bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviving Matrix for Nerve Reconstruction in Rabbit Model of Chronic Peripheral Nerve Injury With Massive Loss Defect
Authors: Rochkind Shimon , Almog Mara , Meilin Sigal , Nevo Zvi 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims:The aim of this study was to investigate the innovative guiding regenerative gel (GRG) and antigliotic GRG (AGRG) fillings for nerve conduits, prepared with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents and expected to provide an alternative to autologous nerve graft and to enable reconnection of massive nerve gaps in a rabbit model of chronic peripheral nerve injury with massive loss defect that simulates the human condition of chronic injury with a large gap.Methods:The components and dosimetry for GRG and AGRG formulations were investigatedin vitroon nerve cell culture andin vivoon 10-mm reconstructed sciatic nerves of 72 rats using different concentrations of agents and completed on a rabbit model of delayed (chronic) complete peripheral nerve injury with a 25-mm gap. Forty rabbits underwent delayed (9 weeks after complete injury of the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve) nerve tube reconstruction of a gap that is 25 mm long. GRG and AGRG groups were compared with autologous and empty tube reconstructed groups. Rats and rabbits underwent electrophysiological and histochemical assessments (19 weeks for rats and 40 weeks for rabbits).Results:Application of AGRG showed a significant increase of about 78% in neurite length per cell and was shown to have the most promising effect on neuronal outgrowth, with total number of neurites increasing by 4-fold. The electrophysiological follow-up showed that AGRG treatment is most promising for the reconstruction of the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve with a critical gap of 25 mm. The beneficial effect of AGRG was found when compared with the autologous nerve graft reconstruction. Thirty-one weeks post the second surgery (delayed reconstruction), histochemical observation showed significant regeneration after using AGRG neurogel, compared with the empty tube, and succeeded in significantly regenerating the nerve, as well as the autologous nerve graft, which was almost similar to a healthy nerve.Conclusion:We demonstrate that in the model of delayed peripheral nerve repair with massive loss defect, the application of AGRG led to a stronger nerve recovery and can be an alternative to autologous nerve graft.
Pengaruh Budaya Kerja dan Kepemimpinan terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai pada Dinas Pendidikan Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Pakaya Syaiful 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine how much influence work culture and leadership partially and simultaneously on the work discipline of employees at the Gorontalo City Education Office. The sampling method used in this study is the census method, namely the number of samples in the study is less than 100. The main point is through a list of statements that are tested through validity and reliability tests. The analysis method used is the path analysis method. The first test results show that the variables of work culture (X1) and leadership (X2) have a simultaneous effect on employee work discipline. The results of testing the second hypothesis show that work culture (X1) partially has a positive and significant effect on employee work discipline. The third test results indicate that the leadership variable (X2) partially has a positive and significant effect on employee work discipline.
From perception to inference: Utilization of probabilities as decision weights in children
Authors: Betsch Tilmann , Lindow Stefanie , Lehmann Anne , Stenmans Rachel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a probabilistic inference task (three probabilistic cues predict outcomes for two options), we examined decisions from 233 children (5–6 vs. 9–10 years). Contiguity (low vs. high; i.e., position of probabilistic information far vs. close to options) and demand for selectivity (low vs. high; i.e., showing predictions of desired vs. desired and undesired outcomes) were varied as configural aspects of the presentation format. Probability utilization was measured by the frequency of following the predictions of the highest validity cue in choice. High contiguity and low demand for selectivity strongly and moderately increased probability utilization, respectively. Children are influenced by presentation format when using probabilities as decision weights. They benefit from perception-like presentations that present probabilities and options as compounds.
TAREKAT DAN MODERASI BERAGAMA
Authors: Feriyanto Feriyanto 
Published: January 2021

