bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Money and flexible generosity
Authors: Wang Xijing , Chen Zhansheng , G. Krumhuber Eva , Chen Hao 
Published: February 2021

Previous research on money and prosociality has described a monotonic pattern, showing that money reduces generosity. The present research aimed to examine whether money differently impairs generosity when arising from altruistic versus egoistic motives. To this end, we employed economic games designed to study generosity (e.g., the Dictator game) and varied experimental currency (i.e., money vs. candy/food). The results (N = 850) showed that although money made people ignore others when others were not crucial for their future gain, generosity was not impacted when egoistic motives (Study 1: avoiding sanctions; Studies 2 and 3: building reputation) were present. In other words, although people in general showed flexible prosociality by adjusting their generosity level according to game type, this was much more strongly the case when money rather than candy/food was the currency. In addition, we demonstrate a boundary condition of money on flexible generosity, namely imbuing money with prosocial meaning (Study 3). Some implications are discussed.
A late Permian–Triassic trench‐slope basin in the Central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, Northern Tibet: Stratigraphy, sedimentology, syndepositional deformation and tectonic implications
Authors: Liang Xiao , Wang Genhou , Gao Jinhan , Jiang Haishui , Yuan Guoli , Li Dian , Cao Wentao , Zheng Yilong , Fang Qiang , Lee Byung‐Su , Park Soo‐In , Wang Yaxi , Zhao Jia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecords of sedimentation and deformation in trench‐slope basins contain valuable tectonic information about the associated oceanic subduction zone. Here, we present a multidisciplinary study on newly discovered late Permian–Triassic sedimentary successions in the >500‐km‐long Central Qiangtang metamorphic belt (CQMB) to better understand the type of basin and the concomitant tectonism. The Mayer Kangri succession contains lithofacies associations of submarine fan siliciclastic rocks, slope‐environment limestone, deep marine chert and minor olistostromes from the forearc basin. The conodont assemblages and sandstone and andesite interlayers yield continuous stratigraphic ages from the Lopingian to middle Norian. The clastic sediments had two provenances, including the epicontinental arc in the North Qiangtang block (NQB) and synchronous volcanism in the accretionary wedge. Moreover, a large suite of the Anisian–early Carnian radiolarian cherts (>30 m thick) was discovered in the Lanling area. Regionally, the CQMB shows evident spatiotemporal variations in late Permian–Triassic sedimentation, with a general depositional trend of southward deepening and getting younger. The three identified subzones include a bathyal setting, a carbonate platform setting and a deep marine setting from north to south. These observations indicate that the late Permian–Triassic sedimentary successions in the CQMB were deposited in a trench‐slope basin environment during the northward subduction of the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Tethys Ocean beneath the NQB. Generally, the CQMB and the concomitant trench‐slope basin is among the well‐preserved ancient analogs characterized by extensional tectonism. The syndepositional horst‐graben‐like structure, forearc basin‐derived olistostromes, abyssal radiolarian cherts and synchronous volcanism provide new implications for the geological evolution of the trench‐slope basin.
Omics‐based molecular analyses of adhesion by aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Davey Peter A. , Power Anne Marie , Santos Romana , Bertemes Philip , Ladurner Peter , Palmowski Pawel , Clarke Jessica , Flammang Patrick , Lengerer Birgit , Hennebert Elise , Rothbächer Ute , Pjeta Robert , Wunderer Julia , Zurovec Michal , Aldred Nick 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMany aquatic invertebrates are associated with surfaces, using adhesives to attach to the substratum for locomotion, prey capture, reproduction, building or defence. Their intriguing and sophisticated biological glues have been the focus of study for decades. In all but a couple of specific taxa, however, the precise mechanisms by which the bioadhesives stick to surfaces underwater and (in many cases) harden have proved to be elusive. Since the bulk components are known to be based on proteins in most organisms, the opportunities provided by advancing ‘omics technologies have revolutionised bioadhesion research. Time‐consuming isolation and analysis of single molecules has been either replaced or augmented by the generation of massive data sets that describe the organism's translated genes and proteins. While these new approaches have provided resources and opportunities that have enabled physiological insights and taxonomic comparisons that were not previously possible, they do not provide the complete picture and continued multi‐disciplinarity is essential. This review covers the various ways in which ‘omics have contributed to our understanding of adhesion by aquatic invertebrates, with new data to illustrate key points. The associated challenges are highlighted and priorities are suggested for future research.
