bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of indicators for the implementation of road preservations in the national road implementation centre of west nusa tenggara
Authors: Sowolino B O , Santosa W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Road preservation is a road handling activity starting from prevention, maintenance and repairs needed to maintain road conditions to function optimally to serve traffic. Preservation activities include routine maintenance work, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and widening to standards. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the indicators used in the implementation of road preservation activities based on the level of importance and satisfaction of the perceptions of stakeholders involved in road conservation activities in the West Nusa Tenggara National Road Implementation Agency. The indicators used in this study are structural indicators and functional indicators. The hole parameter in the structural indicator is an important parameter in the implementation in the implementation of preservation activities in the West Nusa Tenggara National Road Implementation Center with the satisfaction level in handling of very satisfied.
Application of Building Information Modeling toward Social Sustainability
Authors: Rahim N S A , Zakaria S A S , Romeli N , Ishak N , Losavanh S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Building Information Modeling (BIM) emerges as one of the megatrends that will modernize the Malaysian construction industry due to its vital role in collaboration, coordination and communication in real-time among construction industry stakeholders. In 2019, the government of Malaysia has mandated the use of BIM technology for public projects worths more than 100 million. However, less than half of the construction projects in Malaysia is currently using the BIM system. In order to encourage the implementation of BIM, there is an important need to educate the construction industry players with realistic information on BIM technology. Based on previous literature, disruption of BIM toward the traditional practice of construction activities can be managed through exposure and incremental of BIM knowledge. Therefore, this study explores the current awareness of construction industry players on the application of BIM toward sustainability aspects, particularly on social sustainability. A set of questionnaire survey is used to gather the required data and a total of 133 contractors have responded to the survey. The data were analyzed using the frequency distribution to indicate the highlighted application of BIM foresees by contractors that contribute to social sustainability. The finding indicates that the level of awareness is influenced by their knowledge on BIM. Therefore, providing a better understanding and wider exposure on BIM could improve the implementation of BIM in the construction projects, which align with the government agenda.
Application Of Hybrid Fibre Concrete As Advanced Material For Concrete Water Tank Construction
Authors: Azizan M A , Noriman N Z , Ishak N , Desa H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The challenge of construction and the complexity of civil engineering systems, especially in the construction of water tanks, are catching people’s attention around the world. Concrete, which is a priority feature and a mandatory used material, must have a very high strength and an acceptable degree of workability and properties. Efforts are being made in the field of concrete production to create and expand these mixtures of unusual characteristics and behaviors. The used of the hybrid fibre concrete in the concrete wall can reduce the costing factor in terms of constructions and maintenances beside that the quality assurance is highlighted. In addition, the sustainability in the water tank construction in Malaysia can be achieved using the advanced material in the construction.
Performance of Beting Bamboo (Gigantochloa Levis) as Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Tahara R M K , Hasnan M H , Azizan N Z N 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional construction materials are considered as exploitation to natural resources. Thus, numerous alternative materials using natural or waste materials are proposed for concrete production as a response for greener, renewable and biodegradable environments with regard to sustainability. Natural fibre such as bamboo has been rapidly proposed for many applications especially for concrete production in construction. In order to tackle the environmental issues and focusing on sustainability, natural fibre of Beting bamboo is proposed for partial replacement used as supplementary cementitious materials. Current study investigates the partial replacement of coarse aggregate with Beting bamboo in concrete mixtures. The outcome of the study discovers that through the mix design, replacing 5% by weight of Beting bamboo is an ideal % to achieve concrete mixture for structural and nonstructural application. However, with the increase % of Beting bamboo for partial replacement, the strength of the concrete gradually decreased.
