bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Properties of Beejamrit, an Ancient Indian Traditional Knowledge, Uncover a Dynamic Plant-Beneficial Microbial Network
Authors: Mukherjee Shibasis , Sain Suchana , Ali Md Nasim , Goswami Rupak , Ravisankar N , Chatterjee Gautam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Beejamrit is an ancient organic formulation commonly used as a seed treatment in organic and natural farming in India. This low-cost input is primarily composed of cow dung, cow urine, and forest soil, which is often supplemented with limestone. In organic agriculture, it is a traditional practice among the farming community to incubate the seeds in Beejamrit prepared overnight before sowing in the field. However, a lack of substantial scientific evidence has been a major limitation to promote this farmers' innovative practice. On the other hand, growing data suggests that cow-based formulations are mostly enriched with microbial sources, including several plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that are capable of synthesizing plant growth regulators. However, the microbiological properties of Beejamrit and their temporal changes over different periods of decomposition are largely unexplored. In this study, we aim to analyze the decomposition rate of Beejamrit over 7-consecutive days of incubation. This study further elucidates the microbial niche and their dynamics in Beejamrit, including the plant-beneficial bacteria. It was observed that the population of plant-beneficial bacteria such as the free-living nitrogen fixers and the phosphate solubilizers proliferates progressively up to 4-days of incubation. Similarly, the indolic compounds, including indole acetic acid, were enriched to the highest concentration in Beejamrit after 4-days of decomposition. Together, our analyses establish that Beejamrit provides a dynamic, microbe-based metabolic network and acts as a plant growth regulator. In conclusion, this study recommends the Beejamrit preparation after 4-days of incubation in the seed treatment and foliar spray to receive its optimum benefits.
Effect of Al3+ Substitution On Magnetic and DC Electrical Resistivity Properties of NiZnCu Nanoferrites
Authors: MURALI N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Al substituted Ni0.4Zn0.35Cu0.25Fe2-xAlxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) samples is synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion process. X-ray diffraction shows its cubic spinel structure. The lattice constant decreases as the Al3+ content increases. The sizes of the crystallites are also decreasing in the range of 32.15 nm to 22.89 nm. The wavenumbers of tetrahedral and octahedral sites sighted in the FT-IR spectra are similar to that of the precursor. The increment in the Al3+ content increases the DC conductivity. The electrical resistivity decrease with an increase in the temperature, i.e., it has a negative temperature coefficient with resistance similar to semiconductors. VSM results show their isotropic nature forming single domain ferrimagnetic particles. The resultant material is widely significant, as indicated by its result.
Effectiveness of a High Intensive Trauma-focused, Family-based Therapy for Youth Exposed to Family Violence: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Fictorie Valerie , Jonkman Caroline , Visser Margreet , Vandenbosch Marjolein , Steketee Majone , Schuengel Carlo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Family violence is a common problem with direct adverse effects on children as well as indirect effects through disruption of parenting and parent-child relationships. The complex interrelationships between family violence, parenting, and relationships make recovery from psychological responses difficult. In more than half of the families referred to mental health care after family violence, the violence continues. Also effect sizes of ‘golden-standard’ treatments are generally lower for complex trauma compared to other forms of trauma. In the treatment of complex trauma, trauma-focused therapies including cognitive restructuring and imaginal exposure are most effective, and intensifying therapy results in faster symptom reduction. Furthermore, there is promising evidence that adding a parental component to individual trauma treatment increases treatment success. In Family-based Intensive Trauma Treatment (FITT) these factors are addressed on an individual and family level in a short period of time to establish long-term effects on the reduction of trauma symptoms and recovery of security in the family. This randomized controlled multicentre study tests if FITT is an effective treatment for concurrent reduction of trauma symptoms of children, improvement of parenting functioning, and increasing emotional and physical security in children, through improvement of parent-child relationships.Methods: The effectiveness of FITT will be tested by a RCT design. 