bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on Storage and Release of Firefly Luciferin
Authors: Guo Ya‐Jie , Cui Cheng‐Xing , Liu Ya‐Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmong numerous bioluminescent organisms, firefly is the most studied one. Recent experiment proposed that sulfoluciferin (SLH2) may serve as a storage form of luciferin (LH2). In the present article, we employed density functional theory calculation to uncover the mechanism and detailed process of the storage and release reactions. Due to lack of available crystallographic structure of the related enzyme, the calculation was performed on a model system. For the storage reaction, possible amino acid residues were used for imitating the protein environment. For the release reaction, the dielectric constant of 3.0 was employed to simulate the polarity of the protein cavity. The computational results indicated that the reactions from LH2 to SLH2 and from SLH2 to LH2 are both exergonic, which favor the storage and release processes and coincide with the experimental observation. Basing on experimental and current theoretical study, we supplemented the stages of LH2 storage and release in the entire bioluminescent cycle of firefly. The current theoretical calculation could inspire the study on LH2 storage and release of other bioluminescent organisms.
The Aged Population and Social Spending in Latin America: Comparing the Demographic Functionalist Theories and Political Pressure Arguments
Authors: Beal Krause Amanda L. 
Published: August 2021

This article compares cross‐national aging populations in Latin America to study the relationship between this population, regime type, and types of social expenditure. Much of the previous research addressed this relationship in industrialized countries, but those countries are predominantly democratic and have less variation in age demographics. I demonstrate that the effect of the aged population varies by regime type and type of expenditure. In general, democratic regimes with larger elderly populations spend more on social security and welfare. By and large, education policy is unaffected by the size of the elderly population regardless of regime type. These results suggest that the elderly population is most concerned with social security, which makes sense because these government expenditures directly affect them.Related ArticlesCho, Sungik, and Yool Choi. 2017. “Convergent or Divergent? The Hidden Dynamics of Institutional Changes in the Labor Markets and Social Welfare Systems in South Korea and Japan.” Politics & Policy 45 (4): 594‐625. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12208Maags, Christina. 2020. “Long‐Term Care Insurance Adoption in East Asia: Politics, Ideas, and Institutions.” Politics & Policy 48 (1): 69‐106. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12339Scarlato, Margherita, and Giorgio d'Agostino. 2019. “The Political Dimension of Cash Transfers in Latin America and Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Comparative Perspective.” Politics & Policy 47 (6): 1125‐1155. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12332
Come Together, Right Now: Storylines and Social Identities in Coalition Building in a Local Policy Subsystem
Authors: Rychlik Jasmin , Hornung Johanna , Bandelow Nils C. 
Published: August 2021

How do social identities contribute to the formation of coalitions in a policy subsystem? Social identities help to understand the bundling of resources and common strategies for action. Thus, we argue that identification with a group and across groups discursively results in the formulation of shared and competing storylines. As coalitions are characterized by some kind of sameness of their actors which results in shared storylines, we thereby postulate that the link between storylines and social identities provides added value to the explanation of coalition formation. We test whether shared storylines can be traced back to social identities in the different discursive periods of traffic development on a local level in Germany. A media analysis of 110 articles and 14 interviews shows that the assignment of certain group characteristics is discursively confirmed, renegotiated, or rejected. Social identities, therefore, matter for coalition formation.Related ArticlesChang, Katherine T., and Elizabeth A. Koebele. 2020. “What Drives Coalitions' Narrative Strategy? Exploring Policy Narratives around School Choice.”Politics & Policy48 (4): 618‐657.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12367Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.”Politics & Policy39 (3): 373‐400.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.xVercesi, Michelangelo. 2016. “Coalition Politics and Inter‐Party Conflict Management: A Theoretical Framework.”Politics & Policy44 (2): 168‐219.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12154
Loss of LaMATE impairs isoflavonoid release from cluster roots of phosphorus‐deficient white lupin
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Olt Philipp , Neuhäuser Benjamin , Moradtalab Narges , Bautista William , Uhde‐Stone Claudia , Neumann Günter , Ludewig Uwe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhite lupin (Lupinus albus L.) forms brush‐like root structures called cluster roots under phosphorus‐deficient conditions. Clusters secrete citrate and other organic compounds to mobilize sparingly soluble soil phosphates. In the context of aluminum toxicity tolerance mechanisms in other species, citrate is released via a subgroup of MATE/DTX proteins (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion/detoxification). White lupin contains 56 MATE/DTX genes. Many of these are closely related to gene orthologs with known substrates in other species. LaMATE is a marker gene for functional, mature clusters and is, together with its close homolog LaMATE3, a candidate for the citrate release. Both were highest expressed in mature clusters and when expressed in oocytes, induced inward‐rectifying currents that were likely carried by endogenous channels. No citrate efflux was associated with LaMATE and LaMATE3 expression in oocytes. Furthermore, citrate secretion was largely unaffected in P‐deficient composite mutant plants with genome‐edited or RNAi‐silenced LaMATE in roots. Moderately lower concentrations of citrate and malate in the root tissue and consequently less organic acid anion secretion and lower malate in the xylem sap were identified. Interestingly, however, less genistein was consistently found in mutant exudates, opening the possibility that LaMATE is involved in isoflavonoid release.
