bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepaticogastrostomy versus choledochoduodenostomy
Authors: Tyberg Amy , Napoleon Bertrand , Robles-Medranda Carlos , Shah Janak N. , Bories Erwan , Kumta Nikhil A. , Yague Andres Sanchez , Vazquez-Sequeiros Enrique , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Chafic Abdul Hamid El , Shah Shawn L. , Sameera Sohini , Tawadros Augustine , Ardengh Jose Celso , Kedia Prashant , Gaidhane Monica , Giovannini Marc , Kahaleh Michel 
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives:
EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) offers minimally invasive decompression when conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography fails. Stents can be placed from the intrahepatic ducts into the stomach (hepaticogastrostomy [HG]) or from the extrahepatic bile duct into the small intestine (choledochoduodenostomy [CCD]). Long-term patency of these stents is unknown. In this study, we aim to compare long-term patency of CCD versus HG.

Methods:
Consecutive patients from 12 centers were included in a registry over 14 years. Demographics, procedure info, adverse events, and follow-up data were collected. Student's t-test, Chi–square, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Only patients with at least 6-month follow-up or who died within 6-month postprocedure were included.

Results:
One-hundred and eighty-two patients were included (93% male; mean age: 70; HG n = 95, CCD n = 87). No significant difference in indication, diagnosis, dissection instrument, or stent type was seen between the two groups. Technical success was 92% in both groups. Clinical success was achieved in 75/87 (86%) in the HG group and 80/80 (100%) in the CCD group. A trend toward higher adverse events was seen in the CCD group. A total of 25 patients out of 87 needed stent revision in the HG group (success rate 71%), while eight out of 80 were revised in the CCD group (success rate 90%). Chi square shows CCD success higher than HG (90% vs. 71%, P = 0.010). After adjusting for diagnosis, jaundice or cholangitis presentation, instrument used for dissection, and gender, CCD was 4.5 times more likely than HG to achieve longer stent patency or manage obstruction (odds ratio 4.5; 95% 1.1548–17.6500, P = 0.0302).

Conclusion:
CCD is associated with superior long-term patency than HG but with a trend toward higher adverse events. This is particularly important in patients with increased survival. Additional studies are required before recommending a change in practice.
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Patients with Renal Tubular Acidosis in Southern Part of West Bengal, India
Authors: Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Bhattacharjee Rana , Patra Shinjan , Roy Ajitesh , Gantait Kripasindhu , Chowdhury Subhankar 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of the Study:
Reversible proximal tubular dysfunction associated with distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) mimics type 3 RTA, a condition classically associated with features of both proximal RTA (pRTA) and dRTA. Proximal tubulopathy has been reported in children with primary dRTA, but the data in adults are lacking.

Study Design:
In this hospital record-based retrospective study, data from 66 consecutive cases of RTA, between January 2016 to December 2018, were retrieved and analyzed.

Results:
Mean age of the study population was 25.3 years (range: 3 months to 73 years). Six (9.1%) of them had pRTA, 58 (87.9%) had dRTA, 1 (1.5%) had type 3 RTA, and the remaining 1 (1.5%) had type 4 RTA. Ten patients (17.2%) with dRTA and 3 patients of pRTA (50%) had underlying secondary etiologies. Data on proximal tubular dysfunction were available for 30 patients with dRTA, of whom 1 had isolated dRTA, and the rest 29 patients had accompanying completely reversible proximal tubular dysfunction. Among the 10 cases of secondary dRTA, 6 were not evaluated for proximal tubular dysfunction. Of the remaining 4, 3 had reversible form of proximal tubular abnormality. Fifty-two patients with dRTA came from a population, indigenous to the “Rarh” region of India.

