bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of technological factors of magneticelectric strengthening
Authors: Akulovich L. M. , Miranovich A. V. , Dechko M. M. 
Published: January 2021

In order to determine the optimal values of technological factors for electromagnetic hardening process (EMHP), an experimental study of the process of applying ferromagnetic Fe – 2 % V powder coating on 30ХГС (GOST 4543- 71) steel parts was conducted. The process productivity and coating continuity were selected as the target parameters for the EMHP optimization. By applying the experimental design method, based on 5-factor central composite rotatable uniform plan, we have created stochastic models, expressed in regression functions of the second order. It has been determined that the magnetic induction value in the working gap is the most significant technological factor, affecting both target parameters. With the increasing induction magnitude the process productivity and the coating continuity increase non-linearly until the maximum limit value, which was attributed to the forming of current-conductive chains in the working gap, that have varying electrical conductivity and different directions relative to the lines of magnetic field forces. In order to determine the optimal EMHP mode we have solved the problems of finding maximums for greatest productivity and coating continuity within the constraints of the studied factor range. The discovered EMHP-modes, optimal for each separate parameter, coincide only in the value of the magnetic induction and the discharge density. The optimal values for the other control factors belong to different areas of factor range for different optimization parameters. To determine the EMHP modes, balanced against the both parameters, the problem of multicriteria optimization was solved. The obtained solution reveals that the density of discharge currents produces the biggest impact on the process productivity and the coating continuity within the balanced modes. At the same time the high continuity of the coating is achieved by the supplementing increase of peripheral speed of the processed workpiece, which leads to evener distribution of the intensively supplied mass of the ferromagnetic powder on the treated surface. The recommended technological modes of EMHP have been determined, based on the generalized optimality criteria.
Influence of heat treatment on thermokinetic EMF during reverse phase transition in titanium nickelide
Authors: Petrova-Burkina O. A. , Rubanik, Jr. V. V. , Rubanik V. V. , Gamzeleva T. V. 
Published: January 2021

The effect of duration and annealing temperature in the range of 400–800 °C on the thermokinetic EMF value in titanium nickelide, the composition of which is close to the equi-atomic one, at a reverse phase transition was investigated. Thermokinetic EMF was measured directly using a digital millivoltmeter MNIPI V7-72. The phase and elemental composition of the alloy and the kinetics of thermoelastic phase transformations have been checked by X-ray diffraction and calorimetric studies, and X-ray microanalysis. Annealing at temperatures of 500 and 800 °C leads to an increase in the thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.25 mV. Removal of the oxide layer from the sample surface annealed at 700 °C for 0.5 h leads to an increase in the thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.26 mV for the 1-st thermal cycle. It was found that thermal cycling causes a decrease in the thermokinetic EMF values down to 0.98 mV for the 20th thermal cycle for the samples without an oxide layer and to 0.3 mV for the samples with an oxide layer, respectively. With the increase in annealing time up to 20 h at 700 °C, the decrease in the thermokinetic emf value to 0.16 mV was observed. The thermokinetic EMF value after heat treatment is associated with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the alloy and characterized by a shift of the characteristic temperatures of the phase transition. The research results are important for understanding the physics of thermoelectric phenomena in shape memory alloys during nonstationary heating and can be used both to control the homogeneity of their physical and mechanical properties and to design smart actuators and sensors, mechanisms of control systems.
Kinetics of heat and moisture exchange and method for calculating the duration of the convective drying process of natural leather
Authors: Alshansky A. I. , Klimentyev A. L. 
Published: January 2021

Methods for processing experimental data based on generalized variables of the drying process, which characterize the most general patterns of drying in a period of decreasing speed, are considered. A method for processing experimental data based on the expanded level of drying kinetics is presented, which allows obtaining all dependencies for calculating the main parameters of the drying process. Equations are given for determining the densities of heat fluxes, the intensity of moisture evaporation, the temperature of the material, and the duration of drying for the period of falling speed. A dependence is given for calculating the Rebinder number, which establishes a relationship between moisture exchange and heat exchange for the second drying period. The values of all the coefficients in the equation for the Nusselt heat transfer criterion, which are necessary for determining the heat transfer coefficients, have been established. Calculations of the heat transfer coefficient for a number of modes of natural leather drying are presented. On the basis of the method for calculating the drying kinetics developed by B.S. Sazhin, an equation was established to determine the drying time of leather, which describes the entire drying process, including both drying periods. This method of calculating the kinetics of drying contains a minimum number of coefficients determined empirically, which reduces the amount of work at processing these experiments and the number of necessary experiments. The main constants in the criterial heat transfer equation for determining the heat transfer coefficient have been determined. Verification of the reliability of all obtained equations and comparison of the calculated and experimental values for all parameters of the drying kinetics are given. The obtained results of the study of drying natural leathers make it possible to control the technological process, preventing overdrying of the leather, disturbing the temperature regime, which leads to a reduction in energy costs for drying.
Application of neuron networks of deep learning for exposures editing of digital phonograms
Authors: Solovyov V. I. , Rybalskiy O. V. , Zhuravel V. V. , Zheleznyak V. K. 
Published: January 2021

