bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey Paper on Visibility Restoration of Underwater Optical Images and Enhancement Techniques
Authors: Saxena Khushboo , Gupta Yogesh Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the problem of underwater hazy image enhancement and restoration in this paper studied. Underwater image processing has several applications in the field of oceanic research work and scientific applications such as archaeology, geology, underwater environmental assessment, laying of long distance gas pipelines and communication links across the continents which demand geo-referential surveying of the oceanic bed and prospection of ancient shipwreck. There are many difficulties for undersea optical imaging. To submerging a camera in underwater enough space is required. The maneuvering of the camera with the help from remote place or in person at the site is likewise a complex task. However, the major challenge is imposed by underwater medium properties. Underwater haze image enhancement has gained widespread importance with the rapid development of modern imaging equipment. Though, the contrast enhancement of single underwater hazy image is a cumbersome task for scientific exploration and computational application. At extreme depth, because of attenuation in light propagation, the underwater images are susceptible to inferior visibility.
Survey on Smartphone Securities
Authors: Vaishnav Pragya , Kaushik Manju , Raja Linesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently Mobile data security has become a serious subject for everyone, who save their private and confidential data on mobile and perform financial transactions on the daily basis through their mobile. Mobile users are aware that their mobile data is no more secure after stealing their smartphone. 84% person wants advance mechanism for smartphone security so even after login the application, monitoring user can be possible throughout the session. Author conducted a survey on mobile security for 105 participants. This survey responses gave a clear out motive to do research on advance authentication method which is keystroke dynamics on smartphone.
Software Defined Networking: A review on Architecture, Security and Applications
Authors: Gaur Kuntal , Choudhary Pranjal , Yadav Priya , Jain Ayush , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThroughout the development of the network, the Software Defined Networking(SDN) paradigm introduced the transition of conventional networks by decoupling the forwarding hardware from the network’s control logic. The SDN architecture enables networks to track traffic actively and detect threats to promote network forensics, alteration of security policy, and insertion of security services. We discuss SDN-related technologies in this paper. In particular, we are attempting to cover the key components of SDN: architecture, security, and its implementations hoping that our efforts will help researchers set relevant and practical directions for future SDN research. In a nutshell, this paper highlights the current and future directions for secured SDN.This paper examines the architecture of SDN where we discuss the network-building methods that arise in the case of the network control being removed from the continuity with the purpose of planning. We further explore the need of guarding access, veracity, and confidentiality of the resources and data, coupled with the myriad security options available for SDN. Lastly, we discuss the diversity bestowed by SDN in different sectors.
Arbitrage-Type Trade Using Correlation Analysis
Authors: Dhyani Bijesh , Nigam Pushkar , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Abhishek , Venkatesan K , Ambeth Kumar V D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The prediction of the stock market was one of the greatest obstacles. Since there are many reserves whose values are extremely unpredictable, good returns from investment must be calculated and determined. We tried our best to address these challenges by picking an index (a collection of stocks in the same sector) and developed an arbitration style trading mechanism in which the leading stock of that index could be chosen by correlation analyzes and technical analyses. When people hear the trade in similarities, they will wonder of arbitration. And that’s why we’re dreaming about investing in arbitrage. Although this is not true: arbitrariness is when two entities that are similar or rather connected are out of whack. So, we will look at a stock and its index and they are not identical, so they’re never out of whack. There are rules to define the entries and exits in a chosen stock in the trading system. The additional advantage of this method is to forecast the movement of one stock using its relationship with another stock of the same index. Established method is split into two phases: stock correlation and technological analysis. Experiments between July 2017 and June 2020 indicate that the know-how could include an index and its entries and exits.
Second- and third-order optical susceptibilities across excitons states in 2D monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Lafeta Lucas , Corradi Aurea , Zhang Tianyi , Kahn Ethan , Bilgin Ismail , Carvalho Bruno R , Kar Swastik , Terrones Mauricio , Malard Leandro M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides have significant nonlinear optical effects. In this work we have used second-harmonic generation and the four-wave mixing spectroscopy in resonance with the excitons in MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 monolayers to characterize the nonlinear optical properties of these materials. We show that trions and excitons are responsible for enhancing the nonlinear optical response and determine the exciton and trion energies by comparing with the photoluminescence spectra. Moreover, we extract the second- and third-order optical sheet susceptibility (χ
(2) and χ
(3)) across exciton energies and compare with values found in the literature. We also demonstrate the ability to generate different nonlinear effects in a wide spectral range in the visible region for monolayer MoS2, opening the possibility of using two-dimensional materials for nonlinear optoelectronic and photonic applications.
