bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserving migratory waterbirds and the coastal zone: the future of South-east Asia's intertidal wetlands
Authors: Yong Ding Li , Kee Jing Ying , Aung Pyae Phyo , Jain Anuj , Yeap Chin-Aik , Au Nyat Jun , Jearwattanakanok Ayuwat , Lim Kim Keang , Yu Yat-Tung , Fu Vivian W. K. , Insua-Cao Paul , Sawa Yusuke , Crosby Mike , Chan Simba , Crockford Nicola J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSouth-east Asia's diverse coastal wetlands, which span natural mudflats and mangroves to man-made salt pans, offer critical habitat for many migratory waterbird species in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Species dependent on these wetlands include nearly the entire population of the Critically Endangered spoon-billed sandpiper Calidris pygmaea and the Endangered spotted greenshank Tringa guttifer, and significant populations of several other globally threatened and declining species. Presently, more than 50 coastal Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in the region (7.4% of all South-east Asian IBAs) support at least one threatened migratory species. However, recent studies continue to reveal major knowledge gaps on the distribution of migratory waterbirds and important wetland sites along South-east Asia's vast coastline, including undiscovered and potential IBAs. Alongside this, there are critical gaps in the representation of coastal wetlands across the protected area networks of many countries in this region (e.g. Viet Nam, Indonesia, Malaysia), hindering effective conservation. Although a better understanding of the value of coastal wetlands to people and their importance to migratory species is necessary, governments and other stakeholders need to do more to strengthen the conservation of these ecosystems by improving protected area coverage, habitat restoration, and coastal governance and management. This must be underpinned by the judicious use of evidence-based approaches, including satellite-tracking of migratory birds, ecological research and ground surveys.
The geopolitics of negative emissions technologies: learning lessons from REDD+ and renewable energy for afforestation, BECCS, and direct air capture
Authors: Kreuter Judith , Lederer Markus 
Published: October 2021

Non-technical summary
Negative emissions technologies (NETs) have received increasing interest in recent years as a potential part of a portfolio of measures to address anthropogenic climate change, in particular following the 2015 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement and the 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report ‘Global Warming of 1.5 °C’. This increasing significance for global climate policy is faced with a multitude of open questions regarding, among others, the geopolitical implications of large-scale use of NETs. This paper outlines what we can learn for the possible geopolitical futures of NETs from existing international ‘green’ approaches.

Technical summary
We contribute to assessing political implications of NET scenarios, addressing the following question: What are potential geopolitical challenges, conflicts, and consequences of a large-scale deployment of three NETs, namely afforestation, bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and direct air capture and carbon storage (DACCS)? We turn to the two cases of renewable energies and reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation for answers. We find that, first, not only afforestation, but also BECCS and even DACCS would have a geopolitical impact due to their requirements of territory – in the latter two cases, for instance, due to requirements for appropriate carbon storage space. Second, the material requirements of various NETs might also impact geopolitical constellations and induce conflict, providing certain countries and regions of the world with new leverage in the case of large-scale deployment, for instance those which can provide raw materials for fertilizer (for afforestation and BECCS) or energy generation (for DACCS). Third, discursive construction of space and identity might lead to very interesting new patterns of contestation, for instance if specific nation-states can successfully construct an identity of front-running climate protectors and use this to put pressure on other states.

Social media summary
What might be geopolitical implications of using NETs on a large scale to counteract anthropogenic climate change?
