bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety for the Combination of Neomycin, Beclomethasone, Clotrimazole and Lignocaine for the Treatment of Otitis Media with Perforation and Otitis Externa: Post-Marketing Surveillance Study
Authors: Pawaskar Lalit Jeevan , Kiran Dr. Mayuresh , Sheikh Ms. Shaheen , Waghambare Ms. Pramita 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Bacterial and/ or fungal infection of the middle or external ear can be painful and sometimes the infection can be of mixed nature i.e. caused due to both bacteria and fungi. The combination of antibiotics and antifungals can be used for the treatment of mixed ear infections, along with it, anti-inflammatory agent and anaesthetics can be combined to relieve the discomfort caused by the infection. This study was conducted to test the efficacy and safety for the combination of Neomycin, Beclomethasone, Clotrimazole and Lignocaine for the treatment of middle or external ear infection.
Method: Of enrolled 200, 177 patients completed the study. Efficacy was evaluated by symptom score (SS) scale which was an eleven-point scale ranging from 0 to 10 where 0 was no symptom to 10 was the maximum tolerated symptoms. All patients were asked to report SS on SS scale for ear pain, ear discharge and ear itching on day 1, 3 and 5. Safety assessment was made by analysing the adverse events reported by the patient.
Results: SS of ear pain was reduced from 6.158 at baseline visit to 3.050 at day 3 to 0.468 at day 5. SS of ear discharge reduced from 6.175 at baseline to 2.768 at day 3 to 0.491 at day 5. SS of ear itching reduced from 4.694 at baseline to 1.604 at day 3 to 0.299 at day 5.
Conclusion: The investigational product was found to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of otitis media and externa.
“A Study of Clinical and Ultrasonographic Findings of Patients Presented With Breast Pain”
Authors: Rahman Waliur , Sume Shireen jabeen , Yasmin Shamima 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Breast pain also known as mastalgia is the dull acne in the breast, cause is multifactorial. It can affect any age group. Breast cancer is the most common site-specific cancer in women and is the leading cause of death from cancer for women aged 20-59 years worldwide. In India, breast cancer has ranked number one cancer among females, with age adjusted incidence as high as 25.8 per 100,000 women and mortality 12.7 per 100,000 women. Objective: To find out the Clinical and USG Findings of Patients Presented with Breast Pain.
Settings and Design: Prospective cross-sectional descriptive study.
Materials and Methods: Patients with complaints of breast pain in the age group 15 to 60 years with clinically no palpable mass attending to the Dept. of General Surgery, Chuadanga Sadar Hospital, Chuadanga, Bangladesh between January 2020 to December 2020 were included in the study. Detailed history with particular reference to age, duration of symptoms, Size, menstruation, marital status, parity, lactation, Nipple discharge and tenderness are recorded. Pain intensity was evaluated as mild, moderate and severe. Ultrasound of the breast including the axilla was done for all cases and findings recorded to correlate with clinical features.
Results: Out of 90 patients studied, majority was in the age group (21-30) years, (43%) followed by (31-40 years) (40%) respectively. 57(63%) were married and 33(43%) were single. 21 patients had 1 child, 18 had 2 children with 6 of them having no children. Out of 90 patients only 3 attained menopause, rest of them have their monthly cycles. 51 patients had cyclical breast pain and 39 had noncyclical breast pain, 39 had pain on right breast, 36 on left side and bilateral in 15 patients. Pain was mild in 15 patients, moderate in 27 patients and severe in 6 patients. Various USG findings of the affected breast were normal study in 48 patients followed by duct ectasia and hetrogenous ectogenicity fibroadenosis, small cystic lesion and enlarged axillary lymph nodes etc.
Conclusion: The study results show that majority of patients with breast pain without clinically palpable lump had normal USG study. But it also detects other early changes in the breast tissue. It can be used as a baseline investigation for any breast pain without palpable lump.
