bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Multiple Reinforcement Learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning Methods for the Task Aimed at Achieving the Goal
Authors: Parak Roman , Matousek Radomil 
Published: June 2021

Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods are a promising approach to solving complex tasks in the real world with physical robots. In this paper, we compare several reinforcement learning (Q-Learning, SARSA) and deep reinforcement learning (Deep Q-Network, Deep Sarsa) methods for a task aimed at achieving a specific goal using robotics arm UR3. The main optimization problem of this experiment is to find the best solution for each RL/DRL scenario and minimize the Euclidean distance accuracy error and smooth the resulting path by the Bézier spline method. The simulation and real word applications are controlled by the Robot Operating System (ROS). The learning environment is implemented using the OpenAI Gym library which uses the RVIZ simulation tool and the Gazebo 3D modeling tool for dynamics and kinematics.
Lens-free digital holographic microscopy for cell imaging and tracking by Fresnel diffraction from a phase discontinuity
Authors: Ebrahimi Samira , Dashtdar Masoomeh 
Published: June 2021

In this Letter, a very simple, stable, and portable lensless digital holographic (DH) microscopy method is presented relying on the Fresnel diffraction (FD) of light from a phase discontinuity (PD). A phase plate in the transmission or a physical step in the reflection can be employed in the path of the divergent beam of a coherent light source as a component imposing the PD. The recorded diffraction pattern in the vicinity of the PD is a hologram produced by off-axis overlapping of two diffracted waves in both sides of the boundary region with adjustable fringe modulation. To validate the method, measurements are performed on the amplitude and phase specimens as well as on the dynamic processes of water evaporation and 3D tracking of floating cells. A reflective configuration of FD from a physical step can be used as a powerful platform for lensless DH microscopy using high-energy electromagnetic radiation, e.g., x-ray and UV sources for the high-resolution imaging of moving samples.
Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea
Authors: Kang In Sook , Kong Kyoung Ae 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recent studies. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 severity and fatality are unclear.

Research design and methods
This study included 4,141 COVID-19 patients who were released from isolation or had died as of April 30, 2020. This nationwide data was provided by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency. BMI was categorized as follows; < 18.5 kg/m2, 18.5–22.9 kg/m2, 23.0–24.9 kg/m2, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, and ≥ 30 kg/m2. We defined a fatal illness if the patient had died.

Results
Among participants, those with a BMI of 18.5–22.9 kg/m2 were the most common (42.0%), followed by 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (24.4%), 23.0–24.9 kg/m2 (24.3%), ≥ 30 kg/m2 (4.7%), and < 18.5 kg/m2 (4.6%). In addition, 1,654 (41.2%) were men and 3.04% were fatalities. Multivariable analysis showed that age, male sex, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and dementia were independent risk factors for fatal illness. In particular, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.97, 95% CI 1.77–8.92), 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (2.43, 1.32–4.47), and ≥ 30 kg/m2 (4.32, 1.37–13.61) were found to have higher ORs than the BMI of 23.0–24.9 kg/m2 (reference). There was no significant difference between those with a BMI of 18.5–22.9 kg/m2 (1.59, 0.88–2.89) and 23.0–24.9 kg/m2.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between BMI and fatal illness. Subjects with a BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2 and those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had a high risk of fatal illness. Maintaining a healthy weight is important not only to prevent chronic cardiometabolic diseases, but also to improve the outcome of COVID-19.
Ideology and Institutions in the Evolution of Capital
Authors: Pistor Katharina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In Capital and Ideology, Thomas Piketty poses the intriguing thesis that ideology, or ideas about how society should be governed, is a powerful determinant for how society will be governed-as long as we take advantage of historical switch points. In this review essay I challenge this thesis by pointing out that many powerful ideas have run aground because of countervailing institutional arrangements. Oftentimes, they are leftovers from earlier times that precede the change and are now strategically employed for reconstituting private wealth. Clearly, ideology and institutions are deeply intertwined. I credit Piketty for putting ideology on the map of institutionalists in history, political sciences, sociology, and law. I therefore call for more research on the interaction of ideas and institutions.
The Experience of Housing Needs Among Families Caring for Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Hounsell Kara Grace , Moore Clara , Zahavi Arielle , Arje Danielle , Weiser Natalie , Esser Kayla , Netten Kathy , Soscia Joanna , Cohen Eyal , Orkin Julia 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) face many stressors related to their child’s medical condition(s). Financial stress and its impact on housing has been reported to be a challenge among this population. However, unique housing challenges specific to CMC, including disability accommodations in the home and housing space and layout, have yet to be examined in the literature.

