bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farm-Level Cost Drivers of Salmonid Fish Health Inspections
Authors: Engle Carole , van Senten Jonathan , Schwarz Michael , Hartman Kathleen , Gustafson Lori , Johnson Kamina , Creekmore Lynn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Regulatory costs on aquaculture farms have been shown to be of a magnitude that warrants additional analysis. The drivers of farm-level costs of fish health inspections were identified in this study from national survey data on U.S. salmonid farms. The greatest costs identified were related primarily to state fish health requirements for inspection and testing to certify that fish are free of specific pathogens prior to approval of necessary permits to sell and/or transport animals. Fish health inspection costs included laboratory testing, farm personnel time, veterinary fees, and shipping samples to laboratories, with laboratory testing and the value of farm personnel time being the most expensive components. Principal cost drivers were the number of tests and whether required sampling was farmwide or for each lot as identified by the collector. Farmers who primarily sold into recreational markets had greater fish health costs than farmers who primarily sold food fish because of the greater numbers of species and size-/age-classes of salmonids on their farms. Regulatory requirements to test all species and size-/age-classes on farms increased inspection costs by increasing the total number of tests, the total value of fish sacrificed, and shipping costs. Consequently, for farms with more than one species or more than one size-/age-class, annual farm-level testing was less costly than annual lot-based testing. Increased numbers of tests in a given year, although reported by only a few respondents, can increase costs dramatically and turn profitable farms unprofitable, even food fish farms. Smaller salmonid farms experienced disproportionately greater inspection cost burdens than did larger farms. The fish health inspection scenario of only one annual inspection of only the most susceptible species and size-/age-class showed a cost burden that did not generate economic distress, even on smaller salmonid farms. Other scenarios modeled (based on survey data) that included lot-based surveys of multiple species and size-/age-classes resulted in substantially greater fish health inspection costs that led to unprofitability for various farm sizes and business types. Study results suggest that implementing Comprehensive Aquaculture Health Program Standards might allow for risk- and pathogen-based reductions in the total number of inspections and fish sampled while maintaining equivalent or greater health status compared to current methods. American Fisheries Society–Fish Health Section Blue Book inspection methods are interpreted and applied inconsistently across states and generally yield lot- rather than farm-level health attestations because the history of testing results, risk assessment, and biosecurity practices are not typically taken into account. The cost effects of alternative fish health sampling and testing requirements should be considered in decisions and policy on fish health regulation.
Roadmap for Sustainable Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conducting Membranes
Authors: Chen Guoxing , Feldhoff Armin , Weidenkaff Anke , Li Claudia , Liu Shaomin , Zhu Xuefeng , Sunarso Jaka , Huang Kevin , Wu Xiao‐Yu , Ghoniem Ahmed F. , Yang Weishen , Xue Jian , Wang Haihui , Shao Zongping , Duffy Jack H. , Brinkman Kyle S. , Tan Xiaoyao , Zhang Yan , Jiang Heqing , Costa Rémi , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas , Kriegel Ralf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMixed ionic‐electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes have gained growing interest recently for various promising environmental and energy applications, such as H2and O2production, CO2reduction, O2and H2separation, CO2separation, membrane reactors for production of chemicals, cathode development for solid oxide fuel cells, solar‐driven evaporation and energy‐saving regeneration as well as electrolyzer cells for power‐to‐X technologies. The purpose of this roadmap, written by international specialists in their fields, is to present a snapshot of the state‐of‐the‐art, and provide opinions on the future challenges and opportunities in this complex multidisciplinary research field. As the fundamentals of using MIEC membranes for various applications become increasingly challenging tasks, particularly in view of the growing interdisciplinary nature of this field, a better understanding of the underlying physical and chemical processes is also crucial to enable the career advancement of the next generation of researchers. As an integrated and combined article, it is hoped that this roadmap, covering all these aspects, will be informative to support further progress in academics as well as in the industry‐oriented research toward commercialization of MIEC membranes for different applications.