Nowoczesne technologie wiercenia kierunkowego wykorzystane przy wierceniu intersekcyjnego układu otworów
Authors:   Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo SA, Oddział Geologii i Eksploatacji w Warszawie, Ćwik Maciej ,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica, Wydział Wiertnictwa, Nafty i Gazu, Adamiak Jacek ,   Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo SA, Oddział Geologii i Eksploatacji w Warszawie,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica, Wydział Wiertnictwa, Nafty i Gazu, Kępiński Michał ,   Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo SA, Oddział Geologii i Eksploatacji w Warszawie,   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica, Wydział Wiertnictwa, Nafty i Gazu
Published: September 2021

Artykuł dotyczy wykorzystania technologii wiercenia otworów kierunkowych – tzw. intersekcyjnych, które Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo SA wykonało w ramach prac badawczych prowadzonych w latach 2016–2021. Projekt miał na celu wykorzystanie nowoczesnych technologii w próbach rozpoznania złóż niekonwencjonalnych – formacji węglowych o niskiej przepuszczalności i niskim ciśnieniu złożowym, otworami wierconymi z powierzchni na terenie Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego. Przedstawiono zasadę gromadzenia się gazu w węglu (zjawisko adsorpcji opisywane modelem Langmuira) oraz sposób eksploatacji przez odwrócenie tego zjawiska i doprowadzenie do desorpcji przy wykorzystaniu odwadniania górotworu przez pompę zamontowaną w otworze pionowym poniżej intersekcji z otworem poziomym (horyzontalnym). Wyjaśniono celowość wiercenia otworu z odcinkiem horyzontalnym jako sposób zwiększenia strefy drenażu formacji produktywnej. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na zagadnienia związane z mechaniką górotworu, a dokładnie z określeniem kierunków naprężeń jako kluczowego parametru przy ustalaniu trajektorii otworów, które mają podlegać szczelinowaniu hydraulicznemu. Orientacja otworu prostopadle do kierunku maksymalnych naprężeń SHmax pozwala osiągać maksymalną wielkość stymulowanej strefy przyodwiertowej podczas zabiegu intensyfikacyjnego. Kluczowym fragmentem artykułu jest opis prac związanych z projektowaniem, a następnie wykonaniem systemu przecinających się (intersekcyjnych) otworów kierunkowych. Pionierskość omawianego projektu polegała zarówno na zastosowaniu technologii namierzania magnetycznego (ang. active magnetic rangening), jak i na wierceniu systemu otworów z jednego „placu” w sąsiedztwie dodatkowego otworu (również intersekcyjnego z otworem pionowym). Wykorzystane technologie wiercenia RSS (ang. rotary steerable system) pozwoliły na zrealizowanie zaprojektowanych trajektorii otworów i trafienie narzędziem o średnicy 6 cali w rurę z włókna szklanego o średnicy 7 cali na głębokości około 850 metrów. We wnioskach autorzy podkreślają innowacyjność wykonanych prac, zarówno w skali firmy, kraju, jak i światowej. Podają również przykłady zastosowania wykorzystanych technologii. Wart podkreślenia jest fakt, że wykonalność zaprojektowanych prac badawczych została potwierdzona w zastosowaniu przemysłowym.
Surgical Excision of a Giant Schwannoma of the Hand
Authors: Moran Jay , Kahan Joseph B. , Schneble Christopher A. , Lindskog Dieter , Donohue Kenneth 
Published: September 2021

Case:
We report a 78-year-old man who underwent excision of a 13-year-old benign schwannoma originating from the terminal motor branch of the ulnar nerve. The mass measured 13 cm in diameter on presentation and was successfully excised, preserving a functional hand. At 4-year follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with intact motor and sensory function and no signs of recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest schwannoma of the hand to be reported in the literature.

Conclusions:
Large schwannomas of the hand can successfully be excised with no postoperative complications.
