bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive predictive values in clinical screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Husum Hans‐Christen , Ghaffari Arash , Rytoft Laura Amalie , Svendsson Jens , Harving Søren , Kold Søren , Rahbek Ole 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo establish the positive predictive value (PPV) of clinical hip examinations performed by referrers in the Danish screening programme for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) utilising three definitions of true positive DDH diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 290 children (169 female) referred during a 4‐year period to the orthopaedic outpatient clinic at our institution with a positive clinical hip examination. Positive predictive value was calculated for clinical hip examinations across three definitions of a true positive clinical hip examination for all referrers and subgroups consisting of general practitioners, midwives and paediatricians. The PPV for clinical hip examinations was calculated for paediatric orthopaedic surgeons using one of the three definitions.ResultsPositive predictive value of clinical hip examinations for all referrers were 5.4%, 3.6% and 1.8% with the definition of a true positive DDH diagnosis defined as clinical instability found by orthopaedic surgeon, ultrasound classification ≥Graf IIc or both definitions combined, respectively. Positive predictive value of clinical hip examinations performed by orthopaedic surgeons was 33.3% with a true positive clinical examination defined as an ultrasound classification ≥Graf IIc.ConclusionWe conclude that the positive predictive value of clinical hip examinations made by referrers in the Danish screening programme for DDH is low.
A review of CSR classification schemes and the operationalization of bolted‐on vs. built‐in CSR
Authors: Rahman Noushi , Blake Laura 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent conceptualization of built‐in versus bolted‐on corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives has offered a much‐needed distinguishing framework to sophisticate our understanding of why different CSR initiatives yield varying corporate social performance (CSP) and associated recognition from stakeholders. One of the major roadblocks in conducting research on these two types of CSR initiatives is the absence of a valid and reliable measure. We address this void by developing a measure for bolted‐on versus built‐in CSR that relies on coding publicly available content. Our measure of these two types of CSR initiatives tests favorably for both convergent and discriminant validity and inter‐rater reliability. Advancement of such a measurement instrument will positively contribute to CSR research, enabling scholars to better theorize the linkage between CSR and reputation, and other aspects of firm performance.
Utilizing stability criteria in choosing feature selection methods yields reproducible results in microbiome data
Authors: Jiang Lingjing , Haiminen Niina , Carrieri Anna‐Paola , Huang Shi , Vázquez‐Baeza Yoshiki , Parida Laxmi , Kim Ho‐Cheol , Swafford Austin D. , Knight Rob , Natarajan Loki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFeature selection is indispensable in microbiome data analysis, but it can be particularly challenging as microbiome data sets are high dimensional, underdetermined, sparse and compositional. Great efforts have recently been made on developing new methods for feature selection that handle the above data characteristics, but almost all methods were evaluated based on performance of model predictions. However, little attention has been paid to address a fundamental question: how appropriate are those evaluation criteria? Most feature selection methods often control the model fit, but the ability to identify meaningful subsets of features cannot be evaluated simply based on the prediction accuracy. If tiny changes to the data would lead to large changes in the chosen feature subset, then many selected features are likely to be a data artifact rather than real biological signal. This crucial need of identifying relevant and reproducible features motivated the reproducibility evaluation criterion such as Stability, which quantifies how robust a method is to perturbations in the data. In our paper, we compare the performance of popular model prediction metrics (MSE or AUC) with proposed reproducibility criterion Stability in evaluating four widely used feature selection methods in both simulations and experimental microbiome applications with continuous or binary outcomes. We conclude that Stability is a preferred feature selection criterion over model prediction metrics because it better quantifies the reproducibility of the feature selection method.
Nonparametric estimation in an illness‐death model with component‐wise censoring
Authors: Eaton Anne , Sun Yifei , Neaton James , Luo Xianghua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn disease settings where study participants are at risk for death and a serious nonfatal event, composite endpoints defined as the time until the earliest of death or the nonfatal event are often used as the primary endpoint in clinical trials. In practice, if the nonfatal event can only be detected at clinic visits and the death time is known exactly, the resulting composite endpoint exhibits “component‐wise censoring.” The standard method used to estimate event‐free survival in this setting fails to account for component‐wise censoring. We apply a kernel smoothing method previously proposed for a marker process in a novel way to produce a nonparametric estimator for event‐free survival that accounts for component‐wise censoring. The key insight that allows us to apply this kernel method is thinking of nonfatal event status as an intermittently observed binary time‐dependent variable rather than thinking of time to the nonfatal event as interval‐censored. We also propose estimators for the probability in state and restricted mean time in state for reversible or irreversible illness‐death models, under component‐wise censoring, and derive their large‐sample properties. We perform a simulation study to compare our method to existing multistate survival methods and apply the methods on data from a large randomized trial studying a multifactor intervention for reducing morbidity and mortality among men at above average risk of coronary heart disease.
