bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot in adult women in ankle isokinetic performance: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Guenka Leandro C. , Carrasco Aline C. , Pelegrinelli Alexandre R. M. , Silva Mariana F. , Dela Bela Laís F. , Moura Felipe A. , Cardoso Jefferson Rosa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaintenance of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot is fundamental during functional tasks and disorders can lead to clinical alterations. Studies have demonstrated that deficits in ankle isokinetic performance can predispose an individual to lower limb injuries.ObjectivesTo evaluate the muscular performance of cavus, planus, and normal feet by means of torque/body mass and the isokinetic phases, to generate 3D surface map analysis, and to verify whether there is a relationship between MLA height and arch height flexibility with isokinetic performance.MethodsThe sample consisted of 105 healthy adult women, divided into three groups: normal, cavus, and planus. Assessment in concentric mode at 30, 60, and 90 °/s in the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle joint were analyzed during the three isokinetic phases (acceleration, sustained velocity, and deceleration). The variables total range of motion, peak of torque (PT), and angle of PT were extracted within the sustained velocity.ResultsIn dorsiflexion at 60 °/s, the phase where the velocicty is sustained (load range phase) was higher in the planus group (MeanDifference=10.9 %; ω2p = 0.06) when compared with the cavus group. Deficits in the peak torque/body mass in dorsiflexion at 60 °/s (cavus feet: MD=‐3 N.m/kg; ω2p = 0.06; and planus feet: MD=‐1.1 N.m/kg; ω2p = 0.06) were also observed as well as in the 3D surface maps, when compared with the normal group. The flexibility of MLA had a negative correlation of PT at 30 °/s in cavus group. The heigth of MLA had a postive correlation with the PT for the cavus and planus group ate 60 °/s. All other results did not show differences between the groups.ConclusionsThe planus groups showed a better capacity of attain and sustained the velocity in dorsiflexion in relation the cavus group. The cavus and planus group had deficts in torque in relation the normal. The correlations were weak between the measures of MLA and PT. Thereby, in general the differences between foot types showed small effect in isokinetic muscle performance measures of the plantar and dorsi flexores.Trial registrationStudy design was approved by the IRB (#90238618.8.0000.5231).
Effects of levosimendan on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration in patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a double blind, randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Tholén Maria , Ricksten Sven-Erik , Lannemyr Lukas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication after cardiac surgery, and current strategies aimed at treating AKI have proven ineffective. Levosimendan, an inodilatating agent, has been shown to increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate in uncomplicated postoperative patients and in patients with the cardiorenal syndrome. We hypothesized that levosimendan through its specific effects on renal vasculature, a preferential vasodilating effect on preglomerular resistance vessels, could improve renal function in AKI-patients with who did not have clinical indication for inotropic support.

Methods
In this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled study, adult patients with postoperative AKI within 2 days after cardiac surgery, who were hemodynamically stable with a central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) ≥ 60% without inotropic support were eligible for inclusion. After randomization, study drug infusions, levosimendan (n = 16) or placebo (n = 13) were given for 5 h. A bolus infusion of levosimendan (12 µg/kg), were given for 30 min followed by 0.1 µg/kg/min for 5 h. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were measured using infusion clearance of para-aminohippuric acid and a filtration marker, respectively. As a safety issue, norepinephrine was administered to maintain mean arterial pressure between 70–80 mmHg. Intra-group differences were tested by Mann–Whitney U-tests, and a linear mixed model was used to test time and group interaction.

Results
Twenty-nine patients completed the study. At inclusion, the mean serum creatinine was higher in the patients randomized to levosimendan (148 ± 29 vs 127 ± 22 µmol/L, p = 0.030), and the estimated GFR was lower (46 ± 12 vs 57 ± 11 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.025). Levosimendan induced a significantly (p = 0.011) more pronounced increase in renal blood flow (15%) compared placebo (3%) and a more pronounced decrease in renal vascular resistance (− 18% vs. − 4%, respectively, p = 0.043). There was a trend for a minor increase in glomerular filtration rate with levosimendan (4.5%, p = 0.079), which did differ significantly from the placebo group (p = 0.440). The mean norepinephrine dose was increased by 82% in the levosimedan group and decreased by 29% in the placebo group (p = 0.012).

