bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of TGF-beta-1 Polymorphisms on Pulmonary Disease Progression in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Trojan Tobias , Alcazar Miguel A. , Fink Gregor , Thomassen Jan C. , von Maessenhausen Maxine , Rietschel Ernst , Schneider Peter M. , Koningsbruggen-Rietschel Silke van 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Transforming Growth Factor-b1 (TGF-b1) is a genetic modifier in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TGF-b1 are associated with neutrophilic inflammation, lung fibrosis und loss of pulmonary function. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between genetic TGF-b1 polymorphisms and pulmonary disease progression in CF patients. Furthermore, the effect of TGF-b1 polymorphisms on inflammatory cytokines in sputum were investigated. Methods: 56 CF-patients and 62 controls were genotyped for three relevant SNPs in their TGF-b1 sequence using the SNaPshot® technique. Individual “slopes” in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) for all patients were calculated by using documented lung function values of the previous five years. The status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection was determined. Sputum concentrations of the protease elastase, the serine protease inhibitor elafin and the cytokines IL-1b, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α were measured after a standardized sputum induction and processing. Results: The homozygous TT genotype at codon 10 was associated with a lower rate of chronic Pa infection (p<0.05). The heterozygous GC genotype at codon 25 was associated with lower lung function decline (p<0.05). Patients with homozygous TT genotype at the promotor SNP showed higher levels of TNF-α (p<0,05). Higher levels of TGF-b1 in plasma were associated with a more rapid FEV1 decline over five years (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that polymorphisms in the TGF-b1 gene have an effect on lung function decline, Pa infection as well as levels of inflammatory cytokines. Genotyping these polymorphisms could potentially be used to identify CF patients with higher risk of disease progression. TGF-b1 inhibition could potentially be developed as a new therapeutic option to modulate CF lung disease.
Competition Laws and Regulations For a Digital Industry Platform
Authors: Tan Liqun , Sun Jin , Sundarasekar Revathi , Prethi K.N Apinaya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
During the last two decades, several nations have enacted or reinforced competition legislation. In most countries, at the same time, indigenous sectors are under ever-greater import demand. Towards an analysis, to monitor over time and the presence of imports and the number of domestic companies, on the influence of competitive legislation and rules (CLR) on the domestic competition for several nations. To see the direct impact of the Competition Law on competitiveness as industries with more import exposure or bigger local businesses are tending to be more competitive. However, it should be concluded that industries operating under competition legislation tend to have more domestic companies. This implies that by stimulating entrance, competition legislation may have an indirect influence on domestic competition. In terms of the function of government in industrial growth and the position of the public and private sector in country industrialization, the comparative role for small and big industries, an industrial policy may be described as the declaration of importance. It is essential to introduce new laws and regulations to encourage competition and constrain large industries. The problems of Industry 4.0 will be met through digitalization and automation. The vast amount of data produced on the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) must be collected, understood, and used. This is precisely what the digital company does by integrating the real world with the digital world. Therefore, the endless quantity of data enables the industry to make the CLR-IIOT technique more sustainable by employing final resources efficiently. Competition results in greater economic dynamic efficiency through innovation, technical advancement, reduced prices, and improved quality and customer service. Competition legislation is necessary since the market may be affected by faults and distortions, and diverse consumers may have recourse to anti-competitive actions such as cartels, abuse of predomination, etc.
Nucleic Acid–Based Rapid Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Alao Michael Abel , O. Odeyemi Abimbola , B. Ogunbosi Oluwatosin , A. Joseph Adejoke , O. Akinboro Adeolu , R. Ibrahim Olayinka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and its uptake has been limited in most developing countries. This may lead to under-diagnosis, ineffective treatment and high mortality. We determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Rifampicin-resistant TB using a nucleic acid–based test and AFB-smear in a Nigerian population.MethodsWe analyzed a single early morning sputum and extrapulmonary specimen from suspected cases of TB. Smear microscopic and real-time PCR for the detection of MTB and mutation on the rpoB gene using a molecular beacon was performed. ResultsThe median age of the participants was 40 years (range: 6 weeks to 120 years). The incidence of MTB and RR-TB determined using GeneXpert were 620 (16.6%) and 59(1.6%), respectively. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear identified AFB only in 2 out of 59(3.4%) cases with RR-TB. The agreement between the paired test of GeneXpert and AFB smear was poor (Kappa = 0.009, p = 0.01; McNemar’s p < 0.0001). AFB sensitivity, specificity positive and negative predictive value were 2.4%, 98.2%, 1.9 and 98.1 respectively. The distribution of the RR-TB are more prominent among new TB-AFB-negative cases, those residing in densely populated semi urban communities and migrants at border towns. Conclusion The GeneXpert test shows a high detection for MTB in the paediatric population but a lower RR-TB than the national average. There is a need for aggressive escalation of the nuclei acid based test in low middle-income-countries in order to achieve the end TB strategy in a global village.
