bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical model of solar thermoelectric generator for heat and power generation
Authors: Abu Bakar R , Singh B S Bhathal , Remeli M F , Ong K S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Solar energy can be harnessed to produce thermal and electrical energy. With regard to this, Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is a well-known solar technology that is used to convert from solar energy to electrical energy. Nevertheless, Solar PV efficiency drops as the solar PV panel temperature increases. Another way to generate electricity from the solar energy is to use Solar Thermoelectric Generator (STEG). STEG is a hybrid technology between solar thermal collector and Thermoelectric Generator (TEG). A main advantage of STEG is it can produce thermal and electrical energy simultaneously. In this study, a theoretical model was developed to predict the STEG output and performance. An STEG model which consists of an Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe Solar Collector (ETHPSC), four water cooling jackets and four TEGs, was set up in this study. In order to determine whether the theoretical model is accurate enough for the prediction, a comparison was carried out between the theoretical and experimental data. Based on the result, the comparison provides a good correlation between the former and the latter and the highest error obtained is less than 20%.
Evaluation of selected herbs for biocontrol of Rice Blast Disease
Authors: Nabila Nur Hidayatur , Ramli Neni Kartini Che Mohd , Yunus Nor Yuziah , Md Latip Siti Noor Hajjar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is the most destructive disease of rice worldwide. It kills seedlings or plants up to the tillering stage. The most common practice controlling method is using chemical fungicide, however there are several negative impact of using synthetic chemicals to the human consumption as well as to the environment. In order to solve this problem, this study was conducted to find other alternative methods to control blast disease by using plant extracts from family Zingiberaceae which are Alpinia galangal, Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale. Screening for antifungal activities of these plant extracts were done in vitro on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). After 7 days of treatment, result showed that crude extracts of Alpinia galangal hexane crude extract exhibited strong inhibitory against Pyricularia oryzae with the highest percentage of inhibition 52.9%, followed by Curcuma longa hexane crude extract with 49.1% and Zingiber officinale methanol crude extract with 43.5% inhibition. The antifungal activities may be due to the presence of some chemical compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, gylcosides, flavonoids and terpenes that been proved thru phytochemical test. However, further trial such as field trial is necessary to be done to evaluate the effectiveness of these extracts to control rice blast disease under field condition.
Structural and electronic properties of nickel doped cobalt oxide electrode for supercapacitors: A first principle study
Authors: Zaki N H M , Ali A M M , Yaakob M K , Taib M F M , Hassan O H , Lepit A. , Yahya M Z A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
On the basis of ab initio calculation, we reported the structural and electronic properties of the nickel (Ni) substitution on the cobalt oxide (Co3O4) to produce nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) using generalized gradient approximation + U parameter (GGA + U) calculation method. The spinel NiCo2O4 with half-metallic behaviour has a relatively small band gap ∼0.64eV which is spotted decreased from pure Co3O4 band gap 1.26eV. This is due to nickel doping decreased the band gap which also implies that an increase in electrical conductivity. Owing to good electrical conductivity, NiCo2O4 thus enables to be considered for application in supercapacitor. Analysis of the partial density of states (PDOS) shows the differences contributions of cobalt (Co) at the tetrahedral site (Td) and Ni at the conduction bands: Co(Td) ions not affected the majority spin which is in contrast with Ni ions.
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors for Trace Organic Contaminants with Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Wang Yiding 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in water environment such as pesticides, personal care products (PPCPs), and industrial materials have the characteristics including low concentration, wide distribution range, stable chemical structure. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is a new biological treatment method. The device combines the advantages of membrane filtration technology and biological treatment process. What the performance of AnMBR for TrOCs removal should be noticed. Some research is focusing on this question, and most of research found that AnMBR has shown great promises in the application of the removal of TrOCs in wastewater treatment. This paper briefly overviews recent processes of different types of AnMBR for the removal of different types of TrOCs with the influence of kinds of factors such as temperature, salinity etc. We mainly discussed the construction of AnMBR, the classification of TrOCs, and the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), the removal efficiency of TrOCs, and the biogas production. For the types of AnMBRs, the removal efficiency of COD and TrOCs and biogas production are excellent. Also, the removal efficiency of TrOCs is very related to the types of the contaminants. AnMBR is not only a practical choice for TrOCs removal, but also a good choice for following sustainable development because of the good biogas production. In addition, challenges of the future research are discussed also at the end of this review to give other researchers new perspectives and ideas.
