bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Four Petty Kingdoms of Upplǫnd
Authors: Iversen Frode 
Published: November 2021

This article was first published in "Vol. 84 No. 1 (2021)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2021. In 2025 it was re-published in the first issue of Viking Special Volumes.
In continental and north-western Europe armed cavalry – aided by the introduction of the stirrup – was closely linked to the emergence of feudalism but was this also the case in Scandinavia? Were the resulting military specialists linked to the growing national kingdoms, or to local and regional power spheres ruled by petty kings? I will investigate this in the historical region of Upplǫnd – the last Norse area to be integrated into the Kingdom of Norway by Óláfr Haraldsson around AD 1020. Two thirds of Norway’s 51 known equestrian graves are located in this inland area and I will employ a novel way of investigating their relationship to local administrative units, such as þriðjungar (thirds), herǫð (hundreds), and not least fjórðungar (fourths), as well as travel routes and settlements. There is little that suggests that these graves were linked to an early national aristocracy, and its ruling Scandinavian dynasty – Ynglingene – as has been argued in previous research. Equestrian grave traditions survived longer in Upplǫnd than elsewhere in Scandinavia, which was not Christianised until the 11th century, and it is unlikely that the buried had served the uniting and converting King Óláfr. It is also difficult to establish links between historically known lendr menn (the most prominent retainers of the king) families, and such graves. However, a new revelation is that the farms where such graves were located, were situated along the boundaries between local fjórðungar, which were judicial districts, as well as subsidiaries of local military administration in the herǫð. This suggests that these locations had important warning and supervision roles in local military systems.
Down by the River
Authors: Cooijmans Christian 
Published: November 2021

This article was first published in "Vol. 84 No. 1 (2021)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2021. In 2025 it was re-published in the first issue of Viking Special Volumes.
Like any other medieval mariner, itinerant viking hosts would regularly have made their way ashore to regroup and reinforce their constituent craft and crews. Accordingly, historical and archaeological records from across Atlantic Europe attest to various waterside encampments having been established during overseas viking campaigns. The everyday practical operation of these camps remains largely underexplored, however, maintaining long-standing impressions that these were relatively dormant hideouts, principally used to intersperse bouts of conflict or to wait out the winter. Bringing together the interdisciplinary evidence for viking encampment from Ireland, England, and the Frankish realm, this study provides a more pronounced picture of the overall logistics involved in establishing and maintaining sites like these. Focusing on the themes of sustenance, security, industry, and commerce, it affirms that the encampments played host to an intricate, adaptive system of logistical (inter)relationships, which contributed to the overall sustainability of the earlyviking phenomenon.
Swallowing disorders in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a critical literature review
Authors: Luccas Gabriele Ramos de , Berretin-Felix Giédre 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTPatients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may show signs and symptoms of altered swallowing function since repetitive episodes of OSA may cause hypoxia (decreased oxygen concentration in the blood) and hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood), as well as neuromuscular changes in the tissues involved, including the pharynx. This study aims to analyze whether patients with OSA show signs and symptoms of altered swallowing function. A literature search was performed in the PubMed, LILACS, Medline, Scopus, and SciELO databases by using the following search strategy: (“dysphagia”) or (“deglutition disorders”) and (“obstructive sleep apnea”) or (“obstructive sleep apnea syndrome”). The included articles were sorted by authors, year, country, journal of publication, and type of study, as well as analyzed according to the objectives, case series, OSA and swallowing assessment methods, results and conclusions. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten articles published in medicine, dentistry and physiology journals between 1999 and 2018 were selected. The analysis of the selected articles showed that the number of participants and group structuring vary according to the study and instrumental and objective exams are used to assess swallowing and sleep in most articles. Also, the results show that groups of patients with OSA can present altered swallowing reflex, altered latency time and inspiratory suppression time, and presence of premature posterior escape, residues, penetration and aspiration. Premature posterior escape was the most frequent sign found. In conclusion, patients with OSA may show signs and symptoms of altered swallowing function.
