bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional value of some raw materials for guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) feeding
Authors: Castro-Bedriñana Jorge , Chirinos-Peinado Doris 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To formulate economically viable foods and achieve high performance in guinea pig production, it is important to know the nutritional value of the feeds, which requires determining their chemical composition, availability of nutrients, and energy content. Chemical analysis, digestibility tests, and digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of 63 feeds were determined using male guinea pigs of 4–5 mo of age. The test feeds were fodder, agricultural residues, agro-industrial and kitchen waste, energy flours, and protein flours of animal and vegetable origin. The result showed wide variability in the chemical composition and energy density of the feeds evaluated. In the case of forages, the main feed source for the guinea pigs, the average contents ± SD of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), organic matter (OM), DE, and ME were 18.06 ± 6.50%, 23.08 ± 7.14%, 89.95 ± 2.62%, 2963.71 ± 442.68, and 2430.24 ± 363.00 kcal/kg; for the agro-industrial and kitchen waste, the values were 11.52 ± 4.72%, 22.80 ± 14.61%, 91.37 ± 4.74%, 3006.31 ± 554.01, and 2465.18 ± 454.29 kcal/kg; for protein feeds, the values were 55.18 ± 22.87%, 5.11 ± 5.72%, 91.18 ± 6.92%, 3681.94 ± 433. 24, and 3019.19 ± 355.26 kcal/kg; for energy feeds, the values were 12.73 ± 3.22%, 5.46 ± 1.96%, 95.33 ± 3.32%, 3705.41 ± 171.78, and 3038.43 ± 140.86 kcal/kg. The ME content is directly associated with CP content (R2 = 0.19) and OM digestibility (R2 = 0.56) and inversely with CF (R2 = 0.40) and ash (R2 = 0.13) content (P &lt; 0.01). The results of this study can be used to design feeding programs for family and commercial guinea pig production for meat.
Smokers with and without Epilepsy show Similar Smoking Rate, Dependence Level, Cessation Attempts, and Motives
Authors: Johnson Adrienne L , McLeish Alison C , Shear Paula K , Privitera Michael , Luberto Christina M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with epilepsy are up to twice as likely to be current cigarette smokers compared to those without. Moreover, one study showed current smoking is associated with an increased likelihood of seizures. However, outside of this one study, there is limited data on the presentation of specific smoking-related behaviors and cognitions in people with epilepsy, inhibiting our understanding of the severity of this behavior and our ability to formulate effective treatments for this population.PurposeThe current study examined smoking-related behaviors and cognitions among smokers with epilepsy compared to smokers without epilepsy.MethodsParticipants were 43 smokers with (Mage = 43.4, SD = 11.6) and 43 smokers without (Mage = 45.5, SD = 8.8) epilepsy recruited from an urban, academic setting within the U.S. Separate Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to evaluate differences between smokers with and without epilepsy in terms of smoking behavior (i.e., daily smoking rate, nicotine dependence, number of quit attempts, smoking duration, age of smoking onset) and smoking-related cognitive processes (i.e., smoking motives, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, cessation motives) after controlling for race and problematic alcohol use.ResultsSmokers with epilepsy did not differ from smokers without epilepsy in terms of smoking rate (p = .51, ηp2 = .01), nicotine dependence (p = .12, ηp2 = .03), age of smoking onset (p = .42, ηp2 = .01), number of quit attempts (p = .43, ηp2 = .01), barriers to cessation (p = .30 to .80, ηp2 = .00 to .01), or cessation motives (p = .28 to .60, ηp2 = .00 to .02). Smokers without epilepsy reported higher levels of smoking for sensorimotor manipulation reasons (p = .03, ηp2 = .06) and longer smoking duration (p = .03, ηp2 = .06) than smokers with epilepsy.ConclusionsSmokers with epilepsy do not appear to differ significantly from smokers without epilepsy in terms of smoking-related behaviors and cognitions, and may therefore benefit from current evidence-based treatments for smoking cessation that are not contraindicated for epilepsy (i.e., bupropion, varenicline).
CaWRKY28 Cys249 is Required for Interaction with CaWRKY40 in the Regulation of Pepper Immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhang Yangwen , Cai Weiwei , Liu Cailing , Hu Jiong , Shen Lei , Huang Xueying , Guan Deyi , He Shuilin 
Published: February 2021

WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in plant response to pathogens but how WRKY-mediated networks are organized and operate to produce appropriate transcriptional outputs remains largely unclear. Here, we identify a member of the WRKY family from pepper (Capsicum annuum), CaWRKY28, that physically interacts with CaWRKY40, a positive regulator of pepper immunity and thermotolerance. We confirmed CaWRKY28–CaWRKY40 interaction by coimmunoprecipitation, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and microscale thermophoresis. Our findings supported the idea that CaWRKY28 is a nuclear protein that acts as positive regulator in pepper responses to infection by the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. It performs its function not by directly modulating the W-box containing immunity-related genes but by promoting CaWRKY40 via physical interaction to bind and activate its immunity-related target genes, including CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, and CaABR1, but not its thermotolerance-related target gene, CaHSP24. All of these data indicate that CaWRKY28 interacts with and potentiates CaWRKY40 in regulating immunity against R. solanacearum infection but not thermotolerance. Importantly, we discovered that CaWRKY28 Cys249, shared by CaWRKY28 and its orthologs probably only in the family Solanaceae, is crucial for the CaWRKY28–CaWRKY40 interaction. These results highlight how CaWRKY28 associates with CaWRKY40 during the establishment of WRKY networks, and how CaWRKY40 achieves its functional specificity during pepper responses to R. solanacearum infection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Cobalt–Chromium Alloy Has Superior Antibacterial Effect Than Titanium Alloy
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Fukuzaki Satoshi , Sugino Atsushi , Benson Nicholas , Metcalf Newt , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: February 2021

Study Design.

In vitro and in vivo laboratory studies.

Objective.
This study aimed to compare bacterial survival on titanium alloy (Ti) and cobalt–chromium alloy (CC) using in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Summary of Background Data.
Spinal implants are frequently manufactured from Ti and CC. These foreign materials are thought to be susceptible to biofilm formation that contributes to the development of surgical site infections. Certain metals (i.e., silver, cobalt) are known to have antibacterial properties.

Methods.
In the in vitro study, discs made of Ti or CC were incubated with one of two common bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). After incubation, discs were assessed to determine the number of viable bacterial cells. In the in vivo study, the discs that were made of CC or Ti were implanted into the subcutaneous layer of BALB/c mice. After skin closure, a suspension including either S. aureus or P. acnes was directly inoculated on the implanted discs. The discs were retrieved and analyzed to determine the number of viable bacteria at 0.5, 1, and 3 days after inoculation.

Results.
The number of viable S. aureus cultured from the CC discs was 0.9 ± 0.2 × 103 CFU/disc, which was significantly lower than the cultured Ti discs (114.8 ± 18.3 × 103 CFU/disc). Moreover, a significantly lower mean number of P. acnes were cultured with CC (1.9 ± 1.2 × 103 CFU/disc) compared with the Ti (180.0 ± 72.1 × 103 CFU/disc). The in vivo infection model testing against S. aureus or P. acnes showed a significantly lower number of viable S. aureus or P. acnes on CC discs than Ti discs. The result was seen at all measured time points.

Conclusion.
CC suppressed S. aureus and P. acnes proliferation compared with Ti in vitro and in an in vivo infection model.

Level of Evidence: N/A
When Indirect Decompression Fails
Authors: Morgan Clinton D. , Walker Corey T. , Godzik Jakub , Ohiorhenuan Ifije E. , Catapano Joshua S. , Hemphill Courtney , Uribe Juan S. 
Published: February 2021

Study Design.
A consecutive series of patients who underwent minimally invasive spinal surgery by a single surgeon at a high-volume academic medical center were studied.

Objective.
The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence, radiographic features, and clinical characteristics of patients who require unplanned secondary decompressive laminectomy or foraminotomy after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF).

