bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the interrelation of equilibrium positions and work of friction forces on brake squeal
Authors: Koch Sebastian , Gödecker Holger , von Wagner Utz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrake noise, in particular brake squeal, is a permanent topic both in industry and academia since decades. Nonlinearities play a decisive role for this phenomenon. One nonlinear effect widely ignored so far is that the brake can engage multiple equilibrium positions with severe consequences on the noise behavior. In fact in an automotive disk brake, the essential elements carrier, caliper and pad are elastically coupled with each other and their behavior is nonlinear that multiple equilibrium positions are possible. The engaged equilibrium position depends, for example, on the initial conditions, external disturbances, and the transient application of the brake pressure, and in consequence configurations with or without self-exciting characteristics of the friction forces result. Obviously, a self-exciting characteristic of the friction force is a necessary precondition for the occurrence of squeal. The authors recently published some corresponding results (Koch et al. FU Mech Eng, 2021. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUME210106020K) demonstrating that for same operating parameters with respect to brake pressure (i.e., brake torque), rotational speed and temperature the engaged equilibrium position has decisive influence whether squeal occurs or not. While in Koch et al. (2021) it has just been detected whether there is squeal or not, the excitation characteristic of the friction forces becomes, beside the engaged equilibrium position, the additional focus in the present paper. Therefore, a work criterion already successfully applied in earlier publications for squeal tendency is considered. For the experimental application of the work criterion, accelerometers have to be mounted. The accelerometers’ location to be applied can be determined in the chosen setup by the camera system anyway necessary for the measurement of the engaged equilibrium position. With this refined setup, it is possible to specify the states squeal, close to squeal and far from squeal. The test series again demonstrate the decisive influence of the engaged equilibrium position (for constant operation parameters) on the occurrence of the respective state. These findings can have consequences for simulations (consideration of multiple equilibrium positions in models and respective linearization with consequences on system’s eigenvalues), but also for the design (avoidance of equilibrium positions suspicious for squeal) and experimental setups (determination of special positions) of brakes.
An electromechanically coupled beam model for dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Huang Dengpeng , Leyendecker Sigrid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, the Cosserat formulation of geometrically exact beam dynamics is extended by adding the electric potential as an additional degree of freedom to account for the electromechanical coupling in the dielectric elastomer actuators. To be able to generate complex beam deformations via dielectric actuator, a linear distribution of electric potential on the beam cross section is proposed. Based on this electric potential, the electric field and the strain-like electrical variable are defined for the beam, where the strain-like electrical variable is work-conjugated to the electric displacement. The electromechanically coupled strain energy for the beam is derived consistently from continuum electromechanics, which leads to the direct application of the material models in the continuum to the beam model. The electromechanically coupled problem in beam dynamics is first spatially semidiscretized by 1D finite elements and then solved via variational time integration. By applying different electrical boundary conditions, different deformations of the beam are obtained in the numerical examples, including contraction, shear, bending and torsion. The damping effect induced by the viscosity as well as the total energy of the beam are evaluated. The deformations of the electromechanically coupled beam model are compared with the results of the 3D finite element model, where a good agreement of the deformations in the beam model and that in the 3D finite element model is observed. However, less degrees of freedom are required to resolve the complex deformations in the beam model.
Safety analysis and complications of condylar screws in a single-surgeon series of 250 occipitocervical fusions
Authors: Tam Sharon Ka Po. , Bolognese Paolo A. , Kula Roger W. , Brodbelt Andrew , Foroughi Mansoor , Avshalumov Marat , Mugutso Denmark , Ruhoy Ilene 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective

Condylar screw fixation is a rescue technique and an alternative to the conventional configuration of occipitocervical fusion. Condylar screws are utilized when previous surgical bone removal along the supraocciput has occurred which makes anchoring of a traditional barplate technically difficult or impossible. However, the challenging dissection of C0-1 necessary for condylar screw fixation and the concerns about possible complications have, thus far, prevented the acquisition of large surgical series utilizing occipital condylar screws. In the largest case series to date, this paper aims to evaluate the safety profile and complications of condylar screw fixation for occipitocervical fusion.

Methods
A retrospective safety and complication-based analysis of occipitocervical fusion via condylar screws fixation was performed.

Results
A total of 250 patients underwent occipitocervical fusions using 500 condylar screws between September 2012 and September 2018. No condylar screw pullouts, or vertebral artery impingements were observed in this series. The sacrifice of condylar veins during the dissection at C0-1 did not cause any venous stroke. Hypotrophic condyles were found in 36.4% (91 of the 250) cases and did not prevent the insertion of condylar screws. Two transient hypoglossal deficits occurred at the beginning of this surgical series and were followed by recovery a few months later. Corrective strategies were effective in preventing further hypoglossal injuries.

