bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arrayed CRISPR reveals genetic regulators of tau aggregation, autophagy and mitochondria in Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Duan Lishu , Hu Mufeng , Tamm Joseph A. , Grinberg Yelena Y. , Shen Fang , Chai Yating , Xi Hualin , Gibilisco Lauren , Ravikumar Brinda , Gautam Vivek , Karran Eric , Townsend Matthew , Talanian Robert V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with poor prognosis. New options for drug discovery targets are needed. We developed an imaging based arrayed CRISPR method to interrogate the human genome for modulation of in vitro correlates of AD features, and used this to assess 1525 human genes related to tau aggregation, autophagy and mitochondria. This work revealed (I) a network of tau aggregation modulators including the NF-κB pathway and inflammatory signaling, (II) a correlation between mitochondrial morphology, respiratory function and transcriptomics, (III) machine learning predicted novel roles of genes and pathways in autophagic processes and (IV) individual gene function inferences and interactions among biological processes via multi-feature clustering. These studies provide a platform to interrogate underexplored aspects of AD biology and offer several specific hypotheses for future drug discovery efforts.
Repurposing a digital kitchen scale for neuroscience research: a complete hardware and software cookbook for PASTA
Authors: Virag D. , Homolak J. , Kodvanj I. , Babic Perhoc A. , Knezovic A. , Osmanovic Barilar J. , Salkovic-Petrisic M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWidely available low-cost electronics encourage the development of open-source tools for neuroscientific research. In recent years, many neuroscientists recognized the open science movement for its potential to stimulate and encourage science that is less focused on money, and more on robustness, validity, questioning and understanding. Here, we wanted to contribute to this global community by creating a research platform based on a common digital kitchen scale. This everyday ordinary kitchen tool is sometimes used in neuroscience research in various ways; however, its use is limited by sampling rate and inability to store and analyze data. To tackle this problem we developed a Platform for Acoustic STArtle or PASTA. This robust and simple platform enables users to obtain data from kitchen scale load cells at a high sampling rate, store it and analyze it. Here, we used it to analyze acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition sensorimotor gating in rats treated intracerebroventricularly with streptozotocin, but the system can be easily modified and upgraded for other purposes. In accordance with open science principles, we shared complete hardware design with instructions. Furthermore, we also disclose our software codes written for PASTA data acquisition (C++, Arduino) and acoustic startle experimental protocol (Python) and analysis (ratPASTA R package—R-based Awesome Toolbox for PASTA, and pastaWRAP—Python wrapper package for ratPASTA). To further encourage the development of our PASTA platform we demonstrate its sensitivity by using PASTA-gathered data to extract breathing patterns during rat freezing behavior in our experimental protocol.
The AMBRE Project: Origin and evolution of sulfur in the Milky Way
Authors: Perdigon J. , de Laverny P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Fernandez-Alvar E. , Santos-Peral P. , Kordopatis G. , Álvarez M. A. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Sulfur is a volatile chemical element that plays an important role in tracing the chemical evolution of the Milky Way and external galaxies. However, its nucleosynthesis origin and abundance variations in the Galaxy are still unclear because the number of available stellar sulfur abundance measurements is currently rather small.
Aims. The goal of the present article is to accurately and precisely study the sulfur content of large number of stars located in the solar neighbourhood.
Methods. We use the parametrisation of thousands of high-resolution stellar spectra provided by the AMBRE Project, and combine it with the automated abundance determination GAUGUIN to derive local thermodynamic equilibrium sulfur abundances for 1855 slow-rotating FGK-type stars. This is the largest and most precise catalogue of sulfur abundances published to date. It covers a metallicity domain as high as ∼2.5 dex starting at [M/H] ∼ −2.0 dex.
Results. We find that the sulfur-to-iron abundances ratio is compatible with a plateau-like distribution in the metal-poor regime, and then starts to decrease continuously at [M/H] ∼ −1.0 dex. This decrease continues towards negative values for supersolar metallicity stars as recently reported for magnesium and as predicted by Galactic chemical evolution models. Moreover, sulfur-rich stars having metallicities in the range [ − 1.0, −0.5] have very different kinematical and orbital properties with respect to more metal-rich and sulfur-poor ones. Two disc components, associated with the thin and thick discs, are thus seen independently in kinematics and sulfur abundances. The sulfur radial gradients in the Galactic discs have also been estimated. Finally, the enrichment in sulfur with respect to iron is nicely correlated with stellar ages: older metal-poor stars have higher [S/M] ratios than younger metal-rich ones.
Conclusions. This work has confirmed that sulfur is an α-element that could be considered to explore the Galactic populations properties. For the first time, a chemo-dynamical study from the sulfur abundance point of view, as a stand-alone chemical element, is performed.
Steady state by recycling prevents premature collapse of protoplanetary atmospheres
Authors: Moldenhauer T. W. , Kuiper R. , Kley W. , Ormel C. W. 
Published: February 2021

