bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy against esophageal primary amelanotic malignant melanoma relapse
Authors: Tsukamoto Ryoichi , Ihara Hiroaki , Takase Masaru , Shimazu Ai , Takei Masahiko , Miura Hiroyoshi , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Namekata Koji 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor derived from melanocytes. Esophageal melanomas occur infrequently, especially primary amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PAMME), which is extremely rare. Here, we report the case of a 74-year-old man with an esophageal amelanotic melanoma on the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) found on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Radical surgery for the tumor at the EGJ was performed with total gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection. Diagnosis of PAMME was confirmed postoperatively by immunohistochemical staining. Four months after the surgery, abdominal computed tomography revealed multiple liver metastases. The patient received seven cycles of nivolumab monotherapy and two subsequent cycles of nivolumab and ipilimumab, and these metastases diminished. Recently, new therapeutic agents including immunotherapy have been developed for malignant melanoma and these agents have the potential of improving the prognosis of PAMME. Here, we present new insights into the diagnosis and therapeutic methods that can be used against primary esophageal melanoma.
Quantitative Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using Indirect ELISA
Authors: Luo Shuhong , Xu Jianhua , Cho Chih Yun , Zhu Siwei , Whittaker Kelly C , Wang Xingqi , Feng Jie , Wang Meng , Xie Shehuo , Fang Jianmin , Huang Andy S , Song Xuedong , Huang Ruo-Pan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, but it is necessary to utilize other tests to determine the burden of the disease and the spread of the outbreak such as IgG-, IgM-, and IgA-based antibody detection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Materials and Methods
We developed an indirect ELISA assay to quantitatively measure the amount of COVID-19 IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies present in patient serum, dried blood, and plasma.

Results
The population cutoff values for positivity were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves to be 1.23 U/mL, 23.09 U/mL, and 6.36 U/mL for IgG, IgM, and IgA, respectively. After albumin subtraction, the specificity remained &gt;98% and the sensitivity was 95.72%, 83.47%, and 82.60%, respectively, for IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to the combined spike subunit 1 receptor binding domain and N proteins in serum. Plasma and dried blood spot specimens were also validated on this assay.

