bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of water culture in water management: A case study on the mid-reaches of Red River, China
Authors: Zheng Xiao Yun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Based on the structure of water culture, which include the four levels of ideas, institutions, social life and physical life, this chapter surveys the dynamic role of water culture in local water management using a case study on the mid-reaches of the Red River in China. This study shows that local water management closely depends on water culture. The local people, based on their ideas, values and knowledge about water use in the local water environment, created an environmentally friendly irrigation and life system. This was also related to their religion, social norms, rules, and social relations and has made water management to be of significant importance. This case study also demonstrated that water culture is indispensable for water management to support the irrigation system. It is, however, closely related to local subsistence since the terraced wet paddy-field is the essential resource of traditional subsistence. Water management and subsistence will not be sustained without water culture. This chapter also discussed the future prospects of water culture in a fast changing society and focuses on how to maintain traditional water culture and build a new culture to meet the current demands of water management.
The role of community in behaviors towards water in the red river delta and the central highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Chí Bền Nguyễn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Vietnam, the region of Red River Delta is the primary living space of the Viet ethnic group; whereas, the Central Highlands region is currently the home of 11 ethnic minority groups. Water is a valuable natural resource essential to these communities’ existence, development and creation. Thus, throughout their long history, these communities have developed a specific attitude towards water: they need, treasure and fear water at the same time. Inhabitants of both the Red River Delta and the Central Highlands worship water gods and they consider these gods supreme beings in the pantheon. The development of the cult of water in the two regions has been attributed to the role of associated communities. However, due to the differences in geographical, geo-historical and geo-cultural positions and trajectories between the Red River Delta and the Central Highlands, the role of the community in the emergence and development of the cult of water in these two regions are also different. This chapter, therefore, will examine the role of the community in the cult of water, which is manifested through: the role of priests, the role of villages and other subjects and objects associated with the cult of water in the two regions. The result of this study provides an overview of culture–religion history developed in different cultural spaces of Vietnam.
Unveiling Venice's waterways heritage. From the digital and extended Water Museum of Venice to UNESCO's Global Network of Water Museums
Authors: Eulisse Eriberto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Venice is often associated with an image of rich commercial ventures eastwards and trade in the Mediterranean. However, it is worthy of note that for centuries Venice made huge investments westwards to modify the local hydrography and build a sophisticated network of inland waterways. The origin of this system can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when extensive hydraulic works were carried out to modify local watercourses and create artificial canals for commercial and strategic purposes. From the 16th century, improvements in agricultural production and a blooming river trade became possible thanks to functional hydraulic artefacts aimed at managing and controlling all water levels. This system of navigable waterways was carefully managed until the fall of Venice (1797), but subsequently, when railways and road transport came to dominate over inland navigation, it was abandoned. Today Venice's waterways and related waterscapes offer a unique setting to attract tourists. However, with the single exception of the Riviera del Brenta (that is renowned worldwide for its Palladian architecture), this heritage often lies in a worrying state of abandonment. After introducing the geo-historical context where careful management aimed at controlling all water flows was developed over the centuries, this chapter focuses on recent cultural dynamics of managing this inherited water asset. Considering the present state of neglected waterways there are also interesting opportunities for their revitalization. The use of digital tools combined with new eco-tourism strategies indeed can stimulate new models of water governance also for the advantage of local communities. Today ground-breaking visions and new management approaches are needed to transmit to future generations this water heritage. In discussing the research strategy aimed at creating the ‘digital and extended’ Water Museum of Venice, this chapter will show how this model was useful to build a worldwide network of water museums.
A museum that travels: Yaku Viajero and citizen education on Guayllabamba social basin in Quito, Ecuador (South America)
Authors: Martínez José Ricardo , Reyes Cristina , Vallejo Emilia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Yaku Viajero is a travelling exhibition created by the Yaku Water Museum in Quito, Ecuador that aims to raise awareness among citizens about the importance of water conservation for the city and the world. It deals with five topics: water history in Quito, water quality, the right to water according to the constitution of Ecuador, Water Footprint and the social and hydrographic basin of the Guayllabamba, which provides water to the city of Quito, capital of Ecuador. This chapter describes in depth how the concept of the social basin is applied through educational and museographic resources and how it aims to promote the development of empathy as a fundamental basis of citizenship education.
Poor Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Pre- and Post-Liver Transplantation Patients
Authors: Santos-Lins Larissa S. , Aguiar Inácio L.S. , Codes Liana , Evangelista Maria A. , de Oliveira Castro Alessandra , L. Bittencourt Paulo , Cavalcanti Andrea , Paraná Raymundo , Lins-Kusterer Liliane 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Oral health is associated with Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) and may play a relevant role in oral (OHRQoL) and general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Objective:
To explore the correlations between OHRQoL and HRQoL in pre- and post-liver transplantation (LT) patients.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study with 189 patients: 63 per group (pre-LT, post-LT, and without liver disease). The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and the Work Ability Index (WAI) were used to measure oral health-related quality of life, health-related quality of life, and work ability, respectively. Oral health was evaluated according to the World Health Organization criteria. The relationship between the OHIP-14 and independent variables was analysed by multiple linear regression.

