bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-tract multi-symptom relationships in pediatric concussion
Authors: Guberman Guido I. , Stojanovski Sonja , Nishat Eman , Ptito Alain , Bzdok Danilo , Wheeler Anne , Descoteaux Maxime 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe heterogeneity of white matter damage and symptoms in concussion has been identified as a major obstacle to therapeutic innovation. In contrast, most diffusion MRI (dMRI) studies on concussion have traditionally relied on group-comparison approaches that average out heterogeneity. To leverage, rather than average out, concussion heterogeneity, we combined dMRI and multivariate statistics to characterize multi-tract multi-symptom relationships. Using cross-sectional data from 306 previously-concussed children aged 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, we built connectomes weighted by classical and emerging diffusion measures. These measures were combined into two informative indices, the first representing microstructural complexity, the second representing axonal density. We deployed pattern-learning algorithms to jointly decompose these connectivity features and 19 symptom measures. We found multivariate connectivity-symptom correspondences that were stronger than all single-tract single-symptom associations. Expression of multi-tract features was not driven by sociodemographic and injury-related variables. In a replication dataset, the expression of multi-tract features predicted psychiatric diagnoses after accounting for other psychopathology-related variables. These clinically-informative, cross-demographic multi-tract multi-symptom relationships recapitulated well-known findings from the concussion literature and revealed new insights about white matter structure/symptom relationships. These results may pave the way for the development of improved stratification strategies and the development of predictive biomarkers for personalized concussion management approaches.
Evaluating the Risk of Psilocybin for the Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Review of the Research Literature and Published Case Studies
Authors: Gard David E. , Pleet Mollie M. , Bradley Ellen R. , Penn Andrew , Gallenstein Matthew L. , Riley Lauren S. , DellaCrosse Meghan , Garfinkle Emily , Michalak Erin E. , Woolley Joshua D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that psilocybin, the active ingredient in hallucinogenic mushrooms, can rapidly and durably improve symptoms of depression, leading to recent breakthrough status designation by the FDA and legalization for mental health treatment in some jurisdictions. Depression in bipolar disorder is associated with significant morbidity and has few effective treatments. However, there is little available scientific data on the risk of psilocybin use in people with bipolar disorder. Individuals with bipolar disorder have been excluded from modern clinical trials, out of understandable concerns of activating mania or worsening the illness course. As psilocybin becomes more available, people with these disorders will likely seek psilocybin treatment for depression and have likely already been doing so in unregulated settings. Our goal here is to summarize the known risks of psilocybin use (and similar substances) in bipolar disorder and to systematically evaluate examples of published case history data, in order to critically evaluate the relative risk of psilocybin as a treatment for bipolar depression. We found 17 cases suggesting that there is potential risk for activating a manic episode, thereby warranting caution. Nonetheless, the relative lack of systematic data or common case examples indicating risk appears to show that a cautious trial, using modern trial methods focusing on appropriate ‘set’ and ‘setting’, targeted at those lowest at risk for mania in the bipolar spectrum (e.g., bipolar 2 disorder), is very much needed, especially given the degree to which depression impacts this population.
Genomic Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Rwanda: evolution and regional dynamics
Authors: Butera Yvan , Mukantwari Enatha , Artesi Maria , D’Arc Umuringa Jeanne , O’Toole Áine Niamh , Hill Verity , Rooke Stefan , Hong Samuel Leandro , Dellicour Simon , Majyambere Onesphore , Bontems Sebastien , Boujemla Bouchra , Quick Josh , Resende Paola Cristina , Loman Nick , Umumararungu Esperance , Kabanda Alice , Murindahabi Marylin Milumbu , Tuyisenge Patrick , Gashegu Misbah , Rwabihama Jean Paul , Sindayiheba Reuben , Gikic Djordje , Souopgui Jacob , Ndifon Wilfred , Rutayisire Robert , Gatare Swaibu , Mpunga Tharcisse , Ngamije Daniel , Bours Vincent , Rambaut Andrew , Nsanzimana Sabin , Baele Guy , Durkin Keith , Mutesa Leon , Rujeni Nadine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), is a single-stranded positive-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that typically undergoes one to two single nucleotide mutations per month. COVID-19 continues to spread globally, with case fatality and test positivity rates often linked to locally circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, mutations in this virus, in particular those occurring in the spike protein (involved in the virus binding to the host epithelial cells) have potential implications in current vaccination efforts. In Rwanda, more than twenty thousand cases have been confirmed as of March 14th 2021, with a case fatality rate of 1.4% and test positivity rate of 2.3% while the recovery rate is at 91.9%. Rwanda started its genomic surveillance efforts, taking advantage of pre-existing research projects and partnerships, to ensure early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and to potentially contain the spread of variants of concern (VOC). As a result of this initiative, we here present 203 SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences analyzed from strains circulating in the country from May 2020 to February 2021. In particular, we report a shift in variant distribution towards the newly emerging sub-lineage A.23.1 that is currently dominating. Furthermore, we report the detection of the first Rwandan cases of the VOCs, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, among incoming travelers tested at Kigali International Airport. We also discuss the potential impact of COVID-19 control measures established in the country to control the spread of the virus. To assess the importance of viral introductions from neighboring countries and local transmission, we exploit available individual travel history metadata to inform spatio-temporal phylogeographic inference, enabling us to take into account infections from unsampled locations during the time frame of interest. We uncover an important role of neighboring countries in seeding introductions into Rwanda, including those from which no genomic sequences are currently available or that no longer report positive cases. Our results point to the importance of systematically screening all incoming travelers, regardless of the origin of their travels, as well as regional collaborations for durable response to COVID-19.
