bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light dark matter from inflaton decay
Authors: Moroi Takeo , Yin Wen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a simple mechanism of light dark matter (DM) production from the decay of the oscillating inflaton condensation. If the reheating temperature after inflation is higher than the inflaton mass, which is of the same order of the momentum of the DM at the time of the production, the DM momentum can be suppressed compared to the temperature of the thermal plasma if the interaction of the DM is weak enough. Consequently, the DM can be cold enough to avoid the observational constraints on the warm DM, like the Lyman-α bound even if the DM mass is small. We study the bosonic and fermionic DM production from the inflaton decay, taking into account the effect of the stimulated emission and Pauli blocking, respectively. In both cases, the DM can be cold and abundant enough to be a viable candidate of the DM. We also apply our mechanism to the production of isocurvature-problem-free axion DM and Dirac sea DM of right-handed neutrino consistent the seesaw relation for the active neutrino masses.
Imitation eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms durch Frühmanifestation einer Methotrexat-assoziierten lymphoproliferativen Erkrankung
Authors: Burg Maria Rosa , Schneider Stefan W. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEine Langzeittherapie mit Methotrexat (MTX) ist als Auslöser einer MTX-assoziierten lymphoproliferativen Erkrankung (MTX-LPD) bekannt. Unter einer Kombinationstherapie mit MTX und Ustekinumab kam es bei einer 58-jährigen Patientin mit Psoriasis vulgaris und Pityriasis rubra pilaris innerhalb von 4 Monaten zu einer generalisierten Lymphadenopathie. Die Histologie deutete zunächst auf ein Hodgkin-Lymphom hin. Nur die Zusammenschau mit dem klinischen Hintergrund konnte die Diagnose einer MTX-LPD aufzeigen. Unseres Wissens ist dies der erste Fall einer MTX-LPD nach nur 4 Monaten Therapie.
Advantageous Short‐Term Outcomes of Esophagojejunostomy Using a Linear Stapler Following Open Total Gastrectomy Compared with a Circular Stapler
Authors: Muneoka Yusuke , Ohashi Manabu , Makuuchi Rie , Ida Satoshi , Kumagai Koshi , Sano Takeshi , Nunobe Souya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsophagojejunostomy is one of the most important surgical procedures in total gastrectomy. In the past, esophagojejunostomy was exclusively performed using a circular stapler in open total gastrectomy (OTG). With the increasing frequency of its use in laparoscopic gastrectomy, esophagojejunostomy using a linear stapler has been performed in OTG. However, it is still unclear whether the use of a linear stapler in esophagojejunostomy following OTG has any advantages compared with the conventional use of a circular stapler.MethodsA total of 298 patients who underwent OTG for gastric cancer between 2014 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. Patients were categorized into circular and linear groups (group C and group L) according to the stapler type used for the esophagojejunostomy. After propensity score matching, 136 patients (68 each in groups C and L) were selected to compare the surgical outcomes including incidence of esophagojejunostomy‐related complications and postoperative nutritional status.ResultsThe median operation time was significantly longer in group L than in group C (261.5 min versus 325.5 min; P < 0.001). The incidence of esophagojejunostomy‐related complications did not differ between the two groups (5.9% versus 2.9%; P = 0.68); however, no anastomotic stricture and bleeding occurred in group L. Bodyweight loss was significantly lower in group L than in group C at 6 months (15.9% versus 12.6%; P = 0.007) after surgery.ConclusionsEsophagojejunostomy using a linear stapler following OTG is equally safe and possibly advantageous in anastomotic stricture, bleeding and nutritional status compared with the use of a circular stapler.
