bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ability of Three Different Protocols in Removing Biroceramic- and Resin based Sealers from Simulated Internal Root Resorption Cavities: An in vitro Study
Authors: Alhaddad Ahmad M. , Aziz Saied Mohamed Abdel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The endodontic therapy is considered successful when it achieves certain criteria that include the absence of periapical radiolucency, root filling extending to 2 mm within the radiographic apex, root filling with no voids, and a satisfactory coronal restoration1.However, root canal failure could occur in a percentage of 15 - 22%, and the non-surgical root canal retreatment stays the treatment of choice as a conservative way to control the post-treatment disease2.In non-surgical root canal retreatment removing all of the old root filling material is essential to improve the chances of success because this material could make a mechanical barrier that potentially retains the bacteria responsible for the case failure and also hinders the contact of irrigating solutions and intracanal dressings to the root canal walls3.Sealers are used to obturate the root canal irregularities and to fill the voids between the root canal filling and the canal walls4. Many new sealers have been introduced in the market; most commonly used are the resin-based and the bioceramic based sealer, the retreatability of these sealers is still not fully known5.In more complicated cases of canal irregularities and atypical root canal system, the clinician faces a further challenge in the effective removal of the root canal filling. Internal root resorptions are a pathological condition caused by the inflammatory reaction of the pulp cells leaving a resorptive cavity, the limitations of conventional non-surgical retreatment protocols require a more effective approach to fully remove the root canal fillings6.Irrigant agitation through Ultrasonic (Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation –PUI) considered efficient when compared to the conventional syringe irrigation because of the acoustic transmission that can break the bacterial biofilm and other materials and debris in the root canal system7 other instruments have been introduced to the market for the same purpose, XP-endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire, Switzerland) stands out because of its special titanium alloy (Martensite-Austenite Elctropolish-Flex) that can react to a different temperature when the instrument reaches the body temperature it transforms from the straight martensite phase to a curved austenite phase the instrument tip could expand up to 6 mm when subjected to pressure, it has been demonstrated that this instrument could improve the removal of Ca(OH)2 from oval canals and reduce the bacterial count in the root canal system8, XP-Endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire) has the same titanium alloy as XP-endo Finisher and according to the manufacturer, this alloy has the ability to adapt to the morphology of the root canal and could expand to reach all canal walls.
Extraction, identification and quantification of water buffalo milk proteins using a combination of reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements
Authors: Vargas Julián Andrés Castillo , Gomes Vinicius da Silva Botelho Duarte , Araújo Tiago Costa de , Mezzomo Rafael , Maciel Raylon Pereira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of novel methods to estimate the number of protein genetic variants of caseins (CN) and whey proteins in buffalo’s milk is necessary to optimize the technological and nutritional properties of dairy derivative products from this species. The literature has shown that buffalo’s milk CN and whey proteins can be successfully quantified using RP-HPLC-DAD. However, pure standards of genetic variants of CN and whey proteins in buffalo’s milk are not commercially available. This condition makes necessary their isolation and purification by preparative chromatography, which is difficult and requires specialized equipment. Thus, we proposed a protocol to quantify different casein genetic variants and major whey proteins in the milk of water buffaloes, using the combination of measurements derived from RP-HPLC-DAD and NIRS techniques. Our data showed estimates of casein variants and whey proteins similar to those reported by the classical method RP-HPLC-DAD that uses purified proteins and calibration curves.
Excellent piezoelectric property and thermal stability of Pb(Sc, Nb)O3-Pb(Hf, Ti)O3 ceramic
Authors: Zhao Mo , Jin Li , Chen Wei , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
xPb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -(1-x)Pb(Hf 1-y Ti y )O 3 piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by solid state route, and the phase structures and piezoelectric properties of ceramics were systematically investigated. Results showed that the sample with the composition of x=0.07 and y=0.53 possessed higher phase coexistence between the rhombohedral and tetragonal, and exhibited the optimal properties among different constituent systems, i.e. T C =355 °C, d 33 =400 pC/N, ε r =1390 and tan δ =1.05%. Furthermore, the effects of temperature on d 33 , leakage current density, P - E loop, and unipolar strain were studied for xPb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -(1-x)Pb(Hf 0.47 Ti 0.53 )O 3 samples. The sample with x=0.07 revealed better temperature stability as well, the reason of which was analyzed in detail. The study indicates that the 0.07Pb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -0.93Pb(Hf 0.47 Ti 0.53 )O 3 piezoelectric ceramic has excellently comprehensive properties suitable for application in higher temperature condition.
