bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sick sinus syndrome and high‐degree atrioventricular block in dementia with Lewy bodies and other dementia subtypes: A study of ≈ 73,000 patients with dementia
Authors: Heyman Isak , Haglund Mattias , Eriksdotter Maria , Londos Elisabet 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLewy body pathology is commonly found in cardiac nervous tissue, including the cardiac conduction system. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and high‐degree atrioventricular block in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia subtypes.METHODSWe included 73,619 individuals diagnosed with dementia from the Swedish Dementia Registry. Data pertaining to incident pacemaker implantation was obtained from the Swedish Pacemaker Registry.RESULTSSSS was more common in the DLB compared to the AD cohort (2.2% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.008). In adjusted models, SSS was associated with DLB compared to AD (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–2.01).DISCUSSIONWe showed that incident pacemaker implantation secondary to SSS was more common in patients with DLB compared to those with AD.HIGHLIGHTS
Incident pacemaker implantation secondary to sick sinus syndrome (SSS; but not high‐degree atrioventricular block [HAVB]) was more common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) versus Alzheimer's disease (AD).
In adjusted models, SSS (but not HAVB) was positively associated with DLB compared to AD.
Pacemaker data of various dementia disorders are presented.
Exercise intensity matters: A review on evaluating the effects of aerobic exercise intensity on muscle‐derived neuroprotective myokines
Authors: Zare Navabeh , Bishop David J. , Levinger Itamar , Febbraio Mark A. , Broatch James R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExercise as a medical intervention is effective to help prevent and manage many chronic and complex diseases, including dementia. There is evidence to suggest that regular aerobic exercise protects against age‐related brain atrophy and reduces the risk of cognitive decline. The mechanisms by which exercise infers a neuroprotective effect remain to be established but may be related to a maintenance of brain volume and neuronal survival, improved cerebrovascular density and function, and/or increased synaptic plasticity. In addition, there is growing evidence to suggest the beneficial effects of exercise on brain health and cognitive function are, at least in part, mediated by factors released by skeletal muscle during contraction. The fact that the brain responds to exercise suggests that muscle‐derived peripheral factors, or “myokines,” may play a key role in muscle–brain crosstalk and exercise neuroprotection. However, the most effective “dose” of aerobic exercise to promote beneficial changes in these myokine pathways is currently unknown. Specifically, most of the evidence to date is from studies that have used moderate‐intensity exercise, and research investigating the merit of high‐intensity exercise is scarce. Considering the well‐established role of high‐intensity interval training in protecting against numerous medical conditions, more research is needed to identify the most effective “dose” of exercise to improve the beneficial effects of these myokines.Highlights
Neuroprotection through exercise: Regular aerobic exercise mitigates age‐related brain atrophy and cognitive decline via multiple mechanisms, including brain volume maintenance, improved cerebrovascular function, and synaptic plasticity.
Myokines as mediators: Muscle‐derived factors (myokines) play a crucial role in muscle–brain crosstalk, significantly contributing to the neuroprotective effects of exercise.
Intensity matters: The review underscores the necessity to define and study exercise intensity, revealing high‐intensity exercise may be as effective, if not more, in promoting neuroprotective myokine levels compared to moderate‐intensity exercise.
Future research directions: This review emphasizes the need for well‐controlled studies to explore the optimal exercise dose for enhancing myokine pathways and their implications for neurodegenerative disease prevention.
Serum Collagen Biomarkers Are Reflective of Tissue Specific Fibroblasts Associated With Ulcerative Colitis Activity and Treatment Response to Ustekinumab
Authors: Venkat Swati , Rusbuldt Joshua , Richards Dylan , Freeman Thomas , Richmond Camilla , Mortensen Joachim Hog , Seidelin Jakob Benedict , Poulsen Anja , McRae Brad , Ruane Darren 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a need to identify peripheral biomarkers reflective of defined disease associated fibroblasts in Ulcerative Colitis (UC), with the aim of enabling clinical development approaches for novel‐stromal‐targeted therapeutics for individuals at risk for fibrostenotic complications. Additionally, longitudinal non‐invasive biomarkers of tissue remodelling, fibroblast biology and pharmacodynamic measurements are needed in the clinic to facilitate risk stratification.AimTo identify novel blood protein biomarkers associated with defined fibroblast subsets, tissue remodelling and treatment response/non‐response in UC.MethodsWe performed data analysis on matched serum and tissue transcriptomics from the UNIFI trial at weeks 0 and 8 in clinical responders and non‐responders. Detailed gene correlation analysis was performed on 97 colonic biopsies from 50 patients pre‐ and post‐treatment, to construct detailed cell‐type mapping associated with clinical parameters. Detailed serum‐based proteomics analysis was performed using matched serum and tissue sample sets to evaluate specific correlations between defined tissue cellular subsets and unique peripheral proteins, reflective of defined tissue transcriptional subsets and clinical parameters.ResultsEvaluation of the UNIFI clinical study, revealed a significant association between intestinal‐inflammatory activated fibroblasts (IIAF) and various clinical parameters, including Geboes scores. These findings were unique to IIAFs and were confirmed using spatial tissue transcriptomics. Evaluation of novel