bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focus on Form and Focus on Forms in Implicit Grammar Teaching Strategy
Authors: Guci Rizki Indra , Rochsantiningsih Dewi , Sumardi Sumardi 
Published: May 2021

Grammar instruction in foreign language teaching has been identified by most studies as one aspect that plays an important role in promoting the learning process of reading, writing, speaking and understanding a foreign language. Consequently, secondary and foreign language teaching of grammar is seen as a topic of debate. So academics and teachers seem to have been willing to work out the proper way of teaching grammar. This condition contributes to a likely cause of uncertainty for teachers and students, and then brings researchers to a rigorous theoretical discussion on the question of how grammar should be presented: explicitly or implicitly. The purpose of the present case study was to gather information into the implementation of the implicit grammar teaching strategy enrolled in senior high school. To this extent, interview sessions and observation were used to obtain all the data required for the study. The results, in a broad sense, confirmed that the teacher showed positive views on the implementation of the implicit grammar teaching strategy. However, classroom practices were quite different from the findings of previous related research consistent with the supremacy of either Focus on Form or Focus on Forms in the delivery of lesson materials. As an implication, this study encouraged Indonesian English teachers to start considering the implementation of implicit grammar teaching strategy so that students could be directed to the language acquisition cycle instead of the language learning.
In vivo toxicities of the hospital effluent in Mahdia Tunisia
Authors: Afsa Sabrine , Sallem Ons Fekih , Abdeljelil Nouha Ben , Feriani Anouar , Najjar Mohamed Fadhel , Mansour Hedi Ben 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hospital effluent (HE) is one of the most important sources of pharmaceuticals released into the environment. This kind of pollution is a recognized problem for both human health and aquatic life. Consequently, in the present study, we assessed the effects of untreated hospital effluent on mice via biochemical and histopathological determinations. Female mice were given free access to water bottles containing untreated HE at different dilutions for 21 days. Then clinical biochemistry and histopathology evaluation were conducted. Serum biochemistry analysis showed the presence of significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, glycaemia and total bilirubin. However, phosphatase alkaline and urea activities have been significantly decreased compared to the control group. No significant variation was observed for the rest of the studied parameters (high-density lipoproteins; low-density lipoproteins and uric acid). Additionally, multiple alterations, including cellular necrosis, leucocyte infiltration and congestion, were observed in different tissues of mice exposed to the tested HE.
First investigations on removal of nitrazepam from water using biochar derived from macroalgae low-cost adsorbent: kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Nazal Mazen K. , Rao Durga , Abuzaid Nabeel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Emerging contaminants such as pharmaceutical compounds offer potential hazards to the aquatic environment and human health. In this paper, the adsorptive removal of the drug Nitrazepam from water was investigated for the first time using biochar prepared from Sargassum macroalgae. The removal efficiency of Nitrazepam using 1 g/L of Sargassum macroalgae-derived biochar was 98% with a maximum adsorption capacity of 143.12 mg/g. Effects of solution pH, adsorbent mass, adsorbate concentration, contact time and temperature on the removal of Nitrazepam were investigated. Different adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also tested. It was found that the solution pH slightly influenced the removal efficiency. The adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm model and the adsorption process of Nitrazepam onto Sargassum macroalgae-derived biochar is spontaneous, endothermic and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Based on this work, it was determined that the low-cost Sargassum macroalgae-derived biochar adsorbent could be a promising adsorbent to remove Nitrazepam from water effectively.
Automating Stroke Data Extraction From Free-Text Radiology Reports Using Natural Language Processing: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Yu Amy Y X , Liu Zhongyu A , Pou-Prom Chloe , Lopes Kaitlyn , Kapral Moira K , Aviv Richard I , Mamdani Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Background
Diagnostic neurovascular imaging data are important in stroke research, but obtaining these data typically requires laborious manual chart reviews.

Objective
We aimed to determine the accuracy of a natural language processing (NLP) approach to extract information on the presence and location of vascular occlusions as well as other stroke-related attributes based on free-text reports.

Methods
From the full reports of 1320 consecutive computed tomography (CT), CT angiography, and CT perfusion scans of the head and neck performed at a tertiary stroke center between October 2017 and January 2019, we manually extracted data on the presence of proximal large vessel occlusion (primary outcome), as well as distal vessel occlusion, ischemia, hemorrhage, Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS), and collateral status (secondary outcomes). Reports were randomly split into training (n=921) and validation (n=399) sets, and attributes were extracted using rule-based NLP. We reported the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the overall accuracy of the NLP approach relative to the manually extracted data.