Ecosystem services provided by aculeate wasps
Authors: Brock Ryan E. , Cini Alessandro , Sumner Seirian 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe aculeate wasps are one of the most diverse and speciose insect taxa; they are omnipresent across ecosystems and exhibit diverse co‐evolutionary and exploitative associations with other organisms. There is widespread conjecture that aculeate wasps are likely to perform essential ecological and economic services of importance to the health, well‐being and nutritional needs of our planet. However, the scope and nature of the ecosystem services they provide are not well understood relative to other insect groups (e.g. bees, butterflies, beetles); an appreciation of their value is further tarnished by their public reputation as pointless pests. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive review of how aculeate wasps contribute to the four main areas of ecosystem services: regulatory, provisioning, supporting and cultural services. Uniting data from a large but previously disconnected literature on solitary and social aculeate wasps, we provide a synthesis on how these insects perform important ecosystem services as parasites, predators, biological indicators, pollinators, decomposers and seed dispersers; and their additional services as a sustainable alternative to meat for human consumption, and medicinal potential as sources of research leads for anti‐microbials and cancer treatments. We highlight how aculeate wasps offer substantial, but largely overlooked, economic benefits through their roles in natural pest management and biological control programs. Accordingly, we provide data‐driven arguments for reasons to consider the ecosystem service value of aculeate wasps on a par with other ‘useful’ insects (e.g. bees). Finally, we provide a research roadmap identifying the key areas of research required to capitalise better on the services provided by these important insects.
Perceived racial and cultural discrimination and sense of belonging in Canadian society
Authors: Wu Zheng , Finnsdottir Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMulticulturalism promises equality and tolerance, yet racialized minorities in Canada continue to report experiences of discrimination. As Canada becomes increasingly culturally and racially diverse, it is important to understand what this discrimination means for sense of belonging in Canada. Using ordinary logistic regressions, we examine the effects of ethnocultural and racial discrimination on sense of belonging. Relying on a theoretical framework of the Rejection/Identification and Rejection/Disidentification models, we test the impacts of discrimination on national sense of belonging and on in‐group sense of belonging. We further examine the differential effects of discrimination on sense of belonging for white and non‐white Canadians. We find that discrimination negatively impacts both national and in‐group sense of belonging among both non‐white and white Canadians, although the impact is stronger among racialized minorities. Thus, we argue that discrimination reduces sense of belonging in Canada generally, but is more damaging to those who already occupy a marginalized social position. These findings have implications for our understanding of multiculturalism in Canada.
Successful management of dengue in renal transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort from a single center
Authors: Meshram Hari Shankar , Kute Vivek , Patel Himanshu , Banerjee Subho , Chauhan Sanshriti , Desai Sudeep 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe literature on dengue infection in renal transplant recipients has shown wide diversity in clinical presentation and outcome. The objective of this study was to report the clinical profile, short‐term and long‐term outcomes of dengue among renal transplant recipients.MethodsA total of 59 post‐transplant dengue suspected cases were admitted from July 2019 to April 2020 of which 31 had confirmed dengue infection. The clinical and laboratory profile of the confirmed dengue cases (n = 31) were compared with non‐dengue cases (n = 28).ResultsAmong the clinical and laboratory features retro‐orbital pain, conjunctival redness, thrombocytopenia on admission, and absence of arthralgia were significantly associated with dengue compared to non‐dengue cases. No mortality was observed in the dengue cases. Allograft dysfunction, acute rejection and graft losses were identified in 64.5% (n = 20), 6.4% (n = 2) and 6.4% (n = 2) dengue cases respectively. No rejection or graft losses were observed in 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsWe report a differential clinical profile for dengue in transplant settings which will aid in the diagnosis. We also report successful management of dengue infection in renal transplant recipients with the majority having allograft dysfunction. A long‐term follow‐up of the cohort was uneventful.
