bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive and cost‐efficient migration to cloud approach in dynamic environments
Authors: Bushehrian Omid , Nabavi Seyyed Yahya 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDue to the variety in available cloud providers along with the frequent changes in strategic objectives of an enterprise, migrating existing software components to the cloud has become a challenging decision in the software maintenance phase. “Financial” and “customer satisfaction” viewpoints are two important strategic objectives of all enterprises that greatly affect the decision about migration to the cloud. Moreover immense number of target cloud services with too many configurations and cost models has made the search space of possible migrations huge. Many existing approaches of software migration to the cloud have modeled the problem as deployment optimization of software components over available platforms, while in this research following a valid migration plan is intended rather than proposing a final optimal migration solution (deployment). A migration plan is a sequence of actions to be taken by the technical team to move the software components to the cloud stepwise. Since at each stage of the migration there might be many valid alternative paths to follow, a recommender module is proposed to direct the management by recommending the best migration plan out of all valid plans in a Labeled Transition System. The recommendation is based on the current state of the enterprise which is estimated using a two‐state Hidden Markovian Model by observing ambient signals. The empirical study showed that particularly in dynamic and changing conditions the proposed adaptive and plan‐oriented method succeeded in posing lower accrued maintenance costs on the enterprise over time with confidence 90% compared to the non‐adaptive method due to its reactive and self‐balancing nature.
Predicting the distribution of foraging seabirds during a period of heightened environmental variability
Authors: Evans Rhian , Lea Mary‐Anne , Hindell Mark A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuantifying the links between the marine environment, prey occurrence, and predator distribution is the first step towards identifying areas of biological importance for marine spatial planning. Events such as marine heatwaves result in an anomalous change in the physical environment, which can lead to shifts in the structure, biomass, and distribution of lower trophic levels. As central‐place foragers, seabirds are vulnerable to changes in their foraging grounds during the breeding season. We first quantified spatiotemporal variability in the occurrence and biomass of prey in response to an abrupt change in oceanography as a result of a marine heatwave event. Secondly, using multivariate techniques and machine learning, we investigated if differences in the foraging technique and prey of seabirds resulted in varying responses to changes in prey occurrence and the environment over a 2.5‐yr period. We found that the main variables correlated with seabird distribution were also important in structuring the occurrence and biomass of prey; sea‐surface temperature (SST), current speed, mixed‐layer depth, and bathymetry. Both zooplankton biomass and the occurrence of fish schools exhibited negative relationships with temperature, and temperature was subsequently an important variable in determining seabird distribution. We were able to establish correlations between the distribution of prey and the spatiotemporal distribution of albatross, little penguins and common‐diving petrels. We were unable to find a correlation between the distribution of prey and that of short‐tailed shearwaters and fairy prions. For high‐use coastal areas, the delineation of important foraging regions is essential to balance human use of an area with the needs of marine predators, particularly seabirds.
Effect of top and bottom blowing conditions on spitting in converter
Authors: Amano Shota , Sato Shingo , Takahashi Yukio , Kikuchi Naoki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effect of top blowing and bottom blowing conditions on spitting behavior was investigated by water model experiments and numerical calculation. The results of the water model experiment showed that reducing the jet velocity by using a larger nozzle diameter was effective for reducing spitting. The numerical calculation indicated that interference between the top blown gas jet and the bottom blowing plume increases the gas velocity at the rim of the cavity, causing heavier spitting. A new index using the geometrical locations of the neighboring cavity and plume was proposed. The spitting rate decreased under conditions with lower interference by avoiding interaction between the top blown gas jet and the bottom blowing plume. The energy distribution in the blowing process was discussed based on a water model experiment using bath mixing time, bath vibration, and the spitting rate. The energy for spitting was explained convincingly by the difference between the energy input and the energy of bath vibration, cavity formation, and bath mixing. The results implied lower interference of the top and bottom gas resulted in lower energy for spitting generation.
