bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Allied Health Rural Generalist Program 2017‐2019
Authors: Barker Ruth , Chamberlain‐Salaun Jennifer , Harrison Helena , Nash Robyn , Nielsen Ilsa , Harvey Desley , Sim Jenny , Ciccone Natalie , Carr Jennifer , Bird Katrina , Palermo Claire , Devine Sue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the development and implementation of the Allied Health Rural Generalist Program, a two‐level online post‐graduate education program, which includes Level 1, an entry‐level non‐award pathway program, and Level 2, a Graduate Diploma in Rural Generalist Practice.DesignA convergent mixed methodology evaluation in two overlapping stages: a process evaluation on quality and reach, together with a mixed method case study evaluation on benefits, of the program.SettingRural and remote Australia across ten sites and seven allied health professions: dietetics; occupational therapy; pharmacy; physiotherapy; podiatry; radiography; speech pathology.ParticipantsProcess evaluation included 91 participants enrolled in all or part of the Rural Generalist Program. Case study evaluation included 50 managers, supervisors and Rural Generalist Program participants from the ten study sites.InterventionsThe Allied Health Rural Generalist Program.Main outcome measuresProcess evaluation data were derived from enrolment data and education evaluation online surveys. Case study data were gathered via online surveys and semi‐structured interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently, analysed separately and then integrated to identify consistency, expansion or discordance across the data.ResultsThe Rural Generalist Program was viewed as an effective education program that provided benefits for Rural Generalist Program participants, employing organisations and consumers. Key improvements recommended included increasing profession‐specific and context‐specific content, ensuring Rural Generalist Program alignment with clinical and project requirements, strengthening support mechanisms within employing organisations and ensuring benefits can be sustained in the long term.ConclusionThe Rural Generalist Program offers a promising strategy for building a fit‐for‐purpose rural and remote allied health workforce.
Admission discipline and timing of admission may influence outcomes for gastrointestinal bleeding patients
Authors: Chue Koy Min , Boey Jonathan Yongwei , Ng Bridget Si Min , Teh Jun Liang , Kim Guowei , Shabbir Asim , Chan Yiong Huak , Hartman Mikael , So Jimmy Bok Yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBleeding of the gastrointestinal tract (BGIT) is a common gastrointestinal emergency. There is no consensus whether this condition should be admitted to medical or surgical discipline. Timing of presentation may also impact patient outcomes due to differences in healthcare resource availability. This study thus aims to investigate the impact of admitting discipline and timing of admission on patient outcomes in BGIT.MethodsA 2‐year tertiary institution database was retrospectively reviewed. Outcome measures included 30‐day mortality, 30‐day readmissions and rebleeding requiring repeat endoscopic, angiographic or surgical interventions. Secondary outcome measures included time to endoscopy, percutaneous angiographic interventions and surgery. The effect of admission discipline (medical versus surgical) and time of admission (office‐hours versus after office‐hours) were analysed using a propensity‐score‐adjusted estimate.ResultsA total of 1384 patients were included for analysis, medical (n = 853), surgical (n = 530); during office‐hours (n = 785) and after office‐hours (n = 595). After propensity‐score‐adjusted analysis, no significant differences in mortality or readmissions were noted between medical or surgical admissions. Patients admitted under surgery were less likely to sustain rebleeding (P = 0.004) for lower BGIT and had an earlier time to endoscopy for upper BGIT (P = 0.04). Patients admitted after office‐hours had similar outcomes with those admitted during office hours apart from a delay in time to endoscopy (P = 0.02).ConclusionFor BGIT patients, admission to a surgical discipline compared to a medical discipline appeared to have at least equivalent patient outcomes. Patients presenting with BGIT after office‐hours were more likely to experience a delay to endoscopy, although it did not affect patient mortality.
