bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of health-related quality of life with sociodemographic characteristics, health, pain, and lifestyle factors, and motivation for changing lifestyle in adults living with chronic pain: a cross-sectional exploratory study
Authors: Nielsen Svetlana Solgaard , Skou Søren T. , Larsen Anette Enemark , Søndergaard Jens , Christensen Jeanette Reffstrup 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the associations between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health, pain and lifestyle factors, as well as motivation for lifestyle changes, in adults living with chronic pain referred to a Danish pain centre.

Methods
A total of 144 outpatients completed a questionnaire on HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L), health, pain, lifestyle factors (Body Mass Index [BMI], physical activity, smoking, alcohol, physical fitness, eating, sleep and stress) and motivation for lifestyle changes. We used multiple linear regression analyses to assess associations between HRQoL and the independent variables.

Results
The participants (age mean 50 years, 81% females) had ≥2 body pain sites (93%), BMI≥25 (64%), sedentary lifestyle (43%) and multiple (n≥2) elevated metabolic risk factors (58%). Most considered lifestyle important for HRQoL (72%) and expressed moderate to very high motivation for changing lifestyle (92%). Poorer HRQoL in the study population was significantly associated with higher pain intensity in the most painful body site (β=−0.316, p=0.001) and very poor sleep quality (β=−0.410, p=0.024). Serious-to-extreme problems in usual activities were associated with significantly poorer health (β=−0.328, p=0.030).

