bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of Pathogens in Negative Blood Cultures in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Ter Soo Kai , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Roberts Tamalee , Sengduangphachanh Amphonesavanh , Sihalath Somsavanh , Panapruksachat Siribun , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Newton Paul N. , Simpson Andrew J. H. , Robinson Matthew T. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBloodstream infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality. However, despite clinical suspicion of such infections, blood cultures are often negative. We investigated blood cultures that were negative after 5 days of incubation for the presence of bacterial pathogens using specific (Rickettsia spp. and Leptospira spp.) and a broad-range 16S rRNA PCR. From 190 samples, 53 (27.9%) were positive for bacterial DNA. There was also a high background incidence of dengue (90/112 patient serum positive, 80.4%). Twelve samples (6.3%) were positive for Rickettsia spp., including two Rickettsia typhi. The 16S rRNA PCR gave 41 positives; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified in 11 and eight samples, respectively, and one Leptospira species was detected. Molecular investigation of negative blood cultures can identify potential pathogens that will otherwise be missed by routine culture. Patient management would have been influenced in all 53 patients for whom a bacterial organism was identified, and 2.3–6.1% of patients would likely have had an altered final outcome. These findings warrant further study, particularly to determine the cost–benefit for routine use, ways of implementation, and timing of PCR for organisms such as Rickettsia and Leptospira, which are important pathogens in rural Asia.
Memahami Penderitaan Dalam 1 Petrus 4:12-19 Dan Implikasinya Dengan Situasi Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Marthen Enjelia , DOMINGGUS DICKY 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak
Penderitaan merupakan sesuatu yang menjadi bagian dalam kehidupan manusia. Artinya semua orang pasti mengalami penderitaan. Penderitaan yang dimaksud bisa dalam berbagai macam seperti sakit penyakit, kesusahan ekonomi, diskriminasi, tekanan psikologi dan lainnya. Petrus menuliskan penderitaan di dalam teks 1 Petrus 4:12-19. Di dalam teks ini, Petrus sedang mendorong jemaat agar bertahan dalam penderitaan yang dialami. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan historikal gramatikal. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan penelitian teks 1 Petrus 4:12-19 untuk menemukan makna mula-mula penderitaan yang dimaksudkan oleh Petrus. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penderitaan yang dimaksudkan oleh Petrus merupakan penderitaan karena iman kepada Kristus. Dengan demikian, penting bagi orang percaya pada masa kini untuk dapat memahami penderitaan dengan benar sebagai sesuatu yang wajar dihadapi manusia dan berada dalam kedaulatan Allah.
USO HÍDRICO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN AGRÍCOLA DE LA PARROQUIA LODANA DEL CANTÓN SANTA ANA
Authors: Vélez Morales Lisbeth Melina , Fuentes Venegas Miguel Ángel , Moreira Álava María Fernanda , Lucio Villacreses Luis Fernando 
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo ha sido relacionado con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible 6 “Agua limpia y saneamiento. Garantizar la disponibilidad de agua y su gestión sostenible y el saneamiento para todos” con la finalidad de conocer el uso hídrico que se realiza en la producción agrícola de la parroquia Lodana, para el efecto se utilizaron el método deductivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo que nos permitió consolidar una encuesta aplicada a cincuenta agricultores de la zona. Entre los resultados más importantes encontramos que el 80.4% de la muestra encuestada cuenta con la disponibilidad de agua para la producción agrícola sin problema alguno, de los cuales el sistema de riego más utilizado es la aplicación de surcos y para llevar el agua a la finca se utilizan bombas de caudal, por otro lado, el 41% de los agricultores encuestados están dispuestos a la utilización de aguas grises en el riego de sus cultivos. También se tomó en cuenta el Objetivo de Desarrollo sostenible 8, meta 8 que indica “se lograrían niveles más altos de productividad para la economía de la población ya que la rentabilidad es inestable, mediante la capacitación de nuevas tecnologías de aprendizaje a los agricultores, de adaptación y prevención se verá mejorado el cultivo”, donde se determinó que la rentabilidad de la actividad agrícola es variable, ya que el 73% requiere realizar otras actividades laborales dentro y fuera de la parroquia para generar ingresos, debido a los costos de producción altos comparados con el costo de venta en el sector agrícola, lo mismo que impide a los agricultores desarrollar nuevas tecnologías de uso sostenible del agua.
