bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin with urinary albuminuria for early detection and progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes millitus
Authors: Malladad Ravikumar , Basavaraj Rashmi G S 
Published: November 2021

diabetic nephropathy is a one of the most leading disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Urinary albuminuria used for detection of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus but its not an a sensitive and specific biomarker for DN. Recent studies found some of the sensitive and specific biomarker for early detection and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.A total 150 subjects included in the present study in that 100 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy controls. All the subjects included after informed consent and blood, urine samples were collected from the all the subjects. FBS, PPBS, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, HbA1C and Urinary Albumin was analysed by using laboratory standard methods.statistically elevated levels of plasma FBS, PPBS, HbA1C in both the groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared to healthy controls. Serum Urea, Creatinine and Uric Acid levels elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus with microalbuminuria when compared to other two groups of study subjects. The Glycosylated hemoglobin positively correlated with urinary microalbuminuria in patients with two groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus.This study suggest that the poor glycemic control leads to increased further complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Continuous monitoring of HbA1C and Urinary Albumin Levels were useful for progression and treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Histopathological study of cervical lesions in a tertiary health care centre in south India
Authors: Sathiyamurthy K , Waheeda S , Sangeetha N 
Published: November 2021

Cervix is vulnerable to many pathological changes ranging from inflammation to malignancy. Uterine cervix is gateway to several non-neoplastic and neoplastic gynaecological lesions.. Histopathological studies of cervix along with clinical correlation helps in early diagnosis of lesions as they have advantages of being relatively cheap and technically easy.To study the histopathological features of cervical lesions. A retrospective study was done in the department of Pathology at Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem for duration of 05 years i.e., from April 2016 to March 2021in 550 cervical samples.Non neoplastic (92.1%) lesions of cervix were more commonly reported in our study and neoplastic lesions were about 7.8%. Histopathology study of cervical biopsy lesions is a valuable diagnostic procedure. Early detection of cervical lesions may provide an opportunity for appropriate interventions to prevent further complications such as progression from benign to malignant conditions. Adequate screening procedure with follow up cervical biopsies helps in early diagnosis and management of premalignant and malignant lesions.
Update: Primary immunodeficiency disorders among north Indian children
Authors: Kumar Deepak Rakesh , Kumar Prabin , Saurabh Abhinav , Bagri Narendra , Verma Sonia 
Published: November 2021

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are a group of genetic abnormalities characterized by defectin one or more constituents of the immune system.This group of disorders are largely undiagnosed and unreported worldwide due to lack of awareness among the medical practitioners,parents as well as lack of state of art diagnostic facilities. Earlier we had reported the distribution pattern of various categories of PID in children of north India; in this report we are appending the data with current findings.In this retrospective study we pooled data from PIDs workup of 706 children with suspected PIDs, below the age of 18Yrs, in the period of May 2017 October 2019. The clinical assessment and presentation of these children was suggestive of PID. The peripheral blood of these children was used for flow cytometry based immunophenotyping of immune cells. PIDs were classified according to the International Union of Immunological Societies’ (IUIS) criteria.A total of 133 (18.38%) children were diagnosed with one or other form of PID with overall median age was 3.25 years (male: 2.3 and female: 4.2Yrs). Chronic infection, persistent diarrhea and retarded growth were the common warning signsin these patients. Combined humoral and cellular immunodeficiency was observed in 32%, phagocytic defect in 23%, antibody defect in 17%, dysregulated innate immunity in 19% and other well defined syndromes in 9% of total diagnosed PID children. Around 15.78% of PID cases were seen in coupleswithconsanguineous marriage, past family history of PID in 20.30% and families with sibling death of unknown cause in 24.06%. The cause of death of the sibling was not known. PID diagnosed children received prophylactic antibiotics and/or antifungals in addition tospecific therapy for the underlying immune deficiency.The field of PID remainsunexplored worldwide. The awareness in the developed countries is more than that of developing countries like India. The developing countries face several challenges in the diagnosis of PIDs such as awareness among patients and medical practitioners, mostly in the rural settings, lack of sufficient number of tertiary care centres, lack of equipped immunological laboratory to diagnose the disease.