Magnetic diagnostics for magnetohydrodynamic instability research and the detection of locked modes in J-TEXT
Authors: HAN Dongliang , SHEN Chengshuo , WANG Nengchao , LI Da , MAO Feiyue , REN Zhengkang , DING Yonghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities are widely observed during tokamak plasma operation. Magnetic diagnostics provide important information which supports the understanding and control of MHD instabilities. This paper presents the current status of the magnetic diagnostics dedicated to measuring MHD instabilities at the J-TEXT tokamak; the diagnostics consist of five Mirnov probe arrays for measuring high-frequency magnetic perturbations and two saddle-loop arrays for low-frequency magnetic perturbations, such as the locked mode. In recent years, several changes have been made to these arrays. The structure of the probes in the poloidal Mirnov arrays has been optimized to improve their mechanical strength, and the number of in-vessel saddle loops has also been improved to support better spatial resolution. Due to the installation of high-field-side (HFS) divertor targets in early 2019, some of the probes were removed, but an HFS Mirnov array was designed and installed behind the targets. Owing to its excellent toroidal symmetry, the HFS Mirnov array has, for the first time at J-TEXT, provided valuable new information about the locked mode and the quasi-static mode (QSM) in the HFS. Besides, various groups of magnetic diagnostics at different poloidal locations have been systematically used to measure the QSM, which confirmed the poloidal mode number m and the helical structure of the QSM. By including the HFS information, the 2/1 resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP)-induced locked mode was measured to have a poloidal mode number m of ∼2.
Intra-annual Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), Regal Fritillary (Lepidoptera: Heliconiinae), and Their Floral Resources in North Dakota, United States
Authors: Antonsen Adrienne K , Kral-O’Brien Katherine C , Hovick Torre J , Limb Ryan F , Geaumont Benjamin A , Harmon Jason P 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany butterflies in the United States, along with their nectar resources, are declining. Large-scale conservation planning can be challenging, however, when butterflies and their nectar sources exhibit disparate spatiotemporal dynamics. We initiated a multi-year survey on monarchs (Danaus plexippus), regal fritillaries (Speyeria idalia), and floral resources across North Dakota from 2017 to 2019 to understand resource use through space and time. We surveyed three sites in each county in North Dakota, twice a year for 3 yr, for a total of 954 site visits. Our objectives were to 1) identify important floral resources for monarchs and regal fritillaries, 2) determine intra-annual spatial and temporal distributions of the butterflies and their nectar sources, and 3) quantify how floral resources influenced butterfly abundance and interacted with spatiotemporal factors (latitude, longitude, and flight season). Milkweeds (Asclepias spp.), native thistles (Cirsium spp.), and blazing stars (Liatris spp.) were identified as particularly important nectar resources for monarchs and regal fritillaries; all plant and butterfly species exhibited unique spatiotemporal distributions. Monarch abundance at a site was positively related to the availability of flowering milkweeds, and regal fritillary abundance was positively related to the floral availability of native thistles and coneflowers (Echinacea spp.). These relationships were consistent across the spatial and temporal extent of our study, indicating that the butterfly–flower relationships we detected are maintained and relatively consistent across our study region and years. By accounting for spatiotemporal dynamics, we can help elucidate the persistence of butterfly-flower species interactions at large scales and inform conservation efforts for these threatened species.
Novel Assertions: A Reply to Mahon
Authors: Dixon Daisy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In a recent paper, James Edwin Mahon (2019) argues that literary artworks—novels in particular—never lie because they do not assert. In this discussion note, I reject Mahon’s conclusion that novels never lie. I argue that a central premiss in his argument—that novels do not contain assertions—is false. Mahon’s account underdetermines the content of literary works; novels have rich layers of content and can contain what I call ‘profound’ assertions, and ‘background’ assertions. I submit that Mahon therefore fails to establish that novels never lie.
Invited Commentary: Toward Better Bias Analysis
Authors: Gustafson Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this issue of the Journal, Lash et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(8):1604–1612) show how some previously published bias analyses could have been better. In investigation of one of their examples, we add some thoughts about routes to better bias analysis, particularly via exploration of a joint distribution of bias parameters and target parameters.
Invited Commentary: Dealing With the Inevitable Deficiencies of Bias Analysis—and All Analyses
Authors: Greenland Sander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLash et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(8):1604–1612) have presented detailed critiques of 3 bias analyses that they identify as “suboptimal.” This identification raises the question of what “optimal” means for bias analysis, because it is practically impossible to do statistically optimal analyses of typical population studies—with or without bias analysis. At best the analysis can only attempt to satisfy practice guidelines and account for available information both within and outside the study. One should not expect a full accounting for all sources of uncertainty; hence, interval estimates and distributions for causal effects should never be treated as valid uncertainty assessments—they are instead only example analyses that follow from collections of often questionable assumptions. These observations reinforce those of Lash et al. and point to the need for more development of methods for judging bias-parameter distributions and utilization of available information.
A Randomized Study to Assess the Effect of Including the Graduate Record Examinations Results on Reviewer Scores for Underrepresented Minorities
Authors: Dang Kristina V , Rerolle Francois , Ackley Sarah F , Irish Amanda M , Mehta Kala M , Bailey Inez , Fair Elizabeth , Miller Cecily , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Wong-Moy Eva , Glymour M Maria , Morris Meghan D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Whether requiring Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) results for doctoral applicants affects the diversity of admitted cohorts remains uncertain. This study randomized applications to 2 population-health doctoral programs at the University of California San Francisco to assess whether masking reviewers to applicant GRE results differentially affects reviewers’ scores for underrepresented minority (URM) applicants from 2018–2020. Applications with GRE results and those without were randomly assigned to reviewers to designate scores for each copy (1–10, 1 being best). URM was defined as self-identification as African American/Black, Filipino, Hmong, Vietnamese, Hispanic/Latinx, Native American/Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander. We used linear mixed models with random effects for the applicant and fixed effects for each reviewer to evaluate the effect of masking the GRE results on the overall application score and whether this effect differed by URM status. Reviewer scores did not significantly differ for unmasked versus masked applications among non-URM applicants (β = 0.15; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.33) or URM applicants (β = 0.02, 95% CI: −0.49, 0.54). We did not find evidence that removing GREs differentially affected URM compared with non-URM students (β for interaction = −0.13, 95% CI: −0.55, 0.29). Within these doctoral programs, results indicate that GRE scores neither harm nor help URM applicants.
Transcriptome differences between Cupriavidus necator NH9 grown with 3-chlorobenzoate and that grown with benzoate
Authors: Moriuchi Ryota , Dohra Hideo , Kanesaki Yu , Ogawa Naoto 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
RNA-seq analysis of Cupriavidus necator NH9, a 3-chlorobenzoate degradative bacterium, cultured with 3-chlorobenzaote and benzoate, revealed strong induction of genes encoding enzymes in degradation pathways of the respective compound, including the genes to convert 3-chlorobenzaote and benzoate to chlorocatechol and catechol, respectively, and the genes of chlorocatechol ortho-cleavage pathway for conversion to central metabolites. The genes encoding transporters, components of the stress response, flagellar proteins, and chemotaxis proteins showed altered expression patterns between 3-chlorobenzoate and benzoate. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that chemotaxis-related terms were significantly upregulated by benzoate compared with 3-chlorobenzoate. Consistent with this, in semisolid agar plate assays, NH9 cells showed stronger chemotaxis to benzoate than to 3-chlorobenzoate. These results, combined with the absence of genes related to uptake/chemotaxis for 3-chlorobenzoate located closely to the degradation genes of 3-chlorobenzoate, suggested that NH9 has not fully adapted to the utilization of chlorinated benzoate, unlike benzoate, in nature.
SSG-LUGIA: Single Sequence based Genome Level Unsupervised Genomic Island Prediction Algorithm
Authors: Ibtehaz Nabil , Ahmed Ishtiaque , Ahmed Md Sabbir , Rahman M Sohel , Azad Rajeev K , Bayzid Md Shamsuzzoha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Genomic Islands (GIs) are clusters of genes that are mobilized through horizontal gene transfer. GIs play a pivotal role in bacterial evolution as a mechanism of diversification and adaptation to different niches. Therefore, identification and characterization of GIs in bacterial genomes is important for understanding bacterial evolution. However, quantifying GIs is inherently difficult, and the existing methods suffer from low prediction accuracy and precision–recall trade-off. Moreover, several of them are supervised in nature, and thus, their applications to newly sequenced genomes are riddled with their dependency on the functional annotation of existing genomes.

Results
We present SSG-LUGIA, a completely automated and unsupervised approach for identifying GIs and horizontally transferred genes. SSG-LUGIA is a novel method based on unsupervised anomaly detection technique, accompanied by further refinement using cues from signal processing literature. SSG-LUGIA leverages the atypical compositional biases of the alien genes to localize GIs in prokaryotic genomes. SSG-LUGIA was assessed on a large benchmark dataset `IslandPick’ and on a set of 15 well-studied genomes in the literature and followed by a thorough analysis on the well-understood Salmonella typhi CT18 genome. Furthermore, the efficacy of SSG-LUGIA in identifying horizontally transferred genes was evaluated on two additional bacterial genomes, namely, those of Corynebacterium diphtheria NCTC13129 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa LESB58. SSG-LUGIA was examined on draft genomes and was demonstrated to be efficient as an ensemble method.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that SSG-LUGIA achieved superior performance in comparison to frequently used existing methods. Importantly, it yielded a better trade-off between precision and recall than the existing methods. Its nondependency on the functional annotation of genomes makes it suitable for analyzing newly sequenced, yet uncharacterized genomes. Thus, our study is a significant advance in identification of GIs and horizontally transferred genes. SSG-LUGIA is available as an open source software at https://nibtehaz.github.io/SSG-LUGIA/.
