bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel magnetic field system: Application to micropropagation of Phalaenopsis Gallant Beau ′George Vazquez′
Authors: Van Pham T , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Tanaka Michio 
Published: June 2021

This is the first study with the purpose of creating a new system for moderate permanent magnetic fields (MF) which is simple, safe, easy to set up and saves space in a tissue culture room or greenhouse. We applied this system to investigate the effects of different MF intensities (0.1 Tesla (T), 0.15 T and 0.2 T) and different durations of exposure to 0.15 T MF, at both North (N) and South (S) poles on the micropropagation of Phalaenopsis Gallant Beau ‘George Vazquez’ at 2 development stages: protocorm‐like bodies (PLBs) proliferation and shoot development. The control exposed to naturally occurring geo‐MF and not to any induced MF. The MF of 0.1 T ‐ S resulted in the greatest fresh weight of regenerated PLBs and also the greatest influence on specific Phalaenopsis plantlet growth parameters: maximum leaf length, root length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, and leaf width. The S pole of MF had stronger effects on Phalaenopsis PLBs proliferation than the N pole did in all treatments.Constant exposure to a MF of 0.15 T for 3 months, independent of polarity, significantly enhanced the development of plantlets when compared with the shorter duration of exposed plants (i.e. 1, 2 months). The longer duration of exposure to an MF of 0.15 T (7 weeks vs. 2 weeks), regardless of the polarity, resulted in greater biomass of newly formed PLBs and smaller average number of newly formed PLBs.The results obtained in this study indicate that MFs have the potential to be applied in practical plant culture room for fundamental physiological studies.
Effects of Lifelong Endurance Exercise on Cardiovascular Response to Orthostatic Stress in The Elderly Athletes
Authors: Fujimoto Naoki , Carrick-Ranson Graeme , Bhella Paul S , Hastings Jeffrey L , Shibata Shigeki , Palmer Dean , Benjamin Levine D 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundYoung endurance athletes have a greater decrease in stroke volume (SV) during orthostatic stress than age‐matched controls, due to a more compliant left ventricle (LV). Elderly athletes with lifelong training (EA) also have more compliant LV compared to elderly controls (C). However, it is unclear if the decrease in SV during orthostatic stress is greater in EA relative to C.MethodsFifty five subjects (EA 27, C 28) underwent right heart catheterization to measure pulmonary capillary wedge (PCWP) and right atrial (RAP) pressures, and SV at baseline and −15 and −30 mmHg lower body negative pressures (LBNP). To minimize the effect of external constraint on the LV, transmural pressure (TMP), which is the true preload for the LV, was calculated as PCWP‐RAP.ResultsAt baseline, SV index was larger in EA than C. PCWP appeared to be lower in EA, while TMP was similar between EA and C (3.4±1.4 vs. 3.5±1.4 mmHg, p=0.87). LBNP similarly lowered PCWP and TMP in EA and C (interaction p ≥ 0.56), while a greater decrease in SV index from baseline was observed in EA than C at −30 mmHg LBNP (17 vs. 12 ml/m2, p <0.01).ConclusionTMP was similarly regulated in EA and C at all loading conditions. EA had greater decrease in SV during orthostatic stress, probably due to a more compliant LV. Thus, similar to young athletes, EA may be more susceptible to orthostatic intolerance.
Effects of prior endurance exercise on postprandial lipemia‐induced changes in circulating angiogenic cytokines in young men
Authors: Landers-Ramos Rian Quinn , Jenkins Nathan T , Spangenburg Espen E , Hagberg James M , Prior Steven J 
Published: June 2021

We examined the effect of prior endurance exercise on plasma angiogenic cytokine responses to a high fat meal as these may contribute to pathologic angiogenesis in atherosclerosis. Blood samples were obtained from 10 healthy men at baseline and 4 h postprandial with or without ~50 min of endurance exercise at 70% of VO2max the day before. Plasma levels of VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble VEGF receptor (sFlt‐1) were measured by multiplex ELISA. Postprandial lipemia (PPL) significantly increased VEGF (~23%, P<0.05) in each group (with and without prior exercise) as well as bFGF with (45%, P<0.05) and without prior exercise (56%, P<0.05). PlGF level decreased by 11% (P<0.05) in the control trial but this effect of PPL was absent with prior exercise. sFlt‐1 level decreased (12%, P<0.05) in the control trial but this difference was reduced to only a 4% decrease with prior exercise (P>0.05). These findings indicate that PPL increases plasma VEGF and bFGF regardless of prior endurance exercise; however, PPL‐induced decreases in PlGF and sFlt‐1 were present only without prior endurance exercise. We speculate that prior exercise may reduce the pro‐atherogenic effects of PPL by attenuating the PPL‐induced changes in PlGF and sFLT‐1 to potentially inhibit pathological angiogenesis.Supported by NIH AGT3200068 and the American College of Sports Medicine Foundation.
Carbonic Anhydrase XIV Bound to and Increases the AE3‐mediated Cl−/HCO3− Exchange Activity in the Hypertrophic Heart
Authors: Alvarez Bernardo V. , Vargas Lorena A. 
Published: June 2021

