bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The microbiome of the habitat‐forming brown alga Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) has similar cross‐Atlantic structure that reflects past and present drivers1
Authors: Capistrant‐Fossa Kyle A. , Morrison Hilary G. , Engelen Aschwin H. , Quigley Charlotte T.C. , Morozov Aleksey , Serrão Ester A. , Brodie Juliet , Gachon Claire M.M. , Badis Yacine , Johnson Ladd E. , Hoarau Galice , Abreu Maria Helena , Tester Patricia A. , Stearns Leigh A. , Brawley Susan H. 
Published: June 2021

Latitudinal diversity gradients have provided many insights into species differentiation and community processes. In the well‐studied intertidal zone, however, little is known about latitudinal diversity in microbiomes associated with habitat‐forming hosts. We investigated microbiomes of Fucus vesiculosus because of deep understanding of this model system and its latitudinally large, cross‐Atlantic range. Given multiple effects of photoperiod, we predicted that cross‐Atlantic microbiomes of the Fucus microbiome would be similar at similar latitudes and correlate with environmental factors. We found that community structure and individual amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) showed distinctive latitudinal distributions, but alpha diversity did not. Latitudinal differentiation was mostly driven by ASVs that were more abundant in cold temperate to subarctic (e.g., Granulosicoccus_t3260, Burkholderia/Caballeronia/Paraburkholderia_t8371) or warm temperate (Pleurocapsa_t10392) latitudes. Their latitudinal distributions correlated with different humidity, tidal heights, and air/sea temperatures, but rarely with irradiance or photoperiod. Many ASVs in potentially symbiotic genera displayed novel phylogenetic biodiversity with differential distributions among tissues and regions, including closely related ASVs with differing north‐south distributions that correlated with Fucus phylogeography. An apparent southern range contraction of F. vesiculosus in the NW Atlantic on the North Carolina coast mimics that recently observed in the NE Atlantic. We suggest cross‐Atlantic microbial structure of F. vesiculosus is related to a combination of past (glacial‐cycle) and contemporary environmental drivers.
Bidirectional learning opportunities: How GP‐supervisors and trainees exchange knowledge
Authors: Welink Lisanne S. , van Charldorp Tessa C. , Di Colandrea Laura , Bartelink Marie‐Louise L. , Pype Peter , Damoiseaux Roger A.M.J. , de Groot Esther 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionWorkplace‐based learning conversations can be a good opportunity for supervisors and trainees to learn from each other. When both professionals discuss their specific knowledge openly with each other, learning conversations may be a useful educational tool, for instance for learning how to apply evidence‐based medicine (EBM) in the workplace. We do, however, need a better understanding of how the exchange of knowledge provides opportunities for such bidirectional learning. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse how trainees and supervisors currently handle bidirectional learning opportunities by describing in detail how supervisors respond to knowledge expressed by trainees during a learning conversation.MethodWe video‐recorded learning conversations between supervisors and trainees in general practice (GP). Within these learning conversations, EBM discussions on medical topics were selected and transcribed. We then identified, analysed using Conversation Analysis (CA) and categorised each expression of knowledge by the trainee and the supervisor's subsequent response.ResultsWe found that when a trainee expresses knowledge during the learning conversation, supervisors either (a) refute the expressed knowledge, (b) immediately suggest an alternative or (c) pose (additional) questions. These responses have consequences for the learning opportunities of both trainee and supervisor: it is only when supervisors pose further questions that trainees are encouraged to elaborate on their knowledge, leading to a bidirectional learning opportunity.DiscussionImproving EBM learning opportunities for both supervisors and trainees requires more than simply instructing trainees to express knowledge‐based—for instance—on recent evidence more often. Inflexible institutional roles related to historical claims of supervisors’ epistemic authority hamper bidirectional learning. Posing open questions during learning conversations enhances the flexibility of institutional roles while also creating bidirectional learning opportunities.
