bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving distraction detection based on gaze activity
Authors: Zhang Yingji , Yang Xiaohui , Feng Zhiquan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDriving distraction detection can effectively prevent the occurrence of traffic accidents. Thus, monitoring a driver's state is very important for road safety. At present, most driving distraction detection methods focus on singular aspects, such as gaze distraction or hand distraction, and rarely focus on cognitive distraction as it is difficult to detect. This study proposed a driving distraction detection method based on gaze activity. A multi‐channel convolutional neural network was used to classify the driver's gaze area and calculate the gaze activity. In cognitive distraction, the driver's gaze activity is significantly lower than that in the normal driving state. The activity thresholds via experiments have been obtained and used to determine whether drivers were in a cognitively distracted state. Through experiments, the accuracy of this method reached 92.36%. To identify driving distractions more comprehensively, a gaze distraction algorithm based on the two‐second rule has been added to the method. The experiment demonstrated that our method in combination with this algorithm improved all of the indicators (when compared to only the gaze activity algorithm), and the accuracy rate increased to 95%.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of a novel point‐focus Fresnel collector system with a novel receiver
Authors: El‐Leathy Abdelrahman , Al‐Ansary Hany , Ba‐abbad Mazen , Danish Syed Noman , AlShehri Yazid , Rizvi Arslan Abbas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere, experimental results for testing a novel solar concentrating system are presented. The novel receiver is tested on a technology that combines the two proven concepts of solar concentrating technologies (linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) and central receiver technologies) into a new concept called focal point Fresnel collector (PFFC) with a polar sun‐tracking system. The PFFC system works by concentrating direct solar irradiation using several flat mirrors positioned over a square‐rotating surface that follows the sun. Considering the solar elevation, the reflection is achieved using the Fresnel reflection concept. Rectangular mirrors of LFR technology are discretised into small square mirrors to achieve point focusing. A concentration ratio of 600 has been achieved, which is like that of parabolic dish (PD) systems. Mathematical modelling of the system is presented along with the experimental results. Furthermore, the PFFC system with the novel receiver provides similar thermal efficiency with comparatively higher manufacturing ease than the PD system. Besides, a maximum thermal efficiency of 87% has been achieved.
Self‐healing digital‐to‐analogue converter architecture for communication equipment with ordered element‐matching technology
Authors: Chiou Jin‐Chern , Yang Tzu‐Sen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn attempt was made to establish self‐healing architecture using ordered element‐matching (OEM) technology for ageing or partially damaged components of digital‐to‐analogue converter (DAC) components used in communication equipment. Using OEM technology, damaged DAC components, such as memory cells, current cells and current cell control switches, can be healed. The performance before and after healing is compared in this work. The simulation results prove the feasibility of using the proposed technology to heal the DAC almost to achieve the original performance.
Structured Reporting of Whole-Body Trauma CT Scans Using Checklists: Diagnostic Accuracy of Reporting Radiologists Depending on Their Level of Experience
Authors: Dendl Lena Marie , Pausch Antonia Maria , Hoffstetter Patrick , Dornia Christian , Höllthaler Josef , Ernstberger Antonio , Becker Roland , Kopf Sebastian , Schleder Stephan , Schreyer Andreas G. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a checklist-style structured reporting template in the setting of whole-body multislice computed tomography in major trauma patients depending on the level of experience of the reporting radiologist.
Materials and Methods A total of 140 major trauma scans with the same protocol were included in this retrospective study. In a purely trial-intended reading, the trauma scans were analyzed by three radiologists with different levels of experience (resident, radiologist with 3 years of experience after board certification, and radiologist with 7 years of experience after board certification). The aim was to fill in the checklist 1 template within one minute to immediately diagnose management-altering findings. Checklist 2 was intended for the analysis of important trauma-related findings within 10 minutes. Reading times were documented. The final radiology report and the documented injuries in the patient’s medical record were used as gold standard.
Results The evaluation of checklist 1 showed a range of false-negative reports between 5.0 % and 11.4 % with the resident showing the highest accuracy. Checklist 2 showed overall high diagnostic inaccuracy (19.3–35.0 %). The resident's diagnostic accuracy was statistically significantly higher compared to the radiologist with 3 years of experience after board certification (p = 0.0197) and with 7 years of experience after board certification (p = 0.0046). Shorter average reporting time resulted in higher diagnostic inaccuracy. Most of the missed diagnoses were fractures of the spine and ribs.
Conclusion By using a structured reporting template in the setting of major trauma computed tomography, less experienced radiologists reach a higher diagnostic accuracy compared to experienced readers.