A Geochemical Comparison of Three Terrestrial Sites of Serpentinization: The Tablelands, the Cedars, and Aqua de Ney
Authors: Cook Melissa C. , Blank Jennifer G. , Rietze Amanda , Suzuki Shino , Nealson Kenneth H. , Morrill Penny L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the Earth's subsurface hosts an abundance of microbial life, the influence of geochemistry on these communities remains poorly constrained. Ophiolites, sites where oceanic ultramafic minerals can be hydrated to serpentine minerals and metal oxides, create unique conditions capable of sustaining life. The fluid geochemistry of the Tablelands (NL, CAN), The Cedars (CA, USA), and Aqua de Ney (CA, USA), were studied to better characterize the range of fluid compositions observed at terrestrial sites of serpentinization. Fluids from these sites shared many commonalities including being ultra‐basic and reducing as well as having elevated levels of Cl−, Na+, K+, and Br− and depleted concentrations of Mg2+. They also exhibited a wide range of geochemistry. Isotopic and compositional data suggested the CH4 from The Cedars was a mixture of microbial and non‐microbial sources while the CH4 from the Tablelands was non‐microbial in origin. Aqua de Ney was the only site where the CH4 plotted in the abiogenic field. Despite being a known product of serpentinization, no H2 was detected at Aqua de Ney, likely due to the formation of abiogenic CH4 as well as the reaction of H2 and SO42− in the system to produce H2S. These unique sites of terrestrial serpentinization help to better understand the range of geochemistry at sites of serpentinization and its influence on the microbial communities in the subsurface.
Direct protein–protein interaction between Npas4 and IPAS mutually inhibits their critical roles in neuronal cell survival and death
Authors: Kasai Shuya , Li Xianyu , Torii Satoru , Yasumoto Ken-ichi , Sogawa Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInhibitory PAS domain protein (IPAS) is a bifunctional protein that acts as a transcriptional repressor in hypoxia and as a pro-apoptotic protein involved in neuronal cell death. Npas4 (NXF or LE-PAS) is a transcriptional factor that protects nerve cells from endogenous and foreign neurotoxins. Here we show that IPAS and Npas4 antagonize each other through their direct interaction. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that multiple binding sites on each protein were involved in the interaction. CoCl2 treatment of PC12 cells that induces IPAS repressed the transactivation activity of Npas4, and IPAS siRNA treatment reduced the CoCl2-induced repression. CoCl2-induced apoptosis was suppressed by the addition of KCl that induces Npas4. The protective effect of KCl was attenuated by siRNA-mediated gene silencing of Npas4. Npas4 and IPAS proteins were induced and localized in the cytoplasm of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. Npas4−/− mice exhibited greater sensitivity to MPTP in nigral dopaminergic neurons. Together, these results strongly suggest that neuroprotective activity of Npas4 was, at least partly, exerted by inhibiting the pro-apoptotic activity of IPAS through direct interaction.
Bifidobacterium species associated with breastfeeding produce aromatic lactic acids in the infant gut
Authors: Laursen Martin F. , Sakanaka Mikiyasu , von Burg Nicole , Mörbe Urs , Andersen Daniel , Moll Janne Marie , Pekmez Ceyda T. , Rivollier Aymeric , Michaelsen Kim F. , Mølgaard Christian , Lind Mads Vendelbo , Dragsted Lars O. , Katayama Takane , Frandsen Henrik L. , Vinggaard Anne Marie , Bahl Martin I. , Brix Susanne , Agace William , Licht Tine R. , Roager Henrik M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBreastfeeding profoundly shapes the infant gut microbiota, which is critical for early life immune development, and the gut microbiota can impact host physiology in various ways, such as through the production of metabolites. However, few breastmilk-dependent microbial metabolites mediating host–microbiota interactions are currently known. Here, we demonstrate that breastmilk-promotedBifidobacteriumspecies convert aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine) into their respective aromatic lactic acids (indolelactic acid, phenyllactic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid) via a previously unrecognized aromatic lactate dehydrogenase (ALDH). The ability ofBifidobacteriumspecies to convert aromatic amino acids to their lactic acid derivatives was confirmed using monocolonized mice. Longitudinal profiling of the faecal microbiota composition and metabolome of Danish infants (n = 25), from birth until 6 months of age, showed that faecal concentrations of aromatic lactic acids are correlated positively with the abundance of human milk oligosaccharide-degradingBifidobacteriumspecies containing the ALDH, includingBifidobacterium longum,B. breveandB. bifidum. We further demonstrate that faecal concentrations ofBifidobacterium-derived indolelactic acid are associated with the capacity of these samples to activate in vitro the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a receptor important for controlling intestinal homoeostasis and immune responses. Finally, we show that indolelactic acid modulates ex vivo immune responses of human CD4+T cells and monocytes in a dose-dependent manner by acting as an agonist of both the AhR and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA3). Our findings reveal that breastmilk-promotedBifidobacteriumspecies produce aromatic lactic acids in the gut of infants and suggest that these microbial metabolites may impact immune function in early life.
