bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triploid watermelon response to flumioxazin
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Guan Wenjing , Egel Dan , Nowaskie Dennis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractField trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at the Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center in Vincennes, IN, to determine the tolerance of plasticulture-grown ‘Fascination’ triploid watermelon to flumioxazin. Treatments were applied after plastic was laid, but 1 d prior to transplanting, and consisted of row middle applications of clomazone (210 g ai ha−1) plus ethafluralin (672 g ai ha−1), flumioxazin (107 g ai ha−1), and flumioxazin (88 g ha−1) plus pyroxasulfone (112 g ai ha−1); a broadcast application of flumioxazin (107 g ha−1); and a nontreated check. The broadcast application of flumioxazin reduced watermelon vine length and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values compared with values for the nontreated check. All other herbicide treatments had vine length and NDVI values similar to those of the nontreated check. At 25/26 d after transplanting (DAP), weedy ground cover in row middles of the nontreated check was 39% and 14% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Weedy ground cover in herbicide-containing treatments was significantly less, at ≤7% and ≤5% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Marketable watermelon yield of the nontreated check was 77,931 kg and 11,115 fruits ha−1. The broadcast application of flumioxazin resulted in reduced marketable yield (64,894 kg ha−1) and fewer fruit (9,550 ha−1).
Dayside Cusp Aurorae and Ionospheric Convection Under Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Fields
Authors: Li Hsien‐Ming , Shue Jih‐Hong , Taguchi Satoshi , Nosé Masahito , Hosokawa Keisuke , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Zhang Yongliang , Wing Simon , Lester Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDayside cusp aurorae are created from particles precipitating into the cusp, and ionospheric convection is driven by solar wind electric fields. In this study, we coordinated the observations obtained from the all‐sky camera on Svalbard, the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network, SuperMAG magnetometer data, and far ultraviolet imagers on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites for the event January 4, 2014 to examine the morphology of aurorae and the patterns of ionospheric convection for radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). During the event, a poleward‐moving auroral form and antisunward ionospheric convection were observed when the IMF turned into almost purely radial. Moreover, both types of antisunward and sunward convection were simultaneously observed near the footprint of the cusp at different times during the radial IMF period. The antisunward convection and sunward convection are typically an indicator of the dayside reconnection for the southward IMF and the lobe reconnection for the northward IMF, respectively. All those observations support the concept of low‐latitude dayside and high‐latitude lobe reconnection for the radial IMF. This study further shows that the coexistence of the two types of reconnection for radial IMF, resulting in an interplay of repetitive antisunward and sunward convection.
Twelve years of GWAS discoveries for osteoporosis and related traits: advances, challenges and applications
Authors: Zhu Xiaowei , Bai Weiyang , Zheng Houfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is a common skeletal disease, affecting ~200 million people around the world. As a complex disease, osteoporosis is influenced by many factors, including diet (e.g. calcium and protein intake), physical activity, endocrine status, coexisting diseases and genetic factors. In this review, we first summarize the discovery from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in the bone field in the last 12 years. To date, GWASs and meta-analyses have discovered hundreds of loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures. However, the GWAS approach has sometimes been criticized because of the small effect size of the discovered variants and the mystery of missing heritability, these two questions could be partially explained by the newly raised conceptual models, such as omnigenic model and natural selection. Finally, we introduce the clinical use of GWAS findings in the bone field, such as the identification of causal clinical risk factors, the development of drug targets and disease prediction. Despite the fruitful GWAS discoveries in the bone field, most of these GWAS participants were of European descent, and more genetic studies should be carried out in other ethnic populations to benefit disease prediction in the corresponding population.