Conclusions
In hemodynamically stable patients with AKI after cardiac surgery, levosimendan increases renal blood flow through renal vasodilatation.
Trial registration
NCT02531724, prospectly registered on 08/20/2015. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02531724?cond=AKI&cntry=SE&age=1&draw=2&rank=1
The small G-protein RalA promotes progression and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Thies Katie A. , Cole Matthew W. , Schafer Rachel E. , Spehar Jonathan M. , Richardson Dillon S. , Steck Sarah A. , Das Manjusri , Lian Arthur W. , Ray Alo , Shakya Reena , Knoblaugh Sue E. , Timmers Cynthia D. , Ostrowski Michael C. , Chakravarti Arnab , Sizemore Gina M. , Sizemore Steven T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women. In particular, triple-negative BC (TNBC) has the highest rate of mortality due in large part to the lack of targeted treatment options for this subtype. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new molecular targets for TNBC treatment. RALA and RALB are small GTPases implicated in growth and metastasis of a variety of cancers, although little is known of their roles in BC.

Methods
The necessity of RALA and RALB for TNBC tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated in vivo using orthotopic and tail-vein models. In vitro, 2D and 3D cell culture methods were used to evaluate the contributions of RALA and RALB during TNBC cell migration, invasion, and viability. The association between TNBC patient outcome and RALA and RALB expression was examined using publicly available gene expression data and patient tissue microarrays. Finally, small molecule inhibition of RALA and RALB was evaluated as a potential treatment strategy for TNBC in cell line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.

Results
Knockout or depletion of RALA inhibited orthotopic primary tumor growth, spontaneous metastasis, and experimental metastasis of TNBC cells in vivo. Conversely, knockout of RALB increased TNBC growth and metastasis. In vitro, RALA and RALB had antagonistic effects on TNBC migration, invasion, and viability with RALA generally supporting and RALB opposing these processes. In BC patient populations, elevated RALA but not RALB expression is significantly associated with poor outcome across all BC subtypes and specifically within TNBC patient cohorts. Immunohistochemical staining for RALA in patient cohorts confirmed the prognostic significance of RALA within the general BC population and the TNBC population specifically. BQU57, a small molecule inhibitor of RALA and RALB, decreased TNBC cell line viability, sensitized cells to paclitaxel in vitro and decreased tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC cell line and PDX models in vivo.

Conclusions
Together, these data demonstrate important but paradoxical roles for RALA and RALB in the pathogenesis of TNBC and advocate further investigation of RALA as a target for the precise treatment of metastatic TNBC.
Selective delignification of poplar wood with a newly isolated white-rot basidiomycete Peniophora incarnata T-7 by submerged fermentation to enhance saccharification
Authors: Ma Jiangshan , Yue Huimin , Li Hongqian , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yanghong , Wang Xiaoling , Gong Si , Liu Gao-Qiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Pretreatment is a critical step required for efficient conversion of woody biomass into biofuels and platform chemicals. Fungal pretreatment is regarded as one of the most promising technology for woody biomass conversion but remains challenging for industrial application. The exploration of potential fungus strain with high efficient delignification and less processing time for woody biomass pretreatment will be valuable for development of biorefinery industry. Here, a newly isolated white-rot basidiomycete Peniophora incarnate T-7 was employed for poplar wood pretreatment.

Results
The chemical component analysis showed that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from poplar wood declined by 16%, 48% and 70%, respectively, after 7 days submerged fermentation by P. incarnate T-7. Enzymatic saccharification analysis revealed that the maximum yields of glucose and xylose from 7 days of P. incarnate T-7 treated poplar wood reached 33.4% and 27.6%, respectively, both of which were enhanced by sevenfold relative to the untreated group. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) characterization confirmed that lignocellulosic structure of poplar wood was largely broken by P. incarnate T-7, including delignification and de-crystalline of cellulose. Meanwhile, lignin component of poplar wood was selectively degraded by P. incarnate T-7, and G-type unit of lignin was preferentially attacked by the strain. Furthermore, quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that a considerable amount of lignocellulolytic enzymes were detected in the secretory proteins of P. incarnate T-7, especially with high abundance of lignin-degrading enzymes and hemicellulases. Combination of quantitative proteomic with transcriptomic analysis results showed that most of those lignocellulolytic enzymes were highly upregulated on poplar wood substrate compared to glucose substrate.

