bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the efficiency of using solar energy resources for autonomous power supply of the trans-border area between Russia and Mongolia
Authors: Ivanova I Yu , Khalgaeva N A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study provides an analysis of the state of the electric power supply in the trans-border area of Baikal-Khövsgöl. We identified the problems of power supply and the presence of decentralized consumers. The analysis of indicators of solar energy resources of the area from both Mongolia and Russia sides was based on various data sources. The NASA data of solar radiation incident on the different surfaces was selected for further calculations and zoning of the area. We evaluated the economic feasibility of the construction of the solar power plant (SPP) serving tourism infrastructure facilities with a capacity of 10 to 100 persons located on the northern coast of Lake Khövsgöl, which are provided with electricity from diesel power plants (DPP). The research used an iterative express method for determining the optimal power of a SPP for autonomous power supply, developed by the authors. The criterion for optimality is the minimum ratio of capital investment in a SPP and the cost of substituted fuel at a DPP. The research findings attest to the fact that the introduction of the SPP for stand-alone electric power supply seems to be economically viable for both stationary and mobile facilities. Undiscounted payback periods resulted from the diesel fuel substitution range from 2.5 to 6 years.
The roadside infrastructure development: a geographical view
Authors: Bogdanov V N , Dugarova G B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The roadside infrastructure has begun to form recently and is accompanied by different problems. These problems are common to many Russian regions, in particular Irkutsk Oblast. In this article, the authors share their experience in studying roadside infrastructure with the aim to improve the existing network and rational placement of new objects as well as prospects for developing roadside infrastructure in Russia as a whole. This publication is a continuation of our long-term research and the scientific novelty consists in the generalization of the results and comparison of various foreign models of road infrastructure development. In this study, we used the methods developed and tested in our previous works. This study is one of the first in Irkutsk Oblast, and the accumulated material can serve as a basis for creating a comprehensive scheme for the optimal placement of roadside infrastructure. We identified the main factors and problems of the roadside infrastructure development, made mathematical calculations, and compiled original thematic maps. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that the Irkutsk Oblast that has a rich natural, socioeconomic, and energetic potential can be a good testing ground for the successful application of the existing foreign roadside service development systems (European or North American).
Trends in vegetation cover dynamics in the Russian part of the Amur River basin in relation to the economic development of the territory
Authors: Kryukova M V , Schlothgauer S D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work presents the research results in condition and trends in the vegetation cover of the Amur River basin resulting from economic activities. The economic activity impact is assessed both directly and indirectly. Vulnerability of the vegetation cover in the Amur Region is determined according various factors: ecotone position, unstable living environment; relict nature of plant taxa and communities and low degree of adaptation; insularity of relicts, endemic taxa and communities. Risk factors for the plant cover of the Amur Region include large-scale fires, continuous plowing of lands, forest cuttings, construction of hydraulic facilities (hydro-electric stations and reservoirs), expansion of road infrastructure, mining of non-ferrous metals, etc. The effects of development on the Amur Region territory include discontinuity of the habitats of many relict and endemic species, increase of the pattern structure of their spatial distribution and formation of isolated, unstable populations, decrease in the floral and regional ecological diversity of biogeocenoses, synantropization, unification of the vegetation cover, transformation and destruction of historically established ecosystems, habitats and increasing environmental risks. Four types of ecological state are identified: catastrophic, critical, stressed and satisfactory. The identified zones of catastrophic and critical ecological states of the vegetation cover are confined to the most developed southern parts of the Amur Region and urban agglomerations. Most of the Amur River basin features stressed and satisfactory ecological states, the preservation of which is facilitated by the inaccessibility of these territories.
Efficiency of using timber processing waste for heat supply of the city of Baikalsk
Authors: Khan V V , Gubiy E V , Dekanova N P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The heat supply problem of the city of Baikalsk isconsidered. The most environmentally friendly solution of this problem is using of the timber, which was felled during forest sanitation outside the Anchuk village. Environmental friendliness and other advantages of the biofuel are the main reason of using this type of heat source. This article presents comparative analysis of the production and delivery costs of the fuel wood chips and pellets for Baikalsk. Pressed fuel wood chips and chips with standard bulk density are considered. The levelized cost of heat, unit cost and capital costs are used as indicators of the economic efficiency of pellets and fuel wood chips. According to the results of all three economic indicators, pressed fuel chips proved to be most effective type of heat source than others. Unit cost and LCOH are roughly the same for pellets and for pressed fuel chips. However, the capital costs of production and transportation of the pellets are almost 50% higher than for pressed chips. Thereby, it is preferable to choose pressed fuel wood chips burning for economic reasons of the reducing transportation expenses.
