bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of landscapes Dynamics and Intensity on Ecological Land in Major Ethiopia Cities
Authors: Degefu Mekonnen amberber 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding the dependence of ecological land to dynamics of human-nature-coupled landscape is crucial for urban ecosystem resilience. The aim of present study is, explored and compared the spaciotemporal responses of ecological land to urban landscape dynamics in Bahir Dar, Addis Ababa, Adama and Hawassa cities for the last three decades (1990–2020). Three sets of Landsat satellite images from 1990 to 2020 and four urban land indexes were used to produce landscape maps and geospatial data analysis. Result: The result analysis showed the substantial expansion in built up ecosystem which was manifested at the cost of ecological land. The built-up ecosystem totaled 17,491.2ha in 1990, which augmented to 42,298ha (141.8%) in 2020 with an average annual growth rate of 33.73%. A total of 40.97% of the prolonged built-up area was obtained from urban agricultural land alone. Moreover, urban sprawl is likely to continue, which will be outweighed by the loss of open space ecosystem. Besides, land use intensity (LUI) of each city in the years 1990 - 2020 were Addis Ababa (3.31), Hawassa (4.82), Adama (5.04), and Bahir Dar (3.56). Moreover, Integrated land use dynamics degree (ILUDD) was for Addis Ababa (1.7%), Bahir Dar (4.17%), Adama (2.25%) and Hawassa (4.83%). This confirmed that the spatial distribution LUI was significant consistency with ILUDD in all cities. Conclusions: LUI dynamics pattern was followed “urban ecological land to multi-complex human-dominance ecosystem, with a signiﬁcant influence on urban greenery and ecosystem services provides. Thus, in all cities, the implementation of effective ecological land management and urban planning policies are required for ensure economic development and ecosystem resilience.
Development a Prognostic Model Integrating lncRNA/ mRNA novel Biomarkers Identified by Bioinformatics Analysis and Experiments in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wei Jinrong , Dou Qianshu , Ba Futing , Jiang Guo-Qin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to established a prognosis model based on the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs for breast cancers.Methods: Single Variable Cox Proportional Risk Regression analysis and difference analysis were applied to screen survival-related and differently expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between tumor and normal tissues from TCGA data. GO and KEGG analysis were applied for top 30 survival-related genes. LncRNA/mRNA co-expressed network was constructed based on correlation analysis. LASSO analysis and Multivariate Stepwise Cox Regression analysis were applied to establish the prognosis model. RT-PCR experiments were applied to verify the correctness of the analysis results. Relative components of the TME in breast cancers with high and low risk groups were analysed by xCell and Cox proportional risk regression analysis. The ceRNA network was constructed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) for miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-lncRNA using paired miRNA, mRNA, and lncRNA expression profile data.Results:Venn diagrams showed that there were 60 genes and 54 lncRNAs that were differently expressed and related with survival. Through lncRNA/mRNA co-expressed network construction, 19 lncRNA and 16 mRNA hub genes were gained. The genes were then included in LASSO and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, and finally, 3 lncRNAs (LINC01497, LINC02766, LINC02528) and 2 mRNAs (C20orf85, CST1) were selected as prognosis predictive genes. According to the median risk score of the 5 candidates, patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group. The results of RT-PCR were consistent with the analysis results. The proportions of Adipocytes, Endothelial cells, HSCs, Fibroblasts were significantly lower in low risk score tissues compared with the high risk score tissues, while the proportions of M1 macrophages, MSCs, Th2 cells were significantly higher. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network containing 3 lncRNAs, 2 mRNAs, and 158 miRNAs was finally constructed, preliminarily revealed a proper mechanism of the 5 molecules playing important roles in breast cancer progression and prognosis prediction.Conclusion: We found that LINC01497, LINC02766, LINC02528 and C20orf85, CST1 may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to optimize the prognosis evaluation system of breast cancer.
