bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Home Hazard Removal Program to Reduce Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Stark Susy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The majority of falls experienced by older adults occur in the home with home hazards associated with an increased risk of falling. Low-income older adults, who have more disability and live in substandard housing, need feasible interventions to help them safely age in place. The Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP) is a new home hazard removal and fall risk self-management program delivered in the home by occupational therapists to prevent falls. To evaluate the program, a randomized control trial was conducted with 310 community-dwelling older adults receiving aging services in the community. HARP had high acceptability with older adults and was feasible to deliver in the community. Adjusted for fall risk, individuals in the HARP group fell 1.4 times versus 2.2 times in the control group over 12 months. This low-cost home hazard removal program demonstrated acceptability, feasibility, and a significant reduction in falls for at-risk community-dwelling older adults.
Terrie Fox Wetle Award (2021): Advancing multidisciplinary health services science: Developments in a Dementia-Focused Program of Research
Authors: Bykovskyi Andrea Gilmore 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Terrie Fox Wetle Rising Star Award in health Services and Aging Research is an award named in honor of Fox Wetle, PhD, who is internationally recognized for her contributions to aging, public health, and health care research. The award recognizes health services researchers in early or middle-career phases who have made significant contributions that embody the value of multidisciplinary health services science and are likely to have a sustained, high impact on practice and research. This aware lecture will be presented by the 2021 Award Recipient, Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi, PhD, RN, and will highlight emergent findings and foci in her dementia-focused health services research program. In particular, the award lecture will discuss progress in investigating social and behavioral communication patterns among individuals with moderate to advanced dementia; and the role of temporally situated observational measures and inclusion of persons with dementia and their caregivers in this line of research. The lecture will conclude with a discussion of next steps for this area of investigation surrounding assessment of episodes of lucidity in advanced dementia; and considerations for strengthening progress in outcome evaluation among persons living with dementia through multidisciplinary and community-informed health services research.
Protective and Exacerbating Cognition and Attribution Factors From the Cognitive Discrepancy Theory of Loneliness
Authors: Zucchetto Jillian Minahan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
According to the cognitive discrepancy theory, although the discrepancy between actual and desired social resources may result in loneliness, Perlman and Peplau (1998) suggested that cognitive processing and attributional style also impact the interpretation of social information. Previous empirical research investigating predictors of loneliness have not assessed a wide range of cognition and attribution factors, so this study filled this gap by examining how protective (optimism, sense of mastery, and purpose in life) and exacerbating (depression, control constraints, negative self-perceptions of aging (SPA), and experiences of age-based discrimination) factors influence and moderate the experience of loneliness cross-sectionally and longitudinally using a sample of 3,345 Americans aged 50 years and older from the 2008 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Optimism (βs = -.15, -.13), mastery (βs = -.08, -.07), purpose in life (βs = -.19, -.18), depression (βs = .22,.14), control constraints (βs = .18, .17), negative SPA (βs = .13, .14), and experiences of ageism (βs = .07, .06) were significantly related to loneliness cross-sectionally and longitudinally, respectively. Optimism buffered the negative impact of poor functional social resources (e.g., low social support) on loneliness cross-sectionally while control constraints, negative SPA, and experiencing ageism exacerbated the relationship between low functional social resources and loneliness cross-sectionally. None of the protective or exacerbating factors modulated the relationship between functional social resources and loneliness longitudinally. These findings have important implications for the development of interventions that target loneliness. Targeting maladaptive cognitions may be particularly effective in reducing loneliness.
Reducing Pessimism About Social Security’s Future Through Gerontological Education
Authors: Koss Catheryn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A recent Pew Research Center poll found less than half of non-retired U.S. adults believe they will receive Social Security benefits when they retire. Pessimism about Social Security’s future is even stronger among people under 50, raising concerns about political support for the program. The current study examined to what extent education about how Social Security functions and strategies to address program funding shortfalls could increase optimism about Social Security’s future. In Fall 2020, twenty-two undergraduate students enrolled in an on-line aging and social policy course were asked how likely they would receive Social Security income when they retired. Consistent with national polling data, only 38% believed they would probably or definitely receive Social Security retirement income. Students were also asked to briefly explain why they answered the way they did. Common reasons given for pessimism about receiving Social Security retirement income included having heard Social Security will run out of money and believing only U.S. citizens are eligible for Social Security benefits. Over a two-week period, students completed asynchronous on-line activities covering Social Security retirement eligibility, worker and spousal benefits, current funding, and proposed changes to address funding shortfalls. Upon completion, 67% of students stated they would probably or definitely receive Social Security retirement income when they retired (p = .07). These preliminary results suggest that education about the program can reduce pessimism about Social Security’s future. Additional data will be collected from 45 students enrolled in the same course in Spring 2021.