Issues of protection of the Lake Baikal legal regime
Authors: Orlova I I , Bekker Yu L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Conceptual provisions of the Federal law “On protection of Lake Baikal”, adopted in 1999, have never been disputed during the last 20 years: legal regime primarily of the central ecological zone is supported by regulatory acts, the state ecological expertise is in place. Current ecological crisis of ecosystem, actual failure of the approved target federal projects, ecological catastrophe threats due to possible technological consequences of delay in the Baikal paper plant waste liquidation are consequences of lack of scientific cover in program action projects, as well as refusal of preliminary open discussion on possibility of legislative and other initiatives with regard to Baikal. In the sphere of scientific support of measures on the Lake Baikal preservation the following points are suggested: 1. Scientific research is to be included into the Russian national scientific projects as a mandatory stage of formation and implementation of state regulation measures. 2. Normative setting of requirements of mandatory scientific expertise for projects that can significantly impact the Lake Baikal preservation. 3. Institution of “Expertise of the Russian Academy of Sciences” is to be used for expert assessment of the most significant projects in the sphere of the Lake Baikal protection.
RAS expertise for assurance of consistency of solutions to applied problems and results of fundamental researches
Authors: Bekker Yu L , Orlova I I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nowadays the main institution for exclusion of contradictions between the results of fundamental and applied problems can be the RAS expertise of big development projects, launched by the state and business. Such status is set in the Russian legislature as an indicator of expertise of highest qualification, scientific justification and exclusion of conflict of interests. Moreover, lack of disputing instruments allows to count on effectiveness of use of this institution in sphere of nature management and formation of “green” economy. A methodology of conduction of the RAS expertise for proposals on liquidation of accumulated environmental damage, done by the JSC “Baikalsky PPM”, in the context of technical feasibility and compliance with requirements of legal regime of Lake Baikal. Principal conditions of these expert works are: inclusion of the RAS Expertise into complex of measures on scientific support of realization of Russia’s national development goals; an organization that requests expertise of technical solutions of the affiliated parties cannot be a customer; compliance with common requirements of completeness and quality of information; competitiveness of expertise process; expertise procedure has to be supported by several levels of results’ verification keeping the confidentiality of information on experts’ identities and their executed work.
Methods for mapping information on the structure and dynamics of geosystems of mountains of the Baikal region
Authors: Sedykh S A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the ecological study, with the analysis of landscapes and mapping of the area of the testing ground. The testing ground is located in the Eastern Transbaikalia, covering the part of the central part of Primorskii Range and sourth-eastern macroslope of this mountain range (having an easterly aspect for the Primorskii Range). For the analysis of the structure of geosystems and the estimation of disturbance, the basic geosystem approach is applied to modern geoinformation-cartographic and remote methods. Based on V.B. Sochava’s theory of geosystems it is assumed for use in processing and ordering a large volume of information. In the paper we analyzed the regional background and main factors of the landscape differentiation of the study areas. The pyrogenic impact, which increased by the 21st century and caused the transformation of the natural structure of the Baikal mountains, caused the need to improve the methods of mapping the geosystems of topological level, their dynamics, landscape-forming processes and individual local phenomena. We identified negative digressions of geosystems for the period 1989-2019 at the experimental site, when 42% of 100 km2 of natural systems of highlands, mountain-taiga middle mountains and lowmountain-slope forests were lost.
Geochemical characteristics of soils in natural and disturbed landscapes of the Tunka basin
Authors: Lyapina E E , Cherkashina A A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper evaluates the distribution of chemical elements in the soil of the Tunka basin (the Republic of Buryatia, Tunka National Park). In this regard, we studied their gross concentration in natural and agrogenically transformed soils: arable land, fallow lands, hayfields, and pastures. The distribution of chemical elements in the soils of the Tunka basin is extremely uneven, except for Fe, Al, Mg, P, Sr, Zn, and Co. The concentrations of chemical elements, as a rule, do not exceed standard values, except for Cr, Ni and Pb. Opposite patterns characterize the nature of the interaction of mercury with chemical elements of groups of different geochemical classifications, depending on the degree of anthropogenic load. In natural soils, the concentration of mercury increases with an increase in the concentration of silicon and phosphorus and a decrease in other heavy metals: Fe, Pb, Cu, Co, Ti, Ni, V, Cr, as well as aluminum and magnesium. In disturbed soils, Hg is directly proportional to all of the above elements other than manganese. The change in the content of most of the studied chemical elements with depth in natural soils decreases with depth. In disturbed soils, there is no such tendency due to mixing of the soil layer in the upper 50 cm layer due to the use of land for arable land.