Virtual Orthopaedic Examination of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Emara Ahmed K. , Zhai Kevin L. , Rothfusz Christopher A. , Minkara Anas A. , Genin Jason , Horton Scott , King Dominic , Schaffer Jonathan L. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: September 2021

» Telemedicine has become an emerging necessity in the practice of orthopaedic surgery following the paradigm shift that was brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.» Physical examination is an integral component of orthopaedic care and plays a crucial role in diagnosis.» Based on our experience and expert opinion in the literature, we recommend the following infrastructure for a virtual orthopaedic physical examination: a computing device with a functioning camera and high-definition input/output audio, a 720p (high-definition) display, a processing speed of 3.4 GHz, an internet connection speed range from 1 to 25 Mbps, adequate lighting, a steady camera that is positioned 3 to 6 ft (0.9 to 1.8 m) from the patient, a quiet environment for the examination, and clothing that exposes the area to be examined.» When performing a virtual examination of the lower extremity, inspection, range of motion, and gait analysis can be easily translated by verbally instructing the patient to position his or her body or perform the relevant motion. Self-palpation accompanied by visual observation can be used to assess points of tenderness. Strength testing can be performed against gravity or by using household objects with known weights. Many special tests (e.g., the Thessaly test with knee flexion at 20° for meniscal tears) can also be translated to a virtual setting by verbally guiding patients through relevant positioning and motions.» Postoperative wound assessment can be performed in the virtual setting by instructing the patient to place a ruler next to the wound for measuring the dimensions and using white gauze for color control. The wound can be visually assessed when the patient’s camera or smartphone is positioned 6 to 18 in (15 to 46 cm) away and is held at a 45° angle to the incision.
Differences in Pore-forming Efficiency among Organic Macerals and Its Restriction against Reservoir Quality: A Case Study Based on the Marine Shale Reservoir in the Longmaxi Formation, Southern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Jia Yunqian , Han Denglin , Zhang Jizhen , Wang Chenchen , Lin Wei , Ren Xiaohai , Yang Chengye , Chang Licheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Organic matter pores are of important significance in the shale formation system rich of organic matters. Although a lot of studies have discussed controlling factors of organic matter pores in the past, it still lacks a quantitative analysis on contributions of organic macerals to organic matter pores. In this study, a case study based on the overmature marine facies shale reservoir in the first submember of the Longmaxi Formation of Silurian in the Weiyuan area was carried out. Besides, qualitative and quantitative identifications of organic macerals and their pore development capacity were provided using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that (1) pore-forming efficiency is one controlling factor over pore development of organic matter. Sapropelinite shows the highest pore-forming efficiency (avg. 38.5%) and while the vitrinite, inertinite, and exinite have the lower pore-forming efficiency. (2) The content of sapropelinite is the highest (avg. 82.4%), and the content of sapropelinite is higher in the Long111 and Long113 layers. (3) The content of sapropelinite has a strong positive correlation with the organic surface porosity. (4) Organic surface porosity, organic porosity, and total porosity present basically consistent variations along the vertical direction of single well. Organic surface porosity restricts the organic porosity which is the dominant type in total porosity. Hence, pore-forming efficiency of organic macerals restricts performances of the reservoir.
Virtual Multiphase Flowmetering Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS): A Case Study of Hai Thach-Moc Tinh Field, Offshore Vietnam
Authors: Trung Tran Ngoc , Truong Trieu Hung , Tung Tran Vu , Hai Ngo Huu , Khoa Dao Quang , Tinh Nguyen Thanh , Son Hoang Ky 
Published: September 2021

SummaryFor any oil and gas company, well-testing and performance-monitoring programs are expensive because of the cost of equipment and personnel. In addition, it may not be possible to obtain all of the necessary data for a reservoir for a period of time because of production demand constraints or changes in surface process conditions. To overcome these challenges, there are many studies on the implementation and value of virtual flowmetering (VFM) for real-time well performance prediction without any need for a comprehensive well-testing program.This paper presents the VFM model using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) at Hai Thach-Moc Tinh (HT-MT) gas-condensate field, offshore Vietnam. The ANFIS prediction model can tune all its membership functions (MFs) and consequent parameters to formulate the given inputs to the desired output with minimum error. In addition, ANFIS is a successful technique used to process large amounts of complex time series data and multiple nonlinear inputs-outputs (Salleh et al. 2017), thereby enhancing predictability. The authors have built ANFIS models combined with large data sets, data smoothing, and k-fold cross-validation methods based on the actual historical surface parameters such as choke valve opening, surface pressure, temperature, the inlet pressure of the gas processing system, etc. The prediction results indicate that the local regression “loess” data smoothing method reduces the processing time and gives both clustering algorithms the best results among the different data preprocessing techniques [highest value of R and lowest value of mean squared error (MSE), error mean, and error standard deviation]. The k-fold cross-validation technique demonstrates the capability to avoid the overfitting phenomenon and enhance prediction accuracy for the ANFIS subtractive clustering model. The fuzzy C-mean (FCM) model in the present study can predict the gas condensate production with the smallest root MSE (RMSE) of 0.0645 and 0.0733; the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9482 and 0.9337; and the highest variance account of 0.9482 and 0.9334 for training and testing data, respectively. Applied at the HT-MT field, the model allows the rate estimation of the gas and condensate production and facilitates the virtual flowmeter workflow using the ANFIS model.