National images and trade attitudes: The case of South Korea
Authors: Hearn Eddie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile the number of regional trade agreements has expanded rapidly over the last 20 years, very few studies have analyzed individual preferences towards regional and bilateral trade. It is important, however, to consider individual attitudes toward bilateral trade distinctly. First, much of the recent public opposition to trade has not focused on globalization in general but relationships with specific countries. Second, democratically elected officials have political incentives to initiate trade disputes with unpopular partners. This article examines US public support for bilateral trade with South Korea. It is found that misconceptions about the Republic of Korea reduce US public support for bilateral trade. Priming respondents to view South Korea as wealthy, political allies, or culturally similar, however, increases support for trade. These results highlight the importance of perceptions and national branding on foreign relations.
New pathological illuminations on 3D transillumination transesophageal echocardiography imaging
Authors: Chao Chieh‐Ju , Mandale Deepa R. , Naqvi Tasneem Z. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of 3D technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography by overcoming the limitation of 2D echocardiography. Transillumination 3D image post processing technique enhances shadows and contrast of cardiac structures with a movable virtual light source improving further the clarity and detail provided by conventional 3D imaging. In this report, we present 3 cases, one of mobile atherosclerotic aortic root plaque, another of small thrombi on ICD lead, and a third case of bicuspid aortic valve perforation due to infective endocarditis in whom TEE 3D transillumination further improved the diagnostic quality of conventional 3D imaging and lead to accurate clinical diagnosis.
Encephalitis as a neurological complication of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of incidence, outcomes, and predictors
Authors: Siow Isabel , Lee Keng Siang , Zhang John J. Y. , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Ng Adeline 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough COVID‐19 predominantly affects the respiratory system, recent studies have reported the occurrence of neurological disorders such as stroke in relation to COVID‐19 infection. Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain that has been described as a severe neurological complication of COVID‐19. Despite a growing number of reported cases, encephalitis related to COVID‐19 infection has not been adequately characterised. To address this gap, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to describe the incidence, clinical course, and outcomes of patients who suffer from encephalitis as a complication of COVID‐19.MethodsAll studies published between 1 November 2019 and 24 October 2020 that reported on patients who developed encephalitis as a complication of COVID‐19 were included. Only cases with radiological and/or biochemical evidence of encephalitis were included.ResultsIn this study, 610 studies were screened and 23 studies reporting findings from 129,008 patients, including 138 with encephalitis, were included. The average time from diagnosis of COVID‐19 to onset of encephalitis was 14.5 days (range = 10.8–18.2 days). The average incidence of encephalitis as a complication of COVID‐19 was 0.215% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.056%–0.441%). The average mortality rate of encephalitis in COVID‐19 patients was 13.4% (95% CI = 3.8%–25.9%). These patients also had deranged clinical parameters, including raised serum inflammatory markers and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.ConclusionsAlthough encephalitis is an uncommon complication of COVID‐19, when present, it results in significant morbidity and mortality. Severely ill COVID‐19 patients are at higher risk of suffering from encephalitis as a complication of the infection.
