bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the three-dimensional spatial correlations of curved dislocation systems
Authors: Anderson Joseph Pierre , El-Azab Anter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoarse-grained descriptions of dislocation motion in crystalline metals inherently represent a loss of information regarding dislocation-dislocation interactions. In the present work, we consider a coarse-graining framework capable of re-capturing these interactions by means of the dislocation-dislocation correlation functions. The framework depends on a convolution length to define slip-system-specific dislocation densities. Following a statistical definition of this coarse-graining process, we define a spatial correlation function which will allow the arrangement of the discrete line system at two points—and thus the strength of their interactions at short range—to be recaptured into a mean field description of dislocation dynamics. Through a statistical homogeneity argument, we present a method of evaluating this correlation function from discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. Finally, results of this evaluation are shown in the form of the correlation of dislocation densities on the same slip-system. These correlation functions are seen to depend weakly on plastic strain, and in turn, the dislocation density, but are seen to depend strongly on the convolution length. Implications of these correlation functions in regard to continuum dislocation dynamics as well as future directions of investigation are also discussed.
Association of homocysteine with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Hui-hui , Li Xue-quan , Sai Lin-tao , Cui Yi , Xu Jia-hui , Zhou Chi , Zheng Jing , Li Xing-fu , Liu Hua-xiang , Zhao Ying-jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Current findings regarding plasma/serum homocysteine (HCY) levels in AS patients are inconsistent. This study aims to systematically evaluate the association between circulating HCY levels and AS.

Methods
Online electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang data) were used to retrieve all relevant articles published up to May 7, 2020. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random-effect model, Stata16 software.

Results
Nine articles containing 778 AS patients and 522 controls were included in this meta-analysis. No significant differences in HCY levels were found between AS and control groups (pooled SMD = 0.46, 95% CI = − 0.30 to 1.23, P = 0.23). However, subgroup analysis suggested that HCY levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the AS group treated with methotrexate (MTX) compared with the control group. In contrast, HCY levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the AS group receiving anti-TNF-α treatment compared with the control group. No significant differences were detected between HCY levels and disease activity scores (Bath AS disease activity index, BASDAI), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis indicates that HCY levels are similar between AS and controls, and do not correlate with disease activity. However, different medical treatments cause fluctuations of circulating HCY levels in AS patients. Further and larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Trial registration
This study was registered at international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO), registration number: CRD42020184426.
Association between GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and febrile seizures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Chi Jing , Wang Xiaomeng , Wei Hongyun , Zheng Xueping , Hu Yi , Hu Song , Mao Yongjun , Chi Xiaosa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence has implied that the GABRG2 gene play a role in the mechanism of febrile seizure (FS), however, the relationship between GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and the risk of FS remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship of GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism with the susceptibility to FS.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and CNKI databases were searched (until April 6, 2019) for eligible studies on the relationship between GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and FS. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) by a fixed or random model with the STATA 15.0 software. Subgroup analyses for the ethnicity, the source of the control, and age and sex matching of controls were conducted.

Results
A total of 8 studies consisting of 775 FS patients and 5162 controls were included in this study. Based on the overall data, he GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism was not significantly associated with the risk of FS (TT + CT vs CC: OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.64–1.41, P = 0.80). Notably, the GABRG2 rs211037 variant was significantly associated with decreased risk of FS in Asian populations (TT vs CT + CC: OR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.45–0.88, P = 0.006), but increased risk in Caucasian populations (CT vs CC: OR = 1.56, 95%CI 1.14–2.15, P = 0.006). Significant associations were also detected when healthy controls out of the whole controls were employed for comparison (TT vs CT + CC: OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.45–0.77, P < 0.001) and when data from studies with age- and sex-matched controls were used (TT + CT vs CC: OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.43–0.86, P = 0.001).

Conclusion
The GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism may decrease the risk of FS in Asian populations, while increasing the risk in Caucasian populations. Further well-designed studies with large sample sizes are essential to verify the conclusions in other ethnicities.
Risperidone-associated enuresis—a case report
Authors: Sarangi Ashish , Mkhantar Zachary , Weaver Preston 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Risperidone has been reported to be effective in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, aggression, and behavioral disorders. While the metabolic side effect profile of this medication has been broadly studied, studies related to this medication’s bladder effects are relatively rare. We present a case of risperidone-induced enuresis in an adult male with schizophrenia that resolved upon discontinuation of the offending medication.

Case presentation
We describe a case of a 32-year-old man with a primary psychotic disorder who developed debilitating enuresis secondary to taking risperidone. Enuresis resolved upon switching to Seroquel.

