bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis A in Southeast Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Hernandez-Suarez Gustavo , Saha Debasish , Lodroño Kris , Boonmahittisut Phatu , Taniwijaya Stephanus , Saha Ashwini , Badur Selim , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: December 2021

Background
A previous review on hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence in 2005 categorized Southeast Asia as a low HAV endemicity region. In 2010, the World Health Organization modified this from low to low/medium endemicity, pointing out that these estimates were based on limited evidence. Since then, there has been no attempt to review HAV epidemiology from this region. We conducted a systematic review of literature to collect information on HAV incidence and seroprevalence in select countries in the Southeast Asian region, specifically, The Association of Southeast Asian Nations over the last 20 years.

Methodology
This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. From the relevant articles, we extracted data and conducted a risk of bias assessment of individual studies.

Results
The search yielded 22 and 13 publications on HAV seroprevalence and incidence, respectively. Overall, our findings point to a very low HAV endemicity profile in Thailand and Singapore and evidence of a shift towards low HAV endemicity in Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Only Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines have existing HAV disease surveillance and reported incidence rates below 1 per 100,000. Several outbreaks with varying magnitude documented in the region provide insights into the evolving epidemiology of HAV in the region. Risk of bias assessment of studies revealed that the individual studies were of low to medium risk.

Conclusions/Significance
The available HAV endemicity profiles in Southeast Asian countries, aside from Thailand, are limited and outdated, but suggest an endemicity shift in the region that is not fully documented yet. These findings highlight the need to update information on HAV epidemiology through strengthening of disease surveillance mechanisms to confirm the shift in HAV endemicity in the region.
The transmission of drug-resistant strains of HIV in heterosexual populations based on genetic sequences
Authors: Jin Xin , Wang Zhen , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wu Hui , Ruan Yuhua , Zhang Chen , Kang Ruihua , Xing Hui , Lou Jie 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundChina’s National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP) has substantially reduced morbidity and HIV/AIDS incidence since 2003. However, HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has been a major challenge for the current treatment of HIV/AIDS in China.MethodsIn the current study, we established a nested dynamic model to predict the multi-drug resistance dynamics of HIV among the heterosexual population and evaluated the impact of intervention measures on the transmission of drug resistance. We obtained an effective reproductive numberRedfrom each sub-model held at different stages of the dynamic model. Meanwhile, we applied Bayesian phylogenetic methods to infer the weighted average effective reproductive numberRegfrom four HIV subtypes that sampled from 912 HIV-positive patients in China. It is an original and innovative method by fittingRedtoRegby Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to generate unknown parameters inRed.ResultsBy analyzing the HIV gene sequences, we inferred that the most recent common ancestor of CRF01AE, CRF07BC, CRF08BC, and CRFBC dated from 1994, 1990, 1993 and 1990, respectively. The weighted average effective reproductive numberRegdropped from 1.95 in 1994 to 1.73 in 2018. Considering different interventions, we used a macro dynamic model to predict the trend of HIV resistance. The results show that the number of new infections and total drug resistance under the baseline parameter (S1) are 253,422 and 213,250 in 2025, respectively. Comparing with the numbers under the target treatment rate (S2), they were 219,717 and 236,890, respectively. However, under the ideal treatment target (S3, the treatment rate reaches 90% and the treatment success rate reaches 90%), the number of new infections shows a declining trend and will decrease to 46,559 by 2025. Compared withS1andS2, the total number of resistance also decreased to 160,899 in 2025.ConclusionWith the promotion of NFATP in China, HIV resistance to ARVs is inevitable. The strategy of increasing the treatment rate would not only ineffectively curb the epidemic, but also deteriorate drug resistance issue. Whereas, a combination of intervention strategies (the treatment rate reaches 90% and the treatment success rate reaches 90%) can greatly reduce both infection and drug resistance rate than applying one strategy alone.
Value, transparency, and inclusion: A values-based study of patient involvement in musculoskeletal research
Authors: Bradshaw E. , Whale K. , Burston A. , Wylde V. , Gooberman-Hill R. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Patient and public involvement work (PPI) is essential to good research practice. Existing research indicates that PPI offers benefits to research design, conduct, communication, and implementation of findings. Understanding how PPI works and its value helps to provide information about best practice and highlight areas for further development. This study used a values-based approach to reporting PPI at a Research Unit focused on musculoskeletal conditions within a UK medical school.

