bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment faire de la philosophie avec les enfants ?
Authors: Simon Jean Pascal , Boulnois Marion 
Published: June 2021

Nous allons, dans un premier temps, montrer, que les discussions à visée philosophique (DVP), même si elles ne sont pas inscrites dans les programmes de l'Éducation nationale en France, sont légitimes dans la classe parce qu’elles sont en cohérence avec le socle commun et qu’elles permettent d’éveiller les enfants et les collégiens à une autre dimension de l’éducation : le penser par soi-même, le plaisir de la spéculation, l’éveil aux grandes questions de la philosophie, la familiarisation avec les auteurs et les textes. D'autre part, prenant appui sur une réflexion issue d'un séminaire de recherche-action, nous proposerons des principes de mise en œuvre de ces DVP. Ainsi, nous formulerons quatre exigences qui nous semblent minimales pour que ces débats prennent réellement en compte la dimension philosophique annoncée dans leur dénomination.
Schématisation et description du fonctionnement de la communication dans les ateliers-philo en contexte scolaire
Authors: Auriel Aline 
Published: June 2021

À travers cet article, nous proposons une modélisation de la discussion à visée philosophique (DVP) en tant que situation de communication particulière, afin d’appréhender le fonctionnement de la communication au sein de ces espaces de pensée collective. Nous nous plaçons dans une approche systémique-constructiviste-interactionniste, mettant en avant l’importance d’une vision globale de la communication, plutôt que de se centrer sur chaque échange. Cette vision nous permet de décrire le fonctionnement des interactions animateur-élève et élève-élève, au sein de la DVP ; ainsi que de répertorier les éléments à prendre en compte lors de l’analyse, tels que le macro-contexte de la DVP, par exemple.
Combined geophysical techniques for detailed groundwater flow investigation in tectonically deformed fractured rocks
Authors: John Alexopoulos  , Emmanuel Vassilakis  , Spyridon Dilalos  
Published: June 2021

<p>In this paper we present a combination of several near surface geophysical investigation techniques with high resolution remote sensing image interpretations, in order to define the groundwater flow paths and whether they can be affected by future seismic events. A seasonal spring (Amvrakia) located at the foot of Meteora pillars near the village of Kastraki (Greece) was chosen as a test site. The Meteora conglomeratic formations crop out throughout the study area and are characterized by large discontinuities caused by post Miocene till present tectonic deformation [Ferriere et al. 2011, Royden and Papanikolaou 2011]. A network of groundwater pathways has been developed above the impermeable marls underlying the conglomeratic strata. Our research aims to define these water pathways in order to investigate and understand the exact mechanism of the spring by mapping the exposed discontinuity network with classic field mapping and remote sensing image interpretation and define their underground continuity with the contribution of near surface geophysical techniques. Five Very Low Frequency (VLF) profiles were conducted with different directions around the spring aiming to detect possible conductive zones in the conglomeratic formations that the study area consists of. Moreover, two Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) sections of a total length of 140m were carried out parallel to the VLF profiles for cross-checking and verifying the geophysical information. Both techniques revealed important conductive zones (&lt;200 Ohm m) within the conglomerate strata, which we interpret as discontinuities filled with water supplying the spring, which are quite vulnerable to displacements as the hydraulic connections between them might be easily disturbed after a future seismic event.</p>
XCO2 retrieved from IASI using KLIMA algorithm
Authors: Samuele Del Bianco  , Bruno Carli  , Marco Gai  , Lucia Maria Laurenza  , Ugo Cortesi  
Published: June 2021

Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is the main greenhouse gas released into the Earth’s atmosphere by human activities. The concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere depends on the balance of natural sources and sinks, which are being perturbed by anthropogenic forcing due to fossil fuel burning, uncontrolled urban development, deforestation and other land use changes. An improvement in our understanding of processes responsible for absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> is urgently needed both for a reliable estimate of future CO<sub>2</sub> levels, and for the enforcement of effective international agreements for its containment. [...]
Geology and geophysics at the archeological park of Vulci (central Italy)
Authors: Marco Marchetti  , Vincenzo Sapia  , Adriano Garello  , Donatella De Rita  , Alessandra Venuti  
Published: June 2021