Summary of Background Data.
LLIF indirectly decompresses the spinal canal, lateral recess, and neural foramen when properly performed. However, indirect decompression relies on endplate integrity, reasonable bone quality, and sufficient contralateral release so that ligament distraction can occur. Some patients have insufficient decompression, resulting in persistent axial low back pain or radiculopathy.

Methods.
Patients undergoing LLIF for radiculopathy or refractory low back pain were enrolled in a prospective registry. Preoperative and postoperative imaging, clinical presentation, and operative reports were reviewed from this registry.

Results.
During registry collection, 122 patients were enrolled (220 lumbar levels treated), with nearly even representation between men (64/122, 52.5%) and women (58/122, 47.5%). Overall, right-sided lumbar spinal approaches (74/122, 60.7%) were more common. Ultimately, 4.1% (five of 122) of patients required unplanned direct decompressive laminectomy or foraminotomy because of refractory radiculopathy and persistent radiographic evidence of compression at the index LLIF level. All patients for whom indirect decompression failed were men who underwent stand-alone LLIF and had radiculopathy contralateral to the side of the LLIF approach. Most patients (59.8%, 73/122) had evidence of graft subsidence (grade 0 or 1) or osteoporosis.

Conclusion.
We report a 4.1% rate of return to the operating room for failed indirect decompression after LLIF for refractory radiculopathy. Graft subsidence and osteoporosis were common in these patients. All five patients who required secondary decompressive laminectomy or foraminotomy underwent stand-alone primary LLIF, and the persistent radiculopathy was consistently contralateral to the initial side of the LLIF approach.

Level of Evidence: 4
Do Author Conflicts of Interest and Industry Sponsorship Influence Outcomes of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Regarding Glaucoma Interventions? A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Wise Audrey , Mannem Deepika , Anderson Jon Michael , Weaver Michael , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt 
Published: February 2021

Précis:
In our sample of systematic reviews focusing on treatments for glaucoma, reviews conducted by authors with a conflict of interest were more likely to reach favorable conclusions compared with reviews without conflicted authors.

Purpose:
Previous studies have demonstrated that authors’ conflict of interest can influence outcomes of systematic reviews. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether the presence of 1 of more conflicts was associated with more favorable results and conclusions in systematic reviews of glaucoma interventions.

Materials and Methods:
MEDLINE and Embase were searched for systematic reviews of glaucoma treatments published between September 1, 2016 and June 2, 2020. Author conflicts of interest were located using multiple databases (eg, CMS Open Payments Database, Dollars for Profs, Google Patents, the United States Patent and Trademark Office USPTO) and previously published disclosure statements. Study sponsorship was determined using each review’s funding disclosure statement.

Results:
Our study included 26 systematic reviews conducted by 108 authors. Of these reviews, 9 (35%) were conducted by at least 1 author with an undisclosed conflict of interest. Of those 9, 3 (33%) reported results favoring the treatment group, and 5 (56%) reported conclusions favoring the treatment group. Of the 17 systematic reviews with no conflicted authors, 1 (6%) reported results favoring the treatment group, and 2 (12%) reported conclusions favoring the treatment group. The Fisher exact tests demonstrated that these differences held a statistically significant association between author conflicts and the favorability of the reviews’ conclusions toward the treatment group (P=0.04).

Conclusions:
We found that systematic reviews conducted by 1 or more authors with conflicts of interest were more likely than those with no conflicted authors to draw favorable conclusions about the investigated intervention.
Ten-Year Clinical Outcomes of Acute Primary Angle Closure Randomized to Receive Early Phacoemulsification Versus Laser Peripheral Iridotomy
Authors: Chan Poemen P. , Tang Fang Y. , Leung Dexter Y. , Lam Thomas C. , Baig Nafees , Tham Clement C. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
To compare the 10-year clinical outcomes of eyes with acute primary angle closure (APAC) randomized to receive either early phacoemulsification or laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).

Methods:
Sixty-two APAC patients, who underwent either early phacoemulsification (phaco group) or laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI group) in a previous randomized controlled trial, were invited for assessment 10 years after the interventions. The results of the 2 groups were compared.

