bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can investors’ collective decision-making evolve? Evidence from Peer-to-Peer lending markets
Authors: Kim Dongwoo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study tries to identify the accuracy of individual investors' capability to predict a borrower’s creditworthiness in peer-to-peer lending markets and examine whether their ability is likely to evolve over time. The results of this study show that there is no significant difference between the predictive power of investors' ex-ante funding decision model and that of the ex-post repayment model over a borrower’s repayment performance. Furthermore, the predictive power of investors' ex-ante funding decision over a borrower’s repayment performance is shown to improve over time . It is also found that the main reason why investors’ predictive power improve over time is because investors can assess more accurately the information provided by the platform operator and describe the borrower's characteristics. The results of this study are important as they confirm the possibility of optimizing and streamlining the P2P lending market, through the evolution of investors’ decision making.
Proteins Expression Profiling of Rat Uteruses with Primary Dysmenorrhea Syndrome
Authors: Xie Yazhen , Qian Jianqiang , Wu Mingmei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and their functions in the uteruses of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) rats by using label-free quantitative proteomics analysis.Methods The PD rat model was induced by injecting both estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. Twenty rats were equally divided into two groups: a control group (normal rats), a PD model group (PD rats). Writhing scores and serum levels of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were used to evaluate the success of the rat PD model. The DEPs were identified and analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses.Results A total of 276 DEPs were identified, including 119 up-regulated DEPs and 157 down-regulated DEPs. Bioinformatics revealed that the DEPs were mainly associated with ‘protein binding’, ‘metabolism’, ‘signal conduction’ and ‘focal adhesion’. The proteomic findings were verified by western blot analysis, which confirmed that myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), heat shock protein 90 AB1 (HSP90AB1), apolipoprotein A1 (Apoa1), p38 MAP kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were significantly differentially expressed in between the control and PD samples.Conclusions These results provide a deeper understanding the molecular pathogenesis of PD. The DEPs found in the present study may provide new ideas for further study of the mechanism of PD and aid the search for biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment.
Dementia Management Act and Death Toll by Dementia Drug
Authors: Lee Jong-hoon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Dementia Management Act (DMA) came into effect on August 4, 2011, in South Korea. Medical data on the correlation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and anti-AD drug (AAD) groups were observed from 2010 to 2019. This study investigated the increase and decrease in deaths and AAD used to treat AD. It is known that psychotropic medicines should not be administered for dementia patients because they increase all-cause mortality. This study demonstrated that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists increase the death toll when used to treat dementia.
Infalling Streamer-Disk-Outflow System in a Nearby High-mass Star Formation Region
Authors: Chen Xi , Ren Zhiyuan , Li Da-Lei , Liu Tie , Wang Ke , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Ellingsen Simon , Sobolev Andrey , Mei Ying , Li JingJing , Wu Yue-Fang , Kim Kee-Tae 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Theoretical models and numerical simulations suggest that high mass star (with mass > 8 solar mass) can be formed either via monolithic collapse of a massive core or competitive accretion, but the dominant mechanism is currently unclear. Although recent high resolution observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have detected physical and kinematic features, such as disks, outflows and filamentary structures surrounding the high mass young stellar objects (HMYSO), direct detection of the infalling gas towards the HMYSO is still the key to distinguish the different scenarios. Chemically fresh gas inflows have been detected towards low-mass stars being formed, which are consistent with the accretion-disk-outflow process. In this work we report the detection of a chemically fresh inflow which is feeding HMYSO growth in the nearby high mass star-forming region G352.63-1.07. High quality images of the dust and molecular lines from both ALMA and the Submillimeter Array (SMA) have consistently revealed a gravitationally-controlled gas inflow towards a rotating structure (disk or torus) around the HMYSO. The HMYSO is also observed to have an outflow, but it can be clearly separated from the inflow. These kinematic features provide observational evidence to support the conjecture that high-mass stars can be formed in a similar process to that observed in the low-mass counterparts. The chemically fresh infalling streamers could also be related with the disk configuration, fragmentation and accretion bursts that occur in both simulations and observations.
Superinfections in a Cohort of Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care: Impact of Gram Negative Resistance.
