bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’ermeneutica filosofica come sfondo teorico della bioetica
Authors: Pessina Adriano 
Published: January 2021

L’articolo esamina il rapporto tra l’ermeneutica filosofica e la bioetica, discutendo criticamente alcune tesi al riguardo di Hans Georg Gadamer, e argomenta la possibilità di uno statuto epistemologico della bioetica.
L’Autore ritiene, infatti, che la verità nella ricerca di impianti teorici di bioetica che molti studiosi – soprattutto di formazione bioetica – tentano per fornire un quadro valutativo che si armonizzi con le concrete esigenze operative sollecitate dal progresso scientifico altro non riveli che una situazione di “fluidità” epistemologica della bioetica. Tale situazione, poi, viene enfatizzata dalla perdurante crisi dei modelli della razionalità occidentale e che coinvolge sia le discipline scientifiche sia la filosofia.
La prospettiva ermeneutica intende mostrare che 1. la fluidità e la storicità dlle valutazioni e delle procedure di intervento costituiscono una condizione insuperabile; 2; la fusione tra l’atto della comprensione e il momento dell’applicazione sono necessari. Tenuto conto di certe pretese riduzionistiche della stessa ermeneutica, allora la giustificazione della bioetica come episteme passa attraverso la confutazione di tali pretese.
L’articolo, intatti, sostiene la legittimità della bioetica non solo a livello pratico-valutativo, ma anche teorico-normativo.
I cattolici messi di fronte alle strategie pro-eutanasia e pro-aborto
Authors: Fleming John I. 
Published: January 2021

I cattolici spesso si trovano esclusi ed emarginati dai dibattiti politici pubblici sull’aborto e l’eutanasia. Questo perché i sostenitori dell’aborto e dell’eutanasia legalizzati nelle attuali democrazie secolari e pluraliste hanno con successo definito l’opposizione cattolica come “fondata sulla religione, e quindi base rischiosa per la politica”. I cattolici, so sostiene, non dovrebbero cercare di imporre le loro opinioni sugli altri, ma dovrebbero rispettare l’autonomia degli individui a scegliere come reputano meglio per se stessi .
In realtà sono i sostenitori dell’aborto e dell’eutanasia che cercano di attaccare i valori comunemente condivisi grazie ai quali le persone nelle società civili sono capaci di vivere insieme in pace e giustizia. la Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti dell’Uomo e gli altri strumenti per i diritti umani testimoniano per gli inalienabili ed inviolabili diritti alla libertà e alla vita del nascituro. Questi stessi documenti vietano la legalizzazione della eutanasia volontaria in quanto qualsiasi concessione ad uccidere un innocente e la tratta degli schiavi (anche quando accettati volontariamente dagli individui) rappresentano una minaccia alla vita ed alla libertà di cittadini innocenti. I Cattolici possono entrare nei dibattiti politici pubblici sulle questioni della vita sulla base dei valori internazionalmente accettati, i quali sono in armonia con la tradizione morale cattolica.
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Changes Leukocyte Number and Oxidative Stress in the Lung and Blood of Female BALB/c Mice
Authors: Hedayati-Moghadam Mahdiyeh , Rezaee S. A. Rahim , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein , Mohamadian Roshan Nema , Saadat Saeideh , Bavarsad Kowsar , Niazmand Saeed 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1(HTLV-1) infection is likely to induce nonneoplastic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the leukocytes' number alteration and oxidative stress in the lung and blood of HTLV-1-infected BALB/c mice, which could be of benefit for the recognition of HTLV-1 mechanism in the induction of pulmonary disorders.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty female BALB/c mice were divided into two groups of control and HTLV-1-infected animals. The HTLV-1-infected group was inoculated with 106 MT-2 HTLV-1-infected cells. Two months later, the infection was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and then lung pathological changes, total and differential inflammatory cell counts in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), along with oxidative stress biomarker levels in the BALF and lung tissue were evaluated.