CuO/Ag2S/CuS Nanohybrids‐Integrated Photoelectric and Photothermal Effects for Ultrasensitive Detection of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Jing , Zhang Qinghua , Zhu Qinshu , Liu Xinhe , Wang Zhaoyin , Dai Zhihui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPromotion of the photoelectric (PE) response is of great importance for improving performances of solar cells, photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing. Herein, advanced CuO/Ag2S/CuS nanohybrids (NHs) are developed in which the CuO/Ag2S NHs have superior PE properties while the CuS nanoparticles own notable photothermal (PT) feature. Under illumination of 850 nm light, the CuO/Ag2S NHs are in‐situ heated by the PT effect of CuS, which significantly facilitates carrier generation and migration, thus eventually increasing related PE response by 1.4 times with a PT contribution percentage of 34.3% to the total photocurrent. Based on this PT‐promoted PE mechanism together with an enzymatic catalysis‐induced Cu species regulation, a bio‐friendly PEC sensing platform is established, realizing the sensitive determination of inorganic pyrophosphatase with a broad detection range from 0.05 to 35 mU ml−1 and a low detection limit of 0.02 mU ml−1. In particular, further variable temperature tests show that this PT effect is even capable of shrinking the band gap of CuS (from ≈2.1 to ≈1.3 eV), expanding the wavelength range of adoptable excitation light, thereby being beneficial for biological applications. In comparison with other methods, promotion of PE response with PT effect has few restrictions on photoactive materials, and is therefore valuable to various PE‐relevant applications.
Reconfigurable Carbon Nanotube Barristor
Authors: Lu Gaotian , Wei Yang , Li Xuanzhang , Peng Ruixuan , Zhang Guangqi , Mei Zhen , Liang Liang , Liu Kai , Li Qunqing , Fan Shoushan , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs the semiconductor industry enters the post‐Moore era, reconfigurability on the device level, that incorporates multifunction in a device unit to realize more complex systems with more compact logic gates, is a promising methodology to extend the development of integrated circuit industry. Here, a reconfigurable carbon nanotube (CNT) barristor is developed on the basis of a Schottky barrier (SB) CNT transistor. The device shows a significant rectifying characteristic and can be reconfigured to a forward rectifying mode or a backward rectifying mode by applying an appropriate gate voltage. The reconfigurability originates from the ambipolar characteristics of the CNT channel, and the rectification behaviors can be attributed to the drain‐induced self‐gating effect. Additional experiments reveal that it is the interfacial charge redistribution that plays the role of an additional gate on the SB near the drain. A gate‐controllable half‐wave rectifier has been fabricated by using the reconfigurable CNT barristor. The CNT barristor brings new functions to CNT electronic devices and also opens up a new methodology for future reconfigurable device design.
Erythrocyte Membrane Camouflaged Metal–Organic Framework Nanodrugs for Remodeled Tumor Microenvironment and Enhanced Tumor Chemotherapy
Authors: Qiao Chaoqiang , Wang Xiaofei , Liu Guohuan , Yang Zuo , Jia Qian , Wang Lexuan , Zhang Ruili , Xia Yuqiong , Wang Zhongliang , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) in solid tumors causes limited drug penetration and hypoxia‐mediated chemoresistance, which lead to poor chemotherapy outcomes. To solve this problem, a biomimetic metal–organic framework nanodrug (ZIF‐8‐DOX‐LY‐RM) is developed with red blood cell membrane (RM) camouflage and encapsulation of type 1 transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFBR1) inhibitor and doxorubicin (DOX) for efficient chemotherapy. Based on the biomimetic properties of the erythrocyte membrane, ZIF‐8‐DOX‐LY‐RM can effectively accumulate in tumor tissues with immune escape and prolonged blood circulation. Then, the enriched nanodrug ZIF‐8‐DOX‐LY‐RM releases the TGFBR1 to remove collagen, subsequently leading to enhanced nanodrug penetration and increased oxygen supply. The abundant oxygen supply then relieves hypoxia‐mediated chemoresistance of DOX through increased cellular uptake and elevated reactive oxygen species production. The in vivo studies demonstrate the outstanding performance of ZIF‐8‐DOX‐LY‐RM nanoparticles in chemotherapy of cancer. This work presents an ECM normalization strategy for the synergistic collagen depletion and hypoxia alleviation and opens a promising avenue for effective chemotherapy of solid tumors.
