bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factual Demonstration of Blockchain Routing in Delay Tolerant Network
Authors: Dalal Renu , Khari Manju 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Frequent disconnection, high end-to-end latency, dynamic topology, sparse node density, lack of pre-existing infrastructure, and opportunistic message transmission on wireless link, makes routing difficult in Opportunistic network (Oppnet). In present scenario, Oppnet allows the people to interact with contrasting ways like with diverse mobility, groups, and etc. During transmission of messages in such network security and trust performs major role. Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) are much prone of having inherent risk of attack. Malicious node, selfish node, and attacks are major impact on deteriorating network performance. To prevent the network from such deteriorating factors, this paper introduces the new platform to provide reliable and authentic transmission of message in opportunistic network. Blockchain-based Routing in Opportunistic Network (BRON) uses the concept of Blockchain through which each node work as an authentic node and transmit the secure messages in Oppnet. Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) tool is used to implement BRON. This protocol generates 36% reduced packet drops ratio, 57% enhanced delivery ratio, 55% lesser overhead ratio, 35.2% reduced average latency, and 65% lesser average buffer time as compared to direct delivery ratio with respect to number of nodes.
Building Resilience Through Cross Industry Team Collaboration
Authors: Mandal Susanta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the key issues that go into the making of a heavy truck wherein steel made parts are used in the making of a chassis , so here the challenge for both for the bodyframe designer of the automobile industry and the sheet metal designer of the steel industry to come up with solutions that not only addresses problems relating to the lowering of the weight but also making it strong enough to bear enough loads taking into account changes in materials used , kinematics – differences in body angles that affects the velocity of the actions directed , how parts connected not only in the truck but also in the processes followed including changes in design and thereafter the prototypes to be tried out in the face of oncoming changes . A pentagonal framework that includes open cost modelling as well a business model that talks of creating a value streams in consonance with the changes for the uncertain future has been included.
A novel Long-noncoding RNA LncZFAS1 prevents MPP+-induced neuroinflammation through MIB1 activation
Authors: Zhu Ziman , Huang Peiling , Sun Ruifeng , Li Xiaoling , Li Wenshan , Gong Weijun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease remains one of the leading neurodegenerative diseases in developed countries. Despite well-defined symptomology and pathology, the complexity of Parkinson’s disease prevents a full understanding of its’ etiological mechanism. Mechanistically, α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation appears central for disease progression, but mitochondrial dysfunction, dysfunctional protein clearance and ubiquitin/proteasome systems, and neuroinflammation have also been associated with Parkinson’s disease. Particularly neuroinflammation, which was initially thought to be a side effect of Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, has now been recognized as driver of Parkinson’s disease exacerbation. Next-generation sequencing identified a plethora of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) with important transcriptional regulatory functions. Moreover, a myriad of lncRNA are known regulators of inflammatory signaling and neurodegenerative diseases including IL-1β secretion and Parkinson’s disease. Here lncZFAS1 was identified as a regulator of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in human neuroblast SH-SY5Y cells following MPP+ treatment, a common in vitro Parkinson’s disease cell model. Mechanistically, TXNIP ubiquitination through MIB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neuroblast cells. In contrast MPP+ activates the NLPR3 inflammasome through miR590-3p up-regulation, and direct interference with MIB1-dependent TXNIP ubiquitination. LncZFAS overexpression inhibits this entire pathway through direct interference with miR590-3p exposing a novel therapeutic target to prevent excessive inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in neuroblast cells during Parkinson's disease.
The SARS-CoV-2 arginine dimers
Authors: Romeu Antonio R. , Ollé Enric 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Arginine is present, even as a dimer, in the viral polybasic furin cleavage sites, including that of SARS-CoV-2 in its protein S, whose acquisition is one of its characteristics that distinguishes it from the rest of the sarbecoviruses. The CGGCGG sequence encodes the SARS-CoV-2 furin site RR dimer. The aim of this work is to report the other SARS-CoV-2 arginine pairs, with particular emphasis in their codon usage. Here we show the presence of RR dimers in the orf1ab related non structural proteins nsp3, nsp4, nsp6, nsp13 and nsp14A2. Also, with a higher proportion in the structural protein nucleocapsid. All these RR dimers were strictly conserved in the sarbecovirus strains closest to SARS-CoV-2, and none of them was encoded by the CGGCGG sequence.
Application of Ultrasonography to Neuro-COVID-19
Authors: Ruggiero Marco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric symptoms are frequently observed in COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the term "Neuro-COVID-19" has been coined to indicate the plethora of short- and long-term neurologic and psychiatric manifestations. In a significant percentage of cases, neuro-psychiatric symptoms persist after recovery and long-term sequelae have been reported. SARS-CoV-2 can infect the brain through different routes and the damage can be direct, that is due to the virus itself, or indirect, that is associated with abnormal immune responses, inflammation, and hypoxia. Studies of brain specimens obtained from autopsy demonstrated the presence of the virus in a minority of cases and this leads to hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 may hide in sanctuary sites in the central nervous system in analogy with what observed for HIV. The existence of sanctuary sites for SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to decrease the efficacy of antiviral therapies or vaccination and may even prevent complete eradication of SARS-CoV-2 from the infected organism. In 2017, a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure was proposed with the goal of identifying and treating pathogens hiding in sanctuaries that elude diagnosis and therapy. This procedure is based on clinical evaluation, diagnostic ultrasonography, therapeutic ultrasounds, and laboratory analyses. Here, it is demonstrated that application of ultrasonography to Neuro-COVID-19 requires a specific adaptation that takes into account brain movements synchronous with breathing as well as the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to ultrasounds.
Study on thyroid function test in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Nayak Ajit Kumar , Swain Manorama , Misra Sujata , Jain Manju Kumari 
Published: August 2021

