bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Origin of 4 Coronary Ostia From the Right Sinus of Valsalva in a Patient With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Beach Lynn , Burke Allen , Chute Dennis , Virmani Renu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Anomalous origin of 4 separate coronary ostia from a single coronary sinus has rarely been reported. We report what is to our knowledge a previously undescribed variation characterized by the left anterior descending, left ramus, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries originating from separate ostia in the right sinus of Valsalva. In addition, the autopsy disclosed features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, rarely associated with congenital coronary anomalies.
Benign Myoepithelioma of the Lung
Authors: Veeramachaneni Ravindra , Gulick Janis , Halldorsson Ari O. , Van Thanh T. , Zhang Ping L. , Herrera Guillermo A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This report describes a benign myoepithelioma of the lung that occurred in a 60-year-old woman. The patient had experienced hoarseness for 6 weeks, and a computed tomographic scan showed a nodule of approximately 2 cm in diameter at the peripheral portion of her right upper lung. Positron emission tomography showed no uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose in the nodule. Wedge biopsy of the lesion showed benign spindle cells arranged in a whorled pattern. The cells were positive for both cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin, which corresponded to the presence of tonofilaments and myofilaments that were identified ultrastructurally. The features of the present case of benign myoepithelioma that differ from features of previously reported benign and malignant cases of myoepithelioma in the lung are discussed in the report.
Collagenous Gastritis Associated With Lymphocytic Gastritis and Celiac Disease
Authors: Stancu Mirela , De Petris Giovanni , Palumbo Theodore P. , Lev Robert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Collagenous gastritis is a rare disorder, with only 8 cases reported in the literature, 2 in children and 6 in adults. We report an additional case of collagenous gastritis in a 42-year-old man with celiac disease. A thickened (&gt;10 μm) subepithelial collagen band with entrapped capillaries, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells was seen in the stomach, associated with lymphocytic gastritis. The duodenal mucosa showed severe villous atrophy but no subepithelial collagen deposition. No evidence of lymphocytic or collagenous colitis was found in the colon. The patient became symptom-free on a gluten exclusion diet and showed partial improvement of histopathologic findings after 3 months. Collagenous gastritis is a rare disease, but a wider recognition of its histopathologic features and clinical associations may bring more cases to light and provide additional clues in determining its etiology and pathogenesis.
Primary Gastric Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Zhi , Mira Jose L. , Cruz-Caudillo Jose C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Choriocarcinoma is a rapidly invasive, widely metastatic human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)–producing neoplasm, usually intrauterine and gestational. Primary gastric choriocarcinoma is very rare, and its pathogenesis is still uncertain. We report a case of primary gastric choriocarcinoma associated with adenocarcinoma in a 36-year-old woman. The patient presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and a gastric mass clinically suspicious of gastric adenocarcinoma. Histopathologic evaluation proved the tumor to be a choriocarcinoma, with a minor component of a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with a standard nongestational choriocarcinoma chemotherapy regimen. An impressive initial response was evidenced by clinical reduction of the tumor volume and drop of the serum β-HCG levels after the first cycle. However, the tumor rapidly recurred in the abdomen and disseminated to the lungs, which were documented by new elevation of serum β-HCG levels and computed tomographic scans despite continuing with 3 more cycles of chemotherapy. The patient died 6 months after diagnosis.
Routine Outpatient Laboratory Test Turnaround Times and Practice Patterns
Authors: Steindel Steven J. , Jones Bruce A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives.—To determine baseline parameters for routine outpatient test turnaround time (TAT), to identify influential factors, and to study the impact of managed care on this testing.
Method.—Using forms supplied by the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program, laboratories conducted a self-directed study of routine outpatient TATs over a 4-week period. Data requested included various times of day associated with the collection, laboratory receipt, and result verification of specimens, as well as details on the drawing location and ordering and delivery methods for up to 3 tests, namely, a complete blood cell count (CBC), biochemical profile, or thyrotropin test. For the CBC, an indication was requested if a manual differential was performed. Additionally, practice-related questions were asked, including several about whether the laboratory was associated with a managed care organization (MCO). The main outcome measures included the components of the TAT process and related factors.
Participants.—Six hundred nineteen laboratories from those enrolled in the 1997 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program.
