bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on W‐band high‐gain magneto‐electric dipole antenna based on double‐sided gap waveguide
Authors: Wang Hao , Cao Jianyin , Ye Zhongtian , Quan Yu , Tao Shifei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a W‐band magneto‐electric (ME) dipole antenna fed by double‐sided gap waveguide (DSGWG) feeding network is presented. The ME dipole antenna element is designed based on the end‐fire DSGWG and extended ridge with pins. The end‐fire open slot of DSGWG radiate as a magnetic dipole, and the metallic pins in extended ridge radiate as electric dipoles. Taking advantage of this DSGWG structure, the antenna element achieves with high gain and wide bandwidth performances. The antenna element is fabricated and measured with an impedance matching bandwidth of 85–110 GHz for |S11| < −10 dB, and maximum realized gain of 9.2 dBi. A four‐way feeding network based on the DSGWG is designed and connected directly to the ME dipole antennas. The antenna array with ease integration and fabrication properties is designed to validate the performance of antenna elements. The measured average realized gain of the antenna array reaches up to 15.3 dBi over the bandwidth of 88–110 GHz.
Hydraulic fracturing of weak rock during waterflooding
Authors: Detournay Emmanuel , Hakobyan Yera 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a KGD‐type model of a hydraulic fracture created by injecting fluid in weak, poorly consolidated rocks. The model is based on the key assumption that the hydraulic fracture is propagating within a domain where the hydraulic fields are quasi‐stationary. By further assuming a negligible toughness, the fracture is shown to grow as a square root of time. The asymptotic fracture propagation regimes at small and large time are constructed and the transient solution is computed by solving a nonlinear system of algebraic equations formulated in terms of the fracture aperture. At early time, the fracture is hydraulically invisible and the injection pressure increases with time as , while at late time, leak‐off from the borehole is negligible and the injection pressure decreases as . According to this model, the peak injection pressure observed when injecting fluid in weak, poorly consolidated rocks should not be interpreted as indicating a breakdown of the formation, but rather as marking the transition between two asymptotic flow regimes. The timescale that legislates the transition between the small and large time asymptotic regimes is shown to be a strongly nonlinear function of a dimensionless injection rate.
In vivo functional validation of the V402L voltage gated sodium channel mutation in the malaria vector An. gambiae
Authors: Williams Jessica , Cowlishaw Ruth , Sanou Antoine , Ranson Hilary , Grigoraki Linda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPyrethroids are the most widely used insecticides for the control of malaria transmitting Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes and rapid increase in resistance to this insecticide class is of major concern. Pyrethroids target the Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs), that have a key role in the normal function of the mosquitoes' nervous system. VGSC mutations L995F and L995S have long been associated with pyrethroid resistance and screening for their presence is routine in insecticide resistance management programs. Recently, a VGSC haplotype containing two amino acid substitutions associated with resistance in other species, V402L and I1527T, was identified. These two VGSC mutations are found in tight linkage and are mutually exclusive to the classical L995F/S mutations.RESULTSWe identify the presence of the V402L‐I1527T haplotype in resistant An. coluzzii colonized strains and in field populations from Burkina Faso, at frequencies higher than previously reported; in some cases almost reaching fixation. Functional validation of V402L in insecticide resistance using a CRISPR/Cas9 genome modified line showed that it confers reduced mortality after exposure to all tested pyrethroids and DDT, but at lower levels compared to L995F. In contrast to L995F however, no fitness costs were identified for mosquitoes carrying V402L under laboratory conditions.CONCLUSIONThe V402L substitution confers pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae in the absence of any other VGSC substitution and/or alternative resistance mechanisms. The lower fitness cost associated with this kdr mutation may provide a selective advantage over the classical kdr in some settings and genotyping at this locus should be added in the list of resistant alleles for routine screening.
Stability evaluation in process mean using Bayesian statistics and information theory
Authors: Takemoto Yasuhiko , Arizono Ikuo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAt the start of new operation, a production process is commonly unstable. Then, a process condition is into being stable gradually over time. For the purpose of shifting to mass production, the stability in a process should be evaluated. This paper proposes a method of evaluating the process stability based on Bayesian statistics and information theory. In Bayesian statistics, the knowledge for a process is renewed by deriving posterior distribution based on current prior distribution and observations. Here, equivalency between prior and posterior distributions could be considered to be a criterion for the stability in a process. It is needed to define difference between prior and posterior distributions in order to evaluate the equivalency between prior and posterior distributions. We first formulate the relation between the prior distribution and the posterior distribution for process mean using Bayesian statistics. Secondly, we evaluate the difference between the both distributions based on Kullback‐Leibler (K‐L) divergence in information theory. Finally, some numerical examples in the method of evaluating the stability in process mean are illustrated. Also, we discuss about a decision rule for the stability in process mean through the numerical investigation.
The impact of the complexing agent on the sensitivity of collision‐induced dissociation spectra to fatty acid position for a set of XYZ‐type triglycerides
Authors: Gazlay William , Evans Jason J. 
Published: November 2021

