bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐injection ultrasound scanning for treating temporal hollowing
Authors: Lee Won , Moon Hyoung‐Jin , Kim Min‐Sueng , Cheon Gwahn‐Woo , Yang Eun‐Jung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid filler injection is commonly administered to correct temple hollowness, typically through deep temporal injection. Since the vascular distribution at the injection site can be diverse, studies on avoiding damage to the corresponding blood vessels are needed.AimsTo assess the commonly used hyaluronic acid filler injection site in the temple region, 1cm lateral and 1 cm above from the end of eyebrow, using a Doppler ultrasound to detect any anatomic variations in the blood vessels.Patients/MethodsThirty patients (60 temples, right and left) were examined using Doppler ultrasonography. An 8‐17 MHz ultrasound probe was used to discriminate between the anatomic layers of the temple. Blood vessels found in each anatomical layer were subsequently investigated.ResultsAmong the 30 patients included in this study, we found temporal region arteries 1 cm above and 1 cm lateral to the distal end of the eyebrow in 9 patients; However, no arteries were detected in the temples of 21 patients. The presence or absence of arteries was bilateral in all patients.ConclusionsThe anatomical layers with blood vessels varied among patients. The variability could give rise to complications. Possible anatomic variations at the temple should be carefully identified using pre‐injection ultrasonography, and harming blood vessels should be avoided while injecting hyaluronic acid filler for temple augmentation.
A questionnaire survey on a feeling of loneliness of the mothers raising children
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Taniguchi Mariko , Ikeda Sayaka , Matsuzaki Satoko , Takiuchi Tsuyoshi , Arahori Hitomi , Miyoshi Ai , Hirai Kei , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimA feeling of isolation childcare mothers' face is a serious social problem in Japan because the relationships with mothers and local communities have grown sparser. The purpose of this study was to clarify the feelings of isolation of mothers during childcare and the factors related to it.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire survey in Yao City, Osaka. We mailed out a questionnaire survey of 1293 mothers with infants who had either a 4‐month or 42‐month routine health checkup during the period from September to December of 2018.ResultsThere was no association between “feeling lonely while raising my child” and the absence of “people who helped raise my children.” On the other hand, it was found that the mothers' inner feelings, such as “I wasn't satisfied with my childcare environment” (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.32–4.91, p = 0.0052) or “I lacked confidence in my own childcare abilities” (OR: 6.21, 95% CI: 4.31–8.95, p < 0.0001), were associated with their sense of loneliness.ConclusionsMothers' “sense of loneliness” was shown to be best correlated with their dissatisfaction with the environment of their childcare and with their lack of confidence in raising their own children.
Inferring signs from purposeful samples: The role of context in competency assessment
Authors: Born Marise Ph. , Stegers‐Jager Karen M. , van Andel Chantal E. E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContextMedical students' clinical competencies are customarily assessed using convenience samples of performance from real practice. The question is how these convenience samples can be turned into purposeful samples to extrapolate students' overall competency profile at the end of medical school, particularly given the context specificity of clinical performance. In this paper, we will address this issue of inferring signs from samples using insights from the discipline of psychology.Theoretical perspectiveWe adapted Smith's theory of predictor validity of universals, occupationals and relationals to the context of clinical competency assessment.Universalsare characteristics required by all working individuals and therefore not context dependent.Occupationalsrefer to characteristics required by certain jobs but not others and therefore are dependent on task‐related features of an occupation.Relationalsare required in a specific organisational context with habitual ways of working together.ApplicationThrough seven propositions, we assert that generalising from samples of assessed clinical competencies during clerkships to generic competencies (i.e., signs) is dependent on whether characteristics are universals, occupationals and relationals, with universals most and relationals least generalisable.ConclusionWhen determining what types of ratings to use to evaluate medical student competence, medical education has shown too little nuance in considering the degree to which particular characteristics are likely to be generalisable, approaching the issue in an all‐or‐none manner. Smith's distinction between universals, occupationals and relationals offers a promising way forward that has implications for assessment, student selection and career choice.
