bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon-Nitrogen bond formation on Cu electrodes during CO2 reduction in NO3- solution
Authors: Krzywda Piotr , Rodríguez Ainoa Paradelo , Benes Nieck , Mei Bastian , Mul Guido 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In performing electrochemical reduction of CO2 over Cu electrodes, the anions present in solution typically do not participate in the formation of reaction products. NO3- is an exception, and previous reports indicate the formation of urea in certain process conditions. Here we demonstrate by use of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Mass spectrometry that simultaneous reduction of NO3- and CO2 on Cu surfaces forms carbon-nitrogen bonds in the form of cyanide. The Raman peak position of C≡N is dependent on the oxidation state of the Cu surface, and Cu-C≡N can be oxidized by anodic polarization yielding NO. More importantly, Cyanide likely forms soluble Cu-C≡N complexes, which cause catalyst surface instability. The implications of this observation for practical application of a process for electrochemical formation of urea, are discussed.
Bacterial infection drives trained immunity through epigenetic remodeling of epithelial stem cells
Authors: Hultgren Scott , Russell Seongmi , Lee Hyung Joo , Olson Benjamin , Livny Jonathan , O’Brien Valerie , Yu Lu , Roberson Elisha , Estfanous Shady , Amer Amal , Colonna Marco , Stappenbeck Thaddeus , Wang Ting , Hannan Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recurrent bacterial infections are a major health burden worldwide, yet the mechanisms dictating host susceptibility to recurrence are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that an initial bacterial infection of the urinary bladder with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) can induce sustained epigenetic changes in the bladder epithelial (urothelial) stem cells that reprogram the differentiated urothelium. We established urothelial stem cell (USC) lines from isogenic mice with different urinary tract infection histories (naïve, chronic or self-resolving). Differentiation of the USC lines in Transwell culture resulted in polarized urothelial cultures that recapitulated distinct remodeling morphologies seen in vivo. In addition, we discovered differences in chromatin accessibility that segregated by disease history, resulting in differences in gene expression upon differentiation of the USC lines in vitro, based on ATAC-seq analysis of the USC lines. Differential basal expression of Caspase-1 led to divergent susceptibilities to inflammatory cell death upon UPEC infection. In mice with a history of chronic infection, enhanced caspase 1-mediated inflammatory cell death was found to be a protective response that enhanced bacterial clearance upon challenge infection. Thus, UPEC infection reshapes the epigenome leading to epithelial-intrinsic remodeling that trains the mucosal immune response to subsequent infection. These findings may have broad implications for the prevention of chronic/recurrent bacterial infections.
Targeting CD33 for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy
Authors: liu Jing jing , Tong Jia Yin , Yang Hai Ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the level of CD33 expression in patients with newly diagnosed AML and determine its correlation with clinical characteristics. Methods: Samples were collected for analysis from AML patients at diagnosis. We evaluated the level of CD33 expression by flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow. Chi-square or t- tests were used to assess the association of categorical variables between the high and low CD33 expression groups. Spearman’s rho was applied when appropriate. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results
① In this study we evaluated the level of CD33 expression in de novo patients diagnosed from November 2013 until January 2019. The mean value of 73.4% was used as the cutoff for the two groups. Statistical analysis revealed that 53 of the 86 (61.2%) AML patients were above the mean.② Although there was no statistical significance between CD33 expression level and gene mutation, FLT3 mutation (P=0.002) and NPM1 mutation (P༝0.001)were more likely to be seen in the high CD33 group. ③ The overall survival (OS) was worse in the high CD33 group (39.0 m vs. 16.7 m, x2 = 7.385, P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that the high expression of CD33 was an unfavorable prognostic factor. ④ Of the 86 patients, CD33-high was closely related to the patients with normal karyotype (x2 = 4.891,P = 0.027), high white blood cell count (WBC, t = 2.804, P = 0.007), and a high ratio of primitive cells (t = 2.851, P = 0.005).
Conclusions
These findings provide a strong rationale for targeting CD33 in combination with chemotherapy, which can be considered a promising therapeutic strategy for AML.
