bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Capacity of COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate
Authors: Fenga Livio , Gaspari Mauro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 infections can spread silently, due to the simultaneous presence of significant numbers of both critical and asymptomatic to mild cases. While for the former reliable data are available (in the form of number of hospitalization and/or beds in intensive care units), this is not the case of the latter. Hence, analytical tools designed to generate reliable forecast and future scenarios, should be implemented to help decision makers planning ahead (e.g. medical structures and equipment). Previous work of one of the authors shows that an alternative formulation of the Test Positivity Rate (TPR), i.e. the proportion of the number of persons tested positive in a given day, exhibits a strong correlation with the number of patients admitted in hospital and intensive care units. In this paper, we investigate the lagged correlation structure between the newly defined TPR and the hospitalized people time series, exploiting a rigorous statistical model, the Seasonal Auto Regressive Moving Average (SARIM A). The rigorous analytical framework chosen, i.e. the stochastic processes theory, allowed for a reliable forecasting about 12 days ahead, of those
quantities. The proposed approach would also allow decision makers to forecast the number of beds in hospitals and intensive care units needed 12 days ahead. The obtained results show that a standardized TPR index is a valuable metric to monitor the growth of the COVID-19 epidemic.
The index can be computed on daily basis and it is probably one of the best forecasting tools available today for predicting hospital and intensive care units overload, being an optimal compromise between simplicity of calculation and accuracy.
Oral RNA Interference Therapy for Celiac Disease using a Polymeric Microsphere Formulation
Authors: Attarwala Husain Z. , Suri Kanika , Amiji Mansoor M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by activation of the immune system in response to deamidation of gluten peptides brought about by tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2). Overexpression of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in the intestinal epithelium and the lamina propria leads to the dysregulation of the immune system, leading to epithelial damage. The goal of this study was to develop an RNA interference therapeutic strategy for celiac disease using a combination of TG2 and IL-15 gene silencing in the inflamed intestine. TG2 and IL-15 silencing siRNA sequences, along with scrambled control, were encapsulated in Nanoparticle-in-Microsphere Oral System (NiMOS) and administered in poly(I:C) mouse model of celiac disease. Single TG2 and IL-15 siRNA therapy as well the combination showed effective gene silencing in vivo. Additionally, it was found that IL-15 gene silencing alone and combination in NiMOS significantly reduced other proinflammatory cytokines. The tissue histopathology data also confirmed a reduction in immune cell infiltration as well as restoration of the mucosal architecture and barrier function in the intestine upon treatment. Overall, the results of this study show evidence that celiac disease can be potentially treated with an oral microsphere formulation using a combination of TG2 and IL-15 RNA interference therapeutic strategy.
