bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erratum: The Internal Constitution of the Stars
Authors: Plaskett H. H. 
Published: October 2021

In the review of Eddington's book on "The Internal Constitution of the Stars," by Dr. H. H. Plaskett, printed in the issue of SCIENCE for July 22, several lines were misplaced at the bottom of the right-hand column on page 82. The passage should read:
Of the several quantitative predictions furnished by Eddington's model, none is more striking or more general than this relation that the luminosity of a star, apart from a small factor depending upon the surface temperature, is a single-valued function of its mass. The relation contains but one disposable constant (the proportionality constant of Kramers's absorption law), and this is fixed from the mass, luminosity and effective temperature of a single star (Capella). It is then found that all thirty-seven stars of known mass and luminosity, both giants and dwarfs, lie on Eddington's mass-luminosity curve with the average residual of the order of half a magnitude.
Trends in inpatient admissions and emergency department visits for heart failure in adults with versus without diabetes in the USA, 2006–2017
Authors: Harding Jessica L , Benoit Stephen R , Hora Israel , Sridharan Lakshmi , Ali Mohammed K , Jagannathan Ram , Patzer Rachel E , Narayan K M Venkat 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionHeart failure (HF) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. In this study, we estimated trends in the incidence of HF inpatient admissions and emergency department (ED) visits by diabetes status.Research design and methodsPopulation-based age-standardized HF rates in adults with and without diabetes were estimated from the 2006–2017 National Inpatient Sample, Nationwide ED Sample and year-matched National Health Interview Survey, and stratified by age and sex. Trends were assessed using Joinpoint.ResultsHF inpatient admissions did not change in adults with diabetes between 2006 and 2013 (from 53.9 to 50.4 per 1000 persons; annual percent change (APC): −0.3 (95% CI −2.5 to 1.9) but increased from 50.4 to 62.3 between 2013 and 2017 (APC: 4.8 (95% CI 0.3 to 9.6)). In adults without diabetes, inpatient admissions initially declined (from 14.8 in 2006 to 12.9 in 2014; APC −2.3 (95% CI −3.2 to –1.2)) and then plateaued. Patterns were similar in men and women, but relative increases were greatest in young adults with diabetes. HF-related ED visits increased overall, in men and women, and in all age groups, but increases were greater in adults with (vs without) diabetes.ConclusionsCauses of increased HF rates in hospital settings are unknown, and more detailed data are needed to investigate the aetiology and determine prevention strategies, particularly among adults with diabetes and especially young adults with diabetes.
Establishing the influence of case complexity on the order of cataract lists: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: McLean Keri , Ferrara Mariantonia , Kaye Rebecca , Romano Vito , Kaye Stephen 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveOrder of the theatre list and complexity of the cases are important considerations which are known to influence surgical outcomes. This survey aimed to establish their influence on cataract surgery.Methods and AnalysisCataract surgeons ordered five cataract cases according to their surgical preference, first using case notes and second using composite ORs (CORs) for posterior capsule rupture. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics were used to analyse the data.ResultsBetween 11 June and 14 July 2020, 192 cataract surgeons from 14 countries completed the online survey. Majority of the surgeons (142 vs 50) preferred to choose the order of their list (p<0.01) and to review the case notes prior to the day of surgery (89 vs 53; p=0.04). 39.86% preferred to start with the less risky case and 32.43% reserved the last position on the list for the riskiest case. There was a significant trend to order the list in an ascending level of risk, independent of whether case notes or CORs were used. Additionally, 44.79% of the respondents indicated they would be happy to have their list order planned by an automated program based on their preferred risk score.ConclusionThis survey demonstrates that cataract surgeons prefer to choose the order of their theatre list and that the order is dependent on the complexity of cases. There is support among surgeons for automated list ordering based on an objective score for risk stratification, such as a COR.
