bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an elicitation strategy on enhanced accumulation of oleanolic acid in suspension cultures of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Authors: Sharan Swati , Sarin Neera Bhalla , Mukhopadhyay Kunal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn. is an important aromatic medicinal plant which produces several secondary metabolites responsible for diverse pharmacological activities. The present study focuses on enhanced production of biomass as well as oleanolic acid (OA), an anticancer and antioxidant compound, in suspension cell cultures of O. tenuiflorum upon elicitation with different elicitors. Leaf explants derived friable calli were inoculated intol iquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing plant growth regulators [0.25 mg/L of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP)] for the establishment of suspension cultures. Influence of several factors such as, age of the suspension cultures, different concentrations, and exposure times of various elicitors such as yeast extract (YE), methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and salicylic acid (SA) respectively were analysed for cell biomass production and accumulation of OA during this study. Among the elicitors tested, YE at 50 mg/L was found to be the most efficient in terms of increased biomass production and accumulation of OA in the cultures. The highest increase in OA production (13.16-fold in elicited cultures compared to untreated cultures) was noted on 17-day-old suspension cultures when exposed to 50 mg/L of YE for four days. Enhancement of 2.72-fold in OA content was also recorded in 17-day-old cultures when treated with MeJ (60 mg/L) during two days of exposure. SA was not efficient in inducing accumulation of OA in 17- and 22-day-old suspension cultures at any concentration and exposure time. Furthermore, it was observed that the effect of different elicitors on biomass production and OA content depended on concentration and the duration of exposure times. Therefore, utilization of elicitation method could be a promising tool to enhance cell growth and OA accumulation in the suspension cell cultures of O. tenuiflorum.
Dual Detection High-Speed Capillary Electrophoresis for Simultaneous Serum Protein Analysis and Immunoassays
Authors: Opallage Prabhavie , De Silva Miyuru , Dunn Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunoassays are important tools used clinically to diagnose disease. SPE separates serum proteins into bands whose shape and amplitude can alert clinicians to a range of disorders. This is usually followed by more specific immunoassays to quantify important antigens and confirm a diagnosis. Here we develop a high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) platform capable of both SPE measurements and quantifying immunoassays, simultaneously. The HSCE uses a 10 cm long total length separation capillary (50 μm i.d., 80 μm o.d.) with an 8 cm length-to-detector for rapid analysis times. This is important for throughput in clinical settings and for quantifying immunoassays, where antigen-antibody complexes continually dissociate once injected into the non-equilibrium conditions of the separation capillary. A single laser excitation source is focused into the detection zone of the capillary to measure both refractive index (SPE) and fluorescence signals (immunoassays), simultaneously. Light scattered back towards the excitation source measures refractive index changes using back-scatter interferometry (BSI), while fluorescence is collected from below the capillary with a high numerical aperture objective. To validate the dual detection HSCE approach, SPE and immunoassays are measured from human serum samples pre-incubated with fluorescein and an anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibody. We show that the BSI signal measures characteristic SPE profiles for human serum separated in 100 mM boric acid (pH 10), 100 mM arginine (pH 11), and 20 mM CHES (pH 10). For the immunoassay, the fluorescence electropherograms reveal that CHES provides the optimal buffer for measuring the immunocomplex and separating it from the free antigen. Immunoassays in CHES yield a LOD of 23 nM and a LOQ of 70 nM for the detection of fluorescein. Elevated pH is used in SPE to ensure all proteins are charged and to reduce protein adsorption to the capillary walls. The high pH, however, also reduces antibody affinity. Preliminary studies carried out in 50 mM barbital at pH 8 show improved stability of the immunocomplex and better separation for immunoassay quantification, but loss of resolution in the SPE. Further optimization will open new capabilities for measuring orthogonal diagnostic signals in seconds with HSCE.
ABO Blood Group and RhD status Are Not Associated with Mortality and Morbidity in Critically Ill Patients; a Multicentre Observational Study of 29 512 Patients
Authors: Kander Thomas , Bjurström Martin F. , Frigyesi Attila , Jöud Magnus , Nilsson Caroline U. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between ABO blood groups and many types of disease. The present study primarily aimed to identify associations between ABO blood groups, RhD groups and mortality/morbidity outcomes in critically ill patients both in a main cohort and in six pre-defined subgroups. The secondary aim was to investigate any differences in transfusion requirement between the different ABO blood groups and RhD status.Methods. Adult patients admitted to any of the five intensive care units (ICUs) in Skåne, Sweden, between February 2007 and April 2021 were eligible for inclusion. The outcomes were mortality analysed at 28– and 90–days as well as at the end of observation and morbidity measured using days alive and free of (DAF) invasive ventilation (DAF ventilation) and DAF circulatory support, including vasopressors or inotropes (DAF circulation), maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFAmax) the first 28 days after admission and length of stay. All outcomes were analysed in separate multivariable regression models (adjusted for age and sex), generating odds or hazard ratios for each blood group and RhD status using blood group O and RhD negative as reference. Transfusion requirements were also investigated.Results. In total, 29 512 unique patients were included in the analyses. There were no significant differences for any of the outcomes between non-O blood groups and blood group O, or between RhD groups. In six pre-defined subgroups (sepsis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Covid-19, cardiac arrest and trauma) there were no differences in mortality between non-O blood groups and blood group O or between the RhD groups. Furthermore, we could not demonstrate any differences in the number of transfused patients between the ABO blood groups or between the RhD groups.Conclusions. ABO blood type and RhD status do not appear to influence mortality or morbidity in a general critically ill patient population. There were no differences in the number of transfused patients between the ABO blood groups or between the RhD status groups.
Laser-Based Ultrasound Interrogation of Surface and Sub-Surface Features in Advanced Manufacturing Materials
