bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Optimizing the Design of Carbon‐based Electrocatalyst via Machine Learning
Authors: Yu Zhuochen , Huang Weimin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this era of artificial intelligence, we urgently want to optimize the current material design methods to come up with a more efficient and more accurate closed‐loop system. The approach requires at least three parts including high‐throughput screening, automated synthesis platform, and machine learning algorithms. Fortunately, the techniques mentioned above have been substantial developed. We have introduced the common algorithms of machine learning. Then, several machine learning‐based design of carbon‐based electrocatalysts are discussed. We tried to illustrate the research norms involving machine learning. Besides, other paper structures and details have been also discussed.
Large‐scale field testing of geotechnical seismic isolation of structures using gravel‐rubber mixtures
Authors: Pitilakis Dimitris , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Vratsikidis Athanasios , Kapouniaris Anastasios , Massimino Maria Rossella , Abate Glenda , Corsico Sebastiano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present the results of a large‐scale experimental campaign performed on the prototype structure of EuroProteas in Thessaloniki, Greece, to assess the effectiveness of gravel‐rubber mixture (GRM) layers underneath shallow foundations as a means of geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI). We found that the GSI of structures is optimized by increasing the rubber content of the soil‐rubber mixture up to 30% per mixture weight. The effectiveness of the GSI systems has been investigated numerically and in small‐scale experiments. This article seeks to fill the gap in the lack of full‐scale experimental studies on this subject. Three soil pits were excavated and backfilled with GRM of different rubber content per weight to serve as foundation soil. A large number of instruments were installed on the structure, the foundation, the soil surface, and inside the GRM layers beneath the foundation to fully monitor the GSI‐structure systems’ response in three dimensions. The experimental investigation included ambient noise, free‐ and forced‐vibration tests. Our results showed that a GSI layer composed of a GRM with 30% rubber content effectively isolates the structure. Even 0.5 m thickness (ie, B/6 of the foundation width) of the GSI system successfully cuts off practically all emitted waves at a (horizontal or vertical) distance of B/6 from the foundation. A significant reduction in the GSI‐structure system's stiffness was apparent, leading to a rocking‐dominant response. The rise in the system's damping and the substantial energy dissipation inside the GRM layer highlight its effectiveness as a GSI system.
Bioactive metabolites of Blumea lacera attenuate anxiety and depression in rodents and computer‐aided model
Authors: Hossen Md. Amjad , Ali Reza A.S.M. , Amin Md. Badrul , Nasrin Mst. Samima , Khan Tawhidul Amin , Rajib Md. Habibur Rahman , Tareq Abu Montakim , Haque Md. Anwarul , Rahman Md. Atiar , Haque Md. Areeful 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBlumea lacera is an edible plant with imperative medicinal values. However, the anxiolytic and antidepressant roles of B. lacera have not been well‐explained. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the impending bioactive metabolites and roles of B. lacera methanol leaf extract (Me‐BLL) in attenuating anxiety and depression through several experimental and computer‐aided approaches. The chemical characterization of Me‐BLL was performed through standard phytochemical and GC‐MS analyses. To explore the neuropharmacological insights, Swiss albino mice were treated with Me‐BLL at doses of 200–400 mg/kg, p.o. The anxiolytic effects were observed employing elevated plus maze (EPM), light–dark box (LDB), and hole‐board (HBT) tests, while antidepressant effects were evaluated using forced swimming (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). Diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine HCl (20 mg/kg, p.o.) were used as the reference standard. The phytochemical analyses revealed several bioactive metabolites, including higher contents of total phenolics and flavonoids. The EPM and LDB tests demonstrated an increased time spent in open arms and light box, and the HBT showed an increased number of head dipping, indicating the anxiolytic effects of Me‐BLL. The TST and FST revealed a decrease in immobility time, meaning the persuasive antidepressant effects. The antioxidative effects of Me‐BLL have also been observed prominently. Correspondingly, the computer‐aided investigation confirmed several bioactive lead molecules. Specifically, thymol and cuminol revealed potential anxiolytic and antioxidant effects, while stigmast‐5‐en‐3.beta.‐ol and gamma‐sitosterol possessed promising antidepressant effects. Taken these results as a base, the plant has imperative potentials in managing anxiety and depression‐like disorders.
