bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopsychosocial inequality, active lifestyle and chronic health conditions: a cross-sectional National Health Survey 2013 in Brazil
Authors: Guedes Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves , Araújo Rodolpho Nunes , da Silva Lídia Reniê Fernandes , Araujo Diego Neves , de Assis Sanderson José Costa , Guedes Thais Sousa Rodrigues , Marinho Eldys Myler Santos , de Souza Clécio Gabriel , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study estimated the biopsychosocial factors related to active physical behavior in the Brazilian population with and without chronic non-transmissible disease (NCD). Cross-sectional study of the National Health Survey (NHS) in Brazil, with 60,202 individuals in 2013. Participants were randomly selected by complex sampling. The outcome was physically active behavior measured by performing a minimum of 150 min of physical exercise per week. The independent variables were social and psychological characteristics, lifestyle and health. Cox regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). There are 29,666 (48.3%; 95% CI 47.0–50.0) participants reported having NCD. Not being a smoker or alcoholic, living in an urban area (PR = 1.44; CI95% 1.23–1.68/PR = 1.38; CI95% 1.08–1.75), having informal social support (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.10–1.44/PR = 1.19; CI95% 1.05–1.34), A social class (PR = 0.43; CI95% 0.25–0.73/PR = 0.46; CI95% 0.26–0.80), high schooling (PR = 0.34; CI95% 0.23–0.51/PR = 0.33; CI95% 0.24–0.46) as well as paid work (PR = 0.87; CI95% 0.78–0.96/PR = 0.89; CI95% 0.79–0.99) are more associated with active lifestyle in both groups. However, only in the group without NCD, the male sex (PR = 1.42; CI95% 1.28–1.57), no having some disability (PR = 1.31; CI95% 1.03–1.66) and having private health insurance (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.13–1.41) were more associated with active behavior, while in the group with NCD, being elderly (PR = 1.22; CI95% 1.05–1.42), not be white (PR = 0.85; CI95% 0.77–0.95) and not having restful sleep (PR = 1.23; CI95% 1.08–1.40) are associated with active lifestyle. People with and without NCD in Brazil have very close active behavior, however, some biopsychosocial factors such as: sex, age, lifestyle, socioeconomic level are unevenly associated with the active lifestyle in the groups. Thus, therapeutic or preventive proposals as well as public policies for health promotion must observe these distinctions when elaborating their actions.
Reliability‐based quantization for soft decoding of LDPC codes in short‐reach optical links
Authors: Haddadi Sadjad , Farhang Mahmoud , Derakhtian Mostafa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEfficient quantizer design is vital in high‐speed optical receivers. In this paper, the authors propose a three‐level (1.5‐bit) reliability‐based quantizer for low‐complexity soft decoding of low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) codes, and show that it outperforms a conventional quantizer employing eight levels (3 bits). Different approaches for obtaining the quantization thresholds are discussed, and it is shown that the achievable channel capacity with the proposed quantizer is within 0.4 dB of the Shannon limit of the unquantized channel. Rate‐compatible LDPC codes are also designed tailored to the asymmetric optical channel terminated with the proposed reliability‐based quantizer, and it is shown that the resulting quantizer‐aware LDPC codes significantly outperform other existing codes of similar rates.
High gain, high isolation, and low‐profile two‐element MIMO array loaded by the Giuseppe Peano AMC reflector for wireless communication systems
Authors: Malekpoor Hossein , Abolmasoumi Ali , Hamidkhani Mehdi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA low‐profile printed dipole antenna (PDA) backed by a broadband Giuseppe Peano fractal artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced for wireless communications. A suggested PDA with a pair of microstrip dipoles excited by an E‐shaped microstrip feedline is used to expand the bandwidth range of 5.5–6.96 GHz (S11 ≤ −10 dB). Then, the suggested Giuseppe Peano fractal AMC surface as a reflector of the antenna is inserted into the PDA to improve radiation efficiency. The PDA with the 4 × 4 Giuseppe Peano AMC array exhibits −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth from 4.25 to 7.10 GHz (50.2%) for the wireless local area network and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The suggested PDA with AMC compared to the PDA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 50.5%, enhanced gain up to 8.2 dBi, and excellent impedance matching (at least −19 dB) with uni‐directional radiation patterns. The novel AMC unit cell is realized based on the Giuseppe Peano fractal patch to operate at 6.10 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 5.15–7.10 GHz (32%). Besides, by loading a 4 × 8 AMC reflector into the two‐element array with diverse polarisations, a low profile wideband printed structure with enhanced radiation properties is achieved. The measured results show the broad bandwidths from 4.3 to 7.05 GHz for two elements with enhanced gains and good isolations between the elements (more than 28.5 dB) for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems.
