bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Fibrinogen to Platelet Ratio as a Prognostic Factor for Postoperative Recurrence of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jinye , Shi Mingxin , Guo Liyuan , Yang Qiuxing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Postoperative recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is an important factor affecting the survival of patients. Hypercoagulability is a related factor for the recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Fibrinogen/platelet ratio (FPR) is used as a meaningful factor for evaluating coagulation status. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of FPR for ESCC postoperative metastasis and its relationship with prognosis.Methods: We collected 607 patients undergoing surgery from 2012 to 2015, and performed clinical analysis, including plasma fibrinogen count, platelet count, and their ratio, defined as FPR. Follow-up assessment of recurrence and OS, RFS.Results:145 patients (23.8%) experienced postoperative recurrence. There is a correlation between FPR and postoperative metastasis (p <0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of FPR predicting postoperative recurrence is 0.620 (95% confidence interval: 0.554-0.686), which is higher than the single factor AUC value of fibrinogen and platelets. The overall survival rate (OS) and recurrence-free survival rate (RFS) of patients with higher FPR were significantly reduced (p = 0.001). Cox regression results show that FPR is an independent predictor of OS and RFS (p=0.004 and <0.028, respectively), while plasma fibrinogen level is not. The C index of the nomogram model predicting OS and RFS is 0.691 and 0.727, respectively. The calibration curve shows that the predictive ability is basically consistent with the actual observation results.Conclusions: FPR may be a predictor of postoperative recurrence in ESCC patients, and it can predict the prognosis of ESCC patients better than fibrinogen.
Performance Analysis on Spatial MFSK Modulation with Energy Detection
Authors: Li Shuaijun , Qiu Hongbing , zheng lin , Yang Chao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Noncoherent multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO）detection in fast fading environments has received attention in recent years since less influence by factors such as phase fluctuations and the low requirements for channel estimation and synchronization. Spatial MFSK modulation with energy detection is different from conventional noncoherent MIMO in that it can obtain higher spatial multiplexing, but with the introduction of the nonlinear square-law operation, the analysis of its detection performance needs to be solved. This paper analyzes the theoretical symbol error rate (SER) performance of the Spatial MFSK modulation with energy detection. The noise of the MIMO system by energy detection conform to the generalized gamma distribution. Based on this distribution, the optimal decision rule of the system and the theoretical SER formula are derived. Numerical results show that the theoretical SER formula fits well with the simulation results of the system under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Evaluation of MENA refugees’ attitudes towards patient autonomy-based ethics of informed consent
Authors: Sevimli Sukran 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The objective of this study was to identify refugees’ attitudes concerning the autonomy-based ethics of informed consent and to determine whether these attitudes varied by gender.
Methods

A quantitative methodology was adopted for this study. Questions were scored using a Likert-type scale and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 610 refugees who had migrated to Turkey from MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries.
Results

Refugees from eleven countries participated in the survey, of whom the majority were men (62.5% male versus 37.5% female). Reasons for migration include war/security, poverty, and persecution (67.3%), and wanting to live in developed countries (81.1%). The decision to migrate was mainly decided upon either solely by males (as stated by 46.1% of participants) or by the family as a whole (39.0%). Regarding competence in spoken Turkish, most participants (58.5%) were judged to be at a moderate level. A plurality preferred to follow their doctor’s advice for treatment (42.6%), while nearly one-third deferred to the male authority figure in the family (33.1%). A majority stated that they were unaware of the concept of informed consent (63.3%). There was a significant difference between the responses of men and women with respect to the eight questions concerning informed consent.
Conclusion

Autonomy is a fundamental principle of human rights and medical ethics. Refugees from MENA countries, where the concept of autonomy is contrary to deeply-help traditional religious views of much of the population, in general, have a poor grasp of informed consent as a patient right. Traditional religious/cultural values steeped in patriarchy constitute an obstacle to women making decisions regarding their own lives in MENA countries. Therefore, the practice of informed consent is of critical importance in helping to reduce gender differentials in health care.
Distribution of self-reported health in India: The role of income and geography
Authors: Patnaik Ila , Sane Renuka , Shah Ajay , Subramaniam S. V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: We obtain evidence on self-reported health in India using a new large-scale survey database.Methods: We report summary statistics about the self-reported ill-health rate, and explore relationships with socio-economic parameters through lo-gistic regressions.Results: The overall average ill health rate is 3.25%. The most important correlates are age, income and location. We nd substantial variation across the 102 `homogeneous regions' of the country. Higher income is correlated with better health in 40% of India.Conclusions: The maps of ill health seen here diverge from conventional wisdom about North vs. South India. Epidemiological studies are required in the hotspots of ill-health and the regions where higher income does not correlate with improved health.
