bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANLN promotes cell migration and invasion through
RhoA-ROCK signaling in cervical cancer
Authors: Hou Congzhe , Liang Zhen , Yang Yongxia , Yu Yunhai , Liang Tingting , Zhu Lin , Zhang Ping 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAnillin actin binding protein (ANLN) is involved in various human cancers. It is often upregulated in various cancers, including cervical
cancer (CC). However, the exact role of ANLN in the modulation of CC and
the underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we
aimed to investigate the effects of ANLN on the proliferation, migration,
and invasion of CC cells, as well as to determine the molecular mechanisms
underlying these effects.Material and methodsANLN expression levels were analyzed in normal
cervical and CC specimens using public databases and tissue samples. The
prognosis was determined using the TCGA database. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were measured by Edu assay, wound-healing assay and
transwell assay, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the
influence of ANLN inhibition on actin stress fiber integrity. Western blots
were used to measure the protein expression.ResultsANLN expression levels in CC were higher than those in normal tissues, and ANLN overexpression was highly correlated with poor prognosis.
ANLN knockdown inhibited CC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in
vitro, while ANLN overexpression led to an inverse biological phenotype. Immunofluorescence showed that ANLN inhibition could influence actin stress
fiber integrity. ANLN expression was positively correlated with ROCK1 and
ROCK2 expression in CC. Overexpression of ANLN activated RhoA and upregulated ROCK1 and ROCK2. Furthermore, ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression levels
were also impeded by Y27632, which is a specific inhibitor of RhoA. They
also weakened the migration and invasion ability in ANLN-overexpression
HeLa cells.ConclusionsANLN promotes cell migration and invasion through RhoAROCK signaling in CC.
Morbidly Adherent Placenta: Management options
Authors: Abida Sajid  , Aqsam Sajid Aqsam Sajid , Arham Sajid Arham Sajid , Maham Abid Maham Abid 
Published: March 2021

Background
Placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum is one of the most feared complications responsible for increased maternal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality by detecting risk factors, performing relevant investigations, and deciding appropriate management options.
Methods:
The study design is a descriptive case series, carried out on 72 patients of MAP of a tertiary care hospital, in a 6-years duration from January 2014 to December 2019. Patients of OPD and the emergency department were diagnosed for MAP by using grayscale ultrasounds, color Doppler USG's (in most cases), and MRI's (in only a few cases). Different management options were studied and maternal morbidities were observed. In the majority of cases, patients had operative deliveries with planned/ emergency hysterectomies, except for some having conservative surgery.
Results:
In the period of 6 years, the total number of deliveries was 35940. Out of these, 22140 were spontaneous vaginal deliveries and 13800 were C-sections. The incidence of MAP was 1 per 499 normal deliveries and 1 per 192 in C-sections. The criteria for MAP was fulfilled by 72 patients. MAP diagnosed in the antenatal period was 43% while 57% were diagnosed in an emergency. The majority of patients had a history of C-sections and many underwent emergency obstetric hysterectomies. Blood transfusions were given to all patients in our study. Only 4(5.5%) patients died in our study.
Conclusion:
Antenatal diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta, followed by a well-planned surgical management, avoidance of placental separation and early caesarean hysterectomy ultimately result in a better maternal outcome.
Keywords:
Morbidly Adherent Placenta, Maternal Morbidity, Massive Obstetric Hemorrhage, Obstetric Hysterectomy.
Auditing of Traffic Signs and Road Markings in Dar es Salaam City
Authors: Bwire Hanniabl , Mnkeni Joseph K. 
Published: March 2021

This study examines the efficacy of the traffic signs and road markings in Dar es Salaam City. The studyfocuses on the availability and conditions of traffic signs and road markings in some selected roads in the city.Auditing of traffic signs and road markings is carried out as one of the means of promoting road safety andimproving road capacity in the city. The auditing procedure involved field studies through the use of trafficsigns/markings checklists and ranking of road stretches according to the availability and conditions of trafficsigns observed for improvement prioritization in case of financial constraints. In ranking the road sections in accordance to the overall conditions and availability of traffic signs, an index was developed. The index considered six factors of traffic signs availability and conditions that were observed in the field; (i) availability (ii) orrectness of size (iii) visibility of signs (iv) physical condition (v) correct placement and (vi) the need of sign protection. It is recommended that the responsible agency and Municipal councils carry out auditing f traffic signs/markings and identify deficiencies in signage and road markings and plan for improvement accordingly. In case of financial constraints, the developed performance index may be used to rank roads/road sections for improvement priority.
Design and Manufacture Of A Waste Compactor Prototype: A Step towards Implementing A Non-Burn Health Care Waste Disposal in Developing Countries
Authors: Mwinuka Tito E. , Nyichomba Bavo B. 
Published: March 2021

