bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alleviation of zinc induced oxidative stress by polyamines in Plantago ovata Forsk
Authors: Pramanick Paulami , Chakraborty Anindita , Raychaudhuri Sarmistha Sen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Zinc causes toxicity to the plants in an excess concentration and it is manifested by chlorosis, rolling of leaf margins, and disruption of membrane integrity. The heavy metal stress also triggers the stimulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Polyamines are naturally occurring, secondary metabolites, protecting plants from heavy metal-induced stress. Plants also up-regulate the mRNA expression of Metallothionein in response to heavy metal-induced oxidative stress. The alteration in Metallothionein type 2 (PoMT2) expression of a medicinally important herb Plantago ovata in presence of polyamines like Putrescine, Spermidine, and Spermine in addition to ZnSO4.H2O by the semi-quantitative and the quantitative methods have been demonstrated in the present study. We have observed reductions in the expression of the Metallothionein type 2 gene in the presence of the aforementioned polyamines which implies their protective and antioxidant properties to fight against the zinc induced stress. 1 mM Put has been more efficient in increasing the total chlorophyll content (compared to 2 mM Put) by about 36% each in 1000 µM ZnSO4 treated P. ovata seedlings. Spermidine also enhanced chlorophyll content. 2 mM Put and 0.5 mM Spm have shown even better efficiencies in increasing the total antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The lipid peroxidation has been found to decrease in Put and Spm supplemented samples by up to about 47% in both cases. Significant reductions in lipid peroxidation and down-regulation of PoMT2 gene expression indicate the roles of polyamines in partially alleviating Zn-induced oxidative damage.
Biological carbon pump affected by CO2 uptake in the Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Siddiqui Claire , Rixen Tim , Lahajnar Niko , Plas Anja Van der , Louw Deon , Lamont Tarron , Pillay Keshnee 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are well-known for their high productivity and fishery yields. However, being scarcely sampled and poorly represented in global models, their role as CO2 sources and sinks to the atmosphere remains elusive. Here, we present a compilation of shipboard measurements over the past two decades, showing how the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) in the southeast Atlantic Ocean acts as a CO2 source in the north and CO2 sink in the south. Surface warming of upwelled waters increases the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and outgassing in both regions, but in the south, the biologically-mediated drawdown of CO2 exceeds this warming effect. Here, the biological carbon pump owes its stronger impact on pCO2 to higher shares of upwelling source waters carrying preformed nutrients supplied from the Southern Ocean. Their formation increases pCO2 in surface waters and counteracts human-induced invasion of CO2 in the Southern Ocean. However, their utilization in the BUS compensates for over 20% of the CO2 loss occurring in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. This emphasizes the role of the BUS as key to improve our understanding of the ocean’s response to climate change and the future evolution of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Quality Based Clustering of Node using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly Optimization for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection in Healthcare Application
Authors: Rahul P , Kaarthick B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Big data recently has gained tremendous importance in the way information is being disseminated. Transaction based data, unstructured data streaming to and fro from social media, increasing amounts of sensor and machine-to-machine data and many such examples rely on big data in conjunction with cloud computing. It is desirable to create wireless networks on-the-fly as per the demand or a given situation. In such a scenario reliable transmission of big data over mobile Ad-Hoc networks plays a key role in military healthcare applications. Limitations like congestion, Delay, Energy Consumption and Packet Loss Rate constraint pose a challenge for such systems. The most essential problem of Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (H-MANET) is to select a suitable and secure path that balances the load through the Internet gateways. Also, the selection of gateway and overload through the network may cause packet losses and Delay (DL). Therefore, load-balancing between different gateways is required for achieving better performance. As a result, steady load balancing technique was employed that selects the gateways based on the Fuzzy Logic (FL) system and enhances the network efficiency. However, the Energy Consumption (EC) was high since gateways were selected directly from the number of nodes. Hence in this article, a novel Node Quality-based Clustering Algorithm (NQCA) using Fuzzy-Genetic for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection (FGCHGS) is proposed. In this algorithm, NQCA is performed based on the Improved Weighted Clustering Algorithm (IWCA). The NQCA algorithm separates the total network into number of clusters and the Cluster Head (CH) for each cluster is elected on the basis of the node priority, transmission range and node neighborhood fidelity. Moreover, the clustering quality is estimated according to the different parameters like node degree, EC, DL, etc, which are also utilized for estimating the combined weight value by using the FL system. Then, the combined weight values are optimized by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to pick the most optimal weight value that selects both optimal CH and gateway. Conversely, the convergence time of GA and the error due to parameter tuning during optimization are high. Hence, a NQCA using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly optimization for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection (FFFCHGS) is proposed. In this algorithm, improved Fruit Fly (FF) algorithm is proposed instead of GA to select the most optimal CH and gateway. Finally, a performance effectiveness of the FFFCHGS algorithm is evaluated through the simulation outcomes in terms of EC, Packet Loss Rate (PLR), etc.
