bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient source attribution: Quantitative typology distinction of active and legacy source contributions to waterborne loads
Authors: Chen Yuanying , Destouni Georgia , Goldenberg Romain , Prieto Carmen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDistinction between active and legacy sources of nutrients is needed for effective reduction of waterborne nutrient loads and associated eutrophication. This study quantifies main typological differences in nutrient load behaviour versus water discharge for active and legacy sources. This quantitative typology is used for source attribution based on monitoring data for water discharge and concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) from 37 catchments draining into the Baltic Sea along the coastline of Sweden over the period 2003–2013. Results indicate dominant legacy source contributions to the monitored loads of TN and TP in most (33 of the total 37) study catchments. Dominant active sources are indicated in 1 catchment for TN, and mixed sources are indicated in 3 catchments for TN, and 4 catchments for TP. The TN and TP concentration contributions are quantified to be overall higher from the legacy than the active sources. Legacy concentrations also correlate well with key indicators of human activity in the catchments, agricultural land share for TN (R2 = 0.65) and population density for TP (R2 = 0.56). Legacy‐dominated nutrient concentrations also change more slowly than in catchments with dominant active or mixed sources. Various data‐based results and indications converge in indicating legacy source contributions as largely dominant, mainly anthropogenic, and with near‐zero average change trends in the present study of catchments draining into the Baltic Sea along the coastline of Sweden, as in other parts of the world. These convergent indications emphasize needs to identify and map the different types of sources in each catchment, and differentiate strategies and measures to target each source type for possible achievement of shorter‐ and longer‐term goals of water quality improvement.
Evaluation of a collaborative group intervention for mothers with moderate to severe perinatal mental illness and their infants in Australia
Authors: Irvine Adrienne , Rawlinson Catherine , Bor William , Hoehn Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTPerinatal mental illness is a known risk to maternal–infant attachment and healthy infant development. Mothers experiencing complex mental health issues in the first year following birth are less likely to become involved in parenting programs or day stay interventions because of their mental health difficulties and perceived stigma. Currently, most perinatal day or group treatment programs only include the mother and not their infant. This paper describes “Together in Mind,” a perinatal and infant mental health day program developed by the Queensland Centre for Perinatal and Infant Mental Health, targeting mothers with moderate to severe mental illness and their infants under 12 months. The service model was a 6‐week, 1 day per week psychoeducation intervention. Psychoeducational material and support were provided across each day session by an adult perinatal mental health clinician, an infant mental health clinician, and a child health nurse working in collaboration. The program was trialed across seven Hospital and Health Service sites in Queensland, Australia, during 2016–18. In total, 24 group day programs were delivered with 84 mothers and their infants. Pre and post intervention quantitative measures and a post‐program qualitative survey about participant satisfaction were collected. Statistically significant improvements in all quantitative measures showed a large to medium effect size on the: Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) (d = 0.82; p < .000); Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS‐21) (d = 0.5; p < .000); Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS) (d = 0.63; p < .000); Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) (d = 0.49; p < .000), Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social‐Emotional (6 months) (d = 0.83; p < .000). The results indicate collaboration and early intervention contributes to strengthening the emerging development of the maternal–infant relationship within the context of complex maternal mental health issues.
Should attendance for preclinical simulation and clinical education be mandatory?
Authors: Saeed Sophia G. , Bain Jennifer L. , Khoo Edmund , Siqueira Walter L. , van der Hoeven Ransome 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMandatory attendance, particularly in didactic settings, is a highly debated topic in higher education, including dental education. Within dental education, a large portion of education occurs in preclinical laboratories and clinical environments. There is little to no research on attendance in these settings in dental schools. This point/counterpoint paper examines the pros and cons of mandatory attendance in these highly specialized educational settings. With the backdrop of the COVID‐19 pandemic that began in March 2020 and continues to impact dental education at the time of publication, this topic has become even more relevant. Viewpoint 1 claims that attendance should be mandatory because a greater exposure to preclinical and clinical environments helps foster better clinical hand skills, critical thinking, decision‐making, problem‐solving skills, and an overall sense of professional identity. It goes on further to suggest that there may be a link between attendance and performance in exams and that attendance is part of the dental school's responsibility. Viewpoint 2 argues that the rationale for attendance is complex, and that creating learning environments that are psychologically safe will incentivize students to attend, even without mandatory attendance policies. Furthermore, it explains that technological advances have allowed dental schools to think creatively about asynchronous learning, which by its very nature does not require attendance at a given time. The authors of both viewpoints conclude that the preclinical and clinical education and experience are critical dental education and that dental school leaders should focus on improving the quality of these experiences.
