bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Extracranial Giant Cell Arteritis with Intracranial Involvement and its Rapidly Progressive Subtype
Authors: Beuker Carolin , Wankner Maximilian Christian , Thomas Christian , Strecker Jan‐Kolja , Schmidt‐Pogoda Antje , Schwindt Wolfram , Schulte‐Mecklenbeck Andreas , Gross Catharina , Wiendl Heinz , Barth Peter J. , Eckert Bernd , Meinel Thomas Raphael , Arnold Marcel , Schaumberg Jens , Krüger Schulamith , Deb‐Chatterji Milani , Magnus Tim , Röther Joachim , Minnerup Jens 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize patients with extracranial giant cell arteritis with intracranial involvement.MethodsIn a multicenter retrospective study, we included 31 patients with systemic giant cell arteritis (GCA) with intracranial involvement. Clinical characteristics, pattern of arterial involvement, and cytokine profiles were assessed. Patients with GCA without intracranial involvement (n = 17), and with intracranial atherosclerosis (n = 25) served as controls.ResultsErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated in 18 patients (69.2%) with and in 16 patients (100%) without intracranial involvement (p = 0.02). Headache was complained by 15 patients (50.0%) with and 13 patients (76.5%) without intracranial involvement (p = 0.03). Posterior circulation arteries were affected in 26 patients (83.9%), anterior circulation arteries in 17 patients (54.8%), and both territories in 12 patients (38.7%). Patients with GCA had vertebral artery stenosis proximal and, in contrast, patients with atherosclerosis distal to the origin of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Among patients with GCA with intracranial involvement, 11 patients (37.9%) had a rapid progressive disease course characterized by short‐term recurrent ischemic events. The median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at follow‐up in these patients was 4 (interquartile range [IQR] = 2.0–6.0) and 4 patients (36.4%) died. Vessel wall expression of IL‐6 and IL‐17 was significantly increased in patients with rapid progressive course.InterpretationTypical characteristics of GCA, headache, and an elevated ESR, are frequently absent in patients with intracranial involvement. However, differentiation of intracranial GCA from atherosclerosis can be facilitated by the typical pattern of vertebral artery stenosis. About one‐third of patients with intracranial GCA had a rapid progressive course with poor outcome. IL‐17 and IL‐6 may represent potential future treatment targets. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:118–129
Host–Guest Interactions in a Metal–Organic Framework Isoreticular Series for Molecular Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Stanley Philip M. , Haimerl Johanna , Thomas Christopher , Urstoeger Alexander , Schuster Michael , Shustova Natalia B. , Casini Angela , Rieger Bernhard , Warnan Julien , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA strategy to improve homogeneous molecular catalyst stability, efficiency, and selectivity is the immobilization on supporting surfaces or within host matrices. Herein, we examine the co‐immobilization of a CO2 reduction catalyst [ReBr(CO)3(4,4′‐dcbpy)] and a photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)2(5,5′‐dcbpy)]Cl2 using the isoreticular series of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO‐66, ‐67, and ‐68. Specific host pore size choice enables distinct catalyst and photosensitizer spatial location—either at the outer MOF particle surface or inside the MOF cavities—affecting catalyst stability, electronic communication between reaction center and photosensitizer, and consequently the apparent catalytic rates. These results allow for a rational understanding of an optimized supramolecular layout of catalyst, photosensitizer, and host matrix.