Authors: Costa Rafael Lessa da , Lamas Cristiane da Cruz , Simvoulidis Luiz Fernando Nogueira , Espanha Claudia Adelino , Monteiro Lorena , Bonancim Renan , Weber João Victor , Ramos Max Rogerio Freitas , Silva Eduardo Costa Freitas , Oliveira Liszt Palmeira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: some studies have shown that superinfection during pandemics may have contributed to high mortality. Our objective is to identify the frequency, types and aetiology of superinfections in patients with Covid-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and to evaluate the results of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and hospital mortality.Methods: retrospective cohort of adult patients admitted to the ICU for more than 48 hours between March to May 2020. Comparisons of groups with and without ICU- acquired infection were established.Results: a total of 191 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included and 57 patients had 97 secondary infectious events. Most frequent agents were Acinetobacter baumannii (28.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.4%); multi-drug resistance was present in 96% Acinetobacter and in 57% K.pneumoniae. The most prevalent infection was ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in 57.9% of patients with bacterial superinfection, or 17.3% of all COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU, followed by tracheobronchitis, in 26.3%. Patients with superinfection had a longer ICU stay (40.0 vs. 17; p < 0.001), as well as a longer duration of MV (24.0 vs 9.0; p = 0.003). There were 35.6% deaths overall, of which 39.7% of the patients had superinfection; in those who survived, 24.4% had a superinfection (OR 2.041; 95% CI 1.080–3.859).Conclusion: a high incidence of superinfections was seen, mostly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The most common infection was VAP. Superinfections were associated with longer ICU stay and MV use and higher mortality.
Automatic Phase Identification of Earthquake Based on the UBDN Deep Network
Authors: Cai Jianxian , Dai Xun , zhitao Gao , Shi Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Seismic data obtained from seismic stations are the major source of the information used to forecast earthquakes. With the growth in the number of seismic stations, the size of the dataset has also increased. Traditionally, STA/LTA and AIC method have been applied to process seismic data. However, the enormous size of the dataset reduces accuracy and increases the rate of missed detection of the P and S wave phase when using these traditional methods. To tackle these issues, we introduce the novel U-net-Bidirectional Long-Term Memory Deep Network (UBDN) which can automatically and accurately identify the P and S wave phases from seismic data. The U-net based UBDN strongly maintains the U-net’s high accuracy in edge detection for extracting seismic phase features. Meanwhile, it also reduces the missed detection rate by applying the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) mode that processes timing signals to establish the relationship between seismic phase features. Experimental results using the Stanford University seismic dataset and data from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake aftershock confirm that the proposed UBDN method is very accurate and has a lower rate of missed phase detection, outperforming solutions that adapt traditional methods by an order of magnitude in terms of error percentage.
Non-Parametric Estimation of Reference Adjusted, Standardised Probabilities of All-Cause Death and Death Due to Cancer for Population Group Comparisons
Authors: Rutherford Mark J , Andersson Therese M-L , Myklebust Tor Åge , Møller Bjørn , Lambert Paul C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Ensuring fair comparisons of cancer survival statistics across population groups requires careful consideration of differential competing mortality due to other causes, and adjusting for imbalances over groups in other prognostic covariates (e.g. age). This has typically been achieved using comparisons of age-standardised net survival, with age standardisation addressing covariate imbalance, and the net estimates removing differences in competing mortality from other causes. However, these estimates lack ease of interpretability. In this paper, we motivate an alternative non-parametric approach that uses a common rate of other cause mortality across groups to give reference-adjusted all-cause and cancer-specific estimates rather than reporting net estimates.Methods: We develop the methodology for a non-parametric equivalent of standardised and reference adjusted crude probabilities of death, building on the estimation of non-parametric crude probabilities of death. We illustrate the approach using regional comparisons of survival following a diagnosis of rectal cancer for men in England. We standardise to the covariate distribution and other cause mortality of England as a whole to offer comparability, but with close approximation to the observed all-cause region-specific mortality.Results: The approach gives comparable estimates to observed crude probabilities of death, but allows direct comparison across population groups with different covariate profiles and competing mortality patterns. In our illustrative example, we show that regional variations in survival following a diagnosis of rectal cancer persist even after accounting for the variation in deprivation, age at diagnosis and other cause mortality. Conclusions: The methodological approach of using standardised and reference adjusted metrics offers an appealing approach for future cancer survival comparison studies and routinely published cancer statistics. Our non-parametric estimation approach through the use of weighting offers the ability to estimate comparable survival estimates without the need for statistical modelling.
