bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic surgery for colorectal liver metastases resection: A systematic review
Authors: Rocca Aldo , Scacchi Andrea , Cappuccio Micaela , Avella Pasquale , Bugiantella Walter , De Rosa Michele , Costa Gianluca , Polistena Andrea , Codacci‐Pisanelli Massimo , Amato Bruno , Carbone Fabio , Ceccarelli Graziano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of robotic surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLMs) has never been investigated in large series.MethodsA systematic literature review was carried out on PubMed and Cochrane libraries.ResultsWe selected nine studies between 2008 and 2021. Two hundred sixty‐two patients were included. One hundred thirty‐one patients underwent simultaneous resections. The mean blood loss was 309.4 ml (range, 200‐450 ml), the mean operative time was 250.5 min (range, 198.5‐449.0 min). The mean length of hospital stay was 7.98 days (range, 4.5 to 12 days). The overall postoperative mortality was 0.4%. The overall morbidity rate was 37.0%, Clavien‐Dindo grade III‐IV complications were 8.4%. The mean 3‐year overall survival was 55.25% (range, 44.4‐66.1%), the mean 3‐year disease free survival was 37% (range, 33.3‐41.9%)ConclusionWe can conclude that robotic‐assisted surgery might be considered as a technical upgrade option for minimally invasive approach to CRCLM resections even for simultaneous operations and challenging cases.
Activation of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Carbon Supported Ni‐Based Complexes
Authors: Kharwar Yashwant P. , Gurusamy Tamilselvi , Mandal Sudip , Ramanujam Kothandaraman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are unremitting efforts towards developing an effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst as it is seminal for the commercially viable energy conversion and storage devices such as fuel cell and metal‐air batteries. In this study, three carbon‐supported Ni‐based coordination complexes; Ni‐phen/AC, Ni‐bpy/AC and Ni‐bimz/AC (where phen=1,10‐ phenanthroline, bpy=2, 2′‐bipyridine and bimz=benzimidazole) were explored for ORR. Among these, Ni‐bimz forms a 1D‐polymer chain via a succinate bridge, and these chains are stacked by the π‐π interactions and hydrogen bonding. The ORR potentials of these catalysts were studied using cyclic voltammetry technique with a rotating ring disk electrode system, and oxygen adsorption energies (Ead) onto these complexes were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The highest onset potential of 0.89 V vs. RHE was observed for Ni‐bimz/AC, whereas 0.88 V and 0.86 V vs. RHE for Ni‐phen/AC and Ni‐bpy/AC catalysts, respectively. The Ead value for O2 via side‐on and end‐on mode over Ni‐phen, Ni‐bpy, and Ni‐bimz complexes, were calculated. The highest negative Ead value of −25.53 eV via side‐on mode was observed for Ni‐bimz complex.
Self Assemblies of Poly(ether ether ketone) Block Copolymers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kumar Avneesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOriented and ordered domains in an unusual engineering homopolymer known as poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) are stimulated by attaching a phosphonated ionic segment to its both ends. Such orientation of polymer chains leads to the formation of nanoparticles in solution. The ordered domains contain the stacks of rigid polymer chains that result into the crystalline regions appearing in rather unusual manner. Here, the molecular motions and reorganization are reinforced by hydrogen bonds, and not by annealing. On a silicone surface i. e. a substitute for titanium in implants, these copolymer attach via ionic groups and consequently the molecular self assemblies get disrupted. The corresponding copolymer films show submicrometer sized roughness, and hence can improve adhesion significantly. The self assemblies induced and generated simultaneously contain functional groups and can bind to a metallic surface for biomedical applications e. g. bone implants. These block copolymers as bone or dental implants can be superior to the ones based on modified PEEKs where the degree of modification can be problematic and can compromise the properties of PEEK. In addition, tri‐block copolymers described here can be better alternatives for bone implants due to their cell adhesion efficiency via ionic groups and thermal stability including reasonable biocompatibility.
