bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 Selected from a Human Antibody Library Constructed Decades Ago
Authors: Qiang Min , Ma Peixiang , Li Yu , Liu Hejun , Harding Adam , Min Chenyu , Wang Fulian , Liu Lili , Yuan Meng , Ji Qun , Tao Pingdong , Shi Xiaojie , Li Zhean , Li Teng , Wang Xian , Zhang Yu , Wu Nicholas C. , Lee Chang‐Chun D. , Zhu Xueyong , Gilbert‐Jaramillo Javier , Zhang Chuyue , Saxena Abhishek , Huang Xingxu , Wang Hou , James William , Dwek Raymond A. , Wilson Ian A. , Yang Guang , Lerner Richard A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCombinatorial antibody libraries not only effectively reduce antibody discovery to a numbers game, but enable documentation of the history of antibody responses in an individual. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has prompted a wider application of this technology to meet the public health challenge of pandemic threats in the modern era. Herein, a combinatorial human antibody library constructed 20 years before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is used to discover three highly potent antibodies that selectively bind SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and neutralize authentic SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Compared to neutralizing antibodies from COVID‐19 patients with generally low somatic hypermutation (SHM), these three antibodies contain over 13–22 SHMs, many of which are involved in specific interactions in their crystal structures with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor binding domain. The identification of these somatically mutated antibodies in a pre‐pandemic library raises intriguing questions about the origin and evolution of these antibodies with respect to their reactivity with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Dual‐Depletion of Intratumoral Lactate and ATP with Radicals Generation for Cascade Metabolic‐Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Tian Feng , Wang Shiyao , Shi Keda , Zhong Xingjian , Gu Yutian , Fan Yadi , Zhang Yu , Yang Mo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence has demonstrated that lactate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) both play important roles in regulating abnormal metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, an O2 self‐supplying catalytic nanoagent, based on tannic acid (TA)–Fe(III) coordination complexes‐coated perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) nanodroplets with lactate oxidases (LOX) loading (PFOB@TA–Fe(III)–LOX, PTFL), is designed for cascade metabolic‐chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by dual‐depletion of lactate and ATP with hydroxyl •OH radicals generation. Benefiting from the catalytic property of loaded LOX and O2 self‐supplying of PFOB nanodroplets, PTFL nanoparticles (NPs) efficiently deplete tumoral lactate for down‐regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and supplement the insufficient endogenous H2O2 . Simultaneously, TA–Fe(III) complexes release Fe(III) ions and TA in response to intracellular up‐regulated ATP in tumor cells followed by TA‐mediated Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion, leading to the depletion of energy source ATP and the generation of cytotoxic •OH radicals from H2O2. Moreover, TA–Fe(III) complexes provide photoacoustic contrast as imaging guidance to enhance therapeutic accuracy. As a result, PTFL NPs efficiently accumulate in tumors for suppression of tumor growth and show evidence of anti‐angiogenesis and anti‐metastasis effects. This multifunctional nanoagent may provide new insight for targeting abnormal tumor metabolism with the combination of CDT to achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect.
