bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving QoE for monitoring DASH video streaming: models and a study of multiple mobile clients
Authors: Kiani Mehr Sheyda , Jogalekar Prasad , Medhi Deep 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective Quality of Experience (QoE) for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) video streaming has received considerable attention in recent years. While there are a number of objective QoE models, a limitation of the current models is that the QoE is provided after the entire video is delivered; also, the models are on a per client basis. For content service providers, QoE observed is important to monitor to understand ensemble performance during streaming such as for live events or concurrent streaming when multiple clients are streaming. For this purpose, we propose Moving QoE (MQoE, in short) models to measure QoE during periodically during video streaming for multiple simultaneous clients. Our first model MQoE_RF is a nonlinear model considering the bitrate gain and sensitivity from bitrate switching frequency. Our second model MQoE_SD is a linear model that focuses on capturing the standard deviation in the bitrate switching magnitude among segments along with the bitrate gain. We then study the effectiveness of both models in a multi-user mobile client environment, with the mobility patterns being based on traces from a train, a car, or a ferry. We implemented the study on the GENI testbed. Our study shows that our MQoE models are more accurate in capturing the QoE behavior during transmission than static QoE models. Furthermore, our MQoE_RF model captures the sensitivity due to bitrate switching frequency more effectively while MQoE_SD captures the sensitivity due to the magnitude of the bitrate switching. Either models are suitable for content service providers for monitoring video streaming based on their preference.
Physical activity for blood glucose control in gestational diabetes mellitus: rationale and recommendations for translational behavioral interventions
Authors: Onaade Oluwafemifola , Maples Jill M. , Rand Bethany , Fortner Kimberly B. , Zite Nikki B. , Ehrlich Samantha F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse health outcomes during pregnancy and beyond. Previous randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions have demonstrated that exercise, conducted primarily during supervised sessions, improves maternal glycemic control in women with GDM. However, additional research is needed to develop physical activity interventions that are easily implemented in healthcare settings (e.g., recommendations and strategies to increase non-supervised physical activity). This narrative review presents: current physical activity recommendations for pregnancy and women with GDM; the scientific literature to date on physical activity, particularly walking, and blood glucose control in GDM; rationale for physical activity interventions targeting women with GDM that are appropriate for translation to the clinical setting (e.g., lifestyle interventions that include behavioral counseling with a health coach); and the strategies employed by previous, successful lifestyle interventions for pregnant and postpartum women that were based in clinical settings.Most previous exercise interventions for blood glucose control in women with GDM have included supervised exercise sessions, and will thus be difficult to translate to the health care system. However, lifestyle interventions for weight maintenance (i.e., healthy diet and physical activity) set in the health care system and delivered by health coaches have been successfully implemented in pregnant and postpartum populations. Therefore, we suggest that future trials examine lifestyle interventions that promote unsupervised walking with evidence-based behavioral strategies (e.g., goal setting, monitoring, and feedback) and consider incorporating the use of physical activity tracking devices to support these strategies.
How to engage patient partners in health service research: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Tscherning Sarah Cecilie , Bekker Hilary Louise , Vedelø Tina Wang , Finderup Jeanette , Rodkjær Lotte Ørneborg 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The patients’ and the carers’ roles in health service research has changed from being solely participants in studies to also being active partners and co-designers in the research process. Research carried out with or by patient partners is an increasingly accepted component of health service research in many countries, but how researchers can best approach engaging patient partners in the research process is still not clear. There is a need for guidance to support researchers when engaging patient partners and assess how such engagement impacts on research outputs. The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for a scoping review of published literature on how to engage patient partners effectively in the research process. Investigating this aim implies examining: a) how to engage patient partners in the research process; and b) what impact such engagement has on research outputs. This scoping review protocol is the first to examine how to engage patient partners effectively across different diseases and research areas.

Methods
A scoping review using a systematic process informed by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework will be carried out across six electronic databases using the terms ‘patient participation’, ‘community participation’, ‘research personnel’, ‘patient and public involvement’ and ‘patient partner’. We will include published reviews concerning engagement of patient partners in the research process in healthcare settings, and exclude studies assessing engagement in treatment and healthcare. Two reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts of articles independently for inclusion, and extract data from articles that meet the inclusion criteria. Where there is disagreement, a third reviewer will be consulted to facilitate consensus. The data elicited will include: author and study characteristics; research aims and findings; description of patient engagement in the research process; and assessment impact. Descriptive data and narrative analysis will synthesize findings.