Improving sepsis screening and care in a developing nation health setting: A description of implementation
Authors: Alberto Laura , Marshall Andrea P. , Walker Rachel M. , Pálizas Fernando , Aitken Leanne M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvidence on sepsis screening and care in developing nations is insufficient to inform implementation practices in hospital wards. The aim of this multi‐method study was to describe and evaluate the implementation of a three‐step intervention (sepsis screening, alert activation, care) in five wards in Argentina in 2017. The implementation involved three stages: (1) context assessment, (2) development/participation in implementation strategies, and (3) evaluation of intervention adherence. Results were variable. The context assessment (Stage 1) demonstrated the value of education, proactivity towards care and team structures. Strategies developed (Stage 2) included sepsis screening and response guide, education, team rounding, posters, champions, audit/feedback and knowledge brokering. In Stage 3, staff screened 92% patients (506/547) for sepsis at ≥60% of set times; only 33% (21/64) patients had a sepsis alert activated when needed. A similar proportion of patients who had alerts activated (n = 16, 76%) or not (n = 32, 74%) received at least one element of care. The use of implementation strategies resulted in adherence to some aspects of the intervention. Future research is needed to improve sepsis screening and alert activation and care in this setting.
ZmCTLP1 is required for the maintenance of lipid homeostasis and the basal endosperm transfer layer in maize kernels
Authors: Hu Mingjian , Zhao Haiming , Yang Bo , Yang Shuang , Liu Haihong , Tian He , Shui Guanghou , Chen Zongliang , E Lizhu , Lai Jinsheng , Song Weibin 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Maize kernel weight is influenced by the unloading of nutrients from the maternal placenta and their passage through the transfer tissue of the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and the basal intermediate zone (BIZ) to the upper part of the endosperm.

Here, we show that Small kernel 10 (Smk10) encodes a choline transporter‐like protein 1 (ZmCTLP1) that facilitates choline uptake and is located in the trans‐Golgi network (TGN). Its loss of function results in reduced choline content, leading to smaller kernels with a lower starch content.

Mutation of ZmCTLP1 disrupts membrane lipid homeostasis and the normal development of wall in‐growths. Expression levels of Mn1 and ZmSWEET4c, two kernel filling‐related genes, are downregulated in the smk10, which is likely to be one of the major causes of incompletely differentiated transfer cells. Mutation of ZmCTLP1 also reduces the number of plasmodesmata (PD) in transfer cells, indicating that the smk10 mutant is impaired in PD formation. Intriguingly, we also observed premature cell death in the BETL and BIZ of the smk10 mutant.

Together, our results suggest that ZmCTLP1‐mediated choline transport affects kernel development, highlighting its important role in lipid homeostasis, wall in‐growth formation and PD development in transfer cells.
Child health care nurses’ experiences of language barriers during home visits
Authors: Bohlin Veronica , Nolbris Margaretha Jenholt , Wigert Helena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to explore the communication tools that child healthcare nurses can use during home visits to families when language barriers exist.DesignQualitative study using data collected from focus group sessions.SampleSix semi‐structured focus group interviews with twenty nurses in child healthcare services.MeasurementsThe results were analyzed with a thematic content analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in two themes: Using pictures as support in the conversation, with subthemes Not using pictures as support, Wanting to know how to use pictures as support, Pictures as support for invitations, Different types of pictures as support, and Alternative means of communication with the subthemes Possibilities of using an interpreter, Obstacles to using an interpreter, Mixed communication.ConclusionIf language barriers are present during home visits, decision‐making nurses in Child Health Care (CHC) put families in an unequal position when communicating with them. These results point to a need for more education, guidelines and support regarding alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) tools and structures to assist in overcoming language barriers.