Behavioral phenotypes of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Hermann Bruce P. , Struck Aaron F. , Dabbs Kevin , Seidenberg Mike , Jones Jana E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identity phenotypes of self‐reported symptoms of psychopathology and their correlates in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Method96 patients with TLE and 82 controls were administered the Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R) to characterize emotional‐behavioral status. The nine symptom scales of the SCL‐90‐R were analyzed by unsupervised machine learning techniques to identify latent TLE groups. Identified clusters were contrasted to controls to characterize their association with sociodemographic, clinical epilepsy, neuropsychological, psychiatric, and neuroimaging factors.ResultsTLE patients as a group exhibited significantly higher (abnormal) scores across all SCL‐90‐R scales compared to controls. However, cluster analysis identified three latent groups: (1) unimpaired with no scale elevations compared to controls (Cluster 1, 42% of TLE patients), (2) mild‐to‐moderate symptomatology characterized by significant elevations across several SCL‐90‐R scales compared to controls (Cluster 2, 35% of TLE patients), and (3) marked symptomatology with significant elevations across all scales compared to controls and the other TLE phenotype groups (Cluster 3, 23% of TLE patients). There were significant associations between cluster membership and demographic (education), clinical epilepsy (perceived seizure severity, bitemporal lobe seizure onset), and neuropsychological status (intelligence, memory, executive function), but with minimal structural neuroimaging correlates. Concurrent validity of the behavioral phenotype grouping was demonstrated through association with psychiatric (current and lifetime‐to‐date DSM IV Axis 1 disorders and current treatment) and quality‐of‐life variables.SignificanceSymptoms of psychopathology in patients with TLE are characterized by a series of discrete phenotypes with accompanying sociodemographic, cognitive, and clinical correlates. Similar to cognition in TLE, machine learning approaches suggest a developing taxonomy of the comorbidities of epilepsy.
Predictive Toxicity Models for Chemically Related Substances: A Case Study with Nonionic Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactant
Authors: Bejarano Adriana C. , Wheeler James R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Predictive toxicity models, including interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models, are reliable alternatives to animal toxicity testing. The ICE models describe mathematical relationships facilitating toxicity prediction from one surrogate test species to a species of unknown sensitivity. The ICE models were developed from curated aquatic toxicity data for 19 nonionic alcohol ethoxylate (AE) surfactants manufactured through the same process. Comparison of AE–ICE predictions with observed values from external validation datasets indicates a reasonable predictive accuracy. Model predictions were also closer to observed values than predictions from previously published ICE models for other substance groups. Comparison of acute fifth percentile hazard concentrations (HC5s) from species sensitivity distributions enhanced with AE–ICE predictions with chronic HC5s published elsewhere produced an acute-to-chronic ratio of 5, which was used to estimate chronic HC5s. With both acute and chronic HC5s for 14 AE substances, regressions were made relative to their respective liposome–water partitioning coefficients (log K lipw), resulting in HC5–log K lipw relationships useful in estimating HC5s for AE substances with known composition but with limited or unavailable toxicity data. The findings from this case study further demonstrate that ICE models are viable alternatives to toxicity testing and could be used as weight of evidence in hazard assessment evaluations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2071–2080. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Interspecies correlation estimation-enhanced species sensitivity distributions for essentially linear alcohol ethoxylates with similar alkyl chain lengths but varying degrees of ethoxylation. EO = ethoxylation number; HC5 = 5th percentile hazard concentration.