Spindle cell oncocytoma, a misdiagnosed rare entity of the pituitary – A case report with review of literature and special emphasis on the morphological differentials
Authors: Kottangal Gittwa Vatsaraj , Madhavan Lilly , Kuruvilla Shalini , Parameswaran Kavitha Kanjirakadu , Kollathodi Shehla Basheer 
Published: November 2021

Spindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) of the pituitary is a rare tumor of the adenohypophysis occurring in the sellar/suprasellar region. This tumor has been recognized as a distinct entity by the WHO Classification of CNS tumor in 2007. Spindle cell oncocytoma of the pituitary gland accounts for 0.1–0.4% of all sellar region tumors and is predominantly seen in the older adult population. This rare entity simulates clinical and radiological features of pituitary adenoma and is often misdiagnosed. Though WHO grade 1, the tumor can recur and have invasive properties. Herein, we report a 61-year-old woman with panhypopituitarism and temporal field cut, clinically and radiologically diagnosed as pituitary macroadenoma, while the histomorphological and immunohistochemistry features helped in arriving at a diagnosis of Spindle Cell Oncocytoma. The clinicopathological, histomorphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular properties of the tumor are further discussed.
The Effect of Remittance, Consumption, and FDI on Economic Growth in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Mariska Mega , Hamzah Lies Maria , Ratih Arivina 
Published: November 2021

One of the main indicators seen in reviewing the relationship between international workers and economic growth is remittances. Remittances obtained from workers abroad are one of the major sources of finance for developing countries. Remittances are also a source of finance in increasing migrant household incomes which encourage improved consumption which will affect economic growth. This study was conducted to explore the impact of migrant remittances, consumption and FDI on economic growth in 10 ASEAN countries using annual panel data from 2015-2019. This study uses panel data regression analysis with the Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The results showed that remittances, consumption and FDI positively and significantly contributed to economic growth in 10 ASEAN countries. Significant contribution of migrant remittances in economic growth if their use is directed to more productive sectors such as use in the investment sector can help the economies of ASEAN countries to maintain and increase economic growth. The government needs to improve the quality of migrant workers through education because a high level of education will affect the level of wages received by migrants and will have an impact on increasing remittances. The limitation in this study is the use of limited data, for 2020 it is not included in the data set used in the analysis. For this reason, further research should use 2020 data because in 2020 there be a new phenomenon, namely COVID-19 which can be traced to the impact of this phenomenon on remittances. Keywords: Remittances, Migrant, Economic Growth, Panel Data
The Impact of Carbonated Water on Wettability: Combined Experimental and Molecular Simulation Approach
Authors: Alqam Mohammad H. , Abu-Khamsin Sidqi A. , Alafnan Saad F. , Sultan Abdullah S. , Al-Majed Abdulaziz , Okasha Taha 
Published: November 2021

SummaryCarbonated water injection has gained wide interest as an enhanced oil recovery technique. The efficiency of oil displacement during an ordinary waterflood is dictated and governed mainly by the viscous and capillary forces between oil and water. These forces are controlled by the interfacial tension (IFT) between the fluids and the contact angle (CA) with the rock surface. In this study, the pendant drop technique and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were combined to investigate the effect of adding carbon dioxide on the water/oil/rock interfaces. CA measurement is rather a macroscopic assessment of the wettability while molecular simulation can provide further microscopic insights. The multiscale approach involves direct wettability assessment of asphaltene-containing oil against pure water or carbonated water, both exposed to two types of carbonate rock samples. Molecular characterization of asphaltenes was carried out by analytical means and different asphaltene structures were recreated on a computational platform for asphaltene-water and asphaltene-carbonated water molecular simulations. The experimental data revealed that the carbonated water caused the CA to change from weakly oil-wet to intermediate to water-wet wettability. Molecular simulation was invoked to shed more light into the underlying mechanisms behind the observed wettability alteration. In particular, molecular simulation of IFT and asphaltene swelling effect driven by the interactions with carbon dioxide were analyzed. The results were found consistent with the experiments. The findings presented in this paper highlight the viability of carbonated water for enhanced oil recovery and provide in-depth insights into the underlying mechanisms.
