bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of prolonged use of over‐the‐counter bleaching agents on enamel: An in vitro study
Authors: Manso Adriana P , De Morais Dayana C. , Yamamoto Kayoko , Owen Gethin , de Carvalho Ricardo Marins , Palma‐Dibb Regina G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of four over‐the‐counter (OTC) bleaching products on the properties of enamel. Extracted human molars were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5): PD: Poladay (SDI), WG: White Teeth Global (White Teeth Global), CW: Crest3DWhite (Procter & Gamble), and HS: HiSmile (HiSmile). The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in each product was analyzed via titration. Twenty teeth were sectioned into quarters, embedded in epoxy resin, and polished. Each quarter‐tooth surface was treated with one of the four beaching times: T0: control/no‐bleaching, T14: 14 days, T28: 28 days, and T56: 56 days. Materials were applied to enamel surfaces as recommended. Enamel surfaces were examined for ultramicrohardness (UMH), elastic modulus (EM), superficial roughness (Sa), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ten additional teeth were used to evaluate color and degree of demineralization (DD) (n = 5). Data were statistically tested by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 5%). Enamel surfaces treated with PD and WG presented UMH values significantly lower than the controls (p < .05). Elastic modulus (E) was significantly reduced at T14 and T28 for PD, and at T14 for HS (p < .05). A significant increase in Sa was observed for CW at T14 (p < .05). Color changes were observed in the PD and WG groups. Additionally, DD analysis showed significant demineralization at T56 for CW. Overall, more evident morphological alterations were observed for bleaching products with higher concentrations of H2O2 (p < .05), PD, and WG. Over‐the‐counter bleaching products containing H2O2 can significantly alter enamel properties, especially when application time is extended.
Exploring reality television and social media as mediating factors between destination identity and destination image
Authors: Skinner Heather , Williams‐Burnett Nicola , Fallon Julia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContinuing trends towards location‐based reality television programmes and growth in social media usage have contributed to boundaries between various destination image formation sources becoming increasingly blurred. Through analysing comments made on online news reports and social media posts about a reality television programme set in the popular resort of Kavos on the Greek Island of Corfu, the study explores various elements of these programmes to offer original insights into destination image formation in this new media environment, thus furthering understanding that has previously been lacking in the literature about relationships between destination identity, online and social media, and destination images.
Changes in litter traits induced by vegetation restoration accelerate litter decomposition in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Wang Lijie , Zhou Wenxing , Hu Wei , Hu Jiawei , Hu Man 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe chemical traits of litter are among the most critical factors that affect its decomposition. During vegetation restoration of planted forests, increasing age of the planted species and succession of the understory species may lead to significant changes in litter traits. However, it is unclear how these changes occur and how they affect litter decomposition. Therefore, we studied the decomposition of litter from four Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in the Loess Plateau in China with stand ages of 10–43 years using an indoor simulation test. We measured changes in litter substrate quality and chemical diversity, structural properties of the litter microbial community, activity of litter enzymes, and mixed decomposition effects during vegetation restoration. Their relationships to changes in litter decomposition rate were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Improvements in substrate quality of forest litter induced by vegetation restoration drove changes in fungal community composition during late decomposition (day 358), which in turn increased the activity of lignin‐decomposing enzymes and ultimately accelerated litter decomposition. At the same time, decreases in the chemical diversity of forest litter induced by vegetation restoration reduced the diversity of litter fungi during middle and late decomposition (days 182 and 358). This caused significant negative mixed decomposition effects, thereby inhibiting litter decomposition. However, improvements in litter substrate quality dominated the changes in litter decomposition rate, and the decomposition rate of R. pseudoacacia plantation litter thus increased over the course of vegetation restoration.
Ecology and Life History of Snook Species in Texas
Authors: Getz Ethan T. , Garcia Andres , Eckert Catherine M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the abundance and distribution of snook species (Centropomus spp.) have increased and expanded in Texas. As mobile predators, snook have the potential to alter marine communities as they expand; however, little is known about the functional impact of snook in Texas. Here, a long-term (1982–2019) fishery-independent data set was utilized to describe snook life history characteristics. Bag-seine and gill-net data were used to determine distribution, size, spawning, and recruitment seasonality for Common Snook C. undecimalis and Fat Snook C. parallelus in Texas. Snook collected from the lower Laguna Madre were used to describe diet, length–weight relationships, and sex ratios. Results indicated that both Common and Fat snook abundance and range increased in Texas with expansion primarily led by Common Snook. Common Snook were larger than Fat Snook based on the length frequency analysis, but the latter were heavier at a given length. Spawning season for both species occurred during summer and peaked in July and August for Fat and Common snook, respectively. Evidence for protandric hermaphroditism was observed in Common Snook with females being significantly larger than males and a 50:50 male-to-female ratio occurring at 670 mm total length (TL). Diet analyses indicated that Common and Fat snook are generalist predators feeding on a variety of prey species. An ontogenetic shift in diet was observed in Common Snook as individuals &lt;500 mm TL fed primarily on shrimp, and those ≥500 mm TL fed primarily on fish. Fat Snook and subadult Common Snook possessed a high degree of dietary overlap, with shrimp being the most common prey item identified for each. These findings provide managers with the foundational aspects of snook life history at a time when the potential effects of the snook range expansion in Texas remain largely undescribed.