Monolayer Iridium Nanoparticles Coated TiO2 Core‐Shell Architecture as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Chen Jiaye , Jayabal Subramaniam , Geng Dongsheng , Hu Xun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReducing the noble metal loading of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers is a necessity for enabling their large‐scale deployment for hydrogen production. This work introduces a highly active and stable OER catalyst which is based on a core‐shell architecture by covering a monodispersed layer of iridium nanoparticles on the core of TiO2 using a one‐step polyol reduction method. The monolayer of iridium coating is substantiated by analyzing the accurate loading from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) combined with morphology/size from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the theoretical model of the most‐dense arrangement of iridium nanoparticles on TiO2 surface. The conductive network constructed by interconnected iridium nanoparticles on the surface together with full participation of iridium atoms in the catalytic reaction benefitting from the less than 2 nm size and monolayer adsorption of iridium nanoparticles endow the catalyst with extremely high OER activity (486 A gIr−1 at 1.5 V vs RHE) and stability (100 h at 10 mA cm−2). This work shows a new way to prepare iridium‐based electrocatalysts with high mass activity.
A Fluorescent Probe for The Visible Colorimetric Detection of Tyrosinase
Authors: Li Yanan , Deng Bing , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Liu Yongguo , Sun Baoguo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA fluorescent probe (Probe 1) for the visible colorimetric detection of tyrosinase (Tyr) was developed. The quantitative range of detection of Tyr activity detected was 0 to 800 u/mL with the detection limit (LOD) was 5.00 u/mL. The probe solution emitted increasing yellow‐green luminescence with increasing Tyr activity, which was observed under a 365 nm UV lamp. In addition, the green (G) and red (R) values of these photos had a linear relationship with the activity of Tyr. Probe 1 could be used for the quantitative and quantification detection of Tyr activity in real fruits samples using a smartphone. Colorimetry with catechol as the substrate was used to determine the accuracy of this method. This work shows that Probe 1 can be used for the quantitative detection of Tyr using just a smartphone.
Multicultural individuals and their potential to become international entrepreneurs
Authors: Szymanski Mike , Valderrey Villar Francisco , Cervantes Zepeda Mauricio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine the potential of multicultural individuals (i.e., individuals who have experienced and internalized two or more cultures) to become international entrepreneurs. We focus on two characteristics of successful entrepreneurs: cognitive complexity and social network. Using a sample of 417 individuals aged 18–52, we found that multicultural individuals exhibited higher levels of cognitive complexity in internationalization‐related challenges and belonged to more geographically diverse social networks than their monocultural peers.
Mitral endocarditis secondary to Listeria monocytogenes in a dog
Authors: Giraud Léna , Fernandes Rodrigues Nina , Lekane Marine , Gommeren Kris , Merveille Anne‐Christine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA Beauceron was evaluated for a 3‐week history of unresponsive immune‐mediated polyarthritis and meningitis. Physical examination revealed a previously unreported grade III/VI left apical systolic heart murmur. Based on the echocardiographic examination and blood culture, a diagnosis of mitral valve infective endocarditis secondary to Listeria monocytogenes was made. Despite extensive workup, no definitive primary focus of infection was identified in this case. The endocarditis was suspected to have triggered secondary immune‐mediated polyarthritis and meningitis. The dog was treated with empirical antimicrobial combination therapy and immunosuppressives, and fully recovered from infection. No relapse was documented 5 months after discontinuation of treatment. Cardiomegaly secondary to persistent mitral regurgitation had developed. This is the first description of endocarditis secondary to L. monocytogenes in a dog.
Recurrent colic in a 1‐year‐old dromedary camel
Authors: Olivarez Jeff D. , Needleman Abigail , Doré Vincent 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 1‐year‐old male castrated dromedary camel presented with a 3‐week history of intermittent colic characterized by diarrhoea, inappetence and lethargy. The patient was originally diagnosed with intestinal parasites (Trichuris spp.) 2 weeks prior, for which he was dewormed and released from the hospital. However, the patient's clinical signs did not improve, so further workup was deemed necessary. Based on severe weight loss and hypoalbunaemia, with no further detection of common intestinal parasites, a suspicion of proliferative enteritis led to additional diagnostics. A faecal sample submitted for Lawsonia intracelluris PCR tested positive for the bacterium. The patient received four treatments of oxytetracycline, and clinical signs significantly improved. Another PCR was performed 4 weeks after treatment and was negative for L. intracellularis. While other causes of this camel's clinical signs are possible, this case suggests L. intracellularis may have contributed to signs of recurrent colic in a dromedary camel.