Low‐Level Radiofrequency Exposure Induces Vasoconstriction in Rats
Authors: Mai Thi Cuc , Braun Anne , Bach Veronique , Pelletier Amandine , de Seze Rene 
Published: May 2021

Recent studies have revealed that rodents' physiological responses to low‐intensity radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields were similar to thermoregulatory responses to cold conditions. The primary autonomic response to cold exposure is peripheral vasoconstriction that allows rodents to reduce heat loss and maintain a relatively constant internal body temperature. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 900 MHz RF at a low level (SAR of 0.35 W/kg) on tail skin temperature (Ttail) in rats. We showed that rats exposed to RF had lower Ttail than control rats at ambient temperatures between 27 and 28 °C, suggesting that RF could induce a noticeable degree of vasoconstriction under mild‐warm ambient temperatures. This difference in Ttail was suppressed after the intraperitoneal injection of a vasodilator, an α‐adrenergic antagonist, confirming the hypothesis of the vasoconstriction in exposed rats. Moreover, like a response to cold stimuli, RF exposure led to increased plasma concentrations of important factors: noradrenaline (a neurotransmitter responsible for vasoconstriction and thermogenesis) and fatty acids (markers of activated thermogenesis). Taken together, these findings indicate that low‐intensity RF levels triggered some key physiological events usually associated with responses to cold in rats. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Effects of feedback specificity on acquisition of trial‐based functional analysis skills
Authors: Falligant John M. , Pence Sacha T. , Nuhu Nadratu N. , Bedell Sarah , Luna Odessa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndividuals responsible for training educational and support staff in schools and agencies may lack experience in evidence‐based training techniques. In particular, staff may have difficulty providing effective performance feedback, which is a critical component of many training models. Though many dimensions of feedback (e.g., accuracy, timing, consistency) may influence the effectiveness of feedback delivery, the impact of feedback specificity on performance is unknown. Accordingly, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of feedback specificity (vague vs. specific) on acquisition of trial‐based functional analysis skills with eight graduate students studying applied behavior analysis. Overall, specific feedback was associated with improved skill acquisition for all trainees, whereas vague feedback actually decreased performance, relative to baseline, for three trainees. Implications for staff training practices and future areas of research will be discussed.
Microfluidic Chips for Formulation of Silica Nanoparticles and Enzyme Immobilization
Authors: Ling Fiona W. M. , Abdulbari Hayder A. , Chin Sim-Yee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe unique micromixing environment of microfluidic technology provides new opportunities to apply known nanoparticle formulation techniques for higher reaction rates and better product quality. Novel methods to formulate silica nanoparticles and immobilize Rhizomucor miehei lipase on these particles in a microflow environment are introduced. The quality of the formulated nanoparticles from the microfluidic reactor was compared with those produced in the traditional bench‐scale method. The results demonstrate that the smaller silica nanoparticles were produced from the microfluidic reactor with higher dispersity compared to nanoparticles obtained from the bench‐scale. Immobilization of lipase is found to be more effective using silica nanoparticles synthesized in microflow systems as the carriers.
Anomeric and Enantiomeric 2’‐Deoxycytidines: Base Pair Stability in the Absence and Presence of Silver Ions
Authors: Zhang Aigui , Budow‐Busse Simone , Leonard Peter , Seela Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDodecamer duplex DNA containing anomeric (α/β‐d) and enantiomeric (β‐l/β‐d) 2’‐deoxycytidine mismatches was studied with respect to base pair stability in the absence and presence of silver ions. Stable duplexes with silver‐mediated cytosine–cytosine pairs were formed by all anomeric and enantiomeric combinations. Stability changes were observed depending on the composition of the mismatches. Most strikingly, the new silver‐mediated base pair of anomeric α‐d‐dC with enantiomeric β‐l‐dC is superior to the well‐noted β‐d/β‐d‐dC pair in terms of stability. CD spectra were used to follow global helical changes of DNA structure.
Cu‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of N‐Heteroaromatics with NH3·BH3 in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Gao Chao , Xuan Qingqing , Song Qiuling 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionAn efficient catalytic system was successfully developed on reduction of N‐heteroaromatics with H3N∙BH3 as hydrogen source in CuSO4 solution, featuring excellent chemoselectivity as well as very broad functional group tolerance. Various challenging substrates, such as OH‐, NH2‐, Cl‐, Br‐, etc., contained quinolines, quinoxalines, 1,5‐naphthyridines and quinazolines were all reduced smoothly. Mechanistic studies suggested that [Cu‐H] intermediate might be generated from NH3∙BH3, which was believed to form with H3N∙BH3 in CuSO4 solution.