<p>The Vulci archeological site was object of interest by the Soprintendenza ai beni culturali dell’Etruria meridionale (Italian government department responsible for southern Etruria’s cultural heritage) since the beginning of the 20th century. In 2001, the Ministero dei Beni Culturali (Italian ministry of cultural heritage) along with the local authorities, opened a natural-archeological park. In this area, it lies most of the ancient Etruscan city of Velch (today known by its Latin name, Vulci) including the Osteria Necropolis that is the object of this study. Recently, new archaeological excavations were made and the local authorities needed major geological information about the volcanic lithotypes where the Etruscans used to build their necropolis. The aim of this study is to define the geological and geophysical characteristics of the rock lithotypes present in the Vulci park. For this purpose, a geological map of the area (1:10000) has been realized. Moreover, two different geophysical methods were applied: measurements of magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity tomography. Magnetic susceptibility analyses clearly identify magnetic contrasts between different lithotypes; the characteristics of the pyroclastic flow that originated the Sorano unit 2 and its vertical facies variations are well recorded by this parameter that along with lithostratigraphic observations provides information about the depositional conditions. Two electrical resistivity tomographies were performed, which show the Sorano unit 2 thickness to be of c. 7 m with resistivity values ranging from 200 to 400 Ω·m. This kind of multidisciplinary approach resulted to be suitable to study this type of archaeological sites, revealing that areas characterized by a relevant thickness and wide areal extension of volcanic lithotypes can be a potential site where Etruscans might have excavated their necropolis.</p>
Improvements on Near Real Time Detection of Volcanic Ash Emissions for Emergency Monitoring with Limited Satellite Bands
Authors: Torge Steensen  , Peter Webley  , Jon Dehn  
Published: June 2021

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Quantifying volcanic ash emissions syneruptively is an important task for the global aviation community. However, due to the near real time nature of volcano monitoring, many parameters important for accurate ash mass estimates cannot be obtained easily. Even when using the best possible estimates of those parameters, uncertainties associated with the ash masses remain high, especially if the satellite data is only available in the traditional 10.8 and 12.0 μm bands. To counteract this limitation, we developed a quantitative comparison between the ash extents in satellite and model data. The focus is the manual cloud edge definition based on the available satellite reverse absorption (RA) data as well as other knowledge like pilot reports or ground-based observations followed by an application of the Volcanic Ash Retrieval on the defined subset with an RA threshold of 0 K. This manual aspect, although subjective to the experience of the observer, can show a significant improvement as it provides the ability to highlight ash that otherwise would be obscured by meteorological clouds or, by passing over different surfaces with unaccounted temperatures, might be lost entirely and thus remains undetectable for an automated satellite approach. We show comparisons to Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion models and outline a quantitative match as well as percentages of overestimates based on satellite or dispersion model data which can be converted into a level of reliability for near real time volcano monitoring. </span></p></div></div></div>
Data insertion in volcanic ash cloud forecasting
Authors: Kate Louise Wilkins  , Shona Mackie  , Matthew Watson  , Helen N. Webster  , David J. Thomson  , Helen F. Dacre  
Published: June 2021

