bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China
Authors: Xu Tianyang , Zhang Shuai , Liu Yi , Ma Lan , Li Xiaoqian , Zhang Yaxin , Fan Yinjun , Song DunLun , Gao Xiwu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe wheat aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion miscanthi, are serious agricultural insect pests of many crops. Neonicotinoid insecticides are commonly used as alternatives to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides for controlling wheat aphids.RESULTSLong‐term monitoring of resistance to imidacloprid and acetamiprid in R. padi and S. miscanthi was carried out between 2007 and 2019. For this study, 344 specimens of the two wheat aphids were collected from field populations found in the main wheat production areas in China, from 2007 to 2019. In R. padi, the fluctuation in resistance was 14.7 times for imidacloprid and 1.4 times for acetamiprid; in S. miscanthi, it was 9.7 times for imidacloprid and 6.5 times for acetamiprid.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrated that both R. padi and S. miscanthi tended to have higher resistance to imidacloprid compared with acetamiprid. However, it is difficult for wheat aphids to develop a high level of neonicotinoid resistance given the pest control practices used in China. These results should be useful for the biorational application and resistance management of neonicotinoid insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Opting out of neighbourhood schools: The role of local education markets in student mobility
Authors: Scandurra Rosario , Zancajo Adrián , Bonal Xavier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOpen enrolment policies assume that students living in disadvantaged areas can access better schools outside their neighbourhood. However, characteristics of individuals, quality of schooling and neighbourhood characteristics interact in very complex ways to produce heterogeneous patterns of school choice in local educational markets. This article analyses how the geography of educational opportunities, the socioeconomic background of students' families and the characteristics of their residential areas, impact on the travel‐to‐school distance in Barcelona. Based on a unique data set of school and student registers from Barcelona's local education authority, our study shows that distances travelled by students with the same social background vary depending on the characteristics of educational supply and the income of the neighbourhood. While socially advantaged students tend to travel longer distances than their peers from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, geographical and educational factors mediate to produce high heterogeneity in mobility patterns. Our findings cast doubt on the supposed virtue of school choice to reduce education inequalities and underline the need to consider the diversity of local microeducation markets in policymaking and planning.
Exploring the impact of depopulation on a country's population geography: Lessons learned from Japan
Authors: Inoue Takashi , Koike Shiro , Yamauchi Masakazu , Ishikawa Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe total population of Japan reached its peak in 2008 and has since experienced population decline. This trend has had a profound effect on many of the country's spheres of activity. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review the existing literature, mainly published since the peak year, through the perspective of the impact of Japan's depopulation on its population geography and to present future research issues based on the obtained findings. Consequently, three new research issues are presented as the lessons learned from the country. First, since the population decline of a country is a very serious problem, population geographers need to devote much more attention to this issue. Second, new analytical methods suitable for examining depopulation need to be developed carefully but actively. Third, population geographers should proactively state policy implications based on research findings associated with population decline. This is a great opportunity to improve the position of the sub‐discipline in the countries whose populations have already started or are about to decline.
Accounting for unequal cluster sizes in designing cluster randomized trials to detect treatment effect heterogeneity
Authors: Tong Guangyu , Esserman Denise , Li Fan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnequal cluster sizes are common in cluster randomized trials (CRTs). While there are a number of previous investigations studying the impact of unequal cluster sizes on the power for testing the average treatment effect in CRTs, little is known about the impact of unequal cluster sizes on the power for testing the heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) in CRTs. In this work, we expand the sample size procedures for studying HTE in CRTs to accommodate cluster size variation under the linear mixed model framework. Through analytical derivation and graphical exploration, we show that the sample size for the HTE with an individual‐level effect modifier is less affected by unequal cluster sizes than