Results:
Pre-LT group presented the highest OHIP-14 total mean score, followed by the post-LT group, compared to the group without liver disease (p=0.001). All HRQoL and WAI mean scores were lower in the pre-LT group than in the other groups (p≤0.013). In the pre-LT group, the OHIP-14 total mean score was negatively correlated with the Mental Health, Physical Functioning, and General Health mean scores (p=0.01) and negatively and significantly (p<0.05) associated with decayed teeth and with poor workability. In the post-TL group, OHRQOL of life was associated with decayed and missing teeth, lower educational level, and poor workability.

Conclusion:
Patients in the pre- and post-LT groups presented poorer OHRQoL compared to patients without liver disease. OHRQoL was strongly correlated with HRQoL in the pre-LT group.
Efficacy of MTA Modified by Nanosilver for the Prevention of Coronal Leakage
Authors: Nasri Shifteh , Afkhami Farzaneh 
Published: May 2021

Background:Numerous materials have been introduced as coronal barriers, however, they have shown various degrees of microleakage. Therefore, attempts are undertaken to introduce more reliable materials with the potential to provide a long-term coronal seal.Introduction:Thisin vitrostudy aimed to assess the efficacy of gray ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) modified by a suspension of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an orifice plug using a bacterial leakage method.Methods:40 extracted human teeth were prepared and filled (except for the negative control group) using the lateral compaction technique. The coronal 2 mm of the root filling was removed in the experimental groups. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 15) and two control (n = 5) groups. In the experimental group 1 (MTA group) and the experimental group 2 (Ag-MTA group), MTA modified by a suspension of AgNPs was used as an orifice plug. In the negative control group, the entire root surfaces were covered with two layers of nail varnish. In the positive control group, the root canals were filled with a single gutta-percha cone without a sealer and no orifice plug. Bacterial leakage was assessed using a two-chamber system. The teeth were incubated at 37°C and 100% humidity for 120 days, and human saliva was added to the samples every 3 days. Bacterial microleakage was assessed by daily monitoring and observating the turbidity of the Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. The data were analyzed using the log-rank test.Results:All positive controls showed contamination after 5 days. None of the negative controls were contaminated during the experiment. The Ag-MTA group demonstrated a significantly better coronal seal than the MTA group (p = 0.031).Conclusion:Gray ProRoot MTA modified by AgNPs has the potential for being used as an orifice plug in endodontically treated teeth.
Assessment of Coronavirus in the Conjunctival Tears in Pediatric Patients with Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Sohag Government, Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Hany , Radwan Ahmed , El Rashidy Amr , Hefny Hesham M. , Ali Amal H. , Mounir Amr 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The present study aims to evaluate coronavirus shedding in the tears of asymptomatic pediatric COVID-19 positive patients.

