bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi‐biennial oscillation impacts on Madden–Julianoscillation‐associatedtropical–extratropical interactions and Kelvin waves
Authors: Roundy Paul E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeveral recent works have demonstrated that the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) shows more variance in tropical convection and wind during the easterly phase of stratospheric wind in the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). Some of these works have shown that reduced variance during the westerly QBO is associated with fewer repeating cycles of events. This article applies a modulation linear regression algorithm to assess changes in the global atmospheric circulation structure for December–February MJO signals tested when time‐smoothed 50 hPa winds are easterly or westerly at 10 m·s−1. Results show pronounced differences in the associated extratropical upper tropospheric Rossby wave response between the two QBO states, along with a comparatively lower fraction of total eastward wave energy being consistent with Kelvin waves approaching the Indian basin from the west during the westerly QBO. Instead, westerly QBO appears to favour stronger equatorward‐moving extratropical wave precursors across the Western Hemisphere and Eurasia. The results suggest the hypothesis that more dependence on extratropical waves during the westerly QBO may reduce the reliability of the MJO to form sequential trains during the westerly QBO.
Sensitivity analysis of the convective‐scale AROME model to physical and dynamical parameters
Authors: Wimmer Meryl , Raynaud Laure , Descamps Laurent , Berre Loïk , Seity Yann 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA global sensitivity analysis of the convective‐scale Application of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME) model is performed in order to determine the most influential parameters on the forecast of different near‐surface variables. For that purpose, the Morris method is applied to 21 parameters from six different physical and dynamical parametrization schemes, over different seasons. Results highlight a set of eight parameters with a noticeable influence on most variables, in particular 10 m wind speed and precipitation forecasts. The sensitivity of parameter uncertainties is also examined on different spatio‐temporal scales. A clear diurnal cycle of parameters influence is observed in summer, in close connection with the convective activity. In addition, the spatial distribution of parameters influence is mostly consistent with the underlying distribution of weather forecasts. A Sobol' sensitivity analysis, based on surrogate models, mostly confirms Morris conclusions and highlights some interactions between parameters.
The challenging role of researchers coping with tensions, dilemmas and paradoxes in transdisciplinary settings
Authors: Arnold Marlen Gabriele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransdisciplinary learning is a response to address the comprehensive sustainability competencies for implementing the 17 sustainability goals of the Agenda 2030. Transdisciplinary contexts include socially distributed knowledge beyond scientific boundaries. This impacts the whole design process and specific tasks and roles of the researchers. Addressing the questions, “Which typical tensions, dilemmas and paradoxes need to be faced by researches in transdisciplinary settings?”, and “How does the role of the researchers change and goes beyond traditional research settings when operating in transdisciplinary settings surrounded by tensions, dilemmas and paradoxes?”, answers will be provided following existing analytical frameworks of transdisciplinary research design. Based on own experiences with and including observations of transdisciplinary settings at academia, transdisciplinary research and lecture settings will be analysed and compared by transdisciplinary criteria. Results show, in transdisciplinary settings, researchers or lecturers are more engaged with addressing poly‐contextuality, the consciousness of the innovation paradoxes and the side‐effects of ongoing interdependences. They take up multiple roles and have to deal with role ambiguity. Transdisciplinary lecture settings are even more demanding as they also have to meet the mentor role or maintain the students' learning progress.
