bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of aromatic three‐line hybrid rice using novel alleles of BADH2
Authors: Hui Suozhen , Li Huijuan , Mawia Amos Musyoki , Zhou Liang , Cai Jinyang , Ahmad Shakeel , Lai Changkai , Wang Jingxin , Jiao Guiai , Xie Lihong , Shao Gaoneng , Sheng Zhonghua , Tang Shaoqing , Wang Jianlong , Wei Xiangjin , Hu Shikai , Hu Peisong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAroma is a key grain quality trait that directly influences the market price of rice globally. Loss of function of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (OsBADH2) affects the biosynthesis of 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP), which is responsible for aroma in fragrant rice. The current study was aimed at creating new alleles of BADH2 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology under the genetic background of the japonica Ningjing 1 (NJ1) and indica Huang Huazhan (HHZ) varieties. Sensory evaluation and analysis using headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) showed that the grains of the four homozygous T1 lines with new alleles of BADH2 (nj1‐cr BADH2‐1, nj1‐cr BADH2‐2, hhz‐cr BADH2‐1 and hhz‐cr BADH2‐2) produced moderate fragrance and had significantly increased 2‐AP content compared with wild‐types. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the amylose content and gelatinization temperature among the four lines with new alleles of BADH2 to the wild‐types. Thereafter, we crossed the HHZ background new alleles of BADH2 with CMS line Taonong 1A (TN1A) to produce a three‐line hybrid variety B‐Tao‐You‐Xiangzhan (BTYXZ) with increased grain aroma. The 2‐AP content in grains of the improved BTYXZ‐1 and BTYXZ‐2 reached at 26.16 and 18.74 μg/kg, and the gel consistency of BTYXZ‐1 and BTYXZ‐2 increased significantly by 9.1% and 6.5%, respectively, compared with the wild‐type Tao‐You‐Xiangzhan (TYXZ). However, the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in the improved three‐line hybrid rice BTYXZ‐1 (5.6 mg/100 g) and BTYXZ‐2 (10.7 mg/100 g) was significantly lower than that of the TYXZ. These results demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology could be successfully utilized in improving aroma in non‐fragrant japonica and indica varieties. In addition, the newly developed BADH2 alleles provided important genetic resources for grain aroma improvement in three‐line hybrid rice.
Drone‐based physiological index reveals long‐term acclimation and drought stress responses in trees
Authors: D'Odorico Petra , Schönbeck Leonie , Vitali Valentina , Meusburger Katrin , Schaub Marcus , Ginzler Christian , Zweifel Roman , Velasco Vera Marjorie Elauria , Gisler Jonas , Gessler Arthur , Ensminger Ingo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMonitoring early tree physiological responses to drought is key to understanding progressive impacts of drought on forests and identifying resilient species. We combined drone‐based multispectral remote sensing with measurements of tree physiology and environmental parameters over two growing seasons in a 100‐y‐oldPinus sylvestrisforest subject to 17‐y of precipitation manipulation. Our goal was to determine if drone‐based photochemical reflectance index (PRI) captures tree drought stress responses and whether responses are affected by long‐term acclimation. PRI detects changes in xanthophyll cycle pigment dynamics, which reflect increases in photoprotective non‐photochemical quenching activity resulting from drought‐induced photosynthesis downregulation. Here, PRI of never‐irrigated trees was up to 10 times lower (higher stress) than PRI of irrigated trees. Long‐term acclimation to experimental treatment, however, influenced the seasonal relationship between PRI and soil water availability. PRI also captured diurnal decreases in photochemical efficiency, driven by vapour pressure deficit. Interestingly, 5 years after irrigation was stopped for a subset of the irrigated trees, a positive legacy effect persisted, with lower stress responses (higher PRI) compared with never‐irrigated trees. This study demonstrates the ability of remotely sensed PRI to scale tree physiological responses to an entire forest and the importance of long‐term acclimation in determining current drought stress responses.
Photodocumentation in skin of color
Authors: Akhtar Shifa , Chen Vivien , Benjamin Latanya , Mayoral Flor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhotodocumentation is an important tool utilized across medical specialties and plays an especially pivotal role in dermatology given the visual nature of the field. Although it has been well‐established that dermatologic diseases manifest differently in dark skin compared to light skin, there is under‐representation of images of dark skin in dermatology textbooks and other educational resources. It is essential for dermatologists to work toward increasing the availability of images of dermatologic disease in dark skin by improving their own ability to successfully photograph dark‐skinned patients. In this article, we describe our nuanced approach to photographing skin of color in regards to the ideal background type, lighting, and camera settings.