Impact of Housing and Neighborhood on Depression Among Older Adults in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Wilkie Rachel , Osuna Margarita , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Prior research has suggested that poor neighborhood and housing conditions can lead to worse psychological wellbeing. Most studies examine either neighborhood or housing conditions, but not both. Since neighborhood and housing conditions may be correlated it raises the question of whether one is a proxy for the other. We use data from the 2006 and 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to examine associations between perceived neighborhood and housing conditions in 2006 and depressive symptoms (CES-D 8) score in 2008. We find that worse housing conditions and neighborhood safety are associated with more depressive symptoms two years later, even when controlling for prior depressive symptoms. Furthermore, housing and neighborhood conditions are independently related to increased depression symptoms over time. Our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between home and neighborhood environments and psychological wellbeing in older adults.
Family and Aging in Cross-National Contexts
Authors: Ailshire Jennifer , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The global aging of the population, combined with shifts in the structure and composition of families, has led to increased attention to the role of family and social relationships in the aging experience. The importance of family in determining healthy aging, however, may largely depend on the social, political, and economic context in which individuals are embedded. Cross-national investigations offer a unique opportunity to understand how family relationships and family caregiving influence health and well-being among older adults by comparing family dynamics across different sociocultural contexts. The HRS-family of surveys, which have been harmonized within the Gateway to Global Aging, provides remarkable opportunities for cross-national comparative analysis. The papers in this session use harmonized data from the Gateway to compare the influence of family on health across different social dimensions in multiple countries from around the world, including examinations of: 1) the impact of grandparenting on health of older adults in Europe and China; 2) psychological well-being among European older adults whose partners receive formal care; 3) the influence of parent-child relationships on health and well-being of older adults in China and the U.S.; and 4) how loneliness among older adults is patterned according to their living arrangements and relationship quality. The discussion will highlight the promises and challenges of cross-national research on families and aging and how harmonized aging data facilitates international comparisons.
Partner Care Arrangements and Older Europeans' Well-Being: Variations by Gender and Context
Authors: Floridi Ginevra , Quashie Nekehia , Glaser Karen , Brandt Martina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Across Europe, partners are often primary caregivers to older adults with care needs. Yet, a variety of partner care arrangements may arise. Little is known about the interrelations between partners’ care arrangements, (potential) caregivers’ gender, and the context in which care is embedded. We use 2015 SHARE data from 17 countries on 3,465 couples aged 50+ where one partner receives care. We examine how life satisfaction and depressive symptoms of (potential) caregivers vary across five care arrangements: solo-care; shared formal; shared informal; outsourced formal; and outsourced informal. We explore heterogeneity by gender and across four contexts: Northern, Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe. Outsourcing partners’ care to formal or informal providers is linked with higher well-being among Northern and Western European women, but with lower well-being among women in Southern Europe, where traditional female caregiving responsibilities are stronger. Among men, outsourcing partner care is linked to higher well-being regardless of context.
Child-Parent Relation and Older Adults' Health: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between China and the United States
Authors: Lu Peiyi , Kong Dexia , Shelley Mack 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Western culture emphasizes independence in the child-parent relationship while Chinese culture values interdependence between adult children and older parents. This study compared the association of child-parent relationships with older adults’ multidimensional health over time in the U.S. and China. Two waves of data (2012-2015) from HRS and CHARLS were used (n=6,641, aged ≥65). Linear regression models were estimated. Results showed that, compared to Chinese older adults, fewer older Americans co-resided with or lived nearby their children, had less weekly contact, and fewer financial transfers from/to their children. Most child-parent relationship variables were nonsignificant predictors of older Americans’ health. However, a closer child-parent relationship was linked to fewer depressive symptoms and better cognition among older Chinese. Co-residence was associated with poorer health among Chinese parents. The associations of child-parent relationships with older adults’ health exhibited cross-cultural differences. A cultural perspective is recommended in understanding how family relations affect older adults’ health.
Mutual Recognition: Empathy as the Foundation of Community in Dementia
Authors: Costello Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the challenges of developing a healthy, genuine community as some of its members experience cognitive decline or dementia. I draw upon philosophical discussions on community (Stein, 2000) and Husserlian empathy (1931;1939) to identify these challenges. First, community is organic; it relies on the differentiated roles of individual members to remain healthy. The ability to recognize the contribution of each member is essential for its health. Second, dyadic relationships may similarly be healthy or waning depending on the presence or absence of mutual empathy. Empathy is embodied. Persons living with dementia (PLWD) need to experience being recognized as persons, in person, in order for dyadic relationships and communities to thrive. As such, some communities may become unhealthy in the absence of mutual recognition. In these instances, careful interventions, e.g., through shared experiences and embedded memories, may be required to promote the well-being of the community and its members.
