bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured pH‐Indicator Films Based on Cassava Starch, Laponite, and Jambolan (Syzygium cumini) Fruit Manufactured by Thermo‐Compression
Authors: Gaviria Yessica Alexandra Rodriguez , Palencia Natalia Stefanía Navarro , Capello Cristiane , Trevisol Thalles Canton , Monteiro Alcilene Rodrigues , Valencia Germán Ayala 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work aims to develop pH‐indicator films based on cassava starch and anthocyanins from jambolan (Syzygium cumini) fruit by thermo‐compression, as well as to study the effect of laponite (Lap) on the physicochemical properties of the thermo‐pressed films. Films manufactured with Lap and jambolan fruit are more colorful than those produced without Lap, indicating that Lap can be used to preserve the purple color in the films during the thermo‐compression or during the exposition to the visible light irradiation. Physicochemical results such as chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal transitions, morphology, thickness, and density suggest that the molecular spacing in the amylose/amylopectin chains is altered with the presence of Lap and jambolan fruit. Finally, films containing Lap and jambolan fruit show visible changes from purple color to yellow color when used to monitor the freshness of round steak stored at −20, 4, and 20 °C. Based on colorimetric and physicochemical results, films based on cassava starch, Lap, and jambolan fruit can be manufactured by thermo‐compression and they can be used to monitor the meat freshness.
Frontotemporal dementia and COVID‐19: Hypothesis generation and roadmap for future research
Authors: Ng Kok Pin , Chiew Hui Jin , Hameed Shahul , Ting Simon Kang Seng , Ng Adeline , Soo See Ann , Wong Benjamin Y. X. , Lim Levinia , Yong Alisa C. W. , Mok Vincent C. T. , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Dominguez Jacqueline , Kim SangYun , Hsiung G. Y. Robin , Ikeda Manabu , Miller Bruce L. , Gauthier Serge , Kandiah Nagaendran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused tremendous suffering for patients with dementia and their caregivers. We conducted a survey to study the impact of the pandemic on patients with mild frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Our preliminary findings demonstrate that patients with FTD have significant worsening in behavior and social cognition, as well as suffer greater negative consequences from disruption to health‐care services compared to patients with AD. The reduced ability to cope with sudden changes to social environments places patients with FTD at increased vulnerability to COVID‐19 infection as well as to poorer clinical and social outcomes. Caregivers of FTD patients also demonstrate high burden during crisis situations. A proportion of patients with FTD benefitted from use of web‐based interactive platforms. In this article, we outline the priority areas for research as well as a roadmap for future collaborative research to ensure greatest benefit for patients with FTD and their caregivers.
Internal fixation of a femoral fracture using a locking compression plate in a goat
Authors: Hann Michelle , Connolly Niall , Rubio‐Martínez Luis M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA six‐month‐old male neutered pygmy goat presented for treatment of an acute, closed, mildly comminuted, complete, mid‐diaphyseal, displaced, transverse fracture of the right femur. Internal fixation of the fracture was carried out using a 3.5 mm narrow six‐hole locking compression plate. The goat recovered well and was discharged from the hospital with no complications. Follow‐up at one year revealed the goat was ambulating well with no right hindlimb lameness. Internal fixation in small ruminant species is seldom reported but with the increasing popularity of pet goats, fracture fixation is likely to become more common.
Time‐lapse mapping of crop and tillage interactions with soil water using electromagnetic induction
Authors: Brown Meghan , Heinse Robert , Johnson‐Maynard Jodi , Huggins David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAssessing spatiotemporal variations in soil water is critical to many decisions in precision agriculture. In dryland crop production regions with marginal precipitation, growers use crop rotations and surface preparation practices to build soil water natural capital over preceding seasons for cash crop production. However, significant gaps exist in quantifying linkages between topography, soil properties, and site‐specific agronomic practices to crop water use, and to predict temporal changes in soil water storage. In this study, we used time‐lapse electromagnetic induction to measure apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) to infer spatiotemporal variability of soil water while comparing crop (winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], spring peas [Pisum sativum L.], and spring barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]) as well as tillage (no till and chisel plow) on a split‐plot design in the Palouse region of northern Idaho. Weekly measurements of ECa were converted to soil water content using multiple linear regression with the help of principal component analysis. Separating factors of temporal stability and variability allowed us to derive crop‐specific calibrated relationships between soil water content and the additional variables growing degree days, elevation, clay content, and silt content. Results suggest that spring peas retained the highest water content, followed by spring barley and winter wheat. Resultant maps show highly structured and consistent patterns in ECa being driven primarily by crop type that are apparent even in uncalibrated imagery. Although soil ECa tended to be greater in no‐tillage compared with chisel plow treatments, we found no significant differences in soil water content between the two. This may be partially due to the limited number of years of no‐till practice at this site.
