bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol formation in the filtered atmospheric air and regularities of their evolution
Authors: Ivanov V N , Paley A A , Pisanko Yu V , Romanov N P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Presented is the study of atmospheric aerosol particle formation and evolution processes arising in filtered atmospheric air in complete darkness. Studies were carried out in the Large Aerosol Chamber (LAC) of RPA «Typhoon» with 3200 m3 volume under conditions close to natural atmospheric ones. The large volume of the chamber and its design features make it possible to exclude the influence of boundary conditions as well as any additional pollution sources from the chamber walls and from the equipment inside the LAC on the processes under study. We observe the formation of nanoparticles apparently due to gas-to-particle conversion in the absence of UV radiation. We investigate these newly formed particle growth regularities from 15 nm size to cloud condensation nuclei characteristic sizes under controlled conditions. The observed evolution regularities of the newly formed due to gas-to-particle conversion aerosol spectra can significantly contribute to the understanding of atmospheric aerosol formation processes responsible for cloudiness and precipitation.
Electronic service for providing users with data of hail suppression activities
Authors: Appaeva Zh Yu , Gekkieva J M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Database managed by MS Access is intended for automated access to the data of hail suppression activities carried out by the paramilitary services of Roshydromet. The main function of the database is to store information and provide it to network users for carrying out scientific analysis and obtaining reference information. On the base of the collected and processed hailfall data, it is possible to automatically calculate the annual average and maximum number of days with hail in a year, the annual average of hail damaged area reduced to 100% loss, the annual average percentage of crop losses and annual hail damage. This information will help specialists study hailstorm development more in detail, including in particular categories of seeding targets, number of expended rockets, and evaluate the effectiveness of the cloud seeding operations, taking into account the accumulated operational data.
A methodological approach to assessing the current opportunities for changing the number of clouds in large areas in the interests of solving applied problems
Authors: Doronin A P , Shchukin G G , Kozlova N A , Petrochenko V M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article presents a methodological approach to assessing the current possibilities for changing the number of clouds on an area of thousands-tens of thousands of km2. A method based on the use of means of dissipation supercooled undulatus clouds is considered. Quantitative estimates of the suitability for dissipation of clouds of these forms in various physical and geographical regions of Russia are given. Practical recommendations on the application of methods and means of dissipation supercooled undulatus clouds over large areas are given.
Comprehensive analysis of snow cover in the south of Russia
Authors: Tashilova A A , Kalov Kh M , Kesheva L A , Teunova N V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Snow cover is one of the components of the natural environment that determines the weather and climate. In recent decades, there have been changes in all characteristics of the snow cover, which are associated with climate warming. This work is devoted to the analysis of changes in various characteristics of snow cover in different climatic zones of the Caucasus region for the period 1960-2018 and the construction of a regression model of seasonal variability of snow cover thickness (SCT) in the south of the European territory of Russia (ETR). Based on the data from the series of snow cover thickness, the number of days from the snow cover (SC), the dates of the beginning and end of the SC descent, the dates of the establishment / destruction of the stable SC in the cold seasons of 1961-2018 in the south of the ETR, an assessment of the change in these characteristics was carried out. As a result of the analysis, it was found that, against the background of global warming, the number of days with snow cover decreases, the dates of the beginning and descent of a stable SC are shifted towards a reduction in the duration of the SC occurrence, and at the same time, an increase in the SC height is observed. A regression model of seasonal variability of the thickness of the snow cover has been built. The analysis of the seasonal variability of the SCT showed that the thickness of the snow cover for the southern regions of Russia has a pronounced seasonal variation with a determination coefficient no worse than 55%. The fields of the parameters of the seasonal variation are quite smooth, and their variability is well physically conditioned.
Distinctive Flow Cytometric and Mutational Profile of Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;16)(p11;p13) Translocation
Authors: Aqil Barina , Gao Juehua , Stalling Melissa , Sukhanova Madina , Duncavage Eric J , Lu Xinyan , Wolniak Kristy L , Kreisel Friederike , Yaseen Nabeel R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;16)(p11;p13) abnormalities is a rare, aggressive, and diagnostically challenging subtype that results in KAT6A-CREBBP gene fusion.MethodsTo investigate their immunophenotype and genomic features, we identified 5 cases of AML with t(8;16) through a retrospective review of the databases at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, IL, and Washington University Medical Center, in St Louis, MO.ResultsIn all, 4 of 5 cases were therapy related and 1 was possibly therapy related. The leukemic blasts showed distinctive features, including bright CD45 expression and remarkably high side scatter that overlapped with maturing myeloid elements, making the blasts difficult to identify on initial examination. They were positive for CD13, CD33, and CD64 and negative for CD34 and CD117. Next-generation sequencing profiling of 4 cases revealed pathogenic ASXL1 (2 cases), FLT3-tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations (2 cases), and other pathogenic mutations. In 3 patients, t(8;16) was the sole cytogenetic abnormality; additional aberrations were found in 2 patients. Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray revealed 1 case with 7q deletion as a secondary clone.ConclusionsOur data highlight the distinctive immunophenotypic profile of AML with t(8;16), which, along with its unique morphology, often presents a diagnostic challenge. We showed that mutations of either ASXL1 or FLT3-TKD are seen in most cases of this leukemia.
Early-Life Adversity Due to Bereavement and Inflammatory Diseases in the Next Generation: A Population Study in Transgenerational Stress Exposure
Authors: Brew Bronwyn K , Lundholm Cecilia , Caffrey Osvald Emma , Chambers Georgina , Öberg Sara , Fang Fang , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that trauma experienced in childhood has negative transgenerational implications for offspring mental and physical health. We aimed to investigate whether early-life adversity experienced as bereavement is associated with chronic inflammatory health in offspring. The study population included 3 generations of Swedish families with a base population of 453,516 children (generation 3) born in 2001–2012. Exposure was defined as the middle generation’s (generation 2) experiencing bereavement in childhood due to the death of a parent (generation 1). Outcomes in generation 3 included 2 diagnoses of inflammatory diseases, including asthma, allergic diseases, eczema, and autoimmune diseases. Survival analysis was used to identify causal pathways, including investigation of mediation by generation 2 mood disorders and socioeconomic status (SES). We found that early-life bereavement experienced by women was associated with early-onset offspring asthma (hazard ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.23); mediation analysis revealed that 28%–33% of the association may be mediated by SES and 9%–20% by mood disorders. Early-life bereavement experienced by men was associated with autoimmune diseases in offspring (hazard ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.62), with no evidence of mediation. In conclusion, adversity experienced early in life may contribute to an increased risk of inflammatory diseases which is partly mediated by mood disorders and SES.
Continual knowledge infusion into pre-trained biomedical language models
Authors: Jha Kishlay , Zhang Aidong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Biomedical language models produce meaningful concept representations that are useful for a variety of biomedical natural language processing (bioNLP) applications such as named entity recognition, relationship extraction and question answering. Recent research trends have shown that the contextualized language models (e.g. BioBERT, BioELMo) possess tremendous representational power and are able to achieve impressive accuracy gains. However, these models are still unable to learn high-quality representations for concepts with low context information (i.e. rare words). Infusing the complementary information from knowledge-bases (KBs) is likely to be helpful when the corpus-specific information is insufficient to learn robust representations. Moreover, as the biomedical domain contains numerous KBs, it is imperative to develop approaches that can integrate the KBs in a continual fashion.

