bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The VMC survey – XLIV: mapping metallicity trends in the large magellanic cloud using near-infrared passbands
Authors: Choudhury Samyaday , de Grijs Richard , Bekki Kenji , Cioni Maria-Rosa L , Ivanov Valentin D , van Loon Jacco Th , Miller Amy E , Niederhofer Florian , Oliveira Joana M , Ripepi Vincenzo , Sun Ning-Chen , Subramanian Smitha 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We have derived high-spatial-resolution metallicity maps covering ∼105 deg2 across the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using near-infrared passbands from the VISTA Survey of the Magellanic Clouds. We attempt to understand the metallicity distribution and gradients of the LMC up to a radius of ∼6 kpc. We identify red giant branch (RGB) stars in spatially distinct Y, (Y − Ks) colour–magnitude diagrams. In any of our selected subregions, the RGB slope is used as an indicator of the average metallicity, based on calibration to metallicity using spectroscopic data. The mean LMC metallicity is [Fe/H] = −0.42 dex (σ[Fe/H] = 0.04 dex). We find the bar to be mildly metal-rich compared with the outer disc, showing evidence of a shallow gradient in metallicity (−0.008 ± 0.001 dex kpc−1) from the galaxy’s centre to a radius of 6 kpc. Our results suggest that the LMC’s stellar bar is chemically similar to the bars found in large spiral galaxies. The LMC’s radial metallicity gradient is asymmetric. It is metal-poor and flatter towards the southwest, in the direction of the Bridge. This hints at mixing and/or distortion of the spatial metallicity distribution, presumably caused by tidal interactions between the Magellanic Clouds.
Cavernous Malformations of the Optic Nerve and Optic Pathway: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Srinivasan Visish M , Koester Stefan W , Wang Michele S , Rahmani Redi , Ma Kevin L , Catapano Joshua S , Labib Mohamed A , Lawton Michael T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although rare, cavernous malformations (CMs) of the optic nerve and anterior optic pathway (optic pathway cavernous malformations [OPCMs]) can occur, as described in several single case reports in the literature.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the technical aspects of microsurgical management of CMs of the optic pathway on the basis of an extensive single-center experience and review of the literature.

METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed to augment an earlier review, using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. In addition, an institutional database was searched for all patients undergoing surgical resection of OPCMs. Patient information, surgical technique, and clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS
Since the previous report, 14 CMs were resected at this institution or by the senior author at another institution. In addition, 34 cases were identified in the literature since the systematic review in 2015, including some earlier cases that were not discussed in the previous report. Most OPCMs were resected via pterional, orbital-pterional, and orbitozygomatic craniotomies. Visual outcomes were similar to those in earlier reports, with 70% of patients reporting stable to normal vision postoperatively.

CONCLUSION
OPCMs can occur throughout the anterior visual pathway and may cause significant symptoms. Surgery is feasible and should be considered for OPCMs presenting to a surface of the nerve. Favorable results can be obtained with resection, although optimal results are obtained with patients who present with milder symptoms without longstanding damage to the optic apparatus.
Foreign Exchange Volume
Authors: Cespa Giovanni , Gargano Antonio , Riddiough Steven J , Sarno Lucio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate the information contained in foreign exchange (FX) volume using a novel data set from the over-the-counter market. We find volume helps predict next-day currency returns and is economically valuable for currency investors. Predictability implies a stronger return reversal for currency pairs with abnormally low volume and is driven by the component of volume unrelated to volatility, liquidity, and order flow. We rationalize these findings via a simple model, in which FX volume helps reveal the degree of asymmetric information in currency markets. Testing this prediction shows that asymmetric information is uniform across currency pairs but varies across instruments.
Just-In-Time Simulation Training for Nasopharyngeal Specimen Collection During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Carlson Kristy J. , Klute Lauren M. , Dowdall Jayme R. , Pate Samuel , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Stobbe Benjamin B. , Misra Asit , Barnes Christie A. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Rapid and accurate detection of the novel coronavirus using a nasopharyngeal specimen requires training for professionals who may have limited experience. To respond to the urgent need, an interprofessional team created a just-in-time (JIT) module to provide only what was needed, precisely when needed, and rapidly deployed training sessions to a large group of health professionals.

