bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adopting the COM‐B model and TDF framework in oral and dental research: A narrative review
Authors: Buchanan Heather , Newton Jonathon Timothy , Baker Sarah R , Asimakopoulou Koula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent advances in the psychological understanding of health‐related behaviour have focused on producing a comprehensive framework to model such behaviour. The Capability‐Opportunity‐Motivation‐Behaviour (COM‐B) and its associated Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) allow researchers to classify psychological and behavioural constructs in a consistent and transferable manner across studies.AimTo identify oral and dental health‐related studies that have used the TDF and/or COM‐B as frameworks to guide research and examine the ways in which these concepts have been practically used in such research.MethodNarrative review of published literature. To be included, the paper had to (1) state that the TDF or COM‐B had been used and to have targeted at least one construct identified in either framework, (2) include primary empirical data, (3) focus on a behaviour directly related to oral or dental‐related health (eg brushing, applying fluoride varnish, flossing) and/or attitudes, intentions and beliefs related to the behaviour. Studies could include any research design, and participants of any age or gender and include patients, parents or dental health professionals.FindingsNine studies were identified that had drawn on the COM‐B and/or TDF as the framework for their research. Seven of the studies were based on the TDF only, with one employing both the COM‐B and Health Belief Model, and one using the TDF with COM‐B. The nine studies covered a broad range of oral health‐related behaviours including child tooth brushing, fluoride varnish application and non‐ or micro‐invasive management of proximal caries lesions. The populations in the studies included dentists, dental teams and parents of children. All studies adopted only a subset of the constructs within the TDF, often without justification.ConclusionsIt is encouraging that oral health researchers are adopting standardized psychological frameworks to develop their research and oral health interventions. Future work should build on the small number of studies identified in this review and consider using standardized tools to do so.
Impacts of the COVID‐19 epidemic on the department of stomatology in a tertiary hospital: A case study in the General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
Authors: Dong Qingshan , Kuria Angelica , Weng Yanming , Liu Yu , Cao Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of the worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic on the dental community is evident. Dental education programmes and academic activities have suffered from the ramifications of the pandemic. This study aimed to depict the impacts of the COVID‐19 epidemic on the clinical services and academic activities in the department of stomatology of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China.MethodsWe obtained historical data of the Department of Stomatology from the Health Information System of the General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China between January 2018 and June 2020. Mean, standard deviation and median with interquartile range were used to summarize the variables. Line plots were used to illustrate the temporal trend. The Kruskal‐Wallis equality‐of‐populations rank test was used to compare the difference between groups.ResultsA significant decrease was noted in the monthly average number of patients seeking outpatient services for the year 2020, which were decreased by two‐thirds from 2018 to 2020. The number of emergency cases also decreased significantly by 57.6% in 2020. The monthly number of teaching hours decreased from 3.8 ± 1.5 in 2018 and 4.7 ± 1.4 in 2019 to 1.7 ± 1.9 in 2020. The number of interns also decreased by more than 77.0% in 2020.ConclusionsThe impacts of COVID‐19 in the stomatology clinic were significant with notable decreases in clinical services and education offered to the stomatology students. There is a need to find solutions to keep as many dental professionals as needed remaining on the frontline of oral health care.
Evaluation of laryngeal vascular changes with image1 s enhancement system in reference to the European laryngological society guideline
Authors: Yıldırım Sibel , Küçük Tarık Babür , Büyükatalay Zahide Çiler , Gökmen Muhammet Fatih , Gökcan Mustafa Kürşat , Dursun Gürsel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of using Image1 S™ endoscopic enhancement system for discrimination of the vascular patterns in laryngeal lesions.DesignForty patients presenting with benign, dysplastic and malignant laryngeal lesions were examined with Image1 S system. The vascular patterns were classified by a group of authors according to the European Laryngological Society (ELS) guideline, as perpendicular or longitudinal, in all lesions. The relationship between the vascular patterns and the pathological results was statistically analysed. Endoscopic images of the lesions were evaluated through an online survey by a group of otolaryngologists with different levels of clinical expertise and asked them to choose a diagnosis and a vascular pattern. The vascular pattern evaluations of the participants were compared to the authors’ evaluations to determine the interobserver reliability. The final diagnostic judgements of the participants were compared with the definitive histopathological diagnoses.SettingTertiary university hospital.ParticipantsForty patients with laryngeal lesions and thirty otolaryngologists with different clinical experience levels.Main outcome measuresThe study evaluates the usefulness of the Image1 S system for the detecting the vascular patterns associated with benign, dysplastic, and malignant lesions and measures the level of accuracy and inter observer agreement in detecting the final histopathology.ResultsHistopathological examination diagnosed 12 patients as benign, 12 dysplastic and 16 malignant. Using Image1 S, the vascular patterns were longitudinal in 11 lesions, perpendicular in 28 lesions and undetectable in 1 lesion. With white light, longitudinal pattern was observed in 14 lesions, perpendicular in 21 lesions and undetectable in 5 lesions. The correlation between the vascularisation pattern and the pathological diagnosis was found to be significant (p < .001). The qualitative evaluation of the vascular patterns by the two groups of observers showed significant reliability (κ = 0.63, p < .001). The agreement with the final diagnoses was also significant (κ = 0.56, p < .001).ConclusionsImage1 S endoscopic enhancement system with spectral modes provides an improved visibility of the vascular patterns defined by the ELS in laryngeal lesions. ELS classification can reliably distinguish benign lesions from suspected ones and can be applied even by less‐experienced clinicians but the final diagnosis needs experience and should be confirmed with histopathology.
