bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cataract Surgery on Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Azam Shua , Talpur Abdul Hameed , Shaheen Mahak , Bukhari Sadia 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine the change in intraocular pressure after cataract surgery in patients diagnosed with glaucoma.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Glaucoma Clinic. Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital (AIEH) Karachi, Pakistan from May to October, 2019.
Methods: Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with glaucoma and cataract and registered in glaucoma clinic were recruited for this study. Inclusion Criteria was age > 41 years and patients diagnosed with primary open/closed angle glaucoma and cataract. Patients with secondary glaucoma, history of trabeculectomy and any other ocular diseases were excluded from the study. Pre-operative assessment was done for phacoemulsification. In post-operative examination, first and second follow-up IOP was measured. Data analysis was done on statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.0. Statistical changes were present in the form of bar chart, frequency and graphs. The mean standard deviation for pre-operative, post-operative 1st and 2nd follow-up IOP was calculated.
Results: A total of 38 participants and 48 eyes satisfied the inclusion criteria. Out of 48 eyes, 39 (81.3%) eyes were diagnosed with Primary open angle glaucoma and 9 (18.8%) eyes with Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma. The pre-operative mean IOP was 16.56 ± 6.67 mm Hg and post-operative mean IOP at first follow-up was 13.39 ± 4.04 mm Hg. At second follow-up at one-month mean IOP was 12.14 ± 2.28 mm Hg.
Conclusion: Phacoemulsification produces a useful decrease in IOP in glaucoma patients.
Key Word: Glaucoma, Cataract, Phacoemulsification, Intraocular Pressure.
Effect of Oral Contraceptive Pills on Tear Film Status and Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Kamil Zeeshan , Qurban Qirat , Mahmood Khalid 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To find out the effect of oral contraceptive pills on tear film and intraocular pressure of women of reproductive age group.
Study Design: Observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Khalid Eye clinic, Karachi, from February 2019 to January 2020.
Methods: Eighty females between the 20 to 40 years of age were recruited for this study. They were divided into two groups of forty each. Group A included females using oral contraceptive pills for at least last nine months. Whereas, group B included control group of age matched females not using any contraceptive pills. The study dynamics was explained to all participants and informed consent was obtained. Tear film status was assessed on the basis of Tear film break up time (TBUT) on slit lamp examination and Schirmer strip test 2 (without anesthesia). Intraocular pressures were checked using Goldman Applanation tonometer. Studywas approvedfrom ethical review committee of the hospital.
Results: Mean age was 29.3 ± 3.27 years. Tear film break up time was < 7 ± 1.5 sec in group A and > 10 ± 1.2 sec in group B. Schirmer strip test was ≤ 9 ± 1 mm of wetting in group A and ≥ 13 ± 1 mm of wetting in group B. Mean intraocular pressure was 17 ± 2 mmHg in group A whereas 13 ± 2 mmHg in group B. Grittiness, heaviness and foreign body sensation were more common in group A.
Conclusion: Use of oral contraceptive pills has an adverse effect on the tear film status and intraocular pressures.
Key Words: Oral contraceptive pills, Tear film, TBUT, Schirmer’s test, Intraocular pressure.
Surgical Management of Orbital Fractures Using X-ray Film Plate: a Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Kamal Siddique Zahid , Dar Qudsia Anwar , Farooq Amna , Anjum Muhammad Ijaz , Ali Muhammad Mohsin 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Orbital trauma is associated with orbital blowout fractures, with associated globe injuries and loss of vision. Orbital reconstruction can be done with various implant materials. The aim of this study is to identify the safety and postoperative outcomes of using X-ray films as orbital implants during orbital reconstruction surgery.
Study Design: An interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology departments of Lahore General Hospital and Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June 2001 to May 2017.
Methods: Retrospective data of all the patients who came for orbital reconstruction surgeries from June 2001 to May 2017 was retrieved. All patients had undergone CT scan prior to surgery. Orbital reconstruction was done by a single surgeon, by bridging bony defect with sterilized X-ray film. All patients received post-operative antibiotics for 1 week.