with a cluster‐level effect modifier. The impact of cluster size variability jointly depends on the mean and coefficient of variation of cluster sizes, covariate intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the conditional outcome ICC. In addition, we demonstrate that the HTE‐motivated analysis of covariance framework can be used for analyzing the average treatment effect, and offer a more efficient sample size procedure for studying the average treatment effect adjusting for the effect modifier. We use simulations to confirm the accuracy of the proposed sample size procedures for both the average treatment effect and HTE in CRTs. Extensions to multivariate effect modifiers are provided and our procedure is illustrated in the context of the Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders trial.
Phase‐Controlled Synthesis and Quasi‐Static Dielectric Resonances in Silver Iron Sulfide (AgFeS2) Nanocrystals
Authors: Lee Soohyung , Hoyer Chad E. , Liao Can , Li Xiaosong , Holmberg Vincent C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTernary metal‐chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals are an attractive class of materials due to their tunable optoelectronic properties that result from a wide range of compositional flexibility and structural diversity. Here, the phase‐controlled synthesis of colloidal silver iron sulfide (AgFeS2) nanocrystals is reported and their resonant light–matter interactions are investigated. The product composition can be shifted selectively from tetragonal to orthorhombic by simply adjusting the coordinating ligand concentration, while keeping the other reaction parameters unchanged. The results show that excess ligands impact precursor reactivity, and consequently the nanocrystal growth rate, thus deterministically dictating the resulting crystal structure. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the strong ultraviolet‐visible extinction peak exhibited by AgFeS2 nanocrystals is a consequence of a quasi‐static dielectric resonance (DR), analogous to the optical response observed in CuFeS2 nanocrystals. Spectroscopic studies and computational calculations confirm that a negative permittivity at ultraviolet/visible frequencies arises due to the electronic structure of these intermediate‐band (IB) semiconductor nanocrystals, resulting in a DR consisting of resonant valence‐band‐to‐intermediate‐band excitations, as opposed to the well‐known localized surface plasmon resonance response typically observed in metallic nanostructures. Overall, these results expand the current library of an underexplored class of IB semiconductors with unique optical properties, and also enrich the understanding of DRs in ternary metal‐iron‐sulfide nanomaterials.
Emerging Phases of Layered Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Wang Ping , Yang Yang , Pan Er , Liu Fucai , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Zhou Jiadong , Liu Zheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLayered metal chalcogenides, as a “rich” family of 2D materials, have attracted increasing research interest due to the abundant choices of materials with diverse structures and rich electronic characteristics. Although the common metal chalcogenide phases such as 2H and 1T have been intensively studied, many other unusual phases are rarely explored, and some of these show fascinating behaviors including superconductivity, ferroelectrics, ferromagnetism, etc. From this perspective, the unusual phases of metal chalcogenides and their characteristics, as well as potential applications are introduced. First, the unusual phases of metal chalcogenides from different classes, including transition metal dichalcogenides, magnetic element‐based chalcogenides, and metal phosphorus chalcogenides, are discussed, respectively. Meanwhile, their excellent properties of different unusual phases are introduced. Then, the methods for producing the unusual phases are discussed, specifically, the stabilization strategies during the chemical vapor deposition process for the unusual phase growth are discussed, followed by an outlook and discussions on how to prepare the unusual phase metal dichalcogenides in terms of synthetic methodology and potential applications.
Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal‐Enabled Stabilization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets
Authors: Lee Hyeokjung , Han Hyowon , Park Chanho , Oh Jin Woo , Kim Hong Hee , Kim Sohee , Koo Min , Choi Won Kook , Park Cheolmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets exfoliated in the liquid phase are of significant interest owing to their potential for scalable and flexible photoelectronic applications. Although various dispersants such as surfactants, oligomers, and polymers are used to obtain highly exfoliated TMD nanosheets, most of them are electrically insulating and need to be removed; otherwise, the photoelectric properties of the TMD nanosheets degrade. Here, inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) are presented as non‐destructive dispersants capable of dispersing TMD nanosheets in the liquid phase and enhancing the photodetection properties of the nanosheets, thus eliminating the need to remove the dispersant. MoSe2 nanosheets dispersed in the liquid phase are adsorbed with CsPbCl3 NCs. The CsPbCl3 nanocrystals on MoSe2 efficiently withdraw electrons from the nanosheets, and suppress the dark current of the MoSe2 nanosheets, leading to flexible near‐infrared MoSe2 photodetectors with a high ON/OFF photocurrent ratio and detectivity. Moreover, lanthanide ion‐doped CsPbCl3 NCs enhance the ON/OFF current ratio to >106. Meanwhile, the dispersion stability of the MoSe2 nanosheets exfoliated with the perovskite NCs is sufficiently high.
