bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mode of maternal provisioning in the fish genus Phalloceros: a variation on the theme of matrotrophy
Authors: Zandonà Eugenia , Kajin Maja , Buckup Paulo A , Amaral Jeferson Ribeiro , Souto-Santos Igor C A , Reznick David N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The placenta is a complex organ that shows high morphological diversity. Among fish, the first vertebrates that have evolved a placenta, the family Poeciliidae exhibits very diverse modes of maternal provisioning even among congeneric species. Here, we investigated the embryonic growth curve across seven recently-described species of the highly diverse genus Phalloceros (Eigenmann, 1907). We also investigated possible intraspecific differences and whether other female characteristics affected embryo mass. We found that embryo mass decreased until around stage 20 and then increased, resulting in a 1.5 to 3-fold mass gain from fertilization to birth. Embryo mass changed non-linearly with stage of development and was affected by species identity (or locality) and female somatic dry mass. This initial loss then gain of embryonic mass during development is unique among other Poeciliidae species and was conserved across populations and species, even though size at birth can vary. Other species instead either lose mass if they lack placentas or gain mass exponentially if they have placentas. The Phalloceros mode of maternal provisioning could thus represent a different form from that seen in other species of Poeciliidae.
Introducing Social Workers: Their Roles and Training
Authors: Burt Mike 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During the late Victorian and early Edwardian period references to ‘social work’ in the UK emerged in the context of the movement for social reform. Using a wide variety of contemporary literature, archival sources and Internet searches this article finds that, alongside charitable and philanthropic work, the term ‘social work’ referred to a particularly wide range of social, health, educational, industrial welfare and recreation activity. Few attempts were made to attribute an explicit meaning to the term and it was not used as frequently as is sometimes implied by commentaries about the period. However, voluntary and paid workers were increasingly referred to collectively as ‘social workers’ and became the subject of increasing discussion about their roles and need for training. This article traces the developments in references to social work and social workers in the literature and highlights the early debate that took place in the UK and USA about the relative importance of practical work and study of the social sciences, introducing the tension which characterised social workers’ subsequent difficulties in establishing a professional identity.
Precise Point Set Registration Based on Feature Fusion
Authors: Liu Yuying , Du Shaoyi , Cui Wenting , Wang Xijing , Mou Qingnan , Zhao Jiamin , Guo Yucheng , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper proposed a novel precise point set registration method based on feature fusion for three-dimensional data. Firstly, for the prominent foreground with dense and continuous cluster structure, we propose an automatic extraction method combining the principal component analysis projection and density-based clustering method. Secondly, for point sets containing noises, we introduce correntropy measurement into registration to weaken their influence. Thirdly, for the precise registration of uneven distribution of points in the same point set, we propose a feature fusion based algorithm which is distribution specific, using point-to-point measurement for densely distributed foreground and point-to-plane measurement for sparsely distributed background, in case that only one measurement method is used for the whole point set the registration gets trapped into local extremum. Finally, we give the optimization algorithm of the proposed method. We conduct experiments on real orthodontics scenes to verify the effectiveness of our proposed feature extraction method and registration algorithm, and experimental results demonstrate that both the proposed solutions are proper for their respective tasks than other existing methods.
EDIL3 deficiency ameliorates adverse cardiac remodelling by neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)-mediated macrophage polarization
Authors: Wei Xiaoqiong , Zou Song , Xie Zhonghui , Wang Zhen , Huang Nongyu , Cen Zhifu , Hao Yan , Zhang Chengxin , Chen Zhenyu , Zhao Fulei , Hu Zhonglan , Teng Xiu , Gui Yiyue , Liu Xiao , Zheng Huaping , Zhou Hong , Chen Shuwen , Cheng Juan , Zeng Fanlian , Zhou Yifan , Wu Wenling , Hu Jing , Wei Yuquan , Cui Kaijun , Li Jiong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
After myocardial infarction (MI), injured cardiomyocytes recruit neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages to myocardium, which in turn initiates inflammatory and reparative cascades, respectively. Either insufficient or excessive inflammation impairs cardiac healing. As an endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil adhesion, EDIL3 plays a crucial role in inflammatory regulation. However, the role of EDIL3 in MI remains obscure. We aimed to define the role of EDIL3 in cardiac remodelling after MI.

