bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational Anaemia and its Associated Factors in Normal Pregnant Women
Authors: Khidri Feriha Fatima , Amjad Rubina , Naz Farah , Hussain Abid , Ali Faiza Kamran 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To determine the hemoglobin levels in normal pregnant women and investigate the association of anemia with gestational age, number of antenatal visits, obstetrical complications and mode of delivery.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Lady Willingdon Hospital, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan from May 2021 to August 2021. A total of 139 normal pregnant women were recruited during antenatal visits. Patients were grouped into normal and anemic groups based on serum hemoglobin levels. Gestational age, obstetrical complications, mode of delivery and fetal outcome were recorded to find its association with anemia. Data was analyzed on SPSS 20.0 and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Out of n=139 normal pregnant women, n=26 women had normal hemoglobin levels, n=49 were mild anemic, n=46 had moderate anemia whereas n=18 had severe anemia. Overall, the prevalence of gestational anemia was 81%. There was significant association between hemoglobin status and number of antenatal visits and complications in previous pregnancies. Hemoglobin status was not significantly associated with gestational age and mode of delivery.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that gestational anemia is highly prevalent in Pakistan. Early detection of anemia and its correction via supplementations are recommended.
Assessment of the Level of Knowledge on Autism among the Mothers of Toddlers in Selected Village, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Nandhini M. , Manjula T. R. , Jenifer M. Maria Auxilli 
Published: December 2021

Background: Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Mothers of toddlers should have knowledge on Autism to identify the child in earlier age and to treat the child.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge on autism among the mothers of toddlers. The objectives were to find out the level of knowledge on autism among the mothers and to find out the association between the level of knowledge on autism and selected demographic variables of the mothers of toddlers.
Materials and Methods: A non-experimental, descriptive study was conducted. The sampling technique was snow ball sampling technique with the sample of 50 mothers of toddlers and questionnaires were formulated, a structured interview schedule was used to assess the level of knowledge on autism among the mothers of toddlers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. The data collection procedure was done for period of 2 weeks. The study was initiated after obtaining prior permission from the concern authorities.
Results: The findings of this study revealed that 44% of the mothers of toddlers had inadequate knowledge, 44% had moderately adequate knowledge and only 2% had adequate knowledge on autism. There was significant association between level of knowledge and demographic variables such as age, occupation and previous knowledge on Autism of mothers of toddlers.
Prognostic Value of Thyroid Hormone Dysfunction and Age in Septicemic Post-Surgical Patients
Authors: Rain Pallavi , Batra Jyoti , Batra Ankit , Kumar Satish , Mitra Shaila 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Critical illness and sepsis are difficult to treat with increasing age because of the poor adaptive physiological system as age progresses. The study tries to identify prognostic markers among thyroid hormones for post-surgical critically ill subjects, who have sepsis, to improve the outcome of patients with increasing age.
Methods: Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated by ARCHITECT immunoassay kits in 127 post-surgical critically ill patients with sepsis. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was recorded for each patient.
Results: The FT3, FT4 and TSH levels decreased and SOFA score increased with increasing age. Thyroid markers were significantly inversely correlated with age (for FT4 r= -0.616, p<0.0001 and for TSH r= -0.453, p<0.0001), with the strongest correlation between FT3 and age (r=0.674, p<0.0001). A positive correlation was observed between SOFA score and age (r=0.577, p<0.0001). FT3 decreases, SOFA and age increase from improved prognosis to worst prognosis (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: FT3 surfaced as a prominent prognostic marker that may be used in predicting the prognosis of post-surgical critically ill geriatric patients with sepsis.
Gender Difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Diagnosed Hypertension
Authors: Chachar Tarique Shahzad , Laghari Ummama , Mangrio Ghullam Mustafa , Dars Abdul Ghaffar , Farhad Ruqayya , Tunio Yar Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Our study was designed to compare the gender difference in Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in patients of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan from December 2019 to December 2020. Blood pressure was measured twice by trained physicians using aneroid sphygmomanometers after a standardized protocol. Patients were asked to sit with both feet on the floor for ≥5 minutes before the first BP measurement. Both the two BP measurements were taken 60 seconds apart. For this research we defined hypertension as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg.