Results
We propose a new representation learning approach that progressively fuses the semantic information from multiple KBs into the pretrained biomedical language models. Since most of the KBs in the biomedical domain are expressed as parent-child hierarchies, we choose to model the hierarchical KBs and propose a new knowledge modeling strategy that encodes their topological properties at a granular level. Moreover, the proposed continual learning technique efficiently updates the concepts representations to accommodate the new knowledge while preserving the memory efficiency of contextualized language models. Altogether, the proposed approach generates knowledge-powered embeddings with high fidelity and learning efficiency. Extensive experiments conducted on bioNLP tasks validate the efficacy of the proposed approach and demonstrates its capability in generating robust concept representations.
Vaginal microbiota differences associated with pelvic organ prolapse risk during late gestation in commercial sows
Authors: Kiefer Zoë E , Koester Lucas R , Studer Jamie M , Chipman Amanda L , Mainquist-Whigham Christine , Keating Aileen F , Schmitz-Esser Stephan , Ross Jason W 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the last decade, sow mortality due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has increased. To better understand the biology associated with POP, sows were phenotypically assessed and assigned a perineal score (PS) based on presumed POP risk and categorized as PS1 (low), PS2 (moderate), or PS3 (high). The study objective was to identify changes in sow vaginal microbiota that may be associated with POP. The hypothesis is that vaginal microbiota differs between sows with variable risk for POP, and changes in microbiota during late gestation exist between sows with differing risk. Of the 2864 sows scored during gestation week 15, 1.0, 2.7, and 23.4% of PS1, PS2, and PS3 sows, respectively, subsequently experienced POP. Vaginal swabs subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed differences in community composition (Bray–Curtis; P &lt; 0.05) and individual operational taxonomic unit (OTU) comparisons between vaginal microbiota of PS1 and PS3 sows at gestation week 15. Further, differences (P &lt; 0.05) in community composition and OTUs (Q &lt; 0.05) were observed in PS3 sows that either did or did not subsequently experience POP. Differences in community structure (alpha diversity measurements; P &lt; 0.05), composition (P &lt; 0.05), and OTUs (Q &lt; 0.05) were observed in gestation week 12 sows scored PS1 compared to week 15 sows scored PS1 or PS3, suggesting that sow vaginal microbiota shifts during late gestation differently as POP risk changes. Collectively, these data demonstrate that sows with greater POP risk have unique vaginal microflora, for which a better understanding could aid in the development of mitigation strategies.
Doubly robust nonparametric instrumental variable estimators for survival outcomes
Authors: Lee Youjin , Kennedy Edward H , Mitra Nandita 
Published: September 2021

