bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does ICT influence residents' attitudes towards tourism as a driver of development? A generalised ordered logistic regression analysis
Authors: De Lucia Caterina , Pazienza Pasquale , Balena Pasquale 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the residents' attitudes to tourism as a driver of regional development and the impact of digital technologies on these perceptions. This work considers a ‘lagging behind’ region of the EU and employs a generalised ordered logit regression. The main findings suggest that the positive attitude is affected by the digital technology use, education, non‐job variables and touristic products such as landscape, food and wine and events. As a result, the digital technology and the enhancement of touristic products may serve as important factors for ‘lagging behind’ regions to meet a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
Potentialities of mass spectrometry on activation energy and secondary reactions determination of calcium oxalate thermal decomposition
Authors: Campostrini Renzo , Grigiante Maurizio , Brighenti Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work investigates the potentialities of the thermal analysis (TA) coupled with the mass spectrometry (MS) technique by studying the thermal decomposition of calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4·H2O). The aim of this work is twofold: to demonstrate, at first, the efficacy of coupling the thermal gravimetric (TG)‐MS experimental approach to check the presence of intermediate reactions beyond the conventional three‐step decomposition: dehydration, decarbonylation, and decarbonation; second, to test the reliability of different modeling approaches in determining the activation energy (E) including, as innovative alternative, the use of the MS signals. The TA is carried out at selected constant heating rates by recording both the thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis) profiles, and, simultaneously from the MS data, the signals of the total ion current and the ion currents selected to monitor the release of the H2O, CO, and CO2 species. These experimental results are effective in determining the E through different modeling approaches based on the maximum reaction rate method and isoconversional procedures including both TG and MS signals. Coupling the TA‐MS technique has allowed us to check the concurrent presence of the dismutation reaction of carbon monoxide, occurring during the decarbonylation event, and to determine the corresponding E value (E = 169.7 kJ/mol). These results present a surprising correlation between the global enthalpy of the two reactions involved in this second step and their activation energy values. On the whole, the results satisfy the conventional constraints usually adopted to test the reliability of the E results and are consistent with the majority of the datasets published in the literature on this subject.
Risks and Benefits of Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Cerebral Palsy With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Authors: End Christopher , Propst Evan J. , Cushing Sharon L. , McKinnon Nicole K. , Narang Indra , Amin Reshma , Chiang Jackie , Al‐Saleh Suhail , Matava Clyde , Wolter Nikolaus E. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives/HypothesisAssess the risks and benefits of adenotonsillectomy (AT) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Registry from 1946 to 2021. Broad search concepts included cerebral palsy, pediatric, tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, and sleep. Additional articles were identified by searching reference lists. Studies on the safety and efficacy of AT for OSA management in children with CP were included.ResultsFifteen articles met inclusion criteria. Articles were classified into one or more of four themes: intraoperative risk (n = 1), postoperative risk (n = 3), postoperative care requirements (n = 6), and surgical outcomes (n = 7). No intraoperative anesthetic complications were reported. Postoperatively, respiratory complications including pneumonia were common and necessitated additional airway management. Following AT, children with CP required close postoperative observation, experienced increased lengths of stay, and had increased odds of unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Benefits following AT were improvement in OSA as measured by a reduction in obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (OAHI) as well as improved quality of life in some; however, many patients went on to require tracheostomy due to persistent OSA.ConclusionsChildren with CP who undergo AT have a significant risk of developing a postoperative respiratory complication. Realistic counseling of families around increased perioperative risks in this population is imperative and close postoperative monitoring is critical. Many children will obtain a reduction in OAHI, but additional surgical management is often required, including tracheostomy. Further research is needed to determine the best management strategy for OSA in children with CP. Laryngoscope, 132:687–694, 2022
Overburdening of peer reviewers: A multi‐stakeholder perspective on causes and effects
Authors: Severin Anna , Chataway Joanna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeer review of manuscripts is labour‐intensive and time‐consuming. Individual reviewers might feel themselves overburdened with the amount of reviewing they are requested to do. Aiming to explore how stakeholder groups perceive reviewing burden and what they believe to be the causes of a potential overburdening of reviewers, we conducted focus groups with early‐, mid‐, and senior career scholars, editors, and publishers. By means of a thematic analysis, we aimed to identify the causes of overburdening of reviewers. First, we show that, across disciplines and roles, stakeholders believed that the reviewing burden is distributed unequally across members of the academic community, resulting in the overburdening of small groups of reviewers. Second, stakeholders believed this to be caused by (i) an increase in manuscript submissions; (ii) inefficient manuscript handling; (iii) lack of institutionalization of peer review; (iv) lack of reviewing instructions and (v) inadequate reviewer recruiting strategies. These themes were assumed to relate to an inadequate incentive structure in academia that favours publications over peer review. In order to alleviate reviewing burden, a holistic approach is required that addresses both the increased demand for and the insufficient supply of reviewing resources.
Applying fluorescence in situ hybridization to aquatic systems with cyanobacteria blooms: Autofluorescence suppression and high‐throughput image analysis