Security Aspects of Critical Infrastructure Protection in Anthropogenic Disasters: A Case Study of Belgrade
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M. , Kezunović Andrija 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recognized as the basis for maintaining the functionality of the community in disaster conditions, the protection of critical infrastructure is one of the essential measures to improve society's resilience. Starting from the fact that society can be affected by various natural and anthropogenic disasters, the subject of this chapter refers to a comprehensive analysis of the security aspects of critical infrastructure protection in anthropogenic (anthropogenic) disasters. On the other hand, the social goal of the research is to determine the level of public awareness of the importance of protecting critical infrastructure from these disasters. By applying the quantitative research tradition, quantitative research was realized in Belgrade, in which 200 respondents were interviewed by random sampling. The obtained research results unequivocally indicate that preventive action in this area should be mainly focused on adopting strategies based on which plans are made to prevent these disasters and operational procedures from protecting critical infrastructure.
Improved wind-driven optimization algorithm for the optimization of hydropower generation from a reservoir
Authors: Liu Yin , Zhang Shuanghu , Jiang Yunzhong , Wang Dan , Gu Qihao , Zhang Zhongbo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The improvement of reservoir operation optimization (ROO) can lead to comprehensive economic benefits as well as sustainable development of water resources. To achieve this goal, an algorithm named wind-driven optimization (WDO) is first employed for ROO in this paper. An improved WDO(IWDO) is developed by using a dynamic adaptive random mutation mechanism, which can avoid the algorithm stagnation at local optima. Moreover, an adaptive search space reduction (ASSR) strategy that aims at improving the search efficiency of all evolutionary algorithms is proposed. The application results of the Goupitan hydropower station show that IWDO is an effective and viable algorithm for ROO and is capable of obtaining greater power generation compared to the classic WDO. Moreover, it is shown that the ASSR strategy can improve the search efficiency and the quality of scheduling results when coupled with various optimization algorithms such as IWDO, WDO and particle swarm optimization.
Assessing the impacts of climate change on drought-prone regions in Bhima sub-basin (India) using the Standard Precipitation Index
Authors: Laddimath Rajashekhar S. , Patil Nagraj S. , Rao P. S. , Nagendra  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In Bhima sub-basin, the water sector is at high demand and in critical stress due to rapid urbanization. The past few decades have witnessed extreme events and seasonal shifts due to anthropogenic activity triggered climate change. Thus, to evaluate the variability of extreme events, assessing the historical and future trends of precipitation in climate change scenarios is vital for developing comprehensive mitigation and adaptation strategies. This paper examines the drought-prone regions by studying spatio-temporal variation of drought scenarios using the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). The change factor method is used to downscale precipitation data from general circulation model (GCM) outputs under four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios to project future downscaled precipitation, to be input to examine the drought for 12 months. GCM and scenario uncertainty in climate change impact assessments are examined using box-whisker plots. Temporal variation for 12-month SPI shows significant changes over RCP scenarios. For the beginning of the period, 2021 precipitation is scanty for RCP 2.6 and 4.5 scenarios. Mild to moderate and severe drought events for the RCP 2.6 scenario are more predominant. Severe drought events under the RCP 6.0 scenario dominate over others. Lastly, the inconsistent pattern of drought events for RCP 8.5 is reported.
Asociación entre el propósito de vida y los factores socioeconómicos de excombatientes de las Farc-EP en Chalán y Colosó, Colombia
Authors: Martinez-Ballutt Luisa F. , Hernández-Bustamante Olga-Leonor , Vergara-Alvarez Maria L 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. La presente investigación se centró en conocer la relación que tiene el propósito de vida y los factores socioeconómicos de los excombatientes de las FARC-EP residentes en los municipios de Colosó y Chalán. Método. De tipo correlacional, diseño no experimental de corte transversal; se utilizó la Escala Dimensional del Sentido de Vida (EDSV) y una serie de preguntas Ad Hoc construidas por la investigadora donde se indagó por factores socioeconómicos Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que un 40% de los sujetos participantes, excombatientes de las FARC-EP se sitúan en el nivel medio sentido vital. Conclusiones. Los aspectos socioeconómicos que se encontraron asociados al propósito vital fueron de tipo educativo y tiempo de reintegración de cada excombatiente a la vida civil.