Novel SCNN1A Gene Splicing-site Mutation Causing Autosomal Recessive Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) in two Italian Patients Belonging to the Same Small Town
Authors: Serra Gregorio , Antona Vincenzo , D’Alessandro Maria Michela , Maggio Maria Cristina , Verde Vincenzo , Corsello Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
IntroductionPseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare genetic disease due to the peripheral resistance to aldosterone. Its clinical spectrum includes neonatal salt loss syndrome with hyponatremia and hypochloraemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and increased plasmatic levels of aldosterone. Two genetically distinct forms of disease, renal and systemic, have been described, showing a wide clinical expressivity. Mutations in the genes encoding for the subunits of the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are responsible for generalized PHA1. Patients’ presentationWe hereby report on two Italian patients with generalized PHA1, coming from the same small town in the center of Sicily. The first patient is a male child, born from the first pregnancy of healthy consanguineous Sicilian parents. A novel SCNN1A (sodium channel epithelial subunit alpha) gene mutation, inherited from both heterozygous parents, was identified by next generation sequencing (NGS) in the homozygous child (and later, also in the heterozygous maternal aunt). A more detailed family history disclosed a possible related twenty-year-old girl, belonging to the same Sicilian small town, with referred neonatal salt loss syndrome associated to hyperkalemia, and subsequent normal growth and neurodevelopment. This second patient had a PHA1 clinical diagnosis when she was about one year old. The genetic investigation was, then, extended to her and to her family, revealing the same mutation in the homozygous girl and in the heterozygous parents.ConclusionsThe neonatologist should consider PHA1 diagnosis in newborns showing hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, after the exclusion of a salting-loss form of adrenogenital syndrome. The increased plasmatic levels of aldosterone and aldosterone/renin ratio, associated to a poor response to steroid administration, confirmed the diagnosis in the first present patient. An accurate family history may be decisive to identify the clinical picture. A multidisciplinary approach and close follow-up evaluations are requested, in view of optimal management, adequate growth and development of patients. Next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques allowed the identification of the SCNN1A gene mutation either in both patients or in other heterozygous family members, enabling also primary prevention of disease. Our report may broaden the knowledge of the genetic and molecular bases of PHA1, improving its clinical characterization and providing useful indications for the treatment of patients. Clinical approach must be personalized, also in relation to long-term survival and potential multiorgan complications.
Forensic facial reconstruction using CBCT – A systematic review
Authors: JAYAKRISHNAN JIJIN MEKKADATH 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesThis systematic review evaluated whether CBCT is a better diagnostic tool in facial forensic reconstruction. Forensic facial reconstruction is a technique to reconstruct human face from unidentified face from skull remains for human identification and facial recognition.Materials and methodsArticle selection and data extraction was done based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria devised for the study. The articles were screened from PubMed, ProQuest, Google scholar, Science direct and Scopus.ResultThree hundred and thirty-nine articles were initially identified from which seven articles were full text reviewed and included in the review. All the articles included in this study suggest that the facial reconstruction done using CBCT are reliable. ConclusionThe computerized 3D modeling method produces reliable facial reconstructions which involves the images scanned from CBCT and the combination method. The computerized 3D modeling method produces facial reconstruction which almost mimics the original resemblance.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer Patients with Mismatch Repair Deficiency or Microsatellite Instability: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nie Runcong , Yuan Shuqiang , Kim Jin Won , Wang Yun , Chen Guoming , Zhou Jie , Chen Yingbo , Chen Shi , Zhou Zhiwei , Cai Muyan , Li Yuanfang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) serves as a predictor poor response to adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer patients. Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We searched literatures through December, 2020 to identify clinical studies that reported survival comparing adjuvant chemotherapy with surgery alone in dMMR/MSI-H GCs. Two approaches were used to pool the hazard ratio (HR) of survival: (1) If Kaplan-Meier curves and number at risk were provided, individual patient data were extracted. Cox models were used to calculate the HR with 95% confidence interval (CI); (2) for study-level data, pooled HR was estimated using fixed/random-effects models. Results: Six clinical studies were identified. For dMMR/MSI-H versus mismatch repair proficient (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS)/microsatellite instability-low (MSI-L), the estimated 5-years DFS were 74.2% versus 51.5% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.32-0.62; P < 0.001); the estimated 5-years OS were 60.8% versus 50.1% (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.88; P = 0.001). At study-level data, the pooled HRs were 0.42 for DFS (95% CI, 0.31-0.57; P < 0.001) and 0.66 for OS (95% CI, 0.32-1.38; P = 0.268). For adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in dMMR/MSI-H, the estimated 5-years DFS were 76.1% versus 73.3% (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.45-1.15; P = 0.171); the estimated 5-years OS were 74.9% versus 60.2% (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.44-0.83; P = 0.001). Significant survival differences were also observed at study-level. Conclusions: This study further suggested adjuvant chemotherapy could be beneficial even in dMMR/MSI-H GC patients.
