bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Wigner distribution functions with collisions satisfy complete positivity and energy conservation?
Authors: Villani Matteo , Oriols Xavier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo avoid the computational burden of many-body quantum simulation, the interaction of an electron with a photon (phonon) is typically accounted for by disregarding the explicit simulation of the photon (phonon) degree of freedom and just modeling its effect on the electron dynamics. For quantum models developed from the (reduced) density matrix or its Wigner–Weyl transformation, the modeling of collisions may violate complete positivity (precluding the typical probabilistic interpretation). In this paper, we show that such quantum transport models can also strongly violate the energy conservation in the electron–photon (electron–phonon) interactions. After comparing collisions models to exact results for an electron interacting with a photon, we conclude that there is no fundamental restriction that prevents a collision model developed within the (reduced) density matrix or Wigner formalisms to satisfy simultaneously complete positivity and energy conservation. However, at the practical level, the development of such satisfactory collision model seems very complicated. Collision models with an explicit knowledge of the microscopic state ascribed to each electron seems recommendable (Bohmian conditional wavefunction), since they allow to model collisions of each electron individually in a controlled way satisfying both complete positivity and energy conservation.
The regenerating protein 3A: a crucial molecular with dual roles in cancer
Authors: Wang Liying , Quan Yanchun , Zhu Yanxi , Xie Xiaoli , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Long , Wei Xiuhong , Che Fengyuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
REG3A, a member of the third subclass of the Reg family, has been found in a variety of tissues but is not detected in immune cells. In the past decade, it has been determined that REG3A expression is regulated by injury, infection, inflammatory stimuli, and pro-cytokines via different signaling pathways, and it acts as a tissue-repair, bactericidal, and anti-inflammatory molecule in human diseases. Recently, the role of REG3A in cancer has received increasing attention. The present article aims to investigate the structure, expression, regulation, function of REG3A, and to highlight the potential role of REG3A in tumors.

Methods
A detailed literature search and data organization were conducted to find information about the role of REG3A in variety of physiological functions and tumors.

Results
Contradictory roles of REG3A have been reported in different tumor models. Some studies have demonstrated that high expression of REG3A in cancers can be oncogenic. Other studies have shown decreased REG3A expression in cancer cells as well as suppressed tumor growth.

Conclusions
Taken together, better understanding of REG3A may lead to new insights that make it a potentially useful target for cancer therapy.
Greater mastery is associated with lower depression risk in a large international cohort of people with multiple sclerosis over 2.5 years
Authors: Neate Sandra , Humam Afaf , Nag Nupur , Jelinek George A. , Simpson-Yap Steve 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Mastery is the extent to which an individual perceives their life circumstances as being under their control and not predominantly influenced by external factors. The relationship of mastery with clinical outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) has not been well-researched. We assessed the relationships of mastery with fatigue, disability, relapse number, and depression risk among pwMS over 2.5 years’ follow-up.

Methods
Data from the Health Outcomes and Lifestyle in a Sample of people with Multiple sclerosis study, among 839 participants who completed the 2.5 and 5-year reviews, were analysed. Mastery was measured by the Pearlin Mastery Scale, fatigue by Fatigue Severity Scale, depression risk by Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and disability by Patient-Determined Disease Steps, and diagnosed relapse number in the previous 12 months was queried. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses were undertaken by log-binomial, log-multinomial, and Poisson regression, as appropriate, adjusted for relevant confounders.

Results
Cross-sectionally, pwMS with the highest quartile mastery (> 25/28) had 90% lower frequency of depression risk, 60% lower frequency of clinically significant fatigue, and 77% fewer had severe disability, all largely robust to adjustment. Prospectively, those in the top two quartiles of mastery (> 21–25, > 25/28) had 66% and 74% lower subsequent depression risk, robust to adjustment. No significant associations were seen prospectively for change in fatigue, disability, or relapse number, however, and no robust associations of mastery with relapse number were evident.