Methods:
In April and May 2020, health professionals from the hospital, ambulatory clinics, and public health attended training. Procedural comfort/knowledge and perception of the training were assessed with pre-survey and post-survey.

Results:
Comfort level in collecting a nasopharyngeal specimen among participating health professionals increased from 2.89 (n = 338) on the pre-survey to 4.51 (n = 300) on the postsurvey on a 5-point scale. Results revealed a significant difference (P < .01) between pre–post knowledge questions regarding the correct angle and depth of the swab to obtain an adequate sample from the nasopharynx.

Discussion:
This study demonstrates that a JIT intervention can improve knowledge and comfort regarding the nasopharyngeal swab procedure. In preparation for the prevention and mitigation of future viral outbreaks (ie, coronavirus and influenza), educators should consider creating JIT skills training for health care professionals who may be deployed to assist in mass testing efforts.
Less invasive multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting: now is the time
Authors: Nambala Sathyaki , Mishra Yugal K. , Ruel Marc 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Less invasive multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting techniques have seen a progressive evolution over the last two decades. In their current state, they are easily reproduced and applicable to most patients requiring multivessel revascularization. The purpose of this review is to highlight their importance among a spectrum of evolving therapies and the accruing evidence in their favour.

Recent findings
The first large dual center experience with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) demonstrated the feasibility of performing multivessel surgical revascularization without the need for sternotomy or cardiopulmonary bypass. Subsequent angiographic studies to assess graft patency showed excellent early results. Studies comparing MICS CABG to conventional CABG demonstrate faster recovery while reducing hospitalization and cost.

Summary
Multivessel less invasive coronary artery bypass grafting is basically limited to two procedures, MICS CABG and robotically assisted totally endoscopic CABG (TECAB). MICS CABG has evolved as a procedure that preserves the safety and efficacy of conventional CABG while avoiding the associated morbidity. It is reproducible, versatile and holds promise as the procedure of choice for multivessel coronary revascularization in the future. TECAB is likely the pinnacle of minimally invasive coronary surgery, the growth of which is hindered by widespread acceptance and industry involvement.
Advancing health equity through organizational change: Perspectives from health care leaders
Authors: Doherty Julia A. , Johnson Margaret , McPheron Heather 
Published: August 2021

Background
Published literature on health care administration, management, and leadership and its impacts on health systems’ programs to address health care inequities is limited, as is information about how organizations integrate health equity in their cultures, missions, and strategic plans.

Purpose
The aims of this study were to identify the key components necessary for health systems to implement systematic organizational change to promote health equity and to describe approaches organizations have implemented.

Methodology/Approach
We conducted an environmental scan to identify central principles for implementing lasting change in health systems and experts working to advance health equity through organizational change. We interviewed 19 experts in health equity and hospital executives in 2020. Using iterative thematic analysis, we identified common themes.

Results
Consistent with the literature on organizational change, interviewees described a variety of systematic approaches to change, all of which involve the following core components: (a) committed and engaged leadership; (b) integrated organizational structure; (c) commitment to quality improvement and patient safety; (d) ongoing training and education; (e) effective data collection and analytics; and (f) stakeholder communication, engagement, and collaboration.

Conclusion and Practice Implications
There is no “one-size-fits-all” approach to advancing health equity. Decisions about which components require the most attention vary depending on an organization’s internal and external environment. Understanding those environments and identifying which levers will be most effective are essential. As provider organizations strive to develop more strategic and systematic approaches to addressing disparities, long-term vision and commitment are necessary to achieve sustainable organizational change.
Changes to ophthalmic clinical care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Sundararajan Miel , Schallhorn Julie M. , Doan Thuy , Seitzman Gerami D. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Given the impact that society as a whole, and medicine specifically, has experienced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, an examination of clinical care changes enacted in the field of ophthalmology is of interest to the specialty.