Conclusions
This study showed that P. incarnate T-7 could selectively delignify poplar wood by submerged fermentation with short time of 7 days, which greatly improved its enzymatic saccharification efficiency. Our results suggested that P. incarnate T-7 might be a promising candidate for industrial woody biomass pretreatment.
Role of liraglutide in Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Vargas-Soria Maria , Carranza-Naval Maria Jose , del Marco Angel , Garcia-Alloza Monica 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The described relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the fact that AD has no succesful treatment has led to the study of antidiabetic drugs that may limit or slow down AD pathology.

Main body
Although T2D treatment has evident limitations, options are increasing including glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs. Among these, liraglutide (LRGT) is commonly used by T2D patients to improve β cell function and suppress glucagon to restore normoglycaemia. Interestingly, LRGT also counterbalances altered brain metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have reported its capacity to reduce AD pathology, including amyloid production and deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, or neuronal and synaptic loss in animal models of AD, accompanied by cognitive improvement. Given the beneficial effects of LRGT at central level, studies in patients have been carried out, showing modest beneficial effects. At present, the ELAD trial (Evaluating Liraglutide in Alzheimer’s Disease NCT01843075) is an ongoing phase IIb study in patients with mild AD. In this minireview, we resume the outcomes of LRGT treatment in preclinical models of AD as well as the available results in patients up to date.

Conclusion
The effects of LRGT on animal models show significant benefits in AD pathology and cognitive impairment. While studies in patients are limited, ongoing clinical trials will probably provide more definitive conclusions on the role of LRGT in AD patients.
Optimal control of buoyancy-driven liquid steel stirring modeled with single-phase Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Wilbrandt Ulrich , Alia Najib , John Volker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGas stirring is an important process used in secondary metallurgy. It allows to homogenize the temperature and the chemical composition of the liquid steel and to remove inclusions which can be detrimental for the end-product quality. In this process, argon gas is injected from two nozzles at the bottom of the vessel and rises by buoyancy through the liquid steel thereby causing stirring, i.e., a mixing of the bath. The gas flow rates and the positions of the nozzles are two important control parameters in practice. A continuous optimization approach is pursued to find optimal values for these control variables. The effect of the gas appears as a volume force in the single-phase incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Turbulence is modeled with the Smagorinsky Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. An objective functional based on the vorticity is used to describe the mixing in the liquid bath. Optimized configurations are compared with a default one whose design is based on a setup from industrial practice.
The Ockham’s razor for estimating the needs of ICU beds during a pandemic
Authors: Squara Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
It is possible to monitor an epidemic evolution by plotting the number of patients, or its log-transform, as a function of time. However, these representations do not allow quick identifications of significant changes in the outbreak; a key information for estimating the needs for hospital and ICU beds, for decision-making, and resource allocation. Moreover, an epidemic is characterised by a heterogeneous evolution that depends on many unpredictable factors, coming from the virus itself or from its ecosystem. Simulations are very complex and based on hypotheses that are impossible to certify a priori, since each outbreak is different and has specific characteristics. A validation phase is necessary that may delay the usefulness of these tools. We tested a simpler method for monitoring the epidemic and rapidly predicting the peak.

Results
We present here a simple and easy-to-draw figure by plotting the daily rate of change in the number of patients as a function of time. This allows: (1) to rapidly identify the changes in the infection growth, (2) to extrapolate the regression lines for predicting the peaks, and (3) to use simple statistical models for identifying the significant inflexions and deriving the uncertainties. This figure predicted confidently the peak epidemic of the three waves in France.