Air Pollution Impacts During 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic: Emphasis on Urban, Suburban and Rural Zones
Authors: Slezakova Klara , Pereira Maria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Air quality improvements pollution changes due to COVID-19 restrictions have been reported for many urban developments and large metropolitan areas, but the respective impacts at rural and remote zones are less frequently analysed. This study evaluated air pollution changes across all Portugal (68 stations) considering all urban, suburban and rural zones. PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, ozone was analysed in pre-, during, and post-lockdown period (January-May 2020) and for a comparison also in 2019. NO2 was the most reduced pollutant in 2020, which coincided with decreased traffic. Significant drop (15– 240%) of traffic related NO2 was observed specifically during lockdown period, being 55% for the largest and most populated region in country. PM was affected to a lesser degree (with substantial differences found for largely populated areas (Lisbon region 30–40%; North region: up to 95%); during lockdown traffic-related PM dropped 10–70%. PM10 daily limit was exceeded 50% less in 2020, with 80% of exceedances before lockdown period. SO2 decreased by 35%, due to suspended industrial productions, whereas ozone concentrations slightly (though not significantly) increased (83 vs. 80 µg m− 3).
Population genetic structure of European wildcats inhabiting the area between the Dinaric Alps and the Scardo-Pindic mountains
Authors: Urzi Felicita , Šprem Nikica , Potočnik Hubert , Sindičić Magda , Konjević Dean , Ćirović Duško , Rezić Andrea , Duniš Luka , Melovski Dime , Buzan Elena 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and loss have contributed significantly to the demographic decline of European wildcat populations and hybridization with domestic cats poses a threat to the loss of genetic purity of the species. In this study we used microsatellite markers to analyse genetic variation and structure of the wildcat populations from the area between the Dinaric Alps and the Scardo-Pindic mountains in Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and North Macedonia. We also investigated hybridisation between populations of wildcats and domestic cats in the area. One hundred and thirteen samples from free-leaving European wildcats and thirty-two samples from domestic cats were analysed. Allelic richness across populations ranged from 3.61 to 3.98. The observed Ho values ranged between 0.57 and 0.71. The global FST value for the four populations was 0.080 (95% CI 0.056–0.109) and differed significantly from zero (P < 0.001). The highest FST value was observed between the populations North Macedonia and Slovenia and the lowest between Slovenia and Croatia. We also found a signal for the existence of isolation by distance between populations. Our results showed that wildcats are divided in two genetic clusters largely consistent with a geographic division into a genetically diverse northern group (Slovenia, Croatia) and genetically eroded south-eastern group (Serbia, N. Macedonia). Hybridisation rate between wildcats and domestic cats varied between 13% and 52% across the regions.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C-Associated Cirrhotic Patients Treated With Different Combinations of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents Available in Pakistan: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Abro Irshad Batool , Bhatti Jamil Muqtadir , Siddiqui Ali Akbar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant cause of chronic liver disease, which can result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are associated with a significant rise in sustained virologic response and reduced treatment duration. We performed this study to assess the incidence of HCC in patients with HCV-associated cirrhosis following therapy with DAAs available in Pakistan.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from July 2019 to August 2020. Three hundred fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria and were included. We recorded baseline demographic characteristics, Child-Pugh class, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, alpha-fetoprotein level, and abdominal ultrasound/computed tomography (CT) scan before and after treatment. We also noted the duration of DAA treatment and the types of DAA used. HCC was considered present according to characteristic imaging findings on abdominal ultrasound/CT scans. ResultsA total of 314 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients who developed HCC was 46.7 years ± 10.3 years. Of the patients who developed HCC, 20 (69%) were male, and nine (31%) were female (p=0.221). Five patients who developed HCC also had diabetes (17.2%; p=0.174) and 17 (58.6%) were smokers (p=0.001). Among patients treated with a combination of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, 20 (69%) developed HCC. Nine patients (31%) treated with a combination of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir developed HCC (p=0.1). Eight patients younger than 40 years (27.6%) developed HCC, and 21 patients aged 40 years or older (72.6%) developed HCC (p=0.55). HCC was common in Child-Pugh class A patients (n=19; 65.6%). Twenty-three patients (79.3%) with a MELD score <9 developed HCC. Eight percent of patients treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir for 12 weeks developed HCC, and 15% developed HCC after 24 weeks of treatment with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir. When treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 and 24 weeks, 4% and 9% developed HCC, respectively. Alpha-fetoprotein was elevated in all patients diagnosed with HCC, while only 14.7% of those with no HCC had elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. ConclusionDAAs were associated with an increased risk of HCC. HCC was more commonly seen in patients treated with a combination of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir than sofosbuvir/daclatasvir.