Conclusions:
Proximal tubular dysfunction often accompanies dRTA; 75% of the children with primary dRTA, at least 29% of adults with primary dRTA, and at least 30% of adults with secondary dRTA manifest such completely reversible form of proximal tubulopathy. “Rarh’ region of India probably is a hotspot for endemic dRTA.
Environmental Economies, Survival Ecologies, and Economic Interests in Pastoral Uganda
Authors: Kabiito Bendicto 
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a departure from the historical cataloguing of scarcity and poverty, as definitive frames of Karamoja sub-region of Uganda; a narrative that purports to portray the duo as natural, permanent and insurmountable features of the sub-region. This study demonstrates that these were both created in and projected onto the sub-region. The study provides evidence to the fact that; 1. Externally-driven pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial undertakings (which are underrated in many analyses on Karamoja) are the building blocks of the protracted conflicts, insecurities and ecological damages that ravaged Karamoja; 2. The sub-region offers more potentials than limitations as studies on Karamoja tend to portray. This research report is an invitation to both inward and outward looking (of Karamoja) for diagnosis and solutions. Inspired by critical realism and environmental justice theories, the study interrogates policies, mentalities, actions and inactions that fostered economic and ecological exploitation of Karamoja; endangering environmental and social ecologies of the sub-region. Attention is paid to how these jeopardised the environment-based economy of the sub-region’s population, while highlighting the human, ecological and economic potentials that need and deserve collective action for social and environmental re-address.
Eficacia del programa de enseñanza activa en las estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la facultad de ciencias de la educación de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco – 2012
Authors: Rojas-Cotrina Amancio R. 
Published: September 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comprobar la efectividad que tiene el programa de enseñanza activa en las estrategias de aprendizaje en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco – 2012. Para lo cual se trabajó con una muestra de 78 estudiantes matriculados en el Segundo Año de estudios, estos estudiantes están distribuidos en dos grupos: Educación Básica 42 y Educación Secundaria 36; el primero fue el grupo control y el segundo, el grupo experimental. El tipo de investigación desarrollado ha sido aplicada. El diseño que se aplicó fue el de dos grupos No Equivalentes o con Grupo Control no Equivalente. Se aplicó al grupo experimental el Programa de Enseñanza Activa. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: las estrategias de aprendizaje antes y después de la intervención en el grupo experimental, se contrastó con la Prueba de Wilcoxon, la cual consiste en comparar los rangos positivos y negativos de las frecuencias observadas. Se encontró 36 rangos positivos frente a 0 rangos negativos, lo cual indica una diferencia significativa estadísticamente de P ≤ 0,000. Por tanto, se asume que en el grupo experimental, luego de la intervención del Programa Enseñanza Activa, se incrementó de manera importante las puntuaciones en las estrategias de aprendizaje. Por otro lado, en el grupo control se encontró 18 rangos positivos, frente a 14 rangos negativos y 10 empates, lo cual no indica una diferencia significativa estadísticamente encontrando una P ≤ 0,822. Por tanto, se asume que las puntuaciones se mantienen constantes; con lo que se demostró la eficacia del Programa de Enseñanza Activa en las Estrategias de Aprendizaje.
La técnica de mapas mentales en la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes de la facultad de educación de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Yarinacocha – 2012
Authors: Santacruz-Espinoza Atanacia 
Published: September 2021

El presente estudio se enmarca dentro de la línea de estrategias metodológicas, cuyo problema fue: ¿En qué medida la aplicación de la técnica de los mapas mentales inuye en la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes del II Ciclo de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Yarinacocha – 2012? El objetivo determinar la inuencia de la aplicación de la Técnica de los Mapas Mentales en la Comprensión Lectora en los estudiantes del II Ciclo de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Yarinacocha – 2013. La hipótesis, la aplicación de la técnica de los mapas mentales inuye signicativamente en la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes del II Ciclo de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Yarinacocha – 2012. La investigación se encuadra dentro del tipo de investigación aplicada, nivel explicativo, diseño cuasi experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 453 estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación y la muestra fue no probabilística y estuvo conformada por 50 estudiantes del II ciclo. Se concluye que la aplicación de la técnica de los mapas mentales inuye signicativamente en la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes del II Ciclo de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Yarinacocha – 2012, con un nivel de signicancia del 5% y tc > t, 0,05 (27,855>2,05).
PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STUDENTS AT INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING
Authors: Akin-Odanye Elizabeth O. , Kaninjing Ernest , Ndip Roland N. , Warren Carol L. , Asuzu Chioma C. , Lopez Ivette , Muiruri Charles , Vilme Helene 
Published: September 2021

