bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to evaluate body length of live aquatic vertebrates using digital images
Authors: Arismendi Ivan , Bury Gwen , Zatkos Lauren , Snyder Jeff , Lindley David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraditional methods to measure body lengths of aquatic vertebrates rely on anesthetics, and extended handling times. These procedures can increase stress, potentially affecting the animal's welfare after its release. We developed a simple procedure using digital images to estimate body lengths of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) and larval coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). Images were postprocessed using ImageJ2. We measured more than 900 individuals of these two species from 200 pool habitats along 9.6 river kilometers. The percent error (mean ± SE) of our approach compared to the use of a traditional graded measuring board was relatively small for all length metrics of the two species. Total length of trout was −2.2% ± 1.0. Snout–vent length and total length of larval salamanders was 3.5% ± 3.3 and −0.6% ± 1.7, respectively. We cross‐validated our results by two independent observers that followed our protocol to measure the same animals and found no significant differences (p > .7) in body size distributions for all length metrics of the two species. Our procedure provides reliable information of body size reducing stress and handling time in the field. The method is transferable across taxa and the inclusion of multiple animals per image increases sampling efficiency with stored images that can be reviewed multiple times. This practical tool can improve data collection of animal size over large sampling efforts and broad spatiotemporal contexts.
A coherent, representative, and bioregional marine reserve network shows consistent change in rocky reef fish assemblages
Authors: Knott N. A. , Williams J. , Harasti D. , Malcolm H. A. , Coleman M. A. , Kelaher B. P. , Rees M. J. , Schultz A. , Jordan A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWorldwide, several countries have established coherent, representative, and large‐scale networks of marine reserves to conserve biodiversity. Very few have, however, published systematic assessments of the ecological responses to this network protection, hindering broad understanding of their generality, utility, and efficacy. We present data collected from systematic sampling of rocky reef fish assemblages at sites across a network of 27 no‐take marine reserve areas (NTMR) and 27 partially protected areas (PPA) nested within multiple marine parks (regional networks) across three Australian bioregions spanning >1000 km of coastline (7° latitude) to test the generality of ecological change across this network. We also sampled 18 reference areas (outside of the marine parks) to provide an independent assessment of potential NTMR effects and also to assess whole marine park effects. Baited remote underwater video (BRUV) was used to sample fishes between depths of 20–40 m over austral winters in four years (2010, 2011, 2015, and 2016). Despite substantial bioregional differences in fish assemblages, large and consistent effects of NTMR protection were detected across all bioregions for a key commercially and recreationally harvested species, Chrysophrys auratus (pink snapper). There were substantial increases in relative abundance of C. auratus in NTMR compared with fished zones through time (effect sizes >150%). The wider assemblage of targeted fish (excluding C. auratus) only showed relatively small effects of protection (~11%) with trends observed for site‐attached wrasses (labrids) and planktivores (e.g., commercially fished Scorpis lineolata) that are recreationally and commercially harvested. Furthermore, the relative abundance of non‐target or by‐catch species generally did not differ among management zones across the bioregional network. These results highlight how NTMR can be used to assess the ecological effects of fishing and wider environmental management, and can be incorporated into ecosystem‐based management for reef species more generally. Importantly, the provision of robust evidence of the performance and generality of NTMR over large‐spatial scales (e.g., bioregions) provides greater confidence in the expected outcomes from marine reserve networks as a conservation management approach.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties of Pyrene‐Naphthalimide Derivatives as Emissive Materials for Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Boonnab Sumita , Chaiwai Chaiyon , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Manyum Thanaporn , Namuangruk Supawadee , Chitpakdee Chirawat , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of axially linked pyrene‐naphthalimide fluorophores (N2Py, N4Py, and BNPy) bearing a different number of 1,8‐naphthalimide units substituted on pyrene and bis‐pyrene cores were designed and synthesized using palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions in a stepwise synthetic manner. These molecules were chemically characterized, and their photoelectric properties were explored by spectroscopy, electrochemical and theoretical studies. They exhibited push‐pull characteristics with intense fluorescence in solutions, strong solvatochromic behaviors, good thermal and electrochemical stabilities. N2Py, N4Py, and BNPy were successfully applied as emitters in solution‐processed OLED devices, which resulted in blue‐green emissions with promising device performance. Particularly, the BNPy‐based device achieved the best EL results with a maximum brightness of 3389 cd m−2, a maximum EQE of 3.98 %, a maximum LE of 3.22 cd A−1, and a low turn‐on voltage of 3.2 V.