Tandem electrocatalytic N2 fixation via concerted proton-electron transfer
Authors: Peters Jonas , Garrido-Barros Pablo , Derosa Joseph , Chalkley Matthew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
New electrochemical ammonia (NH3) synthesis technologies are of interest as a complementary route to the Haber-Bosch (HB) process for distributed fertilizer generation, and towards exploiting ammonia as a zero-carbon fuel produced via renewably-sourced electricity.1–4 Apropos of these goals is a surge of fundamental research targeting heterogeneous materials5–7 as electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (N2RR). These systems generally suffer from poor stability and NH3 selectivity; competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) outcompetes N2RR.8 Molecular catalyst systems can be exquisitely tuned and offer an alternative strategy,9 but progress has thus far been thwarted by the same selectivity issue; HER dominates. Herein we describe a tandem catalysis strategy that offers a solution to this puzzle. A molecular complex that can mediate an N2 reduction cycle is partnered with a co-catalyst that interfaces the electrode and an acid to mediate concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) steps, facilitating N−H bond formation at a favorable applied potential and overall thermodynamic efficiency. Without CPET, certain intermediates of the N2RR cycle would be unreactive via independent electron transfer (ET) or proton transfer (PT) steps, thereby shunting the system. Promisingly, complexes featuring several metals (W, Mo, Os, Fe) achieve N2RR electrocatalysis at the same applied potential in the presence of the CPET mediator, pointing to the generality of this tandem approach.
The major brain networks of human visual consciousness
Authors: Blumenfeld Hal , Kronemer Sharif , Aksen Mark , Ding Julia , Ryu Jun , Xin Qilong , Ding Zhaoxiong , Prince Jacob , Kwon Hunki , Khalaf Aya , Forman Sarit , Jin David , Wang Kevin , Chen Kaylie , Hu Claire , Agarwal Akshar , Saberski Erik , Wafa Syed , Morgan Owen , Wu Jia , Christison-Lagay Kate , Hasulak Nicholas , Morrell Martha , Urban Alexandra , Constable R. , Pitts Michael , Richardson R. , Crowley Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Understanding consciousness is one of the most important and challenging questions in modern science. Existing theories have pursued single unifying mechanisms but do not succeed in explaining consciousness. Importantly, the neural circuits that distinguish messages that arrive from the outside world and attain consciousness have remained unknown. Here we identify signals throughout the entire brain at high spatiotemporal resolution specifically related to consciousness. To accomplish this, we combined a large sample size of electrical and neuroimaging data with a novel experimental approach to remove confounding signal unrelated to consciousness1-3. We discovered three major brain networks driving conscious visual perception. First, we found increases in signal detection regions in visual, fusiform cortex, and frontal eye fields; and in arousal/salience networks involving midbrain, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate, and anterior insula. Second, we found increases in frontoparietal attention and executive control networks and in the cerebellum. Finally, we found decreases in the default mode network. Our results identify subcortical and cortical networks designed for signal detection, attentional amplification, and perceptual processing that together can explain visual consciousness. These findings provide evidence that understanding consciousness can be reframed as requiring multiple overlapping brain networks to produce consciousness of visual events4.
