bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informatics as a Fundamental Discipline in General Education: The Danish Perspective
Authors: Caspersen Michael E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInformatics in general, and the particular development of artificial intelligence, is changing human knowledge, perception, and reality, thus radically changing the course of human history. Informatics has made it possible to automate an extraordinary range of tasks by enabling machines to play an increasingly decisive role in drawing conclusions from data and then taking action. The growing transfer of judgment from human beings to machines denotes the revolutionary aspect of informatics.For societies to maintain or regain democratic control and supremacy over digital technology, it is imperative to include informatics in general education with a dual perspective on possibilities and implications of computing for individuals and society. The Danish informatics curriculum for general education acknowledges the dual and bipartite nature of informatics by complementing a constructive approach to computing with a critical analytic approach to digital artifacts.
Responsible Technology Design: Conversations for Success
Authors: Winter Susan J. , Butler Brian S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDigital humanism calls for new technologies that enhance human dignity and autonomy by educating, controlling, or otherwise holding developers responsible. However, this approach to responsible technology design paradoxically depends on the premise that technology is a path to overcoming human limitations while assuming that developers are themselves capable of super-human feats of prognostication. Recognizing developers as subject to human limitations themselves means that responsible technology design cannot be merely a matter of expecting developers to create technology that leads to certain desirable outcomes. Rather, responsible design involves expecting the technologies to be designed in ways that provide for active, meaningful, ongoing conversations between the developer and the technology, between the user and the technology, and between the user and the developer—and expecting that designers and users will commit to engaging in those conversations.
The Real Cost of Surveillance Capitalism: Digital Humanism in the United States and Europe
Authors: Stanger Allison 
Published: November 2021

AbstractShoshana Zuboff’s international best seller, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the Frontier of Power, has rightfully alarmed citizens of free societies about the uses and misuses of their personal data. Yet the concept of surveillance capitalism, from a global perspective, ultimately obscures more than it reveals. The real threat to liberal democracies is not capitalism but the growing inequalities that corporate surveillance in its unfettered form both reveals and exacerbates. By unclearly specifying the causal mechanisms of the very real negative costs she identifies, Zuboff creates the impression that capitalism itself is the culprit, when the real source of the problem is the absence of good governance.
Freshwater organisms potentially useful as biosensors and power-generation mediators in biohybrid robotics
Authors: Rajewicz Wiktoria , Romano Donato , Varughese Joshua Cherian , Vuuren Godfried Jansen Van , Campo Alexandre , Thenius Ronald , Schmickl Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFacing the threat of rapidly worsening water quality, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches of monitoring its global supplies and early detection of environmental fluctuations. Global warming, urban growth and other factors have threatened not only the freshwater supply but also the well-being of many species inhabiting it. Traditionally, laboratory-based studies can be both time and money consuming and so, the development of a real-time, continuous monitoring method has proven necessary. The use of autonomous, self-actualizing entities became an efficient way of monitoring the environment. The Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) will be investigated as an alternative energy source to allow for these entities to self-actualize. This concept has been improved with the use of various lifeforms in the role of biosensors in a structure called ”biohybrid” which we aim to develop further within the framework of project Robocoenosis relying on animal-robot interaction. We introduce a novel concept of a fully autonomous biohybrid agent with various lifeforms in the role of biosensors. Herein, we identify most promising organisms in the context of underwater robotics, among others Dreissena polymorpha, Anodonta cygnaea, Daphnia sp. and various algae. Special focus is placed on the ”ecosystem hacking” based on their interaction with the electronic parts. This project uses Austrian lakes of various trophic levels (Millstättersee, Hallstättersee and Neusiedlersee) as case studies and as a ”proof of concept”.
SchenQL: in-depth analysis of a query language for bibliographic metadata
Authors: Kreutz Christin Katharina , Wolz Michael , Knack Jascha , Weyers Benjamin , Schenkel Ralf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInformation access to bibliographic metadata needs to be uncomplicated, as users may not benefit from complex and potentially richer data that may be difficult to obtain. Sophisticated research questions including complex aggregations could be answered with complex SQL queries. However, this comes with the cost of high complexity, which requires for a high level of expertise even for trained programmers. A domain-specific query language could provide a straightforward solution to this problem. Although less generic, it can support users not familiar with query construction in the formulation of complex information needs. In this paper, we present and evaluate SchenQL, a simple and applicable query language that is accompanied by a prototypical GUI. SchenQL focuses on querying bibliographic metadata using the vocabulary of domain experts. The easy-to-learn domain-specific query language is suitable for domain experts as well as casual users while still providing the possibility to answer complex information demands. Query construction and information exploration are supported by a prototypical GUI. We present an evaluation of the complete system: different variants for executing SchenQL queries are benchmarked; interviews with domain-experts and a bipartite quantitative user study demonstrate SchenQL’s suitability and high level of users’ acceptance.