Steroid sulfatase deficiency causes cellular senescence and abnormal differentiation by inducing Yippee-like 3 expression in human keratinocytes
Authors: Baek Hyoung-Seok , Kwon Tae-Uk , Shin Sangyun , Kwon Yeo-Jung , Chun Young-Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman steroid sulfatase (STS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estrone sulfate (E1S), and cholesterol sulfate. Abnormal expression of STS causes several diseases including colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer and refractory skin disease. In particular, accumulation of intracellular cholesterol sulfate by STS deficiency leads to a skin disorder with abnormal keratinization called X-linked ichthyosis (XLI). To determine the detailed mechanisms of XLI, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells treated with cholesterol and cholesterol sulfate. Of the genes with expression changes greater than 1.5-fold, Yippee-like 3 (YPEL3), a factor expected to affect cell differentiation, was found. Induction of YPEL3 causes permanent growth arrest, cellular senescence, and inhibition of metastasis in normal and tumor cells. In this study, we demonstrate that YPEL3 expression was induced by STS deficiency and, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a partial knock-out (STS+/−) cell line was constructed to establish a disease model for XLI studies. Furthermore, we show that increased expression of YPEL3 in STS-deficient cell lines promoted cellular senescence and expression of keratinization-related proteins such as involucrin and loricrin. Our results suggest that upregulation of YPEL3 expression by STS deficiency may play a crucial role in inducing cellular senescence and abnormal differentiation in human keratinocytes.
Leveraging internet search data to assess prevalence, interest, and unmet needs of sarcoidosis in Germany
Authors: Hilker Charlotte , Tizek Linda , Rüth Melvin , Schielein Maximilian , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease of connective tissue with granuloma formation of unknown etiology and unclear prevalence. Internet search data has been shown to correlate with disease incidences and the population’s interest as well as seasonal variations. Accordingly, aim of this study was to leverage internet search data on sarcoidosis-related keywords to identify unmet needs, geographical and seasonal factors influencing sarcoidosis and estimating its prevalence. In this retrospective longitudinal study, Google Ads Keyword Planner was used to determine the internet search volume of terms related to sarcoidosis across Germany as a whole and in 17 major German cities between July 2015 and June 2019. Identified keywords were qualitatively categorized, converted into number of searches per 100,000 inhabitants and analyzed including regional and seasonal differences. With 3,068,200 queries and 425 different sarcoidosis-related search terms in the studied time period, the search volume was very high for a rare disease. Most searches (67.9%) related to general disease information with “sarcoidosis”, "Löfgren's syndrome", "sarcoidosis lung", "Morbus Boeck" and "neurosarcoidosis" as the top five keywords. Searches per 100,000 inhabitants were comparable in all 17 cities but higher than in Germany as a whole. Overall, the search volume increased from 2015 to 2019 and peaked annually in European springtime with annual lows in European autumn and winter months. The overall high search volume suggests an unmet need for sarcoidosis-related information and a diagnostic gap. Seasonal fluctuations indicate environmental as well as climatic factors that may influence sarcoidosis.
