bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When and Why Do Employers (Re)Hire Employees Beyond Normal Retirement Age?
Authors: Tunney Orlaith C , Oude Mulders Jaap 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Older workers are increasingly being encouraged to work beyond normal retirement age (NRA). Given that employers generally control opportunities for employees to work beyond NRA, better understanding their motivations, attitudes, and experiences in (re)hiring employees to work beyond NRA is vital. To date, however, research investigating employment beyond NRA has primarily focused on the perspective and experiences of employees. In this study, we analyzed data from a 2017 survey of 1,214 Dutch employers to examine whether workplace social norms, employers’ concerns related to workforce aging, and structural organizational characteristics were related to whether or not they employed working retirees. We found that workplace norms about working beyond NRA, concerns about career opportunities for younger workers, and structural characteristics such as organizational size, sector, and proportion of female and older workers in the organization were significantly associated with whether or not organizations employed workers beyond NRA. In the second, exploratory, phase of our analysis, we investigated attitudes and approaches toward workers beyond NRA among those who had previously employed such workers. Most employers agree that they mainly (re)hire workers with unique knowledge or experience to work beyond NRA and that employees usually take the initiative in prolonging employment. Employers’ opinions on whether employees working beyond NRA should accept a pay cut or block the progress of other employees are more mixed. Insights gained from the current research can help guide future research and policy to support longer working lives, from both employee and employer perspectives, even beyond normal retirement age.
Effect of early hyperoxemia on mortality in mechanically ventilated septic shock patients according to Sepsis-3 criteria: analysis of the MIMIC-III database
Authors: Popoff Benjamin , Besnier Emmanuel , Dureuil Bertrand , Veber Benoit , Clavier Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Background and importance
Hyperoxemia may be associated with increased mortality in emergency room or ICU patients. However, its effect during septic shock is still debated.

Objective
To evaluate the effect of hyperoxemia on ICU mortality, during the first 24 h of ICU stay, in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock according to SEPSIS-3 criteria.

Design, settings and participants
A retrospective cohort study of ICU admissions recorded in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III, a retrospective ICU database, was performed.

Intervention
Two oxygen exposures during the first 24 h were compared: average PaO2 (TWA-PaO2) between 70 and 120 mmHg in the normoxemia group and above 120 mmHg in the hyperoxemia group.

Outcome measures and analysis
The primary outcome was mortality during ICU stay.

Main results
Four hundred eighty-eight ICU admissions met the inclusion criteria: 214 in the normoxemia group and 274 in the hyperoxemia group. The median TWA-PaO2 was 99.1 (88.9–107.6) mmHg in the normoxemia group and 151.5 (133.6–180.2) mmHg in the hyperoxemia group. ICU mortality was lower in the hyperoxemia group than in the normoxemia group in univariate analysis [29.6 vs. 39.7%, respectively; OR 0.64 (0.44–0.93); P = 0.024], but not in multivariate analysis [OR 0.98 (0.62–1.56); P = 0.93]. There was no difference between the two groups in ICU length of stay [8.0 (4.3–15.0) vs. 8.4 (4.7–15.0) days; P = 0.82].

Conclusion
We did not find any impact of early hyperoxemia on mortality in this population of mechanically ventilated patients with SEPSIS-3 septic shock criteria.
Social Support Is Inversely Associated With Sleep Disturbance, Inflammation, and Pain Severity in Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Saravanan Anitha , Bajaj Prempreet , Mathews Herbert L. , Tell Dina , Starkweather Angela , Janusek Linda 
Published: July 2021

Background
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a significant cause of disability, lost wages, and healthcare costs. Inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been associated with LBP severity. Patients with CLBP commonly experience sleep disturbance, and poor sleep has been shown to increase pain severity and inflammation. In contrast, social support may benefit patients with CLBP by reducing pain intensity and inflammation.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of social support on the relationships among sleep disturbance, inflammation, and pain severity in patients with CLBP.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, men and women with CLBP were enrolled from an outpatient pain clinic. Participants completed psychometric instruments for social support, sleep quality, and pain severity. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 by enzyme-linked immunoassay.

Results
Linear regression revealed greater sleep disturbance predicted greater pain severity. In contrast, participants who reported higher social support had lower sleep disturbance and lower pain severity. Mediation analysis revealed sleep disturbance to mediate the relationship between social support and pain, such that sleep disturbance reduced the benefit of social support on pain severity. Furthermore, greater sleep disturbance and lower social support predicted increased IL-6. However, IL-6 did not mediate the relationship between social support and pain.

