bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of renal ganglioside GM3 distribution in rat models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bozic Josko , Novak Anela , Kurir Tina Ticinovic , Rezic‐Muzinic Nikolina , Cikes‐Culic Vedrana , Puljak Livia , Ferhatovic Lejla , Markotic Anita , Valic Zoran 
Published: June 2021

Ganglioside GM3 is particularly abundant in the kidney tissue and is thought to play an important role in the maintenance of the charge‐selective filtration barrier of glomeruli. Considering the role of GM3 ganglioside in kidney function, the aim of this study was immunohistochemical analysis of renal GM3 distribution in rat models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg for T1DM, n=5; and 35 mg/kg for T2DM, n=5) injection to male Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing between 140 and 160 g which were fed with normal pellet diet (T1DM) or high‐fat diet (T2DM). Rats were sacrified two weeks after diabetes induction, frozen renal sections were stained with primary GM3 antibody and visualized by secondary antibody coupled with Texas‐Red. Immunofluorescent microscopy detected 1.7 fold higher GM3 expression in tubules and 1.25 fold higher GM3 in glomeruli of T1DM compared to control group. T2DM rats showed unchanged GM3 in glomeruli, but significant higher GM3 expression in tubules, compared to control animals. Given the known role of GM3 ganglioside in kidney function and our finding of increased tubular GM3 content in both types of diabetes, we could hypothesize the role of GM3 in early pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.This study was supported by Croatian Science Foundation.
Oryeongsan improves diabetes‐associated renal proliferation and fibrosis in cultured rat mesangial cells
Authors: Yoon Jung Joo , Lee Yun Jung , Lee So Min , Lee Yong Pyo , Kim Dae Hwan , Lee Bin , Kang Dae Gill , Lee Ho Sub 
Published: June 2021

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) associated with morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Mesangial cell proliferation is known as the major pathologic features such as glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis. Oryeongsan (ORS), traditional herbal formula, is widely used for the treatment of nephrosis, dropsy, and uremia.Thymidine incorporation under HG was significantly accelerated, which was inhibited by ORS in a dose dependent manner. Pretreatment of ORS induced down‐regulation of cyclins/CDKs and up‐regulation of CDK inhibitor, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 expression. In addition, ORS reduced HG‐induced RMCs proliferation by suppression of the MAPK phospholyration such as ERK, JNK, and p38. ORS significantly suppressed the HG‐induced ROS production.HG enhanced expression of □brosis biomarkers such as collagen IV and CTGF, which was markedly attenuated by ORS. Moreover, ORS inhibits HG‐induced fibronectin mRNA expression. ORS decreased TGF‐â1 and p‐Smad2/Smad4 expression, whereas increased Smad7 expression under HG. Thus, ORS promoted ECM degradation through disturbing TGF‐â– SMAD signaling.Taken together, these results demonstrate that ORS has a protective effect on renal proliferation and fibrosis. These results suggest that ORS might prove to be effective in the treatment of renal dysfunction leading to DN.
Exercise‐induced increase in beta‐cell function in type 2 diabetics is dependent on fasting glycemia
Authors: Knudsen Sine Haugaard , Karstoft Kristian , Winding Kamilla , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Solomon Thomas Phillip James 
Published: June 2021

To determine the effect of exercise on beta‐cell function nine type 2 diabetics (T2D; age 62±2 y, BMI 30.3±2.0 kg/m2) with high fasting glucose (HiFG; 10.8±0.8 mmol/l, n=4) and low fasting glucose (LoFG; 6.8±0.6 mmol/l, n=5) were studied. Before and the morning following a 1‐hour treadmill walk (65% HRmax), a hyperglycemic (5.4 mM+basal) clamp was performed combined with infusion of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and a bolus injection of arginine. Arterialised blood glucose was measured every 5 min for adjustments of the glucose infusion rates (GIR; mg/kg/min). Insulin secretion rates (ISR; pmol/min) in response to glucose, GLP‐1 and arginine were deconvoluted from C‐peptide concentrations in acute (0–4 min) and steady state (last 30 min) phase.Exercise did not alter fasting glucose in HiFG or LoFG and the GIR required to maintain hyperglycemia did not differ between trials. Acute ISRarginine was higher (P<0.05) in LoFG compared to HiFG and further increased by exercise (P=0.06). After exercise ISR in response to glucose, GLP‐1 and arginine was higher (all P<0.05) in LoFG compared to HiFG.In T2D with LoFG, insulin secretory capacity and the exercise‐induced increase in ISR was higher. This suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on beta‐cell function may be dependent on fasting glycemia.EFSD/Amylin Paul Langerhans program grant, The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2).
Sex differences in VLDL‐triglyceride kinetics in the basal state and in response to high‐intensity interval exercise
Authors: Tuazon Marc A. , Liou Jesse , Henderson Gregory C. 
Published: June 2021

