bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing the literature on physical activity among children and adolescents affected by cancer: evidence for the international Pediatric Oncology Exercise Guidelines (iPOEG)
Authors: Wurz Amanda , McLaughlin Emma , Lategan Conné , Ellis Kelsey , Culos-Reed S Nicole 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Physical activity (PA), including exercise, is safe and beneficial for children and adolescents affected by cancer. Yet, no efforts have been made to collate the breadth of review and experimental articles exploring the effects of PA in this cohort. Thus, a scoping review of review and experimental articles reporting on the effects of PA for children and adolescents affected by cancer was undertaken. Review and experimental articles published in English, summarizing or reporting on the effects of PA interventions for children and adolescents affected by cancer were included. Articles were identified through prior literature, systematic searching, reference list scanning, stakeholder engagement, and a database update. Data were extracted, collated, assessed for quality (reviews) or risk of bias (experimental articles), and summarized narratively. A total of 1,380 articles were identified; 20 review and 69 experimental articles were included. Articles explored PA behavior, physical, psychosocial, cognitive, and “other” outcomes. Improvements, no change, or mixed results were reported across the majority of outcomes explored. Two PA-related adverse events (e.g., a treatable injury, fatigue) were described. Included articles varied greatly in quality and risk of bias. Findings confirm that PA for children and adolescents affected by cancer is a rapidly growing field. More adequately powered research, focused on priority outcomes, adopting appropriate study designs, and adhering to reporting standards is required. Addressing these gaps will enable a better understanding of the effects of PA. Nevertheless, the literature confirms moving more is beneficial and safe for children and adolescents affected by cancer.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-DNA Adducts in Gulf of Mexico Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies Collected in 2012
Authors: Poirier Miriam C , Marsili Letizia , Fossi Maria Cristina , Godard-Codding Céline A. J , Hernandez-Ramon Elena E , Si Nancy , Divi Kathyayini V , Divi Rao L , Kerr Iain , Wise John Pierce , Wise Catherine F , Wise Sandra S , Aboueissa Abou El-Makarim , Wise James T. F , Wise John Pierce 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The northern Gulf of Mexico has a long history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination from anthropogenic activities, natural oil seepages, and the 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill. The continental shelf of the same area is a known breeding ground for sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). To evaluate PAH-DNA damage, a biomarker for potential cancer risk, we compared skin biopsies collected from Gulf of Mexico sperm whales in 2012 with skin biopsies collected from sperm whales in areas of the Pacific Ocean in 1999–2001. All samples were obtained by crossbow and comprised both epidermis and subcutaneous blubber. To evaluate exposure, 7 carcinogenic PAHs were analyzed in lipids extracted from Pacific Ocean sperm whale blubber, pooled by sex, and location. To evaluate PAH-DNA damage, portions of all tissue samples were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned, and examined for PAH-DNA adducts by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an antiserum elicited against benzo[a]pyrene-modified DNA, which crossreacts with several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs bound to DNA. The IHC showed widespread epidermal nuclear localization of PAH-DNA adducts in the Gulf of Mexico whales (n = 15) but not in the Pacific Ocean whales (n = 4). A standard semiquantitative scoring system revealed significantly higher PAH-DNA adducts in the Gulf of Mexico whales compared to the whales from the Pacific Ocean study (p = .0002).
ATAC-Seq Data for Genome-Wide Profiling of Transcription Factor Binding Sites in the Rice False Smut Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Liu Hao , Chen Xiaolin , Huang Junbin , Hsiang Tom , Zheng Lu 
Published: February 2021

Identification of transcription factor binding sites is one of the most important steps in understanding the function of transcription factors and regulatory networks in organisms. The assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a simple protocol for detection of open chromatin that could be a powerful tool to advance studies of protein-DNA interactions. Although ATAC-seq has been used in systematic identification of cis-regulatory regions in animal and plant genomes, this method has been rarely applied in fungi. Here, we describe a valuable ATAC-seq resource in the genome of an economically important phytopathogen, the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. The ATAC-seq data of U. virens mycelia collected from potato sucrose broth (PSB) and PSB supplied with rice spikelet extract were both generated. This is the first genome-wide profiling of open chromatin and transcription factor binding sites in U. virens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Effect of Sacroiliac Fusion and Pelvic Fixation on Rod Strain in Thoracolumbar Fusion Constructs
Authors: Mushlin Harry M. , Shea Phelan , Brooks Daina M. , Hayward Gerald M. , Ferrick Bryan J. , Olexa Joshua , Bucklen Brandon S. , Sansur Charles 
Published: February 2021

Study Design.

In vitro biomechanical study.

Objective.
Investigate effects of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion and iliac fixation on distal rod strain in thoracolumbar fusions.

