bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of the VACS Index With Hospitalization Among People With HIV in the NA-ACCORD
Authors: Qian Yuhang , Moore Richard D. , Coburn Sally B. , Davy-Mendez Thibaut , Akgün Kathleen M. , McGinnis Kathleen A. , Silverberg Michael J. , Colasanti Jonathan A. , Cachay Edward R. , Horberg Michael A. , Rabkin Charles S. , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Gill M. John , Mayor Angel M. , Kirk Gregory D. , Gebo Kelly A. , Nijhawan Ank E. , Althoff Keri N. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
People with HIV (PWH) have a higher hospitalization rate than the general population. The Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index at study entry well predicts hospitalization in PWH, but it is unknown if the time-updated parameter improves hospitalization prediction. We assessed the association of parameterizations of the VACS Index 2.0 with the 5-year risk of hospitalization.

Setting:
PWH ≥30 years old with at least 12 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and contributing hospitalization data from 2000 to 2016 in North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) were included. Three parameterizations of the VACS Index 2.0 were assessed and categorized by quartile: (1) “baseline” measurement at study entry; (2) time-updated measurements; and (3) cumulative scores calculated using the trapezoidal rule.

Methods:
Discrete-time proportional hazard models estimated the crude and adjusted associations (and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of the VACS Index parameterizations and all-cause hospitalizations. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) assessed the model fit with each of the VACS Index parameters.

Results:
Among 7289 patients, 1537 were hospitalized. Time-updated VACS Index fitted hospitalization best with a more distinct dose–response relationship [score <43: reference; score 43–55: aHR = 1.93 (95% CI: 1.66 to 2.23); score 55–68: aHR = 3.63 (95% CI: 3.12 to 4.23); score ≥68: aHR = 9.98 (95% CI: 8.52 to 11.69)] than study entry and cumulative VACS Index after adjusting for known risk factors.

