bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial residues, and bacterial community diversity in pasture-raised poultry, swine, and beef cattle manures
Authors: Rothrock Michael James , Min Byeng Ryel , Castleberry Lana , Waldrip Heidi , Parker David , Brauer David , Pitta Dipti , Indugu Nagaraju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnimal manure can be a source of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and pharmaceutical residues; however, few studies have evaluated the presence of ARG in pasture-raised animal production systems. The objective of this study was to examine changes in microbiome diversity and the presence of antibiotic residues (ABRs) on three farms that contained a diverse range of animal species: pasture-raised poultry (broiler and layer), swine, and beef cattle. Total bacterial communities were determined using 16S rRNA microbiome analysis, while specific ARGs (sulfonamide [Sul; Sul1] and tetracycline [Tet; TetA]) were enumerated by qPCR (real-time PCR). Results indicated that the ARG abundances (Sul1 [P &lt; 0.05] and TetA [P &lt; 0.001]) were higher in layer hen manures (16.5 × 10−4 and 1.4 × 10−4 µg kg−1, respectively) followed by broiler chickens (2.9 × 10−4 and 1.7 × 10−4 µg kg−1, respectively), swine (0.22 × 10−4 and 0.20 × 10−4 µg kg−1, respectively) and beef cattle (0.19 × 10−4 and 0.02 × 10−4 µg kg−1, respectively). Average fecal TetA ABR tended to be greater (P = 0.09) for broiler chickens (11.4 µg kg−1) than for other animal species (1.8 to 0.06 µg kg−1), while chlortetracycline, lincomycin, and oxytetracycline ABRs were similar among animal species. Furthermore, fecal microbial richness and abundances differed significantly (P &lt; 0.01) both among farms and specific species of animal. This study indicated that the microbial diversity, ABR, ARG concentrations, and types in feces varied from farm-to-farm and from animal species-to-animal species. Future studies are necessary to perform detailed investigations of the horizontal transfer mechanism of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and ARG.
Effects of genetic polymorphisms on the sulfation of doxorubicin by human SULT1C4 allozymes
Authors: Gohal Saud A , Rasool Mohammed I , Bairam Ahsan F , Alatwi Eid S , Alherz Fatemah A , Abunnaja Maryam S , El Daibani Amal A , Kurogi Katsuhisa , Liu Ming-Cheh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDoxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug widely utilized in cancer treatment. An enzyme critical to doxorubicin metabolism is the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) SULT1C4. This study investigated the functional impact of SULT1C4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the sulfation of doxorubicin by SULT1C4 allozymes. A comprehensive database search was performed to identify various SULT1C4 SNPs. Ten nonsynonymous SULT1C4 SNPs were selected, and the corresponding cDNAs, packaged in pGEX-2TK expression vector, were generated via site-directed mutagenesis. Respective SULT1C4 allozymes were bacterially expressed and purified by affinity chromatography. Purified SULT1C4 allozymes, in comparison with the wild-type enzyme, were analysed for sulphating activities towards doxorubicin and 4-nitrophenol, a prototype substrate. Results obtained showed clearly differential doxorubicin-sulphating activity of SULT1C4 allozymes, implying differential metabolism of doxorubicin through sulfation in individuals with distinct SULT1C4 genotypes.
Development and validation of a novel mRNA signature for predicting early relapse in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lin Jingping , Weng Jinsen , Lin Shaofeng , Lin Cuibo , Huang Jieping , Zhang Chunxia , Zhang Shen , Dong Chuanpeng , Ji Haizhou , Ke Xi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Recurrence after initial primary resection is still a major and ultimate cause of death for non-small cell lung cancer patients. We attempted to build an early recurrence associated gene signature to improve prognostic prediction of non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods
Propensity score matching was conducted between patients in early relapse group and long-term survival group from The Cancer Genome Atlas training series (N = 579) and patients were matched 1:1. Global transcriptome analysis was then performed between the paired groups to identify tumour-specific mRNAs. Finally, using LASSO Cox regression model, we built a multi-gene early relapse classifier incorporating 40 mRNAs. The prognostic and predictive accuracy of the signature was internally validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas patients.