Label‐free Electrochemical Immunosensor for Sensitive Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomarker Anti‐CCP‐ab
Authors: Ma Jing , Li Dai , Sun Bolu , Hou Xiaohui , Zhang‐Peng Xinru , Li Wen , Zhang Yan , Hu Fangdi , Shi Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe accurate and sensitive analysis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) trace biomarkers is essential for early warning and diagnosis of RA, while anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti‐CCP‐ab) is a specific one. In this study, a simple label‐free electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of anti‐CCP‐ab was constructed with nitrogen‐doped graphene (N−G) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The proposed non‐enzyme immunosensor had exhibited high specificity, selectivity, and stability in the linear calibration curve range from 0.125∼2000 pg mL‐1 and has been successfully used in the detection of anti‐CCP‐ab in human serum, providing a new idea for the early diagnosis of RA.
Variations in rill morphology on unpaved road surfaces and their controlling factors
Authors: Cao Longxi , Wang Yi , Li Yu , Li Xin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRills play important roles in hillslope soil loss as both sediment sources and concentrated flow routes. The construction of unpaved roads in hilly regions changes the underlying surface conditions and leads to unique rill development. Via a terrestrial laser scanning‐aided field survey of eight typical unpaved road segments in the hilly red soil region of China, road surface rill morphology was quantified in detail based on 0.05 m‐resolution digital elevation models. The results illustrated that the rill network on a road segment was mainly composed of one major rill. The average rill network bifurcation ratio was 5.04, and the ratio was closely correlated with road surface area. Rill width and cross‐sectional area (CSA) generally increased along roads, and ephemeral gullies formed in the lower part of some road segments. Slope length, gradient and surface roughness of the underlying road were closely related to the rill morphology factors. The winding roads exhibited higher rill widths, depths and CSAs in straight or highly curved road segments than in other segments. Intergraded factors composed of slope length and gradient were proposed to establish prediction equations for rill and gully CSA. The critical slope gradient and length for rill initiation were negatively related to each other, and the average critical slope was 7.4%. Similarly, the positions of the peak CSA were determined by a function of slope gradient and contributing road length (L = 46.98/sin[S] − 174.3). These results can help guide the prediction of road surface rill soil loss and the design of conservation treatments.
An efficient quasi‐Newton method for three‐dimensional steady free surface flow
Authors: Demeester Toon , van Brummelen E. Harald , Degroote Joris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we introduce the Free surface Quasi‐Newton method with Least‐Squares and Surrogate (FreQ‐LeSS) to solve steady free surface flows, as encountered in, for example, marine applications. The method has two important advantages over other methods. First of all it is fast thanks to the efficient iterative scheme based on quasi‐Newton iterations that make use of an advanced surrogate model. Second, it has good compatibility because it poses no special requirements on the flow solver that is called in the algorithm. The excellent convergence speed of the FreQ‐LeSS method is demonstrated for a shallowly submerged submarine: good quality wave patterns are obtained in few iterations. These results match with ISIS‐CFD, validating the FreQ‐LeSS method. The total cost of solving this steady free surface problem is only a few times that of solving a steady single‐phase flow with fixed free surface position. We conclude that FreQ‐LeSS promises to be much faster than the two‐phase time‐stepping methods typically used to solve these problems, and provides a sharper interface at the same time thanks to the fitting approach. In the present work, we restrict ourselves to problems without surface‐penetrating objects, to avoid the associated complications related to the contact‐line motion.
