bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent fingerprint development by using silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate—A comparative study
Authors: Prasad Vandana , Prasad Lalit , Lukose Sally , Agarwal Prashant 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe beginning of latent fingerprint development on porous surface was first achieved by silver nitrate (AgNO3) method. But the significantly increasing cost has caused forensic experts to look for an alternative means. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) is the main component in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, namely silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Owing to its unique property to adhere with fingerprint residue, AgNPs have attracted a great attention in the domain of nano‐forensic fingerprinting. This study mainly focuses on the use of lower concentration of silver nitrate through new AgNP development method. The AgNPs were synthesized by wet chemical method with different molar concentrations (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 M) of silver nitrate, characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM). The average diameter of AgNPs calculated by HR‐TEM was 10.66 ± 1.22 nm at 0.1 M, 12.50 ± 2.64 nm at 0.01 M, and 14.44 ± 2.68 nm at 0.001 M, respectively. A comparative analysis was also carried out to see the quality and stability of fingerprints produced on paper or porous substrate by using AgNO3 and AgNPs, respectively. During the study, AgNPs were able to develop distinct ridge details and were found to be stable for more than a month. Comparatively, when AgNO3 was used as the developing agent for the latent fingerprints, only faint ridge patterns were observed which further showed degradation of fingerprint stability within about 20 days. Overall, the current AgNP method showed good visibility and stability by using lower concentration of silver nitrate which can be used in place of conventional AgNO3 method.
Automatic assessment of fingermarks quality: Exploration of the possible application in the context of detection and comparison with human examiners
Authors: Bonnaz Bérénice , De Donno Marco , Anthonioz Alexandre , Bécue Andy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn forensic science, particularly in the context of latent fingermarks detection, forensic scientists are often faced with the need to assess the quality of the detected fingermarks to quantitatively interpret their results and express conclusions. Today this process is mainly carried out by human examiners referring to guidelines or provided quality scales. The largest the set of fingermarks (e.g., hundreds, thousands), the longest and the most labor‐intensive this task becomes. Moreover, it is difficult to guarantee a fully objective process since the subjectivity of each individual is almost impossible to avoid, especially with regards to the interpretation of the quality scale levels or when facing fingermarks detected in an inhomogeneous manner. In this paper, the possibility of automatizing the quality assessment step is explored. The choice has been made to consider the use of quality assessment algorithms currently applied in an identification context. 150 natural fingermarks from ten donors were deposited on three different supports. These marks were detected using 1,2‐indanedione/zinc or cyanoacrylate fumigation depending on the support. Then, their quality was assessed by five examiners, according to the UNIL scale, and by seven algorithms (i.e., Lights Out, Latent Fingerprint Image Quality 1 and 2, Latent Quality Metric, Expected Score Likelihood Ratio, NIST Fingerprint Image Quality, MINDTCT). Spearman and Pearson correlations were calculated, and the distribution of scores for each algorithm was charted (using boxplots) against the results provided by the human examiners. The most promising results were obtained with the LQM algorithm, more specifically with the fingermark clarity metric.
Effect of communal dining and dining room enhancement interventions on nutritional, clinical and functional outcomes of patients in acute and sub‐acute hospital, rehabilitation and aged‐care settings: A systematic review
Authors: McLaren‐Hedwards Taya , D'cunha Kelly , Elder‐Robinson Elaina , Smith Claire , Jennings Cindy , Marsh Abigail , Young Adrienne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsThis review aimed to synthesise evidence on the impact of communal dining and/or dining room enhancement interventions on nutritional, clinical and functional outcomes of patients in hospital (acute or subacute), rehabilitation and residential aged‐care facility settings.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched in March 2020. Included studies considered the impact of communal dining and/or dining room enhancements on outcomes related to malnutrition in hospital (acute or subacute), rehabilitation and residential aged care facility settings. Risk of bias was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics quality checklist. Overall quality was assessed using GRADEpro software. Outcome data were combined narratively for communal dining and dining room enhancements respectively.ResultsEighteen articles from 17 unique studies were identified. Of these studies, one was a randomised control trial (moderate quality) and 16 were observational studies (all low quality). Communal dining interventions (four studies, n = 490) were associated with greater energy and protein intake and higher measures of quality of life than non‐communal mealtime settings. Dining room enhancement interventions (14 studies, n = 912), overall, contributed to increased intake of food, energy, protein and fluid.ConclusionsResults indicate that communal dining and/or dining room enhancement has a positive impact on several outcomes of interest, however, most available evidence is of low quality. Therefore, there is a need for further large‐scale, well‐designed experimental studies to assess the potential impacts of these interventions.
