bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting effects of the α7 nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine in different rat models of heroin reinstatement
Authors: Palandri Josephine , Smith Sharon L , Heal David J , Wonnacott Sue , Bailey Chris P 
Published: March 2021

Background: α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are implicated in the reinstatement of drug-seeking, an important component of relapse. We showed previously that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, methyllycaconitine, specifically attenuated morphine-primed reinstatement of conditioned place preference in rodents and this effect was mediated in the ventral hippocampus. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism in reinstatement of the conditioned place preference for the more widely abused opioid, heroin, and to compare the effect of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blockade on reinstatement of heroin-seeking and heroin self-administration in an intravenous self-administration model of addictive behaviour. Methods: Rats were trained to acquire heroin conditioned place preference or heroin self-administration; both followed by extinction of responding. Methyllycaconitine or saline was given prior to reinstatement of drug-primed conditioned place preference, or drug-prime plus cue-induced reinstatement of intravenous self-administration, using two protocols: without delivery of heroin in response to lever pressing to model heroin-seeking, or with heroin self-administration, using fixed and progressive ratio reward schedules, to model relapse. Results: Methyllycaconitine had no effect on acquisition of heroin conditioned place preference or lever-pressing for food rewards. Methyllycaconitine blocked reinstatement of heroin-primed conditioned place preference. Methyllycaconitine did not prevent drug-prime plus cue-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking, reinstatement of heroin self-administration, or diminish the reinforcing effect of heroin. Conclusions: The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, methyllycaconitine, prevented reinstatement of the opioid conditioned place preference, consistent with a role for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the retrieval of associative memories of drug liking. The lack of effect of methyllycaconitine in heroin-dependent rats in two intravenous self-administration models suggests that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors do not play a role in later stages of heroin abuse.
Visualization of separation and reattachment in an incident shock-induced interaction
Authors: Jiao Yun , Wang Chengpeng 
Published: March 2021

An experimental study is conducted on the qualitative visualization of the flow field in separation and reattachment flows induced by an incident shock interaction by several techniques including shear-sensitive liquid crystal coating (SSLCC), oil flow, schlieren, and numerical simulation. The incident shock wave is generated by a wedge in a Mach 2.7 duct flow, where the strength of the interaction is varied from weak to moderate by changing the angle of attack α of the wedge from 8° and 10° to 12°. The stagnation pressure upstream was set to approximately 607.9 kPa. The SSLCC technique was used to visualize the surface flow characteristics and analyze the surface shear stress fields induced by the initial incident shock wave over the bottom wall and sidewall experimentally which resolution is 3500 × 200 pixels, and the numerical simulation was also performed as the supplement for a clearer understanding to the flow field. As a result, surface shear stress over the bottom wall was visualized qualitatively by SSLCC images, and flow features such as separation/reattachment and the variations of position/size of separation bubble with wedge angle were successfully distinguished. Furthermore, analysis of shear stress trend over the bottom wall by a hue value curve indicated that the relative magnitude of shear stress increased significantly downstream of the separation bubble compared with that upstream. The variation trend of shear stress was consistent with the numerical simulation results, and the error of separation position was less than 2 mm. Finally, the three-dimensional schematic of incident shock-induced interaction has been achieved by qualitative summary by multiple techniques, including SSLCC, oil flow, schlieren, and numerical simulation.
Mining, Colonial Legacies, and Neoliberalism: A Political Ecology of Health Knowledge Minerıa, legados coloniales y neoliberalismo: una ecologıa polıtica del conocimiento en salud
Authors: Brisbois Ben , Feagan Mathieu , Stime Bjorn , Paz Isaac K. , Berbés-Blázquez Marta , Gaibor Juan , Cole Donald C. , Di Ruggiero Erica , Hanson Lori , Janes Craig R. , Plamondon Katrina M. , Spiegel Jerry M. , Yassi Annalee 
Published: March 2021