Ordinal regression: A review and a taxonomy of models
Authors: Tutz Gerhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrdinal models can be seen as being composed from simpler, in particular binary models. This view on ordinal models allows to derive a taxonomy of models that includes basic ordinal regression models, models with more complex parameterizations, the class of hierarchically structured models, and the more recently developed finite mixture models. The structured overview that is given covers existing models and shows how models can be extended to account for further effects of explanatory variables. Particular attention is given to the modeling of additional heterogeneity as, for example, dispersion effects. The modeling is embedded into the framework of response styles and the exact meaning of heterogeneity terms in ordinal models is investigated. It is shown that the meaning of terms is crucially determined by the type of model that is used. Moreover, it is demonstrated how models with a complex category‐specific effect structure can be simplified to obtain simpler models that fit sufficiently well. The fitting of models is illustrated by use of a real data set, and a short overview of existing software is given.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Fitting ModelsData: Types and Structure > Categorical DataStatistical Models > Generalized Linear Models
Psychological processes mediating the association between developmental trauma and specific psychotic symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bloomfield Michael A.P. , Chang Tinya , Woodl Maximillian J. , Lyons Laura M. , Cheng Zhen , Bauer‐Staeb Clarissa , Hobbs Catherine , Bracke Sophie , Kennerley Helen , Isham Louise , Brewin Chris , Billings Jo , Greene Talya , Lewis Glyn 
Published: January 2021

Experiencing psychological trauma during childhood and/or adolescence is associated with an increased risk of psychosis in adulthood. However, we lack a clear knowledge of how developmental trauma induces vulnerability to psychotic symptoms. Understanding the psychological processes involved in this association is crucial to the development of preventive interventions and improved treatments. We sought to systematically review the literature and combine findings using meta‐analytic techniques to establish the potential roles of psychological processes in the associations between developmental trauma and specific psychotic experiences (i.e., hallucinations, delusions and paranoia). Twenty‐two studies met our inclusion criteria. We found mediating roles of dissociation, emotional dysregulation and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (avoidance, numbing and hyperarousal) between developmental trauma and hallucinations. There was also evidence of a mediating role of negative schemata, i.e. mental constructs of meanings, between developmental trauma and delusions as well as paranoia. Many studies to date have been of poor quality, and the field is limited by mostly cross‐sectional research. Our findings suggest that there may be distinct psy­chological pathways from developmental trauma to psychotic phenomena in adulthood. Clinicians should carefully ask people with psychosis about their history of developmental trauma, and screen patients with such a history for dissociation, emotional dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Well conducted research with prospective designs, including neurocognitive assessment, is required in order to fully understand the biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying the association between developmental trauma and psychosis.
RETRACTED: Numerical investigation of nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a pillow plate heat exchanger using a two‐phase model: Effects of the shape of the welding points used in the pillow plate
Authors: Al‐Turki Yusuf A. , Yarmohammadi Ali , Alizadeh As'ad , Toghraie Davood 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, a numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer of Al2O3‐water nanofluids in a pillow plate heat exchanger with a two‐phase model is investigated. The flow regime studied in this study is in the laminar flow regime such that the Reynolds numbers are 250, 500, 750, and 1000 and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles remained so that the fluid stayed in Newtonian. The volume fraction of nanoparticles is 0, 1, 2, and 3 %. In this study, the effect of the shape of the welding points used in the pillow plate has also been investigated in such a way that three modes of circular welding point, large‐diameter elliptic welding point along with the flow and large‐diameter elliptic welding point perpendicular to the stream have been investigated. Numerical simulation results show that using nanofluid and increasing Reynolds number improves heat transfer, as well as circular welding point, shows the best heat transfer rate. The shape of the welding points has a direct relationship with the pressure drop and heat transfer, as well as the wake created behind the welding points, which have the highest wake and pressure drop respectively for the elliptic welding points perpendicular to the flow, circular and elliptical parallel to the flow. On the other hand, the addition of nanoparticles increases the friction factor and, on the contrary, increases the Reynolds number, which reduces the friction factor. Finally, the highest Reynolds number, the highest volume fraction of nanoparticles, and the circular welding point state show the highest PEC.