Methods
The study was conducted between October 2019 and January 2020 using Gradinger’s value system framework as a theoretical basis. The framework comprises three value systems each containing five clusters. All PPI members and researchers who had attended PPI groups were invited to participate. Participants completed a structured questionnaire based on the value system framework; PPI members also provided further information through telephone interviews. Data were deductively analysed using a framework approach with data mapped onto value systems.

Results
Twelve PPI members and 17 researchers took part. Views about PPI activity mapped onto all three value systems. PPI members felt empowered to provide their views, and that their opinions were valued by researchers. It was important to PPI members that they were able to ‘give back’ and to do something positive with their experiences. Researchers would have liked the groups to be more representative of the wider population, patients highlighted that groups could include more younger members. Researchers recognised the value of PPI, and the study highlighted areas where researchers members might benefit from further awareness.

Conclusions
Three areas for development were identified: (i) facilitating researcher engagement in training about the value and importance of PPI in research; (ii) support for researchers to reflect on the role that PPI plays in transparency of healthcare research; (iii) work to further explore and address aspects of diversity and inclusion in PPI.
Hematological malignancies in the Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Enawgaw Bamlaku , Aynalem Melak , Melku Mulugeta , Asrie Fikir , Abebe Molla , Yalew Aregawi , Bekele Tiruzer , Mesfin Nebiyu , Ayalew Mulugeta , Shiferaw Elias 
Published: December 2021

Background
The effect of malignant diseases is increasing globally, particularly in developing countries as shown by recent cancer statistics from the world health organization reports. It is anticipated that with an increase in life expectancy consequent upon the improved standard of living and increasing urbanization, the burden of hematological malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Ethiopia is likely to increase recently. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the incidence and trend of hematological malignancy in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2019 at the University of Gondar and Bahir-Dar Felegehiwot comprehensive specialized hospitals. Hematological malignancy data were collected by using a data collection sheet that was consisted of patients’ socio-demography, clinical, and laboratory data. Then, data were entered into Epi-info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Skewness and kurtosis were used to check data distribution. Descriptive statistics were summarized as percentages, means, and standard deviations of background variables, and the trend were analyzed.

Results
In this study, a total of 1,342 study participants were included. The mean age of study participants was 41.49 ± 16.3 years with a range of 1 to 92 years. About 58.3%, 52.2%, and 80% of the cases were observed among males, 18–45 age group, and urban residences, respectively. Of the total cases, 92.9% and 7.1% were lymphoma and leukemia, respectively. On the other hand, from lymphoma cases, 72.3% and 27.7% were HL and NHL, respectively while from leukemic cases, 61.1%, 23.2, 6.3%, 4.2%, and 5.3% were CLL, ALL, CML, AML, and other HM types, respectively. In this study, there was no trend.

Conclusion
We concluded that lymphoma was the dominant type of hematological malignancy observed in northwest Ethiopia. The study indicated that the majority of cases were observed among male, urban residents, and adult populations aged 18–45 years. Therefore, special focus should be given to the highly affected population. Further, a prospective cohort study should be conducted for a better understanding of the prevalence and associated factors to it.
The characteristics of oro-cervical necrotizing fasciitis—Comparison with severe cellulitis of oro-cervical region and necrotizing fasciitis of other body regions
Authors: Iwata Eiji , Kusumoto Junya , Takata Naoki , Furudoi Shungo , Tachibana Akira , Akashi Masaya 
Published: December 2021

Background
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an acute and life-threatening soft-tissue infection however rarely seen in oro-cervical region. Therefore, the details of oro-cervical NF (OCNF) are not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of OCNF by comparing it with severe cellulitis of oro-cervical region (OCSC) or NF of other body regions (e.g., limb, perineum, and trunk) (BNF), respectively.

Materials and methods
At first, various risk factors for OCNF in oro-cervical severe infection (OCSI; composed of OCNF and OCSC), including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score, were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Next, the differences between OCNF and BNF, including inflammatory markers and mortality, were investigated.

Results
In the present study, 14 out of 231 OCSI patients had OCNF. Multivariate analyses of OCSI patients showed that NLR ≥15.3 and LRINEC score ≥6 points were significantly related to OCNF. During the same period, 17 patients had BNF. The OCNF group had significantly higher inflammatory markers than the BNF group when diagnosis, but significantly lower clinical stages at the time and mortality as outcomes.

