bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Xanthene‐Based Fluorescent Dyes: Machine Learning‐Assisted Prediction vs. TD‐DFT Prediction and Experimental Validation
Authors: Wang Yingying , Cai Lei , Chen Wei , Wang Difei , Xu Shi , Wang Limei , Kononov Martin A. , Ji Shuiwang , Xian Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA large number of xanthene‐based fluorescent dyes have been reported with unique photophysical properties. Further development of this group of useful chemicals processes challenges due to the massive amount of discrete data and unavoidable human errors in analyzing the data. Given recent advances in data analysis techniques, we integrated machine learning methods with a chemical database to assist identification of useful xanthene dyes in this study. Based on the xanthene dye database a machine learning model (named ATTRNN) was developed and applied in predicting excitation and emission wavelengths of six new dyes. The comparison of machine learning prediction with time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculation, as well as experimental validation demonstrated the usefulness of ATTRNN. Moreover, the new dyes were used to develop fluorescent sensors for hydrogen sulfide and cysteine, which further proved the value of data‐driven dye discovery.
A phase 1 study of the pan‐bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor mivebresib (ABBV‐075) alone or in combination with venetoclax in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Borthakur Gautam , Odenike Olatoyosi , Aldoss Ibrahim , Rizzieri David A. , Prebet Thomas , Chen Chris , Popovic Relja , Modi Dimple A. , Joshi Rujuta H. , Wolff Johannes E. , Jonas Brian A. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous malignancy driven by genetic and epigenetic factors. Inhibition of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins, epigenetic readers that play pivotal roles in the regulation of genes relevant to cancer pathogenesis, constitutes a novel AML treatment approach.MethodsIn this first‐in‐human study of the pan‐BET inhibitor mivebresib as monotherapy (MIV‐mono) or in combination with venetoclax (MIV‐Ven), the safety profile, efficacy, and pharmacodynamics of mivebresib were determined in patients with relapsed/refractory AML (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02391480). Mivebresib was administered at 3 monotherapy dose levels (1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 mg) or in combination with venetoclax (400 or 800 mg).ResultsForty‐four patients started treatment: of 19 who started MIV‐mono, 5 went on to receive MIV‐Ven combination therapy after disease progression and a washout period. Twenty‐five patients started MIV‐Ven, resulting in a total of 30 patients treated with the combination. The most common mivebresib‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events were dysgeusia (74%), decreased appetite (42%), and diarrhea (42%) in the MIV‐mono group and decreased appetite (44%), vomiting (44%), and nausea (40%) in the MIV‐Ven group. Serious adverse events occurred in 14 patients (74%) who received MIV‐mono and in 22 patients (88%) who received MIV‐Ven. In the MIV‐mono group, responses were complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery in 1 patient and resistant disease in 15 patients. In the MIV‐Ven group, responses were complete remission in 2 patients, partial remission in 2 patients, morphologic leukemia‐free state in 2 patients, resistant disease in 12 patients, and aplasia in 1 patient. The pharmacodynamic effects of mivebresib were proportional to dose and drug exposure.ConclusionsMivebresib was tolerated and showed antileukemic effects as monotherapy and in combination with venetoclax in patients with relapsed/refractory AML.Lay SummaryMivebresib is a novel drug that influences the way cancer cells read genetic information. Mivebresib was tested together with venetoclax in patients with acute myeloid leukemia after standard medicines failed and the disease returned, or when standard medicine was unavailable. Adverse effects were described for different drug doses, and the dose that is tolerable was determined. In some patients, their leukemia improved for some time. More studies are necessary to determine whether mivebresib can be used to treat acute myeloid leukemia.
Knowledge on cervical cancer, attitude toward its screening, and associated factors among reproductive age women in Metu Town, Ilu Aba Bor, South West Ethiopia, 2018: community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chali Keneni , Oljira Dereje , Sileshi Tesfaye , Mekonnen Tilahun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Lack of awareness and unavailability of screening services are the major factors that contribute to the problem of cervical cancer in Ethiopia. The community‐based study conducted regarding the knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer among women of reproductive age group is not enough to indicate the problem.AimTo assess the knowledge on cervical cancer, attitude toward its screening, and associated factors among women of reproductive age.MethodsA community‐based cross‐sectional study with a mixed approach method was conducted from April to May 2018. The sample size calculated for this study was 420. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the covariate and the dependent variable.ResultOf all participants, 31% have good knowledge of cervical cancer, and 57.8% have a positive attitude toward cervical cancer screening. In a multivariable analysis, educational status, occupation, visiting health facilities, and parity were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer screening.ConclusionThis study suggests increasing women's awareness, health education on cervical cancer in the community, and health institutions should be strengthened.Patient and public contributionFemale health workers were involved in the data collection process. Educated women and women who are community health leaders were involved as Interviewees for the qualitative part of the study. However, they have no direct contributions to authorship.
