bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate lobbying and the value of firms: The case of defense firms and the 9/11 terrorist attacks
Authors: Blau Benjamin M. , Griffith Todd G. , Larsen Derek , Whitby Ryan J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe examine the stock prices of defense firms surrounding the reopening of markets after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The cumulative abnormal returns for defense firms increased dramatically in response to the attacks, which is arguably explained by the expectation of impending military conflict and the possibility of new defense spending. Perhaps more interestingly, a substantial amount of the variation in the price response across defense firms is driven by whether or not the firm had established political connections through lobbying activities or political action committee contributions before the attacks. These findings seem to support the notion that market participants perceived that defense firms with political connections were more likely to secure future military contracts.
Mining a photo library: Eggs and egg sacs in a major spider family
Authors: Huber Bernhard A. , Eberle Jonas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study explores the potential use of photos for extracting basic data on spider eggs and presents a first rough but comprehensive overview of egg sizes, egg numbers per egg sac, and egg sac shapes in 468 species of pholcid spiders representing 73 genera. Egg diameters ranged 0.29–1.73 mm; egg numbers ranged 3–110. Egg sacs were mostly round or oval, but tended to be elongated in species with elongated abdomens, and flattened in very short‐legged species. Potential effects of female body size, abdomen shape, and microhabitat on egg size and number were evaluated by phylogenetic generalized linear models across all investigated species. Our analyses showed that both egg size and egg number are strongly determined by female body size. We found a clear trend for small species to have relatively larger eggs. Ecology and body shape also played a role, albeit at a considerably lower level and with complex interactions among variables: Relative to body size, ground‐dwelling species had smaller eggs than space and leaf dwellers; species with a long abdomen had larger eggs than species with a short abdomen. The effect of body size on clutch size depended on body shape and microhabitat: It was slightly weaker in space‐dwelling than in other species; species with long abdomens had more eggs in ground and leaf microhabitats, whereas space dwellers carried more eggs when having short abdomens.
Misdiagnosis of diabetic foot ulcer in patients with undiagnosed skin malignancies
Authors: Lyundup Alexey V. , Balyasin Maxim V. , Maksimova Nadezhda V. , Kovina Marina V. , Krasheninnikov Mikhail E. , Dyuzheva Tatiana G. , Yakovenko Sergey A. , Appolonova Svetlana A. , Schiöth Helgi B. , Klabukov Ilya D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA growing number of studies report dermal malignancies mimicking diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). We reviewed clinical cases reporting malignant tumours misdiagnosed to be DFU aiming to identify factors contributing to misdiagnosis. We systematically searched in PubMed for clinical cases reporting on misdiagnosis of DFU in patients with cancer. A chi‐square analysis was conducted to show the link between the incidence of initial DFU misdiagnosis and patient age, gender and wound duration. Lesions misdiagnosed to be DFU were subsequently diagnosed as melanoma (68% of the cases), Kaposi's sarcoma (14%), squamous cell carcinoma (11%), mantle cell lymphoma, and diffuse B‐cell lymphoma (both by 4%). Older age (≥65 years) was associated with a significantly increased risk of malignancy masked as DFU (OR: 2.452; 95% CI: 1.132 to 5.312; P value = .019). The risk of such suspicion in older patients (age ≥ 65 years) was 145% higher than in younger patients (age < 65 years). Clinicians should maintain a high level of awareness towards potentially malignant foot lesions in elderly patients with diabetes (age ≥ 65).
Finite element analysis of fracture behavior in ceramics: Prediction of strength distribution using microstructural features
Authors: Ozaki Shingo , Yamagata Kazuki , Ito Chihiro , Kohata Takuma , Osada Toshio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe estimation of the strength scatter caused by internal defects is necessary in analyzing a reliable design of advanced ceramic components. In this study, we proposed a finite element analysis methodology to predict the stochastic fracture behavior of ceramics based on the microstructural features obtained by the scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray computed tomography. Here, the two‐ and three‐dimensional distribution microstructural data are approximated by various probability density functions and are reflected in the dispersion of parameters of the damage model via a fracture mechanics model. We then applied the proposed method to alumina fine ceramics sintered at three different temperatures, and performed the three‐point bending test. Furthermore, the numerically created Weibull distributions were compared with those obtained experimentally. Our analysis results confirm that the proposed method can reasonably predict the strength scatter in ceramics.