The Shaft Tunnel of the Biar aqueduct of Jerusalem: Architecture, hydrology, and dating
Authors: Yechezkel Azriel , Negev Yoav , Frumkin Amos , Leibner Uzi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Biar aqueduct is the most sophisticated of the aqueducts supplying water to Jerusalem during classical periods. It includes the Biar spring, an underground Shaft Tunnel ∼3 km long harvesting groundwater (cuniculus), a dam, a surface channel, and a tunnel traversing a ridge. We conducted a survey of the Biar underground Shaft Tunnel, mapping all of its accessible parts (∼1200 m), facilitating a new understanding of the cutting‐edge hydrogeologic and engineering skills used for this project. The last ∼536 m of the Biar Shaft Tunnel was constructed with a unique ashlar channel, divided into segments, designed to withstand different loads: (a) in a mechanically weak bedrock, a channel with arched gables and barrel vault specus was built within a hewn winding tunnel, (b) when dug as an open shallow trench, a channel roofed with complex gables of ashlars with drafted margins was built, and (c) to release hydraulic pressure, a channel roofed with alternations of barrel vaults and simple gables set perpendicular to the course of the tunnel was constructed. 14C dating of plaster samples suggests that the Biar aqueduct was built in the mid‐first century CE and renovated in the days of Aelia Capitolina in the second century CE.
Atypical sulcal pattern in boys with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Li Xinwei , Wang Wei , Wang Panyu , Hao Chenru , Li Zhangyong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are often accompanied by disrupted cortical folding. We applied a quantitative sulcal pattern analysis technique using graph structures to study the atypical cortical folding at the lobar level in ADHD brains in this study. A total of 183 ADHD patients and 167 typical developmental controls matched according to age and gender were enrolled. We first constructed sulcal graphs at the brain lobar level and then investigated their similarity to the typical sulcal patterns. The within‐group variability and interhemispheric similarity in sulcal patterns were also compared between the ADHD and TDC groups. The results showed that, compared with controls, the left frontal, right parietal, and temporal lobes displayed altered similarities to the typical sulcal patterns in patients with ADHD. Moreover, the sulcal patterns in ADHD seem to be more heterogeneous than those in controls. The results also identified the disruption of the typical asymmetric sulcal patterns in the frontal lobe between the ADHD and control groups. Taken together, our results revealed the atypical sulcal pattern in boys with ADHD and provide new insights into the neuroanatomical mechanisms of ADHD.
Environment‐friendly fuel Cymbopogon flexuosus: Analysis of fuel properties, performance, and emission parameters of a Direct Injection Compression Ignition research engine
Authors: Sathiyamoorthi Ramalingam , Sankaranarayanan Gomathinayagam , Venkatraman Mani , Munuswamy Dinesh Babu , Ravisankar Rajendran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe novelty of this study discusses on the influence of neat lemongrass oil (LGO) on fuel analysis, performance and emission analysis, naturally aspirated diesel engine. The critical parameters include iodine value, flash point, kinematic viscosity, saponification and cetane numbers, calorific value, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) studies were investigated. The oxygenated elements, such as naphthalene, caryophyllene, pentadecanoic acid, dihydropyridine, d‐limonene are observed using GC‐MS analysis. The higher hydrocarbon (HC) chain length indicates a rise in energy density and boiling point with a reduction of volatility. Using FT‐IR analysis, C–H stretching vibrations are found at a frequency of 1672 cm−1. The C≐C stretching vibrations at 1740 cm−1 reveals the availability of the alkenes/fingerprint phase. Experiments were conducted at four different volumetric blend ratios of LGO‐diesel blends at typical injection parameters under different loading conditions. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreased for all the test combinations of LGO than diesel. BTE is observed as 30.79% at diesel, 30.06% at LGO25, 28.71% at LGO50, 27.77% at LGO75%, and 27.23% at LGO100. The cylinder pressure and heat release rate increased proportionately with the LGO fuel mixture. Carbon monoxide, HC, and smoke emissions are reduced by LGO mixtures than diesel at the full load of the engine. It was noted that greater blends of LGO and diesel resulted in increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and engine tribological characteristics. The NOx is increased by 21.2% at LGO25, 24.3% at LGO50, 26.5% at LGO75 and 30.8% at LGO100 when compared with diesel. Without any chemical processing, Cymbopogon flexuosus oil can be blended directly with diesel fuel.
