bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Treatment With Orbital Organ Preservation in Adult Patients With Locally Advanced Small-Round-Cell Malignancy of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus
Authors: Chen Nanxiang , Yuan Hu , Fan Wenjun , Ma Lin , Liu Kun , Chen Lei , Yang Shiming , Zhang Xinxin 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTo investigate the efficacy of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemotherapy and helical tomotherapy in adult patients with locally advanced small-round-cell malignancy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus in regard to orbital organ preservation and quality of life.MethodsThe clinical data of 49 patients with orbital involvement of locally advanced small-round-cell malignancy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus who received multimodal treatment for orbital organ preservation between December 2009 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment efficacy and side effects were assessed. The study included three different pathological types. All patients were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Helical tomotherapy was applied as radiotherapy. Adverse reactions to the chemotherapy were assessed according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 3. The overall survival (OS) rate, progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and orbital preservation rate were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsAfter multimodal treatment, the 3- and 5-year OS rates of the 49 patients were 63.8% and 54.5%, respectively, and the 3- and 5-year total PFS rates were 66.8% and 63.1%, respectively.ConclusionsMultimodal treatment can preserve the orbital organs of adult patients with small-round-cell malignancy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, achieve relatively ideal organ protection and survival rates, and improve quality of life, thus providing a new treatment option for these patients.
Pathological Findings in COVID-19 as a Tool to Define SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis. A Systematic Review
Authors: Mondello Cristina , Roccuzzo Salvatore , Malfa Orazio , Sapienza Daniela , Gualniera Patrizia , Ventura Spagnolo Elvira , Di Nunno Nunzio , Salerno Monica , Pomara Cristoforo , Asmundo Alessio 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 still represents a worldwide health emergency, which causesa severe disease that has led to the death of many patients. The pathophysiological mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 determining the tissue damage is not clear and autopsycan be auseful tool to improve the knowledge of this infection and, thus, it can help achieve a timely diagnosis and develop an appropriate therapy. This is an overview of the main post-mortem findings reporting data on the infection effects on several organs.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed database searching for articles from 1 January to August 31, 2020. Thearticles were selected identifying words/concepts in the titles and/or abstracts that indicated the analysis of the morphological/pathological tissue injuries related to SARS-CoV-2 disease by several investigations.Results:A total of 63 articles were selected. The main investigated tissue was the lung showing a diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) frequently associated with pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy. Inflammatory findings and vascular damage were observed in other organs such as heart, liver, kidney, brain, spleen, skin and adrenal gland. The immunohistochemical analysis showed tissue inflammatory cells infiltrates. The virus presence was detected by several investigations such as RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and electron microscope, showing the effect ofSARS-CoV-2not exclusively in the lung.Discussion:The evidence emerging from this review highlighted the importance of autopsy to provide a fundamental base in the process of understanding the consequences ofSARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 is strictly related to a hyper inflammatory state that seems to start with DAD and immuno-thrombotic microangiopathy. Massive activation of the immune system and microvascular damage might also be responsible for indirect damage to other organs, even if the direct effect of the virus on these tissues cannot be excluded.
The Thermoregulatory and Thermal Responses of Individuals With a Spinal Cord Injury During Exercise, Acclimation and by Using Cooling Strategies–A Systematic Review
Authors: Grossmann Fabian , Flueck Joelle Leonie , Perret Claudio , Meeusen Romain , Roelands Bart 
Published: April 2021

Background:In individuals with a spinal cord injury thermoregulatory mechanisms are fully or partially interrupted. This could lead to exercise-induced hyperthermia in temperate conditions which can be even more distinct in hot conditions. Hyperthermia has been suggested to impair physiological mechanisms in athletes, which could negatively influence physical performance and subjective well-being or cause mild to severe health issues.Objective:The aim was to evaluate the literature on the thermoregulatory and thermal responses of individuals with a spinal cord injury during exercise in temperate and hot conditions taking the effects of cooling techniques and heat acclimation into account.Data sources:Two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Studies were eligible if they observed the influence of exercise on various thermoregulatory parameters (e.g., core and skin temperature, sweat rate, thermal sensation) in individuals with a spinal cord injury.Results:In total 32 articles were included of which 26 were of strong, 3 of moderate and 3 of weak quality. Individuals with a high lesion level, especially those with a tetraplegia, reached a higher core and skin temperature with a lower sweat rate. The use of cooling techniques before and during exercise can positively affect the burden of the impaired thermoregulatory system in all individuals with a spinal cord injury.Conclusion:Due to the absence of normal thermoregulatory abilities, individuals with a high-level spinal cord injury need special attention when they are exercising in temperate and hot conditions to prevent them from potential heat related issues. The use of cooling techniques can reduce this risk.
