bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved (DFT) Generalized k-nearest information systems on Molecular QSAR-QMMM Cryptographic Mining and Chern-Simons Weighted ℓneuron(ι):=φ∘D∘R2∘S∘R1 Topologies for the generation of the Roccustyrna Ligand Targeting SARS-COV-2 D614G Binding Sites.
Authors: Grigoriadis Ioannis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the viral spike (S) encoding a SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation protein predominate over time in locales revealing the dynamic aspects of its key viral processes where it is found, implying that this change enhances viral transmission. In this paper, we strongly combine topology geometric methods for generalized formalisms of k-nearest neighbors as a Tipping–Ogilvie and Machine Learning application within the quantum computing context targeting the atomistic level of the protein apparatus of the SARS-COV-2 viral characteristics. In this effort, we propose computer-aided rational drug design strategies efficient in computing docking usage, and powerful enough to achieve very high accuracy levels for this in-silico effort for the generation of AI-Quantum designed molecules of GisitorviffirnaTM, Roccustyrna_gs1_TM, and Roccustyrna_fr1_TM ligands targeting the COVID-19-SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation by unifying Molecular Pairs (MMP), Lindenbaum-Tarski logical spaces and Adaptive Weighted KNN Positioning for Matched Bemis and Murko (BM) driven eigenvalue statements into Shannon entropy quantities as composed by Tipping–Ogilvie driven Machine Learning potentials on a (DFT) ℓneuron(ι):=φ∘D∘R2∘S∘R1 𝑐0𝜁2(1+∑𝑖)=[A∧A’(p)] ⊗[∂vˆ∂qˆ,∂uˆ∂pˆ] − [∂vˆ⊗∂pˆ,⊗∂uˆ⊗∂qˆ]=1𝑐𝑖𝜉𝑖{−ℏ20<≡===〈ψ⁎∣∣ψ⁎〉=[A∧A’(p)] ↦(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙) (𝑥𝑝),𝐷(𝛼):(𝑥𝑝)↦(𝑥+𝑅𝑒(𝛼)𝑝+𝐼𝑚(𝛼)),𝑆(𝑟): (𝑥𝑝)↦(𝑒−𝑟00𝑒𝑟)(𝑥𝑝),𝐵𝑆(𝜃) :𝑥1𝑥2𝑝1𝑝2↦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃00−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑥1𝑥2𝑝1𝑝2𝑣=0,1,2….𝜆=1/2+𝛾2+1/4𝑐1⟨ψi∣∣(𝟙ˆ−ρˆ0)∣∣ψj⟩[A∧A’(p)] ↦(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙) (𝑥𝑝),𝐷(𝛼):(𝑥𝑝)↦(𝑥+𝑅𝑒(𝛼)𝑝+ j<i⟨ψi∣∣ρˆ0∣∣ψj⟩𝑎22vKS1(r)a 4cos2θ+a2r2+r4) Σ3’⟨ψi∣∣ρˆ0∣∣ψj⟩𝑎22vKS1(r)=vext(r)+∫dr′ρ(r′)∣∣r−r′∣∣+ vXC1,(r)𝑚𝑏2𝑟2𝑒𝑑2πˆ2B2mB∇ [𝑃‾‾√𝑄‾‾(𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑣Γ(𝑏+𝑣)Γ(𝑐)𝑣!𝑐0𝑎2√−‾‾√𝑄‾‾(𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑣Γ(𝑏+𝑣)Γ(𝑐)𝑣!𝑐0𝑎2𝑄‾‾√𝑃‾‾√]≡∣CmdπCdπ2∣ϕ(Wxˆ+α)⟩, 𝑑𝑦2ΣΣ¯Ǫ ⊗ ¯σ − ¯σσ¯ǫ −i_+𝑐0𝑎2[1−𝑦𝑦]2}𝜓(𝑦)𝑣) improver for Chern-Simons Topology Euclidean Geometrics.