Cardiovascular safety of febuxostat compared to allopurinol for the treatment of gout: A systematic and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Linggen , Wang Bin , Pan Ying , Lu Yan , Cheng Rui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe cardiovascular safety of febuxostat compared to allopurinol for the treatment of gout remains equivocal. Febuxostat had a better safety outcome compared with allopurinol. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched MEDLINE and Embase for articles published between March 1, 2000 and April 4, 2021, without any language restrictions. We did a systematic review and meta‐analysis of included clinical trials to evaluate the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat compared to allopurinol for treatment of chronic gout. Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed study quality, and extracted data. Risk ratios were calculated with random effects and were reported with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). From 240 potentially relevant citations, 224 papers were excluded; 16 studies were ultimately included in the analysis. Febuxostat had a better safety outcome compared with allopurinol，which was the composite of urgent coronary revascularization (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77–0.90, p < .0001) and stroke (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.97, p = .009). However, that difference was not found in nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.80–1.22, p = .91), cardiovascular related mortality (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.69–1.38, p = .89) and all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.75–1.15, p = .52). No significant differences in cardiovascular related mortality and all‐cause mortality were observed across any subgroup. This meta‐analysis adds new evidence regarding the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat in patients. Initiation of febuxostat in patients was not associated with an increased risk of death or serious cardiovascular related adverse events compared with allopurinol.
A causal role for the pulvinar in coordinating task‐independent cortico–cortical interactions
Authors: Eradath Manoj K. , Pinsk Mark A. , Kastner Sabine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe pulvinar is the largest nucleus in the primate thalamus and has topographically organized connections with multiple cortical areas, thereby forming extensive cortico‐pulvino‐cortical input–output loops. Neurophysiological studies have suggested a role for these transthalamic pathways in regulating information transmission between cortical areas. However, evidence for a causal role of the pulvinar in regulating cortico–cortical interactions is sparse and it is not known whether pulvinar's influences on cortical networks are task‐dependent or, alternatively, reflect more basic large‐scale network properties that maintain functional connectivity across networks regardless of active task demands. In the current study, under passive viewing conditions, we conducted simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from ventral (area V4) and dorsal (lateral intraparietal area [LIP]) nodes of macaque visual system, while reversibly inactivating the dorsal part of the lateral pulvinar (dPL), which shares common anatomical connectivity with V4 and LIP, to probe a causal role of the pulvinar. Our results show a significant reduction in local field potential phase coherence between LIP and V4 in low frequencies (4–15 Hz) following muscimol injection into dPL. At the local level, no significant changes in firing rates or LFP power were observed in LIP or in V4 following dPL inactivation. Synchronization between pulvinar spikes and cortical LFP phase decreased in low frequencies (4–15 Hz) both in LIP and V4, while the low frequency synchronization between LIP spikes and pulvinar phase increased. These results indicate a causal role for pulvinar in synchronizing neural activity between interconnected cortical nodes of a large‐scale network, even in the absence of an active task state.
Clinical significance of golgi protein‐73 as a diagnostic marker for Egyptian patients with colorectal cancer: Preliminary study
Authors: Abdelhady Shaymaa Abdelraheem , Attya Heba , Abdo Mohamed , Attia Fadia M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Early diagnostic methods help in therapeutic success and higher survival rate. Golgi protein 73 (gp73) could help in diagnosis of colorectal cancer at an earlier stage.AimA case‐control study aimed to assess serum level of golgi protein 73 (gp73) as a liquid biopsy marker in Egyptian colorectal cancer patients.Methods and resultsIn the current study, ninty (90) patients were included and classified into three groups; thirty (30) patients with Colorectal cancer (CRC) as study group; 30 patients (20 patients with irritable bowel disease and 10 patients with rectal polyps) as pathological control and 30 healthy adult individuals as normal control. The diagnosis was based on the history, clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histological data. Golgiprotein 73 (GP73) was measured by ELISA immunoassay Kit. Serum GP73 level was higher in CRC patients than pathological control group and normal control group with high sensitivity and specificity p < .005.ConclusionGP73 alone or combined with Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may be good diagnositic marker in CRC. However large studies are warranted on different stages of the disease to assess its diagnostic and prognositic value.
