bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Method for Rapid Detection of Carburization Degree of Fe–Cr–Ni Series High-Temperature Heat-Resistant Alloy
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Xuedong , Chen Junhai , Zhang Jihong , Liu Chunjiao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rapid detection technology of the carburization of Fe–Cr–Ni high-temperature heat-resistant alloys in the ethylene cracking furnace and the hydrogen conversion furnace is in great need to prevent industrial accident. This paper implemented the GMRI-I carburizing detector to test the degree of carburization of 25Cr35NiNb+ microalloy inlet tube and 35Cr45NiNb+ microalloy outlet tube of the ethylene cracking furnace after service as well as the reinforced joint made of UNS N08810 from the hydrogen-producing reformer. In conjunction with the results of the low-power acid corrosion test, a rapid detection method for the degree of carburization was proposed. Based on the experimental results of the carburizing detector and the laboratory test data, the carburization degree test curve of the above three alloys based on the magnetic field strength has been established. The detection accuracy was circa. 5% and the error was ±10%, which is convenient for guiding the use and replacement of Fe–Cr–Ni high-temperature heat-resistant alloy materials for ethylene cracking furnace and hydrogen conversion furnace, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the device.
Soluble ST2 concentrations associate with in-hospital mortality and need for mechanical ventilation in unselected patients with COVID-19
Authors: Omland Torbjorn , Prebensen Christian , Jonassen Christine , Svensson My , Berdal Jan Erik , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Myhre Peder Langeland 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveSoluble ST2 (sST2) reflects inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis, is produced in the lungs and is an established biomarker in heart failure. We sought to determine the role of sST2 in COVID-19 by assessing pathophysiological correlates and its association to in-hospital outcomes.MethodsWe enrolled 123 consecutive, hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in the prospective, observational COVID-19 MECH study. Biobank samples were collected at baseline, day 3 and day 9. The key exposure variable was sST2, and the outcome was ICU treatment with mechanical ventilation or in-hospital death.ResultsConcentrations of sST2 at baseline was median 48 (IQR 37–67) ng/mL, and 74% had elevated concentrations (>37.9 ng/mL). Higher baseline sST2 concentrations were associated with older age, male sex, white race, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Baseline sST2 also associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viraemia, lower oxygen saturation, higher respiratory rate and increasing concentrations of biomarkers reflecting inflammation, thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. During the hospitalisation, 8 (7%) patients died and 27 (22%) survivors received intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Baseline sST2 concentrations demonstrated a graded association with disease severity (median, IQR): medical ward 43 (36–59) ng/mL; ICU 67 (39–104) ng/mL and non-survivors 107 (72–116) ng/mL (p<0.001 for all comparisons). These associations persisted at day 3 and day 9 .ConclusionssST2 concentrations associate with SARS-CoV-2 viraemia, hypoxaemia and concentrations of inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers. There was a robust association between baseline sST2 and disease severity that was independent of, and superior to, established risk factors. sST2 reflects key pathophysiology and may be a promising biomarker in COVID-19.Trial registration numberNCT04314232.
Energy Balance–Related Factors and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Expressing Different Levels of Proteins Involved in the Warburg Effect
Authors: Jenniskens Josien C.A. , Offermans Kelly , Simons Colinda C.J.M. , Samarska Iryna , Fazzi Gregorio E. , Smits Kim M. , Schouten Leo J. , Weijenberg Matty P. , Grabsch Heike I. , van den Brandt Piet A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Energy balance–related factors [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, physical activity] have been associated with colorectal cancer risk. Warburg effect activation via PI3K/Akt signaling is one of the proposed mechanisms. We investigated whether energy balance–related factors were associated with risk of Warburg subtypes in colorectal cancer.

Methods:
We investigated this using immunohistochemistry for six proteins involved in the Warburg effect (LDHA, GLUT1, MCT4, PKM2, P53, PTEN) on tissue microarrays of 2,399 incident colorectal cancer cases from the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study (ntotal = 120,852; nsubcohort = 5,000; aged 55–69 in 1986; 20.3 years follow-up). Data analyses included 3,911 subcohort members and 1,972 colorectal cancer cases with complete covariate data. Expression levels of all proteins were combined into a pathway-based sum score and categorized into three “Warburg subtypes” (Warburg-low/moderate/high). Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate associations of BMI, clothing size (waist circumference proxy), and physical activity with Warburg subtypes in colorectal cancer.