Predicting Species Distribution for True Indigo (<i>Indigofera tinctoria</i> L.) in Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Usmadi Didi , Sutomo Sutomo , Iryadi Rajif , Hanum Siti Fatimah , Darma I Dewa Putu , Wibawa I Putu Agus Hendra 
Published: September 2021

Citarum watershed is a region of approximately 6,610 km2 in West Java, Indonesia. Citarum watershed has been degraded through historical land use and vegetation clearing. Rehabilitation of Citarum watershed uses Indigofera tinctoria L. that has value as a source of natural blue dye and is considered suitable for the region. Species distribution modelling and Habitat suitability index (SDM/HSI) were undertaken for I. tinctoria. The occurrence and environment data (bioclimatic, topography, and soil type) were input to HSI. Results of the Indigofera tinctoria habitat suitability model in Citarum watershed are very good (0.9–1) for some parts of the Citarum watershed. The medium and high suitability areas were respectively 4.49% and 4.37% of the area were located in the lowlands (Bekasi Regency and Karawang Regency). Prediction based on climate modelling for 2050 and 2070 estimated that the medium-high suitability area of Indigofera tinctoria will be reduced relative to the present.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN SANAL MÜZE KULLANIMINA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI
Authors: AKTAŞ Veysi , YILMAZ Ali , İBRAHİMOĞLU Zafer 
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin sanal müze kullanım düzeyini ve bu teknik konusunda sahip oldukları tutumları belirlemektir. İlkokul ve Ortaokul öğrencilerinin Sosyal Bilgiler konularını teknolojik imkan ve zaman ölçüsünde daha iyi özümsemeleri için sanal müze uygulamasını kullanmaları gerekmektedir. Bunu için de öncelikle öğretmenlerin rehber olmak ve ardından öğrencileriyle beraber sanal müzeyi kullanabilmesi için bunun farkında olup bu etkinliği özümsemesi gerekmektedir.
Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmenlerinin sanal müze kullanımına yönelik tutumlarının belirlendiği bu araştırma karma yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstanbul'un farklı ilçelerinden toplam 126 (yüz yirmi altı) öğretmene anket uygulanmıştır. Anket sorularını cevaplayanlar arasında seçilen 13 (on üç) öğretmenle görüşme yapılmıştır.
“Sanal Müze Kullanımına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” (Peker, 2014) tarafından geliştirilen toplam 21 maddeden oluşan 5'li likert tipi bir ölçek kullanılmıştır.
Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda:
Katılımcıların sanal müze kullanımına yönelik toplam puan incelendiğinde madde başı ortalamanın 1,99 olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, katılımcıların sanal müze kullanımına yönelik algılarının yüksek olduğu görülmektedir.
Cinsiyet değişkeni göz önüne alındığında kadınların ortalamasının, erkeklerin ortalamasından düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak yapılan t-testi sonucunda kadınlar ve erkekler arasından anlamlı bir farkın olmadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca mesleki kıdem, yaş, eğitim düzeyi değişkenlerinde de anlamlı farkın olmadığı görülmüştür.
The unequal impact of raising the retirement age: Employment response and program substitution
Authors: Ardito Chiara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Using high-frequency Italian administrative data, the author studies the heterogeneous effects of a reform raising the normal retirement age (NRA) from 60 years to 65 years for private-sector male employees. The analysis, based on a difference-in-differences (DD) method, shows that the NRA raise reduces pension benefit claims but does not lead to a one-to-one increase in the employment rate since workers also apply for more disability and unemployment benefits. Moreover, most of them simply retire without any benefit. The extent of the effects varies substantially across socio-economic groups, as individuals with poorer health, with lower occupational grades and lower pay levels are the most constrained by the reform, experiencing the highest delay in pension claims, increase in employment, and inactivity. All in all, this paper shows that raising the NRA could have unintended effects as it affects more negatively the most vulnerable in the labor market.