Genome‐wide identification studies – A primer to explore new genes in plant species
Authors: Safder I. , Shao G. , Sheng Z. , Hu P. , Tang S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenome data have accumulated rapidly in recent years, doubling roughly after every 6 months due to the influx of next‐generation sequencing technologies. A plethora of plant genomes are available in comprehensive public databases. This easy access to data provides an opportunity to explore genome datasets and recruit new genes in various plant species not possible a decade ago. In the past few years, many gene families have been published using these public datasets. These genome‐wide studies identify and characterize gene members, gene structures, evolutionary relationships, expression patterns, protein interactions and gene ontologies, and predict putative gene functions using various computational tools. Such studies provide meaningful information and an initial framework for further functional elucidation. This review provides a concise layout of approaches used in these gene family studies and demonstrates an outline for employing various plant genome datasets in future studies.
From Brexit to VOX: Populist Policy Narratives about Rurality in Europe and the Populist Challenges for the Rural‐Urban Divide*
Authors: Valero Diana E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe spread of radical‐right populist movements across Europe in recent years have been explained from a geographical perspective by a differentiated political behavior in rural areas, rooted in socio‐economic differences and a theory of a “revenge of the places that do not matter”. The objective of the article is to contribute to the characterization of the current populist narratives on rurality and potential new rural‐urban cleavages. Using the “Narrative Policy Framework”, the article explores two complementary case studies through a qualitative analysis of media pieces. The first case study explores narratives on rurality across the European Union between 2015 and 2019, giving an overview of how rural areas are depicted in policy narratives and the role and potential for discourses rooted in perceptions of “left‐behind places.” The second case study explores in depth how the Spanish radical‐right party VOX articulates its policy narrative on rurality. The analysis of both cases illustrates the existence of a complex narrative fabric on rurality across rural areas in Europe and how radical‐right populism reproduces a narrow concept of rurality, anchored in the idea of abandonment that may be contributing to the creation of a new rural‐urban cleavage.
Validation of blood gas analysis in arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis
Authors: Menezes Maria do Mar , Caeiro Fernando , Fernandes Sara , Nolasco Fernando 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionArterial blood gas analysis is a minimally invasive technique used in our daily practice but is not a complication free technique. The aim of this study was to validate results from blood gas analysis obtained from the arteriovenous fistula (AVF)/graft as a surrogate marker of the arterial blood gas analysis.MethodsA prospective observational study was made in 45 patients. We performed arterial and AVF/graft blood gas analysis and results were compared by a paired sample t Student test.ResultsMost of our subjects was male (68.9%) and the mean age was 67 years (±14).Hemodialysis vintage was 63 months (±66), and vascular access age was 62 months (±56).The more prevalent vascular access was left radiocephalic AVF (n = 16; 35.6%) and the main puncture artery was right radial artery (n = 27; 60.0%).There were no statistically significant differences between the samples collected.ConclusionsOur results suggest a possible alternative of arterial blood gas analysis in AVF/graft for hemodialysis patients. This could result in making an uncomfortable procedure almost painless and reducing complications. Future research should take place to include anatomical characteristics of the AVF or the circulation of recirculation.
Energy facies: A global view of pyroclastic currents from vent to deposit
Authors: Doronzo Domenico M. , Giordano Guido , Palladino Danilo M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPyroclastic currents are described as gravity currents, and the classic conceptual model gives a first‐order importance to the density of such currents. This directs quantitative models to assume specific flow structures (shallow water or equilibrium turbulent boundary layer), which may apply to restricted volcanic areas independently of source dynamics or may correspond to source dynamics separate from topographic interaction. The recent introduction of two end‐members of pyroclastic currents, inertial and forced, is further developed here, leading to a global conceptual model in which source dynamics and topographic interaction are both taken into account. The concept of energy facies is defined here as the ensemble of the first‐order indicators of pyroclastic currents (topological aspect ratio, competence ratio and emplacement temperature) that are proxies of the energy of such currents. Nine energy facies are introduced with general applicability and with the goal to globally characterize pyroclastic currents from vent to deposit.
