bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the barriers for eye care among transgenders and commercial sex workers in Pune, Maharashtra
Authors: Kulkarni Sucheta , Lawande Devika D , Dharmadhikari Sheetal , Deshpande Col. Madan 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To explore all possible barriers faced by transgenders (TG) and commercial sex workers (CSW) in accessing eye care in Pune city in western India.

Methods:
This qualitative study was conducted at a tertiary eye care center in Pune. Interview topic guides for face-to-face interviews and focused group discussions were developed. Comprehensive eye check-up was organized in the residential localities of TG and CSW communities in Pune. Those with severe visual impairment or blindness were identified. A sample of TGs and CSWs from this group was purposively selected and invited to participate in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with each TG and CSW. A group of health care providers and NGO workers serving these communities were invited to participate in focused group discussions. All interviews/discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. A qualitative software (N vivo 12, QRS International, Australia) was used to identify various themes and subthemes under each domain of barriers.

Results:
A total of 24 people (6 each from TGs, CSWs, health care provider, and NGO worker groups) participated in this study. The most common barriers reported were social stigma, discrimination, poverty, financial exclusion, and mental health factors. Non availability of gender-neutral facilities in clinics was a unique barrier reported by TGs.

Conclusion:
Marginalized communities of TGs and CSWs in Pune face several previously unexplored and unique barriers for access to eye care despite the availability of services in the vicinity.
Effect of complicated ocular surgery in stress-related parameters: A novel outlook into surgeon’s health
Authors: Kaushik Jaya , Pannu Anju , Chaitanya YVK , Kumar Ashok , Parihar Jitendra Kumar Singh , Jain Vaibhav K , Chaturvedi Piyush , Manumala Lalita K , Singh Ankita , Kochhar Divya 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To assess the stress-related physiological parameters of ophthalmic surgeons during complicated cataract surgery and compare them with uncomplicated routine cataract surgery.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional observational study, 110 patients of various types of cataract were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 55 patients with simple cataract (Grade ≤3) with no ocular or systemic comorbidities, whereas Group 2 included 55 patients with complicated cataracts (Grade >3) and ocular/systemic comorbidities. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in the right eye only. The outcome measures were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2).

Results:
The average SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR were significantly higher in the surgeon operating Group 2 (complicated cataract) compared with Group 1 (uncomplicated cataract; P < 0.05). The average SBP of the surgeon while operating Group 1 patients preoperatively and postoperatively was 125.42 ± 2.49 mmHg and 122.45 ± 2.10 mmHg, respectively, whereas in Group 2, the average SBP of the surgeon taken preoperatively and postoperatively was 145.98 ± 3.80 mmHg and 137.44 ± 3.45 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.05). The surgeon’s SpO2 showed no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion:
There is a significant level of increase in stress-related parameters of operating surgeons while doing complicated cataract surgery.
Evaluating the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the intraocular fluid of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Hada Maya , Khilnani Kamlesh , Vyas Nitya , Chouhan Jugal Kishore , Dharawat Kulveer S , Bhandari Sudhir , Tripathy Koushik 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in aqueous and vitreous humor of COVID-19 patients in a pilot study.

Methods:
Consecutive patients planned for emergency ophthalmic surgeries after ocular trauma were subjected to naso-oropharyngeal RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Laboratory-confirmed cases were enrolled for the study. During surgery, 0.1 mL aqueous and vitreous each was aspirated. The vitreous tap was collected on clinical suspicion of endophthalmitis. RT-PCR test was used to detect SARS-COV-2 nucleotide in the samples. Cycle threshold (Ct) for E gene of ≤35 along with confirmatory results on one of the two target genes (RdRp or ORF1b) was considered as positive.