Confidence‐competence alignment and the role of self‐confidence in medical education: A conceptual review
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Chan Teresa M. , Zaver Fareen , Ellaway Rachel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContextThere have been significant advances in competency‐based medical education (CBME) within health professions education. While most of the efforts have focused on competency, less attention has been paid to the role of confidence as a factor in preparing for practice. This paper seeks to address this deficit by exploring the role of confidence and the calibration of confidence with regard to competence.MethodsThis paper presents a conceptual review of confidence and the calibration of confidence in different medical education contexts. Building from an initial literature review, the authors engaged in iterative discussions exploring divergent and convergent perspectives, which were then supplemented with targeted literature reviews. Finally, a stakeholder consultation was conducted to situate and validate the provisional findings.ResultsA series of axioms were developed to guide perceptions and responses to different states of confidence in health professionals: (a) confidence can shape how we act and is optimised when it closely corresponds to reality; (b) self‐confidence is task‐specific, but also inextricably influenced by the individual self‐conceptualisation, the surrounding system and society; (c) confidence is shaped by many external factors and the context of the situation; (d) confidence must be considered in conjunction with competence and (e) the confidence‐competence ratio (CCR) changes over time. It is important to track learners’ CCRs and work with them to maintain balance.ConclusionConfidence is expressed in different ways and is shaped by a variety of modifiers. While CBME primarily focuses on competency, proportional confidence is an integral component in ensuring safe and professional practice. As such, it is important to consider both confidence and competence, as well as their relationship in CBME. The CCR can serve as a key construct in developing mindful and capable health professionals. Future research should evaluate strategies for assessing CCR, identify best practices for teaching confidence and guiding self‐calibration of CCR and explore the role of CCR in continuing professional development for individuals and teams.
The kinetic estimated glomerular filtration rate ratio predicts acute kidney injury
Authors: Christiadi Daniel , Erlich Jonathan , Levy Melissa , Herath Sanjeeva , Qian Jennifer , Boardman Sally , Campbell Craig , Kotwal Sradha , Horvath Andrea R. , Endre Zoltán 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimKinetic estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (KeGFR) approximates GFR under non‐steady‐state conditions. We investigated whether the ratio of KeGFR difference to baseline eGFR could predict acute kidney injury (AKI) earlier than a creatinine‐based algorithm that triggered an AKI electronic Alert (eAlert).MethodsThis retrospective, single‐centre, proof‐of‐concept cohort study assessed all patients diagnosed with AKI by an automated serum creatinine‐based eAlert. The kinetic eGFR, the kinetic eGFR difference from baseline and the ratio of difference to baseline was calculated in subjects with at least two serum creatinine (sCr) measurements within 72 h of AKI.ResultsPatients in the AKI cohort (n = 140) had a significant decline in KeGFR ratio (AKI: 17% IQR 7% to 29%, Non‐AKI: 0 IQR −12% to 9%; P‐value <.0001). A decrease of the ratio greater than 10% predicted AKI with a sensitivity of 66%, a specificity of 77%, a positive predictive value of 63%, and negative predictive value of 80%. The median lead time between KeGFR ratio decrease and AKI was 24 h (IQR: 19–27 h).ConclusionsKeGFR ratio is a cheap, simple method that predicted AKI 24 h before laboratory detection. KeGFR may facilitate triaging patients to increased monitoring or intervention.
Hydraulic‐stomatal coordination in tree seedlings: tight correlation across environments and ontogeny in Acer pseudoplatanus
Authors: Beikircher Barbara , Sack Lawren , Ganthaler Andrea , Losso Adriano , Mayr Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Hydraulic conductance is recognized as a major determinant of gas exchange and productivity. However, whether this also applies to seedlings, a critically important stage for vegetation regeneration, has been largely unknown.

We analyzed the hydraulic and stomatal conductance of leaves and shoots for 6‐wk‐old Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings emerging in different lowland and treeline habitats and under glasshouse conditions, respectively, as well as on 9‐, 15‐ and 18‐wk‐old plants, and related findings to leaf and xylem anatomical traits.