Lymph vessels visualization from optical coherence tomography data using depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient calculation
Authors: Moiseev Alexander A. , Sirotkina Marina A. , Potapov Arseny L. , Matveev Lev A. , Vagapova Nailya N. , Kuznetsova Irina A. , Gladkova Natalia D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultimodal optical coherent tomography grows popularity with researchers and clinicians over the past decade. One of the modalities is lymphangiography, which allows visualization of the lymphatic vessel networks within optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging volume. In the present study, it is shown that lymphatic vessel visualization obtained from the depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient distributions, corrected for the noise, shows improved contrast and detail in comparison with previously proposed approaches. We also argue that the two most popular approaches for lymphatic vessel visualization, namely simple intensity thresholding and vesselness calculation based on local Hessian matrix eigenvalues, imply different definitions of the lymphatic vessel's appearance in the OCT volume and lead to the different networks.
Decellularized grass as a sustainable scaffold for skeletal muscle tissue engineering
Authors: Allan Scott J. , Ellis Marianne J. , De Bank Paul A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScaffold materials suitable for the scale‐up and subsequent commercialization of tissue engineered products should ideally be cost effective and accessible. For the in vitro culture of certain adherent cells, synthetic fabrication techniques are often employed to produce micro‐ or nano‐patterned substrates to influence cell attachment, morphology, and alignment via the mechanism of contact guidance. Here we present a natural scaffold, in the form of decellularized amenity grass, which retains its natural striated topography and supports the attachment, proliferation, alignment and differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblasts, without the need for additional functionalization. This presents an inexpensive, sustainable scaffold material and structure for tissue engineering applications capable of influencing cell alignment, a desired property for the culture of skeletal muscle and other anisotropic tissues.
Understanding the intermolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition promotion: Activation strain model/energy decomposition analysis model and conceptual density functional theory viewpoints
Authors: Merzoud Lynda , Guégan Frédéric , Chermette Henry , Morell Christophe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present work reports the computational study of the major Diels–Alder reaction between 2‐bromocycloalkenone and a variety of mono‐ and di‐substituted dienes. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and subsequent activation strain model/energy decomposition analysis/conceptual DFT (C‐DFT) analyses, the key factors governing the activation barriers heights, and thus reactivity, are characterized. In contrast with a previous study, steric effects do not appear to control reactivity. Conversely, in all presented cases, a subtle interplay between deformation and interaction energies is evidenced at transition states. In the end, neither term alone is enough to explain or predict reactivity. Yet a simple C‐DFT descriptor allows to predict with a reasonable efficiency the activation barriers: the excitation energy needed to observe a charge transfer from the diene to the dienophile. Theoretical elements are provided to support the use of this descriptor.
MiR‐133a‐3p attenuates resistance of non‐small cell lung cancer cells to gefitinib by targeting SPAG5
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Yueming , He Jingdong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGefitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI), clinically used to treat patients with non‐small cell lung cancer driven by EGFR mutations. Unfortunately, EGFR‐TKI resistance has become a clinical problem for the effective treatment of NSCLC patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of miR‐133a‐3p on the gefitinib sensitivity of NSCLC cells.MethodsThe gefitinib‐resistant PC9 (PC9/GR) cells were established through repeated long‐term exposure to gefitinib for half a year. Then, PC9/GR cells were transfected with miR‐133a‐3p mimics and PC9 cells were transfected with miR‐133a‐3p inhibitors to increase or decrease the expression of miR‐133a‐3p. CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, and caspase‐3 activity assay were employed to detect cell resistance to gefitinib. Quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the levels of miR‐133a‐3p, SPAG5, and other related genes. Starbase database was used to predict the target gene of miR‐133a‐3p and the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Target gene of miR‐133a‐3p was verified through dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay.ResultsMiR‐133a‐3p was significantly downregulated in gefitinib‐resistant cell line PC9/GR vs. gefitinib‐sensitive cell line PC9. Overexpression of miR‐133a‐3p increased the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to gefitinib and vice versa. Furthermore, SPAG5 is an important target gene of miR‐133a‐3p, and SPAG5 can reverse miR‐133a‐3p‐mediated gefitinib sensitivity of NSCLC cells.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that miR‐133a‐3p/SPAG5 axis played a vital role in acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC cells, and miR‐133a‐3p may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human NSCLC.