Electric field characteristics of UHV DC tension string during insulator replacement by two workers
Authors: Ding Yujian , Li Jiawei , Sun Wenxiu , Wang Huapeng , Yao Xiuyuan , Su Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe UHV DC tension insulator strings are often large‐tonnage suspension porcelain or glass insulators with high mechanical strength. The single insulator is heavy, so two workers working at the same time are required to make a replacement on insulator strings in live working conditions. One of the key problems that must be solved in live working conditions is to select an appropriate way to reach the working position and realize the potential transfer between two workers. In this paper, the electric field calculation model of live working of ±800 kV tension strings was established. The process that two workers enter and leave the working position along the tension string and different conditions that two workers replace insulators were simulated and analyzed, and distribution characteristics of the electric field of insulator strings and live workers were obtained. According to the calculation results, when the two workers replace the tension insulators in different tension strings, it is easy to realize the potential transfer, so as to reach the same potential for work. The study results of this paper provide a basis for the selection of replacement method of large‐tonnage single insulator by two workers, and a theoretical basis for UHV DC live working.
Verhaltensmedizinisch orientierte Rehabilitation in der Kardiologie aus der Sicht der Patienten – eine qualitative Untersuchung
Authors: Menke Elisabeth , China Claudia , Schroeder Friedrich , Bethge Matthias , Benninghoven Dieter 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die Studie erhebt Erfahrungen, die Patienten im Rahmen der verhaltensmedizinisch orientierten Rehabilitation (VOR) in der Kardiologie als neu eingeführtem Rehabilitationskonzept (Interventionsgruppe) gemacht haben. Es erfolgt ein Vergleich mit den Erfahrungen von Patienten im bisherigen Konzept der kardiologischen Heilbehandlung (Kontrollgruppe). Das neue Behandlungsformat wird anhand des psychologischen Gruppenkonzeptes und anhand der erbrachten therapeutischen Leistungen beschrieben und mit der konventionellen kardiologischen Heilbehandlung verglichen.Material und Methoden In der Interventions- und Kontrollgruppe wurden in Fokusgruppen zwanzig Leitfadeninterviews (10 Interviews pro Bedingung) durchgeführt, aufgezeichnet und transkribiert. Die Auswertung erfolgte in Anlehnung an die inhaltlich strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz. Die erbrachten Leistungen wurden anhand der Klassifikation therapeutischer Leistungen in der medizinischen Rehabilitation (KTL) dokumentiert.Ergebnisse Unterschiede in den erbrachten Leistungen ergaben sich konzeptgetreu vor allem im Bereich der psychologischen Leistungen. Die inhaltsanalytische Auswertung zeigte vorrangig positive Erfahrungen der Patienten im Rahmen der neu eingeführten verhaltensmedizinisch orientierten kardiologischen Rehabilitation. Relevante Konzeptbausteine wie die Akzeptanz- und Commitment-Therapie (ACT) fanden besonderen Anklang.Schlussfolgerung Die neu eingeführte verhaltensmedizinisch orientierte kardiologische Rehabilitation mit einer stärkeren psychologischen Gewichtung wurde in ihrem angedachten Format von den Patienten grundsätzlich positiv aufgenommen. Organisatorische Bedingungen sollten so angepasst werden, dass eine stärkere Konstanz der Behandler gewährleistet werden kann. Das Manual der psychologischen Gruppengespräche ist um eine noch explizitere Thematisierung von Herzängsten zu ergänzen.