Redundant roles of four ZIP family members in zinc homeostasis and seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lee Sichul , Lee Joohyun , Ricachenevsky Felipe K. , Punshon Tracy , Tappero Ryan , Salt David E. , Guerinot Mary Lou 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYZinc (Zn) is essential for normal plant growth and development. The Zn‐regulated transporter, iron‐regulated transporter (IRT)‐like protein (ZIP) family members are involved in Zn transport and cellular Zn homeostasis throughout the domains of life. In this study, we have characterized four ZIP transporters from Arabidopsis thaliana (IRT3, ZIP4, ZIP6, and ZIP9) to better understand their functional roles. The four ZIP proteins can restore the growth defect of a yeast Zn uptake mutant and are upregulated under Zn deficiency. Single and double mutants show no phenotypes under Zn‐sufficient or Zn‐limited growth conditions. In contrast, triple and quadruple mutants show impaired growth irrespective of external Zn supply due to reduced Zn translocation from root to shoot. All four ZIP genes are highly expressed during seed development, and siliques from all single and higher‐order mutants exhibited an increased number of abnormal seeds and decreased Zn levels in mature seeds relative to wild type. The seed phenotypes could be reversed by supplementing the soil with Zn. Our data demonstrate that IRT3, ZIP4, ZIP6, and ZIP9 function redundantly in maintaining Zn homeostasis and seed development in A. thaliana.
Annotating Black joy on the White City Estate
Authors: Télémaque Nathaniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBlack joy is a distinctive part of the Black experience. Amid the wakes of the tragic losses of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, and the resurgence of the Black Lives Matter Movements, in tandem with the rise of the global COVID‐19 pandemic, I photograph Black millennial experiences and the site of the White City Estate in Shepherd's Bush, West London as a visual artist, writer and geographer.
Outcomes of pregnant broodmares treated for colic at a tertiary care facility
Authors: Douglas Hope F. , Stefanovski Darko , Southwood Louise L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate, following colic admission during pregnancy, (1) broodmare survival; (2) the frequency of recurrent colic in broodmares and its associated variables, and (3) pregnancy outcome and the variables associated with a negative pregnancy outcome.Study designAmbidirectional observational cohort study.AnimalsOne hundred and four client‐owned broodmare admissions.MethodsAdmissions of pregnant mares from June 2010 until October 2016 were included. Data were collected until November 2017. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to evaluate variables associated with broodmare survival. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the variables associated with recurrent colic and pregnancy outcome.ResultsBroodmares from 73/104 (70.2%) admissions were discharged alive. Lesion category, admission hyperlactatemia (hazard ratio (HR) 3.24, 95%, CI 1.28‐8.22,P = .013), and admission high packed cell volume (HR 2.89, 95% CI 1.29‐6.47,P = .010) were associated with reduced survival. Recurrent colic was observed in broodmares from 33/70 admissions (47.1%). The final multivariable model for recurrent colic included Thoroughbred breed (OR 5.09, 95% CI 1.58‐16.4,P = .006) and age (OR .876, 95% CI .747‐1.03,P = .105). Overall, negative pregnancy outcome was 14/65 (21.5%). Lesion category, evidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in hospital (OR 31.2, 95% CI 2.09‐466.5,P = .013), and diarrhea in hospital (OR 379.3, 95% CI 97.1‐1482.0,P < .001) were associated with increased negative pregnancy outcome. Altrenogest administration was inversely associated with negative pregnancy outcome (OR 0.029, 95% CI .004‐.222,P = .001).ConclusionPregnant broodmares admitted for colic had lower survival than anticipated and were at risk of recurrent colic. Markers of broodmare disease severity were associated with pregnancy outcome.Clinical significanceLesion category, hematologic variables (packed cell volume andl‐lactate concentration), evidence of SIRS, and diarrhea were useful for predicting broodmare and pregnancy outcomes.