peripheral proteomics revealed a significant correlation between selective serum collagen biomarkers, including Pro‐Collagen 22, Collagen 1M, CTX‐III, ELP‐3, and the IIAF tissue module. These serum collagen biomarkers were unique to IIAFs, as other broad proteomics methodologies failed to demonstrate significant correlations with known UC serum markers. Ustekinumab endoscopic responders had a significant decrease in IIAFs, which was associated with decreases in these IIAF associated serum proteins. Furthermore, C1M and ELP‐3 demonstrated predictive value to enable characterisation of UC patients with IIAF driven disease.ConclusionsThese serum biomarkers were correlated with tissue levels of IIAFs, identifying unique peripheral markers of tissue associated cell types correlated with fibrosis. Given the association of IIAFs and treatment response, this highlights the utility of these triaged collagen biomarkers for anti‐stromal therapeutic development and patient stratification in UC and beyond.
Shouldice Versus TAPP for Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Delgado Lucas Monteiro , Pompeu Bernardo Fontel , Magalhães Caio Mendonça , Pasqualotto Eric , Barbosa William Silva , Poli de Figueiredo Sergio Mazzola 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionInguinal hernia (IH) repair is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide. Among the various techniques available, the Shouldice (SHD) technique is mainly used for nonmesh open repair whereas, the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach is a commonly performed minimally invasive method. Despite its widespread use, a direct comparison between the two techniques is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the short and long‐term outcomes of SHD and TAPP for elective IH repair.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library on April 16. Mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled for continuous and binary endpoints, respectively. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics.ResultsThirteen RCTs comprising 2214 patients were included. Of these, 1089 patients (49%) underwent SHD repair and 1125 (51%) patients underwent TAPP repair. The mean BMI was reported in four studies ranging from 23 to 25.7 kg/m2. Data regarding hernia sizes were not available. Compared with TAPP, SHD significantly reduced seroma (RR 0.20; 95% CI 0.04–0.90; p = 0.04; and I2 = 0%) and increased chronic pain (RR 2.13; 95% CI 1.31–3.46; p < 0.01; and I2 = 0%) and 1‐day postoperative pain (MD 2.01; 95% CI 0.72–3.29; p < 0.01; and I2 = 97%). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in recurrence (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.66–1.35; p = 0.75; and I2 = 12%), hematoma (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.80–1.46; p = 0.63; and I2 = 0%), urinary retention (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.49–1.36; p = 0.43; and I2 = 0%), and testicular atrophy (RR 3.28; 95% CI 0.79–13.54; p = 0.10; and I2 = 0%).ConclusionSHD repair demonstrated a lower occurrence of seromas; however, it was associated with a higher occurrence of both acute and chronic postoperative pain compared to TAPP in patients with a normal BMI. No significant differences were observed between the two techniques in terms of hernia recurrence, hematoma formation, urinary retention, or testicular atrophy rates.
Impfquotenmonitoring in Deutschland – gegenwärtiger Stand und Perspektive
Authors: Rieck Thorsten , Rau Cornelius , Wulkotte Elisa , Feig Marcel , Fischer Constantin , Wichmann Ole , Steffen Annika 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Aktuelle und belastbare Daten zum Impfstatus der Bevölkerung sind für die Evaluation von Impfprogrammen unerlässlich. Die systematische Auswertung von Daten der Schuleingangsuntersuchungen (SEU) und Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KVen) ist Grundlage des Impfquotenmonitorings in Deutschland. Diese beiden etablierten, effektiven Systeme werden durch Surveys ergänzt, die für besondere Zielgruppen neben Daten zur Impfinanspruchnahme auch Informationen zu Impfakzeptanz und -intention liefern können.
Anhand der SEU- und Abrechnungsdaten können Impfquoten nur mit einem Zeitverzug von 1–2 Jahren berichtet werden. Außerdem sind die Abrechnungsdaten aufgrund zunehmender Diversifizierung von Impfleistungserbringern unvollständig. Die Notwendigkeit eines vollständigen und zeitnahen Impfquotenmonitorings während der Covid-19-Pandemie zeigte die Grenzen dieser Systeme in einer Akutsituation auf. Daher wurde mit dem Digitalen Impfquotenmonitoring (DIM) ein temporäres System zur Erhebung tagesaktueller Covid-19-Impfdaten etabliert, das allen Impfleistungserbringern die Datenübermittlung an das Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) ermöglichte. Mit der Vision eines zeitnahen und vollständigen Impfquotenmonitorings wird die Integration der Impfdatenerhebung in das Deutsche Elektronische Melde- und Informationssystem für den Infektionsschutz (DEMIS) als einheitliche Meldeinfrastruktur vorangetrieben.
Über DEMIS sollen zukünftig pseudonymisierte, einzelfallbasierte Impfdaten zeitnah von allen Impfleistungserbringern an das RKI übermittelt werden. Damit wird es möglich sein, die Umsetzung neuer Impfempfehlungen anhand vervollständigter und hoch aufgelöster Daten mit geringem Zeitverzug zu bewerten und Impfempfehlungen sowie Kommunikationsstrategien im Bedarfsfall schnell anzupassen.
Automatic projection parameter increase for three-field density-based topology optimization
Authors: Dunning Peter , Wein Fabian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A method is proposed to automatically increase the threshold projection parameter in three-field density-based topology optimization to achieve near binary designs. The three-field method is composed of an element-wise design density field that is filtered and then passed through a smooth threshold projection function to compute the projected density field, which is then used to compute element properties, e.g., using a power law for stiffness. The sharpness of the threshold projection function is controlled by a parameter