Authors: Harke Kathryn Jinae , Calta Nicholas , Tringe Joseph , Stobbe David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Structures formed by advanced manufacturing methods increasingly require nondestructive characterization to enable efficient fabrication and to ensure performance targets are met. This is especially important for aerospace, military, and high precision applications. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) generated by laser-based ultrasound can detect surface and sub-surface defects relevant for a broad range of AM processes, including laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In particular, an all-optical SAW generation and detection configuration can effectively interrogate laser melt lines. Here we report on scattered acoustic energy from melt lines, voids, and surface features. Sub-surface voids are also characterized using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). High resolution CT results are presented and compared with SAW measurements. Finite difference simulations inform experimental measurements and analysis.
Metabolic Effect and Mechanism of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Offspring of Different Sexes
Authors: Fang Ke-Ying , Liu Zi-Qi , Hu Qi-Lin , Chen Zhi-Hao , Cai Yuan , Guo Xu-guang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-related complication that can seriously endanger the health of the mother and child. Studies have reported that offspring have varying sensitivities to high blood sugar in utero based on their sex. However, the underlying pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is still largely unknown. Therefore, this study aims to study the metabolic influence and mechanism of gestational diabetes on male and female offspring, which is beneficial in preventing or reducing the possibility of metabolic diseases among the offspring of mothers with GDM through long-term medical monitoring.MethodsResearch samples meeting the experimental ideas were evaluated and selected from GEO database. After sample pretreatment, enrichment analysis was performed using R software to further enrich the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and further research on the biological processes and molecular pathways related to these genes was conducted through GO analysis and KEGG analysis. Following this, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs in the STRING database was constructed and then refined using Cytoscape software. The CytoHubba software was then used to screen out the top 10 hub genes. At last, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using GSEA software (v. 4.0) to further understand the molecular mechanism of the disease.ResultsA total of 718 different genes were selected from GSE150621, including 454 and 264 genes with up-regulated and down-regulated expressions, which were statistically significant. Based on the data from the STRING database, the top 10 genes with the highest degree of connectivity, including OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, RSAD2, MX1, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, XAF1, and ISG15, were selected. The relative expression levels of IFIT1, OSA1, and ISG15 are relevant to the prognosis of GDM patients and the potential occurrence of some metabolic diseases in their offspring.ConclusionsThe accumulation of OAS1, IFIT1, and ISG15 genes suggests that a chronic inflammatory response is a requisite part of the GDM process. However, this is not clearly related to the metabolic mechanisms of different gender offspring of mothers with GDM; therefore, this is subject to further research.
Burnout among frontline health professionals in two African countries: a cross sectional study from Egypt and Sudan
Authors: Dabbah Noha Ahmed El , Elhadi Yasir Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The impact of coronavirus pandemic (COVID19) on healthcare professionals (HCPs) is an issue of global concern. Occupational burnout among HCPs has been reported by several studies. However, pandemic-related burnout needs further investigation especially among frontline HCPs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of burnout syndrome among HCPs working at COVID-19 isolation facilities in Egypt and Sudan.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among frontline HCPs in Egypt and Sudan from May 2021 to July 2021. An online, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Occupational burnout was estimated using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Data analyzed using SPSS software.ResultsA total of 362 HCPs participated in the study and were equally recruited from Egypt (181) and Sudan (181) with mean age of (31.84 ± 8.32) years. More than half were females (60%) and were physicians (58.3%). Most healthcare professionals included in the study had high levels of work disengagement (75.4%) and emotional exhaustion (98.6%). Burnout syndrome was present in 75% of the HCPs with 77% prevalence among Egyptian HCPs and 71% prevalence among Sudanese HCPs. The parameters that are associated with burnout syndrome among Egyptian HCPs were working hours per week; while for Sudanese HCPs, these were age and number of days off.Conclusion The study revealed a high prevalence of burnout syndrome among HCPs working at COVID-19 isolation facilities in Egypt and Sudan. Appropriate actions should be taken to preserve mental health status of HCPs through establishment of effective and efficient coping strategies.
Genotyping for Dombrock blood group alleles in Northern Pakistani blood donors
Authors: Jadoon S.A. , Salamat N. , Khan S.A. , Yazdani M.S. , Khatak N. , Naeem M.A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Genotyping can be used to identify rare blood group antigens and to solve suspected blood group discrepancies, particularly when serologic methods are limited. Unfortunately, only a few such studies have been performed in Pakistan. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of Dombrock blood group alleles by genotyping samples from blood donors from the north of Pakistan. Blood samples were taken with consent from 300 blood donors; DNA was extracted and tested for DO*01 and DO*02 alleles by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP), followed by gel electrophoresis. Allele frequencies were calculated. The observed and expected genotype frequencies were compared using the χ
2
test. The allele frequencies for DO*01 and DO*02 were 0.40 and 0.60, respectively. Genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This study in Pakistani blood donors provides Dombrock blood group allele frequencies by PCR-SSP. This approach is efficient and economical and can be applied in developing countries. The findings can contribute to the development of in-house red blood cell panels, identification of rare blood types, and establishment of a national rare blood donor program.
The Cromer blood group system: an update
Authors: Storry J.R. , Lomas-Francis C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This update of the Cromer (CROM) blood group system (Storry JR, Reid ME, Yazer MH. The Cromer blood group system: a review. Immunohematology 2010;26:109–17) includes additional variants to the Cromer system (ISBT021), both new antigens and new molecular bases underlying the null phenotype. The molecule on which the Cromer blood group antigens are carried, CD55 (DAF), is an important receptor for the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and the role of CD55 in health and disease continues to expand.
Herbal Nanoformulations for Asthma Treatment
Authors: Yang Jing , Song Bo , Wu Junzi 
Published: September 2021