Conclusion
Enuresis secondary to risperidone is not commonly discussed prior to initiation by the treating psychiatrist however can be debilitating. Discussing this potential side effect is critical to informed decision making on the patient’s part.
Detecting fault zone characteristics and paleovalley incision using electrical resistivity: Loma Blanca Fault, New Mexico
Authors: Barnes Heather , Hinojosa Johnny R. , Spinelli Glenn A. , Mozley Peter S. , Koning Daniel , Sproule Tyler G. , Wilson John L. 
Published: March 2021

We have combined electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), geologic information from boreholes and outcrops, and hydrogeologic data to investigate field-scale fault-zone cementation of the Loma Blanca Fault in the Rio Grande Rift. We have collected electrical resistivity data from 16 transects and geologic samples from 29 boreholes (completed as groundwater wells to 30 m depth) across and around the fault. The 2D ERT profiles, whose interpretations are constrained by geologic data, indicate (1) a high resistivity zone in cemented portions of the fault below the water table and (2) in the unsaturated zone, a low-resistivity feature along the cemented portions of the fault. The high-resistivity zone below the water table is consistent with a 10% reduction in porosity due to the fault zone cementation. With the same porosity in the unsaturated zone, the low-resistivity feature in the cemented fault zone is consistent with saturation >0.7, in contrast to saturation 0.2–0.7 for sediment outside of the cemented fault zone. In addition, subsurface samples and ERT profiles delineate a buttress unconformity (i.e., steeply dipping erosional contact) corresponding to a paleovalley margin. This unconformity truncates the cemented fault zone and separates Pliocene axial-fluvial sand (deposited by an ancestral Rio Grande) from late Quaternary sand and gravel (deposited by the Rio Salado, a Rio Grande tributary). The cemented fault zone in the southern portion of the study area is a hydrogeologic barrier; north of the buttress unconformity, where the cemented fault zone has been removed by erosion, the fault is not a hydrogeologic barrier. The integration of geologic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic observations is key to developing our understanding of this complex system, and it allows us to demonstrate the utility of ERT in detecting subsurface fault-zone cementation.
Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentation on the Miocene Pearl River continental shelf, northeastern South China Sea: Implications for exploring lithologic traps
Authors: Zhang Xiangtao , Li Xiaoping , Du Jiayuan , Ding Lin , Li Xiaoyan , Li Xiao , Wu Yuxiang , Xiang Qiaowei 
Published: March 2021

During the Miocene, when the Zhujiang Formation was deposited, the eastern part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea, underwent intense mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentation, particularly on the platform of the marginal ramp of the Dongsha Rise, northeastern margin of the South China Sea. Cores and well logs from industrial boreholes were collected and systematically investigated to reveal the sedimentary-petrographic characteristics of the mixed deposits and their formative processes. Four lithotypes were differentiated in the deposits, that is, (1) sandstone, (2) dolomitic sandstone and calcitic sandstone, (3) sandy dolomite and sandy limestone, and (4) dolomite, bioclastic limestone, and micrite limestone, which were formed by three major types of mixing processes: punctuated, facies, and in situ mixing processes. The porosity and permeability of the mixed deposits indicated that the siliciclastic component of the mixed deposits that experienced punctuated mixing formed the most high-quality hydrocarbon reservoirs. Exploration revealed that the lithologic reserves in the study area were mainly developed in mixed sedimentation areas. Our results suggest that the mixed sedimentation area, particularly with pure sandstone sedimentation or bioclastic sandstone, that underwent compaction or structural fracture activities, may be the next preference for lithologic exploration.
Mixed signals – howTrypanosoma cruziexploits host-cell communication and signaling to establish infection
Authors: Nájera Carlos Acides , Batista Marina Ferreira , Meneghelli Isabela , Bahia Diana 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTChagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is a ‘neglected’ pathology that affects millions of people worldwide, mainly in Latin America. Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent, is an obligate intracellular parasite with a complex and diverse biology that infects several mammalian species, including humans. Because of genetic variability among strains and the presence of four biochemically and morphologically distinct parasite forms, the outcome of T. cruzi infection varies considerably depending on host cell type and parasite strain. During the initial contact, cellular communication is established by host-recognition-mediated responses, followed by parasite adherence and penetration. For this purpose, T. cruzi expresses a variety of proteins that modify the host cell, enabling it to safely reach the cytoplasm. After entry into the host cell, T. cruzi forms a transitory structure termed ‘parasitophorous vacuole’ (PV), followed by its cytoplasmic replication and differentiation after PV rupture, and subsequent invasion of other cells. The success of infection, maintenance and survival inside host cells is facilitated by the ability of T. cruzi to subvert various host signaling mechanisms. We focus in this Review on the various mechanisms that induce host cytoskeletal rearrangements, activation of autophagy-related proteins and crosstalk among major immune response regulators, as well as recent studies on the JAK-STAT pathway.
Examining implicit beliefs in a replication attempt of a time-reversed priming task
Authors: Schlitz Marilyn , Delorme Arnaud 
Published: March 2021

