bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UM RETRATO DAS PESQUISAS SOBRE LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE SOCIOLOGIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Bodart Cristiano das 
Published: February 2021

O artigo apresenta o estado da arte da produção manualística brasileira que toma como objeto ou fonte de pesquisa livros didáticos (ou manuais) de Ciências Sociais (Sociologia, Antropologia e Ciência Política). São analisados aspectos constituintes dessa produção, tais como perfil dos autores e das autoras, os focos das pesquisas, seus métodos, suas técnicas e principais referências. Ficou evidenciado que o volume de artigos sobre o tema em questão apresentou uma expansão a partir de 2014. As revistas onde os artigos foram publicados são, se sua maioria, qualificados em estratos inferiores na avaliação Qualis-Periódicos e localizadas nas Regiões Sudeste e Sul. Quanto ao perfil dos/as autores/as, predominam as seguintes características: a) mulheres; b) titulação de doutorado e; c) área de titulação a Sociologia. Quanto aos artigos, predominam os seguintes aspectos: a) recorte voltado à análise interna dos livros didáticos; b) tipo de pesquisas a análise de conteúdo e; c) reduzida preocupação com reflexões metodológicas do campo da manualítica. As referências são variadas, não figurando uma rede de citação interna nesse subcampo de pesquisa, já que apenas três autores são consideravelmente citados pelo conjunto de artigos publicados.
Aberrant immunophenotypic expressions in acute lymphoid leukemia: an observational analytical study
Authors: Sivakumar Monica , Basu Atoshi 
Published: February 2021

Background: This study aims to find out the expression of aberrant immunophenotypic markers in acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and to co-relate its expression with cytogenetic and molecular data.Methods: Retrospective cum prospective study was carried out in 75 patients of ALL who presented to Apollo Gleneagles hospitals, Kolkata from January 2014 and March 2019. Flow cytometry analysis was done using FC500 (Beckman coulter) All cases were classified according to latest WHO classification.Results: Out of 75 cases of ALL, 23 cases (30.67%) showed aberrant cross-lineage expression. Amongst the B-ALL cases, the most common aberrant antigen expressed were myeloid antigens 17 cases (77.27%). Aberrant T- antigens were noted in 4 cases (18.10%). Aberrant co-positivity of myeloid as well as T-antigens was seen in 1 case (4.54%). The most common aberrant myeloid antigen expressed was CD33 (77.7%) followed by CD13 (22.2%) and then CD15 (11.1%). Co-positivity of CD13 and CD33 was noted in 2 cases. CD2 and CD33 co-positivity was noted in 1 case. The most frequently expressed aberrant T-antigen was CD2 seen in 3 out of 5 cases (60%).Conclusions: In B-ALL, the most common aberration was myeloid antigen positivity followed by cross-lineage T-antigen expression. Aberrant CD33 expression was most frequently associated with t(9;22) followed by t(12;21). Aberrant CD15 was most frequently associated with t(4;11). No association with adverse hematological parameters or any significant increase in cytogenetic and molecular abnormality was noted in cases expressing aberrant antigen in comparison to cases not expressing aberrant antigens.
Effect of hot and cooled carbohydrate diet on glycemic response in healthy individuals: a cross over study
Authors: Dhar Amrit , Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Anil , Dewan Deepika 
Published: February 2021

Background: Cooling of starch after cooking is known to cause starch retrogradation which increases resistant starch content. Resistant starch cannot be digested in the gut and acts as dietary fiber. The study aimsed to determine the effect of cooling of carbohydrate rich diet on glycemic response on healthy adults.Methods: The present study was a randomized, single blind, crossover study where 20 healthy subjects were selected. Two rice preparations were used, one freshly prepared hot, second, cooked and cooled at 4°C for 12 hours. All subjects were evaluated after giving both rice preparations separately with a crossover period of 7 days. Glycemic response was checked over a period of 2 hours at various time intervals using ACCU-CHEK® Active glucometer.Results: Glycemic response with cooled white rice was better in comparison to freshly prepared hot white rice at all time points (mean±SD, 121.9±17.4 vs 128.0± 22.1 mg/dl). However, the difference in means at 30 mins was maximum and statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: Cooled white rice yields better glycemic response when consumed by healthy individuals possibly due to formation of resistant starch.
Efficacy of haemorrhoidectomy versus haemorrhoidectomy with internal sphincterotomy in treatment of haemorrhoids: a retrospective randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Selvarajan Rajasekar 
Published: February 2021