120 adolescents with a history of family violence and PTS symptoms will be randomized to a) an intensive trauma treatment with a parent and systemic component (FITT), b) an intensive trauma treatment without these components (ITT) and c) treatment as usual (TAU, low-frequency trauma treatment with parent therapy and family sessions). Changes in children’s trauma symptoms, child and parent functioning and emotional and physical security in the family will be monitored before, during, after and at 3 months follow-up.Discussion: Comparing these interventions with and without a high intensive frequency and parenting and family components can help to understand if and how these interventions work and can contribute to the ambition to recover from the impact of family violence and restore emotional and physical security for children and young people.Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register Trial NL8592, Registered 4 May 2020. https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8592
Performance of Flowable Concrete in Underground Structures
Authors: Sonule Sandip , H.Jayarama  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Flowable concrete gives special combinations of uniformity, performance and consistency requirements that cannot be possible by traditional normal slump concrete. It is more superior concrete than the traditional concrete with high workability without segregation, bleeding, and is also suitable for use on structures with long distance pumping i.e., more than 120-meter length, for example, in NATM tunnels and cross-passages, and the concrete structure of the station box. Flowable concrete can flow itself without vibration or little bit vibration like surface tamping outer surface of the formwork for achieving a smooth surface finish after de-shuttering. The proportion of the mix is to be used in concrete, it must ensure a balance between deformability and stability. The behavior of concrete can be influenced by the properties of the selected item in the concrete, and the aspect ratio of the mixture. There is a need for the development of a methodology for the design of the flowable concrete mix. The paper presents an experimental procedure for the mix design of flowable concrete for grade M40 and implementation of the same mix at the cast in situ Base slab, Roof slab Rcc walls for underground metro stations, NATM tunnel & cross passages in Mumbai Metro Project, package -UGC-07. The test results for acceptance characteristics of M40 grade flowable concrete such as Slump flow test, compressive strength at the ages of 7, 28, and 56 days determined, and results are included here. Successful production of temperature control flowable concrete from batching plant, transportation, placement procedures, and proper planning of handling and execution of flowable concrete at the site are presented in this article.
Proliferative Effects of Nitrogen Nanobubbles on Fibroblasts
Authors: Heo Hansol , Park Junseon , Lee Jeong Il , Kim Jungho , Park Joong Yull , Kim Jong-Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the potential of nanobubbles (NBs) for biological activation has been actively investigated. In this study, we investigated the proliferative effects of nitrogen nanobubbles (N-NBs) on fibroblast cells using cell assays with image analysis and flow cytometry. A high concentration of N-NBs (more than 4 × 108 NBs/mL) was generated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) using a gas-liquid mixing method. In image analysis, the cells were counted and compared, which showed an 11% improvement in proliferation in the culture medium with N-NBs. In flow cytometry, the decrease in the fluorescence intensity was analyzed, which revealed a 1.5% improvement in proliferation in the culture medium with N-NBs. This study represents the first successful attempt of directly generating quantified NBs in a culture medium for cell culture. The findings suggest that the N-NBs in the culture medium can facilitate cell proliferation.
