bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota alterations and health status in aging adults: From correlation to causation
Authors: Wu Yong‐Lin , Xu Jun , Rong Xing‐Yu , Wang Feifei , Wang Hui‐Jing , Zhao Chao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe deterioration of tissue structure and decline in physiological function during aging are accompanied by alterations to the gut microbiota. The elderly has higher risks of various diseases and chronic diseases. However, inter‐individual differences are more apparent in elderly than younger, and a proportion of individuals have a delayed onset or even avoid developing chronic diseases. This difference in health status is influenced by both heredity and Lifestyle and environmental factors. During the process of aging, the gut microbiota is also affected by the external environment, and provides a buffer to external challenge, and thus the gut microbiota reflects an individual's personal experience. Moreover, the immune system undergoes a series of changes with age, which are related to chronic inflammation in the elderly. The formation, maturation and senescence of the intestinal immune system is closely related to the gut microbiota. Additionally, changes in the gut microbiota of elderly individuals may modulate the immune system, which may in turn affect health status. Herein, we summarize the correlations between the gut microbiota with individual health status in the elderly and explore the related mechanisms, which may provide a basis to maintain or enhance the health of the elderly though interventions targeting the gut microbiota.
Rational design for thermochromic luminescence in amorphous polystyrene films with bis‐o‐carborane‐substituted enhanced conjugated molecule having aggregation‐induced luminochromism
Authors: Wada Keisuke , Hashimoto Kazushi , Ochi Junki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe designed the triad molecule, bis‐o‐carborane‐substituted bis(thienylethynyl)benzene, as a filler for realizing thermochromic luminescent behaviors based on conventional polymer films, such as polystyrene. From the optical measurements, it was found that the triad can show solid‐state emission and dual‐luminescent properties with variable intensity ratios depending on media. From the mechanistic studies including the experiments with the methyl‐substituted model compound, it was revealed that dual emission should be originated from the locally excited and twisted intramolecular charge transfer states, and the latter emission band is significantly enhanced in the solid states. We prepared amorphous films containing variable concentrations of the triad with the spin‐coating method and investigated optical properties. It was found that intensity ratios were drastically changed by altering the concentration of the triad. By increasing the proportion of the triad, aggregation occurred, and emission color was apparently varied through the changes in intensity ratios of the dual emission property. Based on the aggregation‐induced luminochromic property of the triad, thermochromic luminescence was finally realized by heating the amorphous films. The rational design for obtaining thermochromic luminescent amorphous films is illustrated in this paper.
Metallacycles, metallacages, and their aggregate/optical behavior
Authors: Sun Yan , Stang Peter J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the first metallacycle was prepared by Verkade in 1983, various metallacycles and metallacages with controllable nanoscale shapes and sizes have been created by modular design and synthesis, showing unique properties that enable applications in catalysis, sensors, and biomedicine. Everything from their photophysical properties to their antitumor activities and catalysis was found to be influenced by their suprastructures. Thus, it is necessary and helpful to develop a systematic understanding of the relationships among the micro/nanostructures, the resultant photophysical/chemical properties, and the corresponding applications. In this review, we summarized the latest progress in this area in approximately the past 5 years.
Milestones in treatments for inborn errors of metabolism: Reflections on Where chemistry and medicine meet
Authors: Vernon Hilary J. , Manoli Irini 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFrom Sir Archibald Garrod's initial description of the tetrad of albinism, alkaptonuria, cystinuria, and pentosuria to today, the field of medicine dedicated to inborn errors of metabolism has evolved from disease identification and mechanistic discovery to the development of therapies designed to subvert biochemical defects. In this review, we highlight major milestones in the treatment and diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism, starting with dietary therapy for phenylketonuria in the 1950s and 1960s, and ending with current approaches in genetic manipulation.
