bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of trapped solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a nonlocal nonlinear self-interaction potential
Authors: Charalampidis Efstathios G , Cooper Fred , Khare Avinash , Dawson John F , Saxena Avadh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work focuses on the study of the stability of trapped soliton-like solutions of a (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in a nonlocal, nonlinear, self-interaction potential of the form

[

|
ψ

(

x
,
t

)

|

2

+
|
ψ

(

−
x
,
t

)

|

2

]

κ

where κ is an arbitrary nonlinearity parameter. Although the system with κ = 1 (i.e. fully integrable case) was first reported by Yang (2018 Phys. Rev. E 98 042202), in the present work, we extend this model to the one in which κ is arbitrary. This allows us to compare the stability properties of the now trapped solutions to previously found solutions of the more usual NLSE with κ ≠ 1 which are moving soliton solutions. We show that there is a simple, one-component, nonlocal Lagrangian and corresponding action governing the dynamics of the system. Using a collective coordinate method derived from the action as well as assuming the validity of Derrick’s theorem, we find that these trapped solutions are stable for 0 < κ < 2 and unstable when κ > 2. At the critical value of κ, i.e. κ = 2, the solution can either collapse or blowup linearly in time when q
0 = 0, where q
0 is the center of the initial density ρ(x, t = 0) = ψ
⋆
ψ of the solution. For q
0 ≠ 0 the displaced solution collapses. When κ > 2 initial small displacements from the origin also lead to collapse of the wave function. This phenomenon is not seen in the usual NLSE.
Lysosomal dysfunction impairs mitochondrial quality control and is associated with neurodegeneration in TBCK encephaloneuronopathy
Authors: Tintos-Hernández Jesus A , Santana Adrian , Keller Kierstin N , Ortiz-González Xilma R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Biallelic variants in the TBCK gene cause intellectual disability with remarkable clinical variability, ranging from static encephalopathy to progressive neurodegeneration (TBCK-Encephaloneuronopathy). The biological factors underlying variable disease penetrance remain unknown. Since previous studies had suggested aberrant autophagy, we tested whether mitophagy and mitochondrial function are altered in TBCK−/− fibroblasts derived from patients exhibiting variable clinical severity. Our data show significant accumulation of mitophagosomes, reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial DNA content, suggesting impaired mitochondrial quality control. Furthermore, the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction correlates with a neurodegenerative clinical course. Since mitophagy ultimately depends on lysosomal degradation, we also examined lysosomal function. Our data show that lysosomal proteolytic function is significantly reduced in TBCK−/− fibroblasts. Moreover, acidifying lysosomal nanoparticles rescue the mitochondrial respiratory defects in fibroblasts, suggesting impaired mitochondrial quality control secondary to lysosomal dysfunction. Our data provide insight into the disease mechanisms of TBCK Encephaloneuronopathy and the potential relevance of mitochondrial function as a biomarker beyond primary mitochondrial disorders. It also supports the benefit of lysosomal acidification strategies for disorders of impaired lysosomal degradation affecting mitochondrial quality control.
Method Validation and Rapid Determination of Monosodium Glutamate in Various Food Products by HPLC–Fluorescence Detection and Method Optimization of HPLC–Evaporative Light Scattering Detection Approach without Derivatization
Authors: Soyseven Murat , Arli Göksel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, an effective, simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence (FLD) method was developed and validated for the determination of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in 57 various food samples. Besides, HPLC-Evaporate Light Scattering Detection (ELSD) method was carried out for determination of MSG without derivatization. MSG analysis was performed by derivatization with dansyl chloride at excitation 328, emission 530nm with fluorescence detector. HPLC-FLD method was carried out by using C18 (150 mm, 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) column with the mobile phase consisting of (Water: Methanol:Glacial Acetic Acid)/(54:45:1,v/v/v). The column temperature was set at 25°C and the flow rate was set at 0.5 mL min−1 with an injection volume 20 μL. The results were linear (R2 = 0.9999) with very low quantification limits. The applied method was optimized and the validated parameters such as LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, linearity and robustness were calculated. The obtained results were statistically compared with each other. The validated HPLC-FLD method was successfully applied for the analysis of MSG in all of the food samples. Moreover, HPLC-ELSD method was optimized and successfully demonstrated for detect the MSG without derivatization.
Randomized Study of Rivaroxaban vs Placebo on Disease Progression and Symptoms Resolution in High-Risk Adults With Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ananworanich Jintanat , Mogg Robin , Dunne Michael W , Bassyouni Mohamed , David Consuela Vera , Gonzalez Erika , Rogalski-Salter Taryn , Shih Heather , Silverman Jared , Medema Jeroen , Heaton Penny 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection may be associated with a prothrombotic state, predisposing patients for a progressive disease course. We investigated whether rivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant factor Xa inhibitor, would reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression.

