bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vino viejo en botellas nuevas: un problema con la epistemología constructivista
Authors: Matthews M. R. 
Published: June 2021

This article deats with what the autor regards as a fatal epistemological error in the constructivist doctrine: its theory maintains the Aristotelian -empiricist epistemological paradigm. However, good constructivist pedagogy could be rescued from the deficient theory that parented it if we made a clear distinction between real and theoretical objects; and knowledge is recognised as a process of intellectual production working with real objects that have been described, apprehended, or incorporated by a theoretical object.
Contribuições de Gaston Bachelard ao ensino de ciências
Authors: Lopes A. R. C. 
Published: June 2021

Starting from an analysis on Gaston Bachelard's epistemological work, a survey is made of his conceptions on the teaching -learning process in the physical sciences, with special emphasis on Chemistry. which is so frequently rejected by the students, for it is presented as a set of superposed facts devoid of rational coherence. Accomplising the criticism of continuous course of scientific history and structuring the psychoanalytical basis of the objective knowledge, Bachelard offers subsidies to the inquiries into the teacher, the student and the school roles, into teaching methods and into didatic books.
Ideas previas en la Botánica
Authors: Mateos Jiménez A. 
Published: June 2021

We have found the same kind of botanical preconcepts among students of 8th EGB and students of theTeacher-training School from Toledo. if students have studied sciences the previous years these preconcepts seem less abundant. The most widespread is that pine -cone is the fruit of pir.es trees. Other beliefs are referred to flowers, trees, potatoes, fruits and seeds.
Enfoques de investigación en problemas verbales aritméticos aditivos
Authors: Castro Martínez E. , Rico Romero Luis , Gil Cuadra Francisco 
Published: June 2021

A main field in the current research in Mathematics Education is the work with arithmetical word problem solving, which is both interesting and useful. There is ample previous work on this topic and it has received a very systematic treatment from different focuses. Researchers getting involved in this field need to know previous works and current focuses to clarify their research goals. In this study we offer a review about previous research done on difficulties with arithmetical word problems.
Diseño y aplicación de una escala de actitudes hacia el estudio de las Ciencias Experimentales
Authors: Ortega Ruiz P. , Saura Soler J. P. , Mínguez Vallejos R. 
Published: June 2021

This work presents a design for a scale of attitudes when studying Experimental Sciences. We describe the process of elaboration and its application in two secondary schools, as well as the analysis of the obtained results.
Cambio conceptual y metodológico en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la evolución de los seres vivos. Un ejemplo concreto
Authors: Gené A. 
Published: June 2021

In this work we developed and assessed the efficiency of a didactic lesson based on the science teaching learning paradigm as a conceptual, methodological and attitudinal change. For this purpose we chose the topic of the evolution of living beings through natural selection.
Gli atteggiamenti degli insegnanti di scuola elementare nelle scienze biologico-naturalistiche
Authors: Tonucci F. , Consoli V. , Di giovanni I. , Messina A. , Rusca G. , Nardis E. de , Primucci P. 
Published: June 2021

This paper stresses the need of coherence between the science teachers training and the emergent constructivist model of science learning.
Análisis de la influencia de la construcción de mapas conceptuales sobre la estructura cognitiva en estudiantes de física
Authors: López Rupérez F. 
Published: June 2021

In this work we investigated the effect of systematic hierarchical concept mapping by students in a COU (High School) Physics class on their cognitive structure. The results show no statistically significant influence of the treatment, but rather of personal study habits on the number of response words. The results are discussed and constraints to the research procedure used are discussed.
Síntesis evolutiva de investigaciones en enseñanza de ciencias
Authors: Pessoa de Carvalho Ana M. , Laburu C. E. , Da Silva D. , Mortimer E. , Garrido E. , Trivelato J. , Bechara L. 
Published: June 2021

