bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competencias digitales para la docencia no presencial
Authors: Nogales-Bocio Antonia Isabel , Gabelas-Barroso José Antonio , Arranz-Martínez Pilar 
Published: July 2021

Las ciudadanías digitales demandan nuevas formas de enseñar y de aprender en el que el carácter no presencial de la docencia se ha convertido en un reto para las instituciones educativas. En el binomio docente offline/online resulta esencial fomentar la gestión de la identidad digital, además de proporcionar al alumnado un protocolo de aprovechamiento de los dos tipos de contenidos (on y off) y de las actividades didácticas que se plantean.
El presente capítulo reflexiona sobre el papel de las TRIC (Tecnologías de la Relación, Información y Comunicación) en la enseñanza online y aporta los principales resultados de una dinámica de trabajo con profesores y profesoras del Instituto de Bachillerato a Distancia de Álava (España) para el asesoramiento experto en tutorización online y optimización de la educación no presencial.
Maestros golpeados por el conflicto
Authors: Castellanos-Díaz Juliana 
Published: July 2021

La Federación Colombiana de Trabajadores de la Educación (FECODE), manifiesta que a la fecha cuentan con aproximadamente 6 mil docentes amenazados, 1.100 asesinados, 70 en el exilio y 50 desaparecidos.
Algunos de los departamentos en los que los sindicatos de docentes han sido más golpeados por el conflicto armado son: Antioquia, Córdoba, Risaralda, Nariño y Caquetá.
La relación consumidor, distribuidor y proveedor bajo el estatuto del consumidor
Authors: Hernández-Díaz Carlos Arturo 
Published: July 2021

La protección al consumidor se encuentra latente en los estados de derecho, y el ordenamiento jurídico consagra disposiciones constitucionales y legales que la garantizan. El tema central de este capítulo se funda en las disposiciones de orden normativo que consagran la responsabilidad del productor y distribuidor y los derechos de los consumidores.
A partir del siguiente interrogante: ¿Cuáles son los aspectos de especial interés de la Ley 1480 en el marco de la responsabilidad del productor o distribuidor de bienes y servicios, conforme a la protección establecida por el legislador a favor del consumidor en Colombia? Con una estrategia metodológica explorativa- explicativa y a partir del método cualitativo, se abordara la legislación en la materia.
Capítulo 5
Authors: Silva-Echeto Víctor 
Published: July 2021

No han sido pocas las tensiones entre dos de las corrientes críticas más importantes de la segunda mitad del siglo xx y primeros años del xxi: a saber, los estudios culturales y la economía política.
Los primeros son “indisciplinados” y, por ello, de difícil definición, mientras que la segunda se propone una lectura sobre la economía del postcapitalismo en una etapa postsoberana y postsimbólica. En el caso de los estudios culturales, el potencial de esa indisciplina-indefinida cuestiona la estructuración de un campo de estudios, y los lleva a acercarse más a un archipiélago heterogéneo de islas de diversa envergadura y unidas por la tenue línea de aquello que las separa.
RESULTS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELARUSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION THE SILK ROAD ECONOMIC BELT
Authors: Khodoskina O. A. , Igraieva A. A. , Naumova V. Y. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. The most ambitious economic and geopolitical project at present is the New Silk Road initiative, which can radically modify transport and cash flows in Eurasia and around the world. It includes the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road projects and involves the creation of an extensive infrastructure network on the way from the western borders of China through the countries of Central Asia and Iran to Europe. Therefore, the purpose of this work is a detailed comprehensive study and analysis of the development of the Belarusian-Chinese cooperation on the Silk Road Economic Belt project, as well as determination of its further prospects. Methodology In the course of the study, we used statistical, territorial-sectoral and retrospective analysis with elements of economic and mathematical modeling of the functioning of economic systems. Findings. The Republic of Belarus has become the most important link in the creation of the Silk Road Economic Belt. It has a unique geographical advantage, extremely convenient economic and cultural conditions, being a key country in Eastern Europe, located at the junction of the European Union, and the Eurasian Economic Union. The country attracts with a developed transport infrastructure, a high level of education and professional resources. The New Silk Road project is focused primarily on railway communication. The main potential for the Republic of Belarus in transit traffic is associated with the use of containers. It is containerized cargo transportation that is actually the only way to transport goods in Eurasian transit. Originality. At this stage of project development, the construction of a full-scale functional, effective model that would allow predicting the results of the implementation of a specific subproject with the required accuracy is currently impossible. However, at the present stage, the originality is the so-called «problem statement» based on the obtained analytical data. They allow identifying existing problems during project implementation, formulating possible solutions and using them during economic analysis of the efficiency of other international projects of the analytical type (solving analytical economic problems). Practical value. The article discusses the prospects and difficulties of the development of transportations by express container trains of goods and cargo from the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the Republic of Belarus. To overcome the imbalance in foreign trade with China, measures were proposed to solve this problem; attention was paid to the project for the construction of Eurasia high-speed highway (HSR), which should connect China with Western Europe through Russia and Belarus.
Diborides of transition metals: Properties, application and production. review. Part 2. Chromium and zirconium diborides
Authors: Krutskii Yu. L. , Gudyma T. S. , Dyukova K. D. , Kuz’min R. I. , Krutskaya T. M. 
Published: July 2021

