bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling brain connectivity dynamics in functional magnetic resonance imaging via particle filtering
Authors: Ambrosi Pierfrancesco , Costagli Mauro , Kuruoğlu Ercan E. , Biagi Laura , Buonincontri Guido , Tosetti Michela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInterest in the studying of functional connections in the brain has grown considerably in the last decades, as many studies have pointed out that alterations in the interaction among brain areas can play a role as markers of neurological diseases. Most studies in this field treat the brain network as a system of connections stationary in time, but dynamic features of brain connectivity can provide useful information, both on physiology and pathological conditions of the brain. In this paper, we propose the application of a computational methodology, named Particle Filter (PF), to study non-stationarities in brain connectivity in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The PF algorithm estimates time-varying hidden parameters of a first-order linear time-varying Vector Autoregressive model (VAR) through a Sequential Monte Carlo strategy. On simulated time series, the PF approach effectively detected and enabled to follow time-varying hidden parameters and it captured causal relationships among signals. The method was also applied to real fMRI data, acquired in presence of periodic tactile or visual stimulations, in different sessions. On these data, the PF estimates were consistent with current knowledge on brain functioning. Most importantly, the approach enabled to detect statistically significant modulations in the cause-effect relationship between brain areas, which correlated with the underlying visual stimulation pattern presented during the acquisition.
A case of burn evisceration with full-thickness injury to abdominal wall, bowel, bladder, and three extremities
Authors: Shahmanyan Davit , Joy Matthew T. , Collier Bryan R. , Faulks Emily R. , Hamill Mark E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Severe electrical burns are a rare cause of admission to major burn centers. Incidence of electrical injury causing full-thickness injury to viscera is an increasingly scarce, but severe presentation requiring rapid intervention. We report one of few cases of a patient with full-thickness electrical injury to the abdominal wall, bowel, and bladder.

Case report
The patient, a 22-year-old male, was transferred to our institution from his local hospital after sustaining a suspected electrical burn. On arrival the patient was noted to have severe burn injuries to the lower abdominal wall with evisceration of multiple loops of burned small bowel as well as burns to the groin, left upper, and bilateral lower extremities. In the trauma bay, primary and secondary surveys were completed, and the patient was taken for CT imaging and then emergently to the operating room. On exploration, the patient had massive full-thickness burns to the lower abdominal wall, five full-thickness burns to small bowel, and intraperitoneal bladder rupture secondary to full-thickness burn. The patient underwent damage-control laparotomy including enterectomies, debridement of bladder coagulative necrosis, and layered closure of bladder injury followed by temporary abdominal closure with vacuum dressing. The patient also underwent right leg escharotomy and partial right foot fasciotomies. The patient was subsequently transferred to the nearest burn center for continued resuscitation and comprehensive burn care.

Conclusion
Severe electrical burns can be associated with devastating visceral injuries in rare cases. Though uncommon, these injuries are associated with very high mortality rates. The authors assert that rapid evaluation and initial stabilization following ATLS guidelines, damage-control laparotomy, and goal-directed resuscitation in concert with transfer to a major burn center are essential in effecting a successful outcome in these challenging cases.
Acoustic velocity and permeability of acidized and propped fractures in shale
Authors: Ding Jihui , Clark Anthony C. , Vanorio Tiziana , Jew Adam D. , Bargar John R. 
Published: September 2021

From geochemical reactions to proppant emplacement, hydraulic fracturing induces various chemomechanical fracture alterations in shale reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing through the injection of a vast amount and variety of fluids and proppants has substantial impacts on fluid flow and hydrocarbon production. There is a strong need to improve our understanding on how fracture alterations affect flow pathways within the stimulated rock volume and develop monitoring tools. We have conducted time-lapse rock-physics experiments on clay-rich (carbonate-poor) Marcellus shales to characterize the acoustic velocity and permeability responses to fracture acidizing and propping. Acoustic P- and S-wave velocities and fracture permeability were measured before and after laboratory-induced fracture alterations along with microstructural imaging through X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Our experiments indicate that the S-wave velocity is an important geophysical observable, particularly the S-wave polarized perpendicular to fractures because it is sensitive to fracture stiffness. The acidizing and propping of a fracture decrease its elastic stiffness. This effect is stronger for acidizing, so it is possible that proppant monitoring will be masked by chemical alteration except when propping is highly efficient (i.e., most fractures are propped). However, fracture permeability is undermined by the softening of fracture surfaces due to acidizing, while being greatly enhanced by propping. These contrasting effects on fluid flow in combination with similar seismic attributes indicate the importance of experiments to improve existing rock-physics models, which must include changes to the rock frame. Such improvements are necessary for a correct interpretation of seismic velocity monitoring of flow pathways in stimulated shales.