Black Counterpublic Philosophy? Some Comments on George Yancy's Across Black Spaces
Authors: Mills Charles W. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe publication of George Yancy's latest book, Across Black Spaces: Essays and Interviews from an American Philosopher (2020), provides a welcome opportunity to reflect not just on the book itself but on ‘Black’ public philosophy and how it should be conceptualised. In the first part of the essay, I look at public philosophy as a recent self‐conscious exercise in the profession and then – citing Critical Theory's coinage from decades ago of the idea of a ‘counterpublic’ – raise the question of whether the concept of a ‘Black counterpublic philosophy’ might not be a better designation. The second part defends this claim by enumerating some of the key obstacles facing Black philosophers in the field: a minuscule population, a stigmatising identity shaped by the legacy of racial slavery in modernity, the denial of a recognised philosophical tradition, and a racial research focus at odds with the discipline's self‐conception as removed from the corporeal. Finally, the third part situates Yancy's work and achievement against this background, while warning (as illustrated by the virulent backlash he has encountered) of the dangers of such an enterprise.
Clinical effectiveness and safety of amlodipine/losartan‐based single‐pill combination therapy in patients with hypertension: Findings from real‐world, multicenter observational databases
Authors: Lee Jieun , Choi Jaeyun , Yum Yunjin , Joo Hyung Joon , Kim Yong‐Hyun , An Hyonggin , Kim Eung Ju 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVarious single‐pill combinations (SPCs) have been introduced to improve drug compliance and clinical efficacy. However, there is a lack of real‐world evidence regarding the effectiveness of these SPCs for hypertension. This study evaluated the real‐world clinical efficacy and safety of amlodipine/losartan‐based SPC therapies in patients with hypertension in a real‐world setting. A total of 15 538 patients treated with amlodipine/losartan‐based SPCs [amlodipine + losartan (AL), amlodipine + losartan + rosuvastatin (ALR), and amlodipine + losartan + chlorthalidone (ALC)] were selected from the database of three tertiary hospitals in Korea. The efficacy endpoints were target blood pressure (BP) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) achievement rates. Safety was evaluated based on laboratory parameters. Drug adherence was defined as the proportion of medication days covered (PDC). The target BP attainment rate was above 90% and was similar among the three groups. Although many patients in the AL and ALC groups took statins, the target LDL‐C attainment rate was significantly higher in the ALR group than in the AL and ALC groups. Safety endpoints were not significantly different among the groups, except serum uric acid level and incidence rate of new‐onset hyperuricemia, which were significantly lower in the AL and ALR groups than in the ALC group. The PDC was > 90% in all groups. In the real‐world hypertensive patients, amlodipine/losartan‐based SPC therapy demonstrated good target BP achievement rates. Especially, rosuvastatin‐combination SPC showed better target LDL‐C goal achievement rate compared to the other SPCs. All three amlodipine/losartan‐based SPC had excellent drug adherence.
