bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric and legal considerations in cases of Fetal Abduction by Maternal Evisceration
Authors: Welner Michael , Burgess Ann , O’Malley Kate Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFifteen cases of Fetal Abduction by Maternal Evisceration (FAMAE) reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children during 1987–2011 outline the findings from a review of the forensic psychiatric considerations and legal course of each of the cases. Most offenders confessed to law enforcement within a short time of being placed under arrest in statements reflecting a continued effort to manage impressions and minimize culpability. Psychiatric assessment is invariably central to the legal disposition of FAMAE cases, as the defendant's goal is to diminish the perception of culpability/criminal responsibility and mitigate sentencing. Of those sentenced in the United States, nine defendants received life without parole, two received the death penalty (one executed), and one received a minimum of 30 years. Two abductors committed suicide and were not sentenced. Proffered diagnoses at trial included psychogenic amnesia, pseudocyesis, dissociative disorder, and delusional disorder; however, these rarely stood up to court scrutiny. Psychiatric experts showed the greatest variance in diagnosis over what to call the feigned pregnancy. In addition to delusional disorder and dissociative disorder, pseudocyesis, factitious disorder/pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, schizophrenia, and PTSD were among the various diagnoses proposed. A differential diagnosis for many FAMAE offenders may also include borderline personality disorder. Future research accounting for those women claiming false pregnancy who do not become homicidal will clarify whether FAMAE is the extreme endpoint of a fertility identity disorder.
First morphological description on the immature stages of the genus Acoptolabrus (Coleoptera; Carabidae) from Korea
Authors: Kwon Taeyeong , Choi Jong Bong , Park Jong Kyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost species of the genus Acoptolabrus are considerably rare and have a beautiful body color, making them interesting for collectors. Among the subspecies, A. mirabilissimus mirabilissimus is designated legally as an endangered species in Korea. However, studies on the adults and their immature stages remain limited. Thus, this study was carried out to identify the morphological characteristics of the larval stages. The larvae were obtained by captive breeding adult A. m. sangjuensis, a subspecies closely related to the protected subspecies, and examining them for external characteristics. Further, morphological descriptions and diagnostic characters of each stage of the larvae were provided, including their adult photos.
Single‐molecule long‐read sequencing reveals extensive genomic and transcriptomic variation between maize and its wild relative teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis)
Authors: Li Zhao , Han Linqian , Luo Zi , Li Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTeosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), the wild progenitor of maize (Zea mays L.), is an important germplasm resource for improvement of modern maize lines. However, we have limited genetic and genomic information about teosinte and lack state‐of‐the‐art tools to annotate transcriptomes assembled by single‐molecule long‐read sequencing without a reference genome. Here, we employed single‐molecule long‐read sequencing of cDNA libraries from five tissues of the teosinte inbred line TIL11 and identified 70,044 nonredundant transcript isoforms. We devised a state‐of‐the‐art, machine learning‐based bioinformatics pipeline DenovoAS_Finder to annotate the TIL11 transcriptome without a complete reference genome with an accuracy of up to 91%, providing a robust gene classifier of complex genomes. Additionally, we constructed a draft TIL11 genome with 16,633 high‐quality contigs and a N50 of 112 kb by Nanopore sequencing. Genes from families that expanded from teosinte to maize were significantly enriched in the gene ontology (GO) term “RNA modification pathway” and had more transcript isoforms in TIL11 than in the maize inbred line B73. Genes showed collinearity between TIL11 and B73, and intergenic regions were extensively altered by transposable elements. Our study furthers the understanding of maize domestication and provides a resource for the utilization of wild germplasm in maize breeding.
Non‐Movement as Latent Political Engagement and War of Position: Islamist Spatial Strategy in an Indian State
Authors: C Shayju 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article looks at the relation between ideology and the practice of politics concerning the peculiarities of the social context. By comparing the non‐movement in the Middle East, this article argues that the Jamaat‐e‐Islami is establishing a war of position to operate safely in secular democratic countries by preparing the support base for future action through a latent political engagement. This article deals with the aspects of political mobilisation and political sociology and emerged out of an ethnographic study. This article argues that the appropriation of methods suitable for working within secular political systems does not imply that the Islamist ideology and politics are secularised.
