bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal structure and textural properties of a milk protein composite gel construct produced by three‐dimensional printing
Authors: Yang Fan , Cui Ying , Guo Yang , Yang Wenjian , Liu Xiao , Liu Xingxun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is an emerging technology that can be used to fabricate food products composed of milk protein composite gel with desired structures. In this study, the products were printed by an extrusion‐based 3D printer with the variation of perimeters (3, 5, and 7), infill patterns (Hilbert curve, honeycomb, and rectilinear), and infill levels (10%, 40%, and 70%). The textural properties, geometrical accuracy, and internal structure of the products were evaluated by texture analyzer, camera, and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The geometrical accuracies of products were all apparently close to 100%. Gumminess and hardness were bound with the infill level and perimeters. However, the gumminess and hardness were not associated with the infill pattern, which was created to fill the products. In addition, only the infill percentage affected Young's modulus and firmness. Products exhibited uniform internal structures, and the hardness of products with 100% infill level was still lower than that of nonprinted material. Three‐dimensional extrusion behavior will modify the textural and structural properties of products by adjusting the infill level and perimeters, offering a new method for improving the biophysics of sensory properties of products that are suitable for people with different chewing abilities.Practical ApplicationMilk protein composite gel, also called “milk cube,” is a delicious snack that is widely consumed around the world. This study aimed to explore the effect of internal structure on the texture and geometrical accuracy of printed milk protein composite gel when different perimeters, infill patterns, and levels were used. This study proved that 3D food printing technology can provide a new way to modify the texture of the printed food by regulating and controlling perimeters, infill patterns, and levels to fill the printed products. This kind of printed food can be designed for people with different chewing abilities.
Effect of flavonoids from Lycium barbarum leaves on the oxidation of myofibrillar proteins in minced mutton during chilled storage
Authors: Niu Yinhong , Chen Jinghua , Fan Yanli , Kou Tingting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we report the effect of flavonoids from Lycium barbarum leaves (LBLF) on myofibrillar proteins (MP) in minced mutton during chilled storage (4 ± 1 ℃). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the total flavonoid content in LBLF was 322.0 mg/g, of which the rutin content was 297.6 mg/g. The effect of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% LBLF on the structure and thermodynamic properties of MP in minced mutton was studied systematically. Tyrosine and tryptophan of MP samples treated with LBLF were converted from an exposed state to an embedded state. The interaction between LBLF and MP quenched the internal fluorescence, and improved the thermal stability of MP. The addition of LBLF significantly reduced the carbonyl and sulfhydryl contents of MP (p < 0.05), and decreased the surface hydrophobicity of MP in a dose‐dependent manner. Our results indicate that LBLF can combine with free radicals produced by protein oxidation, block the free radical oxidation chain reaction, and inhibit the oxidation of MP. Therefore, LBLF may have great potential as a natural antioxidant in meats and meat products during chilled storage.Practical ApplicationLycium barbarum is widely distributed in China, especially in Qinghai and Ningxia. The results of this study suggest that flavonoids extracted from L. barbarum leaves may be an effective natural antioxidant for the preservation of meats and meat products.
A new algorithm for reconstructing tree height growth with stem analysis data
Authors: Salas‐Eljatib Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStem analysis allows us to obtain an abundant amount of information on tree growth. A couple of algorithms exist to utilize section height and growth ring data for reconstructing height and age time‐series information.I evaluated two alternatives, a well‐known and a newly proposed algorithm using stem analysis data of four species, including deciduous and evergreen broadleaves and a conifer. I reconstructed height–age pairs by both algorithms. I fit height growth equations in a mixed‐effects model framework for each species, using the generated data with the respective algorithm. Comparisons considered confidence intervals of the estimated parameters, as well as regression‐based equivalence tests.Results showed that the fitted growth models obtained from both stem analysis algorithms were statistically equivalent. However, the proposed algorithm is simpler and thus provides a useful alternative to current methods.Based on the findings, I recommend using this new stem analysis algorithm to reconstruct tree height growth with stem analysis data.