Erythema ab igne in pediatric patients remote schooling during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A case series
Authors: Duan Grace Y. , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractErythema ab igne is an uncommon dermatosis characterized by erythematous or hyperpigmented reticular patches that appear after prolonged localized heat exposure. We present three cases of erythema ab igne in pediatric patients who presented in March and April of 2021 and share a history of space heater usage while engaging in remote schooling during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: The role of lipids, inflammatory cytokines, altered host response, and the microbiome
Authors: Pirih Flavia Q. , Monajemzadeh Sepehr , Singh Neelima , Sinacola Rachel Sheridan , Shin Jae Min , Chen Tsute , Fenno J. Christopher , Kamarajan Pachiyappan , Rickard Alexander H. , Travan Suncica , Paster Bruce J. , Kapila Yvonne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome. With regard to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, to date, the vast majority of studies point to an association between these two conditions and also demonstrate that periodontitis can contribute to the development of, or can worsen, metabolic syndrome. Evaluating the effect of metabolic syndrome on the salivary microbiome, data presented herein support the hypothesis that the salivary bacterial profile is altered in metabolic syndrome patients compared with healthy patients. Considering periodontitis and these three conditions, the vast majority of human and animal studies point to an association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that metabolic syndrome and diabetes can alter the oral microbiome. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the influence these conditions have on each other.
Dental informed consent challenges and considerations for cognitively impaired patients
Authors: Alsaleh Ahmed , Kapila Anjuli , Shahriar Iftee , Kapila Yvonne L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBecause the US population is living to an older age, the number of individuals with cognitive impairment and periodontitis is increasing, as both conditions/diseases increase with age. Dental informed consent best practices for dental/periodontal treatment of individuals with cognitive impairment have not been explored, yet warrant consideration, because complex dental treatments to address periodontal needs/edentulism raise challenges for informed consent in the elderly with cognitive impairment. The purpose of this review is to help practitioners better understand this topic and develop best practices in dentistry for informed consent of patients with cognitive impairment that need extensive dental treatment, including surgical and implant therapy.
Risk Analysis Frameworks Used in Biological Control and Introduction of a Novel Bayesian Network Tool
Authors: Meurisse Nicolas , Marcot Bruce G. , Woodberry Owen , Barratt Barbara I. P. , Todd Jacqui H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClassical biological control, the introduction of natural enemies to new environments to control unwanted pests or weeds, is, despite numerous successful examples, associated with rising concerns about unwanted environmental impacts such as population decline of nontarget species. Recognition of these biosafety risks is globally increasing, and prerelease assessments of biological control agents (BCAs) have become more rigorous in many countries. We review the current approaches to risk assessment for BCAs as used in Australasia, Europe, and North America. Traditionally, these assessments focus on providing assurance about the specificity of a proposed BCA, generally via a list of suitable versus nonsuitable hosts determined through laboratory specificity tests (i.e., by determining the BCA's physiological host range). The outcome of interactions of proposed agents in the natural environment can differ from laboratory‐based predictions. Potential nontarget host testing may be incomplete, additional ecological barriers under field conditions may limit encounters between BCA and nontargets or reduce attack levels, and BCAs could disperse to habitats beyond those used by the target species and adversely affect nontarget species. We advocate for the adoption of more comprehensive, ecologically‐based, probabilistic risk assessment approaches to BCA introductions. An example is provided using a Bayesian network that can integrate information on probabilities and uncertainties of a BCA to spread and establish in new habitats, interact with nontarget species in these habitats, and eventually negatively impact the populations of these nontarget species. Our new model, Biocontrol Adverse Impact Probability Assessment, aims to be incorporated into a structured decision‐making framework to support national regulatory authorities.
Judicial efficiency and the comparative disadvantage of Indian manufacturing
Authors: Adhikari Santosh , Alexeev Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examine whether poor efficiency of the judicial system can explain the sluggish growth of contract‐intensive manufacturing in India. We use a large set of fixed effects to address the potential endogeneity problem. More important, we contribute to the literature by exploiting the time dimension of the data, including the use of a conventional “within” estimator, and by employing three different measures of judicial efficiency. Our results, confirm the hypothesis that a more efficient judicial system facilitates development of industries with a higher degree of “relationship specificity.” This finding, combined with the lack of significant improvement in institutional quality in the country since the early 1990s, provides one explanation for comparative disadvantage of India’s contract‐intensive manufacturing sectors which also tend to be sectors producing complex manufacturing goods.