Mainstreaming climate adaptation into social protection: The issues yet to be addressed
Authors: Kundo Hare Krisna , Brueckner Martin , Spencer Rochelle , Davis John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the consequences of climate change become better understood, there is growing agreement among development practitioners and academics on the need for mainstreaming climate adaptation into social protection. This review paper assesses the progress in mainstreaming efforts, revealing that there has been considerable progress made to date. However, a number of critical issues relating to the challenges of such mainstreaming in the context of developing countries and the conceptual framework needed to assess the outcomes of such developmental programmes are yet to be addressed. These issues are examined in this paper.
Including non‐English language articles in systematic reviews: A reflection on processes for identifying low‐cost sources of translation support
Authors: Rockliffe Lauren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon‐English language (NEL) articles are commonly excluded from published systematic reviews. The high cost associated with professional translation services and associated time commitment are often cited as barriers. Whilst there is debate as to the impact of excluding such articles from systematic reviews, doing so can introduce various biases. In order to encourage researchers to consider including these articles in future reviews, this paper aims to reflect on the experience and process of conducting a systematic review which included NEL articles. It provides an overview of the different approaches used to identify sources of low‐cost translation support and considers the relative merits of, among others, seeking support through universities, social media, word‐of‐mouth, and use of personal contacts.
Labyrinthine destruction caused by inflammatory pseudotumor of the temporal bone: A report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Imamura Kanako , Hosoya Makoto , Kasuya Kento , Shimanuki Marie N. , Shinden Seiichi , Ogawa Kaoru , Oishi Naoki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) are rare, idiopathic, and inflammatory lesions that are histopathologically benign. Here, we present three cases of labyrinthine destruction caused by an IPT.MethodsThe first patient was a 74‐year‐old male with a mass lesion extending from the inner ear to the external ear canal. The second patient was a 62‐year‐old female with a foliated polycystic lesion in the petrous bone on the dorsal side of the left internal auditory canal. The third patient was a 68‐year‐old female with a mass extending from the inner ear to the middle ear, destroying the semicircular canal and cochlea.ResultsIn two cases, we performed surgical resection successfully with no recurrence. In the other case, the lesion showed shrinkage after chemotherapy for colorectal cancer incidentally found during the examination process.ConclusionSurgical technique and indication for IPT should be based on the location and function of the lesion. In addition, there is room to consider pharmacotherapy as a treatment option for IPT of the temporal bone.Level of Evidence4.
Organic matter removal for continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of calcite or dolomite in organic‐rich samples
Authors: Chaduteau Carine , Ader Magali , Lebeau Oanez , Landais Guillaume , Busigny Vincent 
Published: June 2021

Abstractδ13C and δ18O values of carbonate in organic‐rich samples such as soils, biofilms, and lake sediments have been scarcely used so far in paleo‐environmental, biomineralization, or diagenetic studies because organic matter in high proportions is suspected to alter carbonate isotope analysis. Yet, with the improvement of analytical capabilities and in particular the use of CF‐IRMS, this may not be an issue anymore. To evaluate this, δ13C and δ18O values of calcite or dolomite mixed in various proportions with yeast (used here as a model for immature organic matter) were measured. The results indicate that measurements of calcite or dolomite δ13C and δ18O by CF‐IRMS require organic matter removal only when its weight proportion exceeds that of carbonates. Yeast generated an unidentified molecule during phosphoric acid digestion at 25°C (none at 80°C), which shifted the carbonate δ18O values for yeast proportions higher than 50%. It also generated CO2, but with a noticeable shift in δ13C and δ18O values only at 80°C (none at 25°C) and for yeast proportions higher than 75%. Three methods of organic matter removal were tested: the well‐established NaOCl and H2O2 wet treatments as well as low temperature plasma ashing (LTA) so far seldom examined. LTA removed the isotope shifts, although imperfectly for yeast proportions of 95%, without carbonate dissolution. NaOCl efficiently removed the isotope shifts in all cases but dissolved part of the calcite and dolomite. H2O2 treatment caused severe dissolution of calcite and dolomite while worsening the δ13C and δ18O shifts and should thus be avoided.
