bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failures Related to Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Dennies Daniel P. , Lampman S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article provides an overview of metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes and describes sources of failures in metal AM parts. It focuses on metal AM product failures and potential solutions related to design considerations, metallurgical characteristics, production considerations, and quality assurance. The emphasis is on the design and metallurgical aspects for the two main types of metal AM processes: powder-bed fusion (PBF) and directed-energy deposition (DED). The article also describes the processes involved in binder jet sintering, provides information on the design and fabrication sources of failure, addresses the key factors in production and quality control, and explains failure analysis of AM parts.
Principles of the compilation of East-Podillia dialects
Authors: Tyshchenko Tetiana 
Published: December 2021

A key role of dialect dictionaries in the preservation of the national memory of the people and national moral values is emphasized in the paper. It has been stated that dialect vocabulary compiled in the dictionary is of great heuristic value, as it expresses a historical progress of the nation in its work, with customs and beliefs, the whole outlook in general, which is why it is a required source for the reconstruction of the ancient condition of a material and moral culture of native speakers.
It has been found out that some specialists in dialectology-lexicography mark the registries of dialect words differently (dictionary, short dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, materials for dictionary, small dictionary, etc.). Ukrainian dialect dictionaries were analyzed as to their completeness of vocabulary presentations, the coverage of dialect areas and some peculiarities of the representation of regional vocabulary in thematic dictionaries which contained the dialects of East Podillia.
The purpose and the task of the compilation of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects as well as its format/size were defined. Foreign analogs of such creation, in particular Podillia ones, were noticed. The principles of the compilation of a multi-volume edition of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects according to the thematic groups were worked out.
The importance of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects for Ukrainian language studies has been underlined, as it will become a profound source for further language research.
Comparison of adjacent segment disease after minimally invasive versus open lumbar fusion: a minimum 10-year follow-up
Authors: Jeong Tae Seok , Son Seong , Lee Sang Gu , Ahn Yong , Jung Jong Myung , Yoo Byung Rhae 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
The object of this study was to compare, after a long-term follow-up, the incidence and features of adjacent segment disease (ASDis) following lumbar fusion surgery performed via an open technique using conventional interbody fusion plus transpedicular screw fixation or a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) using a tubular retractor together with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with a follow-up period > 10 years who had undergone instrumented lumbar fusion at the L4–5 level between January 2004 and December 2010. The patients were divided into an open surgery group and MIS group based on the surgical method performed. Baseline characteristics and radiological findings, including factors related to ASDis, were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the incidence of ASDis and related details, including diagnosis, time to diagnosis, and treatment, were analyzed.

RESULTS
Among 119 patients who had undergone lumbar fusion at the L4–5 level in the study period, 32 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria. The remaining 87 patients were included as the final study cohort and were divided into an open group (n = 44) and MIS group (n = 43). The mean follow-up period was 10.50 (range 10.0–14.0) years in the open group and 10.16 (range 10.0–13.0) years in the MIS group. The overall facet joint violation rate was significantly higher in the open group than in the MIS group (54.5% vs 30.2%, p = 0.022). However, in terms of adjacent segment degeneration, there were no significant differences in corrected disc height, segmental angle, range of motion, or degree of listhesis of the adjacent segments between the two groups during follow-up. The overall incidence of ASDis was 33.3%, with incidences of 31.8% in the open group and 34.9% in the MIS group, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.822). Additionally, detailed diagnosis and treatment factors were not different between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
After a minimum 10-year follow-up, the incidence of ASDis did not differ significantly between patients who had undergone open fusion and those who had undergone MIS fusion at the L4–5 level.