Association between parent’s and adult offspring’s mentalizing capacity: The moderating role of child’s temperament
Authors: Jovanc\̌ević Ana , Tos\̌ić Radev Milica , Stefanović Stanojević Tatjana 
Published: August 2021

There is a lack of studies evaluating temperament as a predictor of one’s mentalizing capacity and its moderating role in the relationship between mentalization in parents and their offspring. So, the aim of this study is to examine whether certain types of children’s temperament and their parents’ mentalizing capacity can predict children’s mentalizing capacity and whether children’s temperament is a moderator in the context of parent‐child relationship. The sample consisted of 388 participants, i.e., 194 dyads of primary caregivers and their adult children. In order to operationalize the mentalizing capacity (of both parents and their adult children), we used The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Fonagy et al., 2017). Different types of temperament in children were measured using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego – auto‐questionnaire – short version (Akiskal, Mendlowicz, Jean‐Louis et al., J Affect Disord, 85, 45–52, 2005). The results indicate that parents’ mentalizing capacity is a significant predictor of this competence in their children. Anxious and depressive temperaments directly predict higher scores on certainty about mental states, while hyperthymic temperament is a negative predictor of a good mentalizing ability. Furthermore, certain temperament types, irritable and hyperthymic, are statistically significant moderators in the relationship between the individual’s and the parent’s mentalizing capacity. The results suggest the possibility that hyperthymic temperament in children can alleviate the negative consequences of low mentalizing capacity of parents on mentalizing capacity of their children. Finally, the results suggest that positive relationship between high mentalizing capacity of parents and children is especially distinctive for children with irritable temperament.
GeoAI in the US Geological Survey for topographic mapping
Authors: Usery E. Lynn , Arundel Samantha T. , Shavers Ethan , Stanislawski Lawrence , Thiem Philip , Varanka Dalia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) can be defined broadly as the application of artificial intelligence methods and techniques to geospatial data, processes, models, and applications. The application of these methods to topographic data and phenomena is a focus of research in the US Geological Survey (USGS). Specifically, the USGS has researched and developed applications in terrain feature extraction, hydrographic network extraction, and semantic modeling. This article is a documentation of the recent work and current state of research and development. The article helps define the accomplishments and directions of research and applications in fields of GeoAI for topographic mapping within the USGS and more broadly.
Familial follicular cell thyroid carcinomas in a large number of Dutch German longhaired pointers
Authors: Yu Yun , Krupa Adriana , Keesler Rebekah I. , Grinwis Guy C. M. , de Ruijsscher Mariska , de Vos Johan , Groenen Martien A. M. , Crooijmans Richard P. M. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThyroid carcinomas (TCs) originating from follicular cells of the thyroid gland occur in both humans and dogs, and they have highly similar histomorphologic patterns. In dogs, TCs have not been extensively investigated, especially concerning the familial origin of TCs. Here, we report familial thyroid follicular cell carcinomas (FCCs) confirmed by histology in 54 Dutch origin German longhaired pointers. From the pedigree, 45 of 54 histopathologically confirmed cases are closely related to a pair of first‐half cousins in the past, indicating a familial disease. In addition, genetics contributed more to the thyroid FCC than other factors by an estimated heritability of 0.62 based on pedigree. The age of diagnosis ranged between 4.5 and 13.5 years, and 76% of cases were diagnosed before 10 years of age, implying an early onset of disease. We observed a significant higher pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficient in the affected dogs (mean F, 0.23) compared to unaffected dogs (mean F, 0.14), suggesting the contribution of inbreeding to tumour development. The unique occurrence of familial thyroid FCC in this dog population and the large number of affected dogs make this population an important model to identify the genetic basis of familial thyroid FCC in this breed and may contribute to the research into pathogenesis, prevention and treatment in humans.
Construction of Dependence Structure for Rainfall Stations by Joining Time Series Models with Copula Method
Authors: Mohd Lokoman Rahmah , Yusof Fadhilah , Alias Nor Eliza , Yusop Zulkifli 
Published: August 2021

Copula model has applied in various hydrologic studies, however, most analyses conducted does not considering the non-stationary conditions that may exist in the time series. To investigate the dependence structure between two rainfall stations at Johor Bahru, two methods have been applied. The first method considers the non-stationary condition that exists in the data, while the second method assumes stationarity in the time series data. Through goodness-off-fit (GOF) and simulation tests, performance of both methods are compared in this study. The results obtained in this study highlight the importance of considering non-stationarity conditions in the hydrological data.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Deep-Water Wave Instabilities Involving Wave Breaking
Authors: Li Yuzhu , Fuhrman David R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Instabilities of deep-water wave trains subject to initially small perturbations (which then grow exponentially) can lead to extreme waves in offshore regions. The present study focuses on the two-dimensional Benjamin–Feir (or modulational) instability and the three-dimensional crescent (or horseshoe) waves, also known as Class I and Class II instabilities, respectively. Numerical studies on Class I and Class II wave instabilities to date have been mostly limited to models founded on potential flow theory; thus, they could only properly investigate the process from initial growth of the perturbations to the initial breaking point. The present study conducts numerical simulations to investigate the generation and development of wave instabilities involving the wave breaking process. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with a turbulence closure model in terms of the Reynolds stress model is applied. Wave form evolutions, Fourier amplitudes, and the turbulence beneath the broken waves are investigated.