Control of tightly focused laser beams in the THz range
Authors: Degtyarev Andrey V. , Dubinin Mykola M. , Gurin Oleg V. , Maslov Vyacheslav A. , Muntean Konstantin I. , Ryabyh Valeriy N. , Senyuta Vladislav S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe possibility for control of tightly focused laser beams excited by the resonator modes of a THz laser based on a hollow circular dielectric waveguide is studied theoretically and experimentally. The wavelength of the radiation under study is 0.4326 mm corresponding to the generation line of the optically pumped HCOOH‐molecule THz laser. The focusing system is implemented by a short‐focus lens covered by absorbing masks in the central region. The focal area parameters were controlled by changing the size of the masks. The electric field components of the laser modes are calculated using the Rayleigh‐Sommerfeld integral transformations under non‐paraxial approximation. The use of absorbing masks made it possible to reduce the beam diameter in the focal region and increase the depth of focus of the linearly polarized EH11‐mode and azimuthally polarized TE01‐mode as well. In this case, despite of the presence of an absorbing mask, the distribution of the total field intensity of the TE01‐mode retained its annular shape, and the field maximum of the EH11‐mode is observed at center of the focal spot. The results of this work can be implemented in medical diagnostics, high‐speed communications, and environmental monitoring.
Microstrip leaky wave antenna for wide range of beam scanning in X band
Authors: Belen Aysu , Güneş Filiz , Belen Mehmet A. , Mahouti Peyman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, design of a pattern reconfigurable antenna is presented for X‐band applications as a leaky wave antenna (LWA) realization. Due to the advantages of simple design schematic, low profile, and easy impedance matching, LWA designs have been using as an efficient solution for reconfigurable antenna in many wireless communication applications. Optimization and simulation of the proposed LWA is carried out in 3‐D Microwave simulation CST environment and Honey Bee Mating is used as the optimization algorithm. Dimensions of the proposed LWA is 130 × 30 mm, which is fabricated on Rogers 5880 as capacitive loaded eight identical rectangular microstrip patches operating over 9.5‐12 GHz with a fractional bandwidth. The proposed LWA exhibits a measured peak gain of 11.8 dBi at 10 GHz with an overall gain characteristic of between 9.5 and 11.8 dBi over the range of 9.5 to 12 GHz with a steerable pattern characteristics between −45 and 50° as agreed with the theory. Furthermore, the fabricated LWA has been found to have the superior performance as compared with its counterparts.
