bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydropower, Social Capital, Community Impacts, and Self‐Rated Health in the Amazon*
Authors: Mayer Adam , Lopez Maria Claudia , Cavallini Johansen Igor , Moran Emilio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNations in the global South have developed hydropower projects at a rapid pace in recent decades, most notably Brazil and China. These projects have long‐documented impacts on social and ecological systems, yet the implications of hydropower for human well‐being and health are not fully understood. In this paper, we examine eight Brazilian Amazon communities in the Madeira river basin, near the Jirau and Santo Antônio dams (sample size: 536 households). We evaluate how impacts on community resources, social capital, and the experience of resettlement influence self‐rated health in these communities. Results suggest that the dams strained community resources and social capital, which were associated with reductions in self‐rated health. In particular, cognitive social capital (i.e., trust) is lower after the dams' construction. The effect of resettlement and compensation is more nuanced and qualified. This work suggests that hydropower projects have broad deleterious impacts on well‐being and health of human populations in hosting regions and that better directed efforts are required on the part of dam developers to reduce these negative outcomes.
Elevated tyrosine results in the cytosolic retention of 3‐deoxy‐d‐arabino‐heptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kanaris Michael , Poulin Jimmy , Shahinas Dea , Johnson Daniel , Crowley Valerie M. , Fucile Geoffrey , Provart Nicholas , Christendat Dinesh 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYThe shikimate pathway plays a central role in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and specialized metabolites in plants. The first enzyme, 3‐deoxy‐d‐arabino‐heptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase (DAHPS) serves as a key regulatory point for the pathway in various organisms. These enzymes are important in regulating the shikimate pathway in multiple microbial systems. The mechanism of regulation of DAHPS is poorly understood in plants, and the role of tyrosine (Tyr) with respect to the three DAHPS isozymes fromArabidopsis thalianawas investigated.In vitroenzymatic analyses established that Tyr does not function as an allosteric regulator for theA.thalianaDAHPS isozymes. In contrast,ArabidopsisT‐DNA insertional mutants for theDAHPS1locus,dahps1, are hypersensitive to elevated Tyr. Tyr hypersensitivity can be reversed with tryptophan and phenylalanine supplementation, indicating that Tyr is affecting the shikimate pathway flux in thedahps1mutant. Tyr treatment ofArabidopsisseedlings showed reduced accumulation of overexpressed DAHPS2 in the chloroplast. Further, bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies revealed that DAHPS2 interacts with a 14‐3‐3 protein in the cytosol, and this interaction is enhanced with Tyr treatment. This interaction with 14‐3‐3 may retain DAHPS2 in the cytosol, which prevents its ability to function in the chloroplast with elevated Tyr.
Breed‐specific vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and radiographic left atrial dimension in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: Reference interval study
Authors: Bagardi Mara , Locatelli Chiara , Manfredi Martina , Bassi Jessica , Spediacci Carlotta , Ghilardi Sara , Zani Davide D. , Brambilla Paola G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are predisposed to developing myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), with radiographs frequently used to screen for evidence of left‐sided cardiomegaly secondary to MMVD. Vertebral heart size (VHS), vertebral left atrial size (VLAS), modified VLAS (M‐VLAS), and radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD) are reported as objective measurements of global heart size and left atrial size. Normal VHS in CKCS (10.6 ± 0.5) is reportedly higher than the non‐breed‐specific value (9.7±0.5). Breed‐specific VLAS, M‐VLAS, and RLAD cut‐offs have not been reported in CKCS. The aim of this prospective reference interval study was to describe the VHS, VLAS, M‐VLAS, and RLAD values for 30 clinically healthy adult CKCS. Inclusion criteria were unremarkable physical examination, normal echocardiography, and thoracic radiographs without malposition/abnormalities. There were 22 female and eight male dogs. Ages ranged from 1 to 6 years. The VHS mean value in our sample was 10.08 ± 0.56 (95% range, 9.87‐10.29). This was significantly greater than a previously published general canine reference value of 9.7 ± 0.5 and significantly less than a previously published CKCS breed‐specific value of 10.6 ± 0.5 (P < 0.01). Mean VLAS, M‐VLAS, and the RLAD values in our study were 1.79 ± 0.3 (95% range, 1.68‐1.9), 2.23 ± 0.44 (95% range, 2.06‐2.39), and 1.2 ± 0.34 (95% range, 1.07‐1.33), respectively. These were significantly less than previously published reference interval values (P < 0.001). The VHS, M‐VLAS, and the RLAD were not affected by sex, body weight, or BCS; whereas the VLAS was moderately affected by body weight. Findings from this study can be used as background for future thoracic radiographic assessments in CKCS.
