bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infants’ attention to eyes is an independent, heritable trait predicting later verbal competence
Authors: Viktorsson Charlotte , Portugal Ana Maria , Li Danyang , Rudling Maja , Sanchez Monica Siqueiros , Tammimies Kristiina , Taylor Mark J. , Ronald Angelica , Falck-Ytter Terje 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrom birth, infants orient preferentially to faces, and when looking at the face, they attend primarily to eyes and mouth – two areas that convey different types of information. Here, in a sample of 535 5-month-old infant twins, we assessed eye (relative to mouth) preference in early infancy. Eye preference was independent from all other concurrent traits measured, and had a moderate-to-high contribution from genetic influences (A = .57; 95% CI: .45, .66). Preference for eyes over mouth at 5 months predicted higher parent ratings of verbal competence in toddlerhood, but did not predict autistic traits. These results suggest that variation in eye looking reflects a type of biological niche picking emerging before infants can select their environments by other means (crawling or walking).
Cytidine deaminase protects pancreatic cancer cells from replicative stress and drives resistance to DNA-targeting drugs
Authors: Lumeau A. , Bery N. , Francès A. , Gayral M. , Ribeyre C. , Lopez C. , Névot A. , Elkaoutari S. , Labrousse G. , Madrid-Mencia M. , Pillaire M. , Pancaldi V. , Bergoglio V. , Dusetti N. , Hoffmann J. , Buscail L. , Lutzmann M. , Cordelier P. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTChronic DNA replication stress and genome instability are two hallmarks of cancer that fuel oncogenesis and tumor diversity. Therapeutic approaches aimed to leverage tumor-specific replication stress to intolerable levels or to expose vulnerabilities for synthetic lethality purposes have recently gained momentum, especially for pancreatic cancer, a disease with no cure. However, the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the replication stress response in pancreatic tumors is limited. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway for DNA and RNA synthesis. Loss of CDA induces genomic instability in Bloom Syndrome, and CDA protects tumor cells from chemotherapy with pyrimidine analogs. Here, we show that CDA is overexpressed in genetically unstable pancreatic tumors, associates with a DNA replication signature, and is instrumental for experimental tumor growth. In cancer cells, CDA promotes DNA replication, increases replication fork speed, and controls replication stress and genomic stability levels. CDA expression is predictive of DNA-damaging drug efficacy and targeting CDA relieves resistance to chemotherapy in patients models, both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings shed new light on the mechanisms by which pancreatic cancer cells control replication stress, and highlight targeting of CDA as a potential therapeutic strategy to defeat tumor resistance to treatment.
Stemness activity underlying whole brain regeneration in a basal chordate
Authors: Gordon Tal , Zaquin Tal , Kowarsky Mark Alec , Voskoboynik Yotam , Hendin Noam , Wurtzel Omri , Caicci Federico , Manni Lucia , Voskoboynik Ayelet , Shenkar Noa 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCentral nervous system (CNS) regeneration extent is highly diverse across the metazoans, with adult mammals demonstrating limited ability1,2. Understanding how neurons regenerate following injury remains a central challenge in regenerative medicine. Although conserved pathways associated with neural regeneration have been identified3,4, a study describing the stepwise morphogenetic changes that take place throughout a complete CNS regeneration is lacking. Utilizing the highly regenerative tunicate model Polycarpa mytiligera5, we characterized the morphological, cell proliferation, and transcriptomic dynamics that lead to entire CNS regeneration. The regenerated CNS of adult P. mytiligera expressed key neurodevelopmental markers that are not otherwise present in the adult CNS. Removal of the entire CNS resulted in high cell proliferation in the regenerated area. Transcriptome analysis revealed enhanced stem-cell related gene activity, with high expression of P53 and piRNA pathways preceding the activation of Notch, Wnt, and Nanos pathways. The CNS regeneration atlas created here depicts the transcriptomic landscape of the entire CNS regeneration process, revealing the core pathways that regulate neuronal response to injury, and the regeneration stage at which they are most pronounced. The molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling regenerative capacity that this atlas reveals could be used to develop approaches to enhancing neurogenesis in closely-related chordate species, including humans.
Density-dependent selection in Drosophila: evolution of egg size and hatching time
Authors: Venkitachalam Srikant , Das Srijan , Deep Auroni , Joshi Amitabh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany different laboratory studies of adaptation to larval crowding in Drosophila spp. have all yielded the evolution of pre-adult competitive ability, even though the ecological context in which crowding was experienced varied across studies. However, the evolution of competitive ability was achieved through different suites of traits in studies wherein crowding was imposed in slightly different ways. Earlier studies showed the evolution of increased competitive ability via increased larval feeding rate and tolerance to nitrogenous waste, at the cost of food to biomass conversion efficiency. However, more recent studies, with crowding imposed at relatively low food levels, showed the evolution of competitive ability via decreased larval development time and body size, and an increase in the time efficiency of conversion of food to biomass, with no change in larval feeding rate or waste tolerance. Taken together, these studies have led to a more nuanced understanding of how the specific details of larval numbers, food amounts etc. can affect which traits evolve to confer increased competitive ability. Here, we report results from a study in which egg size and hatching time were assayed on three sets of populations adapted to larval crowding experienced in slightly different ways, as well as their low density ancestral control populations. Egg size and hatching time are traits that may provide larvae with initial advantages under crowding through increased starting larval size and a temporal head-start, respectively. In each set of populations adapted to some form of larval crowding, the evolution of longer and wider eggs was seen, compared to controls, thus making egg size the first consistent correlate of the evolution of increased larval competitive ability across Drosophila populations experiencing crowding in slightly different ways. Among the crowding-adapted populations, those crowded at the lowest overall eggs/food density, but the highest density of larvae in the feeding band, showed the largest eggs, on an average. All three sets of crowding-adapted populations showed shorter average egg hatching time than controls, but the difference was significant only in the case of populations experiencing the highest feeding band density. Our results underscore the importance of considering factors other than just eggs/food density when studying the evolution of competitive ability, as also the advantages of having multiple selection regimes within one experimental set up, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of the subtlety with which adaptive evolutionary trajectories can vary across even fairly similar selection regimes.
