bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Behavioral Changes, and Low Seroprevalence of SARS–CoV‐2 Antibodies in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ammitzbøll Christian , Andersen Jakob Bøgh , Vils Signe Risbøl , Mistegaard Clara Elbæk , Mikkelsen Susan , Erikstrup Christian , Thomsen Marianne Kragh , Hauge Ellen‐Margrethe , Troldborg Anne 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivePatients with chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), require special attention during the COVID‐19 pandemic as they are considered at risk of severe infections. Our objective was to assess the seroprevalence of SARS–CoV‐2 in patients with SLE and RA and to assess patient behavior, disease‐related symptoms, and mental health.MethodsMore than 900 participants were included: 405 patients with RA or SLE (CRD patients) and 513 blood donors. All participants had blood SARS–CoV‐2 total antibodies measured (sensitivity 96.7%, specificity 99.5%) and answered a questionnaire concerning behavior, anxiety, and symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9). The CRD patients were further asked about physical activity, adherence to medication, and disease‐related symptoms.ResultsCRD patients had a significantly lower seroprevalence of SARS–CoV‐2 antibodies (n = 1 of 365, 0.3%) compared to blood donors (n = 10 of 513, 1.9%; P = 0.03). Almost 60% of patients were unable to exercise as usual, and increased pain and disease activity was experienced by 34% and 24% of patients, respectively. Almost 10% of patients reduced or discontinued their immunosuppressive treatments at their own initiative. Symptoms of moderate depression were present in 19% of patients compared to 6.8% of blood donors (P < 0.001).ConclusionLow seroprevalence in patients with CRDs indicates successful mitigation of exposure to SARS–CoV‐2. However, this mitigation appears to occur at the expense of physical activity, experience of increased pain, disease activity, and symptoms of depression. There is a need for care providers to be aware of these negative side effects and for further studies to investigate the possible long‐term consequences.
Ethnicity and Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Israel
Authors: Niznik Stanley , Rapoport Micha J. , Avnery Orly , Ellis Martin H. , Hajyahia Soad , Agmon‐Levin Nancy 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired coagulopathy associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Whether ethnicity modulates APS clinical course is not known. The aim of our study was to assess the interplay of ethnicity and APS in Israel.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the ethnic distribution of APS patients from 3 medical centers in Israel compared to the general population. Ethnic groups were defined according to the Israeli Bureau of Statistics as Ashkenazi (European), former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), North African, Asian (West Asia, Greece, and Turkey), Israeli Arab individuals, and others.ResultsOur cohort included 382 patients. The prevalence of Ashkenazi and Asian ethnicities was more pronounced (33% versus 12.8% and 15.4% versus 7.7%, respectively; P < 0.001), while Israeli Arabs were less represented (5.2% versus 31.1%; P < 0.001) relative to their part in the general population. Arab patients were younger at presentation (mean ± SD 28 ± 10 years versus 34 ± 13 years; P < 0.001) and were more likely to present with venous thrombosis (50% versus 35%; P = 0.037) and to suffer from venous thrombotic recurrence (45% versus 16%; P < 0.001) compared to other ethnicities. Mortality was higher among patients of Asian ethnic origin (8.8% versus 1.1%; P = 0.005); intriguingly, this group experienced cardiovascular risk factors more often (i.e., dyslipidemia and hypertension).ConclusionEthnicity may affect the prevalence and/or natural course of APS, which is less prevalent and differs clinically in Israeli Arab patients, while mortality was linked with Asian ethnicity.
