bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion and Dictatorship in Europe
Authors: Steigmann-Gall Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the intersection of religion and dictatorship after the First World War. It examines the question of institutional relations between church and state, and seeks to explore how these relations shed light on the ideological relationship between religious traditions and fascism in particular. It does this by considering comparative perspectives across Europe, especially with regard to church–state relations but also in terms of politics, ideology, and culture. It goes on to explore the cases of Italian fascism and German Nazism, demonstrating how these regimes have typically been understood, as well as how they perpetuated a distinctive religious politics.
Neural processing associated with cognitive empathy in pedophilia and child sexual offending
Authors: Schuler Miriam , Mohnke Sebastian , Amelung Till , Beier Klaus M , Walter Martin , Ponseti Jorge , Schiffer Boris , Kruger Tillmann H C , Walter Henrik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Behavioral studies found evidence for superior cognitive empathy (CE) in pedophilic men without a history of child sexual offending (P − CSO) compared to pedophilic men with a history of child sexual offending (P + CSO). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies also point to differences between P − CSO and P + CSO. Neural processing associated with CE has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the neural correlates of CE in subjects with pedophilia with (P + CSO) and without (P − CSO) child sexual offending. 15 P + CSO, 15 P − CSO and 24 teleiophilic male controls (TC) performed a CE task during fMRI. We observed reduced activation in the left precuneus (Pcu) and increased activation in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in P − CSO compared to P + CSO. P − CSO also showed stronger connectivity between these regions, which might reflect a top-down modulation of the Pcu by the ACC toward an increased self-focused emotional reaction in social situations. There was also evidence for increased right superior temporal gyrus activation in P − CSO that might constitute a potentially compensatory recruitment due to the dampened Pcu activation. These findings provide first evidence for altered neural processing of CE in P − CSO and underline the importance of addressing CE in pedophilia and CSO in order to uncover processes relevant to effective prevention of child sexual abuse.
Quality and readability of online health information on menopausal hormone therapy in Canada: what are our patients reading?
Authors: Murtaza Fahmeeda , Shirreff Lindsay , Huang Lina N. , Jacobson Michelle , Jarcevic Radomir , Christakis Marie K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the quality and readability of 24 of the most accessed menopause hormone therapy (MHT) websites by Canadian women.

Methods:
The top 24 websites from Google, Bing, and Yahoo were identified using the search term “hormone replacement therapy.” Five menopause specialists assessed website content quality using the DISCERN Instrument, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and Abbott's Scale. Two reviewers assessed website credibility using the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct certification, and website readability using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Flesch-Kincaid Read Ease formulae.

Results:
Scores for quality of information varied. The mean JAMA score was low at 2.3 ± 1.1 (out of 4). Only one website met all benchmarks. Fourteen websites (58%) had a good/excellent DISCERN score, while four (17%) had a poor/very poor score. For Abbott's Scale, both the mean authorship score at 2.2 ± 1.0 (out of 4) and mean content score at 45.9 ± 9.8 (out of 100) were low. Inter-rater reliability was high for all tools. Fifteen websites (63%) were Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct certified. The mean Flesch-Kincaid Read Ease was 42.7 ± 10.3, mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was 12.3 ± 1.9, and mean Simple Measure of Gobbledygook grade level was 11.3 ± 1.5. Only one website presented content at a reading level recommended for the public. Websites meeting more JAMA benchmarks were significantly less readable (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Although good quality MHT information exists online, several resources are inaccurate or incomplete. Overall, these resources are not considered comprehensible by the public. There is a need to disseminate accurate, comprehensive, and understandable MHT information online.
The effects of estrogen deficiency and aging on myocardial deformation and motion in normotensive female rats
Authors: Maluleke Tshiamo T. , Millen Aletta M.E. , Michel Frédéric S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Estrogen deficiency is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized rats. Whether the relationship between estrogen deficiency and LV dysfunction is independent of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors remains uncertain. This study assessed the effects of short-term and long-term estrogen deficiency on cardiac structure and function using conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography, independent of traditional CVD risk factors.