Wind‐Driven Soft‐Contact Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Rabbit Fur with High Performance and Durability for Smart Farming
Authors: Han Jiajia , Feng Yawei , Chen Pengfei , Liang Xi , Pang Hao , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWind energy, as one kind of renewable and sustainable energy sources, is expected to solve the problem of energy consumption and environment deterioration. Here, an improved rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using rabbit fur‐based soft‐contact (SCR‐TENG) with segmented structure for harvesting low‐speed wind energy is design and fabricated. The adopted soft raw‐rabbit fur shows excellent performance in triboelectrification and is beneficial to reducing frictional resistance and prolonging the lifetime of device. After 480 000 cycles, no obvious wear is observed on the dielectric film surface, and the transferred charge is not significantly attenuated. The mechanical‐to‐electrical energy conversion efficiency of 15.4% can be achieved. Moreover, self‐powered applications have been successfully demonstrated in night direction indication, insect trapping, soil moisture detection, ambient temperature and humidity detection, and signal transmission, powered by SCR‐TENG, toward smart farming.
An Up‐to‐Date Review on Alginate Nanoparticles and Nanofibers for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Dodero Andrea , Alberti Stefano , Gaggero Giulia , Ferretti Maurizio , Botter Rodolfo , Vicini Silvia , Castellano Maila 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlginate is a naturally occurring polysaccharide commonly derived from brown algae cell walls which possesses unique features that make it extremely promising for several biomedical and pharmaceutical purposes. Alginate biomaterials are indeed nowadays gaining increasing interest in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications owing to their intrinsic biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, versatility, low cost, and ease of functionalization. Specifically, alginate‐based nanostructures show enhanced capabilities with respect to alginate bulk materials in the targeted delivery of drugs and chemotherapies, as well as in helping tissue reparation and regeneration. Hence, it is not surprising that the number of scientific reports related to this topic have rapidly grown in the last decade. With these premises, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art of the most recent advances in the preparation of alginate‐based nanoparticles and electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery, cancer therapy, and tissue engineering purposes. After a short introduction concerning the general properties and uses of alginate and the concept of nanotechnology, the recent literature is then critically presented to highlight the main advantages of alginate‐based nanostructures. Finally, the current limitations and the future perspectives and objectives are discussed in detail.
Targeting RNA with Next‐ and Third‐Generation Sequencing Improves Pathogen Identification in Clinical Samples
Authors: Zhao Na , Cao Jiabao , Xu Jiayue , Liu Beibei , Liu Bin , Chen Dingqiang , Xia Binbin , Chen Liang , Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Xuan , Duan Zhimei , Wang Kaifei , Xie Fei , Xiao Kun , Yan Wei , Xie Lixin , Zhou Hongwei , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFast and accurate identification of microbial pathogens is critical for the proper treatment of infections. Traditional culture‐based diagnosis in clinics is increasingly supplemented by metagenomic next‐generation‐sequencing (mNGS). Here, RNA/cDNA‐targeted sequencing (meta‐transcriptomics using NGS (mtNGS)) is established to reduce the host nucleotide percentage in clinic samples and by combining with Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) platforms (meta‐transcriptomics using third‐generation sequencing, mtTGS) to improve the sequencing time. It shows that mtNGS improves the ratio of microbial reads, facilitates bacterial identification using multiple‐strategies, and discovers fungi, viruses, and antibiotic resistance genes, and displaying agreement with clinical findings. Furthermore, longer reads in mtTGS lead to additional improvement in pathogen identification and also accelerate the clinical diagnosis. Additionally, primary tests utilizing direct‐RNA sequencing and targeted sequencing of ONT show that ONT displays important potential but must be further developed. This study presents the potential of RNA‐targeted pathogen identification in clinical samples, especially when combined with the newest developments in ONT.
