bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical collections of vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula by three major collectors in the early 20th century: U. J. Faurie, E. J. Taquet and E. H. Wilson
Authors: Chang Chin-Sung , Kwon Shin Young , Kim Hui 
Published: June 2021

The digitisation of historical collections aims to increase global access to scientific artifacts, especially those from currently inaccessible areas. Historical collections from North Korea deposited at foreign herbaria play a fundamental role in biodiversity transformation patterns. However, the biodiversity pattern distribution in this region remains poorly understood given the severe gaps in available geographic species distribution records. Access to a dominant proportion of primary biodiversity data remains difficult for the broader scientific and environmental community. The digitisation of foreign collectors’ botanical collections of around 60,000 specimens from the Korean Peninsula before World War II is ongoing. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by developing the first comprehensive, open-access database of biodiversity records for the Korean Peninsula. This paper provides a quantitative and general description of the specimens that Urbain Jean Faurie, Emile Joseph Taquet and Ernest Henry Wilson have collected and are kept in several herbaria.
An open-access database of biodiversity records provides a simple guide to georeferencing historical collections. The first set describes E. H. Wilson’s collection of woody plants collected in the Korean Peninsula and preserved at the Harvard University Herbaria (A). This set includes 1,087 records collected from 1917 to 1918. The other collections contain specimens collected by E. J. Taquet (4,727 specimens from Quelpaert (Jeju), 1907–1914) and U. J. Faurie (3,659 specimens from North Korea and Quelpaert, 1901, 1906 and 1907). For each specimen, we recorded the species name, locality indication, collection date, collector, ecology and revision label. This set contains more than 9,400 specimens, with 22% of vascular plants from North Korea and 66% from Quelpaert (Jeju) Island. In these collections, we included some images that correspond to the specimens in this dataset.
Evaluation of calcium hydroxide incorporated with niobium pentoxide as a direct pulp capping agent – A preliminary ex vivo tooth culture model analysis
Authors: Kritika Selvakumar , Mahalaxmi Sekar 
Published: June 2021

Aims:
To assess the effect of addition of niobium pentoxide (NP) to calcium hydroxide (CH) when used as a pulp capping agent. The aim was to evaluate the material characteristics and hydration potential of CH incorporated with NP at 15 days in vitro followed by the evaluation of dentin bridge formation in an ex vivo tooth culture model.

Materials and Method:
Two groups, CH (Dycal) and NPCH (5wt% NP added to Dycal prior to mixing) were mixed and the set cement was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). NPCH was also used for direct pulp capping in two freshly extracted human mandibular third molars for dentin bridge evaluation. The teeth were incubated in Dulbecco modified eagle's medium for 15 days, following which the teeth were sectioned and analyzed for hard tissue formation under SEM.

Results:
SEM analysis of the modified material revealed interlacing network with stronger attachment of the agglomerated CH particles and reactionary by-products formed due to the interaction of CH and NP. EDS analysis showed presence of calcium and oxygen; with Group 2 showing additional presence of niobium and phosphate. XRD showed higher intensity peaks with NPCH than CH. The tooth culture model showed distinct hard tissue formation.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this preliminary study, it can be concluded that the incorporation of NP into CH is a viable alternative to CH for direct pulp capping procedures.
Biological activity and investigation of some active constituents with molecular docking from two Cleome species
Authors: Abdullah Wael , Elsayed Wael M. , Abdelshafeek Khaled A. , Nazif Naglaa M. , Ismail Nasser S.M. , Ismail Shams I. , Singab Abdel N.B. , Nada Somaia A. 
Published: June 2021

Objective

Cleome genus belonging to Cleomeaceae family is used as an antidiabetic agent in Egyptian folk medicine. The current study aimed to isolated and identify the active constitutes of two species, Cleome africana and Cleome droserifolia, and to study the biological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective.

Materials and methods
The lipid constituents of two plant species, C. africana and C. droserifolia, were extracted with petroleum ether and fractionated to acetone-insoluble fraction and acetone-soluble fraction. Molecular docking studies were carried out in isolated compounds. Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of the promising compounds were investigated.