Methods:
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into short-term (6 wks) ovariectomized (n = 9), short-term sham-operated (n = 10), long-term (6 mo) ovariectomized (n = 8), and long-term sham-operated (n = 9) groups. Cardiac geometry, systolic and diastolic function, and myocardial deformation and motion were measured using echocardiography.

Results:
Ovariectomy had no effect on conventional echocardiography measures of cardiac structure or function. Compared with short-term, long-term groups had reduced LV internal diameter (false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted P = 0.05) and impaired relaxation (e’; FDR adjusted P = 0.0005) independent of body mass and blood pressure (BP). Global longitudinal strain was impaired in ovariectomized compared with sham-operated rats (FDR adjusted P = 0.05), but not after adjusting for body mass and BP (FDR adjusted P = 0.16). Global longitudinal strain (FDR adjusted P = 0.05), strain rate (FDR adjusted P = 0.002), and velocity (FDR adjusted P = 0.04) were impaired in long-term compared with short-term groups. Global longitudinal strain rate remained impaired after adjustments for body mass and BP (FDR adjusted P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Estrogen deficiency does not independently cause cardiac remodeling, LV dysfunction, or impaired myocardial deformation. Traditional CVD risk factors accompanying estrogen deficiency may account for cardiac remodeling and dysfunction observed in postmenopausal women.
Prevalence and factors associated with overactive bladder and stress urinary incontinence in the Japan Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Nagai Kazue , Homma Yukio , Ideno Yuki , Hayashi Kunihiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with urinary symptoms using cross-sectional data from the Japan Nurses’ Health Study, a prospective cohort study among female nurses.

Methods:
A total of 12,198 women were included. We calculated the prevalence of urinary symptoms. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated to determine the odds for overactive bladder (OAB), stress urinary incontinence, and mixed urinary incontinence.

Results:
The mean age and body mass index (standard deviation, range) were 46.5 (±8.1, 27-82) years and 22.1 (±3.1, 12.9-44.6) kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of OAB was 9.5% (OAB with urinary incontinence [-wet]: 5.4%, OAB without urinary incontinence: 4.1%), that of stress urinary incontinence (without OAB-wet) was 13.9%, and that of mixed urinary incontinence was 2.1%. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between OAB and age 45 to 54 years, and postmenopausal status was moderately associated with OAB in that analysis. In the multivariable-adjusted model, age groups 45 to 49 and 50 to 54 years, body mass index 23-27.4 and ≥ 27.5 kg/m2, and parous status were significantly associated with stress urinary incontinence (without OAB-wet).

Conclusions:
This study showed a significant association of OAB with ages 45 to 54 years and postmenopausal status. Further studies should consider the association between time since menopause and OAB symptoms in the perimenopausal period. A high body mass index and parous status are strongly associated with stress urinary incontinence, and stress urinary incontinence symptoms may become less frequent after menopause.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A853.
Decision aids and shared decision making in urogynecology
Authors: Marques Felisha , Josloff Kevan , Hung Kristin , Wakamatsu May , Sepucha Karen R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
To examine the efficacy and acceptability of decision aids (DAs) in counseling urogynecology patients with prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, or refractory overactive bladder.

Methods:
This pilot study enrolled 33 patients into a control group that underwent usual care without a DA, followed by 33 patients into an intervention group where providers utilized a DA for counseling. Postvisit patient surveys assessed differences in treatment preference, knowledge, and in patient-physician collaboration using SURE, CollaboRATE, and Shared Decision Making (SDM) Process scales. Postvisit provider surveys assessed their perception of the usefulness and the difficulty of using a DA and visit length. Independent t tests were used for continuous variables (Knowledge and SDM Process scores) and Chi-Square for categorical variables (treatment preference, SURE, and CollaboRATE).