Clinicopathological discordance in biopsy-proven nephrosclerosis: a nationwide cross-sectional study of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR)
Authors: Sumida Keiichi , Takeda Asami , Furuichi Kengo , Uesugi Noriko , Ubara Yoshifumi , Sato Hiroshi , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Shimizu Akira , Yokoyama Hitoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with nephrosclerosis display heterogenous clinical phenotypes, often leading to a clinical diagnosis discordant with pathological nephrosclerosis diagnosis. However, little is known about clinical factors associated with clinicopathological discordance of biopsy-proven nephrosclerosis.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study of 891 patients with biopsy-proven nephrosclerosis registered in the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR) between July 2007 and June 2016, we examined clinical characteristics associated with a pre-biopsy clinical diagnosis discordant with pathological nephrosclerosis diagnosis using multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for relevant clinical characteristics.

Results
Overall, the mean (SD) age was 58.6 (13.7) years; 67.6% of patients were male; and 63.2% were on antihypertensive drugs. The median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 43.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 and the median proteinuria was 0.5 g/day. Of the 891 patients, 497 (55.8%) had a clinical diagnosis discordant with pathological nephrosclerosis diagnosis, with chronic nephritic syndrome being the most common (> 75%) discordant clinical diagnosis. After multivariable adjustment, age (odds ratio 1.34, [95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.55], per 10 years increase), eGFR (1.10 [1.00–1.21], per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 increase), and proteinuria (1.20 [1.03–2.16], per 1 g/day decrease) were found to be significantly associated with the clinicopathological discordance.

Conclusions
Patients with older age, higher eGFR, and lower proteinuria had significantly higher likelihood of being clinically diagnosed with other glomerular disease in patients with biopsy-proven nephrosclerosis. Our findings highlight the heterogeneous clinical phenotypes of nephrosclerosis and suggest the need for continuous improvement of clinical diagnostic accuracy as well as for wider kidney biopsy indications for nephrosclerosis.
Associations between Experiences of Police Contact and Discrimination by the Police and Courts and Health Outcomes in a Representative Sample of Adults in New York City
Authors: Thompson Azure , Baquero María , English Devin , Calvo Michele , Martin-Howard Simone , Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra , Garretson Marné , Brahmbhatt Diksha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Communities marginalized because of racism, heterosexism, and other systems of oppression have a history of being aggressively policed, and in those contexts, researchers have observed associations between a range of negative experiences with police and poor physical, mental, and behavioral health outcomes. However, past studies have been limited in that experiences of police contacts were aggregated at the neighborhood level and, if police contacts were self-reported, the sample was not representative. To address these limitations, we employed NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 2017 Social Determinants of Health Survey (n = 2335) data to examine the associations of self-reported police contacts and discrimination by police and the courts with measures of physical (poor physical health), mental (poor mental health, serious psychological distress), and behavioral health (binge drinking). Residents marginalized because of racial, ethnic, and sexual minority status were more likely to be stopped, searched, or questioned by the police; threatened or abused by the police; and discriminated against by the police or in the courts; those experiences were associated with poor physical, mental, and behavioral health outcomes. The associations between experiences with police and poor health outcomes were strongest among Black residents and residents aged 25–44. Our findings suggest that the health of NYC residents who have had exposure to police and experienced discrimination by the police and courts is poorer than those who have not, and build on a growing body of evidence that aggressive policing practices have implications for public health.
Continuous Heating Dissolution and Continuous Cooling Precipitation Diagrams of a Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Rowolt Christian , Milkereit Benjamin , Broer Jette , Springer Armin , Kessler Olaf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBinary NiTi alloys are the most common shape memory alloys in medical applications, combining good mechanical properties and high biocompatibility. In NiTi alloys, the shape memory effect is caused by the transformation of an austenite phase to a martensite phase and the reverse process. Transformation temperatures are strongly influenced by the exact chemical composition of the NiTi phase and the presence of precipitates in the microstructure induced by thermo-mechanical treatment, especially solution annealing and ageing. Isothermal time–temperature precipitation diagrams can be found in the literature. Cooling is frequently not considered, as water quenching is typically assumed to be sufficient. To the best of our knowledge, continuous heating dissolution (CHD) and continuous cooling precipitation (CCP) diagrams do not exist. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a common method to analyse the austenite/martensite transformation in shape memory alloys, but it has not yet been used to analyse precipitation processes during continuous temperature changes. We have enabled DSC to analyse dissolution and precipitation processes in situ during heating as well as during cooling from the solution annealing temperature. Results are presented as CHD and CCP diagrams, including information from microstructure analysis and the associated changes in the austenite/martensite transformation temperatures.
