bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Predictive Maintenance for Robotics via Unsupervised Transfer Learning
Authors: Golibagh Mahyari Arash , Locher Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Industrial robots play an increasingly important role in a growing number of fields. Since the breakdown of a single robot may have a negative impact on the entire process, predictive maintenance systems have gained importance as an essential component of robotics service offerings. The main shortcoming of such systems is that features extracted from a task typically differ significantly from the learnt model of a different task, incurring false alarms. In this paper, we propose a novel solution based on transfer learning which addresses a well-known challenge in predictive maintenance algorithms by passing the knowledge of the trained model from one task to another in order to prevent the need for retraining and to eliminate such false alarms. The deployment of the proposed algorithm on real-world datasets demonstrates that the algorithm can not only distinguish between tasks and mechanical condition change, it further yields a sharper deviation from the trained model in case of a mechanical condition change and thus detects mechanical issues with higher confidence.
Towards Improving Open Student Answer Assessment using Pretrained Transformers
Authors: Ait Khayi Nisrine , Rus Vasile , Tamang Lasang 
Published: May 2021

The transfer learning pretraining-finetuning paradigm has revolutionized the natural language processing field yielding state-of the art results in several subfields such as text classification and question answering. However, little work has been done investigating pretrained language models for the open student answer assessment task. In this paper, we fine tune pretrained T5, BERT, RoBERTa, DistilBERT, ALBERT and XLNet models on the DT-Grade dataset which contains freely generated (or open) student answers together with judgment of their correctness. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of these models based on the transfer learning pretraining-finetuning paradigm for open student answer assessment. An improvement of 8%-15% in accuracy was obtained over previous methods. Particularly, a T5 based method led to state-of-the-art results with an accuracy and F1 score of 0.88.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЩОДО РОЗГЛДУ ТА ВИРІШЕННЯ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНИХ СПРАВ ЩОДО РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРАВА НА МИРНІ ЗІБРАННЯ
Authors: Кобрусєва Є. А. 
Published: May 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню особливостей провадження щодо розгляду та вирішення адміністра­тивних справ щодо реалізації права на мирні зібрання, адміністративно-правового забезпечення права на мир­ні зібрання.
Проілюстровано аналіз судових рішень, оскільки законодавець наділив повноваженнями встановлюва­ти обмеження щодо реалізації права на мирні зібрання тільки суд, який може скористатися ними відповідно до Конституції України лише в інтересах національної безпеки і публічного порядку.
У дослідженні наголошено на важливості забез­печення права на мирні зібрання та актуальності пи­тання виконання судових рішень у разі відкриття проваджень щодо обмеження права на мирні зібрання, розгляд яких зараховано до компетенції суду.
Географічно-політичне місце України у двигу­ні європейських перегонів великої політики диктує не зовсім простий (а подеколи й трагічний) шлях со­ціально-політичного руху соціуму громадян - брати безпосередню участь у вирішенні економічних та соці­альних програм.
Ураховуючи процеси становлення держави та три­валого реформування різних державних інституцій, свобода та право громадян на мирні зібрання ставить перед органами влади питання відповідності актив­ності громадян у вирішенні своєї участі на держав­ному та регіональному рівнях, відстоювання своїх інтересів шляхом вираження та донесення поглядів та незгоди до державних та місцевих структур влади. Постає питання законодавчого та практичного регу­лювання такого болісного питання, як відносини вла­ди та суспільства, шляхом урегулювання проведення мирних зібрань та активних («без зброї») акцій впливу на державні установи різного рівня.
Спираючись на міжнародний досвід урегулювання права на мирні зібрання, запропоновано шляхи підви­щення ефективності механізму адміністративно-пра­вового забезпечення права на мирні зібрання, які по­лягають у створенні внутрішньодержавного механізму контролю над дотриманням міжнародних стандартів прав та свобод людини, а також розвитку можливо­стей звернення до Європейського суду з прав людини, якщо та чи інша проблема не вирішена на національ­ному рівні. Доведено, що навіть досить невелике коло чинних норм, що закріплені у законодавчих актах різного рівня, які гарантують забезпечення права на мир­ні зібрання, часто виявляють певну неузгодженість у змісті окреслених прав, особливо з позицій суб’єктів права на свободу мирних зібрань: Конституція Укра­їни таким суб’єктом називає громадянина, а цивіль­не законодавство - фізичну особу. Доведено потребу у впровадженні міжнародних стандартів забезпечен­ня права на мирні зібрання, насамперед стандартів європейської спільноти, що пов’язано з євроінтегра- ційними прагненнями України. Адже впровадження європейських стандартів і дотримання їх суб’єктами публічної адміністрації є однією з передумов інтеграції України в європейський правовий простір.