Results:
One hundred and thirty two patients were found positive on naso-oropharyngeal RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 preoperatively. Seven patients with ocular trauma were studied. The mean age was 31.8 years. There were six male and one female patient. Two patients had symptoms of mild COVID-19 disease and the rest were asymptomatic. The mean Ct value of the E gene on naso-oropharyngeal RT-PCR was 23.14 ± 4.7. Corneal and corneoscleral laceration repair was done in five patients, intracorneal wooden foreign body was removed in one patient, and injection of intravitreal antibiotics was done in one patient. Aqueous and vitreous tap was collected in 7 and 5 patients, respectively. None of the aqueous or vitreous samples was found positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion:
SARS-CoV-2 was not detected by RT-PCR in aqueous or vitreous humor in this pilot study. Future studies with a larger sample size are needed to further explore the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in intraocular fluids.
Clinical and histopathological assessment of botulinum toxin-A injection for treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids
Authors: Elfiky Seif-Allah M. , Shokeir Hisham , Elbasiouny Mahmoud S. , Samy Nevien 
Published: September 2021

Background
Various treatments for hypertrophic scars (HTS) and keloids are available. Not all treatment modalities have been adequately tested. Recently, it has been shown that botulinum toxin type A (BTX) positively affects wound healing, so it might contribute in treating HTS and keloids.

Objective
To assess the effect of BTX intralesional injection as a monotherapy for the treatment of HTS and keloids clinically and histopathologically.

Patients and methods
A total of 30 patients with HTS and keloids were treated by intralesional injection of BTX as a monotherapy. Each lesion was injected with BTX (5 IU/cm2 once every 4 weeks for four sessions). Immunohistochemical evaluation of the lesions before and after treatment was done. Moreover, Vancouver scar scale and clinical imaging were taken before and after treatment.

Results
There was a highly significant difference after treatment with BTX intralesional in both the epidermal thickness (P=0.001) and area% of fibroblast dermis (P=0.001). Additionally, there was a significant decline in Vancouver scar scale after treatment (P<0.001).

Conclusion
BTX injection of HTS and keloids can be considered as a promising effective and well tolerated therapeutic option acting on fibroblast activity of HTS and keloids.
Serum levels of interleukin-33 in alopecia areata
Authors: Eid Amira A. , Issa Yasmine A. , Abdel Maksoud Eman M. , Badran Fairouz K. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease of the hair follicles, in which both innate and adaptive immunity are involved. Several factors have been linked to its etiopathogenesis, including genetic predisposition, autoimmunity, proinflammatory cytokines, and other triggering factors.

Objective
To measure serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) in AA patients and study its relation to different disease-related and patient-related factors.

Patients and methods
In total, 40 AA patients and 40 controls were enrolled. Clinical disease severity was determined and severity of alopecia tool score was calculated. Disease activity was evaluated. Serum IL-33 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and investigated in relation to the different studied variables.

Results
Significantly higher levels of IL-33 were detected in sera of patients compared with controls (P<0.001). IL-33 showed a significant positive correlation with clinical disease severity (P=0.044), severity of alopecia tool score (P=0.004), and disease duration (P=0.023). IL-33 was significantly higher in patients with chronic disease compared with those with acute disease (P=0.037). No significant relation was detected between disease activity and IL-33 (P=0.963). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed a cut-off value of 14.02 pg/ml for IL-33 to be diagnostic of AA.

Conclusion
The elevated IL-33 in patients, in addition to the relation of IL-33 with disease severity and chronicity, could point to its possible role in the pathogenesis of AA and to its potential value as a diagnostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target.
Il17A (rs2275913 G>A) and IL17F (rs2397084 T>C) gene polymorphisms
Authors: Hamza Ashraf , Elwafa Reham Abo , Ramadan Nasren , Omar Salma S. 
Published: September 2021

Background
IL17F rs763780 polymorphism results in substitution of histidine to arginine at amino acid 161, leading to upregulation of IL17F and increased propensity to autoimmune diseases. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs2275913 (G197A) involves a substitution of the guanine by an adenine nucleotide base in IL17A gene promotor which plays a key role in regulation of cytokine transcription. The relation of IL17 polymorphisms however to psoriasis risk and response to methotrexate has not been previously studied in Egyptians.