Conclusion
We found that compared to BNF, OCNF can be detected at lower clinical stage by using indexes, such as NLR and LRINEC score, besides clinical findings, which may help contributing to patient’s relief.
Correlates of perceived stress among community-dwelling older African Americans
Authors: Glover Crystal M. , Capuano Ana W. , Wilson Robert S. , Bennett David A. , Barnes Lisa L. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify correlates of perceived stress among older African Americans.Methods and findingsGuided by the National Institute on Aging’s (NIA) Health Disparities Research Framework, we grouped correlates into four levels–environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, and biological, and performed a cross-sectional analysis using ordinal logistic regression models. Participants included 722 African Americans [mean age = 73.61 years (SD = 6.33)] from the Minority Aging Research Study (MARS). Several protective correlates from environmental (e.g., larger life space), sociocultural (e.g., larger social network size), behavioral (e.g., more purpose in life), and biological (e.g., higher global cognition) levels were associated with a lower odds of having higher levels of perceived stress.ConclusionsPerceived stress was associated with established and novel correlates from every level. Future research is needed to examine how changes in these correlates may impact perceived stress in older African Americans.
mirada antropológica de Theo Angelopoulos en Ulysses’ Gaze
Authors: Candado Alonso Agustín-Julián 
Published: December 2021

La Mirada de Ulises es una película de 1995 dirigida por Theo Angelopoulos. En ella, el director griego nos invita a seguir los pasos de A. un ¿ficticio? cineasta griego que busca unas bobinas sin procesar de los Hermanos Manakis. A pesar de la simple premisa, pronto descubrimos cómo la película se convierte en un ejercicio profundamente autoconsciente de tintes antropológicos y filosóficos sobre cuestiones como la identidad, la memoria o el sentido de la experiencia.
En este trabajo evaluaremos la competencia antropológica de la cinta a través de una metodología comparativa entre el lenguaje poético y cinematográfico del director griego y el andamiaje propio de la antropología. Así, analizaremos secuencias específicas del filme que aborden temas antropológicos y reflexionaremos sobre las conclusiones o preguntas lanzadas por Angelopoulos con su película.
Como resultado, descubriremos que, no solo este ejercicio cinematográfico supone un interesante ensayo etnográfico, sino que lo que comúnmente denominados como obras de arte lleva implícito un interesante trabajo de campo antropológico.
Educomunicación, tics y prisión
Authors: De Andrés del Campo Susana , García Matilla Agustín , Merchán Bermejo José María 
Published: December 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa sobre la percepción de personas internas del centro penitenciario de Topas, Salamanca (España) en torno a las oportunidades educativas y el uso de TICs que realizan en la cárcel. Valoran como un hándicap la brecha tecnológica y la falta de oportunidades para compensarla, ya que, en su opinión, frenará sus oportunidades de reinserción.
El derecho al acceso a las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación está recogido en el marco del Derecho a la Educación. Se trata de un Derecho Fundamental contemplado en el ordenamiento jurídico nacional e internacional, que parece encontrar una de sus fisuras en un modelo de cárcel en el que las penas de privación de libertad se suman a la restricción de acceso a estas tecnologías, a pesar de que la cárcel se defina por su finalidad reeducativa y resocializadora.
P006 The Relationship of Histological Remission With the Duration of the Anamnesis Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Knyazev Oleg , Khomeriki Sergey , Kagramanova Anna , Lishchinskaya Albina , Noscova Karina , Li Irina , Shkurko Tatyana , Parfenov Asfold 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
The objectives of the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in accordance with the STRIDE-I provision, involves endoscopic healing of the colon mucosa. Histological remission is associated with endoscopic healing, which can be a predictor of long-term results. Biological and cellular therapy is most effective in the early stages of the disease.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the depth of histological remission with the duration of UC.

METHODS:
The biopsy material of 75 patients with total or left-sided UC of moderate severity and severe severity aged from 22 to 56 years (average age 31 ± 2.5 years), who were divided into groups depending on the therapy, was studied. The first group of patients with UC aged 22 to 51 years (Me-32) (n = 29) received anti-inflammatory therapy using mesenchymal stromal cell culture (MSCs) 2 million/kg; the second group of patients with UC (n = 27) aged 24 to 56 years (Me-38) received vedolizumab (VDB) according to the recommended scheme, the third group of patients with UC (n = 19) aged 27 to 52 years (Me-31) received MSCs+VDB. The achievement of histological remission was assessed by the score of Geboes (SG).

RESULTS:
In 1st group, patients who achieved histological remission (SG1) with a disease duration of more than 5 years - 14 (48.3%) patients, less than 5 years - 5 (17.2%) (95% CI 1.256 – 19.293; x2-7.635; p = 0.006). In the 2nd group of patients who achieved histological remission (SG1) with a disease duration of more than 5 years - 15 (55.5%) patients, less than 5 years - 4 (14.9%) (95% CI 1.262 - 20.615; x2-7.026; p = 0.009). In the 3rd group of patients who achieved histological remission (SG1) with a disease duration of more than 5 years - 4 (21.1%) patients, less than 5 years - 7 (36.8%) (95% CI 1.080 - 138.995; x2-4.968; p = 0.026).