Summary of Background Data.
Instrument failure is a multifactorial, challenging problem frequently encountered by spinal surgeons. Increased rod strain may lead to instrumentation failure and rod fracture.

Methods.
Seven fresh frozen human cadaveric specimens (T9–pelvis) used. Six operative constructs tested to investigate changes in rod strain at L5–S1 and S1–Ilium rods, posterior pedicle screws/rods from T10–S1 (PS), PS + bilateral iliac screw fixation, PS + unilateral iliac screw fixation (UIS), PS+UIS+3 unilateral SIJ screws, PS + 3 unilateral SIJ screws, and PS +6 bilateral SIJ screws. Uniaxial strain gauges were used to measure surface strain of rods during flexion-extension.

Results.
In flexion-extension, bilateral iliac screws added significant strain to L5–S1 compared with long fusion constructs ending at S1 (PS) (P < 0.05). Unilateral iliac fixation exhibited highest strain to L5–S1 ipsilateral rod, was significantly higher compared with bilateral iliac fixation and PS construct. Unilateral and bilateral SIJ fusion did not significantly change L5–S1 rod strain compared with PS. When measuring S1–Ilium rod strain, unilateral pelvic fixation had highest reported rod strain, approached significance compared with bilateral iliac screws (P = 0.054). Addition of contralateral SIJ fusion did not affect rod strain at S1–ilium on side with unilateral fixation.

Conclusion.
Results showed additional fixation below S1 to pelvis added significant rod strain. Unilateral pelvic screws had highest rod strain; SIJ fusion did not affect rod strain. Findings can help guide surgeons when associated risk of rod failure is a consideration.

Level of Evidence: N/A
The Changing Role of Chest Pain in the Emergency Department Observation Unit
Authors: Terry Nataisia , Franks Nicole , Moran Tim , Pitts Steve , Osborne Anwar , Ross Michael A. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
This study objective was to describe changes in the utilization of a protocol-driven emergency department observation unit (EDOU) for chest pain over time.

Methods:
This is a retrospective serial cross-sectional study of data from a clinical data warehouse of a single integrated healthcare system. We estimated long-term trends (2009–2019) in EDOU visits at 4 system hospitals, using monthly proportions as the main outcome, and month of visit as the exposure variable, accounting for age and sex. Rate changes associated with compulsory use of the History, EKG, Age, Risk factors, Troponin (HEART) score in 2016 were analyzed.

Results:
There were 83,168 EDOU admissions among 1.3 million ED visits during the study interval, with an average admission rate of 5.9% of ED visits. The most common conditions were chest pain (41.2%), transient ischemic attack (7.8%), dehydration (6.3%), syncope (5.8%), and abdominal pain (5.2%). In each hospital, there was a temporal annual decline in the proportion of EDOU visits for chest pain protocols ranging from −7.9% to −2.8%, an average rate of −3.3% per year (95% CI, −4.6% to −2.0%) or a 54% (from 54% to 25%) relative decline in over the 11-year study interval. This decline was significantly steeper in younger middle–aged patients (ages 39–49). The HEART score intervention had a small impact on baseline decline of −3.1% at the 2 intervention hospitals, reducing it by −1.5% (95% CI, −2.2% to −0.8%).

Conclusions:
Utilization of the EDOU for chest pain decreased over time, with corresponding increases in other conditions. This decline preceded the introduction of the HEART score.
The Impact of Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol Implementation on Chest Pain Observation Unit Utilization
Authors: Husain Iltifat , Mahler Simon A. , Hiestand Brian C. , Miller Chadwick D. , Stopyra Jason P. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Data evaluating the impact of the history, ECG, age, risk factors, and troponin (HEART) Pathway on observation unit (OU) use is limited. The objective of this study is to determine how HEART Pathway implementation affects OU use.

Methods:
An analysis of OU registry data from October 2012 to October 2016, 2 years before and after HEART Pathway implementation at an academic medical center, was conducted. Adult patients placed in the OU for chest pain were included. The proportion of patients placed in the OU chest pain protocol per total OU volume and hospitalization and myocardial infarction (MI) rates were determined. Proportions before versus after implementation were compared using χ2 tests and age was compared using a Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:
During the study period, 1688 patients with chest pain before HEART Pathway implementation and 1692 after were included. The proportion of chest pain patients in the OU per total OU volume decreased following implementation from (57% [1688/2968] to 43.6% [1692/3882]; P < 0.001). Before HEART Pathway implementation, the hospitalization rate was 10.4% (175/1688) versus 12.4% (210/1692) after (P = 0.07). More patients were diagnosed with MI following implementation (0.8% [14/1665] vs. 2.0% [33/1686]; P = 0. 008). Median age was older postimplementation (52 years [IQR: 45–59 years] vs. 54 years [IQR: 48–64 years]; P < 0. 001).

