bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Agricultural Waste for the Production of Xylooligosaccharides Using Response Surface Methodology and Their In Vitro Prebiotic Efficacy
Authors: Kathiresan Nagamani , Gopal Lingesh , Naveenathan Renuka , Karuppiah Vijay , Abraham David Ravindran , Thangavel Kavitha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Air pollution is a prominent problem recently faced in various parts of India due to the burning of stubbles (coconut husk, corn cob, paddy stubbles, sugarcane bagasse, etc.) which are rich in a lignocellulosic component that can be converted into a prebiotic known as Xylooliogsaccaride (XOS). They can be produced by autohydrolysis, acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan. In the present study, Xylan was extracted from sugarcane bagasse using two alkalis (NaOH and KOH) and the yield was compared. Xylooligosaccharide produced by enzymatic hydrolysis and their factors influencing the yield were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. Xylan and Xylooligosaccharide was characterized by FTIR, NMR, XRD, TGA and ESI-MS. Xylooligosaccharides was investigated for their prebiotic potential by in vitro study. The maximum (Relative yield of 86%) yield of xylan was observed in 20% of NaOH. Xylan peaks at 3762cm-1, 3347 cm-1, 2917cm-1 represents the OH and CH stretching of xylan. The main signals at 4.26 (H-1), 3.19 (H-2), 3.59 (H-3), 3.63 (H-4) and 3.98 (H-5) ppm determines the existence of xylan. The higher amount of XOS is pH 4.75, temperature 45°C, enzyme 4U/ml and for time of 16h. The spectrum of 5.0-5.40ppm and 4.30-4.60ppm represents the α anomeric and β anomeric protons in XOS. They are resistant digested and the reaching percentage to the intestine is 95% unhydrolyzed. The maximum prebiotic index was noted in L.plantarum (1.92) and L.fermentum (1.61). The highest prebiotic index and score was observed in L.plantarum (1.9) and L.fermentum (17). The maximum bacteriocin production of Enterococcus faecium against E.fecalis (13mm) and Streptococcus pyogenes (11mm). Therefore, utilization of agricultural residues for a value-added product not only shows a great impact on environmental issues but also could double the farmer’s income
Immunogenicity of heterologous prime/booster-inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccine: real-world data
Authors: Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Suntronwong Nungruthai , Phowatthanasathian Harit , Yorsang Ritthideach , Thongmee Thanunrat , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Auphimai Chompoonut , Wongsrisang Lakkhana , Klinfueng Sirapa , Sudhinaraset Natthinee , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Limited data are available on the responses to heterologous vaccine regimens for SARS-CoV-2, especially among countries using inactivated and adenoviral-vectored vaccines. A total of 77 participants who received heterologous prime/booster-inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac) and adenoviral-vectored vaccine (AZD1222) were enrolled in our study. There were two comparison groups vaccinated with the homologous CoronaVac (N = 80) and AZD1222 (N = 80) regimen. All sera samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD) IgG using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The neutralizing activity in a subset of serum samples was tested against the original Wuhan strain and variants of concern, B.1.1.7, B.1.617.2 and B.1.351, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). The heterologous CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccine induced higher levels of spike RBD-specific IgG than that of two-dose homologous CoronaVac or AZD1222 vaccines (p < 0.001). Sera samples of the CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccine recipients elicited higher neutralizing antibody activity against the original Wuhan and all variants of concern than in the recipients of the two-dose CoronaVac. Nevertheless, there were no difference in neutralizing activity against the original Wuhan and B.1.1.7 strain among heterologous CoronaVac/AZD1222 and homologous AZD1222 vaccine recipients.
Microspectroscopic visualization of how biochar elevates the soil organic carbon ceiling
Authors: Weng Zhe (Han) , Zwieten Lukas Van , Rose Michael , Singh Bhupinder Pal , Tavakkoli Ehsan , Joseph Stephen , Macdonald Lynne , Kimber Stephen , Morris Stephen , Rose Terry James , Archanjo Bráulio , Tang Caixian , Franks Ashley , Diao Hui , Kopittke Peter , Cowie Annette 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The soil carbon saturation concept suggests an upper limit to store soil organic carbon (SOC), set by the mechanisms that protect soil organic matter from decomposition. Biochar has the capacity to protect new C including rhizodeposits and microbial necromass. However, the decadal scale mechanisms by which biochar influences the molecular diversity, spatial heterogeneity, and temporal changes of SOC persistence remain unresolved. Here we show that the soil C saturation ceiling of a Ferralsol under subtropical pasture could be elevated by 2 Mg (new) C ha-1 by the application of Eucalyptus saligna biochar 8.2 years after the first application. Using one, two-, and three-dimensional analyses, significant increases were observed in the spatial distribution of root-derived 13C in microaggregates (53-250 µm, 11 %) and new C protected in mineral fractions (<53 µm, 5 %). Microbial C-use efficiency was concomitantly improved by lowering specific enzyme activities, contributing to the decreased mineralization of native SOC by 18 %. We provide evidence that the global SOC ceiling can be elevated using biochar in Ferralsols by 0.01-0.1 Pg new C yr-1.