Conclusions
Prospectively, a protective relationship of mastery with subsequent risk of depression was observed, suggesting this may be a point of intervention to improve wellbeing in pwMS.
Indexical Relativism?
Authors: Pérez-Navarro Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe particular behavior exhibited by sentences featuring predicates of personal taste such as “tasty” may drive us to claim that their truth depends on thecontext of assessment, as MacFarlane does. MacFarlane considers two ways in which the truth of a sentence can depend on the context of assessment. On the one hand, we can say that the sentence expresses a proposition whose truth-value depends on the context of assessment. This is MacFarlane’s position, which he calls “truth relativism” and, following Weatherson, I rebrand as “nonindexical relativism”. On the other hand, we can say that what proposition a sentence expresses depends on the context of assessment. MacFarlane calls this position “content relativism” and rejects it on the grounds that it leads to implausible readings of certain sentences and is unable to account for the speaker’s authority over the content of her assertions. In this paper, I too argue against content relativism, which, again following Weatherson, I rebrand as “indexical relativism”. However, my arguments against the theory are different from MacFarlane’s, which I prove unsound. In particular, I show that any version of indexical relativism will be unable to account for at least one of the phenomena that have been standardly used to motivate nonindexical relativism—faultless disagreementandretraction—in most of the ways in which it has been proposed to understand them.
A Scale-up Study on Chemical Segregation and the Effects on Tensile Properties in Two Medium Mn Steel Castings
Authors: Kwok T. W. J. , Slater C. , Xu X. , Davis C. , Dye D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two ingots weighing 400 g and 5 kg with nominal compositions of Fe–8Mn–4Al–2Si–0.5C–0.07V–0.05Sn were produced to investigate the effect of processing variables on microstructure development. The larger casting has a cooling rate more representative of commercial production and provides an understanding of the potential challenges arising from casting-related segregation during efforts to scale up medium Mn steels, while the smaller casting has a high cooling rate and different segregation pattern. Sections from both ingots were homogenized at 1250

$$^{\circ} $$

∘

C for various times to study the degree of chemical homogeneity and

$$\delta $$

δ

-ferrite dissolution. Within 2 hours, the Mn segregation range (max–min) decreased from 8.0 to 1.7 wt pct in the 400 g ingot and from 6.2 to 1.5 wt pct in the 5 kg ingot. Some

$$\delta $$

δ

-ferrite also remained untransformed after 2 hours in both ingots but with the 5 kg ingot showing nearly three times more than the 400 g ingot. Micress modeling was carried out, and good agreement was seen between predicted and measured segregation levels and distribution. After thermomechanical processing, it was found that the coarse untransformed

$$\delta $$

δ

-ferrite in the 5 kg ingot turned into coarse

$$\delta $$

δ

-ferrite stringers in the finished product, resulting in a slight decrease in yield strength. Nevertheless, rolled strips from both ingots showed

$$>900$$

>
900

MPa yield strength,

$$>1100$$

>
1100

MPa tensile strength, and

$$>40$$

>
40

pct elongation with

$$<10$$

<
10

pct difference in strength and no change in ductility when compared to a fully homogenized sample.
Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Behaviour of a Cold Rolled 8 Wt Pct Mn Medium Manganese Steel
Authors: Kwok T. W. J. , Gong P. , Xu X. , Nutter J. , Rainforth W. M. , Dye D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A novel medium manganese steel with composition Fe–8.3Mn–3.8Al–1.8Si–0.5C–0.06V–0.05Sn was developed and thermomechanically processed through hot rolling and intercritical annealing. The steel possessed a yield strength of 1 GPa, tensile strength of 1.13 GPa and ductility of 41 pct. In order to study the effect of cold rolling after intercritical annealing on subsequent tensile properties, the steel was further cold rolled up to 20 pct reduction. After cold rolling, it was observed that the strain hardening rate increased continuously with increasing cold rolling reduction but without a significant drop in ductility during subsequent tensile tests. The microstructural evolution with cold rolling reduction was analysed to understand the mechanisms behind this phenomena. It was found that cold rolling activated additional twinning systems which provided a large number of potent nucleation sites for strain induced martensite to form during subsequent tensile tests in what can be described as an enhanced TRIP effect.
The Influence of Mesenteric Defects Closure on the Use of Computed Tomography for Abdominal Pain 5 Years After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass—a Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Amanda Demir , Elin Påhlson , Eva Norrman , Stenberg Erik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Abdominal pain after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is a common and unwanted complication that typically leads to further exploration through radiology. Concerns have been raised regarding the consequences of this radiation exposure and its correlation with the lifetime risk of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in computed tomography (CT) use between LRYGB patients with open and closed mesenteric defects and to assess the radiological findings and radiation doses.

Methods
This subgroup analysis included 300 patients randomized to either closure (n = 150) or nonclosure (n = 150) of mesenteric defects during LRYGB. The total number of CT scans performed due to abdominal pain in the first 5 postoperative years was recorded together with the radiological findings and radiation doses.