Using Machine Learning in Burnout Prediction: A Survey
Authors: Grządzielewska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccurate prediction provides a number of important benefits for research and decision-making. Occupational burnout is intertwined with individual, cultural, and social factors, the resolution of which requires methods that can deal with large amounts of data. The application of such methods capable of dealing with large datasets is a relatively novel research area in social science. For this purpose, this article presents insights into machine learning methods, mainly related to prediction tasks. A brief review of these techniques in burnout domain was applied. It is shown that the choice of a method depends on the presence of certain dependent variables. This paper also presents a comparison between novel and traditional approaches, which shows that the appropriateness of a technique depends on the aim of the research. The theoretical and practical implications of using machine learning methods in this context is also presented in the paper. It is found that a gap in the study of burnout exists which requires the attention of social work researchers. Through machine learning techniques, new theoretical models of burnout can be created. These algorithms can also provide new approaches to create data-driven interventions. Burnout monitoring systems supported by machine-learning algorithms can also be used in recruitment processes and to supervise employees. Applying machine learning methods in reducing burnout can also provide socio-economic benefits such as help to reduce employee turnover and improve general working conditions.
Risky choices and solidarity: disentangling different behavioural channels
Authors: Strobl Renate , Wunsch Conny 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigate whether informal support is sensitive to the extent to which individuals can influence their income risk exposure by opting into risk. In a laboratory experiment with slum dwellers in Nairobi, we measure subjects’ transfers to a worse-off partner under both random assignment, and self-selection into a safe or risky project. Our experimental design allows us to discriminate between different possible explanations for why giving behaviour might change when risk exposure is self-selected. We find that solidary support is independent of the partners’ choice of risk exposure, which contradicts attributions of responsibility for neediness and ex-post choice egalitarianism. Instead, we find that support depends on donors’ risk preferences. Risk-takers seem to feel less obliged to share the profits they earn from their choices compared to subjects who earn equally high profits by pure luck. Our results have important implications for anti-poverty policies that aim at encouraging risky investments.
Conceptualizing and Fostering the Quality of CES Through a Dutch National Network on CES (NEON)
Authors: Hartman Laura , Widdershoven Guy , van Baarle Eva , Weidema Froukje , Molewijk Bert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of Clinical ethics support (CES) services is increasing. Yet, questions about what quality of CES entails and how to foster the quality of CES remain. This paper describes the development of a national network (NEON), which aimed to conceptualize and foster the quality of CES in the Netherlands simultaneously. Our methodology was inspired by a responsive evaluation approach which shares some of our key theoretical presuppositions of CES. A responsive evaluation methodology engages stakeholders in developing quality standards of a certain practice, instead of evaluating a practice by predefined standards. In this paper, we describe the relationship between our theoretical viewpoint on CES and a responsive evaluation methodology. Then we describe the development of the network (NEON) and focus on three activities that exemplify our approach. In the discussion, we reflect on the similarities and differences between our approach and other international initiatives focusing on the quality of CES.
Error probability in polarization sensitive communication systems in terms of moments of the channel’s rotation angle
Authors: Schranz Ágoston , Udvary Eszter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolarization effects of channels such as turbulent free space and optical fibers can deteriorate the quality of polarization-sensitive communication schemes, for example, quantum key distribution. The exact nature of the channel is problematic to determine, and most theoretical results are based on approximations. We introduce a general model with probabilistic polarization angle rotation and analyze the average error it causes in terms of the moments of the probability distribution. For a small rotation angle variance, an inequality between distributions’ errors is considered based on their kurtosis values and potentially higher-order central moments. An upper bound is determined for the error probability, holding for all practically interesting scenarios.
Mental work ability: young professionals with mental health problems perceive lower levels of soft skills
Authors: Muschalla Beate , Kutzner Isabel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article published in Gruppe Interaktion Organisation (GIO) reports study results on soft skills and mental work ability in young professionals ready to enter the job market. The so-called soft skills (psychological capacities) are nowadays an entrance ticket into the modern working world. Thus, the question is to which degree young professionals who will soon enter the labor market are fit in their soft skills. Are physical or mental health problems related with deficits in soft skills? Which dimensions of soft skills are impaired?365 young professionals in advanced education from a technical college, who will soon enter the labor market, were investigated via online-questionnaire. Participants were asked to rate their self-perceived capacity level according to Mini-ICF-APP, mental and physical health problems, exam and education-related anxiety, self-efficacy and procrastination.Students with mental health problems had higher exam anxiety, and lower study-related self-efficacy as compared to students without health problems at all, or students with physical health problems. But, procrastination behavior was similarly present among students with mental health problems and students with physical health problems. Students with health problems did not report globally weaker capacity levels. Lower levels of capacities depend on the type of health problem: In students with mental health problems, social soft skills were impaired rather than content-related capacities. Physical health problems do not affect the self-perceived psychological capacities.In conclusion, focusing on specific soft skills in training and work adjustment could be fruitful in addition (or as an alternative) to training of profession-specific expertise.
