bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yanes-Lane Mercedes , Ortiz-Brizuela Edgar , Campbell Jonathon R. , Benedetti Andrea , Churchyard Gavin , Oxlade Olivia , Menzies Dick 
Published: September 2021

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) is an essential component of care for people living with HIV (PLHIV). We compared efficacy, safety, completion, and drug-resistant TB risk for currently recommended TPT regimens through a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized trials.

Methods and findings
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception through June 9, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing 2 or more TPT regimens (or placebo/no treatment) in PLHIV. Two independent reviewers evaluated eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We grouped TPT strategies as follows: placebo/no treatment, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid, 24 to 72 months of isoniazid, and rifamycin-containing regimens. A frequentist NMA (using graph theory) was carried out for the outcomes of development of TB disease, all-cause mortality, and grade 3 or worse hepatotoxicity. For other outcomes, graphical descriptions or traditional pairwise meta-analyses were carried out as appropriate. The potential role of confounding variables for TB disease and all-cause mortality was assessed through stratified analyses.
A total of 6,466 unique studies were screened, and 157 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 20 studies (reporting 16 randomized trials) were included. The median sample size was 616 (interquartile range [IQR], 317 to 1,892). Eight were conducted in Africa, 3 in Europe, 3 in the Americas, and 2 included sites in multiple continents. According to the NMA, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid were no more efficacious in preventing microbiologically confirmed TB than rifamycin-containing regimens (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.4, p = 0.8); however, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid were associated with a higher incidence of all-cause mortality (IRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0, p = 0.02) and a higher risk of grade 3 or higher hepatotoxicity (risk difference [RD] 8.9, 95% CI 2.8 to 14.9, p = 0.004). Finally, shorter regimens were associated with higher completion rates relative to longer regimens, and we did not find statistically significant differences in the risk of drug-resistant TB between regimens. Study limitations include potential confounding due to differences in posttreatment follow-up time and TB incidence in the study setting on the estimates of incidence of TB or all-cause mortality, as well as an underrepresentation of pregnant women and children.

Conclusions
Rifamycin-containing regimens appear safer and at least as effective as isoniazid regimens in preventing TB and death and should be considered part of routine care in PLHIV. Knowledge gaps remain as to which specific rifamycin-containing regimen provides the optimal balance of efficacy, completion, and safety.
Can sterilization of disposable face masks be an alternative for imported face masks? A nationwide field study including 19 sterilization departments and 471 imported brand types during COVID-19 shortages
Authors: van Straten B. , Robertson P. D. , Oussoren H. , Pereira Espindola S. , Ghanbari E. , Dankelman J. , Picken S. , Horeman T. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Face masks, also referred to as half masks, are essential to protect healthcare professionals working in close contact with patients with COVID-19-related symptoms. Because of the Corona material shortages, healthcare institutions sought an approach to reuse face masks or to purchase new, imported masks. The filter quality of these masks remained unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the quality of sterilized and imported FFP2/KN95 face masks.

Methods
A 48-minute steam sterilization process of single-use FFP2/KN95 face masks with a 15 minute holding time at 121°C was developed, validated and implemented in the Central Sterilization Departments (CSSD) of 19 different hospitals. Masks sterilized by steam and H2O2 plasma as well as new, imported masks were tested for particle filtration efficiency (PFE) and pressure drop in a custom-made test setup.

Results
The results of 84 masks tested on the PFE dry particle test setup showed differences of 2.3±2% (mean±SD). Test data showed that the mean PFE values of 444 sterilized FFP2 face masks from the 19 CSSDs were 90±11% (mean±SD), and those of 474 new, imported KN95/FFP2 face masks were 83±16% (mean±SD). Differences in PFE of masks received from different sterilization departments were found.

