bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex genetic architecture of three‐dimensional craniofacial shape variation in domestic pigeons
Authors: Boer Elena F. , Maclary Emily T. , Shapiro Michael D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeciphering the genetic basis of vertebrate craniofacial variation is a longstanding biological problem with broad implications in evolution, development, and human pathology. One of the most stunning examples of craniofacial diversification is the adaptive radiation of birds, in which the beak serves essential roles in virtually every aspect of their life histories. The domestic pigeon (Columba livia) provides an exceptional opportunity to study the genetic underpinnings of craniofacial variation because of its unique balance of experimental accessibility and extraordinary phenotypic diversity within a single species. We used traditional and geometric morphometrics to quantify craniofacial variation in an F2 laboratory cross derived from the straight‐beaked Pomeranian Pouter and curved‐beak Scandaroon pigeon breeds. Using a combination of genome‐wide quantitative trait locus scans and multi‐locus modeling, we identified a set of genetic loci associated with complex shape variation in the craniofacial skeleton, including beak shape, braincase shape, and mandible shape. Some of these loci control coordinated changes between different structures, while others explain variation in the size and shape of specific skull and jaw regions. We find that in domestic pigeons, a complex blend of both independent and coupled genetic effects underlie three‐dimensional craniofacial morphology.
Promoting the European way of life: Migration and asylum in the EU
Authors: Guild Elspeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMigration and asylum elicit intense debate in the EU. The Commission's New Pact for Migration and Asylum 2020 sought to diffuse some of the divisive issues among Member States by proposing a series of measures, mainly directed at diminishing asylum arrivals. In this article I argue that there is a profound incoherence at the centre of this policy, which is its embrace of the nineteenth‐century theoretical framework of migration as driven by push and pull factors. While EU statistics provided by Frontex and Eurostat reveal that hundreds of millions of third‐country nationals are welcomed to the EU each year as tourists but also as students, workers, etc., and a few hundred thousand are treated as unwanted, EU policy is still dominated by a framing of people as pushed and pulled to the detriment of the host state rather than as an essential element of the European way of life.
Equine ovarian teratomas: Diagnostic challenges illustrated by case reports
Authors: Duarte L. , Allen W. R. (Twink) , Guimei M. , Lores M. , Wilsher S. 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Teratomas are the most common germ cell tumours to afflict the ovaries of the mare, even though they occur rarely. They are often found incidentally during routine ultrasonographic examinations of the mare’s ovaries and are usually asymptomatic. Their ultrasonographic appearance varies, but they commonly present with characteristic echogenicity signs. However, before a presumptive diagnosis of a teratoma can be made, the suspect ovary, along with the rest of the reproductive tract, should be examined ultrasonographically on several occasions to confirm that the unusual structure maintains its appearance as a teratoma. This paper discusses three confirmed cases of ovarian teratoma and two cases where the ultrasonographical appearance of an ovary, combined with clinical signs, initially suggested a teratoma, but was then ruled out when the ovary had a normal appearance at subsequent examinations.
Obergefell, Masterpiece Cakeshop, Fulton, and public–private partnerships: Unleashing v. harnessing “Armies of Compassion” 2.0?
