bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Positive Mental Health of Undergraduate Students of Royal University of Bhutan
Authors: Chaudhuri Kalpak , Dawala . , Dema Sonam , Wangmo Sonam , Gautam Khem Prasad 
Published: August 2021

Aims: The study examined the relationship between self-compassion and positive mental health of undergraduate students of the Royal University of Bhutan.
Study Design: It was a correlational study.
Place and Duration of Study: The sample consisted of students of Gedu College of Business Studies, College of Science and Technology, Samtse College, Norbuling Rigter College, Royal Thimphu College, Paro College of Education, College of Language and Cultural Studies, Sherubtse College, in Bhutan, between July 2020 and June 2021.
Methodology: Participants were 321 undergraduate students (184 female, 137 male), between 17 and 40 years of age. To assess self-compassion and positive mental health they completed a questionnaire that consisted of the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS-SF) and the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC-SF).
Results: There was not a significant difference in overall mental health scores between the male students (M = 2.560, SD = 1.325) and the female students (M = 2.339, SD = 1.254); t(319) = -1.525, p = .128. Among the students surveyed, 24.6 percent were flourishing, 42.1 percent were moderately mentally healthy, and 33.3 percent were languishing. The percentage of female students (35.3) languishing was higher compared to male students (30.7). The participants had a moderate level of self-compassion (M = 3.034, SD = 0.403). The male students (M = 3.092, SD = 0.415) were significantly more self-compassionate than the females (M = 2.991, SD = 0.389); t(319) = -2.230, p = .026. Self-compassion was significantly positively correlated with the positive mental health of the students (r = .337, p < .001). Self-kindness (r = .298, p < .001), mindfulness (r = .278, p < .001), common humanity (r = .240, p < .001), self-judgment (r = .126, p = .024), and isolation (r = .119, p = .033) components of self-compassion were found to be significantly positively correlated to positive mental health. Over-identification had a non-significant weak correlation with positive mental health (r = 0.09). According to regression results, mindfulness (β = .18, p = .017), self-kindness (β = .17, p = .023), and self-judgment (β = .15, p = .006) significantly positively predicted positive mental health. The regressor, mindfulness, had the highest correlation with positive mental health. Self-compassion has explained 11.1 percent of the variance in positive mental health, F (3, 317) = 14.385, p < .001.
Conclusion: Enhancing mindfulness is a promising positive intervention to improve positive mental health and reduce the risk of mental illness of the students in the future.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Crude Oil Polluted Soil, Surface & Groundwater Sources in Emohua, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ahiamadu Nnamdi M. , Nwaogazie Ify L. , Momoh Yussuf O. L. 
Published: August 2021

This study was carried out to assess the human health risk associated with a crude oil spill site in Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State, Niger Delta. The Total Content and Fraction’s approaches were adopted to assess the human health risk. Total Content approach was carried out by comparing the concentration of various contaminants in the environmental media studied with the Intervention Values prescribed while the Fractions approach was carried out using RBCA Toolkit for Chemical Releases version 2.6. The results indicate that concentration indices for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) were greater than the acceptable limit of 1.0 for both the maximum and mean concentrations in soil and groundwater, indicating unacceptable risk at this site. The result from the Fraction’s approach showed that carcinogenic risks are identified for the site through the soil and grounwater exposure pathways as the Total Risk Values for soil (1.7 x10-3) and groundwater (5.6 x 10-1) are higher than the target risk of 1.0 x 10-5 while toxic effects risks are identified for all pathways in the site with Total Health Risk Index for all four pathways greater than the applicable limit of 1.0. Ingestion of groundwater for carcinogenic risk with risk value 5.6 x 10-1 and inhalation of indoor air for non-carcinogenic risk Health Risk Index of 1.0 x104 are identified as the major contributing exposure pathways at this study site. It was therefore concluded that the study site poses unacceptable risk to human health and needs immediate intervention.
Assessment of Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise (PFME) on Urinary Incontinence among Middle Aged Women
Authors: Verma Veena , Mathew Sinju 
Published: August 2021

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a familiar manifestation that can affect women of all ages, with a wide range of severity and nature. While rarely life-threatening, incontinence may seriously influence the physical, psychological and social wellbeing of affected individuals.