Atmospheric river, a term encompassing different meteorological patterns
Authors: Gimeno Luis , Algarra Iago , Eiras‐Barca Jorge , Ramos Alexandre M. , Nieto Raquel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe study of atmospheric rivers (ARs) and their impacts on extreme precipitation are currently of great research interest in view of their clear socioeconomical implications. However, studies of this type generally contain caveats. The first of these is of a meteorological nature, and is concerned with the diversity of the different meteorological patterns that can be associated in the phenomenological definition, in that there is no guarantee that all so‐called ARs follow the same one. The second concern involves the initial definition of an AR, which implicitly assumes the subtropical origin of the atmospheric moisture that feeds it. To date, it has been observed that in many cases of ARs, most of the moisture originates in regions at higher latitudes. The aim of this article is to open a debate on these two aspects by using well‐known examples of ARs which fit different meteorological patterns, and showing a climatology of the moisture sources that feed ARs.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Balkanisation in European Homicide Research
Authors: Liem Marieke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe past decade has seen a substantial growth of scholarly work on European homicide, combined with initiatives to systematically gather homicide data on a pan-European level. In this contribution, I will reflect on these initiatives, in particular on the construction of the European Homicide Monitor (EHM) and how it relates to other initiatives, such as the Balkan Homicide Study (BHS) described in the book at hand. To put initiatives such as the EHM and the BHS into empirical perspective, this contribution also provides an outline of prior and current research on homicide in Europe. Finally, I will reflect on some of the unique challenges that surround the empirical assessment of homicide in the Balkans.
Einleitung
Authors: Galle Marco 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie didaktische Gestaltung und die organisationale Struktur von Unterricht in Volksschulen bildeten im letzten Jahrhundert überwiegend eine Monokultur: Eine Lehrperson unterrichtete eine altershomogene Lerngruppe zur selben Zeit im selben Raum in einem eng geführten Klassenunterricht. In den letzten Jahrzehnten war jedoch ein teils umfassender Gestaltwandel zu beobachten: Zum Beispiel setzen Lehrpersonen vielfältige Lehr- und Lernformen ein, passen ihr Unterstützungsverhalten adaptiv an und entwickeln ihre Aufgabenkultur weiter, sodass die Schülerinnen und Schüler kognitiv anregende, motivierende Lernaufgaben zumindest teilweise selbstständig bearbeiten können. Zudem lassen sich in einigen Schulen umfassende Veränderungen in den organisationalen Unterrichtsstrukturen beobachten.
A multi-component SIMP model with U(1)X → Z2 × Z3
Authors: Choi Soo-Min , Kim Jinsu , Ko Pyungwon , Li Jinmian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Multi-component dark matter scenarios are studied in the model with U(1)X dark gauge symmetry that is broken into its product subgroup Z2 × Z3 á la Krauss-Wilczek mechanism. In this setup, there exist two types of dark matter fields, X and Y, distinguished by different Z2 × Z3 charges. The real and imaginary parts of the Z2-charged field, XR and XI, get different masses from the U(1)X symmetry breaking. The field Y, which is another dark matter candidate due to the unbroken Z3 symmetry, belongs to the Strongly Interacting Massive Particle (SIMP)-type dark matter. Both XI and XR may contribute to Y’s 3 → 2 annihilation processes, opening a new class of SIMP models with a local dark gauge symmetry. Depending on the mass difference between XI and XR, we have either two-component or three-component dark matter scenarios. In particular two- or three-component SIMP scenarios can be realised not only for small mass difference between X and Y, but also for large mass hierarchy between them, which is a new and unique feature of the present model. We consider both theoretical and experimental constraints, and present four case studies of the multi-component dark matter scenarios.