RationaleThe development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of triglycerides (TAGs) based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) continues to be pursued. This work evaluates the positional sensitivities of the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) spectra of a representative set of XYZ triglycerides using sodium, lithium, and ammonium salts as complexing agents.MethodsA set of triglycerides were synthesized and analyzed via ESI‐MS/MS using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Using three different complexing agents, the product ion spectra of the corresponding precursor ions for twelve XYZ TAGs were collected, where X, Y, and Z represent C16:0, C18:1(c‐9), C18:2(cc‐9,12), and C20:4(cccc‐5,8,11,14) fatty acid chains. These data were then used to prepare ternary plots for four positional isomer systems to evaluate the positional sensitivity differences among the three different complexing agents.ResultsThe positional sensitivities for each of the four positional isomer systems were robust for the sodium and lithium adducts. The CID data for the sodium and lithium TAGs demonstrated an unfavorable loss of the fatty acid in the center position and showed a higher sensitivity to fatty acid position, when compared with the CID data for ammonium adducts, especially for the arachidonic acid containing triglycerides.ConclusionsThe data shows that that the relative abundances of the DAG product ions for the XYZ‐type TAGs when using sodium and lithium complexing agent adducts are sensitive to fatty acid position and are consistent for the diverse array of TAGs studied in this work. This suggests that using sodium or lithium as the complexing agent may be advantageous for the development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of complex TAG mixtures based on ESI‐MS/MS.
Competing on freemium: Digital competition with network effects
Authors: Boudreau Kevin J. , Jeppesen Lars Bo , Miric Milan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch Summary“Freemium” product strategies—where a free basic version of a product is offered alongside a full “premium” paid version—are often used by companies to attempt to increase the size of their user base and benefit from network effects. However, there is limited empirical evidence of how using freemium strategies impacts firm revenues. We empirically investigate how the strengthening of network effects on the Apple App Store influenced product sales of firms using freemium strategies, contrasting the impacts on both market leaders and followers. We find that stronger network effects did not on their own lead to greater revenues for market leaders with respect to followers. However, in settings where freemium strategies were used, network effects greatly amplified the advantage of leaders over followers.Managerial SummaryFreemium strategies are increasingly common as a way for firms to increase the number of users and benefit from network effects. However, there has not been much empirical investigation in this regard, particularly in cases where products using freemium strategies face competition. In this article, we investigate how a policy by Apple on the App Store that led to stronger network effects, impacted the performance of market leaders and followers depending on whether they used freemium or not. We find that it led to an increase in revenues of leaders over followers (effectively, market dominance) but only when freemium strategies were used. The analysis demonstrates an interplay the between business model and network effects. In addition, it shows how stronger network effects and freemium strategies only benefitted market leaders in our setting.
Rethinking agency—The 2022 agenda for the systems community
Authors: Klein Louis , Buckle Pamela , Nguyen Nam , Preiser Rika , Ison Ray 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFive clusters of concern arising from IFSR‐facilitated conversations with its organisational members are used to invite the broader systems community to rethink agency. It is argued that by addressing the cluster elements, potential will be co‐created for the systems community as a whole to help citizens venture beyond failing responses to the global problematique and the Anthropocene‐creating thinking in which we humans are trapped. The five clusters are as follows:

Exploring the in‐between: Growing a shared understanding is going beyond a competition of ideas or a clash of concepts. It is a joint exploration of the unknown in‐between.
Including the excluded: Systems research happens in open research ecosystems, not in disciplinary silos. It is transdisciplinary and constitutes a global discourse.
Living questions: Questions shape paradigms. Transcending paradigms starts from allowing the questions to have their own life, to grow and to dissolve, to improve and to transform.
Going beyond systems literacy: Learning to speak systems is one thing, proficiency in systems thinking, systems doing and systems being another. There is a difference between knowing and understanding that we may address as systems wisdom.
Rethinking agency: Agency goes from ego to eco, from me to we. Yet, it is not an either–or; it is ego and eco, me and we. To understand agency, we need to understand the ‘and’.
Reversal of stem cell‐derived hypertrophic adipocytes mediated by photobiomodulation (1064 nm)
Authors: McColloch Andrew , Liu Hanli , Cho Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHypertrophic adipocytes have been implicated in the progression of obesity‐induced complications. These enlarged fat cells cause release of free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines, promote hypoxia and fibrosis and limit insulin sensitivity. Photobiomodulation (PBM), or the influence of light on biological tissues, has previously been demonstrated to reduce lipid accumulation in stem cells undergoing adipogenesis. Here, we characterize the effect of PBM on an in vitro hypertrophic obesity model and its influence on reduction of lipids and restoration to normal adipocyte function. Adipose‐derived stem cells were induced to hypertrophy with the addition of palmitic acid (PA) and was confirmed with fluorescent imaging of lipid content, and functional changes such as glucose uptake. Glucose transport into the cell was diminished and the expression of glucose transporter GLUT4 was downregulated. PBM‐treated hypertrophic cells (1064 nm and 17.6 J/cm2 every day for 7 days following addition of PA) decreased the lipid levels in hypertrophic adipocytes, restored the GLUT4 protein expression and enhanced glucose transport. Taken together, PBM is shown capable of restoring the cellular morphology and function of hypertrophic cells. This could have important clinical implication for the development of laser‐based potential therapeutic treatment of complications due to metabolic syndrome.
Accelerating wheat breeding for end‐use quality through association mapping and multivariate genomic prediction
Authors: Zhang‐Biehn Shichen , Fritz Allan K. , Zhang Guorong , Evers Byron , Regan Rebecca , Poland Jesse 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn hard‐winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding, the evaluation of end‐use quality is expensive and time‐consuming, being relegated to the final stages of the breeding program after selection for many traits including disease resistance, agronomic performance, and grain yield. In this study, our objectives were to identify genetic variants underlying baking quality traits through genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and develop improved genomic selection (GS) models for the quality traits in hard‐winter wheat. Advanced breeding lines (n = 462) from 2015–2017 were genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and evaluated for baking quality. Significant associations were detected for mixograph mixing time and bake mixing time, most of which were within or in tight linkage to glutenin and gliadin loci and could be suitable for marker‐assisted breeding. Candidate genes for newly associated loci are phosphate‐dependent decarboxylase and lipid transfer protein genes, which are believed to affect nitrogen metabolism and dough development, respectively. The use of GS can both shorten the breeding cycle time and significantly increase the number of lines that could be selected for quality traits, thus we evaluated various GS models for end‐use quality traits. As a baseline, univariate GS models had 0.25–0.55 prediction accuracy in cross‐validation and from 0 to 0.41 in forward prediction. By including secondary traits as additional predictor variables (univariate GS with covariates) or correlated response variables (multivariate GS), the prediction accuracies were increased relative to the univariate model using only genomic information. The improved genomic prediction models have great potential to further accelerate wheat breeding for end‐use quality.
Medium-term and peri-lockdown course of psychosocial burden during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study on patients with pre-existing mental disorders
Authors: Bartels Claudia , Hessmann Philipp , Schmidt Ulrike , Vogelgsang Jonathan , Ruhleder Mirjana , Kratzenberg Alexander , Treptow Marit , Reh-Bergen Thorgund , Abdel-Hamid Mona , Heß Luisa , Meiser Miriam , Signerski-Krieger Jörg , Radenbach Katrin , Trost Sarah , Schott Björn H. , Wiltfang Jens , Wolff-Menzler Claus , Belz Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile the COVID-19 pandemic continues, patients with pre-existing mental disorders are increasingly recognized as a risk group for adverse outcomes. However, data are conflicting and cover only short time spans so far. Here, we investigate the medium-term and peri-lockdown-related changes of mental health outcomes in such patients in a longitudinal study. A cohort of 159 patients comprising all major mental disorders (ICD-10 F0-F9) were interviewed twice with the Goettingen psychosocial Burden and Symptom Inventory (Goe-BSI) to evaluate psychosocial burden, psychiatric symptoms and resilience at the end of the first (April/May 2020) and the second lockdown in Germany (November/December 2020). For the primary outcome “psychosocial burden” ratings also comprised retrospective pre-pandemic (early 2020) and very early states during the pandemic (March 2020). For all diagnostic groups, psychosocial burden varied significantly over time (p < 0.001) with an increase from the pre-pandemic to the initial phase (p < 0.001), followed by a steady decrease across both lockdowns, normalizing in November/December 2020. Female gender, high adjustment disorder symptom load at baseline and psychiatric comorbidities were risk factors for higher levels and an unfavorable course of psychosocial burden. Most psychiatric symptoms changed minimally, while resilience decreased over time (p = 0.044 and p = 0.037). The longitudinal course of psychosocial burden indicates an initial stress response, followed by a return to pre-pandemic levels even under recurrent lockdown conditions, mimicking symptoms of an adjustment disorder. Strategies for proactive, specific and continuous treatment have to address resilience capacities before their depletion in the pandemic aftermath, especially for patients with additional risk factors.
Great occipital nerve long-acting steroid injections in cluster headache therapy: an observational prospective study
Authors: Merli Elena , Asioli Gian Maria , Favoni Valentina , Zenesini Corrado , Mascarella Davide , Sartori Alex , Cortelli Pietro , Cevoli Sabina , Pierangeli Giulia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Injections targeting the occipital nerve are used to reduce headache attacks and abort cluster bouts in cluster headache patients. There is no widely accepted agreement over the optimal technique of injection, type and doses of steroids and/or anesthetics to use, as well as injection regimens. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness and safety of greater occipital nerve long-acting steroid injections in the management of episodic and chronic cluster headache.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational cohort study on episodic (ECH) and chronic cluster headache patients (CCH). ECH were included in the study at the beginning of a cluster period. Three injections with 60 mg methylprednisolone were performed on alternate days. We registered the frequency and intensity of attacks three days before and 3, 7 and 30 days after the treatment, the latency of cluster relapse, adverse events, scores evaluating anxiety (Zung scale), depression (Beck’s Depression Scale) and quality of life (Disability Assessment Schedule II, 12-Item Self-Administered Version). Primary outcome was the interruption of the cluster after the three injections. Responders conducted a follow-up period of 12 months.

