bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on mental health in a UK student sample.
Authors: Catling Jon , Bayley Anna , Begum Zaynah , Wardzinski Charlotte , Wood Amy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting restrictions placed upon society have had a profound impact on both physical and mental health, particularly for young people.
Aims

The current study assesses the impact of COVID-19 on student mental health
Method:

Four hundred and thirty four first year Undergraduate students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires to assess the variables of interest with data being collected over a two year period. The data from each year was compared (216 and 218 students respectively).
Results

A MANOVA revealed that COVID-19 had a significant impact on self-reported levels of depression, anxiety and smartphone addiction – which all significantly increased from the 2020 to the 2021 cohort. The percentage of students who had a score which warranted a clinical diagnosis of depression increased from 30–44%, and for anxiety increased from 22 to 27% – those students who had a comorbid diagnosis rose from 12–21%. Smartphone addiction levels rose from 39–50%. Correlational analysis showed a significant relationship between Smartphone usage and depression and anxiety.
Conclusions

This research suggests that COVID-19 has had a major impact upon student mental health, and smartphone addiction. The importance of identifying predictive factors of depression and anxiety is emphasised, and suggestions for intervention are discussed.
New 3-D Combined Inversion Scheme Using Response Functions Free From Galvanic Distortion
Authors: Usui Yoshiya , Uyeshima Makoto 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The combined inversion using distortion-free response functions is an effective approach to robustly estimate the 3-D electrical resistivity structure against the distortions caused by near-surface resistivity anomalies. However, previous combined inversion analyses have presented a significant dependency of the inversion results on initial and prior models. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the following two new types of 3-D combined inversion using distortion-free response functions: one uses the phase tensor and the vertical and inter-station horizontal magnetic transfer functions, while the other uses the Network-MT response functions, in addition to the former. Because long dipoles are used, the Network-MT response function is negligibly affected by galvanic distortion. To access the combined inversion approach, we developed a novel 3-D inversion scheme combining the response functions of the usual magnetotelluric measurements and the Network-MT response function. The synthetic inversion analysis demonstrated that both of the proposed combined inversions can recover the characteristic resistivity distributions of the target model without a significant dependence on the initial models, at least in the shallow part. These results demonstrate that the combined inversions using only distortion-free response functions have the potential to estimate subsurface resistivity more robustly than what was previously thought. Furthermore, we confirmed that the combined inversion using the Network-MT response function can make the resultant resistivity structure closer to the actual one and enhance the stability of the inversion. This result suggests that the combined use of the Network-MT response function is the preferred approach.
Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Schistosomiasis in the City of Barra Mansa, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Espírito-Santo Maria Cristina Carvalho , Chieff Pedro Paulo , de Paula Fabiana Martins , França Francisco Oscar Siqueira , Gomes Filumena Maria Silva , Castilho Vera Lúcia Pagliusi , Gonçalves Elenice Messias Nascimento , Luna Expedito José Albuquerque , Pinto Pedro Luiz Silva , Pinto João Renato Rebello , Gryschek Ronaldo Cesar Borges 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are caused by several species of protozoa and helminths and are among the most frequent infections in many regions of the world, particularly in countries with limited access to adequate conditions of hygiene and basic sanitation, and have significant morbidity. There are few studies that assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Latin America. We investigated the prevalence of intestinal infections in five neighborhoods in the city of Barra Mansa / RJ / Brazil. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of geohelminths, protozoa and Schistossoma mansoni infection, using two parasitological methods in a population in a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Methods Cross-sectional cohort study, conducted from September 2010 to April 2011, in individuals over five years old, to assess the prevalence of IPIs in 5 peripheral neighborhoods of Barra Mansa, a city located in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Siderlândia, Cantagalo, São Luiz, Nova Esperança and Santa Clara, through the combination of two parasitological methods, Kato-Katz and Hoffman, having analyzed a total of six slides for each of the research participants. Results Results of samples from 610 individuals were collected and analyzed using the Kato-Katz (KK) and Hoffman (HH) methods. Approximately 60% of the individuals were female, with an average age of 39.72 years. Five hundred and fifty-one (84.8%) had access to treated water and 486 (74.8%) to the sewage network. The neighborhood of Siderlândia contributed most of the casuistry (42.9%). About 4% of participants reported a previous history of schistosomiasis. Six hundred and ten stool samples were evaluated using the Kato-Katz and Hoffmann methods. The results of parasitological examinations by the KK method showed low positivity for any diagnosed parasitosis. The HH method showed a more significant number of parasitic infections, with a higher frequency of Endolimax nana (17.4%), followed by Blastocystis spp (10.8%). The positivity in stool tests using the KK or HH methods was significantly higher in the Santa Clara neighborhood (p = 0.038), in people who use river water (p <0.001) and in people who reported having had schistosomiasis previously (p = 0.021). Conclusions The use of two stool samples examined by the KK and HH methods improved the detection sensitivity and evidenced the low prevalence of IPIs in the city of Barra Mansa (RJ) / Brazil.