A theory of spectral partitions of metric graphs
Authors: Kennedy James B. , Kurasov Pavel , Léna Corentin , Mugnolo Delio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce an abstract framework for the study of clustering in metric graphs: after suitably metrising the space of graph partitions, we restrict Laplacians to the clusters thus arising and use their spectral gaps to define several notions of partition energies; this is the graph counterpart of the well-known theory of spectral minimal partitions on planar domains and includes the setting in Band et al. (Commun Math Phys 311:815–838, 2012) as a special case. We focus on the existence of optimisers for a large class of functionals defined on such partitions, but also study their qualitative properties, including stability, regularity, and parameter dependence. We also discuss in detail their interplay with the theory of nodal partitions. Unlike in the case of domains, the one-dimensional setting of metric graphs allows for explicit computation and analytic—rather than numerical—results. Not only do we recover the main assertions in the theory of spectral minimal partitions on domains, as studied in Conti et al. (Calc Var 22:45–72, 2005), Helffer et al. (Ann Inst Henri Poincaré Anal Non Linéaire 26:101–138, 2009), but we can also generalise some of them and answer (the graph counterparts of) a few open questions.
Deliberating Our Frames: How Members of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives Use Shared Frames to Tackle Within-Frame Conflicts Over Sustainability Issues
Authors: Zimmermann Angelika , Albers Nora , Kenter Jasper O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) have been praised as vehicles for tackling complex sustainability issues, but their success relies on the reconciliation of stakeholders’ divergent perspectives. We yet lack a thorough understanding of the micro-level mechanisms by which stakeholders can deal with these differences. To develop such understanding, we examine what frames—i.e., mental schemata for making sense of the world—members of MSIs use during their discussions on sustainability questions and how these frames are deliberated through social interactions. Whilst prior framing research has focussed on between-frame conflicts, we offer a different perspective by examining how and under what conditions actors use shared frames to tackle ‘within-frame conflicts’ on views that stand in the way of joint decisions. Observations of a deliberative environmental valuation workshop and interviews in an MSI on the protection of peatlands—ecosystems that contribute to carbon retention on a global scale—demonstrated how the application and deliberation of shared frames during micro-level interactions resulted in increased salience, elaboration, and adjustment of shared frames. We interpret our findings to identify characteristics of deliberation mechanisms in the case of within-frame conflicts where shared frames dominate the discussions, and to delineate conditions for such dominance. Our findings contribute to an understanding of collaborations in MSIs and other organisational settings by demonstrating the utility of shared frames for dealing with conflicting views and suggesting how shared frames can be activated, fostered and strengthened.
Tumor cell PD-L1 expression is a strong predictor of unfavorable prognosis in immune checkpoint therapy-naive clear cell renal cell cancer
Authors: Möller Katharina , Fraune Christoph , Blessin Niclas C. , Lennartz Maximilian , Kluth Martina , Hube-Magg Claudia , Lindhorst Linnea , Dahlem Roland , Fisch Margit , Eichenauer Till , Riechardt Silke , Simon Ronald , Sauter Guido , Büscheck Franziska , Höppner Wolfgang , Matthies Cord , Doh Ousman , Krech Till , Marx Andreas H. , Zecha Henrik , Rink Michael , Steurer Stefan , Clauditz Till S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
PD-L1 expression predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but has also been suggested to be linked to poor patient outcome.

Methods
We analyzed PD-L1 in > 1400 RCC in a tissue microarray format by immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with histological tumor type, parameters of cancer aggressiveness, and intratumoral CD8+ cytotoxic cells.

Result
At a cut-off level of 5% PD-L1 positive tumor cells, PD-L1 positivity was seen in 6.3% of 633 clear cell RCC (ccRCC), 18.2% of 165 papillary RCC, 18.8% of 64 chromophobe RCC, and 41.7% of 103 oncocytomas. In ccRCC, PD-L1 positivity was significantly linked to high ISUP (p < 0.0001), Fuhrman (p < 0.0001), Thoenes grade (p < 0.0001), distant metastasis (p = 0.0042), short recurrence-free (p < 0.0001), and overall survival (p = 0.0002). Intratumoral CD8+ lymphocytes were more frequent in PD-L1 positive (1055 ± 109) than in PD-L1 negative ccRCC (407 ± 28; p < 0.0001). PD-L positive immune cells were seen in 8.2% of all RCC and 13.9% of papillary RCC. In ccRCC, PD-L1 positive immune cells were linked to high numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells (p < 0.0001), high ISUP (p < 0.0001), Fuhrman (p = 0.0027), and Thoenes grade (p < 0.0001), and poor tumor-specific survival (p = 0.0280).

