bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case with hepatic immune-related adverse events caused by nivolumab exhibiting impaired accumulation of regulatory T cells
Authors: Sekai Ikue , Hagiwara Satoru , Watanabe Tomohiro , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSystemic administration of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody (Ab) has achieved remarkable success in metastatic cancers. The blockade of PD-1-mediated signaling pathways sometimes cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to restored anti-cancer as well as anti-self immunity. Although the liver is a preferential organ for irAEs, the immuno-pathogenesis underlying hepatic irAEs has been poorly understood. We describe a 57-year-old man with Stage IV lung cancer who underwent the first-line regimen composed of carboplatin and paclitaxel. Nivolumab treatment (3.2 mg/kg, every 3 weeks) was initiated when the disease progressed after the first chemotherapy. Sequential occurrence of irAEs involving the multiorgan systems was observed. He developed hepatic irAEs (Grade 3) after endocrine, lung, and cutaneous irAEs. Lobular hepatitis characterized by predominant infiltration of CD8+ T cells was seen in the liver biopsy specimens. Interestingly, defective accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) was evident in this case with hepatic irAEs as compared with typical cases with autoimmune hepatitis. This case suggests that hepatic irAEs are characterized not only by lobular infiltration of CD8+ T cells but also by defective accumulation of FOXP3+ Tregs.
Equivalent Scalar Stress Formulation Taking into Account Non-Resolved Turbulent Scales
Authors: Konnigk Lucas , Torner Benjamin , Bruschewski Martin , Grundmann Sven , Wurm Frank-Hendrik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cardiovascular engineering includes flows with fluid-dynamical stresses as a parameter of interest. Mechanical stresses are high-risk factors for blood damage and can be assessed by computational fluid dynamics. By now, it is not described how to calculate an adequate scalar stress out of turbulent flow regimes when the whole share of turbulence is not resolved by the simulation method and how this impacts the stress calculation.

Methods
We conducted direct numerical simulations (DNS) of test cases (a turbulent channel flow and the FDA nozzle) in order to access all scales of flow movement. After validation of both DNS with literature und experimental data using magnetic resonance imaging, the mechanical stress is calculated as a baseline. Afterwards, same flows are calculated using state-of-the-art turbulence models. The stresses are computed for every result using our definition of an equivalent scalar stress, which includes the influence from respective turbulence model, by using the parameter dissipation. Afterwards, the results are compared with the baseline data.

Results
The results show a good agreement regarding the computed stress. Even when no turbulence is resolved by the simulation method, the results agree well with DNS data. When the influence of non-resolved motion is neglected in the stress calculation, it is underpredicted in all cases.

Conclusion
With the used scalar stress formulation, it is possible to include information about the turbulence of the flow into the mechanical stress calculation even when the used simulation method does not resolve any turbulence.
The close relation between border and Pommaret marked bases
Authors: Bertone Cristina , Cioffi Francesca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiven a finite order ideal $${\mathcal {O}}$$
O
in the polynomial ring $$K[x_1,\ldots , x_n]$$

K
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]

over a field K, let $$\partial {\mathcal {O}}$$

∂
O

be the border of $${\mathcal {O}}$$
O
and $${\mathcal {P}}_{\mathcal {O}}$$

P
O

the Pommaret basis of the ideal generated by the terms outside $${\mathcal {O}}$$
O
. In the framework of reduction structures introduced by Ceria, Mora, Roggero in 2019, we investigate relations among $$\partial {\mathcal {O}}$$

∂
O

-marked sets (resp. bases) and $${\mathcal {P}}_{\mathcal {O}}$$

P
O

-marked sets (resp. bases). We prove that a $$\partial {\mathcal {O}}$$

∂
O

-marked set B is a marked basis if and only if the $${\mathcal {P}}_{\mathcal {O}}$$

P
O

-marked set P contained in B is a marked basis and generates the same ideal as B. Using a functorial description of these marked bases, as a byproduct we obtain that the affine schemes respectively parameterizing $$\partial {\mathcal {O}}$$