Labour Rights from Labour Wrongs? Transnational Compensation and the Spatial Politics of Labour Rights after Bangladesh’s Rana Plaza Garment Factory Collapse
Authors: Prentice Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe collapse of the Rana Plaza garment factory building in Bangladesh, which resulted in the loss of at least 1134 lives and injuries to hundreds more, exposed the brutality of a global production system in which labour rights have become privatised, circumscribed, and deterritorialised. Unprecedented for an incident of its kind, affected families received $30 million in “compensation” from global apparel companies through the Rana Plaza Arrangement, a voluntary initiative overseen by the International Labour Organization (ILO). This article situates the Arrangement in debates over labour rights in global supply chains, presenting it as a hybrid mechanism that recognises workers’ right to compensation for injury or death but relies on the voluntarism of corporate social responsibility for funding. Exploring the complex role of neoliberal regulation in reproducing geographies of uneven development, I show how a transnational initiative can restrict labour rights even as it attempts to expand such rights.
Mirtazapine use may increase the risk of hypothyroxinaemia in patients affected by major depressive disorder
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wang Na , Wen Shi Wu , Li Mingcan , Yuan Yuan , Retnakaran Ravi , Hao Wei , Zhang Ruiling , Zhai Desheng 
Published: June 2021

AimsHypothyroxinaemia could be easily neglected if attention is paid only to patients with elevated thyroid‐stimulating hormone. We aimed to assess the association between mirtazapine use and hypothyroxinaemia in patients affected by major depressive disorder.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University between January 2016 and December 2018. Patients affected by major depression disorder and admitted to the hospital for treatment during the study period and who had thyroid tests at admission and after treatment were included. Mirtazapine use during hospitalization was the exposure measure and newly developed hypothyroxinaemia was as the primary outcome and structure parameters of thyroid homeostasis were the secondary outcomes of this study. Log‐binomial model was used to estimate the association between mirtazapine use and hypothyroxinaemia, after adjusting for potential confounding factors.ResultsA total of 220 eligible patients were included in the final analysis. The incidence of hypothyroxinaemia in patients who used mirtazapine was higher (37.5%) than those patients who did not use (19.7%). The relative risk of developing hypothyroxinaemia was 1.70 (95% confidence interval: 1.21–2.43) for mirtazapine use, after adjusting for confounding factors. The degree of reduction in thyroid feedback quantile‐based index in mirtazapine group was significantly greater than that in nonmirtazapine group.ConclusionMirtazapine use was associated with the increased risk of developing hypothyroxinaemia. The underlying mechanism may be involved the changed central set point of thyroid homeostasis, in which pituitary was in a possibly impaired sensitivity to the lower level of thyroid hormones.
Prostate cancer in transgender women: what does a urologist need to know?
Authors: Bertoncelli Tanaka Mariana , Sahota Kirpal , Burn James , Falconer Alison , Winkler Mathias , Ahmed Hashim U. , Rashid Tina G. ,   the Gender Research Collaborative
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review of the existing literature, current guidelines and standard of practice related to prostate cancer in transgender women, as the transgender population share many of the same healthcare needs as their cisgender counterparts, but may have additional specialist needs.Materials and methodsWe performed a non‐systematic review of the literature, current guidelines and standard of practice related to prostate cancer in transgender women.ResultsOur search revealed 10 case reports of prostate cancer in transgender women, four specialist opinion papers, six cohort studies, and four systematic reviews. The information in these publications were assimilated to produce a review of prostate cancer in transgender women.ConclusionThe risk of prostate cancer in transgender women who are not on gender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) or who have not had gender‐affirming surgery (GAS) and gender non‐conforming individuals (who may never commence GAHT or have GAS) is the same as that in the cis male population. In these patients, healthcare professionals need to be able to discuss screening, diagnostic and treatment options considering future wishes for gender‐affirming treatment. Prostate cancer incidence in transgender women on GAHT or following GAS is lower than age‐matched cis‐male counterparts, but diagnosis and treatment is more nuanced. The present review discusses the existing literature about development and incidence of prostate cancer in this population, and makes recommendations about screening, the usefulness of diagnostic tools e.g. prostate‐specific antigen and magnetic resonance imaging, and considerations when formulating treatment. Potential directions for future research are discussed, which will hopefully lead to development of robust evidence‐based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer in transgender women.
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: an evolving concept critical for cell life and death
Authors: Morciano Giampaolo , Naumova Natalia , Koprowski Piotr , Valente Sara , Sardão Vilma A. , Potes Yaiza , Rimessi Alessandro , Wieckowski Mariusz R. , Oliveira Paulo J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIn this review, we summarize current knowledge of perhaps one of the most intriguing phenomena in cell biology: the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This phenomenon, which was initially observed as a sudden loss of inner mitochondrial membrane impermeability caused by excessive calcium, has been studied for almost 50 years, and still no definitive answer has been provided regarding its mechanisms. From its initial consideration as an in vitro artifact to the current notion that the mPTP is a phenomenon with physiological and pathological implications, a long road has been travelled. We here summarize the role of mitochondria in cytosolic calcium control and the evolving concepts regarding the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) and the mPTP. We show how the evolving mPTP models and mechanisms, which involve many proposed mitochondrial protein components, have arisen from methodological advances and more complex biological models. We describe how scientific progress and methodological advances have allowed milestone discoveries on mPTP regulation and composition and its recognition as a valid target for drug development and a critical component of mitochondrial biology.