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>During the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in April and May 2010, the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre demonstrated the importance of infrared (IR) satellite imagery for monitoring volcanic ash and validating the Met Office operational model, NAME. This model is used to forecast ash dispersion and forms much of the basis of the advice given to civil aviation. NAME requires a source term describing the properties of the eruption plume at the volcanic source. Elements of the source term are often highly uncertain and significant effort has therefore been invested into the use of satellite observations of ash clouds to constrain them. This paper presents a data insertion method, where satellite observations of downwind ash clouds are used to create effective ‘virtual sources’ far from the vent. Uncertainty in the model output is known to increase over the duration of a model run, as inaccuracies in the source term, meteorological data and the parameterizations of the modelled processes accumulate. This new technique, where the dis- persion model (DM) is ‘reinitialized’ part-way through a run, could go some way to addressing this. </span></p></div></div></div>
Laparoscopic gastrectomy in remnant gastric cancer
Authors: Çiçek Egemen , Zengin Akile , Güneş Örgün , Sümer Fatih , Kayaalp Cüneyt 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Remnant Gastric Cancer (RGC) describes cancers occurring in the remaining stomach and/or anastomosis in the follow-up after gastric cancer or benign gastric surgery. RGC is diagnosed in esophago-gastroscopy follow-ups of patients who underwent this surgery in the past. Again, the increase in the success of gastric cancer surgery and following medical treatments has increased the incidence of RGC in long-term follow-up after gastric cancer surgery. Laparoscopic surgery has been also reported in few cases. In the present study, the purpose was to present the results of the first five patients that underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy due to RGC in our clinic.
Material and Methods: The patients who underwent laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery between November 2014 and December 2018 were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 62.4 years (ranging between 49 and 74 years). Two of these patients had a surgical history due to gastric cancer and 3 due to peptic ulcer. Surgery was completed laparoscopically in all patients. In the early period, one patient had to undergo re-surgery due to stenosis in Jejuno-Jejunostomy, and the patient died. One patient underwent laparotomy due to colonic stenosis in the second month after the surgery. Recurrence was detected on the 140th and 180th days of follow-up in the other two patients.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is a technically applicable method in RGC; however, it is also a risk factor for past surgical postoperative complications. Early recurrence in this group of patients requires a comparison of open and laparoscopic surgery.
Large-scale synoptic drivers of co-occurring summertime ozone and PM2.5 pollution in eastern China
Authors: Zong Lian , Yang Yuanjian , Gao Meng , Wang Hong , Wang Peng , Zhang Hongliang , Wang Linlin , Ning Guicai , Liu Chao , Li Yubin , Gao Zhiqiu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Surface ozone (O3) pollution during summer (June–August) over eastern
China has become more severe in recent years, resulting in a co-occurrence
of surface O3 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic
diameters ≤ 2.5 µm in the air) pollution. However, the mechanisms
regarding how the synoptic weather pattern (SWP) might influence this compound
pollution remain unclear. In this study, we applied the T-mode principal
component analysis (T-PCA) method to objectively classify the occurrence of
four SWPs over eastern China, based on the
geopotential heights at 500 hPa during summer (2015–2018). These four SWPs
over eastern China were closely related to the western Pacific subtropical
high (WPSH), exhibiting significant intra-seasonal and interannual
variations. Based on ground-level air quality observations, remarkable
spatial and temporal disparities of surface O3 and PM2.5 pollution
were also found under the four SWPs. In particular, there were two SWPs that
were sensitive to compound pollution (Type 1 and Type 2). Type 1 was
characterized by a stable WPSH ridge with its axis at about 22∘ N
and the rain belt located south of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD); Type 2 also exhibited WPSH dominance (ridge axis at ∼ 25∘ N) but with the rain belt (over the YRD) at a higher latitude
compared to Type 1. In general, SWPs have played an important role as
driving factors of surface O3–PM2.5 compound pollution in a
regional context. Our findings demonstrate the important role played by SWPs
in driving regional surface O3–PM2.5 compound pollution, in
addition to the large quantities of emissions, and may also provide insights
into the regional co-occurring high levels of both PM2.5 and O3
via the effects of certain meteorological factors.
Hydrological response to warm and dry weather: do glaciers compensate?
Authors: Van Tiel Marit , Van Loon Anne F. , Seibert Jan , Stahl Kerstin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Warm and dry summer days can lead to low streamflow due to a lack of rainfall and increased evaporation. In glacierized catchments, however, such periods can lead to a very different hydrological response as glaciers can supply an increased amount of meltwater, thereby compensating for the rainfall deficits. Here, we analyzed glacier-fed streamflow responses to warm and dry (WD) periods in long-term streamflow observations (>50 years). WD events during summer (June–September) were analyzed for catchments with varying glacier cover in western Canada, southwestern Norway, and the European Alps. WD events were defined by days with temperatures above a daily varying threshold, based on the 80th percentile of the respective long-term temperature data for that day in the year, and daily precipitation sums below a fixed threshold (<2 mm d−1) for a minimum duration of 7 d. Streamflow responses to these WD events were expressed as level of compensation (C) and were calculated as the event streamflow relative to the long-term streamflow regime. C≥100 % indicates that increased melt and other catchment storages could compensate, or even overcompensate, the rainfall deficit and increased evaporation. Results showed a wide range of compensation levels, both between catchments and between different WD events in a particular catchment. C was, in general, higher than 100 % for catchments with a relative glacier cover higher than 5 %–15 %, depending on region and month. June was the month with highest compensation levels, but this was likely more influenced by snowmelt than by glacier melt. For WD events in September, C was still higher than 100 % in many catchments, which likely indicates the importance of glacier melt as a streamflow contributor in late summer. There was a considerable range in C of different WD events for groups of catchments with similar glacier cover. This could be partly explained by antecedent conditions, such as the amount of snow fallen in the previous winter and the streamflow conditions 30 d before the WD event. Some decreasing trends in C were evident, especially for catchments in western Canada and the European Alps. Overall, our results suggest that glaciers do not compensate straightforwardly, and the range in compensation levels is large. The different streamflow components – glacier, snow and rain – and their variations are important for the buffering capacity and the compensating effect of glaciers in these high mountain water systems.
Simon DAVIES, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. Colonial Traveller, Enlightenment Reformer, Celebrity Writer. Liverpool University Press, 2021. Voltaire Foundation
Authors: Woodward Servanne 
Published: June 2021