Results:
The majority of eligible patients 66/71 (93%) completed the survey. The intervention group trended toward higher knowledge scores (72% vs 60%, P
= 0.06), clearer treatment preferences (85% vs 67%, P
= 0.08), higher rates of top SURE scale scores (91% vs 73%, P
= 0.11), and top CollaboRATE scores (75% vs 52%, P
= 0.07). SDM process scores were similar across groups (3.2 vs 3.2, P
= 0.96). Providers used the DA in 73% of intervention group visits and rated the visit length as “normal” in both groups (70% vs 76%, P
= 0.78).

Conclusions:
There were no statistically significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. The use of DAs was acceptable to providers and indicated a trend toward increased patient knowledge, treatment preference, and satisfaction. A larger study is warranted to examine the impact of DAs on decision making and patient experience.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A856.
Salvage of Extensively Scarred Hands: Wide Awake Tenolysis and Interpositional Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Ghoraba Samir M. , Alsharkawy Kareem G. , Hammad Mostafa , Samak Haitham A. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
This study introduced a dedicated technical approach to extensive hand adhesions, combined with failed primary nerve reconstruction. Wide awakelocal anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) tenolysis and interpositional free tissue transfer forge the main facets of the proposed reconstructive strategy.

Methods:
A prospective study was conducted, including 22 patients diagnosed with extensive tendon adhesions in addition to failed primary nerve repair. After wide awake tenolysis, 20 adipofascial radial forearm flaps and two ALT flaps were used to wrap the tendons, whereas the nerves were grafted after complete separation from the tendons. Nerve recovery; final total range of motion of the fingers; and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score were recorded in detail.

Results:
All flaps healed uneventfully. Final assessment of the median nerve revealed M3 or more motor power and S3 sensory recovery in all patients except one patient who attained no muscle power at all and S1 as regards the sensory assessment. The ulnar nerve evaluation revealed that two of five patients did not recover motor power at all (M0), and the remaining three patients recovered M3 motor power with variable sensory outcomes. Final assessment of total range of motion of the fingers and the DASH score showed a statistically significant improvement except for one patient.

Conclusion:
WALANT tenolysis and interposition of well-vascularized fascial flaps along with simultaneous nerve grafts in extensively scarred hands provided goodfunctional outcomes.
Attachment Issues: A Case Report of a Promising Sternal Implantation with 3D-printed Polyethylene
Authors: Bidois Lauren M. , Porter Chris , Singh Harsh P. 
Published: December 2021

