bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mirroring Action Potentials: Label‐Free, Accurate, and Noninvasive Electrophysiological Recordings of Human‐Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Barbaglia Andrea , Dipalo Michele , Melle Giovanni , Iachetta Giuseppina , Deleye Lieselot , Hubarevich Aliaksandr , Toma Andrea , Tantussi Francesco , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe electrophysiological recording of action potentials in human cells is a long‐sought objective due to its pivotal importance in many disciplines. Among the developed techniques, invasiveness remains a common issue, causing cytotoxicity or altering unpredictably cell physiological response. In this work, a new approach for recording intracellular signals of outstanding quality and with noninvasiveness is introduced. By taking profit of the concept of mirror charge in classical electrodynamics, the new proposed device transduces cell ionic currents into mirror charges in a microfluidic chamber, thus realizing a virtual mirror cell. By monitoring mirror charge dynamics, it is possible to effectively record the action potentials fired by the cells. Since there is no need for accessing or interacting with the cells, the method is intrinsically noninvasive. In addition, being based on optical recording, it shows high spatial resolution and high parallelization. As shown through a set of experiments, the presented methodology is an ideal candidate for the next generation devices for the reliable assessment of cardiotoxicity on human‐derived cardiomyocytes. More generally, it paves the way toward a new family of in vitro biodevices that will lay a new milestone in the field of electrophysiology.
Digital Transformation in Materials Science: A Paradigm Change in Material's Development
Authors: Kimmig Julian , Zechel Stefan , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ongoing digitalization is rapidly changing and will further revolutionize all parts of life. This statement is currently omnipresent in the media as well as in the scientific community; however, the exact consequences of the proceeding digitalization for the field of materials science in general and the way research will be performed in the future are still unclear. There are first promising examples featuring the potential to change discovery and development approaches toward new materials. Nevertheless, a wide range of open questions have to be solved in order to enable the so‐called digital‐supported material research. The current state‐of‐the‐art, the present and future challenges, as well as the resulting perspectives for materials science are described.
Self‐Poled Sausage‐Like PVDF Nanowires Produced by Confined Phase Inversion as Novel Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Soleymani Hosna , Noormohammadi Mohammad , Kashi Mohammad Almasi , Amiri Morteza Hassanpour , Michels Jasper J. , Asadi Kamal , Abolhasani Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPiezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanowires are of particular interest for energy harvesting as they are ultra‐sensitive to small vibrations. Here, a new, cost‐effective, and scalable approach to producing PVDF nanowires with strongly enhanced power output is presented. The method combines template‐wetting in cylindrical nano‐confinement with anisotropic solvent‐nonsolvent phase inversion to yield a fully novel nanowire morphology consisting of “sausage‐like” strings of nano‐domains. Dynamic numerical simulations of the phase inversion reveal the formation of these structures to be subject to a very rich and complex phenomenology. The simulated dependence of the feature size on the degree of confinement agrees with the experimentally observed trend. It is unambiguously demonstrated that the sausage‐like nano‐generators upsurge the power density to 280% compared to normal nanowires. Finite element modeling explains how the higher deformability of the sausage‐like nanostructures gives rise to this significant enhancement in piezoelectric performance.
Facile Fabrication of Self‐Assembly Functionalized Polythiophene Hole Transporting Layer for High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Chi‐Yuan , Huang Hsin‐Hsiang , Tsai Hsinhan , Lin Shu‐Ling , Liu Pang‐Hsiao , Chen Wei , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Nie Wanyi , Chen Yang‐Fang , Wang Leeyih 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCrystallinity and crystal orientation have a predominant impact on a materials’ semiconducting properties, thus it is essential to manipulate the microstructure arrangements for desired semiconducting device performance. Here, ultra‐uniform hole‐transporting material (HTM) by self‐assembling COOH‐functionalized P3HT (P3HT‐COOH) is fabricated, on which near single crystal quality perovskite thin film can be grown. In particular, the self‐assembly approach facilitates the P3HT‐COOH molecules to form an ordered and homogeneous monolayer on top of the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode facilitate the perovskite crystalline film growth with high quality and preferred orientations. After detailed spectroscopy and device characterizations, it is found that the carboxylic acid anchoring groups can down‐shift the work function and passivate the ITO surface, retarding the interface carrier recombination. As a result, the device made with the self‐assembled HTM show high open‐circuit voltage over 1.10 V and extend the lifetime over 4,300 h when storing at 30% relative humidity. Moreover, the cell works efficiently under much reduced light power, making it useful as power source under dim‐light conditions. The demonstration suggests a new facile way of fabricating monolayer HTM for high efficiency perovskite devices, as well as the interconnecting layer needed for tandem cell.
