bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ethiopian Scholar in Tridentine Rome: Täsfa Ṣeyon and the Birth of Orientalism
Authors: Salvadore Matteo , De Lorenzi James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article surveys the diasporic life and legacy of the Ethiopian ecclesiastic Täsfa Ṣeyon. After examining his origins in the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia and the circumstances of his arrival in mid-sixteenth-century Rome, the article outlines his contributions to the evolving Latin Catholic understanding of Ethiopia. Täsfa Ṣeyon was a librarian, copyist, teacher, translator, author, and community leader, as well as a prominent adviser to European humanist scholars and Church authorities concerned with orientalistphilologia sacraas it pertained to Ethiopian Orthodox (täwaḥedo) Christianity. As such, he was a key extra-European agent in the Tridentine project of Ethiopianist and Eastern Christian knowledge production. The article also surveys the complex modern legacy of Täsfa Ṣeyon's career, documenting his posthumous influence in the fields of Ethiopianist Semitic studies and Ethiopian vernacular historiography.
The Ugandan hip-hop image: the uses of activism and excess in fragile sites
Authors: Singh Simran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the characteristics of image in Ugandan hip-hop with a particular focus on representations of activism and excess. Locating Uganda as a fragile site on the basis of widespread political, social and economic marginalisation, this examination considers members of Uganda's first generation of hip-hop artists, to argue that both activism and excess act in singular response to these circumstances. Finding articulation in strivings for economic freedom and social justice, the Ugandan hip-hop image reveals negotiations of histories of colonialism and of contemporary neoliberal capitalism: in doing so, it raises intersections of race and gender, informed by hip-hop's significance as a multi-billion-dollar global industry. This cross-disciplinary inquiry combines ethnomusicology with media, cultural and visual studies in dialogue with political economy.
‘I say high, you say low’: the Beatles and cultural hierarchies in 1960s and 1970s Britain
Authors: Collins Marcus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe debate over the cultural value of the Beatles was as vehement as it was significant in 1960s and early 1970s Britain. Lennon and McCartney's early compositions received some early critical plaudits,Sgt. Peppersought to blur distinctions between high and low culture and the band members’ side projects forged links with the avant garde. To accept the Beatles as artists, however, required critics to rethink how art was created, disseminated and evaluated and how it interacted with contemporary social, economic and technological change. This article makes extensive use of contemporary journalism, scholarship and fan literature, much of it unstudied, to demonstrate that the rethinking process was contested and protracted. No consensus emerged. Claims made for their artistry, which contributed to a wider discourse elevating ‘rock’ over ‘pop’, were countered by cultural conservatives who defended their own status as artists and intellectuals by exposing the Beatles as kitsch.
Claire Kramsch in conversation with Zhu Hua
Authors: Kramsch Claire , Hua Zhu 
Published: March 2021

The following conversation between Zhu Hua (ZH) and Claire Kramsch (CK) was conducted on 27 October 2020 at a webinar organized by Rebecca Taylor and Rachel Tonkin from Cambridge University Press on the occasion of the impending publication of Claire's book Language as Symbolic Power and in the shadow of the imminent presidential American election. What follows are extracts from the conversation in which we have incorporated some of the questions sent in by the attendees.ZH:What motivated you to choose this topic for your book?
Physical parameters of bovine activated oocytes and zygotes as predictors of development success
Authors: Timlin Claire L. , Lynn Alexa , Wooldridge Lydia K. , Uh Kyungjun , Ealy Alan D. , White Robin R. , Lee Kiho , Mercadante Vitor R.G. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe worldwide production of in vitro-produced embryos in livestock species continues to grow. The current gold standard for selecting quality oocytes and embryos is morphologic assessment, yet this method is subjective and varies based on experience. There is a need for a non-invasive, objective method of selecting viable oocytes and embryos. The aim of this study was to determine if ooplasm area, diameter including zona pellucida (ZP), and ZP thickness of artificially activated oocytes and in vitro fertilized (IVF) zygotes are indicative of development success in vitro and correlated with embryo quality, as assessed by total blastomere number. Diameter affected the probability of development to the blastocyst stage in activated oocytes on day 7 (P < 0.01) and day 8 (P < 0.001), and had a tendency to affect IVF zygotes on day 8 (P = 0.08). Zona pellucida thickness affected the probability of development on day 7 (P < 0.01) and day 8 (P < 0.001) in activated oocytes, and day 8 for IVF zygotes (P < 0.05). An interaction between ZP thickness and diameter was observed on days 7 and 8 (P < 0.05) in IVF zygotes. Area did not significantly affect the probability of development, but was positively correlated with blastomere number on day 8 for IVF zygotes (P = 0.01, conditional R2 = 0.09). Physical parameters of bovine zygotes have the potential for use as a non-invasive, objective selection method. Upon further development, methods used in this study could be integrated into embryo production systems to improve IVF success.
