bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrosprayed chitosan‐coated alginate–pectin beads as potential system for colon‐targeted delivery of ellagic acid
Authors: Karakas Canan Y , Ordu Hatice R , Bozkurt Fatih , Karadag Ayse 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEllagic acid (EA), a potent dietary antioxidant, has limited bioavailability owing to its rapid absorption in the stomach and small intestine, and EA is transformed to more bioavailable compounds – urolithins – in the colon. An encapsulation system that sustains the release of EA in the gastrointestinal system and delivers more EA into the colon could improve the oral bioavailability of EA. Electrosprayed EA‐loaded alginate–pectin beads were produced and coated with low‐ (LC) and high‐molecular‐weight chitosan (HC). The EA release from uncoated and coated beads under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated. The samples were characterized by particle size, gel strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis.RESULTSThe encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of EA ranged from 49.53% to 69.85% for uncoated beads, which was elevated up to 86.50% by coating, and LC coating provided higher EE%. Pectin addition to alginate and chitosan coating reduced the gel strength and changed the size depending on the molecular weight of chitosan. SEM images of pectin‐added beads showed fewer cracks but more wrinkles, and chitosan coating presented more aggregated surfaces. The ionic interaction of alginate–pectin–chitosan and the entrapment of EA were confirmed by FTIR. In the gastric medium, EA release was very low from uncoated beads (15.2–19.8%), and totally restricted by chitosan coating. In the intestinal stage, EA release from LC‐coated alginate–pectin beads was only 18%, and it was between 55% and 65% for uncoated or HC‐coated counterparts.CONCLUSIONThe LC‐coated alginate–pectin beads could be further explored as a potential system for colon‐targeted delivery of EA. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of key phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant activities of free and bound fractions of blackberry varieties' extracts by boosted regression trees
Authors: Gong Er Sheng , Li Bin , Li Binxu , Podio Natalia S , Chen Hongyu , Li Tong , Sun Xiyun , Gao Ningxuan , Wu Wenlong , Yang Tianran , Xin Guang , Tian Jinlong , Si Xu , Liu Changjiang , Zhang Jiyue , Liu Rui Hai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFree fractions of different blackberry varieties' extracts are high in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities. However, the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities against peroxyl radicals of bound fractions of different blackberry varieties' extracts have not been previously reported. In addition, what the key antioxidant phenolic compounds are in free and bound fractions of blackberry extracts remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of free and bound fractions of eight blackberry varieties' extracts and reveal the key antioxidant phenolic compounds by boosted regression trees.RESULTSFifteen phenolics (three anthocyanins, four flavonols, three phenolic acids, two proanthocyanidins, and three ellagitannins) were identified in blackberry by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Ferulic acid, ellagic acid, procyanidin C1, kaempferol‐O‐hexoside, ellagitannins hex, and gallic acid were major bound phenolics. Bound fractions of eight blackberry varieties' extracts were high in phenolics and showed great antioxidant activity. Boosted regression trees analysis showed that cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and chlorogenic acid were the most significant compounds, contributing 48.4% and 15.9% respectively to the antioxidant activity of free fraction. Ferulic acid was the most significant antioxidant compound in bound fraction, with a contribution of 61.5%. Principal component analysis showed that Kiowa was the best among the eight varieties due to its phenolic profile and antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that blackberry varieties contained high amounts of bound phenolics, which confer health benefits through reducing oxidative stress. Ferulic acid was the key compound to explain the antioxidant activities of bound fractions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Drug‐Eluting Endotracheal Tubes for Preventing Bacterial Inflammation in Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Aronson Matthew R. , Ali Akbari Ghavimi Soheila , Gehret Paul M. , Jacobs Ian N. , Gottardi Riccardo 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisSubglottic stenosis (SGS) results from dysregulated extracellular matrix deposition by laryngotracheal fibroblasts causing scar tissue formation following intubation. Recent work has highlighted a relationship between this inflammatory state and imbalances in the upper airway microbiome. Herein, we engineer novel drug‐eluting endotracheal (ET) tubes to deliver a model antimicrobial peptide Lasioglossin‐III (Lasio) for the local modulation of the microbiome during intubation.Study DesignControlled in vitro study.MethodsET tubes were coated with a water‐in‐oil (w/o) emulsion of Lasio in poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) by dipping thrice. Peptide release was quantified over 2 weeks via fluorometric peptide assays. The antibacterial activity was tested against airway microbes (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and pooled human microbiome samples) by placing Lasio/PLGA‐coated tubes and appropriate controls in 48 well plates with diluted bacteria. Bacterial inhibition and tube adhesion were tested by measuring optical density and colony formation after tube culture, respectively. Biocompatibility was tested against laryngotracheal fibroblasts and lung epithelial cells.ResultsWe achieved a homogeneous coating of ET tubes with Lasio in a PLGA matrix that yields a prolonged, linear release over 1 week (typical timeframe before the ET tube is changed). We observed significant antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, and human microbiome samples, and prevention of bacterial adherence to the tube. Additionally, the released Lasio did not cause any cytotoxicity toward laryngotracheal fibroblasts or lung epithelial cells in vitro.ConclusionOverall, we demonstrate the design of an effective‐eluting ET tube to modulate upper‐airway bacterial infections during intubation which could be deployed to help prevent SGS.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1356–1363, 2022
