bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological polarization singularities in metaphotonics
Authors: Liu Wenzhe , Liu Wei , Shi Lei , Kivshar Yuri 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolarization singularities of vectorial electromagnetic fields locate at the positions where properties of polarization ellipses are not defined. First observed for conical diffraction in 1830s, polarization singularities have been studied systematically with the underlying concepts being reshaped and deepened by many pioneers of wave optics. Here we review the recent results on the generation and observation ofpolarization singularities in metaphotonics. We start with the discussion of polarization singularities in the Mie theory, where both electric and magnetic multipoles are explored from perspectives of local and global polarization properties. We then proceed with the discussion of various photonic-crystal structures, for which both near- and far-field patterns manifest diverse polarization singularities characterized by the integer Poincaré or more general half-integer Hopf indices (topological charges). Next, we review the most recent studies of conversions from polarization to phase singularities in scalar wave optics, demonstrating how bound states in the continuum can be exploited to generate directly optical vortices of various charges. Throughout our paper, we discuss and highlight several fundamental concepts and demonstrate their close connections and special links to metaphotonics. We believe polarization singularities can provide novel perspectives for light-matter manipulation for both fundamental studies and their practical applications.
Magnetic behavior of Fe-doped of multicomponent bismuth niobate pyrochlore
Authors: Zhuk Nadezhda A. , Makeev Boris A. , Nekipelov Sergey V. , Yermolina Maria V. , Fedorova Anna V. , Chernykh Galina I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two series of iron-containing solid solutions Bi2Mg1−x
Fe
x
Nb2O9+δ
and Bi2MgNb2−2x
Fe2x
O9−δ
of pyrochlore structure were obtained by the traditional solid phase synthesis method. The electronic state and character of exchange interactions of iron atoms in solid solutions were investigated by methods of magnetic dilution and NEXAFS-spectroscopy. According to X-ray spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility data, iron(III) atoms are distributed mainly in octahedral positions of niobium(V) and in a dominant amount are in the charge state of Fe(III) in the form of monomers and exchange-bonded clusters mainly with antiferromagnetic type of exchange. Differences in magnetic behavior of iron-containing solid solutions of both series have been revealed. Antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange can be realized between iron atoms, which, with increasing concentration of paramagnetic atoms and averaging structure distortions, becomes less significant. The parameters of exchange interactions in clusters and distribution of iron paramagnetic atoms depending on the concentration of solid solutions have been calculated.
Simulation der morphologischen Filterung und der Abplattung der Rauheitsspitzen mechanisch bearbeiteter Werkstücke und deren Auswirkung auf die Bewertung der Formabweichung in der Koordinatenmesstechnik
Authors: Kistner Thomas , Hausotte Tino , Imkamp Dietrich 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Bei der taktilen Erfassung einer Oberfläche lässt sich eine Beeinflussung des Messergebnisses durch die morphologische Filterung infolge der endlichen Größe des Antastelementes und die Wirkung der mechanischen Antastkraft nicht vermeiden. Durch die Simulation dieser Filterung und der zusätzlichen Berücksichtigung der elastischen Abplattung können Modelle für die Simulation von taktilen Koordinatenmessungen bereitgestellt werden. Zur Simulation der Abplattung werden die Oberflächenprofile in die einzelnen Wellen- bzw. Ortsfrequenzbestandteile zerlegt. Jede Wellenamplitude wird entsprechend ihres Anteils an der Verformung reduziert. Das daraus resultierende Profil wird hinsichtlich verschiedener Oberflächenparameter analysiert. Bei der Auswertung der Welligkeit und der Geradheitsabweichungen lassen sich unterschiedliche Effekte für verschiedenen Simulationsparameter und Auswertebedingungen erkennen. Der Einfluss der elastischen Abplattung auf das Ergebnis steht in Abhängigkeit von der betrachteten Werkstückoberfläche und des verwendeten Tastkugelradius. Signifikante Effekte sind bei regelmäßigen Oberflächenstrukturen und der Verwendung kleiner Tastkugelradien zu beobachten. Die aus der Simulation entstehenden Modelle können auch für die Simulation der Messunsicherheit verwendet werden.
Epistemic stance in the translations of Chinese medicine classics: a case study of Huang Di Nei Jing
Authors: Yue Yan , Wu Canzhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article is a contrastive study of epistemic stance in the English translations of the Chinese medical classic Huang Di Nei Jing by clinicians and non-clinicians. Epistemic stance is concerned with a translator’s certainty about the proposition of a statement and is highly consequential to information validity. By drawing on the systemic functional linguistic framework and using two sets of translations of the Chinese medicine classic, Huang Di Nei Jing, by both clinicians and non-clinicians, the study investigates the linguistic choices concerning epistemic stance. The findings show that epistemic stance is closely related to the translators’ domain knowledge and expertise, with clinician-translators more likely to express their epistemic stance in the translations. However, this study also finds a counterintuitive epistemic pattern: non-clinician translators express more certainty in their translations.
Effects of radiofrequency radiation on colorectal cancer cell proliferation and inflammation
Authors: Ozgur Elcin , Kayhan Handan , Kismali Gorkem , Senturk Fatih , Sensoz Merve , Ozturk Goknur Guler , Sel Tevhide 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on apoptosis, proliferation, stress response, and inflammation markers in colorectal cancer cells.

