bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of motives of inward FDI on benefits perceived by foreign multinational enterprises investing in India
Authors: Kishor Nawal ,   Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh,    Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
Published: August 2021

The study aims to determine the principal motives of inward foreign direct investment by foreign multinational companies in India. The study undertakes to find out the impact of motives of inward foreign investment of multinational firms on benefits as perceived by the managers. The paper uses a survey approach to collect data about motives and its impact on benefits. Statistical tools, namely confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling have been used. The study found that principal motive for foreign multinational firms to undertake investment is market-seeking followed by resource-seeking and efficiency-seeking motive. The strategic-asset seeking motive does not significantly influence foreign direct investment in India. The study found a positive impact between perceived benefits and motives of inward foreign direct investment in India.
Resolving Structure in the Debris Disk around HD 206893 with ALMA
Authors: Nederlander Ava , Hughes A. Meredith , Fehr Anna J. , Flaherty Kevin M. , Su Kate Y. L. , Moór Attila , Chiang Eugene , Andrews Sean M. , Wilner David J. , Marino Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Debris disks are tenuous, dusty belts surrounding main-sequence stars generated by collisions between planetesimals. HD 206893 is one of only two stars known to host a directly imaged brown dwarf orbiting interior to its debris ring, in this case at a projected separation of 10.4 au. Here we resolve structure in the debris disk around HD 206893 at an angular resolution of 0.″6 (24 au) and wavelength of 1.3 mm with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We observe a broad disk extending from a radius of <51 au to

194

−
2

+
13

au. We model the disk with a continuous, gapped, and double power-law model of the surface density profile and find strong evidence for a local minimum in the surface density distribution near a radius of 70 au, consistent with a gap in the disk with an inner radius of

63

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16

+
8

au and width

31

−
7

+
11

au. Gapped structure has been observed in four other debris disks—essentially every other radially resolved debris disk observed with sufficient angular resolution and sensitivity with ALMA—and could be suggestive of the presence of an additional planetary-mass companion.
Light-curve Test of GRB 090717 as a Gravitationally Lensed Echo
Authors: Mukherjee Oindabi , Nemiroff Robert J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Light curve comparison is a simple but statistically powerful test for the presence of gravitational lensing in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Since gravitational lensing does not change relative timing internal to images, all source images created by gravitational lensing should show the same light curve to within a scale factor in amplitude. Applied to the recent claim that the two pulses in GRB 090717 are lensed images of the same pulse, it was found that the light curves for these pulses actually differ at about the 5.0σ confidence level (99.999956%) in a χ
2 comparison test. Under the given assumptions, GRB 090717 therefore does not present a compelling example of gravitational lensing.
Using VIRTIS on Venus Express to Constrain the Properties of the Giant Dark Cloud Observed in Images of Venus by IR2 on Akatsuki
Authors: McGouldrick Kevin , Peralta Javier , Barstow Joanna K. , Tsang Constantine C. C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A cloud opacity contrast feature that has been called a “long-lived sharp disruption” has been seen in the atmosphere of Venus in the near-infrared using Akatsuki’s IR2 camera, most clearly at equatorial latitudes. This feature was found to have a consistent planet-circling period of 4.9 days, and subsequent searches of past imagery revealed that it has probably existed for at least 30 years, the duration of near-infrared investigation of the deep atmosphere of Venus. Guided by the remarkably consistent morphological appearance of this feature, we have identified at least one previous instance of it in the Venus Express Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) data. We take advantage of the spectroscopic capabilities of VIRTIS to retrieve atmospheric parameters in the vicinity of this feature that cannot be retrieved using the limited filter selection on board Akatsuki. We find that the changes in measurable quantities, such as cloud particle acid mass fraction, water vapor, carbon monoxide, cloud base altitude, and particle size, suggest that the changes that take place in the vicinity of this feature are restricted to the lower clouds of Venus (below 50 km). We hypothesize that further evolution of this feature (over timescales of days to weeks) results in measurable variations in these parameters at altitudes in the middle clouds of Venus (50–57 km), lending credence to its identification as a baroclinic trough or Kelvin front.
Ocean Circulation on Enceladus with a High- versus Low-salinity Ocean
Authors: Zeng Yaoxuan , Jansen Malte F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Previous studies that have considered the ocean circulation on Enceladus have generally assumed the salinity to be Earth-like. However, according to observations and geochemical constraints, the salinity of Enceladus’s ocean is likely to be lower, and importantly, it is probably low enough to reverse the sign of thermal expansivity. We investigate the ocean circulation and stratification of Enceladus’s ocean using a combination of theoretical arguments and simulations using the MITgcm. We find that if the salinity is high, the whole ocean is unstratified, and convection dominates the entire ocean. However, if the salinity is low enough, there exists a stratified layer in the upper ocean, whose thickness depends on the magnitude of the turbulent vertical diffusivity, which remains poorly constrained. Such a layer can suppress the vertical flux of heat and tracers, thereby affecting the heat flux to the ice shell and leading to a vertical tracer mixing timescale across the stratified layer of at least hundreds of years. This timescale is inconsistent with a previous estimate of vertical ocean mixing of several years, based on the size of detected silica nanoparticles in the plumes, leading us to conclude that either the salinity of Enceladus’s ocean is higher than previously suggested or the interpretation of silica nanoparticle observations has to be reconsidered.
La chance et les biens moraux et non moraux chez Aristote
Authors: Broadie Sarah , Lefebvre David 
Published: August 2021

