bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of meat‐containing convenience foods may increase risk of obesity among adolescents (1024.18)
Authors: Bitok Edward , Alabdrabalnabi Ahmed , Siapco Gina , Sabaté Joan 
Published: June 2021

Consumption of meat‐containing convenience foods may increase risk of obesity among adolescents Edward Bitok, Ahmed Al Abdrabalnabi, Gina Siapco, Joan Sabaté Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 Most convenience foods are characterized as energy dense, highly processed, and of poor nutrient quality. The aim of our study was to determine if the consumption of “meal‐type” convenience foods (CF) is associated with the risk of overweight/obesity among adolescents. In a cross‐sectional study, 309 females and 237 males ages 12‐18 years from 10 schools in southern California and Michigan reported their usual food intake during the past month using a web‐based food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were obtained during school visits. BMI z‐scores (BMIZ), waist circumference (WC), and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) were used as overweight/obesity indicators. Intake of meal‐type CF was classified either as meat‐containing or meatless. Data was analyzed using frequency distributions, ANOVA, and multivariate tests. 418 participants had normal BMIZ and 128 were overweight/obese. Ethnicity was a significant predictor of BMIZ, WC, and WHtR. Controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, total energy intake, and exercise, increased consumption of meat‐containing CF was significantly associated with increased BMIZ (p=.005) and WC (p=.016). Intake of total CF and meatless CF were not significantly associated with BMIZ, WC, and WHtR. The consumption of meal‐ type CF among adolescents, those containing meat but not the meatless varieties may increase risk of obesity.Grant Funding Source: White Wave Foods
Comprehension and use of Nutrition Facts panels among young people in Canada (1025.15)
Authors: Hobin Erin , Hammond David , McVey Gail , O'Brien Mary , Sheeshka Judy 
Published: June 2021

Adolescent and young adults are important populations to target for nutrition interventions given their relatively poor diets. Adolescence and young adulthood is also a period of transition, characterized by increasing independence, a growing role in food shopping, and the development of long‐term eating patterns that can track throughout adulthood. Nutrition Facts Labels are the most prominent source of nutrition information for adults in Canada; yet, very little is known about if and how young people understand and use these tools. This research sought to examine if and how young people in Canada engage with and construct meaning from information in Nutrition Facts Labels when choosing and comparing pre‐packaged foods, and test modifications to Nutrition Facts Labels. Study 1 consisted of an online survey with a sample of 2,000 young people ages 16‐24 from across Canada, including a between‐participants experiment to empirically test the efficacy of the current and modified Nutrition Facts Labels on comprehension and use of serving size and percentage daily value information when choosing and comparing foods. Study 2 used qualitative methods with a sample of 26 participants ages 16‐24 to explore the process by which young people engage with, understand, and use serving size and percentage daily value information on the current and modified Nutrition Facts Labels. These data were collected concurrently. The results from the two sub‐studies were triangulated during interpretation to facilitate a more complete understanding of young peoples’ ability to comprehend and use nutrition information on the Nutrition Facts Labels and the potential need for changes to Nutrition Facts Labels. Results will inform regulatory changes to the Nutrition Facts Label in Canada and other jurisdictions, as well as provide evidence to support interventions for improving young people’s understanding and use of Nutrition Facts Labels when choosing and comparing food products.Grant Funding Source: Canadian Foundation for Dietetic Research
Tree nuts improve criteria of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled dietary trials (1025.6)
Authors: Kendall Cyril , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Viguiliouk Effie , Augustin Livia , Ha Vanessa , Cozma Adrian , Mirahimi Arash , Maroleanu Adriana , Chiavaroli Laura , Leiter Lawrence , de Souza Russell , Jenkins David , Sievenpiper John 
Published: June 2021