Unique Case of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Ampulla of Vater with microsatellite instability and response to pembrolizumab immunotherapy
Authors: Samad Muhammad Adeel , Shelton Jarod , Asplund Martin , Penna Diane C. Shih Della , Johnson Dennis E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma is a very rare entity and there are only 11 reported cases to date. We describe a case of primary SCC of the ampulla of Vater with microsatellite instability (MSI) and response to pembrolizumab immunotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SCC of ampulla of Vater with MSI. We also performed a review of literature to determine the treatment modalities for this pathology.Case presentation: A 40-year-old male presented with direct bilirubinemia (total bilirubin: 10.7, direct bilirubin: 7.1) and was noted to have a pancreatic head mass which measured 6.6 x 5.5 x 5.5 cm. The patient underwent a pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with lymph node dissection. Pathology showed 5.5 x 3.5 x 3.5 cm squamous cell carcinoma of ampulla of Vater based on positive p40 and CK5 on immunohistochemistry. It was noted to be invading pancreatic head and duodenal mucosal. Surgical margins were negative. Adjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFIRINOX (irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin) was not performed because of active Hepatitis C infection. Chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and radiation therapy was initiated however patient had progression of disease despite that. The patient was transitioned to Pembrolizumab in context of MSI high tumour with palliative intent. He had an excellent response to immunotherapy. The therapy was stopped after 18 cycles on patient request because of persistent symptoms of dizziness and lethargy. At the eight-month follow-up after the last cycle of immunotherapy (2.5 years after surgical resection), the patient had no evidence of relapse on CT scan. Conclusions: Surgical resection is mainstay of treatment for primary squamous cell carcinoma of ampulla of Vater. Genetic testing for mismatch repair (MMR) genes should be performed for all patients and immunotherapy with Pembrolizumab should be considered in tumours with high microsatellite instability. Radiotherapy is not effective for this pathology.
CDKN2AIP Induces Cellular Senescence and Apoptosis of Testicular Seminoma Tumor by Interacting with CARM1 and eIF4B
Authors: Zhang Yuanzhen , yuming Cao , zhenlie Chen , zihan Qin , kaiyu Qian , tongzu Liu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTesticular seminoma are relatively rare tumors, which are mostly detected in male population aged between 15 to 44 years old. Although previous researches identified several molecular biomarkers associated with testicular seminoma pathogenesis, the exact mechanism for testicular seminoma progression remains largely unknown. CDKN2AIP has been previously indicated as tumor suppressor in multiple malignant diseases, in this study we aimed to further discover its role in testicular seminoma and underlying molecular mechanismsMethodsRetrospectively collected testicular seminoma clinical samples and normal tissues combined with NTERA-2 cell line models, as well as mice xenograft models were utilized for this study. CDKN2AIP expression and its interaction with CARM1 and eIF4B were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence assay combined with Co-IP and IP-MS experiments. Cellular senescence and apoptosis were subsequently evaluated via SA-beta-gal staining assay and H3K9me3 activity experiments. Mice xenograft animal model was used for in-vivo validation studyResultsCDKN2AIP was highly-expressed in normal testis samples, and was significantly suppressed in testicular seminoma clinical samples and cell line models. Up-regulation of CDKN2AIP was significantly associated with inhibited testicular seminoma tumor growth and increased cellular senescence and apoptosis. Further experiments demonstrated CDKN2AIP exhibited anti-tumor activity via interaction with CARM and eIF4ConclusionCDKN2AIP induced testicular seminoma cellular senescence by suppressing CARM1 expression and eIF4B phosphorylation. CDKN2AIP-CARM1 and CDKN2AIP-eIF4B interaction-induced tumor cell senescence and apoptosis might be potential druggable molecular pathway in testicular seminoma tumor pathogenesis and progression
Impact of Folate Biofortified Food Supplement on Rural Women Health and Willingness-to-pay: A Study Based on A Connected Randomized Controlled Trial- Becker–DeGroot–Marschak Experiment in China