Statins and the risk of polyneuropathy: A systematic review and two meta‐analyses
Authors: Wannarong Thapat , Chaikijurajai Thanat , Preston David C. , Naweera Weerakit , Sukpornchairak Persen , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPrevious studies have shown inconsistent data on the relationship between statin use and polyneuropathy (PN). The current systematic review and meta‐analyses were conducted to comprehensively investigate the risk of incident PN among statin‐users compared with non‐users by identifying all available studies and summarizing their results.MethodsA systematic review was conducted from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to October 31, 2020. We included cohort and case–control studies that compared the risk of incident PN between statin‐users and non‐users. Point estimates and standard errors from eligible studies were pooled together using the generic inverse variance method.ResultsOf 4968 retrieved articles, 6 studies in non‐diabetic populations and 2 studies in diabetic populations fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two meta‐analyses were performed. The pooled analyses did not find a statistically significant association between the use of statins and risk of incident PN with the pooled odds ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.76; I274%) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.56–1.21; I280%) in non‐diabetic and diabetic groups respectively.DiscussionNo significant association between the use of statins and the risk of PN was observed in this systematic review and these two meta‐analyses. However, there was a high degree of heterogeneity of the meta‐analyses.
Three‐dimensional structured MXene/SiO2 for improving the interfacial properties of composites by self‐assembly strategy
Authors: Guo Jiaming , Qiu Tingtian , Yu Chengxingzi , Liu Yu , Ning Chen , Kong Lingqiang , Ma Yan , Liu Liu , Ao Yuhui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn unprecedented electrostatic self‐assembly of MXene and SiO2 on carbon fiber (CF) to enhance the interfacial properties of CF‐reinforced epoxy resin composites is disclosed. MXene with negative charge was anchored on the cationized CF surface via a strong electrostatic interaction, followed by synergistic effect of amine‐modified SiO2 (positive charge) to furnish a stable MXene/SiO2 material with three‐dimensional structure, which takes the advantages of high modulus, large specific surface area, and high‐surface activity. The involvement of the two nano‐materials with different dimensions and morphologies results in synergistic enhancement on mechanical interlocking, leading to excellent chemical bonding connection between CF and resin, which could transfer stress and dissipate energy effectively. Moreover, the surface energy of CF increased from 26.67 to 48.12 mJ/m2 after assembly of MXene/SiO2. Compared with unsized CF/EP composites, the interfacial shear strength, interlaminar shear strength, and flexural strength of CF/MXene/SiO2/epoxy (EP) composites were increased by 73.2%, 61.2%, and 39.2%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis poxy (DMA) tests showed that the storage modulus of the CF/MXene/SiO2/EP composites was enhanced by 64% compared with CF/EP composites, and the glass‐transition temperature of composites was elevated from 147.9 to 151.8°C. This protocol provides a promising strategy for designing advanced CF/EP composites with three‐dimensional structure.