2D Layered Material Alloys: Synthesis and Application in Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract2D layered materials (2DLMs) have come under the limelight of scientific and engineering research and broke new ground across a broad range of disciplines in the past decade. Nevertheless, the members of stoichiometric 2DLMs are relatively limited. This renders them incompetent to fulfill the multitudinous scenarios across the breadth of electronic and optoelectronic applications since the characteristics exhibited by a specific material are relatively monotonous and limited. Inspiringly, alloying of 2DLMs can markedly broaden the 2D family through composition modulation and it has ushered a whole new research domain: 2DLM alloy nano‐electronics and nano‐optoelectronics. This review begins with a comprehensive survey on synthetic technologies for the production of 2DLM alloys, which include chemical vapor transport, chemical vapor deposition, pulsed‐laser deposition, and molecular beam epitaxy, spanning their development, as well as, advantages and disadvantages. Then, the up‐to‐date advances of 2DLM alloys in electronic devices are summarized. Subsequently, the up‐to‐date advances of 2DLM alloys in optoelectronic devices are summarized. In the end, the ongoing challenges of this emerging field are highlighted and the future opportunities are envisioned, which aim to navigate the coming exploration and fully exert the pivotal role of 2DLMs toward the next generation of electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Discovery of Dome‐Shaped Superconducting Phase and Anisotropic Transport in a van der Waals Layered Candidate NbIrTe4 under Pressure
Authors: Jin Meiling , Yu Peng , Fan Changzeng , Li Qiang , Kong Panlong , Shen Zhiwei , Qin Xiaomei , Chi Zhenhua , Jin Changqing , Liu Guangtong , Zhong Guyue , Xu Gang , Liu Zheng , Zhu Jinlong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe unique electronic structure and crystal structure driven by external pressure in transition metal tellurides (TMTs) can host unconventional quantum states. Here, the discovery of pressure‐induced phase transition at ≈2 GPa, and dome‐shaped superconducting phase emerged in van der Waals layered NbIrTe4 is reported. The highest critical temperature (Tc) is ≈5.8 K at pressure of ≈16 GPa, where the interlayered Te–Te covalent bonds form simultaneously derived from the synchrotron diffraction data, indicating the hosting structure of superconducting evolved from low‐pressure two‐dimensional (2D) phase to three‐dimensional (3D) structure with pressure higher than 30 GPa. Strikingly, the authors have found an anisotropic transport in the vicinity of the superconducting state, suggesting the emergence of a “stripe”‐like phase. The dome‐shaped superconducting phase and anisotropic transport are possibly due to the spatial modulation of interlayer Josephson coupling .
Biredox‐Ionic Anthraquinone‐Coupled Ethylviologen Composite Enables Reversible Multielectron Redox Chemistry for Li‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhongju , Fan Qianqian , Guo Wei , Yang Changchun , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic compounds bearing redox‐active ionic pairs as electrode materials for high‐performance rechargeable batteries have gained growing attention owing to the properties of synthetic tunability, high theoretical capacity, and low solubility. Herein, an innovative biredox‐ionic composite, i.e., ethylviologen dianthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate (EV‐AQ2), affording multiple and reversible active sites as a cathode material in lithium‐organic batteries is reported. EV‐AQ2 exhibits a high initial capacity of 199.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate, which corresponds to the transfer of two electrons from one redox couple EV2+/EV0 and four electrons from two redox‐active AQ− anions. It is notable that EV‐AQ2 shows remarkably improved cyclability compared to the precursors. The capacity retention is 89% and the Coulombic efficiency approaches 100% over 120 cycles at 0.5 C rate. The results offer evidence that AQ− into the EV2+ scaffold with multiple redox sites are promising in developing high‐energy‐density organic rechargeable batteries.
A 4D Printable Shape Memory Vitrimer with Repairability and Recyclability through Network Architecture Tailoring from Commercial Poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Joe Jungho , Shin Jeehae , Choi Yong‐Seok , Hwang Jae Hyuk , Kim Sang Hwa , Han Jiseok , Park Bumsoo , Lee Woohwa , Park Sungmin , Kim Yong Seok , Kim Dong‐Gyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVitrimers have shown advantages over conventional thermosets via capabilities of dynamic network rearrangement to endow repairability as well as recyclability. Based on such characteristics, vitrimers have been studied and have shown promises as a 3D printing ink material that can be recycled with the purpose of waste reduction. However, despite the brilliant approaches, there still remain limitations regarding requirement of new reagents for recycling the materials or reprintability issues. Here, a new class of a 4D printable vitrimer that is translated from a commercial poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) resin is reported to exhibit self‐healability, weldability, reprocessability, as well as reprintability. Thus, formed 3D‐printed vitrimer products show superior heat resistance in comparison to commercial PCL prints, and can be repeatedly reprocessed or reprinted via filament extrusion and a handheld fused deposition modeling (FDM)‐based 3D printing method. Furthermore, incorporation of semicrystalline PCL renders capabilities of shape memory for 4D printing applications, and as far as it is known, such demonstration of FDM 3D‐printed shape memory vitrimers has not been realized yet. It is envisioned that this work can fuel advancement in 4D printing industries by suggesting a new material candidate with all‐rounded capabilities with minimized environmental challenges.