Use of an antiviral mouthwash as an additional barrier measure in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in adults with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Carrouel  , Valette  , Gadea  , Esparcieux  , Illes  , Langlois  , Perrier  , Dussart  , Tramini  , Ribaud  , Bouscambert-Duchamp  , Bourgeois  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The research hypothesis is that commercially available mouthwash with ß-cyclodextrin and citrox (bioflavonoids) could decrease the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) salivary viral load in adults with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19. Methods In this RCT, SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients aged 18-85 years with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 symptoms <8 days were recruited. A total of 154 eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to antiviral ß-cyclodextrin and citrox mouthwash (CDCM) or placebo. Three rinses daily were performed for 7 days. Saliva sampling was performed on day 1 at 9 a.m. (T1), 1 p.m. (T2) and 6 p.m. (T3). On the following 6 days, one sample was taken at 3 p.m. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04349592). Findings CDCM was significantly more effective than placebo 4 hours after the first intake (p<0·001), with a median percentage decrease T1-T2 of -14·25% [95% CI; -32·68% - 0·06%]. In patients with an initial salivary load > 2·95 log10 copies/mL, there was a significant difference in the reduction in viral load at T2. Over the course of one day, the first mouthwash rinse significantly reduced the viral load, and the second dose maintained this low value, compared to placebo. At day 7, there was still a greater decrease in salivary viral load over time in the CDCM group. In individuals with an initial viral SARS-CoV-2 load higher than 4·12 log10 copies/mL or 5·16 log10 copies/mL, CDCM reduced the salivary viral load more quickly than placebo (MLM p-value = 0·03; 0·029). Interpretation This trial supports the relevance of using mouthwash with ß-cyclodextrin and citrox as an additional barrier measure on day 1 to reduce the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. Over 7 days, the use of this mouthwash showed a benefit of viral load reduction for patients with the highest initial loads.
Endurance training intensity has greater effects than volume on heart rate variability and arterial stiffness adaptations in sedentary adult men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Soltani Mohammad , Baluchi Masoud Jokar , Boullosa Daniel , Daraei Ali , Govindasamy Karuppasamy , Dehbaghi Kambiz Moradi , Mollabashi Shirin Shirzad , Doyle–Baker Patricia K. , Basati Gholam , Saeidi Ayoub , Zouhal Hassane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The current study investigated the chronic effects of high-volume moderate-intensity training and low-volume high-intensity training on heart rate variability (HRV) and arterial stiffness in sedentary adult men. Materials and methods: Forty-five males (age: 42± 5.7 yrs.) were randomly assigned into control group (n=15), high-volume moderate-intensity training (HVMIT) (n=15), and low-volume high-intensity training (LVHIT) (n=15). The HVMIT group ran three times per week, on the treadmill at 50% to 60% of VO2max for 45 to 60 minutes, while the LVHIT trained at 70% to 85% of VO2max for 25 to 40 minutes. Both training programs were equated by caloric expenditure. HRV, Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), hemodynamic variables, and body composition were measured before and after 12 weeks.Results: Both protocols (HVMIT and LVHIT) significantly increased the Standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and High-frequency (HF) bands after 12 weeks (p ˂ 0.05). The LF/HF ratio decreased significantly in both training groups (p ˂ 0.05). However, these changes were significantly greater in the LVHIT protocol (p ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, the Root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) significantly increased only in the LVHIT protocol (P ˂ 0.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in low-frequency (LF) and PWV was only observed following the LVHIT protocol (P ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that the LVHIT protocol is more effective and efficient for improving HRV variables and PWV than the HVMIT protocol.
HIV infection and multiple drug resistant tuberculosis: the frequency of co-infection and treatment efficacy
Authors: Filinyuk O. V. , Alliluev A. S. , Аmichba D. E. , Golubchikov P. N. , Popelo Yu. S. , Dobkina M. N. 
Published: March 2021