AE3fl and AE3c anion exchangers catalyze Cl−/HCO3−exchange across cardiomyocyte sarcolemma, to regulate cardiac contractility. AE1 and AE3 proteins associate with carbonic anhydrases (CAII and CAIV), forming a HCO3− transport metabolon (BTM), regulating cardiomyocytes intracellular pH (pHi). Transmembrane CAXIV is also expressed in the myocardium. AE3/CAXIV physical association was examined by coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) using mouse heart lysates. Both AE3fl and AE3c were IP using anti‐CAXIV Ab, indicating AE3fl‐AE3c/CAXIV interaction in the myocardium. CoIP experiments on heart lysates from an ae3−/− null mouse, failed to pull‐down AE3 with the CAXIV Ab. AE1 protein was also IP by CAXIV Ab from heart lysates. Functional association of AE3fl and CAXIV was examined in hypertrophic rat cardiomyocytes (HRC), monitoring pHi by epifluorescence. HRC presented elevated AE‐mediated Cl−/HCO3−exchange activity compared to normal cardiomyocytes (7.5±1.3 versus 2.9±0.1 mM/min, n=4–6); accompanied by twofold increase of CAXIV protein expression in hypertrophic hearts (HH) (n=11). Benzolamide, a CA‐inhibitor, neutralized the stimulatory effect of extracellular CA on AE3 transport activity (3.7±1.5, n=3), in the HH. CAXIV/AE3 interaction constitutes an extracellular component of a BTM. Increased CAXIV expression and consequent AE3/CAXIV complex formation would render AE3 hyperactive in the HH.Supported by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT2007 01011, SECyT, Argentina)
Exercise blood pressures are lower after aquatic compared to land treadmill training
Authors: Crouse Stephen F , Lambert Brad S , Greene Nicolas P , Constanzo Travis W , Martin Steven E 
Published: June 2021

We tested blood pressure responses to the Bruce treadmill protocol PRE and POST 12‐wks of matched volume training on a land treadmill (LTM, n= 9♂,13♀, age=43±3 yrs, weight=88.1±3.6 kg) or aquatic treadmill (ATM, n=18♂, 17♀, age=45±2 yrs, weight=90.6±3.0 kg). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were analyzed using a 2 (ATM or LTM) x 2 (PRE & POST) ANOVA repeated for the training time at rest, 3 stages of the exercise protocol, and 1 and 5 minutes of recovery; Tukeyˈs post hoc tests were used as follow‐up for significant interactions, α=0.05. VO2max increased significantly 11–15% with training in both groups. Significant training changes for MAP shown in Table (mmHg, mean±SE); SBP and PP paralleled these results. Significance remained after covarying for BMI, %body fat, and age.Data suggest ATM may provide superior benefits over LTM for promoting reductions in exercise blood pressure.Funding provided by HydroWorx International, Inc.
Prevalence of fracture and low bone mineral density in competitive road cyclists
Authors: METGHALCHI SHIVA , Medelli Jean , Campion Frédéric , Karlsson Magnus , Nevill Alan , Leslie Bill , Cordero-MacIntyre Zaida 
Published: June 2021

Low bone density is considered a risk factor for fracture. Recent studies have shown that competitive road cyclists have significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) than matched controls.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between BMD and fracture in competitive cyclists.MethodThis was a case‐control study design including 101 professional road cyclists as cases and 30 healthy males as controls.ResultsThe age‐adjusted relative risk of fracture in cyclists was 4.24 (P = 0.002). Cyclists had lower BMD Z‐scores at the femur (−0.8 SD 0.95, P < 0.001), lumbar (−0.9 SD 0.75, P < 0.001), and radius UD (−0.5 SD 1.1, P = 0.063) compared to controls. Amongst professional cyclists, 53% had a low lumbar BMD (−1.54 SD 0.35) while the proportion was 32% in elite (−1.49 SD 0.49) and 13% in controls. The number of fracture in cyclists was significantly though weakly correlated with Femoral neck BMD (r = −0.28, P = 0.02).ConclusionWhile a high prevalence of fracture could be observed in competitive road cyclists as well as a widespread low BMD especially among professional cyclists, no clear relationship could be detected between fracture and low BMD in these well trained endurance athletes.
MCP‐1 −/− Mice Show Blunted Inflammatory Cytokine Response and Improved Recovery Following Exercise‐Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Gordon Benjamin Thomas , McClellan Jamie , Murphy E. Angela , Carmichael Martin D. , Davis J. Mark 
Published: June 2021