Uptake, Tissue Distribution, and Elimination of 8:2 Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Diesters in Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Cui Wenjie , Tan Zhijun , Chen Jiaqi , Wu Haiyan , Geng Qianqian , Guo Mengmeng , Zhai Yuxiu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although the distribution of 8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester (8:2 diPAP) in aquatic environments has been reported, details on its uptake, tissue specificity, and elimination in bivalve mollusks remain to be clarified. The present study is the first report on the accumulation and elimination of 8:2 diPAP in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The tissue-specific accumulation and depuration of 8:2 diPAP and its metabolites were investigated via semistatic seawater exposure (8:2 diPAP at a nominal concentration of 10 μg/L), through water-borne exposure with static daily renewal over a 72-h exposure period and a 360-h depuration period. The digestive gland was found to be the target organ where accumulation and biotransformation primarily occur. The bioaccumulation factor values (mL/g dry wt) in different organs were in the following order: digestive gland (1249) &gt; adductor muscle (315) &gt; gills (289) &gt; gonad (82.9) &gt; mantle (33.0). Moreover, the distribution of 8:2 diPAP among tissues may be related to the total protein content. The 8:2 diPAP tended to be excreted in feces. The compounds 8:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid, 8:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid, 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluoroheptanoic acid were detected and quantified as phase I metabolites, and the concentration of all phase I metabolites relative to the 8:2 diPAP concentration (72 h) was 0.304 mol%. A phase II metabolite, 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol conjugated with sulfate, was detected but not quantitated in the digestive gland. A biotransformation pathway of 8:2 diPAP in M. galloprovincialis was proposed on the basis of the results obtained in the present study and previous studies. These findings improve our understanding of the accumulation of perfluorocarboxylic acids in bivalve mollusks. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1990–2002. © 2021 SETAC
Acute and Chronic Toxicity Testing of Drinking Water Treatment Residuals in Freshwater Systems
Authors: Zhou Lang , Wallace Samuel M. , Kroll Kevin J. , Denslow Nancy D. , Gaillard Jean-François , Meyer Peter , Bonzongo Jean-Claude J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The beneficial use of drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) faces barriers due primarily to uncertainties and concerns about their potential environmental impacts. We used total and water leachable toxic metal concentrations and 2 benthic organism–based bioassays to identify suitable DWTR substrates for introduction to freshwater systems. Using total metal contents and the consensus probable effect concentration concept, 3 DWTRs were selected and used in elutriate and toxicity studies. The concentrations of water leachable Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn were below the US Environmental Protection Agency's ambient water quality criteria. Using the long-term 65-d life cycle Chironomus tentans test and 4 different endpoints (survival, adult emergence, egg case production, and number of eggs produced per female), no statistical differences were found between the DWTR treatments and the controls. Similarly, results obtained using the 10-d Hyalella azteca test showed no toxicity. However, although both survival and growth were recorded in all bioassays, the results of the 10-d C. tentans and the 28-d H. azteca tests were ambiguous. For C. tentans, 2 of the 3 DWTRs resulted in significantly lower survival rates compared to the controls. For H. azteca, no significant growth differences were observed between controls and DWTR treatments, but 2 of the 3 DWTRs resulted in significantly lower survival rates than the controls. Overall, these results suggest that certain DWTR substrates could be suitable for introduction to aquatic systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2003–2012. © 2021 SETAC
Analyzing the features of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the Upper Yangtze River Economic Zone