In this article, the working team, linked to Sao Paulo University, analizes the works of research that it is presently carrying out and displays its projects for the future. The works of research are made under two complementary lines: on the one hand, the thought in children and adolescents and, on the other, the evaluation of teaching methodologies embodying results of the first line of research in their design that are based on constructivist proposals.
Vídeos didácticos de física y química
Authors: Mas F. , Paniagua Juan Carlos , Vilaseca E. , Barbosa Torralbo José 
Published: June 2021

The spectacular development of audiovisual techniques in the last few years has provided a wealth of pedagogical resources which are clearly underexploited. The aim of this work was to improve this situation by making available resources known to teachers. For this purpose we compiled a catalogue of video tapes and films of use in teaching Physics and Chemistry to university students. The catalogue is available in two formats: as a printed list and as an easy- to -use computer -retrievable hypertext.
Fuentes de tensión en el ejercicio profesional del profesor de Ciencias
Authors: Latorre Latorre Ángel , Fortes del Valle Mª C. , Serra Desfilis E. 
Published: June 2021

The main aim of this article is to present a conceptualization. of the causes of stress in teachers, based on a review of recent investigation concerning this subject and stating the importance of the working conditions, interpersonal relations, personal development, initial and continual formation and relations with society as causes of stress. A mention is made of how small the incidence of stress is on science teachers compared to their companions of other subjects.
Diferenciación de los conceptos de masa, volumen y densidad en los alumnos de BUP, mediante estrategias de cambio conceptual y metodológico
Authors: Bullejos de la Higuera J. , Sampedro Villasan C. 
Published: June 2021

In this paper the results of an experimental study about the differentiation of the concept, of mass (or weight), volume and density among Secondary Students, are shown. Instruction using methodological and conceptual change strategies on learning those concepts seems to be a more effective way to reach an accurate level of differentiation for those concepts.
La resolución de problemas y la educación matemática. Hacia una mayor interrelación entre investigación y desarrollo curricular
Authors: Arrieta Gallastegui J. J. 
Published: June 2021

Mathematical Problem Solving is analysed from a position which attempts to study its implications for curricular development in mathematics. The analysis begins by inquiring the assumption of Problem Solving as the axis to develop this work while recognizing its currently relevance and the necessity of an increasing interconnection between research and curricular development in this field. Such interconnection can be seen in the recent works of many researchers and it determines the so-called «postpiagetian paradigm». From the author's perspective, the studies of addition and subtraction problems represent a domain in which this paradigm is well exemplified and from which we can learn a lot to improve both the curriculum and the teacher's training.
La enseñanza de los modelos sobre la naturaleza de la luz
Authors: Beléndez A. , Pascual I. , Rosado L. 
Published: June 2021

Contemporary ideas on science learning is useful to avoid the failure of traditional teaching related to preconcepts or conceptual errors in both students and teachers. In this context the student is introduced to the study of light through the knowledge of the different models or theories which explain the phenomena of light. The different teaching levels are born in mind so as to follow a process of both conceptual and methodological change.
Modelos de partículas en la iniciación a las ciencias físicas
Authors: Meheut M. , Larcher C. , Chomat A. 
Published: June 2021

First notions about structure of matter are taught in various curricula at the beginning of secondary school. Is it possible with these notions to build explicative and predictive models? What activities can we offer to the students in order to build and use models? We present here two examples of pedagogical approaches and the main directions we have chosen for teaching experiment with students, aged 13-14.
Interpretación de las reacciones de oxidación-reducción por los estudiantes. Primeros resultados
Authors: Bueso A. , Furió-Mas Carles , Mans i Teixidó Claudi 
Published: June 2021

This paper shows a survey on the interpretations given by students to the oxidation —reduction reactions. The research tried to check whether by the end of secondary schools studies the subjects had reached the understanding of such reactions as processes where an electronic interchange in the reacting chemical takes place.
Dos metodologías activas comparadas en el estudio de conceptos químicos en 8º de EGB
Authors: Palacios Gómez C. , Muñoz Navas P. , Gómez Martín J. C. 
Published: June 2021

