bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5G connected and automated driving: use cases, technologies and trials in cross-border environments
Authors: Hetzer Dirk , Muehleisen Maciej , Kousaridas Apostolos , Barmpounakis Sokratis , Wendt Stefan , Eckert Kurt , Schimpe Andreas , Löfhede Johan , Alonso-Zarate Jesus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) across Europe requires harmonized solutions to support cross-border seamless operation. The possibility of providing CCAM services across European countries has an enormous innovative business potential. However, the seamless provision of connectivity and the uninterrupted delivery of real-time services pose technical challenges which 5G technologies aim to solve.
The situation is particularly challenging given the multi-country, multi-operator, multi-telco-vendor, multi-car-manufacturer and cross-network-generation scenario of any cross-border scenario. Motivated by this, the 5GCroCo project, with a total budget of 17 million Euro and partially funded by the European Commission, aims at validating 5G technologies in the Metz-Merzig-Luxembourg cross-border 5G corridor considering the borders between France, Germany and Luxembourg. The activities of 5GCroCo are organized around three use cases: (1) Tele-operated Driving, (2) high-definition map generation and distribution for automated vehicles and (3) Anticipated Cooperative Collision Avoidance (ACCA). The results of the project help contribute to a true European transnational CCAM. This paper describes the overall objectives of the project, motivated by the discussed challenges of cross-border operation, the use cases along with their requirements, the technical 5G features that will be validated and provides a description of the planned trials within 5GCroCo together with some initial results.
The REPRISE project: protocol for an evaluation of REProducibility and Replicability In Syntheses of Evidence
Authors: Page Matthew J. , Moher David , Fidler Fiona M. , Higgins Julian P. T. , Brennan Sue E. , Haddaway Neal R. , Hamilton Daniel G. , Kanukula Raju , Karunananthan Sathya , Maxwell Lara J. , McDonald Steve , Nakagawa Shinichi , Nunan David , Tugwell Peter , Welch Vivian A. , McKenzie Joanne E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Investigations of transparency, reproducibility and replicability in science have been directed largely at individual studies. It is just as critical to explore these issues in syntheses of studies, such as systematic reviews, given their influence on decision-making and future research. We aim to explore various aspects relating to the transparency, reproducibility and replicability of several components of systematic reviews with meta-analysis of the effects of health, social, behavioural and educational interventions.

Methods
The REPRISE (REProducibility and Replicability In Syntheses of Evidence) project consists of four studies. We will evaluate the completeness of reporting and sharing of review data, analytic code and other materials in a random sample of 300 systematic reviews of interventions published in 2020 (Study 1). We will survey authors of systematic reviews to explore their views on sharing review data, analytic code and other materials and their understanding of and opinions about replication of systematic reviews (Study 2). We will then evaluate the extent of variation in results when we (a) independently reproduce meta-analyses using the same computational steps and analytic code (if available) as used in the original review (Study 3), and (b) crowdsource teams of systematic reviewers to independently replicate a subset of methods (searches for studies, selection of studies for inclusion, collection of outcome data, and synthesis of results) in a sample of the original reviews; 30 reviews will be replicated by 1 team each and 2 reviews will be replicated by 15 teams (Study 4).

Discussion
The REPRISE project takes a systematic approach to determine how reliable systematic reviews of interventions are. We anticipate that results of the REPRISE project will inform strategies to improve the conduct and reporting of future systematic reviews.