Results
A total of 40 mRNAs were finally identified to build an early relapse classifier. With specific risk score formula, patients were classified into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Relapse-free survival was significantly different between the two groups in both discovery (HR: 3.244, 95% CI: 2.338-4.500, P &lt; 0.001) and internal validation series (HR 1.970, 95% CI 1.181-3.289, P = 0.009). Further analysis revealed that the prognostic value of this signature was independent of tumour stage, histotype and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (P &lt; 0.05). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of this signature was higher than TNM stage alone (0.771 vs 0.686, P &lt; 0.05). Further, decision curve analysis curves analysis at 1 year revealed the considerable clinical utility of this signature in predicting early relapse.

Conclusions
We successfully established a reliable signature for predicting early relapse in stage I–III non-small cell lung cancer.
An Absolute Test of Racial Prejudice
Authors: Marx Philip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Disparities along racial and ethnic lines persist across domains. Distinguishing among the possible sources of such disparities matters. This article introduces an absolute test for identifying prejudice in the presence of statistical discrimination. In the context of police officers deciding whether to conduct vehicle searches, the key intuition of the test is that each officer’s search decisions and search outcomes generate a point on a concave “return possibility frontier,” (RPF) whose slope equals the officer’s search cost, or personal standard of evidence for conducting a search. Variation along a RPF provides information about search costs, and a discrepancy in these costs across drivers of different races constitutes prejudice. The model and test generalize and unify the existing literature, and the test can be partially extended to the setting where officers vary in the quality of their information, or discernment. Higher discernment generates an expansion of the frontier, and a version of the test remains valid for more discerning officers. Empirically, the test finds suggestive evidence of prejudice against Hispanic drivers and of varying discernment among officers of different races and ethnicities. These results are robust to (and not well explained by) officer experience. (JEL C26, K42, J15)
Demand for and Economic Value of Nonmotorized Boating Access in Rivers at US National Forests
Authors: Chapagain Binod P , Poudyal Neelam C , Bowker J M , Askew Ashley E , English Donald B K , Hodges Donald G 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonmotorized boating (NMB) is a popular recreation activity in the US National Forest System. Previous studies on NMB were from an individual river or site, which limited aggregating benefit across the system or generalizing to rivers across the country. Further, whether and how site and river characteristics affect the use of rivers for NMB activities are unknown. This study combined trip data collected from visitor surveys across the system with spatially explicit data on river characteristics in a travel cost model, and in the analysis step, characterized the economic benefit of NMB access and evaluated the effect of site and river characteristics. Net economic benefit of NMB access was estimated to be in the range of $56 to $73 per trip, depending on the modeling assumptions used. When aggregated across visits over the country, the total annual economic value of NMB access in National Forest System ranged from $92 million to $120 million. Results further suggest that site and river characteristics including water velocity, ramp availability, and rapid level were significantly related to NMB demand. Results may be useful in highlighting the use and public value of NMB access in rivers and in understanding the importance of site and river characteristics.
Presentation, management and outcome of aorto-esophageal fistula in young patients: two case-reports and literature review
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , Wahlen Bianca M , El-Menyar Ayman , Hussein Ahmed , Sadek Ahmed , Fares Amr , Saih Mohamed Musbah , Almulla Abdulwahid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aorto-esophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare serious surgical event. The first case developed hematemesis 2 weeks post-sleeve gastrectomy. A covered esophageal stent was placed endoscopically. The esophageal stent implantation was followed by massive bleeding due to an AEF. A thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was performed. Aggravated by infection of the aortic stent, another massive bleed occurred after 1 year. The final procedure was resection of the descending aorta with reconstruction using a bovine pericardial patch. The second case presented with hematemesis post-motor vehicle accident. AEF was confirmed by aortogram and treated by TEVAR followed by fully covered esophageal stent. The patient declined definite surgery. In conclusion, initial endovascular approach is useful as a bridge procedure. Once the patient hemodynamics are stabilized, a definitive surgical repair is required. The post-repair infection and life-long antibiotics could be overcome by using bovine pericardial grafts.