This study compares two methodologies, one based on guided discovery and the other on the use of expositive techniques. The comparison was based on: the acquisition of skills and scientific knowledge and how long these skills and knowledge are maintained; the influence of initial scientific skills and knowledge in new acquisitions; the opinion of the students and professors on both methodologies. The results make evident the validity of both methods, even when the suitability of each one is postulated, depending on the type of level institution where it is applied.
Autocontrol y comportamiento: efectividad de las técnicas autoinstruccionales en el aprendizaje de las operaciones aritméticas
Authors: Comas Mongay M. D. 
Published: June 2021

This experiment was designed to research the efficacy of self -instructional variables to improve performance in solving easy arithmetic problems. Children, boys and girls, six and seven years old, studying first school year of E.G.B., were used. The results, as a whole, tell us that training in self -instructional techniques significantly affects the dependent variable, decreasing the number of mistakes pupils make in arithmetical operations. It is appropriate to underline the group verbalizing the addition, which got the most significant reduction. These results, which confirm the findings of other authors, show the possibility of applying Cognitive-conductual techniques in the school frame.
Pensamiento formal y rendimiento en física. Análisis de la validez del test de Longeot por referencia a tests de rendimiento
Authors: López Rupérez F. , Palacios Gómez C. , Brincones Calvo Isabel , Garrote Flores R. , Sánchez González J. 
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the influence of psychological factors, such as general fluid intelligence, measured by Rayen Progressive Matrices Test, or cognitive development measured by Longeot test, on the achievement in a High School Physics course. A previously analyzed set of five different tests with twenty five items, multiple-choice each, was used. The convergent validity and the predictive power of the Longeot test in relation to physics tests was examined. Finally, the implications for Physics teaching are discussed.
Resolución de problemas de Química y estructura cognoscitiva
Authors: Kempa R. F. 
Published: June 2021

This paper introduces a research about the causes of students incapability to solve successfully questions typical from chemistry testing. The relationship between cognitive maps of good and poor solvers and their answers is studied. The results obteined when studying the influence of the level of information supplied by the declaration of a problem over its level of facility is offered.
Establecimiento de las líneas de investigación prioritarias en la didáctica de las ciencias y las matemáticas
Authors: Caballer Senabre Mª Jesús , Carrascosa Alís Jaime , Puig Espinosa L. 
Published: June 2021

An attempt to find the research trends regarded as fundamental in science and mathematics education by the Teachers in this country is described. The results obtained in Biology, Physics and Chemistry and Mathematics are analyzed.
Enseñanza por diagnóstico : algunos problemas sobre los números enteros
Authors: Bell A. 
Published: June 2021

The method of diagnostic teaching involves in the first place studying the pupils' understanding of the tapie in question, identifying errors and the misconceptions underlying them; then designing teaching in which the misconceptions are exposed and resolved through conflict -discussion. This article will report experiments covering both the testing and the teaching phases on the topic of directed quantities.
Enseñanza de la Geometría y didáctica genética
Authors: Núñez i Espallargas Josep M. 
Published: June 2021

In this article, after discussing basic directions of the so-called genetical didactics, we speak in favour of a type of elementary geometry teaching which can balance strictly formal requirements with psychopedagogical ones. The important contributions which genetical didactics may offer to that teaching, whenever applied in a critical realistic way, are also outlined.
Evolución y nuevas tendencias en los trabajos sobre didáctica de las ciencias experimentales. Revisión del año 1984
Authors: Mata A. , Anta C. 
Published: June 2021

Trends in teaching innovation are presented, according to a bibliometric analy,sis of Spanish bibliography in 1984 about new teaching methods in experimental sciences. Occurrence points, teaching levels and topics in which innovations and new methods are being carried are shown.
La influencia del examen de selectividad en la enseñanza, (Análisis de una experiencia en Matemáticas de COU)
Authors: Goberna M. A. , López M. A. , Pastor J. 
Published: June 2021

