bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of determinants of low birth weight and stunting among under five children of adolescent and non-adolescent mothers using 2015/16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS)
Authors: Mtongwa Ramadhani H. , Festo Charles , Elisaria Ester 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Tanzania is one of the Sub-Saharan African country with nearly 12 out of 60 million people being adolescent. The prevalence of child marriage is higher with one out of every three girls being married before reaching their 18th birthday, 5 % being married by the age of 15, and 31% by the age of 18 years. Literature shows early pregnancy is associated with Low Birth Weight (LBW) and stunting among children under 5 years. This paper explores variation and factors associated with low birth weight and stunting among children born by adolescent and non-adolescent mothers.

Methods
Data from 13,266 women with children under 5 years collected as part of the 2015/2016 TDHS was re-analyzed using STATA version 14 software while accounting for survey design. A total of 6385 women (of which 7.2% were adolescent) and 8852 women (of which 6.7% were adolescent) were involved in the analysis of child birth weight and stunting respectively. Descriptive statistics stratified by maternal age was conducted with LBW and stunting as outcome variables followed by logistic regressions models controlling for confounding variables.

Results
The proportion of obese or overweight adolescent and non-adolescent mothers was 11.8 and 36.5% respectively. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance, areas of residence and social economic status were very similar in the two maternal age groups. Non- adolescent mothers had reduced odds of giving birth to LBW babies compared to adolescent mothers (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22–0.50). Maternal undernutrition (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.43–3.67), being divorced, separated or widowed (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.24–2.50) and having at least four ANC visits (AOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49–0.83) were significantly associated with reduced odds of having a LBW. Child stunting was not associated with maternal age. Maternal high socioeconomic status (AOR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.84) and maternal obesity or overweight (AOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64–0.92) were negatively associated with stunting. Child birth weight, sex, and age were significantly associated with stunting.

Conclusion
Maternal age was a predictor of LBW but not stunting. ANC attendance and not living with a spouse increase the risk of LBW babies. Stunting was associated with low maternal body mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status, child birth weight, gender, and age. A multi-sectoral approach is needed to address child nutrition problems with teenagers ‘specific intervention that offer emotional support, and health education during pregnancies for improving immediate and later life child birth outcomes.
Moving beyond informal action: sustainable energy and the humanitarian response system
Authors: Thomas Peter James Matthew , Rosenberg-Jansen Sarah , Jenks Aimee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnergy and humanitarian action have long been uneasy bedfellows. In the field, many humanitarian practitioners lack the time or remit to engage with a complex issue such as energy, and the topic to date has received relatively little attention from the private, development and academic sectors. This paper hopes to provide more clarity on energy in forced displacement settings by analysing how energy is interwoven with the humanitarian cluster system. This paper has two aims: (1) to assess existing evidence in the sector and explain the links between energy and each of the humanitarian clusters and (2) to provide recommendations on how humanitarian response efforts can transition from informal action to a comprehensive response on sustainable energy provision. This paper is the first to investigate the role of energy using the cluster system as a framework and contributes to a rapidly evolving field of research and practice on energy in humanitarian contexts. Our analysis demonstrates that energy is not fully integrated within humanitarian programme planning. Further, it highlights pathways for improving humanitarian outcomes enabled by improved energy practices. We identify ten ways clusters can integrate action on energy to support crisis-affected communities.
Memory for diverse faces in a racially attentive context
Authors: Marsh Benjamin Uel , Revenaugh Deborah , Weeks Taylor , Lee Hyun Seo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo experiments assessed how racial ambiguity and racial salience moderates the cross-race effect (CRE). In experiment 1, White and Black participants studied and identified the race of Asian, Black, Latino, and White faces that varied in ethnic typicality (high or low ET). For White participants, the CRE was larger when comparing high-ET White faces to high-ET other-race faces than low-ET other-race faces. Black participants showed a similar CRE reduction by ethnic typicality, but also showed a less prevalent CRE than White participants. Experiment 2 replicated experiment 1 procedures, but without the race identification task and only with White participants. Experiment 2 findings were comparable to experiment 1. Furthermore, experiment 2 showed a noticeably smaller CRE on Black faces than experiment 1, eliciting questions about increased racial salience amplifying the CRE. Results’ general implications and the conceptual roots that indirectly link the CRE and racism will be discussed.
Computational analyses of amino acid molecules of heat shock protein-70 for elucidating its evolutionary diversity and protein interactions in selected farm animals
Authors: Sikiru A. B. , Makinde O. J. , Opoola E. , Omotugba S. K. , Musa A. R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) is a protein associated with response and adaptation to stress, as well as protection of the cells against thermal and oxidative stress in animals. It is an evolutionarily conserved protein, but its expression has been reportedly varied. Therefore, this study implemented computational analyses of the amino acid sequences of this gene for a better understanding of the evolutionary and protein interactions variations associated with the gene to facilitate its exploitation for the breeding of animals with increasing adaptation to heat stress.