Predict the Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia by a Novel Marker Folate Combine with FRα, p16 and Ki-67
Authors: Liu Tingting , Chen Mengjie , Li Xueqin , Wang He 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To study the expression of serum folate and red blood cell (RBC) folate, folate receptor α (FRα), p16INK4a (p16), and Ki-67 at different levels of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and then analyze their role in the progression of CIN and their value as an early warning indicator of CIN progression.Methods: We randomly collected cervical tissues from patients at the Department of Gynecology in Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital: Normal controls (149 cases), CIN1 (150 cases), CIN2 (100 cases), and CIN3 (101 cases). The expression of serum folate and RBC folate was detected by the chemiluminescence method, while the expression of FRα, p16, and Ki-67 was detected by Streptavidin-Perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in serum folate levels between different grades of CIN (P=0.784), but the RBC folate levels were statistically significant (P=0.015), and there was a negative correlation between RBC folate levels and CIN lesion grades (P<0.05). The FRα, p16, and Ki-67 levels in the CIN group were significantly different from those in the normal control group (P <0.01), and a positive correlation was found (P <0.01); FRα positivity (P=0.000), Ki-67 positivity (P=0.000), and low-level RBC folate (P=0.000) were independent risk factors for the progression of CIN; these indicators were combined to establish a random forest (RF) model in which the Ki-67+FRα model was used as the early warning model of CIN progression.Conclusions: RBC folate, FRα, p16, and Ki-67 can be used as valuable clinical test indicators for predicting the progression of CIN; the combined detection model of Ki-67+FRα can be used as an early warning model for predicting the progression of CIN.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Determination of Resistance to Common Disinfectants Among Strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Producing and Non-Producing Biofilm Isolated From Iran
Authors: Bakht Mehdi , Alizadeh Safar Ali , Rahimi Sara , anari Raana Kazemzade , Rostamani Mohammad , Javadi Amir , Marashi Mahmood Amin , Nikkhahi Farhad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the most important reasons for human mortality worldwide is Hospital-acquired infections, which can be controlled by efficient use of proper disinfectants for the Hospital settings. The main aim of the present survey was to assess the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing and non-producing biofilm isolated to the five commonly used Hospital disinfectants, and evaluation of the synergistic effect of selective disinfectants and Ethylene-diamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and the effect of exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of Sodium hypochlorite on antimicrobial susceptibility test.Results: The results showed that Sodium hypochlorite 5%, and Ethanol 70% is the most and less potent disinfectants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Clearly, the addition of EDTA increased the efficacy of selected disinfectants significantly. The changes in the antibiotic-resistance profiles after exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants were observed for different classes of antibiotics. As well as near the all isolates harbored efflux pump genes and produced biofilm. Conclusion: For disinfection of Hospital surfaces and instruments, the mixture of disinfectant and EDTA were the most suitable selection in this study. In our study, it was clear that exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants results in resistance to antibiotics. Also, strong and intermediate biofilm formers belonged to MDR/XDR strains.