Patterns and stratification of stressor exposure among Canadian workers
Authors: Pajovic Vesna , Shuey Kim M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research note identifies patterns of stressor exposure among Canadian workers, their stratification by occupational and socio‐demographic factors, and their relationship to high self‐reported work stress. Using latent class analysis and data from the Canadian Community Health Survey we examine the intersection of six stressors, identifying five distinct patterns (Few stressors, Multiple stressors, Physical, Monotonous, and Chaotic patterns of stressor exposure). Results show that the patterns of stressor exposure are stratified by gender, education, income, age group, and occupation; as well as give insight on how particular patterns of stressor exposure relate to individual perceptions of high self‐reported work stress. The project also provides a research example of using quantitative data to examine qualitative differences in patterns of experience that provide more nuanced insight into complex social phenomena.
Comparaison des représentations des amish et des mormons fondamentalistes (FLDS) dans deux téléréalités américaines
Authors: Legault‐Laberge Raphaël Mathieu , Vanasse‐Pelletier Mathilde 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research explores the representations of two minority religions in United States, the Amish and the fundamentalist Mormons (FLDS), in two reality shows produced in 2013:Breaking AmishandBreaking the Faith. To which extent these reality shows contribute to reinforce stereotypes about these minority religions? The hypothesis postulates that there is a convergence in the representations of minority religions in these reality shows which contributes to the reproduction of stereotypes. Based on theories of identity construction and on the study of new religious movements, the analysis shows that the same guiding lines are recurrent in both reality shows.
Mandibular residual ridge morphology in relation to complete dentures and implant overdentures–Part I: Predictors for perceived conventional denture stability
Authors: Xia Yuning , Ma Chufan , Chen Jihua , Witter Dick J. , Zhang Qian , Creugers Nico H. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is lack of reliable predictors for success of conventional complete denture (CCD) therapy, which in turn might affect the effectiveness of subsequent implant‐retained overdenture (IOD) therapy.PurposeTo investigate relationships between digitally obtained geometrical mandibular residual ridge measures and perceived CCD‐stability.Materials and Methods30 CCD wearing patients (67.9 ± 7.0 years) for whom a new set of CCDs was advised, were treated with new CCDs. Digitalized mandibular gypsum models were measured using the Geomagic Studio 2013 software. Data were obtained for (1) height, width, and cross‐section surface area of the residual ridge at different locations (midline, premolar, and anterior edge of retromolar pad) and (2) denture base surface area. Scatter plots and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate associations between the geometric data and denture base surface area, and correlated with denture stability scores (Spearman rank test).ResultsScatter plots showed that best model fit for denture base surface area was mean ridge height (R2 = 0.906). Multivariate regression showed that height at premolar location (p = 0.001) had largest effect on denture base surface area (R2 = 0.796). Ridge morphology variables, except width at midline location, were significantly correlated with CCD‐stability (p‐values <0.05). CCD‐stability was significantly correlated with denture base surface area (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionResidual ridge height at premolar location was most predictive for denture base surface area and perceived CCD‐stability.