METHODS
We conducted 20 individual semistructured interviews with parents of CMC. Interviews were recorded, coded, and analyzed by using thematic analysis to emphasize, examine, and record patterns of meaning within the data.

RESULTS
Eighteen mothers and 2 fathers participated in individual interviews. Two major themes and subthemes (in parentheses) were identified: (1) the impact of health on housing (housing preferences, housing possibilities, and housing outcome as a trade-off) and (2) the impact of housing on health (health of the caregiver and health of the child). Parents had preferences regarding the location and layout of their home specific to their child’s illness and medical needs. In addition, parents indicated their child’s illness affected their income and home ownership status, which in turn shaped their housing possibilities. The location and layout of the family home was often the result of a trade-off between the caregiver’s housing preferences and possibilities.

CONCLUSIONS
Housing outcomes among CMC are often the result of a trade-off between housing preferences and possibilities, both of which are influenced by the child’s health status. Policy changes targeting housing accessibility and affordability are vital to support the health of CMC.
Desarrollo y aplicación de una herramienta metodológica para el diseño bioinspirado
Authors: Morales Carmona Mayra Alejandra 
Published: June 2021

En el diseño bioinspirado se ha desarrollado gran número de objetos que han tenido un espacio sobresaliente en la historia del diseño, desde Arts and Crafts, el diseño escandinavo o el Art Nouveau, entre otros, se observa el valor de la naturaleza como inspiración.
En este estudio se hace la comparación de seis métodos de diseño bioinspirado, con énfasis en el proceso de análisis del referente natural y sus características, con el propósito de desarrollar una herramienta metodológica que contribuya y complemente los procesos de abstracción para realizar diseño biomimético. Se valida la herramienta a través de su aplicación en el diseño conceptual de objetos.
Micromechanical modeling of nacre-mimetic Ti3C2-MXene nanocomposites with viscoelastic polymer matrix
Authors: Srivatsa Shreyas , Packo Pawel , Mishnaevsky Leon , Uhl Tadeusz , Grabowski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new two-dimensional nanomaterial—Titanium Carbide MXene (Ti3C2-MXene)—was reported in 2011. In this work, the microscale models of Ti3C2-MXene nanomaterial are considered with polymer matrix. The nanocomposites are modeled using nacre-mimetic brick-and-mortar assembly configurations due to enhanced mechanical properties and interlocking mechanism between the Ti3C2-MXene (brick) and polymer matrices (mortar). The polymer matrix material (Epoxy-resin) is modeled with elastic and viscoelastic behavior (Kelvin–Voigt Model). The Finite Element Method is used for numerical analysis of the microscale models with the multi-point constraint method to include Ti3C2-MXene fillers in the polymer matrix. Ti3C2-MXenes are considered as thick plate elements with transverse shear effects. The response of elastic and viscoelastic models of polymer matrix are studied. Finally, a tensile and compressive load is applied at the microscale and the effective load transfer due to nacre-mimetic configuration is discussed. This paper provides nacre-mimetic models to pre-design the nanocomposite for optimal performance with damage resistance and enhanced strength.