Double-level noncontiguous thoracic Chance fractures treated with percutaneous stabilization: illustrative case
Authors: MacLennan Matthew H. , El-Mughayyar Dana , Attabib Najmedden 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Chance fractures are unstable due to horizontal extension of the injury, disrupting all three columns of the vertebra. Since being first described in 1948, Chance fractures have been commonly found at a single level near the thoracolumbar junction. Noncontiguous double-level Chance fractures that result from a single traumatic event are rarely reported in the literature.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors report a case of an 18-year-old male who presented to the emergency department after a rollover motor vehicle accident. The patient complained of severe back pain when at rest and had no neurological deficits. Computed tomography revealed two unstable Chance fractures of bony subtype located at T6 and T11. The patient underwent percutaneous stabilization from T4 to T12. The postoperative assessment revealed continued 5/5 power bilaterally in all extremities, back pain, and the ability to ambulate with a walker. At 3 months after the operation, clinical assessment revealed no significant back pain and the ability to walk independently. Imaging confirmed stable fixation of the spine with no acute osseous or hardware complications.

LESSONS
This report complements previous studies demonstrating support for more extensive stabilization for such unique fractures. Additionally, rapid radiological imaging is needed to identify the full injury and lead patients to appropriate treatment.
Differential Gain Comparison of Optical Planar Amplifier on Silica Glasses Doped with Bi-Ge and Er, Yb Ions
Authors: Jiri Smejcky  , Vitezslav Jerabek  
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the measurement and calculation of the optical amplifier gain and the optimal length of the active optical amplifier waveguide doped with Bi-Ge radiation complexes compared to an optical amplifier with active doping with ions Er3+, Yb3+. At present are using optical amplifiers for the high-capacity optical communication systems in the narrow spectral region of 1530–1560 nm, determined by the gain bandwidth of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) or erbium-doped optical planar amplifiers (EDPA) realized as active planar waveguides in the optical integrated circuits technique. However, it is possible increase wavelength region up to 1610 nm, where optical losses of telecommunication fibers are less than 0.3 dB per km, if appropriate amplifiers are available. In this regard, the development of novel optical amplifiers operating in this spectral region have of great importance. The paper summarizes the results measurement of the attenuation and emission spectra for net gain spectra calculation of the new ion exchange Ag+ – Na+ optical Er3+ and Yb3+ doped active planar waveguides realized on silica glass substrates and parameters of novel optical amplifiers for extension of the bandwidth from 1530 to 1610 nm doped by bismuth – erbium ions.
Effect of nutritionally complete formula on gut microbiota and their metabolite in fecal batch fermentation system
Authors: Wichienchot Santad , Keawyok Kridsada 
Published: December 2021

Background: Emerging evidence has revealed that the gut microbiota is significantly altered, contributing to the occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the target of increasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactic acid production and reduction of uremic toxins were interested. Objective: To study the effect of the nutritionally complete formula (Synplus) developed for hemodialysis patients on gut microbiota and their metabolite in in vitro fecal fermentation of healthy volunteers.Methods: Fecal fermentation (in vitro) using batch culture in an environment mimicking human large intestine was used to study the change of gut microbiota by next generation sequencing (NGS) during fermentation of the developed formula (Synplus), commercial formula (Nepro®) and control. The gut metabolites were determined including short-chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic, and butyric) and lactic acid. The uremic toxins (p-cresol and indole) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: The increase of Lactobacillus spp. (53.74%) and Bifidobacterium spp. (29.35%) was observed in the developed product (Synplus) compared with control at 48 hrs fermentation meanwhile, these genera were decreased in a commercial product (Nepro®). Moreover, the abundance of the genus Escherichia spp. (12.33%) was observed in Nepro® fermentation, with Escherichia albertii species which is a newly discovered pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial metabolites produced by fecal fermentation of Synplus revealed that propionate, acetate, and butyrate increased significantly (p<0.05). All the samples evaluated exhibited acetate in abundance when compared to other SCFAs. Acetate was the most abundant SCFA in all samples. The concentrations of acetate for Synplus fermentation were 15.63±3.26, 147.29±2.39, 162.28±4.13 and 189.39±0.17 mM at 0, 12, 24, and 48 hrs respectively. Total SCFAs produced from Synplus was significantly increased (p<0.05) and higher than control and Nepro®, respectively. The concentration of p-cresol at 48 hrs fermentation for control, Synplus and Nepro® were 3.79±0.12, 6.31±2.37 and 11.59±0.10 µg/mL, respectively. The indole concentration of control, Synplus and Nepro® were 3.64±0.08, 15.06±3.56 and 12.81±1.68 µg/mL, respectively. There were also indicated that imbalance of gut microbiota was related with the ratio of uremic toxins (indole and p-cresol) to SCFAs.CONCLUSION: The synbiotic product containing prebiotic and probiotic may be used to improve gut microbiota thus reducing the risk of kidney disease.Keywords: synbiotic, gut microbiota, uremic toxins, SCFA, CKD
The Association between Aromatase Gene Polymorphism Cyp19 Val 80 and Endometriosis Risk
Authors: Alkaf Syifa , Ziske Maritska  , Venny Patricia  
Published: December 2021

Background: Endometriosis implant has been known to express aromatase enzyme, Cytochrome p450 that catalyzes androgen into estrogen. It causes local estrogen production, leading to increased estrogen level, and subsequently triggers endometriosis lesion. CYP19 gene resided at chromosome 15q21.1 is the biggest component of aromatase coding cytochrome p450 enzyme.