Conclusion
This assay may be used for determining the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a population exposed to the virus or in vaccinated individuals.
Indicative Conditionals and Epistemic Luminosity
Authors: Hewson Matthew , Kirkpatrick James Ravi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Kevin Dorst has recently pointed out an apparently puzzling consequence of denying epistemic luminosity: given some natural-sounding bridging principles between knowledge, credence, and indicative conditionals, the denial of epistemic luminosity licenses the knowledge and assertability of abominable-sounding conditionals of the form ⌜If I don’t know that ϕ, then ϕ⌝. We provide a general and systematic examination of this datum by testing Dorst’s claim against various semantics for the indicative conditional in the setting of epistemic logic. Our conclusion is that, regardless of whether knowledge is luminous, the knowability of these conditionals is highly sensitive to the correct semantic analysis of the indicative conditional. Moreover, standard pragmatic resources can explain away the infelicity of such assertions. As it stands, the datum does not tell against epistemic non-luminosity.
The qualitative accuracy of clinical dermatophytes via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jin , Zheng Feng , Sun Xihuan , Gao Hongzhi , Lin Shu , Zeng Yiming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dermatophytes are an important part of superficial fungal infections, and accurate diagnosis is paramount for successful treatment. Recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a powerful tool to identify clinical pathogens; its advantages are cost-effectiveness, rapid detection, and high accuracy. However, as the accurate identification of clinical dermatophytes via MALDI-TOF MS has still not been fully evaluated, we performed a meta-analysis for its systematic evaluation. Fifteen eligible studies were involved and showed high accuracy with an identification ratio of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.92─1.01) and 0.91 (95% CI = 0.86─0.96) at the genus and species levels, respectively. The results showed higher accuracy ratio of Vitek MS (91%) than MALDI Biotyper (85%). Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton interdigitale (0.99, 95% CI = 0.97─1.02), T. mentagrophytes var interdigitale (1.00, 95% CI = 0.98─1.02), and Microsporum canis (0.97, 95% CI = 0.89─1.04) showed high accuracy in detected clinical dermatophytes. Moreover, a library with self-built database set up by laboratories showed higher accuracy than commercial database, and 15-day cultivation for dermatophytes showed highest accuracy considering culture time. High heterogeneity was observed and decreased only with the subgroup analysis of species. The subgroup analysis of mass spectrometry, library database, and culture time also exhibited high heterogeneity. In summary, our results showed that MALDI-TOF MS could be used for highly accurate detection of clinically pathogenic dermatophytes, which could be an alternative diagnostic method in addition to morphological and molecular methods.
TERA-Seq: true end-to-end sequencing of native RNA molecules for transcriptome characterization
Authors: Ibrahim Fadia , Oppelt Jan , Maragkakis Manolis , Mourelatos Zissimos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Direct sequencing of single, native RNA molecules through nanopores has a strong potential to transform research in all aspects of RNA biology and clinical diagnostics. The existing platform from Oxford Nanopore Technologies is unable to sequence the very 5′ ends of RNAs and is limited to polyadenylated molecules. Here, we develop True End-to-end RNA Sequencing (TERA-Seq), a platform that addresses these limitations, permitting more thorough transcriptome characterization. TERA-Seq describes both poly- and non-polyadenylated RNA molecules and accurately identifies their native 5′ and 3′ ends by ligating uniquely designed adapters that are sequenced along with the transcript. We find that capped, full-length mRNAs in human cells show marked variation of poly(A) tail lengths at the single molecule level. We report prevalent capping downstream of canonical transcriptional start sites in otherwise fully spliced and polyadenylated molecules. We reveal RNA processing and decay at single molecule level and find that mRNAs decay cotranslationally, often from their 5′ ends, while frequently retaining poly(A) tails. TERA-Seq will prove useful in many applications where true end-to-end direct sequencing of single, native RNA molecules and their isoforms is desirable.
Structural and chemical evolution in layered oxide cathodes of lithium-ion batteries revealed by synchrotron techniques
Authors: Qian Guannan , Wang Junyang , Li Hong , Ma Zi-Feng , Pianetta Piero , Li Linsen , Yu Xiqian , Liu Yijin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rechargeable battery technologies have revolutionized electronics, transportation and grid energy storage. Many materials are being researched for battery applications, with layered transition metal oxides (LTMO) the dominating cathode candidate with remarkable electrochemical performance. Yet, daunting challenges persist in the quest for further battery developments targeting lower cost, longer lifespan, improved energy density and enhanced safety. This is, in part, because of the intrinsic complexity of real-world batteries, featuring sophisticated interplay among microstructural, compositional and chemical heterogeneities, which has motivated tremendous research efforts using state-of-the-art analytical techniques. In this research field, synchrotron techniques have been identified as a suite of effective methods for advanced battery characterization in a non-destructive manner with sensitivities to the lattice, electronic and morphological structures. This article provides a holistic overview of cutting-edge developments in synchrotron-based research on LTMO battery cathode materials. We discuss the complexity and evolution of LTMO’s material properties upon battery operation and review recent synchrotron-based research works that address the frontier challenges and provide novel insights in this field. Finally, we formulate a perspective on future directions of synchrotron-based battery research, involving next-generation X-ray facilities and advanced computational developments.
Supinator to Posterior Interosseous Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Finger Extension
Authors: Bazarek Stanley , Sten Margaret , Nin Darren , Brown Justin M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cervical spinal cord injuries result in a severe loss of function and independence. The primary goal for these patients is the restoration of hand function. Nerve transfers have recently become a powerful intervention to restore the ability to grasp and release objects. The supinator muscle, although a suboptimal tendon transfer donor, serves as an ideal distal nerve donor for reconstructive strategies of the hand. This transfer is also applicable to lower brachial plexus injuries.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the supinator to posterior interosseous nerve transfer with the goal of restoring finger extension following spinal cord or lower brachial plexus injury.