Discussion
To understand how to engage patient partners effectively in the research process, the impact of such engagement must be taken into consideration to give a qualified suggestion for future guidance. We hope this review will raise awareness of which common elements constitute effective engagement of patient partners in the research process.
Displacement-mediated bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric superlattice metasurfaces
Authors: Shi Tan , Deng Zi-Lan , Tu Qing-An , Cao Yaoyu , Li Xiangping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) are localized states coexisting with extended waves inside the continuous spectrum range, which have infinite lifetimes without any radiation. To extract high-Q quasi-BIC resonances from the symmetry-protected BIC for practical applications, symmetry-breaking approaches are usually exploited, either by slightly breaking the excitation field symmetry or structure symmetry. Here, we introduce an all-dielectric superlattice metasurface that can symmetry-compatibly convert BIC states into high-Q quasi-BIC modes based on the guided-mode resonance coupling by relative displacement tuning. The metasurface is composed of a superlattice of multiple nanobeams, supporting both magnetic mode and toroidal mode with large tunability. Both modes can interact with the incident continuum by mediating the displacement between nanobeams, which empowers dual asymmetric Fano resonances with high Q-factors. The bandwidth of the toroidal mode under y-polarized incidences and that of the magnetic mode under x-polarized incidences can be readily tuned by the local displacement between nanobeams in each unit cell. Such displacement-mediated BIC resonance is promising for various applications such as bio-molecule sensing and low threshold lasing.
Impact of borderline personality disorder traits on the association between age and health-related quality of life: A cohort study in the general population
Authors: Botter L. , ten Have M. , Gerritsen D. , de Graaf R. , van Dijk S. D. M. , van den Brink R. H. S. , Oude Voshaar R. C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Increasing age as well as borderline personality pathology are associated with a lower level of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Our objective was to investigate whether the presence of borderline personality traits modifies the association between age and HR-QoL in the general population.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from 5,303 respondents (aged 21–72 years) of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 were analyzed. Borderline personality traits were assessed with the International Personality Disorder Examination questionnaire. Mental and physical HR-QoL were measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of borderline personality traits, age and their interaction on mental as well as physical HR-QoL, adjusted for demographic variables as well as somatic and mental disorders.

Results
A total of 1,520 (28.7%) respondents reported one or more borderline personality traits of which 58 (1.1%) reported five or more indicative of a borderline personality disorder. A higher age was associated with lower physical HR-QoL. This negative association became significantly stronger in the presence of borderline personality traits. The association between increasing age and mental HR-QoL was positive in the absence of borderline personality traits and negative in the presence of borderline personality traits.

Conclusion
Borderline personality traits negatively interfere with the association between age and HR-QoL irrespective of somatic and mental disorders. Attention of clinicians and researchers for subthreshold borderline personality pathology is needed in middle-aged and older persons.
Cycle Development in a Mini-Freeze Dryer: Evaluation of Manometric Temperature Measurement in Small-Scale Equipment
Authors: Wenzel Tim , Gieseler Margit , Abdul-Fattah Ahmad M. , Gieseler Henning 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this research was to assess the applicability of manometric temperature measurement (MTM) and SMART™ for cycle development and monitoring of critical product and process parameters in a mini-freeze dryer using a small set of seven vials. Freeze drying cycles were developed using SMART™ which automatically defines and adapts process parameters based on input data and MTM feedback information. The freeze drying behavior and product characteristics of an amorphous model system were studied at varying wall temperature control settings of the cylindrical wall surrounding the shelf in the mini-freeze dryer. Calculated product temperature profiles were similar for all different wall temperature settings during the MTM-SMART™ runs and in good agreement with the temperatures measured by thermocouples. Product resistance profiles showed uniformity in all of the runs conducted in the mini-freeze dryer, but absolute values were slightly lower compared to values determined by MTM in a LyoStar™ pilot-scale freeze dryer. The resulting cakes exhibited comparable residual moisture content and optical appearance to the products obtained in the larger freeze dryer. An increase in intra-vial heterogeneity was found for the pore morphology in the cycle with deactivated wall temperature control in the mini-freeze dryer. SMART™ cycle design and product attributes were reproducible and a minimum load of seven 10R vials was identified for more accurate MTM values. MTM-SMART™ runs suggested, that in case of the wall temperature following the product temperature of the center vial, product temperatures differ only slightly from those in the LyoStar™ freeze dryer.