Plasma triglycerides (TG) circulate in the fasted state as very‐low density lipoprotein‐TG (VLDL‐TG) and increase cardiovascular disease risk. Chronic exercise lowers plasma TG but the hypotriglyceridemic effect may be due to acute impacts of single exercise bouts. Thus, our aim was to study the impact of one session of high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on VLDL‐TG secretion. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to time‐matched sedentary control (con), continuous exercise (CE), or HIIE groups matched for pre‐exercise blood [TG]. HIIE was a 30min session of 20 running intervals (30m/min after 3 intervals of increasing speed) of 30s each interspersed by 60s walking periods (5m/min). CE was a distance and duration matched continuous run at 13.7m/min. VLDL‐TG secretion rates were measured on the day of exercise and the day following exercise (D2) in separate sets of mice after injection with an inhibitor of circulating TG degradation. In the basal state (con), females had 17% higher secretion vs. males (p<0.01). In females on D2, secretion was 17% lower in HIIE vs. con (p<0.05) with no difference between CE and con. In contrast, there was no effect of exercise in males. Our results show sex differences in VLDL‐TG kinetics in the basal state as well as in response to exercise and that HIIE is an attractive exercise modality for altering VLDL‐TG kinetics in females.Funded by the Faculty Research Grant Program, Rutgers University
Relationship between oxygen pulse and echocardiography in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: McCue Meghan Cameron , Olson Thomas P , Johnson Bruce D , Snyder Eric M , Borlaug Barry A 
Published: June 2021

PurposeOxygen pulse (O2 pulse) is often used clinically as a surrogate for stroke volume during cardiopulmonary exercise testing; however, little data exists on the validity of this measure in patient populations (e.g. heart failure with preserved ejection fraction – HFpEF). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between O2 pulse and stroke volume (SV) measured using an accepted technique, echocardiography, at rest and during exercise.MethodsEighteen HFpEF (EF=62±1%) patients and 26 healthy controls (CTL) completed an exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Average measures of oxygen consumption (VO2, metabolic cart), heart rate (HR, 12‐lead ECG), and SV (transthoracic echocardiography) were taken at rest and peak exercise. O2 pulse was calculated as VO2 divided by HR.ResultsO2 pulse was significantly correlated with SV at rest and at peak exercise in CTL (r=0.60 and r=0.55, p<0.05 for both respectfully). O2 pulse was similarly significantly correlated with SV at rest in HFpEF (r=0.58, p<0.05) whereas this relationship demonstrated a trend at peak exercise (r=0.44, p=0.06).ConclusionOur results demonstrate a moderate relationship between O2 pulse and SV measured using echocardiography in healthy control participants at rest and during exercise. There is a similar relationship at rest in patients with HFpEF; however, this relationship is less strong during exercise.
Energy cost of scuba underwater breathing apparatus on ventilation
Authors: Duvallet Alain , Duvallet Emilie , Lhuissier François , Beaudry Michele 
Published: June 2021