Conclusions:
HEART Pathway implementation resulted in management of higher risk patients in the OU. Following implementation, OU chest pain patients were older and were more likely to be hospitalized or diagnosed with MI.
Two-paired Mini-incisional Entropion Surgery for Involutional Entropion
Authors: Ozdemir Ibrahim 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to describe “2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery” for involutional entropion.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective single-surgeon case series. Patients who underwent different entropion surgeries were reviewed. Patients with involutional entropion were divided into 3 groups according to the type of surgery performed by a single surgeon: 2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery; transconjunctival retractor reinsertion; or transcutaneous retractor reinsertion. Patients were followed up to 35 months after the surgery. Operation time, complications, and success were compared between groups.

Results:
Sixty-six lower eyelids of 60 patients were evaluated. The recurrence was 7.7% in the transcutaneous group, was 5.9% in the 2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery group, and was 5.3% in the transconjunctival group. The total chance of success in 24-month period was 94.7% in the transconjunctival approach group, was 94.1% in the 2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery group, and was 92.3% in the transcutaneous group.

Conclusion:
The 2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery can be used for entropion repair alone or in combination with horizontal tightening surgeries.
Delayed Gastric Emptying in Prelung Transplant Patients Is Associated With Posttransplant Acute Cellular Rejection Independent of Reflux
Authors: Derousseau Taylor , Chan Walter W. , Cangemi David , Kaza Vaidehi , Lo Wai-Kit , Gavini Sravanya 
Published: February 2021

Goal:
The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pretransplant delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and posttransplant acute cellular rejection (ACR) in lung transplant recipients.

Background:
DGE is very prevalent (23% to 91%) after lung transplantation but pretransplant prevalence has not been well studied. DGE may lead to poor posttransplant outcomes by predisposing to microaspiration. Pretransplant testing for DGE may help identify patients at risk for negative posttransplant outcomes including ACR.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients undergoing prelung transplant evaluation at a tertiary referral center from 2010 to 2015 was performed. Patients with pretransplant gastric emptying scintigraphy were included in the study. ACR diagnosis was made using International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) histologic criteria. Typical gastroparesis symptoms at the time of gastric emptying scintigraphy and pretransplant 24-hour pH impedance monitoring (MII-pH) data was collected. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to account for gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Results:
A total of 83 subjects (18 with DGE, 51.8% male, mean age: 53.6 y) met the criteria for inclusion. Patients with DGE were more likely to have typical symptoms of gastroparesis, though 61.1% of DGE patients were asymptomatic. ACR was more prevalent in patients with DGE (33.3% vs. 12.3%, P=0.04). This correlation was independent of GER as measured by MII-pH on subgroup analysis (75% vs. 14.3%, n=0.02).

Discussion:
Lung transplant recipients with pretransplant DGE have a higher incidence of ACR, independent of GER. Routine pretransplant testing for DGE may help identify patients at greater risk for adverse posttransplant outcomes as the majority of patients with DGE are asymptomatic.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19
Authors: Schlabitz Franziska , Teich Niels , Riesner-Wehner Anica , Böhm Sebastian , Greinert Robin , Eisenmann Stephan , Michl Patrick , Walldorf Jens 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Knowledge about SARS-CoV2 and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is growing fast. Massive changes in the health care system imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic clearly impact the overall quality of medical care. In this survey, we aim to explore experiences and concerns of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) regarding the current pandemic.

Methods:
A 40-item web-based questionnaire on disease-related experiences and concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic was made available to patients with IBD from 28 April 2020 to 31 July 2020.

Results:
An increased risk of SARS-CoV2 infection was a concern for 56.7% of the 1199 patients (aged 41.3±12.8, women 77%, Crohn’s disease 58.8%, ulcerative colitis 38.5%); 61.7% feared an increased risk of severe disease course of COVID-19. Effective preventive measures in either outpatient practices or hospitals were observed by 84.7% of the patients. Appointments with an IBD specialist were canceled in 38.7%, frequently on the patients’ initiative. Telecommunication visits were considered an acceptable alternative to personal visits by 71.0%. Medication was reduced or paused in 6.9% because of the pandemic. A swab (SARS-CoV2-PCR) was done in 13.2% of the patients; only 3 patients (0.25%) were tested positive.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major concern of patients with IBD. However, the cumulative prevalence in our cohort is low. Patients at risk should be identified and counseled individually. When required because of the local COVID-19 situation, telecommunication visits and liberal prescription policies are advisable to reduce in-person contacts, while ensuring continuous therapy and maintaining communication with patients.
Predicting Kidney Discard Using Machine Learning
Authors: Barah Masoud , Mehrotra Sanjay 
Published: February 2021

Background.
Despite the kidney supply shortage, 18%–20% of deceased donor kidneys are discarded annually in the United States. In 2018, 3569 kidneys were discarded.