Bias-corrected precipitation data for South Siberia
Authors: Ryazanova A A , Voropay N N , Dyukarev E A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Assessing changes in extreme hydroclimatic phenomena requires accurate precipitation estimates with high temporal and fine spatial resolutions. Significant differences were obtained between reanalysis data and observations at weather stations. Bias correction method applied to ERA5 total precipitation product with spatial resolution 0.25×0.25 ° is reported in the present paper to improve the reproducibility of the local weather conditions. Hourly ERA5 precipitations were aggregated and monthly precipitation sums were processed. Monthly precipitations for 133 weather stations in Siberia for May-September from 1979 to 2017 were used as reference data. Comparative analysis has shown that long-term average monthly precipitations from ERA5 reanalysis are higher than precipitation estimations from the observation data. The number of weather stations where the difference between two data sets exceed 60% vary from 3 in July to 37 in May. To eliminate significant differences between reanalysis and observation data, we have developed a specific procedure for correcting reanalysis data. As a result of the adjustment, the deviations of the reanalysis data from the observation data has decreased. The difference after correction is lower than 60 % at all weather stations, and from 94 (July) to 118 (August) weather stations has the difference lower than 30%.
Influence of neotectonic processes on the transformation of geosystems of the Lena-Angara plateau
Authors: Konovalova T I , Nogovitsyn V N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Addressing the issues of assessing and predicting environmental changes in regions is the basis of modern geographical research. It is based on identifying the direction of geosystem transformation consisting of a large number of variable components and their interconnections. The task is compounded by the need to study geosystems developing under climatic and geodynamic changes. The paper presents the research results of the transformation of geosystems of the Lena-Angara plateau, which is located on the southeastern outskirts of the Siberian Platform and is a pre-rift structure of the Baikal rift zone. The specificity of the spatiotemporal transformations of geosystems associated with the manifestation of neotectonic processes and climatic changes in the Late Cenozoic is revealed. It was determined that within the plateau there were four periods of irreversible transformations of geosystems caused by the synchronous manifestation of climatic and neotectonic processes. Changes resulted from neotectonic processes led to the formation of landscape boundaries coinciding with deep faults and blocks of the earth‘s crust.
Sustainable landscape for high urban temperature mitigation in the disaster-prone coastal city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Irwansyah Mirza , Zuliansyah Sahlan , Hasan Izziah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coastal City of Banda Aceh has experienced considerable changes related to urban morphology, and also the environmental and climatic aspects, particularly after a massive earthquake hit the City on 26th December 2004. The city’s climate is basically characterized by high air temperature and relative humidity. However, climatic data of 1995-2015 shows that its temperature has actually increased. The issue worsens the thermal comfort, lead to more energy used for cooling, and can even induce heat-stress-related health problems. Urban heat island effect is one potential cause, triggered by significant progress of infrastructure development, increased number of vehicles, and land-use changes. It argues that sustainable urban landscaping is a prerequisite to environmental sustainability, especially in coastal city that prone of disasters. This study composes and analyzes the potential of vegetative measures for mitigating the issue. To provide reflective solutions, both substantial vegetative cooling mechanisms are studied. Hence, the paper asserted that unsustainable use of urban landscape structures leads to environmental problems, such as biodiversity loss, climate change, and soil erosion. The outputs become the foundation for the strategic framework of the proposed vegetative measures, i.e. tree planting, development of greenspaces with optimum size, cover composition and distribution, and green façade application to support sustainable landscapes. The impact of each vegetative intervention is investigated through microclimate simulations run using ENVI-met. Air temperature and other climatic factors related to outdoor thermal comfort and urban heat island are used as the indicators. The results reveal that landscaping such: tree planting with proper distance, adjusted based on tree canopy’s width to optimize shading, improves outdoor thermal comfort considerably, while the impact on urban heat island is rather small. On the other hand, green facade application only impacts insignificantly on both aspects.