A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Fe-Containing Palygorskite
Authors: Lu Zhijun , Zhou Jinhong , Lu Xiancai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFe is a common substituent in palygorskites (Plg), but its effect on the microscopic properties is unclear. In the current study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of Fe on the properties of the nano-pores in Plg. The structures and dynamics of water and Na+ ions in the pores were computed by analyzing the MD trajectories. The results revealed that for both Fe-containing and ordinary Plg, zeolitic water molecules can diffuse into the pores with very low mobility whereas Mg-coordinated water fails to escape. Na+ ions show no obvious diffusivity because they are fixed above the Si–Osix-membered rings. Detailed comparison indicates that Fe-substitution has no significant influence on the pore properties of Plg.
Land Reform for a Landless Chief in South Africa: History and Land Restitution in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Kelly Jill E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLand claims and contests have been central to the construction of political authority across the African continent. South Africa’s post-apartheid land reform program aims to address historical dispossessions, but the program has experienced numerous obstacles and limits—in terms of pace, communal land access, productivity, and rural class divides. Drawing on archival and newspaper sources, Kelly traces how the descendant of a colonially-appointed, landless chief manipulated a claim into a landed chieftaincy and how both the chief and the competing claimants have deployed histories of landlessness and firstcomer accounts in a manner distinct to the KwaZulu-Natal region as part of the land restitution process.
Iran’s higher education and COVID-19: the “new normal” for Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Memari Amir-Hossein , Kordi Ramin , Ziaee Vahid , Pourgharib Shahi Mohammad Hossein , Sohrabpour Amir Ali , Dastjerdi Nasrin , Nakhostin-Ansari Amin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
When the emergency committee of the World Health Organization declared that the outbreak of COVID-19 meets the criteria of a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” on January 30th, 2020, no one could ever imagine how soon it will spread globally, and a health crisis would turn to a social crisis that affects everything including higher education. However, during this uncertainty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) tried to respond quickly. In this study, we explain how a nerve center has helped TUMS respond to this crisis and ensure safety to keep key operations going, and set up a functional decision-making system for the future. We also share perspectives on the critical issues, the challenges ahead, and the opportunities emerging in the “new normal.”
Multimodal Active Shooter Training for Emergency Department Personnel: An Initiative for Knowledge, Comfort, and Retention
Authors: Regan Elizabeth M. , Cranmer Thomas , Hanaway Timothy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
While hospital-related shootings are not common, recent years have demonstrated an increasing trend, especially involving the emergency department (ED). Despite this increase, there remains a lack of effective training for providers for active shooter events. Existing trainings commonly lack active participation, departmental-specific plans, or feasibility.

Methods:
Sixty-six emergency medicine physicians, nurses, and technicians participated in a two-phased multimodal active shooter training aimed to increase response knowledge and comfort. The initial training phase included a lecture on “Run-Hide-Fight” principles with departmental adaptations, followed by scenario-based discussion, and then safety walkthrough. Months later in the second phase, participants completed an active shooter simulation. An identical knowledge survey was collected before and after each phase along with descriptive analysis. Surveys were compared using paired t-test. Comfort levels were reported on a Likert scale and compared by paired t-test.

Results:
Paired t-tests confirmed a statistically significant difference in both active shooter knowledge and comfort levels. Participants showed retention of response knowledge and comfort with implementing response behaviors. Further descriptive analysis demonstrated effective fleeing and barricading, suggesting a real-life gain of knowledge and comfort.

Conclusion:
A two-phased, multimodal training design for active shooter response was successful in increasing ED provider active shooter knowledge, comfort, retention, and effective response behaviors.