Online Practical Assessment (Opra) in Biochemistry Designed on Bloom’s Taxonomy to Assess the Student’s Competency: Prior Exposure of the Students to Online Tools Beneficial
Authors: Kempegowda Swetha Nagarahalli , Ramachandra Shobha Chikkavaddaragudi , Arun Brunda , Devaraju Abhijith , Shivashankar Kusuma Kasapura , Raghunathachar Sahana Kabbathy , Nagaraj Shruthi , Bettadapura Anjalidevi Shankarrao , Puttalingaiah Sujatha , Devegowda Devananda , Vishwanath Prashant , Nataraj Suma Maduvanahalli , Prashant Akila 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Online assessments are the need of the hour during the prevailing pandemic situation to continue the educational activities and at the same time ensuring the safety of the students and faculty. All Higher Educational Institutions must take the necessary steps to design an effective assessment model to assess the various levels of student competency. Here, we analyzed the responses of the students after the conduct of the online practical assessment (OPrA) in Biochemistry.Methods: The blueprint of the OPrA was prepared by the faculty referring to the various levels and domains of Bloom’s taxonomy. Four components were chosen for the online assessment: digital spotters, enumerating the steps of objective structured practical examination, interpretation of quantitative estimation, and case discussion. Detailed instruction was provided to the students and the breakout room option in the Zoom platform was chosen for assessment. About 12-13 students were assessed by each faculty in separate breakout rooms over 15-20 minutes on all four components. Feedback on the conduct of the examination was collected from the students and faculty anonymously and analyzed. Results: Among 200 students who submitted their responses, 20% of them had previous experience of attending the OPrA. They differed in their opinion from the rest of the students on five aspects; time allotted for the assessment (P-value=0.02, χ2=5.07), students using unfair means during the online viva (P-value=0.02, χ2=5.57), their computing skills (P-value=0.001, χ2=19.82), their performance (P-value=0.001, χ2=8.84), and overall conduct of the examination (P-value=0.001, χ2=15.55). Conclusion: OPrA tools may be designed referring to Bloom’s taxonomy and prior exposure to the online tools may be beneficial for the students.
WITHDRAWN: High-throughput Analysis of CircRNA in Cows with Naturally Infected Staphylococcus aureus Mammary Gland
Authors: Bai Zhixian , Cai Weidong , Zhang Xinjiang , Zheng Yuanyuan , Hui Taiyu , Yue Chang , Sun Jiaming , Wang Yanru , Wang Zeying 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNA) is a special type of non-coding RNA molecule with a closed ring structure and is not affected by RNA exonucases. It has stable expression and is not easy to degrade, and exists in most eukaryotes. However, circRNA regulation of cow mastitis has not been widely recognized. Mammary epithelial tissues were collected from healthy Holstein cows (HCN) and mastitis Holstein cows (HCU). RNA sequencing (RNA SEQ) was performed for the differentially expressed circRNAs, and analysis results showed that 19 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in HCN and HCU, among which 6 circRNAs were up-regulated and 13 circRNAs were down-regulated. We randomly selected 9 circRNAs for Q-PCR verification, and the results showed consistent expression. Three circRNAs: circRNA2860, circRNA5323 and circRNA4027 were confirmed to be significantly differentially expressed circRNAs in cow mastitis. Furthermore, RNA polymerase transcription factor binding and tight junction are most enriched in GO and KEGG pathways, respectively. In addition, the regulatory network of circRNA-miRNA has been inferred from a bioinformatics perspective, which may help to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of circRNAs involved in regulating mastitis in cows.
