bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of offering a third‐trimester routine ultrasound on pregnancy‐specific anxiety and mother‐to‐infant bonding in low‐risk women: A pragmatic cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Westerneng Myrte , de Jonge Ank , van Baar Anneloes L. , Witteveen Anke B. , Jellema Petra , Paarlberg K. Marieke , Rijnders Marlies , van der Horst Henriëtte E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThird‐trimester routine ultrasounds are increasingly offered to monitor fetal growth. In addition to limited evidence for its clinical effectiveness, little is known about its importance for pregnancy‐specific anxiety and mother‐to‐infant bonding.Methods1275 low‐risk women participated in a Dutch nationwide pragmatic cluster‐randomized trial and answered questionnaires on pregnancy‐specific anxiety (PRAQ‐R) and prenatal mother‐to‐infant bonding (MAAS) before and after a third‐trimester routine ultrasound was offered to the intervention group. Linear mixed model regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of offering a third‐trimester routine ultrasound on pregnancy‐specific anxiety and mother‐to‐infant bonding. In addition, we examined whether the effect depended on maternal background characteristics and level of satisfaction with the ultrasound procedure.ResultsWe found no effect of offering a third‐trimester routine ultrasound on pregnancy‐specific anxiety and mother‐to‐infant bonding. However, interaction analyses showed that women with high levels of depressive symptoms at baseline and women who were very satisfied with the ultrasound procedure benefited somewhat more from offering a third‐trimester routine ultrasound in terms of mother‐to‐infant bonding compared with women with low or no depressive symptoms, or less satisfied women.ConclusionsThe relationship between offering a third‐trimester routine ultrasound with pregnancy‐specific anxiety and mother‐to‐infant bonding is limited. A beneficial effect only applies to some subgroups of women. This implies that, in terms of psychological outcomes, there are no counterarguments to implementing a third‐trimester routine ultrasound. Strong evidence for offering all pregnant women a third‐trimester routine ultrasound for psychological reasons, however, is lacking.
Tumor suppressor miR‐193a‐3p enhances efficacy of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in BRAF‐mutated colorectal cancer
Authors: Hiraide Sakura , Takahashi Masanobu , Yoshida Yuya , Yamada Hideharu , Komine Keigo , Ishioka Chikashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients with BRAF‐mutated colorectal cancer (CRC) have a poor prognosis despite recent therapeutic advances such as combination therapy with BRAF, MEK, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that can improve the efficacy of BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (DAB) and MEK inhibitor trametinib (TRA), we screened 240 miRNAs in BRAF‐mutated CRC cells and identified five candidate miRNAs. Overexpression of miR‐193a‐3p, one of the five screened miRNAs, in CRC cells inhibited cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Reverse‐phase protein array analysis revealed that proteins with altered phosphorylation induced by miR‐193a‐3p were involved in several oncogenic pathways including MAPK‐related pathways. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‐193a‐3p in BRAF‐mutated cells enhanced the efficacy of DAB and TRA through inhibiting reactivation of MAPK signaling and inducing inhibition of Mcl1. Inhibition of Mcl1 by siRNA or by Mcl1 inhibitor increased the antiproliferative effect of combination therapy with DAB, TRA, and anti‐EGFR antibody cetuximab. Collectively, our study demonstrated the possibility that miR‐193a‐3p acts as a tumor suppressor through regulating multiple proteins involved in oncogenesis and affects cellular sensitivity to MAPK‐related pathway inhibitors such as BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, and/or anti‐EGFR antibodies. Addition of miR‐193a‐3p and/or modulation of proteins involved in the miR‐193a‐3p–mediated pathway, such as Mcl1, to EGFR/BRAF/MEK inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy against BRAF‐mutated CRC.
