bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing complex pharmacy consultations: methods used to develop a person-centred intervention to highlight alcohol within pharmacist reviews of medications
Authors: McCambridge Jim , Atkin Karl , Dhital Ranjita , Foster Brent , Gough Brendan , Madden Mary , Morris Stephanie , O’Carroll Ronan , Ogden Margaret , Van Dongen Anne , White Sue , Whittlesea Cate , Stewart Duncan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Alcohol is challenging to discuss, and patients may be reluctant to disclose drinking partly because of concern about being judged. This report presents an overview of the development of a medications review intervention co-produced with the pharmacy profession and with patients, which breaks new ground by seeking to give appropriate attention to alcohol within these consultations.

Methods
This intervention was developed in a series of stages and refined through conceptual discussion, literature review, observational and interview studies, and consultations with advisory groups. In this study we reflect on this process, paying particular attention to the methods used, where lessons may inform innovations in other complex clinical consultations.

Results
Early work with patients and pharmacists infused the entire process with a heightened sense of the complexity of consultations in everyday practice, prompting careful deliberation on the implications for intervention development. This required the research team to be highly responsive to both co-production inputs and data gathered in formally conducted studies, and to be committed to working through the implications for intervention design. The intervention thus evolved significantly over time, with the greatest transformations resulting from patient and pharmacist co-design workshops in the second stage of the process, where pharmacists elaborated on the nature of the need for training in particular. The original research plans provided a helpful structure, and unanticipated issues for investigation emerged throughout the process. This underscored the need to engage dynamically with changing contexts and contents and to avoid rigid adherence to any early prescribed plan.

Conclusions
Alcohol interventions are complex and require careful developmental research. This can be a messy enterprise, which can nonetheless shed new insights into the challenges involved in optimising interventions, and how to meet them, if embraced with an attitude of openness to learning. We found that exposing our own research plans to scrutiny resulted in changes to the intervention design that gained the confidence of different stakeholders. Our understanding of the methods used, and their consequences, may be bounded by the person-centred nature of this particular intervention.
How often should dead-reckoned animal movement paths be corrected for drift?
Authors: Gunner Richard M. , Holton Mark D. , Scantlebury David M. , Hopkins Phil , Shepard Emily L. C. , Fell Adam J. , Garde Baptiste , Quintana Flavio , Gómez-Laich Agustina , Yoda Ken , Yamamoto Takashi , English Holly , Ferreira Sam , Govender Danny , Viljoen Pauli , Bruns Angela , van Schalkwyk O. Louis , Cole Nik C. , Tatayah Vikash , Börger Luca , Redcliffe James , Bell Stephen H. , Marks Nikki J. , Bennett Nigel C. , Tonini Mariano H. , Williams Hannah J. , Duarte Carlos M. , van Rooyen Martin C. , Bertelsen Mads F. , Tambling Craig J. , Wilson Rory P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Understanding what animals do in time and space is important for a range of ecological questions, however accurate estimates of how animals use space is challenging. Within the use of animal-attached tags, radio telemetry (including the Global Positioning System, ‘GPS’) is typically used to verify an animal’s location periodically. Straight lines are typically drawn between these ‘Verified Positions’ (‘VPs’) so the interpolation of space-use is limited by the temporal and spatial resolution of the system’s measurement. As such, parameters such as route-taken and distance travelled can be poorly represented when using VP systems alone. Dead-reckoning has been suggested as a technique to improve the accuracy and resolution of reconstructed movement paths, whilst maximising battery life of VP systems. This typically involves deriving travel vectors from motion sensor systems and periodically correcting path dimensions for drift with simultaneously deployed VP systems. How often paths should be corrected for drift, however, has remained unclear.

Methods and results
Here, we review the utility of dead-reckoning across four contrasting model species using different forms of locomotion (the African lion Panthera leo, the red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda, the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus, and the imperial cormorant Leucocarbo atriceps). Simulations were performed to examine the extent of dead-reckoning error, relative to VPs, as a function of Verified Position correction (VP correction) rate and the effect of this on estimates of distance moved. Dead-reckoning error was greatest for animals travelling within air and water. We demonstrate how sources of measurement error can arise within VP-corrected dead-reckoned tracks and propose advancements to this procedure to maximise dead-reckoning accuracy.

