bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining Reactivity Ratios in the Copolymerization of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate by EasySpin/MATLAB Simulations and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Riemann Lara , Brandt Sarah , Vana Philipp 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the ensemble of growing macroradicals are recorded during the radical copolymerization of styrene‐d8 and methyl methacrylate (MMA) for various comonomer compositions and subsequently modeled by MATLAB in combination with EasySpin simulations. Fully deuterated styrene‐d8 is used to simplify the EPR spectra and to allow a clear assignment of the EPR‐signals to the two different terminal units. By that approach, the macroradical fraction having styrene‐d8 as terminal unit, Φs, could directly be determined from the copolymerization spectra without concentration calibration. The so‐obtained Φs values could not be described by the penultimate model using the literature‐reported set of reactivity ratios. Consequently, Φs, the copolymer composition, and the overall propagation rate coefficient are adjusted in small steps simultaneously using Excel arriving at a new and more reliable set of reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of styrene and MMA.
Current therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases using mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Ming‐yao , Zhou Ting‐yue , Zhang Zhi‐dong , Liu Hao‐yang , Zheng Zhi‐yao , Xie Hui‐qi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential to proliferate, undergo multi‐directional differentiation, and exert immunoregulatory effects. There is already much enthusiasm for their therapeutic potentials for respiratory inflammatory diseases. Although the mechanism of MSCs‐based therapy has been well explored, only a few articles have summarized the key advances in this field. We hereby provide a review over the latest progresses made on the MSCs‐based therapies for four types of inflammatory respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and the uncovery of their underlying mechanisms from the perspective of biological characteristics and functions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the MSCs‐based therapies and prospects for their optimization.
The use of free myocutaneous flap and implant reinsertion for staged cranial reconstruction in patients with titanium mesh exposure and large skull defects with soft tissue infection after cranioplasty: Report of 19 cases
Authors: Han Yudi , Chen Youbai , Han Yan , Chen Zhaoyang , Li Liangxing , Pu Wenwen , Cui Lei , Chai Mi , Li Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundManagement of cranial defects following failed cranioplasty due to titanium mesh exposure and infection is challenging. The purpose of this report is to describe a modified technique using a free myocutaneous flap transfer for primary soft tissue reconstruction, and titanium mesh reinsertion for cranioplasty revision.MethodsNineteen patients with titanium mesh exposure and infection following cranioplasty were treated from January 2012 to January 2019. The average patient age was 41.89 years and the average size of the cranial defect was 7.74 × 13.92 cm. The reasons for craniotomy were craniocerebral trauma (n = 17), cerebrovascular disease (n = 1), and brain tumor (n = 1). The mean duration between implant exposure and current procedure was 7.16 months. Implant was removed and a free myocutaneous flap was designed to cover both scalp and cranium defects. After a mean duration of 12.32 months, implants were re‐inserted in a vascularized pocket at the second stage by elevating a plane between the previously transferred fascia layer and muscle layer.ResultsThe average sizes of the muscle flaps and skin paddles were 7.74 × 13.92 cm and 4.97 × 8.97 cm. The average size of the implants was 8.24 × 14.42 cm. All flaps survived completely with no complication. After an average follow‐up of 48.16 months there were no cranioplasty failures. Functional coverage of craniectomy defect sites with normalized head contour was achieved.ConclusionsThe use of free myocutaneous flap and implant reinsertion achieved durable cranial and scalp defect reconstruction and aesthetic outcomes. The myocutaneous flap increases blood supply to the scalp, which may reduce the chances of infection and implant re‐exposure.
ADMET Predictability at Boehringer Ingelheim: State‐of‐the‐Art, and Do Bigger Datasets or Algorithms Make a Difference?