Adjunctive benefits of systemic metronidazole on non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis. A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Blanco Carlota , Pico Alex , Dopico Jose , Gándara Pilar , Blanco Juan , Liñares Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo study clinical, radiographic, and microbiological outcomes after non‐surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis with or without adjunctive systemic metronidazole.Materials and MethodsA randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial was carried out in 32 subjects (62 implants) diagnosed with peri‐implantitis. Implants received a mechanical non‐surgical debridement session and systemic metronidazole or placebo. Clinical, radiographic, and microbiological outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months.ResultsAfter 12 months, the test treatment resulted in significantly greater PPD reduction (2.53 vs. 1.02 mm) and CAL gain (2.14 vs. 0.53 mm) (pvalue <.05) in comparison with placebo. The test treatment also resulted in additional radiographic bone gain (2.33 vs. 1.13 mm) compared with placebo (pvalue <.05). There was a significantly greater decrease inPorphyromonas gingivalis,Tannerella forsythia, andCampylobacter rectuscounts compared with the control group (pvalue <.05). At the end of follow‐up, 56.3% of patients met the success criteria in the test group and 25% in the control group.ConclusionsThe use of systemic metronidazole as an adjunct to non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis resulted in significant additional improvements in clinical, radiographic, and microbiological parameters after 12 months of follow‐up.This study is registered inClinicalTrials.gov(NCT03564301).
Application of convolutional neural networks for evaluating the depth of invasion of early gastric cancer based on endoscopic images
Authors: Hamada Kenta , Kawahara Yoshiro , Tanimoto Takayoshi , Ohto Akimitsu , Toda Akira , Aida Toshiaki , Yamasaki Yasushi , Gotoda Tatsuhiro , Ogawa Taiji , Abe Makoto , Okanoue Shotaro , Takei Kensuke , Kikuchi Satoru , Kuroda Shinji , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimRecently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in endoscopic examination and is expected to help in endoscopic diagnosis. We evaluated the feasibility of AI using convolutional neural network (CNN) systems for evaluating the depth of invasion of early gastric cancer (EGC), based on endoscopic images.MethodsThis study used a deep CNN model, ResNet152. From patients who underwent treatment for EGC at our hospital between January 2012 and December 2016, we selected 100 consecutive patients with mucosal (M) cancers and 100 consecutive patients with cancers invading the submucosa (SM cancers). A total of 3508 non‐magnifying endoscopic images of EGCs, including white‐light imaging, linked color imaging, blue laser imaging‐bright, and indigo‐carmine dye contrast imaging, were included in this study. A total of 2288 images from 132 patients served as the development dataset, and 1220 images from 68 patients served as the testing dataset. Invasion depth was evaluated for each image and lesion. The majority vote was applied to lesion‐based evaluation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing M cancer were 84.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82.3%–87.5%), 70.7% (95% CI 66.8%–74.6%), and 78.9% (95% CI 76.6%–81.2%), respectively, for image‐based evaluation, and 85.3% (95% CI 73.4%–97.2%), 82.4% (95% CI 69.5%–95.2%), and 83.8% (95% CI 75.1%–92.6%), respectively, for lesion‐based evaluation.ConclusionsThe application of AI using CNN to evaluate the depth of invasion of EGCs based on endoscopic images is feasible, and it is worth investing more effort to put this new technology into practical use.
Río‐Hortega's drawings revisited with fluorescent protein defines a cytoplasm‐filled channel system of CNS myelin
Authors: Edgar Julia M. , McGowan Eleanor , Chapple Katie J. , Möbius Wiebke , Lemgruber Leandro , Insall Robert H. , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Boullerne Anne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA century ago this year, Pío del Río‐Hortega (1921) coined the term ‘oligodendroglia’ for the ‘interfascicular glia’ with very few processes, launching an extensive discovery effort on his new cell type. One hundred years later, we review his original contributions to our understanding of the system of cytoplasmic channels within myelin in the context of what we observe today using light and electron microscopy of genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and immunostaining. We use the term myelinic channel system to describe the cytoplasm‐delimited spaces associated with myelin; being the paranodal loops, inner and outer tongues, cytoplasm‐filled spaces through compact myelin and further complex motifs associated to the sheath. Using a central nervous system myelinating cell culture model that contains all major neural cell types and produces compact myelin, we find that td‐tomato fluorescent protein delineates the myelinic channel system in a manner reminiscent of the drawings of adult white matter by Río‐Hortega, despite that he questioned whether some cytoplasmic figures he observed represented artefact. Together, these data lead us to propose a slightly revised model of the ‘unrolled’ sheath. Further, we show that the myelinic channel system, while relatively stable, can undergo subtle dynamic shape changes over days. Importantly, we capture an under‐appreciated complexity of the myelinic channel system in mature myelin sheaths.