Extracorporeal photopheresis and its role in heart transplant rejection: prophylaxis and treatment
Authors: Slomovich Sharon , Bell Jennifer , Clerkin Kevin J. , Habal Marlena V. , Griffin Jan M. , Raikhelkar Jayant K. , Fried Justin A. , Vossoughi Sarah R. , Finnigan Katie , Latif Farhana , Farr Maryjane A. , Sayer Gabriel T. , Uriel Nir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeart transplantation is the gold standard therapeutic option for select patients with end‐stage heart failure. Unfortunately, successful long‐term outcomes of heart transplantation can be hindered by immune‐mediated rejection of the cardiac allograft, specifically acute cellular rejection, antibody‐mediated rejection, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Extracorporeal photopheresis is a cellular immunotherapy that involves the collection and treatment of white blood cells contained in the buffy coat with a photoactive psoralen compound, 8‐methoxy psoralen, and subsequent irradiation with ultraviolet A light. This process is thought to cause DNA and RNA crosslinking, ultimately leading to cell destruction. The true mechanism of therapeutic action remains unknown. In the last three decades, extracorporeal photopheresis has shown promising results and is indicated for a variety of conditions. The American Society for Apheresis currently recommends the use of extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, scleroderma, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, graft‐versus‐host disease, Crohn's disease, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, and solid organ rejection in heart, lung, and liver transplantation. In this review, we aim to explore the proposed effects of extracorporeal photopheresis and to summarize published data on its use as a prophylactic and therapy in heart transplant rejection.
Knowledge and attitudes of critical care providers towards neurophysiological monitoring, seizure diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Butler Evie , Mills Nicholas , J P Alix James , Hart Anthony R 
Published: April 2021

AimTo explore the attitudes of paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) health care professionals towards diagnosis and neurophysiological monitoring of seizures.MethodThis study used an explanatory sequential mixed‐methods approach, interconnecting quantitative and qualitative features, comprising questionnaires and interviews, with equal weighting between stages, of health care professionals working in UK PICUs. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and triangulated with questionnaire data.ResultsSeventy‐two questionnaires were returned: 49 out of 60 (71.0%) of respondents reported that seizures were extremely hard or somewhat hard to diagnose in a critically ill child, and 81.2% had seen misdiagnosis occur. Thematic analysis revealed two main themes: (1) feeling out of control when faced with ‘grey areas’; and (2) regaining control, which compromised three subthemes: aggressive intervention, accurate diagnosis, and eschewing diagnosis.InterpretationHealth care professionals find accurate diagnosis of seizures difficult, particularly in sedated/paralysed children and those with chronic neurological disorders. They report they would like better educational opportunities on discriminating between epileptic and non‐epileptic events to improve their confidence. Professionals want routine neurophysiological monitoring that can be applied and interpreted at the bedside throughout the day to regain a sense of control over their patient, direct treatment appropriately, and, potentially, improve outcomes, but report appropriate training and peer review are essential if it is to be introduced into routine care.
What this study adds

Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) staff feel out of control when faced with diagnosing seizures.

Neurophysiological monitoring is wanted to help diagnosis and treatment.

Amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography is the preferred, pragmatic tool by PICU staff.
Re‐membering Dismemberment: Haunting Images of Amputation at Aanolee and Oromo Political Subjectivities in Ethiopia
Authors: Park Young Su 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis ethnographic study examines how the late nineteenth century Aanolee massacre in Ethiopia is remembered by the Arsi Oromo in gestures of amputation and memorial monuments. Haunted by vivid images of the amputated body, descendants of those who experienced this collective historical trauma have recast the past with implications for Oromo subjectivities. During recent periods of political violence, the dismembered bodies of the past have become reference points for Arsi Oromo seeking to reconstitute their collective social body. They literally “re‐member” their community by having larger families and meeting under Odaa trees that represent the traditional Oromo political system and social body. This research suggests that secondary hauntings constituted of memorializations of the violated body can remain so emotionally potent as to facilitate new political responses and imaginaries among peoples with historical trauma.
An in vitro pharmacodynamic spiking study of befovacimab, a tissue factor pathway inhibitor monoclonal antibody, in blood samples from patients with severe FVIII deficiency
Authors: Martin Erika J. , Nolte Melinda E. , Kuhn Janice , Schmidt Nicole , Pfaff Nils , Brophy Donald F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionTissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an endogenous protein that inhibits the extrinsic (tissue factor) pathway and negatively regulates thrombin production during coagulation. Inhibiting TFPI may become a useful target for haemophilia drug development to allow greater thrombin generation without use of the intrinsic (contact) pathway.AimsThe in vitro effects of befovacimab, a humanized TFPI neutralizing antibody, were studied in whole blood and plasma samples from patients with severe FVIII deficiency.MethodsBlood and plasma obtained from participants was supplemented in vitro with befovacimab (0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 100 nM) or recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) 5‐, 10‐ and 40% and analysed using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), thrombin generation assay (TGA) and the dilute prothrombin time (dPT) assay. The in vitro coagulation effects of befovacimab were compared to samples supplemented with rFVIII.ResultsBefovacimab induced consistent pro‐coagulant responses in ROTEM parameters including reduction in clotting times and increases in α‐angle; induced reductions in dPT clotting time; and improvements in TGA parameters (reduced lag time and increased thrombin generation parameters). There was a modest concentration‐dependent response generally from 0.5‐ to 10 nM, after which, the pharmacodynamic effect plateaued through the 100 nM concentration. Befovacimab concentrations of 5 to 10 nM showed pro‐coagulant activity comparable to blood samples supplemented with rFVIII 10–40%.ConclusionsBefovacimab has modest dose‐response effects from 0.5 to 10 nM with minimal improvement with higher concentrations. In vitro befovacimab blood concentrations of 5 to 10 nM had pro‐coagulant effects similar to blood supplemented with rFVIII 10‐ to 40%.