The objective of the study: in Tomsk Region, to establish the frequency of multiple drug resistance (MDR) of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in new tuberculosis patients with the reference to their HIV status and to assess their treatment outcomes.Subjects and methods. The presented results were obtained from a retrospective cohort study of 788 new tuberculosis patients who were registered for MDR TB treatment at Tomsk Phthisiopulmonology Medical Center from January 2017 to April 2019.Results. In Tomsk Region, the level of primary MDR reaches 31.3% in patients with TB/HIV co-infection, while in HIV negative tuberculosis patients, this rate is 24.2%. The incidence of primary MDR/XDR MTB reaches 40% among deceased patients with TB/HIV co-infection. Treatment efficacy in MDR/XDR TB patients with associated HIV infection is low – the effective treatment was achieved only in 7.3% of them. In general (excluding the data on MTB drug resistance and antiretroviral therapy), treatment efficacy of tuberculosis patients with HIV infection is significantly lower versus HIV negative tuberculosis patients: 37.7% and 61.9%, respectively, OR 0.38 [0.28; 0.50], p = 0.001.
Learning through Watching: Using Animation Movie to Improve Students’ Writing Ability
Authors: Silvani Dea 
Published: March 2021

<p><em>Writing is often considered as a complicated skill to master. In order to be able to write effectively, there are several aspects to consider, which often make students face some problems in composing a written text. Thus, the use of the appropriate instructional media is necessary to help students overcome those problems, and enhance their writing ability. This classroom action research aims to investigate the improvement of students’ writ</em><em>ing</em><em> skill</em><em> </em><em>through the use of animation movie as the instructional media. The participants of this research were two observers and </em><em>38</em><em> second grade senior high school</em><em> students</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>This research used observation as the technique of collecting the qualitative data about the teaching and learning process, which then analyzed by using </em><em>thematic analysis. Meanwhile, writing tests were used to obtain the quantitative data about the students’ scores </em><em>o</em><em>n the test given at the end of the cycles. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the quantitative data obtained in this study. The research result showed that their average scores increased from the pre-test (75.68), to the post test in cycle 1 (78.71) and the post- test in cycle 2 (83.55). It indicated that their writing skill was also increased. Therefore, the use of animation movie in English class can improve the second grade senior high school students’ writing skill</em><em>.</em></p>
Pragmatic Analysis of Flouting Maxim in Donald Trump’s Interview with TIME in the Oval Office 2020
Authors: Latifatun Nuzulia Isma Farikha 
Published: March 2021

<p align="justify"><em>The purpose of this research is to define a linguistic feature based on Donald Trump’s interview with TIME since Trump is a politician who has the power to influence others, and it can be extremely essential to analyze how the hidden meaning in his utterance images him as a public figure. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method because the object of the study is a transcript containing utterance and conversation. Grice's (1975) theory is used in this study to define the flouting maxim that occurs during the interview. The result of this study is that 11 utterances containing flouting maxim of quantity, 3 flouting the maxim of relation, 2 flouting the maxim of manner, and no flouting maxim of quality is found in this study. After analyzing the finding, the most dominant found types is flouting maxim of quantity which means that Trump frequently gives more information than required to express his interest and to show his power as a president and his nationalism as representative of American. </em><em></em></p>
Bladder Cancer: Update on Risk Factors, Molecular and Ultrastructural
Patterns
Authors: Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Pechnikova Valentina V. , Pshikhachev Akhmed M. , Rogov Konstantin A. , Gusniev Magomed A. , Patsap Olga I. , Vasyukova Olesya A. , Akopyan Emma P. , Beylerli Ozal , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
The molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer development and progression are not clear. Bladder cancer is an important focus for epidemiological studies and understanding clinical implications.

Goal:
The primary aim of prevention is achieved by limiting exposure to non-genetic risk factors such as smoking, diet, arsenic in drinking water, or aromatic amines at work or elsewhere. Current therapies for bladder cancer are affected by tumor morphology and associated acquired genetic mutations.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases to find studies of bladder cancer published between 1984 and early 2020. The focus was articles that address epidemiological risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Articles were selected that enabled our review of these factors as well as molecular and structural patterns.

Results:
There are multiple views of bladder cancer. The literature offers a number of novel insights regarding the development and progression of bladder cancer and possible biomarkers that may be useful in clinical and diagnostic practice.

Conclusion:
There are several molecular pathways associated with bladder cancer that are frequently updated. In addition, genetic subtypes of bladder tumors are not distinguished clearly that requires future more detailed analysis.
Recent Advances in the Transition Metal-Catalyzed Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Alkynes
Authors: Cadierno Victorio 
Published: March 2021

:
Recent advances in the metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkynes with carboxylic acids are comprehensively reviewed. Both inter- and intramolecular processes, leading respectively to enol esters and lactones, are discussed, as well as the involvement of these transformations in the synthesis of natural products and biologically active molecules, and the assembly of elaborated heterocyclic compounds though cascade processes. Literature published since 2011 is covered.
Current Application of Chemometrics Analysis in Authentication of Natural Products: A Review
Authors: Rebiai Abdelkrim , Hemmami Hadia , Zeghoud Soumeia , Ben Seghir Bachir , Kouadri Imane , Eddine Laouini Salah , Elboughdiri Noureddine , Ghareba Saad , Ghernaout Djamel , Abbas Nadir 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The efficiency of herbal medicinal products depends on the quantity of
active ingredients in them, which can vary considerably in different contents. Hence, the quality
control of herbal medicines is a critical concern.