<p>Students at higher institutions of learning are more susceptible to psychosocial problems compared to the general public. These may further be exacerbated by the measures put in place to curb the spread of COVID-19. This mixed methods study examined the factors associated with the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on students’ financial stability, interpersonal relationships and worries related to achieving academic milestones. Data comprised of a series of closed and open-ended questions collected via Qualtrics from students in the United States and Africa (Central and West). The quantitative data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and chi-square, while the qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis. More than 90% of the students resided in the United States, 72.5% were females and 78.4% were undergraduates. Financial hardship was experienced by 26.4% of the students, 55.8% indicated that COVID-19 negatively affected their relationship with friends and over 40% worried over delays in achieving academic milestones. Continent of residence, employment status and financial hardship were significantly associated with the negative impact of COVID-19 on one or more of the students’ relationships and with worries about achieving academic milestones. Qualitative data support the findings that financial hardship contributed to experience of psychological distress by students. It also revealed negative (compromised relationships – broken or fractured relationships and loneliness) and positive (bonding) impact of COVID-19 on interpersonal relationships. School administrators should provide students with resources to access economic relief packages and tele-counseling services to help meet their financial and psychosocial support needs amidst COVID-19.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0734/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
USING PARTICIPATORY VISUAL METHODS TO TEACH CHARACTER EDUCATION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD IN KENYA
Authors: Olao Evans M. , Misigo Bernard L. , Speck Karsten 
Published: September 2021

<p>The rising cases of youth engagement in anti-social behaviour in Kenya present the need for educational stakeholders to invest in the teaching of character education. This paper has explored the use of participatory visual methods (PVM) in the teaching of character education. A multiple case-study design was used where eight grade three teachers were selected purposively. Data were generated through drawings, individual interviews and reflective journals. These were later analysed thematically through systematic open coding. The findings showed that PVM are learner centred and that they advance collaborative learning. This child-centeredness encouraged active learning and excitement among learners. It also boosted learners’ memories and overcame the language barriers that learners experience during communication in class. This paper concluded that participatory visual methods are new approaches as an alternative for better teaching of character education in early childhood. This conclusion has implications for early childhood teacher education on child-appropriate teaching styles to be used in character education. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0771/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE EFFECT OF DREAM AND DOODLE BOOKS ON CHILDREN'S CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS
Authors: Gençer Arzu Akar , Aytar Abide Güngör 
Published: September 2021

<p>This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of dream and doodle books in developing children's creative thinking skills. In the study, the case study, which is a qualitative research method, was used. A total of 13 children, 6 girls and 7 boys aged 6-9, were selected through purposive sampling. For three months, a total of thirty-two pages of painting completion activities were held with each child by using dream and doodle books three times a day each week. "The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking" is used as a data collection tool to evaluate the creative thinking skills of children. Content analysis was used as the analysis method. The rate of seeing the Creative Strengths in the posttest (Torrance Test of Creative Thinking Form B) drawings of the children was higher than the pre-test (Torrance Test of Creative Thinking Form A) drawings. When the pre-test and post-test results of Creative Strengths are examined, it is seen that there is the most difference in favor of the post-test in the "Movement and Action and Storytelling Articulateness" aspects. The aspect with the least difference is "Synthesis of Lines and Circles". The dimension that has never been seen in children's drawings has been "Synthesis of Incomplete Figures". It was concluded that Dream and Doodle Books improve children's creative thinking skills. Dream and Doodle books are artistic studies that allow children to express themselves in different ways. In this context, it is recommended that teachers and families include these books in their activities.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0779/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHER PROFESSIONAL VALUES: MATTERS ARISING FROM THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA
Authors: Ampomah Robert 
Published: September 2021

<p>School heads as senior executives are thought to provide the institution ethical tone at the top to impact on subordinates. As a result, the study investigated how heads ethical leadership and teacher professional values influence students’ academic achievement, using a survey of 370 respondents in senior high schools in the Northern Region of Ghana. Questionnaires were used to collect data and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. It emerged from the study that ethical leadership practice of school heads and unadulterated professional values are fundamental to teachers, students and the entire school organization. Results from the study showed that mentorship, honesty and trust were core ethical leadership attributes of heads. The current study and other empirical research points to the fact that teacher professional values including reliability, professionalism and trust are keen in teacher’s career success. The study recommends that practicing and prospective heads are made to go for professional development sessions on ethical leadership behaviours. Again, induction and effective orientation on professional standards and values should form part of teacher recruitment and lifelong learning since they are vital for positive teacher identity and excellent learning outcomes.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0716/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EFFECTS OF AVAILABILITY OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KITUI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Mang’uu Ndambo Stella , Maithya Paul , Kimani Mwaura 
Published: September 2021