Translating Public Health Recommendations Using the Army Design Methodology
Authors: Watkins Eren Y , Beymer Matthew R , Johnson Latoya , Ball Jacob D , Benedict Timothy , Ross Michael C , Bibio Desmond , Maule Alexis , Engen Christopher 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The U.S. Army employs over 470,000 active duty soldiers throughout the world. Although the Army also employs hundreds of public health professionals, public health recommendations are often not framed in ways that are readily actionable to senior Army leaders. This case study shows how public health findings were translated into actionable recommendations using the Army Design Methodology (ADM) and subsequently implemented by installation leadership. Following a perceived increase in suicides at Fort Wainwright, Alaska, in 2019, installation leadership requested that the U.S. Army Public Health Center conduct an epidemiological consultation. A mixed-methods approach was used to gather qualitative and quantitative data. The ADM was used to translate the findings and provide actionable recommendations for senior Army leaders. Many recommendations were implemented within a year of the report’s release and included modifications to gym facilities, dining halls, and sleeping areas. Key improvements included the installation of $900,000 worth of new gym equipment in existing physical fitness facilities, increasing the basic daily food allowance by 44% to facilitate the purchase of healthy options, and the installation of blackout blinds in all barracks to ensure more restful sleep during times of peak sunlight. The ADM is well understood by senior Army leaders. Use of the ADM in future military-specific public health studies could ensure a more effective uptake and implementation of public health recommendations.
V680 Mon – a young mercury–manganese star in an eclipsing heartbeat system
Authors: Paunzen Ernst , Hümmerich Stefan , Fedurco Miroslav , Bernhard Klaus , Komžík Richard , Vaňko Martin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Chemically peculiar stars in eclipsing binary systems are rare objects that allow the derivation of fundamental stellar parameters and important information on evolutionary status and the origin of the observed chemical peculiarities. Here we present an investigation of the known eclipsing binary system BD+09 1467 = V680 Mon. Using spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and own observations, we identify the primary component of the system as a mercury–manganese (HgMn/CP3) star (spectral type kB9 hB8 HeB9 V HgMn). Furthermore, photometric time series data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) indicate that the system is a ‘heartbeat star’, a rare class of eccentric binary stars with short-period orbits that exhibit a characteristic signature near the time of periastron in their light curves due to the tidal distortion of the components. Using all available photometric observations, we present an updated ephemeris and binary system parameters as derived from a modelling of the system with the elisa code, which indicate that the secondary star has an effective temperature of Teff = $8300_{-200}^{+200}$ (spectral type ∼A4). V680 Mon is only the fifth known eclipsing CP3 star, and the first one in a heartbeat binary. Furthermore, our results indicate that the star is located on the zero-age main sequence and a possible member of the open cluster NGC 2264. As such, it lends itself perfectly for detailed studies and may turn out to be a keystone in the understanding of the development of CP3 star peculiarities.
Angular momentum and the absence of vortices in the cores of fuzzy dark matter haloes
Authors: Schobesberger Sonja O , Rindler-Daller Tanja , Shapiro Paul R 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Scalar field dark matter (SFDM), comprised of ultralight (≳ 10−22 eV) bosons, is distinguished from massive (≳GeV), collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) by its novel structure-formation dynamics as Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) and quantum superfluid with wave-like properties, described by the Gross-Pitaevskii and Poisson (GPP) equations. In the free-field (‘fuzzy’) limit of SFDM (FDM), structure is inhibited below the de Broglie wavelength λdeB, but resembles CDM on larger scales. Virialized haloes have ‘solitonic’ cores of radius ∼λdeB that follow the ground-state attractor solution of GPP, surrounded by CDM-like envelopes. As superfluid, SFDM is irrotational (vorticity-free) but can be unstable to vortex formation. We previously showed this can happen in halo cores, from angular momentum arising during structure formation, when repulsive self-interaction (SI) is present to support them out to a second length scale λSI with λSI &gt; λdeB (the Thomas–Fermi regime), but only if SI is strong enough. This suggested FDM cores ($ {\rm without}$ SI) would not form vortices. FDM simulations later found vortices, but only outside halo cores, consistent with our previous suggestion based upon TF-regime analysis. We extend that analysis now to FDM, to show explicitly that vortices should not arise in solitonic cores from angular momentum, modelling them as either Gaussian spheres, or ( n = 2)-polytropic, irrotational Riemann-S ellipsoids. We find that, for typical halo spin parameters, angular momentum per particle is below ℏ, the minimum required even for one singly-quantized vortex in the centre. Even for higher angular momentum, however, vortex formation is not energetically favoured.