SummaryInstrumental variable (IV) methods allow us the opportunity to address unmeasured confounding in causal inference. However, most IV methods are only applicable to discrete or continuous outcomes with very few IV methods for censored survival outcomes. In this article, we propose nonparametric estimators for the local average treatment effect on survival probabilities under both covariate-dependent and outcome-dependent censoring. We provide an efficient influence function-based estimator and a simple estimation procedure when the IV is either binary or continuous. The proposed estimators possess double-robustness properties and can easily incorporate nonparametric estimation using machine learning tools. In simulation studies, we demonstrate the flexibility and double robustness of our proposed estimators under various plausible scenarios. We apply our method to the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial for estimating the causal effect of screening on survival probabilities and investigate the causal contrasts between the two interventions under different censoring assumptions.
Rate of stoma formation following damage-control surgery for severe intra-abdominal sepsis: a single-centre consecutive case series
Authors: Faes Seraina , Hübner Martin , Girardin Timothée , Demartines Nicolas , Hahnloser Dieter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Severe intra-abdominal sepsis (IAS) is associated with high mortality and stoma rates. A two-stage approach with initial damage-control surgery (DCS) and subsequent reconstruction might decrease stoma and mortality rates but requires standardization.

Methods
A standardized two-stage damage-control algorithm for IAS was implemented in April 2016 and applied systematically.