Treeline seedlings had higher leaf area‐specific shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot‐L), and stomatal conductance (gs), associated with wider xylem conduits, lower leaf area and higher stomatal density than lowland and glasshouse‐grown plants. Across the first 18 wk of development, seedlings increased four‐fold in absolute shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot) and declined by half in Kshoot‐L, with correlated shifts in xylem and leaf anatomy. Distal leaves had higher leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and gs compared to basal leaves.

Seedlings show strong variation across growth environments and ontogenetic shifts in hydraulic and anatomical parameters. Across growth sites, ontogenetic stages and leaf orders, gs was tightly correlated with Kshoot‐L and Kleaf, balancing hydraulic supply with demand for the earliest stages of seedling establishment.
Prioritizing actions: spatial action maps for conservation
Authors: Tallis Heather , Fargione Joe , Game Edward , McDonald Rob , Baumgarten Leandro , Bhagabati Nirmal , Cortez Rane , Griscom Bronson , Higgins Jonathan , Kennedy Christina M. , Kiesecker Joe , Kroeger Timm , Leberer Trina , McGowan Jennifer , Mandle Lisa , Masuda Yuta J. , Morrison Scott A. , Palmer Sally , Shirer Rebecca , Shyamsundar Priya , Wolff Nicholas H. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpatial prioritization is a critical step in conservation planning, a process designed to ensure that limited resources are applied in ways that deliver the highest possible returns for biodiversity and human wellbeing. In practice, many spatial prioritizations fall short of their potential by focusing on places rather than actions, and by using data of snapshots of assets or threats rather than estimated impacts. We introduce spatial action mapping as an approach that overcomes these shortfalls. This approach produces a spatially explicit view of where and how much a given conservation action is likely to contribute to achieving stated conservation goals. Through seven case examples, we demonstrate simple to complex versions of how this method can be applied across local to global scales to inform decisions about a wide range of conservation actions and benefits. Spatial action mapping can support major improvements in efficient use of conservation resources and will reach its full potential as the quality of environmental, social, and economic datasets converge and conservation impact evaluations improve.
Use of complementary medicines and lifestyle approaches by people living with dementia: Exploring experiences, motivations and attitudes
Authors: Steiner Genevieve Z. , George Emma S. , Metri Najwa‐Joelle , MacMillan Freya , Dubois Shamieka , Moyle Wendy , Hohenberg Mark I. , Singh Kawaljit , Townsend Camilla , Chang Dennis , Bensoussan Alan , McBride Kate A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLack of effective treatments for chronic conditions is associated with high rates of complementary medicine (CM) use. However, little is known about CM use for dementia.Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences, motivations, and attitudes towards CM use by people living with dementia in an Australian setting.DesignThis study had a qualitative research design; quantitative demographic information was also collected.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with people living with dementia and their caregivers (N = 18). A thematic (inductive) analysis approach was taken to interpret data.ResultsThree in four participants used CM for dementia, spending ~AUD$100/month (USD$70/month). Within three overarching themes, a range of sub‐themes was identified: (1) CM knowledge and use: people living with dementia and caregivers understanding of CM, types of CM used, and CM usage patterns; (2) Self‐determined reasons for use/non‐use: maintain or improve quality of life, hope, management of dementia symptoms, level of awareness, willingness and evidence, perceptions on efficacy and safety of CM, experiences of conventional medicine, and holistic approach to wellness; (3) External determinants of use: information on CM, relationship influences on CM use, and experiences with General Practitioners (GPs) and CM.ConclusionFindings highlight that CM use is widespread and positively viewed by people living with dementia and their caregivers. Decisions regarding CM use were based on personal opinions. Findings have important implications for conversations with health professionals regarding CM use by people living with dementia to improve communication, health literacy, and reduce the risk of adverse effects through polypharmacy.Implications for PracticeThis study showed that CM is a valued approach for dementia management by people living with dementia, their families, and healthcare providers. Future international research is required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these approaches and promote accurate advice in nursing care.