Continuous Separation of Model Proteins by Free-Flow Field Step Electrophoresis and its Electrokinetic Basis
Authors: Nath Sunil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Continuous separation of cells, cell membranes, and proteins by electrophoretic techniques such as free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE) has a rich history since its introduction sixty years ago by Hannig. However, the results of FFZE, capillary zone electrophoresis, and other similar electrophoretic techniques are limited to analytical scale separations that are not readily extendable to the preparative scale. Moreover, a five- to ten-fold dilution of samples by buffer is common in separations by these techniques. Free-flow field step electrophoresis (FFFSE) is an electrophoretic technique that appears to be suitable for continuous simultaneous preparative separation and concentration and therefore has the power to overcome the above limitations. Here we apply FFFSE to a simple system of model proteins to show proof-of-concept of the technique. A continuous, preparative-scale separation of myoglobin from BSA with a throughput of 20 mg/h and a yield of >98% is shown to be successfully obtained using single-step FFFSE. Most important, it is shown that the preparative FFFSE experiment can be rationally designed, and the results predicted theoretically by use of electrokinetic data recorded in a simple analytical-scale FFZE experiment. This is the first paper to present a theory of separation in FFFSE. The separation is continuous , single-step , and environmental-friendly as no adjuvants are used, with no need for regeneration of components. The electrokinetic basis of the separation appears to be of a general nature. In further research we are testing the limits of the technique, by exploring its extension to more complex systems, and to higher preparative-scale throughputs.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Soda Lime Silica-Based Bioceramics Using Waste as Renewable Sources
Authors: Srin Palakurthy , Azeem P. Abdul , Reddy K. Venugopal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the work is to prepare and assess soda lime silica-based (SiO2-CaO-Na2O) bioactive ceramics using waste as renewable sources. Thus we produced a SiO2-CaO-Na2O-based bioactive ceramic by sol-gel process using rice husk and eggshells as sources of silica and calcium oxide, respectively. The precursors such as calcinated eggshell powder, rice husk ash (RHA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were processed by the sol-gel method, resultant in SiO2-CaO-Na2O-based bioactive ceramics. The gel derived sintered sample showed combeite high (Na6Ca3Si6O18) as a major crystalline phase. Subsequently, the sintered specimens were analyzed from the physical and structural point of view, and in terms of apatite mineralization rate in simulated environments and cytocompatibility in relative to human osteoblast-like cells. The studies showed that the produced crystalline SiO2-CaO-Na2O-based ceramics showed an average porosity of 45%. In vitro evaluation of the biological properties revealed that the prepared ceramics possesses the mineralization of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) in a simulated environment with good cytocompatibility and controlled degradation rate. Therefore, the results obtained suggest that the prepared SiO2-CaO-Na2O-based bioactive ceramics using waste as renewable sources might be a low cost ceramics for applications in biomedical field.
Activated Carbon Loaded Ti3+ Self-Doped TiO2 Composite Material Was Prepared By Microwave Method and Degradation of Rhodamine B Under UV-Light
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Zhang Qi , Jiang Guiyu , Xia Hongying , Cai Wuchen , Yan Hen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, the AC loaded Ti3+ self-doped TiO2 composite material was synthesized by the microwave method. Through XRD, XPS, SEM, RT-IR, UV-vis and other characterization methods to analyze the crystallinity, valence, morphology and other properties of the composite material. There is a synergistic effect between AC and TiO2, C—O—Ti and O—Ti—C bonds are formed between them. And promote the formation of anatase, make TiO2 form a mixed crystal form, and improve the efficiency of electron-hole separation. The doping of Ti3+ produces the Jahn-Teller effect, which reduces the band gap energy of the composite material to 2.2~2.4eV. The adsorption-catalysis experiment showed that the TiO2/Ti3+/AC composite prepared under microwave conditions has a removal rate of more than 96% for Rh-B, and the removal rate of pure TiO2/Ti3+ is only 50.44%. In addition, the effects of different preparation methods on the removal rate of Rh-B were compared. And it was found that the maximum removal rate of composite materials prepared under conventional conditions was 90.58%, which was significantly lower than the efficiency under microwave conditions. At the same time, the change in the adsorption capacity of AC was explored, and it was found that the saturated adsorption capacity of the 283K composite material was 161.67mg/g. When the temperature was 323K, the maximum adsorption capacity was 250.93mg/g, and the pure AC was only 115.47mg/g. Therefore, the composite material prepared by the microwave method can be regarded as an efficient and economical material for wastewater treatment.