Background:In recent decades, the prevalence of asthma has substantially increased worldwide. Advances in phytochemistry and phytopharmacology have clarified the active ingredients and biological activities of medicinal plant products for treating asthma, and the role of herbal therapies in asthma treatment has become increasingly evident. However, most plant extracts have low solubility and poor stability of bioactive components, resulting in low bioavailability and loss of efficacy. Owing to these shortcomings, the clinical use of many herbal extracts is limited.Objective:To summarise and analyse the characteristics of herbal nanoformulations and their application in asthma treatment. The objective of this review article is to address the emerging trends of herbal nanoformulations for an effective treatment of asthma.Methods:Various research and review articles from reputed international journals were referred to and compiled.Results:The nano-sized herbal formulations improve the solubility and bioavailability of herbal medicines and contribute to the sustained release of drugs, thus, increasing the therapeutic applications of herbal extracts. The review present different types of herbal nanoformulations, including micelles, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-based liquid crystalline nanoparticles and nanoemulsions, which are potential nanodrugs for asthma treatment.Conclusions:Herbal nanoformulations have shown great prospects for the treatment of asthma in recent years. More safety and toxicity data are still needed to promote their development and application.
Remote Patient Monitoring and Incentives to Support Smoking Cessation Among Pregnant and Postpartum Medicaid Members: Three Randomized Controlled Pilot Studies
Authors: Joyce Caroline M , Saulsgiver Kathryn , Mohanty Salini , Bachireddy Chethan , Molfetta Carin , Steffy Mary , Yoder Alice , Buttenheim Alison M 
Published: September 2021