Improved Threshold Switching and Endurance Characteristics Using Controlled Atomic‐Scale Switching in a 0.5 nm Thick Stoichiometric HfO2Layer
Authors: Lee Seungwoo , Banerjee Writam , Lee Sangmin , Sung Changhyuck , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrochemical metallization cell–based threshold switching (TS) devices are promising candidates for selectors in high‐density cross‐point memory arrays. However, TS characteristics in density‐ and stoichiometry‐engineered solid electrolyte systems have not been studied. By adopting TS‐based stoichiometric and substoichiometric solid electrolyte HfO2layers, the localized atomic scale movement of Ag ions can be effectively controlled in ultrathin bilayers. The stoichiometric HfO2thickness is crucial to this. This study proposes defect‐ and density‐engineered bilayer TS with a 0.5 nm critical thickness of the stoichiometric HfO2layer, which maximizes various switching characteristics. The unstable filament in the ultrathin stoichiometric HfO2layer prevents the formation of stable Ag clusters owing to limited Ag injection into the dense and stoichiometric HfO2layer. In addition, the substoichiometric HfO1.91(1.5 nm) buffer layer prevents direct injection of Ag ions from the top electrode into the dense HfO2layer. These factors enable the bilayer design to achieve a high turn‐off speed of 100 ns, excellent endurance above 107cycles, low off current of ≈pA, and tightVthdistributions even for sub‐2 nm devices. These exceptional results demonstrate the possibility of designing density‐graded bilayer TS devices with high stability, fast switching, and high endurance.
Thermally Stable and Highly Conductive SAMs on Ag Substrate—The Impact of the Anchoring Group
Authors: Wróbel Mateusz , Żaba Tomasz , Sauter Eric , Krawiec Mariusz , Sobczuk Joanna , Terfort Andreas , Zharnikov Michael , Cyganik Piotr 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metal substrates are an important part of modern interfacial chemistry and nanotechnology. The robustness of SAMs strongly depends on their thermal stability, which, together with electric conductivity, crucial for their applications in molecular/organic electronics. In this context, using a multidisciplinary approach, the structure, stability, and conductivity properties of conjugated aromatic SAMs featuring the naphthalene backbone and S, Se, or COO group, mediating bonding to the Ag substrate are addressed. Whereas thermal stability of these SAMs exhibits a strong dependence on anchoring group, their conductivity is similar, which is rationalized by tentative model considering redistribution of charge density along the molecular framework. The thermal stability of model naphthalenethiol SAM, emphasized by desorption energy of ≈1.69 eV, is better than that of typical N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers considered currently as the most stable SAMs on metal substrates. However, in contrast to NHC SAMs, which are highly insulating, the naphtalene‐based SAM, with S, Se or COO anchoring groups, are highly conductive, even in comparison with analogous oligophenyl SAMs (by a factor of 10). A unique combination of the ultimate thermal stability and superior conductivity for the naphthalenethiol SAM on Ag makes it highly attractive for applications.
Pediatric emergency department shift experiences and moods: An exploratory sequential mixed‐methods study
Authors: Assaf Raymen R. , Pham Phung K. , Schmidt Anita R. , Gorab Alexandra , Chang Todd P. , Liu Deborah R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to investigate the impact of affective, social, behavioral, and cognitive factors on pediatric emergency department (PED) provider mood changes during clinical shifts, with the introduction of a novel on‐shift measure.MethodsThe nominal group technique was used to generate the ED experience survey (EDES), encompassing factors that may influence PED provider mood. Providers were alerted via experience sampling method to complete the EDES and positive and negative affect schedule at randomly generated times. Analyses were conducted using multilevel modeling of moods within shifts within persons.ResultsMeasures were completed 221 times during 137 shifts by 52 PED providers. Positive mood tended to increase with higher self‐rated capacity to deal with challenging patient situations (p < 0.001). Having to repeat patient assessments was negatively associated with positive mood during the beginning, but not rest of shift (p = 0.01). Changes in positive mood varied across provider groups (p < 0.001). Negative mood tended to decrease with higher self‐rated quality of interactions with patients/families (p < 0.001). Needing a restroom break during any time on duty was associated with negative mood (p < 0.001). Furthermore, negative mood was associated with the need to process emotions during the shift beginning (p = 0.01). Finally, not knowing about patients’ outcomes was associated with negative mood during the shift end (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPED providers’ mood during shifts are impacted by ED‐specific factors spanning physical, social, behavioral, affective, and cognitive features. Future research may explore potential entry points for mitigation of clinician stress to support provider well‐being and ultimately improve patient care.