Active rheology in odd-viscosity systems
Authors: Reichhardt C. J. O. , Reichhardt C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Odd viscosity arises in systems with time reversal symmetry breaking, which creates non-dissipative effects. One method to probe changes in viscosity is to examine the dynamics of a single probe particle driven though a medium, a technique known as active rheology. We show that active rheology in a system with odd viscosity and no quenched disorder reveals a variety of novel effects, including a speed up of the probe particle with increasing system density when the background medium creates a velocity boost of the driven particle due to the Magnus effect. In contrast, the probe particle velocity in the dissipation-dominated limit monotonically decreases with increasing system density. We also show that the odd viscosity imparts a Hall angle to the probe particle, and that both the Hall angle and the velocity boost depend strongly on the drive. These results should be general to other systems with odd viscosity, including skyrmions in chiral magnets.
Myogenic contraction of a somatic muscle powers rhythmic flow of hemolymph throughDrosophilaantennae and generates brain pulsations
Authors: Kay Alan R. , Eberl Daniel F. , Wang Jing W. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTHemolymph is driven through the antennae of Drosophila melanogaster by the rhythmic contraction of muscle 16 (m16), which runs through the brain. Contraction of m16 results in the expansion of an elastic ampulla, opening ostia and filling the ampulla. Relaxation of the ampullary membrane forces hemolymph through vessels into the antennae. We show that m16 is an auto-active rhythmic somatic muscle. The activity of m16 leads to the rapid perfusion of the antenna by hemolymph. In addition, it leads to the rhythmic agitation of the brain, which could be important for clearing the interstitial space.
True UV color vision in a female butterfly with two UV opsins
Authors: Finkbeiner Susan D. , Briscoe Adriana D. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
In true color vision, animals discriminate between light wavelengths, regardless of intensity, using at least two photoreceptors with different spectral sensitivity peaks. Heliconius butterflies have duplicate UV opsin genes, which encode ultraviolet and violet photoreceptors, respectively. In Heliconius erato, only females express the ultraviolet photoreceptor, suggesting females (but not males) can discriminate between UV wavelengths. We tested the ability of H. erato, and two species lacking the violet receptor, Heliconius melpomene and Eueides isabella, to discriminate between 380 and 390 nm, and between 400 and 436 nm, after being trained to associate each stimulus with a sugar reward. We found that only H. erato females have color vision in the UV range. Across species, both sexes show color vision in the blue range. Models of H. erato color vision suggest that females have an advantage over males in discriminating the inner UV-yellow corollas of Psiguria flowers from their outer orange petals. Moreover, previous models ( McCulloch et al., 2017) suggested that H. erato males have an advantage over females in discriminating Heliconius 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-OHK) yellow wing coloration from non-3-OHK yellow wing coloration found in other heliconiines. These results provide some of the first behavioral evidence for female H. erato UV color discrimination in the context of foraging, lending support to the hypothesis ( Briscoe et al., 2010) that the duplicated UV opsin genes function together in UV color vision. Taken together, the sexually dimorphic visual system of H. erato appears to have been shaped by both sexual selection and sex-specific natural selection.
Synthesis of Oxygen Functional Group-Controlled Monolayer Graphene Oxide
Authors: Tsugawa Tatsuki , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Matsuda Junko , Koinuma Michio , Ida Shintaro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) contains various types of oxygen functional groups (e.g., C–OH, C–O–C, C=O, and O=C–OH groups), which provide superior functions such as proton conductivity, catalytic activity, and selective absorption. In contrast, the complex structure of GO complicates control over its function; therefore, GO with a simple and/or uniform structure is desired. In this study, we demonstrated that monolayer GO, in which surface oxygen functional groups are controlled as epoxy groups, was successfully prepared by exfoliating graphite oxide prepared using Brodie’s method. The monolayer ratio of GO reached 99.2%, and the nanosheets were stable in water for 1 month. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption analyses indicated that most oxygen functional groups on GO were epoxy groups. Further, it was determined that GO had structural regularity over a wide range and small amounts of lattice defects despite being oxidized. This means that the developed GO can potentially advance considerably GO studies by replacing previous GO.