CONCLUSION:
A statistically significant majority of patients who achieved histological remission, regardless of the therapy, had a disease duration of less than 5 years.
P023 Parental Distress in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Cesa Kevin , Kim Sandra , Robert Noll 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Prior studies have shown that parents of children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety, compared to parents with children who do not have a chronic illness (1). The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of symptoms of distress, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, among parents of children with IBD and associations with disease course and time from diagnosis.

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional study with parents with children (2-17 yrs) diagnosed with IBD. There were two cohorts: 1. recently diagnosed cohort (< 6 months from diagnosis); 2. established diagnosis cohort (> 1 year from diagnosis). Parents completed surveys that included demographic information and 3 widely used measures: Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), and Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form v1.0-Anxiety 8A (PROMIS-ANX).

RESULTS:
A total of 212 parents with children with IBD agreed to participate in our project. 52 parents in the recently diagnosed cohort and 103 parents in the established diagnosis cohort completed surveys. 52% of parents in the recently diagnosed cohort had clinically elevated scores on the PROMIS-ANX measure, with no significant difference in the transformed mean scores between the recently diagnosed and established diagnosis cohorts (3.77 vs 3.74, p = 0.220). Similarly, 45% of parents in the recently diagnosed cohort had clinically elevated depression scores, with no significant difference between the mean transformed scores between the recently diagnosed and the established diagnosis cohort (1.426 vs 1.346, p = 0.266). IES-R scores were significantly higher between parents of children recently diagnosed vs. established diagnosed (2.03 vs 1.62, p = 0.017). The cohort was further divided to those diagnosed within 3 months (n = 37) and those diagnosed over 5 years (n = 41) with no statically significant difference between mean transformed PROMIS-ANX (p = 0.371) or PHQ-8 scores (p = 0.605), but a significant increase in mean IES-R scores (p = 0.0478). There was no significant difference between mean transformed parental PROMIS-ANX, PHQ-8, or IES-R scores and patient’s IBD phenotypes or patient medications (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
In this cohort, we found that a majority of parents with children with IBD had clinically elevated anxiety scores with no significant decrease in mean transformed scores over time. The only measure of distress that did significantly reduce between cohorts was the mean transformed IES-R score. In conclusion, the present study suggests considerable parental distress in parents of children with IBD. Interventions to alleviate parental distress might be considered.
P051 Identifying High-Risk Patients With Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Is the ACE Index Useful?
Authors: Freitas Marta , Capela Tiago Lima , Macedo Silva Vítor , Arieira Cátia , Curdia Gonçalves Tiago , Dias de Castro Francisca , Moreira Maria João , Cotter José 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Treatment delay in patients admitted with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) are associated with increased mortality. Therefore, it is essential to identify on admission patients at high-risk of steroid nonresponse who may benefit from earlier second-line treatment or surgical intervention. Recently, the ACE index was developed and includes 3 variables at admission: C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥50mg/dL, albumin ≤30g/L and endoscopic severity (Mayo endoscopic score=3), and ranges between 0-3 points. An index of 3 has been shown to be useful to identify patients with acute ulcerative colitis with high-risk of steroid nonresponse.

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the ACE index performance in predicting steroids response in ASUC.

METHODS:
Retrospective study including consecutive admissions for ASUC according to Truelove and Witts definition between January 2005 and December 2020. The ACE index was calculated and its accuracy for predicting response to steroids on admission in ASUC was assessed through the area under the curve (AUC).

RESULTS:
Sixty-five patients were included of whom 78.5% responded to steroids. Mean CRP (p = 0.01), albumin (p=0.02) and endoscopic severity score (p < 0.001) at admission were significantly different between responders and nonresponders, as opposed to Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) score (p = 0.32). Median ACE index was 2. The ACE index was a predictor of steroids response (AUC 0.789; p = 0.001); 50.0% of patients with an index of 3 did not respond to steroids, and 86.3% of patients with an index inferior to 3 responded to steroids (positive predictive value 50.0%; negative predictive value of 86.3%).

CONCLUSION:
The ACE index is an accurate predictor of steroids response on admission in ASUC. However, in our study, the ACE index doesn´t discriminate whose high-risk patients would benefit from earlier therapeutic escalation, since only 50.0% of patients with an index of 3 did not respond to steroids.