bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin contributes to the in vitro production of a biomimetic enamel‐like material from reprogrammed oral epithelial keratinocytes
Authors: Bazina Fayrouz , Brouxhon Sabine M. , Graham Uschi M. , Kyrkanides Stephanos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the role of serotonin in the development of a biomimetic enamel‐like material in vitro.Setting and Sample populationImmortalized murine oral keratinocytes raised from adult mouse mucosa were cultured in vitro. In addition, specimens incorporating molar tooth buds harvested from mice were included in our studies.Materials and MethodsWe used cell‐based scaffold‐free tissue engineering to assemble three‐dimensional (3D) organoids into complex tissue constructs that closely emulate the complexity of adult enamel. We also analysed mouse molar specimens using immunohistochemistry for serotonin expression as well as its cognate receptor.ResultsTGF‐β1–reprogrammed murine oral keratinocytes formed organoids that laid down an amelogenin‐rich protein matrix when grown as three‐dimensional (3D) cultures in the presence of serotonin. Following mineralization, the newly formed crystals were densified under pressure and vacuum to produce a biomimetic enamel‐like material that demonstrated parallel alignment of hydroxyapatite crystals with some interspaced residual organoid matter into enamel prism‐like structures conferring size, mechanical properties comparable to tooth enamel, including light translucency. Serotonin expression was localized by immunohistochemistry proximal to the enamel organ of developing molar buds. Moreover, serotonin HTRb2 receptor expression was localized on ameloblasts within the enamel organ proximal to the area where serotonin was immunolocalized.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that serotonin is inductive in the development of a biomimetic enamel‐like material from reprogrammed oral epithelial keratinocytes in vitro. The facileness of harvesting adult somatic cells together with the versatility of our approach offers exciting opportunities to address regenerative challenges linked to lost enamel.
Dental caries and depression in pregnant women: The role of oral health self‐perception as mediator
Authors: Cademartori Mariana G. , Demarco Flavio F. , Freitas da Silveira Mariangela , Barros Fernando C. , Corrêa Marcos B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the role of oral health self‐perception as mediator of association between dental caries and depression among pregnant women from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil.Materials and MethodsOverall, 2,496 pregnant women participated of this oral health sub‐study. Data related to demographic and socioeconomic conditions, lifetime and current depression, and oral health self‐perception were collected. Participants were also assessed for dental caries (DMF‐T index). Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. For analysis, six outcomes related to dental caries experience were considered. Causal mediation analysis was performed using parametric regression models.ResultsWhen it was assumed that all subjects had poor perception about oral health, it was observed that the presence of moderate/severe depressive signals and symptoms was higher in subjects with dental caries experience (OR 1.13; CI 95% 1.06–1.20), with severity of untreated dental caries (OR 2.08; CI 95% 1.16–3.78), untreated dental caries (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07–1.29), tooth loss (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02–1.14), and filled tooth (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.16).ConclusionsOur findings show the effect of dental caries on depression is mediated by self‐perception about oral health in pregnant women.
Prevalence of Problematic Use of Opioids in Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta‐analysis
Authors: Jantarada Cláudia , Silva Catarina , Guimarães‐Pereira Luís 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveOpioid prescription for chronic noncancer pain is associated with problematic use. We aimed to review and summarize the evidence on the prevalence of problematic use of opioids in adults with chronic noncancer pain and investigate whether the prevalence rates were changing over time.Databases and Data TreatmentA systematic review of the literature was undertaken following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. We systematically searched the literature in the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science and studies with adult participants with chronic noncancer pain using opioids with indication of one or more of the following terms about problematic opioid use: abuse, misuse, addiction, dependence, problematic use, and aberrant behavior/use were eligible for data extraction. Meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence rates using a random‐effects model, and subanalysis was conducted.ResultsOur search identified a total of 784 potentially relevant studies. After a thorough evaluation, 19 papers, mostly from the United States, were included in our qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The majority of the data came from speciality pain clinics. The estimated prevalence of problematic use of opioids in adults with chronic noncancer pain was 36.3% (95% confidence interval: 27.4 to 45.2%; I2 = 99.64%). Problematic opioid use was mostly identified using the questionnaire method. Thirteen studies (68%) presented a low risk of bias.ConclusionsOur study presents an alarming estimate regarding the prevalence of problematic use of opioids among patients with noncancer pain. These results deserve special attention from health care professionals and health authorities.