ABA regulation of root growth during soil drying and recovery can involve auxin response
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yuan Wei , Wang Qianwen , Cao Yiying , Xu Feiyun , Dodd Ian C. , Xu Weifeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant adaptation to water deficits, but its role in regulating root growth (primary root elongation and lateral root number) during different drought‐phases remains unclear. Here, we exposed wild‐type (WT) and ABA‐deficient (not) tomato plants to three continuous drought‐phases (moderate drying: day 0–21; severe drying: day 22–47 and re‐watering: day 48–51). It was found that WT increased primary root growth during moderate drying; maintained more lateral roots, and greater primary root and total root length under severe drying; and produced more roots after re‐watering. After RNA‐Seq analysis, we found that the auxin‐related genes in root showed different expression patterns between WT and not under drying or re‐watering. Further, exogenous supply of IAA partially recovered the root growth of ABA‐deficient not plants under three continuous drought‐phases. Our results suggested that ABA regulation of tomato root growth during soil drying and recovery can involve auxin response.
Depositional patterns of slowly plugging neck cutoffs from core analysis and estimates of bedload transport, White River, Arkansas
Authors: Richards Derek , Konsoer Kory , Langendoen Eddy , Ursic Mick , Constantine JosÉ 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeander cutoffs and oxbow lakes are very common features of fluvial landscapes that add complexity and diversity to floodplain alluvial architecture and riverine habitats. Following initial cutoff, sediment accumulates within the entrance and exit of the original bend forming plugs that eventually disconnect the abandoned bend from the main channel. While studies have examined the sedimentology of these plugs once they have fully disconnected from the abandoned bend, fewer studies have detailed the sedimentological processes occurring during the early stages following cutoff initiation. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the importance that planform geometry plays in the evolution of neck cutoffs. This study examines the spatial depositional patterns of two neck cutoffs on the White River in central Arkansas, USA, that remain hydrologically connected to the main channel, providing a unique opportunity to research sedimentological processes before disconnection of the abandoned bend. Sediment cores were collected in key locations of each cutoff, including the entrance and exit of the abandoned bends, abandoned bend apices, and newly developed cutoff bars in the downstream channel. The cores were logged and interpreted and grain‐size analyses were performed. In addition to sediment cores, repeat high‐resolution multibeam echo sounding surveys were conducted roughly four hours apart to estimate bedload transport rates and patterns of bedload routing through each cutoff. Results from this research are different from previous studies. Sediment core results show a pattern of deposition typically associated with lower diversion angle chute cutoffs instead of higher diversion angle neck cutoffs. Previous research has indicated that plugging of abandoned bends drives disconnection from the active channel; however, this research shows that disconnection is more associated with the prevention of sediment from being delivered to the abandoned bends due to flow being pulled away from the abandoned bends and the evolving channel morphology.
Intestinal mucormycosis initially identified by next‐generation sequencing of cell‐free DNA
Authors: Martin‐Blais Rachel , Pathak Saumya , Fitzwater Sean , Dawson David W. , Sisk Anthony E. , Farmer Douglas G. , Venick Robert , Yeganeh Nava 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMucormycosis is a rare fungal infection that typically affects severely immunocompromised individuals, often resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Although early and aggressive intervention is necessary to prevent poor outcomes, diagnosis of this infection remains difficult. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of invasive gastrointestinal mucormycosis initially identified by next‐generation sequencing of cfDNA from the blood, and discuss the various benefits and challenges which come with new molecular diagnostic techniques.