Effects of social isolation on sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Escobar-Córdoba Franklin , Ramírez-Ortiz Jairo , Fontecha-Hernández Jeisson 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe current COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency that has seriously affected mental health in the general population. Both, studies on previous epidemics and those conducted during the current pandemic have reported a wide range of psychosocial consequences and multiple psychological symptoms as a result of said outbreaks, and among these problems, sleep/wake cycle alterations stand out. Publications addressing this phenomenon have consistently reported that nearly a third of people who experience social isolation develop insomnia, which, in turn, is an important predictor for mental disorders that affect people’s functionality, including anxiety disorders, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. This reflection paper aims to describe the effects that social isolation may have on sleep in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Zum Schreien
Authors: Menzfeld Mira , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène 
Published: November 2021

Cet article examine les émotions que ressentent des personnes conscientes en train de mourir, émotions qui ne font pas partie des modèles culturels du mourir qu’elles ont intériorisés. Dans l’intention de proposer un répertoire terminologique qui soit capable d’évoquer la pluralité et la particularité de l’ensemble des expériences du mourir à travers le monde, je commence par introduire deux termes pour aborder et comparer différentes conceptions du mourir en contextes interculturels : lapré-exitalitéet lapost-exitalité. Le mourir pré-exital recèle la possibilité de faire l’expérience de son propre processus de mourir et de lui donner forme en tant que personne encore vivante. Cela inclut le fait d’être confronté à certaines émotions qui ne sont pas aussi faciles que d’autres à gérer parce qu’elles ne font pas partie des contextes implicites et explicites spécifiques aux modèles culturels du mourir. Une observation participante menée avec des personnes mourantes entre 2013 et 2016 a révélé que des malades en phase terminale peuvent dissimuler des émotions « troublantes » afin de ne pas irriter leurs proches, voire elles-mêmes ; cependant, même si elles sont voilées, ces émotions existent. Examiner la façon dont les personnes mourantes en Allemagne abordent concrètement les dimensions « troublantes » que sont les sentiments a) de la gaieté et de l’humour et b) de l’envie et de la jalousie envers les personnes non mourantes nous offrira une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont peuvent se dérouler le ressenti émotionnel et la gestion des émotions au cours du mourir.
Administrer des demandes de mort, entre amour et justice
Authors: Blouin Samuel 
Published: November 2021

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique sur l’assistance à mourir au Québec réalisée entre 2015 et 2019, l’auteur explore ce qui est en jeu au cours de l’administration d’une demande d’aide médicale à mourir (AMM). Par la Loi concernant les soins de fin de vie, entrée en vigueur en 2015, l’Assemblée nationale du Québec a légalisé l’AMM, une forme d’euthanasie. En s’appuyant sur des observations de processus d’administration de demandes d’AMM (rencontres entre professionnels, évaluation, administration, groupes de parole) et des entretiens menés auprès de professionnels, de proches et d’une personne demandeuse au sein d’un hôpital de la grande région de Montréal, l’auteur expose comment l’encastrement de l’AMM dans les soins s’appuie sur une éthique en actes qui permet aux personnes engagées dans ces situations de réaliser les quatre conditions de possibilité de cette pratique qu’il identifie. Pour y arriver, ces personnes naviguent entre deux régimes d’action conceptualisés par Luc Boltanski, soit un régime d’amour — qui commande le soulagement immédiat de la souffrance perçue chez une personne singulière — et un régime de justice — qui passe par l’établissement d’équivalences entre une variété de situations. L’article dégage les maximes pratiques, empruntant à ces deux régimes, qui permettent aux acteurs de parvenir à une entente située sur la possibilité d’administrer l’AMM.
