bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview and research progress of no reference image quality evaluation methods
Authors: Wang Hao Yue , Chen XiangNing , Du ShuHan , Xu BiJie , Liu Yan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Image quality will greatly affect the acquisition of human visual information, but the image will inevitably cause a certain degree of distortion in the process of transmission, compression, coding and so on. At this time, the accuracy of image quality evaluation (IQA) is particularly important, which also makes IQA an important research direction in the field of image processing. IQA methods are divided into subjective image quality evaluation method and objective image quality evaluation method.there are many subjective evaluation methods, and the international telecommunications union (ITU) has also proposed many subjective evaluation methods and standards. there are three most commonly used methods, namely, the double stimulation continuous quality classification method, the single stimulation continuous quality classification method and the double stimulation damage classification method. Correspondingly, there are three kinds of objective evaluation methods, full reference, half reference and no reference. At present, this paper selects the research focus of IQA field-no reference image quality evaluation method as the main research object, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each non-reference evaluation method, and prospects the future development of the non-reference image quality evaluation method.
Mono-pulse radar angle estimation algorithm under low signal-to-noise ratio
Authors: Dong Wenhao , Wang Jingyi , Song Zhiyong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), in order to improve the angle measurement accuracy of the mono-pulse radar seeker, a target angle estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm takes the target angle as a state variable under the Bayesian framework, expands it to the state vector, performs state modeling and observation modeling on it, and builds a particle-based eye angle estimator, which improves the target angle estimation performance. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by the simulation data of the medium pulse repetition frequency radar seeker.
Convolutional Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory Network based Dynamic Fault Diagnosis for Transformer DGA
Authors: Luo Lin , Pei Xiaodeng , Shuai Chen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) method is one of the important methods to detect early internal faults in transformers. Aiming at the shortcomings of feature extraction and online modelling in the analysis model based on shallow layer, a transformer DGA online fault diagnosis method combining convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short term memory network is proposed in this paper. By using multi-time characteristic gas data as the input of the diagnostic model, combined with convolution and pooling, the fault sensitive features were extracted, and the time dimension features were extracted by using the recursive neural network with gated structure. Under various evaluation criteria, it is compared with convolutional neural network, bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network and dynamic support vector machine. The experimental results show that the online transformer diagnosis model proposed in this paper, which considers both time and space characteristics, has higher prediction accuracy.
β-Glucan Extraction from Mycelium in Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and Schizophyllum commune
Authors: Nasir A M , Ruslan N R N , Zakaria Z , Hassan S A M , Ishak N , Rohaizad N M , Gunny A A N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the biomass waste produced from the production of mushroom which generating disposal problems. To overcome the problem the extraction of bioactive compound such as β-glucan from the waste SMS could solve the problem and can also increase its added value. β-glucan appears to be promising for aiding in the cure of tumorous disease and help to reduce the cholesterol levels in blood. In this study, β-glucan was extracted and compared from two different commercial mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus and Schizophyllum commune) from its fruiting body and mycelium on solid waste SMS using chemical extraction methods. The characteristics of physical structure, functional group and properties of extracted β-glucan was investigated. Here, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and screening electron microscope (SEM) were used to identify and evaluated the structural conformations of β-glucan and physical structure. The functional properties, swelling power, viscosity and fat binding capacity were analyzed. Based on results, mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus shown highest swelling power (11.74 g/g) and fat binding capacity (12.09 g oil/g sample) while, mycelia of Schizophyllum commune shown the highest viscosity (11.85 cP). Since the value for all functional properties shown the highest value on mycelium compare to fruiting body, thus it is strength that β-glucan extraction from mycelium solid waste has high novel properties compare with mushroom fruiting body.
Co-pyrolysis of lemongrass waste and residual cooking oil in a fixed bed reactor
Authors: Ahmad R , Baharein N A F K , Mohamed A R , Kasim N N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of lemongrass waste and residual cooking oil was examined in a fixed bed reactor. The goal was to study the effect of pyrolysis parameters on bio-oil yield. Bio-oil product characteristics between lemongrass pyrolysis and residual cooking oil co-pyrolysis were analysed. The variable parameters were temperature (350, 400, 450 and 500 ° C), particle size lemongrass (< 150, 150, 212, 300 and 425μm) and holding time (3, 5 and 7 minutes). The mixing ratios of lemongrass waste to waste cooking oil were respectively 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 60:40 and 50:50. The optimal temperature was 400 °C with the highest yield of 30.5 percent bio-oil at the particle size of 300 μm, holding time of 5 minutes and the mixing ratio of 80:20. The addition of residual cooking oil increased the quality of the bio-oil obtained in term of phenol compounds.
