bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental warming differentially affects vegetative and reproductive phenology of tundra plants
Authors: Collins Courtney G. , Elmendorf Sarah C. , Hollister Robert D. , Henry Greg H. R. , Clark Karin , Bjorkman Anne D. , Myers-Smith Isla H. , Prevéy Janet S. , Ashton Isabel W. , Assmann Jakob J. , Alatalo Juha M. , Carbognani Michele , Chisholm Chelsea , Cooper Elisabeth J. , Forrester Chiara , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala , Klanderud Kari , Kopp Christopher W. , Livensperger Carolyn , Mauritz Marguerite , May Jeremy L. , Molau Ulf , Oberbauer Steven F. , Ogburn Emily , Panchen Zoe A. , Petraglia Alessandro , Post Eric , Rixen Christian , Rodenhizer Heidi , Schuur Edward A. G. , Semenchuk Philipp , Smith Jane G. , Steltzer Heidi , Totland Ørjan , Walker Marilyn D. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Suding Katharine N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRapid climate warming is altering Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystem structure and function, including shifts in plant phenology. While the advancement of green up and flowering are well-documented, it remains unclear whether all phenophases, particularly those later in the season, will shift in unison or respond divergently to warming. Here, we present the largest synthesis to our knowledge of experimental warming effects on tundra plant phenology from the International Tundra Experiment. We examine the effect of warming on a suite of season-wide plant phenophases. Results challenge the expectation that all phenophases will advance in unison to warming. Instead, we find that experimental warming caused: (1) larger phenological shifts in reproductive versus vegetative phenophases and (2) advanced reproductive phenophases and green up but delayed leaf senescence which translated to a lengthening of the growing season by approximately 3%. Patterns were consistent across sites, plant species and over time. The advancement of reproductive seasons and lengthening of growing seasons may have significant consequences for trophic interactions and ecosystem function across the tundra.
Comprehensive micro-scaled proteome and phosphoproteome characterization of archived retrospective cancer repositories
Authors: Friedrich Corinna , Schallenberg Simon , Kirchner Marieluise , Ziehm Matthias , Niquet Sylvia , Haji Mohamed , Beier Christin , Neudecker Jens , Klauschen Frederick , Mertins Philipp 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFormalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are a valuable resource for retrospective clinical studies. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of (phospho-)proteomics on FFPE lung tissue regarding protein extraction, quantification, pre-analytics, and sample size. After comparing protein extraction protocols, we use the best-performing protocol for the acquisition of deep (phospho-)proteomes from lung squamous cell and adenocarcinoma with >8,000 quantified proteins and >14,000 phosphosites with a tandem mass tag (TMT) approach. With a microscaled approach, we quantify 7,000 phosphosites, enabling the analysis of FFPE biopsies with limited tissue amounts. We also investigate the influence of pre-analytical variables including fixation time and heat-assisted de-crosslinking on protein extraction efficiency and proteome coverage. Our improved workflows provide quantitative information on protein abundance and phosphosite regulation for the most relevant oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and signaling pathways in lung cancer. Finally, we present general guidelines to which methods are best suited for different applications, highlighting TMT methods for comprehensive (phospho-)proteome profiling for focused clinical studies and label-free methods for large cohorts.