Introduction to Endo-ERN–scope and mission
Authors: Pereira Alberto M. , Hiort Olaf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe official installation of the European Reference Networks in 2017 formed the foundation to improve quality and safety and access to highly specialized health care across the EU for patients affected by rare or low prevalence and complex conditions. The European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN) covers specific expertise from birth to senescence with a specific governance structure characterized by both a pediatric and an adult chair, and equal responsibilities for patient representatives and health care providers. The introduction on the scope and mission of Endo describes the complexity of the Endo-ERN mission and will thrive toward the ultimate aim and mission of the network of reducing health care inequalities across Europe. Specific knowledge and medical expertise of the existing rare endocrine condition is urgently needed, and therefore, raising awareness for Rare Disease Day from the Endo-ERN perspective is imperative.
Host States’ Monetary Sovereignty Within the Construct of Bilateral Investment Treaties
Authors: Aniodoh Adaeze Agatha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article considers assertions of the diminution of the monetary sovereignty of host states when they sign bilateral investment treaties. It discusses monetary transfer provisions in the model BITs of South Africa and Egypt and how their construction can affect states’ rights to regulatory autonomy in mitigating financial crises. This has become imperative in light of recent discussions on the possibilities for a systemic overhaul of BIT provisions, by pushing back against the diminution of host states’ sovereignty in order to respond to the force of globalization. Achieving this would require reform of existing model BITs to introduce appropriate exceptions in order to ensure policy space to protect the public interest.
Cross-linguistic influence in L1 processing of morphosyntactic variation: Evidence from L2 learners
Authors: Requena Pablo E. , Berry Grant M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe current study investigates cross-linguistic influence of second language (L2) learning on native language (L1) processing of morphosyntactic variation in proficient L2 learners immersed in their L1. Despite Spanish pre- and postverbal clitic pronoun positions being grammatical in complex verb phrases, preferences of use have been well attested in naturalistic language production. To examine whether those preferences obtain for comprehension in monolinguals, as well as how those preferences might be modulated by learning an L2 with fixed pronoun positions, we administered a self-paced reading experiment to 20 Spanish monolinguals as well as 22 proficient learners English (L1 Spanish). The results of a Bayesian mixed effects regression analysis suggest that preferences in production are echoed in comprehension—but only for the monolingual group. We find support for facilitation in the bilingual group precisely where both languages overlap, as well as evidence that bilinguals may not use clitic position as a reliable cue at all. We interpret the results as evidence that learning an L2 that lacks variation for a particular feature may lead to reduced sensitivity to that feature as a cue in an analogous L1 structure. We situate these results in an experience-based, shared-syntax account of language processing.
An examination of the joint effects of adolescent interpersonal styles and parenting styles on substance use
Authors: Meisel Samuel N. , Colder Craig R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe current study examined how parenting and adolescent interpersonal styles jointly influence youths’ abilities to form close relationships – a central developmental milestone – yet avoid substance use, which predominantly occurs in the presence of peers. Nine annual waves from an adolescent sample (N = 387) were used to assess (a) combinations of interpersonal and parenting styles from early to middle adolescence using longitudinal latent profile analysis, (b) the validity of these profiles on indicators of adjustment, and (c) the relationships between the profiles and growth in substance use across adolescence as well as substance-related consequences in late adolescence. The results supported five distinct combinations of interpersonal and parenting styles, and validity analyses identified both risk and protective profiles. The protective profile submissive–communal interpersonal style + high-warmth–authoritative parenting style was associated with indicators of positive social adjustment (e.g., friendship quality, resistance to peer influence) as well as lower levels of substance use. Significant differences also emerged with respect to substance-related consequences. The findings of this study highlight how combinations of adolescent interpersonal style and parenting render adolescents more or less successful at navigating peer relationships while avoiding substance use behaviors.