bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Perceived Problematic Use of Online Pornography Is Linked to Clinically Relevant Levels of Psychological Distress and Psychopathological Symptoms
Authors: Mennig Manuel , Tennie Sophia , Barke Antonia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOnline pornography is a widespread Internet application. As with other Internet applications, in some cases its use can become problematic. First indications point to a link between problematic use of online pornography and psychological distress and general functional impairment. However, to date, there are no standardized criteria for assessing problematic use of online pornography. In this study, we used the Online Pornography Disorder Questionnaire (OPDQ)—an instrument which adapted the official criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder to online pornography—to measure problematic use and investigated to what extent consumers with a self-perceived problematic use of online pornography differed from casual users with regard to their psychological distress. An online sample of German adult visitors to a popular casual dating site completed the OPDQ, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and provided information on their online pornography use (n = 1539; 72.6% male; 31.43 ± 11.96 years). T-scores for the BSI were calculated and independent t-tests were conducted to compare casual users with consumers with a self-perceived problematic use of online pornography. Of the users, 5.9% fulfilled the criteria for problematic use. This group consumed online pornography for longer amounts of time and showed higher levels of psychological distress (Hedges’ g from 0.75 to 1.21). The T-scores of users with self-perceived problematic online pornography use reached clinically relevant levels on all subscales. Overall, the results of the study indicate that self-perceived problematic use of online pornography seems to be linked to severe psychological distress that may warrant clinical attention.
The perceptions of female breadwinner parents regarding their children’s distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Aladsani Hibah Khalid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCovid-19 has affected the everyday educational lives of students, teachers, administrators, and parents. Parents who are living in low-income and disadvantaged communities are probably more likely than others to have been affected by the pandemic in relation to their children’s distance learning. This study focused on the perceptions, predictions, and suggestions of female breadwinner parents from low-income families regarding their children’s distance learning. Data were collected from 12 mothers who participated in a three-stage focus group study. The data from the focus group discussions were thematically analyzed into three categories: (1) financial issues, (2) social and cultural issues, and (3) educational issues. Additionally, the findings presented the breadwinners’ general and technological reasons for their predictions for enhancing education in the future if schools return to face-to-face learning or pursue a blended learning approach. The breadwinners suggested three approaches to teaching and learning for the following academic year. The findings of this study may be useful in the development of educational policies and training programs to provide essential social and technological support to low-income families to address their needs in the online learning environment and to improve digital equity for low-income families who are likely to be educationally disadvantaged.
Difficulties in semantically congruent translation of verbally and symbolically represented algebraic statements
Authors: Castro Encarnación , Cañadas María C. , Molina Marta , Rodríguez-Domingo Susana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the difficulties faced by a group of middle school students (13- to 15-year-olds) attempting to translate algebraic statements written in verbal language into symbolic language and vice versa. The data used were drawn from their replies to a written quiz and semi-structured interviews. In the former, students were confronted with a series of algebraic statements and asked to choose the sole translation, of four proposed for each, that was semantically congruent with the original. The results show that most of the errors detected were due to arithmetic issues, especially around the distinction between product and exponent or sum and product in connection with the notions of perimeter and area. As a rule, the error distribution by type varied depending on the type of task involved.
Transformative Contextual Realism
Authors: Westphal Manon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRealist political theory is often confronted with the objection that it is biased towards the status quo. Although this criticism overlooks the fact that realist political theories contain various resources for critique, a realist approach that is strong in status quo critique and contributes, constructively, to the theorising of alternatives to the status quo is a desideratum. The article argues that contextual realism, which sources its normativity from particular contexts, harbours an underexploited potential to establish such a form of political theorising. By drawing on ideas and principles that have guided critical engagements with social and political forms in a particular context, and on widely shared views of need for reform, realists can identify deficits of the status quo and contribute to a debate on how these deficits might be addressed. This article describes and illustrates the idea of a transformative contextual realism, and defends it against some potential objections.
Experimental philosophical bioethics and normative inference
Authors: Earp Brian D. , Lewis Jonathan , Dranseika Vilius , Hannikainen Ivar R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explores an emerging sub-field of both empirical bioethics and experimental philosophy, which has been called “experimental philosophical bioethics” (bioxphi). As an empirical discipline, bioxphi adopts the methods of experimental moral psychology and cognitive science; it does so to make sense of the eliciting factors and underlying cognitive processes that shape people’s moral judgments, particularly about real-world matters of bioethical concern. Yet, as a normative discipline situated within the broader field of bioethics, it also aims to contribute to substantive ethical questions about what should be done in a given context. What are some of the ways in which this aim has been pursued? In this paper, we employ a case study approach to examine and critically evaluate four strategies from the recent literature by which scholars in bioxphi have leveraged empirical data in the service of normative arguments.