Fruit juice mediated multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of substituted isoxazoles and their in vitro bio evaluation
Authors: Shelu Susheel Gulati , Rajvir Rajvir Singh , Suman Suman Sangwan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A simple, efficient and eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of isoxazoles derivatives (4a-4h) using one-pot three components reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a), methyl acetoacetate (2a) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3a) has been achieved in presence of Cocos nucifera L. juice, Solanum lycopersicum L. juice and Citrus limetta juice respectively. This protocol is natural acid catalysed multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of potentially bioactive isoxazole derivatives. The homogeneity of synthesized compounds was confirmed by melting point and thin layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1HNMR, FTIR and CHN spectral analysis and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). The compounds (4a-4h) were also screened for their fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by poisoned food techniques. Antibacterial activity was also tested against Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas citri by inhibition zone method. From bio evaluation data, it was found that compound 4b was most active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compound 4b was also found most active against both the fungus viz. R. solani and C. gloeosporioides showing maximum percentage growth inhibition i.e. 90.00 against R. solani and 82.45 against C. gloeosporioides at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Compound 4h has shown maximum inhibition zone i.e. 3.00-9.60 mm against Erwinia carotovora at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Maximum Xanthomonas citri growth was also inhibited by compound 4h showing inhibition zone 1.00-5.00 mm at highest concentration. Less reaction time, high yields of desired products, mild reaction conditions, simple work-up, cost effectiveness and no need of column chromatography are some beauties of present methodology.
Kidney biopsy in very elderly patients: indications, therapeutic impact and complications.
Authors: Fedi Mathilde , Bobot Mickaël , Torrents Julia , Gobert Pierre , Magnant Eric , Knefati Yannick , Verhelst David , Lebrun Gaëtan , Masson Valérie , Giaime Philippe , Santini Julien , Bataille Stanislas , Brunet Philippe , Dussol Bertrand , Burtey Stéphane , Mancini Julien , Daniel Laurent , Jourde-Chiche Noémie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Few data is available on the risk/benefit balance of native kidney biopsy (KB) in very elderly patients.Methods: Multicenter retrospective cohort study in the Aix-Marseille area: the results of KB and medical charts of all patients over 85 years biopsied between January 2010 and December 2018 were reviewed. Results: 104 patients were included. Median age was 87 years. Indications for KB were: acute kidney injury (AKI) in 69.2% of patients, nephrotic syndrome (NS) with AKI in 13.5%, NS without AKI in 12.5%, and proteinuria in 4.8%. Median serum creatinine was 262 mmol/L, 21% of patients required dialysis at the time of KB. Significant bleeding occurred in 7 (6.7%) patients, requiring blood cell transfusion in 4 (3.8%), and radiological embolization in 1 (1%). The most frequent pathological diagnoses were: non-diabetic glomerular diseases (29.8%, including pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis in 9.6%), hypertensive nephropathy (27.9%), acute interstitial nephritis (16.3%), renal involvement of hematological malignancy (8.7%), and acute tubular necrosis (6.7%). After KB, 51 (49%) patients received a specific treatment: corticosteroids (41.3%), cyclophosphamide (6.7%), rituximab (6.7%), bortezomib (3.8%), other chemotherapies (3.8%). Median overall survival was 31 months. Median renal survival was higher in patients without AKI (p=0.007) or treated with corticosteroids (p=0.046). Dialysis-free survival censored for death was higher in patients without AKI (p=0.019), or treated (p=0.022), especially with corticosteroids (p=0.006).Conclusions: KB can reveal a diagnosis with therapeutic impact even in very elderly patients. Severe bleeding was not frequent in this cohort, but KB may have not been performed in more vulnerable patients.
The Association of Workplace Health Education on Smoking-Related Behaviour and Unequal Gains by Job Position in China: ABWMC&nbsp;Programme Findings
Authors: Lin Haoxiang , Chen Meijun , Zheng Yunting , Yun Qingping , Chang Chun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the Chinese government has introduced a series of regulations to promote tobacco-related health education in workplaces, the implementation has been far from satisfactory. The aim of the present study was to explore the association of company level tobacco-related health education and employee’s smoking behavior.MethodsData from the 2018 Asia Best Workplace Mainland China programme were employed to address these aims. This was a cross-sectional study that included 14195 employees from 79 companies in mainland China. Spearman correlation tests were used to examine unadjusted correlation between the study variables, and binary logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis. The dependent variables included the smoking-related variables or health information-seeking behaviour. The explanatory variable is the company level tobacco-related health education.ResultsTobacco-related health education was associated with better smoking harm awareness, lower second-hand smoke exposure, better perceived workplace environment and positive health information-seeking behaviour. Job position interacted with health education, suggesting that positive association of health education were smaller for general employees than employees who held an administrative position.Conclusions﻿We conclude that workplace tobacco-related health education was not only associated with tobacco control effects but also had spillover effects, which were significant for higher-ranking employees. Policy makers should recognize and reduce the potential health disparities.
