bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ex vivo comparison of partial thromboplastin time and activated clotting time for heparin anticoagulation in an ovine model
Authors: Berk Zachary B. K. , Shah Aakash , Sun Wenji , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSheep are a primary model of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with heparin anticoagulation therapy frequently being monitored by activated clotting time (ACT) due to ease and cost. In patients undergoing long‐term heparin therapy, other anticoagulation monitoring strategies, such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), have proven to be more reliable indicators for the adequacy of anticoagulation, frequently determined by heparin concentration. As there is a paucity of similar studies in sheep, we sought to investigate the correlation between heparin concentration and ACT and aPTT using whole sheep blood in an ex vivo model.MethodsFresh whole blood was serially drawn from an adult female Dorset‐hybrid sheep and aliquots were placed into tubes containing heparin saline solutions with concentrations ranging from 0 to 7.81 U heparin per mL of whole blood. ACT and aPTT values were measured on each of the samples. The experiment was performed four times with the same animal. A simple linear regression was performed to determine correlation, and subgroup analysis was performed on low versus high heparin concentrations typically seen in human patients on long‐term MCS, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), versus cardiopulmonary bypass, respectively.ResultsaPTT measurements versus the heparin concentration had an R2 = 0.7295. ACT measurements versus the heparin concentration had a R2 = 0.4628. aPTT measurements versus the ACT measurements had a R2 = 0.2974. The strength of the correlation between aPTT and heparin concentration increased at low heparin concentrations (R2 = 0.8392).ConclusionaPTT had a more reliable correlation to heparin concentration and thus anticoagulation level than ACT. This was particularly true at lower heparin concentrations, similar to ranges seen for patients on ECMO. The correlation between aPTT and ACT values was poor. Further in vivo studies should be performed to confirm our results.
Editorial: the never‐ending story—Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Sugano Kentaro , Howden Colin W. 
Published: October 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Jiang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16604 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16654
Editorial: brain‐gut research needs objective measures of disease activity and mental disorders
Authors: Mikocka‐Walus Antonina , Knowles Simon R. 
Published: October 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mules et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16616 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16649
Collective narcissism and weakening of American democracy
Authors: Keenan Oliver , de Zavala Agnieszka Golec 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe storming of the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, and voter intimidation by Donald Trump's supporters have marked significant upheaval in American democracy. In two cross‐sectional studies and one experiment, we tested the proposition that American collective narcissism is associated with support for populist leadership (particular, their message of renewed ingroup recognition) to the point of disregard for democratic procedures. In Study 1, conducted just before the 2020 presidential elections, we examined the association of American collective narcissism with support for Trump's re‐election even if he was to violate the democratic procedures while securing it. In pre‐registered Study 2, conducted just after the Capitol attack, we examined the association between American collective narcissism and support for the attacks. In Study 3, we experimentally examined a more general proposition that collective narcissism is associated with support for populist leaders and lack of support for democratic procedures, in a minimal group setting deprived of any associations with a particular political context. The results of the three studies converge to indicate that collective narcissism is most strongly (beyond variables commonly implicated in support for right‐wing populism) associated with populist leadership to the extent of disregarding democratic norms.
Training on a virtual reality laparoscopic simulator improves performance of live laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Ohtake Shinji , Makiyama Kazuhide , Yamashita Daisuke , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Yao Masahiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo determine whether training laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) with a virtual reality (VR) simulator improves the performance of porcine LN.MethodsTwelve urological residents were assigned to two groups: a training and a non‐training group. All participants performed baseline assessments of LN skills and time on the LapPASS® simulator. The training group received preoperative LapPASS® training. Both groups then performed LN using a porcine model. The operations were videotaped and evaluated using the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) system. After porcine LN, the training group performed a final LN with the LapPASS® simulator.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the operation time required for porcine LN. There were no significant differences in the total A (autonomy), B (bimanual dexterity), D (depth perception), or T (tissue handling) GOALS scores. However, the total E (efficiency) score in the training group was higher than that in the non‐training group (P = .030). The final LN score with LapPASS® was significantly higher than the baseline (P = .004).ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that VR LN training improved performance in an actual operation. VR‐based procedural simulation could become a vital part of the laparoscopic training program for residents.