Identification of a Novel EXT Mutation in A Kindred With Hereditary Multiple Exostoses Using Whole-Exome Sequencing and Overview of Mutation Spectrum
Authors: deng yanhan , liu yujian , tu wei , yang liu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas(HMO) is a rare genetic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by multiple osteochondromas that form near to the growth plates of many bones. Loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode glycosyltrasferases are the causal mutations for most HMO patients.Methods: After collecting the family history and clinical information, we used Whole-Exome Sequencing to find the pathogenic mutations in one Chinese Hereditary Multiple Exostoses pedigree. Sanger sequencing and relevant online databases were used to validate the screened variants. Lollipop plots were drew to map the reported mutations from online databases (Multiple Osteochondroma Mutation Database and clinvar)on a linear protein domains by MutationMapper.Results: A novel heterozygous splicing-site mutation in gene EXT1 (NM_000127:exon5:c.1417+1G>C，chr8:118834703) was found in this pedigree and mutation spectrum of genes EXT1 and EXT2 were demonstrated.Conclusions: Our results help this pedigree to identify the pathogenic variant and guide the prenatal diagnosis, also expand the mutation spectrum in Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas.
Parenting Stress in the Early Years – A Survey of the Impact of Breastfeeding and Social Support for Women in Finland and the UK
Authors: Swanson Vivien , Hannula Leena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBeing a new parent can be both joyful and stressful. Parenting stress is associated with poorer health and well-being for parents and infant, and increased psychological distress.For new mothers, physical and hormonal changes, expectations of mothering and demands of a new baby may cause additional stress. Breastfeeding is promoted as optimal for maternal and infant health, but can have both positive and negative psychological impacts. Formal and informal social support can offset parenting and breastfeeding stress. Source, content and context of support for new parents are important considerations. This study compares two countries with different parenting and breastfeeding contexts, Finland (more supportive) and the UK (less supportive), investigating the role of breastfeeding stress, self-efficacy and social support as predictors of stress and role strain for new mothers..MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was completed by 1550 breastfeeding mothers of infants up to 2 years old, recruited via social media platforms in Finland and the UK. Predictors of parenting stress and strain, including demograpic factors, childbirth experiences, breastfeeding and social support were investigated. Results We found fewer differences between countries than expected, perhaps due to demographic and contextual differences. Women in Finland reported better childbirth experiences, more positive breastfeeding attitudes, and more self-efficacy than in the UK. Levels of parenting stress were similar in both countries. Women in the UK reported more parental role strain, but fewer breastfeeding stressors. Participants accessed more informal than formal supports, including their partner for parenting, and facebook groups and family for breastfeeding. Analysis suggested breastfeeding stress and social support had significant direct effects – respectively increasing and reducing parenting stress and role strain, but no moderating effects of social supportsuggesting support did not change the relationship between breastfeeding and parenting stress. ConclusionsResults have important implications for the provision of breastfeeding and parenting support for new mothers.Simple interventions to manage stress for mothers in the postnatal period could be beneficial and are easily delivered by supporters. As shown elsewhere, socio-economic and cultural factors are crucial influences on parenting experiences.
Whether Start Time of Elective Lung Surgery Impacts Perioperative Outcomes and Cost?
Authors: A-Lai Gu-Ha , Hu Jian-Rong , Xu Zhi-Jie , Yao Peng , Zhong Xia , Wang Yu-Cheng , Lin Yi-Dan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFatigue and long work hours of surgeons attracts increasing concerns in recent years. In clinical practice, most patients prefer to receiving surgery in the morning. So, we aimed to explore whether starting time is associated with perioperative outcomes and hospital cost for elective lung surgery. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on elective lung surgery patients between September 2019-November 2019. Patients were divided into “early start group” if surgery started before 4pm while “late start group” was after 4pm. Perioperative outcomes and total hospital costs were compared between two groups. Besides, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for further analysis.ResultsA total of 398 patients were finally enrolled for analysis in this study. Of all the cases, 295 patients were divided into early start group while 103 patients belonged to late start group. There were no differences in postoperative hospital duration, operation time, complication incidence and total hospital cost. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, surgery start late was still found not to be a risk factor.ConclusionIn elective lung surgery, perioperative outcomes and cost were all similar between early start and late start surgery, it was not necessary to worry about surgery order for these patients.