bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrase Inhibitor Prescribing Disparities in the DC and Johns Hopkins HIV Cohorts
Authors: Monroe Anne K , Levy Matthew E , Greenberg Alan E , Keruly Jeanne C , Moore Richard D , Horberg Michael A , Kulie Paige , Mohanraj Bernadine S , Kumar Princy N , Castel Amanda D ,   DC Cohort Executive Committee, D’Angelo Lawrence , Rakhmanina Natella , Kharfen Michael , Serlin Michael , Kumar Princy , Bamdad Aria , Bezabeh Tsedenia , Reamer Susan , Sapozhnikova Alla , Temprosa Marinella , Younes Naji , Liu Jinxi , Xiao Kevin , Byrne Morgan , Castel Amanda , Greenberg Alan , Jaurretche Maria , Levy Matthew , Monroe Anne , Peterson James , Happ Lindsey Powers , Wilbourn Brittany , Ma Yan , Akselrod Hana , Wilcox Ronald , Rana Sohail , Horberg Michael , Fernandez Ricardo , Hebou Annick , Dieffenbach Carl , Masur Henry , Bordon Jose , Teferi Gebeyehu , Benator Debra , Ruiz Maria Elena , Abbott Stephen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) are recommended by expert panels as initial therapy for people with HIV. Because there can be disparities in prescribing and uptake of novel and/or recommended therapies, this analysis assessed potential INSTI prescribing disparities using a combined data set from the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort and the DC Cohort. We performed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with ever being prescribed an INSTI. Disparities were noted, including clinic location, age, and being transgender. Identifying disparities may allow clinicians to focus their attention on these individuals and ensure that therapy decisions are grounded in valid clinical reasons.
Acute Hepatitis A Viral Infection in People With HIV With Previously Documented Hepatitis A Immunity or Appropriate Vaccination: A Case Series
Authors: McLaughlin Stephanie E , Simmons Jason D , Armstrong Hilary , Gonzales Elysia , Rakita Robert M , Duchin Jeffrey S , Patel Rena C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We describe 4 people with HIV (PWH) who acquired acute hepatitis A (HAV) infection during recent King County, Washington, outbreaks despite documented immunity and/or vaccination. HAV revaccination may be needed in PWH with risk factors for HAV infection regardless of preexisting immunity.
SARS-CoV-2 Cumulative Incidence and Period Seroprevalence: Results From a Statewide Population-Based Serosurvey in California
Authors: Lamba Katherine , Bradley Heather , Shioda Kayoko , Sullivan Patrick S , Luisi Nicole , Hall Eric W , Mehrotra Megha L , Lim Esther , Jain Seema , Kamali Amanda , Sanchez Travis , Lopman Benjamin A , Fahimi Mansour , Siegler Aaron J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCalifornia has reported the largest number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases of any US state, with more than 3.5 million confirmed as of March 2021. However, the full breadth of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in California is unknown as reported cases only represent a fraction of all infections.MethodsWe conducted a population-based serosurvey, utilizing mailed, home-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing along with a demographic and behavioral survey. We weighted data from a random sample to represent the adult California population and estimated period seroprevalence overall and by participant characteristics. Seroprevalence estimates were adjusted for waning antibodies to produce statewide estimates of cumulative incidence, the infection fatality ratio (IFR), and the reported fraction.ResultsCalifornia’s SARS-CoV-2 weighted seroprevalence during August–December 2020 was 4.6% (95% CI, 2.8%–7.4%). Estimated cumulative incidence as of November 2, 2020, was 8.7% (95% CrI, 6.4%–11.5%), indicating that 2 660 441 adults (95% CrI, 1 959 218–3 532 380) had been infected. The estimated IFR was 0.8% (95% CrI, 0.6%–1.0%), and the estimated percentage of infections reported to the California Department of Public Health was 31%. Disparately high risk for infection was observed among persons of Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity and people with no health insurance and who reported working outside the home.ConclusionsWe present the first statewide SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence estimate among adults in California. As of November 2020, ~1 in 3 SARS-CoV-2 infections in California adults had been identified by public health surveillance. When accounting for unreported SARS-CoV-2 infections, disparities by race/ethnicity seen in case-based surveillance persist.
The extreme space weather events in October 1788
Authors: Hattori Kentaro , Hayakawa Hisashi , Ebihara Yusuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolar eruptions launch interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and cause geomagnetic storms and equatorial extension of the auroral oval. Their rare and unique nature has made analyses of historical events extremely important to increase their data availability. In this study, we analyzed the space weather event of 1788 October, which was characterized with simultaneous auroral observations. We extended archival surveys and confirmed the auroral visibilities down to Barcelona (46.0° MLAT) on October 21/22 as well as Mizuhara (27.5° MLAT) and Rome (44.8° MLAT) on October 22/23. The end of auroral reports overlapped with a reported declination disturbance at Mannheim, indicating a ΔD amplitude of ≥1.15°. Two positive excursions of ΔD were recorded, lasting for several tens of minutes. Upward field-aligned currents could have flowed poleward of Mannheim associated with substorms. We identified the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval down to 46.5° ILAT in the European sector and approximately ≤41.6° ILAT in the Japanese sector. This is compared with the reported equatorial auroral boundaries during extreme storms. The long storm sequence indicates the arrival of multiple ICMEs, thereby enhancing solar activity at that time. This sequence is indeed contextualized immediately after the maximum of Solar Cycle 4. Because sunspot observations are extremely scarce around 1788, it is challenging to identify the source active region. This in turn makes these auroral records valuable for the analyses of long-term solar activity before the onset of the Dalton Minimum.