Methods
We tested the effects of intermittent exposure to RFR at different frequencies on two different colorectal cancer cell lines; HCT-116 and DLD-1. Protein levels were subsequently analyzed by ELISA.

Results
RFR led to a decrease in P53, p-P53, p-P38, and p-IkB levels in HCT-116 cells, while leading to an increase in BAD, p-BAD, p-STAT3,NF-κB levels. Two thousand one hundred Megahertz of RFR altered the P53, BAD, and NF-ΚB expression in HCT-116 cells. P53, p-P53, BAD, p-BAD, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, p-P38, p-SAPK/JNK, p-STAT3, and p-IkB levels increased after exposure to RFR at 900 and 2,100 MHz in DLD-1 cells. Unlike HCT-116 cells, 1,800 MHz of RFR was reported to have no effect on DLD1 cells.

Conclusions
RFR increased apoptosis and inflammatory response in HCT116 cells, while lowering the active P38 and active P53 levels, which are indicators of poor prognosis in several cancers. Genetic differences, such as P53 mutation (DLD-1), are critical to the cell response to RFR, which explains the reason why scientific studies on the effects of RFR yield contradictory results.
Exercise Interventions With Trained Home Helpers for Preventing Loss of Autonomy and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Receiving Home Heath Physical Therapy T4H: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Mézière Anthony , Oubaya Nadia , Michel-Pellegrino Valérie , Boudin Bertrand , Neau Marine , Robert Hervé , Cara Isabelle , Salgado Sanchez Laura , Baloul Samia , Piette François , Pautas Eric , Picou Yannick , Curtis Valentine , Schonheit Claire , Canouï-Poitrine Florence , Moreau Caroline 
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:
Older adults at risk for falls live independently in the community in their own home and have rehabilitation needs. However, little is known about whether home coaching of older adults can decrease falls at home. We sought to determine whether a novel program for preventing falls and a loss of exercise capacity, the T4H program, in which home helpers act as exercise coaches by using an information technology (IT) device, was acceptable and feasible.

Methods:
Between February 2015 and October 2015, we performed a cluster randomized controlled trial in which home helpers either assisted older adults 75 years and over, to participate in the T4H program, or provided standard home help over 3 months. We assessed levels of acceptability and satisfaction among the older adults and home helpers with regard to the exercise program and the technologies used. To measure efficacy, the main outcome measures for the older adults were the absence of falls requiring medical or paramedical care, unplanned hospitalizations, walking ability in a Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and self-care ability by the Barthel Index at the 3-month follow-up visit.