Early onset epilepsy and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy with cardiac arrhythmia in mice carrying the early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 47 gain‐of‐function FHF1(FGF12) missense mutation
Authors: Velíšková Jana , Marra Christopher , Liu Yue , Shekhar Akshay , Park David S. , Iatckova Vasilisa , Xie Ying , Fishman Glenn I. , Velíšek Libor , Goldfarb Mitchell 
Published: May 2021

SummaryObjectiveFibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are brain and cardiac sodium channel‐binding proteins that modulate channel density and inactivation gating. A recurrent de novo gain‐of‐function missense mutation in the FHF1(FGF12) gene (p.Arg52His) is associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 47 (EIEE47; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database 617166). To determine whether the FHF1 missense mutation is sufficient to cause EIEE and to establish an animal model for EIEE47, we sought to engineer this mutation into mice.MethodsThe Arg52His mutation was introduced into fertilized eggs by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) editing to generate Fhf1R52H/F+ mice. Spontaneous epileptiform events in Fhf1R52H/+ mice were assessed by cortical electroencephalography (EEG) and video monitoring. Basal heart rhythm and seizure‐induced arrhythmia were recorded by electrocardiography. Modulation of cardiac sodium channel inactivation by FHF1BR52H protein was assayed by voltage‐clamp recordings of FHF‐deficient mouse cardiomyocytes infected with adenoviruses expressing wild‐type FHF1B or FHF1BR52H protein.ResultsAll Fhf1R52H/+ mice experienced seizure or seizurelike episodes with lethal ending between 12 and 26 days of age. EEG recordings in 19–20‐day‐old mice confirmed sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) as severe tonic seizures immediately preceding loss of brain activity and death. Within 2–53 s after lethal seizure onset, heart rate abruptly declined from 572 ± 16 bpm to 108 ± 15 bpm, suggesting a parasympathetic surge accompanying seizures that may have contributed to SUDEP. Although ectopic overexpression of FHF1BR52H in cardiomyocytes induced a 15‐mV depolarizing shift in voltage of steady‐state sodium channel inactivation and slowed the rate of channel inactivation, heart rhythm was normal in Fhf1R52H/+ mice prior to seizure.SignificanceThe Fhf1 missense mutation p.Arg52His induces epileptic encephalopathy with full penetrance in mice. Both Fhf1 (p.Arg52His) and Scn8a (p.Asn1768Asp) missense mutations enhance sodium channel Nav1.6 currents and induce SUDEP with bradycardia in mice, suggesting an FHF1/Nav1.6 functional axis underlying altered brain sodium channel gating in epileptic encephalopathy.
Identifying rotational symmetry axes in Kikuchi patterns by reciprocal vectors
Authors: Peng Fan , Zhang Yongsheng , Li Wei , Miao Hong , Zeng Yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSymmetry analysis of the Kikuchi pattern is helpful to determine the crystal structure, and can significantly reduce the screening range of phase identification, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of phase identification in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Accurately identifying the symmetry axis from the Kikuchi pattern is the primary task of symmetry analysis. In this study, a new method was proposed to identify symmetry axes in Kikuchi patterns with the aid of reciprocal vectors. Taking the Kikuchi patterns of single‐crystal silicon as a typical example, a method for drawing reciprocal vectors after strict projection correction is introduced. The complex task of identifying the symmetry axis is transformed into an intuitive judgment of the geometric relationship between reciprocal vectors, thus greatly simplifying the process. This method successfully elucidated information on six Kikuchi poles in three single‐crystal silicon Kikuchi patterns, including 3‐fold axes, 4‐fold axes and asymmetric axes. The method can also distinguish between a 3‐fold axis and an analogous 3‐fold axis despite their only slight differences.
Conservative management of a severe case of onychocryptosis at a podiatric clinic—A case report
Authors: Jakubowska Michalina , Wcisło‐Dziadecka Dominika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOnychocryptosis, also known as ingrown toenails or ungues incarnati, is a fairly frequent condition, with global prevalence of approximately 20%.ObjectivesThis study is aimed at discussing possible conservative management of severe onychocryptosis, with a case report.MethodsConservative approach is effective in reducing or even entirely correcting underlying nail deformities. Eliminating nail fold inflammation is necessary prior to the bracing procedure. The non‐surgical approach combined with proper wound treatment of the involved nail folds is a promising alternative for a growing number of patients.ResultsNail plate deformities may be largely corrected or fully eliminated. As demonstrated by our case report, even advanced stages of onychocryptosis may be effectively treated with nonsurgical modalities.ConclusionProper podiatric care facilitates conservative approach to management of ingrown toenails, improving the patient's overall wellbeing and eliminating pain. The prerequisite for nonsurgical correction of the nail plate is treating inflammation first. Conservative correction is more aesthetically pleasing and less emotionally disturbing to the patients than partial or complete surgical avulsion. Lesser invasiveness is an advantage especially in the case of patients with chronic comorbidities.