Gut‐restricted apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor attenuates alcohol‐induced liver steatosis and injury in mice
Authors: Matye David J. , Li Yuan , Chen Cheng , Chao Xiaojuan , Wang Huaiwen , Ni Hongmin , Ding Wen‐Xing , Li Tiangang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that human and experimental alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) is robustly associated with dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis, which may in turn modulate disease severity. Pharmacological agents targeting bile acid metabolism and signaling may be potential therapeutics for ALD.MethodsThe potential beneficial effects of a gut‐restricted apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor were studied in a chronic‐plus‐binge ALD mouse model.ResultsBlocking intestinal bile acid reabsorption by the gut‐restricted ASBT inhibitor GSK2330672 attenuated hepatic steatosis and liver injury in a chronic‐plus‐binge ALD mouse model. Alcohol feeding is associated with intestinal bile acid accumulation but paradoxically impaired ileal farnesoid × receptor (FXR) function, and repressed hepatic cholesterol 7α‐hydrolase (CYP7A1) expression despite decreased hepatic small heterodimer partner (SHP) and ileal fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) expression. ASBT inhibitor treatment decreased intestinal bile acid accumulation and increased hepatic CYP7A1 expression, but further decreased ileal FXR activity. Alcohol feeding induces serum bile acid concentration that strongly correlates with a liver injury marker. However, alcohol‐induced serum bile acid elevation is not due to intrahepatic bile acid accumulation but is strongly and positively associated with hepatic multidrug resistance‐associated protein 3 (MRP4) and MRP4 induction but poorly associated with sodium‐taurocholate cotransporting peptide (NTCP) expression. ASBT inhibitor treatment decreases serum bile acid concentration without affecting hepatocyte basolateral bile acid uptake and efflux transporters.ConclusionASBT inhibitor treatment corrects alcohol‐induced bile acid dysregulation and attenuates liver injury in experimental ALD.
Alopecia‐mental retardation syndrome: Molecular genetics of a rare neuro‐dermal disorder
Authors: Muzammal Muhammad , Ahmad Safeer , Ali Muhammad Zeeshan , Khan Muzammil Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlopecia‐mental retardation syndrome (APMR) is a rare autosomal recessive neuro‐dermal disorder. It is characterized by heterogeneous phenotypic features, that is, absence of hair on the scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows and mild to severe intellectual disability. So far, approximately 14 families (i.e., Iranian, Pakistani, and Swiss) with APMR have been reported in the scientific literature. Its precise prevalence is still unknown, but according to a predictive estimate, it prevails with the ratio of 1 in 1,000,000 persons worldwide. Until now, only four loci (two characterized and two uncharacterized) have been reported to be involved in APMR. The pathogenic variants in alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein [AHSG; APMR1 (MIM#203650)] and lanosterol synthase [LSS; APMR4 (MIM#618840)] are the characterized genetic factors associated with APMR. Among them, AHSG was reported in a consanguineous Iranian family and LSS gene in a Swiss origin family, while the remaining two uncharacterized loci, that is, APMR2 and APMR3, are reported in the Pakistani population. The current mini‐report discusses the molecular genetics and mutational spectrum of APMR syndrome, its differential diagnosis from related disorders, and prediction of plausible candidate genes in two uncharacterized loci.
Waterlogging tolerance of the common reedsPhragmites mauritianusandP. australis
Authors: Naidoo Gonasageran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study compared the responses ofPhragmites mauritianusandP. australisto waterlogging stress for 5 months. Plants were subjected to a 2 × 4 factorial experiment with two species and four soil moisture regimes: well drained (WD), half flooded (½F), flooded/drained at weekly intervals (F/D) and continuously flooded (F). Soil redox potential (Eh) was high in the WD (+138 to +126 mV) and low in the F treatments (−360 to −401 mV). Flooding increased plant height, number of culms, shoot elongation and total dry biomass accumulation in both species. In the flooded treatments, there was greater biomass allocation to above ground than below ground components, which contributed to increases in above‐ground/below‐ground ratios. In the flooded treatments, specific gravity of culms decreased by 18% inP. australisand by 10% inP. mauritianusindicating greater aerenchyma with waterlogging. In both reeds, flooding induced numerous adventitious roots from the base of the culms. In the F treatments, plant height, number of culms, total dry biomass accumulation and aerenchyma development were greater inP. australisthan inP. mauritianus. These data suggest thatP. australishas a competitive edge overP. mauritianusunder waterlogged conditions.