Management and outcomes of patients with left atrial appendage thrombus prior to percutaneous closure
Authors: Marroquin Luis , Tirado-Conte Gabriela , Pracoń Radosław , Streb Witold , Gutierrez Hipolito , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Arzamendi-Aizpurua Dabit , Cruz-González Ignacio , Ruiz-Nodar Juan Miguel , Kim Jung-Sun , Freixa Xavier , Lopez-Minguez Jose Ramon , De Backer Ole , Ruiz-Salmeron Rafael , Dominguez Antonio , McInerney Angela , Peral Vicente , Estevez-Loureiro Rodrigo , Fernandez-Nofrerias Eduard , Freitas-Ferraz Afonso B , Saia Francesco , Huczek Zenon , Gheorghe Livia , Salinas Pablo , Demkow Marcin , Delgado-Arana Jose R , Fernandez Peregrina Estefania , Kalarus Zbibniew , Elvira Laffond Ana , Jang Yangsoo , Fernandez Camacho Jose Carlos , Lee Oh-Hyun , Hernández-Garcia Jose M , Mas-Llado Caterina , Caneiro Queija Berenice , Amat-Santos Ignacio J , Dabrowski Maciej , Rodés-Cabau Josep , Nombela Franco Luis 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveLeft atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus has heretofore been considered a contraindication to percutaneous LAA closure (LAAC). Data regarding its management are very limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the medical and invasive treatment of patients referred for LAAC in the presence of LAA thrombus.MethodsThis multicentre observational registry included 126 consecutive patients referred for LAAC with LAA thrombus on preprocedural imaging. Treatment strategies included intensification of antithrombotic therapy (IAT) or direct LAAC. The primary and secondary endpoints were a composite of bleeding, stroke and death at 18 months, and procedural success, respectively.ResultsIAT was the preferred strategy in 57.9% of patients, with total thrombus resolution observed in 60.3% and 75.3% after initial and subsequent IAT, respectively. Bleeding complications and stroke during IAT occurred in 9.6% and 2.9%, respectively, compared with 3.8% bleeding and no embolic events in the direct LAAC group before the procedure. Procedural success was 90.5% (96.2% vs 86.3% in direct LAAC and IAT group, respectively, p=0.072), without cases of in-hospital thromboembolic complications. The primary endpoint occurred in 29.3% and device-related thrombosis was found in 12.8%, without significant difference according to treatment strategy. Bleeding complications at 18 months occurred in 22.5% vs 10.5% in the IAT and direct LAAC group, respectively (p=0.102).ConclusionIn the presence of LAA thrombus, IAT was the initial management strategy in half of our cohort, with initial thrombus resolution in 60% of these, but with a relatively high bleeding rate (~10%). Direct LAAC was feasible, with high procedural success and absence of periprocedural embolic complications. However, a high rate of device-related thrombosis was detected during follow-up.
Changing Attitudes to the Diagnosis of Asbestos Disease
Authors: Mackenzie F. A. F. , Harries P. G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLarge numbers of dockyard workers in Plymouth, intermittently exposed to asbestos, have been found to have pleural abnormalities. The more extensive pleural reactions, often accompanied by effusion, are occurring in younger men after about 15 years’ exposure to asbestos. The significance of these changes in relation to the development of malignant disease is not yet known. A modified radiographic technique and the radiological appearances are described.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Gas Gangrene
Authors: Beavis John P. , Watt James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGas gangrene will continue to complicate contaminated war injuries. Local and systemic effects of exotoxins are described and an aggressive regimen of therapy is proposed. The beneficial results of such treatment are reported and the respective merits of hyperbaric oxygen, antibiotics, debridement and cortisone are debated. The histological appearances of muscle biopsies obtained at initial debridement are discussed.
The Significance of Prostatitis in Urinary Tract Infection in the Male
Authors: Blacklock Norman J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA review of all cases of urinary tract infection occurring in a naval population group has been carried out over a four year period. There were 281 cases of cysto-prostatitis; a previous venereal urethritis did not occur significantly in these cases and the incidence appeared to be greater in married as opposed to single personnel. The importance of direct examination of prostatic fluid in the assessment of these cases is established. The response to initial treatment of the condition may be a guide to long term prognosis.Cases of epididymitis and pyelonephritis were also considered during the same four year period. Evidence of a primary infective focus in the prostate gland in these conditions is established and the possible pathway and mechanism of infection from this focus is discussed. Attention is drawn, again, to the importance of examination of the prostatic fluid in these cases. Effective treatment of these conditions must ensure eradication of the infective focus within the prostate gland as well, in order to minimise the chance of relapse.
Emergency Pyelography in Renal Colic
Authors: Mackenzie F. A. F. , Kirkpatrick J. R. , Telfer R. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA comparative study between the results obtained from conventional pyelography and immediate pyelography during renal colic was undertaken during a period of 18 months, at RNFf Malta.Forty-seven patients were examined and there were only four cases with no signs of renal calculus. This is a great improvement on the accuracy obtained by the delayed method. The patients with calculi were examined radiologically until the site of obstruction was determined. In patients who showed the nephrographic effect, the earliest results were obtained in one hour; the majority in two to three hours, and, in the most prolonged examination, a 10 hour follow-up was necessary. The site of the obstruction is important from the point of view of the surgical approach. The interesting feature when obstruction was demonstrated was that approximately 40 per cent of calculi were non-opaque.Estimates were also made of function and the degree of hydronephrosis. Renal enlargement was measured and the return to normal in these indirect signs was followed up in the majority of cases.In one case pyelography repeated in five days, after the passage of a small calculus, showed a return to normal. In several other cases where pyelography was repeated within two to three weeks, a normal appearance was also seen. It is in this group of patients that conventional delayed pyelography would miss the signs of pathology.