Non-burn technology is the only safe way of handling and disposing infectious healthcare waste. It involves steam treatment of infectious waste at temperatures higher than 121 o C for a minimum of 30 minutes before disposing them just like other municipal waste. Infectious healthcare waste is normally only about 10 -25% of all healthcare waste. In this paper, design, manufacturing and testing of a waste compactor for reducing waste volume to facilitate its handling is discussed. Preliminary tests show that the waste volume can be reduced to less than 10% of its original volume using the developed compactor. Waste compactors can serve urban hospitals where dumping space is a problem and the waste has to be transported. The compactor, developed by the University of Dar es Salaam team under the UNDP support, is capable of handling up to 25 kg of medical waste at a time and it is hydraulically operated. Furthermore, except for the hydraulic units and other electrical gadgets which can be bought as off-shelf parts, the designed waste compactor can be manufactured locally. The estimated total production cost was below USD 3,000. Part of UNDP requirements for this support was that the compactor design should be adopted by seven countries namely; Argentina, India, Latvia, Lebanon, Philippines, Senegal, Tanzania and Vietnam. These countries were nominated by UNDP to demonstrate the best techniques and practices of non-burn technologies in the developing countries.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Linguistics Research, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Su Camille 
Published: March 2021

English Linguistics Research (ELR) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether ELR publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 1 Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica, University of Life Sciences, RomaniaKatherine Short-Meyerson, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, USAPeace Chinwendu Israel, University of Education, GhanaWin Whelan, St. Bonaventure University, USAYuemin Wang, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Best Regards,Camille SuEditorial Assistant, English Linguistics ResearchSciedu Press*************************************Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 210Fax: 1-416-642-8548E-mail 1: elr@sciedupress.com E-mail 2: elr@sciedupress.org Website: http://elr.sciedupress.com
Desulfatirhabdiaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

De.sul.fa.ti.rhab.di.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Desulfatirhabdium
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Desulfatirhabdiaceae
, the family of
Desulfatirhabdium
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfatirhabdiaceae

Cells are oval to rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motility not reported. Strictly anaerobic, having respiratory and fermentative types of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic, using formate, C
3
–C
18
straight‐chain fatty acids, some aromatic compounds, alcohols, succinate, fumarate, and pyruvate as carbon sources and electron donors; these are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). For growth on H
2
+ CO
2
, acetate is required (chemolithoheterotrophic growth). Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Fermentative growth on pyruvate and crotonate. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. Predominant cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0
, C
16:0
, and C
14:0
. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Desulfatirhabdium
.
Desulfatirhabdium
spp. seem to be present in various freshwater environments and biotechnical reactors.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 54.85 (genome), 55.1 (LC).

Type genus
:
Desulfatirhabdium
Balk et al. 2008
VP
.
Desulfomonilaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

De.sul.fo.mo.ni.la.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Desulfomonile
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfomonilaceae
, the family of
Desulfomonile
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfomonilia / Desulfomonilales / Desulfocapsaceae

Cells are rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Stain Gram‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Nonmotile. Strict anaerobes with respiratory and fermentative types of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Simple organic compounds such as lactate, pyruvate, butyrate, and benzoate serve as electron donors and carbon sources. H
2
plus CO
2
and formate are used in the presence of acetate (chemolithoheterotrophic). Substrates might be oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, and
m
‐halobenzoates serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S and benzoate, respectively. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Desulfomonile
. Occurs in sewage sludge and marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50.1 (genome).

Type genus
:
Desulfomonile
DeWeerd et al. 1990, VL41.
Paucidesulfovibrio
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Pau.ci.de.sul.fo.vi'bri.o. L. masc. adj.
paucus
, few, little. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfovibrio,
a bacterial genus; N.L. masc. n.
Paucidesulfovibrio
, a small
Desulfovibrio
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Paucidesulfovibrio

Cells are vibrio‐ to rod‐shaped, 0.2–0.5 × 1.0–10.0 μm. Occur singly, in pairs, or in chains. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having respiratory or fermentative (only one species) types of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic and chemolithoheterotrophic. Lactate and pyruvate serve as electron donors and carbon sources and are incompletely oxidized to acetate. H
2
can serve as an electron donor in the presence of acetate as an organic carbon source (chemolithoheterotrophic growth). In the same way, formate is used. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, and sulfur serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Fumarate might be used as electron acceptor as well (two species). In the absence of an external electron acceptor, growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate. Mesophilic, the optimum temperature for growth is 35–40°C. Neutrophilic, the optimum pH for growth is 6.8–7.4. Media containing a reductant and 10–60 g/l of NaCl are required for growth; some species require vitamins. All members of the genus contain desulfoviridin and cytochromes of the
c
type. Occur in anoxic marine and terrestrial habitats linked to oil production.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.4–63.6 (LC, genome).