The Durability of Zirconia/Resin Composite Shear Bond Strength using Different Functional Monomer of Universal Adhesives
Authors: Klaisiri Awiruth , Krajangta Nantawan , Thamrongananskul Niyom 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective This study examined the effectiveness of different functional monomers in universal adhesives on zirconia/resin composite bond strength both before and after thermocycling. Four universal adhesives (G-premio bond universal, GPU; Clearfil Tri-S bond universal, CTB; Optibond Universal, OBU; Tetric N-bond universal; TNU), one adhesive (single bond 2; SB2), and one ceramic primer (Clearfil ceramic primer plus, CCP) were used in this study.
Materials and Methods Zirconia discs were prepared and embedded in acrylic. Specimens were polished and sandblasted with alumina. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups (24 hours and the thermocycled), and each group was divided into six subgroups (n = 10), according to zirconia surfaces treatments: no Tx, CCP + SB2, GPU, CTB, OBU, TNU. An Ultradent mold was located on top of the treated zirconia surface. The resin composite was filled into the mold and then light-cured. A universal testing device was used to determine the shear bond strength.
Statistical Analysis The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.
Results After water storage for 24 hours, the shear bond strengths were GPU > CCP + SB2 = CTB = OBU = TNU > no Tx (p < 0.05). After thermocycling, the shear bond strengths were CCP + SB2 = GPU = CTB = TNU > OBU > no Tx (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The universal adhesives containing 10-MDP exhibited the best performance in the shear bond strength of the zirconia/resin composite interface both before and after thermocycling.
Bricks as arguments
Authors: Constant Sarah J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study applies LeoGroarke’s (2019)ART approach and KC (Key Component) table method to social housing buildings designed by a significant Dutch architectural movement during the early twentieth century – the so-called Amsterdam School. Unlike members of other contemporary architectural movements, architects of the Amsterdam School seldom wrote about their theories or beliefs, leaving very little evidence about their feelings and attitudes apart from the architectural forms they constructed. The expressive designs of Amsterdam School social housing buildingsHet SchipandDe Dageraadpresent promising opportunities for theoretical reflection on architecture as a form of embodied visual and multimodal argumentation (‘bricks as arguments’), however, other theoretical tools may be necessary to supplement the ART approach in order to fashion a critical method capable of apprehending the full scope of argumentation in the complex and rich Dutch polylogue.
Demosthenes’ strategic maneuvering in theFirst Olynthiac
Authors: Svačinová Iva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article focuses on the analysis of Demosthenes’ strategic maneuvering in theFirst Olynthiacdelivered in the Athenian Assembly of the People in 349 BC. It is a case study of the famous § 24 in which Demosthenes calls for the attack on Philip of Macedonia, based on a hypothetical reciprocal scenario: Philip would attack Athens in a similar situation. The first part of the paper offers an argumentative characterisation of the Assembly of the People. Subsequently, the historical and situational circumstances of the speech are described, and an argumentative reconstruction of Demosthenes’ speech is presented. The evaluation of the speech’s context serves as a reference point for the analysis of strategic maneuvering by putting forward the argument in § 24. The argument is analysed in terms of three strategic maneuvering aspects: choice of topical potential, adaptation to audience demands, and presentational devices.
Philosophy, Law, and Permission
Authors: Kletzer Christoph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
The Idea of a Pure Theory of Law presents a new jurisprudential theory based on Hans Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law. This article responds to some criticisms of that book, in particular those that question the role that permissions can play in our thinking about he law. The article begins with a brief restatement of the basic ideas behind my theory of permission and then tackles the most salient clusters of criticism. It ends with a discussion of some more general points that have been made about my book.
