bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Scale attributed node embedding
Authors: Rozemberczki Benedek , Allen Carl , Sarkar Rik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present network embedding algorithms that capture information about a node from the local distribution over node attributes around it, as observed over random walks following an approach similar to Skip-gram. Observations from neighbourhoods of different sizes are either pooled (AE) or encoded distinctly in a multi-scale approach (MUSAE). Capturing attribute-neighbourhood relationships over multiple scales is useful for a range of applications, including latent feature identification across disconnected networks with similar features. We prove theoretically that matrices of node-feature pointwise mutual information are implicitly factorized by the embeddings. Experiments show that our algorithms are computationally efficient and outperform comparable models on social networks and web graphs.
Impact of myocardial infarction symptom presentation on emergency response and survival
Authors: Møller Amalie Lykkemark , Mills Elisabeth Helen Anna , Gnesin Filip , Jensen Britta , Zylyftari Nertila , Christensen Helle Collatz , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj Fasmer , Folke Fredrik , Kragholm Kristian Hay , Gislason Gunnar , Fosbøl Emil , Køber Lars , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Torp-Pedersen Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
We examined associations between symptom presentation and chance of receiving an emergency dispatch and 30-day mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and results
Copenhagen, Denmark has a 24-h non-emergency medical helpline and an emergency number 1-1-2 (equivalent to 9-1-1). Both services register symptoms/purpose of calls. Among patients with MI as either hospital diagnosis or cause of death within 72 h after a call, the primary symptom was categorized as chest pain, atypical symptoms (breathing problems, unclear problem, central nervous system symptoms, abdominal/back/urinary, other cardiac symptoms, and other atypical symptoms), unconsciousness, non-informative symptoms, and no recorded symptoms. We identified 4880 emergency and 3456 non-emergency calls from patients with MI. The most common symptom was chest pain (N = 5219) followed by breathing problems (N = 556). Among patients with chest pain, 95% (3337/3508) of emergency calls and 76% (1306/1711) of non-emergency calls received emergency dispatch. Mortality was 5% (163/3508) and 3% (49/1711) for emergency/non-emergency calls, respectively. For atypical symptoms 62% (554/900) and 17% (137/813) of emergency/non-emergency calls received emergency dispatch and mortality was 23% (206/900) and 15% (125/813). Among unconscious, patients 99%/100% received emergency dispatch and mortality was 71%/75% for emergency/non-emergency calls. Standardized 30-day mortality was 4.3% for chest pain and 15.6% for atypical symptoms, and associations between symptoms and emergency dispatch remained in subgroups of age and sex.

Conclusion
Myocardial infarction patients presenting with atypical symptoms when calling for help have a reduced chance of receiving an emergency dispatch and increased 30-day mortality compared to MI patients with chest pain.
‘Life with a device’: the octogenarians’ experiences with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator—a qualitative study
Authors: Wising Jenny , Mattsson Gustav , Rambaree Komalsingh , Willmer Mikaela , Wallhagen Marita , Magnusson Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) treatment has expanded due to its effectiveness. However, there are concerns about complications, and use in the most elderly has been questioned. There is scarce data on qualitative aspects regarding experiences of living with an ICD among patients above the age of 80 years. The aim of this study was to explore octogenarians’ experience, knowledge, and attitude of living with an ICD.

Method and results
We used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 20 patients, aged 80–89 years (90% men). The data were then structured and analysed through deductive thematic analysis network approach using the ATLAS.ti v.8.4 software. The framework of the analysis was based on the Successful Aging Theory. Three main themes emerged regarding the patients’ experiences: Life goes on; Their Health, The Janus-Faced Device; Their attitudes, and Mind the gap; Their knowledge. None of the octogenarians regretted receiving their ICD, instead, they presented with feelings such as gratitude towards the device. However, a lack of knowledge about the devices was expressed, which can be a risk for potential complications, in turn causing suffering and unnecessary concerns.