Potential metabolic mechanisms for inhibited chloroplast nitrogen assimilation under high CO2
Authors: Zhao Hong-Long , Chang Tian-Gen , Xiao Yi , Zhu Xin-Guang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImproving photosynthesis is considered a major and feasible option to dramatically increase crop yield potential. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration often stimulates both photosynthesis and crop yield, but decreases protein content in the main C3 cereal crops. This decreased protein content in crops constrains the benefits of elevated CO2 on crop yield and affects their nutritional value for humans. To support studies of photosynthetic nitrogen assimilation and its complex interaction with photosynthetic carbon metabolism for crop improvement, we developed a dynamic systems model of plant primary metabolism, which includes the Calvin–Benson cycle, the photorespiration pathway, starch synthesis, glycolysis–gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and chloroplastic nitrogen assimilation. This model successfully captures responses of net photosynthetic CO2 uptake rate (A), respiration rate, and nitrogen assimilation rate to different irradiance and CO2 levels. We then used this model to predict inhibition of nitrogen assimilation under elevated CO2. The potential mechanisms underlying inhibited nitrogen assimilation under elevated CO2 were further explored with this model. Simulations suggest that enhancing the supply of α-ketoglutarate is a potential strategy to maintain high rates of nitrogen assimilation under elevated CO2. This model can be used as a heuristic tool to support research on interactions between photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen assimilation. It also provides a basic framework to support the design and engineering of C3 plant primary metabolism for enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen assimilation in the coming high-CO2 world.
Gradient flow exact renormalization group: Inclusion of fermion fields
Authors: Miyakawa Yuki , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The gradient flow exact renormalization group (GFERG) is an exact renormalization group motivated by the Yang--Mills gradient flow and its salient feature is a manifest gauge invariance. We generalize this GFERG, originally formulated for the pure Yang--Mills theory, to vector-like gauge theories containing fermion fields, keeping the manifest gauge invariance. For the chiral symmetry we have two options: one possible formulation preserves the conventional form of the chiral symmetry and the other simpler formulation realizes the chiral symmetry in a modified form à la Ginsparg--Wilson. We work out a gauge-invariant local Wilson action in quantum electrodynamics to the lowest nontrivial order of perturbation theory. This Wilson action reproduces the correct axial anomaly in $D=2$.
Phase 3 Trials of Enhanced Versus Usual Care Physical Therapy for Patients at Risk of Poor Outcome Following Knee Arthroplasty: A Perspective on Meaning and a Way Forward
Authors: Riddle Daniel L , Hamilton David F , Dumenci Levent , Beard David J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Physical therapy is routinely delivered to patients after discharge from the hospital following knee arthroplasty. Posthospitalization physical therapy is thought to be beneficial, particularly for those patients most at risk of poor outcome, the subgroup with persistent function-limiting pain, despite an apparently successful surgery. Research teams have undertaken 3 large-scale multicenter Phase 3 randomized clinical trials designed specifically for patients at risk of poor outcome following knee arthroplasty. All 3 trials screened for poor outcome risk using different methods and investigated different physical therapist interventions delivered in different ways. Despite the variety of types of physical therapy and mode of delivery, all trials found no effects of the enhanced treatment compared with usual care. In all cases, usual care required a lower dosage of physical therapy compared with the enhanced interventions. This Perspective compares and contrasts the 3 trials, speculates on factors that could explain the no-effect findings, and proposes areas for future study designed to benefit the poor outcome phenotype.
Poor Recovery of Activities-of-Daily-Living Function Is Associated With Higher Rates of Postsurgical Hospitalization After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Falvey Jason , Bade Michael J , Forster Jeri E , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
Medicare beneficiaries are increasingly using home health (HH) as the first postacute care setting after hospital discharge following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Yet, prior research has shown that changes in payment models for TJA may negatively influence functional outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of poor functional outcomes during an HH episode of care on hospitalization risk for older recipients of TJA.

Methods
For this study, 5822 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent elective TJA and subsequently participated in HH care following hospital discharge were identified using Medicare hospitalizations records and HH claims. Recovery of activities-of-daily-living (ADL) function was evaluated using patient assessment data completed at HH admission and discharge from the Medicare Outcomes and Assessment Information Set (OASIS). Hospitalization outcomes were captured from Medicare hospital claims. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the hazard ratio for hospitalization after HH discharge.

Results
The 5822 Medicare beneficiaries who received a TJA and subsequently were discharged to HH were evaluated (n = 3989 [68.6%] following total knee replacement, n = 1883 [31.4%]) following total hip replacement). Nearly 9% (n = 534) of patients did not improve their ability to perform ADLs during the HH episode; this lack of improvement was associated with a more than 2-fold increase in hospital readmission rate following HH discharge (2.3% vs 4.9%). In adjusted models, there was a significant 77% increase (hazard ratio = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.14–2.74) in hospitalization risk during the 90-day postsurgical period.

Conclusion
Poor recovery of ADL function in HH settings following TJA is strongly associated with elevated risk of future hospitalizations.

Impact
Medicare beneficiaries who fail to make substantive improvements in basic ADL function during HH care episodes following TJA may need intensive monitoring from interdisciplinary team members across the continuum of care, especially during transitions from home care to outpatient care.

Lay Summary
An increasing number of patients receive home health care after joint replacement surgery, but outcomes after home health are unclear. These findings suggest that improvements in basic tasks such as walking or bathing are associated with a lower likelihood of hospitalization.
How do clinical and socioeconomic factors impact on work disability in early axial spondyloarthritis? Five-year data from the DESIR cohort
Authors: Nikiphorou Elena , Boonen Annelies , Fautrel Bruno , Richette Pascal , Landewé Robert , van der Heijde Désirée , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the impact of clinical and socioeconomic factors on work disability (WD) in early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
Patients from the DESIR cohort with a clinical diagnosis of axSpA were studied over 5 years. Time to WD and potential baseline and time-varying predictors were explored, with a focus on socioeconomic (including ethnicity, education, job-type, marital/parental status) and clinical (including disease activity, function, mobility) factors. Univariable analyses, collinearity and interaction tests guided subsequent multivariable time-varying Cox survival analyses.

Results
From 704 patients eligible for this study, the estimated incidence of WD among those identified as at risk (n = 663, 94%), and across the five years of DESIR, was 0.05 (95% CI 0.03, 0.06) per 1000 person-days. Significant differences in baseline socioeconomic factors, including lower educational status and clinical measures, including worse disease activity, were seen in patients developing WD over follow-up, compared with those who never did. In the main multivariable model, educational status was no longer predictive of WD, whereas the AS disease activity score (ASDAS) and the BASFI were significantly and independently associated with a higher hazard of WD [HR (95%CI) 1.79 (1.27, 2.54) and 1.42 (1.22, 1.65), respectively].

Conclusion
WD was an infrequent event in this early axSpA cohort. Nevertheless, clinical factors were among the strongest predictors of WD, over socioeconomic factors, with worse disease activity and function independently associated with a higher hazard of WD. Disease severity remains a strong predictor of adverse work outcome even in early disease, despite substantial advances in therapeutic strategies in axSpA.
Methomyl-induced nephrotoxicity and protective effect of curcumin in male rats
Authors: Aslanturk Ayse , Kalender Yusuf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigated the ameliorative effect of the curcumin against methomyl-induced potential nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino male rats. In the present study, curcumin (100 mg kg−1 bw), methomyl (0,8 mg kg−1 bw) and methomyl plus curcumin were given to rats by oral for 28 days (for subacute examination). Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine in serum and malondialdehyde level and activities of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S transferase) and histopathological alterations in kidney tissues were studied. Methomyl caused an increment in the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and MDA levels. In addition, methomyl caused a diminution in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S transferase. Tubular and glomerular degenerations occurred in the kidney tissues of methomyl-received rats. However, coadministration of curcumin with methomyl significantly minimized the adverse effects of methomyl on kidney function parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities and histological structure of kidney tissue. The results showed that curcumin significantly mitigated methomyl-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Symptom experience during the late reproductive stage and the menopausal transition: observations from the Women Living Better survey
Authors: Coslov Nina , Richardson Marcie K. , Woods Nancy Fugate 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of a variety of symptoms, their frequency, bother, burden, and interference in the lives of women in the late reproductive stage (LRS) and compare their experiences to that of women in the menopausal transition (MT) stage.