Objective: To identify relationship between aromatase gene polymorphism CYP19 Val 80 and the risk of endometriosis. Methods: This is an observational case-control study using frozen DNA sample from women with endometriosis and/ or adenomyosis who had undergone laparotomy/ laparoscopy at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang January-November 2013. Samples were amplified and cut by PCR-FRLP using Rsa1 restriction enzyme. Results were divided into A/A genotype (homozygote mutant), G/A (heterozygote mutant), and G/G (homozygote wild type). Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 version.
Results: PCR-RFLP results for A/A genotype were 20 (21.3%) in endometriosis group and 8 (8.5%) in control group. G/A genotype were 18 (19.1%) in endometriosis group and 22 (23.4%) in control group. G/G genotype were 9 (9.6%) and 17 (18.1%) in endometriosis group and control group, respectively. There was significant increase risk of endometriosis in women carrying genotype A/A to those with genotype G/G with OR 4.722 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Polymorphism on aromatase gene CYP19 Val 80 A/A increases risk of endometriosis.
Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome: A Brief Overview
Authors: Permatananda Pande Ayu Naya Kasih , I Gusti Agung Made Adnyana Putra  
Published: December 2021

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital vascular disease. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is unclear, but it is thought that most cases are the result of somatic mutations that affect genes that play a role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Some patients come with a triad of capillary malformation (hemangioma or port-wine stain), venous varicosities and bony or soft tissue hypertrophy. Clinical presentation of this syndrome can lead to significant morbidities and mortalities due to severe bleeding and emboli. Although the number of cases is low, a doctor must be able to distinguish Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome from other rare vascular disorders. Parkes Weber syndrome is usually similar to Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, except in the arterial malformations associated with capillary malformations and soft tissue to skeletal or bone hypertrophy. The diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome is carried out clinically and is quite difficult to do even with experienced doctors because there is no precise pathognomonic test. There are several options in relation to the management of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome and non-invasive procedure is considered to be the most important of therapy modalities. Early diagnoses, progression monitoring, and proper intervention should be carried out for better prognosis and preventing complication.
Gambaran Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Bedah Orthopedi di Rumah Sakit Pusat Infeksi Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Januari-Juli 2019
Authors: Wulandani Epi , Mariana Nina , Hartono Teguh Sarry , Sugianto Muhammad Taufik , Wijaya Chandra , Chandra William , Hardiansyah Nico Perdana 
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Kejadian infeksi pada kasus bedah orthopedidapat mempengaruhi morbiditas dan mortalitas. Ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik baik profilaksis maupun empirik pada tindakan pembedahan sangat penting untuk mengurangi risiko Â resistensi bakteri dan Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) contohnya Infeksi Luka Operasi (ILO). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan antibiotikÂ sebagai profilaksis dan empirik pada pasien bedah orthopedi. Metode: Penelitian observational deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional terhadap data rekam medis pasien bedah orthopedi RSPI Prof.Dr. Sulianti Saroso periode Januari-Juli 2019 yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Hasil: Diperoleh 52 rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan 84 peresepan antibiotik. Pasien perempuan sebanyak 55,77% sedangkan laki-laki 44,23% ; jenis operasi bersih 71%, kotor 17% dan bersih-terkontaminasi 12%; pasien tanpa penyakit penyerta sebanyak 55,77%, satu penyakit penyerta 32,70% dan â‰¥ 2 penyakit penyerta 11,53%. Penggunaan antibiotik terapi empirik 72,62% dan profilaksis 27,38%. Antibiotik empirik dan profilaksis yang paling banyak digunakan adalah ampicillin sulbactam (42,65% dan 52,17%). Jenis kasus ortopedi terbanyak adalah kasus infeksi sebanyak 53 %. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan antibiotik empirik maupun profilksis bedah terbanyak pada pasien bedah orthopedi di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso adalah ampicillin/sulbactam.
