bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic modeling of cutting forces in high-speed microturning of titanium alloy with consideration of nose radius
Authors: Aslantas Kubilay , Ülker Şükrü , Şahan Ömer , Pimenov Danil Yu , Giasin Khaled 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroturning is a micromechanical machining process used to produce microcylindrical or axially symmetrical parts. Microcylindrical parts are mainly used in microfluidic systems, intravenous micromotors, microsurgical applications, optical lens applications, and microinjection systems. The workpiece diameter is very small in microturning and therefore is greatly affected by the cutting forces. For this reason, it is important to predict the cutting forces when machining miniature parts. In this study, an analytical mechanistic model of microturning is used to predict the cutting forces considering the tool nose radius. In the semi-empirically developed mechanistic model, the tool radius was considered. A series of semi-orthogonal microturning cutting tests were carried out to determine the cutting and edge force coefficients. The mechanistic model was generalized depending on the cutting speed and depth of cut by performing multilinear regression analysis. In the study, the depth of cut (ap = 30–90 µm) and feed values (f = 0.5–20 µm/rev) were selected considering the nose radius and edge radius of the cutting tool. The experiments were carried out under high-cutting speeds (Vc = 150–500 m/min) and microcutting conditions. Ti6Al4V alloy was used as the workpiece material and the tests were carried out under dry cutting conditions. Validation tests for different cutting parameters were carried out to validate the accuracy of the developed mechanistic model. The results showed that the difference between the mechanistic model and the experimental data was a minimum of 3% and a maximum of 24%. The maximum difference between the experimental and the model usually occurs in forces in the tangential direction. It has been observed that the developed model gives accurate results even at a depth of cut smaller than the nose radius and at feed values smaller than the edge radius.
The institutional evolution of central banks
Authors: Prieto Pablo Paniagua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature on central banks’ institutional rationale and evolution by analyzing the early development of the Bank of England as a case study. The history of the Bank is scrutinized under the framework of entangled political economy, revealing its origins in a process of bank and political bargains. The account clarifies the process by which the political and economic order becomes increasingly intertwined throughout the banking system, via political bargains under incomplete contracts. The analysis suggests that entanglement allows governments and non-profit organizations to transmit some of their features to banking organizations in exchange for financial benefits. Transmitting nonmarket characteristics through recurrent bargains leads a for-profit bank to gradually transform into a central bank. The article proposes an alternative rationale for the unintended emergence of central banks, providing evidence in favor of their politically oriented development, rather than their alleged intrinsic nature.
Die Telefonseelsorge Österreich – Telefonisches und digitales Krisenmanagement: Entwicklungslinien und Trends
Authors: Schadenhofer Petra , Stummer Harald , Curth Lina M. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Notruf 142 der Telefonseelsorge (TS) spielt eine bedeutende Rolle im Feld der Krisenhotlines. Alle in Österreich lebenden Personen erhalten bei Bedarf eine niederschwellig zugängliche, kostenlose und vertrauliche Krisenintervention. Das rund um die Uhr erreichbare Angebot der TS umfasst Beratungs- und Entlastungsgespräche, stabilisierende Begleitung in schwierigen Lebenssituationen, Klärung des psychosozialen Bedarfes und Krisenintervention mit dem speziellen Schwerpunkt Suizidprävention (24/7).Eine aktuelle Studie (n = 374) während der Sars-CoV2-Pandemie zeigte die Relevanz der TS und die Themenverteilungen der Beratungen auf – nämlich Einsamkeit, psychisches Wohlbefinden, Berufsleben, Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, Sinnempfinden, Suizid und Gewalt. Im Jahr 2020 ergaben sich in Österreich etwa 153.000 Kontakte, davon etwa 96 % per Telefon und je etwa zwei Prozent per E‑Mail und Chat (dies entspricht besonders in der Chatberatung einer Zunahme um 300 %, wobei der Chat noch nicht ganztägig besetzt ist).Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet (a) die Bedeutung der Niederschwelligkeit, Kostenfreiheit, Vertraulichkeit und der regionalen Vernetzung der Telefonseelsorge und (b) die Entwicklungstrends der Beratung durch die und in den digitalen Medien. Dabei zeigen sich Veränderungen hinsichtlich der Altersgruppen der Nutzer_innen und Beratungsthemen je nach verwendetem Medium.