Formation of biogenic amines in fish: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment
Authors: El‐Ghareeb Waleed Rizk , Elhelaly Abdelazim Elsayed , Abdallah Karima Mohamed Eissa , El‐Sherbiny Heba Mohamed M , Darwish Wageh Sobhy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiogenic amines (BAs) are toxicants that are produced during the proteolytic activities of some microorganisms, or naturally during the metabolism of their precursor amino acids. The objective of this study was to estimate the formed BAs in six types of fish retailed in Egypt including tilapia, mullet, mackerel, sardine, herring, and tuna. In addition, total mesophilic (TMC) and total psychrophilic (TPsC) bacterial counts were investigated. Furthermore, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of BAs via the ingestion of various types of fish in Egypt were calculated, and their potential health risks were discussed. The achieved results indicated the formation of histamine (HIS), tyramine (TYR), cadaverine (CAD), putrescine, spermine, and spermidine at different concentrations. Tilapia had the lowest concentration levels for the different BAs. In contrast, mackerel and tuna had the highest concentrations of BAs. Total biogenic amines (TBAs) showed significant positive correlations with TMC in the examined fish species. The recorded EDI values of the different BAs in the current study would not have adverse effects, except for mackerel and tuna. Excessive consumption of fish contaminated with BA might have serious health hazards such as symptoms of histamine poisoning, including rashes, flushing, palpitations, and asthma. Therefore, the adoption of strict hygienic measures during the processing, storage, and distribution of fish is highly recommended to reduce the formation of BAs in fish.
Unintended consequences of promotions: Importance of annual incentives for performance management systems
Authors: Dutta Debolina , Kumar Kunal Kamal , Mishra Sushanta Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith increased globalization, multinational enterprises (MNEs) have become pervasive in emerging economies such as India. Given that employee performance is multidimensional and culture‐bound, the management of performance in MNEs is very critical for the successful implementation of their business strategy. We focus on promotions and incentives as they are considered the two crucial aspects of any performance management system. Based on a multisource, temporal study spanning over 19 months, we tested the interaction effect of promotion and annual incentive on employee outcomes. We conducted interviews of 15 senior officers in phase 2 to understand the inconsistencies in our findings. The contribution of the study to industry and academia are discussed.
Impact of whole‐body versus nose‐only inhalation exposure systems on systemic, respiratory, and cardiovascular endpoints in a 2‐month cigarette smoke exposure study in the ApoE−/− mouse model
Authors: Kogel Ulrike , Wong Ee Tsin , Szostak Justyna , Tan Wei Teck , Lucci Francesco , Leroy Patrice , Titz Bjoern , Xiang Yang , Low Tiffany , Wong Sin Kei , Guedj Emmanuel , Ivanov Nikolai V. , Schlage Walter K. , Peitsch Manuel C. , Kuczaj Arkadiusz , Vanscheeuwijck Patrick , Hoeng Julia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCigarette smoking is one major modifiable risk factor in the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. To characterize and compare cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced disease endpoints after exposure in either whole‐body (WB) or nose‐only (NO) exposure systems, we exposed apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice to filtered air (Sham) or to the same total particulate matter (TPM) concentration of mainstream smoke from 3R4F reference cigarettes in NO or WB exposure chambers (EC) for 2 months. At matching TPM concentrations, we observed similar concentrations of carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde, and acrolein, but higher concentrations of nicotine and formaldehyde in NOEC than in WBEC. In both exposure systems, CS exposure led to the expected adaptive changes in nasal epithelia, altered lung function, lung inflammation, and pronounced changes in the nasal epithelial transcriptome and lung proteome. Exposure in the NOEC caused generally more severe histopathological changes in the nasal epithelia and a higher stress response as indicated by body weight decrease and lower blood lymphocyte counts compared with WB exposed mice. Erythropoiesis, and increases in total plasma triglyceride levels and atherosclerotic plaque area were observed only in CS‐exposed mice in the WBEC group but not in the NOEC group. Although the composition of CS in the breathing zone is not completely comparable in the two exposure systems, the CS‐induced respiratory disease endpoints were largely confirmed in both systems, with a higher magnitude of severity after NO exposure. CS‐accelerated atherosclerosis and other pro‐atherosclerotic factors were only significant in WBEC.