Impact of a nighttime curfew on overnight mobility
Authors: Ghasemi Amir , Daneman Nick , Berry Isha , Buchan Sarah A. , Soucy Jean-Paul , Sturrock Shelby , Brown Kevin A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmong non-pharmaceutical interventions, individual movement restrictions have been among the most impactful methods for controlling COVID-19 case growth. While nighttime curfews to control COVID-19 case growth have been implemented in certain regions and cities, few studies have examined their impacts on mobility or COVID-19 incidence. In the second wave of COVID-19, Canada’s two largest and adjacent provinces implemented lockdown restrictions with (Quebec) and without (Ontario) a nighttime curfew, providing a natural experiment to study the association between curfews and mobility.MethodsThis study spanned from December 1, 2020 to January 23, 2021 and included the populations of Ontario (including Toronto) and Quebec (including Montreal). The intervention of interest was a nighttime curfew implemented across Quebec on January 9, 2021. Unadjusted and adjusted difference-in-differences models (DID) were used to measure the incremental impact of the curfew on nighttime mobility in Quebec as compared to Ontario.ResultsThe implementation of the curfew was associated with an immediate reduction in nighttime mobility. The adjusted DID analysis indicated that Quebec experienced a 31% relative reduction in nighttime mobility (95%CI: -36% to -25%) compared to Ontario, and that Montreal experienced a 39% relative reduction compared to Toronto (95%CI: -43, -34).DiscussionHowever, this natural experiment among two neighbouring provinces provides useful evidence that curfews lead to an immediate and substantial decrease nighttime mobility, particularly in these provinces’ largest urban areas hardest hit by COVID-19.
Quantification of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of lactating women vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine
Authors: Esteve-Palau Erika , Gonzalez-Cuevas Araceli , Guerrero M. Eugenia , Garcia-Terol Clara , Alvarez M. Carmen , Garcia-Aranda Geneva , Casadevall David , Diaz-Brito Vicens 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe recent approval of vaccines against COVID-19 has generated great concern among breastfeeding women, since these patients were excluded from vaccination clinical trials. The present study aimed to analyze the levels of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk of mRNA-vaccinated women across time and their correlation with serum antibody levels.Methodsprospective study including lactating women aged over 18 who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 with the Pfizer-BioNTech® COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2). Paired serum and breast milk samples were simultaneously taken from each participant at three timepoints after receiving the vaccine: 2 weeks after 1st dose, 2 weeks after 2nd dose and 4 weeks after 2nd dose (Timepoints 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Levels of IgG antibodies against the spike protein (S1 subunit) were determined for each sample (Architect, Abbott®).Resultswe collected and analyzed 52 serum and 52 milk samples from the first 18 study participants. Median (interquartile range) IgG(S1) levels for serum – milk pairs at each timepoint were 410 (208-606) - 1.7 (0-2.9) AU/ml at Timepoint 1, 11505 (8933 - 21184) – 52.2 (34.1-113) at Timepoint 2 and 8311 (5578-17419) – 41.7 (24.8-75.3) at Timepoint 3. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between breast milk and serum IgG(S1) levels was 0.71. No major adverse reactions were observed in mothers or infants.ConclusionsBreast milk from women vaccinated with mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech® vaccine contains specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG(S1) antibodies, with levels increasing considerably after second dose. IgG(S1) levels in breast milk are positively correlated with corresponding serum levels.
