bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional variation in diabetic retinopathy and associated factors in Spectrum of Eye Disease in Diabetes (SPEED) study in India—Report 5
Authors: Das Taraprasad , Murthy Gudlavalleti V S , Pant Hira B , Gilbert Clare , Rajalakshmi Ramachandran , Behera Umesh C ,   on behalf of the SPEED study group
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To study the zonal variations in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and associated factors in people with known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending large eye care facilities in different regions of India.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional eye-care facility-based study, India was divided into five zones; large eye care facilities with a good referral base and offering an entire range of care for patients with DR were invited. First-time T2DM attendees aged ≥18 years were recruited. All subjects received a comprehensive systemic and ophthalmic examination. DR and systemic diseases were classified as per the international/national standards. Findings were compared between the zones and with the national average.

Results:
Fourteen eye-care facilities (15% public) from five zones participated. In the cohort of 11,173 people, there were more males (59%); the average age was above 45 years, and in 57%, DM had been diagnosed more than 5 years earlier. Compared with the overall study population, the proportion of people with any DR, sight-threatening DR, and blind were higher in the east zone (42.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.2–44.8; 24.3%, 95% CI 22.3–26.3, and 11.5%, respectively); diabetic macular edema was more frequent in the south zone (12.2%, 95% CI 11.2–13.2); people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment were more in the west zone (32.1%) and higher proportion of people in the south-central zone had systemic hypertension (56.8%, 95% CI 54.8–58.9).

Conclusion:
The zonal variation in DR and related vision loss could be related to variable health-seeking behavior, availability, and confidence in the available services.
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in a diabetic retinopathy clinic in a tertiary care center
Authors: Kaswan Rakesh , Bansal Reema , Katoch Deeksha , Dogra Mohit , Singh Ramandeep , Gupta Vishali , Dogra Mangat R. , Bansal Sandeep 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients presenting to diabetic retinopathy (DR) clinic and to correlate its presence with the severity of DR.

Methods:
A prospective, cross-sectional study of diabetes mellitus patients in retina clinic of a tertiary care referral center, North India (January 2019–March 2020). All were subjected to STOP-Bang Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score. Patients at high OSA risk (STOP-Bang score ≥5 and ESS score ≥10) were referred to Department of Otorhinolaryngology (sleep clinic) for polysomnography. Based on Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI), OSA was graded as mild (AHI = 5–14/h), moderate (AHI = 15–30/h), and severe (AHI >30/h). Statistical analysis was done using three models of outcome measures: (1) “No DR” versus “any DR,” (2) “Less severe DR” versus “More severe DR,” and (3) “No diabetic macular edema (DME)” versus “DME.”

Results:
Of 362 patients screened, 18 (4.97%) had OSA (11 mild, 5 moderate, and 2 severe). Though OSA did not show a significant association with various outcome measures, patients with moderate–severe OSA had higher odds in developing “any DR” (OR = 7.408; 95% CI = 0.533–102.898), “more severe DR” (OR = 1.961; 95% CI = 0.153–25.215), and “DME” (OR = 2.263; 95% CI = 0.357–14.355), on multiple logistic regression.

Conclusion:
Ours is the first screening study of OSA in DR patients in India, the diabetes capital of the world. We detected OSA in 4.97% of patients in a DR clinic, with an increased risk of “any DR,” “more severe DR,” and “DME” in the presence of moderate–severe OSA.
Assessment of optical coherence tomography angiography and multifocal electroretinography in eyes with and without nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Srinivasan Sangeetha , Sivaprasad Sobha , Rajalakshmi Ramachandran , Anjana Ranjit M , Malik Rayaz A , Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Raman Rajiv , Bhende Muna 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To examine (i) the retinal structure and function using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), respectively, in eyes with and without nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), (ii) and their interrelationship between retinal structure (OCTA) and function (mfERG) in the two groups independently.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study. One hundred twenty-one eligible participants with type 2 diabetes with No DR (n = 89), or with mild or moderate NPDR (n = 32) underwent ophthalmic examination, ultrawide field-view fundus photography, OCTA, and mfERG. Group differences were assessed using a Mann–Whitney U test. Correlations were assessed using Spearman’s rho.

Results:
There were no significant differences in OCTA measures between the two groups. The mfERG P1 implicit times (rings 1–6) were significantly delayed and P1 response densities in rings 5 and 6 were significantly lower in participants with NPDR compared to those with No DR. In those with No DR, P1 implicit times in almost all rings were delayed in relation to lower vessel density and perfusion (maximum variance noted was 13%). In individuals with NPDR, the P1 response density in rings 2 and 3 showed a positive nonsignificant correlation with macular perfusion.