Authors: Qing Ping , Li Yan , Liao Fen , Feng Jie , Wang Anxu , Li Jian , Huo Junsheng , Wang Linjie , Chen Tong , Sun Jing , Mao Hongmei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We examined whether folate-fortified maize (FFM) improves the health of rural women of childbearing age and whether the health intervention is associated with the formulation of consumer willingness-to-pay (WTP). A randomized single-blind folate-fortified maize intervention trial was conducted in rural childbearing-aged women. Participants consumed one stalk of either folate-fortified maize (FFM) (treatment group) or ordinary maize (control group) daily for 2 months (n = 55). Serum folate levels were assessed at baseline, mid stage (after 1 month), and final stage (after 2 months) to assess the effect of FFM. Results showed that the serum folate level in the treatment group (13.31 ng/mL) was 3.40 ng/mL higher than that in the control group (9.91 ng/mL) in the final stage of the study. We obtained suggestive evidence that regular dietary FFM intake significantly increased serum folate levels in rural Chinese women. We further recruited 181 local rural women with similar demographic characteristics to participate in a Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) bidding experiment to measure their WTP for FFM. Results showed that local consumers were willing to pay 2.82 CNY per FFM stalk, approximately 1.21 CNY higher than the price of ordinary maize. We provide evidence on the health improvement effect of biofortified foods and shed light on the associated consumer valuation and policy implementation.
Analysis of the effects of Lead-Time variation and Lateral Transshipment insertion in a Supply Chain Network
Authors: Sakhri Mohamed Salim Amri , Tlili Mounira , Korbaa Ouajdi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In a supply chain, inventory is the single largest source of costs for a company. This is due to the various physical and informational activities that accompany inventory management, primarily the holding and transportation of inventory. Companies are looking to streamline these activities and minimize the associated costs. One of the most coveted models to jointly solve these two problems is the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP), which will be the focus of this study. This paper addresses the case of a deterministic replenishment demand in a distribution network consisting of a supplier and a number of customers to be served by a single vehicle over a finite planning horizon. We will first study the impact of increasing supplier lead times on network costs. Then, we will study the effects of the Lateral Transshipment (LT) technique on the overall network cost. A mathematical model is developed and solved by an exact method. The results obtained will show that LT is an effective tool capable of improving the total network cost and balancing the customers’ inventory level.
The Impact of Comorbid Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Long-Term Outcomes after Curative Resection
Authors: Sakamoto Yuzuru , Shimada Shingo , Kamiyama Toshiya , Sugiyama Ko , Asahi Yoh , Nagatsu Akihisa , Orimo Tatsuya , Kakisaka Tatsuhiko , Kamachi Hirofumi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. However, the number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also on the rise because of the increase in lifestyle-related diseases. To establish a tailored management strategy for HCC patients, we evaluated the impact of comorbid renal dysfunction (RD), as stratified by using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and assessed the oncologic validity of hepatectomy for HCC patients with RD.Methods:We enrolled 800 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy between 1997 and 2015 in our university hospital. We categorized patients into two (RD, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2; non-RD, 60 ≤ eGFR) and three groups (severe CKD, eGFR < 30; mild CKD, 30 ≤ eGFR < 60; control, 60 ≤ eGFR) according to renal function as defined by the eGFR. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared among these groups with the log-rank test, and we also analyzed survival by using a propensity score matching (PSM) model for excluding the influence of patient characteristics. The mean of postoperative observation period was 64.7 ± 53.0 months.Results:RD patients were significantly older and had lower serum total bilirubin, AST, and ALT levels than those in non-RD patients (P < 0.0001, P < 0.001, < 0.05, and < 0.01, respectively). No patient was introduced to maintenance hemodialysis after surgery. Although the overall postoperative complications rates were similar between RD and non-RD patients, the proportions of postoperative bleeding and surgical site infection were significantly higher in RD patients (5.5% vs. 1.8%; P < 0.05, 3.9% vs. 1.8%; P < 0.05, respectively), and postoperative bleeding was the highest in severe CKD group (P < 0.05). Regardless of the degree of comorbid RD, OS and RFS were comparative, even when using PSM between RD and non-RD groups to exclude the influence of patient characteristics, liver function, and other causes of death.Conclusions:Comorbid RD had a negligible impact on the prognosis of HCC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy with appropriate perioperative management, and close attention to severe CKD is necessary to prevent postoperative bleeding and surgical site infection. Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine under Clinical Research Number 016-0354