Fly Ash Based Geopolymers With Refractoriness Properties in the Context of Circular Economy
Authors: Zarębska Katarzyna , Zabierowski Piotr , Gazda-Grzywacz Magdalena , Czuma Natalia , Baran Paweł 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nowadays appropriate waste management, along with efficient use of natural resources and implementing the concept of circular economy are an issue of high concern. The aim of the research was to synthesize geopolymers showing insulating properties, with specific strength and refractoriness parameters. For this purpose, waste from the energy sector was used which is produced in large quantities. The analyses were an attempt to manage fly ashes according to the concept of circular economy. For the synthesis of geopolymers perlite additive was used, the literature on the subject indicated that its addition had a positive effect on the refractoriness of the obtained materials. The SII4 geopolymer fully meets the requirements for thermal insulation in Poland (0.086 W/m∙K), as a material for single-layer walls. Of the two variables analyzed in the study, i.e., the influence of the mixture composition on the synthesis and the curing temperature of the geopolymer, only the first had a significant influence on the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient.
Effect of Continuous Hypertonic Saline Infusion on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Causal Analysis
Authors: Peng Chi , Yang Fan , Zhang Chenxu , Bo Lulong , Yu Jian , Peng Liwei , Li Weixin , Jin Zhichao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Intracranial pressure (ICP) control has long been recognized as an important requirement for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Nevertheless, the long-term effect of hypertonic saline (HTS) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect on clinical outcomes in TBI patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) settings.Methods: We retrospectively identified moderate to severe TBI patients from two public databases named Medical Information Mart for the Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV and eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). A marginal structural Cox model (MSCM) was used, with time-dependent variates designed to reflect exposure over time during the ICU stay. A trajectory modeling, based on intracranial pressure evolution pattern, allowed identification of subgroups. Results: Overall, in our cohort of 1955 eligible patients, 130 (6.65%) received HTS. MSCM indicated that the HTS was significantly associated with better Glasgow coma score [(GCS): hazard ratio (HR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-1.40, p = 0.041], higher infection complications [eg. urinary tract infection (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26-2.81, p = 0.002)], and increased ICU LOS (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.71-2.40, p < 0.001). A protective effect from GCS by the HTS was found in the subgroup with medium and low ICP. Conclusion: Our study revealed no significant difference in the all-cause mortality rates between patients receiving HTS or not. Increased occurrence rates of infection and electrolyte imbalance were inevitable outcomes caused by continuous HTS infusion. Although the study suggested the slight beneficial effects including better neurological outcome, the results warrant further validation.
Resection and Reconstruction of Acetabular Tumors involving Ischium and Inferior pubic bone with a Total Hip Replacement Using Posterior K-L Approach
Authors: ZUO DONGQING , Yu Mingyang , Mu Haoran , Sun Mengxiong , Shen Jiakang , Wang Chongren , Wang Hongsheng , Ma Xiaojun , Ruan Qi , Lv Yu , Sun Wei , Cai Zhengdong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the feasibility and short-term effect of posterior K-L (Kocher Langenbeek) approach in treating pelvic acetabular tumors involving ishium, inferior ramus of pubis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with acetabular tumors involving ishium, inferior ramus of pubis underwent surgery in Shanghai General Hospital from January 2016 to June 2020 with modified K-L approach, including 8 women and 12 men, patients aged from 19-76 years, including 6 chondrosarcomas, 6 osteosarcomas, 3 metastatic pelvic tumors, 2 epithelioid sarcomas, 3 giant cell tumor of bone. 20 patients were defined as pelvic Ennecking zone II + pelvic zone III involvement. All patients were followed up regularly in clinic, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, methods of reconstruction, duration of hospitalization, perioperative complications were recorded, and MSTS functional score was used to evaluate the patients' functional status.Results: All patients were followed up regularly in clinic with a mean 32 months (20-48 months). No patient died in the perioperative period, the average intraoperative bleeding was 1250 ml (800-2400 ml) in 10 patients, the mean operation duration was 2.6 hours (2-3.5 hours), no wound infection and delayed healing, the average duration of hospital stay was 12 days (10-16 days), the main complications during the follow-up included nervus cutaneus femoris posterior paralysis, 2 tumor recurrence, MSTS score was 22.5 points. 4 patients died during follow-up. Conclusions: The posterior K-L approach can be employed to effectively resect and reconstruction pelvic acetabular tumors invoving ishium, inferior ramus of pubis and reconstruct them properly. It is mainly suitable for malignant pelvic tumors involving the pelvic III and II + III regions. It also can often be available for biological reconstruction by using the acetabulum tantalum metal block, acetabulum reinforcing ring or autograft femur head. It is of highly safety and few perioperative complications, which is worth popularizing.