Methods:
A prospective interventional study that included a total of 145 pediatric asymptomatic COVID-19 patients hospitalized from 17th May 2020 to 16th July 2020 in Sohag Tropical Hospital. On admission, all of them were COVID-19 positive detected through nasopharyngeal swab. They were in intimate contact with positive symptomatic COVID-19 patients before testing and admission. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done for tears samples at an interval of 5 days after admission and twice before discharge.

Results:
Of the 145 asymptomatic pediatric COVID-19 positive patients, no one showed ocular or systemic manifestations. They were silent carriers. Ten were positive for tears sample on admission. They became negative for nasopharyngeal and tear samples before discharge.

Conclusion:
Pediatric positive COVID-19 patients can shed coronavirus through their tears. Even among asymptomatic patients, transmission through tears is possible.
AJUSTE PSICOLO?GICO EMOCIONAL EN LA POBLACIO?N INFANTO JUVENIL EN SITUACIO?N DE CONFLICTO SOCIAL, UNA APROXIMACIO?N A LOS ESTILOS DE AFRONTAMIENTO PERSONAL. EL CASO DE NAVARRA
Authors: Gurbindo Marin Miguel Ángel 
Published: May 2021

La infancia y adolescencia en situacio?n de riesgo/conflicto social configura una realidad que por sus caracteri?sticas da lugar a una de las mu?ltiples caras del espacio social de la exclusio?n. Constituye un colectivo que aunque en te?rminos cuantitativos no sea en la actualidad y en el contexto navarro, muy grande, si que lo es su situacio?n de desproteccio?n, deterioro psicosocial y conflicto social permanente. En nuestro caso hablamos de un colectivo cuyas sen?as de identidad se han ido creando en contextos de desproteccio?n severa y prolongada, sin una cobertura ba?sica de sus necesidades fi?sico-biolo?gicas, emocionales y sociales, asi? como con un insuficiente grado de competencias y habilidades para la interaccio?n socio-familiar. Todo lo cual, hace que este colectivo, este? cada vez ma?s presente en el a?mbito de actuacio?n de la salud mental infanto-juvenil.
Palabras clave: Proteccio?n, Infancia, Riesgo, Adolescencia, Crisis, Exclusio?n social, Salud mental.
Abstract
This paper focuses on the analysis of children and adolescents who live in social conflict. Their identity has been formed in a severe and prolonged context of appalling neglect which does not cover their physical-biological, emotional and social needs. Therefore those human beings do not develop their skills to interact with their relatives and ensure the stability of the family unit. The extent of this phenomenon, as one of the many faces of social exclusion, is not so big in Navarra; however, it must be taken into account that lack of protection, psychosocial impairment, and permanent social conflict increases the risk that pubertal children suffer mental health problems.
Keywords: Protection, Childhood, Risk, Adolescence crisis, Social exclusion, Mental health.
Resumo
A infa?ncia e a adolesce?ncia em situac?a?o de risco / conflito social configura uma realidade que por sua natureza leva a uma das muitas faces de espac?o de exclusa?o social. E? um coletivo que, embora quantitativamente na?o seja grande atualmente no contexto Navarro, a sua falta de protec?a?o sim e? grande, assim como a deteriorac?a?o psicossocial e o conflito social permanente. No nosso caso, falamos de um grupo cuja identidade foi sendo criado no contexto de falta de protec?a?o, sem uma cobertura ba?sica de suas necessidades fi?sicas, biolo?gicas, emocionais e sociais, bem como um grau insuficiente de habilidades de compe- te?ncia para a interac?a?o social e familiar. Tudo isso faz com que este grupo esteja cada vez mais presente no a?mbito da atuac?a?o da sau?de mental infanto-juvenil.
Palavras-chave: Protec?a?o, Infa?ncia, Risco, Crise da adolesce?ncia, Exclusa?o social, Sau?de mental.
EL TRABAJO INFORMAL DE LOS VAGONEROS EN EL METRO DE LA CIUDAD DE ME?XICO
Authors: Ramírez Cárdenas Eloísa , Tunal Santiago Gerardo 
Published: May 2021