The sugar composition of the fibre in selected plant foods modulates weaning infants’ gut microbiome composition and fermentation metabolites in vitro
Authors: Parkar Shanthi G. , Frost Jovyn K. T. , Rosendale Doug , Stoklosinski Halina M. , Jobsis Carel M. H. , Hedderley Duncan I. , Gopal Pramod 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEight plant-based foods: oat flour and pureed apple, blackcurrant, carrot, gold- and green-fleshed kiwifruit, pumpkin, sweetcorn, were pre-digested and fermented with pooled inocula of weaning infants’ faecal bacteria in an in vitro hindgut model. Inulin and water were included as controls. The pre-digested foods were analysed for digestion-resistant fibre-derived sugar composition and standardised to the same total fibre concentration prior to fermentation. The food-microbiome interactions were then characterised by measuring microbial acid and gas metabolites, microbial glycosidase activity and determining microbiome structure. At the physiologically relevant time of 10 h of fermentation, the xyloglucan-rich apple and blackcurrant favoured a propiogenic metabolic and microbiome profile with no measurable gas production. Glucose-rich, xyloglucan-poor pumpkin caused the greatest increases in lactate and acetate (indicative of high fermentability) commensurate with increased bifidobacteria. Glucose-rich, xyloglucan-poor oats and sweetcorn, and arabinogalactan-rich carrot also increased lactate and acetate, and were more stimulatory of clostridial families, which are indicative of increased microbial diversity and gut and immune health. Inulin favoured a probiotic-driven consortium, while water supported a proteolytic microbiome. This study shows that the fibre-derived sugar composition of complementary foods may shape infant gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity, at least in vitro.
Proton range verification with MACACO II Compton camera enhanced by a neural network for event selection
Authors: Muñoz Enrique , Ros Ana , Borja-Lloret Marina , Barrio John , Dendooven Peter , Oliver Josep F. , Ozoemelam Ikechi , Roser Jorge , Llosá Gabriela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe applicability extent of hadron therapy for tumor treatment is currently limited by the lack of reliable online monitoring techniques. An active topic of investigation is the research of monitoring systems based on the detection of secondary radiation produced during treatment. MACACO, a multi-layer Compton camera based on LaBr3 scintillator crystals and SiPMs, is being developed at IFIC-Valencia for this purpose. This work reports the results obtained from measurements of a 150 MeV proton beam impinging on a PMMA target. A neural network trained on Monte Carlo simulations is used for event selection, increasing the signal to background ratio before image reconstruction. Images of the measured prompt gamma distributions are reconstructed by means of a spectral reconstruction code, through which the 4.439 MeV spectral line is resolved. Images of the emission distribution at this energy are reconstructed, allowing calculation of the distal fall-off and identification of target displacements of 3 mm.
Hepatic Vein Balloon Occlusion to Mitigate the Heat Sink Effect during Percutaneous Liver Ablation
Authors: Braaten Tyler , Tran Cao Hop S. , Huang Steven Y. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly affects patients with cirrhosis. Patients with early-stage disease may be treated with surgery, liver transplantation, and locoregional therapy (e.g., thermal ablation and chemoembolization). The treatment efficacy of thermal ablation can be limited by factors such as proximity to adjacent vessels, which may create a heat sink effect. The heat sink effect can be mitigated by intravascular balloon occlusion. Our case report demonstrates the utility of balloon occlusion during thermal ablation of HCC adjacent to the right hepatic vein complicated by hepatic vein thrombosis.
Guidewires as Embolic Agents? Embolotherapy of Large Splenic Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Haris Arafat Muhammed , Singh Jagdeesh Rampal , Raghuram Chitterusu , Pradeep Rebala , Reddy D. Nageshwar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSplenic artery aneurysms are among the more frequently diagnosed intra-abdominal aneurysms and are not infrequent in patients with raised portal venous pressure often requiring endovascular or surgical therapy. A 36-year-old female patient with Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis and portal hypertension was diagnosed with multiple large splenic artery aneurysms for which she was initially operated which resulted in substantial blood loss during dissection that required embolotherapy. Initial attempts at coil embolization proved unsuccessful due to the wide aneurysmal neck and flow characteristics. Following which the aneurysmal sac was packed with multiple guidewires to act as a scaffold for further coil embolization. Subsequently, hemostasis was achieved and the patient underwent splenectomy later thereby demonstrating that embolization of large aneurysms can be accomplished with reasonable efficacy using guidewires.
