bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of an integrated radio‐frequency/shim coil technology for signal recovery in fMRI
Authors: Willey Devin , Darnell Dean , Song Allen W. , Truong Trong‐Kha 
Published: July 2021

PurposeGradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging (EPI), which is typically used for blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI), suffers from distortions and signal loss caused by localized B0 inhomogeneities. Such artifacts cannot be effectively corrected for with the low‐order spherical harmonic (SH) shim coils available on most scanners. The integrated parallel reception, excitation, and shimming (iPRES) coil technology allows radiofrequency (RF) and direct currents to flow on each coil element, enabling imaging and localized B0 shimming with one coil array. iPRES was previously used to correct for distortions in spin‐echo EPI and is further developed here to also recover signal loss in gradient‐echo EPI.MethodsThe cost function in the shim optimization, which typically uses a single term representing the B0 inhomogeneity, was modified to include a second term representing the signal loss, with an adjustable weight to optimize the trade‐off between distortion correction and signal recovery. Simulations and experiments were performed to investigate the shimming performance.ResultsSlice‐optimized shimming with iPRES and the proposed cost function substantially reduced the signal loss in the inferior frontal and temporal brain regions compared to shimming with iPRES and the original cost function or 2nd‐order SH shimming with either cost function. In breath‐holding fMRI experiments, the ΔB0 and signal loss root‐mean‐square errors decreased by −34.3% and −56.2%, whereas the EPI signal intensity and number of activated voxels increased by 60.3% and 174.0% in the inferior frontal brain region.ConclusioniPRES can recover signal loss in gradient‐echo EPI, which is expected to improve BOLD fMRI studies in brain regions suffering from signal loss.
Transvaginal radiofrequency energy for the treatment of urinary stress incontinence: A comparison of monopolar and bipolar technologies in both pre‐ and post‐menopausal patients
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Dell Jeffrey , Karram Mickey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimA study to compare the effect of two different radio frequency energy models (mono polar and bipolar) for the treatment of urinary stress incontinence.MethodsRetrospective chart review, which was conducted at 2 sites, 69 patients received treatment with a bipolar radiofrequency device. Out of those 69 patients, 13 patients received bipolar in conjugation with CO2 laser treatment, while 32 patients received monopolar frequency. The study protocol normally consists of three sessions of treatment. Each session was four weeks apart with a whole 6‐month duration follow‐up. Results were evaluated by urogenital distress inventory (UDI)‐6 questionnaire before and after treatment.ResultsThe bipolar group improved UDI‐6 scores across time more so than did the monopolar group with some evidence suggesting that the bipolar radiofrequency treatment was more effective compared to the monopolar radiofrequency. Three months after treatment, the bipolar group UDI‐6 values were lower than those of the monopolar group. Six months after treatment, the UDI‐6 scores increased in both groups, suggesting decrease efficacy with time however, the bipolar group's UDI‐6 scores were consistently lower than the monopolar group's scores.ConclusionThis study shows benefit of both monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency device in patients with stress urinary incontinence and mixed UI, with bipolar RF more efficacious than monopolar RF. More randomized prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A fast Fourier transform based method for computing the effective crack energy of a heterogeneous material on a combinatorially consistent grid
Authors: Ernesti Felix , Schneider Matti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work is concerned with computing the effective crack energy of periodic and random media which arises in mathematical homogenization results for the Francfort–Marigo model of brittle fracture. A previous solver based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) led to solution fields with ringing or checkerboard artifacts and was limited in terms of the achievable accuracy. As computing the effective crack energy may be recast as a continuous maximum flow problem, we suggest using the combinatorial continuous maximum flow discretization introduced by Couprie et al. The latter is devoid of artifacts, but lacks an efficient large‐scale solution method. We fill this gap and introduce a novel solver which relies upon the FFT and a doubling of the local degrees of freedom which is resolved by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Last but not least we provide an adaptive strategy for choosing the ADMM penalty parameter, further speeding up the solution procedure. We demonstrate the salient features of the proposed approach on problems of industrial scale.