Results and conclusion
The fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons were identified from the acetone-insoluble fraction. C. africana comprises four fatty alcohols, in which tetratetracontanol is the main one, whereas C. droserifolia consists of two fatty alcohols, in which dotriacontanol is the main one. The hydrocarbons include seven compounds, with tritriacontane as the main one in both species. The acetone-soluble fraction was saponified to afford the unsaponifiable fraction, which contains in C. africana a series of n-alkanes from n-C14 to n-C31, representing 93.66%, with n-C22 as the main one, in addition to a sterol fraction, forming 5.13%, in which β-sitosterol is the main compound, and the fraction of C. droserifolia was found to contain a series of n-alkanes from n-C18 to n-C30, representing 60.46%, in which n-C30 is the main compound, besides sterols, representing about 39.54%, with campesterol as a major compound (12.46%), and finally, a triterpene fraction consisting of α-amyrin and β-amyrin. In addition, fatty acids as a mixture of eight acids (saturated and unsaturated) were found in both species; the major two acids are linoleic acid (38.99%) and palmitic acid (33.05%). Extraction of the glucosinolate (GL) constituents from the methanolic extract of C. africana led to isolation and identification of one compound (G), identified as 3-ethylsulfonyl-2,3-dimethoxypropyl GLs. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the total GLs allowed us to identify eight isothiocyanate and two thione compounds. Molecular docking of compound G with glucosidase enzyme using C-DOCKER protocol resulted in having higher docking scores relative to the lead molecule and the ligand (Glimepiride). Accordingly, molecular docking studies proved that the molecule of G compound has a promising active hits and can be used as antidiabetic through glucosidase inhibitor and also different extracts exhibited an anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity.
Comparative study of coliform contamination of public boreholes and pipe borne water systems in Bosso Town, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Oyedum U.M. , Adabara N.U. , Kuta F.A. 
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to determine the coliform contamination of public boreholes and pipe borne water supplies within Bosso town. Twenty (20) water samples comprising of 10 each of borehole and pipe borne samples were aseptically collected from Bosso Town and analyzed using membrane filtration technique. The results obtained revealed that most (60.0%) of the water samples from the borehole sources except the samples from Rafin-Yashi, Maikunkele, Federal University of Technology (F.U.T) Minna, Tudun Fulani, contained coliform counts within 10cfu/100ml while all (100.0%) of the pipe borne water samples had coliform counts above 10cfu/100ml. The organisms isolated included species of Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Clostridium, Bacillus, Yersinia and Serratia. E.coli had the highest frequency of occurrence (20%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.7%), Salmonella spp (11.7%), Shigella spp (11.7%), Clostridium spp (8.3), Streptococcus faecalis (8.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.7%), Bacillus subtilis (6.7%), Streptococcus pyrogenes (5%), Klebsiella spp (3.3%), Proteus vulgaris (3.3%), Yersinia spp (1.7%) and Serratia spp (1.7%). This study revealed that pipe borne water and borehole water samples were contaminated in Bosso, with greater contamination observed with pipe borne water. This highlights the need for continuous assessment of the quality of public water supply and intervention measures to prevent outbreak of water-borne diseases in the area.Keywords: Water; Boreholes; Pipe borne; Coliforms; Water-borne disease
Seedling growth of Adenanthera pavonina L. in polluted soils of Karachi railway track
Authors: Farooqi Zia-Ur-Rehman , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar , Kabir Muhammad , Shafiq Muhammad , Athar Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

The seedling growth performance of Adenanthera pavonina L. in polluted soils of different railway tracks viz. Karachi Cantt. Station, Malir Halt, Malir 15, Landhi Junction and University Campus (control) was studied under in pots under natural field conditions. The results showed that the root, shoot and seedling size, number of leaves, plant cover, leaf weight ratio of A. pavonina seedlings were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in Karachi Cantt. Station soil as compared to University Campus soil. Similarly, shoot, root and seedling size, plant cover, seedling dry weight of A. pavonina were significantly (p<0.05) increased in soils of Landhi Junction as compared to soil of University Campus. A better seedling growth of A. pavonina was also found in soil of Malir 15 followed by Malir Halt. A significant variation in the the physico-chemical characteristics of the railway tract soil sample was observed. The soil of Malir Halt, Malir 15 and Landhi Junction railway tracks was sandy clay loam while the Karachi Cantt. Station and University Campus had clay loam textured soil. A significant variation in chemical characteristics of railway track soil such as maximum water holding capacity, bulk density, chloride contents, available sulfur, and exchangeable sodium as compared to University Campus soil observed. Whereas, porosity, calcium carbonate, organic matter, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts and exchangeable potassium were low in railway tracks soil. The present study demonstrated that the growth of A. pavonina was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in Karachi Cantt. Station soil as compared to soils of other sites.Keywords: Adenanthera pavonina, railway track, pollution, seedling growth, soil
Antinociceptive effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Aqueous Extracts in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats)
Authors: Zitte LF , Konya RS 
Published: June 2021