Earlier ice breakup induces changepoint responses in duration and variability of spring mixing and summer stratification in dimictic lakes
Authors: Pilla Rachel M. , Williamson Craig E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReductions in ice cover duration and earlier ice breakup are two of the most prevalent responses to climate warming in lakes in recent decades. In dimictic lakes, the subsequent periods of spring mixing and summer stratification are both likely to change in response to these phenological changes in ice cover. Here, we used a modeling approach to simulate the effect of changes in latitude on long‐term trends in duration of ice cover, spring mixing, and summer stratification by “moving” a well‐studied lake across a range of latitudes in North America (35.2°N to 65.7°N). We found a changepoint relationship between the timing of ice breakup vs. spring mixing duration on 09 May. When ice breakup occurred before 09 May, which routinely occurred at latitudes < 47°N, spring mixing was longer and more variable; when ice breakup occurred after 09 May at latitudes > 47°N, spring mixing averaged 1 day with low variability. In contrast, the duration of summer stratification showed a relatively slower rate of increase when ice breakup occurred before 09 May (< 47°N) compared to a 109% faster rate of increase when ice breakup was after 09 May (> 47°N). Projected earlier ice breakup can result in important nonlinear changes in the relative duration of spring mixing and summer stratification, which can lead to mixing regime shifts that influence the severity of oxygen depletion differentially across latitudes.
Effect of surface Volta potential of Cr‐containing steel on uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion
Authors: Yuan Rui , Gu Yang , Wu Huibin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of 5.5%Cr–8.5%Cr steels in a CO2 environment was studied. To clarify the effect of Volta potential on uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion, weight loss test, electrochemical measurement, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, confocal laser scanning microscope, and scanning Kelvin probe force microscope were conducted. The results show that there is a linear relationship between the surface potential of the steel substrate and the self‐corrosion potential. The increase of the Cr content reduces the surface potential and increases the self‐corrosion potential, reducing the thermodynamic tendency of corrosion. The Al‐oxide inclusions show lower potential than the substrate, and their sensitivity to pitting corrosion is affected by the potential difference with the substrate. The larger the potential difference, the easier it is tantamount to induce pitting corrosion.
Fundamental solutions to the transversely isotropic poroelastodynamics Mandel's problem
Authors: Liu Chao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany geomaterials, such as shale, and biomaterials, including human bone and cartilage, are anisotropic. Understanding the dynamic responses of such anisotropic porous media is essential in field operations and laboratory measurements. This paper presents analytical solutions to the transversely isotropic poroelastodynamics Mandel's problem, using the Fourier transform method and Cardano formula to solve coupled six‐order partial differential equations. Potential applications of the solutions include explaining coupled fluid‐solid dynamics, validating numerical algorithms, and interpreting dynamic responses of anisotropic porous media. As an example, we apply the solutions to simulate a fluid‐saturated transversely isotropic Trafalgar shale specimen subjected to harmonic excitation. The simulation shows that pore pressure builds up as frequency increases. The buildup occurs at a lower frequency for a lower horizontal permeability. The amount of pore pressure buildup due to the Mandel‐Cryer effect is sensitive to material anisotropy. The porous material's effective stiffness reaches its periodic minimum and maximum at the resonant and anti‐resonant frequencies controlled by mechanical anisotropy and pore fluid.
Exploring illness identity among children and youth living with cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Posa Stephanie , Moola Fiona J. , McPherson Amy C. , Kontos Pia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren and youth with cancer may find it challenging to integrate illness into their pre‐existing identity—a phenomenon known as illness identity. In this critical narrative review, we explored illness identity among children and youth with cancer.MethodsThree academic databases were searched. Twenty‐two articles were included in this review and each underwent thematic analysis.ResultsCancer has both positive and negative influences on the identities of children and youth. Illness identity is expressed creatively through various communicative outlets. Further, external processes such as social support may influence cancer identity. A few studies cited cancer as a hindrance to adult identity development.ConclusionsCancer has a profound impact on identity formation among children and youth. Many normative assumptions about time, identity, and child and youth development underlie the existing literature. Future researchers may adopt a critical lens to be inclusive of diverse identity experiences among children and youth with cancer.