Comparison of Standard and Point of Care CD4+ T Lymphocyte Measurement Methods in HIV-1 Infected Turkish Patients
Authors: Deniz Müge Toygar , Akhan Sıla , Sayan Murat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives: CD4 + T lymphocytes are the primary targets of HIV infection. Absolute CD4 + T lymphocyte count is an indicator of immune competence in evaluating the stage of the disease, delayed diagnosis, need for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections and the treatment success. In this study, we aimed to compare standard flow cytometry and point of care CD4 + T lymphocyte measurement analysis techniques in terms of cost, effectiveness, compliance, reliability, time and the use of this method for disease progression for the HIV-1 infected Turkish patients. Methods: This study includes 116 patients with chronic HIV infection. Patients under treatment, over 18 years old are included. CD4 + T lymphocyte count and percentage were enumerated by flow cytometry, which is the gold standard method. Also hemoglobin level was studied. These parameters were also studied with a new POC method called Cartridge. The data obtained by two methods are compared. Results: Of the 113 patients, 96 (85%) were male, 17 (15%) were female, and the mean age of the group was 43. When compared two methods, Spearman's correlation coefficients demonstrated good correlation for hemoglobin (r = 0.764). For CD4 + T lymphocyte measurements, correlation coefficients were lower (r = 0.725 and 0.515 respectively) but still statistically significant (p < 0.001). According to Bland-Altman analysis, the average difference for hemoglobin shows strong correlation for different measurements. Conclusions: In resource-limited countries, not all patients can receive ART. Therefore, this test is important in order to instantly detect patients who are in urgent compliance to initiate treatment with CD4 measurement. Hemoglobin measurement is the best parameter between the two methods that can be compared in our opinion because it is determined in a more standardized way. As we found in our study, the high correlation of hemoglobin values may give an idea about the reliability of the new method.
What Is the Regional Differences in Carbon Emission Performance: Evidences From Energy-intensive Industries in China?
Authors: Chen Yao , Wu Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As the major energy consumers, energy-intensive industries are the key players in achieving carbon emission reduction targets. Grasping the carbon emission reduction potential has a direct impact on the implementation of the carbon emission reduction policies of China. The paper builds a super-Slack Based Model(SBM) considering this undesirable output, and calculates the carbon emission efficiency. Then, the Meta-Frontier Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index (MF-MLPI) is constructed to dynamically analyse the growth rate changes of the carbon emission efficiency and the regional differences in energy-intensive industries. Furthermore, the carbon emission reduction potential of the energy-intensive industries in various economic regions of China is discussed and the conclusions are as follows: there is a big difference in the carbon emission Technology Gap Ratios (TGRs) of the energy-intensive industries in different economic regions; the growth rate of the carbon emission efficiency of energy-intensive industries shows a trend of first declining and then slowly recovering while the carbon reduction potential generally shows a trend of decreasing and then rising; and the carbon emission reduction potential in the eastern region keeps decreasing. The following is recommended: the government should rationally distribute energy-intensive industries, promote industrial structure adjustment, optimize the energy structure according to the regional industrial advantages; increase investment in R&D, promote energy technology innovation in energy-intensive industries; prioritize the promotion of carbon peaks on key emission industries and regional, formulate differentiated plans for the regions and industries with different carbon emission reduction potentials.
Precordial Heart Image Disappearance: An Uncommon New Specific Ultrasound Sign for Diagnosing Neonatal Pneumothorax and its Thoracentesis Treatment at the Precardiac Area- an Pilot Study Reports from Two Centers
Authors: Liu Jing , Yan Wei , Yang Jian-Wei , Guo Guo , Qiu Ru-Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Use of lung ultrasonography (LUS) to diagnose neonatal pneumothorax (PTX) has been well documented. This study aimed to emphasize the value of precordial heart image (PHI) disappearance as an ultrasound sign to diagnose neonatal PTX and to perform thoracentesis at the precardiac area in patients with PTX.Methods: From March 2017 to May 2021,a total of 288 infants were included in this retrospective study, including 48 patients with PTX,48 patients with respiratory distress syndrome,48 patients with transient tachypnea,48 patients with meconium aspiration syndrome,48 patients with pneumonia,and 48 patients with normal lung tissue.LUS was performed routinely,and thoracentesis was performed under LUS guidance.Results: Eight of 48 patients with PTX (16.7%) presented with PHI disappearance on LUS,which exhibited a sensitivity of 16.7% and a specificity of 100% for diagnosing neonatal PTX.Needle aspiration was performed on 42 patients with PTX (87.5%),8 of whom underwent puncture at the precardiac area. Satisfying results were obtained in 40 patients (95.2%) without any complications.Conclusion: PHI disappearance is an uncommon ultrasound sign on LUS that can be used to diagnose neonatal PTX.Selection of the precardiac area as the puncture site is safe for the treatment of neonatal PTX in patients with PHI disappearance.
