bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are we moving toward an energy-efficient low-carbon economy? An input–output LMDI decomposition of CO$$_{2}$$ emissions for Spain and the EU28
Authors: Serrano-Puente Darío 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpain is on a path toward the decarbonization of the economy. This is mainly due to structural changes in the economy, where less energy-intensive sectors are gaining more relevance, and due to a higher use of less carbon-intensive primary energy products. This decarbonization trend is in fact more accentuated than that observed in the EU28, but there is still much to be done in order to reverse the huge increases in emissions that occurred in Spain prior to the 2007 crisis. The technical energy efficiency is improving in the Spanish economy at a higher rate than in the EU28, although all these gains are offset by the losses that the country suffers due to the inefficient use of the energy equipment. There is an installed energy infrastructure (in the energy-consumer side) in the Spanish economy that is not working at its maximum rated capacity, but which has very high fixed energy costs that reduce the observed energy efficiency and puts at risk the achievement of the emissions and energy consumption targets set by the European institutions. We arrive to these findings by developing a hybrid decomposition approach called input–output logarithmic mean Divisia index (IO-LMDI) decomposition method. With this methodological approach, we can provide an allocation diagram scheme for assigning the responsibility of primary energy requirements and carbon-dioxide emissions to the end-use sectors, including both economic and non-productive sectors. In addition, we analyze more potential influencing factors than those typically examined, we proceed in a way that reconciles energy intensity and energy efficiency metrics, and we are able to distinguish between technical and observed end-use energy efficiency taking into account potential rebound effects and other factors.
Drought increases chlorophyll content in stems of Vitis interspecific hybrids
Authors: Rustioni Laura , Bianchi Davide 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlants respond to drought stress through different physiological mechanisms. To highlight a specific adaptation strategy related to stem photosynthetic activity, woody tissue pigmentation was studied. In this work, 25 Vitis hybrids were studied in two experimental vineyards: one of them with sufficient water availability and the other showing drought stress. 1500 reflectance spectra of woody tissues were collected. Beside the spectral elaboration and interpretation, indexes for the pigment quantification were calculated. The content and the proportion in chlorophylls (a and b) in stems were significantly modified in response to water stress. Genotypes were classified based on their plasticity/elasticity and adaptive/susceptible behavior. The cluster analysis produced 4 main groups based on their average spectra and on the spectral variations between watered and stress conditions. The most interesting genotypes concerning this trait were pointed out. Nevertheless, this adaptation mechanism could also be due to an increased detoxification necessity related to other physiological disfunctions caused by water stress. A multi-parameter approach is encouraged for phenotyping of abiotic stress tolerant plant selection. In the next future, this work will support the release of new drought tolerant rootstocks for viticulture.
Optimization-driven distribution of relief materials in emergency disasters
Authors: Yan Yan , Di Xinyue , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe distribution of relief materials is an important part of post-disaster emergency rescue. To meet the needs of the relief materials in the affected areas after a sudden disaster and ensure its smooth progress, an optimized dispatch model for multiple periods and multiple modes of transportation supported by the Internet of Things is established according to the characteristics of relief materials. Through the urgent production of relief materials, market procurement, and the use of inventory collection, the needs of the disaster area are met and the goal of minimizing system response time and total cost is achieved. The model is solved using CPLX software, and numerical simulation and results are analyzed using the example of the COVID-19 in Wuhan City, and the dispatching strategies are given under different disruption scenarios. The results show that the scheduling optimization method can meet the material demand of the disaster area with shorter time and lower cost compared with other methods, and can better cope with the supply interruptions that occur in post-disaster rescue.
A workflow language for research e-infrastructures
Authors: Candela Leonardo , Grossi Valerio , Manghi Paolo , Trasarti Roberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch e-infrastructures are “systems of systems,” patchworks of resources such as tools and services, which change over time to address the evolving needs of the scientific process. In such environments, researchers carry out their scientific process in terms of sequences of actions that mainly include invocation of web services, user interaction with web applications, user download and use of shared software libraries/tools. The resulting workflows are intended to generate new research products (articles, datasets, methods, etc.) out of existing ones. Sharing a digital and executable representation of such workflows with other scientists would enforce Open Science publishing principles of “reproducibility of science” and “transparent assessment of science.” This work presents HyWare, a language and execution platform capable of representing scientific processes in highly heterogeneous research e-infrastructures in terms of so-called hybrid workflows. Hybrid workflows can express sequences of “manually executable actions,” i.e., formal descriptions guiding users to repeat a reasoning, protocol or manual procedure, and “machine-executable actions,” i.e., encoding of the automated execution of one (or more) web services. An HyWare execution platform enables scientists to (i) create and share workflows out of a given action set (as defined by the users to match e-infrastructure needs) and (ii) execute hybrid workflows making sure input/output of the actions flow properly across manual and automated actions. The HyWare language and platform can be implemented as an extension of well-known workflow languages and platforms.