Morphological Evaluation of Asparagus Azerbaijanensis Wild Accessions and Drought Tolerance Assessment of Iranian Asparagus Under Greenhouse Condition
Authors: Namaki Atefeh , Ghahremani Zahra , Ranjbar Mohamad Ebrahim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Some of the most cultivated commercial cultivars of asparagus are susceptible to abiotic stresses. Different species of asparagus plant are distributed in different regions of Iran which could be useful genetic resources for applying in asparagus breeding programs. The purposes of the current study were to evaluate morphological variation of A. azerbaijanensis accessions and drought tolerance assessment of Iranian asparagus in order to introduce superior accessions. Two different accessions of A. azerbaijanensis species were collected. A number of 30 plants were selected and 22 morphological traits were then evaluated. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was performed in order to drought tolerance assessment of 9 Iranian asparagus accessions. The average of spear length and diameter in Ahar and Makou plants were 48.94 cm and 4.70 mm, respectively. Based on results, plants of Ahar accession produced short and thick spears but on the other hand, Makou accession plants produced longer and thinner spears. Score 8 (80% similarity rate) was averagely chosen by panel members in terms of similarity rate of A. azerbaijanensis accessions spears taste to that of Mary Washington commercial cultivar. The highest percentage of seed germination was recorded in Baladeh and Gazanak accessions (71.66 and 70.83%, respectively). Baladeh accession showed the highest carotenoid content under drought stress conditions (0.43 mg g Fw− 1). Suitable size and delicious taste of spear in A. azerbaijanensis species has made it a suitable candidate for commercial cultivation and also improving spear characteristics by using selection method. Baladeh and Gazanak accessions could be introduced as superior accessions with high drought tolerance rate. High resistance rate of these accessions can be related to their ploidy level and distribution areas characteristics.
Age-Related Differences in The Survival Benefit of Anticoagulants in Sepsis: A Retrospective Sub-Analysis of A Prospective Multicenter study
Authors: Wada Takeshi , Yamakawa Kazuma , Kabata Daijiro , Abe Toshikazu , Ogura Hiroshi , Shiraishi Atsushi , Saitoh Daizoh , Kushimoto Shigeki , Fujishima Seitaro , Mayumi Toshihiko , Hifumi Toru , Shiino Yasukazu , Nakada Taka-aki , Tarui Takehiko , Otomo Yasuhiro , Okamoto Kohji , Umemura Yutaka , Kotani Joji , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Sasaki Junichi , Shiraishi Shin-ichiro , Takuma Kiyotsugu , Tsuruta Ryosuke , Hagiwara Akiyoshi , Masuno Tomohiko , Takeyama Naoshi , Yamashita Norio , Ikeda Hiroto , Ueyama Masashi , Fujimi Satoshi , Gando Satoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is one of the major organ dysfunctions associated with sepsis. This retrospective secondary analysis comprised data from a prospective multicenter study to investigate the age-related differences in the survival benefit of anticoagulant therapy in sepsis according to the DIC diagnostic criteria. Adult patients with severe sepsis based on the Sepsis-2 criteria were enrolled and divided into the following groups: (1) anticoagulant group (patients who received anticoagulant therapy) and (2) non-anticoagulant group (patients who did not receive anticoagulant therapy). Patients in the former group were administered antithrombin, recombinant human thrombomodulin, and their combination. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that the risk increases were suppressed in the high-DIC-score patients aged 60–70 years receiving anticoagulant therapy. No favorable association of anti-coagulant therapy with hospital mortality was observed in patients aged 50 years and 80 years. Furthermore, anticoagulant therapy in the lower-DIC-score range increased the risk in patients aged 50–60 years. In conclusion, anticoagulant therapy was associated with decreased hospital mortality according to a higher DIC score in septic patients aged 60–70 years. Anticoagulant therapy, however, was not associated with a better outcome in relatively younger and older patients with sepsis.