Angiographic Analysis of the Anatomical Variants in Genicular Artery Embolization
Authors: Bagla Sandeep , Piechowiak Rachel , Sajan Abin , Orlando Julie , Canario Diego A. Hipolito , Isaacson Ari 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose Genicular artery embolization (GAE) has been proposed as a novel technique to treat painful synovitis related to osteoarthritis. An in-depth understanding of the genicular arterial anatomy is crucial to achieve technical success and avoid nontarget-related complications. Given the lack of previous angiographic description, the present study analyzes genicular arterial anatomy and proposes an angiographic classification system.
Materials and Methods Angiographic findings from 41 GAEs performed during two US clinical trials from January 2017 to July 2019 were reviewed to analyze the anatomical details of the following vessels: descending genicular artery (DGA), medial superior genicular artery (MSGA), medial inferior genicular artery (MIGA), lateral superior genicular artery (LSGA), lateral inferior genicular artery (LIGA), and anterior tibial recurrent artery (ATRA). The diameter, angle of origin, and anastomotic pathways were recorded for each vessel. The branching patterns were classified as: medially, M1 (3/3 arteries present) vs M2 (2/3 arteries present); and laterally, L1 (3/3 arteries present) vs L2 (2/3 arteries present).
Results A total of 91 genicular arteries were embolized: DGA (26.4%), MIGA (23.1%), MSGA (22.0%), LIGA (14.3%), and LSGA/ATRA (14.3%). The branching patterns were: medially = M1, 74.4% (n = 29), M2, 25.6% (n = 10); and laterally = L1, 94.9% (n = 37), L2, 5.1% (n = 2). A common origin for MSGA and LSGA was noted in 11 patients (28.2%). A direct DGA origin from the popliteal artery was reported in three patients (7.7%, n = 3).
Conclusions A thorough understanding of the geniculate arterial anatomy is important for maximizing postprocedural pain reduction while minimizing complications, procedure time, and radiation exposure during GAE.
Prevalence of radiographic hip dysplasia in Japanese population-based study
Authors: Cheng Veronica K , Hasegawa Masahiro , Hattori Tetsuya , Ito Naoya , Linn Erikka , Cheng Kevin , Hughes-Austin Jan , Masuda Koichi , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to measure the indices of radiographic developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in a cross-sectional study of an elderly Japanese population.MethodsHip radiographs of 427 informed, voluntary Japanese community-dwelling individuals (279 female and 148 male) aged 50–96 years-old were obtained from Miyagawa village in Japan through a health screening. The hip radiographs were measured by a custom-written, semi-automated MATLAB program. The center edge (CE) angle, acetabular roof obliquity (ARO), acetabular head index (AHI), and minimum joint space width (mJSW) were measured. We examined the associations between gender, side-of-hip, and age group on radiographic DDH and hip osteoarthritis (OA).ResultsThe mean CE angle was 31.0°. The mean ARO was 5.8°. The mean AHI was 88.2%. The mean mJSW was 4.0 mm. Of the total population, 29.9% had DDH and 4.0% had hip OA. Of those who had hip OA, 41.2% were secondary OA, and 58.8% were primary OA. The relationship between DDH and OA was not significant.ConclusionDDH is unlikely to be an important cause of hip OA in the present population-based study.