Impact of T cells on neurodegeneration in anti‐GAD65 limbic encephalitis
Authors: Dik Andre , Widman Guido , Schulte‐Mecklenbeck Andreas , Witt Juri‐Alexander , Pitsch Julika , Golombeck Kristin S. , Wagner Jan , Gallus Marco , Strippel Christine , Hansen Niels , Mönig Constanze , Räuber Saskia , Wiendl Heinz , Elger Christian E. , Surges Rainer , Meuth Sven G. , Helmstaedter Christoph , Gross Catharina C. , Becker Albert J. , Melzer Nico 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveDirect pathogenic effects of autoantibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) in autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) have been questioned due to its intracellular localization. We therefore hypothesized a pathogenic role for T cells.MethodsWe assessed magnet resonance imaging, neuropsychological and peripheral blood, and CSF flow cytometry data of 10 patients with long‐standing GAD65‐LE compared to controls in a cross‐sectional manner. These data were related to each other within the GAD65‐LE group and linked to neuropathological findings in selective hippocampectomy specimen from another two patients. In addition, full‐resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping of all patients was performed.ResultsCompared to controls, no alteration in hippocampal volume but impaired memory function and elevated fractions of activated HLADR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid were found. Intrathecal fractions of CD8+ T cells negatively correlated with hippocampal volume and memory function, whereas the opposite was true for CD4+ T cells. Consistently, antigen‐experienced CD8+ T cells expressed increased levels of the cytotoxic effector molecule perforin in peripheral blood, and perforin‐expressing CD8+ T cells were found attached mainly to small interneurons but also to large principal neurons together with wide‐spread hippocampal neurodegeneration. 6/10 LE patients harbored the HLA‐A*02:01 allele known to present the immunodominant GAD65114–123 peptide in humans.InterpretationOur data suggest a pathogenic effect of CD8+ T cells and a regulatory effect of CD4+ T cells in patients with long‐standing GAD65‐LE.
NiSb@PEO Hollow Nanospheres with Stabilized Structure for Improved Sodium Storage
Authors: Xu Changhong , Zhang Yifan , Jia Shupei , Ge Yilin , Liu Peng , Wang Feng , Yao Qingrong , Deng Jianqiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntimony has a high theoretical capacity, is widely used as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIB). However, the reversible sodiation/desodiation causes the structure collapse of the materials and then a rapid capacity fade. To solve this issue, the rationally designed NiSb@PEO (PEO, polyethylene oxide) hierarchical hollow nanospheres are successfully synthesized via the combination of hydrothermal and galvanic replacement methods. The unique hierarchical hollow nanospheres can alleviate volume expansion and mechanical stress, maintaining structural integrity during cycling. The PEO coating offers a highly conducive network and is conducive to forming stable solid electrolyte interface film on the surface of NiSb nanospheres. In addition, the nanospheres can shorten the transport pathway for the charged species. Benefiting from these structural advantages, NiSb@PEO hollow nanospheres as anodes for SIB display excellent sodium storage properties. At the current density of 100 mA g−1, the initial charge specific capacity of the NiSb@PEO anode is 446 mAh g−1, and the capacity retains 82.5% after 100 cycles. NiSb@PEO can maintain a reversible capacity of 284 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 1600 mA g−1.
Interlayer Interactions in 1D Van der Waals Moiré Superlattices
Authors: Zhao Sihan , Kitaura Ryo , Moon Pilkyung , Koshino Mikito , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStudying two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) moiré superlattices and their interlayer interactions have received surging attention after recent discoveries of many new phases of matter that are highly tunable. Different atomistic registry between layers forming the inner and outer nanotubes can also form one‐dimensional (1D) vdW moiré superlattices. In this review, experimental observations and theoretical perspectives related to interlayer interactions in 1D vdW moiré superlattices are summarized. The discussion focuses on double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), a model 1D vdW moiré system, and the authors highlight the new optical features emerging from the non‐trivial strong interlayer coupling effect and the unique physics in 1D DWNTs. Future directions and questions in probing the intriguing physical phenomena in 1D vdW moiré superlattices such as, correlated physics in different 1D moiré systems beyond DWNTs are proposed and discussed.