Experimental and Computational Studies on the Interaction between DNA and BSA with a Couple of Isomeric [Pd(daf)(Leu)]+, and [Pd(daf)(Ile)]+ Antitumor Complexes, Their Synthesis and Spectral Characterization
Authors: Heidari Ameneh , Mansouri-Torshizi Hassan , Saeidifar Maryam , Abdi Khatereh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A pair of isomeric and unreported complexes, [Pd(daf)(Leu)]Cl (I) and [Pd(daf)(Ile)]Cl (II) (daf, Leu and Ile are dafone, leucine and isoleucine respectively) have been prepared and characterized. They showed in-vitro cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HCT-116 cancer cells much higher than a well known anticancer drug i.e. carboplatin. In-detail interaction of these agents with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been investigated by fluorescence, electronic absorption, circular dichroism, and gel electrophoresis techniques. Docking analysis of both metal complexes with DNA and BSA was applied as a supplementary route for the prediction of binding sites and orientation during the interaction processes. Results obtained from all above approaches agreed with good interaction of the metal complexes with DNA grooves and BSA via H-binding and van der Waals forces. In the fluorescence quenching studies of BSA emission, peculiar and unpublished processes to date were observed. Leucine complex initially quenches statically at lower concentration and in combination of static and dynamic at higher, while isoleucine complex affects the fluorescence emission of BSA at its three different concentration ranges: static and combined at lower-, de-quenching at moderate- and again static quenching at higher-concentration ranges.
Study protocol for the SeMaCo study: A longitudinal regional cohort study to assess COVID-19 seroprevalence in blood donors
Authors: Pohl Robert , Krämer Stephan-Werner , Stallmann Christoph , Swart Enno , Marquardt Pauline , Kaasch Achim-Jens , Apfelbacher Christian-Joachim , Heuft Hans-Gert 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Serologic studies are crucial for clarifying the regional dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic as well as the success of a vaccination campaign against COVID-19. We describe a cohort study investigating the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). Protocol and study design: The SeMaCo study (Serologische Untersuchungen bei Blutspendern des Großraums Magdeburg auf Antikörper gegen SARS-CoV-2) is a longitudinal, regional cohort study to assess the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors from Magdeburg (Capital of Saxony-Anhalt) and surrounding areas. We consider blood donors as a surrogate for the healthy, working-age population of Saxony-Anhalt. The study primarily aims to measure the prevalence and kinetics of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in first time and repeat blood donors over a period of 21 months. The study explores four survey periods of three to four months each (January–April 21, July–October 21, February–April 22, July–October 22). At each visit, we will assess the attitude towards vaccination, the antibody response following vaccination, as well as undesired vaccination effects. Furthermore, we will collect data on occupational activities, housing conditions and the frequency of family and other social contacts. Discussion: The SeMaCo study extends the spectrum of seroepidemiological investigations in Germany. A longitudinal observation with repeated testing and serial interviews can provide a more accurate view on the dynamics of COVID-19 prevalence and spread than repeated cross-sectional studies. Based on interim results from similar studies, we expect a seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies below 5% in the first survey period. SeMaCo will influence policy decisions and preventative measures.
Compositional and functional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia: A systematic review
Authors: Murray Nuala , Al Khalaf Sukainah , Kaulmann David , Lonergan Edgar , Cryan John F , Clarke Gerard , Khashan Ali , O’Connor Karen 
Published: September 2021

Background: Gut and oral microbiota are intrinsically linked to human health. Recent studies suggest a direct link with mental health through bidirectional gut–brain pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and/or function of intestinal microbiome differs in those with psychosis and schizophrenia as compared with controls. There is relatively little research on the predicted or actual functional alterations associated with the composition of oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify, evaluate and if possible, combine the published literature on compositional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. We also aim to explore the potential functional impact of any compositional changes. Methods: Original studies involving humans and animals using a case-control, cohort or cross-sectional design will be included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane will be systematically searched. Quantitative analyses will be performed using random-effects meta-analyses to calculate mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Discussion: Changes in microbiota composition in psychosis and schizophrenia have been correlated with alternations in brain structure and function, altered immunity, altered metabolic pathways and symptom severity. Changes have also been identified as potential biomarkers for psychosis that might aid in diagnosis. Understanding how predicted or actual functional alterations in microbial genes or metabolic pathways influence symptomatic expression and downstream clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis. Registration: The study is prospectively registered in PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021260208).
ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА: АНАЛИЗ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ
Authors: Stelmashonok Elena V. , Stelmashonok Vitaliy L. 
Published: September 2021

Состояние вопроса. Цифровые технологии приводят к глубокому изменению моделей функционирования экономических агентов, в том числе и в агропромышленном комплексе (АПК). Однако, в отличие от других отраслей экономики, для АПК пока не было предложено комплексной картины тех последствий, к которым приведет его цифровая трансформация. Существующие публикации посвящены отдельным технологиям и исследуют цифровую трансформацию АПК на уровне отдельных компаний. Отсутствие такой картины препятствует принятию взвешенных решений о целесообразности проведения цифровой трансформации и выбора ее направлений.