A novel clinically relevant graft-versus-leukemia model in humanized mice
Authors: Jia Bei , Zhao Chenchen , Bayerl Michael , Shike Hiroko , Claxton David F , Ehmann W Christopher , Mineishi Shin , Schell Todd D , Zheng Pan , Zhang Yi , Shultz Leonard D , Prabhu K Sandeep , Paulson Robert F , Zheng Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is dismal. Novel effective treatment is urgently needed. Clinical benefit of alloSCT greatly relies on the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. The mechanisms that mediate immune escape of leukemia (thus causing GVL failure) remain poorly understood. Studies of human GVL have been hindered by the lack of optimal clinically relevant models. Here, using our large, longitudinal clinical tissue bank that include AML cells and G-CSF mobilized donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we successfully established a novel GVL model in humanized mice. Donor HSCs were injected into immune-deficient NOD-Cg-PrkdcscidIL2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice to build humanized mice. Immune reconstitution in these mice recapitulated some clinical scenario in the patient who received the corresponding HSCs. Allogeneic but HLA partially matched patient-derived AML cells were successfully engrafted in these humanized mice. Importantly, we observed a significantly reduced (yet incomplete elimination of) leukemia growth in humanized mice compared with that in control NSG mice, demonstrating a functional (but defective) GVL effect. Thus, for the first time, we established a novel humanized mouse model that can be used for studying human GVL responses against human AML cells in vivo. This novel clinically relevant model provides a valuable platform for investigating the mechanisms of human GVL and development of effective leukemia treatments.
Association Between T2* Relaxation Times Derived From Ultrashort Echo Time MRI and Symptoms During Exercise Therapy for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Large Prospective Study
Authors: Breda Stephan J. , de Vos Robert‐Jan , Poot Dirk H. J. , Krestin Gabriel P. , Hernandez‐Tamames Juan A. , Oei Edwin H. G. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundExercise therapy is considered preferential treatment for patellar tendinopathy (PT). However, there is conflicting evidence for structural patellar tendon adaptation in response to exercise therapy and its association with symptoms is weak.PurposeTo assess the association between 1) T2* relaxation times and symptom severity; 2) baseline T2* and clinical outcome; and 3) longitudinal T2* changes and clinical outcome in athletes with PT performing exercise therapy.Study TypeRandomized controlled clinical trial.SubjectsSeventy‐six athletes (18–35 years) with clinically diagnosed and ultrasound‐confirmed PT.Field strength/Sequence3D gradient echo sequence (3.0 T).AssessmentPatients were enrolled in a randomized trial of progressive tendon‐loading exercises (PTLE) versus eccentric exercise therapy (EET). Symptoms were assessed using the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment (VISA‐P) questionnaire. 3D‐Ultrashort echo time (UTE)‐MRI was acquired at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. Voxel‐wise T2* relaxation times were quantified using mono‐exponential and bi‐exponential models. T2* analysis was performed in three patellar tendon tissue compartments representing: aligned collagen, degenerative tissue, and interface.Statistical TestsAdjusted general linear, mixed‐linear models, and generalized estimating equations.ResultsWe included 76 patients with PT (58 men, mean age 24 ± 4 years); 38 in the PTLE‐group and 38 in the EET‐group, of which 57 subjects remained eligible for analysis. T2* relaxation times were significantly associated with VISA‐P in degenerative and interface tissues of the patellar tendon. No association was found between baseline T2* and VISA‐P after 24 weeks (P > 0.29). The estimated mean T2* in degenerative tissue decreased from 14 msec (95%CI: 12–16) at baseline to 13 msec (95%CI: 11–15) at 12 weeks and to 13 msec (95%CI: 10–15) at 24 weeks. The significant decrease in T2* from baseline to 24 weeks was associated with improved clinical outcome.Data ConclusionTissue‐specific T2* relaxation times, identified with 3D‐UTE‐MRI, decreased significantly in athletes with patellar tendinopathy performing exercise therapy and this decrease was associated with improved clinical outcome.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 4
