bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discerning Mouse Trajectory Features With the Drift Diffusion Model
Authors: Leontyev Anton , Yamauchi Takashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMouse tracking, a new action‐based measure of behavior, has advanced theories of decision making with the notion that cognitive and social decision making is fundamentally dynamic. Implicit in this theory is that people's decision strategies, such as discounting delayed rewards, are stable over task design and that mouse trajectory features correspond to specific segments of decision making. By applying the hierarchical drift diffusion model and the Bayesian delay discounting model, we tested these assumptions. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which the “mouse‐tracking” design of decision‐making tasks (delay discounting task, DDT and stop‐signal task, SST) deviate from the standard “keypress” design of decision making tasks. We found remarkable agreement in delay discounting rates (intertemporal impatience) obtained in the keypress and mouse‐tracking versions of DDT (ρ = 0.90) even though these tasks were given about 1 week apart. Rates of evidence accumulation converged well in the two versions (DDT, ρ = .86; SST, ρ = .55). Omission/commission error in SST showed high agreement (ρ = .42, ρ = .53). Mouse‐motion features such as maximum velocity and AUC (area under the curve) correlated well with nondecision time (ρ = −.42) and boundary separation (ρ = .44)—the amount of information needed to accumulate prior to making a response. These results indicate that the response time (RT) and motion‐based decision tasks converge well at a fundamental level, and that mouse‐tracking features such as AUC and maximum velocity do indicate the degree of decision conflict and impulsivity.
Anti‐thymocyte globulin and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide predisposes to inferior outcome when using cryopreserved stem cell grafts
Authors: Novitzky‐Basso Igor , Remberger Mats , Chen Carol , Pasić Ivan , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun , Gerbitz Armin , Viswabandya Auro , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Kim Dennis D. , Kumar Rajat , Mattsson Jonas , Michelis Fotios V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring 2020, the concurrent novel COVID‐19 pandemic lead to widespread cryopreservation of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant grafts based on National Marrow Donor Program and European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation recommendations, in order to secure grafts before the start of conditioning chemotherapy. We sought to examine the impact of this change in practice on patient outcomes. We analyzed the outcomes of 483 patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between August 2017 and August 2020, at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Canada, in the retrospective study, comparing the outcomes between those who received cryopreserved or fresh peripheral blood stem cell grafts. Overall compared with those who received fresh grafts (n = 348), patients who received cryopreserved grafts (n = 135) had reduced survival and GRFS, reduced incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), delay in neutrophil engraftment, and higher graft failure (GF), with no significant difference in relapse incidence or acute GvHD. However, recipients of cryopreserved matched‐related donor HSCT showed significantly worse OS, NRM, GRFS compared with fresh grafts. Multivariable analysis of the entire cohort showed significant impact of cryopreservation on OS, relapse, cGvHD, GF, and GRFS. We conclude that cryopreservation was associated with inferior outcomes post‐HSCT, possibly due to the combination of ATG and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide impacting differential tolerance to cryopreservation on components of the stem cell graft; further studies are warranted to elucidate mechanisms for this observation.
Parmenides' insight and the possibility of logic
Authors: Della Rocca Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is twofold: to explain and render more accessible the arguments in a recent, important, and already famously difficult book and, on the basis of this appreciation and illumination, to level a criticism of the book that cuts deep and thereby opens up a new and powerful path to a paradoxical Parmenideanism. The book in question is Irad Kimhi's Thinking and Being. Kimhi is to be applauded for taking seriously Parmenidean challenges to negation and to nonbeing and for offering devastating criticisms of a Fregean (and Cartesian) distinction between the force and content of judgments, a distinction that Kimhi rightly shows to trade on unintelligible primitives. Nonetheless, in his response to the Parmenidean challenges, Kimhi is guilty of reliance on a number of similarly unintelligible primitives of his own. This failure on Kimhi's part leads the way to a radical Parmenidean view according to which distinctions, in general, are rejected.
Microbiome influence on host community dynamics: Conceptual integration of microbiome feedback with classical host–microbe theory
Authors: Abbott Karen C. , Eppinga Maarten B. , Umbanhowar James , Baudena Mara , Bever James D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrobiomes have profound effects on host fitness, yet we struggle to understand the implications for host ecology. Microbiome influence on host ecology has been investigated using two independent frameworks. Classical ecological theory powerfully represents mechanistic interactions predicting environmental dependence of microbiome effects on host ecology, but these models are notoriously difficult to evaluate empirically. Alternatively, host–microbiome feedback theory represents impacts of microbiome dynamics on host fitness as simple net effects that are easily amenable to experimental evaluation. The feedback framework enabled rapid progress in understanding microbiomes’ impacts on plant ecology, and can also be applied to animal hosts. We conceptually integrate these two frameworks by deriving expressions for net feedback in terms of mechanistic model parameters. This generates a precise mapping between net feedback theory and classic population modelling, thereby merging mechanistic understanding with experimental tractability, a necessary step for building a predictive understanding of microbiome influence on host ecology.