Results:
In the HTLV-1-infected group, the peribronchitis score (P < 0.01), the number of total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes (P < 0.05) in the blood and BALF were increased. The number of eosinophils in the blood of the HTLV-1-infected group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.01), whereas the number of basophils of BALF was increased in the HTLV-1-infected group (P < 0.001). The lung and BALF oxidative stress results showed that the MDA level was increased, while the total thiol level and superoxide dismutase activity were decreased in the HTLV-1-infected group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The HTLV-1 infection seems to induce pulmonary inflammatory reactions by recruiting leukocytes as well as inducing oxidative stress in the lung tissue.
Prognostic markers for severity, activity, and recurrence of alopecia areata
Authors: Sorour Neveen E. , Tabl Hala A.E.M. , Hamed Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is considered an autoimmune disorder caused by altered T-cell-mediated immunity. MicroRNAs (miR) are important translational regulators of genes in various tissues and biological processes involved in autoimmune responses and have been identified in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and type I diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about their role in pathogenesis of AA.

Objective
To assess serum levels of miR-155 and miR-146a in patients with AA and to correlate them with different clinical variables.

Patients and methods
MiR-155 and miR-146a serum levels were identified by real-time PCR in 50 patients with AA and 50 healthy age-matched and sex-matched patients as controls. Disease severity in the patients was assessed by Severity of Alopecia Tool score.

Results
There was a statistically significant increase in serum miR-155 and miR-146a levels in patients with AA than in controls. A significant increase in serum levels of miR-155 was found in patients with active disease and recurrent lesions of AA, whereas significant increase in serum level of miR-146a was found in patients with recurrent disease only. Significant positive correlations were found between serum miR-155 and miR-146a levels and disease severity.

Conclusion
Serum levels of miR-155 and miR-146a seem to have an essential role in the etiopathogenesis of AA and could be markers for severity and early detection of recurrent AA. In addition, serum miR-155 could be a marker of activity in AA, whereas serum miR-146a could be a marker of multiplicity. Further understanding of the function and regulation of miR-155 and miR-146a could be of great value for the introduction of new therapeutic approaches for AA.
Expression of liver X receptor-α in lesional and perilesional skin in patients with psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Farag Azza G.A. , Maree Alaa H. , Samaka Rehab M. , Zalata Mai A.A. , Shehata Wafaa A. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Psoriasis is a common chronic recurrent immune-mediated disease of the skin. Liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-α) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. LXR-α was found to be expressed in the skin.

Objective
To assess immunohistochemical expression of LXR-α in psoriatic (perilesional and perilesional) skin compared with control and to correlate its expression with the clinical and histopathological parameters of that disease in the studied patients.

Patients and methods
This case–control study was carried out on 76 participants, including 38 patients having chronic plaque psoriasis, besides 38 age-matched and sex-matched apparently normal volunteers (control group). The severity of psoriasis was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. The skin biopsies were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining of LXR-α.

Results
There was a significant stepladder downregulation of LXR-α from control to perilesional psoriatic skin, ending with lesional psoriatic skin, regarding its expression and H score in epidermis and dermal elements (P<0.001 for all). In the dermis, LXR-α topography was cytoplasmic in all psoriatic (perilesional and lesional) skin sections (100%) versus 22.2% in controls, where it was nucleocytoplasmic in 28 (77.8%) sections. Moreover, epidermal keratinocytes LXR-α demonstrated cytoplasmic localization in nearly all psoriatic sections (100% lesional and 90.9% perilesional) versus 18.9% controls (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Decreased LXR-α in psoriatic tissue may participate actively in psoriasis. LXR-α agonist may be of value in psoriasis management program.
Clinical Determinants of Severe COVID-19 Disease – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sahu Ankit Kumar , Mathew Roshan , Aggarwal Praveen , Nayer Jamshed , Bhoi Sanjeev , Satapathy Swayamjeet , Ekka Meera 
Published: January 2021

Background:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of available studies was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics that can predict COVID-19 disease severity.

Materials and Methods:
Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from December 31, 2019, to May 24, 2020. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for summarizing the Pooled odds ratio (pOR) of individual clinical characteristics to describe their association with severe COVID-19 disease.