Through the design of two tests —objective test and essay— we study, in an experimental way and using linear statistic patterns, the influence on the final marks of the subject Mathematics in COU, which might have the university entrance test. An esential role is played by the educational objectives.
Proyecto de enseñanza individualizada de ciencias experimentales (PEICE). Análisis de una experiencia
Authors: López Rupérez F. , Brincones Calvo Isabel , Garrote Flores R. , Palacios C. , Santin C. , Toves M. D. 
Published: June 2021

The obvious heterogenity of the students in the first Physics and Chemistry course of our Secondary Education and the poor achievements obtained in our country makes it desirable to look for solutions which can influence the learning conditions in a positive way. This paper shows an approach to a individualized Instruction that is compatible with the graduate school model and, therefore, applicable in ordinary conditions. The evaluation of the innovation has been made by means of an experimental design that includes, among others, covariance and regression analysis procedures. Finally, the results obtained are disussed.
Sobre el movimiento de un conductor en un campo magnético
Authors: Aranda i Oliveras Jaume 
Published: June 2021

The classical example of a conductor that moves on metal rails linked at one end in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is explained in many Physics books, An implied simplification, view can lead to misleading conclusions, is generally made whenever the problem is studied from the point of wiew of the Lorentz force even in many famous Physics books. The conventional explanation is fully commented on in this article and the phenomenon is analysed from a dynamic and energetic point of view.
Estudio del nivel operatorio de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Dibar Ure María Celia , Queiroz Gloria 
Published: June 2021

The shadows task proposed by J. Piaget was chosen, after preliminary interviews, to study the level of congnitive operations of university freshmen at Universidad Federal Fluminense, Brazil. We interviewed 82 students of engineering, chemistry and physics using clinical, individual interviews. We discuss the results and possible applications to the teaching of physics at this level.
Una consideración histórico-didáctica de matemática elemental
Authors: Aznar Garcia J. V. 
Published: June 2021

This paper is a description and a critical study to the work signed by Ventura Reyes Prosper (1863-1922) in the Archivo de Matemáticas Puras y Aplicadas, «A new demonstration of the trigonometrical formulae of an angle equal to addition or substraction of two angles » claiming the applications of the Matematics History of M. to critical education.
Design and Engineering Aspects of Free-Standing Masts and Wingmasts
Authors: Sponberg Eric W. 
Published: June 2021

Since their appearance in the mid-1970's, free-standing masts and wing masts have become available on a number of production and custom sailboat designs. Being made primarily of composite materials, their engineering; and development is complex and subject to much trial and error. Yet practically nothing; of this development has been written down out­side of what the various manufacturers have recorded for themselves.
This paper outlines the basic criteria for free-standing; mast and wing­mast engineering; and design, discuses current rig arrangements, materials and manufacturing methods, and gives two design examples. Weaknesses in the engineering; process are also delineated, and guidelines are given for future research which could eliminate those weaknesses.
Distributed Skills in Camel Herding. Cooperation in a Human-Animal Relationship in Somaliland
Authors: Schwere Raphael 
Published: June 2021

This article examines interspecies cooperation in camel herding in Somaliland. It presents the case of a particular joint activity in this task-scape: moving a camel herd, by leading and driving it, from the night-camp to the daytime grazing area and back. The analytical aim is to clarify the role that skills and nonhuman agency play in the constitution of cooperative human-camel relationships. On the basis of empirical data, collected in a multispecies ethnographic project by following and observing one herd and herder closely, this article demonstrates how nonhuman agency, as an individual capacity to engage in an activity and an epistemological potential, manifests in this human-camel cooperative task. Cooperation is made possible through human-camel sociality and intersubjectivity, through the ability to interpret and respond to each other, and it depends on the empathetic acknowledgement of the enabling or disabling powers of each counterpart, her or his agency. Leading and driving camels is a skilled practice requiring the responding and enabling capacities of the cooperation partner. Hence, it is a case of distributed skills – distributed in the sense that skills of humans and nonhumans are intertwined in this practice, that they complement each other.
Characterization of the gut microbiota in Chinese children with overweight and obesity using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Zhang Dawei , Sun Haixiang , Jiang Fei , Shen Yan , Wei Pingmin , Shen Xiaobing 
Published: June 2021

Background
Childhood obesity constitutes a worldwide health problem, and the gut microbiota play extremely important roles in obesity. Herein, we aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in children of normal weight, overweight, and obesity.

