bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary history and ecology shape the diversity and abundance of phytochemical arsenals across monkeyflowers
Authors: Holeski Liza M. , Keefover‐Ring Ken , Sobel James M. , Kooyers Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examine the extent to which phylogenetic effects and ecology are associated with macroevolutionary patterns of phytochemical defence production across the Mimulus phylogeny. We grew plants from 21 species representing the five major sections of the Mimulus phylogeny in a common garden to assess how the arsenals (NMDS groupings) and abundances (concentrations) of a phytochemical defence, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), vary across the phylogeny. Very few PPGs are widespread across the genus, but many are common to multiple sections of the genus. Phytochemical arsenals cluster among sections in an NMDS and are not associated with total concentration of PPGs. There is a strong phylogenetic signal for phytochemical arsenal composition across the Mimulus genus, whereas ecological variables such as growing season length, latitude, and elevation do not significantly influence arsenal. In contrast, there is little phylogenetic signal for total PPG concentration, and this trait is significantly influenced by several ecological factors. Phytochemical arsenals and abundances are influenced by plant life history form. Both phylogenetic effects and ecology are related to phytochemical patterns across species, albeit in different ways. The independence of phytochemical defence concentrations from arsenal compositions indicates that these aspects of defence may continue to evolve independently of one another.
A digital approach to robust and esthetic implant overdenture construction
Authors: Duhn Christopher , Thalji Ghadeer , Al‐Tarwaneh Sandra , Cooper Lyndon F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstarctObjectiveOverdenture therapy is an important option for implant rehabilitation. However, numerous reports suggest that mechanical/technical complications and failures can limit therapeutic success. The goal of this report is to illustrate a digital approach to design and construction of a robust overdenture with high‐esthetic value.Materials and methodsBeginning with new denture design to establish esthetic parameters, 3D modeling of a metal framework and the denture teeth are completed in a connected manner. This enables connection of rapidly printed, prototype dentition that is attached directly to the framework without intervening wax or acrylic components. Following evaluation of the dentition and required adjustments, the final dentition is milled from resin and processed to the selective laser sintered framework.ResultsThe advantages of the digital workflow include the control of dimensions and strength of the framework, the esthetic relationship of the framework to the dentition and the facilitation of esthetic try‐in of the dentition.ConclusionEnhancing a robust overdenture can be readily achieved using a digital workflow.Clinical significanceThe use of digital technology enables the clinical team to plan and produce prostheses with dimensions and contours that support long‐term function and esthetics. The clinical chair time can be potentially reduced by use of digital design that facilitates try‐in and reduces major errors by improved communication between the patient, dentist, and technician.
Understanding and assessing flood risk in Vietnam: Current status, persisting gaps, and future directions
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tu , Sebesvari Zita , Souvignet Maxime , Bachofer Felix , Braun Andreas , Garschagen Matthias , Schinkel Ulrike , Yang Liang Emlyn , Nguyen Linh Hoang Khanh , Hochschild Volker , Assmann André , Hagenlocher Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVietnam is exposed to different types of floods that cause severe economic losses, damage to infrastructure, and loss of life. Reliable information on the drivers, patterns and dynamics of flood risk is crucial for the identification, prioritization and planning of risk reduction and adaptation measures. Here, we present a systematic review of existing flood risk assessments in Vietnam. We evaluate the current status, persisting gaps, and challenges regarding the understanding and assessment of flood risk in the country. The literature review revealed that: (i) 65 % of the reviewed papers did not provide a clear definition of flood risk, (ii) assessments had a tendency to prioritize physical and environmental drivers of risk over social, economic or governance‐related drivers, (iii) future‐oriented assessments tended to focus on hazard and exposure trends, while vulnerability scenarios were often lacking, (iv) large and middle‐sized cities were assessed more frequently than others, (v) only few studies engaged with relevant local stakeholders for the assessment of risk and the development of potential solutions, and (vi) ecosystem‐based adaptation and flood risk insurance solutions were rarely considered. Based on these findings, we point out several directions for future research on flood risk in Vietnam.