Discussion
The findings suggest that increased social support is associated with lower sleep disturbance, lower inflammation, and lower pain severity in patients with CLBP. Assessing the extent of social support and fostering social support as part of a comprehensive pain management program may benefit patients with CLBP. Interventions to strengthen social support systems and cultivate support from family and/or informal social networks may reduce symptom burden and improve quality of life.
68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Liver With Elevated AFP Level
Authors: Ergül Nurhan , Yılmaz Burçak , Cin Merve , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 68-year-old woman with a mass lesion in right hepatic lobe had an elevated α-fetoprotein level (>54,000 ng/mL). The lesion showed higher 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 uptake than 18F-FDG uptake in consecutive PET/CT images. The histopathological examination revealed neuroendocrine carcinoma with Ki-67 proliferation index of 80%.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT to Distinguish Brain Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma From Radiation Necrosis After Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Filizoglu Nuh , Cetin Ilknur Alsan , Kissa Tugba Nergiz , Niftaliyeva Khanim , Ones Tunc 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the kidney. Approximately 35% of patients of RCC presents with distant metastasis at initial evaluation. CT and MRI are the mainstay imaging modalities. Distinguishing radiation necrosis from tumor progression after stereotactic radiosurgery is challenging. Herein, we present a case of a 43-year-old man with RCC who was treated with stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases. We want to emphasize the potential value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging in the differential diagnosis and follow-up of tumor progression from radiation necrosis in RCC patients.
Tumor Thrombus on 18F-FDG PET/CT in Stage IV Plasmablastic Lymphoma
Authors: Jacquet Thibaut , Huchet Virginie , Bedoui Manel , Jehanno Nina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 71-year-old woman with a history of back pain and recent weight loss presented to the emergency department with hematuria. A CT scan was performed and showed left retroperitoneal mass with left renal vein thrombus extended to the vena cava. Tumor biopsy revealed plasmablastic lymphoma. Staging with 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was performed and revealed pulmonary, hepatic, and left supraclavicular lymph node extension. The left retroperitoneal mass showed intense FDG uptake and was associated with widespread tumor thrombus in the peripheral abdominal veins. Differentiating tumor thrombus from bland thrombosis has a significant impact on patient’s management.
Diffuse Linear Pattern of Pericardial FDG Activity in Pericardial Metastasis From Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jun , Gao Jun , Dong Aisheng , Wang Yang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pericardial metastasis usually shows focal pericardial FDG activity. Diffuse linear pattern of pericardial FDG activity is uncommon. We present a case of pericardial metastasis from squamous cell lung carcinoma showing diffuse linear pericardial FDG activity mimicking tuberculous pericarditis.
Complete Resolution of Disease After Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in a Patient of Metastatic Insulinoma
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Malhotra Gaurav , Dodamani Manjunath H. , Lila Anurag R. , Asopa Ramesh V. , Bandgar Tushar R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 48-year-old man, a case of metastatic insulinoma, who failed transarterial chemoembolization of liver metastases underwent multiple cycles of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE, following which a complete morphologic and metabolic response was demonstrated on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. Patient had a remarkable improvement in his quality of life as intractable hypoglycemic episodes resolved after treatment. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is a promising targeted radionuclide therapy in patients of metastatic insulinomas that can result in reduced tumor burden and improved quality of life, particularly those who fail the conventional treatment modalities as seen in the present case.
A Stromal Tumor Presenting as a Pseudoaneurysmal Dilation of the Small Bowel Mimicking a Lymphoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xiao Liu , Wang Yueqi , Li Lin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An 84-year-old woman visited our hospital with hematochezia for 1 month. Abdominal CT and FDG PET/CT showed local thickening of the small intestine, resembling an intestinal aneurysmal dilatation. Thus, a lymphoma was suspected, and surgical resection was performed. The final pathology revealed an exophytic small bowel stromal tumor with perforation, causing pseudoaneurysmal dilation of the small bowel. This case emphasized the importance of considering a small bowel stromal tumor when faced with similar FDG PET/CT findings.
11C-Methionine Uptake in the Lactating Human Breast
Authors: Michler Enrico , Hilliger Stephan , Kopka Klaus , Kotzerke Jörg 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 33-year-old nursing mother who underwent resection of a glioblastoma of the right hemisphere was referred for a 11C-methionine PET/MR scan to exclude cancer recurrence. In whole-body PET imaging, a slight radiotracer uptake could be observed in the mammary glands, reflecting lactation status. In this case report, we initially describe 11C-methionine uptake in the human breast and discuss any consequences arising from this special situation.
Functional connectivity pre-post exercise intervention in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Saadat Nazanin , Mayo Chantel D. , Lacey Colleen , Gawryluk Jodie R. 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Exercise interventions have emerged as a promising approach for managing symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, changes in brain function underlying exercise-related improvements in symptoms of MS have not been fully investigated, and in no instances have they been investigated using a graph theory approach. For the first time, the effects of an exercise intervention on functional brain network connectivity were examined using graph theory analyses of resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data among individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Methods
Resting-state fMRI data were obtained from 10 participants before and after 12 weeks of a speeded walking intervention. Functional connectivity data were preprocessed in Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI Advanced (DPARSF A version 4.2) and analyzed in GraphVar2.02 to compute global and local graph theory metrics. To examine differences in graph metrics before and after the intervention, one-sample permutation tests were performed.

