bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating ecosystem metabolism and consumer allochthony reveals nonlinear drivers in lake organic matter processing
Authors: Holgerson Meredith A. , Hovel Rachel A. , Kelly Patrick T. , Bortolotti Lauren E. , Brentrup Jennifer A. , Bellamy Amber R. , Oliver Samantha K. , Reisinger Alexander J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLakes process both terrestrial and aquatic organic matter, and the relative contribution from each source is often measured via ecosystem metabolism and terrestrial resource use in the food web (i.e., consumer allochthony). Yet, ecosystem metabolism and consumer allochthony are rarely considered together, despite possible interactions and potential for them to respond to the same lake characteristics. In this study, we compiled global datasets of lake gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and zooplankton allochthony to compare the strength and shape of relationships with physicochemical characteristics across a broad set of lakes. GPP was positively related to total phosphorus (TP) in lakes with intermediate TP concentrations (11–75 μg L−1) and was highest in lakes with intermediate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. While ER and GPP were strongly positively correlated, decoupling occurred at high DOC concentrations. Lastly, allochthony had a unimodal relationship with TP and related variably to DOC. By integrating metabolism and allochthony, we identified similar change points in GPP and zooplankton allochthony at intermediate DOC (4.5–10 mg L−1) and TP (8–20 μg L−1) concentrations, indicating that allochthony and GPP may be coupled and inversely related. The ratio of DOC:nutrients also helped to identify conditions where lake organic matter processing responded more to autochthonous or allochthonous organic matter sources. As lakes globally face eutrophication and browning, predicting how lake organic matter processing will respond requires an updated paradigm that incorporates nonlinear dynamics and interactions.
A Nonlocal Effective Medium Description of Topological Weyl Metamaterials
Authors: Liu Yachao , Wang Guo Ping , Zhang Shuang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEffective medium theory lays the foundation for the development of metamaterials—artificially engineered photonic medium with subwavelength building blocks. However, the nonlocal effects, which are difficult to be incorporated into the effective medium description, are usually unavoidable in most metamaterial systems due to the finite lattice constant, preventing a precise modeling of wave propagation inside a metamaterial of large scale. On the other hand, recent development shows that nonlocal effect is essential for designing certain topological photonic systems such as ideal Weyl metamaterial. The properties of topological metamaterials rely on nonlocal effects, which, for example, determine whether a Weyl degeneracy formed by the linear crossing between a longitudinal and a transverse mode belongs to type I or type II. Here a nonlocal effective medium description of topological metamaterials is developed. For the first time, it is possible to calculate the wave propagation inside this complex medium in a large‐scale based on general numerical programs. To show the potential of the approach, wave propagation inside and at the boundary of a photonic ideal Weyl system are thoroughly studied in this work. By reformulating the electric field equation, the method paves the way toward comprehensive engineering of metamaterials with unrestricted nonlocality.
Direct‐Ink‐Writing of Electroactive Polymers for Sensing and Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Pinto Rafael S. , Serra João P. , Barbosa João C. , Gonçalves Renato , Silva Maria M. , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu , Costa Carlos M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConsidering the high levels of materials used in the fields of electronics and energy storage systems, it is increasingly necessary to take into consideration environmental impact. Thus, it is important to develop devices based on environmentally friendlier materials and/or processes, such as additive manufacturing techniques. In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) are prepared by direct‐ink‐writing (DIW) by varying solvent evaporation temperature and fill density percentage. Different morphologies for both polymers are obtained, including dense films and porous membranes, as well as different electroactive β‐phase content, thermal and mechanical properties. The dielectric constant and piezoelectric d33 coefficient for dense films reaches up to 16 at 1 kHz and 4 pC N−1, respectively for PVDF‐HFP with a fill density of 80 and a solvent evaporation temperature of 50 °C. Porous structures are developed for battery separator membranes in lithium‐ion batteries, with a highest ionic conductivity value of 3.8 mS cm−1 for the PVDF‐HFP sample prepared with a fill density of 100 and a solvent evaporation temperature of 25 °C, the sample showing an excellent cycling performance. It is demonstrated that electroactive films and membranes can be prepared by direct‐ink writing suitable for sensors/actuators and energy storage systems.
