bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le travail de soutien à domicile en zone grise : étude de cas du système d’allocation
directe Chèque Emploi-Service
Authors: Hamel-Roy Laurence 
Published: March 2021

Le système Chèque emploi-service (CES) est un mode de prestation de services de
soutien à domicile de type « allocation directe » mis en place au Québec en 1996 afin de
répondre aux revendications des personnes en situation de handicap et dont l’usage a depuis
été largement étendu, principalement auprès des personnes âgées. Inspiré des différents
modèles de type « cash-for-care », le CES permet un plus grand contrôle aux usager.ère.s et
une personnalisation de leurs services, mais aussi d’importantes économies à l’État
québécois. Notre étude de cas révèle que ces économies reposent entre autres sur le travail
gratuit des personnes qui sont embauchées. Trois dynamiques concourent à ce phénomène : 1)
la déqualification du secteur des services de soutien à domicile, 2) la dérégulation de la
relation d’emploi induite par l’allocation directe, et 3) la succession de compressions
budgétaires et de réduction de services. Cet article démontre que la confluence de ces trois
dynamiques a pour effet de faire apparaître une « zone grise de l’emploi », c’est-à-dire un
espace d’incertitude et d’arbitraire à l’intérieur duquel sont renégociées les conditions de
travail et de rémunération. Le travail effectué gratuitement par les travailleuses apparaît
alors tributaire des rapports de pouvoir et de dépendance qui se nouent entre elles et les
usager.ère.s qui les emploient.
Organiser dans la marge : stratégies du Centre des travailleurs et travailleuses immigrants (CTI) et du Workers Action Centre (WAC)
Authors: Yoon Cheolki 
Published: March 2021

Face à la précarisation du travail et à l’affaiblissement des socles de l’action collective, de nouvelles stratégies sont développées par des organisations variées, et l’expansion des centres des travailleurs (worker centres) s’inscrit dans ces innovations des mouvements des travailleurs. Dans ce contexte, la présente recherche se propose d’analyser les principaux axes stratégiques mis en place par deux centres canadiens, le Centre des travailleurs et travailleuses immigrants et le Workers Action Centre. Plus concrètement, la recherche vise à identifier les axes stratégiques déployés suivant quatre dimensions : 1) les dynamiques intraorganisationnelles et celles touchant les populations cibles ; 2) les dynamiques interorganisationnelles et relatives aux réseaux ; 3) les dynamiques se rapportant aux employeurs et entreprises ; et 4) les dynamiques se rapportant aux instances gouvernementales et au grand public. Selon les résultats de recherche, les stratégies des deux centres canadiens présentent des similarités prédominantes, et les stratégies s’inscrivant dans la première dimension priment sur les autres. Comparativement aux worker centres étatsuniens, leurs stratégies apparaissent globalement conformes au modèle décrit dans la littérature, mais celles de la troisième dimension prennent une place plus restreinte dans les pratiques des centres canadiens.
Des associations de travailleuses aux stratégies de résistance : le point de vue des travailleuses domestiques rémunérées à Lima
Authors: Fauvel Mylène 
Published: March 2021

Le travail domestique rémunéré ne peut être pensé sans aborder la division sexuelle, raciale et internationale du travail tout comme les dynamiques de pouvoir qui s’y matérialisent. En ce sens, cet article s’intéresse, d’un point de vue microsociologique, aux communications entre les travailleuses domestiques et leur(s) employeur.e.s et cherche à comprendre comment les travailleuses domestiques peuvent résister aux rapports de domination et d’exploitation qui s’inscrivent dans la relation de travail. On y démontre, en explorant les résultats d’une enquête au sein d’une association de travailleuses domestiques au Pérou, que les travailleuses domestiques mettent en place des stratégies de résistance qui, d’une part, leur permettent de se dégager une marge de manoeuvre pour réduire les effets des rapports de pouvoir et de domination et rendre leur travail plus tenable ; et, d’autre part, maintiennent les apparences de soumission, ce qui leur permet d’éviter les sanctions et de préserver leur relation d’emploi. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article réfléchit au rôle des associations de travailleuses domestiques dans la mise en place de ces stratégies et invite à penser le continuum existant entre des stratégies de résistance individuelle et collective.
