bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipödem heute: Zwischen konservativer Therapie, Liposuktion und Adipositaschirurgie
Authors: Hesse U. , Hesse A. , Hesse L. , Schultz E. , Kaiser M. 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Prävalenz des Lipödems geht einher mit einer demografischen Zunahme der Adipositas per magna.Konservative und operative Maßnahmen ermöglichen eine ausgeprägte Befund- und Beschwerdebesserung.Die exakte Diagnose und Differenzierung zwischen therapiebedürftiger Adipositas und therapiebedürftigem Lipödem entscheiden über Erfolg und Misserfolg der eingeleiteten Therapie.Nach konservativem Therapieversuch kann die operative Versorgung bei Ausbleiben einer entsprechenden Besserung durch Liposuktion oder adipositaschirurgische Intervention bei einem erheblichen Teil der Betroffenen die konservative Therapie reduzieren bzw. teilweise sogar ganz überflüssig machen.
Organic Photoredox Catalysts Exhibiting Long Excited-State Lifetimes
Authors: You Youngmin , Jeong Dong Yeun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic photoredox catalysts with a long excited-state lifetime have emerged as promising alternatives to transition-metal-complex photocatalysts. This paper explains the effectiveness of using long-lifetime photoredox catalysts for organic transformations, focusing on the structures and photophysics that enable long excited-state lifetimes. The electrochemical potentials of the reported organic, long-lifetime photocatalysts are compiled and compared with those of the representative Ir(III)- and Ru(II)-based catalysts. This paper closes by providing recent demonstrations of the synthetic utility of the organic catalysts.1 Introduction2 Molecular Structure and Photophysics3 Photoredox Catalysis Performance4 Catalysis Mediated by Long-Lifetime Organic Photocatalysts4.1 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Addition to Alkenes4.2 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Addition to Arenes4.3 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Addition to Imines4.4 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Addition to Substrates Having C≡X Bonds (X=C, N)4.5 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Bond Formation with Transition Metals4.6 Miscellaneous Reactions of Radical Species Generated by Photoredox Catalysis5 Conclusions
In vivo Hemostatic Activity of Jatropha mollissima: A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial in an Animal Model
Authors: Dantas Maria Vitoria Oliveira , Nogueira Paula Lima , Lima Filipe de Oliveira , Oliveira Denis Candeia Pereira , Gomes Emanuelly Nara Severiano , Rodrigues José Filipe Bacalhau , Amoah Solomon Kweku Sagoe , Rosendo Rosana Araújo , da Penha Elizandra Silva , Dantas Antonio Flávio Medeiros , Fook Marcus Vinícius Lia , Lacerda-Santos Rogério , Melquiades de Medeiros Luanna Abílio Diniz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic activity of the sap from Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. in rats.Materials and Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n = 6): the JM25 and JM40 groups were treated with ethanolic extract from the sap of J. mollissima, in a concentration of 25 and 40 mg·mL1, respectively; the MO group was treated with Monsel’s solution and the control group SC with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution.Statistical Analysis Data were submitted to the Kurskal–Wallis’ test, followed by Dunn’s post hoc (p < 0.05).Results There was a significant reduction in the bleeding time of the group from the JM25 extract (p = 0.001) when compared with MO and SC. There were no statistically significant differences between groups JM25 and JM40 (p > 0.05). The JM25 group did not present rebleeding, a result significantly different from the MO group (p = 0.001). Monsel’s solution showed significant bleeding, six times greater than the control group SC.Conclusion The J. mollissima extract, in the concentration of 25 mg·mL1, showed the highest hemostatic efficiency and was found to be a promising biomaterial for the elaboration of a hemostatic product.
Effect of Yellow Propolis on Biocompatibility of Cements: Morphological and Immunohistochemistry Analysis
Authors: Meneses Izaura Helena Chaves de , Sampaio Gêisa Aiane de Morais , Vieira Rayssa Amaral , Campos Márcio José da Silva , Alves Polliana Muniz , Pithon Matheus Melo , Lacerda-Santos Rogério 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective The focus of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of ionomer cements modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) in different concentrations and time intervals.Materials and Methods In total, one hundred and thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups: Control, Groups Meron, and Groups Ketac (conventional, and added with 10, 25, 50% EEP, respectively). Histological analyses of inflammatory infiltrate and collagen fibers, and immunohistochemistry of CD68+ for macrophages (MOs) and multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were performed.Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the Kruskal—Wallis and Dunn (p < 0.05) tests.Results Intense inflammatory infiltrate was demonstrated in the cements with 10% EEP at 7 days and 15 days (p < 0.05), only Group Ketac 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 30 days. A smaller quantity of collagen fibers was observed in the cements with 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 7 days, and Group Meron 10% EEP (p = 0.04) at 15 days. MOs and MGCs showed significant difference for the cements with 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 7 and 15 days. At 30 days, MOs persisted in the Groups with 10% EEP.Conclusions The concentration of 10% EEP had the greatest influence on the inflammatory and tissue repair processes. The concentrations of 25 and 50% EEP demonstrated biocompatibility similar to that of cements that did not receive EEP.
