bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of immune status in testis and macrophage polarization associated with testicular damage in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Zheng Wenzhong , Zhang Shiqiang , Jiang Shaoqin , Huang Zhangcheng , Chen Xiaobao , Guo Huan , Li Mengqiang , Zheng Song 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveImmune cells residing in the testicular interstitial space form the immunological microenvironment of the testis. They are assumed to play a role in maintaining testicular homeostasis and immune privilege. However, the immune status and related cell polarization in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) remains poorly characterized. System evaluation of the testis immunological microenvironment in NOA patients may help to reveal the mechanisms of idiopathic azoospermia.Study designThe gene expression patterns of immune cells in normal human testes were systematically analyzed by single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and preliminarily verification by the human protein atlas (HPA) online database. The immune cell infiltration profiles and immune status of patients with NOA was analyzed by single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on four independent public microarray datasets (GSE45885, GSE45887, GSE9210, and GSE145467), obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) online database. The relationship between immune cells and spermatogenesis score was further analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to identify the main immune cell types and their polarization status in patients with NOA.ResultsBoth scRNA‐seq and HPA analysis showed that testicular macrophages represent the largest pool of immune cells in the normal testis, and also exhibit an attenuated inflammatory response by expressing high levels of tolerance proteins (CD163, IL‐10, TGF‐β, and VEGF) and reduced expression of TLR signaling pathway‐related genes. Correlation analysis revealed that the testicular immune score and macrophages including M1 and M2 macrophages were significantly negatively correlated with spermatogenesis score in patients with NOA (GSE45885 and GSE45887). In addition, the number of M1 and M2 macrophages was significantly higher in patients with NOA (GSE9210 and GSE145467) than in normal testis. GSVA analysis indicated that the immunological microenvironment in NOA tissues was manifested by activated immune system and pro‐inflammatory status. IHC staining results showed that the number of M1 and M2 macrophages was significantly higher in NOA tissues than in normal testis and negatively correlated with the Johnson score.ConclusionTesticular macrophage polarization may play a vital role in NOA development and is a promising potential therapeutic target.
Grief and Border‐Crossing Rage
Authors: Rosas Gilberto 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYIn 2019, a White Nationalist shooting occurred in El Paso in the wake of Trump’s administration’s efforts to dramatically curtail immigration, asylum‐seeking, and other kinds of border crossing. The essay draws on the reflexive anthropology of Renato Rosaldo and related bodies of theory to examine the shooting. Its linkages to US border and immigration policy, including family separation, crystallize both how unsettling mass movements of people evident at borders may be and the significance of extremist, if not settler, violence to contemporary liberal societies.
Genetics and pathophysiology of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Meeths Marie , Bryceson Yenan T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHaemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) represents a life‐threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome. Familial studies have established autosomal and X‐linked recessive causes of HLH, highlighting a pivotal role for lymphocyte cytotoxicity in the control of certain virus infections and immunoregulation. Recently, a more complex etiological framework has emerged, linking HLH predisposition to variants in genes required for metabolism or immunity to intracellular pathogens. We review genetic predisposition to HLH and discuss how molecular insights have provided fundamental knowledge of the immune system as well as detailed pathophysiological understanding of hyperinflammatory diseases, highlighting new treatment strategies.
Number needed to treat for net effect of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: Real‐world vs. clinical‐trial evidence
Authors: Ding Wern Yew , Rivera‐Caravaca José Miguel , Marín Francisco , Li Guowei , Roldán Vanessa , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe net benefit of oral anticoagulants (OACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) is poorly understood. We aimed to determine the NNT for net effect (NNTnet) using calculator of absolute stroke risk (CARS) in anticoagulated patients with AF in real‐world and clinical trial cohorts.MethodsPost‐hoc analysis of patient‐level data from the real‐world Murcia AF Project and AMADEUS clinical trial. Baseline risk of stroke was determined using CARS. The risk of stroke and major bleeding events with OAC were determined using the number of respective events at 1‐year. NNTnet was calculated as a reciprocal of the net effect of absolute risk reduction with OAC (NNTnet = 1/(absolute risk reduction of stroke[ARRstroke] − absolute risk increase of major bleeding[ARIbleeding])).ResultsIn total, 3511 patients were included (1306 [37.2%] real‐world patients and 2205 [62.8%] clinical trial participants). The absolute 1‐year stroke risk was similar across both cohorts. In the real‐world cohort, OAC was associated with a 4.0% ARRstroke, 25 NNTbenefit, 1.0% ARIbleeding, 100 NNTharm and 34 NNTnet. In the clinical trial cohort, OAC was associated with a 3.8% ARRstroke, 27 NNTbenefit, 1.6% ARIbleeding, 63 NNTharm and 46 NNTnet. In both cohorts, the NNTnet was significantly lower in patients with an excess stroke risk of ≥2% by CARS.ConclusionOverall, the NNTnet approach in AF incorporates information regarding baseline risk of stroke and major bleeding, and relative effects of OAC with the potential to include multiple additional outcomes and weighting of events based on their perceived effects by individual patients.
