% TBSA or greater who were admitted to Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, from May 1, 2009 to May 22, 2020, was conducted. Data were collected from the electronic health records through a comprehensive chart review that included: patient demographics, past medical history, treatment interventions, and outcomes. This study included 69 patients (59.4% male) with a mean age of 8.7 ± 6 years. The median time from injury to admission was 2 (1–4) days. In this study, 63.8% of patients were from Mexico, 34.8% were from the United States, and 1% patient was from American Samoa. The median time from injury to admission was 2 (1−4) days. Mean TBSA was 66% ± 12%. The median TBSA of second-degree burns was 0 (0–6) %, and the mean TBSA of third-degree burns was 60% ± 16%. Forty percent of patients suffered an inhalation injury and 83% of patients received a tracheostomy. The median number of days requiring ventilator assistance was 26 (12–58) days. Mean length of hospitalization was 90 ± 60 days, with 61 ± 41 days spent in the intensive care unit. The mean number of surgical procedures was 6 ± 4. The time between surgical procedures was 12 ± 6 days. The median time from admission to the first surgical procedure was 1 (0–2) day. At the first procedure, a mean of 42% ± 15% TBSA of the burn injury was excised. Sixty-two percent of patients received autografting (22% ± 11% TBSA) and 52% of patients received allografting (27% ± 17% TBSA) during the first procedure. For survivors, the median number of inpatient occupational therapy encounters was 143.5 (83–215) and inpatient physical therapy encounters was 139.5 (81–215). Twenty-five percent of the patients included in this study died as a result of their burn injury. Multivariate regression revealed that sustaining an inhalation injury was a significant and independent predictor of death (odds ratio: 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.05 to 11, P = .04). Massive burn injuries in children required a very high number of surgical procedures and hospital resources. Most children who died as a result of their massive burn injury died within the first month of admission. Inhalation independently increases the risk of dying in pediatric patients with a massive burn injury.
Utilization of Acupuncture and Herbal Ointment Instead of Skin Graft Surgery for the Treatment of Burn Injuries: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Kang Byungsoo , Sul Jae-Uk , Jeon Sangho , Cheon Seunghun , Leem Jungtae , Jo Seongjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Skin graft surgery is a standard treatment that increases the survival rate of patients with burn injuries; however, it leaves many sequelae. Conventional external preparations for the treatment of burns also have various side effects. In this retrospective case study, we assessed the cases of four patients with topical third-degree burns who did not wish to undergo the skin graft surgeries recommended by medical doctors and were thus treated using traditional medicine alone. A Korean medicine doctor administered integrative traditional medicine treatment to the patients using acupuncture and herbal ointments. Analysis of the patients’ treatment photographs, quantitative evaluation indices, and vivid narratives suggested that their skin recovered well without adverse effects. Traditional Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture and herbal ointment treatment, can be a new alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with topical burns who do not want to undergo skin graft surgery or who have higher risks for poor surgical outcomes.
Examination of Health Information Needs of Caregivers of and Individuals with Burn Injuries
Authors: Jones Tammie M , Bhanji Alaanah , Ahuja Geeta , Bakhtari Ramez , Cai Xinsheng “Cindy” , Garfinkel Steven , Gerber Lynn , Weinstein Ali A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Burns are a leading cause of trauma worldwide with about 450,000 burn injuries being treated at medical facilities in the United States each year. Finding relevant information on the long-term consequences of burn injuries is a significant challenge for many individuals with burn injuries and their caregivers. This qualitative study aimed to identify how individuals with burn injuries and caregivers of individuals with burn injuries prefer to access and use health information, identify obstacles to accessing useful information, and identify information most needed by burn survivors and caregivers. Participants were recruited through hospital listservs, websites, social media, and word of mouth from across the United States. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 individuals, 12 with burn injuries and 11 caregivers of individuals with burn injuries. Three specific needs were identified: (1) more direction from health professionals in finding health information relevant to burn injuries; (2) more internet-based access points that connect individuals to appropriate support networks; and (3) more support for long-term consequences of burn injuries, specifically with psychological, social, and other chronic physical issues. Participants identified various needs in finding relevant health information, thereby highlighting gaps in current literature and the dissemination of current literature. One potential way to address these deficiencies is to consider user-centered design principles in developing research, by more directly involving individuals with burn injuries and caregivers as part of the research team.
Screening Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Radiation Dose Among Patients With Breast Implants
Authors: Vu Nhu Q , Bice Curran , Garrett John , Longhurst Colin , Belden Daryn , Haerr Carolyn , Prue Lucinda , Woods Ryan W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To compare the mean glandular dose (MGD), cancer detection rate (CDR), and recall rate (RR) among screening examinations of patients with breast implants utilizing various digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)-based imaging protocols.

Methods
This IRB-approved retrospective study included 1998 women with breast implants who presented for screening mammography between December 10, 2013, and May 29, 2020. Images were obtained using various protocol combinations of DBT and 2D digital mammography. Data collected included MGD, implant type and position, breast density, BI-RADS final assessment category, CDR, and RR. Statistical analysis utilized type II analysis of variance and the chi-square test.

Results
The highest MGD was observed in the DBT only protocol, while the 2D only protocol had the lowest (10.29 mGy vs 5.88 mGy, respectively). Statistically significant difference in MGD was observed across protocols (P &lt; 0.0001). The highest per-view MGD was among DBT full-field (FF) views in both craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections (P &lt; 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in RR among protocols (P = 0.17). The combined 2D (FF only) + DBT implant-displaced (ID) views protocol detected the highest number of cancers (CDR, 7.2 per 1000), but this was not significantly different across protocols (P = 0.48).

Conclusion
The combination of 2D FF views and DBT ID views should be considered for women with breast implants in a DBT-based screening practice when aiming to minimize radiation exposure without compromising the sensitivity of cancer detection. Avoidance of DBT FF in this patient population is recommended to minimize radiation dose.
Chronobiological Effect on the Reproductive Behavior of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Chen Feng-Hsuan , Shiao Shiuh-Feng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The most widely used entomological method of determining the time since death (minimum postmortem interval, mPMI) has been calculating the developmental time of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on the deceased body. However, because blow flies are known to be diurnal, nocturnal oviposition has been excluded from standard mPMI calculations. This has been challenged by recent studies demonstrating nocturnal oviposition due to an unknown reason. Therefore, this study investigated the role of chronobiology. We recorded the locomotion amount and pattern of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) under different chronobiological conditions and examined whether Ch. megacephala can oviposit under nighttime conditions in field and laboratory settings. Subjects were found to have a daily activity pattern under normal darkness conditions (12:12 L:D) and under continuous darkness (DD), but they exhibited no pattern under continuous light (LL). Free-running period was approximately 1,341 min/d (22.35 h/d). In the field, no flies were observed during nighttime. Oviposition occurred in the laboratory setting during daytime with no lights and during nighttime with artificial lights. Free-running subjects oviposited in both active and resting periods, with more eggs laid during active than resting periods. The result of this study indicates it is possible to induce oviposition behavior during evening hours on Ch. megacephala. However, this was only observed in the laboratory setting and could only happen during the flies’ subjective day.