Conclusions
This surgical series suggests that the use of condylar screws fixation is a relatively safe and reliable option for OC fusion in both adult and pediatric patients. Methodical dissection of anatomical landmarks, intraoperative imaging, and neurophysiologic monitoring allowed the safe execution of the largest series of condylar screws reported to date. Separate contributions will follow in the future to provide details about the long-term clinical outcome of this series.
An investigation into the cutting efficiency of a novel degradable glass as an alternative to alumina powder in air abrasion cutting of enamel
Authors: Kotsanidou Zoi , Zou Lifong , Hill Robert , Janicki Tomasz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To develop and test the cutting efficiency of a novel degradable glass as an alternative media to alumina powder for air abrasion.

Materials and methods
A zinc-based glass (QMZK2) was designed, produced, and evaluated with a multi-modality imaging analysis. The glass dissolution study was carried out in three acids, using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy) at 5 different time points: 2.5, 5, 10, 60, and 240 min. The cutting efficiency of both materials was tested under the same parameters on slabs of elephant enamel. A stained fissure of a molar tooth was air abraded with the glass and evaluated with X-ray micro-tomography before and after air abrasion.

Results
The particle size distribution of the glass was similar to that of alumina 53 µm but with a slightly greater dispersion of particle size. The shape of the particles was angular, appropriate for cutting purposes. The dissolution study showed that the glass dissolved rapidly in acidic conditions at all time points. Between the two variables, pressure and powder flow, pressure was found to influence the cutting speed to a greater extent than powder flow.

Conclusions
Alumina powder was found to perform significantly better in 4 of the 9 conditions tested on elephant enamel, QMZK2 in one, and no significant differences were found for the rest of the 4 conditions. The QMZK2 seems to offer promising results as an alternative material to alumina.
Clinical relevance.
QMZK2 glass has the potential for replacing aluminum oxide as a degradable material in air abrasion technology.
Low-rank tensor approximation of singularly perturbed boundary value problems in one dimension
Authors: Marcati Carlo , Rakhuba Maxim , Ulander Johan E. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe derive rank bounds on the quantized tensor train (QTT) compressed approximation of singularly perturbed reaction diffusion boundary value problems in one dimension. Specifically, we show that, independently of the scale of the singular perturbation parameter, a numerical solution with accuracy $$0<\varepsilon <1$$