The Michigan Appropriateness Guide for Intravenous Catheters in children with congenital heart disease: miniMAGIC-CHD
Authors: Perry Tanya , Ullman Amanda J , Aiyagari Ranjit , Pitts Stephanie , Jacobs Jeffrey P , Cooper David S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:The approach to vascular access in children with CHD is a complex decision-making process that may have long-term implications. To date, evidence-based recommendations have not been established to inform this process.Methods:The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to develop miniMAGIC, including sequential phases: definition of scope and key terms; information synthesis and literature review; expert multidisciplinary panel selection and engagement; case scenario development; and appropriateness ratings by expert panel via two rounds. Specific recommendations were made for children with CHD.Results:Recommendations were established for the appropriateness of the selection, characteristics, and insertion technique of intravenous catheters in children with CHD with both univentricular and biventricular physiology.Conclusion:miniMAGIC-CHD provides evidence-based criteria for intravenous catheter selection for children with CHD.
RECIPROCITY SHEAVES AND THEIR RAMIFICATION FILTRATIONS
Authors: Rülling Kay , Saito Shuji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe define a motivic conductor for any presheaf with transfersFusing the categorical framework developed for the theory of motives with modulus by Kahn, Miyazaki, Saito and Yamazaki. IfFis a reciprocity sheaf, this conductor yields an increasing and exhaustive filtration on$F(L)$, whereLis any henselian discrete valuation field of geometric type over the perfect ground field. We show that ifFis a smooth group scheme, then the motivic conductor extends the Rosenlicht–Serre conductor; ifFassigns toXthe group of finite characters on the abelianised étale fundamental group ofX, then the motivic conductor agrees with the Artin conductor defined by Kato and Matsuda; and ifFassigns toXthe group of integrable rank$1$connections (in characteristic$0$), then it agrees with the irregularity. We also show that this machinery gives rise to a conductor for torsors under finite flat group schemes over the base field, which we believe to be new. We introduce a general notion of conductors on presheaves with transfers and show that on a reciprocity sheaf, the motivic conductor is minimal and any conductor which is defined only for henselian discrete valuation fields of geometric type withperfectresidue field can be uniquely extended to all such fields without any restriction on the residue field. For example, the Kato–Matsuda Artin conductor is characterised as the canonical extension of the classical Artin conductor defined in the case of a perfect residue field.
Cardiac and vascular health in late preterm infants
Authors: Dissanayake Hasthi U. , McMullan Rowena L. , Kong Yang , Caterson Ian D. , Celermajer David S. , Phang Melinda , Raynes-Greenow Camille , Polson Jaimie W. , Gordon Adrienne , Skilton Michael R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdults who were born preterm are at increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in later life. Infants born late preterm are the majority of preterm births; however, the effect of late preterm on risk of cardiovascular disease is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess whether vascular health and cardiac autonomic control differ in a group of late preterm newborn infants compared to a group of term-born infants.A total of 35 healthy late preterm newborn infants, with normal growth (34–36 completed weeks’ gestation) and 139 term-born infants (37–42 weeks’ gestation) were compared in this study. Aortic wall thickening, assessed as aortic intima–media thickness (IMT) by high-resolution ultrasound, and cardiac autonomic control, assessed by heart rate variability, were measured during the first week of life. Postnatal age of full-term and late preterm infants at the time of the study was 5 days (standard deviation [SD] 5) and 4 days (SD 3), respectively.Infants born late preterm show reduced aortic IMT (574 μm [SD 51] vs. 612 μm [SD 73]) and reduced heart rate variability [log total power 622.3 (606.5) ms2 vs. 1180. 6 (1114.3) ms2], compared to term infants. These associations remained even after adjustment for sex and birth weight.Infants born late preterm show selective differences in markers of cardiovascular risk, with potentially beneficial differences in aortic wall thickness in contrast to potentially detrimental differences in autonomic control, when compared with term-born control infants. These findings provide pathophysiologic evidence to support an increased risk of hypertension and sudden cardiac death in individuals born late preterm.
A three-arm randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a positive psychology and social networking intervention in promoting mental health among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in China
Authors: Li J. , Mo P. K. H. , Kahler C. W. , Lau J. T. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
There is a lack of mental health promotion and treatment services targeting HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HIVMSM) in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health promotion efficacy of an online intervention that combined Three Good Things (TGT) with electronic social networking (TGT-SN) and an intervention that used TGT only (TGT-only), compared with a control group.