Conclusion
Overall, the ICD did not pose a threat towards successful ageing. It was mainly considered a life-saving device. However, the lack of knowledge might hinder informed choices close to death and contribute to ethical dilemmas when deactivation of the ICD is a reasonable option.
Chi-miR-370-3p regulates hair follicle morphogenesis of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats
Authors: Hai Erhan , Han Wenjing , Wu Zhihong , Ma Rong , Shang Fangzheng , Wang Min , Liang Lili , Rong Youjun , Pan Jianfeng , Wang Zhiying , Wang Ruijun , Su Rui , Zhao Yanhong , Liu Zhihong , Wang Zhixin , Li Jinquan , Zhang Yanjun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of 22 nucleotide (nt) noncoding RNAs, negatively regulate mRNA posttranscriptional modification in various biological processes. Morphogenesis of skin hair follicles in cashmere goats is a dynamic process involving many key signaling molecules, but the associated cellular biological mechanisms induced by these key signaling molecules have not been reported. In this study, differential expression, bioinformatics, and Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed on miRNA expression profiles of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats at 45, 55, and 65 days during the fetal period, and chi-miR-370-3p was identified and investigated further. Real-time fluorescence quantification (qRT-PCR), dual luciferase reporting, and Western blotting results showed that transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGF-βR2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) were the target genes of chi-miR-370-3p. Chi-miR-370-3p also regulated the expression of TGF-βR2 and FGFR2 at mRNA and protein levels in epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. DNA staining, Cell Counting Kit-8, and fluorescein-labelled Annexin V results showed that chi-miR-370-3p inhibited the proliferation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts but had no effect on apoptosis. Cell scratch test results showed that chi-miR-370-3p promoted the migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Chi-miR-370-3p inhibits the proliferation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts by targeting TGF-βR2 and FGFR2, thereby improving cell migration ability and ultimately regulating the fate of epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts to develop the placode and dermal condensate, inducing hair follicle morphogenesis.
Comparative Analysis of Annotation Pipelines Using the First Japanese White-Eye (Zosterops japonicus) Genome
Authors: Venkatraman Madhvi , Fleischer Robert C , Tsuchiya Mirian T N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduced into Hawaii in the early 1900s, the Japanese white-eye or warbling white-eye (Zosterops japonicus) is now the most abundant land bird in the archipelago. Here, we present the first Z. japonicus genome, sequenced from an individual in its invasive range. This genome provides an important resource for future studies in invasion genomics. We annotated the genome using two workflows—standalone AUGUSTUS and BRAKER2. We found that AUGUSTUS was more conservative with gene predictions when compared with BRAKER2. The final number of annotated gene models was similar between the two workflows, but standalone AUGUSTUS had over 70% of gene predictions with Blast2GO annotations versus under 30% using BRAKER2. Additionally, we tested whether using RNA-seq data from 47 samples had a significant impact on annotation quality when compared with data from a single sample, as generating RNA-seq data for genome annotation can be expensive and requires well preserved tissue. We found that more data did not significantly change the number of annotated genes using AUGUSTUS but using BRAKER2 the number increased substantially. The results presented here will aid researchers in annotating draft genomes of nonmodel species as well as those studying invasion success.