The potential diagnostic significance of crypt differentiation in gastric dysplasia
Authors: Nakajima Takahiko , Noguchi Akira , Tanaka Shinichi , Nishida Takeshi , Hatta Hideki , Kakiuchi Toshiko , Takagi Kohji , Minamisaka Takashi , Fujinami Haruka , Yoshizumi Tetsuya , Imura Johji 
Published: October 2021

AimsThis study investigated the relationship between the differentiation of tumour cells into crypts, which is determined by cell differentiation into Paneth and neuroendocrine cells, and tumour infiltration in gastric dysplasia.Methods and resultsThe lesions were endoscopically biopsied low‐grade dysplasia (LGD), endoscopically resected high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) or cancer with submucosal invasion. LGD (n = 32) displayed crypt differentiation across the entire width of the tumour in all cases. Crypt differentiation was identified as a characteristic of tumours with low biological malignancy. HGD (n = 40) included tumours with a mixture of areas with and without crypt differentiation (n = 25) and tumours with crypt differentiation throughout the entire width (n = 15). Of the cancers with submucosal invasion (n = 30), the morphological progression of the HGD area with crypt differentiation, the HGD area without crypt differentiation and invasive cancer without crypt differentiation was confirmed for 23 samples. In two lesions, invasive cancer without crypt differentiation developed from HGD without crypt differentiation throughout the tumour width. In five samples, well‐differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with crypt differentiation developed from HGD with crypt differentiation and invaded with lamina propria‐like stroma.ConclusionsLoss of crypt differentiation could be an objective indicator of infiltration in the progression of HGD to invasive cancer. The invasive potential of dysplasia depends upon the presence or absence of crypt differentiation.
LNA oligonucleotide mediates an anti‐inflammatory effect in autoimmune myocarditis via targeting lactate dehydrogenase B
Authors: Bockstahler Mariella , Salbach Christian , Müller Anna‐Maria , Kübler Andrea , Müller Oliver J. , Katus Hugo A. , Frey Norbert , Kaya Ziya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTreatment of myocarditis is often limited to symptomatic treatment due to unknown pathomechanisms. In order to identify new therapeutic approaches, the contribution of locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides (LNA ASOs) in autoimmune myocarditis was investigated. Hence, A/J mice were immunized with cardiac troponin I (TnI) to induce experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) and treated with LNA ASOs. The results showed an unexpected anti‐inflammatory effect for one administered LNA ASO MB_1114 by reducing cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. The target sequence of MB_1114 was identified as lactate dehydrogenase B (mLDHB). For further analysis, mice received mLdhb‐specific GapmeR during induction of EAM. Here, mice receiving the mLdhb‐specific GapmeR showed increased protein levels of cardiac mLDHB and a reduced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. The effect of increased cardiac mLDHB protein level was associated with a downregulation of genes of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐associated proteins, indicating a reduction in ROS. Here, the suppression of murine pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (mBax) was also observed. In our study, an unexpected anti‐inflammatory effect of LNA ASO MB_1114 and mLdhb‐specific GapmeR during induction of EAM could be demonstrated in vivo. This effect was associated with increased protein levels of cardiac mLDHB, mBax suppression and reduced ROS activation. Thus, LDHB and LNA ASOs may be considered as a promising target for directed therapy of myocarditis. Nevertheless, further investigations are necessary to clarify the mechanism of action of anti‐inflammatory LDHB‐triggered effects.
Rhizospheric and endophyticPseudomonas aeruginosain edible vegetable plants share molecular and metabolic traits with clinical isolates
Authors: Ambreetha Sakthivel , Marimuthu Ponnusamy , Mathee Kalai , Balachandar Dananjeyan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimPseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading opportunistic pathogen causing hospital-acquired infections, is also commonly found in agricultural settings. However, there are minimal attempts to examine the molecular and functional attributes shared by agricultural and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. This study investigates the presence of P. aeruginosa in edible vegetable plants (including salad vegetables) and analyses the evolutionary and metabolic relatedness of the agricultural and clinical strains.Methods and ResultsEighteen rhizospheric and endophytic P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and chili directly from the farms. The identity of these strains was confirmed using biochemical and molecular assays. The genetic and metabolic traits of these plant-associated P. aeruginosa isolates were compared with clinical strains. DNA fingerprinting and 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that the plant- and human-associated strains are evolutionarily related. Both agricultural and clinical isolates possessed plant-beneficial properties, including mineral solubilization to release essential nutrients (phosphorous, potassium, and zinc), ammonification, and the ability to release extracellular pyocyanin, siderophore, and indole-3 acetic acid.ConclusionThese findings suggest that rhizospheric and endophytic P. aeruginosa strains are genetically and functionally analogous to the clinical isolates. In addition, the genotypic and phenotypic traits do not correlate with plant sources or ecosystems.Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study reconfirms that edible plants are the potential source for human and animal transmission of P. aeruginosa.