Trabectedin suppresses osteosarcoma pulmonary metastasis in a mouse tumor xenograft model
Authors: Inoue Masahiro , Horiuchi Keisuke , Susa Michiro , Taguchi Eiko , Ishizaka Takahiro , Rikitake Hajime , Matsuhashi Yusuke , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor that mainly affects adolescents and young adults. Although standard treatment modality can achieve up to 60%–70% 5‐year survival rate, there has not been any substantial improvement over the past four decades. Furthermore, those presenting with pulmonary metastatic lesions often undergo a highly unfavorable clinical course. Therefore, there is a severely unmet clinical need to provide a more effective treatment for patients with OS. In this study, we show that trabectedin (TBD), a chemotherapeutic agent approved for soft tissue sarcomas, significantly suppresses pulmonary metastasis in a mouse OS xenograft model. In vitro experiments revealed that TBD suppresses cell migration potentially by downregulating the activity of ERK1/2, intracellular molecules that are critically involved in the regulation of cell motility. Collectively, our data may provide a basis for further investigation of TBD on the potential use for OS patients who are at great risk of pulmonary metastasis.
The Požarevac loess–paleosol sequence: a record of increased aridity in the south‐eastern margin of the Carpathian Basin during the last 350 ka
Authors: Marković Slobodan B. , Oches Eric A. , Perić Zoran M. , Gaudenyi Tivadar , Jovanović Mlađen , Sipos Györgi , Thiel Christine , Buylaert Jan‐Pieter , Savić Stevan , McCoy William D. , Radaković Milica G. , Marković Rastko S. , Gavrilov Milivoj B. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe loess sequence preserved in the Požarevac brickyard in north‐eastern Serbia comprises eight loess units separated by seven paleosols. Geochronological investigation using amino acid racemization and luminescence dating support stratigraphic correlations of loess units L3, S2LL1 and L1 at the Požarevac section with loess of glacial cycles E [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 10], D (MIS 9–8), C (MIS 7–6) and B (MIS 5–2) across central Europe. Correlation with the marine oxygen‐isotope stratigraphy and associated paleoclimatic inferences are further supported by magnetic susceptibility, particle size and carbonate content measured in Požarevac sediments. Malacological investigations at the Požarevac section reveal the continuous presence of the Chondrula tridens and Helicopsis striata faunal assemblages throughout the last 350 ka. The loess malacological fauna, which is characterized by the complete absence of cold‐resistant and cold‐preferring species, suggests a stable, dry and relatively warm glacial and interglacial climate, compared with other central European loess localities. Together these data suggest that the south‐eastern part of the Carpathian (Pannonian, Middle Danube) Basin was a refugium for warm‐preferring and xerophilous land‐snails during the generally unfavorable glacial climates of the late Middle and Late Pleistocene.
Simulation of ν2 Raman band of methane as a function of pressure
Authors: Tanichev Aleksandr S. , Petrov Dmitry V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe in situ analysis of natural gas is one of the most promising applications of Raman spectroscopy. It is necessary to take into account the pressure effect on the spectrum of methane to improve the accuracy of this technique. This study aimed to develop and verify two methods for simulating the ν2 Raman band of methane at any spectral resolution and pressure. The first method was based on the use of the spectroscopic parameters of each single line (position, intensity, broadening, and shift coefficient). The second one was based on the use of the spectral profiles, each of which replaces a group of lines. The data required for the implementation of each method are presented in this work. A comparison of the calculated and measured spectra with a resolution of ~0.5 and ~7 cm−1 was performed. It was shown that the differences do not exceed 5% for each method in the range of 1–60 atm.