Honokiol inhibits proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by targeting anoctamin 1/TMEM16A Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Wang Hui , Yang Fan , Gao Kuan , Luo Shuya , Bai Lichuan , Ma Ke , Liu Mei , Wu Shuwei , Wang Huijie , Chen Zaixing , Xiao Qinghuan 
Published: July 2021

Background and PurposeCa2+‐activated Cl− channels (Ano1 channels) contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Honokiol is known to inhibit cell proliferation and tumour growth in colorectal cancer. However, the molecular target of honokiol remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether honokiol inhibited cell proliferation of colorectal cancer by targeting Ano1 channels.Experimental ApproachPatch‐clamp techniques were performed to study the effect of honokiol on Ca2+‐activated Cl− currents in HEK293 cells overexpressing Ano1‐ or Ano2‐containing plasmids or in human colorectal carcinoma SW620 cells. Site‐directed mutagenesis was used to identify the critical residues for honokiol‐induced Ano1 inhibition. Proliferation of SW620 cells or human intestinal epithelial NCM460 cells by CCK‐8 assays.Key ResultsHonokiol blocked Ano1 currents in Ano1‐overexpressing HEK293 cells and SW620 cells. Honokiol more potently inhibited Ano1 currents than Ano2 currents. Three amino acids (R429, K430 and N435) were critical for honokiol‐induced Ano1 inhibition. The R429A/K430L/N435G mutation reduced the sensitivity of Ano1 to honokiol. Honokiol inhibited SW620 cell proliferation, and this effect was reduced by Ano1‐shRNAs. Furthermore, Ano1 overexpression promoted proliferation in NCM460 cells with low Ano1 endogenous expression and resulted in an increased sensitivity to honokiol. Overexpression of the R429A/K430L/N435G mutation reduced WT Ano1‐induced increase in the sensitivity of NCM460 cells to honokiol.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe identified a new anticancer mechanism of honokiol, through the inhibition of cell proliferation, by targeting Ano1 Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels.
Assessing the population‐level conservation effects of marine protected areas
Authors: Ovando Daniel , Caselle Jennifer E. , Costello Christopher , Deschenes Olivier , Gaines Steven D. , Hilborn Ray , Liu Owen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) cover 3–7% of the world's ocean, and international organizations call for 30% coverage by 2030. Although numerous studies show that MPAs produce conservation benefits inside their borders, many MPAs are also justified on the grounds that they confer conservation benefits to the connected populations that span beyond their borders. A network of MPAs covering roughly 20% of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary was established in 2003, with a goal of providing regional conservation and fishery benefits. We used a spatially explicit bioeconomic simulation model and a Bayesian difference‐in‐difference regression to examine the conditions under which MPAs can provide population‐level conservation benefits inside and outside their borders and to assess evidence of those benefits in the Channel Islands. As of 2017, we estimated that biomass densities of targeted fin‐fish had a median value 81% higher (90% credible interval: 23–148) inside the Channel Island MPAs than outside. However, we found no clear effect of these MPAs on mean total biomass densities at the population level: estimated median effect was –7% (90% credible interval: –31 to 23) from 2015 to 2017. Our simulation model showed that effect sizes of MPAs of <30% were likely to be difficult to detect (even when they were present); smaller effect sizes (which are likely to be common) were even harder to detect. Clearly, communicating expectations and uncertainties around MPAs is critical to ensuring that MPAs are effective. We provide a novel assessment of the population‐level effects of a large MPA network across many different species of targeted fin‐fish, and our results offer guidance for communities charged with monitoring and adapting MPAs.