Narrow‐band imaging features of oral lichenoid conditions: A multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Guida Agostino , Ionna Franco , Farah Camile S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveNarrow‐band imaging (NBI), which highlights epithelial intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCLs) classified into five patterns (0 toIV) with increasing correlation to malignancy, has demonstrated effectiveness for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Lack of standardised procedures limits its use for routine inspection of oral lichenoid lesions including oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) and oral lichenoid reaction (OLR). The aim of this study was to analyse IPCL patterns of such lesions, assessing correlations with histopathological outcomes.Materials and MethodsA multicentre, retrospective study was performed on 84 patients who underwent NBI and subsequent biopsy for suspected OLP/OLL/OLR. Patients were examined with Evis Exera III NBI system. Recorded NBI video endoscopies were evaluated to assess IPCL patterns and correlated with histopathological outcomes.ResultsNo significant differences were detected among OLP/OLL/OLR on NBI inspection. All lichenoid lesions were significantly related to low‐grade (0‐II) IPCL patterns, clearly distinguishable from OSCC, showing pattern IV (p < 0.05).ConclusionsNBI cannot discern among OLP/OLL/OLR lesions. Interpretation should be modulated when assessing lichenoid lesions. NBI has potential to discern malignant transformation occurring in lichenoid lesions undergoing long‐term follow‐up, as IPCL pattern IV may be used as a clinical marker of malignancy arising in chronic inflammatory lesions.
Aesthetics of the martial arts
Authors: Bicknell Jeanette 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe past 15 years have seen an increase in interest in the martial arts by philosophers in the Anglo‐American tradition. Evidence includes two collections of essays and a book‐length study of the Asian martial arts from the perspective of western philosophy. In this article I summarize some of the most significant recent contributions to the philosophical aesthetics of the martial arts and suggest further areas for development. I begin in the first section with some general considerations regarding the martial arts as arts. In the sections that follow, I consider the martial arts in conjunction with three established areas of philosophical aesthetic inquiry: dance, sport, and everyday aesthetics. In the final section I offer some additional areas for development.
Factors associated with neutropenia post heart transplantation
Authors: Chow Jennifer K. L. , Ruthazer Robin , Boucher Helen W. , Vest Amanda R. , DeNofrio David M. , Snydman David R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeutropenia is a serious complication following heart transplantation (OHT); however, risk factors for its development and its association with outcomes is not well described. We sought to study the prevalence of neutropenia, risk factors associated with its development, and its impact on infection, rejection, and survival.MethodsA retrospective single‐center analysis of adult OHT recipients from July 2004 to December 2017 was performed. Demographic, laboratory, medication, infection, rejection, and survival data were collected for 1 year post‐OHT. Baseline laboratory measurements were collected within the 24 hours before OHT. Neutropenia was defined as absolute neutrophil count ≤1000 cells/mm3. Cox proportional hazards models explored associations with time to first neutropenia. Associations between neutropenia, analyzed as a time‐dependent covariate, with secondary outcomes of time to infection, rejection, or death were also examined.ResultsOf 278 OHT recipients, 84 (30%) developed neutropenia at a median of 142 days (range 81‐228) after transplant. Factors independently associated with increased risk of neutropenia included lower baseline WBC (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.11‐1.24), pre‐OHT ventricular assist device (1.63; 1.00‐2.66), high‐risk CMV serostatus [donor positive, recipient negative] (1.86; 1.19‐2.88), and having a previous CMV infection (4.07; 3.92‐13.7).ConclusionsNeutropenia is a fairly common occurrence after adult OHT. CMV infection was associated with subsequent neutropenia, however, no statistically significant differences in outcomes were found between neutropenic and non‐neutropenic patients in this small study. It remains to be determined in future studies if medication changes in response to neutropenia would impact patient outcomes.