An integrated dual‐process model for coping behaviour
Authors: Keech Jacob J. , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStress management interventions have traditionally aimed to change coping behaviour with little attention to mechanisms that drive behaviour change. We sought to test an integrated dual‐process model, accounting for reasoned and automatic processes, for predicting problem‐focussed coping behaviour. The study adopted a two‐wave prospective correlational design with a 1‐week follow‐up. University students aged 17–25 (N = 272) completed survey measures online. At Time 1, participants completed self‐report measures of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, intention, behavioural automaticity, and past problem‐focussed coping behaviour. At Time 2, participants completed follow‐up measures of behavioural automaticity and problem‐focussed coping behaviour. Structural equation modelling testing the hypothesised dual‐process model exhibited a good fit to the data, accounting for 50.0% and 45.4% of the variance in intentions and problem‐focussed coping behaviour, respectively. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and past behaviour directly predicted intention. Intention, past behaviour, and behavioural automaticity directly predicted problem‐focussed coping behaviour. Past behaviour also indirectly predicted problem‐focussed coping behaviour via behavioural automaticity. Results suggest that problem‐focussed coping behaviour tends to be regulated by reasoned psychological processes, and more strongly by automatic psychological processes. Future research aiming to increase problem‐focussed coping should utilise behaviour change methods known to influence these processes.
Soft Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Principles, Current State of the Art and Applications
Authors: Zhang Yinhang , Wang Wei , Zhang Fei , Dai Kun , Li Chuanbing , Fan Yuan , Chen Guangming , Zheng Qingbin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe enormous demand for waste heat utilization and burgeoning eco‐friendly wearable materials has triggered huge interest in the development of thermoelectric materials that can harvest low‐cost energy resources by converting waste heat to electricity efficiently. In particular, due to their high flexibility, nontoxicity, cost‐effectivity, and promising applicability in various fields, organic thermoelectric materials are drawing more attention compared with their toxic, expensive, heavy, and brittle inorganic counterparts. Organic thermoelectric materials are approaching the figure of merit of the inorganic ones via the construction and optimization of unique transport pathways and device geometries. This review presents the recent development of the interdependence and decoupling principles of the thermoelectric efficiency parameters as well as the new achievements of high performance organic thermoelectric materials. Moreover, this review also discusses the advances in the thermoelectric devices with emphasis on their energy‐related applications. It is believed that organic thermoelectric materials are emerging as green energy alternatives rivaling their conventional inorganic counterparts in the efficient and pure electricity harvesting from waste heat and solar thermal energy.
Enhancement of Proton Therapy Efficiency by Noble Metal Nanoparticles Is Driven by the Number and Chemical Activity of Surface Atoms
Authors: Zwiehoff Sandra , Johny Jacob , Behrends Carina , Landmann Alina , Mentzel Florian , Bäumer Christian , Kröninger Kevin , Rehbock Christoph , Timmermann Beate , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProton‐based radiotherapy is a modern technique for the treatment of solid tumors with significantly reduced side effects to adjacent tissues. Biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) with high atomic numbers are known to serve as sensitizers and to enhance treatment efficacy, which is commonly believed to be attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, little systematic knowledge is available on how either physical effects due to secondary electron generation or the particle surface chemistry affect ROS production. Thereto, ligand‐free colloidal platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) NPs with well‐controlled particle size distributions and defined total surface area are proton‐irradiated. A fluorescence‐based assay is developed to monitor the formation of ROS using terephthalic acid as a cross‐effect‐free dye. The findings indicate that proton irradiation (PI)‐induced ROS formation sensitized by noble metal NPs is driven by the total available particle surface area rather than particle size or mass. Furthermore, a distinctive material effect with Pt being more active than Au is observed which clearly indicates that the chemical reactivity of the NP surface is a main contributor to ROS generation upon PI. These results pave the way towards an in‐depth understanding of the NP‐induced sensitizing effects upon PI and hence a well‐controlled enhanced therapy.