Vendor Characteristics, Practices, Microbial Contamination of Fish and Oil Quality in the Street Vending of Deep-fried Fish in Peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya: Case of Kasarani Sub-county
Authors: Simiyu Martha N. , Imungi Jasper K. , Njue Lucy G. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The main objective of the study is to assess the vendor and environmental hygiene, microbial contamination of deep-fried tilapia sold, and the quality of the oil used in the streets of Kasarani sub-county
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Kasarani Sub-county and The University of Nairobi Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Technology laboratory between January 2019 to July 2020.
Methodology: Structured questionnaires, checklists, analytical observations, and market observations were used to collect data from the street vendors. After the collection of the fish samples, microbial analysis of the fish samples was carried out using standard methods for Total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus. The deep-frying oil was sampled for analysis of color and viscosity. Results were evaluated using national standards.
Results: The findings indicated that all the vendors have received a basic education and that all vendors fall under the low-income group. The most contaminated part of the fish by Staphylococcus aureus and total coliforms is the gills. The highest contamination was from Clay city ward (2.46 ± 0.43) while the least contaminated was from the Mwiki ward (1.28 ± 1.17). The total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus concentration are significantly different between wards p (<0.05) as the p-value was 0.003 and 0.043 respectively.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the vending practices carried out are unsanitary. The fish as sold were contaminated with total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus at high levels indicating poor hygiene procedures. The environment is characterized by poor sanitation and hygiene. The oil used for deep frying was characterized by dark color and high viscosity indicating prolonged usage of the same oil. Policies governing street vending and the environment should be reinforced to prevent the occurrence of hazards resulting from street vended fish.
Bio-Tower Application for Improvement of a Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System for Residential Applications–Reduction of Nonpoint Source Pollution by Nitrogen
Authors: Dölle K. , Giarrusso S. 
Published: March 2021

The application of decentralized wastewater treatment system, also known as septic system is very common in suburban and rural areas with no access to centralized sewage treatment plants. Minimizing water pollution and the effects on wildlife and humans is of specific concern in rural and urban areas.
A packed bio-tower addition to a 1000 gallon septic tank was tested under pilot conditions using municipal residential sewage. The septic tank packed bio-tower pilot system is able to reduce the NH3-N influent level of 16.5 mg/l to 24.0 mg/l by 77.3% to 96.7% at influent flow levels between1060 l/d (280 gal/d) and 3997 l/d (1056 gal/d).
Biochemical oxygen demand levels reduction was 97.0% from 280 mg/l to 8.5 mg/l. for a flow rate of 1060 l/d (280 gal/d).
Research showed that a bio-tower addition to a septic system has the potential to improve the systems overall performance.
Study of the Influence of Local Strains of Lactobacillus on the Experimental Model of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kutlieva G. J. , Elova N. A. , Turaeva B. I. , Nurmukhamedova D. K. , Tulaganov B. S. 
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to one of the most important effects of local strains of lactic acid bacteria - the detection of anti-inflammatory action. For this purpose, studies were conducted on an experimental model of ulcerative colitis caused in experimental animals (mice). The data proving that the effect of various probiotic bacteria is unequal are presented. The ability of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in vitro and in vivo systems to influence the production of pro - and anti-inflammatory cytokines, to stimulate antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects have been shown. It is shown that it is necessary to study the specific effect of local lactobacillus strains on anti-inflammatory properties for a more adequate, effective selection of probiotic drugs in the treatment of intestinal ulcers. Data have been presented proving the positive effects of probiotic bacteria on the wound key.
Kinetic Measurements in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Yablonsky Gregory , Fushimi Rebecca , Marin Guy B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is about the experimental determination of the rate of a heterogeneous catalytic reaction and the analysis of kinetic data. In this case, the reaction rate can be defined as the frequency at which the closed sequence of elementary steps transforming reactants into products is occurring.