Results
We enrolled 60 patients, 47 with ECH and 13 with CCH. We observed a complete response in 47.8% (22/46) of episodic and 33.3% (4/12) of chronic patients. Moreover, a partial response (reduction of at least 50% of attacks) was obtained in further 10.8% (5/46) of episodic and in 33.3% (4/12) of chronic patients at 1 month. Median pain-free period was of 3 months for CCH responders. Only mild adverse events were reported in 38.3% (23/58) cases.

Conclusions
We suggest three greater occipital nerve injections of 60 mg methylprednisolone on alternate days as useful therapy in episodic and chronic cluster headache. This leads to a long pain-free period in chronic forms. Adverse effects are mild and support its use as first choice.

Trial registration
The study was inserted in AIFA observational studies register.
Relapse activity in the chronic phase of anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Misu Tatsuro , Fujihara Kazuo , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Takai Yoshiki , Nishiyama Shuhei , Kaneko Kimihiko , Fujimori Juichi , Ishii Tadashi , Aoki Masashi , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
The patterns of relapse and relapse-prevention strategies for anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are not completely investigated. We compared the patterns of relapse in later stages of MOGAD with those of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Methods
In this observational, comparative cohort study, 66 patients with MOGAD and 90 with AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD were enrolled. We compared the patterns of relapse and annualized relapse rates (ARRs) in the first 10 years from disease onset, stratified by relapse-prevention treatments.

Results
Approximately 50% of the patients with MOGAD experienced relapses in the first 10 years. Among those not undergoing relapse-prevention treatments, ARRs in the first 5 years were slightly lower in MOGAD patients than in AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD patients (MOGAD vs. AQP4-Ab NMOSD: 0.19 vs. 0.30; p = 0.0753). After 5 years, the ARR decreased in MOGAD patients (MOGAD vs. AQP4-Ab NMOSD: 0.05 vs. 0.34; p = 0.0001), with a 72% reduction from the first 5 years (p = 0.0090). Eight (61.5%) of the 13 MOGAD patients with more than 10-year follow-up from disease onset showed relapse 10 years after onset. Clustering in the timing and phenotype of attacks was observed in both disease patients. The effectiveness of long-term low-dose oral PSL for relapse prevention in patients with MOGAD has not been determined.

Conclusions
The relapse risk in patients with MOGAD is generally lower than that in patients with AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD, especially 5 years after onset. Meanwhile, relapses later than 10 years from onset are not rare in both diseases.