Authors: Aleksić Stevan , Seeliger Daniel , Brown J. B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComputational methods assisting drug discovery and development are routine in the pharmaceutical industry. Digital recording of ADMET assays has provided a rich source of data for development of predictive models. Despite the accumulation of data and the public availability of advanced modeling algorithms, the utility of prediction in ADMET research is not clear. Here, we present a critical evaluation of the relationships between data volume, modeling algorithm, chemical representation and grouping, and temporal aspect (time sequence of assays) using an in‐house ADMET database. We find no large difference in prediction algorithms nor any systemic and substantial gain from increasingly large datasets. Temporal‐based data enlargement led to performance improvement in only in a limited number of assays, and with fractional improvement at best. Assays that are well‐, intermediately‐, or poorly‐suited for ADMET predictions and reasons for such behavior are systematically identified, generating realistic expectations for areas in which computational models can be used to guide decision making in molecular design and development.
A pregnant woman who experienced auditory hallucinations concurrent with hyperemesis gravidarum: A case report
Authors: Okayasu Hiroaki , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a pregnant woman who experienced auditory hallucinations only while suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first report of a case of obvious auditory hallucinations and hyperemesis gravidarum at the same time in a pregnant woman who had not been diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder. The patient was a 24‐year‐old pregnant woman with no history of psychiatric disorder. Two years prior to this admission, she became pregnant for the first time, and she was admitted to an obstetrics clinic due to severe hyperemesis gravidarum. She developed mild auditory hallucinations at the same time. After she gave birth, the auditory hallucinations disappeared. When she was 24 years old, she became pregnant again. She suffered from severe hyperemesis gravidarum from the early stage of pregnancy. At 20 weeks of pregnancy, she visited the Department of Psychiatry of our hospital for a detailed psychiatric evaluation and treatment because her moderate auditory hallucinations had relapsed. We administered an antipsychotic agent, perospirone, to treat the auditory hallucinations, which disappeared, although the hyperemesis gravidarum persisted until childbirth. After childbirth, perospirone treatment was discontinued, and her auditory hallucinations did not relapse. The auditory hallucinations may have occurred as a result of complicated biological and psychosocial factors. Physicians should carefully evaluate psychotic symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations, not only during the postpartum period but also throughout the course of pregnancy.
Associations of five obesity metrics with epigenetic age acceleration: Evidence from 2,474 Taiwan Biobank participants
Authors: Lin Wan‐Yu , Wang Yu‐Cyuan , Teng I‐Hsuan , Liu Chi , Lou Xiang‐Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveObesity is associated with epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), resulting in an increased risk of many age‐related disorders. However, most studies have focused on the relationship of EAA with BMI. Whether any other obesity metric is more relevant to EAA remains unknown.MethodsHere, the methylation ages of 2,474 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants were calculated according to Levine’s phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and Lu’s GrimAge. Residuals from regressing methylation age on chronological age were used to quantify PhenoEAA and GrimEAA. Five obesity metrics were evaluated, namely BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist‐hip ratio. Sex‐stratified EAA was regressed on each of the five obesity metrics.ResultsFor male individuals, an increase of one SD in waist‐hip ratio (0.06) was associated with a 0.602‐year PhenoEAA (p = 6.3E‐6) and a 0.481‐year GrimEAA (p = 1.2E‐8). For female individuals, every SD increase in BMI (3.7 kg/m2) was associated with a 0.600‐year PhenoEAA (p = 3.3E‐5) and a 0.305‐year GrimEAA (p = 3.1E‐5).Conclusions“Abdominal obesity” and “general obesity” are significantly associated with male and female EAA, respectively. The prevention of abdominal obesity and general obesity is associated with a lower risk of EAA in men and women, respectively.