A Method Combining the Use of an Application and a Dedicated Pelvic Positioner for Acetabular Cup Insertion
Authors: Kamimura Atsushi , Enokida Makoto , Enokida Shinpei , Nagashima Hideki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: We developed a mobile device application and dedicated pelvic positioner with the aim of improving the acetabular cup placement accuracy in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). The function of the application was to display the intra-operative cup angle. The accuracy and clinical usefulness of this combined method was verified through comparison with the conventional alignment guide method.Methods: In total, 60 patients who underwent cementless THA were included in this study. We compared the cup alignment when using this combined method with that when using the conventional alignment guide method. The absolute value error between the intra- and post-operative angles of inclination and anteversion of the cup was calculated.Results: The absolute value error of inclination was 2.4° ± 2.1° in the study group and 4.0° ± 3.3° in the control group (P = 0.107). The absolute value error of anteversion was 2.8° ± 2.6° in the study group and 7.4° ± 5.3° in the control group (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Using the application and pelvic positioner is simple and can be introduced at a low cost. The more accurate measurement of the intra-operative cup angle using this combined method has improved the cup insertion accuracy compared with that of the conventional alignment guide method.
A Novel Ensemble Based Recommendation Approach using Network Based Analysis for Identification of Effective Drugs for Tuberculosis
Authors: Haldar Rishin , Narayanan Swathi Jamjala 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal infectious disease which affected millions of people worldwide for many decades and now with mutating drug resistant strains, it poses bigger challenges in treatment of the patients. Computational techniques might play a crucial role in rapidly developing new or modified anti-tuberculosis drugs which can tackle these mutating strains of TB. This research work applied a computational approach to generate a unique recommendation list of possible TB drugs as an alternate to a popular drug, EMB, by first securing an initial list of drugs from a popular online database, PubChem, and thereafter applying an ensemble of ranking mechanisms. As a novelty, both the pharmacokinetic properties and some network based attributes of the chemical structure of the drugs are considered for generating separate recommendation lists. The work also provides customized modifications on a popular and traditional ensemble ranking technique to cater to the specific dataset and requirements. The final recommendation list provides established chemical structures along with their ranks, which could be used as alternatives to EMB. It is believed that the incorporation of both pharmacokinetic and network based properties in the ensemble ranking process added to the effectiveness and relevance of the final recommendation.
The Lateral Femoral Wall Thickness on the Risk of Post-Operative Lateral Wall Fracture in Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Fan Jixing , Xu Xiangyu , Zhou Fang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Patients with a lateral femoral wall (LFW) fracture were reported to have high rates of re-operation and complication. Although the LFW thickness was a reliable predictor of post-operative or intra-operative LFW fracture, no biomechanical studies had evaluated the critical stress distributions on the femur and screws of intertrochanteric fractures treated with dynamic hip screw (DHS). This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical performance of intertrochanteric fractures with different LFW thickness treated with DHS device.Methods A three-dimensional model of the proximal femur was established by computed tomography images. The intertrochanteric fracture model with three different LFW thickness (10mm, 20.5mm and 30mm respectively) was created, which was fixed by DHS. The von Mises stress on the proximal femur, lateral femoral wall, DHS and the total displacement of the device components were evaluated and compared for three different LFW thickness model.Results The maximum von Mises stress in the proximal fragment of the 10mm and 20.5mm model increased by 80.56% and 57.97% when compared with the 30mm model. The peek von Mises stress around the blade entry point of the 10mm and 20.5mm model increased by 89.26% and 66.39% when compared with the 30mm model. The peek von Mises in the DHS located near the junction of the barrel and side plate of each model and the 30mm model had the smallest von Mises stress compared with the other two models. Furthermore, the maximum displacement in the 30mm model was much smaller than that in the10mm model and 20mm model.Conclusions The intertrochanteric fracture with a thinner LFW tended to have a higher risk of LFW fracture stabilized by a DHS device. Thus, the intertrochanteric fractures with a thinner LFW should not be treated by DHS alone and the intramedullary nail or an addition of trochanteric stabilization plate(TSP) was recommended.
Relationship between Climatic Variables and Reproduction Number (R0) of Confirmed COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Rasul Azad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Most transmittable diseases appear in a specific season and the effect of climate on COVID-19 is of special interest. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between climatic variables and R0 of COVID-19 cases in one hundred areas around the world. The daily confirmed cases COVID-19 and climatic data of each area per day from January 2020 to March 2021 are utilized in the study. The GWR and MLR methods were used to identify the relationship between R0 of COVID-19 cases and climatic variables. The MLR results showed a significant (p-value < 0.05) weak inverse relationship between R0 of COVID-19 cases and wind speed, but a positive significant (p-value < 0.01) relationship with precipitation. It implies that lower COVID-19 cases were recorded with high wind speed and low precipitations. Based on GWR, R0 of COVID-19 infection against principal climatic variables has found statistically significant using Monte Carlo p-value test and the effect of climatic variables on COVID-19 infection appears to vary geographically. However, besides climatic variables, many socio-economic factors could influence the virus transmission and will be considered in future studies.