Screening of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Sudan
Authors: AHMED MUSTAFA GADA MUSTAFA , YASSIN MUSTAFA ELTIGANI , SHAMI ASHWAG , RAHIM SAMAH ABDU 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and HIV infection is the most potent risk factor for the development of active TB disease from a latent TB infection. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of HIV among newly diagnosed TB patients in Kassala state eastern Sudan. This was a descriptive, hospital-based, cross-sectional study of 251 active and newly diagnosed TB patients, selected by simple random sampling. Blood samples and demographic data were collected from each patient. TB was diagnosed by direct ZN smear and molecular detection by Xpert MTB/RIF. The serum samples were tested for HIV using 4th generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of HIV was 13.9% (35/251), the infection rate among pulmonary TB was 17%, whereas that in extrapulmonary TB was 4.8%, the prevalence was (18.2%) in the males, and (7.2%) in the females. In conclusion: TB/HIV co-infection in the Eastern part of Sudan was high compared with the global prevalence, all TB patients should therefore be assessed for HIV risk factors and advised to undergo HIV testing.
A visão de estudantes concluintes do Ensino médio sobre fungos
Authors: Silva Aline da Costa , Gouw Ana Maria Santos 
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O presente estudo trata-se de uma investigação sobre as percepções que os estudantes concluintes do ensino médio apresentam dos fungos. Acredita-se que a escolha pelo público-alvo em questão possa oferecer indícios das possíveis contribuições da escola no que se refere ao ensino de micologia, já que o estudante está prestes a finalizar a educação básica. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Diadema/SP e contou com a participação de 305 estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas, que responderam um questionário de pesquisa sobre o tema. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que a maioria dos estudantes exibe uma visão dos aspectos negativos a respeito dos fungos, de forma a associá-los, predominantemente, a organismos causadores de doenças e exibindo pouco conhecimento da importância ecológica e econômica desses organismos. Uma concepção errônea comum entre os estudantes é a de que fungos são bactérias, não havendo diferenças entre esses organismos. É possível considerar também, que para uma parcela significativa dos estudantes, não é fácil ou natural falar sobre fungos, o que claramente evidencia a falta de familiaridade e conhecimento sobre o tema. Dessa forma, espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa fomentem e contribuam com discussões que visem melhorar a qualidade do ensino de biologia nas escolas, especialmente quando o assunto em questão forem os fungos.Palavras chave: Fungos; Ensino de Micologia; Ensino Médio; Percepção dos Alunos; Percepção Pública da Ciência. The view of high school students about fungi Abstract: The present study is aimed to investigate the perceptions of graduating high school students on fungi. Choosing this target audience is justified because they may provide evidence of the possible contributions of science education regarding the teaching of mycology, once the student is about to conclude basic education. It is important to underline that the research was developed in the city of Diadema, São Paulo state, Brazil, where 305 students from public and private schools were engaged by answering a research survey on the subject. The analysis of the results showed that most students have a negative view of fungi, and they associate them mostly with disease-causing organisms and show little knowledge of the ecological and economic importance of these beings. Another clear association that comprises the students' perception is the misconception that fungi are bacteria, and that there are no differences between these organisms. It is also possible to consider that for a significant part of the students it is not easy or natural to talk about fungi, which clearly shows the lack of familiarity and knowledge on the subject. Therefore, it is expected that the results of the present research will motivate and contribute to discussions aimed to improve the quality of Biology education in schools, especially when the subject in question is fungi.Keywords: Fungi; Mycology teaching; High school; Students Perception; Public Understanding of Science.
Motivación de los alumnos senegaleses en el aprendizaje del español.
Authors: DIOUF ABDOULAYE 
Published: May 2021

Es importante hacer hincapié en el problema de la motivación de los alumnos senegaleses para aprender el español como lengua extranjera. La experiencia académica ha demostrado la gran dificultad que
experimentan los educadores para motivar a los estudiantes en aulas generalmente abarrotadas, por lo tanto, a través de este artículo de reflexión, se revisan las diferentes definiciones de la motivación desde varios ángulos ante la dificultad de motivar a los alumnos que están aprendiendo español en un contexto de no inmersión, así, se ha abordado la estrategia de enseñar deleitando que es sin duda, una solución al problema de la motivación. Según este hecho, el papel del profesor no es solo proporcionar o difundir
conocimientos, sino también, en primer lugar, ser capaz de atraer la atención de los estudiantes y motivarlos a interesarse por los idiomas y aprenderlos. Pero, ¿qué pueden hacer los maestros para relajar y distraer la
clase de lenguas extranjeras sin que esto perjudique el nivel de aprendizaje? Es decir, ¿cómo pueden motivar a los estudiantes de L2 para que aprendan otro idioma y se abran unos a otros a una nueva cultura y pueden
convertirse en hablantes bilingües o políglotas? Estas preguntas llevarán, en primer lugar, a estudiar el impacto de los idiomas en el mundo y, particularmente, en Senegal. En segundo lugar, se hablará de las diferentes formas de motivación de los adolescentes al aprender un idioma extranjero. Finalmente, se abordará la estrategia de “enseñar deleitando”, como dice Philippe Meirieu en su obra Aprender Oui, mais
Comment?. Es esencial hacer una simbiosis entre una buena estrategia de aprendizaje y una alta motivación de los alumnos, dado que las condiciones del proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje son generalmente objeto de retroalimentación en el aula de idiomas.