Microbial Production and Characterization of 3, 4-dihydroxy-L Phenylalanine Mediated an Extracellular Heterogenic Eumelanin Pigment From Marine Actinomycetes Prauserella Sp. MAPPL 017A
Authors: Palani Perumal , Shree Chinnadurai Gandhi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Melanin is one of the natural biological pigment and it is derived from the enzyme tyrosinase by the oxidation of an amino acid tyrosine. The enzyme tyrosinase [EC 1.14.18.1] is a type-3 copper protein family found large amount in microorganisms and human beings involved in the biosynthesis of melanin and other polyphenolic compounds. Melanin plays an important role in all living creatures such as photo protectants against UV radiation, antioxidant, metal adsorption, electrical conductivity, camouflage, anti-aging properties, virulence and fungal pathogenesis. The above properties of melanin can be used in various application purposes which make the melanin expensive and great demand in the industry. To overcome the above situation, there is a necessity to find out the new biological sources for the maximum production of melanin. Numerous reports are available on fungal and bacterial melanin but only a few of them from actinomycetes. Based on the above view, the present investigation was aimed to purify the DOPA melanin from the novel marine actinomycetes Prauserella sp. (MAPPL 017A). Purified melanin was characterized using several state-of-the-art techniques and it’s showed the broadband absorbance, presence of carboxylic and indolic groups, high amount of carbon, nitrogen and low level of sulfur, presence of other metal ions such as calcium, sodium and magnesium with efficient thermal properties.
One Pot Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles as a Selective Sensor for Hg2+ Ions.
Authors: Abbasi Nasir Mahmood , Nasim Najma , Khan Sana , Ahmad Farid , Hameed Usman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The domains of science and technology, especially environmental protection, have brought a lot of change in nanotechnology. In the modern period, the growth of animals and plants with enough quantities is fundamentally obligatory by heavy metal ions (M+), such as Cr3+, Zn2+, Ní2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+.. However, because of their presence in both human and animal food webs, these metal ions are toxic to living things at relatively high concentrations. The ecologically friendly green approach was utilized to synthesis starch functionalized silver nanoparticles (St-Ag NPs) using water as a solvent, starch as a stabilizing agent, and glucose as a reducing agent. KOH has been used as an activator for glucose activation. The influence of diverse solutions such as AgNO3, starch, glucose, and KOH on the production of St-AgNPs was investigated. To see how these substances affect the production of St-Ag NPs, different controlled reactions were carried out in the absence of starch, glucose, and KOH. Starch, glucose, and KOH are discovered to play important roles in the synthesis of AgNPs. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for the characterization of St-Ag NPs. These starch functionalized AgNPs were used for the detection of heavy metals at 25℃. It is found during the screening process only Hg2+ showed clear changes in the color and absorption intensity of AgNPs which may be due to redox reaction that can occur between Ag0 and Hg2+. On the other hand, the color and absorption intensity of nanoparticles remain unchanged in the presence of all the other tested metals ion. The presence of other metal ions was also tested in the system. The proposed method has strong selectivity and sensitivity to Hg2+ ions. Using UV-visible spectrophotometry, the method produced had a detection limit of 1ppm. The proposed method for detecting Hg2+ in tap water samples was found to be successful..