A Tandem Electrocatalysis of Sulfur Reduction by Bimetal 2D MOFs
Authors: Meng Ruijin , Du Qijun , Zhong Ning , Zhou Xing , Liu Shuhu , Yin Shuangfeng , Liang Xiao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe diversity and coupling of sulfur redox intermediates and its associated solid‐liquid‐solid multiphase conversion mechanism pose great challenges in designing a proper electrocatalysts for Li–S batteries. In this report, it is proposed that an ideal catalyst should possess two catalytic centers which catalyze liquid–liquid conversion and liquid–solid conversion in tandem within one structure, with the use of 2D MOF nanosheets with different metal centers for validation. It is uncovered that the Ni‐MOF is more effective in catalyzing the reduction of long‐chain polysulfides, while Co‐MOF benefits the Li2S deposition kinetics. Moreover, synergistic sulfur electrocatalytic activity for the integrated bimetal CoNi‐MOF is witnessed. It greatly decreases the reaction activation energies, accelerates the faradaic current density for both of the reaction regions, and effectively inhibits the shuttle effect. This is attributed to charge redistribution between Ni and Co via bridge O in the MOF structure. The S@CoNi‐MOF composite endows high reversible capacity (1450 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), enhanced cycling stability (500 cycles at 1 C with a low‐capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle), and improved rate capability.
Gateway‐node wireless data collection system for environmental sensing
Authors: Thompson Alondra I. , Schomberg Harry H. , Evett Steven R. , Fisher Daniel K. , Mirsky Steven B. , Reberg‐Horton S. Chris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvances in open‐source microcontroller (MC) technologies have created opportunities for development of low‐cost real‐time environmental data collection systems. An inexpensive system based on the ARDUINO‐MC was developed using a gateway‐node architecture enabling us to collect environmental sensor data across climates and soil types. Printed circuit boards and breakout modules made assembly quick and easy. Nodes interfaced with serial digital interface at 1200 Bd time domain reflectometry soil water sensors, which require higher input voltage and use more complex communication than other sensors commonly used with MC‐based data loggers. Maintaining time synchronization between the nodes and gateways was critical to their ability to communicate and limit field traffic. Power consumption and supply issues and the inability to regularly monitor units led to data loss. Incorporating cellular capability to the gateway gave researchers and technicians near real‐time access to data and opened opportunities for their use in automated databases and visualization dashboards. This paper describes the design, testing, and use of the system during its first two field seasons. This system exemplifies how researchers can economically collect environmental data from remote locations by leveraging the potential of microcontrollers in custom data acquisition systems. Arduino sketches and other materials are available at https://github.com/ArduinoSoilH2O.
Novel solid biopolymer electrolyte based on methyl cellulose with enhanced ion transport properties
Authors: Koliyoor Jayalakshmi , Ismayil  , Hegde Shreedatta , Vasachar Ravindrachary , Sanjeev Ganesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMagnesium ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte films are prepared with biodegradable methyl cellulose and Mg(NO3)2.6H2O by solution casting method. FTIR spectrum of the films confirmed the interaction between the polymer host and the metal salt. FTIR deconvolution gives a clear picture of the percentage of free ions with the salt concentration variation. Structural modification of the polymer upon salt doping are studied with XRD analysis. Glass transition temperature of the pristine film is found to increase with the concentration of the salt, which is attributed to an increase in the coordination between Mg+2 and oxygen atoms of the polymer matrix and formation of transient crosslinks. TGA analysis accounts for the thermal stability of the electrolyte films. The electrical properties of the films have been analyzed, and the values of ionic conductivities of the films were calculated. Electrolyte film with 25 wt% of the salt, which is highly amorphous, is found to have the highest room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 1.02 × 10−4 S cm−1. SEM micrographs show variation in the surface morphology of the electrolytes with the variation in the concentration of the salt. The films' electrochemical stability window and ionic transference number are calculated to find the suitability for energy storage applications.