Current status of quinoxaline and quinoxaline 1,4‐di‐N‐oxides derivatives as potential antiparasitic agents
Authors: Soto‐Sánchez Jacqueline , Ospina‐Villa Juan David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParasitic diseases are a public health problem, especially in developing countries where millions of people are affected every year. Current treatments have several drawbacks: emerging resistance to the existing drugs, lack of efficacy, and toxic side effects. Therefore, new antiparasitic drugs are urgently needed to treat and control diseases that affect human health, such as malaria, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, amebiasis, giardiasis schistosomiasis, and filariasis, among others. Quinoxaline is a compound containing a benzene ring and a pyrazine ring. The oxidation of both pyrazine ring nitrogens allows the obtention of quinoxaline 1,4‐di‐N‐oxides (QdNOs) derivatives. By modifying the chemical structure of these compounds, it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biological properties. This review investigated the activity of quinoxaline derivatives and QdNOs against different protozoan parasites and helminths. We also cover the structure–activity relationship (SAR) and summarize the main findings related to their mechanisms of action from published works in recent years. However, further studies are needed to determine specific molecular targets. This review aims to highlight the new development of antiparasitic drugs with better pharmacological profiles than current treatments.
The Influence of Ethnic‐Racial Identity Developmental Processes on Global Bicultural Competence Development
Authors: Safa M. Dalal , White Rebecca M.B. , Knight George P. 
Published: July 2021

This study investigated ethnic‐racial identity (ERI) developmental processes (i.e., exploration and resolution) as pathways for adolescents to develop global bicultural competence, or the ability to meet heritage and host cultural demands. The sample included 749 U.S. Mexican‐origin youth (30% Mexico‐born; 51% male) followed from early‐to‐late adolescence (Mage = 12.79–17.38 years). Longitudinal structural equation analyses revealed that youth’s sequential engagement in ERI exploration and resolution (from early‐to‐middle adolescence) promoted global bicultural competence in late adolescence. The findings highlight the benefits of achieving clarity about one’s ERI via self‐exploration efforts for adolescents’ ability to respond effectively to bicultural demands. This study advances mechanisms via which ERI development may support youth adaptation to multiple cultural systems.
Cardiac transplantation in adults with congenital heart disease: A single center case series
Authors: Heid Christopher A. , Chandra Raghav , Liu Charles , Pruszynski Jessica , Khoury Mitri K. , Vela Ryan , Zeng Xue , Maaraoui Kayla , Kalsbeek Anya , Ring W. Steves , Amin Alpesh , Murala John , Peltz Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdult congenital heart disease (CHD) transplant recipients historically experienced worse survival early after transplantation. We aim to review updated trends in adult CHD transplantation.MethodsWe performed a single center case series of adult cardiac transplants from January 2013 through July 2020. Outcomes of patients with CHD were compared to non‐CHD. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included a variety of post‐operative complications.Results18/262 (7%) transplants were CHD recipients. CHD patients were younger with median age 41 (32—47) versus 58 (48–65) (P < .001). Fontan circulation for single ventricle physiology was present in 4/18 (22%) of CHD recipients, while 16/18 (89%) had systemic right ventricles. CHD recipients had higher rates of previous cardiovascular operations (94% vs. 51%, P < .001). 9/18 (50%) of CHD patients required reconstructive procedures at the time of transplant. Operative and cardiopulmonary bypass times were longer for the CHD cohort (7.5 h [6.6–8.5] vs. 5.6 h [4.6–7] P < .001) and (197 min [158–240] vs. 130 [105–167] P < .001), respectively. There were no differences in operative complications or survival between CHD and non‐CHD recipients.ConclusionsThese data highlight the added technical challenges of performing adult CHD transplants. However, similar outcomes can be achieved as for non‐CHD recipients.SummaryModern advances in palliation of congenital heart defects (CHD) has led to increased survival into adulthood. Many of these patients require heart transplantation as adults. There are limited data on adult CHD transplantation. Historically, these patients have had worse perioperative outcomes with improved long‐term survival. We retrospectively analyzed 262 heart transplants at a single center, 18 of which were for adult CHD. Here, we report our series of 18 CHD recipients. We detail the palliative history of all CHD patients and highlight the added technical challenges for each of the 18 patients at transplant. In our analysis, CHD patients had more prior cardiovascular surgeries as well as longer transplant operative and bypass times. Despite this, there were no differences in perioperative and long‐term outcomes. We have added patient and institution specific data for transplanting patients with adult CHD. We hope that our experience will add to the growing body of literature on adult CHD transplantation.