Hydrocarbon Enrichment and Main Controlling Factors in Offshore Rift Basins of China: A Case Study in the Beibuwan Basin
Authors: ZHANG Gongcheng , WU Aijun , LI Hongyi , QU Hongjun , LI Youchuan , XIAO Lingli , ZHANG Zhenyu , SHEN Jiao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBeibuwan Basin is an important offshore oil and gas bearing basin of China. However, the distribution of oil and gas in different sags is uneven, and the rule of hydrocarbon accumulation and main controlling factors have not been clearly understood in this basin. Based on abundant seismic, well and analytical data, the differences and main controlling of tectonic evolution, sedimentary filling and source rock quality in sags are analyzed, and combined with the study of geothermal filed, the main controlling factors of differential hydrocarbon generation in sags of the Beibuwan Basin are clarified. On the basis of the research above, the hydrocarbon enrichment of the basin is clarified through the systematic analysis of reservoir‐caprock assemblage and accumulation characteristics of different structural units. The results show that there are four NE‐trending sag zones in the basin, and under the influence of fault activity, the scale of sags is regularly distributed. The scale of rifts in different sag zones decreases gradually from northwest to southeast and the scale of rifts in the middle of a single sag zone is normally larger than that at two ends. Under the control of the sag‐controlling faults activity, paleoproductivity and organic matter preservation conditions, the quality of source rocks in sags of the Beibuwan Basin decreases from northwest to southeast. The hydrocarbon‐rich sags in the Beibuwan Basin were formed under the control of source rocks and geothermal field, and the distribution of large‐medium scale fields is controlled by the favorable structural traps in the rift strata of inner gentle slope zone. The understanding of the hydrocarbon enrichment and main controlling factors in the Beibuwan Basin also provides a significant guidance for the oil and gas exploration in other rift basins.
Characteristics of the Density and Magnetic Susceptibility of Rocks in Northern Borneo and their Constraints on the Lithologic Identification of the Mesozoic Rocks in the Southern South China Sea
Authors: TANG Huafeng , ZHAO Zhigang , TIAN Zhiwen , LU Baoliang , TANG Wu , HE Kailun , ZHU Chenxi , WANG Pujun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on the volume magnetic susceptibility and specific gravity measurements and mineral and lithologic identification results for 540 samples, the rock type, density, and magnetic susceptibility of rocks from northern Borneo were analyzed, and the applicability of gravity and magnetic data to the lithologic identification of the Mesozoic strata in the southern South China Sea was assessed accordingly. The results show that there are 3 types and 25 subtypes of rocks in northern Borneo, mainly intermediate‐mafic igneous rocks and exogenous clastic sedimentary rocks, with small amounts of endogenous sedimentary rocks, felsic igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks. The rocks that are very strongly–strongly magnetic and have high–medium densities are mostly igneous rocks, tuffaceous sandstones, and their metamorphic equivalents. The rocks that are weakly magnetic‐non‐magnetic and have medium–very low densities are mostly conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and coal. The rocks that are weakly magnetic‐diamagnetic and have high‐medium densities are mostly limestones and siliceous rocks. The Cenozoic rocks are characterized by low densities and medium susceptibilities; the Mesozoic rocks are characterized by medium densities and medium–high susceptibilities; and the pre‐Mesozoic rocks are characterized by high densities and low magnetism. Based on these results and the distribution characteristics of the various rock types, it was found that the pre‐Mesozoic rocks produce weak regional gravity anomalies; the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks produce negative regional gravity anomalies; whereas the Mesozoic igneous rocks produce positive regional gravity anomalies; and the Cenozoic igneous rocks produce positive regional gravity anomalies. The regional high magnetic anomalies in the southern part of the South China Sea originate from the Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks and their metamorphic equivalents; and the regional medium magnetic anomalies may be produced by the felsic igneous rocks and their metamorphic equivalents. Accordingly, the identification of the Mesozoic lithology in the southern South China Sea shows that the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are distributed over a large area of the southern South China Sea. Thus, it is concluded that the Mesozoic strata in this area have the potential for oil and gas exploration.