Background: Chronic disease guidelines support tree nut consumption alone or as part of dietary patterns to reduce cardiovascular risk, based on their favorable LDL‐C lowering effect. The effects of nuts on metabolic risk factors other than LDL‐C, however, remain uncertain.Aim: To assess the effect of tree nuts on criteria of the metabolic syndrome, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled dietary trials.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library (through March 19, 2013). We included relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of 蠅 3 weeks reporting at least 1 criterion of metabolic syndrome. Two independent reviewers extracted all relevant data. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method using random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by Chi² and quantified by I². Study quality was assessed.Results: Eligibility criteria were met by 39 RCTs including 1,676 participants who were otherwise healthy or had dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. Tree nut interventions lowered triglycerides compared with control diet interventions (MD=‐0.07 mmol/L [95%CI, ‐0.11, ‐0.04 mmol/L]), but had no effects on waist circumference, HDL‐C, blood pressure, or fasting blood glucose with the direction of effect favoring tree nuts for all except HDL‐C.Limitations: Most of the trials were of short duration (<12 weeks) and of poor quality (MQS<8). Substantial unexplained heterogeneity remained in most analyses.Conclusions: Pooled analyses show a net benefit of tree nuts for metabolic syndrome with decreases in triglycerides across nut types and no adverse effects on other criteria. Longer and higher quality trials are needed.Protocol registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01630980Grant Funding Source: Supported by the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research & Education Foundation
Black currant extract attenuates ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in mice (1027.7)
Authors: Zheng Xi , Mun Sewhan , Lee Sang Gil , Vance Terrence , Hubert Patrice , Koo Sung I. , Lee Sun Kyeong , Chun Ock 
Published: June 2021

Bone remodeling is orchestrated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts in response to changes in redox status, inflammatory cytokines, and hormones. Several animal and cell studies indicate that black currant (BC) exerts antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties, which could potentially improve bone mass. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of BC on bone mass and structure in a mouse model of ovarian hormone deficiency. 14‐wk old C57BL/6J mice were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated. The OVX mice were divided into two groups; OVX fed a basal diet (control) and OVX fed the same diet but with 1% BC extract (provided by the Just The Berries LTD), and sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 wk. Femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone volume (TBV) by DXA and micro‐CT and serum bone markers were determined. OVX significantly reduced BMD and TBV (p<0.05) at all time points. At 8 and 12 wk, BC supplementation attenuated OVX‐induced BMD and TBV. OVX and BC treatment did not alter serum biomarkers of bone formation and resorption. Additionally, we tested if BC supplementation affects osteoclast like cell (OCL) formation in bone marrow (BM) cell cultures. BM cells from OVX significantly induced OCL formation compared to cells from sham controls (P<0.05). BC treatment decreased the number of TRAP(+) OCL compared with OVX at 8 and 12 wk (P<0.05). Furthermore, BC supplementation reduced bone resorption activity when measured by resorption pit assay, compared with OVX group (P<0.05). These results show that BC is effective in mitigating osteoclast‐induced bone loss accelerated by ovariectomy.Grant Funding Source: this study was supported by the University of Connecticut USDA Hatch Grant.
Synergistic effects of leucine with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition on insulin sensitivity (1035.4)
Authors: Fu Lizhi , Li Fenfen , Bruckbauer Antje , Cao Qiang , Cui Xin , Wu Rui , Shi Hand , Zemel Michael , Xue Bingzhong 
Published: June 2021