Banting Memorial Lecture 2021—Banting, banting, banter and bravado: Convictions meet evidence in the scientific process
Authors: Lean Michael E. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis personal account presents some glimpses into the clinical research processes which have made radical changes to our understanding of disease and treatment, and some characteristics of researchers, drawn from history and personal experiences around obesity and type 2 diabetes. Some summary messages emerge: The history of clinical diabetes research has shown how, perhaps through skilful leadership, combining very different personalities, skills and motivation can solve great challenges: Type 2 diabetes is a primary nutritional disease, secondary to the disease‐process of obesity, not a primary endocrine disease. Type 2 diabetes is a manifestation of the disease‐process of obesity, revealed by weight gain in people with underlying metabolic syndrome genetics/diathesis, mediated in large part at least by reversible ectopic fat accumulation impairing function of organs (liver, pancreas, brown adipose tissue). Treat overweight/obesity more seriously (defined as a disease‐process with multiple organ‐specific complications—not as a disease‐state or BMI cut‐off). Discuss the complications and risks of T2D openly: remission is as important as for cancers. Offer and support an optimal dietary weight management program as soon as possible from diagnosis, specifically aiming for remission: (a) Warn against non‐evidence‐based programs that look similar or claim to have similar potential: we have fully evidence‐based programs; (b) Target sustained loss of >15 kg for Europeans (possibly less, e.g. >10 kg for Asians?). Increase future research support to enhance long‐term weight loss maintenance. Several approaches need consideration: (a) Personalise diet compositions (recognising there is no intrinsic advantage from different carbohydrate/fat content). (b) Novel diet strategies (e.g. 5:2, time‐restricted, flexible diet compositions). (c) New pharmaceutical agents as adjuncts to diet if necessary. (d) Novel food supplements to increase endogenous GLP‐1 secretion.
Understanding the emergence of contingent and deterministic exclusion in multispecies communities
Authors: Song Chuliang , Uricchio Lawrence H. , Mordecai Erin A. , Saavedra Serguei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCompetitive exclusion can be classified as deterministic or as historically contingent. While competitive exclusion is common in nature, it has remained unclear when multispecies communities formed by more than two species should be dominated by deterministic or contingent exclusion. Here, we take a fully parameterised model of an empirical competitive system between invasive annual and native perennial plant species to explain both the emergence and sources of competitive exclusion in multispecies communities. Using a structural approach to understand the range of parameters promoting deterministic and contingent exclusions, we then find heuristic theoretical support for the following three general conclusions. First, we find that the life‐history of perennial species increases the probability of observing contingent exclusion by increasing their effective intrinsic growth rates. Second, we find that the probability of observing contingent exclusion increases with weaker intraspecific competition, and not with the level of hierarchical competition. Third, we find a shift from contingent exclusion to deterministic exclusion with increasing numbers of competing species. Our work provides a heuristic framework to increase our understanding about the predictability of species persistence within multispecies communities.
