bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous effect of Cu2O and CuO deposit on the porosity of a macroreticular anion exchanger
Authors: Kociołek-Balawejder Elżbieta , Stanisławska Ewa , Jacukowicz-Sobala Irena , Jasiorski Marek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen synthesizing copper compounds containing polymeric adsorbents, it was found that the two copper oxides, Cu2O and CuO, deposited in the skeleton of a strongly basic macroreticular anion exchanger (An) radically diminished the porosity of the obtained composites in relation to the host material. In order to investigate this phenomenon more closely, An/Cu2O and An/CuO (both based on the commercial anion exchanger Amberlite IRA900Cl), containing 8.6 and 8.2 wt% Cu, respectively, were subjected to scrutiny. The porous characteristics of the thermally dried and freeze-dried samples were determined using the N2 adsorption–desorption method and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The thermally dried samples lost their porosity and increased their bulk density in relation to the pure resin indicated a significant reduction in their volume. It was found that during drying, the grains shrank as much as the pores collapsed. The decay of the porous structure resulted from the surface morphology of the Cu2O and CuO particles and their tendency to agglomerate. Both freeze-dried samples retained the porous characteristics typical for macroporous anion exchangers. In contrast to the most popular hybrid ion exchangers containing hydrated polyvalent metal oxides (such FeOOH), An/Cu2O and An/CuO showed markedly strong volume contraction effect in relation to moisture content.
Graphical abstract
Estimating the minimum important difference in the DEMQOL instrument in people with dementia
Authors: Lee Ellen C. , Wright Jessica , Walters Stephen J. , Cooper Cindy L. , Mountain Gail A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The Dementia-Related Quality of Life (DEMQOL) measure and the DEMQOL-Utility Score (DEMQOL-U) are validated tools for measuring quality of life (QOL) in people with dementia. What score changes translate to a clinically significant impact on patients’ lives was unknown. This study establishes the minimal important differences (MID) for these two instruments.

Methods
Anchor-based and distribution-based methods were used to estimate the MID scores from patients enrolled in a randomised controlled trial. For the anchor-based method, the global QOL (Q29) item from the DEMQOL was chosen as the anchor for DEMQOL and both Q29 and EQ-5D for DEMQOL-U. A one category difference in Q29, and a 0.07 point difference in EQ-5D score, were used to classify improvement and deterioration, and the MID scores were calculated for each category. These results were compared with scores obtained by the distribution-based methods.

Results
A total of 490 people with dementia had baseline DEMQOL data, of these 386 had 8-month data, and 344 had 12-month DEMQOL data. The absolute change in DEMQOL for a combined 1-point increase or decrease in the Q29 anchor was 5.2 at 8 months and 6.0 at 12 months. For the DEMQOL-U, the average absolute change at 8 and 12 months was 0.032 and 0.046 for the Q29 anchor and 0.020 and 0.024 for EQ-5D anchor.

Conclusion
We present MID scores for the DEMQOL and DEMQOL-U instruments obtained from a large cohort of patients with dementia. An anchored-based estimate of the MID for the DEMQOL is around 5 to 6 points; and 0.02 to 0.05 points for the DEMQOL-U. The results of this study can guide clinicians and researchers in the interpretation of these instruments comparisons between groups or within groups of people with dementia.

Trial Registration Number and date of registration:

ISRCTN17993825 on 11th October 2016.
Bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) survival, pollen usage, and reproduction are not affected by oxalate oxidase at realistic concentrations in American chestnut (Castanea dentata) pollen
Authors: Newhouse Andrew E. , Allwine Anastasia E. , Oakes Allison D. , Matthews Dakota F. , McArt Scott H. , Powell William A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransgenic American chestnut trees expressing a wheat gene for oxalate oxidase (OxO) can tolerate chestnut blight, but as with any new restoration material, they should be carefully evaluated before being released into the environment. Native pollinators such as bumble bees are of particular interest:Bombus impatiensuse pollen for both a source of nutrition and a hive building material. Bees are regular visitors to American chestnut flowers and likely contribute to their pollination, so depending on transgene expression in chestnut pollen, they could be exposed to this novel source of OxO during potential restoration efforts. To evaluate the potential risk to bees from OxO exposure, queenless microcolonies of bumble bees were supplied with American chestnut pollen containing one of two concentrations of OxO, or a no-OxO control. Bees in microcolonies exposed to a conservatively estimated field-realistic concentration of OxO in pollen performed similarly to no-OxO controls; there were no significant differences in survival, bee size, pollen use, hive construction activity, or reproduction. A ten-fold increase in OxO concentration resulted in noticeable but non-significant decreases in some measures of pollen usage and reproduction compared to the no-OxO control. These effects are similar to what is often seen when naturally produced secondary metabolites are supplied to bees at unrealistically high concentrations. Along with the presence of OxO in many other environmental sources, these data collectively suggest that oxalate oxidase at field-realistic concentrations in American chestnut pollen is unlikely to present substantial risk to bumble bees.
Testicular shear wave elastography in oligo-astheno-teratozoospermic individuals: a prospective case–control study
Authors: Illiano Ester , Trama Francesco , Ruffo Antonio , Romeo Giuseppe , Riccardo Filippo , Crocetto Felice , Iacono Fabrizio , Costantini Elisabetta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the testicular stiffness by ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) both in men with oligo-astheno-teratozospermia (OAT) and in control group. The secondary objective was to identify a possible correlation between semen quality with testicular stiffness.

Methods
This was a prospective case-control study. We divided the sample in two groups; Group A (case group) included men with OAT, and Group B (control group) men with normal sperm parameters. All participants had at last two semen analysis in the past 180 days (at last 90 days apart), using performed ultrasound and SWE elastography.

Results
We analyzed 100 participants, 50 patients in Group A and 50 controls in Group B. There were statistically significant differences in term of testicular volume and testicular stiffness between two groups. Men with OAT had the testicular stiffness value higher than the controls in both sides (left testicular stiffness 21.4 ± 5.4 kPa vs 9.9 ± 1.6 kPa, p < 0.0001; right testicular stiffness 22.9 ± 4.8 kPa vs 9.5 ± 2.4 kPa, p < 0.0001). Men with abnormal semen parameters showed an inverse correlation between the mean value of testicular stiffness and total sperm count (22.15 ± 3.38 kPa, r = − 0.387, p = 0.005), sperm concentration (22.15 ± 3.38 kPa, r = − 0.244, p = 0.04), and progressive motility (22.15 ± 3.38 kPa, r = − 0.336, p = 0.01), while the correlation was not evident in controls group.

