bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of ‘designer erythroblasts’ lacking one or more blood group systems from CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐edited human‐induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Pandey Priyanka , Zhang Nanyan , Curtis Brian R. , Newman Peter J. , Denomme Gregory A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the recent advancements in transfusion medicine, red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization remains a challenge for multiparous women and chronically transfused patients. At times, diagnostic laboratories depend on difficult‐to‐procure rare reagent RBCs for the identification of different alloantibodies in such subjects. We have addressed this issue by developing erythroblasts with custom phenotypes (Rh null, GPB null and Kx null/Kell low) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) parent line (OT1‐1) for the blood group system genes: RHAG, GYPB and XK. Guide RNAs were cloned into Cas9‐puromycin expression vector and transfected into OT1‐1. Genotyping was performed to select puromycin‐resistant hiPSC KOs. CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing resulted in the successful generation of three KO lines, RHAG KO, GYPB KO and XK KO. The OT1‐1 cell line, as well as the three KO hiPSC lines, were differentiated into CD34+CD41+CD235ab+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and subsequently to erythroblasts. Native OT1‐1 erythroblasts were positive for the expression of Rh, MNS, Kell and H blood group systems. Differentiation of RHAG KO, GYPB KO and XK KO resulted in the formation of Rh null, GPB null and Kx null/Kell low erythroblasts, respectively. OT1‐1 as well as the three KO erythroblasts remained positive for RBC markers—CD71 and BAND3. Erythroblasts were mostly at the polychromatic/ orthochromatic stage of differentiation. Up to ~400‐fold increase in erythroblasts derived from HPCs was observed. The availability of custom erythroblasts generated from CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐edited hiPSC should be a useful addition to the tools currently used for the detection of clinically important red cell alloantibodies.
Long‐term prognosis of teeth with class III furcation involvement
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Runschke Maren , Dannewitz Bettina , Nickles Katrin , Petsos Hari , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Pretzl Bernadette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of survival of teeth with class III furcation involvement (FI) ≥5 years after active periodontal treatment (APT) and identification of prognostic factors.MethodsAll charts of patients who completed APT at the Department of Periodontology of Goethe‐University Frankfurt, Germany, beginning October 2004 were screened for teeth with class III FI. APT had to be accomplished for ≥5 years. Charts were analysed for data of class III FI teeth at baseline (T0), at accomplishment of APT (T1), and at the last supportive periodontal care (T2). Baseline radiographic bone loss (RBL) and treatment were assessed.ResultsOne‐hundred and sixty patients (age: 54.4 ± 9.8 years; 82 females; 39 active smokers; 9 diabetics, 85 stage III, 75 stage IV, 59 grade B, 101 grade C) presented 265 teeth with class III FI. Ninety‐eight teeth (37%) were lost during 110, 78/137 (median, lower/upper quartile) months. Logistic mixed‐model regression and mixed Cox proportional hazard model associated adjunctive systemic antibiotics with fewer tooth loss (26% vs. 42%; p = .019/.004) and RBL (p = .014/.024) and mean probing pocket depth (PPD) at T1 (p < .001) with more tooth loss.ConclusionsSubgingival instrumentation with adjunctive systemic antibiotics favours retention of class III furcation‐involved teeth. Baseline RBL and PPD at T1 deteriorate long‐term prognosis.