Results.—Data were submitted by 614 participants, most US hospitals, and represented 30 240 CBCs, 25 683 biochemical profiles, and 14 801 thyrotropins. Collection to verification TATs increased for specimens received later in the day for all analytes, but the magnitude of the increase was greatest for thyrotropin. Collection to laboratory receipt TAT was similar for all analytes, but the time and distribution increased with time of day. Testing time (receipt to verification) was similar for the CBC and biochemical profile, but was greatly increased for thyrotropin. Most participants tested the CBC and the biochemical profile as they arrived, but many delayed testing for thyrotropin. Most (70%) outpatient specimens were collected within the institution; only about 10% came from local physicians' offices. A median 46.7% of hospital testing involved outpatients. Only 10% of laboratories operated under an MCO; these laboratories reported a median of 45% of specimens coming from their MCO. Being associated with an MCO increased TAT for the CBC and biochemical profile.
Conclusions.—Outpatient testing comprises about half of all hospital testing, yet systems are not optimized. Preanalytic TAT increases during the day, which indicates increasing delays in the collection and transport stages. Imposition of a test schedule on thyrotropin results in a delay pattern that is very different from the CBC and biochemical profile, which are tested on arrival. A laboratory's association with an MCO had a weak impact on TAT.
Use of FTA Gene Guard Filter Paper for the Storage and Transportation of Tumor Cells for Molecular Testing
Authors: Dobbs Larry J. , Madigan Merle N. , Carter Alexis B. , Earls Lori 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context.—Efficient methods of storing tumor specimens for molecular testing are needed in the modern surgical pathology laboratory. The FTA Gene Guard system is a novel method for the collection and room temperature storage of blood samples for DNA testing. The method uses index card–sized filter papers that provide an ideal medium on which to store tumor specimens for DNA testing.
Objective.—To determine whether FTA filter paper can be used in the surgical pathology laboratory to store tumor cells for DNA testing.
Design.—Cell suspensions were prepared from 60 surgical specimens, and DNA was extracted either immediately or after storage on FTA paper. The DNA extracted by each method was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the β-globin and interferon gamma genes, and the results were compared. Fifteen lymph node specimens stored on FTA paper were then tested for immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement by PCR, and these results were compared with those obtained for immediately extracted DNA.
Setting.—University medical center.
Results.—The DNA extracted from cells stored on FTA paper performed as well in the PCR as the freshly extracted DNA in nearly all cases (&gt;95%). The results of tests for IgH gene rearrangements showed 100% concordance between the 2 methods of DNA extraction.
Conclusion.—Cells from surgical specimens can be stored on FTA paper for extended lengths of time, and DNA can be extracted from these cells for PCR-based testing. FTA filter paper is a reliable medium for the storage and/or transport of tumor cells for PCR-based DNA analysis.
Mycobacterium mucogenicum Isolated From a Patient With Granulomatous Hepatitis
Authors: Goldblatt Mark R. , Ribes Julie A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mycobacterium mucogenicum is a recently characterized, rapid-growing mycobacteria rarely seen in human infections. We describe the case of a 51-year-old man with rapidly progressive granulomatous hepatitis caused by M mucogenicum. Although premortem evaluation failed to identify an etiologic agent, autopsy liver cultures produced smooth, rapid-growing mycobacterial colonies. Biochemical, growth, and cell wall fatty acid characteristics were consistent with the identification of M mucogenicum.
The Laboratory Diagnosis of Platelet Disorders
Authors: Kottke-Marchant Kandice , Corcoran George 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To provide both a detailed description of the laboratory tests available in the diagnosis of platelet disorders and a testing algorithm, based on platelet count, that can be used to direct the evaluation of platelet disorders.
Data Sources.—A literature search was conducted using the National Library of Medicine database.
Study Selection.—The literature on laboratory testing of platelet function was reviewed.
Data Extraction and Data Synthesis.—Based on the literature review, an algorithm for platelet testing was developed.
Conclusions.—A history of mucocutaneous bleeding often indicates abnormal platelet function that can be associated with a normal, increased, or decreased platelet count. Multiple laboratory procedures can now be used to determine the underlying pathologic condition of platelet dysfunction when other deficiencies or defects of the coagulation cascade or fibrinolysis are ruled out. Simple procedures, such as platelet count, peripheral blood smear, and a platelet function screening test, will often lead the investigator to more specific analyses. Although platelet function testing is often limited to larger medical centers with highly trained technologists, newer technologies are being developed to simplify current procedures and make platelet function testing more accessible. This review provides an algorithm for platelet testing that may be of benefit to pathologists and physicians who deal with hemostatic disorders.
Do Proficiency Testing Participants Learn From Their Mistakes?