Tarekat Qadariyah Naqsabandiyah (TQN) is the research’s subject, due to the phenomenon of religious moderation among TQN practitioners. The research uses phenomenological method. The data are collected through participant observation, interviews, and literature review. Data analysis techniques are completed by reducing, presenting, and concluding. The results show that the practices; first, religious moderation’s form exists among practitioners of inclusive TQN and social solidarity. Second, internalized teachings of tanbih values are involving moderate attitude in religion, social protection, calm and peace in life. Third, tanbih teachings changes for the better and shows attitudes ranging from intolerance to tolerance, narrow thinking to wisdom and broadness, mutual respect, moderation in religion and among the practitioners even when they have different backgrounds. The role of “Guru Murshid” is the most important facet in maintaining religious moderation. Keyword: religious moderation; religious experience; tanbih; tarekat
MODERASI ISLAM INDONESIA DALAM MEDIA CETAK
Authors: Rohman Dudung Abdul 
Published: January 2021

This research departs from the phenomenon of widespread acts of violence with religious nuances that often occur in Indonesia. A negative stigma is often addressed to the Muslim community. In this context, moderation narrative of Indonesian Islam published by the Ministry of Religion through the printed media Republika Newspaper is essential to reduce and counteract the issues of radicalism and religious terrorism. The results indicate that the media takes a role in constructing narrative news about the moderation conception of Indonesian Islam from the perspective of the Ministry of Religion, so that it becomes a presentation of information and public opinion. After being analyzed, the moderation conception of Indonesian Islam includes: (1) Islam rahmatan lil-alamin; (2) Islam that promotes openness, brotherhood, and benefit; (3) Islam which is based on tolerance, justice, and balance; (4) Islam which is comprehensively understood; (5) Islam which is not radical or extreme. Keywords: Discourse Analysis; Print media; Narrative of Islamic Moderation.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Surasa Ais 
Published: January 2021