Conclusions
We review the utility of VP-corrected dead-reckoning according to movement type and consider a range of ecological questions that would benefit from dead-reckoning, primarily concerning animal–barrier interactions and foraging strategies.
Validation of the Arabic version of the Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS) among Lebanese adolescents
Authors: Rogoza Radoslaw , Hallit Souheil , Soufia Michel , Barthels Friederike , Obeid Sahar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrthorexia Nervosa (ON) is defined as a pathological preoccupation characterized by obsessive beliefs and compulsive behaviors regarding 'pure' eating behaviors. Many scales have been established and display good results regarding reliability and validity measures, including but not limited to ORTO-R (revised version of ORTO-15), Eating Habits Questionnaire, Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) and the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS). Among these, the DOS seems to be a promising measure for multiple reasons. The current paper aims to validate the DOS, a measure of ON, in a non-Western population of Lebanese adolescents.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional designed study, conducted between May and June 2020, which enrolled 555 adolescents (15–18 years old; 75.7% females). Due the coronavirus pandemic outbreak, the data were gathered through snowball sampling using an online questionnaire. The DOS, TOS and ORTO-R scales were used in this study to screen for orthorexic tendencies and behaviors.ResultsWe tested four competing structural models of the DOS assessing its factorial validity. The results of the current investigation revealed that the one-factorial model is the best one to represent the structure of the questionnaire. We provided evidence for validity for the DOS through demonstrating that it correlates significantly with other measures of orthorexic behaviours (Teruel Orthorexia Scale and ORTO-R). Finally, we have gathered evidence that the orthorexic behaviours as measured by DOS are not associated with age (r = −.02;p = .589), household crowding index (r = .02;p = .578), and Body Mass Index (r = .04;p = .297). Yet, females as compared to males achieved higher scores (M = 20.07,SD = 6.38 vsM = 18.29,SD = 6.37;p = .005;d = .28).ConclusionThe Arabic version of the DOS seems to be a structurally valid and internally consistent questionnaire measuring orthorexic eating behavior in a sample of Lebanese adolescents. This tool may be useful for psychologists, psychiatrists, dietitians and other clinicians in the assessment and the treatment of the multidimensional nature of ON.
Class-II dihydroorotate dehydrogenases from three phylogenetically distant fungi support anaerobic pyrimidine biosynthesis
Authors: Bouwknegt Jonna , Koster Charlotte C. , Vos Aurin M. , Ortiz-Merino Raúl A. , Wassink Mats , Luttik Marijke A. H. , van den Broek Marcel , Hagedoorn Peter L. , Pronk Jack T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In most fungi, quinone-dependent Class-II dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) are essential for pyrimidine biosynthesis. Coupling of these Class-II DHODHs to mitochondrial respiration makes their in vivo activity dependent on oxygen availability. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and closely related yeast species harbor a cytosolic Class-I DHOD (Ura1) that uses fumarate as electron acceptor and thereby enables anaerobic pyrimidine synthesis. Here, we investigate DHODs from three fungi (the Neocallimastigomycete Anaeromyces robustus and the yeasts Schizosaccharomyces japonicus and Dekkera bruxellensis) that can grow anaerobically but, based on genome analysis, only harbor a Class-II DHOD.

Results
Heterologous expression of putative Class-II DHOD-encoding genes from fungi capable of anaerobic, pyrimidine-prototrophic growth (Arura9, SjURA9, DbURA9) in an S. cerevisiae ura1Δ strain supported aerobic as well as anaerobic pyrimidine prototrophy. A strain expressing DbURA9 showed delayed anaerobic growth without pyrimidine supplementation. Adapted faster growing DbURA9-expressing strains showed mutations in FUM1, which encodes fumarase. GFP-tagged SjUra9 and DbUra9 were localized to S. cerevisiae mitochondria, while ArUra9, whose sequence lacked a mitochondrial targeting sequence, was localized to the yeast cytosol. Experiments with cell extracts showed that ArUra9 used free FAD and FMN as electron acceptors. Expression of SjURA9 in S. cerevisiae reproducibly led to loss of respiratory competence and mitochondrial DNA. A cysteine residue (C265 in SjUra9) in the active sites of all three anaerobically active Ura9 orthologs was shown to be essential for anaerobic activity of SjUra9 but not of ArUra9.