Recent findings
In order to adapt to the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic, measures, such as broadening telehealth capabilities, adopting universal masking, careful sanitation procedures, applying virtual teaching in academic environments, and deferring elective surgeries were put in place. These were aimed at reducing person-to-person spread of SARS-CoV-2. Though best efforts were made at triaging ophthalmic emergencies during these times, unfortunate delays in care were observed in some circumstances. Finally, a prospective study interrogating the risk of spread at slit lamp distances for short periods of time was encouraging, suggesting low risk of transmissibility, though limited by a small case-positive sample size.

Summary
Significant changes have been made in the design and delivery of ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these, such as telemedicine, may provide value in a postpandemic world.
Systemic considerations with pigmented fundus lesions and retinal pigment epithelium hamartomas in Turcot syndrome
Authors: Mokhashi Nikita , Cai Louis Z. , Shields Carol L. , Benson William E. , Ho Allen C. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
To illustrate retinal pigment epithelium hamartomas (RPEHs) in a patient with known Turcot syndrome and to demonstrate the significance of these lesions in other colonic polyposis syndromes.

Recent findings
The presence of multiple, bilateral RPEHs is a specific marker for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Recent studies have noted RPEHs in associated syndromes including Gardner and Turcot syndromes. Herein, we illustrate an 18-year-old male patient with known brain medulloblastoma who was documented 7 years later to have asymptomatic RPEHs in both eyes, demonstrating hypo-autofluorescence.

Summary
This patient with previous medulloblastoma and known Turcot syndrome was later found to have typical RPEHs, a feature that is important in family screening. Confirmation of RPEHs related to Turcot syndrome was made, and genetic evaluation confirmed germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Observation was advised. Due to the fairly rapid progression to colorectal cancer if untreated, ophthalmologists should be aware that RPEHs can be the first extracolonic manifestation of FAP, Gardner syndrome, and Turcot syndrome.
Scalp-Ear-Nipple syndrome: first report of a Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 1 in-frame insertion and review of the literature
Authors: Butler Kameryn M. , Bahrambeigi Vahid , Merrihew Allie , Friez Michael J. , Cathey Sara S. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
Pathogenic missense variants in the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 1 (KCTD1) gene are associated with autosomal dominant Scalp-Ear-Nipple syndrome (SENS), a type of ectodermal dysplasia characterized by aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp, hairless posterior scalp nodules, absent or rudimentary nipples, breast aplasia and external ear anomalies. We report a child with clinical features of an ectodermal dysplasia, including sparse hair, dysmorphic facial features, absent nipples, 2–3 toe syndactyly, mild atopic dermatitis and small cupped ears with overfolded helices. We also review the published cases of SENS with molecularly confirmed KCTD1 variants.

Methods and results
Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel, de novo in-frame insertion in the broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-a-brac (BTB) domain of the KCTD1 gene. By comparing to the previously reported patients, we found that our patient’s clinical features and molecular variant are consistent with a diagnosis of SENS.

Conclusions
This is only the 13th KCTD1 variant described and the first report of an in-frame insertion causing clinical features, expanding the mutational spectrum of KCTD1 and SENS.
Noninvasive continuous intradialytic blood pressure monitoring: the key to improving haemodynamic stability
Authors: Stewart Paul , Stewart Jill 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) occurs in 20% of haemodialysis treatments, leading to end-organ ischaemia, increased morbidity and mortality; and contributing to poor quality of life for patients. Treatment of IDH is reactive since brachial blood pressure (BP) is recorded only intermittently during haemodialysis, making early detection and prediction of hypotension impossible. Noninvasive continuous BP monitoring would allow earlier detection of IDH and thus support the development of methods for its prediction and consequently prevention.