High Mobility Group Box 1: a Novel Host Restriction Factor in Zika Virus Replication
Authors: Chin Kim-Ling , Zainal Nurhafiza binti , Sam Sing-Sin , Hassandarvish Pouya , Lani Rafidah , AbuBakar Sazaly 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neonatal microcephaly and adult Guillain-Barré syndrome are severe complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The robustly induced inflammatory cytokine expressions in ZIKV-infected patients may constitute a hallmark for severe disease. In the present study, the potential role of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in ZIKV infection was investigated. HMGB1 protein expression was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot assay. HMGB1’s role in ZIKV infection was also explored using treatment with dexamethasone, an immunomodulatory drug. Antiviral effects of dexamethasone treatment on both wild-typed (WT) and HMGB1-knockdown (shHMGB1) Huh7 cells were determined by the focus-forming assay. Results showed that the Huh7 cells were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. The infection was found to induce HMGB1 nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation, resulting in a >99% increase in the cytosolic HMGB1 expression at 72h.p.i. The extracellular HMGB1 level was elevated in a time- and multiplicity of infection (MOI)- dependent manner. Dexamethasone 150 µM treatment of the ZIKV-infected cells reduced HMGB1 extracellular release in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximum reduction of 71 ± 5.84% (p < 0.01). The treatment also reduced virus titers by over 83 ± 0.50% (p < 0.01). The antiviral effects, however, was not observed in the dexamethasone-treated HMGB1-knockdown cells, suggesting the importance of the intracellular HMGB1 in ZIKV infection. Overall, these results suggest that translocation of HMGB1 occurred during ZIKV infection and inhibition of the translocation reduced ZIKV replication. These findings highlight the potential of developing therapeutics against ZIKV infection by affecting the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Ensemble Forecast of COVID-19 for Vulnerability Assessment and Policy Interventions
Authors: Ganesan Sashikumaar , Subramani Deepak , Anandh Thivin , Ghose Divij , Babu Giridhara R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates forecasts to frame science-informed policies. An accurate forecast of the size and timing of future waves could help public health officials and governments to plan appropriate responses. An ensemble forecast by aggregating different scenarios and models makes the prediction robust and reliable. We present an ensemble forecast for Wave-3 of COVID-19 in the state of Karnataka, India, using the IISc Population Balance Model for infectious disease spread. The reported data of confirmed, recovered, and deceased cases in Karnataka from 1 July 2020 to 4 July 2021 are utilized to tune the model’s parameters. An ensemble forecast is done from 5 July 2021 to 30 June 2022. The ensemble is built with 972 members by varying seven critical parameters that quantify the uncertainty in the spread dynamics (antibody waning, viral mutation) and interventions (pharmaceutical, non-pharmaceutical). The probability of Wave-3, the peak date distribution, and the peak caseload distribution are estimated from the ensemble forecast. Analysis of the ensemble forecast results shows that compliance to COVID-appropriate behaviour, daily vaccination rate, and emergence time of immune-escape new variants are the most significant causal factors that determine the timing and severity of COVID-19 Wave-3. We observe that when compliance to COVID-appropriate behaviour is similar to a lockdown-like situation, the emergence of new immune-escape variants beyond September 2021 is unlikely to induce a new wave. No or partial compliance to COVID-appropriate behaviour makes a new wave inevitable. However, increasing the vaccination rate reduces the active caseload at Wave-3’s peak. If Wave-3 emerges, on average, the daily confirmed caseload of children (Age 0–17 years) could be up to seven times more than the corresponding caseload (4390) at Wave-2’s peak. Therefore, large-scale surveillance, including genome sequencing for early detection of new variants and non-pharmaceutical interventions to improve COVID-Appropriate behaviour, is vital to prevent Wave-3 of COVID-19. Doubling the vaccination rate as of 4 July 2021 to 560K doses per day will reduce the daily confirmed cases even if Wave-3 arises. Consequently, hospitalizations, ICU, and Oxygen requirements can be decreased. Since vaccination is yet to start in children, it is essential to ramp up the public health facilities, including pediatric ICUs to treat MIS-C, by 5-9 times to handle the worst-case situation. From a modeling perspective, capturing the nonlinear dynamics induced by the uncertainties in the causal factors is the key to a successful forecast. Therefore, an effort should be made to build an ensemble forecast that contains multiple models and, more importantly, models that account for causal factor uncertainties.
Analysis of Key Pathways, Genes and Immune Cell Infiltration in Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics
Authors: Wang Zhangjiao , Shen Yong , Xu Qingxia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To seek potential metastatic tumor markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by bioinformatics. Methods: Four datasets (GSE70409, GSE26886, GSE161533, GSE17351) were downloaded from GEO database, and the differential expression of mRNA was screened by Limma software package. Gene ontology function and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the database for annotation; Protein–protein interaction network of these DEGs was constructed based on STRING database; then, the hub gene were identified by six algorithms of Cytoscape software. Using GEPIA2 database and OncoLnc database to analyze the survival of hub genes. Immune infiltration was analyzed by TIMER2 database and CIBERSORT deconvolution method. Results: A total of 244 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened from 4 data sets of GEO database, including 164 up-regulated genes and 80 down-regulated genes, which were mainly enriched at extracellular region and extracellular space, and involved in biological processes such as cell adhesion and proteolysis related to tumor invasion and metastasis. KEGG results showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in PI3K-Akt signal pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction signal pathway. Through the protein interaction analysis of DEGs, we found that three hub genes (CXCL8, MMP9 and MMP13) were highly expressed in ESCC. However, the GEPIA2 database shows that only CXCL8 is associated with the overall survival of ESCC patients. The results of immune infiltration showed that macrophages and resting dendritic cells increased significantly, while mast cells and monocytes decreased significantly. Conclusion: Three hub genes and immune infiltrating cells may play an important role in ESCC, and are expected to become potential tumor markers of ESCC and be used in the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
Treatment effects of pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer dementia: A systematic review overview and updated network meta-analysis.
