bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do dogs with non-surgically managed cranial cruciate ligament disease have better outcomes with rehabilitation?
Authors: Merickel Joshua , Gordon-Evans Wanda 
Published: April 2021

PICO question
In dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease treated non-surgically with rehabilitation, is the outcome inferior/equivalent/superior as measured by owner and/or veterinarian evaluation to dogs treated non-surgically without rehabilitation?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Four papers were critically appraised. One paper reviewed was a prospective, randomised clinical trial. The remaining three papers were retrospective cohort studies
Strength of evidence
Weak
Outcomes reported
There are no studies available that directly compare dogs managed non-surgically with and without rehabilitation following cranial cruciate ligament injury. In one study, 66% of dogs treated non-surgically with rehabilitation are reported to have successful outcomes 1 year following initiation of treatment. For dogs managed non-surgically without rehabilitation, successful outcomes varied from 19%–90% of cases among several retrospective studies
Conclusion
There is evidence suggesting the addition of rehabilitation to conservative therapy is beneficial, but based on the current literature, it is impossible to say whether it is superior to conservative treatment without rehabilitation

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Risk Factors for Tibial Component Loosening
Authors: van Hamersveld Koen T. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J. , Tsonaka Roula , Nilsson Kjell G. , Toksvig-Larsen Sören , Nelissen Rob G.H.H. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is a highly accurate tool to detect implant migration and predict loosening following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, little is known about the predisposing risk factors for implant migration, nor which migration profile should be considered physiological (i.e., merely part of an implant-settling phase) and which should be considered pathological (i.e., having a high probability for implant loosening). By pooling individual participant data from long-term follow-up RSA studies, we aimed to identify predisposing risk factors for tibial component loosening.

Methods:
Individual data were collected for 630 patients from 11 RSA studies. The repeated measurements were analyzed with use of a linear mixed-effects model, determining the effect of age, sex, body mass index, diagnosis, preoperative and postoperative limb alignment, and prosthesis characteristics on tibial component migration over time, taking into account the clustering of patients within studies.

Results:
High initial migration was found to result in early mechanical loosening in 18 cases (2.9%) and septic loosening in 2 cases (0.3%), whereas stabilization of high initial migration occurred in 17 cases (2.7%). Late loosening occurred in 13 cases (2.1%). All other 580 cases (92.1%) showed early stabilization and remained stable over time. Mixed-effects model analyses showed that for cemented prostheses, sex, diagnosis, and posterior cruciate ligament type had an effect on migration, but these differences were nonsignificant when analyzing migration from 3 months onwards. Uncemented prostheses aligned in varus showed more migration than neutrally and valgus-aligned TKAs (p = 0.031), and this difference increased over time (p < 0.001). Significantly higher migration was observed following uncemented TKA without an osseointegration-promoting surface (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
For cemented prostheses, increased migration during the first 3 postoperative months was observed for female patients, patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and patients who underwent a posterior-stabilized TKA. For uncemented prostheses, both postoperative varus alignment of the lower limb and the absence of an osseointegration-promoting surface significantly increased postoperative tibial component migration.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Age and Genesis of the Pokrovskoe Gold–Silver Deposit (Russian Far East)
Authors: Sorokin A.A. , Kadashnikova A.Yu. , Ponomarchuk A.V. , Travin A.V. , Ponomarchuk V.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
––We present results of geochronological studies of rocks from different igneous complexes and of hydrothermally altered volcanics with Au–Ag mineralization from the Pokrovskoe deposit. The age of the ore-hosting granites of the Sergeevsky pluton of the Upper Amur complex is estimated at ~129 Ma. The primary age of dacites of a sill-like body is within 128–125 Ma and is close to the age of volcanics of the Taldan complex. Propylitization processes superposed on these dacites are dated at ~122–119 Ma. Taking into account the commercial contents of gold and silver in these rocks, we believe that the age of the hosted orebodies is in the same interval. The period 122–119 Ma is also the time of formation of the Gal’ka volcanic complex in the Umlekan volcanic zone, which was accompanied by granitoid magmatism. This suggests that the formation of the Pokrovskoe deposit was associated with the accumulation of the Gal’ka complex.
Assessing Optimal Digital Elevation Model Selection for Active River Area Delineation Across Broad Regions
Authors: Ma Shizhou , Beazley Karen , Nussey Patrick , Greene Chris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Active River Area (ARA) is a spatial approach for identifying the extent of functional riparian area. Given known limitations in terms of input elevation data quality and methodology, ARA studies to date have not achieved effective computer-based ARA-component delineation, limiting the efficacy of the ARA framework in terms of informing riparian conservation and management. To achieve framework refinement and determine the optimal input elevation data for future ARA studies, this study tested a novel Digital Elevation Model (DEM) smoothing algorithm and assessed ARA outputs derived from a range of DEMs for accuracy and efficiency. It was found that the tested DEM smoothing algorithm allows the ARA framework to take advantage of high-resolution LiDAR DEM and considerably improves the accuracy of high-resolution LiDAR DEM derived ARA results; smoothed LiDAR DEM in 5-meter spatial resolution best balanced ARA accuracy and data processing efficiency and is ultimately recommended for future ARA delineations across large regions.
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct with infiltrative small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Zhao Baoyi , Lin Hua-jun , Man Wen-hao , Su Cai-li , Zhang Zhong-tao , Li Pei-xin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: We present the case of an intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) accompanying a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Patient concerns: A 73-year-old male Chinese patient presented with jaundice of unknown origin. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed that the wall of the lower common bile duct was thickened and nodular, causing a narrowing in the lumen and upper common bile duct enlargement above the narrow segment. Diagnosis and interventions: The initial diagnosis based on clinical manifestations was IPNB and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Pathological examination of the resected bile duct revealed papillary proliferation of biliary-type cells with nuclear atypia, indicating IPNB. Immunohistochemistry was positive for neuroendocrine markers indicative of infiltration and small cell neuroendocrine cancer. Outcomes: The patient died on postoperative day 138. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of its kind, as none has been reported in any published literature so far.
Quantitative MRI Reveals Grey Matter Abnormalities in Children With Drug-Naïve Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Su Shu , Chen Yingqian , Dai Yan , Lin Liping , Qian Long , Zhou Qin , Zou Mengsha , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Meina , Xiang Xianhong , Yang Zhiyun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate the quantitative profiles of brain GM in pediatric drug-naïve ADHD patients using Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI).
Method and Materials:

