bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolating the Contributions of Seasonal Climate Warming to Permafrost Thermal Responses Over the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Guofei , Nan Zhuotong , Yin Ziyun , Zhao Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate warming is thermally degrading permafrost. The climate warming over the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) is characterized by obvious seasonality and stronger winter warming in comparison with summer warming in 2000s. The contributions of seasonal climate warming to permafrost thermal responses remain unknown. Here, we isolated the seasonal warming contributions to permafrost thermal regimes through contrasting a series of specially designed numerical experiments that were composed of decadal seasonal data segments. The results reveal that permafrost thermal regime is highly sensitive to winter temperature change. Permafrost in the Three River Source region and on the Qiangtang High Plateau has undergone remarkable thermal degradation in the 2000s due to winter warming. It was estimated that each degree of rising in air temperature in summer could lead to an average increase of 0.35 m in the active layer thickness (ALT) and of 0.20°C in the mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), while for 1° winter warming, the active layer thickens by 0.16 m and the MAGT increases by 0.13°C. However, the overall impacts of winter warming have exceeded summer warming in 2000s due to a triple warming rate in winter than that in summer in this period.
The IL-6R and Bmi-1 axis controls self-renewal and chemoresistance of head and neck cancer stem cells
Authors: Herzog Alexandra E. , Warner Kristy A. , Zhang Zhaocheng , Bellile Emily , Bhagat Meera A. , Castilho Rogerio M. , Wolf Gregory T. , Polverini Peter J. , Pearson Alexander T. , Nör Jacques E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite major progress in elucidating the pathobiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the high frequency of disease relapse correlates with unacceptably deficient patient survival. We previously showed that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) drive tumorigenesis and progression of HNSCC. Although CSCs constitute only 2–5% of total tumor cells, CSCs contribute to tumor progression by virtue of their high tumorigenic potential and their resistance to chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. Not only are CSCs resistant to therapy, but cytotoxic agents actually enhance cancer stemness by activating transcription of pluripotency factors and by inducing expression of Bmi-1, a master regulator of stem cell self-renewal. We hypothesized therapeutic inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) suppresses Bmi-1 to overcome intrinsic chemoresistance of CSCs. We observed that high Bmi-1 expression correlates with decreased (p = 0.04) recurrence-free survival time in HNSCC patients (n = 216). Blockade of IL-6R by lentiviral knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition with a humanized monoclonal antibody (Tocilizumab) is sufficient to inhibit Bmi-1 expression, secondary sphere formation, and to decrease the CSC fraction even in Cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells. IL-6R inhibition with Tocilizumab abrogates Cisplatin-mediated increase in CSC fraction and induction of Bmi-1 in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of HNSCC. Notably, Tocilizumab inhibits Bmi-1 and suppresses growth of xenograft tumors generated with Cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells. Altogether, these studies demonstrate that therapeutic blockade of IL-6R suppresses Bmi-1 function and inhibits cancer stemness. These results suggest therapeutic inhibition of IL-6R might be a viable strategy to overcome the CSC-mediated chemoresistance typically observed in HNSCC patients.
Deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase suppressed chronic kidney disease-related vascular calcification by restoring Sirtuin 3 expression
Authors: He Wanbing , Huang Jieping , Liu Yang , Xie Changming , Zhang Kun , Zhu Xinhong , Chen Jie , Huang Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVascular calcification is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) without any effective therapies available up to date. The expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is different in patients with and without vascular calcification. The present study investigates the role of sEH as a potential mediator of vascular calcification in CKD. Both Ephx2−/− and wild-type (WT) mice fed with high adenine and phosphate (AP) diet were used to explore the vascular calcification in CKD. Compared with WT, deletion of sEH inhibited vascular calcification induced by AP. sEH deletion also abolished high phosphorus (Pi)-induced phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) independent of its epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) hydrolysis. Further gene expression analysis identified the potential role of Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) in the sEH-regulated VSMC calcification. Under high Pi treatment, sEH interacted with Sirt3, which might destabilize Sirt3 and accelerate the degradation of Sirt3. Deletion of sEH may preserve the expression of Sirt3, and thus maintain the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and morphology, significantly suppressing VSMC calcification. Our data supported that sEH deletion inhibited vascular calcification and indicated a promising target of sEH inhibition in vascular calcification prevention.
Genotypic spectrum and phenotype correlations of EYS-associated disease in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Gao Feng-Juan , Wang Dan-Dan , Hu Fang-Yuan , Xu Ping , Chang Qing , Li Jian-Kang , Liu Wei , Zhang Sheng-Hai , Xu Ge-Zhi , Wu Ji-Hong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
To date, certain efforts have been made to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with EYS mutations. However, data for Chinese patients are limited.