COVID‐19 critical success factors in Indian healthcare industry—A DEMATEL approach
Authors: Gedam Vidyadhar , Raut Rakesh , Inamdar Zeeshan , Narkhede Balkrishna , Dharaskar Swapnil , Narvane Vaibhav 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe prosed study aims to provide COVID‐19 critical success factors (CSF) associated with pandemic circumstances in the Indian healthcare industry (HCI). The CSF was identified via expert team inputs and a detailed literature review. The Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used to determine the causal relationship between identified CSF. The methodology was supported by the case study of the Indian HCI. A total of 15 CSF in the Indian HCI during COVID‐19 are identified and prioritized using the DEMATEL method. The findings indicate that the high‐quality personal protective equipment (PPEs; LC8) and testing laboratories/facilities, centres, and kits (LC15) are the significant cause, and appropriate healthcare laws (LC13) are the least effect group. The study shows that policy and decision‐makers need to emphasize on LC8 and LC15 CSF in the Indian HCI and act accordingly to win the battle against post‐COVID‐19 circumstance. The policy/decision‐makers and healthcare administrations can identify the CSF and focus on that particular CSF. The identified CSF will help policy and decision‐makers swiftly build up the HCI to cope with the future pandemic.
A meta‐analysis evaluating risk factors for compound free flaps for upper extremity defect reconstruction comparing complications and functional outcomes of compound free flaps with and without bone components
Authors: Zhang Ying , Gazyakan Emre , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Fischer Sebastian , Bigdeli Amir K. , Marks Patrick Will , Kneser Ulrich , Hirche Christoph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompound flaps offer the advantage of one stage defect reconstruction respecting all relevant tissues and early functional recovery by optimal vascularity of all components. Due to its specific vascular anatomy and the three‐dimensional donor site, compound flaps with bone components may result in higher complication rates compared to soft tissue compound flaps. The meta‐analysis summarizes the available evidence and evaluates whether bone components are a risk factor for periprocedural complications in upper extremity multidimensional defect reconstruction.MethodPubMed and Embase were searched for all publications addressing compound free flaps for upper extremity defect reconstruction with bone or soft tissue components published between January 1988 and May 2018. The methodological quality was assessed with the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Evidence Rating Scale for Therapeutic Studies. Flap loss, thrombosis rate, early infection, hematoma, seroma, as well as donor site complications were extracted and analyzed.ResultsTwelve out of 1157 potentially eligible studies (evidence‐III) comprising 159 patients were finally included with publication bias for all summarized complication rates. Complication rates for flaps with/ without bone components were: total flap loss 5%, 95% CI = 3%–10% (6%/5%); partial flap loss 8%, 95% CI = 5%–15%, (9%/8%); arterial/venous thrombosis 7%, 95% CI = 4%–12%, (8%/5%)/14%, 95% CI = 9%–21% (16%/6%, P < .05) with higher risk for flaps with bone components; infection 6%, 95% CI = 3%–12% (6%/6%); hematoma 6%, 95% CI = 3%–11% (6%/5%); seroma 5%, 95% CI = 3%–10% (5%/5%); dehiscence 10%, 95% CI = 6%–17% (11%/9%).ConclusionCompound flaps for upper extremity defect reconstruction including bone components have a higher venous thrombosis rate compared to compound soft‐tissue flaps.
