bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of C-reactive protein for radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis in dependence on genetic determinants of fibrin clot formation and fibrinolysis
Authors: Hoppe Berthold , Schwedler Christian , Haibel Hildrun , Verba Maryna , Proft Fabian , Protopopov Mikhail , Heuft Hans-Gert , Rios Rodriguez Valeria , Edelmann Anke , Rudwaleit Martin , Sieper Joachim , Poddubnyy Denis 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveGenetic determinants of fibrin clot formation and fibrinolysis have an impact on local and systemic inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to assess whether coagulation-related genotypes affect the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in regards of radiographic spinal progression in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsTwo hundred and eight patients with axSpA from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort were characterised for genotypes of α-fibrinogen, β-fibrinogen (FGB) and γ-fibrinogen, factor XIII A-subunit (F13A) and α2-antiplasmin (A2AP). The relation between CRP levels and radiographic spinal progression defined as worsening of the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) by ≥2 points over 2 years was assessed in dependence on the respective genetic background in logistic regression analyses.ResultsOverall, CRP was associated with mSASSS progression ≥2 points: time-averaged CRP ≥10 mg/L, OR: 3.32, 95% CI 1.35 to 8.13. After stratification for coagulation-related genotypes, CRP was strongly associated with mSASSS progression in individuals predisposed to form loose, fibrinolysis-susceptible fibrin clots (FGB rs1800790GG, OR: 6.86, 95% CI 2.08 to 22.6; A2AP 6Trp, OR: 5.86, 95% CI 1.63 to 21.0; F13A 34Leu, OR: 8.72, 95% CI 1.69 to 45.1), while in genotypes predisposing to stable fibrin clots, the association was absent or weak (FGB rs1800790A, OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.14 to 4.84; A2AP 6Arg/Arg, OR: 1.47, 95% CI 0.35 to 6.19; F13A 34Val/Val, OR: 1.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 5.71).ConclusionsElevated CRP levels seem to be clearly associated with radiographic spinal progression only if patients are predisposed for loose fibrin clots with high susceptibility to fibrinolysis.
Centrality, transverse momentum and collision energy dependence of the Tsallis parameters in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Nath Patra Rajendra , Mohanty Bedangadas , Nayak Tapan K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of matter created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions have been studied in the framework of the non-extensive Tsallis statistics. The transverse momentum ($$p_\mathrm{T}$$

p
T

) spectra of identified charged particles (pions, kaons, protons) and all charged particles from the available experimental data of Au-Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies and Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies are fitted by the Tsallis distribution. The fit parameters, q and T, measure the degree of deviation from an equilibrium state and the effective temperature of the thermalized system, respectively. The $$p_\mathrm{T}$$

p
T

spectra are well described by the Tsallis distribution function from peripheral to central collisions for the wide range of collision energies, from $$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$$

s
NN

= 7.7 GeV to 5.02 TeV. The extracted Tsallis parameters are found to be dependent on the particle species, collision energy, centrality, and fitting ranges in $$p_\mathrm{T}$$

p
T

. For central collisions, both q and T depend strongly on the fit ranges in $$p_\mathrm{T}$$

p
T

. For most of the collision energies, q remains almost constant as a function of centrality, whereas T increases from peripheral to central collisions. For a given centrality, q systematically increases as a function of collision energy, whereas T has a decreasing trend. A profile plot of q and T with respect to collision energy and centrality shows an anti-correlation between the two parameters.
Evaluation of the Risk of Clinical Deterioration among Inpatients with COVID-19
Authors: Costa Víctor O. , Nicolini Eveline M. , da Costa Bruna M. A. , Teixeira Fabrício M. , Ferreira Júlia P. , Moura Marcos A. , Montessi Jorge , Campos Rogério L. , Guaraldo Andrea N. , Costa Patrícia M. 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to assess the risk of severe forms of COVID-19, based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging markers in patients initially admitted to the ward. This is a retrospective observational study, with data from electronic medical records of inpatients, with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19, between March and September 2020, in a hospital from Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil. Participants (n = 74) were separated into two groups by clinical evolution: those who remained in the ward and those who progressed to the ICU. Mann–Whitney U test was taken for continuous variables and the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Comparing the proposed groups, lower values of lymphocytes (

p

= <0.001) and increases in serum creatinine (

p

= 0.009), LDH (

p

= 0.057), troponin (

p

= 0.018), IL-6 (

p

= 0.053), complement C4 (

p

= 0.040), and CRP (

p

= 0.053) showed significant differences or statistical tendency for clinical deterioration. The average age of the groups was 47.9 ± 16.5 and 66.5 ± 7.3 years (

