bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy budget and carbon footprint in a wheat and maize system under ridge furrow strategy in dry semi humid areas
Authors: Li Changjiang , Li Shuo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe well-irrigated planting strategy (WI) consumes a large amount of energy and exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions, endangering the sustainable agricultural production. This 2-year work aims to estimate the economic benefit, energy budget and carbon footprint of a wheat–maize double cropping system under conventional rain-fed flat planting (irrigation once a year, control), ridge–furrows with plastic film mulching on the ridge (irrigation once a year, RP), and the WI in dry semi-humid areas of China. Significantly higher wheat and maize yields and net returns were achieved under RP than those under the control, while a visible reduction was found for wheat yields when compared with the WI. The ratio of benefit: cost under RP was also higher by 10.5% than that under the control in the first rotation cycle, but did not differ with those under WI. The net energy output and carbon output followed the same trends with net returns, but the RP had the largest energy use efficiency, energy productivity carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability among treatments. Therefore, the RP was an effective substitution for well–irrigated planting strategy for achieving sustained agricultural development in dry semi-humid areas.
Prognostic classification in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Takahito , Hozumi Hironao , Miyashita Koichi , Kono Masato , Suzuki Yuzo , Karayama Masato , Furuhashi Kazuki , Hasegawa Hirotsugu , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Yokomura Koshi , Nakamura Hidenori , Suda Takafumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAcute exacerbation (AE) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a major prognostic determinant. However, evidence for its prognostic strength is mainly based on the results of small cohort studies with statistical limitations. This retrospective study, which included 108 patients with a first episode of AE-IPF, aimed to identify prognostic factors and to develop prognostic classification models. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a lower percent-predicted forced vital capacity within 12 months before AE onset (baseline %FVC) and a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio at AE onset were independent mortality predictors. If the value of each predictor was lower than the cutoff determined by receiver-operating characteristic analysis, 1 point was assigned. Classification of patients into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on total score showed post-AE 90-day cumulative survival rates of 83.3%, 66.2%, and 22.2%, respectively (model 1: C-index 0.702). Moreover, a decision tree-based model was created with the recursive partitioning method using baseline %FVC and PaO2/FiO2 ratio at AE onset from among multivariable; accordingly, patients were classified into 3 groups with post-AE 90-day cumulative survival rates of 84.1%, 64.3%, and 24.0%, respectively (model 2: C-index 0.735). These models can guide clinicians in determining therapeutic strategies and help design future studies on AE-IPF.
Carnitine/organic cation transporter 1 precipitates the progression of interstitial fibrosis through oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy in mice
Authors: Makiishi Shohei , Furuichi Kengo , Yamamura Yuta , Sako Keisuke , Shinozaki Yasuyuki , Toyama Tadashi , Kitajima Shinji , Iwata Yasunori , Sakai Norihiko , Shimizu Miho , Hirose-Sugiura Tomoko , Kaneko Shuichi , Kato Yukio , Wada Takashi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarnitine/organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1) is the only known uptake transporter for ergothioneine which is a food-derived strong antioxidant amino acid that is absorbed by OCTN1. We previously reported the roles of OCTN1/ergothioneine in the progression of kidney fibrosis in ischemic kidney disease. In this study, we evaluated the roles of OCTN1 in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. A diabetic kidney disease model was induced in octn1 knockout and wild-type mice by streptozotocin (STZ). Oxidative stress, represented by urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were higher in the octn1 knockout mice. Azan- and Sirius red-positive areas increased significantly in the octn1 knockout mice. Gene expression was evaluated by cluster analysis, and shown to be different in the octn1 knockout mice compared with the wild-type mice. In a pathway analysis, the pathway associated with the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion increased. In accordance with interstitial fibrosis in octn1 knockout mice, gene expression of moesin in the injured kidney, known as an associated protein of cytoskeleton and cell membranes, was doubled 28 weeks after STZ injection. In addition, the moesin protein was expressed in a part of α-SMA-positive renal tubular epithelial cells. These findings were confirmed by cultured murine proximal tubular epithelial cells: The expression of moesin was induced under oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide. These data indicate that OCTN1 would play some roles in progression of interstitial fibrosis under oxidative stress via moesin expression in diabetic kidney disease.
Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study
Authors: Wang Sheng-Huei , Chung Pei-Shou , Lin Yen-Po , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Lin Ssu-Chin , Fan Chia-Hao , Lin Yu-Kai , Lin Gen-Min 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe metabolically healthy obese (MHO) characterized by the absence of metabolic syndrome have shown superior cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and similar muscular strength as compared with the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). However, this finding might be biased by the baseline sedentary behavior in the general population. This study utilized 3669 physically active military males aged 18–50 years in Taiwan. Obesity and metabolically unhealthy were respectively defined as body mass index ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 and presence of at least two major components of the metabolic syndrome, according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria for Asian male adults. Four groups were accordingly classified as the metabolically healthy lean (MHL, n = 2510), metabolically unhealthy lean (MUL, n = 331), MHO (n = 181) and MUO (n = 647). CRF was evaluated by time for a 3-km run, and muscular strengths were separately assessed by numbers of push-up and sit-up within 2 min. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare the difference in each exercise performance between groups adjusting for age, service specialty, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. The metabolic syndrome prevalence in MUL and MUO was 49.8% and 47.6%, respectively. The performance of CRF did not differ between MHO and MUO (892.3 ± 5.4 s and 892.6 ± 3.0 s, p = 0.97) which were both inferior to MUL and MHL (875.2 ± 4.0 s and 848.6 ± 1.3 s, all p values < 0.05). The performance of muscular strengths evaluated by 2-min push-ups did not differ between MUL and MUO (45.3 ± 0.6 and 45.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.78) which were both less than MHO and MHL (48.4 ± 0.8 and 50.6 ± 0.2, all p values < 0.05). However, the performance of 2-min sit-ups were only superior in MHL (48.1 ± 0.1) as compared with MUL, MHO and MUO (45.9 ± 0.4, 46.7 ± 0.5 and 46.1 ± 0.3, respectively, all p values < 0.05). Our findings suggested that in a physically active male cohort, the MHO might have greater muscle strengths, but have similar CRF level compared with the MUO.
The nuclear stellar disc of the Milky Way: A dynamically cool and metal-rich component possibly formed from the central molecular zone
Authors: Schultheis M. , Fritz T. K. , Nandakumar G. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Gerhard O. , Neumayer N. , Patrick L. R. , Prieto M. A. , Schödel R. , Mastrobuono-Battisti A. , Sormani M. C. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The nuclear stellar disc (NSD) is, together with the nuclear star cluster (NSC) and the central massive black hole, one of the main components in the central parts of our Milky Way. However, until recently, only a few studies of the stellar content of the NSD have been obtained owing to extreme extinction and stellar crowding.
Aims. We study the kinematics and global metallicities of the NSD based on the observations of K/M giant stars via a dedicated KMOS (VLT, ESO) spectroscopic survey.
Methods. We traced radial velocities and metallicities, which were derived based on spectral indices (Na I and CO) along the NSD, and compared those with a Galactic bulge sample of APOGEE (DR16) and data from the NSC.
Results. We find that the metallicity distribution function and the fraction of metal-rich and metal-poor stars in the NSD are different from the corresponding distributions and ratios of the NSC and the Galactic bulge. By tracing the velocity dispersion as a function of metallicity, we clearly see that the NSD is kinematically cool and that the velocity dispersion decreases with increasing metallicity contrary to the inner bulge sample of APOGEE (|b|< 4°). Using molecular gas tracers (H2CO, CO(4−3)) of the central molecular zone (CMZ), we find an astonishing agreement between the gas rotation and the rotation of the metal-rich population. This agreement indicates that the metal-rich stars could have formed from gas in the CMZ. On the other hand, the metal-poor stars show a much slower rotation profile with signs of counter-rotation, thereby indicating that these stars have a different origin.
Conclusions. Coupling kinematics with global metallicities, our results demonstrate that the NSD is chemically and kinematically distinct with respect to the inner bulge, which indicates a different formation scenario.