Methods
Adults (N = 497) with mild COVID-19 symptoms and at high risk for COVID-19 progression based on age, body mass index, or comorbidity were randomized 1:1 to either daily oral rivaroxaban 10 mg (N = 246) or placebo equivalent (N = 251) for 21 days and followed to day 35. Primary end points were safety and progression. Absolute difference in progression risk was assessed using a stratified Miettinen and Nurminen method.

Results
The study was terminated after 497 of the target 600 participants were enrolled due to a prespecified interim analysis of the first 200 participants that crossed the futility boundary for the primary efficacy end point in the intent-to-treat population. Enrollees were 85% aged &lt;65 years; 60% female; 27% Hispanic, Black, or other minorities; and 69% with ≥2 comorbidities. Rivaroxaban was well tolerated. Disease progression rates were 46 of 222 (20.7%) in rivaroxaban vs 44 of 222 (19.8%) in placebo groups, with a risk difference of –1.0 (95% confidence interval, −6.4 to 8.4; P = .78).

Conclusions
We did not demonstrate an impact of rivaroxaban on disease progression in high-risk adults with mild COVID-19. There remains a critical public health gap in identifying scalable effective therapies for high-risk people in the outpatient setting to prevent COVID-19 progression.
Podocyturia in Fabry disease: a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Vujkovac Bojan , Srebotnik Kirbiš Irena , Keber Tajda , Cokan Vujkovac Andreja , Tretjak Martin , Radoš Krnel Sandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked disorder of sphingolipid metabolism that results in chronic proteinuric nephropathy. Podocytes are one of the most affected renal cells and play an important role in the development and progression of kidney disease. Detached podocytes found in urine (podocyturia) are considered as a non-invasive early marker of kidney injury; however, the dynamics of podocyte loss remains unknown.MethodsIn this 10-year follow-up study, podocyturia and other renal clinical data were evaluated in 39 patients with FD. From 2009 to 2019, podocyturia was assessed in 566 fresh urine samples from 13 male and 26 female FD patients using immunocytochemical detection of podocalyxin.ResultsPodocyturia (number of podocytes per 100 mL of urine) was found in 311/566 (54.9%) of the samples, more frequently (68.9 ± 21.9% versus 50.6 ± 25.9%; P = 0.035) and with higher values (364 ± 286 versus 182 ± 180 number of podocytes per gram of creatinine (Cr) in urine; P = 0.020) in males compared with females. The mean number of assessed samples for each patient was 14.5 (range 3–40) and the frequency of samples with podocyturia ranged from 0% to 100% (median 57%). Podocyturia was already present in 42.9% of patients &lt;20 years of age and in 89.5% of normoalbuminuric patients. Podocyturia correlated with albuminuria (urine albumin:Cr ratio) (r = 0.20, P &lt; 0.001) and a higher incidence and values of podocyturia were observed in patients with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that podocyturia is an early clinical event in the development of nephropathy. In addition, we found podocyturia to be a discontinuous event with wide variability.
Lagrangian Multiforms for Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) and the Gelfand–Dickey Hierarchy
Authors: Sleigh Duncan , Nijhoff Frank W , Caudrelier Vincent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present, for the first time, a Lagrangian multiform for the complete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy—a single variational object that generates the whole hierarchy and encapsulates its integrability. By performing a reduction on this Lagrangian multiform, we also obtain Lagrangian multiforms for the Gelfand–Dickey hierarchy of hierarchies, comprising, among others, the Korteweg–de Vries and Boussinesq hierarchies.
Distribution, Dynamics, and Diversity of Questing Ticks in the Lower Midwest
Authors: Wojan Chris , Thrasher Thomas , Lacey Evan , Clay Keith 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of medically important tick species in southcentral Indiana in 2018 and 2019. In recent decades, both Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) (Linnaeus) and Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) (Say) have been expanding their ranges into the Midwest. We report updates to the status of A. americanum, I. scapularis, and Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) (Say) across 13 counties in southern and south-central Indiana. We found more northerly establishment of A. americanum and more widespread establishment of I. scapularis than previously reported in the literature. We also provide the first report of Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) (Koch) in Indiana. Using negative binomial regression, we observed significant spatial variation among sampling sites in A. americanum adults and nymphs, D. variabilis adults, and I. scapularis nymphs. Further, we found higher densities of A. americanum nymphs and I. scapularis adults in more forested areas as opposed to less forested, more developed areas. We did not find significant interannual variation in tick densities for any species. More southern sites featured higher densities of A. americanum adults and nymphs, D. variabilis adults, and I. scapularis nymphs than more northern sites. Seasonally, we observed the highest peaks in tick activity in the spring and early summer, but I. scapularis adults were most common in the early spring and fall. Average adult A. americanum and adult D. variabilis densities were positively correlated at our sites. Our results reflect the northward expansion of A. americanum in the Lower Midwest, as well as the increasing geographic prevalence of I. scapularis in the region.
A more sustainable urban future calls for action: the city of Lahti as European Green Capital 2021