Results
The result showed that there is a wide evolutionary distance between humans and the selected farm animals studied but elegans shared a common evolutionary relationship with the farm animals. The sequence identity analysis returned exact matches among the sequences as minimum = 8.09%, maximum = 98.58%, and mean ± SD = 71.03 ± 26.3% across all the species, while the sequence similarities resemblance among the sequences were minimum = 16.49%, maximum = 100%, and mean ± SD = 78.99 ± 24.39%. The global block substitution matrix (BLOSUM62) analysis returned minimum = 0.18, maximum = 0.98, and mean ± SD = 0.62 ± 0.34. The analysis of the molecular weight of the protein sequences returned minimum = 5.70 kDa, maximum = 6.41 kDa, mean = 6.28 kDa, and standard deviation 0.17 kDa, and the isoelectric point of the protein sequences was minimum = 4.55, maximum = 7.17, mean = 5.56, and standard deviation = 0.65 while the hydrophobicity of the protein sequences were minimum = 45.20 kcal/mol, maximum = 53.02 kcal/mol, mean = 47.81 kcal/mol, and standard deviation = 1.85 kcal/mol.

Conclusion
The outcomes of the computational analyses led to the conclusion that variations exist in the conservations of amino acid residues of the gene in the studied farm and non-farm animals, and this is responsible for the differences and similarities in the expression of the HSP70 gene in different animals. It was also concluded that elegans are suitable model that could be exploited for a better understanding of response and adaptation to heat stress in duck, chicken, cattle, sheep, and goat when focusing on regulation and expression of heat shock protein gene 70 (HSP70).
Three-point iterative algorithm in the absence of the derivative for solving nonlinear equations and their basins of attraction
Authors: Bahgat Mohamed S. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we suggested and analyzed a new higher-order iterative algorithm for solving nonlinear equation $$g(x)=0$$

g
(
x
)
=
0

, $$g:{\mathbb {R}}\longrightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

g
:
R
⟶
R

, which is free from derivative by using the approximate version of the first derivative, and we studied the basins of attraction for the proposed iterative algorithm to find complex roots of complex functions $$g:{\mathbb {C}}\longrightarrow {\mathbb {C}}$$

g
:
C
⟶
C

. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for the real and the complex domains, the numerical results for the considered examples are given and graphically clarified. The basins of attraction of the existing methods and our algorithm are offered and compared to clarify their performance. The proposed algorithm satisfied the condition such that $$|x_{m}-\alpha |<1.0 \times 10^{-15}$$

|

x
m

-
α
|
<
1.0
×

10

-
15

, as well as the maximum number of iterations is less than or equal to 3, so the proposed algorithm can be applied to efficiently solve numerous type non-linear equations.
The effect of virtual reality distraction on reducing patients' anxiety before coronary angiography: a randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Keshvari Mostafa , Yeganeh Mohammad Reza , Paryad Ezzat , Roushan Zahra Atrkar , Pouralizadeh Moluk 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronary angiography is used as a qualified method to diagnose coronary heart disease. However, patients undergoing coronary angiography experience a great deal of anxiety. The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of virtual reality on anxiety before coronary angiography. In a randomized controlled trial, 60 candidates for coronary angiography were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups from April to July 2019. Data were collected by Spielberger’s situational anxiety questionnaire. The participants’ anxiety level and their heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were measured before and immediately after the intervention. The Intervention group received virtual reality intervention, and the control group was cared for based on the hospital routine. Data were entered into the SPSS version 24.0 software (SPSS Inc.) and analyzed using Chi-square, Paired samples, and independent sample t tests.

Results
The majority of participants were male (71.25%) and the Mean ± SD age of them in the intervention and control groups was 50.95 ± 4.120 and 52.08 ± 4.002 years, respectively. The mean score of anxiety (p < 0.01), heart rate (p = 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.016) after the intervention in the intervention group decreased significantly.