Optimization of Var-Voltage Regulation Control Strategy for Grid-Connected Inverter of Photovoltaic Power
Authors: Mu Cuo , Yan Mei , Quanlin Tao , Ling Zhu , Wenli Lin , Han Wang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the continuous increase of installed capacity of large photovoltaic power stations, the light intensity and temperature changes of photovoltaic power generation units themselves will cause grid-connected voltage fluctuation or even beyond the limit, so large photovoltaic power stations must participate in voltage regulation control. To solve this problem, the voltage distribution characteristics of the photovoltaic power station are firstly analyzed quantitatively, and the analysis shows the voltages at the photovoltaic inverter buses are relevant with the impedance of the collecting lines, the voltage at the PCC point, the location of the photovoltaic unit, and the output power of the photovoltaic unit. Furthermore, our work proposes the reactive power distribution strategy and voltage control strategy of photovoltaic power station based on particle swarm algorithm, and the correctness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation, so as to ensure the rationality of the voltage control target of each photovoltaic inverters while taking into account the voltage of each photovoltaic unit.
A Comparative Study on Nitrate Contents in Vegetables between Northern Part of China and the Watershed of Lake Tega in Japan
Authors: Liu Huan , Huang Guangwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Humankind is continuously exposed to nitrate through water and food. Excessive intake of nitrate could lead to health problems. Among the food products consumed by human beings, both fresh and processed vegetables are the major source of dietary nitrate intake. In this study, investigations on nitrate contents in vegetables are conducted in the northern part of China and the watershed of Lake Tega in Japan. Four groups of vegetables, leafy, brassica, root and tuber, and fruiting, were sampled for testing. The study focuses on the differences of the nitrate distributions in various crops. As a developed country, Japan has a much stricter regulation on the utilization of nitrogen in fertilizers, with a recommended yield goal N rate of 250 kg/ha/year. Whereas in China, the recommended N rate is 450 kg/ha/year. Meanwhile, the watershed of Lake Tega in Japan has an average annual precipitation of 1348 mm, which is much higher than the Northern part of China. High concentration of nitrate was found in vegetables grown in both Northern China and the watershed of Lake Tega, although the social and environmental conditions are drastically different in these two regions.
Flood Risk Assessment in Small Watershed Based on Catastrophe Theory
Authors: Lv Yangzhi , Liu Shuguang , Zhong Guihui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Flood system is a complex system affected by many control factors and has typical system characteristics, such as irreversibility, fuzzy characteristics, gray characteristics, etc. Catastrophe theory is a well developed singularity theory, which has been initially applied in some leaping disaster systems. However, in the field of flood risk management, the application of catastrophe theory is relatively few. In this paper, a small watershed in the mountainous area of southwest China is taken for an example. The catastrophe assessment theory is adopted to conduct flood risk assessment. By analyzing the characteristics of the flood system and selecting flood risk factors, the flood risk assessment index system is established and the catastrophe theory flood risk assessment model is conducted, thus conducting flood risk zoning and management according to the assessment result, which provides a new reliable method for flood risk assessment and offers foundation for disaster reduction department.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Microbend River with Vegetation on the Slope
Authors: Yuan Y , Zhao J Q , Xie W , Luo P A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The flow pattern of the water with vegetation is complex. For the micro-bend channel which has compound cross-sections and has vegetation on the slope, the situation is more complex. This paper measures and analyses the hydraulic characteristics of the micro-bend channel with trapezoidal cross-sections and with vegetation on the slope,by using the ACM2-RS electromagnetic flow meter. The influence of vegetation structure changes on the hydraulic characteristics are further analysed, which includes flow velocity distribution, turbulence intensity and channel roughness. Studies have shown that, with the decrease of the rigidity of vegetation density, the sinuosity of the hydrodynamic axis increases, the longitudinal velocity of each section in the main channel has an obvious trend of decrease. Besides, the longitudinal and lateral turbulence intensity keeps constant in the main channel, have obvious decreasing trends on the slopes. In addition, river manning roughness coefficient increases with the increase of rigid vegetation density.
Simulation and Optimization of Machining Time During Milling AISI P20 Steel
Authors: Sumbodo W , Kriswanto  , Jamari J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a simulation and optimization of machining time during milling of AISI P20 steel using the Taguchi method. The simulation was conducted using the L9 orthogonal array on a Swansoft CNC Simulation with the Fanuc OiM operating system. Milling simulations provide faster time and lower cost of getting machining time data compared to experiments on actual machines. The cutting tool uses a 12mm flat endmill and 4 number of flutes. Machining simulation parameters on surface finishing are speed, feed rate, and width of cut (WoC), while the depth of cut remains. NC programs, according to zigzag, paralel spiral, and constant overlap spiral toolpath strategies. The parameters of speed and feed rate have been calculated based on WoC values (5%, 10%, and 20%) of the AISI P20 steel material. The lowest machining time from each toolpath strategy is generated from WoC 20%, 3032 RPM speed, and 2286 mm min−1 feed rate. Setting these parameters on the three toolpaths simulated gets the lowest machining time. The toolpath strategies that provide the lowest machining time are the constant overlap spiral namely 1.62 min or 1 min 37 seconds. ANOVA analysis on various toolpaths found that the WoC and feed rate were significant factors (P less than 5%) affecting machining time, while the speed factor exceeded P probability (5%). The calculation of the S/N Ratio on various toolpath strategies shows that the width of cut is ranked 1, feed rate as ranked 2, and speed is ranked 3 affected the machining time.