p

= 0.001). Hypertension (

p

= 0.064), heart disease (

p

= 0.048), and COPD (

p

= 0.039) were more linked to ICU admission, as well as the presence of tachypnea on admission (

p

= 0.051). Ground-glass involvement >25% of the lung parenchyma or pleural effusion on chest CT showed association with evolution to ICU (

p

= 0.027), as well as bilateral opacifications (

p

= 0.030) when compared to unilateral ones. Laboratory, clinical, and imaging markers may have significant relation with worse outcomes and the need for intensive treatment, being helpful as predictive factors.
Residual β-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes Followed for 2 Years after 3C Study
Authors: Lin Kun , Yang Xiaoping , Wu Yixi , Chen Shuru , Zeng Qiong 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To investigate the natural history and related factors of the pancreatic β-cell function in Chinese type 1 diabetic patients from 3C study Shantou center. Method. Stimulated C-peptide levels from follow-up data of 201 individuals in 3C study Shantou subgroup starting in 2012 were used. Residual β-cell function was defined as stimulated

C
−
peptide

level
≥
0.2

pmol
/
mL

, on the basis of cut-points derived from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Results. 36.8% of patients had residual β-cell function, and the percentage was 68.2% in newly diagnosed diabetic patients. COX regression analysis indicated that the age of diagnosis, HbA1C level, and duration were independent factors of residual β-cell function in individuals with ≤5 years duration, but in those with duration ≥5 years, only the age of diagnosis was a predictor. The pancreatic β-cell function mainly declined in the first 5 years of the duration, and the rate of decline was correlated negatively with the duration and age of diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the cut-off point of stimulated C-peptide was 0.615 pmol/mL in patients with <5 years duration to have 7% HbA1c. Conclusion. Age at diagnosis was the strongest predictor for residual C-peptide. There was a more rapid decline of stimulated C-peptide in duration ≤5 years and younger patients. Therefore, intervention therapies of β-cells should start from the early stage, and the recommended target goal of stimulated C-peptide is 0.615 pmol/mL or above.
Defective Flow-Migration Coupling Causes Arteriovenous Malformations in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Park Hyojin , Furtado Jessica , Poulet Mathilde , Chung Minhwan , Yun Sanguk , Lee Sungwoon , Sessa William C. , Franco Claudio A. , Schwartz Martin A. , Eichmann Anne 
Published: June 2021

Background:

Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is an endothelial transmembrane serine threonine kinase receptor for BMP family ligands that plays a critical role in cardiovascular development and pathology. Loss-of-function mutations in the
ALK1
gene cause type 2 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, a devastating disorder that leads to arteriovenous malformations. Here, we show that ALK1 controls endothelial cell polarization against the direction of blood flow and flow-induced endothelial migration from veins through capillaries into arterioles.

Methods:

Using Cre lines that recombine in different subsets of arterial, capillary-venous, or endothelial tip cells, we show that capillary-venous
Alk1
deletion was sufficient to induce arteriovenous malformation formation in the postnatal retina.

Results:

ALK1 deletion impaired capillary-venous endothelial cell polarization against the direction of blood flow in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, ALK1-deficient cells exhibited increased integrin signaling interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which enhanced downstream YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. Pharmacologic inhibition of integrin or YAP/TAZ signaling rescued flow migration coupling and prevented vascular malformations in
Alk1
-deficient mice.