Chitosan coated metallic nanoparticles with stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties: Potential for wound healing application
Authors: Sharifiaghdam Maryam , Shaabani Elnaz , Asghari Fatemeh , Faridi‐Majidi Reza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively adopted in the treatment of wounds owing to their proven antibacterial activity and enhanced wound healing effects. This study is aimed at providing a simple technique of synthesis and a comprehensive report from metal‐based NPs including copper, silver, gold, and selenium for wound healing. It also constitutes their application in terms of stability, antibacterial and antioxidant effects as well as cellular interactions. In this study, gold (AuNPs@CS) and selenium (SeNPs@CS) NPs are introduced as highly stable NPs that can provide antioxidant efficacy more than other NPs to reduce ROS levels in H2O2‐induced NIH‐3T3 fibroblast cells. These NPs exhibited antibacterial effects in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, indicating their potential as proper antibiotics. Furthermore, our results revealed that these NPs can exert their antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy with even higher uptake in NIH‐3T3 fibroblast cells for AuNPs@CS, or with the lowest uptake for SeNPs@CS. This provides an opportunity for the modification of NPs by altering their core and thus exert a different effect on the cells based on application. By enhancing the stability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties in AuNPs@Cs and SeNPs@Cs with the least toxicological risk, our concept opens new opportunities to design more efficient wound dressings.
Perspectives in liver redox imbalance: Toxicological and pharmacological aspects underlying iron overloading, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and thyroid hormone action
Authors: Videla Luis A. , Valenzuela Rodrigo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, leading to a disruption of redox signaling and control, and/or molecular damage altering cellular functions. This redox imbalance may trigger different responses depending on the antioxidant potential of a given cell, the level of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) attained and the time of exposure, with protective effects being induced at low ROS/RNS levels in acute or short‐term conditions, and harmful effects after high ROS/RNS exposure in prolonged situations. Relevant conditions underlying liver redox imbalance include iron overload associated with ROS production via Fenton chemistry and the magnitude of the iron labile pool achieved, with low iron exposure inducing protective effects related to nuclear factor‐κB, signal transducer and activation of transcription 3, and nuclear factor erythroid‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation and upregulation of ferritin, hepcidin, acute‐phase response and antioxidant components, whereas high iron exposure causes drastic oxidation of biomolecules, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death due to necrosis, apoptosis and/or ferroptosis. Redox imbalance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion, lipogenic factor sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c upregulation, fatty acid oxidation‐dependent peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α downregulation, low antioxidant factor Nrf2 and insulin resistance, a phenomenon that is exacerbated in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis triggering an inflammatory response. Thyroid hormone (T3) administration determines liver preconditioning against ischemia–reperfusion injury due to the redox activation of several transcription factors, AMP‐activated protein kinase, unfolded protein response and autophagy. High grade liver redox imbalance occurring in severe iron overload is adequately handled by iron chelation, however, that underlying NAFLD/NASH is currently under study in several Phase II and Phase III trials.