Non‐traditional Banking Activities and Bank Financial Reporting Quality
Authors: Guo Mengyang , Jin Justin , Liu Yi , Nainar S. M. Khalid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe examine whether and how non‐traditional banking activities affect the quality of banks’ financial reporting. We find that a bank’s ratio of non‐interest income (derived from non‐traditional activities) to total operating income is positively and significantly associated with the magnitude of discretionary loan loss provisions, our proxy for financial reporting quality.
Validation of a perioperative population factor VIII pharmacokinetic model with a large cohort of pediatric hemophilia a patients
Authors: Preijers Tim , Liesner Ri , Hazendonk Hendrika C. A. M. , Chowdary Pratima , Driessens Mariëtte H. E. , Hart Dan P. , Laros‐van Gorkom Britta A. P. , van der Meer Felix J. M. , Meijer Karina , Fijnvandraat Karin , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Cnossen Marjon H. ,   for the “OPTI‐CLOT” study group
Published: April 2021

AimsPopulation pharmacokinetic (PK) models are increasingly applied to perform individualized dosing of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates in haemophilia A patients. To guarantee accurate performance of a population PK model in dose individualization, validation studies are of importance. However, external validation of population PK models requires independent data sets and is, therefore, seldomly performed. Therefore, this study aimed to validate a previously published population PK model for FVIII concentrates administrated perioperatively.MethodsA previously published population PK model for FVIII concentrate during surgery was validated using independent data from 87 children with severe haemophilia A with a median (range) age of 2.6 years (0.03–15.2) and body weight of 14 kg (4–57). First, the predictive performance of the previous model was evaluated with MAP Bayesian analysis using NONMEM v7.4. Subsequently, the model parameters were (re)estimated using a combined dataset consisting of the previous modelling data and the data available for the external validation.ResultsThe previous model underpredicted the measured FVIII levels with a median of 0.17 IU mL−1. Combining the new, independent and original data, a dataset comprising 206 patients with a mean age of 7.8 years (0.03–77.6) and body weight of 30 kg (4–111) was obtained. Population PK modelling provided estimates for CL, V1, V2, and Q: 171 mL h−1 68 kg−1, 2930 mL 68 kg−1, 1810 mL 68 kg−1, and 172 mL h−1 68 kg−1, respectively. This model adequately described all collected FVIII levels, with a slight median overprediction of 0.02 IU mL−1.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the importance of external validation of population PK models using real‐life data.
The total compensation gap, wage gap and benefit gap between workers with and without a disability
Authors: Hallock Kevin F. , Jin Xin , Waldman Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe wage gap between workers with and without a disability has been widely documented. However, wages and salaries account for less than 70% of the total hourly cost of compensation for an average U.S. worker. In this study, we construct a measure of total compensation by linking the American Community Survey to a restricted‐access version of the Employer Cost for Employee Compensation database, which contains detailed benefit measures for the years 2008–2014. After controlling for selection into full‐time employment and other observed characteristics, we find that the percentage total compensation gap between full‐time male workers with and without a disability is substantially larger than the percentage wage and salary gap. The opposite pattern is observed for full‐time female workers. Our results suggest that considering only wage and salary may mask the true gaps in total compensation from employment. We also document a persistent benefits gap between workers with and without a disability. We discuss possible explanatory factors for the observed patterns in total compensation and benefit gaps.