Conclusions
Adults living with chronic pain participating in this survey had significantly lower self-evaluated HRQoL than the general population. Lower HRQoL was significantly associated with greater pain intensity and poor sleep quality. Serious-to-extreme problems in usual activities, such as work, study, housework, family and leisure, were associated with poorer self-evaluated health. We observed high frequencies of overweight, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, pain in multiple body sites and multiple lifestyle-related risk factors in the study population. Most participants felt motivated for changing lifestyle. Further interventions addressing pain alleviation, sleep quality, prevention of problems in usual activities and promotion of healthy lifestyle, e.g. physical activity and healthy eating, are needed to estimate the effect of a lifestyle-oriented approach on health and quality of life in people living with chronic pain. The results of this study will inform the research project reg. SJ-703, the Danish the Research Ethics Committee for Region Zealand, Denmark.
Hunter-fisher-gatherer pottery production and use at the Neolithic shell-midden of Riņņukalns, Latvia
Authors: Spataro Michela , Oras Ester , Lucquin Alexandre , Bērziņš Valdis 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe shell-midden site of Riņņukalns in northern Latvia offers a rare opportunity to study long-term trends in ceramic production and function at a European hunter-fisher-gatherer site. Riņņukalns was occupied from the sixth millennium BC, with the midden developing from the later fourth millennium. Here, the authors discuss the chaîne opératoire and function of the Riņņukalns material, showing that pottery was used in both the pre-midden and midden phases primarily to cook aquatic and porcine resources. The technology used to produce these cooking vessels, however, changed over time, with new firing techniques associated with a shift to the use of shell temper. The results have implications for understanding prehistoric technology and subsistence in other parts of the world.
Percentage-Based Change of Direction Deficit: A New Approach to Standardize Time- and Velocity-Derived Calculations
Authors: Freitas Tomás T. , Pereira Lucas A. , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Azevedo Paulo H. S. M. , Bishop Chris , Loturco Irineu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Freitas, TT, Pereira, LA, Alcaraz, PE, Azevedo, PHSM, Bishop, C, and Loturco, I. Percentage-based change of direction deficit: a new approach to standardize time- and velocity-derived calculations. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3521–3526, 2022—Change of direction (COD) efforts are crucial in team sports, and an extensive body of research has been devoted to investigating this complex and multifaceted skill. Most studies have assessed players' ability to change direction by reporting completion time or average velocity in different COD tasks. However, it has been argued that these variables may not accurately portray an athlete's true capability to quickly change direction. In this context, new metrics such as the COD Deficit (CODD) have been proposed to provide complementary information on the efficiency to change direction. The current literature presents 2 different CODD computations: time-derived and velocity-derived calculations. Despite both being consistent and representing the same phenomenon, the decision of using one or the other may produce different outcomes, thus influencing coaches' decisions and training strategies. To overcome this issue, we propose a new approach to the computation of the CODD, based on the difference in percentage between linear sprint and COD abilities, in an attempt to standardize the estimation of this variable and simplify the evaluation of COD performance.
Molecular docking of cyanine and squarylium dyes with SARS‐CoV‐2 proteases NSP3, NSP5 and NSP12
Authors: Pronkin Pavel , Tatikolov Alexander 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe outbreak and continued spread of coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) sets the goal of finding new tools and methods to develop analytical procedures and tests to detect, study infection and prevent morbidity.MethodsThe noncovalent binding of cyanine and squarylium dyes of different classes (60 compounds in total) with the proteases NSP3, NSP5, and NSP12 of SARS‐CoV‐2 was studied by the method of molecular docking.ResultsThe interaction energies and spatial configurations of dye molecules in complexes with NSP3, NSP5, and NSP12 have been determined.ConclusionA number of anionic dyes showing lower values of the total energy Etot could be recommended for practical research in the development of agents for the detection and inactivation of the coronavirus.
The Use of Extracorporeal Liver Support Systems In Acute Decompensated Liver Failure
Authors: Ibadov R. A. , Ismailov Ye. L. , Ibragimov S. Kh. 
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study: to evaluate the eﬃcacy of extracorporeal liver support systems in patients with acute liver failure of various etiologies.Material and methods. The study included 117 patients with acute liver failure of various etiologies. The main group consisted of 71 patients who received complex intensive therapy, including MARS-therapy and hemodiaﬁltration. The comparison group included 46 patients who received albumin dialysis (24 patients) and hemodiaﬁltration (22 patients) alone. The mean age of the patients was 34±5.6 years, the majority (56.4%) were men. Dynamic assessment of patients' severity was performed using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scales.Results. A more signiﬁcant reduction of SOFA and MELD scores was noted as early as by day 10 of intensive therapy in the main group with sequential use of extracorporeal liver detoxiﬁcation methods — to 2.7±0.2 vs. 8.3±0.5 points (P=0.021) on SOFA and to 16.7±0.4 vs. 23.4±1.4 points (P=0.023) MELD scales. The use of a comprehensive approach to extracorporeal detoxiﬁcation in acute decompensated liver failure increased the regression rate of multiple organ failure from 51.2 to 74.6% and reduced mortality from 47.8 to 25.4% (χ2=6.266; df=1; P=0.013). At the same time, the cumulative proportion of survivors depending on the type of complication within 30 days was 88.4% in the main group and 69.0% in the comparison group (χ2=4.164; df=1; P=0.042).Conclusion. A comprehensive approach to extracorporeal detoxiﬁcation is highly eﬀective, providing a more signiﬁcant reduction of SOFA and MELD scores, increasing the proportion of regression of multiple organ dysfunction and reducing mortality.
Current Approaches to the Treatment of Traumatic Shock (Review)
Authors: Ostapchenko D. A. , Gutnikov A. I. , Davydova L. A. 
Published: August 2021

