bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blockchain‐based indoor location paging and answering service with truncated‐geo‐indistinguishability
Authors: Yang Changxin , Ju Xuan , Liu Erwu , Geng Yuanzhe , Wang Rui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIndoor location‐based services have numerous applications built on indoor navigation. Over the years, researchers have proposed various indoor navigation methods to find a certain point of interest. This paper proposes location paging and answering service (LPAS) for finding out someone in an indoor environment . However, it may face serious problems of privacy disclosure of the clients' indoor location data . To ensure security, privacy and convenience, the authors leverage blockchain to model the indoor environment, and build blockchain‐based indoor LPAS (BILPAS) on blockchain by embedding our three‐way‐handshake Diffie–Hellman Key Agreement procedures. Our BILPAS can automatically establish a secure and privacy communication tunnel between any two users, thus greatly liberating participants from unnecessary self‐determining interactions . On the premise that the certain person can also be found, the authors introduce Truncated‐Geo‐Indistinguishability (TGeoI) to perturb the actual location within a limited, valid, user‐defined distance, thereby allowing users to obtain reasonable location privacy. The authors have put a strong emphasis in the formal treatment of the reasonable privacy guarantees, giving a rigorous definition of TGeoI and providing a comparison with Geo‐Indistinguishability that the authors' method satisfies such property. Then, the authors present the BILPAS prototype and implement it on Hyperledger Fabric. Finally, the authors conduct the security and privacy analysis and evaluate the time performance. The experiment results validate the reasonable privacy, high security and convenience of the authors' framework.
Joint design of the discrete phase transmit sequence and receive filter in radar systems
Authors: Pishrow Mohammad Mehdi , Abouei Jamshid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the joint design of discrete phase transmit sequences and receive filters with the low peak sidelobe level and integrated sidelobe level in radar systems is considered. The problem is formulated as a minimisation of the peak (integrated) sidelobe level, forcing a unimodular discrete phase constraint at the design stage. To deal with the resulting non‐convex and in general the NP‐hard optimisation problem, an iterative method based on the alternate optimisation approach is proposed. Each iteration of the proposed method involves a non‐convex min–max problem to be solved. In addition, a sequential rank‐one constraint relaxation framework is proposed to initialise the procedure, each iteration of which requires the solution of a convex problem. Simulation results show that using the proposed framework for jointly finding transmit sequences and receive filters leads to a better peak sidelobe ratio and integrated sidelobe ratio for discrete phase sequences than the optimal mismatched filters design approach.
Multiscale views of an Alfvénic slow solar wind: 3D velocity distribution functions observed by the Proton-Alpha Sensor of Solar Orbiter
Authors: Louarn P. , Fedorov A. , Prech L. , Owen C. J. , Bruno R. , Livi S. , Lavraud B. , Rouillard A. P. , Génot V. , André N. , Fruit G. , Réville V. , Kieokaew R. , Plotnikov I. , Penou E. , Barthe A. , Khataria D. , Berthomier M. , D’Amicis R. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Allegrini F. , Raines J. , Verscharen D. , Fortunato V. , Mele G. , Horbury T. S. , O’brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. , Maksimovic M. , Kasper J. C. , Bale S. D. 
Published: October 2021

Context.The Alfvénic slow solar wind is of particular interest, as it is often characterized by intense magnetic turbulence, complex proton 3D velocity distribution functions (VDF), and an ensuing richness of kinetic and dynamic processes.Aims.We take advantage of the fast time cadence of measurements taken by the Proton-Alpha Sensor (PAS) on board Solar Orbiter to analyze the kinetic properties of the proton population, the variability of their VDFs, and the possible link with propagating magnetic structures. We also study the magnetic (B) and velocity (V) correlation that characterizes this type of wind down to the ion gyroperiod.Methods.We analyzed the VDFs measured by PAS, a novelty that take advantages of the capability of 3D measurements at a 4 Hz cadence. In addition, we considered MAG observations.Results.We first show that there is a remarkable correlation between theBandVcomponents observed down to timescales approaching the ion gyrofrequency. This concerns a wide variety of fluctuations, such as waves, isolated peaks, and discontinuities. The great variability of the proton VDFs is also documented. The juxtaposition of a core and a field-aligned beam is the norm but the relative density of the beam, drift speed, and temperatures can considerably change on scales as short as as a few seconds. The characteristics of the core are comparatively more stable. These variations in the beam characteristics mostly explain the variations in the total parallel temperature and, therefore, in the total anisotropy of the proton VDFs. Two magnetic structures that are associated with significant changes in the shape of VDFs, one corresponding to relaxation of total anisotropy and the other to its strong increase, are analyzed here. Our statistical analysis shows a clear link between total anisotropy (and, thus, beam characteristics) and the direction ofBwith respect to the Parker spiral. In the present case, flux tubes aligned with Parker spiral contain an average proton VDF with a much more developed beam (thus, with larger total anisotropy) than those that are inclined, perpendicular, or even reverse with regard to the outward direction.Conclusions.These observations document the variability of the proton VDF shape in relation to the propagation of magnetic structures. This is a key area of interest for understanding of the effect of turbulence on solar wind dynamics.