A Nationwide Study of GATA2 Deficiency in Norway—the Majority of Patients Have Undergone Allo-HSCT
Authors: Jørgensen Silje F. , Buechner Jochen , Myhre Anders E. , Galteland Eivind , Spetalen Signe , Kulseth Mari Ann , Sorte Hanne S. , Holla Øystein L. , Lundman Emma , Alme Charlotte , Heier Ingvild , Flægstad Trond , Fløisand Yngvar , Benneche Andreas , Fevang Børre , Aukrust Pål , Stray-Pedersen Asbjørg , Gedde-Dahl Tobias , Nordøy Ingvild 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeGATA2 deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency that has become increasingly recognized due to improved molecular diagnostics and clinical awareness. The only cure for GATA2 deficiency is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The inconsistency of genotype–phenotype correlations makes the decision regarding “who and when” to transplant challenging. Despite considerable morbidity and mortality, the reported proportion of patients with GATA2 deficiency that has undergone allo-HSCT is low (~ 35%). The purpose of this study was to explore if detailed clinical, genetic, and bone marrow characteristics could predict end-point outcome, i.e., death and allo-HSCT.MethodsAll medical genetics departments in Norway were contacted to identify GATA2 deficient individuals. Clinical information, genetic variants, treatment, and outcome were subsequently retrieved from the patients’ medical records.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2020, we identified 10 index cases or probands, four additional symptomatic patients, and no asymptomatic patients with germlineGATA2variants. These patients had a diverse clinical phenotype dominated by cytopenia (13/14), myeloid neoplasia (10/14), warts (8/14), and hearing loss (7/14). No valid genotype–phenotype correlations were found in our data set, and the phenotypes varied also within families. We found that 11/14 patients (79%), with known GATA2 deficiency, had already undergone allo-HSCT. In addition, one patient is awaiting allo-HSCT. The indications to perform allo-HSCT were myeloid neoplasia, disseminated viral infection, severe obliterating bronchiolitis, and/or HPV-associated in situ carcinoma. Two patients died, 8 months and 7 years after allo-HSCT, respectively.ConclusionOur main conclusion is that the majority of patients with symptomatic GATA2 deficiency will need allo-HSCT, and a close surveillance of these patients is important to find the “optimal window” for allo-HSCT. We advocate a more offensive approach to allo-HSCT than previously described.
Mechanical Stress Effects on 550 °C Hot Corrosion Propagation Rates in Precipitation Hardened Ni-Base Superalloys: CMSX-4, CM247LC DS and IN6203DS
Authors: Chapman Neil , Gray Simon , Sumner Joy , Nicholls John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCombinations of temperature, stress and hot corrosion may cause environmentally-assisted cracking in precipitation-hardened Ni-base superalloys, which is little understood. This research aims to increase current understanding by investigating the effects of mechanical stress on the hot corrosion propagation rate during corrosion-fatigue testing of CMSX-4, CM247LC DS and IN6203DS. The parameters used during the tests included a high R-ratio, high frequency, and a temperature of 550 °C. The results showed CMSX-4 experienced a predictable increase in the hot corrosion rate, CM247LC DS also experienced increased rates, but no obvious trend was apparent; whilst IN6203DS showed no evidence of an increased rate. These different behaviours appear to be a result of an interaction between the mechanical stress and microstructural features, which include gamma-prime volume fractions in both the matrix and eutectic regions, along with the distribution of the eutectic structure. The different behaviours in the hot corrosion propagation rate subsequently affected the respective corrosion fatigue results, with both CMSX-4 and CM247LC DS experiencing fracture but with significantly more scatter involved in the CM247LC DS results. All IN6203DS corrosion-fatigue specimens completed the respective tests without fracture and showed no evidence of cracking. It, therefore, appears that precipitation hardened Ni-base superalloys, which are susceptible to environmentally-assisted cracking, also experience increased hot corrosion propagation rates.