32‐Channel self‐grounded bow‐tie transceiver array for cardiac MR at 7.0T
Authors: Eigentler Thomas Wilhelm , Kuehne Andre , Boehmert Laura , Dietrich Sebastian , Els Antje , Waiczies Helmar , Niendorf Thoralf 
Published: June 2021

PurposeDesign, implementation, evaluation, and application of a 32‐channel Self‐Grounded Bow‐Tie (SGBT) transceiver array for cardiac MR (CMR) at 7.0T.MethodsThe array consists of 32 compact SGBT building blocks. Transmission field () shimming and radiofrequency safety assessment were performed with numerical simulations and benchmarked against phantom experiments. In vivo efficiency mapping was conducted with actual flip angle imaging. The array’s applicability for accelerated high spatial resolution 2D FLASH CINE imaging of the heart was examined in a volunteer study (n = 7).Results shimming provided a uniform field distribution suitable for female and male subjects. Phantom studies demonstrated an excellent agreement between simulated and measured efficiency maps (7% mean difference). The SGBT array afforded a spatial resolution of (0.8 × 0.8 × 2.5) mm3 for 2D CINE FLASH which is by a factor of 12 superior to standardized cardiovascular MR (CMR) protocols. The density of the SGBT array supports 1D acceleration of up to R = 4 (mean signal‐to‐noise ratio (whole heart) ≥ 16.7, mean contrast‐to‐noise ratio ≥ 13.5) without impairing image quality significantly.ConclusionThe compact SGBT building block facilitates a modular high‐density array that supports accelerated and high spatial resolution CMR at 7.0T. The array provides a technological basis for future clinical assessment of parallel transmission techniques.
Proposed Standard Weight (Ws) Equation and Length Categories for Utah Chub
Authors: Black Aaron R. , Beard Zachary S. , Flinders Jon M. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Condition indices, such as relative weight (Wr), provide a simple method for comparing length–weight relationships among populations. However, no standard weight (Ws) equation has been developed for Utah Chub Gila atraria, a species of important management focus in the Intermountain West. We obtained length–weight data for 30,541 Utah Chub from 24 populations in Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming. We used the regression line percentile (RLP), linear empirical percentile (EmP), and quadratic EmP methods to develop average (50th percentile) and above average (75th percentile) Ws equations. Additionally, Froese’s method was used to develop another Ws equation for Utah Chub. Length-related biases were detected in Ws equations developed using the RLP, 50th percentile quadratic EmP, and Froese methods. The linear EmP Ws equations did not exhibit length-related biases for the 50th and 75th percentiles. We propose using the 75th percentile linear EmP Ws equation for Utah Chub between 90 and 410 mm TL. The EmP 75th percentile equation was log10(Ws) = −4.938 + 3.031·log10(TL), where Ws is weight in grams and TL is in millimeters. The English equivalent of this equation is log10(Ws) = −3.335 + 3.031·log10(TL), where Ws is weight in pounds and TL is in inches for 4–16-in Utah Chub. Additionally, we propose that minimum TLs of 100 mm (4 in; stock), 200 mm (8 in; quality), 250 mm (10 in; preferred), 300 mm (12 in; memorable), and 380 mm (15 in; trophy) be used to calculate proportional size distribution (PSD) indices. Better understanding Utah Chub populations using Wr and PSDs will aid managers in assessing management strategies (e.g., biological controls) focused on Utah Chub.
Ecological Assessment and Evaluation of Potential Eradication Approaches for Introduced Redside Shiners in a Montane Lake
Authors: Smith Troy W. , Liermann Brad W. , Eby Lisa A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduced species can alter the dynamics of food webs, species interactions, populations, and communities and can reduce a system’s recreational value. Several reports have documented the establishment of Redside Shiners Richardsonius balteatus in mountain lakes, resulting in declines in sizes and abundance of salmonid species. An illegal bait bucket release introduced Redside Shiners into Green Canyon Lake, Montana, USA, in the 1980s. Recently, local anglers began complaining of decreases in size and catch rates of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (WCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi. Our first objective was to understand the diet overlap between Redside Shiners and WCT in Green Canyon Lake. Based on δ15N and δ13C isotopic signatures and diet contents, we found little evidence that WCT were substantially preying upon Redside Shiners. We found moderate diet overlap between WCT and Redside Shiners, with both species predominately feeding on Diptera. For our second objective, we developed a population model to assess potential options for eradicating Redside Shiners. We observed Redside Shiners up to 7 years of age and with a maximum TL of 159 mm, high annual survival (50%), and mature females at age 2. We used an age-structured model to evaluate two hypothetical suppression actions: piscicide application and stocking of Rainbow Trout O. mykiss. Four consecutive piscicide treatments had a 20% probability of eradicating Redside Shiners, increasing to a 100% eradication probability after seven treatments. Bioenergetic simulations indicated that an individual Rainbow Trout (500 g) would consume 1,759 g of Redside Shiners annually. Incorporating this predation mortality and a compensatory response (50% increase in age-1 survival), we estimated that maintained abundances of up to 700 Rainbow Trout would not cause a decline in the Redside Shiner population. Our results suggest that eradication of an introduced prey fish like the Redside Shiner would be difficult and that effective removal will require dedicated effort and resources by managers.