Stacking fault energy in concentrated alloys
Authors: Shih Mulaine , Miao Jiashi , Mills Michael , Ghazisaeidi Maryam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe revisit the meaning of stacking fault energy (SFE) and the assumptions of equilibrium dissociation of lattice dislocations in concentrated alloys. SFE is a unique value in pure metals. However, in alloys beyond the dilute limit, SFE has a distribution of values depending on the local atomic environment. Conventionally, the equilibrium distance between partial dislocations is determined by a balance between the repulsive elastic interaction between the partial dislocations and a unique value for SFE. This assumption is used to determine SFE from experimental measurements of dislocation splitting distances in metals and alloys, often contradicting computational predictions. We use atomistic simulations in a model NiCo alloy to study the dislocation dissociation process in a range of compositions with positive, zero, and negative average SFE and surprisingly observe a stable, finite splitting distance in all cases at low temperatures. We then compute the decorrelation stress and examine the balance of forces on the partial dislocations, considering the local effects on SFE, and observe that even the upper bound of SFE distribution alone cannot satisfy the force balance in some cases. Furthermore, we show that in concentrated solid solutions, the resisting force caused by interaction of dislocations with the local solute environment becomes a major force acting on partial dislocations. Here, we show that the presence of a high solute/dislocation interaction, which is not easy to measure and neglected in experimental measurements of SFE, renders the experimental values of SFE unreliable.
Cas9 targeted enrichment of mobile elements using nanopore sequencing
Authors: McDonald Torrin L. , Zhou Weichen , Castro Christopher P. , Mumm Camille , Switzenberg Jessica A. , Mills Ryan E. , Boyle Alan P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMobile element insertions (MEIs) are repetitive genomic sequences that contribute to genetic variation and can lead to genetic disorders. Targeted and whole-genome approaches using short-read sequencing have been developed to identify reference and non-reference MEIs; however, the read length hampers detection of these elements in complex genomic regions. Here, we pair Cas9-targeted nanopore sequencing with computational methodologies to capture active MEIs in human genomes. We demonstrate parallel enrichment for distinct classes of MEIs, averaging 44% of reads on-targeted signals and exhibiting a 13.4-54x enrichment over whole-genome approaches. We show an individual flow cell can recover most MEIs (97% L1Hs, 93%AluYb, 51%AluYa, 99% SVA_F, and 65% SVA_E). We identify seventeen non-reference MEIs in GM12878 overlooked by modern, long-read analysis pipelines, primarily in repetitive genomic regions. This work introduces the utility of nanopore sequencing for MEI enrichment and lays the foundation for rapid discovery of elusive, repetitive genetic elements.
In situ decoration of Au NPs over polydopamine encapsulated GO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a recyclable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes
Authors: Hemmati Saba , Heravi Majid M. , Karmakar Bikash , Veisi Hojat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new and efficient catalyst has been designed and prepared via in situ immobilization of Au NPs fabricated polydopamine (PDA)-shelled Fe3O4 nanoparticle anchored over graphene oxide (GO) (GO/Fe3O4@PDA/Au). This novel, architecturally interesting magnetic nanocomposite was fully characterized using different analytical techniques such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, elemental mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Electron Spectroscopy. Catalytic activity of this material was successfully explored in the reduction of nitroarenes to their corresponding substituted anilines, using NaBH4 as reducing agent at ambient conditions. The most significant merits for this protocol were smooth and clean catalysis at room temperature with excellent productivity, sustainable conditions, ease of separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture by using a magnetic bar and most importantly reusability of the catalyst at least 8 times without any pre-activation, minimum loss of activity and considerable leaching.
Identification of damage development in the core of steel cord belts with the diagnostic system
Authors: Blazej Ryszard , Jurdziak Leszek , Kirjanow-Blazej Agata , Kozlowski Tomasz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBelt conveyors are used for transporting bulk materials over distances. The core of the belt, by transferring the longitudinal stresses and ensuring proper frictional coupling of the belt, enables belt movement and transportation of materials on its surface. As the belt cover and edges are used, the belt becomes abraded, and the core is subject to fatigue. The result is the development of cracks in rubber covers across the belt, which leads to the development of damage not only along the cables (the natural direction of water migration and corrosion) but also in the direction transverse to the belt axis. Conducting a series of scans of the St-type belt operating in one of the underground copper ore mines in Poland allowed identifying the number of failures as well as their size and changes over time. These data were in turn used to determine the measures defining the condition of the belt such as the density of defects (the number of defects per 1 m of the belt), the density of the area of damage (the area of damage per 1 m of the belt) and the change in the average area of a single defect over time. By determining the regression of these measures in time and the rate of damage development in both directions (along the axis of the belt and across the belt), it was possible to forecast future states of the belt, as well as to evaluate the costs of different belt replacement strategies and the economic rationalization of the decision to replace them. This research has become possible owing to the development of the DiagBelt system for two-dimensional imaging of the damage to the core of steel-cord belts with resolution sufficiently high to allow tracking the development of single core defects.