Evidence of psychological and biological effects of structured Mindfulness‐Based Interventions for cancer patients and survivors: A meta‐review
Authors: Pedro Juliana , Monteiro‐Reis Sara , Carvalho‐Maia Carina , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen , Silva Eunice R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveA large number of studies have been conducted exploring the effects of mindfulness programs on health outcomes, such as psychological and biological outcomes. However, there is substantial heterogeneity among studies and, consequently, in the systematic reviews/meta‐analyses. Since clinical practice is massively informed by evidence on review studies, our main objective was to summarize the reported evidence regarding the effects of structured mindfulness‐based programs on psychological, biological, and quality‐of‐life outcomes in cancer patients.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐review, using a literature search from inception to June 2020 in several electronic databases using a combination of keywords including MBSR, MBCT, cancer, and meta‐analysis OR “systematic review” (PROSPERO registration CRD42020186511).ResultsTen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. The main findings were beneficial small to medium effect sizes of Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)/Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)/Mindfulness‐Based Cancer Recovery (MBCR) on psychological health, such as anxiety, depression, stress, and quality of life. A beneficial effect was found for biological outcomes, albeit based on a reduced number of studies. Studies were moderate homogenous regarding the intervention, population, and outcomes explored. Results on long‐term follow‐up seem to indicate that the effects tend not to be maintained, namely in shorter follow‐ups (6 months).ConclusionsThis meta‐review brings a broad perspective on the actual evidence regarding MBSR/MBCT/MBCR. We expect to contribute to future project design, focused on developing high‐quality studies and exploring the moderating effects that might contribute to biased results, as well as exploring who might benefit more from MBSR/MBCT/MBCT interventions.
Trends in patent ductus arteriosus ligation in neonates and changes in outcomes: A 10‐year multicenter experience
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Jain Amish , Weisz Dany E. , Moraes Theo J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRationaleThe management of neonates with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has changed over time.MethodsWe conducted a single‐city, retrospective review of neonates who underwent PDA ligation over a 10‐year time period and compared infants from the first 5 years to the second 5 years to evaluate how clinical characteristics changed over this time.ResultsInfants from the second 5‐year epoch were older at time of ligation (38 vs. 30 days), had a higher ligation weight (1432 vs. 1121 g) and a lower incidence of postligation cardiac syndrome (1.9% vs. 11.5%). No differences in mortality, length of hospital‐stay or major morbidities were seen. Compared to neonates who underwent PDA ligation at ≤28 days of life, those with a ligation age >28 days had a higher ligation weight (1421 vs. 1039 g), a higher proportion of COX inhibitor use (92.5% vs. 83.8%), and a higher incidence of moderate‐severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (60.4% vs. 44.4%). Only 10.7% (25/233) patients were evaluated by laryngoscopy, in which the incidence of vocal cord paralysis (VCP) was 36.0%; 2 patients were clinically diagnosed with VCP for a total 4.7% incidence of VCP (11/233).ConclusionsOver the 10 years examined, neonates underwent PDA ligation at an older age in the second 5‐year time period; this change was not associated with a change in the incidence of major morbidities. Ligation age >28 days was associated with an increase incidence of moderate‐severe BPD. The overall incidence of documented VCP post‐PDA ligation was relatively low but was seen in over 1/3 who were evaluated by laryngoscopy.
Controllable Synthesis and Performance Modulation of 2D Covalent–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Chenyu , Yu Gui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCovalent–organic frameworks (COFs) are especially interesting and unique as their highly ordered topological structures entirely built from plentiful π‐conjugated units through covalent bonds. Arranging tailorable organic building blocks into periodically reticular skeleton bestows predictable lattices and various properties upon COFs in respect of topology diagrams, pore size, properties of channel wall interfaces, etc. Indeed, these peculiar features in terms of crystallinity, conjugation degree, and topology diagrams fundamentally decide the applications of COFs including heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion, proton conduction, light emission, and optoelectronic devices. Additionally, this research field has attracted widespread attention and is of importance with a major breakthrough in recent year. However, this research field is running with the lack of summaries about tailorable construction of 2D COFs for targeted functionalities. This review first covers some crucial polymeric strategies of preparing COFs, containing boron ester condensation, amine‐aldehyde condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, trimerization reaction, Suzuki CC coupling reaction, and hybrid polycondensation. Subsequently, a summary is made of some representative building blocks, and then underlines how the electronic and molecular structures of building blocks can strongly influence the functional performance of COFs. Finally, conclusion and perspectives on 2D COFs for further study are proposed.
A Bio‐Inspired Molecular Design Strategy toward 2D Organic Semiconductor Crystals with Superior Integrated Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Li Yin‐Xiang , Dong Xue‐Mei , Yu Meng‐Na , Liu Wei , Nie Yi‐Jie , Zhang Jing , Xie Ling‐Hai , Xu Chun‐Xiang , Liu Ju‐Qing , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInspired by the 2D bilayer lipid membranes in nature, a unique supramolecular “push–pull” synergetic strategy toward self‐assembled 2D organic crystals (2DOCs) is proposed in this work, which can effectively suppress the interlayer 3D stacking while maintaining the assembly of the intralayer for 2D growth. For this purpose, a model molecule PF‐Py consisting of a planar supramolecular “attractor” and a nonplanar steric “repellor” is designed for the solution self‐assembly process. Well‐defined 2DOCs including crystal nanosheets and millimeter‐sized crystal films with layered amphiphile‐like packing are obtained, which is analogical to the cell membranes of living organisms. Thanks to the special packing mode, the 2DOCs have fascinating integrated photoelectric property, with high mobility of 7.8 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, high crystalline state photoluminescence quantum yield of 55%, and superior deep‐blue laser characteristics with a low threshold of 5.51 µJ cm−2. This supramolecular synergetic strategy advances the design of 2D organic semiconductor crystals for high performance optoelectronics.
