bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV positive patients in urine with hydrogel nanoparticles
Authors: Steinberg Hannah E. , Bowman Natalie M. , Diestra Andrea , Ferradas Cusi , Russo Paul , Clark Daniel E. , Zhu Deanna , Magni Ruben , Malaga Edith , Diaz Monica , Pinedo-Cancino Viviana , Ramal Asayag Cesar , Calderón Maritza , Carruthers Vern B. , Liotta Lance A. , Gilman Robert H. , Luchini Alessandra ,   the Toxoplasmosis working group in Peru and Bolivia
Published: March 2021

BackgroundDiagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is challenging under the best clinical circumstances. The poor clinical sensitivity of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) forToxoplasmain blood and CSF and the limited availability of molecular diagnostics and imaging technology leaves clinicians in resource-limited settings with few options other than empiric treatment.Methology/principle findingsHere we describe proof of concept for a novel urine diagnostics for TE using Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamide nanoparticles dyed with Reactive Blue-221 to concentrate antigens, substantially increasing the limit of detection. After nanoparticle-concentration, a standard western blotting technique with a monoclonal antibody was used for antigen detection. Limit of detection was 7.8pg/ml and 31.3pg/ml ofT.gondiiantigens GRA1 and SAG1, respectively. To characterize this diagnostic approach, 164 hospitalized HIV-infected patients with neurological symptoms compatible with TE were tested for 1)T.gondiiserology (121/147, positive samples/total samples tested), 2) qPCR in cerebrospinal fluid (11/41), 3) qPCR in blood (10/112), and 4) urinary GRA1 (30/164) and SAG1 (12/164). GRA1 appears to be superior to SAG1 for detection of TE antigens in urine. Fifty-one HIV-infected,T.gondiiseropositive but asymptomatic persons all tested negative by nanoparticle western blot and blood qPCR, suggesting the test has good specificity for TE for both GRA1 and SAG1. In a subgroup of 44 patients, urine samples were assayed with mass spectrometry parallel-reaction-monitoring (PRM) for the presence ofT.gondiiantigens. PRM identified antigens in 8 samples, 6 of which were concordant with the urine diagnostic.Conclusion/significancesOur results demonstrate nanoparticle technology’s potential for a noninvasive diagnostic test for TE. Moving forward, GRA1 is a promising target for antigen based diagnostics for TE.
Mediation
Authors: Allport Lesley A 
Published: March 2021

This article examines the place of mediation both internally and externally to the civil justice system. The growth of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and the culture of settlement within formal justice has somewhat absorbed mediation as a process by which to resolve disputes at the door of the court. Yet, it can be argued that its origins lie within the community setting where social norms have a distinct role to play and where collective as well as individual interests have a significant impact. This paper considers the application of mediation in a much wider sense than simply as a tool for settlement. It explores the concept of mediation as an educative process that supports the generation and advocation of social norms. Mediation can be understood as a form of self-regulation which relies on perceptions of fairness, justice and trust. In so doing, it can be argued that it provides a means of informal justice amounting to dispute prevention as far as its relationship to the justice system is concerned. Viewed in this way, mediation provides a genuine first choice as a means to address and resolve conflict rather than an alternative method by which to settle disputes.
Keywords: mediation; dispute resolution; dispute prevention; community norms; formal justice; informal justice; process pluralism; alternative; first choice.
Old Wines in New Bottles? Private Securities Litigation in China’s New Securities Law
Authors: Chen Ding 
Published: March 2021

Private securities litigation has been very weak since the establishment of China’s stock market some 30 years ago. A new law on securities took effect in March 2020 and introduces some reformist changes to this area. This article will examine the likely effect of the new Securities Law on this form of litigation. In particular, it will examine China’s most celebrated ‘quasi-class action’ system, i.e. Special Representative Litigation. This procedure is borrowed from Taiwan’s non-profit organization model. The essay argues that, since the new Securities Law has made only limited efforts in addressing the primary reason for the weak private securities litigation, namely, lack of judicial independence, it is unlikely to make any significant changes to private securities litigation in China.
Keywords: private securities litigation; securities law; class action; cost of litigation; judicial independence.
Miscarriages of Justice and the Construction of Criminality in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Mou Yu 
Published: March 2021

Another high-profile miscarriage of justice was reported recently by the media in China, highlighting widespread issues concerning torture and other police malpractices within the Chinese criminal justice system. Drawing from analysis in my book on the Construction of Guilt in China, this Note outlines the key drawbacks of the Chinese criminal process which contribute to wrongful convictions, namely that none of the legal institutions exhibits the autonomy to check the credibility of the evidence impartially. Alongside the problems caused by miscarriages of justice, they are also indicative of the symptoms of a weak criminal justice system, thereby opening up opportunities for future reforms.
Keywords: miscarriages of justice; China; criminal justice; case construction.
Generalized Birch lemma and the 2-part of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for certain elliptic curves
Authors: Shu Jie , Zhai Shuai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, we generalize the celebrated classical
lemma of Birch and Heegner on quadratic twists of elliptic curves over

