bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Privacy concerns with using public data for suicide risk prediction algorithms: a public opinion survey of contextual appropriateness
Authors: Zimmer Michael , Logan Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Existing algorithms for predicting suicide risk rely solely on data from electronic health records, but such models could be improved through the incorporation of publicly available socioeconomic data – such as financial, legal, life event and sociodemographic data. The purpose of this study is to understand the complex ethical and privacy implications of incorporating sociodemographic data within the health context. This paper presents results from a survey exploring what the general public’s knowledge and concerns are about such publicly available data and the appropriateness of using it in suicide risk prediction algorithms.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was developed to measure public opinion about privacy concerns with using socioeconomic data across different contexts. This paper presented respondents with multiple vignettes that described scenarios situated in medical, private business and social media contexts, and asked participants to rate their level of concern over the context and what factor contributed most to their level of concern. Specific to suicide prediction, this paper presented respondents with various data attributes that could potentially be used in the context of a suicide risk algorithm and asked participants to rate how concerned they would be if each attribute was used for this purpose.

Findings
The authors found considerable concern across the various contexts represented in their vignettes, with greatest concern in vignettes that focused on the use of personal information within the medical context. Specific to the question of incorporating socioeconomic data within suicide risk prediction models, the results of this study show a clear concern from all participants in data attributes related to income, crime and court records, and assets. Data about one’s household were also particularly concerns for the respondents, suggesting that even if one might be comfortable with their own being used for risk modeling, data about other household members is more problematic.

Originality/value
Previous studies on the privacy concerns that arise when integrating data pertaining to various contexts of people’s lives into algorithmic and related computational models have approached these questions from individual contexts. This study differs in that it captured the variation in privacy concerns across multiple contexts. Also, this study specifically assessed the ethical concerns related to a suicide prediction model and determining people’s awareness of the publicness of select data attributes, as well as which of these data attributes generated the most concern in such a context. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to pursue this question.
Stronger effect of litter quality than micro‐organisms on leaf and root litter C and N loss at different decomposition stages following a subtropical land use change
Authors: Liao Chang , Long Chunyan , Zhang Qian , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Litter decomposition contributes largely to global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, and it is strongly determined by litter quality and microbial community composition in ways that are poorly understood.

Here, we conducted a 2‐year field litter decomposition experiment by collecting leaf and root litter of crops (from cropland), shrubs (from shrubland) and wood (from woodland) and placing samples for decomposition in woodland soil in central China to investigate the effects of litter quality and microbial community composition on C and N losses of leaf and root litter of three species under different decomposition stages.

Our results showed that the leaf litter C and N losses of shrubs were significantly higher than those of crops and wood, whereas the root litter C and N losses of crops were significantly higher than those of shrubs and wood. Generally, the leaf litter C and N losses of the three species were higher on average than those of fine root litter during the whole decomposition period. For the C loss of the three species, litter lignin and phosphorus as well as initial litter quality were predominant drivers of root litter decomposition, while litter lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations were dominant for leaf litter decomposition.

For N loss, litter stoichiometry and litter quality directly governed leaf and root litter N loss, and the initial litter quality largely regulated N loss at the late decomposition stage. Unexpectedly, the effect of microbial community composition on litter C and N losses was relatively weak and only exhibited an effect on litter C and N losses during the early stage of decomposition.

