bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Reduced School Exposure on Adolescent Health Behaviors and Food Security: Evidence From 4‐Day School Weeks
Authors: Tomayko Emily J. , Thompson Paul N. , Smith Madeleine C. , Gunter Katherine B. , Schuna John M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFour‐day school week (FDSW) use has increased substantially among US districts in recent years, but limited data exist on health impacts of this school schedule. This study examined associations of reduced school exposure via FDSWs with adolescent health and risk behaviors, obesity, and food security.METHODSSelf‐report data from 8th‐ and 11th‐grade students from the Oregon Healthy Teens survey across 5 survey years (odd years 2007‐2015, total N = 91,860‐104,108 respondents depending on the survey question) were linked to a FDSW indicator. Regression analyses controlling for student and school characteristics compared outcomes between students in 4‐ and 5‐day schools overall (without school fixed effects) and outcomes associated with switching to a FDSW (with school fixed effects).RESULTSWhen controlling for multiple student‐ and school‐level factors, we observed adolescents in FDSW schools report they consume sugar sweetened beverages more frequently and water less frequently, have access to fewer days of physical education, are more likely to be food insecure, and are more likely to report the use of any drugs and specifically marijuana than 5‐day school week students.CONCLUSIONSLimiting exposure to the school environment via FDSWs may impact adolescent health behaviors, including diet, physical activity, and drug use.
Right to Information for People with Intellectual Disability in Australian Mental Health Policy
Authors: Newman Bronwyn , Fisher Karen R , Trollor Julian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability do not have adequate access to mental health services and have worse mental health outcomes than the broader community. Access to information about mental health, treatment, and services has been advocated as one strategy to address these inequities. This article presents findings from a policy analysis of how the right to accessible information is represented in Australian mental health policy, with a focus on information access for people with intellectual disability.MethodAn analysis of Australian and New South Wales state policies relevant to mental health services 2007–2017, in current use and available online (49 documents) was conducted. Principles in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability 2006 and an integrated health literacy framework were used to frame a content analysis. NVivo 11 (QSR 2015) was used to search the policy documents and themes were identified according to the policy type and purpose.FindingsThe right to information is expressed in Australian and New South Wales state policy documents. However, the mental health policies do not refer to the communication needs of people with intellectual disability or incorporate strategies to address their needs. Many of the mental health policy directives incorporate the need for tailored communication. Some documents mention the needs of other groups of people with specific communication needs, but not people with intellectual disability.ImplicationsThe inconsistency between the right to information expressed in policies and processes to communicate information with people who have intellectual disability needs to be addressed. The longstanding disparities in health outcomes, and difficulties accessing mental health service experienced by many people with intellectual disability underline the pressing need for policy to require accessible information practices.
Assessment of preoperative and postoperative l‐lactatemia and clinical outcomes in goats undergoing tube cystostomy: A retrospective study of 34 cases (2015‐2020)
Authors: Kretsch Cileah M. , Chigerwe Munashe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundUrolithiasis in small ruminants has a poor long‐term prognosis, and long‐term clinical outcomes are variable and unpredictable.ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of preoperative and postoperative blood l‐lactate concentrations in predicting a negative outcome in goats undergoing tube cystostomy.AnimalsThirty‐four male goats undergoing tube cystostomy.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records of goats undergoing tube cystostomy from 2015 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical variables recorded included signalment, procedures before surgery, urolith location and type, duration of hospitalization, and heart rate. PCV, plasma total protein, potassium, preoperative and postoperative blood l‐lactate concentrations, preoperative and postoperative creatinine concentrations, and relative changes in blood l‐lactate and creatinine concentrations over time were measured using heparinized blood. A negative outcome was defined as death or euthanasia from urolithiasis complications at 6 months after discharge. Negative outcomes as a function of independent clinical variables were evaluated using χ2or Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression.P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsMedian (95% confidence interval) preoperative, postoperative, and the relative change over time of blood l‐lactate concentrations were 3.3 mmol/L (2.2, 4.8), 1.0 mmol/L (0.7, 1.3), and 0.4 mmol/L (−3.5, 3.2), respectively. Preoperative (P = 1), postoperative (P = .14), and the relative change over time (P = .63) of blood l‐lactate concentrations were not significant predictors of a negative outcome. Furthermore, all other clinical variables measured were not significant predictors of a negative outcome (P > .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVeterinarians should advise clients that clinical outcomes after tube cystostomy in goats are likely unpredictable.