A total of 37 drug-naïve pediatric ADHD and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Each subject underwent both SyMRI and conventional 3D T1-FSPGR scans. Quantitative parameters, T1 and T2 maps, were extracted from the SyMRI data. Between-group quantitative maps were compared using a general linear model analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the association between significantly altered MR indices and clinical measurements in ADHD.
Results

Compared with the HC group, altered T1 and T2 relaxometry times in the ADHD group were mainly distributed in GM regions of the cerebellum, attention and execution control network, default mode network, and limbic areas. Moreover, the T1 value of the right cerebellum 8 was negatively correlated with the attention concentration level in ADHD (R = 0.1401, P = 0.0225). With regards to T2 map, the associations were observed between the attention level of ADHD patients and left fusiform gyrus (R = 0.2509, P = 0.0016), and right cerebellum crus2 (R = 0.1422, P = 0.0214).
Conclusion

Altered T1, T2 values found in specific regions of GM may reveal widespread micromorphology changes, i.e., brain iron deficiency, low myelin content, and enlarged vascular interstitial space in ADHD patients. Thus, T1, T2 values might be promising imaging markers for future ADHD studies.
Extraction efficiency simulation in deep ultraviolet AlGaN light emitting diodes
Authors: Fan Qian , Ni Xianfeng , Hua Bing , Gu Xing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A ray tracing model is developed to study the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the nitride wide band gap semiconductor deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs). The basic device structure is flip-chip LED device with dome shape encapsulation. Various device parameters such as reflecting metal choices, absorption coefficient of the AlGaN/AlN layers, sapphire surface roughness etc have been examined. We have found that the transparency of the AlGaN/AlN epitaxial layers as well as the encapsulation layer play key roles in improving the LEE and spatial distribution. To further verify the absorption by the AlN, highly doped n-type Al0.61Ga0.39N epitaxial layer is grown on AlN template and sapphire substrate by high temperature MOCVD deposition method, then the transmittance is measured after sapphire’s backside being polished to mirror smooth. The extrapolated the absorption coefficient of the AlN is below 103 cm-1, which paves the way to the success of high efficiency DUV LEDs.
Influence of Wastewater Type in the Effects Caused by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Removal of Macronutrients by Activated Sludge
Authors: Cervantes-Avilés Pabel , Saber Ayman N. , Polanco Abrahan Mora , Mahlknecht Jurgen , Cuevas-Rodríguez Germán 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The imminent arrival of nanoparticles (NPs) to the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) brings concern about their effects. In this work, the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs in the removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus by activated sludge bioreactors during the treatment of synthetic, raw and filtered wastewater were evaluated. The floc size, compaction of sludge, and morphological interactions between sludge and NPs were also evaluated. The main effect was observed in the ammoniacal nitrogen removal, which was inhibited up to 22% for all types of wastewater in the presence of TiO2 NPs. While nitrite production deficiencies were observed for real wastewaters experiments, nitrate formation was mainly affected for synthetic wastewater. The removal of organic matter was affected by TiO2 NPs in lower level (up to 6%) than nitrogen removal, especially during treatment of raw wastewater. The removal of orthophosphate was improved in presence of NPs 34%, 16% and 55% for synthetic, raw, and filtered wastewater, respectively. The compaction of the sludge was also a positive effect, which enhanced as the concentration of NPs increased without alterations in the floc size for all types of wastewater. Based on TEM and STEM imaging, the main interaction of TiO2 NPs with activated sludge flocs was mainly the adsorption of NPs on the cell membrane. This means that NPs can disrupt the cell membrane during aerobic wastewater treatment. The effects of NPs on macronutrient removal depended on wastewater characteristics. The use of realistic matrices is highly encouraged for ecotoxicological experiments.
The COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown and Its Future Economic and Demographic Implications on Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Babatunde , Abatan Sunday Matthew , Atsuwa Ruth Ngukimbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) associated with acute respiratory syndrome believed to have emanated from Wuhan, China in 2019 has led to serious implications on fertility, economic challenges and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria. The impact of the coivd-19 pandemic led to various responses by many governments around the world, aimed at reducing the spread of the disease and the unprecedented deaths that have followed. This paper examined the implications of the COVID-19 lockdown on fertility, economic and intimate partner violence in Nigeria using situation analysis study (SAS) as its design. Qualitative and quantitative data obtained through administered questionnaires using online survey monkey and focused group method was analyzed. Result:Results indicated that, although lockdown as a method adopted by governments to curtail the spread of the deadly virus has to an extent reduced the spread of Covid-19, however, it has negative implications especially on fertility and the economy. It was also found to induce a spike in intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria. Conclusion: The study recommends that government agencies aside introducing lockdown as a measure for reducing the spread of the virus should sensitize on its benefits as a good instrument for tackling future occurrences of the virus. Also, other safety nets like flexible loans to low income individuals for immediate and basic needs among other factors should be adopted.
Point-Process modeling of Secondary Crashes
Authors: Motagi Samarth , Namilae Sirish , Gbaguidi Audrey , Parr Scott , Liu Dahai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Secondary crashes or crashes that occur in the wake of a preceding or primary crash are among the most critical incidents occurring on highways, due to the exceptional danger they present to the first responders and victims of the primary crash. In this work, we developed a self-exciting temporal point process to analyze crash events data and classify it into primary and secondary crashes. Our model uses a self-exciting function to describe secondary crashes while primary crashes are modeled using a background rate function. We fit the model to crash incidents data from the Florida Department of Transportation, on Interstate-4 (I-4) highway for the years 2015-2017, to determine the model parameters. These are used to estimate the probability that a given crash is secondary crash and to find queue times. To represent the periodically varying traffic levels and crash incidents, we model the background rate, as a stationary function, a sinusoidal non-stationary function, and a piecewise non-stationary function. We show that the sinusoidal non-stationary background rate fits the traffic data better and replicates the daily and weekly peaks in crash events due to traffic rush hours. Secondary crashes are found to account for up to 15.09% of the traffic incident, depending on the city on the I4 Highway.
Pain hypersensitivity in a pharmacological mouse model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Authors: Bouchatta Otmane , Aby Franck , Sifeddine Wahiba , Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz , Brochoire Louison , Manouze Houria , Fossat Pascal , M'Hamed Saadia Ba , Bennis Mohamed , Landry Marc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent clinical evidence suggest that pain hypersensitivity develops in subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the mechanisms and neural circuits involved in these interactions remain unknown because of the paucity of studies in animal models. In our previous work, we validated a mouse model obtained by neonatal 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection, to mimic ADHD syndrome. Here, we demonstrated that 6-OHDA mice exhibited a marked decrease of withdrawal thresholds to thermal and mechanical stimuli, suggesting that ADHD conditions increase nociceptive sensitivity. Moreover, sensitization to pathological inflammatory pain is amplified in 6-OHDA mice as compared to shams. Conversely, ADHD-related hyperactivity and anxiety, but not inattention and impulsivity, are worsened in the inflammatory pain model. Our data indicated that ADHD-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia are accompanied by neuronal hyperexcitability in the dorsal spinal cord. Next, we tested the hypothesis that descending controls are responsible for pain alterations. By combining in vivo electrophysiology, optogenetic stimulation and behavioral analyses, we demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) hyperactivity alters the ‘ACC – posterior insula’ circuit, and triggers changes in spinal networks that underlie pain sensitization. Altogether, our results point to unprecedented mechanisms underlying the comorbidity between ADHD and pain sensitization. They indicate that ADHD and pain sensitization are mutually worsening comorbid disorders. The identification of shared mechanisms, engaging overlapping neuronal circuits and underlying both disorders, is key to better treatments.
FIRELAN | An Ecologically Based Planning Model Towards a Fire Resilient and Sustainable Landscape. A Case Study in Center Region of Portugal