Farklı zemin ve gübre tahliye sitemlerinin bazı süt kalite parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: TAVŞANLI Hakan , EKTİK Nisanur , GÜNER Tevhide , ALTUNDAL Berfin , ÖZKAN Nisa 
Published: September 2021

Kaliteli süt ürünleri üretiminin en önemli hedefi tat ve aroma gibi duyusal kalite kriterlerini koruyarak, gıda güvenliği ve gıda güvencesi kapsamında ürünün muhafaza süresini uzatmaktır. Süt ve süt ürünlerinin raf ömürleri ile tat ve aromalarının gelişimini belirleyen birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu faktörlerden süt ile ilişkili olanlar; süt kompozisyonu, toplam canlı bakteri ve somatik hücre sayısı gibi çiğ süt kalite parametreleridir. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmada farklı ahır zeminleri ve gübre tahliye sistemlerinin çiğ süt kalite parametreleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Beton zemin/ ızgaralı sistem, kauçuk yataklı zemin/ sıyırıcılı sistem ve beton zemin/ sıyırıcılı sistemlerin ortalama somatik hücre sayıları sırasıyla 720.103 hücre/ml; 397.103 hücre/ml; 376.103 hücre/ml, toplam canlı bakteri sayıları ise 135.103 kob/ml; 80.103 kob/ml; 88.103 kob/ ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Beton zemin/ ızgaralı sistem, kauçuk yataklı zemin/ sıyırıcılı sistem ve beton zemin/ sıyırıcılı sistemlerin ortalama kuru madde değerleri sırasıyla % 12,96; 12,72; 12,82 yağ değerleri sırasıyla % 3,41; 3,42; 3,46 protein değeri % 3,23; 3,55; 3,35 ve laktoz değerleri ise sırasıyla % 4,92; 4,91; 4,86 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak hayvanların barındırıldığı ortamların ve özellikle gübre tahliye sistemlerinin çiğ süt toplam canlı bakteri ve somatik hücre sayısı üzerine etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışma, ahır zeminlerinin ve gübre tahliye
sistemlerinin süt kalite parametreleri üzerine etkilerine yönelik daha detaylı çalışmaların yapılmasını işaret etmektedir.
Online Shop Consumer Purchasing Decision: A Study on The Significance of Self-Esteem and Marketing Mix
Authors: Elida Tety , Rahardjo Wahyu , Raharjo Ari 
Published: September 2021

The phenomenon of online shopping through various internet media broadens the scopes of studies in economics and psychology. The considerable factors which influence the purchasing decision of consumers in online shopping are the internal factors (e.g., self-esteem) and external factors (e.g., marketing mix). The aim of this study is to prove the constellation of self-esteem and marketing mix that can explain the purchasing decision of consumers in online shopping. The participants of this study are 270 online shoppers from various professions and ages. SEM is used to accomplish the objectives of the study. The findings showed that the empirical model achieved the goodness of fit which indicated that self-esteem and marketing mix had correlation with an online shopper purchasing decision. Moreover, the study found that self-esteem partially had no direct influence towards purchasing decision, yet it had a direct influence on marketing mix. On the other hand, marketing mix had a direct influence on purchasing decision.

Keywords—consumer behavior; self-esteem; marketing mix; purchasing decision; online shopping
Cenozoic stratigraphy of South Africa: current challenges and future possibilities
Authors: Botha G.A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Cenozoic stratigraphy of South Africa has developed over the past 166 years since geological mapping of the region was initiated. The current status of lithostratigraphy and the global chronostratigraphic framework is discussed in the context of the diverse Cenozoic regolith across the region. Geological mapping here utilizes lithostratigraphy to organise the Cenozoic deposits, although some extensive units are characterised informally using lithological descriptors. Although there are no formal biostratigraphic units, the allied use of “Land Mammal Ages” compiled from fossil type sites is described. An analogous archaeological cultural-historical “technocomplex” stratigraphy is outlined to subdivide stone age cultural material commonly associated with Quaternary deposits and has often been used as a relative dating framework. A summary table of Cenozoic regolith is presented, differentiating deposits into their terrain morphologically defined Geomorphic Province context as a means of correlating similar deposits across the subcontinent. For mapping units based on lithological characteristics, the use of lithodemic nomenclature to characterise units in each geomorphic province is proposed as a temporary measure to enhance inter-regional correlation and encourage further research that could lead to formal lithostratigraphic descriptions.