A field study using different technologies to detect calving at a large‐scale hungarian dairy farm
Authors: Horváth András , Lénárt Lea , Csepreghy Anna , Madar Márta , Pálffy Mátyás , Szenci Ottó 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate three different calving detection systems in order to assess and compare their efficiency. The study was conducted at a large‐scale dairy farm involving 54 Holstein‐Friesian dairy cows and heifers. Animals were fitted with multiple devices: a rumination measuring device (Ruminact® (RA)), an intravaginal thermometer (Vel’Phone® (VP)) and a tail movement sensor (Moocall® (MC)) 5 to 7 days before expected calving and were removed after parturition. RA detects rumination time (RT) and calculates it in 2‐hr intervals. VP detects a decrease in vaginal temperature that might indicate calving within 48 hr and the drop in temperature resulting from the expulsion of the device at calving (EXP message). MC detected increased tail movements and if they persisted for one hour, 1HA message was sent. If they continued during the subsequent hour, then 2HA message was sent. Messages sent by MC within 4 hr before calving (C4) were selected retrospectively as true positives for the prediction of calving, using the significant changes in RT as a baseline. All other messages were categorized as false positive. The mean value of RT decreased in a non‐significant manner between interval −22 and −4 before calving. Significant decrease of RT was detectable between the two intervals of −4 and −2 before calving (24.7 ± 18.6 min/2 hr and 14.0 ± 13.0 min/2 hr, respectively). There was no significant difference between RT of primiparous and multiparous animals. EXP messages were accurate (positive predictive value 100%) indicators of the onset of calving. We received on average 12.7 ± 15.2 messages/animal (11.0 ± 10.1 and 16.6 ± 22.2 for cows and heifers, respectively). Positive predictive value was 12.6%. The number of false‐positive messages was significantly higher in heifers. All three automatic systems could be used in a large‐scale farm environment.
“We have to create our own community”: Addressing HIV/AIDS among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in the Neuropolis
Authors: Hassan Neil R. , Tucker Andrew 
Published: February 2021

The inclusion of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in global health policies has resulted in significant resource prioritisations in order to treat and prevent the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). MSM policy inclusions and health prioritisations, however, are primarily motivated by an epidemiological understanding of male same‐sex sexual behaviours, based on biological risks associated with HIV infection. Owing to South Africa's high HIV rates and MSM policy prioritisations, we aimed to examine experiences of engagement in urban MSM‐targeted HIV interventions. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants (n = 20) who previously engaged in MSM‐HIV interventions, across a variety of historically marginalised “township” spaces in Cape Town, South Africa. Interviews were audio‐recorded with the consent of all participants, transcribed verbatim, and verified, and anonymised using alpha‐numeric codes. Data were analysed for core themes and in this paper we describe interactions between biological and social risks that shape city life for MSM in diverse township spaces. When positioned against the background of the Neuropolis, a recent sociological intervention by Des Fitzgerald, Nikolas Rose and Ilina Singh, our results portray urban life among MSM as a form of biological citizenship: (1) constructed by experiences that are constitutive of biosocial stressors, based on (2) health‐seeking attitudes and behaviours, and (3) reinforced through socio‐spatial engagements in peer‐led and community‐based HIV interventions. We conclude by offering critical insight into recent calls for the development of comprehensive and localised peer‐led health programmes as a current void in the geographies of health and sexualities in the global south.
Simulation of Hyperelasticity by Shape Estimation
Authors: Matte Christopher-Denny , Kwok Tsz-Ho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The simulation of complex geometries and non-linear deformation has been a challenge for standard simulation methods. There has traditionally been a trade-off between performance and accuracy. With the popularity of additive manufacturing and the new design space it enables, the challenges are even more prevalent. Additionally, multiple additive manufacturing techniques now allow hyperelastic materials as raw material for fabrication and multi-material capabilities. This allows designers more freedom but also introduces new challenges for control and simulation of the printed parts. In this paper, a novel approach to implementing non-linear material capabilities is devised with negligible additional computations for geometry-based methods. Material curves are fitted with a polynomial expression, which can determine the tangent modulus, or stiffness, of a material based on strain energy. The moduli of all elements are compared to determine relative shape factors used to establish an element’s blended shape. This process is done dynamically to update a material’s stiffness in real-time, for any number of materials, regardless of linear or non-linear material curves.