Scholarship on the health impacts of resource extraction displays prominent gaps and apparent corporate and neocolonial footprints that raise questions about how science is produced. We analyze production of knowledge, on the health impacts of mining, carried out in relation to the Canadian International Resources and Development Institute (CIRDI), a university-based organization with substantial extractive industry involvement and links to Canada’s mining-dominated foreign policy. We use a “political ecology of knowledge” framework to situate CIRDI in the context of neoliberal capitalism, neocolonial sustainable development discourses, and mining industry corporate social responsibility techniques. We then document the interactions of specific health disciplinary conventions and knowledges within CIRDI-related research and advocacy efforts involving a major Canadian global health organization. This analysis illustrates both accommodation and resistance to large-scale political economic structures and the need to directly confront the global North governments and sectors pushing extractive-led neoliberal development globally. Resumen La investigación sobre los impactos en la salud de la extracción de recursos naturales delata brechas importantes y huellas corporativas y neocoloniales, que plantean dudas acerca de cómo se produce la ciencia. Analizamos la producción de conocimiento sobre los impactos en la salud de la minería en relación con el Instituto Canadiense de Desarrollo y Recursos Internacionales (CIRDI, siglas en inglés), una organización universitaria que cuenta con participación sustancial de la industria extractiva y tiene vínculos con la política exterior de Canadá, la cual es dominada por intereses mineros. Utilizamos un marco de "ecología política del conocimiento" para situar a CIRDI en el contexto del capitalismo neoliberal, los discursos neocoloniales de desarrollo sostenible y las técnicas de responsabilidad social corporativa de la industria minera. Luego, documentamos las interacciones entre los conocimientos y convenciones disciplinarias de salud dentro de los esfuerzos de investigación y promoción relacionados con CIRDI que involucran a una importante organización canadiense de salud global. Este análisis muestra tanto la complacencia como la resistencia a las estructuras políticas económicas a gran escala, y la necesidad de confrontar directamente a los gobiernos y sectores del Norte global que manejan el desarrollo neoliberal impulsado por la extracción a nivel mundial.
Magnetic resonance lymphangiography in group 1 paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Juaneda Ernesto , Catalfamo Danilo , Fregapani Juan P. , Peirone Alejandro , Juaneda Ignacio , Kreutzer Cristian , Lucino Sergio 
Published: March 2021

Pulmonary hypertension could have thoracic lymphatic abnormalities caused by right ventricular failure. Since there is no description of such abnormalities, the purpose of this study was to investigate them with magnetic resonance. Prospective review magnetic resonance T2‐weighted lymphangiography was performed between January 2017 and October 2019 through quantitative thoracic duct diameter, diameter index and qualitative lymphatic abnormalities types: 1 – little or none abnormalities, 2 – abnormalities in supraclavicular region, 3 – abnormalities extending into the mediastinum and 4 – abnormalities extending into the lung. Five patients with group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension participated in this study. The mean age was 12.44 ± 4.92 years, three male and two female. The quantitative analysis yielded the following results: mean thoracic duct diameter of 2.92 ± 0.16 mm and thoracic duct index 2.28 ± 1.03 mm/m2. Qualitative lymphangiography abnormalities were type 1 in three patients, type 2 in one, all with low‐risk determinants, and type 3 in one with high‐risk determinants and right ventricular failure. Magnetic resonance T2‐weighted lymphangiography in group 1 paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension allowed for the identification of the thoracic duct, which was used to perform both quantitative and qualitative analysis of thoracic lymphatic abnormalities, in particular when increased high‐risk determinants and right ventricular failure were present. These features represent an extracardiac finding useful to understand systemic venous congestion impact on lymphatic system.
Imaging Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Intraspinal Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Okubo Toshiki , Nagoshi Narihito , Tsuji Osahiko , Tachibana Atsuko , Kono Hitoshi , Suzuki Satoshi , Okada Eijiro , Fujita Nobuyuki , Yagi Mitsuru , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Watanabe Kota 
Published: March 2021