Effect of heparinization on promoting angiogenesis of decellularized kidney scaffolds
Authors: Zhou Lebin , Wang Zhiyi , Wang Zhibin , Zhu Junyi , Feng Yulu , Zhang Deming , Shen Chenfang , Ye Xiaoting , Zhu Jieyang , Wei Peng , Mei Jin , Zhang Jianse 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNative decellularized extracellular matrix provides an adequate platform for tissues and organs and promotes the development of organogenesis and tissue remodeling. However, thrombosis poses a great challenge that hinders the transplantation for a substantial organ in vivo. Therefore, anticoagulation and re‐reendothelialization of organ biological scaffolds are the primary concerns to be addressed before orthotopic transplantation. Herein, a heparinized decellularized kidney scaffold (HEP‐DKSs) was prepared using end‐point attachment technology, followed by binding the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to greatly improve the hemocompatibility and angiogenesis of DKSs. Based on the anticoagulant, co‐culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and subcapsular transplantation of kidney experiments, HEP‐VEGF‐DKSs are shown to reduce platelet adhesion, which is crucial for subsequent vascularization and slow release of heparin and VEGF, suggesting its ability of improve neovascularization. Taken together, these data indicated an optimal anticoagulation function of HEP‐VEGF‐DKSs and the potential of vascularization for regeneration of whole decellularized kidney.
Postpartum during COVID‐19 pandemic: Portuguese mothers' mental health, mindful parenting, and mother–infant bonding
Authors: Fernandes Daniela V. , Canavarro Maria C. , Moreira Helena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMillions of people worldwide have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which has impacted maternal mental health and mother–infant relationships during the postpartum period.ObjectivesTo explore how mothers' anxious and depressive symptoms, parenting stress, mindful parenting, and mother–infant bonding vary as a function of the moment of the baby's birth (pre‐COVID‐19 or post‐COVID‐19) and to examine the contribution of those variables to mother–infant bonding.MethodsThe sample was recruited online and comprises 567 mothers (18–46 years) with an infant aged between 0 and 12 months old.ResultsApproximately 27.5% of the mothers presented clinically significant levels of anxious and depressive symptoms. Mothers who gave birth during the COVID‐19 pandemic presented lower levels of Emotional Awareness of the Child and a more impaired mother–infant bonding than mothers who gave birth before the pandemic started. Approximately 49% of the mother–infant bonding variance was explained by parenting stress and by several dimensions of mindful parenting.ConclusionOur findings provide important insights into the impact of COVID‐19 on maternal mental health and parenting.
How Outward Bound co‐instructor relationships create a context for emotional support during stressful course situations
Authors: McGovern Gina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractYouth program leaders may experience considerable stress when they encounter emotionally demanding situations in their work. This stress can negatively affect their well‐being or interfere with their ability to provide meaningful experiences for youth. Using Outward Bound (OB) youth expedition courses as a context, this study examined how co‐instructors provided emotional support to instructors during stressful situations. Qualitative analysis of 31 OB instructor interviews showed co‐instructors used three strategies: allowing instructors to momentarily exit the situation, validating instructors' emotions, and reframing negative situations. In addition, certain relationship factors facilitated the provision of support: building holistic relationships, establishing open communication patterns, and conveying commitment. The findings suggest that these factors increased instructors' perception of support availability, which facilitated them receiving support. This study makes a strong case for the value of co‐worker relationships as a source of support for individuals in occupations where they experience emotionally stressful work situations.
