bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of CT Radiomics Nomogram Analysis of Parenchyma Surrounding Pulmonary Nodules in the Differentiation of Inflammatory Nodules from Tuberculous Nodules
Authors: Fan WeiJie , Mu Ke , Zhang Si , Yang Yan , Yu Li , Huang WenJie , Wen Li , Liu Huan , Zhang Dong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the value of CT Radiomics nomogram based on pulmonary nodules and surrounding parenchyma in differentiating non-tuberculous inflammatory pulmonary nodules from tuberculous nodules.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 273 patients with pulmonarynodules confirmed by surgery and pathology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University from January 2015 to March 2021, including 164 cases of non-tuberculous inflammatory nodules and 109 cases of tuberculous nodules.Pulmonary nodule (ROI1), 3mm parenchymal band around nodule (ROI2) and nodules with external expansion (ROI3) were segmented andradiomic features were extracted by A.K. software. The stability of the features was analyzed by ICC, and the features were divided into the training set and the verification set by random stratified sampling according to the ratio of 7:3. The radiomics label was constructed by using the maximum relevance and minimum redundancy method (mRMR) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) after two dimensional reduction.Finally, multiple Logistic regression analysis was conducted to select the optimal model among the three models, and the classification model including the radiomicfeatures and clinical risk factors was established.The identification effectiveness of the model was evaluated in terms of average area under curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, and was independently validated in a validation cohort.Results: There was significant difference in the type of pulmonary nodules between the two groups (p< 0.05). Nodules with external expansion model has the best diagnostic performance, and combined with clinical features (nodular type) to construct a classification model.The AUC of both the training cohort and the validation cohort was 0.93. Decision curve analysis showed that the radiomics nomogram had good value in classification of the two categories of nodules.Conclusions: The CT radiomics nomogram based on nodule plus surrounding substance has good performance in judging non-tuberculous inflammatory nodules and tuberculous nodules, which can provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and has good clinical application value and development prospect.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Individuals with Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rural China: A Screening Study
Authors: Xin Henan , Zhang Haoran , Cao Xuefang , Liu Jianmin , Pan Shouguo , Du Ying , Feng Boxuan , Guan Ling , Shen Fei , Liu Zisen , Wang Dakuan , Guan Xueling , Zhang Zhanjiang , Yan Jiaoxia , Quan Zhusheng , Jin Qi , Gao Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Individuals with pulmonary fibrotic radiological lesions, indicating prior tuberculosis (TB), have been suggested to be at high likelihood of developing active disease from latent TB infection (LTBI). The burden of LTBI among this specific population has been rarely studied in China.Methods: We conducted a population-based screening study to investigate the prevalence of fibrotic radiological lesions and their TB infection rate among rural residents in China. Chest radiography examination was performed for all eligible participants, and Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) testing was conducted for those with a history of anti-TB treatment and those with radiographic abnormalities suggestive of prior TB. Risk factors associated with the present of fibrosis and IGRA positivity were analyzed.Results: A total of 45,901 rural residents participated in the study, 2,231 of them reported a history of anti-TB treatment. The prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis was 34.16% (762/2,231) and 2.81% (1,230/43,670) among the participants with and without anti-TB treatment. The present of fibrosis was found to be more frequent among individuals with a history of relapse of TB (50.35%, 72/143) or previous smear positive TB (44.23%,157/355). Among participants with fibrotic radiological lesions, IGRA positivity was 50.39% (384/762) and 25.44% (313/1,230) for those with and without anti-TB treatment records, respectively. Males, younger age and a previous smear positive TB were associated with higher IGRA positivity among individuals with anti-TB treatment record.Conclusions: Individuals with fibrotic radiological lesions and their remarkably high burden of TB infection should be attached more attention for TB control in China.