Industry-collaborative mesh trials to reduce bycatch in the Falkland Islands skate trawl fishery (Southwest Atlantic)
Authors: Arkhipkin Alexander , Skeljo Frane , Wallace James , Derbyshire Cian , Goyot Ludovic , Trevizan Toni , Winter Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Falkland Islands conduct one of the few targeted skate fisheries in the world with total annual catches of several thousand tonnes. This bottom trawl fishery is characterized by relatively low catch volumes and product yield that challenge commercial profitability. Recently, one Falkland Islands fishing company acquired a large proportion of the skate ITQ, and to optimise its fishing operations, proposed a research collaboration with the Falkland Islands Fisheries Department for assessing the performance of trawls equipped with either standard 110 mm codend mesh, or larger 300 and 400 mm meshes. The results of the trial confirmed the efficiency of larger mesh codends to decrease finfish bycatch by 97–98%. Additionally, trawls with 400 mm mesh significantly decreased the bycatch of commercially valueless small skates that would experience high discard mortality. As a result of the trial, the Falkland Islands Government implemented a regulatory licence condition of 400 mm codend mesh for targeted skate fishing. Besides greater production efficiency, vessel operators are incentivized by possible wider access throughout the fishing zone. Further initiatives are anticipated to develop management measures by individual species, continue improving conservation through bycatch mitigation in all fisheries, and diversify Falklands skate products in global markets.
Impact of Viral Radiographic Features on Antibiotic Treatment for Pediatric Pneumonia
Authors: Geanacopoulos Alexandra T , Lipsett Susan C , Hirsch Alexander W , Monuteaux Michael C , Neuman Mark I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background/Objectives
Chest radiograph (CXR) is routinely performed among children with suspected pneumonia, though it is not clear how specific radiographic findings impact antibiotic treatment for pneumonia. We evaluated the impact of viral radiographic features on antibiotic treatment among children undergoing pneumonia evaluation in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
Children presenting to a pediatric ED who underwent a CXR for pneumonia evaluation were prospectively enrolled. Prior to CXR performance, physicians indicated their level of suspicion for pneumonia. The CXR report was reviewed to assess for the presence of viral features (peribronchial cuffing, perihilar markings, and interstitial infiltrate) as well as radiographic features suggestive of pneumonia (consolidation, infiltrate, and opacity). The relationship between viral radiographic features and antibiotic treatment was assessed based on the level of clinical suspicion for pneumonia prior to CXR.

Results
Patients with normal CXRs (n = 400) and viral features alone (n = 370) were managed similarly, with 8.0% and 8.6% of patients receiving antibiotic treatment, respectively (P = .75). Compared with children with radiographic pneumonia (n = 174), patients with concurrent viral features and radiographic pneumonia (n = 177) were treated with antibiotics less frequently (86.2% vs 54.3%, P &lt; .001). Among children with isolated viral features on CXR, antibiotic treatment rates were correlated with pre-CXR level of suspicion for pneumonia.

Conclusions
Among children with suspected pneumonia, the presence of viral features alone on CXR is not associated with increased rates of antibiotic use. Among children with radiographic pneumonia, the addition of viral features on CXR is associated with lower rates of antibiotic use, as compared to children with radiographic pneumonia alone.
The Jewish Israeli Diaspora
Authors: Gold Steven J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Among the largest Jewish migrant populations in Western societies during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Israeli emigrants live and work with native-born Jews, achieve impressive records of social and economic mobility, raise families, and acquire citizenship. Yet they commonly reject the assimilationist narrative emphasized by local coreligionists, socialize almost exclusively with other Israelis, frequently describe their intentions to return home and often do so. Generally educated and white, their reluctance to join the host society reflects their national identity rather than discrimination. Initially stigmatized by both Israel and the Jewish communities in points of settlement, Israeli émigrés’ presence abroad is now increasingly tolerated for political, economic, and cultural reasons. This article describes Israeli emigrants’ experience and examines how they try to reconcile conflicting identities associated with the country of origin and host society.