Objective
To study the relation of IL17A (rs2275913 G>A) and IL17F (rs2397084 T>C) polymorphisms to psoriasis risk and assess their predictive role regarding response to methotrexate.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted in two phases. First, a case–control study including 100 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 100 healthy control patients was conducted for IL17A (rs2275913) and IL17F (rs2397084) polymorphisms by real-time PCR. Second, a cohort study was adopted where the patients with psoriasis were treated with methotrexate weekly intramuscularly (0.6 mg/kg) for 12 weeks and followed for clinical response.

Results
IL17F TT genotype was more frequent in patients (87%) than controls (68%), whereas TC genotype was more frequent in controls (32%) than patients (13%). TT genotype was associated with increased risk of psoriasis, whereas the TC allele was associated with a decreased risk. There was no significant difference regarding IL17A GG, GA, and AA genotype frequencies between patients and controls. Psoriasis area and severity index greater than or equal to 75% was achieved in 22 patients (73.3%) with the TT genotype and eight patients (26.7%) with TC genotype (P=0.019).

Conclusion
IL17F (rs2397084 T>C) TT genotype could be considered a susceptibility marker in Egyptian patients. Psoriatic patients with TT genotype and T allele of IL17F (rs2397084 T>C) are likely to show a better response to methotrexate.
Comparative evaluation of steroid sensitivity in various dermatoses with control group through histopathological examination and patch testing
Authors: Lodha Ayushi , Someshwar Shylaja 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Topical corticosteroids are widely used for treating various dermatoses. People have been self-medicating them for fungal infections, pigmentary disorders, and for many other dermatoses. This overzealous and irrational use of corticosteroid makes individuals susceptible for its adverse effects.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid sensitivity in various dermatoses.

Materials and Methods:
Patch testing with Indian standard series and corticosteroid series was performed in sixty subjects where thirty patients were cases and thirty were controls. Histopathological examination and As it is (ASIS) were done only for the case group. Patches were applied on the back for 48 h and reading was done on day 2, day 4, and day 7 according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research group grading.

Results:
The maximum cases were in the age group of 20–30 years (33.3%) while 31–40 years was the most common age range (50%) among controls. Among the case group, 60% were male and 40% were female. Maximum patients affected in the case group were homemakers (36.7%) followed by laborers (13.3%). The case group showed 16.7% positive patch test reactions while none were positive in the control group. Thiomersal was positive in 13.3% of cases and neomycin in 3.3% of cases. ASIS was negative in all cases. Thiomersal is commonly used as a preservative in topical medicaments, cosmetics, and vaccines.

Conclusions:
Steroid sensitivity is hard to diagnose clinically, thereby causing difficulty in managing such cases. Patch test is a noninvasive gold standard procedure without major adverse effects and helps in treating the dermatoses with appropriate class of corticosteroid by avoiding the suspected allergen.
Reference values of dorsal sural sensory nerve action potential
Authors: Acharya Manoranjan , Jena Sunil Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Dorsal sural sensory nerve is the most distal nerve of the lower limb for which its sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) could be helpful for the diagnosis of early and subclinical peripheral neuropathy. The objective of this study was to estimate the age and sex reference data of amplitude (Amp), onset latency (OL), and conduction velocity (CV) of SNAP.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 healthy subjects (28 male and 22 female). Participants were stratified into Group A (≤50 years) and Group B (>50 years) according to their age. Student's t-test was used to compare the data between Group A and B, between male and female and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between age and SNAP parameters.

Results:
OL of Group A and Group B was 2.80 ± 0.36 ms and 3.11 ± 0.55 ms, respectively (P = 0.037). CV of Group A and Group B was 45.6 ± 3.33 m/sec and 39.5 ± 1.17 m/sec, respectively (P = 0.000). Amp of Group A and Group B was 6.63 ± 0.73 μV 4.99 ± 0.47 μV, respectively (P = 0.000). OL of male and female was 2.59 ± 0.28 ms 3.34 ± 0.25 ms, respectively (P = 0.000). Pearson correlation coefficient “r” between “age– OL,” “age– CV,” and “age– Amp” was 0.135 (P = 0.351), −0.759 (P = 0.000), 0.953 (P = 0.000), respectively.