Results:
A total of 3895 articles were identified, and finally, 22 studies comprising 4380 patients were included. Severe disease was more common in males than females (pOR: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.70). Clinical features that were associated with significantly higher odds of severe disease were abdominal pain (pOR: 6.58, 95% CI: 1.56–27.67), breathlessness (pOR: 3.94, 95% CI: 2.55–6.07), and hemoptysis (pOR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.05–10.74). pOR was highest for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pOR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.70–5.02), followed by obesity (pOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.19–6.77), malignancy (pOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.25–4.52), diabetes (pOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.56–3.39), hypertension (pOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.23–2.42), cardiovascular disease (pOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.31–1.98) and chronic kidney disease (pOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06–2.02), for predicting severe COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Our analysis describes the association of specific symptoms and comorbidities with severe COVID-19 disease. Knowledge of these clinical determinants will assist the clinicians in the risk-stratification of these patients for better triage and clinical management.
Adolescent Females are More Susceptible than Males for Tuberculosis
Authors: Thakur Suman , Chauhan Vivek , Kumar Ravinder , Beri Gopal 
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives:
Published literature is silent about the gender gap in tuberculosis (TB) among adolescent (10–19 years) population despite extensive information on increased susceptibility of the male gender after 20 years. We analyzed the data from 1113 adolescent microbiologically confirmed TB cases using cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) in 2019 in the State of Himachal Pradesh (HP), India.

Materials and Methods:
The data generated by 39 CBNAAT sites in HP were analyzed with an objective to describe the gender gap in TB among adolescents.

Results:
Among 983 patients with pulmonary TB (PTB), the male: female ratio was 1:1.5 (P = 0.0001), whereas in 130 patients with extra PTB (EPTB), the male: female ratio was 1:1.8 (P = 0.0001). This male: female ratio was seen to reverse after 20 years for PTB, and but it persisted till 40 years for EPTB. Two main forms of TB that were significantly high in females during adolescence were PTB and lymph node TB (P = 0.0001).

Interpretation and Conclusions:
Significant gender difference with female susceptibility was seen for TB among adolescents, a fact that needs more research. Adolescent TB is a neglected area with little published data driven mainly by the fact that most countries report their TB population above and below 15 years, dividing the adolescent population into two halves. The world needs to acknowledge adolescents (10–19 years) as a separate important group for reporting TB statistics.
Investigating the Dosimetric Characteristics of Microbeam Radiation Treatment
Authors: Zabihzadeh Mansour , Rabiei Atefeh , Shahbazian Hojattollah , Razmjoo Sasan 
Published: January 2021

Background:
High-radiation therapeutic gain could be achieved by the modern technique of microbeam radiation treatment (MRT). The aim of this study was to investigate the dosimetric properties of MRT.

Methods:
The EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) code system was used to transport photons and electrons in MRT. The mono-energetic beams (1 cm × 1 cm array) of 50, 100, and 150 keV and the spectrum photon beam (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility [ESRF]) were modeled to transport through multislit collimators with the aperture's widths of 25 and 50 μm and the center-to-center (c-t-c) distance between two adjacent microbeams (MBs) of 200 μm. The calculated phase spaces at the upper surface of water phantom (1 cm × 1 cm) were implemented in DOSXYZnrc code to calculate the percentage depth dose (PDD), the dose profile curves (in depths of 0–1, 1–2, and 3–4 cm), and the peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs).

Results:
The PDD, dose profile curves, and PVDRs were calculated for different effective parameters. The more flatness of lateral dose profile was obtained for the ESRF spectrum MB. With constant c-t-c distance, an increase in the MB size increased the peak and valley dose; simultaneously, the PVDR was larger for the 25 μm MB (33.5) compared to 50 μm MB (21.9) beam, due to the decreased scattering photons followed to the lower overlapping of the adjacent MBs. An increase in the depth decreased the PVDRs (i.e., 54.9 in depth of 0–1 cm).