Application of Conditional Space-Time Proper Orthogonal Decomposition to Engine In-Cylinder Flow Analysis
Authors: Gao Rui , Teh Kwee-Yan , Zhao Fengnian , Liu Mengqi , Hung David L. S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The cycle-to-cycle variation of engine in-cylinder flow is critical for the improvement of performance for spark-ignition internal combustion engines. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), with its ability to extract the most energetic fluctuation structure, is widely used to analyze the in-cylinder flow and understand the variation of its evolution in different cycles. However, both of the two existing approaches to use POD for engine flow analysis encounter difficulties when applied for this purpose. Phase-dependent POD decomposes a data set in which all samples are taken at a certain engine phase (crank angle) from different cycles, but the POD results at neighboring engine phases do not necessarily evolve coherently. Phase-invariant POD, when applied to analyze tumble flow, stretches/compresses and interpolates the flow fields obtained at different engine phases onto the same grid, and this deformation means that phase-invariant POD results are no longer significant in energy sense. To overcome these difficulties, we propose an adaptation of conditional space-time POD to work with engine flow, with which the flow within a range of engine phases in each cycle is considered as one sample. It is shown that the low-order modes obtained with conditional space-time POD capture fluctuation structures that evolve coherently, and these results are compared and contrasted with those of the two existing POD approaches. A reduced-order model of the engine in-cylinder flow is constructed based on the partial sum of the modes and coefficients obtained from the conditional space-time POD, and it is shown that this new reduced-order model identifies structure that is both coherent spatially and temporally.
Boosting the Capabilities of Gas Stand Data Acquisition and Control Systems by Using a Digital Twin Based on a Holistic Turbocharger Model
Authors: Serrano José R. , García-Cuevas Luis Miguel , Samala Vishnu , López-Carrillo Juan Antonio , Mai Holger 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During the last decade, increasingly advanced turbocharger models have been developed for sizing, engine matching and one-dimensional modeling. This work goes further and, instead of using these models for turbocharged engines design or analysis, it implements them in the data acquisition and control system of a turbocharger gas stand. This way, interesting new capabilities arise. The paper shows that there are important synergies between advanced turbocharger gas stand data acquisition and control systems and the modern turbocharger holistic models that have not been deeply exploited until now. They can be summarized as: on-line heat fluxes analysis, in-situ outlier testing points detection, testing time saving and using digital-twin techniques to monitor turbocharger health during testing.
Environment and Economic Assessment of CNG and Gasoline Engines: An Experimental Analysis
Authors: Sahoo Sridhar , Srivastava Dhananjay Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of alternative fuels in automobile engines is gaining more popularity among the scientific community than ever. Most of the research emphasis is on the performance and combustion aspect of the engine. The environmental and economic evaluation of these fuels is also equally important for sustainability, which is relatively unexplored and needs to be evaluated. The present work compares the environmental and economic aspects of a spark ignition (SI) engine fueled with gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG). To study the environmental impact, regulated and unregulated emissions coming out from the engine exhaust were compared. For economic assessment, annual fuel consumption and associated fuel cost were compared under similar engine operating conditions. The economic cost associated with the environmental impact was calculated based on carbon dioxide emissions and compared using carbon pricing. Experiments on an SI engine were performed at various engine loads to achieve a range of operating conditions to evaluate fuel consumption and engine-out emissions. Results show that a CNG fueled engine has 12.7% lower brake specific fuel consumption than the gasoline engine, which leads to 56% lower fuel cost. It is due to the cumulative effect of higher calorific value and the lower fuel price of CNG compared to gasoline. Additionally, average environment emission and associated cost due to carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduced by 29% using CNG over gasoline. This study shows that CNG can lead to lesser fuel consumption and its associated fuel and environment cost compared to gasoline.
Development of Simplified Analysis Process for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) of Exhaust Manifold During Concept Stage
Authors: Ghodke Nilesh , Pimpalkar Prashant , Saikia Bhaskarjyoti , Miller Joshua , Kulkarni Girish , Meyer Brandon , Deshpande Sanjay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The exhaust manifold is one of the key components of an engine exhaust system. Exhaust manifold simulations are time-consuming as they require modeling of complex thermal loading and multiple non-linearities like friction and plasticity. This proves to be a big constraint for using Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) for exhaust manifolds as it involves running a large number of models specified by a Design of Experiments (DOE). Also, during the initial phase of design development, it seems reasonable to compromise the accuracy of simulations at the cost of speed for getting correct feedback on design direction. Hence, the main objective of the current work was to a develop simplified analysis process for Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) and modal analysis of exhaust manifold.