Conclusions:
Time-updated VACS Index 2.0 had the strongest association with hospitalization and best fit to the data. Health care providers should consider using it when assessing hospitalization risk among PWH.
The Pandemic Brain: neuroinflammation in healthy, non-infected individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Brusaferri Ludovica , Alshelh Zeynab , Martins Daniel , Kim Minhae , Weerasekera Akila , Housman Hope , Morrisey Erin J. , Knight Paulina C. , Castro-Blanco Kelly A. , Albrecht Daniel S. , Tseng Chieh-En , Zürcher Nicole R. , Ratai Eva-Maria , Johnson-Akeju Oluwaseun , Mercaldo Nathaniel D. , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Veronese Mattia , Turkheimer Federico , Rosen Bruce R. , Hooker Jacob M. , Loggia Marco L. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 on human health extends beyond the morbidity and death toll directly caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In fact, accumulating evidence indicates a global increase in the incidence of fatigue, brain fog and depression, including among non-infected, since the pandemic onset. Motivated by previous evidence linking those symptoms to neuroimmune activation in other pathological contexts, we hypothesized that subjects examined after the enforcement of lockdown/stay-at-home measures would demonstrate increased neuroinflammation.MethodsWe performed simultaneous brain Positron Emission Tomography / Magnetic Resonance Imaging in healthy volunteers either before (n=57) or after (n=15) the 2020 Massachusetts lockdown, using [11C]PBR28, a radioligand for the glial marker 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). First, we compared [11C]PBR28 signal across pre- and post-lockdown cohorts. Then, we evaluated the link between neuroinflammatory signals and scores on a questionnaire assessing mental and physical impacts of the pandemic. Further, we investigated multivariate associations between the spatial pattern of [11C]PBR28 post-lockdown changes and constitutive brain gene expression in post-mortem brains (Allen Human Brain Atlas). Finally, in a subset (n=13 pre-lockdown; n=11 post-lockdown), we also used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify brain (thalamic) levels of myoinositol (mIns), another neuroinflammatory marker.FindingsBoth [11C]PBR28 and mIns signals were overall stable pre-lockdown, but markedly elevated after lockdown, including within brain regions previously implicated in stress, depression and “sickness behaviors”. Moreover, amongst the post-lockdown cohort, subjects endorsing higher symptom burden showed higher [11C]PBR28 PET signal compared to those reporting little/no symptoms. Finally, the post-lockdown [11C]PBR28 signal changes were spatially aligned with the constitutive expression of several genes highly expressed in glial/immune cells and/or involved in neuroimmune signaling.InterpretationOur results suggest that pandemic-related stressors may have induced sterile neuroinflammation in healthy individuals that were not infected with SARS-CoV-2. This work highlights the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-related lifestyle disruptions on human brain health.FundingR01-NS094306-01A1, R01-NS095937-01A1, R01-DA047088-01, The Landreth Family Foundation.
Caspase-4/11 exacerbates disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection by promoting inflammation and thrombosis
Authors: Eltobgy Mostafa , Zani Ashley , Kenney Adam D. , Estfanous Shady , Kim Eunsoo , Badr Asmaa , Carafice Cierra , Daily Kylene , Whitham Owen , Pietrzak Maciej , Webb Amy , Kawahara Jeffrey , Eddy Adrian C. , Denz Parker , Lu Mijia , Mahesh KC , Peeples Mark E. , Li Jianrong , Zhu Jian , Que Jianwen , Robinson Richard , Mejia Oscar Rosas , Rayner Rachael E. , Hall-Stoodley Luanne , Seveau Stephanie , Gavrilin Mikhail A. , Tedeschi Andrea , Partida-Sanchez Santiago , Roberto Frank , Hemann Emily A. , Abdelrazik Eman , Forero Adriana , Nimjee Shahid M. , Boyaka Prosper , Cormet-Boyaka Estelle , Yount Jacob S. , Amer Amal O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide health concern, and new treatment strategies are needed1. Targeting inflammatory innate immunity pathways holds therapeutic promise, but effective molecular targets remain elusive. Here, we show that human caspase-4 (CASP4), and its mouse homologue, caspase-11 (CASP11), are upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infections, and thatCASP4expression correlates with severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. SARS-CoV-2-infectedCasp11-/-mice were protected from severe weight loss and lung pathology, including blood vessel damage, compared to wild-type (WT) and gasdermin-D knock out (Gsdmd-/-)mice. GSDMD is a downstream effector of CASP11 and CASP1. Notably, viral titers were similar in the three genotypes. Global transcriptomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected WT,Casp11-/-andGsdmd-/-lungs identified restrained expression of inflammatory molecules and altered neutrophil gene signatures inCasp11-/-mice. We confirmed that protein levels of inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL6, and CXCL1, and neutrophil functions, were reduced inCasp11-/-lungs. Additionally,Casp11-/-lungs accumulated less von Willebrand factor, a marker for endothelial damage, but expressed more Kruppel-Like Factor 2, a transcription factor that maintains vascular integrity. Overall, our results demonstrate that CASP4/11, promotes detrimental SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammation and coagulopathy, largely independently of GSDMD, identifying CASP4/11 as a promising drug target for treatment and prevention of severe COVID-19.