Identification of Prognostic Related Genes of Tumor Microenvironment Derived From Esophageal Cancer Patients
Authors: Yuan Wei , Yan Jiaqin , Liu Hongtao , Li Ling , Wu BoWen , Guo Can , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective: Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is a commonly occurring cancer worldwide with poor survival and limited therapeutic options. Due to the lack of biomarkers that facilitate early detection, its treatment remains a great challenge. This study aims at identifying the tumor microenvironment (TME)-related genes, which might affect prognosis and accelerate clinical treatment for ESCA patients.Methods: We integrated the expression profiles from ESCA patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Then, we determined the stromal and immune scores of each sample using the R package. The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to validate the expression profile of the key genes.Results: Tumor mutational burden showed a significant difference between the groups of ESCA patients with high and low ESTIMATE scores. We identified 859 intersection genes among patients with different immune and stromal scores. Moreover, gene ontology analysis demonstrated that these 859 intersection genes were closely related to adaptive immune response and regulation of lymphocyte activation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed the enrichment of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway in the TME. Furthermore, the protein–protein interaction network consisted of 175 nodes. We selected 35 hub genes, including ITGAM, CXCL10, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR1. Of these, 23 intersection genes predicted the overall survival rate. C1QA and FCER1G correlated with overall survival of the ESCA patients in the two databases.Conclusion: We identified a set of stromal and immune score-related prognostic differentially expressed genes that could influence the complexity of the TME. C1QA and FCER1G were identified and validated with respect to their role in the progression of ESCA.
Western Sahara
Authors: Martin Juan carlos gimeno 
Published: April 2021

This article aims to reveal the complicity of the international community with Moroccan colonialism in Western Sahara. Since 1987, the Moroccan wall separates the Saharawi people into two groups: one group lives under Moroccan occupation, the other lives in exile camps in Southern Algeria. It is a Bedouin village, nomadic, colonized by Spain, but has maintained a persistent anti-colonial resistance and struggle for self-determination.
Transformação da percepção da menstruação entre gerações
Authors: Eleutério Mundim Maria Luísa , Polizelli Leite de Souza Milena 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre as esferas do tabu acerca da menstruação. Avaliamos como se dá a transformação da percepção e da prática do ciclo menstrual entre gerações, em paralelo com as ideias de profano de Robert Hertz. Por meio de uma netnografia, entramos em contato com mulheres para entender sua historicidade e experiência com o mênstruo. Percebemos que, mesmo diante de uma evolução, persistem, ainda, alguns estigmas.
Banco Mundial e a política científica dos governos militares no Brasil
Authors: Martins Monica Dias 
Published: April 2021

Ao longo de décadas, a ingerência do Banco Mundial alastrou-se por quase todos os domínios da atividade pública brasileira. Este artigo trata especificamente das orientações desta agência multilateral para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico durante a ditadura militar, destacando a montagem do Sistema Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (SNDCT) e a implantação do Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (PADCT).
ON THE EXTREMAL DEPENDENCE COEFFICIENTS OF GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Khrushchev S. E. 