Conclusion
Face masks can be reprocessed with 121 °C steam or H2O2 plasma sterilization with a minimal reduction in PFE. PFE comparison between filter material of sterilized masks and new, imported masks indicates that the filter material of most reprocessed masks of high quality brands can outperform new, imported face masks of unknown brands. Although the PFE of tested face masks from different sterilization departments remained efficient, using different types of sterilization equipment, can result in different PFE outcomes.
Metastatic Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma Presenting as Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Park Nathan , Han James , Shah Sagar , Chahine Anastasia , Samarasena Jason 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in men aged 20–35 years, usually presenting with painless scrotal swelling. Metastases, should they occur, frequently involve retroperitoneal lymph nodes, which drain the testes. Gastrointestinal (GI) metastases are rare, and metastatic disease may not initially be considered in a young man presenting with GI hemorrhage. This case demonstrates the importance of evaluating for a primary underlying malignancy, especially if other causes of GI hemorrhage have been ruled out. Testicular primary should additionally be considered in men because early intervention may often lead to improved clinical outcomes.
Synergistic therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment based on nanophototherapy
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Song Ruixiang , Li Xiaosong , Zhou Feifan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Treatment of malignant tumors has always been a worldwide challenge. The complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity of tumors have prompted the treatment strategies to gradually shift from monotherapy to combination therapy that can synergize multiple treatment modalities. With unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials have been widely used in different cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and phototherapy. Especially, the variability and integrity of nanomaterials make them ideal media for synergistic collaboration strategies. Here, we provide our perspective on the synergistic strategy of nanoplatform-mediated phototherapies and related combination therapies, specifically photochemotherapy, photoradiotherapy, and photoimmunotherapy. Besides, we provide an analysis and outlook on the current challenges faced by synergistic nanophototherapy.
An Operative Sequences Network: The Technical Organization at Casa Montero Early Neolithic Flint Mine (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Castañeda Nuria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to analyze in which way the technical system of the Early Neolithic flint mine of Casa Montero (5350–5220 cal. BC) was organized to manage different flint-based reduction sequences. The particular features and genesis of Casa Montero’s flint limited the efficiency of one of the main goals of the mine: blade production. As a result, a great amount of the extracted raw material was discarded throughout the process. However, an efficiently planned management allowed its reuse for other purposes. One of the key social activities that took place at the mine was knapping apprenticeship. Younger community members were progressively introduced to this complex technical system, taking part in a many-sided set of tasks and parts of the whole production process, from extraction to recycling and waste management. However, knapping learning, as an operative sequence itself, needs a great amount of raw material. By means of the factorial analysis of the relationships between skill levels and raw material varieties and features of blanks, we can understand the complex organization of this technical system in which some strategies were carried out to avoid competition for raw material and allow motivation of apprentices. The spheres of mining, knapping, and learning coexist harmonically and benefit each other. Younger people of the community participated in mining as a workforce, knapping offers them abundant waste to practice, and learning allows social reproduction.
Developing a Reference Collection for Starch Grain Analysis in Early Neolithic Western Temperate Europe
Authors: Cagnato Clarissa , Hamon Caroline , Salavert Aurélie , Elliott Michelle 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
While we know that cereals played an important role in the diet of Linearbandkeramik (LBK) and Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain (BVSG) populations in the Paris Basin, many questions remain to be answered as to the real contribution of other plants. To assess this topic, the recovery of other lines of data beyond macrobotanicals is crucial: starch grains have the potential to reveal additional information regarding past plant use. However, in Western Europe, in particular, for the Neolithic period, there is a significant lag in the development of the discipline. We, therefore, present how our current reference collection (composed of nearly 100 taxa spread across 35 families) was established, the reasoning behind our plant selections, and where the material comes from. Overall, our work shows that even though not all the selected plant organs produce diagnostic starch grains, it may be possible to broaden the spectrum of plants likely consumed by Early Neolithic (and beyond) populations in the Paris Basin, in particular concerning the use of wild plants and specific plant parts, especially underground storage organs (tubers, rhizomes, roots, bulbs, etc.). We believe our research will help guide future scholars in the creation of their own starch grain reference collection and to carry out such analyses on archaeological material from this region by consulting our image database. We conclude by providing a brief summary of what the starch grain record in the Paris Basin tells us to date on ancient plant use.
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of ovarian reserve after cancer treatment and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood: proposal for a systematic approach to gonadal assessment
Authors: Molinari Silvia , Parissone Francesca , Evasi Veronica , De Lorenzo Paola , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Cesaro Simone , Fraschini Donatella , Sangalli Roberta , Cacace Gianluca , Biondi Andrea , Balduzzi Adriana , Cattoni Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

Objective
Female patients treated with alkylating agents in childhood are at risk for ovarian impairment. We aimed at describing the pattern of residual ovarian function in a cohort of survivors of hematological malignancies and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and assessing the relationship between cyclophosphamide equivalent dose (CED) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH).

Design and methods
Gonadal health was clinically and biochemically assessed in 124 post-menarchal survivors who underwent treatment for pediatric hematological malignancies and/or HSCT between 1992 and 2019.