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Intraspinal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)/hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is often misdiagnosed preoperatively as schwannoma or meningioma because its imaging characteristics are not well understood. As postoperative prognosis differs among the 3 lesions, predicting the probability of SFT/HPC preoperatively is essential. Thus, this study investigates the imaging characteristics of SFT/HPC compared with those of schwannoma or meningioma and evaluates surgical outcomes. Methods: The preoperative imaging findings, tumor resection extent, recurrence and regrowth rates, and neurological improvement were compared between 10 patients with SFT/HPC and 42 patients with schwannoma or 40 patients with meningioma. Results: Most patients with SFT/HPC showed isointensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images compared with patients with schwannoma ( P = 0.011 and 0.029, respectively) and no significant difference compared with patients with meningioma ( P = 0.575 and 0.845, respectively). Almost all patients with SFT/HPC showed highly uniformizing enhancement patterns, similar to those with meningioma ( P = 0.496). Compared with meningioma, SFT/HPC lacked the dural tail sign and intratumoral calcification and exhibited irregular shape. Of the 5 patients who underwent partial resection, 60% exhibited tumor recurrence and regrowth following surgery. Conclusions: Complete en bloc surgical resection should be attempted in patients with intraspinal SFT/HPC to prevent postoperative recurrence or regrowth. As this tumor is often preoperatively misdiagnosed, we recommend that the imaging findings exhibited in this study should be used to positively suspect SFT/HPC. This will enhance patient outcomes by enabling more appropriate preoperative surgical planning.
Emerging Issues in Fiscal Sustainability in India: A Study of Central Government Finances, 1979–1980 to 2018–2019
Authors: Rath Anita , Sachan Arpit 
Published: March 2021

The objective of the article is to examine the fiscal sustainability of the Indian central government’s finances in the era of rule-based fiscal policy. Asymmetric budgetary adjustment process and revenue–expenditure nexus are also analysed in this article by employing threshold autoregressive models/momentum threshold autoregressive models. Findings of the article reveal emerging issues in fiscal sustainability in India. The central government’s expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) has been falling continuously, leaving little room for further pruning. The current scenario of negative growth in central government’s revenue as a share of GDP, if not reversed, can become the Achilles heel of government finances in India. JEL Classification: E62, H600, H500, C32
Stable and Reversible Photoluminescence from GaN Nanowires in Solution Tuning by Ionic Concentration
Authors: Nguyen Anh Thi , Ho Ya-Wen , Yu Wei-Cheng , Zan Hsiao-Wen , Meng Hsin-Fei , Chou Yi-Chia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report response of photoluminescence (PL) from GaN nanowires without protection in solutions. The distinct response is not only toward pH but toward ionic concentration under same pH. The nanowires appear to be highly stable under aqueous solution with high ionic concentration and low pH value down to 1. We show that the PL has a reversible interaction with various types of acidic and salt solutions. The quantum states of nanowires are exposed to the external environment and have a direct physical interaction which depends on the anions of the acids. As the ionic concentration increases, the PL intensity goes up or down depending on the chemical species. The response results from a competition of change in surface band bending and charge transfer to redox level in solution. That of GaN films is reported for comparison as the effect of surface band bending can be neglected so that there are only slight variations in PL intensity for GaN films. Additionally, such physical interaction does not impact on the PL peaks in acids and salts, whereas there is a red shift on PL when the nanowires are in basic solution, say NH4OH, due to chemical etching occurred on the nanowires.
Carbon footprinting of universities worldwide: Part I—objective comparison by standardized metrics
Authors: Helmers Eckard , Chang Chia Chien , Dauwels Justin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Universities, as innovation drivers in science and technology worldwide, should be leading the Great Transformation towards a carbon–neutral society and many have indeed picked up the challenge. However, only a small number of universities worldwide are collecting and publishing their carbon footprints, and some of them have defined zero emission targets. Unfortunately, there is limited consistency between the reported carbon footprints (CFs) because of different analysis methods, different impact measures, and different target definitions by the respective universities.