Methods.
We compared machine learning (ML) techniques to identify kidneys at risk of discard at the time of match run and after biopsy and machine perfusion results become available. The cohort consisted of adult deceased donor kidneys donated between December 4, 2014, and July 1, 2019. The studied ML models included Random Forests (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Neural Networks (NNet), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and K-nearest Neighbors (KNN). In addition, a Logistic Regression (LR) model was fitted and used for comparison with the ML models’ performance.

Results.
RF outperformed other ML models. Of 8036 discarded kidneys in the test dataset, LR correctly classified 3422 kidneys, whereas RF correctly classified 4762 kidneys (area under the receiver operative curve [AUC]: 0.85 versus 0.888, and balanced accuracy: 0.681 versus 0.759). For the kidneys with kidney donor profile index of >85% (6079 total), RF significantly outperformed LR in classifying discard and transplant prediction (AUC: 0.814 versus 0.717, and balanced accuracy: 0.732 versus 0.657). More than 388 kidneys were correctly classified using RF. Including biopsy and machine perfusion variables improved the performance of LR and RF (LR’s AUC: 0.888 and balanced accuracy: 0.74 versus RF’s AUC: 0.904 and balanced accuracy: 0.775).

Conclusions.
Kidneys that are at risk of discard can be more accurately identified using ML techniques such as RF.
Longitudinal serology in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals in India – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Thiruvengadam Ramachandran , Chattopadhyay Souvick , Mehdi Farha , Desiraju Bapu Koundinya , Chaudhuri Susmita , Singh Savita , Bhartia Vandita , Kshetrapal Pallavi , Natchu Uma Chandra Mouli , Wadhwa Nitya , Sopory Shailaja , Wahi Mudita , Pandey Anil K. , Das Asim , Anand Nidhi , Sharma Nandini , Sharma Pragya , Saxena Sonal , Sindhu Deepa , Sindhu Brahmdeep , Sharma Dharmendra , Dang Navin , Batra Gaurav , Kang Gagandeep , Bhatnagar Shinjini ,   for DBT India Consortium for COVID-19 Research
Published: February 2021

AbstractClinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection are now widely available, but there are few data on longitudinal serology in large cohorts, particularly from low-and middle-income countries. We established an ongoing prospective cohort of 3840 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals in the Delhi-National Capital Region of India, to document clinical and immunological characteristics during illness and convalescence. The IgG responses to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid were assessed at 0-7, 10-28 days and 6-10 weeks after infection. The clinical predictors of seroconversion were identified by multivariable regression analysis. The seroconversion rates in the post-infection windows of 0–7 days, 10–28 days and 6–10 weeks were 46%, 84.7% and 85.3% respectively (n=782). The proportion with a serological response increased with severity of COVID-19 disease. All participants with severe disease, 89.6% with mild to moderate infection and 77.3% of asymptomatic participants had IgG antibodies to the RBD antigen. The threshold values in the nasopharyngeal viral RNA RT-PCR in a subset of asymptomatic and symptomatic seroconverters were comparable (p value: 0.48), with similar results among non-seroconverters (p value: 0.16) (n=169). This is the first report of longitudinal humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection over a period of ten weeks from South Asia. The low seropositivity in asymptomatic participants and differences between assays highlight the importance of contextualizing the understanding of population serosurveys.SummaryWe measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD and NC protein IgG in a multi-hospital-based prospective cohort from northern India up to ten weeks post-infection. The lower seroconversion rate among asymptomatic RT-PCR positive participants has public health significance particularly for interpreting community seroprevalence estimates.
A single mRNA immunization boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Stamatatos Leonidas , Czartoski Julie , Wan Yu-Hsin , Homad Leah J. , Rubin Vanessa , Glantz Hayley , Neradilek Moni , Seydoux Emilie , Jennewein Madeleine F. , MacCamy Anna J. , Feng Junli , Mize Gregory , De Rosa Stephen C. , Finzi Andrés , Lemos Maria P. , Cohen Kristen W. , Moodie Zoe , McElrath M. Juliana , McGuire Andrew T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have raised concerns about resistance to neutralizing antibodies elicited by previous infection or vaccination. We examined whether sera from recovered and naïve donors collected prior to, and following immunizations with existing mRNA vaccines, could neutralize the Wuhan-Hu-1 and B.1.351 variants. Pre-vaccination sera from recovered donors neutralized Wuhan-Hu-1 and sporadically neutralized B.1.351, but a single immunization boosted neutralizing titers against all variants and SARS-CoV-1 by up to 1000-fold. Neutralization was due to antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain and was not boosted by a second immunization. Immunization of naïve donors also elicited cross-neutralizing responses, but at lower titers. Our study highlights the importance of vaccinating both uninfected and previously infected persons to elicit cross-variant neutralizing antibodies.