The Prognostic Significance of Anemia in Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Studies From the Last Decade
Authors: Xia Haijiang , Shen Hongfeng , Cha Wei , Lu Qiaoli 
Published: May 2021

Background: Anemia is a commonly occurring comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). Although there are a few reports of a higher prevalence of mortality and hospitalization-related outcomes due to accompanying anemia, other studies suggest that anemia does not have an adverse impact on the prognostic outcomes of HF. Two meta-analyses in the past decade had reported the adverse impact of anemia on both mortality and hospitalization- related outcomes. However, only one of these studies had evaluated the outcome while using multivariable adjusted hazard ratios. Moreover, several studies since then reported the prognostic influence of anemia in HF. In this present study, we evaluate the prognostic impact of anemia on mortality and hospitalization outcomes in patients with HF.Methods: We carried out a systematic search of the academic literature in the scientific databases EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, ISI Web of Science, clinicaltrial.gov, and MEDLINE based on the PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis was then performed to evaluate the effect (presented as risk ratio) of anemia on the overall mortality and hospitalization outcome in patients with HF.Results: Out of 1,397 studies, 11 eligible studies were included with a total of 53,502 (20,615 Female, 32,887 Male) HF patients (mean age: 71.6 ± 8.3-years, Hemoglobin: 11.9 ± 1.5 g/dL). Among them, 19,794 patients suffered from anemia (Hb: 10.5 ± 1.6), and 33,708 patients did not have anemia (Hb: 13.2 ± 1.7 g/dL). A meta-analysis revealed a high-odds ratio (OR) for the overall mortality in patients with anemia (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.29–1.84). A high-risk ratio was also reported for hospitalization as the outcome in patients with anemia (1.22, 1.0–1.58).Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of the high risk of mortality and hospitalization-related outcomes in patients with HF and anemia. The study confirms the findings of previously published meta-analyses suggesting anemia as an important and independent risk factor delineating the prognostic outcome of chronic HF.
Albuminuria and Dipstick Proteinuria for Predicting Mortality in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liang Wei , Liu Qian , Wang Qiong-ying , Yu Heng , Yu Jing 
Published: May 2021

Background: Research suggest that albuminuria is not only an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure but may also act as a biomarker for predicting adverse outcomes. To date, no study has synthesized evidence on its role as a prognostic indicator. Thus, the current study aimed to quantitatively assess the prognostic utility of albuminuria as well as dipstick proteinuria in predicting mortality in heart failure patients.Methods: PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to October 10, 2020. All studies reporting multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for albuminuria or dipstick proteinuria for mortality and/or hospitalization in heart failure patients were included.Results: Eleven studies were included. Seven assessed albuminuria and five assessed dipstick proteinuria. Our analysis revealed a statistically significant increased risk of all-cause mortality with microalbuminuria (HR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.23–1.93; I2 = 79%; p = 0.0002) and macroalbuminuria (HR: 1.76; 95% CI, 1.21–2.56; I2 = 88%; p = 0.003) in heart failure patients. The risk of all-cause mortality and hospitalization was also significantly increased with macroalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria was associated with significantly increased cardiovascular mortality and combined cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. Positive dipstick test for proteinuria was significantly associated with mortality in heart failure (HR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.28–1.84; I2 = 67%; p &lt; 0.00001).Conclusion: Both microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria are predictors of mortality in patients with heart failure. Dipstick proteinuria may be used as a rapid screening test to predict mortality in these patients.