Behavioral traits and territoriality in the symbiotic scaleworm Ophthalmonoe pettiboneae
Authors: Britayev Temir A. , Martin Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmong marine invertebrates, polychaete worms form symbiotic associations showing a wide variety of host use patterns. Most commonly, they live solitary on hosts, likely resulting from territorial behavior, yet little is known of the precise nature of the involved interactions. Based on field and laboratory observations, we described the symbiotic association betweenOphthalmonoe pettibonaeandChaetopteruscf.appendiculatusfrom Nhatrang Bay (Vietnam). Then, by experimentally manipulating the competitor-to-resource ratio, we analyzed symbiont behavior and we assessed whether the 1:1 uniform distribution observed in nature could be driven by agonistic territorial behavior. Hosts and symbiont populations had low densities, lacked size relationships and showed higher prevalence when denser. Symbiont behavior included territoriality, expressed through conspecific recognition and intraspecific aggressive interactions (pursuit and escaping, hiding, choosing position, aggressive fighting, and targeting a specific bite zone). Our experiments proved that territoriality led to host monopolization by a single symbiont, provided the first empirical evidence that symbiont body injuries were caused during territorial contests, and allowed us to first suggest that a marine symbiotic invertebrate may control a territory extending beyond its host, even including neighboring hosts. Overall, this is the first report of such a complex symbiotic behavior for an annelid polychaete.
Transcriptional response to prolonged perchlorate exposure in the methanogen Methanosarcina barkeri and implications for Martian habitability
Authors: Harris Rachel L. , Schuerger Andrew C. , Wang Wei , Tamama Yuri , Garvin Zachary K. , Onstott Tullis C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObservations of trace methane (CH4) in the Martian atmosphere are significant to the astrobiology community given the overwhelming contribution of biological methanogenesis to atmospheric CH4 on Earth. Previous studies have shown that methanogenic Archaea can generate CH4 when incubated with perchlorates, highly oxidizing chaotropic salts which have been found across the Martian surface. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind this remain completely unexplored. In this study we performed comparative transcriptomics on the methanogen Methanosarcina barkeri, which was incubated at 30˚C and 0˚C with 10–20 mM calcium-, magnesium-, or sodium perchlorate. Consistent with prior studies, we observed decreased CH4 production and apparent perchlorate reduction, with the latter process proceeding by heretofore essentially unknown mechanisms. Transcriptomic responses of M. barkeri to perchlorates include up-regulation of osmoprotectant transporters and selection against redox-sensitive amino acids. Increased expression of methylamine methanogenesis genes suggest competition for H2 with perchlorate reduction, which we propose is catalyzed by up-regulated molybdenum-containing enzymes and maintained by siphoning diffused H2 from energy-conserving hydrogenases. Methanogenesis regulatory patterns suggest Mars’ freezing temperatures alone pose greater constraints to CH4 production than perchlorates. These findings increase our understanding of methanogen survival in extreme environments and confers continued consideration of a potential biological contribution to Martian CH4.
Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of acute appendicitis in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tseng Chin-Hsiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study used the nationwide database of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance to investigate whether metformin would reduce the risk of acute appendicitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We first identified 423,949 patients newly diagnosed of diabetes from 1999 to 2005. After excluding patients having type 1 diabetes mellitus, missing data, previous history of acute appendicitis, aged < 15 years, aged > 80 years and followed up for < 6 months, 338,172 ever users and 21,861 never users of metformin were followed up from January 1, 2006 until December 31, 2011. Incidence of acute appendicitis was estimated for never users, ever users and subgroups (divided by median, tertiles and quartiles, respectively) of dose–response indicators including cumulative duration (months), cumulative dose (mg) and average daily dose (mg/day) of metformin therapy. We used Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score to estimate the overall hazard ratio for ever versus never users, and the hazard ratios for subgroups of dose–response indicators versus never users. Results showed that new-onset acute appendicitis was diagnosed in 1558 ever users and 179 never users during follow-up. The incidence was 98.15 per 100,000 person-years in ever users and was 189.48 per 100,000 person-years in never users. The overall hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.514 (0.441–0.600) suggested a lower risk of acute appendicitis associated with metformin use. A dose–response pattern was consistently observed in the analyses of different subgroups of dose–response indicators and the reduced risk associated with metformin use was consistently observed in various sensitivity analyses. An average daily dose of 1000–1500 mg/day can significantly reduce the risk by > 50%. The benefit did not differ between different formulations of metformin, and the estimated hazard ratio for conventional/immediate-release metformin versus never users was 0.516 (0.441–0.603) and was 0.509 (0.421–0.615) for prolonged/slow-release metformin versus never users. It is concluded that metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of acute appendicitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A retrospective study on the therapeutic effects of sodium bicarbonate for adult in-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Wang Chih-Hung , Wu Cheng-Yi , Wu Meng-Che , Chang Wei-Tien , Huang Chien-Hua , Tsai Min-Shan , Lu Tsung-Chien , Chou Eric , Hsieh Yu-Lin , Chen Wen-Jone 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate whether the effects of sodium bicarbonate (SB) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) would be influenced by blood pH and administration timing. Adult patients experiencing in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) from 2006 to 2015 were retrospectively screened. Early intra-arrest blood gas data were obtained within 10 min of CPR. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and generalised additive models were used for effect estimation and data exploration, respectively. A total of 1060 patients were included. Only 59 patients demonstrated favourable neurological status at hospital discharge. Blood pH ≤ 7.18 was inversely associated with favourable neurological outcome (odds ratio [OR], 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.52; p value < 0.001) while SB use was not. In the interaction analysis for favourable neurological outcome, significant interactions were noted between SB use and time to SB (SB use × time to SB ≥ 20 min; OR 6.16; 95% CI 1.42–26.75; p value = 0.02). In the interaction analysis for survival to hospital discharge, significant interactions were noted between SB use and blood pH (Non-SB use × blood pH > 7.18; OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.01–2.41; p value = 0.05). SB should not be empirically administered for patients with IHCA since its effects may be influenced by blood pH and administration timing.
The real seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in France and its consequences for virus dynamics
Authors: Dimeglio Chloé , Loubes Jean-Michel , Miedougé Marcel , Herin Fabrice , Soulat Jean-Marc , Izopet Jacques 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread world-wide since December 2019, killing more than 2.9 million of people. We have adapted a statistical model from the SIR epidemiological models to predict the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in France. Our model is based on several parameters and assumed a 4.2% seroprevalence in Occitania after the first lockdown. The recent use of serological tests to measure the effective seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Occitania has led to a seroprevalence around 2.4%. This implies to review the parameters of our model to conclude at a lower than expected virus transmission rate, which may be due to infectivity varying with the patient’s symptoms or to a constraint due to an uneven population geographical distribution.