Authors: Cohen Ashley B. , Novkov‐Bloom Asher , Wesselborg Christian , Yagudaeva Milana , Aranguiz Elizabeth , Taylor Gordon T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) are expanding geographically in both fresh and marine water bodies due to coastal eutrophication and global climate change and are restructuring the microbial ecology of these systems. Cyanobacterial autofluorescence can pose a significant impediment to accurately identifying prokaryotic taxonomic groups in environmental samples using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This can hinder our ability to accurately quantify, and therefore fully understand ecological changes. As abundances of FISH target cells and autofluorescent cells can often be of the same the order of magnitude, simply subtracting average autofluorescent cell concentrations—determined from enumerating unhybridized samples—yields apparent concentrations of target cells with unacceptably large analytical uncertainty. Here we present a CuSO4/EtOH chemical pretreatment protocol that significantly reduces undesirable autofluorescence in hybridized environmental samples. We apply a novel data filtration routine to FISH images that efficiently removes residual autofluorescent cells from final cell counts. We then subject images to an automated image analysis routine that accurately enumerates probe‐positive cells. This method is inexpensive and easy to implement as part of a routine FISH workflow. By applying this method to cyanobacteria rich samples, we can better understand how microbial community changes are contributing to globally changing biogeochemical cycles.
Synthesis and Post‐Polymerization Modification of Defined Functional Poly(vinyl ether)s
Authors: Butzelaar Andreas J. , Schneider Sven , Molle Edgar , Theato Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiving cationic polymerization is known for a good control over chain growth yielding polymers with well‐defined molar mass distributions and low dispersities. However, the practical challenges involved in the synthesis of poly(vinyl ether)s limited suitable post‐polymerization modifications (PPM) via chemoselective click reactions. Herein the successful controlled cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers bearing pendant CC double and C≡C triple bonds using a single‐component initiation under ambient conditions is reported. Furthermore, the PPM via thiol‐ene/‐yne and copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction of the obtained polymers is successfully realized laying the foundation for the synthesis of unprecedented functional poly(vinyl ether)s.
A pH‐Triggered Polymer Degradation or Drug Delivery System by Light‐Mediated Cis/Trans Isomerization of o‐Hydroxy Cinnamates
Authors: Abramov Alex , Maiti Binoy , Keridou Ina , Puiggalí Jordi , Reiser Oliver , Díaz David Díaz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new methodology for the pH‐triggered degradation of polymers or for the release of drugs under visible light irradiation based on the cyclization of ortho‐hydroxy‐cinnamates (oHC) to coumarins is described. The key oHC structural motif can be readily incorporated into the rational design of novel photocleavable polymers via click chemistry. This main‐chain moiety undergoes a fast photocleavage when irradiated with 455 nm light provided that a suitable base is added. A series of polyethylene glycol‐alt‐ortho‐hydroxy cinnamate (polyethylene glycol (PEG)n‐alt‐oHC)‐based polymers are synthesized and the time‐dependent visible‐light initiated cleavage of the photoactive monomer and polymer is investigated in solution by a variety of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. The photo‐degradation behavior of the water‐soluble poly(PEG2000‐alt‐oHC) is investigated within a broad pH range (pH = 2.1–11.8), demonstrating fast degradation at pH 11.8, while the stability of the polymer is greatly enhanced at pH 2.1. Moreover, the neat polymer shows long‐term stability under daylight conditions, thus allowing its storage without special precautions. In addition, two water‐soluble PEG‐based drug‐carrier molecules (mPEG2000‐oHC‐benzhydrol/phenol) are synthesized and used for drug delivery studies, monitoring the process by UV–vis spectroscopy in an ON/OFF intermittent manner.
Application of multi‐criteria decision‐making approach in healthcare surgical management
Authors: Gardas Bhaskar B. , Ghongade Nilesh P. , Jagtap Annasaheb H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe decision‐making process in healthcare systems, especially in the area of surgical management is generally considered to have a low level of transparency; hence, effective decision‐making plays a vital role in the case sector. Non‐union of a fracture is dependent on many critical causative factors and in the past healthcare management studies, several research activities highlighted the influence of various causative factors on non‐union. However, none of the studies neither tried to prioritise the factors nor identified the interrelationship between them. In the present research, through literature review and opinions of seven surgeons' 10 causative factors of non‐union were shortlisted and they were analysed and modelled by a multi‐criteria decision‐making tool. The total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) methodology was used for identifying the mutual relationships among the causative factors and for developing a hierarchical structure. Also, the MICMAC approach was employed to identify the significant/dominant factors. The results of the TISM approach and MICMAC analysis revealed that ‘Alcohol abuse’ was found to be the most significant causative factor followed by ‘use of tobacco’, and ‘inappropriate dynamisation’ was found to be the least important. This study intends to guide the medical practitioners and healthcare managers in understanding the mutual influence of the causative factors and prioritisation of the same. Further, it helps them to carry out the surgical management effectively.
Dysfunction in Sertoli cells participates in glucocorticoid‐induced impairment of spermatogenesis
Authors: Ren Li , Zhang Yanwen , Xin Yining , Chen Guo , Sun Xiaoxiao , Chen Yingqi , He Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effect of stress on male fertility is a widespread public health issue, but less is known about the related signaling pathway. To investigate this, we established a hypercortisolism mouse model by supplementing the drinking water with corticosterone for four weeks. In the hypercortisolism mice, the serum corticosterone was much higher than in the control, and serum testosterone was significantly decreased. Moreover, corticosterone treatment induced decrease of sperm counts and increase of teratozoospermia. Increased numbers of multinucleated giant cells and apoptotic germ cells as well as downregulated meiotic markers suggested that corticosterone induced impaired spermatogenesis. Further, upregulation of macrophage‐specific marker antigen F4/80 as well as inflammation‐related genes suggested that corticosterone induced inflammation in the testis. Lactate content was found to be decreased in the testis and Sertoli cells after corticosterone treatment, and lactate metabolism‐related genes were downregulated. In vitro phagocytosis assays showed that the phagocytic activity in corticosterone‐treated Sertoli cells was downregulated and accompanied by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, while pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‐4 inhibitor supplementation restored this process. Taken together, our results demonstrated that dysfunctional phagocytosis capacity and lactate metabolism in Sertoli cells participates in corticosterone‐induced impairment of spermatogenesis.
Urban green space soundscapes and their perceived restorativeness
Authors: Uebel Konrad , Marselle Melissa , Dean Angela J. , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Bonn Aletta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The positive influence of urban green spaces on human health and well‐being is well known while the pathways are little understood. Past research has largely focused on visual stimuli, yet the auditory pathway is also an important means for contact with nature.