Authors: Magalhães Manuela R. , Cunha Natalia S. , Pena Selma B. , Müller Ana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This paper explores the role of landscape planning as a tool for rural fire prevention. It presents a methodology for a fire resilient and sustainable landscape model (FIRELAN) that articulates the ecological and cultural components in a suitable and multifunction land-use plan. FIRELAN is a conceptual and ecologically based model that recognizes river basin’ land morphology, microclimate, and species combustibility as the fundamental factors that determine fire behavior and landscape resilience, along with the ecological network (EN) for achieving ecological sustainability of the landscape.
The model is constituted by the FIRELAN Network and the Complementary Areas. This network ensures the effectiveness of discontinuities in the landscape with less combustible land-uses. It also functions as a fire-retardant technique and protection of wildland-urban interface (WUI).
This model is applied to municipalities from Portugal's center region, a simplified landscape severely damaged by recurrent rural fires. The results show that land-use and tree species composition should change drastically, whereas about 72% of the case study needs transformation actions. This requires a significant increase of native or archaeophytes species, agricultural areas, landscape discontinuities and the restoration of biodiversity in Natura 2000 areas. The EN components are 79% of the FIRELAN N area, whose implementation ensures soil and water conservation, biodiversity, and habitats.
This paper contributes to the discussion of the Portuguese rural fires planning framework, highlighting the role of this model implementation towards a new landscape by giving explicit indications of adequate land-uses in rural areas. The FIRELAN model can be replicated in any situation.
Induction and quantification of fiber alignment in cellulose nanofibril films
Authors: Roozbahani Sahar , Hamilton Josh , Alsamsam Omar , Mason Michael , Tilbury Karissa Beth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have been explored as an emerging naturally sourced material for use in the preparation of new biomaterials. CNF fibrils have a high aspect ratio with fibril lengths of ~ 1 µm and diameters of 20–40 nm. The assembly of CNF impacts both bulk mechanical properties as well as localized cellular interaction. The ability to reproducibly tune CNF fiber alignment is an active area of CNF-based biomaterial research. Here, we present a simple CNF fibril alignment strategy based on application of constant unilateral force on thin CNF films drying on a flexible substrate. CNF fibril alignment/orientation was characterized using both Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and conventional Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) approaches. CNF is optically birefringent; therefore, calculation of the birefringence orientation index (BOI) can infer the extent of CNF fibril alignment with a non-destructive, cost-effective technique. CNF fibril alignment is markedly increased with application of 10.2 N force as assessed by both SEM and PLM analysis. SEM imaging resolved individual CNF and the alignment was analyzed using OrientationJ, an ImageJ plugin, to extract fibril angle whereas PLM microscopy provided a BOI value. Both the fibril alignment and BOI score were in agreement; therefore, it is acceptable to infer fibril organization with PLM techniques. Furthermore, the addition of nanoparticle hydroxyapatite did not diminish the CNF fibril alignment as assessed by both PLM and SEM highlighting the utility of the CNF film fabrication technique. In summary, the application of unilateral force on thin CNF films adhered to latex, is an elegant, scalable, and cost-effective technique for generating CNF films with reproducible fibril alignment.
Approximate Analytical study of unsteady Hybrid nanofluid in the presences of magnetic field with convective boundary condition over a stretching surface
Authors: Rehman Ali , khan Waris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this researcher paper is to study the analytical solution of unsteady hybrid nanofluid in the presences of magnetic field over a stretching surface. By using similarity transformation the major partial differential equation is converted to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equation .the analytical method (OHAM) is used to find the approximate analytical solution of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation The BVPh 2.0 package function of MATHEMATICA is used to obtained the numerical results the result of important parameter such as, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number and surface convection parameter for both velocity and temperature profile are plotted and discuss. The BVPh 2.0 package is used to obtained the converges of the problem up to 25 iterations. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt is explained in table form.