Development and Validation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Indices Including HandScan (Optical Spectral Transmission) Scores
Authors: Verhoeven Maxime M. A. , Westgeest Antonius A. A. , Schwarting Andreas , Jacobs Johannes W. G. , Heller Caroline , van Laar Jacob M. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , Tekstra Janneke , Triantafyllias Konstantinos , Welsing Paco M. J. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a composite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity index using optical spectral transmission (OST) scores obtained with the HandScan, replacing tender and swollen joint counts.MethodsRA patients from a single center routinely undergoing HandScan measurements with at least 1 concurrent OST score and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) were included. Data were extracted from medical records. Linear regression analyses with the DAS28 as the outcome were performed to create a disease activity index (DAS‐OST). OST score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and patient global assessment (PtGA) visual analog scale (VAS), sex, age, disease duration, and rheumatoid factor status were evaluated as independent variables. Final models were derived based on the statistical significance of coefficients and model fit. Of the data, two‐thirds were used for development and one‐third for validation; external validation was performed in a cohort from another center. Agreement between DAS‐OST and DAS28 was assessed using the Bland‐Altman plot method and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Diagnostic value of the DAS‐OST was determined for established definitions of remission, low disease activity (LDA), and high disease activity (HDA).ResultsData of 3,358 observations from 1,505 unique RA patients were extracted. DAS‐OST was defined as: –0.44 + OST × 0.03 + male × –0.11 + LN(ESR) × 0.77 + PtGA VAS × 0.03. The ICCs between DAS‐OST and DAS28 were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.87–0.90) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.86) and measurement errors were 0.58 and 0.87 in internal and external validation, respectively. Sensitivity for remission, LDA, and HDA was 79%, 91%, and 43%, respectively, and specificity was 92%, 80%, and 96% in external validation.ConclusionUsing the HandScan, RA disease activity can be accurately estimated if combined with ESR, PtGA VAS, and sex into a disease activity index (DAS‐OST).
Economic Evaluation of the Dr. Bart Application in Individuals With Knee and/or Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pelle Tim , Bevers Karen , van den Hoogen Frank , van der Palen Job , van den Ende Cornelia 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost‐utility and cost‐effectiveness of the dr. Bart app compared to usual care in people with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knees and hips, applying a health care payer perspective.MethodsThis economic evaluation was conducted alongside a 6‐month randomized controlled trial that included 427 participants. The dr. Bart app is a stand‐alone eHealth application that invites users to select pre‐formulated goals (i.e., “tiny habits”) and triggers for a healthier lifestyle. Self‐reported outcome measures were health care costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) according to the EuroQol 5‐dimension 3‐level (EQ‐5D‐3L) descriptive system, the EuroQol visual analog scale (QALY VAS), patient activation measure 13 (PAM‐13), and 5 subscales of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score/Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Missing data were multiply imputed, and bootstrapping was used to estimate statistical uncertainty.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of the study participants was 62.1 ± 7.3 years, and the majority of participants were female (72%). Health care costs were lower in the intervention group compared to the group who received usual care (€−22 [95% confidence interval €−36, −3]). For QALY and QALY VAS, the probability of the dr. Bart app being cost‐effective compared to usual care was 0.71 and 0.67, respectively, at a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) of €10,000 and 0.64 and 0.56, respectively, at a WTP of €80.000. For self‐management behavior, symptoms, pain, and activities of daily living, the probability that the dr. Bart app was cost‐effective was >0.82, and the probability that the dr. Bart app was cost‐effective in the areas of activities and quality of life was <0.40, regardless of WTP thresholds.ConclusionThis economic evaluation showed that costs were lower for the dr. Bart app group compared to the group who received usual care. Given the noninvasive nature of the intervention and the moderate probability of it being cost‐effective for the majority of outcomes, the dr. Bart app has the potential to serve as a tool to provide education and goal setting in OA and its treatment options.