Arcsine laws for random walks generated from random permutations with applications to genomics
Authors: Fang Xiao , Gan Han L. , Holmes Susan , Huang Haiyan , Peköz Erol , Röllin Adrian , Tang Wenpin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA classical result for the simple symmetric random walk with 2nsteps is that the number of steps above the origin, the time of the last visit to the origin, and the time of the maximum height all have exactly the same distribution and converge when scaled to the arcsine law. Motivated by applications in genomics, we study the distributions of these statistics for the non-Markovian random walk generated from the ascents and descents of a uniform random permutation and a Mallows(q) permutation and show that they have the same asymptotic distributions as for the simple random walk. We also give an unexpected conjecture, along with numerical evidence and a partial proof in special cases, for the result that the number of steps above the origin by step 2n for the uniform permutation generated walk has exactly the same discrete arcsine distribution as for the simple random walk, even though the other statistics for these walks have very different laws. We also give explicit error bounds to the limit theorems using Stein’s method for the arcsine distribution, as well as functional central limit theorems and a strong embedding of the Mallows(q) permutation which is of independent interest.
On point processes defined by angular conditions on Delaunay neighbors in the Poisson–Voronoi Tessellation
Authors: Baccelli François , Kalamkar Sanket S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConsider a homogeneous Poisson point process of the Euclidean plane and its Voronoi tessellation. The present note discusses the properties of two stationary point processes associated with the latter and depending on a parameter
$\theta$
. The first is the set of points that belong to some one-dimensional facet of the Voronoi tessellation and such that the angle with which they see the two nuclei defining the facet is
$\theta$
. The main question of interest on this first point process is its intensity. The second point process is that of the intersections of the said tessellation with a straight line having a random orientation. Its intensity is well known. The intersection points almost surely belong to one-dimensional facets. The main question here concerns the Palm distribution of the angle with which the points of this second point process see the two nuclei associated with the facet. We will give answers to these two questions and briefly discuss their practical motivations. We also discuss natural extensions to three dimensions.
INDESTRUCTIBILITY WHEN THE FIRST TWO MEASURABLE CARDINALS ARE STRONGLY COMPACT
Authors: APTER ARTHUR W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe prove two theorems concerning indestructibility properties of the first two strongly compact cardinals when these cardinals are in addition the first two measurable cardinals. Starting from two supercompact cardinals
$\kappa _1 < \kappa _2$
, we force and construct a model in which
$\kappa _1$
and
$\kappa _2$
are both the first two strongly compact and first two measurable cardinals,
$\kappa _1$
’s strong compactness is fully indestructible (i.e.,
$\kappa _1$
’s strong compactness is indestructible under arbitrary
$\kappa _1$
-directed closed forcing), and
$\kappa _2$
’s strong compactness is indestructible under
$\mathrm {Add}(\kappa _2, \delta )$
for any ordinal
$\delta $
. This provides an answer to a strengthened version of a question of Sargsyan found in [17, Question 5]. We also investigate indestructibility properties that may occur when the first two strongly compact cardinals are not only the first two measurable cardinals, but also exhibit nontrivial degrees of supercompactness.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) associated to sugarcane in Colombia
Authors: Aya Viviana Marcela , Pabón Alejandro , González Jorge M. , Vargas Germán 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe giant sugarcane borer,Telchin licus, has been reported as an economically important sugarcane pest in Colombia; however, its taxonomic status has been scarcely investigated and previous reports offer an ambiguous characterization of both the immature and adult stages. The objective of this work is to identifyTelchinspecies affecting sugarcane and alternative hosts in different departments of the country by integrating molecular analysis and conventional morphology. To date,T. licushas been found in the departments of Caquetá, Casanare, and Meta, whileT. atymniushas been found in Antioquia, Caldas, Nariño, and Valle del Cauca. Sugarcane, Musaceae, and Heliconiaceae have been found to be hosts to both species. Additionally, the speciesT. cacicahas also been registered in the department of Nariño, affecting heliconias and plantains. Genetic variation within the species allowed differentiation at the molecular level of subspecies ofT. licusandT. atymnius, confirming that the subspecies present in Colombia areT. licus magdalena,T. atymnius humboldti,andT. atymnius atymnius. The haplotype diversity of populations is closely related to their geographical distribution, indicating low gene flow between populations and possible speciation inside the country. Analysis of genetic variance showed significant differences among and withinT. atymniuspopulations, which may suggest a high genetic structure along the regions where it is found and the possible presence of additional subspecies to those previously reported. To understand the geographical and environmental conditions that determine the pest's distribution in Colombia, this information needs to be complemented with ecological considerations of possible geographical isolation and association of alternative hosts.