The legitimacy of corporate entrepreneurship: a structured literature review
Authors: Göcke Lutz , Hülsebusch Kristina , Menter Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorporate entrepreneurship (CE) is essential for today’s firms and currently a topic of considerable interest within the business community. Although the magnitude of related studies has increased over the last years, research on CE is missing an integrated concept and a research agenda for understanding the dynamics of resource deployment and withdrawal, resulting from legitimacy within the organization. The objective of this study is to examine the determinants influencing the provision and withdrawal of resources in the context of corporate entrepreneurship and identify the underlying strategies for gaining legitimacy. Analyzing more than 30 years of research, we provide a multidimensional framework synthesizing the state-of-the-art of resource allocation and withdrawal in CE. Our findings suggest that CE entities undertaking legitimation efforts, to be perceived as a meaningful and trustworthy organizational element and receive active and passive support, is very important. Based on the structured literature review, we propose a legitimacy perspective on the resource dynamics in CE settings, to further advance our understanding of resource deployment and withdrawal within organizations.
What to do after a data breach? Examining apology and compensation as response strategies for health service providers
Authors: Masuch Kristin , Greve Maike , Trang Simon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInnovative IT-enabled health services promise tremendous benefits for customers and service providers alike. Simultaneously, health services by nature process sensitive customer information, and data breaches have become an everyday phenomenon. The challenge that health service providers face is to find effective recovery strategies after data breaches to retain customer trust and loyalty. We theorize and investigate how two widely applied recovery actions (namely apology and compensation) affect customer reactions after a data breach in the specific context of fitness trackers. Drawing on expectation confirmation theory, we argue that the recovery actions derived from practice, apology, and compensation address the assimilation-contrast model’s tolerance range and, thus, always lead to satisfaction with the recovery strategy, which positively influences customers’ behavior. We employ an experimental investigation and collect data from fitness tracker users during a running event. In the end, we found substantial support for our research model. Health service providers should determine specific customer expectations and align their data breach recovery strategies accordingly.
An Empirical Note on the Long-Run Effects of Public and Private R&D on TFP
Authors: Herzer Dierk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have examined the long-run effects of public and private R&D on TFP with mixed results. A common feature of these studies is that they measure public and private R&D activity using perpetual inventory stocks of public and private R&D capital, constructed under the assumption that the prices of GDP, public R&D, and private R&D move identically. This note argues that the results of these studies may be biased if the assumption of identical price movements is violated. The purpose and main contribution of this note is to estimate the long-run elasticities of TFP with respect to public and private R&D using both the stock of public/private R&D capital and an alternative measure of public/private R&D activity: the number of public/private sector researchers. In addition, this study contributes to the literature by developing a simple theoretical model that formalizes the intuition of how public and private R&D affect TFP, and by using both traditional and more recent panel methods. Contrary to previous studies, it is found—using numbers of researchers in the public and private sector—that there is strong evidence both of a significant positive long-run effect of both public and private R&D on TFP and of a greater effect of public R&D than private R&D. Consistent with the mixed evidence reported in the literature, it is also found that the use of public and private R&D stocks yields mixed results regarding the long-run effects of public and private R&D on TFP.
Effects of groove-textured surfaces filled with Sn-Ag-Cu and MXene-Ti3C2 composite lubricants on tribological properties of CSS-42L bearing steel
Authors: Xue Yawen , Wu Chaohua , Shi Xiaoliang , Huang Qipeng , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo improve the tribological performance of CSS-42L bearing steel, smooth surfaces (SSs), groove-textured surfaces (GSs), GSs with Sn-Ag-Cu (GSs-SAC), and GSs with Sn-Ag-Cu-Ti3C2 (GSs-SACT) were prepared on CSS-42L. In addition, experimental studies were conducted on tribological properties. The obtained results indicated that GSs-SACT exhibited the best anti-friction and noise reduction performances. These remarkable tribological performances were attributed to the synergistic effects of grooves, Sn-Ag-Cu, and MXene-Ti3C2. The inconsistent rules of frictional forces were improved by the grooves and SACT, which inhibit the friction-induced noise. The micro-nano size-effects of MXene-Ti3C2 enhanced the repairing effect and anti-friction property of composite lubricants, which improved the profile characteristics of GSs-SACT.