Impfen – ja oder nein? Wodurch wird die Impfentscheidung von Hundehaltern beeinflusst?
Authors: Schwedinger Elke , Kuhne Franziska , Moritz Andreas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel Hunde sind im Leben vieler Menschen wichtige Partner. Diese hohe Priorität führt zu differenzierten Überlegungen hinsichtlich der Gesundheitsvorsorge des Tieres auch im Hinblick auf Impfungen. In dieser Studie wurden Gründe für die Impfentscheidung von Besitzern privat gehaltener Hunde und Züchtern sowie mögliche Einflussfaktoren analysiert und mit den Angaben der teilnehmenden Tierärzte verglichen.Material und Methoden Insgesamt nahmen 1480 Besitzer privat gehaltener Hunde, 349 Züchter und 365 Tierärzte an dieser mit der Umfragesoftware LimeSurvey ausschließlich online durchgeführten Befragung teil. Absolute und prozentuale Häufigkeiten, Mittelwerte und Standardabweichungen wurden anhand der Angaben der Hundehalter und Tierärzte analysiert. Der Vergleich der Änderung des Impfverhaltens zwischen Besitzern privat gehaltener Hunde und Züchtern erfolgte mit einem Mann-Whitney-Test.Ergebnisse Insgesamt 98 % der Studienteilnehmer stuften ihren Hund als Familienmitglied ein. Die Auswertung der angegebenen Impfgründe ergab, dass Ängste und Verantwortungsgefühle für Hundehalter eine größere Rolle spielen als äußere Umstände. Aus Sicht der teilnehmenden Tierärzte haben jedoch finanzielle Aspekte und Vorgaben durch Dritte wie Hundeschulen oder -pensionen einen stärkeren Einfluss auf die Impfentscheidung, als es die Hundehalter angaben.Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Auswertung der Impfmotive von Hundehaltern ist den Angaben elterlicher Impfentscheidungen sehr ähnlich. Der Vergleich zwischen Aussagen der befragten Tierärzte und Angaben der Hundehalter zeigt einen deutlichen Kommunikations- und Aufklärungsbedarf für Impfungen in der tierärztlichen Praxis. Bereits etablierte Strategien aus der Humanmedizin können für diesen Zweck auch in der tierärztlichen Praxis zur Anwendung kommen und sollten zukünftig für die Veterinärmedizin entwickelt werden.
Der Einsatz der immunonkologischen Therapie beim hepatozellulären Karzinom im Kontext der Lebertransplantation
Eine interdisziplinäre Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung
Authors: Vogel Arndt , Sterneck Martina , Vondran Florian , Waidmann Oliver , Klein Ingo , Lindig Udo , Nadalin Silvio , Settmacher Utz , Tacke Frank , Schlitt Hans Jürgen , Wege Henning 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Für das fortgeschrittene hepatozelluläre Karzinom steht uns seit Kurzem ein deutlich erweitertes Spektrum an systemischen Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung. Insbesondere mit den immunonkologischen Kombinationstherapien können mittlerweile beeindruckende Ansprechraten und ein deutlich verlängertes Überleben bei insgesamt guter Verträglichkeit erreicht werden. Dabei werden diese Immun-Onkologie (IO)-basierten Kombinationen nicht nur zur Therapie des fortgeschrittenen HCC geprüft, sondern zunehmend auch in früheren Stadien im Sinne von periinterventionellen Therapiekonzepten und auch zum down-sizing zu lokalen Therapien. Im Kontext der Lebertransplantation (LTx) muss allerdings eine besonders kritische Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung vor Einsatz von Immuntherapeutika im Rahmen multimodaler Konzepte erfolgen, da durch die Immuntherapie das Risiko einer potenziell letalen Abstoßung signifikant gesteigert werden kann.