Conclusions
Activity of fungal Class-II DHODs was long thought to be dependent on an active respiratory chain, which in most fungi requires the presence of oxygen. By heterologous expression experiments in S. cerevisiae, this study shows that phylogenetically distant fungi independently evolved Class-II dihydroorotate dehydrogenases that enable anaerobic pyrimidine biosynthesis. Further structure–function studies are required to understand the mechanistic basis for the anaerobic activity of Class-II DHODs and an observed loss of respiratory competence in S. cerevisiae strains expressing an anaerobically active DHOD from Sch. japonicus.
Fissure-first bilobectomy of a giant lung abscess combined with a squamous cell carcinoma via a minimally invasive open surgery
Authors: Uchiyama Suiha , Iizuka Shuhei , Nakamura Toru 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Fissureless lobectomies are beneficial for preventing prolonged air leaks (PALs). Despite the widespread use of this technique in lobectomy cases, there have been no reports on fissureless bilobectomies to date.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old man with an 80-pack per year smoking history was diagnosed with a stage 1 primary squamous cell carcinoma in the right lower lobe. He developed a lung abscess inside the tumor 6 weeks after the cancer diagnosis and a surgical resection was planned. A middle and lower bilobectomy was mandatory because of the interlobar pulmonary artery involvement. We chose a fissureless technique to avoid any cancer dissemination and bacterial spillage. The thoracoscopic view revealed that the tumor volume was too large to flexibly mobilize. The minimally invasive open surgery (MIOS) approach was valuable in that it combined direct vision and a thoracoscopic maneuver for treating even a large, distended mass. He was discharged uneventfully 9 days after the operation.

Conclusions
The fissureless bilobectomy, in addition to preventing PALs, was a feasible option for preventing cancer dissemination and bacterial spillage for a lung abscess. The MIOS was a safe and minimally invasive approach for even a giant abscess that inhibited the flexible mobilization of the lung.
Safety of various parameter sets with navigated microsecond pulsing laser in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Chhablani Jay , Kalra Gagan , Alkwatli Lubna , Fassbender Bernd , Amoroso Francesca , Chandra Khushboo , Ankireddy Samantha , Maltsev Dmitrii , Striebe Nina-Antonia , Souied Eric 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Subthreshold microsecond pulsing laser is an increasingly common treatment approach for central serous chorioretinopathy. However, there is no literature available on the safety of microsecond laser using different fluence settings in this disease. While many publications can be obtained from conventional microsecond pulsing lasers, few parameter sets are published with the navigated microsecond pulsing laser. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the safety of different parameter sets in subthreshold microsecond pulsing laser treatments.

Methods
In this retrospective chart review, consecutive patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (> 3 months duration of symptoms) treated with navigated subthreshold microsecond pulsing laser and a follow up of at least five months after microsecond laser application were included. For each patient, the treatment parameters, plan layout, and adverse events related to laser were evaluated. Secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity and anatomical improvements (central retinal thickness).