Aplikasi Smartphone Efektif digunakan untuk Pengawasan Keseimbangan Cairan pada Anak dengan Penyakit Infeksi
Authors: Nuraidah Nuraidah , Nurhaeni Nani , Wanda Dessie 
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: Keseimbangan cairan sangat penting untuk kelangsungan hidupÂ sehingga pengawasan cairan perlu diperhatikan. Pencatatan keseimbangan cairan diperlukan untuk menjadi dasar penilaian yang akurat dari status keseimbangan cairan pasien anak dan menjadi dasar pertimbangan pemberian terapi selanjutnya. Untuk memudahkan perawat melakukan pencatatan keseimbangan cairan yang akurat diperlukan inovasi menggunakan teknologi berbasis smartphone. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas pengawasan cairan menggunakan lembar observasi dengan aplikasi smartphone. Metode: Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengembangan aplikasi smartphone bernama SIMBaCaAn berdasarkan tinjauan pustaka yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison,Outcome). Uji efektifitas aplikasi SIMBaCaAn dilakukan pada 48 pasien anak yang dirawat di salah satu rumah sakit rujukan di DKI Jakarta. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji statistik Kappa Test. Hasil: Pengawasan keseimbangan cairan yang menggunakan lembar observasi menghasilkan pencatatan data tidak lengkap sebesar 14,6%, data lengkap tidak tepat 20,8% dan data lengkap tepat sebanyak 64,4 %. Sedangkan pengawasan keseimbangan cairan menggunakan aplikasi SIMBaCaAn didapatkan hasil data tidak lengkap 18,7% dan hasil data lengkap tepat 81,3%. Dari hasil uji statistik, ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengawasan keseimbangan cairan menggunakan aplikasi dan lembar observasi. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi smartphone lebih efektif terhadap pencatatan keseimbangan cairan secara lengkap tepat dibandingkan dengan lembar observasi manual.
Kompres dengan Teknik Warm Water Sponge pada Pasien Anak yang Mengalami Demam
Authors: Agustina Novita , Nurhaeni Nani , Wanda Dessie 
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: Demam pada anakÂ menyebabkan orangtua membawa anaknya ke pelayanan kesehatan dan menjadi penyebab utama anak dirawat di rumah sakit. Warm water sponge adalah satu mekanisme menurunkan demam pada anak dimana keberhasilannya bisa mencapai 100 %, namun penggunaannya di Indonesia baru sebatas kompres dengan teknik tepid water sponge. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari study ini adalah untuk melihat efektifitas kompres menggunakan teknik warm water sponge pada anak dengan peningkatan suhu tubuh. Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimental pre-posttest with control group design. Responden berjumlah 36 pasien anak yang mengalami demam yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling, terdiri dari 18 pasien anak menerima perlakuan warm water sponge dan 18 pasien anak menerima perlakuan kompres sesuai standar rumah sakit. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah uji T Independent. Hasil: Intervensi warm water sponge efektif menurunkan suhu tubuh anak yang mengalami demam dengan hasil uji T Dependent diperoleh Â Pvalue =0,000 < Î± (0,05). Kesimpulan: Warm water sponge efektif menurunkan suhu tubuh pasien anak yang demam dan pasien anak lebih merasa nyaman dibandingkan dengan terapi penurunan panas yang biasa dilakukan di rumah sakit.