A book review of Simon Davies’ biography of Bernardin de Saint-Pierre with archival documentation, also reframed on our society’s current interests (ecology ; vegetarianism ; religion and state ; education…), and including our modern trend of colonial history, as well as cultural history such as the birth of celebrity phenomena.
Challenges of IoT Deployment in the Context of Developing Countries
Authors: León-Ávila Bernardo Y. , Hernández-Cabrera Yunior R. , Quintero-Domínguez Luis A. , Hernández Pentón Felipe , Quesada Espinosa Frank R. 
Published: June 2021

The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is not exactly a novelty, even if it has not burst out yet with all the force that the market expected. The 5th generation of mobile telephony (5G) is rushing to deploy in the midst of a real trade war, and intends to get one’s own way on this and others fronts. This paper analyses how to overcome the challenges of an IoT deployment, which can be too complex to fulfil its promise of massification and ubiquity. This analysis is primarily intended to identify whether 5G will be the key to a current IoT deployment in all contexts, or whether it is wise to pursue other development paths first.
Formulation and Evaluation Lotion of Tengkawang Seed Fat (Shorea mecistopteryx Ridley) and Cocoa Fat (Theobroma cacao L.) as a Base
Authors: Maria Elvina Tresia Butar-Butar  , Yulia Sukawaty  , Hayatus Sa'adah  
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK
Lemak biji tengkawang (Shorea mecistopteryx Ridley) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan khas Kalimantan yang memiliki karakteristik fisik menyerupai lemak kakao. Kandungan lemak nabati yang tinggi pada lemak biji tengkawang, seperti asam oleat sebesar 55,95%, asam palmitat 14,02%, miristat 0,05%, dan stearat 0,05% mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian dengan memanfaatkan lemak biji tengkawang sebagai basis dalam pembuatan sediaan kosmetika, seperti losion. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengkombinasi lemak biji tengkawang dan lemak kakao sebagai basis losion. Kombinasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik losion yang dihasilkan dari perbedaan kosentrasi. Karakteristik fisik losion diketahui melalui beberapa evaluasi, yaitu organoleptis, homogenitas, viskositas, pH, daya lekat, penyusutan bobot, dan stabilitas secara mekanik. Berdasarkan evaluasi yang dilakukan diperoleh data yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan kosentrasi basis terhadap karakteristik fisik losion. Perbedaan karakteristik fisik yang mencolok terutama terlihat pada nilai viskositas yang menunjukkan formula I 1485,55 cp, formula II 3408,88 cp, formula III 2017,77 cp, dan formula IV 3314,44 cp. Viskositas meningkat seiring lama waktu penyimpanan dan ini berbanding lurus dengan kemampuan daya lekat losion.