Integrability of auto-Bäcklund transformations and solutions of a torqued ABS equation
Authors: Wei Xueli , van der Kamp Peter H , Zhang Da-jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An auto-Bäcklund transformation for the quad equation Q11 is considered as a discrete equation, called H2
a
, which is a so called torqued version of H2. The equations H2
a
and Q11 compose a consistent cube, from which an auto-Bäcklund transformation and a Lax pair for H2
a
are obtained. More generally it is shown that auto-Bäcklund transformations admit auto-Bäcklund transformations. Using the auto-Bäcklund transformation for H2
a
we derive a seed solution and a one-soliton solution. From this solution it is seen that H2
a
is a semi-autonomous lattice equation, as the spacing parameter q depends on m but it disappears from the plane wave factor.
Nutritional quality of crops in a high CO2 world: an agenda for research and technology development
Authors: Ebi Kristie L , Anderson C Leigh , Hess Jeremy J , Kim Soo-Hyung , Loladze Irakli , Neumann Rebecca B , Singh Deepti , Ziska Lewis , Wood Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, are required for human health and development. Inadequate intake can negatively affect development and result in a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Rice, maize, and wheat provide over 60% of the world’s food energy intake. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), water, nitrogen, and soil micronutrients are the basis of this plant material. Since 1850–1900, CO2 concentrations have increased about 50%, with most of that increase since 1950. Higher CO2 concentrations increase photosynthesis, which then increases plant biomass, but also alters the nutritional quality of wheat, rice, and other C3 plants. We review the possible impacts of rising CO2 concentrations on human health, highlight uncertainties, and propose a research agenda to maintain the nutritional quality of C3 plants. We also synthesize options for addressing this critical challenge to nutritional safety and security. A complete research agenda requires addressing data and knowledge gaps surrounding plant biology and policy responses. Data on key nutrients are lacking, leading to a limited mechanistic understanding of the response of the plant ionome to elevated CO2 concentrations. Regular data are largely missing on nutritional status and food safety in low- and middle-income countries, limiting assessments of the magnitude of the risks. Research opportunities to fill gaps in data and understanding include herbaria studies, field-based natural and manipulative studies, leveraging natural plant variability, and innovations in seed quality. Improved models of cereal crop nutritional quality can project the magnitude and direction of possible future challenges; incorporating the effects of climate change into those models can further improve their robustness. Transdisciplinary research involving at least ecologists, plant physiologists, economists, and experts in human nutrition is essential for developing a systems-based understanding of the potential impacts of rising CO2 concentrations for human nutrition and the attendant consequences for achieving the sustainable development goal on food security.
On energy ground states among crystal lattice structures with prescribed bonds
Authors: Bétermin Laurent 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider pairwise interaction energies and we investigate their minimizers among lattices with prescribed minimal vectors (length and coordination number), i.e. the one corresponding to the crystal’s bonds. In particular, we show the universal minimality—i.e. the optimality for all completely monotone interaction potentials—of strongly eutactic lattices among these structures. This gives new optimality results for the square, triangular, simple cubic (sc), face-centred-cubic (fcc) and body-centred-cubic (bcc) lattices in dimensions 2 and 3 when points are interacting through completely monotone potentials. We also show the universal maximality of the triangular and fcc lattices among all lattices with prescribed bonds. Furthermore, we apply our results to Lennard-Jones type potentials, showing the minimality of any universal minimizer (resp. maximizer) for small (resp. large) bond lengths, where the ranges of optimality are easily computable. Finally, a numerical investigation is presented where a phase transition of type ‘square–rhombic–triangular’ (resp. ‘sc-rhombic-bcc-rhombic-fcc’) in dimension d = 2 (resp. d = 3) among lattices with more than 4 (resp. 6) bonds is observed.
The Influence of Surface Ground Material on the Outdoor Thermal Value
Authors: Adityo A. , Wibowo A. P. , Khidmat R. P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The provision of open space in the building for educational purposes such as university is mandatory to ensure the balance between the buildings and the environment. Besides, the availability of open space in construction projects, particularly architecture, is also listed as one of the requirements that must be included when applying for a building permit. What is more, besides its functional factor, open space planning is expected to enhance campus aesthetics. The strategy in choosing the proper material for covering open areas in the tropical climate country is still challenging. It holds a significant contribution to reducing the effect of urban heat island phenomena. This article discusses the impact of changing surface ground materials on the site radiation of an open space called “lapangan lilin,” located in Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research incorporated computer simulation methods, ENVI-met, to compare several types of materials and their effects on the environment. The result shows that of the four types of materials that being compared (paving, soil, asphalt, and grass), the soil material gives the best outdoor thermal value impact compared to other materials.
Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Application of RayMan Tools
Authors: Nabilah Aisyah , Hakim Lukman Noor , Fawzy Maulana Calvin , Ramadhan Try 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The UN has issued a policy regarding the achievement of sustainable development goals, among which are to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. One of the contributors to the quality of education is the convenience of buildings as educational facilities. This paper describes thermal comfort analysis in the case study of the LABTEK VII Building on the Bandung Institute of Technology campus divided into 2 cases: the open space in the building’s hallway and the study room in the building. Thermal comfort analysis uses standard thermal comfort analysis tools as a measurement effort. This research was conducted by analysing the indicators of thermal comfort in educational buildings with multiple capacities in temperature, humidity (humidity), and wind speed obtained from Meteoblue and indicators of metabolic rate and clothing of building users. The analysis of these indicators is processed using CBe thermal Comfort and Rayman to produce thermal comfort in the building. This paper presents the highest PET values obtained at 2 pm with PET temperatures reaching 40 ° C, considered a Hot sensation. And in the CBE measurement results, it can be seen that the process of changing indoor temperature from morning to evening is getting higher. From measurements with these two tools, concludes that the thermal comfort at Labtek VII ITB is thermally comfortable.
Sefaira Simulation in Residential Houses to Determine the Energy Use of Wall Materials
Authors: Hanissaa Aprilia Nurul , Paramita Beta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wall material popularly used in Indonesia is a masonry wall, where the process takes longer than prefabrication wall materials or houses built-in components such as panels or modules. In this study, four types of prefabrication wall materials will be analyzed based on the annual energy use of each material. The wall materials chosen are Hebel, Alderon, Glassfibre Reinforced Cement Board (GRC), and metal deck. The calculation of energy consumption uses a simulation of a 27 m2 one-floor residential building located in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, the simulation is analyzed with Sefaira software based on ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013. From the results of this Sefaira analysis, it is obtained that the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) value for Hebel wall material is 58 kWh/m2/yr, Alderon wall 90 kWh/m2/yr, Glassfiber Reinforced Cement Board (GRC) 83 kWh/m2/yr, and metal deck 89 kWh/m2/yr. Among the four recommended prefabricated wall materials, Hebel materials are considered to have the least energy use. Meanwhile, the EUI target of the 2030 Challenge for residential houses is 38 kWh/m2/yr, so it must reduce as much as 45 kWh/m2/yr for Hebel material.
Optimization of lighting design in classroom for visual comfort (Case Study : Universitas Tridinanti Palembang Tower)
Authors: Setiati T W , Budiarto A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Currently, the learning process in the classroom uses an LCD projector to display material on the white board. This LCD projector produces its own light, so the light source in the room will be added (beside daylight and artificial light). This condition makes a visual discomfort and not efficient energy uses. Based on previous study, the classroom users in UTP tower got visual comfort when the lamps were on 100% if projector used. But, in other condition when the projector is off, users will comfort if daylight and electric lighting combined. Based on these problems, this study is aimed to test the effective combination of daylight and artificial lighting so that the iso-contour of illumination spread evenly and visual comfort achieved. The method of experiment is used to find out the effect of various placements of artificial light that are on to the iso-contour of illumination. The experiments conducted with the help of simulation to experiment with design parameter is the placements of artificial light that turn on. The evaluation of visual comfort is based on the iso-contour of illumination and reflectance value on the indoor surface. The result of this research will show that the placements of light on will affect the illumination contour.