Methods
We conducted a randomised controlled trial among HIVMSM in Chengdu, China. The participants were randomly assigned to the TGT-SN, TGT-only, and control groups. The participants in the TGT-SN group were divided into five social network groups and asked to post brief messages to the group about three good things that they had experienced and for which they felt grateful. The participants in the TGT-only group were only required to write down their three good things daily without sharing them with others. The control group received information about mental health promotion once a week for a month. The primary outcome was probable depression. Secondary outcomes were anxiety, positive and negative affect, gratitude, happiness and social support. These outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Repeated-measures analyses were conducted using generalised estimation equations. The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-TRC-13003252).

Results
Between June 2013 and May 2015, 404 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the TGT-SN (n = 129), TGT-only (n = 139) or control group (n = 136). The main effects of TGT-SN (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.75, 95% CI 0.52–1.09; p = 0.131) and TGT-only (aOR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.57–1.21; p = 0.332) in reducing depression were statistically non-significant. The participants of the TGT-SN group showed significantly lower anxiety symptoms (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.89; p = 0.009) and negative affect (β = −1.62, 95% CI 2.98 to −0.26; p = 0.019) over time compared with those of the control group. No significant main effect was found for any secondary outcomes for the TGT-only group.

Conclusions
The novel intervention combining the TGT exercise with electronic social networking was found effective in reducing anxiety and negative affect among HIVMSM.
Do Males Affect Twinning Events? A Review of Current Findings/Twin Research Reviews: Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Parkinson’s Disease; Fetal Loss in Twin Pregnancies Following Prenatal Diagnosis; Uterine Rupture and Repair in an Early Twin Pregnancy; Twin Study of Affectionate Communication/Human Interest: Conjoined Twins in a Triplet Set; Identical Twin Nurses Deliver Identical Twins; Identical Twins Discordant for COVID-19 Recovery Course; Identical Twins Pass Away from COVID-19; Archeological Finds of Oldest Identical Twins
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch into the origins of twinning has focused mostly on contributions from the female side of the family. A review of current findings suggests that possible male contributions to twinning events have been overlooked. This section is followed by brief reviews of twin research concerning monozygotic twins discordant for Parkinson’s disease, fetal loss in twin pregnancies following prenatal diagnosis, uterine rupture and repair in an early twin pregnancy and a twin study of affectionate communication. The concluding portion of this article presents human interest stories involving twins that are both informative and poignant, namely conjoined twins in a triplet set, identical twin nurses who delivered identical twins, identical twins discordant for COVID-19 recovery course, identical twins who passed away from COVID-19 and archeological finds of the oldest identical twins.
Deep Chlorophyll Maxima in the Global Ocean: Occurrences, Drivers and Characteristics
Authors: Cornec M. , Claustre H. , Mignot A. , Guidi L. , Lacour L. , Poteau A. , D'Ortenzio F. , Gentili B. , Schmechtig C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStratified oceanic systems are characterized by the presence of a so‐called Deep Chlorophyll a Maximum (DCM) not detectable by ocean color satellites. A DCM can either be a phytoplankton (carbon) biomass maximum (Deep Biomass Maximum, DBM), or the consequence of photoacclimation processes (Deep photoAcclimation Maximum, DAM) resulting in the increase of chlorophyll a per phytoplankton carbon. Even though these DCM (further qualified as either DBMs or DAMs) have long been studied, no global‐scale assessment has yet been undertaken and large knowledge gaps still remain in relation to the environmental drivers responsible for their formation and maintenance. In order to investigate their spatial and temporal variability in the open ocean, we use a global data set acquired by more than 500 Biogeochemical‐Argo floats given that DCMs can be detected from the comparative vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentrations and particulate backscattering coefficients. Our findings show that the seasonal dynamics of the DCMs are clearly region‐dependent. High‐latitude environments are characterized by a low occurrence of intense DBMs, restricted to summer. Meanwhile, oligotrophic regions host permanent DAMs, occasionally replaced by DBMs in summer, while subequatorial waters are characterized by permanent DBMs benefiting from favorable conditions in terms of both light and nutrients. Overall, the appearance and depth of DCMs are primarily driven by light attenuation in the upper layer. Our present assessment of DCM occurrence and of environmental conditions prevailing in their development lay the basis for a better understanding and quantification of their role in carbon budgets (primary production and export).