El objetivo principal de este arti?culo es presentar un estudio exploratorio a partir de un caso que explica de que? forma las condiciones laborales propias del sector informal pudieran determinar la decisio?n de los vendedores ambulantes de permanecer en este en su modalidad de comercio ambulante, especi?ficamente en la venta de arti?culos apo?crifos. La manera en que se operacionalizaron las proposiciones planteadas en la presente investigacio?n fue a trave?s del uso de la observacio?n participante en calidad de compradores y de la aplicacio?n de ocho entrevistas a los vendedores ambulantes mayores de 25 an?os que se dedi- can a la venta de discos compactos (CD’s) piratas dentro de los vagones del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC) Metro de la Li?nea 8 de la Ciudad de Me?xico. Los resultados arrojan que el ingreso, las remuneraciones, la jornada de trabajo y la satisfaccio?n que da el trabajar en el sector informal hace que los sujetos de estudio decidan trabajar en el marco de la informalidad.
Palabras clave: Comercio ambulante, Sector informal, Precariedad laboral, Vagoneros.
Abstract
This paper focuses on the analysis of the decisions made by peddlers to continue working on the streets, specifically selling apocryphal items. Those decisions are based on the working conditions in the informal sector. To collect data, the participant observation was used, as buyers; 8 interviews with vendors, aged over 25, were conducted. These sellers are engaged in the sale of pirated compact discs (CDs) inside the wagons of the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC) Metro Line 8 in Mexico City. The results show that economic income, financial compensation, the working day and the satisfaction of working in the informal sector makes those people keep on working within the framework of informality.
Keywords: Street vendors, Informal sector, Job insecurity, Wagon drivers.
Resumo
O principal objetivo deste artigo e? apresentar um estudo explorato?rio a partir de um caso que explica como as condic?o?es de trabalho no setor informal puderam determinar a decisa?o dos vendedores ambulantes permanecerem em sua modalidade de come?rcio ambulante, especificamente na venda de produtos apo?crifos. As propostas levantadas nesta pesquisa foram realizadas atrave?s do uso da observac?a?o participante com compradores e da aplicac?a?o de 8 entrevistas com os vendedores ambulantes maiores de 25 anos que esta?o envolvidos na venda de discos compactos (CDs) dentro dos vago?es do Sistema de Transporte Pu?blico (STC) Linha de Metro 8 Cidade do Me?xico. Os resultados mostram que a renda, as remunerac?o?es, a jornada de traba- lho e a satisfac?a?o que da? o trabalho no setor informal faz com que os sujeitos deste estudo optem por trabalhar no a?mbito da informalidade.
Palavras-chave: Vendedores ambulantes, Sector informal, Inseguranc?a no emprego.
FEMINICIDIO EN COLOMBIA: RECONOCIMIENTO DE FENO?MENO SOCIAL A DELITO
Authors: Huertas Díaz Omar , Jiménez Rodríguez Nayibe Paola 
Published: May 2021

