bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a dual mechanistic approach to support bilastine dose selection for older adults
Authors: Kim Chaejin , Lo Re Valentina , Rodriguez Monica , Lukas John C. , Leal Nerea , Campo Cristina , García‐Bea Aintzane , Suarez Elena , Schmidt Stephan , Vozmediano Valvanera 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate bilastine dosing recommendations in older adults and overcome the limitation of insufficient data from phase I studies in this underrepresented population. This was achieved by integrating bilastine physicochemical, in vitro and in vivo data in young adults and the effect of aging in the pharmacology by means of two alternative approaches: a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and a semi‐mechanistic population pharmacokinetic (Senescence) model. Intestinal apical efflux and basolateral influx transporters were needed in the PBPK model to capture the observations from young adults after single i.v. (10 mg) and p.o. (20 mg) doses, supporting the hypothesis of involvement of gut transporters on secretion. The model was then used to extrapolate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) to elderly subjects considering their specific physiology. Additionally, the Senescence model was develop starting from a published population PK) model, previously applied for pediatrics, and incorporating declining functions on different physiological systems and changes in body composition with aging. Both models were qualified using observed data in a small group of young elderlies (N = 16, mean age = 68.69 years). The PBPK model was further used to evaluate the dose in older subjects (mean age = 80 years) via simulation. The PBPK model supported the hypothesis that basolateral influx and apical efflux transporters are involved in bilastine PK. Both, PBPK and Senescence models indicated that a 20 mg q.d. dose is safe and effective for geriatrics of any age. This approach provides an alternative to generate supplementary data to inform dosing recommendations in under‐represented groups in clinical trials.
Evaluation of Elastin Fibres in Young and Aged Eyelids and Abdominal Skin Using Computational 3D Structural Analysis
Authors: Tohgasaki T. , Kondo S. , Nishizawa S. , Ishiwatari S. , Sakurai T. , Ishikawa S. , Takeda A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Aging-related degeneration of elastic fibres causes skin wrinkles and loss of elasticity. A correlation has been reported between dermal elastic fibre degradation and wrinkles. However, the mechanism of wrinkle formation is complex and unclear. To establish methods for treating wrinkles, it is necessary to understand the aging-related morphological alterations underlying elastin fibre degradation or disappearance.

Objectives
To image and analyse aging-related three-dimensional (3D) morphological alterations of elastic fibres in the eyelid and abdominal skin.

Methods
Excised human eyelid and abdominal skin tissues were examined. The structure of elastic fibres in the skin tissues was examined via nuclear, tropoelastin and fibrillin-1 immunostaining. Then, 3D imaging was performed using a confocal laser microscope and tissue decolourization technology. Images were analysed using a computational method.

Results
The decolourization technology made it possible to image elastin fibres in 3D, and we devised a method for analyzing the elastin fibre structure using computational methods. It was quantitatively shown that the eyelid skin has a more complex fibrous structure than the abdomen, and the fibres became curved, shortened and thickened with age.

Conclusions
We provide a novel 3D analysis method for elastin fibres and report age-related alterations in elastin fibre structure in the human eyelid and abdominal skin. This method contributes to the understanding of elastin fibre degeneration in more detail than conventional methods. Applying this 3D analysis method to skin tissues will contribute to a better understanding of age-related changes in fibres and to the development of novel wrinkle treatments.