Advanced consistency management of highly-distributed transactional database in a hybrid cloud environment using novel R-TBC/RTA approach
Authors: Dizdarevic Jasmina , Avdagic Zikrija , Orucevic Fahrudin , Omanovic Samir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines possibilities for improving the existing strategies of consistency management for highly-distributed transactional database in a hybrid cloud environment. With a detailed analysis of the existing consistency models for distributed database and standard strategies including Classic, Quorum and Tree Based Consistency (TBC), it is concluded that an improved advanced model of so-called visible adaptive consistency needs to be applied in a highly-distributed cloud environment, as necessary and sufficient degree of synchronization of all replicas. Along with the proposed model, research and development of an advanced novel strategy for consistency management Rose TBC (R-TBC) approach has been conducted, by improving standard TBC approach. Regarding implementation, a specific agglomerative Rose Tree Algorithm (RTA) has been developed, based on Bayesian hierarchical clustering and Graph Partitioning Algorithm - Multidimensional Data Clustering (GPA-MDC) intelligent partitioning of transactional Cloud Database Management System (CDBMS). The final result is constructed R-TBC model that changes in accordance with dynamic changes of entire heterogeneous CDBMS environment.
Bacteriophage cocktail supplementation improves growth performance, gut microbiome and production traits in broiler chickens
Authors: Upadhaya Santi Devi , Ahn Je Min , Cho Jae Hyoung , Kim Jin Young , Kang Dae Kyung , Kim Sung Woo , Kim Hyeun Bum , Kim In Ho 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEffective antibiotic alternatives are urgently needed in the poultry industry to control disease outbreaks. Phage therapy mainly utilizes lytic phages to kill their respective bacterial hosts and can be an attractive solution to combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance in livestock.MethodsFive hundred and four, one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were allotted to 1 of 4 treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of CON (basal diet), PC (CON + 0.025% Avilamax®), BP 0.05 (CON + 0.05% bacteriophage), and BP 0.10 (CON + 0.10% bacteriophage).ResultsA significant linear effect on body weight gain (BWG) was observed during days 1–7, days 22–35, and cumulatively in bacteriophage (BP) supplemented groups. The BWG tended to be higher (P = 0.08) and the feed intake (FI) was increased (P = 0.017) in the PC group over CON group. A greater (P = 0.016) BWG and trends in increased FI (P = 0.06) were observed in the experiment in birds fed PC than CON diet. At the genus level, the relative abundance ofLactobacilluswas decreased in PC (65.28%), while it was similar in BP 0.05 and BP 0.10 (90.65%, 86.72%) compared to CON (90.19%). At the species level, the relative abundance ofLactobacillus salivaruswas higher in BP 0.05 (40.15%) and BP 0.10 (38.58%) compared to the CON (20.04%) and PC (18.05%). A linear reduction in the weight of bursa of Fabricius (P = 0.022) and spleen (P = 0.052) was observed in birds fed graded level of BP and an increase(P = 0.059) in the weight of gizzard was observed in birds fed PC over BP diets. Linear and quadratic responses were observed in redness of breast muscle color in birds fed graded level of BP.ConclusionsThe inclusion of the 0.05% and 0.1% BP cocktail linearly improved broiler weight during the first 7 days, 22–35 days and cumulatively, whereas 0.05% BP addition was sufficient for supporting immune organs, bursa and spleen as well as enhancing gut microbiome, indicating the efficacy of 0.05% BP as a substitute antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets.
Sightings trends and behaviour of manta rays in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil
Authors: Bucair Nayara , Venables Stephanie K. , Balboni Ana Paula , Marshall Andrea D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite substantial progress in mobulid research over the past decade, knowledge gaps in manta ray ecology and behaviour remain, particularly in the South Atlantic Ocean. Opportunistic photographic and video records of manta rays collected between 2002 and 2019 at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA) in northeast Brazil provide evidence to support the year-round use of the region by manta rays (believed to beMobulacf.birostris). From a total of 130 sighting records, manta rays exhibited feeding behaviour in 36.9% (n = 48) of sightings, indicating that the shallow waters surrounding the archipelago are used as feeding grounds. Approximately half of the records (53.8%) corresponded to identified individuals that were re-sighted repeatedly, using the area in different seasons and for several years. Of the compiled records, 69.2% of sightings were of small individuals (≤3 m disc width). All identified males had undeveloped claspers and females had no visible mating scars, suggesting a juvenile population. Despite being limited to a small local sample, here we present the first report of manta rays atFNAand provide preliminary evidence of feeding behaviour by juvenile manta rays in Brazil. This information contributes to our understanding of the regional distribution and habitat use of manta rays in Brazilian waters.