Results
The overall prevalence of large vessel occlusion was 12.2%. In the training sample, the NLP approach identified this attribute with an overall accuracy of 97.3% (95.5% sensitivity, 98.1% specificity, 84.1% PPV, and 99.4% NPV). In the validation set, the overall accuracy was 95.2% (90.0% sensitivity, 97.4% specificity, 76.3% PPV, and 98.5% NPV). The accuracy of identifying distal or basilar occlusion as well as hemorrhage was also high, but there were limitations in identifying cerebral ischemia, ASPECTS, and collateral status.

Conclusions
NLP may improve the efficiency of large-scale imaging data collection for stroke surveillance and research.
Development of the 12-Item Social Media Disinformation Scale and its Association With Social Media Addiction and Mental Health Related to COVID-19 in Tunisia: Survey-Based Pilot Case Study
Authors: Guelmami Noomen , Ben Khalifa Maher , Chalghaf Nasr , Kong Jude Dzevela , Amayra Tannoubi , Wu Jianhong , Azaiez Fairouz , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi 
Published: May 2021

Background
In recent years, online disinformation has increased. Fake news has been spreading about the COVID-19 pandemic. Since January 2020, the culprits and antidotes to disinformation have been digital media and social media.

Objective
Our study aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of the 12-item Social Media Disinformation Scale (SMDS-12), which assesses the consumption, confidence, and sharing of information related to COVID-19 by social media users.

Methods
A total of 874 subjects were recruited over two phases: the exploratory phase group had a mean age of 28.39 years (SD 9.32) and the confirmatory phase group had a mean age of 32.84 years (SD 12.72). Participants completed the SMDS-12, the Internet Addiction Test, the COVID-19 Fear Scale, and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. The SMDS-12 was initially tested by exploratory factor analysis and was subsequently tested by confirmatory factor analysis.

Results
The test supported the three-factor structure. In addition, no items were removed from the measurement scale, with three factors explaining up to 73.72% of the total variance, and the items had a lambda factor loading ranging from 0.73 to 0.85. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the robustness of the measure by referring to a wide range of goodness-of-fit indices that met the recommended standards. The construct validity of the scale was supported by its convergent and discriminant validity. The reliability of the instrument examined by means of three internal consistency indices, and the corrected item-total correlation, demonstrated that the three dimensions of the instrument were reliable: Cronbach α values were .89, .88, and .88 for the consumption, confidence, and sharing subscales, respectively. The corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.70 to 0.78. The correlation of the instrument’s dimensions with internet addiction and mental health factors showed positive associations.

Conclusions
The SMDS-12 can be reliably utilized to measure the credibility of social media disinformation and can be adapted to measure the credibility of disinformation in other contexts.
EFFICACY OF CATFISH (PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS) OIL TO OVERCOME STUNTING BY REDUCING INFLAMMATORY CONDITION
Authors: RESKI SEPSINA , MUNDHOFIR FARMADITYA E. P. , MURBAWANI ETISA ADI , NINDITA YORA , MUNIROH MUFLIHATUL , SWASTAWATI FRONTHEA , MAHATI ENDANG 
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil on hs-CRP and transthyretin levels of undernourished Wistar rats.
Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. Healthy control (KN) is normal rats that consumed a standard diet only and negative control (K-) is undernourished rats that consumed a protein-free diet only. Undernourished rats that consumed a protein free diet and catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil at doses 0.020 ml/200 g-body-weight/d, 0.040 ml/200 g-body-weight/d and 0.060 ml/200 g-body-weight/d were classified to P1, P2 and P3 groups, respectively. Hs-CRP is a parameter to evaluate inflammatory condition. Transthyretin and body weight are parameters for measuring nutritional status.
Results: Treatment of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil on P3 group significantly increases body weight of rats (p<0.05) compare to K-, P1 and P2 groups. There were significant difference of hs-CRP levels in P1, P2 and P3 groups (p<0.05) compare to K-. Hs-CRP levels in P1, P2 and P3 groups compared lower to K-but higher than KN. The mean value of hs-CRP levels in the P3 group (dose 0.060 ml/200 g-body-weight/d) was lower than the other treatment groups. Otherwise, there were no significant difference of TTR levels in P1, P2 and P3 group (p>0.05) compared to K-.
Conclusion: The present study showed that catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil has the potential effect to increase body weight and reduce inflammatory biomarker (hs-CRP) levels but has no effect to increase TTR levels in undernourished Wistar rats.
Assets need audiences: How venture capitalists boost valuations by recruiting investors to asset circles
Authors: Elder-Vass Dave 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNarratives and conventions have received considerable attention in recent discussions of the valuation of financial assets. Narratives and conventions, however, can only be effective to the extent that they attract and persuade audiences, and this article makes the case for paying more attention to those audiences. In particular, the article argues that financial assets can only be establishedas assetsif there is a group of potential investors that has been persuaded to accept them as such: to take them seriously as potential investments. The article coins the termasset circlesto refer to such groups and supports the argument with a discussion of venture capital and its role in the production of unicorns: private companies with extraordinary valuations. Venture capital firms may be thought of as value entrepreneurs, and much of the venture capital process is oriented towards constructing both value narratives for the companies they invest in and asset circles prepared to accept those value narratives. Their aim in these processes is a profitable exit, in which the venture capital firm converts its investment back into cash at a considerable profit through either an acquisition or a flotation.
Nilai Religius pada Cerpen Ciumlah Aku di Ujung Subuh Karya Hamzah Puadi Ilyas
Authors: Hidayati Deasy Wahyu 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to find a description of the elements or religious values ​​contained in the short stories of Kiss Aku di Ujung Subuh by Hamzah Puadi Ilyas. The method in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method. The religious value in the short story Kiss Aku di Ujung Subuh by Hamzah Puadi Ilyas shows that there is religious value in the aspect of belief in Allah, including believing in angels, the Day of Judgment, the prophet's ark, and believing in the Koran and hadiths; religious value in the aspect of awe of the majesty of God includes amazement at the aroma of wickedness, the power of God, and the creation of the universe; religious values ​​in the aspect of the vibration of a personal conscience include a heart vibration of gratitude, cries of events, past memories, and dreams; religious values ​​in the aspect of personal attitudes include the attitude of worship, prostrate, makeistigfar, dhikr, and read the Koran / juz-amma; and religious values ​​in the aspect of mental intimidation include intimidation of the soul from karma, the core process of death, and the process of taking one's life. Based on the results of this study, it can also be seen that the religious value that appears most in the short stories of Ciinum Aku di Ujung Subuh by Hamzah Puadi Ilyas is personal attitude.