Human adipose tissue is a putative direct target of daytime orexin with favorable metabolic effects: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Goldstein Nir , Tsuneki Hiroshi , Bhandarkar Nikhil , Aimaretti Eleonora , Haim Yulia , Kon Kanta , Sato Kiyofumi , Wada Tsutomu , Liberty Idit F. , Kirshtein Boris , Dukhno Oleg , Maixner Nitzan , Gepner Yftach , Sasaoka Toshiyasu , Rudich Assaf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveOrexin/hypocretin (Ox) and its receptors (OxR), a neuroendocrine system centrally regulating sleep/wakefulness, were implicated in the regulation of peripheral metabolism. It was hypothesized that human adipose tissue constitutes a direct target of the OxA/OxR system that associates with distinct metabolic profile(s).MethodsSerum Ox levels and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue expression of Ox/HCRT, OxR1/HCRTR1, and OxR2/HCRTR2 were measured in n = 81 patients.ResultsHigher morning circulating Ox levels were associated with improved lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, independently of BMI (β = −0.363, p = 0.018 for BMI‐adjusted homeostatic model of insulin resistance). Adipose HCRT mRNA was detectable in <20% of patients. Visceral HCRT expressers were mostly (80%) males and, compared with nonexpressers, had lower total and LDL cholesterol. HCRTR1 was readily detectable, and HCRTR2 was undetectable. HCRTR1 mRNA and OxR1 protein expression were higher in subcutaneous than visceral adipose tissue, and among nonobese patients, patients with obesity, and patients with obesity and T2DM were 3.4 (1.0), 0.7 (0.1), 0.6 (0.1) (AU) (p < 0.001) and 1.0 (0.2), 0.5 (0.1), 0.4 (0.1) (AU) (p = NS), respectively. Higher visceral HCRTR1 expression was associated with lower fasting insulin and homeostatic model of insulin resistance, also after adjusting for BMI. In human adipocytes, HCRTR1 expression did not exhibit significant oscillation.ConclusionsHuman adipose tissue is a putative direct target of the OxA‐OxR1 system, with higher morning input being associated with improved metabolic profile.
Cytarabine dose reduction in patients with low‐risk acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Getz Kelly D. , Alonzo Todd A. , Sung Lillian , Meshinchi Soheil , Gerbing Robert B. , Raimondi Susana , Hirsch Betsy , Loken Michael , Brodersen Lisa Eidenschink , Kahwash Samir , Choi John , Kolb E. Anders , Gamis Alan , Aplenc Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal number of chemotherapy courses for low‐risk (LR) pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not known.ObjectiveTo compare outcomes for four (21.6 g/m2 cytarabine) versus five (45.6 g/m2 cytarabine) chemotherapy courses for LR‐AML using data from Children's Oncology Group (COG) AAML0531 and AAML1031.MethodsWe compared relapse risk (RR), disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS), and the differential impact in LR subgroups for patients receiving four versus five chemotherapy courses. Cox (OS and DFS) and risk (RR) regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) to compare outcomes.ResultsA total of 923 LR‐AML patients were included; 21% received five courses. Overall, LR‐AML patients who received four courses had higher RR (40.9% vs. 31.4%; HR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.85), and worse DFS (56.0% vs. 67.0%; HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10–1.91). There was a similar decrement in OS though it was not statistically significant (77.0% vs. 83.5%; HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.97–2.17). Stratified analyses revealed the detrimental effects of cytarabine dose de‐escalation to be most pronounced in the LR‐AML subgroup with uninformative cytogenetic/molecular features who were minimal residual disease (MRD) negative after the first induction course (EOI1). The absolute decrease in DFS with four courses for patients with favorable cytogenetic/molecular features and positive MRD was similar to that observed for patients with uninformative cytogenetic/molecular features and negative MRD at EOI1, though not statistically significant.ConclusionsOur results support de‐escalation of cytarabine exposure through the elimination of a fifth chemotherapy course only for LR‐AML patients who have both favorable cytogenetic/molecular features and negative MRD after the first induction cycle.
Tumefactive demyelination in pediatrics: An unusual late neurological complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Haldorai Meena , Kamila Gautam , Gupta Aditya Kumar , Meena Jagdish Prasad , Jauhari Prashant , Jana Manisha , Kumar Atin , Brijwal Megha , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Gulati Sheffali , Seth Rachna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmune‐mediated demyelination is a rare posttransplant complication. Here, we report an 8.5‐year‐old boy who developed left hemiparesis, 18 months post matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and was diagnosed to have tumefactive demyelination. The diagnosis was established based on clinical and radiological features. The complete resolution of the lesions with steroids further established the immune‐mediated pathophysiology.