PLANIFICACIÓN CONSCIENTE AL CLIMA APLICABLE EN EL DESARROLLO URBANO
Authors: Moran Choez Marlon Alexander , Moran Choez Joshua Leonardo , Marcillo Piguave Ronny Elver , Lucio Villacreses Luis Fernando 
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo muestra los avances que han tenido los países de Perú, Chile y Ecuador para el cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de la agenda 2030, y cuales han sido algunas de sus inversiones más representativas mostrando estos resultados de manera cualitativa. La metodología utilizada ha sido descriptiva y exploratoria. Para desarrollar este trabajo se revisaron fuentes oficiales. De las cuales se considera que actualmente Ecuador es autosuficiente en generación de energía eléctrica. La eficiencia y sustentabilidad del sector eléctrico se debe a las grandes inversiones realizadas en los segmentos de generación, transmisión y distribución, permitiendo duplicar la capacidad instalada de fuentes de energía renovable, de esta forma registrándose un 11,1% en 2014, llegando a 16,1% en 2017, en el caso de Chile ha desplegado una serie de acciones que permiten enfrentar de mejor manera el cambio climático, entre ellas, la Política Nacional para la Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres; el Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático y los planes de adaptación sectoriales ; la Contribución Determinada a nivel Nacional (NDS); el impulso a las fuentes de energías renovables no convencionales; entre otras medidas. Perú por su pate ha crecido económicamente, reducido la pobreza, es más consciente de su responsabilidad social y ambiental, pero le queda aún dar un salto cualitativo hacia el desarrollo. Para ello, el escenario global en el cual el Perú ha sido líder nos ha marcado el rumbo.
Las herramientas están disponibles, solo falta el compromiso integrado y solidario de todos.
Advising the Physician Assistant Applicant
Authors: Stull Deborah L. , Mercanti Bethann , Hershman Grace 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the roles and responsibilities of physician assistants (PAs) increase, so does interest in the profession among college and postbaccalaureate students. However, many students may not fully appreciate the steps they need to take to apply and be accepted into PA school, and some may even consider PA school as an “easier” path to medicine. This, in conjunction with the ever-expanding field of programs with different requirements and prerequisites, makes advising pre-PA students particularly challenging. Asking a few key questions, however, provides advisors the information they need to best help their students navigate applying to this complex but exciting career.
ON THE CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN THE NORMS OF MORALITY AND THE NORMS OF LAW IN MODERN RUSSIAN LEGISLATION IN GENERAL AND IN CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE LEGISLATION – IN PARTICULAR
Authors: Воробьев Н.Ф. , Невский В.В. 
Published: March 2021

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются проблемы отражения в нормах
уголовно-исполнительного права требований морали, раскрываются противо-
речия нормами морали и нормами права, на практических примерах обосновы-
вается необходимость нравственности законодательства. Авторы обраща-
ют внимание на приоритетность норм международного права в регулирова-
нии целого ряда общественных отношений, субъектом которых являются не-
совершеннолетние граждане.
В статье содержатся конкретные предложения по оптимизации россий-
ского законодательства по исправлению несовершеннолетних граждан.
Annotation. The article examines the problems of reflecting the requirements
of morality in the norms of criminal executive law, reveals the contradictions with
the norms of morality and the norms of law, substantiates the need for morality in legislation
on practical examples. The authors draw attention to the priority of international
law in the regulation of a number of social relations, the subject of which is minor
citizens.
The article contains specific proposals for optimizing Russian legislation on the correction
of underage citizens.
COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL LEGISLATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE STATE OF ISRAEL
Authors: Чагин И.Б. 
Published: March 2021

Аннотация. В статье на основе мультиметодологического подхода про-
ведено обширное эмпирическое исследование динамики роста временного и экс-
периментального законодательства, принятого Государственной Думой Фе-
дерального Собрания Российской Федерации. На основании данных, полученных
в результате эмпирического исследования произведено сравнение эксперимен-
тального законодательства, принятого в Российской Федерации и государстве
Израиль. Утверждается, что экспериментальное законодательство направ-
лено на снятие неопределенности и формирование объема информации, необ-
ходимого для принятия нормативных правовых актов постоянного действия.