Methods and results
Serum EDIL3 levels in MI patients were negatively associated with MI biomarkers. Consistently, WT mice after MI showed low levels of cardiac EDIL3. Compared with WT mice, Edil3−/− mice showed improvement of post-MI adverse remodelling, as they exhibited lower mortality, better cardiac function, shorter scar length, and smaller LV cavity. Accordingly, infarcted hearts of Edil3−/− mice contained fewer cellular debris and lower amounts of fibrosis content, with decreased collagen I/III expression and the percentage of α-smooth muscle actin myofibroblasts. Mechanistically, EDIL3 deficiency did not affect the recruitment of monocytes or T cells, but enhanced neutrophil recruitment and following expansion of pro-inflammatory Mertk−MHC-IIlo-int (myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase/major histocompatibility complex II) macrophages. The injection of neutrophil-specific C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonist eliminated the differences in macrophage polarization and cardiac function between WT and Edil3−/− mice after MI. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which were more abundant in the hearts of Edil3−/− mice, contributed to Mertk−MHC-IIlo-int polarization via Toll-like receptor 9 pathway. The inhibition of NET formation by treatment of neutrophil elastase inhibitor or DNase I impaired macrophage polarization, increased cellular debris and aggravated cardiac adverse remodelling, thus removed the differences of cardiac function between WT and Edil3−/− mice. Totally, EDIL3 plays an important role in NET-primed macrophage polarization and cardiac remodelling during MI.

Conclusion
We not only reveal that EDIL3 deficiency ameliorates adverse cardiac healing via NET-mediated pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization but also discover a new crosstalk between neutrophil and macrophage after MI.
Non-conventional Versus Conventional Strictureplasties for Crohn’s Disease. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Bislenghi G , Sucameli F , Fieuws S , Ferrante M , Sabino J , Wolthuis A , Vermeire S , D’Hoore A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Strictureplasties [SXP] represent an alternative to bowel resection in Crohn’s disease [CD]. Over the years, there has been growing interest in the role of non-conventional SXP for the treatment of extensive CD. A systematic review was performed on complications and recurrence following conventional and non-conventional SXP.

Methods
The available literature was screened according to the PRISMA statement, until June 2020. Results were categorised into three groups: studies reporting on conventional SXPs; studies with a mixed cohort of conventional and non-conventional SXPs [% non-conventional SXPs ≤15%]; and studies reporting on non-conventional SXPs. Considered endpoints were postoperative complications and overall and SXP site-specific surgical recurrence. Random-effect meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to obtain and compare combined estimates between groups.

Results
A total of 26 studies for a total of 1839 patients with CD were included. The pooled postoperative complication rates were was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.2%-20.3%), 7.4% [95% CI 0.2%-22.9%], and 19.2% [95% CI 5-39.6%] for the three groups, respectively. The rates of septic complications were 4% [95% CI 2.2%-6.2%], 1.9% [95% CI 0.4%-4.3%], and 4.2% [95% CI 0.9%-9.8%], respectively. Cumulative overall surgical recurrence rates were 27.5% [95% CI 18.5%-37.6%], 13.2% [95% CI 8.6%-18.7%], and 18.1% [95% CI 6.8%-33.3%]; and SXP site-specific surgical recurrence rates were 13.2% [95% CI 6.9%-21.2%], 8.3% [95% CI 1.6-19.3%], and 8.8% [95% CI 2.2%-19%], respectively. Formal comparison between the groups revealed no differences.