Fluid overload and acute kidney injury in children with tumor lysis syndrome
Authors: Flood Kayla , Rozmus Jacob , Skippen Peter , Matsell Douglas G. , Mammen Cherry 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a common oncologic emergency among patients with pediatric hematologic malignancies. The mainstay of TLS management is aggressive intravenous hydration. However, the epidemiology of fluid overload (FO) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in this population is understudied. In this study, we aimed to describe the incidence, severity, and complications of FO and AKI among pediatric patients with TLS.MethodsWe completed a single‐center retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with a new diagnosis of hematologic malignancy over a 10‐year period. Patients with TLS were analyzed in two groups based on the severity of AKI and FO. Charts were reviewed for complications associated with AKI and FO including hypoxemia, mechanical ventilation, hyponatremia, pulmonary edema, pediatric intensive care (PICU) admission, and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).ResultsWe analyzed 56 patients with TLS for FO and AKI. We found severe FO (≥10%) occurred in 35.7% (n = 20). PICU admission occurred in 35% of patients with severe FO compared to 8.3% in those with mild/moderate FO <10% (p = .013). Complications of hypoxemia (30% vs. 5.6%, p = .012) and pulmonary edema (25% vs. 2.8%, p = .010) were more common among those with severe FO. AKI occurred in 37.5% (n = 21) patients and resulted in a significant increase in PICU admission and requirement for RRT (p = .001 and <.001, respectively).ConclusionOur results show FO and AKI are common, and often unrecognized complications of TLS associated with increased morbidity. Prospective, multicenter studies are needed to further dissect the burden of FO and AKI within this vulnerable population.
Unresectable thoracic neuroblastic tumors: Changes in image‐defined risk factors after chemotherapy and impact on surgical management
Authors: Delforge Xavier , De Cambourg Pauline , Defachelles Anne‐Sophie , Haffreingue Aurore , Rod Julien , Kassite Ibtissam , Chabani Nassima , Lauriot‐Dit‐Prevost Arthur , Gourmel Antoine , Arnaud Alexis , Duchesne Camille , Thebaud Estelle , Leclair Marc‐David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeNeuroblastoma management in children is multimodal and depends on multiple factors, including the possibility of complete surgical resection. Image‐defined risk factors (IDRFs) are used to assess the feasibility of primary surgery. We studied the changes in IDRFs after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for thoracic neurogenic tumors.MethodsWe performed a multicenter review of 27 patients presenting with unresectable thoracic neurogenic tumors. Patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, according to their risk group. IDRF at diagnosis and before surgery were retrospectively analyzed by a radiologist and a surgeon, blind to the initial assessment. Surgical and oncologic outcomes were reviewed.ResultsNone of the patients presented MYCN amplification, and 78 IDRFs were identified at diagnosis. Vascular IDRFs were the most frequent, with 28 vascular IDRFs detected in 18 patients, 22 of which disappeared after chemotherapy. Reductions of tumor volume were associated with a regression of IDRFs. Patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery had smaller tumor volumes than those undergoing open surgery, and no vascular IDRF. Two patients received two additional courses of chemotherapy to reduce tumor volume sufficiently for surgery. One patient with ganglioneuroblastoma underwent early surgery due to a lack of response to initial chemotherapy.ConclusionTumor volume reduction with neoadjuvant chemotherapy eliminates most IDRF in thoracic neurogenic tumors. Vascular IDRF are rapidly resolved at this site, making surgical resection and minimally invasive surgery possible.
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease with TAFRO clinical subtype responsive to IL‐6/JAK inhibition: A pediatric case series
Authors: Lust Hannah , Gong Shunyou , Remiker Allison , Rossoff Jenna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTAFRO (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever/elevated C‐reactive protein, reticulin myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly) clinical subtype of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD‐TAFRO) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease characterized by systemic inflammation. First‐line treatment for iMCD‐TAFRO includes steroids and interleukin (IL)‐6 blockade. Many patients have refractory disease, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and treatment remains challenging. We present two pediatric cases of iMCD‐TAFRO. One patient responded to IL‐6 blockade; the other was refractory to siltuximab and chemotherapy, ultimately responding to JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib. This is the first reported pediatric case of refractory iMCD‐TAFRO responding to JAK inhibition.
Multifunctional nickel‐coated carbon fiber veil for improving both fracture toughness and electrical performance of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates
Authors: Liu Hui , Guo Yunli , Zhou Yong , Wan Guoshun , Chen Zhongli , Jia Yuxi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe poor lightning strike resistance limits the application of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in aircraft. Multifunctional fiber composites can reduce lightning strike damage by improving interlaminar mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. In this study, nickel‐coated carbon fiber (NiCF) veil was explored as a functional interleaf of CFRP composites to simultaneously improve the interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC by 74.75% and GIIC by 36.22%) and through‐thickness electrical conductivity (by 220.49%). The toughening mechanisms of NiCF veils mainly include the pull‐out, debonding, and breakage of NiCFs, as well as peeling and splitting of nickel coating. The improvement of conductivity is mainly attributed to the increase of conductive paths. Furthermore, the NiCF veil‐interleaved laminates still maintained relatively high‐electrical conductivity after delamination, which was formulated as a structure–function relationship expression. The interesting finding is beneficial to lightning protection, especially for damaged composites. The NiCF veil is a potential interleaf for structure–function integration of composites, and has the potential to suppress lightning damage to aerostructures.