Household Density and Influences from Family and Friends Shape Vaccine Intent Among Latino Families in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Wojcicki Janet M , Escobar Milagro , Mendez Andrea DeCastro , Martinez Suzanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLatino have had higher case counts, hospitalization rates and deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic nationally and in the state of California. Meanwhile, Latino vaccination rates remain lower than those of non-Hispanic Whites. COVID-19 vaccine nonintent, defined as intent not to vaccinate for COVID-19, among Latino individuals continues to be an issue in the state of California.MethodsFamilies from three Latino longitudinal mother child cohorts previously recruited in the San Francisco Bay Area were surveyed telephonically from February to July 2021 to assess attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and prior vaccination, in general, for themselves and their children. Risk for vaccine nonintent was assessed using Mann-Whitney rank sum non-parametric test for continuous predictors and chi-squared tests for categorical ones.ResultsThree hundred and eighteen families were surveyed from the Telomere at Birth (TAB), Hispanic Eating and Nutrition (HEN) and Latino Eating and Diabetes Cohort (LEAD). Approximately 36% from TAB and 28% from HEN/LEAD indicated COVID-19 vaccine nonintent for themselves and/or their children. Risk factors for vaccine nonintent included lower maternal age (p=0.01), concern about vaccine side effects (p<0.01) and prior history of a household members being infected with COVID-19 (p<0.01) and indexes of household crowding including number of people sharing a bathroom (p=0.048). Vaccine intent was also associated with receiving vaccine input from friends (p=0.03), family (p<0.01) and/or coworkers (p=0.02) compared with those who were not planning on getting COVID-19 vaccination. It is possible that those with non-intent have received limited input from families, friends and/or coworkers.DiscussionLatino families living in crowded living situations who may not have received any COVID-19 advice family, coworkers or friends are at particular risk for COVID-19 vaccine nonintent. Community based grassroots interventions that focus on trusted individuals with close ties to the community counseling about COVID-19 vaccination could help to boost vaccination rates in this population group.
Racial and ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality within Texas carceral settings
Authors: Marquez Neal , Moreno Destiny , Klonsky Amanda , Dolovich Sharon 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTSeveral analyses have highlighted racial and ethnic disparities related to COVID-19 health outcomes across the United States. Less focus has been placed on more localized contexts, such as carceral settings, where racial and ethnic inequities in COVID-19 health outcomes also exist, but the proximal drivers of inequality are different. In this study, we analyzed mortality rates among incarcerated people in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) to assess racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality. We obtained monthly demographic and mortality information of the TDCJ population from April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2021 from TDCJ monthly reports and open record requests filed by the Texas Justice Initiative. We estimated the risk of COVID-19 mortality for the Hispanic and Black population relative to the White population using a Bayesian regression framework, adjusting for sex and age. In the first 12 months of the pandemic, Hispanic and Black all-cause mortality rates were higher than that of the White population, reversing the pattern observed the 12 months prior. Adjusted risk of COVID-19 mortality relative to the White population was 1.96 (CI 1.32–2.93) for the Hispanic population and 1.66 (CI 1.10–2.52) for the Black population. We find that COVID-19 mortality has disproportionately impacted Hispanic and Black individuals within the TDCJ population. As the proximal mechanisms which drive these inequalities are likely different than those which lead to racial inequalities in the non-incarcerated populations, future studies should look to assess and address the specific drivers of COVID-19 related disparities in carceral settings.
Rotating co-flow jets with horizontal lip and shape transition
Authors: S.A. Dawn Pradeeb , Thanigaiarasu Subramanian , Premanand Nagarajakrishnan 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Control over large-scale coherent structures and stream-wise vortices lead to enhanced entrainment/conservation of the jet which is desirable for most free jet applications such as design of combustion chamber in jet engines and flame length elongation of welding torch used for metal cutting.