Possibility of creation of effective system, which is intended for exposure of tracks of editing in digital phonograms and is built on the basis of neuron networks of the deep learning, is experimentally proven. Sense of experiment consisted in research of ability of the systems on the basis of such networks to expose pauses with tracks of editing. The experimental array of data is created in a voice editor from phonograms written on the different apparatus of the digital audio recording (at frequency of discretisation 44,1 kHz). A preselection of pauses was produced from it, having duration from 100 мs to a few seconds. From 1000 selected pauses the array of fragments of pauses is formed in the automatic (computer) mode, from which the arrays of fragments of pauses of different duration are generated by a dimension about 100 000. For forming of array of fragments of pauses with editing, the chosen pauses were divided into casual character parts in arbitrary correlation. Afterwards, the new pauses were created from it with the fixed place of editing. The general array of all fragments of pauses was broken into training and test arrays. The maximum efficiency, achieved on a test array in the process of educating, was determined. In general case this efficiency is determined by the maximum size of probability of correct classification of fragments with editing and fragments without editing. Scientifically reasonable methodology of exposure of signs of editing in digital phonograms is offered on the basis of neuron networks of the deep learning. The conducted experiments showed that the construction of the effective system is possible for the exposure of such tracks. Further development of methodology must be directed to find the ways to increase the probability of correct binary classification of investigated pauses.
السياسة الخارجية السعودية تجاه دول القرن الافريقي اثيوبيا والصومال أنموذجاً
Authors: النداوي أ.م.د.مهند عبد الواحد 
Published: January 2021

عمدت السعودية منذ بدايات العقد الثاني من القرن الحادي والعشرين، الى العمل على انتهاج سياسة خارجية منفتحة تجاه العديد من دول القرن الافريقي، وفي مقدمتها مع اثيوبيا والصومال، نظراً للمزايا التي تمتلكها الاخيرة من الناحية الجيوستراتيجية.
وعلى الرغم من اتجاه السياسة الخارجية السعودية بالتطور تجاه اثيوبيا والصومال، الا انها سرعان ما تاثرت بالتوتر اثر الاحداث التي مرت بها دول الخليج والمتمثلة في الازمة القطرية مع العربية السعودية، ولا سيما بعدما التزمت اغلب دول القرن الافريقي بسياسة الحياد تجاه الازمة الخليجية_الخليجية.
وهكذا يتبين، انه بالرغم من القرب الجغرافيوالعلاقات التاريخية والاقتصادية والسياسية بين العربية السعودية، وبين دول القرن الافريقي ومن بينها الصومال - البلد العربي الافريقي- واثيوبيا، الا انه لم ينل دول القرن الافريقي الاهتمام والتطور في العلاقات من الدول العربية، قياساً بباقي الدول الاقليمية كتركيا وايران و(اسرائيل).
تأثير التنشئة الاجتماعية والسياسية في الاتجاه نحو التطرف
Authors: عمر م.د.عماد رزيك 
Published: January 2021

يتناول البحث تأثير طبيعة التنشئة الاجتماعية والسياسية في التوجه نحو التطرف من خلال تتبع المؤسسات والمعتقدات التي يمر بها الفرد خلال دورة حياته وقد تم التطرق لدور العائلة والجماعة والمدرسة والتعليم والدين في اكتساب نوازع التطرف سواء بوجه علني أم بوجه مستتر، مركزين على السياقات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية التي تعد بيئة حاضنة للتطرف، يدعمها شكل الجماعة والمعتقدات التي تتبناها سواء المباشرة من خلال الدين أو غير مباشر من خلال طبيعة التعليم، اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على الادبيات السياسية التي تناولت هذا الموضوع والتي ركزت على ظاهرة التطرف التي اجتاحت العالم مؤخراً
افتتاحية العدد آفاق السياسة الخارجية الامريكية بعد فوز جو بايدن في الانتخابات الامريكية 2020
Authors: علوان أ.م.د.بتول حسين 
Published: January 2021

