bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Policy Preferences and Capacities in the EU: Multi‐level policy implementation in the subnational authorities
Authors: Paasch Jana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch on multi‐level implementation of EU legislation has almost exclusively focused on the national level, while little is known about the role of subnational authorities. Nevertheless, it is a prerequisite for the functioning of the European Union that all member states and their subnational authorities apply and enforce EU legislation in due time. I address this research gap and take a closer look at the legal transposition process in the German regional states. Using a novel data set comprising detailed information on about 700 subnational measures, I show that state‐level variables, such as political preferences and ministerial resources, account for variation in the timing of legal transposition and repeatedly lead to subnational delay. To conclude, the paper addresses the role of subnational authorities in the EU multi‐level system and points to their interest in shaping legal transposition in order to counterbalance their loss of competences to the national level.
Europeanization and De‐Europeanization of Turkey's Gender Equality Policy: The Case of the Istanbul Convention
Authors: Bodur Ün Marella , Arıkan Harun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite taking significant steps to comply with the Copenhagen criteria after receiving the candidate‐country status in 1999, Turkey gradually moved away from European norms, values, and policy demands in various policy areas. This study explores (de)‐Europeanization of Turkey's gender equality policy in terms of both legislative changes and the shifts observed in domestic actors' discourses over the past decade, focusing particularly on the debates surrounding the Istanbul Convention. It argues that the fading credibility of the EU conditionality coupled with domestic political dynamics led to the weakening of the EU as a reference point in domestic debates, where policies ensuring gender equality were reversed by pro‐family conservative discourses and policies. The study points to domestic factors, including the country's authoritarian turn, and international factors such as the stalling EU‐Turkey relations coupled with the backlash against gender equality in EU member states as the key dimensions of de‐Europeanization of gender equality policy.
Sensory innervation of the human palmar aponeurosis in healthy individuals and patients with palmar fibromatosis
Authors: García‐Martínez Irene , García‐Mesa Yolanda , García‐Piqueras Jorge , Martínez‐Pubil Antonio , Cobo Juan L. , Feito Jorge , García‐Suárez Olivia , Vega José A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe human palmar aponeurosis is involved in hand proprioception, and it contains different sensory corpuscle morphotypes that serve this role. In palmar fibromatosis (classically referred to as Dupuytren's disease), the palmar aponeurosis undergoes fibrous structural changes that, presumably, also affect the nervous system, causing altered perception. We analysed the various sensory nerve formation morphotypes in the palmar aponeuroses of healthy subjects and patients with palmar fibromatosis. To do this, we used immunohistochemistry for corpuscular constituents and the putative mechanoproteins PIEZO2 and acid‐sensing ion channel 2. Free nerve endings and Golgi‐Mazzoni, Ruffini, paciniform and Pacinian corpuscles were identified in both the healthy and the pathological conditions. The densities of the free nerve endings and Golgi‐Mazzoni corpuscles were slightly increased in the pathological tissues. Furthermore, the Pacinian corpuscles were enlarged and displayed an altered shape. Finally, there was also morphological and immunohistochemical evidence of occasional denervation of the Pacinian corpuscles, although no increase in their number was observed. Both PIEZO2 and acid‐sensing ion channel 2 were absent from the altered corpuscles. These results indicate that the human palmar aponeurosis is richly innervated, and the free nerve endings and sensory corpuscles within the palmar aponeurosis undergo quantitative and qualitative changes in patients with palmar fibromatosis, which may explain the sensory alterations occasionally reported for this pathology.
Clinical efficacy of different therapeutic modes of CO2 fractional laser for treatment of static periocular wrinkles in Asian skin
Authors: Gao Lin , Song Wenting , Qian Linhan , Zhang Jine , Li Kai , Yang Juan , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriocular fine lines and wrinkles usually appear as a first visible sign of facial aging. Fractional ablative laser has been used to treat periorbital wrinkles.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy on treatment of static periorbital wrinkles using different emission modes of CO2 fractional laser.MethodsA total of 30 patients with static periorbital wrinkles were enrolled. The subjects were randomly assigned into two split‐face groups: One side was treated with a deep (n = 15) or mid‐mode of CO2 superficial laser (n = 15), and the other side of periocular region was treated by a fusion mode in combination of both modes (n = 30).ResultsThe patients in three groups showed significant improvements on indexes of periocular wrinkles, skin textures, and elasticity at three‐month follow‐up as compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Fusion mode resulted in a significantly progressive improvement on periocular wrinkles at three‐month follow‐up as compared with one‐month follow‐up (p < 0.05), which were not observed in other modes. Fusion mode delivered better improvements of periocular wrinkles and skin textures as compared to deep and mid‐modes at three‐month follow‐up (p < 0.05). Fusion mode also resulted in better scores of global esthetic improvement scale and patient satisfaction as compared to other modes at both follow‐ups.ConclusionThe fusion mode has a synergistic effect in periorbital static wrinkle treatment, which is worthy of further evaluation and investigation.