Published: April 2021

The paper considers a way to represent the relationship between indicators in the form of copulas. Copulas are popular mathematical tools. This is due to the fact that, on the one hand, the marginal distributions of indicators are divided in the copulas, and on the other hand, the structure of the relationship between these marginal distributions is divided, which makes it possible to very effectively study the connections that arise in real populations. Special attention in the work is paid to extremal dependence coefficients - important numerical characteristics of the connection in conditions of extreme small or extremely large values of indicators. It is shown that even under conditions of close correlation between the indices for a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution, the lower and upper coefficients of the extreme dependence take zero values. This indicates the impossibility of predicting the values of one indicator when fixing too small or too large values of another indicator. This work shows that the relationship between the number of COVID-19 coronavirus infections per 100,000 people and the number of deaths from COVID-19 coronavirus infection per 100,000 people in the regions of the Russian Federation can be represented in the form of a Gaussian copula.
Virtual Surgery in Implantology: A Systematic Review and State of the Art
Authors: Agreli Kamilla Carneiro , Zotarelli Filho Idiberto José , Kassis Elias Naim 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Dental implant procedures have increased worldwide, reaching approximately one million dental implants per year. The optimization of faster and more accurate techniques by dentists and postoperative surgeons with better results and quality of life stimulated the development of numerous software and hardware for performing computer-guided surgeries, so-called virtual surgeries (VS). Objective: to present, through a systematic review, the main considerations of virtual surgery in dentistry and their respective advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Methods: The model used for the review was PRISMA. We used databases such as Scielo, Lilacs, Google Scholar, PubMed. Major findings: In the scenario of VS in dentistry, advances in technology have contributed to the improvement of the models, since there was only the direct molding technique to obtain patient models, with the positioning of implants not very favorable in terms aesthetics. The information that is acquired in the 3D reconstructions allows us to determine the quantity and quality of the available bone and also allows the simulation of the installation of the implants in a virtual environment. This provides predictability of techniques and difficulties that can be encountered during surgical intervention, reducing the time and the possibility of errors, allowing the overall reduction of oral rehabilitation costs. Conclusion: Preoperative virtual planning and reconstruction of the mandible guided by dental implants through preoperative designs provide high success rates for the implant and dental rehabilitation, benefiting also prosthetic restorations supported by fixed implants. Still, the concept of using personalized implants with the help of 3D virtual treatment planning, stereolithographic models, and computer-assisted design greatly improves the mandibular restoration and helps to obtain a good facial profile, aesthetic and dental rehabilitation, avoiding complications with the grafts autologous.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ROLE PLAYING DI KELAS V SD NEGERI 2 BATARAGURU KOTA BAUBAU
Authors: Muniati Muniati 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran Role Playing di kelas V SD Negeri 2 Bataraguru. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelas V SD Negeri 2 Bataraguru pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui model Pembelajaran Role Playing di Kelas V SD Negeri 2 Bataraguru. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil peningkatan sebagai berikut: (1) Hasil belajar yang dicapai oleh siswa kelas V SD Negeri2 Bataraguru, yaitu pada siklus I persentase hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal sebesar 45% dengan nilai rerata 65 dan pada siklus II persentase ketuntasan meningkat menjadi 85% dengan nilai rerata 74; (2) Aktivitas mengajar guru siklus I pertemuan pertama diketahui memperoleh nilai sebesar 43%, dan pertemuan kedua mengalami peningkatan sebesar 64%. Sedangkan siklus II pertemuan pertama sebesar 71%, dan pertemuan kedua mengalami peningkatan sebesar 93%; (3) Aktivitas belajar siswa siklus I pertemuan pertama sebesar 45%, dan pertemuan kedua mengalami peningkatan sebesar 63%. Sedangkan siklus II pertemuan pertama sebesar 73%, dan siklus II pertemuan kedua mengalami peningkatan sebesar 82%, maka aktivitas belajar siswa melalui model pembelajaran menulis karangan melalui media gambar di kelas sudah terlaksana.