Authors: Boongird Chitima , Tearneukit Worapong , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , McKay Gareth , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Many existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses summarize the evidence of pharmacotherapies (PTs) and non-pharmacotherapies (NPTs) for wide range of available interventions for the management of Alzheimer dementia (AD). However, a succinct summary and efficacy comparison across the different types of treatments and interventions is lacking. We aim to identify the treatment or treatments with the highest efficacy of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for AD.Methods and analysis: Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be selected according to the following criteria: conducted in elderly patients aged 60 years or older with AD, applied pairwise meta-analysis (PMA) or network meta-analysis (NMA) for pooled relative treatment effects for at least one pair of PTs and NPTs, and at least one of following outcomes was provided for patients/caregivers: cognitive function status, behavior, quality of life. The summary characteristics for each RCT will include the general design, participants, intervention, outcome measurements, duration of therapy and adverse events. The risk of bias will be assessed using Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) checklist and the risk of bias of individual RCTs will be assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval will not be required because this study is based solely on published literature that meets accepted ethical standards, and there will be no concerns about privacy. Dissemination of the evidence obtained will include publication in a peer-reviewed international journal to improve clinical practices on the basis of robust scientific evidence.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021228245
Evaluate the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on sleep duration in female offspring
Authors: Zhang Jingxi , Meng Peilin , Pan Chuyu , Ye Jing , Zhang Huijie , Li Chun’e , Chen Yujing , Zhang Zhen , Cheng Shiqiang , Liu Li , Yang Xuena , Yao Yao , Jia Yumeng , Zhang Feng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Sleep is a fundamental state of decreased activity and alertness conserved in human life. Maternal smoking during pregnancy may affect sleep duration female offspring, however the exact connection and mechanism still remain unclear.
Methods

Based on the UK Biobank data, sleep duration was categorized as short sleep (< 7h/day) and long sleep (≥ 9 h/day). Logistic regression analysis was established to evaluate the potential impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the short sleep and long sleep of female offspring. Subsequently, genome-wide gene-environment interaction study (GWGEIS) of sleep duration was performed using maternal smoking during pregnancy as an environmental factor.
Results

We found that maternal smoking during pregnancy was related to short sleep and long sleep duration of female offspring (P < 0.001). GWGEIS analysis detected a significant association at ANKLE2 (rs78408032, P = 1.33×10− 8) and a suggestive association at MYT1L (rs76688230, P = 8.85×10− 7) in female subjects.
Conclusion

Our study results suggested a significant effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on short sleep of female offspring.
Increases in C-reactive Protein Levels are Correlated with Radiographic Progression in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis who Achieved Clinical Remission with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Koo Bon San , Oh Ji Seon , Park Seo Young , Shin Ji Hui , Nam Bora , Lee Seunghun , Joo Kyung Bin , Kim Tae-Hwan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the relationship between inflammation and radiographic progression over time in patients in clinical remission for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) after tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment.Method: Medical records data of AS patients with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores <4 during TNFi treatment were analysed at 6-month intervals from January 2001 to December 2018. To determine the relationship between the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) over time, we fitted linear mixed models with mSASSS as the response variable, baseline mSASSS and the cumulative sum of CRP with different lag times (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months) as fixed effects, and patients as random effects. Associations between mSASSS and the cumulative sum of CRP or the lag times with the highest beta coefficients were further investigated with linear mixed models that included additional clinical variables.Results: A total of 2,956 intervals were obtained from 333 patients. Among different lag times, the cumulative sum of log CRP in the previous 18–36 months and mSASSS showed significant beta coefficients. In the final linear mixed model that included clinical variables, the cumulative sum of log CRP in the previous 24 months was significantly associated with mSASSS at 24 months (β=0.043, 95% CI: 0.014–0.071, p=0.004). Conclusion: Remnant inflammation correlates with radiographic progression even in patients in clinical remission with TNFi treatment. CRP is a surrogate marker for radiographic progression despite clinical improvement with TNFi treatment.