Digitalisierung und Verarbeitung von Sensordaten für die Zustandsbewertung von Oberflächenschutzsystemen stählerner Türme von Onshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Momber Andreas , Nattkemper Tim , Langenkämper Daniel , Möller Torben , Brün Daniel , Schaumann Peter , Shojai Sulaiman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer Beitrag beschreibt das Konzept einer vollständig datenbasierten, weitgehend automatisierten Prozedur für die Zustandsbewertung von Oberflächenschutzsystemen von Stahlbauten am Beispiel der Turmstruktur einer Onshore‐Windenergieanlage. Es werden Akquisition, Bearbeitung und Bewertung der Daten sowie ihre Implementierung in ein mathematisch‐empirisches Zustandsbewertungsmodell beschrieben und diskutiert. Das Zustandsbewertungsmodell beruht auf der Bestimmung eines lokalen Abbaugrads, der für am Bauwerk jeweils eindeutig zugeordnete Referenzbereiche bestimmt wird. Die Erstellung der Referenzbereiche mittels einer In situ Virtual Twin Computation wird vorgestellt und bewertet. Die vorgeschlagene datenbasierte Bewertungsprozedur wird anhand eines Stahlturms einer Onshore‐Windenergieanlage in ländlicher korrosiver Umgebung erläutert. Anwendungen auf Stahlbauwerken mit vergleichbarer Geometrie (Silos, Schornsteine, Pfähle) sowie auf Stahlbauwerken unter Offshore‐Bedingungen sind möglich.
An overview of sample preparation in forensic toxicology
Authors: Jones Sabra , McGowan Courtney , Boyle Sarah , Ke Yiling , Chan Chi Hin Marco , Hwang Hajin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSample preparation is an important step in forensic toxicological analysis. With the technological advancements and the availability of mass spectrometers with increasing sensitivities, the need to remove potential interferences, such as matrix components or non‐relevant analytes to the analysis, is essential to optimizing an analytical method. Forensic toxicological analysis involves diverse analytes with a variety of chemical properties that need to be considered when selecting an appropriate sample preparation technique. The push for broad standards and best practice documents for forensic toxicology demonstrates the need for laboratories to ensure they meet the required capabilities to not only detect specific classes of drugs commonly encountered in forensic case work, but also ensure method validity. The objective of this article is to provide the forensic toxicology community a high‐level overview of biological matrices and their relevant components that should be considered during sample pre‐treatment as well as traditional and non‐traditional sample preparation techniques and present general applications.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Drug Analysis
Biogenesis, characterization, and functions of mirtrons
Authors: Salim Uzma , Kumar Ashish , Kulshreshtha Ritu , Vivekanandan Perumal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are major post‐transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They base pair with the complementary target mRNA at the 3′UTR and modulate cellular processes by repressing the mRNA translation or degrading the mRNA. There are well‐documented mechanisms of biogenesis of miRNA; however, a sizeable number of miRNAs are also produced by non‐canonical pathways. Mirtrons represent a predominant class of non‐canonical miRNAs. Mirtrons originate from intronic regions and are produced in a splicing‐dependent and Drosha‐independent manner. Mirtrons constitute about 15% of all miRNAs produced in a human body and have caught attention of researchers worldwide due to their unconventional origin, sequence characteristics, evolutionary dynamics, ability to regulate variety of cellular processes and their immense potential in disease therapeutics. In this comprehensive review we collate the research done in the past decade including biogenesis, sequence characteristics, regulation, and emerging therapeutic roles of mirtrons.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Zahnmedizinische Versorgung älterer Menschen: Chancen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Nitschke Ina , Hahnel Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Mundgesundheit der Bevölkerung in Deutschland konnte in den letzten Jahren verbessert werden; allerdings profitierten ältere und insbesondere gebrechliche sowie pflegebedürftige Menschen nicht adäquat von dieser Entwicklung. Dabei kann eine gute Mundgesundheit relevant dazu beitragen, die Herausforderungen bei Gebrechlichkeit und Pflegebedürftigkeit besser zu bewältigen. Der eingeschränkte Zugang zur zahnmedizinischen Betreuung, die manchmal eingeschränkte Kooperativität sowie die schlechtere Mundpflege in dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe erhöhen das Risiko für Karies, Parodontalerkrankungen, Zahnverlust und Zahnlosigkeit im Vergleich zur Durchschnittsbevölkerung.Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die zahnmedizinische Situation älterer Menschen anhand bereits publizierter Daten aus der bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Fünften Deutschen Mundgesundheitsstudie (DMS V), die im Jahr 2014 erhoben wurden. Die mittlere Anzahl der fehlenden Zähne betrug bei den 65- bis 74-Jährigen 11,1 Zähne. Bei älteren Seniorinnen und Senioren (75–100 Jahre) mit Pflegebedarf (äSmP) war die Mundgesundheit schlechter als bei denjenigen ohne Pflegebedarf (äSoP). So hatten äSoP durchschnittlich 11,8 Zähne, äSmP dagegen nur 5,7 Zähne. Der Anteil zahnloser 65- bis 74-Jähriger hatte sich seit 1997 halbiert auf 12,4 %. Bei den äS waren 32,8 % zahnlos (äSmP: 53,7 %, äSoP: 26,7 %). Mehr als 75 % der äSmP waren abnehmbar prothetisch versorgt (äSoP: 51,7 %). Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in diesem Beitrag Schnittstellen benannt, an denen eine chancengleiche Anbindung dieser Bevölkerungsgruppen an eine zahnmedizinische Versorgungsstruktur etabliert werden könnte. Diese beinhalten akutgeriatrische Krankenhausstationen und die Entwicklung weitergehender Konzepte in der aufsuchenden Versorgung zur besseren Versorgung der Betroffenen und zur Erleichterung der Pflege.
A study on power-controlled wire-arc additive manufacturing using a data-driven surrogate model
Authors: Israr Rameez , Buhl Johannes , Bambach Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides an alternative for the production of various metal products needed in medium to large batch sizes due to its high deposition rates. However, the cyclic heat input in WAAM may cause local overheating. To avoid adverse effects on the performance of the part, interlayer dwelling and active cooling are used, but these measures increase the process time. Alternatively, the temperature during the WAAM process could be controlled by optimizing the welding power. The present work aims at introducing and implementing a novel temperature management approach by adjusting the weld-bead cross-section along with the welding power to reduce the heat accumulation in the WAAM process. The temperature evolution during welding of weld beads of different cross-sections is investigated and a database of the relation between optimal welding power for beads of various sizes and different pre-heating temperatures was established. The numerical results are validated experimentally with a block-shaped geometry. The results show that by the proposed method, the test shape made was welded with lower energy consumption and process time as compared to conventional constant-power WAAM. The proposed approach efficiently manages the thermal input and reduces the need for pausing the process. Hence, the defects related to heat accumulation might be reduced, and the process efficiency increased.
Designing effective virtual reality environments for pain management in burn-injured patients
Authors: Phelan Ivan , Furness Penny J , Matsangidou Maria , Babiker Nathan T. , Fehily Orla , Thompson Andrew , Carrion-Plaza Alicia , Lindley Shirley A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBurn patients engage in repetitive painful therapeutic treatments, such as wound debridement, dressing changes, and other medical processes high in procedural pain. Pharmacological analgesics have been used for managing pain, but with ineffective results and negative side effects. Studies on pain management for burn patients suggested that Virtual Reality can treat procedural pain. This paper describes the process of designing, testing, and deploying a Virtual Reality system into a hospital setting. Firstly, a workshop was conducted to identify the most suitable types of Virtual Reality contents for the needs of burn-injured patients. Then, an experimental study, with 15 healthy adults, explored the analgesic impact of the Virtual Reality contents. The pain was induced through a cold pressor. Finally, we deployed the Virtual Reality system into the hospital to examine its efficiency on burn-injured inpatients. This study presents factors for the effective design and deployment of Virtual Reality for burn-injured patients residing in a hospital. Those factors refer to the use of cartoonish features and a choice of content based on each patient’s interests to increase the positive emotions and the use of interactive features, portable equipment to reduce pain and increase the feasibility of the technology in clinical settings. Finally, our results indicated that the extension of the VR use after the therapeutic session could support more effective pain treatment.Trial registration number Protocol ID: AA8434.
Souveränität und Verantwortung im Mehrebenensystem: Subsidiarität als Leitmotiv?