Conclusion:
In those with diabetes with No DR, retinal neuronal function is influenced by lower macular vessel density and perfusion. The retinal neuronal function is abnormal in individuals with NPDR compared to those with No DR and is not correlated with OCT angiometric measures, suggesting the likelihood of a different retinal structural correlate.
Effects of Concrete Grades on Strength Characteristics of Metakaolin Modified Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Adebanjo A.U. , Dahunsi B.I.O. , Labiran J.O. 
Published: November 2021

In this study, locally produced Metakaolin (MK) was used as an admixture in recycled aggregate concrete of grades M 25 and M 30. The content of MK varied from 0-15% at 5% intervals. The physical and mechanical properties (bulk density, specific gravity, water absorption, aggregate crushing value and aggregate impact value) of aggregates were determined, the chemical composition as well as reactivity of MK was evaluated using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique and modified Chappelle test. The workability (slump) and strength (compressive and split tensile) properties of fresh and hardened RAC were examined relative to that of conventional concrete. The results of the experiments revealed that the specific gravity (SG), water absorption and aggregate impact value of recycled aggregates (RA) were 2.23, 5.35% and 32%, respectively. The MK used had an optimum reactivity of 2060.8 mg of Ca(OH)2 fixed at a temperature of 660 oC. The slump values for M 25 and M 30 control specimens were 72 mm and 65 mm, respectively while the slump values of MK modified RAC decreased from 67-45 mm for M 25 and 55-35 mm for M 30 as MK increased from 0-15%. The 56th-day compressive strength of the control samples was 21.73 N/mm2 for M 25 and 26.8 N/mm2 for M 30, respectively, while RAC samples ranged from 14.96 - 17.04 N/mm2 for M 25 and 20.55 - 22.67 N/mm2 for M 30 whereas the split tensile strength for the control samples was 2.71 N/mm2 and 3.06 N/mm2 for the two grades in that sequence, while those of RAC ranged from 2.26-2.49 N/mm2 for M 25 and 2.62 – 2.84 N/mm2 for M 30. Despite the fact that metakaolin modified RAC had lower strength properties than conventional concrete, the use of 10% metakaolin as a RA modifier in concrete production will provide a sustainable alternative to conventional aggregates in concrete mix design.
5434 VE 5510 SAYILI KANUN HÜKÜMLERİNE GÖRE KAMU GÖREVLİLERİNİN MALULİYET TÜRLERİ
Authors: YENER Mehmet Zahid , KARAKOÇ Burak 
Published: November 2021

Devlet organizasyonu içerisinde bir teşkilata bağlı olarak kamu görevi ifa eden kimseler kamu görevlisi olarak ifade edilir. Kamu görevlisinin vazifesini yerine getirirken mevcut risk sonucu meydana gelen bir olay neticesinde bir zarara uğraması durumunda, zarara uğrayan kamu görevlisini koruyucu muhtelif düzenlemeler mevcuttur. İşbu düzenlemeler kamu görevlilerinin maluliyeti olarak hukuki düzlemde vücut bulmaktadır.
Çalışmamızda kamu görevlilerinin maluliyeti, 5434 sayılı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Emekli Sandığı Kanunu ve 5510 sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu düzenlemelerine binaen incelenmiştir. Hem 5434 sayılı kanun hem de 5510 sayılı kanun hükümlerince maluliyet türleri ve şartları incelenmiş olup akabinde ise bu düzenlenmelerin karşılaştırması yapılmıştır.
Design Thinking na Educação Ambiental: a problemática do Eucalyptus Urophylla S.T. Blake em uma escola do extremo sul baiano
Authors: Carvalho Lima Eli Shuab , Santos Oliveira Ageu , Suelen Caduda dos Santos Sindiany 
Published: November 2021

O Design Thinking (DT) é uma metodologia ativa que promove o protagonismo de estudantes mediante a resolução de um desafio/problema. Objetiva-se identificar os benefícios da aplicação da metodologia Design Thinking, no estímulo e valorização do protagonismo de estudantes quanto ao debate sobre a monocultura do eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake) em uma escola de Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia. Observou-se sistematicamente habilidades previamente definidas durante o desenvolvimento das cinco etapas do DT: Descoberta, Interpretação, Ideação, Experimentação e Evolução. Numa escala entre insatisfatória, aceitável e exemplar, seguindo a metodologia do Buck Institute For Education, O desempenho dos estudantes foi classificado como exemplar em quase todas as etapas; com exceção da habilidade proposição de ideias, classificada como aceitável. O trabalho revela a importância da utilização de metodologias ativas nas escolas para estimular o protagonismo dos jovens; valorizar saberes comum e científico; ampliar o debate de problemas socioambientais e transformar as ações dos sujeitos, pressupostos essenciais da Educação Ambiental Crítica.