The Regional Distribution of Psychiatric Residency Positions Funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs and Its Relationship to Rural Veteran Populations
Authors: Vincenti Matthew , Albanese Anthony , Bope Edward , Watts Bradley V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
The authors evaluated the distribution of psychiatry residency positions funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs between 2014 and 2020 with respect to geographic location and hospital patient population rurality.

Methods
The authors collected data on psychiatry residency positions from the Veterans Affairs’ Office of Academic Affiliations Support Center and data on hospital-level patient rurality from the Veterans Health Administration Support Service Center. They examined the chronological and geospatial relationships between the number of residency positions deployed and the size of the rural patient populations served.

Results
Between 2014 and 2020, the Department of Veterans Affairs has substantially increased the number of rural hospitals hosting psychiatry residency programs, as well as the number of residency positions at those hospitals. However, several geographic regions serve high numbers of rural veterans with few or no psychiatry resident positions.

Conclusions
While the VA efforts to increase psychiatry residency positions in rural areas have been partially successful, additional progress can be made increasing support for psychiatry trainees at Veterans Affairs hospitals and community-based outpatient clinics that serve large portions of the rural veteran population.
Emergence of Third-Order Conditional Discriminations from Learning Discriminations with Unrelated Stimuli
Authors: Pérez-González Luis Antonio , Martínez Héctor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study explored learning and generalization of a third-order conditional discrimination. Two 8-year-old children learned two auditory–visual conditional discriminations in which they selected visual Japanese syllabic symbols in response to syllables spoken by the experimenter. Then, they learned a third-order conditional discrimination in which they selected between two visual symbols after being exposed to two spoken syllables and one visual symbol. Thereafter, we probed generalization with novel symbols and names by teaching two additional conditional discriminations with Nahuatl symbols and spoken words and probing without reinforcement a new third-order conditional discrimination in which they had to select between two visual Nahuatl symbols after being exposed to two spoken Nahuatl words and one visual Nahuatl symbol. The two children responded in a predicted way to the novel third-order conditional discrimination. The emergent performance was possible because the set of relations established among the stimuli of the third-order conditional discrimination with Japanese syllables was analogous to the set of relations established among the stimuli of the third-order conditional discriminations with Nahuatl words. These results demonstrated a novel type of emergent responding in third-order conditional discrimination with arbitrary relations.
Survey Results and Recommendations from Japanese Stakeholders for Good Clinical Practice Renovation
Authors: Nakamura Kenichi , Ozawa Hitoshi , Shibata Taro , Ushirozawa Nobuko , Hata Tomomi , Okita Natsuko , Fuse Nozomu , Sato Norihiro , Ikeda Koji , Hanaoka Hideki , Maruyama Tatsuya , Wada Michihiko , Shimizu Shinobu , Kasai Hiroi , Yamamoto Yoichi , Sakurai Jun , Todaka Koji , Tashiro Shimon , Yamamoto Haruko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) is undertaking a major revision of ICH E6 Good Clinical Practice (GCP) decided to involve external stakeholders in ICH-GCP renovation. Activities such as surveys and public conferences have taken place in the United States, European Union, and Japan. For stakeholder engagement in Japan, a designated research group conducted a survey of academic stakeholders.

Methods
A total of 105 academic stakeholders from 18 institutions responded to the survey. The research group developed recommendations reflecting the survey results and the opinions from patients and the public.

Results
The survey showed the top four principles needing renovation were (i) informed consent (Chapter 2.9, 12.4% of respondents believed it needed renovation), (ii) systems for quality assurance (Chapter 2.13, 9.5%), (iii) information on an investigational product (Chapter 2.4, 5.7%), and (iv) procedures on clinical trial information (Chapter 2.10, 5.7%). The top three sections identified as needing renovation were: (i) informed consent (Chapter 4.8, 27.6%), (ii) monitoring (Chapter 5.18, 22.9%), and (iii) composition, functions, and operations of the ethics committee (Chapter 3.2, 14.3%). Recommendations included clarification of ICH-GCP’s scope, proportionality in various aspects of clinical trials, diversity and liquidity of ethics committee members, modernization of informed consent procedures, variations in monitoring, and regulatory grade when using real-world data.

Conclusion
The recommendations from Japanese investigators and patients have been submitted to the ICH E6 Expert Working Group, which will strengthen the robustness of the GCP renovation.