Identification and validation of a multivariable prediction model based on blood plasma and serum metabolomics for the distinction of chronic pancreatitis subjects from non-pancreas disease control subjects
Authors: Adam M Gordian , Beyer Georg , Christiansen Nicole , Kamlage Beate , Pilarsky Christian , Distler Marius , Fahlbusch Tim , Chromik Ansgar , Klein Fritz , Bahra Marcus , Uhl Waldemar , Grützmann Robert , Mahajan Ujjwal M , Weiss Frank U , Mayerle Julia , Lerch Markus M 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveChronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to organ dysfunction, chronic pain, an increased risk for pancreatic cancer and considerable morbidity. Due to a lack of specific biomarkers, diagnosis is based on symptoms and specific but insensitive imaging features, preventing an early diagnosis and appropriate management.DesignWe conducted a type 3 study for multivariable prediction for individual prognosis according to the TRIPOD guidelines. A signature to distinguish CP from controls (n=160) was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-plasma and validated in independent cohorts.ResultsA Naive Bayes algorithm identified eight metabolites of six ontology classes. After algorithm training and computation of optimal cut-offs, classification according to the metabolic signature detected CP with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 ((95% CI 0.79 to 0.91). External validation in two independent cohorts (total n=502) resulted in similar accuracy for detection of CP compared with non-pancreatic controls in EDTA-plasma (AUC 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89)) and serum (AUC 0.87 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.95)).ConclusionsThis is the first study that identifies and independently validates a metabolomic signature in plasma and serum for the diagnosis of CP in large, prospective cohorts. The results could provide the basis for the development of the first routine laboratory test for CP.
Myeloid neoplasms in the setting of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia-like disease: a clinicopathological study of 66 cases comparing cases with prior history of treatment to those without
Authors: Luedke Catherine , Zhao Yue , McCracken Jenna , Maule Jake , Yang Lian-He , Jug Rachel , Galeotti Jonathan , Siddiqi Imran , Gong Jerald , Lu Chuanyi Mark , Wang Endi 
Published: February 2021

AimsMyeloid neoplasms occur in the setting of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)/CLL-like disease. The underlying pathogenesis has not been elucidated.MethodsRetrospectively analysed 66 cases of myeloid neoplasms in patients with CLL/CLL-like disease.ResultsOf these, 33 patients (group 1) had received treatment for CLL/CLL-like disease, while the other 33 patients (group 2) had either concurrent diagnoses or untreated CLL/CLL-like disease before identifying myeloid neoplasms. The two categories had distinct features in clinical presentation, spectrum of myeloid neoplasm, morphology, cytogenetic profile and clinical outcome. Compared with group 2, group 1 demonstrated a younger age at the diagnosis of myeloid neoplasm (median, 65 vs 71 years), a higher fraction of myelodysplastic syndrome (64% vs 36%; OR: 3.1; p<0.05), a higher rate of adverse unbalanced cytogenetic abnormalities, including complex changes, −5/5q- and/or −7/7q- (83% vs 28%; OR: 13.1; p<0.001) and a shorter overall survival (median, 12 vs 44 months; p<0.05).ConclusionsMyeloid neoplasm in the setting of CLL/CLL-like disease can be divided into two categories, one with prior treatment for CLL/CLL-like disease and the other without. CLL-type treatment may accelerate myeloid leukaemogenesis. The risk is estimated to be 13-fold higher in patients with treatment than those without. The causative agent could be attributed to fludarabine in combination with alkylators, based on the latency of myeloid leukaemogenesis and the cytogenetic profile.
Assessment of risk compensation following use of the dapivirine vaginal ring in southwestern Uganda
Authors: Kusemererwa Sylvia , Abaasa Andrew , Kabarambi Anita , Onyango Martin , Mugisha Joseph Okello 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesParticipation in HIV prevention trials could trigger risk compensation among participants. We evaluated potential risk compensation following use of a vaginal ring microbicide by women in a phase III trial in southwestern Uganda.MethodsWe used markers of sexual risk behaviour documented on standardised questionnaires, tested for STIs at baseline and quarterly for 2 years. Risk compensation was defined as a significant increase (trend p<0.05) in the proportion of women reporting risky sexual behaviour or a diagnosed STI between baseline and end of follow-up.ResultsBetween September 2013 and December 2016, 197 women (active arm: n=132 and placebo: n=65) were enrolled at the Masaka site. There were decreases in all markers of sexual risk behaviour with statistically significant decreases in only the proportion of women reporting ≥2 sexual partners, p=0.026 and those diagnosed withTrichomonas vaginalisp<0.001 and orNeisseria gonorrhoeaep<0.001ConclusionsNo evidence of risk compensation was observed in this trial.Trial registration numberNCT01539226.
Essential role of smooth muscle Rac1 in severe asthma-associated airway remodelling
Authors: Dilasser Florian , Rose Lindsay , Hassoun Dorian , Klein Martin , Rousselle Morgane , Brosseau Carole , Guignabert Christophe , Taillé Camille , Dombret Marie Christine , Di Candia Leonarda , Heddebaut Nicolas , Bouchaud Gregory , Pretolani Marina , Magnan Antoine , Loirand Gervaise , Sauzeau Vincent 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundSevere asthma is a chronic lung disease characterised by inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway remodelling. The molecular mechanisms underlying uncontrolled airway smooth muscle cell (aSMC) proliferation involved in pulmonary remodelling are still largely unknown. Small G proteins of the Rho family (RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42) are key regulators of smooth muscle functions and we recently demonstrated that Rac1 is activated in aSMC from allergic mice. The objective of this study was to assess the role of Rac1 in severe asthma-associated airway remodelling.Methods and resultsImmunofluorescence analysis in human bronchial biopsies revealed an increased Rac1 activity in aSMC from patients with severe asthma compared with control subjects. Inhibition of Rac1 by EHT1864 showed that Rac1 signalling controlled human aSMC proliferation induced by mitogenic stimuli through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway. In vivo, specific deletion of Rac1 in SMC or pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 by nebulisation of NSC23766 prevented AHR and aSMC hyperplasia in a mouse model of severe asthma. Moreover, the Rac1 inhibitor prevented goblet cell hyperplasia and epithelial cell hypertrophy whereas treatment with corticosteroids had less effect. Nebulisation of NSC23766 also decreased eosinophil accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage of asthmatic mice.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that Rac1 is overactive in the airways of patients with severe asthma and is essential for aSMC proliferation. It also provides evidence that Rac1 is causally involved in AHR and airway remodelling. Rac1 may represent as an interesting target for treating both AHR and airway remodelling of patients with severe asthma.
Anatomy of Distal Articular Surface of Hamate Bone, A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Anantavorasakul Navapong , Sutthiwongkit Thanat , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth , Malungpaishrope Kanchai , Uerpairojkit Chairoj 
Published: February 2021

Background: Hemi-hamate arthroplasty is one of the treatment options for dorsal proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocation. Many studies reported favorable outcomes. However, some long term studies demonstrated the degenerative change of PIP joint. The articular mismatch of the hemi-hamate autograft might play an important role of this complication. Methods: We studied the anatomy of distal articular surface of the hamate bone in embalmed hamate bones. The anatomy of distal articular surface and dimensions of the hamate bone were measured and recorded. Results: Seventy hamate bones were dissected out from embalmed cadavers and included in this study. The mean angle of the 4th metacarpal articulation was 85.54 degrees (SD = 3.53) and mean angle of the 5th metacarpal articulation was 95.51 degrees (SD = 3.57). The inter-articular ridge was approximately 5 degrees radial inclination. Conclusions: The inter-articular ridge of distal articular surface was approximately 5 degrees radial inclination. In order to minimize the graft mismatch, we recommend making the bone cut with the saw blade tilted to radial side 5 degrees to achieve better alignment of inter-articular ridge of the graft.
Description of Bursaphelenchus microcarpae n. sp. isolated from Cryphalus abbreviatus emerged from Ficus microcarpa, with a report of B. carpini re-isolation
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Ekino Taisuke , Kajimura Hisashi , Degawa Yousuke 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Two Bursaphelenchus spp. belonging to the eggersi group (subgroup 3) were isolated from bark beetles (Cryphalus spp.). One species, isolated from Cryphalus sp. cf. carpini that emerged from a log of an unidentified broad-leaved tree (considered to be Carpinus sp.) collected in Sugadaira, Nagano, Japan, was identified molecularly and typologically as B. carpini. The other species, isolated from C. abbreviatus that emerged from a dead log of Ficus microcarpa collected in Okinawa, Japan, was differentiated molecularly from other eggersi group species. The new species is characterised by its three-lined lateral field, seven genital papillae with the posteriormost pair forming ‘glandpapillae’, short and stout male spicule with a strongly dorsally recurved and pointed condylus, small and rectangular male bursal flap with a variable terminus, female vulva with a ‘side flap’, broadly rounded female tail tip and molecular sequences of the ribosomal RNA region and partial mtCOI gene. The species is described and illustrated herein as B. microcarpae n. sp.
Religion, Spirituality, Well-Being, and Ill-Being in a Church-Renewal Movement: The Case of Finland
Authors: Hannikainen Pietari 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An expanding body of research connects religiosity/spirituality (later R/S) with human well-being and health. While psychological and medical research lacks a common theoretical or theological framework, these dimensions are measured by instruments with a wide variation in quality. As the religious landscapes in Western societies are becoming increasingly plural and complex, the need for developing our understanding and assessment of the role of R/S in human health and well-being is as important as ever. This study, based on quantitative data (N = 529) from members of a church renewal oriented network in the Lutheran majority Church in Finland, measures the role of R/S in the subjective well-being of the participants through a multi-dimensional framework. While exploring Ellison’s Spiritual Well-being Scale (1983), the study expands its scope to a more multi-dimensional approach to religion, spirituality and well-being. The results reveal that religious beliefs and practices do not contribute to the level of subjective well-being in the lives of the participants as much as the way in which these beliefs and practices are lived out and actualized in social contexts. The study identified several sources of both well-being and ill-being in the participants’ lives. The article contributes to the terms of measuring the various ways in which R/S are connected to human well-being.