bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of kidney transplantation over a 16-year period in Korea: An analysis of the National Health Information Database
Authors: Lee Hyung Soon , Kang Minjin , Kim Banseok , Park Yongjung 
Published: February 2021

Background
This study investigated the outcomes of kidney transplantation (KT) over a 16-year period in Korea and identified risk factors for graft failure using a nationwide population-based cohort.

Methods
We investigated the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database. Health insurance claims for patients who underwent KT between 2002 and 2017 were analyzed.

Results
The data from 18,331 patients who underwent their first KT were reviewed. The percentage of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) induction continuously increased from 2.0% in 2002 to 23.5% in 2017. Rituximab began to be used in 2008 and had increased to 141 patients (9.6%) in 2013. Acute rejection occurred in 17.3% of all patients in 2002 but decreased to 6.3% in 2017. The rejection-free survival rates were 78.8% at 6 months after KT, 76.1% after 1 year, 67.5% after 5 years, 61.7% after 10 years, and 56.7% after 15 years. The graft survival rates remained over 80% until 12 years after KT, and then rapidly decreased to 50.5% at 16 years after KT. In Cox’s multivariate analysis, risk factors for graft failure included being male, more recent KT, KT from deceased donor, use of ATG, basiliximab, or rituximab, tacrolimus use as an initial calcineurin inhibitor, acute rejection history, and cytomegalovirus infection.

Conclusions
ATG and rituximab use has gradually increased in Korea and more recent KT is associated with an increased risk of graft failure. Therefore, meticulous preoperative evaluation and postoperative management are necessary in the case of recent KT with high risk of graft failure.
Validation of two severity scores as predictors for outcome in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Salbach Christian , Mueller-Hennessen Matthias , Biener Moritz , Stoyanov Kiril M. , Vafaie Mehrshad , Preusch Michael R. , Kihm Lars P. , Merle Uta , Schnitzler Paul , Katus Hugo A. , Giannitsis Evangelos 
Published: February 2021

Background
An established objective and standardized reporting of clinical severity and disease progression in COVID-19 is still not established. We validated and compared the usefulness of two classification systems reported earlier–a severity grading proposed by Siddiqi and a system from the National Australian COVID-19 guideline. Both had not been validated externally and were now tested for their ability to predict complications.

Methods
In this retrospective, single-centre observational study, patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 across all severity stages were enrolled. The clinical severity was graded at admission and during hospitalization. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent risk factors for mortality, a composite primary (mortality, incident acute respiratory distress syndrome, incident mechanical ventilation), a secondary endpoint (mortality, incident acute myocardial injury, incident venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or stroke) and progression of severity grades.

Results
Of 109 patients 17 died, 31 and 48 developed the primary and secondary endpoint, respectively. Worsening of the severity grade by at least one stage occurred in 27 and 28 patients, respectively. Siddiqi and Australian classification were identified as independent predictors for the primary endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.30, p<0.001 and aHR 2.08, p<0.001), for the secondary endpoint (aHR 2.12, p<0.001 and aHR 1.79, p<0.001) and mortality (aHR 2.30, p = 0.071 and aHR 1.98, p = 0.017). Both classification systems showed very good agreement regarding initial grading and good agreement regarding progression of severity stages.