The characteristics of particulate matter in different subway station environmental control systems in Beijing
Authors: Wang xinru , xia liang , pei fei , wang zu , liu yiqiao , chang li , pan song 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The characteristics of inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) in urban subway stations can have a major impact on passengers’ health. Existing research largely fails to focus on different environmental control systems and there are few studies focused on different pollution conditions. This study therefore focused on measuring and comparing the characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 at subway stations with three control systems in Beijing different pollution conditions. Stations including three types of control system (open, closed and screen door) and outside were monitored and analyzed using a general linear model. The concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 at different locations, such as on platforms, in carriages and in working areas, was compared and analyzed under different external pollution conditions. The results show that at different environment control systems the characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 are different. The concentrations of particles in closed system are generally higher than screen system at platform. While the pollution in carriage is heavier for open system than that of screen system. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 91%, 90% and 83.84% at closed, open and screen system, respectively. While, the PM2.5 and PM10 levels inside the stations were strongly correlated with the outdoor conditions regardless of the environmental control system. This is the first study to show the PM concentration characteristics for different subway environmental control systems. As such, it provides a solid foundation for air clean studies at subway stations with different control systems.
Protective effect of Curcumin against rotenone-induced Substantia nigra pars compacta neuronal dysfunction
Authors: Darbinyan Lilit Vahan , Hambardzumyan Lilia Eduard , Manukyan Larisa Paylak , Simonyan Karen Vazgen , de Vasconcelos Carlos Augusto Carvalho , Sarkisian Vaghinak Haykaz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rotenone is involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and curcumin may prevent or effectively slow the progression of Parkinson disease (PD). Previous research has shown that the naturally occurring phenolic compound curcumin can reduce inflammation and oxidation, making it a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. The present study involves investigation of rotenone induced histological changes in the brain areas, hippocampus using Nissl staining after 35 day of subcutaneous injection administration of rotenone in adult male rats. In this study, we investigated whether curcumin protects against rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in a rat model by in vivo electrical recording from Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Curcumin treatment significantly improved electrical activity of neurons in the SNc of rotenone-induced PD model rats. The pattern of histological alterations corresponds with electrophysiological manifestations.
Persistent intestinal dysbiosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazilian patients
Authors: Junior Alexandre Soares Ferreira , Borgonovi Tais Fernanda , de Salis Larissa Vedovato Vilela , Leite Aline Zazeri , Dantas Amanda Soares , de Salis Guilherme Vedovato Vilela , Cruz Giuliano Netto Flores , de Oliveira Luiz Felipe Valter , Gomes Eleni , Penna Ana Lúcia Barretto , de Oliveira Gislane Lelis Vilela 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The massive secretion of inflammatory cytokines is associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and poor prognosis, as well as, in long COVID, the pathophysiology seems to be related to immune deregulation. The patient's immune status can influence the response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection, and this immunity is affected by the intestinal microbiota condition (eubiotic or dysbiotic). This study aimed to evaluate the intestinal microbiota of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 with different clinical manifestations and post-COVID-19 (post-COV) periods, and correlate with the use of antibiotics during the acute disease. Results: According to the beta diversity, we observed significant differences between microbial communities in stool samples from post-COV patients when compared with healthy controls. Additionally, we detected four different clusters when we grouped patients into asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe disease. Patients who took antibiotics during the COVID-19 course showed decreased richness of the gut microbiota, even months after the disease resolution. We detected some genera possibly associated with the persistent post-COV dysbiosis, including increased Prevotella, Dialister, Haemophillus, Barnesiella, Desulfovibrio, Bilophila, Alistipes, Parabacteroides and Bacteroides, suggesting the impact of the disease in the gut microbiota. Besides that, we found some genera associated with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in post-COV patients, including decreased Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium species. Conclusions: Therefore, we hypothesized that persistent dysbiosis and indiscriminate use of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with long COVID syndromes, suggesting the involvement of the gut-lung axis. These data suggest that intestinal microbiota modulation may represent a therapeutic approach for long COVID.