Social mobilization and polarization can create volatility in COVID-19 pandemic control
Authors: Hong Inho , Rutherford Alex , Cebrian Manuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, political polarization has emerged as a significant threat that inhibits coordinated action of central and local institutions reducing the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Yet, it is not well-understood to what extent polarization can affect grass-roots, voluntary social mobilization targeted at mitigating the pandemic spread. Here, we propose a polarized mobilization model amidst the pandemic for demonstrating the differential responses to COVID-19 as mediated by the USA’s political landscape. We use a novel dataset and models from time-critical social mobilization competitions, voting records, and a high-resolution county-wise friendship network. Our simulations show that a higher degree of polarization impedes the overall spread of mobilization and leads to a highly-heterogeneous impact among states. Our hypothetical compliance campaign to mitigate COVID-19 spread predicts grass-roots mitigation strategies’ success before the dates of actual lockdowns in identically polarized states with more than three times of success rate than oppositely polarized states. Finally, we analyze the coupling of social mobilization leading to unrest and the growth of COVID-19 infections. These findings highlight social mobilization as both a collective precautionary measure and a potential threat to countermeasures, together with a warning message that the emerging polarization can be a significant hurdle of NPIs relying on coordinated action.
Effect of various flow, sediment and geometrical parameters on partially or fully submerged deck scour
Authors: Baduna Koçyiğit Müsteyde , Karakurt Onur , Akay Hüseyin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of various parameters of flow, sediment and geometric features of the bridge on the depth and shape of the scour hole occurred underneath a bridge deck model without a pier was investigated by a series of experiments conducted in a flume under partially and fully submerged flow and clear water conditions. The experiments were performed with factors such as approach flow depth, discharge, sediment size, degree of submergence, girder location and depth. A total of 112 experiments were conducted for both partially and fully submerged flow conditions. The experimental data showed that the partially submerged flow increased the maximum depth of scour hole and affected the shape of the scour hole more when compared to the fully submerged flow. It was also noted that parameters that directly affected flow structure in the bridge opening such as girder height might significantly increase the maximum depth of scour hole. Effect of the distance between a single girder and the bridge edge was also tested by using three different girder location and it was found that as the distance increased, the depth of the scour hole decreased and the location of the maximum scour depth moved with the girder to where the contraction in the flow area occurred.
Beyond Classical Definition: The Non-definition of Gamification
Authors: Staller Mario S. , Koerner Swen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGamification is regularly defined as the use of game elements in non-gaming contexts. However, discussions in the context of the pedagogical value of gamification suggest controversies on various levels. While on the one hand, the potential is seen in the design of joyful learning environments, critics point out the pedagogical dangers or the problems related to optimizing working life. It becomes apparent that the assumptions guiding action on the subject matter of gamification in educational contexts differ, which leads to different derivations for pedagogical practice—but also allows for different perspectives on initially controversial positions. Being aware of these assumptions is the claim of a reflexive pedagogy. With regard to the pedagogical use of gamifying elements and their empirical investigation, there are three main anchor points to consider from a reflexive stance: (a) the high context-specificity of the teaching undertaken and (b) the (non-)visibility of the design elements and (c) the (non-)acceptance of the gamified elements by the students. We start by providing a discussion of the definitional discourse on what is understood as gamification leading to our argument for a non-definition of gamification. We describe the potential of this non-definition of gamification and exemplify its use in a gamified concept of teaching police recruits professional reflexivity. The concept features the narrative of a potential crime that has been undertaken and that students decide for themselves if they want to engage with it.
Phylogenetic position of Sphincterodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) with description of a second species from Pantanal, Brazil
Authors: Achatz T.J. , Bell J.A. , Melo F.T.V. , Fecchio A. , Tkach V.V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sphincterodiplostomum is a monotypic genus of diplostomid digeneans that parasitize fish-eating birds in the neotropics. The type species Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum has a unique, dorsal, tubular invagination in the opisthosoma with a muscular sphincter. Whereas larvae of S. musculosum are relatively commonly reported in Neotropical fish helminth surveys, adult specimens from birds are rarely collected. Prior to our study, no DNA sequence data for S. musculosum were available. Our molecular and morphological study of mature and immature adult Sphincterodiplostomum specimens from three species of birds and one species of crocodilian revealed the presence of at least two species of Sphincterodiplostomum in the neotropics. We provide the first molecular phylogeny of the Diplostomoidea that includes Sphincterodiplostomum. In addition, this is the first record of S. musculosum from caimans, along with the first record of fully mature adult S. musculosum from green kingfisher Chloroceryle americana. The new species of Sphincterodiplostomum (Sphincterodiplostomum joaopinhoi n. sp.) can be morphologically distinguished from S. musculosum based on the anterior extent of vitelline follicles, narrower prosoma, substantially smaller holdfast organ and structure of tegumental spines. Our data revealed 0.7% interspecific divergence in 28S and 10.6–11.7% divergence in cox1 sequences between the two Sphincterodiplostomum species.