Methods
Thirty children of normal weight, 35 who were overweight, and 35 with obesity were enrolled from Nanjing, China. We isolated DNA from fecal samples, and employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the diversity and composition of gut microbiota.

Results
The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers exhibited a reduction in the gut microbiota abundance with the increase in the body weight. Alpha diversity analysis revealed a sharp decrease in the mean microbial abundance among the three groups (Chao1: F = 5.478, P = 0.006; observed species: F = 7.271, P = 0.001; PD whole tree: F = 8.735, P < 0.001). Beta diversity analysis indicated notable differences in the gut microbial composition between children of normal weight and obesity. However, overweight children had little difference in gut microbiota compared to either children of normal weight or obesity. At the genus level, Oscillospira decreased among the three groups (χ2 = 10.062, P = 0.001), and Sutterella increased (F = 4.052, P = 0.020). There were many remarkably increased species of gut bacteria in the comparison among three groups, 31 in the normal weight group, 32 in the obese group, and only three species of bacteria were identified in the overweight group. These significantly increased species of gut bacteria may have a close relationship with the progression of obesity.

Conclusions
The abundance of species decreased significantly as the BMI increased. Although the gut microbial composition between children of normal weight and obesity was notably different, due to the changing ratio of some microbial communities, gut microbiota in overweight children showed similarities to that of children with normal weight and obesity.
Unsupervised learning of satellite images enhances discovery of late Miocene fossil sites in the Urema Rift, Gorongosa, Mozambique
Authors: d’Oliveira Coelho João , Anemone Robert L. , Carvalho Susana 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPaleoanthropological research focus still devotes most resources to areas generally known to be fossil rich instead of a strategy that first maps and identifies possible fossil sites in a given region. This leads to the paradoxical task of planning paleontological campaigns without knowing the true extent and likely potential of each fossil site and, hence, how to optimize the investment of time and resources. Yet to answer key questions in hominin evolution, paleoanthropologists must engage in fieldwork that targets substantial temporal and geographical gaps in the fossil record. How can the risk of potentially unsuccessful surveys be minimized, while maximizing the potential for successful surveys?MethodsHere we present a simple and effective solution for finding fossil sites based on clustering by unsupervised learning of satellite images with thek-means algorithm and pioneer its testing in the Urema Rift, the southern termination of the East African Rift System (EARS). We focus on a relatively unknown time period critical for understanding African apes and early hominin evolution, the early part of the late Miocene, in an overlooked area of southeastern Africa, in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. This clustering approach highlighted priority targets for prospecting that represented only 4.49% of the total area analysed.ResultsApplying this method, four new fossil sites were discovered in the area, and results show an 85% accuracy in a binary classification. This indicates the high potential of a remote sensing tool for exploratory paleontological surveys by enhancing the discovery of productive fossiliferous deposits. The relative importance of spectral bands for clustering was also determined using the random forest algorithm, and near-infrared was the most important variable for fossil site detection, followed by other infrared variables. Bands in the visible spectrum performed the worst and are not likely indicators of fossil sites.DiscussionWe show that unsupervised learning is a useful tool for locating new fossil sites in relatively unexplored regions. Additionally, it can be used to target specific gaps in the fossil record and to increase the sample of fossil sites. In Gorongosa, the discovery of the first estuarine coastal forests of the EARS fills an important paleobiogeographic gap of Africa. These new sites will be key for testing hypotheses of primate evolution in such environmental settings.