Employment Instability and Fertility in Europe: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alderotti Giammarco , Vignoli Daniele , Baccini Michela , Matysiak Anna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The relationship between employment instability and fertility is a major topic in demographic research, with a proliferation of published papers on this matter, especially since the Great Recession. Employment instability, which most often manifests in unemployment or time-limited employment, is usually deemed to have a negative effect on fertility, although different fertility reactions are hypothesized by sociological theories, and micro-level evidence is fragmented and contradictory. We used meta-analytic techniques to synthesize European research findings, offer general conclusions about the effects of employment instability on fertility (in terms of direction and size), and rank different sources of employment instability. Our results suggest that employment instability has a nonnegligible negative effect on fertility. Men's unemployment is more detrimental for fertility than men's time-limited employment; conversely, a woman having a fixed-term contract is least likely to have a child. Next, the negative effect of employment instability on fertility has become stronger over time, and is more severe in Southern European countries, where social protection for families and the unemployed is least generous. Finally, meta-regression estimates demonstrate that failing to account for income and partner characteristics leads to an overestimation of the negative effect of employment instability on fertility. We advance the role of these two factors as potential mechanisms by which employment instability affects fertility. Overall, this meta-analysis provides the empirical foundation for new studies on the topic.
Development of a highly pulmonary metastatic orthotopic renal cell carcinoma murine model
Authors: Park Jee Soo , Lee Myung Eun , Kim Seung Hwan , Jang Won Sik , Ham Won Sik 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is high, and its outcomes remain poor. Mortality is attributable largely to metastatic disease and a dearth of effective therapeutic interventions. The lungs are the most common metastatic site. To elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying pulmonary metastasis and identify superior therapeutic strategies, we developed a novel and clinically relevant murine RCC model exhibiting enhanced pulmonary metastasis. Mice underwent intrarenal implantation using luciferase-expressing Renca, a murine renal adenocarcinoma cell line. Primary renal tumor progression and development of metastatic lung lesions were monitored in live mice using bioluminescent imaging, followed by post-mortem organ assessment. Cells were isolated from pulmonary metastases for reimplantation, followed by repeat monitoring and assessment. This process was repeated once more for a total of two in vivo passages to select for pulmonary metastatic Renca cell subpopulations. However, a single round of in vivo selection was sufficient to produce a near-maximally metastatic subpopulation. Relative to Renca cell-implanted mice, subpopulation-implanted mice exhibited shorter implantation-metastasis intervals (5 days), shorter implantation-moribundity intervals (sacrificed at 18.6±2.9 versus 22.3±1.1 days), a higher number of metastatic lung lesions at 23 days (183.9±39.0 versus 172.6±38.2) and poorer survival. Implantation of cells derived from the second round of in vivo selection produced no further significant differences in the above metrics. This model consistently and efficiently recapitulates RCC pulmonary metastasis while allowing in vivo monitoring of tumor progression, thereby facilitating elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying pulmonary metastasis and evaluation of therapeutic modalities.
The differing effects of occipital and trunk somites on neural development in the chick embryo
Authors: Lim T. M. , Lunn E. R. , Keynes R. J. , Stern C. D. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In all higher vertebrate embryos the sensory ganglia of the trunk develop adjacent to the neural tube, in the cranial halves of the somite-derived sclerotomes. It has been known for many years that ganglia do not develop in the most cranial (occipital) sclerotomes, caudal to the first somite. Here we have investigated whether this is due to craniocaudal variation in the neural tube or crest, or to an unusual property of the sclerotomes at occipital levels. Using the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 as a marker for neural crest cells in the chick embryo, we find that the crest does enter the cranial halves of the occipital sclerotomes. Further-more, staining with zinc iodide/osmium tetroxide shows that some of these crest-derived cells sprout axons within these sclerotomes. By stage 23, however, no dorsal root ganglia are present within the five occipital sclerotomes, as assessed both by haematoxy-lin/eosin and zinc iodide/osmium tetroxide staining. Moreover, despite this loss of sensory cells, motor axons grow out in these segments, many of them later fasciculating to form the hypoglossal nerve. The sclerotomes remain visible until stages 27/28, when they dissociate to form the base of the skull and the atlas and axis vertebrae.
After grafting occipital neural tube from quail donor embryos in place of trunk neural tube in host chick embryos, quail-derived ganglia do develop in the trunk sclerotomes. This shows that the failure of occipital ganglion development is not the result of some fixed local property of the neural crest or neural tube at occipital levels. We therefore suggest that in the chick embryo the cranial halves of the five occipi-tal sclerotomes lack factors essential for normal sen-sory ganglion development, and that these factors are correspondingly present in all the more caudal sclerotomes.