Antinociceptive is reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli for the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive potentials of graded doses of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) aqueous extract in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats) and its chemical pattern by comparing it with a standard drug and a control using the hot water based flick tail test. Thirty five adult rats of both sexes were used for the experiment which, were divided into five groups of seven rats per group. Group one was used as the control (with 1ml normal saline), while groups two, three and four were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extracts and group five treated with 15 mg/kg Aspirin (a standard drug) as positive control. Hot water at 550C was used to determine the nociceptive responses of the animals to detect anti-nociceptive effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts as compared to the control in hot water inflicted pain. The results suggested that Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extract exhibits antinociceptive properties against thermal stimulus at 550C. The diversity of individual animals’ pain tolerance threshold when immersed in hot water was also observed during the experiment. However, the extract indicated a high degree of anti-nociceptive effect at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post treatment period, with a progressively longer threshold time for pain sensitivity. It was also found that at 90 minute period, the control portrayed a relatively short response time.KEY WORDS: Anti-nociceptive, threshold pain, Pleurotus ostreatus, hot water test flick tail.
Optical Recognition Assisted Transcription with Transkribus: The Experiment concerning Eugène Wilhelm's Personal Diary (1885-1951)
Authors: Schlagdenhauffen Régis 
Published: June 2021

This article proposes use the Transkribus software to report on a "user experiment" in a French-speaking context. It is based on the semi-automated transcription project using the diary of the jurist Eugène Wilhelm (1866-1951). This diary presents two main challenges. The first is related to the time covered by the writing process-66 years. This leads to variations in the form of the writing, which becomes increasingly "unreadable" with time. The second challenge is related to the concomitant use of two alphabets: Roman for everyday text and Greek for private issues. After presenting the project and the specificities related to the use of the tool, the experiment presented in this contribution is structured around two aspects. Firstly, I will summarise the main obstacles encountered and the solutions provided to overcome them. Secondly, I will come back to the collaborative transcription experiment carried out with students in the classroom, presenting the difficulties observed and the solutions found to overcome them. In conclusion, I will propose an assessment of the use of this Human Text Recognition software in a French-speaking context and in a teaching situation.
Cet article propose de restituer une « expérience utilisateur » du logiciel Transkribus en contexte francophone. Il s’appuie sur le projet de transcription semi-automatisée du journal intime du juriste Eugène Wilhelm (1866-1951). Ce journal comporte deux défis principaux : le premier est lié à la durée de la rédaction, 66 années, qui engendre des variations dans la forme de l’écriture, cette dernière devenant de plus en plus « illisible » le temps passant. Le second défi est lié à l’emploi concomitant de deux alphabets ; romain pour tout ce qui relève du quotidien et grec pour le for privé.L’expérience utilisateur restituée dans cette contribution s’articule autour de deux aspects. Dans un premier temps, après avoir présenté le projet et les spécificités liées à l’usage de l’outil, les principaux obstacles rencontrés et les solutions apportées pour y remédier seront synthétisés. Puis, je reviendrai sur l’expérience collaborative de transcription conduite avec des étudiants en salle de cours en présentant les difficultés observées et les solutions trouvées pour y remédier. En conclusion, je proposerai un bilan relatif à l’utilisation de ce logiciel d’HTR (Human Text Recognition) en contexte francophone et en situation d’enseignement
Icelandic community pharmacists' and pharmacy students' expectations of future role extensions and education requirements: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Weidmann Anita Elaine , Guðbjörnsdóttir Unnur Karen , Gunnarsdóttir Anna Ingibjörg , Gunnarsson Pétur , Jónsdóttir Freyja 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To explore the expectations of Icelandic community pharmacists and final year pharmacy students on future role extensions and associated education needs.
Methods: All community pharmacists across Iceland registered with the Pharmaceutical Society of Iceland (LFI) (n=136) and all fourth- and fifth-year pharmacy students enrolled at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Iceland (n=69). An online cross-sectional questionnaire was designed, validated, piloted and analysed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and content analysis.
Results: The response rate was 27.9% (n=38) for community pharmacists and 33.3% (n=23) for fourth- and fifth-year pharmacy students respectively. Of these, 90.2% (n=55) saw the need for community pharmacists’ role extensions and most (n=60, 98.4%) were willing to accept additional education to make role extensions in Iceland possible. Logistic regression identified that students identified the need for pharmacists to be making prescribing recommendations to medical healthcare professionals (p=0.023); for example “Pharmacists should use their knowledge to give advice and collaborate with physicians and other healthcare professionals about drug therapies”.
Conclusion: Both community pharmacists and pharmacy students showed a strong willingness to extend their roles in the future. It will require government support to overcome perceived barriers and to develop further education programmes.
Radiotherapy Induced Middle Ear Morbidities in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Chakraborty Adity , Bhattacharjee Abhinandan , Purakaystha Arnab , Rathor Aakanksha , Mazumdar Ridip 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Although post radiotherapy (RT) otological complications are complex and common, there is lack of data on its severity and spectrum. We intend to assess the incidence and severity of such ototoxicities in head neck cancer (HNCA) patients.
Materials and Methods
One year prospective study was conducted on thirty cases of HNCA receiving radiotherapy. Audiometry and tympanometry changes were noted and severity is assessed using Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) -v2.0 of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Fisher's Exact Test with two-sided p value was used for comparison of the tympanometric changes.
Results
The mean age was 55.4 years. The commonest site of HNCA was oral cavity (30%) with 46.6 % in stage II. 40% of cases were in grade II, followed by 27% cases in Grade III. The commonest complaint was pain (86.6%), hearing loss (80%) and 40% post-RT cases reporting Type B curve (relative risk 0.67).
Conclusion
Post-irradiation pain and OME are a major concern in HNCA patients having grade II (NCI-CTC). Early detection and prophylactic measures will improve the quality of life in such group of patients. This result validates the need for formulating otological diagnostic strategy & therapeutic measures in patients receiving RT to mitigate post-irradiation ototoxicities.
Study On Shamanism in Primitive Community Trust
Authors: Darmaiza Darmaiza 
Published: June 2021