Tomographic Analysis of Incision Sequence on Anterior and Posterior Surgically Induced Astigmatism in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Adam Mehmet , Sayın Osman , Ağca Okan , Altınkaynak Hasan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate of effect incision sequence on anterior and posterior astigmatism and SIA at cataract surgery using Scheimpflug tomography measurements.Methods: We evaluated 86 patients who had gone cataract surgery between October 2018 to March 2019. All eyes were measured with a Scheimpflug tomography system preoperatively and at 1 month after surgery which included anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. The surgery was begin with side incision in group 1 differently the main incision was done first in group 2. Student t test and Pearson’s correlation were performed. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Result: Surgically induced anterior astigmatism (SIA-A) 0.76±0.43, 0.67±0.38 and surgically induced posterior astigmatism(SIA-P) 0.27±0.19 0.23±0.19 respectively in group 1 and group 2. 1D or greater SIA-A was found 24.4 % and 15.6% and 0.5 D or greater SIA-P was found 14.6% and 12.2% respectively in group 1 and group 2. There was a significant increase in anterior astigmatism (p=0.002, 0.005 respectively in group 1 and 2), but not in the posterior astigmatism (p=0.471 and 0.247 respectively in group 1 and 2). In the subgroup analysis, group 2 has lower SIA-A then group 1 except oblique subgroup and group 2 has lower SIA-P for all subgroups but it wasn't statistically significant.Conclusion: Making the main incision first caused less SIA on both anterior and posterior surfaces however this difference was not significant.
An Immunosuppressive Status Classifier to Predict Recurrence and Assist in Decision Regarding Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Jia-Bin , Qiu Qing-Zhu , Lian Ning-Zi , Wang Hua-Gen , Zheng Qiao-Ling , Yang Ying-Hong , Ma Yu-Bin , Zhao Ya-Jun , Li Ping , Lin Jian-Xian , Lu Jun , Chen Qi-Yue , Cao Long-Long , Lin Mi , Huang Chang-Ming , Xie Jian-Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Suppression of the immune microenvironment is a crucial cause of postoperative tumor recurrence. We constructed an immune infiltration classifier based on immunosuppressive indicators to predict recurrence and guide postoperative treatment for gastric cancer (GC).Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for 825 GC tissues to evaluate immunosuppressive indicators. An immunosuppressive recurrence score (IRS) based on six immunosuppressive indicators was determined using the Lasso Cox method to predict recurrence outcomes. The association between immune infiltration and IRS was assessed using immunohistochemistry and multiplexed immunofluorescence staining. A nomogram predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) was constructed by integrating IRS and significant clinicopathological features using the Cox regression model.Results: The IRS and IRS-based nomogram showed remarkable accuracy and reliability for predicting the recurrence outcome. Moreover, elevated IRS was associated with locoregional recurrence and failure of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. We also identified that the increased IRS indicated the inhibition of anti-tumor effect of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the invasive margin (IM).Conclusion: IRS can predict the recurrence outcome of GC patients by comprehensively distinguishing the immune infiltration status, which assists in the selection of different adjuvant treatment options
Colloid Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report
Authors: He Jun , Yu Heng-hai , Wei Xiao-ping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic colloid carcinoma is a rare pancreatic cancer, which is a subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Case: a 71-year-old woman with a tumor of about 1.9x1.3cm in size located in the neck and body of the pancreas without invasion of surrounding organs. The patient underwent body and tail pancreatectomy, and the pathology revealed an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas with associated infiltrating colloid carcinoma. The patient recovered well after surgical treatment. Conclusion: ﻿Pancreatic colloid carcinoma is a malignant tumor, but it has a lower degree of malignancy and a better prognosis compared with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Currently, radical surgical resection is the main treatment principle.