Le sujet de l’étude est la relation entre le bonheur et la chance selon Aristote. Ce problème est abordé à partir de la question de savoir si la sagesse et la vertu suffisent au bonheur. Si tel était le cas, une personne pauvre et malade serait heureuse. Pour Aristote, au contraire, le bonheur nécessite des biens non moraux pour être complet. Le bonheur n’est pas seulement ce qui rend les autres choses bonnes, il est aussi ce qui est complet et désirable. Dans ce cas, la question du rapport du bonheur à la chance se pose : le bonheur dépend-il de la chance ? Ce problème est lui-même examiné dans le cas particulier d’un bien non moral : la fin de la vie. Aristote est-il d’accord avec le mot de Solon : « Ne pas dire “heureux” ceux qui sont encore vivants, mais seulement une fois la fin atteinte. » Peut-on dire qu’une vie est heureuse même si sa fin est inconnue ? Peut-on dire qu’elle est heureuse maintenant, quand on sait qu’elle se terminera misérablement ? L’auteur fait une lecture détaillée des deux traitements qu’Aristote donne à cette question en EE II 1 et EN I 10-11. Elle montre que, selon l’ Éthique à Nicomaque , il est possible de dire que quelqu’un est heureux même si l’on ne connaît pas la fin de sa vie. Le bonheur ne dépend pas du hasard dans la mesure où le bonheur dépend entièrement de l’activité vertueuse qui, à son tour, ne dépend que de l’agent. L’article se termine par une analyse plus brève de ce qu’on appelle la « chance constitutive » en EN III 7 et X 10.
Le peuple contre l’État ? Les deux logiques du Contrat social
Authors: Toto Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Cet article s’intéresse au Contrat social de Rousseau afin d’examiner si cet ouvrage permet de penser une révolte populaire contre l’État et, si oui, à quelles conditions. Dans cette perspective, nous nous concentrons principalement sur quelques détails apparemment marginaux : l’oscillation, par exemple, entre une conception de la « crise » comme occasion de régénération ou de renaissance de l’État ; l’hésitation entre une conception des mœurs et des coutumes comme formant le cœur de la législation et qui garantit la survivance du corps en deçà de la condition de mort apparente engendrée par les conflits, et une conception dans laquelle ces mœurs et ces coutumes s’avèrent constituer le résultat du conflit lui-même ; l’indécision entre une définition de la légitimité politique comme entièrement réabsorbée par la simple légalité et une autre où cette légitimité déborde toutes les formes et les limitations légales. De cette façon, l’article met en évidence la présence, dans le Contrat lui-même, de deux logiques opposées. D’une part, une logique d’après laquelle toute séparation entre le peuple et l’État disparaît. Dans cette perspective, tout contraste entre les deux pôles est inconcevable, et ce qui à première vue semble être une révolte du peuple contre l’État doit être lu comme une intervention du souverain visant à rétablir l’ordre légitime violé. D’autre part, une logique qui admet au contraire une relative autonomie du peuple par rapport aux institutions établies, et qui par là même permet de penser un conflit entre les deux pôles.
Les sciences sociales en gilet jaune
Authors: Bendali Zakaria , Rubert Aldo 
Published: August 2021