Diagnostic challenges in patients with temporal lobe seizures and features of autoimmune limbic encephalitis
Authors: Ismail Fatme Seval , Spatola Marianna , Woermann Friedrich G. , Popkirov Stoyan , Jungilligens Johannes , Bien Christian G. , Wellmer Jörg , Schlegel Uwe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeConsensus criteria for autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE) allow for a diagnosis even without neuronal antibodies (Abs), but it remains unclear which clinical features should prompt neuronal Ab screening in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. The aim of the study was to investigate whether patients with temporal lobe seizures associated with additional symptoms or signs of limbic involvement may harbor neuronal Abs, and which clinical features should prompt neuronal Ab screening in these patients.MethodsWe identified 47 patients from a tertiary epilepsy center with mediotemporal lobe seizures and additional features suggestive of limbic involvement, including either memory deficits, psychiatric symptoms, mediotemporal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hyperintensities or inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Neuronal Ab testing was carried out at two independent reference laboratories (Bielefeld‐Bethel, Germany, and Barcelona, Spain). All brain MRI scans were assessed by two reviewers independently.ResultsTemporal lobe seizures were accompanied by memory deficits in 35/46 (76%), psychiatric symptoms in 27/42 (64%), and both in 19/42 patients (45%). Limbic T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery signal hyperintensities were found in 26/46 patients (57%; unilateral: n = 22, bilateral: n = 4). Standard CSF studies were abnormal in 2/37 patients (5%). Neuronal Abs were confirmed in serum and/or CSF in 8/47 patients (17%) and were directed against neuronal cell‐surface targets (leucine‐rich glioma inactivated protein 1: n = 1, contactin‐associated protein‐2: n = 1, undetermined target: n = 3) or glutamic acid decarboxylase in its 65‐kD isoform (n = 3, all with high titers). Compared to Ab‐negative patients, those who harbored neuronal Abs were more likely to have uni‐ or bilateral mediotemporal MRI changes (8/8, 100% vs. 18/38, 47%; p = 0.01, Fisher's exact test).ConclusionsIn patients with temporal lobe seizures and additional limbic signs, 17% had neuronal Abs affirming ALE diagnosis. Mediotemporal MRI changes were found in all Ab‐positive cases and had a positive likelihood ratio of 2.11 (95% confidence interval 1.51–2.95).
Important constraints on soil organic carbon formation efficiency in subtropical and tropical grasslands
Authors: Mitchell Elaine , Scheer Clemens , Rowlings David , Cotrufo Francesca , Conant Richard T. , Grace Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMore than 10% of Australia's 49 M ha of grassland is considered degraded, prompting widespread interest in the management of these ecosystems to increase soil carbon (C) sequestration—with an emphasis on long‐lived C storage. We know that management practices that increase plant biomass also increase C inputs to the soil, but we lack a quantitative understanding of the fate of soil C inputs into different soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions that have fundamentally different formation pathways and persistence in the soil. Our understanding of the factors that constrain SOC formation in these fractions is also limited, particularly within tropical climates. We used isotopically labelled residue (13C) to determine the fate of residue C inputs into short‐lived particulate organic matter (POM) and more persistent mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM) across a broad climatic gradient (ΔMAT 10°C) with varying soil properties. Climate was the primary driver of aboveground residue mass loss which corresponded to higher residue‐derived POM formation. In contrast, MAOM formation efficiency was constrained by soil properties. The differential controls on POM and MAOM formation highlight that a targeted approach to grassland restoration is required; we must identify priority regions for improved grazing management in soils that have a relatively high silt+clay content and cation exchange capacity, with a low C saturation in the silt+clay fraction to deliver long‐term SOC sequestration.
The effect of resource abundance on Chinese urban green economic growth: A regional heterogeneity perspective
Authors: Tian Ying , Feng Chao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a slacks‐based global DEA for Chinese urban green economic growth (GECO) and a global Malmquist index for decomposing its changes into three components, technology change (GTEC), scale efficiency change (GSEC), and pure technical efficiency change (GPEC). On this basis, using China's 286 city‐level panel data for the period 2006–2018, this paper then analyses the key driving factors of GECO and the regional heterogeneous effects of resource abundance on GECO. Results show that: (a) during the sample period, the city‐level GECO of China remains at a low level. GTEC and GSEC promote GECO, but much of this growth effect is offset by a reduction in GPEC; (b) there is negative effect of resource abundance on Chinese urban GECO. Specifically, in eastern, central, and western cities, the negative effect on GECO by adversely affecting GSEC and GPEC, while in northeast cities, the main transmission is GTEC; (c) because the key factors which affect the decompositions show different characteristics from regional heterogeneity perspective, this paper takes further step to formulate specific strategies and effective implementation of policies for the improvement of GECO in China's city level.