Methode Diese Übersichtsarbeit basiert auf einer selektiven Literaturrecherche, die zwischen Dezember 2020 und April 2021 in den Datenbanken PubMed und Cochrane Library durchgeführt wurde. Leitlinien, Expertenmeinungen und Empfehlungen von Fachgesellschaften wurden besonders berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse Fast jede fünfte LTx in Deutschland erfolgt aufgrund eines HCC (DSO Jahresbericht 2019). Die LTx ist dabei eine kurative Therapieoption nicht nur für die zugrunde liegende Lebererkrankung, sondern auch für den malignen Tumor. Einzelfallbeschreibungen weisen darauf hin, dass auch eine IO-Therapie vor einer LTx das Risiko einer Abstoßung bzw. eines Leberversagens bei einer nachfolgenden LTx erhöhen kann. Seit ca. 2015 werden Immuntherapeutika vielfach auch zur Tumortherapie bei Patienten nach einer LTx eingesetzt. In kleinen Fallserien wurden dabei Abstoßungsraten von 36%, die mit einer abstoßungsbedingten Mortalität von 20% der behandelten Patienten einhergingen, beschrieben. Eine ähnliche Inzidenz von Abstoßungsreaktionen wurde auch nach dem Einsatz von Immuntherapeutika bei Patienten nach anderen Organtransplantationen beschrieben.
Schlussfolgerung Im Zusammenhang mit einer Organtransplantation besteht durch eine IO-Therapie das Risiko einer Transplantatabstoßung, welches zum Verlust des Transplantates und auch zum Tod des Patienten führen kann. Unter Abwägung der oben dargelegten Überlegungen kann aber nach unserer sorgfältigen Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung aus heutiger Sicht ein Einsatz einer IO-basierten Therapie im Kontext der Organtransplantation erfolgen.
The Risk of Perinatal Mortality in Nulliparous Women Compared to Primiparous Women at Term
Authors: Devabhaktuni Anuradha , Pilliod Rachel A. , Caughey Aaron B. , Valent Amy M. 
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the rate of perinatal mortality among nulliparous women compared with primiparous women at term and further characterize the risk of stillbirth by each week of gestation.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all term, singleton, nonanomalous births comparing perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal death [NND]) between primiparous (parity = 1, with no history of abortion) and nulliparous (parity = 0) women who delivered in California between 2007 and 2011. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the frequencies and strength of association of perinatal mortality with parity, adjusting for maternal age, race, body mass index, pregestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, fetal sex, smoking status, and socioeconomic status. The risk of stillbirth at each gestational age at term was calculated using a pregnancies-at-risk life table method. A p-value less than 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.
Results Of 1,317,761 total deliveries, 765,995 (58.1%) were to nulliparous women and 551,766 (41.9%) were to primiparous women with one prior birth. Nulliparous women had increased odds of stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.93–3.72) and NND (aOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.19–1.98) compared with primiparous women. The risk of stillbirth in nulliparous women was greater at every gestational age between 370/7 and 410/7 weeks compared with primiparous women. Nulliparous women also had increased odds of small for gestational age infants at less than 10% birth weight (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.72–1.79), less than 5% birth weight (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.86–1.98), and less than 3% birth weight (aOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.93–2.11).
Conclusion Perinatal mortality is significantly greater in nulliparous women compared with primiparous women with term deliveries. These findings suggest that low-risk nulliparous women may require increased surveillance. There may be a role in improving maternal health by maximizing physiologic adaptation in nulliparous women.
