bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fænomenologi og antropocentrisme
Authors: Knudsen Nicolai Krejberg 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY: This article poses the question: Is phenomenology anthropocentric? In the first half, I show that both Husserl’s and Heidegger’s philosophy take their point departure in the relation between the human being and the world, but that they both also argue that their respective analysis transcends the horizon of anthropology by inquiring into meaning or being as such. I then distinguish between ontological, epistemological, and ethical anthropocentrism and argue that these forms of anthropocentrism do not necessarily imply each other. In the next half, I focus on Heidegger’s analysis of the animal. I argue that Heidegger’s philosophy is ontologically anthropocentric but neither epistemologically nor ethically anthropocentric. In opposition to posthumanism, my thesis is that the particular kind of ontological anthropocentrism that characterise Heidegger and phenomenology is a presupposition rather than an obstacle for the capacity for understanding and caring for other creatures. I call this position anthropoeccentrism.
RESUME: Denne artikel stiller spørgsmålet: Er fænomenologien antropocentrisk? I den første halvdel viser jeg, at både Husserls og Heideggers filosofi ganske vist tager udgangspunkt i menneskets forhold til verden, men at de begge mener, at deres respektive analyser overskrider antropologiens spørgehorisont ved at spørge om mening eller væren som sådan. Dernæst skelner jeg mellem ontologisk, epistemologisk, og etisk antropocentrisme og argumenterer for, at disse former for antropocentrisme ikke nødvendigvis følger af hinanden. I den næste halvdel fokuserer jeg på Heideggers analyse af dyret. Jeg argumenterer for, at Heideggers filosofi er ontologisk antropocentrisk, men hverken epistemologisk eller etisk antropocentrisk. I modsætning til posthumanismen er min tese, at den særlige form for ontologisk antropocentrisme, der kendetegner Heidegger og fænomenologien, er en forudsætning snarere end en forhindring for evnen til at kunne forstå og drage omsorg for andre væsner. Denne position kalder jeg for antropoexcentrisme.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Mauritsen Anne Lundahl , Poulsen Frederik , Borup Jørn 
Published: August 2021

Annmeldelser til RvT 71:
Erika Wallander: Unity, Division and the Religious Mainstream in Sweden (Anne Lundahl Mauritsen)
Tero Alstola: Judeans in Babylonia: A Study of Deportees in the Sixth and Fifth Centuries BCE (Frederik Poulsen)
Iselin Frydenlund & Michael Jerryson: Buddhist-Muslim Relations in a Theravada World (Jørn Borup)
Dyrenes betydning i religion og filosofi – en oversigt
Authors: Albinus Lars 
Published: August 2021

English abstract: In this article, I present an overview of the meaning and significance of animals in a religious context, ranging from tribal cultures to a Christian tradition. Furthermore, I will draw a line to current philosophical and eco-critical debates. My thesis is that in many cultures humans have had a tendency to regard animals as a mediating link between life in this world and a transcendent form of being. In animistic and totemistic ontologies animals are closely related to divinities as well as to humanity as such, whereas in more developed forms of religion they become part of a hierarchy as mediators between humans and gods. This is seen, for instance, in sacrificial cults. Later their significance decreases according to their predominant role of being moral similes. In our own times, however, animals seem to regain a significance as beings in their own right owing to our increasing ecological awareness. Prominent philosophers such as Derrida and Agamben have thus questioned the traditional view of human exceptionalism and opened up for a new understanding of the relationship between being animal and being human. I finally suggest that Agamben’s concept of ‘bare life’ and an eco-critical notion of stewardship concerning endangered species, as well as animals in general, both conceive of the animal as a new kind of immanent transcendence.
Dansk summary: Jeg tegner i denne artikel et omrids af dyrenes betydning i en religiøs kontekst (fra stammefolk til en kristen tradition) samt i en filosofisk og øko-kritisk optik. Min tese er, at dyrene i mange kulturer har ansporet mennesket til at se dem som bindeled mellem livet i denne verden og en transcendent væren. I animistiske og totemistiske ontologier er dyrene tæt forbundet med både mennesker og guder, hvorimod de i de arkaiske religioner indgår i et hierarki, hvor de, blandt andet gennem ofringer, udgør den medierende instans mellem mennesker og guder. Senere antager de hovedsagelig en metaforisk betydning som moralske sindbilleder. Vores egen tid oplever en stigende økologisk bevidsthed om dyrenes egen-værdi, og markante filosoffer som Derrida og Agamben har stillet spørgsmål ved den traditionelle grænse mellem dyr og mennesker, som antropocentrismen har levet højt på i århundreder. Jeg hævder i den forbindelse, at der hersker en indbyrdes forbindelse mellem Agambens begreb om det nøgne liv og en øko-kritisk omsorg for dyret, som gør det til en ny form for immanent transcendens.
Hvilken fagkompetanse kan ergoterapeuter tilføre FACT-team i oppfølgingen av personer med alvorlig psykisk lidelse?
Authors: Neverdal Katrine , Pinxsterhuis Irma 
Published: August 2021