Context. In recent years, space missions such as Kepler and TESS have discovered many close-in planets with significant atmospheres consisting of hydrogen and helium: mini-Neptunes. This indicates that these planets formed early in gas-rich disks while avoiding the runaway gas accretion that would otherwise have turned them into hot-Jupiters. A solution is to invoke a long Kelvin-Helmholtz contraction (or cooling) timescale, but it has also been suggested that thermodynamical cooling can be prevented by hydrodynamical planet atmosphere-disk recycling.
Aims. We investigate the efficacy of the recycling hypothesis in preventing the collapse of the atmosphere, check for the existence of a steady state configuration, and determine the final atmospheric mass to core mass ratio.
Methods. We use three-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations to model the formation of planetary proto-atmospheres. Equations are solved in a local frame centered on the planet.
Results. Ignoring small oscillations that average to zero over time, the simulations converge to a steady state where the velocity field of the gas becomes constant in time. In a steady state, the energy loss by radiative cooling is fully compensated by the recycling of the low entropy gas in the planetary atmosphere with high entropy gas from the circumstellar disk.
Conclusions. For close-in planets, recycling naturally halts the cooling of planetary proto-atmospheres, preventing them from contracting toward the runaway regime and collapsing into gas giants.
The Evolution of Economic Activity in the Rural Area of Region 2 South - East
Authors: Balasan Daniela – Lavinia , Buhociu Dragoş Horia 
Published: February 2021

When we talk about economic development, we can refer to improve the standard of living and the prosperity of the population. This is due by increasing per capita income. In order to analyze economic activity, severe indicators must be studied, namely productivity, economic growth rate, labour force share, gross domestic product.
In order to carry out as accurate an analysis as possible, it is required to discover the bottlenecks and problems that Region 2 South East makes and to develop a set of reservations and indications leading to the reduction and, why not, the removal of negative aspects.
The main purpose of this work is to achieve a strategic plan by studying the current state and the impact of the economic system in recent times in all its forms, with a view to the development of the countryside of Region 2 South – East.
I set out to create a website based on the advice of small rural entrepreneurs that evolves gathering information in realistically identifying all the strengths and concentrating them in the region’s potential innovation.
The frequency of buying cured meat products in the context of consumers’ store choices
Authors: Grubor Aleksandar , Milicevic Nikola , Djokic Nenad 
Published: February 2021