Prevalence and type of ocular disease in a population of aged captive nondomestic felids
Authors: Nguyen Laison , Boorstein Justin , Wynn Elizabeth R. , Welihozkiy Anja , Baldwin Terri , Stine Jessica M. , Miller Michau Tammy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesReport of prevalence and type of ocular disease in a captive population of nondomestic felids.MethodsMedical records of 202 cats from 1993 to 2018 were reviewed. Species, age at diagnosis, sex, ocular examination abnormalities, systemic/physical examination abnormalities, type of examination (visual, sedated, or anesthetized), ocular structures affected, other diagnostics, therapy, and resolution of ocular disease were recorded.ResultsA total of 202 nondomestic felids including 18 different species (bobcat, caracal, cougar, Fishing cat, Geoffroy's cat, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, leopard cat, liger, lion, lynx, ocelot, Sand cat, Savannah cat, serval, snow leopard, and tiger) from a rescue facility were evaluated. Forty‐six ocular lesions were diagnosed in 33 (16.3%) cats from 8 different species (bobcat, caracal, cougar, leopard, lion, ocelot, serval, and tiger) with a mean age of 16 ± 5.9 years at time of diagnosis. Ocular lesions included corneal disease (37%) (ulcerations, perforations, keratitis, corneal scars), cataracts (23.9%), hyphema (8.7%), lens luxation (6.5%), retinal detachment (6.5%), uveitis (4.3%), conjunctival disease (4.3%), retinal degeneration (2.1%), glaucoma (2.1%), and optic neuritis (2.1%). Therapies included medical (topical antibiotics, anti‐inflammatories, serum, etc.) and/or surgical management (enucleation, intracapsular lens extraction, corneoconjunctival transposition, and corneal burr debridement).ConclusionsTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of ocular disease in a population of captive nondomestic felids. It is difficult to diagnose and treat ocular disease in nondomestic cats due to challenges related to handling, diagnostics, and therapeutics in nondomestic species. Ocular disease seen in this population is similar to that found in domestic cat populations.
Systematics of the shrimp genus Atya (Decapoda, Atyidae) in the light of multigene‐based phylogenetic and species delimitation inference
Authors: de Oliveira Caio M. C. A. , Mantelatto Fernando L. , Terossi Mariana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Atya genus classification is mostly stabilized, comprising 13 species in the Americas and West Africa. However, nearly 40 years have passed since its last revision. Some taxonomic questions remained due to morphological uncertainty, and new ones have been raised with molecular Atyidae phylogenies. The aim of this study was to conduct the first Atya molecular systematic assessment, verifying the taxonomic status of A. gabonensis, A. innocous, A. margaritacea and A. scabra. Gene fragments (16S, COI and H3) were obtained by DNA sequencing and used for genetic distance, phylogeny and species delimitation analyses (ABGD, PTP and GMYC). Our data corroborate A. gabonensis as a species with amphi‐Atlantic distribution and suggest the use of A. innocous for specimens of the Caribbean Sea. We revalidated A. tenella Smith, 1871 for specimens from Pacific. Atya margaritacea, distributed along the Pacific coast of the Americas, was considered a valid and distinct species from A. scabra, which is distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Americas and West Africa; moreover, maybe this wide distribution belongs to a distinct species, being A. scabra restricted to "Gulf of Mexico lineage". We corroborated the genus as monophyletic and highlighted remaining systematic issues. Overall, our multigene‐based phylogeny and species delimitation analyses suggest that Atya comprises 14 species. This study provides data for future studies on the biodiversity, evolution and conservation of freshwater Atyidae shrimps and Neotropical fauna.
Passive Air Leakage Detection Mechanism for a Vacuum Suction Actuator
Authors: Lee Seung Ho , Oh Dong Jun , Koo Ja Choon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, research on vacuum actuators for holding and transporting objects has been actively conducted. In particular, many vacuum actuators are used to hold and transport several objects at once. However, there is a possibility that a problem of reducing vacuum efficiency may occur when several vacuum actuators are used simultaneously in the process of transporting multiple objects. The first factor is that, due to the diversity of the object’s shape, the vacuum pad of some actuators may not touch the object, so that gripping may not occur. Second, some actuators’ vacuum pad touches the object, but the pad is not completely blocked, resulting in air leakage. This paper used a spring mechanism to solve this problem and developed a vacuum gripping actuator that can block airflow into the actuator that is not used for vacuum efficiency when driving the system before the system is driven. Due to the spring inside the actuator that can play the role of passive compliance, the length can be adjusted, so even if the distance to the object is not constant, it can hold and transport several objects. Furthermore, the pretension of the spring makes it possible to block air inflow initially. We have also developed a brake system using pneumatic and tendon to hold the actuators to maintain each actuator’s length when holding and moving objects. We unified the driving method for operating both systems for simplicity by receiving pneumatic pressure from a pneumatic compressor.