Results:
BMI and clothing size were positively associated with Warburg-moderate and Warburg-high colon cancer risk in men (Pheterogeneity = 0.192). In women, clothing size was positively associated with Warburg-low and Warburg-high colon cancer (Pheterogeneity = 0.005). Nonoccupational physical activity was inversely associated with Warburg-low and Warburg-moderate colon cancer in women (Pheterogeneity = 0.045), but positively associated with Warburg-high rectal cancer in men (Pheterogeneity = 0.089).

Conclusions:
The Warburg effect might be involved in associations between adiposity and colon cancer risk, though additional mechanisms could be at play in women as well. The inverse association between physical activity and colon cancer might be explained by mechanisms other than the Warburg effect.

Impact:
Further research is needed to reproduce these results and investigate possible additional mechanisms.
To Give or to Receive? The Role of Giver Versus Receiver on Object Tracking and Object Preferences in Children and Adults
Authors: Noles Nicholaus S. , Gelman Susan A. , Stilwell Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For adults, ownership is a concept that rests on principles and connections that apply broadly – whether the owner is the self or someone else, and whether the self is giver or receiver. The present studies tested whether preschool children likewise treat ownership in this abstract fashion. In Experiment 1, 20 children and 24 adults were assigned to be either “givers” or “receivers.” They were then asked to identify which items they and the researcher owned. In Experiment 2, 20 children and 24 adults were asked which items they and the experimenter liked best. In both experiments, participants’ judgments were not influenced by their role (giver vs. receiver), but were more adult-like when reasoning about self-owned than other-owned objects. These data suggest that intuitions about property ownership are initially egocentric – biased toward linking objects to one’s self – and then extend to others over the course of development.
The Conflicted City
Authors: Tadié Jérôme 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As a megacity, Jakarta has enjoyed mixed forms of residential neighbourhoods, in which the kampungs used to prevail. After a period of kampung rehabilitation, relocation programmes intensified in Jakarta in the 1980s, influenced by the Singaporean model and paradigmatic shifts in international policies for housing for the poor. As a reaction, various local NGO s have proposed alternative solutions to what can seem a hegemonic international trend. Starting from the imposition of international models for housing for the poor, this paper studies how local NGO s in Jakarta have tried to negotiate these hegemonic global shifts and to propose other types of solutions. It first analyses the context of urban transformation in the central zones and the eradication of several kampungs. It then addresses the NGO s’ alternative visions of the city and its future, before showing how these visions are deeply rooted in formal and informal networks specific to the Indonesian context.
Exploring the Possible Contributions of the African Palaver towards a Participatory Synodal Church
Authors: Ilo Stan Chu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This essay argues for a participatory synodal Church and the possible contributions of the African palaver as a model for participatory dialogue in the Roman Catholic Church. The African palaver is the art of conversation, dialogue, and consensus-building in traditional society that can be appropriated in the current search for a more inclusive and expansive participatory dialogue at all levels of the life of the Church. I will develop this essay first by briefly exploring some theological developments on synodality between the Second Vatican Council and Pope Francis and some of the contributions of the reforms of Pope Francis to synodality in the Church. Secondly, I will identify how the African palaver functions through examples taken from two African ethnic groups. I will proceed to show how the African palaver could enter into dialogue with other new approaches to participatory dialogue for a synodal Church.
Reading the Bible Together with Muslims: David as Sinner King and Repentant Prophet
Authors: Steenbrink† Karel A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Jewish, Christian and Muslim traditions share many stories. The narratives about Adam, Abraham, Moses, Solomon and many others are modelled one after the other. During the last decades much attention has been given to the ‘three religions of Abraham’ as sharing the heritage of that great biblical figure. This contribution concentrates on the stories of David in the three religions as expression of the one hermeneutic family. It pleads that Jews and Christians take the Muslim reinterpretation of their heritage serious.
The EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime: between Self Help and Global Governance
Authors: Tilahun Nathanael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
By adopting a Global Human Rights Sanctions regime, the European Union took a new step in leveraging its power to respond to human rights violations globally. The regime has a general scope, and targets both state and non-state actors. This paper shows that this regime occupies a tension zone between two competing approaches to sanctions: a self-help approach that perceives sanctions as deriving authority from states’ sovereignty and subservient to their foreign policy, and a global governance approach that views sanctions as deriving authority from and bound by the objectives of specific international legal regimes they enforce. The tension between these approaches comes into stark view when constructing the listing criteria and policy objectives of the sanctions, which determine the scope of targets and duration of measures. Whether and how subsequent practice resolves this tension will be determined by certain legislative and interpretive moves by the EU Council and Court.
Studying Ibn Sīnā, Performing Abulafia in a Mid-Sixteenth-Century Prison: Emotional, Medical, and Mystical Bodies between Italy and Silesia
Authors: Jánošíková Magdaléna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Historians often address knowledge transfer in two ways: as an extension and continuation of an established tradition, or as the tradition’s modification in an act of individual reception. This article explores the tension between the two approaches through a case study of Eliezer Eilburg. It traces the footsteps of a sixteenth-century German Jew and his study of the late medieval Hebrew medical and mystical literature composed in the wider Mediterranean. As it uncovers the cultural, political, and social processes shaping knowledge transfer between various Jewish cultures and geographies, the article highlights the receiver’s individual agency. Under the thickly described intellectual traditions, it is the receiver’s lived experience that allows historians to grasp the impact of knowledge on the lives of premodern people—the impact on their body and its relation to the world and to God. Building this argument, this article problematizes the relationship between theory and practice.
On the Question of the Continuity of Saite Traditions in Dynasty 30 (Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum E.5.1909; Brooklyn, Brooklyn Museum 56.152)
Authors: Belova Galina Alexandrovna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When W.M. Flinders Petrie excavated the Palace of Apries he uncovered a limestone block with inscriptions on both sides. This block was published in 1909 and is now kept in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. Bernard Bothmer first compared the Cambridge block to another one kept in the Brooklyn Museum. He emphasized that they correspond closely and that the representations differ only minutely. After Bothmer’s publication, both artifacts were considered as originally parts of a single structure. In this contribution the function of the monument of which this block was originally a part will be investigated. The proposed interpretation gives rise to a new reading of religious representations of the ancient Egyptians. It is not about overcoming the barriers of the underworld, but about the practical use of spirits. The texts tell us about the Egyptian belief in affiliating oneself with the spirit of an important person for using it for personal purposes.
Exploring the Effects of Implementing a Research-Based SSI Program on Students’ Understanding of SSI and Willingness to Act
Authors: Choi Yunhee , Lee Hyunju 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of a research-based SSI program on fostering students’ understanding of issues and their willingness to act. Twenty-five middle school students voluntarily participated in the program on the issue of artificial food additives over 6 months. The data were collected by means of interviews with the students, field notes, and students’ artifacts such as SSI maps and journals. Results indicated that students’ research experiences helped them widen their understanding of the issues and feel more connectedness to the issue and motivated to explore the hidden nature of the issue as they conducted their research. They found various stakeholders in the food industry and business network and discovered how individual stakeholders would be affected within the network. They also became aware of the inequality and injustice that arose in the network. In addition, their experience of executing research increased their confidence and willingness to act for resolving contentious issues.