Production of fuel grade anhydrous ethanol: a review
Authors: Lee Y H , Chen C H , Umi Fazara M A , Irfan Hatim M D Mohd 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Alcoholic fermentation of fermentable carbon sources like molasses and table sugar using yeast are typical route in producing alcohol particularly known as bioethanol (C2H5OH). The key challenge encountered in bioethanol production process is to eliminate the impurity presence within the bioethanol which mainly water. Distillation is an energy extensive process which commonly used to recover ethanol up to 95% purity due to the presence of azeotropic composition. The distillation will no longer appropriate for further purification once the azeotrope composition has reached. Nonetheless, to be able to use as a viable fuel for gasoline engine or for any other utilizations where the purity is a major concern, further dehydration steps are needed producing an absolute ethanol. Few studies have been investigated on various dehydration methods for producing anhydrous ethanol, including azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, adsorption, membrane pervaporation, and solvent extraction process. This review offers an insight into currently used technology on the ethanol dehydration methods and the future prospect on the continuous improvement particularly on the process energy requirement and efficiency will be discussed.
Gender Identification of Sitophilus oryzae using Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine: A comparison study
Authors: Azis T M F , Kasim K F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil) known as severe pest to many stored products, including rice. Gender density of S. oryzae is a critical information in predicting the rate of stored grain lost. However, the techniques used in gender identification of S. oryzae is a destructive technique which involved dissection to identify its reproductive organ. It was a tidious work and very time consuming. Thus, this study focused on the use of non destructive technique which only based on numerical information of S. oryzae morphological features to identify its gender. The numerical information was analysed and tested against two model i.e. Discriminant Analysis Model and Support Vector Machine Model. The result show that rostrum length and width were adequate to be used in the Discriminant Analysis Model for gender identification of S. oryzae with 91% correct classification, while Support Vector Machine Model perform poorly in classification with 62% correct classification. Gender identification of S. oryzae using numerical information features were more accurate and liable compared to normal identification which based on the internal reproductive organ.
Production of bioprotein from oil palm fronds by Aspergillus terreus strain UniMAP AA-1
Authors: Rahman K H A , Ariffin N A , Abdul Rahim A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bioprotein is an alternative source that can be used to substitute the conventional protein source. In order to produce bioprotein, agricultural wastes can be utilized by microorganisms as substrates. Therefore, in this study, the utilization of oil palm fronds (OPF) as a substrate for the production of bioprotein by Aspergillus terreus strain UniMAP AA-1 through solid-state fermentation was investigated. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the production of bioprotein developed from OPF as a substrate and to optimize the physical parameters affecting bioprotein production. Solid state fermentation was carried out in conical flasks with 20 g of working volume at 30°C for 7 days. The fermentation time which produced the highest bioprotein was recorded at day 5. After that, the effects of temperature, substrate concentration and inoculum size were screened through 2-Level factorial design. Substrate concentration and temperature for the fermentation process were further optimized using Response Surface Methodology through Central Composite Design. As a result, maximum bioprotein produced was 0.7348 mg/mL at the temperature of 34.69°C, 58.06% w/v of substrate concentration and 5% v/v inoculum size. The data obtained in this study is potentially applicable in the scale-up production of bioprotein from OPF by A. terreus strain UniMAP AA-1 in the future.
Identification of the Chemical Constituents of Curcuma caesia (Black Turmeric) Hydrosol Extracted by Hydro-distillation Method
Authors: Fatt L C , Rahman N W A , Aziz M A A , Isa K M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Curcuma caesia (black turmeric), a perennial herb that has a distinguishable bluish-black rhizome with a bitter and pungent smell and is widely used and extracted for its medicinal values. C. caesia extracted by hydro-distillation method produce essential oil and hydrosol. The essential oil of C. caesia is known for its high medicinal value, but the chemical constituent of the hydrosol is yet to be studied. Hence, this study will investigate the chemical constituent of the hydrosol of C. caesia’s rhizome extracted by hydro-distillation to comprehend the benefits and usages of the hydrosol produced for further research in pharmaceutical and natural products industries. Besides, hydro-distillation is carried out in different temperatures to study the effect of temperature on the active compounds in the hydrosol. Hydro-distillation of powdered rhizome is used to obtain the hydrosol of C. caesia at the temperature of 60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C before being separated by using a rotary evaporator. The sample is then analyzed by using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). From FTIR analysis, the functional groups found in the hydrosol were OH, C=C and -NH groups. As the temperature increased, more components were decomposed. Hence, lesser functional groups were found in the hydrosol at 100 °C as compared to 60 °C. Chemical constituents of the hydrosol of C. caesia were identified by GC-MS analysis, with camphor (0.57%) as the only major component at 100 °C. Comparing the chemical constituents of the hydrosol at 60°C and 80°C, the elevated temperature of hydro-distillation caused decomposition of the chemical constituents of the hydrosol due to changes of properties. The chemical constituents of the hydrosol of C. caesia were significantly different from the essential oil qualitatively and quantitatively, with the medicinal value of the hydrosol was uncertain due to the trace amount of camphor and other chemical constituents possessed in the hydrosol.