Methods:
Women ages 35 to 55 years responded to an 82-question online survey offered by Women Living Better. Participants reported current menstrual patterns, recent changes and symptom frequency, bother, and interference. Women's cycles were classified as LRS or MT using Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop +10 criteria.

Results:
Of 2,406 respondents, 946 met criteria for LRS and 583 for MT. Participants included 30% from outside the United States, 31% from diverse racial/ethnic groups, and 18% reported having difficulty paying for basics. A similar proportion of women in the LRS and MT+ groups reported each of the symptoms: there was a less than 10% difference for 54 of the 61 symptoms. Of mean bother ratings for all symptoms, only hot flashes differed significantly between the LRS and MT groups. LRS women experienced similar levels of symptom-related interference with personal relationships and daily living to those in the MT stage but did not anticipate these symptoms occurring until they were 50 years old.

Conclusions:
Women in the LRS experience symptoms strikingly similar to those often associated with the MT. Women do not expect these changes until the age of 50 years or later and are surprised by such symptoms before cycle irregularity. Research about the epidemiology and management of LRS symptoms, anticipatory guidance for women, and education for clinicians who care for them warrant increased attention.
Comparative venous thromboembolic safety of oral and transdermal postmenopausal hormone therapies among women Veterans
Authors: Blondon Marc , Timmons Andrew K. , Baraff Aaron J. , Floyd James S. , Harrington Laura B. , Korpak Anna M. , Smith Nicholas L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Hormone therapy (HT) is used by menopausal women to treat vasomotor symptoms. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important risk of HT use, and more knowledge on the comparative safety of different estrogenic compounds is useful for women who use HT for these symptoms. The objective was to compare the risk of VTE among users of oral conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), oral estradiol (E2), and transdermal E2, in a cohort of women veterans.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included all women veterans aged 40 to 89 years, using CEE or E2, without prior VTE, between 2003 and 2011. All incident VTE events were adjudicated. Time-to-event analyses using a time-varying HT exposure evaluated the relative VTE risk between estrogen subtypes, with adjustment for age, race, and body mass index, with stratification for prevalent versus incident use of HT.

Results:
Among 51,571 users of HT (74.5% CEE, 12.6% oral, and 12.9% transdermal E2 at cohort entry), with a mean age of 54.0 years, the incidence of VTE was 1.9/1,000 person-years. Compared with CEE use, in the multivariable regression model, there was no difference in the risk of incident VTE associated with oral E2 use (hazard ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.64-1.46) or with transdermal E2 use (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). Results were unchanged when restricting to incident users of HT.

Conclusions:
Among women veterans, the risk of VTE was similar in users of oral CEE, oral E2, and transdermal E2. These findings do not confirm the previously observed greater safety of transdermal and oral E2 over CEE.
Warm Weather and Surgical Site Infections: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Sahtoe Anouschka P.H. , Duraku Liron S. , van der Oest Mark J.W. , Hundepool Caroline A. , de Kraker Marjolein , Bode Lonneke G.M. , Zuidam J. Michiel 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Seasonal variability, in terms of warm weather, has been demonstrated to be a significant risk factor for surgical site infections (SSIs). However, this remains an underexposed risk factor for SSIs, and many clinicians are not aware of this. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to investigate and quantify this matter.

Methods:
Articles were searched in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar, and data were extracted from relevant studies. Meta-analysis used random effects models to estimate and compare the pooled odds ratios (OR) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) of surgery performed during the warmest period of the year and the colder period of the year.

Results:
The systematic review included 20 studies (58,599,475 patients), of which 14 studies (58,441,420 patients) were included for meta-analysis. Various types of surgical procedures across different geographic regions were included. The warmest period of the year was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of SSIs (OR 1.39, 95%CI: [1.34–1.45], P < 0.0001). Selection of specific types of surgical procedures (eg, orthopedic or spinal surgery) significantly altered this increased risk.

Conclusions:
The current meta-analysis showed that warm weather seasons are associated with a statistically significant risk increasement of 39% in developing SSIs. This significant risk factor might aid clinicians in preoperative patient information, possible surgical planning adjustment for high risk patients, and potentially specific antibiotic treatments during the warmer weather seasons that could result in decrease of SSIs.