Morphofunctional Changes in Oral Mucosa Vessels when Healing a Wound Defect Using a Polymer Membrane
Authors: Koniaeva A. D. , Varakuta E. Yu. , Leuman A. E. 
Published: December 2021

This works aims to study morphofunctional changes in the vessels of the oral mucosa during regeneration of a wound defect with and without a polymer membrane.An experiment was carried out on 35 white Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, experimental 1 and experimental 2. To form a wound defect, a ﬂap of the oral mucosa was excised, which was covered by a polymeric piezoelectric membrane in the rats of group 2. Histological examination was carried out on the 3rd, 7th and 12th days: the control material was taken, histological preparations were made according to the standard method. In the lesion focus and surrounding tissues, speciﬁc areas and numerical densities of arterioles, venules and capillaries were determined; the pericapillary diffusion index, Kernogan index and arterio-venular ratio were calculated.On the 3rd day, all indicators in all experimental groups did not signiﬁcantly differ from each other, but had signiﬁcant differences from the control group. On the 7th day of the study, in the 1st group, the numerical density of open arterioles and venules corresponded to the control group. In group 2, the numerical density of capillaries and altered venules, as well as the index of pericapillary diffusion, signiﬁcantly differed from the control. On the 12th day of the study, the numerical density of open venules reached control values in the uncoated group. In the 2nd group, all indicators corresponded to the control values.Protection of the wound defect from microbial contamination and re-traumatization, the presence of piezoelectric properties of the membrane under study contributed to a more effective restoration of vessels. This conﬁrms the efﬁcacy of the membrane under study when used as a wound covering.
Absence of Glutathione S-Transferase Theta 1 Gene Is Significantly Associated With Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Pakistani Population and Poor Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients: A Case-Control and Case Series Analysis
Authors: Ajaz Sadia , Zaidi Sani-e-Zehra , Ali Saleema Mehboob , Siddiqa Aisha , Memon Muhammad Ali , Firasat Sadaf , Abid Aiysha , Khaliq Shagufta 
Published: December 2021

PurposeDeletion of Glutathione S-Transferase Theta 1 (GSTT1) encoding gene is implicated in breast cancer susceptibility, clinical outcomes, and survival. Contradictory results have been reported in different studies. The present investigation based on a representative Pakistani population evaluated the GSTT1-absent genotype in breast cancer risk and prognosis.MethodsA prospective study comprising case-control analysis and case series analysis components was designed. Peripheral blood samples were collected from enrolled participants. After DNA extraction, GSTT1 genotyping was carried out by a multiplex PCR with β-globin as an amplification control. Association evaluation of GSTT1 genotypes with breast cancer risk, specific tumor characteristics, and survival were the primary endpoints.ResultsA total of 264 participants were enrolled in the molecular investigation (3 institutions). The study included 121 primary breast cancer patients as cases and 143 age-matched female subjects, with no history of any cancer, as controls. A significant genetic association between GSTT1-absent genotype and breast cancer susceptibility (p-value: 0.03; OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.08-4.29) was reported. The case-series analysis showed lack of association of GSTT1 genotypes with menopause (p-value: 0.86), tumor stage (p-value: 0.12), grade (p-value: 0.32), and size (p-value: 0.07). The survival analysis revealed that GSTT1-absent genotype cases had a statistically significant shorter overall survival (OS) than those with the GSTT1-present genotype cases (mean OS: 23 months vs 33 months). The HR (95% CI) for OS in patients carrying GSTT1-absent genotype was 8.13 (2.91-22.96) when compared with the GSTT1-present genotype.ConclusionsThe present study is the first report of an independent significant genetic association between GSTT1-absent genotype and breast cancer susceptibility in a Pakistani population. It is also the foremost report of the association of this genotype with OS in breast cancer cases. Upon further validation, GSTT1 variation may serve as a marker for devising better population-specific strategies. The information may have translational implications in the screening and treatment of breast cancers.