Systematic Review: Recommendations for Rehabilitation in ASD and ID from Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Wickstrom Jordan , Dell’Armo Kristin , Salzman Emma , Hooker Jessica L. , Delehanty Abigail , Bishop Somer , Tassé Marc J. , Wetherby Amy M. , Piergies Antonia M. H. , Damiano Diane , Rauch Alexandra , Thurm Audrey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) were selected for inclusion in the development of a Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation for the World Health Organization (WHO). Here, we describe results of a search of guidelines for these conditions.MethodsA literature search for clinical practice guidelines was performed for ASD and ID. Using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument and other inclusion and exclusion criteria, guidelines were identified for abstraction of recommendations, which were collated into categories based on diagnosis, patient age, type and target of service, valence, and level of evidence.ResultsSix guidelines remained after screening. Four ASD guidelines focused on diagnosis, management and support, and two ID guidelines covered the prevention, assessment, and management of challenging behavior and mental health problems, with 386 and 138 recommendations resulting for each group, respectively. Out of 524 total recommendations, 212 ASD and 58 ID recommendations focused on intervention. The primary type of intervention pertained to pharmacology for each group (27% ASD, 29% ID), followed by psychosocial (21%) and biomedical (23%) for ASD and behavioral (14%) and psychological (14%) for ID. Regarding target of intervention, recommendations primarily focused on coexisting conditions for each group (56% ASD, 93% ID) and core symptoms for ASD (26%), whereas adaptive functioning received little attention (11% ASD, 7% ID).ConclusionsAlthough these six guidelines provided many recommendations for comorbid and specific problems in ASD and ID, very few recommendations targeted core symptoms, and many were based on expert opinion. A vital next step includes identifying relevant interventions from the guidelines or that are missing to be included in the WHO Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation.
No Evidence of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Human Milk: Analysis of a Cohort of 110 Lactating Women
Authors: Krogstad Paul , Contreras Deisy , Ng Hwee , Tobin Nicole , Chambers Christina D. , Bertrand Kerri , Bode Lars , Aldrovandi Grace 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infections of infants and toddlers are usually mild but can result in life-threatening disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA been detected in the breast milk of lactating women, but the potential role of breastfeeding in transmission to infants has remained uncertain.MethodsBreast milk specimens were examined for the presence of the virus by RT-PCR and/or culture. Specimens that contained viral RNA (vRNA) were examined for the presence of subgenomic coronavirus RNA (sgRNA), a putative marker of infectivity. Culture methods were used to determine the thermal stability of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.ResultsBreast milk samples from 110 women (65 confirmed with a SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test, 36 with symptoms but without tests, and 9 with symptoms but a negative SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test) were tested by RT-PCR (285 samples) and/or viral culture (160 samples). Although vRNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the milk of 7 of 110 (6%) women with either a confirmed infection or symptomatic illness, and in 6 of 65 (9%) of women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test, virus was not detected in any culture. None of the 7 milk specimens with detectable vRNA contained sgRNA. Notably, when artificially added to human milk in control experiments, infectious SARS-CoV-2 could be cultured despite several freeze-thaw cycles, as occurs in the storage and usage of human milk.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 RNA can be found infrequently in the breastmilk of women with recent infection, but we found no evidence that breastmilk contains infectious virus or that breastfeeding represents a risk factor for transmission of infection to infants.Key PointsQuestionSARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in a small number of human milk samples collected from recently infected women. The role of breastfeeding in transmission of the virus to infants has remained uncertain due to the small number of specimens analyzed in any study published thus far.FindingsIn a total study group of 110 women, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in milk from 6 of 65 women (9.2%) with recent confirmed infection. Neither infectious virus nor subgenomic RNA (a marker of virus infectivity) were detected in any of the samples.MeaningWe found no evidence that infectious SARS-CoV-2 is present milk from recently infected women, even if SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests are positive, providing reassurance of the safety of breastfeeding.
Statistical Modeling of deaths due to COVID-19 influenced by social isolation in Latin American countries
Authors: da Silva Rafael André , de Souza Ferreira Luiz Philipe , Sampaio Leite Jean Michel Rocha , Tiraboshi Fernanda Assunção , Valente Thiago Maciel , de Paiva Roda Vinicius Moraes , Duarte Sanchez Jeniffer Johana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial isolation is extremely important to minimize the effects of a pandemic. Latin American (LA) countries have similar socioeconomic characteristics and health system infrastructures. These countries face difficulties to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and some of them had very high death rates. Government stringency index (GSI) of twelve LA countries was gathered from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) project. GSI is calculated considering nine metrics of social distancing and isolation measures. Population data from the United Nations Population Fund and number of deaths data was collected from the dashboard of the World Health Organization (WHO). We performed an analysis of the period March-December using a mixed linear model approach. Peru, Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Argentina and Ecuador had the highest death rates with an increasing trend over time, while Suriname, Venezuela, Uruguay, Paraguay and Guyana had the lowest ones, which remained steady. GSI in most countries followed the same pattern during the analyzed months. i.e., high indices at the beginning of the pandemic and lower ones in the last evaluated months, while the number of deaths increased over the whole period. Almost no country kept its GSI high for a long time, especially from October to December. Time and GSI as well as their interaction were highly significant. As their interaction increases, death rate decreases. In conclusion, a higher GSI at the start of the pandemic COVID-19 would impact on the decrease in the number of deaths over time, in LA countries.