Objective: The main objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) or Kegel’s exercise on urinary incontinence among middle aged women of selected urban community of Raipur (C.G).
Methodology: A community based quazi - experimental study was conducted among 60 middle aged women having mild to moderate degree of urinary incontinence. The sample were selected by nonrandomised purposive technique The baseline data were collected from 60 samples (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group) by standardised tool - Questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) on urinary incontinence. The experimental group was taught to practise Kegel’s exercise for 4 week followed by post- test of both control & experimental group to compare the data for effectiveness.
Results: Comparison of mean and SD of pre-test and post-test level of urinary incontinence among middle aged women in experimental group & control group (un paired t -test) showed that the calculated value (2.1) of t was higher than the table value (2) at 0.05 level which shows that PFME is effective in improving symptoms of urinary incontinence if practised on regular basis. Factors positively associated with urinary incontinence were parity, type of delivery and nature of work.
Conclusion: Middle aged women with urinary incontinence will be greatly benefitted with regular pelvic floor muscle exercise. Health care practitioner should train & educate them on correct ways of performing Kegel’s exercise at community level.
Ternary FePSe3 Atomic Layers with Competitive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance for Uncooled Infrared Bolometers
Authors: Li Alei , Ge Yanfeng , Gan Yuan , Ren Yulu L. , He Yingjie , Chen Qianxue , Wang Peipei , Zhang Kai , Yang Shengyuan A. , Wu Judy Z. , Chen Rui , Zhang Liyuan , Gong Youpin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe semiconducting metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPX3, X = S, Se), a new family of layered atomic materials similar to the transition‐metal dichalcogenides, have recently attracted great attention owing to their 2D magnetic properties as well as their wide range of tunable bandgaps, which can lead to promising applications in spintronic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, an uncooled bolometer based on FePSe3 atomic layers is reported, on which a competitive temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of ≈−2.96% K−1 at room temperature is observed. In detecting infrared radiation (980–1550 nm) at room temperature using the FePSe3 bolometer, high responsivity exceeding 108 V W−1 and specific detectivity up to 109 Jones are achieved, which can be attributed to the combined advantages of the competitive room‐temperature TCR and natural thermal isolation between the inner layers of FePSe3 and the environment. This result reveals a remarkable property of FePSe3 atomic layers and paves the way toward new types of bolometers with high sensitivities.
Out‐of‐equilibrium supramolecular self‐assembling systems driven by chemical fuel
Authors: Wang Qian , Qi Zhen , Chen Meng , Qu Da‐Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA rich variety of smart materials developed via supramolecular assembly strategies have been introduced in the past decades. However, most materials reside in the thermodynamic equilibrium state, opposed to those nonequilibrium structures with sophisticated functions that are observed in living systems. To develop advanced synthetic systems, chemists have begun to focus on how to use strategies similar to those used in biological systems for fabricating artificial out‐of‐equilibrium systems. Heretofore, a rich variety of artificial out‐of‐equilibrium systems have been developed. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of artificial out‐of‐equilibrium systems and categorized them in terms of the chemical fuel used, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), acid/base, carbodiimide reagents, and many others. For these self‐assembling systems, their design strategies, potential applications, as well as advantageous features have been discussed. At the end of this review, the remaining challenges and an outlook of the chemical‐fuel‐driven out‐of‐equilibrium systems were also discussed. It is believed that this review has provided some insights and could be useful for those who are interested in the out‐of‐equilibrium supramolecular assembling systems and their subsequent constructing strategies for various transient materials.
Triggering flow of jammed cohesive granular materials using modulated pulsed airflow
Authors: Zhu Lizhuo , Lu Haifeng , Guo Xiaolei , Liu Haifeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRealizing the stable high‐flux flow of cohesive granular materials is a complicated subject. We experimentally studied the dynamic characteristics of cohesive granular materials discharged from hopper under modulated pulsed airflow. Results show that pulsed airflow with a smaller duty cycle can effectively trigger the stable flow of jammed cohesive granular materials. Furthermore, under proper working conditions, the hopper flow will change from the classic arch breaking mode to a free flowing mode like liquid. The flow rate of the powder in the free flowing mode will decrease as powder bed height decreases, which overturns the consistent recognition. The oscillating shear provided by the pulsed airflow eliminates the Janssen effect and achieves a liquid‐like stress transmission, which supports the above findings. Through energy analysis, we gave the scaling relationship between the pressure gradient and the pulse parameters to cover the experimental data and revealed the internal mechanism.
