bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Cost of COVID-19 in Hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing
Authors: Rahati Meghdad , Fakharian Esmaeil , Yousefianarani Ali , Omidvar Aydine , Nazemi-bidgoli Zahra 
Published: March 2021

Background: Due to limited resources, efficiency is very important to maximize resources for hospitals. Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing estimates costs and provides valuable information to increase efficiency. Therefore, the cost of COVID-19 in the hospitals affiliated with Kashan University of Medical Sciences was investigated using this method.
Method: In this cross-sectional and retrospective study, the statistical population included all patients (n = 3129) with COVID-19 hospitalized in the Seyed Al-Shohada hospital (88 beds) and Shagid Beheshti hospital (700 beds) selected via census method during March and April 2020. Data collection was conducted through review of litreture (library method field); and review of accounting documents, direct observation of activities related to the treatment of patients, interviews with top managers for timing of receiving services by patients (field method). The descriptive statistics including means and frequency tables was reported and time-driven activity-based costing was conducted. Data analyses were performed using Excel software.
Results: Findings showed that the cost of one bed night for COVID19 patients was 22,866,669 Rials in Shahid Beheshti hospital and 30,554,405 Rials in Seyed Al-Shohada hospital and was 23,672,447 Rials for both hospitals in total. The cost of treatment of COVID19 by time-driving costing method was higher than the tariff approved by the Supreme Insurance Council.
Conclusion: Due to the difference between the cost of treatment of COVID-19 and the tariffs, it is necessary to calculate the bed night of these patients based on the tariffs of special wards. Moreover, due to the high cost of these patients, it is necessary to make appropriate policies for allocating beds in the hospitals affiliated to the University of Medical Sciences.
The double penalty: How female migrants manage family responsibilities in the Spanish dual labour market
Authors: Sánchez-Domínguez María , Guirola Abenza Luis 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study examines the convergence of employment behaviour and work-life balance of foreign-born women with those of native-born Spanish women between 2014 and 2018.
Background: The changing role of women in the labour market is a central development of the past century. However, the study of female labour market participation has focused on native women, typically with a college education.
Method: We use the Spanish Labour Force Survey and its 2018 ad hoc module on the reconciliation of work and family life to compare the working behaviours of native and migrant women. We use a matching algorithm to construct a sample of native workers with comparable human capital and living arrangement characteristics.
Results: The segmentation of the Spanish labour market leads to the concentration of female immigrants in specific occupational niches with precarious employment conditions, regardless of the length of their stay in the country. The country’s employment and care regime forces female migrants to deal with their care responsibilities differently than their native counterparts: i.e., migrants are more likely than natives to interrupt their employment to fulfil household duties, and are less likely to engage in part-time work and to outsource care provision to family and professional caregivers.
Conclusion: Female immigrants are doubly penalised as both immigrants and mothers.
Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Obat BPJS Kategori A(Always) Dan E (Esensial) Dengan Menggunakan Metode ABC, VEN Dan EOQ Di IFRS Bhayangkara Tingkat III Nganjuk
Authors: Darmawan Nopandi Wisnu , Peranginangin Jason Merari , Herowati Rina 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang tata kelola obat-obatan di Rumah Sakit dengan manajemen<strong> </strong>seleksi, pengadaan, distribusi dan penggunaan obat secara rasional yaitu tepat obat, dosis dan biaya. Pemilihan obat kategori <em>AE</em>, karena obat kategori <em>AE</em> memiliki tingkat kritis berdasarkan pada jumlah pemakaian tinggi dan dengan jumlah item obat yang banyak. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian yaitu untuk melakukan analisa terhadap kendali obat BPJS kategori <em>AE </em>menggunakan ABC and VEN method, menganalisa pengendalian ketersediaan obat obat BPJS dengan metode <em>EOQ</em> dan<em> ROP</em> dalam peningkatan obat menjadi efisien serta menganalisa tingkat pelayanan obat. Desain penelitian ini yaitu quasi experiment non-control. populasi semua obat BPJS yang ada di instalasi farmasi, sampel penelitaian adalah obat BPJS berdasarkan analisis metode <em>ABC</em> dan <em>VEN</em> kategori <em>AE</em> pada bulan Februari sampai Juli 2019. Untuk mengamati sert amengukur tingkat keefesienan pada pengendalian ketersediaan obat-obatan maka diberlakukan indikator nilai persediaan dan <em>Customer servis level </em>(tingkat pelayanan)<em>, </em>penelitian yang sudah mendapatkan hasilnya, maka akan dilakukan pengujian statistik <em>Paired t-Test</em>. Dari uji analisis menggunakan metode <em>ABC</em> dan <em>VEN</em> dapat mengidentifikasi obat yang memerlukan pengendalian persediaan yang lebih ketat dan memprioritaskan 29 item obat BPJS kategori <em>AE</em>. Indikator nilai persediaan dengan penerapan metode <em>EOQ</em> dan <em>ROP</em> sebelum intervensi Rp. 403.114.341 dan setelah intervensi Rp. 331.170.915<em> </em>dapat meningkatkan efesiensi pengelolaan obat BPJS dan menurunkan nilai persediaan sebesar Rp 71.943.426<em> </em> berdasarkan hasil sebelum – sesudah intervensi menunjukkan hasil signifikan (0,043). Indikator tingkat pelayanan (<em>customer servis level)</em> sebelum intervensi 91,76% dan setelah intervensi 94,39% berdasarkan hasil sebelum – sesudah intervensi menunjukkan hasil signifikan (0,025). Penggunaan metode <em>EOQ</em> dan <em>ROP</em> memudahhkan dalam perencanaan dan pengadaan serta merupakan upaya pengontrolan dan pemantauan persediaan obat agar obat yang diberikan tepat waktu dan kekosongan persediaan obat dapat dihindari.
Spontaneous Reduction of Incarcerated Medial Epicondyle Fragment
Authors: Conley Shaun , Umberhandt Robert , Clinton Rebecca 
Published: March 2021

Case:
Three cases of incarcerated medial epicondyle fracture with spontaneous reduction without operative manipulation are presented. Two patients were treated conservatively, and one treated surgically, all with good clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:
Elbow dislocation is a common pediatric injury. Over half have an associated medial epicondyle fracture, which can become incarcerated in the joint. Elbow dislocation with intra-articular incarceration of the medial epicondyle has historically been an indication for prompt surgical intervention. These cases suggest good outcomes with spontaneous reduction are possible without operative intervention, opening opportunities for further research into absolute indications for surgery.
Posterior and Anterior Fusion for Severe Cervical Kyphosis in a Patient with Chondrodysplasia Punctata
Authors: Kato Shuzo , Fujita Nobuyuki , Suzuki Satoshi , Tsuji Osahiko , Nagoshi Narihito , Okada Eijiro , Yagi Mitsuru , Watanabe Kota , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: March 2021

Case:
A 4-year-old girl with spastic gait and hand clumsiness who was diagnosed with cervical myelopathy caused by atlantoaxial dislocation and midcervical severe kyphosis associated with chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP). The patient underwent posterior instrumentation and anterior spinal fusion and successful correction with osseous fusion was obtained 8 months after surgery. In addition, the preoperative neurological symptoms were completely recovered.

Conclusion:
Owing to the characteristics of CDP, the treatment for the cervical lesion is extremely complicated. Successful stabilization and improvement of the neurological symptom were achieved by combining posterior and anterior fusion with instrumentation in this case.
