bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Gymnasts: An Analysis of Return to Competition Rates and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Rao Somnath , Jack Robert , Willier Donald , Cohen Steven , Dodson Christopher , Ciccotti Michael , D’Amore Taylor 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: While results following ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury in baseball players has been well documented, results following UCL injury in gymnasts are not well documented. As such, the purpose of this study was to report the operative and non-operative outcomes of UCL injury in gymnasts. Methods: Gymnasts who underwent UCL injury treatment whether non-operative or operative at a single institution were evaluated at a minimum of 2 years post-operatively. Patients were assessed with Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Andrews-Timmerman (A-T) Elbow score, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (qDASH) score and a custom return to play survey. Results: There were 11 patients who met inclusion criteria and complete follow-up was available in 9 patients. Overall, 6 patients were treated operatively (4 UCL reconstructions (UCLR) and 2 UCL repairs) and 3 patients were treated non-operatively. One UCLR was performed after 2 months of failed non-operative management. All patients were female with a mean age of 16.1 (range, 12-20) and mean BMI of 24.46 (range 19.2-34.1) at time of surgery or initial visit. Average follow-up was 4.04 years. Overall, 66.7% of operative versus 100% of non-operative were able to RTP at an average of 7.5 and 7 months, respectively. One re-injury was reported in the non-operative group, which was a re-dislocation of the elbow unrelated to gymnastics and was ultimately treated non-operatively. The mean KJOC, MEPS, A-T and qDASH scores for the operative group were 70.0 (range, 48.5-89), 97.5 (range, 95-100), 90.8 (range, 75-100) and 24.6 (range, 22.7-29.5), respectively. The mean scores for the non-operative group were 75.9 (range, 61-91.2), 71.7 (range, 65-75), 71.7 (range, 55-80) and 34.1 (range, 22.7-40.9), respectively. Conclusions: Both operative and non-operative treatments can be offered as successful treatment options for UCL injuries in gymnasts. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal management of UCL injuries in gymnasts.
Investigating the Chronology of Meniscus Root Tears: Do Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears Cause Extrusion or the Other Way Around?
Authors: LaPrade Matthew , Hevesi Mario , Wilbur Ryan , Song Bryant , Rhodes Nicholas , Johnson Adam , Camp Christopher , Stuart Michael , Krych Aaron 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Meniscus root tears are increasingly being recognized. Meniscus extrusion has previously been associated with medial root tears; however, the relationship between secondary meniscus restraints, such as the meniscotibial (MT) ligament, extrusion, and root tears has yet to be formally evaluated. The purpose of this study was to better understand the association between MT ligament competence, medial meniscus extrusion, and medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRT), as well as to determine the progression of meniscus extrusion over time. Methods: Serial MRI’s from our institution were reviewed for patients who showed evidence of medial meniscus extrusion and MMPRT on at least one of 2+ available MRI’s. All patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. All MRI’s were analyzed independently by two board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists. MT ligament disruption, medial meniscus extrusion, and MMPRT presence was recorded for each MRI. The time between MRI’s, presence of insufficiency fractures, and Outerbridge classification for the medial femur and tibia were also evaluated. Results: 27 knees in 26 patients were included in this study, with a total of 63 MRI’s analyzed (21 knees with 2 MRI’s, 3 with 3 MRI’s, and 3 with 4 MRI’s). All patients demonstrated clear medial meniscus extrusion and meniscotibial ligament disruption prior to the subsequent development of MMPRTs (p < 0.001). Mean extrusion at the time of initial MRI was 3.3 ± 1.1 mm, and increased significantly to 5.5 ± 1.8 mm at the time of first imaging with an identified MMPRT (p < 0.001). The average time between initial MRI and the first identification of MMPRT on a later MRI was 1.7 ± 1.6 years. Conclusions: In a sample of 27 symptomatic knees with serial MRI’s both before and after MMPRT diagnosis, all patients demonstrated MT ligament disruption and associated meniscus extrusion prior to the development of subsequent medial meniscus root tears. These findings suggest that MT ligament disruption and medial meniscus extrusion represent early and predisposing events contributing to MMPRT. Therefore, this provides a possible explanation of why meniscus extrusion is not corrected with medial meniscus root repair.
Survivorship and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Arner Justin , Elrick Bryant , Nolte Philip , Horan Marilee , Millett Peter , Haber Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) remains a common cause of shoulder pain, loss of shoulder range of motion, and upper extremity dysfunction. Few long-term outcome studies exist evaluating glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) treatment with arthroscopic management. The purpose of this study was to determine outcomes, risk factors for failure, and survivorship for the comprehensive arthroscopic management (CAM) procedure for the treatment of GHOA at minimum 10-year follow-up. It was hypothesized that while some patients would progress to total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), the majority of patients would demonstrate sustained improvement in patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction without conversion to TSA at long term follow-up. Methods: The CAM procedure was performed on a consecutive series of patients with advanced GHOA who opted for joint preservation surgery that otherwise met criteria for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). At minimum 10-year follow-up, pre- and post-operative outcome measures collected included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), Short Form–12 (SF-12) Physical Component Summary (PCS), visual analog scale for pain, and satisfaction scores. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed with failure defined as progression to arthroplasty. Results: Thirty-eight CAM procedures were performed with 10-year minimum follow-up (range, 10-14 years) with a mean age of 53 years (range, 27-68) at time of surgery. Kaplan Meier survivorship curve showing 75.3% CAM survivorship (Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management) for glenohumeral arthritis at 5 years and 63.2% at 10 years in Figure 1. Those who progressed to arthroplasty did so at a mean of 4.7 years (range, 0.8-9.6 years). For those who did not undergo arthroplasty, ASES scores significantly improved post-operatively at both 5 and 10 years (63.3-89.6, p<0.001; 63.3-80.6, p=.007) (Table 1). CAM failure was associated with severe pre-operative humeral head incongruity in 93.8% of failures compared to 50.0.% of patients who did not go onto arthroplasty (p= 0.008). Median satisfaction was 7.5 out of 10. Conclusions: Significant improvement in patient reported outcomes were sustained at minimum 10-year follow-up in young patients with GHOA who underwent a CAM procedure. Survivorship rate at minimum 10-year follow-up was 63.2%. Humeral head flattening and severe joint incongruity were risk factors for CAM failure. The CAM procedure is an effective joint preserving treatment for GHOA in appropriately selected patients with sustained positive outcomes at 10 years. [Table: see text]
The beneficial effect of intra-articular injection of losartan on the microfracture mediated cartilage repair is dose dependent
Authors: Gao Xueqin , Utsunomiya Hajime , Scibetta Alex , Ravuri Sudheer , Ruzbarsky Joseph , Talwar Camille , Arner Justin , Lowe Walter , Philippon Marc , Huard Johnny , Logan Catherine 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: 1. To determine the dosage and beneficial effects of intra-articular injection of losartan on microfracture-mediated cartilage repair and normal cartilage homeostasis. Methods: Rabbits were divided into 5 groups (n=6):a microfracture group (MFX) and 4 different losartan treatment cohorts received varying dosages of IA losartan (0.1,1,10 and 100 mg/knee). An osteochondral defect (5mm) was created in the trochlear groove cartilage and 5 microfracture perforations were performed in the osteochondral defect. Both injured and contralateral knee joints were injected with losartan IA at days 0,14 and 28 after surgery. Rabbits were sacrificed at 6 weeks after surgery for analysis including gross observation, micro computed tomography, histology analysis and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Results: Micro computed tomography analysis and gross observation demonstrated comparable subchondral bone healing and hyaline-like appearing cartilage morphology in the 0.1, 1 and 10mg/knee losartan IA injection groups relative to the MFX group. Conversely, IA injection of losartan at 100mg/knee dosage showed neither bony defect healing nor cartilage repair. Histology revealed higher O’Driscoll scores and hyaline cartilage regeneration in the 1mg/knee cohort when compared to the MFX group. In contrast,100mg/knee losartan showed the lowest histology score and no cartilage repair. IA injection of losartan at the doses of 0.1,1 and 10mg/knee did not cause adverse effects on uninjured cartilage while 100mg/knee dose induced cartilage damage. Q-PCR results showed down-regulation of the TGFβ signaling pathway after losartan injection. Conclusions: Intra-articular injection of losartan at the dose 1mg/knee was most effective for enhancement of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair without adversely affecting uninjured cartilage. Conversely, high dose (100mg/knee) IA injection of losartan inhibited cartilage repair in osteochondral defect and was chondrotoxic to normal articular cartilage.
Midterm Outcomes Following Hip Labral Augmentation
Authors: Ruzbarsky Joseph , Arner Justin , Briggs Karen , Philippon Marc , Soares Rui 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Arthroscopic hip labral preservation techniques have evolved over the last decade. Arthroscopic hip labral augmentation with iliotibial band (ITB) autograft placed into a labral defect with viable circumferential fibers is a novel treatment option to restore the hip suction seal and improve functionality. The purpose of this study is to determine midterm (3-5 year follow up) outcomes of arthroscopic hip labral augmentation procedure. Methods: Patients who underwent arthroscopic hip labral augmentation from August 2011 to March 2017 were prospectively evaluated. Pre- and post-operative patient reported outcome scores were compared and included SF12 PCS, SF12 MCS, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS) (Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Sport). Post-operative Tegner Activity Scale and patient satisfaction (1 – 10) were also evaluated. Results: One hundred and six patients underwent arthroscopic hip labral augmentation with minimum 3-year follow-up. Mean follow-up was 5-year follow-up (range, 3 to 9.2 years). All patient reported outcomes improved after labral augmentation (SF12 PCS 39±8 vs. 50±10, p>0.01; mHHS 59±15 vs. 79±21, p<0.01; WOMAC 31±16 vs. 16±17, p<0.01; HOS ADL 64±17 vs. 84±21, p<0.01; HOS Sport 41±22 vs. 71±29, p<0.01). Median post-operative Tegner score was 4. Median post-operative patient satisfaction was 9 out of 10 (range, 1-10). In terms of survivorship, 12 patients (11%) required revision surgery and 6 (5.7%) converted to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Conclusions: Arthroscopic hip labral augmentation is a successful treatment option for patients that have viable circumferential fibers present at the time of arthroscopy. This technique continues to show improved patient reported outcomes and is another hip labral preservation technique that may help reestablish the intra-articular fluid suction seal.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Effect of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents
Authors: Thomas George N. , Kiew Sieh Yean , Singh Pali , Dmitriev Pauline , Thomas Akshay S. , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This work evaluates the effect of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents on clinical outcomes, optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, and macular ischemia in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was performed to evaluate patients with CRVO. Demographics, OCT parameters before and after treatment, macular ischemia on fluorescein angiography, and clinical outcomes including the number of injections received were analyzed. Results: A total of 365 patients with CRVO were identified. The average follow-up was 36 months. Antiplatelet or anticoagulant agent use was not associated with a significant difference in visual acuity (VA), prevalence of macular edema, or central subfield thickness on OCT at presentation or final visit. The use of 81-mg aspirin alone was associated with an increased prevalence of foveal hemorrhage at presentation. Patients who were taking an antiplatelet agent, an anticoagulation agent, or both and had an ischemic CRVO with logMAR VA of less than 1.0 experienced improved VA at the final study visit. Patients given antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents had a similar incidence of neovascular sequelae compared with patients not administered these agents. Conclusions: In eyes with CRVO, the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents at CRVO onset was not associated with significantly different functional outcomes, except in ischemic CRVO eyes with VA of less than 20/200. The use of 81-mg aspirin was associated with foveal hemorrhage at CRVO presentation. Otherwise, the use of any antiplatelet agent or anticoagulation was not associated with any CRVO structural outcomes.
Pediatric uveitis: a retrospective analysis at a tertiary eye care hospital in South India
Authors: Raveendra Murthy Sowmya , Ganesh Sailatha , C.K. Minija , Dubey Nidhi 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To analyze the demographics, etiology, complications, treatment modalities, and visual outcomes in pediatric uveitis patients at a tertiary eye care hospital. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of pediatric uveitis patients who presented with us from January 2014 to January 2020 was evaluated. Results: Out of the 178 pediatric uveitis patients, 65 children were included in the study. The most common age group was 6–10 years (46%). Of the included patients, 36 (55.4%) were male and 29 (44.6%) were female. Presentation was bilateral in 39 (60%) and unilateral in 26 (40%). Anterior uveitis was seen in 19 (29.23%), intermediate in 18 (27.69%), posterior in 16 (24.62%), and panuveitis in 12 (18.46%) patients. There were 2 cases of masquerades. Non-infectious uveitis was the most commonly seen, in 48 (73.84%) of total cases, among which 21 (43.75%) were idiopathic and 7 (14.58%) were associated with juvenile idiopathic (JIA) arthritis. Infectious uveitis was present in 17 (26.15%); the most common etiology was toxoplasmosis. Baseline visual acuity was low in 22 (33.84%) children. After initiating treatment, 37 (56.92%) showed improvement in vision and 10 (15.38%) had worsening of vision. Intraocular pressure (IOP) rise was seen in 5 (7.69%) children; 51 (78.46%) children required medical management and 16 (24.61%) children required surgical intervention; 46 (70.76%) children had uveitis related complications out of which most of them 30 (65.21%) were present at baseline. Conclusions: Anterior and intermediate uveitis were the most common types observed in our study. Toxoplasmosis was the most common type of infectious uveitis and JIA the most common cause in non-infectious type apart from idiopathic uveitis. Posterior uveitis had low visual acuity at baseline and follow-up. Children presented to us with poor visual acuity and complications at baseline, hence an early referral to a tertiary eye hospital and management accordingly can improve the quality of vision and visual rehabilitation.
Reliability of Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma in the Diagnosis of Blunt Torso Trauma
Authors: Ullah Najeeb , Bacha Raham , Manzoor Iqra , Gilani Syed Amir , Gilani Syed Muhammad Yousaf Farooq , Haider Zeeshan 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) is a widely used imaging technique for the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma and has its limitations and advantages. A meta-analysis was completed to evaluate the reliability of FAST, in the diagnosis of blunt torso trauma. Materials and Methods: A search was completed with Google Scholar, PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), MEDLINE, and Medscape databases, from 1993 up to 2020. Eligible studies were included for information about FAST examination of abdominal trauma. The animal research was excluded from this review process. The eligible studies were first categorized and then data analysis was performed, according to specific pathologic conditions. This literature review retrieved studies’ sample size, application, sensitivity, and a specificity of diagnosis using FAST for abdominal trauma. Results: In total, 100 articles were identified through the database search. Besides, five articles were identified through other sources. Then, screening was performed, and as such, 46 published studies were included that had a qualitative synthesis. Conclusion: FAST has a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma. However, a large range of sensitivity and specificity of FAST in the evaluation of torso trauma reveal that sonography is operator, technique, and equipment dependent.
Identification and validation of a novel locus, Qpm-3BL, for adult plant resistance to powdery mildew in wheat using multilocus GWAS
Authors: Du Xijun , Xu Weigang , Peng Chaojun , Li Chunxin , Zhang Yu , Hu Lin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Powdery mildew (PM), one of the major diseases in wheat, severely damages yield and quality, and the most economical and effective way to address this issue is to breed disease-resistant cultivars. Accordingly, 371 landraces and 266 released cultivars in Henan Province were genotyped by a 660 K microarray and phenotyped for adult plant resistance (APR) to PM from 2017 to 2020, and these datasets were used to conduct multilocus genome-wide association studies (GWASs).

Results
Thirty-six varieties showed stable APR in all the environments, and eleven quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were found by multiple methods across multiple environments and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values to be significantly associated with APR. Among these stable QTNs, four were previously reported, three were newly discovered in this study, and the others need to be further investigated. The major and newly discovered QTN, Qpm-3BL, was located at chr03BL_AX-109,052,670, while another newly discovered QTN, Qpm-1BL, was located between chr01BL_AX-108,771,002 and chr01BL_AX-110,117,322. Five and eight landraces were identified to be resistant based on Qpm-1BL (haplotype TC) and Qpm-3BL (allele T), respectively. To validate Qpm-3BL, a new kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker was developed to scan 155 F2 individuals, and the average resistance score supported the value of Qpm-3BL in marker-assisted breeding. Near Qpm-3BL, PmBMYD was identified by KEGG, gene expression and comparative genomics analyses to be a candidate. Its resistance mechanism may involve gene tandem repeats.

Conclusions
This study reveals a previously unknown gene for PM resistance that is available for marker-assisted breeding.
Effects of lower limb resistance exercise on muscle strength, physical fitness, and metabolism in pre-frail elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lai Xiaoxing , Bo Lin , Zhu Hongwei , Chen Baoyu , Wu Zhao , Du Hongdi , Huo Xiaopeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Few studies examined interventions in frail elderly in China, while the awareness of applying interventions to prevent frailty in pre-frail elderly is still lacking. This study aimed to explore the effects of lower limb resistance exercise in pre-frail elderly in China.

Methods
This was a randomized controlled trial of patients with pre-frailty. The control group received routine care, while the exercise group received a 12-week lower limb resistance exercise based on routine care. The muscle strength in the lower limbs, physical fitness, and energy metabolism of the patients was evaluated at admission and after 12 weeks of intervention.

Results
A total of 60 pre-frail elderly were included in this study. The patients were divided into the exercise group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) by random grouping. There were 17 men and 13 women aged 65.3 ± 13.4 in the exercise group, and 15 men and 15 women aged 67.6 ± 11.9 years in the control groups. The Barthel index was 80.3 ± 10.6 and 85.1 ± 11.6, respectively. The characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different before intervention (all p > 0.05). The results of repeated measurement ANOVA showed that there was statistically significant in crossover effect of group * time (all p < 0.05), that is, the differences of quadriceps femoris muscle strength, 6-min walking test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, 8-ft “up & go” test, daily activity energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent between the intervention group and the control group changed with time, and the variation ranges were different. The main effects of time were statistically significant (all p < 0.05), namely, femoris muscle strength, 6-min walking test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, 8-ft “up & go” test, daily activity energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent of the intervention group and the control group were significantly different before and after intervention. The main effects of groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05), namely, femoris muscle strength, 6-min walking test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, daily activity energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent before and after intervention were significantly different between the intervention group and the control group, while there was no significant differences in 8-ft “up & go” test between groups.

Conclusion
Lower limb resistance exercise used for the frailty intervention could improve muscle strength, physical fitness, and metabolism in pre-frail elderly.

Trial registration
ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000031099. Registered 22 March 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=51221&htm=4