Pressure retarded osmosis – a multi-functional osmotic energy membrane-based harvest technology
Authors: Sark J F , Jullok N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a re-emerging membrane-based technology to harvest salinity gradient energy (SGE). Membrane is the key factor to further PRO development. Polymer blend is an effective method to enhance membrane properties. In this work, conventional polysulfone (PSf) and polyethersulfone (PES) were blended in 1:1 ratio to fabricate the support membrane. The intrinsic water and salt permeabilities of PSf:PES membrane were enhanced to 1.90 ± 0.42 LMH/bar and 0.46 ± 0.10 gMH, respectively compared to the pristine PSf and PES with only slight drop (1.2 %) in salt rejection of 97.7 %. PSf:PES membrane gave the highest water fluxes of 26.19 and 22.62 LMH at applied hydraulic pressure of 2 and 4 bar, respectively. The resultant power density obtained was 1.46 and 2.51 W/m 2 with the respective hydraulic pressure. The PSf:PES membrane substrate was found to bring a positive impact on the IP reaction with resultant fully cross-linked, leaf-like PA structure which ultimately gives a greater surface/volume ratio on its respective TFC PRO membrane performance.
Perlis Sunshine Mango Seed Flour Body Scrub: Product Development for Physical and Sensory Properties
Authors: Bahari R , Kasim K F , Ya’acob W S N Wan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mango had a large scale of usage in industry as active ingredient in juice, flavor, fragrance and color agents. After the industrial consumption, 18% of mango seed were produced as the by-product. Mango seed could be converted to value added products such as additional ingredient in cosmetic product which would reduce the environmental pollution and minimize the waste production. Thus, the purpose of this project were to analyze the texture of Perlis Sunshine mango seed flour that made of three different ratios which Sample 1 consist of 97% wheat flour to 3% Perlis Sunshine mango seed flour, Sample 2 (95 : 5) and Sample 3 (90 : 10), to formulate body scrub from Perlis Sunshine mango seed flour and to analyze the physical and functional properties of the body scrub. Then, two types of body scrub from Perlis Sunshine mango seed flour were formulated using sea salt and brown sugar as the main exfoliant and each type were divided into four samples (control sample, sample 1, sample 2, sample 3). Next, physical analyses had been done which the moisture content for salt scrub and sugar scrub obtained were below 14% which considered in acceptable range. For water activity (aw), the value obtained from all sugar scrub samples were acceptable as the value were below than 0.94aw. Next for sample hardness of texture analyses of sample 1 of salt scrub had the best value which was 41.33g. For oil holding capacity, sample 3 of sugar scrub had the highest value which was 37.94%. In conclusion, sample 3 of salt scrub was the best formulation compare to other samples.
Removal of methylthioninium chloride dye from aqueous solution using cogon grass as adsorbent
Authors: Isa N M M , Yatim N S M , Zabanor N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the removal Methylthioninium Chloride dye using cogon grass to treat the effluent. The effects of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and contact time were studied. Funtional group properties of cogon grass had been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption process attained equilibrium around 50 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 46.30 mg/g with optimized condition of adsorbent dosage 0.1 g at temperature 30 °C for 50 minutes. The adsorption kinetics of Methylthioninium Chloride with cogon grass suit into non-linear pseudo-second order reaction model that refers to the amount of adsorbate and amount of solute adsorbed on adsorbent surface at equilibrium. It was also found that the Langmuir isotherm fit better (R 2 = 0.9959) compare to the Freundlich isotherm (R 2 = 0.4093). The high levels of color removals were achieved with low contact times; and the cogon grass can be effectively used as adsorbent of methylthioninium chloride in aqueous solutions. These results prove that cogon grass is highly potential to be used as low-cost adsorbent for the dye removal from industrial wastewater.
