bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of calibration of surface contamination monitors with Brazilian Network – 2018/2019
Authors: Cabral TS , Laranjeira A S , Potiens MPA , Soares CMA , Khoury H , Saito V , David M. , Vidal L.C. , Pires MA 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work reports the results obtained from the comparison involving 7 laboratories in Brazil. This exercise is about the calibration service of surface contamination monitors. The monitor has been calibrated to BS ISO 7503-3, the calibration factor in terms of surface emission rate. The comparison was conducted by the Brazilian National Laboratory of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (LNMRI / IRD) from October 2018 to July 2019. The extensive sources used were 14C, 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr/90Y, 36Cl and 241Am. The result of this proficiency test was excellent and proved the calibration capacity of the Brazilian network in the calibration service for surface contamination monitors.
Dosimetric characterization of 3D printed for 137Cs gamma rays
Authors: Almeida J.S. , Villani D. , Potiens M.P.A. , Willegaigon J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim this paper is characterize materials for 3D printed with different infill percentages for 137Cs gamma rays. The RAISE 3D PRO2 printer was used to print PLA and ABS plates. Using a 137Cs source, the attenuation coefficient was obtained by the transmission method and results compared with PMMA. The readings were performed by a Radcal ionization chamber, model 10X6-6. The results of attenuation coefficients show that the PLA filament demonstrated a equivalent behavior to PMMA. The PLA plates exhibits an increase in radiation transmission when reduces the infilling, and ABS printing achieved same results for all infills.
Quality control measurements for mobile X-ray unit through a solid state detector
Authors: Silva Gustavo Bernardes da , Mariotti Vinicius , Peixoto Matheus Silveira de Almeida , Pianoschi Thatiane , Alva-S´anchez Mirko S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tests of quality control for equipments used in radiology departments are essential both functionality of the equipment and for accuracy dose in the patient. The mobile digital x-ray equipment has as one of its main benefits its mobility, which allows the carrying out of examinations in the patient’s bed that has certain physical limitations. It should be taken into account, however, that hospital beds were not normally designed with the necessary details to protect the radiological environment from where radiography procedures are performed. Therefore, the need for an efficient quality control of the equipment is justified, the preliminary measurements of the present work were based on ANVISA’s guide 453 from Brazil, regarding conventional radiography equipment. Thus, some quality control tests were determined using the solid state dosimeter. For the accomplishment of this study, the tests of tube voltage accuracy and reproducibility, half valuelayer (HVL) and effective energy, air kerma and air kerma rate were performed, with their associated errors calculated. The tests were performed with the aid of the black piranha apparatus to obtain the values of tension, dose and HVL. The obtained results from the performance of each test showed that all are in agreement withthe ANVISA’s guide 453 recommendation, and could be applied in a possible development of a quality control guide specific to the characteristics of a mobile radiograph.
Response of luminance meters used for radiodiagnostic applications
Authors: Garcia I , Navarro M , Macêdo E , Jesus D , Leite H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the responses of the different luminance meters for a range of applications, with the purpose of quality control in radiodiagnosis (170 a 3500 cd/m2 with white light source). Materials and methods: Were evaluated the calibration factors of 48 luminance meters, distributed in 10 different models for the point of 1000 cd/m2 in 5500K. Results: The sample mean values of Piranha - 657 light probe, Ray Safe - Xi and X2 and Unfors - Light-O-Meter P10 meters, presented greater accuracy (spectral sensitivity f1 < 3% and total error fges < 7,5%, according to the classification of DIN 5032-7 standard) and the sample of Fluke/Nuclear of Associates - 07-621 presented a difference of 34.6% in relation to the reference value with statistical significance. Conclusion: This study showed that for 48 equipments studied, the mean values of the calibration factors of 6 of the 10 models evaluated (which represents 62.4% of the total number of the sample) are convergent to the corrected reference value and/or within the range of ± 4.5% of uncertainty.