Citizen experience in public transport: A systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Rincon‐Novoa Jeisson , Rojas‐Berrio Sandra , Robayo‐Pinzon Oscar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPublic transport is a relevant issue for cities’ and territories’ development. From the perspective of consumer behavior, citizens’ experience as users and consumers is a topic of interest for public policy, especially at times when people are expected to avoid agglomerations. Given the lack of literature found in the systematic review regarding the future research agenda of consumer behavior in public transport, this research analyses the methodological perspectives, variables, and conceptual approaches relating to citizen experience of public transport. This systematic review takes 1997 to 2020 as a time frame and complies with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines; in addition, the research question follows the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Context (PICOC) strategy. The review of experiences in the public sector leads to a classification of articles that refer to citizens’ experience of public transport. The main findings show four research topics concerning citizen experience of public transport: the individual perspective on factors influencing the experience; the comprehensive design of public transport in different process stages (pre‐core, core, post‐core, and redesign) and its interaction with citizens; the decision‐making process involved in selecting “routes” and “modes” for travel; and responses and reactions to stimuli aimed at evaluating the experience. To conclude, the discussion focuses on the future lines of research in the area.
Mental health nurses’ psychological well‐being, mental distress, and workplace resilience: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Delgado Cynthia , Roche Michael , Fethney Judith , Foster Kim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMental health nurses (MHNs) frequently face emotional adversity and stressors at work that can negatively impact their psychological well‐being and result in mental distress. This can affect their capacity for therapeutic work, professional relationships, and overall work performance. In the context of work, resilience is a dynamic process of positive adaptation to adversity that can lead to psychological well‐being and increased work performance. There is limited knowledge, however, on MHNs’ psychological well‐being and resilience from an Australian perspective. This study aimed to investigate the levels of, and relationships between, psychological well‐being, mental distress, and workplace resilience in Australian MHNs. A cross‐sectional online survey using Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well‐being (PWS) 18, Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS) 21, and Resilience at Work measures was completed by registered nurses (n = 482) working in a mental health setting or role. Mean scores were 85.38 for psychological well‐being and 70.27 for workplace resilience, with more than half reporting levels above the mean. However, some participants scored in the severe to extremely severe categories for depression (7.8%), anxiety (8.7%) or stress (7.3%). Psychological well‐being had strong positive and negative associations, respectively, with workplace resilience (r = 0.571, P < 0.01) and depression (r = −0.563, P < 0.01). Having a postgraduate specialist qualification was positively associated with psychological well‐being. Postgraduate speciality education may be a key protective factor that can increase MHNs’ psychological well‐being. Strengthening workplace resilience is an important strategy for organizations to implement to support MHNs’ psychological well‐being and reduce the risk of mental distress.
Clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in degos disease: a systematic review
Authors: Kim P.J. , Lytvyn Y. , Kashetsky N. , Bagit A. , Mufti A. , Yeung J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDegos disease (atrophic papulosis) is a rare vasculopathy with cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Although potentially fatal, the characteristics of and treatments for Degos disease variants are not adequately described. We conducted a systematic review to summarize cutaneous and systemic presentations, treatments and outcomes of malignant (MAP) and benign (BAP) variants of Degos disease. A comprehensive search was conducted on Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL and CENTRAL on 27 October 2020, which yielded 254 original studies reporting cases of Degos disease. A total of 357 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age of onset was 33.9 years. MAP was most commonly reported (63.8%, n = 228/357), with 56.6% (n = 129/228) mortality. Cutaneous lesions were usually asymptomatic (26.3%, n = 81/308) and localized to the trunk (57.7%, n = 206/357) and extremities (56.8%, n = 203/357). Systemic involvement developed within 2 years on average, ranging from 0 to 28 years. Anti‐platelet monotherapy had a complete resolution rate of 42.3% (n = 11/26) in BAP and 20.0% (n = 7/35) in MAP. Based on the findings of the study, most cases of Degos disease are malignant with high mortality, and even benign cutaneous cases may develop systemic disease in as late as 28 years. Anti‐platelet monotherapies may prove effective against both variants. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.