Differences in the Tectonic Evolution of Basins in the Central‐Southern South China Sea and their Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions
Authors: TANG Wu , ZHAO Zhigang , SONG Shuang , WANG Yibo , XIE Xiaojun , LIU Shixiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo reveal the causes of differences in the hydrocarbon accumulation in continental marginal basins in the central‐southern South China Sea, we used gravity‐magnetic, seismic, drilling, and outcrop data to investigate the tectonic histories of the basins and explore how these tectonic events controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these basins. During the subduction of the Cenozoic proto‐South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea, the continental margin basins in the central‐southern South China Sea could be classified as one of three types of epicontinental basins: southern extensional‐foreland basins, western extensional‐strike slip basins, and central extensional‐drift basins. Because these basins have different tectonic and sedimentary histories, they also differ in their accumulated hydrocarbon resources. During the Cenozoic, the basin groups in the southern South China Sea generally progressed through three stages: faulting and subsidence from the late Eocene to the early Miocene, inversion and uplift in the middle Miocene, and subsidence since the late Miocene. Hydrocarbon source rocks with marine–continental transitional facies dominated by II–III kerogen largely developed in extremely thick Miocene sedimentary series with the filling characteristics being mainly deep‐water deposits in the early stage and shallow water deposits in the late stage. With well‐developed sandstone and carbonate reservoirs, this stratum has a strong hydrocarbon generation potential. During the Cenozoic, the basin groups in the western South China Sea also progressed through the three developmental stages discussed previously. Hydrocarbon source rocks with lacustrine facies, marine‐continental transitional facies, and terrigenous marine facies dominated by II2–III kerogen largely developed in the relatively thick stratum with the filling characteristics being mainly lacustrine deposits in the early stage and marine deposits in the late stage. As a reservoir comprised of self‐generated and self‐stored sandstone, this unit also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential. Throughout those same three developmental stages, the basin groups in the central South China Sea generated hydrocarbon source rocks with terrigenous marine facies dominated by III kerogen that have developed in a stratum with medium thicknesses with the filling characteristics being mainly sandstone in the early stage and carbonate in the late stage. This reservoir, which is dominated by lower‐generation and upper‐storage carbonate rocks, also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.
Development of the Miocene Guangle Carbonate Platform in the South China Sea: Architecture and Controlling Factors
Authors: YANG Zhen , LI Xuelin , HUANG Lei , WANG Liaoliang , WU Shiguo , ZHANG Xinyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the evolution of the Miocene Guangle carbonate platform (or Triton Horst) of the northwestern South China Sea margin. The platform is located at a junction area surrounded by Yinggehai basin, Qiongdongnan basin and Zhongjiannan basin. Well and regional geophysical data allow the identification of the morphologic and stratigraphic patterns. The Guangle carbonate platform was initiated on a tectonic uplift during the Early Miocene. The early platform was limited at Mesozoic granitic basement, pre‐Paleogene sediments localized tectonic uplift and was small extension at the beginning stage. While during the Middle Miocene, the carbonate buildup flourished, and grow a thrived and thick carbonate succession overlining the whole Guangle Uplift. The isolated platforms then united afterward and covered an extensive area of several tens of thousands of square kilometers. However, it terminated in the Late Miocene. What are the control factors on the initiation, growth and demise of the Guangle carbonate platform? The onset of widespread carbonate deposits largely reflected the Early Miocene transgression linked with early post‐rift subsidence and the opening of the South China Sea. Stressed carbonate growth conditions on the Guangle carbonate platform probably resulted from increased inorganic nutrient input derived from the adjacent uplifted mainland, possibly enhanced by deteriorated climatic conditions promoting platform drowning. Therefore, tectonics and terrigenous input could be two main controlling factors on the development of the Guangle carbonate platforms and main evolution stages.
U‐Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry of Stratiform Garnet from the Aqishan Pb‐Zn Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China: Constraints on Genesis of the Deposit
Authors: WEN Bin , ZHANG Yuanhou , YANG Wanzhi , DU Shangze , WANG Peng , LIU Jinwei , CHEN Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Aqishan lead‐zinc deposit, located in the Jueluotag metallogenic belt of eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, Northwest China, has a stratiform occurrence in the marine volcanic tuff of the Yamansu Formation. The ore body has a typical double‐layer structure, having a stratified, stratoid, lenticular upper part and a veined, stockwork‐like lower part. The occurrence of the upper orebody is consistent with that of the volcanic tuff wall rock. The ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena and magnetite, the altered minerals mainly being silicified, such as sericite, chlorite, epidote, garnet. The garnetized skarn, being stratiform and stratoid, is closely related to the upper part of the orebody. Geological observations show that the limestone in the ore‐bearing Yamansu Formation is not marbleized and skarnized. Spatially, it is associated with the ferromanganese deposits in the marine volcanic rocks of the Yamansu Formation. These geological features reflect the likelihood that the Aqishan lead‐zinc deposit is a hydrothermal exhalation sedimentary deposit. The results from the EPMA show that the garnet is mainly composed of grossular–andradite series, contents being in a range of 34.791–37.8% SiO2, 32.493–34.274% CaO, 8.454–27.275% FeO, 0.012–15.293% Al2O3, 0.351–1.413% MnO, and lower values of 0.013–1.057% TiO2. The content of SiO2vs. CaO and FeO vs. Al2O3has a significant positive correlation. The results of ICP‐MS analysis for the garnet show that the REE pattern is oblique to right in general. The total amount of rare earth elements is relatively low, ΣREE = 71.045–826.52 ppm, which is relatively enriched for LREE and depleted for HREE. LREE/HREE = 8.66–4157.75, LaN/YbN= 23.51–984.34, with obvious positive Eu and Ce anomalies (δEu = 2.27–76.15,δCe = 0.94–1.85). This result is similar to the REE characteristics of ore‐bearing rhyolite volcanic rocks, showing that the garnet was formed in an oxidizing environment and affected by clear hydrothermal activity. The U‐Pb isotopic dating of garnet by fs‐LA‐HR‐ICP‐MS gives an age of 316.3 ± 4.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.4), which is consistent with the formation time of the Yamansu Formation. According to the study of deposit characteristics and geochemical characteristics, this study concludes that the Aqishan lead‐zinc deposit is a hydrothermal exhalation sedimentary deposit, the garnet being caused by hydrothermal exhalative sedimentation.