Authors: Novak Robert W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContext.—Participation in proficiency testing is required under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988. Although the primary purpose of this testing is evaluation of current laboratory performance, a major secondary benefit of such testing is postulated to be progressive improvement in laboratory performance over time as laboratories learn from their previous experiences and feedback.Objective.—To test the hypothesis that a secondary result of proficiency testing is improvement over time of laboratory performance.Design.—The performance of participants in a large proficiency testing program (EXCEL), designed for clinic and office laboratories, on a specific problematic competence, the ability to differentiate group A streptococcus from group C streptococci, was monitored during a 6-year period (1996–2001) for changes in participant performance.Interventions.—With each testing cycle, feedback on performance relative to peers and an educational discussion analyzing performance and suggesting best practices was submitted to participants.Results.—Despite consistent feedback, there was no significant change in participant performance throughout the period studied.Conclusions.—In a large, stable proficiency testing program, a significant throat culture competence, which demonstrated less than optimal performance, did not improve over time, suggesting that current utilization of proficiency testing results in laboratory improvement programs is suboptimal.
Mitochondrial DNA–Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Swerdlow Russell H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in several late-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Determining its origin and significance may provide insight into the pathogeneses of these disorders. Regarding origin, one hypothesis proposes mitochondrial dysfunction is driven by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) aberration. This hypothesis is primarily supported by data from studies of cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines, which facilitate the study of mitochondrial genotype-phenotype relationships. In cybrid cell lines in which mtDNA from persons with certain neurodegenerative diseases is assessed, mitochondrial physiology is altered in ways that are potentially relevant to programmed cell death pathways. Connecting mtDNA-related mitochondrial dysfunction with programmed cell death underscores the crucial if not central role for these organelles in neurodegenerative pathophysiology. This review discusses the cybrid technique and summarizes cybrid data implicating mtDNA-related mitochondrial dysfunction in certain neurodegenerative diseases.
Human Lymphocyte Antigen Molecular Typing
Authors: Gerlach John A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing community was one of the early groups to adopt molecular testing. This action was borne out of the need to identify the many alleles of the highly polymorphic HLA system. Early paradigms used restriction fragment length polymorphism regimes, but the polymerase chain reaction method of amplification quickly replaced that less-than-discriminating choice. Methods currently in use for HLA typing, with commercial kits available, are sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (both dot blot and the reverse blot dot), sequence-specific primer amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism of amplified products, double-stranded sequence conformation polymorphism (with and without reference strand), sequence-based typing, and microarray technologies. More than 1250 alleles are recognized by the World Health Organization and meet their criteria for assignment. These alleles can be identified by molecular methods and represent alleles present at class I and class II loci of the HLA complex. On occasion, ambiguous results still persist, even with the best molecular typing methods. Therefore, it is clear to the HLA typing community that a combination of the above methods may be needed to allow true discrimination of the possible alleles an individual carries in their genetic makeup. It is also clear that a typing laboratory may need to resort to nonmolecular serology to understand the significance and impact of the type generated by the HLA molecular typing laboratory.
Genetic Polymorphisms Associated With Venous and Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Kottke-Marchant Kandice 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To provide an overview of genetic polymorphisms associated with thrombotic cardiovascular disease.
Data Sources.—A literature search using the National Library of Medicine database.
Study Selection.—The literature on genetic polymorphisms associated with venous and arterial thrombosis was reviewed.
Data Extraction.—Based on the literature review, the clinical significance of polymorphisms in various coagulation proteins was assessed and a summary was developed.
Conclusions.—Thrombosis is a multifactorial disorder, with both congenital and acquired risk factors. It is now clear that there are many genetic abnormalities that impart an increased risk for thrombophilia, and the presence of more than 1 abnormality results in a further increased risk of thrombosis. In hemostasis, there is a balance between procoagulant factors and natural anticoagulant proteins. The first genetic thrombotic disorders described were deficiencies of the natural anticoagulants, such as antithrombin, protein C, and protein S, but these abnormalities are rare and are caused by many different mutations. More recently, single polymorphisms that are relatively common in the general population have been described in procoagulant factors, such as factor V and prothrombin, which impart an increased risk for venous thrombosis. As more scrutiny is placed on the hemostatic system, further polymorphisms have come to light. The current challenge is to elucidate the relationship between these new polymorphisms and either venous or arterial thrombotic cardiovascular disease.