Results:
Forty of 62 patients (64.5%; 19 in phaco group and 21 from LPI group) were examined. None of them underwent additional glaucoma procedure but 15 (71.4%) patients in the LPI group received lens extraction before this assessment. The mean follow-up duration was 10.7±0.7 years. The phaco group used less medication (0.16±0.37 vs. 0.76±1.09 bottle per eye, P=0.028), had less extensive anterior synechiae (120.0±116.12 vs. 244.3±139.8 degree, P=0.010), and greater mean Shaffer gonioscopy grading (1.79±0.84 vs. 1.40±0.87; P=0.021) than the LPI group. Five eyes had persistent intraocular pressure elevation of >21 mm Hg in 2 consecutive visits and 4 eyes had blindness (best-corrected visual acuity worse than 6/60 and/or central visual field of <20 degree) in the LPI group, compared with none in the phaco group (P=0.022 and 0.045, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity, and the number of eyes with visual field progression.

Conclusion:
At 10 years, APAC eyes that underwent early phacoemulsification required less medication, less peripheral anterior synechiae, lower incidence of intraocular pressure elevation and a lower incidence of blindness compared with APAC eyes that underwent initial LPI.
Novel Pedagogical Training for Nursing Doctoral Students in Support of Remote Learning
Authors: Burton Candace W. , Rodrigues Sarah M. , Jones-Patten Alexandria E. , Ju Eunae , Abrahim Heather L. , Saatchi Babak , Wilcox Stephen P. , Bender Miriam 
Published: February 2021

Background
The need for faculty to educate prospective nurses is urgent: without sufficient nursing faculty, schools regularly reject qualified applicants, despite an increasing need for nurses. At the same time, many graduate-prepared nurses lack preparation in teaching and pedagogical frameworks.

Problem
Literature on how PhD programs in nursing prepare graduates for teaching indicates that there is typically more emphasis on research than pedagogical learning.

Approach
With the shift to remote learning under the COVID-19 pandemic, the University of California Irvine created a Graduate Fellows program to provide support to faculty while offering graduate students education in pedagogy and remote learning.

Outcomes
Fellows were satisfied and reported increased understanding of challenges in teaching and increasing comfort with nurse faculty roles.

Conclusions
The collaborative efforts of fellows and faculty provided important resources at a critical time, and insights gained can inform similar projects in nursing faculty development.
The Predictive Value of Health Anxiety for Cancer Incidence and All-Cause Mortality: A 44-Year Observational Population Study of Women
Authors: Sigström Robert , Hällström Tore , Waern Margda , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Long-term data concerning mortality and serious illness as a function of health anxiety are scarce. We aimed to study health anxiety in relation to long-term mortality and cancer morbidity among women.

Methods
A Swedish population sample of women (n = 770; ages, 38–54 years) took part in a general medical and psychiatric examination in 1968 to 1969 and were followed up until 2013 in national Swedish registries for all-cause mortality and first diagnosis of cancer. A modified version of the Whiteley Index questionnaire (maximum score, 12) was used to measure health anxiety. Scores were trichotomized based on quartiles as no (score 0, lowest quartile), mild-moderate (score 1–2, middle quartiles), and high (score ≥3, highest quartile) health anxiety. Risks of death and cancer were evaluated with Cox regression models.

Results
Compared with women with mild-moderate health anxiety levels, women with no health anxiety had a higher risk of death (age-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.49; fully adjusted for baseline sociodemographic, mental, and physical health variables: HR, 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17–1.76). Women with high health anxiety levels had a greater risk of death in age-adjusted analysis (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04–1.54; fully adjusted HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.98–1.49). For both groups, the mortality risk was time dependent and declined during follow-up. We observed no between-group differences in the risk of cancer.