This research aims to find out the conditions of corporate criminal liability in money laundering offences based on Islamic law perspective. This research uses library research methods. The results concluded that corporate criminal liability conditions are stipulated in Article 6 of Law No. 08 year 2010, which contains that a person with money laundering will be 4 years or more in prisoned. Islamic law states that one who commits it, will be punished in return towards the actions of “jarimah” perpetrators (as the elements fulfilled). Thus, the criminal liability is a person who can experience a shift and accept the concept of harm through determining corporate’s liability. It is because the will-have impact is greater than any crimes executed by individuals. As for the sanctions against corporations which committed money laundering are ta'zir (punishments). Keywords: Corporate Criminal Liability; Money Laundering; Islamic Law
The Volume-complete Sample of M Dwarfs with Masses 0.1 ≤ M/M⊙ ≤ 0.3 within 15 Parsecs
Authors: Winters Jennifer G. , Charbonneau David , Henry Todd J. , Irwin Jonathan M. , Jao Wei-Chun , Riedel Adric R. , Slatten Kenneth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
M dwarfs with masses 0.1 ≤ M/M
⊙ ≤ 0.3 are under increasing scrutiny because these fully convective stars pose interesting astrophysical questions regarding their magnetic activity and angular momentum history. They also afford the most accessible near future opportunity to study the atmospheres of terrestrial planets. Because they are intrinsically low in luminosity, the identification of the nearest examples of these M dwarfs is essential for progress. We present the volume-complete, all-sky list of 512 M dwarfs with masses 0.1 ≤ M/M
⊙ ≤ 0.3 and with trigonometric distances placing them within 15 pc (π
trig ≥ 66.67 mas) from which we have created a sample of 413 M dwarfs for spectroscopic study. We present the mass function for these 512 M dwarfs, which increases with decreasing stellar mass in linear mass space, but is flat in logarithmic mass space. As part of this sample, we present new V
J
R
KC
I
KC photometry for 17 targets, measured as a result of the RECONS group’s long-term work at the CTIO/SMARTS 0.9 m telescope. We also note the details of targets that are known to be members of multiple systems and find a preliminary multiplicity rate of 21% ± 2% for the primary M dwarfs in our sample when considering known stellar and brown dwarf companions at all separations from their primaries. We further find that 43 ± 2% of all M dwarfs with masses 0.1 ≤ M/M
⊙ ≤ 0.3 are found in multiple systems with primary stars of all masses within 15 pc.
TARDIS. II. Synergistic Density Reconstruction from Lyα Forest and Spectroscopic Galaxy Surveys with Applications to Protoclusters and the Cosmic Web
Authors: Horowitz Benjamin , Zhang Benjamin , Lee Khee-Gan , Kooistra Robin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, we expand upon the Tomographic Absorption Reconstruction and Density Inference Scheme (TARDIS) in order to include multiple tracers while reconstructing matter density fields at Cosmic Noon (z ∼ 2–3). In particular, we jointly reconstruct the underlying density field from simulated Lyα forest observations at z ∼ 2.5 and an overlapping galaxy survey. We find that these data are synergistic, with the Lyα forest providing reconstruction of low-density regions and galaxy surveys tracing the density peaks. We find a more accurate power spectra reconstruction going to higher scales when fitting these two data sets simultaneously than when using either one individually. When applied to cosmic web analysis, we find that performing the joint analysis is equivalent to an Lyα survey with significantly increased sight-line spacing. Because we reconstruct the velocity field and matter field jointly, we demonstrate the ability to evolve the mock observed volume further to z = 0, allowing us to create a rigorous definition of a “protocluster” as regions that will evolve into clusters. We apply our reconstructions to study protocluster structure and evolution, finding for realistic survey parameters that we can provide accurate mass estimates of the z ≈ 2 structures and their z = 0 fate.
Magnetic Helicity Signature and Its Role in Regulating Magnetic Energy Spectra and Proton Temperatures in the Solar Wind
Authors: Zhao G. Q. , Lin Y. , Wang X. Y. , Feng H. Q. , Wu D. J. , Li H. B. , Zhao A. , Liu Q. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In a previous paper, we found that perpendicular and parallel proton temperatures are clearly associated with the proton-scale turbulence in the solar wind, and magnetic helicity signature appears to be an important indicator in the association. Based on 15 yr of in situ measurements, the present paper further investigates the magnetic helicity of solar wind turbulence and its role in regulating magnetic energy spectra and proton temperatures. Results show that the presence of the helicity signature is very common in solar wind turbulence at scales

, with k being the wavenumber and ρ

p
the proton gyroradius. The sign of the helicity is mostly positive, indicating the dominance of right-handed polarization of the turbulence. The helicity magnitude usually increases with k and

(the proton parallel beta) when

and

are less than unity. As helicity magnitude increases, the power index of the energy spectrum becomes more negative, and the proton temperatures

and

rise significantly, where

and

are the perpendicular and parallel temperatures with respect to the background magnetic field. In particular, the rise of

is faster than

when

is satisfied. The faster rise of

with the helicity magnitude may be interpreted as the result of the preferentially perpendicular heating of solar wind protons by kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence.
ALMA Observation of SO2 Gas Originating from Io’s Volcanic Plume and Lava Areas
Authors: Koga Ryoichi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Sakanoi Takeshi , Hirahara Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We detected the submillimeter spectrum of SO2 gas originating from volcanic plumes and lava areas in Jupiter’s moon Io by analyzing the ALMA archive data observed before and after ingress on 2018 March. As a result of synthesis imaging, high intensity regions of SO2 were found to be associated with the volcanically active areas around the Amaterasu Patera (305°W, 38°N) and around the Janus Patera (36°W, 4°S) and Kanehekili Fluctus (32°W, 17°S). By fitting the spectral lineshapes, the main and redshifted spectral components are identified around the Amaterasu Patera. The redshifted component can be attributed as the emission from the plume gas moving away in the line of sight. The rotational temperature and column density of SO2 were derived by employing the population diagram plots with spectral line intensities. The column densities of SO2 before ingress are (2.2 ± 1.1) × 1015 cm−2 around the Amaterasu Patera and (2.2 ± 1.1) × 1015 cm−2 around the Janus Patera. After ingress, the column densities are (1.8 ± 1.2) × 1015 cm−2 and (2.1 ± 0.1) × 1015 cm−2, respectively. This suggests that volcanic eruptions maintain the atmospheres in these regions during eclipse. The temperature around the Amaterasu Patera of 95 ± 28 K before ingress is similar to the temperature of 108 ± 48 K after ingress. On the other hand, the temperature around the Janus Patera increases from 151 ± 70 K before ingress to 311 ± 41 K after ingress. The result suggests that the atmospheric SO2 around the Janus Patera after ingress may be supplied by evaporation from the lava areas.
Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sorour Ahmed A. , Kurmann Reto D. , Shahin Youssef E. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Achenbach Sara J. , Mankad Rekha , Myasoedova Elena 
Published: January 2021