MiR-30b-5p Influences Chronic Exercise Arthritic Injury by Targeting Hoxa1
Authors: Li Maoxun , Gai Fei , Chen Hongyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe identified the role of miR-30b-5p in chronic exercise arthritic injury. Rats with chronic exercise arthritic injury received treatment with miR-30b-5p antagomiR. H&E and Safranin O-fast green staining were performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected. The binding relationship between homeobox A1 (Hoxa1) and miR-30b-5p was revealed. After manipulating the expressions of miR-30b-5p and/or Hoxa1 in chondrocytes, the viability, apoptosis and migration of chondrocytes were assessed. The levels of molecules were determined by qRT-PCR or Western blot. MiR-30b-5p antagomiR ameliorated articular cartilage lesion and destruction, reduced Mankin’s score and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, miR-30b-5p, matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13), and cleaved caspase-3, and increased relative thickness and the levels of Hoxa1, Aggrecan and type II collagen (COLII) in model rats. MiR-30b-5p up-regulation decreased Hoxa1 level, viability, migration and induced apoptosis, whereas miR-30b-5p down-regulation produced the opposite effects. MiR-30b-5p up-regulation increased the levels of MMP-13 and cleaved caspase-3, but decreased those of Aggrecan and COLII in chondrocytes. However, the action of miR-30b-5p up-regulation on chondrocytes was reversed by Hoxa1 overexpression. In conclusion, miR-30b-5p is involved in cartilage degradation in rats with chronic exercise arthritic injury and regulates chondrocyte apoptosis and migration by targeting Hoxa1.
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Versorgung von HNO-Tumoren – die Patientenperspektive
Authors: Büntzel Jens , Walter Stefanie , Hellmund Herbert , Klein Michael , Hübner Jutta , Vitek Petr , Büntzel Judith , Koscielny Sven , Sesterhenn Andreas M. , Büssing Arndt 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat Auswirkungen auf die Versorgung von Tumorpatienten. Wie erleben Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren (KHT) diese Situation und welche Coping-Strategien ergeben sich?
Material und Methode Wir befragten in Studie 1 während des Lockdowns (15.04.–15.05.2020) 433 Tumorpatienten nach ihren Eindrücken/Belastungen (online, standardisiert, anonym). In Studie 2 wurden 292 Patienten nach dem Lockdown (06.05.–10.06.2020) zu ihren wahrgenommenen Veränderungen, Perspektivwechseln und Coping-Strategien mit standardisierten Tools (WHO-5, MLQ-10, GrAw-7) befragt. Für beide Studien analysierten wir die KHT.
Ergebnisse An Studie 1 nahmen 91 Patienten mit KHT teil, in Studie 2 wurden 84 Patienten mit KHT aufgenommen. Studie 1 zeigte im Lockdown einen hohen Druck auf die Mehrheit der Patienten mit KHT (53,8 %). Es waren Ängste bezüglich der eigenen Krankheit (39,6 %), aber auch erwartete physische (24,7 %) und psychische Folgen (21,3 %) der Pandemie. Die soziale Isolation (Besuchsverbot) wurde als ein Hauptproblem (58,5 %) beschrieben. Studie 2 bestätigte diese Belastungen auch nach dem Lockdown. Intensivere Beziehungen in der Familie (60/100 Punkten) sowie eine Zuwendung zu Natur und Stille (58/100 Punkten) wurden als entlastend beschrieben. Eine hohe Inaktivität (MLQ-10) sowie ein vermindertes Wohlbefinden (WHO-5) und eine reduzierte Achtsamkeit (GrAw-7) waren Charakteristiken der KHT, die Ansatzpunkte für eine Stärkung der Resilienz sein können.
Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit KHT haben einen hohen mentalen und psychischen Druck durch die Pandemie. Ihr Blickwinkel ergänzt unsere bisherige Sicht und kann zu einer verbesserten Gesamtversorgung dieser Patienten beitragen.
Augenmuskeltransposition nach Nishida bei Abduzensparese
Authors: Heckmann Jan , Todorova Margarita , Sturm Veit 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die operative Behandlung von Abduzensparesen orientiert sich vor allem an der verbliebenen Motilität des M. rectus lateralis. Reicht die maximale Abduktion nicht über die Mittellinie hinaus, sollte eine gleichseitige Muskeltransposition der vertikalen Recti erfolgen. Seit der Erstbeschreibung vor mehr als 100 Jahren sind eine Vielzahl von Modifikationen vorgestellt worden. Die minimalinvasive Adaptation nach Nishida hat zuletzt zunehmend Beachtung erfahren.