Palavras-chave: Ensino e Aprendizagem. Investigação. Metodologias Ativas. Protagonismo dos estudantes.
Decolonialidade Quadrinística e Educação Ambiental
Authors: Ferreira Kassiano , Montanari Giraldi Patricia 
Published: November 2021

As Histórias em Quadrinhos (HQs) são detentoras de uma linguagem que combina textos e imagens as HQs possibilitam novas discussões e ampliação de compreensões sobre temáticas diversas. A discussão relaciona quadrinhos com as teorias decoloniais, para discutir temáticas voltadas às relações entre humano-natureza. A decolonialidade propõe mudanças ao partir da perspectiva do subalterno. Objetivando demonstrar como a Decolonialidade Quadrinística contribui para novas discussões para o campo da Educação Ambiental, é realizada uma análise da HQ Contos dos Orixás, de Hugo Canuto. Com o aporte teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso franco-brasileira, a obra é analisada, apontando sobre possibilidades de uma vivência harmônica e não-exploratória da natureza, entendendo a humanidade como integrante do ambiente e como as relações espirituais-mágicas que povos tradicionais possuem, reforçam esse modo de viver. Esses pontos discutidos a partir dos quadrinhos, possibilitam reflexões sobre a forma de viver, sendo importantes de serem levadas para a educação em ciências.
Dinámica ecológica de las pandemias
Authors: Iván Darío Loaiza Campiño  , Flórez espinosa Gloria Marcela 
Published: November 2021

La educación ambiental es un campo de conocimiento emergente en tensión y en disputa, es también un campo para el diálogo de saberes y la construcción desde la interdisciplinariedad. En este sentido la ecología como base para la comprensión de las relaciones de interdependencia que hacen posible la vida, se constituye en una posibilidad para la reflexión y comprensión de la actual crisis ambiental exacerbada por eventos como la deforestación, la contaminación de patrimonio hídrico, la injusticia social, entre otros, que favorecen la aparición de pandemias como, la fiebre hemorrágica argentina, el nipah y actualmente el covid-19. El artículo se asume como un aporte desde la ecología para la educación ambiental ciudadana en tiempos de pandemia, presentado un marco conceptual básico sobre ecosistemas, la presencia de algunas pandemias en la historia de la humanidad y las pandemias como respuesta al deterioro ambiental ubicado en el modelo de desarrollo imperante.
Contribuições da formação inicial de professores no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) para a educação ambiental
Authors: Izabelle Maria Nascimento de Rezende  , Cirdes Nunes Moreira  , Monica Lopes Folena Araujo  
Published: November 2021

A inserção da Educação Ambiental (EA) na formação de professores se revela como um exitoso caminho na busca pela implementação da mesma em todos os níveis, modalidades e instituições de ensino. E, neste sentido, o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) se configura campo propício a estudos sobre formação de professores. No presente estudo, realizado no âmbito da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), objetivamos, de modo geral, compreender as contribuições da formação inicial de professores de Ciências e Biologia no Pibid para a prática docente da EA na educação básica. Recorremos à análise documental do subprojeto e relatórios de atividades de 2013, 2014 e 2015. A partir da aplicação da técnica de análise de conteúdo identificamos que a EA contribuiu para criticidade e reflexão a respeito de questões socioambientais.
Palavras-chave: Educação Ambiental. Formação Inicial de Professores de Ciências e Biologia. Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência.
Educação Ambiental na prática docente na educação básica
Authors: Diniz Antônio Marcos , Ahlert Alvori 
Published: November 2021

O texto apresenta compreensões sobre a Educação Ambiental e sobre sua importância na prática docente na Educação Básica. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a presença e/ou ausência da Educação Ambiental na Educação Básica e identificar os motivos para essa realidade. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, reúne dados provenientes de pontos de vista de docentes, coletados através de questionários. O estudo demonstrou que a Educação Ambiental é considerada como fator importante na Educação Básica, contudo a formação inicial e continuada de professores/as é deficitária, não fazendo parte da formação da maioria dos/das docentes.
Analisis Hukum Atas Ujaran Rasis di Asrama Papua Surabaya
Authors: Akib Maruf 
Published: November 2021