The sonic environments of urban green spaces, however, are rarely entirely natural and many differ in their composition of natural sounds and anthropogenic noise. Few studies have investigated how these differences may impact the restorative potential of these soundscapes and, in particular, how the presence of traffic noise may constrain the benefits of natural sounds.

To address this gap, we examined differences in the perceived restorativeness and perceived restorative outcomes across a gradient of eight park soundscapes that differed in bird and traffic sounds. In a laboratory setting, 162 participants listened to sound samples and reported on perceptions of the soundscapes and restorative potential and outcomes.

The results strongly indicate that park soundscapes with a rich array of perceived bird sounds and minimal perceived traffic noise offer the greatest perceived restoration. Traffic noise was found to moderate the positive effect of bird sounds. The duration of time lived in the city and noise sensitivity were also positively associated with greater perceived restorative benefits while noise‐sensitive people were also more negatively affected by traffic noise.

The promotion of highly natural soundscapes in urban green spaces and the reduction of traffic noise can provide nature‐based solutions to human health and well‐being in urban areas.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Invasion landscapes as social‐ecological systems: Role of social factors in invasive plant species control
Authors: Yletyinen Johanna , Perry George L. W. , Burge Olivia R. , Mason Norman W. H. , Stahlmann‐Brown Philip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity and human well‐being. Scientists and environmental managers typically seek ecological solutions to the biological invasion problem. However, micro‐scale social factors, such as landowner attitudes and social interactions that underlie landowners’ willingness to control invasive species, may provide an important lever for controlling biological invasions. Yet, compared to our ecological understanding of invasion dynamics, little is known about the effect of micro‐level social factors on the efficiency of invasive species control.