Mismatch repair deficiency is not sufficient to elicit tumor immunogenicity
Authors: Jacks Tyler , Westcott Peter , Muyas Francesc , Smith Olivia , Hauck Haley , Sacks Nathan , Ely Zackery , Jaeger Alex , III William Rideout , Bhutkar Arjun , Zhang Daniel , Beytagh Mary , Canner David , Bronson Roderick , Naranjo Santiago , Jin Abbey , Patten J , Cruz Amanda , Cortes-Ciriano Isidro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) is associated with high tumor mutational burden (TMB), increased T cell infiltration, and remarkable responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy1. Nevertheless, about half of MMRd tumors do not respond to ICB for unclear reasons. While cell line transplant models of MMRd have reinforced the importance of TMB in immune response2,3, critical questions remain regarding the role of immunosurveillance in the evolution of MMRd tumors induced in vivo. Here, we developed autochthonous mouse models of lung and colon cancer with ablation of MMR via in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 targeting. Surprisingly, MMRd in these models did not increase T cell infiltration or response to ICB. Mechanistically, we showed this lack of immunogenicity to be driven by profound intratumoral heterogeneity. Studies in immune deficient animals further demonstrated that immunosurveillance in MMRd tumors has no impact on TMB but shapes the clonal architecture of neoantigens by exacerbating heterogeneity. These results provide important context for understanding immune evasion in cancers with high TMB and have major implications for therapies aimed at increasing TMB.
Proton stopping measurements at low velocity in warm dense carbon
Authors: Malko Sophia , Cayzac Witold , Ospina-Bohorquez Valeria , Bhutwala Krish , Bailly-Grandvaux M , McGuffey Christopher , Fedosejevs Robert , Vaisseau Xavier , Tauschwitz Anna , Aginako Jon Apiñaniz , Blanco Diego de Luis , Gatti Giancarlo , Huault Marine , Hernandez Jose Perez , Hu Suxing , White Alexander , Collins Lee , Neumayer Paul , Faussurier Gerald , Vorberger Jan , Prestopino Giuseppe , Verona Claudio , Santos Joao , Batani Dimitri , Beg F. , Volpe Luca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ion stopping in warm dense matter is a process of fundamental importance for the understanding of the properties of dense plasmas, the realization and the interpretation of experiments involving ion-beam-heated warm dense matter samples, and for inertial confinement fusion research. The theoretical description of the ion stopping power in warm dense matter is difficult notably due to electron coupling and degeneracy, and measurements are still largely missing. In particular, the low-velocity stopping range around the Bragg peak, that features the largest modeling uncertainties, remains virtually unexplored. Here, we report proton energy-loss measurements in warm dense plasma at unprecedented low projectile velocities, approaching significantly the Bragg-peak region. Our energy-loss data, combined with a precise target characterization based on plasma emission measurements using two independent spectroscopy diagnostics, demonstrate a significant deviation of the stopping power from classical models in this regime. In particular, we show that our results are consistent with recent first-principles simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory.
Efficient isolation of keratin from protein rich waste biomass: A practical approach to minimize environmental impact and valorize waste biomass
Authors: Prasad Kamalesh , Maity Tapan Kumar , Singh Nripat , Vaghela Pradip , Ghosh Arup , Singh Sanju , Shinde Pramod B. , Sequeira Rosy Alphons 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Among protein-containing biomass waste, waste animal wool, poultry feather, and human hair are considered as one of the most important renewable sources of keratin. Although waste animal wool (WAW) and human hair (WHH) are used for the production of number of products but the substantial quantity of short fibers not suitable for spinning and being unusable is thrown as waste resulting considerable environmental problem in terms of their accumulation in water bodies resulting water clogging and other related problems. Similarly, poultry waste especially the waste chicken feathers (WCF) is dumped or burnt, or used as low value fertilizer in certain applications. To extract more value-added products such as keratin from such wastes, herein suitability of an aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium hydroxide known as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (25% w/w TMAOH in water) to solubilize these protein wastes and to extract keratin from them was investigated. The solvent could solubilized ca. 39–44% w/w of WAW, 19–25% of WHH, and 55–60% of WCF. Crude keratin with ca 19–20%, 35–37%, and 69–74% were isolated from WAW, WHH, and WCF respectively. The chemical and structural stability of keratin thus isolated was established. The recovered TMAOH, insoluble WAW and WCF were found to be nontoxic to soil microbes. The recovered TMAOH thus generated after isolation of keratin was used for green gram (Vigna radiata) seed treatment and a substantial increase in the height (4–12%) and weight (9–58%) of the plants were observed. Treating biomass waste as a source of high value compounds may minimize environmental impact by reducing the waste load.
Acute cardiac events following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 corona virus vaccine (recombinant)
Authors: Singh Rohit , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra , Gambhir Indrajeet Singh , Tiwari Ashutosh , Chandan Gourav , Chakrabarti Sasanka , Kaur Upinder 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acute myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination has been observed majorly following mRNA vaccines. There has recently been only one case report of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induced myocarditis with an ischemic presentation. Here we report two cases of acute cardiac events following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, in an elderly female and a middle-aged man, the former presenting with an ischemic phenotype and the latter with acute heart failure. Both patients were managed successfully with conservative treatment and showed symptomatic improvement within few weeks which was corroborated by improved electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings. The possibilities of molecular mimicry, autoimmunity and direct S-protein induced toxicity to the heart may need to be evaluated in the future to explain cardiac adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines.