High‐Performance Quasi‐Solid‐State Na‐Air Battery via Gel Cathode by Confining Moisture
Authors: Chang Shilei , Hou Minjie , Xu Bowen , Liang Feng , Qiu Xuechao , Yao Yaochun , Qu Tao , Ma Wenhui , Yang Bing , Dai Yongnian , Chen Kunfeng , Xue Dongfeng , Zhao Huaping , Lin Xiaoting , Poon Fanny , Lei Yong , Sun Xueliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRechargeable Na‐air batteries are the subject of great interest because of their high theoretical specific energy density, lower cost, and lower charge potential compared with Li‐air batteries. However, high purity O2 as a working environment is required to achieve high‐performance Na‐air batteries, which obstructs their application as a high‐energy‐density battery. Although aqueous Na‐air batteries can operate in ambient air, long cycle and high safety remain challenges for aqueous Na‐air batteries because the aqueous electrolyte is volatile. Here, a quasi‐solid‐state Na‐air battery is reported by utilizing a gel cathode, which is composed of single‐walled carbon nanotubes and room‐temperature ionic liquids, achieving high safety and long cycling life of 125 cycles (528 h) at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2, which is surprisingly better than that of quasi‐solid‐state NaO2 batteries. In situ XRD characterizations reveal that water in ambient air is gradually deposited on the surface of the gel cathode to form a water layer, which facilitates the generation of soluble discharge product of NaOH thermodynamically with high conductivity. This work shall be critical to develop and promote the practical application of Na‐air batteries, opening a new way to the design of solid‐state metal‐air batteries.
Breaking the Redox Homeostasis: an Albumin‐Based Multifunctional Nanoagent for GSH Depletion‐Assisted Chemo‐/Chemodynamic Combination Therapy
Authors: Liang Kaicheng , Sun Haitao , Yang Zebin , Yu Huizhu , Shen Jie , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Hangrong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRedox homeostasis is vital for cell survival. Nowadays, developing novel nanoagents that can efficiently break the redox homeostasis, which includes improving the reactive oxygen species level while reducing the glutathione (GSH) level, has emerged as a promising but challenging strategy for tumor therapy. In this work, a novel albumin‐based multifunctional nanoagent is developed for GSH‐depletion assisted chemo‐/chemodynamic combination therapy. Briefly, CuO and MnOX are in situ co‐grown inside the albumin molecules through a facile biomineralization process, followed by the conjugation of Pt (IV) prodrug to obtain the final nanoagent. Thereinto, copper species can produce •OH with optimal efficiency under weakly acidic conditions (pH = 6.5), while MnOX can react with GSH, leading to the GSH depletion, which reduces the formation of GSH‐Pt adducts and •OH consumption, thus favoring a better chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy effect, respectively. Significantly, both GSH depletion and •OH generation contributes to the inhibited expression of GPX‐4, which further increases the oxidative stress. Moreover, during the reaction between MnOX and GSH or H2O2, Mn2+ ions are released for MR imaging while O2 is produced for hypoxia relief. It is believed that the proposed strategy can provide a new perspective on effective tumor therapy.
Challenges and Recent Advances in High Capacity Li‐Rich Cathode Materials for High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Wei , Guo Weibin , Wu Hualong , Lin Liang , Liu Qun , Han Xiao , Xie Qingshui , Liu Pengfei , Zheng Hongfei , Wang Laisen , Yu Xiqian , Peng Dong‐Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLi‐rich cathode materials have attracted increasing attention because of their high reversible discharge capacity (>250 mA h g−1), which originates from transition metal (TM) ion redox reactions and unconventional oxygen anion redox reactions. However, many issues need to be addressed before their practical applications, such as their low kinetic properties and inefficient voltage fading. The development of cutting‐edge technologies has led to cognitive advances in theory and offer potential solutions to these problems. Herein, a recent in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms and the frontier electrochemical research progress of Li‐rich cathodes are reviewed. In addition, recent advances associated with various strategies to promote the performance and the development of modification methods are discussed. In particular, excluding Li‐rich Mn‐based (LRM) cathodes, other branches of the Li‐rich cathode materials are also summarized. The consistent pursuit is to obtain energy storage devices with high capacity, reliable practicability, and absolute safety. The recent literature and ongoing efforts in this area are also described, which will create more opportunities and new ideas for the future development of Li‐rich cathode materials.