Type species
:
Paucidesulfovibrio longus
Waite et al. 2020
VP
(basonym:
Desulfovibrio longus
Magot et al. 1992
VP
).
Methanotrichales
ord. nov.
Authors: Akinyemi Taiwo S. , Shao Nana , Whitman William B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Me.tha.no.tri.cha'les. N.L. fem. n.
Methanothrix
type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
the ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanotrichales
the order of
Methanothrix
.

Halobacterota / Methanosarcinia / Methanotrichales

Cells are nonmotile, sheathed rods with flat ends. Gram‐stain negative. Lipids contain
myo
‐inositol, ethanolamine, and galactose as the polar head groups. Species are oxygen‐tolerant anaerobe. However, growth and methanogenesis can only occur in strictly anaerobic and highly reducing conditions. Energy is obtained by splitting acetate into methane and CO
2
. When cocultured with electrogenic
Geobacter
spp., CO
2
is reduced to methane via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Optimum growth pH range is 7.0–7.8. Mesophilic and thermophilic. Optimum growth temperatures are 34–37°C for mesophilic strains and 55–60°C for thermophilic strains. They occupy a wide range of anoxic habitats including anaerobic river mud, paddy field soil, hot springs, thermal lakes, thermophilic, and mesophilic anaerobic wastewater digesters treating domestic wastes; granular sludge, anaerobic fixed‐bed reactors, and other types of anaerobic systems. Genome sequences have been determined for strains of all three of the described species in the order, and the genome size ranges from 1.9 to 3.0 Mb. The order
Methanotrichales
consists of one family
Methanotrichaceae
. Although all three described species are currently classified in a single genus
Methanothrix
, phylogenomic analyses suggest that two species should be transferred to novel genera.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51–61 (Genome).