Warm Water Immersion Injuries of the Feet – A Review
Authors: Catterall M. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWarm water immersion injuries of the feet are of considerable relevance to military operations in tropical and sub-tropical regions.An outline of experience gained during the 1939-45 and Vietnam wars is given.Recently, two distinct warm water immersion injuries have been delineated viz. Warm Water Immersion Foot (WWIF) and Tropical Immersion Foot (TIF), the latter resulting from longer periods of immersion.The current state of knowledge with respect to pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology, management and prophylaxis, of these two syndromes, is presented.A requirement exists for further study, with emphasis on the pathogenesis and prophylaxis of Tropical Immersion Foot.
The Prevalence of Abnormal Haemoglobins among a Group of Ghanaian Naval Ratings
Authors: Atuah O. K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA small group of Ghanaian naval ratings in the UK for a short period were examined to determine their haemoglobin status which could under active Service conditions significantly affect their employability. The distribution in this small series was found to be: Hb AS 20%, Hb AC 3%, Hb AA 77%. Parallel examination of haemoglobin by electrophoresis and by "sickledex’ test, which is cheaper and less technically demanding, confirmed the efficiency of the latter test.
The Use and Abuse of Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Milton-Thompson G. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of a new group of drugs blocking the histamine H2-receptors involved in the stimulation of gastric acid secretion is described. The indications for their use in peptic ulcer disease, reflux oesophagitis, acute gastrointestinal bleeding and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are considered but the need for precise diagnosis before treatment is emphasised. It is likely that these drugs will greatly alter the medical management of these conditions.
The Use of Computer Assisted Data Processing and Display Methods in Brain Scintigraphy
Authors: Houston A. S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMuch has been published recently on the use of data processing and display methods in radioisotope scintigraphy. The main theme has been a move towards proper evaluation of these techniques. Using a procedure which combines clinical significance with physical relevance, the author has recently compared many different methods used for static brain studies. This paper describes those which performed best.
Posthitis Xerotica Obliterans
Authors: Buchanan J. D. , Catterall M. D. , Briggs P. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPosthitis Xerotica Obliterans is a chronic sclerosing and atrophic disease of the prepuce which commonly results in phimosis. A 16 month prospective study has demonstrated an overall incidence of 16 per cent amongst 75 routine circumcision specimens with four cases affecting prepubertal children.
The Influence of Glucose and Crude Fibre (Wheat Bran) on the Rate of Intestinal 47Ca Absorption The Influence of Glucose and Wheat Bran on Calcium Absorption
Authors: Macleod M. A. , Blacklock N. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith evidence of induction of increased urinary excretion of calcium by the ingestion of glucose and sucrose there is the theoretical possibility in these circumstances of at least a transient negative calcium balance. In this study the ingestion of glucose or glucose equivalent was found to stimulate 47Ca absorption from the intestine both in normal subjects and in idiopathic calcium stone formers. This induced increase in the rate of 47Ca absorption by glucose can be negated by the addition of crude fibre in the form of wheat bran.
UVL Induced Changes in Calcium Absorption and Excretion and in Serum Vit D3 Levels measured in Black-skinned and Caucasian Males
Authors: Macleod M. A. , Blacklock N. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the evident increase in osteolytic disease, especially in black-skinned urban communities, it has become necessary to attempt to define and measure dietetic and environmental factors contributing to this increase. This paper describes and measures calcium absorption and excretion and serum hydroxy-cholecalciferol (Vit D3) levels in both black-skinned and caucasian controls exposed to similar doses of ultra-violet light. It is concluded that there is a significant difference in response to UVL stimulus between the two groups to the detriment of the blackskinned population.