«Flexible Assertive Community Treatment» (FACT) ble utviklet for oppfølging av personer med alvorlig psykisk lidelse. Ergoterapeuter blir ikke nevnt som yrkesgruppe i FACT-håndboken, men noen team har likevel ansatt ergoterapeut. Hensikten med denne studien var å belyse hvordan ergoterapeuter beskriver at de bruker sin fagkompetanse i et FACT-team. Individuelle intervjuer ble gjennomført med seks ergoterapeuter. Tematisk analyse ble anvendt. Resultatene viser at informantene bruker sin fagkompetanse gjennom fremming av meningsfulle aktiviteter, kartlegging av aktivitetsutførelse og fokus på omgivelsenes betydning for aktivitetsutførelse og deltakelse. Ergoterapeutenes tilnærmingsmåter er i tråd med målene og prinsippene i FACT-modellen. Studien tyder på at ergoterapeuters fagkompetanse kan bidra til å styrke FACT-teamene.
What competence can occupational therapists add to FACT-teams in treatment of persons with severe mental illness?
- a qualitative study
Abstract
«Flexible Assertive Community Treatment» (FACT) has been developed to provide treatment services for persons with severe mental illness. Occupational therapists (OTs) are not mentioned in the FACT-handbook as part of the FACT-team, but some teams have included OTs. The aim of the study was to explore how OTs describe the usage of their professional expertise in FACT-teams. Individual interviews were conducted with six OTs and analysed using thematic analysis. The OTs appeared to utilise their expertise through enabling meaningful activities, assessment of activity performance, and by emphasizing the influence of environments on occupational performance and participation. Their approaches correspond with the goals and principles of FACT. This study indicates that OTs may strengthen FACT-teams.
Ternary Mathematics and 3D Placement of Logical Elements Justification
Authors: Pozinkevych Ruslan 
Published: August 2021