Maternal-Fetal HLA Compatibility in Uncomplicated and Preeclamptic Naturally Conceived Pregnancies
Authors: van ‘t Hof Liseanne J. , Schotvanger Naomi , Haasnoot Geert W. , van der Keur Carin , Roelen Dave L. , Lashley Lisa E. E. L. O. , Claas Frans H. J. , Eikmans Michael , van der Hoorn Marie-Louise P. 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionIn pregnancy, the mother and fetus differ in HLA antigens, and yet the maternal immune system generally tolerates the fetus. KIR receptors expressed by maternal uterine NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface directly interact with HLA-C on extravillous trophoblast cells for optimal placental development. In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a preferential selection for HLA compatibility and specific KIR/HLA-C combinations in uncomplicated and preeclamptic naturally conceived pregnancies compared to what would be expected by chance.MethodsGenotyping for maternal and fetal HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ, and maternal KIR was performed for 451 uncomplicated pregnancies and 77 pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. The number of HLA antigen (mis)matches between mother and fetus was calculated and compared to expected values obtained by randomization of the HLA haplotype, inherited from the father, over the existing maternal haplotype of the fetuses. A similar methodology was executed for analysis of the KIR/HLA-C data (n=309).ResultsIn uncomplicated pregnancies, the degree of maternal-fetal HLA matching was not different than expected-by-chance values. In preeclamptic pregnancies, the degree of maternal-fetal HLA matching was different in observed compared to expected-by-chance values (p=0.012). More specifically, the degree of maternal-fetal matching of HLA-C was higher in the actual preeclamptic pregnancies than was expected-by-chance (p=0.007). Preeclamptic pregnancies showed an overall tendency towards higher maternal-fetal HLA compatibility, for total HLA matches (p=0.021), HLA class I (p=0.038) and HLA-C (p=0.025) compared to uncomplicated pregnancies.ConclusionThe data suggest that there is no preferential selection of maternal-fetal HLA compatibility in uncomplicated pregnancies. In contrast, increased total HLA, HLA class I and, especially, HLA-C compatibility is associated with preeclampsia, suggestive for a role of HLA mismatches in immune regulation leading to uncomplicated pregnancy.
Optimized Application of 68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-617 Whole-Body PET/CT and Pelvic PET/MR in Prostate Cancer Initial Diagnosis and Staging
Authors: Qin Chunxia , Gai Yongkang , Liu Qingyao , Ruan Weiwei , Liu Fang , Hu Fan , Zhang Xiaoping , Lan Xiaoli 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To analyze 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT or PET/MR and delayed PET/MR images in patients diagnosed with or suspicion of prostate cancer, and to explore the optimal use of PET/CT and PET/MR for initial diagnosis and staging in prostate cancer.Methods: Images from conventional scan by 68Ga-PSMA whole-body PET/CT or PET/MR followed by delayed pelvic PET/MR were retrospectively analyzed. Prostatic 68Ga-PSMA uptake was measured as SUVmax1 (conventional scan 1 h post injection) and SUVmax2 (delayed scan 3 h post injection). Age, PSA levels, and SUVmax were compared between benign and malignant cases. The correlation of SUVmax1 and SUVmax2 was analyzed. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by ROC analysis.Results: Fifty-six patients with 41 prostate cancers and 15 benign prostate lesions were enrolled. Fifty-three patients had paired conventional and delayed scans. Age, tPSA, fPSA levels, and SUVmax were significantly different between benign and malignant cases. A good correlation was found between SUVmax1 and SUVmax2. There was significant difference between SUVmax1 and SUVmax2 in the malignant group (p = 0.001). SUVmax1 had superior diagnostic performance than SUVmax2, SUVmax difference and PSA levels, with a sensitivity of 85.4%, a specificity of 100% and an AUC of 0.956. A combination of SUVmax1 with nodal and/or distant metastases and MR PI-RADS V2 score had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Delayed pelvic PET/MR imaging in 33 patients were found to be redundant because these patients had nodal and/or distant metastases which can be easily detected by PET/CT. PET/MR provided incremental value in 8 patients at early-stage prostate cancer based on precise anatomical localization and changes in lesion signal provided by MR.Conclusion: Combined 68Ga-PSMA whole-body PET/CT and pelvic PET/MR can accurately differentiate benign prostate diseases from prostate cancer and accurately stage prostate cancer. Whole-body PET/CT is sufficient for advanced prostate cancer. Pelvic PET/MR contributes to diagnosis and accurate staging in early prostate cancer. Imaging at about 1 h after injection is sufficient in most patients.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03756077. Registered 27 November 2018—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03756077.
Reprogramming of the Caseinolytic Protease by ADEP Antibiotics: Molecular Mechanism, Cellular Consequences, Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Brötz-Oesterhelt Heike , Vorbach Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Rising antibiotic resistance urgently calls for the discovery and evaluation of novel antibiotic classes and unique antibiotic targets. The caseinolytic protease Clp emerged as an unprecedented target for antibiotic therapy 15 years ago when it was observed that natural product-derived acyldepsipeptide antibiotics (ADEP) dysregulated its proteolytic core ClpP towards destructive proteolysis in bacterial cells. A substantial database has accumulated since on the interaction of ADEP with ClpP, which is comprehensively compiled in this review. On the molecular level, we describe the conformational control that ADEP exerts over ClpP, the nature of the protein substrates degraded, and the emerging structure-activity-relationship of the ADEP compound class. On the physiological level, we review the multi-faceted antibacterial mechanism, species-dependent killing modes, the activity against carcinogenic cells, and the therapeutic potential of the compound class.