Microneedling for Hair Loss
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Quinlan Emma M. , Venkataraman Maanasa , Bamimore Mary A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicroneedling is a relatively novel therapeutic modality introduced in the 1990s where small, fine needles are used to create micro punctures in the skin. It is a minimally invasive procedure used for various dermatological conditions, including androgenetic alopecia (AGA).Objective and MethodsWe comprehensively summarize the literature regarding microneedling in dermatology. We performed linear multivariable regressions to synthesize evidence from the clinical trials that investigated the efficacy of microneedling for AGA. Studies eligible for quantitative analyses were assessed for evidence quality.ResultsThe exact mechanism of microneedling action is yet to be determined, with theories that include the wound‐healing cascade. Microneedling monotherapy significantly increased total hair count more than topical minoxidil 5% (β = 12.29; p < 0.001). The combination treatment of microneedling with topical 5% minoxidil increased total hair count significantly compared to monotherapy with microneedling (β = 7.63, p < 0.05). Increasing the overall treatment duration of microneedling and reducing the frequency of microneedling sessions may positively influence an increase in total hair count.ConclusionThere are limited studies that investigate microneedling as a monotherapy for hair loss since majority of the trials combine it with other therapies such as topical minoxidil or platelet‐rich plasma. While preliminary results look promising, further investigation of microneedling as a monotherapy in larger, randomized controlled trials will help determine its safety and efficacy, and place in treating AGA.
Comparative performance of various human papillomavirus assays available in Korea for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Ouh Yung‐Taek , Park Ji Jeong , Kang Minjoo , Kim Miseon , Song Jae Yun , Shin So Jin , Shim Seung‐Hyuk , Yoo Heon Jong , Lee Maria , Lee Sung‐Jong , Shin Whan , Chong Gun Oh. , Choi Min Chul , Choi Chel Hun , Min Kyung‐Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or higher lesions among available human papillomavirus infection (HPV) genotyping tests in Korea.MethodsEligible patients visited 13 tertiary hospitals for colposcopic biopsy following cervical cytology and HPV genotyping test between January and December 2018. Baseline characteristics including age, body mass index (BMI), and parity were collected from 3798 patients. The performance of the Roche Cobas HPV 4800 was evaluated against other domestic HPV assays to detect CIN2 or higher.ResultsA total of seven types of HPV genotyping tests were analyzed in the research institutes. A total of 1358 patients (35.8%) tested Anyplex II HPV 28 and 701 patients (18.5%) tested Cobas 4800 HPV. The overall sensitivity in the detection of CIN2 or higher was 41.5% (38.9–44.1) in patients positive for HPV 16/18.The Cobas test for HPV 16/18 was concordant with other assays evaluated for detection of CIN2 or higher and showed sensitivity of 46.6%, which was not significantly different from other assays. Although Anyplex II HPV28 (Seegene) showed slightly decreased sensitivity for detecting CIN2 or higher lesion with HPV 16/18 positive (39.8%, p < 0.05) compared to Cobas 4800, in aspect of high‐risk HPV positive, Anyplex II HPV28 showed increased sensitivity (96.9%, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe performance of the HPV genotype test that were commonly used in Korea was concordant with Cobas HPV test. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety, efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness of the various commercially available domestic HPV assays.