The importance of considering age when quantifying wild animals’ welfare
Authors: Hecht Luke 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWild animals experience different challenges and opportunities as they mature, and this variety of experiences can lead to different levels of welfare characterizing the day‐to‐day lives of individuals of different ages. At the same time, most wild animals who are born do not survive to adulthood. Individuals who die as juveniles do not simply experience a homogeneous fraction of the lifetimes of older members of their species; rather, their truncated lives may be characterized by very different levels of welfare. Here, I propose the concept of welfare expectancy as a framework for quantifying wild animal welfare at a population level, given individual‐level data on average welfare with respect to age. This concept fits conveniently alongside methods of analysis already used in population ecology, such as demographic sensitivity analysis, and is applicable to evaluating the welfare consequences of human interventions and natural pressures that disproportionately affect individuals of different ages. In order to understand better and improve the state of wild animal welfare, more attention should be directed towards young animals and the particular challenges they face.
Coping with cystic fibrosis: An analysis from the sibling's point of view
Authors: Milo Francesco , Ranocchiari Silvia , Lucidi Vincenzina , Tabarini Paola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, life‐threatening condition that results in life‐long morbidity and premature mortality. CF has a significant impact on healthy siblings' adaptation and well‐being. Siblings of patients with a chronic disease may experience psychological difficulties, such as anxiety, depression symptoms and troubles in adaptation. This study aimed to explore the participants' experiences of growing up with a CF patient diagnosed at a paediatric age and their adaptation strategies.MethodsWe enrolled eight CF siblings (adolescents and young adults) in a 6‐month focus group sessions programme. Each session had two phases (psychoeducational and experiential). Transcripts were analysed and grouped through grounded theory analysis to elaborate on data‐driven theory.ResultsWe identified 14 subthemes by which the raw data could be organized. All the subthemes were gathered together according to the axial coding process into six themes (illness, changes, communication, avoidance, normalization, and protection and care). We then grouped the six themes into two main themes (‘Growing up with a CF brother or sister’ and ‘Finding the right distance’) and conceptualized the grounded theory ‘Keeping the right distance’. The participants described the evolving process of maintaining a balance between the illness of their brother or sister, family organization and their own needs.ConclusionsKnowing siblings' experiences and their common strategies to deal with the experience of having a brother or sister with a chronic health condition may be useful to ensure more tailored and specific interventions.
Antitumour necrosis factor therapy is associated with de novo Crohn’s disease after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis
Authors: Truong Adam , Zaghiyan Karen N. , Mirocha James , Melmed Gil Y. , McGovern Dermot P. B. , Syal Gaurav , Ha Christina Y. , Targan Stephan R. , Fleshner Phillip R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have revolutionized the management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) since their approval for UC in 2005. However, many patients ultimately require surgery with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA). Development of de novo Crohn's disease (CD) following IPAA is an increasingly common and devastating complication, sometimes progressing to pouch failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of preoperative TNFi exposure and the development of de novo CD after IPAA.MethodA prospective single‐centre inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) registry was searched for consecutive patients with UC undergoing IPAA during a 25‐year period ending July 2018. Patients with preoperative CD or IBD‐unclassified were excluded. De novo CD was diagnosed upon endoscopic evidence of five or more mucosal ulcers proximal to the ileal pouch any time after surgery and/or pouch fistula occurring more than three months after ileostomy closure.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 400 patients with a median follow‐up of 44.0 (IQR 11–113) months. Sixty‐two (16%) patients developed de novo CD 28.0 (IQR 6–67) months following ileostomy closure. Survival analysis of TNFi era patients revealed a significant increase in de novo CD risk in those with preoperative TNFi exposure. Multivariable proportional hazards modelling revealed two independent predictors for de novo CD development: older age was protective (HR 0.89 per 5‐year increase; P = 0.009) and preoperative TNFi exposure was hazardous (HR 2.10; P = 0.011).ConclusionThis prospective study is the first to suggest an association between preoperative TNFi exposure and the development of de novo CD.