Semi‐analytical smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics correction factors for polynomial kernels and piecewise‐planar boundaries
Authors: Kostorz Wawrzyniec , Esmail‐Yakas Anton 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work presents a method of exactly and efficiently evaluating integrals of compactly supported (and otherwise) polynomial radial kernels near piecewise‐planar boundaries. The technique is motivated by and has an immediate application in the smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics method employing the semi‐analytical boundary formulation. The current implementation is exact and fully general, avoiding any need for symbolic or numerical integration which previous implementations rely on. A detailed derivation and three compact implementations are provided and the latter can be easily modified to fit new and existing simulation codes. Applications and good performance are demonstrated on a number of test problems, where the semi‐analytical boundary method can simulate complex boundaries using roughly half the boundary particles required in a ghost particle boundary method.
The use of oral and enteral tube‐fed arginine supplementation in pressure injury care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheshmeh Sahar , Hojati Niloofar , Mohammadi Arman , Rahmani Negin , Moradi Shima , Pasdar Yahya , Elahi Negin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimPressure injuries (PIs) are one of the most common complications related to immobility, especially in hospitalized patients, which lead to increased morbidity, infection and overall decreased quality of life. Arginine supplementation may prevent the development of PIs. This study has summarized the findings of studies on the effect of arginine supplementation on PI healing.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsThis study was conducted on online electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase to identify relevant clinical trial studies up to September 2020. The pooled effect size of arginine supplement effects on PI was evaluated with standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsEight studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta‐analysis with 196 patients. PIs were significantly improved with Arginine supplementation (SMD: −0.6; CI 95%: −0.9 to −0.3, I2: 72.5%, p = .001). Subgroup analysis showed that administering Arginine supplement more than 15 g/day had more beneficial effects on the healing of PIs (SMD: −2.8; CI 95%: −4.08 to −1.52, I2: 54.7%, p = .138).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the administration of Arginine supplement in patients with PIs can accelerate the healing of this type of ulcer. Arginine is a supplement, and primary treatment is still needed to optimize PI healing. Therefore, arginine supplementation in addition to primary treatment seems to be an appropriate approach for the healing of PIs. Further well‐designed studies are necessary to prevent the development of PIs compared to their primary treatment.
Preparation and hydrophobicity modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) membranes for pervaporation separation of volatile organic compound from water
Authors: Miranmousavi Haniyeh Sadat , Saljoughi Ehsan , Mousavi Seyed Mahmoud , Kiani Shirin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, novel nanocomposite membranes were fabricated for the removal of isopropyl benzene, a volatile organic compound (VOC), from water via pervaporation (PV). The membranes were made of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) copolymer. In order to improve the hydrophobic properties of the membranes, hydrophobic silica nanoparticles that had been surface modified by hexamethyldisilazane were used as the nanofiller in the PV membranes, for the first time. Incorporating hydrophobic silica nanoparticles into PVDF‐HFP and increasing its concentration up to 9 wt% enhanced membrane hydrophobicity. Evaluation of membrane performance in VOC separation from water showed that the membrane containing 9 wt% of silica had the highest VOC separation factor, so that the values of total flux, separation factor, and PV separation index (PSI) were 3.77 g/m2/h; 42,483.81; and 158,788.50 g/m2/h for this membrane, respectively. The separation factor and PSI value of the mentioned membrane were almost 204 and 5 times higher than that of the neat PVDF‐HFP membrane.