Conclusion:
This study provides age and sex reference values of dorsal sural SNAP in the eastern part of the Indian population.
Comparing adverse effects, short term outcomes, and cost implications of hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy with Mitomycin-C and intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin instillation (Moscow-I strain) in the management of intermediate and high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Thyavihally Yuvaraja B. , Waigankar Santosh S. , Dev Preetham , Asari Ashish , Pednekar Abhinav P. , Athikari Nevitha , Raut Abhijit , Khandekar Archan , Badlani Naresh 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
The recommended treatment for intermediate and high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is adjuvant intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) instillation. However, up to 50% experience tumor recurrences even after adjuvant BCG, and many patients develop local or systemic adverse effects. Our study compared adverse effects, short-term recurrence rates, and cost-implications of BCG therapy to Hyperthermic Intra-VEsical Chemotherapy (HIVEC) with Mitomycin-C (MMC) in these patients.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of intermediate and high-risk NMIBC patients who received either intravesical BCG or HIVEC® after transurethral resection of bladder tumor in our institute (January 2017 to March 2020) was done. Twenty-two patients who received HIVEC and 29 who received BCG were analyzed. We used SPSS Statistics v20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software for the statistical analysis.

Results:
Nineteen (86.4%) patients in the HIVEC group had no adverse effects. Two (9.1%) patients had Grade I lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) treated symptomatically. One patient developed UTI after HIVEC, and further cycles were stopped (Grade II). BCG group had a higher rate of Grade III adverse effects in six (20.7%) patients. Median follow-up was 10.5 and 22 months. The tumor recurred in one (4.5%) and six (20.7%) patients in HIVEC and BCG groups, respectively. There was no difference in recurrence-free survival at 18 months and the cost for the HIVEC therapy was more.

Conclusions:
HIVEC with MMC is a reasonable adjuvant treatment option in NMIBC, which is well tolerated, albeit increased cost of the treatment. Randomized trials with more follow-up are required for further conclusion.
The creation of unilateral intermittent and unintermittent renal ischemia-reperfusion models in rats
Authors: Soytas Mustafa , Gursoy Duygu , Boz Mustafa Yucel , Cakici Cagri , Keskin Ilknur , Yigitbasi Turkan , Guven Selcuk , Horuz Rahim , Albayrak Selami 
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim:
This study aims to establish unilateral intermittent and unintermittent partial nephrectomy-like renal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) model in rats and to compare the results with biochemical findings.

Material and Methods:
The study was conducted on 24 adult 8-week-old male Wistar-Albino rats, each weighing s200–250 g. The rats were divided into three groups. In the Sham group (n = 8), the kidney was surgically exposed and closed. We designed experimental I-R models in the second group (n = 8, a total of 30-min ischemia model in the manner of 3 intermittent sets 8 minutes clamping and 2 min unclamping) and in the third group (n = 8, one session of 30-min unintermittent ischemia). In postoperative day 1, the rats were sacrificed, and the effects of I-R models on the renal tissue were comparatively assessed by evaluating serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), serum kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), urinary NGAL, urinary KIM-1, and serum creatinine levels.

Results:
Urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels were significantly higher in the continuous ischemia group when compared to those in the sham and intermittent ischemia groups (P < 0.05). In the intermittent ischemia group, urinary NGAL and urinary KIM-1 levels were significantly higher than those in the sham group (P < 0.05). Although the results of serum NGAL, serum KIM-1, and serum creatinine levels seemed to be in parallel to the results of urinary markers, no statistically significant difference was found.

Conclusion:
Renal injury was significantly less in the intermittent I-R model when compared to that in the unintermittent I-R model in our experimental rat study.
The Interdisciplinary Research Team not the Interdisciplinarist
Authors: Shanker Shanti , Wasti Sharada Prasad , Ireland Jillian , Regmi Pramod R , Simkhada Padam Prasad , Van Teijlingen Edwin 
Published: September 2021

