bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASCL2 reciprocally controls key trophoblast lineage decisions during hemochorial placenta development
Authors: Varberg Kaela M. , Iqbal Khursheed , Muto Masanaga , Simon Mikaela E. , Scott Regan L. , Kozai Keisuke , Choudhury Ruhul H. , Aplin John D. , Biswell Rebecca , Gibson Margaret , Okae Hiroaki , Arima Takahiro , Vivian Jay L. , Grundberg Elin , Soares Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Defective placentation, including impaired uterine spiral artery remodeling, leads to pregnancy disorders such as pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth, all of which cause significant morbidity and mortality for the mother and fetus. Trophoblast cells are central to executing placental functions and can differentiate into two conserved specialized lineages: invasive/extravillous trophoblast cells, which guide uterine transformation, and syncytiotrophoblast, which serve a barrier function. We leveraged model systems to identify achaete-scute homolog 2 as a conserved regulator of the invasive/extravillous trophoblast cell lineage and a modulator of the syncytiotrophoblast phenotype. A key upstream regulator of trophoblast-engineered uterine transformation has been identified representing an entry point into the etiology of pregnancy complications resulting from defective placentation.
Simple stochastic model for geomagnetic excursions and reversals reproduces the temporal asymmetry of the axial dipole moment
Authors: Molina-Cardín Alberto , Dinis Luis , Osete María Luisa 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The geodynamo, the process that produces and controls the evolution of the Earth’s magnetic field, is still not fully understood. Despite the success of current numerical geodynamo models in reproducing some geomagnetic observations, their high complexity and computational requirements hinder their use for certain studies. Here, we present a simple model based on random fluctuations that is able to reproduce the temporal asymmetry of the dipolar strength of the field observed during polarity reversals. This behavior arises due to the existence of two parts of the model that are energetically unbalanced, imposing a preferred direction of energy transfer, and we propose that the same mechanism would be the cause of the temporal asymmetry of the geodynamo.
SUMO enables substrate selectivity by mitogen-activated protein kinases to regulate immunity in plants
Authors: Verma Vivek , Srivastava Anjil K. , Gough Catherine , Campanaro Alberto , Srivastava Moumita , Morrell Rebecca , Joyce Joshua , Bailey Mark , Zhang Cunjin , Krysan Patrick J. , Sadanandom Ari 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The functional diversity of MAPKs is dependent on differential selection of substrates for phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms assisting MAPKs to maintain substrate specificity in plants are not known. Our study shows that WRKY33, a pathogen-responsive MPK3/6 substrate, is SUMOylated in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pathogen signals. SUMOylation mediates WRKY33 phosphorylation and its activation. This correlation is reliant on the selective identification of SUMOylated WRKY33 by MPK3/6 via SUMO interaction motif (SIM) sites. Therefore, WRKY33 SUMOylation is important to selectively interact with MAPKs via the SUMO–SIM module and undergo phosphorylation and thus activation. Our data reveal a mechanism by which MPK3/6 prioritize molecular pathways by differentially selecting substrates using the SUMO–SIM module.
A versatile platform for locus-scale genome rewriting and verification
Authors: Brosh Ran , Laurent Jon M. , Ordoñez Raquel , Huang Emily , Hogan Megan S. , Hitchcock Angela M. , Mitchell Leslie A. , Pinglay Sudarshan , Cadley John A. , Luther Raven D. , Truong David M. , Boeke Jef D. , Maurano Matthew T. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Functional analysis of noncoding genomic regulatory elements, which harbor the majority of common human disease and trait associations, is complicated by their cellular and genomic context sensitivity. We developed Big-IN, a method for rewriting large segments of mammalian genomes, including full genes and their surrounding regulatory elements. We demonstrate a flexible genomic verification pipeline to identify correctly engineered cells. We expect Big-IN will enable technologies for synthesis and assembly of large DNAs to catalyze a synthetic approach to regulatory genomics.
Child heritage speakers’ production and comprehension of direct object clitic gender in Spanish
Authors: Shin Naomi , Rodríguez Barbara , Armijo Aja , Perara-Lunde Molly 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigates 37 child heritage speakers’ direct object (DO) clitics in Spanish. Results from a
production task show that DO expression versus omission was related to Spanish vocabulary: the lower the vocabulary score, the
more omitted DOs. In contrast, DO clitic gender was related to English: children who used more English in the home and who had
higher English vocabulary scores produced more gender mismatches, most notably lo referring to feminine
referents. Results from a comprehension task suggest that children do not attend to clitic gender for referent identification.
We argue that the disambiguation function of DO clitic gender, which is infrequent in discourse, may take a long time to
develop. Overall, the study suggests that the extent to which restricted input and crosslinguistic influence affect child
heritage speakers’ minority language grammar may be mediated by the nature of the linguistic phenomenon in question.
