bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of COVID‐19 early release of pension funds: The case of Chile
Authors: Lorca Miguel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmid the extraordinary economic effects of COVID‐19, some policymakers have turned to retirement accounts to support individuals in financial hardship. Given the haste, the long‐term impacts and their heterogeneity have scarcely been analyzed. Using Monte Carlo simulations on the Chilean Social Protection Survey linked with administrative data, this study quantifies the effects of a 10% early release of pension funds. Each withdrawn dollar brings losses of 1.59 dollars in future retirement savings, reducing monthly pension benefits by 7.26%. This policy raises income inadequacy and inequality in retirement, increasing government expenditure by 4.33% to counteract these effects for 65‐year‐old retirees. We propose four policies to mitigate these effects and address the current challenges of most defined contribution pension schemes. Increasing contributions combined with an intragenerational solidarity component shows the biggest impacts. Contribution enforcement, reducing tax evasion, and delaying retirement by at least 1 year via incentives have lower but significant effects.
Daily stress and sleep associations vary by work schedule: A between‐ and within‐person analysis in nurses
Authors: Slavish Danica C. , Dietch Jessica R. , Kane Heidi S. , Messman Brett A. , Garcia Odalis , Wiley Joshua F. , Yap Yang , Kelly Kimberly , Ruggero Camilo , Taylor Daniel J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNurses experience poor sleep and high stress due to demanding work environments. Night shift work is common among nurses and may exacerbate stress–sleep associations. We examined bidirectional associations between daily stress and sleep, and moderation by recent shift worker status and daily work schedule among nurses. Participants were 392 nurses (92% female; 78% White, mean age = 39.54, SD = 11.15) who completed 14 days of electronic sleep diaries and actigraphy. They simultaneously completed assessments of daily stress and work schedule upon awakening (day shift vs. night shift [work between 9 p.m.–6 a.m.] vs. off work). Participants were classified as recent night shift workers if they worked at least one night shift during the past 14 days (n = 101; 26%). In the entire sample, greater daily stress predicted shorter self‐reported total sleep time and lower self‐reported sleep efficiency that night. Shorter self‐reported and actigraphy total sleep time and lower self‐reported sleep efficiency predicted higher next‐day stress. Compared with recent night shift workers, day workers reported higher stress after nights with shorter total sleep time. Stress‐sleep associations mostly did not vary by nurses’ daily work schedule. Sleep disturbances and stress may unfold in a toxic cycle and are prime targets for tailored interventions among nurses. Night shift workers may be less susceptible to the effects of short sleep on next‐day stress. Research is needed to understand the short‐ and long‐term effects of shift work and address the unique sleep challenges nurses face.
Bioerosion and its relationship with skeletal density of Platygyra daedalea and Porites harrisoni in Larak Island, Persian Gulf
Authors: Mashhadi Hamed , Seyfabadi Jafar , Rezai Marnani Hamid , Ghodrati Shojaei Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the extreme environmental conditions in the Persian Gulf, the bioerosion rate in the coral reefs of the region deem to be higher than the other regions, which may disturb the balance between the processes of the reef growth and destruction. The bioerosion rate in Platygyra daedalea and Porites harrisoni in three stations of Larak Island (Hormuz Strait, 56°39′35.7″ E & 26°88′65.17″ N) was assessed in 2017. This study also examined the effect of skeletal density on the severity of bioerosion rate. For this purpose, five coral pieces of each species were collected from the stations. Each piece was cut in the direction of the longest central axis with a thickness of about 7 mm, and their photographs were taken. The bioeroded area was evaluated by ImageJ 1.44 software, and the freezing method was used to measure the skeletal density. A total of four groups of macrobioeroders were found in both coral species, including bivalves, polychaetes, sponges, and barnacles. Also, increased skeletal density was positively correlated with bioerosion in P. daedalea, but not in P. harrisoni. This indicates that some bioeroders prefer denser corals for various reasons. Evidence from this research suggests that skeletal density was the most important factor affecting the degree of bioerosion rate. However, other environmental factors such as depth may also affect the bioerosion rate to certain degrees.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Acetabular Rim Fracture after Traumatic Posterior Hip Dislocation: A Case Series Study