The future ofnon‐financialbusinesses reporting: Learning from the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hassan Abeer , Elamer Ahmed A. , Lodh Suman , Roberts Lee , Nandy Monomita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper we conceptually identify the gap in the literature about lack of business's awareness in non ‐financial activities, especially biodiversity, which can be responsible for crisis like Covid‐19 which can adversely affect the global economy. We recommend approaches to existing business about how to enhance the quality of reporting by considering non‐human element in reporting and making it more comprehensive for the stakeholders. We adopt Actor Network Theory (ANT) and the Natural Inventory Model to support our argument that nature consists of both human and non‐human. From our observation about the Covid‐19 crisis and by consulting the existing relevant literature on CSR, Covid‐19, non‐financial reporting and integrated reports (IR), we propose the implication of non‐financial reporting by companies based on a theoretical framework. We recommend that companies should implement/adopt Circular Economy concept for sustainable business model and report on biodiversity and extinction accounting in more structured and mandatory way via producing IR to create value on short, medium and long terms. This is the first paper to tackle the Covid‐19 crisis and offer solution for future reporting. The findings will add value in the academia and society.
Landscape analyses using eDNA metabarcoding and Earth observation predict community biodiversity in California
Authors: Lin Meixi , Simons Ariel Levi , Harrigan Ryan J. , Curd Emily E. , Schneider Fabian D. , Ruiz‐Ramos Dannise V. , Gold Zack , Osborne Melisa G. , Shirazi Sabrina , Schweizer Teia M. , Moore Tiara N. , Fox Emma A. , Turba Rachel , Garcia‐Vedrenne Ana E. , Helman Sarah K. , Rutledge Kelsi , Mejia Maura Palacios , Marwayana Onny , Munguia Ramos Miroslava N. , Wetzer Regina , Pentcheff N. Dean , McTavish Emily Jane , Dawson Michael N. , Shapiro Beth , Wayne Robert K. , Meyer Rachel S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEcosystems globally are under threat from ongoing anthropogenic environmental change. Effective conservation management requires more thorough biodiversity surveys that can reveal system‐level patterns and that can be applied rapidly across space and time. Using modern ecological models and community science, we integrate environmental DNA and Earth observations to produce a time snapshot of regional biodiversity patterns and provide multi‐scalar community‐level characterization. We collected 278 samples in spring 2017 from coastal, shrub, and lowland forest sites in California, a complex ecosystem and biodiversity hotspot. We recovered 16,118 taxonomic entries from eDNA analyses and compiled associated traditional observations and environmental data to assess how well they predicted alpha, beta, and zeta diversity. We found that local habitat classification was diagnostic of community composition and distinct communities and organisms in different kingdoms are predicted by different environmental variables. Nonetheless, gradient forest models of 915 families recovered by eDNA analysis and using BIOCLIM variables, Sentinel‐2 satellite data, human impact, and topographical features as predictors, explained 35% of the variance in community turnover. Elevation, sand percentage, and photosynthetic activities (NDVI32) were the top predictors. In addition to this signal of environmental filtering, we found a positive relationship between environmentally predicted families and their numbers of biotic interactions, suggesting environmental change could have a disproportionate effect on community networks. Together, these analyses show that coupling eDNA with environmental predictors including remote sensing data has capacity to test proposed Essential Biodiversity Variables and create new landscape biodiversity baselines that span the tree of life.