Burden of in-hospital care in oesophageal cancer: national population-based study
Authors: Linder G , Klevebro F , Edholm D , Johansson J , Lindblad M , Hedberg J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Oesophageal cancer management requires extensive in-hospital care. This cohort study aimed to quantify in-hospital care for patients with oesophageal cancer in relation to intended treatment, and to analyse factors associated with risk of spending a large proportion of survival time in hospital.

Methods
All patients with oesophageal cancer in three nationwide registers over a 10-year period were included. In-hospital care during the first year after diagnosis was evaluated, and the proportion of survival time spent in hospital, stratified by intended treatment (curative, palliative or best supportive care), was calculated. Associations between relevant factors and a greater proportion of survival time in hospital were analysed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results
In-hospital care was provided for a median of 39, 26, and 15 days in the first year after diagnosis of oesophageal cancer in curative, palliative, and best supportive care groups respectively. Patients receiving curatively intended treatment spent a median of 12 per cent of their survival time in hospital during the first year after diagnosis, whereas those receiving palliative or best supportive care spent 19 and 23 per cent respectively. Factors associated with more in-hospital care included older age, female sex, being unmarried, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusion
The burden of in-hospital care during the first year after diagnosis of oesophageal cancer was substantial. Important clinical and socioeconomic factors were identified that predisposed to a greater proportion of survival time spent in hospital.
Multispectral Palm Print and Palm Vein Acquisition Platform and Recognition Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Qiang , Qian Qing , Wang Jishuai , Pan Yujun , Yang Renbing , Cheng Wenbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Biometrics recognition takes advantage of feature extraction and pattern recognition to analyze the physical and behavioral characteristics of biological individuals to achieve the purpose of individual identification. As a typical biometric technology, palm print and palm vein have the characteristics of high recognition rate, stable features, easy location and good image quality, which have attracted the attention of researchers. This paper designs and develops a multispectral palm print and palm vein acquisition platform, which can quickly acquire palm spectrum and palm vein multispectral images with seven different wavelengths. We propose a multispectral palm print palmar vein recognition framework, and feature-level image fusion is performed after extracting features of palm print palmar vein images at different wavelengths. Through the multispectral palm print palm vein image fusion experiment, a more feasible multispectral palm print and palm vein image fusion scheme is proposed. Based on the results of image fusion, we further propose an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) for model training to achieve identity recognition based on multispectral palm print palm vein images. Finally, the effects of different CNN network structures and learning rates on the recognition results were analyzed and compared experimentally.
Results of the Seventh Scientific Workshop of ECCO: Precision Medicine in IBD—What, Why, and How
Authors: Fiocchi Claudio , Dragoni Gabriele , Iliopoulos Dimitrios , Katsanos Konstantinos , Ramirez Vicent Hernandez , Suzuki Kohei ,   Scientific Workshop Steering Committee, Verstockt Bram , Fiocchi Claudio , Torres Joana , Scharl Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many diseases that affect modern humans fall in the category of complex diseases, thus called because they result from a combination of multiple aetiological and pathogenic factors. Regardless of the organ or system affected, complex diseases present major challenges in diagnosis, classification, and management. Current forms of therapy are usually applied in an indiscriminate fashion based on clinical information, but even the most advanced drugs only benefit a limited number of patients and to a variable and unpredictable degree. This ‘one measure does not fit all’ situation has spurred the notion that therapy for complex disease should be tailored to individual patients or groups of patients, giving rise to the notion of ‘precision medicine’ [PM].
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a prototypical complex disease where the need for PM has become increasingly clear. This prompted the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation to focus the Seventh Scientific Workshop on this emerging theme. The articles in this special issue of the Journal address the various complementary aspects of PM in IBD, including what PM is; why it is needed and how it can be used; how PM can contribute to prediction and prevention of IBD; how IBD PM can aid in prognosis and improve response to therapy; and the challenges and future directions of PM in IBD.
This first article of this series is structured on three simple concepts [what, why, and how] and addresses the definition of PM, discusses the rationale for the need of PM in IBD, and outlines the methodology required to implement PM in IBD in a correct and clinically meaningful way.