Conclusions
These data suggest that PD-L1 expression in highly immunogenic RCCs facilitates immune evasion and contributes to cancer aggressiveness.
Softwaretest mit Originaldaten
Authors: Kneuper Ralf , Jacobs Sven 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Wunsch nach einer Nutzung von Originaldaten für den Softwaretest führt in bestimmten
Konstellationen zu einem Konflikt zwischen der Zweckbeschränkung von personenbezogenen Daten einerseits
und der Forderung nach Qualitätssicherung der Systeme zur Verarbeitung dieser Daten andererseits. Der
Beitrag begründet, warum die Nutzung von Originaldaten nach Möglichkeit vermieden werden sollte,
bei Bedarf aber unter eng begrenzten Rahmenbedingungen rechtlich möglich ist.
Evaluating the Implementation and Effectiveness of a Low-Dose Mindfulness-Based Intervention in a Student Sample: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Karing Constance , Beelmann Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a low-dose mindfulness-based intervention had short- and middle-term effects on primary (mindfulness, mental and physical health, self-efficacy) and secondary outcomes (attentional control, body awareness, emotion regulation and nonattachment). Further, the study examined whether participant compliance (course attendance, mindfulness practice at home) and satisfaction improved the change in primary and secondary outcomes.

Methods
In a randomized controlled trial, 71 university students were assigned to a mindfulness group (n = 35) or a waitlist group (n = 36). The intervention was a 6-week mindfulness-based training. The outcome variables were measured at pre- and postintervention, and at 2.5 months postintervention.

Results
At postintervention and at follow-up, the students in the mindfulness group showed a greater increase over time in mindfulness, self-efficacy, body awareness, and reappraisal than the students in the waitlist control group (Cohen’s d = 0.43–1.06). Although a significant intervention effect on nonattachment was found in the Per Protocol sample at postintervention and at follow-up, this effect was not significant in the Intention-To-Treat sample. Further, satisfaction with the training, course attendance, and the frequency of mindfulness practice at home were associated with positive changes in outcome variables.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that a low-dose mindfulness-based intervention can promote mindfulness, self-efficacy, body awareness, and reappraisal in students. The quality of implementation seems to be important for the benefits of a low-dose mindfulness-based training.
Pour point depression and flow improvement of waxy crude oil using polyethylene glycol esters of cashew nut shell liquid
Authors: Eke William Iheanyi , Kyei Sampson Kofi , Achugasim Ozioma , Ajienka Joseph Atubokiki , Akaranta Onyewuchi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWax crystallization and deposition is a major flow assurance problem in production and transportation of waxy crude oil. Conventional flow improvers are mainly high molecular weight synthetic polymers, many of which are eco-toxic. Bio-based flow improvers derived from natural products are promising as inexpensive, eco-friendly alternatives to existing products. In this study, natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) extracted from waste shells ofAnacardium occidentalewas esterified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). CNSL derivative reduced the pour point of waxy crude oil by 12 °C at 1000 ppm. The effects of CNSL derivatives on wax crystal morphology and micro-structure were studied by cross-polarized microscopy. Micrographs were processed and analyzed with ImageJ software. Addition of CNSL derivatives to oil resulted in changes in wax crystal morphology and micro-structure evidenced by a reduction in average crystal Feret diameter and aspect ratio and increase in boundary fractal dimension, indicative of formation of increasing number of smaller, rounder crystals. Effect of the additives on flow properties of the waxy oil was determined using a co-axial cylinder rotational viscometer. Dynamic viscosity of oil at shear rate of 17 s−1was reduced by 79.7–90.5%. CNSL-PEG esters show good prospects as low-cost additives for production, storage and pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil.