Thus, our results revealed the huge disparity in C and N loss of plant species and litter types at different decomposition stages, which should be considered jointly when evaluating their roles in plant–soil feedbacks under global land use change.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Climate change legacies contrastingly affect the resistance and resilience of soil microbial communities and multifunctionality to extreme drought
Authors: Dacal Marina , García‐Palacios Pablo , Asensio Sergio , Wang Juntao , Singh Brajesh K. , Maestre Fernando T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil microbial communities largely determine the ability of soils to provide multiple functions simultaneously (i.e. soil multifunctionality; multifunctionality hereafter). However, a major research challenge is understanding how soil microbial communities and associated multifunctionality resist and recover from extreme climate events such as droughts, and how the legacy of past climatic conditions may constrain such responses.Here, we used soils subjected to 7 years of reduced rainfall (~35% reduction), warming (3°C temperature increase) and their combination to assess climate change legacies on the resistance and resilience of both soil fungal and bacterial communities and multifunctionality to a subsequent extreme drought event (2 weeks at 3% water‐holding capacity). At the end of the extreme drought, and 1, 15 and 60 days after rewetting, we assessed bacterial and fungal community composition, richness and abundance, as well as a multifunctionality index based on eight functions related with soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) cycling.Climate change legacies influenced the resistance and resilience of bacterial and fungal abundance to extreme drought, but not those of community composition, richness and multifunctionality. The resistance of bacterial and fungal abundance showed opposite responses to warming and reduced rainfall. Specifically, climate change legacies increased the resistance of fungal abundance, whereas they reduced that of bacterial abundance. The resistance and resilience of multifunctionality to extreme drought were not related to the resistance or resilience of bacterial and fungal communities. Yet, the resistance of multifunctionality was related to that ofChytridiomycota, whereas its resilience was related to that ofProteobacteria.Overall, our results indicate that climate change legacies affected the resistance and resilience of soil bacterial and fungal abundance to a subsequent extreme drought event, but not those of their community composition, richness and multifunctionality. Our results provide new insights on how climate change legacies contrastingly influence the resistance and resilience of soil microbial communities and multifunctionality. Furthermore, our findings highlight the role that specific microbial taxa play in maintaining soil multifunctionality and recovering from extreme drought events predicted under anthropogenic climate change.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Tropical forest dung beetle–mammal dung interaction networks remain similar across an environmental disturbance gradient
Authors: Chiew Li Yuen , Hackett Talya D. , Brodie Jedediah F. , Teoh Shu Woan , Burslem David F. R. P. , Reynolds Glen , Deere Nicolas J. , Vairappan Charles S. , Slade Eleanor M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Conservation outcomes could be greatly enhanced if strategies addressing anthropogenic land‐use change considered the impacts of these changes on entire communities as well as on individual species. Examining how species interactions change across gradients of habitat disturbance allows us to predict the cascading consequences of species extinctions and the response of ecological networks to environmental change.

We conducted the first detailed study of changes in a commensalist network of mammals and dung beetles across an environmental disturbance gradient, from primary tropical forest to plantations, which varied in above‐ground carbon density (ACD) and mammal communities.

Mammal diversity changed only slightly across the gradient, remaining high even in oil palm plantations and fragmented forest. Dung beetle species richness, however, declined in response to lower ACD and was particularly low in plantations and the most disturbed forest sites. Three of the five network metrics (nestedness, network specialization and functionality) were significantly affected by changes in dung beetle species richness and ACD, but mammal diversity was not an important predictor of network structure. Overall, the interaction networks remained structurally and functionally similar across the gradient, only becoming simplified (i.e. with fewer dung beetle species and fewer interactions) in the most disturbed sites.

We suggest that the high diversity of mammals, even in disturbed forests, combined with the generalist feeding patterns of dung beetles, confer resilience to the commensalist dung beetle–mammal networks.

This study highlights the importance of protecting logged and fragmented forests to maintain interaction networks and potentially prevent extinction cascades in human‐modified systems.
The sources of sex differences in aging in annual fishes
Authors: Reichard Martin , Blažek Radim , Žák Jakub , Cellerino Alessandro , Polačik Matej 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Intersexual differences in life span (age at death) and aging (increase in mortality risk associated with functional deterioration) are widespread among animals, from nematodes to humans. Males often live shorter than females, but there is substantial unexplained variation among species and populations. Despite extensive research, it is poorly understood how life span differences between the sexes are modulated by an interplay among genetic, environmental and social factors.

The goal of our study was to test how sex differences in life span and ageing are modulated by social and environmental factors, and by intrinsic differences between males and females.

To disentangle the complex basis of sex differences in life span and aging, we combined comparative data from sex ratios in 367 natural populations of four species of African annual killifish with experimental results on sex differences in life span and aging from eight laboratory populations tested in treatments that varied social and environmental conditions.

In the wild, females consistently outlived males. In captivity, sex‐specific mortality depended on social conditions. In social‐housed experimental groups, male‐biased mortality persisted in two aggressive species, but ceased in two placid species. When social and physical contacts were prevented by housing all fish individually, male‐biased mortality ceased in all four species. This outcome held across benign and challenging environmental conditions. Fitting demographic survival models revealed that increased baseline mortality was primarily responsible for a shorter male life span in social‐housing conditions. The timing and rate of aging were not different between the sexes. No marker of functional aging we recorded in our study (lipofuscin accumulation, proliferative changes in kidney and liver) differed between males and females, despite their previously confirmed association with functional aging in Nothobranchius killifish.