Key Points
Ampicillin Pharmacokinetics in Peripartum and Laboring Women
Authors: Judy Amy E. , Frymoyer Adam , Ansari Jessica , Drover David R. , Carvalho Brendan 
Published: October 2021

Objective Ampicillin is used for multiple peripartum indications including prevention of neonatal group B streptococcus (GBS) and treatment of chorioamnionitis. Despite its widespread use in obstetrics, existing pharmacokinetic data for ampicillin do not address contemporary indications or dosing paradigms for this population. We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of ampicillin administered to laboring women.
Study Design Using whole blood dried blood spot sampling technique, maternal blood samples were collected at specified times from 31 women receiving intravenous (IV) ampicillin for peripartum indications. Women received either a 2-g loading dose with 1-g administered every 4 hours (GBS) or 2-g every 6 hours (chorioamnionitis). Pharmacokinetics were analyzed via a population approach with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling.
Results The data were best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination, with the following whole blood parameters: central volume of distribution (V1), 75.2 L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.3–93.6); clearance (CL), 82.4 L/h (95% CI: 59.7–95.7); intercompartmental clearance (Q), 20.9 L/h (95% CI: 16.2–38.2); and peripheral volume of distribution (V2), 61.1 L (95% CI: 26.1–310.5). Interpatient variation in CL and V1 was large (42.0 and 56.7%, respectively). Simulations of standard dosing strategies demonstrated over 98% of women are predicted to achieve an estimated free plasma concentration above mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 μg/mL for more than 50% of the dosing interval.
Conclusion Although large variation in the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in pregnant women exists, as predicted by our model, current standard dosing strategies achieve adequate exposure for GBS in nearly all patients.
Key Points
Triazole-Extended Anthracenes as Optical Force Probes
Authors: Göstl Robert , Baumann Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOptical force probes (OFPs) are force-responsive molecules that report on mechanically induced transformations by the alteration of their optical properties. Yet, their modular design and incorporation into polymer architectures at desired positions is challenging. Here we report triazole-extended anthracene OFPs that combine two modular ‘click’ reactions in their synthesis potentially allowing their incorporation at desirable positions in complex polymer materials. Importantly, these retain the excellent optical properties of their parent 9-π-extended anthracene OFP counterparts.
Generalizability of Homeopathic Prognostic Factor Research Outcome in COVID-19 Treatment: Comparison of Data
Authors: Rutten Lex , Miglani Anjali , Gold Peter , Manchanda Raj Kumar , Chakraborty Moumita , Meena Baljeet Singh , Sharma Kavita , Gupta Meeta , Sharma Brender , Sharma Ashok , Rani Purnima , Singh Rahul Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background/Objective During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several homeopathic prognostic factor research (PFR) projects have been undertaken. We found two projects with comparable outcomes to assess consistency and possible flaws.
Methods Two comparisons were made. (1) Outcome of a PFR data collection from the Liga Medicorum Homoeopathica Internationalis (LMHI) by about 100 doctors with 541 cases was compared with a previous analysis of 161 cases in the same database. (2) The updated LMHI database was also compared with a data collection carried out in India by four doctors with a total of 1,445 cases. Differences that resulted in conflicting outcomes (indication in one, contraindication in the other) were examined for possible causes.
Results There was only a single outcome in the updated LMHI database that conflicted with the previous dataset, and this could have been due to statistical variation. The Indian data contained many cases, from few doctors, while the LMHI database had few cases per doctor, but many doctors. The overlap between the projects (individual cases entered in both) was between zero and 22%. In 72 comparisons we found six (8.3%) conflicting outcomes. Possible causes were statistical error due to small numbers of cases and/or observers, confirmation bias, and keynote prescribing if this resulted in symptoms being inadequately checked.
Conclusion There was little conflict between the outcomes of the two versions of one project and between the two different PFR projects. Differences could mostly be explained by causes that can be managed. This consistency should primarily be interpreted as showing a strong overall consensus between homeopathic practitioners worldwide, but with variation of consensus between small groups of practitioners.
Exposed Implant after Immediate Breast Reconstruction – Presentation and Analysis of a Clinical Management Protocol
Authors: Hassan Rafael Amin Menezes , Urban Cícero de Andrade , Dória Maíra Teixeira , Spautz Cleverton Cesar , Rabinovich Iris , Anselmi Karina Furlan , Schunemann Jr Eduardo , Kuroda Flávia , Sobreiro Bernardo Passos , Lima Rubens Silveira de 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective Infection and exposure of the implant are some of the most common and concerning complications after implant-based breast reconstruction. Currently, there is no consensus on the management of these complications. The aim of the present study was to review our cases and to present a clinical protocol.
