bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnoses and Outcomes of Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem Treatment—A Canadian Experience
Authors: Wong Bryan M. , Garg Anubhav , Trinh Tanya , Mimouni Michael , Ramdass Stephanie , Liao Jennifer , Chandrakumar Manokaraananthan , Chan Clara C. , Slomovic Allan R. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
To investigate underlying diagnoses and outcomes of patients undergoing Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem (PROSE) treatment at the first Canadian PROSE center.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients referred for PROSE treatment and fitted with PROSE devices from 2018 to 2020. Data were collected on diagnoses, presenting symptoms, previous lens modalities attempted, best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) pre-PROSE and post-PROSE, daily wear time, and failure rates. Best-corrected visual acuities pre-PROSE and post-PROSE were compared to evaluate visual improvement.

Results:
In total, 78 patients (126 eyes) were analyzed. The most common diagnoses were keratoconus (n=39 eyes) and postcorneal graft (n=15) in the distorted cornea group, and limbal stem cell deficiency (n=17) and graft versus host disease (n=15) in the ocular surface disease (OSD) group. Most frequent symptoms included blur, photophobia, and pain. Most common lens modalities attempted pre-PROSE were conventional scleral lenses and glasses. The overall mean BCVA improvement was 0.40 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) (4-lines Snellen) (P<0.0001). Best-corrected visual acuities improvement in the distorted cornea group (0.52 logMAR, 5-lines) was significantly greater than in the OSD group (0.29 logMAR, 3-lines) (P=0.004).

Conclusions:
Prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem treatment can provide significant visual improvement for patients with distorted corneal surfaces and OSDs who failed other lens modalities.
Comparative Analysis of Two Clinical Diagnostic Methods of the Corneoscleral Geometry
Authors: Bataille Laurent , Molina-Martin Ainhoa , Piñero David P. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To compare the sagittal height (SH) measurements and best fit sphere (BFS) scleral curvature obtained with two different diagnostic technologies.

Methods:
Prospective, nonrandomized, and comparative study analyzing 23 healthy eyes of 23 patients (age, 14–52 years) was conducted. A complete eye examination was performed including a corneoscleral topographic analysis with the Scheimpflug camera–based system Pentacam (Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and afterward with the Fourier domain profilometer Eye Surface Profiler (ESP) (Eaglet-Eye, Houten, the Netherlands). Differences between devices in temporal SH (TSH), nasal SH (NSH), and mean SH (MSH) measurements at 13- and 15-mm chord length and in scleral BFS were analyzed.

Results:
Statistically significant differences were found in TSH, NSH, and MSH obtained with Pentacam and ESP (P≤0.017), with a range of agreement from 0.21 to 1.28 mm, and a clear trend of the Pentacam system to provide higher SH measurements. Significant differences were found between Pentacam scleral BFS and ESP outer BFS (P<0.001) (range agreement, 3.57 mm). Significant correlations were found between spherical equivalent and differences between devices in 15-mm TSH (r=0.485; P=0.048), as well as between the difference between devices for some SH measurements and the magnitude of such SH values (r≥0.504; P≤0.014).

Conclusion:
Sagittal height and scleral BFS measurements obtained with the two devices are not interchangeable, with an increased difference in SH measures between devices in eyes with less myopic refractive error and increased SH values.
Depressive Symptoms and Blood Pressure in African American Women
Authors: Gao Xiaosong , Barcelona Veronica , DeWan Andrew , Prescott Laura , Crusto Cindy , Sun Yan V. , Taylor Jacquelyn Y. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Depression is a risk factor for hypertension, yet few studies have been conducted in African American women.

Objective
We conducted a secondary analysis of depressive symptoms and high blood pressure among African American women from the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure longitudinal study (N = 250).

Methods
Logistic regression was used to examine depressive symptoms and blood pressure, adjusting for education, employment, and racism/discrimination. Growth curve modeling was used to investigate longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures at 4 time points (T1–T4).

Results
Depressive symptoms at baseline were not prospectively associated with hypertension prevalence. Participants with Beck Depression Inventory scores higher than 10 had higher estimated marginal SBP and DBP over time compared with participants with lower scores.

Conclusion
Depressive symptoms were not associated with hypertension prevalence at T4, but they were associated with higher estimated marginal SBP and DBP. Future research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and implications for clinical care and prevention.
Eudemonia and Mental Bienaise in the Wake of COVID-19!
Authors: Naguy Ahmed , Moodliar-Rensburg Seshni , Alamiri Bibi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the aftermath of COVID-19, it sounds equally important, on the part of mental health providers to undertake the onerous duty of promoting resilience, to empower individuals, foster their own natural strengths, and help them incorporate new coping strategies into their everyday lives at this exceptional moment of hardship.
Progression of Postural Asymmetry in Young Adults With Cerebral Palsy Who Are Not Walking: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Holmes Carlee , Brock Kim , Morgan Prue 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
Young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) who are not walking are at risk of developing or increasing musculoskeletal asymmetries affecting the rib cage, spine, pelvis, and hips. This longitudinal study aimed to explore postural change using the Goldsmith Indices of Body Symmetry (GIofBS) over an 18-month period in adults with CP who are not walking.

Methods:
Demographic and medical data were accessed from participant's history. Posture was recorded using the GIofBS to collect data during an 18-month period following skeletal maturity.

Results:
All participants had postural asymmetry at study onset with evidence of minimal change in some GIofBS outcome measures and fluctuations in other outcomes over 18 months.

Conclusions:
Physical therapists may use the GIofBS across the lifespan to screen for deterioration in musculoskeletal status or in assessing longer-term outcomes of interventions impacting posture in this complex population.

Video Abstract:
For more insights from the authors, see Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/PPT/A314.
An Unusual Presentation of Chest Pain in a Patient With Cystic Fibrosis: A Case Report
Authors: Traylor Amanda , DiPilla-George Denee , Tirakitsoontorn Pornchai 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
This case report describes the identification and treatment of costochondritis with suspected neural entrapment in a 14-year-old individual diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.

Summary of Key Points:
The individual discussed in this report had resolution of his chest pain with additional improvement in pulmonary function test results.

Statement of Conclusion and Recommendations for Clinical Practice:
This case supports the need for musculoskeletal and neuromuscular screening and intervention for patients with cystic fibrosis. The success of the intervention suggests that when traditional approaches to treatment of costochondritis fail, use of myofascial release at the accessory muscles of breathing could be beneficial.
Blood Pressure Treatment in Kidney Transplant Recipients—Can We Improve?
Authors: Onsøien Mari O. , Midtvedt Karsten , Reisæter Anna V. , Aasarød Knut , Waldum-Grevbo Bård , Vikse Bjørn Egil , Eriksen Bjørn Odvar , Åsberg Anders 
Published: March 2021

Background.
Hypertension in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients is common, affecting both patient and graft survival. Annual data from the Norwegian Renal Registry reveal that <50% of adult (>18 y) KTx recipients reach target blood pressure (BP) ≤130/80 mm Hg. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of failure to achieve BP control.

Methods.
In conjunction with the 2018 annual data reporting, additional questions were added for recipients with BP >130/80 mm Hg (treating physician´s target BP for each patient, reasons for not achieving target, method of measurement).

Results.
Annual forms were received from 98% (3407 of 3486) of KTx recipients, with 1787 (52%) reporting a BP >130/80 mm Hg (“above-target” group). These recipients were older, mostly male, with higher body mass index and serum creatinine levels (P < 0.05) compared with patients with controlled hypertension (“on-target” group). Valid survey answers were available for 84% of the “above-target” group (Survresp) with no significant demographic differences versus nonresponders (Survnonresp). Among Survresp, 32% were under antihypertensive dose titration, whereas dose-limiting side effects were reported in 7%. Target BP was confirmed to 130/80 mm Hg for 60% of Survresp. In recipients for whom the treating physician set target BP >130/80 mm Hg, 51% did not reach these individual targets. The number of antihypertensive drugs was significantly higher in the “above-target” group versus “on-target” group (mean 2.1 ± 1.2 versus 1.8 ± 1.3) and 36% versus 25% used ≥3 antihypertensive drugs (P < 0.05). Automatic attended BP measurement was utilized by 51%.

Conclusions.
In KTx recipients, a higher BP target achievement seems possible, potentially in the range of 75%-80%.
Odor Identification Testing Can Assist in the Clinical Distinction Between Psychiatric Disorders and Neurological/Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Pachi Ioanna , Evans Andrew H. , Loi Samantha M. , Eratne Dhamidhu , Malpas Charles B. , Walterfang Mark , Farrand Sarah , Kelso Wendy , Stefanis Leonidas , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives:
The aim was to identify whether performance on olfactory identification can distinguish neurological/neurodegenerative disorders (NNDs) from primary psychiatric disorders (PPDs).

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of inpatients assessed in Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital. Data extracted from the admission records included: demographics, tobacco use, medical comorbidities, cognitive function using the Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive Assessment Tool (NUCOG), and odor identification using the Sniffin’ Sticks Screening 12 test. The final diagnosis for patients was informed by established diagnostic criteria.

Results:
A total 121 patients were included. Eighty-eight patients (73%) were diagnosed with neurological or neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimers dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body parkinsonian-related dementias (Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies) and other neurological causes of dementia; 33 patients (27%) were diagnosed with PPDs (including mood and psychotic disorders). Patients who scored ≤8 on the Sniffin’ Sticks Screening 12 test were more likely to have NND than PPD, even after adjustment for age, sex and tobacco use (P=0.009, adjusted odds ratios=3.85, 95% confidence interval=1.40-10.62). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that a score of ≤8 differentiated NND from PPD with sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 73% (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.67, P=0.004).

Conclusions:
Patients with neuropsychiatric difficulties who score 8 or less on Sniffin’ Sticks are more likely to have a neurodegenerative illness. A cut-off score of 8 is potentially a “red flag” for clinicians faced with the diagnostic question of PPD versus NND.
Dapagliflozin: an effective adjunctive treatment in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Yadegarfar Ghasem , Livingston Mark , Cortes Gabriela , Alshames Ramadan , Leivesley Kate , Metters Ann , Horne Linda , Steele Tom , Heald Adrian H. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Many people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) continue to run high HbA1c levels with an associated elevated risk of cardiovascular events and increased mortality. We describe here how adjunctive prescription of an SGLT2 inhibitor has improved the glycaemic control of several people with T1DM, where the new technology has been intensively deployed.

Methods
We report outcomes of six adults with T1DM who have been given dapagliflozin in East Cheshire, UK. Initiation was with education/support from the diabetes specialist nurses. All had an HbA1c of 70 mmol/mol (8.6%) or more before this was initiated. All had been monitoring glycemia with a FreeStyle Libre monitor for at least 6 months prior to this.

Results
The age range was 30–68 years. The mean duration of T1DM was 23.3 ± 5.5 years. All were on a basal-bolus regime. Over a 6 month period, HbA1c fell from 78.5 mmol/mol (9.3%) to 55 mmol/mol (7.2%). The greatest reduction in HbA1c was 57 mmol/mol (7.4%). Analysis of the FreeStyle Libre blood glucose records showed that the proportion of blood glucose readings on target (4–10 mmol/L) increased from 33.1 to 65.2% with the addition of dapagliflozin(P = 0.007). The proportion of blood glucose readings above target (>10 mmol/L) decreased from 68.0 to 26.4%, 6 months after initiation of dapagliflozin (P = 0.005). There was no increase in symptomatic hypoglycemia.

Conclusion
Dapagliflozin as adjunctive therapy to basal-bolus regime insulin in individuals with T1DM was well tolerated and improved glycemic control with no increase in hypoglycemia. We provide further evidence of the value of this intervention.
Acute cardiac overload does not induce cardiac or skeletal expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 in rats
Authors: Fajol Abul , Komaba Hirotaka , Ishioka Chigusa , Wada Takehiko , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: March 2021

Objective
Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is associated with cardiovascular events, particularly heart failure. Although FGF23 has been reported to induce cardiac hypertrophy, recent studies demonstrated that cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction induce FGF23 production by cardiomyocytes. We aimed to explore whether acute cardiac overload increases cardiac and skeletal FGF23 expression and circulating FGF23 levels.

Methods
We administered 30 μL/g bodyweight of isotonic saline intraperitoneally in rats to induce acute cardiac overload. We measured serum FGF23 levels and other parameters of mineral metabolism at 2, 6, and 24 h after saline or sham injection. We also analyzed gene expression in the heart, calvarium, femur, and kidney at 2 and 24 h after injection.

Results
Acute saline injection induced cardiac overload as evidenced by a significant upregulation of brain natriuretic peptide along with a trend towards increased expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and mild hyponatremia. However, there were no changes in serum FGF23 levels or FGF23 expression in the heart, calvarium, or femur.

Conclusions
Acute cardiac overload by saline injection in rats did neither induce FGF23 expression in the heart or bone nor did it increase serum FGF23 levels. These findings suggest that more severe or long-term cardiac damage is required for induction of FGF23 expression.
Model selection reveals the butyrate-producing gut bacteriumCoprococcus eutactusas predictor for language development in three-year-old rural Ugandan children
Authors: Kort Remco , Schlösser Job , Vazquez Alan R. , Atukunda Prudence , Muhoozi Grace K.M. , Wacoo Alex Paul , Sybesma Wilbert F.H. , Westerberg Ane C. , Iversen Per Ole , Schoen Eric D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe metabolic activity of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis through the effects of bacterial metabolites on brain function and development. In this study we investigated the association of gut microbiota composition with language development of three-year-old rural Ugandan children.MethodsWe studied the language ability in 139 children of 36 months in our controlled maternal education intervention trial to stimulate children’s growth and development. The dataset includes 1170 potential predictors, including anthropometric and cognitive parameters at 24 months, 542 composition parameters of the children’s gut microbiota at 24 months and 621 of these parameters at 36 months. We applied a novel computationally efficient version of the all-subsets regression methodology and identified predictors of language ability of 36-months-old children scored according to the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III).ResultsThe best three-term model, selected from more than 266 million models, includes the predictorsCoprococcus eutactusat 24 months of age,Bifidobacteriumat 36 months of age, and language development at 24 months. The top 20 four-term models, selected from more than 77 billion models, consistently includeCoprococcus eutactusabundance at 24 months, while 14 of these models include the other two predictors as well. Mann-Whitney U tests further suggest that the abundance of gut bacteria in language non-impaired children (n= 78) differs from that in language impaired children (n= 61) at 24 months. While obligate anaerobic butyrate-producers, includingCoprococcus eutactus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Holdemanella biformis, Roseburia hominisare less abundant, facultative anaerobic bacteria, includingGranulicatella elegans, Escherichia/ShigellaandCampylobacter coli, are more abundant in language impaired children. The overall predominance of oxygen tolerant species in the gut microbiota of Ugandan children at the age 24 months, expressed as the Metagenomic Aerotolerant Predominance Index (MAPI), was slightly higher in the language impaired group than in the non-impaired group (P= 0.09).ConclusionsApplication of the all-subsets regression methodology to microbiota data established a correlation between the relative abundance of the anaerobic butyrate-producing gut bacteriumCoprococcus eutactusand language development in Ugandan children. We propose that the gut redox potential and the overall bacterial butyrate-producing capacity could be factors of importance as gut microbiota members with a positive correlation to language development are mostly strictly anaerobic butyrate-producers, while microbiota members that correlate negatively, are predominantly oxygen tolerant with a variety of known adverse effects.
Changes in live births, preterm birth, low birth weight, and cesarean deliveries in the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Gemmill Alison , Casey Joan A. , Catalano Ralph , Karasek Deborah , Bruckner Tim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and associated social, economic, and clinical disruption have been widely speculated to affect pregnancy decision-making and outcomes. While a few US-based studies have examined subnational changes in fertility, preterm birth, and stillbirth, there remains limited knowledge of how the pandemic impacted childbearing and a broader set of perinatal health indicators at the national-level throughout 2020. Here, we use recently released national-level data to fill this gap. Importantly, we, unlike earlier work, use time-series methods to account for strong temporal patterning (e.g., seasonality, trend) that could otherwise lead to spurious findings.MethodsFor the years 2015 to 2020, we obtained national monthly counts of births and rates (per 100 births) for six perinatal indicators: preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation), early preterm birth (<34 weeks gestation), late preterm birth (34-36 weeks gestation), low birth weight birth (<2500 g), very low birth weight birth (<1500 g), and cesarean delivery. We use an interrupted time-series approach to compare the outcomes observed after the pandemic began (March 2020) to those expected had the pandemic not occurred.ResultsFor total births as well as five of the six indicators (i.e., all but the rate of cesarean delivery), observed values fall well below expected levels (p<.0001 for each test) during the entire pandemic period. Declines in preterm birth and low birth weight were largest in magnitude in both early and later stages of the 2020 pandemic, while those for live births occurred at the end of the year.DiscussionOur findings provide some of the first national evidence of substantial reductions in live births and adverse perinatal outcomes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Only cesarean delivery appeared unaffected. These declines were not uniform across the pandemic, suggesting that several mechanisms, which require further study, may explain these patterns.
The Role of Testing Availability on Intentions to Isolate during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Zhang Justin C. , Christensen Katherine L. , Leuchter Richard K. , Vangala Sitaram , Han Maria , Croymans Daniel M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle information exists on how COVID-19 testing availability influences intentions to engage in risky behavior. Understanding the behavioral effects of testing availability may provide insight into the role of adequate testing on controlling viral transmission.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of testing availability on behavioral intention to self-isolate in a simulated scenario with participants who have been clinically diagnosed with COVID-19.MethodsA total of 1400 participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) through a national, online, opt-in survey. Participants were randomized to one of three hypothetical scenarios. Each scenario asked participants to imagine having symptoms consistent with COVID-19 along with a clinical diagnosis from their physician. However, scenarios differed in their testing result: testing unavailable, positive test, or negative test. The primary outcome was intention to engage in high-risk COVID-19 behaviors, measured using an 11-item mean score (range 1-7) that was pre-registered prior to data collection. The randomized survey was conducted between July 23rd to July 29th, 2020.ResultsOut of 1194 respondents (41.6% male, 58.4% female) with a median age of 38.5 years, participants who had no testing available in their clinical scenario showed significantly greater intentions to engage in behavior facilitating COVID-19 transmission compared to those who received a positive confirmatory test result scenario (difference (SE): 0.14 (0.06), P=0.016), equating to an 11.1% increase in mean score risky behavior intentions. Intention to engage in behaviors that can spread COVID-19 were also positively associated with male gender, poor health status, and Republican party affiliation.ConclusionTesting availability appears to play an independent role in influencing behaviors facilitating COVID-19 transmission. Such findings shed light on the possible negative externalities of testing unavailability.Trial RegistrationEffect of Availability of COVID-19 Testing on Choice to Isolate and Socially Distance, NCT04459520, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04459520