bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood–brain barrier leakage and hemorrhagic transformation: The Reperfusion Injury in Ischemic StroKe (RISK) study
Authors: Arba Francesco , Piccardi Benedetta , Palumbo Vanessa , Biagini Silvia , Galmozzi Francesco , Iovene Veronica , Giannini Alessio , Testa Giuseppe Dario , Sodero Alessandro , Nesi Mascia , Gadda Davide , Moretti Marco , Lamassa Maria , Pescini Francesca , Poggesi Anna , Sarti Cristina , Nannoni Stefania , Pracucci Giovanni , Limbucci Nicola , Nappini Sergio , Renieri Leonardo , Grifoni Stefano , Fainardi Enrico , Inzitari Domenico , Nencini Patrizia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIn patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with reperfusion therapy we aimed to evaluate whether pretreatment blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage is associated with subsequent hemorrhagic transformation (HT).MethodsWe prospectively screened patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular treatment. Before treatment, each patient received computed tomography (CT), CT angiography, and CT perfusion. We assessed pretreatment BBB leakage within the ischemic area using the volume transfer constant (Ktrans) value. Our primary outcome was relevant HT, defined as hemorrhagic infarction type 2 or parenchymal hemorrhage type 1 or 2. We evaluated independent associations between BBB leakage and HT using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, baseline stroke severity, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) ≥ 6, treatment type, and onset‐to‐treatment time.ResultsWe enrolled 171 patients with available assessment of BBB leakage. The patients' mean (±SD) age was 75.5 (±11.8) years, 86 (50%) were men, and the median (interquartile range) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 18 (12–23). A total of 32 patients (18%) received intravenous thrombolysis, 102 (60%) underwent direct endovascular treatment, and 37 (22%) underwent both. Patients with relevant HT (N = 31;18%) had greater mean BBB leakage (Ktrans 0.77 vs. 0.60; p = 0.027). After adjustment in the logistic regression model, we found that BBB leakage was associated both with a more than twofold risk of relevant HT (odds ratio [OR] 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–6.03 per Ktrans point increase; OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.06–5.17 for Ktrans values > 0.63 [mean BBB leakage value]) and with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 4.30; 95% CI 1.13–13.77 per Ktrans point increase).ConclusionPretreatment BBB leakage before reperfusion therapy was associated with HT, and may help to identify patients at risk of HT.
Locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory‐reared adults of the mangrove cricket, Apteronemobius asahinai
Authors: Sakura Kazuki , Numata Hideharu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdults of the mangrove cricket, Apteronemobius asahinai, collected in the field continuously show a circatidal rhythm in their locomotor activity. However, it remained unclear whether adult crickets reared from eggs in the laboratory, without cyclic tidal influence, show the circatidal rhythm. We show that under constant red dim light, slightly less than half of crickets showed a circatidal rhythm continuously for more than 10 days. On the other hands, Some others showed a unimodal daily rhythm either before or after the tenth day in the activity recording. Thus, some environmental factors other than the laboratory conditions should be required in order for all crickets to express a clear circatidal rhythm. Even under constant light, unimodal daily rhythm appeared. The unimodal daily rhythm was entrained to light–dark cycles in some crickets, but not in the others. Therefore, we cannot conclude whether the unimodal daily rhythm is a circadian rhythm or a rhythm derived from a circatidal rhythm with its period doubled.
Conceptualizing the clinical decision‐making process in managing temporomandibular disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Ilgunas Aurelia , Lövgren Anna , Fjellman‐Wiklund Anncristine , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Karlsson Wirebring Linnea , Lobbezoo Frank , Visscher Corine M. , Durham Justin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractManagement of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) appears to be more challenging than for other dental conditions. This study aimed to explore the decision‐making process in TMD management, and thereby to conceptualize the decision‐making process in dentistry. Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted during 2018 and 2019 with a purposive sample of 22 general dental practitioners from the Public Dental Healthcare Services and private practices in the Region of Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. The interviews were analysed using the Grounded Theory approach of Charmaz. Data analysis resulted in the core category ‘Combining own competence and others’ expectations in the desire to do the right thing’. The dentists showed interest in and a desire to apply professional knowledge, but also reflected on challenges and complexity in the decision‐making process for TMD. The challenges were primarily related to organisational factors and lack of self‐confidence. This identifies a need for re‐organisation of daily clinical management in dentistry, and a need for more postgraduate training to improve self‐confidence. The complexity of the decision‐making process for TMD makes the study findings applicable in other dental situations.
Impaired social attention detected through eye movements in children with early‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Hunter Matthew B. , Chin Richard F. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesChildren with early‐onset epilepsy (CWEOE; epilepsy onset before 5 years) exhibit impaired social functioning, but social attention has not yet been examined. In this study we sought to explore visual attention via eye tracking as a component of social attention and examine its relationship with social functioning and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) risk scores.MethodsForty‐seven CWEOE (3–63 months) and 41 controls (3–61 months) completed two eye‐tracking tasks: (1) preference for social versus nonsocial naturalistic scenes, and (2) face region preference task. ASD risk was measured via the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers or Conners Early Childhood Total Score. Social functioning was assessed via the Greenspan Social‐Emotional Growth Chart, or Infant‐Toddler Social & Emotional Assessment Competence Scale, or Conners Early Childhood Social Functioning Scale, depending on age. Fixation preferences for social scenes and eyes were compared between groups and evaluated by age and social functioning scores.ResultsRegression analysis revealed that CWEOE viewed the social scene to a significantly less degree than controls. The greatest difference was found between the youngest CWEOE and controls. Fixation duration was independently and significantly related to social functioning scores. There were no significant differences between CWEOE and controls in the face scanning task, and there was no significant relationship between either task and ASD risk scores.SignificanceCWEOE exhibit task‐specific atypical social attention early in the course of the disease. This may be an early marker of impaired social development, and it suggests abnormal social brain development.
Language teacher perspectives on stress and coping
Authors: Gregersen Tammy , Mercer Sarah , MacIntyre Peter D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvery person's response to adversity is unique. Whereas some come out stronger as a result of responding to a challenge, others find their fundamental assumptions about themselves and their lives severely challenged. In education, while some teachers might burn out and leave the profession precipitously, many survive the challenges and transform teaching into their lifelong passion. What factors help explain why some language teachers remain resilient and experience growth after trauma, while others suffer a sense of loss, depleted psychological resources, and ultimately succumb to the pressures of the job, leaving the profession or burning out? The purpose of this study was to seek answers to this question in the context of teaching during the Covid‐19 pandemic, which represents a specific unprecedented type of adversity. To do this, 765 foreign language teachers worldwide answered an online questionnaire that asked three open‐ended questions about the stressors and uplifts they were experiencing during the first few months of the pandemic. Respondents were invited to offer their advice to other language teachers who were facing the challenge of teaching during this time.
Barriers toward equity: Recognizing biliteracy of all students in Minnesota
Authors: de Galbert Pierre Gaspard , Woogen Eve 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEducation actors in the United States are increasingly promoting language skills development of our students. The Seal of Biliteracy (SoBL) has grown into a popular initiative to promote biliteracy and recognize students who demonstrate skills in English and another language. However, the language used to promote biliteracy and the criteria put in place to award the SoBL risk exacerbating differences in opportunities between linguistic communities rather than promote speakers of all languages. Minnesota introduced the SoBL through a law explicitly aimed at supporting education for English language learners. This paper critically reviews the goals of the SoBL initiative, describes the approaches Minnesota has taken to support English language learners to earn the seal and discusses the practical challenges schools and districts face. States and districts need to explicitly address these barriers to avoid increasing inequities through the SoBL.
Microbial consortia in an ice‐covered high‐altitude lake impacted by additions of dissolved organic carbon and nutrients
Authors: Dory Flavia , Cavalli Laurent , Franquet Evelyne , Claeys‐Bruno Magalie , Misson Benjamin , Tatoni Thierry , Bertrand Céline 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