Summary:
Sternal reconstruction is beneficial for chest wall stability, respiratory function, and cosmetics, with no superior prosthesis or method thus far identified. We present a case of sternal reconstruction in a patient 6 years post sternal removal using a 3D-printed, patient-specific, polyethylene prosthesis with reasonable short-term outcomes. We believe a polyethylene prosthesis shows advantages over other materials and is worth further investigation, providing a technique for attaching said prosthesis to the native tissues is established.
Experimental evolution to identify undescribed mechanisms of resistance to a novel cationic peptide antibiotic
Authors: Santos-Lopez A , Fritz MJ , Lombardo JB , Burr AHP , Heinrich VA , Marshall CW , Cooper VS 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA key strategy for resolving the antibiotic resistance crisis is the development of new drugs with antimicrobial properties. The engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 (also known as PLG0206) is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound that has completed Phase I clinical studies. It has activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including infections associated with biofilm. No definitive mechanisms of resistance to WLBU2 have been identified. Here, we used experimental evolution under different levels of mutation supply and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to detect the genetic pathways and probable mechanisms of resistance to this peptide. We propagated populations of wild-type and mutatorPseudomonas aeruginosain the presence of WLBU2 and performed WGS of evolved populations and clones. Populations that survived WLBU2 treatment acquired a minimum of two mutations, making the acquisition of resistance more difficult than for most antibiotics, which can be tolerated by mutation of a single target. Major targets of resistance to WLBU2 included theorfNandpmrBgenes, previously described to confer resistance to other cationic peptides. More surprisingly, mutations that increase aggregation such as thewsppathway were also selected despite the ability of WLBU2 to kill cells growing in a biofilm. The results show how the experimental evolution and WGS can identify genetic targets and actions of new antimicrobial compounds and predict pathways to resistance of new antibiotics in clinical practice.
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant (Omicron) evades neutralization by sera from vaccinated and convalescent individuals
Authors: Rössler Annika , Riepler Lydia , Bante David , Laer Dorothee von , Kimpel Janine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) has been described.Here, we analyze titers of neutralizing antibodies of sera from convalescent or vaccinated individuals against the new B.1.1.529 variant and compared them with titers against other Variants of Concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1617.2) using replication competent SARS-CoV-2 variants.We found that sera from vaccinated individuals neutralized the B.1.1.529 variant to a much lesser extent than any other variant analyzed. Neutralization capacity against B.1.1.529 was maintained best against sera from super immune individuals (infected and vaccinated or vaccinated and infected).
Systematic multi-level analysis of an organelle proteome reveals new peroxisomal functions
Authors: Yifrach Eden , Holbrook-Smith Duncan , Bürgi Jérôme , Othman Alaa , Eisenstein Miriam , Van Roermund Carlo W.T , Visser Wouter , Tirosh Asa , Bibi Chen , Galor Shahar , Weil Uri , Fadel Amir , Peleg Yoav , Waterham Hans R , Wanders Ronald J A , Wilmanns Matthias , Zamboni Nicola , Schuldiner Maya , Zalckvar Einat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeventy years following the discovery of peroxisomes, their proteome remains undefined. Uncovering the complete peroxisomal proteome, the peroxi-ome, is crucial for understanding peroxisomal activities and cellular metabolism. We used high-content microscopy to uncover the peroxi-ome of the model eukaryote – Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This strategy enabled us to expand the known organellar proteome by ∼40% and paved the way for performing systematic, whole-organellar proteome assays. Coupled with targeted experiments this allowed us to discover new peroxisomal functions. By characterizing the sub-organellar localization and protein targeting dependencies into the organelle, we unveiled non-canonical targeting routes. Metabolomic analysis of the peroxi-ome revealed the role of several newly-identified resident enzymes. Importantly, we found a regulatory role of peroxisomes during gluconeogenesis, which is fundamental for understanding cellular metabolism. With the current recognition that peroxisomes play a crucial part in organismal physiology, our approach lays the foundation for deep characterization of peroxisome function in health and disease.
Awake mouse brain photoacoustic and optical imaging through a transparent ultrasound cranial window