ℚ

{{\mathbb{Q}}}

. We prove the existence of explicit infinite families of quadratic twists with analytic ranks 0 and 1 for a large class of elliptic curves, and use Heegner points to explicitly construct rational points of infinite order on the twists of rank 1. In addition, we show that these families of quadratic twists satisfy the 2-part of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture when the original curve does. We also prove a new result in the direction of the Goldfeld conjecture.
Gerotranscendence and humor styles: the mediating role of generativity and wisdom
Authors: Brudek Paweł Jan , Płudowska Martyna , Steuden Stanisława , Sękowski Andrzej 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to investigate whether generativity and wisdom played a mediating role in the relationships between gerotranscendence and humor styles among people in late adulthood. The study included 399 participants aged 60–85 years. The following measures were used: Gerotranscendence Scale Type 2 (GST2), Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS), and the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS). The analyses revealed that generativity and wisdom, taken together, were mediators in the relationship between gerotranscendence and the four styles of humor in late adulthood. The results of the survey show that gerotranscendence is a factor that protects individuals against the use of aggressive humor, at the same time predisposing them to using humor that expresses self-acceptance and strengthens interpersonal relations. An interesting result was obtained for self-defeating humor. It was shown that gerotranscendence, by increasing generativity and wisdom, increases the tendency to poke fun at oneself and to talk about one’s own weaknesses or mistakes. This tendency, as suggested by the specific character of the relationships observed, does not have to be non-adaptive. Our results demonstrate that the processes related to the shaping of humor among people in late adulthood have a unique nature.
Vagueness, Identity, and the Dangers of a General Metaphysics in Archaeology
Authors: Ribeiro Artur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArchaeology is currently bound to a series of metaphysical principles, one of which claims that reality is composed of a series of discrete objects. These discrete objects are fundamental metaphysical entities in archaeological science and posthumanist/New Materialist approaches and can be posited, assembled, counted, and consequently included in quantitative models (e.g. Big Data, Bayesian models) or network models (e.g. Actor-Network Theory). The work by Sørensen and Marila shows that archaeological reality is not that discrete, that some objects cannot be easily identified, and that perhaps reality is not always necessarily composed of discrete objects. The aim of this article is to take Sørensen and Marila’s arguments to their ultimate logical consequences: most archaeological theory today operates underthe illusion of a general metaphysics. This illusion dictates not only that all of reality is composed of discrete objects, but that since reality manifests in a certain way, there has to be a methodology that accurately represents that reality. A brief discussion on the notion of “conjecture,” as conceived in certain historical theories, is also presented.
The Production of Precarity in Denmark’s Asylum Regime
Authors: Lindberg Annika 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The special issue discusses the intersections between social welfare and migration control, as well as how stratified access to welfare services is used to govern ‘unwanted’ groups. This article explores these intersections in Denmark’ deterrence-oriented asylum policy regime, analysing the discourses and practices whereby people seeking protection are constructed as ‘undeserving’ poor. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in different sites of enforcement of Denmark’s asylum regime as well as interviews with street-level workers and people who sought asylum in Denmark, I trace how the Danish deterrence approach operates through the production of poverty and precarity among people seeking protection in asylum reception camps, deportation-oriented integration programmes, and finally, deportation camps. I show how the Danish welfare state, as a result of the merging of external and internal bordering practices, produces a condition of precarity and (non)deportability that extends from the asylum camps to those awarded temporary protection status. Hence, while the deterrence-oriented Danish policy regime has not proven ‘effective’ from the point of view of immigration control, it has served to reinforced a dualised, hierarchically ordered welfare rights’ regime that gradually erodes the rights and life opportunities of unwanted noncitizen ‘others’.
At the intersection of immigration and welfare governance in the United States: State, county and frontline levels and clients’ perspectives
Authors: Lanfranconi Lucia M. , Chang Yu-Ling , Basaran Ayda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The U.S welfare reform of 1996 restricted the eligibility of immigrants and introduced a punitive and devolved workfare system. While previous studies explained state variation in the welfare eligibility rules for immigrants, few studies have examined the intersection of immigration and welfare governance within a state. We choose the Californian welfare-to-work (WTW) program as a case, most likely to be inclusive to immigrants. Analyzing statistics, documents, and interviews at the state, county, and frontline levels, however, we also reveal multiple exclusionary mechanisms at various policy levels, such as complicated processes and insufficient translations. Our analysis of immigrant clients’ interviews helps to understand why many immigrants decide not to apply for welfare and how even WTW participants with an immigration background experience fear and are especially vulnerable to unfair treatments. Thus, the implementation of the punitive workfare regime along with the restrictive immigration regime can contradict the aim of WTW-policy to lead families in poverty to selfsufficiency.
Governing Young Poor in Switzerland and Reinforcing Their Work Ethics
Authors: Bochsler Yann 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present research deals with the policies directed at young adults on social assistance (YAS) without vocational training and the way implementers themselves as well as the YAS perceive policy implementation. In Switzerland, a currently on-going strategic shift in the policy field of welfare and youth policies has renewed emphasis on vocational education and training (VET) as a first and primary integration step. This policy shift has implications for the socio-political alignment of the cantonal administration. As a guideline, the renewed emphasis on “education first” dictates an approach that follows an economic and paternalistic logic. Building on collected data within cantonal administrations (Basel-City and Geneva) and encounters with YAS, this paper discusses the underlying narratives of these policies and their moral justification patterns.
Internal communications and goal achievement: The CEO’s perspective
Authors: Chen Rita 
Published: March 2021