The clinical manifestation of shock is characterized by systemic circulatory disturbances andblood ﬂow, hypoxic and metabolic disorders. The leading role in the pathogenesis of traumatic shock (the subtype of a hypovolemic shock), is assigned to the severity of the damaging eﬀect, the time interval suﬃcient for the development of a pathophysiological response, mismatch between body tissue perfusion and the metabolic requirements, and impaired aerobic oxidation in tissues. The use of a comprehensive multicomponent intensive care strategy matching the pathophysiological changes is a diﬃcult challenge for a critical care physician.The aim of the reviewis to demonstrate the speciﬁc features and sequence of events occurring in the body during the development of traumatic shock, the pattern of manifestations of clinical signs, and potential use of intensive therapy methods tailored to the pathophysiological responses in traumatic shock.Material. The information search was carried out in the PubMed and RSCI databases, among which 80 sources were ﬁnally selected, representing current therapeutic approaches, the results of scientiﬁc research and clinical guidelines related to the scope of this review.Results. The main stages of traumatic shock pathogenesis were reviewed. The basic patterns of cardiovascular and respiratory failure development were analyzed, the criteria of their severity were evaluated, and the complexity of the selection of intensive therapy was shown.Conclusion. Respiratory support, stabilization of cardiac and circulatory parameters and optimization of oxygen status are the most important components of treatment of patients with traumatic shock. Current methods of respiratory failure control allow to estimate promptly the severity of respiratory dysfunction, reveal the cause and correct existing disorders in an individualized way taking into account the better availability of mechanical ventilation. Replacement of circulating blood volume is aimed both at achieving hemodynamic eﬀect and restoring the concentration of sources of oxygen carriers and plasma pro- and anticoagulant factors. The earliest and most comprehensive intensive therapy can improve the prognosis and outcome in patients with traumatic shock.
Empiric Vancomycin Reduction in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lanata Mariana M. , Diaz Alejandro , Hecht Shaina M. , Katragkou Aspasia , Gallup Nathaniel , Buckingham Don A. , Tansmore Jessica L. , Sargel Cheryl , Watson Joshua R. , Karsies Todd 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
At our institution, empirical vancomycin is overused in children with suspected bacterial community-acquired infections (CAIs) admitted to the PICU because of high community rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our goal was to reduce unnecessary vancomycin use for CAIs in the PICU.

METHODS
Empirical PICU vancomycin indications for suspected CAIs were developed by using epidemiological risk factors for MRSA. We aimed to reduce empirical PICU vancomycin use in CAIs by 30%. After retrospectively testing, the indications were implemented and monthly PICU empirical vancomycin use during baseline (May 2017–April 2018) and postintervention (May 2018–July 2019) periods. Education was provided to PICU providers, vancomycin indications were posted, and the antibiotic order set was revised. Statistical process control methods tracked improvement over time. Proven S aureus infections for which vancomycin was not empirically prescribed and linezolid or clindamycin use were balancing measures.

RESULTS
We identified 1620 PICU patients with suspected bacterial CAIs. Empirical vancomycin decreased from a baseline of 73% to 45%, a 38% relative reduction. No patient not prescribed empirical vancomycin later required the addition of vancomycin or other MRSA-targeted antibiotics. There was no change in nephrotoxicity or in the balancing measures.

CONCLUSIONS
Development of clear and concise recommendations, combined with clinician education and decision support via an order set, was an effective and safe strategy to reduce PICU vancomycin use. Retrospective validation of the recommendations with local data were key to obtaining PICU clinician buy in.
Very Preterm Early Motor Repertoire and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 8 Years
Authors: Salavati Sahar , Bos Arend F. , Doyle Lex W. , Anderson Peter J. , Spittle Alicia J. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Children born very preterm (&lt;32 weeks’ gestation) have more neurodevelopmental problems compared with term-born peers. Aberrant fidgety movements (FMs) are associated with adverse motor outcomes in children born very preterm. However, associations of aberrant FMs combined with additional movements and postures to give a motor optimality score-revised (MOS-R) with school-aged cognitive and motor outcomes are unclear. Our aim with this study was to determine those associations.

METHODS
Of 118 infants born &lt;30 weeks’ gestation recruited into a randomized controlled trial of early intervention, 97 had a general movements assessment at 3 months’ corrected age and were eligible for this study. Early motor repertoire including FMs and MOS-R were scored from videos of infant’s spontaneous movement at 3 months’ corrected age. At 8 years’ corrected age, cognitive and motor performances were evaluated. Associations of early FMs and MOS-R with outcomes at 8 years were determined using linear regression.

RESULTS
Seventy-eight (80%) infants with early motor repertoire data had neurodevelopmental assessments at 8 years. A higher MOS-R, and favorable components of the individual subscales of the MOS-R, including the presence of normal FMs, were associated with better performance for general cognition, attention, working memory, executive function and motor function at 8 years; eg, presence of normal FMs was associated with a 21.6 points higher general conceptual ability score (95% confidence interval: 12.8–30.5; P &lt; .001) compared with absent FMs.