Aims/ Objectives: The research presented in the following application aims to prove use of Ternary Maths for calculating machines and to simplify the process of calculating In it we will try to justify the use of triplets and describe how it works.
An earlier research presented in “Logical Principles in Ternary Mathematics” [1,2,3] shows that we can transit from one expression of a number such as a "component form" to another, e.g a decimal, or still another, that is it’s vector form [4]. The aim of our further research is to explain why we associate Triplets of numbers in such choice {-1,0,1} and not the numbers 1,2,3 for example, or a set {1,2,3} The explanation seems obvious as a set of decimal numbers consists of 10 entries not 3 At the same time we have to prove that the mentioned set of triplets is a unique and the only one to be used as a Ternary Set or a base, as we might call it, for our calculating machines.
Hydro-Alcoholic Root Extracts of Ziziphus abyssinica is Effective in Diabetes Nephropathy and Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Akwetey Samuel A. , Aidoo Douglas B. , Ahlidja Wisdom , Boafo Bright B. , Acquah Joseph M. , Agyei Joshua F. , Bakoji Desmond , Okyir Portia A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: This study evaluated the potential of Ziziphus abysinnica root extract in managing hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic wound healing and diabetic nephropathy.
Methodology: Blood glucose concentrations were measured daily for 14 days after daily administrations of either Ziziphus abysinnica (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, p.o), metformin (300 mg/kg, p.o) or normal saline as negative control before diabetes induction using a single dose of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p) and nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p). Histopathological analysis was performed on the harvested kidneys following administration with Ziziphus abysinnica in diabetic rats. The diabetic wound healing potentials of the plant was also evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by treating them with 15%w/w ZAE ointment.
Results: Generally, the percentage of blood glucose levels analysed following administration of drugs were found to be dose-dependent. The highest dose of ZAE (300 mg/kg) had a higher percentage reduction in blood glucose concentration when compared to metformin (300 mg/kg). The lowest dose (30 mg/kg) of ZAE administered attenuated STZ induced pathological damage and showed moderate to maximal improvement to the kidney nephrons. In contrast, the 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg dose ZAE demonstrated minimal pathological changes to the kidney architecture.
Conclusion: Overall, our study demonstrated the antidiabetic potential of Ziziphus abysinnica, suggesting its possible therapeutic benefit in diabetic wound healing and diabetic nephropathy.
Evaluation of Inactivation Kinetics and Thermodynamic Properties of Peroxidase from Cucumis sativus for Biotechnological and Industrial Applications
Authors: Chukwunyere Iweha Christian , Ifeanyi Ugwoke Faith , Amaechi Ogara Lydia , Amuche Nweze Justus , Ejike Ogbonna Kenneth , Eluka Chinedum Patricia , Joseph Akor , Nwamaka Odu Maureen , Elijah Joshua Parker 
Published: August 2021

The unpurified enzyme gave specific activity of 51.36 μ/mg and thereafter it was subjected to two phases of purification process of salt precipitation and gel filtration. The precipitating agent was ammonium sulphate while Sephadex-G100 served as purification matrix. The purification fold achieved after precipitation and filtration was 3.3 and with corresponding specific activities of 34.22 μ/mg and 116.31 μ/mg. The substrate used for the assay was o-dianisidine. Within 40-80°C of temperature, the kinetics of the peroxidase inactivation was evaluated. The results from assays showed that cucumber peroxidase conformed to the hypothesis of Michealis-Menten Theory. From the Lineweaver-Burk plot, Michaelis Constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) were evaluated and obtained 5.02mg/ml and 11.57μmol/min respectively. The heat induced inactivation gave biphasic curves, where initial rise in temperature was rapidly succeeded with much slower decrease. A first-order kinetic behaviour was observed for cucumber peroxidase heat inactivation. The k values of between 3.49×10-2 to 8.38×10-2 min-1 was obtained while the Z value was found to be 22.3°C. Decrease in k values with rise in temperature suggests that cucumber peroxidase was rapidly inactivated at elevated temperature. The slope of Arrhenius plot gave the activation energy of 127.99KJMol-1K-1. Also evaluated were thermodynamic constants (ΔH, G Δ, ΔS) for inactivation of peroxidase at variable temperatures. Cucumber peroxidase activity was observed to be pH sensitive and stable within pH range of 5.6-8. Further decrease or increase from this range resulted to decrease in peroxidase stability.
Assessment of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Chicken Slaughtered in Creek Road Market, Port Harcourt
Authors: Kingsley Elele , Amudatu Adedokun Ambali 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the gastrointestinal parasites among slaughtered Chicken at Yam Zone Market, Creek Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Study Design: Gastrointestinal tracts of slaughtered chicken were collected weekly from a vendor. Each part of the GIT was emptied into separate vessel containing normal saline.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in a chicken market in Port Harcourt, Nigeria for a period of 4 months (January-April 2020).
Methodology: A total of 100 chickens (comprising of broilers and layers) of which samples were collected from their gastrointestinal tracts were examined using formol-ether concentration methods for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites.
Results: Eighty-four (84) parts of the gastrointestinal tracts accounted for 14.0% found to be infected with parasites. The gastrointestinal protozoan isolated is Eimeria spp (52.4%) while helminths species found were, Ascaridia galli (47.6%). There were no cestodes and trematodes identified.
Conclusion: Poultry management system needs to be improved with a viable biosecurity control strategy towards healthy production of livestock chickens for human consumption.
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Carica papaya Seed towards Lipid Profile on Rats Induced Rifampicin and Isoniazid
Authors: Liana . , Lister I. Nyoman Ehrich , Fachrial Edy , Adrian . 
Published: August 2021