Comparative DFT study on selective hydrogenation of acrolein catalyzed by pure Mo2C(001) and Pt/Mo2C(001)
Authors: Wu Jinrong , Huang Yanping , Wang Weiyan , Li Wensong , Li Zhengke , Yang Yunquan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to study the adsorption and stepwise hydrogenation of acrolein (CH 2 =CHCH=O) on pure Mo 2 C(001) and Pt/Mo 2 C(001). The electronic properties were investigated by Mulliken population analysis. The results showed that Mo atoms obtained some electrons from surrounding Pt and C atoms, thereby enhancing the hydrogenation activity of Mo atoms around Pt atoms and forming local active sites dominated by Mo atoms around Pt atoms. As a result, the adsorption energy of the species on Pt/Mo 2 C(001) is generally higher than that on Mo 2 C(001), and the activation energies of the elementary reactions involved in stepwise hydrogenation of acrolein on Pt/Mo 2 C(001) are lower than those on Mo 2 C(001). Moreover, Pt/Mo 2 C(001) exhibits higher selectivity for C=O bond hydrogenation than Mo 2 C(001) and produces more allyl alcohol.
Establishing The Optimal Male Cut-Off Point: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in a Representative Sample of Spanish University Students
Authors: Rica Robin , Solar María , Compte Emilio J. , Sepúlveda Ana Rosa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose Although the EDE-Q is derived from the “gold standard” for the assessment of Eating Disorders (ED), its factor structure is controversial, particularly in male samples. The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the EDE-Q, as well to stablish a sensitive and specific cut-off point validated by EDE clinical interview. Methods A series of Confirmatory Factor Analyses were performed among a representative sample of 796 male university students, of whom 139 were interviewed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determinate the most appropriate cut-off value. Results The original factor structure was not confirmed, showing a better fit with a 2-factor solution. For the Spanish male sample, a cut-off ≥ 1.09 for at-risk of ED cases and ≥ 2.41 for clinical cases presents an optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions The establishment of specific cut-off points for males may help to reduce the under-diagnosis of ED in this population.Level of evidence III Evidence obtained from well-designed case-control study.
The Up-Regulation of CXCL12-CXCR4 Axis By Radiotherapy Could Accelerate Glioma Progression
Authors: Tsuji Yuichiro , Nonoguchi Naosuke , Okuzaki Daisuke , Wada Yusuke , Motooka Daisuke , Hirota Yuki , Toho Taichiro , Yoshikawa Nobuhiko , Furuse Motomasa , Kawabata Shinji , Miyatake Shin-Ichi , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Yamamato Ryohei , Nakamura Shota , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Wanibuchi Masahiko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This study investigated whether the effect of changes in the microenvironment of parenchymal brain tissue caused by radiotherapy for malignant brain tumors affect the recurrence and progression of glioma. Methods: 3 months after the same 65-Gy irradiation had been applied to the right hemisphere. Irradiated Fisher rats were divided into three groups for in vitro assay as follows. IR/Ipsi-brain; the right-hemisphere tissue was used for experiments. IR/Contra-brain; the left-hemisphere tissue was used. Sham-IR/Brain; sham-irradiation was applied to the brain, and the right-hemisphere tissue was used. The effects of proteins extracted from the brains directly or indirectly affected by irradiation on the growth of F98 cells, the effect on tube formation, the influence on tumor biology, and the influence on cytokine production were investigated. Additionally, irradiated animals were divided into three groups for in vivo assay as follows. IR/Ipis-tumor; F98 cells (a glioma cell line) were transplanted to the right hemisphere. IR/Contra-tumor; F98 cells were transplanted to the left hemisphere. Sham-IR/Tumor; F98 cells were transplanted to the right hemisphere without irradiation. The median survival time of F98 transplanted rats was also examined. Results: X-ray irradiation promoted the secretion of cytokines such as TNFα, TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and CXCL12 from the irradiated brain. F98 glioma cells implanted in the irradiated brains showed significantly high proliferation and angiogenesis ability, and the post-irradiation F98 tumor-implanted rats showed a shorter median survival time compared to the Sham-irradiation group.Conclusions: These results indicate that the up-regulation of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis by radiotherapy could promote tumor proliferation. Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for malignant gliomas including glioblastoma multiforme, but the current study suggests that the microenvironment around the brain tissue in the chronic phase after exposure to X-ray radiation becomes suitable for glioma cell growth and invasion.
