bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melamine‐Crosslinked Polyimide Aerogels from Supercritical Ethanol Drying with Improved In‐Use Shape Stability Against Shrinking
Authors: Chen Weiwang , Liu Sha , Sun Yueyan , Zhou Xiaomeng , Zhou Fenglei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolyimide aerogels are promising for diverse applications owing to their nano‐porous structure and superior properties. However, the shrinkage of melamine‐crosslinked polyimide (MPI) aerogels has greatly compromised their performance in practical applications. In this study, supercritical drying with ethanol rather than CO2 is employed to enhance their in‐use shape stability at high temperatures. The structure, thermal insulation, mechanical strength of the resultant aerogels as well as their shape stability are characterized. Experimental results reveal that the shape stability of MPI aerogels during use is greatly improved thanks to the in‐advance baptism of supercritical ethanol drying. The aerogel shrinks by only 2.64 vol.% after being treated at 280 °C for 72 h. Besides, the MPI aerogel shows enhanced compressive strength and can easily support a load more than 20 000 times its own weight. The thermal conductivity of these aerogels varies from 0.034 to 0.046 W m−1 k−1, indicative of remarkable performance in thermal insulation. In addition, the aerogels that started to decompose at as high as 500 °C also perform well in thermal stability and char forming. It can be envisaged that the developed MPI aerogels with greatly improved in‐use shape stability may have broad prospects for thermal insulation at high temperatures.
To earmark or not to earmark when gift‐giving: Gift‐givers' and gift‐recipients' diverging preferences for earmarked cash gifts
Authors: Givi Julian , Das Gopal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMuch research has shed light on the what to give facet of gift‐giving; that is, which types of products should consumers give as gifts? However, little research has investigated the how to give component of gift‐giving; that is, holding the gift itself constant, how should it be given? In the present work, we explore the messaging aspect of how to give, thereby expanding the gift‐giving literature. Specifically, we investigate gift‐givers' and gift‐recipients' preferences regarding the practice of earmarking cash gifts (i.e., suggesting that a cash gift be used on a particular product). Across multiple studies, we demonstrate that givers are less likely to earmark cash gifts than recipients prefer, because givers view earmarking as less thoughtful compared to recipients. Moreover, consistent with a thoughtfulness account, we show that givers are more likely to earmark in situations where they view earmarking as thoughtful. We conclude by discussing how our work offers a unique contribution to the gift‐giving literature (as it is the first to document a giver‐recipient asymmetry involving how to give), suggests that givers should earmark cash gifts more often, and clears many paths for future research (on other potential giver‐recipient asymmetries tied to how to give).
Apolipoprotein E Genotype Contributes to Motor Progression in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pu Jia‐Li , Jin Chong‐Yao , Wang Zhong‐Xuan , Fang Yi , Li Yao‐Lin , Xue Nai‐Jia , Zheng Ran , Lin Zhi‐Hao , Yan Yi‐Qun , Si Xiao‐Li , Chen Ying , Liu Yi , Song Zhe , Yan Ya‐Ping , Tian Jun , Yin Xin‐Zhen , Zhang Bao‐Rong 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 exacerbates α‐synuclein pathology.ObjectiveTo determine whether APOE ε4 contributes to motor progression in early Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsLongitudinal data were obtained from 384 patients with PD divided into APOE ε4 carriers (n = 85) and noncarriers (n = 299) in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative. Participants underwent yearly motor assessments over a mean follow‐up period of 78.9 months. Repeated measures and linear mixed models were used to test the effects of APOE ε4.ResultsThe motor progression was significantly more rapid in patients with PD carrying APOE ε4 than in noncarriers (β = 0.283, P = 0.026, 95% confidence interval: 0.033–0.532). Through subgroup analysis, we found that the effect of APOE ε4 was significant only in patients with high amyloid β burden (β = 0.761, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 0.0356–1.167).Conclusions
APOE ε4 may be associated with rapid motor progression in PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Chromosome 9p terminal deletion in nine Egyptian patients and narrowing of the critical region for trigonocephaly