Bertindak bijaksana perlu, bahkan ketika berbicara. Jika tidak terkontrol, maka ujaran yang terlontar akan menyinggung pihak lain. Ujaran kebencian (ungkapan verbal, tindakan fisik, bahkan destruktif) harus dihindari karena respon yang diberikan oleh penerima ujaran. Analisis hukum atas ujaran rasis di asrama Papua di Surabaya meliputi: pelaku pelecehan bendera, aparat harusnya bertindak profesional, pelaku ujaran rasial pada saat kejadian, pelecehan bendera dengan ujaran rasis dua hal yang berbeda. Adapun kesimpulan penulis yaitu: bahwa dampak yang ditimbulkan atas reaksi massa di asrama Papua Surabaya terbukti telah menimbulkan kerugian persoalan sosial luar biasa dan ancaman disintegrasi bangsa. Berdasarkan hal-hal yang telah dikaji di atas, terbukti intrumen hukum cukup tersedia untuk menjatuhkan sanksi baik pidana badan ataupun denda. Harus ada ada sanksi yang mampu mengakomodir rasa keadilan masyarakat terhadap mereka yang terbukti bersalah agar tindakan serupa tidak terjadi kembali di masa yang akan datang.
On the selection of precipitation products for the regionalisation of hydrological model parameters
Authors: Baez-Villanueva Oscar M. , Zambrano-Bigiarini Mauricio , Mendoza Pablo A. , McNamara Ian , Beck Hylke E. , Thurner Joschka , Nauditt Alexandra , Ribbe Lars , Thinh Nguyen Xuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Over the past decades, novel parameter regionalisation techniques have been developed to predict streamflow in data-scarce regions. In this paper, we examined how the choice of gridded daily precipitation (P) products affects the relative performance of three well-known parameter regionalisation techniques (spatial proximity, feature similarity, and parameter regression) over 100 near-natural catchments with diverse hydrological regimes across Chile. We set up and calibrated a conceptual semi-distributed HBV-like hydrological model (TUWmodel) for each catchment, using four P products (CR2MET, RF-MEP, ERA5, and MSWEPv2.8). We assessed the ability of these regionalisation techniques to transfer the parameters of a rainfall-runoff model, implementing a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure for each P product. Despite differences in the spatio-temporal distribution of P, all products provided good performance during calibration (median Kling–Gupta efficiencies (KGE′s) > 0.77), two independent verification periods (median KGE′s >0.70 and 0.61, for near-normal and dry conditions, respectively), and regionalisation (median KGE′s for the best method ranging from 0.56 to 0.63). We show how model calibration is able to compensate, to some extent, differences between P forcings by adjusting model parameters and thus the water balance components. Overall, feature similarity provided the best results, followed by spatial proximity, while parameter regression resulted in the worst performance, reinforcing the importance of transferring complete model parameter sets to ungauged catchments. Our results suggest that (i) merging P products and ground-based measurements does not necessarily translate into an improved hydrologic model performance; (ii) the spatial resolution of P products does not substantially affect the regionalisation performance; (iii) a P product that provides the best individual model performance during calibration and verification does not necessarily yield the best performance in terms of parameter regionalisation; and (iv) the model parameters and the performance of regionalisation methods are affected by the hydrological regime, with the best results for spatial proximity and feature similarity obtained for rain-dominated catchments with a minor snowmelt component.
Covid-19 y la epidemia permanente en México: la violencia contra las mujeres
Authors: Sánchez Olvera Alma Rosa 
Published: November 2021