Anticoagulant profile of subcutaneous enoxaparin in healthy dogs
Authors: Frum Julianna , Havill Katie , Andrews Caroline , Langston Cory , Brooks Marjory B. , Archer Todd , Mackin Andrew , Thomason John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur study objective was to identify a subcutaneous enoxaparin dosage that provided a consistent anticoagulant intensity in dogs. Our hypotheses were that a dose of 0.8 mg/kg would provide inconsistent anticoagulation, a higher dose would provide consistent anticoagulation over a greater duration of time, and viscoelastometry would effectively monitor the anticoagulant status. Six healthy dogs received two subcutaneous enoxaparin doses (0.8 and 2 mg/kg) for anti‐Xa activity determinations and pharmacokinetic modeling. Based on calculations derived from these results, 1.3 mg/kg, SC, q8 h was administered for seven doses. Target ranges for anticoagulant intensity were defined as anti‐Xa activity of 0.5–1 U/ml, and change from baseline of two viscoelastometric parameters: activated clotting time (ΔACT; ≥40 s), and clot rate (CRpost; ≤20 U/min). Following an initial injection at 1.3 mg/kg, anti‐Xa activity of 5/6 dogs reached or exceeded the target range. Following the final dose, anti‐Xa activity reached or exceeded the target range in all dogs, and ΔACT and CRpost values exceeded target for 2–6 and 4–12 h, respectively. At an enoxaparin dosage of 1.3 mg/kg, SC, q8 h, anti‐Xa activity was consistently above the minimum threshold of the target range; however, the safety of this dosage remains to be determined.
Equally weighted multivariate optimization of feeding rate for sub‐yearling great sturgeon (Huso huso) using desirability function model
Authors: Mani Amir , Ebrahimi Eisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to a lack of accurate information for appropriate sturgeon nutrition management, this study was conducted to determine the optimum feeding rate for sub‐yearling great sturgeons (Huso huso) with an average initial weight of 94.01 ± 4.36 g using the desirability function model. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days after acclimatization. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six different feeding rates (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% of body weight day−1) and three replicates for each feeding level. Daily diet of each experimental tank was divided into three different meals. The average water flow rate for each experimental tank was 1.5 L min−1 and the water temperature was adjusted to 22.7 ± 1.1.4 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on multivariate optimization of feeding rate based on both specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio by the desirability function model. Obtained results indicate that optimum specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and economic efficiency for sub‐yearling great sturgeons with a weight range of 94.01 ± 4.36 g up to 350.25 ± 13.18 g occurred at a feeding rate of 1.89% body weight day−1.
Nicotiana benthamiana asparagine synthetase associates with IP‐L and confers resistance against tobacco mosaic virus via the asparagine‐induced salicylic acid signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Changyun , Tian Shaorui , Lv Xing , Pu Yundan , Peng Haoran , Fan Guangjin , Ma Xiaozhou , Ma Lisong , Sun Xianchao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAsparagine synthetase is a key enzyme that catalyses the conversion of amide groups from glutamine or ammonium to aspartate, which leads to the generation of asparagine. However, the role of asparagine synthetase in plant immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a Nicotiana benthamiana asparagine synthetase B (NbAS‐B) that associates with tomato mosaic virus coat protein‐interacting protein L (IP‐L) using the yeast two‐hybrid assay and examined its role in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance. The association of IP‐L with NbAS‐B was further confirmed by in vivo co‐immunoprecipitation, luciferase complementation imaging, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. IP‐L and NbAS‐B interact in the nucleus and cytosol and IP‐L apparently stabilizes NbAS‐B, thus enhancing its accumulation. The expressions of IP‐L and NbAS‐B are continuously induced on TMV‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) infection. Co‐silencing of IP‐L and NbAS‐B facilitates TMV‐GFP infection. Overexpression of NbAS‐B in tobacco reduces TMV‐GFP infection by significantly improving the synthesis of asparagine. Furthermore, the external application of asparagine significantly inhibits the infection of TMV‐GFP by activating the salicylic acid signalling pathway. These findings hold the potential for the future application of asparagine in the control of TMV.
Autonomic manifestations in autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Takamatsu Koutaro , Nakane Shunya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutoimmune encephalitis represented by anti‐NMDA receptor antibody positive encephalitis is a type of nonherpetic limbic encephalitis, and it is well known that emotional and memory disorders manifest as limbic symptoms. However, it should be noted that autonomic dysfunction is also an important symptom of limbic system dysfunction. Autonomic manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis include not only general physical symptoms such as high fever, sweating, and bladder and rectal disorders, but also life‐threatening symptoms such as large fluctuations in blood pressure and pulse, and central apnea, which require treatment in the intensive care unit. This review outlines autoimmune encephalitis with autonomic symptoms and summarizes reports on each antibody that causes autoimmune encephalitis.