說「藜蒿」
Authors: 魏 鋼強 
Published: December 2021

摘要
「藜蒿」，野生草本，嫩莖可食，為南昌名蔬。「藜蒿」是方言俗寫，有的地區叫「蘆蒿」，其實就是「蔞蒿」（Artemisia selengensis）。但「藜蒿」的「藜」與《廣韻》落侯切的「蔞」（今音 lóu）讀音不符，且具蔞蒿義的「蔞」也未能在古代典籍中見到讀落侯切的堅強實例。比對不同方言「藜～蒿 / 蘆～蒿」和「驢」「廬」諸字語音的平行變化，可以確定「藜～蒿 / 蘆～蒿」來自《廣韻》力朱切的「蔞」。由於方言語音構造的制約，才有了「藜蒿」和「蘆蒿」這樣的音讀。從看似不規則的方言異讀出發，區分新舊層次，就能還原歷史語音構造，從新的視角窺見方言語音演變的清晰軌跡。
懷嶽片贛語咸山攝開口知系字元音高化現象考察
Authors: 徐 建 
Published: December 2021

摘要
懷嶽片贛語咸山攝開口知系字元音往往高化，韻母今讀ɛn或en。東南方言中，咸山攝開口知三章組字元音高化存在閩粵型、吳湘型和客贛型的差別。懷嶽片贛語屬於客贛型，繼承自洪武移民時期的贛語，客贛方言咸山攝開口知三章組字元音高化可以追溯至唐宋時期。
論南方漢語的重行體標記「過」
Authors: 遠藤 雅裕 
Published: December 2021

摘要
「過」可以構成「V過」短語，表示以V所指的位移方式跨越某處。包括臺灣海陸客語在內的南方漢語的這種短語亦可表示“為了修正或補償再做一次V所指的動作”，如，「寫過」表示“再寫一次”。這種「過」稱為重行體標記或補償體標記（簡稱“重行「過」”）。本文主要對以往的研究補充一些臺灣客語的共時層面和歷時層面的重行「過」的材料，並討論以海陸客語為中心的南方漢語的重行「過」的詞義以及語法化途徑。結論為：重行「過」的核心語義為“謂語動詞所指的動作行為從頭到尾做一遍，做得完善”，而“再做”義和“修正”義等是通過“語境引發的重新解釋”(Heine & Kuteva 2002:2) 而產生的。這有兩種途徑。一種是，「過」常與「重新」、「再」、「再過」等“再做”義副詞共現，構成「再V過」等格式，而在這個格式裡副詞的“再做”義沾染到「過」字上。另一種是，「V過」常用在需要通過再做已經做過的動作而加以修正的語境裡。這種語境會促使「過」獲得“再做”義和“修正”義。這種「過」有可能派生於南宋《朱子語類》中的“從頭到尾做一遍”義的「過」（楊永龍2001）。重行「過」具體的語法化步驟如下：(i)作為趨向補語表示跨越空間或時間；(ii)作為趨向補語和體標記，表示V所指的動作從頭到尾做一遍；(iii)作為體標記，表示為了修正或補償再做一次V所指的動作；(iv)作為體標記，只表示再做一次某種動作。
Measuring the Size of the U.S. Jewish Population: New Estimates from a Pew Research Center Survey of Jewish Americans
Authors: Hackett Conrad , Ausubel Jacob 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents new estimates of the U.S. Jewish population based on a 2019–2020 Pew Research Center survey, which used a stratified address-based sample of all Americans to screen more than 68,000 respondents and complete full interviews with more than 5,800 adults who are Jewish or have some kind of connection to Judaism. We estimate there are about 5.8 million adult Jews living in the United States, including 4.2 million who identify as Jewish by religion and 1.5 million who are Jews of no religion. In addition, 1.8 million children live with at least one adult Jew and are being raised Jewish in some way. Altogether, about 7.5 million people, or 2.4% of the total U.S. population, are Jewish. We present population estimates for additional detailed categories of Jewish adults and children in Jewish households that are not available in any other recent source.
Projecting Global Religious Populations, 2020–50
Authors: Johnson Todd M. , Crossing Peter F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article presents a series of projections for religious communities worldwide from 2020 to 2050. It offers details related to the projection methodology used to generate the estimates and comments on trends and patterns among Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, agnostics, and atheists. It concludes with suggestions on how such projections might be improved in the future.
Transoral Complete vs Partial Excision of the Sublingual Gland for Plunging Ranula
Authors: Roh Jong‐Lyel 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesPlunging ranula is a pseudocyst of saliva extravasated from the sublingual gland (SLG) to the submandibular space. This is treated by transoral excision of the SLG or transcervical cyst excision that might differently affect surgical morbidity and recurrence. This study compared the clinical outcomes of complete vs partial excision of the SLG for plunging ranula.Study DesignA nonrandomized comparative study.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsThis study included 42 patients with plunging ranula who underwent complete or partial excision of the SLG with the evacuation of cystic content. Two surgical methods of complete or partial SLG resection were alternatively allocated to consecutive patients without randomization. The primary outcome was a postoperative recurrence. Secondary outcomes were operation time and complications.ResultsComplete and partial excision of the SLG was performed in 22 and 20 patients, respectively, without injury to the Wharton’s duct or the lingual nerve. Postoperative complications in 42 patients were minor with temporary events: hematoma, 1 (5%); tongue numbness, 2 (5%); dysgeusia, 4 (9%); and dysphagia, 2 (5%), which did not differ between patients with complete and partial excision of the SLG (P >. 1). However, recurrence occurred in only 5 of 20 patients with partial SLG excision but none of 22 patients with complete SLG excision for a median follow‐up of 36 months.ConclusionsComplete SLG excision is preferred over partial SLG excision to treat plunging ranula for reducing postsurgical risks of complications and recurrence.