Exosomes Derived from Platelet-Rich Plasma Administration in Site Mediate Cartilage Protection in Subtalar Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaowei , Chen Jian , Qian Dingfei , Gao Peng , Qin Tao , Jiang Tao , Yi Jiang , Xu Tao , Huang Yifan , Wang Qian , Zhou Zheng , Bao Tianyi , Zhao Xuan , Liu Hao , Zheng Ziyang , Fan Jin , Zhao Shujie , Li Qingqing , Yin Guoyong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Subtalar osteoarthritis (STOA) is often secondary to chronic ankle sprains, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Due to its etiology and pathogenesis was not studied equivocally yet, there is currently a lack of effective conservative treatments. Although they have been used for tissue repair, platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes (PRP-Exo) have the disadvantage of low retention and short-lived therapeutic effects. This study aimed to determine whether incorporation of PRP-Exo in thermosensitive hydrogel (Gel) increased their retention in the joint and thereby playing a therapeutic role on STOA due to chronic mechanical instability established by transecting lateral ligaments (anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) / calcaneal fibular ligament (CFL)). PRP-Exo incorporated Gel (Exo-Gel) system, composed of Poloxamer-407 and 188 mixture-based thermoresponsive hydrogel matrix in an optimal ratio, was determined by its release ability of Exo and rheology of Gel response to different temperature. The biological activity of Exo-Gel was evaluated in vitro, and the therapeutic effect of Exo-Gel on STOA was evaluated in vivo. Exo released from Exo-Gel continuously for 28 days could promote the proliferation and migration of mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) and chondrocytes, at the same time enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of mBMSCs, and inhibit inflammation-induced chondrocyte degeneration. In vivo experiments confirmed that Exo-Gel increased the local retention of Exo, inhibited the apoptosis and hypertrophy of chondrocytes, enhanced their proliferation, and potentially played the role in stem cell recruitment to delay the development of STOA. Thus, Delivery of PRP-Exo incorporated in thermosensitive Gel provides a novel approach of cell-free therapy and has therapeutic effect on STOA.
PTH2R Is Related to Cell Proliferation and Migration in Ovarian Cancer: A Multi-omics Analysis of Bioinformatics and Experiments
Authors: Xiaowei Wang , Tong Lu , Yanjun Qu , Fan Lili 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological disease and seriously endangers women's health. Currently, there is still a lack of effective molecular markers for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular markers associated with ovarian cancer.
Methods
The molecular and gene related to ovarian cancer were extracted from GEO database and TCGA database by bioinformatics, and the related genes and functions were further analyzed. The results were verified by qPCR, WB, CCK-8 and Transwell experiments.
Results
Data analysis showed that PTH2R gene was highly expressed in tumors, and 51 HUB genes were obtained. Finally, experimental verification showed that PTH2R gene was highly expressed in ovarian cancer, and PTH2R gene was involved in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells.
Conclusions
After experimental verification, we found that knocking down the expression of PTH2R can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of tumor cells.PTH2R is expected to become a new molecular marker for ovarian cancer.
Is the Genetic Integrity of Wild Coffea Canephora From Ivory Coast Threatened by Hybridization With Introduced Coffee Trees From Central Africa?
Authors: Estelle GNAPI Diane , POKOU Desire , Hyacinthe LEGNATE , Zhang DAPENG , MONTAGNON Christophe , BERTRAND Benoît , N’GUETTA Simon-Pierre Assanvo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Canephora coffee is an important source of income and employment, contributing significantly to the economies of many developing countries. This species is split into two genetic groups: Guinean and Congolese. Côte-d’Ivoire is the primary diversification center of the Guinean pool, which offers great potential for genetic improvement. However, genetic erosion of this group is currently a threat in this country because of the massive introduction of Congolese accessions in the previous decades. In this work, we analyzed the progenies of isolated population of C. canephora composed of a mix of Guinean and Congolese using SNP markers. The analysis is focus on the male parents’ contribution on open pollination progenies. The result shows that the introduction of cultivars from the Congolese gene pool threat the genetic integrity of wild populations of the Guinean gene pool. We recommend that a conservation program be put in place to ensure the entegrity of wild population of C. canephora through in situ or ex situ conservation.