Effects of SiO2 Incorporation on the Flexural Properties of a Denture Base Resin: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Alzayyat Sara T. , Almutiri Ghadah A. , Aljandan Jawhara K. , Algarzai Raneem M. , Khan Soban Q. , Akhtar Sultan , Ateeq Ijlal Shahrukh , Gad Mohammed M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of low-silicon dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material.Materials and Methods A total of 50 rectangular acrylic specimens (65 × 10 × 2.5 mm3) were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin. In accordance with the amount of nano-SiO2, specimens were divided into the following five groups (n = 10 per group): a control group with no added SiO2, and four test groups modified with 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% nano-SiO2 of acrylic powder. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured by using a 3-point bending test with a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope was used for fracture surface analyses. Data analyses were conducted through analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05).Results Compared with the control group, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity tended to significantly increase (p ˂ 0.001) with the incorporation of nano-SiO2. In between the reinforced groups, the flexural strength significantly decreased (p ˂ 0.001) as the concentrations increased from 0.25 to 1.0%, with the 1.0% group showing the lowest value. Furthermore, the elastic modulus significantly increased (p ˂ 0.001) at 0.05% followed by 1.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and least in control group.Conclusion A low nano-SiO2 addition increased the flexural strength and elastic modulus of a PMMA denture base resin.
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment by a Trifid Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament
Authors: Bhandari Prem Singh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnatomical variations at the suprascapular notch may limit the available space for the suprascapular nerve (SSN), and cause its entrapment in the tight osseoligamentous tunnel. The author encountered the presence of a trifid superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) while operating on a patient with SSN entrapment. Surgical division of the three bands resulted in complete regression of symptoms.
Tetrahydrocurcumin Downregulates MAPKs/cPLA2 Signaling and Attenuates Platelet Thromboxane A2 Generation, Granule Secretion, and Thrombus Growth
Authors: Li Weiqi , Ma Yongjie , Zhang Chunmei , Chen Binlin , Zhang Xiandan , Yu Xin , Shuai Hongyan , He Qilian , Ya Fuli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlatelet granule secretion plays a key role in atherothrombosis. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound derived from turmeric, exerts multiple biological activities. The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC, the major active metabolite of curcumin) on platelet granule secretion in vitro and thrombus formation in vivo. We found that THC significantly attenuated agonist-induced granule secretion in human gel-filtered platelets in vitro, including CD62P and CD63 expression and platelet factor 4, CCL5, and adenosine triphosphate release. These inhibitory effects of THC were partially mediated by the attenuation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) phosphorylation, leading to a decrease in thromboxane A2 (TxA2) generation. Moreover, the MAPK (Erk1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK) signaling pathways were downregulated by THC treatment, resulting in reduced cPLA2 activation, TxA2 generation, and granule secretion. Additionally, THC and curcumin attenuated murine thrombus growth in a FeCl3-induced mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model in C57BL/6J mice without prolonging the tail bleeding time. THC exerted more potent inhibitory effects on thrombosis formation than curcumin. Through blocking cyclooxygenase-1 activity and thus inhibiting platelet TxA2 synthesis and granule secretion with aspirin, we found that THC did not further decrease the inhibitory effects of aspirin on thrombosis formation. Thus, through inhibiting MAPKs/cPLA2 signaling, and attenuating platelet TxA2 generation, granule secretion, and thrombus formation, THC may be a potent cardioprotective agent.
Monolithically integrated InGaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well photodetectors on 300 mm Si wafers
Authors: Mehdi H. , Martin M. , Jany C. , Virot L. , Hartmann J. M. , Da Fonseca J. , Moeyaert J. , Gaillard P. , Coignus J. , Leroux C. , Licitra C. , Salem B. , Baron T. 
Published: August 2021

Near infrared light detection is fundamental for sensing in various application fields. In this paper, we detail the properties of InGaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) photodetectors (PDs) monolithically integrated by direct epitaxy on 300 mm Si(001) substrates. A MQW high crystalline quality is achieved using 300 mm Ge/Si pseudo-substrates with a low threading dislocation density of 4 × 107 cm−2 from electron channeling contrast imaging measurements. The localized states in the MQW stack are investigated using temperature-dependent photoluminescence. Two non-radiative recombination channels are identified. The first one is due to delocalized excitons generated by potential’s fluctuations because of the InGaAs/AlGaAs interfacial roughness (with an activation energy below 4 meV). The second one is due to exciton quenching because of the presence of numerous threading dislocations. A low dark current density of 2.5 × 10−5 A/cm2 is measured for PDs on Ge/Si substrates, i.e., a value very close to that of the same PDs grown directly on GaAs(001) substrates. A responsivity of 36 mA/W is otherwise measured for the photodiode on Ge/Si at room temperature and at −2 V.