HPV type‐specific distribution among family members and linen in households of cutaneous wart patients
Authors: Ghorzang E. , de Koning M.N.C. , Bouwes Bavinck J.N. , Gussekloo J. , Quint K.D. , Goeman J.J. , Feltkamp M.C.W. , Bruggink S.C. , Eekhof J.A.H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommon and plantar warts are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV). Mode of transmission of wart HPVs within families is largely unknown.ObjectiveTo demonstrate similarity of HPV type(s) among wart cases, family members and household linen.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, swabs taken from 123 warts and foreheads of 62 index patients and 157 family members and from 58 kitchen towels and 59 bathroom mats were tested for DNA of 23 cutaneous wart‐associated HPV types. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the chance of detecting the same HPV type as was found in the index patients on the family contacts and on the kitchen towels and bathroom mats.ResultsHPV1, HPV2, HPV27 and HPV57 were the most prevalent types in the warts of the index patients. Altogether, 60 (42.3%) of the 142 family members without warts had HPV DNA on their foreheads. When HPV1 and HPV2 were found in the warts, these types were also frequently (>50%) found on the foreheads of index patients and their family members, as well as on the kitchen towels and the bathroom mats. HPV27 and HPV57 were less frequently found (<25%) on foreheads and linen. No associations were found for age, sex and site of HPV DNA presence.ConclusionDissemination of skin wart‐causing HPV types, from wart cases to household contacts and linen, such as kitchen towels and bathroom mats, is more likely for HPV1 and HPV2 than for HPV27 and HPV57. The role of towels and bathroom mats in HPV transmission deserves further investigation.
O‐GlcNAcylation inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Li Rui , Ong Qunxiang , Wong Chi Chun , Chu Eagle S H , Sung Joseph J Y , Yang Xiaoyong , Yu Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimProtein O‐GlcNAcylation is a critical post‐translational modification regulating gene expression and fundamental cell functions. O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) emerged as a key regulator of liver pathophysiology and disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of OGT in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and its consequent role in liver fibrosis.MethodsPrimary HSCs were isolated from C57/B6 mice. Cell morphology and α­SMA immunofluorescence staining were observed under scanning confocal microscope. Transcriptomic profile was evaluated by RNAseq (Illumina). Promoter activity was examined by luciferase and β­‐Galactosidase reporter assays. Liver fibrosis mouse models were induced either by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 at 3 times/week for 4 weeks or by feeding with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks.ResultsOGT protein expression and protein O‐GlcNAcylation were significantly decreased in CCl4− or MCD diet‐induced liver fibrosis as compared with normal liver in mice. OGT expression and protein O‐GlcNAcylation were also decreased in primary HSCs isolated from liver with CCl4‐induced fibrosis compared with those from normal liver. RNA‐seq showed that OGT knockdown in HSCs modulated key signaling pathways involved in HSC activation. Promoter sequence analysis of the differentially expressed genes predicted serum response factor (SRF) as a key transcription factor regulated by OGT. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that OGT repressed activity of SRF to induce α‐SMA transcription. Mutations of specific O‐GlcNAcylation sites on SRF increased its transcriptional activity, validating negative regulation of SRF by OGT‐mediated O‐GlcNAcylation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that OGT functions as a negative regulator of HSC activation by promoting SRF O‐GlcNAcylation to protect against liver fibrosis.
How physicians evaluate patients with dementia who present with shortness of breath
Authors: Ly Dan P. , Shekelle Paul G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhether the presence of dementia in patients makes it difficult for physicians to assess the risk such patients might have for serious conditions such as pulmonary embolism (PE) is unknown. Our objective was to examine the differential association of four clinical factors (deep venous thrombosis (DVT)/PE, malignancy, recent surgery, and tachycardia) with PE testing for patients with dementia compared to patients without dementia.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of emergency department (ED) visits to 104 Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals from 2011 to 2018 by patients aged 60 years and over presenting with shortness of breath (SOB). Our outcomes were PE testing (CT scan and/or D‐dimer) and subsequently diagnosed acute PE.ResultsThe sample included 593,001 patient visits for SOB across 7124 ED physicians; 5.6% of the sample had dementia, and 10.6% received PE testing. Three of the four clinical factors examined had a lower association with PE testing for patients with dementia. For example, after taking into account that at baseline, physicians were 0.9 percentage points less likely to test patients with dementia than patients without dementia for PE, physicians were an additional 2.6 percentage points less likely to test patients with dementia who had tachycardia than patients without dementia who had tachycardia. We failed to find evidence that any clinical factor examined had a differentially lower association with a subsequently diagnosed acute PE for patients with dementia.ConclusionsClinical factors known to be predictive of PE risk had a lower association with PE testing for patients with dementia compared to patients without dementia. These results may be consistent with physicians missing these clinical factors more often when evaluating patients with dementia, but also with physicians recognizing such factors but not using them in the decision‐making process. Further understanding how physicians evaluate patients with dementia presenting with common acute symptoms may help improve the care delivered to such patients.