Probing cosmic dawn: Ages and star formation histories of candidate z ≥ 9 galaxies
Authors: Laporte N , Meyer R A , Ellis R S , Robertson B E , Chisholm J , Roberts-Borsani G W 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We discuss the spectral energy distributions and physical properties of six galaxies whose photometric redshifts suggest they lie beyond a redshift z ≃ 9. Each was selected on account of a prominent excess seen in the Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 $\mu$m band which, for a redshift above z = 9.0, likely indicates the presence of a rest-frame Balmer break and a stellar component that formed earlier than a redshift z ≃ 10. In addition to constraining the earlier star formation activity on the basis of fits using stellar population models with BAGPIPES, we have undertaken the necessary, but challenging, follow-up spectroscopy for each candidate using various combinations of Keck/MOSFIRE, VLT/X-shooter, Gemini/FLAMINGOS2, and ALMA. Based on either Lyman-α or [O iii] 88 $\mu$m emission, we determine a convincing redshift of z = 8.78 for GN-z-10-3 and a likely redshift of z = 9.28 for the lensed galaxy MACS0416-JD. For GN-z9-1, we conclude the case remains promising for a source beyond z ≃ 9. Together with earlier spectroscopic data for MACS1149-JD1, our analysis of this enlarged sample provides further support for a cosmic star formation history extending beyond redshifts z ≃ 10. We use our best-fitting stellar population models to reconstruct the past rest-frame UV luminosities of our sources and discuss the implications for tracing earlier progenitors of such systems with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Constraints on the dust extinction law of the Galaxy with Swift/UVOT, Gaia, and 2MASS
Authors: Ferreras Ignacio , Tress Mónica , Bruzual Gustavo , Charlot Stéphane , Page Mat , Yershov Vladimir , Kuin Paul , Kawata Daisuke , Cropper Mark 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We explore variations of the dust extinction law of the Milky Way by selecting stars from the Swift/UVOT Serendipitous Source Catalogue, cross-matched with Gaia DR2 and 2MASS to produce a sample of 10 452 stars out to ∼4 kpc with photometry covering a wide spectral window. The near ultraviolet passbands optimally encompass the 2175 Å bump, so that we can simultaneously fit the net extinction, quoted in the V band (AV), the steepness of the wavelength dependence (δ), and the bump strength (Eb). The methodology compares the observed magnitudes with theoretical stellar atmospheres from the models of Coelho. Significant correlations are found between these parameters, related to variations in dust composition that are complementary to similar scaling relations found in the more complex dust attenuation law of galaxies – that also depend on the distribution of dust among the stellar populations within the galaxy. We recover the strong anticorrelation between AV and Galactic latitude, as well as a weaker bump strength at higher extinction. δ is also found to correlate with latitude, with steeper laws towards the Galactic plane. Our results suggest that variations in the attenuation law of galaxies cannot be fully explained by dust geometry.