Background
Smoking rates among low-income individuals, including those eligible for Medicaid, have not shown the same decrease that is observed among high-income individuals. The rate of smoking among pregnant women enrolled in Medicaid is almost twice that among privately insured women, which leads to significant disparities in birth outcomes and a disproportionate cost burden placed on Medicaid. Several states have identified maternal smoking as a key target for improving birth outcomes and reducing health care expenditures; however, efficacious, cost-effective, and feasible cessation programs have been elusive.

Objective
This study aims to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a smartwatch-enabled, incentive-based smoking cessation program for Medicaid-eligible pregnant smokers.

Methods
Pilot 1 included a randomized pilot study of smartwatch-enabled remote monitoring versus no remote monitoring for 12 weeks. Those in the intervention group also received the SmokeBeat program. Pilot 2 included a randomized pilot study of pay-to-wear versus pay-to-quit for 4 weeks. Those in a pay-to-wear program could earn daily incentives for wearing the smartwatch, whereas those in pay-to-quit program could earn daily incentives if they wore the smartwatch and abstained from smoking. Pilot 3, similar to pilot 2, had higher incentives and a duration of 3 weeks.

Results
For pilot 1 (N=27), self-reported cigarettes per week among the intervention group declined by 15.1 (SD 27) cigarettes over the study; a similar reduction was observed in the control group with a decrease of 17.2 (SD 19) cigarettes. For pilot 2 (N=8), self-reported cigarettes per week among the pay-to-wear group decreased by 43 cigarettes (SD 12.6); a similar reduction was seen in the pay-to-quit group, with an average of 31 (SD 45.6) fewer cigarettes smoked per week. For pilot 3 (N=4), one participant in the pay-to-quit group abstained from smoking for the full study duration and received full incentives.

Conclusions
Decreases in smoking were observed in both the control and intervention groups during all pilots. The use of the SmokeBeat program did not significantly improve cessation. The SmokeBeat program, remote cotinine testing, and remote delivery of financial incentives were considered feasible and acceptable. Implementation challenges remain for providing evidence-based cessation incentives to low-income pregnant smokers. The feasibility and acceptability of the SmokeBeat program were moderately high. Moreover, the feasibility and acceptability of remote cotinine testing and the remotely delivered contingent financial incentives were successful.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03209557; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03209557.
The Impact of Public Health Events on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy on Chinese Social Media: National Infoveillance Study
Authors: Zhang Zizheng , Feng Guanrui , Xu Jiahong , Zhang Yimin , Li Jinhui , Huang Jian , Akinwunmi Babatunde , Zhang Casper J P , Ming Wai-kit 
Published: September 2021

Background
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to every country worldwide. A call for global vaccination for COVID-19 plays a pivotal role in the fight against this virus. With the development of COVID-19 vaccines, public willingness to get vaccinated has become an important public health concern, considering the vaccine hesitancy observed worldwide. Social media is powerful in monitoring public attitudes and assess the dissemination, which would provide valuable information for policy makers.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the responses of vaccine positivity on social media when major public events (major outbreaks) or major adverse events related to vaccination (COVID-19 or other similar vaccines) were reported.

Methods
A total of 340,783 vaccine-related posts were captured with the poster’s information on Weibo, the largest social platform in China. After data cleaning, 156,223 posts were included in the subsequent analysis. Using pandas and SnowNLP Python libraries, posts were classified into 2 categories, positive and negative. After model training and sentiment analysis, the proportion of positive posts was computed to measure the public positivity toward the COVID-19 vaccine.

Results
The positivity toward COVID-19 vaccines in China tends to fluctuate over time in the range of 45.7% to 77.0% and is intuitively correlated with public health events. In terms of gender, males were more positive (70.0% of the time) than females. In terms of region, when regional epidemics arose, not only the region with the epidemic and surrounding regions but also the whole country showed more positive attitudes to varying degrees. When the epidemic subsided temporarily, positivity decreased with varying degrees in each region.

Conclusions
In China, public positivity toward COVID-19 vaccines fluctuates over time and a regional epidemic or news on social media may cause significant variations in willingness to accept a vaccine. Furthermore, public attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination vary from gender and region. It is crucial for policy makers to adjust their policies through the use of positive incentives with prompt responses to pandemic-related news to promote vaccination acceptance.
Keabsahan Blockchain-Smart Contract Dalam Transaksi Elektronik: Indonesia, Amerika Dan Singapura
Authors: Kadly Eureka Inola , Rosadi Sinta Dewi , Gultom Elisatris 
Published: September 2021

Information technology changes people's habits in simple transactions to electronic systems (e-commerce). Along with technological developments, various new electronic contract innovations have emerged, one of which is the Blockchain-Smart Contract which relies on a decentralized ledger system in digital form that moves automatically (self-executing) using cryptocurrency on the blockchain. With its application in electronic transactions carried out without human intervention and based on computer code, it raises various questions regarding its validity as an electronic contract that is binding and enforceable both in the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) in Indonesia, as well as internationally in UNCITRAL's Legal Model on e-Commerce with the implementation of technology neutrality principles.