Fabrication, swelling behavior, and water absorption kinetics of genipin‐crosslinked gelatin–chitosan hydrogels
Authors: Moshayedi Shadi , Sarpoolaky Hossein , Khavandi Alireza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGelatin/chitosan hydrogels have attracted considerable attention over the last 2 decades in various fields of applications. In this paper, chemically crosslinked composite hydrogels with different gelatin‐to‐chitosan weight ratios were fabricated and crosslinked with different amounts of genipin via the solvent casting technique combined with freeze‐drying. Fourier‐transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), liquid displacement method, and gravimetric analysis were used to examine the chemical, microstructural, and physical properties of the hydrogels. IR spectra confirmed the formation of covalent bonds between the amino groups of the parent's macromolecules and genipin. SEM micrographs indicated that the hydrogels possessed a highly porous structure with well‐defined pore geometries. The swelling capacity and degradation rate of the specimens reduced with increasing the amounts of chitosan and/or genipin. In‐depth swelling measurements revealed that the first‐order kinetic model was only applicable in the early stage of the swelling study; however, the water absorption behavior of the hydrogels was best described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model (Schott's model) throughout the swelling experiment. The genipin‐crosslinked hydrogels were found to support MC3T3‐E1 cell proliferation. The results of this paper thus suggest the 1.5% genipin‐crosslinked gelatin/chitosan hydrogels as promising candidates for on‐demand drug delivery applications or more precisely osteoarthritis drug delivery systems.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 in human papillomavirus‐related cancers
Authors: Cruz‐Gregorio Alfredo , Aranda‐Rivera Ana Karina , Pedraza‐Chaverri José 
Published: October 2021

SummaryHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infection is a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. Moreover, HR‐HPV is also associated with cancers in the anus, vagina, vulva, penis and oropharynx. HR‐HPVs target and modify the function of different cell biomolecules, such as glucose, amino acids, lipids and transcription factors (TF), such as p53, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), among others. The latter is a master TF that maintains redox homeostasis. Nrf2 also induces the transcription of genes associated with cell detoxification. Since both processes are critical for cell physiology, Nrf2 deregulation is associated with cancer development. Nrf2 is a crucial molecule in HPV‐related cancer development but underexplored. Moreover, Nrf2 activation is also associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in these cancers. This review focusses on the importance of Nrf2 during HPV‐related cancer development, resistance to therapy and potential therapies associated with Nrf2 as a molecular target.
Learning‐basedT‐sHDP() for optimal control of a class of nonlinear discrete‐time systems
Authors: Yu Luyang , Liu Weibo , Liu Yurong , Alsaadi Fawaz E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the optimal control problem via reinforcement learning for a class of nonlinear discrete‐time systems. The nonlinear system under consideration is assumed to be partially unknown. A new learning‐based algorithm,T‐step heuristic dynamic programming with eligibility traces (T‐sHDP()), is proposed to tackle the optimal control problem for such partially unknown system. First, the concerned optimal control problem is turned into its equivalence problem, that is, solving a Bellman equation. Then, theT‐sHDP() is utilized to get an approximate solution of Bellman equation, and a rigorous convergence analysis is also conducted as well. Instead of the commonly used single step update approach, theT‐sHDP() stores finite step past returns by introducing a parameter, and then utilizes these knowledge to update the value function (VF) of multiple moments synchronously, so as to achieve higher convergence speed. For implementation ofT‐sHDP(), a neural network‐based actor‐critic architecture is applied to approximate VF and optimal control scheme. Finally, the feasibility of the algorithm is demonstrated by two illustrative simulation examples.
A case study of science teachers' goal conflicts arising when integrating engineering into science classes
Authors: Hutner Todd L. , Sampson Victor , Chu Lawrence , Baze Christina L. , Crawford Richard H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Framework for K‐12 Science Education details new goals to guide improvement of US science education. Among the new goals, the inclusion of engineering core ideas and practices stand out. We report a case study of four 8th‐grade science teachers who chose to integrate engineering core ideas and practices into their science classes by teaching four STEM design challenges (SDC). This study focuses on understanding the goal conflicts arising from these teachers' choice and how they resolve their goal conflicts. Primary data come from semistructured interviews conducted with each teacher. The goal conflicts expressed by our teachers fell into one of two broad categories: pacing conflicts and mandated testing conflicts. Pacing conflicts exist between the goals of teaching the SDCs in full and the goals of following the district‐wide pacing guide and covering all state mandated standards. Mandated testing conflicts were those goal conflicts arising between teaching the SDCs and ensuring that students were successful on officially mandated tests from the state and the district. The science teachers resolved their conflicts through goal balancing, where actions taken to satisfy one goal (teaching the SDCs) allow a person to subsequently pursue actions toward satisfying a conflicting goal. In this study, goal balancing is exhibited by teachers partially completing each SDC before moving on to the next topic. Finally, we discuss these findings in relationship to the existing literature on science teachers' goals and provide implications for science teachers' professional development and for research.
Machine learning enables national assessment of wind plant controls with implications for land use
Authors: Harrison‐Atlas Dylan , King Ryan N. , Glaws Andrew 
Published: October 2021

SummaryAs deployment of wind energy continues to expand, computationally efficient tools for predicting wind plant performance over a wide range of layout designs, technology innovations, and spatial locations are increasingly important for policy and investment decisions. We demonstrate two approaches to training a surrogate model to predict annual energy production (AEP) of parameterized wind plant layouts: one using a Gaussian process (GP) and the other using a fully convolutional neural network (FCNN). We leverage the powerful FCNN architecture by encoding wind plant design parameters and output response surface as an image. The FCNN produces more accurate results than the GP with mean absolute errors equivalent to 1% and 1.9% of plant rated power, respectively, although the GP performs well under limited training data and provides useful uncertainty information. We also evaluate a surrogate model for wake steering, enabling a nationwide assessment of the impact of plant control strategies and plant layout decisions. Across two million locations, we find that wake steering strategies boost AEP with relative gains upwards of 3%. Gains are most pronounced at sites without a dominant wind direction and where layout optimization is less fruitful. Additionally, we perform a nationwide sensitivity analysis showing that wake steering can mitigate wake losses from higher density plant layouts. Our results suggest that regions which have not been previously viable for wind deployment due to moderate wind resources are especially well enhanced by wake steering strategies that could help overcome land constraints and inflexible layout options, potentially identifying new deployment opportunities.