CONCLUSIONS
Favorable early motor repertoire of infants born &lt;30 weeks is strongly associated with improved cognitive and motor performance at 8 years.
Joint focal mechanism determination with source-region station corrections using short-period body-wave amplitude data
Authors: Nakamura Ayako , Horiuchi Shigeki , Hasegawa Akira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe have developed a method that simultaneously determines focal mechanism solutions of many small earthquakes and source-region station corrections for short-period body-wave amplitudes by inverting amplitude data of P, SH, and SV waves, together with P-wave polarity data. The observed seismic waveform includes the effects of site amplification and attenuation along its ray path in addition to the radiation pattern of earthquake source. The amplitude of seismograms at frequencies higher than a few Hertz is extremely sensitive to heterogeneous structure near the ground surface. Consequently, we need to know in detail the effects of site amplification and attenuation in order to estimate focal mechanisms by using short-period waveforms. However, at present, we do not know the detailed crustal structure with a resolution necessary for this estimation. In the present study, we assume that P- and S-wave attenuation factors along ray paths from hypocenters to each station can be expressed as a function of hypocentral distance, backazimuth, and incident angle. Based on this assumption, we determined focal mechanism solutions of many earthquakes and the coefficients in the function for each station simultaneously, by using P-, SH-, and SV-wave amplitudes and P-wave polarities. We applied the present method to 170 aftershocks of the 1996 Onikobe earthquake (M 5.9), which occurred in the central part of northeastern Japan. We obtained focal mechanism solutions of many microearthquakes whose mechanism solutions could not be determined by using P-wave polarity data alone. P axes of almost all the obtained focal mechanism solutions are horizontal and oriented in the east-west direction. T axes are, on average, near vertical at the shallowest depth. As the depth approaches 5 km, the T axes become horizontal and then gradually become near vertical again.
Moment-magnitude relations based on strong-motion records in Greece
Authors: Margaris B. N. , Papazachos C. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, the variation of the local magnitude, MLSM, derived from strong-motion records at short distances is examined, in terms of moment magnitude, MW. Strong-motion data from Greek earthquakes are used to determine the strong-motion local magnitude, MLSM, by performing an integration of the equation of motion of the Wood-Anderson (WA) seismograph subjected to an input acceleration. The most reliable strong-motion data are utilized for earthquakes with seismic moments log M0 ≧ 22.0 dyne · cm and calculated local magnitudes, MLSM ≧ 3.7. The correlation between the seismic moments, log M0, and the calculated local magnitudes, MLSM, using strong-motion records is given by log M0 = 1.5*MLSM + 16.07, which is very similar to that proposed by Hanks and Kanamori (1979). Moreover, it is shown that MLSM is equal to moment magnitude, MW, for a large MLSM range (3.9 to 6.6). Comparison of the strong-motion local magnitude and the ML magnitude estimated in Greece (MLGR) and surrounding area shows a systematic bias of 0.4 to 0.5, similar to the difference that has been found between MW and MLGR for the same area. The contribution of the local site effects in the calculation of the local magnitude, MLSM, is also considered by taking into account two indices of soil classification, namely, rock and alluvium or the shear-wave velocity, v30s, of the first 30 m, based on NEHRP (1994) and UBC (1997). An increase of MLSM by 0.16 is observed for alluvium sites. Alternative relations showing the MLSM variation with, v30s are also presented. Finally, examination of the WA amplitude attenuation, −log A0, with distance shows that the Jennings and Kanamori (1983) relation for Δ &lt; 100 km is appropriate for Greece. The same results confirm earlier suggestions that the 0.4 to 0.5 bias between MLGR and MW (also MLSM) should be attributed to a low static magnification (∼800) of the Athens WA instrument on which all other ML relations in Greece have been calibrated.
Foreshocks and nucleation of small- to moderate-sized Koyna earthquakes (India)