Authors: Zhong Mingjin , Xie Huanyu , Fu Zicai , Lu Wei , Zhu Weimin , Ouyang Kan 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and radiographic short‐term results of arthroscopic treatment for posterior labrum tears with an attached bony fragment after traumatic posterior hip dislocation.MethodsBetween July 2014 and May 2019, a consecutive series of nine patients diagnosed with a posterior labrum tear with an attached bony fragment after traumatic posterior hip dislocation were treated by hip arthroscopic techniques. The patients had been injured in traffic accidents (n = 6) or high falls (n = 3). All patients were provided primary treatment at the emergency department of our institution, and then were transferred to our department for arthroscopy. Demographic data (e.g. gender, age, etc), intraoperative findings, the preoperative and postoperative multiple clinical scores and radiological results were subsequently assessed. Visual analogue scale for pain (VAS) and modified Harris hip scores (mHHSs) were measured and compared before surgery, and at the last follow‐up.ResultsA total of nine patients were enrolled, all of them were male, with a mean age at surgery of 32.2 ± 5.6 years (range, 22–65 years). The patients were followed‐up for an average of 26.5 ± 4.1 (range, 24 to 50 years). During the arthroscopic surgery, all patients had labral tears with posterior acetabular rim fracture. All patients had loose osteochondral fragments. Five had partial or complete tears of ligamentum teres. Two patients had osteochondral damage. Two had capsular rupture. Postoperative X‐ray films and three dimension computed tomography (3D‐CT) showed satisfactory reduction of posterior acetabular wall fractures. The mHHS before surgery and at 1 year and 2 years after surgery were 51.8 ± 4.3, 81.8 ± 2.0 and 87.5 ± 1.9 respectively; VAS scores were 5.6 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.3 and 0.7 ± 0.3 respectively. As compared with the condition before surgery, there was a significant improvement in the mHHS and VAS scores at 1 year and 2 years after surgery (P < 0.01). There was no significant improvement in the mHHS and VAS scores between 1 year and 2 years after surgery (P < 0.05). At the final follow‐up, all patients had regained full range of motion (ROM) and were satisfied with the results. None of the patients showed signs of heterotopic ossification, avascular necrosis or progression of osteoarthritis of the hip joint.ConclusionTraumatic dislocation is accompanied by a variety of intra‐articular hip joint pathologies. Managing posterior acetabular rim fracture after traumatic posterior hip dislocation using arthroscopic reduction and fixation with anchors is a safe and minimally invasive option and delays the progression of traumatic osteoarthritis.
Bloodstream bacterial infections in thalassemic pediatric and adolescent patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Chaya Weerapong , Anurathapan Usanarat , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Pakakasama Samart , Apiwattanakul Nopporn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThalassemic patients usually require regular blood transfusions; however, HSCT can provide a cure. Incidence of IBI in pediatric patients post‐HSCT is still scant.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore whether thalassemic patients had a different incidence of post‐HSCT IBI compared with patients with other underlying diseases. Factors associated with IBI in the pediatric population undergoing HSCT were also investigated.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, clinical data of pediatric patients who underwent HSCT during the period from 2011 to 2016 were reviewed and analyzed. The primary outcome was incidence of IBI within 1‐year post‐HSCT.ResultsOf 123 patients, 53 were thalassemic. IBI was diagnosed in 23 patients within 1 year after HSCT (incidence: 19.5 episodes/1000 patients/month). The IBI incidence was lower in thalassemic patients than in patients with other underlying diseases (6.9 vs. 31.6 episodes/1000 patients/month). Having thalassemia as an underlying disease was the only factor associated with lower IBI in pediatric post‐HSCT patients (hazard ratio: 0.245; 95% confidence interval, 0.080–0.748). In post‐HSCT thalassemic patients, IBI mostly occurred within 100 days after HSCT, and most of these cases had catheter‐related blood stream infection. The risk of IBI tended higher for haploidentical HSCT, but this difference was not statistically significantly different.ConclusionThe IBI incidence after HSCT was lower in thalassemic patients than in those with other underlying diseases. Catheter‐related blood stream infection was the major IBI in these patients. IBI was not a major complication in thalassemic pediatric patients undergoing HSCT.