Recent findings
Noninvasive continuous BP monitoring is not yet part of routine practice in renal dialysis units, with a small number of devices (e.g. finger cuffs) having occasionally been used in research settings. In use, patients frequently report pain or discomfort at measurement sites. Additionally, these devices can be unreliable in patients with reduced blood flow to the digits, often manifest in dialysis patients. All existing methods are sensitive to patient movement.
A new method for continuously estimating BP has been developed by monitoring arterial pressure near the arteriovenous fistula which can be achieved without any extraneous monitoring equipment attached to the patient. Additionally, artificial intelligence-based methods for real-time prediction of IDH are currently emerging.

Summary
Key monitoring technologies and computational methods are emerging to support the development of real-time IDH prediction.
Clinical usefulness of labyrinthine three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Yoon Ra Gyoung , Choi Yeonjoo , Park Hong Ju 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Literature on the use of current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is reviewed, emphasizing the role of three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) MRI. The discussion focuses on the diagnostic role of temporal bone MRI using 3D-FLAIR and the relationship between MRI findings, clinical symptoms, and hearing outcome.

Recent findings
The currently suggested MRI protocol for SSNHL includes a 3D T2-weighted steady-state free procession sequence or its equivalent, pre and postcontrast T1-weighted, and pre and postcontrast 3D-FLAIR sequences. The 3D-FLAIR image identifies an underlying labyrinthine condition in 24–57% of patients with ISSNHL, contributing to understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms (e.g., labyrinthitis or labyrinthine hemorrhage). Recent studies demonstrated consistent results that initial hearing loss could be related to the signal change on the 3D-FLAIR image. Various results on 3D-FLAIR image value prediction for the final hearing outcome were shown.

Summary
3D-FLAIR MRI application identifies an underlying labyrinthine condition. Abnormal MRI findings correlate with initial hearing loss and accompanying symptoms and hearing outcome. Performing temporal bone MRI with 3D-FLAIR sequence may clarify probable ISSNHL pathophysiology, improve diagnostic accuracy, provide prognostic information to physicians, and possibly guide toward a more specific treatment.
So your patient is a gamer: an exploration of benefits and harms
Authors: Lamar Luke , Craig James T. , Shubkin Catherine D. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
The appropriate amount and type of screen time for children remains a persistent topic of discussion between parents and pediatricians. During the COVID-19 pandemic, screen time has considerably increased. The need to quarantine and utilize remote learning prompted our review of the basis for current screen time recommendations and more recent research.

Recent findings
The broad stroke of recent research points to an association of increased video game screen time with sedentary lifestyle and its related harms. However, there also are specific instances where video games have been found to be therapeutically useful for certain populations.

Summary
In light of these findings, it is prudent for the pediatrician to explore more of the ‘why’ of video game use as opposed to purely the ‘how much’. Given the future beneficial therapeutic uses of some video games, clinicians should keep their eyes on this space for its continued development.
“First in Man” Total Percutaneous Aortic Arch Repair With 3-Inner-branch Endografts
Authors: Mougin Justine , Azogui Ron , Guihaire Julien , Tyrrell Mark R. , Oderich Gustavo S. , Fabre Dominique , Haulon Stéphan 
Published: August 2021

Summary Background Data:
Aneurysms of the arch are a complex clinical problem and a technical challenge. Currently, over 40% of patients are considered unfit for conventional open surgery, requiring a cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest. In experienced hands and appropriate anatomic conditions, arch-branched graft technology has shown to be a safe and effective alternative to open conventional surgery to patients that historically have had no surgical options.

Objectives:
This report summarizes the first in man implant of a three-vessel arch branch stent graft using a total percutaneous approach without the need for exposure of the cervical arteries—a surgical step with inherent problems and risks.