Controllable Patterning of Porous MXene (Ti3C2) by Metal‐Assisted Electro‐Gelation Method
Authors: Tu Tingting , Liang Bo , Zhang Shanshan , Li Tianyu , Zhang Bin , Xu Shiyi , Mao Xiyu , Cai Yu , Fang Lu , Ye Xuesong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince discovered in 2011, transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted enormous attention due to their unique properties. Morphology regulation strategies assembling 2D MXene sheets into 3D architecture have endowed the as‐formed porous MXene with a better performance in various fields. However, the direct patterning strategy for the porous MXene into integration with multifunctional and multichannel electronic devices still needs to be investigated. The metal‐assisted electro‐gelation method the authors propose can directly generate porous‐structured MXene hydrogel with a tunable feature. By electrolyzing the sacrificial metal, the released metal cations initiate the electro‐gelation process during which electrostatic interactions occur between cations and the MXene sheets. A high spatial resolution down to micro‐meter level is achieved utilizing the method, enabling high‐performance hydrogels with more complex architectures. Electronics prepared through this metal‐assisted electro‐gelation process have shown promising applications of the porous MXene in energy and biochemical sensing fields. Energy storage devices with a capacitance at 33.3 mF cm−2 and biochemical sensors show prominent current responses towards metabolites (sensitivity of H2O2: 165.6 µA mm−1 cm−2; sensitivity of DA: 212 nA µm−1 cm−2), suggesting that the metal‐assisted electro‐gelation method will become a prospective technique for advanced fabrication of MXene‐based devices.
I3–/I– Redox Enhanced Sodium Metal Batteries by Using Graphene Oxide Encapsulated Mesoporous Carbon Sphere Cathode
Authors: Hu Xudong , Zhao Yang , Yoo Seung Joon , Li Xin , Zeng Xiaojun , Zheng Chunming , Sun Xiaohong , Stucky Galen D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) employing transition‐metal‐free cathodes are of great importance for energy storage applications that require low cost and high energy density. A strategy to enhance the energy density of transition‐metal‐free‐cathode SMBs by transforming the electrolyte from a dead mass to an energy‐storage contributor is reported. NaI is used for the partial substitution of NaClO4 in the electrolyte and thus provides the additional electrochemistry of I3−/I− redox couple to enhance battery performance. Graphene oxide (GO) encapsulated mesoporous (10 nm) carbon spheres (N‐MCS@GO) that are nitrogen‐doped (15.71 at%) are fabricated as the cathode for the I3−/I− redox enhanced SMBs. It is experimentally demonstrated that: the mesoporous structure increases the capacitive energy storage by providing a substantial interface that enhances the electrochemistry of I3−/I− redox couples; and encapsulation of the mesoporous carbon spheres with GO suppresses self‐discharge and increases Coulombic efficiencies from 70.4% to 91.9%. In full‐cell configuration, N‐MCS@GO working with the NaI‐activated electrolyte can deliver a capacity of 279.6 mAh g−1 with an energy density of 459.2 Wh kg−1 in 0.5–3 V at 200 mA g−1. I3−/I− redox in the full cell maintains its activity without obvious decay after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1, highlighting the practical application of the I3−/I− redox enhanced SMBs.
A Stair‐Building Strategy for Tailoring Mechanical Behavior of Re‐Customizable Metamaterials
Authors: Lin Xin , Pan Fei , Yang Kang , Guan Juan , Ding Bin , Liu Yizhe , Yang Kuijian , Liu Bin , Chen Yuli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRe‐customizable mechanical behavior is critical for versatile materials with tunable functions and applications, but inverse design for varying targets is often hindered by complex coupling between structural topologies and mechanics. In this work, a novel “stair‐building” strategy for customizing as well as re‐customizing target mechanical behavior for mechanical metamaterials is proposed. Similar to building a stair with bricks, customizing or re‐customizing a target stress–strain (force–displacement) curve for the material can be realized by stacking the brick‐like loading curves of bistable units visually. The mechanical feasibility of the “stair‐building” strategy is firstly physically realized in a type of array‐structured multistable mechanical metamaterial and then carefully verified by theoretical mechanics analysis. Accordingly, three specific simple design schemes are further proposed for implementation. The “stair‐building” strategy is proved to be rapid, effective, and accurate for mechanical behavior customization by both experiments and finite element simulations. Moreover, re‐customization for diverse mechanical behaviors in a wide range can be realized by the same piece of metamaterial. This design strategy provides a novel approach for tailoring metamaterials with re‐customizable target mechanical behaviors and applies to a variety of bistable units.