Effect of a Community Based Social Marketing Strategy on the Uptake of Clean Delivery Kits in Peri-Urban Communities of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Usmani Asra , Sultana Shazia , Nisar Imran , Zaidi Shehla , Jehan Imtiaz , Zaidi Anita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Neonatal and maternal mortality is high in Pakistan. More than half of all deliveries take place at homes by unskilled birth attendants and unhygienic practices are common. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of a community based strategy of social marketing promoting clean delivery kits on the uptake of clean delivery kits for use in home deliveries in peri-urban communities of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: Following a baseline survey of women who delivered in previous three months as a reference group, end line survey was conducted of women who delivered post intervention to assess need, use and availability of clean delivery kits. Availability of these kits was ensured at accessible stores in these communities. Quantitative component comprised of the baseline and post intervention surveys while qualitative information was sought from focus group discussions. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze quantitative data and ground theory to analyze qualitative data.Results: 603 women were surveyed in the baseline survey and 568 women in the end-line survey. The proportion of women using CDKs in home deliveries increased from 9.3% in the baseline survey to 23.8% (p=<0.05) after the social marketing intervention in the end-line survey. 40% of women reported non-use of kits due to inability to pay for it. However, focus group discussions revealed that many women thought that the kits should be free or should be included in the amount charged by birth attendants. After adjusting for other variables, age of the woman and education of the husband were found significantly associated with use of clean delivery kits in home deliveries. Conclusions: Social marketing strategy targeting pregnant women and their family members can play a significant role in improving use of clean delivery kits in home deliveries. However, many women expect that the cost of the kit to be included in charges paid to birth attendants. A combined approach targeting both pregnant women as well as traditional birth attendants may improve clean delivery kit use to higher levels and be sustainable in the long-run.
Effect of Ozone on Apelin and APJ Expressions in Rat Peritonitis-Constituted With Colon Anastomosis
Authors: Kilinc Leyla , Avci Sema , Soylu Hakan , Cakir Tugrul , Aslaner Arif , Akkoyunlu Gökhan , Ustunel Ismail 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Analyze the effect of ozone therapy on Apelin and APJ expressions in peritonitis constituted colon anastomosis.Methods: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. The rats were randomly assigned into three groups. In the colonic tissue samples Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (HE) and the Apelin and APJ immunostaining was applied. Also, Apelin and APJ protein levels between groups were determined with the Western-Blot method.Results: In the ozone therapy group, Apelin and APJ immunoreactivity was decreased compared to the anastomosis group. The protein levels of Apelin and APJ according to Western-Blot analysis are consistent with immunostaining. Conclusion: As a result, increased levels of Apelin and APJ in cecal punctuation and colonic anastomosis process can be deduced and said to contribute to worsening of tissue while it may be involved in return to normal of with treatment.
Semiconducting Poly (1-Aminoanthroquinone) Nanoscale Materials: Synthesis, Morphological Aspects and Novel Catalytic Applications
Authors: Sakthivel C. , Nivetha A. , Philip C. Suresh , I PRABHA 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The intrinsic semiconducting poly (1-aminoanthraquinone) (PAAQ) was synthesized by simple oxidative polymerization of 1-aminoanthraquinone (1-AAQ) as a starting monomer at 25, 40 and 50 °C in the biphasic system. In this study 70 % of perchloric acid (HClO4) was used to enhance the acidity and 30 % of hydrogen peroxide was acted as an oxidant. The synthesized polymers were undergone studies for their crystalline nature, surface morphology, optical behavior, and electrochemical potential using XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, Fluorescence, FT-IR, DLS, and CV techniques respectively. The average crystalline size were found to be 45.47, 45.88, 45.51 nm and its band gap energies were 3.95, 3.89, 3.70, 3.55 eV at 25, 40 and 50 °C respectively. The SEM images reveal the formation of well-defined nanocubes with sheets and the average particles size was 75 nm. The efficiency in electrochemical properties of synthesized PAAQ polymerare evident from its redox peaks and in impedance curve. The synthesized PAAQ polymer at 25 °C have showed an optimized catalytic conversion of CO2 to CO3 and the stabilized shielding property against X-Ray irradiation during radiation therapy.