Leucine activates Sirt1 signaling and markedly potentiates the effects of other activators on sirtuin signaling and downstream effects, including insulin signaling. PDE5 inhibition increases NO‐cGMP signaling, converging with sirtuins on PGC‐1 and mitochondrial biogenesis and thereby modulating insulin sensitivity. We confirmed this synergy in vitro, demonstrating synergy between leucine (0.5 mM) and two PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and the natural flavonol icariin (0.1‐10 nM) on aerobic metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and insulin sensitivity in myotubes and adipocytes. Effects on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control were then assessed in diet‐induced obese mice. High fat diet (HFD) for six weeks induced pronounced fasting and post‐prandial hyperglycemia and insulin resistance which was not significantly affected by addition of leucine (24 g/kg) or icariin to the diet. However, adding icariin at a level that produces no independent effect (25 mg/kg diet) to the high leucine HFD for 6 weeks reduced fasting glucose (38%, p<0.002), insulin (37%, p<0.05) and area under the glucose tolerance curve (20%, p<0.01). In addition, glucose response to an insulin challenge was impaired by HFD and fully restored by addition of leucine+icariin. These robust improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity indicate therapeutic potential for this combination.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NuSirt Sciences, Inc.
Effects of high fat diet‐induced obesity on expression of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism in mice (1041.11)
Authors: Park Jeong Min , Park Chan Yoon , Han Sung Nim 
Published: June 2021

Low vitamin D status has been often reported in obese human, however, the mechanism still remains unclear. Expression of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism was investigated in high fat diet‐induced obese mice to understand the effect of obesity on vitamin D status and metabolism. Four‐wk‐old C57BL mice were fed control diet containing 10% energy fat from soybean oil (Control) or high‐fat diet with 45% energy fat from 10% soybean oil and 35% lard (HFD) for 18 wks. mRNA levels of 25‐hydroxylases (CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP2J3) in liver and adipose tissue, and 24‐hydroxylase (CYP24A1) and 1α‐hydroxylase (CYP27B1) in kidney were determined by real‐time PCR. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. HFD group gained more weight and had more adipose tissue than Control group. HFD group had significantly lower hepatic CYP2R1, CYP27A1 and CYP2J3 mRNA levels (31%, 30% and 48% lower, respectively). But in adipose tissue, CYP27A1 and CYP2J3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in HFD group (68% and 126% higher, respectively). Renal CYP24A1 mRNA level was downregulated (P=0.02), and CYP27B1 mRNA level tended to be upregulated (P=0.07) in HFD group. There was no difference in serum 25(OH)D level between two groups. In conclusion, expression of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism can be altered by HFD‐induced obesity. Expression of hepatic vitamin D activating enzyme and renal vitamin D degrading enzyme were downregulated.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the grant from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (NRF‐2010‐0024878)
Dynamic vitamin A metabolism contributes to the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in response to different physiological conditions (1041.13)
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Guoxun 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin A (VA) and its metabolites are essential for human health. Retinoic acid (RA) modulates insulin‐regulated expression of hepatic genes for glucose and lipid metabolism in primary rat hepatocytes. We also found that elevated RALDH1 expression in the liver of Zucker fatty rats may cause the excessive RA production resulting in increased lipogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that cellular VA pool, either from dietary sources or hepatic storage, affects the responses of nutrients and hormones levels to different physiological and disease conditions through regulating the expression of genes involved in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.Male Zucker lean rats were fed with a VA deficient (VAD) or a VA sufficient (VAS) diet for 8 weeks. Then they were subjected to the fasting‐refeeding cycle or induced type 1 diabetes by streptozotocin treatment. Respiratory exchange ratio was measured by indirect calorimetry. Plasma parameters were measured using commercial kits. Protein and mRNA levels were respectively examined by Western blot and real‐time PCR. VA status affected energy expenditure of the rats. Responses of plasma insulin and leptin levels to different physiological and disease conditions were altered in VAD rats compared to that in VAS ones. The expression levels of ACC, FAS, ACL, SREBP‐1c, PEPCK, and GCK, were regulated by VA status at both mRNA and protein levels. We conclude that dietary VA and its hepatic metabolism contribute to the regulation of plasma hormone levels and hepatic gene expression in rats.Grant Funding Source: Supported by American Heart Association
Antibiotics that prevent endotoxemia do not reduce the ability to ferment high amylose maize resistant start (HAMRS2) in rats (1044.11)
Authors: Carvajal‐Aldaz Diana , Coulon Diana , Chaves Tyler , Raggio Anne , Martin Roy , Stoutt Rhett , Gauthier Ted , Durham Holiday , Pelkman Christine , Keenan Michael 
Published: June 2021