Vascularization of iNSC spheroid in a 3D spheroid‐on‐a‐chip platform enhances neural maturation
Authors: Shin Nari , Kim Youngtaek , Ko Jihoon , Choi Soon Won , Hyung Sujin , Lee Seung‐Eun , Park Seunghyuk , Song Jiyoung , Jeon Noo Li , Kang Kyung‐Sun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn vitro platforms for studying the human brain have been developed, and brain organoids derived from stem cells have been studied. However, current organoid models lack three‐dimensional (3D) vascular networks, limiting organoid proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we created a 3D model of vascularized spheroid cells using an injection‐molded microfluidic chip. We cocultured spheroids derived from induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) with perfusable blood vessels. Gene expression analysis and immunostaining revealed that the vascular network greatly enhanced spheroid differentiation and reduced apoptosis. This platform can be used to further study the functional and structural interactions between blood vessels and neural spheroids, and ultimately to simulate brain development and disease.
A transfer learning approach for predictive modeling of bioprocesses using small data
Authors: Rogers Alexander W. , Vega‐Ramon Fernando , Yan Jiangtao , del Río‐Chanona Ehecatl A. , Jing Keju , Zhang Dongda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPredictive modeling of new biochemical systems with small data is a great challenge. To fill this gap, transfer learning, a subdomain of machine learning that serves to transfer knowledge from a generalized model to a more domain‐specific model, provides a promising solution. While transfer learning has been used in natural language processing, image analysis, and chemical engineering fault detection, its application within biochemical engineering has not been systematically explored. In this study, we demonstrated the benefits of transfer learning when applied to predict dynamic behaviors of new biochemical processes. Two different case studies were presented to investigate the accuracy, reliability, and advantage of this innovative modeling approach. We thoroughly discussed the different transfer learning strategies and the effects of topology on transfer learning, comparing the performance of the transfer learning models against benchmark kinetic and data‐driven models. Furthermore, strong connections between the underlying process mechanism and the transfer learning model's optimal structure were highlighted, suggesting the interpretability of transfer learning to enable more accurate prediction than a naive data‐driven modeling approach. Therefore, this study shows a novel approach to effectively combining data from different resources for bioprocess simulation.
Examination of the binary system Al2O3‐ZrO2 by aero acoustic levitation melting
Authors: Niessen Jonas , Muehmer D. , Tonnesen T. , Telle R. , Gonzalez‐Julian J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAl2O3‐ZrO2 composites exhibit excellent mechanical and high‐temperature properties. The solidification of various hypoeutectic compositions has been studied by means of aero‐acoustic levitation. A high‐speed camera recorded the crystallization, to the correlation of the video stills with the observed microstructures. Solidification takes place by formation of several nuclei and subsequent growth. Nuclei are formed in the supercooled melt, entailing to a fine‐grained, simultaneously solidified structure. The remaining melt between the growing nuclei is heated due to recalescence leading to primary precipitation of zirconia, followed by eutectic solidification. A consistent behavior is presented to explain the observed microstructures. Additionally, samples between 40 and 50 mol% ZrO2 exhibit lamellar areas, which exceed the initial zirconia composition. The observed microstructure strongly indicates the existence of a liquid miscibility gap.