Authors: Chen Lu , Li Xin , Yang Yunqi , Wang Minxi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a vital resource endowment area and ecological barrier area in China, low‐carbon development in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is of great significance. This paper compiled the emission inventory in the Upper Yangtze River Economic Zone in the IPCC regional emission accounting method framework and used the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model to evaluate economic development and carbon emissions. Finally, this paper used the time series method to predict carbon emissions to 2030. We find that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased rapidly from 2004 to 2012. The average annual growth rate reached 9.16%. After 2012, carbon emissions in the region no longer grow steadily but fluctuate or even decline. The secondary industry contributed 79.77%, the tertiary industry contributed 17.78%, and the primary industry only 2.45% from 2000 to 2015. From the industrial sector and energy consumption, thermoelectricity production and supply division and nonmetallic mineral products industry are the sectors with the most CO2 emissions, accounting for 35.54% and 13.34%, respectively. Raw coal and coke are the main factors causing emissions. Nearly 61.32% of the carbon dioxide produced by raw coal comes from the electricity production sector. However, from 2011 to 2015, the CO2 emissions of raw coal decreased year by year, down by 23.32%. The impact of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions supports the EKC hypothesis. The CO2 emissions in the Upper Yangtze River Economic Zone will decline after 2020, but Chongqing has shown an upward trend. With the above results, provinces and cities can optimize the regional industrial structure based on sectoral carbon emissions. The study area needs to develop clean energy to optimize the coal‐led energy consumption structure. Provinces and cities in the district can learn from each other's advanced emission reduction experience. © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The effect of arm support and control modes on muscle fatigue, eye fatigue, and posture changes in mobile game use among young adults
Authors: Guo Fu , Liu Li , Li Mingming , Greene Runyu L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe popularity of mobile gaming among adults has raised concerns about the adverse health effects of localized muscle and eye fatigue. This study aimed to investigate how arm support and mobile game control characteristics affect muscle and eye fatigue, and postural changes.MethodsTwelve subjects, ages 21–24 years old, were recruited to play a mobile game for 60 min. Participants used two postures (sitting with and without arm support) and two game control modes (touch and rocker). Electromyography measured the abductor pollicis brevis, the upper trapezius, and the extensor carpi radialis muscles. A motion capture system was employed to assess postural changes. Self‐reported fatigue was measured using Borg's scale and Heuer's questionnaire.ResultsArm support had a significant effect on muscle fatigue and posture, including a lower rating of perceived exertion in the shoulder (p < .05) and arm (p < .01), an increase in neck and trunk forward flexion between 22% and 34%, an increase in forearm bearing angle of 97.63%, and a decrease in upper arm bearing angle of 25.94% in the group without arm support. Blink for touch mode was 10.57% higher than for rocker mode.ConclusionArm support was effective in reducing fatigue in the arm and shoulder, but not in the hand. Compared to rocker mode, touch mode increased the visual burden and accelerated visual fatigue. This study provides an understanding of the association between playing mobile games and fatigue, which can help prevent muscle and visual fatigue in mobile gaming.
Fostering Youth’s Queer Activism in Secondary Classrooms: Youth Choice and Queer‐Inclusive Curriculum
Authors: Schey Ryan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious research has revealed that U.S. schools are hostile and unsafe for queer youth, yet school‐based supports, such as LGBTQ‐inclusive curriculum, are associated with more welcoming schools. Studies focusing on inclusive curriculum have implicitly characterized this curriculum didactically, in other words, as a direct intervention into the homophobia, transphobia, and ignorance of straight, cisgender students. Drawing on a yearlong literacy ethnography at a public high school in a Midwestern U.S. city, I explored the complex layers of queer‐inclusive curriculum’s significance. Focusing on two illustrative Socratic seminar assignments from a sophomore humanities course, I argue that the queer‐inclusive curriculum was consequential less because it functioned didactically and more because it fostered a classroom context where youth’s already existing queer activism could flourish. These classroom examples suggest the importance of literacy educators collaborating with youth to offer choice alongside curriculum that represents religiously and racially diverse queer communities, queer joy, and possibilities beyond binaries.