Methods We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients submitted to implant-based breast reconstruction between 2014 and 2016. All patients were managed according to a specific and structured protocol.
Results Implant exposure occurred in 33 out of 277 (11.9%) implant-based reconstructions. Among these, two patients had history of radiotherapy and had their implant removed; Delayed reconstruction with a myocutaneous flap was performed in both cases. Signs of severe local infection were observed in 12 patients, and another 5 presented with extensive tissue necrosis, and they were all submitted to implant removal; of them, 8 underwent reconstruction with a tissue expander, and 2, with a myocutaneous flap. The remaining 14 patients had no signs of severe infection, previous irradiation or extensive tissue necrosis, and were submitted to primary suture as an attempt to salvage the implant. Of these, 8 cases (57.1%) managed to keep the original implant.
Conclusion Our clinical protocol is based on three key points: history of radiotherapy, severe infection, and extensive tissue necrosis. It is a practical and potentially-reproducible method of managing one of the most common complications of implant-based breast reconstruction.
Compensatory Changes in Ground Reaction Forces in Small and Large Breed Dogs with Unilateral Hindlimb Lameness in Comparison to Healthy Dogs
Authors: Wagmeister Patrick , Steigmeier-Raith Stephanie , Reese Sven , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to investigate whether small- to medium-sized dogs with a naturally occurring unilateral hindlimb lameness show the same compensatory changes in ground reaction forces as large-breed dogs and how the changes are displayed compared with healthy small- to medium-sized dogs.Study Design Small- to medium-sized dogs (n = 15) and large-breed dogs (n = 16) with unilateral rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament were examined. The kinetic parameters peak vertical force and vertical impulse of the two groups were compared with each other and compared with healthy Beagles (n = 15) and with healthy Labrador Retrievers (n = 17), respectively.Results The healthy Beagle group showed a significantly higher weight loading on the forelimbs compared with the healthy Labrador group. The affected groups in comparison with the corresponding healthy groups showed a higher load on the non-affected body half and a significant lower weight bearing on the affected limb. Comparing the two affected groups, no significant difference could be found.Conclusion Despite a substantially different initial situation regarding weight distribution of the examined small- to medium-sized dogs and large dogs, a unilateral hindlimb lameness leads to the same compensatory changes (cranial and lateral shift of the body mass centre).
Association between Endogenous Sex Hormones and Coronary Artery Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Khanna Roopali , Bansal Avinash , Kumar Sudeep , Garg Naveen , Tewari Satyendra , Kapoor Aditya , Goel Pravin K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground Incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases significantly in postmenopausal women, which is assumed to be an imbalance between serum androgen and estrogen levels. However, studies assessing serum sex hormones and CAD are few and have shown conflicting results.Objective To compare serum sex hormone levels and traditional risk factors among postmenopausal women with angiographically proven CAD and without CAD.Method The study included consecutive postmenopausal women undergoing coronary angiography in our institute from May 2016 to June 2017. The clinical and coronary angiographic data and traditional risk factors were assessed. Fasting serum levels of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and insulin were measured.Results A total of 121 postmenopausal women were included in the study; 69 were CAD and 52 without CAD. Single-vessel disease was most common (55.1%), followed by double-vessel disease (24.6%) and triple-vessel disease (20.3%). Women with CAD had significantly lower estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) ratio (3.7 ± 2.6 vs. 5.4 ± 4.2,p = 0.008) compared with non-CAD group. SHBG, DHEA-S, and insulin levels were similar in CAD and non-CAD groups. The serum level of estradiol predicted the E2/T ratio (r = 0.316,p < 0.001) and positively associated with DHEA (r = 0.181,p = 0.047). Testosterone was negatively associated with E2/T ratio (r = – 0.682,p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation of estrogen, testosterone, or E2/T ratio to lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL) in women with CAD.Conclusion E2/T ratio was significantly lowered in postmenopausal women with CAD. E2/T ratio may be a used a predictor of CAD in postmenopausal women