Authors: Rastogi B. K. , Mandal Prantik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRupture nucleation of five Koyna mainshocks during 1993 to 1996 (M 4.3 to 5.4) was studied using the space-time patterns of foreshocks within 8 km and 500 hr prior to the mainshock. The nucleation process occurred in two phases, viz., quasi-static and quasi-dynamic prior to the dynamic rupturing of the mainshock. The foreshock nucleation zone is observed to grow at a rate of 0.5 to 10 cm/sec until it finally attains a diameter of about 10 km before the occurrence of the mainshock. It is found that the fracture nucleates at shallow depths (&lt;1 km) and gradually deepens to cause the mainshock near the base of the seismogenic layer, that is, at about 8 to 11 km depth. The nucleation of earthquakes at shallow depths may be attributed to the effect of increasing pore pressure caused by the reservoirs of Koyna and Warna Dams in subhydrostatic conditions, whereas the propagation of fractures toward the base of the seismogenic layer may be controlled by the local stress concentrations along the fault zone and pore-pressure diffusion at greater depths.
Aftershocks of the 1952 Kern County, California, earthquake sequence
Authors: Dreger Douglas , Savage Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe have studied the seismograms recorded at the historic Berkeley (BRK) and Pasadena (PAS) stations for 20 aftershocks of the 21 July 1952 Kern County earthquake sequence. These events, in the magnitude range of MW 4.5 to 5.6, are too small to be studied teleseismically, yet they are important for better understanding the tectonics of the southern Sierra Nevada and the Tehachapi Mountains. On-scale recordings of moderate-sized events from this important earthquake sequence were first scanned, digitized, and then subjected to waveform modeling using a seismic moment tensor inverse procedure. In particular, the long-period, three-component Galitzen instrument at BRK and the 6-sec Wood-Anderson at PAS provided very high quality seismograms that could be analyzed in this manner. These two sites have been continuously operated from 1887 and 1927, respectively, and both are current sites of state-of-the-art broadband, high dynamic range instrumentation. First-motion polarities reported by Bath and Richter (1958) were used as additional constraints in the estimation of source parameters. There is considerable variability in the three-component seismograms of the 1952 aftershocks, which in turn result in a diversity of focal mechanisms. The majority of the solutions are northwest-striking reverse mechanisms that likely occurred on various mapped thrust faults in the hanging block of the mainshock. There are several events with northeast-striking, left-lateral mechanisms that are consistent with the strike of the White Wolf fault, as well as several normal slip events. The results of this study indicate that there are a variety of active fault structures adjacent to the White Wolf, Garlock and San Andreas faults in this region.
Foreshocks and aftershocks of the great 1857 California earthquake
Authors: Meltzner Aron J. , Wald David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe San Andreas fault is the longest fault in California and one of the longest strike-slip faults anywhere in the world, yet we know little about many aspects of its behavior before, during, and after large earthquakes. We conducted a study to locate and to estimate magnitudes for the largest foreshocks and aftershocks of the 1857 M 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake on the central and southern segments of the fault. We began by searching archived first-hand accounts from 1857 through 1862, by grouping felt reports temporally, and by assigning modified Mercalli intensities to each site. We then used a modified form of the grid-search algorithm of Bakun and Wentworth, derived from empirical analysis of modern earthquakes, to find the location and magnitude most consistent with the assigned intensities for each of the largest events. The result confirms a conclusion of Sieh that at least two foreshocks (“dawn” and “sunrise”) located on or near the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault preceded the mainshock. We estimate their magnitudes to be M ≈ 6.1 and M ≈ 5.6, respectively. The aftershock rate was below average but within one standard deviation of the number of aftershocks expected based on statistics of modern southern California mainshock-aftershock sequences. The aftershocks included two significant events during the first eight days of the sequence, with magnitudes M ≈ 6.25 and M ≈ 6.7, near the southern half of the rupture; later aftershocks included a M ≈ 6 event near San Bernardino in December 1858 and a M ≈ 6.3 event near the Parkfield segment in April 1860. From earthquake logs at Fort Tejon, we conclude that the aftershock sequence lasted a minimum of 3.75 years.