bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning deconvolutions for astronomical images
Authors: Long Ma , Soubo Yang , Cong Shu , Weiping Ni , Tong Liu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Astronomical images allow people to explore the Universe and monitor space; however, due to the long distances involved, such images are generally collected using telescopic equipment. The equipment optical characteristics and the imaging environment cause image degradation, such as blurring, lost details, and sometimes serious losses of object structures and contours, thus limiting the applications of these images. Unfortunately, improving the equipment to acquire much sharper images is expensive. Therefore, we propose a post-processing structure learning method to restore astronomical images that is low in cost but has exciting effects. The proposed method uses single backbone neural networks or their simple combinations to solve a series of image restoration problems, including point spread function (PSF) estimation, non-blind deconvolution, and blind deconvolution. In tests on simulated and real astronomical images, the proposed method achieves dramatic improvements compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Although this work concentrates on astronomical images, the proposed framework is applicable to a wide range of fields.
A MeerKAT view on galaxy clusters: a radio–optical study of Abell 1300 and MACS J1931.8−2634
Authors: Terni de Gregory B , Hugo B , Venturi T , Bernardi G , Dallacasa D , Nonino M , Makhatini S , Parekh V , Smirnov O M , Giacintucci S , Kale R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present results from a radio–optical study of the galaxy populations of the galaxy clusters Abell 1300 and MACS J1931.8−2634, a merger and a relaxed system respectively both located at z ∼ 0.3, aimed at finding evidence of merger-induced radio emission. Radio observations are taken at 1.28 GHz with the MeerKAT interferometer during its early-stage commissioning phase, and combined with archive optical data. We generated catalogues containing 107 and 162 radio sources in the A 1300 and MACS J1931.8−2634 cluster fields, respectively, above a 0.2 mJy threshold and within a 30 arcmin radius from the cluster centre (corresponding to 8.1 and 8.8 Mpc, respectively). By cross-correlating the radio and optical catalogues, and including spectroscopic information, nine and six sources were found to be cluster members and used to construct the radio luminosity functions, respectively, for both clusters. The comparison of the radio source catalogues between the two cluster fields leads to a marginal difference, with a 2σ statistical significance. We derived the radio luminosity function at 1.28 GHz in both clusters, in the power range of $22.81 \lt \rm {log~\mathit{ P}_{1.28~GHz}~(W\,Hz^{-1})} \lt 25.95$, and obtained that in A 1300 the radio luminosity function averaged over the full radio power interval is only 3.3 ± 1.9 times higher than the MACS J1931.8−2634 one, suggesting no statistical difference in their probability to host nuclear radio emission. We conclude that, at least for the two clusters studied here, the role of cluster mergers in affecting the statistical properties of the radio galaxy population is negligible.
Spin misalignment of black hole binaries from young star clusters: implications for the origin of gravitational waves events
Authors: Trani A A , Tanikawa A , Fujii M S , Leigh N W C , Kumamoto J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent studies indicate that the progenitors of merging black hole (BH) binaries from young star clusters can undergo a common envelope phase just like isolated binaries. If the stars emerge from the common envelope as naked cores, tidal interactions can efficiently synchronize their spins before they collapse into BHs. Contrary to the isolated case, these binary BHs can also undergo dynamical interactions with other BHs in the cluster before merging. The interactions can tilt the binary orbital plane, leading to spin-orbit misalignment. We estimate the spin properties of merging binary BHs undergoing this scenario by combining up-to-date binary population synthesis and accurate few-body simulations. We show that post-common envelope binary BHs are likely to undergo only a single encounter, due to the high binary recoil velocity and short coalescence times. Adopting conservative limits on the binary–single encounter rates, we obtain a local BH merger rate density of ${\sim } 6.6 {\, \rm yr}^{-1} \, \rm Gpc^{-3}$. Assuming low (≲0.2) natal BH spins, this scenario reproduces the trends in the distributions of effective spin χeff and precession parameters χp inferred from GWTC-2, including the peaks at (χeff, χp) ∼ (0.1, 0.2) and the tail at negative χeff values.
Multiwavelength study of the quiescent states of six brightest flat-spectrum radio quasars detected by Fermi-LAT
Authors: Roy Abhradeep , Patel S R , Sarkar A , Chatterjee A , Chitnis V R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The regular monitoring of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in γ-rays by Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) since past 12 yr indicated six sources who exhibited extreme γ-ray outbursts crossing daily flux of 10−5 photons cm−2 s−1. We obtained nearly simultaneous multiwavelength data of these sources in radio to γ-ray waveband from OVRO (Owens Valley Radio Observatory), Steward Observatory, SMARTS (Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System), Swift-UVOT (UV/Optical Telescope), Swift-XRT (X-ray Telescope), and Fermi-LAT. The time-averaged broad-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these sources in quiescent states were studied to get an idea about the underlying baseline radiation processes. We modelled the SEDs using one-zone leptonic synchrotron and inverse Compton emission scenario from broken power-law electron energy distribution inside a spherical plasma blob, relativistically moving down a conical jet. The model takes into account inverse Compton scattering of externally and locally originated seed photons in the jet. The big blue bumps visible in quiescent state SEDs helped to estimate the accretion disc luminosities and central black hole masses. We found a correlation between the magnetic field inside the emission region and the ratio of emission region distance to disc luminosity, which implies that the magnetic field decreases with an increase in emission region distance and decrease in disc luminosity, suggesting a disc–jet connection. The high-energy index of the electron distribution was also found to be correlated with observed γ-ray luminosity as γ-rays are produced by high-energy particles. In most cases, kinetic power carried by electrons can account for jet radiation power as jets become radiatively inefficient during quiescent states.