The second part of the review considers properties, application and methods for producing chromium and zirconium diborides. These diborides are oxygen-free refractory metal-like compounds. As a result, they are characterized by high values of thermal and electrical conductivity. Their hardness is relatively high. Chromium and zirconium diborides exhibit significant chemical resistance in aggressive environments. They have found application in modern technology because of these reasons. Chromium diboride is used as a sintering additive to improve the properties of ceramics based on boron carbide and titanium diboride. Zirconium diboride is a component of advanced ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC) ZrB2–SiC used in supersonic aircrafts and in gas turbine assemblies. Ceramics B4C–CrB2and B4C–ZrB2have high-quality performance characteristics, in particular, increased crack resistance. The properties of refractory compounds depend on the content of impurities and dispersion. Therefore, to solve a specific problem associated with the use of refractory compounds, it is important to choose the method of their preparation correctly, to determine the admissible content of impurities in the starting components. This leads to the presence of different methods for the borides synthesis. The main methods for their preparation are:a) synthesis from elements;b) borothermal reduction of oxides;c) carbothermal reduction (reduction of mixtures of metal oxides and boron with carbon;d) metallothermal reduction of metal oxides and boron mixtures;e) boron-carbide reduction. Plasma-chemical synthesis (deposition from the vapor-gas phase) is also used to obtain diboride nanopowders. Each of these methods is described.
Prospects for energy-saving methods of crushing brittle materials
Authors: Nikitin A. G. , Fastykovskii A. R. , Shabunov M. E. , Kurochkin N. M. , Bazhenov I. A. 
Published: July 2021

Crushing machines are part of the charge departments of blast-furnace and steel-making shops of metallurgical enterprises. One of the main indicator of the crushing process is its energy efficiency. It is determined by the mass of crushed material when consuming a  unit of electricity. The article considers various methods of crushing brittle materials and the design of crushing machines for their implementation. The  analysis of the crushers has shown that impact crushers are the most energy-efficient. However, due to a significant drawback (the yield of a  suitable product is very small), they are practically not used in the metallurgical industry, in which high requirements are imposed on the finished product fractional composition. In the metallurgical industry, compression crushers are widely used with approximately the same specific energy intensity, that is, with the same energy consumption for the destruction of a unit volume of material of equal strength. Compression fracture is the most energy intensive crushing method known. In single-roll crushers, a  piece of material is fed into the gap between a roll and a solid, stationary plate. During the operation a complex stress state is generated in the destructed material. Compressive forces act on a piece of crushed material, causing normal compressive stresses in it, and an internal torque, causing shear stresses. This is achieved by the reduction in energy on crushing by 20 – 30 % in comparison with crushers operating in compression (all other things are equal). The  authors describe the design of a crusher, in which the destruction of the processed material occurs due to the forces acting on the crushed piece in one plane towards each other. In this case, only shear stresses arise in the processed piece. The use of crushers, in which the destruction of the processed material occurs due to generation of only tangential stresses in  a  piece, can reduce the energy consumption per unit of finished product by almost a half. The design of such crushers is a promising direction in the development of machines intended for crushing.
Systematic treatment and prevention of cardiac digoxin toxicity
Authors: Alshaer Omar Rezk , Binobaid Abdullah Obaid , Mofti Abdelelah Hesham , Sadagah Mohannad Mahmood , Olwi Khalid Mustafa , Alsulaiman Abdullah Saad , Zabidi Ahmed Hatem , Ghabashi Feras Ayman , Ibrahim Mohammad Abdullah , Bamberook Abdulaziz Mohammed , Jan Abdulla Abid 
Published: July 2021

Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index, such as complicated pharmacokinetics and dynamics. Many drug interactions may occur when the administration of one drug alters the clinical effects of another. As a result, digoxin toxicity can be a common condition within clinical settings that might lead to the development of many morbidities and even mortality. Many studies were published to investigate the efficacy and safety of different management modalities to enhance the outcomes that follow digoxin administration. The aim of the study was to discuss the approaches to systematically treat and prevent the development of cardiac digoxin toxicity. The findings are based on evidence from previous studies in the literature. To be specific, Fab fragments are the most effective modalities that can be used to treat severe cases within ideal periods. However, evidence regarding their administration for asymptomatic or mild cases is still poor regarding the cost-efficacy and the development of serious adverse events. Physicians should primarily care for a better intervention as it is usually associated with a significantly more enhanced prognosis and clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, adequate monitoring of the patients and evaluation of their personal and medical history are important steps in the process, and further approaches are still needed. Also, detailed information about our intended outcomes is furtherly discussed within the manuscript.
Comparision of effectiveness of calcium hyroxide and MTA when used as an indirect pulp therapy (IPT) material- A clinical and radiological assessment
Authors: R Divyashree , Raj Kirthi 
Published: July 2021

: The present study assessed and compared the success of an IPT procedure both clinically and radiographically when Dycal and MTA were used as an IPT material on primary molars.Children aged 4-9 years were screened and those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Accordingly fiftychildren were divided into 2 groups with 25 patient in each group. Cavity preparation was done and the two test materials (Dycal and MTA) were placed at the base in their respective groups and restored with RMGIC. Post-operative radiograph was taken for baseline data. Patients were assessed at Subsequent at 1 and 6 months both clinically and radiographically. Both the test materials had formed a good biological seal, arrested further caries progression and did not cause any adverse pulpal reaction. However the amount of reparative dentin formed was highest in the Dycal group followed by MTA group. Both the experimental materials Dycal and MTA showed reparative dentin formation at the end of 1 and 6 months and also formed a good biological seal and maintained vitality of the pulp which indicates both are good IPT material.
Sprawy Kościoła prawosławnego, kościołów ewangelickich i gmin wyznaniowych żydowskich w praktyce prawnej Prokuratorii Generalnej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 1919-1939
Authors: Tkaczuk Marek 
Published: July 2021

W lutym 1919 r. na mocy dekretu Tymczasowego Naczelnika Państwa Józefa Piłsudskiego utworzono Prokuratorię Generalną Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Sejm Ustawodawczy uchwaloną w lipcu 1919 r. ustawą utrzymał w ustroju państwa Prokuratorię i scentralizowany model ochrony interesów prawnych i majątkowych państwa. Sejm Ustawodawczy powierzył Prokuratorii także ochronę interesów majątkowych kościołów. Ochrona Prokuratorii przyjmowała postać pomocy prawnej w drodze zastępstwa prawnego lub czynności konsultacyjnych albo opiniodawczych. Ochrona Prokuratorii, traktowana przez kościoły jako forma nadzoru państwowego, została zniesiona w 1926 r. Agendę prowadzoną przez Prokuratorię po 1925 r. w kategorii określanej jako sprawy wyznaniowe wypełniały czynności zmierzające do ochrony interesów publicznych i majątkowych państwa w stosunkach z kościołami i innymi związkami religijnymi.
Domniemania sądowe w procesach nullitatis matrimonii z tytułów symulacji zgody małżeńskiej w orzecznictwie Roty Rzymskiej
Authors: Góralski Wojciech 
Published: July 2021