Effects of flares on solar high-degree helioseismic acoustic mode amplitudes
Authors: Rabello Soares M Cristina , Baudin Frédéric , Teixeira Vanessa G 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Several attempts have been made to observe whether solar flares excite acoustic modes since Charles Wolff suggested this possibility almost 50 yr ago. We look for the impact of flares on the amplitude of solar acoustic modes and other effects that are also affecting the mode amplitude. Solar acoustic mode amplitudes are known to be sensitive to magnetic fields. As flares usually occur in the presence of strong magnetic fields and most likely are the by-product of magnetic reconnection, we show how the magnetic field in and around the flaring region affects the mode amplitude. The mode amplitudes were obtained using ring-diagram analysis, which was first applied to a single event, the largest flare in the space age (the ‘Halloween Flare’, SOL2003-10-28T11:00), using MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager) data. Then, using HMI (Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) data, the analysis was applied to the regions corresponding to the flares observed during the high-activity phase of cycle 24 and that fall into two groups. These two groups consist of small (10–60 erg cm−2 s−1) and large (&gt;1200 erg cm−2 s−1) peak-flux flares, based on the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK). The first set is used as a comparison to the results of the strong flares in the second set. After applying several corrections in order to take into account several sources of bias, we did not find any amplification in the inferred mode amplitude due to flaring activity larger than a 10  per cent uncertainty.
NuSTAR reveals the hidden nature of SS433
Authors: Middleton M J , Walton D J , Alston W , Dauser T , Eikenberry S , Jiang Y-F , Fabian A C , Fuerst F , Brightman M , Marshall H , Parker M , Pinto C , Harrison F A , Bachetti M , Altamirano D , Bird A J , Perez G , Miller-Jones J , Charles P , Boggs S , Christensen F , Craig W , Forster K , Grefenstette B , Hailey C , Madsen K , Stern D , Zhang W 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
SS433 is the only Galactic binary system known to persistently accrete at highly super-critical (or hyper-critical) rates, similar to those in tidal disruption events, and likely needed to explain the rapid growth of those very high redshift quasars containing massive SMBHs. Probing the inner regions of SS433 in the X-rays is crucial to understanding this system, and super-critical accretion in general, but is highly challenging due to obscuration by the surrounding wind, driven from the accretion flow. NuSTAR observed SS433 in the hard X-ray band across multiple phases of its 162 d superorbital precession period. Spectral-timing tools allow us to infer that the hard X-ray emission from the inner regions is likely being scattered towards us by the walls of the wind-cone. By comparing to numerical models, we determine an intrinsic X-ray luminosity of ≥ 2 × 1037 erg s−1 and that, if viewed face on, we would infer an apparent luminosity of &gt;1 × 1039 erg s−1, confirming SS433’s long-suspected nature as an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX). We present the discovery of a narrow, ∼100 s lag due to atomic processes occurring in outflowing material travelling at least 0.14–0.29c, which matches absorption lines seen in ULXs and – in the future – will allow us to map a super-critical outflow for the first time.
The infall of dwarf satellite galaxies are influenced by their host’s massive accretions
Authors: D’Souza Richard , Bell Eric F 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent progress in constraining the massive accretions (&gt;1:10) experienced by the Milky Way (MW) and the Andromeda galaxy (M31) offers an opportunity to understand the dwarf galaxy population of the Local Group. Using zoom-in dark matter-only simulations of MW-mass haloes and concentrating on subhaloes that are thought to be capable of hosting dwarf galaxies, we demonstrate that the infall of a massive progenitor is accompanied with the accretion and destruction of a large number of subhaloes. Massive accreted progenitors do not increase the total number of infalling subhaloes on to a MW-mass host, but instead focus surrounding subhaloes on to the host causing a clustering in the infall time of subhaloes. This leads to a temporary elevation in the number of subhaloes as well as changes in their cumulative radial profile within the virial radius of the host. Surviving subhaloes associated with a massive progenitor have a large diversity in their orbits. We find that the star formation quenching times of Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies ($10^{5} \mathrm{\, M_{\odot }} \lesssim \mathrm{\mathit{ M}}_{*} \lesssim 10^{7} \mathrm{\, M_{\odot }}$) are clustered around the times of the most massive accretions suffered by the MW and M31. Our results imply that (a) the quenching time of dwarf spheroidals is a good proxy of their infall time and b) the absence of recently quenched satellites around M31 suggests that M33 is not on its first infall and was accreted much earlier.