Aims: Rifampicin one of the most commonly used front-line drugs in antituberculosis therapy, has been known to be hepatotoxic. The oxidative stress that is formed in the mitochondria due to rifampicin and isoniazid causes an imbalance in lipid metabolism. This study aims to determine the effect of lowering total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels and increasing HDL levels of papaya seed ethanol extract in rats induced by rifampin and isoniazid.
Study design: This study is experimental study.
Methodology: This study was divided into 9 groups including normal group, negative group 1, 2, 3, positive 1, 2, treatment group I (EECP 100 mg/kgbw), treatment group II (EECP 300 mg/kgbw), and treatment group III (EECP 500 mg/kgbw). Rifampicin (50 mg/kgbw), isoniazid (50 mg/kgbw), and EECP were given 28 days, on day 29 rats were dissected and blood was taken and the total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels were measured.
Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract of papaya seeds at a dose of 100 mg / kgbb, 300 mg / kgbb, and 500 mg / kgbw could reduce levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increase HDL levels. The dose of 500 mg / kgbw was not statistically significant (P> 0.05) with the normal group.
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Carica papaya has a potential effect of preventing the destruction of lipid metabolism effect by reducing the LDL, Trygliseride, Cholesterol Total, and increasing the level of HDL.
Association Between Pouchitis and Ulcerative Colitis–Related Gastroduodenitis After Restorative Proctocolectomy
Authors: Bando Toshihiro , Uchino Motoi , Takesue Yoshio , Hori Kazutoshi , Nakamura Shiro , Ikeuchi Hiroki 
Published: August 2021

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC)–related disorders, which include pouchitis and gastroduodenitis (GDUC), can develop even after restorative proctocolectomy (RPC). However, the etiology of and predictive factors for these disorders remain unclear.

Aim
We analyzed the incidence and associations between pouchitis and GDUC.

Methods
UC patients who underwent RPC at the Hyogo College of Medicine between 2009 and 2012 were included in this study. The postoperative results of examinations and the clinical courses were analyzed.

Results
A total of 122 patients examined by endoscopy after RPC out of 188 patients who underwent follow-up at the outpatient clinic were included. Pouchitis developed in 56 of 188 patients. The cumulative incidence of pouchitis was 32.1% at 5 years. GDUC was identified in 14 of 122 patients. In the Cox regression analyses, GDUC was selected as an independent predictive factor for pouchitis (hazard ratio, 2.32; P = 0.025).

Conclusion
An association between GDUC and pouchitis after RPC was found. However, this association should be evaluated in a further study because both complications might exist coincidentally as components of a systemic immune disorder, and the etiology of each complication should be determined.
Incarcerated 5-mm Port Site Hernia: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , Wing Gordon , Ho Yik-Hong 
Published: August 2021

Background
Port site hernias are a recognized complication of laparoscopic surgery and carry a high risk of strangulation because of the small size of the defect involved. Most hernias occur in trocar sites that are larger than 10 mm. This has resulted in the accepted practice that fascial defects larger than 10 mm are closed, incorporating the peritoneum and fascia, whereas defects less than 10 mm are not closed.

Results
We report a port site hernia at a 5-mm port site in a 90-year-old woman after ventral rectoplexy. A systematic review of literature found 27 cases of 5-mm port site herniation: 10 cases in general surgery and 17 cases in gynecological surgery.

Conclusion
The possibility of herniation through 5-mm port sites should be known to avoid a delay in recognition, diagnosis, and treatment.
Evolution of Human Multigene Families
Authors: Batool Fatima , Pervaiz Nashaiman , Khalid Qanta , Abbasi Amir A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The hypothesis that all the vertebrates, including humans, share two ancestral rounds of whole‐genome duplications (WGDs/2R) is correct or not has recently become quite controversial. Furthermore, the contribution of hypothesised WGDs to the evolution of novel developmental features in modern vertebrates is still unclear. Attempts to settle these ardently debated issues have been hampered by small and noisy sequence data. Recently, based on advances in sequencing technology, hundreds of genomes spread across the whole metazoan tree have been decoded. This increasing amount of sequence data and recent advances in
evo‐devo
have set the stage for understanding metazoan evolution, including genomic innovations and accompanying developmental transitions. New sources of data provide insights into the vertebrate genome evolutionary history, notably the status of controversial 2R duplications.