Background: Role of internal sphincterotomy along with hemorrhoidectomy in reducing the pain among the cases with hemorrhoids is still a debate among most of the surgeons. Hence this study was conducted to compare the efficacy of haemorrhoidectomy with or without internal sphincterotomy in reducing the post-operative pain among the patients with haemorrhoids. Methods: A hospital based randomized controlled trial study was conducted among the patients with haemorrhoids undergoing surgical intervention for the same in department of general surgery in Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, during the study period from July 2017 to December 2019. A total of sixty cases with haemorrhoids were included in the study. Patients in group A (n=30) underwent haemorrhoidectomy alone and group B (n=30) underwent haemorrhoidectomy along with internal sphicterectomy. Data entry was done using Microsoft excel and data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Results: In the present study, mean pain scores on first three post-operative days and the duration required to resume the normal activities was found to be low in the group who underwent haemorrhoidectomy with internal sphincterectomy compared to the group who underwent haemorrhoidectomy alone. Duration of surgical procedure and the complications were found to be similar in both haemorrhoidectomy with internal sphincterectomy group and haemorrhoidectomy alone, group. Conclusions: Haemorrhoidectomy with lateral Internal Sphincterotomy is better in terms of less pain but the complications were similar in both groups.
Efficacy of laparoscopic guided transversus abdominis plane block in post operative analgesia requirement in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Khoja Hanuman Ram , Kunchagi Dhanush Kumar , Joshi Praveen Kumar , Om Prabha 
Published: February 2021

Background: Minimal invasive surgery has many advantages. In order to maintain and control pain, one of the most effective technique is Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block technique. Aim of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of laparoscopic guided transversus abdominis plane block in post-operative analgesia requirement in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: It was a hospital based prospective interventional study. Sample size was calculated at 0.05 α error and 80% study power assuming mean difference of VAS score between TAP block +/A group and TAP block- /B group is 1 and standard deviation of VAS score 1.3 among patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of group A was 48.56 years and for group B was 43.53 years. In group A 80% patients were females and for group B 83.3% patients were females. There was significant difference in VAS score at immediate post operation, at 1 hour, at 6 hours, at 18 hours and at 24 hours as p value was <0.0001 for all these groups. The mean VAS score was recorded less in group A at all the time duration compared to group B.Conclusions: With advantages like maximum safety, efficacy, potential for lower visceral injury risk and shorter operational time and other numerous advantages (decreased analgesic requirements, etc.) laparoscopic-guided TAP block counts as an ideal abdominal field block in the patients.
Dialectical Materialist Logic of “I Will Work Selflessly and Live up to the Expectations of the People”
Authors: Li Qinghong 
Published: February 2021

<p>“I will work selflessly and live up to the expectations of the people” is the true expression of seeking happiness for the people in the new era. In the decisive year of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, further implementing the core concept of “serving the people” in the new era will promote the speed of building a well-off society. “I will work selflessly and live up to the expectations of the people” firmly takes the people as the center, which shows that our party adheres to guiding our country’s practice with the basic viewpoint of Marxism, takes the <br />people’s aspiration as the direction of individual struggle, and shows the great spirit of responsibility. Thinking “I will work selflessly and live up to the expectations of the people” with dialectical materialist logic will promote the people of the whole country to deeply understand the purpose of our party and further grasp the party’s original heart in the new era.</p>
Message from Editor
Authors: Ozcinar Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zehra 
Published: February 2021

Message from Editor
Dear Readers,
It is a great honor for us to publish fourth volume, fourth issue International Journal of Innovative Research in Education (IJIRE).
International Journal of Innovative Research in Education welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles. The journal aims to promote new innovative ideas in all fields of education.
The journal provides an international platform for researchers, managers, scientists, professionals and professors of educational sciences to publish high quality refereed papers comprising comprehensive leading trends of education.
Topics on use of ICT for easier, faster and better acquiring of knowledge, the need for civic engagement and competency in higher education in Lebanon, the transition to architecture from a different professional field in profession search and alternative education approaches and their effects on the learning space are included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. We will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in the next volume.
A total number of sixteen (16) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of four (4) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication for this issue.
We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.
Best regards,
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zehra Ozcinar
Editor â€“ in Chief
The need for civic engagement and competency in higher education in Lebanon
Authors: Joudi Nadine , Chehimi Ghada 
Published: February 2021

Lebanon has always been unstable on the political and the national security levels. The youth in Lebanon did not have the privilege of stability to engage in civic activities and become active citizens. The youth need to collaborate with adults to explore different issues and opportunities to develop civic engagement in their own society. This study is an exploratory research which reveals the need for constructive plans in higher education in Lebanon that will lead youth to civic engagement and competence. It also focuses on exploring the existence of university curriculum that fosters the actual implementation of civic engagement and civic competency programmes. Data were collected using a qualitative framework. University studentsâ€™ civic competency, knowledge, skills, participation in civic engagement, attitudes and efficacy are assessed by using focus group discussions with students and instructors. The research outcomes provide a foundation for the sustainable interventions through the development of a university curriculum.