Temperamental Shyness, Frontal EEG Theta/Beta Ratio, and Social Anxiety in Children
Authors: Poole Kristie L. , Hassan Raha , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: April 2021

The authors examined how children’s frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) theta/beta ratio—an index of neurocognitive control—changed from baseline to a social stressor, and whether these EEG changes moderated the relation between temperament and anxiety. Children (N = 152; Mage = 7.82 years, 52% male, 81% White) had their EEG recorded during a baseline and speech anticipation condition. Children’s frontal theta/beta ratio decreased from baseline to speech anticipation, and this baseline‐to‐task change moderated the relation between temperamental shyness and social anxiety. Temperamental shyness was related to higher state and trait social anxiety only among children with large baseline‐to‐task decreases in theta/beta ratio. Findings are consistent with theoretical models hypothesizing that temperamentally shy children with heightened neurocognitive control may be at greater risk for anxiety.
An Efficient Hybrid Optimization Strategy for Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Bertolino Giulia , Montemurro Marco , Perry Nicolas , Pourroy Franck 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn efficient surface reconstruction strategy is presented in this study, which is able to approximate non‐convex sets of target points (TPs). The approach is split in two phases: (a) the mapping phase, making use of the shape preserving method (SPM) to get a proper parametrization of each sub‐domain composing the TPs set; (b) the fitting phase, where each patch is fitted by means of a suitable non‐uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) surface by considering, as design variables, all parameters involved in its definition. To this purpose, the surface fitting problem is formulated as a constrained non‐linear programming problem (CNLPP) defined over a domain having changing dimension, wherein both the number and the value of the design variables are optimized. To deal with this CNLPP, the optimization process is split in two steps. Firstly, a special genetic algorithm (GA) optimizes both the value and the number of design variables by means of a two‐level evolution strategy (species and individuals). Secondly, the solution provided by the GA constitutes the initial guess for the deterministic optimization, which aims at improving the accuracy of the fitting surfaces. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is proven through some meaningful benchmarks taken from the literature.
Six‐month risk of Pneumocystis pneumonia following acute cellular rejection: A case‐control study in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Hosseini‐Moghaddam Seyed M. , Shokoohi Mostafa , Singh Gagandeep , Nagpal Atul D. , Jevnikar Anthony M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at risk of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). PCP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The effect of acute T cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR) on post‐transplant PCP has not been determined yet.MethodsIn this case‐control study, we estimated the risk of PCP following acute TCMR during a lookback period of 180 days. We also determined the effects of contributing factors such as CMV infection.ResultsWe compared 15 SOT (8 kidney, 4 heart, 2 liver, and 1 kidney‐pancreas) recipients with PCP with 60 matched recipients who did not develop PCP (control group) during the study period (December 2013 to February 2016). PCP occurred after a complete course of prophylaxis (ie, late‐onset PCP) in 60% of patients. Patients with PCP frequently required intensive care unit (ICU) admission (73.3%). Post‐transplant PCP was associated with considerable allograft loss (53.4%) and mortality (26.7%). In the 6‐month lookback period, acute TCMR (OR: 13.1, 95% CI: 3.2, 53.2), and CMV infection (OR: 15.1,95% CI: 4.0, 53.2.1) were significantly associated with post‐transplant PCP.ConclusionsPost‐transplant PCP is associated with substantial risk of ICU admission, allograft failure, and mortality. Anti‐Pneumocystis prophylaxis for at least 6 months following acute TCMR may reduce the risk.