The body's inflammatory response to eccentric‐biased exercise in both brain and muscle contributes to impaired performance recovery. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1) is essential in the release of inflammatory mediators, but its role in exercise‐induced muscle damage has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of MCP‐1 on brain and muscle inflammation following a novel bout of downhill running. C57BL/6 (n=24) and MCP‐1−/− mice (n=24), 8 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of six groups: downhill runner wild type (DH‐WT), uphill runner wild type (UH‐WT), sedentary wild type (WT), downhill runner MCP‐1−/− (DH‐MCP‐1−/−), uphill runner MCP‐1−/− (UH‐MCP‐1−/−), and sedentary MCP‐1−/− (MCP‐1−/−). The mice were run on a treadmill at −/+14% grade and 22m/min, for 150 min. Mice were sacrificed at 24h post downhill run, and the brain and gastrocnemius muscle (G) were dissected and analyzed for IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and F4/80 mRNA using RT‐PCR. Gene expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α was increased in the cerebellum, cortex and G in DH‐WT relative to WT (p<0.05), whereas DH‐MCP‐1−/− was not different from WT. A similar effect was observed for F4/80 but this reached statistical significance in G only (p<0.05). No differences were found in any other groups. These data support a necessary role for MCP‐1 following exercise‐induced muscle damage.Supported by a grant from NASA and ACSM.
Effect of Bepridil in postfatigue tension of slow fibers of skeletal muscle
Authors: Vázquez-Rivera Dolores , Montoya-Pérez Rocío , Trujillo Xóchitl , Huerta Miguel , Sánchez-Duarte Elizabeth , Cortés-Rojo Christian , Meza-Carmen Victor , Saavedra-Molina Alfredo 
Published: June 2021

Fatigue is conceived as a reduction in physical strength or a reduction in the maintenance of energy production (Allen et al. 2008). KATP channels were described in 1983 by Noma; these channels monitored the intracellular levels of ATP and regulate the excitability of the membrane (Kristensen et al. 2006, Tricarico. 2010). Mitochondrial KATP channels were identified in the mitochondrial inner membrane by Inoue et al. 1991, they play a central role in ischemic pre‐conditioning process, and therefore it is in our interest to study the effect of Bepridil, during post‐fatigue, due to induces mitochondrial swelling and consequently the maintenance of energy production during a period demand of it.Anterior Latissimus Dorsi (ALD) muscles were obtained of chickens, between 1 and 3 weeks old. The muscle was mounted on an experimental recording chamber by placing the proximal end to the bottom of the chamber and the distal end to the hook mechanoelectric transducer (Grass FT03), which through an amplifier and a 320 CyberAmp analog‐digital interface (Digidata 1322A) allowed to acquire by a computer (Pentium 4) the muscle tension generated, date was process with the sofware AXOTAPE (pCLAMP 9.2). Electrical stimulation induced fatigue (pulses of 100 V, 300 ms duration, frequency of 0.2 Hz). The bundle was stimulated until the force decreased by 70 %, then applied Bepridil (1, 10 and 100 μM) for 6 min to observe its effect. We obtained a dose‐response curves of Bepridil, with greater effect at 10 μM over 300 % (p= 0.04 for peak tension and p=0.008 for total tension).
Inflammation Causes Important Changes in Stomach Tight Junction Structure and Function
Authors: Hagen Susan J , Zhang Songhua , Seo Ji Hye , Fox James G. 
Published: June 2021

Little is known about the role of inflammation in tight junction regulation during Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. We thus examined the role of cytokines in gastric barrier function.MethodsCultured gastric chief cells were incubated with IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL1‐β individually or as a cytomix. Transepithelial resistance (TER) and paracellular permeability were determined without or with specific inhibitors to block IL1‐β receptor‐mediated signaling pathways. Western blots and immunostaining were done using specific antibodies. B6/129 mice infected with HP were used to verify the culture results in a mouse cancer model.ResultsCytomix significantly reduced TER and increased paracellular permeability by IL1‐β signaling through p38 MAPK but not other IL1‐induced pathways. Cytomix exposure affected the expression of two important tight junction claudins; claudin18 was completely attenuated and claudin7 was highly up‐regulated. This claudin18/claudin7 “switch” also occurred in tissues from HP‐infected mice.ConclusionsInflammation‐induced IL1 signaling through p38 MAPK causes barrier defects in cultured gastric cells. In particular, claudin18, which is barrier‐forming, is attenuated by IL1 signaling. These data suggest that during inflammation, IL1 regulates the composition and function of tight junctions in stomach. This work was supported by NIH DK015681 and by Departmental funding.
The ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase protects colonocytes from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Frey Mark R , Bernard Jessica K 
Published: June 2021