Mechanical Training‐Driven Structural Remodeling: A Rational Route for Outstanding Highly Hydrated Silk Materials
Authors: Shu Ting , Lv Zhuochen , Chen Chun‐Teh , Gu Grace X. , Ren Jing , Cao Leitao , Pei Ying , Ling Shengjie , Kaplan David L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHighly hydrated silk materials (HHSMs) have been the focus of extensive research due to their usefulness in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and soft devices, among other fields. However, HHSMs have weak mechanical properties that limit their practical applications. Inspired by the mechanical training‐driven structural remodeling strategy (MTDSRS) in biological tissues, herein, engineered MTDSRS is developed for self‐reinforcement of HHSMs to improve their inherent mechanical properties and broaden potential utility. The MTDSRS consists of repetitive mechanical training and solvent‐induced conformation transitions. Solvent‐induced conformation transition enables the formation of β‐sheet physical crosslinks among the proteins, while the repetitive mechanical loading allows the rearrangement of physically crosslinked proteins along the loading direction. Such synergistic effects produce strong and stiff mechanically trained‐HHSMs (MT‐HHSMs). The fracture strength and Young's modulus of the resultant MT‐HHSMs (water content of 43 ± 4%) reach 4.7 ± 0.9 and 21.3 ± 2.1 MPa, respectively, which are 8‐fold stronger and 13‐fold stiffer than those of the as‐prepared HHSMs, as well as superior to most previously reported HHSMs with comparable water content. In addition, the animal silk‐like highly oriented molecular crosslinking network structure also provides MT‐HHSMs with fascinating physical and functional features, such as stress‐birefringence responsibility, humidity‐induced actuation, and repeatable self‐folding deformation.
Vulnerability disclosure and cybersecurity awareness campaigns on twitter during COVID‐19
Authors: Bahl Aditya , Sharma Aastha , Asghar Muhammad Rizwan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic introduced the new norm that changed the way we work and live. During these unprecedented times, most of the organizations expected their employees to work from home. Remote working created new opportunities for hackers since more users were making use of digital platforms for online shopping, accessing Virtual Private Network (VPN), videoconferencing platforms, and software alike. Consequently, cybercrime increased due to the increase in the attack surface, and software vulnerabilities were exploited for launching cyberattacks. There is existing research that explores vulnerability disclosure on Twitter. However, there is a lack of study on opportunistic targeted attacks where specific vulnerabilities are exploited in a way that benefit adversaries the most in times such as COVID‐19. The primary aim of this work is to study the effectiveness of vulnerability disclosure pattern on Twitter in COVID‐19, and discuss how Twitter can be leveraged as Open‐Source Intelligence (OSINT) during a pandemic where the global users can follow a coordinated approach to share security‐related information and conduct awareness campaigns. The study identifies Twitter as an apt source for conducting cybersecurity awareness campaigns as 99.83% of the security vulnerabilities are found to be accurate. The information can help global cybersecurity agencies to proactively identify vulnerabilities, coordinate activities, and plan for mitigation strategies since releasing patches from the vendor might take time.
Emotion Mining: from Unimodal to Multimodal Approaches
Authors: Zucco Chiara , Calabrese Barbara , Cannataro Mario 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, Sentiment Analysis and Affective Computing have found applications in different domains. In particular, the interest of extracting emotions in healthcare is demonstrated by the various applications which encompass patient monitoring and adverse events prediction. Thanks to the availability of large datasets, most of which are extracted from social media platforms, several techniques for extracting emotion and opinion from different modalities have been proposed, using both unimodal and multimodal approaches. After introducing the basic concepts related to emotion theories, mainly borrowed from social sciences, the present work reviews three basic modalities used in emotion recognition, i.e. textual, audio and video, presenting for each of these i) some basic methodologies, ii) some among the widely used datasets for the training of supervised algorithms and iii) briefly discussing some deep Learning architectures. Furthermore, the paper outlines the challenges and existing resources to perform a multimodal emotion recognition which may improve performances by combining at least two unimodal approaches. architecture to perform multimodal emotion recognition.