Freshwater Variability and Transport in the Labrador Sea From In Situ and Satellite Observations
Authors: Majumder Sudip , Castelao Renato M. , Amos Caitlin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Greenland ice sheet is melting at increasing rates. Changes in freshwater input to the Labrador Sea can influence coastal circulation and biological processes, stratification, and potentially winter convection. Many recent studies have investigated freshwater variability in the region based on model simulations or observations with limited spatial/temporal coverage. Here, we use in situ (1990–2019) and satellite (2011–2017) observations of surface salinity to characterize freshwater content and to identify transport pathways in the Labrador Sea over multiple years. Large freshening is observed in coastal waters off southwest Greenland from July to November. Interannual variability in freshening near the coast seems to be at least partially related to variability in meltwater input, although the sparseness of in situ data precludes a quantitative assessment. The seasonal westward transport of freshwater is enhanced between 60°–62°N and especially between 63°–64.8°N from August to October, with the low‐salinity waters circumnavigating the basin following the 1,000–2,000 m isobaths. That pathway coincides with intensifications in the component of the surface geostrophic flow that is directed offshore, highlighting the role played by the large‐scale circulation on the westward transport of the freshwater. Low‐salinity water can be transported toward the central Labrador Sea at synoptic scales, however, where it can potentially influence stratification. Consistent with previous modeling studies, offshore freshening is reduced in years with persistent downwelling‐favorable wind conditions. Despite limitations under cold water conditions, satellite observations of surface salinity compare well with in situ data suggesting that they can be useful for monitoring freshwater content in high latitudes.
Biweekly Mixed Rossby‐Gravity Waves in the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Pujiana Kandaga , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study describes biweekly (defined as periods between 10 and 15 days) ocean variability in relation to equatorial wave theory using a comprehensive set of moored ocean current velocities as well as satellite‐retrieved oceanic and atmospheric parameters in the Indian Ocean. Moored biweekly current velocities exhibit the meridional structure of mixed Rossby‐gravity waves: Symmetric for meridional velocity and antisymmetric for zonal velocity around the equator with a decay scale of 228–309 km. The biweekly meridional velocity along the equator has average zonal and vertical wavelengths of 3,430 ± 550 km and 0.76 ± 0.15 km, respectively, with phase propagating westward at speeds of 2.8–3.1 m s−1 and upward at 54–56 m day−1. Conversely, wave energy is inferred to propagate eastward and downward. The range of best fit constants (1.4–2.0 m s−1) that result from the linear separation of horizontal and vertical wave structures suggests the second baroclinic wave mode is dominant over other low baroclinic modes in accounting for the velocity variability. The biweekly waves are forced by surface winds; satellite‐derived wind stress, sea level, and surface current anomalies, regressed against the first principal component of the biweekly moored velocities, illustrate the basin‐scale structure and temporal evolution of the waves.
Transitioning out of Open Access: A Closer Look at Institutions for Management of Groundwater Rights in France, California, and Spain
Authors: Rouillard J. , Babbitt C. , Pulido‐Velazquez M. , Rinaudo J.‐D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany regions around the world are transitioning out of open access to groundwater resources in order to tackle over extraction by irrigated agriculture. However, the state has limited capacities to regulate effectively agricultural groundwater use. This paper evaluates how users and public authorities can co‐manage groundwater extraction by agriculture. Based on Schlager and Ostrom’s “bundle of rights” framework, the paper examines how decisions over access and use of groundwater resources are made in France, Spain and California. The three cases share a common strive to involve groundwater users in decisions over how to reduce over extraction of groundwater resources. However, different choices were made regarding the institutional set‐up for user involvement in allocation decisions. The paper presents the diversity of institutional arrangements influencing groundwater allocations in the three cases, and the relative involvement and power of users and public authorities over these institutions. The papers show the different ways in which “comanagement” may be made operational for managing agricultural groundwater use.
The role of neuropeptide somatostatin in the brain and its application in treating neurological disorders
Authors: Song You-Hyang , Yoon Jiwon , Lee Seung-Hee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSomatostatin (SST) is a well-known neuropeptide that is expressed throughout the brain. In the cortex, SST is expressed in a subset of GABAergic neurons and is known as a protein marker of inhibitory interneurons. Recent studies have identified the key functions of SST in modulating cortical circuits in the brain and cognitive function. Furthermore, reduced expression of SST is a hallmark of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and depression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SST expression and function in the brain. In particular, we describe the physiological roles of SST-positive interneurons in the cortex. We further describe the causal relationship between pathophysiological changes in SST function and various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, we discuss potential treatments and possibility of novel drug developments for neurological disorders based on the current knowledge on the function of SST and SST analogs in the brain derived from experimental and clinical studies.