El presente arti?culo tiene como finalidad evidenciar el desarrollo y construccio?n del te?rmino feminicidio en Colombia, a trave?s de la descripcio?n de sus antecedentes, hasta el momento que inicia su consolidacio?n gracias a la motivacio?n de los movimientos feministas, asi? como de mujeres en Latinoame?rica, dando paso al uso del te?rmino en Colombia por parte de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, entidad que lo emplea en una sentencia que dirime un recurso de apelacio?n. Finalmente se realiza la descripcio?n del feminicidio como un delito auto?nomo, pues Colombia para el mes de Julio de 2015 sanciono la norma que lo contempla como tal.
Palabras clave: Feminicidio, Feno?meno social, Delito.
Abstract
This article aims to show the development of the notion of femicide in Colombia. This document outlines its historical background by analyzing how the empowerment feminist movements have made the society aware of this phenomenon. It was the Supreme Court, the highest judicial body that used this notion to give a decision on an appeal. Finally, the description of femicide as a separate offense was enacted as law in July 2015, in Colombia.
Keywords: Femicide, Social phenomenon, Criminal offense.
Resumo
Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar o desenvolvimento e construc?a?o do feminici?dio na Colo?mbia, atrave?s da descric?a?o de sua histo?ria, iniciando sua consolidac?a?o grac?as a? motivac?a?o do movimento feminista e de mulheres na Ame?rica Latina, dando passo para o uso do termo na Colo?mbia pelo Supremo Tribunal de Justic?a, uma organizac?a?o que utilizou o termo em uma sentenc?a a um recurso de apelac?a?o. Finalmente, se efetua a descric?a?o do feminici?dio como uma infracc?a?o auto?noma para a Colo?mbia no me?s de julho de 2015 que sancionou a norma validando o termo.
Palavras-chave: Femici?dio, Feno?meno social, Crime.
LA E?TICA JUDICIAL EN LA REGULACIO?N DEL MATRIMONIO IGUALITARIO
Authors: Córdoba Baviera Alfonso 
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo tiene una empresa u?ltima concretamente establecida que es la de hacer un barrido expositivo y anali?tico por la apertura del concepto matrimonio a acepciones o realidades hasta principios del siglo XXI jama?s planteadas. Esto es, crear un camino de acceso a la institucio?n matrimonial para las uniones entre personas del mismo sexo. En el caso espan?ol, objeto de este estudio, se ha dado gracias a la aplicacio?n de la e?tica judicial por parte de los Magistrados del Tribunal Constitucional que, con motivo de la mutacio?n constitucional llevada a cabo por el legislador ordinario, se han visto en la obligacio?n de dar un giro jurisprudencial en atencio?n a las demandas de una sociedad cuya realidad es dina?mica y cambiante. Ya el Tribunal Constitucional no ostenta el ti?tulo de legislador negativo sino que, su funcio?n social es mucho ma?s profunda, es el encargado de dar validez y legitimidad a la Constitucio?n.
Palabras clave: Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo, E?tica judicial, Tribunal Constitucional.
Abstract
The concrete, ultimate aim of this paper is to make an expository and analytical clear-out to open the concept of marriage to meanings or realities never considered until the early twenty-first century. That is, to create an access road to the institution of marriage to unions between people of the same sex. In the case of Spain, the subject of this study, such road has been created thanks to the application of judicial ethics by judges of the Constitutional Court. On the occasion of the constitutional change carried out by the ordinary legislator, they felt the obligation to provide a jurisprudential turn in response to the demands of a society whose reality is dynamic and changing. The Constitutional Court no longer holds the title of a negative legislator but rather, with a much deeper social function, it is in charge of conferring validity and legitimacy to the Constitution.
Keywords: Same-sex marriage, Judicial ethics, Constitutional Court.
Resumo
Este trabalho tem a finalidade especi?fica de realizar uma varredura expositiva e anali?tica varrido pela abertura do conceito de casamento ate? o ini?cio do se?culo XXI. Ou seja, criar uma estrada de acesso a? instituic?a?o do casamento a unio?es entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. No caso espanhol, objeto deste estudo, se deu grac?as a? implementac?a?o da e?tica judicial por parte dos Jui?zes do Tribunal Constitucional, por ocasia?o da mudanc?a constitucional realizada pelo legislador ordina?rio, eles se viram na obrigac?a?o de efetuar uma mudanc?a jurisprudencial em atenc?a?o a?s exige?ncias de uma sociedade cuja realidade e? dina?mica e muta?vel. E o Tribunal Constitucional na?o dete?m o ti?tulo de legislador negativo, mas a sua func?a?o social e? muito mais profunda, e? o responsa?vel por dar validade e legitimidade a? Constituic?a?o.
Palavras-chave: Casamento do mesmo sexo, A e?tica judicial, Tribunal Constitucional.