Evaluation of the influence on the variation of the mixture of sand, cement and barium sulphate in the ionizing radiation attenuation result
Authors: Sousa CHS , Vasconcelos RM , Araújo GS , Filho LGP , Azevedo RG , Balthar MCV , Silva AC , Peixoto JGP 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Barred mortar is widely used as attenuating barriers for its ease of application and efficiency in attenuating photons. This work presents the evaluation of four different mixtures, aiming at the best use of the product, ensuring the specifications of the barrier thickness required for radioprotection, as well as determining the value of the semiconductor layers of the different traces and attenuation curves. Four molds with different percentages of sand, cement and barite were manipulated. They are then exposed to 70 kVp and 120 kVp X-ray beams, and the air kerma (k) is measured. These values were compared with the specifications for semiconductor and decoder layers by checking the influence of each component of the composition. In conclusion, the physical characteristics of the tests are presented, proving that the handling of the mortar trace does not compromise the safety of the radiative installation.
A leapfrogging technique to materialize long traceable reference distances for EDM calibration
Authors: Savedra Junior G C , Porath M C , Eger J S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Periodic calibration of electronic distance meters is required to assess measurement errors and ensure metrological traceability. The high cost of reference measurement systems has been a barrier for the broader availability of calibration services. A method based on a short length standard and a leapfrogging technique to materialize traceable reference distances is proposed. A 50 m distance could be materialized with an expanded uncertainty of 0.0028 m using a simple prototype. Improving the mechanical design of the prototype may reduce uncertainty significantly.
Automatic calibration with character recognition software
Authors: Taccola G M , Saita M T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work presents the development and implementation of a character recognition software of digital displays with serial communication for the automation of the readings, registry and transcription of measurement instrument’s indications during calibrations. The software proved to be flexible, allowing calibrations with automatic registry, reducing transcription errors, improving the work conditions and organizing the registers, besides allow remote calibrations.
Evaluation of the impact of initial temperature of the constant volume combustion chamber on a determination of ignition delay of N-heptane
Authors: Lima Monizi C. , Oliveira Jackson S. , Nunes Carlos S. , Simões Paulo L. F. , Couto Paulo Roberto. G. , Magalhaes Marcelo Ricardo , Silva Walmir Sergio da , Siqueira José Gabriel S.A. , Batista Luciano N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Several methods have been applied to determine the ignition delays as so the cetane number of fuels including the shock tube, rapid machine compression (RMC), Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR). In the last decades, the constant-volume combustion chamber system designed to measure ignition delay of low-volatility fuels were developed. The purpose of this article was analysed the behavior of the combustion and ignition delay of the n-heptane obtained in Fuel Ignition Tester (FIT). The N-heptane is the primary reference fuel for determination of ignition delays. The preliminary results are important because small temperature changes can generate wrong results of ignition delay.
Automatic system for locating magnetic foreign bodies using GMI magnetometer
Authors: de Oliveira Bryan R. C. , Louzada Daniel R. , Monteiro Elisabeth Costa , Hall Barbosa Carlos R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of systems capable of characterizing the positioning and inclination of metallic objects inside the human body is seen with great interest by health professionals who are responsible for their extraction. A surgical procedure can be shortened from a few hours to minutes with a system that provides accurate positioning data. Thus, the present work aims at the construction of a measurement system of magnetic fields originated by ferromagnetic objects, based on magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensors. The developed system is capable of positioning a ferromagnetic object to be measured with 5 degrees of freedom, being 3 linear (X, Y, Z) and 2 angular (θ, Φ), and measure the magnetic flux density of this source in an automated way. Three tests were performed with a steel needle, varying the angles of inclination to the measurement plane (θ) and rotation angles in the same plane (Φ). The obtained results yieded records of the magnetic patterns formed by the needle, which can be later processed in order to create a localization software.