No pain, no gain? Associations of athletic participation with capability for suicide among college students
Authors: Dodd Dorian R. , Harris Katie , Allen Kala , Velkoff Elizabeth A. , Smith April R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is a leading cause of death among college students. In order to advance understanding of suicide risk factors in this population, the present study provides a theoretically grounded test of associations between experiences in sports and both facets of capability for suicide (i.e., fearlessness about death and pain tolerance). Secondarily, the present study aimed to explore possible distinctions between subjective and objective pain tolerance.MethodsUndergraduate students (N = 153) completed the study at a single timepoint. A pressure algometer was used to measure objective pain tolerance, and self‐report questionnaires assessed subjective pain tolerance, fearlessness about death (FAD), sports participation, sports‐related injuries, level of contact in sport, and weight manipulation practices for sport.ResultsAthletes had greater capability for suicide (i.e., higher objective and subjective pain tolerance and greater FAD) relative to non‐athletes. Sports‐related injuries were positively associated with both FAD and subjective pain tolerance, and level of contact in sport was positively associated with FAD. Objective and subjective pain tolerance were moderately correlated.ConclusionsSports‐related injuries and level of physical contact in athletics are associated with the facets of capability for suicide among college student athletes. Discrepancies in results between subjective and objective pain tolerance suggest important distinctions between these constructs.
Cardiorespiratory fitness in children with overweight/obesity: Insights into the molecular mechanisms
Authors: Plaza‐Florido Abel , Altmäe Signe , Esteban Francisco J. , Löf Marie , Radom‐Aizik Shlomit , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesHigh cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) during adulthood. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of high CRF levels at the early stage of life. This study aimed to analyze the whole‐blood transcriptome profile of fit children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) compared to unfit children with OW/OB.Design27 children with OW/OB (10.14 ± 1.3 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were evaluated. VO2peak was assessed using a gas analyzer, and participants were categorized into fit or unfit according to the CVD risk‐related cut‐points. Whole‐blood transcriptome profile (RNA sequencing) was analyzed. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the limma R/Bioconductor software package (analyses adjusted by sex and maturational status), and pathways’ enrichment analysis was performed with DAVID. In addition, in silico validation data mining was performed using the PHENOPEDIA database.Results256 genes were differentially expressed in fit children with OW/OB compared to unfit children with OW/OB after adjusting by sex and maturational status (FDR < 0.05). Enriched pathway analysis identified gene pathways related to inflammation (eg, dopaminergic and GABAergic synapse pathways). Interestingly, in silico validation data mining detected a set of the differentially expressed genes to be related to CVD, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, inflammation, and asthma.ConclusionThe distinct pattern of whole‐blood gene expression in fit children with OW/OB reveals genes and gene pathways that might play a role in reducing CVD risk factors later in life.
Apparent temperature and heat‐related illnesses during international athletic championships: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hollander Karsten , Klöwer Milan , Richardson Andy , Navarro Laurent , Racinais Sébastien , Scheer Volker , Murray Andrew , Branco Pedro , Timpka Toomas , Junge Astrid , Edouard Pascal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInternational outdoor athletics championships are typically hosted during the summer season, frequently in hot and humid climatic conditions. Therefore, we analyzed the association between apparent temperature and heat‐related illnesses occurrence during international outdoor athletics championships and compared its incidence rates between athletics disciplines. Heat‐related illnesses were selected from illness data prospectively collected at seven international outdoor athletics championships between 2009 and 2018 using a standardized methodology. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was calculated as a measure of the apparent temperature based on weather data for each day of the championships. Heat‐related illness numbers and (daily) incidence rates were calculated and analyzed in relation to the daily maximum UTCI temperature and between disciplines. During 50 championships days with UTCI temperatures between 15℃ and 37℃, 132 heat‐related illnesses were recorded. Average incidence rate of heat‐related illnesses was 11.7 (95%CI 9.7 to 13.7) per 1000 registered athletes. The expected daily incidence rate of heat‐related illnesses increased significantly with UTCI temperature (0.12 more illnesses per 1000 registered athletes/°C; 95%CI 0.08–0.16) and was found to double from 25 to 35°C UTCI. Race walkers (RR = 45.5, 95%CI 21.6–96.0) and marathon runners (RR = 47.7, 95%CI 23.0–98.8) had higher heat‐related illness rates than athletes competing in short‐duration disciplines. Higher UTCI temperatures were associated with more heat‐related illnesses, with marathon and race walking athletes having higher risk than athletes competing in short‐duration disciplines. Heat‐related illness prevention strategies should predominantly focus on marathon and race walking events of outdoor athletics championships when high temperatures are forecast.
