bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence of Burn Outpatient Clinic Referrals to ABA Criteria in a Tertiary Center: Creating Unnecessary Referrals?
Authors: Chambers Spencer B , Garland Katie , Dai Cecilia , DeLyzer Tanya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Initial assessment and triage of burns are guided by the American Burn Association criteria for referral to a burn center. These criteria are sensitive but not specific and can potentially lead to over-triage and “unnecessary” clinic visits. We are a Level 1 trauma center with burn subspecialty care, and due to the COVID-19 pandemic, referrals to our multidisciplinary outpatient burn clinic required triaging for virtual care appointments. In order to improve the triage process, we retrospectively reviewed our outpatient burn clinic referrals over a 2-year period, 2018 to 2019, for adherence to American Burn Association criteria. We collected data pertaining to patient and burn characteristics, as well as treatment outcome, to characterize referrals not requiring an in-person appointment. Of the 244 patients referred, 73% met the referral criteria, with 45% of these patients being healed at the first visit and 14.6% requiring surgical management. Mean time from injury to first visit was 9.7 days (mode 6), and the average number of visits was 2. Overall, mean burn size was 2%, with the majority of injuries being partial thickness (71%), located in the hand or extremity (77%). There was a fairly equal distribution of contact (36%), flame (21%), and scald (26%) burns. This study highlights the nonspecific nature of the American Burn Association referral criteria. We found that pediatric and hand burns in particular were over-triaged and lead to “unnecessary” appointments. This information is useful to help adjust referral criteria and to guide triaging of appointments with the evolution of telehealth and virtual care.
The Average and Heterogeneous Effects of Transportation Investments: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa 1960–2010
Authors: Jedwab Rémi , Storeygard Adam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous work on transportation investments has focused on average impacts in high- and middle-income countries. We estimate average and heterogeneous effects in a poor continent, Africa, using roads and cities data spanning 50 years in 39 countries. Using changes in market access due to distant road construction as a source of exogenous variation, we estimate a 30-year elasticity of city population with respect to market access of about 0.08–0.13. Our results suggest that this elasticity is stronger for small and remote cities, and weaker in politically favored and agriculturally suitable areas. Access to foreign cities besides international ports matters little. Additional evidence points suggestively to rural-to-urban migration as the primary source of this population increase, though we cannot fully rule out natural increase or reallocation across cities.
Can regular follow-up imaging contribute to the determination of appropriate timing of surgery in patients with undiagnosed mucinous cystic neoplasm? A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Satoh Tatsunori , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Kawaguchi Shinya , Sato Junya , Kaneko Junichi , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Sugiura Teiichi , Sasaki Keiko , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Guidelines suggest that patients with undiagnosed pancreatic cystic lesions should be monitored despite a lack of evidence supporting surveillance for undiagnosed mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs). We aimed to investigate the pre- and post-operative clinical course of patients with MCN and the utility of follow-up for patients who were not diagnosed with MCN at initial examination.

Patients and Methods
This multicenter retrospective study enrolled 28 patients with resected pathology-proven MCN; 12 and 16 patients underwent surgery within and after 6 months from the initial examination (Groups A and B, respectively). Outcome measures included changes in imaging findings until surgery in Group B, pathological findings between both groups and differences in pathological findings between patients with and without regular follow-up imaging in Group B.

Results
In Group B, the median cyst size was 30 and 48 mm at the initial examination and immediately before surgery, respectively. The incidence of mural cysts, thickened walls and mural nodules were 25, 19 and 0%, respectively, at the initial examination and 69, 56 and 31%, respectively, immediately before surgery. There were no significant differences in the invasive carcinoma rates between Groups A and B (13 vs. 17%). Regular follow-up imaging was offered to Group B. Among these, invasive carcinoma was found in one patient exhibiting no recurrence. One patient without follow-up imaging had invasive carcinoma recurrence post-operatively.

