bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating models of integrated development of ecotourism in Russian protected areas
Authors: B-Zh Maksanova L , Kharitonova O B , Andreeva A M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe topic of ecotourism is now more relevant than ever, both in Russia and around the world. Despite the existence of well-known world practices of creating a variety of ecotourism products and services compatible with the goals of conservation of natural territories, Russia still has a long way to go to turn ecotourism into alternative form of recreation that contributes to the environmental and socio-economic development in the Russian regions. The article discusses the methodological approaches, experiences, and results of the All-Russian competition organized to identify pilot ecotourism areas, where tourist and recreational clusters (TRCs) may be developed through implementation of the combined potential of nature protection areas and adjacent territories. The research database includes the competition documents and regional projects published on the website https://priroda.life. The paper presents the goals, objectives, stages and features of the competition, regional strategies for participation in the competition, and the best projects. Moreover, the study identifies the key challenges for the development of ecotourism in natural areas. It shows that the process of involving Russian protected areas (PAs) in ecotourism is more than one-step action, that requires a systematic approach to advancement of tourism-and-recreational clusters jointly with the development of natural and adjacent territories.
Natural clays as effective sorbents of anthropogenic pollutants
Authors: Badmaeva S V , Ts Khankhasaeva S , Ukhinova M V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, the adsorptive properties the Tuldon deposit were studied using the example of the adsorption of the basic dye “Methyl Green” from aqueous solutions. It has been established that the kinetic regularities of the dye adsorption on clay are consistent with the model of the kinetics of the pseudo-second order, characteristic of chemisorption. The isotherm of the dye adsorption is in good agreement with the Langmuir model. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the clay of the Tuldon deposit can be an effective sorbent for removing basic dyes from aqueous media.
Artemisia of Inner Asia: species diversity, essential oils’ composition and practical use
Authors: Zhigzhitzhapova S V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Genus Artemisia is one of the large multispecies genera of the Asteraceae family in the Siberian flora. In the arid and subarid zones of the Holarctic, wormwoods are often the dominant plant community. On the territory of Buryatia there are 47 species of Artemisia, on the territory of Mongolia – 102, and on the Qinghai territory – 54. The genus Artemisia L., growing in Buryatia, Mongolia and Qinghai belongs to three subgenera, of which the subgenus Artemisia is the most widely widespread. The subgenus Seriphidium is more prevalent in Mongolia (16 species), rather than in Buryatia or Qinghai (2 species in each territory). The territories of Buryatia, Mongolia and Qinghai have 13 common species of Artemisia. Among the plants belonging to the genus Artemisia, 40 species grow in both Buryatia and Mongolia at the same time, 22 – in Mongolia and Qinghai, 14 – in Buryatia and Qinghai. The component composition of essential oils is formed as a result of the influence of abiotic and biotic factors of the environment on the plant during its growth. It ensures the best adaptation of the plant to the conditions of particular location. Many species of wormwoods have an important practical value, with a potential to be used in medicine, functional nutrition, food industry, and also as fodder, technical and decorative plants.
Research on Wind Power Prediction Algorithm Based on Fusion Model
Authors: Li Angru , Ma Dechao , Liu Qi , Ji Kun , Ling Shaoliang , Chen Jiajia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWind power generation is currently one of the most promising power generation technologies. It is particularly important to improve the prediction accuracy of wind power output, which can effectively reduce the impact on the grid when wind power is connected to the grid. Based on the fractal model, this paper integrates it with the wind power prediction model, and combines the custom K nearest neighbor algorithm to evaluate the prediction effect using multi-dimensional indicators. Finally, taking the data of a wind farm in northwest china as an example, compared it with the prediction model of random forest, support vector machine and gradient boosting decision tree prediction model to verify the effectiveness of the prediction algorithm in this paper.
The Combustion Numerical Simulation of a Liquid Slag Pulverized Coal Burner in the High Temperature Secondary Air
Authors: Zhao Huaizhi , Wang Jingfu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Taking a liquid slag pulverized coal burner as the research object, the combustion characteristics of the burner in different high temperature secondary air were simulated by Fluent commercial software, and the combustion characteristics of temperature field distribution and the change of component concentration were obtained. The simulation results show that the burner can form a front ignition zone, the air vortex low temperature zone, the central DC flame and the annular flame in the hot state. It can be found that increasing the secondary air temperature can improve the combustion intensity of the burner, promote the formation of CO, and form a high temperature reduction zone, which is conducive to inhibiting pollutant emissions. The research results provide theoretical support for the application of the burner in practice.