Long‐term survival outcomes and prognostic factors related to ruptured intracranial aneurysms: A comparison of surgical and endovascular options in a propensity score–matched, nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lo Yang‐Lan , Li Ming‐Chang , Yu Ying‐Hui , Chen Ho‐Min , Wu Szu‐Yuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeTo determine the long‐term survival outcomes of and prognostic factors for survival in patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (RIA) who underwent endovascular coil embolization or surgical clipping.MethodsWe selected patients who had received a diagnosis of RIA between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Propensity score matching was performed, and Cox proportional hazards model curves were plotted to analyze all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing different treatments.ResultsThe matching process yielded a final cohort of 8102 patients (4051 and 4051 in endovascular coil embolization and surgical clipping groups, respectively) who were eligible for inclusion. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for endovascular coil embolization compared with surgical clipping were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79–0.97). The aHRs for the ages of 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and ≥85 years compared with the ages of 20 to 64 years were 1.82 (95% CI, 1.60–2.07), 3.35 (95% CI, 2.93–3.84), and 6.99 (95% CI, 5.51–8.86), respectively. Surgical clipping; old age; male sex; treatment during 2011 to 2013; presence of diabetes, congestive heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or end‐stage renal disease; history of stroke or transient ischemic attack; Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥2; attendance of nonacademic hospitals; and low income were significant independent prognostic factors for poor survival.ConclusionsCompared with surgical clipping, endovascular coil embolization led to more favorable survival outcomes in patients with RIAs.
The EU return system under the Pact on Migration and Asylum: A case of tipped interinstitutional balance?
Authors: Majcher Izabella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe article holistically discusses the alleged new EU return system which the Pact on Migration and Asylum heralds. Absent any impact assessment accompanying the key draft legislative measures and any implementation report regarding the existing legislative instruments following the 2015 refugee‐protection crisis, it provides both a substantial and a formal assessment of the proposed reform. A substantial analysis reveals that the two main objectives of the EU return system, namely effectiveness and human rights compliance, are pitted against each other to the detriment of human rights compliance and that effectiveness is questionably narrowed to return rate. Looking at the key components of the return system under the Pact and taking into account past interinstitutional negotiations in the field, it shows that the draft proposals are not conducive to fulfilling these objectives. From a formal standpoint, the article questions the weight of the Commission's proposals on the future outcome of the current negotiations based on their lack of legitimacy.
RQCSNet: A deep learning approach to quantized compressed sensing of remote sensing images
Authors: Mirrashid Alireza , Shirazi Ali‐Asghar Beheshti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, a deep neural network is proposed that can be used to perform a quantized compressed sensing of remote sensing images. This network, dubbed RQCSNet consists of three parts: sensing, nonlinear quantization, and reconstruction. All network's parts are trained simultaneously according to the input data. RQCSNet has fully convolutional architecture, and it can work with different resolutions of the input images without the need for large initial fully connected layers. Furthermore, its structure reduces the blocky artefacts in the final reconstructed images by considering the effects of different image blocks in the reconstruction process. The proposed model has the ability to learn the nonlinear quantization function according to the input data and sending the measured values from the transmitter to the receiver with a fewer bit budget. Also, RQCSNet can learn the compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm without initial image reconstruction (that is usually the first step of reconstruction in other models), which reduces network flops. The results are presented on standard datasets of UCMerced as a remote sensing data that is the main concentration of this article, and as well as the set11 which is a dataset widely used for the benchmark of the state‐of‐the‐art models. The experiments show that RQCSNet has a better performance than existing models in terms of the quality of image reconstruction and time complexity. As a benchmark, our network has a mean PSNR improvement of about 1.2 dB in reconstructed images compared to available techniques, at a measurement rate of 0.25. The effect of adding noise to the quantized measured data from the transmitter to the receiver at the time of transmission is also investigated in this article, and it is shown that the quality of image reconstruction will be robust to the noise once adding a noise layer to the network during training.
Living with spousal loss: Continuing bonds and boundaries in remarried widows’ marital relationships
Authors: Dekel Rachel , Shorer Shai , Nuttman‐Shwartz Orit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe grief literature emphasizes widows’ continuing bonds with their deceased spouses as a significant part of their grief process. Yet, little is known about what happens to those bonds when a widow remarries and there is a second spouse, and how these bonds are dealt with by the new family members. This study explored the continuing bonds of remarried Israeli widows, the role the second spouse plays in these processes, and the ambiguity and permeability of the boundaries between the first and the second marital relationships. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 29 Israeli remarried military widows, over three decades after their first husbands’ deaths. Data were analyzed by using thematic content analysis. Findings revealed that most of the women maintained continuing bonds with their deceased husbands, whereas a few of them severed these bonds. In all of the scenarios, however, the second husband played a major role, resulting in different levels of boundaries, from strict to blurred, between the first and the second marriages. These findings suggest that in order to obtain a full understanding of grief's impact on the second marital relationship, grief should be considered a couple‐hood process in which the boundaries between the relationships are dynamic. The association between these patterns and personal and marital adjustment should be further explored.