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Role of Platelet Function Test in Predicting Postoperative Bleeding Risk after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sharan Sandeep , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Choudhury Minati , Devagourou V , Choudhury Ujjwal  Kumar , Ravi Vajala 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPatients undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk of excessive bleeding and its associated complications. Excessive bleeding during and after cardiac surgery has an incidence of ~20%. Massive bleeding and subsequent requirement for blood product administration and mediastinal reexploration are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Postoperative, nonsurgical bleeding in cardiac surgical patients is often multifactorial. Platelet dysfunction, excessive fibrinolysis, hypothermia, preoperative anemia, and deficiency of coagulation factors or their dilution are all suggested etiologies of postoperative bleeding. In the Arachidonic Acid Thromboelastometry (ARATEM) test, platelets are activated with arachidonic acid; in Adenosine diphosphate Thromboelastometry (ADPTEM) test, platelets are activated with adenosine diphosphate; and in TRAPTEM test, platelets are activated with thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6. Measurement time is 6 minutes, and results are expressed in three different parameters: A6 (amplitude at 6 minutes, in Ohm); MS (maximum slope of the aggregation curve in Ohm/min), and AUC (area under the curve in Ohm.min). Algorithm-based point-of-care platelet function testing helped us to preemptively give the right blood component therapy, avoiding fibrinolytic bleeding in the postoperative period.
Resident Physician Experience and Duration of Electronic Health Record Use
Authors: Holmgren A. Jay , Lindeman Brenessa , Ford Eric W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Electronic health records (EHRs) demand a significant amount of physician time for documentation, orders, and communication during care delivery. Resident physicians already work long hours as they gain experience and develop both clinical and socio-technical skills.
Objectives Measure how much time resident physicians spend in the EHR during clinic hours and after-hours, and how EHR usage changes as they gain experience over a 12-month period.
Methods Longitudinal descriptive study where participants were 622 resident physicians across postgraduate year cohorts (of 948 resident physicians at the institution, 65.6%) working in an ambulatory setting from July 2017 to June 2018. Time spent in the EHR per patient, patients records documented per day, and proportion of EHR time spent after-hours were the outcome, while the number of months of ambulatory care experience was the predictor.
Results Resident physicians spent an average of 45.6 minutes in the EHR per patient, with 13.5% of that time spent after-hours. Over 12 months of ambulatory experience, resident physicians reduced their EHR time per patient and saw more patients per day, but the proportion of EHR time after-hours did not change.
Conclusion Resident physicians spend a significant amount of time working in the EHR, both during and after clinic hours. While residents improve efficiency in reducing EHR time per patient, they do not reduce the proportion of EHR time spent after-hours. Concerns over the impact of EHRs on physician well-being should include recognition of the burden of EHR usage on early-career physicians.
Protein interaction landscapes revealed by advanced in vivo cross-linking–mass spectrometry
Authors: Wheat Andrew , Yu Clinton , Wang Xiaorong , Burke Anthony M. , Chemmama Ilan E. , Kaake Robyn M. , Baker Peter , Rychnovsky Scott D. , Yang Jing , Huang Lan 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Blueprints of in-cell protein interaction landscapes are essential for our understanding of cellular structures and functions, which have been challenging to study at the systems level. Cross-linking–mass spectrometry (XL-MS) represents a high-throughput method for global profiling of interaction networks and can determine the identity and connectivity of native PPIs simultaneously without cell engineering. While in vivo XL-MS experiments are feasible, in-depth analyses remain difficult due to technical limitations on sample preparation. Here, we have developed a new Alkyne-A-DSBSO–based in vivo XL-MS platform that enabled us to obtain the most comprehensive PPI maps in cells. This approach can be adopted for proteome-wide XL-MS studies in any organisms and sample origins, thus advancing interactome biology beyond proteome identity and abundance.
A diachronic corpus-driven study of the expression of possibility in Luganda (Bantu, JE15)
Authors: Kawalya Deo , Bostoen Koen , de Schryver Gilles-Maurice 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article employs a 4-million-word diachronic corpus to examine how the expression of possibility has evolved in Luganda since the 1890s to the present, by focusing on the language’s three main potential markers -yînz-, -sóból- and -andi-, and their historical interaction. It is shown that while the auxiliary -yînz- originally covered the whole modal subdomain of possibility, the auxiliary -sóból- has steadily taken over the more objective categories of dynamic possibility. Currently, -yînz- first and foremost conveys deontic and epistemic possibility. It still prevails in these more subjective modal categories even though the prefix -andi-, a conditional marker in origin, has started to express epistemic possibility since the 1940s, and -sóból- deontic possibility since the 1970s. More generally, this article demonstrates the potential of corpus linguistics for the study of diachronic semantics beyond language comparison. This is an important achievement in Bantu linguistics, where written language data tend to be young.