Authors: Mohamed Amal M. , Kamel Alaa K. , Eid Maha M. , Eid Ola M. , Mekkawy Mona , Hussein Shymaa H. , Zaki Maha S. , Esmail Samira , Afifi Hanan H. , El‐Kamah Ghada Y. , Otaify Ghada A. , El‐Awady Heba Ahmed , Elaidy Aya , Essa Mahmoud Y. , El‐Ruby Mona , Ashaat Engy A. , Hammad Saida A. , Mazen Inas , Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. , Aglan Mona , Temtamy Samia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to delineate the clinical phenotype of patients with 9p deletions, pinpoint the chromosomal breakpoints, and identify the critical region for trigonocephaly, which is a frequent finding in 9p terminal deletion.MethodsWe investigated a cohort of nine patients with chromosome 9p terminal deletions who all displayed developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Of them, eight had trigonocephaly, seven had brain anomalies, seven had autistic manifestations, seven had fair hair, and six had a congenital heart defect (CHD).ResultsKaryotyping revealed 9p terminal deletion in all patients, and patients 8 and 9 had additional duplication of other chromosomal segments. We used six bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones that could identify the breakpoints at 17–20 Mb from the 9p terminus. Array CGH identified the precise extent of the deletion in six patients; the deleted regions ranged from 16 to 18.8 Mb in four patients, patient 8 had an 11.58 Mb deletion and patient 9 had a 2.3 Mb deletion.ConclusionThe gene deletion in the 9p24 region was insufficient to cause ambiguous genitalia because six of the nine patients had normal genitalia. We suggest that the critical region for trigonocephaly lies between 11,575 and 11,587 Mb from the chromosome 9p terminus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the minimal critical region reported for trigonocephaly in 9p deletion syndrome, and it warrants further delineation.
Study of the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Non‐Newtonian Polymer Solution Fluid in Concentric Annulus Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods
Authors: He Yu , He Guangwen , Yu Bin , Yan Shaowei , Xie Le 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐Newtonian fluids flowing in a concentric annulus have been widely observed in industrial chemical processes. In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics of a non‐Newtonian fluid (polymer solution) in concentric annulus are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and numerical simulation methods. First, a simple grid independence analysis is carried out to select appropriate grid parameters. Then the rationality of the proposed CFD model is confirmed by the near‐wall velocity profiles. Based on the validated model, the effects of the fluid properties and radius ratio on the flow structure characteristics are studied at various inlet velocities. According to the simulated flow fields (i.e., velocity, pressure, strain rate, and wall shear stress), the flow pattern, flow resistance, and residence time distribution characteristics are analyzed in the laminar and turbulent regimes. The presented results show that non‐Newtonian fluids have unique flow behaviors in concentric annulus when compared with Newtonian fluids.
Intermittent versus daily regimen of prednisolone in ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A randomized, open‐label trial
Authors: Kochar Gurpreet S. , Sondhi Vishal , Kabra Sushil K. , Yadav Shiv L. , Dwivedi Sada N. , Gulati Sheffali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsCorticosteroids prolong ambulation and improve muscle power among boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the optimal steroid regimen remains unclear. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of daily‐ versus intermittent‐steroid regimens in ambulatory boys with DMD.MethodsIn this single‐center, open‐label randomized trial, 72 children were randomized to receive either daily prednisolone (0.75 mg/kg/day) or intermittent prednisolone (0.75 mg/kg/day, for first 10 days of every month). The primary outcome measure was the difference in average score on manual muscle testing (MMT) at baseline and after 6 mo of steroids. A difference of >0.2 was hypothesized to be significant. Secondary outcomes included changes in timed functions, muscular dystrophy‐specific functional‐rating scale score, peak torque, average power, and pulmonary function.ResultsIn the intention‐to‐treat analysis, the mean (SD) change in MMT scores was 0.17 (0.15) and 0.08 (0.10) for the daily and intermittent steroid groups, respectively. The mean difference between the two interventions was 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04–0.16; P = .003), which although significant was less than the predefined value of 0.2. Statistically significantly improvements were observed with daily‐steroid regimen in the Gowers time (P = .01), nine‐metre walk test (P = .02) and average power (P = .02) as compared to intermittent‐steroid regimen. A total of 19/32 (52.8%) children in the daily‐steroid group and 8/29 (27%) children in the intermittent‐steroid group experienced some form of adverse effect (P = .02).DiscussionOver a short‐term period, the intermittent‐steroid regimen was non‐inferior to the daily‐steroid regime in preserving muscle strength among children with DMD. However, better improvement of functional measures was observed with daily‐steroid administration. The frequency of individual side effects was similar between the two groups.