High‐altitude lakes are sentinels of change. Anticipated increases in inputs of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from catchments in high‐altitude lakes could affect planktonic interactions, especially if inputs occur during the winter ablation phase. However, the responses of plankton communities to added DOC interacting with nutrients during this period are still not well understood.

We sampled under‐ice water and used a multifactorial experimental design to investigate the DOC effect on planktonic organisms (phytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryotic plankton [HPP]) and their interactions during the winter ablation phase. The plankton community was subjected to DOC additions (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg C/L) under two nutrient‐availability treatments (natural concentrations or enriched in N and P), two light conditions (dark or light), and two temperature conditions (10 or 18℃).

We found HPP to be co‐limited by N, P, and C in our microcosms. Added glucose as available C‐source for bacterioplankton was highly consumed at the end of the experiments. This consumption was not always related to an increase of the HPP biomass, due to a rising predatory control by ciliates and mixotrophic phytoplankton over bacteria. In dark conditions, the biomasses of both autotrophic and mixotrophic phytoplankton were substantially reduced, and the HPP biomass under DOC and nutrient additions principally depended on the predatory control exerted by ciliates. In light conditions, a diversification of top‐down control over bacteria was observed, with the HPP response to DOC and nutrient additions depending on both mixotrophs and ciliates. Moreover, when heterotrophic ciliates and mixotrophs were present together in the experiments, the ciliates replaced the mixotrophs in phagotrophy over bacteria.