Type genus
:
Methanothrix
Huser et al. 1982, VL10.
A North American Cohort of Anti‐SAE Dermatomyositis: Clinical Phenotype, Testing, and Review of Cases
Authors: Albayda Jemima , Mecoli Christopher , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Danoff Sonye K. , Lin Cheng Ting , Hines David , Gutierrez‐Alamillo Laura , Paik Julie J. , Tiniakou Eleni , Mammen Andrew L. , Christopher‐Stine Lisa 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveAntibodies against the small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) activating enzyme (SAE) are one of the rarer specificities associated with dermatomyositis (DM). The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with anti‐SAE autoantibodies in a North American cohort and to ascertain cancer prevalence. We also describe the performance characteristics of the line blotting (Euroimmun) method for antibody detection compared with an immunoprecipitation‐based assay.MethodsSera from 2127 patients suspected of having myositis were assayed for myositis‐specific autoantibodies using the Euroimmun platform. Those positive for SAE autoantibodies were assayed by a second method (immunoprecipitation) for confirmation. Only those cases positive by both methods were taken as definite cases of anti‐SAE–positive DM. Chart reviews of these patients were completed to obtain information on clinical characteristics, cancer history, and treatment.ResultsForty‐three of 2127 sera were anti‐SAE autoantibody positive by Euroimmun (≥15 units, +); of these, only 19 were confirmed positive by immunoprecipitation. All 19 cases had skin involvement and varying presentations of muscle, lung, and joint disease. Cancer occurred coincident with DM in two patients, and cancers were detected more than 5 years from symptom onset in three patients. In a population of suspected inflammatory myositis, a higher cutoff on line blot testing (≥36 units, ++) yielded better agreement with immunoprecipitation methods.ConclusionSAE autoantibodies associate with a clinical phenotype of DM, which most commonly presents with a rash first, followed by muscle involvement and varying extramuscular involvement. As coincident cancer was seen in anti‐SAE–positive DM, judicious malignancy screening may be warranted.
A new food chain: Adoption and policy implications to blockchain use in agri‐food industries
Authors: Krzyzanowski Guerra Kathleen , Boys Kathryn A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLegislation and regulation proposed to study, fund, and govern blockchain use is emerging among both US federal and state governments. These regulatory requirements, however, are not fully consistent across jurisdictions, which may add further challenge to the adoption of this technology by agri‐food system firms. This study compiles and provides a descriptive overview of legislation and regulations related to blockchain technology. Implications of the current regulatory approach on the adoption of blockchain on the US agri‐food system, and specifically of the wider adoption of distributed ledger technologies on food safety and market access of smaller scale farm operations, are considered.
Regioselective Nitrosocarbonyl Aldol Reaction of Deconjugated Butyrolactams: Synthesis of γ‐Heterosubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactams
Authors: Mallik Sumitava , Bhajammanavar Vinod , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nitrosocarbonyl aldol reaction of deconjugated butyrolactams is developed employing quinidine as organocatalyst. The nitrosocarbonyl species generated in situ from hydroxamic acids react with a variety of deconjugated butyrolactams at room temperature, offering valuable α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactams bearing heterosubstituted quaternary carbon center in very high yields. This nitrosocarbonyl aldol reaction is O‐selective and proceeds exclusively at the γ‐center of deconjugated butyrolactams. The reaction is scalable, accommodates diverse functional groups, and is also effective with azodicarboxylates.
Advanced Low‐Flammable Electrolytes for Stable Operation of High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jia Hao , Xu Yaobin , Zhang Xianhui , Burton Sarah D. , Gao Peiyuan , Matthews Bethany E. , Engelhard Mark H. , Han Kee Sung , Zhong Lirong , Wang Chongmin , Xu Wu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite being an effective flame retardant, trimethyl phosphate (TMPa) is generally considered as an unqualified solvent for fabricating electrolytes used in graphite (Gr)‐based lithium‐ion batteries as it readily leads to Gr exfoliation and cell failure. In this work, by adopting the unique solvation structure of localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) to TMPa and tuning the composition of the solvation sheaths via electrolyte additives, excellent electrochemical performance can be achieved with TMPa‐based electrolytes in Gr∥LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cells. After 500 charge/discharge cycles within the voltage range of 2.5–4.4 V, the batteries containing the TMPa‐based LHCE with a proper additive can achieve a capacity retention of 85.4 %, being significantly higher than cells using a LiPF6‐organocarbonates baseline electrolyte (75.2 %). Meanwhile, due to the flame retarding effect of TMPa, TMPa‐based LHCEs exhibit significantly reduced flammability compared with the conventional LiPF6‐organocarbonates electrolyte.
A Protein‐Binding Molecular Photothermal Agent for Tumor Ablation
Authors: Shi Mingwan , Fu Zhongliang , Pan Wei , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Kaiye , Zhou Ping , Li Na , Tang Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotothermal therapy usually requires a high power density to activate photothermal agent for effective treatment, which inevitably leads to damage to normal tissues and inflammation in tumor tissues. Herein, we rationally design a protein‐binding strategy to build a molecular photothermal agent for photothermal ablation of tumor. The synthesized photothermal agent can covalently bind to the thiol groups on the intracellular proteins. The heat generated by the photothermal agent directly destroyed the bioactive proteins in the cells, effectively reducing the heat loss and the molecular leakage. Under a low power density of 0.2 W cm−2, the temperature produced by the photothermal agent was sufficient to induce apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the therapeutic effect of photothermal therapy can be efficiently improved with the protein‐binding strategy.
Stereoselective Access to Polyfunctionalized Nine‐Membered Heterocycles by Sequential Gold and Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Ke Ya‐Ming , Zhao Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report herein a gold and palladium sequential catalysis system to access furan‐fused nine‐membered heterocycles in high efficiency and enantioselectivity. In this one‐pot procedure, easily accessible enynamides undergo cyclization to generate azadienes in situ that participate in enantioselective formal [5+4] cycloaddition with vinyl ethylene carbonates. Conformation‐controlled highly diastereoselective derivatizations of these medium‐sized rings, coupled with oxidative furan cleavage, have enabled the access to diverse densely‐functionalized nine‐membered lactams.
Confined Catalysts Application in Environmental Catalysis: Current Research Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Fei Xiaoqi , Wang Penglu , Zhang Dengsong , Wang Haiqiang , Wu Zhongbiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpace‐confined catalysis can help create unique nanoscale chemical environments partitioned from the surrounding bulk space and has become a feasible strategy for designing high‐efficiency catalysts for various reactions. Confinement effects can affect both the reacting molecules and confined metal/metal‐oxide nanoparticles. This review mainly documents the progress in the design and applications of confined catalysts used in environmental catalysis (selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia, catalytic oxidation of CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs, and photocatalytic CO2 reduction). Throughout the review, the impact of confinement effects on the activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts is emphasised. Materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), titanate nanotubes (TNTs), zeolites, mesoporous TiO2, and metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are common confined hosts. In the NH3‐SCR reaction, confined catalysts, which are non‐noble metals confined in titanate/carbon nanotubes catalysts, have been widely studied. The protection offered by the confined space can shield metal/metal‐oxide nanoparticles from toxic components (e. g., SO2, alkali metals, and heavy metals), while improving the activity of the catalysts. In the field of catalytic oxidation of CO and VOCs, noble metals are always confined in the host without aggregating, sintering, or poisoning and show enhanced activity. In the photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs and photocatalytic reduction of CO2, the application of confined catalysts can prolong the contact time of reactants and improve visible‐light absorption and electron transfer, leading to better catalytic performance.