bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of enriched yoghurt on the antioxidant activities of rats poisoned with cadmium salts
Authors: Nadirova Sanam , Sinyavskiy Yuriy , Abdreshov Serik , Deripaskina Yevgeniya , Torgautov Ashat 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Evaluation of the effect of yoghurts enriched with a complex of vegetable additives on the state of the antioxidant defense system, the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in rats exposed to toxic seeds with cadmium chloride. The purpose of this paper is evaluation of the effect of yoghurts enriched with a complex of vegetable additives on the state of the antioxidant defense system, the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in rats exposed to toxic cadmium chloride.

Design/methodology/approach
The studies were carried out on 72 male rats (Wistar), divided into six groups (n = 12): control, model of cadmium intoxication and receiving the developed dairy product, enriched with appropriate biologically active supplements (rosehip, rowan and hawthorn berries syrup and grape peel extract [rich in resveratrol]). Biochemical parameters of blood, homogenates of the liver and kidneys were analyzed.

Findings
The intensity of lipid peroxidation processes (in the liver, kidneys and erythrocytes) decreased in the group receiving dairy products enriched with berry syrups and grape peel extract (rich in resveratrol). The activity of catalase, total antioxidant activity and superoxide dismutase increased. In the groups receiving dairy products enriched with berry syrups, the total protein level in the blood increased, compared with Group 2. The content of triglycerides and cholesterol levels in groups receiving dairy products decreased significantly compared to animals intoxicated with cadmium chloride.

Originality/value
The topic of cadmium’s toxic effects on human and animal health and methods for solving this problem is very relevant.
Harnessing the power of multi‐omics data for predicting climate change response
Authors: Layton Kara K. S. , Bradbury Ian R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Predicting how species will respond to future climate change is of central importance in the midst of the global biodiversity crisis, and recent work has demonstrated the utility of population genomics for improving these predictions.

Here, we suggest a broadening of the approach to include other types of genomic variants that play an important role in adaptation, like structural (e.g. copy number variants) and epigenetic variants (e.g. DNA methylation). These data could provide additional power for forecasting response, especially in weakly structured or panmictic species.

Incorporating structural and epigenetic variation into estimates of climate change vulnerability, or maladaptation, may not only improve prediction power but also provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning species' response to climate change.
Genetic characterisation of childhood B‐other‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in UK patients by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification
Authors: Schwab Claire J. , Murdy Daniel , Butler Ellie , Enshaei Amir , Winterman Emily , Cranston Ruth E. , Ryan Sarra , Barretta Emilio , Hawking Zoe , Murray James , Antony Grace , Vora Ajay , Moorman Anthony V. , Harrison Christine J. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryWhile next‐generation sequencing technologies provide excellent strategies to screen for newly defined genetic abnormalities of prognostic or therapeutic significance in patients with B‐other‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), they are not widely available. We used a dual screening approach, incorporating fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA), to establish the frequency and long‐term outcome of a representative cohort of specific subgroups of B‐other‐ALL recruited to the childhood ALL trial, UKALL2003. We focussed on abnormalities of known prognostic significance, including ABL‐class fusions and ERG deletions, as a surrogate marker for DUX4‐rearranged ALL. ABL‐class fusions accounted for ~4% of B‐other‐ALL and were associated with high levels of minimal residual disease (MRD; 14/23 with MRD >5%) and a high relapse rate (55·7%) following treatment without tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), confirming the importance of prospective screening with a view to incorporating TKI into therapy. Patients with deletions of ERG (~10% of B‐other‐ALL) had a 10‐year event‐free‐survival of 97·2%, validating previous reports of their excellent outcome. Rearrangements of ZNF384, MEF2D and NUTM1 were observed at low frequencies. Here, we estimate that approximately one third of B‐other‐ALL patients can be reliably classified into one of the known genetic subgroups using our dual screening method. This approach is rapid, accurate and readily incorporated into routine testing.
The importance of addressing multiple risk markers in type 2 diabetes: Results from the LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 trials
Authors: Zobel Emilie H. , von Scholten Bernt Johan , Hansen Tine W. , Persson Frederik , Rasmussen Søren , Wolthers Benjamin , Rossing Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate to what extent multiple risk marker improvements confer lower risk of cardiovascular and kidney complications in a contemporary type 2 diabetes population.Materials and methodsPost‐hoc analysis of the LEADER (n = 8638; median follow‐up 3.8 years) and SUSTAIN 6 (n = 3040; median follow‐up 2.1 years) cardiovascular outcome trials. Participants were those with baseline and year‐1 assessment of at least one of the parameters of interest; we pooled the liraglutide‐/semaglutide‐ and placebo‐treated groups and categorized them by number of risk markers with clinically relevant improvements after 1 year of study participation. We investigated risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), expanded MACE, cardiovascular death and nephropathy. Predefined clinically relevant changes: body weight loss ≥5%; reductions in: glycated haemoglobin ≥1%, systolic blood pressure ≥5 mmHg and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥0.5 mmol/L; estimated glomerular filtration rate change ≥0 ml/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio change ≥30% of baseline value. Cox regression analysed risk of outcomes adjusted for baseline risk marker levels and treatment group and stratified by trial.ResultsParticipants with two, three, or four or more improved risk markers versus participants with no risk marker improvement had reduced risk of expanded MACE [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.80 (0.67‐0.96); 0.80 (0.66‐0.97); 0.82 (0.66‐1.02)], cardiovascular death [0.66 (0.45‐0.96), 0.67 (0.45‐0.99), 0.60 (0.38‐0.94)] and nephropathy [0.71 (0.52‐0.97), 0.48 (0.34‐0.68), 0.43 (0.29‐0.65)].ConclusionsIn persons with type 2 diabetes, improvements in ≥2 risk markers conferred cardiovascular risk reduction versus none or one improved risk marker. The nephropathy risk decreased with improvement in more risk markers. These findings stress the importance of multifactorial interventions targeting all risk markers.
Patterns of insulin therapy and insulin daily doses in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Germany
Authors: van den Boom Louisa , Kostev Karel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the different insulin therapy patterns and insulin daily doses in children and adolescents (aged 1‐17 years) with type 1 diabetes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study based on the longitudinal prescription (LRx) database (IQVIA) included children and adolescents who received at least two insulin prescriptions of the same drug from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. The study outcomes included the proportion of patients with insulin pumps and multiple daily injection therapy, human insulin and insulin analogue use, as well as insulin daily doses. A multivariable linear regression model was used to study the association between age, sex, insulin drugs, and daily dose.ResultsA total of 22 512 children and adolescents (mean age: 13.5 years, 47.1% female) were included. The proportion of patients using insulin pump therapy decreased with age, from 72.6% (females) and 73.0% (males) in the age group of younger than 6 years to 30.8% (females) and 26.1% (males) in adolescents. Insulin aspart was the most common short‐acting insulin, with the proportion of users increasing from 56% in the age group of younger than 6 years to 69%‐70% in the 13‐17 years age group. The daily dose of insulin pump therapy was 10 units lower than multiple daily injection (MDI) (P < .001).ConclusionWe found a marked age dependency for pump use, with a strong increase observed in the youngest age group. Insulin aspart was the most frequently used analogue insulin. A higher total daily insulin dose was shown in patients on MDI versus insulin pump, along with a significant age dependency.
The way it makes us feel: The subsumption model of the Kantian judgement of taste
Authors: Berger Larissa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn his theory of beauty, Kant introduces the free and harmonious play of the faculties as a kind of judging. This judging should precede the pleasure in the beautiful. But being the determining ground of the judgement of taste, the pleasure should precede the judgement. Regarding this problem, two opposing models have been proposed: Paul Guyer's ‘two‐acts model’ and Hannah Ginsborg's ‘one‐act model’. I propose a third model that, I argue, resolves the difficulty and does not fall prey to the problems of the other two resolutions: the ‘subsumption model’, according to which the pleasure is followed by a subsumption under the concept ‘beautiful’.
Dihydromyricetin resists inflammation‐induced muscle atrophy via ryanodine receptor‐CaMKK‐AMPK signal pathway
Authors: Hou Lianjie , Jiang Fangyi , Huang Bo , Zheng Weijie , Jiang Yufei , Cai Gengyuan , Liu Dewu , Hu Ching Yuan , Wang Chong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of physical and metabolic health. Skeletal muscle atrophy usually results in physical disability, inferior quality of life and higher health care costs. The higher incidence of muscle atrophy in obese and ageing groups is due to increased levels of inflammatory factors during obesity and ageing. Dihydromyricetin, as a bioactive polyphenol, has been used for anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumour and improving insulin sensitivity. However, there are no published reports demonstrated the dihydromyricetin effect on inflammation‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we first confirmed the role of dihydromyricetin in inflammation‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy by activating Ca2+‐CaMKK‐AMPK through signal pathway blockers, Ca2+ probes and immunofluorescence. Finally, we clarified that dihydromyricetin activated Ca2+‐CaMKK‐AMPK signalling pathway through interaction with the ryanodine receptor, its target protein, by drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS). Our results not only demonstrated that dihydromyricetin resisted inflammation‐induced muscle atrophy via the ryanodine receptor‐CaMKK‐AMPK signal pathway but also discovered that the target protein of dihydromyricetin is the ryanodine receptor. Our results provided experimental data for the development of dihydromyricetin as a functional food and new therapeutic strategies for treating or preventing skeletal muscle atrophy.
Genetic structure of the protist Physarum albescens (Amoebozoa) revealed by multiple markers and genotyping by sequencing
Authors: Shchepin Oleg , Novozhilov Yuri , Woyzichovski Jan , Bog Manuela , Prikhodko Ilya , Fedorova Nadezhda , Gmoshinskiy Vladimir , Borg Dahl Mathilde , Dagamac Nikki H. A. , Yajima Yuka , Schnittler Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyxomycetes are terrestrial protists with many presumably cosmopolitan species dispersing via airborne spores. A truly cosmopolitan species would suffer from outbreeding depression hampering local adaptation, while locally adapted species with limited distribution would be at a higher risk of extinction in changing environments. Here, we investigate intraspecific genetic diversity and phylogeography of Physarum albescens over the entire Northern Hemisphere. We sequenced 324 field collections of fruit bodies for 1–3 genetic markers (SSU, EF1A, COI) and analysed 98 specimens with genotyping by sequencing. The structure of the three‐gene phylogeny, SNP‐based phylogeny, phylogenetic networks, and the observed recombination pattern of three independently inherited gene markers can be best explained by the presence of at least 18 reproductively isolated groups, which can be seen as cryptic species. In all intensively sampled regions and in many localities, members of several phylogroups coexisted. Some phylogroups were found to be abundant in only one region and completely absent in other well‐studied regions, and thus may represent regional endemics. Our results demonstrate that the widely distributed myxomycete species Ph. albescens represents a complex of at least 18 cryptic species, and some of these seem to have a limited geographical distribution. In addition, the presence of groups of presumably clonal specimens suggests that sexual and asexual reproduction coexist in natural populations of myxomycetes.
How does early symptom change predict subsequent course of depressive symptoms during psychotherapy?
Authors: Fuhr Kristina , Werle Dustin , Batra Anil 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesPrevious studies reported about the influence of early changes on treatment response. However, the question of whether early changes can predict the subsequent course of depressive symptoms during treatment with psychotherapy has not yet been clearly answered. We aimed to investigate whether symptom course in the first weeks at the level of individual session can predict the further symptom progression on a session to session level during psychotherapy treatment in patients with Major Depression (MD).DesignMonocentric randomized controlled trial with psychotherapeutic treatment either with cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) or hypnotherapy (HT). The longitudinal course of weekly depressive symptoms during the six months treatment period was examined.MethodsIn this RCT with 152 randomized patients suffering from current mild‐to‐moderate MD, depressive symptoms were assessed on a weekly basis during the 20 sessions’ treatment with individual psychotherapy. We only included patients for which sufficient data for our analysis were available. Three different linear and quadratic mixed model analyses with random effects for each patient were tested: Early change was defined as the individual percentage symptom change during the first two, three, four and five weeks. Symptoms from session four, five, six and seven onward were predicted using different models, with early change added to the model in a final step. Calculating all models separately for CBT and HT lead to comparable results.ResultA slow symptom decrease after session four, five, six, seven onward to the end of the treatment was found. However, adding early change to the model, had no effect on the further symptom course in all models.ConclusionSymptom changes at early stages of psychotherapy should not be considered as being predictive for further symptom course.Practitioner points

The individual early symptom change in a treatment with psychotherapy in the first two, three, four, or five weeks of treatment does not predict the subsequent symptom course from session four, five, six, or seven onward at a session to session level.

Symptom changes at early stages of psychotherapy should not be considered as being predictive for further symptom course.

We found a symptom reduction ranging from 3% to 16% in the first two, three, four, or five weeks.

Treatment response between the first and last therapy session was found in 54.5%, the number of remitted patients (with PHQ‐9 scores < 5) was 44.7%.

A small symptom improvement of between 0.21 and 0.42 points in the PHQ‐9 scores per week in later stages of psychotherapy is likely in all patients (with and without early symptom improvement).
Ketone Incorporation Extends the Emission Properties of the Xanthene Scaffold Beyond 1000 nm†
Authors: Daly Harrison C. , Matikonda Siddharth S. , Steffens Helena C. , Ruehle Bastian , Resch‐Genger Ute , Ivanic Joseph , Schnermann Martin J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImaging in the shortwave‐infrared region (SWIR, λ = 1000–2500 nm) has the potential to enable deep tissue imaging with high resolution. Critical to the development of these methods is the identification of low molecular weight, biologically compatible fluorescent probes that emit beyond 1000 nm. Exchanging the bridging oxygen atom on the xanthene scaffold (C10’ position) with electron withdrawing groups has been shown to lead to significant redshifts in absorbance and emission. Guided by quantum chemistry computational modeling studies, we investigated the installation of a ketone bridge at the C10’ position. This simple modification extends the absorbance maxima to 860 nm and the emission beyond 1000 nm, albeit with reduced photon output. Overall, these studies demonstrate that broadly applied xanthene dyes can be extended into the SWIR range.
Are the Folk Functionalists About Time?
Authors: Latham Andrew J. , Miller Kristie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article empirically investigates the contention that the folk concept of time is a functional concept: a concept according to which time is whatever plays a certain functional role or roles. This hypothesis could explain why, in previous research, surprisingly large percentages of participants judge that there is time at worlds that contain no one‐dimensional substructure of ordered instants. If it seems to participants that even in those worlds the relevant functional role is played, then this could explain why they judge that there is time in those worlds. While our experiment supported the finding that participants are reticent to judge that there is actually no time, we found no evidence that this is because they deploy a functionalist concept, at least of the kind proposed in recent research. Our findings are, however, consistent with the folk deploying a much more minimal functionalist concept according to which time is just whatever it is—regardless of its nature—that plays the role of grounding our temporal phenomenology.
Ageing reduces skin wetness sensitivity across the body
Authors: Wildgoose Charlotte , Valenza Alessandro , Buoite Stella Alex , Feka Kaltrina , Bianco Antonino , Filingeri Davide 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Ageing impairs the skin's thermal and tactile sensitivity: does ageing also induce loss of skin wetness sensitivity?
What is the main finding and its importance?Older adults show an average 15% loss of skin wetness sensitivity, with this sensory deficit being mediated by a combination of reductions in skin's tactile sensing and hydration status. These findings increase knowledge of wetness sensing mechanisms across the lifespan.
AbstractHumans use sensory integration mechanisms to sense skin wetness based on thermal and mechanical cues. Ageing impairs the skin's thermal and tactile sensitivity, yet we lack evidence on whether wetness sensing also changes with ageing. We mapped local skin wetness and temperature sensitivity in response to cold‐, neutral‐ and warm‐wet stimuli applied to the forehead, neck, lower back, dorsal foot, index finger and thumb, in 10 Younger (22.4 ± 1.1 years) and 10 Older (58.2 ± 5.1 years) males. We measured local skin temperature and conductance (i.e., a marker of hydration status) at the tested sites, to establish the role of skin's thermal and mechanical parameters in ageing‐induced changes in wetness sensing. Irrespective of body site, Older reported overall lower wetness perceptions than Younger across all wet‐stimulus temperatures (mean difference: −14.6 mm; 95% CI: −4.3, −24.9; P = 0.008; ∼15% difference). When considering regional wetness sensitivity, the effect of ageing was more pronounced in response to the cold‐wet stimulus over the lover back (mean difference Older vs. Younger: −36.8 mm; 95% CI: −68.4, −5.2; P = 0.014; ∼37% difference) and dorsal foot (mean difference: −37.1 mm; 95% CI: −68.7, −5.5; P = 0.013; ∼37% difference). We found no differences between age groups on overall thermal sensations (P = 0.744) nor local skin temperature (P = 0.372); however, we found that Older presented overall lower skin conductance than Younger (mean difference: −1.56 μS; 95% CI: −0.49, −2.62; P = 0.005), which corresponded to an ∼78% reduction in skin hydration. We conclude that skin wetness sensing decreases with ageing primarily due to age‐induced changes in skin mechanics and tactile sensitivity.
Case Study: Energy Availability and Endocrine Markers in Elite Male Track Cyclists
Authors: Schofield Katherine L. , Thorpe Holly , Sims Stacy T. 
Published: October 2021

Aim: To highlight energy availability status, resting metabolic rate measures, dietary protein intake, and testosterone concentration in 4 elite male track cycling athletes (mean [SD]: age: 20.8 [1.5] y, body mass: 76.3 [3.6] kg, height: 181.8 [2.9] cm). Method: A cross-sectional observation included measures of energy availability (energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure, divided by fat-free mass), resting metabolic rate from indirect calorimetry, dietary protein intake from food records, blood analysis to assess sex hormone status, and performance markers. Results: Midrange testosterone (16.9–19.8 nmol/L), lowered resting metabolic rate ratio (0.76–0.98), varied luteinizing hormone (4–10 U/L), and suboptimal energy availability (26–41 kcal/kg fat-free mass/d, range) were observed in the male track cyclists. Protein intakes ranged from 2.0 g to 2.8 g protein/kg/d. Conclusion: The current cohort may have within-day energy deficiency, putting them in a catabolic state.
A Critique of National Physical Activity Policy in Oman Using 3 Established Policy Frameworks
Authors: Al Siyabi Huda , Mabry Ruth M. , Al Siyabi Amal , Milton Karen 
Published: October 2021

Background: This paper aimed to assess the development process, content, and early implementation of Oman’s national physical activity plan of action to identify strengths and areas for improvement. Methods: Data were extracted from 4 documents: national noncommunicable diseases policy, physical activity plan of action, and 2 World Health Organization Mission Reports. Three policy frameworks and approaches (physical activity content analysis grid, health-enhancing physical activity policy audit tool, and policy cube approach for diet-related noncommunicable diseases) were used. Results: The findings demonstrated that policymakers engaged a broad range of sectors in developing a national plan. It aligned with many of the elements from the 3 policy frameworks (ie, multisectoral approach, political commitment/leadership, identification of national goals and targets, time frame for implementation). The main gaps included the lack of a specified sustainable funding mechanism, systems for monitoring progress, and an emphasis on general interventions, with limited focus on specific target groups. Conclusion: A range of sectors were engaged in the development of Oman’s national physical activity plan of action, with strong political commitment and using global guidance and local evidence. Establishing a strong accountability framework, including a clear financing mechanism, is critical for Oman to meet its target for a 10% relative reduction in physical inactivity by 2025.