Results and Discussion:
Overall, 35 older adults were included, aged 89 years and with 68.6% women. Eighty-five percent of the respondents were pleased or very pleased to have participated in the T4H exercise program, 70% were satisfied with the IT devices, and 92% were satisfied with their home helper's level of involvement. Two of the 4 home helper respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with the exercise program, and 2 were moderately satisfied. The proportions of older adult participants with no falls or no unplanned hospitalizations were higher in the T4H group (92.3% and 85.7%, respectively) than in the control group (81.8% and 71.4%, respectively), although these intergroup differences were not statistically significant. The T4H and control groups did not differ significantly with regard to the TUG time (median [IQR]: 27.6 seconds [17.9-58.6] vs 30.7 seconds [19.7-57.2], respectively) or the Barthel Index (median [IQR]: 90 [75-95] and 90 [75-95], respectively).

Conclusions:
The novel T4H home help model was feasible and was associated with a high level of participant satisfaction. We observed a trend toward fewer falls and hospitalizations and better quality of life in the older adults.
The Unfinished Web: Transit Planning in Los Angeles, 1895–1953
Authors: Bethel A. C. W. 
Published: February 2021

Because of its complexity and length this article is organized into two parts. Part I, which appeared in the previous issue of the Quarterly, traced attempts to improve rapid rail transit in Los Angeles from 1895 to 1925.
This concluding installment traces the political, civic, and taxpayer response to the 1925 comprehensive regional rapid transit plan. The plan was eclipsed by a seemingly unrelated controversy about a union station for the steam railroads. Meanwhile, though frustrated in its plan for a crosstown subway, the rapid transit provider, the Pacific Electric Railway (PE), was not passive: it worked cooperatively with other public-sector and private-sector agencies to create viaducts that separated its trains from busy intersections, bought new rolling stock, and installed safety measures.
The emerging multi-destinational, automobile-oriented city of the 1930s and 1940s led planners to include rail rapid transit in freeway medians, but the politically powerful State Division of Highways opposed it, as did various civic and commercial organizations and the Automobile Club of Southern California (ACSC). Sectional differences in how residents perceived their interests divided city council and state legislature support. PE’s management, now discouraged, gradually abandoned and finally sold its passenger service. Part II concludes with an examination of the PE’s financial condition in the 1920s in refutation of the often-made claim that the PE’s high debt and unprofitable financial account sheets precluded it from making capital investments.
Esbozo de la iniciativa para la conservación de la ruta huichol a Huiricuta y de sus santuarios naturales asociados (México)
Authors: Giménez de Azcárate Joaquín , Fernández Borja Humberto 
Published: February 2021

De entre las diferentes rutas de peregrinación que la sociedad huichol tiene a lo largo de su geografía cultural, la ruta a Huiricuta por los sitios sagrados naturales, destaca por su jerarquía, importancia ritual y frecuencia de uso. El itinerario discurre a lo largo de los estados de Nayarit, Jalisco, Zacatecas y San Luis Potosí, y se inserta en un mosaico de territorios con particularidades biogeográficas, históricas y culturales, cuyos principales atributos son analizados. Es sobre este escenario donde se ha puesto en marcha una iniciativa consensuada para preservar su patrimonio biológico y cultural a partir de criterios de conservación, desarrollo sostenible y defensa de derechos y cultura indígenas; ello con el fin de reivindicar el papel trascendental que juegan los itinerarios culturales y de los sitios sagrados naturales. Se presentan finalmente algunos de los logros y avances obtenidos, a través de programas, mecanismos legales y actuaciones concretas.
A NEW RECORD OF Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis (Trypanosomatidae) FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF COLOMBIA
Authors: Martínez Abad Lily Paola , Paternina Luis Enrique , Paternina Gómez Margaret , Pérez Doria Alveiro José , Bejarano Martínez Eduar Elías 
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study wasthe identification of Leishmaniaspecies that causescutaneous leishmaniasisin a patient from Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, on the Pacific coast of Colombia.Clinical samples were obtained from a 29 years-old male who presented a distinct ulcer with raised borders on his neck. Samples were taken for direct microscopic examination, parasite culture, and molecular identification of the infecting Leishmania species by sequencing of the cytochrome b gene. Direct examination was positive for amastigotes of Leishmaniabut the culture was negative. The infecting parasite species was identified as L. (V.) guyanensisby means of the nucleotide sequence of a 509 bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene. We report the presence of L. (V.) guyanensisin rural areas of Buenaventura in Valle del Cauca, and the expansion of the geographical distribution of this species in the Pacific region of Colombia.
TOXICIDAD DE TRES INSECTICIDAS ORGANOFOSFORADOS EN EMBRIONES DE ANUROS A DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS.
Authors: Henao Muñoz Liliana Marcela , Triana Velásquez Teófila María , Galindo Martínez Carlos Alberto , Bernal Bautista Manuel Hernando 
Published: February 2021