Electromagnetic Interference assessment of small electronic devices with a TEM cell
Authors: Angelo J H , Dias M S , Pereira Filho M L , Junior A F G F , Janiszewski J M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Electromagnetic Compatibility deserves an increasing interest because as modern industry 4.0 searches for better results in productivity and efficiency, it is expected the presence of an increasingly number of more complex electronic devices, including portable devices. This paper shows how a TEM cell allows analyzing the effects of Electromagnetic Interference, in an easy way and at small cost, during the development phase of the product.
Improvements in AC-DC voltage transfer at Inmetro
Authors: Geronymo Gean Marcos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present the development of a second set of thermal converters, coaxial resistors and micropotentiometers, used as standard for AC-DC voltage transfer. The new set was fully characterized for AC-DC voltage transfer by step-up and step-down procedures, starting from one PTB calibrated thermal converter. An internal comparison was made between this new set of standards and the main set of standards and the results obtained are consistent.
High pollutant levels of produced water around Al-Ahdab oil field in Wasit governorate (Iraq)
Authors: Hammod N M , Al-Janabi K W S. , Hasan S A , Al-Garawi Z S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Exploration activities of the oil and gas industry generate loads of formation water called produced water (PW) up to thousands of tons each day. Depending on the geographic area, formation depth, oil production techniques, and age of oil supply wells, PW from different oil fields contain different chemical compositions. Currently, PW is also known as industrial waste water containing heavy metals that are toxic to humans and the environment, requiring special processing so that they can be disposed of in the environment. To determine the heavy metals content in PW from the Al-Ahdab oil field (AOF), the Ministry of Science and Technology/Agricultural Research Department determined some parameters including the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Pd, and Ni using instrument inductively couple plasma (ICP-OES). Results of this study showed high concentrations of Cd (0.51-2.05, Cr (0.06-1.81), Co (0.11-0.72), Ni (0.12-0.22) and Pb (5.52-20.6) in the AOF compared to concentrations in water bodies about 16 km outside the field; Cd (0.01-0.32), Cr (0.01-0.11), Co (0.03-0.18), Ni (0.02-0.11) and Pb (0.04-1.73). These findings indicate there are increased levels of pollutants in the PW within the AOF of the Main Outfall Drain (MOD). The PW could not be as a source of drinking water and other daily activities, including fisheries and crop planting, unless advanced treatment, to remove the heavy metal content.
Synthesis, identification of some new derivatives of 4-amino antipyrine bearing six and seven membered rings
Authors: Alsahib S A , Baqer S R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Synthesis of a series of various 4-amino antipyrine derivatives containing 1,3-thiazinan-4-one, 1,3-oxazinan-6-one, and 1,3-oxazepin-4,7-dione in its structure. These derivatives were obtainedviacycloaddition of the methenamine group in Schiff base analog of 4-amino antipyrine with 3-mercaptopropanoic acid, 3-chloropropanoic acid, maleic and citraconic anhydride, respectively. The Schiff bases were prepared in excellent yields by condensation of 4-amino antipyrine with 3-nitro- or 3-bromobenzaldehyde inn-butanol. We characterize the desired products by C.H.N.S analysis, FT-IR, and 1HNMR spectroscopy.
Bioaccumulation of (Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, and Co) from Al-Rustomia wastewater using A. filiculoids
Authors: Rezooqi A M , Atiyah A H , Mugheir H S , Mouhamad S R S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to apply phytoremediation technology in removing pollutants from wastewater in an attempt to use it as a tool in the subsequent reuse of the produced water. This technology considered one of the promising technologies, as it is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and not selective of removing pollutants. The experiment was conducted in Al-Twitha location (IAEE). Six glass tubs with (30×30×30) cm dimension and 27 L capacity each of which were filled with sewage water that brought from Al-Rustomia sewage plant after primary treatment stage bowl. The other three (control) were filled with tap water, 100g of Azolla which brought from Al-Chibayish Marsh in the south of Iraq, was equally distributed into six tubs, after 28 days the plants were harvested. the results of accumulated minerals showed a high accumulation of (Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, Co) and they were (60, 57, 24, 74, 9, 63) % respectively over the first couple of weeks. while in the next two weeks, minerals accumulation were (172, 73, 65, 126, 36, 97) % respectively. The results showed that the
A. filiculoids
can reduce the amounts of accumulated heavy metals from Al-Rustomya wastewater.