A Semiempirical Model for Barium-Strontium-Sulfate Solid Solution Scale Crystallization and Inhibition Kinetics at Oilfield Conditions
Authors: Zhao Yue , Dai Zhaoyi , Dai Chong , Wang Xin , Paudyal Samridhdi , Ko Saebom , Yao Xuanzhu , Kan Amy T. , Tomson Mason 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Scale inhibitors have been widely used as one of the most efficient methods for sulfate-scale control. To accurately predict the required minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC), we have previously developed several crystallization and inhibition models for pure sulfate scales, including barite, celestite, and gypsum. However, disregarding the wide existence of barium-strontium-sulfate (Ba-Sr-SO4) solid solution in the oil field, no related models have been developed that would lead to large errors in MIC determination. In this study, the induction time of Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution was measured by laser apparatus with or without different concentrations of scale inhibitor diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) at the conditions of barite saturation index (SI) from 1.5 to 1.8, temperature (T) from 40 to 70°C, and [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratios from 0 to 15 with celestite SI &lt; 0. The results showed that the Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution’s induction time increases with the [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratio at a fixed barite SI, T, and DTPMP dosage. That means the MIC will be overestimated if it is calculated by the previous semiempirical pure barite crystallization and inhibition models without considering the presence of Sr2+. To resolve such deviations, the novel quantitative Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution crystallization and inhibition models were developed for the first time. The novel models are in good agreement with the experimental data. They can be used to predict the induction time and MIC more accurately at these common Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexisting scenarios. The observations and new models proposed in this study will significantly improve the barite scale management while Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexist in the oil field.
Establishing Differentiated Air-Liquid Interface Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Cultures
Authors: Dailey Lisa , McCullough Shaun D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This protocol describes the establishment and maintenance of differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cell (pHBEC) cultures from primary bronchial epithelial cells using Lonza and Gibco media. Note: This is a historical protocol. At the time of publication, this protocol has been superseded by a different version in the McCullough lab; however, it is being published to support the transparency and reproducibility of other studies by which it is referenced.Disclaimer: The information presented here has been reviewed and approved for publication by the US Environmental Protection Agency do not necessarily represent Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use.
Antimicrobial Testing of Dry Surfaces through Large Droplet Inoculation
Authors: Caschera Alexander , Ronan Evan , Yusuf Farhan , Tehrani Amir , Porosa Lukasz , Kroukamp Otini , Wolfaardt Gideon , Foucher Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Large Droplet Inoculation (LDI) protocol for testing antimicrobial coatings and treatments is simple, reproducible, and closely mimics real-world conditions at solid/air interfaces. This is an advancement of the current ISO 22196/JIS Z 2801 standard method, as it provides greater ease-of-use and more closely resembles the contamination of common surfaces. The protocol involves inoculating 100 µL droplets containing ~107 microbial cells of a test microorganism onto sets of antimicrobial-treated and untreated control sample material. The sets are protected from dust accumulation and allowed to air dry, which causes all cells within each droplet to encounter the sample surface. The surviving cells are then collected by vortexing in a collection liquid and enumerating to evaluate differences in survival on the antimicrobial-treated and untreated control samples. Overall, the LDI protocol requires 10 hours of basic microbiology over one week and provides a simple means of assessing the efficacy of various antimicrobial coatings and treatments.