Results
One hundred and one eyes were included in the observation and followed for a mean of 10 months (range 5–36). Although a larger range of parameter sets and fluence settings have been used, no patient demonstrated adverse events from navigated microsecond pulsing laser. While 88% of the cases demonstrated stability, 13 cases lost five or more letters due to the persistence of the subretinal fluid. In mean, a best-corrected visual acuity improvement of 0.07logMar (± 0.2) was seen (p = 0.02). In 51% of the patients, a statistically significant improvement of the central retinal thickness was noted at the last follow-up with a mean thickness reduction of 70 µm (± 143) (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
In conclusion, none of the used parameter sets lead to tissue damage (when using a cautious titration) and, in summary, lead to an improvement in subretinal fluid and improvement in visual acuity. However, further prospective studies are needed to correctly identify the dependency of the treatment strategy on the outcome criteria.
Media influence on humanitarian interventions: analysis of the Rohingya refugee crisis and international media coverage
Authors: Lee Michelle J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2017, the long-festering discriminatory treatment to the Rohingyas in Myanmar, both in law and practice, resulted in the largest cross-border humanitarian crisis in Asia. During the 2016‑2017 Rohingya refugee crisis, the aerial shots of burnt villages and images of people trudging toward the horizon in search of refuge in neighboring nations dominated the Western media. However, for humanitarians, the question of whether the media helps with humanitarian crises remains complicated and unclear. This study examines the effects of media coverage on the Rohingya refugee crisis based on articles from two liberal, elite newspaper sources, The New York Times and The Guardian between 2010 and 2020. The study reveals that the attempts of international pressure to stop the crisis have increased through media coverage and political pressures; however, the number of Rohingya refugees fleeing Myanmar intensified due to worsening violence and human rights violations committed by the Myanmar army. Findings are discussed using the lens of cultural and ideological context. The study suggests that in Myanmar, where authoritarian military culture is pervasive, there is a limited influence of the international press on the state-sponsored ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya population and questions whether consistent international pressure could have changed the outcome.
Assessment of macronutrients consumption in the diet of adolescent school children in four seasons: a longitudinal study from an urban city in Pakistan
Authors: Abidi Syed Hasan Raza , Almas Aysha , Ghani Abdul , Sabir Sania , Iqbal Romania 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA healthy diet in the adolescence period is essential for physical, mental, and immunological development. We aimed to assess macronutrient consumption in the diet of adolescent school children using 24 h recalls in four seasons of the year.MethodThis was a longitudinal study conducted from February 2014 to June 2015. The study population included 155 school children aged 7–14 years from an urban school in Karachi. 24HR recall was conducted on 4 random days of the 4 main seasons. A food composition table was developed where the weight, calories, carbohydrate, fat, and protein content of the food items were listed. Macronutrients quantification was calculated by using proportional weight from the food composition table. Food groups were also assigned to each food item including vegetables, fruits, grains, protein foods, dairy products, and oils.ResultsA total of 155 adolescent children aged between 7 and 14 years were approached. Out of the 155 preadolescents and adolescents, 150 (96.7%) agreed to participate. The mean (SD) age of the children was 11.31 (1.6) years, and 59% of all the children were males. Overall mean (SD) daily intake for all seasons was 195.31 (86.87) grams of carbohydrates, 94.77 (71.87) grams of proteins, and 55.87 (30.79) grams of fats. Carbohydrates formed 48.16%, protein 21.92%, and fat 29.93% of the total caloric intake. The mean (SD) daily caloric intake was 1517 (644) grams. Overall, the highest source of calories was from carbohydrate 781 (347) Kilocalories (Kcal), followed by fat 502 (277) Kcal and protein 379 (287). The Carbohydrate intake in 24 h was highest in the autumn; 212.81 (85.37), and there was a significant difference in carbohydrate intake in all seasons (pvalue 0.003). Consumption of discretionary food group was high (31.3%), and consumption of fruits and vegetables was low (29%).ConclusionThe study reports a suboptimal caloric intake of fewer than 2000 cal/day among the adolescents from school. The highest source of calories was from carbohydrates.The highest consumption of food was in autumn and the least in summer. Fruits and vegetable intake was low, and discretionary food intake was high.
Intracerebral hemorrhage due to moyamoya syndrome as a rare presentation of cerebral rheumatoid vasculitis: a case report
Authors: El-Sudany Ayman Hassan , El-Halawany Salah Hussein , Georgy Shady S. , Zaki Amr S. , Bedros Rady Y. , Mostafa Mostafa Hashim , El-Bassiouny Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Central nervous system affection in rheumatoid arthritis is rare. The most frequently encountered neurological complications with rheumatoid arthritis are peripheral neuropathy and atlantoaxial subluxation with subsequent spinal cord compression. Cerebral rheumatoid vasculitis is not a common complication.