Dominant drivers of the human plasma metabolome
Authors: Fu Jingyuan , Chen Lianmin , Andreu-Sánchez Sergio , Wang Daoming , Augustijn Hannah E. , Zhernakova Daria , Kurilshikov Alexander , Vila Arnau Vich , Weersma Rinse , Medema Marnix , Netea Mihai , Kuipers Folkert , Wijmenga Cisca , Zhernakova Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The human plasma metabolome contains thousands of metabolites that are dependent on an individual’s diet, genetics and gut microbiome, and on their interactions. By assessing 1,183 plasma metabolites in 1,368 extensively phenotyped individuals from the LifeLines-DEEP and GoNL cohorts, we quantified the proportion of inter-individual variation of the plasma metabolome explained by different factors and characterized 605 metabolites that are dominantly driven by diet, 85 driven by the gut microbiome, and 56 driven by genetics. We also developed a model that reflects the quality of an individual’s diet using 76 mostly diet-driven metabolites. By applying Mendelian randomization (MR) and mediation analyses, we reveal putative causal relationships between diet, gut microbiome and metabolites. For example, MR supports the causal effect of Eubacterium rectale in decreasing plasma levels of toxic p-cresol and p-cresol sulfate, two metabolites related to cardiometabolic risk and chronic kidney disease. We further followed-up the plasma metabolome profile in 311 individuals after 4 years and observe that the metabolites with more variance explained by genetics, microbiome or diet are also more temporarily stable. Altogether, our characterization of the dominant drivers of plasma metabolites can help in the design of therapeutic approaches that target the diet, human genome, or gut microbiome to drive a healthy metabolome.
A Cross-Sectional Study of The Background Factors Associated With Academic Motivation Upon Admission To A Medical School in Japan
Authors: Nobuhiro Nagai , Kono Kaori , Onigata Kazumichi , Watari Takashi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

To become a doctor with a high level of professionalism and ethical standards, it is important to have and maintain a high level of motivation from the time of admission to medical school. However, no studies in Japan have quantitatively investigated the factors related to motivation immediately after enrollment. In this study, we identified the background factors that influence the motivation of medical students immediately after admission.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted. First-year medical students answered our questionnaire three weeks after admission. The questionnaire comprised 16 demographic items, and the 28-item Academic Motivation Scale was used to quantify motivation.
Results

Our analysis showed that amotivation, representing low self-determinant motivation, was significantly higher in students whose parents were medical professionals and in students who did not talk about their problems than in those whose parents were not medical professionals and those who did talk about their problems, respectively. Intrinsic motivation, which indicates the level of self-determinant motivation, was significantly lower in students who belonged to a sports club.
Conclusions

No previous studies have suggested that having parents who are medical professionals might be a factor associated with their children’s decreased motivation when entering medical school in Japan. However, further research is needed to analyze this relationship.
bFGF could be a Biomarker of Malignancy in RS3PE Syndrome: an Ambispective Single Center Cohort Analysis of 51 Patients
Authors: Gan Yuzhou , Sun Yi , Jin Jiayang , Wang Yifan , Chen Jiali , Zhong Yuchao , Li Xue , Ye Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesRemitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) is a rare inflammatory arthritis, with a higher incidence of malignancy. The aim of this study is to identify biomarkers for predicting malignancy in RS3PE.MethodsA total of 51 patients with RS3PE from September 2007 to May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and followed for up to 5 years, with 15 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 14 patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) as disease controls. Serum levels of angiogenesis cytokines were measured by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and Luminex Human Magnetic Assay. Clinical data and laboratory parameters were analyzed to identify risk factors for malignancy.ResultsA total of forty-eight RS3PE patients (94.1%) were available with follow-up data, 8 patients (16.7%) were diagnosed with malignancy, of which 6 patients were hematological tumor, and 2 patients were solid tumor. Serum levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were exclusively higher in RS3PE patients with malignancy [14.21 (7.52, 23.18) ng/mL] than RS3PE patients without malignancy [4.32 (2.88, 7.42) ng/mL], OA [3.20 (2.20, 5.30) ng/mL] and EORA [3.20 (2.20, 5.30) ng/mL]. The optimal cut-off value of bFGF for malignancy was 10ng/mL in RS3PE. Logistic regression analysis indicated that elevation of bFGF was a risk factor for malignancy in RS3PE.Conclusions﻿This study indicated that bFGF was elevated in RS3PE patients with malignancy and could serve as a biomarker for predicting paraneoplastic RS3PE.
Cervical Spine Clearance on Trauma Intensive Care: Can We Trust a Negative CT Scan?