Authors: McClain Linda C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFulton v. City of Philadelphia presented a by‐now familiar constitutional claim: recognizing civil marriage equality—the right of persons to marry regardless of gender—inevitably and sharply conflicts with the religious liberty of persons and religious institutions who sincerely believe that marriage is the union of one man and one woman. While the Supreme Court's 9‐0 unanimous judgment in favor of Catholic Social Services (CSS) surprised Court‐watchers, Chief Justice Roberts's opinion did not signal consensus on the Court over how best to resolve the evident conflicts raised by the contract between CSS and the City of Philadelphia. This article argues that it is productive and illuminating to compare such conflicts over public–private partnerships and the best understanding of pluralism in a constitutional democracy with controversies arising 20 years ago over the faith‐based initiative launched by President George W. Bush with the blueprint, Rallying the Armies of Compassion. That initiative also rested on premises about the place of religion in the public square and the role of civil society in carrying out governmental purposes. In both contexts, concerns over “discrimination” took two forms: first, that religious entities who contract with government might be subject to governmental discrimination in not receiving funding and, second, that religious entities who contract with government might themselves engage in discrimination. This article evaluates how the parties and their amici in Fulton argued over these forms of discrimination. It highlights how, in doing so, they enlisted or rejected analogies between race and sexual orientation discrimination—and between objections to interracial marriage and same‐sex marriage—that were powerful, pervasive, and contested in Obergefell v. Hodges and Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission but scarcely featured in Roberts' Fulton opinion.
Eyelash trichomegaly: a systematic review of acquired and congenital aetiologies of lengthened lashes
Authors: Hutchison D. M. , Duffens A. , Yale K. , Park A. , Cardenas K. , Mesinkovska N. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLong eyelashes have been popularized and many commercially available products exist to achieve eyelash growth as a desired cosmetic effect. Eyelash trichomegaly may be induced by medications, procedures, or be related to medical conditions; however, the exact mechanisms that govern eyelash growth are not well elucidated. This study aims to identify and summarize aetiologies associated with eyelash trichomegaly. We report a systematic review of 148 clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies, and case reports describing all evidence‐based potential aetiologies of eyelash trichomegaly obtained from the Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Library through January 2021. Inclusion criteria were defined as (i) human studies involving congenital and acquired diseases in which eyelash trichomegaly is a characteristic or (ii) assessment of trichomegaly as an adverse or desired effect of a medication or procedure. Exclusion criteria included: animal studies, articles not available in English, outcomes unrelated to eyelash trichomegaly, and secondary review articles. Pharmacologic agents associated with eyelash trichomegaly included prostaglandin analogues (15‐keto fluprostenol isopropyl ester, bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost), epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (cetuximab, erlotinib, and panitumumab), interferon‐alpha, and calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and cyclosporine). Surgical procedures of the eyelid, as well as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, HIV, ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), uveitis, and vernal keratoconjunctivitis were also associated with increased eyelash growth. Congenital disorders associated with lengthened eyelashes included Cantú syndrome, CHOPS syndrome, Coffin–Siris syndrome, congenital heart disease, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Costello syndrome, familial trichomegaly, Floating Harbor syndrome, Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, Kabuki–Makeup syndrome, KBG syndrome, Oliver–McFarlane syndrome, Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, and Smith–Magenis syndrome. While the most common cause of eyelash trichomegaly is topical bimatoprost use, better understanding of pathways implicated in eyelash trichomegaly may lead to the discovery of additional medications to stimulate eyelash growth and create avenues for future therapeutic interventions.
Development of novel deep multimodal representation learning‐based model for the differentiation of liver tumors on B‐mode ultrasound images
Authors: Sato Masaya , Kobayashi Tamaki , Soroida Yoko , Tanaka Takashi , Nakatsuka Takuma , Nakagawa Hayato , Nakamura Ayaka , Kurihara Makiko , Endo Momoe , Hikita Hiromi , Sato Mamiko , Gotoh Hiroaki , Iwai Tomomi , Tateishi Ryosuke , Koike Kazuhiko , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimRecently, multimodal representation learning for images and other information such as numbers or language has gained much attention. The aim of the current study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of deep multimodal representation model‐based integration of tumor image, patient background, and blood biomarkers for the differentiation of liver tumors observed using B‐mode ultrasonography (US).MethodFirst, we applied supervised learning with a convolutional neural network (CNN) to 972 liver nodules in the training and development sets to develop a predictive model using segmented B‐mode tumor images. Additionally, we also applied a deep multimodal representation model to integrate information about patient background or blood biomarkers to B‐mode images. We then investigated the performance of the models in an independent test set of 108 liver nodules.ResultsUsing only the segmented B‐mode images, the diagnostic accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) values were 68.52% and 0.721, respectively. As the information about patient background and blood biomarkers was integrated, the diagnostic performance increased in a stepwise manner. The diagnostic accuracy and AUC value of the multimodal DL model (which integrated B‐mode tumor image, patient age, sex, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, platelet count, and albumin data) reached 96.30% and 0.994, respectively.ConclusionIntegration of patient background and blood biomarkers in addition to US image using multimodal representation learning outperformed the CNN model using US images. We expect that the deep multimodal representation model could be a feasible and acceptable tool for the definitive diagnosis of liver tumors using B‐mode US.
Doing research with intellectually disabled participants: reflections on the challenges of capacity and consent in socio‐legal research
Authors: HARDING ROSIE 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, I reflect on the praxis of doing qualitative interview research involving intellectually disabled people as participants. I explore the ways in which ethical and legal norms work together to shape what is possible in research with intellectually disabled participants. I use stories from the field to explore issues of recruitment and sampling, working with ‘gatekeeper’ organizations, accessible information and informed consent, and data sharing and open access. As these reflections demonstrate, undertaking fieldwork involving intellectually disabled participants presents multiple challenges for socio‐legal researchers. They also show that many of the challenges are surmountable, offering concerns, considerations, and solutions that can, and perhaps should, be considered by all socio‐legal researchers who wish to ensure that all of the voices of society are included and reflected in their research.
What teachers know about teaching reading to students with developmental disabilities: A survey of special educators
Authors: Conner Carlin , G. Jones Francesca , Ahlgrim‐Delzell Lynn , Walte Samantha , H. Allor Jill 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the fact that there is a growing body of knowledge about how to effectively teach reading to students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), little is known about how teachers of these students are being trained in early literacy skills and implementing these practices in the classroom. As knowledge of the capacity of these student's ability to read grows, we need to know whether teachers' beliefs about their potential reading ability are changing as well. Teacher members of the Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities, a subdivision of Council for Exceptional Children, were sent a survey that asked questions regarding training, instruction practices, and beliefs around literacy instruction. Results indicated teachers are receiving training in literacy instruction that is not always consistent with what they are implementing in the classroom. Additional results, implications, and recommendations are provided.
Surgical management of superficial digital flexor tendon luxation in dogs: 48 cases (2005‐2020)
Authors: Goh D. , House A. , Moores A. P. , Renwick A. , Franklin C. , Kulendra E. , Polak S. , Pink J. , Triglia M. , Neville‐Towle J. , Hamilton M. , Sajik D. , Pfeiffer C. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo report the outcome, frequency of complications and potential prognostic factors associated with surgical repair of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) luxation in dogs.Materials and MethodsMedical records from 10 referral hospitals were reviewed retrospectively for cases of SDFT luxation in dogs that underwent surgical stabilisation. Signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, surgical method, type and length of post‐operative limb immobilisation, nature of and length of exercise restriction, presence of post‐operative complications and outcomes were recorded. Data were summarised descriptively and prognostic risk factors assessed for association with surgical outcome using risk ratios.ResultsForty‐eight cases were included. A successful surgical outcome was recorded in 35 of 48 (73%) cases.Re‐luxation of the SDFT occurred in seven of 48 (15%). Six out of 48 (13%) had a persistent lameness despite a stable non‐luxating SDFT. A high frequency of post‐operative complications occurred (71%), with the majority resolved medically. The risk of surgical failure was 60% higher (risk ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.4) where absorbable suture material was used compared to non‐absorbable suture material. Surgical failure was more common in cases managed with non‐rigid immobilisation post‐operatively (57% failure) compared to cases managed with rigid immobilisation (19% failure), although this result was not statistically significant. Limb immobilisation of 6 weeks or longer did not significantly affect surgical outcome, compared to shorter periods of exercise restriction or limb immobilisation.Clinical SignificanceA good outcome can be expected following surgical stabilisation of SDFT luxation. The use of non‐absorbable suture was associated with a more successful surgical outcome.
A young age of formation of Rheasilvia basin on Vesta from floor deformation patterns and crater counts
Authors: Schenk Paul M. , Neesemann Alicia , Marchi Simone , Otto Katharina , Hoogenboom Trudi , O’Brien David P. , Castillo‐Rogez Julie , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDelivery of significant volumes of howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) meteorites from Vesta to Earth is linked to the largest impact events on that protoplanet, especially the giant Rheasilvia basin. Dawn mapping of Rheasilvia reveals a well‐preserved impact structure with extensive deformation patterns and moderate superposed cratering. Spiral and radial deformation features across the floor of Rheasilvia are also common to complex craters on Ceres and icy satellites, as well as larger bodies like the Moon, Mars, and Mercury, when floor units are not buried by impact melt and debris. These deformation features predate the solidification of such melt/debris mixtures and are important structural elements in complex craters related to failure in converging floor material during late stages of crater formation. The similarity and commonality of such features and lack of preserved ancient units within Rheasilvia indicate that these patterns formed during the latter stages of the impact event and that the original basin floor and subsequent cratering record are preserved. Updated counts and interpretation of this observed superposed cratering indicate an ~0.8–0.9 Ga age of basin formation, supporting a young impact and ejection age. This young age is consistent with recent Ar‐Ar ages of feldspar grains in HED (Lindsay et al., 2015), and it may also be consistent with ancient bulk Ar‐Ar ages (>~3.2 Ga) for some HEDs because resetting such ages requires prolonged heating from the residual impact heating of rocks left on Vesta during earlier impacts. The complex morphology and recent formation of Rheasilvia basin are also consistent with dynamical estimates for delivery of these meteorites to the Earth–Moon system.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing predicts motility networks in purified human gastric interstitial cells of Cajal
Authors: Foong Daphne , Liyanage Liwan , Zhou Jerry , Zarrouk Ali , Ho Vincent , O’Connor Michael D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders affect millions of people worldwide, yet they remain poorly treated in part due to insufficient knowledge of the molecular networks controlling GI motility. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are critical GI pacemaker cells, and abnormalities in ICC are implicated in GI motility disorders. Two cell surface proteins, KIT and ANO1, are used for identifying ICC. However, difficulties accessing human tissue and the low frequency of ICC in GI tissues have meant human ICC are insufficiently characterized. Here, a range of characterization assays including single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed using KIT+CD45−CD11B− primary human gastric ICC to better understand networks controlling human ICC biology.MethodsExcess sleeve gastrectomy tissues were dissected; ICC were analyzed by immunofluorescence, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACSorting), real‐time PCR, mass spectrometry, and scRNA‐seq.Key ResultsImmunofluorescence identified ANO1+/KIT+ cells throughout the gastric muscle. Compared to the FACSorted negative cells, PCR showed the KIT+CD45−CD11B− ICC were enriched 28‐fold in ANO1 expression (p < 0.01). scRNA‐seq analysis of the KIT−CD45+CD11B+ and KIT+CD45−CD11B− ICC revealed separate clusters of immune cells and ICC (respectively); cells in the ICC cluster expressed critical GI motility genes (eg, CAV1 and PRKG1). The scRNA‐seq data for these two cell clusters predicted protein interaction networks consistent with immune cell and ICC biology, respectively.Conclusions & InferencesThe single‐cell transcriptome of purified KIT+CD45−CD11B− human gastric ICC presented here provides new molecular insights and hypotheses into evolving models of GI motility. This knowledge will provide an improved framework to investigate targeted therapies for GI motility disorders.
17q12‐21 risk‐variants influence cord blood immune regulation and multitrigger‐wheeze
Authors: Laubhahn Kristina , Böck Andreas , Zeber Kathrin , Unterschemmann Sandra , Kunze Sonja , Schedel Michaela , Schaub Bianca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildhood wheeze represents a first symptom of asthma. Early identification of children at risk for wheeze related to 17q12‐21 variants and their underlying immunological mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to assess the influence of 17q12‐21 variants and mRNA expression at birth on the development of wheeze.MethodsChildren were classified as multitrigger/viral/no wheeze until six years of age. The PAULINA/PAULCHEN birth cohorts were genotyped (n = 216; GSA‐chip). mRNA expression of 17q21 and innate/adaptive genes was measured (qRT‐PCR) in cord blood mononuclear cells. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and mediation analyses were performed. Genetic variation of 17q12‐21 asthma‐single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was summarized as the first principal component (PC1) and used to classify single SNP effects on gene expression as (locus)‐dependent/independent eQTL SNPs.ResultsCore region risk variants (IKZF3, ZPBP2, GSDMB, ORMDL3) were associated with multitrigger wheeze (OR: 3.05–5.43) and were locus‐dependent eQTL SNPs with higher GSDMA, TLR2, TLR5, and lower TGFB1 expression. Increased risk of multitrigger wheeze with rs9303277 was in part mediated by TLR2 expression. Risk variants distal to the core region were mainly locus‐independent eQTL SNPs with decreased CD209, CD86, TRAF6, RORA, and IL‐9 expression. Distinct immune signatures in cord blood were associated either with multitrigger wheeze (increased innate genes, e.g., TLR2, IPS1, LY75) or viral wheeze (decreased NF‐κB genes, e.g., TNFAIP3 and TNIP2).ConclusionLocus‐dependent eQTL SNPs (core region) associated with increased inflammatory genes (primarily TLR2) at birth and subsequent multitrigger wheeze indicate that early priming and imbalance may be crucial for asthma pathophysiology. Locus‐independent eQTL SNPs (mainly distal region, rs1007654) may be involved in the initiation of dendritic cell activation/maturation (TRAF6) and interaction with T cells (CD209, CD86). Identifying potential mechanistic pathways at birth may point to critical key points during early immune development predisposing to asthma.
Benefits of aquatic exercise in adults with and without chronic disease—A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Faíl Luís B. , Marinho Daniel A. , Marques Elisa A. , Costa Mário J. , Santos Catarina C. , Marques Mário C. , Izquierdo Mikel , Neiva Henrique P. 
Published: December 2021

Aquatic exercise is being increasingly recommended for healthy individuals as well as people with some special health conditions. A systematic review with meta‐analysis was performed to synthesize and analyze data on the effects of water‐based training (WT) programs on health status and physical fitness of healthy adults and adults with diseases to develop useful recommendations for health and sports professionals. We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) up to June 2021 for randomized trials that examined WT in adults. A total of 62 studies were included, of which 26 involved only healthy individuals and 36 focused on adults with chronic diseases. In the healthy group, the effects of WT on strength, balance, and cardiorespiratory fitness were beneficial, indicating the usefulness of performing WT for at least 12 weeks (2–3x/week, 46–65 min/session). Among adults with diseases, improvements were observed in patients with fibromyalgia (in balance and cardiorespiratory fitness), bone diseases (pain, balance, flexibility, and strength), coronary artery disease (strength and anthropometry), hypertension (quality of life), stroke (quality of life), diabetes (balance and quality of life), multiple sclerosis (quality of life and balance), and Parkinson's disease (pain, gait, cardiorespiratory fitness, and quality of life). Research is required to determine the effects of WT on patients with heart disease, especially coronary artery disease. In adults with chronic disease, benefits in physical fitness and/or other health‐related measures were mainly observed after 8–16 weeks of training. WT is an effective physical activity when the intention is to enhance health and physical fitness in healthy adults and adults with chronic diseases.