Dasineura oxycoccana
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Dasineura oxycoccana
(Johnson), Diptera: Cecidomyiidae. Hosts:
Vaccinium
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Morocco), Asia (Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic), Europe (Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK, England) and North America (Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin).
Computational analysis of direct current breakdown process in SF6 at low pressure
Authors: Gao Jiamao , Wu Hao , Yu Shimin , Chen Zhipeng , Wang Zhijiang , Jiang Wei , Pan Yuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The breakdown of SF6 gas at low pressure is of vital importance to both aerospace and microelectronics industries. However, the breakdown characteristics of SF6 in direct current at low pressure are still seldom studied. In this work, one-dimensional implicit particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision algorithm is used to study the entire direct current breakdown process of low-pressure SF6. The ion-molecule collision, recombination, and external circuit are considered in the model. According to the results, the breakdown process can be divided into three stages: pre-breakdown stage, breakdown stage, and post-breakdown stage. In the pre-breakdown stage, the cathode sheath is not yet formed so the constant electric field exists in the entire area. In the breakdown stage, the formation mechanism of the cathode sheath is analyzed and the electrodes as a whole changes from capacitive to resistive, sharing the voltage with the external resistance. In the post-breakdown stage, the continued growth of positive ions leads to the formation of a thin anode sheath, which further causes the negative plasma potential, different from electropositive gas. The energy production terms including heating power and secondary electron emission (SEE) power are equal to the energy loss terms including collision loss power and boundary loss power, where collision loss power and boundary loss power are almost equal, while SEE power is negligible. In the final, plasma parameters gradually evolve to the last steady-state.
Properties of the Pt(111)/electrolyte electrochemical interface studied with a hybrid DFT–solvation approach
Authors: Tesch Rebekka , Kowalski Piotr M , Eikerling Michael H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Self-consistent modeling of the interface between solid metal electrode and liquid electrolyte is a crucial challenge in computational electrochemistry. In this contribution, we adopt the effective screening medium reference interaction site method (ESM–RISM) to study the charged interface between a Pt(111) surface that is partially covered with chemisorbed oxygen and an aqueous acidic electrolyte. This method proves to be well suited to describe the chemisorption and charging state of the interface at controlled electrode potential. We present an in-depth assessment of the ESM–RISM parameterization and of the importance of computing near-surface water molecules explicitly at the quantum mechanical level. We found that ESM–RISM is able to reproduce some key interface properties, including the peculiar, non-monotonic charging relation of the Pt(111)/electrolyte interface. The comparison with independent theoretical models and explicit simulations of the interface reveals strengths and limitations of ESM–RISM for modeling electrochemical interfaces.
Melt-quenched and as-deposited structures of amorphous selenium: a density functional/ molecular dynamics comparison
Authors: Kalikka J , Konstantinou K , Akola J , Jones R O 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations using a density functional description of energies and forces have been carried out for a model of an as-deposited (AD) surface of amorphous selenium. The deposition model assumed the annealing (at 400 K) of layers of randomly located single atoms, followed by compression to the density used in earlier melt-quenched (MQ) simulations of amorphous Se, and by further annealing. The AD and MQ structures are predominantly twofold coordinated and similar, for example in the pair distribution functions, with notable differences: the AD structures have more defects (atoms with one and three neighbours), and the ring distributions differ. These differences are also reflected in the electronic structures of the AD and MQ samples, where the increased presence of defects in the former influences the Bader charges and the edge states of the band gap. The dominance of rings found in a previous simulation of AD structures is not found.
Relativistic aspects of orbital and magnetic anisotropies in the chemical bonding and structure of lanthanide molecules
Authors: Tiesinga Eite , Kłos Jacek , Li Ming , Petrov Alexander , Kotochigova Svetlana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The electronic structure of magnetic lanthanide atoms is fascinating from a fundamental perspective. They have electrons in a submerged open 4f shell lying beneath a filled 6s shell with strong relativistic correlations leading to a large magnetic moment and large electronic orbital angular momentum. This large angular momentum leads to strong anisotropies, i. e. orientation dependencies, in their mutual interactions. The long-ranged molecular anisotropies are crucial for proposals to use ultracold lanthanide atoms in spin-based quantum computers, the realization of exotic states in correlated matter, and the simulation of orbitronics found in magnetic technologies. Short-ranged interactions and bond formation among these atomic species have thus far not been well characterized. Efficient relativistic computations are required. Here, for the first time we theoretically determine the electronic and ro-vibrational states of heavy homonuclear lanthanide Er2 and Tm2 molecules by applying state-of-the-art relativistic methods. In spite of the complexity of their internal structure, we were able to obtain reliable spin–orbit and correlation-induced splittings between the 91 Er2 and 36 Tm2 electronic potentials dissociating to two ground-state atoms. A tensor analysis allows us to expand the potentials between the atoms in terms of a sum of seven spin–spin tensor operators simplifying future research. The strengths of the tensor operators as functions of atom separation are presented and relationships among the strengths, derived from the dispersive long-range interactions, are explained. Finally, low-lying spectroscopically relevant ro-vibrational energy levels are computed with coupled-channels calculations and analyzed.