Conclusions
In this population-based cohort of midlife women, health anxiety was moderately associated with mortality in a U-shaped fashion. Absence of health anxiety entailed the greatest risk when other factors were taken into account.
Pharmacokinetics, Dialysability, and Safety of Gadopiclenol, a New Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent, in Patients With Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Bradu Andrei , Penescu Mircea , Pitrou Camille , Hao Jing , Bourrinet Philippe 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
The aims of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of gadopiclenol, a new macrocyclic gadolinium based-contrast agent, in subjects with impaired renal function, and to assess its dialysability in subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods and Materials
This 2-center, open-label, phase 1 study included 5 successive cohorts of 8 adult subjects: healthy subjects (cohort 1), subjects with mild (cohort 2), moderate (cohort 3), severe (cohort 4) renal impairment, or ESRD (cohort 5), who received a single intravenous injection of gadopiclenol (0.1 mmol/kg). Blood and urine samples were collected at different time points in cohorts 1 to 4, and blood and dialysate samples were collected at each hemodialysis session (4-hour session on day 1, day 3, and day 5) in cohort 5. Gadopiclenol elimination and safety were assessed for up to 6 months. Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis.

Results
A total of 40 subjects were included, with a mean age of 51.5 years (range, 18–71 years). No significant difference in the mean maximum concentration values and the distribution volume was observed among cohorts 1 to 4. Urinary excretion of unchanged gadopiclenol was delayed with the degree of renal impairment and ranged between 96% and 84% in subjects with mild to severe renal impairment. Compared with that of healthy subjects, the mean area under the plasma concentration curve was 54%, 148%, and 769% higher in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment, respectively. The mean terminal half-life was prolonged with the degree of renal impairment (1.9, 3.3, 3.8, and 11.7 hours for cohorts 1–4). In ESRD subjects, gadopiclenol was effectively removed from the plasma (95% to 98%) after the first hemodialysis session. Gadopiclenol concentration in plasma was below the limit of quantification for all subjects after the second hemodialysis session. Gadopiclenol concentration was below limit of quantification in all plasma and urine samples collected at 1, 3, and 6 months. Five subjects (12.5%) experienced adverse events related to gadopiclenol, none serious and all resolved. Laboratory measurements, vital signs, and electrocardiography did not raise any safety concern.

Conclusions
Gadopiclenol elimination half-life was prolonged in subjects with mild to severe renal impairment, yet its renal clearance remains complete or nearly complete. In ESRD subjects, gadopiclenol was effectively removed from the plasma after 1 hemodialysis session, and up to 3 hemodialysis sessions were sufficient to completely clear it. No safety concern was raised. Therefore, no dose adjustment seems necessary in this patient population.
Mandible Fractures Associated With the Introduction of an E-Scooter-Sharing System
Authors: Lentzen Max-Philipp , Grandoch Andrea , Buller Johannes , Kreppel Matthias , Zöller Joachim E. , Zirk Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the introduction of an e-scooter-sharing system in Germany, standing electric scooters became popular modes of transportation in many urban areas. But the increase in popularity has resulted in an increase in traumatic injuries associated with e-scooter accidents. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the common fracture pattern of patients with mandible fractures as a result of an electric scooter accident. The authors performed a retrospective investigation of 52 patients who were admitted to the trauma unit of an oral and maxillofacial department from June until November 2019 with a fracture of the mandible. Our study investigated the first 6 months of e-scooter sharing system in a major city with more than 1 million inhabitants. Our cohort consists of 52 patients, 38 males, and 14 females with a mean age of 37 years. E-scooter related mandible fractures were with 21% the third biggest group, after physical assault and falls. 45% of these patients were intoxicated by alcohol. Furthermore, the majority of e-scooter patients presented more than one fracture of the mandible (73%). For our cohort, a typical combination of a symphysis or body fracture and bilateral affected ramus and/or condyle was the prevalent recorded fracture combination (55%) of e-scooter related traumata. Small scooter wheels, a speed of 15 miles or 20 kilometers per hour and the individual clinging to the handlebar falling predestinate these vehicles for accidents with craniofacial trauma. Among all cranio-facial traumas mandible fractures were mostly documented for e-scooter accidents. The severity of e-scooter related mandible fractures and their fracture pattern should be recognized by trauma units.