Measuring variation in phoneme inventories
Authors: Anderson Cormac , Tresoldi Tiago , Greenhill Simon J. , Forkel Robert , Gray Russell D. , List Johann-Mattis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For over a century, the phoneme has played a central role in linguistic research. In recent years, collections of phoneme inventories, originally designed for cross-linguistic purposes, have increasingly been used in comparative studies involving neighbouring disciplines. Despite the extended application of this type of data, there has been no research into its comparability or tests of its reliability. In this study, we carry out a systematic comparison of four popular phoneme inventory collections. We render them comparable by linking them to standardised formats for the handling of cross-linguistic datasets and develop new measures to test both size and similarity. We find considerable differences in inventories supposedly representing the same language variety, both in terms of size and transcriptional choices. While some of these differences appear to be predic, reflecting design decisions in the different collections, much of the observed variation is unsystematic. These results should sound a note of caution for comparative studies based on phoneme inventories, which we suggest need to take the question of comparability more seriously. We make a number of proposals for improving the comparability of phoneme inventories.
Performance Analysis of SIC based hybrid precoding for multi-user case in 3D scenario
Authors: Myadar Rajashekhar , Vanidevi M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems are best suitable for mmWave communications improving throughput and spectral efficiency in 5G. Beamforming is a wireless technique adopted by massive MIMO and used in 4G & 5G to increase the directivity and energy efficiency by focusing the signal in specific direction supporting only single user transmission with one data stream. Precoding is a generalized form of beamforming to support multi-stream transmission in multi-antenna wireless communication, such that combination of analog and digital precoding forms the hybrid precoding which shows good performance with less complexity. Successive Interference Cancelation (SIC) is a technique in which optimization of different antenna arrays will be done one by one such that while optimizing the capacity of specific array contribution of earlier optimized array is removed from the total capacity and precoder of that specific optimizing array will be computed. In this paper we have designed the SIC based hybrid precoding using sub-connected and fully-connected structures for multi-user (MU) case and compared them with the optimal precoding for mmWave massive MIMO systems in a 3D scenario, where both azimuth and elevation angles are taken into account in the channel. The proposed algorithms are simulated in the MATLAB and compared their performance with different parameters and shown that SIC-based scheme is near-optimal for multi-user case.
[18F]DPA-714 PET imaging for the quantitative evaluation of early spatiotemporal changes of neuroinflammation in rat brain following status epilepticus
Authors: Cui Yilong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Most antiepileptic drug therapies are symptomatic and adversely suppress normal brain function by nonspecific inhibition of neuronal activity. In recent times, growing evidence has suggested that neuroinflammation triggered by epileptic seizures might be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Although the potential effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment for curing epilepsy has been extensively discussed, the limited quantitative data regarding spatiotemporal characteristics of neuroinflammation after epileptic seizures makes it difficult to be realized. We quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in neuroinflammation in the early phase after status epilepticus in rats, using translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, which has been widely used for the quantitative evaluation of neuroinflammation in several animal models of CNS disease.
Methods
The second-generation TSPO PET probe, [18F]DPA-714, was used for brain-wide quantitative analysis of neuroinflammation in the brains of rats, when the status epilepticus was induced by subcutaneous injection of kainic acid (15 mg/kg) into those rats. A series of [18F]DPA-714 PET scans were performed at 1, 3, 7, and 15 days after status epilepticus, and the corresponding histological changes, including activation of microglia and astrocytes, were confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Results
Apparent accumulation of [18F]DPA-714 was observed in several epileptogenic regions, such as the amygdala, piriform cortex, ventral hippocampus, mediodorsal thalamus, and cortical regions, 3 days after status epilepticus, and the effect was reversibly displaced by unlabeled PK11195 (1 mg/kg). Consecutive [18F]DPA-714 PET scans revealed that accumulation of [18F]DPA-714 was focused in the epileptogenic regions from 3 days after status epilepticus and was further maintained in the amygdala and piriform cortex until 7 days after status epilepticus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that activated microglia but not reactive astrocytes, were correlated with [18F]DPA-714 accumulation in the epileptogenic regions for at least 1 week after status epilepticus.
Conclusions
These results indicate that the early spatiotemporal characteristics of neuroinflammation quantitatively evaluated by [18F]DPA-714 PET imaging provides valuable evidence for developing new anti-inflammatory therapies for epilepsy. The predominant activation of microglia around epileptogenic regions in the early phase after status epilepticus could be a crucial therapeutic target for curing epilepsy.