Can Physical exercise be an effective adjuvant before the potential COVID-19 vaccine? Insights from serological responses and severity of re-infected cases&nbsp;
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine , Menshawey Rahma , Hozaien Rafeef , Kamel Aya , Mishriky Fady , Nathan Lauren , Yacoub Elaria , Hanoura Aia Mohamed , AlShehry Nada , Menshawey Esraa , El-Husseiny Nadine , Yasser Reem , Arsanyous Mariem , Husseiny Reem J. , Seyam Mahmoud , Massoud Doaa , Ali Nada , Kassim Assem , AmanAllah Mostafa , Elsayed Rokaya , Sheashaa Hesham , Husseiny Yousef , Hassan Nourhan , Badr Kirollos , Elkhateb Amr , Fouad Verina , Elfishawy Mayada , Medhat Omar , Mustafa Mai , Khalil Noha , Elsayed Rawan , Nada Youssef , Elshawarbi Passant , Abdelmoneim Noha , Gamal Nada , Messiha Mariam , Ghazy Marihan , Abdelfatah Emmy , Nasry Febronia , Gayed Ramy , Eesa Marian , Luis Merna , Eskandar Estfana , Yacoub Shenoda , Rajab Maram , Abdelaziz Mariam , Elgamal Nadine , Jaber Hutaf , Tayssir Sara , Michael Mark , Sabry Ahmed , Shehata Joseph , Abdelaziz Rania , Rateb Sherry , El-Maghraby Ahmed , Mahjoub Yara , Amr Alaa , Mabrouk Amin , Kelada Peter , Saud Alaa , Ragab Shahd , Eltaher Basant , Galal Rahma Hassan , Aly Omnya Mahmoud , Aly Taquwa , AbdelHaleem Rana , ElShaarawy Areeg , Mohamed Omnia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:As more than 37 million confirmed cases and 1 million deaths worldwide from COVID-19, we flied to think about supporting immunity, So, there are more than 150 coronavirus vaccines and clinical trials are being developed. The success of those vaccines depends mainly on immunologic memory. People who are at high risk of re-infection with COVID-19 don’t show any evidence of having B-cell memory. 10-20% of infected patients don’t develop antibody response. randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional studies proved variant results about the effect of chronic exercise on vaccination function.The aim of this review is to suggest that exercise is an important adjuvant strategy for prevention of re-infection and for development of better protective responses following vaccination.Methods:Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Register were used to search for specific keywords such as “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” AND “Re-infection” for relevant publications up to 1st of Nov. 2020. The systematic review was performed using PRISMA protocol.Results:According to inclusion criteria, 6 case reports from search and one case from a press conference were identified. The average age of re-infected patients was 36 years. The average intervening period between initial infection and reinfection was 105 days. 75% of cases who have been tested for antibodies after 1st infection were negative, and turned seropositive after second infection. 57% of cases developing re-infection had worse clinical manifestation.Conclusion:Regular moderate intensity exercise not only can enhance the secondary antibody response of B cell memory but also decrease the severity of re-infection and the adverse reactogenicity of potential vaccines under development.
Regulation of blood pressure by the central nucleus of the amygdala in dynamically changing appetitive and aversive classical conditioning tasks in rats
Authors: Yamanaka Ko , Waki Hidefumi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In an environment of dynamically changing conditions, humans and animals can determine whether a current situation is favorable to them and accordingly select actions. Autonomic cardiovascular tuning is as important as motor control for this function. However, neuronal mechanisms underlying the dynamic adjustments of autonomic cardiovascular responses remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that the amygdala plays a role in autonomic cardiovascular tuning in a dynamically changing situation. We recorded the blood pressures and heart rates of head-restrained rats during appetitive and aversive classical conditioning tasks. Rats learned varying associations between conditioned stimuli and unconditioned stimuli in appetitive, neutral, and aversive blocks. Blood pressure and heart rate in the appetitive block gradually increased in response to reward-predicting cue, preceded by a vigorously increased response to the actual reward. The predictive response was significantly higher than the responses in the neutral and aversive condition blocks. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to the air puff-predicting cue in the aversive block were significantly lower than that of the responses in the neutral block. The conditioned blood pressure response rapidly changed through condition switching. Furthermore, bilateral pharmacological inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala has significantly decreased reward-predictive pressor responses in the latter phase, but not in the initial phase of block change. These results suggest that blood pressure is adaptively tuned by positive and negative conditioned stimuli and that the central nucleus of the amygdala likely assists in maintaining pressor response in dynamically changing situations.