Bioinformatics analysis of Aux/IAA gene family in maize
Authors: Jiang Long , Li Zhongnan , Yu Xiaoming , Liu Chunbo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAux/IAA gene family is a kind of transcription factors in plants, which plays a regulatory role in the process of auxin regulating plant growth. In this study, the structural characteristics and gene expression patterns of Aux/IAA transcription factors in maize (Zea mays L.) were analyzed by bioinformatics method, and 32 Aux/IAA genes from Arabidopsis and 40 Aux/IAA genes from maize were screened for phylogenetic evolution. It was inferred that the gene family was an ancient and huge gene family by evolutionary tree. The numbers of Aux/IAA genes distributed on chromosome 3 and 6 are the largest. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that the gene family mainly played a role in the nucleus. Thermogram analysis showed that a small number of genes were highly expressed in specific tissues. In addition, GRMZM2G115357 was highly expressed under the condition of high osmotic pressure, which might play a role in the process of resistance to high osmotic stress in maize. The results of this study promote the understanding of Aux/IAA family genes and lay a foundation for the functional study of Aux/IAA family genes at the molecular level.
Three‐dimensional surface scanning methods in osteology: A topographical and geometric morphometric comparison
Authors: Waltenberger Lukas , Rebay‐Salisbury Katharina , Mitteroecker Philipp 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThree‐dimensional (3D) data collected by structured light scanners, photogrammetry, and computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly combined in joint analyses, even though the scanning techniques and reconstruction software differ considerably. The aim of the present study was to compare the quality and accuracy of surface models and landmark data obtained from modern clinical CT scanning, 3D structured light scanner, photogrammetry, and MicroScribe digitizer.Material and methodsWe tested 13 different photogrammetric software tools and compared surface models obtained by different methods for four articulated human pelves in a topographical analysis. We also measured a set of 219 landmarks and semilandmarks twice on every surface as well as directly on the dry bones with a MicroScribe digitizer.ResultsOnly one photogrammetric software package yielded surface models of the complete pelves that could be used for further analysis. Despite the complex pelvic anatomy, all three methods (CT scanning, 3D structured light scanning, photogrammetry) yielded similar surface representations with average deviations among the surface models between 100 and 200 μm. A geometric morphometric analysis of the measured landmarks showed that the different scanning methods yielded similar shape variables, but data acquisition via MicroScribe digitizer was most prone to error.DiscussionWe demonstrated that three‐dimensional models obtained by different methods can be combined in a single analysis. Photogrammetry proved to be a cheap, quick, and accurate method to generate 3D surface models at useful resolutions, but photogrammetry software packages differ enormously in quality.
Housing‐related delayed discharge from inpatient mental health units: Magnitude and contributors in a metropolitan mental health service
Authors: Nguyen Jenny , Honey Anne , Arblaster Karen , Heard Rob 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInternational research indicates that delayed discharges from inpatient mental health units are common and most occur because patients lack suitable housing. However, little is known about this issue in an Australian setting. This mixed‐methods study aimed to investigate the extent, cost and contributors to housing‐related delayed discharge (HRDD) from inpatient mental health units in one Local Health District in New South Wales, Australia. A medical records review was conducted to quantify housing‐related delay and housing difficulties noted. Perceptions of discharge staff about the factors contributing to the delays were gathered through in‐depth interviews and analysed using constant comparative analysis. Findings indicated that HRDD for working aged adults accounted for 11.6% of total mental health bed days in 2018, costing the health system $4,054,149. When extrapolated nationally HRDD could cost Australia $269.5 million per year. While individual characteristics and contexts were thought to make some patients more vulnerable, data indicated that the major contributors were lack of housing options, lack of services, difficulty with funding and lack of clear pathways to achieve housing. The findings highlight the urgent need for additional housing for people with mental health issues and a whole of government approach to addressing the substantial issue of housing‐related delayed discharge.