Objective.To examine the relationship between the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and risk of developing heart failure (HF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.In this nested case-control study, cases were Olmsted County, Minnesota residents with incident RA (based on 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria) from 1980 to 2013 who developed HF after RA incidence. Each case was matched on year of birth, sex, and year of RA incidence with an RA control who did not develop HF. Data on HCQ use including start and stop dates, as well as dose changes, were reviewed and used to calculate HCQ duration and cumulative dose. Age-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the association between HCQ and HF.Results.The study identified 143 RA cases diagnosed with HF (mean age 65.8 yrs, 62% females) and 143 non-HF RA controls (mean age 64.5, 62% female). HCQ cumulative dose was not associated with HF (OR 0.96 per 100-g increase in cumulative dose, 95% CI 0.90–1.03). Likewise, no association was found for patients with a cumulative dose ≥ 300 g (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.41–2.08). The HCQ duration of intake in years prior to index was not associated with HF (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91–1.05).Conclusion.Use of HCQ was not associated with development of HF in patients with RA in this study. Further studies are needed to understand the effect of higher doses of HCQ on the development of HF in RA.
Le mobilier Boulle : étude de l’altération du laiton et de l’étain des marqueteries
Authors: Leroux Manuel , Bertholon Régis 
Published: January 2021

L’étude de l’altération des marqueteries métalliques du mobilier Boulle a été menée en 2010 au C2RMF, préalablement à la restauration de trois meubles du musée du Louvre. Elle a permis de préciser les types d’altération des éléments en laiton et en étain en fonction de leur composition, de leur corrosion, des contraintes mécaniques et des restaurations antérieures. Le ternissement du laiton est le résultat des processus d’oxydation (cuprite) et de dézincification (zincite, couche de cuivre métallique), avec souvent présence d’atacamite. Le ternissement de l’étain correspond à la présence de cassitérite (SnO2). L’étain Boulle est un alliage spécifique étain-plomb-mercure utilisé pour l’obtention d’un effet miroir. L’ajout du mercure rend l’étain plus dur mais plus fragile ; le phénomène de craquelure qui en résulte est également décrit dans cet article.
Risk Factors for Acute Otitis Media in Primary School Children: A Case-Control Study in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanti Siwi Pramatama Mars , Wahyono Daniel Joko , Rejeki Dwi Sarwani Sri , Octaviana Devi , Mumpuni Aris , Darmawan Anton Budhi , Kusdaryanto Wahyu Dwi , Nawangtantri Gita , Safari Dodi 
Published: January 2021

