bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease-Relevant Single Cell Photonic Signatures Identify S100β Stem Cells and their Myogenic Progeny in Vascular Lesions
Authors: Molony Claire , King Damien , Di Luca Mariana , Kitching Michael , Olayinka Abidemi , Hakimjavadi Roya , Julius Lourdes A. N. , Fitzpatrick Emma , Gusti Yusof , Burtenshaw Denise , Healy Killian , Finlay Emma K. , Kernan David , Llobera Andreu , Liu Weimin , Morrow David , Redmond Eileen M. , Ducrée Jens , Cahill Paul A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA hallmark of subclinical atherosclerosis is the accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC)-like cells leading to intimal thickening and lesion formation. While medial SMCs contribute to vascular lesions, the involvement of resident vascular stem cells (vSCs) remains unclear. We evaluated single cell photonics as a discriminator of cell phenotype in vitro before the presence of vSC within vascular lesions was assessed ex vivo using supervised machine learning and further validated using lineage tracing analysis. Using a novel lab-on-a-Disk(Load) platform, label-free single cell photonic emissions from normal and injured vessels ex vivo were interrogated and compared to freshly isolated aortic SMCs, cultured Movas SMCs, macrophages, B-cells, S100β+ mVSc, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their respective myogenic progeny across five broadband light wavelengths (λ465 - λ670 ± 20 nm). We found that profiles were of sufficient coverage, specificity, and quality to clearly distinguish medial SMCs from different vascular beds (carotid vs aorta), discriminate normal carotid medial SMCs from lesional SMC-like cells ex vivo following flow restriction, and identify SMC differentiation of a series of multipotent stem cells following treatment with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF- β1), the Notch ligand Jagged1, and Sonic Hedgehog using multivariate analysis, in part, due to photonic emissions from enhanced collagen III and elastin expression. Supervised machine learning supported genetic lineage tracing analysis of S100β+ vSCs and identified the presence of S100β+vSC-derived myogenic progeny within vascular lesions. We conclude disease-relevant photonic signatures may have predictive value for vascular disease.
Graphical abstract
Roles Played by YY1 in Embryonic, Adult and Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Martinez-Ruiz Gustavo Ulises , Morales-Sanchez Abigail , Pacheco-Hernandez Angel Francisco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence strongly indicates that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) leads to the emergence of worse clinical scenarios, such as chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. CSCs are a highly tumorigenic population characterized by self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Thus, CSCs establish a hierarchical intratumor organization that enables tumor adaptation to evade the immune response and resist anticancer therapy. YY1 functions as a transcription factor, RNA-binding protein, and 3D chromatin regulator. Thus, YY1 has multiple effects and regulates several molecular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of lethal YY1-mediated cancer phenotypes is associated with the presence of or enrichment in cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate whether and to what extent YY1 regulates the CSC phenotype. Since CSCs mirror the phenotypic behavior of stem cells, we initially describe the roles played by YY1 in embryonic and adult stem cells. Next, we scrutinize evidence supporting the contributions of YY1 in CSCs from a number of various cancer types. Finally, we identify new areas for further investigation into the YY1-CSCs axis, including the participation of YY1 in the CSC niche.
Graphical Abstract
Depth Determınatıon From Gravıty Data Usıng Radıal Amplıtude Spectrum: The Dikili (İzmir) Geothermal Area
Authors: Timur Emre , Sarı Coşkun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Dikili geothermal area, in the northern part of Izmir province, is one of the best known geothermal areas in Western Anatolia. This study attempts to analyze and interpret Bouguer gravity data to determine average structural depth values and assess geothermal resources using the Radial Amplitude Spectrum Method (RASM), based on 2D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. We selected four different areas to apply the method. The greatest advantage of this method over the conventional power spectrum method is that it can determine the mean depth from 2D FFT spectra, not using a single cross-section taken in one direction. Thus, the user can select an area rather than a direction and average depth can be determined more accurately. The results show that average depth values of the top of the reservoir vary between 314 and 640 m in the region.
Private-label sustainable supplier selection using a fuzzy entropy-VIKOR-based approach
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Linze , Zhang Jing , Chen Liping , Chen Guojiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, private labels have been the focus of great development in retail due to their price advantage and consumer-oriented production. With growing customer awareness of safety and health, private-label sustainable supplier selection has become a strategic issue for many retailers. Although there are many studies on supplier selection issues and evaluation methods, studies on the sustainability and consumption sectors are rather limited. Therefore, a novel three-phase MCDM model for private-label supplier selection compliance with sustainability criteria is proposed. First, the Delphi method is used to construct a criteria system based on a detailed literature review. Then, an integrated weight algorithm is suggested, in which objective weights are based on attributes’ entropy measurements, and subjective weights are derived from decision-makers’ preferences. Eventually, during evaluation, a fuzzy set extended in VIKOR is exploited by considering the vagueness of decision makers’ expressions. The results from a case study then show that green packaging and labelling, relationship with manufacturing brand, order flexibility, and product traceability are the most important criteria in retail private-label supplier selection. The flexibility and reliability of the proposed model are also demonstrated in a practical case of supplier evaluation.