Chalcogen‐Bonding Catalysis with Telluronium Cations
Authors: Weiss Robin , Aubert Emmanuel , Pale Patrick , Mamane Victor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChalcogen bonding results from non‐covalent interactions occurring between electrodeficient chalcogen atoms and Lewis bases. Among the chalcogens, tellurium is the strongest Lewis acid, but Te‐based compounds are scarcely used as organocatalysts. For the first time, telluronium cations demonstrated impressive catalytic properties at low loadings in three benchmark reactions: the Friedel–Crafts bromination of anisole, the bromolactonization of ω‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and the aza‐Diels–Alder between Danishefsky's diene and imines. The ability of telluronium cations to interact with a Lewis base through chalcogen bonding was demonstrated on the basis of multi‐nuclear (17O, 31P, and 125Te) NMR analysis and DFT calculations.
Post‐Translational Formation of Aminomalonate by a Promiscuous Peptide‐Modifying Radical SAM Enzyme
Authors: Ma Suze , Chen Heng , Li He , Ji Xinjian , Deng Zixin , Ding Wei , Zhang Qi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAminomalonate (Ama) is a widespread structural motif in Nature, whereas its biosynthetic route is only partially understood. In this study, we show that a radical S‐adenosylmethionine (rSAM) enzyme involved in cyclophane biosynthesis exhibits remarkable catalytic promiscuity. This enzyme, named three‐residue cyclophane forming enzyme (3‐CyFE), mainly produces cyclophane in vivo, whereas it produces formylglycine (FGly) as a major product and barely produce cyclophane in vitro. Importantly, the enzyme can further oxidize FGly to produce Ama. Bioinformatic study revealed that 3‐CyFEs have evolved from a common ancestor with anaerobic sulfatase maturases (anSMEs), and possess a similar set of catalytic residues with anSMEs. Remarkably, the enzyme does not need leader peptide for activity and is fully active on a truncated peptide containing only 5 amino acids of the core sequence. Our work discloses the first ribosomal path towards Ama formation, providing a possible hint for the rich occurrence of Ama in Nature.
Physical and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resin matrix from recycled PET (based PG) with corn straw fiber
Authors: Wilson García Nora Abigail , Almaral Sánchez Jorge Luis , Vargas Ortiz Ramón Álvaro , Hurtado Macías Abel , Flores Ramírez Nelly , Aguilar Palazuelos Ernesto , Flores Valenzuela Joaquín , Castro Beltrán Andrés , Alvarado Beltrán Clemente Guadalupe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), synthesized from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with 10 to 40% in volume of corn straw fiber (CSF), were elaborated and studied the effect of fiber content on their physical and mechanical properties. The content of cellulose (48.97%), hemicellulose (24.06%), and lignin (6.59%) were determined by chemical characterization of CSF. The characteristic bonds of the UPR were identified as a cross‐linking network between the styrene monomer (ST) and the unsaturated polyester (UP) through FTIR. Two decomposition stages were observed by TGA–DTG. The results of physical and mechanical properties showed that as the fiber content increased in the UPR, the water absorption increased (0.6% to 2.56%), on the other hand, the density (1218.23 to 1150.28 kg/m3), flexural strength (50.58 to 26.98 MPa), flexural modulus (2.66 to 2.29 GPa), tensile strength (8.62 to 3.65 MPa), tensile modulus (1.18 to 0.43 GPa), and hardness (81.67 to 65.67 Shore D), they decreased. SEM analysis showed some defects in the fiber distribution in the UPR, which affected the mechanical properties of the composites. This research contributes to the development of new material from use of two waste materials for the benefit of the environment.