Combination of in-situ ion beam analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy for studying deuterium implanted in tungsten
Authors: Kantre K , Szabo P S , Moro M V , Cupak C , Stadlmayr R , Medina L Zendejas , Aumayr F , Primetzhofer D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate a combinatorial approach integrating ion implantation followed by thermal annealing and simultaneous in situ ion beam analysis with thermal desorption spectroscopy in a single set-up. Atomic and molecular deuterium ions of 3 keV were implanted into bulk tungsten with doses exceeding 1 × 1022 ions m−2. Depth profiling of both, protium and deuterium was performed by elastic recoil detection analysis, while simultaneously the outgassing rates of molecular deuterium by thermal desorption spectroscopy were monitored during temperature ramps from room temperature to ≈1400 K. The combination of the two techniques in situ is shown capable to identify the distinct retention behavior of deuterium at different temperatures and in different reservoirs, e.g. located close to the surface and diffused deep into the material. Ex-situ scanning electron microscopy confirmed blister formation, and recovery of the initial surface morphology after high temperature annealing, in analogy to comprehensive ex-situ studies.
Preliminary design of an Android-based Voltage Divider Calculator to support extracurricular program in elementary school
Authors: Fauzi S , Fuada S , Sari N T A , Emaniar T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this era of 4.0, elementary school student education has been involved in simple robotic learning, such as line follower, line follower, and other robotics, mostly there is a voltage divider circuit. A voltage divider circuit is a form of many resistor configurations. The circuit is straightforward: it is constructed by a DC source (for example, Battery, Power Supply) as the input voltage (Vin), and at least two resistors (named as R1 & R2) are connected in series, where the middle point is connected- the series resistor becomes the output. Although this is a relatively simple circuit, for elementary school students, finding the output voltage (Vout) and finding the right combination of R1 & R2 to get the expected Vout takes a long time. Calculation difficulties arise because the values of R1 & R2 cannot be selected arbitrarily; it must follow commercially available resistors. A user-friendly, attractive, and simple calculation tool is needed to facilitate finding these variables. Based on literature studies, there has not been found in any paper that explicitly discusses the Android-based Voltage Divider Calculator. We also found no results for finding the applications mentioned on the sites of commercial Application providers (such as Playstore, Appstore, and so on). This paper is a preliminary study in designing an Android-based Voltage Divider Calculator Application. This paper only presents the analysis and design steps. It is hoped that this application can later be used as a complementary tool in the elementary school level electronics extracurricular program because most of the electronic material taught to elementary school students contains the introduction of resistors and mathematical expressions of resistor configuration accompany their application.
Solve the problem of learning fractions in mathematics trough scaffolding
Authors: Prihantini P , Rostika D , Hidayah N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Literature study of fraction learning problem in mathematics and scaffolding strategies, aims to reveal the results of previous research and offer solutions to solve the problem through scaffolding. This literature studies are sourced from the IOP conference series journal, science direct, and springer link journal articles, to expand the study taken from other sources, both journal articles and source books. The basis of the scaffolding theory refers to Vygotsky’s opinion which includes two main ideas, namely the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and scaffolding. The conclusions from the literature study are; (1) difficulties in understanding the concept and fraction calculation operations in mathematics experienced by elementary school students, junior high school students, and primary school teacher education students, (2) to help overcome difficulties understanding fraction concepts and fraction calculation operations, it is necessary to provide learning time according to student needs until achieving a complete understanding, (3) solutions to help learning fractions concepts and fraction calculation operations can be pursued through the ZPD scaffolding strategy by combining teacher-student dialogical interactions, collaborative, contextual, enriching metaphors, and dynamic communication.
The effect of make a match cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in grade IV Mathematic subjects
Authors: Nurjamaludin M , Nugraha W S , Suryaningrat E F , Alani N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of cooperative learning make a match type on mathematics learning outcomes in elementary school. This research used method of quasi experiment with Nonequivalent Control Group Design and also used Total Sampling technique, the sample are IVA class with 20 students as experiment’s group and IVB class with 20 students as control’s group. This research shows that cooperative learning make a match type have significant effect toward mathematics students achievement in elementary school. It’s based on the result of calculate data from both of group class, there are different value of tresult and ttable which tresult > ttable or 3,03 > 2,02.