Research background: In the sector of cured meat production and sale, companies are struggling to attract as many consumers as possible. Because of this, special attention should be dedicated to the examination of consumer behavior towards cured meat products. In relation to this, there are studies, including different types of factors, such as geographic, economic and socio-demographic. In this paper, consumer behavior regarding cured meat products was investigated from the aspect of consumers’ store choices.
Purpose of the article: The paper examines the frequency of buying cured meat products on a monthly basis, taking into account factors that influence consumers store choices. Based on the buying frequency, all respondents have been divided into low, medium and high frequency segments, which were compared in relation to store choosing factors.
Methods: The research was conducted on a sample that included 449 respondents from the city of Novi Sad. They were interviewed in 2019, by the use of a specially designed questionnaire. For processing the data, one way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were implemented.
Findings & Value added: The obtained results have shown that the largest percent of respondents – nearly 60% - belong to medium frequency segment, followed by high frequency segment (about one third of respondents) and low frequency segment (less than 10%). The closeness to place of living, appropriate working hours, wide assortment, quality of products and favorable prices belong to the top 5 most influential factors in each of the segments. These findings can be used by manufacturers and retailers when making decisions regarding production and marketing activities.
Spine Examination during COVID-19 Pandemic via Video Consultation
Authors: Jansen Tom , Gathen Martin , Touet Amadeo , Goost Hans , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Burger Christof , Pflugmacher Robert , Welle Kristian , Kabir Koroush 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction During the current COVID-19 pandemic video consultations are increasingly common in order to minimize the risk of infection for staff and patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a spine examination via video.
Methods A total of 43 patients were recruited. Each participant underwent a video-based (VB) and a conventional face-to-face (FTF) spine examination. Pain intensity, active range of motion, inspection, a neurophysiologic basic exam and provocations tests were evaluated using video-based and face-to-face methods.
Results The intra-rater reliability (IRR) was measured between both examinations. Good to very good IRR values were obtained in inspection (Kappa between 0,752 und 0,944), active range of motion and basic neurophysiological examination (Kappa between 0,659 und 0,969). Only moderate matches were found in specific provocation tests (Kappa between 0,407 und 0,938). A video-based spine examination is a reliable tool for measuring pain intensity, active range of motion and a basic neurophysiologic exam.
Conclusion A basic spine examination during a video consultation is possible. A good agreement of the test results between video-based and face-to-face examination could be found.
Digenic Inheritance in Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Somarajan Bindu I. , Gupta Shikha , Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Azmira Kishan , Gupta Viney 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJuvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is an uncommon subset of primary glaucoma with an onset before the age of 40 years. In this case report, we describe the cosegregation of MYOC, p.Pro370Leu and LTBP2, p.Pro432Leu mutations in a family with JOAG. The family with autosomal dominant JOAG belonged to Northern India. The samples of proband and her parents were evaluated by whole exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was conducted in all the study participants to check the mutations identified. Both MYOC and LTBP2 mutations were found to cosegregate in affected individuals leading to a severe JOAG phenotype, thereby suggesting a digenic inheritance of MYOC with LTBP2 in this family.
Effects of the current land tenure on augmenting household farmland access in South East Ethiopia
Authors: Leta Teshome Beyene , Berlie Arega Bazezew , Ferede Mehrete Belay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccording to the current land policy of Ethiopia, rural households are legally allowed to access agricultural lands. Nonetheless, the difficulty of rural population in accessing farmlands makes controversial authenticity of this land tenure to solve problems of household farmland access. This study aimed at assessing the effects of the current land tenure on augmenting household farmland access in Ethiopia. The study followed a mixed-methods research design to investigate the variables in the study. Thus, data were collected through a survey questionnaire, focus group discussion and interviews between May and June 2019. For data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistics methods were employed. Consequently, study results indicated that the mean farmland size per household was 1.59 ha and government land allocation accounted for 41.9%. The farmland accesses of households headed by persons below 35 years were 13% and that of all female-headed households was 23.2%. It also showed that there were illegal farmland accesses via furtive farmland purchasing. On top of this, 63% of respondents perceived that the current land tenure was not a good rule. The regression analysis showed that the number of oxen, total crop production; annual income, education, and credit access were determinants of household farmland size. In conclusion, farmland scare areas in Ethiopia like Arsi zone have problems of deficient government land allocation, as well as unforeseen illicit farmland transactions. Given augmenting household farmland access, the study recommended that female-headed households have to be empowered and younger-headed households should be encouraged to enhancing their farmland accesses. The farming community should affirm to legal land regulations for maintaining their tenure arrangements. The local government should work according to land rules to liquidate illicit land markets. The national government should mitigate imbalanced farmland access by enforcing land rule acts such as land redistribution and reallocation with the consultation of the people. All level governments should strictly control alarming illegal changes of farmlands to urban areas by illicit land transactions.
Emotion matters
Authors: Levy Rachel S. , Kelly Spencer D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent theories and neural models of co-speech gesture have extensively considered its cognitive role in language comprehension but have ignored the emotional function. We investigated the integration of speech and co-speech gestures in memory for verbal information with different emotional connotations (either positive, negative, or neutral). In a surprise cued-recall task, gesture boosted memory for speech with all three emotional valences. Interestingly, gesture was more likely to become integrated into memory of neutrally and positively valenced speech than negatively valenced speech. The results suggest that gesture-speech integration is modulated by emotional valence of speech, which has implications for the emotional function of gesture in language comprehension.
Late-time cosmology of scalar-coupled

f(R,G)

gravity
Authors: Odintsov S D , Oikonomou V K , Fronimos F P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work by using a numerical analysis, we investigate in a quantitative way the late-time dynamics of scalar coupled

f

(

R
,
G

)

gravity. Particularly, we consider a Gauss–Bonnet term coupled to the scalar field coupling function ξ(ϕ), and we study three types of models, one with f(R) terms that are known to provide a viable late-time phenomenology, and 2 Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet types of models. Our aim is to write the Friedmann equation in terms of appropriate statefinder quantities frequently used in the literature, and we numerically solve it by using physically motivated initial conditions. In the case that f(R) gravity terms are present, the contribution of the Gauss–Bonnet related terms is minor, as we actually expected. This result is robust against changes in the initial conditions of the scalar field, and the reason is the dominating parts of the f(R) gravity sector at late times. In the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet type of models, we examine two distinct scenarios, firstly by choosing freely the scalar potential and the scalar Gauss–Bonnet coupling ξ(ϕ), in which case the resulting phenomenology is compatible with the latest Planck data and mimics the Λ-cold-dark-matter model. In the second case, since there is no fundamental particle physics reason for the graviton to change its mass, we assume that primordially the tensor perturbations propagate with the speed equal to that of light’s, and thus this constraint restricts the functional form of the scalar coupling function ξ(ϕ), which must satisfy the differential equation

ξ

̈

=
H

ξ

̇

. The latter equation is greatly simplified when late times are considered and can be integrated analytically to yield a relation for