XÂY DỰNG VÀ PHÁT HUY NỀN DÂN CHỦ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA Ở VIỆT NAM HIỆN NAY
Authors: Hoa Nguyen 
Published: September 2021

Ở Việt Nam, Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam xác định dân chủ xã hội chủ nghĩa là bản chất của chế độ ta, vừa là mục tiêu, vừa là động lực của sự phát triển đất nước. Vì thế, hoàn thiện và phát huy dân chủ xã hội chủ nghĩa là vấn đề có ý nghĩa lý luận và ý nghĩa thực tiễn sâu sắc cần tiếp được tiếp tục nghiên cứu. Trong bài viết này, tác giả muốn làm rõ thêm một số nội dung cơ bản của việc thực hiện dân chủ xã hội chủ nghĩa ở Việt Nam; qua đó đề xuất một số giải pháp để phát huy dân chủ xã hội chủ nghĩa trong thời gian tới.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KHẢ NĂNG THU HÚT CỦA ĐIỂM ĐẾN DU LỊCH LÝ SƠN, QUẢNG NGÃI
Authors: Trần Thị Ngọc Liên , Chương Huỳnh Văn , Hùng Đỗ Mạnh 
Published: September 2021

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện dựa trên cơ sở các dữ liệu thu thập được thông qua các điều tra khảo sát ý kiến của 250khách du lịch nội địa bằng bảng hỏi cấu trúc tại Lý Sơn, tỉnh Quảng Ngãi. Mục tiêu chính của nghiên cứu là đánh giá khả năng thu hút khách du lịch nội địa của điểm đến Lý Sơn. Kết quả của nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng các yếu tố tài nguyên du lịch của Lý Sơn được đánh rất cao, nhưng các yếu tố sản phẩm và dịch vụ du lịch vẫn còn nghèo nàn từ đó làm giảm khả năng thu hút của điểm đến. Vì vậy, để tăng khả năng thu hút khách du lịch của điểm đến Lý Sơn, cần phải đầu tưphát triển các hoạt động giải trí/giải trí về đêm, dịch vụ lưu trú, nâng cao tính chuyên nghiệp của lao động du lịch, cải thiện vệ sinh môi trường, các dịch vụ và tiện nghi công cộng, dịch vụ mua sắm, ăn uống nhằm đáp ứng tốt hơn nhu cầu của du khách đến Lý Sơn.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHATANI SAYURAN HIDROPONIK DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Putri Ria Septiana Sasmita , Anwar Anwar , Yakin Addinul 
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis: (1) besar pendapatan petani berdasarkan analisis struktur biaya, produksi dan penerimaan di Kota Mataram, (2) kelayakan usahatani sayuran hidroponik di Kota Mataram dan (3) kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh petani sayuran hidroponik di Kota Mataram.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan unit analisis petani sayuran hidroponik di Kota Mataram. Lokasi penelitian ditetapkan secara “purposive sampling” atas pertimbangan bahwa kecamatan yang terpilih terdapat petani yang sudah memproduksi sayuran hidroponik dengan skala komersial. Jumlah responden ditetapkan secara “sensus” sebanyak 4 orang. Analisis yang digunakan adalah: analisis pendapatan, analisis break event point, analisis revenue cost ratio, analisis revenue on investment.

Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu; (1) Sayuran hidroponik di Kota Mataram yang diproduksi diantaranya basil 36,75 kg dengan pendapatan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 511.848; selada keriting 37,25 kg dengan pendapatan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 268.964; selada merah 86 kg dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp 2.143.914; pakcoy 150 kg dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp 256.297. (2) Kelayakan usahatani sayuran hidroponik di Kota Mataram berdasarkan BEP pada sayuran basil diperoleh BEP harga Rp 22.322/kg, BEP produksi 23 kg, nilai R/C 1,53, ROI 53,18 %; selada keriting dengan BEP harga Rp 19.030/kg, BEP produksi 27 kg, R/C 1,33 dan ROI 32,86 %; selada merah diperoleh BEP harga Rp 10.071/kg, BEP produksi 25 kg, R/C 3,48, ROI 247,54 %, pakcoy dengan nilai BEP harga Rp 8.291, BEP produksi 124 kg, R/C 1,21 dan ROI 20,61 %. Nilai BEP lebih kecil dari nilai rata-rata yang berlaku, nilai R/C > 1, nilai ROI > 3,00%. Artinya bahwa usahatani sayuran hidroponik di Kota Mataram layak untuk diusahakan. (3) Kendala yang dihadapi dalam usahatani sayuran hidroponik ini terbagi menjadi 2 kriteria yaitu secara teknis (instalasi irigasi, hama dan penyakit) dan non teknis (pestisida, pengetahuan, pemasaran dan fluktuasi harga).