Conclusion:
Our MC model of MRT successfully calculated the effect of dosimetric parameters including photon's energy, beam width, and depth to estimate the dose distribution.
Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Robotic Stapler Use in Robotic-Assisted Donor Nephrectomy
Authors: Giffen Zane , Ezzone Austin , Ekwenna Obi 
Published: January 2021

Main Problem: Robotic-assisted techniques are common for living-donor nephrectomy. While robotic stapling offers increased surgeon control, there is limited comparative data versus laparoscopic linear stapler use for ligation of renal vessels.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 32 consecutive robotic-assisted donor nephrectomies by a single surgeon for perioperative outcomes.
Results: Patients in the robotic stapler (RS; N=20) and laparoscopic stapler (LS; N=12) groups were comparable in terms of age and BMI. Estimated blood loss (p = 0.62), warm ischemia time (p=0.50), and console time (p=0.56) were similar between the RS and LS groups. There were no stapler misfires or major intraoperative complications in either group and no cases required conversion to open.
Conclusions: Robotic stapler use is safe and effective in robotic-assisted donor nephrectomy. Further research on prevalence of robotic stapler use is needed to quantity the associated complication rate.
Neonatal Ilio-Psoas Abscess: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Sham Minakshi , Singh Dasmit 
Published: January 2021

Ilio-psoas abscess (IPA) is rare in children and exceptional in the neonate. However, we recently managed two consecutive male neonates with right-sided IPA. The first baby was born two days after rupture of the membranes and had thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid. There was no such high risk factor in the second child. Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography in both the patients. Extraperitoneal surgical drainage was done and systemic antibiotics were given. Delay in presentation and uncontrolled sepsis, led to mortality in the first case. On the contrary, relatively early presentation, prompt drainage of the abscess and good response to higher antibiotics, lead to successful salvage of the second baby.
KETELADANAN TANGGUNG JAWAB YESUS SEBAGAI GEMBALA MENJADI DASAR PELAYANAN HAMBA TUHAN MASA KINI
Authors: Rumahorbo Herlince 
Published: January 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan akan pentingnya sebuah keteladanan dalam melayani Tuhan. Keteladanan adalah dasar dari seseorang yang terlibat dalam pelayanan. Baik di keluarga, gereja, sekolah, masyarakat dan negara. Yesus telah meninggalkan sebuah keteladanan ketaataan, kesetiaan, ketulusan, rela berkorban, peduli dan kebajikan lainnya. Ia menuntut umat-Nya khusus hamba-Nya mengikuti teladan-Nya dalam mengembalakan umat-Nya. Pekerjaan yang tidak mengenal batas dan waktu adalah menggembalakan domba. Selain waktu yang dikorbankan, juga tenaga dan dana. Keseriusan dan kesungguhan serta tanggungjawab sebagai gembala, tidak banyak orang yang bersedia atau rela melakukannya. Namun, meskipun demikian Tuhanlah yang memilih, menetapkan dan mengutus seorang gembala untuk memberi makan, merawat, melindungi dari bahaya, dan memelihara dombanya. Tulisan ini bertujuan: 1) memberi pemahaman dan penekanan bahwa seorang gembala perlu menjadi teladan dalam menggembalakan domba Tuhan. 2) Menggembalakan dengan tulus dan kasih. Seorang gembala harus mempertanggungjawabkan semua penyelesaian tugasnya kepada Tuhan Pemberi hidup
PARTISIPASI DAN KEADILAN: STUDI TEOLOGIS DALAM HUBUNGAN MANUSIA DAN TANAH
Authors: Jonar Radius Aditya 
Published: January 2021

The issue of land is an important part in the history of human life. In its development, the land was exploited to meet the growing human needs. This is evident from two cases of land use that existed among Aboriginal communities in Australia and Dayak communities in Ketapang, West Kalimantan. One understanding that can be used in this assistance process is that the process of excessive and arbitrary exploitation of land will have a bad influence on human life itself. Christian theology itself places land as part of nature that is inseparable from human life. The church needs to establish itself as part of this awareness process because if it does not, the church will face its responsibilities before God as the Creator. Persoalan tanah adalah bagian penting dalam sejarah kehidupan manusia. Dalam perkembangannya tanah diesksploitasi demi memenuhi kebutuhan manusia yang semakin bertambah. Hal ini tampak jelas dari dua kasus pemanfaatan tanah yang ada di tengah masyarakat Aborigin di Australia dan masyarakat Dayak yang ada di Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat. Satu pemahaman yang dapat dipakai dalam proses pendampingan ini adalah proses eksploitasi yang berlebihan dan semena-mena terhadap tanah akan memiliki pengaruh buruk bagi kehidupan manusia itu sendiri. Teologi Kristen sendiri menempatkan tanah sebagai bagian dari alam yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Gereja perlu membangun dirinya sebagai bagian dari proses penyadaran ini sebab jika tidak, maka gereja akan berhadapan dengan tanggung-jawabnya di hadapan Tuhan sebagai Sang Pencipta.
PLURALISME OIKUMENIS DAN IMPLIKASI PELAYANAN PASTORAL
Authors: NAINUPU MARTHEN 
Published: January 2021