A distance‐based living donor kidney education program for Black wait‐list candidates: A feasibility randomized trial
Authors: Sieverdes John C. , Mueller Martina , Nemeth Lynne S. , Patel Sachin , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Treiber Frank A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAddressing racial disparities in living donor kidney transplants (LDKT) among Black patients warrants innovative programs to improve living donation rates. The Living Organ Video Educated Donors (LOVED) program is a 2‐arm, culturally‐tailored, distance‐based, randomized controlled feasibility trial. The group‐based, 8‐week program used peer‐navigator led video chat sessions and web‐app video education for Black kidney waitlisted patients from United States southeastern state. Primary feasibility results for LOVED (n = 24) and usual care (n = 24) arms included LOVED program tolerability (i.e., 95.8% retention), program fidelity (i.e., 78.9% video education adherence and 72.1% video chat adherence). LDKT attitudinal and knowledge results favored the LOVED group where a statistically significant effect was reported over 6‐months for willingness to approach strangers (estimate ± SE: ‐1.0 ± .55, F(1, 45.3) = 7.5, P = .009) and self‐efficacy to advocate for a LDKT ‐.81 ± .31, F(1, 45.9) = 15.2, P < .001. Estimates were improved but not statistically significant for willingness to approach family and friends, LDKT knowledge and concerns for living donors (all P’s > .088). Secondary measures at 6 months showed an increase in calls for LOVED compared to usual care (P = .008) though no differences were found for transplant center evaluations or LDKTs. Findings imply that LOVED increased screening calls and attitudes to approach potential donors but feasibility outcomes found program materials require modification to increase adherence.
Factors associated with a change in disposition for mental health patients boarding in an urban Paediatric emergency department
Authors: O'Donnell Erin P. , Breden Larisa E. , Munjapara Vasu , Ryan Leticia M. , Yanek Lisa , Reynolds Elizabeth K. , Ngo Thuy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimPaediatric emergency departments (ED) nationwide experience a shared burden of boarding mental health patients. Whilst boarding, some patients have a change in disposition from hospitalization to discharge home. This phenomenon raises concern because EDs often have scarce resources for mental health patients. We sought to understand which patient and clinical factors are associated with a change in disposition outcome.MethodsA nested age‐sex‐race frequency‐matched case–control study was conducted including paediatric patients who presented to an urban PED for mental healthcare over a 36‐month period. Control patients included patients admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility, whilst case patients were those discharged home. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to compare groups.ResultsCase patients were more likely to receive intramuscular Haloperidol (OR 2.2 [CI 1.1–4.4]) for agitation and a psychiatric consult (OR 2.3 [1.4–3.9]) whilst boarding. Case patients were also more likely to present with behavioural concerns (OR 1.8 [CI 1.1–3.1]) and have additional complexities such as medical comorbidities (OR 1.8 [CI 1.1–2.9]) or suicidal ideation/attempt (OR 2.6 [CI 1.1–6.1]). Amongst the most common themes for disposition change was improved patient status (58.8%).ConclusionThese findings suggest that boarding mental health patients have different disposition outcomes and thus may benefit from patient‐specific treatment interventions. Given that patients' statuses may change during the boarding period prompting discharge to home, more focus should be directed to developing brief evidence‐based practises that may be implemented in the ED and effectively bridge the gap to outpatient mental health services.