Heavy neutral leptons in effective field theory and the high-luminosity LHC
Authors: Cottin Giovanna , Helo Juan Carlos , Hirsch Martin , Titov Arsenii , Wang Zeren Simon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) with masses around the electroweak scale are expected to be rather long-lived particles, as a result of the observed smallness of the active neutrino masses. In this work, we study long-lived HNLs in NRSMEFT, a Standard Model (SM) extension with singlet fermions to which we add non-renormalizable operators up to dimension-6. Operators which contain two HNLs can lead to a sizable enhancement of the production cross sections, compared to the minimal case where HNLs are produced only via their mixing with the SM neutrinos. We calculate the expected sensitivities for the ATLAS detector and the future far-detector experiments: AL3X, ANUBIS, CODEX-b, FASER, MATHUSLA, and MoEDAL-MAPP in this setup. The sensitive ranges of the HNL mass and of the active-heavy mixing angle are much larger than those in the minimal case. We study both, Dirac and Majorana, HNLs and discuss how the two cases actually differ phenomenologically, for HNL masses above roughly 100 GeV.
Bulk private curves require large conditional mutual information
Authors: May Alex 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe prove a theorem showing that the existence of “private” curves in the bulk of AdS implies two regions of the dual CFT share strong correlations. A private curve is a causal curve which avoids the entanglement wedge of a specified boundary region$$ \mathcal{U} $$U. The implied correlation is measured by the conditional mutual information$$ I\left({\mathcal{V}}_1:\left.{\mathcal{V}}_2\right|\mathcal{U}\right) $$IV1:V2U, which isO(1/GN) when a private causal curve exists. The regions$$ {\mathcal{V}}_1 $$V1and$$ {\mathcal{V}}_2 $$V2are specified by the endpoints of the causal curve and the placement of the region$$ \mathcal{U} $$U. This gives a causal perspective on the conditional mutual information in AdS/CFT, analogous to the causal perspective on the mutual information given by earlier work on the connected wedge theorem. We give an information theoretic argument for our theorem, along with a bulk geometric proof. In the geometric perspective, the theorem follows from the maximin formula and entanglement wedge nesting. In the information theoretic approach, the theorem follows from resource requirements for sending private messages over a public quantum channel.
Complementary means with respect to a nonsymmetric invariant mean
Authors: Matkowski Janusz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is known that if a bivariate meanKis symmetric, continuous and strictly increasing in each variable, then for every meanMthere is a unique mean$$N\,$$Nsuch thatKis invariant with respect to the mean-type mapping$$\left( M,N\right) ,$$M,N,which means that$$K\circ \left( M,N\right) =K$$K∘M,N=KandNis called aK-complementary mean forM(Matkowski in Aequ Math 57(1):87–107, 1999). This paper extends this result for a large class of nonsymmetric means. As an application, the limits of the sequences of iterates of the related mean-type mappings are determined, which allows us to find all continuous solutions of some functional equations.
Leveraging human genetic data to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide signalling
Authors: Karhunen Ville , Daghlas Iyas , Zuber Verena , Vujkovic Marijana , Olsen Anette K. , Knudsen Lotte Bjerre , Haynes William G. , Howson Joanna M. M. , Gill Dipender 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to leverage human genetic data to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) signalling.

Methods
Data were obtained from summary statistics of large-scale genome-wide association studies. We examined whether genetic associations for type 2 diabetes liability in the GIP and GIPR genes co-localised with genetic associations for 11 cardiometabolic outcomes. For those outcomes that showed evidence of co-localisation (posterior probability >0.8), we performed Mendelian randomisation analyses to estimate the association of genetically proxied GIP signalling with risk of cardiometabolic outcomes, and to test whether this exceeded the estimate observed when considering type 2 diabetes liability variants from other regions of the genome.