The nasal region of the ~417 ka Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) Hominin: New terminology and implications for later human evolution
Authors: Schwartz Jeffrey H. , Pantoja‐Pérez Ana , Arsuaga Juan Luis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCircum‐nasal and nasal cavity morphology add to the picture of the Sima de los Huesos specimens as, at one level, representing a distinct morph and, at another, displaying individual variation. They developed a robust, midline‐grooved, three‐dimensional spinal ridge lying anteriorly in the nasal cavity floor that was distended posteriorly over the nasal cavity floor, and, typically, an expansive, three‐dimensional patch of rugose bone on the nasal cavity wall where a conchal crest would otherwise lie. They vary, for example, in degree of topographic relief of the nasal cavity wall, expression of the spinal ridge, and development of nasal crests and fossae. Lacking an anterior nasal spine, Sima specimens differ from extant and most fossil Homo sapiens, some specimens attributed to H. heidelbergensis, and the Gran Dolina partial face, whose anterior nasal spine is a superoanterior distention of the nasoalveolar clivus, and also from Neanderthals, whose anterior nasal spine projects anteriorly away from the nasoalveolar clivus. Comparison of Neanderthals, the Sima hominin, and specimens regarded as H. heidelbergensis calls for re‐evaluating the integrity of “heidelbergensis” and rethinking the phylogenetic relationships of them all. To precisely describe the numerous features and combinations thereof of the nasal region in Sima specimens, and compare them with Neandertals and “H. heidelbergensis”, we developed terminology that is applicable not only to hominins, but to mammals in general.
Phase III/IV, Randomized, Fifty‐Two–Week Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab in Patients of Black African Ancestry With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ginzler Ellen , Guedes Barbosa Luiz Sergio , D'Cruz David , Furie Richard , Maksimowicz‐McKinnon Kathleen , Oates James , Santiago Mittermayer Barreto , Saxena Amit , Sheikh Saira , Bass Damon L. , Burriss Susan W. , Gilbride Jennifer A. , Groark James G. , Miller Michelle , Pierce Amy , Roth David A. , Ji Beulah 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveEnrollment of patients of Black African ancestry with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in phase II and phase III of the belimumab trials was not reflective of the racial distribution observed in the lupus population. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) belimumab plus standard therapy in patients of self‐identified Black race.MethodsEMBRACE (GSK Study BEL115471; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01632241) was a 52‐week multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in adults of self‐identified Black race with active SLE who received monthly belimumab 10 mg/kg IV, or placebo, plus standard therapy. The optional 26‐week open‐label extension phase included patients who completed the double‐blind phase. The primary end point of the study was SLE Responder Index (SRI) response rate at week 52 with modified proteinuria scoring adapted from the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) (SRI–SLEDAI‐2K). Key secondary end points included SRI response rate at week 52, time to first severe SLE flare, and reductions in prednisone dose.ResultsThe modified intent‐to‐treat population comprised 448 patients, of whom 96.9% were women and the mean ± SD age was 38.8 ± 11.42 years. The primary end point (improvement in the SRI–SLEDAI‐2K response rate at week 52) was not achieved (belimumab 48.7%, placebo 41.6%; odds ratio 1.40 [95% confidence interval 0.93, 2.11], P = 0.1068); however, numerical improvements favoring belimumab were observed, in which the SRI–SLEDAI‐2K response rates were higher in those who received belimumab compared with those who received placebo, especially in patients with SLE who had high disease activity or renal manifestations at baseline. The safety profile of belimumab was generally consistent with that observed in previous SLE trials. Adverse events were the primary reasons for double‐blind phase withdrawals (belimumab 5.4%, placebo 6.7%).ConclusionThe primary end point of this study was not achieved, but improvement with belimumab versus placebo was observed, suggesting that belimumab remains a suitable treatment option for SLE management in patients of Black African ancestry.
What factors motivate male and female Generation Z students to become engaged as peer teachers? A mixed‐method study among medical and dental students in the gross anatomy course
Authors: Messerer David A. C. , Kraft Sophie F. , Horneffer Astrid , Messerer Laura A. S. , Böckers Tobias M. , Böckers Anja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeer‐teaching is widely established in anatomy teaching and offers well‐described advantages. Nevertheless, at Ulm University, Germany, a reduction in the number of peer teacher applicants for the dissection course was observed. This study examined factors related to the attractiveness of a position as a peer teacher for Generation Z students. Participants of the gross anatomy course were asked to evaluate factors influencing the attractiveness of a peer teacher position using a six‐point Likert scale. Additionally, open‐ended questions were analyzed qualitatively. Sex‐specific subgroup analysis was performed comparing students of low and high motivation to apply for a tutorship. Of the 374 students who participated in this study (response rate 53%), 38% stated that they were intending to apply as peer teachers. Data indicated that students displayed intrinsic motivation to apply for a tutorship because of the opportunity to improve their anatomy knowledge and/or their pleasure in teaching. In contrast, extrinsic factors like remuneration of the tutorship and its relevance for their curriculum vitae were least important. Anatomy educators underestimated the demotivating factor of the workload associated with the tutorship and encouraged students less frequently to apply than peer teachers. Only minor sex‐specific differences could be identified. Nevertheless, female students were encouraged less frequently to apply than their male peers. In summary, Generation Z students apply as peer teachers because they are enthusiastic about the task. To motivate students to commit to extracurricular activities like a tutorship, anatomy educators should actively encourage students—particularly females—more frequently to apply.