W procesie nullitatis matrimonii jednym z dowodów jest domniemanie (praesumptio). Obok domniemań prawnych (praesumpiones iuris) istnieją domniemania sędziowskie (praesumpiones hominis), wypracowane przez orzecznictwo Roty Rzymskiej.
Wiele domniemań sędziowskich Rota Rzymska przyjmuje w procesach prowadzonych z tytułów dotyczących symulacji zgody małżeńskiej (kan. 1101 § 2 KPK/83). Po przedstawieniu domniemań w sytuacji symulacji zgody małżeńskiej in genere, autor omawia domniemania sędziowskie dotyczące wykluczenia bonum fidei, bonum prolis, bonum sacramenti, godności sakramentalnej małżeństwa oraz bonum coniugum.
Domniemania sędziowskie spełniają w procesie o nieważność małżeństwa rolę pomocniczą, pomagając sędziemu w uzyskaniu pewności moralnej.
The Crime of Offending Religious Feelings – Legal Analysis
Authors: Niedźwiecka Monika 
Published: July 2021

Przestępstwo obrazy uczuć religijnych – analiza prawna
W artykule przedstawiono analizę prawną przestępstwa, o którym w art. 196 Kodeksu karnego. Ze względu na ograniczone ramy niniejszego opracowania Autor ogranicza swoje rozważania do analizy poglądów prawników i komentatorów dotyczących przedmiotu ochrony oraz materialnej i osobowej strony przestępstwa obrazy uczuć religijnych. Ponadto Autor wskazuje na brak ustawowej definicji pojęcia „uczucia religijne”, wykazując jednocześnie konsekwencje prawne takiego stanu rzeczy.
Autor postuluje, aby art. 196 Kodeksu karnego został zmieniony pod kątem analizowanego pojęcia, wskazując na potrzebę ustalenia prawnej definicji pojęcia „uczucia religijne” lub zastąpienia go pojęciem tak zdefiniowanym, aby wykluczyć swobodę interpretacji zakresu przedmiotu ochrony na podstawie art. 196 Kodeksu karnego.
Effect of Dentures on Palatal Rugae: An Investigation
Authors: Akula Rajesh , Srinath H. P. , Maroli Sohani , Yarlagadda Siva Kiran Babu , Uday Kiran Tej D. , Srinath Tishia 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the rugae pattern changes (rugae number, length, shape, direction, and unification) in completely edentulous patients treated with complete denture. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 subjects were selected for the study. The experimental group comprised 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) who had undergone complete denture treatment and the control group comprised 40 participants (20 males and 20 females) who were dentulous and patients with fixed partial denture treatment. Mucostatic maxillary alginate impressions were made for all the subjects, and casts were poured with gypsum. Patients were recalled at the regular intervals of 1, 6, and 18 months after the treatment. During those recalls, the same impression procedure was made, and all the palatal rugaes were observed for number, length, shape, direction, and unifications under magnifying lens. Changes in the palatal rugae were statistically analyzed using the unpaired t‑test. Results: A gradual decrease in the length was observed in primary, secondary, and fragmentary rugae for the experimental group after denture wearing (Group 1). Statistically, the change was significant (P < 0.001) in primary rugae only. A slight change in rugae shape was also observed in the experimental group after 18 months period of denture wearing which is statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Significant decrease in primary rugae length in complete denture wearers was due to sustained mechanical stress posed by the dentures on palatal rugae. The other parameters such as rugae number, direction, and unification remained constant throughout the study. Palatal rugae analysis may not be helpful for human identification in complete denture wearers. Nevertheless, palatal rugae may serve as an adjuvant to other techniques such as DNA analysis and finger prints in forensic investigations.
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) TRANSMISSION IN IRAQ
Authors: Hussein Emad Kamil , Gaaz Tayser Sumer , Subhi Kussay Ahmed , Ghouali Samir , Guellil Mohammed Seghir 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: As a result of a sudden spreading of an epidemic novel virus, scientifically named COVID-19, this paper has been done to present a contribution towards fighting this virus in Iraq.
Methodology: This investigation is focusing on constructing an engineering mathematical model based on the Suspected, Infected, and Recovered model (SIR), given by Kermack and McKendrick.
Main Findings: Iraqi people are facing and suffering from this COVID-19. Three governorates occupying the locally highest infection levels, plus the world's highest deaths to infected cases ratio of about 11%, are Baghdad, Sulaimani, and Karbala.
Implications: It is showed that the Reproduction ratio R0)K is positive (greater than 1) in the three nominated zones, which means that the epidemic disease will keep spreading in a broad manner and depending on many specific factors. Many effective recommendations are presented to avoid spreading this novel virus via many techniques.
Novelty: SIR model is used to assess epidemic levels in 3 zones.
Practices of online teaching, learning and assessment of the students of the BSc in EEE programme during the COVID-2019 pandemic
Authors: Bhuyan Muhibul Haque 
Published: July 2021