Our experimental results indicate that DOC inputs can rapidly alter the trophic interactions of the planktonic food web, depending on nutrient limitation in high‐altitude lakes. We found decreased commensalistic interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton, but increased competition and predation, after DOC additions.

The expected future scenario of global change during the ablation phase is likely to change the balance between heterotrophic and autotrophic processes in planktonic food webs by increasing heterotrophic processes. These changes could have major repercussions on energy transfer from the base to the top of the food chain in high‐altitude lakes.

Exploring the planktonic response to rapid environmental changes during the ablation phase appears to be crucial in order to determine how vulnerable high‐altitude lakes are to future change.
Contrasting recovery trajectories of four reintroduced populations of the Endangered Mauritius Kestrel (Falco punctatus)
Authors: Nicoll Malcolm A. C. , Jones Carl G. , Groombridge Jim G. , Henshaw Sion , Ruhomaun Kevin , Tatayah Vikash , Zuel Nicolas , Norris Ken 
Published: June 2021

Conservation translocations are commonly used in recovery programmes for threatened species from a wide range of taxa but outcomes can vary considerably both within and between programmes, and the causes of success or failure are often unclear. Central to understanding translocation success is the implementation of an accompanying monitoring programme, enabling the drivers of population establishment and persistence to be explored within a population ecology framework. Here we review and assess the outcome of a translocation programme for the Endangered Mauritius Kestrel, which involved the initial translocation of captive‐reared Kestrels into four isolated populations and long‐term nest‐site management and monitoring. We show that after 20 years these four populations have different recovery trajectories including local extinction, recent decline and comparative stability. We explore the demographic drivers behind these trajectories and how they have been influenced, and could potentially be manipulated, by conservation management actions. Metrics of breeding performance differed between populations and in part this was driven by nest‐site selection, with Kestrels nesting more frequently, laying larger clutch sizes and rearing larger broods in nestboxes. We found no compelling evidence for inter‐population variation in survival rates. Simulating population trajectories under a range of conservation management scenarios, including further conservation translocations or a scaling up of nest‐site management, suggested that the latter would be a more effective, practical long‐term solution for the population currently in decline. Our findings provide valuable insights into the merits of monitoring, population demographic reviews and the challenges associated with identifying and mitigation for the drivers of rarity in threatened species.
Multiple nonlinear regression model of cutting force for C/SiC composites by laser‐assisted micromachining
Authors: Zhai Changtai , Xu Jinkai , Nie Xiaoyu , Tian Jiwen , Yu Huadong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBased on the response surface methodology (RSM), laser‐assisted micromachining (LAMM) experiments of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix(C/SiC) composites have been carried out to obtain the data of three‐direction cutting forcesFx,Fy,Fz, and result‐forceFin the cutting process. A stepwise regression method is used to screen out the factors that significantly affected the cutting force, and hence a multivariate nonlinear mathematical regression model has been established. Through the analysis of variance and regression analysis, the R2 of the regression model is the cutting forceFx: 0.975, the cutting forceFy: 0.970, the cutting forceFz: 0.972, the resultant forceF: 0.987, and the probabilityp > F‐values are all less than 0.001. The model analysis results show that the main effects and interactions of the three factors of laser power, cutting speed, and cutting depth significantly influence the cutting force. The main effect of the most considerable influence on the resultantFis cutting depth, followed by cutting speed and laser power, and the interactive effect is cutting speed and cutting depth. The experimental results show that the model prediction results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Improvement of low carbon MgO‐C refractories by MA‐CA2 additives fabricated from metallurgical waste
Authors: Tang Shaopeng , Fu Lvping , Gu Huazhi , Wang Ting , Huang Ao , Wu Jianfang , Lv Renxiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present work, MA‐CA2 material was fabricated by adding industrial alumina into industrial waste residue, and its effect on the physical properties, oxidation resistance, slag resistance, and thermal shock resistance when it was added to the composition of a low carbon MgO‐C refractory was discussed in detail. Although the introduction of MA‐CA2 material led to a slight inferior slag corrosion resistance, the volume stability and oxidation resistance of refractories were improved. Moreover, the samples containing MA‐CA2 addition showed significantly lower thermal expansion coefficients and increased thermal shock resistance performance. However, owing to the dissolution of SiO2 impurity into the MA‐CA2 material, an excessive addition of MA‐CA2 material would increase the liquid phase amount in the sample during the heat treatment and slag attack, resulting in a performance degradation. In this study, the best comprehensive performance of the MgO‐C refractory was obtained with 6 wt% MA‐CA2 addition.
A yoghurt containing galactooligosaccharides and having low‐lactose level improves calcium absorption and retention during growth: experimental study