NODDI highlights recovery mechanisms in white and gray matter in ischemic stroke following human stem cell treatment
Authors: Bagdasarian F. Andrew , Yuan Xuegang , Athey Jacob , Bunnell Bruce A. , Grant Samuel C. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeDiffusion MRI offers insight into ischemic stroke progression in both human and rodent models. However, diffusion MRI to evaluate therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells is limited. Robust analytical techniques are required to identify potential physiological changes as a function of cell therapy in stroke. Here, we seek to establish Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) as a feasible method in evaluating stroke evolution in response to cell‐based therapeutics.MethodsDiffusion MRI data at 21.1T were acquired from 16 male rats. Rats were grouped randomly: naïve (baseline, N = 5), stroke with injections of phosphate buffered saline (N = 6), stroke with injection of 2D human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC, N = 5). Data were acquired on days 1, 3, 7, and 21 post‐surgery. DTI and NODDI maps were generated, with regions of interest placed in the ischemic hemisphere external capsule and striatum. Diffusion parameters were compared between groups each day, and within groups across hemispheres and longitudinally. Behavioral characterizations were on days 0 (pre‐surgery), 3, 7, 14, and 21.ResultsThe 2D hMSC preserved diffusional restriction in the external capsule compared to saline (day 1: MD,P= .4060; AD,P= .0220). NODDI indicates that hMSC may have preserved intracellular volume fractions (ICVF: day 1,P= .0086; day 3,P= .0021; day 21,P= .0383). Diffusion metrics of hMSC treated animals were comparable to naïve for the external capsule.ConclusionsNODDI compliments DTI metrics, enhances interpretation of tissue outcome in ischemic stroke following hMSC application, and may be useful in evaluating or predicting therapeutic response.
Nerve ultrasound evaluation of Guillain‐Barré syndrome subtypes in northern China
Authors: Liu Li , Ye Yuqin , Wang Lijuan , Song Xiaonan , Cao Jie , Qi Yajie , Xing Yingqi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsUltrasound (US) studies have demonstrated patchy enlargement of spinal and peripheral nerves in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). However, whether ultrasound yields useful information for early classification of GBS has not been established. We aimed to evaluate nerve ultrasound in patients with GBS in northern China and compare the sonographic characteristics between demyelinating and axonal subtypes.MethodsBetween November 2018 and October 2019, 38 hospitalized GBS patients within 3 wk of disease onset and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Ultrasonographic cross‐sectional areas (CSA) of the peripheral nerves, vagus nerve, and cervical nerve roots were prospectively recorded in GBS subtypes and controls.ResultsUltrasonographic CSA exhibited significant enlargement in most patients' nerves compared with healthy controls, most prominent in cervical nerves. The CSA tended to be larger in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) than in acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN)/acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), especially in cervical nerves (C5: 5.9 ± 1.6 mm2 vs. 7.0 ± 1.7 mm2, p = .042; C6: 10.5 ± 1.8 mm2 vs. 12.0 ± 2.1 mm2, p = .033). The chi‐squared test revealed significant differences in nerve enlargement in C5 (p < .001), C6 (p < .001), the proximal median nerve (p < .001), and the vagus nerve (p = .003) between GBS and controls. The vagus nerve was larger in patients with autonomic dysfunction than in patients without it (2.3 ± 1.0 mm2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5 mm2, p = .003).DiscussionThe demyelinating subtype presented with more significant cervical nerve enlargement in GBS. Vagus nerve enlargement may be a useful marker for autonomic dysfunction.
Improving competencies and skills across clinical contexts of care: a qualitative study on Malawian nurses' experiences in an institutional health and training programme
Authors: Aukrust Camilla Grøver , Kamalo Patrick Dongosolo , Prince Ruth Jane , Sundby Johanne , Mula Chimwemwe , Manda‐Taylor Lucinda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo explore what competencies and skills Malawian nurses gained after participating in an institutional health and training programme in Norway and how they viewed these competencies applicable upon return to Malawi. Furthermore, to examine facilitators and challenges experienced on the exchange programme and opportunities and obstacles to make the competencies usable in own local hospital context.DesignQualitative study with an explorative design.MethodsFourteen interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, from August to September 2018.ResultsCompetencies gained in Norway included clinical skills, teamwork, coordination and strengthened professionalism. The main finding was that the exchange programme was a transformative experience. Upon return to Malawi, the competencies gained on the exchange were helpful. However, the return was characterized by mixed emotions due to the considerable difference between the two clinical settings.