Conclusions
Non-conventional SXP did not differ from conventional SXP with respect to safety and long-term recurrence. Consistent heterogeneity was observed and partially limits the conclusions of this study.
Prognostic implications of left heart diastolic dysfunction in adults with coarctation of aorta
Authors: Egbe Alexander C , Miranda William R , Oh Jae K , Connolly Heidi M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThe prognostic implication of left atrial (LA) dysfunction and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in patients with coarctation of aorta (COA) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether LA dysfunction and LVDD were associated with mortality in COA patients.Methods and resultsThis is a retrospective review of adults (age ≥18 years) with repaired COA that underwent transthoracic echocardiogram (2000–18). LVDD was determined using the 2016 guidelines for LV diastolic function assessment, and LA dysfunction was assessed using LA reservoir strain. Of 721 patients, LV diastolic function could be determined in 635 (88%); and 414 (65%) had no LVDD, while 146 (23%), 53 (8%), and 22 (4%) had Grade I/II/III LVDD, respectively. The mean LA reservoir strain was 39 ± 11%, and patients were divided into quartiles: top quartile (reference group), mild LA dysfunction, moderate LA dysfunction, and severe LA dysfunction. Grade III LVDD (but not Grades I and II) was associated with death/transplant. On the other hand, there was an incremental risk of death/transplant across LA strain quartiles: mild LA dysfunction [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 1.04–2.06], moderate LA dysfunction (HR 1.75, 1.27–3.58), and severe LA dysfunction (HR 3.49, 1.88–7.16). Of 86 patients with indeterminate diastolic function, there was a trend towards a lower 5-year transplant-free survival in patients with LA dysfunction vs. normal LA function (83% vs. 91%, P = 0.06).ConclusionLA dysfunction (but not LVDD) was associated with incremental risk of mortality and thus can be used for prognostication in all patients including those with indeterminate diastolic function.
Long-term survival after coronary bypass surgery with multiple versus single arterial grafts
Authors: Thuijs Daniel J F M , Davierwala Piroze , Milojevic Milan , Deo Salil V , Noack Thilo , Kappetein A Pieter , Serruys Patrick W , Mohr Friedrich-Wilhelm , Morice Marie-Claude , Mack Michael J , Ståhle L Elisabeth G E , Verberkmoes Niels J , Holmes David R , Head Stuart J ,   for the SYNTAX Extended Survival Investigators
Published: August 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to evaluate the long-term differences in survival between multiple arterial grafts (MAG) and single arterial grafts (SAG) in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the SYNTAX study.

METHODS
The present analysis included the randomized and registry-treated CABG patients (n = 1509) from the SYNTAX Extended Survival study (SYNTAXES). Patients with only venous (n = 42) or synthetic grafts (n = 1) were excluded. The primary end point was all-cause death at the longest follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression was used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics. Sensitivity analysis using propensity matching with inverse probability for treatment weights was performed.

RESULTS
Of the 1466 included patients, 465 (31.7%) received MAG and 1001 (68.3%) SAG. Patients receiving MAG were younger and at lower risk. At the longest follow-up of 12.6 years, all-cause death occurred in 23.6% of MAG and 40.0% of SAG patients [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.55–0.98); P = 0.038], which was confirmed by sensitivity analysis. MAG in patients with the three-vessel disease was associated with significant lower unadjusted and adjusted all-cause death at 12.6 years [adjusted HR 0.65, 95% CI (0.44–0.97); P = 0.033]. In contrast, no significance was observed after risk adjustment in patients with the left main disease, with and without diabetes, or among SYNTAX score tertiles.

CONCLUSIONS
In the present post hoc analysis of all-comers patients from the SYNTAX trial, MAG resulted in markedly lower all-cause death at 12.6-year follow-up compared to a SAG strategy. Hence, this striking long-term survival benefit of MAG over SAG encourages more extensive use of multiple arterial grafting in selected patients with reasonable life expectancy.

Trial registration
SYNTAXES ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT03417050; SYNTAX ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT00114972.
Dissenting Opinions and Rights Protection in the European Court: A Reply to Laurence Helfer and Erik Voeten
Authors: Stone Sweet Alec , Sandholtz Wayne , Andenas Mads 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In their article ‘Walking Back Human Rights in Europe?’, Helfer and Voeten (hereinafter ‘H-V’) argue that a series of High Level Conferences (2012–2018), specifically Brighton (2012), dramatically altered the style of the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) decision-making. The Grand Chamber began to adopt judgments which, in turn, provoked an unprecedented wave of ‘Walking-Back Dissents’. Such dissents are separate opinions that, in effect, accuse the majority of a Grand Chamber of ‘tacitly overturn[ing] prior rulings or settled doctrine in favour of national governments’ (H-V, p. 823). In an expansive conclusion, H-V suggest that the ECtHR has also generated a rising number of ‘Walking-Back Judgments’, which lower standards of rights protection. We reject H-V’s major claims on the empirical evidence. The outcomes of Brighton and subsequent conferences did not pose a credible threat to the Court, and could not have induced it to ‘walk back’ rights protection. We also closely examined two sets of Walking-Back Dissents identified by H-V, focusing on judgments that would be ‘most likely to fit’ H-V’s ‘expectations’. We found that fewer than one in four judgments analysed actually contained a Walking-Back Dissent. And we identified only one plausible Walking-Back Judgment. We are confident that H-V’s results are inaccurate and cannot be reproduced by external analysts. We conclude by noting factors that H-V do not consider, but that are crucial to understanding the ECtHR’s decision-making. In appendices, posted online, we summarize and give reasons for our coding decisions.
Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: comparison of dental arch relationships and dental indices at 5, 8, and 10 years
Authors: Heliövaara Arja , Küseler Annelise , Skaare Pål , Bellardie Haydn , Mølsted Kirsten , Karsten Agneta , Marcusson Agneta , Rizell Sara , Brinck Eli , Sæle Paul , Chalien Midia Najar , Mooney Jeanette , Eyres Phil , Shaw William , Semb Gunvor 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Background and trial design
The Scandcleft intercentre study evaluates the outcomes of four surgical protocols (common method Arm A, and methods B, C, and D) for treatment of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in a set of three randomized trials of primary surgery (Trials 1, 2, and 3).

Objectives
To evaluate and compare dental arch relationships of 5-, 8-, and 10-year-old children with UCLP after four different protocols of primary surgery and to compare three dental indices. The results are secondary outcomes of the overall trial.

Methods
Study models taken at the ages of 5 (n = 418), 8 (n = 411), and 10 years (n = 410) were analysed by a blinded panel of orthodontists using the Eurocran index, the 5-year-olds’ (5YO) index, and the GOSLON Yardstick. Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation, chi-square test, and kappa statistics were used in statistical analyses.

Results
The reliability of the dental indices varied between moderate and very good, and those of the Eurocran palatal index varied between fair and very good. Significant correlations existed between the dental indices at all ages. No differences were found in the mean 5-, 8-, and 10-year index scores or their distributions within surgical trials. Comparisons between trials detected significantly better mean index scores in Trial 2 Arm C (at all ages) and in Trial 1 Arm B (at 5 and 10 years of age) than in Trial 3 Arm D. The mean Eurocran dental index scores of the total material at 5, 8, and 10 years of age were 2.50, 2.60, and 2.26, and those of the 5YO index and GOSLON Yardstick were 2.77, 2.90, and 2.54, respectively. At age 10 years, 75.8% of the patients had had orthodontic treatment.

Conclusions
The results of these three trials do not provide evidence that one surgical method is superior to the others. The reliabilities of the dental indices were acceptable, and significant correlations existed between the indices at all ages. The reliability of the Eurocran palatal index was questionable.