Clean Electricity, Dirty Electricity: The Effect on Local House Prices
Authors: Eichholtz Piet , Kok Nils , Langen Mike , van Vulpen Daan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRenewable energy production is one of the most important policy instruments to fight climate change. However, despite global benefits, renewable energy production entails some local challenges, such as requiring more space per unit production capacity. In this paper, we study the external effects of large-scale conventional and renewable electric power generation facilities on local house prices. We combine information of all coal, gas, and biomass plants, as well as all wind turbines in the Netherlands, with 1.5 million housing transactions over a period of 30 years. Using a difference-in-difference as well as a repeated sales model, we study the effects of facility openings and closings. Our results show negative external price effects for gas plants and wind turbines, but positive effects for biomass plants, conditionally upon ex-ante lower priced locations. The external effects of power generating facilities on local housing markets are important to consider, especially with the current focus of public policies on the expansion of renewable energy generation. Our paper is one of the first to present a large-scale study, using detailed information, and comparing several different energy sources in one framework.
Comparison of Five Near-Infrared Fluorescent Folate Conjugates in an Ovarian Cancer Model
Authors: García de Jalón Elvira , Kleinmanns Katrin , Fosse Vibeke , Davidson Ben , Bjørge Line , Haug Bengt Erik , McCormack Emmet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fluorescence imaging (FLI) using targeted near-infrared (NIR) conjugates aids the detection of tumour lesions pre- and intraoperatively. The optimisation of tumour visualisation and contrast is essential and can be achieved through high tumour-specificity and low background signal. However, the choice of fluorophore is recognised to alter biodistribution and clearance of conjugates and is therefore a determining factor in the specificity of target binding. Although ZW800-1, IRDye® 800CW and ICG are the most commonly employed NIR fluorophores in clinical settings, the fluorophore with optimal in vivo characteristics has yet to be determined. Therefore, we aimed to characterise the impact the choice of fluorophore has on the biodistribution, specificity and contrast, by comparing five different NIR fluorophores conjugated to folate, in an ovarian cancer model.

Procedures
ZW800-1, ZW800-1 Forte, IRDye® 800CW, ICG-OSu and an in-house synthesised Cy7 derivative were conjugated to folate through an ethylenediamine linker resulting in conjugates 1–5, respectively. The optical properties of all conjugates were determined by spectroscopy, the specificity was assessed in vitro by flow cytometry and FLI, and the biodistribution was studied in vivo and ex vivo in a subcutaneous Skov-3 ovarian cancer model.

Results
We demonstrated time- and receptor-dependent binding of folate conjugates in vitro and in vivo. Healthy tissue clearance characteristics and tumour-specific signal varied between conjugates 1–5. ZW800-1 Forte (2) revealed the highest contrast in folate receptor alpha (FRα)-positive xenografts and showed statistically significant target specificity. While conjugates 1, 2 and 3 are renally cleared, hepatobiliary excretion and no or very low accumulation in tumours was observed for 4 and 5.

Conclusions
The choice of fluorophore has a significant impact on the biodistribution and tumour contrast. ZW800-1 Forte (2) exhibited the best properties of those tested, with significant specific fluorescence signal.
Der Biomarker Lipoprotein(a) – Lp(a) in der Diagnostik der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit
Authors: Oremek G. M. , Passek K. , Dröge J. , Holzgreve F. , Ohlendorf D. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Übersicht zum Biomarker „Lipoprotein(a) – Lp(a)“ wird im Rahmen der Serie Diagnostika des Zentralblatts für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie publiziert, die sich mit dem immer häufigeren Gebrauch der Bestimmung von spezifischen Markern bei sog. Manager-Vorsorgen und Check-up-Untersuchungen beschäftigt. Lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), eignet sich grundsätzlich nicht für solche Vorsorgen, sondern ist ein Marker zur Risikoabschätzung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit. Hier zeigt dieser eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität, wobei der Marker aber auf keinen Fall als Screeningparameter zur Frühdiagnostik eingesetzt werden sollte.