Intervention in the subaquatic environment was made possible by the self‐contained breathing apparatus (scuba), which allows breathing in aquatic environment. However, this apparatus imposes to the respiratory function new constraints and a mechanical work. To study the energy cost imposed by the breathing on SCUBA we measured the oxygen consumption at rest with or without regulator in 3 populations, junior scuba‐diver (n=22), adult scuba‐diver (n=10) and non‐scuba‐diving adults (n=10).The oxygen consumption increases from 241.3 to 414.8 ml O2/min or from 4.8kJ to 8.3kJ (delta=3.65 kJ). The variation observed between with or without the regulator is significantly different (paired t test, p= 0.0246). The oxygen consumption is significantly increased for the 3 populations studied.It is accompanied by an increase of the VCO2, of the Vt and of the ventilation (6.89 l/min versus 9.2 l/min, delta = 2.31 l/min, p<0.0001). As well, we show a decrease of the respiratory rate.The mechanical constraints due to SCUBA lead to a significant increase of the respiratory work with modification of the ventilator parameters. These variations are identical for the children (from 7 to 13 years) and for adults, in divers and in non‐divers.
MCF‐7 breast cancer cell internal pH regulation
Authors: Papineau Alyssa , Runge Steven , Washington Tyrone , Naylor Kari , Horton Leah 
Published: June 2021

Tumors create an extracellular pH (pHe) barrier and form an isolated microenvironment roughly 0.5 pH units lower than physiological pH, while the intracellular pH (pHi) is maintained within 0.2 pH units of physiological levels. Reduced tumor pHi is associated with apoptosis, and lowered arterial and tissue pH are seen with heavy exercise.PURPOSETo determine the pHi response of MCF‐7 cells subjected to acidic environments. MCF‐7 cells loaded with BCECF, a pH indicator, were used to create a standard curve of fluorescent ratios at six pH levels. MCF‐7 cells were then subjected to pHe levels of 6.75 and 6.25 at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, and 1,440 minutes of pHe exposure. Data were referenced to MCF‐7 cells at a physiological pHe of 7.25. A treatment effect was seen at pHe 6.25 (p = 0.0002). Compared to the control, cells subjected to pHe 6.25 for 15, 30, 45, and 1,440 minutes had lower pHi levels (p = 0.0464, p = 0.0002, p = 0.0257, and p = 0.0054, respectively). An interaction of pHe and time (p = 0.0483) on pHi was observed. The pHi values were lower at pHe 6.25 than at pHe 6.75 after 30, 180, and 1,440 minutes of exposure (p = 0.0193, p = 0.0200, and p < 0.0001, respectively). In conclusion, MCF‐7 cells subjected to a pHe of 6.75 maintained their pHi, but a different recovery response was seen at pHe 6.25. A decreased tolerance of lower pH levels may provide a mechanism by which heavy exercise would prove beneficial for breast cancer patients.
Ultrastructure of the sciatic nerve in diabetic rats.
Authors: Vasconcelos Carlos Augusto Carvalho , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Filho José Luiz Lima , Brayner Fábio , Alves Luiz Carlos , Nessler Randy Alan , Valença Marcelo Moraes 
Published: June 2021

Animal models of diabetes have been widely used in experimental studies because they offer promise of new insights into human diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ)–treated rats are an animal model of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus commonly used to study peripheral nervous system alterations even though the changes do not fully match the alterations observed in clinical conditions. Nevertheless, animal studies can be informative as to the changes that develop in the early stages of human diabetes. Male Wistar rats (n = 12) at 42 days of age were used. Induced diabetic animals (n=6) were fasted for 12 hours prior to being injected intraperitoneally with STZ (60mg/kg) in a single dose. Control animals (n=6) received vehicle. Ten weeks after STZ injection the animals were perfused intracardially with Karnovsky solution. Right and left sciatic nerves were dissected and processed for epoxy resin embedding. Samples were imaged with a transmission electron microscope. Large myelinated fibers with morphological signs of axonal atrophy in the sciatic nerves were readily observed. We also showed smaller myelinated fibers with sighs of demyelination. These results suggest that chronic STZ‐induced diabetes in rats caused alterations in the myelinated fibers as well as in the Schwann cells, compatible to the classic diabetes signs and symptoms reported in humans.Support: PNPD/CAPES; FAPESP; CNPq
The effect of Vitamin C on amodiaquine‐induced oxidative stress in the ovary of Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Gbotolorun Stella C , Osinubi Abraham A , Oremosu Ademola A , Noronha Cressie C , Akpantah Amabe o , Coker Herbert AB , Silva Boladale O 
Published: June 2021