Prognostic Impact of the Number of Peritumoral Alveolar Macrophages in Patients With Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Noritake Osamu , Aokage Keiju , Suzuki Ayako , Tane Kenta , Miyoshi Tomohiro , Samejima Joji , Yoshikawa Toyohumi , Nakai Tokiko , Tsuboi Masahiro , Ishii Genichiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose:Intratumoral macrophages are reportedly involved in tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer; however, little is known about the prognostic impact and function of alveolar macrophages (AMs). This study aims to investigate the prognostic impact of the number of peritumoral AMs in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:We investigated 514 patients with pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma who underwent complete resection with lobectomy or pneumonectomy. The number of peritumoral AMs were counted, and patients were classified into two groups based on the number of peritumoral AMs. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of stage I lung adenocarcinoma, we compared gene expression profiles of high and low peritumoral AM contents.Results:The median number of peritumoral AMs per alveolar space was 15.5. Patients with a high peritumoral AM content had significantly shorter disease-free survival and overall survival than patients with a low peritumoral AM content (both p < 0.01). In the multivariate analyses, a higher number of peritumoral AMs was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.02). The analysis of TCGA database revealed that patients with a high peritumoral AM content had shorter disease-free survival than those with a low peritumoral AM content (p = 0.04). Gene expression analysis of TCGA stage I lung adenocarcinoma revealed enrichment of biological processes, such as chemotaxis and epithelial proliferation, in patients with a high peritumoral AM content.Conclusion:The number of peritumoral AMs had a strong impact on disease-free survival in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
Functional Analysis of a Viral Promoter From the Strawberry Vein Banding Virus (SVBV) Chinese Isolate
Authors: Jiang Lei , Chen Jing , Yang You-zhi , Li Rui , Li Shuang , Wang Zhan-qi , Jiang Tong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPromoter is an important factor during gene expression in cells. In this study, we cloned a full-length promoter from the strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) Chinese isolate and produced several its deletion mutants.MethodsThe full-length promoter of SVBV (SP1) and its three deletion mutants (SP2, SP3, and SP4) were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression activities controlled by the SVBV SP1, SP2, SP3, and SP4 were evaluated using β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes.ResultsOur transient expression assays showed that the SVBV SP1 promoter as well as its three deletion mutants all expressed the reporter genes, but to very different levels. Interestingly, the expression activity driven by the SP1 promoter was much higher than that shown by the CaMV 35S promoter. After stable transformation of a GUS gene into Nicotiana tabacum plants, the transgene expression level driven by the SVBV SP1 promoter was about 2.6-fold greater than that driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. In addition, the GUS gene expression levels could be enhanced by co-infiltrating the plants with the SP1 promoter-driven vector carrying the GUS gene and the vector expressing the SVBV ORF V or ORF VI.Conclusions﻿The SVBV Chinese isolate promoter SP1 is a stronger promoter than the CaMV 35S and FLt-US promoter, may be more useful for production of stable transgenic plants.
Pd-catalyzed Cyanation of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate with 2-(piperidin-1- yl)acetonitrile as CN Source Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Siddique , Shafiq Zahid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study reports a new organic CN reagent, 2-(piperidin-1-yl)acetonitrile which could cyanate commercially aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate with Palladium as catalyst under mild reaction conditions. A large substrate scope for Pd-catalyzed cyanation of aromatic diazonium substrates was found, yielding cyanated products in medium to high amounts (50%‒88%). An attempt is also made to modify the method for preparation of etravirine and strategies for the transformations of 2-cyanoindole which are used as anti-AIDS, NMDA receptor antagonists and have high potential against mutant HIV strains. The mechanism of this Pd-catalyzed cyanation of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate involved CN ions construction was proved by paper indicator strategy. However, Pd/(Me3Si)2 system has been identified to cleave C − CN bond at low temperature and transferred the CN group to aryl ring of diazonium substrate in one pot.
New Risk Scoring System for Predicting 3-month Mortality after Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Sakamoto Susumu , Shimizu Hiroshige , Isshiki Takuma , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Usui Yusuke , Kurosaki Atsuko , Takai Yujiro , Homma Sakae , Isobe Kazutoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is often fatal. A straightforward staging system for AE-IPF would improve prognostication, guide patient management, and facilitate research. The aim of study is to develop a multidimensional prognostic AE-IPF staging system that uses commonly measured clinical variables. This retrospective study analyzed data from 353 consecutive patients with IPF admitted to our hospital during the period from January 2008 through January 2018. Multivariate analysis of information from a database of 103 recorded AE-IPF cases was used to identify factors associated with 3-month mortality. A clinical prediction model for AE-IPF was developed by using these retrospective data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of this model. Logistic regression analysis showed that PaO2/FiO2 ratio, diffuse HRCT pattern, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with 3-month mortality; thus, PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 250 (P), CRP ≥ 5.5 (C), and diffuse HRCT pattern (radiological) (R) were included in the final model. A model using continuous predictors and a simple point-scoring system (PCR index) was developed. For the PCR index, the area under the ROC curve was 0.7686 (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity of the scoring system was 78.6% and specificity was 67.8%. The PCR index identified four severity grades (0, 1, 2, and 3), which were associated with a 3-month mortality of 7.7%, 29.4%, 54.8%, and 80%, respectively. The present PCR models using commonly measured clinical and radiologic variables predicted 3-month mortality in patients with AE-IPF.
