bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Community Acquired Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Received at the Traumatology Unit of a Secondary Referral Health Setting in the Western Cameroon
Authors: Manhafo Viany Nankeng , Tadongfack Thomas Djifack , Nitcheu Irina Lydia Sudeu , Nkouayep Vanessa Rosine , Nzeffouo Selabi Aline Camerl , Kamtchueng Monique Odette , Piameu Chadou Michael Junior 
Published: September 2021

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is responsible of a wide range of both community and Hospital acquired infections. Several genomic variability underlie the diversity of S. aureus strains responsible for the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Objective: To assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of community acquired S. aureus isolated from pus samples in patients received at the traumatology unit of Our Lady of Health Centre of Batseng'la in Dschang, Western Cameroon.
Study Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out over a period of five months (from January to May 2021) involving a total of 52 participants received at the traumatology unit of Our Lady of Health Centre of Batseng'la in Dschang, Western Cameroon.
Methods: Pus samples collected from participants were seeded on Chapman Agar at 37°C for 24 hours. The colonies identification was based on catalase, coagulase and DNAse tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25 Software.
Results: S. aureus was isolated in 22 of the 54 pus samples analysed, giving a positivity rate of 42.3%. The majority of strains (63.6%) were isolated from subjects less than 21 years old. From the strains isolated, 40.9% were MRSA and 86.4% presented multi-resistance patterns to the antibiotics tested. All strains of MRSA were found to be cross-resistant with one or more other antibiotics.
Conclusion: The multi-resistance of community acquired S. aureus to antibiotics is a reality. Adequate care should be taken while handling suppurating wounds and abscesses. Especially in younger ager individuals, as this may help in timely setting up proper care and treatment protocols necessary to overcome drug resistance of such extremely flexible pathogens.
Public Health Implications of Coliform Contaminants in Non-packaged, Commercially Hawked Herbal Remedies Sold in Port Harcourt
Authors: Ndukwu C. L. C. , Akani N. P. , Wemedo S. A. , Sampson T. 
Published: September 2021

The long history of use of coliforms as indicators of microbiological quality of water and food materials constitutes a veritable rationale for the ascertainment of the microbiological status of locally brewed, liquid herbal remedies, commercially hawked and widely consumed within Port Harcourt metropolis as envisaged in this study. Seventy two samples of twelve different non-packaged, oral herbal remedies commonly known as “Agbo” – the Yoruba word for medicine - were purchased from six different localities within Port Harcourt City and Obio/Akpor local governments of Rivers state. They were analyzed within two hours for total heterotrophic bacterial counts and total coliform counts. The bacterial isolates were characterized and identified by Gram staining and Biochemical tests using standard methods. The total coliform count is 4.53±1.11 Log10cfu/ml ranging from 3.69±0.85 for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) remedies to 5.46±1.15 Log10cfu/ml for the cure-all (Gbogbonise) remedies. The mean total coliform counts (TCC) for the remedies are 4.53±1.00 Log10CFU/ml. Gbogbonise had the highest TCC of 5.46±1.15 Log10 cfu/ml, while STD remedies had the least TCC of 3.69±0.85 Log10cfu/ml. Out of a total of one hundred and fifty six isolates there were seventy three coliforms constituting 46.8% of all isolates. They include Enterobacter aerogenes (19; 12.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (18; 11.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10; 6.4%) Citrobacter rodentium (7;4.5) Enterobacter pyrinus: (5;3.2%) Enterobacter hormaechei (3; 1.9%) Klebsiella oxytoca (3; 1.9%) Serratia marcescens (3;1.9%) Serratia rubidaea (3; 1.9%) Hafnia alvei (1; 0.6%) and Pantoea dispersa (1; 0.6%) The high prevalence of coliform contamination is an indication of poor microbial quality, implying that consumption of the products may pose potential health hazards. Education and enlightenment of handlers on the principles of basic hygiene and good manufacturing principles, is advised to ensure that products have tolerable levels of bacterial contaminants.