Direct and Plasmonic Nanoparticle‐Mediated Infrared Neural Stimulation: Comprehensive Computational Modeling and Validation
Authors: Ebtehaj Zahra , Malekmohammad Mohammad , Hatef Ali , Soltanolkotabi Mahmood 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInfrared neural stimulation techniques have potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. There has been little progress in the computational modeling of these techniques and further improvement is needed in this area. In this paper, a comprehensive computational model is presented for simulating the complete mechanism of direct and plasmonic nanoparticle‐mediated infrared neural stimulation techniques in schematic samples of experimental setups. The simulation process involves three phases: 1) Simulating the light transmission and absorption in setups containing pure water or a gold nanorod solution using developed 3D, time‐independent, and time‐dependent Monte Carlo models, 2) calculating the spatiotemporal evolutions of temperature within the setup using the finite difference method and a presented novel method, and 3) simulating the thermally induced responses of lipid membranes using an improved method compared to existing theoretical models. The model is validated by comparing the computational results with existing experimental data. The effect of the laser pulse characteristics, nanofluid properties, and some other related parameters on the thermally induced membrane responses is investigated. The computational results help to optimize the parameters selection and maximize the overall efficiency of the infrared neural stimulation techniques.
All‐Atom Simulations and Free‐Energy Calculations of Antibodies Bound to the Spike Protein of SARS‐CoV‐2: The Binding Strength and Multivalent Hydrogen‐Bond Interactions
Authors: Lee Hwankyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAll‐atom simulations of various antibodies bound to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are performed. Binding free energies calculated from umbrella sampling simulations show the strong binding between SARS‐CoV‐2 RBDs and antibodies, in agreement with recent experiments. Binding strengths of antibodies slightly differ, as further confirmed by calculating solvent accessible surface areas. Polar uncharged residues of RBD more predominantly bind to antibodies than do charged or hydrophobic residues of RBD. In particular, the binding between RBD and antibody is more significantly stabilized by multivalent hydrogen bonds of RBD residues (≈406th–505th) than by locally formed hydrogen bonds of only a few RBD residues (≈417th–487th or ≈487th–505th). Hydrogen‐bond analyses reveal key residues of RBD for strong hydrogen‐bond interactions between RBDs and antibodies, which help in the rational design of vaccine and drug molecules targeting the S protein of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Strong Interaction between Cyclo[18]Carbon and Graphene
Authors: Chen Jialu L. , Zhang Ruiqin Q. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe recent observation of cyclo[18]carbon by atomic force microscopy has attracted wide interest. Its electronic structures, adsorption of small molecules, π–π stacking interaction, and doping properties have been studied by theoretical calculations. Interaction of cyclo[18]carbon with another allotrope graphene will be worthwhile for understanding weak interaction. Some researchers have performed the adsorption energy calculations of the carbon ring on graphene but obtained an incorrect structure. Therefore, accurate calculations for the system are still necessary. In the work, the system is optimized with periodic and nonperiodic methods. Additionally, several wavefunction analyses and molecular dynamics simulations are also performed for the system. Large adsorption energy is ensured, and graphene can be used to isolate C18 molecules.
Quantifying the time‐specific kinetic energy of simulated rainfall using a dynamic rain gauge system
Authors: Wacha Kenneth M. , Huang Chi‐hua , O'Brien Peter L. , Papanicolaou Athanasios N. , Hatfield Jerry L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRaindrop impact derives from the kinetic energy of falling raindrops. Determining the kinetic energy of rainfall requires the size distribution and terminal velocity of raindrops, which necessitates complex instrumentation. To avoid this, empirical relations have been developed that relate rainfall intensity and the rate of kinetic energy, i.e., time‐specific kinetic energy (KEtime). In this study, a dynamic rain gauge system (DRGS) was used to quantify the KEtime generated by a rainfall simulator without need of measuring raindrop size distributions or impact velocities. In a series of 10 rainfall tests, the KEtime and rainfall intensity were 860.9 (±88.6) J m2 h−1 and 72.1 (±1.9) mm h−1, respectively. Estimated KEtime was found to agree well with the power‐law relation presented by Petrů and Kalibová for high‐intensity simulated rainfall, which are the conditions when higher deviations occur. The DRGS may be a useful tool in quantifying the KEtime of rainfall simulators in hopes to better understand raindrop impact mechanisms.