Analysis of Suspended Potential Discharge Defects by SF6 Decomposition Products
Authors: Fu Lijun , Guan Yanling , Zhang Liang , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The type and content of SF6 decomposition products are directly related to the type, location and degree of fault. Based on the analysis of the abnormal SF6 gas decomposition product content and discharge type of 126kV Porcelain Column type circuit breaker, the potential fault of the circuit breaker is judged to be suspension potential discharge fault. After disassembling the circuit breaker, it is found that the abnormal phase of the insulation rod is deformed, the pin become thin, and there are solid decomposition products, the sulfides and fluoride, which are mainly composed of iron, aluminum, chromium and manganese, further confirm that the potential fault of the circuit breaker is suspension potential discharge fault. The forming process and reaction mechanism of the suspended potential discharge fault are analyzed. Once the fault occurs, its function will promote the development of the fault. The influence of the suspension potential discharge fault on the performance of the circuit breaker is also analyzed. When the suspension potential discharge fault exists, it will cause the abnormality and even affect the normal operation of the circuit breake.
Effect of Unbalanced Force Loading on the Safety of Transmission Tower
Authors: Zhang Hongji 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
High-voltage transmission towers, as support points for overhead transmission lines, are often under the condition of unbalanced force loading. Transmission towers can collapse because of the unbalanced forces, leading to the power outage. Therefore, it is of practical importance to set a research on the effect of unbalanced force loading on the safety of transmission tower. In this paper, based on the prototype of 500kV transmission tower, the integral beam element model is established by ABAQUS finite element software for simulation analysis. Static load mode and unbalanced force loading were considered in this simulation model. Through the comparative analysis of the maximum displacement and stress in transmission tower, the safety of the 500kV transmission tower was analyzed. The variations of maximum displacement and Mises stress with the increasing unbalanced force were obtained. The limit of unbalanced force the 500kV transmission tower can sustain was given by comparing the simulated results.
Research on Micro-terrain Classification of Transmission Line Galloping
Authors: Li Li , Xu Xunjian , Guo Jun , Jian Zhou 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Micro-terrain and micro-weather have an important impact on transmission line galloping. In order to carry out galloping prediction of micro-terrain, the classification of galloping micro-terrain is studied in this work. Firstly, we collect historical data of 1537 galloping points from the State Grid Corporation of China, and select 208 galloping points located in the micro-terrain area by analyzing the altitude and the topographic relief characteristics around each galloping point. Then the galloping micro-terrain types are extracted by Empirical Orthogonal Function method, the first four spatial modes of galloping micro-terrain are the windward slope of east-west mountain area, the windward slope of north-south mountain area, the independent hill, and the saddle back of mountain/hill. Finally, the regional characteristics of typical micro-terrain are analyzed according to the actual lines.
Influence of Surfactant YB-1 on Core Wettability
Authors: Zheng Yong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on the core self-priming displacement experiment, the change of self-priming oil displacement and rock wettability of Gemini surfactant in different permeability cores is analyzed. The experimental results show that the self-priming oil displacement of core increases with the decrease of interfacial tension, and the larger the permeability of core is, the more the self-priming oil displacement is. At the same time, the wettability of core changes from lipophilic to hydrophilic. It is found that the relationship between the interfacial tension and the moisture index is logarithmic.
Analysis and Study on the Degradation of Sarfloxacin Hydrochloride by BiVO4 Synthetic Material
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liu Wenbin , Yu Liansheng , Lv Kuilin , Lv Yuguang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Difloxacin hydrochloride is commonly used in livestock and poultry chronic respiratory diseases, tracheitis, enteritis, pneumonia, avian cholera, Streptococcosis, typhoid and other diseases caused by sensitive bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus and Pasteurella multocida, especially for Chicken Colibacillosis, piglet red, yellow and white dysentery. The prepared BiVO4 synthetic material was used for photodegradation of the target degradation product of salfloxacin hydrochloride. The degradation rate of the sample to salfloxacin hydrochloride was 24.1%; The degradation rate of the composite sample (Polypyrrole/graphene oxide/bismuth vanadate) reached 75.57%. The degradation rate was 5 times that of BiVO4.
High-rise Building Integrated with Solar Chimney and Bioenergy
Authors: Wang Biao , Wang Zhihao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In dense mega cities, high-rise buildings huge energy consumption on mechanical ventilation and overheat produced by the air conditioners are among big challenges for the sustainable building development and green city construction. Solar chimney is proved to be an efficient method to promote natural ventilation for buildings. Different types of solar chimney are presented with a high-rise building layout example. Solar chimney geometry and environment basic data is suggested to be evaluated to optimize the Solar chimney’s natural ventilation. In addition, aiming as well a clean and sustainable environment, bio-energy can be adopted in buildings by integrating with algae-fluid window and wall system. Different materials of radiation absorber can be studied and integrated with solar chimney. An outline of research on solar chimney integrated with bio-energy for high-rise building is given in this paper. In order to succeed, close multidisciplinary cooperation is necessary for the project which involves at least architecture, thermal physics, air dynamics, materials science and biology. Experiment conditions and potential risk should be discussed beforehand.