Characteristics of Biotin lipoyl attachment and 2‐oxoacid dehydrogenase acyltransferase of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus and its modulatory functions on goat PBMCs in vitro
Authors: Aimulajiang Kalibixiati , Wen Zhaohai , Naqvi Muhammad Ali‐ul‐Husnain , Liang Meng , Tian Xiaowei , Feng Kangli , Muhammad Khand Faiz , Memon Muhammad Ali , Xu Lixin , Song Xiaokai , Li Xiangrui , Yan Ruofeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiotin lipoyl attachment and 2‐oxoacid dehydrogenase acyltransferase (BLAODA), as an essential excretion of Haemonchus contortus (HcESPs), was identified to have antigenic functions. T helper‐9 (Th9) cells secrete interleukin (IL)‐9, a signature cytokine associated with tumour immunology, allergy and autoimmunity. Nonetheless, the understanding of modulatory functions of BLAODA on Th9 and other immune cells is limited. In this study, the BLAODA gene was cloned, and the recombinant (r) protein of BLAODA (rHcBLAODA) was expressed and immunoblotting was performed. The results revealed that HcBLAODA gene was successfully cloned and rHcBLAODA protein was expressed. The localization of rHcBLAODA was confirmed on the surface of gut sections from adult H. contortus. The rHcBLAODA protein capability to react precisely with anti‐H. contortus antibodies were confirmed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Further functional analysis showed that interaction of rHcBLAODA with host cells significantly enhanced Th9 cells generation, IL‐9 expression, nitric oxide production and cell apoptosis while suppressing the cells proliferation and cells migration depending on the concentration. Overall, these findings suggest that rHcBLAODA protein could modulate the host immune response by inducing Th9 cells to secrete IL‐9 cytokine in vitro.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion secondary to trauma in a dog
Authors: Cilli Nicole M. , Bellis Tara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion in a dog secondary to trauma.Case SummaryA 14‐year‐old neutered female mixed breed dog presented for evaluation of bite wounds. The dog sustained multiple puncture wounds to the cervical area, stifle, and elbow. Treatment was initiated with isotonic crystalloid fluids, analgesia, broad‐spectrum antimicrobials, and gastroprotectants. The dog developed hyponatremia with concurrent serum hypoosmolality and inappropriate urine hyperosmolality and urine sodium secretion, leading to a diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. The hyponatremia improved, and the dog improved clinically and was discharged 3 days after admission.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first case description of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion in a dog suffering from trauma. Inappropriate ADH secretion is largely under‐recognized in veterinary patients. Increased awareness of this syndrome can lead to initiation of appropriate treatment and improved outcomes.