Results
A total of 132 patients (44%) underwent 281 abdominal CT scans, including 133 scans for 67 patients with open mesenteric defects (45%) and 148 scans for 65 patients with closed mesenteric defects (43%). Radiological findings consistent with small bowel obstruction or internal hernia were found in 31 (23%) of the scans for patients with open defects and in 18 (12%) of the scans for patients with closed defects (p = 0.014). The other pathological and radiological findings were infrequent and not significantly different between groups. At the 5-year follow-up, the total radiation dose was 82,400 mGy cm in the nonclosure group and 85,800 mGy cm in the closure group.

Conclusion
Closure of mesenteric defects did not influence the use of CT to assess abdominal pain.

Graphical abstract
Impact of Fatty Acids on Obesity-Associated Diseases and Radical Weight Reduction
Authors: Wrzosek Małgorzata , Zawadzka Zuzanna , Sawicka Ada , Bobrowska-Korczak Barbara , Białek Agnieszka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fatty acids (FA), particularly polyunsaturated (PUFA) ones, are involved in the regulation of glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. The aim of the study was to assess patient FA profile in relation to obesity, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, and weight loss.

Materials and Methods
The studied group consisted of 51 patients with extreme obesity, 23 of whom achieved radical weight reduction within 1 year after a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). FA levels were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.

Results
Patients with extreme obesity and higher serum PUFA content have lower serum levels of SFA and MUFA (especially myristic, palmitic, lignoceric acids and palmitoleic, oleic acids), as well as lower triglyceride and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations and it was not influenced by CEPT Taq1B variant. At baseline, the fatty acid profile of patients with type II diabetes differ from patients with dyslipidemia. In patients who had lost weight, significantly lower levels of selected saturated FA and major trans-fatty acid, elaidic, were found. Moreover, the proportion of PUFA was increased.

Conclusion
In extreme obesity, higher PUFA exert their favorable effects on serum lipids. Significant weight reduction after the bariatric surgery is associated with beneficial changes in the fatty acid profile.