Evaluation of methane production from the anaerobic co-digestion of manure of guinea pig with lignocellulosic Andeans residues
Authors: Quelal Orlando Washinton Meneses , Velázquez-Martí Borja , Chavez Juan Gaibor , Ruiz Zulay Niño , Gisbert Andrés Ferrer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of guinea pig manure (CY) with Andean agricultural residues such as amaranth (AM), quinoa (QU) and wheat (TR) in batch biodigesters under mesophilic conditions (37⁰C) for 40 days. As microbial inoculum, sewage treatment sludge was used in two inoculum/substrate ratios (ISR of 1 and 2). In terms of methane production, the best results occurred in the treatments that contained AM and QU as co-substrate and an ISR of 2. Thus, the highest methane production occurred in the CY:AM biodigesters (25:75) and CY:QU (25:75) with 341.86 mlCH4/g VS and 341.05 mlCH4/g VS, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that methane production with an ISR of 2 was more feasible for guinea pig waste, where the methane fraction of the biogas generated was in a range of 57 and 69%. The kinetics of methane production from these raw materials was studied using five kinetic models: modified Gompertz, logistic equation, transfer, cone, and Richards. The cone model was the one that best adjusted the experimental values ​​with those observed with an r2 of 0.999 and an RMSE of 1.16 mlCH4/g VS. Finally, the highest biodegradability was obtained in the CY-AM biodigesters (25:75) with 67.92%.
Analysis of the Fee-to-Tax Reform on Water Resources in China
Authors: Chen Zi-rui , Nie Pu-yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Resource Tax Law has been officially implemented on September 1, 2020 in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. Methods: This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under an asymmetric duopoly with perfect information. Results: First, an analysis when all firms simultaneously respond to the water resource policy is conducted. The mechanisms of the two policies are different: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. It is shown that the tax works better than the fee for eliminating backward production capacity. Then, a comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. Conclusions: When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. Therefore, the “Fee-to-Tax” reform provides some benefits to maintain the environmental development of some water-mining or related industries.
Operational vibration of a waterjet focuser as means for monitoring its wear progression
Authors: Copertaro Edoardo , Perotti Francesco , Annoni Massimiliano 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Abrasive waterjet cutting is a competitive manufacturing technology in the aerospace, defense and automotive industries. End-user requirements are currently pushing machine builders to improve the automation of their processes, in an effort to reduce costs and downtimes, as well as increase robustness and stability. On this regard, the waterjet focuser is a critical component, as its fast wear progression requires constant human supervision, for promptly detecting detrimental effects on the cutting performance. This paper describes an innovative approach for in-line monitoring the wear progression of a waterjet focuser, by means of an accelerometer installed on its tip. This result is allowed by two separate studies of the focuser, of which the first investigates the sensitivity of its first mode frequency to the wear progression, whilst the second demonstrates the possibility of tracking said frequency from the in-line vibration signal delivered by the accelerometer, during operation. The presented setup makes use of low-cost sensing hardware that can be easily retrofitted into the design of waterjet focusers. The information delivered is expected to tackle end-user requirements for improved process automation.
Evaluation of ecological risk, source and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey
Authors: Apaydın Aylin , Kabaoğlu Hatice , Apaydın Gökhan , Şirin Murat , Cengiz Erhan , Köksal Oğuz Kağan , Baltaş Hasan , Tıraşoğlu Engin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present study, the concentration levels of heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb in sediment samples collected from 16 sampling locations in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions, Turkey was measured using energy dispersive X–ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF). Various pollution parameters and methods, such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo–accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (RI), and geo–spatial distribution patterns were used to assess in detail the pollution status, ecological risks and sources of metals in sediment. The mean concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb were found to be 565.38, 46,000, 34.38, 104.06, 109.88, 87.31, and 32.31 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb exceeded the crustal shale value, with the exception of Mn, Fe, Ni and Cr. According to the calculated pollution parameters, although minimal or moderate pollution was detected in the area investigated, it was determined that there was a very low ecological risk. Multivariate statistical analysis results showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb levels in the investigated region were slightly influenced by anthropogenic inputs such as mining and agricultural practices. In addition, the geo–spatial distributions of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb were found to be higher in this region due to the mining activities carried out in the Eastern Black Sea region.
Climatology and Trend of Tropical Cloud Cover Using Gridded Satellite (GridSat) Data
Authors: M Muhsin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Climatology and trend of different types of clouds over the tropics are studied using 22 year long (1998-2019) Gridded Satellite (GridSat) data. Brightness temperature in window and water vapor channel is used as the proxy for the cloud top altitude. Threshold and bispectral methods are used to classify clouds depending on their cloud top altitude. Clouds are classified into Low level clouds, Mid level clouds, Deep clouds, Very Deep clouds (VDC), and Semi Transparent Cirrus (STC) clouds. Climatology of the spatial distribution of each cloud type over the tropics is examined.Tropical mean of occurrence of different cloud types show a steady declining trend with a value of -0.18% /decade, -0.06% /decade, -2.12% /decade, -2.29% /decade for mid level clouds, deep clouds, STC, total clouds respectively. Low level cloud shows a steady increasing trend of 0.08% /decade. Interestingly, VDC shows a steady declining trend up to 2011, and thereafter it shows a significant increasing trend of 0.1% /decade. Though the spatial distribution of total cloud cover generally shows a negative trend, the Western equatorial Pacific Ocean, Indian subcontinent, Indian Ocean, and Saharan desert region show a positive trend. Though low level clouds show an increasing trend, the regions of abundant low clouds show a negative trend. VDC show a declining trend over the western Pacific region, whereas other prominent VDC regions show a positive trend.