Self-Management of Diabetes in Black Men: The Flint MANUP Intervention Study
Authors: Carthron Dana , McCullough Wayne , Chatterjee Samir , Key Kent , Lemke Kelsey , Gordon David , Piatt Gretchen , Neighbors Harold 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The story of John Henry, the “steel-drivin’ man”, is well known to Black men in the United States. John Henry is considered a hero because he demonstrated tremendous strength and self-determination. The MANUP diabetes program used the John Henryism, defined as high-effort active coping in the face of adversity, as the basis of a diabetes intervention for Black men. MANUP conducted four community-based focus groups identifying topics of concern to Black men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Interestingly, the men reported that high-effort active coping was crucial for successful diabetes self-management. MANUP then developed and implemented a longitudinal culturally targeted self-management program for 33 Black men with T2D in Flint, Michigan. MANUP included discussion groups, physical activity, and an app incorporating text-messaging, group-chat, and a blood glucose monitoring dashboard to improve glycemic control (A1c). This single-group, repeated measures intervention assessed A1c three times over a six-month period. Improvements in A1c were observed at: baseline – time 2: 8.9% vs 8.6%, p=0.14; time 2 – time 3: 8.6% vs 8.1%, p=0.21; and baseline – time 3: 8.9% vs 8.1%, p=0.005. After controlling for age and insulin use, the significant reduction in A1c over 6 months remained (p=0.01). These findings demonstrate that combining mobile health technology and moderate physical activity with culturally targeted discussion topics can improve T2D self-management and reduce A1c in Black men. More community-driven longitudinal intervention studies that improve diabetes self-management among Black men are needed to achieve gender and racial health equity..
Motor Behavior Changes Are Predictive of Acute Events in Skilled Nursing
Authors: Bowen Mary (Libbey) , Rowe Meredeth , Cacchione Pamela , Ji Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Common acute medical conditions among older adults with dementia in skilled nursing include falls, delirium, and pneumonia. This study utilized a sensor technology to examine how motor behaviors may predict these acute events. Methods: Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology continuously measured time and distance travelled, gait speed, and continuous walking with little/no breaks (paths) across 3 long-term facilities for up to 1 year (N=51). Change point analysis estimates the probability of whether a sudden change occurred and provides the location of the change point (in days prior to the event) in a time series model. Results: Gait speed had very low probability to detect a change point across all events (22 falls, 10 delirium and 8 pneumonia). Sensitivity estimates ranged from 63% (number of paths) to 90% (distance travelled) for a fall; 37.5% (number of paths) to 100% (rest of the motor behaviors) for pneumonia. Except for gait speed, all other motor behaviors had high probability (100%) to detect a delirium change point. There was intra-individual variability in the location of the change points (mean of 10 days). Linear regression models for time and distance travelled using baseline predictors of age, ethnicity, gait and balance explained 89% and 90% of the variance in change point locations. Conclusions: Prior to an acute event there is a significant change in motor behavior, suggesting these are an early signal that may be used to prevent a fall or provide for the earlier recognition and treatment of delirium and pneumonia.
Generational Views of Life Challenges and the Aging Process: Influence of Relationship Type, Frequency, Experience
Authors: Pagan Mary 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study, conducted within a higher education setting, examines and compares views of younger adults (age 20-24) and older adults (age 65-97) in two major areas; life challenges and aging processes. Are they complimentary, neutral, or opposing? We investigate views and the potential association to relationship type (family relation, close contact, casual), frequency (times interacting per month) including mode of communication (face-to-face, phone, visual technology), and narrative of overall experience. A mixed-method approach incorporated convenience survey data and extensive in-depth interviews. Data collection instruments were designed and conducted by students in an upper-division wellness and aging course at SUNY Oswego. Students partnered with older adult study participants. Participant (n=80) inquiries centered on life challenges (COVID, adversity, loss, discrimination/bias, regrets) and aging processes (views on aging, life expectancy, changes in health). The study also examines the impact of the 3-credit course on aging views; specifically did they change their life expectancy choice (years) from the week one by the end of the course.