By effectively utilizing internal communications, CEOs are able to influence organizational culture and communications, inspire employee loyalty and engagement, and build brand image at both company and personal levels. In fact, some scholars believe that the CEO is more responsible for fostering forthright, transparent internal communications than the organization’s actual communications function. CEOs who are successful in promoting internal communications can positively influence organizational stakeholder relationships and better achieve their strategic goals.
Through interviews with five CEOs, this paper determined that two-way internal communications was regarded by senior leadership as being necessary for organizational cohesiveness, strategy development, strategic reputation management, boundary spanning, and preemptive problem prevention. The CEOs interviewed also considered it their responsibility to model and nurture internal communications and regarded the function as contributing to the achievement of their organization’s strategic goals.

Keywords: internal communications, IABC Excellence Theory, CEO, senior leadership, goal achievement
Acute Effects of Combining Dynamic Stretching and Vibration Foam Rolling Warm-up on Lower-Limb Muscle Performance and Functions in Female Handball Players
Authors: Chen Che-Hsiu , Chiu Chih-Hui , Tseng Wei-Chin , Wu Chun-Yen , Su Hsi-Hsun , Chang Chien-KM , Ye Xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chen, CH, Chiu, CH, Tseng, WC, Wu, CY, Su, HH, Chang, CK, and Ye, X. Acute effects of combining dynamic stretching and vibration foam rolling warm-up on lower-limb muscle performance and functions in female handball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1277–1283, 2023—The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of 3 warm-up protocols on knee flexor and extensor muscles performance in elite female collegiate handball players. Ten female handball players with poor hamstring flexibility completed 3 randomly sequenced experimental visits. During each visit, a different warm-up protocol (general running warm-up [GW], dynamic stretching [DS], or DS combined with vibration foam rolling [DS + VR]) was delivered before the subsequent tests: quadriceps and hamstring muscle stiffness, knee extension and flexion range of motion (ROM), knee joint position sense, knee extension and flexion isokinetic strength with hamstring-quadriceps strength ratio, and muscle endurance during fatiguing exercise. Relative to the GW, the DS + VR protocol resulted in significantly greater knee flexion ROM (mean ± SD: DS + VR = 79.4° ± 7.7°; GW = 69.3° ± 9.6°) and lower hamstring muscle stiffness (DS + VR = 253.33 ± 36.20 N·m−1; GW = 292.89 ± 24.28 N·m−1). In addition, the DS + VR protocol also yielded greater hamstring muscle endurance than the other 2 protocols did (fatigue percentage: DS + VR = 30.24% ± 10.84%; GW = 41.40% ± 8.98%; DS = 42.22% ± 9.42%). Therefore, the results of this experiment suggest that it can be more beneficial for the female handball players to warm-up with the DS + VR, rather than the GW and DS protocols.
Enhancing High-Intensity Actions During a Basketball Game After a Strength Training Program With Random Recovery Times Between Sets
Authors: Arede Jorge , Leite Nuno , Tous-Fajardo Julio , Bishop Chris , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Arede, J, Leite, N, Tous-Fajardo, J, Bishop, C, and Gonzalo-Skok, O. Enhancing high-intensity actions during a basketball game after a strength training program with random recovery times between sets. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1989–1997, 2022—To examine the effects of a strength training program with random recovery times between sets in consideration of several physical parameters, high-intensity actions, and spatial exploration index during a simulated basketball game. Twenty male basketball players (age: 19.45 ± 4.36 years) were assigned randomly to either strength training group (n = 10) or control group (n = 10). The strength training included parallel back squat and bench press exercises, twice a week for the duration of 10 weeks, with 2 blocks of 5 sets × 5 repetitions interspersed with variable passive recovery (range = 15–35 seconds) between sets, and constant passive recovery (3 minutes) between blocks with the load that maximized propulsive power output. The pre- and posttest assessments included jumping (bilateral and unilateral), change of direction, straight sprinting, and a 5-on-5 full-court situation. The external training load was assessed using the local positioning system, and the internal load was recorded with the use of individual heart rate monitors. A significant interaction effect (group × time) was observed on countermovement jump, unilateral right hops, high-intensity accelerations and decelerations, and peak accelerations and decelerations in the 5-on-5 full-court situation. Relative improvements observed and recorded in the training group on unilateral right hops, accelerations, and decelerations were correlated. Similar results were observed on 0- to 25-m sprints, high-intensity decelerations, peak accelerations, and decelerations. Strength training paired with random recovery times enhanced physical and game-related aspects in the observed basketball players.