Histopathological features of fibrous cephalic plaques in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Treichel Alison M , Pithadia Deeti J , Lee Chyi‐Chia R , Oyerinde Oyetewa , Moss Joel , Darling Thomas N 
Published: April 2021

AimsFibrous cephalic plaques (FCPs) in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) may be excised for cosmetic reasons or biopsied to confirm lesion identification and TSC diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the range of histopathological features of FCPs.Methods and resultsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 119 adults with TSC. Twenty‐one lesions from 16 individuals were evaluated by a dermatopathologist. Additionally, we assessed whether lesion colour or histology varied by anatomical location. Seventy‐six lesions were observed in 36 of 119 individuals. Erythematous lesions were more commonly found on the forehead, face or neck than on the scalp (odds ratio = 12.6, P = 0.0001). Thickened and disorganised collagen fibre bundles were present in 95% (20/21) of lesions. Perifollicular fibrosis was observed in 95% (20/21) of lesions, enhanced vascularity was observed in 52% (11/21) of lesions, and features of fibrofolliculoma were observed in 43% (9/21) of lesions. Other abnormalities included features similar to trichofolliculoma, follicular‐derived, infundibular‐type cysts, and abnormally arranged primitive hair follicles.ConclusionsFCPs in TSC show thickened bundles of collagen, and hamartomatous changes involving hair follicles. Recognition of these histopathological features may raise the possibility of unsuspected TSC or confirm FCP identification.
Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) versus 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as root canal irrigants on the intensity of post‐operative pain and the amount of endotoxins in mandibular molars with necrotic pulps: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hosny N. S. , El Khodary S. A. , El Boghdadi R. M. , Shaker O. G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of Neem versus 2.5% NaOCl as root canal irrigants on the intensity of post‐operative pain and amount of endotoxins following root canal treatment of mandibular molars with necrotic pulps.MethodologyThis parallel, prospective, double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial with allocation ratio 1:1 was conducted in the out‐patient clinic of the Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. Fifty healthy patients with mandibular molars with necrotic pulps were randomly assigned into two equal groups using computer software. In the intervention group, root canals were irrigated using Neem; whilst 2.5% NaOCl was used in the control group. A standard root canal treatment was performed in two visits using ProTaper Next rotary files, with no intracanal medication. Pain intensity was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) 6, 12, 24 and 48 h following instrumentation and canal filling. Endotoxin samples were collected using three paper points before and after canal instrumentation and a sandwich ELISA method was used to quantify the level of endotoxins. Demographic, baseline, and outcome data were collected and analysed using chi‐square tests (for the comparisons of categorical variables), Mann–Whitney tests (for non‐normally distributed variables) and Student’sttests (for normally distributed variables), AP‐value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsThe mean pain scores within the two groups decreased continually over time. The mean pain scores in the Neem group were lower than those in the 2.5% NaOCl group at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h following instrumentation and canal filling with no significant difference between them except at 24 h following instrumentation (P = 0.012). Both irrigants significantly reduced endotoxin levels compared to the pre‐instrumentation samples (P < 0.001)by 8% for the NaOCL group and 18% for the Neem group.ConclusionNeem and 2.5% NaOCl were not significantly different in terms of reducing the intensity of post‐operative pain during all follow‐up periods except at 24 h following instrumentation where Neem was associated with lower pain intensity. Both irrigants significantly reduced endotoxin levels but were not effective in eliminating endotoxins completely from root canals of mandibular molars with necrotic pulps.
Circular economy and durability in geopolymers ceramics pieces obtained from glass polishing waste
Authors: de Azevedo Afonso R. G. , Teixeira Marvila Markssuel , Barbosa de Oliveira Leandro , Macario Ferreira Weslley , Colorado Henry , Rainho Teixeira Silvio , Mauricio Fontes Vieira Carlos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of new building materials based on alkaline activation technology is very promising, mainly linked to products that need significant technological properties and durability due to their adverse service conditions and environmental exposure. The objective of this research was to evaluate the development of a circular economy within the scope of durability of ceramic pieces incorporating glass polishing waste aimed at the production of roof tiles, obtained by the geopolymerization process. Two methodologies to evaluate the sample's durability were studied: wetting and drying cycles; and exposure to salt spray; both simulating conditions that tiles typically face in normal conditions. Prismatic specimens were made with an alkaline solution/(metakaolin + waste) ratio = 0.26; a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio = 3.5, 4, and 4.5; and with ambient and thermal cure at 7 days. Samples were evaluated in their mechanical strength, mass loss, and water absorption. Results showed that the SiO2/Al2O3 = 4.0 ratio with thermal curing had the best behavior in aggressive conditions, and therefore, this formulation can be used for the production of tiles.