Transcriptional changes through menstrual cycle reveal a global transcriptional derepression underlying the molecular mechanism involved in the window of implantation
Authors: Sebastian-Leon P , Devesa-Peiro A , Aleman A , Parraga-Leo A , Arnau V , Pellicer A , Diaz-Gimeno P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe human endometrium is a dynamic tissue that only is receptive to host the embryo during a brief time in the middle secretory phase, called the window of implantation (WOI). Despite its importance, regulation of the menstrual cycle remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the gene cooperation and regulation of menstrual cycle progression, to dissect the molecular complexity underlying acquisition of endometrial receptivity for a successful pregnancy, and to provide the scientific community with detailed gene co-expression information throughout the menstrual cycle on a user-friendly web-tool database. A retrospective gene co-expression analysis was performed based on the endometrial receptivity array (ERarray) gene signature from 523 human endometrial samples collected across the menstrual cycle, including during the WOI. Gene co-expression analysis revealed the WOI as having the significantly smallest proportion of negative correlations for transcriptional profiles associated with successful pregnancies compared to other cycle stages, pointing to a global transcriptional derepression being involved in acquisition of endometrial receptivity. Regulation was greatest during the transition between proliferative and secretory endometrial phases. Further, we prioritized nuclear hormone receptors as major regulators of this derepression and proved that some genes and transcription factors involved in this process were dysregulated in patients with recurrent implantation failure. We also compiled the wealth of gene co-expression data to stimulate hypothesis-driven single-molecule endometrial studies in a user-friendly database: Menstrual Cycle Gene Co-expression Network (www.menstrualcyclegcn.com). This study revealed a global transcriptional repression across the menstrual cycle, which relaxes when the WOI opens for transcriptional profiles associated with successful pregnancies. These findings suggest that a global transcriptional derepression is needed for embryo implantation and early development.
Magnesium and calcium overaccumulate in the leaves of aschengen3mutant ofBrassica rapa
Authors: Alcock Thomas D , Thomas Catherine L , Ó Lochlainn Seosamh , Pongrac Paula , Wilson Michael , Moore Christopher , Reyt Guilhem , Vogel-Mikuš Katarina , Kelemen Mitja , Hayden Rory , Wilson Lolita , Stephenson Pauline , Østergaard Lars , Irwin Judith A , Hammond John P , King Graham J , Salt David E , Graham Neil S , White Philip J , Broadley Martin R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are essential mineral nutrients poorly supplied in many human food systems. In grazing livestock, Mg and Ca deficiencies are costly welfare issues. Here, we report a Brassica rapa loss-of-function schengen3 (sgn3) mutant, braA.sgn3.a-1, which accumulates twice as much Mg and a third more Ca in its leaves. We mapped braA.sgn3.a to a single recessive locus using a forward ionomic screen of chemically mutagenized lines with subsequent backcrossing and linked-read sequencing of second back-crossed, second filial generation (BC2F2) segregants. Confocal imaging revealed a disrupted root endodermal diffusion barrier, consistent with SGN3 encoding a receptor-like kinase required for normal formation of Casparian strips, as reported in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana). Analysis of the spatial distribution of elements showed elevated extracellular Mg concentrations in leaves of braA.sgn3.a-1, hypothesized to result from preferential export of excessive Mg from cells to ensure suitable cellular concentrations. This work confirms a conserved role of SGN3 in controlling nutrient homeostasis in B. rapa, and reveals mechanisms by which plants are able to deal with perturbed shoot element concentrations resulting from a “leaky” root endodermal barrier. Characterization of variation in leaf Mg and Ca accumulation across a mutagenized population of B. rapa shows promise for using such populations in breeding programs to increase edible concentrations of essential human and animal nutrients.
Patient Expectancy Does Not Predict Success or Failure of Thermal Neurotomy for Persistent Zygapophysial and Sacroiliac Joint Pain
Authors: Speldewinde G C , Panwar C E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
The placebo effect is important in determining the outcome of the treatment of pain for which expectancy and context are the main contributors. The variable success of thermal neurotomy spinal pain procedures is often seen as evidence of the placebo effect. Conversely, proponents of pain procedures explain poorer outcomes by technical procedure deficiencies, including inadequate diagnosis. This cohort study set out to determine whether patient expectancy is a contributing factor in the outcome of thermal neurotomy to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar zygapophysial and sacroiliac joints.