Results: Twenty three male patients were included in the series, with a mean age of 28 ± 2.47 years. Assault and sports injuries with a ball were the commonest form of trauma. Diplopia was the major presenting complaint in 91% of the patients. All patients underwent surgical reconstruction of the orbital floor of orbit with sterilized X-ray film using a lateral canthotomy approach. Only mild postoperative diplopia was recorded in 7 of the cases, with uneventful recovery in the majority.
Conclusion: Sterilized X-ray film is a safe, cost effective, and durable material for reconstruction after orbital blowout fracture, especially in developing countries.
Key Words: Orbital fracture, X-ray film, Diplopia.
Patient Satisfaction: A Tool towards Quality Improvement
Authors: Sughra Ume , Siddiqui Manaal , Noorani Sorath , Mansoor Hassan , Kausar Sultana 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine the importance of patient satisfaction as a tool for quality improvement.
Study Design: Cross sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Ophthalmology Department of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, from May 2017 to September 2017.
Methods: This study included 500 individuals, who were caregivers of children visiting the hospital at the time of data collection. Individuals who visited departments other than pediatric department were excluded. Two groups were made. Group 1 included 300 individuals who were interviewed for to assess the patient satisfaction. On the basis of response, play area was made spacious, additional registration counters were placed and more reception staff members were hired to shorten the waiting and registration time, additional fans were installed in the waiting area and patient information was displayed on TV screens to aid uneducated patients and their attendants. Second group with 200 individuals were interviewed after these improvements. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding socio-demographic characteristics and experience of visit to the hospital. SPSS version 20 was used for descriptive and inferential data analysis.
Results: Participants in this survey showed high level of satisfaction after interventions 45 to 65%.There was statistically significant association between satisfaction level and improvement in services was found (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Satisfaction level of patients depends upon the quality of services and medical care provided and it can be used as a good tool for improving the services in the hospitals.
Key Words: Satisfaction, Outpatient department, Hospital.
Desafios enfrentados por famí­lias no contexto da sí­ndrome congênita associada í infecção pelo ví­rus zika
Authors: Rodrigues Maciel Julyana , Costa Mendes Ana Clara , Pereira Gomes Júlia Diana , Da Rocha e Nóbrega Lí­bne Lidianne , Pereira Costa Suelen Tamiles , Carneiro de Azevedo Fernandes Suzana 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: relatar os principais desafios vivenciados pelas famí­lias de crianças com Sí­ndrome Congênita Associada í Infecção pelo Ví­rus Zika (SCZ). Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência construí­do a partir da vivência de enfermeiras, durante pesquisa realizada em Mossoró-RN, de 2017 a 2018, junto í s crianças com SCZ e suas famí­lias. Resultados: as categorias encontradas foram: "A SCZ e as dificuldades no contexto familiar após o nascimento da criança" e "Lacunas existentes entre o diagnóstico da SCZ e a assistência integral". Conclusão: as famí­lias das crianças com a SCZ experimentam desafios para a criação e promoção da saúde das mesmas. Foi identificada a necessidade de que órgãos gestores e profissionais da assistência no municí­pio se comprometam com a organização da Rede de Atenção í Saúde voltada a essas crianças e seus familiares.
D.YA. TELEHIN AND EPOCH OF CULTURAL DISTINGUISHING IN MESOLITHIC OF UKRAINE
Authors: Zaliznyak L. L. 
Published: April 2021

At the beginning of the 20th century the West European Scholars O. Spengler and А. Toynbee introduced a new мultichoice vision of the World history. In the western archaeology of the interwar period it resulted in rejection of the global stages of the development of the primitive state and mass distinguishing of the numerous local cultures.
Іn the course of time the stage-schematic concepts of the culture development have progressively shown a trend to a concept of the locality not only in Western but in Eastern Europe too. The 1970s is notable for a start of the cultures distinguishing boom in the Mesolithic history of the European part of the Soviet Union.
Rapid process of distinguishing of the local cultures spread all over European continent having fundamentally changed cultural-historical map of the Mesolithic Europe. The 70s are marked by publishing of numerous monographs dedicated to cultural differentiation and periodization of some regions of the Central-East Europe. These problems have come to dominate at the international congresses and conferences. Congress in 1973 in Warsaw or conference in Leningrad in 1974 might serve as examples. As a result of new cultural-periodizational researches the Mesolithic map of Europe has become extremely variegated and subject to changes almost every year. The process of cultural distinguishing in the Mesolithic studies in Ukraine and Russia was especially stimulated by the achievements of the Polish and the Lithuanian scholars in 1960—70s.