$$\beta $$

β

. In this paper, a method is introduced to automatically increase this parameter during optimization by linking it to the change in objective function. Furthermore, the gray value indicator is added as a stopping criterion to guarantee the solution is near binary. This results in a method that does not need to be tuned for specific problems, or optimizers, and the same set of user-defined parameters can be used for a wide range of problems. However, a high value of the threshold projection parameter may cause convergence issues for some optimizers, such as the optimally criteria method, and an adaptive move limit strategy is introduced to overcome this problem. It is also shown that some problems require length-scale control to achieve a near binary design. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on several benchmark problems, including linear compliance, linear buckling, compliant mechanism, heat conduction, and geometrically nonlinear problems.
The scientific evidence of commercial AI products for MRI acceleration: a systematic review
Authors: Fransen Stefan J. , Roest Christian , Simonis Frank F. J. , Yakar Derya , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study explores the methods employed by commercially available AI products to accelerate MRI protocols and investigates the strength of their diagnostic image quality assessment.

Materials and methods
All commercial AI products for MRI acceleration were identified from the exhibitors presented at the RSNA 2023 and ECR 2024 annual meetings. Peer-reviewed scientific articles describing validation of clinical performance were searched for each product. Information was extracted regarding the MRI acceleration technique, achieved acceleration, diagnostic performance metrics, test cohort, and hallucinatory artifacts. The strength of the diagnostic image quality was assessed using scientific evidence levels ranging from “product’s technical feasibility for clinical purposes” to “product’s economic impact on society”.

Results
Out of 1046 companies, 14 products of 14 companies were included. No scientific articles were found for four products (29%). For the remaining ten products (71%), 21 articles were retrieved. Four acceleration methods were identified: noise reduction, raw data reconstruction, personalized scanning protocols, and synthetic image generation. Only a limited number of articles prospectively demonstrated impact on patient outcomes (n = 4, 19%), and no articles discussed an evaluation in a prospective cohort of > 100 patients or performed an economic analysis. None of the articles performed an analysis of hallucinatory artifacts.

Conclusion
Currently, commercially available AI products for MRI acceleration can be categorized into four main methods. The acceleration methods lack prospective scientific evidence on clinical performance in large cohorts and economic analysis, which would help to get a better insight into their diagnostic performance and enable safe and effective clinical implementation.

Key Points

Question

There is a growing interest in AI products that reduce MRI scan time, but an overview of these methods and their scientific evidence is missing.

Findings

Only a limited number of articles (n = 4, 19%) prospectively demonstrated the impact of the software for accelerating MRI on diagnostic performance metrics.

Clinical relevance

Although various commercially available products shorten MRI acquisition time, more studies in large cohorts are needed to get a better insight into the diagnostic performance of AI-constructed MRI.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging practices: insights from the MRCT registry
Authors: Moser Lukas J. , Lisi Costanza , Gutberlet Matthias , Boccalini Sara , Budde Ricardo P. J. , Francone Marco , Hrabak Paar Maja , Loewe Christian , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Natale Luigi , Nikolaou Konstantin , Pirnat Maja , Salgado Rodrigo , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Williams Michelle C. , Eberhard Matthias , Alkadhi Hatem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the spectrum of indications for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a focus on myocarditis.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective analysis of data from the MRCT registry of the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR). Data regarding indications and diagnoses of myocarditis between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2024, were extracted. Data was analyzed for the periods before and after the beginning (i.e., March 11, 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Data from 112,361 cardiac MRI examinations was analyzed (63.5% male, median age 58 [IQR 44–69]). Over the entire period, assessment of myocarditis was the most common indication for cardiac MRI (31%, n = 34,906/112,361). Before the pandemic, this indication comprised 28% of examinations and increased to a maximum of 41% in 2022 after the onset of the pandemic. Simultaneously, the positivity rate of these examinations decreased from 21% before the pandemic to 14% in 2022. Male patients had a higher positivity rate than female patients both before and during the pandemic, with mirroring trends between sexes. The proportion of cardiac MRI examinations performed for suspected and known coronary artery disease showed an inverse relationship with those performed for myocarditis and decreased from 24% and 17% pre-pandemic to a minimum of 21% and 13% during the pandemic.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic considerably influenced the pattern of referrals for cardiac MRI examinations in Europe, leading to a higher proportion of examinations for suspected myocarditis but a reduced positivity rate, suggesting a lower referral threshold for this indication. At the same time, proportionally fewer examinations were performed for suspected and known coronary artery disease.