Impact of growth parameters on the background doping of GaN films grown by ammonia and plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy for high-voltage vertical power switches
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Jorgensen Kelsey Fast , Farzana Esmat , Qwah Kai Shek , Monavarian Morteza , Biegler Zachary J. , Mates Thomas , Speck James S. 
Published: August 2021

We report on ammonia and plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (NH3-MBE and PAMBE) grown GaN layers with a low net carrier concentration (Nnet). Growth parameters, such as growth rate, V–III ratio, and plasma power, were investigated on different substrates to study their impact on surface morphology and background doping levels using atomic force microscopy and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements, respectively. The elevated growth rates are especially interesting for vertical power switches, requiring very thick drift regions (over 10 μm) with low background concentrations. For our NH3-MBE-grown layers, Nnet shows an almost linear increase with the growth rate. Using a freestanding substrate and at a fast growth rate of 1.4 μm hr−1, a Nnet value as low as 1 × 1015 cm−3 was achieved. For samples grown via PAMBE, the lowest Nnet among samples grown under a Ga adlayer was 2 × 1016 cm−3 for a growth rate of 0.32 μm h−1 on a GaN-on-sapphire template. The results support the use of MBE for growing high-quality GaN material with reasonably fast growth rates maintaining low background doping levels for high-voltage vertical power electronic devices.
Variable strategies to solve risk–reward tradeoffs in carnivore communities
Authors: Ruprecht Joel , Eriksson Charlotte E. , Forrester Tavis D. , Spitz Derek B. , Clark Darren A. , Wisdom Michael J. , Bianco Marcus , Rowland Mary M. , Smith Joshua B. , Johnson Bruce K. , Levi Taal 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceAn incomplete understanding of the total influence competitively dominant predators exert on subordinate species hinders our ability to anticipate the effects that changing carnivore populations will have on ecological communities. Here, we show that cougars are the architects of a complex behavioral game of risk and reward, because subordinate or cooccurring carnivores are both provisioned and preyed on by the dominant predators. Each cooccurring carnivore species considered here employed a different strategy to approach the risk–reward tradeoff, suggesting there are multiple viable solutions to the game. By not considering the multitude of effects dominant predators have on other carnivores, we are missing important linkages in terrestrial food webs.
The LpoA activator is required to stimulate the peptidoglycan polymerase activity of its cognate cell wall synthase PBP1a
Authors: Sardis Marios F. , Bohrhunter Jessica L. , Greene Neil G. , Bernhardt Thomas G. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Class A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs) assemble the bacterial cell wall and are the targets of penicillin and related β-lactam antibiotics. In gram-negative bacteria, the aPBPs require outer membrane lipoproteins to function. However, little is known about how these proteins promote the activity of their cognate synthases in cells. Here, we show that one of these lipoproteins, called LpoA, has a much more pronounced effect on aPBP activity in cells than anticipated from biochemical studies. It not only modulates the cross-linking of cell wall polymers but is also required for the aPBP to make the polymers in the first place. Our findings therefore provide insights into the regulation of an important class of antibiotic targets in their native cellular context.
On the four grades / four calls of Chinese rime tables
Authors: Orlandi Georg 
Published: August 2021

Summary
The present paper seeks to discuss and clarify the notions of ‘Grades’ and ‘Calls’ of traditional Chinese rime tables, which are commonly related to the presence or absence of glides, and continue to be taken as a basis for reconstructing vocalic and semi-vocalic portions of the post-initial elements in medieval and pre-medieval Chinese syllables. It is argued that, based on the discussions of Grades/Calls by Chinese scholars of the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries, they were probably conceived as degrees of stricture of the phonatory apparatus, with progressive narrowing of the articulatory aperture, from wide and open to narrow and close. It is concluded that the linguistic perspective underpinning the classification of “sounds” in the linguistic tradition of China appears to be remarkably close to concepts long held in other linguistic traditions.