Axon‐Myelin Unit Blistering as Early Event in MS Normal Appearing White Matter
Authors: Luchicchi Antonio , Hart Bert't , Frigerio Irene , van Dam Anne‐Marie , Perna Laura , Offerhaus Herman L. , Stys Peter K. , Schenk Geert J. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. Although the prevalent view regards a CD4+‐lymphocyte autoimmune reaction against myelin at the root of the disease, recent studies propose autoimmunity as a secondary reaction to idiopathic brain damage. To gain knowledge about this possibility we investigated the presence of axonal and myelinic morphological alterations, which could implicate imbalance of axon‐myelin units as primary event in MS pathogenesis.MethodsUsing high resolution imaging histological brain specimens from patients with MS and non‐neurological/non‐MS controls, we explored molecular changes underpinning imbalanced interaction between axon and myelin in normal appearing white matter (NAWM), a region characterized by normal myelination and absent inflammatory activity.ResultsIn MS brains, we detected blister‐like swellings formed by myelin detachment from axons, which were substantially less frequently retrieved in non‐neurological/non‐MS controls. Swellings in MS NAWM presented altered glutamate receptor expression, myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) distribution, and lipid biochemical composition of myelin sheaths. Changes in tethering protein expression, widening of nodes of Ranvier and altered distribution of sodium channels in nodal regions of otherwise normally myelinated axons were also present in MS NAWM. Finally, we demonstrate a significant increase, compared with controls, in citrullinated proteins in myelin of MS cases, pointing toward biochemical modifications that may amplify the immunogenicity of MS myelin.InterpretationCollectively, the impaired interaction of myelin and axons potentially leads to myelin disintegration. Conceptually, the ensuing release of (post‐translationally modified) myelin antigens may elicit a subsequent immune attack in MS. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:711–725
Tuber Locations Associated with Infantile Spasms Map to a Common Brain Network
Authors: Cohen Alexander L. , Mulder Brechtje P. F. , Prohl Anna K. , Soussand Louis , Davis Peter , Kroeck Mallory R. , McManus Peter , Gholipour Ali , Scherrer Benoit , Bebin E. Martina , Wu Joyce Y. , Northrup Hope , Krueger Darcy A. , Sahin Mustafa , Warfield Simon K. , Fox Michael D. , Peters Jurriaan M. ,   for the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Autism Center of Excellence Network Study Group
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveApproximately 50% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex develop infantile spasms, a sudden onset epilepsy syndrome associated with poor neurological outcomes. An increased burden of tubers confers an elevated risk of infantile spasms, but it remains unknown whether some tuber locations confer higher risk than others. Here, we test whether tuber location and connectivity are associated with infantile spasms.MethodsWe segmented tubers from 123 children with (n = 74) and without (n = 49) infantile spasms from a prospective observational cohort. We used voxelwise lesion symptom mapping to test for an association between spasms and tuber location. We then used lesion network mapping to test for an association between spasms and connectivity with tuber locations. Finally, we tested the discriminability of identified associations with logistic regression and cross‐validation as well as statistical mediation.ResultsTuber locations associated with infantile spasms were heterogenous, and no single location was significantly associated with spasms. However, >95% of tuber locations associated with spasms were functionally connected to the globi pallidi and cerebellar vermis. These connections were specific compared to tubers in patients without spasms. Logistic regression found that globus pallidus connectivity was a stronger predictor of spasms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–3.50, p = 0.02) than tuber burden (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.90–3.04, p = 0.11), with a mean receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.73 (±0.1) during repeated cross‐validation.InterpretationConnectivity between tuber locations and the bilateral globi pallidi is associated with infantile spasms. Our findings lend insight into spasm pathophysiology and may identify patients at risk. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:726–739
High‐density polyethylene reinforced by low loadings of electrochemically exfoliated graphene via melt recirculation approach
Authors: Bansala Taruna , Verma Pawan , Vashisth Aniruddh , Hope Joshua T. , Yakovlev Sergey , Uppili Sundararajan , Green Micah J. , Hule Rohan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of high‐aspect ratio electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) as a filler in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE); we use an industrially viable polymer processing technique (melt blending with melt recirculation) to ensure excellent dispersion and reinforcement at low loadings. The effects of nanofiller loading were evaluated for two different HDPE grades with two different melt flow indices (MFI) based on crystallization, tensile, and rheological properties. The findings indicate improvements in mechanical properties (tensile modulus and tensile strength) for all HDPE/EEG nanocomposite samples; however, the reinforcement was more pronounced at 0.2 wt% loading, indicating a transition from excellent dispersion at lower loadings to aggregated at higher loadings. The low and high MFI HDPE/EEG nanocomposites at 0.2 wt% EEG loading displayed an improvement of 31% and 40% in tensile modulus and 19% and 33% in tensile strength, respectively. The improved mechanical response with higher MFI nanocomposites is likely due to enhanced dispersion associated with the lower melt viscosity. Similarly, the rheological results also showed maximum increase in storage and loss modulus at a loading of 0.2 wt% EEG. In conclusion, EEG can be an effective filler if proper dispersion is achieved, which is challenging at high loadings.
Multiscale simulation on dynamic friction behavior of cylinder sealing rings under hydrothermal aging
Authors: Luo Hang , Wu Jian , Teng Fei , Su Benlong , Li Haohao , Lin Ange , Li Zhe , Wang Youshan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe friction behavior of cylinder seal greatly affects the dynamic position accuracy of the cylinder execution terminal under hydrothermal aging. So, the hydrothermal aging test, friction test, tensile and compression test, topography analysis and infrared spectroscopy analysis, and multiscale simulation were carried out for studying the effect of the hydrothermal aging on the friction performance of cylinder seal. It was found that when the aging temperature increases from 40 to 80°C, the dynamic friction forces of the cylinder seals increase by more than 15%; the friction force increases with the increasement of the initial mechanical stress. Aging makes rubber to be brittle and more cavities on the fracture surface and reduces the fractured activation energy of the nitrile rubber molecular chain.