آفاق السياسة الخارجية الامريكية بعد فوز جو بايدن في الانتخابات الامريكية 2020

اثار الكثير من المختصين والباحثين في توجهات السياسة الخارجية الامريكية وخاصة بعد تداول السلطة مابين الجمهوريين والديمقراطيين ، العديد من التساؤلات حول آفاق السياسة الخارجية الامريكية تجاه الكثير من القضايا على المستوى العالمي وهل سيتبع جو بايدن نهج مقارب لسلفه ام سيكون هناك تغيير جوهري وكبير في توجهات السياسة الخارجية الامريكية ، ويمكن لنا ان نؤشر بعض النقاط حول الموضوع منها :
1- ستسعى الادارة الديمقراطية القادمة الى تبني نهج مغاير لمقاربات الرئيس (ترامب) على مستوى السياسة الخارجية في بعض مفاصلها بحجة انها تتخللها عيوب عدة .
2- اعلن (بايدن) في حملته الانتخابية عن تبنيه في حال فوزه سياسة خارجية تؤكد على قيادة الولايات المتحدة للنظام الدولي ومؤسساته التي ساهمت الولايات المتحدة الامريكية في تأسيسها اعقاب نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية ، كتعهده بالعودة الى منظمة الصحة العالمية التي انسحبت منها الولايات المتحدة في ظل ادارة ترامب ، فضلاً عن مراجعة انسحاب الولايات المتحدة من عدد من المعاهدات والاتفاقات الدولية ، كأنسحابها من اتفاقية باريس للمناخ ، والانسحاب من الاتفاق النووي الايراني ومن مجلس حقوق الانسان التابع للأمم المتحدة وغيرها .
3- ستعيد الولايات المتحدة النظر في تحالفاتها في المنطقة وخاصة تحالفاتها مع النظام السعودي والاماراتي والمصري ، كما ستعيد النظر في علاقاتها مع ايران على الرغم من التصريح الرسمي الايراني بان سياسة الولايات المتحدة الخارجية لاتتغير بتغير الادارات الامريكية .
4- يتشارك الرئيس الامريكي المنتخب مع سلطة الرئيس الامريكي (ترامب) التوجهات الخارجية ذاتها تجاه بعض القضايا ، اذ اوضح (بايدن) مراراً وتكراراً انه سيسعى الى الحفاظ على التنافس مع الصين ولن يُقدِم على الرفع الفوري للتعريفات المفروضة عليها ، كما انه سيتبنى سياسة خارجية تخدم مصالح الطبقة الوسطى الامريكية ، فضلاً عن انه قد يستمر على نفس نهج سلفه فيما يخص الاتفاقيات الجديدة مع كندا والمكسيك التي حلت محل اتفاقية التجارة الحرة في منطقة امريكا الشمالية (نافتا) ، وموضوع نقل السفارة الامريكية من القدس الى تل ابيب كون السياسة الخارجية الامريكية تجاه اسرائيل تعد من الثوابت ووصف (نتانياهو) (بايدن) بانه صديقاً عظيماً لإسرائيل.
Pengaruh Islamic Human Capital dan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bank Syariah
Authors: Ningsih Rahayu , Asyari Asyari , Izmuddin Iiz 
Published: January 2021