Conclusions:
Our study reveals ALK1 as an essential driver of flow-induced endothelial cell migration and identifies loss of flow-migration coupling as a driver of arteriovenous malformation formation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia disease. Integrin-YAP/TAZ signaling blockers are new potential targets to prevent vascular malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Animation, Theory of Mind and Humanoid Robots: Creating a Social Robot Video Task
Authors: O’Reilly Ziggy , Silvera-Tawil David , Zurr Ionat , Tan Diana Weiting 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM)—a social cognitive ability commonly underdeveloped in individuals with autism—is necessary to attribute mental states to oneself and others. Research into robot-assisted interventions to improve ToM ability in children with autism has become increasingly popular. However, no appropriate task currently exists to measure the degree of efficacy of robot-assisted interventions targeting ToM ability. The authors demonstrate how animation techniques and principles can be leveraged to develop and produce videos of humanoid robots interacting, which could selectively measure ToM.
Beyond Service-Subordination: Materials Experimentation in an Art-Science Collaboration
Authors: Robbins Amy S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The author examines the Specialty Glass Residency, an art-science collaboration administered by Corning Incorporated and the Corning Museum of Glass in upstate New York. While the aesthetic and communicative function of art has been an important dimension in characterizations of art-science, scholarship has also demonstrated the value of art as a practice of inquiry. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, the author examines an artist’s research and development contributions and argues that the residency’s focus on materials generates reciprocal benefits for artists and scientists and opens the door to different possibilities in making and experimentation.
The Flesh of Imagination: Locating Materiality in Biology-Inspired Visual Art
Authors: Sarkar Asmita , Blaney Aileen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, the authors explore the sensuous and material dimensions of artworks inspired by biological science. They use Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s concept of “flesh” to reflect upon the embodied processes of understanding that unfold during a viewer’s initial encounter with an artwork. Using Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception and the work of selected artists based in India who engage with biology and botany the authors locate the sensing body in a reciprocal relationship with these artists’ works.
Art as a Future-Generating Machine: Rheinberger’s Experimentalism in Practice-Based Arts Methodologies
Authors: Tower Ash 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article explores the potential syntheses between practice-based arts research methodologies and historian of science Hans-Jörg Rheinberger’s framing of the scientific “experiment.” Rheinberger offers the experiment as a “future-generating machine” resulting from material discursive processes enacted as “repetition with difference.” This framing of epistemological development has applications in practice-based methodologies through their simultaneous execution of action and reflection, as well as the importance of “surprise” in experimental practice.
On Conceptualising African Diasporas in Europe
Authors: McEachrane Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article argues that there are three senses of the term African diaspora – a continental, a cultural and a racial sense – which need to be distinguished from each other when conceptualising Black African diasporas in Europe. Although African Diaspora Studies is occupied with African diasporas in a racial sense, usually it has conceptualised these in terms of racial and cultural identities. This is also true of the past decades of African Diaspora Studies on Europe. This article makes an argument for a socio-political conceptualisation of Black African diasporas in Europe that includes, but goes beyond, matters of identity and culture.
Meeting the Chimera: How the cedaw Can Address Digital Discrimination
Authors: Krupiy Tetyana (Tanya) 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article analyses what is distinct about the manner in which the delegation of the decision-making task to an artificial intelligence system produces harm from the standpoint of the prohibition of discrimination. It explores the manner in which the context of digital discrimination challenges the application of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (cedaw). The article suggests how the subject matter of cedaw may be rethought to enable it to respond to digital discrimination. It formulates a legal test which can be added to the existing toolbox without the need to amend the treaty. The article offers approaches to interpreting cedaw teleologically in order to enable it to remain relevant in the face of technological innovation.
Interdecadal Variations of Different Types of Summer Heat Waves in Northeast China Associated with AMO and PDO
Authors: Yang Xiaoye , Zeng Gang , Zhang Guwei , Li Jingwei , Li Zhongxian , Hao Zhixin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe summer heat waves (HWs) in Northeast China (NEC) during 1961–2016 can be classified into two types, namely, wave train HWs and blocking HWs based on the hierarchical clustering algorithm by using ERA-Interim daily datasets. Wave train HWs occurred accompanied by eastward-moving wave trains with a “− + − +” structure formed over Eurasia, while the blocking HWs occurred with blocking circulation anomalies over Eurasia. In general, the blocking HWs could cause the positive temperature anomalies in NEC to last longer than wave train HWs. During the period from 1961 to 2016, the wave train HWs experienced an interdecadal variation from less to more, while the blocking HWs experienced interdecadal variations of less–more–less. Regression analysis and information flow indicate that the interdecadal variation of the wave train HWs is associated with Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), while the interdecadal variation of the blocking HWs is more likely associated with PDO. The positive phase of AMO (negative phase of PDO) could increase the wave train (blocking) HWs by strengthening the zonal wave train similar to the Silk Road pattern (the arched wave train like the polar–Eurasian pattern). The observed results are in agreement with the numerical experiments with the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.3.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Middle-income Countries
Authors: Dasgupta Sukti , Dierckxsens Mauricio , Verick Sher 
Published: June 2021

Coming on top of long-term employment challenges, the COVID-19 crisis has severely impacted economies around the world. Due to the nature of their labour markets, middle-income countries (MICs), including India, have experienced greater employment declines than advanced economies. Some sectors have been hit harder than others, while certain groups—including women, youth, migrants and those in the informal economy—have felt the brunt of the crisis even more strongly. The crisis has raised unemployment and, even more, has also pushed many out of the labour force, raising inactivity. Overall, the crisis has exacerbated existing inequalities in countries and across countries. The major challenge for MICs is to finance the continuing efforts to battle the crisis while shifting to a job-rich and inclusive recovery. Key lessons have already emerged, which are relevant for India and other developing countries, including the importance of building a more resilient and inclusive labour market through strong institutions and policies. JEL Codes: E24, E60, G01, J08, J60
‘Who’ or ‘what’ is the rule of law?
Authors: Winter Steven L. 
Published: June 2021