V̇o 2peak Comparison of a Treadmill Vs. Cycling Protocol in Elite Teenage Competitive Runners, Cyclists, and Swimmers
Authors: Marko David , Bahenský Petr , Snarr Ronald L. , Malátová Renata 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Marko, D, Bahenský, P, Snarr, RL, and Malátová, R. V̇o
2peak Comparison of a treadmill vs. cycling protocol in elite teenage competitive runners, cyclists, and swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2875–2882, 2022—The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) on a treadmill and cycle ergometer in elite-level, youth competitive athletes. Thirty-one athletes (11 distance runners, 11 mountain-bike cyclists, and 9 long-distance swimmers) were randomly selected to complete either a running or cycling GXT on the first day, followed by the alternative 72 hours apart. The initial work rate for each GXT was set at 50% of the individuals' previously established V̇o
2peak to elicit fatigue within 8–12 minutes. For the treadmill protocol, speed was increased by 1 km·h−1 each minute, with a constant 5% grade, until volitional fatigue. Cycle ergometer work rate was increased by 30 W every minute until volitional fatigue or the inability to maintain proper cadence (i.e., 100 ± 5 rev·min−1). Throughout both testing sessions, V̇o
2peak, heart rate [HR] peak, breathing frequency (BF), tidal volume (VT), and minute ventilation (VE) were assessed and used to compare within-sport differences. Runners displayed a higher V̇o
2peak (∼7%; d = 0.92), HRpeak (4%; d = 0.77), VE (6%; d = 0.66), and BF (12%; d = 0.62) on the treadmill vs. cycle. However, the cycling group demonstrated a greater V̇o
2peak (∼8%; d = 0.92), VT (∼14%; d = 0.99), and VE (∼9%; d = 0.78) on the cycle, despite no change in HRpeak. For swimmers, the treadmill GXT elicited higher values in V̇o
2peak (∼5%; d = 0.75), BF (∼11.5%; d = 0.78), and HRpeak (3%; d = 0.69). Collectively, these findings indicate that exercise mode may greatly affect physiological outcome variables and should be considered before exercise prescription and athletic monitoring.
Corpos estranhos, ou incompreensões da fé. Uma história religiosa sentimental: o caso do Pe. João Batista da Mota Veloso (Vila da Cachoeira – RS, Séc. XIX.).
Authors: Pacheco Henrique Melati 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as potencialidades da utilização de um documento eclesiástico como fonte de reflexões para temática das sensibilidades religiosas brasileiras oitocentistas. Para tal, utilizo uma correspondência, enviada em 1851, assinada pelo Padre Católico Secular: João Batista da Mota Veloso (1818 – 1882), destinada ao Governo da Província do Rio Grande do Sul. A investigação seguiu modelos metodológicos da História Social, recorrendo ao método da busca onomástica, a reconstrução de micro-trajetórias, e aos jogos de escala. Assim, devido ao ineditismo deste tipo de aporte teórico-metodológico e documental, leremos uma microanálise do “texto-chave” da correspondência. O resultado da investigação, por fim, fomenta discussões sobre alguns conceitos e contextos que se referem à história religiosa brasileira oitocentista.Palavras-chave: João Batista da Mota Veloso; Sensibilidades; Conflitos religiosos; Cachoeira do Sul. AbstractThis paper intends to analyze the potential uses of an ecclesiastical document as a source of reflections on the theme of 19th-century Brazilian religious sensibilities. To this aim, I use a correspondence, sent in 1851, signed by the Secular Catholic Father: João Batista da Mota Veloso (1818 - 1882), addressed to the Government of the Province of Rio Grande do Sul. The investigation followed theoretical and methodological models of Social History, using the method of onomastic search, the reconstruction of micro-trajectories, and games of scale. Thus, due to the unprecedented nature of this type of theoretical, methodological, and documentary contribution, we will read a microanalysis of the “key text” of correspondence. The result of the investigation, finally, fosters discussions about some concepts and contexts concerning to 19th-century Brazilian religious history.Keywords: João Batista da Mota Veloso; Sensibilities; Religious conflicts; Cachoeira do Sul.