Early Versus Delayed Mobilization Post-Operative Protocols for Primary Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vopat Matthew , Wendling Alexander , Lee Brennan , Hassan Maaz , Morris Brandon , Tarakemeh Armin , Zackula Rosey , Mullen Scott , Schroeppel John , Vopat Bryan 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Lateral ankle instability represents a common orthopaedic diagnosis. Nonoperative treatment through focused physical therapy provides satisfactory results in most patients. However, some patients experience persistent chronic lateral ankle instability despite appropriate nonoperative treatment. These patients may require stabilization which can include primary lateral ligament reconstruction with a graft to restore ankle stability. Optimal post-operative rehabilitation of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction remains unknown, as surgeons vary in how long they immobilize their patients post-operatively. The aim of this review is to provide insight into early mobilization (EM) versus delayed mobilization (DM) post-operative protocols in patients undergoing primary lateral ankle ligament reconstructions to determine if an optimal evidence-based post-operative rehabilitation protocol exists in the literature.
Methods. Following PRIMSA criteria, a systematic review/meta-analysis using the PubMed/Ovid Medline database was performed (10/11/1947-1/28/2020). Manuscripts that were duplicates, non-lateral ligament repair, biomechanical and non-English language were excluded. Protocols were reviewed and divided into two categories; early mobilization (within 3 weeks of surgery) and delayed mobilization (after 3 weeks of surgery). Functional outcome scores (AOFAS, Karlsson scores), radiographic measurements (anterior drawer, talar tilt) and complications evaluated using weighted mean differences (pre- and post-operative scores) and mixed-effect models.
Results. After our search, we found 12 out of 1,574 studies that met the criteria for the final analysis, representing 399 patients undergoing lateral ankle reconstruction. Using weighted mean differences the DM group showed superior AOFAS functional scores compared to the EM group; 28.0 (5.5) vs. 26.3 (0.0) respectively, p < 0.001; although sample size was small. Conversely, no significant differences were found for Karlsson functional score (p = 0.246). With regards to radiographic outcome, no significant differences were observed; anterior drawer was p = 0.244 and talar tilt was p = 0.937. A meta-analysis using mixed-effects models confirmed these results, although heterogeneity was high.
Conclusions. While there were some conflicting results, findings suggest that EM post-operative protocols for patients undergoing lateral ankle ligament reconstruction may not compromise functional outcomes or post-operative stability. Because heterogeneity was high, future studies are still needed to evaluate these protocols in less diverse patient groups and/or more consistent techniques for lateral ankle ligament reconstruction.
Impact of obesity on hypertension: A review
Authors: Abdussalam  
Published: June 2021