Adjective-noun order in Papiamento-Dutch code-switching
Authors: Pablos Leticia , Parafita Couto M. Carmen , Boutonnet Bastien , de Jong Amy , Perquin Marlou , de Haan Annelies , Schiller Niels O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Papiamento-Dutch bilingual speech, the nominal construction is a potential ‘conflict site’ if there is
an adjective from one language and a noun from the other. Adjective position is pre-nominal in Dutch (cf. rode
wijn ‘red wine’) but post-nominal in Papiamento (cf. biña kòrá ‘wine red’). We test predictions
concerning the mechanisms underpinning word order in noun-adjective switches derived from three accounts: (i) the adjective
determines word order (Cantone & MacSwan, 2009), (ii) the matrix language
determines word order (Myers-Scotton, 1993, 2002), and (iii) either order is possible (Di Sciullo,
2014). An analysis of spontaneous Papiamento-Dutch code-switching production (Parafita Couto & Gullberg, 2017) could not distinguish between these predictions. We used
event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to measure online comprehension of code-switched utterances. We discuss how our results
inform the three theoretical accounts and we relate them to syntactic coactivation and the production-comprehension link.
OKAY in responding and claiming understanding
Authors: Betz Emma , Deppermann Arnulf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
OKAY originates from English, but it is
increasingly used across languages. This chapter presents data from
13 languages, illustrating the spectrum of possible uses of OKAY in
responding and claiming understanding in contexts of informings.
Drawing on a wide range of interaction types from both informal and
institutional contexts, including those crucially involving embodied
practices, we show how OKAY can be used to (i) claim sufficient
understanding, (ii) mark understanding of the prior informing as
preliminary or not complete, and (iii) index discrepancy of
expectation.
OKAY in closings and transitions
Authors: Mondada Lorenza , Sorjonen Marja-Leena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses OKAY in transitions and
closings, based on findings in the data from 13 languages that are
analyzed in the project on OKAY. The chapter shows that OKAY
features in a variety of languages in closing environments at
different levels of organization, where the particle might occupy
diverse positions and do similar but also complementary work across
the languages. The sequential and activity environments to be
discussed include (i) sequence closings, (ii) activity closings,
(iii) transitions between activities or topics, and iv) the closing
of an entire conversation.
The prosody and phonetics of OKAY in American English
Authors: Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to a study of the
prosodic and phonetic realization of the particle OKAY as deployed
in American English mundane conversation. Its primary aim is to
explore the question of whether there are recurrent
prosodic-phonetic formats associated with positionally distinct uses
of OKAY. The data come from telephone and face-to-face interactions
between family and friends spanning a period from the 1960s to the
present. Currently there are approximately 200 tokens in the
collection. The older and more recent data sets are considered
separately in order to capture changes that have ensued over the
last fifty to sixty years.
Rising OKAY in third position in Danish
talk-in-interaction
Authors: Sørensen Søren Sandager , Steensig Jakob 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Earlier investigations claim that there are two
OKAY types in Danish: okay1, with falling pitch,
occurring mainly in third position, indicating sufficient
understanding, and okay2, with rising pitch,
indicating so-far understanding and that a projected trajectory may
continue. We have examined 235 cases of OKAY used in contexts where
understanding is at issue, and it turns out that a substantial
number of okay2 tokens occur in
“okay1 environments,” that is, in third
position following answers to questions. Our analyses of these cases
reveal that in this environment, okay2 is used to
indicate (1) that the answer could or should be expanded, or (2)
that there are still unresolved matters that the answer did not deal
with in full.
OKAY as a response to informings in Finnish
Authors: Koivisto Aino , Sorjonen Marja-Leena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the use of the particle
OKAY in Finnish as a response to turns that are designed to provide
new information. The study focuses on the ways in which the speakers
of OKAY orient toward the epistemic character of the informing, and
on its sufficiency for the purposes of the ongoing interaction.
These aspects are analyzed by paying attention to the sequential and
activity context of the particle, its phonetic-prosodic design, and
the possible subsequent talk in the turn. OKAY is also compared with
some other Finnish response particles in similar sequential and
activity contexts. The data come from telephone and face-to-face
interactions between family and friends spanning a period from the
late 1980s to the present.
Energy of cosmological spacetimes and perturbations: a quasilocal approach
*
Authors: Oltean Marius , Moghaddam Hossein Bazrafshan , Epp Richard J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quasilocal definitions of stress–energy–momentum—that is, in the form of boundary densities (rather than local volume densities)—have proven generally very useful in formulating and applying conservation laws in general relativity. In this paper, we present a detailed application of such definitions to cosmology, specifically using the Brown–York quasilocal stress–energy–momentum tensor for matter and gravity combined. We compute this tensor, focusing on the energy and its associated conservation law, for FLRW spacetimes with no pertubrations and with scalar cosmological perturbations. For unperturbed FLRW spacetimes, we emphasize the importance of the vacuum energy (for both flat and curved space), which is almost universally underappreciated (and usually ‘subtracted’), and discuss the quasilocal interpretation of the cosmological constant. For the perturbed FLRW spacetime, we show how our results recover or relate to the more typical effective local treatment of energy in cosmology, with a view toward better studying the issues of the cosmological constant and of cosmological back-reactions.