Dynamic logistic state space prediction model for clinical decision making
Authors: Jiang Jiakun , Yang Wei , Schnellinger Erin M. , Kimmel Stephen E. , Guo Wensheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrediction modeling for clinical decision making is of great importance and needed to be updated frequently with the changes of patient population and clinical practice. Existing methods are either done in an ad hoc fashion, such as model recalibration or focus on studying the relationship between predictors and outcome and less so for the purpose of prediction. In this article, we propose a dynamic logistic state space model to continuously update the parameters whenever new information becomes available. The proposed model allows for both time‐varying and time‐invariant coefficients. The varying coefficients are modeled using smoothing splines to account for their smooth trends over time. The smoothing parameters are objectively chosen by maximum likelihood. The model is updated using batch data accumulated at prespecified time intervals, which allows for better approximation of the underlying binomial density function. In the simulation, we show that the new model has significantly higher prediction accuracy compared to existing methods. We apply the method to predict 1 year survival after lung transplantation using the United Network for Organ Sharing data.
Ferroptosis resistance determines high susceptibility of murine A/J strain to iron‐induced renal carcinogenesis
Authors: Cheng Zhen , Akatsuka Shinya , Li Guang Hua , Mori Kiyoshi , Takahashi Takashi , Toyokuni Shinya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer susceptibility is a critical factor in the understanding of carcinogenesis. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an iron chelate, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe‐NTA), produces hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction to induce ferroptosis in renal proximal tubules. Rats or mice subjected to repeated i.p. injections of Fe‐NTA develop renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that cause susceptibility to renal carcinogenesis, we first established an inter‐strain difference in the susceptibility to Fe‐NTA‐induced renal carcinogenesis in mice. Based on a previous observation of a low incidence of RCC with this model in C57BL/6J strain mice, we investigated A/J strain mice here, which demonstrated significantly higher susceptibility to Fe‐NTA‐induced renal carcinogenesis. Homozygous deletion of the Cdkn2a/2b tumor suppressor locus was detected for the first time in A/J strain mice. Focusing on ferroptosis and iron metabolism, we explored the mechanisms involved that lead to the difference in RCC development. We compared the protective responses in the kidney of A/J and C57BL/6J strains after Fe‐NTA treatment. After 3‐week Fe‐NTA treatment, A/J mice maintained higher levels of expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and xCT (SLC7A11), leading to a lower level of lipid peroxidation. Simultaneously, A/J mice had decreased expression of transferrin receptor and increased expression of ferritin to greater degrees than C57BL/6 mice. After a single Fe‐NTA injection, higher levels of oxidative cell damage and cytosolic catalytic Fe(II) were observed in C57BL/6J mice, accompanied by a greater increase in lipocalin‐2. Lipocalin‐2 deficiency significantly decreased oxidative renal damage. Our results suggest that a genetic trait favoring ferroptosis resistance contributes to high susceptibility to Fe‐NTA‐induced RCC in A/J strain.
Treatment effectiveness for Vocal Cord Dysfunction in adults and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Mahoney Janine , Hew Mark , Vertigan Anne , Oates Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether treatment effectiveness can be established for a range of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) interventions in adolescents and adults.DesignA systematic review of the literature and risk of bias appraisal was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Data were qualitatively synthesized in the broad intervention groups of glottic airway and respiratory retraining, pharmacological therapies, airway device therapies and psychological therapies.Data sourcesNine electronic databases, two clinical trial registries and the grey literature were searched from inception to September 2021 for articles on VCD interventions or equivalent terms.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they were randomized controlled trials, non‐randomized controlled trials, quasi‐experimental pre‐ and post‐test studies and within‐subject repeated measure designs, participants were 13 years or older, VCD was diagnosed using laryngoscopy or CT larynx, VCD intervention was provided and outcome measures reported on VCD symptoms.ResultsThe search yielded no randomized controlled trials. There were 17 quasi‐experimental studies that met the eligibility criteria, and these studies reported on glottic airway and respiratory retraining, botulinum toxin injections, inspiratory muscle strength training and amitriptyline; all were associated with VCD symptom reduction. In addition, 2 within‐subject repeated measure studies reported inspiratory muscle strength training and respiratory retraining to be effective in reducing symptoms in participants with exertional VCD. The included studies were reported in full‐text publications (11) and conference proceedings (8). There was a high risk of bias and low quality of evidence across all intervention areas.ConclusionGlottic airway and respiratory retraining, botulinum toxin injections, low‐dose amitriptyline and inspiratory muscle strength training devices have been associated with symptom reduction in adults and adolescents with vocal cord dysfunction. Limited objective data exist to support the effectiveness of these interventions, and robust controlled trials are needed in this area.Systematic Review Registration: CRD42018092274 (PROSPERO).