Conclusions
Standardized and objective severity grading is useful to unequivocally stratify patients presenting with COVID-19 for their individual risk of complications.
Komparasi Bingkai Peristiwa Bencana di Media Online Indonesia
Authors: Zamhari Zamhari 
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the differences between Tirto.id and Republika.co.id in framing reporting on the causes of the crash of the Lion Air JT-610 plane on October 29, 2018. This research is a qualitative study using Robert M. Entman's four-stage framing analysis, namely define problems, define causes, make moral statement, and treatment recommendation. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in framing between the three online media in reporting a disaster. Tirto.id focuses more on the professionalism of Lion Air's management, while Republika.co.id focuses more on the news about the cause of the crash of the Lion Air JT-610 plane because the Lion Air JT-610 aircraft is the latest release. This proves that every newsroom has a certain standard in applying the principles of disaster journalism. Tulisan ini mengulas perbedaan Tirto.id dan Republika.co.id dalam membingkai pemberitaan penyebab jatuhnya pesawat Lion Air JT-610 pada tanggal 29 Oktober 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis framing empat tahap Robert M. Entman, yaitu define problems, define causes, make moral statement, dan treatment recommendation. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan framing di antara ketiga media online tersebut dalam memberitakan sebuah bencana. Tirto.id lebih menyoroti profesionalisme manajemen Lion Air, sedangkan Republika.co.id lebih mem-framing pemberitaan penyebab jatuhnya pesawat Lion Air JT-610 lantaran jenis pesawat Lion Air JT-610 merupakan keluaran terbaru. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa setiap newsroom memiliki standar tertentu dalam menerapkan prinsip jurnalisme bencana.
Descartes’ Sum-Res-Cogitans-Argument in der Zweiten Meditation
Authors: Dierig Simon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two major interpretations have been advanced for the sum res cogitans passage in Descartes’s Second Meditation. According to the first interpretation, he argues in this passage that only thinking belongs to his essence. According to the second interpretation, due to Anthony Kenny, Harry Frankfurt and others, no such claim is defended by Descartes. Rather, it is his aim to argue that only thinking can be ascribed to him with certainty. In this essay, it will be shown that the “naive”, essentialist reading of the sum res cogitans reasoning is closer to the text than the perhaps more sophisticated, purely epistemic reading. Although the interpretation defended here is not new, it will be arrived at by way of (hopefully) new arguments.
Comparative analysis of the SPL gene family in five Rosaceae species: Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, Rubus occidentalis, and Pyrus pyrifolia
Authors: Jiang Xuwen , Chen Peng , Zhang Xiaowen , Liu Qizhi , Li Heqin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) transcription factors are very important for the plant growth and development. Here 15 RoSPLs were identified in Rubus occidentalis. The conserved domains and motifs, phylogenetic relationships, posttranscriptional regulation, and physiological function of the 92 SPL family genes in Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, R. occidentalis, and Pyrus pyrifolia were analyzed. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed the SPL proteins had sequence conservation, some FvSPLs could be lost or developed, and there was a closer relationship between M. domestica and P. pyrifolia, F. vesca and R. occidentalis, respectively. Genes with similar motifs clustering together in the same group had their functional redundancy. Based on the function of SPLs in Arabidopsis thaliana, these SPLs could be involved in vegetative transition from juvenile to adult, morphological change in the reproductive phase, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and defense stress. Forty-eight SPLs had complementary sequences of miR156, of which nine PrpSPLs in P. persica and eight RoSPLs in R. occidentalis as the potential targets of miR156 were reported for the first time, suggesting the conservative regulatory effects of miR156 and indicating the roles of miR156-SPL modules in plant growth, development, and defense response. It provides a basic understanding of SPLs in Rosaceae plants.
ScatT-LOOP: scattering tetrolet-LOOP descriptor and optimized NN for iris recognition at-a-distance
Authors: Shirke Swati D. , Rajabhushnam Cherukuri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Iris Recognition at-a Distance (IAAD) is a major challenge for researchers due to the defects associated with the visual imaging and poor image quality in dynamic environments, which imposed bad impacts on the accuracy of recognition. Thus, in order to enable the effective IAAD, this paper proposes a new method, named, Chronological Monarch Butterfly Optimization (Chronological MBO)-enabled Neural Network (NN). The recognition of iris using NN is trained with the proposed Chronological MBO, which is developed through the combination of Chronological theory in Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO). The recognition becomes effective with the automatic segmentation and the normalization of iris image on the basis of Hough Transform (HT) and Daugman’s rubber sheet model followed with the process of feature extraction with the developed ScatT-LOOP descriptor, which is the integration of scattering transform (ST), Local Optimal Oriented Pattern (LOOP) descriptor, and Tetrolet transform (TT). The developed ScatT-LOOP descriptor extracts the texture as well as the orientation details of image for effective recognition. The analysis is evaluated with the CASIA Iris dataset with respect to the evaluation metrics, accuracy, False Acceptance Rate (FAR), and False Rejection Rate (FRR). The proposed method has the accuracy, FRR, and FAR of 0.97, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively. The experimental results proved that the proposed method is effective than the existing methods of iris recognition.
A Low-Dimensional Compact Finite Difference Method on Graded Meshes for Time-Fractional Diffusion Equations
Authors: Ghaffari Rezvan , Ghoreishi Farideh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an improvement of the classical compact finite difference (CFD) method by using a proper
orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique for time-fractional diffusion equations
in one- and two-dimensional space.
A reduced CFD method is constructed with lower dimensions such that it maintains the accuracy and
decreases the computational time in comparison with classical CFD method.
Since the solution of time-fractional diffusion equation typically has a weak singularity near the
initial time