Effects of Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive and Absorptive Functions, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Yang Chongwu , Diarra Moussa Sory , Choi Janghan , Rodas-Gonzalez Argenis , Lepp Dion , Liu Shangxi , Lu Peng , Mogire Marion , Wang Qi , Gong Joshua , Yang Chengbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Essential oils are potential antimicrobial alternatives and their applications in animal feeds are limited due to their fast absorption in upper gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the effects of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) at 50 ppm or 100 ppm on the growth performance, organ weights, meat quality, intestinal morphology, jejunal gene expression, nutrient digestibility, and ileal and cecal microbiota. A total of 320 male day-old broiler Cobb-500 chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 8 pens per treatment (10 birds per pen): 1) basal diet (negative control, NC); 2) basal diet supplemented with 30 ppm avilamycin premix (positive control, PC); 3) basal diet with 50 ppm encapsulated CIN (EOL); 4) basal diet with 100 ppm encapsulated CIN (EOH). Results: Despite birds fed EOH tended to increase (P = 0.05) meat pH at 24 h, all pH values were normal. Similar to PC group, meat from birds fed EOL and EOH showed a reduced (P < 0.05) Warner-Bratzler force shear (WBFS) compared to the NC group. The highest villus to crypt ratios (VH/CD; P < 0.05) were observed in broiler fed either EOL or EOH, with an average being 14.67% and 15.13% in the duodenum and 15.13% and 13.58% in the jejunum, respectively. For jejunal gene expressions, only six out of the 11 studied genes showed statistically differences among the dietary treatments. Gene expressions of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT-1) and neutral amino acid transporter 1 (B0AT-1) were upregulated in EOH-fed birds compared to PC and NC-fed birds (P < 0.05), respectively; while expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were downregulated in EOL-fed birds when compared to NC birds (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the expressions of cadherin 1 (CDH-1), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and maltase-glucoamylase (MG) were all upregulated (P < 0.05) in EOH-fed birds compared to PC-fed birds. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and of all 18 tested amino acids increased in EOL-fed birds (P < 0.01). Additionally, relative abundances (%) of ilealProteobacteriadecreased,while ileal and cecal Lactobacillusincreasedin EOH-fed birds(P< 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary encapsulated CINimproved meat quality and gut health by reducingmeat WBFS,increasing VH/CD in intestines, jejunal gene expressions, AID of nutrients and beneficiallyileal and cecal microbiota composition.
Association of Glutamate Receptor Metabotropic 5 Gene (Grm5) Polymorphisms With Schizophrenia Susceptibility and Symptoms in a Chinese-Han Population
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Su Xi , Guo Xiaoge , Liu Qing , Zhang Luwen , Shao Minglong , Zhang Yan , Ding Minli , Lu Yanli , Yang Yongfeng , Li Ming , Lv Luxian , Song Meng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is a potential target for the treatment of schizophrenia (SZ), with the evidence that mGluR5 modulates glutamatergic signaling through the NMDA receptor (NMDAR). Recently it was reported that the GRM5 gene (encoding mGluR5) is associated with SZ in the Scottish population. Methods: Here, case-control association analyses were performed in the Chinese-Han population to investigate if GRM5 gene is implicated in SZ. Twenty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in 528 paranoid SZ and 528 control subjects.Results: The genotypic and allelic frequencies of two SNPs, rs567990 and rs12421343 were significantly different between the case and control group (Genotype P = 0.007 and 0.011; Allele P = 0.003 and 0.021; respectively). The frequency of rs504183 allele was associated with SZ (P = 0.030). When subjects were stratified by gender, the rs12422021, rs567990, rs12421343, and rs7101540 remained significantly associated with SZ in female patients. Analysis of clinical features of SZ, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) inventory, displayed association of GRM5 to features of the general phenotype of SZ, including traits representing delusions, hallucinations and negative symptoms. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provides further evidence that GRM5 is associated with SZ, and implies a putative sex difference for the effect of the gene.
Application of Response Surface Methodology in Scallop Shelling
Authors: Lu Cunzhuang , Cai Chenxu , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Aiquan , Li Fuqian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Shelling is a central and crucial step in the mechanized processing of scallops. However, current research on the peeling mechanism is insufficient, and a relatively complete theoretical system has not been established so far. This paper proposes an application of response surface methodology and the design of an experiment to provide and stimulate further research on the automation of scallop shucking. Effective factors on the binding force of scallops are evaluated and discussed in this paper. The relationship between responses with significant factors is established. By employing response surface methodology, mathematical regression model can be efficiently performed. This response model is applied to analyze the response surface contours and surface plots to estimate shelling performance by developing a better shucking process. At the same time, quadric model proposed is used not only for predicted optimal process parameters but also for process optimization, and enrich the theoretical system of shellfish shelling.