The Oriented Spray Cooling System for Heat Rejection and Evaporation
Authors: Bowman Charles F. , Taylor Robert E. , Hubble Jerry D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Spray ponds offer significant advantages over mechanical draft cooling towers (MDCTs) including superior simplicity and operability, lower preferred power requirements, and lower capital and maintenance costs. Unlike a conventional spray pond in which spray nozzles are arranged in a flat bed and water is sprayed upward, the oriented spray cooling system (OSCS) is an evolutionary spray pond design in which nozzles are mounted on spray trees arranged in a circle and are tilted at an angle oriented toward the center of the circle. As a result, each nozzle is exposed to essentially ambient air as water droplets drag air into the spray region while the warm air concentrated in the center of the circle rises. Both of these effects work together to increase air flow through the spray region. Increased air flow reduces the local wet-bulb temperature of the air in the spray pattern, promoting heat transfer and more efficient cooling. The authors have developed analytical models to predict the thermal performance of the OSCS that are based on classical heat and mass transfer and kinetic vector relationships for spherical water droplets that rely only on generic experimental thermal performance data. Therefore, the model is not limited in application with regard to spray pressure or nozzle spacing or orientation and is not limited by droplet size considerations. This paper describes specific details such as nozzle type, orientation, and drop spectrum and details on the analytical model never before published that are used to predict the OSCS performance. The paper compares the predicted performance of the OSCS with the rigorous full-scale field test results that were measured in compliance with Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements at the Columbia Generating Station where the ultimate heat sink (UHS) is two OSCS.
Application of Planar Laser Rayleigh Scattering for Measurement of Gas Temperature Distributions in Effusion Jet Cooled Panels Exposed to High Temperatures
Authors: Grasso Gregory S. , Snyder Kevin R. , Cetegen Baki M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This experimental study examines the use of planar laser Rayleigh scattering to measure instantaneous gas temperature distributions at different heights above the surface of an effusion cooled plate. An experimental test rig was used to model combustor conditions with a bulk crossflow temperature of 1500 K. Carbon dioxide was used as coolant at multiple blowing ratios ranging from 1.12 to 11.1. A “temperature-pegging” methodology was used to process Rayleigh light scattering images to create high resolution and accurate temperature images at heights of 2, 2.75, and 3.5 mm above the surface of a prototypical effusion plate. Measured temperature distributions were used to calculate root-mean-square (RMS) distributions, and were also converted to film effectiveness maps based on the upstream crossflow gas and effusion coolant temperatures. It is found that the film cooling region spreads upstream with increasing effusion jet blowing ratio parameter. The RMS deviation of gas temperatures over each measurement plane shows that the RMS fluctuations are low inside and outside the effusion film, but are high near the film edge. At a given height above the effusion panel, the RMS fluctuations decrease in the film region with increasing blowing ratio. Film effectiveness follows similar trends with high film effectiveness region expanding with increasing effusion jet blowing ratios.
Fuel Performance Modeling at High Burn-Up by FEMAXI-6 Code
Authors: Lüley Jakub , Vrban Branislav , Čerba Štefan , Osuský Filip , Nečas Vladimír 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The scope of the current research in the field of fuel performance is primarily aimed at an improvement of the operating reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the reactors in operation. The current requirement of nuclear industry is to have fuel suitable for load follow operation. Fission gas release, pellet-cladding mechanical interaction, and stress corrosion cracking are the main phenomena that limit the variability of reactor operation from a safety perspective. To reasonably predict the fuel performance limits, it is necessary to benchmark the computational tools against high-quality experimental data. This work is devoted to the calculation of fuel performance using the code FEMAXI-6 based on the longest irradiation experiment in the Halden reactor. The fuel burn-up was approaching 90 MWd/kgUO2 in three selected rods, which were equipped with the pressure sensors and were subjected to extensive postirradiation examination. During the experiment, the rods were exposed to several periods of power cycling. The rods were manufactured with different fuel grain size and fuel-to-clad gap size.