t
=
0

{t=0}

, the classical L1 scheme on uniform meshes
may obtain a scheme with low accuracy. So, we use the L1 scheme on graded meshes for time discretization.
Moreover, we provide the error estimation between the reduced CFD method
based on POD and classical CFD solutions. Some numerical examples show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Exploring adolescents’ motives for food media consumption using the theory of uses and gratifications
Authors: Ngqangashe Yandisa , Maldoy Katrien , De Backer Charlotte J. S. , Vandebosch Heidi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFood media have become a formidable part of adolescents’ food environments. This study sought to explore how and why adolescents use food media by focusing on selectivity and motives for consumption. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 31 Flemish adolescents aged 12 to 16. Food media were both incidentally consumed and selectively sought for education, social utility, and entertainment. The levels of selectivity and motives for consumption varied among the different food media platforms. Incidental consumption was more prevalent with TV cooking shows compared to online food media. The dominant motives for TV cooking show consumption were companionship and entertainment, while online food media were used for a more diverse range of motives dominated by information/inspiration and social interaction. Some participants consumed food media to get motivation and inspiration to improve health and fitness (Fitspiration) while others consumed food media to watch appetizing and aesthetically pleasing food content (Food porn). The social environment in the form of friends and family as well as existing food preferences were dominant psychosocial factors for both traditional and online food media use. Future research is warranted to explore how incidental exposure and the identified motives for use relate to food media effects.
Explicit teaching of problem categorization using concept mapping, and an exploratory study of its effect on student achievement and on conceptual understanding – the case of chemical equilibrium problems
Authors: Bakolis Antonios , Stamovlasis Dimitrios , Tsaparlis Georgios 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A crucial step in problem solving is the retrieval of already learned schemata from long-term memory, a process which may be facilitated by categorization of the problem. The way knowledge is organized affects its availability, and, at the same time, it constitutes the important difference between experts and novices. The present study employed concept maps in a novel way, as a categorization tool for chemical equilibrium problems. The objective was to determine whether providing specific practice in problem categorization improves student achievement in problem solving and in conceptual understanding. Two groups of eleventh-grade students from two special private seminars in Corfu island, Greece, were used: the treatment group (N = 19) and the control group (N = 21). Results showed that the categorization helped students to improve their achievement, but the improvement was not always statistically significant. Students at lower (Piagetian) developmental level (in our sample, students at the transitional stage) had a larger improvement, which was statistically significant with a high effect size. Finally, Nakhleh’s categorization scheme, distinguishing algorithmic versus conceptual subproblems in the solution process, was studied. Dependency of problem solving on an organized knowledge base and the significance of concept mapping on student achievement were the conclusion.
Entrepreneurial Decision-Making Under Risk
Authors: Ma Dalong , Fiet James O. , Dubofsky David A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research addresses how entrepreneurs may make different decisions compared to non-entrepreneurs when they face the same opportunities. We begin by considering the nexus between opportunities and entrepreneurs/non-entrepreneurs. From an entrepreneur’s perspective, based on dual-process theory, we examine how different thinking styles influence decision-making. From an opportunity perspective, based on prospect theory, we test how different types of opportunity framing influence decision-making. The results indicate that entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs assess opportunities differently. Our research design also provides a new method to elicit both the subjective value model and the probability-weighting model.
The Role and Impact of Fox News
Authors: Hoewe Jennifer , Brownell Kathryn Cramer , Wiemer Eric C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Considering that cable news has become a primary source of political information for many Americans, this article examines the role and impact of Fox News in the United States, particularly as it compares to other news outlets. We begin by offering a historical analysis of Fox News’ formation and growth in popularity, including a review of existing scholarship on the network’s impact on news consumers. Prior research as well as an additional nationally-representative dataset reveals that two policy areas are particularly potent among Fox News’ consumers: immigration and climate change. Additionally, scholars have found initial evidence for the role of Fox News in shaping its viewers’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We then consider the cognitive processing utilized by news consumers, explaining how it may differ among individuals who opt to consume Fox News and those who get news from other sources. We conclude by reviewing why three specific areas—immigration, climate change, and COVID-19—resonate so strongly with Fox News consumers.
Misreporting: Social Scientists, Political Commentators, and the Politics of Presidential Selection
Authors: Sawyer Elizabeth M. , Shafer Byron E. , Wagner Regina L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A familiar framework for interpreting the politics of presidential nomination, built on an accumulating body of social science research plus the extended observations of experienced commentators, received remarkably little use in the day-to-day reportage of the Democratic and Republican contests of 2016 and 2020 as they unfolded. So this paper begins by sketching out the factional structure of the modern Democratic and Republican parties, along with the bandwagon dynamic that recurrently resolves their factional disputes. It then applies these foundational interpretive factors to the two most recent pairs of nominating contests. What results are four orthodox and recurrent stories that stand in sharp contrast to media narratives that were all too frequently a mix of incomplete basic understandings plus wildly overemphasized idiosyncrasies.