Seizure detection using wearable sensors and machine learning: Setting a benchmark
Authors: Tang Jianbin , El Atrache Rima , Yu Shuang , Asif Umar , Jackson Michele , Roy Subhrajit , Mirmomeni Mahtab , Cantley Sarah , Sheehan Theodore , Schubach Sarah , Ufongene Claire , Vieluf Solveig , Meisel Christian , Harrer Stefan , Loddenkemper Tobias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTracking seizures is crucial for epilepsy monitoring and treatment evaluation. Current epilepsy care relies on caretaker seizure diaries, but clinical seizure monitoring may miss seizures. Wearable devices may be better tolerated and more suitable for long‐term ambulatory monitoring. This study evaluates the seizure detection performance of custom‐developed machine learning (ML) algorithms across a broad spectrum of epileptic seizures utilizing wrist‐ and ankle‐worn multisignal biosensors.MethodsWe enrolled patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit and asked them to wear a wearable sensor on either their wrists or ankles. The sensor recorded body temperature, electrodermal activity, accelerometry (ACC), and photoplethysmography, which provides blood volume pulse (BVP). We used electroencephalographic seizure onset and offset as determined by a board‐certified epileptologist as a standard comparison. We trained and validated ML for two different algorithms: Algorithm 1, ML methods for developing seizure type‐specific detection models for nine individual seizure types; and Algorithm 2, ML methods for building general seizure type‐agnostic detection, lumping together all seizure types.ResultsWe included 94 patients (57.4% female, median age = 9.9 years) and 548 epileptic seizures (11 066 h of sensor data) for a total of 930 seizures and nine seizure types. Algorithm 1 detected eight of nine seizure types better than chance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC‐ROC] = .648–.976). Algorithm 2 detected all nine seizure types better than chance (AUC‐ROC = .642–.995); a fusion of ACC and BVP modalities achieved the best AUC‐ROC (.752) when combining all seizure types together.SignificanceAutomatic seizure detection using ML from multimodal wearable sensor data is feasible across a broad spectrum of epileptic seizures. Preliminary results show better than chance seizure detection. The next steps include validation of our results in larger datasets, evaluation of the detection utility tool for additional clinical seizure types, and integration of additional clinical information.
Agencies in the news? Public agencies' media evaluations in a low‐trust context
Authors: Peci Alketa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBureaucratic reputations are largely shaped by the media's evaluations of such agencies. However, the research overlooks how the media evaluates public agencies, particularly in low‐trust contexts. Using inductive machine‐learning techniques, we uncover the media's evaluations of Brazilian regulatory agencies based on more than 38,000 stories published within the last 20 years with the aim of exploring what drives their media evaluations and which reputational dimensions are privileged in the negative media coverage of regulatory agencies. We find different patterns of media evaluations that reflect a unique interplay of media logic, agency strategizing, and the quality of the policy context in which the agencies operate. However, even in a low‐trust context, some agencies are able to build a favorable media reputation. In contrast, agencies with unfavorable media reputations are systematically questioned along many reputational dimensions and are subject to stronger negativity bias.
Prospective study for an independent predictor of prognosis in liver cirrhosis based on the new sarcopenia criteria produced by the Japan Society of Hepatology
Authors: Kikuchi Nahoko , Uojima Haruki , Hidaka Hisashi , Iwasaki Shuichiro , Wada Naohisa , Kubota Kousuke , Nakazawa Takahide , Shibuya Akitaka , Fujikawa Tomoaki , Kako Makoto , Sato Teruko , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThere are limited data from prospective studies showing the clinical usefulness of the new criteria for sarcopenia in liver disease produced by the Japan Society of Hepatology. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this new criteria for prognosis in cirrhotic patients.MethodsThis prospective study was performed at six centers. The 300 enrolled patients, aged more than 20 years with liver cirrhosis, were evaluated over a 3‐year period for skeletal muscle mass index and grip strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Japan Society of Hepatology criteria by grip strength and computed tomography‐based skeletal muscle mass index values. We investigated the correlation between sarcopenia and the survival rate of cirrhotic patients.ResultsAmong the 300 assessed patients there were 99 (33%) patients with sarcopenia. The number of deaths in the sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia groups was 34 (34.3%) and 38 (18.9%), respectively (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis confirmed that sarcopenia, decompensated phase, albumin‐bilirubin grade, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stage 3/4 were independent factors correlated with death in patients with liver cirrhosis during the observation period. The interaction between sarcopenia and the presence of HCC was statistically significant (p < 0.001), and the presence of HCC had the highest hazard ratio of 6.665 for deaths in cirrhotic patients when non‐sarcopenia and the absence of HCC were used as references.ConclusionsThe new Japan Society of Hepatology criteria for sarcopenia are accurate predictors of poor prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Reduction of oil uptake of fried food by coatings: A review
Authors: Xie Dongfei , Guo Debin , Guo Zhen , Hu Xiuting , Luo Shunjing , Liu Chengmei 
Published: July 2021

SummaryFried food is popular because of its attractive aroma, colour and taste. However, its high oil content may cause cardiovascular diseases, such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the oil uptake of fried food. It is found that water‐oil replacement, surfactant theory and the cooling‐phase effect are the main mechanisms of oil uptake in fried food. According to these mechanisms, improving the frying technology, changing the frying medium and coating treatment can reduce the amount of oil in fried foods. Among these methods, coating treatment is the most common method to reduce the oil content. Protein coatings usually have better performance than polysaccharide coatings. The performance of protein coatings depends on the type of food and protein. In addition, oil resistance of protein coatings can be improved by adding the plasticiser, combination with other components and cross‐linking treatment.