Results
There were no significant pre to post exercise intervention changes in global metrics. Changes in local metrics (i.e. clustering coefficient, local efficiency, degree centrality and betweenness centrality) were mixed, with both increases and decreases observed.

Conclusion
Following a 12-week speeded walking exercise intervention, there were no significant increases or decreases in global graph metrics and results at the level of local metrics were equivocal in individuals with RRMS. Further research with experimental designs that include baseline and longitudinal follow-up, as well as larger sample sizes, is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of symptom improvement following exercise in RRMS.
Evaluating discharges and readmissions using a COVID Virtual Ward model: a retrospective data study assessing patient outcomes and the likely staffing commitment
Authors: Gallier Suzy , Atkin Catherine , Reddy-Kolanu Vinay , Parekh Dhruv , Zou Xiaoxu , Evison Felicity , Ball Simon , Sapey Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 has placed a catastrophic burden on acute hospitals. In an attempt to reduce admissions and enable safe early discharge, a COVID virtual ward (CVW) care pathway has been supported by NHS England. This includes discharging people who meet objective criteria based on acuity scores and oxygen saturations, with pulse oximeters and daily phone calls for up to 14 days. Observational studies have reported the safety of this system, but without describing the outcomes from usual care.MethodsA retrospective study using routinely collected health data from all adults with a confirmed positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) swab result between 1st June 2020 and 31st Jan 2021 who attended the Emergency Department or Acute Medical Unit at QEHB, which does not have a CVW service. Criteria for CVW were applied using data from the first 24 hours of presentation to hospital and subsequent health outcomes were included for 28 days, including re-presentation, re-admission, ITU escalation and death. Results were compared to reported studies based in secondary care.ResultsDuring the study period, 26,127 patients presented to QEHB hospital. 2301 had a positive SARS-CoV-2 swab. Of these, 1730 (75.2%) did not meet the criteria for the CVW and 571 (24.8%) did. Of the 571, 325 (56.9%) were discharged home within 24 hours and 246 (43.1%) were admitted for 24 hours or longer. Those admitted were older, with increased co-morbidities, 80.9% required hospital-supported acute therapies after the first 24 hours and 10.6% died. Of the 325 discharged, 44 were readmitted (13.5%), 30 (9.2%) with COVID-related symptoms, 5 (1.5%) required ITU and 1 patient (0.3%) died. These results were comparable to published studies with a CVW service.DiscussionIn the current study, discharging patients without a CVW did not confer a greater risk of re-presentation, re-admission, ITU escalation or death. The majority of patients who remained in hospital despite meeting the CVW criteria did so for the provision of treatments or acute assessments. It remains uncertain whether a CVW delivers improvements in hard outcomes, and further research is needed.
HLA-dependent variation in SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cell cross-reactivity with human coronaviruses
Authors: Buckley Paul R. , Lee Chloe H. , Pinho Mariana Pereira , Babu Rosana Ottakandathil , Woo Jeongmin , Antanaviciute Agne , Simmons Alison , Ogg Graham , Koohy Hashem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPre-existing T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in several studies. While emerging evidence hints toward prior exposure to common-cold human coronaviruses (HCoV), the extent of- and conditions for-cross-protective immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs remain open. Here, by leveraging a comprehensive pool of publicly available functionally evaluated SARS-CoV-2 peptides, we report 126 immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 peptides with high sequence similarity to 285 MHC-presented target peptides from at least one of four HCoV, thus providing a map describing the landscape of SARS-CoV-2 shared and private immunogenic peptides with functionally validated T cell responses. Using this map, we show that while SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic peptides in general exhibit higher level of dissimilarity to both self-proteome and -microbiomes, there exist several SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic peptides with high similarity to various human protein coding genes, some of which have been reported to have elevated expression in severe COVID-19 patients. We then combine our map with a SARS-CoV-2-specific TCR repertoire data from COVID-19 patients and healthy controls and show that whereas the public repertoire for the majority of convalescent patients are dominated by TCRs cognate to private SARS-CoV-2 peptides, for a subset of patients, more than 50% of their public repertoires that show reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, consist of TCRs cognate to shared SARS-CoV-2-HCoV peptides. Further analyses suggest that the skewed distribution of TCRs cognate to shared and private peptides in COVID-19 patients is likely to be HLA-dependent. Finally, by utilising the global prevalence of HLA alleles, we provide 10 peptides with known cognate TCRs that are conserved across SARS-CoV-2 and multiple human coronaviruses and are predicted to be recognised by a high proportion of the global population. Overall, our work indicates the potential for HCoV-SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD8+T cells, which is likely dependent on differences in HLA-coding genes among individuals. These findings may have important implications for COVID-19 heterogeneity and vaccine-induced immune responses as well as robustness of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