0
<
ε
<
1

can be represented in the QTT format with a number of parameters that depends only polylogarithmically on $$\varepsilon $$
ε
. In other words, QTT-compressed solutions converge exponentially fast to the exact solution, with respect to a root of the number of parameters. We also verify the rank bound estimates numerically and overcome known stability issues of the QTT-based solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) by adapting a preconditioning strategy to obtain stable schemes at all scales. We find, therefore, that the QTT-based strategy is a rapidly converging algorithm for the solution of singularly perturbed PDEs, which does not require prior knowledge on the scale of the singular perturbation and on the shape of the boundary layers.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling integrin-mediated cell adhesion and tumor progression in ovarian cancer metastasis: a review
Authors: Dhaliwal Dolly , Shepherd Trevor G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the developed world. EOC metastasis is unique since malignant cells detach directly from the primary tumor site into the abdominal fluid and form multicellular aggregates, called spheroids, that possess enhanced survival mechanisms while in suspension. As such, altered cell adhesion properties are paramount to EOC metastasis with cell detachment from the primary tumor, dissemination as spheroids, and reattachment to peritoneal surfaces for secondary tumor formation. The ability for EOC cells to establish and maintain cell–cell contacts in spheroids is critical for cell survival in suspension. Integrins are a family of cell adhesion receptors that play a crucial role in cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These glycoprotein receptors regulate diverse functions in tumor cells and are implicated in multiple steps of cancer progression. Altered integrin expression is detected in numerous carcinomas, where they play a role in cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent survival. Like that observed for other carcinomas, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during metastasis and integrins can function in this process as well. Herein, we provide a review of the evidence for integrin-mediated cell adhesion mechanisms impacting steps of EOC metastasis. Taken together, targeting integrin function may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit progression of advanced EOC.
A Method to Pre-compile Numerical Integrals When Solving Stochastic Dynamic Problems
Authors: Arapakis Karolos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe show how the interpolation step of numerical integration can be pre-compiled in partial equilibrium stochastic dynamic problems. We display the pre-compilation’s sufficient conditions and document its speed gains using a consumption-savings model with a discrete labour choice, wage uncertainty and stochastic non-labour income.
Real-time bidding campaigns optimization using user profile settings
Authors: Miralles-Pechuán Luis , Qureshi M. Atif , Namee Brian Mac 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReal-Time bidding is nowadays one of the most promising systems in the online advertising ecosystem. In the presented study, the performance of RTB campaigns is improved by optimising the parameters of the users’ profiles and the publishers’ websites. Most studies about optimising RTB campaigns are focused on the bidding strategy; estimating the best value for each bid. However, our research is focused on optimising RTB campaigns by finding out configurations that maximise both the number of impressions and the average profitability of the visits. An online campaign configuration generally consists of a set of parameters along with their values such as {Browser = “Chrome”, Country = “Germany”, Age = “20–40” and Gender = “Woman”}. The experiments show that, when the number of required visits by advertisers is low, it is easy to find configurations with high average profitability, but as the required number of visits increases, the average profitability diminishes. Additionally, configuration optimisation has been combined with other interesting strategies to increase, even more, the campaigns’ profitability. In particular, the presented study considers the following complementary strategies to increase profitability: (1) selecting multiple configurations with a small number of visits rather than a unique configuration with a large number of visits, (2) discarding visits according to certain cost and profitability thresholds, (3) analysing a reduced space of the dataset and extrapolating the solution over the whole dataset, and (4) increasing the search space by including solutions below the required number of visits. The developed campaign optimisation methodology could be offered by RTB and other advertising platforms to advertisers to make their campaigns more profitable.
A review of motion planning algorithms for intelligent robots
Authors: Zhou Chengmin , Huang Bingding , Fränti Pasi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrinciples of typical motion planning algorithms are investigated and analyzed in this paper. These algorithms include traditional planning algorithms, classical machine learning algorithms, optimal value reinforcement learning, and policy gradient reinforcement learning. Traditional planning algorithms investigated includegraph search algorithms,sampling-based algorithms,interpolating curve algorithms, andreaction-based algorithms. Classical machine learning algorithms includemulticlass support vector machine,long short-term memory,Monte-Carlo tree searchandconvolutional neural network. Optimal value reinforcement learning algorithms includeQ learning,deep Q-learning network,double deep Q-learning network,dueling deep Q-learning network. Policy gradient algorithms includepolicy gradient method,actor-critic algorithm,asynchronous advantage actor-critic,advantage actor-critic,deterministic policy gradient,deep deterministic policy gradient,trust region policy optimizationandproximal policy optimization. New general criteria are also introduced to evaluate the performance and application of motion planning algorithms by analytical comparisons. The convergence speed and stability of optimal value and policy gradient algorithms are specially analyzed. Future directions are presented analytically according to principles and analytical comparisons of motion planning algorithms. This paper provides researchers with a clear and comprehensive understanding about advantages, disadvantages, relationships, and future of motion planning algorithms in robots, and paves ways for better motion planning algorithms in academia, engineering, and manufacturing.
Physical activity reduces the risk of pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 prospective studies involving 1,044,492 participants
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Seidu Samuel , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe beneficial effects of regular physical activity in promoting health and preventing chronic diseases are well documented. The relationship between regular physical activity and the risk of pneumonia is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the magnitude and specificity of the prospective association between regular physical activity and the risk of pneumonia using a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies in general populations. Relevant studies with at least 1 year of follow-up were sought from inception until 15 September 2021 in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and manual search of relevant articles. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the maximum versus the minimal amount of physical activity groups were pooled using fixed effects meta-analysis. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE tool. A total of 10 prospective cohort studies comprising 1,044,492 participants and 7681 events were eligible. The pooled multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI) of pneumonia comparing the most versus the least physically active groups was 0.69 (0.64–0.74). This association was significantly modified by type of outcome (p-value for meta-regression = .002): 0.82 (0.72–0.93) for incident pneumonia and 0.64 (0.59–0.70) for pneumonia-related mortality. There was no evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias. The GRADE quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to low. Aggregate analysis of 10 cohort studies shows that regular physical activity is associated with lowered risk of incident pneumonia and pneumonia-related mortality in the general population. Physical activity types that are attractive to and feasible for high-risk populations need to be identified and encouraged. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2021: CRD42021277514.
OXTR-Related Markers in Clinical Depression: a Longitudinal Case–Control Psychotherapy Study
Authors: Reiner Iris C. , Gimpl Gerald , Beutel Manfred E. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , Frieling Helge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigated stability and change of plasma and urinary oxytocin as well as OXTR DNA methylation patterns through psychotherapy. Furthermore, we explored the potential impact of inpatient psychotherapy on oxytocin-related biomarkers and vice versa by differentiating patients who remitted from depression versus non-remitters. Blood and urine samples were taken from 85 premenopausal women (aged 19–52), 43 clinically depressed patients from a psychosomatic inpatient unit, and 42 healthy control subjects matched for age and education at two points of time. Serum and urine oxytocin were measured using standard ELISA, and DNA methylation of the OXTR gene was assessed using bisulfite sequencing at the time of admission (baseline) and at discharge and from controls at matched time points. Oxytocin plasma levels were not associated with depression and were influenced by neither time in healthy controls nor psychotherapy in patients. Non-remitting depressed patients had significantly lower oxytocin urine levels before and after psychotherapy treatment. We found significantly lower exon 1 OTXR methylation in depressed patients over time and these differences were driven by patients remitting due to psychotherapy. A reverse pattern — higher levels of methylation in remitters — was found for exon 2 OXTR DNA methylation. Plasma oxytocin, urinary oxytocin, and OXTR DNA methylation patterns were intrapersonally relatively stable. OXTR-related factors were seemingly unaffected by inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment, but we found significant differences between remitting and non-remitting patients in urinary oxytocin and OXTR DNA methylation. If replicated, this suggests that OXTR-related markers may predict inpatient treatment outcomes of clinically depressed patients.
Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Kiss Flap for the Reconstruction of Large Chest Wall Defect After Mastectomy
Authors: Huang Shengchao , Qiu Pu , Li Jianwen , Chen Weizhang , Liang Zhongzeng , Luo Kangwei , Huang Baoyi , Yu Liyan , Yan Zeming , Zhang Yuanqi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