Visualizing spatiotemporal patterns of city service demand through a space‐time exploratory approach
Authors: Jing Changfeng , Zhu Yanli , Du Mingyi , Liu Xintao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCity service demand fluctuates across space and time. Although various data, such as 311 hotline data and social media data, have been used to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of city services, data uncertainty and the uneven distribution of service demand are overlooked to some extent and thus could result in bias. To overcome these shortcomings, top‐down collected city service data that fully cover urban areas are used as an emerging data source in this article. A visual analytical approach that employs a three‐dimensional model based on a space‐time cube combined with the Mann–Kendall algorithm is developed and applied in Xicheng District, Beijing, China. The results show that in comparison to other methods, the emerging data and visualization methods have more power to explain city services in terms of overall trends and micro‐scale details. For instance, city service cases demonstrate a significant downward trend. Meanwhile, the distribution of hotspots/coldspots is found to be related to the built environment and population density. For example, high‐incidence cases are located in some communities that are the key governance areas, indicating a demand to increase the staffing of grid administrators. The findings of this work can potentially benefit other cities in China and worldwide.
Extracellular vesicles released from stress‐induced prematurely senescent myoblasts impair endothelial function and proliferation
Authors: Hettinger Zachary R. , Kargl Christopher K. , Shannahan Jonathan H. , Kuang Shihuan , Gavin Timothy P. 
Published: August 2021

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?What is the impact of stress‐induced premature senescence on skeletal muscle myoblast‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and myoblast–endothelial cell crosstalk?What is the main finding and its importance?Hydrogen peroxide treatment of human myoblasts induced stress‐induced premature senescence (SIPS) and increased the release of exosome‐sized EVs (30–150 nm in size) five‐fold compared to untreated controls. Treatment of SIPS myoblast‐derived EVs on endothelial cells increased senescence markers and decreased proliferation. Gene expression analysis of SIPS myoblast‐derived EVs revealed a four‐fold increase in senescence factor transforming growth factor‐β. These results highlight potential mechanisms by which senescence imparts deleterious effects on the cellular microenvironment.AbstractCellular senescence contributes to numerous diseases through the release of pro‐inflammatory factors as part of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In skeletal muscle, resident muscle progenitor cells (satellite cells) express markers of senescence with advancing age and in response to various pathologies, which contributes to reduced regenerative capacities in vitro. Satellite cells regulate their microenvironment in part through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the effect of senescence on EV signaling is unknown. Primary human myoblasts were isolated following biopsies of the vastus lateralis from young healthy subjects. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment was used to achieve stress‐induced premature senescence (SIPS) of myoblasts. EVs secreted by myoblasts with and without H2O2treatment were isolated, analysed and used to treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to assess senescence and angiogenic impact. H2O2treatment of primary human myoblasts in vitro increased markers of senescence (β‐galactosidase and p21Cip1), decreased proliferation and increased exosome‐like EV (30–150 nm) release approximately five‐fold. In HUVECs, EV treatment from H2O2‐treated myoblasts increased markers of senescence (β‐galactosidase and transforming growth factor β), decreased proliferation and impaired HUVEC tube formation. Analysis of H2O2‐treated myoblast‐derived EV mRNA revealed a nearly four‐fold increase in transforming growth factor β expression. Our novel results highlight the impact of SIPS on myoblast communication and identify a VasoMyo Crosstalk by which SIPS myoblast‐derived EVs impair endothelial cell function in vitro.