Fused deposition modeling based polymeric materials and their performance: A review
Authors: Shanmugam Vigneshwaran , Pavan Munagoti Venkata , Babu Karthik , Karnan Balamurugan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has several advantages that will make a revolution in polymeric material development. In the AM of polymeric materials, filament deposition modeling (FDM) has been widely used owing to its versatility, low cost, and efficacy. FDM includes different parameters and also an interlayer adhesion that contributes to the performance of the printed parts. In recent years, reinforcement has been introduced in FDM‐printed polymeric materials to improve performance. This review looked at different polymer materials that were printed using the FDM process. A systematic literature search was conducted on FDM‐printed polymers, and the mechanical and thermal performance of these materials was reviewed and critically reported. The performance of FDM printed polymeric materials has been discussed in relation to FDM process parameters, matrix type, fiber reinforcement type, particle reinforcement type, and lattice structure. In a nutshell, this review article will assist researchers working in the field of 3D printing of polymeric materials in understanding the various polymer and polymeric composites' properties and performance.
Infant RSV immunoprophylaxis changes nasal epithelial DNA methylation at 6 years of age
Authors: Xu Cheng‐Jian , Scheltema Nienke M. , Qi Cancan , Vedder Rolf , Klein Laura B. C. , Nibbelke Elisabeth E. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Bont Louis J. , Koppelman Gerard H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been associated with childhood wheeze and asthma, and potential mechanisms include persistent epigenetic effects.MethodsIn the randomized, placebo‐controlled MAKI trial, 429 preterm infants randomly received RSV immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab or placebo during their first RSV season. Children were followed until age 6 for asthma evaluation. DNA methylation in cells obtained by nasal brushes at age 6 was measured by Illumina MethylationEPIC array.ResultsRSV immunoprophylaxis in infancy had a significant impact on global methylation patterns in nasal cells at age 6. The first principal component (PC) related to the immunoprophylaxis intervention was enriched for the pathway “detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell” and “T cell differentiation.” Subsequent analysis of these PCs indicated an effect of RSV immunoprophylaxis on cell type composition of nasal brushed cells. Three CpG sites, cg18040241, cg08243963, and cg19555973 which are annotated to genes GLB1L2, SC5D, and BPIFB1, were differentially methylated at genome‐wide significance, but were not associated with asthma.ConclusionThe study provides the first proof of concept that RSV immunoprophylaxis during infancy has long‐term effects on nasal epigenetic signatures at age 6, relating to host sensory perception, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and adaptive immune responses.
Unusual complications after MammoSite brachytherapy: out‐of‐field rib fracture and Mondor's disease
Authors: Rahimy Elham , Evans Suzanne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent reports have documented in‐field rib fractures as a rare complication of accelerated partial breast irradiation. Here, we report a case of an out‐of‐field rib fracture, with a maximum point dose of <50% of the prescribed dose, and Mondor's disease in a 61‐year‐old woman after MammoSite brachytherapy. This is the first case in the literature in which rib fractures occurred out‐of‐field, without trauma or risk factors. It also highlights a rare clinical entity, Mondor's disease, of which its recognition is important for radiation oncologists given its potential for tumor recurrence.
The leaf beetle Labidostomis lusitanica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as an Iberian pistachio pest: projecting risky areas
Authors: Gómez Sara Rodrigo , Gil‐Tapetado Diego , García‐Gila Jaime , Blasco‐Aróstegui Javier , Polidori Carlo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is a commercially important tree in the Mediterranean basin, where there is a considerable increase in cultivation, especially in Spain. Because of its recent introduction as a crop in the country (1980s), studies on the pests of pistachio in Spain are still rare. Here, we studied the leaf beetle Labidostomis lusitanica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which was observed on pistachio and might become a serious pest under the expanding Spanish pistachio fields. Because early detection of pests is extremely important to properly plan control strategies, we (i) updated the information on the distribution of the species through samplings and surveys, and (ii) modelled its potential distribution.RESULTSCurrently, L. lusitanica occurs across the whole Iberian Peninsula, especially in its southern and eastern parts, with adults on flight roughly from late April to early June. Analysis of climatic niches showed that L. lusitanica prefers dry and hot areas, which are conditions found especially in the central‐southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Such highly suitable areas for this pest overlap considerably with the suitable areas for pistachio cultivation. Surveys of pistachio growers weakly suggested a higher pest attack probability, but, unexpectedly, a lower perceived impact in very suitable areas for L. lusitanica, suggesting that other factors may shape its pest potential in a complex way.CONCLUSIONIn line with what has been observed for other Labidostomis species on pistachio in other Mediterranean countries, L. lusitanica has a good potential to harm pistachio production in Spain, claiming for further investigations and prevention strategies. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Nuclear receptor HR96 up‐regulates cytochrome P450 for insecticide detoxification in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Kim In‐Young , Choi Byungyoon , Park Woo‐Ram , Kim Yu‐Ji , Kim Bo‐Eun , Mun Seulgi , Choi Hueng‐Sik , Kim Don‐Kyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRed flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum), is a major agricultural pest that causes significant damage to stored grains and products. Although hormone receptor 96 (HR96) is known to be the single ortholog corresponding to mammalian constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor, the structural features of Tribolium HR96 (TcHR96) and its role in insecticide‐mediated transcription control of cytochrome P450 enzyme genes in T. castaneum have not been elucidated yet.RESULTSWe cloned full‐length complementary DNA encoding TcHR96 and revealed the role of TcHR96 in transcriptional control of cytochrome P450 enzyme genes. Interestingly, genome‐wide transcriptome analysis of HR96‐deficient beetles using RNA sequencing showed a positive correlation between TcHR96 and gene transcription of metabolizing enzymes involved in phase I detoxification processes. Moreover, TcHR96 overexpression significantly increased the promoter activity of genes encoding phase I P450 enzymes such as CYP4Q4, CYP4G7, CYP4BR3, and CYP345A1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that TcHR96 could directly bind to the promoter of gene encoding CYP345A1, an enzyme for metabolizing insecticides in T. castaneum. Furthermore, imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, significantly increased gene expression of phase I P450 enzymes in old larvae of T. castaneum, which were reversed by TcHR96 knockdown. Finally, TcHR96 knockdown significantly decreased the resistance of old larvae to imidacloprid concomitant with reduction of imidacloprid‐mediated phase I P450 enzyme gene expression.CONCLUSIONTcHR96 plays a major role in transcriptional control of P450 enzyme for imidacloprid detoxification. Controlling TcHR96 might facilitate the regulation of insecticide tolerance in T. castaneum, thus providing a promising new strategy to manage pest beetle populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fully relativistic study on electron impact elastic scattering from Nq+ (q = 1–3), Na+, Arq+ (q = 1–3, 7–8), and Xeq+ (q = 2–6, 8)
Authors: Mahato Dibyendu , Sharma Lalita , Srivastava Rajesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA study is presented on the elastic scattering of electrons from Nq+ (q = 1–3), Na+, Arq+ (q = 1–3, 7–8), Xeq+ (q = 2–6, 8) to understand the available experimental differential cross section results. A model potential approach has been utilized to describe the scattering process. The model potential includes the static, exchange, polarization and absorption potentials. The static potentialis obtained through the charge density calculated by obtaining ionic wave functions using multi‐configuration Dirac‐Fock (MCDF) approximation. Thereafter, the static potential is added to the suitable exchange, polarisation and absorption potentials to construct the spherically averaged complex optical potential. Using the obtained potential in the Dirac equations,these are solved with the partial wave phase shift analysis method and the differential cross sections are calculated. Results for different ions exhibit prominent interference structures in the energy versus cross section curves and show good agreement on comparison with the experimental results available in the selected energy ranges.