Research on the keeper electrode’s sputtering mechanism of the ion thruster
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Geng Hai , Jia Yanhui , Zhang Tianping , Cao Yong , Lu Chang 
Published: June 2021

Bombardment of the keeper electrode by high-energy ions limits the lifetime of the ion thruster. To investigate its sputtering mechanism, this paper established a two-dimensional simulation model and applied the Particle-In-Cell method to simulating the generation process of the high-energy ions and their sputtering process on the keeper electrode surface. The Monte Carlo Collision method was used to address the collisions between particles. The results showed that the plasma potential downstream of the keeper electrode oscillated; therefore, ions in this area were accelerated and their energy was increased from 0.085 to 35 eV, which was enough to erode the keeper electrode’s surface. double charged xenon (Xe++) ions and charge exchange xenon (CEX) ions were the two kinds of high-energy ions. The most severe position was the center of the keeper electrode surface, and its erosion rate was about 2.0 × 10−4 m/1000 h, while the average erosion rate was about 10−5 m/1000 h when the frequency and the amplitude of the plasma potential were 50 Hz and 35 eV, respectively. Plasma potential oscillation greatly affected the sputtering mechanism of the keeper electrode.
In-plane Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors with a 4-nm channel based on 1T/2H MoTe2 and WTe2
Authors: Yang Houping , Tian Yueyue , Li Junjun , Xie Yiqun , Ren Wei , Wang Yin 
Published: June 2021

As state-of-the-art fabrication techniques are approaching the 3 nm size, the traditional silicon-based circuit faces huge challenges. Transistors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted much attention as potential alternative candidates. However, critical performances including the subthreshold swing (SS), on/off ratio, and magnitude of the on-state current for 2D transistors around 3 nm size are far less to be studied well. In this work, we propose in-plane Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors (SBFETs) with a 4-nm channel based on the lateral heterostructure of monolayer 1T/2H MoTe2 and WTe2. The electric transport properties are investigated by first-principles quantum transport simulations. At a 0.64 V bias, the WTe2 SBFET has an on-state current of 3861 μA/μm, with a 4.5 × 104 on/off ratio and an SS of 87 mV/dec, while the MoTe2 SBFET has an on-state current of 1480 μA/μm, with a large on/off rate of 3.6 × 105 and an SS of 78 mV/dec. Our results suggest that FETs based on the lateral heterostructure of 1T/2H MoTe2 (WTe2) are promising candidates for high-performance 2D transistors.
Superelastic oxide micropillars enabled by surface tension–modulated 90° domain switching with excellent fatigue resistance
Authors: Li Yingwei , Chu Kangjie , Liu Chang , Jiang Peng , Qu Ke , Gao Peng , Wang Jie , Ren Fuzeng , Sun Qingping , Chen Longqing , Li Jiangyu 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceWe demonstrate the micropillars of normally brittle BaTiO3(BTO) are superelastic as well as fatigue resistant over 1 million cycles without accumulating residual strains or noticeable variation in stress–strain curves over cycles. The mechanism of reversible 90° domain switching identified in our work is advantageous over the conventional phase transition mechanism as found in ZrO2and shape memory alloys, and it is not limited to BTO. Therefore, our work offers a promising strategy for realizing fatigue-resistant superelasticity in otherwise brittle ferroelectric materials.
Delegitimizing the media?
Authors: Egelhofer Jana Laura , Aaldering Loes , Lecheler Sophie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A growing literature on the impact of “fake news“ accusations on legacy news outlets suggests that the use of this
term is part of a much larger trend of increased and delegitimizing media criticism by political actors. However, so far, there is
very little empirical evidence on how prevailing politicians’ delegitimizing media criticism really is and under which conditions
it occurs. To fill these gaps, we present results of a content analysis of media-related Facebook postings by Austrian and German
politicians in 2017 (N = 2,921). The results suggest that media criticism, in general, is actually rare and that
about half of it can be described as delegitimizing (i.e., characterized by incivility or absence of argumentation). Most often,
media criticism is used by populist politicians, who accuse “the media” in general of bias and falsehoods.
Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus).
Authors: Hartung John S. , Guillermo León M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

CiLV-C is a quarantine pest which causes an economically important disease, reported only on the American continent. During the past 15 years, it has caused economic losses in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Panamá and Honduras. The disease was recently reported in Guatemala, Bolivia, México, Colombia and Belize. It is a threat to citrus-producing countries where the disease has not been reported. The disease can cause 100% yield loss (Rodrigues et al., 2000).