A head of Stone Age department of Archaeology Institute of NAS of Ukraine prof. D. Ya. Telehin take active part at distinguishing of the local Mesolithic cultures of Ukraine. The final transfer of D. Ya. Telehin to the positions of locality is demonstrated in his main work, generalizing monograph on the Ukraine Mesolithic in 1982. The researcher in this work has already distinguished near 20 original cultures and types of the monuments developed within two chronological both early and late stages of the Mesolithic in Ukraine. Developing periodization of the Mesolithic of the Ukraine D. Telehin stimulated regional researches directing the youth to study the Mesolithic of separate regions or cultural communities.
LASPI 7 MESOLITHIC SITE ON THE SOUTH COAST OF CRIMEA, UKRAINE
Authors: Telegin D. Ya. , Zaliznyak L. L. , Yanevich O. O. 
Published: April 2021

Late Mesolithic Laspi 7 site is situated in Ukraine, in the West part of the South Coast of Crimea, in the Laspi Bay, Black Sea coast (44°24’48.5”N 33°42’41.3”E). It was investigated under the direction of prof. Dmytro Telegin in the second half of 1970s. The site was destroyed by Russian occupation power.
There were 7 cultural layers of the site, which had the thickness near 2 m. There was Kokkenmedding — clay sediment with crushed stone and with unusual great number of the Helix albescens shells, ash and charcoal. Any structures of the cultural layer are not traced.
Archaeological materials of Laspi 7 are represented by numerous flint collection (2347 eks.), bone tools assemblage (13 eks.), ocher, faunistic materials etc. Flint complexes from all cultural layers generally are similar. Most of the cores are pyramidal. Prismatic and pencil-shaped cores are single. Microlithic assemblage consists of geomethric miсroliths (asymmetrical and symmetrical trapezoids); single backed microliths and truncated blades. Scrapers are mostly semicircular on the flakes, single end scrapers are on the blades. Most of the burins are on the flakes, they are angle and, in smaller quantities, lateral. There are some «Kukrek type» burins with numerous worked parts. Angle burins on the blades are not numerous. Unusual big quantity of encoches is amazing. There is one Kukrek insert. Bone tools are very different (13 eks.): base part of the harpoon, fragment of the point with the grooves, different points, the borers, partly worked boar tusks, fragment of the antler socket. The age of Laspi 7 is 8600—7000 ВР. The most true 14C dates are 8625 ± 40 BP (GrA-35704) and 8620 ± 40 BP (GrA-35703).
Laspi 7 flint assemblage is typical for the Late Mesolithic Murzak-Koba culture of Mountain Crimea.
Laspi 7 is a shining example of the «revolution of the wide range» in Crimea. Inhabitants of the site used very different food resources: ungulates (red deer, boar, roe deer), birds (above all bustard), fish (catfish and pike perch), Helix albescens snails. Numerous ornito-, ihtio- and malakofauna dates evidences about the occupation of the site in autumn, winter, and spring time. Probably, the site was visited periodically during these seasons.
PALAEOLITHIC HUMAN SOCIETIES DURING THE UPPER PLENIGLACIAL THROUGHT THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER ANIMALS IN UKRAINIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Authors: Demay L. , Vasyliev P. M. , Koulakovska L. V. , Stupak D. V. , Shydlovskyi P. S. , Belyaeva V. I. 