A Consensus Definition of Misophonia: Using a Delphi Process to Reach Expert Agreement
Authors: Swedo Susan , Baguley David M. , Denys Damiaan , Dixon Laura J. , Erfanian Mercede , Fioretti Alessandra , Jastreboff Pawel J. , Kumar Sukhbinder , Rosenthal M. Zachary , Rouw Romke , Schiller Daniela , Simner Julia , Storch Eric A. , Taylor Steven , Werff Kathy R. Vander , Raver Sylvina M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMisophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or their associated stimuli that has been characterized using different language and methodologies. The absence of a common understanding or foundational definition of misophonia hinders progress in research to understand the disorder and develop effective treatments for individuals suffering from misophonia. From June 2020 through January 2021, a project was conducted to determine whether a committee of experts with diverse expertise related to misophonia could develop a consensus definition of misophonia. An expert committee used a modified Delphi method to evaluate candidate definitional statements that were identified through a systematic review of the published literature. Over four rounds of iterative voting, revision, and exclusion, the committee made decisions to include, exclude, or revise these statements in the definition based on the currently available scientific and clinical evidence. A definitional statement was included in the final definition only after reaching consensus at 80% or more of the committee agreeing with its premise and phrasing. The results of this rigorous consensus-building process were compiled into a final definition of misophonia that is presented here. This definition will serve as an important step to bring cohesion to the growing field of researchers and clinicians who seek to better understand and support individuals experiencing misophonia.
Ageing impairs the airway epithelium defence response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Capraro Alexander , Wong Sharon L , Adhikari Anurag , Allan Katelin M , Patel Hardip R , Zhong Ling , Raftery Mark , Jaffe Adam , Yeang Malinna , Aggarwal Anupriya , Wu Lindsay , Pandzic Elvis , Whan Renee M , Turville Stuart , Vittorio Orazio , Bull Rowena A , Kaakoush Nadeem , Rawlinson William D , Tedla Nicodemus , Vafaee Fatemeh , Waters Shafagh A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAge-dependent differences in the clinical response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is well-documented1–3however the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We infected fully differentiated human nasal epithelium cultures derived from healthy children (1-12 years old), young adults (26-34 years old) and older adults (56-62 years old) with SARS-COV-2 to identify age-related cell-intrinsic differences that may influence viral entry, replication and host defence response. We integrated imaging, transcriptomics, proteomics and biochemical assays revealing age-related changes in transcriptional regulation that impact viral replication, effectiveness of host responses and therapeutic drug targets. Viral load was lowest in infected older adult cultures despite the highest expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry and detection factors. We showed this was likely due to lower expression of hijacked host machinery essential for viral replication. Unlike the nasal epithelium of young adults and children, global host response and induction of the interferon signalling was profoundly impaired in older adults, which preferentially expressed proinflammatory cytokines mirroring the “cytokine storm” seen in severe COVID-194,5.In silicoscreening of our virus-host-drug network identified drug classes with higher efficacy in older adults. Collectively, our data suggests that cellular alterations that occur during ageing impact the ability for the host nasal epithelium to respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection which could guide future therapeutic strategies.
Murine monoclonal antibodies against RBD of SARS-CoV-2 neutralize authentic wild type SARS-CoV-2 as well as B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 viruses and protectin vivoin a mouse model in a neutralization dependent manner
Authors: Amanat Fatima , Strohmeier Shirin , Lee Wen-Hsin , Bangaru Sandhya , Ward Andrew B. , Coughlan Lynda , Krammer Florian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAfter first emerging in December 2019 in China, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has since caused a pandemic leading to millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Vaccines have been developed and authorized but supply of these vaccines is currently limited. With new variants of the virus now emerging and spreading globally, it is essential to develop therapeutics that are broadly protective and bind conserved epitopes in the receptor binding domain (RBD) or the whole spike of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we have generated mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against different epitopes on the RBD and assessed binding and neutralization against authentic SARS-CoV-2. We have demonstrated that antibodies with neutralizing activity, but not non-neutralizing antibodies, lower viral titers in the lungs when administered in a prophylactic settingin vivoin a mouse challenge model. In addition, most of the mAbs cross-neutralize the B.1.351 as well as the B.1.1.7 variantsin vitro.ImportanceCrossneutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by RBD-targeting antibodies is still not well understood and very little is known about the potential protective effect of non-neutralizing antibodiesin vivo. Using a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies, we investigate both of these aspects.