Formulation and implementation of an elastoplastic constitutive model for sand‐fines mixtures
Authors: Sun ZengChun , Chu Jian , Xiao Yang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSand‐fines mixtures are commonly used engineered materials, and their mechanical behavior is significantly affected by density, confining pressure, as well as fines content. Although many laboratory tests have been performed on sand‐fines mixtures, few works have been conducted on its constitutive law. To adequately describe the mechanical behavior of sand with different fines content, a novel elastoplastic constitutive model was developed for sand‐fines mixtures by incorporating an equivalent granular state parameter into Rowe's stress‐dilatancy equation, plastic modulus, and in conjunction with the correlation between the critical state and fines content. Subsequently, the Runge‐Kutta schemes with automatic error control are adopted for the proposed model and implemented in a finite element code. The performance of the fines‐state‐dependent model with the Runge‐Kutta schemes, in terms of accuracy, efficiency and convergence, is verified by analyzing element scale tests and boundary value problems. The comparisons of simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the fines‐state‐dependent model can effectively capture the strain hardening (or softening) and contraction (or dilatancy) behaviors of sand‐fines mixtures under drained conditions. In addition, the key features under undrained conditions, such as flow, limited flow, and non‐flow behaviors can also be reasonably reproduced.
On hybrid convolution quadrature approaches for modeling time‐domain wave problems with broadband frequency content
Authors: Rowbottom Jacob , Chappell David J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe propose two hybrid convolution quadrature based discretizations of the wave equation on interior domains with broadband Neumann boundary data or source terms. The convolution quadrature method transforms the time‐domain wave problem into a series of Helmholtz problems with complex‐valued wavenumbers, in which the boundary data and solutions are connected to those of the original problem through the ‐transform. The hybrid method terminology refers specifically to the use of different approximations of these Helmholtz problems, depending on the frequency. For lower frequencies, we employ the boundary element method, while for more oscillatory problems, we develop two alternative high frequency approximations based on plane wave decompositions of the acoustic field on the boundary. In the first approach, we apply dynamical energy analysis to numerically approximate the plane wave amplitudes. The phases will then be reconstructed using a novel approach based on matching the boundary element solution to the plane wave ansatz in the frequency region where we switch between the low and high frequency methods. The second high frequency method is based on applying the Neumann‐to‐Dirichlet map for plane waves to the given boundary data. Finally, we investigate the effectiveness of both hybrid approaches across a range of numerical experiments.
The full story: Understanding how films affect environmental change through the lens of narrative persuasion
Authors: McCormack Christopher Michael , K. Martin Jennifer , Williams Kathryn J. H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Researchers in conservation fields have recently highlighted the potential for visual storytelling to convey environmental messages to large audiences. However, an effective model for how such narratives can produce environmental outcomes, such as human–nature connection and pro‐environmental behaviour (PEB), has not yet been developed.

Substantial evidence now suggests that narrative is an effective means of changing beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. This effect is demonstrated in diverse disciplines and understood within the theoretical frameworks of narrative persuasion.