Background Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common disease in young children requiring antibiotic treatment. Information on AOM-related determinant risk factors in primary school children is still limited, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to identify risk factors related to AOM in primary school children in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Design and methods This is an analytical study with a casecontrol design in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. 3574 children from 6 regions of the Banyumas Regency were recruited for the screening of AOM detection, and confirmation of AOM diagnosis was determined by Otolaryngologist. One hundred and twentyfive cases and 125 control were involved in this study. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire focusing on several variables such as household cooking fuel, house environment, smoking exposure, knowledge of parents, and nutrition status. Univariate, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate with regression logistic was conducted for data analysis. Results This study highlights the risk of household firewood use (p=0.003), poor nutritional status (p=0.009), and a family history of ear infections (p=0.015) with an increased risk of otitis media. Conclusions Household firewood use, poor nutritional status and family history of ear infection are factors associated with the occurrence of acute otitis media. It is necessary to provide public health education to prevent exposure to fuel at risk for children and to improve their nutritional status.
Knowledge scores in annual and modular curriculum among medical students from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Saher Naseeb Uneeb  , Saima Zainab  , Aneeta Khoso  , Abdul Basit  , Admin  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To compare the knowledge scores of basic medical subjects among undergraduate medical students of annual versus modular system.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 4th year undergraduate medical students of annual and modular system of Liaquat National Medical College, Pakistan. Study was conducted from 30th November 2017 to 1st June 2018 for a total of 6 months. Sample size was calculated to be 82 students. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The student’s t-test was applied to compare the mean difference of knowledge scores between the two groups.
Results: Students in modular system retained better knowledge of anatomy as compared to annual students. While the annual system students retained higher knowledge in the subjects of community medicine and pharmacology. Mean knowledge score for annual was 12.98 (SD±2.92) and semester system students was 13.10 (SD±3.03). There was no significant difference observed in overall mean knowledge scores between the two groups (p-value = 0.85).
Conclusion: Students in the annual system scored higher in pharmacology and community medicine. This highlights the need to address the issues of time allocation and implementation strategies for the subjects in the new system. There was no difference between overall knowledge scores in each group, hence it cannot be concluded that one system is superior to the other.
Keywords: Knowledge retention, annual system, modular system, basic science, knowledge scores. Continuous...
Global Surge in Intimate Partner Violence after Mandatory Lockdown: Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Butool Hisam  , Mohammad Nadir Haider  , Ghazala Saleem  , Admin  
Published: January 2021

We are observing with great concern the global spread of the COVID19 Pandemic. What is equally alarming is a less visible, albeit serious Public health issue; one that the United Nations has dubbed as the ‘Shadow Pandemic’ [1]. This is none other than the globally prevalent issue of violence against women, particularly Intimate Partner Violence.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a serious, possibly preventable public health problem globally. Pakistan ranks among the countries with the highest IPV rates [2]. On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the highly infectious and lethal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic [3]. Drastic measures were enforced universally to curb the spread of COVID-19. Countries issued strict nationwide lockdowns to isolate the population and implemented social distancing. The economy was impacted tremendously, and many people experienced financial and emotional hardship during this mandatory confinement. While everyone was affected, one population was in a far worse situation than others. Survivors of IPV were trapped alongside their perpetrators and faced difficulty/less freedom to escape threatening situations compared to the past.
It is not surprising given that historical periods of uncertainty such as war or economic crisis have resulted in increased interpersonal violence, including violence against women [4]. The Hubei province of China, the first region to undergo a lockdown, saw nearly a doubling of their rates of IPV with the start of COVID19 Pandemic. Similarly, tragic stories gained nationwide coverage in the United States. IPV may also have risen in Pakistan, even if it is not being covered as extensively.
During pandemics, fear causes us to minimize our personal needs and make sacrifices we would not normally make. This could be a reasonable approach for most but should not be for survivors of IPV. IPV survivors live in constant fear for themselves and their children; they are now devoid of their only means of mitigation; avoidance. Local woman’s support groups in Pakistan should act and spread awareness about this grim reality hiding underneath the Pandemic. Resources/funding should be made available for survivors to be able to reach out for support without having to leave the watchful eyes of their perpetrators. Public health officials ought to investigate and document the rise in IPV to help identify the leading causes of the increase. These steps will assist in developing crisis-specific guidelines to provide adequate resources for the future. Continuous....