Here, we determine how landowners’ micro‐scale social factors contribute to the efficiency of invasive species control, that is, landowners’ ability to contain or eradicate invasion at landscape level. First, we survey landowners across New Zealand to gain an understanding of the social factors that affect their willingness and ability to control invasive conifers. Then, we disentangle how micro‐scale social factors influence landscape‐level patterns of conifer invasion using a social‐ecological simulation model. We estimate the influence of social factors individually and through their aggregated effects.

We found that micro‐scale social factors can determine the efficiency of invasion control to the extent that higher level management strategies, such as early detection of the invasion, become irrelevant. Our experiments support a management strategy for New Zealand conifer invasion that is based on targeting both social and ecological factors. Combining establishment of shared rules for control participation that target socially conditioned behaviour with coordination of control action based on the aggressiveness of the invasion can amplify the efficiency of control at landscape level.

Our survey shows that New Zealand landowners are generally highly motivated to control the invasion, but they also adapt their control behaviour to that of others and are limited by the cost of control. The results indicate that integrating such adaptive landowner behaviour with ecological invasion dynamics can, over time, create feedbacks that decrease landowners’ ability to control the invasion.

This study demonstrates that failure to consider how social and ecological factors interact in invasion landscapes can lead to suboptimal control programs and irreversible environmental change. A social‐ecological perspective on biological invasions will significantly improve our ability to explain and manage invasion dynamics.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A sustainable model for pediatric oncology nursing education and capacity building in Latin American hospitals: Evolution and impact of a nurse educator network
Authors: Sullivan Courtney E. , Segovia Weber Lorena , Viveros Lamas Paola , Metzger Monika L. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Day Sara W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThrough an “educate‐the‐educator” twinning model, pediatric oncology nurse educator roles and programs have been established at hospitals in Latin America since 2008. However, with increasing demand for nurse educator programs in the region, a twinning approach was no longer sustainable. Thus, a “nurse educator network” approach was established to scale adaptable, standardized multisite education and quality initiatives. The development, expansion, and impact of a sustainable network approach for pediatric oncology nursing capacity building in Latin America is described. The educator network approach serves as a potential model for other geographical regions. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) impact and adaptations are addressed.
Metal‐free catalytic activation and borylation of the ––H bond of 1‐methyl pyrrole using adamantane‐derived aminoborane frustrated Lewis pairs: A density functional theory study
Authors: Patel Tulsi R. , Ganguly Bishwajit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFrustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry has developed as a novel strategy for catalysis in organic chemistry and opened a new metal‐free organic catalysis area for synthesizing various compounds of interest. Adamantane as molecular scaffolds used to design new sets of FLPs (ambiphilic molecules) for the –
–H activation and subsequent borylation of 1‐methyl pyrrole employing DFT (wB97XD/6‐31 + G (d,p)) level of theory. The saturated hydrocarbon showed improvement in the energetics of –
–H activation and subsequent borylation of 1‐methyl pyrrole compared with the unsaturated phenylene FLPs employed for such reactions. The Lewis acid and Lewis base characters are augmented with adamantyl‐derived FLPs, and the monomers responsible for the catalytic activity are also energetically more stable compared with their corresponding dimers. The H2 extrusion and the electrophilic borylation steps are energetically comparable on the Gibbs free energy surface in cases of 1‐NMe2‐2‐BH2‐C6H4 (I) and 1‐Pip‐2‐BH2‐C6H4 (II). The relative free energy barriers of activations of such steps have been significantly lowered with adamantyl scaffold FLPs by ~5.5 and ~3.7 kcal/mol for 1‐NMe2‐2‐BH2‐4‐F‐C10H13 (B) and ~5.6 and ~4.9 kcal/mol for 1‐Pip‐2‐BH2‐4‐F‐C10H13 (D), respectively. The enhanced reactivity of adamantyl FLPs has been rationalized with a molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) study. The nucleophilic and electrophilic characters of Lewis base and Lewis acid have been calculated using the conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) that support the results of the MESP study. The saturated scaffold FLPs can be promising candidates to improve the efficiency of catalysts in many reactions.