What We Don’t Know About the Effects of Temperature on Salmonid Growth
Authors: Railsback Steven F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSalmonid biologists use both mental models—simple assumptions—and bioenergetics‐based mathematical models to understand and predict effects of temperature regime on growth. Bioenergetics model results, however, sometimes conflict with common assumptions. Previous studies plus “Wisconsin model” bioenergetics simulations lead to four conclusions that conflict with some management assumptions. The first conclusion is that food consumption is at least as important as temperature in explaining growth; we cannot understand temperature effects without understanding food consumption. Second, at natural food consumption rates, there is no “optimal temperature for growth”; growth peaks in model results are artifacts of food consumption assumptions, and growth peaks in laboratory studies are (apparently) artifacts of ad libitum feeding. Third, effects of temperature on growth can be stronger during cooler seasons than in summer; traditional temperature criteria are not useful for managing such effects. Fourth, salmonid populations that are adapted to survive higher temperatures may be more, not less, vulnerable to temperature effects on growth due to their higher metabolic rates. Temperature–growth relations observed under ad libitum feeding seem risky for managing wild populations. Model predictions of growth need to carefully consider assumptions about food consumption. For predicting effects of increased temperature, the traditional assumption that consumption is a constant fraction of maximum consumption rate appears especially uncertain and incautious, with its hidden assumption that consumption increases with temperature; assuming a constant ration is simpler and more cautious. Growth can be predicted more reliably with feeding models and individual‐based population models that consider how consumption and energetic costs depend on processes such as habitat selection, competition, and adaptive behaviors involving tradeoffs between food intake and predation risk. Two research needs are clear: empirical observations for parameterizing and testing the Wisconsin model comprehensively under natural conditions (which we lack despite the extensive energetics literature), and methods for predicting salmonid food production responses to temperature and flow regimes.
The quirk signal at FASER and FASER 2
Authors: Li Jinmian , Pei Junle , Ran Long jie , Zhang Wenxing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study FASER and FASER 2 sensitivities to the quirk signal by simulating the motions of quirks that are travelling through several infrastructures from the ATLAS interaction point to the FASER (2) detector. The ionization energy losses for a charged quirk travelling in different materials are treated carefully. We calculate the expected numbers of quirk events that can reach the FASER (2) detector for an integrated luminosity of 150 (3000) fb−1. Scenarios for quirks with four different quantum numbers, and different masses and confinement scales are studied.
LKB1 deficiency upregulates RELM-α to drive airway goblet cell metaplasia
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Qiuyang , Li Li , Hao De , Cheng Peiyong , Li Kuan , Li Xue , Wang Jianhai , Wang Qi , Du Zhongchao , Ji Hongbin , Chen Huaiyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTargeting airway goblet cell metaplasia is a novel strategy that can potentially reduce the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms. Tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is an important regulator of the proliferation and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. In this study, we report that LKB1 expression was downregulated in the lungs of patients with COPD and in those of cigarette smoke-exposed mice.Nkx2.1Cre; Lkb1f/fmice with conditional loss ofLkb1in mouse lung epithelium displayed airway mucus hypersecretion and pulmonary macrophage infiltration. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the lung tissues fromNkx2.1Cre; Lkb1f/fmice further revealed that airway goblet cell differentiation was altered in the absence of LKB1. An organoid culture study demonstrated that Lkb1 deficiency in mouse airway (club) progenitor cells promoted the expression of FIZZ1/RELM-α, which drove airway goblet cell differentiation and pulmonary macrophage recruitment. Additionally, monocyte-derived macrophages in the lungs ofNkx2.1Cre; Lkb1f/fmice exhibited an alternatively activated M2 phenotype, while expressing RELM-α, which subsequently aggravated airway goblet cell metaplasia. Our findings suggest that the LKB1-mediated crosstalk between airway progenitor cells and macrophages regulates airway goblet cell metaplasia. Moreover, our data suggest that LKB1 agonists might serve as a potential therapeutic option to treat respiratory disorders associated with goblet cell metaplasia.
Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 regulates pigmentation by controlling the pH of melanosomes in melanocytes and melanoma cells
Authors: Sirés-Campos Julia , Lambertos Ana , Delevoye Cédric , Raposo Graça , Bennett Dorothy C. , Sviderskaya Elena , Jiménez-Cervantes Celia , Olivares Conchi , García-Borrón José Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMahogunin Ring Finger 1 (MGRN1) is an E3-ubiquitin ligase absent in dark-furred mahoganoid mice. We investigated the mechanisms of hyperpigmentation in Mgrn1-null melan-md1 melanocytes, Mgrn1-KO cells obtained by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockdown of Mgrn1 in melan-a6 melanocytes, and melan-a6 cells depleted of MGRN1 by siRNA treatment. Mgrn1-deficient melanocytes showed higher melanin content associated with increased melanosome abundance and higher fraction of melanosomes in highly melanized maturation stages III–IV. Expression, post-translational processing and enzymatic activity of the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme tyrosinase measured in cell-free extracts were comparable in control and MGRN1-depleted cells. However, tyrosinase activity measured in situ in live cells and expression of genes associated with regulation of pH increased upon MGRN1 repression. Using pH-sensitive fluorescent probes, we found that downregulation of MGRN1 expression in melanocytes and melanoma cells increased the pH of acidic organelles, including melanosomes, strongly suggesting a previously unknown role of MGRN1 in the regulation of melanosomal pH. Among the pH regulatory genes upregulated by Mgrn1 knockdown, we identified those encoding several subunits of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase V-ATPase (mostly Atp6v0d2) and a calcium channel of the transient receptor potential channel family, Mucolipin 3 (Mcoln3). Manipulation of expression of the Mcoln3 gene showed that overexpression of Mcoln3 played a significant role in neutralization of the pH of acidic organelles and activation of tyrosinase in MGRN1-depleted cells. Therefore, lack of MGRN1 led to cell-autonomous stimulation of pigment production in melanocytes mostly by increasing tyrosinase specific activity through neutralization of the melanosomal pH in a MCOLN3-dependent manner.
Black Hole Quasinormal Modes and Seiberg–Witten Theory
Authors: Aminov Gleb , Grassi Alba , Hatsuda Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present new analytic results on black hole perturbation theory. Our results are based on a novel relation to four-dimensional$${\mathcal {N}}=2$$N=2supersymmetric gauge theories. We propose an exact version of Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions on quasinormal mode frequencies in terms of the Nekrasov partition function in a particular phase of the$$\Omega $$Ω-background. Our quantization conditions also enable us to find exact expressions of eigenvalues of spin-weighted spheroidal harmonics. We test the validity of our conjecture by comparing against known numerical results for Kerr black holes as well as for Schwarzschild black holes. Some extensions are also discussed.
More passive internal tibial rotation with posterior cruciate ligament retention than with excision in a medial pivot TKA implanted with unrestricted caliper verified kinematic alignment
Authors: Nedopil Alexander J. , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Excision of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is recommended when implanting a medial pivot (MP) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce the risk of limiting flexion by over-tensioning the flexion space. The present study determined whether PCL retention (1) limits internal tibial rotation and (2) causes anterior lift-off of the insert in 90° flexion after implantation of an MP design with unrestricted caliper verified kinematic alignment (KA).

Methods
Four surgeons implanted an MP TKA design with medial ball-in-socket and lateral flat tibial insert in ten fresh-frozen cadaveric knees. Before and after PCL excision, trial inserts with medial goniometric markings measured the angular I–E tibial orientation relative to the trial femoral component's medial condyle in extension and at 90° flexion, and the surgeon recorded the occurrence of anterior lift-off of the insert at 90° flexion.

Results
PCL retention resulted in greater internal tibial rotation than PCL excision, with mean values of 15° vs 7° degrees from maximum extension to 90° flexion, respectively (p < 0.0007). At 90° flexion, no TKAs with PCL retention and one TKA with PCL excision had anterior lift-off of the insert (N.S.).

Conclusions
This preliminary study of ten cadaveric knees showed that PCL retention restored more passive internal tibial rotation than PCL excision with a negligible risk of anterior lift-off. However, in vivo analysis from multiple authors with a larger sample size is required to recommend PCL retention with an MP TKA design implanted with unrestricted caliper verified KA.
Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Woo Kyung Ah , Shin Joo Young , Kim Heejung , Ahn Jeeyun , Jeon Beomseok , Lee Jee-Young 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) changes in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

Methods
We included 21 PSP patients (36 eyes) who underwent peripapillary optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans at 2.5 ± 1.3 years of disease, without ophthalmologic co-morbidities. We compared pRNFL thicknesses in PSP eyes with age-matched 22 controls (22 eyes) using generalized estimating equation model adjusting for intra-subject inter-eye correlations, age and sex. We also analyzed the correlation between the pRNFL thickness and clinical severity using Spearman’s correlation. In twelve PSP patients with 3 T brain MRI volumetric scan within 1 year of OCT exam, we investigated the correlation between the pRNFL thickness and brain atrophy using Pearson’s correlation.

Results
PSP patients had global pRNFL thinning compared to controls (beta = − 6.436, p = 0.025). Global pRNFL thickness correlated with Hoehn & Yahr stages (r = − 0.487, p = 0.025), and nasal pRNFL thinning showed a trend of correlation (uncorrected p < 0.05). Exploratory correlation analysis between global pRNFL thickness and nonmotor items in the PSP rating scale showed a trend toward association with sleep disturbances (uncorrected p = 0.008) and urinary incontinence (uncorrected p = 0.031), although not significant after Bonferroni correction (all 28 items). The patients had significant atrophy in the posterior cingulate cortex, third ventricle, pallidum, and midbrain with reduced midbrain-to-pons ratio, but no correlation was found between pRNFL thickness and brain volumes.

Conclusion
The pRNFL seems to be affected in PSP, which is more severe with advanced disease stages. Retinal investigation in a larger longitudinal cohort would help elucidate the pathophysiological role of retinal thinning in PSP.
Independent evolution of intermediate bill widths in a seabird clade
Authors: Masello Juan F. , Ryan Peter G. , Shepherd Lara D. , Quillfeldt Petra , Cherel Yves , Tennyson Alan J. D. , Alderman Rachael , Calderón Luciano , Cole Theresa L. , Cuthbert Richard J. , Dilley Ben J. , Massaro Melanie , Miskelly Colin M. , Navarro Joan , Phillips Richard A. , Weimerskirch Henri , Moodley Yoshan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInterspecific introgression can occur between species that evolve rapidly within an adaptive radiation. Pachyptila petrels differ in bill size and are characterised by incomplete reproductive isolation, leading to interspecific gene flow. Salvin’s prion (Pachyptila salvini), whose bill width is intermediate between broad-billed (P. vittata) and Antarctic (P. desolata) prions, evolved through homoploid hybrid speciation. MacGillivray’s prion (P. macgillivrayi), known from a single population on St Paul (Indian Ocean), has a bill width intermediate between salvini and vittata and could also be the product of interspecies introgression or hybrid speciation. Recently, another prion population phenotypically similar to macgillivrayi was discovered on Gough (Atlantic Ocean), where it breeds 3 months later than vittata. The similarity in bill width between the medium-billed birds on Gough and macgillivrayi suggest that they could be closely related. In this study, we used genetic and morphological data to infer the phylogenetic position and evolutionary history of P. macgillivrayi and the Gough medium-billed prion relative other Pachyptila taxa, to determine whether species with medium bill widths evolved through common ancestry or convergence. We found that Gough medium-billed prions belong to the same evolutionary lineage as macgillivrayi, representing a new population of MacGillivray’s prion that originated through a colonisation event from St Paul. We show that macgillivrayi’s medium bill width evolved through divergence (genetic drift) and independently from that of salvini, which evolved through hybridisation (gene flow). This represents the independent convergence towards a similarly medium-billed phenotype. The newly discovered MacGillivray’s prion population on Gough is of utmost conservation relevance, as the relict macgillivrayi population in the Indian Ocean is very small.