X‐ray microtomosynthesis of unstained pathology tissue samples
Authors: Nguyen David T. , Larsen Thomas C. , Wang Muyang , Knutsen Russel H. , Yang Zhihong , Bennett Eric E. , Mazilu Dumitru , Yu Zu‐Xi , Tao Xi , Donahue Danielle R. , Gharib Ahmed M. , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Moss Joel , Remaley Alan T. , Kozel Beth A. , Wen Han 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn pathology protocols, a tissue block, such as one containing a mouse brain or a biopsy sample from a patient, can produce several hundred thin sections. Substantial time may be required to analyse all sections. In cases of uncertainty regarding which sections to focus on, noninvasive scout imaging of intact blocks can help in guiding the pathology procedure. The scouting step is ideally done in a time window of minutes without special sample preparation that may interfere with the pathology procedures. The challenge is to obtain some visibility of unstained tissue structures at sub‐10 µm resolution.We explored a novel x‐ray tomosynthesis method as a way to maximise contrast‐to‐noise ratio, a determinant of tissue visibility. It provided a z‐stack of thousands of images at 7.3 μm resolution (10% contrast, half‐period of 68.5 line pairs/mm), in scans of 5‐15 minutes. When compared with micro‐CT scans, the straight‐line tomosynthesis scan did not need to rotate the sample, which allowed flat samples, such as paraffin blocks, to be kept as close as possible to the x‐ray source. Thus, given the same hardware, scan time and resolution, this mode maximised the photon flux density through the sample, which helped in maximising the contrast‐to‐noise ratio. The tradeoff of tomosynthesis is incomplete 3D information.The microtomosynthesis scanner has scanned 110 unstained human and animal tissue samples as part of their respective pathology protocols. In all cases, the z‐stack of images showed tissue structures that guided sectioning or provided correlative structural information. We describe six examples that presented different levels of visibility of soft tissue structures. Additionally, in a set of coronary artery samples from an HIV patient donor, microtomosynthesis made a new discovery of isolated focal calcification in the internal elastic lamina of coronary wall, which was the onset of medial calcific sclerosis in the arteries.
The Transition to Adult Health Care in Youth With Spina Bifida: Theory, Measurement, and Interventions
Authors: Holmbeck Grayson N. , Kritikos Tessa K. , Stern Alexa , Ridosh Monique , Friedman Catherine V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThis article focuses on the transition to adult health care in youth with spina bifida (SB) from the perspective of theory, measurement, and interventions.MethodsThe purpose of this article is to discuss (a) a theory of linkages between the transfer of medical responsibility from parent to child and the transition from pediatric to adult health care, as mediated by transition readiness; (b) measurement issues in the study of self‐management and the transition to adult health care; and (c) U.S.‐based and international interventions focused on the transition to adult health care in young adults with SB.FindingsIndividuals with SB must adhere to a complex multicomponent treatment regimen while at the same time managing a unique array of cognitive and psychosocial challenges and comorbidities that hinder self‐management, medical adherence, and the transition to adult health care. Moreover, such youth endure multiple transitions to adult health care (e.g., in the areas of urology, orthopedics, neurosurgery, and primary care) that may unfold across different time frames. Finally, three transition‐related constructs need to be assessed, namely, transition readiness, transition completion, and transition success.ConclusionsSB provides an important exemplar that highlights the complexities of conducting research on the transition to adult health care in youth with chronic health conditions. Many transition trajectories are possible, depending on the functioning level of the child and a host of other factors. Also, no single transition pathway is optimal for all patients with SB.Clinical RelevanceThe success of the process by which a child with SB transitions from pediatric to adult health care can have life‐sustaining implications for the patient.
Nurses’ perspectives of recognising and responding to unsafe practice by their peers: A national cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Blair Wendy , Kable Ashley , Palazzi Kerrin , Courtney‐Pratt Helen , Doran Evan , Oldmeadow Christopher 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to identify behaviours and cues that nurses recognise as indications of unsafe practice, perceived factors that contribute to unsafe practice and actions nurses take in response.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsNational cross‐sectional survey of a random sample of registered nurses (n = 231) in New Zealand, in 2017–2018. The STROBE Checklist was used to report this study.ResultsNurses reported a high rate of episodes of unsafe practices and recognised a range of behaviours and cues that alerted them to the potential for unsafe practice. Several organisational issues were perceived to contribute to unsafe practice occurring. The reporting of episodes of unsafe practice and perceived organisational support was low for nurses compared with managers.ConclusionFailure to recognise and respond to unsafe practice may indicate a tolerance for substandard practice by individual nurses, or by the organisation. Nurses who recognise unsafe practice must be supported by the organisation.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Breitenstein Miriam , Nguyen Duc Khuong , Walther Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe conduct a systematic literature review on environmental and climate‐related risk management in the financial sector. We classify the current literature into three categories: (i) the impact of environmental concerns on financial risk; (ii) the current state of environmental risk practices in the financial sector; and (iii) measures to assess the financial exposure to environmental risks. We find that financial institutions can reduce their risk exposure by highly committing with environmental responsibility and performance. Moreover, the increase in willingness to assess climate‐related financial risk incentivizes corporate managers to adopt more proactive environmental policies and practices.
AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES AND FARM SUSTAINABILITY – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Candemir Ahmet , Duvaleix Sabine , Latruffe Laure 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a literature review of the role played by agricultural cooperatives in influencing farm sustainability. We first focus on the theoretical literature to highlight the various economic behaviours of cooperatives. Then we investigate all three dimensions of sustainability in developing and developed countries. We aim at linking the empirical findings to the theoretical understanding of cooperatives, in particular members’ heterogeneity. This paper shows that cooperatives play a non‐negligible role in farm economic sustainability and in the adoption of environmentally friendly practices, suggesting that both public policies and private initiatives in cooperatives may be complementary. As regards social sustainability, there are only a few studies existing on the role of agricultural cooperatives. The trade‐off between economic and environmental sustainability in cooperatives would need to be further investigated.
Perceived lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) supportive practices and the life satisfaction of LGBT employees: The roles of disclosure, authenticity at work, and identity centrality
Authors: Fletcher Luke , Everly Benjamin A. 
Published: January 2021

As an increasing number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) employees are choosing to disclose their LGBT identity at work, it is important to understand how organizations can best manage LGBT diversity in the workplace. Previous research has established that LGBT employees are more likely to derive benefits from working in organizations with supportive LGBT practices in place. However, the psychological mechanisms behind this process are largely unknown. The present research investigates the value of both disclosure and authenticity at work in understanding why perceptions of LGBT supportive practices facilitate the life satisfaction of LGBT employees. A time‐lagged questionnaire was completed by 150 LGBT individuals working in various UK organizations. Results of a path analysis find that although both disclosure and authenticity at work are positively related with LGBT supportive practices, it is the experience of authenticity at work which mediates the relationship between perceived LGBT supportive practices and life satisfaction. We also find that disclosure and authenticity at work are positively linked, yet LGBT identity centrality moderates this relationship. These findings show that authenticity at work may be particularly important for understanding the experiences of LGBT employees.Practitioner points

We measure perceptions of LGBT supportive practices and show evidence that such perceptions are positively related to important aspects of psychological well‐being.

Authenticity adds value to disclosure at work as we find it is a key mediating process that translates LGBT supportive practices into increased life satisfaction.

It seems that not disclosing is particularly detrimental for the authenticity for those whose LGBT identity is central to their self‐concept.
Effect of Endodontic Access Preparation on Fracture Load of Translucent versus Conventional Zirconia Crowns with Varying Occlusal Thicknesses
Authors: Nejat Amir H. , Dupree Peter , Kee Edwin , Xu Xiaoming , Zakkour Wael , Odom Mark , Bruggers Karen , Mascarenhas Faye 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of endodontic access hole preparation on fracture resistance of translucent zirconia (5Y) and conventional zirconia crowns (3Y) with varying occlusal thicknesses.Materials and MethodsPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dies, representing a prepared tooth, were milled. Zirconia crowns with 1 mm thick axial walls and varying occlusal thicknesses were milled from 3Y (Cercon HT) or 5Y (Cercon XT) zirconia discs and sintered. 160 crowns were divided into 16 groups (n = 10 per group) based on the zirconia type (3Y, 5Y), occlusal thickness (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mm), and access hole preparation (with access hole, control). Crowns were cemented on the PMMA dies with resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (Rely X Luting Plus) under constant weight (500 g) and thermocycled for 10,000 cycles. In half of the samples, following 5000 cycles of thermocycling, a uniform endodontic access hole was created using a diamond bur and restored immediately with resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3M ESPE). The fracture resistance of the specimens was tested on an Instron 5566 universal testing machine with a stainless steel ball indenter (9.0 mm dia.) and the maximum load before failure was recorded as fracture load (N). Three‐way ANOVA testing examined the effect of zirconia type, occlusal thickness, and access hole preparation on fracture loads of the crowns. Statistical tests were two‐sided and significance level was set at 95% (α = 0.05).ResultsFracture load was significantly affected by the type of zirconia, occlusal thickness, and access hole preparation (p < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that access hole preparation significantly reduced the fracture load of 3Y crowns with 0.5 or 1.0 mm of occlusal thickness and 5Y zirconia crowns with 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mm of occlusal thickness (p < 0.05). Increasing occlusal thickness reduced the effect of access hole preparation on fracture load.ConclusionType of zirconia, occlusal thickness, and access hole preparation had significant effects on the fracture load of zirconia crowns. The effect of endodontic access was significant on the 3Y and 5Y zirconia crowns with ≤1.0 and ≤1.5 mm occlusal thicknesses, respectively.