METHODS
Nerve branches to the supinator muscle are transferred to the posterior interosseous nerve supplying the finger extensor muscles in the forearm.

RESULTS
The supinator to posterior interosseous nerve transfer is effective in restoring finger extension following spinal cord or lower brachial plexus injury.

CONCLUSION
This procedure represents an optimal nerve transfer as the donor nerve is adjacent to the target nerve and its associated muscles. The supinator muscle is innervated by the C5-6 nerve roots and is often available in cases of cervical SCI and injuries of the lower brachial plexus. Additionally, supination function is retained by supination action of the biceps muscle.
Traumatic and Spontaneous Vertebral Artery Dissections: An Analysis of Tertiary-Center 310 Patient Cohort
Authors: Prasad Nikil , Mitra Akash , Shlobin Nathan A , Azad Hooman A , Cloney Michael B , Hopkins Benjamin S , Jahromi Babak S , Potts Matthew B , Dahdaleh Nader S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Vertebral artery dissections (VADs) are rare yet potentially devastating events. While the etiology of these events is either traumatic or spontaneous, there is a paucity of quantitative literature comparing the two.

OBJECTIVE
To identify differences in predisposing factors, event characteristics, and clinical outcomes between traumatic VADs (tVADs) and spontaneous VADs (sVADs).

METHODS
We retrospectively identified patients with VADs presenting to our institution at VAD onset with at least a 3-mo follow-up. Demographics, event characteristics, treatment details, and neurological outcomes as modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores were collected.

RESULTS
Of the 310 patients sustaining 366 VADs total, 187 (60.3%) patients experienced a total of 221 (60.4%) sVADs and 123 (39.7%) patients experienced a total of 145 (39.6%) tVADs. sVADs were more likely to occur in the intracranial course of the artery (P = .042) and have a lower mRS at discharge, 3-month, and last clinical follow-up (P = 003, .002, and .001, respectively). tVADs were more likely associated with concomitant fractures (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Despite similar patient populations, tVADs are associated with higher mRS scores at all time points. Although further study is needed, this may suggest other concomitant trauma rather than the VAD itself is contributing to worse neurological status in patients with tVADs.
Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Cranio-Cervical Junction Chordoma and Ventral Chiari Decompression: A Case Report
Authors: Muthiah Nallammai , McDowell Michael M , Zenonos Georgios , Agarwal Nitin , Snyderman Carl H , Friedlander Robert M , Gardner Paul A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Chiari I malformations secondary to other causes represent a small subset of presenting symptomatic cases. Typically, the primary cause of the malformation is addressed first and results in resolution of the malformation and symptoms. However, in some cases, a patient may present with both a primary Chiari I malformation and another unrelated neurosurgical lesions.

OBJECTIVE
To present a unique case in which resection of a ventral tumor allowed for spontaneous resolution of a simultaneously noted dorsal Chiari I malformation.

METHODS
Pertinent data, including presenting symptoms, hospital course, surgical notes, preoperative images, and postoperative images, were collected using the electronic medical record.

RESULTS
We present a case of a 46-yr-old man with a Chiari I malformation in conjunction with a ventral cranio-cervical junction chordoma. Endoscopic endonasal resection of the chordoma and ventral foramen magnum decompression resulted in radiographic resolution of the Chiari malformation and resolution of his symptoms. Our report represents a rare case of ventral foramen magnum decompression as a treatment for Chiari I malformation.