Multi‐Emission from Single Metal–Organic Frameworks under Single Excitation
Authors: Yin Hua‐Qing , Yin Xue‐Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMulti‐emission materials have come to prominent attention ascribed to their extended applications other than single‐emission ones. General and robust design strategies of a single matrix with multi‐emission under single excitation are urgently required. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials prepared with organic ligands and metal nodes. The variety of metal nodes and ligands makes MOFs with great superiority as multi‐emission matrices. Guest species encapsulated into the channels or pores of MOFs are the additional emission sites for multi‐emission. In this review, multi‐emission MOFs according to the different excitation sites are summarized and classified. The emission mechanisms are discussed, such as antenna effect, excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and tautomerism for dual‐emission. The factors that affect the emissions are revealed, including ligand–metal energy transfer and host–guest interaction, etc. Multi‐emission MOFs could be predictably designed and prepared, once the emissive factors are controlled rationally in combination with the different multi‐emission mechanisms. Correspondingly, new and practical applications are realized, including but not limited to ratiometric/multi‐target sensing and bioimaging, white light–emitting diodes, and anti‐counterfeiting. The design strategies of multi‐emission MOFs and their extensive applications are reviewed. The results will shed light on other multi‐emission systems to develop the structure‐derived functionality and applications.
High Oxide‐Ion Conductivity in a Hexagonal Perovskite‐Related Oxide Ba7Ta3.7Mo1.3O20.15 with Cation Site Preference and Interstitial Oxide Ions
Authors: Murakami Taito , Shibata Toshiya , Yasui Yuta , Fujii Kotaro , Hester James R. , Yashima Masatomo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolid oxide‐ion conductors are crucial for enabling clean and efficient energy devices such as solid oxide fuel cells. Hexagonal perovskite‐related oxides have been placed at the forefront of high‐performance oxide‐ion conductors, with Ba7Nb4−xMo1+xO20+x/2 (x = 0−0.1) being an archetypal example. Herein, high oxide‐ion conductivity and stability under reducing conditions in Ba7Ta3.7Mo1.3O20.15 are reported by investigating the solid solutions Ba7Ta4–xMo1+xO20+x/2 (x = 0.2−0.7). Neutron diffraction indicates a large number of interstitial oxide ions in Ba7Ta3.7Mo1.3O20.15, leading to a high level of oxide‐ion conductivity (e.g., 1.08 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 377 °C). The conductivity of Ba7Ta3.7Mo1.3O20.15 is higher than that of Ba7Nb4MoO20 and conventional yttria‐stabilized zirconia. In contrast to Ba7Nb4−xMo1+xO20+x/2 (x = 0−0.1), the oxide‐ion conduction in Ba7Ta3.7Mo1.3O20.15 is dominant even in highly reducing atmospheres (e.g., oxygen partial pressure of 1.6 × 10−24 atm at 909 °C). From structural analyses of the synchrotron X‐ray diffraction data for Ba7Ta3.7Mo1.3O20.15, contrasting X‐ray scattering powers of Ta5+ and Mo6+ allow identification of the preferential occupation of Mo6+ adjacent to the intrinsically oxygen‐deficient layers, as supported by DFT calculations. The high conductivity and chemical and electrical stability in Ba7Ta3.7Mo1.3O20.15 provide a strategy for the development of solid electrolytes based on hexagonal perovskite‐related oxides.
Less‐Energy Consumed Hydrogen Evolution Coupled with Electrocatalytic Removal of Ethanolamine Pollutant in Saline Water over Ni@Ni3S2/CNT Nano‐Heterostructured Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Bin , Liu Jianwen , Feng Renfei , Wang Lei , Zhang Jiujun , Luo Jing‐Li , Fu Xian‐Zhu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnergy crises, environmental pollution, and freshwater deficiency are critical issues on the planet. Electrolytic hydrogen generation from saline water, particularly from salt‐contained hazardous wastewater, is significant to both environment and energy concerns but still challenging due to the high energy cost, severe corrosion, and the absence of competent electrocatalysts. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed for energy‐efficient hydrogen production coupled with electro‐oxidation removal of ethanolamine pollutant in saline water. To achieve this, an active and durable heterostructured electrocatalyst is developed by in situ growing Ni@Ni3S2 core@shell nanoparticles in cross‐linked 3D carbon nanotubes’ (CNTs) network, achieving high dispersibility and metallic property, low packing density, and enriched exposed active sites to facilitate fast electron/mass diffusion. The unique Ni@Ni3S2/CNTs nano‐heterostructures are competent for long‐term stably electro‐oxidizing environmental‐unfriendly ethanolamine at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 in saline water, which not only suppresses oxygen and chloride evolution reactions but also decreases the energy consumption to boost hydrogen production. Associated with experimental results, density functional theory studies indicate that the collaborative adsorption of electrolyte ions and ethanolamine molecules can synergistically modulate the adsorption/desorption properties of catalytic active centers on Ni@Ni3S2/CNTs surface, leading to long‐term stabilized electrocatalysis for efficient ethanolamine oxidation removal and less‐energy hydrogen simultaneous production in saline water.
Validated green micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and sitagliptin phosphate binary mixture in pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Kamal Miranda F. , Morshedy Samir , Saad Dina A. , Moneeb Marwa S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiabetics are liable to fatal atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. It is clinically attributed to their imbalanced plasma lipoproteins. Fixed‐dose combination “polypill” of simvastatin (10 mg) and sitagliptin phosphate (100 mg) is mainly indicated for the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia. Novel green micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and sitagliptin phosphate in binary synthetic mixtures and their pharmaceutical formulation. Separation was achieved using a deactivated fused silica capillary (50 cm effective length × 50 μm id) through a background running electrolyte of 100 mM borate buffer (pH 9.1) and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Diode array detection was set at 238 and 210 nm for simvastatin and sitagliptin phosphate, respectively. All experimental parameters were closely varied and optimized. Both drugs declared good linearities over the range of 10–100 μg/mL. Proposed study was validated according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines. It was applied to the assay of laboratory‐made binary mixtures and marketed tablets. Electrophoretic assay was compared with a reported spectrophotometric one. Satisfactory t‐test and F‐ratio indicated insignificant differences between both methods. Moreover, it is the first capillary electrophoretic simultaneous assay for simvastatin and sitagliptin phosphate, and fits a linear correlation with the green analytical attributes.
Higher-order kinematical effects in deeply virtual Compton scattering
Authors: Guo Yuxun , Ji Xiangdong , Shiells Kyle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the deeply virtual Compton scattering cross-section in twist-two generalized parton distribution (GPD) approximation, and show that different choices of light-cone vectors and gauges for the final photon polarization will lead to different higher-order kinematical corrections to the cross-section formula. The choice of light-cone vectors affects kinematic corrections at the twist-three level, accounting for the differences between the cross-section formulas in the literature. On the other hand, kinematical corrections from higher-twist GPDs should eliminate the light-cone dependence at twist three. Those light-cone dependencies are studied systematically at JLab 12 GeV and future EIC kinematics. They serve as the intrinsic systematic uncertainties in extracting the Compton form factors through the cross-section formula. More importantly, they are also necessary for understanding cross-section measurements with higher-twist precision and to reconstruct higher-order Compton form factors.
Symmetry-resolved entanglement for excited states and two entangling intervals in AdS3/CFT2
Authors: Weisenberger Konstantin , Zhao Suting , Northe Christian , Meyer René 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We test the proposal of [1] for the holographic computation of the charged moments and the resulting symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy in different excited states, as well as for two entangling intervals. Our holographic computations are performed in U(1) Chern-Simons-Einstein-Hilbert gravity, and are confirmed by independent results in a conformal field theory at large central charge. In particular, we consider two classes of excited states, corresponding to charged and uncharged conical defects in AdS3. In the conformal field theory, these states are generated by the insertion of charged and uncharged heavy operators. We employ the monodromy method to calculate the ensuing four-point function between the heavy operators and the twist fields. For the two-interval case, we derive our results on the AdS and the conformal field theory side, respectively, from the generating function method of [1], as well as the vertex operator algebra. In all cases considered, we find equipartition of entanglement between the different charge sectors. We also clarify an aspect of conformal field theories with a large central charge and $$ \hat{\mathfrak{u}}{(1)}_k $$