Real‐world Israeli single institution experience with PET‐PSMA for staging of patients with clinically staged localized prostate carcinoma
Authors: Zarbiv Yonaton , Peerless Yehudit , Wygoda Marc , Orevi Marina , Meir Karen , Gofrit Ofer N. , Yutkin Vladimir , Frank Stephen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundA recent prospective trial, the proPSMA study, showed superior specificity and sensitivity of Positron emission tomography (PET) ‐ Prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging compared standard Computerized tomography (CT) and bone scan for staging of recently diagnosed high‐risk local prostate carcinoma for curative intent treatment.AimTo share our experience with false‐positive PET PSMA scans in newly diagnosed intermediate‐risk prostate cancer.Methods and resultsHere, we report a series of eight patients who underwent systemic staging using PET‐PSMA with false‐positive results who were ultimately treated with definitive radiation or surgery. Of the eight patients, two patients were diagnosed with favorable intermediate disease, four with unfavorable intermediate risk, and two with high‐risk disease. Seven of eight were shown to have false‐positive bone uptake, one patient had uptake in lung nodules. Three patients underwent bone biopsy and proven benign. The rest of the patients were proven as non‐metastatic radiologically by repeat PSMA, CT, or Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All subsequently preceded to definitive localized treatment and remain disease free as of this study.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the importance of prudent clinical judgment when utilizing this highly sensitive imaging technique.
A cost‐utility analysis of avelumab for metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Wen‐Cheng , Lin Amy Y. , Hsu Jason C. , Wu Chiao‐En , Goh Connie , Chou Patrick , Kuo Kaitlin , Chang Anne , Palencia Roberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC) has traditionally been managed with palliative chemotherapy regimens or best supportive care (BSC). Avelumab, a novel anti‐programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) human monoclonal antibody for mMCC treatment, is being studied in the pivotal JAVELIN Merkel 200 trial.AimIncorporating trial results, this analysis aimed to evaluate the cost‐utility of avelumab in Taiwan.Methods and resultsA de novo partitioned‐survival model with three key health states related to survival (progression‐free disease, progressed disease, and death) was applied in this study. The data of clinical efficacy, safety, and patient utilities were obtained from the JAVELIN Merkel 200 trial, literature review, and Taiwanese clinical expert opinion. Cost‐utility analysis was performed, and results were presented as cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained. For treatment‐naïve patients, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for avelumab vs BSC and avelumab vs chemotherapy were US$44885.06 and US$42993.06 per QALY gained, respectively. As to treatment‐experienced mMCC patients, avelumab was associated with ICERs of US$27243.06 (vs BSC)/US$26557.43 (vs chemotherapy) per QALY gained. All ICERs remained consistently within the willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold of US$53,333.33 per QALY gained.ConclusionThis study demonstrated avelumab to be a cost‐effective treatment option for both treatment‐experienced and treatment‐naïve mMCC patients with very poor prognosis in Taiwan.
Association of Medicaid expansion and insurance status, cancer stage, treatment and mortality among patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Lee Grace , Dee Edward Christopher , Orav E. John , Kim Daniel W. , Nguyen Paul L. , Wright Alexi A. , Lam Miranda B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, little is known about the effect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion on care delivery and outcomes in cervical cancer.AimWe evaluated whether Medicaid expansion was associated with changes in insurance status, stage at diagnosis, timely treatment, and survival outcomes in cervical cancer.Methods and resultsUsing the National Cancer Database, we performed a difference‐in‐differences (DID) cross‐sectional analysis to compare insurance status, stage at diagnosis, timely treatment, and survival outcomes among cervical cancer patients residing in Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states before (2011–2013) and after (2014–2015) Medicaid expansion. January 1, 2014 was used as the timepoint for Medicaid expansion. The primary outcomes of interest were insurance status, stage at diagnosis, treatment within 30 and 90 days of diagnosis, and overall survival. Fifteen thousand two hundred sixty‐five patients (median age 50) were included: 42% from Medicaid expansion and 58% from nonexpansion states. Medicaid expansion was significantly associated with increased Medicaid coverage (adjusted DID = 11.0%, 95%CI = 8.2, 13.8, p < .01) and decreased rates of uninsured (adjusted DID = −3.0%, 95%CI = −5.2, −0.8, p < .01) among patients in expansion states compared with non‐expansion states. However, Medicaid expansion was not associated with any significant changes in cancer stage at diagnosis or timely treatment. There was no significant change in survival from the pre‐ to post‐expansion period in either expansion or nonexpansion states, and no significant differences between the two (DID‐HR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.83, 1.09, p = .48).ConclusionAlthough Medicaid expansion was associated with an increase in Medicaid coverage and decrease in uninsured among patients with cervical cancer, the effects of increased coverage on diagnosis and treatment outcomes may have yet to unfold. Future studies, including longer follow‐up are necessary to understand the effects of Medicaid expansion.