Anxiety and psychosocial impact during coronavirus disease 2019 in home dialysis patients
Authors: Davis Michael J. , Alqarni Khaled A. , McGrath‐Chong Margaret E. , Bargman Joanne M. , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐Cov‐2) resulting in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is documented to have a negative psychosocial impact on patients. Home dialysis patients may be at risk of additional isolating factors affecting their mental health. The aim of this study is to describe levels of anxiety and quality of life during the COVID‐19 pandemic among home dialysis patients. This is a single‐centre survey of home dialysis patients in Toronto, Ontario. Surveys were sent to 98 home haemodialysis and 43 peritoneal dialysis patients. Validated instruments (Haemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 Item [GAD7] Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ‐9], Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale, Family APGAR Questionnaire and The Self Perceived Burden Scale) assessing well‐being were used. Forty of the 141 patients surveyed, participated in September 2020. The mean age was 53.1 ± 12.1 years, with 60% male, and 85% home haemodialysis, 80% of patients rated their satisfaction with dialysis at 8/10 or greater, 82% of respondents reported either “not at all” or “for several days” indicating frequency of anxiety and depressive symptoms, 79% said their illness minimally or moderately impacted their life, 76% of respondents were almost always satisfied with interactions with family members, 91% were never or sometimes worried about caregiver burden. Among our respondents, there was no indication of a negative psychosocial impact from the pandemic, despite the increased social isolation. Our data further supports the use of home dialysis as the optimal form of dialysis.
Phenological displacement is uncommon among sympatric angiosperms
Authors: Park Daniel S. , Breckheimer Ian K. , Ellison Aaron M. , Lyra Goia M. , Davis Charles C. 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Interactions between species can influence successful reproduction, resulting in reproductive character displacement, where the similarity of reproductive traits – such as flowering time – among close relatives growing together differ from when growing apart. Evidence for the overall prevalence and direction of this phenomenon, and its stability under environmental change, remains untested across large scales.

Using the power of crowdsourcing, we gathered phenological information from over 40 000 herbarium specimens, and investigated displacement in flowering time across 110 animal‐pollinated species in the eastern USA.

Overall, flowering time displacement is not common across large scales. However, displacement is generally greater among species pairs that flower close in time, regardless of direction. Furthermore, with climate change, the flowering times of closely related species are predicted, on average, to shift further apart by the mid‐21st century.

We demonstrate that the degree and direction of phenological displacement among co‐occurring closely related species pairs varies tremendously. However, future climate change may alter the differences in reproductive timing among many of these species pairs, which may have significant consequences for species interactions and gene flow. Our study provides one promising path towards understanding how the phenological landscape is structured and may respond to future environmental change.
Development of communication tool for resident‐ and family‐led care discussions in long‐term care through patient and family engagement
Authors: Cranley Lisa , Sivakumaran Gajan , Helfenbaum Shoshana , Galessiere Daniel , Meyer Raquel , Duggleby Wendy , McGillis Hall Linda , McGilton Katherine S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEffective communication between residents (older adults), families, and the healthcare team supports person‐centred care. However, communication breakdowns can occur that can impact care and outcomes. The aim of this paper is to describe a feedback approach to developing a communication tool for residents and families to guide information sharing during care discussions with the healthcare team in long‐term care.MethodsDevelopment of the communication tool included consultation with key stakeholders for their feedback and input. Following initial development of the tool template by our research team, we invited feedback from our study collaborators. Next, individual interviews and a focus group were conducted with family members, followed by individual interviews with selected residents from two long‐term care homes in Ontario, Canada. Participants were asked to provide input and feedback on the tool's content and usability and to share ideas for improving the tool. Content analysis was used to analyse the interview data.ResultsFeedback from residents and family included suggestions to enhance the tool's content and use of plain language, and suggestions for potential application of the tool.ConclusionFeedback highlighted the value of engaging residents and family members in the development of a communication tool. The communication tool offers a structured format to support participation of residents and families in information sharing for care discussions with the healthcare team.
Going through a rough patch: Oral adverse effects of secukinumab
Authors: Yogarajah Sangeetha , Mahendran Krishantini , Barker Jonathan , Setterfield Jane , Carey Barbara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) clinically presents with white plaques involving the post‐commissural buccal mucosa and less frequently, the tongue. Common risk factors include xerostomia, smoking, post‐chemotherapy or radiotherapy, antibiotic use, vitamin deficiency and immunosuppression. Here, we present a case of CHC secondary to secukinumab. A 38‐year‐old man presented with a 6‐month history of asymptomatic white plaques involving the lateral tongue and buccal mucosa. The medical history included chronic plaque psoriasis controlled with secukinumab 300 mg monthly, initiated 6 months prior to presentation. Intraoral examination revealed dense homogenous keratosis involving the right and left posterior lateral tongue and posterior buccal mucosa. Histopathological examination was consistent with chronic hyperplastic candidiasis. Special stains for fungal hyphae were positive. In situ hybridization for EBV were negative. Serology was negative for HIV. He was managed with fluconazole 100 mg daily for 1 week and placed on a prophylactic antifungal regime of chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash to reduce overall Candida load; however, the white plaques remained unchanged. He subsequently discontinued secukinumab and switched to certolizumab, resulting in complete resolution of oral candidiasis. In psoriasis, dysfunction in the cytokine pathway results in excessive production of IL‐17A. Secukinumab, a next‐generation anti‐IL‐17A biologic, is being used more commonly to manage moderate–severe plaque psoriasis. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of development of candidiasis as a potential complication of secukinumab due to the concurrent role of IL‐17 in innate and adaptive immunity against Candida. Early recognition of oral Candida lesions with diagnostic biopsy is paramount to exclude dysplasia.