AQ‐induced oxidative stress leads to increased atresia which in turn leads to reduced follicle numbers, and reduced oocyte numbers at ovulation. This research study the effect of the co‐administration of amodiaquine hydrochloride (AQ.HCl) with Vitamin C on oestrous cycle, ovulation, oxidative stress markers and the histomorphology of the ovary of mature Sprague‐Dawley rats.Two study experimental groups were observed, Group 1: the effect of the co‐administration of AQ.HCl with Vitamin C on pattern and length of the oestrous cycle, histomorphology of the ovary and antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Group 2: the effect of the co‐administration of a single dose of AQ.HCl with Vitamin C administered in the evening of proestrus on ovulation and serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL).Co‐administration of AQ.HCl with Vitamin C resulted in an irregularity in cycle pattern and also increased (p < 0.05) the length of the oestrous cycle by prolonging the diestrus phase compared to the control. Histological sections showed increased number of atretic follicles compared to the control. A statistical significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in the activities of CAT and SOD. Serum levels of FSH, LH and PRL were comparable to control values however; the number of ova shed in the oviduct was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The result of this study showed that Vitamin C could not confer protection against the deleterious effect of AQ.HCl on the ovary of Sprague‐Dawley rats.
Cross‐sectional geometry of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) finger bones is correlated with habitual load bearing of individual digits during knuckle‐walking
Authors: Patel Biren A. , Wallace Ian J. 
Published: June 2021

Chimpanzee finger bones sustain large mechanical loads during knuckle‐walking on the ground. Digital flexors are not recruited to moderate these loads during weight support. Pressure data indicate that loads sustained by fingers are not evenly distributed across digits. Higher pressures are experienced by digits II and III than by digit V. Because bone tissue can adjust to its functional environment such that its morphology is “optimized” according to mechanical demand, the load variation implied by pressure data should have a predictable effect on the relative robusticity of finger bones, i.e. the bones of digits II/III should be more robust than those of digit V. Also, knuckle‐walking postures engenders larger bending moments in obliquely oriented proximal phalanges than in horizontally oriented middle phalanges, which should lead to relatively greater robusticity of proximal elements. Here, we measured the midshaft cross‐sectional geometry of phalanges from digits II‐V in 20 wild‐shot, adult chimpanzees using μCT. As predicted, we found that cortical bone area (scaled to body mass) and polar moment of area (scaled to body mass × bone length) are consistently larger in (1) phalanges from digits II and III than from digit V, and (2) proximal versus middle phalanges from the same digit. These results provide support for the idea that diaphyseal bone morphology reflects, at least to some extent, habitual behavior.Grant Funding Source: N/A
Age‐Related Difference in Postural Control During Recovery from Forward and Backward Falls
Authors: Singer Madeline Louise , Smith Lorinda K , Dibble Leland E. , Foreman K. Bo 
Published: June 2021

Decreased reactive postural responses in elderly adults may place them at increased risk for falls and related injuries (30–40% of adults over 65 fall each year). To determine age‐related differences in reactive postural responses, we utilized the tether‐release method to evaluate kinematic variables in healthy young (n=10, mean age=25.4±5.34) and healthy elderly subjects (n=10, mean age=66.8±6.29). All subjects were instrumented and data were collected in a motion analysis lab during recovery from anterior and posterior perturbations. Kinematic dependent variables included reaction time, step length, step time, peak center of mass (COM) velocity, and recovery time. Each subject's first 3 successful trials were averaged and compared between groups using separate Mann‐Whitney U Tests (p≤0.01). No differences were found between groups for recovery from anterior perturbations. However, during posterior perturbations, healthy elderly subjects exhibited shorter step length (p=.006), slower peak COM velocity (p=.01), and longer recovery time (p=.01) compared to young subjects. These results suggest that slowness of movement, coupled with prolonged recovery time, may impair the ability of elderly adults to regain stability after posterior perturbations. Further examination of kinematic and kinetic variables is important to determine specific deficiencies contributing to falls in the elderly.Grant Funding Source: University of Utah College of Health
The Effect of Exercise on the histological analysis in the Shoulder joint of the Aging rat
Authors: Murata Kenji , Kanemura Naohiko , Kokubun Takanori , Fujino Tsutomu , Takayanagi Kiyomi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTendinopathy is a common clinical problem at the shoulder joint. Aging leads to the degeneration the supraspinatus tendon, On the other hand, the exercise is vital to the tendon remodeling. In this present study, we observed the effect of periodic exercise using supraspinatus tendon of aged rat.MethodsWe studied 2‐years‐old male Wister rats were used (n=5), and they were divided into Exercise group (n=4) and Control group (n=1). Exercise group underwent an exercise protocol cosisting of an hour per daily session of treadmill running exercise at a speed of 5.8m/min, 5 days a week for a month. After the experimental periods, sections were cut at 20 μm (frontal plane), and supraspinatus tendon and enthesis were evaluated with histological analysis (Truijin‐blue staining).ResultOur results showed that the enthesis degeneration change in the control group compared with the exercise. Furthermore, in the supraspinatus tendon, fiber statue was confirmed in the exercise group, however, in the control group it was difficult to.ConclusionThese conditions may suggest that the exercise is one of the remodeling factor for shoulder degeneration, tendenopathy.
Isolation and Characterization of Enteric Nervous System Stem Cells
Authors: Hotta Ryo , Carreon‐Rodriguez Alfonso , Belkind‐Gerson Jaime , Goldstein Allan M 
Published: June 2021