Cet article propose une recension thématique de la production scientifique sur le mouvement des Gilets jaunes parue depuis le déclenchement de cette mobilisation en novembre 2018. Il se donne pour but de faire la synthèse des principaux résultats qui émergent de la lecture des diverses analyses publiées principalement en sociologie et en science politique, avec quelques entrées vers l’histoire, la géographie, l’anthropologie et la théorie politique. Ce faisant, il entend dégager les caractéristiques saillantes du mouvement tel qu’il a interpellé le champ scientifique, les lignes de force interprétatives autant que les débats qui ont émergé autour de quelques « grandes questions ».
Quorum Sensing by Gelsolin Regulates Programmed Cell Death 4 Expression and a Density-Dependent Phenotype in Macrophages
Authors: Sharma Reshma Kumari , Goswami Binita , Das Mandal Sukhen , Guha Abhishek , Willard Belinda , Ray Partho Sarothi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Quorum-sensing mechanisms that sense the density of immune cells at the site of inflammation to initiate inflammation resolution have recently been demonstrated as a major determinant of the inflammatory response. We observed a density-dependent increase in expression of the inflammatory tumor suppressor protein programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in mouse macrophage cells. Conditioned medium from high-density cells upregulated PDCD4 expression, revealing the presence of a secreted factor(s) acting as a macrophage quorum sensor. Secreted gelsolin (GSN) was identified as the quorum-sensing autoinducer. Alteration of GSN levels changed PDCD4 expression and the density-dependent phenotype of cells. LPS induced the expression of microRNA miR-21, which downregulated both GSN and PDCD4 expression, and reversed the high-density phenotype. The high-density phenotype was correlated with an anti-inflammatory gene expression program, which was counteracted by inflammatory stimulus. Together, our observations establish the miR-21–GSN-PDCD4 regulatory network as a crucial mediator of a macrophage quorum-sensing mechanism for the control of inflammatory responses.
Multimodal Intralesional Therapy for Reshaping the Myeloid Compartment of Tumors Resistant to Anti–PD-L1 Therapy via IRF8 Expression
Authors: Patel Ankit , Oba Takaaki , Kajihara Ryutaro , Yokoi Toshihiro , Abrams Scott I , Ito Fumito 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Intralesional therapy is a promising approach for remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment while minimizing systemic toxicities. A combinatorial in situ immunomodulation (ISIM) regimen with intratumoral administration of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), local irradiation, and TLR3/CD40 stimulation induces and activates conventional type 1 dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment and elicits de novo adaptive T cell immunity in poorly T cell–inflamed tumors. However, the impact of ISIM on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which may promote treatment resistance, remains unknown. In this study, we examined changes in the frequencies and heterogeneity of CD11b+Ly-6CloLy-6G+ polymorphonuclear (PMN)–MDSCs and CD11b+Ly-6ChiLy-6G− monocytic (M)–MDSCs in ISIM-treated tumors using mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer. We found that ISIM treatment decreased intratumoral PMN-MDSCs, but not M-MDSCs. Although the frequency of M-MDSCs remained unchanged, ISIM caused a substantial reduction of CX3CR1+ M-MDSCs that express F4/80. Importantly, these ISIM-induced changes in tumor-residing MDSCs were not observed in Batf3−/− mice. ISIM upregulated PD-L1 expression in both M-MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs and synergized with anti–PD-L1 therapy. Furthermore, ISIM increased the expression of IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) in myeloid cells, a known negative regulator of MDSCs, indicating a potential mechanism by which ISIM decreases PMN-MDSC levels. Accordingly, ISIM-mediated reduction of PMN-MDSCs was not observed in mice with conditional deletion of IRF8 in myeloid cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that ISIM holds promise as a multimodal intralesional therapy to alter both lymphoid and myeloid compartments of highly aggressive poorly T cell–inflamed, myeloid-enriched tumors resistant to anti–PD-L1 therapy.
Pioglitazone Induces Dysplastic Urothelial Changes in Urinary Bladder of Experimental Diabetes
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Ahmed A. M. , Firgany Alaa El-Din L. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
Pioglitazone (PIO) is a widely prescribed oral antidiabetic drug that has concerns regarding a potential risk of developing carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The objective of the current study was to assess this potential risk.