Investigation on the use of aluminium rich sandy soil as natural adsorbent in the removal of lead from water
Authors: Ng Y S , Tan Y J , Heng K J , Ong Y H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe feasibility of aluminium rich sandy soil collected from Jeram as natural adsorbent in removing lead (Pb) from water was investigated without any surface modification. The investigation on the effect of initial concentration, solution pH, and soil:solution ratio was carried out using response surface methodology. The adsorption efficiency was increased at higher pH and soil:solution ratio, as well as lower initial concentration, as a result of higher availability of adsorption sites and less adsorbate competition. The adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm and monolayer chemisorption with an adsorption capacity of 10.64 mg g−1. The process followed pseudo-second order kinetic model, with a rate constant of 0.011 g mg−1min−1at optimum adsorption pH of 4-5.
Impact of heavy hydrocarbon impurities on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane stability
Authors: Saleh S M , Chan Z P , Chang F F A C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Membrane contactor technology has attained considerable attention as a promising technology to reduce CO2 content in natural gas. In this study, the main objective is to investigate the effect of heavy hydrocarbons impurities, often present in natural gas, on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fibre membrane. The membranes were immersed for months in n-heptane, 1-decene, benzene and toluene, and analysed periodically through its surface morphology, composition, functional groups, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability. The characteristics of PTFE fibres remained unchanged even after long term exposure with heavy hydrocarbons. This study provides a better understanding of the robustness of using PTFE membrane fibre for CO2 removal in membrane contactor system.
Synthesis of symmetrical structured triglycerides via a bottom-up process
Authors: Agapay R C , Go A W , Ju Y H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The synthesis of symmetrical structured triglycerides (STG) through a bottom-up approach was previously shown to produce 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol in significant quantities. This solvent-free lipase-catalyzed process, consisting of a low-temperature (40 °C) esterification step with glycerol dosing followed by a high-temperature (60 °C) esterification step, was further investigated in the production of symmetrical medium-and-long-chain triglycerides (MLCT). By replacing oleic acid with capric acid in the first step or the palmitic acid by either capric acid or lauric acid in the second step, the effects of free fatty chain length and sequence of fatty acid addition on STG production were established. These produced 1,3-dicaproyl-2-oleoyl glycerol, 1,3-dioleoyl-2-caproyl glycerol, and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-lauroyl glycerol at concentrations of 36.98 g, 36.77 g, and 37.08 g per 100 g of triglycerides respectively after 72 h at an overall FFA1:FFA2:Glycerol of 2:1:1 and 4 g Novozyme 435 per 100 g reactants, without the purification of intermediates and products. The sequence of fatty acid addition had the most significant effect as purer STG products can be obtained when the medium chain fatty acid is introduced in the first step. As the process was carried out without solvents, the STG produced are appropriate for functional food or nutraceutical applications.
Organic acid-assisted catalytic wet torrefaction of oil palm trunks (OPT)
Authors: Soh M , Chew J J , Sunarso J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Oil palm trunks (OPT) are attractive bio-fuel sources given their abundant availability. Nonetheless, the inherent properties of these biomass can lead to their inefficient use as bio-fuel directly. This work utilizes four organic acids (i.e., acetic, formic, levulinic, and citric acid) as catalyst in wet torrefaction to enhance the fuel properties of OPT hydrochar. In this study, the effects of different catalysts, catalyst concentrations, and residence times on the fuel properties of OPT hydrochar are analyzed. To study the effect of residence time, 0.2M of acid concentration was used for all four acids at 220 °C for 3 hr and 24 hr. Meanwhile, study on the effect of catalyst concentration was performed at 220 °C for 24 hr at 0.2M and 1.0M for all four acids. Increasing the residence time decreased the solid yield of OPT hydrochar treated in deionized water, acetic, formic, and levulinic acid, while wet torrefaction in citric acid results in close solid yield value in both residence time. The energy yield was observed to decrease in all liquid medium with increasing residence time except for formic acid and citric acid. On the other hand, increasing the acid concentration increased the OPT hydrochar solid yield in all acids except formic acid and the highest energy yield of 77.08% was obtained from wet torrefaction in 1.0M of citric acid at 220 °C for 24 hr. In summary, citric acid is an environmentally friendly acid to be used as catalyst to enhance the fuel properties of OPT hydrochar. Further study on the reaction mechanisms that governs such fuel properties enhancement with citric acid is warranted.