At the concept stage, due to the lack of availability of accurate thermal Boundary Conditions (BCs) and the goal to simplify modeling, thermal BCs are assumed with the help of thermal data history instead of accurate thermal BCs from test cells. Similarly, other aspects such as ‘level of component assembly required’, ‘mechanical loading’, and ‘outputs to be monitored for making design decisions were also investigated to come up with a simplified approach. The proposed approach was quick compared to the conventional one. This approach was implemented on a few heavy-duty and mid-range engine programs to check repeatability. It was observed that the proposed analysis approach provides correct design direction with a significantly reduced computational time of up to 80%. Incorporating the simplified approach for the MDO process has made it more practical and feasible for implementation during the concept design cycle in the early stage of an engine development program.
The Interaction Between the Pilot Diesel and Main NG Injection in an HPDI Engine
Authors: Diepstraten N. , Seykens X. L. J. , Somers L. M. T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
High Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) is a promising combustion concept for the medium- to heavy-duty industry to combat climate change. It uses a pilot diesel injection to ignite the main fuel consisting of Natural Gas (NG). Both fuels are injected directly in the combustion chamber using a dedicated HPDI injector. A significant reduction in carbon dioxide and Particulate Matter is achieved due to the use of the low carbon fuel NG. It is seen in literature that a small change in pilot injection can have profound consequences for the HPDI combustion. This research investigates the interaction between the pilot diesel and main NG injection. A relevant Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation environment is setup for this purpose. It is observed that the main NG injection needs a certain pilot trigger to ignite. Furthermore, local conditions are derived to investigate driving factors of the ignition of NG on a fundamental level. A homogeneous reactor model is used to study Ignition Delay (ID) behavior by varying the initial temperature as well as concentrations of radicals H and OH. It is observed that both factors influence the ID. The initial temperature has to be higher than 1110 K in order to ignite the NG under enginelike conditions. It is also observed that species mole fractions H or OH encountered in the CFD simulation can reduce the ID up to 5.5 crank angle degrees at a speed of 1400 RPM.
Evaluation of CPAP mask performance during 3 years of mask usage: time for reconsideration of renewal policies?
Authors: Laaka Atte , Hollmén Maria , Bachour Adel 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask renewal policies vary inside and between countries. There are no independent studies on the optimal mask renewal frequency. We aimed to evaluate CPAP mask function over time in a real-life clinical setting, and to compare the results against current renewal policies.MethodsDaily performance data of 1846 CPAP masks (65% nasal, 22% nasal pillows, 12% oronasal) were recorded from 450 participants (68% male, mean age 59 years) with obstructive sleep apnoea. The unintentional leak, Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (CPAP-AHI) and usage data were exported from the CPAP device.ResultsOf 656 324 nights of CPAP usage, the mean renewal time was 497 days (SD 327), mean leak 5.7 L/min (SD 8.1) and CPAP-AHI 3.8 events/h (SD 3.6). The difference in mean leak between one (5.2 L/min, SD 7.5), 12 (6.0 L/min, SD 10.2) and 24 months (5.8 L/min, SD 7.5) was minimal (p=0.59). Mean CPAP-AHI remained normal and unchanged in nasal masks and pillows up to 30 months, and was highest in oronasal masks. Different mask manufacturers performed similarly. Masks’ daily or total usage did not affect the results. Shifting the mask renewal policy to 24 months could reduce the mask-related cost up to 50%–88%.ConclusionsNasal masks and pillows could be used at least 2 years without significant changes in unintentional leak and CPAP-AHI. We suggest updating the mask renewal policies of nasal masks and pillows; results on oronasal masks and other manufacturers CPAP devices need further verification.
On the role of leptonic CPV phases in cLFV observables
Authors: Abada A. , Kriewald J. , Teixeira A. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn extensions of the standard model by Majorana fermions, the presence of additional CP violating phases has been shown to play a crucial role in lepton number violating processes. In this work we show that (Dirac and Majorana) CP violating phases can also lead to important effects in charged lepton flavour violating (cLFV) transitions and decays, in some cases with a significant impact for the predicted rates of cLFV observables. We conduct a thorough exploration of these effects in several cLFV observables, and discuss the implications for future observation. We emphasise how the presence of leptonic CP violating phases might lead to modified cLFV rates, and to a possible loss of correlation between cLFV observables.