Conclusions
This study indicated the implementation of a VR distraction protocol in the patients could effectively reduce perioperative anxiety and its indices. It showed that VR is a safe method without any complications related to the device and with good acceptability.
Registration code IRCT201 40515017693N3.
Mortality probabilities after revascularization and medical therapy in CAD patients under 60 years old: a meta-analysis study
Authors: Afrouzi Mohammad , Azar Farbod Ebadi Fard , Aboutorabi Ali , Hajahmadi Marjan , Ebadi Seyed Javad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo estimate death probabilities after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and medical therapy (MT) in patients under 60 years old. We conducted a search systematic on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to January 2021. The study included three parts. In the probabilities part (A), Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, and in the comparison parts (B and C), Review Manager was used in conducting meta-analyses. Nine studies consisting of 16,410 people with a mean age of 51.2 ± 6 years were included in the meta-analysis. Over a mean follow-up of 3.7 ± 2 years, overall mortality after CABG, PCI and MT was 3.6% (95% CI 0.021–0.061), 4.3% (95% CI 0.023–0.080) and 9.7% (95% CI 0.036–0.235), respectively. The length of follow-up periods was almost the same and did not differ much (p = 0.19). In Part B (without adjustment of baseline characteristics), 495 (4.0%) of 12,198 patients assigned to CABG died compared with 748 (4.5%) of 16,458 patients assigned to PCI (risk ratio [RR]: 0.77, 95% CI 0.50–1.20; p = 0.25). Seventy-four (3.5%) of 2120 patients assigned to CABG and 68 (4.2%) of 1621 patients assigned to PCI died compared with 103 (9.5%) of 1093 patients assigned to MT in equal follow-up periods (CABG-MT: RR 0.34; 95% CI 0.23–0.51; p < 0.002) (PCI-MT: RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.30–0.53; p = 0.02). In Part C, overall mortality after PCI in PACD patients with STEMI was higher in elderly versus young (RR 2.64; 95% CI 2.11–3.30) and is lower in men versus women (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.44–0.83). Mortality probabilities obtained are one of the most important factors of effectiveness in the economic evaluation studies; these rates can be used to determine the cost-effectiveness of procedures in CAD patients aged < 60 years.
Sirtuin-1 in Egyptian patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Abdelnabi AL-Shabrawy M. , Esmayel Imam M. , Hussein Samia , Ali Reham M. , AbdelAal Alhoussein Alsayed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents the leading cause of death worldwide. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to measure the plasma level of SIRT1 in patients with CAD and explore its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
Plasma SIRT1 was significantly lower in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) than in those in the control group and was significantly lower in patients with both acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina than in those in the control group and with CCS. Moreover, plasma SIRT1 was positively correlated with platelet count and negatively correlated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Conclusions
The plasma level of SIRT1 is lower in patients with CAD compared to control and it could be a possible marker for this disease. Multi-center studies with follow-up measurements are recommended for further investigation.
Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent
Authors: Patel Vijay K. , Shirbhate Ekta , Patel Preeti , Veerasamy Ravichandran , Sharma Prabodh C. , Rajak Harish 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 occurrence as a global pandemic in March 2020. The treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients is based on the experience gained from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection during 2003. There is no clinically accepted therapeutic drug(s) accessible yet for the treatment of COVID-19.

Main body
Corticosteroids, i.e., dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone and prednisone are used alone or in combination for the treatment of moderate, severe and critically infected COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized and require supplemental oxygen as per current management strategies and guidelines for COVID-19 published by the National Institutes of Health. Corticosteroids are recorded in the WHO model list of essential medicines and are easily accessible worldwide at a cheaper cost in multiple formulations and various dosage forms. Corticosteroid can be used in all age group of patients, i.e., children, adult, elderly and during pregnancy or breastfeeding women. Corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in both primary and secondary immune cells, thereby reducing the generation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and lowering the activation of T cells, monocytes and macrophages. The corticosteroids should not be used in the treatment of non-severe COVID-19 patients because corticosteroids suppress the immune response and reduce the symptoms and associated side effects such as slow recovery, bacterial infections, hypokalemia, mucormycosis and finally increase the chances of death.

Conclusion
Intensive research on corticosteroid therapy in COVID-19 treatment is urgently needed to elucidate their mechanisms and importance in contributing toward successful prevention and treatment approaches. Hence, this review emphasizes on recent advancement on corticosteroid therapy for defining their importance in overcoming SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, their mechanism, efficacy and extent of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Assessing the spectrum of pulmonary hypertension identified at an Egyptian expert referral center
Authors: Elshazly Mostafa , Mostafa Amira Ismail , Ibrahim Asmaa , Sabry Irene M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivePulmonary hypertension is an assorted state that encompasses a spectrum of diseases and is categorized into five groups. The registries are necessary for the identification of risk factors, progression of the disease, outcomes, and effect of treatment strategies on the progression of the disease. The aim of this work was to identify different groups of PH identified at an Egyptian referral center and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of each group.Patients and methodsThis study included 132 patients who were diagnosed with a right heart catheter in the Chest Department, Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, in the period from January 2017 to January 2019. Patients were classified into different groups, then received medical treatment accordingly. Demographic and clinical data were documented. Arterial blood gases, spirometry, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed.ResultsThe mean age of cases was (43.9±13.69) years; the majority of them were females (72.7%). More than half of the patients (57.5%) had pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), while 22.7% and 18.3% had pulmonary hypertension due to chronic thrombo-embolic cause and lung cause respectively. The 1-year survival rate was 81.8%.ConclusionsThe results of the study showed female predominance, the PAH type was the commonest, and the overall 1-year survival rate was 81.8%.
How to make study documents clear and relevant: the impact of patient involvement
Authors: Jilka Sagar , Hudson Georgie , Jansli Sonja M. , Negbenose Esther , Wilson Emma , Odoi Clarissa M. , Mutepua Magano , Wykes Til 
Published: November 2021