Open fishchain in N = 4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory
Authors: Gromov Nikolay , Julius Julius , Primi Nicolò 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider a cusped Wilson line with J insertions of scalar fields in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM and prove that in a certain limit the Feynman graphs are integrable to all loop orders. We identify the integrable system as a quantum fishchain with open boundary conditions. The existence of the boundary degrees of freedom results in the boundary reflection operator acting non-trivially on the physical space. We derive the Baxter equation for Q-functions and provide the quantisation condition for the spectrum. This allows us to find the non-perturbative spectrum numerically.
On positive geometries of quartic interactions: one loop integrands from polytopes
Authors: Jagadale Mrunmay , Laddha Alok 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Building on the seminal work of Arkani-Hamed, He, Salvatori and Thomas (AHST) [1] we explore the positive geometry encoding one loop scattering amplitude for quartic scalar interactions. We define a new class of combinatorial polytopes that we call pseudo-accordiohedra whose poset structures are associated to singularities of the one loop integrand associated to scalar quartic interactions. Pseudo-accordiohedra parametrize a family of projective forms on the abstract kinematic space defined by AHST and restriction of these forms to the type-D associahedra can be associated to one-loop integrands for quartic interactions. The restriction (of the projective form) can also be thought of as a canonical top form on certain geometric realisations of pseudo-accordiohedra. Our work explores a large class of geometric realisations of the type-D associahedra which include all the AHST realisations. These realisations are based on the pseudo-triangulation model for type-D cluster algebras discovered by Ceballos and Pilaud [2].
Boson-fermion correspondence and holomorphic anomaly equation in 2d Yang-Mills theory on torus
Authors: Huang Min-xin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, Okuyama and Sakai proposed a novel holomorphic anomaly equation for the partition function of 2d Yang-Mills theory on a torus, based on an anholomorphic deformation of the propagator in the bosonic formulation. Using the boson-fermion correspondence, we derive the formula for the deformed partition function in fermionic description and give a proof of the holomorphic anomaly equation.
Local Turnpike Analysis Using Local Dissipativity for Discrete Time Discounted Optimal Control
Authors: Grüne Lars , Krügel Lisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent results in the literature have provided connections between the so-called turnpike property, near optimality of closed-loop solutions, and strict dissipativity. Motivated by applications in economics, optimal control problems with discounted stage cost are of great interest. In contrast to non-discounted optimal control problems, it is more likely that several asymptotically stable optimal equilibria coexist. Due to the discounting and transition cost from a local to the global equilibrium, it may be more favourable staying in a local equilibrium than moving to the global—cheaper—equilibrium. In the literature, strict dissipativity was shown to provide criteria for global asymptotic stability of optimal equilibria and turnpike behaviour. In this paper, we propose a local notion of discounted strict dissipativity and a local turnpike property, both depending on the discount factor. Using these concepts, we investigate the local behaviour of (near-)optimal trajectories and develop conditions on the discount factor to ensure convergence to a local asymptotically stable optimal equilibrium.
HOME vs. LAB hair samples for the determination of long-term steroid concentrations: a comparison between hair samples collected by laypersons and trained research staff
Authors: Skoluda Nadine , Piroth Isabell , Gao Wei , Nater Urs M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHair segment analysis is a valuable tool for the assessment of cumulative long-term steroid secretion. Preliminary findings suggest comparable cortisol concentrations in hair collected by instructed laypersons and research staff. However, it remains unclear whether hair sample quality and hair steroids other than cortisol are affected by level of experience (laypersons vs. research staff), home collection circumstances (instructions, familiarity to participant, performance confidence), and characteristics of the layperson (conscientiousness). Sixty participants (23.6 ± 3.9 years; 43 females) provided hair samples twice: first collected by laypersons (HOME) according to provided instructions (written vs. written/video-based instructions) and second by trained research staff (LAB) on the same day or the day after the HOME collection. Hair steroid concentrations (cortisol, cortisone, DHEA, progesterone) were determined using LC–MS/MS. Hair sample quality was evaluated using nine predefined criteria. Laypersons completed questionnaires for the assessment of potential factors of hair outcome measures (hair steroid concentrations, hair sample quality). Hair steroids from HOME and LAB samples were positively correlated (rs between 0.76 and 0.89) and did not significantly differ, with the exception of cortisone. The quality of hair samples was significantly higher for LAB than for HOME samples. Neither HOME collection circumstances nor layperson-related characteristics had an impact on hair outcome measures. However, a low self-reported performance confidence predicted a high absolute difference between HOME and LAB DHEA. In summary, our findings suggest higher quality of hair samples collected by trained research staff compared to instructed laypersons. However, these differences might be negligible, considering the high correlation between HOME and LAB hair steroid concentrations, with the characteristics of the layperson or collection circumstances having a minor impact on hair steroids and hair sample quality. These findings provide further support for the notion that well-instructed laypersons can be enabled to collect hair samples.