Detection of Escherichia coli using luminometer with pyruvate kinase
Authors: Liu Huaiqun , Shen Yuanyuan , Zhao Peng , Liu Yuxin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPortable and quantitative detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) has the potential to reform clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. At present, most commercial devices used for pathogen detection have disadvantages such as expensive, highly complex operations, or limited detection specificity. Using the common luminometer and the properties of pyruvate kinase utilizing phosphoenolpyruvate to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), we have developed a method that could specifically quantify E. coli. The system is based on a sandwich hybridization procedure wherein both oligonucleotide probes recognize each end of the target of pathogenic 16S rRNAs segment. The detection probe DNA‐conjugated pyruvate kinase can link ATP production to the detection of pathogenic nucleic acid in the samples. The luminometer‐based system is capable of detecting E. coli with single bacteria resolution. The platform should be easily used to the detection of many other toxic analytes through the application of suitable functional‐DNA recognition elements.
Palaeolithic archaeology of the Bytham River: human occupation of Britain during the early Middle Pleistocene and its European context
Authors: Davis Rob , Ashton Nick , Hatch Marcus , Hoare Peter G. , Lewis Simon G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe Early and early Middle Pleistocene archaeological record in Britain from c. 900 to 500 ka marks a critical shift in human occupation of northwest Europe, from occasional pioneer populations with simple core and flake technology to more widespread occupation associated with the appearance of Acheulean technology. Key to understanding this record are the fluvial deposits of the extinct Bytham River in central East Anglia, where a series of Lower Palaeolithic sites lie on a 15 km stretch of the former river. In this paper we present the results of new fieldwork and a reanalysis of historical artefact collections of handaxes and scrapers to: 1) establish the chronostratigraphic context of the Bytham archaeological record; 2) examine variability in lithic artefact typology and technology through time; and 3) explore the implications for understanding variation in lithic technology in the European record. Six phases of occupation of Britain are identified from at least marine isotope stage (MIS) 21 to MIS 13, with the last three phases characterised by distinctive lithic technology. We argue that this relates to the discontinuous occupation of Britain, where each phase represents the arrival of new groups derived from different European populations with distinctive material culture.
Cognitive Processing Therapy for Substance‐Involved Sexual Assault: Does an Account Help or Hinder Recovery?
Authors: Jaffe Anna E. , Kaysen Debra , Smith Brian N. , Galovski Tara , Resick Patricia A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSexual assault (SA) often occurs in the context of substances, which can impair the trauma memory and contribute to negative cognitions like self‐blame. Although these factors may affect posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment, outcomes for substance‐involved SA have not been evaluated or compared with other types of SA. As such, we conducted a secondary analysis of a dismantling trial for cognitive processing therapy (CPT), focusing on 58 women with an index trauma of SA that occurred since age 14. Women who experienced a substance‐involved SA (n = 21) were compared with those who experienced a non–substance‐involved SA (n = 37). Participants were randomized to CPT, CPT with written account (CPT+A), or written account only (WA). Regressions controlling for pretreatment symptom levels revealed no differences by SA type in PTSD severity at posttreatment. At 6‐month follow‐up, substance‐involved SA was associated with more severe residual PTSD severity than non–substance‐involved SA, with no significant differences by treatment condition. Among participants in the substance‐involved SA group, the largest effect for reduced PTSD symptom severity from pretreatment to follow‐up emerged in the CPT condition, d = −2.02, with reductions also observed in the CPT+A, d = −0.92, and WA groups, d = −1.23. Although more research in larger samples is needed, these preliminary findings suggest that following substance‐involved SA, a cognitive treatment approach without a trauma account may facilitate lasting change in PTSD symptoms. We encourage replications to better understand the relative value of cognitive and exposure‐based treatment for PTSD following substance‐involved SAs.