The ErbB4 tyrosine kinase is highly expressed in colitis. In cell culture, its overexpression blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐induced colonocyte apoptosis, suggesting that induction in disease may be protective. In this study, we used the ErbB4‐specific ligand neuregulin‐4 (NRG4) to activate the receptor and define its role in cell survival.METHODSMouse colon epithelial cells expressing ErbB4 (MCE‐ErbB4) were exposed to TNF +/− NRG4. 6–8 week‐old C57Bl/6 mice were given TNF +/− NRG4 by i.p. injection. Cell counts in vitro were determined by MTS assay; signaling and apoptosis were assessed by western blot of cell lysates and mucosal scrapings or immunohistochemical analysis of formalin‐fixed tissue. Src and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) were inhibited with PP2 and LY294002, respectively.RESULTSNRG4 blocked TNF‐induced caspase‐3 cleavage and cell death in vitro (cell loss reduced by 64.8%; p<0.03), and inhibited TNF‐induced apoptosis (assessed by caspase‐3 cleavage) in vivo by 71% (p<0.05). NRG4‐treated MCE‐ErbB4 cells and colonic mucosal scrapings from NRG4‐injected mice showed elevated Akt and Src activation. In vitro inhibition of Src or PI3K reversed NRG4's protective effects on MCE‐ErbB4 cells.CONCLUSIONSErbB4 activation by NRG4 promotes colonocyte survival both in vitro and in vivo, likely through a Src‐ and PI3K‐dependent pathway. Exogenous NRG4 may be therapeutic for colitis.
Effects of whole walnuts and walnut components on postprandial triglyceride response, plasma measures of antioxidant activity, and endothelial function in overweight and obese adults
Authors: Berryman Claire E , West Sheila G , Grieger Jessica A , Blumberg Jeffrey B , Kris-Etherton Penny M 
Published: June 2021

Walnuts beneficially affect endothelial function and oxidative stress. Mechanisms specific to walnut components are not known. We evaluated acute, postprandial effects of walnut components [separated nut skins (5.6 g), de‐fatted nutmeat (34 g), and nut oil (51 g)] versus whole walnuts (85 g) on metabolic parameters. Overweight/obese adults (9 women/6 men) with moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomized to a 4‐period crossover study design. There was a treatment by time interaction (P < 0.01) for TG. Post hoc tests showed that oil increased TG versus nutmeat and skins at 120 min and 240 min versus skins; the whole nut increased TG versus skins at 120 min and 240 min (P < 0.01 for all). Ferric reducing antioxidant power was different between nutmeat and oil and nutmeat and skins (P < 0.01 for both). Skins decreased the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) versus baseline (P < 0.01), and oil improved RHI versus skins (P < 0.01). For the Framingham RHI (fRHI), oil was greater than skins and the whole nut (P < 0.01 for both). For the oil treatment, ex vivo cholesterol efflux correlated with RHI and fRHI (r = 0.35, P = 0.07; r = 0.39, P = 0.04). There were no differences in total thiols or malondialdehyde. Walnut oil improved endothelial function compared to the skins, and these changes were associated with improved reverse cholesterol transport. Measurement timing, extraction method, and/or bioavailability may help explain these effects.Grant Funding Source: California Walnut Commission and the GCRC, PSU (NIH grant M01RR10732); ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00938340
Whole‐grain intake and risk of all‐cause mortality among elderly men and women: the Cache, County Study on Memory, Health and Aging
Authors: Wengreen Heidi , Quach Anna , Cutler Adele , Munger Ronald , Corcoran Christopher 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study examines associations between whole‐grain consumption and all‐cause mortality among elderly men and women of the Cache County Study on Memory, Health and Aging.DesignParticipants were 3624 men and women 65 years of age or older who were living in Cache County, Utah in 1995. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and survey of health‐related behaviors. Proportional hazards survival analyses were used to assess the associations between increasing quintile (Q) of whole‐grain intake and risk of death by any cause. Covariates included age, gender, body mass index, level of physical activity, history of smoking and vascular disease, and incidence of dementia.ResultsOver a 12‐year‐follow‐up period, increasing whole‐grain intake was inversely associated with total mortality. The relative hazards of death for Q2‐5 of whole grain intake compared to Q1 were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.94), 0.80 (0.69, 0.94), 0.77 (0.66, 0.90), and 0.72 (0.62, 0.85), respectively (P = 0.0009).ConclusionIn this population study of elderly men and women, consuming in the highest quintile of whole‐grain intake was associated with almost a 30% lower risk of death compared to the lowest quintile. The findings suggest a potential health benefit of whole‐grain intake among elderly men and women.
Serum and red blood cell folate status of New Zealanders: results from a national nutrition survey
Authors: Bradbury Kathryn , Skeaff Clark , Williams Sheila , Mann Jim , Brown Rachel , Parnell Winsome 
Published: June 2021