Fluorescent Organohydrogel with Thermal‐Induced Color Change for Anti‐counterfeiting
Authors: Le Xiaoxia , Shang Hui , Gu Shirong , Yin Guangqiang , Shan Fuqing , Li Danyang , Chen Tao 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummarySmart fluorescent patterns enable dynamic color variation under external stimuli, showing a much higher security level in the field of anti‐counterfeiting. However, there is still lacking of a simple and convenient way to achieve dynamic fluorescence changes. Herein, a fluorescent organohydrogel made up of a poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐isopropylacrylamide) (p(DMA‐NIPAM)) hydrogel network and a poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) organogel network was fabricated via a two‐step interpenetrating technique. The former network bears naphthalimide moieties (DEAN, green fluorescent monomer) and the later contains 6‐acrylamidopicolinic acid (6APA, fluorescent ligand), leading to emitting green fluorescence. When Eu3+ was introduced and coordinated with 6APA, the organohydrogel displays red fluorescence, which can further emit yellow after applying thermal stimulus. Furthermore, by adjusting the proportion of comonomers, various organohydrogels can be obtained, which can be programmed and act as an effective platform for the encryption and decryption of secret information.
Proenkephalin and the risk of new‐onset heart failure: data from prevention of renal and vascular end‐stage disease
Authors: Emmens Johanna E. , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Brouwers Frank P. , Kieneker Lyanne M. , Damman Kevin , Hartmann Oliver , Schulte Janin , Bakker Stephan J. L. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnkephalins of the opioid system exert several cardiorenal effects. Proenkephalin (PENK), a stable surrogate, is associated with heart failure (HF) development after myocardial infarction and worse cardiorenal function and prognosis in patients with HF. The association between plasma PENK concentrations and new‐onset HF in the general population remains to be established.HypothesisWe hypothesized that plasma PENK concentrations are associated with new‐onset HF in the general population.MethodsWe included 6677 participants from the prevention of renal and vascular end‐stage disease study and investigated determinants of PENK concentrations and their association with new‐onset HF (both reduced [HFrEF] and preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]).ResultsMedian PENK concentrations were 52.7 (45.1–61.9) pmol/L. Higher PENK concentrations were associated with poorer renal function and higher NT‐proBNP concentrations. The main determinants of higher PENK concentrations were lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lower urinary creatinine excretion, and lower body mass index (all p < .001). After a median 8.3 (7.8–8.8) years follow‐up, 221 participants developed HF; 127 HFrEF and 94 HFpEF. PENK concentrations were higher in subjects who developed HF compared with those who did not, 56.2 (45.2–67.6) versus 52.7 (45.1–61.6) pmol/L, respectively (p = .003). In competing‐risk analyses, higher PENK concentrations were associated with higher risk of new‐onset HF (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.09[1.47–2.97], p < .001), including both HFrEF (HR = 2.31[1.48–3.61], p < .001) and HFpEF (HR = 1.74[1.02–2.96], p = .042). These associations were, however, lost after adjustment for eGFR.ConclusionsIn the general population, higher PENK concentrations were associated with lower eGFR and higher NT‐proBNP concentrations. Higher PENK concentrations were not independently associated with new‐onset HFrEF and HFpEF and mainly confounded by eGFR.
Attributing the 2015/2016 Amazon basin drought to anthropogenic influence
Authors: Ribeiro G. G. , Anderson L. O. , Barretos N. J. C. , Abreu R. , Alves L. , Dong B. , Lott F. C. , Tett Simon F. B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDroughts in the Amazon region have the potential to generate severe socio‐environmental impacts in addition to having the ability to interfere with the long‐term carbon cycle, thus affecting global climate. The 2015/2016 drought that occurred in this region, associated with an El Niño, was considered a record‐breaking event in terms of unprecedented warming and the largest extent of the drought affected areas. Anthropogenic influence on the probability and intensity of this drought was assessed using two ensembles of the Met Office's HadGEM3‐GA6 model. One ensemble was driven only with natural forcings and the other also included anthropogenic forcings. This analysis found that the intensity and probability of the 2015/2016 Amazon drought likely increased due to anthropogenic influence. The reliability of the model to represent the precipitation of the study area was assessed by comparing it with the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) product (R2 = 0.81). Results indicate that anthropogenic forcings altered the drought intensity of 2015/2016 in the Amazon and increased the risk of this event by about four times with a confidence interval ranging from 2.7 to 4.7. We conclude that anthropogenic emissions threaten the functioning of the Amazon forest due to increased likelihood of extreme droughts.