Authors: MacGregor-Fors Ian , García-Arroyo Michelle , Kotze D Johan , Ojala Elina , Setälä Heikki , Vauramo Saara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In 2020, a small urban center from southern Finland, the City of Lahti, was awarded the 2021 European Green Capital, which recognizes and rewards local efforts that seek to improve the urban environment, together with its economy and the quality of life for its inhabitants, further posing ambitious goals for ecological improvement. In this commentary, we describe some of the key elements that made Lahti the 2021 European Green Capital, as well as some of the future plans for the city. We also highlight the importance of research-based knowledge as the foundation for achieving better outcomes in urban decision making.
Scattered seeding of CAR T cells in solid tumors augments anticancer efficacy
Authors: Li Hongjun , Wang Zejun , Ogunnaike Edikan A , Wu Qing , Chen Guojun , Hu Quanyin , Ci Tianyuan , Chen Zhaowei , Wang Jinqiang , Wen Di , Du Hongwei , Jiang Jie , Sun Jie , Zhang Xingcai , Dotti Gianpietro , Gu Zhen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy was a milestone in the treatment of relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies. However, beneficial effects of CAR T cells have not been obtained in solid tumors yet. Herein, we implement a porous microneedle patch that accommodates CAR T cells and allows in situ penetration-mediated seeding of CAR T cells when implanted in the tumor bed or in the post-surgical resection cavity. CAR T cells loaded in the pores of the microneedle tips were readily escorted to the tumor in an evenly scattered manner without losing their activity. Such microneedle-mediated local delivery enhanced infiltration and immunostimulation of CAR T cells as compared to direct intratumoral injection. This tailorable patch offers a transformative platform for scattered seeding of living cells for treating a variety of tumors.
Integrated ‘all-in-one’ strategy to stabilize zinc anodes for high-performance zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Li Canpeng , Xie Xuesong , Liu Hui , Wang Pinji , Deng Canbin , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many optimization strategies have been employed to stabilize zinc anodes of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Although these commonly used strategies can improve anode performance, they simultaneously induce specific issues. In this study, through the combination of structural design, interface modification, and electrolyte optimization, an ‘all-in-one’ (AIO) electrode was developed. Compared to the three-dimensional (3D) anode in routine liquid electrolytes, the new AIO electrode can greatly suppress gas evolution and the occurrence of side reactions induced by active water molecules, while retaining the merits of a 3D anode. Moreover, the integrated AIO strategy achieves a sufficient electrode/electrolyte interface contact area, so that the electrode can promote electron/ion transfer, and ensure a fast and complete redox reaction. As a result, it achieves excellent shelving-restoring ability (60 hours, four times) and 1200 cycles of long-term stability without apparent polarization. When paired with two common cathode materials used in ZIBs (α-MnO2 and NH4V4O10), full batteries with the AIO electrode demonstrate high capacity and good stability. The strategy of the ‘all-in-one’ architectural design is enlightened to solve the issues of zinc anodes in advanced Zn-based batteries.
Subcutaneous Aspergillus nodule with cutaneous Enterococcus infection
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Yamanaka Keiichi 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
An 87-year-old woman presented with a subcutaneous nodule with overlying black and yellow scales on the surface located on the left forearm. Enterococcus faecalis grew up in bacterial culture using specimen from skin surface scale. And Aspergillus fumigatus was detected in the subcutaneous tissue culture. When suspecting a deep infection, not only the surface part but also the deeper part must be cultured, because we may mislead about the identity of the infectious organism only bacterial culture form skin surface.
Right lung complete atelectasis: an endotracheal tube displacement complication
Authors: Dimos Apostolos , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Triposkiadis Filippos 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
A 78-year-old, overweight woman with a severe individual history of the cardiovascular system was admitted in the intensive care unit with acute pulmonary edema. Despite appropriate emergency treatment, the patient did not show any clinical improvement and emergency intubation was decided. Post-intubation physical examination revealed dullness to percussion, absent breath sounds and reduced chest excursion of the right hemithorax combined with a gradual drop in blood pressure and oxygen saturation. An emergency chest X-ray showed opacification of the entire right lung and an ipsilateral shift of the mediastinum. Improvement of the patient’s respiratory and hemodynamic status was observed immediately after the partial withdrawal of the tube. Tube displacement is a relative frequent complication and concerns mainly the right main bronchus due to anatomical procedures. However, the above case is a rare case of tube displacement in the left main bronchus, which led to total atelectasis of the rightlung.
Caring for children and youth from Canada’s military families
Authors: Cramm Heidi , Mahar Alyson , Tam-Seto Linna , Rowan-Legg Anne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The lives of Canada’s military families are characterized by persistent stressors that can play a role in the health and development of children and youth. Military families are cared for by civilian physicians who may not be aware of this unique experience and risk. Our study sought to explore the knowledge and experiences of paediatricians providing care to Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) families.