Enhancing active patient participation in nursing handover: A mixed methods study
Authors: Street Maryann , Dempster Jenny , Berry Debra , Gray Erika , Mapes Joanne , Liskaser Raj , Papageorgiou Sia , Considine Julie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore: i) the frequency and nature of patient participation in nursing handover and ii) patients’ and nurses’ perceived strategies to enhance patient involvement in nursing handover.BackgroundPatient participation in nursing handover is important for patient‐centred care, shared decision‐making, patient safety and a positive healthcare experienceDesignA multi‐site prospective study using a mixed methods design.MethodsBetween September and December 2019, nursing handovers were observed on ten randomly selected wards, followed by semi‐structured interviews with patients (n = 33), and nurses (n = 20) from the observed handovers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics for structured observations and thematic analysis of interviews, and triangulated to develop a greater understanding of patient participation in nursing handover. This study is reported using the Good Reporting of Mixed Methods Study guidelines.ResultsThe median patient age was 77 years and 47% (n = 55) patients were female. Of the 117 handovers, 76.9% (n = 90) were conducted in the patient's presence. Patients were active participants in 33.3% (n = 30) and passive participants in 46.7% (n = 42) of handovers; in 20% of handovers (n = 18), the patient had no input at all. Active participation was more likely in women (vs. men), surgical patients (vs. medical patients) and when nurses displayed engagement behaviours (eye contact, opportunity to ask questions, explanations). Three major themes were identified from the interviews: ‘Being Involved’, ‘Layers of Influence’ and ‘Information Exchange’.ConclusionsThe main finding was that patient participation in handover was low and strongly influenced by a complex interplay of factors including patient and nurse preferences and perceptions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeHandover is an essential tool in the provision of safe patient care. Patients were able to actively participate in nursing handover when they understood the purpose and timing of handover and had rapport with nurses.
Efficacy of auricular acupressure in maintenance haemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Ting , Wang Shurui , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Lirong , Liu Yanhui , Zhang Chunmei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically evaluate the efficacy of auricular acupressure on sleep disorders, depression, pruritus, xerostomia and daily net weight gain (%) in maintenance haemodialysis patients.BackgroundAuricular acupressure has been used for various complications in maintenance haemodialysis patients, such as sleep disorders, depression, pruritus and xerostomia, but the efficacy has not yet been unified.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsRandomised controlled trials comparing auricular acupressure intervention with non‐AA intervention in maintenance haemodialysis patients were included. We searched English databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, CBM and VIP database) from the inception to 27 November 2020. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform the meta‐analysis. A descriptive analysis was conducted if the data were high of heterogeneity or could not be meta‐analysed. The PRISMA statement was used to report systematic review and meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs with 805 MHD patients were included. Meta‐analysis showed that auricular acupressure had a significant difference for improving sleep disorders (MD = −1.97 points, 95% CI: −2.62 to −1.32, p < .0001), pruritus (MD = −1.55 points, 95% CI: −2.01 to −1.08, p < .0001), and daily net weight gain (%) (MD = −0.29, 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.21, p < .0001). The efficacy of depression and xerostomia were analysed descriptively due to insufficient data.ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis results indicated that auricular acupressure had a positive efficacy in maintenance haemodialysis patients to improve sleep disorders, pruritus and daily net weight gain (%). But the results should be treated conservatively on account of the low quality of included studies. Future researchers need to conduct more high‐quality, large sample, multi‐centre randomised controlled studies to provide a solid basis to demonstrate of the efficacy of auricular acupressure in maintenance haemodialysis patients.Relevance to clinical practiceAuricular acupressure has the advantages of low cost, non‐invasive and easy to be accepted by patients. This review suggested that auricular acupressure could be considered a non‐pharmacological intervention for maintenance haemodialysis patients. Medical staff could teach maintenance haemodialysis patients auricular acupressure to help them self‐manage some complications at home.