Aetiology of permanent childhood hearing loss at a population level
Authors: Liddle Karen , Beswick Rachael , Fitzgibbons E Jane , Driscoll Carlie 
Published: September 2021

AimTo evaluate and describe results of aetiological investigations offered to a population level cohort of babies who had confirmed permanent hearing loss after they either (i) failed universal neonatal hearing screening or (ii) passed newborn screening but were detected with a permanent hearing loss in early childhood.MethodsDescriptive analysis of results of investigations offered to neonates and young children in whom permanent hearing loss was detected as part of a statewide newborn hearing screening programme. A total of 306 285 newborns were screened between 2013 and 2017. The failed screening results were confirmed by a diagnostic audiological assessment battery. Medical evaluation for the identification of the cause of the hearing loss was performed by a paediatrician or otolaryngologist, investigations were ordered using a stepwise approach, and aetiology was assigned using a coding scheme.ResultsPermanent hearing loss was confirmed in 967 children (0.3%). Data were available for 873. An aetiological factor was identified or presumed in 61.3% of cases. Genetic causes were present in 26.8% and structural causes were present in 24.9% of cases. Congenital cytomegalovirus was present in 4.4%.ConclusionsUse of a coding scheme is feasible at a population level and allows collation of data from multiple sites and will allow outcome mapping and service planning.
Dietary thiamin requirement of fingerling major carp Catla catla (Hamilton)
Authors: Mohd Khan Younis , Khan Mukhtar A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDietary thiamin requirement of fingerling Catla catla (3.5 ± 0.15 g) was evaluated by feeding casein–gelatin‐based iso‐nitrogenous (350 g/kg crude protein) and iso‐caloric (16.72 kJ/g GE) diets containing six graded levels of thiamin (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/kg dry diet) for 12 weeks. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight gain (AWG), best feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein retention efficiency (PRE), RNA/DNA ratio and haematological indices were recorded in fish fed diet containing 0.8 mg/kg thiamin. Dietary thiamin supplementation improved transketolase activity (TKA) and maximum value was recorded in fish fed 0.8 mg/kg thiamin beyond which stagnation in TKA activity was evident. Liver thiamin concentration was found to be maximum in fish fed diet containing 1.6 mg/kg thiamin. A significant (p < 0.05) consistent reduction in the hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) activity was displayed with incremental concentration of thiamin up to 0.8 mg/kg, beyond which a reverse trend was evident. However, a significant (p < 0.05) improvement was noted in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity with the increasing level of dietary thiamin from 0 to 0.8 mg/kg. Broken‐line regression analysis of AWG, FCR, PRE and TKA estimated the requirement in the range of 0.74–0.79 mg/kg dry diet.
Enamel matrix derivative effects on palatal mucosa wound healing: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Miguel Manuela Maria Viana , Mathias‐Santamaria Ingrid Fernandes , Rossato Amanda , Ferraz Laís Fernanda Ferreira , Rangel Thiago Perez , Casarin Renato Corrêa Viana , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate the clinical, immunologic, and patient‐centered outcomes of enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) on excisional wounds in palatal mucosa.MaterialsForty‐four patients in need of ridge preservation were randomly allocated into two groups: control group (n = 22): open palatal wound after free gingival graft (FGG) harvest and EMD group (n = 22): open palatal wound after FGG harvest that received 0.3 ml of EMD. Clinical and patient‐centered parameters were analyzed for 3 months post‐treatment. Wound fluid levels of inflammatory markers were assessed 3 and 7 days postoperatively.ResultsNo significant inter‐group difference was observed in remaining wound area and re‐epithelialization. EMD and control groups achieved wound closure and re‐epithelialization 30 days postoperatively (p < .001), without inter‐group differences. Similarly, number of analgesics and Oral Health Impact Profile scores did not present significant inter‐group differences (p > .05). EMD appeared to selectively modulate wound fluid levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐2.ConclusionWithin the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that EMD application to excisional palatal wounds using the investigated protocol does not provide clinical healing benefits, despite an apparent modulation of selected inflammatory markers.