A novel PPRC1 point mutation in a Chinese family with premature ovarian failure: A case study
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jin , Gu Yu , Fu Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with premature ovarian failure (POF) have an at least 6‐month history of amenorrhea and elevated follicle‐stimulating hormone levels in plasma. Most of the POF causes are idiopathic and hereditary, and chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with POF development. A pedigree study was performed on a family with idiopathic POF to observe the possible link between gene mutation and POF development.MethodsIn total, eight women were diagnosed with POF and seven POF patients and five non‐POF members from the same family were evaluated by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. An apoptotic assay, senescence staining, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and overexpression of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐related 1 (PPRC1) gene were performed to examine the association of POF in vitro.ResultsThrough whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, a novel point mutation (NM_015062: c.2902C>T:p.Thr958Ile) was identified and verified in the PPRC1 gene on chromosome 10 (10q24.32). The point mutation only presented in all the seven POF cases and not in non‐POF cases or public databases. Subsequent expression of PPRC1 in COV434 granulosa cells showed that PPRC1 might be involved in regulating granulosa cell apoptosis but not senescence‐associated POF development.ConclusionsA novel point mutation in the PPRC1 gene was identified by the pedigree study and by sequence analysis of the case series with idiopathic POF in the present study. The subsequent PPRC1 expression analysis showed that PPRC1 was not involved in senescence‐associated POF development. Further studies will be needed to confirm the link between PPRC1 gene mutation and POF.
Changes in the multi‐scale structure and physicochemical properties of starch during potato growth
Authors: Yang Liping , Liu Yong , Yang Jianting , Du Chuanlai , Zhai Ligong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrowth stage contributes critically to the physicochemical properties of starches, which make achieving desired functional properties by controlling the growth period possible. Thus, this study investigated the changes in multiscale structure and physicochemical properties of potatoes starches harvested at different growth stages.RESULTSThe amylose and phosphate content varied over the growth period, with the ranges 2.756–2.998 g kg−1 and 0.0058–0.0077 g kg−1, respectively. The starch granules were round or oval, and the size increased with growth. X‐Ray diffraction indicated the B‐type crystalline structure of samples. Time‐dependent changes in crystallinity were observed. The weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) showed a tendency to decrease first and then increase, and presented the lowest Mw (1.105 × 108 g mol−1) at 35 days. A higher proportion of long chains were noted in starch from earlier harvested potatoes than that in later harvested ones. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that starch gelatinization temperature decreased, and gelatinization enthalpy decreased from 16.39 to 14.89 J g−1. All samples possessed weak elastic gel‐like structure, and starches harvested at early stage possessed highest viscosity and stronger gel behaviour. Resistant starch showed a decreasing trend on the whole, and presented highest value (10.69%) at earliest harvest time. Starch from the potatoes harvested at 35 days after tuberization exhibited excellent light transmittance (up to 62.47%).CONCLUSIONPotato starches harvested at different growth period presented extremely different structures and physicochemical properties. The results will provide fundamental data in terms of changes of potato starch during growth which will affect the choice of harvest time. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation of High Strength and Toughness Aramid Fiber by Introducing Flexible Asymmetric Monomer to Construct Misplaced‐Nunchaku Structure
Authors: Xu Ruopei , Qiu Yue , Tang Siyi , Yang Cheng , Dai Yu , Zhang Dajie , Gao Yue , Gao Kexiong , Luo Longbo , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh performance fibers with high strength and toughness have great potential in composites, but contradiction between tensile strength and elongation at break makes the preparation to become a current challenge. Herein, an asymmetric structure of more flexible diamine, 3,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (3,4′‐ODA), is introduced into heterocyclic aramid (PBIA) fibers to replace rigid symmetric p‐phenylenediamine (PDA). By studying the properties of copolymer (mPEBA) fibers with different ratios of diamine, it is found that the mPEBA fiber reached the optimal mechanical properties with the 30% content of 3,4′‐ODA. Compared with homopolymerized heterocyclic aramid fibers, the tensile strength and elongation at break of mPEBA fiber are improved by 26.2% and 38.7%, respectively. Results of X‐ray diffraction show that the introduction of 3,4′‐ODA structure can increase stretchability of mPEBA fibers, improving the orientation degree during hot‐drawing. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that 3,4′‐ODA structure undergoes a conformation transformation to form a straightened chain during hot‐drawing, while symmetrical 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′‐ODA) cannot form the same conformation. The misplaced‐nunchaku structure is formed based on the special meta‐para position of 3,4′‐ODA, achieving the synergy of high strength and high toughness.