Using a pre-kicker to ensure safe extractions from the HEPS storage ring
Authors: Duan Zhe , Chen Jin-Hui , Shi Hua , Tang Guang-Yi , Wang Lei , Wu Yu-Wen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 6 GeV diffraction-limited storage ring light source under construction. The swap-out injection is adopted with the depleted bunch recycled via high-energy accumulation in the booster. The extremely high beam energy density of the bunches with an ultra-low emittance (about 30 pm horizontally and 3 pm vertically) and high bunch charges (from 1.33 to 14.4 nC) extracted from the storage ring could cause hazardous damage to the extraction Lambertson magnet in case of extraction kicker failure. To this end, we proposed the use of a pre-kicker to spoil the bunches prior to extraction, significantly reducing the maximum beam energy density down to within a safe region while still maintaining highly efficient extractions. The main parameters of the pre-kicker are simulated and discussed.
Influence of sucrose reduction on fouling during the production of dulce de leche
Authors: Mauricio Erica F. , Francisquini Júlia D. A. , de Paula Igor L. , de Cezarino Junior José C. C. , de Oliveira Luiz F. C. , Stephani Rodrigo , De Carvalho Antônio F. , Perrone Ítalo T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this Research Communication we focus the food industry´s broad tendency to decrease sugar content in food products onto dulce de leche (DL) and examine the influence of sucrose reduction on the detrimental deposits formed during the production process. The method used to identify the impact produced directly on the heat exchanger during the production of this product with low sucrose content required varying the quantity of sucrose in the milk. Different percentages of sucrose (20, 15, 10, 5 and 0% w/w) were submitted to the DL concentration process in a process simulator. After concentration, the quantification of the deposits formed in each was carried out and these deposits were characterized according to their composition. Methods such as Kjeldahl, Pregl-Dumas and sem-EDS were used. Thus, the work highlights the need to change the product manufacturing process due to changes in the formulation that directly impact the formation of deposits in the equipment used (fouling). This deposit changes significantly in relation to its quantity as well as in relation to the composition and chemical characteristics as the gradual reduction of the sucrose content in the production takes place. Therefore, these impacts must be considered in order to maintain better manufacturing and ensure efficient cleaning of equipment.
A customised laryngeal stent for glottic airway reconstruction
Authors: Joshi A A , Agrawal S R , Bradoo R A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveLaryngotracheal reconstructive surgery very often requires placement of laryngeal stents, but most of the available stents either do not conform to the shape of the glottis or are open at the upper end, causing significant tissue reaction and aspiration. LT-Mold is an ideal stent in this respect, but it is not readily available.Case reportThe authors of this study fashioned a laryngeal stent out of a readily available Montgomery T-tube in such a way that it had a closed upper end and was well-conformed to the architecture of the larynx. This stent was used in a case of posterior expansion laryngoplasty, and post-operatively the patient had a patent airway with good voice and no aspiration.ConclusionA customised laryngeal stent is well tolerated and helps to solve complicated cases of posterior glottic stenosis.
Confluence of algebraic rewriting systems
Authors: Chenavier Cyrille , Dupont Benjamin , Malbos Philippe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConvergent rewriting systems on algebraic structures give methods to solve decision problems, to prove coherence results, and to compute homological invariants. These methods are based on higher-dimensional extensions of the critical branching lemma that proves local confluence from confluence of the critical branchings. The analysis of local confluence of rewriting systems on algebraic structures, such as groups or linear algebras, is complicated because of the underlying algebraic axioms. This article introduces the structure of algebraic polygraph modulo that formalizes the interaction between the rules of an algebraic rewriting system and the inherent algebraic axioms, and we show a critical branching lemma for algebraic polygraphs. We deduce a critical branching lemma for rewriting systems on algebraic models whose axioms are specified by convergent modulo rewriting systems. We illustrate our constructions for string, linear, and group rewriting systems.