The gut microbiota affects health. Research with antibiotics (ampicillin 1 g/L, and neomycin 0.5 g/L in drinking water) reduced bacterial DNA and endotoxemia in mice fed high fat diet or ob/ob mice fed chow. The antibiotics reduced Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides spp. Several of these ferment HAMRS2. We tested if these antibiotics prevented fermentation of HAMRS2 in rats. Phase 1 consisted of feeding two groups of rats with either HAMRS2 diet without antibiotics (n=10) or a diet with no fermentable carbohydrates with antibiotics (n=19). After 3.5 weeks, 5 rats from each group were euthanized for cecal content pH and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis. An additional 5 rats on the HAMRS2 diet were euthanized where their cecal contents were pooled. The cecal pH was significantly lower (p<0.05) for the group fed HAMRS2 while the other group produced very low SCFA. The remaining rats (14), fed with antibiotics and no HAMRS2 were split into two groups, one of which was gavaged with the previously pooled cecal contents (n=7) while the others were gavaged with water (n=7). Thereafter both groups were fed HAMRS2 diet for 3.5 weeks. After the second phase, cecal content analysis indicated both groups fermented HAMRS2 while pH and production of SCFA were not different. Our results suggest antibiotics used to control metabolic endotoxemia do not alter HAMRS2 induced fermentation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Ingredion, Inc. and LSU AgCenter
A quercetin nanoemulsion enhances oral bioavailability and hepatic accumulation of quercetin (1044.19)
Authors: Guo Yi , Tran Thanh Huyen , Lu Xiuling , Bruno Richard 
Published: June 2021

Quercetin (Q) has antioxidant activity but poor bioavailability. We examined whether a quercetin nanoemulsion (NQ) improved Q bioavailability and its hepatic accumulation. Rats received NQ or unformulated Q (UQ; 30 mg/kg BW) by gavage prior to collecting plasma at timed intervals for 24 h to measure Q and its methylated metabolites isorhamnetin (ISO) and tamarixetin (TAM). Rats receiving NQ or UQ were also sacrificed at 4 or 24 h to measure liver Q, ISO, and TAM. Compared to UQ, NQ increased (P<0.05) maximum plasma Q (21.5 ± 5.1 vs 7.7 ± 2.0 µM) and Q bioavailability (AUC0‐24 h: 130.4 ± 30.9 vs 57.2 ± 19.6 µM x h). NQ decreased Q time to maximum concentration (0.9 ± 0.3 vs 3.8 ± 1.0 h, P<0.05) while increasing Q half‐life (7.2 ± 1.1 vs 4.5 ± 0.5 h, P<0.05). Plasma pharmacokinetics of ISO and TAM were unaffected by NQ. NQ increased liver Q (233 ± 28 vs 159 ± 28 pmol/g) and liver ISO (120 ± 14 vs 78 ± 15 pmol/g) to a greater extent at 4 h than UQ whereas hepatic Q and ISO were similarly lowered at 24 h without any group differences. Liver TAM at 4 h did not differ between groups nor was it detected at 24 h in either group. Plasma alanine transaminase and creatinine were unaffected by both treatments. Collectively, NQ improves Q oral bioavailability without inducing acute liver or renal injury. Further study is needed to examine whether greater hepatic accumulation of Q or ISO potentiates their antioxidant activity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Diet and Health Initiative at University of Connecticut
Granzyme B contributes to extracellular matrix degradation in UV‐treated skin (1046.1)
Authors: Parkinson Leigh , Toro Ana , Granville David 
Published: June 2021

Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory diseases that can lead to a loss of function, aging and disease progression. Granzyme B (GzmB), a serine protease that is expressed by a variety of cells, has been shown to accumulate in the extracellular space during chronic inflammation and cleave a number of ECM proteins. Using a model of UV‐induced chronic inflammation in the skin, we hypothesized that GzmB contributes to ECM degradation through both direct cleavage of ECM proteins and indirectly through the induction of other proteinases, which leads to a phenotype of aged skin. Wild‐type and GzmB‐knockout (KO) mice were repeatedly exposed to minimal erythemal doses of solar simulated UV‐irradiation for up to 20 weeks. GzmB expression was significantly increased in wild‐type treated skin compared to controls. GzmB deficiency significantly protected against the formation of wrinkles and the loss of dermal collagen density, which was related to the cleavage of decorin, an abundant proteoglycan involved in collagen fibrillogenesis and integrity. GzmB also cleaved fibronectin, and fibronectin fragments have been shown to increase the expression of collagen‐degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fibroblasts. Collectively, these findings indicate a significant role of GzmB in ECM degradation, which may have implications in many chronic inflammatory diseases.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CIHR
The inhibitory effect of sinigrin on the production of inflammatory mediators induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophages (1056.5)
Authors: Lee Heeweon , Lee Chunggi , Kim Jiyun , Pyo Suhkneung 
Published: June 2021

Sinigrin (2‐propenylglucosinolate) is a biochemical nutrient found naturally in some plants of the Brassicaceae family such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts. Recent studies showed that sinigrin affect the preventing of cancer in preclinical or clinical trials for cancer chemoprevention. However, anti‐inflammatory effect of sinigrin was unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of sinigrin on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. We investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of sinigrin on Nitrite Oxide (NO) and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production by colorimetric assay and ELISA assay, respectively. We also examined the expression of MAPK, NLRP‐3 and p65 by Western blot. The results showed that NO production was not reduced by sinigirn.Whereas, sinigrin inhibited the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐ α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Sinigrin blocked phosphorylation of JNK and p38, but not that of ERK. In addition, sinigrin treatment significantly suppressed the expression of p65 and NLRP‐3 compared with the control. These finding suggest that sinigrin has an anti‐inflammatory effects, which may result from inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation, and the expression of NLRP‐3 and p65, thereby decreasing the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators.
Novel nAChRs modulators for treating CNS disorders: discovery of AChBP cooperative ligands (1059.7)
Authors: Kaczanowska Katarzyna , Harel Michal , Finn M.G. , Taylor Palmer 
Published: June 2021

nAChRs are pentameric molecules formed from identical or homologous subunits to form homomeric and heteromeric assemblies. They play a critical role in the peripheral and central nervous systems to mediate neurotransmission by acetylcholine and, as such, are critical targets for understanding nicotine addiction and developing useful drugs for treating CNS disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease and disorders of dementias. The acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) is a pentameric structural homologue of the extracellular ligand‐binding domain of nAChRs. Up until recently, this approach has yielded compounds that bind as would be predicted by a equivalent set of five sites in the pentameric molecule, a situation also seen with classical natural product agonists and antagonists binding to the AChBP. Very recently through our synthetic program, we have uncovered a set of new structures that exhibit cooperativity, where many show Hill slopes greater than 1.0 or considerably less than 1.0. The latter is not due to heterogeneity of the binding protein template, since AChBP has five identical sites as examined crystallographically and by conventional ligand binding. Through the structural analysis, we can delineate the structural features of the ligands inducing this new mode of association with the extracellular domain of the receptor. Our approach of finding a series of ~50 congeneric ligands where individual members can be distinguished by positive and negative cooperativity should shed new light on subunit interactions in this homopentamer. For example, cooperative interactions appear to link in a circumferential fashion around the perimeter of the extracellular domain and do not necessarily require a direct connection with the channel gate area to elicit subunit interactions. This unique feature of our series of ligands gives a high promise to develop medications with distinct pharmacological profiles.Grant Funding Source: TRDRP (21FT_0024); NIH (GM 18360)