Hadirnya milenium ketiga dengan kecanggihan teknologinya, sudah menyatukan berbagai belahan bumi yang sebelumnya terasa sangat berjauhan, kini sudah sangat dekat bahkan telah menjadi sebuah kampung kecil. Seiring dengan hal itu telah lahir pula suatu kesadaran baru akan pluralisme, terutama pluralisme agama-agama dalam masyarakat postmodern ini dan secara lebih khusus lagi pluralisme oikumenis. Kehadiran pluralisme mendorong untuk melakukan pendekatanpendekatan baru terhadap pelayanan pastoral, tetapi sekaligus melahirkan sikap pro dan kontra di tengah masyarakat gereja. Artikel ini mencoba untuk menelusuri akar-akar pluralisme serta beberapa problem yang ditimbulkan olehnya. Fakta pluralitas di tengah kalangan masyarakat gereja menuntut suatu sikap bijak dalam merespon pluralisme oikumenis , guna membangun dan mengembangkan suatu semangat kerja sama di antara para pelayan pastoral bagi keluasan kerajaan Allah. Kata kunci: Pluralisme, Ekskulivisme, Inklusivisme, Pluralisme oikumenis, Pelayanan pastoral yang berpusat pada Alkitab dan tradisi pelayanan pastoral.
MEMBACA TEKS KEKERASAN DALAM YOSUA 11 DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI KEKERASAN ATAS NAMA AGAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suheru Stefanus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis research addresses the problem of violence in the name of religion increasingly widespread in Indonesia. Ironically, the violence is getting legitimacy of scriptural texts, including the Bible. This means, that violence is not only driven by external motives such as political, economic and social development. Internal motives can also make a major contribution, even a major problem. Violence has theological roots, one of them, related to the interpretation of religious texts which, when understood literally, is able to present the figure of a violent religion. Solutions offered in this study is the reading of narratives of violence, with the text of Joshua 11 as an example, using the method of narrative analysis. The results showed that the text of Joshua 11 violence can not justify a Christian to be violent. The image of God as the Divine Warrior is ambiguous, kherem implementation that does not ignore the grace of salvation for outsiders to be insiders, and Israel's war put the violence in the name of religion in a position that is not relevant to the lives of Indonesia plural. Violence texts as core testimonies need to be matched with texts of peace as counter testimonies.AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas masalah kekerasan atas nama agama yang semakin marak di Indonesia. Ironisnya, kekerasan ini mendapatkan legitimasi dari teks-teks kitab suci, termasuk Alkitab. Hal ini berarti, kekerasan tidak hanya dipicu oleh motif-motif eksternal seperti kepentingan politik, ekonomi dan sosial. Motif internal juga dapat memberikan kontribusi yang besar, bahkan merupakan masalah utama. Kekerasan memiliki akar teologis, yang salah satunya, terkait dengan interpretasi teks-teks keagamaan yang ketika dipahami secara literal, mampu menghadirkan sosok agama yang penuh kekerasan. Solusi yang penulis tawarkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pembacaan narasi kekerasan, dengan teks Yosua 11 sebagai contoh, dengan menggunakan metode analisis naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teks kekerasan Yosua 11 tidak bisa dijadikan pembenaran orang Kristen untuk melakukan kekerasan. Citra Allah sebagai Divine Warrior yang ambigu, pelaksanaan kherem yang tidak menutup anugerah keselamatan bagi outsiders sehingga menjadi insiders, dan perang Israel yang bersifat kasuistik, menempatkan kekerasan atas nama agama pada posisi yang tidak relevan dengan kehidupan Indonesia yang majemuk.Teks-teks kekerasan sebagai core testimony perlu ditandingkan dengan teks-teks perdamaian sebagai counter testimony.