SWAT Application for Gajahwong River Streamflow Simulation
Authors: Wardhana P N , Izzah S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gadjahwong River flows along Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) that is located in southern Java Island. Gadjahwong River has an important role for water supply purpose especially for agriculture activities. On the other hand, DIY is seeing 1.18% population growth each year. The population surge influences land cover change that can seize continuous discharge of Gadjahwong River. Therefore, continuous discharge simulation needs to be conducted for assessing Gadjahwong River water availability. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed for modelling Gadjahwong River streamflow discharge. The simulation result discharge was compared with observed data acquired at AWLR Wonokromo by using NSE and R2 statistical parameter. Finally, the statistical parameter was applied to justify quality of simulation. Findings showed that daily time step yielded NSE value of 0.61, R2 value of 0.79, and PBIAS value of -2.41%. Overall, the simulation showed good result based the statistical parameters.
Impact of 2016 intense drought to small tropical reservoir: An early onset and late recovery experience in Timah Tasoh, Malaysia
Authors: Razak N H , Mahmud M R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the hydrological drought impact during the extreme 2016 El-Nino to small tropical reservoir of Timah Tasoh, in Perlis, Malaysia. Small tropical reservoirs are important freshwater supplier due to its economic & strategic factors including (i) closer distance to inhabitants and agriculture footprints, (ii) easy access to the resource, and (iii) cheaper cost of water pipelines system. In theory, small tropical lakes or reservoirs are facing higher risk to drought compared to the bigger ones. However, detail information and evidence are required for site specific drought adaptation in the future especially the onset and offset of the drought at specific hydrometeorological and dam scale. Prior to that, a case study was conducted in one of the small-sized and shallow reservoirs of Timah Tasoh, Perlis to analyze the impact. The larger Pedu reservoir was selected as control site. Both reservoirs were having identical hydro-climatic characteristics (seasonality of rainfall). The observation on the rainfall and reservoir level data indicated that the small sized reservoir (Timah Tasoh) tends to dry about 2 months faster (reached dam critical level) and recover 1 month late compared to the normal dry season. In comparison with the Pedu reservoir, the drought onset and offset in Timah Tasoh was earlier and late respectively although the rainfall pattern is typical. The total impacted drying days for Timah Tasoh is 197 days compared to 78 days of Pedu (about 3 months longer). The findings indicate that the 2016 extreme drought impacted the Timah Tasoh small reservoir where they would suffer longer dry season and experienced slower recovery compared to the bigger Pedu reservoir. The outcome of this investigation signifies that the early drought onset monitoring should be implemented for the small sized reservoirs to take appropriate mitigation and preventive measures in adapting to the intense drought.
Optimization of Anthraquinone Dye Wastewater Treatment using Ozone in the Presence of Persulfate Ion in a Semi-batch Reactor
Authors: Hussin N A M , Abidin C Z A , Fahmi  , Ibrahim A H , Ahmad R , Singa P K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The degradation of anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 19 by using O3 and O3 / S2O8
2- in the advanced oxidation processes is studied to investigate the performance of these two systems. The response surface method with a Box-behnken Design was successfully applied to identify the relationship between operating variables such as initial concentration, S2O8
2- dosage and contact time in order to determine the optimum operating condition. The quadratic model for the percentage COD removal (response) proved to be significant for the degradation of the dye. The COD removal efficiency under Box-behnken Design and experimental test were found to be 96.2% and 83.9% under the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the result obtained showed that the O3 / S2O8
2- system is more effective than the O3 only in treating the Reactive Blue 19.
Effectiveness of Mushroom (Pleurotus Pulmonarius) Waste as Natural Coagulant for Kaolin Synthetic Water via Coagulation-Flocculation Process
Authors: Zainol N A , Goh H T , Syed Zainal S F F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation process is a widely used method in water treatment. In this study, mushroom waste was selected as natural coagulant to treat kaolin synthetic water via coagulation-flocculation process. Rotten mushroom and mushroom spent were evaluated separately. Functional group of mushroom wastes were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Optimum dosage and pH of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment were examined through jar testing. A comparative study on the effectiveness of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment was evaluated in terms of turbidity removal percentage and sludge volume index. Results obtained from jar testing show rotten mushroom and mushroom spent achieved turbidity removal efficiency of 99.73% and 99.25% respectively at optimal pH of 4 and optimal dosage of 5 mg/L whereas 99.91% of turbidity was eliminated by alum under optimum condition of pH 9 and dosage 25 mg/L. Under optimized condition, sludge volume index value obtained by rotten mushroom, mushroom spent and alum were 37.38 mL/g, 40.34 mL/g and 51.58 mL/g respectively. Overall, the finding indicated that mushroom waste could be a potential alternative to chemical coagulant since they are environmentally friendly, effective in turbidity removal, producing less sludge and pH independent.