Water-based resistive switches for neuromorphic long-range connections
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Akshay , Du Xingyu , Allen Mark G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The brain’s small-world network utilizes its short-range and long-range synaptic connections to process information in a complex and energy-efficient manner. To emulate the former, neuromorphic hardware typically leverages the conductance switching properties of thin-film dielectrics and semiconductors. Because these materials offer low ion mobilities, long-range connections built from thicker dielectrics require impractically-large forming voltages. To overcome this intrinsic shortcoming of solid-state active media, we present in this paper a simple Ag–H2O–Au cell that takes advantage of the relatively high ion mobility offered by deionized water to enable programmable connectivity switches between neurons separated by large gaps (∼40 µm). We introduce dual voltage programming schemes that allow the switch conductance to be modulated in analog and digital steps. When operating in the analog mode, the switch conductance could be potentiated and depressed over a relatively large (3.5×) range. In the digital mode, the Ag–H2O–Au switch delivered a high ON/OFF current ratio of ∼600 and sustained this margin over 200 switching cycles. Additionally, both switch states could be maintained for at least 3 h without external power. We show that unlike their solid-state counterparts, the water-gap in the Ag–H2O–Au cell can be easily refreshed without compromising the switching functionality. These attributes of Ag–H2O–Au switches in addition to their biocompatibility and simple design make them attractive for neuromorphic wetware implementations.
Nitrogen induced localised-state ensemble effect on multi quantum well GaInNAs with low indium concentration
Authors: Nordin M S , Samad M I A , Sarcan F , Mohamad K A , Alias A , Vickers A J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, temperature dependence photoluminescence has been taken on two multi-quantum well GaInNAs, with low indium composition and the impact of percentage nitrogen incorporation ⩽1%. The variation of peak energy position, linewidth, and integrated intensity emission have been investigated by adopting a localised state ensemble model to anticipate the dissimilar spontaneous emission mechanisms of the two samples. A good agreement has been observed between theoretical analysis and experimental data and enriches the understanding of the design and provides improvement opportunities for future GaInNAs based optoelectronic devices for biomedical applications.
Tuning of multi-magnetic phase and exchange bias effect by antisite disorder in Ca-doped La2CoMnO6 double perovskites
Authors: Sahoo R C , Das Sananda , Daw Debottam , Singh Ripandeep , Das A , Nath T K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The exchange bias effect at the magnetic interfaces and multi-magnetic phases strongly depends on the antisite disorder (ASD) driven spin configuration in the double perovskite systems. The percentage of ASD in double perovskites is extensively accepted as a key for designing diverse new nanospintronics with tailored functionalities. In this regards, we have investigated such ASD driven phenomena in Ca2+ doped bulk and polycrystalline La2−x
Ca
x
CoMnO6 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1) series of samples. The structural and Raman studies provide evidence of an increase in the disorder due to the increment of Ca concentration in the parent compound (x = 0). The enhancement of disorder in the doped system induces various magnetic orderings, magnetic frustration and cluster glass-like behavior, which have been confirmed from AC and DC magnetic studies and neutron diffraction studies. As a result, significantly large exchange bias effects, namely zero-field cooled (spontaneous) and field-cooled (conventional) exchange bias, are found. These results reveal the tuning of ASD by doping, which plays an active role in the spin configuration at the magnetic interfaces.
Laminated polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane codoped with boehmite nanoparticles for efficient electrostatic capture of particulate matters
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Pengjun , Chen Ruowang , Gu Gangwei , Hu Shiqian , Tian Ruoyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Particulate matters (PMs) air pollution is identified as the major threat to public health and climate. High-performance air filter technology based on various electrospun nanofibers is considered as an effective strategy to eliminate the effects of PMs air pollution. However, to date, nearly all the existing micro-/nanofibers are hard to meet both requirements of high PMs removal efficiency and long service life. In this work, we reported the production of laminated polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-boehmite nanoparticles (BNPs) nanofiber structured membrane by the electrospinning process. The dimension of PAN-BNPs nanofiber can be tunable from (0.09 ± 0.03) μm to (0.81 ± 0.11) μm by controlling the PAN and BNPs concentrations in precursors. The optimized PAN-BNPs nanofiber air filter with a basis weight of 1 g m−2 demonstrates the attractive attributes of high PM2.5 removal efficiency up to 99.962% and low pressure drop of 58 Pa. Most importantly, after introducing the BNPs as electret, the removal efficiency is very stable under the air flow rate of 6 l min−1. This PAN-BNPs nanofiber with a long electrostatic duration time offers an approach for fabricating future high-performance air filters.
Bayesian uncertainty quantification for magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Metzner Selma , Wübbeler Gerd , Flassbeck Sebastian , Gatefait Constance , Kolbitsch Christoph , Elster Clemens 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) is a promising technique for fast quantitative imaging of human tissue. In general, MRF is based on a sequence of highly undersampled MR images which are analyzed with a pre-computed dictionary. MRF provides valuable diagnostic parameters such as the T
1 and T
2 MR relaxation times. However, uncertainty characterization of dictionary-based MRF estimates for T
1 and T
2 has not been achieved so far, which makes it challenging to assess if observed differences in these estimates are significant and may indicate pathological changes of the underlying tissue. We propose a Bayesian approach for the uncertainty quantification of dictionary-based MRF which leads to probability distributions for T
1 and T
2 in every voxel. The distributions can be used to make probability statements about the relaxation times, and to assign uncertainties to their dictionary-based MRF estimates. All uncertainty calculations are based on the pre-computed dictionary and the observed sequence of undersampled MR images, and they can be calculated in short time. The approach is explored by analyzing MRF measurements of a phantom consisting of several tubes across which MR relaxation times are constant. The proposed uncertainty quantification is quantitatively consistent with the observed within-tube variability of estimated relaxation times. Furthermore, calculated uncertainties are shown to characterize well observed differences between the MRF estimates and the results obtained from high-accurate reference measurements. These findings indicate that a reliable uncertainty quantification is achieved. We also present results for simulated MRF data and an uncertainty quantification for an in vivo MRF measurement. MATLAB® source code implementing the proposed approach is made available.
Influence of lipid rafts on pattern formation during T-cell adhesion
Authors: Li Long , Hu Jinglei , Różycki Bartosz , Wang Xiaohuan , Wu Helong , Song Fan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Adhesion of T cells to antigen presenting cells is mediated by the TCR–MHCp and LFA1–ICAM1 protein complexes. These intercellular protein complexes segregate and form characteristic special patterns in the cell contact zone. Previous studies have attempted to explain the mechanisms of formation of these patterns. While emphasis has been put on membrane elasticity and active cytoskeletal transport, it remains unclear whether and how the pattern formation process is related to lipid rafts, which are nanoscale molecular clusters enriched in cholesterol and saturated phospholipids in cell membranes. Using Monte Carlo simulations of a statistical mechanical model for T-cell adhesion, we find that lipid rafts can lead to the formation of intermediate pattern with a ring of LFA1–ICAM1 complexes around a central domain of TCR–MHCp complexes even in the absence of active transport of T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules toward the center of the contact zone. In the presence of active TCR transport, lipid rafts can accelerate the formation of this monocentric pattern. We also find that lipid rafts have a strong stabilizing effect on the monocentric pattern after removal of the active TCR transport. Our results not only help to explain recent experimental observations, but also demonstrate that lipid rafts can cooperate with active cytoskeletal transport during the immunological synapse formation.
Advanced multivariate analysis methods for use by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider*
Authors: Stakia Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the course of the past four years, AMVA4NewPhysics, a Horizon2020-funded Marie Skłodowska-Curie (MSCA) Innovative Training Network, focused on the study of Multivariate Analysis Methods and Statistical Learning tools for the High Energy Physics research. Through the individual and collaborative work of its members, AMVA4NewPhysics succeeded in developing and optimising several such tools for use by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, at CERN, promising to improve their measurement and search sensitivity. In this paper, some of these new tools are presented, along with their related results.
Balancing Excitation and Inhibition of Spike Neuron Using Deep Q Network (DQN)
Authors: Szi Hui Tan , Khairi Ishak Mohamad , Fauzi Packeer Mohamed Mohamed , Mohd Fadzil Lokman , Afif Ahmarofi Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeep reinforcement learning which involved reinforcement learning with artificial neural networks allows an agent to take the best possible actions in a virtual environment to achieve goals. Spike neuron has a non-differentiable spike generation function that caused SNN training faced difficulty. In order to overcome the difficulty, Deep Q Network (DQN) is proposed to act as an agent to interact with a custom environment. A spike neuron is modelled by using NEST simulator. Rewards are given to the agent for every action taken. The model is trained and tested to validate the performance of the trained model in order to attain balance the firing rate of excitatory and inhibitory population of spike neuron. Training result showed the agent able to handle the environment. The trained model capable to balance the excitation and inhibition of the spike neuron as the actual output neuron rate is close to or same with the target neuron firing rate. The average percentage error of rate of difference between output and target neuron rate for 5 episodes achieved 0.80%.