Thyroid disorder is a very common endocrine problem encountered by pregnant women. Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse outcome both in mother and fetus.
The aim of the study: to find out the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic.
Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, F.M. Medical College & Hospital, Balasore, Odisha from June 2020 to May 2021. 220 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were included. Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) were estimated by using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay technique.
Results. Out of 220 pregnant women screened for thyroid dysfunction, 68 were found to have thyroid disorders. 27.3 % of pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.4 % had overt hypothyroidism, 1.8 % had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.5 % had overt hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.36 % when the upper reference limit of TSH level taken as 4 mIU/L. Prevalence of thyroid disorder among pregnant women in the age groups 18–25 years, 26–30 years and 31–40 years were 28.9 %, 32.1 % and 38.9 % respectively. There were 35.5 %, 28 % and 26 % pregnant women with thyroid disorders in the first, second and third trimester respectively. Prevalence of both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were more in multigravida compared to primigravida.
Conclusion. Our study revealed high prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women and maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common pattern.
Use of probiotics for formation of microflora of gastrointestinal tract of calves
Authors: Shkromada Oksana , Dudchenko Yuliia , Udovenko Yana 
Published: August 2021

The results of the use of probiotic strains of microorganisms of the Bacillus family for the correction and formation of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and the impact on metabolism in calves are presented.
The aim of the study. To analyze the effect of probiotics on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in calves and biochemical parameters of blood in calves up to one month.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2020 in the conditions of Ukrainian farms for cattle breeding. Five experimental groups of five one-week-old calves were formed in each and one control group. Calves were kept separately in the same conditions on the same diet, but with feeding together with colostrum substitute probiotics of five grams per animal: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus. The strains are deposited and produced by “Kronos Agro” Ukraine.
Results. It was found that as a result of studies when feeding calves B. coagulans, B. pumilus and B. mucilaginosus the number of Lactobacillus sp. was 80 % higher than in the control group. The level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal values. Animals in the group where B. mucilaginosus was given had a higher amount of Candida - up to 300 CFU/g and Enterobacteriaceae – 200 CFU/g; which is 50 % less compared to control groups, but more than in the experiment with B. coagulans. According to the results of biochemical examination of blood serum in calves, the absence of toxic effects of probiotic strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus on the internal organs of animals was established.
Conclusions. It was found that the maximum positive effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of calves up to 30 days of age had B. coagulans (1×109) when fed at a dose of 5 g per animal. The amount of Lactobacillus sp. was the maximum and reached 800 CFU/g, which is 80 % more than in the control group. At the same time, the level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal indicators and was: Clostridium by 20 %, Escherichia coli – by 70 %, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Candida – 100 % less than the control.
In the study of biochemical parameters, it was found that the activity of enzymes, protein and glucose levels in the serum of experimental animals fed with B. coagulans were within the physiological norm, indicating a normal metabolic process and no toxic effects.
Pharmacopeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies
Authors: Melnyk Halyna , Yarnykh Tatyana , Buryak Marina 
Published: August 2021