The Genetic Variation of Lactase Persistence Alleles in Sudan and South Sudan
Authors: Hollfelder Nina , Babiker Hiba , Granehäll Lena , Schlebusch Carina M , Jakobsson Mattias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLactase persistence (LP) is a well-studied example of a Mendelian trait under selection in some human groups due to gene-culture coevolution. We investigated the frequencies of genetic variants linked to LP in Sudanese and South Sudanese populations. These populations have diverse subsistence patterns, and some are dependent on milk to various extents, not only from cows but also from other livestock such as camels and goats. We sequenced a 316-bp region involved in regulating the expression of the LCT gene on chromosome 2, which encompasses five polymorphisms that have been associated with LP. Pastoralist populations showed a higher frequency of LP-associated alleles compared with nonpastoralist groups, hinting at positive selection also among northeast African pastoralists. Among the LP variants, the -14009:G variant occurs at the highest frequency among the investigated populations, followed by the -13915:G variant, which is likely of Middle Eastern origin, consistent with Middle Eastern gene flow to the Sudanese populations. There was no incidence of the “East African” LP allele (-14010:C) in the Sudanese and South Sudanese groups, and only one heterozygous individual for the “European” LP allele (-13910:T), suggesting limited recent admixture from these geographic regions. The Beja population of the Beni Amer show three different LP variants at substantial and similar levels, resulting in one of the greatest aggregation of LP variants among all populations across the world.
‘A legend somewhat larger than life’: Karl H. von Wiegand and the trajectory of Hearstian sensationalist journalism
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article re-evaluates the trajectory of sensationalism within twentieth-century American journalism and foreign correspondence by examining William Randolph Hearst’s chief foreign correspondent, Karl H. von Wiegand (1874–1961). By following von Wiegand’s activities as a journalist, celebrity, propagandist and diplomatic go-between through both world wars, it argues that post-World War I concerns over propaganda and commercial mass media’s reliability impacted the typically sensational methods of foreign correspondents particularly strongly. In von Wiegand’s case, his exceptionally sensational style, which became entangled in fascist propaganda throughout the 1930s and fell under an increasingly systematic ethical critique, caused his own reputation and ability to impact public opinion to weaken drastically.
Not all technological change is equal: how the separability of tasks mediates the effect of technology change on skill demand
Authors: Combemale Christophe , Whitefoot Kate S , Ales Laurence , Fuchs Erica R H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We measure the labor-demand effects of two simultaneous forms of technological change—automation of production processes and consolidation of parts. We collect detailed shop-floor data from four semiconductor firms with different levels of automation and consolidation. Using the O*NET survey instrument, we collect novel task data for operator laborers that contains process-step level skill requirements, including operations and control, near vision, and dexterity requirements. We then use an engineering process model to separate the effects of the distinct technological changes on these process tasks and operator skill requirements. Within an occupation, we show that aggregate measures of technological change can mask the opposing skill biases of multiple simultaneous technological changes. In our empirical context, automation polarizes skill demand as routine, codifiable tasks requiring low and medium skills are executed by machines instead of humans, whereas the remaining and newly created human tasks tend to require low and high skills. Consolidation converges skill demand as formerly divisible low and high skill tasks are transformed into a single indivisible task with medium skill requirements and higher cost of failure. We conclude by developing a new theory for how the separability of tasks mediates the effect of technology change on skill demand by changing the divisibility of labor.
The political conception of the legal person: A reply to Gila Stopler
Authors: Dyzenhaus David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gila Stopler challenges us to reimagine the public–private distinction in a way which allows us both to confront the kinds of oppression to which feminists alerted us and to ward off absolutist attempts to gain control of the political. Her question is: How does one at the same time open up the personal and protect it? I argue that a clue to the answer lies in the way in which the issue should be seen not as the personal being political, but in the way the conception of the person we want to protect is political. Here I rely on an enemy of liberalism, Ernst Forsthoff.