Plasmapheresis for the management of acute cyanide poisoning: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Namakizadeh Esfahani Navid , Zoofaghari Shafeajafar , Akhavan Sigari Amirhossein , Dorooshi Gholamali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn case of mild to moderate cyanide poisoning, especially when standard antidote kits are not readily available, plasmapheresis can be utilized as an alternative option alongside supportive measures.
Erectile dysfunction and reduced libido in a myasthenia gravis patient treated with methotrexate
Authors: Papadopoulos Constantinos , Papadimas George Konstantinos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients with myasthenia gravis treated with methotrexate are usually young and sexually active. Therefore, sexual dysfunction associated with MTX treatment should be considered and specifically searched in them as it can be an under‐recognized cause of treatment failure or poor compliance
Cardiac sarcoidosis: Two case reports
Authors: Afriyie‐Mensah Jane Sandra , Awindaogo Felix Razak , Tagoe Emmanuella Naa Deeidei , Ayetey Harold 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe clinical presentation of cardiac sarcoidosis is variable. We report two cases of cardiac sarcoidosis to highlight the varied clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges in our setting, and encourage the consideration of sarcoidosis as a differential in unexplained arrhythmias and heart failure.
A case of langerhans cell histiocytosis of the mandible that spontaneously regressed after biopsy in a child
Authors: Ono Kisho , Okui Tatsuo , Kunisada Yuki , Obata Kyoichi , Masui Masanori , Ryumon Shoji , Ibaragi Soichiro , Nakamura Tomoya , Sasaki Akira 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn younger patients of LCH, we should consider that the effectiveness of follow‐up without aggressive treatment for SS‐type LCH in the oral and maxillofacial bone. However, there are very rare case in which an SS‐type LCH recurred after showing a healing tendency. Regular follow‐up must be performed even after healing.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection as a potential triggering factor for urticarial vasculitis during pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Shahidi Dadras Mohammad , Rakhshan Azadeh , Diab Reem , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for COVID‐19 in cases of urticarial vasculitis or other forms of urticaria. This is particularly important for acute presentations in otherwise asymptomatic individuals and pregnant women, where a prompt approach to the patient can prevent undesirable complications.
Emphysematous cholecystitis: A deadly disguise of a common culprit
Authors: Mechineni Ashesha , Manickam Rajapriya , Singh Balraj 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEmphysematous cholecystitis is a critical differential diagnosis for physicians to consider when evaluating patients with acute abdomen. Patients who are unable to undergo emergency surgery can benefit from percutaneous cholecystostomy.
Zinc Electrodeposition in Acetate‐based Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Amiri Mona , Bélanger Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractZinc electroplating has found applications in many fields. The chemical composition of the electrodeposition bath can have a great impact on the final coating quality and the economics of the process. In traditional aqueous electrolytes, zinc deposition competes with the hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, which can lead to hydrogen embrittlement of the substrate as well as decrease in efficiency. Highly concentrated water‐in‐salt electrolytes can suppress these reactions significantly. Here, we show that electrodeposition of zinc with high efficiencies can be achieved using an acetate‐based water‐in‐salt electrolyte at room temperature. Nucleation studies confirm that at potentials more negative than −1.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the three‐dimensional (3D) nucleation process becomes instantaneous, while at more positive potentials it is progressive. Using two of the most common nucleation and growth models, Scharifker‐Mostany and Mirkin‐Nilov‐Heerman‐Tarallo, nucleation parameters such as the nucleation rate constant and nuclei density are found, showing a good agreement between the two models.