Authors: Hüther Michael , Vogel Markus 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Subsidiaritätsgedanke sollte von den politischen Entscheidungstragenden sowie von im europäischen Mehrebenensystem mitwirkenden Akteur:innen beachtet werden. Dazu gehört die Beachtung bei der legislativen Planung, dass die Einhaltung des Subsidiaritätsprinzips bedingungslose Voraussetzung ist. Zudem sollten alle an der europapolitischen Willensbildung Beteiligten für die Wahrung des Subsidiaritätsprinzips eintreten, wenn hieran Zweifel bestehen. Die Debatte um Anspruch und Wirklichkeit des europäischen Subsidiaritätsgedankens begleitet uns seit vielen Jahren, ist aber aktueller denn je.
Digital- und Medienpolitik in Parteiprogrammen zur Bundestagswahl 2021
Authors: Gerpott Torsten J. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungVier Parteien — Die Linke, SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen und FDP — haben bis Ende April 2021 den Entwurf ihres Programms zur Bundestagswahl am 26. September veröffentlicht. Wie klar und überzeugend vermitteln Bundestagsparteien ihre Vorstellungen? Die digital- und medienpolitischen Aussagen der Entwürfe werden kritisch analysiert.
Abbau der kalten Progression seit 2016 — eine Zwischenbilanz
Authors: Warneke Matthias 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit 2016 findet ein Abbau der kalten Progression statt. Der Autor zeigt beispielhaft, inwiefern die Steuerzahler:innen durch diese Reform in den vergangenen fünf Jahren entlastet wurden und wertet dies als Zwischenerfolg für den Bund der Steuerzahler. Dieser Fortschritt sollte jedoch durch weitere Reformen abgesichert werden.
Host preference of Thrips hawaiiensis for different ornamental plants
Authors: Cao Yu , Reitz Stuart R. , Germinara Giacinto Salvatore , Wang Chun , Wang Lijuan , Yang Siyu , Gao Yulin , Zhang Wenqing , Li Can 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThrips hawaiiensisis a common thrips pest that damages the flowers of various plants. The differing population sizes ofT. hawaiiensisamong host plants suggest its preference and performance vary among host plants. In this study, the host fitness ofT. hawaiiensisfor different flowers was assessed through field investigation. The behavioral responses ofT. hawaiiensisto the color and volatiles of flowers eliciting different apparent fitness levels and their development and survival on the plants were also studied. Adults and larvae ofT. hawaiiensiswere found in the flowers of 21 species, which were classified into four fitness levels for this thrips species.T. hawaiiensisshowed significantly different visual responses to the color and olfactory responses to the volatiles of four tested flowers (each representing one of the four fitness levels), with the rankings of visual preferences forDianthus caryophyllus > Tulipa gesneriana > Hydrangea macrophylla > Rosa rugosa, and olfactory preferences forH. macrophylla ≥ T. gesneriana > D. caryophyllus > R. rugosa. Plant species had significant influences on the development and survival ofT. hawaiiensis, with developmental times from egg to adult of 9.58 d, 9.92 d, 10.35 d and 10.75 d onH. macrophylla,T. gesneriana,D. caryophyllusandR. rugosa, respectively, and corresponding survival rates of 76.33%, 71.33%, 64.00% and 59.00%. In summary, this study shows that olfactory preferences were consistent with the field performance ofT. hawaiiensison the four flower plants tested. Further, fitness levels of host plant flowers are correlated with development rate and survivorship ofT. hawaiiensis. Our study adds to the understanding of the mechanism of host selection by thrips and provides basic information to underpin the management ofT. hawaiiensison horticultural plants.