u
̂

1

k

Kac-Moody symmetry used in our calculations, namely the factorization of the Hilbert space into a gravitational Virasoro sector with large central charge, and a $$ \hat{\mathfrak{u}}{(1)}_k $$

u
̂

1

k

Kac-Moody sector.
Dark matter and lepton flavour phenomenology in a singlet-doublet scotogenic model
Authors: Sarazin Maud , Bernigaud Jordan , Herrmann Björn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the dark matter phenomenology of scotogenic frameworks through a rather illustrative model extending the Standard Model by scalar and fermionic singlets and doublets. Such a setup is phenomenologically attractive since it provides the radiative generation of neutrino masses, while also including viable candidates for cold dark matter. We employ a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to explore the associated parameter space in view of numerous constraints stemming from the Higgs mass, the neutrino sector, dark matter, and lepton-flavour violating processes. After a general discussion of the results, we focus on the case of fermionic dark matter, which remains rather uncovered in the literature so far. We discuss the associated phenomenology and show that in this particular case a rather specific mass spectrum is expected with fermion masses just above 1 TeV. Our study may serve as a guideline for future collider studies.
Hypertetrahedral arrangements
Authors: Colarte-Gómez Liena , Costa Laura , Marchesi Simone , Miró-Roig Rosa M. , Salat-Moltó Marti 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the notion of a complete hypertetrahedral arrangement $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
in $${\mathbb {P}}^{n}$$

P

n

. We address two basic problems. First, we describe the local freeness of $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
in terms of smaller complete hypertetrahedral arrangements and graph theory properties, specializing the Mustaţă–Schenck criterion. As an application, we obtain that general complete hypertetrahedral arrangements are not locally free. In the second part of this paper, we bound the initial degree of the first syzygy module of the Jacobian ideal of $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
.
Automatische Einkommensteuererstattungen zur Entlastung niedriger Einkommen
Authors: Hauck Tobias , Wallossek Luisa 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDeutschland ist eines von mehr als 30 Ländern weltweit, in denen Beschäftigte von der Pflicht zur Abgabe einer Steuererklärung befreit sind. Diese optionale Veranlagung befreit vom Aufwand einer Steuererklärung, hat aber individuelle und verteilungspolitische Kosten, weil Nichtveranlagte häufig zu viel Lohnsteuer bezahlen. Dieser Übereinbehalt führt zu beträchtlichen Abweichungen der effektiven Steuerlast vom Steuertarif, vor allem in niedrigen Einkommensbereichen und insbesondere bei Beschäftigten mit Bruttoarbeitslöhnen unterhalb des Grundfreibetrags. Insgesamt zahlen nichtveranlagte Steuerzahler:innen deutlich zu viel Einkommensteuer — allein im Jahr 2014 mindestens 949 Mio. Euro. Eine automatische Erstattung dieses Übereinbehalts würde vor allem geringe Einkommen entlasten.