Design and testing of a conventional clutch filled with magnetorheological fluid activated by a flexible permanent magnet at low compressive load: Numerical simulation and experimental study
Authors: Thakur Manish Kumar , Sarkar Chiranjit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this research article, the working of conventional clutch (CC) filled with magnetorheological (MR) fluid was tested at low compressive load. The flexible permanent magnetic sheet (FMS) controlled the chain strength of MR fluid. A single clutch plate based on FMS was fabricated and tested on the developed test rig. The characteristics of the developed single plate MR clutch (SPMRC) were found by the testing and mathematical calculations. Magnetic circuit analysis presents the magnetic field distribution in the developed MR clutch. The mathematical expression for the torque transmission due to shear and compression is presented. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software is used for the magnetic field simulation at different loading conditions. The temperature distribution in the developed clutch is simulated and experimented. It is observed from the results that the input shaft oscillation in the reduces more during disengagement in the SPMRC than the CC.
Speech2Mindmap: Testing the Accuracy of Unsupervised Automatic Mindmapping Technology With Speech Recognition
Authors: Lee Bumsoo , Feldman Brian , Fu Katherine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research aims to augment human cognition through the advancement and automation of mindmapping technologies, which could later support human creativity and virtual collaboration. Mindmapping is a visual brainstorming technique that allows problem solvers to utilize the human brain's ability to retrieve knowledge through similarity and association. While it is a powerful tool to generate concepts in any phase of s or design, the content of mindmaps is usually manually generated while listening or conversing and generating ideas, requiring a high cognitive load. This work introduces the development of a speech-driven automated mindmapping technology, called Speech2Mindmap. The specifics of the Speech2Mindmap algorithm are detailed, along with two case studies that serve to test its accuracy in comparison to human-generated mindmaps, using audio recorded speech data as input. In the first case study, the Speech2Mindmap algorithm was evaluated on how well it represents manually generated human mindmapping output. The second case study evaluated the reliability of the Speech2Mindmap algorithm and examined the best performing methods and conditions to achieve the greatest similarity to human-generated mindmaps. This research demonstrates that the Speech2Mindmap algorithm is capable of representing manually generated human mindmapping output and found the best performing methods and conditions to generate a mindmap that is 80% similar, on average, to human-generated mindmaps.
A New Decade of Healthy People: Considerations for Comparing Youth Physical Activity Across 2 Surveillance Systems
Authors: Chen Tiffany J. , Watson Kathleen B. , Michael Shannon L. , Minnaert Jessica J. , Fulton Janet E. , Carlson Susan A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Healthy People 2030 includes objectives to increase meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline for ages 6–13 years (of ages 6–17 y, monitored by National Survey of Children’s Health [NSCH]) and grades 9 to 12 (mostly aged 14–18+ y, monitored by Youth Risk Behavior Survey [YRBS]). This study compares methodologies, prevalence, and patterns of meeting the guideline, particularly for overlapping ages 14–17 years. Methods: Nationally representative surveys, 2016–2017 NSCH (adult proxy report, 6–17 y) and 2015 and 2017 YRBS (self-report, grades 9–12), assess meeting the guideline of ≥60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity. Prevalence and odds ratios were estimated by age group and demographics. Results: For youth aged 14–17 years, 17.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1–18.7; NSCH) and 27.0% (95% CI, 25.6–28.5; YRBS) met the guideline. 25.9% (95% CI, 24.8–27.2) aged 6–13 years (NSCH) and 26.6% (95% CI, 25.3–28.0) in grades 9 to 12 (YRBS) met the guideline. Across surveys, fewer females (P < .001) and Asian youth (P < .001 except among NSCH 14–17 y) met the guideline. Conclusions: Neither methodology nor estimates for meeting the aerobic guideline are similar across surveys, so age continuity between juxtaposed estimates should not be assumed by magnitude nor age for separate Healthy People 2030 youth physical activity objectives.