<p dir="ltr"><em>This study aims to measure the effect of Islamic Human Capital and career development on the performance of Islamic Bank employees in Pasaman district. This research was a causality research with a quantitative approach based on statistical data and empirical data at the research location. The population in this study were employees of Islamic Banks in Pasaman district. Sampling was carried out by total sampling, consisting of Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Syariah BTPN and Bank Nagari Syariah, as many as 32 people. Data were collected using questionnaires, observation and documentation. Based on the results of the data analysis, it appears that Islamic Human Capital has a positive effect on employee performance (p-value = 0.000). While the career development variable does not have a positive and significant effect on employee performance (p-value = 0.589). Simultaneously, the Islamic Human Capital variable and career development have an effect on employee performance (p-value = 0.000). The findings of this study reveal the importance of improving Islamic Human Capital and career development efforts in improving the performance of Islamic Bank employees, especially in Pasaman district</em></p><div><span><br /></span><p dir="ltr"><span>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh </span><span>Islamic Human Capital </span><span>dan pengembangan karir</span><span>terhadap kinerja karyawan Bank Syariah di Kabupaten Pasaman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kausalitas dengan pendekatan kuantitatif berdasarkan data statistik dan data empiris di lokasi penelitian. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan dari Bank Syariah yang terdapat di Kabupaten Pasaman. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan </span><span>total sampling</span><span>, yang terdiri dari Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Syariah BTPN dan Bank Nagari Syariah, sebanyak 32 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan metode kuesioner, observasi dan dokumentasi, Berdasarkan hasil analisis data terlihat bahwa </span><span>Islamic Human Capital</span><span> berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan (p-value = 0,000). Sedangkan variabel pengembangan karir tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan (p-value = 0,589). Secara simultan, variabel </span><span>Islamic Human Capital</span><span> dan pengembangan karir berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan (p-value = 0.000). Temuan penelitian ini mengungkap pentingnya perbaikan </span><span>Islamic Human Capital </span><span>dan dan upaya pengembangan karir dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan Bank Syariah, terutama di kabupaten Pasaman</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div></div>
Kontribusi UMKM terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat Ponorogo: Analisis Ekonomi Islam tentang Strategi Bertahan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Putri Sedinadia 
Published: January 2021

<p><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of MSMEs on the income of community in an Islamic perspective, and also find out how the strategies of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) can survive in the Covid-19 pandemic. This study was a field research based on qualitative method. The results of showed that MSMEs in Ponorogo district are able to contribute to the surrounding residents, namely by providing jobs. This clearly gives welfare to the community in general and especially to the owner. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a strategic economic sector and involve the livelihoods of many people, thus affecting the national economy. In the Islamic economic perspectives, UMKM is a legalized economic activity. There is no prohibition as long as the business being carried out does not deviate from the Islamic religion. The sustainability and existence of the MSME business is influenced by two factors, namely internal factors in the form of economic motives while external factors in the form of the economic environment which are usually used as a person's life theme. In addition, during a pandemic like today, business owners must have a strategy so that their business continues and does not suffer too large losses. No exception sharia business owners must also have a strategy so that Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are able to recover economic shocks during the Covid-19 pandemic.</em></p><p dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh UMKM terhadap pendapatan masyarakat dalam perspektif Islam, dan bagaimana strategi usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) dapat bertahan dari pandemic Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa UMKM di kabupaten Ponorogo tersebut mampu memberikan kontribusi terhadap warga sekitarnya, yaitu dengan memberikan lapangan pekerjaan. Hal ini jelas memberikan kesejahteraan terhadap masyarakat pada umumnya dan khususnya pada pemilik. Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan sektor ekonomi yang strategis dan melibatkan mata pencaharian orang banyak, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap perekonomian nasional. Ekonomi Islam memandang bahwa tidak ada larangan selama usaha yang dijalankan tidak melenceng dari agama Islam. Keberlangsungan dan keberadaan bisnis UMKM dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor internal berupa motif ekonomi sedangkan faktor eksternal berupa lingkungan ekonomi yang biasanya dijadikan tempat hidup seseorang. Selain itu, di masa pandemi seperti saat ini pemilik bisnis harus mempunyai strategi agar bisnisnya tetap berjalan dan tidak mengalami kerugian yang terlalu besar. Tak terkecuali pemilik bisnis syariah juga harus memiliki strategi agar Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah mampu memulihkan guncangan ekonomi dimasa pandemi covid-19.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div><p><em><br /></em></p><p> </p><p> </p>
Analisis Biaya Produksi dan Keuntungan Bagi Peternak Muslim di Kawasan Sentra Produksi (KSP) Payakumbuh Sumatera Barat
Authors: Apriyeni Deltri , Wati Wati , Rahmania Meri 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstrak"><em>This study aims to describe the advantages of the Payakumbuh Production Center Area (popular as KSP) as a suitable production area in terms of production cost efficiency and business profits obtained by Muslim stockbreeder in the Payakumbuh area of West Sumatra. The study was conducted on Payakumbuh KSP and as comparative data taken business locations that are outside Payakumbuh KSP. The data used are primary data obtained from laying hens breeders. The total number of breeders in the KSP location was made as research objects i.e. 67 people and as a comparison data using 67 farmers who had business locations outside the KSP. The analyszed data using statistics with different test formulations between the two business locations. The results showed that there was no characteristic difference between breeders who tried at the Payakumbuh KSP business location and outside the Payakumbuh KSP. Based on the difference test between the two business locations, there is a significant difference in production costs and business profits obtained between breeders located on the Payakumbuh KSP and outside the Payakumbuh KSP. This study recommends the importance of the Payakumbuh KSP in determining the sustainability of the business run by breeders.</em></p><p class="abstrak"> </p><p class="abstrak">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan keunggulan Kawasan Sentra Produksi (KSP) Payakumbuh sebagai kawasan produksi yang sesuai dari segi efisiensi biaya produksi dan keuntungan usaha yang diperoleh para peternak muslim di daerah Payakumbuh Sumatera Barat. Studi dilakukan di KSP Payakumbuh dan sebagai data pembanding diambil lokasi usaha yang berada di luar KSP Payakumbuh. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer yang diperoleh dari peternak ayam petelur. Jumlah total peternak di lokasi KSP dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian yaitu 67 orang dan sebagai data pembanding menggunakan 67 peternak yang memiliki lokasi usaha di luar KSP. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik dengan formulasi uji yang berbeda antara dua lokasi usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik antara peternak yang mencoba di lokasi usaha KSP Payakumbuh dengan di luar KSP Payakumbuh. Berdasarkan uji beda antara kedua lokasi usaha, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara biaya produksi dan keuntungan usaha yang diperoleh antara peternak yang berada di KSP Payakumbuh dan di luar KSP Payakumbuh. Studi ini merekomendasikan pentingnya keberadaan KSP Payakumbuh dalam menentukan kelangsungan usaha yang dijalankan oleh para peternak.</p>
Prinsip Epistemologi Makrifat dalam Tasawuf Bagi Penguatan Karakter
Authors: Burhanuddin Nunu 
Published: January 2021