Objectives
To perform a detailed phenotyping and genetic characterization of 55 Chinese patients with EYS-RD, and to identify risk factors for these clinical data.

Methods
A total of 55 patients with EYS-RD were recruited. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), patient age, age at symptom onset, disease duration, and genetic information were collected.

Results
Thirty-six novel variants, three hot mutations of EYS (30.3%, c.6416G>A, c.6557G>A, c.7492G>C) and one hot region (49.06%, Laminin G domains) were identified. In all, 36.84% of the mutations occurred at base G site, and majority of mutations (56.56%) were missense. Late-truncating mutations are significantly more prevalent (41.30%). The mean age of onset was 15.65 ± 14.67 years old; it had no significant correlation with genotype. The average BCVA was 0.73 ± 0.93 LogMAR, and 61.8% of eyes had a BCVA better than 0.52 logMAR. BCVA was positively correlated with disease duration time. The mean MD was 23.18 ± 7.34 dB, MD showed a significant correlation with genotype and age. Cataract was present in 56.45% of patients, and 42.59% of patients showed an absence of pigmentation in the retina. Cataract and hyperpigmentation both showed a significant correlation with age.

Conclusions
EYS-RD is associated with a moderate phenotype with onset around adolescence, but great variability. Our study largely enhances the current knowledge of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of EYS-RD, which could pave the way for better management of these patients.
S100A1 is Involved in Myocardial Injury Induced by Exhaustive
Exercise
Authors: Yang Miaomiao , Xiao Zhigang , Chen Zhaoli , Ru Yongxin , Wang Jun , Jiang Jianhua , Wang Xinxing , Wang Tianhui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany studies have confirmed that exhaustive exercise has adverse effects on the
heart by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). S100A1 calcium-binding
protein A1 (S100A1) is a regulator of myocardial contractility and a protector
against myocardial injury. However, few studies have investigated the role of
S100A1 in the regulation of myocardial injury induced by exhaustive exercise. In
the present study, we suggested that exhaustive exercise led to increased ROS,
downregulation of S100a1, and myocardial injury. Downregulation of S100a1
promoted exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury and overexpression of
S100A1 reversed oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury, indicating S100A1
is a protective factor against myocardial injury caused by exhaustive exercise.
We also found that downregulation of S100A1 promoted damage to critical proteins
of the mitochondria by inhibiting the expression of Ant1, Pgc1a, and Tfam under
exhaustive exercise. Our study indicated S100A1 as a potential prognostic
biomarker or therapeutic target to improve the myocardial damage induced by
exhaustive exercise and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms
underlying the myocardial injury effect of exhaustive exercise.
Thresholds of Basal- and Calcium-Stimulated Calcitonin for Diagnosis
of Thyroid Malignancy
Authors: Băetu Mara , Olariu Cristina Alexandra , Stancu Cristina , Caragheorgheopol Andra , Ioachim Dumitru , Moldoveanu Gabriel , Corneci Cristina , Badiu Corin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince medullary thyroid carcinoma is an aggressive cancer, it is important to
have an early detection based on stimulated calcitonin (CT), especially when
basal-CT is slightly elevated. The objective of this work was to set specific
thresholds for basal-CT- and calcium-stimulated calcitonin for prediction of
thyroid malignancy in female population. The study included 2 groups: group
A-women with elevated basal-CT (>9.82 pg/ml) and group
B-women with normal basal-CT (control group). After calcium stimulation test
precise protocol, histopathological reports of those that required surgery were
correlated with both basal and stimulated calcitonin. The best basal and
stimulated calcitonin cut-offs for distinguishing female patients with medullary
thyroid carcinoma or C-Cell-hyperplasia from other pathologies or normal cases
were: 12.9 pg/ml, respectively 285.25 pg/ml. For
basal-CT above 30 pg/ml, malignancy was diagnosed in 9/9
patients (100%): 9 MTC. For stimulated calcitonin above
300 pg/ml, malignancy was diagnosed in 17/21 patients
(80.95%): 12 MTC and 5 papillary thyroid carcinomas. The smallest nodule
that proved to be medullary thyroid carcinoma had only
0.56/0.34/0.44 cm on ultrasound, with no other
sonographic suspicious criteria. In conclusion, we have identified in Romanian
female population basal and stimulated calcitonin thresholds to discriminate
medullary thyroid carcinoma or C-Cell-hyperplasia from other cases. We recommend
thyroid surgery in all women with stimulated calcitonin above
285 pg/ml. Further studies on larger groups are necessary to
establish and confirm male and female cut-offs for early diagnosis of medullary
thyroid carcinoma, and interestingly, maybe for macro-papillary thyroid
carcinomas alike. The calcium administration has minimum side-effects, but
continuous cardiac monitoring is required.
An Oxidant- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles via UV Light Irradiation of 2,3-Diphenyl-1H-indoles
Authors: Zhang Zunting , Kang Yang , Hou Rong , Min Xiaoyan , Wang Tao , Liang Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn efficient methodology for the synthesis of dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles via annulation of 2,3-diphenyl-1H-indoles in EtOH under UV light irradiation (λ = 365 nm) along with hydrogen evolution is described. This method exhibits the advantages of mild reaction conditions, no requirement of any oxidants and catalysts, and release of hydrogen as the only byproduct. Notably, the mechanism investigation confirms that the trans-4b,8a-dihydro-9H-dibenzo[a,c]carbazole intermediate could convert into cis-4b,8a-dihydro-9H-dibenzo[a,c]carbazole, which relies on the nitrogen atom of the indole ring. This is followed by intramolecular dehydrogenation which yields the dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles.
Abdominal Radical Trachelectomy