Analysis of newly developed fractal-fractional derivative with power law kernel for MHD couple stress fluid in channel embedded in a porous medium
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Kumam Poom , Kumam Wiyada , Akgul Ali , Sutthibutpong Thana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFractal-fractional derivative is a new class of fractional derivative with power Law kernel which has many applications in real world problems. This operator is used for the first time in such kind of fluid flow. The big advantage of this operator is that one can formulate models describing much better the systems with memory effects. Furthermore, in real world there are many problems where it is necessary to know that how much information the system carries. To explain the memory in a system fractal-fractional derivatives with power law kernel is analyzed in the present work. Keeping these motivation in mind in the present paper new concept of fractal-fractional derivative for the modeling of couple stress fluid (CSF) with the combined effect of heat and mass transfer have been used. The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of CSF is taken in channel with porous media in the presence of external pressure. The constant motion of the left plate generates the CSF motion while the right plate is kept stationary. The non-dimensional fractal-fractional model of couple stress fluid in Riemann–Liouville sense with power law is solved numerically by using the implicit finite difference method. The obtained solutions for the present problem have been shown through graphs. The effects of various parameters are shown through graphs on velocity, temperature and concentration fields. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles of the MHD CSF in channel with porous media decreases for the greater values of both fractional parameter $$\alpha$$
α
and fractal parameter $$\beta$$
β
respectively. From the graphical results it can be noticed that the fractal-fractional solutions are more general as compared to classical and fractional solutions of CSF motion in channel. Furthermore, the fractal-fractional model of CSF explains good memory effect on the dynamics of couple stress fluid in channel as compared to fractional model of CSF. Finally, the skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are evaluated and presented in tabular form.
Cytokine signature and COVID-19 prediction models in the two waves of pandemics
Authors: Cabaro Serena , D’Esposito Vittoria , Di Matola Tiziana , Sale Silvia , Cennamo Michele , Terracciano Daniela , Parisi Valentina , Oriente Francesco , Portella Giuseppe , Beguinot Francesco , Atripaldi Luigi , Sansone Mario , Formisano Pietro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Europe, multiple waves of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have been observed. Here, we have investigated whether common patterns of cytokines could be detected in individuals with mild and severe forms of COVID-19 in two pandemic waves, and whether machine learning approach could be useful to identify the best predictors. An increasing trend of multiple cytokines was observed in patients with mild or severe/critical symptoms of COVID-19, compared with healthy volunteers. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) clearly recognized the three groups based on cytokine patterns. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) further indicated that IL-6 discriminated controls and COVID-19 patients, whilst IL-8 defined disease severity. During the second wave of pandemics, a less intense cytokine storm was observed, as compared with the first. IL-6 was the most robust predictor of infection and discriminated moderate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls, regardless of epidemic peak curve. Thus, serum cytokine patterns provide biomarkers useful for COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis. Further definition of individual cytokines may allow to envision novel therapeutic options and pave the way to set up innovative diagnostic tools.
Prognostic value of pre-irradiation FET PET in patients with not completely resectable IDH-wildtype glioma and minimal or absent contrast enhancement
Authors: Rosen Jurij , Stoffels Gabriele , Lohmann Philipp , Bauer Elena K. , Werner Jan-Michael , Wollring Michael , Rapp Marion , Felsberg Jörg , Kocher Martin , Fink Gereon R. , Langen Karl-Josef , Galldiks Norbert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn glioma patients, complete resection of the contrast-enhancing portion is associated with improved survival, which, however, cannot be achieved in a considerable number of patients. Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET in not completely resectable glioma patients with minimal or absent contrast enhancement before temozolomide chemoradiation. Dynamic FET PET scans were performed in 18 newly diagnosed patients with partially resected (n = 8) or biopsied (n = 10) IDH-wildtype astrocytic glioma before initiation of temozolomide chemoradiation. Static and dynamic FET PET parameters, as well as contrast-enhancing volumes on MRI, were calculated. Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, threshold values for which the product of paired values for sensitivity and specificity reached a maximum were obtained. Subsequently, the prognostic values of FET PET parameters and contrast-enhancing volumes on MRI were evaluated using univariate Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression (including the MTV, age, MGMT promoter methylation, and contrast-enhancing volume) survival analyses for progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS). On MRI, eight patients had no contrast enhancement; the remaining patients had minimal contrast-enhancing volumes (range, 0.2–5.3 mL). Univariate analyses revealed that smaller pre-irradiation FET PET tumor volumes were significantly correlated with a more favorable PFS (7.9 vs. 4.2 months; threshold, 14.8 mL; P = 0.012) and OS (16.6 vs. 9.0 months; threshold, 23.8 mL; P = 0.002). In contrast, mean tumor-to-brain ratios and time-to-peak values were only associated with a longer PFS (P = 0.048 and P = 0.045, respectively). Furthermore, the pre-irradiation FET PET tumor volume remained significant in multivariate analyses (P = 0.043), indicating an independent predictor for OS. Our results suggest that pre-irradiation FET PET parameters have a prognostic impact in this subgroup of patients.