Used central composite chemometric method to adsorption gentian violet dye by nano activated charcoal
Authors: Halboos M H , Hussein B J , Sayhood A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper; a modern method was used to remove the Gentian violet dye (GV) from its aqueous solutions by chemometric separation. The Nano charcoal activated (NCA) was used to remove the GV, and the factors affecting the adsorption process were studied simultaneously to reduce the number of experiments followed and to rely on a central composite design which type CCD and the method of response surface by used STATISTICA 12 program. That gives the relationship between all the variables simultaneously. It was found that, the optimum removal efficiency reached 98.042% and it was obtained under the following conditions; The initial concentration of (GV) 12.086 mg/L, Amount of Nano charcoal activated 0.371 g, pH 7.567, Shaking time 22.934 min, and Temperature 312.092 K.
Studies the interactions of ascorbic acid isoforms with a simple model of DPPC monolayer as a biomimetic membrane by Langmuir-Blodgett technique
Authors: Qassime M M , Mohammed M T , Travkova O G , Glukhovskoy E G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There is ongoing interest motivated by the desire regarding monolayer to understand the nature of interaction forces within oriented structures. Monolayer of phospholipids dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC were examined mainly because they are accepted as membrane model system and can offer a stable frame to investigate the interactions of various biomolecules and biomaterial compounds with the lipid membrane. Identifying the monolayer behavior in the presence of ascorbic acid (AscA) isoforms and if this isoforms could alter packing and organizing the thin film. By Langmuir-Blodgett technique, the DPPC monolayer were studied in absence and presence of (Conc.: 10−3M, 10−2M and 10−1M) L- and D- AscA isoforms in water (subphase) at temperatures 25, 37 and 41°C and fixed pH=7. It’s ascertained in this study that, the subphase with L- and D-AscA addition created a fixed monolayer at 25°C, while at high temperature 41°C causes alteration in DPPC monolayer to somewhat less densely pack especially L-AscA this is for instance disclosed by left-area shifted of the DPPC monolayer curve shape. The Langmuir monolayer studies revealed that AscA isoforms interrupt the DPPC monolayer during its formation, leads to make the variations in such monolayers properties. This work demonstrates that AscA addition in subphase has applied promising significant disturbing in monolayer play an essential role in biomimetic membrane.
Evaluation of Liver Function and Lipid profiles in Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Khadim R M , Al-Fartusie F S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with a destructive pattern that affects the joints. It affects the synovial lining tissue of the joints. Females develop rheumatoid arthritis at a higher risk than males. The main treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agents (DMARD) such as methotrexate (MTX) and Etanercept. In this study, ESR, CRP, liver function enzymes, renal function tests and lipid profile were evaluated for rheumatoid arthritis patients. The study includes 120 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 60 healthy individuals as a control group with an age range between (20-60) years. The obtained results indicated a significant increase in ESR, CRP activity (p <0.01) in patients compared to the control values. The results also indicated a substantial increase in liver enzymes activity, renal function and lipid profile parameters in rheumatoid arthritis compared to the control values. In conclusion, it appears that DMARD treatment such as methotrexate may be the cause of many complications such as renal impairment. On this basis, we can suggest lowering the weekly dose of methotrexate to patients when effects on liver enzymes activity, renal function, lipid profiles and/or changing treatment when MTX is no longer beneficial.