Folic acid consumed peri‐conceptionally reduces the risk of neural tube defect‐affected pregnancies. The objective of this research was to assess the folate status of a nationally representative sample of New Zealand adults, 15 y or older, prior to the introduction of mandatory folic acid fortification of bread scheduled for 2012.Serum and red blood cell folate concentrations were measured microbiologically in non‐fasting blood samples collected from 3348 participants in the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey.In total, 1.6% (95%CI: 1.1, 2.2) of participants had serum folate concentrations less than 6.8 nmol/L, and 2.2% (1.4, 2.9) of participants had red blood cell folate concentrations less than 317 nmol/L indicative of deficiency. Mean (95%CI) red blood cell folate concentration amongst women aged 16 to 44 y was 796 nmol/L (758, 834); 27.4% (23.0, 31.7) had red blood cell folate concentrations ≥ 906 nmol/L.The prevalence of biochemical folate deficiency was low. However, more than two thirds of women of child‐bearing age had folate status associated with higher risk of neural tube defect‐affected pregnancies. Mandatory fortification of bread with folic acid is likely to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects in New Zealand.Source of Funding: The Ministry of Health, New Zealand, funded the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey.
Age and nutritional status influence peripheral immune cell phenotypes in healthy men in rural Pakistan
Authors: Alam Iftikhar , Pawelec Graham 
Published: June 2021

Immune status is influenced by age and malnutrition. How these factors interact in developing countries and whether age‐associated differences are similar to those determined in industrialized countries is unclear, and were therefore, investigated in this study.Peripheral blood immune cell phenotypes were analyzed by polychromatic flow cytometry in young and elderly subjects. Data on anthropometrics and diet were collected through interviews. Plasma samples were analyzed for common clinical chemistry variables.As a group, elderly had a significantly lower CD4:CD8 ratio, a lower percentage of CD8+ naïve T cells and significantly higher late‐differentiated memory cells. These results were broadly similar to those in industrialized countries. Subjects in 4 BMI categories revealed an influence of nutritional status on immune parameters. This was greater within the young group, and unlike age, affected the CD4 subset more profoundly than the CD8 subset. No age‐ or nutrition‐associated differences were seen in B or NK cells. CD8+ cells as a percentage of CD3+ T cells were positively associated with plasma CRP levels but not other factors.We conclude that immune profiles in younger and older men in a developing country seem broadly similar to the more extensively‐documented state reported in industrialized countries, despite the marked societal, nutritional and many other differences.The study was funded by the German Academic Exchange Program (DAAD), and EU FP7 contract 259679 “IDEAL”…….Grant Funding Source: ASN
No ‘I’ in Anatomy: Group Cadaveric Dissection
Authors: Kour Louis , Cassidy Ethan , Roth Jeremy , Wilson Timothy D 
Published: June 2021

With the advent of new teaching technologies, gross anatomical education has come under heavy scrutiny. Much of the research focuses on quantitative outcomes; content‐related post‐tests are often the metric for comparison. However, there is a paucity of research surrounding the social nature of interpersonal interaction pertaining to learning around a cadaver. Using a case‐study approach, we will begin to explore the social nature of the cadaver laboratory. The roles filled by students around the dissection table are of special interest. Four random second‐year undergraduate Kinesiology lab groups (n=20) were observed over a nine‐week period during routine labs. Observations were made using recorded video and observational field notes. Participants were also invited to an interview to explore pertinent observations further. Through systematic analysis, we will identify and describe roles within the social context of the laboratory. It is hoped that a better understanding of the qualitative aspects of the laboratory might better inform curricular architecture in the future.Grant Funding Source: Queen Elizabeth Scholarship and Western Graduate Research Scholarship