Low-field Onset of Wannier-Stark Localization in a Polycrystalline Hybrid Organic Inorganic Perovskite
Authors: Berghoff Daniel , Bühler Johannes , Bonn Mischa , Leitenstorfer Alfred , Meier Torsten , Kim Heejae 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Control over light propagation in a material by applying external fields is at the heart of photonic applications. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast modulation of the optical properties in the room temperature polycrystalline MAPbI3 perovskite using phase-stable terahertz pulses, centered at 20 THz. The biasing field from the THz pulse creates extreme localization of electronic states in the ab plane – Wannier-Stark localization. This quasi-instantaneous reduction of dimensionality (from 3D to 2D) causes a marked change in the absorption shape, enabling the modulation depth to be tens of percent at moderate field strengths (3 MV/cm). The notably low-field onset results from a narrow electronic bandwidth, a large relevant lattice constant, and the coincidence of the two along the same direction in this tetragonal perovskite. We show that the transient optical response is in fact dominated by the least dispersive direction of the electronic band structure, facilitating a substantial modulation despite the arbitrary arrangement of the individual crystallites. The demonstration of THz-field-induced optical modulation in a solution-processed, disordered, and polycrystalline material is of substantial potential significance for novel photonic applications.
Data Mining for the Identification of Known and Candidate Transthyretin Amyloidosis Variants in the Saudi Population
Authors: Abouelhoda Mohamed , Mohty Dania , Alayary Islam , Meyer Brian F. , Arold Stefan T. , Fadel Bahaa M. , Monies Dorota 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFamilial transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTR) is an autosomal dominant disease with significant phenotypic heterogeneity. Its prevalence in Saudi Arabia has not previously been investigated. An existing exome variant database of Saudi individuals, sequenced to globally investigate rare diseases in the population, was mined for TTR variants and filtered for missense mutations resulting in single amino acid changes. A total of 13,906 Saudi exomes from unrelated individuals were analyzed blindly. ResultsThree TTR variants known to be associated with ATTR amyloidosis were identified. Additionally, three novel TTR mutations were identified. Structural analysis of the three novel variants suggests that at least two could be amyloidogenic. The most common variant associated with amyloidosis was p.Val142Ile (allele frequency 0.001). Further investigation of these variants and their translation to clinical practice may help to diagnose, monitor and manage patients with ATTR amyloidosis.ConclusionMultiple TTR variants potentially associated with systemic ATTR amyloidosis were identified in the Saudi population. Early diagnosis and intervention, facilitated by familial genetic testing of patients with ATTR amyloidosis, may benefit in the management of this disease. Early diagnosis could be enhanced through inclusion of ATTR variants in existing population-based screening programs.
Multivariate Modelling of Milk Fatty Acid Profile to Discriminate the Forages in Dairy Cows' Ration
Authors: Riuzzi Giorgia , Davis Hannah R. , Lanza Ilaria , Butler Gillian , Contiero Barbara , Gottardo Flaviana , Segato Severino 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although there are many studies on the importance of fatty acids (FA) in our diet and on the influence of cows’ diet on FA metabolism, only a few investigate their predictive capacity to discriminate the type, amount and conservation method of the dietary forages. This research quantitatifies differences in FA concentrations and, using a supervised factorial discriminant analysis (FDA), assesses which could be biomarkers when replacing maize silage with other silages, grass/lucerne hays or fresh grass. The statistical modelling identified three main clusters in milk FA profiles associated with silages, hays and fresh grass as dominant roughages. The main implication of a dairy cow feeding system based on poliphytic forages from permanent meadows is to enhance milk’s nutritional value thanks to an increase in beneficial FA belonging to omenga-3 polyunsaturated FA, conjugated linoleic acids and odd chain FA, compared to the use of maize silage from arable land. The study also identified a small but powerful and reliable pool of FA that can act as biomarkers to authenticate feeding systems: C16:1, C17:0, C18:0, C18:3n-3, C18:1 c-9, C18:1 t-11, C20:0.