Domino Reaction for Synthesis of Spiro[pyrazole‐4,5′‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazoles] and Spiro[pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐5,5′‐thiazoles]
Authors: Yan Chen , Sun Jing , Han Ying , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe concentrated hydrochloride catalyzed reaction of 3‐(indol‐3‐yl)maleimides with (E)‐4‐arylidene‐5‐methyl‐2‐phenylpyrazol‐3‐ones in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded unexpected Michael addition product in high yields, which could be easily converted to the cis/trans‐diastereoisomers of spiro[pyrazole‐4,5′‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazoles] with the nearly 2 : 1 ratios by further oxidation with DDQ. On the other hand, the similar one‐pot two‐step reaction of 3‐(indol‐3‐yl)maleimides with (E)‐5‐arylidene‐2‐phenylthiazol‐4‐one predominately gave cis‐diastereoisomers of spiro[pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐5,5′‐thiazoles] in satisfactory yields. The reaction mechanism included domino acid catalyzed Michael addition and DDQ oxidative coupling process
Cognitive impairment associated with greater care intensity during home health care
Authors: Burgdorf Julia G. , Amjad Halima , Bowles Kathryn H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Medicare‐funded home health care (HHC), one in three patients has cognitive impairment (CI), but little is known about the care intensity they receive in this setting. Recent HHC reimbursement changes fail to adjust for patient CI, potentially creating a financial disincentive to caring for these individuals.MethodsThis cohort study included a nationally representative sample of 1214 Medicare HHC patients between 2011 and 2016. Multivariable logistic and negative binomial regressions modelled the relationship between patient CI and care intensity—measured as the number and type of visits received during HHC and likelihood of receiving multiple successive HHC episodes.ResultsPatients with CI had 45% (P < .05) greater odds of receiving multiple successive HHC episodes and received an additional 2.82 total (P < .001), 1.39 nursing (P = .003), 0.72 physical therapy (P = .03), and 0.60 occupational therapy visits (P = .01) during the index HHC episode.DiscussionRecent HHC reimbursement changes do not reflect the more intensive care needs of patients with CI.
An Azido‐Bridged Dysprosium Chain Complex Showing Zero‐field Slow Magnetic Relaxation
Authors: Shao Dong , Yang Jiong , Yang Xiaodong , Tian Zhengfang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA one‐dimensional (1D) azido‐bridged dysprosium coordination polymer featuring a zig‐zag chain structure constructed from a halogen‐functionalized quinoline derivative and N3− ligands was structurally and magnetically characterized. Magnetic studies revealed that the chain complex exhibits zero‐field slow magnetic relaxation and a significant butterfly‐like hysteresis loop, originating from highly magnetic anisotropy of the Dy3+ ions in a D4d symmetry. This compound represents the first azido‐bridged lanthanide chain showing zero‐field slow magnetic relaxation behavior. These results highlight that the combination of high symmetric Ln3+ ions with the versatile azido bridging ligand provides an effective approach for the design and construction of advanced lanthanides molecular magnets.