Antibiotic pollution promotes dominance by harmful cyanobacteria: A case study examining norfloxacin exposure in competition experiments
Authors: Li Jing‐Jing , Chao Jing‐Jing , McKay Robert Michael Lee , Xu Run‐Bing , Wang Tao , Xu Jun , Zhang Jin‐Long , Chang Xue‐Xiu 
Published: January 2021

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) in freshwater lakes across the globe are often combined with other stressors. Pharmaceutical pollution, especially antibiotics in water bodies, poses a potential hazard in aquatic ecosystems. However, how antibiotics influence the risk of cyanoHABs remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of norfloxacin (NOR), one of the most widely used antibiotics globally, to a bloom‐forming cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) and a common green alga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), under both mono‐ and coculture conditions. Taxon‐specific responses to NOR were evaluated in monoculture. In addition, the growth rate and change in ratio of cyanobacteria to green algae when cocultured with exposure to NOR were determined. In monocultures of Microcystis, exposure to low concentrations of NOR resulted in decreases in biomass, chlorophyll a and soluble protein content, while superoxide anion content and superoxide dismutase activity increased. However, NOR at high concentration only slightly affected Scenedesmus. During the co‐culture trials of Microcystis and Scenedesmus, the 5 μg · L−1 NOR treatment increased the ratio of Microcystis to co‐cultured Scenedesmus by 47.2%. Meanwhile, although Scenedesmus growth was enhanced by 4.2% under NOR treatment in monoculture, it was conversely inhibited by 63.4% and 38.2% when co‐cultured with Microcystis with and without NOR, respectively. Our results indicate that antibiotic pollution has a potential risk to enhance the perniciousness of cyanoHABs by disturbing interspecific interaction between cyanobacteria and green algae. These results reinforce the need for scientists and managers to consider the influence of xenobiotics in shaping the outcome of interactions among multiple species in aquatic ecosystems.
Entecavir‐induced interferon‐λ1 suppresses type 2 innate lymphoid cells in patients with hepatitis B virus‐related liver cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Si‐Qi , Shen Yue , Li Jing , Liu Yun , Cheng Li‐Sha , Wu Sheng‐Di , She Wei‐Min , Jiang Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe immunomodulatory effects of entecavir (ETV) in anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy have long been recognized. This study aimed to determine the effects of ETV on non‐natural killer innate lymphoid cells (non‐NK ILCs) in HBV‐related liver disease progression. We enrolled treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV‐related liver cirrhosis (LC) patients treated with ETV for 24 months. Before and after therapy, the frequency and cytokine profiles of ILC2s and non‐NK ILCs subset homeostasis and their clinical significance were determined, and serial serum interferon (IFN)‐λ levels were analysed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of untreated LC patients were cultured with serum from untreated and ETV‐treated LC patients in addition to being subject to IFN‐λ1 neutralization and stimulation, and the frequency and cytokine production of ILC2s as well as non‐NK ILCs subset ratios were calculated. Furthermore, IFN‐λ receptor expression on non‐NK ILCs and dendritic cells (DCs) was measured. After 24 months of ETV treatment, the frequency and cytokine production of ILC2s (IL‐4, IL‐13, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α) decreased with increased ILC1/ILC2 and decreased ILC2/ILC3 ratios, revealing a close association with disease status in LC patients. Long‐term ETV administration‐induced serum IFN‐λ1 levels were negatively correlated with ILC2s. ETV‐treated LC serum culture and IFN‐λ1 stimulation yielded similar effects on suppression of ILC2s, and IFN‐λ1 neutralization in serum culture partly inhibited this effect. The IFN‐λ receptor was detected on DCs but not on non‐NK ILCs. In conclusion, ETV suppresses the frequency and cytokine profiles of ILC2s by increasing IFN‐λ1 in LC patients.
First evidence of an intensive bloom of the coccolithophore Syracosphaerahalldalii in a highly variable estuarine environment (Krka River, Adriatic sea)
Authors: Skejić Sanda , Arapov Jasna , Bužančić Mia , Ninčević Gladan Živana , Bakrač Ana , Straka Maja , Mandić Jelena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we provide the first evidence of a bloom formation of coccolithophore Syracosphaera halldalii in a salt‐wedge estuary of Krka River (Mediterranean Sea), during stratified conditions. The increase of coccolithophore abundance was firstly noticed in August 2017 and occurred again in October 2017. The increased abundance appeared over wide salinity (16.9–35.3) and temperature ranges (16.4–23.3ºC). On these two occasions, the highest abundance of S. halldalii confirmed by SEM counts reached 2.51 × 106 cells L−1 at halocline in October. The contribution of S. halldalii to total coccolithophore assemblage was more than 97%. Vertical distribution of total coccolithophores abundance varied over time and followed the temperature curve, with the highest abundances co‐occurring with maximum temperature in the water column. A positive association of coccolithophore abundances with nitrates was found, but pulses of both organic nitrogen and nitrites seem to be important for sustaining the bloom after the initial proliferation. During the entire study period, S. halldalii was found only in the heterococcolith‐bearing phase, and the absence of the holococcolith‐bearing phase could be related to increased turbulence in the estuary. SEM analysis of cell morphology was in concordance with earlier descriptions, with apical coccoliths and body coccoliths of approximately equal size and both having distinct protruding teeth along the inner rim. A single exothecal coccolith was found in association with two S. halldalii cells indicating possible dithecatism of this species.