Background:Psi research is a controversial area of science that examines telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis (mind over matter). Central to the debate over the existence of psi is of whether independent investigators can replicate reportedly successful psi experiments. One important variable involves the beliefs of experimenters and participants. A preregistered experiment is presented that sought to replicate and extend previously published parapsychology experiments suggestive of precognition by examining implicit beliefs.Methods:On each trial of the standard (non-psi) priming task, a pleasant or unpleasant word (the "prime") is briefly shown on computer screen, followed immediately by a pleasant or unpleasant picture. Trials on which the image and the priming word have different valences are termed “Incongruent”; trials on which the picture and the priming word share a common valence are termed “Congruent”. Participants in such experiments typically respond more slowly on Incongruent trials than on Congruent trials. In this "time-reversed" psi version of the experiment, the presumed cause-effect sequence is reversed so that the prime is not flashed untilafterthe participant has already recorded his or her judgment. The experimental hypothesis remains the same: response times will be longer on trials with Incongruent prime/picture pairs than on trials with Congruent prime/picture pairs. Additionally, the study assesses expectations of success on the psi task of 32 experimenters—each testing 12 participants—using self-report questionnaires and the Implicit Association Task (IAT).Results:A significant correlation was found between the Implicit Association Test (IAT) effect and the participants’ reported beliefs in psi, with the effect in the direction opposite to the hypothesized correlation.Conclusions:This study offers an innovative approach to the role of beliefs in psi in a precognition study and speaks to the challenges of replication in controversial science.
Large-scale assessment of 7-11-year-olds’ cognitive and sensorimotor function within the Born in Bradford longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Hill Liam JB , Shire Katy A. , Allen Richard J , Crossley Kirsty , Wood Megan L , Mason Dan , Waterman Amanda H 
Published: March 2021

Background: Cognitive ability and sensorimotor function are crucial aspects of children’s development, and are associated with physical and mental health outcomes and educational attainment. The current project forms part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal birth-cohort study, and involved measuring sensorimotor and cognitive function in over 15,000 children aged 7-10 years. This paper describes the large-scale data collection process and presents initial analyses of the data, including the relationship between cognition/sensorimotor ability and age and task difficulty, and associations between tasks. Method: Data collection was completed in 86 schools between May 2016 and July 2019. Children were tested at school, individually, using a tablet computer with a digital stylus or finger touch for input. Assessments comprised a battery of three sensorimotor tasks (Tracking, Aiming, & Steering) and five cognitive tasks (three Working Memory tasks, Inhibition, and Processing Speed), which took approximately 40 minutes. Results: Performance improved with increasing age and decreasing task difficulty, for each task. Performance on all three sensorimotor tasks was correlated, as was performance on the three working memory tasks. In addition, performance on a composite working memory score correlated with performance on both inhibition and processing speed. Interestingly, within age-group variation was much larger than between age-group variation. Conclusions: The current project collected computerised measures of a range of cognitive and sensorimotor functions at 7-10 years of age in over 15,000 children. Performance varied as expected by age and task difficulty, and showed the predicted correlations between related tasks. Large within-age group variation highlights the need to consider the profile of individual children in studying cognitive and sensorimotor development. These data can be linked to the wider BiB dataset including measures of physical and mental health, biomarkers and genome-wide data, socio-demographic information, and routine data from local health and education services.
Using the Mothers Object Relations Scale for early childhood development research in rural India: Findings from the Early Life Stress Sub-study of the SPRING Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (SPRING-ELS)
Authors: Bhopal Sunil S. , Roy Reetabrata , Verma Deepali , Kumar Divya , Khan Bushra , Soremekun Seyi , Oates John , Divan Gauri , Kirkwood Betty R. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The World Health Organization and others promote responsive caregiving to support all children to thrive, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The 14-item Mother’s Object Relations Scales – Short Form (MORS-SF) may be of use in research and public health programmes because of its basis in attachment theory and ability to capture parental feelings towards their child. Methods: We culturally adapted the MORS-SF for use with mothers in the SPRING home visits trial when their infants were 12 months old. The same dyads were assessed using the HOME inventory concurrently and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) at 18 months of age. Mixed effects linear regression was used to examine associations between MORS-SF (explanatory variable) and HOME-IT, and the cognitive, language and motor domains of BSID-III (outcome variables). Results: 1273 dyads completed all assessments. For the motor and language BSID-III scales and for HOME-IT there were strong and positive associations with the MORS-SF warmth sub-scale, and strong and negative associations with the invasion sub-scale. Important but less strong associations were seen with the BSID-III cognitive scale. Evidence of interaction suggested that both are individually important for child development. Conclusions: This is the first time MORS-SF has been used in India where optimising responsive caregiving is of importance in supporting all children to reach their potential. It is also the first time that the tool has been used in relation to child development. MORS-SF could be a valuable addition to evaluation in early childhood development.
Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19: the level of anxiety, stress and the general mental health in comparison to healthy control
Authors: Cyranka Katarzyna , Matejko Bartłomiej , Klupa Tomasz , Małecki Maciej , Cyganek Katarzyna , Kieć-Wilk Beata , Dudek Dominika 
Published: March 2021