Quantitative Linearization Results for theMonge‐AmpèreEquation
Authors: Goldman Michael , Huesmann Martin , Otto Felix 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper is about quantitative linearization results for the Monge‐Ampère equation with rough data. We develop a large‐scale regularity theory and prove that if a measureμis close to the Lebesgue measure in Wasserstein distance at all scales, then the displacement of the macroscopic optimal coupling is quantitatively close at all scales to the gradient of the solution of the corresponding Poisson equation. The main ingredient we use is a harmonic approximation result for the optimal transport plan between arbitrary measures. This is used in a Campanato iteration that transfers the information through the scales. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Implementation of Scale Invariant Feature Transform detector on FPGA for low‐power wearable devices for prostheses control
Authors: Fejér Attila , Nagy Zoltán , Benois‐Pineau Jenny , Szolgay Péter , de Rugy Aymar , Domenger Jean‐Philippe 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this paper we describe an FPGA implementation of the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm. The FPGA is required as its a lightweight device which makes it ideal for vision‐guided hybrid neuro‐prostheses utilised for upper limbs replacement. SIFT point detection is needed for computation of coordinates of the object‐to‐grasp in a wearable multi‐camera system. A modified SIFT algorithm is proposed and an implementation of it into C/C++ language on Xilinx ZCU102 FPGA board. The proposed hybrid hardware/software solution is compared to other hardware or hybrid implementations of the SIFT algorithm and with the baseline software detector OpenSIFT. The algorithm optimised for FPGA gives an average precision of 0.84 and the average recall of 0.94 in SIFT‐point detection compared to the baseline.The proposed solution has lower dissipated power than other solutions like CPU or GPU, and it has better computational speed.This solution allows for processing medium‐sized images in real‐time with low power consumption.
Standardizing salivary lactoferrin measurements to obtain a robust diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bartolome Fernando , Orive Gorka , Carro Eva 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe search for new, robust, and reproducible biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is a challenge. We recently reported that salivary lactoferrin (Lf) could be presented as new biomarker candidate for AD, being both non‐invasive and cost‐effective, as well as having appropriate diagnostic performance for the clinical detection of AD subjects. Saliva is an attractive sample type for biomarker‐based testing approaches for several other diseases; however, its composition may change under certain circumstances. It is therefore critical to maintain a consistent salivary handling protocol, considering possible extrinsic factors that may influence salivary Lf concentration. In this work, we analyzed salivary Lf concentration under different handling conditions and donor‐dependent factors including age, inter‐diurnal variations, physical activity, and pharmacological treatments. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of such conditions on salivary Lf concentration. In conclusion, we found that most of these extrinsic factors should be considered in the future when using Lf as a predictive biomarker for AD.
Social networks based on frequency of roost cohabitation do not reflect association rates ofMyotis lucifuguswithin their roosts
Authors: Waag Austin G. , Treanor John J. , Kropczynski Jess N. , Johnson Joseph S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBats are a group of mammals well known for forming dynamic social groups. Studies of bat social structures are often based upon the frequency at which bats occupy the same roosts because observing bats directly is not always possible. However, it is not always clear how closely bats occupying the same roost associate with each other, obscuring whether associations result from social relationships or factors such as shared preferences for roosts. Our goal was to determine if bats cohabitating buildings were also found together inside roosts by using anti‐collision technology for PIT tags, which enables simultaneous detection of multiple tags. We PIT‐tagged 293 female little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and installed antennas within two buildings used as maternity roosts in Yellowstone National Park. Antennas were positioned at roost entryways to generate cohabitation networks and along regions of attic ceilings in each building to generate intraroost networks based on proximity of bats to each other. We found that intraroost and cohabitation networks of buildings were significantly correlated, with the same bats tending to be linked in both networks, but that bats cohabitating the same building often roosted apart, leading to differing assessments of social structure. Cohabitation rates implied that bats associate with a greater number of their roost‐mates than was supported by observations within the roost. This caused social networks built upon roost cohabitation rates to be denser, smaller in diameter, and contain nodes with higher average degree centrality. These results show that roost cohabitation does not reflect preference for roost‐mates in little brown myotis, as is often inferred from similar studies, and that social network analyses based on cohabitation may provide misleading results.