Conclusion
SWE is able to differentiate between testicles with spermatogenic changes from a healthy testicle. For this reason, it could be used to evaluate, in a non-invasive way, the tissue alterations of the organ.
Many-Objective Optimization of Sustainable Drainage Systems in Urban Areas with Different Surface Slopes
Authors: Seyedashraf Omid , Bottacin-Busolin Andrea , Harou Julien J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSustainable urban drainage systems are multi-functional nature-based solutions that can facilitate flood management in urban catchments while improving stormwater runoff quality. Traditionally, the evaluation of the performance of sustainable drainage infrastructure has been limited to a narrow set of design objectives to simplify their implementation and decision-making process. In this study, the spatial design of sustainable urban drainage systems is optimized considering five objective functions, including minimization of flood volume, flood duration, average peak runoff, total suspended solids, and capital cost. This allows selecting an ensemble of admissible portfolios that best trade-off capital costs and the other important urban drainage services. The impact of the average surface slope of the urban catchment on the optimal design solutions is discussed in terms of spatial distribution of sustainable drainage types. Results show that different subcatchment slopes result in non-uniform distributional designs of sustainable urban drainage systems, with higher capital costs and larger surface areas of green assets associated with steeper slopes. This has two implications. First, urban areas with different surface slopes should not have a one-size-fits-all design policy. Second, spatial equality must be taken into account when applying optimization models to urban subcatchments with different surface slopes to avoid unequal distribution of environmental and human health co-benefits associated with green drainage infrastructure.
„Meistens sind Forscher älter, meist tragen die eine Brille“ – Schülervorstellungen über Wissenschaftler*innen
Authors: Hagenkötter Ramona , Nachtigall Valentina , Rolka Katrin , Rummel Nikol 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Studie wurde mithilfe einer eigens entwickelten Fotosortierungsaufgabe die Bedeutung stereotyper Merkmale von Wissenschaftler*innen für die von Schüler*innen eingeschätzte Typikalität von Wissenschaftler*innen untersucht. Zudem wurde exploriert, wie diese Vorstellungen mit den mathematik- und naturwissenschaftsbezogenen Aktivitäten der Schüler*innen sowie ihrer Freude und ihrem Interesse an Mathematik und den Naturwissenschaften zusammenhängen. Dafür nahmen 74 Schüler*innen der Jahrgangsstufen 8 bis 10 an der Fotosortierungsaufgabe sowie an einer schriftlichen Befragung teil. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass aus Schülersicht vor allem folgende Merkmale typisch für Wissenschaftler*innen sind: mit Brille, älter, ohne Styling (bei Frauen) bzw. ohne Bart (bei Männern) und männlich. Ihre Auswahl begründeten die befragten Schüler*innen damit, dass Wissenschaftler*innen viel lesen müssten (Grund für Brille) und eine längere Ausbildungszeit hätten (Grund für höheres Alter). Es lassen sich zudem geschlechterspezifische Unterschiede in den Schülervorstellungen über Wissenschaftler*innen feststellen: Männliche Schüler schätzten vor allem männliche Personen und weibliche Schülerinnen eher weibliche Personen, insbesondere Frauen mit Brille und ohne Styling, als typische Wissenschaftler*innen ein. Außerdem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Personen mit Bart verstärkt von Schüler*innen mit eher hohen mathematikbezogenen Aktivitäten und jüngere Personen verstärkt von Schüler*innen mit eher hoher Freude und hohem Interesse an Mathematik als typische Wissenschaftler*innen angesehen wurden. Weitere Zusammenhänge zwischen den mathematik- und naturwissenschaftsbezogenen Aktivitäten bzw. der Freude und dem Interesse der Schüler*innen an Mathematik und den Naturwissenschaften einerseits und der eingeschätzten Typikalität anderer Merkmale von Wissenschaftler*innen andererseits wurden nicht festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit bisherigen Forschungsbefunden verglichen und Möglichkeiten zur Verringerung solch stereotyper Wahrnehmungen diskutiert.
Apparent roughness coefficient in overbank flows
Authors: Fernandes João N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOverbank flows occur in alluvial valleys during flood events when the conveyance of main channel of rivers is exceeded. Once floodplains are inundated and the so-called compound channel flow is observed, the faster flow in the main channel interacts with the slower flow in the floodplain featuring a much more pronounced 3D flow structure compared to single channel flow. These flow mechanisms comprise a shear layer near the interface, lateral momentum transfer and strong secondary currents due to the non-isotropic turbulence. This paper starts by giving an overview of the main flow mechanisms in compound channels pointing out the importance of taking into account the apparent shear stress generated between the main channel and the floodplain flows due to the interaction of these flows. A new simple model was developed to include the apparent shear stress concept as a correction of the Manning roughness coefficient of main channel and floodplains. The proposed method for predicting stage–discharge relationships was calibrated and validated by experimental data from several compound channel facilities. A significant improvement in prediction of the compound channel conveyance in comparison with the traditional methods was achieved.
On Boolean posets of numerical events
Authors: Dorninger Dietmar , Länger Helmut 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith many physical processes in which quantum mechanical phenomena can occur, it is essential to take into account a decision mechanism based on measurement data. This can be achieved by means of so-called numerical events, which are specified as follows: Let S be a set of states of a physical system and p(s) the probability of the occurrence of an event when the system is in state $$s\in S$$