Validation of a modified Chinese version of Mini‐Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for detecting mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Pan Feng‐Feng , Cui Liang , Li Qing‐Jie , Guo Qi‐Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI), brief cognitive screening tools are increasingly required for the advantage of time saving and no need for special equipment or trained raters. We aimed to develop a modified Chinese version of Mini‐Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (C‐MACE) and further evaluate its validation in detecting MCI.MethodsA total of 716 individuals aged from 50 to 90 years old were recruited, including 431 cognitively normal controls (NC) and 285 individuals with MCI. The effect size of Cramer's V was used to explore which items in the Chinese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐III (ACE‐III‐CV) best associated with MCI and to form the C‐MACE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were carried out to explore the ability of C‐MACE, ACE‐III‐CV, Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment‐Basic (MoCA‐BC), and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) in discriminating MCI from NC.ResultsFive items with greatest effect sizes of Cramer's V were selected from ACE‐III‐CV to form the C‐MACE: Memory Immediate Recall, Memory Delayed Recall, Memory Recognition, Verbal Fluency Animal and Language Naming. With a total score of 38, the C‐MACE had a satisfactory classification accuracy in detecting MCI (area under the ROC curve, AUC = 0.892), superior to MMSE (AUC = 0.782) and comparable to ACE‐III‐CV (AUC = 0.901) and MoCA‐BC (AUC = 0.916). In the subgroup of Age > 70 years, Education ≤ 12 years, the C‐MACE got a highest classification accuracy (AUC = 0.958) for detecting MCI.ConclusionIn the Chinese‐speaking population, C‐MACE derived from ACE‐III‐CV may identify MCI with a good classification accuracy, especially in aged people with low education.
Clathrin light chain‐conjugated drug delivery for cancer
Authors: Jung Sungwook , Jiang Liwei , Zhao Jing , Shultz Leonard D. , Greiner Dale L. , Bae Munhyung , Li Xiaofei , Ordikhani Farideh , Kuai Rui , Joseph John , Kasinath Vivek , Elmaleh David R. , Abdi Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTargeted drug delivery systems hold the remarkable potential to improve the therapeutic index of anticancer medications markedly. Here, we report a targeted delivery platform for cancer treatment using clathrin light chain (CLC)‐conjugated drugs. We conjugated CLC to paclitaxel (PTX) through a glutaric anhydride at high efficiency. Labeled CLCs localized to 4T1 tumors implanted in mice, and conjugation of PTX to CLC enhanced its delivery to these tumors. Treatment of three different mouse models of cancer—melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer—with CLC‐PTX resulted in significant growth inhibition of both the primary tumor and metastatic lesions, as compared to treatment with free PTX. CLC‐PTX treatment caused a marked increase in apoptosis of tumor cells and reduction of tumor angiogenesis. Our data suggested HSP70 as a binding partner for CLC. Our study demonstrates that CLC‐based drug‐conjugates constitute a novel drug delivery platform that can augment the effects of chemotherapeutics in treating a variety of cancers. Moreover, conjugation of therapeutics with CLC may be used as means by which drugs are delivered specifically to primary tumors and metastatic lesions, thereby prolonging the survival of cancer patients.
SNAr Isocyanide Diversification
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Kurpiewska Katarzyna , Dömling Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIsocyanides are important building blocks in organic synthesis; however, their synthesis is time and resource consuming and often unpleasant due to their smelly nature. Diversification of isocyanides can be accomplished by de novo synthesis or from already existing isocyanides. In this work, we report for the first‐time isocyanide diversification based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution of suitable precursor isocyanides. The mild conditions allow for easy access to multiple novel isocyanides useful in organic synthesis. The resulting isocyanides are solid and non‐noxious, yet react nicely in multicomponent reactions.