DNA damage response of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to high-LET neutron irradiation
Authors: Engelbrecht Monique , Ndimba Roya , de Kock Maryna , Miles Xanthene , Nair Shankari , Fisher Randall , du Plessis Peter , Bolcaen Julie , Botha Matthys Hendrik , Zwanepoel Elbie , Sioen Simon , Baeyens Ans , Nieto-Camero Jaime , de Kock Evan , Vandevoorde Charlot 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe radiosensitivity of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to neutron radiation remains largely underexplored, notwithstanding their potential role as target cells for radiation-induced leukemogenesis. New insights are required for radiation protection purposes, particularly for aviation, space missions, nuclear accidents and even particle therapy. In this study, HSPCs (CD34+CD38+ cells) were isolated from umbilical cord blood and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (photons) and high energy p(66)/Be(40) neutrons. At 2 h post-irradiation, a significantly higher number of 1.28 ± 0.12 γ-H2AX foci/cell was observed after 0.5 Gy neutrons compared to 0.84 ± 0.14 foci/cell for photons, but this decreased to similar levels for both radiation qualities after 18 h. However, a significant difference in late apoptosis was observed with Annexin-V+/PI+ assay between photon and neutron irradiation at 18 h, 43.17 ± 6.10% versus 55.55 ± 4.87%, respectively. A significant increase in MN frequency was observed after both 0.5 and 1 Gy neutron irradiation compared to photons illustrating higher levels of neutron-induced cytogenetic damage, while there was no difference in the nuclear division index between both radiation qualities. The results point towards a higher induction of DNA damage after neutron irradiation in HSPCs followed by error-prone DNA repair, which contributes to genomic instability and a higher risk of leukemogenesis.
A new ant-butterfly symbiosis in the forest canopy fills an evolutionary gap
Authors: Pérez-Lachaud Gabriela , Rocha Franklin H. , Pozo Carmen , Kaminski Lucas A. , Seraphim Noemy , Lachaud Jean-Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyrmecophilous butterflies can establish complex symbiotic relationships with ants. A caterpillar wandering among the brood of the aggressive ponerine antNeoponera villosawas found inside the core of a nest built in the myrmecophytic bromeliadAechmea bracteata. This is the first caterpillar found living inside a ponerine ant nest. Its DNA barcode was sequenced, and an integrative approach was used to identify it asPseudonymphidia agave, a poorly known member of the subtribe Pachythonina in the riodinid tribe Nymphidiini. The cuticle of the tank-like caterpillar lacks projections or tubercles and is covered dorsally by specialized flat setae that form an armor of small plates. Ant-organs potentially related to caterpillar-ant signaling, such as perforated cupola organs and tentacle nectary organs, are present. These morphological traits, together with evidence of social integration (direct contact with host brood, protective morphology, slow movement, no host aggressiveness), suggest thatP. agaveis a symbiotic, social parasite ofN. villosa, preying on its host brood. However, several knowledge gaps remain, including oviposition site, dependence on bromeliad association, steps to colony integration, and larval diet through development. Carnivory has been reported in all known members of the subtribe Pachythonina (caterpillars prey on honeydew-producing hemipterans) suggesting a shift to myrmecophagy inside the ant nests as a possible evolutionary transition.