Early Feeding Practices and Body Mass Index Z-Score among Saudi Preschoolers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mosli Rana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesTo characterize early feeding practices among mothers in Saudi Arabia and examine their associations with child birthweight and BMI z-score (BMIz) at preschool. Study DesignCross-sectional study. MethodsMother-child dyads (n=209) were recruited from different preschools around the city of Jeddah. Mothers completed the study questionnaire over the telephone and preschoolers’ anthropometric measurements were objectively measured. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize early feeding practices. Bivariate analyses and linear regression were used to examine the association of early feeding practices with child birthweight and BMIz at preschool. ResultsThe majority of mothers (92.3%) initiated breastfeeding, with an average duration of 9.34 months (SD= 8.04). About half of the mothers reported that they have offered fruit juice and/or date syrup-milk mixture in a baby bottle (52.2% and 45.9% respectively), with an average duration of 11.5 months (SD= 7.73) and 5.90 months (SD= 6.13), respectively. Children who were offered fruit juice and/or date syrup-milk mixture in a baby bottle had significantly lower birthweights compared to children who were not (M= 2.79, SD= 0.59 vs. M= 3.06, SD=0.69, P< 0.01 and M= 2.79, SD= 0.67 vs. M= 3.03, SD=0.62, P< 0.01, respectively). There was a negative association between introducing fruit juice in a baby bottle and child BMIz at preschool (b: 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.83, -0.11); This association was not significant after adjusting for child birthweight and other covariates (b: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.64, 0.09). ConclusionLongitudinal and interventions studies are needed to inform counseling guidelines and community campaigns in order to improve early feeding practices in the region.
Conducting Public Health Surveillance in Areas of Armed Conflict and Restricted Population Access: A Qualitative Case Study of Polio Surveillance in Conflict-affected Areas of Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Wiesen Eric , Dankoli Raymond , Musa Melton , Higgins Jeff , Forbi Joseph , Manu Jibrin , Ndadilnasiya Endie , Ogunbodede Oladapo , Mohammed Kabiru , Adamu Usman , Pinsker Eve 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study examined the impact of armed conflict on public health surveillance systems, the limitations of traditional surveillance in this context, and innovative strategies to overcome these limitations. A qualitative case study was conducted to examine the factors affecting the functioning of poliovirus surveillance in conflict-affected areas of Borno state, Nigeria using semi-structured interviews of a purposeful sample of participants. The main inhibitors of surveillance were inaccessibility, the destroyed health infrastructure, and the destroyed communication network. These three challenges created a situation in which the traditional polio surveillance system could not function. Three strategies to overcome these challenges were viewed by respondents as the most impactful. First, local community informants were recruited to conduct surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis in children in the inaccessible areas. Second, the informants engaged in local-level negotiation with the insurgency groups to bring children with paralysis to accessible areas for investigation and sample collection. Third, GIS technology was used to track the places reached for surveillance and vaccination and to estimate the size and location of the inaccessible population.A modified monitoring system tracked tailored indicators including the number of places reached for surveillance and the number of acute flaccid paralysis cases detected and investigated, and utilized GIS technology to map the reach of the program. The surveillance strategies used in Borno were successful in increasing surveillance sensitivity in an area of protracted conflict and inaccessibility. This approach and some of the specific strategies may be useful in other areas of armed conflict.
Neutrophil Side Fluorescence: A New Indicator for Predicting the Severity of Patients with Bronchiectasis
Authors: Wang Jinhong , Chen Youming , Li Shiqi , Yu Chunxiao , Jie Hongyu , Han Xinai , Zou Shujing , Tan Quanguang , Luo Shugeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Neutrophilic inflammation in the airway is a hallmark of bronchiectasis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of bronchiectasis. Neutrophil side fluorescence is one of the characteristics of neutrophils that can reflect the activation of neutrophils and the formation of NETs.Objective: To explore the relationship between the values of neutrophil side fluorescence (NEUT-SFL) in the peripheral blood of bronchiectasis patients, and the severity of the disease.Methods: 82 patients with bronchiectasis from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University and were scored with Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) (2019-2021). The clinical data such as the value of NEUT-SFL, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin levels were collected and retrospectively analyzed. NEUT-SFL values neutrophil count from 28 healthy subjects were also used to ascertain cut-off values. A single-sample SW test was used to test the normality for the data. The independent sample T-test was performed on the normal data, and Chi-square test and non-parametric test were used for non-normally distributed data and count data. The Pearson correlation analysis method was used for analyzing the correlation between each group of data.Results: Based on the BSI scores, patients were divided into three categories as mild (32%), moderate (29%), and severe (39%). Our results showed that the values of NEUT-SFL were higher in bronchiectasis patients compared to healthy controls. The levels of NEUT-SFL positively correlated with the high BSI scores in patients (P = 0.037, r = 0.23) and negatively correlated with the lung function in these patients (r = -0.35, P = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.813, the best cut-off was 42.145, indicating that NEUT-SFL values >42.145 can potentially predict the severity of bronchiectasis. Conclusions: The values of NEUT-SFL in the peripheral blood can be used for predicting the severity of bronchiectasis.