Standardization of sperm management for laboratory assessment of sperm quality and in vitro fertilization in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)
Authors: Bokor Z. , Żarski D. , Palińska-Żarska K. , Krejszeff S. , Król J. , Radóczi J. Ifj. , Horváth Á. , Várkonyi L. , Urbányi B. , Bernáth G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSperm handling procedures and its usage for in vitro fertilization are crucial for standardized experimental operations on evaluation of reproductive performance, gamete quality, and optimization of fertilization protocols. In our study, the changes in perch sperm motility parameters within 6-h chilled storage and using 4 different activating solutions were compared. Eight different sperm-to-egg ratio was also compared during fertilization. Sperm activated with modified activating solution for cyprinids (78±11%), common perch activating solution (68±16%), modified Lahnsteiner activating solution (75±16%), and Woynárovich solution (76±13%) showed similar progressive motility at 10 s after activation. At 30 s after activation, progressive motility decreased below 5%, regardless the activating solution used. Progressive motility decreased significantly already after 2 h of storage (51±19%) in comparison with 0 h (78±5%). The highest average fertilization rate (using common perch activating solution) was observed with a sperm-to-egg ratio 2.5×105:1 (80±9%), where the smallest variability in the values was also recorded (coefficient of variation: 11%). However, no significant difference was detected among the 8 sperm-to-egg ratio groups. According to our findings, undiluted fresh perch sperm is recommended to use in 1 h post-stripping. Modified Lahnsteiner’s activating solution can be applied efficiently for quality assessment where common perch activating solution is applicable for fertilization in Eurasian perch. A sperm-to-egg ratio 2.5×105:1 already allows to achieve a high fertilization rate; however, the finding is needed to be tested also at hatchery level (higher number of eggs).
Challenging career models in higher education: the influence of internal career scripts and the rise of the “concertina” career
Authors: Whitchurch Celia , Locke William , Marini Giulio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe paper develops the metaphorical concept of the “concertina” career to describe ways in which academic staff, across a diversifying workforce, modulate their interactions with institutional career frameworks, which tend to be unilinear and to be characterised by detailed progression criteria and milestones. In doing this, they are guided by Internal career scripts, providing an additional dimension to the dichotomy of boundaried and boundaryless careers found in the literature. Drawing on a longitudinal study between 2017 and 2020, of forty-nine mid-career academic staff across eight UK universities, consideration is given to individuals’ spatial movements, for instance, between academic activities, and professional and personal commitments; and the manipulation of timescales to accelerate or decelerate career progress in relation to opportunities and constraints. The study shows ways in which the spatial parameters of a career are being stretched in order to accommodate new forms of academic work supplementing disciplinary activity, such as online learning, employability initiatives and public engagement, as well as work-life considerations. In addition, individuals are adapting timescales to accommodate professional activities such as health practice or community outreach, as well as personal commitments such as caring responsibilities. Thus, in the concertina career, individuals expand and contract activity, as well as extending and compressing timescales. As a result, it is concluded that institutional career models do not entirely reflect the reality of career-making by individuals, which is likely to involve detours (therefore a spatial dimension) and a disruption of assumed timelines (therefore a temporal dimension).
Prevention the formation of biofilm on orthopedic implants by melittin thin layer on chitosan/bioactive glass/vancomycin coatings
Authors: Zarghami Vahid , Ghorbani Mohammad , Bagheri Kamran Pooshang , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMethicillin-resistant and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA and VRSA, respectively) can seriously jeopardizes bone implants. This research aimed to examine the potential synergistic effects of Melittin and vancomycin in preventing MRSA and VRSA associated bone implant infections. Chitosan/bioactive glass nanoparticles/vancomycin composites were coated on hydrothermally etched titanium substrates by casting method. The composite coatings were coated by Melittin through drop casting technique. Melittin raised the proliferation of MC3T3 cells, making it an appropriate option as osteoinductive and antibacterial substance in coatings of orthopedic implants. Composite coatings having combined vancomycin and Melittin eliminated both planktonic and adherent MRSA and VRSA bacteria, whereas coatings containing one of them failed to kill the whole VRSA bacteria. Therefore, chitosan/bioactive glass/vancomycin/Melittin coating can be used as a bone implant coating because of its anti-infective properties.