Quinolinic acid, a kynurenine/tryptophan pathway metabolite, associates with impaired cognitive test performance in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Anderson Erik W , Fishbein Joanna , Hong Joseph , Roeser Julien , Furie Richard A , Aranow Cynthia , Volpe Bruce T , Diamond Betty , Mackay Meggan 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesInterferon-alpha, an important contributor to SLE pathogenesis, induces the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the kynurenine/tryptophan (KYN/TRP) pathway. This leads to a potentially neurotoxic imbalance in the KYN/TRP pathway metabolites, quinolinic acid (QA), an N-methyl D-aspartate glutamatergic receptor (NMDAR) agonist, and kynurenic acid (KA), an NMDAR antagonist. We determined whether QA/KA ratios associate with cognitive dysfunction (CD) and depression in SLE.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 74 subjects with SLE and 74 healthy control (HC) subjects; all without history of neuropsychiatric disorders. Serum metabolite levels (KYN, TRP, QA, KA) were measured concurrently with assessments of cognition (Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), 2×2 array), mood and pain, and compared between SLE and HC. Multivariable modelling in SLE was used to evaluate associations of metabolites with cognitive performance and depression.ResultsSerum KYN/TRP and QA/KA ratios were elevated in SLE versus HC (p<0.0001). SLE performed worse than HC on four of five ANAM tests (all p≤0.02) and the 2×2 array (p<0.01), and had higher depression scores (p<0.01). In SLE, elevated QA/KA ratios correlated with poor performance on Match to Sample (MTS), a working memory and visuospatial processing task (p<0.05). Subjects with SLE with elevated QA/KA ratios also had slightly higher odds of depression, but this did not reach significance (p=0.09). Multivariable modelling in SLE confirmed an association between QA/KA ratios and poor MTS performance when considering potentially confounding factors (p<0.05).ConclusionsElevated serum KYN/TRP and QA/KA ratios confirm KYN/TRP pathway activation in SLE. The novel association between increased QA/KA ratios and poor cognitive performance supports further study of this pathway as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for SLE-mediated CD.
Persistence of Escherichia coli in the microbiomes of red Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Outredgeous’) and mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa var. japonica) - does seed sanitization matter?
Authors: Dixit Anirudha R. , Khodadad Christina L. M. , Hummerick Mary E. , Spern Cory J. , Spencer LaShelle E. , Fischer Jason A. , Curry Aaron B. , Gooden Jennifer L. , Maldonado Vazquez Gretchen J. , Wheeler Raymond M. , Massa Gioia D. , Romeyn Matthew W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Seed sanitization via chemical processes removes/reduces microbes from the external surfaces of the seed and thereby could have an impact on the plants’ health or productivity. To determine the impact of seed sanitization on the plants’ microbiome and pathogen persistence, sanitized and unsanitized seeds from two leafy green crops, red Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Outredgeous’) and mizuna mustard (Brassica rapa var. japonica) were exposed to Escherichia coli and grown in controlled environment growth chambers simulating environmental conditions aboard the International Space Station. Plants were harvested at four intervals from 7 days post-germination to maturity. The bacterial communities of leaf and root were investigated using the 16S rRNA sequencing while quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and heterotrophic plate counts were used to reveal the persistence of E. coli.

Result
E. coli was detectable for longer periods of time in plants from sanitized versus unsanitized seeds and was identified in root tissue more frequently than in leaf tissue. 16S rRNA sequencing showed dynamic changes in the abundance of members of the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in leaf and root samples of both leafy crops. We observed minimal changes in the microbial diversity of lettuce or mizuna leaf tissue with time or between sanitized and unsanitized seeds. Beta-diversity showed that time had more of an influence on all samples versus the E. coli treatment.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that the seed surface sanitization, a current requirement for sending seeds to space, could influence the microbiome. Insight into the changes in the crop microbiomes could lead to healthier plants and safer food supplementation.
The effect of zinc deficiency and iron overload on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mousa Suzan O. , Abd Alsamia Ebtihal M. , Moness Hend M. , Mohamed Osama G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) suffer from secondary hemosiderosis and the delirious effects this iron overload has on their different body organs, including the pancreas. They are also more prone to develop zinc deficiency than the general pediatric population. This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc deficiency and iron overload on the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in TDT children.MethodsEighty children, already diagnosed with TDT, were included in this study. We assessed the following in the participant children: serum ferritin, serum zinc, endocrine pancreatic function (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting insulin level and from them, HOMA-IR was calculated), and exocrine pancreatic function (serum lipase and serum amylase).ResultsForty-four TDT children had a subnormal zinc level, while 36 of them had a normal serum zinc level. TDT children with low serum zinc had significantly more impaired endocrine pancreatic function and an abnormally high serum lipase than children with normal serum zinc,p < 0.05 in all. Serum zinc was significantly lower in TDT children with serum ferritin above the ferritin threshold (≥2500 ng/ml) than those below (59.1 ± 20.2 vs. 77.5 ± 28.13),p = 0.02. TDT children, having a serum ferritin ≥2500 ng/ml, had significantly more frequently impaired endocrine pancreatic function and abnormally high serum lipase than TDT children below the ferritin threshold,p < 0.05 in all.ConclusionIn children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia,zinc deficiency aggravates iron-induced pancreatic exocrine and endocrine dysfunction.