Reliability of measurements of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation using whole‐room indirect calorimetry
Authors: Allerton Timothy D. , Carnero Elvis A. , Bock Christopher , Corbin Karen D. , Luyet Pierre‐Philippe , Smith Steven R. , Ravussin Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis analysis aimed to measure the intraparticipant reliability—the intraclass correlation coefficient—of all the components of daily energy expenditure (EE) (24‐hour EE, sleep EE, resting EE, basal EE, and thermic effect of food) over a period of 3 consecutive days in 35 study participants.MethodsThe components of daily EE and substrate use (respiratory exchange ratio) were measured over 3 consecutive days before and after a 3‐week 1,000‐kcal/d caloric restriction/weight‐loss intervention.ResultsThere was a high degree of reliability for sleep EE (96.8%), 24‐hour EE (97.8%), basal EE (90.6%), and resting EE (93.2%) during the run‐in period. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the follow‐up period after weight loss (3.67 ± 1.10 kg) remained high for sleep EE (95.6%), 24‐hour EE (100%), basal EE (96.1%), and resting EE (92.5%). The minimal detectable differences in EE were reduced by 30% for both 24‐hour EE and sleep EE when comparing 2 days versus 1 day spent in the whole‐room indirect calorimeter.ConclusionsThe reliability of the daily components of EE is very high both prior to and after a weight‐loss intervention. We here provide instrumental data for investigators to adequately power studies investigating energy metabolism using whole‐room indirect calorimetry.
Registration of ‘ARS Crescent’ soft white winter club wheat
Authors: Garland Campbell Kim , Allan Robert , Burke Adrienne , Chen Xianming , DeMacon Patricia , Higginbotham Ryan , Engle Doug , Johnson Stephen , Klarquist Emily , Mundt Chris , Murray Timothy , Morris Craig , See Deven , Wen Nuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoft white club winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. compactum) represents 8–10% of the wheat crop in Washington, but most of the current club wheat production is located in the <350‐mm annual precipitation zone. Our goal was to develop a club wheat cultivar targeted to the >350‐mm annual precipitation zones of the Pacific Northwest. ‘ARS Crescent’ (Reg. no. CV‐1181, PI 665048), an awned white‐kernel club wheat, was selected using the bulk‐pedigree breeding method from the cross ‘Dusty’//‘Madsen’ sib/Dusty///WA7665/‘Rulo’. At the time of release, ARS Crescent was rated as resistant to stripe rust races PSTv‐4 and PSTv‐51, segregating for resistance to race PSTv‐37, and susceptible to races PSTv‐14 and PSTv‐40 in the seedling stage. In the adult‐plant stage in the field, ARS Crescent has demonstrated high‐temperature adult plant resistance to stripe rust. Several years after release, the grain yields of ARS Crescent are equivalent to the club wheat ‘Bruehl’ and to soft white wheat checks for all growing regions. ARS Crescent combines better test weight than Bruehl with better resistance to environmental conditions that result in low falling numbers in wheat. ARS Crescent has excellent milling properties and greater sponge cake volume than other club wheat cultivars and increases the quality of the crop in Washington.
Structural evidence that MOAP1 and PEG10 are derived from retrovirus/retrotransposon Gag proteins
Authors: Zurowska Katarzyna , Alam Ayaan , Ganser‐Pornillos Barbie K. , Pornillos Owen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Gag proteins of retroviruses play an essential role in virus particle assembly by forming a protein shell or capsid and thus generating the virion compartment. A variety of human proteins have now been identified with structural similarity to one or more of the major Gag domains. These human proteins are thought to have been evolved or “domesticated” from ancient integrations due to retroviral infections or retrotransposons. Here, we report that X‐ray crystal structures of stably folded domains of MOAP1 (modulator of apoptosis 1) and PEG10 (paternally expressed gene 10) are highly similar to the C‐terminal capsid (CA) domains of cognate Gag proteins. The structures confirm classification of MOAP1 and PEG10 as domesticated Gags, and suggest that these proteins may have preserved some of the key interactions that facilitated assembly of their ancestral Gags into capsids.