Investigation of plasma thiol/disulfide balance in male patients with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Akbaş Ayşe , Kılınç Fadime , Şener Sertaç , Biçer Cemile , Eren Funda , Hayran Yıldız , Aktaş Akın 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in men. In addition to genetic and hormonal factors, oxidative stress (OS) is suggested as a factor in the etiology.AimIn this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of OS due to thiol disulfide balance deterioration in male patients with AGA.Materials and MethodsA total of 45 male AGA patients and 42 healthy male controls were included in the study. Native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels were assessed through automated spectrophotometry. The relationship between total protein, albumin, native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels in addition to demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were examined.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 32.6 ± 10 years, and the median AGA duration in the patients was 3 years. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of native thiol, disulfide, total thiol levels, disulfide/total thiol, disulfide/native thiol, and native thiol/total thiol ratios between AGA patients and controls. Native thiol and total thiol levels negatively correlated with age and AGA duration, while disulfide levels only correlated with age.Albumin and native thiol levels were significantly lower in patients with low vitamin D levels (p = 0.040 and p = 0.021, respectively); however, total thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratio values were significantly higher.ConclusionAccording to this study, thiol disulfide homeostasis is in balance in male patients with AGA. In patients with emotional stress and vitamin D deficiency, the balance appears to be shifted in favor of oxidative stress.
Sleep quality is associated with emotion experience and adaptive regulation of positive emotion: An experience sampling study
Authors: Parsons Christine E. , Schofield Beatrice , Batziou Sofia E. , Ward Camilla , Young Katherine S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoor sleep patterns have been strongly linked to disrupted emotional experiences. Emotion regulation, defined as the capacity to manage one's own emotional responses, comprises strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease the intensity, duration, and trajectory of positive and negative emotions. Poor sleep has been identified as a risk factor for emotional dysregulation, but most of the focus has been on negative emotion regulation. We therefore asked whether natural variations in sleep are associated with the experience and regulation of both positive and negative emotion. Young adults, aged between 18–24 years (N = 101), completed 7 days of ecological momentary assessments using a smartphone application. Duration and quality of the previous night's sleep was reported each morning. Levels of positive and negative emotions, and strategies used to regulate emotions, were measured at pseudorandom timepoints four times a day. Multilevel modelling indicated that higher self‐reported sleep quality was significantly associated with increased intensity and duration of positive emotion, and decreased intensity of negative emotion. There were no statistically significant associations between sleep duration and emotion intensity or duration. Sleep quality, and not sleep duration, was also associated with the reported use of positive emotion regulation strategies. For negative emotion regulation strategy use, we found no associations with sleep quality or duration. Naturally occurring fluctuations in daily sleep quality may be important for the experience and regulation of positive emotion in young adults. These findings emphasise the need to examine both positive and negative emotion, and emotion regulation to understand the links between sleep and mood.
Interleukin‐6 and thrombopoietin concentrations in dogs with carcinoma with and without thrombocytosis
Authors: Cheney Adrienne , Woolcock Andrew D. , Mukhopadhyay Abhijit , Knapp Deborah , Moore George E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCarcinoma‐associated thrombocytosis involves tumor production of mediators such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and thrombopoietin (TPO) that increase thrombopoiesis and may play a role in tumor evasion and metastasis. Carcinoma‐associated thrombocytosis is described in people, but has not been described in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesEvaluate the concentrations of IL‐6 and TPO in dogs diagnosed with carcinoma with or without thrombocytosis. We hypothesized that IL‐6 and TPO concentrations would be higher in dogs with carcinoma compared to healthy dogs, and that IL‐6 and TPO concentrations would be higher in dogs with carcinoma and thrombocytosis when compared to dogs with carcinoma and normal platelet counts.AnimalsOne‐hundred sixteen dogs: 63 with carcinoma and 53 healthy control dogs.MethodsComplete blood count was performed in all dogs, and they were stratified for sub‐group analysis based on the presence or absence of thrombocytosis (platelet count > 500 103/µL). Serum TPO and IL‐6 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results of selected numeric variables were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests for pairwise comparisons. A value of P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsTwelve of the dogs with carcinoma (12/63, 19.0%) and none of the healthy control dogs (0%) had thrombocytosis. Thrombopoietin concentrations (median [range]) were significantly higher in dogs with carcinoma when compared to controls (87.42 pg/mL [0 to >600] vs 15.99 pg/mL [0 to >600], P < .001). Interleukin‐6 concentrations (median [range]) were not different between dogs with carcinoma and healthy control dogs (9.70 pg/mL [0‐181.53] vs 3.03 pg/mL [0‐280.77], P = .15). In dogs with carcinoma, the TPO and IL‐6 concentrations were not different between dogs with thrombocytosis and dogs with normal platelet count.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThrombopoietin concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with carcinoma, regardless of platelet count. Thrombopoietin is likely to be 1 of multiple factors that can impact platelet number, production, and consumption in dogs with carcinoma.
Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxemia on danofloxacin pharmacokinetics in broilers following single oral administration
Authors: Wang Han , Yang Fang , Song Zhe‐Wen , Shao Hao‐Tian , Zhang Mei , Ma Yan‐Bo , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, danofloxacin is mainly used to treat avian bacterial and mycoplasma infections. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of danofloxacin are usually explored in healthy animals, while those in endotoxemic broilers are still rare. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in endotoxemic broilers induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after single oral administration. Ten healthy 5‐week‐old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers with similar body weight (BW) were randomly and equally divided into LPS and control groups. The LPS group was intravenously injected with an LPS of E. coli O55: B5 at 2.5 mg/kg BW, and the control group was intravenously injected with the same volume of sterile saline. Danofloxacin was administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW immediately 1 h after the intravenous injection of LPS or sterile saline. Rectal temperature was measured at predetermined times points in all broilers, and plasma and serum samples were taken. The interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in serum samples were detected by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and danofloxacin concentrations in plasma were detected through the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and subjected to a compartmental analysis using Phoenix software. The LPS challenge led to biphasic adaptive changes in broiler body temperature and increased the levels of IL‐6. Compared with the control group, LPS treatment significantly prolonged the time to the peak concentration (LPS: 8.75 ± 3.88 h; Control: 3.20 ± 2.20 h). However, there were no significant differences in the other pharmacokinetic parameters between both groups.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of potential pleiotropic effects of sevelamer in chronic kidney disease: Beyond phosphate control
Authors: Basutkar Roopa Satyanarayan , Varghese Resia , Mathew Nina Kallanthanath , Sankar Indira Prithika , Viswanathan Balasubramaniam , Sivasankaran Ponnusankar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSevelamer, has been shown to have many pleiotropic actions on lipid panel, various inflammatory markers, and blood glucose levels in chronic kidney disease patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare these pleiotropic effects of sevelamer to other phosphate binders used in chronic kidney disease patients. The relevant randomized controlled trials published from 1 January 2001 to 31 November 2019 on the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials published in The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were identified. All the included studies were independently assessed for eligibility and risk of bias. The modified data extraction form of Cochrane was used. This review included 44 studies for qualitative analysis and 28 reports for quantitative analysis. A meta‐analysis of three studies (n = 180) showed that glycated haemoglobin had significantly decreased in sevelamer‐treated patients (MD: 0.5%; p = <.001). Compared with calcium‐based phosphate binders, sevelamer showed a significant reduction in low‐density lipoprotein (MD: −19.43 mg/dL; p = <.001) and total cholesterol (MD: −19.98 mg/dL; p < .001). A significant increase in high‐density lipoprotein (MD: 1.29 mg/dL; p = .05) was also prominent in sevelamer treated patients. However, we were not able to observe a significant change in other biochemical parameters such as TG, CRP, hs‐CRP, FGF‐23, IL‐6 and albumin as, no statistically significant difference was observed.