CONCLUSION
It is felt that the chordoma mass effect was not the source of the Chiari I malformation. Thus, both ventral and dorsal decompressions of the posterior fossa may be considered for Chiari I decompression in select circumstances.
Seasonal hydromedusan feeding patterns in an Eastern Boundary Current show consistent predation on primary consumers
Authors: Corrales-Ugalde Marco , Sponaugle Su , Cowen Robert K , Sutherland Kelly R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cnidarian jellyfish can be dominant players in the food webs of highly productive Eastern Boundary Currents (EBC). However, the trophic role of inconspicuous hydromedusae in EBCs has traditionally been overlooked. We collected mesozooplankton from five stations along two cross-shelf transects in the Northern California Current (NCC) during winter and summer of 2018–2019. We analyzed gut contents of 11 hydromedusan species and the prey community to (i) determine prey resource use by hydromedusae and (ii) determine temporal shifts in the trophic niche of hydromedusae, focusing on the two most collected species (Clytia gregaria and Eutonina indicans). Hydromedusae in the NCC fed mostly on copepods, appendicularians and invertebrate larvae. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of hydromedusan diets showed seasonal shifts in prey resource driven by the abundant C. gregaria, which fed mostly on copepod eggs during winter and fed mostly on appendicularians and copepods during summer. Prey selectivity for copepod eggs increased during winter for C. gregaria and E. indicans. Intriguingly, theoretical ingestion rates show that both species acquire similar amounts of carbon during upwelling and nonupwelling conditions. Hydromedusae’s consistent presence and predation impact across seasons may lead to significant effects in carbon and energy transfer through the NCC food web.
Rank, Experience, and Attitudes towards Domestic Violence Intervention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Chinese Police Officers
Authors: Lin Kai , Wu Yuning , Sun Ivan Y , Wang Xiying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBy analyzing survey data collected from over 400 police officers in Jiangsu Province, China, this study assessed the direct and indirect effects of officer rank and experience on police support for law enforcement domestic violence (DV) intervention. The results from the path analysis revealed that officer experience of handling DV reduced support for DV intervention, and this reductive effect was stronger among frontline officers as compared with their supervisors. Supervisory support was directly linked to officer support for handling DV, mediating the influences of demographic and experiential factors. These findings suggest that when it comes to DV intervention, the experience of handling DV, moderated by officer rank, plays a strong role in shaping DV enforcement in China along with supervisory support. Implications for policymaking and future research were also discussed.
Impact of animation-supported consent on complaints and serious incidents due to failure to inform
Authors: Wald D S , Arrol L 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Background
Introduction of digital animations to explain medical procedures before consent to treatment (animation-supported consent) has been shown to improve patient-reported understanding of a procedure’s benefits, risks and alternatives.

Aim
We examined whether introduction of animation-supported consent is associated with a change in the incidence of complaints and serious incidents due to failure to inform.

Methods
Multi-language animations explaining 10 cardiac procedures, in coronary intervention, electrophysiology and cardiac surgery, (www.explainmyprocedure.com) were introduced at a London cardiac centre from April 2019. Complaints and serious incidents due to failure to inform were identified from the hospital Datix database for the two years before introducing animation-supported consent (no animation group) and the two years afterwards (animation group), together with the total number of procedures and major complications recorded during these periods. We compared the incidence of complaints and serious incidents, expressed as a proportion of the number of major complications, recorded during each period.

Results
There were 580 complications among 21 855 procedures performed in the no animation group and 411 complications among 18 254 procedures in the animation group. There were 14 complaints or serious incidents due to failure to inform in the no animation group and 3 in the animation group; rates of 2.41% (14/580) and 0.73% (3/411), respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for difference).