∂
O

-marked bases and $${\mathcal {P}}_{\mathcal {O}}$$

P
O

-marked bases are isomorphic. We are able to describe this isomorphism as a projection that can be explicitly constructed without the use of Gröbner elimination techniques. In particular, we obtain a straightforward embedding of border schemes in affine spaces of lower dimension. Furthermore, we observe that Pommaret marked schemes give an open covering of Hilbert schemes parameterizing 0-dimensional schemes without any group actions. Several examples are given throughout the paper.
On formal ethics versus inclusive moral deliberation
Authors: Hoffmann Christian Herzog né 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, I will advocate caution against a formalization of ethics by showing that it may produce and perpetuate unjustified power imbalances, disadvantaging those without a proper command of the formalisms, and those not in a position to decide on the formalisms’ use. My focus rests mostly on ethics formalized for the purpose of implementing ethical evaluations in computer science–artificial intelligence, in particular—but partly also extends to the project of applying mathematical rigor to moral argumentation with no direct intention to automate moral deliberation. Formal ethics of the latter kind can, however, also be seen as a facilitator of automated ethical evaluation. I will argue that either form of formal ethics presents an obstacle to inclusive and fair processes for arriving at a society-wide moral consensus. This impediment to inclusive moral deliberation may prevent a significant portion of society from acquiring a deeper understanding of moral issues. However, I will defend the view that such understanding supports genuine and sustained moral progress. From this, it follows that formal ethics is not per se supportive of moral progress. I will illustrate these arguments by practical examples of manifest asymmetric relationships of power primarily from the domain of autonomous vehicles as well as on more visionary concepts, such as artificial moral advisors. As a result, I will show that in these particular proposed use-cases of formal ethics, machine ethics risks to run contrary to their proponents’ proclaimed promises of increasing the rigor of moral deliberation and even improving human morality on the whole. Instead, I will propose that inclusive discourse about automating ethical evaluations, e.g., in autonomous vehicles, should be conducted with unrelenting transparency about the limitations of implementations of ethics. As an outlook, I will briefly discuss uses formal ethics that are more likely to avoid discrepancies between the ideal of inclusion and the challenge from power asymmetries.Please check and confirm that the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.I confirm.Author names: Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). I confirm. Kindly check and confirm the country name for the affiliation [1] is correct.I confirm.
Is hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy a cause of sustained ventricular arrhythmias in humans?
Authors: Nadarajah R. , Patel P. A. , Tayebjee M. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) is most commonly secondary to sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). This review aimed to evaluate if left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) secondary to systemic hypertension in humans is an isolated risk factor for ventricular arrhythmogenesis. Animal models of hypertensive LVH have shown changes in ion channel function and distribution, gap junction re-distribution and fibrotic deposition. Clinical data has consistently exhibited an increase in prevalence and complexity of non-sustained VAs on electrocardiographic monitoring. However, there is a dearth of trials suggesting progression to sustained VAs and SCD, with extrapolations being confounded by presence of co-existent asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Putatively, this lack of data may be due to the presence of more homogenous distribution of pathophysiological changes seen in those with hypertensive LVH versus known pro-arrhythmic conditions such as HCM and myocardial infarction. The overall impression is that sustained VAs in the context of hypertensive LVH are most likely to be precipitated by other causes such as CAD or electrolyte disturbance.
80 Years of vision: preventing blindness from retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Wood Edward H. , Chang Emmanuel Y. , Beck Kinley , Hadfield Brandon R. , Quinn Amy R. , Harper Clio Armitage 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading yet preventable causes of childhood blindness worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical template for observational and treatment methods in order to reduce the overall incidence of any ROP and to improve both short-term and long-term outcomes once Type 1 ROP (treatable ROP) develops.
Robust and ultralow-energy-threshold ignition of a lean mixture by an ultrashort-pulsed laser in the filamentation regime
Authors: Zang Hongwei , Li Helong , Zhang Wei , Fu Yao , Chen Shanming , Xu Huailiang , Li Ruxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLaser ignition (LI) allows for precise manipulation of ignition timing and location and is promising for green combustion of automobile and rocket engines and aero-turbines under lean-fuel conditions with improved emission efficiency; however, achieving completely effective and reliable ignition is still a challenge. Here, we report the realization of igniting a lean methane/air mixture with a 100% success rate by an ultrashort femtosecond laser, which has long been regarded as an unsuitable fuel ignition source. We demonstrate that the minimum ignition energy can decrease to the sub-mJ level depending on the laser filamentation formation, and reveal that the resultant early OH radical yield significantly increases as the laser energy reaches the ignition threshold, showing a clear boundary for misfire and fire cases. Potential mechanisms for robust ultrashort LI are the filamentation-induced heating effect followed by exothermal chemical reactions, in combination with the line ignition effect along the filament. Our results pave the way toward robust and efficient ignition of lean-fuel engines by ultrashort-pulsed lasers.