Airborne quantum key distribution with boundary layer effects
Authors: Yu Hui-Cun , Tang Bang-Ying , Chen Huan , Xue Yang , Tang Jie , Yu Wan-Rong , Liu Bo , Shi Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the substantial progress of terrestrial fiber-based quantum networks and satellite-based quantum nodes, airborne quantum key distribution (QKD) is now becoming a flexible bond between terrestrial fiber and satellite, which is an efficient solution to establish a mobile, on-demand, and real-time coverage quantum network. However, the random distributed boundary layer is always surrounded to the surface of the aircraft when the flight speed larger than 0.3 Ma, which would introduce random wavefront aberration, jitter and extra intensity attenuation to the transmitted photons. In this article, we propose a performance evaluation scheme of airborne QKD with boundary layer effects. The analyzed results about the photon deflection angle and wavefront aberration effects, show that the aero-optical effects caused by the boundary layer can not be ignored, which would heavily decrease the final secure key rate. In our proposed airborne QKD scenario, the boundary layer would introduce ∼3.5 dB loss to the transmitted photons and decrease ∼70.9% of the secure key rate. With tolerated quantum bit error rate set to 8%, the suggested quantum communication azimuth angle between the aircraft and the ground station is within 55∘. Furthermore, the optimal beacon laser module and adaptive optics module are suggested to be employed, to improve the performance of airborne QKD system. Our detailed airborne QKD performance evaluation study can be performed to the future airborne quantum communication designs.
B7-H3 Suppresses Antitumor Immunity via the CCL2–CCR2–M2 Macrophage Axis and Contributes to Ovarian Cancer Progression
Authors: Miyamoto Taito , Murakami Ryusuke , Hamanishi Junzo , Tanigaki Kenji , Hosoe Yuko , Mise Nathan , Takamatsu Shiro , Mise Yuka , Ukita Masayo , Taki Mana , Yamanoi Koji , Horikawa Naoki , Abiko Kaoru , Yamaguchi Ken , Baba Tsukasa , Matsumura Noriomi , Mandai Masaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

New approaches beyond PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition are required to target the immunologically diverse tumor microenvironment (TME) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). In this study, we explored the immunosuppressive effect of B7-H3 (CD276) via the CCL2–CCR2–M2 macrophage axis and its potential as a therapeutic target. Transcriptome analysis revealed that B7-H3 is highly expressed in PD-L1–low, nonimmunoreactive HGSOC tumors, and its expression negatively correlated with an IFNγ signature, which reflects the tumor immune reactivity. In syngeneic mouse models, B7-H3 (Cd276) knockout (KO) in tumor cells, but not in stromal cells, suppressed tumor progression, with a reduced number of M2 macrophages and an increased number of IFNγ+CD8+ T cells. CCL2 expression was downregulated in the B7-H3 KO tumor cell lines. Inhibition of the CCL2–CCR2 axis partly negated the effects of B7-H3 suppression on M2 macrophage migration and differentiation, and tumor progression. In patients with HGSOC, B7-H3 expression positively correlated with CCL2 expression and M2 macrophage abundance, and patients with B7-H3–high tumors had fewer tumoral IFNγ+CD8+ T cells and poorer prognosis than patients with B7-H3–low tumors. Thus, B7-H3 expression in tumor cells contributes to CCL2–CCR2–M2 macrophage axis–mediated immunosuppression and tumor progression. These findings provide new insights into the immunologic TME and could aid the development of new therapeutic approaches against the unfavorable HGSOC phenotype.
Depressive Symptoms, Cardiac Structure and Function, and Risk of Incident Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in Late Life
Authors: Vu Bartholdy Katja , Claggett Brian L. , John Jenine E. , Skali Hicham , Solomon Scott D. , Mosley Thomas H. , Williams Janice E. , Kucharska‐Newton Anna , Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Shah Amil M. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Depressive symptoms are associated with heightened risk of heart failure (HF), but their association with cardiac function and with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in late life is unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of depression in HFpEF and in HFrEF in late life, and the association of depressive symptoms with cardiac function and incident HFpEF and HFrEF.

Methods and Results

We studied 6025 participants (age, 75.3±5.1 years; 59% women; 20% Black race) in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study at visit 5 who underwent echocardiography and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale questionnaire. Among HF‐free participants (n=5086), associations of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score with echocardiography and incident adjudicated HFpEF and HFrEF were assessed using multivariable linear and Cox proportional hazards regression. Prevalent HFpEF, but not HFrEF, was associated with a higher prevalence of depression compared with HF‐free participants (
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.59, respectively). Among HF‐free participants, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score was not associated with cardiac structure and function after adjusting for demographics and comorbidities (all
P
>0.05). Over 5.5‐year follow‐up, higher Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score was associated with heightened risk of incident HFpEF (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI], 1.06 [1.04–1.12];
P
=0.02), but not HFrEF (HR [95% CI], 1.02 [0.96–1.08];
P
=0.54), independent of echocardiographic measures, NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), troponin, and hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) (HR [95% CI], 1.06 [1.00–1.12];
P
=0.04).

Conclusions
Worse depressive symptoms predict incident HFpEF in late life, independent of common comorbidities, cardiac structure and function, and prognostic biomarkers. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms linking depression to risk of HFpEF.