Objective:
This paper aims to provide a succinct review of recent chemometrics applications in
solving the uncertainty of the authentication of herbal medicines over the last two decades.

Methodology:
Studies involving chemometrics applications in conjunction with various analytical
methods have been categorized according to the type of research used in the quality evaluation of
different samples, including chromatographic (HPLC, GC-MS) and spectroscopic analysis (UVVis,
FTIR, NMR, and MS).

Results:
This review consists of over 90 studies illustrating the relevance of chemometrics
methods in the discrimination based on the key bioactive components and phytochemical diversity
of several herbs from closely related species. In addition to the prediction of the active
components, the distinction between varieties and hybrids was accomplished through quantitative
analysis techniques.

Conclusion:
Methods of chemometrics have provided an important and potent tool for the quality
control and authentication of various herbs.
Oncolytic Adenovirus H101 Synergizes with Radiation in Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Duan Yixin , Bai Haixia , Li Xiang , Wang Depu , Wang Ying , Cao Meng , Zhang Nana , Chen Hongwei , Wang Yili 
Published: March 2021

Background::
A major challenge in cervical cancer radiotherapy is tailoring the radiation
doses efficiently to eliminate malignant cells and reduce the side effects in normal tissues. Oncolytic
adenovirus drug H101 was recently tested and approved as a topical adjuvant treatment for several
malignancies.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the potential neoadjuvant radiotherapy benefits of H101 by
testing the inhibitory function of H101 in combination with radiation in different cervical cancer
cells.

Methods:
Human cervical cancer cell lines C33a, SiHa, CaSki, and HeLa were treated with varying
concentrations of H101 alone or in combination with radiation (2 Gy or 4 Gy). Cell viability
and apoptosis were measured at the indicated time intervals. HPV16 E6 and cellular p53 mRNA expression
alteration was measured by qRT-PCR. In situ RNA scope was used to determine HPV E6
status. P53 protein alterations were detected by Western blot.

Results:
Cell viability and apoptosis assays revealed that the combination of a high dose of H101
(MOI=1000, 10000) with radiation yielded a synergistic anticancer effect in all tested cervical cancer
cell lines (P<0.05), with the greatest effect achieved in HPV-negative C33a cells (P<0.05).
Low-HPV16-viral-load SiHa cells were more sensitive to the combination therapy than high-HPV16-
viral-load CaSki cells (P<0.05). The combined treatment reduced HPV16 E6 expression and
increased cellular P53 levels compared to those observed with radiation alone in SiHa and CaSki
cells (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Oncolytic adenovirus H101 effectively enhances the antitumor efficacy of radiation in
cervical cancer cells and may serve as a novel combination therapy for cervical cancer.
Benzothiazole: Synthetic Strategies, Biological Potential, and Interactions
with Targets
Authors: Singh Chanchal , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kumar Ajay , Sahu Rakesh , Mishra Shivali , Abdullah Mohd. Mustaqeem 
Published: March 2021

:
Benzothiazole is a heterocyclic compound that contains a benzene ring fused with a five-member 1,3-thiazole ring. Several types of research have established its potential as an antimicrobial agent, anticancer agent, anti-epileptic agent, antiviral agent, etc. Nowadays, various effective drugs utilize the hybridization of two or more pharmacophores in a single-molecule for synergizing its pharmacological action or to interact with more than one target or to reduce the side effects associated with it. In this article, various strategies for the synthesis of different pharmacologically active hybrid compounds containing benzothiazole with different substituents are highlighted. Apart from presenting the synthesis strategies, the article also highlights various pharmacological actions and molecular interactions with different biological molecules of the potential drugs containing benzothiazole.
Hypovitaminosis D in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Frequency and Consequences
Authors: Elolemy Gehan , Hassan Waleed , Nasr Mohamed , Baraka Eman 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in patients
with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) compared to healthy controls and evaluate its association with
disease activity, structural damage and Bone Mineral Density (BMD).