A process for dyeing cotton with direct dyes possessing primary aromatic amino groups furnishing wash fastness exhibited by reactive dyes
Authors: Hande Pratik , Kulkarni Kedar S. , Adivarekar Ravindra V. , Bhagwat Sunil S. , Bhate Prakash M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDirect dyes constitute one of the major classes of azo dyes. These dyes due to their structural characteristics possess affinity for cellulose fibres when dyed in the presence of electrolytes. However, they bind with cellulose fibres through weak physical forces due to which cotton dyed with direct dyes bleeds when washed. In the present study, cotton fabric dyed by using direct dyes possessing primary aromatic amino groups followed by treatment with nitrous acid and soda ash was shown to exhibit a remarkable improvement in wash and rubbing fastness. With this process, any azo dye with primary aromatic amino groups possessing moderate substantivity for cellulose can be used to obtain dyed cotton exhibiting fastness properties comparable to that of reactive dyes. The dyeing process can, in principle, be made continuous thereby offering dyers the possibility of achieving good to excellent wash fastness by using inexpensive direct dyes.
High‐binding‐fastness dye from functional extracts of Keemun black tea waste for dyeing flax fabric
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Hongfang , Zheng Xianhong , Bian Liran , Sun Yufang , Wang Zongqian , Li Changlong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBlack tea natural dye is usually recognised to contain functional colouring matters, which has long been used for the coloration of textile materials. However, due to poor binding and colour fastness, a large number of mordants have been used in the dyeing process, leading to serious environmental problems. To address these issues, we have developed a no‐mordant pad‐dry dyeing strategy for dyeing flax fabrics with functional components of Keemun black tea (KBT) waste. The dyed flax fabrics showed outstanding colour fastness to perspiration, rubbing, and washing. Moreover, increasing the KBT extract concentration, dyeing time, and temperature, and decreasing the pH level could significantly enhance the K/S values. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed that theaflavin compounds dyed thoroughly the fibres successfully through hydrogen bonding force, and the theaflavin compounds could be bound to fibres stably through van der Waals and hydrogen bonding forces based on Independent Gradient Model (IGM) calculations. In addition, the dyed flax fabrics possessed good ultraviolet (UV) protection and antibacterial performance. This work proposes novel approaches for the reuse of KBT waste and the simultaneous coloration and functionalisation of flax fabric.
Deletion of Nf2 in neural crest‐derived tongue mesenchyme alters tongue shape and size, Hippo signalling and cell proliferation in a region‐ and stage‐specific manner
Authors: Ishan Mohamed , Chen Guiqian , Yu Wenxin , Wang Zhonghou , Giovannini Marco , Cao Xinwei , Liu Hong‐Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe mammalian tongue develops from the branchial arches (1–4) and comprises highly organized tissues compartmentalized by mesenchyme/connective tissue that is largely derived from neural crest (NC). This study aimed to understand the roles of tumour suppressor Neurofibromin 2 (Nf2) in NC‐derived tongue mesenchyme in regulating Hippo signalling and cell proliferation for the proper development of tongue shape and size.Materials and methodsConditional knockout (cKO) of Nf2 in NC cell lineage was generated using Wnt1‐Cre (Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO). Nf2 expression, Hippo signalling activities, cell proliferation and tongue shape and size were thoroughly analysed in different tongue regions and tissue types of Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO and Cre‐/Nf2fx/fx littermates at various stages (E10.5–E18.5).ResultsIn contrast to many other organs in which the Nf2/Hippo pathway activity restrains growth and cell proliferation and as a result, loss of Nf2 decreases Hippo pathway activity and promotes an enlarged organ development, here we report our observations of distinct, tongue region‐ and stage‐specific alterations of Hippo signalling activity and cell proliferation in Nf2cKO in NC‐derived tongue mesenchyme. Compared to Cre−/Nf2fx/fx littermates, Wnt1‐Cre/Nf2cKO depicted a non‐proportionally enlarged tongue (macroglossia) at E12.5–E13.5 and microglossia at later stages (E15.5–E18.5). Specifically, at E12.5 Nf2cKO mutants had a decreased level of Hippo signalling transcription factor Yes‐associated protein (Yap), Yap target genes and cell proliferation anteriorly, while having an increased Yap, Yap target genes and cell proliferation posteriorly, which lead to a tip‐pointed and posteriorly widened tongue. At E15.5, loss of Nf2 in the NC lineage resulted in distinct changes in cell proliferation in different regions, that is, high in epithelium and mesenchyme subjacent to the epithelium, and lower in deeper layers of the mesenchyme. At E18.5, cell proliferation was reduced throughout the Nf2cKO tongue.
Serum tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐17 relate to anxiety and depression risks to some extent in non‐small cell lung cancer survivor
Authors: Liu Meifang , Li Yao , Liu Xuesong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionInflammatory cytokines are proposed as modulators for the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression (anxiety/depression), and anxiety/depression are frequently existed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survivors. However, no published study has explored the association of inflammation cytokines with anxiety/depression in NSCLC survivors.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate serum tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) levels, and their correlations with anxiety/depression in NSCLC survivors.MethodsTotally, 217 NSCLC survivors and 200 controls were recruited. Then, inflammatory cytokines in serum samples were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Besides, their anxiety/depression status was assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsHADS‐anxiety score, anxiety rate, anxiety severity, HADS‐depression score, depression rate, and depression severity were all increased in NSCLC survivors compared with controls (all P < 0.001). Regarding inflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐17 levels were higher (all P < 0.01), while IL‐6 (P = 0.105) level was of no difference in NSCLC survivors compared with controls. Furthermore, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17 were all positively associated with HADS‐A score (all P < 0.05), anxiety occurrence (all P < 0.05), HADS‐D score (all P < 0.05), and depression occurrence (all P < 0.05) in NSCLC survivors, while the correlation‐coefficients were weak. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analyses disclosed that TNF‐α (both P < 0.05) and IL‐1β (both P < 0.001) were independently correlated with increased anxiety and depression risks in NSCLC survivors.ConclusionSerum TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17 are related to increased anxiety and depression risks to some extent in NSCLC survivors.
Role of alcohol taxes in moderating alcohol consumption: Current and future potential impacts
Authors: Voon Derby , Fogarty James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is a substantial literature on the price elasticity of demand for alcoholic beverages, but the literature on the tax elasticity and the way tax rates impact the evolution of alcohol consumption through time is more limited.MethodsA two‐level Bayesian hierarchical model is used to estimate tax and income elasticity values. The estimates from five different forecast methods are then averaged, and combined with the tax elasticity estimate, to investigate consumption for different scenarios. The sample consists of 30 high‐income and upper‐middle‐income countries.ResultsThe alcohol tax elasticity estimate is approximately −0.4 and the alcohol income elasticity estimate approximately 0.2. If alcohol taxes evolve the way they have in the past, there is little evidence to suggest that per capita alcohol consumption will be higher in 2027, relative to 2017; but if alcohol taxes remain constant over the next decade, it is likely that per capita alcohol consumption will be notably higher in 2027, relative to 2017, for the sample of countries considered.Discussion and ConclusionsThere is a natural tendency for alcohol consumption to increase with income. A working rule of thumb that can be used by policy makers to mitigate this effect is to increase alcohol tax rates at approximately half the long‐run gross national income growth rate. For rich countries, this implies annual increases of approximately 1.0–1.5% in alcohol taxes.
Singular mental abilities
Authors: Hicks Michael R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLucy O'Brien has argued that defenders of the object‐dependence of singular thought should attend to mental agency. A recent trend in action theory, towards what John Maier calls ‘agentive modality’, suggests that we conceive agency in terms of the exercise of abilities, and this is how I propose to approach O'Brien's challenge. For Gareth Evans, an early defender of object‐dependence, maintained that thinking is the exercise of a complex of abilities. The debate about object‐dependence gives way to the question whether we have what I call dedicated singular mental abilities. In arguing that we do, I defend the thesis of object‐dependence.
Unheard Voices
Authors: Dlamini Ntobeko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn every age, potentially divisive controversies arise that the church has to deal with. Placed squarely before the church of today is the issue of sexual orientation and the ambiguous response to this question made by the church so far. In line with the theme of the World Council of Churches' Pilgrimage of Justice and Peace, with a special focus on gender justice, this article brings to the centre the oral testimonies of queer people in the conversation on same‐sex unions – a debate that has mainly been driven by heterosexual men. This article, which details the personal stories of several Methodist clergy who identify variously as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and other (LGBTI+), gives us a chance to hear voices that up to now have been unheard. Some of it is not easy reading. There is pain, misunderstanding, rejection, and fear. Sometimes LGBTI+ people are objectified. One can forget that behind labels are human beings, people with feelings, struggles, and wounds. The stories in this article reveal the pain of some vulnerable people. Perhaps meeting them through their stories can promote further understanding and bring us, if not to one mind, then to a deepened level of respect for a view that may be different from our own.
Environmental Justice and Ecumenism
Authors: Muriithi Kevin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe shape of African Christianity is overly concerned with an otherworldly focus that fails to consider the environmental concerns of Christian theology. Environmental theology seeks to understand that creation, as God’s world, is crucial to Christian stewardship. A triumphalist gospel ignores the Indigenous understanding of the environment and how spirituality should be integrated in our daily lives. The contemporary and ecumenical necessity of environmental theology for the 21st century is similar to the task of liberation theology in the contemporary context of multiculturalism of the 20th century. Borrowing from various Christian traditions and Indigenous cultures, this paper will pursue an ecumenical focus to call the African church and academy to environmental justice by offering practical suggestions.