Father Founders: Did Child Gender Affect Voting at the Constitutional Convention?
Authors: Pope Jeremy C. , Schmidt Soren J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHow did child gender affect deliberations and voting at the 1787 U.S. Constitutional Convention? Though recent scholarship has found profound and far‐reaching influence of child gender upon the beliefs and behavior of modern parents, there is no reason to believe that this is only an important consideration in the present. Leveraging the natural experiment of child gender, we test whether the gender of a delegate's children influenced his voting. We hypothesize that fathers of sons would favor creating a strong national government because they could more easily envision their sons holding places in the emergent empire (especially younger sons). Using new data on delegates’ children, we find statistically and substantively significant results: having sons indeed predicts delegates’ favoring a stronger, centralized national government (with daughters showing an opposite effect). These differences are sufficiently large to have likely affected the Convention's proceedings and therefore the U.S. Constitution.
Validation of the Persian version of the mental health literacy scale in Iran
Authors: Ghaedamini Harouni Gholamreza , Sajjadi Homeira , Forouzan Ameneh Setareh , Ahmadi Sina , Ghafari Mansoore , Vameghi Meroe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study was designed to validate an English version of the mental health literacy scale into Persian, in Iran. Statistical population consisted of all residents of 22 municipal districts of Tehran, Iran, in 2018. Multistage sampling methods were used (sample size = 1026). All participants filled the Mental Health Literacy scale; 12‐item General Health Questionnaire; Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale and a demographic checklist. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the intra‐class correlation coefficient was used for analysing data. All analyses were run with SPSS and AMOS Graphics version 18. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five components (24 items) explaining 21.68%, 20.24%, 8.97%, 6.48% and 5.36% of the variance respectively (totally explained variance = 62.74%). Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable goodness‐of‐fit (CMIN/DF = 3.19, GFI = 0.887, CFI = 0.893, IFI = 0.894, TLI = 0.877, RMSEA = 0.065). The values of Cronbach's alpha showed satisfactory internal consistency. Two clinical correlates of mental health literacy were investigated. The structure of the mental health literacy scale was to some extent different from the one in O'Connor et al. study, but it was consistent with the definition of MHL presented by Jorm et al. This is the first Persian version of the MHL in the general population in Iran and undoubtedly needs to be checked on more studies.
Syn‐rift sediment gravity flow deposition on a Late Jurassic fault‐terraced slope, northern North Sea
Authors: Tillmans Fabian , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Rotevatn Atle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStructurally controlled bathymetry in rifts has a significant influence on sediment routing pathways and depositional architecture of sediment gravity flow deposits. In contrast to rift segments characterized by crustal‐scale half‐grabens, the tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of deep‐water rift domains characterised by distributed faulting on narrow fault terraces has received little attention. We use 3D broadband seismic data, calibrated by boreholes, from the Lomre and Uer terraces in the northern North Sea rift to investigate Late Jurassic syn‐rift sediment gravity flow systems on fault‐terraced slopes. The sediment gravity flow fairways were sourced from hinterland drainages via basin margin deltaic systems on the Horda Platform to the southeast. The deep‐water sedimentary systems evolve from initial, widespread submarine channelized lobe complexes, through submarine channels, to incised submarine canyons. This progressive confinement of the sediment gravity flow system was concomitant with progressive localization of strain onto the main terrace‐bounding faults. Although the normal fault network on the terraces has local impact on deep‐water sediment transport and the architecture of gravity flow deposits, it is the regional basin margin to rift axis gradient that dominantly controls deep‐water sediment routing. Furthermore, the gravity flow deposits on the Lomre and Uer terraces were predominantly sourced by rift margin deltaic systems, not from erosion of local uplifted footwall crests, emphasising the significance of hinterland catchments in the development of volumetrically significant deep‐water syn‐rift depositional systems.