Equilibrium kinetic and isotherm studies of dye colour adsorption on the banana peel
Authors: Bakar A A A , Mazlan W N R W , Izaham I H , Azizan N S , Ali K A M , Daud N M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Textile, paper, rubber, plastics, leather, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries extensively employ dyes. This study aims to determine the best equilibrium kinetic and isotherm model of dye colour adsorption using waste adsorbent. Methylene blue (MB) is a dye colour contaminant that can be removed from wastewater via adsorption due to its ease of usage and cost-effectiveness. This study employed banana peels (BPs), a low-cost and waste adsorbent, to remove MB from synthetic wastewater. A series of batch equilibrium adsorption studies investigated the effect of different dosages of 0.05 to 0.4 grams, contact time of 15 to 150 minutes, and agitation speed of 150 rpm. BPs dosage is added from 0.05 g to 0.4 g in 100 ml of Methylene Blue solution. The concentration of MB in the samples was determined using a HACH DR2800 Spectrometer. According to the kinetic study analysis, the adsorption of MB followed a pseudo-second order kinetic with an R2 of 0.9934. Furthermore, the Freundlich model fit better than others based on the equilibrium isotherm investigation, with an R2 of 0.7688. As a result, BPs can be used as an alternative waste adsorbent media for extracting dye colours from industrial effluent.
Effect of roof size on the rainwater harvesting tank sizes and performances using Tangki NAHRIM 2.0
Authors: Daud N M , Mahiran N N , Ruslan A K , Hamzah N , Bakar A A A , Badrealam S , Manan E A , Hamzah A F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Global warming and increasing population have direct impacts on water demand all over the world. Usage of potable water in Malaysia is high if compared with other countries and the source of potable water is mainly surface water. Rainwater harvesting is one of the popular alternatives to water resources around the world. However, even Malaysia is a country with an abundance of rainfall, rainwater harvesting is still unpopular. Different size of houses has different roof sizes which will subsequently require different sizes of rainwater tanks. This study utilized Tangki NAHRIM 2.0 (TN2); a web application to determine the optimal tank size for a rainwater harvesting system for five different roof sizes for non-potable demand. TN2 simulation uses a daily water balance model with rainfall input from a built-in database by adopting the yield-after-spillage (YAS) convention. The optimum rainwater tank sizes for five different roof sizes are found to be between 2.6 m3 and 3.8 m3 with water-saving efficiency values between 59% to 76.2% and 30.9% to 53.9% for storage efficiency. A bigger tank size offers higher watersaving efficiency but with lower storage efficiency. The output will be useful for the application of RWHS to residential houses.
Study on the different type of hydrological input towards the accuracy of catchment discharge hydrograph
Authors: Safrudin N A , Wahab M A , Makhtar S M Z , Seman N A , Kamarudzaman A N , Jaafar A S , Azlinda A G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For hydrological applications, several rainfall measurement techniques are available, each with its own spatial and temporal resolution and errors. When these rainfall datasets are used as input for hydrological models, errors and uncertainties are propagated throughout the hydrological system. This research paper is using rainfall data from two different measurement tools namely rain gauge and radar. Using these two types of measurement tools, it is expected dissimilar output due to the different working principle. Arau catchment in Perlis were selected as the study area. The rainfall data used is in the unit of intensity with time interval 10 minutes for both instruments. Storm Water Management Model 5 (SWMM5) were used as model to simulate the discharge of catchment area. Sensitivity analysis is carried out in this study to determine the major parameters that influence to shape of hydrograph and peak flow. Then, calibration process using five (5) storm events have been performed using available information such as conduits lengths, shape of conduits, impervious and pervious surface using trial and error process. Good correlation between observed and simulated hydrograph on 18 September 2006 has been found to be the best Correlation coefficient (r) and Root mean square error (RMSE) equal to 0.92 and 0.14 respectively. The same parameter used for that storm event was chosen to be applied in validation event. Validation results also in the acceptable range with r is found more than 50% correlation. Next, using the rainfall data captured by radar that converted using equation Z=40R1.6 developed by researcher [1] for the similar date of storm event and similar catchment conditions, all the hydrograph shape shows significant drop. As a conclusion, different type of measurement tools for rainfall gives significant different to the catchment discharge and can be seen that rain gauge are better to use to simulate rainfall compared to the radar.
Study of The Effect of Hot Water Extract of Some Plants on The Alfalfa Weevil Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Al Hamadani Alaa Hussein Abed , Al-Fatlawi Meeri Kadhim Mubasher , Ibrahim Mohamd Khalel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research was conducted in the laboratory of insects in the Faculty of Agriculture/the University of Muthanna about studying the effect of Hot water extract of the pomegranate peels, eucalyptus leaves and basil leaves in different stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) for Alfalfa Weevil Hypera postica. The results showed that the pomegranate peel extract superiority the percentage of mortality in all the stages used in the experiment over the other plant extracts mentioned above, followed by eucalyptus leaf extract and then basil leaf extract, The results showed that the pomegranate peel extract was effective in controlling the larval stage of the insect, especially st and 2nd larvae instars in addition to the adult stage, the highest percentage of mortality in the larval stage of the insect at the first larval age was (60.0, 46.6 and 26.7%) For all extracts respectively at 1.5 mg/ml after 5 days of treatment. In the pupae stage the highest percentage of mortality was (16.7, 10.0 and 03.3%) at the concentration of 1.5 mg/ml For all extracts respectively. while the effectiveness was very weak in controlling of the eggs and pupa of insect and all extracts. where the highest percentage of mortality in the eggs was at 1.5 mg/ml. It was (20.0, 10.0 and 03.3%) respectively after 7 days of treatment. While The highest mortality rate in adult was (53.3, 40.0 and 16.7%) At 1.5mg/ml for all extracts respectively compared with control treatment (00.0%) for all the insect stages. The plant extracts used in the experiment at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml did not show any effect on the rates of insect death after a day of treatment and for all stages that reaching (00.0%).
Effect of Nano Fertilizers and Its Applying Methods on Growth Parameters of Senna (Cassia Angustifolia) Seedling Plant
Authors: Kahlel Abdel-Monnem Sadalaha , Abdulla Ali Ahmed , Saadalla Hamza Atheer , Hamed Mohammad Hashem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe experiment was carried out at Plant Production Department, Agricultural Technical College, Mosul, Iraq at spring 2020 to investigate the effect of two Nano fertilizers kind (K 27%and Complex fertilizer Cu 1%, S 13%, Zn 11.5 %, Mn 6.5%, Fe7.5%, and Citric Acid 3.5 %.)and control (zero fertilizer). With three applying methods(spraying, soil addition, spraying + soil addition) on Senna seedlings. The treatments were layout in factorial experiment in RCBD Design with three replicates. The results showed that adding nano fertilizers by Spraying+ Soil Addition increase significantly plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. Also applying Complex Nano fertilizer increase significantly all the parameters(plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. compared with control and the increasing percentage were(62.12, 28.22,123.37, 19.19, 197.95, 154.48, 261.64, 114.26%)for the parameters respectively. The interaction treatments between nano fertilizers an applying methods show a significant effect for all the parameters.