Results: We conducted a comparison between Hypertensive and nonhypertensive participants of the male and female groups. High blood pressure increased the level of uric acid in both male and female groups (351 ± 92 vs 303 ± 75). We observed that the hypertensive male population reported a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors due to increase amount of total cholesterol level, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.45 ± 1.01, 1.42 ± 0.85, 2.56 ± 0.70) than females (5.15 ± 0.91, 1.29 ± 0.87, 2.30 ± 0.63).
Conclusion: Our results concluded that the male hypertensive population is more prone to future cardiovascular risk due to increased amount of total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and sex hormones (androgens).
Demographic and Clinical Profile of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Munde Anita , Nayak Pooja , Mishra Sunil , Karle Ravindra , Farooqui Anjum , Sawade Ruchira , Deshpande Anuja 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Assessment of risk factors and the role of habit variables such as duration and frequency in the severity of OSMF and to ascertain the association of gender predilection for different habits and severity of OSMF.
Study Design: Descriptive retrospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Loni Bk. between January 2012 and December 2019.
Methodology: This descriptive retrospective study of 1790 OSMF patients was carried out at the tertiary level dental hospital in the rural population of Western Maharashtra. The clinicodemographic data including details of habits was collected for a period of 8 years.
Results: The average age of the patient in the study was 32.8 years, with 16.5:1 M:F ratio. Significantly higher proportions of females (69.6%) were illiterate and belonged to low socioeconomic status.There was a statistically significant increase for areca nut chewing (OR=0.135(0.054-0.342), P < 0.0001), gutkha chewing (OR=22.32(10.421-47.817), P < 0.0001),
tobacco chewing (OR= 0.111(0.04-0.308), p<0.0001), smoking habits (OR=30.791(7.472-126.89), P < 0.0001) and alcohol (OR=12.692(3.077-52.347, p < 0.0001) in males when compared with females.The maximum patients were seen in stage II (37%) and stage III (34%), followed by stage I (18.73%) and stage IV (10.3%) and the severity of OSMF was more in subjects who had the habits for longer duration.
Conclusion: There was a definite gender predilection for various habits and their variables (frequency, duration), educational and socioeconomic status, clinical features and disease severity. Significant correlation was also found between habit variables (duration, frequency) and severity of the disease.
Embolic Cerebral Infarction in Atrial Fibrillation: A Simple Review Article
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Ramdan , Albulayhid Saqer Bulayhid H. , Alrayes Fahad Hammad F. , Alrwaili Ahmad Saleh A. , Aldakhil Abdulrahman Rabia A. , Alotaibi Abeer Bakheet , Alrubayyi Sultan Faisal W. 
Published: December 2021

Stroke is known worldwide as the leading cause of premature death and disability. Developing countries are most exposed to the dual burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Poor people are increasingly affected by stroke due to changing risk factors in the population and, most tragically, not being able to afford the high costs of stroke treatment. Despite significant improvements in primary prevention and acute care over the last few decades, stroke remains a catastrophic illness. Unchangeable risk factors for stroke are some established and changeable risk factors for age, gender, race, ethnicity, heredity, and ischemic stroke.
Exploring Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Towards Vitamin D among Arts and Commerce Students in Vistas Chennai
Authors: Rao M. Varaprasanna , Alam Mashhud 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Vitamin D is an essential nutrient and a group of fat-soluble pro-hormones with multiple functions in the body including bone health, regulation of serum calcium and phosphate levels, as well as roles in immune function, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The two major biologically inert precursors of vitamin D are vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D3 is also formed when the skin is exposed to solar ultraviolet B and then converted to pre-vitamin D3 (Sunshine Vitamin). The severe vitamin D deficiency in adults and children’s causes softening of bones, muscle weakness and fractures.
Aim: The aim of the study is to explore knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Vitamin D among Arts & Commerce students in Vels University Chennai.
Methods and Materials: The study was a prospective cross-sectional, carried out in the department of arts and commerce students in VISTAS Chennai. The questionnaire then underwent a series of validation process that included content, face validity and exploratory part. Item response theory (IRT) analysis was utilized for the validation of the knowledge domain. Exploratory factor Analysis (EFA) used for attitude and practice validation. Institutional Ethical Committee (VISTAS-SPS/IEC/VI/2020/05) approval was obtained before conducting the study. Self-online questionnaires link was sent via mail after registration. The questionnaire was divided based on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice with 5 questions each. Completed questionnaires were reviewed, entered into a database (SPSS) and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results and Discussion: In our study, a total of 362 students were included where majority were males from first year commerce department around 18 to 19 years of age. Majority of the students had knowledge on vitamin D, attitude towards every day sun exposure and practice of using sun screens.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that the students’ knowledge on vitamin D is good. There was an inconsistent practices towards managing its deficiency. Despite widespread, concern about vitamin D, still attitude and practice towards Vitamin D is yet to known for young generations.