The standard account of the relation between democracy and the rule of law focuses on law’s liberty-enhancing role in constraining official action. This is a faint echo of the complex, constitutive relation between the two. The Greeks used one word – isonomia – to describe both. If democracy is the system in which people have an equal say in determining the rules that govern social life, then the rule of law is simultaneously before, after, concurrent and synonymous with democracy: It contributes to the formation of citizens with the capacity for self-governance, serves as the instrument through which democratic decisions are implemented, functions as one of the central social practices that constitute citizens as equals and addresses the question of how to ensure that government by the people operates for the people. The rule of law has many independently valuable qualities, including impartiality and predictability. But, to valorise the rule of law for its own sake is to fetishize authority. The fundamental values of the rule of law are as the instrument of democratic self-governance and the expression of the equal dignity of all persons. Democracy thus entails the rule of law, but both implicate the yet more comprehensive ideal of equality. Core rule-of-law values require political norms and conditions of equality, generality and comprehensiveness. In a modern, differentiated society, however, the constitutive relation between democracy and the rule of law is fractured and law becomes the agent of authority. Courts in the modern constitutional state have contributed to the decline of rule-of-law values, supporting role specialization through judge-made immunity doctrines that protect officials at all levels. The crisis of police violence against minorities is a symptom of this breakdown. Greater accountability can ameliorate the problem. But an effective solution requires the fair and equal distribution of political power.
Landscape of Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts Grant Recipients Over the Past Decade
Authors: Roy Savannah C. , Wassef David W. , Nasser Wissam A. , Farber Nicole I. , Fang Christina H. , Baredes Soly , Gray Stacey T. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the demographics of CORE grant recipients (Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts) over the last decade and evaluate disparity among recipients as compared with otolaryngology overall. To assess whether procurement of a grant predicts pursuit of an academic career.Study DesignAnalysis of grant recipients’ bibliometrics.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsThe list of recipients of grants from 2010 to 2019 was obtained from the website of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Demographics of recipients were collected through an internet search, including gender, race, residency program, and h‐index. Recipients from 2010 were searched to determine current academic faculty rank. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare these factors with otolaryngology overall.ResultsThe distribution of gender among recipients over the last decade remained nearly constant, with no significant difference versus residents in otolaryngology (P >. 05). However, there were significantly more female recipients when adjusted for gender differences in the field overall (P <. 01). Asians were relatively overrepresented, while Black and Hispanic residents were underrepresented (P <. 01). Many recipients (52.6%) trained at institutions recognized as the best training programs with reputations for quality research output. The h‐index of recipients decreased over the last decade (P <. 01). The h‐index of duplicate winners was significantly higher than those of nonduplicate winners (P <. 01). After adjusting for gender and rank, recipients were significantly more likely to hold academic positions (P <. 01).ConclusionCORE grants are favorably distributed as related to gender and racial disparities, and recipients frequently go on to achieve high levels of academic success.
Early Lactate-Guided Resuscitation of Elderly Septic Patients
Authors: Chen Hui , Xu Jiangqing , Wang Xia , Wang Yaxuan , Tong Fei 
Published: June 2021

Background: Early lactate-guided resuscitation was endorsed in the guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign as a key strategy to decrease the mortality of patients admitted to the ICU department with septic shock. However, its effectiveness in elderly Asian patients is uncertain. Method: We conducted a single-center trial to test the effectiveness of the early lactate-guided resuscitation of older Asian patients at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Eligible septic shock patients who consented to participation in the study were randomly assigned to receive early lactate-guided treatment or regular treatment as controls. Result: A total of 82 patients met the hyperlactatemia criteria and participated in the trial. Forty-two patients received early lactate-guided treatment (lactate group) and 40 received regular treatment (control group). The lactate group received more fluids at initial 6 hours (3.3 ± 1.4 vs 2.4 ± 1.7 L, P = 0.01), but similar proportions of patients in both groups required the use of vasopressors and vasodilators. Patients in the lactate group showed significantly reduced ICU needs compared to the control group, which were weaned from mechanical ventilation more quickly (median 7, IQR 4 to 14 vs median 9, IQR 4.3 to 17.8, P = 0.02) and transferred out of the ICU earlier (median 4.5, IQR 2.8 to 7.3 vs median 6, IQR 3.2 to 8, P = 0.01). However, the hospital mortality (35.7% vs 42.5%, P = 0.35) and ICU mortality (31.0% vs 37.5%, P = 0.38) for both groups were not reduced. Conclusion: For critically ill patients (elderly Asian patients) admitted to the ICU department with hyperlactatemia, early lactate-guided treatment reduced ICU needs but did not reduce mortality.