Results
Some 203 consecutive patients (median age 70 years, 62 per cent ASA score greater than 3) had DCS for severe IAS. Median operation time was 82 minutes, 60 per cent performed during night-time. Median intraoperative noradrenaline doses were 20 (i.q.r. 26) µg/min and blood gas analysis (ABG) was abnormal (metabolic acidosis) in 90 per cent of patients. The second-stage operation allowed definitive surgery in 76 per cent of patients, 24 per cent had up to four re-DCSs until definitive surgery. The in-hospital mortality rate was 26 per cent. At hospital discharge, 65 per cent of patients were stoma free. Risk factors for in-hospital death were noradrenaline (odds ratio 4.25 (95 per cent c.i. 1.72 to 12.83)), abnormal ABG (pH: odds ratio 2.72 (1.24 to 6.65); lactate: odds ratio 6.77 (3.20 to 15.78)), male gender (odds ratio 2.40 (1.24 to 4.85)), ASA score greater than 3 (odds ratio 5.75 (2.58 to 14.68)), mesenteric ischaemia (odds ratio 3.27 (1.71 to 6.46)) and type of resection (odds ratio 2.95 (1.24 to 8.21)). Risk factors for stoma at discharge were ASA score greater than 3 (odds ratio 2.76 (95 per cent c.i. 1.38 to 5.73)), type of resection (odds ratio 30.91 (6.29 to 559.3)) and longer operation time (odds ratio 2.441 (1.22 to 5.06)).

Conclusion
Initial DCS followed by secondary reconstruction of bowel continuity for IAS within 48 hours in a tertiary teaching hospital was feasible and safe, following a clear algorithm.
Factors Associated With Parental Acceptance of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling to Identify the Causes of Stillbirth and Neonatal Death
Authors: Tikmani Shiyam Sunder , Saleem Sarah , Moore Janet L , Reza Sayyeda , Gowder Guruprasad , Dhaded Sangappa , Yogesh Kumar S , Goudar Shivaprasad S , Kulkarni Vardendra , Kumar Sunil , Aceituno Anna , Parlberg Lindsay , McClure Elizabeth M , Goldenberg Robert L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) is a noninvasive technique used to determine the cause of deaths. Very little is known about the factors that affect MITS acceptance or refusal. We present findings from a prospective study conducted in Southeast Asia on the reasons for accepting or refusing MITS.

Methods
This substudy was conducted in India and Pakistan to determine the acceptability of MITS in women who had a stillbirth or preterm live birth who later died. A formal questionnaire was used to gather observations during the consent for MITS, such as reasons for acceptance or refusal of MITS, as well as which family members were involved in the decision process.

Results
In Pakistan, the MITS acceptability forms were completed for 470 of 477 women (98.5%) with an eligible stillbirth for this substudy, and 334 of 337 (99.1%) with an eligible preterm neonatal death. In India, MITS acceptability forms were completed in 219 of 305 women (71.8%) with an eligible stillbirth and 260 of 264 (98.4%) with an eligible preterm neonatal death. In India, the most common reasons for MITS refusal for both stillbirths and preterm neonatal deaths were cultural concerns, while in Pakistan, the most common reason for MITS refusal was a potential delay in the funeral. The primary reason for accepting MITS was that the parents wanted to understand the cause of death. At both sites, fathers, mothers, and relatives, often in consultation, choose whether or not to accept MITS to determine the cause of death in stillbirths and preterm neonatal deaths.