Authors: Fujii Takuma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbdominal radical trachelectomy is a fertility-sparing surgery for early invasive cervical cancer. The surgical steps involved in abdominal radical trachelectomy are similar to those for radical hysterectomy prior to removal of the uterus. The difference is that in trachelectomy, the uterine corpus and infundibulopelvic ligament are conserved and the cervical remnant is connected to the vaginal wall. Surgeons should pay close attention to avoiding postsurgical complications such as infection and ileus, which might interfere with subsequent fertility treatments.
A New Insight in Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Potential Role of the Internal Jugular Veins
Authors: Scerrati Alba , De Bonis Pasquale , Zamboni Paolo , Dones Flavia , Fontanella Marco , Cenzato Marco , Visani Jacopo , Bianchi Federico , Zanin Luca , Cavallo Michele Alessandro , Sturiale Carmelo Lucio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Causes of the nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (na-SAH) are still debated. Many studies confirmed the possible involvement of the intracranial venous system, in particular variants of the basal vein of Rosenthal.
Study Object The aim of this study is to investigate the role of extracranial venous system, in particular the jugular drainage, in the na-SAH pathophysiology.
Materials and Methods This is a multicenter retrospective study including patients suffering from na-SAH who were radiologically screened to exclude vascular malformations. The course of the internal jugular veins was evaluated to reveal any stenosis (caliber reduction >80%). Particular attention was paid at the passage between the styloid process and the arch of C1 to detect possible compression. As a control group, we enrolled patients who underwent CT angiograms and/or cerebral DSAs in the past 2 years.
Results We included 194 patients. The na-SAH group consisted of 94 patients, whereas the control group consisted of 100 patients. Fifty patients of the control group underwent a CT angiography for an ischemic cerebrovascular disease or trauma and 50 patients for an SAH due to a ruptured aneurysm. A significant jugular stenosis was found in 49 (52.1%) patients in the na-SAH group and in 18 (18%) patients in the control group. At univariate and multivariate analysis, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions This is the first study investigating the correlation between jugular stenosis and the occurrence of na-SAH. The impaired venous outflow due to reduced venous caliber could result in an engorgement of the upstream intracranial veins with transient hypertensive phases facilitating ruptures. Further larger prospective studies are necessary to confirm these data.
Urinary Chloride Excretion Postcardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Patients—A Pilot Study
Authors: Fincher Sophie , Gibbons Kristen , Johnson Kerry , Trnka Peter , Mattke Adrian C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe renal chloride metabolism following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in pediatric patients. A prospective observational trial in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with 20 recruited patients younger than 2 years following CPB surgery was conducted. Urinary electrolytes, plasma urea, electrolytes, creatinine, and arterial blood gases were collected preoperatively, on admission to PICU and at standardized intervals thereafter. The urinary and plasma strong ion differences (SID) were calculated from these results at each time point. Fluid input and output and electrolyte and drug administration were also recorded. Median chloride administration was 67.7 mmol/kg over the first 24 hours. Urinary chloride (mmol/L; median interquartile range [IQR]) was 30 (19, 52) prior to surgery, 15 (15, 65) on admission, and remained below baseline until 24 hours. Plasma chloride (mmol/L; median [IQR]) was 105 (98, 107) prior to surgery and 101 (101, 106) on admission to PICU. It then increased from baseline, but remained within normal limits, for the remainder of the study. The urinary SID increased from 49.8 (19.1, 87.2) preoperatively to a maximum of 122.7 (92.5, 151.8) at 6 hours, and remained elevated until 48 hours. Plasma and urinary chloride concentrations were not associated with the development of acute kidney injury. Urinary chloride excretion is impaired after CPB. The urinary SID increase associated with the decrease in chloride excretion suggests impaired production and/or excretion of ammonium by the nephron following CPB, with gradual recovery postoperatively.
A Practical Guide to Managing Patients With Systemic Symptoms and Breast Implants
Authors: McGuire Patricia , Clauw Daniel J , Hammer Jason , Haws Melinda , Adams William P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Numerous studies have explored the possibility of an association between breast implants and systemic symptoms potentially linked to exposure to silicone. Some studies show no direct association whereas others provide insufficient scientific evidence to prove or disprove an association. Nonetheless, some patients with breast implants remain concerned about the possible role of their implants in systemic symptoms they may be experiencing. This paper provides a practical approach for plastic surgeons in managing patients with breast implants who present with systemic symptoms, including recommendations for patient counseling, clinical and laboratory assessment of symptoms, and/or referral. Integral components of patient counseling include listening attentively, providing unbiased information, and discussing the risks and benefits of options for evaluation and treatment. A thorough history and assessment of symptoms, including appropriate laboratory tests, may identify underlying conditions to expeditiously address patients’ health issues through a specialist referral. Diagnosing and treating disorders that are causing a patient’s symptoms, if unrelated to their implant, would avoid a potentially unnecessary surgery. Ultimately, better information is needed to reliably guide patients in an evidence-based fashion. Long-term follow-up of patients who are explanted to see what symptoms may or may not improve could be useful in educating patients. Control groups in studies prospectively following women with implants for development of systemic symptoms would also be useful because the symptoms reported are common in women without implants. Cases are presented to illustrate the recommendations for a practical approach toward management of women reporting systemic symptoms with breast implants.