PurposeEnteric nervous system (ENS) stem cells are present in embryonic and postnatal gut. Isolation of these cells would be valuable for treating a deficient or injured ENS. We aimed to study the effect of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on growth and differentiation of ENS stem cells.Materials & MethodsEmbryonic rat intestine was digested and the cells grown in medium supplemented with EGF and bFGF. Neurosphere‐like bodies developed, dispersed, and plated in a collagen matrix at clonal density. These cultures were supplemented with EGF and bFGF, with and without GDNF (10 or 50 ng/ml). Colony number and size was recorded and their capacity to form new neurospheres tested.ResultsWhile control cultures developed colonies <0.5 mm in size, colonies in GDNF‐treated cultures were larger (>;2 mm). Secondary colonies arose from 0.04–0.4% of these cells, forming new neurospheres with neuroglial morphology.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that neurosphere‐like bodies derived from rat embryonic gut are capable of self‐propagation and neuroglial differentiation, consistent with stem/progenitor cell behavior. In addition, we find that GDNF stimulates ENS stem cell proliferation to form large colonies that maintain the potential to differentiate into neural and glial phenotypes. This work was partially supported by a grant from CONACYT.
Mapping DNA replication origins in the human genome
Authors: Gerbi Susan A. , Urban John , Foulk Michael 
Published: June 2021

We will present our results using nascent strand sequencing (NS‐Seq) to map DNA replication origins in the human genome. Nascent DNA strands were isolated from MCF7 and MCF10A cells to allow comparisons between breast cancer and normal genomes. NS‐Seq employs lambda exonuclease (Lexo) to destroy parental DNA; newly replicating DNA has an RNA primer at its 5′ end, rendering it resistant to Lexo digestion. We will compare our results to those of others and discuss the methodological and computational factors leading to the large discrepancy between their data sets. Our goal is to resolve the confusion in the field on the number and identity of replication origins. The fractionated size of the nascent strand sample is important to avoid contamination from Okazaki fragments. Also, non‐replicating input DNA used as a control is important. Variables in the computational analysis will be discussed. We have analyzed whether DNA replication origins display a base composition bias, the average spacing between replication origins, how many origins map to intergenic regions as compared to within genes and association of origins with the estrogen receptor.(Supported by DOD Breast Cancer Program W81XWH‐10–1‐0463)
NPM new interacting partners and influence of NPM mutations on gene regulation
Authors: Zmiri Farah Ahlam , Fotouhi‐Ardakani Nasser , Éric Milot 
Published: June 2021

Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a multifunctional protein. NPM mutation is found in one third of all acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and in more than 60% of AML with normal karyotype. It is also a recurrent translocation partner in AML.We got interested in the NPM function as a co‐regulator of gene expression. We hypothesized that the modifications of NPM disrupt gene regulation and thereby, favour leukemia.With a combination of biochemistry and molecular biology techniques, we identified new partners of NPM involved in gene regulation. We found that NPM colocalise with different transcription regulators at specific genes. Based on our results, we propose that the effect of NPM modifications on gene regulation has a significant impact on the capacity of hematopoietic cells to receive extra‐cellular signals which favours abnormal hematopoiesis and potentially, leukemia.