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of oleochemical waste oil into paraffins using iron molybdate (Fe-Mo-O) catalyst
Authors: Mohamad N A , Foo S P , Nagai M , Izhar S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 1-dodecanol (C12 fatty alcohol) in oleochemical waste oil was investigated in a continuous fixed-bed reactor using Fe-Mo-O catalyst between 200-300°C, 10-20 bars, and at fixed GHSV of 5121 hr -1. The characterization of the product components was analyzed by GC-MS and further quantified by GC-FID to evaluate the effect of temperature and pressure on the HDO of 1-dodecanol to paraffin such as dodecane and lower carbon number of hydrocarbons. The reaction temperature is the most critical operating parameter that affects the performance of the HDO reaction. Conversion of 1-dodecanol increased up to 98.5% with increasing reaction temperature, while at 250°C, the dodecane selectivity was the highest. Two distinct HDO pathways were distinguished: dehydration-hydrogenation (Path 1) and dehydrogenation-decarbonylation/decarboxylation (Path 2). The high temperature and low pressure of the HDO promoted Path 2 route to produce paraffin with a lower carbon number from the reactant. The selectivity of dodecane was low, probably due to the cracking process that occurred at 300°C. The conversion of 1-dodecanol decreased with the increasing pressure, while dodecane’s production rate follows the reverse trend of the conversion. High pressure of HDO promoted Path 1 route due to the higher selectivity of dodecane. In conclusion, the optimal temperature and pressure for HDO of oleochemical waste oil over Fe-Mo-O catalyst are 250°C and 20 bars, which gave the highest conversion towards dodecane and C12 paraffin.
Spin-polarized Density Functional Theory on Iron-decorated Planar Aluminene Systems for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Villagracia A R C , Ong H L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The storage of hydrogen gas produced from different processes such as biomass gasification is one of the challenges towards hydrogen economy to achieve a sustainable clean energy. Different 2D materials are being explored for a suitable storage such as aluminene due to its large surface area. In this work, we investigated using spin polarized density functional theory the adsorption of iron on the different sites of planar aluminene: top, bridge and hollow. Results showed that iron can be adsorbed on aluminene on all sites favoring the hollow site with a binding energy of -7.83 eV. The charge density differences show charge transfers from the aluminum atom towards the iron atoms indicating chemical bond. Results showed net magnetization based on the density of states which can be utilize for reversible hydrogen gas induced magnetization switching for hydrogen storage. Hydrogen is physisorped on the Fe atoms located at the top and bridge site of aluminene without energy barrier, while hydrogen is chemisorped on Fe atom located at the hollow site with an energy barrier of 0.063 eV. These results are indicative that Fe-decorated aluminene systems can be a good hydrogen storage material.
Assessment of Power Generation from Dewatered Sludge using Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Sabri M N I M , Shamsuddin N A , Alias M F A , Tajaruddin H A , Makhtar MM Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Water and energy security are gaining high interest of many researchers and intensive exploration took place around the global. Membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) has been emerging as one of the popular wastewater treatment-based technology to provide clean water and green energy. MFC are bio-electrical devices that harness the natural metabolism of electrogenic bacteria (EB) to produce electrical energy. In this study, Bacillus subtilis (BS) was used to catalyst the transformation of carbon source in dewatered sludge into renewable energy. From the study, the MFCs were tested to see the robustness of the MFC by exposing them to the ambient temperature (25± 1°C) with the parameter of pH (6), electrode distance (6 cm), initial moisture content (30 % vol/wt) were set as constant. The result focused on the performance of the ML-MFC during noon (8-10 am and 4-6 pm) as these were the periods which BS recorded actively growth (increment of ±5.167 × 10 -3mg/L of biomass per day). The ML-MFCs were carried out for 7 days incubation period and the BS growth reflected significantly on the voltage and power generated. The highest voltage and power density were recorded which were 90 mV and 8.793Watt/m 2 (at morning on 6th day), respectively. Moreover, observation gram staining of BS under a light microscope indicated a purple appearance due to thick peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. Obviously, this study could be the bench mark of the practicality of the MFC technology which projected to be implemented in remote area where the natural environment condition is the surrounding parameter of the MFC same like in current study.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Combustion Characteristics in Swirling Fluidized Bed Gasifier Using Palm Cake as Feedstock
Authors: Suksuwan Wasu , Batcha Mohd Faizal Mohideen , Palamanit Arkom , Wae-hayee Makatar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, combustion characteristics in swirling fluidized bed gasifier using palm cake as feedstock was studied experimentally and numerically. A 3-D numerical model of reactor was created using ANSYS (Fluent) and was compared with experiment in the same scale. The diameter (D) was 0.20 m, and the reactor length was 1.50 m. The double air inlet pipe with an inner diameter of 46.8 mm was assembled tangentially to the bottom of the reactor. An equivalent ratio (ER) was fixed at ER=0.3. The results showed that the result of experiment and numerical studies is almost similar. For highest temperature of the reactor occurred in combustion zone which is high from reference point (bottom end of the reactor) of 0.25 m for experiment and 0.35 m. for simulation. For swirling flow pattern was occurred at the bottom rather than the top of the reactor. So, the result of numerical studies can predict the phenomena inside the reactor which is similar to experiment test.