Most of the educational institutions, from primary level to tertiary level, had to be closed when the coronavirus pandemic affected the world in 2020. Then, educators became concerned about the education of the students as they were completely relying and habituated on face-to-face teaching–learning processes. This paper reports on how the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering has faced that challenges in bringing the students to online classes as well as how they assessed and evaluated the students. A survey was conducted among the students who registered for the course with 14 survey questions. From the results, online classes are the best solution to the challenge; some students faced connectivity problems but it was concluded that the main purpose of teaching online is to continue the education process. Despite some challenges encountered, the teaching–learning process of the teachers and students was successful through this newly reformed system of education.

Keywords: Online assessment, online class, online teaching, online learning, COVID-19.
PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI LAPAS DENGAN PENDEKATAN MINAT USAHA
Authors: Hapsari Sri , Shahroza Dhova 
Published: July 2021

This descriptive research aimed to discover the implementation of entrepreneurship education that can be developed to be applied at Female Prison, IIB Class, Tangerang. The research conducted as from October 2013 through February 2014 describes the prisonersâ€™ characteristics by age, crime, religion, and education. Besides it also mentions the educational methods applied in the Female Prison. The research stages began with fileld study to obtain data related to education, religion, age, crime, and business interest. The data indicates their interest in commercial business is 71 % with the background of business experience before they were taken into prison and the entrepreneurship education in the prison will motivate them to develop their previous commercial business or to start a business for those who have not done any commercial business.
MODEL DESA TERPADU PAUDNI MEWUJUDKAN MASYARAKAT PEMBELAJAR SEPANJANG HAYAT
Authors: Sadid Agus 
Published: July 2021

The pattern of rural development should move towards an integral-concept of development. Early childhood education program, (PAUDNI) has a huge potential to enhance peopleâ€™s welfare. The village model of PAUDNI would be the best alternative solution of empowering community. The problem is how to develop the integrated village model that establishes a life-long learning community. This article describes, discusses, and explores the integrated village model of PUDNI. The conclusion is (1) the PAUDNI village is constructed by the andragogy theory by Knowles and Pannen, emphasizing the community empowerment on integral and integrated aspects; (2) the construction of PAUDNI village model includes community participations, cooperation, commitment, and integrity; (3) the implementation of the model should consider data and analysis, community participation, PAUDNI Units such as PKBM, LKP, PAUD and other non-formal and informal groups; (4) in supervision and guidance process, the model of PAUNI village should involve some related people or institutions. Implementing such a village model properly would create a life-long learning community and enhance the social welfare and the life quality of the community.