Design
This single-practitioner, single-site retrospective analysis of prospectively gathered cohort data of 549 patients evaluated the impact of patient preprocedure expectancy (rated on a simple 0–10 or 0–4 numerical rating scale) on outcomes in a large consecutive series of patients who had undergone thermal neurotomy treatment between 2009 and 2019. In addition, a portion of patients were asked to what extent they hoped for or desired a good outcome.

Results
Successful pain relief (≥75% reduction from baseline) was not associated with a higher preprocedure expectancy than were failed procedures. Hope and desire demonstrated no impact on the positive or negative impact of the procedure.

Conclusions
Altogether, patient expectation of outcome, hope, and desire are not associated with the outcome of effective pain relief by thermal neurotomy that has been performed to the appropriate and commonly available technical standards. Further work is needed to determine the influence of patient expectation across a range of pain intervention modalities.
More than Hurt Feelings: The Wear and Tear of Day-to-Day Discrimination in Adults with Chronic Pain
Authors: Ong Anthony D , Goktas Selin , Reid M Carrington 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To examine the extent to which self-reported experiences of discrimination are associated with pain interference among men and women with chronic non-cancer pain.

Methods
Data are from the Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher Cohort. The analytic sample consisted of 207 adults with chronic pain (54.2 ± 12.8 years; 53.6% female) who completed the Major Experiences of Discrimination and Everyday Discrimination scales. Regression analyses examined cross-sectional relations between discrimination and pain interference.

Results
On average, the level of pain interference was moderate in the sample (mean = 3.46, standard deviation = 2.66; observed range 0–10). Approximately a third of respondents reported at least one major discriminatory event in their lifetime, while 22% reported three or more discriminatory lifetime events. Everyday discrimination scores averaged 14.19 ± 5.46 (observed range 0–33). With adjustment for sociodemographics, physical health, cognitive and psychological factors, social isolation, and loneliness, everyday discrimination was associated with increased pain interference (B = 0.099; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.17).

Conclusion
These findings add weight to the importance of day-to-day experiences of interpersonal discrimination by documenting independent associations with functional interference in adults with chronic pain.
Combined Bipolar and V-Shaped Lesions for Lumbar Facet Radiofrequency Ablation: A Technical Report
Authors: Sagir Afrin , Bolash Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a demonstrated safe and effective treatment for chronic low back pain. RFA delivers high density electrical current near lumbar medial branch nerve. The success of RFA is contingent upon creating a lesion that overlaps the sensory nerve supplying the affected facet joint(s). Both bipolar-RFA and V-shaped active tip cannulas increase lesion size in experimental models. We describe successful application of concomitant bipolar and V-shaped lesions in a single patient with chronic low back pain caused by lumbar spondylosis.

Case presentation
An 81-year-old male with atrial fibrillation on chronic warfarin anticoagulation was previously treated with conventional monopolar lumbar facet RFA resulting in a 75% decrement in pain intensity exceeding eight months. Nine months after the procedure, his pain returned with similar pretreatment character and was unresponsive to additional physical therapy and acetaminophen. We elected to use a V-shaped cannula to maximize lesion diameter and lengthen intervals between anticoagulant abstinence to minimize the risk. Intraoperatively, a grounding-pad malfunction compelled us to convert to bipolar-RFA by placing a second adjacent V-shaped cannula, eliminating grounding-pad requirement. Bilateral bipolar medial branch RFA of L3–L4, L4–L5, L5–S1 nerves was performed between these two cannulas without further incident. The patient had sustained analgesia that lasted over twelve months resultant from treatment.