Price Determinants for Feeder Cattle in Tennessee
Authors: Martinez Charles C. , Boyer Christopher N. , Burdine Kenneth H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA hedonic model was employed to examine factors impacting feeder cattle prices at a monthly video auction in Tennessee. Home-raised cattle were estimated to have a $2 per cwt. premium and cattle that have been tested for PI-BVDV (persistent infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus) sold for a premium of $1.19 per cwt. We also show how price varies across sale months for steers and heifers, suggesting opportune times to market gender-specific lots. Corn price was interacted with an average weight per head of the lot to show that lighter cattle were negatively affected, while heavier cattle prices were positively affected by increasing corn prices.
Palm functional trait responses to local environmental factors in the Colombian Amazon
Authors: Trujillo William , Rivera-Rondón Carlos A. , Jácome Jorge , García Néstor , Eiserhardt Wolf L. , Balslev Henrik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFunctional traits play a key role in driving plant community effects on ecosystem function. We examined nine functional traits in various palm (Arecaceae) species and their relationships with moisture, tree-fall gaps, slope, and forest type at 29 transects (500×5 m) in the northeastern region of the Colombian Amazon. Redundancy analysis of mean trait values of species within a plot weighted by their abundance and Pearson correlations were used to evaluate the relationships between traits and environmental factors. The community trait composition was correlated with local environmental factors, which explained 23% of the trait variance. We detected functional dominance of the tallest palms in soils with high moisture and in floodplain forests (p ≤0.05). Palms with relatively long leaves were dominant in the flooded forests. Acaulescent and small palms were dominant on high slopes, and interra firmeforests, long-petioled palms were dominant in forest gaps. The number of seeds per fruit was not correlated with any environmental variable. Thus, hydrology is one of the main drivers of the functional composition of neotropical palm communities at the local scale, segregating tall palms with competitive and evasive strategies from small understory palms, which are mainly stress tolerant.
The Multi‐Scale Dynamics of Groundwater Depletion
Authors: Sahu Reetik Kumar , McLaughlin Dennis B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnsustainable depletion of aquifer storage and diversion of groundwater from downstream users continue to be serious problems, even though their adverse effects are widely recognized. Groundwater depletion involves interactions between economically motivated pumping decisions and physical constraints. Here, we investigate these interactions by using optimal control techniques to describe the pumping decisions of economic agents who share an aquifer. Our approach relies on a multi‐scale description of unconfined groundwater flow, applied to a computational experiment that illustrates some important impacts of aquifer development. We show that cooperative groundwater management can provide higher economic benefits, with less storage depletion, than an uncooperative alternative. However, demand for water still drives pumping decisions, even when users cooperate. In many aquifers the benefits of pumping are necessarily accompanied by a reduction in aquifer outflow and by depletion of the groundwater reserve, for both cooperative and uncooperative management. These benefits decrease significantly when pumping is limited by well yield constraints or when the diversion of aquifer outflow is restricted. Our overall analysis emphasizes the importance of viewing aquifer management as part of a larger resource allocation problem that considers the conflicting needs of well operators, downstream users, and future consumers of the resource.
Surface Transient Storage Under Low‐Flow Conditions in Streams With Rough Bathymetry
Authors: Wang Ping , Cirpka Olaf A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn natural and restored rivers, protruding river‐bed elements can cause complex flow patterns. We hypothesize that, particularly at very low flows, solute spreading in such streams is controlled by different mechanisms than at high flows, questioning existing parameterizations. We investigate two‐dimensional flow and transport in a synthetic channel with rough bathymetry under low‐flow conditions with a numerical model solving the full shallow‐water equations. Recirculation cells form behind protruding bed elements and trap water, macroscopically acting as transient‐storage domain. We fit the one‐dimensional mobile‐immobile transport model to the concentration breakthrough curves of the two‐dimensional model and relate the fitted parameters to easy‐to‐measure properties of the stream. The velocity in the mobile domain undergoes a power‐law relation with the discharge and the channel slope, differing from the relationship expected for normal flow in streams with large water depths. Both the fitted dispersion coefficient and the mass‐transfer coefficient between the mobile and immobile domains scale linearly with the velocity in the mobile domain. The ratio of immobile to mobile storage volumes β first increases then decreases with increasing discharge. We suggest measuring the surface area of bed elements protruding the water surface and that of the open water. The product of the corresponding area ratio with the velocity exerts a power‐law control on β. Altogether, we can relate the coefficients of the mobile‐immobile transport model to a few easy‐to‐measure properties of the stream. The findings of the present work contribute to the understanding of surface transient storage in natural and restored streams.