Origin of the p-type characteristics of organic semiconductors
Authors: Hu Wenping , Li Liqiang , Huang Yinan , Chen Xiaosong , Wu Kunjie , Sun Yajing , Wang Zhongwu , Hu Yongxu , Yuan Liqian , Wang Shuguang , Li Jie , Ji Deyang , Zhang Xiaotao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Organic semiconductors (OSC) are generally considered intrinsic (undoped), an assumption which underpins our understanding of the charge transport in this promising class of materials. However, this premise conflicts with a variety of experimental observations, that suggest the presence of excess holes carriers in OSCs at room temperature. Here, using a low-power plasma de-doping method, we report that trace amounts (~1015 cm-3) of oxygen-induced organic radical cations (OIORCs) are inherent in the lattice of OSCs as innate hole carriers, and that this is the origin of the p-type characteristics exhibited by the majority of these materials. This finding clarifies previously unexplained organic electronics phenomena and provides a foundation upon which to re-understand charge transport in OSCs. Furthermore, the de-doping method can eliminate the trace OIORCs, resulting in the complete disappearance of p-type behavior, while re-doping (under light irradiation in O2), reverses the process. These methods can precisely modulate key electronic characteristics (e.g., conductivity, polarity, and threshold voltage) in a nondestructive way, expanding the explorable charge transport property space for all known OSC materials. Accordingly, we conclude that our tailorable OIORC doping strategy, requiring only off-the-shelf equipment and a glovebox, will become a core technology in the burgeoning organic electronics industry.
More alike than different: Novel methods for measuring and modeling executive function development
Authors: Younger Jessica Wise , O'Laughlin Kristine D. , Anguera Joaquin A. , Bunge Silvia A. , Ferrer Emilio E. , Hoeft Fumiko , McCandliss Bruce D. , Mishra Jyoti , Rosenberg-Lee Miriam , Gazzaley Adam , Uncapher Melina R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Executive functions (EFs) are linked to positive outcomes across the lifespan. Yet, methodological challenges have prevented rigorous understanding of the precise ways EFs are organized in childhood and how they develop over time. We introduce novel methods to address these challenges for both measuring and modeling EFs using a large, accelerated longitudinal dataset from a diverse sample of students in middle childhood (approximately ages 8 to 14; N = 1,286). Adaptive assessments allowed us to equate EF challenge across ages and a data-driven, network analytic approach revealed the evolving diversity of EFs while accounting for their unity. Our results suggest EF organization stabilizes around age 10, but continues refining through at least age 14. This approach brings new precision to EFs’ development by removing interpretative ambiguities associated with previous methodologies. By improving EF measurement, the field can move towards improving EF training, to provide a strong foundation for students’ success.
Subjective Health Status: An Easily Available, Independent, Robust And Significant Predictive Factor At The Prometaphase of Vaccination Programs For The Vaccination Behavior of Chinese Adults
Authors: Wang Zuxing , Chen Lili , Xiao Jun , Jiang Fugui , Min Wenjiao , Liu Shuyun , Wang Yunqiong , Qi Mengsha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed COVID-19 vaccination as an emergent and important method to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Since China started vaccination programs in December 2020, vaccination has spread to provinces and municipalities nationwide. Previous research has focused on people's vaccination willingness and its influencing factors but has not examined vaccination behavior. We examine the effectiveness of psychosocial factors in predicting vaccination behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was performed among Chinese adults on 8 May and 4 June 2021. The statistical analysis of the data included univariate analysis, receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis and ordinal multiclassification logistic regression model analysis. Results: Of the 1300 respondents, 761 (58.5%) were vaccinated. Univariate analysis showed that a high education level and good subjective health status were protective factors for vaccination behavior, while suffering from chronic diseases was a risk factor. ROC analysis showed that subjective health status (AUC = 0.625, 95% CI: 0.594–0.656, P < 0.001) was the best predictor of vaccination behavior. Logistic regression analysis with subjective health status as a dependent variable indicated that older age, female sex, depression, neurasthenia, obsession, hypochondriasis and chronic disease were significant risk factors, while positive coping tendencies were a significant protective factor. Conclusion: Our study found a simple and effective marker, subjective health status, that can predict vaccination behavior. This finding can guide future epidemic prevention work.