Conclusion
Plotting the daily rate of change in the number of patients as a function of time is a simple tool for monitoring an epidemic growth, allowing to quickly identify significant changes and to help in predicting the peak of the infection, with its confidence interval.
Generalizations of some integral inequalities related to Hardy type integral inequalities via $(p,q)$-calculus
Authors: Thongjob Suriyakamol , Nonlaopon Kamsing , Tariboon Jessada , Ntouyas Sortiris K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study generalizations of some integral inequalities related to Hardy type integral inequalities via$(p, q)$(p,q)-calculus. Many results obtained in this paper provide extensions of existing results in the literature. Furthermore, some examples are given to illustrate the investigated results.
Dynamics and bifurcation analysis of a state-dependent impulsive SIS model
Authors: Wang Jinyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, considering the susceptible population size-guided implementations of control measures, several modelling studies investigated the global dynamics and bifurcation phenomena of the state-dependent impulsive SIR models. In this study, we propose a state-dependent impulsive model based on the SIS model. We firstly recall the complicated dynamics of the ODE system with saturated treatment. Based on the dynamics of the ODE system, we firstly discuss the existence and the stability of the semi-trivial periodic solution. Then, based on the definition of the Poincaré map and its properties, we systematically investigate the bifurcations near the semi-trivial periodic solution with all the key control parameters; consequently, we prove the existence and stability of the positive periodic solutions.
Studies on the basic reproduction number in stochastic epidemic models with random perturbations
Authors: Ríos-Gutiérrez Andrés , Torres Soledad , Arunachalam Viswanathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the basic reproduction number of stochastic epidemic models with random perturbations. We define the basic reproduction number in epidemic models by using the integral of a function or survival function. We study the systems of stochastic differential equations for SIR, SIS, and SEIR models and their stability analysis. Some results on deterministic epidemic models are also obtained. We give the numerical conditions for which the disease-free equilibrium point is asymptotically stable.
Patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention filed by Chinese applicants
Authors: Xiong Yan-Hong , Xu Xue-Nian , Zheng Bin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Many valuable and productive patented technologies have been developed to control schistosomiasis in China in the past 70 years. We conducted a research to analyse patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention filed by Chinese applicants for determining the future patent layout.

Methods
The patent databases of China National Intellectual Property Administration and Baiten were comprehensively searched, and patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention, published between January 1950 and December 2020 filed by Chinese applicants were sorted on 30 December 2020. The patent types, technical fields, and patent development trends were analysed using patent indexing.

Results
There are 184 valid schistosomiasis control technology patents, among them 128 invention patents. The patents related to schistosomiasis control and prevention technology have gone through the germination, growth, and maturity stages. These phases correspond with three phases in schistosomiasis control in China. The main technical aspects were fundamental research (n = 37), detection (n = 13), chemotherapy (n = 61), and armamentarium/devices (n = 73), of which the number of patents for detection for diagnosis was smaller. The top three specialised technical fields for patents subgroups, focusing on antiparasitic agents, DNA or RNA, vectors and medicines, of which schistosomicides are the major dominant subgroup.

Conclusions
We recommend that technologies to be patented for schistosomiasis control and prevention be focused on detection, preliminary studies for molecular detection methods should be significantly enhanced, and patent layout must be performed, which will, in turn, promote accuracy of early diagnosis, not only in humans but also in livestock. It is necessary to develop more anti-schistosomal drugs safely and effectively, exceptionally eco-friendly molluscicides and herbal extracts anti-schistosomes, improve treatment, develop vaccines for use in humans.

Graphic abstract
The control of soil-transmitted helminthiases in the Philippines: the story continues
Authors: Mationg Mary Lorraine S. , Tallo Veronica L. , Williams Gail M. , Gordon Catherine A. , Clements Archie C. A. , McManus Donald P. , Gray Darren J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections have long been an important public health concern in the Philippines. In this review, we describe the current status of STH infections there and highlight the control efforts undertaken to reduce STH burden.

Main text
A nationwide STH mass drug administration (MDA) programme was started in 2006 but the overall STH prevalence remains stubbornly high across the Philippines, ranging from 24.9% to 97.4%. The continued increase in the prevalence may have been due to the challenges related to MDA implementation which include the lack of people’s awareness about the importance of regular treatment, misconceptions about the MDA strategy, lack of confidence on the drugs used, fear of adverse events and general distrust of government programs. There are existing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes implemented in communities [e.g., Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) program and providing toilet bowls and provision of subsidy for latrine construction] and schools [e.g., WASH in School (WINS) program], but sustained implementation is required to achieve expected outcomes. Although WASH in general is being taught in schools, integration of STH as a disease and community problem in the current public elementary school curriculum is still inadequate. The Integrated Helminth Control Program (IHCP) currently implemented in the country, which is focused on improved sanitation and personal hygiene, health education and preventive chemotherapy, will require continuous appraisal. The sustainability of this programme still continues to be a challenge.

Conclusions
Despite the major efforts to control STH infections for almost two decades in the Philippines, persistently high STH prevalence has been reported across the country, which is likely due to suboptimal MDA coverage and limitations in WASH and health education programs. Sustainable delivery of integrated control approaches will continue to play a pivotal role in the control and elimination of STH in the Philippines.

Graphic abstract