Background
Patient and public involvement can improve study outcomes, but little data have been collected on why this might be. We investigated the impact of the Feasibility and Support to Timely Recruitment for Research (FAST-R) service, made up of trained patients and carers who review research documents at the beginning of the research pipeline.

Aims
To investigate the impact of the FAST-R service, and to provide researchers with guidelines to improve study documents.

Method
A mixed-methods design assessing changes and suggestions in documents submitted to the FAST-R service from 2011 to 2020. Quantitative measures were readability, word count, jargon words before and after review, the effects over time and if changes were implemented. We also asked eight reviewers to blindly select a pre- or post-review participant information sheet as their preferred version. Reviewers’ comments were analysed qualitatively via thematic analysis.

Results
After review, documents were longer and contained less jargon, but did not improve readability. Jargon and the number of suggested changes increased over time. Participant information sheets had the most suggested changes. Reviewers wanted clarity, better presentation and felt that documents lacked key information such as remuneration, risks involved and data management. Six out of eight reviewers preferred the post-review participant information sheet. FAST-R reviewers provided jargon words and phrases with alternatives for researchers to use.

Conclusions
Longer documents are acceptable if they are clear, with jargon explained or substituted. The highlighted barriers to true informed consent are not decreasing, although this study has suggestions for improving research document accessibility.
Analysis of the concept of informal economy through 102 definitions: legality or necessity
Authors: Luque Arturo 
Published: November 2021

The processes of informal economy are well established, but the same cannot be said of their conceptual treatment in the academic literature. They constitute complex phenomena that cut across sectors and disciplines and give rise to other elements that simultaneously reject and encourage them. For many formal stakeholders in the economy, they are an enemy to be beaten; for the authorities, informal activity is seen as a loss of revenue for the state coffers; for the Sustainable Development Goals, by implicitly recognizing them in goal 8, they constitute a paradigm shift. Meanwhile, the reality for those involved in the informal economy is that it is a way of life and not a mere choice, one that leads to the most social of all economies: that of necessity. There is no consensus among academics on informality and its ramifications, hence the need to analyze the processes of informal economy from its theoretical construction with the purpose of discovering its range and depth, as well as its interrelationships and theoretical implications. To achieve this, 102 definitions of informal economy were analyzed by identifying and deconstructing their dimensions and performing a frequency count of their citation in Google Scholar. This analysis demonstrated the lack of cultural elements in the definitions, which are the true underlying cause of the phenomenon, and the over-prominence afforded to legal dimensions.
Who is ‘on-call’ in Australia? A new classification approach for on-call employment in future population-level studies
Authors: Sprajcer Madeline , Appleton Sarah L. , Adams Robert J. , Gill Tiffany K. , Ferguson Sally A. , Vincent Grace E. , Paterson Jessica L. , Reynolds Amy C. 
Published: November 2021

Background
On-call research and guidance materials typically focus on ‘traditional’ on-call work (e.g., emergency services, healthcare). However, given the increasing prevalence of non-standard employment arrangements (e.g., gig work and casualisation), it is likely that a proportion of individuals who describe themselves as being on-call are not included in current on-call literature. This study therefore aimed to describe the current sociodemographic and work characteristics of Australian on-call workers.

Methods
A survey of 2044 adults assessed sociodemographic and work arrangements. Of this population, 1057 individuals were workforce participants, who were asked to provide information regarding any on-call work they performed over the last three months, occupation type, weekly work hours, and the presence or absence of non-standard work conditions.

Results
Of respondents who were working, 45.5% reported working at least one day on-call in the previous month. There was a high prevalence of on-call work in younger respondents (63.1% of participants aged 18–24 years), and those who worked multiple jobs and more weekly work hours. Additionally, high prevalence rates of on-call work were reported by machinery operators, drivers, community and personal service workers, sales workers, and high-level managers.

Conclusions
These data suggest that on-call work is more prevalent than previously recorded and is likely to refer to a broad set of employment arrangements. Current classification systems may therefore be inadequate for population-level research. A taxonomy for the classification of on-call work is proposed, incorporating traditional on-call work, gig economy work, relief, or unscheduled work, and out of hours work.