An analytical review of pharmacopoeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies is presented.
The aim of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of pharmacopoeial requirements for the technology of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies.
Materials and methods of the research. Comparative analysis of pharmacopoeial requirements was performed using methods of systematic and structural-logical analysis.
Results and discussions. It was found that in many pharmacopoeias (European, British, Italian, French, Czech, Kazakh) there are no instructions on the pharmacy technology of these dosage forms. Only the pharmacopoeias of Japan, Austria, Belarus and Russia contain separate monographs on the extemporaneous preparation of infusions and decoctions.
After analyzing these monographs, it was found that the definition of infusions and decoctions as a dosage form differs. It was found that the Japanese Pharmacopoeia regulates the preliminary preparation of medicinal plant raw materials (soaking for 5 minutes in water), in other pharmacopoeias there is no such requirement. When conducting a comparative analysis of the technology of preparation of infusions and decoctions, we observe that the ratio of medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM) and extractant and extraction modes differ.
Conclusions. An analytical review of pharmacopoeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies is presented.
A comparative analysis of the requirements for technology and quality control of infusions and decoctions in accordance with pharmacopoeial articles revealed both different and similar information. The results of the research showed that despite the differences in the structures of articles and names, as well as approaches to the definition of this dosage form, some requirements are similar (particle size of MPRM). The differences that were found include the ratio of MPRM and extractant, extraction modes.
Taking into account the data of the analysis and the existing national requirements, the authors proposed a draft general pharmacopoeial article “Infusions and decoctions made in pharmacies”.
Application of the principles of international standards to ensure quality and safety in the development of technology of bakery products of increased nutritional value
Authors: Ibraimova Saniya , Uazhanova Raushangul , Serikbaeva Ayana , Mardar Maryna 
Published: August 2021

In order to manage quality and safety in the development of technology for new types of bakery products of increased nutritional value, the HACCP system was used. Marketing research has shown that consumers would like to see more nutritious breads with natural additives on store shelves. Juniper (Juniperucommunis L) is one of the traditional crops growing in Kazakhstan and characterized by a high content of biologically active substances. In this regard, 3 % of crushed juniper fruits were added to the bread recipe. In the course of research, a HACCP plan was developed for a new type of bread with increased nutritional value with the inclusion of juniper. As a result of the analysis of the bread production process, hazardous factors were identified and safety management measures were determined. Three critical control points were identified – during preparation (cleaning and grinding) of juniper fruits, during dough fermentation, and during storage of finished products. Once risk factors were identified, critical limits were identified, a monitoring procedure was established, and corrective actions were developed. The developed HACCP plan was tested at an enterprise for the production of bakery products, which led to an increase in the safety of products, and, accordingly, to an increase in its competitiveness in the consumer market of Kazakhstan.
Antioxidative Potential and Phytochemical Content of Detox Water
Authors: Ariyawansa Ganguli P , Ramanathan Rahini 
Published: August 2021

Detox water is a fusion of different fruits immersed in water. It has been shown to possess many health benefits including toxin removal, increased immune function, weight loss and hydration. The following research aimed to extend previous investigation into the beneficial properties of detox water by determining the antioxidant potential and phytochemical content of water infused with a combination of Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) and Fuji apple (Malus domestica) in different ratios. The three trails studied were 25:75 (T1), 50:50 (T2) and 75:25 (T3) Apple: Orange ratios. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were assayed using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl- DPPH assay, the Folin Ciocalteu assay and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay respectively. The assays were carried out on water samples taken at 0.5, 1,2,4,6 and 8 hours after infusion, and on the fruit residue. Vitamin C concentration of the water and fruit residue were determined by titration against potassium iodide at the eight- hour of infusion. The antioxidant, TPC and TFC values of water samples increased with infusion time. At the eight-hour, the antioxidant potential of the water samples ranged from 74.45% (T1) - 68.16% (T3). The TPC, TFC and Vitamin C values for all three trails were found to be significantly different (p<0.05), with TPC values of 189.01 µg GAE/ml sample (T1), 172.10 µg GAE/ml sample (T2) and 144.82 µg GAE/ml sample (T3); TFC values were 32.11 µg QE/ml sample (T1), 25.24 µg QE/ml sample (T2) and 17.62 µg QE/ml sample (T3). Vitamin C values were 237.76 µg vitamin C/ml sample (T1), 161.44 µg vitamin C/ml sample (T2) and 114.48 µg vitamin C/ml sample (T3). The fruit residues possessed very low antioxidant potential and phytochemical content. The study has proven that detox water possesses beneficial properties due to its high phytochemical content.
A Digital Self-management Program (Help to Overcome Problems Effectively) for People Living With Cancer: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wright Hayley , Martin Faith , Clyne Wendy , Clark Cain C T , Matouskova Gabriela , McGillion Michael , Turner Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Background
We present the results of a feasibility, randomized waitlist control group (CG) parallel design study with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Participants were randomized into an intervention group (IG) or a waitlist CG. The intervention was a 6-week digital self-management program, Help to Overcome Problems Effectively (HOPE), for people with cancer.