Los efectos de diferentes agroquímicos y de la temperatura han sido temas recurrentes en la investigación en anuros; sin embargo, estas variables se han abordado de manera independiente sin considerar que pueden ejercer una presión simultánea sobre las especies. Por esta razón, este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la toxicidad (a través de la Concentración Letal Media -CL50) de los insecticidas organofosforados clorpirifos, diazinón y monocrotofos, bajo tres regímenes térmicos (23, 28 y 33 ± 1 °C) sobre embriones de tres especies de anuros. De acuerdo a los valores de CL50, el insecticida clorpirifos fue el más tóxico, seguido del diazinón y del monocrotofos. Por su parte, de manera general se encontró un incremento de la toxicidad de los insecticidas organofosforados a la temperatura más alta de experimentación (33 °C). Además, el efecto de la temperatura se hizo más notorio para los organismos expuestos al clorpirifos, el insecticida más letal. Estos resultados sugieren un efecto negativo para la fauna acuática de anuros debido al actual uso desmesurado de este tipo de agroquímicos y a su interacción con la temperatura ambiental. De acuerdo a los valores de CL50, el insecticida clorpirifos fue el más tóxico, seguido del diazinón y del monocrotofos. Por su parte, de manera general se encontró un incremento de la toxicidad de los insecticidas organofosforados a la temperatura más alta de experimentación (33 °C). Además, el efecto de la temperatura se hizo más notorio para los organismos expuestos al clorpirifos, el insecticida más letal. Este resultado sugiere un efecto negativo para la fauna acuática de anuros debido al actual uso desmesurado de este tipo de agroquímicos y su interacción con la temperatura ambiental.
EXPRESIÓN DE LA PROTEÍNA CORE DEL VIRUS DE LA HEPATITIS C EN CÉLULAS HEPG2 USANDO EL VIRUS DEL BOSQUE DE SEMLIKI
Authors: Mira Catalina , Yepes Jesús Orlando , Henao Luis Felipe , Montoya Guzmán Melissa , Navas Maria-Cristina 
Published: February 2021

El Virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC) codifica la proteína Core. Core, además de ser la subunidad de la cápside, participa en diferentes mecanismos de patogénesis de la infección por VHC. Dado que el sistema de replicación in vitrodel VHC presenta limitaciones, el uso de vectores virales podría ser una herramienta útil para estudiar las propiedades de la proteína Core. Con el fin de validar el vector con el Virus del Bosque de Semliki (SFV) para el estudio de Core en células HepG2, se evaluó la expresión de la proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) y la proteína Core utilizando este vector viral. Las expresiones de GFP y Core se detectaron en células HepG2 transducidas con rSFV de 24 a 96 horas postransducción. La expresión de la proteína Core fue inferior a la expresión de GFP en las células HepG2. Teniendo en cuenta que la proteína Core del VHC puede regular la actividad del gen p53, se evaluó el nivel transcripcional de este gen. Se observó una disminución en el nivel de mARN de p53 en las células luego de la transducción, comparado con las células control. Aunque las células transducidas con rSFV-Core presentaron el menor nivel de mARN de p53,la diferencia no fue significativa comparada con las células transducidas con rSFV-GFP. Los resultados confirman que rSFV permite la expresión transitoria de proteínas heterólogas en líneas celulares de hepatoma humano. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para determinar si la expresión disminuida de Core puede deberse a degradación de la proteína viral.
INFECCIÓN NATURAL POR Trypanosoma cruzi (TRYPANOSOMATIDAE) EN TRIATOMINOS INTRADOMÉSTICOS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE GUAINÍA
Authors: Solis Medina Cesil Alfonso , Zuluaga Sara , Triana-Chávez Omar , Cantillo-Barraza Omar 
Published: February 2021