Worldwide there is a growing interest in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. This overview paper addresses some of the pitfalls and barriers to being an interdisciplinary researcher. Being involved in interdisciplinary research is not an easy option for an individual discipline expert. It requires individual skills, ability to see beyond one’s discipline and perhaps personality characteristics such as a great team player. Interdisciplinary research may involve a mixed-methods approach underpinned by conflicting, and according to some incommensurable, research philosophies. The paper uses some examples from our own experiences of working in interdisciplinary teams to illustrate its potential.
COMPLEX OF NICKEL (II) ION WITH TRYPTOPHAN AS A HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST IN THE DECOMPOSITION REACTION OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Grigoryan Gevorg S. 
Published: September 2021

The formation of Ni2+:Tryptophan (Trp) 1:1 complex, which acts as a model catalyst for decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (ROOH) in Ni2++Trp+ROOH+H2O system, has been confirmed via kinetic study in aqueous solution at pH>7. The kinetic expression of a single catalytic decomposition reaction of ROOH under the influence of [NiTrp]+ complex was brought out. The temperature dependence of the effective rate constant of ROOH decay (Keff=Kcat[Ni2+]0[Trp]0=const) in the temperature range from 323 to 343 K can be expressed by Arrhenius equation (Eeff is in kJ/mol): Keff=(1.87±0.02)·106exp[–(49.8±0.3)/RT], min –1.
Deteksi Pasien Obstetrik Kritis dengan Maternal Early Warning System
Authors: Kumala Fajar Apsari Ratih 
Published: September 2021

Adaptasi fisiologis yang terjadi pada ibu hamil dapat menyamarkan tanda-tanda penyakit maternal berat. Ini mempersulit identifikasi kolaps maternal yang akan terjadi. Penggunaan early warning system (EWS) yang dimodifikasi untuk penggunaan pada pasien ibu hamil dan postpartum akan membantu dalam identifikasi, treatment dini, dan penanganan pasien yang memiliki, atau akan mengalami, penyakit kritis. Maternal Early Warning System (MEWS) seharusnya mengidentifikasi pasien yang berisiko untuk mengalami perburukan pada saat intervensi dini dapat mencegah perburukan ke morbiditas berat MEWS telah digunakan secara ekstensif dalam praktek obstetrik, tetapi sistem yang digunakan sangat bervariasi. Parameter-parameter yang sering dimasukkan dalam MEWS antara lain denyut jantung, tingkat pernapasan, tekanan darah, dan tingkat kesadaran. Dari berbagai MEWS yang telah dikembangkan, ada tiga MEWS utama, yaitu (1) modified early obstetric warning system (MEOWS), (2) Maternal Early Warning Criteria (MEWC), dan (3) Maternal Early Warning Trigger (MEWT) tool. Hingga kini masih belum diketahui sistem MEWS apa yang terbaik, dan setiap rumah sakit mungkin memerlukan penyesuaian dalam parameter MEWS. Literatur yang ada menunjukkan kemungkinan manfaat dan mendukung penggunaan MEWS. Implementasi dan penggunaan MEWT telah dikaitkan dengan penurunan morbiditas maternal komposit dan morbiditas maternal berat. Akan tetapi, respon apa yang optimal untuk setting tertentu agar memperbaiki pelayanan maternal setelah tanda peringatan muncul hingga kini masih belum jelas.

Detection of Critically Ill Obstetric Patients with Maternal Early Warning System
Abstract
Physiological adaptations that develop in pregnant women may obscure signs of severe maternal diseases. These causes difficulties in identifying the impending maternal collapse. An early warning system (EWS) modified for pregnant and postpartum women may assist in identification, early treatment, and management of patients who already or will develop critical illness. Maternal Early Warning System MEWS has been extensively used in obstetric practices; however, the systems used in preactice are varied. The most considered parameters for MEWS are heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and level of consciousness. From many MEWS developed, three primary MEWS existed, (1) modified early obstetric warning system (MEOWS), (2) Maternal Early Warning Criteria (MEWC), dan (3) Maternal Early Warning Trigger (MEWT) tool. There is still no consensus regarding which MEWS is superior, and different hospitals may require adjustments in MEWS parameters. The existing literatures suggested the potential benefit of MEWS and supported MEWS in clinical practice. Implementation and adoption of MEWS had been associated with reduced composite maternal morbidities and severe maternal morbidities. However, the optimal response for certain settings to improve maternal services after warning system has been activated is still lacking.