Published: April 2021

The first part of the Upper Pleniglacial (around 26000—20000 BP) is characterized by a deterioration in weather conditions, which reached its peak during the Last Glacial Maximum. In the East European Plain, most of its lands were dominated by a periglacial steppe-tundra with the maximum extension of ice sheet in the North and permafrost. The different animal species had to adapt to these environments, also as human groups.The recent works realized in Ukraine permit to better understand the lifestyles of the Palaeolithic human groups, particularly their subsistence activities, the modalities of settlements and the technocultural practices. We based our study on the main sites, Dorochivtsy III, Galich 1, Klussy, Korman, Molodova V, Obollonia, Oselivka, Pushkari 1 and Pogon (Pushkari 8). These sites are very important to better understand the human occupations for all the East European Plain. Here we particularly focus on the zooarchaeological remains, which permitted to better determine the taphonomic conditions, the human activities, the seasonality of occupations and the human and other animal relationships. The main species present in archaeological sites are Mammoth, Reindeer, Horse, Fox and Wolf, who have important implication on the territory modification and the food resource for humans. Moreover the animal eco-ethology involvement of their acquisition-exploitation by nomadic hunter-gatherers, permits to highlight the potential human behavioral strategies. They show the continuous occupation of the territories by humans, in any seasons, with the persistence of organized activities, innovations and varied behaviors. This period corresponds to the changes between middle Gravettian and late Gravettian, then first Epigravettian features. The end of the Last Glacial Maximum peak marks the disappearance of Late Gravettian and of human populations between 19—16000 BP, followed by a hiatus until 16000 BP.
STUDY OF THE AURIGNACIAN-GRAVETTIAN «TRANSITION» EAST OF THE CARPATHIANS: BLADELET PRODUCTION FEATURES FROM MITOC-MALU GALBEN (ROMANIA) AND MOLODOVA V (UKRAINE)
Authors: Libois T. 
Published: April 2021

In the frame of the Aurignacian to Gravettian «transition», this research aims at highlighting the modalities of this shift in the middle Prut and Dniestr area through the comparison of bladelets production schemes in both cultural entities. Two Late Aurignacian assemblages from Mitoc-Malu Galben (Romania) and relevant materials from Molodova V (Ukraine) were then examined in this perspective. In the case of Mitoc-Malu Galben, qualitative preliminary results underline the consistence and continuity of production from «Aurignacian I» to «III» levels, which aims for twisted naturally blanks produced from convergent shaped knapping surfaces. Less documented, the «Aurignacian III Supйrieur» level seems to follow, despite some potential slight discrepancies. In Molodova V, cultural horizons 10 and 9 apply to a different consistent pattern, as cores are shaped and exploited to produce straighter blanks with parallel sides. Those technological insights reaffirm the independent identity of the local Gravettian in comparison to the Aurignacian. Based only on the large set of radiocarbon dates available for both sites, a simultaneity model arises, in slight contradiction with the technological data. Then, a «classic» succession model should not be left aside. Re-investigation of contextual data, including association of materials to dates, is needed to confirm any population dynamics model.
THE AMVROSIIVKA BISON BONE BED AND FEATURES OF ITS USE
Authors: Krotova O. O. 
Published: April 2021

The Amvrosiivka Upper Palaeolithic complex, composed of a camp site and nearby bison bone bed is located in the Donetsk oblast’, at the top of the Kazenna ravine, a right tributary of the Krynka river, which drains into the Mius river. The site is dated by an average of 19000—18000 uncal BP and belong to Epigravettian tradition.
The results of the long-term research the Amvrosiivka bison bone bed was analyzed in the article. The features of topography (a gully-terrace on board of a ravine), planigraphy, stratigraphy of a bone bed (the ledges-thresholds and some sterile layers in cultural remains distribution), and also the seasons of the kill of animals (alternative, with prevalence of cold) was summarized.
Data about the bison bones (Bison priscus, MNI = 650 and bones with cultural modifications) is presented. The prevalence of the hunter projectile weapon details (27 bone points and about 90 flint micropoints-inserts), and also flint tools for butchering animals among the archaeological finds is determined.
The interpretation of the bone bed at the same times was controversial: as a refuse dump near dwelling (Evseev), as a resulted from a one-time (Pidoplichko) or repeated (Efimenko) mass drive of bison, or as a ritual locale (Boriskovskij). At present the site is interpreted as a place of numerous mass drive of bison and, mainly, primary butchering of hunting bag, and also, probably, storages of meat products in the form of the frozen carcasses of bison in a cold season (Krotova, Snizhko, Julien).