Integrating high‐speed videos in capture‐mark‐recapture studies of insects
Authors: Khelifa Rassim , Mahdjoub Hayat , M’Gonigle Leithen K. , Kremen Claire 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCapture–mark–recapture (CMR) studies have been used extensively in ecology and evolution. While it is feasible to apply CMR in some animals, it is considerably more challenging in small fast‐moving species such as insects. In these groups, low recapture rates can bias estimates of demographic parameters, thereby handicapping effective analysis and management of wild populations. Here, we use high‐speed videos (HSV) to capture two large dragonfly species,Anax juniusandRhionaeschna multicolor, that rarely land and, thus, are particularly challenging for CMR studies. We test whether HSV, compared to conventional “eye” observations, increases the “resighting” rates and, consequently, improves estimates of both survival rates and the effects of demographic covariates on survival. We show that the use of HSV increases the number of resights by 64% inA. juniusand 48% inR. multicolor. HSV improved our estimates of resighting and survival probability which were either under‐ or overestimated with the conventional observations. Including HSV improved credible intervals for resighting rate and survival probability by 190% and 130% inA. juniusandR. multicolor, respectively. Hence, it has the potential to open the door to a wide range of research possibilities on species that are traditionally difficult to monitor with distance sampling, including within insects and birds.
Disease management in two sympatric Apterostigma fungus‐growing ants for controlling the parasitic fungus Escovopsis
Authors: Christopher Yuliana , Wcislo William T. , Martínez‐Luis Sergio , Hughes William O.H. , Gerardo Nicole M. , Fernández‐Marín Hermógenes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAntagonistic interactions between host and parasites are often embedded in networks of interacting species, in which hosts may be attacked by competing parasites species, and parasites may infect more than one host species. To better understand the evolution of host defenses and parasite counterdefenses in the context of a multihost, multiparasite system, we studied two sympatric species, of congeneric fungus‐growing ants (Attini) species and their symbiotic fungal cultivars, which are attacked by multiple morphotypes of parasitic fungi in the genus, Escovopsis. To assess whether closely related ant species and their cultured fungi are evolving defenses against the same or different parasitic strains, we characterized Escovopsis that were isolated from colonies of sympatric Apterostigma dentigerum and A. pilosum. We assessed in vitro and in vivo interactions of these parasites with their hosts. While the ant cultivars are parasitized by similar Escovopsis spp., the frequency of infection by these pathogens differs between the two ant species. The ability of the host fungi to suppress Escovopsis growth, as well as ant defensive responses toward the parasites, differs depending on the parasite strain and on the host ant species.
Phenotypic stability in scalar calcium of freshwater fish across a wide range of aqueous calcium availability in nature
Authors: Sanderson Sarah , Derry Alison M. , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpatial environmental gradients can promote adaptive differences among conspecific populations as a result of local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. Such divergence can be opposed by various constraints, including gene flow, limited genetic variation, temporal fluctuations, or developmental constraints. We focus on the constraint that can be imposed when some populations are found in locations characterized by low levels of an essential nutrient. We use scales of wild fish to investigate phenotypic effects of spatial variation in a potentially limiting nutrient—calcium. If scale calcium (we use “scalar” calcium for consistency with the physiology literature) simply reflects environmental calcium availability, we expect higher levels of scalar calcium in fish from calcium‐rich water, compared to fish from calcium‐poor water. To consider this “passive response” scenario, we analyzed scalar calcium concentrations from three native fish species (Lepomis gibbosus, Percina caprodes, and Perca flavescens) collected at multiple sites across a dissolved calcium gradient in the Upper St. Lawrence River. Contradicting the “passive response" scenario, we did not detect strong or consistent relationships between scalar calcium and water calcium. Instead, for a given proportional increase in water calcium across the wide environmental gradient, the corresponding proportional change in scalar calcium was much smaller. We thus favor the alternative “active homeostasis” scenario, wherein fish from calcium‐poor water are better able to uptake, mobilize, and deposit calcium than are fish from calcium‐rich water. We further highlight the importance of studying functional traits, such as scales, in their natural setting as opposed to only laboratory studies.