A service evaluation exploring the effectiveness of a locally commissioned tier 3 weight management programme offering face‐to‐face, telephone and digital dietetic support
Authors: Huntriss Rosemary , Haines Matthew , Jones Lucy , Mulligan Danielle 
Published: February 2021

SummaryObesity continues to be a global health problem with significant costs associated with management, treatment, and obesity‐related comorbidities. Tier 3 weight management programmes support patients with complex obesity and traditionally offer interventions through face‐to‐face delivery. In this study, a service evaluation compared weight loss for adults with a BMI ≥ 45 kg/m2 or ≥ 40 kg/m2 with a comorbidity, who were offered a non‐randomized dietetic intervention through face‐to‐face, telephone, or digital support using the Oviva smartphone app as part of a tier 3 weight management programme. One hundred and sixty‐nine patients commenced the core programme. There were no significant differences in weight loss between patients receiving face‐to‐face (5.3 ± 5.5 kg [−4.1%]), telephone (−4 ± 5.3 kg [−3.4%]) and digital support (−6.1 ± 4.9 kg [−4.5%]) (P = .061), with data reported as intention‐to‐treat using baseline observation carried forward imputation. Completer data were also analysed at an optional 12‐week follow‐up where weight loss was maintained with no significant differences between face‐to‐face (−7.6 ± 9.3 kg [−5.6%]) and digital support (−9.2 ± 7.6) kg [−6.8%]) (P = .135). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the acceptability of the interventions (P = .261). Due to the potential scalability, resource, and cost‐savings of digital care, and improvement in accessibility for some people, digital delivery of weight management programmes should be considered as a care option in weight management services.
The perils of flawed science in wildlife trade literature
Authors: Natusch Daniel J. D. , Aust Patrick W. , Shine Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite broad scientific consensus that sustainable use of wildlife can enhance conservation efforts, ethical concerns have led some community groups to oppose use of wild animals. Voicing those concerns is legitimate, but underlying philosophical bias should not influence science‐based analysis and interpretation. We argue that philosophical biases are common in the scientific literature on trade in wildlife. The critically important case of bias surrounding the use of reptile leathers for luxury fashion illustrates the problem. Based on analysis of official seizures of fashion products made from wildlife, a recent study inferred that criminal activity (as inferred by noncompliance with regulations) was common and increasing and, hence, that authorities needed to adopt more stringent restrictions on the trade. In fact, the conclusions of that study are artifacts of pseudoreplication (e.g., multiple counts of single violations) and biased sampling (e.g., focus on companies with high rates of error) and run directly opposite to actual patterns in the data. As a proportion of overall trade, rates of noncompliance are exceptionally low (<0.4%), are declining, and result primarily from paper‐work errors rather than criminal intent (e.g., such errors are more frequent for goods shipped by government authorities than by the commercial fashion industry). The recommendation by the study authors to prohibit the international trade in wildlife‐based fashion products is imperiling a sustainable trade that can benefit biodiversity and people's livelihoods by providing financial incentives for conservation of species and habitats. This example offers a warning of the dangers of basing research on the wildlife trade on ethical or philosophical positions rather than objective evaluations of evidence.
Fishy labeling: Inter‐regional inequality of truthful product information
Authors: Kim Sang‐Hyun , Lan Hao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, food fraud has become a matter of great concern. We investigate how economic factors are related to the misdeeds of food retailers. Our model predicts that mislabeling is less likely in regions where (i) there are more sellers and (ii) the average income level is higher. The empirical patterns found in the DNA test data are in line with the predictions. Our findings can inform regulators of which regions and fish species to focus on when auditing.
Doppler‐derived renal resistive index helps predict acute kidney injury in patients undergoing living‐related liver transplantation
Authors: Shankar Vijay , Raj Anupam , Singhal Saurabh , Sahni Reeti , Goyal Neerav , Venuthurimilli Arun , Olson Michael T. , Chatterji Chitra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly associated with increased postoperative morbidity in liver transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of this study was to identify the role of renal resistive index (RRI) in predicting AKI and to study the factors associated with AKI in LT recipients.Patients and methodsWe performed a single‐center, prospective study, including adult living donor LT recipients at our center between January 2018 and September 2019 with no preoperative renal dysfunction. RRI was calculated on ultrasound doppler once preoperatively, and once daily in the postoperative period through postoperative day (POD) six. Patients were grouped into AKI and non‐AKI groups for comparison.ResultsFifty patients were included in the study (mean age, 44 years; 20% females). AKI developed in 25 patients (50%). Both groups were similar in baseline characteristics. RRI of ≥ 0.69 on POD 2 predicted AKI (sensitivity 88%; specificity 92%). RRI on the day before AKI diagnosis (0.71 vs. 0.65) and on the day of diagnosis (0.72 vs. 0.65) were significantly increased relative to preoperative baseline.ConclusionsDoppler‐derived RRI is a rapid, non‐invasive, and bedside procedure capable of predicting the occurrence of postoperative AKI in LT recipients.
Awareness of fentanyl exposure and the associated overdose risks among people who inject drugs in a Canadian setting
Authors: Hayashi Kanna , Wood Evan , Dong Huiru , Buxton Jane A. , Fairbairn Nadia , DeBeck Kora , Milloy M.‐J. , Kerr Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIllicitly manufactured fentanyl continues to fuel the opioid overdose crisis throughout the USA and Canada. However, little is known about factors associated with knowingly or unknowingly using fentanyl. Therefore, we sought to identify the prevalence and correlates of suspected/known and unknown exposure to fentanyl (excluding the prescribed one) among people who inject drugs (PWID), including associated overdose risks.MethodsData were derived from three prospective cohort studies of community‐recruited people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada in 2016–2017. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of suspected/known exposure (i.e. urine drug screen positive and self‐reporting past 3‐day exposure) and unknown exposure to fentanyl (i.e. urine drug screen positive and self‐reporting no past three‐day exposure), respectively.ResultsAmong 590 PWID, 296 (50.2%) tested positive for fentanyl. Of those, 143 (48.3%) had suspected/known and 153 (51.7%) had unknown exposure to fentanyl. In multivariable analyses, using supervised injection sites and possessing naloxone were associated with both suspected/known and unknown exposure (all P < 0.05). Injecting drugs alone (adjusted odds ratio 3.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.72–6.16) was associated with known exposure, but not with unknown exposure.Discussion and ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of fentanyl exposure in our sample of PWID, with one half of those exposed consuming fentanyl unknowingly. While those exposed to fentanyl appeared more likely to utilise some overdose prevention services, PWID with suspected/known fentanyl exposure were more likely to inject alone, indicating a need for additional overdose prevention efforts for this group.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with venous thromboembolism and COVID‐19: Analysis of risk factors for death and major bleeding
Authors: Demelo‐Rodríguez Pablo , Ordieres‐Ortega Lucía , Ji Zichen , del Toro‐Cervera Jorge , de Miguel‐Díez Javier , Álvarez‐Sala‐Walther Luis A. , Galeano‐Valle Francisco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 predisposes patients to a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), although the extent of these implications is unclear and the risk of bleeding has been poorly evaluated. To date, no studies have reported long‐term outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and VTE.MethodProspective observational study to evaluate long‐term (90 days or more) outcomes of patients diagnosed with VTE (PE, DVT of the extremities, or both) in the setting of COVID‐19. The main outcome of the study was a compound of major bleeding and death.ResultsThe study comprised 100 patients (mean age 65 ± 13.9 years). At the time of VTE diagnosis, 66% patients were hospitalized, 34.8% of them in the ICU. Mean follow‐up was 97.9 ± 23.3 days. During the study period, 24% patients died and median time to death was 12 (IQR: 2.25‐20.75) days, 11% patients had major bleeding and median time to event was 12 (IQR: 5‐16) days. The cause of death was PE in 5% and bleeding in 2% of patients. There were no VTE recurrences. The main study outcome occurred in 29% patients. Risk of death or major bleeding was independently associated with ICU admission (HR 12.2; 95% CI 3.0‐48.3), thrombocytopenia (HR 4.5; 95% CI 1.2‐16.5), and cancer (HR 21.6; 95% CI 1.8‐259).ConclusionIn patients with COVID‐19 and VTE, mortality and major bleeding were high and almost a third of deaths were VTE‐related. The majority of complications occurred in the first 30 days. ICU admission, thrombocytopenia, and cancer are risk factors for poor prognosis.