Village fund asymmetric information in disaster management: Evidence from village level in Banda Aceh City
Authors: Nugroho A , Takahashi M , Masaya I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Village Fund in Indonesia is one of the instruments for budgetary decentralization to accelerate development and community empowerment at the village level. Under the regulation of the Minister of Village and Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration No. 16, the year 2019, one of the priorities for the use of the village funds is for disaster management. In the implementation, however, asymmetric information and misperception towards the regulation allegedly caused the management of village funds not to be connected with disaster risk reduction programs. This study aims to identify priorities for allocating village funds related to disaster management programs. Furthermore, this study will also determine the factors that cause information asymmetry at each level of policymakers. This research was conducted in 7 villages located in three sub-districts, which were severely affected by the 2004 tsunami in Banda Aceh City. The results of this study show the asymmetry of perceptions exists among the policymakers from the city to the village levels. This asymmetry has led to disaster management programs not being a priority in the use of village funds. The absence of regulation in the city levels hinders village leaders to use of village funds for disaster management.
Vulnerability factors in small islands and environmental carrying capacity by the AHP method. Case Study: Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Arif A. A. , Machdar I. , Azmeri  , Achmad A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study was intended to investigate the effects of land use change and land cover processes on Weh-Sabang Island, Aceh, Indonesia. The LULC change process was analyzed using Google Earth and ArcGIS imagery from 2008 to 2018. Through observations of satellite imagery, it was detected that the green space area had been greatly reduced on Weh island and turned into a built-in area that served as a tourist area and urban environment. Increased land use in ten years from 2008 to 2018 can cause changes in morphology and typology of the city of Sabang. Through the method of calculating the Land Diversity Index, as a criterion and sub-criteria for the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, land changes will be monitored in the period of the last 10 years. In plain view, coastal areas experience more land use changes than hilly areas, towards LULC changes on Weh Island. This paper focuses on areas with high vulnerability to the occurrence of disasters on Weh Island using ArcGIS software. It is expected that the results of this study can contribute to the government of the city of Sabang - Weh Island in controlling changes in land use that are experiencing land degradation, and making input in carrying out an analysis of the carrying capacity of the environment on small islands in Indonesia.
Impacts of collective housing relocation in the Ogatsu area of Ishinomaki City after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Miyasada Akira , Maly Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Eight years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, which devastated communities along Japan’s northeast Tohoku coast on March 11, 2011. Housing reconstruction programs in tsunami-affected municipalities included the provision of new residential lots in highland areas and the construction of public housing. The implementation of government-driven recovery projects is almost complete in the municipalities that were destroyed by the tsunami. However, even with these projects, some areas have suffered extreme population loss. Looking at the example of Ogatsu Peninsula and the case of Tachihama village, this paper considers the factors that contributed to residents’ deciding to move away or return and rebuild. According to the majority of the residents who moved away, the prospect of living in temporary housing for the length of time needed for permanent housing to be ready was their main reason for deciding to move somewhere else. Although housing recovery programs are intended to support the rebuilding of communities, the implementation and timeline of the government’s reconstruction programs may actually contribute to or accelerate population decline. As the implementation of reconstruction programs alone after a disaster occurs is not enough to guarantee the housing recovery of all residents, it may be important to consider pre-disaster community-building for the long-term sustainability of disaster-affected communities.
Spatial Thinking and Decision-Making Abilities to Learn About Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Ridha S , Utaya S , Bachri S , Handoyo B , Kamil P A , Abdi A W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Disaster preparedness is one concern in Indonesia for natural disasters have frequently occurred in the country, both geologically and environmentally. Disaster preparedness focuses on activity series which are related to organizational ability, spatial thinking, and decision-making abilities. However, the two latter are still unconcerned. This study aims to improve disaster preparedness through spatial thinking. It is an action research, with the subject of 32 high school students who were studying geography lesson. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The study results are: (1) there was an increase in students’ knowledge about disasters with the classical completeness of 92%, proving the effectiveness of the learning process (2) It is easier for students to understand the concept of disaster through spatial thinking. Spatial thinking includes three components, namely: (a) the spatial concept as the space and direction, such as points, regions, distances, which are vital during disaster; (b) tools of representation, such as maps of an area as representations of the real-world; (c) the process of reasoning for problem-solving through a spatial perspective by using a variety of cognitive skills and knowledge. Therefore, schools need to facilitate teachers to implement spatial thinking-based disaster education in preparing young people to face disasters.