Level of Evidence: 4
Expression of Exosome Biogenesis Genes Is Differentially Altered by Aging in the Mouse and in the Human Brain During Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lark Daniel S , LaRocca Thomas J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles like exosomes are secreted by numerous cell types in a variety of tissues. Exosomes have been implicated in both aging and age-related disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, how aging and AD affect exosome biogenesis within and across cell types is poorly understood. Moreover, cells acquire characteristics based on tissue niche, but the impact of tissue residence on cell type exosome biogenesis is unknown. We explored the Tabula Muris Senis, Mayo RNA-seq and Rush Religious Order Study/Memory and Aging Project data sets to characterize the cell and tissue-specific effects of aging and AD on genes involved in exosome biogenesis. Specifically, we examined the age-dependent expression (age coefficient) of genes involved in exosome biogenesis (22 genes), exosome cargo (3 genes), and senescence (5 genes). Of the 131 cell populations (cell type × tissue) studied, 95 had at least 1 exosome biogenesis gene affected by age. The most common gene/transcript increased by age was charged multivesicular body protein 2A (CHMP2A) (54 cell populations). The most common gene/transcript decreased by age was syndecan-binding protein (SDCBP) (58 cell populations). The senescence-associated genes cyclin-dependent kinase 1A (CDKN1A) and CDKN2A were not related to changes in CHMP2A and SDCBP and were altered by age in fewer cell populations. Finally, individuals with AD had decreased CHMP2A and increased SDCBP expression, opposite of what is observed during mouse aging in the absence of disease. These findings indicate that exosome biogenesis gene expression is modified by age in many cell populations mostly independent of senescence, and may be further altered in AD.
Study protocol for ELIXIR: an evaluation of learning and exposure to the undergraduate Interventional Radiology curriculum
Authors: Osman Filzah Hanis , Koe Jasmine Sze Ern , Lau Elisa S W , Nagaraj Dhikshitha , Ng Helen Hoi-Lam , Ng Alexander , Asif Aqua , Uberoi Raman , Chan Vinson Wai-Shun , Wah Tze Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite the initiation of a suggested undergraduate curriculum for Interventional Radiology (IR) by the British Society of Interventional Radiology, there is still a lack of exposure to IR amongst medical students and junior doctors. It is unclear how much of the proposed curriculum is implemented in the undergraduate curricula of the respective medical schools in the UK.