Efficacy of Navigating Through the Intraplaque Route using AnteOwl WR Intravascular Ultrasound in Femoropopliteal Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Kodera Satoshi , Takanashi Keisuke , Sahashi Shuichi , Shakya Sandeep , Kanda Junji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere is no consensus on the optimal guidewire passage route for femoropopliteal (FP) chronic total occlusion (CTO). If intraplaque wiring can be performed, a stent-less strategy using a drug-coated balloon (DCB) can be realized even with FP CTO, and there is a high possibility that good expansion can be obtained even when stent deployment is performed. AnteOwl WR (AnteOwl) is a novel intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) device useful for navigating the second guidewire into the intraplaque route under IVUS observation from the subintimal space. Here, we describe representative cases of FP CTO in which CTO-specific IVUS was extremely useful.Case presentationCase 1 was a 79-year-old man undergoing hemodialysis who presented with claudication of the left lower limb. Control angiography showed total occlusion of the left superficial femoral artery (SFA). We performed antegrade wiring, but the guidewire was advanced into the subintimal space. We advanced AnteOwl into CTO. Using the AnteOwl IVUS transducer and IVUS-wire bias, we found that the IVUS-wire is at the top and the transducer is at the bottom, and based on this information, a plaque to aim exists on the right side of the IVUS catheter at right anterior oblique of 30°. By aiming the wiring in that direction, we succeeded in traversing the center of the plaque and finally succeeded in obtaining good expansion using the DCB. Case 2 was of an 76-year-old woman with ulceration and gangrene of the left foot. Control angiography showed total occlusion from the SFA to the popliteal artery (Pop A). When AnteOwl was placed on the wire and advanced to the Pop A, the subintimal space in the middle of the SFA could be visualized. We employed an IVUS-guided parallel wire technique and succeeded in passing through all intraplaque routes. Although the CTO was long, we could easily advance through the intraplaque route by reflecting the information obtained from AnteOwl in angiography.Conclusions﻿AnteOwl is an effective IVUS technique for FP CTO and facilitates a complex IVUS-guided procedure.
Does Fiscal Policy stimulate Economic Growth in Ethiopia? An ARDL Approach
Authors: Mengistu Solomon Tilahun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, a vast literature has appeared on the relationship between fiscal policy and long-run economic growth. With the aim of give an overview of the recent discussion and establish a point of departure for future research, this study used time series techniques and used empirical model by Kneller et al (1999) and Bleaney et al (2000) to investigate the link between various components of fiscal policy on Ethiopia’s economic growth on annual data for the period 1985/86 – 2019. It employed the autoregressive distributed lag estimation technique. Results from the bound tests showed that there was a long-run relationship between the variables. Disaggregating government expenditure into productive and unproductive and tax revenue into distortionary and non-distortionary, this study found unproductive expenditure and non-distortionary tax revenue to be neutral to growth as predicted by economic theory. Moreover, productive expenditure has positive effect on growth while there was evidence of distortionary effects on growth of distortionary taxes. These results give right signal to policy makers in Ethiopia in formulating expenditure and tax policies to ensure unproductive expenditures are reduced while at the same time boosting public investment. Furthermore, there is need to encourage private investment in the country.
Chronic pain among children with cerebral palsy attending a Ugandan hospital: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bambi Emma Nsalazi , Mwesige Angelina Kakooza , Lekuya Hervé Monka , Kasirye Philip , Idro Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) frequently experience chronic pain. The burden and severity of such pain is often underestimated in relation to their other impairments.Recognition and awareness of this chronic pain among children with CP constitute the cornerstone for caretakers and clinicians to improve the quality of life of those children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic pain among children with CP, and the factors associated.Methods: A cross-sectional study of children with CP, aged 2 – 12 years, attending the CP rehabilitation clinic and Pediatric Neurology Clinic at Mulago Hospital, Uganda from November 2017 to May 2018. A detailed history and clinical examination were performed and the co-morbidities were determined. CP was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System, Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), and the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) and documented with the level of impairment in the different domains. Pain was assessed by using the revised Face, Legs, Activity, Consolability, Cry pain scale.Results: A total of 224 children with CP were enrolled. The prevalence of chronic pain was 64.3%. The majority had spastic bilateral CP (77.8%), moderate pain lasting over 6 months, and none of them was on long-term pain management. Epilepsy (60.9%), behavioral problem (63.2%), hearing impairment (66,7%), learning problem (67,6%), dental caries (75%), gastro-esophageal reflux (75%), sleep disorders (79.5%), vision impairment (80%), and malnutrition (90%) were comorbid conditions of chronic pain in children with CP in this study. The factors independently associated with chronic pain among children with CP were the GMFC system level 4 & 5, CFCS level 4 & 5, EDACS level 4 & 5, female children, and caretaker aged more than 30 years.Conclusion: Two-thirds of children with CP attending rehabilitation in this hospital had chronic pain. None was receiving pain management. Chronic pain was associated with the presence of multiple co-morbidities and more severe disability. Rehabilitation and care programs for children with CP should include assessment of pain in routine care and provide interventions for pain relief in children with CP even at an early age.