Design of ideal vibrational signals for stinkbug male attraction through vibrotaxis experiments
Authors: Caorsi Valentina , Cornara Daniele , Wells Karen E , Moser Damiano , Berardo Alice , Miselli Roberto , Torriani Michele , Pugno Nicola M , Tasin Marco , Maistrello Lara , Mazzoni Valerio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany groups of insects utilize substrate‐borne vibrations for intraspecific communication. This characteristic makes them a suitable model for exploring the use of vibrations as a tool for pest control as an alternative to the use of chemicals. Detailed knowledge of species communication is a prerequisite to select the best signals to use. This study explored the use of substrate‐borne vibrations for pest control of the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). For this purpose, we first identified the spectral and temporal characteristics that best elicit male responsiveness. Bioassays were conducted with artificial signals that mimicked the natural female calling signal. Second, we used the acquired knowledge to synthesize new signals endowed with different degrees of attractiveness in single‐ and two‐choice bioassays using a wooden custom‐made T stand.RESULTSThe results from this study showed that males were attracted to female signals along a high range of amplitudes, especially starting from a threshold of 100 μm s−1, a high pulse repetition time (1 s) and frequency peak corresponding to the first harmonic (76 Hz). This resulted in an “optimal” signal for use to attract males, while the choice test in the T arena showed that this signal elicits searching behavior and attracts BMSB males towards a stimulation point.CONCLUSIONWe confirm the use of vibrational signals as a strong tool for behavioral manipulation of male BMSB and suggest its possible use in the development of field traps and further management of this pest. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Attenborough's beauty: exceptional pattern preservation in a frog‐legged leaf beetle from the Eocene Green River Formation, Colorado (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Sagrinae)
Authors: Krell Frank‐Thorsten , Vitali Francesco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new fossil leaf beetle species,Pulchritudo attenboroughi(Chrysomelidae, Sagrinae), is described from the Eocene Green River Formation in Colorado and is the second known fossil representative of this subfamily from North America. The fossil stands out by its remarkable preservation of elytral patterns. Such sharp and high‐contrast preservation of exoskeletal colouration is extremely rare in the fossil record of beetles and unique in its definition and fidelity. Sagrinae currently do not occur in North America, but two extant species are present in tropical and subtropical South America, one of which is similar in several aspects to the new fossil. Many extant Sagrinae live in a warm, humid climate similar to that suggested for the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum of the Green River Formation.
Improving simulation specification with MBSE for better simulation validation and reuse
Authors: Sohier Henri , Lamothe Pascal , Guermazi Sahar , Yagoubi Mouadh , Menegazzi Pascal , Maddaloni Aldo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA simulation can be a complex architecture of simulation models, simulation tools, and computing hardware. However, its development often relies on informal procedures and can begin without a clear, complete, and formal definition of the simulation needs. Simulation traceability is then compromised, which prevents from easily validating whether a simulation meets the needs, or understanding the purpose of a simulation model that can be reused. This paper proposes an approach to improve the definition of simulation needs using Model‐Based Systems Engineering. Based on the semi‐automatic processing of a system architecture, it presents a new method to formulate a so‐called “simulation request” which covers (1) the part of the system to be simulated; (2) the objective of the simulation; (3) the simulation quality, cost, and delivery; (4) the test scenarios; (5) the data for simulation calibration and validation; and (6) the verification and validation of the simulation. All the tooling required for the formulation of the simulation request were prototyped in a SysML editor, with machine learning capabilities for the choice of test scenarios. The method and tooling were tested for the case of an autonomous car passing under traffic lights.