Clinical progression of cats with early‐stage chronic kidney disease fed diets with varying protein and phosphorus contents and calcium to phosphorus ratios
Authors: Schauf Sofia , Coltherd Jennifer C. , Atwal Jujhar , Gilham Matthew , Carvell‐Miller Laura J. , Renfrew Helen , Elliott Jonathan , Elliott Denise , Bijsmans Esther S. , Biourge Vincent C. , Watson Phillip , Bakke Anne Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDietary protein and phosphorus (P) restriction is the mainstay for nutritional management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, adequate restriction levels for cats with early CKD remain unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate responses in cats with early CKD to varying dietary protein, P, and calcium (Ca) : P ratio.AnimalsNineteen research colony cats with International Renal Interest Society stages 1‐2 CKD.MethodsIn an opportunistic longitudinal case study, cats were fed a low protein (59 g/Mcal), low P (0.84 g/Mcal) dry diet (LP‐LP; Ca : P = 1.9) for 18 months and later transitioned onto a moderate protein (76‐98 g/Mcal), moderate P (1.4‐1.6 g/Mcal) dry‐wet diet regimen (MP‐MP; Ca : P = 1.4‐1.6) for 22 months. Fold‐changes in serum creatinine, total Ca (tCa) and P (primary outcomes) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were assessed by linear‐mixed models.ResultsWhile feeding LP‐LP, mean serum creatinine decreased (0.87‐fold, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81, 0.93, P < .001) to within reference range after 6 months, while increases in total Ca (tCa; 1.16‐fold, 95% CI 1.11, 1.22, P < .001) and FGF23 (2.72‐fold, 95% CI 1.72, 4.31, P < .001), but not in P (1.03‐fold, 95% CI 0.945, 1.124, P = .94), were observed after 17 months. On MP‐MP, mean creatinine, tCa and P remained within reference ranges and did not significantly change (P = .11, P = .98, and P = 1, respectively), while FGF23 significantly decreased (0.58‐fold, 95% CI 0.36, 0.95, P = .02) after 22 months.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCats with early CKD developed hypercalcemia after long‐term feeding of a highly P‐restricted diet. Increasing dietary P and reducing Ca : P ratio maintained renal markers, while improving Ca‐P balance. Cats with early CKD could benefit from moderately protein‐ and P‐restricted diets.
Illegal unregulated and unreported fishing: Methods and increasing trends in Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Morara George N. , Njiru James M. , Getabu Albert M. , Omondi Reuben , Lewo Ruth , Obegi Beatrice , Mwangata Raymond 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIllegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing is a negative social vice that adversely affects global capture fishery production. The inadequate disclosure of IUU methods and trends in fishery waters hampers management actions to curb illegal fishing activities. Seldom have empirical studies been conducted on IUU methods and their trends in Lake Naivasha. Therefore, this study analysed data on the fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) during 2012 to 2018 to test for the significance of trends, and compare the enforcement plans to seizures of illegal fishing gear in the lake. The IUU fishing methods included both the types of equipment and the means used to perpetrate illicit capture or acquisition of fish from the lake. The results indicate a 37% reduction of MCS enforcement patrols during 2018 compared to 2012, and a 16% to 100% upsurge in the quantity of seized IUU fishing items. Illegal fishing boats potentially threaten the fishery of Lake Naivasha with an additional fishing effort of 22% above the 176 licensed boats. An average of 10,700 fishing nets seized per year has the potential fishing intensity of 74 gillnets/km2 against an ideal intensity of 12 gillnets/km2. The frequencies of MCS patrols in Lake Naivasha exhibit no particular trends and likely ineffective in deterring the upsurge of IUU activities, or the evolution of new illegal fishing methods. An increased seizure of illegal fishing boats, outboard engines and gillnets could imply their rampant use in IUU fishing activities. These findings merit a multi‐stakeholder participatory approach to identifying the MCS weaknesses and opportunities for sharing resources to strengthen the fishery management efforts in Lake Naivasha.