Установлено, что как в государстве Израиль, так и в Российской Федера-
ции наблюдаются тенденции к увеличению количества временного и экспери-
ментального законодательства, при этом рост временного и эксперимен-
тального законодательства не может быть объяснен общим ростом законо-
дательства. В источниковую базу исследования были привлечены положения
действующего отечественного законодательства, а также доктринальные
труды по тематике, включая иноязычные.
Annotation. In the article, based on a multimethodological approach, an extensive empirical
study of the growth dynamics of temporary and experimental legislation adopted by
the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is carried out. Based on the
data obtained as a result of empirical research, a comparison was made between the experimental
legislation adopted in the Russian Federation and the State of Israel. It is argued that
the experimental legislation is aimed at removing uncertainty and forming the amount of information
necessary for the adoption of permanent normative legal acts.
It has been established that both in the State of Israel and in the Russian Federation
there are trends towards an increase in the number of temporary and experimental legislation,
while the growth of temporary and experimental legislation cannot be explained
by the general growth of legislation. The source base of the study was based on the provisions
of the current domestic legislation, as well as doctrinal works on the topic, including
foreign languages.
Observation of Wind-Loading Influences in Nonconcentric Radial Root Growth in Two Maple Species
Authors: Grabosky Jason 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 2010 and 2016,Acer saccharinumandAcer rubrumroots were harvested and processed into transverse serial sections to observe cross-sectional radial growth patterning in response to wind. Trees on the edge of a plantation and from interior positions were selected, and windward/leeward roots were targeted for a comparative assessment. While some observations were suggestive of a response to wind exposure, they were not definitive. Particularly in the windward versus leeward comparison within either edge or interior ground in terms of root size or radial growth pattern, there were no differences observed. In general, the loss of observed upward radial growth bias very closely coincided with the ending of the Zone of Rapid Taper in the architecture of the root plate.
Comparison of Tree Responses to Different Soil Treatments Under Concrete Pavement
Authors: Thomas Smiley E. , Urban James , Fite Kelby 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn urban areas there is a limited amount of soil space available for tree root growth. However, many systems have been developed that provide rooting space below pavement while supporting the weight of vehicles and pedestrians. Two main approaches have emerged: 1) supported pavement, and 2) structural growing media. This research was composed of two controlled studies that compare variations of these two approaches. The first was a 10-year study using elm trees that compared gravel-based structural soil (GBSS), expanded slate structural soil (ESSS), expanded slate (ES) alone, a concrete supported pavement and a compacted control. The second study was a four-year study usingLiriodendrontrees that compared GBSS, sand-based structural soil (SBSS), Silva Cells™, Stratacells™, an open control, and a compacted control. The results of these two studies showed that the trees growing in the supported pavement treatments with low-density soil media resulted in significantly greater tree growth and a healthier appearance. The treatments with the highly compacted soil media had less root development and less top growth. However, soil media that were highly compacted experienced less subsidence.
MOTIVASI PENGAMEN BERMAIN MUSIK DI KELOMPOK ANGKLUNG KRIDOTOMO YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rey Aldrin Amstrong 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami motivasi para pengamen bermain musik di kelompok musik angklung Kridotomo Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara. Wawancara digunakan untuk memperoleh pandangan serta jawaban informan tentang motivasi musik mereka. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa motivasi sebagai seniman merupakan motivasi penentu keberadaan para pemain dalam bermain musik di kelompok angklung Kridotomo.This research aims to understand the buskers’s motivation playing music in the Yogyakarta Kridotomo angklung music group. The method which was used in this research is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews. Interviews are used to obtain informan’s views and answers about their musical motivation. This study found that motivation as an artist is a determining motivation for the existence of the players in playing music in the Kridotomo angklung group.