“Minimal metabolism”: A key concept to investigate the origins and nature of biological systems
Authors: Lauber Nino , Flamm Christoph , Ruiz‐Mirazo Kepa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe systems view on life and its emergence from complex chemistry has remarkably increased the scientific attention on metabolism in the last two decades. However, during this time there has not been much theoretical discussion on what constitutes a metabolism and what role it actually played in biogenesis. A critical and updated review on the topic is here offered, including some references to classical models from last century, but focusing more on current and future research. Metabolism is considered as intrinsically related to the living but not necessarily equivalent to it. More precisely, the idea of “minimal metabolism”, in contrast to previous, top‐down conceptions, is formulated as a heuristic construct, halfway between chemistry and biology. Thus, rather than providing a complete or final characterization of metabolism, our aim is to encourage further investigations on it, particularly in the context of life's origin, for which some concrete methodological suggestions are provided. Also see the video abstract here:https://youtu.be/DP7VMKk2qpA
Adaptive neuro fuzzy evaluation of energy and non‐energy material productivity impact on sustainable development based on circular economy and gross domestic product
Authors: Petković Biljana , Zandi Yousef , Agdas Alireza Sadighi , Nikolić Ivica , Denić Nebojša , Kojić Nenad , Selmi Abdellatif , Issakhov Alibek , Milošević Slaviša , Khan Afrasyab 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCircular economy represents a concept for turning of material and energy wastes into resources for other purposes in a closed loop system. The purpose of circular economy is to minimize the energy and material wastes. The effect of energy and non‐energy material productivity on the gross domestic product (GDP) was analyzed in this study. The main contribution of the investigation was to determine which sector of energy or non‐energy material productivity has the more relevance on the GDP. Energy productivity represent energy consumption sector while non‐energy material productivity represents the sector closely connected to the circular economy. The used database covers OECD members in period 1990–2020. According to the results one can determine the current status of the economic development and what needs to be improved to reduce the energy and material wastes. On the contrary GDP needs to be tracked in order determine which factor has the more influence on the GDP. For such a purpose adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used. The metals consumption represents the most relevant factor for GDP variation and prediction. The results show also the combination of non‐energy material productivity and generated municipal waste is the best‐case scenario for the GDP prediction. The obtained results could represent the best practices for implementation of circular economy concept.
A Cyanide‐free Biocatalytic Process for Synthesis of Complementary Enantiomers of 4‐Chloro‐3‐hydroxybutanenitrile From Allyl Chloride
Authors: Zheng Daijun , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA biocatalyst used for selective ring scission of (±)‐5‐(chloromethyl)‐4, 5‐dihydroisoxazole to synthesize chiral (R)‐4‐chloro‐3‐hydroxybutanenitrile (90 % ee, 39 % isolated yield) and (S)‐5‐(chloromethyl)‐4, 5‐dihydroisoxazole (99 % ee, 39 % isolated yield) was developed by site‐saturated mutagenesis on aldoxime dehydratase derived from Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 (OxdA). The positive mutant (OxdA‐L318I, E=68) improved the enantiomeric ratio E by 6‐fold as compared to the wild type enzyme (OxdA‐wild, E=11). The racemic precursor of (±)‐5‐(chloromethyl)‐4, 5‐dihydroisoxazole, used in the reaction, can be synthesized from readily available allyl chloride without utilizing highly toxic cyanide. The enantiopure (S)‐5‐(chloromethyl)‐4, 5‐dihydroisoxazole remaining in the kinetic resolution can be transformed into corresponding chiral (S)‐4‐chloro‐3‐hydroxybutanenitrile without loss of enantiomeric excess by treating it with triethylamine in acetonitrile (99 % ee, 72 % isolated yield) or catalysis of OxdA‐wild enzyme (99 % ee, 88 % isolated yield).
The Influence of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on Pt Oxide Electrochemistry
Authors: Rodríguez Oliver , Denuault Guy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we employed microelectrodes and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to investigate the role of molecular oxygen and local pH changes on the electrochemistry of Pt oxide. We show that in acidic media and alkaline conditions, the impact of O2 is negligible, while in unbuffered neutral media, O2 strongly affects the formation of Pt oxides. Experiments carried under hindered diffusion reveal that this is due to a high local pH arising from the oxygen reduction reaction. This is evidenced by the appearance, at very positive potentials, of a diffusion controlled wave consistent with the oxidation of OH−. The ORR produces a sufficiently alkaline environment near the electrode to promote the formation of oxide at much more negative potentials than anticipated from the bulk pH. As a result, the onset of oxide formation overlaps the onset of oxygen reduction and it is impossible to obtain a Pt surface free from oxide at potentials positive of the onset of the ORR. Thus, prior exposure of the Pt surface to dissolved oxygen does not leave irreversibly adsorbed oxygen species as previously reported by our group; instead, the ORR induces a coverage of oxide at much lower potentials than determined by the bulk pH.