<p>School climate and teacher performance are critical factors in any learning institution that seeks to have competitive edge. Teachers from Kitui County have raised concern over unfavourable school climate that affects their performance. Despite the fact that some studies on school climate have been carried out in Kenya none of them has explored exhaustively on poor teacher performance. Hence there was need to carry out this study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of availability of teaching and learning resources on teacher performance in public secondary schools in Kitui county. this study employed mixed methods approach and descriptive survey research design to reveal and measure the opinion of teachers and the indicators of school climate and was anchored on three motivational theories namely: McGregor theory x and Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and Hertzberg’s two factor theory. The study targeted 400 public secondary schools and 2417 teachers from Kitui county. Purposive and random sampling was used to select 40 principals and 488 teachers. Fractional method was used to sample 40 teachers from the 400-public secondary schools.20% of 2417 teachers were randomly selected from each sub-county. Sample size for this study was calculated using hypergeometric formulae where 76 principals and 352 teachers were selected giving a total of 428 respondents. Data was collected using Questionnaires for teachers, interview schedules for principals and document analysis. Validity of the instrument was achieved by reading other research works, books and journals. Split half reliability was used to test teacher’s questionnaire and principal’s checklist. Research instruments were appraised through a pilot study on 25 teachers and 5 principals from Katulani sub-county. Data was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using Pearson correlation moment to test the questionnaire, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression. Descriptive statistics and inferential statics were used. Descriptive statistics aided by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used. Quantitative data was presented in percentages, t-test, frequencies and tables while qualitative data was organized into thematic categories according to the objectives of the study. The study established that there is no statistically significant relationship between teaching/leaning resources and teacher performance, p-value=0.001&lt;0.00, the study recommended that there was need for school principal to avail enough teaching and learning resources and balance teacher’s workload and work closely with the teachers to ensure there is enough provision of teaching materials as well as e-resources for use by both the teachers and the students.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0874/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Conflictos de auditoría: estudio y análisis de las presiones y los dilemas éticos de los auditores en las principales firmas de la ciudad de Cartagena.
Authors: Torres Payares Andrea Marcela , Puerta Salas Jorge Luis 
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados del estudio y análisis de las presiones y los dilemas éticos que enfrentan los contadores públicos, en calidad de auditores o revisores fiscales en la ciudad de Cartagena. De igual manera, el presente trabajo explora el impacto de las presiones que enfrentan los auditores o revisores fiscales de las firmas en este lugar y cómo éstas afectan la objetividad e independencia en los informes o dictámenes; al mismo tiempo se hace un análisis de cómo actúan frente a las presiones y los dilemas éticos que viven al desarrollar su labor.
Para dar alcance a estos objetivos, se realizó una encuesta a 39 profesionales; de tal manera, con la que se busca analizar las presiones y los dilemas éticos afrontados por los auditores de las principales firmas de auditoría de la ciudad de Cartagena, quienes en su ejercicio pueden ser vulnerables en los aspectos éticos y morales a partir de las exigencias del contexto donde se desempeñan.
Este estudio cobra relevancia teniendo en cuenta que en Colombia se realizó una articulación del sistema contable nacional con las exigencias internacionales a partir de la expedición de la Ley 1314 de 2009, incluyendo el aseguramiento de la información; por lo que la inclusión de la auditoría con un marco normativo más robusto y el código de ética de la International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), exigen a los profesionales un actuar con responsabilidad social.
Abstract
This article presents the results of a study and analysis of pressure and ethical dilemmas public accountants face as appointed auditors or as statuary auditors in the City of Cartagena. In like manner, this document addresses the impact of the pressure auditors or statuary auditors face in firms in this city and how these affect their objectivity and independence in their reports or rulings; simultaneously, an analysis is performed on how they behave while facing pressure and ethical dilemmas that they confront while carrying out their work.
To reach these objectives, a questionnaire was applied to 40 professionals; in such a way that this investigation aims to analyze the pressure and ethical dilemmas which auditors from the main firms confront in the City of Cartegena, who, during their practice, may experience a violation of ethical and moral aspects based on the demands from the context where they perform their duties.
This study takes on special relevance considering that Colombia has established a joint articulation between its national accounting system and with international requirements since the issuance of Law 1314 of 2009, including information assurance; Therefore, the inclusion of auditing with a more robust regulatory framework and the Code of Ethics of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), require professionals to act with social responsibility.