ABSTRACT
Tengkawang seed fat (Shorea mecistopteryx Ridley) is one of the typical plants of Kalimantan that has physical characteristics resembling cocoa fat. The high content of vegetable fats in tengkawang seed fats, such as oleic acid by 55.95%, palmitic acid 14.02%, miristat 0.05%, and stearate 0.05% encouraged researchers to conduct research by utilizing tengkawang seed fat as the basis in the manufacture of cosmetic preparations, such as lotions. This research was conducted by combining tengkawang seed fat and cocoa fat as the basis of lotion. This combination aims to determine the physical characteristics of lotions resulting from differences in concentration. The physical characteristics of lotions are known through several evaluations, namely organoleptis, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, adhesion, weight shrinkage, and mechanical stability. Based on the evaluation conducted obtained data that shows the influence caused by differences in the concentration of the base to the physical characteristics of lotions. Striking differences in physical characteristics are especially noticeable in viscosity values indicating formulation I 1485.55 cp, formulation II 3408.88 cp, formulation III 2017.77 cp, and formulation IV 3314.44 cp. Viscosity increases over a long period of time and this is directly proportional to the lotion's adhesion capability.
Pembelajaran Berbasis Konstruktivisme untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pokok Himpunan
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri 
Published: June 2021

Pembelajaran pada hakekatnya adalah pembelajaran yang mampu berinteraksi dan mampu memahami materi pembelajaran di saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Salah satu diantaranya adalah pembelajaran melalui penggunaan pendekatan konstruktivisme yang merupakan alternatif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa pada materi pokok himpunan kelas VII D SMP Negeri 1 Kuripan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa melalui aktivitas belajar siswa dan hasil evaluasi belajar siswa setelah penerapan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus yang memuat tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi evaluasi dan refleksi. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII Semester Genap SMP Negeri 1 Kuripan yang terdiri dari 40 siswa. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah : 1) tes hasil belajar yang diberikan setiap berakhirnya siklus belajar mengajar, 2) lembar observasi untuk memperoleh gambaran langsung tentang kegiatan belajar mengajar matematika melalui pembelajaran konstruktivisme. Sebagai indikator penelitian adalah adanya peningkatan rata-rata skor hasil balajar siswa maupun aktivitas belajar siswa. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan rata-rata skor hasil belajar siswa yaitu pada siklus I, sebesar 69,39 dengan presentase ketuntasan 65%. Pada siklus II, rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 75,5 dengan presentase ketuntasan 85%, sedangkan skor aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I, rata-rata aktivitas siswa sebesar 2,66 dengan kategori cukup aktif,dan pada siklus II rata-rata aktivitas siswa sebesar 3,5 dengan kategori aktif. Nilai ini telah memenuhi kriteria sesuai dengan indikator penelitian yaitu adanya peningkatan rata-rata skor hasil belajar siswa, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa materi pokok himpunan pada siswa kelas VII D SMP Negeri 1 Kuripan Tahun Pelajaran 2011/2012.
ON RINGS SATISFYING BOTH OF 1-abc AND 1-cba BEING INVERTIBLE OR NONE
Authors: YEN CHEN-TE 
Published: June 2021

Let $R$ be a ring with identity 1 and $n$ a positive integer. We define the property Pn as follows:
(Pn) If $1- a_1a_2a_3 \cdots a_{n-1}a_n$ is invertible in $R$, then so is $1- a_na_2a_3 \cdots a_{n-1}a_1$.
Thus, $R$ satisfies (Pn), for some $n \ge 3$ if and only if $R$ satisfies (P3). Some properties of rings satisfying (P3) are obtained, e.g., $R$ must be directly finite.
CO-RS-COMPACT TOPOLOGIES
Authors: EL-MONSEF M. E. ABD , KOZAE A. M. , KHADRA A. A. ABO 
Published: June 2021

A topology $R(\tau)$ is contructed from a given topolgy $\tau$ on a set $X$ . $R(\tau)$ is coarser than $\tau$, and the following are some results based on this topology:
1. Continuity and RS-continuity are equivalent if the codomain is re­ topologized by $R(\tau)$.
2. The class of semi-open sets with respect to $R(\tau)$ is a topology.
3. $T_2$ and semi-$T_2$ properties are equivalent on a space whose topology is $R(\tau)$.
4. Minimal $R_0$-spaces are RS-compact: