bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple and Efficient Realization of Transverse Linear Dark Beams by Azimuthal Phase-Shifted Square Zone Plate
Authors: Asghari Shahrbanoo , Sabatyan Arash 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Herein, we are about to introduce a novel, reliable and straightforward method to create controllable dark lines employing an azimuthal square zone plate. As a matter of fact, this diffractive element is a square zone plate whose zones are phase-shifted azimuthally. As we illustrate, one way to construct it is combining a square zone plate and radial grating having period m. Considering its focusing behavior, we came to the result that a dark line surrounded by linear bright zones is generated for odd m, as well as a cross-like dark zone is produced when m is even. Furthermore, we illustrate that the length of the dark lines depends on the grating period. Finally, the simulation predictions are verified by experimental results.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy with Glomerular Igm Deposits
Authors: Xu Yu-Zhu , Huang Na-Ya , Qiu Ya-Gui , Chen Xiong-Hui , Li Zhi-Jian , Chen Wei , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGlomerular IgM deposition is commonly shown in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), but the clinicopathological features and outcomes of IMN with IgM deposition are unclear.MethodsThis single-center prospective cohort study enrolled 210 patients with biopsy-proven IMN from January 2016 to December 2018. Clinicopathological features, treatment responses, and kidney outcomes were compared between patients with and without IgM deposition.Results76 (36.2%) patients shown glomerular IgM deposition. Patients with IgM deposition were younger (45±13.296 vs. 50.59±13.65 years, P=0.006), had a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (100.03 [81.31–111.37] vs. 92.67 [74.71–106.63] mL/min/1.73 m2, P=0.041), and had a lower proportion of nephrotic syndrome (60.5% vs. 75.4%, P=0.024) at the time of kidney biopsy. Patients with IgM deposition had a significantly higher proportion of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) lesions (27.6% vs. 13.4%, P=0.011) and C1q deposition (72.4% vs. 57.5%, P=0.032). Although the treatments and initial treatment responses were comparable, patients with glomerular IgM deposition had a significantly greater proportion of eGFR decline of ≥5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (log-rank test, P<0.001) and eGFR decrease of ≥10% from baseline (log-rank test, P=0.003). Cox regression analysis showed that IgM deposition was an independent risk factor of eGFR decline of ≥5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (HR, 2.442; 95% CI, 1.550–3.848, P<0.001) and eGFR decline by ≥10% from baseline (HR, 2.629; 95% CI, 1.578–4.385, P<0.001) during follow-up.ConclusionsGlomerular IgM deposition is associated with younger age, more severe FSGS lesions and C1q deposition, and worse renal outcomes in IMN.
Acute Coronary Syndrome in Malaysian Octogenarian: Trends in Demographics and In-Hospital Managements
Authors: Suki Siti Zaleha , Zuhdi Ahmad Syadi Mahmood , Yahya Abqariyah , Zaharan Nur Lisa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Octogenarians have often been neglected in the populational study of disease despite being at the highest point of non-modifiable disease risk burden and the fastest-growing age group for the past decade. This study examined the characteristics and in-hospital management of octogenarian patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Method: This retrospective study utilised the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease- ACS (NCVD-ACS) registry. Patients ≥ 80 years old admitted with ACS at 23 participating hospitals from 2008 to 2017 (n=3,080) were identified. Demographics, in-hospital intervention, and evidence-based pharmacotherapies were examined. Binary logistic regression was used.Results: Octogenarians made up 3.8% of patients with ACS in the NCVD-ACS registry (53% men, mean age=83.3, SD±3.4) within the 10-year. The largest ethnic group was Chinese (44%). Hypertension (78%) was the main CV risk factor. Most octogenarians (90.4%) have multiple CV risk factors. Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) predominated (38%, p<0.001). Only 10% of octogenarians with ACS underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the majority being STEMI patients (17.5%; p<0.05). More than 80% were prescribed aspirin (91.3%) either alone or combined, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (83.3%), anticoagulants (89.7%) and statins (89.6%), while less than half were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (47.6%) and beta-blocker (43.0%). From 2008 until 2017, there were positive increments in cardiovascular intervention and pharmacotherapies. Men were more likely to receive PCI than women (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.698; 95%CI: 0.490-0.993). Those with NSTEMI (OR=0.402, 95% CI: 0.278-0.583) and unstable angina (UA) (OR=0.229, 95% CI: 0.143-0.366 were less likely to receive PCI but more likely to be given anticoagulants (NSTEMI, OR=1.543, 95% CI: 1.111-2.142; UA, OR=1.610, 95% CI: 1.120-2.314) than STEMI octogenarians. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities influences management. For example, those with congestive heart failure were more likely to be given PCI and evidence-based pharmacotherapies.Conclusion: Despite being the most vulnerable age group, octogenarians were conservatively treated with evidence-based treatment of ACS. As it is expected that the number of octogenarians with ACS will continue to increase thus the country needs to prepare to improve the management of this specific group of patients.
Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance and ESBL Carriage in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Broiler Chicken in the West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Fonbah Leinyuy Jude , Ali Innocent Mbulli , Karimo Ousenu , Tume Christopher B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens of animal origin is a growing concern. In particular, antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae of clinical importance has been on the rise. Identifying and monitoring resistance patterns in residual intestinal microflora in poultry are of great significance in the containment of antimicrobial resistance. The current study aimed to detect Enterobacteriaceae among broiler chicken and determine key antibiotic resistance patterns in isolates from poultry chicken in the West Region of Cameroon.Results: 275 cloacal swabs were collected from 28 poultry farms in 11 locations in 5 out of the 8 Divisions in the West Region. All samples tested positive for Enterobacteriaceae with an average of 3 different colonies per sample. 394 isolates were obtained belonging to 12 different Genera of Enterobacteriaceae distributed as 81 (20.56 %) Escherichia spp, 74 (18.78 %) Salmonella spp, 39 (9.90 %) Klebsiella spp, 38 (9.64 %) Proteus spp, 34 (8.63 %) Citrobacter spp, 31 (7.87 %) Enterobacter spp, 28 (7.87%) Providencia spp, 19 (4.82%) Hafnia spp, 15 (3.30 %) Shigella spp, 14 (3.55 %) Raoultella spp, 13 (3.30 %) Yersinia spp and 8 (1.78 %) Morgenella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing on isolates showed the following overall resistance to the various antibiotics tested: amoxicillin 345 (87.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 227 (57.8%), ceftriaxone 79 (20.1%), cefotaxime 65 (16.5%), imipenem 16 (4.1%), gentamicin 58 (14.5%), amikacin 12 (3.1%), ciprofloxacin 142 (37.1%), levofloxacin 124 (33.1%) and doxycycline 380 (96.7). 217 (55.1 %) were resistant to at least one antibiotic class of choice against Enterobacteriaceae, 80 (20.3 %) resistant to at least one cephalosporin, 164 (41.62 %) resistant to at least one quinolone and 66 (16.75 %) resistant to at least one aminoglycoside.173 (44.0%) showed MDR and 84 (21.32 %) were ESBL producers. Poor sanitation increased Enterobacteriaceae carriage, antibiotic misuse and long periods of rearing increased the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance, MDR and ESBL production. Conclusion: Poor sanitation in poultries caused high Enterobacteriaceae carriage in subjects. This high co-infection coupled with antibiotic abuse caused high prevalence of resistance, MDR and ESBL production. These outcomes showed relatively uniform distribution across the area of study.
A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Medical and Pharmacy Students Regarding Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Toward Self-Medication in Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Alduraibi Razan Khalid , altowayan Waleed mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-Medication (SM) is common practice worldwide in both developed and developing countries. SM is referred as self consuming of medication without consulting a physician for either diagnosis or treatment. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices toward SM among medical and pharmacy students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and pharmacy students in Qassim university, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, during the period 2020-2021.Multistage random sampling technique was used to recruit students. The data were collected through questionnaire.Results: Three hundred and sixteen of 342 students were recruited. This study showed that the majority (94.6%) of students had good knowledge of self-medication. Additionally, the following characteristics were significantly associated with good knowledge: being female, and Pharmacy students. Overall mean score for the attitudes towards self-medication shows that 58.4% of the total sample had high agreements towards the questions of the attitudes toward self-medication. More than half (63.9%) of the students reported that they practice self- medication in the last 6 months. Pain killers was the most common medication used for self- medication by the majority of the students (88.29%). The majority (77.8%) of respondents reported that they feel confident about the use of self-medication. Conclusions: In conclusion, students' knowledge of self-medication appears to be good and significantly high among pharmacy students in comparison to medical students. Therefor, medical and pharmacy students should be viewed as important contributors to the public health care system, and future health professionals should be properly educated on good pharmacy practice and responsible self-medication.Trial registration: Not applicable
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Associated Risk Factors of Wrist Fractures in Americans Above 50: the Cross-sectional NHANES Study
Authors: Ye Juncai , Li Qiao , Nie Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWrist fractures, also known as distal radius fractures, are the most common fractures occurred in the upper limb. This study is conducted in the purpose of evaluating the prevalence, characteristics, and associated factors of wrist fractures in Americans that aged 50 and above.MethodsData of Americans aged 50 or above from the year 2013 to 2014 and 2017 to 2018 in NHANES was extracted and analyzed. Based on orthopedist's diagnosis, we further conducted surveys to determine the condition of wrist fractures, and collected relevant epidemiological and demographic data. The prevalence of wrist fractures and other statistics were calculated to study population characteristics and analyze potential risk factors associated with wrist fractures.ResultsThe prevalence of wrist fractures among Americans whose age was 50 or above was 12%, with similar results between men and women patients (male 12.8 % vs female 11.4 %, P = 0.267). Male and female Americans’ first wrist fracture occurred at a mean age of 29.4. 17.8% of Americans aged 50 and above had experienced two fractures, while 1.7% of Americans even experienced four or more fractures. The top two causes of the first fracture were falling down from standing height (56%) and violent falls (34.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that osteoporosis (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.7-2.9), excessive drinking (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.4), smoking (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.1), prednisolone administration (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1) and obesity (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9) were independently associated with wrist fractures. Gender was not an independent risk factor associated with wrist fractures.ConclusionsThe prevalence of wrist fractures in Americans aged 50 and above was 12 %. The prevalence was similar between male and female patients. Falling from a standing height was the main cause of the first wrist fracture. Osteoporosis, excessive drinking, smoking and prednisolone administration were risk factors of wrist fractures, while obesity was negatively correlated.
Evaluation of Auto-Planning in VMAT for Locally Advaced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Jihong Chen , Kaiqiang Chen , Yitao Dai , Xiuchun Zhang , Yanyu Chen , penggang Bai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of Auto-Planning module for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 22 patients with locally advanced NPC were enrolled in this study. For each patient, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were generated manually by an experienced physicist and automatically by the Auto-Planning module. The dose distribution, dosimetric parameters, monitor units and planning time were compared between automatic plans (APs) and manual plans (MPs). Meanwhile, the overall stage of disease was factored into the evaluation. The targets dose coverage of APs was similar to that of MPs. For most of the organs at risk (OARs) except spial cord, the dose parameters of APs were superior to that of MPs. The Dmax and V50 of brain-stem were statistically decreased by 1.0 Gy and 1.32% respectively, while the Dmax of optic nerves and optic chiasm were also lower in the APs (both P < 0.05). APs provide a similar or superior plan quality to MPs in most cases, except for several patients with stage IV. The dose differences for most OARs were similar between the two types of plans and independent of the overall stage. Nevertheless, the APs provided better brain-stem sparing in patients with stage III, while better the parotid glands sparing in patients with stage IV. Moreover, the monitor units and planning time were significantly decreased in the APs. In general, Auto-Planning was a potential technology on the implementation of VMAT treatment planning for locally advanced NPC.
Effects of the shed skin aqueous extract of the non-poisonous snake, Ptyas mucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) on the development of the ovotestis of Onchidium tigrinum (Stoliczka 1869) (Systellommatophora: Eupulmonata: Gastropoda)
Authors: ROY SOUMEN , Ghosh Saumita , Ghorai Narayan , Saha Samir , Dasgupta Subir , Chaki Korak Kanti 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The snake shed skin has long been used in folk as ethnomedicine for the treatment of various therapeutic purposes. The present study investigates the effects of the shed skin aqueous extract (SSAE) of the nonpoisonous snake Ptyas mucosus on the development of the ovotestis of the hermaphrodite slug, Onchidium tigrinum. The ovotestis consists of numerous ovoid-shaped acini, include both spermatogenesis and oogenesis. It is observed that the nonpoisonous SSAE has some significant detrimental effects on the gametogenesis of the slug only on direct contact into the body fluid of the individuals, otherwise, the SSAE has no significant harmful effect on the ovotestis constituents. The most noticeable pathological effects in spermatogenesis are - the arrangement of developing sperm bundles and their typical twisting pattern have deteriorated, the head of the sperm become a small bead-like structure, the pyramidal development of the spermatogenic cells is lower in number in the acini. On the other hand, the oocyte lost its basal integrity with the acinar boundary. The oolemma of the oocytes becomes irregularly shrank. Some small ooplasmic blebbing have commonly been found near the oolemma. The cell membrane of most of the cells in the acini has been damaged and several bare nuclei have frequently been observed in the acinar space. The somatic cells such as Sertoli cells, follicle cells, etc. in the acini appeared as the cellular remnants. It advocates that the SSAE has more detrimental effects on the oogenic cells than that of the spermatogenic cells in the mollusc.
Health Expenditure, Institutions, and Economic Growth: Insights From Selected MENA Countries
Authors: Faruk Bashir Umar , Haque Mohammad Imdadul , Tausif Mohammad Rumzi , Khan Md Riyazuddin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Health expenditure plays an important role in nation-building. Moreover, the current wave of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of health investments in maintaining a healthier economy across the world. Quite a significant number of empirical research undertaken on the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth produce mixed results. The study plans to study the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth and the role of institutions in causing health expenditure to promote growth. The study analyses this relationship using the case of seven selected MENA countries between 2000 and 2017. The Pedroni cointegration test reports a long-run cointegrating relationship between the variables. However, the Granger Causality test finds no casual relationships between health expenditure and economic growth. The study further applies panel OLS, FMOLS, and DOLS, and the result from all three models shows that health expenditure does not directly contribute to higher economic growth in the MENA countries. The study argues that this is possibly due to inadequate institutional quality. However, it is understandable that there must be indirect effects of health expenditure on economic growth through better human capital. Finally, the study discusses policy options to improve institutional quality indicators to tap the benefits and contribute positively to economic growth in the region.