Gout‐associated uric acid crystals induce tophi ulcerations and impair wound healing in a novel gouty ulcer model
Authors: Bao Wu , Xue Yi , Cheng Xialin , Wang Peng , Yin Bin , Su Yingjun , Jia Chiyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to establish a novel gouty ulcer rat model induced by monosodium urate (MSU) deposition and preliminarily explored how MSU crystals affected wound healing. MSU crystals were subcutaneously injected into the back of rats to simulate tophi formation and ulceration. Ultrasound was used to detect the formation of gouty tophi. MSU crystal deposition and histopathological changes were analysed by haematoxylin–eosin staining. After the skin over the tophi became broken in the model group, a full‐thickness tissue defect of the same area was made on the backs of the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls. On Days 3, 7, and 14 after wounding, the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and the expression of inflammatory markers, including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), were examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting, respectively. After the first subcutaneous injection in rats, local tissues showed redness and swelling, indicating inflammation on approximately Day 14. Tophi‐like manifestations appeared on approximately Day 18. Tophi appeared heterogeneously hyperechoic by ultrasound. Swelling and redness in injured tissue areas increased on approximately Day 22, skin tissue necrosis was seen in a small area on approximately Day 26, and skin necrosis was enlarged and the tophi were ulcerated on approximately Day 32, accompanied by yellowish‐white, chalky secretions. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed dermal deposition of needle‐like crystals with surrounding granulomatous inflammation. On Days 3, 7, and 14 after wounding, immunohistochemical staining showed the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and the expression of inflammation‐related proteins (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and NLRP3) were upregulated in gouty ulcers compared with those of PBS controls. The gouty ulcers were not completely healed by Day 14 compared with those in the PBS controls. In this study, a novel gouty ulcer rat model was constructed, which also revealed the existence of persistent chronic inflammation.
A Study on the Performance of a Novel Hybrid Triboelectric-Dielectric Elastomer Generator Based on PDMS Composites
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyue , Ounaies Zoubeida , Rosset Samuel , Anderson Iain 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) have been developed to harvest mechanical energy from various sources, such as human motion, water and wind. In particular, DEGs possess potential in wearable applications since they are light, flexible, and have high energy density. However, the requirement of an external circuit with high bias voltage that is used to polarize the dielectric elastomer limits their applications. On the other hand, triboelectric devices gained particular attention in the area of wearable electronics recently due to their good flexibility, portability and cost effectiveness. In addition, triboelectric devices can generate relatively high voltage, which could potentially polarize the dielectric elastomer in the DEG. In this study, a novel hybrid triboelectric-DEG structure is proposed to take advantage of the positive attributes of both. The triboelectric device part of the triboelectric-DEG, which is composed of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-ionic liquid (IL)-PDMS composite and a Teflon film, was fabricated and tested experimentally. The SWCNT-IL-PDMS composite is flexible and its electrical conductivity is high enough to transfer charges without an electrode, which makes the novel hybrid triboelectric-DEG a completely soft and independent energy harvester. The open-circuit voltage of the triboelectric device part reached to 114V, which is high enough to prime a DEG in a self-priming circuit configuration. Based on the experimental results of the triboelectric device part, the configuration and connection of the novel triboelectric-DEG were designed and the energy density was predicted. The resulting triboelectric-DEG can offset the shortcoming of conventional DEGs and greatly increase the feasibility of such device in wearable and mobile applications, to make polymer-based self-powered wearables a reality.
Investigation of Transformation Behaviour of Pseudoelastic NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Under Compressive Loading to Assess the Potential Use in Vibration Damping in Milling Operations
Authors: Brecher Christian , Neus Stephan , Klumpen Niclas , Dültgen Peter , Theiß Ralf , Krieg Romina , Hoffmann Fabian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Passive vibration isolation is a key element to achieve precise results in milling processes and to increase tool durability. Damping of vibrations near to the cutting edge is considered highly effective as well as hard to implement because of the limited damping properties of conventional materials in the available space. Particularly long projecting tools tend to be unstable with high vibration amplitudes due to their low material damping and high compliance. Problems may also occur in case the damping values are too low. Besides causing substandard goods, it also results in increased risk of tool fracture, which in turn increases production costs. Current approaches to solving these problems are vibration dampers or special damping tools. These systems are often complex, specially adapted and therefore cost-intensive.
NiTi based shape memory alloys (SMA) are known to be suitable damping materials for different applications, e.g. dampening of large circular saws or buildings. Their use depends on the capability to convert large amounts of mechanical energy into thermal energy based on the pseudoelastic effect. Especially the material’s pronounced transformation hysteresis results in an useable damping potential. In order to maximize the usable damping effect in machining tools, SMA-based damping elements have to be integrated into the force flow of different machine components in a preloaded compressive stress state.