Heavy Metals in Liver, Kidney, Brain and Muscle: Health Risk Assessment for Consumption of Edible parts of Birds from the Chahnimeh reservoirs Sistan (Iran)
Authors: Behrooz Reza Dahmardeh , Burger Joanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The concentrations of four heavy metals zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) were determined in liver, kidney, muscle and brain of nine species of birds from the Chahmimeh Sistan from Iran, to assess metal levels and the potential risk to birds, and to the people who eat them. Higher levels of all metals were found in the brain of waterfowl than in the tissues of other birds (P < 0.05). There were no significant gender differences in heavy metals in all tissue. Levels of Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn in the liver and kidney varied as a function of feeding habitats; the median levels were higher in invertebrate predators than fish predators and omnivorous species (P < 0.05). Short distance migrating birds had higher median levels of heavy metals in liver and kidney than long distance migrant birds (P < 0.05). Ni levels in liver and kidney tissues in 56% of birds were higher than the critical thresholds levels for effects in birds. Our data indicate that environmental exposure to metals were higher in the wintering populations of birds in the Chahnimeh of Sistan from Iran. Concentration Zn, Pb and Cd in a small percentage of birds, and 56% nickel level in liver and 56% kidney concentrations in birds, were above toxicity levels. Examination EDI, EWI and HQ of the edible tissues (kidney, Liver and muscle) of these birds showed that their consumption is a threat to the health of the people of the region.
Affordability of current diets and healthy, more equitable, sustainable diets, by area of socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness in Queensland:&nbsp;Insights into the drivers of food choice
Authors: Lee Amanda J. , Patay Dori , Herron Lisa-Maree , Harrison Ella Parnell , Lewis Meron 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Poor diet is the leading preventable risk factor contributing to the burden of disease globally and in Australia, and is inequitably distributed. As the price of healthy foods is a perceived barrier to improved diets, evidence on the cost and affordability of current (unhealthy) and recommended (healthy, more equitable and sustainable) diets is required to support policy action.
Methods

This study applied the Healthy Diets ASAP (Australian Standardised Affordability and Pricing) methods protocol to measure the cost, cost differential and affordability of current and recommended diets for a reference household in Queensland, Australia. Food prices were collected in 18 randomly selected locations stratified by area of socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness. Diet affordability was calculated for three income categories.
Results

Surprisingly, recommended diets would cost 20% less than the current diet in Queensland as a whole. Households spent around 60% of their food budget on discretionary choices (that is, those not required for health that are high in saturated fat, added sugar, salt and/or alcohol). Queensland families would need to spend around 23% of their income on recommended diets. However, recommended diets would not be affordable in low socioeconomic or very remote areas, costing 30% and 35% of median household income respectively. The government supplements due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic would improve affordability of recommended diets by 29%.
Conclusions

Study findings highlight that, although price is one factor affecting consumer food choice, other drivers such as taste, convenience, advertising and availability are important too. Nevertheless, the study found that recommended diets would be unaffordable in very remote areas, and that low income families are likely experiencing food stress, irrespective of where they live in Queensland. Policy actions, such as increasing to 20% the current 10% Goods and Services tax differential between basic healthy, and unhealthy foods in Australia, and supplementing incomes of vulnerable households, especially in remote areas, are recommended to help improve diet equity and sustainability, and health and wellbeing for all.
The Risk Assessment of Thyroid Disorders Based on Metabonomics
Authors: Bai Jing , Liu Xiangyi , Liu Haishun , Xiong Chan , Zhu Kewen , Ma Qingwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWhen thyroid disorders occurred, it can disturb the balance of trace elements in human body. Therefore, the detection of trace elements during an early screening of thyroid diseases, treatment, and prognosis judgment based on personal characteristics of drugs and treatment will provide a scientific basis for clinical decision-making and can effectively reduce patients' pain and social medical burden. Methods50 healthy volunteers and 200 patients with thyroid diseases (58 cases of thyroid nodule, 59 cases of goiter, 34 cases of postoperative thyroid cancer and 24 cases of thyroid cancer) were compared in our study. Total trace elements of iodine, selenium, manganese, chromium etc. (in total 28 elements) in human serum were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A risk assessment model for thyroid disease was established after analyzing trace elements content, thyroid function and ultrasonography results by gender and age with the characteristics of the Chinese population. ResultsThe results showed there were significant differences in eight trace elements (I, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sb) between the thyroid disease group and the healthy control group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in ten trace elements (I, Ca, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sb) between the female thyroid disease group and the control group (P< 0.05). And there were significant differences in the eight trace elements (I, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sb) between the male thyroid disease group and the control group (P< 0.05). There were significant correlations between the contents of FT3, FT4, T3 and T4 corresponding to iodine (P< 0.05) in thyroid disease group. Also, correlations between Fe-Zn, Cr-Mn, Ca-Zn, Ca-Se, Ca-Fe and Zn-Se (P<0.05) were found in thyroid disease group too. ConclusionsThe high concentration of iodine and manganese are risk factors of thyroid disease. In addition to the low concentration of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, and antimony, calcium in the serum of female patients with thyroid disease and iron in the serum of male patients with thyroid disease play a very important role. Random forest model based on element risk assessment of thyroid disease is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease.