bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximating solution spaces as a product of polygons
Authors: Harbrecht Helmut , Tröndle Dennis , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolution spaces are regions of good designs in a potentially high-dimensional design space. Good designs satisfy by definition all requirements that are imposed on them as mathematical constraints. In previous work, the complete solution space was approximated by a hyper-rectangle, i.e., the Cartesian product of permissible intervals for design variables. These intervals serve as independent target regions for distributed and separated design work. For a better approximation, i.e., a larger resulting solution space, this article proposes to compute the Cartesian product of two-dimensional regions, so-called 2d-spaces, that are enclosed by polygons. 2d-spaces serve as target regions for pairs of variables and are independent of other 2d-spaces. A numerical algorithm for non-linear problems is presented that is based on iterative Monte Carlo sampling.
The geography of COVID-19 in Sweden
Authors: Florida Richard , Mellander Charlotta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the geographic factors that are associated with the spread of COVID-19 during the first wave in Sweden. We focus particularly on the role of place-based factors versus factors associated with the spread or diffusion of COVID-19 across places. Sweden is a useful case study to examine the interplay of these factors because it did not impose mandatory lockdowns and because there were essentially no regional differences in the pandemic policies or strategies during the first wave of COVID-19. We examine the role of place-based factors like density, age structures and different socioeconomic factors on the geographic variation of COVID-19 cases and on deaths, across both municipalities and neighborhoods. Our findings show that factors associated with diffusion matter more than place-based factors in the geographic incidence of COVID-19 in Sweden. The most significant factor of all is proximity to places with higher levels of infections. COVID-19 is also higher in places that were hit earliest in the outbreak. Of place-based factors, the geographic variation in COVID-19 is most significantly related to the presence of high-risk nursing homes, and only modestly associated with factors like density, population size, income and other socioeconomic characteristics of places.
A generalization of Milnor’s formula
Authors: Zach Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Milnor number $$\mu _f$$

μ
f

of a holomorphic function $$f :({\mathbb {C}}^n,0) \rightarrow ({\mathbb {C}},0)$$

f
:

(

C

n

,
0
)

→

(
C
,
0
)

with an isolated singularity has several different characterizations as, for example: 1) the number of critical points in a morsification of f, 2) the middle Betti number of its Milnor fiber $$M_f$$

M
f

, 3) the degree of the differential $${\text {d}}f$$

d
f

at the origin, and 4) the length of an analytic algebra due to Milnor’s formula $$\mu _f = \dim _{\mathbb {C}}{\mathcal {O}}_n/{\text {Jac}}(f)$$

μ
f

=

dim
C

O
n

/
Jac

(
f
)

. Let $$(X,0) \subset ({\mathbb {C}}^n,0)$$

(
X
,
0
)

⊂

(

C

n

,
0
)

be an arbitrarily singular reduced analytic space, endowed with its canonical Whitney stratification and let $$f :({\mathbb {C}}^n,0) \rightarrow ({\mathbb {C}},0)$$

f
:

(

C

n

,
0
)

→

(
C
,
0
)

be a holomorphic function whose restriction f|(X, 0) has an isolated singularity in the stratified sense. For each stratum $${\mathscr {S}}_\alpha $$

S
α

let $$\mu _f(\alpha ;X,0)$$

μ
f

(
α
;
X
,
0
)

be the number of critical points on $${\mathscr {S}}_\alpha $$

S
α

in a morsification of f|(X, 0). We show that the numbers $$\mu _f(\alpha ;X,0)$$

μ
f

(
α
;
X
,
0
)

generalize the classical Milnor number in all of the four characterizations above. To this end, we describe a homology decomposition of the Milnor fiber $$M_{f|(X,0)}$$

M

f
|
(
X
,
0
)

in terms of the $$\mu _f(\alpha ;X,0)$$

μ
f

(
α
;
X
,
0
)

and introduce a new homological index which computes these numbers directly as a holomorphic Euler characteristic. We furthermore give an algorithm for this computation when the closure of the stratum is a hypersurface.
Species-specific isotope dilution analysis of monomethylmercury in sediment using GC/ICP-ToF-MS and comparison with ICP-Q-MS and ICP-SF-MS
Authors: Faßbender Sebastian , von der Au Marcus , Koenig Maren , Pelzer Jürgen , Piechotta Christian , Vogl Jochen , Meermann Björn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA recently introduced inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight-mass spectrometer (ICP-ToF-MS) shows enhanced sensitivity compared to previous developments and superior isotope ratio precision compared to other ToF and commonly used single-collector ICP-MS instruments. Following this fact, an improvement for isotope dilution ICP-MS using the new instrumentation has been reported. This study aimed at investigating whether this improvement also meets the requirements of species-specific isotope dilution using GC/ICP-MS, where short transient signals are recorded. The results of the analysis of monomethylmercury (MMHg) of a sediment reference material show that isotope ratio precision of ICP-MS instruments equipped with quadrupole, sector-field, and time-of-flight mass analyzers is similar within a broad range of peak signal-to-noise ratio when analyzing one isotopic system. The procedural limit of quantification (LOQ) for MMHg, expressed as mass fraction of Hg being present as MMHg, w(Hg)MMHg, was similar as well for all investigated instruments and ranged between 0.003 and 0.016 μg/kg. Due to the simultaneous detection capability, the ICP-ToF-MS might, however, be more favorable when several isotopic systems are analyzed within one measurement. In a case study, the GC/ICP-ToF-MS coupling was applied for analysis of MMHg in sediments of Finow Canal, a historic German canal heavily polluted with mercury. Mass fractions between 0.180 and 41 μg/kg (w(Hg)MMHg) for MMHg, and 0.056 and 126 mg/kg (w(Hg)total) for total mercury were found in sediment samples taken from the canal upstream and downstream of a former chemical plant.
Graphical abstract
The Na/K-ATPase Signaling and SGLT2 Inhibitor-Mediated Cardiorenal Protection: A Crossed Road?
Authors: Liu Jiang , Tian Jiang , Sodhi Komal , Shapiro Joseph I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn different large-scale clinic outcome trials, sodium (Na+)/glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed profound cardiac- and renal-protective effects, making them revolutionary treatments for heart failure and kidney disease. Different theories are proposed according to the emerging protective effects other than the original purpose of glucose-lowering in diabetic patients. As the ATP-dependent primary ion transporter providing the Na+gradient to drive other Na+-dependent transporters, the possible role of the sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) as the primary ion transporter and its signaling function is not explored.Graphic Abstract
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: diagnostic and therapeutic workup
Authors: Luetzen Niklas , Dovi-Akue Philippe , Fung Christian , Beck Juergen , Urbach Horst 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an orthostatic headache syndrome with typical MRI findings among which engorgement of the venous sinuses, pachymeningeal enhancement, and effacement of the suprasellar cistern have the highest diagnostic sensitivity. SIH is in almost all cases caused by spinal CSF leaks. Spinal MRI scans showing so-called spinal longitudinal extradural fluid (SLEC) are suggestive of ventral dural tears (type 1 leak) which are located with prone dynamic (digital subtraction) myelography. As around half of the ventral dural tears are located in the upper thoracic spine, additional prone dynamic CT myelography is often needed. Leaking nerve root sleeves typically associated with meningeal diverticulae (type 2 leaks) and CSF-venous fistulas (type 3 leaks) are proven via lateral decubitus dynamic digital subtraction or CT myelography: type 2 leaks are SLEC-positive if the tear is proximal and SLEC-negative if it is distal, and type 3 leaks are always SLEC-negative. Although 30–70% of SIH patients show marked improvement following epidural blood patches applied via various techniques definite cure mostly requires surgical closure of ventral dural tears and surgical ligations of leaking nerve root sleeves associated with meningeal diverticulae or CSF-venous fistulas. For the latter, transvenous embolization with liquid embolic agents via the azygos vein system is a novel and valuable therapeutic alternative.
Control of Magnaporthe oryzae and Rice Growth Promotion by Bacillus subtilis JN005
Authors: Zhu Huajun , Zhou Hu , Ren Zuohua , Liu Erming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is quite important to develop the microorganism resources with biocontrol capacity for rice blast. This study evaluated Bacillus subtilis JN005 for growth promotion and biocontrol efficacy against Magnaporthe oryzae. Results showed that rice seeds treated with 1 × 107 cfu/mL suspension of B. subtilis JN005 had 16% germination energy, 14% germination rate, 15% germination index, and 270% vigor index compared to those treated with sterile water (control). In pot experiments, the JN005 strain-treated rice plants exhibited notable increase in plant height, root length, stem circumference, and fresh weight, as well as higher concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in rice leaves. Rice leaves inoculated with the JN005 strain resulted in increased activities of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) compared to the water and the M. oryzae-inoculated treatments. In vitro inoculated rice leaves with 1 × 107 cfu/mL bacterial suspension compared to sterile water or control treatment exhibited lower disease incidence in the curative and preventive groups by 79% and 76%, respectively. Field experiment showed that after spraying with 1 × 107 cfu/mL bacterial suspension, efficacy rates on controlling rice blast on plants were (56.82 ± 1.12)% and (58.39 ± 3.05)% at seedling and maturity stages, respectively, and that rice production yield was (524.40 ± 17.88) g/m2. Therefore, B. subtilis JN005 could be a promising biological control agent for rice blast, thereby warranting further investigation of its efficacy.
Strong Cliques in Claw-Free Graphs
Authors: Dębski Michał , Śleszyńska-Nowak Małgorzata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor a graph G, $$L(G)^2$$

L

(
G
)

2

is the square of the line graph of G – that is, vertices of $$L(G)^2$$

L

(
G
)

2

are edges of G and two edges $$e,f\in E(G)$$

e
,
f
∈
E
(
G
)

are adjacent in $$L(G)^2$$

L

(
G
)

2

if at least one vertex of e is adjacent to a vertex of f and $$e\ne f$$

e
≠
f

. The strong chromatic index of G, denoted by $$s'(G)$$

s
′

(
G
)

, is the chromatic number of $$L(G)^2$$

L

(
G
)

2

. A strong clique in G is a clique in $$L(G)^2$$

L

(
G
)

2

. Finding a bound for the maximum size of a strong clique in a graph with given maximum degree is a problem connected to a famous conjecture of Erdős and Nešetřil concerning strong chromatic index of graphs. In this note we prove that a size of a strong clique in a claw-free graph with maximum degree $$\varDelta $$
Δ
is at most $$\varDelta ^2 + \frac{1}{2}\varDelta $$

Δ
2

+

1
2

Δ

. This result improves the only known result $$1.125\varDelta ^2+\varDelta $$

1.125

Δ
2

+
Δ

, which is a bound for the strong chromatic index of claw-free graphs.
The impact of a needs-oriented dental prophylaxis program on bacteremia after toothbrushing and systemic inflammation in children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Höfer Karolin , Turnowsky Anna , Ehren Rasmus , Taylan Christina , Plum Georg , Witte Hanna , Noack Michael J. , Weber Lutz T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) still leads to high mortality rates, mainly due to cardiovascular disease. One important influencing factor is persisting low-grade chronic inflammation partly maintained by gingivitis that favors transient bacteremia during daily activities such as toothbrushing.

Methods
To examine whether intensive dental prophylaxis can restore oral health, reduce the prevalence of bacteremia and degree of systemic inflammation indicated by CRP levels, we conducted this pilot study examining 30 CKD patients aged 6–26 years, 15 receiving intensive prophylaxis (IP), 15 receiving treatment as usual (TAU) serving as control group. There were three appointments for examination, each 10 ± 1 weeks apart (at baseline, after intervention periods one and two, when TAU also received IP, and the IP group stopped prophylaxis).

Results
The gingival index (GI) in the IP group decreased by 90% (GI 0.09; p=0.001), resulting in almost healthy gingiva. There was no significant change in CRP or prevalence of bacteremia. General prevalence of bacteremia after toothbrushing was 9.5% affecting 7 (26%) of the participants. In three participants, bacteremia dissolved after IP, in one after TAU. Two patients developed bacteremia ≥ 10 weeks after ending IP. We identified eight different bacterial species.