An Enzymatic Method for Harvesting Functional Melanosomes After Keratin Extraction – Maximizing Resource Recovery from Human Hair&nbsp;
Authors: Zhang Nan , Lai Hui Ying , Gautam Archana , De Kwek Darien Yu , Dong Yibing , Wang Qiang , Ng Kee Woei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hair contains about 80% keratins and 1–3% melanin packaged in melanosomes. Both of which are high-value and functional raw materials that have potential applications in wide ranging fields. While keratin extraction has been widely refined, efficient methods of melanosome extraction are limited. The extraction of melanosomes requires complete removal of keratin, thus combined keratin extraction and melanosome isolation is logical. Herein, a successive process to harvest melanosomes after keratin extraction from human hair waste was developed. The yield of melanosome was about 1.3% of total hair mass. The structure of harvested melanosomes is well preserved based on surface morphology and interior ultrastructural observations using electron microscopy. The chemical structure, UV-filtering ability, and thermal stability of the melanosomes are examined to demonstrate preservation of native functions. Our strategy of combining melanosome isolation with keratin extraction is shown to be effective and significantly improves the total resource recovery efficiency from human hair waste.
Influence of Aloe vera and Pluronic F127 on the Enhancement of Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Activity of ZnO by sol-gel Synthesis Method
Authors: O Seifunnisha , J Shanthi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of plant-based photocatalyst with a minimum time of irradiation for water-soluble dye disposal from industries is a great significance to unravel water pollution. In the present work, the sol-gel synthesis method was employed for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Pluronic F127 and Aloe vera as dispersing media. A hexagonal wurtzite structure and surface morphology confirmed by XRD and FE-SEM analysis. The infrared study was applied to substantiate the acceptable compounds within the nanoparticles and phytochemicals presence within the extract. From the DRS spectra, Bandgap energy of ZnO nanoparticles (3.22eV) was decreased to 2.89eV by blending of Aloe vera and Pluronic F127 into ZnO. The photocatalytic action of different combinations of ZnO was examined against malachite green dye under UV light and visible light irradiation. Upto 95% degradation was achieved for ZnO/Aloe/PF127 with a minimum time of UV light exposure. All combinations of ZnO showed effective bactericidal activity against multi-drug resistance of E.coli, S.aureus, B.subtilis, and P.aeruginosa. These findings proved the overwhelming photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of ZnO samples, which might be used as effective remediation to treat textile dye wastewater.
Low Persistence of Antipsychotic Therapy in Parkinson Disease – Intolerance, Ineffectiveness, or Inertia?
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Phuong Pham , Abraham Danielle S. , Thibault Dylan , Weintraub Daniel , Willis Allison W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Antipsychotics are used in Parkinson disease (PD) to treat psychosis, mood, and behavioral disturbances. Commonly used antipsychotics differ substantially in their potential to worsen motor symptoms through dopaminergic receptor blockade. Recent real-world data on the use and persistence of antipsychotic therapy in PD are lacking. The objectives of this study are to (1) examine the persistence to overall and initial antipsychotic therapy in individuals with PD and (2) determine whether persistence varies by drug dopamine receptor blocking activity.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using U.S. commercially insured individuals in Optum 2001-2019. Adults age 40 years or older with PD initiating antipsychotic therapy, with continuous insurance coverage for at least six months following drug initiation, were included. Exposure to pimavanserin, quetiapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, or olanzapine was identified based on pharmacy claims. Six-month persistence to overall and initial antipsychotic therapy was estimated by time to complete discontinuation or switching to a different antipsychotic. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated factors associated with discontinuation.Results: Overall, 38.6% of 3,566 PD patients in our sample discontinued antipsychotic therapy after the first prescription, 61.4% continued with overall treatment within six months of initiation. Clozapine use was too rare to include in statistical analyses. Overall therapy discontinuation was more likely for medications with dopamine-receptor blocking activity (adjusted hazard ratios 1.76 [95% confidence interval 1.40-2.20] for quetiapine, 2.15 [1.61-2.86] for aripiprazole, 2.12 [1.66-2.72] for risperidone, and 2.07 1.60-2.67] for olanzapine), compared with serotonin receptor-specific pimavanserin. Initial antipsychotic therapy discontinuation also associated greater dopamine-receptor blocking activity medication use – adjusted hazard ratios 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.28-1.94), 1.88 (1.43-2.46), 2.00 (1.59-2.52) and 2.03 (1.60-2.58) for quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, and olanzapine, respectively, compared with pimavanserin. Similar results were observed in sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: Over one-third of individuals with PD stop antipsychotic therapy, especially if the initial drug has greater dopamine-receptor blocking activity. Understanding the drivers of antipsychotic discontinuation, including ineffectiveness, potentially inappropriate use, clinician inertia, patient adherence and adverse effects, is needed to inform clinical management of psychosis in PD and appropriate antipsychotic use in this population.