A model for the fragmentation kinetics of crumpled thin sheets
Authors: Andrejevic Jovana , Lee Lisa M. , Rubinstein Shmuel M. , Rycroft Chris H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a confined thin sheet crumples, it spontaneously segments into flat facets delimited by a network of ridges. Despite the apparent disorder of this process, statistical properties of crumpled sheets exhibit striking reproducibility. Experiments have shown that the total crease length accrues logarithmically when repeatedly compacting and unfolding a sheet of paper. Here, we offer insight to this unexpected result by exploring the correspondence between crumpling and fragmentation processes. We identify a physical model for the evolution of facet area and ridge length distributions of crumpled sheets, and propose a mechanism for re-fragmentation driven by geometric frustration. This mechanism establishes a feedback loop in which the facet size distribution informs the subsequent rate of fragmentation under repeated confinement, thereby producing a new size distribution. We then demonstrate the capacity of this model to reproduce the characteristic logarithmic scaling of total crease length, thereby supplying a missing physical basis for the observed phenomenon.
Engineered yeast genomes accurately assembled from pure and mixed samples
Authors: Collins Joseph H. , Keating Kevin W. , Jones Trent R. , Balaji Shravani , Marsan Celeste B. , Çomo Marina , Newlon Zachary J. , Mitchell Tom , Bartley Bryan , Adler Aaron , Roehner Nicholas , Young Eric M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractYeast whole genome sequencing (WGS) lacks end-to-end workflows that identify genetic engineering. Here we present Prymetime, a tool that assembles yeast plasmids and chromosomes and annotates genetic engineering sequences. It is a hybrid workflow—it uses short and long reads as inputs to perform separate linear and circular assembly steps. This structure is necessary to accurately resolve genetic engineering sequences in plasmids and the genome. We show this by assembling diverse engineered yeasts, in some cases revealing unintended deletions and integrations. Furthermore, the resulting whole genomes are high quality, although the underlying assembly software does not consistently resolve highly repetitive genome features. Finally, we assemble plasmids and genome integrations from metagenomic sequencing, even with 1 engineered cell in 1000. This work is a blueprint for building WGS workflows and establishes WGS-based identification of yeast genetic engineering.
Deciphering the state of immune silence in fatal COVID-19 patients
Authors: Bost Pierre , De Sanctis Francesco , Canè Stefania , Ugel Stefano , Donadello Katia , Castellucci Monica , Eyal David , Fiore Alessandra , Anselmi Cristina , Barouni Roza Maria , Trovato Rosalinda , Caligola Simone , Lamolinara Alessia , Iezzi Manuela , Facciotti Federica , Mazzariol Annarita , Gibellini Davide , De Nardo Pasquale , Tacconelli Evelina , Gottin Leonardo , Polati Enrico , Schwikowski Benno , Amit Ido , Bronte Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, COVID-19 appeared as a unique disease with unconventional tissue and systemic immune features. Here we show a COVID-19 immune signature associated with severity by integrating single-cell RNA-seq analysis from blood samples and broncho-alveolar lavage fluids with clinical, immunological and functional ex vivo data. This signature is characterized by lung accumulation of naïve lymphoid cells associated with a systemic expansion and activation of myeloid cells. Myeloid-driven immune suppression is a hallmark of COVID-19 evolution, highlighting arginase-1 expression with immune regulatory features of monocytes. Monocyte-dependent and neutrophil-dependent immune suppression loss is associated with fatal clinical outcome in severe patients. Additionally, our analysis shows a lung CXCR6+ effector memory T cell subset is associated with better prognosis in patients with severe COVID-19. In summary, COVID-19-induced myeloid dysregulation and lymphoid impairment establish a condition of ‘immune silence’ in patients with critical COVID-19.
Higher-order mode supercontinuum generation in dispersion-engineered liquid-core fibers
Authors: Scheibinger Ramona , Lüpken Niklas M. , Chemnitz Mario , Schaarschmidt Kay , Kobelke Jens , Fallnich Carsten , Schmidt Markus A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSupercontinuum generation enabled a series of key technologies such as frequency comb sources, ultrashort pulse sources in the ultraviolet or the mid-infrared, as well as broadband light sources for spectroscopic methods in biophotonics. Recent advances utilizing higher-order modes have shown the potential to boost both bandwidth and modal output distribution of supercontinuum sources. However, the strive towards a breakthrough technology is hampered by the limited control over the intra- and intermodal nonlinear processes in the highly multi-modal silica fibers commonly used. Here, we investigate the ultrafast nonlinear dynamics of soliton-based supercontinuum generation and the associated mode coupling within the first three lowest-order modes of accurately dispersion-engineered liquid-core fibers. By measuring the energy-spectral evolutions and the spatial distributions of the various generated spectral features polarization-resolved, soliton fission and dispersive wave formation are identified as the origins of the nonlinear broadening. Measured results are confirmed by nonlinear simulations taking advantage of the accurate modeling capabilities of the ideal step-index geometry of our liquid-core platform. While operating in the telecommunications domain, our study allows further advances in nonlinear switching in emerging higher-order mode fiber networks as well as novel insights into the sophisticated nonlinear dynamics and broadband light generation in pre-selected polarization states.
Anisotropic ferroelectric distortion effects on the RKKY interaction in topological crystalline insulators