The Doctrine of Exile in Kabbalah
Authors: Flatto Sharon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exile (galut)—and the attempt to end it—is one of primary aims and motifs of Jewish mysticism and Kabbalah. Kabbalists have conceived of exile as the existential state of man (the divine soul trapped in the body), the predicament and mission of the Jewish people (banished from Israel), and, most dramatically, the current condition of God and the cosmos. Classic kabbalistic works, such as the Zohar, explain that man’s original sin caused the initial rupture within God, while humanity’s ongoing transgressions increasingly intensify it. Since the earliest kabbalistic writings, in the twelfth century, and continuing until today, numerous Kabbalists have boldly asserted that the primary purpose of both the Torah and man’s deeds is to mend these fractures by unifying the male and female aspects of God, raising the dispersed divine sparks, and elevating man’s dislocated soul. Through these mystical processes, the exile will draw to a close, ushering in the messianic age.
Distinctiveness and Diaspora in Medieval and Early Modern Jewish Thought
Authors: Gottlieb Michah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the connection between concepts of Jewish distinctiveness and diaspora/exile in five paradigmatic medieval and early modern Jewish thinkers. The article argues that the medieval Jewish thinkers examined, Judah Halevi and Moses Maimonides, wrote primarily for a Jewish audience, and as such their conceptions of Jewish distinctiveness and diaspora were aimed at bolstering Jewish self-confidence. By contrast, the early moderns Simone Luzzatto and Menasseh ben Israel wrote primarily for Gentile audiences and articulated conceptions of Jewish distinctiveness and diaspora aimed at ameliorating Jewish political standing. A third early modern thinker, Benedict Spinoza, also discussed Jewish distinctiveness and diaspora for activist ends, but did so in a deflationary way, as his concern was not with improving the political status of Jews, but rather with promoting the general public’s freedom to philosophize.
Belonging Across the Diaspora
Authors: Slucki David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter traces the rise of global Jewish organizations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, arguing that such groups helped usher Jews into modernity. This was a period of great technological advancement, in which the rise of mass transportation and mass communication meant that Jews enjoyed unprecedented mobility. Jewish communities also experienced great upheaval, with the breakdown of traditional Jewish institutions, particularly the medieval kehilla. As a response to these changing circumstances, Jews in the United States and Europe established modern and secular organizations and found ways to be Jewish in a changing world. These associations served a range of purposes: fraternal, political, cultural, and memorial. This chapter focuses on some of the most important of these bodies, including the International Order of the B’nai B’rith, the Jewish Labor Bund, and landsmanshaftn, which together helped shape the lives of millions of Jews in the modern period.
Holocaust Survivor Diaspora(s)
Authors: Jockusch Laura , Patt Avinoam J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the evolution of “Holocaust survivor diasporas” in the aftermath of World War II by examining how the experience of survival under Nazi occupation created a distinct and shared identity for those who would emerge from the war. In the early postwar period, survivors formed transnational networks on the basis of shared wartime experience, common geographical origin, and shared political agendas that were far more specific than the more general category of “Holocaust survivors” that would develop later, in the last decades of the twentieth century. Survivors and the distinct organizations they formed came to play a prominent role in both defining the categories of “Holocaust” and “survivor” and in shaping subsequent efforts at Holocaust education and memorialization.
‘Saving’ the Jews of the Diaspora
Authors: Leff Lisa Moses , Kurz Nathan A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Jewish international aid is largely a modern phenomenon in which Jews reach out in solidarity to offer aid to their brethren suffering elsewhere in the diaspora. The flow of aid has, with few exceptions, travelled from West to East, with highly assimilated Jews in Europe and the United States leading the charge. The form of activism they developed has roots in Jewish traditions, but is also inspired by traditions of secular humanitarianism shared with non-Jews across the West, including the imperial “civilizing mission.” In the nineteenth century, Jewish international activists sought to transform the lives of Jews through education and campaigns for greater civil and political rights, and often worked through states. In the first half of the twentieth century, Jewish internationalism blossomed, as dedicated institutions with professional staff used diplomacy, social work, and modern finance to address the needs of millions of Jews. Although the results of such aid have been mixed, it is clear that Jewish internationalism has transformed relations among the Jews of the diaspora.