bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties and Water Stability of Wheat and Cassava flour Binders for Fish Feed Formulation
Authors: Onuoha P.C , Ugwumadu G , Chinonyerem D , Okpala-Ezennia K.P , Ogbuagu K.A 
Published: May 2021

The experiment assessed the binding effects and some physical properties of wheat and cassava flour binders used in fish feed formulation. Three diets were formulated using cassava, wheat and a combination of cassava and wheat flours in a ratio of 1:1 as binders. These diets were designated as Treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The physical properties evaluated were pellet-ability and dustiness. Water stability test included: weight gain, sinking time/rate, relative absorption rate and absorption efficiency rate. The results showed that all treatments produced high binding potential. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in pellet-ability amongst the treatments, with values of 99.86±0.25%, 99.62±0.19% and 98.76±0.59% for Treatments 3, 2 and 1 respectively. Dustiness showed a significant difference (p<0.05) amongst the treatments. Treatment 3 recorded a low value of 0.64% which was significantly difference (p<0.05) from Treatments 1 and 2 while Treatment 2 had the highest value of 1.00%. The water stability test showed that Treatment 3 had the best sinking time rate of 4.33±0.04sec and sinking time index of 0.23±0.00sec-1 which were significantly different (p<0.05) from the other treatments. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between Treatments 2 and 3 in water stability test, but they were both significantly different (p<0.05) from Treatment 1. Treatment 3 had the best water stability value of 92.04% and Treatment 1 the least with a value of 80.28%. The binders proved to be more effective when used in combination.
Keywords: Leaching, fish feed, fish farming, binders, eutrophication
C. Phyllacanthus antioxidant & protective activity in albino wister rats
Authors: Kolli Prachetha , Kancharla Sudhakar , Gopaiah Dr.K.Venkata 
Published: May 2021

In this present study I have selected a plant, which has shown good hepato protective as well as antioxidant properties. Undoubtedly , the plant kingdom still hold many species of plant containing substances of medicinal value, which have yet to be discovered ; large numbers of plants are constantly being screened for their possible pharmacological value particularly for their hepato protective properties. A large number of plants and formulations have been claimed to have hepato protective activity. Nearly 160 phyto constituents from 101 plants belonging to 55 families have been claimed to possess liver protecting activity. In India, more than 87 plants are used in 33 patented and proprietary multi-ingredient plant formulations.The ability of EECP to enhance the levels of antioxidants along with its anti lipid per oxidative activity suggests that this compound might be potentially useful in counteracting free-radical-mediated tissue damage caused by hepato toxicity. Studies on the antioxidative potency of various flavonoids have confirmed the importance of the distribution and quantity of the hydroxyl groups. In general, the antioxidative properties of polyphenols depend on hydroxylation of ring B. The present results corroborate the protective action of EECP in D- galactosamine intoxication of rats, particularly noticeable with the high dose used by us (400 mg/kg body weight). Supplementation with this flavonoid ameliorated the hepato protective and antioxidant activity in D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats.
Social and physical anhedonia in relation to grandiose and vulnerable narcissism
Authors: Linke-Jankowska Magdalena , Jankowski Konrad S. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundNarcissism has two different dimensions which differ in terms of social functioning. Grandiose narcissism is associated with higher extraversion, while vulnerable narcissism is associated with greater introversion. Both forms of narcissism present nu-merous forms of social maladjustment. Anhedonia (social and physical) is associated with measures of social maladjustment and is one of the core symptoms of serious mental conditions. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship be-tween social and physical anhedonia and the two forms of narcissism, grandiose and vulnerable.Participants and procedureA sample of 339 young adults completed the Polish version of the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and two subscales of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales – Short Form: the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale and the Physical Anhedonia Scale.ResultsWe found a positive correlation between social anhedonia and vulnerable narcissism, and a negative correlation between social anhedonia and grandiose narcissism. Physical anhedonia was not related to any form of narcissism. Older people and men scored higher on the social anhedonia scale.ConclusionsVulnerable narcissistic personality is associated with social deficits, namely social anhedonia. Future research could investigate the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and schizotypy to establish whether vulnerable personality is a risk factor for developing serious mental illnesses.
Strength and balance deficits affecting patient satisfaction with total knee replacements
Authors: Alan Valenzuela Kevin , Elizabeth Schroeder Lauren , Trueblood Weinhandl Joshua , Earl Cates Harold , Zhang Songning 
Published: May 2021

PurposePatient satisfaction with total knee replacement has been commonly assessed with self-reported surveys. Up to 19% of patients were dissatisfied with total knee replacement outcomes; however, very little is known about their objective physical abilities. Restoring knee strength is crucial for an increase in functional abilities. Improved balance is an essentialmeasure of total knee replacement success. However, it is unknown how dissatisfied patients differ from satisfied ones with respect to strength and balance abilities. The purpose of this study was to examine how knee flexor and extensor strength and balance abilities differed for dissatisfied total knee replacement patients compared with satisfied patients and healthy controls.MethodsThe study involved 9 dissatisfied and 15 satisfied total knee replacement patients and 15 healthy controls. Participants performed isokinetic knee flexion and extension tests at 60°/s and 180°/s using an isokinetic dynamometer. Bilateral and unilateral static and dynamic balance trials employed a Biodex Balance System. Stair ascent/descent tests and a chair rise test served to examine speed of activity.ResultsDissatisfied patients showed reduced peak extension (180°/s) and flexion (60°/s) torque compared with satisfied patients. No balance differences were evident, although an increased percentage of dissatisfied patients were unable to complete the static and dynamic unilateral balance tests. Stair ascent and descent times and pain levels were increased in the dissatisfied group.ConclusionsStrength increase may provide a more symmetrical movement pattern and better function. The inability to balance and longer functional test times indicate reduced functional ability and continuous pain.
Stress of COVID-19 and mental health outcomes
in Palestine: the mediating role of well‑being
and resilience
Authors: Veronese Guido , Mahamid Fayez , Bdier Dana , Pancake Rachel 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionWe tested the association between the stress of COVID-19 and mental distress manifested by anxiety, depression, and stress, and whether well-being and resilience mediate the relationship between the two variables in a population of Palestinian adults. Namely, we hypothesized that stress of COVID-19 will be positively associated with mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and stress); well-being and resilience will be negatively associated with mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and stress); and well-being and resilience will mediate the association between the stress of COVID-19 and mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and stress).Material and methodsDepression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, the Resilience Scale for Adults, the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, and the COVID-19 Stress Scales were administered to 860 participants via online survey. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to address the study hypothesis.ResultsParticipants recorded a mild level of stress of COVID-19 and high scores for resilience and well-being. A conceptual model depicting COVID‑19 stress as a predictor, mental distress as an outcome variable, and resilience and subjective well-being as mediators was confirmed.ConclusionsPalestinians are exposed to mental distress in an environment characterized by ongoing stressors. Conversely, the capability of Palestinians to conserve good levels of well-being and resilience protects them from mental distress even in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, COVID-19 can be considered a new critical event demanding and diminishing the people’s resiliency recourses in Palestine. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.
Fear of COVID-19 changes the motivation
for physical activity participation:
Polish-Chinese comparisons
Authors: Wilczyńska Dominika , Li Jianye , Yang Yin , Fan Hongying , Liu Taofeng , Lipowski Mariusz 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 has brought people many negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety about the epidemic. However, when peo-ple in different countries face the COVID-19 epidemic, the impact is also different due to different cultural and sports hab-its. Therefore, this study compares China and Poland’s sports motivations in the face of COVID-19 anxiety to find out the cultural differences behind them.Participants and procedureIn the study were N = 674 participants (female n = 407, male n = 260, other n = 4). Their average age was M = 29.86, SD = 11.03. There were n = 381 participants in the Chinese sample, and n = 293 in Polish. The scales used for the purpose of the study were the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS).ResultsThe study results showed that the increased level of COVID-19 anxiety changed selected motives for physical activity, and different changes of motives characterized women and men as well as people of different ages. As predicted in the study model, culture was the moderator of the shifts of the selected motives.ConclusionsThe understanding of what motivates individuals to participate in sport seems to have significant value, especially for health practitioners and researchers to design appropriate interventions and programs to increase activity.
Is there any relationship between autism and pineal gland volume?
Authors: F. Görgülü Feride , S. Koç Ayşe 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionAbnormalities in melatonin physiology and circadian rhythm are detected in patients with autism. Melatonin is produced predominantly in the pineal gland and the amount of melatonin released is proportional to the pineal gland volume. This study aimed to examine whether the pineal gland volume in children with autism is different from that in healthy children.Material and methodsBrain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 120 paediatric patients with autism and 82 control paediatric subjects were examined; pineal parenchymal volume (PPV), pineal cyst rate (PCR), and total pineal gland volume (TPGV) were measured using a multimodality viewer (MMV), but only the TPGVs were measured using a tumour tracking (TT) method. Measurements were taken by 2 separate radiologists.ResultsIn patients with autism, the PPV and TPGV according to MMV, and the TPGV according to TT were significantly lower, and the PCR was significantly higher. Moreover, the ratio of PPV to TPGV was significantly lower in the autism patient group. In both groups, the TPGVs were significantly lower in the autism patient group than the controls among all age groups.ConclusionsOur study was the first to examine TPGVs in detail in paediatric patients with autism using 2 different methods. Low PPV-TPGV and high PCR have been observed in autism. This study also provides comparable reference values for pineal gland size in healthy children or autistic children aged 2-17 years. These results show promising potential for further research to understand the relationship between autism pathogenesis and the pineal gland.
Do the quadriceps and hamstring muscles have an effect on patella stability in trochlear dysplasia?
Authors: Saad Ahmed , Iqbal Aamer , Ehiogu Uzo , James Steven , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionTrochlear dysplasia (TD) is a condition that is characterized by the presence of either a flat or convex trochlear, which impedes the stability of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). The PFJ function is dependent on many different structures that surround the knee joint. The aim of this study was to analyse all the muscle components around the PFJ and identify whether gross muscle imbalance could contribute to the stability of the patella in TD.Material and methodsThe average cross-sectional area (CSA) and cross-sectional area ratio (CSAR) of each muscle of the thigh region in subtypes of TD was evaluated and compared to normal knee joints. Ninety-eight patients (196 knees in total) were included in the study.ResultsOf the 196 knee joints that were reviewed, 10 cases were found to be normal. In total, 186 cases were positive for TD. The majority consisted of type C. The hamstring muscles showed variable results. The vastus medialis muscle was larger in comparison to the vastus lateralis muscle over all the different TD subtypes; however, no statistical significance was identified. There was a marked statistical significance between the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, especially when comparing this to the normal knees within our cohort.ConclusionsThis study revealed no significant difference in the effect of the thigh muscle CSA on the stability of the PFJ in TD. Further research is required to establish the roles of the different muscles around PFJ in the prevention of TD dislocation.
Metabolic bone changes after intradialytic resistive exercise in regular haemodialysis patients
Authors: Abdelnour Emad , Badr Nagwa , El-Khashab Sahier , Hamdy Elrefaey Basant 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionMineral bone disease is a crucial factor that contributes to mortality and morbidity in haemodialysis patients. Intradialytic resistance exercise training can be valuable in stimulating bone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic bone changes after intradialytic resistive exercise training in regular haemodialysis patients.MethodsThe study involved 60 patients on regular haemodialysis, aged 20–60 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups: a high parathyroid hormone group (parathyroid hormone over 800 pg/ml) and a low parathyroid hormone group (parathyroid hormone below 200 pg/ml), both groups randomly assigned into study and control groups. They received intradialytic resistive exercise 3 times per week for 3 months. Calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone were evaluated before and after the exercise period.ResultsThe training protocol proved to be effective in improving bone metabolism parameters, as there were statistically significant differences in the high parathyroid hormone exercise group. Parathyroid hormone and phosphorus decreased and calcium increased (<i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.012, and <i>p</i> = 0.025, respectively). In the low parathyroid hormone exercise group, phosphorus decreased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.030) and calcium increased, although not significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.111), while parathyroid hormone non-significantly increased in the exercise group (<i>p</i> = 0.770), with a significant increase in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.007). These results supported the positive effects of intradialytic resistive exercise in improving bone metabolism.ConclusionsIntradialytic resistive exercise training improves bone metabolism in haemodialysis patients.
Comparison of Functional Movement Screen scores of soccer players and rowers
Authors: Arslan Serdar , Dinç Engin , Yapalı Gökmen , Caner Aksoy Cihan 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionFunctional Movement Screen (FMS) is an assessment tool used to determine skeletal asymmetry and dysfunction, especially in sports. The aim of this study was to compare the FMS scores of professional soccer players and rowers.MethodsA total of 40 male athletes (23 soccer players and 17 rowers) were included. All participants were assessed with FMS. The demographic characteristics, percentages of asymmetry and dysfunctions, as well as total FMS scores of soccer players and rowers were compared.ResultsThe mean age was 21.09 ± 2.13 years for the soccer players and 21.12 ± 2.80 years for the rowers. The total FMS score of the rowers was statistically significantly higher than that of the soccer players (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, scores for the motor control, mobility, and reflex stability subcategories of FMS were found to be statistically significantly higher in rowers (<i>p</i> < 0.05).ConclusionsIt is possible to say that rowing athletes have better mobility, reflex stability, and motor control than soccer players. This points out that the movement quality of rowers is higher than that of soccer players.
AEROCOM and AEROSAT AAOD and SSA study – Part 1: Evaluation and intercomparison of satellite measurements
Authors: Schutgens Nick , Dubovik Oleg , Hasekamp Otto , Torres Omar , Jethva Hiren , Leonard Peter J. T. , Litvinov Pavel , Redemann Jens , Shinozuka Yohei , de Leeuw Gerrit , Kinne Stefan , Popp Thomas , Schulz Michael , Stier Philip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Global measurements of absorbing aerosol optical depth (AAOD) are scarce and mostly provided by the ground network AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork). In recent years, several satellite products of AAOD have been developed. This study's primary aim is to establish the usefulness of these datasets for AEROCOM (Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models) model evaluation with a focus on the years 2006, 2008 and 2010. The satellite products are super-observations consisting of 1∘×1∘×30 min aggregated retrievals. This study consists of two papers, the current one that deals with the assessment of satellite observations and a second paper (Schutgens et al., 2021) that deals with the evaluation of models using those satellite data. In particular, the current paper details an evaluation with AERONET observations from the sparse AERONET network as well as a global intercomparison of satellite datasets, with a focus on how minimum AOD (aerosol optical depth) thresholds and temporal averaging may improve agreement between satellite observations. All satellite datasets are shown to have reasonable skill for AAOD (three out of four datasets show correlations with AERONET in excess of 0.6) but less skill for SSA (single-scattering albedo; only one out of four datasets shows correlations with AERONET in excess of 0.6). In comparison, satellite AOD shows correlations from 0.72 to 0.88 against the same AERONET dataset. However, we show that performance vs. AERONET and inter-satellite agreements for SSA improve significantly at higher AOD. Temporal averaging also improves agreements between satellite datasets. Nevertheless multi-annual averages still show systematic differences, even at high AOD. In particular, we show that two POLDER (Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances) products appear to have a systematic SSA difference over land of ∼0.04, independent of AOD. Identifying the cause of this bias offers the possibility of substantially improving current datasets. We also provide evidence that suggests that evaluation with AERONET observations leads to an underestimate of true biases in satellite SSA. In the second part of this study we show that, notwithstanding these biases in satellite AAOD and SSA, the datasets allow meaningful evaluation of AEROCOM models.
Laboratory study of the collection efficiency of submicron aerosol particles by cloud droplets – Part II: Influence of electric charges
Authors: Dépée Alexis , Lemaitre Pascal , Gelain Thomas , Monier Marie , Flossmann Andrea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A new In-Cloud Aerosol Scavenging Experiment (In-CASE) has been developed to
measure the collection efficiency (CE) of submicron aerosol particles by
cloud droplets. Droplets fall at their terminal velocity through a
1 m high chamber in a laminar flow containing aerosol particles. At
the bottom of the In-CASE chamber, the droplet train is separated from the
aerosol particles flow, and the droplets are collected in an impaction cup,
whereas aerosol particles are deposited on a high-efficiency
particulate air (HEPA) filter. The collected droplets and the filter are then analysed
by fluorescence spectrometry since the aerosol particles are atomised from a
sodium fluorescein salt solution (C20H10Na2O5). In-CASE
fully controls all the parameters which affect the CE – the droplets and
aerosol particles size distributions are monodispersed, the electric charges
of droplets and aerosol particles are known and set, and the relative
humidity is indirectly controlled via the chamber's temperature. This paper
details the In-CASE setup and the dataset of 70 measurements obtained to
study the impact of the electric charges on CE. For this purpose, droplets
and particles charges are controlled through two charging systems developed
in this work – both chargers are detailed below. The droplet charge varies
from -3.0×104±1.4×103 to +9.6×104±4.3×103 elementary charges, while the particle charge ranges from zero
to -90±9 elementary charges depending on the particle radius. A
droplet radius of 48.5±1.1 µm has been considered for four
particle dry radii between 100 and 250 nm while the relative humidity level
during experiments is 95.1±0.2 %. The measurements are then
compared to theoretical models from literature – showing good agreement.
WRF4PALM v1.0: a mesoscale dynamical driver for the microscale PALM model system 6.0
Authors: Lin Dongqi , Khan Basit , Katurji Marwan , Bird Leroy , Faria Ricardo , Revell Laura E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A set of Python-based tools, WRF4PALM, has been developed for offline nesting of the PALM model system 6.0 into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modelling system. Time-dependent boundary conditions of the atmosphere are critical for accurate representation of microscale meteorological dynamics in high-resolution real-data simulations. WRF4PALM generates initial and boundary conditions from WRF outputs to provide time-varying meteorological forcing for PALM. The WRF model has been used across the atmospheric science community for a broad range of multidisciplinary applications. The PALM model system 6.0 is a turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulation model with an additional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) mode for atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer studies at microscale (Maronga et al., 2020). Currently PALM has the capability to ingest output from the regional scale Consortium for Small-scale Modelling (COSMO) atmospheric prediction model. However, COSMO is not an open source model and requires a licence agreement for operational use or academic research (http://www.cosmo-model.org/, last access: 23 April 2021).
This paper describes and validates the new free and open-source WRF4PALM tools (available at https://github.com/dongqi-DQ/WRF4PALM, last access: 23 April 2021). Two case studies using WRF4PALM are presented for Christchurch, New Zealand, which demonstrate successful PALM simulations driven by meteorological forcing from WRF outputs. The WRF4PALM tools presented here can potentially be used for micro- and mesoscale studies worldwide, for example in boundary layer studies, air pollution dispersion modelling, wildfire emissions and spread, urban weather forecasting, and agricultural meteorology.