ξ

̇

, which depends solely on the Hubble rate, in a model independent way. This leads eventually to an elegant simplification of the Friedmann equation, which when solved numerically, yields a viable late-time phenomenology. A common characteristic of the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet models we considered is that the dark energy era they produce is free from dark energy oscillations.
Surface potential in n- and p-GaInP2(100): temperature effect
Authors: Lebedev Mikhail V , Savchenko Grigory M , Averkiev Nikita S , Hajduk Andreas , Kaiser Bernhard , Jaegermann Wolfram 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Surface potentials in chemically etched n- and p-GaInP2(100) are investigated by synchrotron-radiation photoemission spectroscopy at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. It is found that at low temperature the surface band bending in both n- and p-GaInP2(100) is reduced so that the surface bands become nearly flat. This effect is explained in the framework of semiconductor surface electrostatics. The proposed model enables quantitative characterization of the surface state spectrum based on the experimentally determined values of the surface potential at different temperatures. In particular, the surface states density values obtained are 2 × 1012 and 7 × 1012 cm–2 for n- and p-GaInP2(100) surfaces, respectively.
Nucleon scattering analysis with a lane-consistent dispersive optical potential for Hf, W and Ta isotopes
Authors: Zhao Xiuniao , Sun Weili , Soukhovitskiĩ E Sh , Martyanov D S , Quesada J M , Capote R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nucleon scattering on tungsten and neighboring nuclei are analyzed with a coupled-channels method based on a soft-rotator structure model. The multiple band couplings and nuclear stretching factors are built using nuclear wave functions of the soft-rotator model with the Hamiltonian parameters adjusted to reproduce the energy of low-lying collective levels of corresponding nuclei. A regional lane-consistent dispersive coupled-channels optical-model potential is derived to reproduce the neutron total cross sections, nucleon elastic and inelastic scattering angular distributions, and analyzing powers. Excellent agreement with measurements is obtained for neutron total cross sections of 182,183,184,186W, 178Hf, and 181Ta targets in the whole energy range from 100 keV to 200 MeV; other scattering data are found to be in good agreement with measurements. A deformation-dependent nuclear radius correction arising from the volume conservation condition is introduced and allowed to remove phenomenological radii dependencies on nuclear mass from the potential geometry.
Helping restricted Boltzmann machines with quantum-state representation by restoring symmetry
Authors: Nomura Yusuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The variational wave functions based on neural networks have recently started to be recognized as a powerful ansatz to represent quantum many-body states accurately. In order to show the usefulness of the method among all available numerical methods, it is imperative to investigate the performance in challenging many-body problems for which the exact solutions are not available. Here, we construct a variational wave function with one of the simplest neural networks, the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), and apply it to a fundamental but unsolved quantum spin Hamiltonian, the two-dimensional J
1–J
2 Heisenberg model on the square lattice. We supplement the RBM wave function with quantum-number projections, which restores the symmetry of the wave function and makes it possible to calculate excited states. Then, we perform a systematic investigation of the performance of the RBM. We show that, with the help of the symmetry, the RBM wave function achieves state-of-the-art accuracy both in ground-state and excited-state calculations. The study shows a practical guideline on how we achieve accuracy in a controlled manner.
Role of anti-phase boundaries in the formation of magnetic domains in magnetite thin films
Authors: Moreno Roberto , Jenkins Sarah , Skeparovski Aleksandar , Nedelkoski Zlatko , Gerber Alexander , Lazarov Vlado K , Evans Richard F L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Anti-phase boundaries (APBs) are structural defects which have been shown to be responsible for the anomalous magnetic behavior observed in different nanostructures. Understanding their properties is crucial in order to use them to tune the properties of magnetic materials by growing APBs in a controlled way since their density strongly depends on the synthesis method. In this work we investigate their influence on magnetite (Fe3O4) thin films by considering an atomistic spin model, focussing our study on the role that the exchange interactions play across the APB interface. We conclude that the main atypical features reported experimentally in this material are well described by the model we propose here, confirming the new exchange interactions created in the APB as the responsible for this deviation from bulk properties.
Numerical analysis of two-filter method for continuous measurement of airborne Rn-222
Authors: Wang Yadong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The two-filter method enables the continuous measurement of airborne Rn-222 via simultaneously sampling and counting. However, the slow time response of the two-filter detector and the overlapping counting data derived from the intervallic data acquisition make the interpretation of measurement results complicated. A valid data analysis to exactly match the series of counting data with the corresponding radon concentrations is desired. In this work, the continuous sampling and counting processes of the two-filter method is depicted numerically and the calculation of radon concentration from the raw counting data is given with detailed formulas. The numerical model is used to quantitatively investigate the influences of several key factors, including the volume of the radon delay chamber (5–10 000 l), the flow rate of air sampling (2.5–1000 l min−1) and the interval time of data acquisition (5–120 min), on the measurement sensitivity and accuracy, which provides an approach for the optimization of the design and measurement settings of a specific two-filter detector in relation to these aspects.