MANGAJI: REINTERPRETASI SASTRA LISAN DALAM KOMPOSISI MUSIK
Authors: Dandes Surya 
Published: March 2021

Komposisi “Mangaji” merupakan bentuk pengkaryaan programa, yang dilatar belakangi oleh sastra lisan pasambahan Minangkabau sebagai ide penciptaan karya. Sastra lisan yang merupakan sajian yang selalu bersentuhan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Minangkabau digarap secara reinterpretasi oleh pengkarya dengan melihat aspek-aspek yang dimiliki sastra lisan, mampu menjadi penawaran baru dalam penggarapan komposisi musik. Penyusunan karya “Mangaji” menggunakan empat tahapan sampai karya menjadi rangkaian yang utuh, yaitu,: rangsangan awal, observasi dan pengumpulan data, eksplorasi, dan terakhir penyusunan hasil dari ekplorasi sebagai materi komposisi. Proses explorasi pada komposisi terdiri atas dua bentuk, yaitu pencocokan sumber dengan ide garap dan penyusunan materi dari hasil pencocokan sebelumnya, dengan menggunakan proses musikal. Proses ini meliputi menentukan tema, sub tema, penentuan aspek komposisi seperti dinamika, pengembangan motif dan penggarapan rasa pada setiap bagian. Komposisi “Mangaji” diharapkan menjadi alternatif, referensi, dan rujukan dalam penggarapan karya baru dalam ranah akademisi maupun dalam lingkup luas, sebagai manfaat yang edukatif dalam lingkup penciptaan musik baru.The composition of "Mangaji" is a form of program work, which is based on the Minangkabau post-added oral literature as the idea of creating works. Oral literature, which is a presentation that always touches the life of the Minangkabau people, is reinterpreted by the author by looking at the aspects of oral literature that can become a new offering in the cultivation of musical compositions. The creation of "Mangaji" uses four stages until the work becomes a complete series, they are: Initial Stimulation, Observation and Data Collection, Exploration, and finally composing the results of the exploration as material composition. The process of exploration in the composition consists of two forms, namely matching the source with the working idea and arranging the material from the previous matching results using the musical process. This process includes determining themes, sub themes, determining aspects of composition such as dynamics, developing motifs and cultivating tastes in each section. The composition of Mangaji is expected to be an alternative, reference, and recomendation in the cultivation of new works in the academic real or in a broad scope, as an educational benefit in the scope of new music creation..
Elemental and water-insoluble organic carbon in Svalbard snow: a synthesis of observations during 2007–2018
Authors: Zdanowicz Christian , Gallet Jean-Charles , Björkman Mats P. , Larose Catherine , Schuler Thomas , Luks Bartłomiej , Koziol Krystyna , Spolaor Andrea , Barbaro Elena , Martma Tõnu , van Pelt Ward , Wideqvist Ulla , Ström Johan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols emitted by biomass or fossil fuel
combustion can contribute to amplifying Arctic climate warming by lowering the albedo of snow. The Svalbard archipelago, being near to Europe and Russia,
is particularly affected by these pollutants, and improved knowledge of
their distribution in snow is needed to assess their impact. Here we present and synthesize new data obtained on Svalbard between 2007 and 2018,
comprising measurements of elemental (EC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) in snow from 37 separate sites. We used these data, combined with meteorological data and snowpack modeling, to investigate the variability of EC and WIOC deposition in Svalbard snow across latitude, longitude, elevation and time. Overall, EC concentrations (CsnowEC) ranged from
<1.0 to 266.6 ng g−1, while WIOC concentrations (CsnowWIOC) ranged from <1 to 9426 ng g−1, with the highest values observed near Ny-Ålesund. Calculated snowpack loadings (LsnowEC, LsnowWIOC) on glaciers surveyed in spring 2016 were 0.1 to 2.6 mg m−2 and 2 to 173 mg m−2, respectively. The median CsnowEC and the LsnowEC on those glaciers were close to or lower than those found in earlier (2007–2009), comparable surveys. Both LsnowEC and LsnowWIOC increased with elevation and snow accumulation, with dry deposition likely playing a minor role. Estimated area-averaged snowpack loads across Svalbard were 1.1 mg EC m−2 and 38.3 mg WIOC m−2 for the 2015–2016 winter. An ∼11-year long dataset of spring surface snow measurements from the central Brøgger Peninsula was used to quantify the interannual variability of EC and WIOC deposition in snow. In most years,
CsnowEC and CsnowWIOC at Ny-Ålesund (50 m a.s.l.) were 2–5 times higher than on the nearby Austre Brøggerbreen glacier (456 m a.s.l.), and the median EC/WIOC in Ny-Ålesund was 6 times higher, suggesting a possible influence of local EC emission from Ny-Ålesund. While no long-term trends between 2011 and 2018 were found, CsnowEC and CsnowWIOC showed synchronous variations at Ny-Ålesund and Austre Brøggerbreen. When compared with data from other circum-Arctic sites obtained by comparable methods, the median CsnowEC on Svalbard falls between that found in central Greenland (lowest) and those in continental sectors of European Arctic (northern Scandinavia, Russia and Siberia; highest), which is consistent with large-scale patterns of BC in snow reported by surveys based on other methods.