Optimizing the Cost and Reliability of Shared Anchors in an Array of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Devin Michael C. , DuPont Bryony L. , Hallowell Spencer T. , Arwade Sanjay R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Commercial floating offshore wind projects are expected to emerge in the U.S. by the end of this decade. Currently, however, high costs for the technology limit its commercial viability, and a lack of data regarding system reliability heightens project risk. This work presents an optimization algorithm to examine the tradeoffs between cost and reliability for a floating offshore wind array that uses shared anchoring. Combining a multivariable genetic algorithm with elements of Bayesian optimization, the optimization algorithm selectively increases anchor strengths to minimize the added costs of failure for a large floating wind farm in the Gulf of Maine under survival load conditions. The algorithm uses an evaluation function that computes the probability of mooring system failure, then calculates the expected maintenance costs of a failure via a Monte Carlo method. A cost sensitivity analysis is also performed to compare results for a range of maintenance cost profiles. The results indicate that virtually all of the farm's anchors are strengthened in the minimum cost solution. Anchor strength is increased between 5 and 35% depending on farm location, with anchor strength nearest the export cable being increased the most. The optimal solutions maintain a failure probability of 1.25%, demonstrating the tradeoff point between cost and reliability. System reliability was found to be particularly sensitive to changes in turbine costs and downtime, suggesting further research into floating offshore wind turbine failure modes in extreme loading conditions could be particularly impactful in reducing project uncertainty.
An Encounter With Lattice Boltzmann for Biomedical Applications: Interactive Simulation to Support Clinical and Design Decisions
Authors: Ferrari Simone , Ambrogio Simone , Narracott Andrew J. , Walker Adrian , Morris Paul D. , Fenner John W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Medical device design for personalized medicine requires sophisticated tools for optimization of biomechanical and biofluidic devices. This paper investigates a new real-time tool for simulating structural and fluid scenarios—ansys Discovery Live—and we evaluate its capability in the fluid domain through benchmark flows that all involve steady-state flow at the inlet and zero pressure at the outlet. Three scenarios are reported: (i) Laminar flow in a straight pipe, (ii) vortex shedding from the Karman vortex, and (iii) nozzle flows as characterized by an FDA benchmark geometry. The solver uses a lattice Boltzmann method requiring a high-performance GPU (nVidiaGTX1080, 8GB RAM). Results in each case were compared with the literature and demonstrated credible solutions, all delivered in near real-time: (i) The straight pipe delivered parabolic flow after an appropriate entrance length (plug flow inlet conditions), (ii) the Karman vortex demonstrated appropriate vortex shedding as a function of Reynolds number, characterized by Strouhal number in both the free field and within a pipe, and (iii) the FDA benchmark geometry generated results consistent with the literature in terms of variation of velocity along the centerline and in the radial direction, although deviation from experimental validation was evident in the sudden expansion section of the geometry. This behavior is similar to previously reported results from Navier–Stokes solvers. A cardiovascular stenosis example is also considered, to provide a more direct biomedical context. The current software framework imposes constraints on inlet/outlet boundary conditions, and only supports limited control of solver discretization without providing full field vector flow data outputs. Nonetheless, numerous benefits result from the interactive interface and almost real-time solution, providing a tool that may help to accelerate the arrival of improved patient-specific medical devices.
Experimental Investigation on the Rubbing Process of Labyrinth Seals Considering the Material Combination
Authors: Hühn Lisa , Munz Oliver , Schwitzke Corina , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Labyrinth seals are used to prevent and control the mass flowrate between rotating components. Due to thermally and mechanically induced expansions during operation and transient flight maneuvers, a contact, the so-called rubbing process, between rotor and stator cannot be excluded. A large amount of rubbing process data concerning numerical and experimental investigations is available in public literature as well as at the Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery (ITS). The investigations were carried out for different operating conditions, material combinations, and component geometries. In combination with the experiments presented in this paper, the effects of the different variables on load due to rubbing are compared and discussed with the focus lying on the material combination. The influence of the material on the loads can be identified as detailed as never before. For example, the contact forces in the current experiments are higher due to a higher temperature resistance of Young’s modulus. The analysis will also be based on the rubbing of turbine blades. Design guidelines are derived for labyrinth seals with improved properties regarding tolerance of rub events. Based on the knowledge obtained, guidelines for designing reliable labyrinth seals for future engines are discussed.