Materials and Methods:
The potential risk of PIO-induced urinary bladder carcinoma was assessed in the current study by examining urinary bladder of rats for urothelial cytokeratin (CK) expression and proliferative activity by Ki67 immunostaining.

Results:
Histological examination revealed dysplastic urothelial changes in PIO per
se and diabetes mellitus + PIO (diabetic rats receiving PIO). In addition, a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased CK7 and CK8 expression together with a significantly increased CK20 as well as Ki67 expression was detected in the urothelial cells of groups administrated PIO, contrary to those which did not.

Conclusion:
The manifestations of urothelial dysplasia evidenced by histological examination as well as by the aberrant expression in CK and Ki67 after PIO administration add supporting evidence at cellular and experimental level to the previous clinical suspicions.
Premarital Screening for Hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Algiraigri Ali H. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the study was to address parents' perspectives and to investigate contributing factors that led to suboptimal results of premarital screening for sickle cell anemia (SCA) or thalassemia, as nearly 50% of at-risk couples decline the advice they are given and instead proceed with the marriage.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study of forty parents (mother or father) who were identified as being in an at-risk couple based on results of premarital screening for carriers of SCA or thalassemia was conducted. These at-risk couples ignored medical advice, proceeded with marriage, and subsequently gave birth to a child afflicted with SCA or thalassemia. The study was composed of a self-administered questionnaire with scenario-based and advice-seeking questions from the point of view of a relative or friend in a similar marital situation.

RESULTS:
Results of this study found that parents of children with SCA or thalassemia advised against proceeding with an at-risk marriage. Most of the participants felt pressured to continue with their marriage, as premarital testing was conducted too late; furthermore, they felt guilty about their decision and wished that the marriage had not occurred.

CONCLUSION:
This study highlights some of the current drawbacks of premarital testing when it is conducted very close to the wedding, which makes it very difficult to stop an at-risk marriage, as this is socially unacceptable.
Investigação do comportamento viscoelástico de amostras de licor negro oriundas do processo de polpação Kraft da Cenibra-MG à 25 oc
Authors: Denadai Ângelo M. L. , Dos Santos Euler T. , Dos Santos Humberto L. , Moreira José M. Q. , De Oliveira Fernando C. , Bombard Antonio J. F. , De Oliveira Tiago Marcel 
Published: August 2021

RESUMO
O comportamento viscoelástico dos licores negros de eucalipto (LN) do processo de polpação Kraft da CENIBRA foi avaliado a 25 oC, na ausência (LNSC) e na presença (LNCC) de cinzas da ebulição da recuperação química, que são geralmente misturadas com licores negros para melhorar a eficiência da recuperação química. As amostras foram tosquiadas em campos rotativos e oscilatórios, mostrando os comportamentos de cisalhamento e cisalhamento dependentes da taxa de cisalhamento aplicada. A viscosidade complexa - *, o módulo de armazenamento e perda - G' e G'', e a tensão de rendimento 0 para LNSC foram todos muito superiores ao LNCC, provavelmente devido à fragmentação molecular causada pela adição de cinzas.

ABSTRACT
The viscoelastic behavior of eucalyptus black liquors (LN) from CENIBRA Kraft pulping process was evaluated at 25 oC, in absence (LNSC) and in presence (LNCC) of ash from chemical recovery boiling, which are usually mixed with black liquors to improve the efficiency of chemical recovery. The samples were sheared upon rotational and oscillatory fields, showing booth shear-thickening and shear-thinning behaviors dependent of applied shear rate. The complex viscosity – h*, storage and loss modulus – G’ and G’’, and yield stress s0 for LNSC were all very higher than LNCC, probably due the molecular fragmentation caused by addition of ashes.
Ensino motivador de inglês por meio de um projeto de extensão na universidade federal do Pará
Authors: Dos Santos Isabelly Raiane Silva 
Published: August 2021