Authors: Mirg Shubham , Chen Haoyang , Turner Kevin L. , Liu Jinyun , Gluckman Bruce J. , Drew Patrick J. , Kothapalli Sri-Rajasekhar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) can map the cerebral vasculature at capillary level resolution. However, the OR-PAM setup’s bulky imaging head makes awake mouse brain imaging challenging and inhibits its integration with other optical neuroimaging modalities. Moreover, the glass cranial windows used for optical microscopy are unsuitable for OR-PAM due to the acoustic impedance mismatch between the glass plate and the tissue. To overcome these challenges, we propose a lithium niobate based transparent ultrasound trans-ducer (TUT) as a cranial window on a thinned mouse skull. The TUT cranial window simplifies the imaging head considerably due to its dual functionality as an optical window and ultrasound transducer. The window remains stable for six weeks, with no noticeable inflammation and minimal bone regrowth. The TUT window’s potential is demonstrated by imaging the awake mouse cerebral vasculature using OR-PAM, intrinsic optical signal imaging and two-photon microscopy. The TUT cranial window can potentially also be used for ultrasound stimulation and simultaneous multimodal imaging of the awake mouse brain.
Towards Biophysical Markers of Depression Vulnerability
Authors: Pinotsis D.A. , Fitzgerald S. , See C. , Sementsova A. , Widge A. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA major difficulty with treating psychiatric disorders is their heterogeneity: different neural causes can lead to the same phenotype. To address this, we propose describing the underlying pathophysiology in terms of interpretable, biophysical parameters of a neural model derived from the electroencephalogram. We analyzed data from a small patient cohort of patients with depression and controls. We constructed biophysical models that describe neural dynamics in a cortical network activated during a task that is used to assess depression state. We show that biophysical model parameters are biomarkers, that is, variables that allow subtyping of depression at a biological level. They yield a low dimensional, interpretable feature space that allowed description of differences between individual patients with depressive symptoms. They capture internal heterogeneity/variance of depression state and achieve significantly better classification than commonly used EEG features. Our work is a proof of concept that a combination of biophysical models and machine learning may outperform earlier approaches based on classical statistics and raw brain data.
Dopamine D2Rs Coordinate Cue-Evoked Changes in Striatal Acetylcholine Levels
Authors: Martyniuk Kelly M. , Torres-Herraez Arturo , Rubinstein Marcelo , Labouesse Marie A. , Kellendonk Christoph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the striatum, acetylcholine (ACh) neuron activity is modulated co-incident with dopamine (DA) release in response to unpredicted rewards and reward predicting cues and both neuromodulators are thought to regulate each other. While this co-regulation has been studied using stimulation studies, the existence of this mutual regulation in vivo during natural behavior is still largely unexplored. One long-standing controversy has been whether striatal DA is responsible for the induction of the cholinergic pause or whether D2R modulate a pause that is induced by other mechanisms. Here, we used genetically encoded sensors in combination with pharmacological and genetic inactivation of D2Rs from cholinergic interneurons (CINs) to simultaneously measure ACh and DA levels after CIN D2R inactivation. We found that CIN D2Rs are not necessary for the induction of cue induced dips in ACh levels but regulate dip lengths and rebound ACh levels. Importantly, D2R inactivation strongly decreased the temporal correlation between DA and Ach signals not only at cue presentation but also during the intertrial interval. This points to a general mechanism by which D2Rs coordinate both signals. At the behavioral level D2R antagonism increased the latency to lever press, which was not observed in CIN-selective D2R knock out mice. This latency correlated with the cue evoked dip length supporting a role of the ACh dip and it’s regulation by D2Rs in motivated behavior. Overall, our data indicate that striatal DA coordinate phasic ACh and DA signals via CIN D2Rs which is important for the regulation of motivated behavior.
Timing of exposure is critical in a highly sensitive model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Authors: Ganti Ketaki , Ferreri Lucas M. , Lee Chung-Young , Bair Camden R. , Delima Gabrielle K. , Holmes Kate E. , Suthar Mehul S. , Lowen Anice C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransmission efficiency is a critical factor determining the size of an outbreak of infectious disease. Indeed, the propensity of SARS-CoV-2 to transmit among humans precipitated and continues to sustain the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the number of new cases among contacts is highly variable and underlying reasons for wide-ranging transmission outcomes remain unclear. Here, we evaluated viral spread in golden Syrian hamsters to define the impact of temporal and environmental conditions on the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the air. Our data show that exposure periods as brief as one hour are sufficient to support robust transmission. However, the timing after infection is critical for transmission success, with the highest frequency of transmission to contacts occurring at times of peak viral load in the donor animals. Relative humidity and temperature had no detectable impact on transmission when exposures were carried out with optimal timing. However, contrary to expectation, trends observed with sub-optimal exposure timing suggest improved transmission at high relative humidity or high temperature. In sum, among the conditions tested, our data reveal the timing of exposure to be the strongest determinant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission success and implicate viral load as an important driver of transmission.