Results
Comprehensive CF data of 20 universities from around the globe were collected and analysed. Essential factors contributing to the university CF were identified. For the first time, CF data from universities were not only compared. The CF data were also evaluated, partly corrected, and augmented by missing contributions, to improve the consistency and comparability. The CF performance of each university in the respective year is thus homogenized, and measured by means of two metrics: CO2e emissions per capita and per m2 of constructed area. Both metrics vary by one order of magnitude across the different universities in this study. However, we identified ten universities reaching a per capita carbon footprint of lower than or close to 1.0 Mt (metric tons) CO2e/person and year (normalized by the number of people associated with the university), independent from the university’s size. In addition to the aforementioned two metrics, we suggested a new metric expressing the economic efficiency in terms of the CF per $ expenditures and year. We next aggregated the results for all three impact measures, arriving at an overall carbon performance for the respective universities, which we found to be independent of geographical latitude. Instead the per capita measure correlates with the national per capita CFs, and it reaches on average 23% of the national impacts per capita. The three top performing universities are located in Switzerland, Chile, and Germany.

Conclusion
The usual reporting of CO2 emissions is categorized into Scopes 1–3 following the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting Standard which makes comparison across universities challenging. In this study, we attempted to standardize the CF metrics, allowing us to objectively compare the CF at several universities. From this study, we observed that, almost 30 years after the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (1992), the results are still limited. Only one zero emission university was identified, and hence, the transformation should speed up globally.
QTL mapping of root traits in wheat under different phosphorus levels using hydroponic culture
Authors: Yang Mengjiao , Wang Cairong , Hassan Muhammad Adeel , Li Faji , Xia Xianchun , Shi Shubing , Xiao Yonggui , He Zhonghu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Phosphorus (P) is an important in ensuring plant morphogenesis and grain quality, therefore an efficient root system is crucial for P-uptake. Identification of useful loci for root morphological and P uptake related traits at seedling stage is important for wheat breeding. The aims of this study were to evaluate phenotypic diversity of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 derived doubled haploid (DH) population for root system architecture (RSA) and biomass related traits (BRT) in different P treatments at seedling stage using hydroponic culture, and to identify QTL using 660 K SNP array based high-density genetic map.

Results
All traits showed significant variations among the DH lines with high heritabilities (0.76 to 0.91) and high correlations (r = 0.59 to 0.98) among all traits. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) identified 34 QTL with 4.64–20.41% of the phenotypic variances individually, and the log of odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.59 to 10.43. Seven QTL clusters (C1 to C7) were mapped on chromosomes 3DL, 4BS, 4DS, 6BL, 7AS, 7AL and 7BL, cluster C5 on chromosome 7AS (AX-109955164 - AX-109445593) with pleiotropic effect played key role in modulating root length (RL), root tips number (RTN) and root surface area (ROSA) under low P condition, with the favorable allele from Zhongmai 895.

Conclusions
This study carried out an imaging pipeline-based rapid phenotyping of RSA and BRT traits in hydroponic culture. It is an efficient approach for screening of large populations under different nutrient conditions. Four QTL on chromosomes 6BL (2) and 7AL (2) identified in low P treatment showed positive additive effects contributed by Zhongmai 895, indicating that Zhongmai 895 could be used as parent for P-deficient breeding. The most stable QTL QRRS.caas-4DS for ratio of root to shoot dry weight (RRS) harbored the stable genetic region with high phenotypic effect, and QTL clusters on 7A might be used for speedy selection of genotypes for P-uptake. SNPs closely linked to QTLs and clusters could be used to improve nutrient-use efficiency.
Cognitive status of patients judged fit for discharge from the post-anaesthesia care unit after general anaesthesia: a randomized comparison between desflurane and propofol
Authors: Robert Cyrille , Soulier Anne , Sciard Didier , Dufour Guillaume , Alberti Corinne , Boizeau Priscilla , Beaussier Marc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The Aldrete’s score is used to determine when a patient can safely leave the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and be transferred to the surgical ward. The Aldrete score is based on the evaluation of vital signs and consciousness. Cognitive functions according to the anaesthetic strategy at the time the patient is judged fit for discharge from the PACU (Aldrete’s score ≥ 9) have not been previously studied. The aim of this trial was to assess the cognitive status of inpatients emerging either from desflurane or propofol anaesthesia, at the time of PACU discharge (Aldrete score ≥ 9).