Evaluation of a Potential Association between Head Lice (Pediculus capitis) Infestation and Anemia among Female Primary School Students in Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohamed Khalil , Ali Amir Elmubarek , Gafer Mohand , Alsulami Muslimah , Albar Halah Tariq , Abdel-Fattaha Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Aims: This study aimed to determine if there was an association between head lice infestation and anemia among female primary schools students.
Study Design: Case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia between August 2020 and November 2020.
Methodology: We conducted a case-control study by comparing hemoglobin levels among study subjects with and without head lice infestation. Female students at 6 randomly selected primary schools were examined for the presence of head lice. Hemoglobin levels were obtained from each study subject; both those with and without head lice. Selected characteristics of study subjects were recorded and examined to determine associations between those factors and anemia.
Results: A total of 82 subjects were included in the study; 44 subjects with head lice. The average (± standard deviation) age of subjects was 11 (± 2) (range: 6-11) years. We found a significant (p<0.028) association between the presence of head lice and hemoglobin level, the OR= 2.036 at 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 18.009. The mean of hemoglobin in subjects with lice was 13(±2) while the level in subjects without lice was 14.8(±2). Other factors significantly associated with the level of hemoglobin were being aged 10-11 years (p<0.05) and having a non-working mother (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In our study we found a significant association between head lice and level of hemoglobin among study subjects. Further studies are needed to determine the reason of this association in order to determine the appropriate management and prevention of this problem.
Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction after Endodontic Treatment Performed in Three Hospitals in Jeddah, kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassan Ragab Eid Saif , Alhamid Abdulrahman waseem hamid , Abdullah Alshuaybi Abdullah Abdlilwahid , Hamadallah Abdulaziz Osama Asaad 
Published: December 2021

Aims: To evaluate the quality of life of patients after endodontic treatment, and their satisfaction toward the endodontic treatment in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: A cross sectional study, was conducted on 300 patients who underwent endodontic treatment from 6 months to a week ago. The study was performed using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis software SPSS v.26.
Results: In the OHRQoL items, the total degree of the oral health-related quality of life assessment was medium with (M = 2.72 out of 5, RII = 54.4%, SD = 0.67), the most affected was "Feeling an excruciating pain in the mouth" with (M = 3.37 out of 5, RII = 67.4%, SD = 0.77), while the least was " Feeling irritable with others because of the teeth or mouth" with (M = 2.32 out of 5, RII = 46.4%, SD = 1.35). The total degree of the personal satisfaction assessment was high with (M = 3.78 out of 5, RII = 75.6%, SD = 0.67). "Postoperative Pleasantness" was the most satisfied part with (M = 3.86 out of 5, RII = 77.3%, SD = 0.87).
Conclusion: This study showed a moderate level of OHRQoL among patients after the endodontic treatment, and a high level of satisfaction among patients toward the endodontic treatment.
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescent School Children of Manipur, India
Authors: Amarnath L. S. , Singh Loushambam Samananda , Devi Ksh. Gomti , Ranjit R. K. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), one of the most common types of nutritional anemia worldwide is considered a major public health problem in developing countries. Prevalence in India remains alarmingly high. Population of Manipur, a small state in the north-eastern part of India, is different with distinct race, culture, socio-demographic pattern and dietary habits. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of IDA among apparently healthy school children of Manipur, India.
Methods: Three hundred and seventy-nine blood samples (163 males and 216 females) were collected randomly from urban and rural school children in the age group of 13 to 19 years from Imphal west and Thoubal districts of Manipur respectively. Eligible participants were subjected to haemoglobin (Hb) estimation and serum ferritin (SF) assay. Moreover, a questionnaire was designed to collect demographics, food and drink habits, hygienic practices and socioeconomic status. BMI of the students were also recorded.