Cel pracyOcena stanu psychicznego pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 1 - poziomu lęku, stresu oraz ogólnego stanu zdrowia psychicznego w stresujących warunkach pandemii. Ponadto sprawdzono czy reakcja stresowa na pandemię w grupie T1DM różni się od reakcji w grupie kontrolnej badanej w tym samym czasie lockdownu. Jest to pierwsze badanie, które dotyczy tych pytań w populacji chorych na cukrzycę typu 1 w Polsce.MetodaDo wszystkich pacjentów z T1DM znajdujących się pod opieką poradni diabetologicznej została wysłana wiadomość e-mail z informacją o możliwości konsultacji on-line z psychologiem / psychiatrą, z załączonym zestawem testów psychologicznych. W badaniu uwzględniono 49 pacjentów z T1DM, którzy odpowiedzieli na e-mail w ciągu pierwszego miesiąca i wyrazili zgodę na udział w badaniu. 38 osób z grupy kontrolnej rekrutowano losowo. Każda z osób wypełniła zestaw narzędzi badających poziom lęku stresu, styl radzenia sobie ze stresem i ogólny poziom psychopatologii.WynikiW obu grupach poziom stresu był wyższy niż typowy dla populacji ogólnej w sytuacji bez działania stresora. Pacjenci z T1DM chorujący od ponad 10 lat częściej radzą sobie ze stresem poprzez zadaniowe podejście do sytuacji. Pacjenci, którzy chorują krócej, stosują strategię unikania. Kobiety z T1DM w pierwszej fazie pandemii częściej stosowały strategie unikania, szukały kontaktów z innymi, starały się odwrócić uwagę od kwestii związanych z pandemią. Pacjenci z cukrzycą i zaburzeniami psychicznymi reagują bardziej lękowo, a tym samym wymagają szczególnej troski w zakresie radzenia sobie z cukrzycą w sytuacji zagrożenia.WnioskiW sytuacji stresu jakim jest pandemia pacjenci chorujący na T1DM wymagają optymalizacji leczenia i współpracy specjalistów z zakresu diabetologii i psychologii/psychiatrii.
Vanishing Contagion Spreads
Authors: Duarte Diogo , Prieto Rodolfo , Rindisbacher Marcel , Saporito Yuri F. 
Published: March 2021

We study default in a multifirm equilibrium setting with incomplete information. Defaults are consistent with the firm’s balance sheet and aggregation. We show that the endogenous volatility and jump size of debt and equity generated by other firms’ shocks vanish as the number of firms in the economy increases. As a result, credit spreads depend asymptotically only on the firms’ own cash flow risk. Our vanishing contagion spread result calls into question recent findings based on production economies, in which quantities of risk (volatilities and jump sizes of securities) are specified exogenously, that attribute credit spreads mostly to contagion. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Destigmatization and Its Imbalanced Effects in Labor Markets
Authors: Negro Giacomo , Williams Melissa J. , Pontikes Elizabeth G. , Lopiano Gabrielle 
Published: March 2021

Destigmatization is an understudied social process in which the negative outcomes for a previously stigmatized group improve. We theorize that during a period of destigmatization, the effects of stigma persist more strongly for people stigmatized by association than for those directly stigmatized. We propose that this occurs because, during periods of destigmatization, conscious prejudice has diminished but nonconscious prejudice remains, so people correct for their explicit biases toward individuals with the stigmatizing trait but are unaware of their ongoing implicit prejudice toward those stigmatized by association. Our evidence comes from archival data on individual employment in film during the cold war years in Hollywood. It shows that as the stigma of being on an anticommunist blacklist weakened, the employment penalty for being a coworker of a blacklisted artist was greater than the penalty for actually having been on the blacklist itself. A supplemental experiment, designed to address the limitations of archival data, shows the same imbalanced employment penalties in another stigma currently undergoing destigmatization (that of physical disability). Paradoxically, as stigmas recede, harmful effects persist more for associates of stigmatized individuals than for the stigmatized themselves. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, organizations.