Keywords: Score; Religious; Short story; High school
KEDUDUKAN EVOLUSI SEBAGAI ILMU DALAM PANDANGAN MAHASISWA BIOLOGI
Authors: Jamaludin Didi Nur , Asyhari Andi , Fikri Achmad Ali , Raida Sulasfiana Alfi , Haka Nukhbatul Bidayati 
Published: May 2021

Keberadaan evolusi menjadi ilmu, seringkali dipertanyakan bagi sebagian masyarakat dan peserta didik. Hal ini muncul karena kajian evolusi dikaitkan dengan agama, bagi sebagian orang memposisikan evolusi dan agama adalah kajian yang saling bertentangan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian tindakan (action reseach) dengan memperhatikan fokus permasalahan pada kedudukan evolusi sebagai ilmu dalam pandangan mahasiswa biologi. Hasil penelitian awal pembelajaran menunjukkan kedudukan evolusi sebagai ilmu sebesar 29,70% sisanya menganggap evolusi sebatas wawasan informasi dan cerita. Maka desain pembelajaran yang dilakukan pertama melalui fieldtrip ke situs pati ayam Kudus. Kedua pembelajaran menggunakan sumber-sumber literatur mutakhir dengan fokus penjelasan evolusi dan ketiga mendialogkan secara kritis berbagai persoalan-persoalan yang muncul termasuk beberapa problematika gagasan teori Darwin yang dianggap kontroversi. Hasil pandangan mahasiswa biologi setelah mengikuti pembelajaran selama satu semester, menunjukkan 81,10% menganggap bahwa evolusi sebagai ilmu. Kajian evolusi sebagai ilmu pengetahuan telah dilakukan dengan berbagai pengamatan, metode ilmiah, proses saintifik dan masih berlanjut hingga sekarang. Oleh karena itu perlu melihat kedudukan ilmu evolusi dalam kaitan ilmu biologi molekuler, taksonomi, genetika, palaentologi dan ilmu agama.Kata kunci: mahasiswa biologi; evolusi; ilmu.
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Report
Authors: Dr. Romita Dilip Gaikwad  , Dr. Farooque Khan  
Published: May 2021

The gingiva is often considered as one of the most common sites of localized growths that are considered to be reactive rather than malignant in nature. Clinically, the majority of these lesions are difficult to identify, and therefore histopathology is useful in diagnosing these lesions as specific entities only on the basis of typical and consistent features. Focal gingival enlargements are quite frequent lesions in the oral cavity amounting to almost 3.1% of all oral tumors and 9.6% of gingival lesions. Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is one of the reactive lesions that have typical histopathological features. Since the late 1940s, intraoral ossifying fibromas have been discussed in the literature. The term “Peripheral ossifying fibroma” is usually used to describe a fibroma of the gingiva which shows areas of calcification or ossification. They are usually classified as non-neoplastic enlargement of the gingiva. Many POFs are thought to develop initially as a pyogenic granuloma that undergoes fibrous maturation and subsequent calcification. However, many authors have suggested that rather than a transitional form of pyogenic granuloma or irritation fibroma, POF represents a separate clinical entity. Different lesions with clinical presentations similar to POF make it difficult to arrive at an appropriate diagnosis. Usually, the treatment of POF includes excision of the lesion surgically with minimal chances of recurrence. This paper describes a case report of a 32 year old female patient who reported growth on gingiva in the mandibular left anterior region of the mouth for three years.
The potential of bat-watching tourism in raising public awareness towards bat conservation in the Philippines
Authors: Tanalgo Krizler C. , Hughes Alice 
Published: May 2021