A Synthesis on the Impact of Self‐Regulated Instruction on Motivation Outcomes for Students with or at Risk for Learning Disabilities
Authors: Butler Cameron M. , De La Paz Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this synthesis, we examined and assessed the impact of self‐regulated instructional components on the motivation of students with or at risk for learning disabilities (LD) in reading, writing, or mathematics intervention studies. Elements such as goal setting, self‐monitoring for task completion, self‐monitoring for emotions, self‐talk for task completion, self‐talk for emotions, and self‐talk for progress monitoring were identified as relevant constructs, and were further examined to determine their effect on students’ motivation for learning and academic functioning. Results indicated major differences in the application of these self‐regulated instructional components across academic domains. Quantitative analyses also revealed that interventions with self‐regulated instructional components resulted in positive effects on motivation measures such as self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, attributions, value for task, affect, expectancy for success, and intrinsic motivation. Finally, our findings have practical implications for struggling learners, as goal setting and self‐talk, for task completion or for progress monitoring, seem especially likely to improve the likelihood that struggling learners will demonstrate positive gains in motivation.
Efficacy of vibegron in patients with overactive bladder: Multicenter prospective study of real‐world clinical practice in Japan, SCCOP study 19‐01
Authors: Tachikawa Kimihito , Kyoda Yuki , Fukuta Fumimasa , Kobayashi Ko , Masumori Naoya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of vibegron in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) in real‐world clinical practice in Japan.MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, non‐controlled study consecutively enrolled patients with OAB determined by an OAB symptom score (OABSS) of three points or more and a question 3 (urgency) score of two points or more. A total of 212 patients from 43 institutions were recruited from January 2019 through March 2020. Vibegron, 50 mg, was administrated daily for 8 weeks as first‐line monotherapy (first‐line group, FL), monotherapy switching from antimuscarinics (post‐antimuscarinic group, PA) or mirabegron (post‐mirabegron group, PM) and combination therapy with antimuscarinics (add‐on group). The OABSS was collected at baseline and every 2 weeks. Adverse events were recorded at every visit.ResultsOf the 212 patients registered, 188 (male 76, female 112) were eligible for analysis (124 in the FL group, 27 in PA, 29 in PM, and eight in the add‐on group). The add‐on group was excluded from further analysis due to its small number. The OABSS (mean ± SD) showed significant improvement in all groups (FL; 8.8 ± 2.5, 3.8 ± 2.8, PM; 9.4 ± 2.2, 4.5 ± 4.0, PM; 8.9 ± 2.5, 4.7 ± 3.3 at 0 and 8 weeks, respectively). The overall incidence of adverse events was 25%. No grade 3 or higher adverse events were observed.ConclusionsIn the real‐world clinical setting, vibegron is effective and well‐tolerated by OAB patients, including those switching therapy from antimuscarinics and mirabegron.
A consistent second‐order hydrodynamic model in the time domain for floating structures with large horizontal motions
Authors: Shao Yanlin , Zheng Zhiping , Liang Hui , Chen Jikang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFloating offshore structures often exhibit low‐frequency oscillatory motions in the horizontal plane, with amplitudes in the same order as their characteristic dimensions and larger than the corresponding wave‐frequency responses, making the traditional formulations in an inertial coordinate system inconsistent and less applicable. To address this issue, we extend and explore an alternative formulation completely based on a non‐inertial body‐fixed coordinate system. Unlike the traditional seakeeping models, this formulation consistently allows for large‐amplitude horizontal motions. A numerical model based on a higher‐order boundary element is applied to solve the resulting boundary‐value problems in the time domain. A recently developed new set of explicit time‐integration methods, which do not necessitate the use of upwind schemes for spatial derivatives, are adopted to deal with the convective‐type free‐surface conditions. To suppress the weak saw‐tooth instabilities on the free surface in time marching, we also present novel low‐pass filters based on optimized weighted least squares, which are in principle applicable for both structured and unstructured meshes. The presented schemes for the convection equation and the low‐pass filter are also relevant for other engineering fields dealing with similar mathematical problems. For ship seakeeping and added resistance analyses, we show that the present computational model does not need to use soft‐springs for surge and sway, in contrast to the traditional models. For a floating monopile, the importance of consistently taking into account the effects of large horizontal motions is demonstrated considering the bichromatic incident waves. The present model is considered as a complete second‐order wave‐load model, as all the second‐order wave loads, including the sum‐frequency and difference‐frequency components, are solved simultaneously.