Evaluation of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc levels and studying their toxic effect in sera of private electrical generator workers
Authors: Al_Saadi M R , Al-Fartusie F S , Thani M Z 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
According to the electricity crisis in Iraq since 1991, private electrical generators have installed randomly in nearly every neighbourhoods of all Iraqi cities. This represents a dangerous and uncontrollable environment that may lead to an environmental disaster. The aim of this work is to assess the serum levels of certain elements including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) and their health effect. This study included individuals working with electrical generators (n=60) and healthy (n=60) as control group, their ages ranged from 18 to 45 years. The obtained results indicate a significant increase (p <0.01) in the Pb, Cd, Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio, in contrast to the significant decrease in the Zn level of the workers who exposed to the generator’s diesel exhaust fumes compared to the control group. A number of health issues such as allergies, shortness of breath, eye irritation, colds and some other respiratory problems were also recorded for exposed workers. From these results it can be concluded that direct exposure to the exhaust fumes of private generators could lead to heavy metals poisoning, especially Pb and Cd, which can lead to serious health consequences in particularly, the workers with long-term exposure. In addition, it can lead to an increased oxidative stress disorders that caused by disturbances in Cu and Zn levels.
Polyaniline doping with nanoparticles: A review on the potential of electrical properties
Authors: Al-Obaidi N S , Al-Garawi Z S , Al-Mahdawi A S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring this decade, there is a growing interest of the conducting polymers owing to their exceptional and outstanding electrical properties which makes them potentially applicable in a wide range such as electrochromic displays electronic devices, modified electrodes, chemical and bio-sensors. Here we aimed to examine the reported polyaniline doping (PANI) with graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) by insitu polymerization. The molecular structure of PANI and its composites was characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction and their morphologies described by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Previous results showed that the strength of composite peaks was higher than pure PANI due to charge transfer between PANI and graphic allotropes, and the aniline molecules have been physically adsorbed and polymerized on the surface of GO and CNT due to the interaction of p – p * electron. PANI describes a multi-diameter external layer of composites depending on the PANI degree of deposition, where the core GO and CNT participate. The conductivity calculation explained that 0.1 wt % of PANI with CO matrix has conductivity 17 folds higher than that without GO.
A Review on nanoparticles as a promising approach to improving diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alkazazz F F , Taher Z A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease condition that causes multiple complications in various organs such as kidney, reproductive system, and liver. It is mainly characterized by high blood glucose, insulin secretion deficiency or insulin resistance. In conventional diabetes, medications of insulin production and increased insulin sensitivity usually cause undesirable side effects and lead to poor adherence and therapy failure. In addition to insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, there are different healthy ways to treat diabetes. Nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, selenium (Se) NPs, magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs, Copper (Cu) NPs, and cerium oxide (CeO2) NPs play an important role in controlling diabetes. The results reviewed here presented antidiabetic activity of CeO2 NPs, Se NPs, ZnO NPs, Cu NPs, and MgO NPs with fewer side effects when compared to antioxidant enzymes, glucose use, or increased insulin sensitivity, as these showed complications with diabetes.
Metformin compounds: A review on the importance and the possible applications
Authors: Ismail A H , Al-Garawi Z S , Al-Shamari K , Salman A T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Metformin is a particular compound able to coordinate metal ions and form complexes with Schiff bases that have unique properties and high stability, for a wide range of applications. This review describes and discusses organic and inorganic several reactions of synthesis of metformin complexes that coordinate some metal ions such as Ni, Co, Nd, Cr, Cu. These synthesis methods of metformin complexes are shown by the published results and characterization analyses. In medicine and pharmacy, these complexes are commonly applied and have shown a positive reaction in the fields. These complexes have been recommended to lower blood glucose levels and suggested as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-leukemia compounds, and some have been used against leukemia. It has also been documented that the addition of specific ligands to metformin has also improved metformin’s pharmacokinetic activity. Therefore, the preparation of many of the Schiff bases and complexes of metformin, such as [Nd (III) metformin Schiff Base, Co(TMP)(MET)(H2O)Cl2], [Ni(TMP)(MET)(H2O)Cl2, grapheneoxide-metformin-nickel, tetrachloro (metfo-rmin) platinum (IV) dimethyl, Cr(III)-2Mfn. HCl and others are described and discussed here. These complexes have the potential to be used for some biological activities, in addition to their potent as a catalyst of the carbon-carbon coupling reaction.