s
∈
S

. A function $$p:S\rightarrow [0,1]$$

p
:
S
→
[
0
,
1
]

is called a numerical event or alternatively, an S-probability. If a set P of S-probabilities is ordered by the order of real functions, it becomes a poset which can be considered as a quantum logic. In case the logic P is a Boolean algebra, this will indicate that the underlying physical system is a classical one. The goal of this paper is to study sets of S-probabilities which are not far from being Boolean algebras by means of the addition and comparison of functions that occur in these sets. In particular, certain classes of so-called Boolean posets of S-probabilities are characterized and related to each other and descriptions based on sets of states are derived.
Westminster as Usual? Three Interpretations for the UK Democracy
Authors: Giuliani Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Brexit process has shattered the foundations of British politics, with prime ministerial resignations, government defeats, continuous rebellions and floor-crossings. These phenomena seem at odds with the usual decisiveness of Westminster systems. However, the aforementioned departures from the British tradition could be interpreted as compatible with the typical distance of any empirical reality from theoretical models, as exceptions to the rule due to the specificity of the European issue, or as the surfacing of some deeper social, economic and cultural tensions. Data alone are insufficient to confirm any of the alternative interpretations, although they seem to confirm the existence of long-term dynamics rather than some short-term exceptionalism. Within this scenario, the article suggests that a series of institutional innovations introduced since the late 1990s have facilitated the political consolidation of those tensions, contributed to the partisan dealignment, and made room for a potential departure from a Westminster model of democracy.
Measurement of unsaturated meltwater percolation flux in seasonal snowpack using self-potential
Authors: Clayton Wilson S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a feasibility study of in situ field measurements of unsaturated meltwater percolation flux within the vertical profile of a snowpack, using the self-potential (SP) method. On-site snowmelt column tests calibrated the SP measurements. The SP data measured electrical field strength with an electrode spacing of 20 cm, and coincident water saturation (Sw) measurements using time domain reflectometry allowed calculation of SP-modeled vertical percolation flux (qsp), expressed as Darcy velocity. The results reflected transient diurnal snowmelt dynamics, with peak flux lagging arrival of a saturation wetting front. Peak dailyqspwas 60 to >300 mm d−1, whereas daily snowmelt was 20–50 mm w.e. Surface refreezing events appeared to cause upward flow, possibly representing water redistribution toward the freezing boundary. Calculated fluxes were comparable to actual fluxes, although average errors ranged from −15 to +46% compared to average of melt expected from surface energy-balance and ablation stake measurements. By advancing method development to measure unsaturated meltwater percolation flux in snowpacks this study creates opportunities to study fundamental snowmelt processes, may improve mathematical modeling and may supplement glacier mass-balance studies and studies of snowmelt interactions with avalanches, groundwater and surface water.
THE POSET OF ALL LOGICS II: LEIBNIZ CLASSES AND HIERARCHY
Authors: JANSANA R. , MORASCHINI T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA Leibniz class is a class of logics closed under the formation of term-equivalent logics, compatible expansions, and non-indexed products of sets of logics. We study the complete lattice of all Leibniz classes, called the Leibniz hierarchy. In particular, it is proved that the classes of truth-equational and assertional logics are meet-prime in the Leibniz hierarchy, while the classes of protoalgebraic and equivalential logics are meet-reducible. However, the last two classes are shown to be determined by Leibniz conditions consisting of meet-prime logics only.
14C DATES AND STABLE ISOTOPE ECOLOGY OF MARINE VERTEBRATES IN THE LATE PLEISTOCENE-EARLY HOLOCENE CHAMPLAIN SEA