En este artículo, mostramos datos que en la sociedad mexicana ilustran la magnitud de la violencia contra las mujeres, en el contexto de la pandemia Covid-19. A partir de la perspectiva de los estudios críticos de género feministas, interpretamos la fuerza sociopolítica que ha adquirido el movimiento feminista encabezado por las jóvenes, como uno de los movimientos sociales más desafiantes, críticos y transgresores a la cultura patriarcal, misógina y sexista, el movimiento se ha constituido en un sujeto político transgresor y propositivo para la vida digna y no violenta de las mujeres.
Palabras Clave: Covid-19, violencia contra mujeres, movimiento social feminista.
Futsal para pessoas com deficiência intelectual: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Joaquim Érica , Dantas Luiz , Furtado Otávio 
Published: November 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os desafios e possibilidades que emergiram na implementação de um programa de futsal para adultos com Deficiência Intelectual (DI). Pautado em uma representação de jogo (árvore de decisão) e nas perspectivas táticas ensino, o programa foi permeado de obstáculos e desafios acerca das estratégias utilizadas para favorecer a compreensão de conceitos, heurísticas e ações de jogo (presentes na árvore de decisão e trabalhados a partir de jogos reduzidos e do jogo formal) exigindo adequações metodológicas no decorrer do programa, que vieram a contribuir com o desenvolvimento dos alunos no contexto do jogo.
Дискуссия о датировке квестуры Л. Лициния Лукулла и надпись из Мопсуестии: проблема обозначения должностного статуса
Authors: Дементьева Вера Викторовна 
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена историографическому анализу дискуссионной проблемы датировки занятия Л. Лицинием Лукуллом магистратуры квестора (и, соответственно, промагистратуры проквестора, последовавшей после нее). Дискуссия по этому вопросу, которая была начата в 70-е гг. XIX в., не может, на взгляд автора, считаться законченной, поскольку обнаружение в 80-е гг. XX в. надписи на греческом языке из Мопсуестии [1] требует внесения корректив в представления историков о полномочиях Лукулла в 80-е гг. I в. до н. э. В той части инскрипции, которая понимается как официальное письмо Лукулла властям и жителям Мопсуестии, он называет свой должностной статус ταμίας καὶ ἀντιστράτηγος, что соответствует латинскому его обозначению как quaestor pro praetore. Временем составления письма Лукулла публикаторы надписи называют 86 г. до н. э., что входит в противоречие с имеющимися в научной литературе датировками квестуры Лукулла – 88 или 87 гг. до н. э., в связи с чем возникают вопросы об обозначении в эпиграфике должностного статуса квесторов и проквесторов, особенно при получении ими полномочий pro praetore. Автор статьи суммирует высказанные в историографии точки зрения, фиксируя значительный разброс мнений. Делается вывод о том, что для понимания конкретной ситуации Л. Лициния Лукулла и уточнения года занятия им магистратуры квестора, необходимо проанализировать имеющуюся информацию обо всех известных случаях функционирования квесторов/проквесторов pro praetore, – это даст возможность рассмотреть статус Лукулла в контексте римской практики предоставления низшим магистратам и промагистратам преторских полномочий.
MILITARY MOBILITY IN THE EUROPEAN THEATRE
Authors: Păunescu Dragoș-Mihai 
Published: November 2021

To ensure its defense and deterrence posture, NATO has to prove the ability to quickly deploy, reinforce and sustain its forces across the entire SACEUR Area of Responsibility. To ensure the end-state of free deployment of forces across Europe, the Alliance identified the need to abolish legal and administrative barriers and to improve the infrastructure status and transportations capacity. Both NATO and the European Union recognized the military mobility deficiencies as a strategic vulnerability for Europe in case of a peer-to-peer conflict scenario.
Tendencias temáticas e investigativas en las facultades de educación en Colombia: una mirada a las revistas científicas
Authors: Rincón Zabala Carlos 
Published: November 2021

En el siguiente artículo se realiza una indagación respecto a la concepción de la investigación que ha sido adoptada en las facultades de educación de varias universidades colombianas. Para ello, se propone una revisión de carácter virtual-digital, una mirada rigurosa de los últimos cinco índices de las principales revistas científicas en los que la educación y la pedagogía se hayan convertido en las protagonistas. Basado en referentes, estadísticas, escalafones nacionales e internacionales, el texto no premia una búsqueda por la definición del concepto mismo de investigación, sino que pretende rastrear, realizar un examen sobre las tendencias investigativas que desde la academia —y particularmente desde los departamentos de educación— permiten conocer cómo esta (la investigación) ha sido pensada.
Epilepsiezorg in Tanzania
Authors: Dekker Marieke , Zwarts Machiel 
Published: November 2021

In Tanzania zijn in het verzorgingsgebied van het Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, dat even groot is als Nederland, vier neurologen klinisch werkzaam. De epilepsiezorg is navenant onderbedeeld, het percentage patiënten met epilepsie dat niet behandeld wordt ligt tussen de 70 en 90%. In deze bijdrage wordt de achtergrond van de epilepsiezorg in deze regio nader toegelicht.