Key Concepts

Duplication is considered to be an important source of new genes, hence providing a substrate on which evolution can work.

Duplicated genes are often referred to as paralogous genes, which form multigene families.

An understanding of the mechanisms of gene duplication is crucial for revealing how do newly duplicated acquire novel functions.

All vertebrate animals including humans, despite their generally diploid state, carry large numbers of duplicated genes.

Widespread existence of multigene families in vertebrates has been interpreted by some as evidence that two rounds of whole‐genome duplication (2R hypothesis) occurred at the origin of the vertebrates.

Whether or not 2R occurred and what role it played in later evolution of vertebrates has been a contentious concept among evolutionary developmental biologists.

This article provides more insight into the phenomenon by applying the recent knowledge developed largely through ever‐increasing number of sequenced genomes of bilaterian animals.
Membrane Proteins
Authors: Reithmeier Reinhart AF 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Biological membranes consist of lipids and proteins. The lipids are arranged as a fluid bilayer, and the proteins are either embedded in the lipid or are bound to the membrane surface. Research on membranes has moved from early studies of the lipids and membrane models to the determination of the molecular structure and dynamics of membrane proteins. About one‐third of the human genome encodes membrane proteins. Membrane proteins function as enzymes, receptors, transporters and channels, and mutations in their genes cause many inherited diseases. Membrane proteins are also common drug targets.

Key Concepts

Membrane proteins make up about one‐third of genomes.

Membrane proteins play important roles as enzymes, receptors, transporters and channels.

The amino acid sequences of membrane proteins can be deduced from their DNA sequences, leading to the construction of topological models.

Membrane proteins can be solubilised and purified using detergents; however, they are difficult to crystallise for structural studies.

Intrinsic membrane proteins are embedded in complex lipid bilayers and consist of bundles of hydrophobic transmembrane α‐helicals.

Extrinsic membrane proteins are associated with the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.

Membrane proteins are glycosylated in eucaryotes and form higher oligomeric structures.

Mutations in the genes encoding membrane proteins cause inherited diseases.

Most commonly use drugs target membrane proteins.

Many membrane proteins remain understudied due to their hydrophobic nature and low expression levels.
Comprehensive Two‐dimensional Chromatography: An Insight into the Analysis of Food and Food Products
Authors: Zoccali Mariosimone , Cacciola Francesco , Arena Katia , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFood chemistry is a branch of food science involved in the evaluation of the composition along with chemical, physical, and functional properties of foods and food products during their different processing stages and storage periods. Chromatographic methods are the most employed analytical techniques for their analysis. However, when a single chromatographic method is not sufficient for providing satisfactory results, more advanced and performant strategies need to be considered. In this regard, comprehensive two‐dimensional chromatography, involving two different separation modes, turned out to be a powerful analytical strategy for the analysis of very complex food samples.This article aims to highlight how the hyphenation of two single separation systems could be a valuable tool for handling such complex samples. The first part deals with general considerations about the technique including the design of modulation interfaces, whereas in the second part selected applications to food analytes of interest, analyzed by both comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid and gas chromatography, are reported and discussed.
Determination and Levels of Migrated Packaging Additives in Food
Authors: Cunha Sara C. , Fernandes José O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFood contacts different types of packaging materials during the different stages of their life cycle, throughout production, storage, transportation, preparation, and consumption. Despite strictly regulated, chemicals used in food packaging are not always sufficiently inert, affecting the environment and consumer health. Bisphenols, phthalates, and per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are among the substances applied in food contact materials (FCMs) that received an increased attention in the past years from scientific community because of their high application, huge levels of environmental persistence, and toxicity for biota and humans. This chapter addresses the main sources of these compounds, the levels currently detected in foods, and the analytical methods used for their trace level determination as well as the main current legislation and the perspectives that are foreseen for the near future.