Power permutation modulation in multiple‐input multiple‐output systems
Authors: Özyurt Serdar , Kucur Oğuz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe forthcoming communications standards are conjectured to require unprecedentedly high spectral efficiency values. Motivated by this fact, we propose a new transmission scheme for multiple‐input multiple‐output systems, which is termed as power permutation modulation (PPM). In addition to the conventional data‐carrying modulated symbols, some amount of extra information is conveyed in the distinct permutations of power allocation levels associated with the modulated symbols. The detection of the additional bits is performed by a power permutation recovery process at the receive side. Unlike the common approach, the power allocation is exploited as a new degree of freedom for carrying information without requiring any channel state information at the transmitter. The application of the introduced method is exemplified for zero‐forcing beamforming and space‐time block coding systems under digital phase modulation. It is shown that, without any important additional complexity, some notable signal‐to‐noise ratio gains (as large as 3 dB) are attained as compared to the standard approaches. An exact closed‐form result on the bit error rate (BER) of the presented PPM scheme is provided. The obtained expression is used to obtain the optimum power allocation levels such that the overall BER is minimized.
MammaPrint and BluePrint comprehensively capture the cancer hallmarks in early‐stage breast cancer patients
Authors: Haan Josien C. , Bhaskaran Rajith , Ellappalayam Architha , Bijl Yannick , Griffioen Christian J. , Lujinovic Ersan , Audeh William M. , Penault‐Llorca Frédérique , Mittempergher Lorenza , Glas Annuska M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMammaPrint® (MP) is a 70‐gene signature that stratifies early‐stage breast cancer patients into low‐ and high risk of distant relapse. Further stratification of MP risk results identifies four risk subgroups, ultra‐low (UL), low, high 1, and high 2, with specific prognostic and predictive outcomes. BluePrint® (BP) is an 80‐gene signature that classifies breast tumors as basal, luminal, or HER2 molecular subtype. To gain insight into their biological significance, we annotated the MP 70‐ and BP 80‐genes with respect to the 10 hallmarks of cancer (HoC). Furthermore, we related gene expression profiles of the extreme ends of the MP low‐ and high‐risk patients (here called, ultra‐low (UL) and ultra‐high (UH) or High2, respectively), to the 10 HoC per BP subtype by differential gene expression and pathway analysis. MP and BP gene functions reflected all 10 HoCs. Most MP and BP genes were associated with sustaining proliferative signaling, followed by genome instability and mutation categories. Based on the gene expression profiles, UL and UH subgroup pathways were down ‐or upregulated, respectively, reflecting proliferative and metastatic features, such as G2M checkpoint, DNA repair, oxidative phosphorylation, immune invasion, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and hypoxia pathways. Notably, the UH HER2‐type was enriched in several immune signaling pathways, such as IL2/STAT5 signaling and TNFα signaling via NFκB. Our results show that MP and BP gene signatures represent and capture all 10 HoCs and highlight underlying biological processes of MP extreme samples, which might guide treatment decisions as the signature captures the full spectrum of early breast cancers.
Comprehensive gene cluster analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma TCGA RNA‐seq data defines B cell immunity‐related genes as a robust survival predictor
Authors: Feng Xin , Zhang Tan , Chou Jeff , Liu Liang , Miller Lance D. , Sullivan Christopher A. , Browne James D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe authors aimed to define novel gene expression signatures that are associated with patients' survival with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsTCGA RNA‐seq data were used for gene expression clusters extraction from 499 tumor samples by the “EPIG” method. Tumor samples were then partitioned into lower and higher than median level groups for survival relevant analysis by Kaplan–Meier estimator.ResultsWe found that two gene clusters (_1, _2) are favorably, while two (_3, _4) are unfavorably, associated with patients' survival with HNSCC. Notably, most genes on the top lists of cluster_2 are associated with B cells. A gene expression signature with combined genes from cluster_2 and _4 was further determined to be associated with HNSCC survival rate.ConclusionOur work strongly supported a favorable role of B cells in patients' survival with HNSCC and identified a novel coexpressed gene signature as prognostic biomarker for patients' survival with HNSCC estimation.