Authors: Feranec Robert S , Cournoyer Mario E , Kozlowski Andrew L 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe late Pleistocene to early Holocene Champlain Sea provides a unique opportunity to study the development of marine ecosystems in a context of global climatic change. This study presents radiocarbon (14C) dates and stable isotope analyses on 15 vertebrate specimens from Champlain Sea sediments, including the Charlotte Whale, which is Vermont’s State marine fossil. Data are used in an attempt to investigate the timing of colonization and ecological dynamics in this newly formed sea. Using the average marine correction,14C dates on four specimens likely calibrate prior to or possibly synchronous with the accepted origination date for the Champlain Sea, implying larger marine reservoir effects than the average marine correction in the vertebrate tissues. Without knowing the specific marine reservoir offsets, it is not possible to calculate the timing of colonization or its relation to concurrent climatic change. Observed lower δ13C and δ15N values in walruses, a fin whale, and a right whale support consumption of prey from lower trophic levels such as bivalve mollusks, krill, and copepods. Higher isotopic values in beluga whales and a bird, the thick-billed murre, support consuming fish, such as cod and capelin. These isotopic data show comparable values and relationships as observed in modern arctic marine ecosystems.
WHAT DOES THE TERM TOGATA ‘REALLY’ MEAN?
Authors: Rallo G.E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article aims to shed fresh light on the meaning of the term togata. It conducts an analysis of the term as it appeared in ancient sources,1 investigating in particular both how and why ancient authors across several periods focussed their attention on the togata. The paper will also distinguish between the attestation of the term togata in ancient writers, who are likely to have actually watched these theatrical performances in person and known more directly what they were talking about, and the usage of the term by later grammarians, who would have had no opportunity to watch such performances. These later authors, rather, were simply guessing what kind of theatrical representation could have been performed onstage (much as we do nowadays) and did so by adopting obvious differences in terminology.
EMBEDDING THEOREM OF THE WEIGHTED SOBOLEV–LORENTZ SPACES
Authors: LI HONGLIANG , RUAN JIANMIAO , SUN QINXIU 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWeight criteria for embedding of the weighted Sobolev–Lorentz spaces to the weighted Besov–Lorentz spaces built upon certain mixed norms and iterated rearrangement are investigated. This gives an improvement of some known Sobolev embedding. We achieve the result based on different norm inequalities for the weighted Besov–Lorentz spaces defined in some mixed norms.
Progression of swallowing dysfunction and associated complications of dysphagia in a cohort of patients with serial videofluoroscopic swallow examinations
Authors: Hanna R , Randall D R 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveDysphagia is a common symptom with associated complications ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening pulmonary compromise. Videofluoroscopic swallow is the ‘gold standard’ evaluation for oropharyngeal dysphagia, but little is known about how patients’ performance changes over time.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study evaluating dysphagia patients’ clinical course by serial videofluoroscopic swallow study. Univariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis were used to identify correlations between pneumonia outcomes, diet allocation, aetiology and comorbidities.ResultsThis study identified 104 patients (53 per cent male) stratified into risk groups by penetration-aspiration scale scores. Mean penetration-aspiration scale worsened over time (p < 0.05), but development of pneumonia was not associated with worsened penetration-aspiration scale score over time (p = 0.57) or severity of dysphagia (p = 0.88).ConclusionOur dataset identified a large cohort of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and demonstrated mean penetration-aspiration scale tendency to worsen. Identifying prognostic factors associated with worsening radiological findings and applying this to patients at risk of clinical swallowing difficulty is needed.
Amazonian Atlantic: Cacao, Colonial Expansion and Indigenous Labour in the Portuguese Amazon Region (Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries)
Authors: Chambouleyron Rafael , Arenz Karl Heinz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA product native to the Amazon forest, cacao became the most important staple of the Portuguese Amazonian colonial economy from the late seventeenth until the mid-nineteenth century. Based on extensive research in Brazilian and European archives, this article analyses cacao exploitation in Portuguese Amazonia, examining its dual spatial dimension: the expansion of an agricultural frontier, and the expansion of an extractive frontier in the deep hinterland, with a particular focus on the role that Indian labour played in this development.