Anger and its desires
Authors: Silva Laura 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe orthodox view of anger takes desires for revenge or retribution to be central to the emotion. In this paper, I develop an empirically informed challenge to the retributive view of anger. In so doing, I argue that a distinct desire is central to anger: a desire for recognition. Desires for recognition aim at the targets of anger acknowledging the wrong they have committed, as opposed to aiming for their suffering. In light of the centrality of this desire for recognition, I argue that the retributive view of anger should be abandoned. I consider and dismiss two types of moves that can be made on the part of a proponent of the orthodox view in response to my argument. I propose that a pluralist view, which allows for both retribution and recognition in anger, is to be preferred.
Saturation effect on the distribution of rill detachment rate
Authors: Huang Yuhan , Wang Wei , Lei Tingwu , Li Fahu , Li Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetachment rate in rill erosion is an important indicator of soil erosion speed and serves as the basis for estimation of soil erosion using the process‐oriented model. Rill detachment rates on saturated soil slopes were numerically calculated from the dataset of the rill erosion process. The datasets of sediment concentrations were obtained from laboratory experiments, along saturated soil rills 1, 2, 4 and 8 m under slope gradients of 5°, 10°, 15° and 20° and flow rates of 2, 4 and 8 L min−1, and were used to compute rill detachment rates through a numerical algorithm. The resulting rill detachment rates on saturated soil slopes ranged from 0.006 to 0.994 kg m−2 s−1. Exponential functions fitted well the rill detachment rates with rill lengths, whereas linear functions fitted well those with sediment concentrations. The rill detachment rate patterns of saturated soil slopes exhibited similar rill erosion–sediment concepts to those of non‐saturated soil slopes. However, saturated soil slopes were detached considerably faster than the non‐saturated soil slopes. Detachment rates of saturated soil rills were initially and considerably more rapid and decreased faster with rill length than those of non‐saturated soil rills. The saturated soil rills detached 1.627 to 2.246 times the sediments of the non‐saturated soil rills. This phenomenon indicates that faster rill detachments in saturated soil rills make sediment loads in water approach the sediment transport capacities faster than those in non‐saturated soil rills. The computed detachment rates and the functional relationships in this work can provide a basis for determining rill erosion model parameters on saturated soil slopes.Highlights
Detachment rate of saturated rill can be computed similarly to non‐saturated rill.
Rill detachment rate is well correlated to sediment concentration and rill length.
Soil particles in saturated rill are detached considerably faster than non‐saturated rill.
Elevated blood purine levels as a biomarker of seizures and epilepsy
Authors: Beamer Edward , Lacey Austin , Alves Mariana , Conte Giorgia , Tian Faming , de Diego‐Garcia Laura , Khalil Mohamed , Rosenow Felix , Delanty Norman , Dale Nicholas , El‐Naggar Hany , Henshall David C. , Engel Tobias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is a major unmet need for a molecular biomarker of seizures or epilepsy that lends itself to fast, affordable detection in an easy‐to‐use point‐of‐care device. Purines such as adenosine triphosphate and adenosine are potent neuromodulators released during excessive neuronal activity that are also present in biofluids. Their biomarker potential for seizures and epilepsy in peripheral blood has, however, not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether blood purine nucleoside measurements can serve as a biomarker for the recent occurrence of seizures and to support the diagnosis of epilepsy.MethodsBlood purine concentrations were measured via a point‐of‐care diagnostic technology based on the summated electrochemical detection of adenosine and adenosine breakdown products (inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine; SMARTChip). Measurements of blood purine concentrations were carried out using samples from mice subjected to intra‐amygdala kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus and in video‐electroencephalogram (EEG)‐monitored adult patients with epilepsy.ResultsIn mice, blood purine concentrations were rapidly increased approximately two‐ to threefold after status epilepticus (2.32 ± .40 µmol·L–1 [control] vs. 8.93 ± 1.03 µmol·L–1 [after status epilepticus]), and levels correlated with seizure burden and postseizure neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Blood purine concentrations were also elevated in patients with video‐EEG‐diagnosed epilepsy (2.39 ± .34 µmol·L–1 [control, n = 13] vs. 4.35 ± .38 µmol·L–1 [epilepsy, n = 26]).SignificanceOur data provide proof of concept that the measurement of blood purine concentrations may offer a rapid, low‐volume bedside test to support the diagnosis of seizures and epilepsy.