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the stress-strain behavior of damping elements under the influence of various heat treatment parameters and high dynamic loading.
For this purpose, the Forschungsgemeinschaft Werkzeuge und Werkstoffe e.V. (FGW) carried out tests on various SMA specimens under approximately static compressive loads in order to determine fundamental parameters influencing the damping capacity. In particular, the influences on the transformation hysteresis were investigated.
Depending on the results, tests under high dynamic loads will be carried out by the Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) at the RWTH Aachen University in order to be able to assess subsequent use within the machine tool. Therefore, the most promising pretreatment parameters from the preliminary tests were used to manufacture the specimen.
The paper presents the methodology, experiments and results of investigations to evaluate the possible use of pseudoelastic NiTi-based shape memory alloys in vibration damping in milling operations.
AI Supported Noise Analyses for Structure Design Requirements Definition
Authors: Domazetovska Simona , Gavriloski Viktor , Jovanova Jovana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The artificial intelligence (AI) field has encountered a turning point mainly due to advancements in machine learning, which allows systems to learn, improve, and perform a specific task through data without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning can be utilized with machining processes to improve product quality levels and productivity rates and to optimize design and process parameters. The systems for acoustic event detection and classification (AED/C) of noise events is a process consisted of feature extraction of the signals, meaning processing acoustic signals and converting them into symbolic descriptions that correspond to the various sound events present in the signals and their sources. The main objective of the AED/C systems is to develop algorithms able to recognize and classify sound events that occur in the chosen environment, giving an appropriate response to users.
By utilizing the acoustic events detection and classification systems, a clear set of design requirements can be extracted based on the noise to be attenuated. A smart structure design for noise attenuation needs clear noise input for proper smart material choice, placement and active control. This paper shows a method for detection of noise events based on machine-learning algorithm that can be further used for definition of design requirements.
A New Analytical Approach for Bistable Composites
Authors: Deshpande Vishrut , Myers Oliver , Fadel Georges , Li Suyi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Structures with adaptive capabilities offer many potentials to achieve future needs in efficiency, reliability, and intelligence. To this end, bistable CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers) composites with asymmetric fiber layout are a promising concept that has shown shape morphing capabilities that adapt to the changes in the environment such as external forces and moments. This adaptability opens them to endless application potentials, ranging from small micro-switches to large airfoil sections in airplane wings or wind turbine blades. To harness this potential, it is essential to predict these composites’ physical shapes and behavior accurately. To this end, Hyer and Dano devised the first analytical model based on the concepts of Classical Lamination Theory, and this model has become the cornerstone of almost all subsequent studies. However, this theory uses Kirchoff’s theory of thin plates that are limited by several assumptions. As a result, Hyer’s theory can predict the overall shape of these laminates but lacks accuracy. A reason for this model’s underperformance is that it ignores the inter-laminar stresses and strains, but such stresses/strains play a vital role in the balance of the overall stress field and are found significantly higher near the free edges. To overcome these fundamental limitations, we propose a new analytical approach by combining the Reissner-Mindlin theory with concepts from the Classical Lamination Theory. This new model introduces in-plane rotations as two additional degrees of freedom. Thus, it has five independent variables compared to only three in Hyer and Dano’s model and its derivatives. Hence, we have a more complex but more accurate model. This paper outlines our new analytical approach by 1) introducing these two additional degrees of freedom; 2) selecting appropriate polynomial approximations; 3) formulating inter-laminar stresses that are functions of these added rotations; and 4) incorporating these inter-laminar stresses in the potential energy equation. By comparing this model’s prediction with the finite element simulation results, we found the new model slightly under predicts the laminate deformation, but the overall accuracy is promising, as evidenced by high R-squared correlation.