In vitro susceptibility of swine pathogens to feed additives and active ingredients with potential as antibiotic replacements
Authors: Neath Charlotte , Portocarero Naheeda , Jones Cerith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
The rise in antibiotic resistance requires the reduction of antibiotic use in all sectors. In animal production, many commercial alternatives to antibiotics have been developed for incorporation into feeds, but a lack of evidence on their antibacterial activity limits confidence in their application. We aim to compare the antibacterial activity of feed additives and active ingredients to better understand their usefulness.

Methods and Results
The antibacterial activity of 34 active ingredients and feed additives, including medium- and short-chain organic acids and essential oils, was tested against pure cultures of five bacterial swine pathogens. Antibacterial activity was observed using an agar plug diffusion method and quantified via broth microdilution. A diverse range of antibacterial activities were observed. The highest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus suis was exhibited by the C12 monoglyceride (0.49 mg ml−1). The monoglyceride of C12 was more effective than C12:0 against Strep. suis, but neither C12:0 nor its monoglyceride showed efficacy against the gram-negative micro-organisms tested. The most active against Escherichia coli were the C6:0 medium-chain organic acids and potassium diformate (1.95 mg ml−1). For Salmonella Typhimurium, potassium diformate, sodium diformate, and a blend of C8:0/C10:0 (each 1.96 mg ml−1), and for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, eugenol (0.49 mg ml−1) showed the most promising activity.

Conclusions
We identified broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, such as the C6:0 MCOA, and those with interesting narrow-spectrum activity, notably the killing of Strep. suis by C12 monoglyceride. We have identified additives that show the most promising bioactivity against specific pathogens.

Significance and Impact of the study
We broadly compare a large collection of feed additives and active ingredients for their antibacterial activity against a diverse panel of bacterial swine pathogens. This provides a solid base of evidence which can drive the development of feed supplementation strategies with the aim of reducing dependency on antibiotic use in swine production.
The early diagnostic value of ankle‐brachial index combined with feet electrochemical skin conductance for peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhao Yun , Huang Liji , Zhou Xiqiao , Liu Jingshun , Yu Jiangyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionIn this paper, we focused on exploring the diagnostic and predictive clinical utility of ankle‐brachial index (ABI) in combination with feet electrochemical skin conductance (FESC) for peripheral artery disease (PAD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsOverall, 183 Chinese T2DM patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into three groups: Group 1 comprised of uncomplicated type 2 diabetics (n = 36), Group 2 consisted of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (n = 103) whereas Group 3 patients displayed peripheral artery disease (n = 44). All patients underwent Sudoscan test using a Sudoscan (Paris, France) and ABI assessment.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression models revealed that FESC was an independent risk factor of developing PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes. The AUC for diagnostic, positive predictive and negative predictive value of ABI in combination with FESC for PAD were 0.907, 0.733 and 0.920, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of ABI in combination with FESC for PAD were 0.914 and 0.750, respectively.ConclusionsAnkle‐brachial index in combination with FESC can accurately be used in early diagnosis of PAD.
A systematic review on the treatment of pediatric severe alopecia areata by topical immunotherapy or Anthralin (contact sensitization) or low‐level light/laser therapy (LLLT): focus on efficacy, safety, treatment duration, recurrence, and follow‐up based on clinical studies
Authors: Behrangi Elham , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Sadeghzadeh‐Bazargan Afsaneh , Najar Nobari Niloufar , Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Seirafianpour Farnoosh , Goodarzi Azadeh , Dodangeh Milad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlopecia areata (AA) in its extensive and severe forms is treatment‐challenging, especially in pediatrics.MethodA PRISMA‐compliant systematic review of seven electronic databases was searched by the terms “alopecia areata,” “pediatric,” “topical immunotherapy,” “Anthralin,” and “light therapy” from inception until March 2021. All the alternative names of the disease and therapies have been included in the search terms. 790 articles went to title abstract review by two independent reviewers. In the subsequent level, a review of the full text of studies was conducted.ResultsFinally, 10 relevant articles in terms of content structure, subject coverage, and purpose, were selected for further review. The highest percentages of complete hair regrowth were 79.6% and 63.61% by SADBE (topical immunotherapy) and laser therapy. By Anthralin (contact sensitization), the complete response rate was below 50% (between 30 and 35%). Regarding average response, the most effective methods were local immunotherapy (with an average effectiveness of 53.8%), laser therapy (52.55%), and the use of Anthralin‐induced contact dermatitis (30.86%), respectively. However, recurrence rate—after treatment with induced contact dermatitis by topical medications like Anthralin (contact sensitization)—was lower (mean 43.53%) in comparison with local immunotherapy (57%). In topical immunotherapy, light base therapy, and contact sensitization, the highest percentage of complete hair regrowth and the average response rate were (63.61% and 52.55%), (79.6% and 53.8%) and (32% and 30.8%), respectively. These methods are considered safe in children.ConclusionA high and more than 50% efficacy in hair regrowth could be expected by topical immunotherapy and light/laser therapy method. No serious side effects have been observed by these methods that are well tolerated in children. Therefore, a combination of local immunotherapy and light/laser therapy could be suggested for the treatment of extensive AA in children. The use of Anthralin could be associated with a lower but more durable response. These points are important for patient selection in individualized situations.