Cu/Cu2O Interconnected Porous Aerogel Catalyst for Highly Productive Electrosynthesis of Ethanol from CO2
Authors: Kim Chansol , Cho Kyeong Min , Park Kangho , Kim Ju Ye , Yun Geun‐Tae , Toma Francesca M. , Gereige Issam , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUse of Cu and Cu+ is one of the most promising approaches for the production of C2 products by the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) because it can facilitate CO2 activation and CC dimerization. However, the selective electrosynthesis of C2+ products on Cu0Cu+ interfaces is critically limited due to the low electrocatalytic production of ethanol relative to ethylene. In this study, a novel porous Cu/Cu2O aerogel network is introduced to afford high ethanol productivity by the electrocatalytic CO2RR. The aerogel is synthesized by a simple chemical redox reaction of a precursor and a reducing agent. CO2RR results reveal that the Cu/Cu2O aerogel produces ethanol as the major product, exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency (FEEtOH) of 41.2% and a partial current density (JEtOH) of 32.55 mA cm−2 in an H‐cell reactor. This is the best electrosynthesis performance for ethanol production reported thus far. Electron microscopy and electrochemical analysis results reveal that this dramatic increase in the electrosynthesis performance for ethanol can be attributed to a large number of Cu0Cu+ interfaces and an increase of the local pH in the confined porous aerogel network structure with a high‐surface‐area.
Defect Dominated Hierarchical Ti‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks via a Linker Competitive Coordination Strategy for Toluene Removal
Authors: Jin Jie , Li Ping , Chun Do Hyung , Jin Bingjun , Zhang Kan , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConstructing a hierarchically porous structure in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can improve the accessibility of active sites and facilitate mass diffusion to enhance their adsorption and catalytic efficiency. Here, a novel linker competitive coordination strategy based on the electronegativity difference of two kinds of organic linkers is proposed to tailor the porous structure of Ti‐MOF (MIL‐125). A series of Ti‐MOFs with continuously tunable hierarchical porosity is obtained by simply adjusting the molar ratios of two organic linkers. The demonstration of toluene removal shows that the competitive coordination strategy not only contributes to wide pore size distribution to enhance the adsorption performance of toluene, but also endows good charge separation ability to facilitate photocatalytic performance. Finally, the toluene removal efficiency of optimal Ti‐MOF with mixed organic linkers of 1:1 molar ratio is 2.14 times and 1.88 times of the pristine MIL‐125 and MIL‐125(NH2), respectively. This strategy opens a new prospect to optimize Ti‐MOF properties for various heterogeneous catalysis applications.
HCl‐Based Hydrothermal Etching Strategy toward Fluoride‐Free MXenes
Authors: Wang Changda , Shou Hongwei , Chen Shuangming , Wei Shiqiang , Lin Yunxiang , Zhang Pengjun , Liu Zhanfeng , Zhu Kefu , Guo Xin , Wu Xiaojun , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Song Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to their ultrathin layered structure and rich elemental variety, MXenes are emerging as a promising electrode candidate in energy generation and storage. MXenes are generally synthesized via hazardous fluoride‐containing reagents from robust MAX materials, unfortunately resulting in plenty of inert fluoride functional groups on the surface that noticeably decline their performance. Density functional theory calculations are used to show the etching feasibility of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on various MAX phases. Based on this theoretical guidance, fluoride‐free Mo2C MXenes with high efficiency about 98% are experimentally demonstrated. The Mo2C electrodes produced by this process exhibit high electrochemical performance in supercapacitors and sodium‐ion batteries owing to the chosen surface functional groups created via the HCl etch process. This strategy enables the development of fluoride‐free MXenes and opens a new window to explore their potential in energy‐storage applications.