Authors: Hasandarras Abdalla K H , Strandvik Gustav F , Faramawy Ahmed El , Areibi Noreddin Nasereldin , Younis Basil , Mekkodothil Ahammed , El-Menyer Ayman , Rizoli Sandro , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Cervical spine clearance in intubated victims of blunt trauma remains contentious; accumulating high level evidence suggests that a normal CT cervical spine can be used to clear the c-spine and remove the collar in obtunded emergency department patients to prevent collar-related complications. However, it is unclear whether this holds true for intubated patients in the trauma intensive care unit (TICU).Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 730 intubated trauma patients who presented to the Level 1 Trauma center of a tertiary hospital. We reviewed the rate of missed cervical injuries in patients who had their cervical collars removed based on a normal computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine, as well as rates of collar-related complications.Results: Three hundred and fifty patients had their cervical collars removed in the TICU based on the findings of a high-quality, well-interpreted normal CT cervical spine. Seventy percent of patients were intubated and sedated at the time of collar removal. Fifty-one percent of patients had concomitant traumatic brain injury. The average GCS at time of collar removal was 9. The incidence of missed neurological injury discerned clinically at time of both ICU and hospital discharge was nil (negative predictive value 100%). The rate of collar-related complications was 2%.Conclusion: Based on our findings, it is safe to remove the cervical collar for patients in the TICU following normal CT cervical spine, provided certain quality conditions related to the CT scan are met. Not removing the collar early may be related to increased complications. We provide an algorithm to assist critical-care clinicians in decision-making in this patient cohort
THz Absorber for Breast Cancer Early Detection based on Graphene as Multi-layer Structure
Authors: Soheilifar Mohammad Reza , Rezazadeh Afrooz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Today, the cost of treating cancer is very high, so early detection of cancer is essential, and one of the possible ways to diagnose cancer in the early stages is to use sensors that are made in the terahertz area. The proposed structure is a multilayer structure in which graphene is used in the upper and middle layer and the middle layer has a ribbon form. A disk form element is used in the upper layer. Finally, a ring is added to the structure. In the final structure of the ring, it actually inhibits the field, and this will increase the Q-factor at 6.7 THz. The interaction of layers on each other and their effect on reflection is studied to modify the final structure by variation of the chemical potential of the graphene layer in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 eV. Finally, the proposed absorber is used to discriminate cancer and healthy breast tissue. The effect of the thickness and distance of the tissue from the absorber are examined to realize the material effect on sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) as two main factors for detecting the cancer tissue.
Tissue Losses and Metabolic Adaptations Both Contribute to the Reduction in Resting Metabolic Rate following Weight Loss
Authors: Martin Alexandra , Fox Darius , Murphy Chaise , Hofmann Hande , Koehler Karsten 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective To characterize the contributions of the loss of energy-expending tissues and metabolic adaptations to the reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR) following weight loss.Methods A secondary analysis was conducted on data from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy study. Changes in RMR, body composition, and metabolic hormones were examined over 12 months of calorie restriction in 109 individuals. The contribution of tissue losses to the decline in RMR was determined by weighing the changes in the size of energy-expending tissues and organs (skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, bone, brain, inner organs, and residual mass), as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, with their tissue-specific metabolic rates. Metabolic adaptations were quantified as the remaining reduction in RMR.Results RMR was reduced by 101 ± 12 kcal/d as participants lost 7.3 ± 0.2 kg (both p < 0.001). On average, 60% of the total reduction in RMR were explained by losses of energy-expending tissues, while 40% were attributed to metabolic adaptations. The loss of skeletal muscle mass was not significantly related to RMR changes (p = 0.17), whereas adipose tissue losses were positively associated with the reduction in RMR (p = 0.02) and metabolic adaptations (p < 0.001). Metabolic adaptations were further correlated with declines in leptin (r = 0.27, p < 0.01), triiodothyronine (r = 0.19, p < 0.05), and insulin (r = 0.25, p < 0.05).Conclusions During weight loss, tissue loss and metabolic adaptations both contribute to the reduction in RMR, although their contribution is variable. Contrary to popularly belief, it is not skeletal muscle, but rather adipose tissue losses that seem to drive RMR reductions following weight loss. Future research should be directed at personalized strategies addressing the predominant cause of RMR reduction for weight maintenance.