The Manchester Triage System's performance in clinical risk prioritisation of patients presenting with headache in emergency department: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Brigo Francesco , Zaboli Arian , Rinaldi Fabrizio , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Nardone Raffaele , Pfeifer Norbert , Turcato Gianni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveNon‐traumatic headache is a frequent reason for visits to the emergency department (ED). We evaluated the performance of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) in prioritising patients presenting to the ED with non‐traumatic headache.MethodsIn this single‐centre observational retrospective study, we compared the association of MTS priority classification codes with a final diagnosis of a severe neurological condition requiring timely management (ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral sinus venous thrombosis, central nervous system infection or brain tumour). The study was conducted and reported according to the STROBE statement. The overall prioritisation accuracy of MTS was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The correctness of triage prediction was estimated based on the “very urgent” MTS grouping. An undertriage was defined as a patient with an urgent and severe neurological who received a low priority/urgency MTS code (green/yellow).ResultsOver 30 months, 3002 triage evaluations of non‐traumatic headache occurred (1.7% of ED visits). Of these, 2.3% (68/3002) were eventually diagnosed with an urgent and severe neurological condition. The MTS had an acceptable prioritisation accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.734 (95% CI 0.668–0.799). The sensitivity of the MTS for urgent codes (yellow, orange and red) was 79.4% (95% CI 74.5–84.3), with a specificity of 54.1% (95% CI 52.9–55.3). The triage prediction was incorrect in only 6.3% (190/3002) of patients with headache.ConclusionThe MTS is a safe and accurate tool for prioritising patients with non‐traumatic headache in the ED. However, MTS may need further specific tools for evaluating the more complicated symptoms and for correctly identifying patients with urgent and severe underlying pathologies.Relevance to clinical practiceThe triage nurse using MTS may need additional tools to improve the assessment of patients with headache, although MTS provides a good safety profile.
Tolerability and outcome of palliative treatment for metastatic pulmonary carcinoma in cats
Authors: Treggiari E. , Pellin M. A. , Valenti P. , Curran K. M. , Borrego J. F. , Romanelli G. , Mason S. L. , Taylor A. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesPulmonary carcinoma is uncommon in cats and reporting of outcomes following medical treatment is limited, especially in presence of metastases. The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of cats affected by metastatic primary pulmonary carcinoma and to evaluate the tolerability of palliative treatment in this patient population.Materials and MethodsMedical records were searched for cats with a cytological or histopathological diagnosis of primary pulmonary carcinoma and evidence of metastatic disease. Cats were treated with antineoplastic agents, corticosteroids, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or received no systemic treatment. Cases in which thoracic CT was not performed, and those lacking definitive diagnosis by cytology or histopathology or receiving curative‐intent surgery were excluded.ResultsThirty‐four cats were identified: 18 were treated with antineoplastic agents and 16 received corticosteroids, NSAIDs or no treatment. Presenting clinical signs included coughing (53%), tachypnoea (26%), gastrointestinal signs (35%) and lethargy (18%). CT scan identified metastases to the lung parenchyma in all cases and additional metastatic lesions in 10 of 34 (59%) cases; pleural effusion was detected in 11 cases (32%). The overall median survival time for all cats was 64 days [range 1‐1352 days; 95% confidence interval (CI) 48‐164]. Presence of respiratory signs at presentation was the only factor influencing survival in the multivariable analysis.Clinical significanceMedical treatment was well tolerated and appeared to palliate clinical signs in cats with metastatic pulmonary carcinoma, albeit with a modest duration and short overall survival. The role and benefit of chemotherapy/antineoplastic agents versus conventional palliative drugs in this setting remains unclear.