Conclusions
MITS was more commonly accepted in India than in Pakistan. Cultural concerns in India and funeral delays in Pakistan were common reasons for refusal. Parents from both sites were curious to know the cause of stillbirths and preterm neonatal deaths. The father, mother, and relatives were key decision makers for consenting to or declining MITS.
High Incidence of Asymptomatic Phase I IgG Seroconversion After an Acute Q Fever Episode: Implications for Chronic Q Fever Diagnosis
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Miguel , Espíndola Gómez Reinaldo , Trigo-Rodríguez Marta , Castro Carmen , Martínez Pérez-Crespo Pedro , Herrero Rocío , León Eva M , Bernal Samuel , Corzo Juan E , Merchante Nicolás 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the natural history of acute Q fever, including its clinical and serological evolution and progression to chronic Q fever.MethodsObservational cohort study (January 2011–September 2020) performed at Valme University Hospital (Seville, Spain). Inclusion criteria: (1) patients aged ≥18 years; (2) acute Q fever diagnosis, defined as suggestive symptoms in the presence of phase II immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer &gt;1:256; (3) at least 6 months’ follow-up after the acute Q fever episode. The incidence of seroconversion to a chronic Q fever serological pattern, defined as phase I IgG titers ≥1:1024 6 months after acute Q fever diagnosis, was assessed.ResultsDuring the study period, 117 patients were included. Thirty-four (29%) patients showed phase I IgG titers ≥1:1024 6 months after acute Q fever diagnosis. All patients with classic serological criteria for chronic Q fever diagnosis remained asymptomatic despite no specific treatment, with a median (quartile 1–quartile 3 [Q1–Q3]) follow-up of 26.5 (14–44) months in this subgroup. No cases of Q fever endocarditis nor other persistent focalized infection forms were observed during the study period.ConclusionsA significant proportion of acute Q fever patients develop classic serological criteria for chronic Q fever diagnosis in the absence of additional data of chronic Q fever. Consequently, phase I IgG cutoff titers &gt;1:800 should not be used as a criterion to consider such a diagnosis. The incidence of persistent focalized infection forms after acute Q fever is extremely low and does not justify the use of prophylaxis strategies.
The Dynamics of International Law Redux
Authors: Krisch Nico 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Law is constantly caught between stasis and dynamism, between the production of legal certainty and the adaptation to a changing environment. The tension between both is particularly acute in international law, given the absence of legislative mechanisms on the international level and the high doctrinal thresholds for change through treaties or customary law. Despite this apparent tendency towards stasis, international law is changing frequently and rapidly in many areas, though in ways that are not well understood. This article seeks to begin an inquiry into these ways of change, starting from two vignettes of recent change processes and presenting a number of conjectures about core elements of a conceptualization of change in international law. The resulting picture reflects significant variation across different areas of international law, multiple paths of change outside traditional categories, and states in different—and not always central—roles. Much change observed in contemporary international law travels on paths and is advanced by authorities created by social actors and their practices relatively independently from doctrinal representations. This presents a challenge for doctrinal categories, and it should provoke a broader, empirical reconstruction of the social life of international law today—a far more dynamic but also less orderly life than typically assumed.
Percutaneous closure of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm using simultaneous transseptal and transapical approach: a case report
Authors: Kim Isic , Oakley Luke , Shah Aamir , Makkar Raj R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm (PSA), also referred to as contained LV wall rupture, is a clinically uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition that can occur after myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery. If the anatomic characteristics of LV PSA are not eligible for the transfemoral approach, percutaneous closure of LV PSA can be technically difficult and appropriate approach selection may contribute to procedural success.

Case summary
An enlarging LV PSA was discovered in a 65-year-old man with Marfan syndrome and three prior cardiothoracic surgeries. Arterial access was not possible due to invagination of the previously placed surgical graft in the descending thoracic aorta. This was managed with a novel approach of simultaneous transseptal LV access and direct puncture of PSA through the chest wall followed by a vascular plug placement.

Discussion
This case demonstrates that percutaneous LV PSA closure using a hybrid approach of transseptal and direct apical puncture is a feasible and effective alternative for high-risk surgical candidates, although the anatomic characteristics are unsuitable for the transfemoral approach.
Gender Differences in Cooperative Environments? Evidence from The U.S. Congress
Authors: Gagliarducci Stefano , Paserman M Daniele 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper uses data on bill co-sponsorship in the U.S. House of Representatives to estimate gender differences in cooperative behaviour. We find that among Democrats there is no significant gender gap in the number of co-sponsors recruited, but women-sponsored bills tend to have fewer co-sponsors from the opposite party. On the other hand, we find robust evidence that Republican women recruit more co-sponsors and attract more bipartisan support on the bills that they sponsor. We interpret these results as evidence that cooperation is mostly driven by a commonality of interest, rather than gender per se.