Design/methodology/approach
A co-flow nozzle with lip thickness of 2 mm, between the primary (inner) and secondary (outer) flow, is selected. Three nozzle combinations are used, i.e. C–C (circle–circle), C–E (circle–ellipse) and C–S (circle–square) for acquiring comparative data. For these nozzle combinations, inner nozzle exit plane is kept as a circle, whereas the outer nozzle exit planes are varied to circle, ellipse and square. The exit plane area of outer nozzle for the nozzle combinations has equivalent diameter, De. The nozzles are fabricated in a way that the outer nozzle can be rotated along the longitudinal axis, keeping the inner nozzle intact.

Findings
The C–C nozzle combination is effective in low Mach number regime in decaying the jet, when the rotational component is introduced. Around 30% reduction in the jet core length is observed for the C–C nozzle combinations without any lip. The C–E nozzle shows sedative result in decaying or preserving the jet. The C–S nozzle combination shows interesting phenomenon, whereby the low subsonic case tends to conserve the jet by 15% and the higher subsonic case tends to decay the jet by 10%.

Originality/value
The developed nozzle systems show both conservative and destructive effect on the jet, which is desirable for the mentioned applications.
Topological derivatives via one-sided derivative of parametrized minima and minimax
Authors: Delfour Michel C. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe object of the paper is to illustrate how to obtain the topological derivative as a semidifferential in a general and practical mathematical setting for d-dimensional perturbations of a bounded open domain in the n-dimensional Euclidean space.Design/methodology/approachThe underlying methodology uses mathematical notions and powerful tools with ready to check assumptions and ready to use formulas via theorems on the one-sided derivative of parametrized minima and minimax.FindingsThe theory and the examples indicate that the methodology applies to a wide range of problems: (1) compliance and (2) state constrained objective functions where the coupled state/adjoint state equations appear without a posteriori substitution of the adjoint state.Research limitations/implicationsDirect approach that considerably simplifies the analysis and computations.Originality/valueIt was known that the shape derivative was a differential. But the topological derivative is only a semidifferential, that is, a one-sided directional derivative, which is not linear with respect to the direction, and the directions are d-dimensional bounded measures.
The current quality criteria of MRI reports distributed to healthcare stakeholders in Jordan
Authors: Ayasrah Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Many international radiology societies, including American College of Radiologists (ACR), have established guidelines for optimum forms and contents of medical imaging reports to ensure high quality and to guarantee the satisfaction of both the referring physician and the patient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the criteria of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports in Jordan according to the standards of the ACR.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study was conducted in early January 2021 for two weeks. An invitation letter was sent to 85 MRI centers of various health-care sectors in Jordan to participate in the study. Each invitee was requested to send at least ten different MRI reports. The study used a questionnaire containing the checklist of the latest edition 2020 of ACR’s practice parameter to communicate the diagnostic imaging results and the demographic information of the participating MRI centers. Seven basic elements were assessed for content-related quality of MRI reports, which are administrative data, patient demographics, clinical history, imaging procedures, clinical symptoms, imaging observations and impressions. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate the data.

Findings
Forty-one MRI centers participated in the study with 386 different MRI exam reports. The majority (92%) of the reports were computer-generated. Free texted unstructured reports and head-structured reports had an almost equal percentage of around 40%. Exam and radiologist demography as well as exam findings criteria were 100% available in all reports. The percentage of exam conclusion, and exam description and techniques were 2% and 4.9%, respectively (N = 368). There was a positive association between computer-generated reports and the presence of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)/health information systems r = 0.443.

Originality/value
Structured and free text unstructured reporting were the common types of MRI exam reports in Jordan. Handwriting exam reporting existed in few MRI centers, particularly in those that had no PACS and radiology information systems.
Expected competencies of construction project managers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyo Tirivavi , Chigara Benviolent 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Increased construction risk due to the complexity and numerous construction performance challenges requires improved construction project managers’ competence. However, contextual interrogation of these competencies is limited. This paper aims to report on a study that sought to determine the expected competencies of construction project managers and assesses the existence of statistically significant differences due to gender, designation and educational levels of respondents.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research design was instituted through the administration of a questionnaire survey on Project Managers, Architects, Engineers and Quantity surveyors working for consultants and contractors’ organizations. Descriptive and inferential statistics analysed significant differences due to demographic variables. Factor analysis was also used to reveal interrelated significant sets of competencies expected of construction project managers.

Findings
Factor analysis determined 11 significant components with the highest-ranked components comprising organizational savvy and experience in managing project constraints. The univariate analysis determining effective communication, leadership and good team-building skills as being the three most critical expected competencies. Significant differences due to educational levels were established, with shortcomings existing in those with Diplomas.