Key Points

Question

The COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the spectrum and positivity rates of indications for cardiac MRI, especially examinations for myocarditis.

Findings

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a higher proportion of cardiac MRI examinations for suspected myocarditis but a reduced positivity rate.

Clinical relevance

The spectrum and proportions of indications for cardiac MRI give important information on the historical and current trends in cardiac imaging and provide insight into resource deployment.
The incidence and outcome of acute kidney injury during pediatric kidney tumor treatment—a national cohort study
Authors: Raymakers-Janssen Paulien A. M. A. , van den Berg Gerrit , Lilien Marc R. , van Kessel Inge A. , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , Wijnen Marc H. W. A. , Triest Mieke I. , van Peer Sophie E. , Jongmans Marjolijn C. J. , van Tinteren Harm , Janssens Geert O. , Fiocco Marta , Wösten-van Asperen Roelie M. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of pediatric cancer treatment that is suggested to increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Children with a kidney tumor may be at particular risk. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of AKI and its association with CKD during pediatric kidney tumor treatment.

Methods
We analyzed data from a prospective national cohort of patients ≤ 18 years old diagnosed with a kidney tumor between 2015 and 2021 in the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology in the Netherlands. AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria. CKD was assessed 1 year post-treatment based on proteinuria and/or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Results
Of 147 patients, we observed AKI in 104 patients (71%) during therapy. AKI occurred most often within 48 h after tumor nephrectomy (88/104), while the rest had non-nephrectomy-related AKI from multifactorial causes. Sixteen patients experienced more than one AKI episode, and 92/104 episodes were reversible. Patients who developed AKI had a higher eGFR prior to surgery compared to those who did not develop AKI. CKD was observed in 16/120 patients (13%). Risk factors for developing CKD included the occurrence of at least 1 AKI event, the use of a > 3-drug regimen, and a lower eGFR at the start of treatment.

Conclusion
The high incidence of AKI and its association with early CKD highlights the need for early detection, prevention, and intervention strategies during pediatric kidney tumor treatment.

Graphical abstract
Quantification of smearing risk for tapered roller bearings in wind turbine gearboxes during grid faults
Authors: Yazici Emircan , Jacobs Georg , Röder Julian , Mogk Julian , Wingertszahn Patrick , Koch Oliver 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wind turbine (WT) gearbox damage negatively impact the levelized cost of energy due to the costs for maintenance and repair. In 70% of the cases, rolling bearing damage are the cause of WT gearbox failures. Rolling bearings often fail far before their designed service life. Especially the bearings on the high-speed-shaft (HSS) of the WT gearbox are prone to failure. One driver for bearing damage are critical loads that are not sufficiently included in the design process yet, e.g. loads resulting from grid faults. Grid faults induce significant generator torque excitations in doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines which lead to transient changes in the loading and rotational speed of the gearbox bearings. Typically, cylindrical roller bearings (CRB) and tapered roller bearings (TRB) are used on the HSS. For CRBs, it was already shown in previous publications that the smearing risk is significantly increased in the event of grid faults. For TRBs, there is no such investigation yet. TRBs are often used as the fixed bearing in an adjusted bearing arrangement on the HSS. The preloading of the arrangement significantly influences the bearing kinematics and the risk of damage. Thus, this paper investigates the smearing risk for TRBs in WT gearboxes during grid faults, considering different preloads of the bearings. It is shown that the smearing risk for the TRBs on the HSS of a research nacelle during grid faults is 72% higher than during rated operation for the reference preload distance of 0 µm. Increasing the preload distance to 370 µm leads to a significant decrease in the smearing risk by 55% for the rated operation and by 86% during the grid fault compared to the reference. However, increasing the preload also increases the fatigue loads and thus decreases the fatigue lifetime. Consequently, there has to be a multifactorial design optimization of the TRB arrangement and the different damage criteria to derive the optimal preload.