Quantification of spatial subclonal interactions enhancing the invasive phenotype of paediatric glioma
Authors: Tari Haider , Kessler Ketty , Trahearn Nicholas , Werner Benjamin , Vinci Maria , Jones Chris , Sottoriva Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntra-tumour heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of all cancers. In some cases, such variation can be maintained by interactions between tumour subclones with distinct molecular and phenotypic characteristics. In paediatric gliomas, interactions can take the form of enhanced invasive phenotype, a hallmark of these malignancies. However, subclonal interactions are hard to quantify and difficult to distinguish from spatial confounding factors and experimental bias. Here we combine spatial computational modelling of cellular interactions and invasion, with co-evolution experiments of clonally disassembled primary glioma lines derived at autopsy. We design a Bayesian inference framework to quantify spatial subclonal interactions between molecular and phenotypically distinct lineages with different patterns of invasion. We show how this approach could discriminate genuine subclonal interactions where one clone enhanced the invasive phenotype of another, from apparent interactions that were only due to the complex dynamics of subclones growing in space. This study provides a new approach for the identification and quantification of spatial subclonal interactions in cancer.
Joint interactions with humans may pose a higher risk of zoonotic outbreaks than interactions with conspecifics among wildlife populations at human-wildlife interfaces
Authors: Balasubramaniam Krishna N. , Aiempichitkijkarn Nalina , Kaburu Stefano S. K. , Marty Pascal R. , Beisner Brianne A. , Bliss-Moreau Eliza , Arlet Malgorzata E. , Atwill Edward , McCowan Brenda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPandemics caused by wildlife-origin pathogens, like COVID-19, highlight the importance of understanding the ecology of zoonotic transmission and outbreaks among wildlife populations at human-wildlife interfaces. To-date, the relative effects of human-wildlife and wildlife-wildlife interactions on the likelihood of such outbreaks remain unclear.In this study, we used social network analysis and epidemiological Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) models, to track zoonotic outbreaks through wild animals’ joint propensities to engage in social-ecological co-interactions with humans, and their social grooming interactions with conspecifics.We collected behavioral and demographic data on 10 groups of macaques (Macacaspp.) living in (peri)urban environments across Asia. Outbreak sizes predicted by the SIR models were related to structural features of the social networks, and particular properties of individual animals’ connectivity within those networks.Outbreak sizes were larger when the first-infected animal was highly central, in both types of networks. Across host-species, particularly for rhesus and bonnet macaques, the effects of network centrality on outbreak sizes were stronger through macaques’ human co-interaction networks compared to grooming networks.Our findings, independent of pathogen-transmissibility, suggest that wildlife populations in the Anthropocene are vulnerable to zoonosis more so due to their propensities to aggregate around anthropogenic factors than their gregariousness with conspecifics. Thus, the costs of zoonotic outbreaks may outweigh the potential/perceived benefits of jointly interacting with humans to procure anthropogenic food. From One Health perspectives, animals that consistently interact with both humans and conspecifics across time and space are useful targets for disease spillover assessments and control.
Viral receptor profiles of masked palm civet revealed by single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Chen Dongsheng , Ou Zhihua , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Yanan , Zhu Jiacheng , An Fuyu , Xu Jinqian , Ding Xiangning , Ding Peiwen , Luo Lihua , Wu Weiying , Qin Qiuyu , Wei Yanan , Zhao Wandong , Lv Zhiyuan , Lan Tianming , Li Meiling , Zhang Wensheng , Liu Huan , Hua Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCivets are small mammals belonging to the family Viverridae. The masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) served as an intermediate host in the bat-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 20031. Because of their unique role in the SARS outbreak, civets were suspected as a potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides their susceptibility to coronaviruses, civets can also be infected by other viruses, such as canine distemper viruses2, parvoviruses3, influenza viruses4, etc. Regarding the ecological and economical role of civets, it is vital to evaluate the potential threats from different pathogens to these animals. Receptor binding is a necessary step for virus entry into host cells. Understanding the distribution of receptors of various viruses provides hints to their potential tissue tropisms. Herein, we characterized the cell atlas of five important organs (the frontal lobe, lung, liver, spleen and kidney) of masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) and described the expression profiles of receptor associated genes of 132 viruses from 25 families, including 16 viruses from 10 families reported before that can attack civets and 116 viruses with little infection record.