Open field stress testing: finally an optimal method in young children? Reference values for mobile cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy children aged 4–8 years
Authors: Kalden Philipp , Schoeffl Isabelle , Rottermann Kathrin , Loeffelbein Florian , Michaelis Anna , Markel Franziska , Brosig Susann , Gebauer Roman Antonin , Daehnert Ingo , Paech Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Cardiopulmonary exercise testing represents the diagnostic tool for determining cardiopulmonary function. Especially in small children, exercise testing is extremely challenging. To address this problem, field testing has been implemented using small mobile devices. This study aims at using this protocol for developing normal values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in very young children.Material and methods:Healthy children aged 4–8 years were recruited. All children were tested according to an outdoor protocol, in which they were instructed to walk, then run slowly, then a little harder and at last run at full speed. Each step lasted for 2 minutes, except the last step, in which the children were instructed to maintain as long as possible.Results:A total of 104 children (64 female/35 male, mean age 6.6 years) performed outdoor cardiopulmonary exercise testing using a mobile device. Almost all tests were completed successfully (95%). Despite a predominance of female study subjects, anthropometric values did not differ between boys and girls. V̇O2peak/kg, respiratory exchange ratio, VT1, heart rate at VT1, and time of exercise were also comparable between sexes. Generally, a tendency of higher maximal oxygen uptake could be observed in older children.Conclusion:Open field mobile cardiopulmonary exercise testing represents a novel approach in very young children. In this study, we were able to determine normal values of maximal oxygen uptake and OUES/kg for 4–8-year-old children. The method is easy to achieve and safe.
Consumer demand for novel fruit and vegetable products with extended shelf lives in East Africa: a multinational multi-product analysis
Authors: Tepe Johanna , Benali Marwan , Lemken Dominic 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the potential of products made out of underutilised fruits and vegetables for closing seasonal nutritional gaps among rural and urban consumers in East Africa.Design:The multinational analysis combines sensory testing and experimental auctions to assess consumers’ perceptions and willingness to pay (WTP) for 6 different fruit and vegetable products.Setting:Open markets in rural and urban areas in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.Participants:There were 939 male and female adults who were at least 18 years old.Results:Tobit models for each product show that besides sensory perception, similar socio-demographic characteristics influence consumers’ WTP for these products in all 3 countries. The products are especially liked among younger, male and urban consumers.Conclusion:We conclude that there is demand and a potential market for processed fruit and vegetable products based on indigenous raw material in East Africa. The products, thus, have promising potential to improve nutrition, especially during off-season conditions when access to fresh produce is limited.
Association between iron supplementation and the presence of diarrhoea in Peruvian children aged 6–59 months: analysis of the database of the Demographic and Family Health Survey in Peru (DHS, Peru), years 2009–2019
Authors: Valverde-Bruffau Valeria Janice , Steenland Kyle , Gonzales Gustavo F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction:According to the WHO, anaemia is a severe public health problem when the prevalence is ≥ 40 %. In 2019, in Peru, 40·1 % of children (aged 6 to 35 months) are diagnosed as anaemic. This is a concern since, despite the efforts of the governments to reduce the prevalence, the problem has stagnated since 2011. The treatment applied to deal with anaemia is Fe supplementation. Although Fe is essential for cell function, an excess can produce adverse responses, such as gut inflammation affecting microbiota and resulting in diarrhoeic episodes.Objective:To determine the association between diarrhoea and Fe supplementation in children with and without anaemia, controlling for different socio-demographic variables.Design:We conducted via logistic regression to obtain diarrhoea prevalence ratios (PR), adjusted by age, sex, geographic region, water and sanitation service, and rurality. The survey asked for recent episodes of diarrhoea during the last 7 d; similarly, after the consumption of Fe supplements during the last 12 months before the survey.Setting:Peru.Participants:The Demographic and Family Health Survey (DHS) is conducted annually at home among 14 202 children on average (2009–2019).Results:Fe supplementation in the last 7 d (PR = 1·09) or the last 12 months (PR = 1·19) (P< 0·0001) was associated with an increased risk of diarrhoea. The same association was observed between Fe supplementation and the presence of anaemia.Conclusions:Fe supplementation is associated with diarrhoea and overuse in children should be avoided.