Authors: Cheraghchi Hosein , Yarmohammadi Mohsen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractManipulation of electronic and magnetic properties of topological materials is a topic of much interest in spintronic and valleytronic applications. Perturbation tuning of multiple Dirac cones on the (001) surface of topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) is also a related topic of growing interest. Here we show the numerical evidence for the ferroelectric structural distortion effects on the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction between two magnetic impurity moments on the SnTe (001) and related alloys. The mirror symmetry breaking between Dirac cones induced by the ferroelectric distortion could be divided into various possible configurations including the isotropically gapped, coexistence of gapless and gapped, and anisotropically gapped phases. Based on the retarded perturbed Green’s functions of the generalized gapped Dirac model, we numerically find the RKKY response for each phase. The distortion-induced symmetry breaking constitutes complex and interesting magnetic responses between magnetic moments compared to the pristine TCIs. In the specific case of coexisted gapless and gapped phases, a nontrivial behavior of the RKKY interaction is observed, which has not been seen in other Dirac materials up until now. For two impurities resided on the same sublattices, depending on the distortion strength, magnetic orders above of a critical impurity separation exhibit irregular ferromagnetic ⇔ antiferromagnetic phase transitions. However, independent of the impurity separation and distortion strength, no phase transition emerges for two impurities resided on different sublattices. This essential study sheds light on magnetic properties of Dirac materials with anisotropic mass terms and also makes TCIs applications relatively easy to understand.
Preliminary evidence of acylated ghrelin association with depression severity in postmenopausal women
Authors: Naufel Maria Fernanda , Pedroso Amanda Paula , Oyama Lila Missae , Telles Mônica Marques , Hachul Helena , Ribeiro Eliane Beraldi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have previously shown increased depression and anxiety scores in postmenopausal overweight women, when compared to overweight premenopausal women. The mechanisms responsible for these alterations are not understood. Although ghrelin involvement in mood modulation has been suggested, its role is still ambiguous and has not been evaluated in postmenopause. Here we investigated the association of ghrelin with depression and anxiety symptoms in postmenopausal women. Fifty-five postmenopausal women with depression symptoms, who were not in use of hormones or antidepressants, were included in the study. Depression symptoms were evaluated by Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Women were allocated into three groups, according to BDI classification of mild, moderate, or severe depression symptoms. Anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters were analyzed. Total and acylated ghrelin levels were higher in the severe depression than in the mild depression group. Multivariate regression analyses showed positive associations of BDI scores with acylated ghrelin and BMI, and of PHQ-9 scores with acylated ghrelin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). BAI scores associated positively with waist-to-hip ratio. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an association between acylated ghrelin and the severity of depression symptoms in postmenopausal women. This association may reflect either a physiological response aimed at fighting against depression symptoms or a causal factor of this mental disorder.
High-wearable EEG-based distraction detection in motor rehabilitation
Authors: Apicella Andrea , Arpaia Pasquale , Frosolone Mirco , Moccaldi Nicola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA method for EEG-based distraction detection during motor-rehabilitation tasks is proposed. A wireless cap guarantees very high wearability with dry electrodes and a low number of channels. Experimental validation is performed on a dataset from 17 volunteers. Different feature extractions from spatial, temporal, and frequency domain and classification strategies were evaluated. The performances of five supervised classifiers in discriminating between attention on pure movement and with distractors were compared. A k-Nearest Neighbors classifier achieved an accuracy of 92.8 ± 1.6%. In this last case, the feature extraction is based on a custom 12 pass-band Filter-Bank (FB) and the Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithm. In particular, the mean Recall of classification (percentage of true positive in distraction detection) is higher than 92% and allows the therapist or an automated system to know when to stimulate the patient’s attention for enhancing the therapy effectiveness.
Pennes’ bioheat equation vs. porous media approach in computer modeling of radiofrequency tumor ablation
Authors: Tucci Claudio , Trujillo Macarena , Berjano Enrique , Iasiello Marcello , Andreozzi Assunta , Vanoli Giuseppe Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare three different heat transfer models for radiofrequency ablation of in vivo liver tissue using a cooled electrode and three different voltage levels. The comparison was between the simplest but less realistic Pennes’ equation and two porous media-based models, i.e. the Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) equations and Local Thermal Equilibrium (LTE) equation, both modified to take into account two-phase water vaporization (tissue and blood). Different blood volume fractions in liver were considered and the blood velocity was modeled to simulate a vascular network. Governing equations with the appropriate boundary conditions were solved with Comsol Multiphysics finite-element code. The results in terms of coagulation transverse diameters and temperature distributions at the end of the application showed significant differences, especially between Pennes and the modified LTNE and LTE models. The new modified porous media-based models covered the ranges found in the few in vivo experimental studies in the literature and they were closer to the published results with similar in vivo protocol. The outcomes highlight the importance of considering the three models in the future in order to improve thermal ablation protocols and devices and adapt the model to different organs and patient profiles.