No contexto da globalização, a língua inglesa vem ganhando cada vez mais notoriedade no cenário mundial. Como base nisso, inúmeros projetos de incentivo à aprendizagem de inglês vêm sido criados no estado do Pará. Dentre eles, é possível citar o projeto de extensão da Faculdade de Letras Estrangeiras Modernas (FALEM), na Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA): Fá Lá English Project (FLEP), vinculado ao Vale Música, um programa social de música que procura capacitar crianças e adolescentes da rede pública de ensino da região metropolitana de Belém (PA) e da Serra (ES). Os alunos formam grupos musicais, corais, bandas, orquestras, e realizam apresentações em diversos locais. O FLEP funciona como um suporte, já que graduandos da UFPA têm a oportunidade de aprimorar suas habilidades dentro da sala de aula, assim como jovens músicos são encorajados a aprender uma língua estrangeira. Desse modo, os objetivos desta pesquisa são: expor aspectos que possibilitem a compreensão do papel da autonomia e da motivação no processo de aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, assim como evidenciar a eficácia do FLEP para uma aprendizagem de inglês bem-sucedida. O referencial teórico desta investigação de cunho qualitativo é composto por conceitos propostos por autores como Ushioda (1996), Benson (2001), Paiva (2006), Brown (2007), Dantas (2008), Dantas e Magno e Silva (2008) e Magno e Silva, Dantas, Sá e Matos e Martins (2013). Partindo desses referenciais teóricos, durante o ano de 2015, uma turma de aproximadamente 15 (quinze) alunos foi analisada. Para a consolidação desta pesquisa, foram utilizadas ferramentas para a coleta de dados, tais como desenhos, fichas de auto avaliação, provas e redações dos alunos. Tendo os docentes como os principais agentes motivadores, ao final do projeto foram observados altos níveis de motivação em grande parte dos estudantes. Assim, constatou-se que a inserção de temas culturais na metodologia de ensino tornou a participação dos alunos mais ativa, o que contribuiu em grande parte no bom andamento e sucesso das atividades aplicadas.
O ensino da língua brasileira de sinais na modalidade a distância e a formação docente
Authors: Perboni Edilene Mizael De Carvalho , Silva Adriana De Cássia Santana , Dos Reis Ana Carolina Sandry Francisco , Siqueira Luana Karina , Sebastião Solange Aparecida 
Published: August 2021

RESUMO
Este estudo investiga o ensino da língua brasileira de sinais na modalidade a distância em um curso de formação de professores. Tem como objetivo compreender as implicações conceituais, metodológicas e práticas na formação inicial de pedagogos. Divide-se em três seções pelas quais foi possível desenvolver objetivos específicos e educação de surdos nos contextos históricos mundial, de Brasil e Minas Gerais; conhecer, na visão dos gestores, quais as implicações pedagógicas e institucionais interferem na implantação desse processo, a partir do que foi possível destacar quais limites se apresentam para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da língua brasileira de sinais a distância na formação docente. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados se basearam em fundamentos da pesquisa qualitativa; os estudos teóricos se fundamentaram em autores que debatem a educação de surdos, o ensino da língua de sinais e a educação a distância, cujos referenciais teóricos e legais foram coletados em repositórios institucionais de teses e pesquisas, sites institucionais da área da educação e de legislações referentes aos temas investigados, bem como no Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e em periódicos científicos educacionais atuais.

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the teaching of Brazilian Sign Language at a distance in a teacher education course. It aims to understand the conceptual, methodological and practical implications in the initial training of educators. It is divided into three sections through which it was possible to develop specific objectives and deaf education in the historical contexts of the world, Brazil and Minas Gerais; to know, in the view of managers, what pedagogical and institutional implications interfere with the implementation of this process, from which it was possible to highlight what limits are presented for the process of teaching and learning Brazilian sign language at a distance in teacher training. The methodological procedures used were based on qualitative research foundations; the theoretical studies were based on authors who discuss deaf education, sign language teaching and distance education, whose theoretical and legal references were collected in institutional repositories of theses and research, institutional websites in the field of education and legislation on the topics investigated, as well as in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and in current educational scientific journals.