Case presentation
A 60-year-old Egyptian female with history of rheumatoid arthritis for 15 years presented with headache and receptive aphasia. Computed tomography scan of the brain showed recent intracerebral hemorrhage. Digital subtraction cerebral angiography showed moyamoya syndrome angiographic pattern as sequelae of intracranial vasculitis. The patient did well with conservative management.

Conclusion
Cerebral rheumatoid vasculitis is rare, but can be a life-threatening condition. Early management of rheumatoid arthritis is essential to prevent such serious complication.
Effects of photobiomodulation and a physical exercise program on the expression of inflammatory and cartilage degradation biomarkers and functional capacity in women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized blinded study
Authors: Vassão Patricia Gabrielli , de Souza Ana Carolina Flygare , da Silveira Campos Raquel Munhoz , Garcia Livia Assis , Tucci Helga Tatiana , Renno Ana Claudia Muniz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by degradation of articular cartilage that leads to chronic inflammation. Exercise programs and photobiomodulation (PBM) are capable of modulating the inflammatory process of minimizing functional disability related to knee OA. However, their association on the concentration of biomarkers related to OA development has not been studied yet. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of PBM (via cluster) with a physical exercise program in functional capacity, serum inflammatory and cartilage degradation biomarkers in patients with knee OA.

Methods
Forty-two patients were randomly allocated in 3 groups: ESP: exercise + sham PBM; EAP: exercise + PBM and CG: control group. Six patients were excluded before finished the experimental period. The analyzed outcomes in baseline and 8-week were: the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) and the evaluation of serum biomarkers concentration (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 e TNF-α, and CTX-II).

Results
An increase in the functional capacity was observed in the WOMAC total score for both treated groups (p < 0.001) and ESP presents a lower value compared to CG (p < 0.05) the 8-week post-treatment. In addition, there was a significant increase in IL-10 concentration of EAP (p < 0.05) and higher value compared to CG (p < 0.001) the 8-week post-treatment. Moreover, an increase in IL-1β concentration was observed for CG (p < 0.05). No other difference was observed comparing the other groups.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that the physical exercise therapy could be a strategy for increasing functional capacity and in association with PBM for increasing IL-10 levels in OA knee individuals.
Trial registration: ReBEC (RBR-7t6nzr).
Predictors of residual hepatic reserve and hepatic decompensation in cirrhotic patients after ablated hepatocellular carcinoma treated by DDAs or systemic therapy
Authors: Hanafy Amr Shaaban , Mohamed Mohamed Sorour , Taleb Mohamed Abu , Mohammed H. M. , Ibrahim Tarek M. H. , Saber Sameh , Atia Hesham A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Therapeutic interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) particularly in patients with advanced liver disease may lead to more aggravation of clinical and biochemical parameters of liver functions. We aimed to assess the utilization of easily applied variables which evaluate residual hepatic reserve to predict liability for complications and hepatic decompensation in cirrhotic patients with ablated HCC particularly when these patients were exposed to specific medical treatment such as DAAs and systemic therapy for HCC such as sorafenib.
This study included 3 groups with HCC. Group 1: patients with ablated HCC and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A, who received Sofosbuvir (SOF)-based treatment (n = 250), group 2: HCC patients CTP (A), managed with sorafenib after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (n = 250) and group 3 as a control group of non-cirrhotic patients (n = 176). Evaluation for all patients was done by routine laboratory investigations including liver and kidney functions, complete blood count, platelet indices and plasma ammonia, upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and estimation of liver volume by ultrasound and liver stiffness (LS) by Fibroscan.

Results
Unfavorable outcome and increased incidence of complications during DAAs were independently associated with severity of thrombocytopenia (p = 0.001) at a cut-off 78,000/μl, LS > 20 kPa (p = 0.001), liver volume < 500 ml (p = 0.002), and gamma globulin levels > 4 gm/dl (p = 0.004).
In the sorafenib group, unfavorable outcome and complications were independently associated with PDW/MPV ratio > 2.74 (p = 0.001), level of ammonia > 87 μg/dl (p = 0.001), LS > 25 kPa (p = 0.001), and liver volume < 490 ml (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Non-invasive parameters of residual hepatic reserve are promising tools to guide therapy and avoid further complications in patients with liver cirrhosis and ablated HCC.