Metapragmatics in indirect reports
Authors: Morady Moghaddam Mostafa , Ostovar-Namaghi Seyyed Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study attempts to describe how metapragmatic devices can exert change in indirect reporting. This was achieved through the analysis of naturally occurring indirect reports during interaction. Specifically, indirect reports were extracted from a series of expert talks (≈800 minutes) broadcast by Iranian national TV. The analysis of these expert talks showed cases of communicative ‘know-hows’, where Persian speakers reflectively managed the dialogue in terms of their interpretation of the original utterance. Accordingly, Persian speakers negotiated the degree of reflexivity by changing the verb of saying and by adhering to specific syntactic markers. Thus, contrary to previous research, the present study revealed that Persian indirect reports can benefit from some syntactic markers to show that speakers do not perfectly adhere to the pragmatic force of the original speaker’s utterance. By contrast, Persian speakers use classes of markers, or contextualisation clues (Gumperz 1982), to show their control over the utterances. These markers are generally used to indicate politeness, uncertainty, and summarisation in Persian indirect reports. Such markers can distinguish indirect reports in Persian from those of other languages such as English.
Dielectric response of electron–hole systems. Nondegenerate case and quantum corrections
Authors: Semkat D , Stolz H , Kraeft W-D , Fehske H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Analytical results for the dielectric function in RPA are derived for three-, two-, and one-dimensional semiconductors in the weakly-degenerate limit. Based on this limit, quantum corrections are derived. Further attention is devoted to systems with linear carrier dispersion and the resulting Dirac-cone physics.
Non-equidistant scanning path generation for the evaluation of surface curvature in metrological scanning probe microscopes
Authors: Hu Yaoyuan , Ju Bingfeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel geometry information-based adaptive step (non-equidistance) scanning path generation method for metrological scanning probe microscopes. This method reduces the total amount of required data and enables faster surface scanning speed for large industrial workpieces while preserving adequate geometric information for performance evaluation after surface reconstruction. The grid points are generated iteratively while gaining knowledge of the surface geometry step by step. We focus on the curvature properties and then propose a metric for the curvature information based on the triangulated surface geometry. With certain convergence criteria on the curvature measure variation, the proposed methods promise better surface reconstruction completeness and performance evaluation correctness. Simulations on the algorithm are performed on a typical parametric surface. A brief comparison to height-based scanning algorithm is performed to show the adaptability of the novel method on curvature evaluation. Experimental verifications are conducted to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Dislocation structure and mobility in the layered semiconductor InSe: a first-principles study
Authors: Rudenko A N , Katsnelson M I , Gornostyrev Yu N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The structure and mobility of dislocations in the layered semiconductor InSe is studied within a multiscale approach based on generalized Peierls–Nabarro model with material-specific parametrization derived from first principles. The plasticity of InSe turns out to be attributed to peculiarities of the generalized stacking fault relief for the interlayer dislocation slips such as existence of the stacking fault with a very low energy and low energy barriers. Our results give a consistent microscopic explanation of recently observed (2020 Science
369, 542) exceptional plasticity of InSe.
Crack propagation modeling of strengthening reinforced concrete deep beams with CFRP plates
Authors: Shahbazpanahi Shahriar , Karim Hogr , Abdullah Wrya , Reuter Uwe , Mosavi Amir H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fracture analysis of reinforced concrete deep beam strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates was carried out. The present research aimed to discover whether crack propagation in a strengthened deep beam follows linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theory or nonlinear fracture mechanics theory. To do so, a new energy release rate based on nonlinear fracture mechanics theory was formulated on the finite element method and the discrete cohesive zone model (DCZM) was developed in deep beams. To validate and compare with numerical models, three deep beams with rectangular cross-sections were tested. The code results based on nonlinear fracture mechanics models were compared with the experimental results and the ABAQUS results carried out based on LEFM. The predicted values of initial stiffness, yielding point and failure load, energy absorption, and compressive strain in the concrete obtained by the proposed model were very close to the experimental results. However, the ABAQUS software results displayed greater differences from the experimental results. For instance, the predicted failure load for the shear-strengthened deep beam using the proposed model only had a 6.3% difference from the experimental result. However, the predicted failure load using ABAQUS software based on LEFM indicated greater differences (25.1%) compared to the experimental result.
Brain criticality beyond avalanches: open problems and how to approach them
Authors: Girardi-Schappo Mauricio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A homeostatic mechanism that keeps the brain highly susceptible to stimuli and optimizes many of its functions—although this is a compelling theoretical argument in favor of the brain criticality hypothesis, the experimental evidence accumulated during the last two decades is still not entirely convincing, causing the idea to be seemingly unknown in the more clinically-oriented neuroscience community. In this perspective review, we will briefly review the theoretical framework underlying such bold hypothesis, and point to where theory and experiments agree and disagree, highlighting potential ways to try and bridge the gap between them. Finally, we will discuss how the stand point of statistical physics could yield practical applications in neuroscience and help with the interpretation of what is a healthy or unhealthy brain, regardless of being able to validate the critical brain hypothesis.