We propose a conceptual framework for understanding the impacts of environmental films on environmental behaviours, and connection with nature. Linking insights from the narrative persuasion field with those of conservation psychology, we identify three promising pathways through which environmental films might influence their audiences: (a) reduced resistance to environmental messages, (b) interactions with audience identity and (c) meaningful media experiences.

This analysis raises key questions and illuminates priority areas for future research, with an aim to complement and extend existing calls to better appreciate the role of film in addressing environmental problems. Research moving forward should focus on understanding the role environmental films can play in connecting people with nature, promoting PEB and the relationship between the two. Specifically, more attention should be paid to the role of deictic shift in encouraging environmental outcomes, the relation between audiences and characters and the power for film to support self‐expansion.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Comparing efficacy and side effects of two systemic chemotherapy regimens for eye‐preserving therapy in children with retinoblastoma
Authors: Grümme Lea , Biewald Eva , Reschke Madlen , Fischhuber Karen , Hanbücken Anna , Schlüter Sabrina , Müller Bert , Kiefer Tobias , Göricke Sophia , Geismar Dirk , Ryl Tatsiana , Sirin Selma , Wieland Regina , Timmermann Beate , Lohmann Dietmar , Ebinger Martin , Brecht Ines B. , Schönberger Stefan , Schwab Christoph , Eggert Angelika , Süsskind Daniela , Ritter‐Sovinz Petra , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Ketteler Petra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEye‐preserving therapy in retinoblastoma comprises systemic chemotherapy, but studies analyzing the efficacy of different chemotherapy regimens are scarce.MethodsThe efficacy and side effects of two different eye‐preserving chemotherapy regimens containing either vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin (VEC) or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin (CyVEC) were compared in a prospective non‐interventional observational study including children diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 2013 and 2019 in Germany and Austria. Event‐free eye survival (EFES) and overall eye survival (OES) of all 164 eyes treated with both regimens and risk factors were investigated.ResultsThe EFES after VEC (2‐year EFES 72.3%) was higher than after CyVEC (2‐year EFES 50.4%) (plogrank < .001). The OES did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups (plogrank = .77; 2‐year OES VEC: 82.1% vs. CyVEC: 84.8%). Advanced International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) group was prognostic for a lower EFES (plogrank < .0001; 2‐year EFES ICRB A/B/C 71.3% vs. ICRB D/E 43.0%) and OES (plogrank < .0001; 2‐year OES ICRB A/B/C 93.1% vs. ICRB D/E 61.5%). The multivariate analysis showed that age at diagnosis older than 12 months and ICRB A/B/C were associated with better EFES. No second malignancies or ototoxicities were reported after a follow‐up of median 3.1 years after diagnosis of retinoblastoma (range 0.1–6.9 years).ConclusionsDespite omitting cyclophosphamide, the EFES was higher after VEC chemotherapy that contains higher doses of carboplatin compared to CyVEC. The major risk factor for enucleation was advanced ICRB tumor grouping. Randomized clinical trials on efficacy and side effects of eye‐preserving chemotherapy are required to tailor treatment protocols for retinoblastoma patients.
Severe hypertransaminasemia during mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A pediatric case report and literature review
Authors: Palpacelli Alessandra , Martelli Gaia , Lattanzi Bianca , Volpini Alessandro , Cazzato Salvatore 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionLiver injury during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has a multifactorial pathogenesis and it is frequent in pediatric cases.Case presentationWe report a case with severe hypertransaminasemia associated with mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.ConclusionThis highlights the potential need of hepatic function evaluation during acute illness and follow‐up even in non‐critically ill children with COVID‐19.