Polar asymmetry in the organization of the cortical cytokeratin system of Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos
Authors: Klymkowsky Michael W. , Maynell Laurie A. , Polson Andrew G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have used whole-mount immunofluorescence mi-croscopy of late-stage Xenopus laevis oocytes and early embryos to examine the organization of their cortical cytokeratin systems. In both mature oocytes and early embryos, there is a distinct animal-vegetal polarity in cytokeratin organization. In mature (stage-VI) oocytes, the cytokeratin filaments of the vegetal region form a unique, almost geodesic net-work; in the animal region, cytokeratin organization appears much more variable and irregular. In unfer-tilized, postgerminal vesicle breakdown eggs, the cor-tical cytokeratin system is disorganized throughout both animal and vegetal hemispheres. After fertiliz-ation, cytokeratin organization reappears first in a punctate pattern that is transformed into an array of oriented filaments. These cytokeratin filaments ap-pear first in the vegetal hemisphere and are initially thin. Subsequently, they form bundles that grow thicker through the period of first to second cleavage, at which point large cytokeratin filament bundles form a loose, fishnet-like system that encompasses the vegetal portion of each blastomere. In the animal region, cytokeratin filaments do not appear to form large fibre networks, but rather appear to be organ-ized into a system of fine filaments. The animal-vegetal polarity in cytokeratin organization persists until early blastula (stage 5); in later-stage embryos, both animal and vegetal blastomeres possess qualitat-ively similar cytokeratin filament systems. The entire process of cytokeratin reorganization in the egg is initiated by prick activation. These observations indi-cate that the cortical cytoskeleton of Xenopus oocytes and early embryos is both dynamic and asymmetric.
Expression of nuclear lamins during mouse preimplantation development
Authors: Houliston Evelyn , Guilly Marie-Noëlle , Courvalin Jean-Claude , Maro Bernard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The expression of nuclear lamins during mouse preimplantation development was studied by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. Two sera were used, specific either for lamin B or lamins A and C. Both sera gave a positive staining of the nuclear periphery throughout preimplantation development (fertilized eggs to late blastocysts). Immunoblots revealed that the three lamins were present in eggs and blastocysts. However, lamin A from eggs was found to have a higher apparent Mr than lamin A from blastocysts and other mouse cells. Using immunoprecipitation, synthesis of lamin A was detected in eggs while synthesis of lamin B was detected in 8-cell embryos and blastocysts, indicating that at least some of the lamins used during early development do not come from a store in the egg. These results are discussed in relation to the possible role of lamins during cell differentiation.
Ultrabithorax and engrailed expression in Drosophila embryos mutant for segmentation genes of the pair-rule class
Authors: Martinez-Arias Alfonso , White Robert A. H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mutations in the pair-rule class of segmentation genes cause pattern deletions with a double segment periodicity in the Drosophila embryo. This phenotype is, in part, due to cell death. Using molecular probes for engrailed (en) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) expression as markers for the body plan, we have studied the phenotype of pair-rule mutants prior to cell death. All these mutants alter the expression of en and Ubx; then-molecular phenotypes suggest a pathway whereby pair-rule gene functions construct metameric units.
The origin of spicule-forming cells in a ‘primitive’ sea urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides) which appears to lack primary mesenchyme cells
Authors: Wray Gregory A. , Mcclay David R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The calcareous larval skeleton of euechinoid sea urchins is synthesized by primary mesenchyme cells which ingress prior to gastrulation. In embryos of the cidaroid sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides, no mesenchyme cells ingress before gastrulation, yet larvae later contain skeletons. This apparent paradox is resolved by immunochemical, cell lineage and morphological evidence showing that spicule-forming cells of Eucidaris are homologous to primary mesenchyme cells of euechinoids. In particular, these two cell types share expression of two cell lineage-specific gene products, are derived from the same cellular precursors, the micromeres, and undergo a similar migratory phase prior to skeletogenesis. Despite these similarities, there are far fewer spicule-forming cells in Eucidaris than in typical euechinoids and they assume a different pattern during spiculogenesis. The homology between Eucidaris spicule-forming cells and euechinoid primary mesenchyme cells indicates that a heterochrony in the time of spicule-forming cell ingression has occurred since the divergence of their respective lineages.