Patienten und Methoden Retrospektive Fallserie von 4 Patienten mit Abduzensparesen, deren chirurgische Versorgung mittels Transpositionsmanöver nach Nishida erfolgte. Die Kasuistiken werden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der prä- und postoperativen Verhältnisse hinsichtlich Schielwinkel und Motilität präsentiert.
Ergebnisse Vier Patienten (2 weiblich, 2 männlich) wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Bei einem 7-jährigen Mädchen und einer 37-jährigen Frau mit linksseitiger Abduzensparese erfolgte eine gleichseitige Transposition. Bei einem 56-jährigen Mann mit linksseitiger Parese und einem 82-jährigen Mann mit Parese rechts wurde die Transposition nach Nishida mit einer gleichseitigen Rücklagerung des M. rectus medialis kombiniert. Bei allen 4 Patienten wurden durch die Operation eine deutliche Verkleinerung des Schielwinkels sowie eine Verbesserung der Motilität erreicht.
Schlussfolgerung Die Transposition der Vertikalmotoren ist bei Abduzensparesen als Operationsmethode etabliert. Unter den verschiedenen Modifikationen stellt die Adaptation nach Nishida eine sichere, wirkungsvolle und minimalinvasive Option dar. Die gefäßschonende Technik erlaubt auch die gleichzeitige Schwächung des M. rectus medialis.
Triazole-Enabled Ruthenium(II) Carboxylate-Catalyzed C–H Arylation with Electron-Deficient Aryl Halides
Authors: Rogge Torben , Müller Thomas , Broggini Diego , Ackermann Lutz , Simon Hendrik , Hou Xiaoyan , Wagschal Simon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA triazole-directed direct C–H arylation of arenes with electron-deficient aryl halides or a synthetically useful pyrimidyl chloride was achieved through ruthenium catalysis. Our novel strategy provides operationally simple and environmentally benign access to highly functionalized hetarenes, avoiding the use of strong organometallic bases. Detailed studies revealed a significant effect of the phosphine ligand, thereby permitting the reaction to occur with excellent levels of chemo- and position selectivity.
Accuracy of High Resolution Multidetector Computed Tomography in the Local Staging of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Ramanan Rochita Venkata , Munikrishnan Venkatesh , Venkataramanan Akash , Swain Sudeepta Kumar , Sunilkumar Kaveripattu Sathiyamurthy , Venu Vadanika , Hariharan Muthuswamy , Saipillai Mohammad Zehran , Ahamed Asfar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for local staging of rectal cancer. Advanced computed tomography (CT) machines are now capable of high-resolution images of rectal cancer and utilized for CT perfusion. The possibility of local staging of rectal cancer by CT needs to be explored.
Purpose The aim of the study is to evaluate accuracy of high-resolution CT for local rectal cancer staging.
Methods A high-resolution CT was performed for local staging of rectal cancer in our study group of 93 patients, where 64 underwent primary surgery and 29 underwent surgery post neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT).
Results In differentiating stages T2-and-less than T2 from T3–T4 rectal cancer, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa score in overall patients were 91%, 87%, 94%, and 0.8; in primary surgery group were 89%, 76%, 94%, and 0.7; in NACRT group were 97%, 100%, 94%, and 0.9; in low rectal group were 94%, 89%, 97%, and 0.82, respectively.
Conclusion High resolution CT is an accurate tool for local staging of rectal cancer.
Early Aseptic Loosening with Increased Presence and Severity of Backside Burnishing in the Optetrak Logic Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Femoral Component
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Iacobelli David A. , Torres Lisa , Rojas Marcos Carolena , Nocon Allina A. , Wright Timothy M. , Sculco Peter K. , Sculco Thomas P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConcerns persist that the Optetrak Logic posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) femoral component might correlate with early failures due to aseptic loosening. The primary aim of this study was to examine if the use of the Optetrak Logic PS femoral component is associated with early (<5 years) and more extensive aseptic loosening compared with other PS femoral components. This is a single-institution retrieval analysis and revision registry study (based on prospectively collected data) of 27 failed primary PS TKA patients with loose femoral components that underwent revision TKAs between 2016 and 2019. Patients were stratified by components type: Group A (n = 16) received the Optetrak Logic PS femoral component, while Group B (n = 11) received other PS femoral components. Burnishing (macroscopic polishing of the component's backside) was observed and graded as a marker for relative motion at the cement-implant interface. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the baseline demographic, radiographic, and clinical characteristics. Mean length of implantation for Group A (3.8 ± 2.9 years) was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) than that of Group B (12.0 ± 6.7 years). A significant difference (p = 0.009) was found in presence of backside femoral burnishing between Group A (15 of 16 patients; 93.8%) and group B (5 of 11 patients; 45.6%). Furthermore, we found a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the severity of burnishing between Group A (13 of 16 patients with severe degree of burnishing; 81.3%) and Group B (1 of 11 patients with severe degree of burnishing; 9.1%). In contrast to Group B, a distinctive macroscopic pattern found in Logic retrieved femoral components (Group A) was the total absence of cement in the backside surface. The use of the Optetrak Logic PS TKA femoral component was associated with early aseptic loosening and increased presence and severity of backside burnishing with early cement-implant interface debonding compared with other commercially available types of PS TKA femoral components. The earlier failure rate with this implant is of concern.
Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug).
Authors: Watson Gillian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Planococcus citri is a highly polyphagous, adaptable mealybug that can feed on many host plants in a variety of conditions, and can reproduce rapidly. It has been reported on over 200 host-plant species belonging to 191 genera and 82 families, and can seriously damage many crops, particularly citrus and glasshouse tomatoes. It is known to transmit some plant virus diseases like Cacao swollen shoot virus. The mealybug is of Old World origin, but its polyphagy has facilitated its spread about the world by human transport of infested plants over many years, and it is now established in in all the temperate and tropical zoogeographic regions, and lives under glass in higher latitudes. Its small size and cryptic habits makes it difficult to detect and identify at plant quarantine inspection. The increase in international trade in fresh plant material in recent years is facilitating its continued spread.
Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly).
Authors: Norrbom Allen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. serpentina is a pest of various cultivated species of Sapotaceae, especially caimito [Chrysophyllum cainito], sapodilla [Manilkara zapota], and sapote [Capparis angulata], and it occasionally attacks a variety of other hosts, including Citrus spp. It is a widespread species in the American tropics, occurring from Mexico to Argentina. It has been intercepted and trapped in the USA (Florida, California) and other countries outside its range indicating its potential for spread via infested fruits.
Unified description of galactic dynamics and the cosmological constant
Authors: Cadoni Mariano , Sanna Andrea P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We explore the phenomenology of a two-fluid cosmological model, where the field equations of general relativity are sourced by baryonic and cold dark matter. We find that the model allows for a unified description of small and large scale, late-time cosmological dynamics. Specifically, in the static regime we recover the flattening of galactic rotation curves by requiring the matter density profile to scale as 1/r
2. The same behavior describes matter inhomogeneities distribution at small cosmological scales. This traces galactic dynamics back to structure formation. At large cosmological scales, we focus on back reaction effects of the spacetime geometry to the presence of matter inhomogeneities. We find that a cosmological constant (CC) with the observed order of magnitude, emerges by averaging the back reaction term on spatial scales of order 100 Mpc and it is related in a natural way to matter distribution. This provides a resolution to both the CC and the coincidence problems and shows the existence of an intriguing link between the small and large scale behavior in cosmology.
Low loss and omnidirectional Si3N4 waveguide for label-free spatial frequency shift super-resolution imaging
Authors: Ye Dehao , Tang Mingwei , Liu Xiaowei , Ma Yaoguang , Liu Xu , Yang Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Waveguide-based spatial frequency shift (SFS) super-resolution imaging has attracted growing interest for its high integration, low cost and compatibility with integrated circuit processes. However, a missing band in the spatial frequency (SF) domain severely impedes the final distortionless super-resolution image reconstruction. Here, we present a tunable multi-wavelength SFS method that can light the sample with tunable wavelength illuminations in a sequence using multiple directions of waveguide illumination. The SFS scheme provides broad and complete spectrum information, enabling a reconstructed super-resolution image with high fidelity. An etched three-slot structure and randomly distributed polymer beads on the waveguide surface are imaged and reconstructed with a Gerchberg–Saxton (G-S) SF synthesis algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that shows the waveguide-based label-free super-resolution imaging capability of complex random samples. In the future, the novel SFS imaging waveguide can potentially be integrated with conventional microscopes for chip-based label-free super-resolution imaging.