Information communication technology use and school belonging in Australian high school students
Authors: McCahey Angela , Allen Kelly‐Ann , Arslan Gokmen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSchool belonging is an important component of adolescent well‐being, yet little is known about its relationship with adolescents' Information Communication Technology (ICT) use. This study aimed to examine the relationship between school belonging and various ICT use types in Australian adolescents. The sample was drawn from 14,530 Australian students in Grade 7 or higher, who completed the 2015 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Program for International Student Assessment survey. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between self‐reported measures of school belonging and ICT use at home for schoolwork and ICT use at home for leisure, adjusting for covariates (age, gender, and economic, social, and cultural status). The regression model accounted for 3% of the variability of sense of school belonging, R2 = 0.03, F(5, 10196) = 60.00, p < .001. After adjusting for covariates, more frequent ICT use at home for schoolwork predicted a higher sense of school belonging. Conversely, more frequent ICT use at home for leisure predicted lower levels of sense of school belonging. The way adolescents engage with ICT is important for a student's sense of school belonging, and the present findings have implications for researchers and psychologists.
Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure prediction in preterm infants less than 32 weeks gestational age suffering from respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Dell'Orto Valentina , Nobile Stefano , Correani Alessio , Marchionni Paolo , Giretti Ilaria , Rondina Clementina , Burattini Ilaria , Palazzi Maria L. , Carnielli Virgilio P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surfactant replacement are effective treatments for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). CPAP is the first line in preterm infants needing respiratory support, with surfactant replacement in case of CPAP failure (CPAP‐F).ObjectivesTo analyze incidence and factors associated with CPAP‐F in preterm infants with RDS.Design, Setting and PatientsSingle‐center retrospective database analysis (2004–2017) of inborn infants, gestational age (GA) 24 + 0/7–31 + 6/7 weeks, not intubated on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, managed with CPAP. CPAP‐F was defined as intubation and surfactant administration in the first 72 h of life; CPAP success (CPAP‐S) was CPAP alone without need for additional RDS treatments. Demographic, respiratory, and clinical data associated with CPAP‐F were studied using logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 562 infants met the inclusion criteria: 252 (44.8%) were CPAP‐F and 310 (55.2%) were CPAP‐S. The CPAP‐F, compared to CPAP‐S group, had lower GA and birth weight, and were less likely to receive antenatal steroids or to be vaginal births. Logistic regression showed that the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≥ 0.23 between 180 and 240 min of life (FiO2 180–240 min) was the strongest factor associated with CPAP‐F (odds ratio: 16.01 [95% confidence interval: 10.34–24.81]).ConclusionFiO2 180–240 min was highly predictive of CPAP‐F in preterm infants. With this model for surfactant administration/CPAP‐F, 11.2% of infants would have unnecessarily received treatment, but importantly, 27.7% would have been treated much earlier, with a potential reduction in air leaks and duration of mechanical ventilation.
Structural characterization of Chemical Weapons Convention‐related phosphonoselenoates by electron ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Esmaeil , Mousavi Faraz Sajjad , Naseri Mohammad Taghi , Ashrafi Davood , Saeidian Hamid 
Published: October 2021

RationaleOrganophosphorus compounds with phosphorus atom bonded to one methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso) group are listed in Schedule 2 of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Selenophosphorus compounds, listed in Schedule 2.B.4, have very limited representation in mass spectral libraries and the open literature.MethodsMembers of a new category of selenophosphorus compounds were prepared via microsynthetic protocols and their fragmentation pathways were investigated using electron ionization (EI) and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. The EI and ESI fragmentation pathways were suggested and supported by acquired fragment ions of deuterated analogs and density functional theory calculations.ResultsMass spectrometric investigations showed some interesting fragmentation pathways, such as McLafferty‐type, selenono–selenolo rearrangements, intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction and α‐cleavage.ConclusionsEfficient microsynthesis was conducted, and EI‐MS spectra and ESI‐MS/MS spectra of a series of selenophosphorus compounds were collected and studied with the purpose of identifying CWC‐related chemicals during on‐site inspection and/or off‐site analysis.