Status, ecological services and management of aquatic weeds of floodplain wetlands in India: An overview
Authors: Sarkar Smritikana , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Ali Sajina , Kumari Suman , Puthiyotti Mishal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFloodplain wetlands of India are biologically rich and productive ecosystems that support unique aquatic flora and fauna. Covering an area of about 0.354 million ha, the floodplain wetlands are a major source of self‐recruiting small indigenous fish (SIF). They offer vast potential for both capture and culture‐based fisheries, securing livelihood and nutrition for a large section of the population. In addition to tremendous anthropogenic pressures and climatic variability, these resources have experienced a significant reduction in their geographical and areal extent. Aquatic macrophytes infestation in Indian floodplain wetlands is posing serious challenges to their ecological and economic functioning. Degradation and shrinkage of these important resources have been observed over the past few decades, attributable to the spread of aquatic weed infestation, warranting urgent attention in regard to their conservation and restoration to address their impending challenges. The present study compiled a total of 530 species under 103 families of aquatic macrophyte, representing four Indian states of the Ganga and Brahmaputra river basin. Among these 530 species, 85 species exhibit medicinal values and 30 species are edible, whereas some other species are used for basketry, cordage, fodder and as dye. Accordingly, the present study reviews the present status of the floodplain wetlands, their common aquatic weeds and their ecological services. It also synthesizes the latest knowledge and discusses the challenging issues of aquatic weed management and their control measures directed to the sustainable management of the aquatic resources.
Assessing the internal devaluation policy implemented in Greece in an empirical stock‐flow consistent model
Authors: Pierros Christos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractΑn empirical stock‐flow consistent model is constructed aiming to investigate the impact of the internal devaluation policy on the real GDP, the unemployment rate and the sector financial balances. The private expenditure of the aggregate private sector is affected by functional income distribution, which in turn is determined by the minimum wage and flexible employment, among other factors. The model is then applied on the Greek economy. Findings suggest that the implementation of internal devaluation fueled the destabilizing dynamics at play and hindered the export capacity of the economy through a negative effect of lackluster demand on productivity.
The global prevalence of dry eye disease: A Bayesian view
Authors: Papas Eric B 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo provide estimates for the prevalence of dry eye disease globally and in sub‐groups defined by: diagnostic criterion, sex, geographic location and age, using a Bayesian approach.MethodsModelling prevalence as a Beta distribution, estimates were inferred from Bayesian posterior distributions obtained by combing an uninformed prior with likelihood functions generated from all relevant studies reporting dry eye prevalence between 1997 and 2021.ResultsGlobal prevalence of dry eye disease was estimated at 11.59% (standard deviation (SD) = 0.04). For symptomatic disease, the estimate was 9.12% (SD = 0.04), with women 9.5% (SD = 0.05) and men 6.8% (SD = 0.06); prevalence was lowest in North America, 4.6% (SD = 0.03) and highest in Africa, 47.9% (SD = 1.8). For signs, prevalence was 35.2% (SD = 0.3), with woman 34.7% (SD = 0.7) and men 37.6% (SD = 0.7); North America showed the lowest regional prevalence, 3.5%, (SD = 0.4) with Eastern Asia the highest, 42.8% (SD = 0.4). Using TFOS DEWS II diagnostic criteria resulted in a global prevalence of 29.5% (SD = 0.8), with women 28.1% (SD = 1.2) and men 24.9% (SD = 1.4). Prevalence was lowest during the fifth decade, increasing approximately linearly with age thereafter. Estimates for other categories are given in accompanying tables.ConclusionA simple, flexible, yet powerful means of combining data from multiple sources to yield prevalence estimates across a range of circumstances is described, that is compatible with published guidelines for conducting meta‐analysis. Estimates can be readily updated as new information emerges, or according to need. Understanding the specific characteristics of studies chosen for inclusion is critical to the validity of the outcome. Although dry eye disease is evidently common, affecting about one in 11 people world‐wide, data are sparse for the young and all geographical locations except Eastern Asia.