Effect of Spraying With Benzyl Adenine and Licorice Root Extract on Some Vegetative Growth Characteristics and Chemical Content of Strawberry (Fragaria Ananassa Duch) CV. Rubygem
Authors: Hussein Suzan Ali , Al-Doori Mahmood Fadhil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted inside the plastic house of the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the Agriculture College - University of Kirkuk/Iraq, during the growing season 2020/2021. To study the effect of spraying the growth regulator of benzyl adenine in three concentrations (0, 30, 60) mg.L−1 and licorice root extract in three concentrations (0, 3000, 6000) mg.L−1 on some growth characteristics and chemical content of strawberry plants of Rubygem type. The obtained results were summarized that spraying with a concentration of 60 mg.L−1 of the growth regulator benzyl adenine BA led to a significant superiority in most growth characteristics and chemical content of strawberry plants (leaf area, leaves number, leaves area, dry matter in plant, leaf content of chlorophyll and nitrogen total) where reached (95.81 cm2, 15.78 leaf. plant−1, 1513.93 cm2, 38.68 %, 28.66 %, 3.24 %) respectively. While spraying with concentrations (30 and 60 mg.L−1)of benzyl adenine was significantly superior to the control treatment in the phosphorous and carbohydrates content of leaves. Spraying with a concentration of 6000 mg.L−1 of licorice extract significantly increased in most of the study traits (dry matter in plant, leaf content of chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorous and carbohydrates total) where reached (39.06 %, 25.69 mg.g−1, 3.09 %, 0.334 %, 3.38 %) respectively. Spraying with a concentration of 3000 mg.L−1 of licorice was significantly superior in the characteristics of leaf area and Leaves area, which reached (85.08, 1303.18) cm2 respectively.
The Effect of Foliar Spraying With Some Growth Stimulants on Improving Vegetative Growth and Mineral Content of Seedlings of Navel Orange and Blood Orange
Authors: Al Ahbaby Adib Jassem Abbas , Al-Ani Tahseen Khalifa Gharib 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out in lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University, during the season 2020-2021, as a factorial experiment by spraying with three levels of the growth regulator Brassinolide (BL) which are 0.00, 0.015, 0.025 Mg.L−1 and spraying with nutrient solution PRO-SOL (M) at three concentrations of.000, 200,400. Mg.L−1 to determine the effect of the growth regulator Brassinolide and the nutrient solution PRO-SOL in increasing the chemical content of some nutrients for the two types of navel orange V1 and blood orange V2. The results showed that blood orange V2 was significantly superior to the cultivar Navel V1 in the leaf area amounted to 2991 cm2, the percentage of dry matter in the leaves was 35.39% and the percentage of mineral elements in the leaves was %N, 1.619 %K, 1.37%P, 0.204,. And the best concentration Of Brassinolide 0.025 Mg.L−1 with a concentration of PRO-SOL400 Mg.L−1 has increased the dry matter percentage, leaf area and chemical content of elements for the navel orange variety V1, and the concentration of Brassinolide 0.015 Mg.L−1 with a concentration of PRO-SOL 400 mg.L-1 has increased the dry matter percentage, leaf area and chemical content of elements for blood orange variety V2.
Effect of Foliar Application For Proline, Zinc Sulphate on Growth and Yield of Okra Plant (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.)
Authors: Mhaibes Naser Habeeb 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The field experiment was carried out at the Researches Station and Agricultural Experiments/College of Agriculture/Al-Muthanna University during the summer agricultural season 2020 on Okra plant. To study foliar spraying application of Proline from three levels (0, 40 and 80) mg.L−1 and gave P0, P1 and P2 respectively, Zinc sulphate (0, 20 and 40) mg.L−1 and given these Zn0, Zn1 and Zn2. Using the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) and each treatment was treated in three replicates. Means were compared using L.S.D at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the experiment showed The treatment of P2 spraying with proline concentration (80 mg.L−1) was superior in the percentage of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves, Number of branches, Leaves area and Plant yield (g) (3.09%, 0.44%, and 2.88%, 9.04 branch plant−1, 0.723m2, 303.39 g.plant−1) respectively. The results also showed that Zn2 treatment was elevated (40 mg.L−1) on all measured indicators (3.29%, 0.37%, 2.83%, 8.76 branch plant−1, 0.763 m2, 334.35 g.plant−1). the outperformed was in the significant effect of interaction treatment proline and zinc sulphate P2Zn2 on all measured indicators.