Compact and novel coupled line microstrip bandpass filter based on stepped impedance resonators for millimetre-wave communications
Authors: Bhat Zahid A. , Sheikh Javaid A. , Khan Sharief D. , Rehman Raqeebur , Ashraf Shazia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a compact and the low-cost coupled line band-pass filter with application to future generation millimetre-waves and 5G communications. The proposed approach of the filter design is based on the coupled-line and centre tapped upper and lower stepped impedance resonators. These resonators generate the sharp rejection, wide bandwidth, and abet to realize the compact filter. A detailed theoretical as well as the numerical analysis of the filter has also been investigated. As a demonstration, the proposed band-pass filter configuration has been designed and fabricated at the 33.5 GHz frequency using a low-cost PCB technique. It has observed that the proposed filter, results in a better return loss and the low insertion loss. The experimental results has been presented and compared with the simulated results and has found quite satisfactory. Moreover the results obtained validate a good agreement with each other.
Geochemistry of the black rock series of lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation, SW Yangtze Block, China: Reconstruction of sedimentary and tectonic environments
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Chan , Li Yong , Deng Jianghong , Deng Bin , Feng Yuexing , Chen Hui , Xu Yunlong , Zhao Shaoze 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The black rock series in the Qiongzhusi Formation contains important geochemical information about the early Cambrian tectonic and ecological environment of the southwestern Yangtze Block. In this paper, major, trace, and rare earth element data are presented in an attempt to reveal the sediment source during the deposition of the early Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and to reconstruct the sedimentary tectonic environment and weathering intensity during that time. The basin primarily received continental clastic material with neutral-acidic igneous rocks from a stable source and with a moderate level of maturity during the depositional period of the Qiongzhusi Formation. Furthermore, the strata were weakly influenced by submarine hydrothermal fluids during diagenesis. The reconstruction of the sedimentary environment and weathering intensity shows that P2O5 enrichment and water body stratification occurred due to the effects of upwelling ocean currents during the depositional period of the Qiongzhusi Formation. The combination of upwelling and bottom-water hydrothermal fluids led to environmental changes in the study area, from dry and hot to moist and warm. Last, the reconstruction of the tectonic environment of the Qiongzhusi Formation indicates that deposition occurred in continental slope and marginal marine environments associated with a continental arc tectonic system. These findings provide an essential basis for the comprehensive reconstruction of the early Cambrian sedimentary environment of the Yangtze Block.
On the induced matching problem in hamiltonian bipartite graphs
Authors: Song Yinglei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the parameterized complexity of theinduced matchingproblem in hamiltonian bipartite graphs and the inapproximability of the maximum induced matching problem in hamiltonian bipartite graphs. We show that, given a hamiltonian bipartite graph, the induced matching problem is W[1]-hard and cannot be solved in timeno⁢(k){n^{o(\sqrt{k})}}, wherenis the number of vertices in the graph, unless the 3SAT problem can be solved in subexponential time. In addition, we show that unlessNP=P{\operatorname{NP}=\operatorname{P}}, a maximum induced matching in a hamiltonian bipartite graph cannot be approximated within a ratio ofn1/4-ϵ{n^{1/4-\epsilon}}, wherenis the number of vertices in the graph.
Hot deformation behavior and processing maps of 9Cr3W3Co oxide dispersion-strengthened steel
Authors: Yang Wen-Sheng , Wang Jia-Wei , Jiang Lei , Wang Tian-Jian , Pei Yu-Bing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The hot deformation behavior of as-cast 9Cr3W3Co oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel was investigated by Gleeble 3500 facility in the temperature range of 900–1,150℃ and at strain rates range of 0.01–10 s−1. The constitutive equation and processing maps were established to describe this complex hot deformation process. The true stress–strain curves showed that the softening effects of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization are stronger than the effect of work hardening with further increasing the temperature and strain. The optimal hot working parameters of 9Cr3W3Co-ODS steel are suggested to be T = 1,050–1,100°C and

ε
̇

\dot{\varepsilon }

= 0.03–0.3 s−1.
Performance and microbial community of a novel PVA/iron-carbon (Fe–C) immobilized bioreactor for nitrate removal from groundwater
Authors: Wen Qiong , Su Junfeng , Li Guoqing , Huang Tinglin , Xue Lei , Bai Yihan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An efficient immobilized denitrification bioreactor functioning under anaerobic conditions was developed by combining bacterial immobilization technology with iron-carbon (Fe–C) particles. The effects of key factors on nitrate (NO3
−–N) removal efficiency were invested, such as the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), pH and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Experimental results show that 100.00% NO3
−–N removal efficiency and a low level of nitrite (NO2
−–N) accumulation less than 0.05 mg L−1 were obtained under the condition of a C/N ratio of 3, pH 7.0 and HRT of 6 h. Meteorological chromatographic analysis showed that the final product of denitrification was mainly nitrogen (N2). The main component of precipitation formed in the bioreactor was characterized as Fe3O4 by X-ray diffraction. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the dominant bacterial class in the Fe–C bioreactor was Gammaproteobacteria, while the dominant genera were Zoogloea and Azospira, the relative abundances of which were as high as 23.25 and 15.43%, respectively.