Trial registration
ISRCTN29932826.
Craniofacial shape from pre- to post-adolescence
Authors: Maciejewska-Turek Aleksandra , Bilińska Małgorzata , Wellens Hans L L , Fudalej Piotr S 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Aim
Craniofacial growth demonstrates significant variation and is difficult to predict. The aim of the present investigation was twofold: (1) to assess the association (covariation) between craniofacial shape at pre- and post-adolescence and (2) to evaluate if pre-adolescent craniofacial shape is related (covaries) with growth magnitude and direction.

Subjects and methods
One hundred fifty subjects (86 males and 64 females) untreated orthodontically were selected from AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Each subject had cephalograms taken before 9 (pre-adolescent stage) and after 15 years of age (post-adolescent). Fourteen curves comprising 123 points (10 fixed and 113 sliding semilandmarks) comprehensively covering the craniofacial skeleton were digitally traced on each cephalogram. Procrustes alignment, principal component analysis, 2-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis, and regression analysis were done after sliding the semilandmarks to minimize bending energy.

Results
The first 16 principal components (PCs) were non-trivial and explained 85.2% of total shape variability in the sample. PC1 depicted mainly variability in the vertical direction, PC2 represented mostly variability in the saddle angle and in the antero-posterior position of the mandible, and PC3 depicted primarily variability of the mandibular shape (steep versus flat mandibular plane). The covariation between pre- and post-adolescent facial shape was statistically significant, both in the pooled sample (RV coefficient = 0.604) and in boys (RV = 0.639) and girls (RV = 0.629). The pre-adolescent shape was weakly associated with the magnitude of facial change—2-block PLS analysis demonstrated that blocks 1 and 2 were independent (P = 0.118, RV = 0.035).

Conclusions
The pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex explained approximately 60% of the post-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex; however, the relationship between pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex and magnitude of its change was weak.
Assisted Living Residents With Dementia: Being Out in the World and Negotiating Connections
Authors: Ciofi Joy M , Kemp Candace L , Bender Alexis A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPersons living with dementia, including long-term care residents, and their care partners emphasize the importance of meaningful engagement and stress the need for activity and opportunities to go outdoors or offsite. Yet, little is known about getting out in this population. Here, our objectives are to (a) identify residents’ opportunities for, and experiences with, getting out; (b) understand the significance of getting out; and (c) explain influential factors.Research Design and MethodsGuided by grounded theory methods, we analyzed qualitative data collected over a 1-year period in 4 diverse assisted living communities. We followed 33 residents with dementia and their care partners. Data include detailed fieldnotes capturing 1,560 observation hours, 114 interviews with residents (where possible), assisted living staff, family members, and other visitors, and record review.ResultsWe identified the centrality of “being out in the world and negotiating connections,” which characterizes residents’ experiences with the outside world as a process of “working out” engagement with nature, others, and the community. Being out in the world was consequential to well-being and quality of life. Most residents got out at least occasionally; some lacked opportunities. Among residents who got out, most benefitted from ensuing connections. Yet, not all experiences were positive. Being out in the world varied over time and by individual-, care convoy-, assisted living community-, and neighborhood-level factors.Discussion and ImplicationsWe discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice surrounding meaningful engagement among persons with dementia, including during crises such as the pandemic.
Logistics distribution de-carbonization pathways and effect in China: a systematic analysis using VRPSDP model
Authors: Ning Tao , Wang Jiayu , Han Yumeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to reduce the carbon emission and improve the de-carbonization in distribution of vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup (VRPSDP), a two-stage disruption management method based on the changes of customer demand is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a mathematics model of VRPSDP is established to optimize the parameters and the distribution carbon emission cost and time window deviation. Next, several carbon emission equations in VRPSDP are inducted and designed. Considering the strong global searching ability of quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) and combing the advantages of superposition and parallelism of quantum computing, a multi-phase QPSO (MQPSO) is proposed to enhance global searching ability. At last, on the basis of Solomon examples, the validity of the proposed model and MQPSO is tested and compared with the classical algorithms at present. The simulation results show that the proposed method can not only achieve the goal of performance but also meet the practical requirements of reducing carbon emissions in VRPSDP.