Risk factors for delirium in adult patients receiving specialist palliative care: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Featherstone Imogen , Sheldon Trevor , Johnson Miriam , Woodhouse Rebecca , Boland Jason W , Hosie Annmarie , Lawlor Peter , Russell Gregor , Bush Shirley , Siddiqi Najma 
Published: December 2021

Background: Delirium is common and distressing for patients receiving palliative care. Interventions targetting modifiable risk factors in other settings have been shown to prevent delirium. Research on delirium risk factors in palliative care can inform context-specific risk-reduction interventions. Aim: To investigate risk factors for the development of delirium in adult patients receiving specialist palliative care. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42019157168). Data sources: CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO (1980-2021) were searched for studies reporting the association of risk factors with delirium incidence/prevalence for patients receiving specialist palliative care. Study risk of bias and certainty of evidence for each risk factor were assessed. Results: Of 28 included studies, 16 conducted only univariate analysis, 12 conducted multivariate analysis. The evidence for delirium risk factors was limited with low to very low certainty. Potentially modifiable risk factors: Opioids and lower performance status were positively associated with delirium, with some evidence also for dehydration, hypoxaemia, sleep disturbance, liver dysfunction and infection. Mixed, or very limited, evidence was found for some factors targetted in multicomponent prevention interventions: sensory impairments, mobility, catheter use, polypharmacy (single study), pain, constipation, nutrition (mixed evidence). Non-modifiable risk factors: Older age, male sex, primary brain cancer or brain metastases and lung cancer were positively associated with delirium. Conclusions: Findings may usefully inform interventions to reduce delirium risk but more high quality prospective cohort studies are required to enable greater certainty about associations of different risk factors with delirium during specialist palliative care.
One-year post-operative comparison of visual function and patient satisfaction with trifocal and extended depth of focus intraocular lenses
Authors: Law Elizabeth M. , Aggarwal Rajesh K. , Buckhurst Hetal , Kasaby Hosam E. , Marsden Jonathan , Shum Gary , Buckhust Phillip J. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose To evaluate visual performance with trifocal and extended depth of focus IOL at 1 year post-operatively. Setting BMI Southend Hospital. Design Cohort study. Methods An age-matched cohort of forty subjects bilaterally implanted with the AT LISA 839MP trifocal IOL (20 patients, 40 eyes) and the Tecnis Symfony extended depth of focus IOL (20 patients, 40 eyes) were assessed at 3–6 months and 12–18 months post-operatively. Primary outcome measures were distance (6 m), intermediate (70 cm), near visual acuity (40 cm), and analysis of defocus profiles. Secondary outcomes included contrast sensitivity, Radner reading performance, quality of vision and assessment of halos. Results Distance visual acuity (VA) and defocus areas were similar ( p = 0.07). No significant difference in intermediate VA was noted but the intermediate area of focus was greater in the EDoF (0.31 ± 0.12 LogMAR*m−1) compared to the trifocal (0.22 ± 0.08LogMAR*m−1) ( p = 0.02). However, all near metrics were significantly better in the trifocal group. 80% of trifocal subjects were spectacle independent compared to 50% EDoF subjects. Quality of vision questionnaire found no significant differences between groups, however halo scores were greater at 3–6 months in the trifocal group ( p < 0.01) but no differences were noted at 12–18 months. Conclusions Near vision is significantly better for the trifocal, thus greater levels of spectacle independence. The range of intermediate vision was greater for the EDoF but no difference in intermediate VA. In the early period, differences in contrast sensitivity and halo size/intensity were noted, however, by one-year these measures were not significantly different.