Behavioral and cognitive functioning in individuals with Cantú syndrome
Authors: Roessler Helen I. , van der Heuvel Lieke M. , Shields Kathleen , Guilliams Kristin P. , Knoers Nine V. A. M. , van Haaften Gijs , Grange Dorothy K. , van Haelst Mieke M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCantú syndrome (CS) is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8 encoding the regulatory and pore‐forming subunits of ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. CS is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, distinctive facial features, peripheral edema, and cardiac and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Behavioral and cognitive issues have been self‐reported by some CS individuals, but results of formal standardized investigations have not been published. To assess the cognitive profile, social functioning, and psychiatric symptoms in a large group of CS subjects systematically in a cross‐sectional manner, we invited 35 individuals (1–69 years) with confirmed ABCC9 variants and their relatives to complete various commonly applied standardized age‐related questionnaires, including the Kaufman brief intelligence test 2, the social responsiveness scale‐2, and the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment. The majority of CS individuals demonstrated average verbal and nonverbal intelligence compared to the general population. Fifteen percent of cases showed social functioning strongly associated with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Both externalizing and internalizing problems were also present in this cohort. In particular, anxiety, anxiety or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum behaviors were predominantly observed in the younger subjects in the cohort (≥25%), but this percentage decreased markedly in adults.
Novel findings and expansion of phenotype in a mosaic RASopathy caused by somatic KRAS variants
Authors: Chang Caitlin A. , Perrier Renee , Kurek Kyle C. , Estrada‐Veras Juvianee , Lehman Anna , Yip Stephen , Hendson Glenda , Diamond Carol , Pinchot Jason W. , Tran Jennifer M. , Arkin Lisa M. , Drolet Beth A. , Napier Melanie P. , O'Neill Sarah A. , Balci Tugce B. , Keppler‐Noreuil Kim M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMosaic KRAS variants and other RASopathy genes cause oculoectodermal, encephalo‐cranio‐cutaneous lipomatosis, and Schimmelpenning‐Feuerstein‐Mims syndromes, and a spectrum of vascular malformations, overgrowth and other associated anomalies, the latter of which are only recently being characterized. We describe eight individuals in total (six unreported cases and two previously reported cases) with somatic KRAS variants and variably associated features. Given the findings of somatic overgrowth (in seven individuals) and vascular or lymphatic malformations (in eight individuals), we suggest mosaic RASopathies (mosaic KRAS variants) be considered in the differential diagnosis for individuals presenting with asymmetric overgrowth and lymphatic or vascular anomalies. We expand the association with embryonal tumors, including the third report of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, as well as novel findings of Wilms tumor and nephroblastomatosis in two individuals. Rare or novel findings in our series include the presence of epilepsy, polycystic kidneys, and T‐cell deficiency in one individual, and multifocal lytic bone lesions in two individuals. Finally, we describe the first use of targeted therapy with a MEK inhibitor for an individual with a mosaic KRAS variant. The purposes of this report are to expand the phenotypic spectrum of mosaic KRAS‐related disorders, and to propose possible mechanisms of pathogenesis, and surveillance of its associated findings.
Community service sector resilience and responsiveness during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The Australian experience
Authors: Coram Veronica , Louth Jonathon , Tually Selina , Goodwin‐Smith Ian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a public health, economic and social crisis that is likely to have lasting consequences, including increased rates of financial hardship, housing insecurity, mental health problems, substance abuse and domestic violence. Workers in the community service sector have continued to support some of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged Australians during the pandemic, while also delivering services to new groups experiencing the economic impacts of virus suppression strategies. We surveyed community service sector workers from across Australia in three snapshots during April–May 2020 and found that perceptions of acute needs and organisational pressure points shifted even through this short period. While the sector faced significant challenges, it responded to the initial phase of the pandemic with flexibility, a strongly client‐centred approach and a re‐emphasis on collaboration between services. The community service sector's demonstrated capacity for agility and rapid adaptation suggests it is well placed to provide critical supports to those affected by crisis situations and everyday disadvantage. However, the sector's capacity to perform this role effectively depends on strong, stable government supports for all Australians in need.
Prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jäkel Lieke , De Kort Anna M. , Klijn Catharina J.M. , Schreuder Floris H.B.M. , Verbeek Marcel M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReported prevalence estimates of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) vary widely. CAA is associated with cognitive dysfunction and intracerebral hemorrhage, and linked to immunotherapy‐related side‐effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given ongoing efforts to develop AD immunotherapy, accurate estimates of CAA prevalence are important. CAA can be diagnosed neuropathologically or during life using MRI markers including strictly lobar microbleeds. In this meta‐analysis of 170 studies including over 73,000 subjects, we show that in patients with AD, CAA prevalence based on pathology (48%) is twice that based on presence of strictly lobar cerebral microbleeds (22%); in the general population this difference is three‐fold (23% vs 7%). Both methods yield similar estimated prevalences of CAA in cognitively normal elderly (5% to 7%), in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (19% to 24%), and in patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (50% to 57%). However, we observed large heterogeneity among neuropathology and MRI protocols, which calls for standardized assessment and reporting of CAA.
Patterns of tau pathology identified with 18F‐MK‐6240 PET imaging
Authors: Kreisl William Charles , Lao Patrick J. , Johnson Aubrey , Tomljanovic Zeljko , Klein Julia , Polly Krista , Maas Benjamin , Laing Krystal K. , Chesebro Anthony G. , Igwe Kay , Razlighi Qolamreza R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Yan Xinyu , Lee Seonjoo , Mintz Akiva , Luchsinger José A. , Stern Yaakov , Devanand D. P. , Brickman Adam M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging for neurofibrillary tau allows investigation of the in vivo spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We evaluated the suitability of 18F‐MK‐6240 in a clinical sample and determined the relationships among 18F‐MK‐6240 binding, age, cognition, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐based AD biomarkers.MethodsParticipants (n = 101, 72 ± 9 years, 52% women) underwent amyloid PET, tau PET, structural T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychological evaluation. Twenty‐one participants had lumbar puncture for CSF measurement of amyloid beta (Aβ)42, tau, and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau).Results18F‐MK‐6240 recapitulated Braak staging and correlated with CSF tau and p‐tau, normalized to Aβ42. 18F‐MK‐6240 negatively correlated with age across Braak regions in amyloid‐positive participants, consistent with greater tau pathology in earlier onset AD. Domain‐specific, regional patterns of 18F‐MK‐6240 binding were associated with reduced memory, executive, and language performance, but only in amyloid‐positive participants.Discussion18F‐MK‐6240 can approximate Braak staging across the AD continuum and provide region‐dependent insights into biomarker‐based AD models.
Mitochondrial ROS control neuronal excitability and cell fate in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Esteras Noemí , Kopach Olga , Maiolino Marta , Lariccia Vincenzo , Amoroso Salvatore , Qamar Seema , Wray Selina , Rusakov Dmitri A. , Jaganjac Morana , Abramov Andrey Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe second most common form of early‐onset dementia—frontotemporal dementia (FTD)—is often characterized by the aggregation of the microtubule‐associated protein tau. Here we studied the mechanism of tau‐induced neuronal dysfunction in neurons with the FTD‐related 10+16 MAPT mutation.MethodsLive imaging, electrophysiology, and redox proteomics were used in 10+16 induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons and a model of tau spreading in primary cultures.ResultsOverproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 10+16 neurons alters the trafficking of specific glutamate receptor subunits via redox regulation. Increased surface expression of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors containing GluA1 and NR2B subunits leads to impaired glutamatergic signaling, calcium overload, and excitotoxicity. Mitochondrial antioxidants restore the altered response and prevent neuronal death. Importantly, extracellular 4R tau induces the same pathological response in healthy neurons, thus proposing a mechanism for disease propagation.DiscussionThese results demonstrate mitochondrial ROS modulate glutamatergic signaling in FTD, and suggest a new therapeutic strategy.