Optimization of milling parameters to increase surface quality and machining time of the bohler m303 extra
Authors: Kriswanto  , Sumbodo W , Aryadi W , Jamari J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bohler M303 Extra is a material commonly used in plastic injection molds. Improving the surface quality of molded products through the CNC process can reduce production costs by eliminating the polishing and finishing process. Reduction of production costs can also be achieved by decreasing machining time. This paper deals with surface quality optimization and machining time optimization from a variety of toolpath strategies, feed rates, and depth of cut. The machine parameters experiments were based on the L9 orthogonal array of taguchi method. The NC program was generated from the MasterCAM® software and experiments using a Sinumeric 802S/C CNC milling machine. The tool used was Carbide End Mill with TiAlN Coat 12 mm in diameter, with a total of 4 Flutes. The ANOVA results show that the parameters of the toolapth strategy, feed rate, and depth of cut do not have a significant effect on surface quality, but the feed rate parameters have a significant effect on the value of machining time. The result of the S/N ratio calculation places the toolpath strategies parameter as the 1st rank which affects the surface quality while the feed rate parameter is the 1st rank which affects the machining time. The calculation of the s/n ratio also shows that the lower the feed rate value is, the better the surface quality, but the greater the machining time value. Machine parameter setting that gets the optimum surface quality is not the one that produces the lowest or highest machining time values.
The effectiveness of disinfectant spraying based on drone technology
Authors: Andrasto T , Arief U M , Subiyanto  , Sukamta S , Sulistyawan V N , Sarwono E , Alfian A A , Wicaksono P , Amelia P N , Putra A D H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The disinfectant spraying activity includes a part of efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Spraying is usually done by manual method. This condition results in uneven spraying and it takes a long time. So, automatic disinfectant sprayers is the way to resolve this problem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of disinfectant spray devices based on drones. The application of automation is obtained from the use of drone technology and testing the spraying in interval time. This research is conducted by using a drone design study method and field testing. The design of the drone as a spray tool is based on the basic assembled X6 tarot framework. The drone that will be used later can lift up to 6 kg as a maximum weight. The design stage begins by conducting a literature study of the type of control use. Control settings are made by calibrating the device to the drone’s load to obtain the maximum movement. The use of drones for spraying disinfectant liquid is done by taking off using the flying mode automatically regulated through the Mission Planner software. The results showed that the prototype drone uses a 6-liter tank capacity with a flight time of 6-8. In this case, the use of drones as disinfectant sprayers can facilitate spraying activities and cut down on application time.
Techno-economic analysis of stand-alone PV system: a case study of public street lighting for remote area in Indonesia
Authors: Ajiwiguna T A , Qurthobi A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stand-alone Photovoltaic (PV) system is mostly required for the remote areas where the electricity is limited or not available from the grid. This study presents the simplified method to design system and analyse the economic aspect of the stand-alone PV system. The case study of providing electricity for public street lighting using PV system for remote area in Indonesia was conducted. First, the size of PV system was estimated based on the daily electricity consumption and the peak solar hour (PSH) on the site location of the project, so the requirements of the components were obtained. Second, the components selection was performed by surveying the information from the components manufacturers which met with the requirement of the system. Third, economic analysis was performed by considering the capital cost and the final specific energy electric cost. The public street lighting used 80 W lamp and was operated for 12 hours per day. The result showed that the total capital cost for the system was 8,031,400 IDR (551 USD) and the final specific energy cost at 1,960 IDR/kWh (0.13 USD/kWh). The largest portion of capital cost was for the battery as energy storage which took 38% of the total capital cost.
Comparison of CFL lights and led lights reviewed from the side of the price, strong light and heat caused
Authors: Hudallah N , Isdiyarto  , Sukamta S , Nashiroh P K , Harlanu M , Purbawanto S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electrical energy has become a major requirement in supporting daily activities. The use of electricity in the community is increasing, while the supply of electrical energy is limited. Natural resources in the form of petroleum, coal as the main raw material in producing electrical energy are running low. Therefore, it is necessary to think of alternative solutions to save the use of electrical energy and one solution that can be done is to conserve energy. Energy conservation can be done in various ways, one of which is to use energy efficiently following needs. Electric lights are one of the objects being studied in the conservation of electrical energy. This study aims to examine the energy conservation in the use of electrical energy for lighting needs, namely the efficiency of CFL lamps (Compact Fluorescent Lamp), and LED lamps (Light Emitting Diodes) in terms of price, electricity consumption, and environmental heat generated. The research methodology used is an experiment by selecting and treating the lamp that is the object of research. The choice is based on the price of the lamp and the treatment that is done includes the provision of electric voltage and measured lighting intensity and the resulting ambient temperature. The results of the study are 1). the average price of CFL lamps is cheaper than LED lights. 2). strong lighting produced by the LED lights is greater (6.92 Lux/Watt) compared to CFL lamps (1.003 Lux/Watt) and 3). Environmental heat by CFL lamps is higher (35.4 0C) than LED lights (33.0 0C) and 4). Based on overall variables: price, lighting strength, and lamp temperature, LED lights are superior, especially on the resulting lighting strength. For conservation purposes, select the type of lamp according to the allotment of space and the value of the importance of space. If the consideration is lower prices, choose CFL lamps, but if the consideration is stronger, bigger lighting, choose LED lights.