Authors: Seijo Mariana , Bonanno Marina Soledad , Vénica Claudia Inés , Marotte Clarisa , Pita Martín de Portela María Luz , Bergamini Carina Viviana , Wolf Irma Verónica , Perotti María Cristina , Zeni Susana Noemí 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDairy products are essential to ensure calcium recommendations to achieve optimal peak bone mass and avoid bone loss. However, high prevalence of lactose malabsorption decreases milk‐derived foods consumption. The use of β‐galactosidase, which hydrolyses lactose to galactooligosaccharides (GOS) is an alternative to develop a low‐lactose yoghurt (EY) where prebiotics (GOS) and probiotics (Lactobacilli) coexist. The effects of two diets based on EY or standard yoghurt without GOS (Y) on calcium absorption and bone retention were evaluated and compared, in growing rats. Control group received AIN 93‐G diet. Male weaning rats were fed one of these three diets for 28 days. EY group showed the highest increase in faecal Lactobacillus colonies, in short‐chain fatty acids production, in intestinal crypt deep, and the lowest caecum pH. Calcium absorption (%) increased significantly as follows: EY>Y>control (P < 0.05). EY and control showed similar calcium content in femur, bone mineral content and density, and total epiphyseal cartilage while Y showed the lowest value (P < 0.05). Conclusion: YE presented some advantages compared to Y regarding calcium absorption and bone retention since Y could not match bone growth and quality of control group. EY was an effective low lactose‐dairy product for delivering prebiotics and probiotics into gut, to enhance gut health and calcium bioavailability that improved bone development in a period of high calcium requirements as growth stage. Even more important is that EY could represent an efficient therapeutic strategy to achieve calcium recommendations in people who avoid dairy product consumption due to unpleasant symptoms of lactose intolerance.
The effect of aromatherapy on fatigue in adults receiving haemodialysis treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yangöz Şefika Tuğba , Turan Kavradım Selma , Özer Zeynep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo synthesise the effect of aromatherapy on fatigue in adults receiving haemodialysis treatment in randomised controlled trials.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials following the Cochrane methods.Data resourcesSystematic search was carried out using the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center, Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations, Science Direct, Springer Link, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Ovid, ULAKBIM Turkish National Databases and Web of Science without year limitation for studies published in the English language. The review covered the period between 1960 and April 2020.Review methodsThree authors reviewed the risk of bias independently and systematically using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.ResultsEight studies with 606 participants were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. Aromatherapy was applied through inhalation and massage methods and performed from 2 to 30 min and in 3 to 30 sessions. There was no significant publication bias. Aromatherapy had a large effect on fatigue in adults receiving haemodialysis treatment and high heterogeneity.ConclusionAromatherapy has a high and positive effect on fatigue in the adults receiving haemodialysis and can be used as an effective intervention in the management of fatigue.ImpactAromatherapy may help to reduce the severity of fatigue in adults receiving haemodialysis. The findings of this systematic review and meta‐analysis will contribute to the use of aromatherapy in the management of fatigue and conduction of randomised controlled trials related to aromatherapy.
Examining the expectations of healing care environment of hospitalized children with cancer based on Watson's theory of human caring
Authors: Gürcan Meltem , Atay Turan Sevcan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the expectations of children with cancer about the healing care environment during hospitalization based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring.DesignA descriptive qualitative research design was used in this study.MethodsData were collected between December 2019 and February 2020 from purposively selected children with cancer in a paediatric haematology and oncology clinic at a university hospital in Turkey. Twelve participants (7 females and 5 males) aged 10–17 were recruited to carry out individual semi‐structured interviews. All interviews were recorded via a digital audio recorder and transcribed verbatim. The content analysis method was used to analyse the data.FindingsAs a result of the analysis, three main themes with related sub‐themes were identified that revealed the expectations of children with cancer: ‘healing care behaviors’, ‘creating the physical environment of the hospital’ and ‘support from the social environment’.ConclusionWatson's Theory of Human Caring may be a useful and applicable guide for drawing a conceptual framework of the expectations of children with cancer regarding a healing care environment. The study revealed these children's need for humanistic, compassionate, honest and problem‐focused care. In addition, participants wished for improvements in the physical environment. They also stated that they feel lonely and need social support from their family, peers and society.ImpactThis study presents a comprehensive picture of the expectations regarding a healing care environment (caring behaviours and physical and social aspects) of hospitalized children with cancer undergoing treatment. The qualitative findings generated by our study have the potential to facilitate these children's healthy adjustment to the hospital environment and procedures during hospitalization. Knowledge acquired through this study may be used to shape nursing care, enhance the healing care environment, and ensure that hospital design and setting are acceptable to and appropriate for paediatric patients.