Conclusions
We herein describe a technique of combined bipolar-RFA utilizing proximally adjacent V-shaped cannulas. Both bipolar and V-shaped cannulas create larger lesions in experiments. While both techniques purport theoretical advantages, the clinical superiority of a combined technique warrants continued clinical investigation.
Automatic Processing of Numerosity in Human Neocortex Evidenced by Occipital and Parietal Neuromagnetic Responses
Authors: Van Rinsveld Amandine , Wens Vincent , Guillaume Mathieu , Beuel Anthony , Gevers Wim , De Tiège Xavier , Content Alain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Humans and other animal species are endowed with the ability to sense, represent, and mentally manipulate the number of items in a set without needing to count them. One central hypothesis is that this ability relies on an automated functional system dedicated to numerosity, the perception of the discrete numerical magnitude of a set of items. This system has classically been associated with intraparietal regions, however accumulating evidence in favor of an early visual number sense calls into question the functional role of parietal regions in numerosity processing. Targeting specifically numerosity among other visual features in the earliest stages of processing requires high temporal and spatial resolution. We used frequency-tagged magnetoencephalography to investigate the early automatic processing of numerical magnitudes and measured the steady-state brain responses specifically evoked by numerical and other visual changes in the visual scene. The neuromagnetic responses showed implicit discrimination of numerosity, total occupied area, and convex hull. The source reconstruction corresponding to the implicit discrimination responses showed common and separate sources along the ventral and dorsal visual pathways. Occipital sources attested the perceptual salience of numerosity similarly to both other implicitly discriminable visual features. Crucially, we found parietal responses uniquely associated with numerosity discrimination, showing automatic processing of numerosity in the parietal cortex, even when not relevant to the task. Taken together, these results provide further insights into the functional roles of parietal and occipital regions in numerosity encoding along the visual hierarchy.
Follow-Up of Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants After Hospital Discharge: Incidence and Reasons for Rehospitalization
Authors: Baysoy Nihal , Kavuncuoğlu Sultan , Ramoğlu Mehmet Gökhan , Aldemir Esin Yildiz , Payasli Müge 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe rehospitalization frequency/indications of low birth weight (LBW) preterms and the effect of rehospitalization on growth and neurodevelopment were investigated.MethodsLBW preterms discharged from NICU were prospectively followed until the corrected age of 1 year. Infants rehospitalized after discharge were defined as the study group and those not rehospitalized as the control group. The frequency, duration and etiology of rehospitalization were investigated and the effects of neonatal complications, surgery and socio-demographic status on rehospitalization were assessed.ResultsThe study and the control group included 113 and 217 infants, respectively. Infants in the study group were rehospitalized 247 times in total. Rehospitalization was significantly higher in the male gender (39.7% vs. 28.9%, p &lt; 0.05). Hyperbilirubinemia-anemia, anemia-surgery and pulmonary-other infections were the most common indications for rehospitalization in the 0–14 days, 15 days to 2 months and 2–12 months, respectively. Intrauterine growth had no impact on rehospitalization. Somatic growth and neurodevelopment were significantly delayed in the study group (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionBirth weight and gestational week are the most important determinants of rehospitalization. Rehospitalized preterm infants have significant deficits in both somatic growth and neurodevelopment despite high-quality follow-up care.
High prevalence of opisthorchiasis in rural populations from Khammouane Province, central Lao PDR: serological screening using total IgG- and IgG4-based ELISA
Authors: Phupiewkham Weeraya , Rodpai Rutchanee , Inthavongsack Somchith , Laymanivong Sakhone , Thanchomnang Tongjit , Sadaow Lakkhana , Boonroumkaew Patcharaporn , Sanpool Oranuch , Janwan Penchom , Intapan Pewpan M , Maleewong Wanchai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman opisthorchiasis, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, is a public health problem in Southeast Asia and a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. In Lao PDR, seroprevalence and the relationship between the number of O. viverrini eggs in infected people and specific antibody responses are still unknown. We evaluated and compared parasitological and serological screening methods in the community in an endemic area of opisthorchiasis in Lao PDR.MethodsSeroprevalence of O. viverrini-specific total IgG and IgG4 antibodies and their relationships with O. viverrini egg intensities were evaluated in Khammouane Province, central Lao PDR, using ELISA and a modified formalin ethyl-acetate concentration technique (FECT).ResultsFECT stool examination revealed O. viverrini eggs in 70.3% (90/128) of individuals (95% CI 61.6 to 78.1%) while ELISA (based on total IgG and on IgG4 antibodies to O. viverrini) found 98.4% (95% CI 94.5 to 99.8%) and 89.8% (95% CI 83.3 to 94.5%) of sera, respectively. There was a positive and significant correlation between numbers of O. viverrini eggs per gram and levels of both IgG (R2=0.168, p&lt;0.001) and IgG4 (R2=0.219, p&lt;0.001) antibodies.ConclusionsA high prevalence of human opisthorchiasis in Lao PDR was found using a new platform, serological screening in the community. This points to a need for sustainable control of this liver fluke infection.
Verbalization, Categorization, and Evaluation of Fundamental Surgical Skills
Authors: Mitani Sohei , Nishio Naoki , Kitani Takashi , Ugumori Toru , Wakisaka Hiroyuki , Tanaka Keiko , Miao Beiping , Chan Jason Y. K. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Hato Naohito 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to verbalize fundamental surgical skills required for open head and neck surgery (OHNS), to organize them by categorization, and to establish a consensus among surgeons regarding the importance and difficulty of each skill.

Summary Background Data:
Improvement of fundamental surgical skills is the core of surgical education; however, surgical skills are not yet organized, and consensus in any surgical field remains uncertain.

Methods:
Fundamental surgical skills during OHNS were collected from surgical textbooks, real surgeries, and expert interviews. The items were analyzed to calculate the frequency of words and were categorized by 2 expert surgeons. After consensus on the importance and difficulty of each item was established by 15 expert surgeons using a Delphi survey, principal component (PC) analysis was performed to integrate importance and difficulty into a single parameter.

Results:
Sixty skills were verbalized and categorized into 7 categories: “skin flap elevation (n = 6),” “vessel management (n = 9),” “nerve preservation (n = 8),” “instrument handling (n = 11),” “counter traction (n = 7),” “tissue exposure (n = 9),” and “flow and planning (n = 10).” In the Delphi survey, expert consensus was established after 2 voting rounds (Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.80). The “counter traction” and “flow and planning” categories had high PC scores, which indicate priority in surgical education.

Conclusion:
Fundamental OHNS skills were verbalized, categorized, and evaluated via expert consensus. Assessment of surgeons’ skills by the structured items hereby developed will help standardize the quality of OHNS and improve patient outcomes.