Infrared Responsive Choline Phosphate Lipids for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jiang Sangni , Wang Wenliang , Dong Lihua , Yan Xinxin , Li Shengran , Mei Weikang , Xie Xintao , Zhang Yuanhua , Liu Sanrong , Yu Xifei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCholine phosphate lipids have been designed and developed as new‐generation zwitterionic nanocarriers with excellent biocompatibility and bioorthogonality to provide a more programmable performance for cancer therapy. However, there is a lack of spatiotemporal and reversible control for drug release at target tumor cells, which can lead to severe adverse effects to normal tissue and discounted treatment outcome. Here, light‐inducible Lip‐cRGDfk/ICG/Dox liposomes were developed for synergistic cancer therapy. ICG can effectively convert light energy into selective heating in a local environment upon laser irradiation, thus inducing thermal ablation of tumor cells, and further reversibly trigger the spatiotemporal release of anticancer drugs (Dox) at tumor cells due to the conformation transformation of CP lipids to synergistically kill tumor cells. That Lip‐cRGDfk/ICG/Dox exhibited a significant improvement for breast cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo is also demonstrated, thus it can serve as an efficient platform to noninvasively and spatiotemporally control the activation of cytotoxicity at tumor cells for precision cancer therapy.
Purification of rutin by supercritical fluid simulated moving bed chromatography
Authors: Geng Zhongfeng , Yang Yuzhu , Yang Shuyuan , Zhou Jinyi , Lyu Huisheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown that rutin (Quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnosylglucoside) may have an inhibitory effect on COVID‐19. Rutin can be extracted from Tartary buckwheat as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Nevertheless, its purification is mainly hindered by Kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside (K3R) due to their similar molecular structures. This study intends to propose a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography process of rutin and K3R to achieve continuous production. True moving bed (TMB) and SMB models were established to numerically analyze and optimize this process. The system consists of a four‐zone SMB with two columns in each zone. The effects of the switch interval, feed flowrate, desorbent flowrate, extract flowrate, raffinate flowrate, and recycle flowrate on the purity and yield of rutin and K3R were investigated and the optimized conditions were chosen as 5 min, 3.5, 40, 34, 9.5, and 24.5 L/min, respectively. Consequently, the purities of 99.64% and 99.25%, and the yields of 99.81% and 99.37% for rutin and K3R were obtained, respectively. The simulation results can provide a guidance for the future industrial application of SF‐SMB to separate rutin and K3R.
Effect of ash composition on adsorption and agglomeration characteristics in low‐low‐temperature electrostatic precipitator systems
Authors: Jiang Jiahao , Fan Gaofeng , Deng Lei , Che Defu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe low‐low temperature electrostatic precipitator (LLT‐ESP) has been applied in many power plants to improve the emission performance. In this study, a number of fix‐bed experiments were conducted, which simulated the operation condition of LLT‐ESP. The effect of chemical composition on the adsorption characteristics of ash samples and the agglomeration after adsorption were studied. The results show that the agglomeration of ash particles occurs in three forms, including agglomeration among small particles, adhesion of loose pellets to large particles, and agglomeration among large particles. The capacity of ash particles to adsorb sulphuric acid is less affected by the increase of added amounts of NaCl or KCl. At the same time, the added amount of NaCl or KCl also has little effect on the agglomeration degree of ash particles. The addition of MgO, CaO, Fe2O3, Na2CO3, or K2CO3 from 0% to 13.3%, 22.4%, 23.9%, 18.4%, or 14.2%, promotes the adsorption of sulphuric acid by ash particles from 1.95 mg g−1 to 7.33, 7.71, 6.72, 5.1, or 5.44 mg g−1 (based on sulphur content), respectively, thereby promoting the agglomeration between ash particles. As the addition amount increases, the agglomeration phenomenon among particles becomes more conspicuous. The form of agglomeration changes from agglomeration among small particles to agglomeration among large particles. In addition, the addition of MgO or CaO has great influence on the adsorption and agglomeration.