Designing of some Novel Methyl 2-((4-(Benzamido)Phenyl)Sulfanyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-Methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate Derivatives as Potential Glucokinase Activators through Molecular Docking
Authors: Kazi A. A. , Chatpalliwar V. A. 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Glucokinase (GK) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that metabolizes the glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate and supports the adjusting of blood glucose levels within the normal range in humans. In pancreatic β-cells, it plays a leading role by governing the glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin and in liver hepatocyte cells, it controls the metabolism of carbohydrates. GK acts as a promising drug target for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Study Design: In the current study, the goal is to identify new substituted benzamide derivatives and test them via molecular docking as possible anti-diabetic drugs.
Place and Duration of Study: The present work has been carried out at S.N.J.B’s S.S.D.J. College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India during the time period of December-2020 to February-2021.
Methodology: This work involved designing novel methyl 2-((4-(benzamido)phenyl)sulfanyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives and their screening by molecular docking studies to determine the binding interactions for the best-fit conformations in the binding site of the GK enzyme. Autodockvina 1.1.2 in PyRx 0.8 was used to perform the docking studies of all the designed novel derivatives and native ligand against the crystal structure of GK. Based on the results of docking studies, the selected molecules will be tested for their antidiabetic activity in the animal models.
Results: Amongst the designed derivatives, compounds A2, A3, A8, A10, A11, A13, A14, A16, A17, and A18 have shown better binding free energy (between -8.7 to -10.3 kcal/mol) than the native ligand present in the enzyme structure. In present investigation, many molecules had formed strong hydrogen bond with Arg-63 which indicate the potential to activate GK.
Conclusion: From above results it has been observed that these designed benzamide derivatives have potential to activate the human GK which enables us to proceed for the syntheses of these derivatives.
Compounds from Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. Inhibit Microbes that Impair Wound Healing
Authors: Vaidyanathan Lalitha , Lokeswari T. Sivaswamy 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To identify the antimicrobial potency of the leaf fractions of Vernonia arborea against selected wound microbes viz., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Background: Wound healing is often delayed due to the presence of polymicrobial load, that have to be abolished to facilitate the healing process. A major class of antimicrobial phytocompound reported to occur in Vernonia arborea species include sesquiterpenes. Reports on the wound healing potency of V. arborea in wound models of Wistar rats however did not report antimicrobial activity of the aqueous or methanolic extracts.
Methodology: The column fractions of the hexane leaf extract were tested against the selected strains by agar well diffusion assay and the zone of inhibition confirmed with TLC bioautography at specific Rf. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive fractions was identified using resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined. HPTLC quantification was also performed.
Results: Out of the 30 pooled fractions, six showed antimicrobial potency against all the five tested wound microbes. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these fractions were determined, ranging from 15.62 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL for the different microbes. Quantitative High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) revealed two compounds (a and b) in the bioactive fraction10 with yields of 633 mg (63%) and 97 mg (9.7%) per gram of the extract.
Conclusion: The findings suggest the potential use of the bioactive compound in chronic infectious wound management therapy.
Deep learning object detection to estimate the nectar sugar mass of flowering vegetation
Authors: Hicks Damien , Baude Mathilde , Kratz Christoph , Ouvrard Pierre , Stone Graham 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Floral resources are a key driver of pollinator abundance and diversity, yet their quantification in the field and laboratory is laborious and requires specialist skills.