Results
Evidence of co-localisation with genetic associations of type 2 diabetes liability at both the GIP and GIPR genes was observed for five outcomes. Mendelian randomisation analyses provided evidence for associations of lower genetically proxied type 2 diabetes liability at the GIP and GIPR genes with lower BMI (estimate in SD units −0.16, 95% CI −0.30, −0.02), C-reactive protein (−0.13, 95% CI −0.19, −0.08) and triacylglycerol levels (−0.17, 95% CI −0.22, −0.12), and higher HDL-cholesterol levels (0.19, 95% CI 0.14, 0.25). For all of these outcomes, the estimates were greater in magnitude than those observed when considering type 2 diabetes liability variants from other regions of the genome.

Conclusions/interpretation
This study provides genetic evidence to support a beneficial role of sustained GIP signalling on cardiometabolic health greater than that expected from improved glycaemic control alone. Further clinical investigation is warranted.

Data availability
All data used in this study are publicly available. The scripts for the analysis are available at: https://github.com/vkarhune/GeneticallyProxiedGIP.

Graphical abstract
The model-specific Markov embedding problem for symmetric group-based models
Authors: Ardiyansyah Muhammad , Kosta Dimitra , Kubjas Kaie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study model embeddability, which is a variation of the famous embedding problem in probability theory, when apart from the requirement that the Markov matrix is the matrix exponential of a rate matrix, we additionally ask that the rate matrix follows the model structure. We provide a characterisation of model embeddable Markov matrices corresponding to symmetric group-based phylogenetic models. In particular, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the eigenvalues of symmetric group-based matrices. To showcase our main result on model embeddability, we provide an application to hachimoji models, which are eight-state models for synthetic DNA. Moreover, our main result on model embeddability enables us to compute the volume of the set of model embeddable Markov matrices relative to the volume of other relevant sets of Markov matrices within the model.
Effekt von Gangjustierhilfen auf die Stabilisierung und Symmetrisierung des Gehens
Authors: Anders Christoph , Dürrschnabel Isabelle , Dürrschnabel Lutz 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Mensch hat im Laufe der Evolution den bipedalen Gang, verbunden mit entsprechenden funktionellen und morphologischen Anpassungsprozessen, entwickelt. Eine dieser Entwicklungen ist die Vergrößerung des Calcaneus, der bei korrekter Positionierung zur Verbesserung der Statik des gesamten Fußes beiträgt und in der Folge zu einer Symmetrisierung des Gangbilds führen kann.

Methodik
Um die Hypothese des Einflusses einer ausgelösten Kipprotation auf die Gangstatik zu überprüfen, wurden 29 gesunde, männliche Probanden randomisiert der Kontroll- (K) bzw. Interventionsgruppe (I) zugeordnet und während des Gehens auf einer instrumentierten Gehstrecke untersucht. Beide Gruppen wurden mit baugleichen Schuhen ausgestattet, in die bei der Interventionsgruppe eine seitengleich positionierte Gangjustierhilfe im medialen Rückfußbereich zur Auslösung einer Kipprotation des unteren Sprunggelenks eingebracht wurde. Alle Probanden wurden zu zwei Zeitpunkten im Abstand von 14 Tagen vor (U1, U3) und nach ihrer Arbeitsschicht (Spätschicht; U2, U4) untersucht. Es wurden ausgewählte, bewährte ganganalytische Parameter und die muskuläre Aktivität eines antagonistischen Muskelpaars am Unterschenkel beidseitig erfasst. Die Analyse der Muskelaktivität erfolgte im Seitenvergleich mithilfe von Kokontraktions- und Symmetrieindizes während der mittleren Standphase des Gangzyklus.

Ergebnisse
Die Ganganalyseparameter wiesen für die laterale Verlagerung tendenziell geringere Werte in der Interventionsgruppe auf (U4 K: 4,4, I: 2,3). Für die analysierte Muskelaktivität (Elektromyographie) konnte eine signifikant geringere Seitendifferenz in der Interventionsgruppe nach der Arbeitsschicht identifiziert werden (U4 K: 26,2, I: 13,7, p = 0,02).

Schlussfolgerung
Es ergeben sich deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass die durch die verwendete Gangjustierhilfe erfolgte Beeinflussung des unteren Sprunggelenks zu einer Harmonisierung des Gangbilds beiträgt. Damit können die Stand- und Gangsicherheit verbessert werden.