Methods:
This approach was performed in two consecutive patients, a 66-year-old woman with a chronic post type A dissection 60 mm diameter aneurysm of the aortic arch, and a 72-year-old man with a 70 mm saccular degenerative atheromatous aortic arch aneurysm.

Results:
Technical success was obtained in both cases. The patients were extubated in the operating theatre. Neither suffered any pre- or postoperative neurological deficits. Both were discharged home after remarkably uneventful hospital stays. There were no access complications. Postoperative computerized tomography scans and ultra-sound confirmed patent supra-aortic branches and completely excluded aneurysms.

Conclusions:
Our new truly minimally invasive approach demonstrates that it is possible to manage one of the most challenging treatments of aortic pathologies without any surgical incision. Further, evaluation and experience are required to confirm these promising results.
Opioid Use After Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy or Intensive Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Wallén Stefan , Bruze Gustaf , Ottosson Johan , Marcus Claude , Sundström Johan , Szabo Eva , Olbers Torsten , Palmetun-Ekbäck Maria , Näslund Ingmar , Neovius Martin 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To compare opioid use in patients with obesity treated with bariatric surgery versus adults with obesity who underwent intensive lifestyle modification.

Summary of Background Data:
Previous studies of opioid use after bariatric surgery have been limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up, and lack of control groups.

Methods:
Nationwide matched cohort study including individuals from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the Itrim health database with individuals undergoing structured intensive lifestyle modification, between August 1, 2007 and September 30, 2015. Participants were matched on Body Mass Index, age, sex, education, previous opioid use, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychiatric status (n = 30,359:21,356). Dispensed opioids were retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register from 2 years before to up to 8 years after intervention.

Results:
During the 2-year period before treatment, prevalence of individuals receiving ≥1 opioid prescription was identical in the surgery and lifestyle group. At 3 years, the prevalence of opioid prescriptions was 14.7% versus 8.9% in the surgery and lifestyle groups (mean difference 5.9%, 95% confidence interval 5.3–6.4) and at 8 years 16.9% versus 9.0% (7.9%, 6.8–9.0). The difference in mean daily dose also increased over time and was 3.55 mg in the surgery group versus 1.17 mg in the lifestyle group at 8 years (mean difference [adjusted for baseline dose] 2.30 mg, 95% confidence interval 1.61–2.98).

Conclusions:
Bariatric surgery was associated with a higher proportion of opioid users and larger total opioid dose, compared to actively treated obese individuals. These trends were especially evident in patients who received additional surgery during follow-up.
Chronic Pain After Groin Hernia Surgery in Women
Authors: Jakobsson Ebbe , Lundström Karl-Johan , Holmberg Henrik , de la Croix Hanna , Nordin Pär 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate chronic pain 1 year after surgery, and risk factors for chronic pain after groin hernia repair in women.

Background:
Groin hernia surgery in women is less frequently studied than in men. Chronic pain is common after groin hernia surgery and remains an important area with room for improvement. Previous studies are small or inconclusive. Guidelines recommend timely repair of all female groin hernias.

Methods:
From the Swedish Hernia Register 4021 female and 37,542 male patients operated between September 1, 2012 and August 30, 2017 responded to a patient-reported outcome questionnaire (response rate 70.0%) 1 year after primary groin hernia surgery. Multivariable analysis was performed to compare chronic postoperative pain in women with men as a control group, and to evaluate risk factors for chronic pain in women.

Results:
Among women operated for groin hernia, 18% suffered chronic postoperative pain. The risk for chronic pain was significantly higher for women [odds ratio 1.3 (95% confidence interval 1.16–1.46). Three risk factors for chronic pain in women were found: high body mass index, high American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and femoral hernia. No differences in chronic pain in women were seen when comparing surgical methods or emergency versus elective surgery.

Conclusions:
Almost one-fifth of women suffered of chronic pain affecting daily activity after groin hernia repair. Chronic pain was more common for women than men. In view of the high-rate chronic postoperative pain, further research on management strategies in female groin hernia is warranted.