Systemic immune‐inflammation index as a tool for predicting the need for a permanent pacemaker in patients with drug‐induced atrioventricular block
Authors: Şenöz Oktay , Erseçgin Ahmet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced atrioventricular block (AVB) is generally considered reversible and does not require a permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM). However, some studies have demonstrated a failure of AVB cessation even when the inducing agent has been discontinued. This study has investigated the use of systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) to predict irreversible drug‐induced AVB after drug discontinuation.MethodFiles of patients with high‐degree AVB that required a temporary pacemaker (TPM) were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty‐three patients in which AVB was drug‐induced were included in the study. The patients were divided into the following two groups: (1) those whose AVB reversed after discontinuation of the related drug, and (2) those in which AVB did not reverse.ResultsAVB reversed in 24 patients (38%) after the inducing agent was discontinued while in the remaining 39 patients (62%) PPM was required. The most common drugs to induce AVB were beta‐blockers (n = 46, 73%). Follow‐up time with TPM was significantly longer in the irreversible group (2.91 ± 1.05 days vs. 4.94 ± 2.15 days, p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SII (odds ratio [OR] = 1.002; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.000–1.003; p = .01) was an independent predictor of the requirement for a PPM. An SII > 752.05 was found to be a predictor of irreversible AVB requiring PPM with a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 75% (receiving‐operating characteristics [ROC] area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.704, 95% CI = 0.570–0.838, p = .007).ConclusionApproximately 2/3 of drug‐induced high‐degree AVBs are irreversible. SII is an easily available and cheap inflammatory biomarker that can be used to predict irreversible AVB.
Organizing e‐participation: Challenges stemming from the multiplicity of actors
Authors: Randma‐Liiv Tiina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultiple actors involved in the provision of e‐participation initiatives add to the complexity of organizational design and blur accountability and ownership relations. This study addresses the following research questions: How are different organizations and their units involved in the supply of e‐participation initiatives? How does the multiplicity of actors affect cross‐boundary collaboration, ownership, and accountability relations in the implementation of e‐participation initiatives? The empirical analysis is based on comparative case studies on e‐participation platforms in seven European countries. The case studies indicate that cross‐organizational issues—ownership and accountability, in particular—have often been insufficiently addressed during the development of e‐participation initiatives. Ambiguous ownership and diffused accountability are particularly challenging in the cases of multilevel governance and in “bottom‐up” e‐participation initiatives. The “distance” between the unit responsible for the administration of an e‐participation initiative and the decision‐makers appears to be a critical factor for the functioning of the platforms.
Continuous ultrasound‐guided sacral intervertebral block for postoperative analgesia in neonates
Authors: Visoiu Mihaela , Nubani Lu'ay , Nicolay Michael Dustin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA sacrococcygeal teratoma and a sacral agenesis represent a contraindication to a caudal block. We report two cases where the optimal use of ultrasound helped place a sacral intervertebral catheter in two neonates. Radiological and ultrasound studies of the sacrum and spine should be available before performing the procedure.
Bt cotton area contraction drives regional pest resurgence, crop loss, and pesticide use
Authors: Lu Yanhui , Wyckhuys Kris A. G. , Yang Long , Liu Bing , Zeng Juan , Jiang Yuying , Desneux Nicolas , Zhang Wei , Wu Kongming 
Published: October 2021

SummaryGenetically‐modified crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins have been widely cultivated, permitting an effective non‐chemical control of major agricultural pests. While their establishment can enable an area‐wide suppression of polyphagous herbivores, no information is available on the impact of Bt crop abandonment in entire landscape matrices. Here, we detail a resurgence of the cosmopolitan bollworm Helicoverpa armigera following a contraction of Bt cotton area in dynamic agro‐landscapes over 2007–2019 in North China Plain. An 80% reduction in Bt cotton was mirrored in a 1.9‐fold increase of ambient H. armigera population levels, culminating in 1.5–2.1‐fold higher yield loss and a 2.0–4.4‐fold increase in pesticide use frequency in non‐Bt crops (i.e. maize, peanut, soybean). Our work unveils the fate of herbivorous insect populations following a progressive dis‐use of insecticidal crop cultivars, and hints at how tactically deployed Bt crops could be paired with agro‐ecological measures to mitigate the environmental footprint of crop production.