Graphical Abstract
How self-reflection and resilience can affect pre-competition anxiety? Evidence from national competitive table tennis in adolescent players
Authors: Wang Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough previous studies have investigated pre-competition anxiety (PCA), the research examining how to promote the development of self-reflection and resilience in order to regulate PCA is limited. This study has three aims: to examine group differences age, gender, sport level, and exercise duration in (PCA), self-reflection and resilience; to test the relationships between PCA, self-reflection, and resilience; and to determine whether self-reflection and resilience can predict PCA. The included 82 male and 105 female adolescent Chinese table tennis player (ages 12–19). SPSS 25.0 software has used to drive ANOVA, Pearson correlations and regression analysis. The main result was that Pearson correlations demonstrated the strongest relationship between PCA, self-reflection, and resilience. The regression analysis model proved that self-insight predicted cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence; interpersonal assistance and emotional control predicted self-confidence; and emotional control predicted cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. The result of this study were consistent with those of previous studies: there was a significant relationship between PCA, self-reflection and resilience when using the Chinese Adolescent Resilience Scale, and there were some differences in the test of group differences. However, this study uncovered new evidence that interpersonal assistance and emotional control can predict PCA. Further research should focus on cross-cultural differences in the process of cultivating athlete self-reflection and resilience.
The role of parenting, self-compassion and friendships in depressive symptoms among young people in the UK and China
Authors: Zhao Mengya , Ford Tamsin , Wang Peng , Karl Anke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Self-compassion, being kind to oneself in difficult times, is a way of relating to oneself that promotes better mental health, but little is known about how self-compassion affects interpersonal relationships. The current study examined the association between self-compassion and adolescent depressive symptoms from an interpersonal perspective in different cultural contexts. Adolescents (N = 422/570, Mean age = 14.44/13.41, UK/China) completed questionnaires about their perceptions of their parents' behaviour towards them, self-compassion, friendships and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modelling revealed that positive parenting was positively associated with higher self-compassion, positive friendship quality, and with fewer depressive symptoms in both samples. Additionally, we confirmed a negative association between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. The pathway from positive parenting to lower depressive symptoms via higher self-compassion was also corroborated in both cultures. Contrary to our hypothesis, positive quality of friendship was associated with higher depressive symptoms in both countries. Conflicts were associated with more depressive symptoms in the Chinese sample only. There was evidence of a negative association between self-compassion and conflicts in the Chinese sample only. Finally, the direct association between self-compassion and depressive symptoms was greater in the UK sample, whereas in the Chinese sample, interpersonal factors were more strongly associated with self-compassion and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that self-compassion may be a useful therapeutic target to improve social functioning and mental health among adolescents and that it may be necessary to account for cross-cultural differences in interpersonal factors when designing psychological interventions.
Pandemic personality: Emotional reactions, political and social preferences across personality traits in times of Corona
Authors: Freitag Markus , Hofstetter Nathalie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Coronavirus pandemic undeniably represents a global health threat unprecedented in living memory leading to very distinct behavioral, cognitive, and psychological responses to the crisis. We argue that the different ways of responding to the pandemic are rooted in personal dispositions and provide evidence regarding the function and value of the Big Five framework in understanding the pandemic personality. Using 18 samples from the six European countries most affected at the onset of the pandemic (overall N = 18,307), we find that most of the Big Five effects vary across countries and pandemic phases. However, while neuroticism is clearly linked to pandemic threat perception and emotional responses to the Covid-19 pandemic, conscientiousness is mainly related to exposure to pandemic hazard, preferences regarding political measures, and tolerance of epidemiologically undesirable behavior. Our findings are rich in implications for public health politics, policy-makers and social cohesion.
Development and validation of a mandarin version of demoralization scale for adolescents and young adults
Authors: Huang Chuan-Yung , Hung Yi-Chun , Tan Chee-Seng , Cheng Siew-May , Hu Shun-Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe impact of demoralization among the general population has received little attention due to the lack of an appropriate measurement. Three studies involving 1,143 high school and undergraduate students in Taiwan were thus conducted to develop and validate a tool to assess demoralization. A pool of 50 items was first developed and administered to high school students. Exploratory factor analysis results supported a 5-factor solution with 15 items (Study 1). Study 2 compared the potential models using confirmatory factor analysis and found the 5-factor second-order model with 15 items the best fit model. The 15-item Mandarin version of Demoralization Scale (DS-M-15) was also found to have good internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and (concurrent and predictive) validity in a sample of undergraduate students (Study 3). Taken together, the converging findings show that the DS-M-15 is a promising tool for assessing demoralization among Chinese adolescents and emerging adults.
Using Protection Motivation Theory to Predict Intentions for Breast Cancer Risk Management: Intervention Mechanisms from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Conley Claire C. , Wernli Karen J. , Knerr Sarah , Li Tengfei , Leppig Kathleen , Ehrlich Kelly , Farrell David , Gao Hongyuan , Bowles Erin J. A. , Graham Amanda L. , Luta George , Jayasekera Jinani , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Schwartz Marc D. , O’Neill Suzanne C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of a web-based, Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)–informed breast cancer education and decision support tool on intentions for risk-reducing medication and breast MRI among high-risk women. Women with ≥ 1.67% 5-year breast cancer risk (N = 995) were randomized to (1) control or (2) the PMT-informed intervention. Six weeks post-intervention, 924 (93% retention) self-reported PMT constructs and behavioral intentions. Bootstrapped mediations evaluated the direct effect of the intervention on behavioral intentions and the mediating role of PMT constructs. There was no direct intervention effect on intentions for risk-reducing medication or MRI (p’s ≥ 0.12). There were significant indirect effects on risk-reducing medication intentions via perceived risk, self-efficacy, and response efficacy, and on MRI intentions via perceived risk and response efficacy (p’s ≤ 0.04). The PMT-informed intervention effected behavioral intentions via perceived breast cancer risk, self-efficacy, and response efficacy. Future research should extend these findings from intentions to behavior. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03029286 (date of registration: January 24, 2017).
A tale of three cities: climate heterogeneity
Authors: Gadea Rivas María Dolores , Gonzalo Jesús 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProfessor Dolado has developed much of his professional career in three cities: Zaragoza, Oxford and Madrid. This fact, together with the recent appearance of literature relating climate with human behavior, has inspired us to analyze a set of relevant climate change issues linked to these areas, particularly any possible heterogeneity. The novel methodology proposed in (Gadea Rivas and Gonzalo in J Econom 214:153–174, 2020a for analyzing a wide range of characteristics of the temperature distribution (converting them into time series objects), instead of focusing solely on the mean, allows us to carry out this analysis . Using this methodology, we can identify local warming patterns within the global warming phenomenon of different types and intensities. The results show that there is a clear warming process in the three areas. The two Spanish cities (Zaragoza and Madrid) have many similarities, but Oxford fits into a different type of warming category. The former are characterized by higher trends in the upper quantiles than in the lower, an increase in dispersion, acceleration and an “upper amplification” with respect to the mean. In Oxford, the type of climate change is different, displaying higher trends in the lower quantiles, a weak negative trend in dispersion, “lower amplification” and a more attenuated acceleration in recent decades. There is no doubt that a better knowledge of local warming heterogeneity is recommendable for the design of more effective mitigation policies. The influence of the climate on human behavior and, specifically, on Professor Dolado’s personality, takes us into lesser-known regions which are left for the reader to discern.