Материалы и методы исследования. В статье использовался метод анализа и синтеза, а также метод анализа источников. Для отбора источников для анализа был осуществлен поиск по ключевым словам в Национальной электронной библиотеке elibrary.ru.
Результаты. В предлагаемой статье показано, что цифровая трансформация АПК приведет к:
- изменению отраслевой структуры АПК из-за исчезновения традиционных отраслей и возникновения новых;
- изменению участия АПК в национальной и мировой экономике;
- внедрению новых организационных моделей функционирования предприятий АПК (платформ и экосистем);
- исчезновению остатков традиционного сельского уклада и изменению городского уклада.
Заключение. Нами обоснованы следующие основные положения:
- цифровая трансформация ведет не только к технологическим, но и к организационным преобразованиям в АПК;
- результатом цифровой трансформации станет глубокое изменение модели организации АПК и его роли в национальной экономике;
- государству необходимы принимать меры по поддержке цифровой трансформации АПК и по адаптации АПК к новому цифровому укладу.
Alzheimer's disease: classification and diagnosis criteria
Authors: Swakowska Katarzyna , Staniszewska Anna 
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the intensity of population aging has increased and the incidence of senile diseases, including dementia, has significantly increased. With the aging of populations in Europe, knowledge about the detection and diagnosis of dementia has increased in the last decade. Due to the increase in the number of patients, new therapies and precise diagnostic criteria have been introduced, contributing to faster diagnosis of the disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the biggest cause of dementia in old age. It is characterized by progressive cognitive deficits, especially memory, and disorders such as: apathy, agitation and psychotic symptoms. Alzhaimer's disease is a degenerative brain disease caused by the deposition of pathological B-amyloid protein tau and alpha-synuclein in the brain, causing atrophy of neurons and their connections. The basis for diagnosis of dementia in the course of Alzheimer's disease are ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria. The clinical course and symptoms in the course of AD are defined by the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), the scale also determines the stage of the disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs and memantine are used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment significantly delays the progression of the disease and helps to prolong normal functioning of the patient.
Does the age difference between the doctor and the patient matter - communication between the doctor and the young patient
Authors: Wróblewski Hubert , Zimna Aleksandra 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose of work: The contact between doctor and patient is an element that builds mutual trust, which translates into the quality and effectiveness of treatment. This is especially important for adolescent patients, who expect attention and understanding of their problems. In addition, they start visiting the doctor themselves, so it is very important that they do not become discouraged by the lack of understanding of the doctors and that they do not avoid visits in the future. Currently, the average age of a doctor in Poland is over 50 years. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of a doctor's age on his contact with a teenage patient.Material and method: The results of the study were obtained on the basis of the questionnaire survey.Results: 54 respondents aged 16-19 participated in the study. The vast majority (64.8%) consider a person under 30 years of age to be a young doctor, 29.6% under 40 years of age. Almost 67% declare that it is more likely to visit a young doctor. 87% of respondents find it easier to establish contact with a younger medic. For 68.5% of respondents, a visit to a senior doctor is more embarrassing. 88.9% of teenagers find it easier to admit embarrassing matters to younger medics. 66.7% declare that for them being more practiced is more important than easier contact with doctor. Two out of three teenagers are more stressed about visiting older doctor.Conclusions: Teen patients definitely prefer visits to younger doctors. Despite the greater stress and resistance to visiting older, more experienced doctors, young patients choose them. Training for senior physicians on contact with young people should be considered to reduce the proportion of people avoiding medical appointments due to difficulties in making contact in the future.
The role of adipocytokines and endothelial dysfunction with irritable bowel syndrome associated with obesity
Authors: Bilooka Yu. , Fediv O. , Stupnytska H. , Bilookyi V. , Bilookyi O. , Rohovyi Y. 
Published: September 2021

The article contains the analysis of results concerning investigation of adipocytokines content and endothelial dysfunction in 97 patients with irritable bowel syndrome associated with obesity. The blood serum was examined for the content of adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin), stable nitrogen monoxide metabolites (nitrites/nitrates), endothelin-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and the number of circulating endothelial cells (CEC). Patients with IBS associated with obesity and prevailing diarrhea are found to develop a prominent imbalance of adipocytokines which is manifested in high levels of leptin and resisin and low level of adiponectin in the blood serum. Endothelial dysfunction evidenced by a high level of endothelin-1, the number of circulating endothelial cells, general NO and intercellular adhesion molecules 1, is characteristic for patients with IBS associated with obesity and prevailing diarrhea.