Analisis potensi dan strategi pariwisata pantai di Kabupaten Buru
Authors: Marasabessy Roos Nilawati , Rumkel Lutfi , Susiati Susiati , Masniati Andi , Tuasalamony Kurniati , Amir Nur Fadhilah , Iye Risman , Hatuwe Rahma Satya Masna 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk menganalisis potensi pariwisata pantai di Kabupaten Buru dan 2) membuat strategi pengembangan pariwisatadi Kabupaten Buru Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah survey lapangan (field study), wawancara (interview), studi dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Tempat yang dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian adalah pantai Jikumarasa dan pantai La Raba. Sumber data dari para responden, yakni masyarakat sekitar kawasan objek wisata, wisatawan, Dinas Pariwisata serta pengelola objek wisata. Analisis data menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) potensi pariwisata pantai Jikumerasa dan pantai La Raba terlihat pada potensi internal dan potensi eksternal. Potensi internal pantai Jikumerasa dapat dilihat pada dua kriteria, yakni (a) kualitas daya tarik wisata pantai Jikumerasa meliputi tersedianya informasi pantai via daring dan luring; (b) kondisi daya tarik wisata pantai Jikumerasa tampak pada kondisi alam dan kondisi sosial. Potensi eksternal pantai Jikumerasa terlihat adanya dukungan pengembangan, tersedianya aksesbilitas, dilengkapi sarana prasarana. Potensi internal pantai La Raba dapat dilihat pada dua kriteria (a) kualitas daya tarik wisata pantai La Raba dilengkapi dengan tempat bersantai seperti adanya ayunan dan gazebo; (b) kondisi daya tarik wisata pantai La Raba tampak pada kondisi alam dan kondisi sosial. Potensi ekternal pantai La Raba terlihat adanya dukungan pengembangan dari berbagai pihak, tersedianya aksesbilitas serta pengadaan sarana dan prasarana seperti snorkeling dan diving. Adapun strategi pengembangan pariwisata pantai Jikumerasa dan pantai La Raba di Kabupaten Buru sebagai berikut sesering mungkin update berita terbaru tentang kondisi dan keunikan pantai baik lewat daring ataupun luring, melakukan kerjasama dengan biro travel.
Estimation of electron affinity of photoacid generators: density functional theory calculations using static and dynamic models
Authors: Okamoto Kazumasa , Kozawa Takahiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The electron affinity (EA) of a photoacid generator (PAG) is an important parameter for estimating the acid generation efficiency in a chemically amplified resist upon exposure to ionizing radiation such as EUV light and an electron beam because the electron attachment of PAG induces PAG decomposition and acid generation. In this study, EAs of ionic and non-ionic PAGs were estimated by density functional theory calculations using static and dynamic models. The former model indicated that radical anions are produced without changing the PAG structure even after electron attachment. The latter model indicated that the product structures are relaxed to their stable structures after electron attachment (dissociative electron attachment). By demonstrating the relationship between the EA and acid yield, the most preferable model was revealed.
Initial nucleation scheme of Ga2O3 on (0001) sapphire by mist CVD for the growth of α-phase
Authors: Takane Hitoshi , Kaneko Kentaro , Ota Yuichi , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, α-Ga2O3 has been attracting great attentions as a new wide bandgap semiconductor, however, the reason why metastable α-Ga2O3 is grown by mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has not been understood. In this study, in order to elucidate growth mechanism of mist CVD-grown α-Ga2O3, growth processes in the initial stage were investigated by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping. We found that the characteristics of mist CVD make the relaxation mechanisms of α-Ga2O3 on (0001) sapphire different from those of molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed-laser deposition, and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. We also proposed the growth procedure in the initial stage.
PERBANDINGAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU DAN BAHAN TAMBAHAN DENGAN METODE ECONOMICAL ORDER QUANTITY PADA PT. JAPFA COMFEED INDONESIA tbk
Authors: Suwarni Putri 
Published: April 2021

The results of initial observation at PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia obtained data that the company always buys raw materials and auxiliary materials in large quantities and does not pay any attention to reorder in order not to run out of stock of raw materials and additives. To describe and analyze the optimal inventory and minimize the total cost of raw material inventory and additive then conducted qualitative research extrapolation (descriptive) by using EOQ method. The object of this research is the amount of raw material inventory and additional material at PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia. The raw material in this research is Brand Pollard, Stone Flour. Additional materials include Termin and Palm Oil. The results obtained with the optimal buyer Brand Pollard in 2016 amounted to 1,185,906 kg and in 2016 amounted to 1,215,745 kg. The purchase of Stone Flour 2016 is 677,847 kg and in 2016 it is 711,395 kg. The purchase of Palm Oil and Terminal in 2015 amounted to 282,281 liters and 212,776.8 liters respectively.
Brand Pollard reorder point in 2015 and 2016 amounted to 139.968 kg Purchase of Stone Flour in 2015 and 2016 amounted to 38,166 kg. Palm Oil and terminal purchases in 2015 and 2016 amounted to 19,200 liters and 16,440 liters respectively. Financially, the company can make inventory cost savings up to Rp 88,043,000.00. The conclusion of this research is the determination of the amount of raw material inventory and additional material with EOQ method which more efficient compared with company policy. The optimal inventory and total inventory cost savings can be obtained by EOQ method so that the company can obtain maximum profit. Suggestion related to this research is company must evaluate applied policy and apply EOQ method in management of raw material inventory and additional material to get maximum profit.

Keywords :	Raw Material Inventory, Supplementary Material Inventory, Total Quantity Economica
Pengaruh Musim Beranak Terhadap Produksi Susu Sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) di BPTSP-HMT Lembang
Authors: Wicaksana Kunaifi 
Published: April 2021

This research was aimed to analyze the influence of breeding season on the production of Frisian Holstein (FH) cattle milk. This research used secondary data covering milk production data of 81 lactation FH cattle and seasonal data (rainfall, temperature, humidity, and THI). The data is tabulated to yield the total data of each variable. Data obtained from each observed variables were analyzed using a t-test using the SAS program. Based on t-test, the results showed no significant effect on average milk production at rainy dan dry season during lactation periods of L1, L2, and L3. Our experiment suggested that season of calving showed no differences on milk production of FH dairy cattle during lactation periods of L1, L2, and L3. Conclusions in this research show that seasonal differences do not affect the diversity of milk production.
Keywords: dry season, Friesian Holstein, milk production, rainy
Structure Topology and Graphical Representation of Decorated and Undecorated Chains of Edge-Sharing Octahedra
Authors: Lussier Aaron J. , Hawthorne Frank C. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Infinite chains of edge-sharing octahedra occur as fundamental building blocks (FBBs) in the structures of several hundred mineral species. Such chains consist of a backbone of octahedra to which decorating polyhedra may be attached. The general, stoichiometric formula of such chains may be written as c[MATxФz] where M is any octahedrally coordinated cation, T is any cation coordinated by a decoration polyhedron (regardless of coordination geometry), Ф is any possible ligand [O2–, (OH)–, (H2O), Cl–, or F–], and c indicates the configuration of backbone octahedra. In the minerals in which they occur, these types of chains will commonly (though not exclusively) form part of the structural unit (i.e., the strongly bonded part) of a mineral. Hence, investigating the topology, configuration, and arrangement of such chains may yield fundamental insights into the stability of minerals in which they occur. A discussion of the topological variability of chains is presented here, along with the formulae necessary for their characterization. It is shown that many aspects of chain topology can be efficiently communicated by a pair of values with the form ([x], [Bopqrst]), where [x] summarizes the symmetry operations necessary to characterize the configuration of backbone octahedra, B indicates the length of the topological repeat, and o through t indicate the number of individual decorations (related to B). A methodology for developing finite graphical representations for infinite chains is presented in detail, showing that for any given chain, a single, irreducible finite graph exists that contains all topological information. Such a graph, however, can correspond to multiple chain topologies, highlighting the importance of geometrical isomerism. The utility of the graphical approach in facilitating the development of a hierarchy of chains and chain-bearing structures is also discussed.