Keywords: Civic engagement, civic competency, Lebanon.
Application of a Halo Fixator for the Treatment of Pediatric Spinal Deformity
Authors: Shaw K. Aaron , Griffith Matthew , Schmitz Michael L. , Brahma Barunashish , Fletcher Nicholas D. , Murphy Joshua S. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
In spine surgery, the halo fixator was initially utilized to stabilize cervical fusions in patients with poliomyelitis. More recently, the indications for halo fixation have evolved to include stabilization and definitive treatment for upper cervical spine injuries (Jefferson fractures, atlanto-occipital dissociations, odontoid fractures, etc.), treatment of atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, stabilization of long cervical fusions, and preoperative traction. In the realm of pediatric spinal deformity, halo fixation has proved to be a valuable resource for severe or neglected spinal deformities. In this video article, we demonstrate the application of a halo fixator in a pediatric patient with severe scoliosis.

Description:
The procedure includes appropriate pin placement in the safe zones of the skull performed under either general anesthesia or local anesthesia. Pins are secured to a halo frame that is sized to be 2 cm larger than the circumference of the skull and are tightened according to age-specific torque guidelines.

Alternatives:
Alternative treatments vary from cervical spine immobilization to definitive surgical treatment in the spine, or even spinal osteotomies, depending on the underlying spinal pathology.

Rationale:
The halo fixator works by limiting motion of the cervical spine in flexion, extension, and axial rotation. The halo is also able to control and correct translational injuries of the cervical spine. In the setting of spinal deformity, the halo fixator can also be utilized to overcome the effects of gravity and lengthen the spine.

Expected Outcomes:
For spinal deformities, the halo fixator can be expected to lengthen the spine and increase deformity flexibility prior to definitive surgical treatment in the spine or growth-friendly spinal instrumentation.

Important Tips:

Correct identification of safe zones for pin placement is vital to correct pin placement.For pediatric patients, it is important to obtain fixation with a minimum of 6 to 8 pins.Pins should be tightened with use of a torque-limiting wrench, up to no more than 1 in/lb (55.9 mm/kg) per year of age, up to a maximum of 8 in/lb (447.9 mm/kg).Applied traction should be a maximum of 50% of the body weight of the patient.Neurovascular examination is vital following application of weight.
Magnitude of Undernutrition and associated factors among children with cardiac disease in University of Gondar hospital, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Asrade Mulat , Shehibo Abdulkadir , Tigabu Zemene 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Undernutrition and cardiac disease are interconnected in a vicious cycle. Children with cardiac disease suffer with different degree of undernutrition resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to assess magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among children with cardiac disease in University of Gondar hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Method: Hospital based quantitative cross-sectional study conducted among 269 children with cardiac disease visiting University of Gondar specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Data was collected by using a pretested self-administered structured questionnaire and medical records of the patients. All participants who fulfill the inclusion criteria were included. The data analysed by using binary logistic regression model. Variables with p-value ≤ 0.2 in bivariate analysis were fitted to the final multivariable analysis and those variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered as having statistically significant association to the outcome variable. AOR and 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess the strength of association between the variables. Result: Of the 269 study participants, 177(65.7%) of them were having undernutrition. 54.5% were underweight, 39.7% were stunted, and 53.9 % were wasted. The result showed that having pulmonary hypertension[AOR =3.82, (95%CI 1.80, 8.10)], NYHA/modified Ross class III and IV heart failure[AOR=4.64(1.69, 12.72)] and cardiac chamber enlargement [ AOR=2.91(1.45, 5.66)] were significantly associated with undernutrition. Conclusion: There is high burden of undernutrition among children with cardiac diseases in the study area. Nutritional management and dietary counseling besides early detection and treatment of the underlying heart disease improves the nutritional status of children with cardiac diseases.
Definition and Validation of a Risk-Stratification Model for Probable or Proven COVID-19 Patients in Emergency Departments: The Revised HOME-CoV Score.
Authors: Delphine Douillet , Jérémie Riou , Francois Morin , Rafaël Mahieu , Anthony Chauvin , Stéphane Gennai , Lionel Ferrant , Raphaëlle Lopez , Mustapha Sebbane , Gaëtan Plantefeve , Christian Brice , Coralie Cayeux , Thomas Moumneh , Dominique Savary , Andrea Penaloza , Pierre-Marie Roy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The HOME-CoV rule is a list of clinical criteria defined by experts’ consensus, qualifying patients with probable or proven COVID-19 for home treatment when negative. The aims were to define and validate a revised HOME-CoV score, optimizing the original rule. Definition of the revised HOME-CoV score using logistic regression in a prospective multicenter cohort and validation in another cohort of patients who presented to the emergency department with proven or probable COVID-19. The main outcome was non-invasive or invasive ventilation or all-cause death within the 7 days following inclusion. Two threshold values were defined using a sensitivity of > 0.9 and a specificity of > 0.9 to identify low-risk patients and high-risk patients, respectively. The revised HOME-CoV score included seven clinical criteria. In the definition cohort (n=1696), the AUC was 87.6 (95% CI 84.7 to 90.6). The cutoffs to define low-risk and high-risk patients were <2 and >3, respectively. In the validation cohort (n=1304), the AUC was 85.8 (95% CI 80.6 to 91.0) and 85.5 (95% CI 76.8 to 94.1) in the subgroup of patients with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2. A score of < 2 qualified 73% of patients as low risk with a sensitivity of 0.84 (0.66-0.95) and a negative predictive value of 0.99 (0.99-1.00). The revised HOME-CoV score compared favorably with the original rule and other models. The revised HOME-CoV score may allow accurate risk stratification and safely qualify for home treatment, a significant proportion of patients with probable or proven COVID-19.
Factors Influencing International and Domestic Dentists’ Interest in Advanced Periodontal Education
Authors: Silva Andre Paes Batista da , Saqqal Hazem , Guirguis Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The enrollment of international periodontal students in U.S. dental schools has been increasing in recent years. Interest in applying to a periodontics specialty program may differ between U.S and international dental school graduates. The purpose of this study is to assess, from the perspective of periodontal residents, (1) factors that interest dental students to apply to periodontics programs and (2) differences in background and interest between U.S and international graduates. Methods: A 20-question survey was sent out electronically to periodontics residents. The survey questions were designed to obtain information on the participants’ backgrounds, factors that influenced them to specialize in periodontics, and their preferred features of graduate periodontics programs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for socio-demographic variables, a Wilcoxon two sample test to compare mean Likert scale scores, and Fisher’s exact test for associations between comparison groups. Results: Of the 200 hundred residents invited to participate, 28% responded. The majority of the respondents stated that interest in implantology, previous exposure to periodontal procedures, interest in improving periodontal surgery skills, a good relationship with periodontics faculty, the residency curriculum, advanced program and faculty reputation as influencing factors in selecting periodontics as specialization. The majority of international graduates have up to $50,000 dollars in student debt; by comparison, half of the domestic graduates have a debt of over $250,000 dollars (p ≤ 0.05). Working experience as a dentist was significantly greater among international residents (73%) in comparison to U.S graduates (32%). In contrast with international graduates, U.S graduates more frequent reported that good relationships with the periodontics predoctoral faculty contributed to their interest in periodontics (p ≤ 0.05). Program cost and location had a greater impact on the decision of U.S. graduates than international graduates (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusions: Overall, factors associated with personal finance and predoctoral education have a greater impact on the decision of American graduates than international graduates to pursue an advanced education in periodontics, which may influence the increased enrollment of international students.
Accelerated clearing and molecular labeling of biological tissues using magnetohydrodynamic force
Authors: Dwyer Joseph , Ramirez M. Desmond , Katz Paul S. , Karlstrom Rolf O. , Bergan Joseph F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Techniques used to clear biological tissue for fluorescence microscopy are essential to connect anatomical principles at levels ranging from subcellular to the whole animal. Here we report a simple and straightforward approach to efficiently render opaque tissue samples transparent and show that this approach can be modified to rapidly label intact tissue samples with antibodies for large volume fluorescence microscopy. This strategy applies a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) force to accelerate the removal of lipids from tissue samples at least as large as an intact adult mouse brain. We also show that MHD force can be used to accelerate antibody penetration into tissue samples. This strategy complements a growing array of tools that enable high-resolution 3-dimensional anatomical analyses in intact tissues using fluorescence microscopy. MHD-accelerated clearing is simple, fast, reliable, inexpensive, provides thermal regulation, and is compatible with existing strategies for high-quality fluorescence microscopy of intact tissues.
Rotation as a Source of Accelerating Expansion of the Universe
Authors: Szummer Andrzej 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Assuming a hypothesis, that the universe is rotating from the very beginning – as soon as it appeared- creates new possibilities to explain accelerating expansion of the universe. A spinning universe is under the action of two enormous forces: gravitational force and centrifugal force. The difference between the two forces has been shown to give the resultant force that causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate. Applying classical mechanics as a method, I calculated the magnitude of this acceleration, the time when it appeared and how it changes over time. By applying only recognized cosmological parameters, interesting results were obtained that can be checked with astronomical observations. The presence of acceleration of expansion causes the rate of expansion of the universe to continue to increase, which is consistent with astronomical observations. However, the speed of this increase in the rate of expansion becomes slower over time.