Over three decades, a classic winner starts to lose in a Caribbean coral community
Authors: Edmunds Peter J. , Didden Craig , Frank Karl 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe biological world is rapidly changing following decades of anthropogenic disturbances. Under these conditions, species with stable or increasing abundances have been described as winners with the potential for future success, but this assertion is unreliable without knowledge of the selective basis of winning. The incentive to find winners is acute for reef corals, for which large declines in abundance have motivated restoration efforts targeting winning corals. On Caribbean reefs, Porites astreoides has emerged as a potential winner, but the demographic basis of this categorization is poorly known. Here we test for demographic benchmarks of winning in this species by quantifying abundances and sizes of colonies over 28 yr on the south coast of St. John, US Virgin Islands. From 1992 to 2001, the density of colonies of P. astreoides showed little variation while colonies increased in size by 58%, but from 2002 to 2019, population density increased 2.7‐fold, and colony size declined by 41%; accompanying these trends, the mean absolute cover of Porites spp. declined by 46% from 2010 to 2019. Low recruitment and rising abundances of colonies ≤4 cm diameter suggest that partial mortality and fission depressed colony sizes. The reversal over three decades of a positive demographic trend for a ubiquitous coral underscores the challenges of identifying winners from short‐term population performance. Without a mechanistic understanding of fitness, the search for winners based on demographic trends may be futile.
Prolonged impacts of past agriculture and ungulate overabundance on soil fungal communities in restored forests
Authors: Tatsumi Shinichi , Matsuoka Shunsuke , Fujii Saori , Makoto Kobayashi , Osono Takashi , Isbell Forest , Mori Akira S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoil fungi can help improve ecosystem restoration, yet our understanding of how they reassemble in degraded land is limited. Here, using DNA metabarcoding, we studied the fungal community structure in reforested sites following agricultural abandonment and ungulate overabundance. Two treatments, namely “reforestation using different numbers of tree species” and “deer exclusion,” have been applied for multiple decades in the study sites. We found that local fungal richness (alpha diversity) and total fungal richness (gamma diversity) were 1.9–2.9 and 1.3–1.9 times greater, respectively, in reforested stands than in natural forests. These results were regardless of the number of tree species planted in the reforested stands. Conversely, reforested stands had a spatially homogenized community structure with relatively lower degrees of compositional dissimilarity among sites within each stand (beta diversity). These findings were attributable to lower environmental heterogeneity, stronger dispersal limitation, and a comparatively shorter time since the onset of community assembly in reforested stands. Deer exclosures had no detectable effect on fungal community structure. Overall, the agricultural legacy in fungal community structure appears to have persisted for decades, even under proactive restoration of aboveground vegetation. Direct human intervention belowground may therefore be necessary for the recovery of soil biota once altered.
Ryanodine receptor and immune‐related molecules in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tian Cheng‐Ju , Zhang Jing‐Hua , Liu Jinfeng , Ma Zhuang , Zhen Zhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHyperglycaemia is a major aetiological factor in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Excessive hyperglycaemia increases the levels of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the heart and causes derangements in calcium homeostasis, inflammation and immune‐system disorders. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) plays a key role in excitation–contraction coupling during heart contractions, including rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart. Cardiac inflammation has been indicated in part though interleukin 1 (IL‐1) signals, supporting a role for B and T lymphocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Some of the post‐translational modifications of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) by RCS, ROS and RNS stress are known to affect its gating and Ca2+ sensitivity, which contributes to RyR dysregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. RyRs and immune‐related molecules are important signalling species in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in various heart and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known regarding the mechanistic relationship between RyRs and immune‐related molecules in diabetes, as well as the mechanisms mediating complex communication among cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and immune cells. This review highlights new findings on the complex cellular communications in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We discuss potential therapeutic applications targeting RyRs and immune‐related molecules in diabetic complications.