Advancements in Microfluidic Systems for the Study of Female Reproductive Biology
Authors: Bodke Vedant V , Burdette Joanna E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe female reproductive tract is a highly complex physiological system that consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. An enhanced understanding of the molecular, cellular, and genetic mechanisms of the tract will allow for the development of more effective assisted reproductive technologies, therapeutics, and screening strategies for female specific disorders. Traditional 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional static culture systems may not always reflect the cellular and physical contexts or physicochemical microenvironment necessary to understand the dynamic exchange that is crucial for the functioning of the reproductive system. Microfluidic systems present a unique opportunity to study the female reproductive tract, as these systems recapitulate the multicellular architecture, contacts between different tissues, and microenvironmental cues that largely influence cell structure, function, behavior, and growth. This review discusses examples, challenges, and benefits of using microfluidic systems to model ovaries, fallopian tubes, endometrium, and placenta. Additionally, this review also briefly discusses the use of these systems in studying the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals and diseases such as ovarian cancer, preeclampsia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Bone-marrow of the Guinea-pig as a Mesodermal Inductor in Implantation Experiments with Embryos of Triturus
Authors: Toivonen Sulo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Marrow from the thigh-bone of the guinea-pig, treated in 70 per cent, alcohol, has been used as the inductor material in implantation experiments with gastrulae of Triturus. The inductor has induced mesodermal structures such as limb rudiments, notochords, pronephric tubules, and mesenchyme, and, in addition to these, proctodaea with anal openings. These last are regarded as secondary induction products of the induced mesoderm. The only suggestion of neural induction consisted of darkly staining cells, which may perhaps be regarded as neural. The results show that the mesoderm-inducing agent is independent of the agents inducing neural structures, and the ‘spinal’ agent earlier postulated can thus be further divided into components inducing mesoderm and inducing neural structures. The question as to what is the specific action, independent of the mesoderminducing agent, of the neural-inducing component in the previously established ‘spinal’ inductor, is discussed.
Tip regeneration and positional information in the slug ofDictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Lokeshwar Balakrishna L. , Nanjundiah Vidyanand 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe show in this paper that in the case of the slug of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum the time which it takes for a new tip to regenerate at a given level can be used as a measure of positional information at that level. Our basic experiment consists of amputating slugs at various distances from the existing tip and thereby inducing the regeneration of a fresh tip; the time needed for regeneration is estimated by two independent methods. An identical operation, when performed in the anterior portion of a previously cut slug, tells us how this position-dependent regeneration time adjusts to a sudden change in the size of the slug. The reasons which lead us to conclude that tip regeneration times are in one-to-one correspondence with positional information are as follows, (i) Depending on their positions, the cells in a slug take different times to regenerate a new tip following amputation; (ii) regeneration times are scaled in relation to the total length of the slug and increase monotonically with the length cut off; and (iii) as judged by the regeneration time, cells can assess and remember their positions relative to the length of the slug. Our results highlight the importance of two rate processes. One might think of the slower process as being related to the setting up of a system of positional information in the slug, and the faster process as being a reflection of the kinetics of the positional value changing locally till it reaches the level appropriate to a tip.
Comparative electron microscopy of synapses in the vertebrate spinal cord
Authors: Charlton B. T. , Gray E. G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Synapses with a cleft with ‘thickened’ membranes and presynaptic vesicles and mitochondria occur commonly throughout the grey matter of the spinal cord of goldfish, frog and various mammals studied. Such synapses are generally thought to have a chemical mode of transmission. The absence or rare occurrence of presynaptic neurofilaments in fish and frog accounts for the failure to detect boutons by silver methods, and there is no need to postulate morphologically unspecialized synaptic contacts in the lower vertebrates as some light microscopists did. Both fish and frog show axo-somatic or axo-dendritic tight junctions, which could be sites of electrical synaptic transmission. No neuronal tight junctions have yet been seen in the mammalian spinal cord. Axo-axo-dendritic synapses have been seen in the frog and mammalian cord, but not so far in the fish. Such serial synapses may be responsible for presynaptic inhibition. Neuroglia of fish, frog and mammals have tight junctions at their apposed surfaces. These differ structurally from neuronal tight junctions. Neuroglia in fish cord have, in addition, desmosomes at their apposed surfaces.