Methods and Materials
This is a cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the level of awareness of IR as a subspecialty amongst medical students in the UK. All final year students from the 34 UK medical universities that award primary medical qualifications are eligible for the study. A student representative from each university will be recruited through a social media drive to distribute a survey. The online questionnaire is divided into five different sections; (i) Particulars, (ii) Basic knowledge on IR, (iii) Medical School Curriculum and Exposure, (iv) Career Prospects and (v) Satisfaction with Medical School Curriculum, with the intent of gauging their exposure and understanding of IR throughout the years of medical school and assessing their perceptions of IR as a potential career choice.
Storytelling and Workplace Bullying as Deterrents to Evidence-Based Innovation in Teaching: Nurse Educators’ Lived Experiences
Authors: Dzurec Laura 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of academic context characteristics, especially bullying, on innovation in nursing education.

BACKGROUND
Rapid and extensive changes in health care have prompted recognition of a need for concomitant changes in nurse educators’ teaching practices. Nurse educator successes in meeting the demands of change, however, are challenged by constraints characterizing their academic practice settings.

METHOD
Narrative analysis structured the study.

RESULTS
The findings suggested that nurse educators’ shared stories directed pervasive and lasting beliefs that discouraged innovation, fostered uniformity of teaching practice, and urged acts of bullying.

CONCLUSION
Reflective teaching practice, open communication, and teaching innovation may be constrained by workplace storytelling and the bullying behaviors it engenders. Recognizing the impact of stories told in nursing education settings might contribute to strengthening the uptake of pedagogical research, supporting leadership for and innovation in nurse educators’ evidence-based teaching practices.
Comfort measures for peripheral I.V. catheter placement in children
Authors: Schott Christina , Brown Victoria , Vittone Sarah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
I.V. catheter placement is one of the most common causes of procedural pain in children. Interventions to address this pain are readily available but inconsistently used in practice. The focus of this article is to identify and encourage best practice for pain mitigation in peripheral I.V. catheter placement in children.