Wildlife-watching and ecotourism are effective approaches for improving
public attitudes and raising awareness of wildlife conservation.
However, the ability of wildlife tourism to enhance the conservation of
less appealing taxa such as bats has rarely been examined. We sampled a
total of 197 tourists in Monfort Bat Cave Sanctuary in the Philippines,
the world’s largest colony of Geoffroy’s Rousette (Rousettus
amplexicaudatus). Convenient pre/post-visit surveys were conducted to
(a) explore the potential of bat-watching to raise tourists’ knowledge,
attitudes towards bats, and determine how perceptions vary across
demographic classes; and (b) determine potential predictors of
conservation willingness among sampled urban tourists. Our study
observed an increase in knowledge about bats and 61% of the tourists
are willing to support conservation bat protection after the
bat-watching visit to the cave site. Tourists’ conservation willingness
was associated with age group, prior knowledge of bat ecosystem
services, and perceptions about the conservation relevance of
bat-watching as a conservation initiative. Our study highlights the
effectiveness of short-term engagements such as bat-watching at
improving human-bat interactions and suggests such programs should focus
on highlighting ecosystem services and benefits of bats. However, it
should be noted that we performed this study before the COVID-19 global
pandemic and misinformation linking bats to the disease spread has
increased since. We expect that public perception will change in the
post-COVID-19 period and the conservation willingness survey should be
repeated to understand how to counter misconceptions to develop
effective bat conservation management in the post-COVID-19.

This manuscript is accepted in Environmental Challenges
FOTOGRAFIA E HISTÓRIA: AS TRAMAS DA REPRESENTAÇÃO FOTOGRÁFICA
Authors: Kossoy Boris 
Published: May 2021

Neste texto, retoma-se a questão das realidades (e não realidade) e ficções que se acham diluídas na trama das representações fotográficas pela abordagem dos fundamentos que têm permeado estudos sobre a natureza da fotografia, em especial os processos de criação/construção de realidades e de ficções (verossímeis), que envolvem a produção e a recepção das imagens e, também, os seus usos e aplicações. Via revisão bibliográfica, o objetivo é demonstrar que os fundamentos propostos ao longo de anos independem das tecnologias fotográficas e que a criação de realidades e ficções é inerente às representações fotográficas e ocorre tanto nas diferentes etapas de sua produção, como na sua recepção e, naturalmente, nos seus múltiplos usos e aplicações.
Analysis of Energy Consumption by Electric Agricultural Tractor Model Under Operating Conditions
Authors: Plizga Krzysztof 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of the paper is analysis of consumption of electric energy which is necessary to drive a farm tractor with an electric motor as a drive unit under the conditions of a drive with varied loading of the power transmission system. The object of the research was a tractor model where a combustion engine was replaced with a dc electric motor. During the tests, a decrease of voltage and current strength collected from supplying batteries as a function of tractor drive time and in relation to the mass of a tractor with a trailer, temperature of the surrounding and resistance to motion were reported, which enabled determination of the collected power and energy. For the used set of batteries, also the maximum range of the tractor drive on the paved road was determined.
Bereaved parents’ experiences of being informed about autopsy findings after the sudden and unexpected loss of an infant or small child
Authors: Fjærestad Anita , Kristensen Pål 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Following the sudden and unexpected loss of an infant or small child, the police usually request a forensic autopsy. National guidelines exist for how the autopsy report should be made available for the bereaved parents, but there is limited knowledge whether the guidelines are followed. This study aims to explore bereaved parents’ experiences of being informed about autopsy findings.

Methodology: As part of in-depth follow-up interviews at 13 months post-loss, 24 couples were asked how they experienced being informed about autopsy findings. Participants’ responses underwent thematic analysis.
Results: The results show that the waiting period before the autopsy report was made available was a burden for many parents, particularly those who experienced a delay in the process. Two main themes related to parents’ experiences of being informed when the report was available: ‘informed in a supportive and caring way’ and ‘difficult or negative experiences’.
Conclusion: Several factors are described that help parents cope with being informed about autopsy findings, such as: being informed according to the given timeframe by competent health personnel, face-to-face meetings at the hospital, being able to ask questions and routine follow-up contact. These factors are mostly described in the national guidelines. This study shows that when guidelines were followed, the majority of parents were satisfied with how they were informed. Unfortunately, some parents had negative experiences. Regular training and continuing education for health personnel are recommended.