The relationship between practice environment, job satisfaction and intention to leave in critical care nurses
Authors: Alenazy Faisal S. , Dettrick Zoe , Keogh Samantha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have shown that the increasing nursing turnover in the health care industry has become a great source of concern. The overdependence on the supply of expatriate nurses (74%) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) travel restrictions have exacerbated this staffing issue.AimsTo examine the relationship between perception of nursing practice environment (NPE), job satisfaction and intention to leave (ITL) among critical care nurses working in the state of Ha'il in KSA.DesignCross‐sectional correlational (observational) design.MethodsData were collected via electronic online survey distributed to registered critical care nurses working in King Khalid Hospital (KKH), Ha'il, KSA, between July and August 2020. Participant demographics and key variables data related to NPE, job satisfaction and ITL respectively were collected from the participants using existing and validated questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis and multivariable analyses were conducted.ResultsA response rate of 98% was achieved (152/160) for the study. Findings showed that the NPE was largely favourable (M = 2.89, SD = 0.44); however, nurse participation in hospital affairs (M = 2.83, SD = 0.47) and staffing and resource adequacy (M = 2.88, SD = 0.47) scored lowest. NPE was found to be significantly correlated with job satisfaction (rs = .287, P < .01). A significant negative relationship was found between NPE and ITL (rs = −0.277**, P < .01). However, job satisfaction was associated with ITL (rs = −.007, P = .930).ConclusionsMaintaining a healthy work environment and job satisfaction levels in critical care units is key to improving, recruitment and retention of nursing staff.Relevance to clinical practiceCritical care and hospital leaders should implement programs that enhance the quality of the practice environment. This will improve nurse participation in unit and hospital affairs, job satisfaction and intention to stay.
Dynamic roles and intricate mechanisms of ethylene in epidermal hair development in Arabidopsis and cotton
Authors: Yu Daoqian , Li Xiaona , Li Yonghui , Ali Faiza , Li Fuguang , Wang Zhi 
Published: December 2021

SummaryEthylene affects many aspects of plant growth and development, including root hairs and trichomes growth in Arabidopsis, as well as fiber development in cotton, though the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this article, we update the research progress associated with the main genes in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway, and we propose a clear ethylene pathway based on genome‐wide identification of homologues in cotton. Expression pattern analysis using transcriptome data revealed that some candidate genes may contribute to cotton fiber development through the ethylene pathway. Moreover, we systematically summarized the effects of ethylene on the development of epidermal hair and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in Arabidopsis. Based on the knowledge of ethylene‐promoted cell differentiation, elongation, and development in different tissues or plants, we advised a possible regulatory network for cotton fiber development with ethylene as the hub. Importantly, we emphasized the roles of ethylene as an important node in regulating cotton vegetative growth, and stress resistance, and suggested utilizing multiple methods to subtly modify ethylene synthesis or signaling in a tissue or spatiotemporal‐specific manner to clarify its exact effect on architecture, adaptability of the plant, and fiber development, paving the way for basic research and genetic improvement of the cotton crop.
A case of hominin scavenging 1.84 million years ago from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)
Authors: Domínguez‐Rodrigo Manuel , Courtenay Lloyd A. , Cobo‐Sánchez Lucía , Baquedano Enrique , Mabulla Audax 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMeat eating is one of the hallmarks of human evolution. It has been linked to the beginning of stone tool use, to physiological changes leading to crucial anatomical transformations defining our genus, and to new socioreproductive and cognitive behaviors. Uncontroversial evidence of meat eating goes back to 2.6 million years ago; however, little is known about the frequency and timing with which early hominins acquired animal resources. Here, we show that the combination of hunting and scavenging documented in some modern human foragers may have a long evolutionary trajectory. Using a new set of artificial intelligence methods for objective identification, we present direct evidence of an episode of hominins scavenging from large felids—probably lions—discovered at Olduvai Gorge (DS site, Bed I). This casts a new perspective on the diversity of hominin carcass acquisition behaviors and survival strategies, and places some early Pleistocene hominins in ecological proximity to African large carnivore guilds.
How does the food environment influence people engaged in weight management? A systematic review and thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature
Authors: Neve Kimberley L. , Isaacs Anna 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPeople engaged in weight loss or weight loss maintenance (weight management) often regain weight long term. Unsupportive food environments are one of the myriad challenges people face when working towards a healthier weight. This systematic review explores how the food environment influences people engaged in weight management and the policy implications. Nine electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Embase, Ovid Emcare, PubMed, Open Grey, and BASE) were searched systematically in May 2020 to synthesize the qualitative evidence. Eligible studies were conducted with adults (18+) in high‐income countries, available in English and published 2010–2020 with a substantial qualitative element and reference to food environments. Data were analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach. Quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was undertaken. We identified 26 studies of 679 individuals reporting on weight management experiences with reference to the food environment. Limitations of the included studies included a lack of detail regarding socioeconomic status and ethnicity in many studies. The analysis revealed that food environments undermine efforts at weight management, consistently making purchasing and consumption of healthier food more difficult, particularly for those on a low income. For weight management to be more successful, concurrent actions to reshape food environments are necessary.