Research limitations/implications
The higher education institutions need to establish curricula designs that align with the competency expectations. Mentorship programmes within construction organizations can also be significant in bridging the existing competence gap. However, due to the exploratory nature of the study, the insights of clients were not considered.

Originality/value
The study determined competencies for construction project managers and demographic-specific interventions.
A review and compilation of critical success factors for the implementation of maintenance at Nigerian public universities
Authors: Yusuf Mahmood , Yusuf Mahmood , Abdullah Mohd Asmoni Mat Naim 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the existing literature on critical success factors (CSFs) for maintenance implementation in Nigerian universities and compile them in a single format to determine if gaps may exist.

Design/methodology/approach
Many relevant articles were searched using keywords extracted from a preliminary literature review. The second round of articles abstract study resulted in 40 articles been selected for this compilation. Inductive coding technique and content analysis methodology were used to identify the constructs of the CSFs. Subsequently, a critical analysis of the reviewed literature identified some gaps in the literature studied.

Findings
This literature review reveals that lack of maintenance policy, maintenance culture, shortage of building facilities and overpopulation in Nigerian universities are the major problems affecting maintenance implementation success. Additionally, most researchers concentrate on the identification of CSFs without providing the strategies for implementing them.

Research limitations/implications
More in-depth research must be carried out on the study of CSFs to implement maintenance policy and culture in Nigerian universities. Duplication in the frequency analysis of the success factors is a significant limitation in this research work and is attributed to the secondary search used as the primary methodology for many articles cited.

Originality/value
This paper provides an in-depth compilation and analysis of all previously identified success factors for maintenance implementation in Nigerian universities using a structured methodological approach.
Compromise pricing in luxury
Authors: Parguel Béatrice , Fraccaro Annalisa , Macé Sandrine 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Going beyond odd and even prices, this paper aims to explore the rationale behind the widespread practice of setting prices ending in “50” or “80” in the luxury industry. The authors argue that when they set such prices, managers agree to reduce their profit margin to limit the anticipated guilt luxury consumers associate with luxury shopping while also protecting their brand luxury. The authors label these prices compromise prices and formally define compromise pricing as the practice of choosing a price’s ending so that the price falls below (but not just below) a round number to boost sales without damaging brand luxury.

Design/methodology/approach
Following the observation of the overrepresentation of prices ending in “50” and “80” in the luxury clothing category, an experiment explores the impact of compromise prices on anticipated guilt and brand luxury in the luxury watch category. Then, to identify when luxury pricing managers typically favor compromise prices, multinomial regressions investigate prices collected on two online luxury fashion retailers for the luxury clothing and handbag categories.

Findings
Compromise prices reduce the anticipated guilt luxury consumers associate with luxury shopping compared with even prices while enhancing brand luxury compared with odd prices and interestingly, with even prices also. This finding gives rationale to luxury managers’ preference for compromise prices in the ninth hundred (i.e. €X950, €X980), especially for higher-priced products, i.e. when the potential for price underestimation and/or the risk of damaging brand luxury are more important.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the field of luxury pricing by providing evidence to an original price-ending practice, coined compromise pricing, which consists in agreeing to a slight reduction in prices and unit margin to protect brand luxury.
Evaluating the benefits of inclusive community singing towards well-being: narratives of diverse community members attending an inclusive singing group
Authors: Nyashanu Mathew , Pfende Farai , Osborne John 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the benefits of an inclusive community singing group towards well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used an exploratory qualitative study (EQS) approach. Semi-structured questions were devised and used to elicit participants’ experiences on the impact of an inclusive community singing group towards well-being. A thematic approach underpinned by the four phases of The Silences Framework was used to analyse the data.

Findings
This study found the following benefits of an inclusive community singing group towards well-being Connecting with others, Physical improvement, Learning new skills, Giving to others and Mindfulness.

Originality/value
This study concluded that inclusive community singing plays a pivotal role in enhancing the health and well-being of communities.