Minimal access rectal cancer surgery: an observational study of patient outcomes from a district general hospital with over a decade of experience with robotic rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Tilney Henry S. , Huddy Jeremy R. , Nizar A. Shiyam , Smith Ralph , Gudgeon A. Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimRobotic surgery for colorectal cancer has become established more slowly than in other specialities. The aim of this study was to assess the risks and benefits of the use of robotic rectal cancer surgery in comparison with laparoscopic surgery within the confines of a subspecialist rectal cancer service in a district general hospital.MethodOutcomes from consecutive patients undergoing minimal access rectal cancer surgery between July 2008 and January 2020 were analysed. Comparisons were made between short‐term outcomes including conversion rates, anastomotic leakage and pathological outcomes as well as long‐term survival and cancer recurrence.ResultsA total of 337 patients were included in the analysis, 204 (60.5%) of whom underwent robotic surgery. Demographic characteristics and use of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were similar between groups. However, patients having robotic surgery had significantly lower tumours than in the laparoscopic group (7.6 cm vs. 9.8 cm, p = 0.003). Conversion to open surgery in the robotic group was significantly less likely (9.8% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.001). Operative mortality, clinical leakage and major complications were similar between groups. While asymptomatic ‘radiological’ leaks were significantly more common following robotic surgery (13.7% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.017) this did not affect the long‐term stoma closure rate. Pathological outcomes were similar with the exception of shorter mean distal resection margins (25.9 mm vs. 32.8 mm, p = 0.001) for the robotic group of patients. There was no statistical difference in 5‐year survival between groups (78.7% robotic vs. 85.4% laparoscopic, p = 0.263) nor local recurrence (2.0% robotic vs. 3.8% laparoscopic, p = 0.253).ConclusionsThese results illustrate how the selective use of robotic surgery by a dedicated rectal cancer team can achieve low rates of cancer recurrence and low permanent stoma rates.
Appendiceal pseudomyxoma peritonei: predictors of recurrence and iterative surgery
Authors: Kong Joseph C. , Flood Michael P. , Guerra Glen R. , Liesegang Amanda , Wong Wen J. , Mitchell Catherine , Warrier Satish K. , Naidu Sanjeev , Meade Brian , Lutton Nicholas , Heriot Alexander G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimAppendiceal pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare entity, with recurrence rates up to 26% despite optimal cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Evidence specific to PMP originating from non‐infiltrative appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (low grade ‐ LAMN and high grade ‐ HAMN) is lacking. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of recurrence and predictive factors for patients appropriate for iterative surgery.MethodA bi‐institutional retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing complete cytoreduction and HIPEC for PMP derived from perforated LAMN or HAMN. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors for re‐do CRS. Five‐year overall survival (OS) was stratified according to surgical intervention, and 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) was stratified according to histological PMP grade. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for OS and DFS.ResultsSixty of 239 (25.1%) patients developed peritoneal recurrence between 2007 and 2020. The median time to recurrence was 20.7 months. The risk of disease recurrence was highest with high‐grade PMP (P <0.001) and increasing PCI (P <0.001). Patients with high‐grade histology from their index procedure and aged over 60 years were less likely to be offered iterative surgery on multivariate analysis. Patients who underwent iterative CRS and HIPEC had a 5‐year survival of 100%.ConclusionIterative CRS and HIPEC is feasible in selected patients with recurrent PMP, displaying good oncological outcomes. Age, index histology and level of abdominal quadrant involvement are predictive of proceeding to re‐do surgery.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral baicalein tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: A single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multiple‐ascending‐dose study
Authors: Li Lijun , Gao Hongzhi , Lou Kun , Luo Hongmei , Hao Sheng , Yuan Jing , Liu Zeyuan , Dong Ruihua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBaicalein is a biologically important flavonoid in extracted from the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which can effectively inhibit the influenza virus. This study aimed to analyze the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of baicalein tablets in healthy Chinese subjects and provide more information for phase II clinical trials. In this multiple‐ascending‐dose placebo‐controlled trial, 36 healthy subjects were randomized to receive 200, 400, and 600 mg of baicalein tablet or placebo once daily on day 1 and day 10, 3 times daily on days 4–9. All groups were intended to produce safety and tolerability outcomes (lowest dose first). Blood and urine samples were collected from subjects in the 600 mg group for baicalein PK analysis. Our study had shown that Baicalein tablet was generally safe and well‐tolerated. All adverse events were mild and resolved without any intervention except one case of fever reported in the 600 mg group, which was considered as moderate but not related with baicalein as judged by the investigator. Oral baicalein tablets were rapidly absorbed with peak plasma levels being reached within 2 h after multiple administration. The highest urinary excretion of baicalein and its metabolites peaked in 2 h, followed by 12 h, with a double peak trend.