Conclusions
We were able to show that IP can effectively treat gingivitis. It might be a promising approach to reduce systemic inflammation and subsequently lower premature cardiovascular disease, despite the lack of statistical significance. Future research requires a larger patient cohort to enable matched treatment groups with long-term follow-up and molecular detection methods for bacteremia.

Graphical abstract
The lived body (Der Leib) as a diagnostic and therapeutic instrument in general practice
Authors: Langewitz Wolf Axel 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBased on vignettes from clinical cases, supervision and Balint groups this article presents a neo-phenomenological perspective on the lived experience of healthcare professionals in interactions with patients and relatives. Specifically, the familiar phenomenon of “something in the air” between two persons will be analyzed.Constellations and situations are presented as fundamental and generic (ontological) categories that can be differentiated to understand the details and the whole (die Gestalt) of an interaction.The term atmosphere is introduced to investigate the material carrier of something that “colors the air” between healthcare provider and patient.The neo-phenomenological taxonomy of the lived body (der Leib) is used to describe the recipient structure of atmospheric mood.Finally, the potential of these concepts for a more comprehensive diagnosis and for therapeutic use in general practice will be elucidated.
Targeted self-management limits fatigue for women undergoing radiotherapy for early breast cancer: results from the ACTIVE randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Courtier Nick , Armes Jo , Smith Andrew , Radley Lesley , Hopkinson Jane B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The ACTIVE intervention uses a novel fatigue propensity tool to target a behavioural fatigue self-management programme for women undergoing radiotherapy for early breast cancer. We assess feasibility and outcomes for ACTIVE.

Methods
Mixed methods comprised a randomised feasibility trial with qualitative process evaluation and a nested fatigue risk substudy. Participants at a higher risk of fatigue were allocated 2:1 to behavioural intervention or information alone. Participants at a lower risk of fatigue entered the fatigue risk substudy. Feasibility was assessed by rates of eligibility, recruitment, retention and adherence. Qualitative interviews explored acceptability of the intervention and trial processes. Measures of fatigue, anxiety, depression, quality of life and self-efficacy were self-reported before, during and 10 days, 3 weeks and 6 months after radiotherapy. Pre-treatment fatigue risk score and post-treatment fatigue were correlated.

Results
Fifty percent (n = 75) of eligible patients were recruited with 33 higher risk participants randomised to the trial and 42 entering the fatigue risk score substudy. Trial design and methods were feasible and acceptable with 91% of participants completing all measures according to protocol. Fatigue was clinically-significantly lower in the intervention group during, and in the weeks after, treatment compared to the control: all secondary measures favoured the intervention group. Positive group differences were not maintained at 6 months.

Conclusion
Our targeted approach to fatigue self-management is feasible and acceptable within the early breast cancer pathway. Multiple benefits were reported by patients who received the intervention, which is worthy of further investigation.

Trial registration
ISRCTN 10303368. Registered August 2017. Health and Care Research Wales Clinical Trial Portfolio Registration 31419.
Commentary: Quality nutrition care is integral to the Oncology Care Model
Authors: Arensberg Mary Beth , Besecker Beth , Weldishofer Laura , Drawert Susan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Oncology Care Model (OCM) is a US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) specialty model implemented in 2016, to provide higher quality, more highly coordinated oncology care at the same or lower costs. Under the OCM, oncology clinics enter into payment arrangements that include financial and performance accountability for patients receiving chemotherapy treatment. In addition, OCM clinics commit to providing enhanced services to Medicare beneficiaries, including care coordination, navigation, and following national treatment guidelines. Nutrition is a component of best-practice cancer care, yet it may not be addressed by OCM providers even though up to 80% of patients with cancer develop malnutrition and poor nutrition has a profound impact on cancer treatment and survivorship. Only about half of US ambulatory oncology settings screen for malnutrition, registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are not routinely employed by oncology clinics, and the medical nutrition therapy they provide is often not reimbursed. Thus, adequate nutrition care in US oncology clinics remains a gap area. Some oncology clinics are addressing this gap through implementation of nutrition-focused quality improvement programs (QIPs) but many are not. What is needed is a change of perspective. This paper outlines how and why quality nutrition care is integral to the OCM and can benefit patient health and provider outcomes.
Performance of daily satellite-based rainfall in groundwater basin of Merapi Aquifer System, Yogyakarta
Authors: Rahmawati Novi , Rahayu Kisworo , Yuliasari Sukma Tri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvaluation of the performance of daily satellite-based rainfall (CMORPH, CHIRPS, GPM IMERG, and TRMM) was done to obtain applicable satellite rainfall estimates in the groundwater basin of the Merapi Aquifer System (MAS). Performance of satellite data was assessed by applying descriptive statistics, categorical statistics, and bias decomposition on the basis of daily rainfall intensity classification. This classification is possible to measure the performance of daily satellite-based rainfall in much detail. CM (CMORPH) has larger underestimation compared to other satellite-based rainfall assessments. This satellite-based rainfall also mostly has the largest RMSE, while CHR (CHIRPS) has the lowest. CM has a good performance to detect no rain, while IMR (GPM IMERG) has the worst performance. IMR and CHR have a good performance to detect light and moderate rain. Both of them have larger H frequencies and lower MB values compared to other satellite products. CHR mostly has a good performance compared to TR (TRMM), especially on wet periods. CM, IMR, and TR mostly have a good performance on dry periods, while CHR on wet periods. CM mostly has the largest MB and lowest AHB values. CM and CHR have better accuracy to estimate rain amount compared to IMR and TR. All in all, all 4 satellite-based rainfall assessments have large discrepancy compared with rain gauge data along mountain range where orographic rainfall usually occurs in wet periods. Hence, it is recommended to evaluate satellite-based rainfall with time series of streamflow simulation in hydrological modeling framework by merging rain gauge data with more than one satellite-based rainfall than to merge both IMR and TR together.
POLR3A variants in hereditary spastic paraparesis and ataxia: clinical, genetic, and neuroradiological findings in a cohort of Italian patients
Authors: Di Donato Ilaria , Gallo Antonio , Ricca Ivana , Fini Nicola , Silvestri Gabriella , Gurrieri Fiorella , Cirillo Mario , Cerase Alfonso , Natale Gemma , Matrone Federica , Riso Vittorio , Melone Mariarosa Anna Beatrice , Tessa Alessandra , De Michele Giovanna , Federico Antonio , Filla Alessandro , Dotti Maria Teresa , Santorelli Filippo Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMutations inPOLR3Aare characterized by high phenotypic heterogeneity, with manifestations ranging from severe childhood-onset hypomyelinating leukodystrophic syndromes to milder and later-onset gait disorders with central hypomyelination, with or without additional non-neurological signs. Recently, a milder phenotype consisting of late-onset spastic ataxia without hypomyelinating leukodystrophy has been suggested to be specific to the intronic c.1909 + 22G > A mutation inPOLR3A. Here, we present 10 patients from 8 unrelated families withPOLR3A-related late-onset spastic ataxia, all harboring the c.1909 + 22G > A variant. Most of them showed an ataxic-spastic picture, two a “pure” cerebellar phenotype, and one a “pure” spastic presentation. The non-neurological findings typically associated withPOLR3Amutations were absent in all the patients. The main findings on brain MRI were bilateral hyperintensity along the superior cerebellar peduncles on FLAIR sequences, observed in most of the patients, and cerebellar and/or spinal cord atrophy, found in half of the patients. Only one patient exhibited central hypomyelination. ThePOLR3Amutations present in this cohort were the c.1909 + 22G > A splice site variant found in compound heterozygosity with six additional variants (three missense, two nonsense, one splice) and, in one patient, with a novel large deletion involving exons 14–18. Interestingly, this patient had the most “complex” presentation among those observed in our cohort; it included some neurological and non-neurological features, such as seizures, neurosensory deafness, and lipomas, that have not previously been reported in association with late-onsetPOLR3A-related disorders, and therefore further expand the phenotype.