The ethnoarchaeological data about methods of collective kills by Paleoindian and Indian pedestrian hunters on bison of the North America (Frison 2004) for the reconstruction of possible variants of the mass drive of bison in Amvrosiivka is used. The conclusion is made that for the purpose organization of the series of mass drive of bison at different seasons the hunters in Amvrosiivka used a natural trap — the gully-terrace on a board of ravine — the right tributary of a Kazenna ravine. This terrace with one abrupt and rather high (4—5 m) board, obviously, used for a drive of bison from above, a plateau (method of «jump») that the hunters, obviously, at a certain stage having added with the restraining structure (pens) which should keep the escaped and wounded animals. The variant of a possible shelter from below, a thalweg of the Kazenna ravine (an «arroyo trap» method) also is not excluded.
SPЕCIAL CHILDREN. PERSONAL ORNAMENTS IN CHILDREN’S BURIALS OF MARIUPOL TYPE
Authors: Mykhailova N. Р. 
Published: April 2021

The region of the Lower Dnieper was an outstanding landscape phenomenon in prehistoric times. During the Stone Age, this area had great economic and sacral significance. There are more than 20 Mesolithic and Neolithic cemeteries of the so called Mariupol type, located along the Lower Dnieper Rapids. The anthropological analysis demonstrated that the population of Middle Dnieper region belongs to the Proto-European large Europoid race. Periodisation of the Mariupol type cemeteries have two periods: Early Mariupol: 7000—5500 cal BC and Late Mariupol: 5500—4000 cal BC. The burials of the Mariupol type have outstanding grave goods. Raw materials used for used for manufacturing adornments were deer canines, carp fish teeth, stone, pearls and shells. Some burials yielded notched decorated canines. The most outstanding feature of the Mariupol type funerary adornments is the large number of items made from modified boar tusks. Most of them were found in the Mariupol cemetery. These artifacts, which may have marked the membership to a certain group, occurred equally both in adult and children burials. Child burials of the Mariupol type yielded specific funerary adornments. Sometimes they were as rich as those of the adults, but in some cases they were the richest. Personal ornaments, semantically identifying the important parts of a child’s body, were the marker of clan or lineage affiliation, age differentiation or biological stage. Burials with indicating features of a special sacral character are very significant also. The availability of children burials, which have more abundant funerary adornments then the adults, or were the only burials with grave goods in the cemetery need a more thorough study.
NEW BURIAL AND RITUAL ASSEMBLAGES OF EARLY BRONZE AGE LOCATED NEAR THE COMPLEX OF KAMYANA MOHYLA
Authors: Makhortykh S. V. , Kotova N. S. , Dzhos V. S. , Radchenko S. B. 
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the unique Early Bronze Age burial complex excavated during 2017 field season nearby the hill of Kamyana Mohyla in Zaporizhzhya region (South-Eastern Ukraine). The tomb located 200 m from the Kamyana Mohyla complex is obviously connected with the prehistoric processes of the region. The Structure-for-motion photorgammetric modeling of the tumuli was provided in addition to archaeological, anthropological and microscopc research. The model was studied to provide additional information on the details of the complex in general and its construction features. Moreover, it makes the unique object available for publishing and demonstration.
Paper presents burial and ritual complexes that show important data on the ritual worldview of the Early Bronze Age habitants of Ukrainian Steppe. The radiocarbon dating returned the timelap of 2831—2675 cal BC for the burial 2 and 2554—2478 cal BC for the ritual complex nearby. It means that the space around the Kamyana Mohyla was habitated by late Yamnaya culture population and used for the burial rituals and other sacral activities. The surface grave made of huge sandstone blocks, sometimes having a weight of approximately 700 kg is the first object of this kind in Ukrainian Steppe. Those graves that were excavated and studied here before, has been constructed inside the tumuli (i. e. kurgan). The stone used as a material for the construction was taken from the Hill of Kamyana Mohyla. This links the site with a number of previously excavated Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age burials in the closes Kamyana Mohyla surroundings. Complex shows traces of the Early Bronze Age rituals that took place in the Northwest Azov Sea region — the bull’s sacrifice and a vessel upturning. The pottery artifacts similar to those found in 2017 are known from the Late Yamnaya and Catacombnaya culture burials of the region. This is evident of the close rituals and beliefs of these cultures or of the Yamnaya component in the Catacombnaya rituals of the region. Same can be stated by the numerous features of the funeral rite.