The Photography and Memory Project: Adapting an Intergenerational Program During a Global Pandemic
Authors: De Fries Carson , MacInnes Roddy , Walker Anne , DelPo Amy , Hasche Leslie , Steward Andrew , Schilz Matthew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since 2019, a university-community partnership has connected undergraduate students with older adults from independent living and community-based settings (i.e., library, art museum) for a photography-based intergenerational program. This study compares the implementation and impacts of this photography-based intergenerational program both in an in-person format before the COVID-19 pandemic (n=34) and an online format during the COVID-19 pandemic (n=25). Pre- and post- results from older adult and undergraduate student participants regarding social connection and evaluation comments from program participants and staff were compared between the pre-pandemic, in-person format, and the same program’s offering the next year in a virtual format. Results indicate that the benefits of this intergenerational photography program were experienced at a similar level during and before COVID-19. Findings demonstrate that intergenerational programs could effectively continue in remote formats, while also identifying potential challenges in implementation for staff regarding managing logistics and maintaining engagement among participants.
Intervention Design With Cognitively Impaired Populations: The Optimize Deprescribing Intervention
Authors: Sheehan Orla , Bayliss Elizabeth , Green Ariel , Drace Melanie , Norton Jonathan , Reeve Emily , Gleason Kathy , Boyd Cynthia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Older adults with cognitive impairment and multiple other chronic conditions often have polypharmacy which increases their risks of medication related cognitive effects, adverse drug events, hospitalization and death and leads to higher health care costs. Deprescribing, the process of reducing or stopping potentially inappropriate medications may improve outcomes for those older adults with cognitive impairment and multiple chronic conditions. The OPTIMIZE trial examined whether a primary care-based, patient- and family-centered intervention educating and activating patients, family members, and clinicians about deprescribing reduces numbers of chronic medications and potentially inappropriate medications for older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and multiple chronic conditions. We explored the mechanisms of intervention effectiveness through post hoc qualitative stakeholder interviews and surveys with 15 patients, 7 family caregivers, and 28 clinicians. All stakeholder groups endorsed the acceptability of the intervention. Success of the intervention was affected by contextual factors including prior knowledge and openness to deprescribing, cognition and prognosis. Positive outcomes included patients and care partners scheduling specific appointments to discuss deprescribing and providers remembering to consider deprescribing in cognitively impaired older adults. Recollection of intervention materials was inconsistent over time but highest shortly after intervention delivery. The time required to mail intervention materials to patients prior to a scheduled appointment limited the reach of the intervention by excluding persons with rapidly scheduled appointments. Our work identifies key learnings in intervention roll out which can guide future translation of our intervention to other settings and other pragmatic intervention studies in this vulnerable population.
Preliminary Efficacy of an mHealth Mindfulness Intervention With Caregivers of Older Adults With MCI or Dementia
Authors: Kozlov Elissa , Llaneza Danielle , Dong XinQi , Duberstein Paul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Decades of research have documented the negative effects of caregiving on unpaid caregivers. Caregivers are more likely to suffer from high levels of stress and anxiety, and caregivers of older adults with dementia are at especially high risk. Mindfulness Therapy (MT) is a promising, non-pharmacological technique with proven efficacy and effectiveness in managing stress and anxiety in diverse populations. Mindfulness Coach is an m-health delivered mindfulness therapy intervention developed by the Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD. The objective of this paper is to report the preliminary efficacy of an 8-week pilot trial of mHealth-delivered mindfulness therapy to alleviate anxiety and caregiver stress in caregivers of persons with dementia. Sixty caregivers of patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia were recruited to participate in this single group pre-post design study. After receiving an orientation to using the app, participants were instructed to use the app daily to learn about and practice mindfulness skills. At the end of the 8 weeks, there was a significant reduction between baseline anxiety on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety subscale (mean = 14.45, SD = 3.36) 15.42, SD = 3.12) and 8 weeks (mean = (t(55)=2.6, p=.012) and perceived stress measured by the perceived stress scale at baseline (mean = 23.59, SD = 3.99) and 8 weeks (mean = 21.12, SD = 3.09), (t(56)=5.94, p&lt;.001). This study offers preliminary evidence that mHealth Mindfulness Therapy strategies may help caregivers manage the stress and anxiety associated with caregiving.
Margret M. and Paul B. Baltes Award Lecture: Optimism and Health: Resource or Delusion?
Authors: Crimmins Eileen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The lecture will be given by the 2020 Baltes Award recipient, William Chopik, PhD, of Michigan State University. The recipient of the 2021 Baltes Award is Laura B. Zahodne, PhD, of the University of Michigan. The Margret M. and Paul B. Baltes Foundation Award in Behavioral and Social Gerontology recognizes outstanding early-career contributions in behavioral and social gerontology. The award is generously funded by the Margret M. and Paul B. Baltes Foundation.