Rational Design of a Confacial Pentaoctahedron: Anisotropic Exchange in a Linear ZnIIFeIIIFeIIIFeIIIZnII Complex
Authors: Walleck Stephan , Atanasov Mihail , Schnack Jürgen , Bill Eckhard , Stammler Anja , Bögge Hartmut , Glaser Thorsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first confacial pentaoctahedron comprised of transition metal ions namely ZnIIFeIIIAFeIIIBFeIIIAZnII has been synthesized by using a dinucleating nonadentate ligand. The face‐sharing bridging mode enforces short ZnII⋅⋅⋅FeIIIA and FeIIIA⋅⋅⋅FeIIIB distances of 2.83 and 2.72 Å, respectively. Ab‐initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations provide significant negative zero‐field splittings for FeIIIA and FeIIIB with |DA|>|DB| with the main component along the C3 axis. Hence, a spin‐Hamiltonian comprised of anisotropic exchange, zero‐field, and Zeeman term was employed. This allowed by following the boundary conditions from the theoretical results the simulation in a theory‐guided parameter determination with Jxy=+0.37, Jz=−0.32, DA=−1.21, EA=−0.24, DB=−0.35, and EB=−0.01 cm−1 supported by simulations of high‐field magnetic Mössbauer spectra recorded at 2 K. The weak but ferromagnetic FeIIIAFeIIIB interaction arises from the small bridging angle of 84.8° being at the switch from anti‐ to ferromagnetic for the face‐sharing bridging mode.
A Novel Strategy to Design and Construct AIE‐active Mechanofluorochromic Materials via Regulation of Molecular Structure
Authors: Zheng Kaibo , Chen Hui , Xiao Yufeng , Liu Xiang , Yan Jiaying , Zhang Nuonuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, we first designed and synthesized tetraphenylene‐fused aryl‐imidazole derivatives TM‐1–4 via regulation of molecular structure, which were consisted of 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline, 1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole, 4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazole, 3,3′‐(1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐diyl)dipyridine moieties and AIE‐active tetraphenylethene units, respectively. The results illustrated that TM‐1–4 exhibited clear AIE characteristics. Meanwhile, TM‐2 and TM‐3 show excellent solid emission properties (ΦTM‐2=13.73 % and ΦTM‐3=36.21 %), whereas TM‐1 and TM‐4 exhibit the opposite properties (ΦTM‐1=1.48 % and ΦTM‐4=4.83 %). The multiple rotors (pyridine and benzene ring) causes twisted conformations of the molecule that prevents π‐π stacking and enhances solid emission(ΦTM‐2<ΦTM‐3, ΦTM‐1<ΦTM‐4). Significantly, TM‐2 and TM‐3 also exhibited reversible mechanochromic behavior (Emission red shifts: ΔλTM‐2=43 nm and ΔλTM‐3=41 nm) with color changes between blue and green emissions. The powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) suggested the disordered state of ground sample could be readily returned to an ordered crystalline. Therefore, the mechanochromisms of TM‐2 and TM‐3 are ascribable to the phase transformation between crystal and amorphous structure. The single crystal X‐ray analysis of TM‐2 reveals a twisted conformation for TPE moiety and the absence of π‐π intermolecular stacking. These excellent optical properties of TM‐2 and TM‐3 make them potentially applications in mechanochromic materials and imaging agents.
Ethical leadership and environment specific discretionary behaviour: The mediating role of green human resource management and moderating role of individual green values
Authors: Islam Talat , Hussain Dildar , Ahmed Ishfaq , Sadiq Misbah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examines the mediating role of green human resource management between ethical leadership and employees' citizenship behavior towards the environment with the moderating effect of individual green values. We collected data from 589 MBA executive students with one‐year of experience working in various organizations at two different times using a questionnaire‐based survey method. Applying structural equation modeling to the results confirmed a direct effect of ethical leadership on employees' citizenship behavior towards the environment and an indirect effect through green human resource management. Further, individual green value strengthened the association between green human resource management and employees' environmentally conscious citizenship behavior. Our study contributes to social learning and supply value‐fit theory and has implications for management.