A note on the structure of spindle fibres
Authors: Barnicot N. A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Single mitotic cells from cultures of newt heart tissue or from human fibroblast cultures were burst on a dilute calcium chloride solution and negatively stained on electron-microscope grids. The electron-microscopic appearance of spindle fibres negatively stained with uranyl acetate and with ammonium molybdate is described. As in the case of fibres from sperm tails, the spindle fibres were found to be tubular and the wall was seen to be composed of longitudinal fibrils about 35 Å in diameter.
The lobster optic lamina I. General organization
Authors: Hámori J. , Horridge G. A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The lamina is 150–220 μ thick and has five layers: (a) ganglion cells (2nd-order neurons); (b) a thick-layered glial sheath; (c) more ganglion cells of the same kind; (d) columnar structures called optic cartridges, where retinula fibres terminate in inflated bags which are penetrated by numerous spines of the ganglion cell axons; and (e) a lower multilamellate layer of glial cells among which are neurosecretory cells with short centrifugal axons. Horizontal nerve fibres run along the lamina in the columnar region, where there is a 1:1 relation between ommatidia and cartridges. Retinula fibre terminals are recognized by numerous vesicles and by large pale mitochondria, ganglion cell spines by small dark mitochondria and lack of vesicles. Ganglion cell axons have neurotubules whereas transverse fibres do not. The latter have both synaptic and other vesicles. Some of the horizontal fibres are secretory in appearance.
The Effect of Different Species’ Lens Antisera on Pregnant Mice and Rats and their Progeny
Authors: Finlay G. F. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The passive immunisation of mice and rats to lens was undertaken to study the effects of the antibodies on embryos. Rat lens, sheep lens, ox lens, and ox vitreous humour were used as antigens and antisera prepared. Only lens antisera that gave precipitin reactions were employed for injection. These different sera all gave almost equally definite precipitin reactions with a normal saline extract of either mouse, rat, sheep, or ox lens. The antisera were injected chiefly into female mice, the majority of which could be expected to be pregnant. The results differed greatly. The anti-rat lens serum was very toxic and the mice which received injections of this gave an average litter of 1.1 within the expected time; the sheep and ox antiserum group averaged 2.9; while the control group injected with anti-vitreous humour produced an average of 5 per litter. It would therefore seem that, as antigens, these different species lens are not so organ specific as the precipitin test would indicate. The relation of the rat to the mouse could account for the toxicity of the anti-rat lens serum for embryonic mice. The eyes of the surviving F1 were normal. An F2 generation by brother x sister matings was also normal. The active immunisation of female rats and mice to sheep's lens was attempted, but the litters born under treatment were of fair average numbers and were normal in every respect. If antibodies against sheep lens had been generated in the bodies of the female rats, as one could expect, then these had no apparent effect on the embryo. Female rats were injected with rat lens at intervals for several weeks, until they became pregnant. The F1 were normal. From the breeding results there was nothing to indicate that antibodies toxic for embryos had been generated. In these experiments it is the injection of anti-rat serum into mice that has the most bearing on the work done by Guyer and Smith with rabbits. They found that anti-rabbit lens serum was very toxic for embryo rabbits. Fortunately they were enabled to rear a number of the affected young which had defective eyes due to the specific influence of the antiserum. But with mice it is difficult to rear defectives, hence it is quite possible that of the many embryos that died, some were effected in a specific manner by the anti-lens serum
Late Local Recurrence and Metastasis in Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremities and Trunk Wall: Better Outcome After Treatment of Late Events Compared with Early
Authors: von Konow Arvid , Ghanei Iman , Styring Emelie , Vult von Steyern Fredrik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Approximately 80% of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) recurrences, local and metastatic disease, are diagnosed within the first 3 years after primary diagnosis and treatment. Recurrences, however, can present after a longer period of remission. Our goal was to identify factors that may predict the risk of late recurrence.