Evaluation of the energy demands for a floating O&M-hub
Authors: Wittmann F. , Schmitt C. , Adam F. , Dierken P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Energyhub@Sea concept is one of the four research applications of the Space@Sea project funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 research program (GA number: 774253). The focus of this paper is the evaluation of the energy demands of an energy self-sufficient maintenance platform at the location of Helgoland in the North Sea. In view of this, a standardized modular floater was developed as an offshore wind operation and maintenance base, which in the following paper is referred to as an O&M hub. The O&M hub is intended to be equipped with accommodation facilities and various renewable energy infrastructure as well as spare parts logistics, enabling the platform to perform maintenance of offshore gearless wind turbines with a capacity of up to 10 MW. To be energy self-sustaining, an energy supply system for the hub was developed and simulated at a resolution of ten minutes by means of the Top-Energy simulation software, a commercial software tool. As a basis for the simulation, an approach for the automated determination of flexible load profiles, in resolutions of up to ten minutes was developed. This load profile generator creates load profiles on the basis of environmental conditions, technical characteristics, and expected behaviors of the inhabitants. On the basis of the generated load profiles, a first layout (referred to as baseline scenario) for the different components of the energy system was evaluated and tested through simulation. In a second step, three optimization scenarios were developed and simulated with regards to the financial feasibility of the Energyhub.
Book review: Integrity in education for future happiness
Authors: Glendinning Irene 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe joy of doing any review is having a legitimate excuse to spend time learning about what other researchers are working on, then to reflect on what is new. This book review with a rich tapestry of current research and thinking about integrity in education and research, is no exception. This publication is the product of a virtual conference that took place in April 2020, which, had the Covid-19 pandemic not arrived, would have been held face-to-face in Dubai.Each of the 15 chapters brings to light new ideas for encouraging academic integrity and ethical conduct, or for deterring and managing academic dishonesty. Some chapters place familiar problems and solutions into new contexts and illustrate classroom experiences in different parts of the world. The key topic of education and training of teachers, researchers and students features in several chapters, including a welcome focus on secondary education. There is no shortage of empirical research in the book, including analysis of data on institutional policies an, admissions. Three chapters concern innovations in use of technology and how they are being applied and developed, with useful take-aways for evidencing contract cheating.Inclusion of the student voice is important in research into academic integrity. We hear from students through formal research, informal feedback and a whole chapter about one student’s journey.The book has been fittingly dedicated to the memory of Tracey Bretag (19/6/1962–7/10/2020), who managed to continue her support for the series of PAEB conferences by recording her keynote, despite being already very frail. Whether you decide to read the whole book or just select a few chapters, the ideas you will find there largely stem from Tracey’s legacy. We are reminded that there is so much more to do to improve integrity in education and research, locally and globally.
Cosmetic and oncological outcome of different oncoplastic techniques in female patients with early central breast cancer
Authors: Essa Mohamed S. , Ahmad Khaled S. , Salama Ahmed M.F. , Zayed Mohamed E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Breast conservative surgery (BCS) was absolutely contraindicated in centrally located breast cancer (CLBC). This study evaluates the short-term oncological and cosmetic outcomes of different oncoplastic procedures after resection of CLBC.

Material and methods:
This prospective study includes 40 female patients with CLBC who underwent different oncoplastic techniques and had the Grisotti, Melon slice, Round block, and Batwing mastopexy techniques. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by patients and surgeons, in addition to assessing the oncological outcome.

Results:
The patients evaluated the postoperative cosmetic result. They were described as excellent in 27 patients (67.5%), good in 11 patients (27.5%), fair in 2 patients (5%) with neither poor nor bad results, with a mean of 4.44 ± 0.6 (P = 0.002). In comparison, the surgeons evaluation was 10 points in 8 patients (20%), 9 points in 7 patients (17.5%), 8 points in 12 patients (30%), 7 points in 3 patients (7.5%), 6 points in 7 patients (17.5%), and 5 points in 3 patients (7.5%), with a mean of 7.54 ± 1.52, (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The Grisotti technique is associated with a better cosmetic result when reconstructing the central defect in moderate-sized breasts. Batwing mastopexy and round block techniques can be used to resect the central tumors with an excellent cosmetic outcome.