Shamanism is an idea which is improving in the primitive society, in which is having more in any animistic activity, to relate any living activity which is called “Shaman” is connect believe the spirit life which the human living now. The appearance of “Shaman” in the now living becomes an introducer for people to, tell any difficult inner livings, in the privates or society ones the most in portent for a Shaman which has ability to pray to god with any kinds of aims so that it appears any talks between the deal human with the living ones.
MOVIMENTOS SOCIOTERRITORIAIS NA LUTA CONTRA ESTRANGEIRIZAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO: O CASO DA LIGA NACIONAL DE CARPEROS NO PARAGUAI / Socio-territorial movements in the struggle against foreignization of the territory: the case of the Liga Nacional de Carperos in Paraguay / Movimientos socioterritoriales en la lucha contra la extranjerización del territorio: el caso de la Liga Nacional de Carperos en Paraguay
Authors: Izá Pereira Lorena 
Published: June 2021

A estrangeirização corresponde ao controle do território, entendido na sua multidimensionalidade e multiescalaridade, pelo capital estrangeiro. Na América Latina o processo é histórico, bem como as resistências ao mesmo. O Paraguai, desde 1870, corresponde a um território formado para atender as necessidades de expansão do capital regional e, atualmente, estima-se que 35% do seu território esteja em posse de estrangeiros. Neste sentido, no Paraguai a luta pelo território é uma luta contra a estrangeirização. Este artigo tem como objetivo debater acerca de movimentos socioterritoriais considerados soberanistas, isto é, movimentos que atuam na luta contra a entrada do capital estrangeiro no território. Utilizamos como estudo de caso a Liga Nacional de Carperos (LNC), movimento criado em 2010 no Paraguai com o objetivo de recuperar a soberania. A LNC tem realizado importantes ações, atraindo a atenção não apenas nacional, mas também em âmbito internacional, visto que ocupa terras pertencentes a agentes estrangeiros. Assim, a LNC representa a recriação da luta pelo território no Paraguai.Como citar este artigo: PEREIRA, Lorena Izá. Movimentos socioterritoriais na luta contra a estrangeirização do território: o caso da Liga Nacional de Carperos no Paraguai. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 57, p. 79-103, Dossiê I ELAMSS, 2021.
Investigation of Common Bacterial Pathogens Leading to Urinary Tract Infections Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Authors:   , Nakkungu Jackline 
Published: June 2021

Background: The risk of diabetic patients acquiring UTIs is higher than that of their non-diabetic counterparts. This is due to the damage on the urinary bladder nerves caused by high blood glucose levels. This nerve damage reduces the ability of the urinary bladder to sense the presence of urine in it. As a result, urine stays for a long time in the bladder, increasing the growth of the bacteria in urine. UTI’s may lead to emphysematous pyelonephritis, cystitis in females, renal and perirenal abscess, papillary necrosis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and fungal infections. There is limited knowledge about the bacteria affecting diabetic patients in Uganda. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study, 76 diabetic patients at Our Lady of Consolata Kisubi Hospital had their urine samples collected and analyzed for the presence of uro-bacterial pathogens in the microbiology laboratory at the University of Kisubi. Patients were instructed on how to collect midstream urine, which were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. The bacteria were identified according to colony size, shape, and hemolysis. Several biochemical tests were used to confirm the presence of the different bacteria strains from the individual subcultured colonies Results Escherichia coli was the most predominant bacterium associated with UTIs in diabetes mellitus with an abundance of 42.3 %. This was followed by Klebsiella species with 21.1%, Staphylococcus aureus with 14.1%, Streptococcus species at 11.76%, Proteus species at 5.8%, Enterococcus faecalis at 3.5%, and Serratia marcescens with 1.17%. Female diabetic patients were found to be more infected with uropathogenic than their male diabetic counterparts. Conclusion and recommendations: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus species, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus faecalis were identified to be commonly found in the urine of patients with diabetes mellitus. More screening and early management of such infections are needed in Sub-Saharan Africa.