The Response of Hypericum Perfpratum L. to the Application of Selenium and Nano-selenium
Authors: Mahmonir Rezaei Nazari , Abdossi Vahid , Fariba Zamani Hargalani , Larijani Kambiz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In terms of medicinal and therapeutic properties, H. perforatum is the important species. However, Selenium has been applied as an alleviation strategy subjected to producing essential oils and biomass.Method: For this study, a randomized complete block design with three replications was used so that each experimental unit comprised of 30 number 8 pots. The treatments included the foliar application of selenium (6, 8, 10, and 12 mg/l), nano-selenium (6, 8, 10, and 12 mg/l), and control (distilled water), applied at the rosette stage and harvesting at 50% flowering stage.Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of selenium and nano selenium fertilizers was significant (p<0.01) on plant height, inflorescence length, number of inflorescences, inflorescence weight, shoot weight, root length, the total weight of biomass, essential oil percentage, the content of hypericin and hyperforin, the selenium accumulation in the plant, relative leaf water content, the content of chlorophylls a, b, and total, the content of phenol, the content of proline, production and accumulation of catalase, peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and DPPH enzymes. The highest inflorescence weight (21 g/plant), shoot weight (70 g/plant), and essential oil content (0.14%) were obtained from the control treatment. The highest accumulation of hypericin (3.8 mg/g dry matter) was obtained from the foliar application of 8 mg/l selenium. The maximum accumulation of hyperforin (57 mg/g dry matter) was obtained from the foliar application of 10 mg/l selenium. The highest accumulation of selenium (287.52 μg/g dry matter) was obtained in the foliar application of 12 mg/l nano-selenium.Conclusion: If the purpose of producing H. perforatum is to use the shoots and essential oils of the plant, then the use of selenium and nano-selenium is not recommended at all and should not be used. If the goal is to produce high hypericin, high hyperforin, and also the accumulation of selenium in the plant, the use of treatments of 6 and 8 mg/l of selenium and nano-selenium could be applied.
Pilot Study of Feasibility to Reduce Lead Times in Colorectal Cancer Treatment in a Moroccan Cancer Center: A Convergent Mixed Method Study
Authors: Bensbih Said , Souadka Amine , Bouksour Otmane , Dady Mohamed , Houssaini Kholoud , Benkabbou Amine , Mohsine Raouf , Akhnif Elhocine , Majbar Anass Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Short lead time in colorectal cancer treatment is important to improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to explore factors associated with longer lead times between the first consultation and the therapeutic decision, and between the first consultation and the treatment initiation.Results: 83 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. The median T1 duration was 16.53 days, a delay statistically associated with younger age, low-income patients, rectal cancer, and radiotherapy as first treatment. The median T2 duration was 45.36 days. Basic medical insurance and rectal cancer were statistically associated with these delays. In-depth interviews confirmed the impact of the type of medical coverage on the lengthening of the delays. Radiotherapy and the occasional unavailability of equipment were also noted. The objectives set to decrease the two waiting times would be achievable through increased coordination between the different stakeholders and optimization of the care procedures all along, with an effective and efficient hospital supply chain enhanced by a digital orientation.Conclusion: In this pilot study performed in a low-mid income country, the main reasons for delays in the treatment of colorectal cancer were the patient's low socio-economic level and rectal cancer. Increasing coordination and adapted procedures may improve these results.
Structure and Maintenance Mechanisms of the Mascarene High in Austral Winter
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Wen Zhiping , Li Xiuzhen , Chen Ruidan , Chen Guixing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Mascarene High (MH), is a key component of the Asian-Africa-Australia monsoon system in austral winter (JJA). Its three-dimensional structures and maintenance mechanisms are examined in this study. It is a low-level subtropical high dominating the southern Africa and South Indian Ocean, characterized by a northwestward tilt with height, which is attributed to its spatially inhomogeneous thermal structure. Large-scale subsidence characterizes the main body of the MH, with the stronger subsidence to the east than to the west. Diagnosis using the complete form of the vertical vorticity tendency equation shows that the anticyclonic structure of the MH, which can be described by the distribution of meridional wind, is maintained mainly by the vertical gradient of diabatic heating, change in static stability, and friction dissipation. In particular, a combination of sensible heating and longwave radiative cooling results in a vertical decreasing gradient of diabatic heating in the lower troposphere. It generates the stronger southerlies over the subtropical South Indian Ocean than over the southern Africa. Meanwhile, over the South Indian Ocean, the increasing static stability as a result of the downward transport of a more stable atmosphere partly offsets the effect of the vertical gradient of diabatic heating, and southerlies still prevail there. Over the southern Africa, topographic friction dissipation induces northerlies, balancing the effect of the vertical gradient of diabatic heating with a stronger magnitude, and northerlies prevail.