Differential shifts in baroreflex control of renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity induced by freezing behaviour in rats
Authors: Kondo Naomi , Yoshimoto Misa , Ikegame Shizuka , Miki Kenju 
Published: August 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Is the arterial baroreflex involved in causing patterned, region‐specific changes in sympathetic nerve activity during freezing behaviour in conscious rats?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Freezing behaviour is accompanied by differential shifts in the baroreflex control of renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate. It is noteworthy that baroreflex pathways may be discretely separated, allowing differential modification of baroreflex curves that may generate differential changes in sympathetic nerve activity during freezing behaviour.

AbstractThe present study was designed to test whether the baroreflex stimulus–response curves for renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) and heart rate (HR) were shifted in a regionally specific manner during freezing behaviour in conscious rats. Male Wistar rats were chronically instrumented with electrodes and arterial and venous catheters for measurement of RSNA, LSNA and electrocardiogram. After a 60‐min control period, freezing behaviour in conscious rats was induced by exposure to loud white noise (90 dB) for 10 min. The baroreflex curves for RSNA, LSNA and HR were generated by changing systemic arterial pressure using rapid intravenous infusions of vasoactive drugs and then fitted to an inverse sigmoid function curve. During the freezing behaviour, the baroreflex curve for RSNA was expanded upward with a significant (P < 0.001) increase (by 153% compared with the control level) in the upper plateau (maximum capacity of RSNA drive), whereas the baroreflex curve for LSNA remained unchanged. Conversely, the baroreflex curve for HR was shifted leftward with a significant (P = 0.004) decrease (by 11 mmHg relative to the control level) in the midpoint pressure. Our results indicate that baroreflex curve shifts for RSNA, LSNA and HR occur in a regionally specific manner during freezing behaviour. This indicates that baroreflex pathways may be discretely separated, allowing differential modification of baroreflex curves that may generate differential changes in sympathetic nerve activity during freezing behaviour.
Influence of Contact Positioning of Pivot Support on Machining Vibration
Authors: Mori Kotaro , Yamaji Iwao , Kono Daisuke , Matsubara Atsushi , Ishida Takehiro , Kaitani Yuki , Higashi Eiji , Urakami Taisuke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The authors have studied support mechanisms for the machining of thin-walled workpieces. Previous studies have shown that the newly proposed pivot support has a vibration suppression effect on flat plate workpieces. This report clarifies the guideline for determining the placement interval for deploying this support on a cylindrical workpiece. Also, a machining test was conducted to compare the damping effect of pivot support with that of conventional rigid body support. As a result, it was found that the pivot support has an equivalent vibration suppression effect as the conventional support has. By using the proposed support, installation can be simplified while maintaining the damping effect.
Automated Tool Path Generation for End-Milling Operation Using CAD Model in STL Format
Authors: Nishida Isamu , Shirase Keiichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A method to extract the machining region from 3D CAD model in STL (Standard Triangulated Language) format and automatically generate tool path is proposed. At first, this study proposes a method to extract the machining region and obtain the geometrical feature such as convex shape or concave shape from only the 3D CAD model in STL format. The STL format has only triangular mesh data and drops all the information which is necessary to extract the removal volume for machining and the geometrical characteristics. Furthermore, the triangular mesh size is non-uniform. Then, the contour line model, in which the product model is minutely divided on the plane along any one axial direction and represented by points at intervals below the indicated resolution obtained from the contour line of the cross section of the product, is proposed. Subsequently, this study proposes a method to determine the machining conditions for each extracted machining region and automatically generate tool path according to the obtained geometrical feature of the machining region.
Cutting State Estimation via Chatter Mark on End Milled Surface and Analysis of Its Formation Mechanism Using Voxel Model Simulation
Authors: Ozaki Nobutoshi , Matsui Shota , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
When chatter vibrations occur during cutting, a characteristic pattern called chatter mark appears on the machined surface. In our previous studies, it was estimated that this chatter mark is formed by the tool (or workpiece) vibration in the normal direction with respect to the machined surface. We thus proposed a method to inversely analyze the chatter vibration information during cutting through the chatter mark using two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform. Previous studies confirmed that the analysis results of this method are in good agreement with those of the information obtained via conventional sensing. However, the correctness of the pattern formation mechanism is yet to be directly verified, as it is difficult to measure the cutting phenomenon directly. In this study, the chatter vibration during cutting was measured by the displacement of the tool-shank. Then, based on the results obtained in the static stiffness test, the movement of the tool edge was estimated. A cutting simulation using a voxel model was executed based on this tool-edge movement. When the simulation using the chatter vibration in the normal direction was performed, a chatter mark appeared on the simulated surface. It could thus be confirmed more directly that the analytical model is correct compared with the previous methods.