Mechanism of Hip Arthropathy in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Abnormal Myeloperoxidase
Authors: Yu Chaojie , Liu Chong , Liang Tuo , Liao Shian , Chen Liyi , Huang Risheng , Sun Xunhua , Ye Zhen , Guo Hao , Yao Yuanli , Zhan Xinli , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammation of the joints and spine. Its pathogenesis has not been elucidated, especially involving hip joint disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the proteome of diseased hip in AS and to identify key protein biomarkers. We used label-free quantification combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to screen for differentially expressed proteins in hip ligament samples between AS and No-AS groups. Key protein was screened by Bioinformatics methods and verified by in vitro experiments. There were 3755 identified proteins, of which 92.916% were quantified. 193 DEPs (49 up-regulated proteins and 144 down-regulated proteins) were identified according to P < 0.01 and Log|FC| > 1. DEPs were mainly involved in cell compartment, including the vacuolar lumen, azurophil granule,primary lysosome, etc. The main KEGG pathway included Phagosome, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Lysine degradation, Pentose phosphate pathway. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was identified as a key protein participated in Phagosome pathway, which induces hip lesions in ankylosing spondylitis. Further experiments confirmed that MPO promoted the inflammatory response of fibroblasts in AS-affected hip joint.
Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Efforts for Tobacco Control in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Heeje , Kang Minah , Yoon Sangchul , Park Kee B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tobacco use is one of the main public health concerns as it causes multiple diseases. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) is one of the 168 signatory countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) member states agreed to adopt the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, there is lack of information regarding the tobacco use in the DPRK and the government’s efforts for tobacco control. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of tobacco use among the DPRK people and the government’s efforts to control tobacco use among its population, through literature review combined with online media content analysis. In 2020, the prevalence of tobacco smoking in males of 15 years and older was 46.1%, whereas that in females was zero. The online media contents showed the DPRK government’s stewardship to promote population health by controlling tobacco use. Furthermore, the DPRK government has taken steps to implement the mandates of the FCTC including introduction of new laws, promotion of research, development of cessation aids, as well as public health campaigns.
Immunotherapy Using HistobulinTM In Psoriasis: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Hyuk Soon , Noh Geunwoong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: There is no cure for psoriasis. Early treatment using biologics is recommended to improve skin manifestations and reduce systemic inflammation, which leads to comorbidities in various organs.Case Presentation: HistobulinTM therapy was performed on a psoriasis patient who developed the disorder due to allergic rhinitis. Psoriasis was confirmed pathologically by skin biopsy. The patient responded rapidly, and the skin manifestations began to improve after just the first injection. Although the patient showed some temporary aggravation after the third injection, the clinical symptoms and signs improved continuously thereafter and disappeared after the eighth injection. Remission was induced and was evident when the patient showed no symptoms and signs during the subsequent 4 weeks during which time the patient received 4 more injections; afterwards, HistobulinTM therapy was ceased. After treatment, psoriasis did not recur for more than 6 months.Conclusions: HistobulinTM is effective and induces remission in psoriasis patients. HistobulinTM is suggested for curative therapeutics in psoriasis patients, and further basic research and clinical evaluation are necessary.
Ecological-niche modeling of genetically distinct populations revealed Kersting’s groundnut [Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal et Baudet] as a resilient orphan crop to present and future climates
Authors: Coulibaly Mariam , Idohou Rodrigue , Akohoue Félicien , Peterson Andrew Townsend , Sawadogo Mahamadou , Achigan-Dako Enoch Gbenato 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Orphan legume crops play an important role in smallholder farmers’ food systems. Though less documented, they have the potential to contribute to adequate nutrition in vulnerable communities. Unfortunately, data are scarce about the potential of those crops to withstand current and future climate variations. Using Macrotyloma geocarpum as an example, we used genetically informed ecological niche models to explore the role of ecology on the current and future distributions of genetic populations of Kersting’s groundnut. Three main conclusions emerged: i) the models had good predictive power, indicating that M. geocarpum’s distribution was correlated with both climatic and soil layers; ii) identity and similarity tests revealed that the two genetic groups while overlapping, are each, locally adapted and display differences in climate suitability; iii) by integrating the genetic information in niche modeling, niches projections show divergence in the response of the species and genetic populations to ongoing climate change. This study highlights the importance of incorporating genetic data into ENM approaches to obtain a finer information of species’ future distribution, and explores the implications for agricultural adaptation, with a particular focus on identifying priority actions in orphan crops conservation and breeding.