Assessment of urban growth of Jeddah: towards a liveable urban management
Authors: Hegazy Ibrahim , Helmi Mansour , Qurnfulah Emad , Naji Ammar , Samir Ibrahim Hossam 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
In Saudi Arabia, an array of diverse strategies has been applied in response to the adverse effects of urban sprawl. A review of the historical proliferation of these strategies indicates that although in the short term the strategies have achieved high-quality infrastructure in some parts of the major cities, longer-term prospects are less promising since numerous urban problems persist in these cities. Among these problems are uncontrolled developments in the fringes, inadequate urban services, spiralling land prices and construction costs, the proliferation of slums and degrading quality of the urban environment. This research focuses on urban growth management as an approach for sustainable communities. The study will then discuss urban growth management as a discipline that can empower Jeddah as one of the fastest Saudi major cities to generate better urban development strategies and policies for a new generation of communities. This research paper explores ways to manage Jeddah’s urban growth and new development. The objective is to generate new communities that offer higher standards of living while meeting the challenge inside the existing urban mass by providing the much-needed new policies to limit and control urban growth. It is, therefore, an absolute must begin revising our urban growth and spatial development policies and plans. New theories of urban growth, development and management must be carefully examined and studied, and solutions must be devised, sooner than later, to help promote achieving sustainable urban management in Saudi Arabia.
Alleviation of colonic inflammation by Lypd8 in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hsu Chiao-Ching , Okumura Ryu , Motooka Daisuke , Sasaki Reo , Nakamura Shota , Iida Tetsuya , Takeda Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier causes inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Indeed, mucosal barrier impairment in the gut of IBD patients results from decreased expression of barrier molecules. Ly6/Plaur domain containing 8 (Lypd8) segregates microbiota from the colonic epithelial layer. In this study, we found that Lypd8−/− mice, in which flagellated bacteria invaded the mucosal surface of the colon, developed spontaneous colitis when dysbiosis was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). On the basis of this finding, we assessed whether the application of human LYPD8 (hLYPD8) protein exhibiting the glycan-dependent inhibition of bacterial motility is effective in a colitis model. Oral and anal treatments with hLYPD8 protein ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and HFD-induced colitis in Lypd8−/− mice. These results indicate a therapeutic potential of hLYPD8 protein supplementation for IBD.
Molecular characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates collected through a national surveillance programme in Japan, 2013: evidence of the emergence of a ceftriaxone-resistant strain from a ceftriaxone-susceptible lineage
Authors: Hanao Mami , Aoki Kotaro , Ishii Yoshikazu , Shimuta Ken , Ohnishi Makoto , Tateda Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the spread of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages similar to strains H041 (2009) and FC428 (2015), we characterized 55 strains collected in 2013 from hospitals across Japan.

Methods
Susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing.

Results
Susceptibility rates were 58% for cefixime and 98% for ceftriaxone. The 55 strains were whole-genome sequenced and classified into nine MLST-STs. MLST-ST1901 was the most prevalent (n = 19) followed by MLST-ST7363 (n = 12) and MLST-ST7359 (n = 11). The most prevalent penA [encoding penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2)] mosaic types, based on the N. gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR) scheme, were 10.001 (n = 20) followed by 34.001 (n = 13). The H041 and FC428 strains were not detected; however, a single ceftriaxone-resistant strain (TUM15748) with a MIC of 0.5 mg/L ceftriaxone was identified. The TUM15748 strain belonged to MLST-ST7359 and N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing-ST6771, and had a novel PBP2 (PBP2TUM15748, penA type 169.001). The amino acid sequence of PBP2TUM15748 showed partial similarity to that of PBP2 from N. gonorrhoeae GU140106 and commensal Neisseria perflava and Neisseria cinerea. Natural transformation and recombination experiments using full-length TUM15748 penA showed that the ceftriaxone MICs of transformants increased 16-fold or more compared with the parental ceftriaxone-susceptible recipient strain (NG9807, belonging to MLST-ST7363). No ceftriaxone-resistant MLST-ST7359 strains have previously been reported.

Conclusions
We showed here that a ceftriaxone-susceptible lineage acquired a mutant PBP2 mosaic type, integrating partial PBP2 sequences from commensal Neisseria species, resulting in the emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant strains.
Effects of feeding diets containing low crude protein and coarse wheat bran as alternatives to zinc oxide in nursery pig diets
Authors: Batson Kelsey L , Calderón Hilda I , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , Dritz Steve S , DeRouchey Joel M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of crude protein (CP) level in diets containing coarse wheat bran (CWB) with or without pharmacological levels of Zn (provided by zinc oxide: ZnO) on growth performance and fecal DM of nursery pigs. In experiment 1, 360 barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE, initially 5.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments from d 0 to 21 after weaning with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatments included a positive control diet (21% CP) with 3,000 mg/kg Zn in phase 1 and 2,000 mg/kg in phase 2; negative control (21% CP) with 110 mg/kg added Zn, and 4 diets containing 4% CWB and 110 mg/kg added Zn formulated to contain 21%, 19.5%, 18%, or 16.5% CP. The 2 control diets and 21% CP CWB diet contained 1.40% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys in phase 1 and 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2, while the 19.5%, 18%, and 16.5% CP diets contained 1.33, 1.25 and 1.20% Lys, respectively, in both phases. Pigs fed the positive control diet containing pharmacological ZnO had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with the negative control and the 21% CP CWB diet. Reducing CP (concurrently with SID Lys) in diets containing CWB decreased ADG and G:F (linear, P = 0.002); however, fecal DM increased (linear, P = 0.005). In experiment 2, two groups of 300 and 350 pigs, initially 7.0 and 6.2 kg, respectively, were used with 5 pigs per pen and 26 pens per treatment. The objective was to determine if adding back essential AA would improve growth performance of pigs fed the low CP diets. All dietary treatments were fed for 13 days, contained 4% CWB, and consisted of: (1) positive control with 2,000 mg/kg of Zn and 21% CP (1.35% SID Lys); (2) no ZnO and 21% CP; and 3 diets with no ZnO formulated to 18% CP and (3) 1.2% SID Lys; (4) 1.35% SID Lys by the addition of feed grade amino acids (AA), and (5) diet 4 with non-essential amino acids (NEAA; Gly and Glu). Pigs fed 21% CP with ZnO had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those fed 18% CP (1.35% SID Lys) with high levels of feed grade amino acids or those fed the reduced SID Lys (1.2%) diet. Overall, G:F was improved (P &lt; 0.001) for pigs fed 21% CP diets and those fed the 18% CP diet with NEAA compared to pigs fed 1.2% SID Lys and pigs fed high levels of feed grade amino acids. Fecal DM was increased for pigs fed the reduced SID Lys diet. In summary, pharmacological levels of Zn improve pig growth performance, but reducing CP (and subsequently SID Lys) decreased nursery pig growth performance.
A cyclic lipopeptide surfactin is a species-selective Hsp90 inhibitor that suppresses cyanobacterial growth
Authors: Nakamoto Hitoshi , Yokoyama Yuhei , Suzuki Takahiro , Miyamoto Yuri , Fujishiro Takashi , Morikawa Masaaki , Miyata Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is essential for eukaryotic cells, whereas bacterial homologs play a role under stresses and in pathogenesis. Identifying species-specific Hsp90 inhibitors is challenging because Hsp90 is evolutionarily conserved. We found that a cyclic lipopeptide surfactin inhibits the ATPase activity of Hsp90 from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus (S.elongatus) PCC 7942 but does not inhibit Escherichia coli (E.coli), yeast and human Hsp90s. Molecular docking simulations indicated that surfactin could bind to the N-terminal dimerization interface of the cyanobacterial Hsp90 in the ATP- and ADP-bound states, which provided molecular insights into the species-selective inhibition. The data suggest that surfactin inhibits a rate-limiting conformational change of S.elongatus Hsp90 in the ATP hydrolysis. Surfactin also inhibited the interaction of the cyanobacterial Hsp90 with a model substrate, and suppressed S.elongatus growth under heat stress, but not that of E.coli. Surfactin did not show significant cellular toxicity towards mammalian cells. These results indicate that surfactin inhibits the cellular function of Hsp90 specifically in the cyanobacterium. The present study shows that a cyclic peptide has a great specificity to interact with a specific homolog of a highly conserved protein family.