We show that sex differences in life span and aging in killifish are driven by a combination of social and environmental conditions, rather than differential functional aging. They are primarily linked to sexual selection but precipitated through multiple processes (predation, social interference). This demonstrates how sex‐specific mortality varies among species even within an ecologically and evolutionary discrete lineage and explains how external factors mediate this difference.
Regime shifts in a shallow lake over 12 years: Consequences for taxonomic and functional diversities, and ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Moi Dieison A. , Romero Gustavo Q. , Jeppesen Erik , Kratina Pavel , Alves Diego C. , Antiqueira Pablo A. P. , Teixeira de Mello Franco , Figueiredo Bruno R. S. , Bonecker Claudia C. , Pires Aliny P. F. , Braghin Louizi S. M. , Mormul Roger P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Under increasing nutrient loading, shallow lakes may shift from a state of clear water dominated by submerged macrophytes to a turbid state dominated by phytoplankton or a shaded state dominated by floating macrophytes. How such regime shifts mediate the relationship between taxonomic and functional diversities (FD) and lake multifunctionality is poorly understood.

We employed a detailed database describing a shallow lake over a 12‐year period during which the lake has displayed all the three states (clear, turbid and shaded) to investigate how species richness, FD of fish and zooplankton, ecosystem multifunctionality and five individual ecosystem functions (nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, standing fish biomass, algae production and light availability) differ among states. We also evaluated how the relationship between biodiversity (species richness and FD) and multifunctionality is affected by regime shifts.

We showed that species richness and the FD of fish and zooplankton were highest during the clear state. The clear state also maintained the highest values of multifunctionality as well as standing fish biomass production, algae biomass and light availability, whereas the turbid and shaded states had higher nutrient concentrations. Functional diversity was the best predictor of multifunctionality. The relationship between FD and multifunctionality was strongly positive during the clear state, but such relationship became flatter after the shift to the turbid or shaded state.