Highlights
Chlorine Heterogeneity in Volcanic Glass as a Faithful Record of Silicic Magma Degassing
Authors: Yoshimura Shumpei , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDegassing processes occurring within silicic magma, such as bubble growth, bubble resorption, the welding of magma fragments, and open‐system gas loss are crucial in the control of volcanic eruption and lava emplacement, yet their details are still debated. To examine the possibility that these degassing processes are recorded in volcanic glass as heterogeneous Cl distribution patterns, we experimentally simulated these processes by heating rhyolitic obsidian and analyzed the distribution of Cl content in the recovered sample. The results showed that, for bubble growth, Cl diffused toward the bubble interface, leading to Cl depletion around the bubble. For bubble resorption, Cl was discharged from the bubble to the melt, leading to Cl enrichment in the ambient melt. For welding of magma fragments, Cl was depleted near the welded interface because each fragment had degassed Cl at the surface before the welding took place. For open‐system gas loss, Cl exsolved at the bubble interface while the bubble itself was being collapsed into a chain of small bubbles and a Cl‐depleted tail. These results indicate that Cl distribution is a reliable record of the experienced degassing processes. We then analyzed the Cl distribution in silicic lava from Naruko volcano, Japan, to study the gas flow mechanism. We observed that the glassy matrix was progressively corroded into porous crystalline material. The interface of the glass was highly enriched in Cl. We conclude that a Cl‐rich gas fluxed through hot lava and corroded the glass, developing a porous, gas‐permeable region.
Growth and Decay of Northwestern Tropical Atlantic Barrier Layers
Authors: Saha Aurpita , Serra Nuno , Stammer Detlef 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe growth and decay mechanisms of barrier layers in the northwestern tropical Atlantic are studied by investigating small‐scale processes embedded in the regional circulation of the tropical Atlantic using output from an eddy‐resolving numerical simulation at 4 km resolution forced by an atmospheric reanalysis. The simulation reproduces well the temporal and spatial patterns of barrier layer thickness (BLT) estimated with Argo and CTD in situ profiles. As seen from an analysis of the salinity and temperature vertical gradient balances, localized large barrier layers form inside North Brazil Current rings during late‐June to July because of a thickening of the isothermal layer in the rings due to horizontal temperature advection, stretching of isotherms and tilting of temperature fronts. These barrier layers decay when the isothermal layer reduces again due to the above mechanisms. Further to the north, along the North Equatorial Current, the seasonal variability of BLT is highly pronounced. Thick winter (January to early March) barrier layers locally grow as the base of the mixed layer shoals mainly due to a tilting of the salinity fronts and partly due to stretching of the isohalines, horizontal salt advection and vertical turbulent mixing. The short‐term barrier layers in this case decay due to a deepening of the mixed layer, whereas they get completely eroded in spring by a shoaling of the isothermal layer due to surface temperature stratification. This work highlights that barrier layers are localized phenomena at times growing solely due to ocean dynamics, without a surface freshwater influx.
Transition Between Forced and Oscillatory ENSO Behavior Over the Last Century
Authors: Pivotti Valentina , Anderson Bruce T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs the largest mode of coupled climate variability, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) carries consequences for weather patterns worldwide. Because of its impacts, and the subsequent importance of predicting when ENSO might occur, there has been lengthy research into precursor mechanisms that initiate ENSO events. In this paper, thanks to the length of the SODAsi.3 data set, we study the relation between ENSO and a subset of known precursors over 140 years (1871–2011). We uncover that the influence of North Pacific Oscillation (NPO)‐related precursors—namely the Trade Wind Charging and North Pacific Meridional Mode (TWC/NPMM)—upon ENSO is nonstationary. The TWC/NPMM‐ENSO coupling is strong from 1871 to 1920, then weakens before regaining significance from 1960 onward. Importantly, in the intervening period between 1920 and 1960, not only does the TWC/NPMM‐ENSO connection disappear, there are also no other wind‐related drivers preceding ENSO events during this period. We find that in the absence of wind‐driven precursors during this intervening period the temporal characteristics of ENSO variability itself change, as the signal oscillates within a relatively narrow 6–7‐year periodicity band. These features set this intervening period apart from what we see during the first and last periods when the ENSO signal is noisier, and its power is distributed over a wider range of periodicities spanning from 2 to 6 years. These results lead us to hypothesize that, during the last 140 years, ENSO shifted between a stochastically forced interannual mode of variability, to a multiannual, quasi‐regular one with a self‐sustained oscillation.