UniNeuro-HUDMOGA for advancing constrained optimization in double inverted pendulum
Authors: Al-Janan D H , Liu T-K , Hsueh P-W , Chang H-c , Widodo R D , Rusiyanto  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims for optimizing Double Inverted Pendulum (DIP) for swing then standing up within the stipulated time, and then can be stable even with any noise outside. The differences character outputs were applied to assess the robustness of proposed algorithm. This problem is worthy to examining, because in the controlling field, the stable position need in the matter of time; so then, the faster is the better sometime not necessary even dangerous. For example in comfortably of car’s suspension controlling system, the smoother suspension does not mean the faster stability, unless the comfortably never occurs. The difficulty is happened due to unknown model to optimize; it becomes the more complexity problem. In the real problem, even the model sometime cannot represent the whole of controlling system, especially in the controlling system. Facing the problem above, this study was succeeding for solving the problem via Uniform Design (UD) NeuralNetwork-Hybrid Multi Objectives Uniform Design Genetic Algorithm (UniNeuro-HUDMOGA). This proposed algorithm begins with 40 experiments designed by Uniform Design for generating predicting model (metamodel). Then, the metamodel is using for cost function in Hybrid UD Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (HUDMOGA) within UD, Pareto filtering and Euclidean distance together applies for enhancing the searching GA performance for search the best setting. Finally, the input setting recommendation is confirming using DIP equipment. As the result, the DIP can be controlled as correlated with the specification set. These results prove that the proposed algorithm can be applied to control a complex system that requires multi objectives.
Exergy analysis of renewable energy power plant with organic rankine cycle for regions outside Java Island
Authors: Rosyid H A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Considering the increase in national electricity demand by an average of 6% per year, especially for areas outside of Java that are far from the electricity grid, to meet the electricity needs generally use expensive Diesel Power Plants or small-scale steam power plants with low efficiency. On the other hand, outside of Java has the potential of abundant biomass and waste, which includes biomass from forest waste, plantations of more than 100,000,000 tons used as electrical energy will obtain greater than 1,000Mwe. The potential of this electrical energy will be able to support national energy supply especially in outside Java regions. while at present the performance of conventional steam power plant-small capacity below 5 Mw which has been installed. At this time the efficiency is still low at around 20%. So, we need an electric biomass fuel technology power plant that has better performance. In this analysis, it is proposed that an alternative solution is to use an Organic Rankine cycle-ORC power plant that uses organic working fluids that have lower evaporation temperatures than water. By using this ORC plant that uses n-Pentane as its organic working fluid, it is estimated that the efficiency can be greater than 25%, and environmentally more friendly.
Anhydrous tert-butanol production via extractive distillation using glycerol as an entrainer: technical performances simulation
Authors: Hartanto D , Fardhyanti D S , Laela N , Wulansarie R , Harianingsih  , Imani N A C , Chafidz A , Kusumaningtyas R D , Khoiroh I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
tert-Butanol is widely used as a main solvent in the industries. The high purity of tert-butanol is required to fulfil the industrial standard for the solvent. Unfortunately, tert-butanol separation from water required a special distillation named extractive distillation due to the azeotropic point in the mixture. Thus, entrainer as a third component should be used to break the azeotropic point. Glycerol is one of the potential green entrainer used in the extractive distillation. The simulation of the extractive distillation using glycerol as entrainer for the separation of tert-butanol/water mixture was conducted in this study. The Aspen Plus Process Simulator V.10 was used to simulate the feasibility of the glycerol as an entrainer and determine the optimum operating condition of the extractive distillation and recovery column in the anhydrous tert-butanol production. The results show that the optimum configuration for the extractive distillation column design consists of the number of stages of 25, binary feed stage of 21, entrainer feed stage of 3, reflux ratio of 0.6, mixed feed temperature of 25°C, and an entrainer feed temperature of 45°C. The condenser and reboiler duties are -1171.04 kW and 1744.48 kW, respectively. Moreover, the tert-butanol purity with this configuration can be achieved up to 0.996 of mole fraction.