Conclusions
MCNs increased in size, and typical imaging findings appeared over time. For undiagnosed MCN, regular follow-up examination contributed to the determination of the appropriate surgical timing.
Slingshot prominences: a hidden mass loss mechanism
Authors: Waugh Rose F P , Jardine Moira M , Morin J , Donati J-F 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Whilst ‘slingshot’ prominences have been observed on M-dwarfs, most if not all theoretical studies have focused on solar-like stars. We present an investigation into stellar prominences around rapidly rotating young M-dwarfs. We have extrapolated the magnetic field in the corona from Zeeman-Doppler maps and determined the sites of mechanical stability where prominences may form. We analyse the prominence mass that could be supported and the latitude range over which this material is distributed. We find that for these maps, much of this prominence mass may be invisible to observation – typically &lt;1 per cent transits the stellar disc. On the rapidly rotating M-dwarf V374 Peg (Prot = 0.45 d) where prominences have been observed, we find the visible prominence mass to be around only 10 per cent of the total mass supported. The mass loss rate per unit area for prominences scales with the X-ray surface flux as $\dot{M}/A \propto \, F_\mathrm{ X}^{1.32}$ that is very close to the observationally derived value for stellar winds. This suggests that prominence ejection may contribute significantly to the overall stellar wind loss and spin-down. A planet in an equatorial orbit in the habitable zone of these stars may experience intermittent enhancements of the stellar wind due to prominence ejections. On some stars, this may occur throughout 20 per cent of the orbit.
Supercritical dusty BH growth in the early Universe
Authors: Ishibashi W 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black holes (with ${M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^9\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }}$) are observed in the first Gyr of the Universe, and their host galaxies are found to contain unexpectedly large amounts of dust and metals. In light of the two empirical facts, we explore the possibility of supercritical accretion and early black hole growth occurring in dusty environments. We generalize the concept of photon trapping to the case of dusty gas and analyse the physical conditions leading to ‘dust photon trapping’. Considering the parameter space dependence, we obtain that the dust photon trapping regime can be more easily realized for larger black hole masses, higher ambient gas densities, and lower gas temperatures. The trapping of photons within the accretion flow implies obscured active galactic nuclei, while it may allow a rapid black hole mass build-up at early times. We discuss the potential role of such dust photon trapping in the supercritical growth of massive black holes in the early Universe.
Primordial black hole origin for thermal gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Barco Oscar 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A binary black hole (BH) astrophysical scenario where a mass-constrained (2.5 × 10−13M⊙) primordial black hole (PBH) undergoes a radial fall on to its heavier component (such as a supermassive black hole, SMBH) is described as an intense gamma-ray emission event. As the relativistic PBH approaches the Schwarschild SMBH event horizon, its Lorentz-boosted Hawking radiation progressively reduces to a near-zero emission cone resulting in a highly collimated thermal beam. Accordingly, our numerically calculated PBH flux density Sν and νSν fluence spectrum show a decreasing Planck-like spectral dependence consistent with the cooling behaviour of thermal-dominant gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Our results might provide an alternative explanation for thermal GRBs based on PBH origin.
Reverse transcription priming methods affect normalisation choices for gene expression levels in oocytes and early embryos
Authors: Yu Bo , van Tol Helena T A , Stout Tom A E , Roelen Bernard A J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mammalian oocytes and embryos rely exclusively on maternal mRNAs to accomplish early developmental processes. Since oocytes and early embryos are transcriptionally silent after meiotic resumption, most of the synthesised maternal mRNA does not undergo immediate translation but is instead stored in the oocyte. Quantitative RT-PCR is commonly used to quantify mRNA levels, and correct quantification relies on reverse transcription and the choice of reference genes. Different methods for reverse transcription may affect gene expression determination in oocytes. In this study, we examined the suitability of either random or oligo(dT) primers for reverse transcription to be used for quantitative RT-PCR. We further looked for changes in poly(A) length of the maternal mRNAs during oocyte maturation. Our data indicate that depending on the method of reverse transcription, the optimal combination of reference genes for normalisation differed. Surprisingly, we observed a shortening of the poly(A) tail lengths of maternal mRNA as oocytes progressed from germinal vesicle to metaphase II. Overall, our findings suggest dynamic maternal regulation of mRNA structure and gene expression during oocyte maturation and early embryo development.
Organoids for toxicology and genetic toxicology: applications with drugs and prospects for environmental carcinogenesis
Authors: Caipa Garcia Angela L , Arlt Volker M , Phillips David H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology have led to the development of more biologically and physiologically relevant models to study organ development, disease, toxicology and drug screening. Organoids have been derived from many mammalian tissues, both normal and tumour, from adult stem cells and from pluripotent stem cells. Tissue organoids can retain many of the cell types and much of the structure and function of the organ of origin. Organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells display increased complexity compared with organoids derived from adult stem cells. It has been shown that organoids express many functional xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes including cytochrome P450s (CYPs). This has benefitted the drug development field in facilitating pre-clinical testing of more personalised treatments and in developing large toxicity and efficacy screens for a range of compounds. In the field of environmental and genetic toxicology, treatment of organoids with various compounds has generated responses that are close to those obtained in primary tissues and in vivo models, demonstrating the biological relevance of these in vitro multicellular 3D systems. Toxicological investigations of compounds in different tissue organoids have produced promising results indicating that organoids will refine future studies on the effects of environmental exposures and carcinogenic risk to humans. With further development and standardised procedures, advancing our understanding on the metabolic capabilities of organoids will help to validate their use to investigate the modes of action of environmental carcinogens.