Continuous Infusion of Lidocaine in Pediatric Colonoscopy: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Chengli , Wu Jiayao , Gao Ningyang , Li Kuiwei , Li Yongle , Huang Xizhao , Huang Wei , Hu Zurong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Propofol is commonly used for providing procedural sedation during pediatric colonoscopy. Intravenous (i.v.) lidocaine can mitigate visceral pain and reduce propofol requirements during surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of intravenous lidocaine on perioperative propofol and sufentanil dose, pulse oxygen saturation, postoperative pain score, and recovery time during pediatric colonoscopy.Methods: We designed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study and enrolled 80 children aged from 3 to 10 years old who underwent colonoscopy. After titration of propofol to achieve unconsciousness, the patients were given i.v. lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg then 2 mg/kg/h) or the same volume of saline. Sedation was standardized and combined propofol with sufentanil. The primary outcome variables were intraoperative propofol and sufentanil requirements, and the number of oxygen desaturation episodes. Secondary outcome variables were recovery time after colonoscopy and post-colonoscopy pain.Results: Lidocaine infusion resulted in a significant reduction in propofol requirements: (median (quartile) 1.8 (1.5-2.0) vs. 3.0 (2.8-3.3) mg/kg respectively; P<0.001) and sufentanil requirements: (median (quartile) 0.06 (0.05-0.08) vs. 0.1 (0.1-0.1) μg/kg respectively; P<0.001). The number of subjects who experienced oxygen desaturation below 95% in the lidocaine group was also significantly less than that in the control group: 2 vs. 8 (P=0.04). The mean (SD) recovery time was significantly shorter in the lidocaine group: (19.2 (2.6) vs. 13.3 (2.6) min respectively; P<0.001). There was no significant difference regarding post-colonoscopy pain.Conclusion: Continuous infusion of lidocaine resulted in reduction in propofol and sufentanil dose requirements, recovery time, and risk of hypoxemia during pediatric colonoscopy.Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, ChiCTR2000028927, January 8, 2020, prospectively registered.
Community Perception of COVID-19: A Qualitative Approach through Applying the&nbsp;&nbsp;Health Belief Model
Authors: Gishe Gamachu , Hailu Tamirat , Aman Rameto , Dango Sisay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To achieve the intended objectives, an in depth exploratory design was utilized. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select 45 participants from bank, hotel, traffic police office, grocery and bus station. Tools of data collection included semi-structured interview guide and observation checklist. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. In the very beginning when few Corona Virus cases were reported, in general, people were scared to death. It is evident that most of the government workers like bank employees, traffic police and all are well aware of Covid-19 preventive methods and consequences and try their best to make the people to be part of the fight against the pandemic. But the common people from different walks of life, some with ignorance, some with innocence and some with a particular political ideology defy and violate the WHO covid-19 protocol.
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of RNA-Binding Proteins Regulates Neural Stem Cell Fates&nbsp;
Authors: MacPherson Melissa J. , Erickson Sarah L , Kopp Drayden , Wen Pengqiang , Aghanoori Mohammadreza , Vitobello Antonio , Thomas Quentin , Gold Nina , Brucker William , Amlie-Wolf Louise , Gripp Karen W. , Bodamer Olaf , Faivre Laurence , Muona Mikko , Wei Xing-Chang , Long Quan , Innes A. Micheil , Yang Guang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The formation of the cerebral cortex requires balanced expansion and differentiation of neural progenitor cells, the fate choice of which requires regulation at many steps of gene expression. As progenitor cells often exhibit transcriptomic stochasticity, the ultimate output of cell fate-determining genes must be carefully controlled at the post-transcriptional level, but how this is orchestrated is poorly understood. Here we report that de novo missense variants in an RNA-binding protein CELF2 cause human cortical malformations and perturb neural progenitor cell fate decisions in mice by disrupting the nucleocytoplasmic transport of CELF2. In self-renewing neural progenitors, CELF2 is localized in the cytoplasm where it binds and coordinates mRNAs that encode cell fate regulators and neurodevelopmental disorder-related factors. The translocation of CELF2 into the nucleus releases mRNAs for translation and thereby triggers neural progenitor differentiation. Our results reveal a mechanism by which transport of CELF2 between discrete subcellular compartments orchestrates an RNA regulon to instruct cell fates in cerebral cortical development.