Police Operational Competence and Performance of Graduates of Regional Training Center
Authors: Laguyo Jimmy P. , Caelian Merlita V. 
Published: March 2021

Police operational competence and performance are parameters for police efficiency and effectiveness. An assessment of competence can help the organization achieve excellence in operations. Today, the country is facing more significant challenges in preserving peace and order. The country has to undergo internal changes and transformation that can only be attained through effective training programs. Hence, the paper assessed the level of operational competence and performance of graduates of RTC6 assigned in city police stations in Negros Occidental in the areas of traffic, patrol, and investigation operations assessed by their supervisors when graduates were taken as a whole and grouped according to rank, length of service, and city class. Likewise, the study sought to investigate the relationship between operational competence and performance.
UM ENSAIO SOBRE AS CONEXÕES ENTRE A FILOSOFIA DA LINGUAGEM ORDINÁRIA E PERSPECTIVAS DA ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO.
Authors: Pinto de Brito Rodrigo , Fortes Fábio 
Published: March 2021

Resumo:
Tomando por ponto de partida as filosofias de J. L. Austin e do segundo Wittgenstein, tentamos demonstrar como alguns dos seus conceitos ecoam sobre a análise do discurso. Para tal, primeiramente investigamos como estes filósofos erigiram seus conceitos, em seguida nos deteremos sobre o pano de fundo para a “virada linguística”, finalizando com as principais semelhanças entre suas abordagens e as abordagens propostas pela AD.
Palavras-chave:
Virada linguística; filosofia da linguagem ordinária; análise do discurso.
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU MELALUI BIMBINGAN BERKELANJUTAN DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN HARIAN DI TK NEGERI PEMBINA II KECAMATAN TUNGKAL ILIR
Authors: Waty Nila 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran melalui bimbingan berkelanjutan di sekolah tempat peneliti bekerja. Pada siklus pertama semua guru mencantumkan penilaian hasil belajar dalam RKH-nya meskipun sub-sub komponennya (teknik, bentuk instrumen), dan pedoman penskoran. Jika dipersentasekan, 62,50%. satu orang mendapat skor 2 (cukup baik), dan satu orang mendapat skor 3 (baik). Pada siklus kedua semua guru tersebut mencantumkan penilaian hasil belajar dalam RKH-nya meskipun ada guru yang masih keliru dalam menentukan teknik dan bentuk penilaiannya. Satu orang mendapat skor 3 (baik) dan satu orang mendapat skor 4 (sangat baik). Jika dipersentasekan, 87,50%, terjadi peningkatan 12,50% dari siklus I. Oleh karen itu dari penelitian ini di harapkan perlu adanya pembinaan kepada guru dalam penyusunan RKH, RKM dan perangkat administrasi pembelajaran lainnya. Sehingga dengan adanya pembinaan tersebut guru-guru semakin lebih kompeten dalam menyusun administrasi pembelajarannya.
Art. 81 Wet RO: de stand van zaken
Authors: van Malssen Tom , van Schaijk Coen 
Published: March 2021

Art. 81 Wet RO: de stand van zaken
Deze bijdrage brengt de huidige art. 81 Wet RO-toepassingspraktijk van de civiele kamer van de Hoge Raad in kaart, mede tegen de achtergrond van de invoering van art. 80a Wet RO en de gespecialiseerde cassatiebalie in 2012. De bijdrage signaleert enkele verschuivingen in het type 81-zaken, de wijze waarop het parket in 81-zaken concludeert en de samenstelling waarin de Hoge Raad de zaken afdoet. Deels laten deze verschuivingen zich op het conto schrijven van de Wet versterking cassatierechtspraak, maar deels zouden zij hun oorzaak ook elders kunnen vinden, bijvoorbeeld in de zelfverklaarde focus van de Hoge Raad op rechtsvorming.