Methods
A 14-item survey was disseminated electronically by the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) to all 2799 Canadian paediatricians and paediatric specialists registered with the CPSP. Questions were focused on: knowledge of CAF families; the impact of the military on family care; confidence in providing care to CAF families; and training/education needs.

Results
A total of 774 (28%) completed surveys were received. Approximately one third of respondents incorrectly believed that CAF families receive services from the federal military healthcare system. Nearly one quarter did not feel that identifying for military status informed patient care. Over half of respondents do not feel adequately prepared to provide care to CAF families.

Discussion
Findings from this exploratory study suggest that additional resources and training would benefit the care of CAF families.

Conclusion
CAF families experience a collection of risk factors that may negatively affect their health and access to services. The survey findings provide evidence of a need to further military literacy amongst Canadian paediatricians and provide direction for the development of enhanced resources and supports.
Milling as a route to porous graphitic carbons from biomass
Authors: Hunter R. D. , Davies J. , Hérou S. J. A. , Kulak A. , Schnepp Z. 
Published: September 2021

This paper reports a simple way to produce porous graphitic carbons from a wide range of lignocellulosic biomass sources, including nut shells, softwood sawdust, seed husks and bamboo. Biomass precursors are milled and sieved to produce fine powders and are then converted to porous graphitic carbons by iron-catalysed graphitization. Graphitizing the raw (unmilled) biomass creates carbons that are diverse in their porosity and adsorption properties. This is due to the inability of the iron catalyst precursor to penetrate the structure of dense biomass material. Milling enables much more efficient impregnation of the biomass and produces carbons with homogeneous properties. Lignocellulosic biomass (particularly waste biomass) is an attractive precursor to technologically important porous graphitic carbons as it is abundant and renewable. This simple method for preparing the biomass enables a wide range of biomass sources to be used to produce carbons with homogeneous properties.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 2)’.
Street images classification according to COVID-19 risk in Lima, Peru: A convolutional neural networks analysis
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M , Santa Cruz Jose Francisco Hernández 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used in clinical medicine (e.g., to classify chest X-rays for COVID-19 diagnosis). Whether CNNs could also inform the epidemiology of COVID-19 analysing street images has been understudied, though it could identify high-risk places and relevant features of the built environment. We trained CNNs to classify bus stops (Lima, Peru) into moderate or extreme COVID-19 risk.MethodsWe used five images per bus stop. The outcome label (moderate or extreme) for each bus stop was extracted from the local transport authority. We used transfer learning and updated the output layer of five CNNs: NASNetLarge, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, ResNet152V2, and ResNet101V2. We chose the best performing network which was further tuned to increase performance.ResultsThere were 1,788 bus stops (1,173 moderate and 615 extreme), totalling 8,940 images. NASNetLarge outperformed the other CNNs except in the recall metric for the extreme label: 57% versus 59% in NASNetLarge and ResNet152V2, respectively. NASNetLarge was further tuned and reached: training loss of 0.50; training accuracy of 75%; precision, recall and F1 score for the moderate label of 80%, 83% and 82%, respectively; these metrics for the extreme label were 65%, 51% and 63%.ConclusionsCNNs has the potential to accurately classify street images into levels of COVID-19 risk. In addition to applications in clinical medicine, CNNs and street images could also advance the epidemiology of COVID-19 at the population level.
Low dose prime and delayed boost can improve COVID-19 vaccine efficacies by increasing B cell selection stringency in germinal centres
Authors: Garg Amar K. , Mittal Soumya , Padmanabhan Pranesh , Desikan Rajat , Dixit Narendra M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines appears to depend in complex ways on the vaccine dosage and the interval between the prime and boost doses. Unexpectedly, lower dose prime and longer prime-boost intervals have yielded higher efficacies in clinical trials. To elucidate the origins of these effects, we developed a stochastic simulation model of the germinal centre (GC) reaction and predicted the antibody responses elicited by different vaccination protocols. The simulations predicted that a lower dose prime could increase the selection stringency in GCs due to reduced antigen availability, resulting in the selection of GC B cells with higher affinities for the target antigen. The boost could relax this selection stringency and allow the expansion of the higher affinity GC B cells selected, improving the overall response. With a longer dosing interval, the decay in the antigen with time following the prime could further increase the selection stringency, amplifying this effect. The effect remained in our simulations even when new GCs following the boost had to be seeded by memory B cells formed following the prime. These predictions offer a plausible explanation of the observed paradoxical effects of dosage and dosing interval on vaccine efficacy. Tuning the selection stringency in the GCs using prime-boost dosages and dosing intervals as handles may help improve vaccine efficacies.