To discover the utility of pedicled latissimus dorsi kiss flap for the reconstruction of chest wall defect after mastectomy. This study was a systemic analysis of 12 female patients with breast tumors who were treated at Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019. Among them, three patients had malignant lobular breast tumors, and nine patients had locally advanced breast cancer. After extensive resection of the primary tumor, the chest wall skin, and soft tissue, a large defect was left in the chest wall of each patient. Based on the design and structure of the kiss flap, two semicircular flaps of equal diameter were designed in the latissimus dorsi region, and their blood supply was retained from the same vascular trunk. Two flaps were transferred to the chest wall through a subcutaneous tunnel, and the incision in the donor area was sutured directly. Finally, two equal semicircle flaps were adjusted to fit the defect and then fixed on the chest wall. Referred to the design of the kiss flap, the area of the latissimus dorsi was increased to cover a larger chest wall defect. We have used this flap to reconstruct chest wall defects on twelve patients. Their age ranged from 24 to 62. The largest defect was 20 × 12 cm, and the smallest defect was 15 × 10 cm in diameter. Postoperative follow-up time was 5–9 months (mean time: 6.2 months): Follow-up observations demonstrated that all the flaps were healed well without edema or extravasation and donor area of all cases was closed well. In addition, no local recurrence or distant metastasis was observed in all patients.
Mantle Deformation Beneath India Inferred from Shear Wave Splitting
Authors: Roy Sunil K. , Kumar M. Ravi , Srinagesh D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We attempt to synthesize the mantle deformation patterns beneath India by assembling ~2500 published shear wave splitting measurements from more than 350 broadband seismic stations. On a continental scale, the delay times are clustered around 0.8s, with the fast polarization azimuths (FPAs) predominantly oriented parallel to the absolute plate motion (APM) direction. This can be attributed to basal shear due to the interaction between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. In addition, the FPAs reveal a significant deviation from the APM from south to north. This deviation is analysed in four sub-regions namely northeast (NE), north, central and south India. In the NE and northern India, the deviation is attributed to the Indo-Eurasian collision tectonics. In NE India, the deviation from APM is found to be parallel to the strike of the orogens, suggesting coherent deformation in the upper mantle. In central India, the deviation from APM is attributed to frozen anisotropy associated with widespread magmatism in the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), paleo rifting and collisional events in the eastern Indian shield. The deviation is stronger in southern India than in central or northern India, primarily in the DVP, Western Dharwar Craton and northern part of Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). This probably reflects the lithospheric evolution process in the mid-to-late-Archean, continental rifting in the western and eastern margins, ocean closure and subduction in the northern part of SGT. Back azimuthal variation in the splitting measurements in southern India suggests layered anisotropy and/or variation among different blocks.