Evidencing Culture for Policy
Authors: Oman Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter looks under the bonnet of research, interrogating data and evidence used in social and cultural policy. It looks at data in the culture-well-being relationship in three ways. First, if well-being data can indicate whether policy spend on culture is good for society. Second, a review of two projects that evaluate ‘cultural occupations’ and ‘artistic practice’ in the UK and the US. Despite ostensibly similar approaches with well-being data, different understandings of these categories affect findings. Third, Italian research found ‘cultural access’ was vital to well-being, but its operationalisations are curious in ways that affect the conclusions and recommendations. Understanding well-being data—and the contexts of their use—is critical in appreciating evidence, its limits and uses in social and cultural policy.
Importance of Building Energy Efficiency Towards National and Regional Energy Targets
Authors: Aktaş Can B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe buildings sector in the EU consumes 40% of energy and is responsible for 36% of CO2 emissions. With growing public interest on the subject, there have been several EU policies developed to curb impacts. Statistical analysis conducted in the case study indicates an increase in both total and buildings’ energy consumption trends leading up to 2030, with total energy consumption having an expected value of 40% increase and building energy consumption having an expected value of 33% increase. Analysis results indicate that building energy consumption could be maintained at current levels if a proactive approach is embraced. Focusing solely on buildings’ energy consumption does not solve national or regional energy problems, but neglecting them altogether prevents significant gains to be made. Building energy efficiency is not the solution by itself to achieve energy goals in EU, but is an important contributor toward the solution.
Setting Internal Price of Environmental Criteria, the Good Way to Transform Organization?
Authors: Morel Stéphane , Iken Nabila , Aggeri Franck 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this communication, we present some lessons learned on the construction of an internal carbon price by businesses, based on the four-dimensional framework of the Carbon Disclosure Project. We illustrate the scheme with the example of a car manufacturer. Based on grey literature and the conclusions of exchanges with various companies, we discuss the different dimensions of the CDP framework within the scope of the automotive sector. We also analyse the various risk and success factors associated with the carbon pricing tool at organizational, tooling, business and cultural levels within a car manufacturer. We conclude that the carbon pricing tool requires many design choices and a reflection on the company’s objective regarding climate change mitigation.
Enhancing Life Cycle Management Through the Symbiotic Use of Data Envelopment Analysis: Novel Advances in LCA + DEA
Authors: Álvarez-Rodríguez Cristina , Martín-Gamboa Mario , Iribarren Diego 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe combined use of Life Cycle Assessment and Data Envelopment Analysis (LCA + DEA) arises as a growing field of research when evaluating multiple similar entities under the umbrella of eco-efficiency and sustainability. This chapter revisits a set of four recent LCA + DEA articles within the tertiary sector to explore the novel advances offered regarding the application of the well-established five-step LCA + DEA method for enhanced sustainability benchmarking. These advances – which relate to the DEA stage of the framework – include the calculation of gradual benchmarks for continuous improvement, the period-oriented benchmarking of unidivisional or multidivisional entities, and the implementation of decision-makers’ preferences in the assessment. Overall, these advances further stress the suitability of using DEA to enhance the capabilities of LCA for the sustainability-oriented management of multiple similar entities.
Carbon Footprint as a First Step Towards LCA Usage
Authors: Motta Wladmir H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to reduce the current intensive and inefficient use of resources and especially the negative impacts on the environment, some initiatives have emerged in different areas. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been one of the most accepted and used methodology. Despite this fact, there are countries where LCA is not yet fully implemented. On the other hand, there is another approach, the carbon footprint (CF), that can follow the same life cycle approach patterns considering the phases and steps of a LCA. In this sense, this study proposes CF use as an introductory methodology of the life cycle thinking in companies at countries where LCA is still not effectively in use. The proposal is conducted through a bibliographic study and a field research. The findings point to acceptance of the proposal, considering that with the use of CF, the companies will come to know and use the principles of life cycle thinking, thus facilitating the understanding and the implementation of LCA.