Ontogenetic shifts and sexual dimorphism in the brain organization of the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula
Authors: Roussos Ioannis , Megalofonou Persefoni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated ontogenetic and sexual changes of the brain scaling as well as the scaling and the relative size of six major brain areas in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula from the Mediterranean Sea. The brain somatic index (0.31–1.25%) did not differ significantly between sexes but was significantly affected by size with smaller specimens exhibiting higher values. Brain growth exhibited negative allometry (allometric coefficient 0.634), not affected by sex or maturity status. The brain growth rate was found to be higher compared with a previous study from the Atlantic Ocean. Regarding the scaling of the brain areas, the olfactory bulbs scaled with positive allometry, the telencephalon and the diencephalon scaled with the same rate of negative allometry, the mesencephalon exhibited even higher negative allometry, while the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata both followed a close-to-isometric growth pattern. Immature S. canicula possessed a larger mesencephalon and diencephalon, highlighting the importance of vision in this life period, while mature specimens had enlarged olfactory bulbs, indicating that olfaction may be more important after the animal attains sexual maturity. In respect of sexual dimorphism, males had a larger cerebellum and medulla oblongata, while females had enlarged telencephalon and olfactory bulbs.
Phonetic discrimination, phonological awareness, and pre-literacy skills in Spanish–English dual language preschoolers
Authors: SMITH Sara A. , LEON GUERRERO Sibylla , SURRAIN Sarah , LUK Gigi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study explores variation in phonemic representation among Spanish–English dual language learners (DLLs, n = 60) who were dominant in English or in Spanish. Children were given a phonetic discrimination task with speech sounds that: 1) occur in English and Spanish, 2) are exclusive to English, and 3) are exclusive to Russian, during Fall (age m = 57 months) and Spring (age m = 62 months, n = 42). In Fall, English-dominant DLLs discriminated more accurately than Spanish-dominant DLLs between English-Spanish phones and English-exclusive phones. Both groups discriminated Russian phones at or close to chance. In Spring, however, groups no longer differed in discriminating English-exclusive phones and both groups discriminated Russian phones above chance. Additionally, joint English-Spanish and English-exclusive phonetic discrimination predicted children's phonological awareness in both groups. Results demonstrate plasticity in early childhood through diverse language exposure and suggest that phonemic representation begins to emerge driven by lexical restructuring.
THE METRIC PROJECTIONS ONTO CLOSED CONVEX CONES IN A HILBERT SPACE
Authors: Qiu Yanqi , Wang Zipeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the metric projection onto the closed convex cone in a real Hilbert space
$\mathscr {H}$
generated by a sequence
$\mathcal {V} = \{v_n\}_{n=0}^\infty $
. The first main result of this article provides a sufficient condition under which the closed convex cone generated by
$\mathcal {V}$
coincides with the following set:
$$ \begin{align*} \mathcal{C}[[\mathcal{V}]]: = \bigg\{\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n v_n\Big|a_n\geq 0,\text{ the series }\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n v_n\text{ converges in } \mathscr{H}\bigg\}. \end{align*} $$
Then, by adapting classical results on general convex cones, we give a useful description of the metric projection onto
$\mathcal {C}[[\mathcal {V}]]$
. As an application, we obtain the best approximations of many concrete functions in
$L^2([-1,1])$
by polynomials with nonnegative coefficients.
Molecular Signatures of Glacial Dissolved Organic Matter From Svalbard and Greenland
Authors: Kellerman Anne M. , Vonk Jorien , McColaugh Stephanie , Podgorski David C. , van Winden Elise , Hawkings Jon R. , Johnston Sarah Ellen , Humayun Munir , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlaciers and ice sheets cover over 10 % of Earth's land surface area and store a globally significant amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is highly bioavailable when exported to proglacial environments. Recent rapid glacier mass loss is hypothesized to have increased fluxes of DOM from these environments, yet the molecular composition of glacially derived DOM has only been studied for a handful of glaciers. We determine DOM composition using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry from a diverse suite of Arctic glacial environments, including time series sampling from an ice sheet catchment in Greenland (Russell Glacier) and outflow from valley glaciers in catchments with varying degrees of glacial cover in Svalbard. Samples from the Greenland outflow time series exhibited a higher degree of similarity than glacier outflow between glaciers in Svalbard; however, supraglacial meltwater samples from Greenland and Svalbard were more similar to each other than corresponding glacial outflow. Outflow from Russell Glacier was enriched in polyphenolic formulae, potentially reflecting upstream inputs from plants and soils, or inputs from paleosols overridden by the ice sheet, whereas Svalbard rivers exhibited a high level of molecular richness and dissimilarity between sites. When comparing DOM compositional analyses from other aquatic systems, aliphatic, and peptide‐like formulae appear particularly abundant in supraglacial meltwater, suggesting the DOM quickly metabolized in previous incubations of glacial water originates from energy‐rich supraglacial sources. Therefore, as glaciers lose mass across the region, higher‐quality fuel for microbial degradation will increase heterotrophy in coastal systems with ramifications for carbon cycling.