CT Imaging Manifestations of Tubercular Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Xing Xiaona , Sun Zhonghua , Chen Li , Zhu Zhishan , Zhang Nan , Xiong Wei , Li Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tubercular aortic aneurysm is a rare complication of tuberculosis but associated with very high mortality. Early diagnosis is critical, however, it is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms. This study summarized the CT features of tubercular aortic aneurysm in order to assist timely clinical diagnosis. Seventeen patients with confirmed tubercular aortic aneurysm between 2016 and 2020 were included in this study. The clinical manifestations, past medical history, laboratory and imaging examinations, treatments and other data were collected. CT angiography was routinely performed in all patients. Clinical and CT imaging data was collected and analyzed. All tuberculous aneurysms were pseudoaneurysms, which were located in the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, junction of thoracic and abdominal aorta or iliac aorta. The shapes of aneurysms were saccular or lobular. The diameter of aneurysm ranged from 30 to 120 mm. Thirteen patients had atherosclerosis. Mural thrombus was shown in 14 patients. Twelve patients showed enlarged lymph nodes which were found closely related to the aneurysm. Nine patients had tuberculous spondylitis including tuberculosis of thoracic lumbar and lumbosacral spine. Psoas abscess was showed in four patients and iliopsoas abscess was in one patient. Compared with other infectious aneurysms, tuberculous aneurysms typically show more cystic and lobulated shapes on CT scan, which are imaged as poured and unstressed. Another point of differential diagnosis is that the surrounding tissues and adjacent organs of tubercular aneurysms are usually infected with tuberculosis and most of them are accompanied by other sites of tuberculosis.
Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome With Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly in a Family
Authors: Qiu Jiayong , Lou Yao , Zhu Yingwei , Wang Min , Peng Huifang , Hao Yingying , Jiang Hongwei , Mao Yimin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome (BHD syndrome) and congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) or Beals Hecht Syndrome (BHS) are clinically rare autosomal dominant genetic diseases. In this study, we find an extremely rare family with BHD Syndrome with CCA.Objective To investigate the clinical and genetic variation characteristics of a family with BHD Syndrome with CCA.Methods The patient was examined for chest Computed Tomography (CT), abdominal and heart color ultrasound, rheumatism immune-related indexes, and hand Direct Digital Radiography (DR), and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed on family members.Results The proband, male, developed symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath, accompanied by irritant cough 2 years ago, and then repeated spontaneous pneumothorax four times. Chest CT showed: spontaneous pneumothorax on the right side, emphysema in both lungs, and bullae in both lungs. No manifestations of kidney tumors and skin lesions. His son had a history of pulmonary bullobes and occurred spontaneous pneumothorax twice. He, his mother, and his son were all born with a hand deformity. Sequencing results showed that both the proband and his son were folliculin (FLCN) gene c.1015C>T（p.Gln339Ter） heterozygous variation, Fibrillin 2 gene (FBN2) gene c.3485G>A（p.Cys1162Tyr） heterozygous variation, associated with BHD syndrome and CCA.Conclusion For patients with chest tightness, shortness of breath, recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, and congenital hand deformity without inducement, genetic testing should be carried out as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis, which can guide treatment and genetic counseling.
Reducing the Amount of M1 Microglia by Inhibiting CXCR4 and iNOS Exerts Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Qu Wenhao , Cheng Ying , Peng Wei , Rui Tongyu , Luo Chengliang , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Early inflammation is a significant factor in acute pathophysiological events of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although there have been numerous studies of neuroinflammation and SAH, the effect of M1 microglia on the progressions of neuroinflammation in SAH remains non-elucidated. CXCR4 is thought to be the critical regulator of the migration and recruitment of microglia, and early studies found that iNOS/NO• does represent an effective ferroptosis regulator and leads to the M1 microglia more resistant to the initiator of ferroptosis. Thus, we investigated the effect of AMD3100 (a highly selective antagonist of CXCR4) and L-NIL (an inhibitor of iNOS) on neuroinflammation in a rat SAH model. We found AMD3100 could suppress the migration of M1 microglia through the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway. Treatment of AMD3100 could decrease the level of related inflammation factors and improved the prognosis within 24 h after SAH. Moreover, L-NIL could inhibit the expression of (i)NOS and promote the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins and the degree of lipid peroxidation. Importantly, the combination of AMD3100 and L-NIL could reduce the quantity of M1 microglia in the injured brain area and reduce the secretion of related inflammatory factors to improve the prognosis. To sum up, these data indicate that inhibiting CXCR4 and iNOS following SAH produces cerebral protection, and its anti-inflammation provides a potential therapeutic target for treating SAH.