Spontaneous Globe Subluxation: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature
Authors: Yadete Tesfaye , Isby Ian , Patel Ketan , Lin Alex 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSpontaneous globe subluxation (SGS) is an atraumatic anterior dislocation of the eyeball. It is exceedingly rare. Understanding SGS predisposing factors may help uncover its etiology and undertake vision-saving management.Case presentationA 48-year-old female presented to the ED with her right eye out of its socket. She reports blurry vision, photophobia, and pain in the affected eye. She was unable to close her right eyelid and was in obvious distress. On arrival, her blood pressure was elevated. Her medical history was notable for hypertension and obesity. On physical examination, extraocular eye movements were not intact, and the globe appeared whole and round. She was also unable to count fingers with the affected eye. There was no visible trauma to the face. Multiple wet gauzes with sterile saline were placed over the displaced eyeball. Direct and even pressure was applied on the globe. Within thirty seconds, the globe was reduced back in. The patient was able to close her eyelids and reports substantial pain relief with reduction. A CT scan of the orbits was then obtained, demonstrating mild bilateral proptosis. The globes were normal and symmetric. No intraconal or extraconal abscess or infection was seen. There were no intraconal or extraconal masses. There was no acute orbital traumatic injury, no avulsion of the optic nerve, ocular rupture, or retrobulbar hematoma. After reviewing the case with an ophthalmologist, a follow up appointment with the ophthalmologist was arranged. The patient was discharged on erythromycin ointment. Post-discharge investigation of the CT imaging revealed dilated optic nerve sheaths, tortuosity of the optic nerve, and empty sella. ConclusionsIn addition to causing distress and severe anxiety, SGS poses numerous immediate as well as long-term complications. Traction of the optic nerve and retinal vasculature may potentially cause retinal venous congestion and loss of visual acuity with potential vision loss. In the absence of known risk factors or disease processes, orbital imaging and serological studies for thyroid ophthalmopathy should be considered.
Mapping inland water bathymetry with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) on board Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs)
Authors: Bandini Filippo , Kooij Lukas , Mortensen Bjørn Karl , Caspersen Marie Boeskov , Olesen Daniel , Bauer-Gottwein Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Bathymetry of inland waterbodies is essential for river maintenance and flood risk management. Traditionally, in shallow depths bathymetry is retrieved by operators wading through the waterbody with Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), whilst in deeper depths it is retrieved with sonar instruments on manned or unmanned. In the past, researchers have documented the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) on boats (i.e. water-coupled GPR) for monitoring the bathymetry of frozen and non-frozen waterbodies. Furthermore, GPR has been used on helicopters for monitoring ice and snow thickness. However, deployment of GPR on board Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) in non-frozen inland water bodies with electric conductivity higher than 100 µS/cm (as is common in most inland waterbodies in non-polar regions) is unexplored. In this paper, we document the possibility to use drone-borne and water-coupled GPR in several cross-sections located in three different waterbodies (1 lake and 2 rivers) in Denmark. These waterbodies had different bed sediment materials and vegetation conditions, an electric conductivity varying from 200 to 340 µS/cm and depths up to 2.5 meters. Drone-borne GPR showed accuracy similar to water-coupled GPR when compared to RTK GNSS ground-truth measurements, with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of approx. 8 cm. The only limitations of drone-borne GPR were i) worse minimum depth measurement capability (typically 0.8–1.1 m for drone-borne GPR, while 0.3–0.4 metres for water-coupled GPR) ii) requirement to fly the GPR antenna at altitudes of approx. 0.5 meters above the water surface to avoid high spreading losses and strong surface clutter events hiding the signal. Finally, GPR measurements were benchmarked against traditional sonar measurements, showing that GPR measurements significantly outperform sonar measurements in waterbodies with medium or high density of aquatic vegetation.