Practical Data‐Driven Flood Forecasting Based on Dynamical Systems Theory
Authors: Okuno Shunya , Ikeuchi Koji , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractData‐driven flood forecasting methods are useful, especially for rivers that lack information required for building physical models. Although the former methods can forecast river stages using only past water levels and rainfall data, they cannot easily predict unprecedented water levels and require a large amount of data to build accurate models. We focus on phase‐space reconstruction approaches based on dynamical systems theory and develop a practical data‐driven forecasting method to overcome existing problems. The proposed method can predict unprecedented water levels owing to a proposed correction term, and provide forecasts using only a small number of water level increase events. We applied the proposed method to data from actual rivers and it achieved the best forecast performance among existing data‐driven methods, including a multilayer perceptron, and a conventional method based on phase‐space reconstruction. In addition, the proposed method forecasted the exceedance of the evacuation warning level 6 h earlier for small and steep rivers. Given its performance and maintainability, the proposed method can be applied to many gauged rivers to facilitate early evacuation.
Prospective randomized pharmacogenetic study of topiramate for treating alcohol use disorder
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Morris Paige E. , Pond Timothy , Crist Richard C. , Kampman Kyle M. , Hartwell Emily E. , Lynch Kevin G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a prior study, topiramate reduced heavy drinking among individuals who sought to reduce their drinking, with the effect moderated by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs2832407) in GRIK1, which encodes the kainate GluK1 receptor subunit (Kranzler et al. 2014). The present study sought to replicate prospectively the effect of topiramate and rs2832407 in patients with DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) who sought to reduce or stop their drinking. We stratified the randomization on genotype (rs2832407*C-allele homozygotes vs. A-allele carriers) and assigned 170 European-American participants (71.2% male) to receive 12 weeks of treatment with topiramate (N  = 85), at a maximal daily dosage of 200 mg, or matching placebo (N = 85). At each of nine treatment visits participants received brief counseling to reduce drinking and increase abstinent days. We hypothesized that topiramate-treated patients with the rs2832407*CC genotype would reduce heavy drinking days (HDDs) more than the other three groups. The rate of treatment completion was 91.8% in both groups. The mean number of HDDs per week in the placebo group was 1.67 (95% CI = (1.29, 2.16), p = 0.0001) times greater than in the topiramate group, which was confirmed by the topiramate group’s significantly greater reduction in the concentration of the liver enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase and lower alcohol-related problems score. There was no significant difference in topiramate’s effect on HDDs between genotype groups. Although consistent with other studies showing a reduction in heavy drinking with topiramate treatment, the prior finding of a moderating effect of rs2832407 genotype was not replicated in this prospective trial.
Rab22a-NeoF1 fusion protein promotes osteosarcoma lung metastasis through its secretion into exosomes
Authors: Zhong Li , Liao Dan , Li Jingjing , Liu Wenqiang , Wang Jingxuan , Zeng Cuiling , Wang Xin , Cao Zhiliang , Zhang Ruhua , Li Miao , Jiang Kuntai , Zeng Yi-Xin , Sui Jianhua , Kang Tiebang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt remains unknown for decades how some of the therapeutic fusion proteins positive in a small percentage of cancer cells account for patient outcome. Here, we report that osteosarcoma Rab22a-NeoF1 fusion protein, together with its binding partner PYK2, is sorted into exosomes by HSP90 via its KFERQ-like motif (RVLFLN142). The exosomal Rab22a-NeoF1 fusion protein facilitates the pulmonary pre-metastatic niche formation by recruiting bone marrow-derived macrophages. The exosomal PYK2 activates RhoA in its negative recipient osteosarcoma cells and induces signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation in its recipient macrophages to increase M2 phenotype. Consequently, lung metastases of its recipient osteosarcoma cells are promoted by this exosomal Rab22a-NeoF1 fusion protein, and this event can be targeted by disrupting its interaction with PYK2 using a designed internalizing RGD peptide.