Methods:
Serum 25(OH) D in 30 AS male patients was compared to 30 matched healthy controls.
AS disease activity was assessed using AS Disease Activity Score and C - reactive protein (ASDAS-
CRP). Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) were
used to assess the functional impairment and the spinal mobility, respectively. Radiological damage
was scored according to modified Stoke AS Spine Score (mSASSS) and BMD was measured
in the lumbar spine and femoral neck.

Results:
The mean serum 25(OH)D levels in AS patients were significantly lower compared to
healthy controls (27.73 ± 14.27 vs. 38.46 ± 8.11ng/ml, P <0.001). Among the patients, 60% exhibited
hypovitaminosis D. AS patients with hypovitaminosis D had significantly higher ASDAS-CRP
(p<0.001), BASFAI (p=0.0003) and mSASSS (p=0.04) scores. Additionally, BMD and Z scores at
lumbar and femoral sites were significantly reduced in patients with hypovitaminosis D (P < 0.05).
Serum 25(OH)D was positively correlated with BMD (lumbar and femoral; p=0.002 and p=0.01 respectively)
and Z scores (lumbar and femoral; p<0.001and p=0.01 respectively), whereas, negatively
correlated with ASDAS-CRP (p<0.001), BASFI (p<0.001), and mSASSS (p=0.003). ASDAS -
CRP was the only significant predictor of hypovitaminosis D in AS patients.

Conclusions:
Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent among AS patients and is associated with increased
risk of active disease, impaired function, radiographic severity and bone mineral loss. Future
studies with a larger sample size are recommended to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency on
radiological progression in AS and to address whether or not vitamin D supplementation will help
control the active disease.
Correlations and Influence of TAP2 Genes Polymorphisms and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Propensity
Authors: Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Nomani Hosein , Hatef Mohammad Reza , Afshari Jalil Tavakol , Abbasi Mahnaz , Esmaily Habibollah , Khodashahi Mandana 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
The present study was designed to evaluate the association of transporters associated
with antigen processing (TAP2) polymorphisms TAP2-379Ile > Val (rs1800454),
TAP2-665Thr > Ala (rs241447) and TAP2-565Ala > Thr (rs2228396) as a candidate gene with susceptibility
to the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Methods:
To analyze these three polymorphic variants, 88 patients with SLE and 100 healthy controls
from northeastern Iran were enrolled from May 2018 to July 2019. Genomic DNA polymorphisms
were performed by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction
(ARMS-PCR) technique. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.

Results:
In this cross-sectional study, there was a stratification between patients and controls. The
distribution of the frequency of Ala73 (41.5%) allele at TAP2/665 and Ile 19 (10.8%) allele at
TAP2/379 was higher in patients. Additionally, the Ala/Ala 13(14.8%) and Ala/Thr 49(55.7%)
genotypes distributions at 665 positions were higher in SLE patients compared to the controls. Furthermore,
frequencies of TAP2*H allele significantly increased in SLE patients 10(5.71%)
(P=0.01). Frequency of TAP2*A allele in the control group was 120(60%) (p=0.06) due to the dominant
genetic model. This allele has a protective effect against SLE. There was no relationship between
TAP2*D, TAP2*E, TAP2*F and TAP2*G alleles with the outbreak of SLE.

Conclusions:
Our data indicated that genetic variants in TAP2 gene may be associated with SLE disease.
A correlation between Ala allele at TAP2/665 and Ile allele at TAP2/379 polymorphisms and
pathogenesis of SLE was observed.