Results
Overt 'premature ovarian insufficiency' (POI) was detected in 72.1 and 3.7% of transplanted and non-transplanted patients, respectively; milder 'diminished ovarian reserve' (DOR) in 16.3 and 22.2%. In non-transplanted patients, increasing CED values were associated with lower AMH-SDS (P = 0.04), with the threshold of 7200 g/m2 being the best discriminator between DOR/POI and normal ovarian function (AUC: 0.75 on ROC analysis) and with an observed decrease of 0.14 AMH-SDS for each CED increase of 1 g/m2. In addition, age at diagnosis ≥10 years played a detrimental role on ovarian reserve (P = 0.003). In the HSCT group, irradiation was associated with a statistically significant reduction in AMH-SDS (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
In non-transplanted patients, CED ≥ 7200 mg/m2 was associated with a DOR, while younger age at diagnosis played a protective role on ovarian reserve. As a result of the data collected, we propose a systematic algorithm to assess iatrogenic gonadal impairment in young female patients exposed to chemo-radiotherapy in childhood for hematological disorders.
Disclosure of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Across Sexual and Gender Identities
Authors: Burke Taylor A. , Bettis Alexandra H. , Barnicle Sierra C. , Wang Shirley B. , Fox Kathryn R. 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES
Evidence suggests that sexual minority (SM) and gender minority (GM) youth are more likely to experience self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) than heterosexual and cisgender youth. A major barrier to identifying and treating SITBs is nondisclosure. In this study, we explored differences in SITB disclosure patterns between SM and GM youth and their heterosexual and cisgender peers. In this study, we further examined the association between discrimination experiences and SITB disclosure.

METHODS
Adolescents (N = 931) completed questionnaires assessing demographics, SITBs, disclosure history, disclosure barriers, future intentions to disclose SITBs, and discrimination history.

RESULTS
Few differences in SITB disclosure patterns emerged between SM and GM youth and heterosexual and cisgender youth (P &gt; .05). SM and GM youth endorsed greater rates of fear of disclosure to and worrying parents, two parent-related barriers (χ22 = 8.11, P = .017; χ22 = 7.25, P = .027). GM youth reported greater discrimination experiences than SM youth (F = 6.17, P = .002); discrimination experiences impacted their willingness to disclose future SITBs more so than their SM and heterosexual and cisgender peers (F = 11.58, P &lt; .001). Among the full sample, more discrimination experiences were associated with lower previous disclosure honesty to therapists and pediatricians (r = −0.09 to −0.10, P &lt; .05). Among SM and GM youth, discrimination experiences were associated with lesser odds of disclosing suicide attempts in the future (r = −0.12, P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Minority stress experiences may interfere with SITB disclosure, particularly among GM youth. Targeted interventions should be considered to reduce minority stress and support disclosure.
Anti-staphylococcal effect of cinnamaldehyde in milk
Authors: Babic Milijana , Glisic Milica , Djordjevic Jasna , Zdravkovic Nemanja , Savic-Radovanovic Radoslava , Baltic Milan , Bošković Cabrol Marija 
Published: September 2021

The survival of Staphylococcus aureus in inoculated (105 colony forming units [CFU]/mL) 3.2% and 0.5% fat ultra-high temperature-pasteurized milk samples containing 0%, 0.05%, or 0.1% cinnamaldehyde stored at 4°C or 10°C was evaluated within 15 days. S. aureus populations reached 7.92 (0.5% fat) and 7.95 (3.2% fat) log CFU/mL in control milk samples stored at 10°C, while in milk sample stored at 4°C, S. aureus counts remained almost unchanged. At the end of the study, the number of this pathogen decreased by 1.52–4.04 log CFU/mL in milk treated with cinnamaldehyde. The greatest anti-staphylococcal effect was achieved in low-fat milk at 10°C and treated with 0.1% cinnamaldehyde.
A területi kormányzás és a területi integráció vizsgálata Baranya megye fejlesztési dokumentumaiban az uniós csatlakozástól napjainkig
Authors: Pámer Zoltán 
Published: September 2021

A magyar területfejlesztési politika origójának tekinthető 1996-os területfejlesztési törvény elfogadásakor szervesen illeszkedett az európai területi gondolkodást meghatározó folyamatokba. Az európai területi gondolkodás, a kohéziós politika újabb időszakaiban megjelenő logika, a területi kohézió és területi integráció kérdése, az új eszközök lenyomata azonban már csak részben, vagy egyáltalán nem jelent meg a szabályozásban. A tanulmány célja, hogy Baranya megye példáján bemutassa a magyar területfejlesztési politika korszakait az uniós csatlakozást megelőző évtől napjainkig, mindezt a helyalapú (place-based) területfejlesztési politikai megközelítés érvényesülésén keresztül.
A tanulmány első része áttekintő jelleggel bemutatja a területi kormányzás és a területi kohézió fogalmainak szakirodalmi hátterét, annak jelentőségét az európai integrációs folyamatban, valamint a kohéziós politika szabályozásában, kiemelve a helyalapú szemlélet alkalmazását. A tanulmány második felében, rövid módszertani összefoglalót követően, a Baranya megye esetében meghatározó fejlesztési koncepciók és programok összehasonlító elemzése következik a Fabrizio Barca által vezetett kutatócsoport által kidolgozott jelentésben alkalmazott place-based tipológia alapján. Az alkalmazott kvalitatív elemzés három dimenziója a tervezési folyamatra jellemző dialógus és részvétel; a területi diverzitás és tudás jelenléte a dokumentumokban; illetve a valóságos kapacitással rendelkező területi intézmények megléte. A módszer segítségével kimutathatók a három jól behatárolható korszak hasonlóságai és különbségei, az egyes kritériumok esetében érzékelhető tendenciák, melyek javaslatok megfogalmazására is lehetőséget adnak.
Убийство Соломона Михоэлса: жизнь и смерть «советского короля Лира» в плену у злого демиурга сталинской эпохи
Authors: Бисенгалиев Марат Кабдушевич , Рычков Александр Леонидович 
Published: September 2021