Extraction of magnesium from salt pond waste with low lithium grade using sodium silicate reagent
Authors: Sulistiyono E , Harjanto S , Lalasari L H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, Indonesia’s salt production process has shifted from a traditional salt pond process to a salt pond with a geomembrane tarpaulin system. This system has the advantage of producing a faster salting process and a better salt quality and producing a thick yellow liquid waste known as bittern. The waste produced has not been fully utilized, even though the waste contains valuable elements, namely magnesium, lithium, and others. This paper investigates the potential utilization of bittern by extracting magnesium from by-product salt pond using sodium silicate reagent with various concentrations of 125–250 g/l. The bittern used in this experiment had the chemical composition as follows: 33,184 ppm magnesium (Mg), 23,787 ppm sodium (Na), 6.1 ppm lithium (Li), 5,491 ppm potassium (K), 617 ppm calcium (Ca), 152 ppm boron (B). The highest removal of magnesium ion by addition of sodium silicate of 250 g/l was about 96.2%. The results showed that the solid products were magnesium silicate precipitates without containing asbestos compounds. The magnesium silicate precipitate product can be applied as talc raw material for the pharmaceutical industry.
Fractionation of phycocyanin and carbohydrate from Spirulina platensis using ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Choi Y H , Mah S K , Ng Y S , Lee S Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microalgae have gained considerable attention due to their high-value biomolecules and potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, medical and cosmeceutical field. However, the conventional biorefinery process of microalgae are costly, energy-intensive, and time-consuming. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) has emerged as a potential technique for the separation and fractionation of biomolecules in the biorefinery field. This study proposed the application of ionic liquid (IL) based ATPS for the fractionation of high-value phycocyanin and carbohydrates from a crude extract of Spirulina platensis.The biomass was first lysed by a high-speed homogenization with a solid to liquid ratio (S/L) of 1:10 and an operation time of 5 min to achieve optimum yields of multiple products. Next, the feasibility of several IL-based ATPS with phosphate/citrate buffer was evaluated by investigating the effects of cation, anion, and alkyl chain’s length of ILs. Among the IL-based ATPS, the system comprising of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide and citrate buffer demonstrated the optimum phycocyanin extraction efficiency of 83.26 ± 0.05% at the top phase and a concurrent recovery of 73.89±0.06% carbohydrate at the bottom phase. In this work, the IL-based ATPS performed better than conventional polymer-based ATPS. This work suggests that IL-based ATPS allows efficient fractionation of phycocyanin and carbohydrates.
Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes scaffolds for proliferation and early differentiation of MG63 by functionalization with fetal bovine serum
Authors: Lim S S , Zu H M , Loh H S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Scaffolds have been used as alternative biomaterials to overcome physiological bone disorders. Production of scaffolds has been challenging to fulfil the following criteria: biodegradability, mechanical sustainability, and biocompatibility. For cellular interaction, protein adsorbed on scaffold surface is important for osteoblastic activities. This study aimed to functionalize chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes scaffolds with fetal bovine serum and investigate in vitro efficacy of such scaffolds with fetal bovine serum. Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes scaffolds were prepared via direct blending and lyophilization. They were then functionalized with fetal bovine serum via adsorption for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. The in vitro efficacy of the functionalized scaffolds was evaluated using MG63 cells. The adsorption of fetal bovine serum onto the scaffolds was complex where saturation of adsorption was hardly attained. The in vitro efficacy of scaffolds with adsorbed fetal bovine serum was higher than that of those without fetal bovine serum by promoting better osteoblastic functions. Notably, the scaffolds functionalized for 4 h enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation on 7 day suggesting good regulation of osteoblastic binding and proliferation. ALP protein was expressed on 26 day in all functionalized scaffolds. Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes scaffolds with adsorbed fetal bovine serum can be a potential regenerative material for bone regeneration.
Evolution of predictive emissions in PETRONAS
Authors: Rusman A , Tuan Mat TA , Shabudin N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effect of global warming and unprecedented black swan events give rise to innovative solutions to keep manufacturing companies stay afloat. Many countries have started to employ more stringent emissions limits and stricter monitoring enforcements. PETRONAS is not spared from these policies and with the enforcement of Clean Air Regulation Act (CAR) 2014, PETRONAS embarked on its emissions monitoring via statistical modelling methods. Traditional analysers are still employed for the emissions monitoring, but the focus of the paper is to spotlight the efforts in utilising soft sensors in ensuring compliance to CAR 2014. Soft sensors are predictive models developed to infer primary parameters. The models can be derived via statistical tools or based on first principles using chemical engineering knowledge. The use of soft sensors is not only pervasive in the manufacturing industry but is also widely used elsewhere as it provides an indication of the future position of the primary indicators for the specific industry. The paper will also provide some insights on potential next steps in supporting PETRONAS efforts in its Sustainability Agenda. It also tells the story of collaborative efforts in maintaining good positive governance and relationship with its stakeholders.