Our findings illustrate that focusing on functional traits may provide a more mechanistic understanding of how regime shifts affect biodiversity and the consequences for ecosystem functioning. Regime shifts towards a turbid or shaded state negatively affect the taxonomic diversity and FD of fish and zooplankton, which in turn impairs the multifunctionality of shallow lakes.
Connecting the Dots: Do Financial Analysts Help Corporate Boards Improve Corporate Social Responsibility?
Authors: Hussain Nazim , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Khan Sana Akbar , Khan Zaheer , Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an examination of the joint impact of board structural elements at firm level and financial analysts as market‐level corporate governance (CG) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Our study contributes to the CG–CSR literature by adopting the bundling approach, a perspective that has recently attracted researchers’ attention as an answer to any heterogeneity and fragmentation in existing findings. It is based on an extensive sample consisting of 7,739 firm‐year observations of US firms for the 2006–2015 period. The findings suggest that financial analysts complement the corporate board with more independence, gender diversity and a specialized CSR committee to realize a certain level of CSR performance of a firm. The findings also indicate that analysts substitute for those internal governance factors that are associated with weaker boards – larger sizes and dual‐role CEOs. We also draw implications for research and practice from our findings.
‘It Was Necessary to Do Something With Those Women’: Colonial Governance and the ‘Disposal’ of Women and Girls in Early Nineteenth‐Century Sierra Leone
Authors: Ryan Maeve 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe colonial archive offers comparatively few glimpses of the individual lives of enslaved African women and girls brought to Sierra Leone in the nineteenth century and ‘liberated’ under the terms of the British Abolition Act of 1807. This article sets out to do four things: first, to consider what colonial sources reveal about how women and girls experienced and responded to becoming ‘liberated Africans’, and to the ‘disposal’ practices of the Liberated African Department – including schooling, indenture and arranged marriages. Second, it considers what factors might have shaped those experiences. Third, it seeks to make a contribution to the literature on marriage in early colonial Africa by considering whether, and to what extent, British colonial policy towards liberated African women in Sierra Leone meets a modern definition of government‐led coerced or forced marriage. Finally, it evaluates the usefulness and limits of official archives, missionary records, court records and the accounts of self‐styled British Sierra Leone experts for studying the experiences of women and girls, and indicates potential avenues for further research.
Listeriosis in pregnancy: An umbrella review of maternal exposure, treatment and neonatal complications
Authors: Khsim Ijlas El Founti , Mohanaraj‐Anton Ahalini , Horte Ivar Benjamin , Lamont Ronald Francis , Khan Khalid Saeed , Jørgensen Jan Stener , Amezcua‐Prieto Carmen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundListeria monocytogenes is a commonly found organism in processed and prepared food and the disease of listeriosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Compared with the general population, the risk of being diagnosed with listeriosis increases during pregnancy. Listeriosis can lead to miscarriage, spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth, stillbirth and congenital neonatal infections.ObjectivesWe conducted a universal review of listeriosis in pregnancy and in the newborn.Search strategyThe EMBASE, PubMed, Cinahl and Web of Science databases were searched for systematic reviews indexed before 1 December 2020.Selection criteriaAny systematic reviews evaluating the prevalence, treatment, diagnosis and effects of listeriosis during pregnancy and up to 4 weeks postnatally were included.Data collection and analysisEligibility assessment, data extraction and quality assessment by the Methodological Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR‐2) were performed in duplicate.Main resultsWe identified 397 citations of which nine systematic reviews comprising 330 studies and 487 patients’ reviews were included. Most systematic reviews (seven of nine) were of moderate to high quality. Prevention in pregnant women was based on adherence to strict dietary recommendations, such as reheating leftovers until steamed and avoiding unpasteurised dairy products. Listeriosis infections were likely to occur in the third trimester (66%) rather than in the first trimester (3%) of pregnancy. Symptoms are mostly fever and other flu‐like symptoms, such as fatigue. Diagnosis was primarily made by culture of the pathogen. Intravenous amoxicillin or ampicillin were first‐line treatment.ConclusionsListeriosis, a rare but serious infectious disease in pregnancy, can cause devastating consequences for the fetus and newborn. Appropriate preventative treatment should be initiated during early pregnancy to avoid complications.Tweetable abstractListeria is commonly found in processed and prepared food. Prevention is the best way to avoid listeriosis during pregnancy.
Cancer in pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Greiber Iben Katinka , Viuff Jakob Hansen , Mellemkjær Lene , Hjortshøj Cristel Sørensen , Lidegaard Øjvind , Storgaard Lone , Karlsen Mona Aarenstrup 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the obstetrical management of cancer in pregnancy and to determine adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.DesignA nationwide cohort study.Setting and populationWe included all pregnancies (n = 4 071 848) in Denmark from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 2018.MethodsExposure was defined as pregnancies exposed to maternal cancer (n = 1068). The control group comprised pregnancies without cancer. The groups were compared using logistic regression analysis and adjusted for potential confounders.Main outcome measuresThe outcomes were induced abortion, preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes.ResultsMore women with cancer in pregnancy, as compared with the control group, experienced induced abortion (24.8% vs. 20.0%); first‐trimester induced abortion adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7–4.5), second‐trimester induced abortion; aOR 8.8 (95% CI 6.3–12.3), planned preterm birth (11.8% vs. 1.3%); aOR 10.8 (95% CI 8.0–14.6) and planned preterm birth at <32 gestational weeks; aOR 16.3 (95% CI 8.3–31.7). Neonates born to mothers with cancer in pregnancy had a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome; aOR 3.5 (95% CI 2.8–4.4), low birthweight; aOR 3.8 (95% CI 3.1–4.8), admission to neonatal intensive care unit for >7 days; aOR 5.1 (95% CI 3.9–6.6), neonatal infection; aOR 1.8 (95% CI1.1–3.1) and neonatal mortality; aOR 4.7 (95% CI 2.7–8.2), but not of SGA; aOR 1.0 (95% CI 0.6–1.5) and malformations; 1.2 (95% CI 0.9–1.7).ConclusionCancer in pregnancy increases the risk of induced abortion and planned premature birth. Neonates born to mothers with cancer in pregnancy had an increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, presumably due to prematurity.Tweetable AbstractCancer in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of premature birth leading to adverse neonatal outcomes.
Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in normal and abnormal semen analysis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Popova Daria , Bhide Priya , D’Antonio Francesco , Basnet Purusotam , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNormal mature sperm have a considerably reduced number of mitochondria, which provide the energy required for progressive sperm motility. Literature suggests that disorders of sperm motility may be linked to abnormal sperm mitochondrial number and function.ObjectivesTo summarise the evidence from literature regarding the association of mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen quality with a particular emphasis on the sperm motility.Search strategyStandard methodology recommended by Cochrane.Selection criteriaAll published primary research reporting on the association between mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen quality.Data collection and analysisUsing standard methodology recommended by Cochrane we pooled results using a random effects model and the findings were reported as a standardised mean difference.Main resultsWe included ten studies. The primary outcome was sperm mitochondrial DNA copy numbers. A meta‐analysis including five studies showed significantly higher mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in abnormal semen analysis compared with normal semen analysis (standardised mean difference 1.08, 95% CI 0.74–1.43). Seven studies included in the meta‐analysis showed a significant negative correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and semen parameters. The quality of evidence was assessed as good to very good in 60% of studies.ConclusionsOur review demonstrates significantly higher mitochondrial DNA in human sperm cells of men with abnormal semen analysis in comparison to men with normal semen analysis.Tweetable abstractThere is significantly higher mitochondrial DNA in sperm cells of men with abnormal semen analysis in comparison to men with normal semen analysis.