Methods
We identified 677 patients with STS of the extremities and trunk wall from a population-based sarcoma register. Of these, 377 patients were alive and event-free at 3 years and were included for analysis of possible risk factors for late recurrence.

Results
Fifty-five of 377 (15%) patients developed late recurrence: 23 local recurrence, 21 metastasis, and 11 both manifestations. With R0 wide surgical margin as reference, R0 marginal (hazard ratio [HR] 2.6; p = 0.02) and R1 (HR 5.0; p = 0.005) margins were risk factors for late local recurrence. Malignancy grade (HR 8.3; p = 0.04) and R0 marginal surgical margin (HR 2.3; p = 0.04) were risk factors for late metastasis. We could not find a statistically significant correlation of late recurrence with many of the generally known risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis in STS. Outcome after treatment of late recurrences was better compared with outcome after treatment of early events.

Conclusions
Late recurrences, albeit relatively rare, do occur. Outcome after treatment was good compared with outcome after early events. Long surveillance of all patients with high-grade STS, especially if R0 wide surgical margin is not achieved in the primary treatment, appear to be well justified.
CFM: a database of experimentally validated protocols for chemical compound-based direct reprogramming and transdifferentiation
Authors: Sizykh Alexey , Murtazalieva Khalimat , Vyshkvorkina Yulia , Stupnikov Alexey , Medvedeva Yulia A. 
Published: April 2021

Cell fate engineering technologies are critically important for basic and applied science, yet many protocols for direct cell conversions are still unstable, have a low yield and require improvement. There is an increasing need for a data aggregator containing a structured collection of protocols - preprocessed, verified, and represented in a standardized manner to facilitate their comparison, and providing a platform for the researchers to evaluate and improve the protocols. We developed CFM (cell fate mastering), a database of experimentally validated protocols for chemical compound-based direct reprogramming and direct cell conversion. The current version of CFM contains 169 distinct protocols, 113 types of cell conversions, and 158 small molecules capable of inducing cell conversion. CFM allows stem cell biologists to compare and choose the best protocol with high efficiency and reliability for their needs. The protocol representation contains PubChem CIDs and Mechanisms Of Action (MOA) for chemicals, protocol duration, media , and yield with a comment on a measurement strategy. Ratings of the protocols and feedback from the community will help to promote high-quality and reproducible protocols. We are committed to a long-term database maintenance strategy. The database is currently available at https://cfm.mipt.ru}{cfm.mipt.ru
A Large-Scale Comparative Study of Informal Social Networks in Firms
Authors: Jacobs Abigail Z. , Watts Duncan J. 
Published: April 2021

Theories of organizations are sympathetic to long-standing ideas from network science that organizational networks should be regarded as multiscale and capable of displaying emergent properties. However, the historical difficulty of collecting individual-level network data for many (N ≫ 1) organizations, each of which comprises many (n ≫ 1) individuals, has hobbled efforts to develop specific, theoretically motivated hypotheses connecting micro- (i.e., individual-level) network structure with macro-organizational properties. In this paper we seek to stimulate such efforts with an exploratory analysis of a unique data set of aggregated, anonymized email data from an enterprise email system that includes 1.8 billion messages sent by 1.4 million users from 65 publicly traded U.S. firms spanning a wide range of sizes and 7 industrial sectors. We uncover wide heterogeneity among firms with respect to all measured network characteristics, and we find robust network and organizational variation as a result of size. Interestingly, we find no clear associations between organizational network structure and firm age, industry, or performance; however, we do find that centralization increases with geographical dispersion—a result that is not explained by network size. Although preliminary, these results raise new questions for organizational theory as well as new issues for collecting, processing, and interpreting digital network data. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Section of Management Science: 65th Anniversary.