Using a dataset of 25,000 labelled tags of fieldwork‐realistic quality, a convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN) was trained to detect the nectar‐producing floral units of 25 taxa in surveyors’ quadrat images of native, weed‐rich grassland in the United Kingdom.

Floral unit detection on a test set of 50 model‐unseen images of comparable vegetation returned a precision of 90%, recall of 86% and F1 score (the harmonic mean of precision and recall) of 88%. Model performance was consistent across the range of floral abundance in this habitat.

Comparison of the nectar sugar mass estimates made by the CNN and three human surveyors returned similar means and standard deviations. Over half of the nectar sugar mass estimates made by the model fell within the absolute range of those of the human surveyors.

The optimal number of quadrat image samples was determined to be the same for the CNN as for the average human surveyor. For a standard quadrat sampling protocol of 10–15 replicates, this application of deep learning could cut pollinator‐plant survey time per stand of vegetation from hours to minutes.

The CNN is restricted to a single view of a quadrat, with no scope for manual examination or specimen collection, though in contrast to human surveyors its object detection is deterministic and its floral unit definition is standardized.

As agri‐environment schemes move from prescriptive to results‐based, this approach provides an independent barometer of grassland management which is usable by both landowner and scheme administrator. The model can be adapted to visual estimations of other ecological resources such as winter bird food, floral pollen volume, insect infestation and tree flowering/fruiting, and by adjustment of classification threshold may show acceptable taxonomic differentiation for presence–absence surveys.
Dosimetric comparison of VitalBeam® and HalcyonTM 2.0 for hypofractionated VMAT with simultaneous integrated boost treatment of early‐stage left‐sided breast cancer
Authors: Ju Eunbin , Heo Eun Jeong , Park Chun Gun , Kim Minseok , Kim Kwang Hyeon , Shim Jang Bo , Park Young Je , Lee Nam Kwon , Kim Chul Yong , Lee Suk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study compared the quality of treatment plans for early‐stage, left‐sided breast cancer, as planned for and delivered by the HalcyonTM and VitalBeam®.Materials and methodsFifteen patients diagnosed with early‐stage left‐sided breast cancer, who had received VMAT with hypofractionated SIB, were recruited. All cases were planned using HalcyonTM comprising a dual‐layer MLC (DL‐MLC) and VitalBeam® with a Millennium 120 MLC (VB‐MLC). For the PTVs, the quality of coverage (QC), conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI) were calculated for each plan. The dosimetric differences between the two treatment plans were statistically compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (p < 0.05). To evaluate delivery efficiency, the average delivery time for each patient's treatment plan was recorded and compared.ResultsFor the PTVs, the two plans (DL‐MLC and VB‐MLC) were comparable in terms of the QC, CI, and HI. However, V30Gy and Dmean for the heart in the DL‐MLC plan were significantly reduced by 0.49% and 14.6%, respectively, compared with those in the VB‐MLC plan (p < 0.05). The Dmean value for the ipsilateral lung in the DL‐MLC plan significantly decreased by 5.5%, compared with that in the VB‐MLC plan (p < 0.05). In addition, the delivery times for the DL‐MLC and VB‐MLC plans were 79 ± 10 and 101 ± 11 s, respectively.ConclusionsDL‐MLC plans were found to improve OAR sparing. In particular, when treating left‐sided breast cancer via DL‐MLC plans, the risk of heart toxicity is expected to be reduced.
Combining the model statement and the sketching while narrating interview techniques to elicit information and detect lies in multiple interviews
Authors: Deeb Haneen , Vrij Aldert , Leal Sharon , Mann Samantha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current experiment examined the effects of combining two interview techniques on information elicitation and lie detection in multiple interviews. Participants were interviewed online over three weeks. Two‐thirds of the participants (n = 114) were presented with the model statement (MS) interview technique in Interview 1 and were asked to sketch and narrate in Interview 2 (MS‐Sketch condition) or vice versa (Sketch‐MS condition). In Interview 3, all participants provided a free recall. The remaining one‐third of participants (n = 61) provided only a free recall in the three interviews. Truth tellers reported more information than lie tellers in all three interviews. In Interview 2, the Sketch‐MS condition elicited more new information and cues to deceit than the other conditions. The results imply that veracity effects are consistent across multiple interviews and the MS is effective for eliciting information and cues to deceit when preceded by an initial recall.
Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Utility of Referral Rules to Identify Primary Care Patients at Risk of an Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease
Authors: van Delft Elke Theodora Antonia Maria , Barreto Deirisa Lopes , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette Helena Maria , Alves Celina , Hazes Johanna Maria Wilhelmina , Kuijper Tjallingius Martijn , Weel‐Koenders Angelique Elisabeth Adriana Maria 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort (REACH) and the Clinical Arthritis Rule (CARE) referral rules in an independent population of unselected patients from primary care.MethodsThis study consisted of adults who were suspected of the need for referral to a rheumatologist by their general practitioner. Diagnostic accuracy measures and a net benefit approach were used to compare both rules to usual care for recognizing inflammatory arthritis and inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs). Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and cross‐validation we created an optimal prediction rule for IRD.ResultsThis study consisted of 250 patients, of whom 42 (17%) were diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis and 55 (22%) with an IRD 3 months after referral. Considering inflammatory arthritis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.64–0.80) for REACH and 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.88) for CARE. Considering IRD, the AUC was 0.66 (95% CI 0.58–0.74) for REACH and 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.83) for CARE. CARE was of highest clinical value when compared to usual care. The composite referral rule for IRD of 10 parameters included sex, age, joint features, acute onset of symptoms, physical limitations, and duration of symptoms (AUC 0.82 [95% CI 0.75–0.88]).ConclusionBoth validated rules have a net benefit in recognizing inflammatory arthritis as well as IRD compared to usual care, but CARE shows superiority over REACH. Although the composite referral rule indicates a greater diagnostic performance, external validation is needed.