Corporate Governance of Banks and Financial Institutions: Economic Theory, Supervisory Practice, Evidence and Policy
Authors: Hopt Klaus J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBanks are special, and so is the corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions. Empirical evidence, mostly gathered after the financial crisis, confirms this. Banks practicing good corporate governance in the traditional, shareholder-oriented style fared less well than banks having less shareholder-prone boards and less shareholder influence. The special governance of banks and other financial institutions is firmly embedded in bank supervisory law and regulation. Most recently there has been intense discussion on the purpose of (non-bank) corporations. For banks stakeholder governance and, more particularly, creditor or debtholder governance is more important than shareholder governance. The implications of this for research and reform are still uncertain. A key problem is the composition and qualification of the board. The legislative task is to enhance independent as well as qualified control. The proposal of giving creditors and even supervisors a special seat in the board is not convincing. Other important special issues of bank governance are for example the duties and liabilities of bank directors in particular as far as risk and compliance are concerned, but also the remuneration paid to bank directors and senior managers or key function holders. Claw-back provisions, either imposed by law or introduced by banks themselves, exist already in certain countries and are beneficial. Much depends on enforcement, an understudied topic.
Local Variation in Gendered Family Policy Use: Evidence of Local Gender Contracts?
Authors: Haandrikman Karen , Duvander Ann-Zofie , Webster Natasha A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA central and unique part of Sweden’s family policy programme is care leave that working parents can use when children are sick and cannot attend (pre)school. The gender-equal policy entails that parents may divide the leave as they see fit. However, mothers and fathers do not share care leave equally and care leave patterns may vary geographically. The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction between gendered care leave and geographical context using the theory of gender contracts. We ask how geographical variation in fathers’ share of care leave varies by scale, and how both individual factors and geographical determinants, representing local gender contracts, are associated with fathers’ share of care leave. Distinctive from previous work, we use geocoded full-population register data and individualized neighbourhoods at multiple scales in order to be able to better measure contextual effects on care leave use. We find substantial spatial variation in fathers’ share of care leave, with clustering depending on scale level. Using the nearest 200 fathers with young children, a factor analysis summarizes local gender contracts into three factors labelled as elite, marginalization and private sector. Results show that especially living in local gender contract areas identified as “marginalized” positively affects fathers’ share of care leave. Living in the most segregated neighbourhoods has substantial effects on fathers’ share of care leave, but overall, neighbourhood effects are moderate. A gender contract perspective shows negotiations resulting from locally clustered gendered norms and relative resources between partners influence who stays home with sick children.
Perspective: Covid-19; emerging strategies and material technologies
Authors: Ahmed Jubair , Alenezi Hussain , Edirisinghe Ursula , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt will be remembered in history as the event that brought the world together with science and technology; the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed for decades worth of progression in both healthcare policies and technology development. It has been a show of unprecedented global health policies ranging from the legal requirement for public facemask use to the use of tough movement restrictions that has bought the world’s economy to its knees. Here, we observe the impact of national lockdowns, facemask usage, and their effect on infection rates. It is clear that healthcare policies alone cannot tackle a pandemic. There is a huge pressure to develop personal protective equipment that not only has the capacity to prevent transmission but also has the ergonomics to be worn for long durations. In this work, we reveal our views and thoughts on the healthcare policies and developing materials and technology strategies that have contributed to reduce the damage of the pandemic, coming from the perspectives of materials scientists and a UK National Health Service consultant doctor.
Prediction of aircraft estimated time of arrival using machine learning methods
Authors: Basturk O. , Cetek C. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn this study, prediction of aircraft Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) is proposed using machine learning algorithms. Accurate prediction of ETA is important for management of delay and air traffic flow, runway assignment, gate assignment, collaborative decision making (CDM), coordination of ground personnel and equipment, and optimisation of arrival sequence etc. Machine learning is able to learn from experience and make predictions with weak assumptions or no assumptions at all. In the proposed approach, general flight information, trajectory data and weather data were obtained from different sources in various formats. Raw data were converted to tidy data and inserted into a relational database. To obtain the features for training the machine learning models, the data were explored, cleaned and transformed into convenient features. New features were also derived from the available data. Random forests and deep neural networks were used to train the machine learning models. Both models can predict the ETA with a mean absolute error (MAE) less than 6min after departure, and less than 3min after terminal manoeuvring area (TMA) entrance. Additionally, a web application was developed to dynamically predict the ETA using proposed models.
Management of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in the Post-International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial Era: A Single-Centre Prospective Series
Authors: Wong Alexander D. , Alubankudi Rufus , Jarrett Judith , Huynh Thien J. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Pickett Gwynedd E. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT:Background:Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) reported reduced morbidity in patients treated with endovascular coiling versus surgical clipping. However, recent studies suggest that there is no significant difference in clinical outcomes. This study examines the outcomes of either technique for treating aSAH during the 15 years post-ISAT at a Canadian quaternary centre.Methods:We reviewed prospectively collected data of patients admitted with aSAH from January 2002 to December 2017. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was compared at discharge, 6 months and 12 months’ follow-up using univariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Post-operative complications were assessed using binary logistic regression.Results:Two-hundred and eighty-seven patients were treated with coiling and 95 patients with clipping. The mean age of clipped patients was significantly younger, and hypertension was significantly commoner in coiled patients. A greater proportion of coiled aneurysms were located in the posterior circulation. No difference in the odds of having a favourable GOS was seen between patients who were clipped versus coiled at any of follow-up time points on univariate or multivariable analysis. In both treatment groups, patient recovery to independence (GOS 4–5) was seen from discharge to 6 months, but not from 6 to 12 months’ follow-up, without difference between clipping and coiling.Conclusion:These real-world findings suggest clipping remains an effective and important treatment option for patients with aSAH who do not meet ISAT inclusion criteria. The results can assist in clinical decision-making processes and understanding of the natural recovery progression of aSAH.
A Mixed-Methods Study After Multiple Disasters: September 11, 2001, World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks and Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Garrey Sascha K. , Ogunyemi Aminotu A. , Gargano Lisa M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to use a mixed-method analysis to investigate the associations between qualitative themes found in written responses and quantitative reported level of stress after Hurricane Sandy.Methods:A survey was conducted among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees 5-12 mo after Hurricane Sandy. This study included 1202 participants who completed the free-response section and answered the question on how stressful their experiences were with Hurricane Sandy and its aftermath. Content analysis was used to generate qualitative data. Mixed-methods analysis was performed using a 1-way analysis of variance test for bivariate comparisons of qualitative thematic codes and the quantitative outcome of mean Sandy stress scores.Results:Seven themes emerged from the qualitative analysis. The themes of lack of information, negative emotional response, and financial stress had higher quantitative mean Sandy stress scores compared with other themes. The theme of patriotism/gratitude had an overall lower quantitative Sandy stress scores than other themes.Conclusions:Qualitative and mixed-methods research on mental health outcomes after a disaster add new depth and findings to the existing literature. Using such methodologies to identify modifiable factors, such as improving communication during a disaster, may confer better mental health outcomes after a disaster.
Groups with infinite FC-center have the Schmidt property
Authors: KIDA YOSHIKATA , TUCKER-DROB ROBIN 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that every countable group with infinite finite conjugacy (FC)-center has the Schmidt property, that is, admits a free, ergodic, measure-preserving action on a standard probability space such that the full group of the associated orbit equivalence relation contains a non-trivial central sequence. As a consequence, every countable, inner amenable group with property (T) has the Schmidt property.
The Kampala Convention and the Protection of Persons Internally Displaced by Harmful Practices in Africa
Authors: Adeola Romola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArguably the least discussed root cause of internal displacement, harmful practices are a prevalent concern in many African societies. The explicit mention of harmful practices is one of the many innovations of the Kampala Convention and reinforce its forward-looking, context-specific focus on Africa. This article argues that the convention has an absolute prohibition of harmful practices. This is an important starting point from which to discuss the content of states’ obligation to set measures for preventing harmful practices. However, in the event that displacement occurs due to these practices, it is important that protection, humanitarian assistance and durable solutions are provided. This article argues that states must set measures for ensuring that non-state actors are held accountable in the event that they orchestrate harmful practices. In fostering compliance, this article argues that there is an important role for institutions beyond the state, particularly those emphasized under article 14 of the convention.
Quality assessment of artisanal cheeses in the northwest region of Paraná
Authors: Castilho Ana Carolina B. , Stafussa Ana Paula , Ribeiro Jéssica Caroline B. , dos Santos Pozza Magali S. , Tormo Hélène , Madrona Grasiele S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtisanal unripened cheeses produced in northwestern Paraná, Brazil, were studied for microbiological quality and sensory quality. The cheeses analyzed showed high counts of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms and S. aureus. However, even with the results showing poor microbiological quality, from a sensory point of view, consumers considered cheeses acceptable (high acceptance index). The results may indicate that there is still a lack of training and knowledge of production procedures to reduce microbiological contamination of artisanal cheese produced in northwestern Paraná.
Impact of caloric test asymmetry on response to treatment in vestibular migraine
Authors: Liu Y F , Dornhoffer J R , Donaldson L , Rizk H G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between caloric asymmetry and response to treatment in patients with vestibular migraine.MethodDizziness Handicap Inventory scores were compared between patients with less than and more than 25 per cent asymmetry (using Cohen effect size) in a cohort of definite vestibular migraine patients who underwent caloric testing between August 2016 and March 2019.ResultsA total of 31 patients (mean age: 48.7 ± 20.0 years; mean follow up: 9.1 ± 8.1 months) were included. Mean caloric asymmetry was 15.1 ± 15.6 per cent, with 6 (19.4 per cent) patients having asymmetry more than 25 per cent. Overall, patients experienced significant improvement in Dizziness Handicap Inventory total (d = 0.623 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.007, 1.216)), emotional domain (d = 0.635 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.019, 1.229)) and functional domain (d = 0.769 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.143, 1.367)) but not physical domain (d = 0.227 (95 per cent confidence interval, −0.370, 0.815)) scores. Patients with more than 25 per cent asymmetry had no significant improvement in Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores, whereas those with less than 25 per cent asymmetry had significant improvement in Dizziness Handicap Inventory functional domain scores only (d = 0.636 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.004, 1.244)).ConclusionVestibular migraine patients with peripheral vestibular weakness on caloric testing may be less likely to improve after treatment compared with those without.
Reputation on the (green) line: revisiting the ‘Plaza moment’ in United Nations peacekeeping practice, 1964–1966
Authors: Tudor Margot 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAppointing a United Nations (UN) mediator to work in tandem with the United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in March 1964 led to fundamental shifts in how the UN Secretariat inner circle orientated the organisation’s presence in Cyprus. The escalating crisis between the two communities in Cyprus and political pressure from UN member states to respond before Cold War superpower nations became engulfed, prompted the creation of UNFICYP and the recruitment of a UN mediator on 4 March 1964. This article argues that the UN leadership intended to restore member state trust following the controversial Congo mission (ONUC) and expand the organisation’s diplomatic agency through the innovation of deploying the dedicated mediator alongside the armed mission. However, the success of the meditator was diplomatically limited by the localised dynamics of the Cyprus conflict and the willingness of the Guarantor parties to surrender their sovereign imaginaries of post-colonial Cyprus. Ultimately, the experiment in field-based mediation forced the UN Secretariat leadership to acknowledge the incompatibility of appeasing all member states on one hand whilst leading field-based political negotiations with the other.
Organic Biogeochemistry in West Mata, NE Lau Hydrothermal Vent Fields
Authors: Lin H.‐T. , Butterfield D. A. , Baker E. T. , Resing J. A. , Huber J. A. , Cowen J. P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of submarine hydrothermal systems on organic carbon in the ocean—one of the largest fixed carbon reservoirs on Earth—could be profound. Yet, different vent sites show diverse fluid chemical compositions and the subsequent biological responses. Observations from various vent sites are to evaluate hydrothermal systems' impact on the ocean carbon cycle. A response cruise in May 2009 to an on‐going submarine eruption at West Mata Volcano, northeast Lau Basin, provided an opportunity to quantify the organic matter production in a back‐arc spreading hydrothermal system. Hydrothermal vent fluids contained elevated dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate nitrogen (PN) relative to background seawater. The δ13C‐POC values for suspended particles in the diffuse vent fluids (−15.5‰ and −12.3‰) are distinct from those in background seawater (−23 ± 1‰), indicative of unique carbon synthesis pathways of the vent microbes from the seawater counterparts. The first dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations reported for diffuse vents were similar to or higher than those for background seawater. Enhanced nitrogen fixation and denitrification removed 37%–89% of the total dissolved nitrogen in the recharging background seawater in the hydrothermal vent flow paths. The hydrothermal plume samples were enriched in POC and PN, indicating enhanced biological production. The total “dark” organic carbon production within the plume matches the thermodynamic prediction based on available reducing chemical substances supplied to the plume. This research combines the measured organic carbon contents with thermodynamic modeled results and demonstrates the importance of hydrothermal activities on the water column carbon production in the deep ocean.