Security management in smart home environment
Authors: Gladence Mary , V Maria Anu , S Revathy , P Jeyanthi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A Smart Home Environment (SHE) comprises various luxurious things which makes us very comfortable to live our lives happily and securely. The only problem that smart homes are facing is “SECURITY”. Security for smart homes is the biggest task to achieve. For this purpose, this work is to build a product that provides the security for the smart homes automatically when the crime is going to happen. In general case, if any crime had taken place in any smart home, the general procedure of investigation will take place i.e. the people will complain to the police and the police will visit the place and after that he will observe the surroundings clearly. In order to pull up the clues if any, he will watch the CCTV footage, consult the nearby people in-order to draw some facts and then FIR will be filed. In order to get rid of this time-consuming process, the automatic crime detection is proposed. Here malware practices are identified, when a person attempts crime activity. This type of automatic process of detection of crime will ensure a complete security for the smart homes. We will track the CCTV camera pictures when the thief is trying to commit a crime and the information along with the pictures will be sent to the fog server and the fog server will analyze whether the person is doing crime or not. In case if a fog server had identified the person as a crime person or a thief then it automatically sends the information to the near- by police station and as well as owners of the house and then provides security for the smart homes
Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and major constituents derived from Stachytarpheta indica Linn. leaves and their potential implications for wound healing
Authors: Agampodi Vajira Asela , Katavic Peter , Collet Christopher , Collet Trudi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wounds of various types continue to have a severe socioeconomic impact on the cost of health care. Globally, there has been increased interest surrounding the identification of bioactive compounds that promote or modulate the wound healing process. Stachytarpheta indica Linn. is traditionally used to heal wounds and relieve inflammation, however, the theorised pharmacological properties have not yet been scientifically validated. In this study, dried and ground plant leaves were extracted with water and methanol, which were then subjected to various analyses. Antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts and isolated compounds was determined using well diffusion assays, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined with a colorimetric assay. Morphological changes of human keratinocytes in response to plant extracts were observed with differential interference contrast microscope imaging. Cell viability, proliferation and migratory effects post-treatment with the plant extracts were also evaluated via colorimetric cytotoxicity assays and a real-time cell analyser protocol. Anti-inflammatory effects of plant extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated by flow cytometry and cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition assays. Three active compounds i.e. ipolamiide, verbascoside and iso-verbascoside, were isolated from S. indica leaves. Verbascoside demonstrated broad-range antibacterial activity and imposed strong inhibition at 9.77 μg/mL against Staphylococci spp. S. indica extracts (0.1-0.2 mg/mL) were shown to improve human keratinocyte proliferation up to 60 % and induce morphological changes by producing cytoplasmic projections at concentrations higher than 0.4 mg/mL. Plant extracts (6.25-100 μg/mL) and individual compounds (3.125-50 μg/mL) elicited strong anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the expression of interleukin-8 and inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes. Collectively, these results indicate that plant extracts and isolated compounds derived from S. indica have the potential to inhibit bacterial growth, promote tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation, hence, potentially providing the basis for a novel therapeutic for the treatment of wounds.
A scenario analysis of potential long-term impacts of COVID-19 on the Tunisian electricity sector
Authors: Gardumi Francesco , Mhiri Nesrine , Howells Mark , Bock Franziska , Necibi Thameur , Bouden Chiheb 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy of Tunisia, like that of many other countries. With electricity consumption dropping, consumption patterns changing, international fuel prices plummeting and uncertainty raging, the pandemic has affected not least the planning of investments in electricity supply. Although the government seems unlikely to revise the decarbonisation targets downwards, questions arise on whether the investments planned before the pandemic are still relevant in the changed global landscape and what effects they may have on the country’s economy.In this study, we analyse post-pandemic scenarios for the electricity supply system of Tunisia with an energy-economy modelling framework, soft-linking the energy modelling tool OSeMOSYS and an open source Input-Output model. We extract insights on the cost-competitiveness of different – previously planned and new – electricity supply solutions and their impacts on job creation and loss in the entire economy. We find that renewable solutions based on solar photovoltaic remain highly competitive with gas-fired generation under different projections of gas prices and that several low-carbon and energy efficiency solutions have high potential for job creation.