Results: The overall prevalence of IDA was 23.2% (n = 88), of whom 81.81% were females (n = 72) and 18.18% were males (n = 16). Prevalence of IDA among the males and females was higher in the rural compared to urban schools but not statistically significant. Correlation between BMI and Hb was significant (p < 0.05) but not with serum ferritin status. Students belonging to the middle income group had the highest prevalence of ferritin deficiency followed by the high income group and low income group respectively. Both the Hb and serum ferritin levels of students who do hand wash before meals were significantly higher than those who do not. Both hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels do not differ significantly among students who prefer home-made traditional food and junk food.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the majority of the students, especially females, have IDA that might become worse by malnutrition, lifestyle habits, and lack of awareness. Our results suggest that IDA can be prevented by providing proper knowledge on the healthful diet, improved lifestyle, and harmful effect of IDA to the students.
AN INTERNAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLETE POSITIVITY FOR ELEMENTARY OPERATORS
Authors: Timoney Richard M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractComplete positivity of ‘atomically extensible’ bounded linear operators between $C^*$-algebras is characterized in terms of positivity of a bilinear form on certain finite-rank operators. In the case of an elementary operator on a $C^*$-algebra, the approach leads us to characterize k-positivity of the operator in terms of positivity of a quadratic form on a subset of the dual space of the algebra and in terms of a certain inequality involving factorial states of finite type I.As an application we characterize those $C^*$-algebras where every k-positive elementary operator on the algebra is completely positive. They are either k-subhomogeneous or k-subhomogeneous by antiliminal. We also give a dual approach to the metric operator space introduced by Arveson.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46L05. Secondary 47B47; 47B65
ON SOME CLASSES OF OPERATORS DETERMINED BY THE STRUCTURE OF THEIR MEMORY
Authors: Drakhlin Mikhail E. , Ponosov Arcady , Stepanov Eugene 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTwo classes of nonlinear operators generalizing the notion of a local operator between ideal function spaces are introduced. The first class, called atomic, contains in particular all the linear shifts, while the second one, called coatomic, contains all the adjoints to former, and, in particular, the conditional expectations. Both classes include local (in particular, Nemytski\v{\i}) operators and are closed with respect to compositions of operators. Basic properties of operators of introduced classes in the Lebesgue spaces of vector-valued functions are studied. It is shown that both classes inherit from Nemytski\v{\i} operators the properties of non-compactness in measure and weak degeneracy, while having different relationships of acting, continuity and boundedness, as well as different convergence properties. Representation results for the operators of both classes are provided. The definitions of the introduced classes as well as the proofs of their properties are based on a purely measure theoretic notion of memory of an operator, also introduced in this paper.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 47B38; 47A67; 34K05
THE EULER CLASS OF A POINCARÉ DUALITY GROUP
Authors: Leary Ian J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUnder an extra hypothesis satisfied in every known case, we show that the Euler class of an orientable odd-dimensional Poincaré duality group over any ring has order at most two. We construct groups that are of type FL over the complex numbers but are not FL over the rationals. We construct group algebras over fields for which $K_0$ contains torsion, and construct non-free stably free modules for the group algebras of certain virtually free groups.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 19A31. Secondary 16S34; 20J05; 55N15; 57P10
EXPLICIT CAPELLI IDENTITIES FOR SKEW SYMMETRIC MATRICES
Authors: Kinoshita Kenji , Wakayama Masato 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to obtain an explicit Capelli identity relating skew-symmetric matrices under the action of the general linear group $GL_N$. In particular, we give an explicit formula for the skew Capelli element in terms of the trace of powers of a matrix defined by the standard infinitesimal generators of $GL_N$.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 17B35. Secondary 17B10; 15A15; 20G05
ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY OF A NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Authors: Tang X. H. , Zou Xingfu 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe uniform stability of the zero solution and the asymptotic behaviour of all solutions of the neutral delay differential equation$$ [x(t)-P(t)x(t-\tau)]'+Q(t)x(t-\sigma)=0,\quad t\ge t_0, $$are investigated, where $\tau,\sigma\in(0,\infty)$, $P\in C([t_0,\infty),\mathbb{R})$, and $Q\in C([t_0,\infty), [0,\infty))$. The obtained sufficient conditions improve the existing results in the literature.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 34K20; 34K15; 34K40
CATHOLICISM IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND: BOSSY AND BEYOND
Authors: HAIGH CHRISTOPHER 
Published: July 2002

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