Mechano‐opticalbehavior in poly (ethylene terephthalate)/poly (ether imide) blends
Authors: Mutlu Zeynep , Jain Mayank , Yook Sung Ho , Cakmak Mukerrem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMechano‐optical behavior and related structural evolution during uniaxial stretching of melt miscible poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly (ether imide) (PEI) blends were studied near their glass transition temperature using an instrumented machine that measures true stress, true strain and spectral birefringence simultaneously. Stretching from amorphous state, two distinct stress‐optical regimes were observed at temperatures between Tgand Tcc(cold crystallization). Near Tg, a typical photoelastic behavior persists until a critical temperature above which temperature independent initial stress optical behavior is observed. At those temperatures above Tg, where glassy behavior is observed, decreasing stretching rate was also found to eliminate this glassy photo elastic regime leading to the observation of a linear initial stress optical behavior that becomes temperature independent as expected from linear stress optical rule. Increasing PEI concentration in the blends suppresses crystallizability and increases temperature at which initial elastic region disappears giving way to pure liquid behavior where linear stress optical behavior is observed. This is attributed to the increase and broadening of the glass transition temperature with the addition of noncrystallizable PEI. In PET/PEI blends, the stress‐optical coefficient (SOC), determined in a linear stress optical regime, was found to increase linearly with the increase in PEI concentration.
Low volatile monofunctional reactive diluents for radiation curable formulations
Authors: Kury Markus , Ehrmann Katharina , Harakály György Attila , Gorsche Christian , Liska Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the last decades the importance of UV curable formulations has increased continuously. Their fast curing speed, solvent‐free polymerization conditions, and the formation of hard and highly crosslinked photopolymer networks represent major benefits. Commercial UV resins generally consist of multi‐functional vinyl oligomers, photoinitiators, additives, and reactive diluents. Mono‐ and multi‐functional reactive diluents serve as thinners to lower the overall resin viscosity and to improve processability. However, many monofunctional reactive diluents like isobornyl (meth)acrylate or benzyl (meth)acrylate exhibit high volatility, often already at room temperature. This causes adverse effects such as unpleasant odor, potential health risks, and changing resin composition during processing. A new group of monomers that show high potential for replacing traditional highly volatile reactive diluents are salicylate (meth)acrylates. In this work, salicylate‐based thinners are synthesized, polymerized, and characterized with respect to their viscosity, volatility, thermal stability, photoreactivity, and thermomechanical properties of their homopolymers. Additionally, a first example of their diluting effect in a highly viscous difunctional polyester urethane methacrylate is demonstrated with 30 wt% of a cycloaliphatically and an aromatically substituted salicylate methacrylate. The polymers of the diluted resin exhibit similarly high glass transition temperatures of 110 and 126 °C, which are in the range of the polymers of the undiluted resin.
Reducing pesticide spraying drift by folate/Zn2+ supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Song Yuying , Zhu Feng , Cao Chong , Cao Lidong , Li Fengmin , Zhao Pengyue , Huang Qiliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to use folic acid and zinc nitrate to construct a biocompatible supramolecular hydrogel loaded with the herbicide dicamba as an ultra‐low‐volume spray formulation. The drift potential of the hydrogel was studied by simulating the field environment in a wind tunnel.RESULTSThe three‐dimensional network structure of the successfully prepared dicamba hydrogel system was observed using cryo‐scanning electron microscopy. A rheological study of the dicamba hydrogel showed that it has shear‐thinning and self‐healing properties. Using a laser particle size analyzer, it was shown that the droplet size of the dicamba gel (approximately 100 μm) was significantly larger than that of the control group water and dicamba–KOH droplets. Droplet collectors and water‐sensitive papers were arranged in the wind tunnel to evaluate the drift‐reduction performance of the dicamba gel. Compared with dicamba–KOH aqueous solution, dicamba gel has a good effect in reducing drift.CONCLUSIONThis hydrogel containing no organic solvents showed biocompatibility and biodegradability due to its natural and readily available raw materials. The main way in which hydrogels reduce drift is by increasing the droplet size and this is due to the three‐dimensional network structure inside the gel. This research provides a new strategy to reduce spray drift from the perspective of pesticide formulation, and also has prospects for the application of supramolecular hydrogels in agriculture.