Trends in Genomic Analysis of the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Moldovan Leni , Moldovan Nicanor I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To evaluate the opportunities afforded cardiovascular medicine by the comprehensive and integrative approaches of genomics in cellular physiology. We present a meta-analysis of recently reported results obtained by means of high-throughput technologies (complementary DNA and oligonucleotide arrays, serial analysis of gene expression [SAGE]), as well as more traditional molecular biology approaches (real-time polymerase chain reaction, differential display, and others).
Data Sources.—Newly published articles identified on PubMed and additional data provided by authors on-line (where available).
Conclusions.—The impact of genomic analysis on cardiovascular research is already visible. New genes of cardiovascular interest have been discovered, while a number of known genes have been found to be changed in unexpected contexts. The patterns in the variation of expression of many genes correlate well with the models currently used to explain the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Much more work has yet to be done, however, for the full exploitation of the immense informative potential still dormant in the genomic technologies.
Clinical Trials in Vascular Gene Therapy
Authors: Simari Robert D. , O'Brien Timothy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—Vascular gene transfer provides unique opportunities for novel therapies for cardiovascular disease. To define the limitations and expectations of translating preclinical strategies to clinical therapy, the kinetics and extent of vascular transgene expression must be determined.
Data Sources.—Published clinical and preclinical studies of vascular gene transfer.
Data Extraction.—Kinetics and extent of vascular transgene expression.
Data Synthesis.—In spite of ongoing clinical studies in vascular gene transfer, data regarding the kinetics and extent of transgene expression are very limited.
Conclusions.—For the efficient translation of preclinical to clinical vascular gene transfer studies, the kinetics and extent of transgene expression should be determined. Novel imaging technologies and unique clinical scenarios for obtaining tissue should be considered.
Assessment of Epstein-Barr Virus Association With Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Immunocompetent and in Immunocompromised Patients in Argentina
Authors: Chabay Paola A. , De Matteo Elena N. , Aversa Luis , Maglio Silvana , Grinstein Saúl , Preciado María Victoria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context.—Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been classically associated with 3 malignancies, Burkitt lymphoma, B-cell lymphoproliferative syndromes, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and more recently with Hodgkin disease, T-cell lymphomas, and gastric and breast carcinomas, as well as with leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma associated with immunosuppression.
Objective.—To compare EBV expression in Argentine tumor samples with those reported elsewhere, we analyzed EBV expression in an Argentine pediatric population with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and correlated these results with clinical course and outcome.
Methods.—We studied EBV presence by latent membrane protein-1 protein labeling by immunohistochemistry, by in situ hybridization, and by polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr–encoded RNAs (EBERs) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded non-Hodgkin lymphoma tissue samples (collected retrospectively) from 32 pediatric patients at Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital from 1993 to 2000.
Results.—Eight out of the 32 (25%) non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases showed latent membrane protein-1 and EBERs by in situ hybridization positive staining in tumor cells. Among EBERs and latent membrane protein-1–positive cases, there were 5 immunocompromised patients, with either human immunodeficiency virus infection or primary immunodeficiency. The EBERs in situ hybridization results were confirmed by EBERs polymerase chain reaction in good-quality DNA from 11 samples, with 3 proving positive and 8 negative.
Conclusions.—The association of EBV with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Argentine pediatric population was low (25%), and this figure rose to 100% when only the immunocompromised patients subgroup was considered, confirming that the virus is probably a cofactor in the lymphomagenesis of some but not all pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. So far, no differences in clinical outcome are discernible between EBV-positive and EBV-negative non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients.
Cosleeping and Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy
Authors: Person Tiffany L. A. , Lavezzi Wendy A. , Wolf Barbara C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContext.—The practice of infants cosleeping with adults has long been the subject of controversy. Autopsy findings in cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are usually indistinguishable from those found with unintentional or intentional suffocation, and the determination of the cause of death in cases of sudden unexpected death in infancy is often based on investigative findings and the exclusion of natural or traumatic causes.Objective.—To further elucidate the risk of cosleeping.Methods.—We reviewed 58 cases of sudden unexpected infant deaths. Cases were excluded if there was any significant medical history or evidence of trauma or abuse.Results.—Twenty-seven of the infants were cosleeping. Eleven of these cases had been previously diagnosed as SIDS, and in 7 cases parental intoxication was documented.Conclusion.—Our findings support recent studies that suggest that cosleeping or placing an infant in an adult bed is a potentially dangerous practice. The frequency of cosleeping among cases diagnosed as SIDS in our study suggests that some of these deaths may actually be caused by mechanical asphyxia due to unintentional suffocation by the cosleeping adult and/or compressible bedding materials.