Chemical and photochemical error rates in light-directed synthesis of complex DNA libraries
Authors: Lietard Jory , Leger Adrien , Erlich Yaniv , Sadowski Norah , Timp Winston , Somoza Mark M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nucleic acid microarrays are the only tools that can supply very large oligonucleotide libraries, cornerstones of the nascent fields of de novo gene assembly and DNA data storage. Although the chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides is highly developed and robust, it is not error free, requiring the design of methods that can correct or compensate for errors, or select for high-fidelity oligomers. However, outside the realm of array manufacturers, little is known about the sources of errors and their extent. In this study, we look at the error rate of DNA libraries synthesized by photolithography and dissect the proportion of deletion, insertion and substitution errors. We find that the deletion rate is governed by the photolysis yield. We identify the most important substitution error and correlate it to phosphoramidite coupling. Besides synthetic failures originating from the coupling cycle, we uncover the role of imperfections and limitations related to optics, highlight the importance of absorbing UV light to avoid internal reflections and chart the dependence of error rate on both position on the array and position within individual oligonucleotides. Being able to precisely quantify all types of errors will allow for optimal choice of fabrication parameters and array design.
TRAPID 2.0: a web application for taxonomic and functional analysis ofde novotranscriptomes
Authors: Bucchini François , Del Cortona Andrea , Kreft Łukasz , Botzki Alexander , Van Bel Michiel , Vandepoele Klaas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdvances in high-throughput sequencing have resulted in a massive increase of RNA-Seq transcriptome data. However, the promise of rapid gene expression profiling in a specific tissue, condition, unicellular organism or microbial community comes with new computational challenges. Owing to the limited availability of well-resolved reference genomes, de novo assembled (meta)transcriptomes have emerged as popular tools for investigating the gene repertoire of previously uncharacterized organisms. Yet, despite their potential, these datasets often contain fragmented or contaminant sequences, and their analysis remains difficult. To alleviate some of these challenges, we developed TRAPID 2.0, a web application for the fast and efficient processing of assembled transcriptome data. The initial processing phase performs a global characterization of the input data, providing each transcript with several layers of annotation, comprising structural, functional, and taxonomic information. The exploratory phase enables downstream analyses from the web application. Available analyses include the assessment of gene space completeness, the functional analysis and comparison of transcript subsets, and the study of transcripts in an evolutionary context. A comparison with similar tools highlights TRAPID’s unique features. Finally, analyses performed within TRAPID 2.0 are complemented by interactive data visualizations, facilitating the extraction of new biological insights, as demonstrated with diatom community metatranscriptomes.
The synaptonemal complex central region modulates crossover pathways and feedback control of meiotic double-strand break formation
Authors: Lee Min-Su , Higashide Mika T , Choi Hyungseok , Li Ke , Hong Soogil , Lee Kangseok , Shinohara Akira , Shinohara Miki , Kim Keun P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure that mediates homolog engagement and genetic recombination during meiosis. In budding yeast, Zip-Mer-Msh (ZMM) proteins promote crossover (CO) formation and initiate SC formation. During SC elongation, the SUMOylated SC component Ecm11 and the Ecm11-interacting protein Gmc2 facilitate the polymerization of Zip1, an SC central region component. Through physical recombination, cytological, and genetic analyses, we found that ecm11 and gmc2 mutants exhibit chromosome-specific defects in meiotic recombination. CO frequencies on a short chromosome (chromosome III) were reduced, whereas CO and non-crossover frequencies on a long chromosome (chromosome VII) were elevated. Further, in ecm11 and gmc2 mutants, more double-strand breaks (DSBs) were formed on a long chromosome during late prophase I, implying that the Ecm11–Gmc2 (EG) complex is involved in the homeostatic regulation of DSB formation. The EG complex may participate in joint molecule (JM) processing and/or double-Holliday junction resolution for ZMM-dependent CO-designated recombination. Absence of the EG complex ameliorated the JM-processing defect in zmm mutants, suggesting a role for the EG complex in suppressing ZMM-independent recombination. Our results suggest that the SC central region functions as a compartment for sequestering recombination-associated proteins to regulate meiosis specificity during recombination.
The Association of California’s Proposition 56 Tobacco Tax Increase With Smoking Behavior Across Racial and Ethnic Groups and by Income
Authors: Keeler Courtney , Wang Yingning , Max Wendy , Yao Tingting , Gu Dian , Sung Hai-Yen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
On April 1, 2017, California Proposition 56 (Prop 56) was implemented, increasing the excise tax on cigarettes by $2/pack. This study compares the association of Prop 56 with smoking prevalence and smoking intensity across racial/ethnic groups, further examining distinctions across income subgroups within each racial/ethnic group.