The primary cause of extreme obesity and overweight is a disparity between energy consumption and expenditure. Obesity is technically described as the excess deposition of 20% or more body fat over a person's ideal weight of body. The latter is an individual's maximum healthy value, which is measured primarily based on age, build, height, and degree of muscular growth. Obesity, on the other hand, is diagnosed by comparing an individual's weight to his or her height and calculating the BMI. The NIH has set a maximum of 30 kg/m2 as the threshold for being considered obese. As a result, amid World Health Organization warnings, obesity is on the rise in children and adults around the world. Obesity's rise, as well as the scope of related health problems, has significant ramifications for both people and public healthcare systems. Obesity is linked to increased chances of injury, sickness, and death, and it is one of the world's most overlooked public health problems. Obesity is linked to cardiac problems, which are the primary cause of death globally especially hypertension and diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying obesity-related hypertension and other metabolic disorders have yet to be thoroughly studied. We looked at the connection among obese and heart disease, specifically the biological mechanisms that link obese and hypertension, in this study.
Recorrido de vida de un investigador en economía
Authors: Salama Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Los temas de investigación de Pierre Salama están centrados en el desarrollo de las economías semi-industrializadas. Su método es comparativo. P. Salama estudió desde un punto de vista teórico el Estado en América Latina, buscando explicar sus particularidades. Después, trabajó sobre economía de la droga en las economías emergentes y las causas de la violencia en América Latina. Finalmente, sus trabajos tratan igualmente sobre los efectos de la amplitud de las finanzas sobre el crecimiento, la distribución de ingresos y la pobreza, a partir de un análisis comparativo no solamente entre economías latinoamericanas sino, sobretodo, entre éstas y las principales economías asiáticas. “El desafío de las desigualdades”, su último libro publicado, es una comparación económica América Latina/Asia.ABSTRACTLes thèmes de recherche de Pierre SALAMA sont centrés sur le développement des économies semi-industrialisées. L ’approche est comparative. P. SALAMA a étudié d’un point de vue théorique ’État en Amérique latine, cherchant à en expliquer les particularités. Puis il a travaillé sur l’économie de la drogue dans les économies émergentes et les causes de la violence en Amérique latine. Enfin ses travaux portent aussi sur les effets de l ’essor de la finance sur la croissance, la distribution des revenus et la pauvreté, à partir d ’une analyse comparative non seulement entre économies latinoaméricaines mais surtout entre celles-ci et les principales économies asiatiques. Son dernier ouvrage paru est intitulé Le défi des inégalités, une comparaison économique Amérique latine/Asie (2007).
Vacuna BCG e indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad por COVID-19 en países con curva epidémica consolidada.
Authors: Sánchez Barragán Baldómero , Avalos García María Isabel , Castillo Castillo Katia Alejandra , López Romero Samantha , Sosa Marquina Jennifer Sofía 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo. -Determinar el impacto de coberturas de vacunación con bacilos Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad por COVID-19 en países con curva epidémica consolidada.
Materiales y Métodos. Se trata de estudio de investigación documental, eligiéndose países con curva epidémica consolidada por COVID-19 actualizada al 1 de junio 2020 e información tomada de base de datos de vacunación 1980-2018 Estimates of National Immunization Coverage, ambas fuentes de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) contrastando las coberturas y políticas de vacunación e ingreso per cápita con letalidad, mortalidad e incidencia en 45 países que cumplieron con los criterios aplicando medidas de impacto potencial: reducción de riesgo(RDR),muertes prevenibles en vacunados(MEV%),casos prevenibles en vacunados(CEV%) con intervalo de confianza para tasas con 99% de significancia.
Resultados. Países con coberturas > 60% y política actual de vacunación universal en contraste con países con cero% coberturas, con reducción de indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad: Letalidad 5.8-9.7%, mortalidad 8,883.8-937 por 106 (p<0.01) habitantes, incidencia 4,260-4,351.6 por 105 (p<0.01) habitantes; incremento de: MEV% 94.1-100%(p<0.01) y CEV% 97.5-99.9%(p<0.01).Finlandia, en 2005 detuvo la vacunación universal. Los mejores indicadores son para países con ingreso medio bajo e ingreso medio alto.
Países con coberturas < 60% contra cero% coberturas(ambos grupos con altos ingresos) con reducción (excepto Letalidad): Letalidad-1.861 a -4.703 %(p>0.01), mortalidad 774.255-827.785 por 106 (p<0.01) habitantes, incidencia 4,193.133- 4,212.926 por 105 (p<0.01) habitantes, incremento de: MEV% 82.474-88.176%(p<0.01), CEV% 96.003-96.456%(p<0.01).Con mejores indicadores para países con coberturas cercanas al 60% con política de vacunación universal actual.
Conclusiones. Coberturas de vacunación con BCG superior a 60%, mantenimiento de políticas de vacunación universal, se asocia con mayor reducción de indicadores de mortalidad, morbilidad por COVID-19 e incremento significativo de casos y muertes evitadas por vacunación de esta virosis.
Palabras clave: Vacuna BCG; mortalidad; morbilidad; COVID-19.
Designing Applications for Data Collection and Sales of MSME Products to increase competitiveness in the web-based global market using the Analythical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method
Authors: Rahman Taufikur , Hujairi Ahmad Walid , Putra Deny Fardiansyah 
Published: June 2021

Pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia menjadi faktor penting ketahanan ekonomi daerah bahkan nasional. Banyak pelaku UMKM yang memiliki produk tidak kalah bagus dari pruduk pabrikan bahkan luar negeri, peran serta pemerintah sebagai fasilitator dan katalisator dalam pengembangan produktifitas UMKM sangat penting, namun demikian banyak pelaku UMKM yang tidak mampu berkembang karena kurangnya perhatian pemerintah dalam hal pelatihan, kemasan yang baik, dukungan modal dan promosi serta sistem katalog produk online supaya mampu bersaing di skala nasional bahkan internasional. Bantuan yang diharapkan dari pemerintah ada kalanya tidak tepat sasaran karena tidak memiliki data pelaku UMKM yang berujung pada sistem pengambilan keputusan pemberian bantuan terhadap UMKM menjadi tidak tepat. Aplikasi pendataan dan penjualan web dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan pelaku UMKM, dengan metode Analythical Hierarchy Process (AHP) diharapkan mampu mendukung pengambilan keputusan bagi pemerintah untuk mencari pelaku UMKM yang akan di bantu sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan tidak salah sasaran. Metode AHP yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai alat bantu dalam menentukan rangking prioritas UMKM berdasarkan tingkat validitas konsistensi hirarki

Kata Kunci : Sistem Pengambilan Keputusan, , Analythical Hierarchy Process, Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah
Application of Creative Problem Solving Learning Model to Improve Learning Outcomes and Learning Activities on Simulation and Digital Communication
Authors: Ilmianah Nurfarida 
Published: June 2021

The learning process at this time tends to decrease. This is caused by learning that is less interesting. The Media and methods as a way to overcome monotonous learning need to be developed to improve the quality of the student learning outcomes. This study aims to improve the activeness and learning outcomes through the implementation of the Creative Proplem Solving (CPS) learning model. "This study uses classroom action research (PTK) consisting of 4 stages, the stages namely of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. With the research subjects XDPIB2 class students consisting of 34 students, 24 male students and 10 female students. The instrument used was an observation sheet of student learning activities, and a test of student learning outcomes. The results of this study indicate an increase in the average of student learning activities that continue to increase from cycle I to cycle III, it can be seen from the average learning activity of students who continue to increase starting from cycle I in the category of sufficient activity, amounting to 2.44. Cycle II was 3.38 with good category activity and Cycle III increased by 4.31 with very good category activity. Learning by using this CPS can improve student learning outcomes. based on observations on cycles I, II and III. From the three cycles, there was an increase in the average test of student learning outcomes in a row starting from cycle I, II and III was 60.65, 72.85 and 85.24 and only 1 student had a score below 75 of 34 students so that the application of the model CPS learning can improve the activities and learning outcomes of students of SMK Negeri 1 Sidoarjo
The kidnapping of mitochondrial function associated to the SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Soria-Castro Elizabeth , Soto María Elena , Verónica  , Rojas Gustavo , Perezpeña-Diazconti Mario , Críales-Vera Sergio A , Pech Linaloe Manzano , Pérez-Torres Israel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to multiorganic failure associated with a cytokine storm and septic shock. The virus evades the mitochondrial production of interferons through its N protein. From that moment on, SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the functions of this organelle. The aim of this study was to show how the virus kidnaps the mitochondrial machinery for its benefit and survival, altering serum parameters and leading to nitrosative stress (NSS). In a prospective cohort of 15 postmortem patients who died from COVID-19, six markers of mitochondrial function; COX II, COX IV, MnSOD, nitrotyrosine, Bcl-2 and caspase-9 were analyzed by the immune colloidal gold technique in samples from the lung, heart, kidney and liver. Biometric laboratory results from these patients showed alterations in hemoglobin, platelets, creatinine, urea nitrogen, glucose, C-reactive protein, albumin, D-dimer, ferritin, fibrinogen, Ca2+, K+, lactate and troponin. These changes were associated with alterations of the mitochondrial structure and function. The multiorganic dysfunction present in COVID-19 patients may be caused in part by damage to the mitochondria that results in an inflammatory state that contributes to the elevation of NSS. NSS activates the sepsis cascade and contributes to the increased mortality in COVID-19 patients.