Methods
Sixty adult patients scheduled for hip or knee arthroplasty under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either desflurane or propofol anaesthesia. Patients were evaluated the day before surgery using Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Stroop Color Test and Verbal Learning Test. After surgery, the Aldrete score was checked every 5 min until reaching a score ≥ 9. At this time, the same battery of cognitive tests was applied. Each test was evaluated separately. Cognitive status was reported using a combined Z score pooling together the results of all 3 cognitive tests.

Results
Among the 3 tests, only DSST was significantly reduced at Aldrete Score ≥ 9 in the Desflurane group. Combined Z-scores at Aldrete Score ≥ 9 were (in medians [interquartils]): − 0.2 [− 1.2;+ 0.6] and − 0.4 [− 1.1;+ 0.4] for desflurane and propofol groups respectively (P = 0.62). Cognitive dysfunction at Aldrete score ≥ 9 was observed in 3 patients in the Propofol group and in 2 patients in the Desflurane group) (P = 0.93).

Conclusion
No difference was observed in cognitive status at Aldrete score ≥ 9 between desflurane and propofol anaesthesia. Although approximately 10% of patients still had cognitive dysfunctions, an Aldrete score ≥ 9 was associated with satisfactory cognitive function recovery in the majority of the patients after lower limb arthroplasty surgery under general anaesthesia.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials identifier NTC02036736.
Waist circumference prediction for epidemiological research using gradient boosted trees
Authors: Zhou Weihong , Eckler Spencer , Barszczyk Andrew , Waese-Perlman Alex , Wang Yingjie , Gu Xiaoping , Feng Zhong-Ping , Peng Yuzhu , Lee Kang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Waist circumference is becoming recognized as a useful predictor of health risks in clinical research. However, clinical datasets tend to lack this measurement and self-reported values tend to be inaccurate. Predicting waist circumference from standard physical features could be a viable method for generating this information when it is missing or mitigating the impact of inaccurate self-reports. This study determined the degree to which the XGBoost advanced machine learning algorithm could build models that predict waist circumference from height, weight, calculated Body Mass Index, age, race/ethnicity and sex, whether they perform better than current models based on linear regression, and the relative importance of each feature in this prediction.

Methods
We trained tree-based models (via XGBoost gradient boosting) and linear models (via regression) to predict waist circumference from height, weight, Body Mass Index, age, race/ethnicity and sex (n = 60,740 participants). We created 10 iterations of each model, each using 90% of the dataset for training and the remaining 10% for testing performance (this group was different for each iteration). We calculated model performance and feature importance as an average across 10 iterations. We then externally validated the ensembled version of the top model.

Results
The XGBoost model predicted waist circumference with a mean bias ± standard deviation of 0.0 ± 0.04 cm and a root mean squared error of 4.7 ± 0.05 cm, with performance varying slightly by sex and race/ethnicity. The XGBoost model showed varying degrees of improvement over linear regression models. The top 3 predictors were Body Mass Index, weight and race (Asian). External validation found that on average this model overestimated waist circumference by 4.65 cm in the United Kingdom population (mainly due to overprediction in females) and underestimated waist circumference by 1.7 cm in the Chinese population. The respective root mean squared errors were 7.7 cm and 7.1 cm.

Conclusions
XGBoost-based models accurately predict waist circumference from standard physical features. Waist circumference prediction using this approach would be valuable for epidemiological research and beyond.