Conclusion
In this observational comparison, introduction of animation-supported consent was associated with a 70% reduction in complaints or serious incidents due to failure to inform before consent. This has significant quality and cost implications for improving consent pathways in clinical practice.
A Dynamic Framework for Earnings Inequality between Black and White Men
Authors: Ren Chunhui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study conceptualizes earnings inequality between black and white men as a three-stage dynamic process: the pre-market human capital acquisition, the labor-market entry, and the longitudinal career progression. Based on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), this framework is put to an empirical test that leads to two major conclusions. First, overall patterns of black-white earnings inequality are shaped primarily at labor-market entry as opposed to developing within the labor market. Second, the longitudinal progression of earnings inequality exhibits distinctive trajectories across different pre-market groups. Less-educated black men face a wider earnings gap at labor-market entry, but the gap stays relatively stable over time. Highly educated black men face a narrower earnings gap at labor-market entry, but the gap widens over time. I attribute these patterns to the temporal-specific interplays between race and a series of labor-market mechanisms.
Multimodal learning of pheromone locations
Authors: Pardasani Meenakshi , Marathe Shruti D. , Purnapatre Maitreyee Mandar , Dalvi Urvashi , Abraham Nixon M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMemorizing pheromonal locations is critical for many mammalian species as it involves finding mates and avoiding competitors. In rodents, pheromonal information is perceived by the main and accessory olfactory systems. However, the role of somatosensation in context‐dependent learning and memorizing of pheromone locations remains unexplored. We addressed this problem by training female mice on a multimodal task to locate pheromones by sampling volatiles emanating from male urine through the orifices of varying dimensions or shapes that are sensed by their vibrissae. In this novel pheromone location assay, female mice’ preference toward male urine scent decayed over time when they were permitted to explore pheromones vs neutral stimuli, water. On training them for the associations involving olfactory and whisker systems, it was established that they were able to memorize the location of opposite sex pheromones, when tested 15 days later. This memory was not formed either when the somatosensory inputs through whisker pad were blocked or when the pheromonal cues were replaced with that of same sex. The association between olfactory and somatosensory systems was further confirmed by the enhanced expression of the activity‐regulated cytoskeleton protein. Furthermore, the activation of main olfactory bulb circuitry by pheromone volatiles did not cause any modulation in learning and memorizing non‐pheromonal volatiles. Our study thus provides the evidence for associations formed between different sensory modalities facilitating the long‐term memory formation relevant to social and reproductive behaviors.
Communicating to Engage: An Improvisational Theater-Based Communication Training Designed to Support Community–Academic Partnership Development
Authors: Battaglia Tracy A. , Megrath Kyle , Spencer Nikki , Pamphile Jennifer , Crossno Chase , Maschke Ariel , Bak Sharon , O’Connor George T. , Clark Cheryl R. , Sarfaty Suzanne 
Published: August 2021

Problem
The potential for community-engaged research to address health inequity requires deliberate effort to create trusting and equitable community–academic partnerships. A lack of evidence-based opportunities for cultivating such partnerships remains a barrier.

Approach
In 2017 and 2018, the authors designed, facilitated, and evaluated a mixed stakeholder training, Communicating to Engage, at 2 urban academic medical centers involved in the All of Us research program, Boston Medical Center and Mass General Brigham. The goal was to bring together researchers and community members to develop communication skills through improvisational theater-based co-learning. The curriculum was inspired by several evidence-based learning frameworks including community-based participatory research principles and improvisational theater techniques. A self-administered survey completed before and after the training session measured participants’ communication skills using the Self-Perceived Communication Competence Scale (SPCCS) and comfort with specific communication styles as outlined in the program’s training objectives. Paired t tests were used to measure changes in scaled responses among combined participants and separately among self-identified community members and researchers.

Outcomes
Sixty-nine total participants across 6 workshops completed training evaluations. Overall, pre–post survey analysis demonstrated significant mean score improvement for both the SPCCS and comfort with specific communication styles. In stratified analysis, both community members (n = 26) and researchers (n = 38) reported significant improvement in scores related to comfort with specific communication styles. Only researchers, but not community members, had significant improvement in SPCCS scores.

Next Steps
The Communicating to Engage program brought community and researcher stakeholders together and demonstrated improvement in self-perceived communication styles, yet researcher participants benefited more than community participants. Future innovation is necessary to further target community stakeholder communication training needs. Mixed stakeholder improvisational theater-based learning provides deliberate opportunities to build new community–academic partnerships that may enhance health equity initiatives.