Objective
This study aims to test the feasibility of a digitally delivered self-management program for people with cancer. This will inform the design of a definitive randomized controlled trial. In addition, a preliminary assessment of the impact of the HOPE program via secondary outcomes will be used to assess signals of efficacy in a trial context.

Methods
Participants were drawn from an opportunity sample, referred by Macmillan Cancer Support, and were invited via email to participate in the study (N=61). Primary outcomes were rates of recruitment, retention, follow-up, completion and adherence, sample size and effect size estimation, and assessment of progression criteria for a definitive trial. Secondary outcomes were self-report measures of participants’ positive mental well-being, depression, anxiety, and patient activation (ie, confidence in managing their cancer). The intervention and data collection took place on the web.

Results
The recruitment rate was 77% (47/61). A total of 41 participants completed the baseline questionnaires and were randomized to either the IG (n=21) or the waitlist CG (n=20). The retention rate (attending all program sessions) was greater than 50% (all: 21/41, 51%, IG: 10/21, 48%; and CG: 11/20, 55%). The follow-up rate (completing all questionnaires) was greater than 80% (all: 33/41, 80%; IG: 16/21, 76%; and CG: 17/20, 85%). The completion rate (attending ≥3 sessions and completing all questionnaires) was greater than 60% (all: 25/41, 61%; IG: 13/21, 62%; and CG: 12/20, 60%). Engagement data showed that participants viewed between half (5.1/10, 51%) and three-quarters (12.2/16, 76%) of the pages in each session.

Conclusions
All progression criteria for a definitive trial were met, as supported by the primary outcome data. The IG showed improved postprogram scores on measures of positive mental well-being, depression, anxiety, and patient activation. A full-scale trial of the digital HOPE program for people with cancer will allow us to fully evaluate the efficacy of the intervention relative to a CG.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN79623250; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN79623250

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/24264
Privacy-Preserving Anonymity for Periodical Releases of Spontaneous Adverse Drug Event Reporting Data: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Wang Jie-Teng , Lin Wen-Yang 
Published: August 2021

Background
Spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) have been increasingly established to collect adverse drug events for fostering adverse drug reaction (ADR) detection and analysis research. SRS data contain personal information, and so their publication requires data anonymization to prevent the disclosure of individuals’ privacy. We have previously proposed a privacy model called MS(k, θ*)-bounding and the associated MS-Anonymization algorithm to fulfill the anonymization of SRS data. In the real world, the SRS data usually are released periodically (eg, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System [FAERS]) to accommodate newly collected adverse drug events. Different anonymized releases of SRS data available to the attacker may thwart our single-release-focus method, that is, MS(k, θ*)-bounding.

Objective
We investigate the privacy threat caused by periodical releases of SRS data and propose anonymization methods to prevent the disclosure of personal privacy information while maintaining the utility of published data.

Methods
We identify potential attacks on periodical releases of SRS data, namely, BFL-attacks, mainly caused by follow-up cases. We present a new privacy model called PPMS(k, θ*)-bounding, and propose the associated PPMS-Anonymization algorithm and 2 improvements: PPMS+-Anonymization and PPMS++-Anonymization. Empirical evaluations were performed using 32 selected FAERS quarter data sets from 2004Q1 to 2011Q4. The performance of the proposed versions of PPMS-Anonymization was inspected against MS-Anonymization from some aspects, including data distortion, measured by normalized information loss; privacy risk of anonymized data, measured by dangerous identity ratio and dangerous sensitivity ratio; and data utility, measured by the bias of signal counting and strength (proportional reporting ratio).

Results
The best version of PPMS-Anonymization, PPMS++-Anonymization, achieves nearly the same quality as MS-Anonymization in both privacy protection and data utility. Overall, PPMS++-Anonymization ensures zero privacy risk on record and attribute linkage, and exhibits 51%-78% and 59%-82% improvements on information loss over PPMS+-Anonymization and PPMS-Anonymization, respectively, and significantly reduces the bias of ADR signal.

Conclusions
The proposed PPMS(k, θ*)-bounding model and PPMS-Anonymization algorithm are effective in anonymizing SRS data sets in the periodical data publishing scenario, preventing the series of releases from disclosing personal sensitive information caused by BFL-attacks while maintaining the data utility for ADR signal detection.