Dom António and the early modern Iberian world: Global approaches to the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580
Authors: McTaggart Heather 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly modern Iberian history has enjoyed renewed interest over the last 2 decades or so, with historians utilizing connected historical and global approaches to untangle interactions between various peoples within a vast empire. These studies have accounted for the unique social constructions within the Iberian world, and contended with questions regarding the political integration of Spain and Portugal during the Iberian Union (1581–1640). Scholars have attempted to complicate previous nationalistic interpretations of this period and looked at the institutional and cultural interactions within the Iberian Peninsula and its overseas territories. However, scholars have omitted serious examinations of Dom António's claim to the Portuguese crown during and after the dynastic crisis of 1580, as well as to the imperial and global dimensions of his candidacy. This article considers how the candidacy of Dom António and the Portuguese succession crisis can contribute to understandings of diplomatic interaction and more generally the negotiation of power in the Iberian world.
Delivering eye health education to deprived communities in India through a social media‐based innovation
Authors: Maitra Chandrani , Rowley Jenny 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, Chandrani Maitra, with her supervisor, Prof. Jennifer Rowley, reports on her PhD research conducted at Manchester Metropolitan University. This research aimed to develop understanding of the benefits of, and the challenges associated with the use of social media to disseminate eye health information in deprived communities in India. Such communities typically have a low level of access to health information, as the result of poor literacy, poverty, lack of women's empowerment, cultural practices, society dynamics, and medical malpractice. This study used an intervention based on the social media platform, WhatsApp, to educate a group of women volunteers so that they were able to contribute to the management of the eye health of their family, friends, and neighbours. Interviews were conducted with deprived community members (DCMs), community healthcare advocates (CHAs) and, healthcare professionals (HCPs). The DCMs reported a number of benefits associated with their participation in the eye health intervention. CHAs and HCPs agreed that an extended roll out of the intervention had potential to deliver benefits, but expressed concerns that some of the ongoing social challenges facing deprived communities might act as barriers to progress. F.J.
Feasibility of using exogenous pectin to improve water redispersibility and viscoelasticity of reconstituted dried nanofibrillated cellulose from cabbage outer leaves
Authors: Rodkantuk Khanisorn , Chiewchan Naphaporn , Devahastin Sakamon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince endogenous pectin has been reported to improve water redispersibility of dried nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), feasibility of using exogenous pectin to achieve such a purpose when NFC was prepared from a material with minute amount of pectin was investigated. Cabbage outer leaves, which are by‐product with low pectin content, were selected as the test material. Prior to defibrillation, commercial citrus pectin at different concentrations was autoclaved at 130 °C for 2 h with the cabbage. After hot air drying at 60 °C, dried NFC samples with 43%–44% (dry mass) cellulose and varying pectin contents were obtained. Freshly prepared NFC suspensions exhibited desirable gel‐like behaviour, while suspensions prepared from dried NFC did not. Aggregation of NFC was clearly seen from microstructural images although the contents of pectin were believed to be adequate. Hydrolysis of exogenous pectin during autoclaving into low molecular‐weight oligomers was noted to be responsible for such incapability.
An observation of a potential metastatic mimic in bone marrow aspirate smears
Authors: Gouda Prabhu , Mazumder Sujaya , Anbalagan Anandhi , Kar Rakhee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present an interesting observation of crushed erythroid precursors in bone marrow aspirate smears mimicking metastatic deposits. These artefactual clusters could be due to anticoagulation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic and also due to shearing forces exerted on the cells during aspiration and smearing. It is important to be aware of this potential mimic as in a given clinical context it can get misdiagnosed as metastasis.
Connecting content and structure: A review of mechanisms in entrepreneurs’ social networks
Authors: van Burg Elco , Elfring Tom , Cornelissen Joep P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNetwork studies in the entrepreneurship domain suffer from an incomplete theorization of how the content of social capital relates to network relationships and structures in which entrepreneurs are embedded or embed themselves. This study presents a systematic review of the various ways in which the interaction between content (e.g. cognition and resources) and social structure has been studied within entrepreneurship. Based on this review, we develop a more integrative account of the underlying action mechanisms that link the content and structure of social capital. These mechanisms cut across different research traditions and align areas of entrepreneurship research. In this way, we contribute an integrative review of prior work and a formative set of directions for further theorizing and research on social capital, networks and entrepreneurship.