La búsqueda continua de triatominos forma parte de los programas de vigilancia de la enfermedad de Chagas en zonas con características ecológicas apropiadas para la presencia del vector, permitiendo priorizar y definir las acciones de intervención. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia y estado de infección de triatominos en viviendas del municipio de Inírida (Guainía). El estudio se realizó entre 2018 y 2019mediante vigilancia comunitaria y búsqueda activa. Los vectores se identificaron y evaluaron por PCR. Se recolectaron cinco triatominos (un Panstrongylus lignariusy cuatro P. geniculatus). Se evidenció la infección natural en ambas especies. La genotipificación mostró la presencia de TcI Dom.Se actualiza así la presencia e infección P. lignarius, así como la infección de P. geniculatuspara Inírida.
Detection of efflux pump genes in multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 in Iran
Authors: Meshkat Zahra , Salimizand Himen , Amini Yousef , Mansury Davood , Zomorodi Abolfazl Rafati , Avestan Zoleikha , Jamee Azad , Falahi Jamal , Farsiani Hadi , Mojahed Azizollah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii, as a nosocomial pathogen has become a worldwide concern in recent years. In the current study, the resistance to tetracyclines and colistin were assessed in the isolates from different provinces of Iran.During the timeline of this study, a number of 270 isolates of A. baumannii were collected from tracheal aspirates, wounds, urine and blood cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline and colistin were evaluated. Tetracycline resistance genes were assessed by PCR. The mean expression level of adeB, adeJ and adeG were assessed using semi quantitative Real-Time PCR. The clonal relationship of the isolates was evaluated by the repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), International Clonal (IC) Lineage Multiplex PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (Pasteur scheme) methods.The MIC by microdilution method showed that 87.5, 51.4, 28, 0.74 and 0% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, tigecycline and colistin respectively. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes was 99.2, 99.2, 98, 86.7, 10, 3.33, 0.37, 0% for adeB, adeJ, adeG, tetB, tetA(39), tetA, tetM and tetH in tetracycline-resistant isolates. Moreover, the expression level of adeB, adeJ, adeG genes in tigecycline-nonsusceptible A. baumannii (TNAB) strain was higher compared to the tigecycline-susceptible A. baumannii (TSAB). A broad genomic diversity was revealed, but ST2 was the most prevalent ST. Our results indicated that tetracycline resistance in Iran is mediated by resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) and tetB efflux pumps.
A Multi-Physics Experiment with a Temporary Dense Seismic Array on the Argentière Glacier, French Alps: The RESOLVE Project
Authors: Gimbert Florent , Nanni Ugo , Roux Philippe , Helmstetter Agnès , Garambois Stéphane , Lecointre Albanne , Walpersdorf Andréa , Jourdain Bruno , Langlais Mickael , Laarman Olivier , Lindner Fabian , Sergeant Amandine , Vincent Christian , Walter Fabian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent work in the field of cryo-seismology demonstrates that high-frequency (&gt;1  Hz) seismic waves provide key constraints on a wide range of glacier processes, such as basal friction, surface crevassing, or subglacial water flow. Establishing quantitative links between the seismic signal and the processes of interest, however, requires detailed characterization of the wavefield, which, at high frequencies, necessitates the deployment of large and dense seismic arrays. Although dense seismic array monitoring has recently become increasingly common in geophysics, its application to glaciated environments remains limited. Here, we present a dense seismic array experiment made of 98 three-component seismic stations continuously recording during 35 days in early spring 2018 on the Argentière Glacier, French Alps. The seismic dataset is supplemented with a wide range of complementary observations obtained from ground-penetrating radar, drone imagery, Global Navigation Satellite Systems positioning, and in situ measurements of basal glacier sliding velocities and subglacial water discharge. We present first results through conducting spectral analysis, template matching, matched-field processing, and eikonal-wave tomography. We report enhanced spatial resolution on basal stick slip and englacial fracturing sources as well as novel constraints on the heterogeneous nature of the noise field generated by subglacial water flow and on the link between crevasse properties and englacial seismic velocities. We outline in which ways further work using this dataset could help tackle key remaining questions in the field.