Molten‐Salt‐Assisted CsPbI3 Perovskite Crystallization for Nearly 20%‐Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Fang Yuankun , Zhao Wangen , Han Ruijie , Wen Jialun , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDynamic manipulation of crystallization is pivotal to the quality of polycrystalline films. A molten‐salt‐assisted crystallization (MSAC) strategy is presented to improve grain growth of the all‐inorganic perovskite films. Compared with the traditional solvent annealing, MSAC enables more intensive mass transfer by means of convection and diffusion, which is beneficial to the interaction among the precursor colloids and to inducing in‐plane growth of perovskite grains, resulting in the formation of high‐quality perovskite films with suppressed pinhole and crack formation. Additionally, the introduction of molten salt alters the intermediate phases, and thus changes the crystallization pathways by reducing the energy barrier to produce films with desired optical and electrical properties. As a result, the MSAC strategy endows the devices with champion steady‐state output efficiency of 19.83% and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 1.2 V, among the highest for this type of solar cell, thanks to its effectively reduced Voc deficit.
Rational Design and General Synthesis of Multimetallic Metal–Organic Framework Nano‐Octahedra for Enhanced Li–S Battery
Authors: Li Wenting , Guo Xiaotian , Geng Pengbiao , Du Meng , Jing Qingling , Chen Xudong , Zhang Guangxun , Li Hongpeng , Xu Qiang , Braunstein Pierre , Pang Huan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which consist of central metal nodes and organic linkers, constitute a fast growing class of crystalline porous materials with excellent application potential. Herein, a series of Mn‐based multimetallic MOF (bimetallic and trimetallic MIL‐100) nano‐octahedra are prepared by a facile one‐pot synthetic strategy. The types and proportions of the incorporated elements can be tuned while retaining the original topological structure. The introduction of other metal ions is verified at the atomic level by combining X‐ray absorption fine structure experiments and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, these multimetallic Mn‐based MIL‐100 nano‐octahedra are utilized as sulfur hosts to prepare cathodes for Li–S batteries. The MnNi‐MIL‐100@S cathode exhibits the best Li–S battery performance among all reported MIL‐100@S composite cathode materials, with a reversible capacity of ≈708.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. The synthetic strategy described herein is utilized to incorporate metal ions into the MOF architecture, of which the parent monometallic MOF nano‐octahedra cannot be prepared directly, thus rationally generating novel multimetallic MOFs. Importantly, the strategy also allows for the general synthesis and study of various micro‐/nanoscale MOFs in the energy storage field.
Reversible Thermochromism in All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free Cs3Sb2I9 Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Singh Anupriya , Satapathi Soumitra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere, lattice expansion modulated reversible thermochromism (TCM) in all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs3Sb2I9 perovskite single crystals (SCs) is demonstrated. Upon temperature change, Cs3Sb2I9 SC exhibits a reversible color change between red and dark‐brown. The corresponding optical band‐edge modulation and structural phase transition are monitored by temperature dependent UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction study. This observed reversible TCM is attributed to the lattice expansion and strain relaxation at elevated temperatures. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy confirms enhanced electron–phonon coupling originating from stretched SbI terminal bonds at elevated temperature. This work validates that the all‐inorganic Cs3Sb2I9 perovskites have the potential in smart thermochromic windows and temperature sensors applications.
Antimony‐Rich GaAsxSb1−x Nanowires Passivated by Organic Sulfides for High‐Performance Transistors and Near‐Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Wei , Yip SenPo , Meng You , Wang Weijun , Wang Fei , Bu Xiuming , Lai Zhengxun , Kang Xiaolin , Xie Pengshan , Quan Quan , Liu Chuntai , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to their excellent properties, ternary GaAsxSb1−x nanowires have been extensively investigated to enable various nanodevice structures. However, the surfactant effect of antimony has a notorious impact on the surface morphology and electrical properties of prepared Sb‐rich nanowires, restricting their practical utilization. Herein, through the in situ passivation effect of thiourea, highly‐crystalline, uniform, and thin GaAsxSb1−x nanowires (x ≤ 0.34) are successfully achieved. In contrast to low‐melting‐point sulfur powders typically used in surfactant‐assisted chemical vapor deposition, thiourea has a relatively higher melting point, facilitating the more controllable formation of SbxSy layer on the nanowire surface to minimize the radial growth and to stabilize the sidewalls for high‐quality Sb‐rich nanowires. When configured into field‐effect transistors, the obtained GaSb nanowires exhibit excellent device performance with a hole mobility of over 200 cm2 V−1 s−1. The optimal GaAs0.18Sb0.82 device yields an impressive responsivity of 5.4 × 104 A W−1 and an external quantum efficiency of 4.4 × 106% under near‐infrared light illumination. Importantly, the rise and decay times are as efficient as 80 and 104 µs, respectively, which are better than any values reported for GaAsSb nanowire photoconductors to date. All these results demonstrate the promising potential of GaAsxSb1−x nanowires for high‐mobility electronics and ultrafast near‐infrared optoelectronics.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Selective Alkynylation of C−H Bonds
Authors: Suseelan Sarala Anjana , Bhowmick Suman , de Carvalho Renato L. , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel Ahmed , Mokhtar Mohamed , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlkynylation reactions are one of the most sought‐after synthetic methodologies due to the versatility of C−C triple bond diversifications. Sonogashira coupling was widely used for the synthesis of alkynylated molecules; however, this methodology requires the use of previously halogenated substrates, which is a major drawback. To overcome this issue, a complimentary method, transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H alkynylation, was emerged as an alternative tool in the recent years. Though the initial reports required the use of either specific directing groups or strong alkynylating agents for effective functionalization, recent studies indicate that transition‐metal‐catalyzed site selective alkynylations can be carried out using mild and readily available alkynylating agents under moderate reaction conditions. In this review, we explain the transition metal cataluyzed site selective alkynylation both C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H bonds by emphasizing to the reaction mechanism.magnified image