<p>Статья посвящена критическому рассмотрению мифов о жизни и гибели «советского короля Лира» Соломона Михоэлса и приурочена к 130-летию этого выдающегося актера и общественного деятеля. Представлен подробный библиографический обзор проблемы и предпринят анализ современных противоречий демифологизации образа И. В. Сталина в российской исторической культуре на примере темы «Убийство Соломона Михоэлса и Сталин».</p><p>Критически рассмотрена убежденность мемуаристов и ряда исследователей в том, что события многолетней борьбы с «безродным космополитизмом», а также эскалация гонений на советских евреев разворачивались исключительно по заранее задуманному Сталиным сценарию, элементом которого было убийство Михоэлса. По мнению авторов, эта убежденность в первую очередь отражает сакрализацию и ремифологизацию фигуры вождя.</p><p>В этой связи включение гибели Михоэлса в некий «генеральный» антисемитский план Сталина, предполагавший итоговую депортацию еврейского населения, рассматривается авторами статьи как конспирологический элемент очередной теории заговора, основанной на мифах сталинской эпохи и соответствующих контрмифах современного сталинского идеодискурса.</p><p>Обосновывается гипотеза демаркационной линии «госантисемитизма», согласно которой репрессивные меры против лидеров еврейской интеллигенции и общественности, принятые на уровне высших эшелонов власти СССР и их вождя не ранее конца 1948 г., были инициированы объективными факторами: усилением национального самосознания у еврейского населения СССР в связи с образованием государства Израиль в мае 1948 г., совпавшим с внешнеполитическими осложнениями — эскалацией холодной войны и, впоследствии, проамериканским курсом Израиля с начала 1950-х гг. Прослежена роль этих факторов на примере судьбы Еврейского антифашистского комитета и его активистов.</p><p>Делается итоговый вывод о том, что события до этой «демаркационной линии», в том числе убийство Михоэлса в январе 1948 г., не могут быть объяснены из рассмотренных в статье конспирологических гипотез о сталинском антиеврейском «сценарии» и понимаемы лишь в отрыве от современной мифологии образа Сталина, искажающей картину происшедшего.</p>
Conditioned Simulation of Ground-Motion Time Series at Uninstrumented Sites Using Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Tamhidi Aidin , Kuehn Nicolas , Ghahari S. Farid , Rodgers Arthur J. , Kohler Monica D. , Taciroglu Ertugrul , Bozorgnia Yousef 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTGround-motion time series are essential input data in seismic analysis and performance assessment of the built environment. Because instruments to record free-field ground motions are generally sparse, methods are needed to estimate motions at locations with no available ground-motion recording instrumentation. In this study, given a set of observed motions, ground-motion time series at target sites are constructed using a Gaussian process regression (GPR) approach, which treats the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier spectrum as random Gaussian variables. Model training, verification, and applicability studies are carried out using the physics-based simulated ground motions of the 1906 Mw 7.9 San Francisco earthquake and Mw 7.0 Hayward fault scenario earthquake in northern California. The method’s performance is further evaluated using the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake ground motions recorded by the Community Seismic Network stations located in southern California. These evaluations indicate that the trained GPR model is able to adequately estimate the ground-motion time series for frequency ranges that are pertinent for most earthquake engineering applications. The trained GPR model exhibits proper performance in predicting the long-period content of the ground motions as well as directivity pulses.
Metode Jolly Phonics sebagai Metode Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Anggraeni Suci , Suyono Suyono , Kuswandi Dedi 
Published: September 2021

<div align="center"><table width="645" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="439"><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the jolly phonics method as a method of reading the beginning readers. The research design uses descriptive qualitative data collection techniques of interviews, observation, documentation studies and literature studies. The findings show that the jolly phonics method is able to overcome reading difficulties with students' learning styles that tend to use the basic language skills and phonics approach through the stages of reading (1) learning the letter sound, (2) learning the letter formation, (3) blending, and (4) identifying the sound in words.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode membaca <em>Jolly Phonics</em> sebagai metode membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SD. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa metode <em>Jolly Phonics</em> mampu mengatasi kesulitan membaca dengan gaya belajar siswa yang cenderung menggunakan pendekatan bahasa <em>basic skill and phonics</em> melalui tahapan membaca (1) bunyi huruf, (2) menulis bentuk huruf, (3) memadukan, dan (4) bunyi terhadap bentuk huruf.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>