Aims and Methods
The study used pooled cross-sectional data from the 2012–2018 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We examined two outcomes: current smoking prevalence and smoking intensity conditional on current smoking. A two-part econometric model was used to estimate the association of Prop 56 with smoking prevalence and intensity using multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression, respectively. The two-part model was run separately for all adults (full sample) and each racial/ethnic group. Within each racial/ethnic group, we ran stratified analyses by income subgroups.

Results
The results indicated that Prop 56 was negatively associated with smoking prevalence among full sample, Hispanic, White, and African American adults and negatively associated with smoking intensity among full sample and White smokers. Stratified analyses by race/ethnicity and income showed that Prop 56 was negatively associated with smoking prevalence among low-income full sample and White adults and among middle-income smokers in the full, Hispanic, White, African American, and Asian samples. Prop 56 was negatively associated with smoking intensity among middle-income Hispanic and high-income White smokers. The association between Prop 56 and smoking intensity was positive among high-income African American smokers.

Conclusion
Prop 56 was associated with a reduction in smoking prevalence across multiple racial/ethnic groups, particularly within the low- and middle-income subgroups.

Implications
Our findings indicate that the reduction in smoking prevalence immediately following the implementation of Prop 56 tobacco tax increase was significant across a variety racial/ethnic groups, particularly low- and middle-income subgroups. We found differential responses in smoking prevalence across income groups among Whites but not among racial/ethnic minorities. We found no evidence of any significance association between Proposition 56 and smoking intensity among minorities and economically vulnerable populations, except for middle-income Hispanics. Researchers, policy makers, and advocates should consider the additional merits of targeted, community-based, noneconomic tobacco control interventions in reaching low- and middle-income groups within racial/ethnic minorities.
Plants, public health and the pandemic
Authors: Rivas Virgilio A , Biana Hazel T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
At the onset of the pandemic, people resort to coping mechanisms to lessen the impact of social distancing enforced through quarantine protocols. Confined to their homes, despite recent relaxation of mobility and travel sanctions, many people find comfort and psychological reassurance in plant tending and gardening. Plants have been known for their medicinal and recreational purposes and their psychological therapeutic value. In the case of the Philippines, plant parenting has become a viral phenomenon.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treat-to-target strategies and physical consultations in &gt;7000 patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Glintborg Bente , Jensen Dorte Vendelbo , Terslev Lene , Pfeiffer Jensen Mogens , Hendricks Oliver , Østergaard Mikkel , Engel Sara , Horskjær Rasmussen Simon , Adelsten Thomas , Colic Ada , Danebod Kamilla , Kildemand Malene , Loft Anne Gitte , Munk Heidi Lausten , Pedersen Jens Kristian , Østgård René Drage , Møller Sørensen Christian , Krogh Niels Steen , Nørgaard Agerbo Jette , Ziegler Connie , Hetland Merete Lund 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treat-to-target strategies (disease activity, remission rates) and access to physical consultations in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease, as well as to explore characteristics of patients with/without physical consultations in the clinic and the impact of early vs established disease.

Methods
Patients with RA, PsA or axial SpA (axSpA) prospectively followed in the nationwide DANBIO registry answered online questionnaires and reported patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in June and November 2020. Patient characteristics, disease activity and physical consultations in the clinic before and during the pandemic were identified in DANBIO [all patients and subgroups with early disease (disease duration ≤2 years)]. In individual patients, changes in PROs before and during the pandemic were calculated. Characteristics of patients with/without physical consultations were described (age, gender, education level, comorbidities, disease duration, treatment).

Results
We included 7836 patients (22% of eligible patients), 12% of which had early disease. PROs were stable before and during the pandemic, with median changes approximating zero, as well as in patients with early disease. Remission rates were stable. The relative decrease in the number of patients with physical consultations was 21–72%, which was highest in axSpA. Characteristics of patients with/without physical consultations were similar. Self-reported satisfaction with treatment options and access was &gt;70%; the preferred contact form was physical consultation (66%).

Conclusion
In this nationwide study performed during the first 8 months of the pandemic, patient satisfaction was high and the PROs and remission rates remained stable despite the remarkable reduction in physical consultations, as well as in patients with early disease. Characteristics of patients with/without physical consultations appeared similar.
Unlikely Feminist Coalitions: Islamist and Secularist Women’s Organizing in Tunisia
Authors: Youssef Maro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFollowing the 2010–2011 revolution, Islamist and secularist political parties and women’s rights organizations formed coalitions in Tunisia. Nothing of the sort had happened before in Tunisian history. This article considers the conditions that led feminists with different ideological beliefs to create what I call an “unlikely feminist coalition” in Tunisia. I argue that Islamists and secularists can form unlikely feminist coalitions when facing similar threats, working on similar tasks prior to formation of the coalition, the experience of common grievances, and a shared feminist identity. Drawing on the gender politics and social movement literature on coalitions, I suggest that more needs to be understood about unlikely feminist coalitions, especially in the Middle East.