<p><em>This paper elaborates the concept of knowledge according to the Sufis through the concept of makrifat, which is hierarchically achieved through a process of soul purification (</em>tazkiyah al-nafs<em>). From this process is born awareness of the oneness of Allah, the Most Absolute, which involves the potential of the senses and reason. The research in this article uses the literature study method of Sufism written by Sufis, especially when discussing the subject of makrifat. Such as the works of </em>Rasâil al-Junaid<em> by Al-Junaid al-Baghdadi, </em>Ihya 'Ulum al-Din<em> by Abu Hâmid al-Ghazali, and </em>Kitab al-Zuhud<em> by Ahmad bin Hanbal. The results showed that there are epistemological principles in the science of Sufism (</em>makrifat<em>) that can lead to the acquisition of rational knowledge that is integrated with righteous deeds and the formation of character. These epistemological principles are in the form of liberation of ego, superego, and lust, principles of piety and sincerity, principles of faith that guarantee the functionalization of reason, and principles of revelation that ratify empirical, rational, and intuitive knowledge. These epistemological principles are seen as relevant for the creation of character education and complete human action.</em></p><p> </p><p>Tulisan ini mengelaborasi konsep pengetahuan menurut para sufi melalui konsep makrifat, yang secara hirarkis dicapai melalui proses penyucian jiwa <em>(tazkiyah al-nafs)</em>.<em> </em>Dari<em> </em>proses<em> </em>ini<em> </em>lahirlah kesadaran akan keesaan Allah Yang Maha Absolut yang melibatkan potensi inderawi dan rasio. Penelitian dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan atas karya-karya tasawuf yang ditulis oleh para sufi, khususnya ketika membahas perihal makrifat. Seperti karya <em>Rasâil al-Junaid </em>oleh Al-Junaid al-Baghdadi<em>, Ihya ‘Ulum al-Din </em>oleh Abu Hâmid al-Ghazali, dan <em>Kitab al-Zuhud </em>oleh Ahmad bin Hanbal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat prinsip-prinsip epistemologi dalam ilmu tasawuf (makrifat) yang dapat mengantarkan kepada perolehan pengetahuan rasional yang terintegrasi dengan amal saleh dan terbentuknya karakter. Prinsip-prinsip epistemologis tersebut berupa pembebasan ego, super ego dan hawa nafsu, prinsip kesalehan dan kesungguhan, prinsip iman yang menjamin fungsionalisasi akal, serta prinsip kewahyuan yang meratifikasi pengetahuan empiris, rasional dan intuitif. Prinsip-prinsip epistemologis ini dipandang relevan bagi terciptanya pendidikan berkarakter dan tindakan paripurna manusia.</p>