Chiroptical properties of anionic and neutral nickel(II) bis(dithiolene) complexes based on methyl and dimethyl‐dddt ligands
Authors: Abhervé Alexandre , Mroweh Nabil , Cauchy Thomas , Pop Flavia , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRacemic and enantiopure nickel(II) bis(dithiolene) anionic and neutral complexes based on the methyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,4‐dithiin‐2,3‐dithiolate (me‐dddt) and dimethyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,4‐dithiin‐2,3‐dithiolate (dm‐dddt) ligands have been experimentally and theoretically investigated with a special focus on their chiroptical properties. According to the time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations, the strong near‐infrared absorption bands typical for such complexes are only weakly active in circular dichroism (CD), and moreover, they have opposite signs for the axial and equatorial conformations, due to the variation of the angle between the transition electric and magnetic dipole moments, thus leading to the mutual cancellation of their contributions and the absence of these bands in the experimental CD spectra. The influence of the number of stereogenic centers and of the oxidation state of the complexes on their chiroptical properties is highlighted. The solid‐state structure of the complex (TMA)[Ni(rac‐me‐dddt)2] (TMA = tetramethylammonium), determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, shows a rather unusual cis arrangement of the two dithiolene ligands, with the methyl substituents adopting an axial conformation, which is not the most stable one in the gas phase.
Basal forebrain magnocellular cholinergic systems are damaged in mice following neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia
Authors: Northington Frances J. , Kratimenos Panagiotis , Turnbill Victoria , Flock Debra L. , Asafu‐Adjaye Daniella , Chavez‐Valdez Raul , Martin Lee J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) causes lifelong neurologic disability. Despite the use of therapeutic hypothermia, memory deficits and executive functions remain severely affected. Cholinergic neurotransmission from the basal forebrain to neocortex and hippocampus is central to higher cortical functions. We examined the basal forebrain by light microscopy and reported loss of choline acetyltransferase‐positive (ChAT)+ neurons, at postnatal day (P) 40, in the ipsilateral medial septal nucleus (MSN) after neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) in mice. There was no loss of ChAT+ neurons in the ipsilateral nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) and striatum. Ipsilateral striatal and nbM ChAT+ neurons were abnormal with altered immunoreactivity for ChAT, shrunken and crenated somas, and dysmorphic appearing dendrites. Using confocal images with 3D reconstruction, nbM ChAT+ dendrites in HI mice were shorter than sham (p = .0001). Loss of ChAT+ neurons in the MSN directly correlated with loss of ipsilateral hippocampal area. In the nbM and striatum, percentage of abnormal ChAT+ neurons correlated with loss of ipsilateral cerebral cortical and striatal area, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity increased in adjacent ipsilateral cerebral cortex and hippocampus and the increase was linearly related to loss of cortical and hippocampal area. Numbers and size of cathepsin D+ lysosomes increased in large neurons in the ipsilateral nbM. After neonatal HI, abnormalities were found throughout the major cholinergic systems in relationship to amount of forebrain area loss. There was also an upregulation of cathepsin D+ particles within the nbM. Cholinergic neuropathology may underlie the permanent dysfunction in learning, memory, and executive function after neonatal brain injury.
Effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions on psychotherapy processes: A systematic review
Authors: Garrote‐Caparrós Elena , Bellosta‐Batalla Miguel , Moya‐Albiol Luis , Cebolla Ausiàs 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the field of psychotherapy, scientific research has highlighted the importance of empathy and therapeutic alliance in regard to the effectiveness and better results of psychological treatments. In recent years, mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) have shown to be effective at increasing empathy and therapeutic alliance and how this could affect the patients' symptomatology. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of MBIs applied to psychotherapists to improve their empathy, the therapeutic alliance and the patients' symptomatology. Sixteen studies evaluating the impact of an MBI on some of these variables were identified, of which six included measures evaluated by the patients whose psychotherapists received the MBI. The risk of bias of the included studies was analysed following the methodological standards. We found very different designs and methodologies in the studies included in this review, with few of them including a control group. The results show a limited increase in empathy, measured by the psychotherapist, after an MBI. However, the results in therapeutic alliance are not conclusive, as well as the improvements in the perception of patients about their symptomatology. It is concluded that MBIs can have a beneficial effect on the psychotherapeutic practice, through the development of psychotherapists' empathy. Future research would require new studies with a higher methodological quality, and in which the effects of MBIs on empathy, therapeutic alliance and patients' symptomatology and the relationships between them are analyzed.