Uncoupling protein 2 and dynamin‐related protein 1 mRNA expressions as genetic markers for plaque psoriasis
Authors: Shehata Wafaa A. , Hammam Mostafa A. , Enany Rasha S. , El‐Hefnawy Sally M. , Abdelsattar Shimaa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a long‐lasting, inflammatory disease of the skin with not fully understood pathogenesis. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) are the main mitochondrial regulatory proteins implicated in various inflammatory conditions. This work aimed to evaluate the role of UCP2 and Drp1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions in diagnosing plaque psoriasis and to correlate their expression levels with the available clinical data.MethodsTotal number of 210 subjects (105 plaque psoriasis patients and 105 healthy volunteers) was enrolled in the current study. Plasma UCP2 and Drp1 mRNA relative expressions were studied by real‐time polymerase chain reaction technique.ResultsA significant statistical decrease in the expression levels of the mitochondrial regulatory proteins UCP2 and Drp1 mRNA in plasma of patient group in comparison to control subjects (P < 0.001). UCP2 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with the onset of disease and scalp affection (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was the test used for verification of the accuracy of UCP2 and Drp1 mRNA expressions in identifying cases from healthy control subjects; UCP2 mRNA expression had a greater percent of accuracy (94%), sensitivity (97%), and specificity (87%) than Drp1 mRNA expression.ConclusionsAlthough UCP2 and Drp1 mRNA are downregulated in plasma of psoriatic patients, UCP2 could serve better as a promising marker for plaque psoriasis. Despite developments in the treatment of psoriasis, these results provide new insights in disease pathogenesis suggesting UCP2 may be a good target for treatment.
A simplified diagnostic pathway for the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease
Authors: Svenson Nicola , Bailey James , Durairaj Senthilkumar , Dempsey‐Hibbert Nina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionIron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) are common causes of anaemia with similar clinical and laboratory features. IDA is caused by low iron stores while ACD is due to iron‐restricted erythropoiesis occurring in inflammatory states. Differential diagnosis requires analysis of multiple biochemical and haematological parameters. IDA can occur simultaneously to ACD (mixed aetiology). It is essential that true iron deficiency is identified, as these patients will require iron therapy. This preliminary study investigated whether hepcidin, the master regulator of iron homeostasis, in conjunction with reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent (RetHe) has the potential to differentiate IDA from ACD, and to exclude IDA in patients with mixed aetiology.MethodsHepcidin concentration (measured using a commercially available ELISA method), RetHe, and iron parameters along with C‐reactive protein (CRP) were analysed in 77 Gastroenterology patients with anaemia in a secondary care setting.ResultsReceiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that hepcidin at an optimal cut‐off concentration of <6ng/ml could identify IDA with a sensitivity and specificity of 88.9% and 90.6% respectively and could distinguish ACD from IDA with both a sensitivity and specificity of 100% at a cut‐off of >46ng/ml. Identifying true IDA in mixed aetiology patients could be achieved by RetHe analysis and applying an optimal cut‐off of <30pg.ConclusionHepcidin, in conjunction with RetHe, offers a new simplified diagnostic pathway for differential diagnosis of IDA and ACD, thereby reducing the diagnostic turnaround time and allowing appropriate treatment of patients with a true iron deficiency.
Infants scan static and dynamic facial expressions differently
Authors: Prunty Jonathan E. , Keemink Jolie R. , Kelly David J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite being inherently dynamic phenomena, much of our understanding of how infants attend and scan facial expressions is based on static face stimuli. Here we investigate how six‐, nine‐, and twelve‐month infants allocate their visual attention toward dynamic‐interactive videos of the six basic emotional expressions, and compare their responses with static images of the same stimuli. We find infants show clear differences in how they attend and scan dynamic and static expressions, looking longer toward the dynamic‐face and lower‐face regions. Infants across all age groups show differential interest in expressions, and show precise scanning of regions “diagnostic” for emotion recognition. These data also indicate that infants' attention toward dynamic expressions develops over the first year of life, including relative increases in interest and scanning precision toward some negative facial expressions (e.g., anger, fear, and disgust).