Integrative multi-omics analyses reveal multi-modal FOXG1 functions acting on epigenetic processes and in concert with NEUROD1 to regulate synaptogenesis in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Akol Ipek , Heidrich Stefanie , ÓhAilín Darren , Hacker Christine , Villarreal Alejandro , Rauleac Tudor , Bella Chiara , Fischer Andre , Manke Thomas , Vogel Tanja 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFOXG1 has important functions for neuronal differentiation and balances excitatory/inhibitory network activity. Mutations in the humanFOXG1gene cause a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, FOXG1-syndrome, which manifests differing phenotypes, including severe cognitive dysfunction, microencephaly, social withdrawal, and communication and memory deficits. Changes at the molecular level underlying these functional abnormalities uponFOXG1haploinsufficiency are largely unexplored, in human patients as well as in animals modelling the debilitating disease.MethodsWe present multi-omics data and explore comprehensively how FOXG1 impacts neuronal maturation at the chromatin level in the adult mouse hippocampus. We used RNA-, ATAC- and ChIP-sequencing of primary hippocampal neurons and co-immunoprecipitation to explore various levels of epigenetic changes and transcription factor networks acting to alter neuronal differentiation upon reduction of FOXG1.ResultsWe provide the first comprehensive multi-omics data set exploring FOXG1 presence at the chromatin and identifying the consequences of reduced FOXG1 expression in primary hippocampal neurons. Analyzing the multi-omics data, our study reveals that FOXG1 uses various different ways to regulate transcription at the chromatin level. On a genome-wide level, FOXG1 (i) both represses and activates transcription, (ii) binds mainly to enhancer regions, and (iii) bidirectionally alters the epigenetic landscape in regard to levels of H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and chromatin accessibility. Genes affected by the chromatin alterations upon FOXG1 reduction impact synaptogenesis and axonogenesis. This finding emphasizes the importance of FOXG1 to integrate and coordinate transcription of genes necessary for proper neuronal function by acting on a genome-wide level. Interestingly, FOXG1 acts through histone deacetylases (HDACs) and inhibition of HDACs partly rescued transcriptional alterations observed upon FOXG1 reduction. On a more detailed level of analysis, we show that FOXG1 (iv) operates synergistically with NEUROD1. Interestingly, we could not detect a clear hierarchy of these two key transcription factors, but instead provide first evidence that they act in highly concerted and orchestrated manner to control neuronal differentiation.ConclusionsThis integrative and multi-omics view of changes upon FOXG1 reduction reveals an unprecedented multimodality of FOXG1 functions converging on neuronal maturation, fueling novel therapeutic options based on epigenetic drugs to alleviate, at least in part, neuronal dysfunctions.
Tourists’ information literacy self-efficacy: its role in their adaptation to the “new normal” in the hotel context
Authors: Peco-Torres Francisco , Polo-Peña Ana I. , Frías-Jamilena Dolores M. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study aims to determine whether the consumer’s information literacy self-efficacy plays a role in their intention to resume their consumption of tourist services – specifically, hotel accommodation – in the context of the “new normal” brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative empirical study is performed on hotel accommodation consumers and a structural equation modeling analysis is used to verify the proposed relationships.FindingsThe findings reveal that the tourist’s information literacy self-efficacy – their ability to find the information they need, use it efficiently and discount fake news – positively influences their perception of hotel safety; and perceived hotel safety increases tourist intention to return to consuming hotel services.Practical implicationsThe results show how the consumer’s intention to return to using hotel services can be enhanced because of their management of information, especially in a crisis context. Hotel firms must position the provision of safety information at the heart of their marketing and communications strategies, and adapt this information to the different processing capabilities of consumers.Social implicationsThis study provides valuable insights into the hotel industry – a major contributor to gross domestic product and employment worldwide that is being particularly hard-hit by the COVID-19 crisis.Originality/valueThis study represents an advance in the literature as it demonstrates – as a novelty – the vital role of consumer information literacy self-efficacy in encouraging people to begin visiting hotels again in the “new normal.”
Corporate characteristics, audit quality and managerial entrenchment during the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from an emerging country
Authors: Dakhli Anissa , Mtiraoui Abderraouf 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between some corporate characteristics, audit quality and managerial entrenchment in Tunisian companies.Design/methodology/approachThe multivariate regression model is used for hypothesis testing using a sample of 224 listed observations on Tunisian Stock Exchange during 2014–2020. An exploratory factor analysis of four variables (chief executive officer (CEO) duality, CEO tenure, CEO seniority and CEO age) is used for calculating a unique index assessing the managerial entrenchment.FindingsThe results show a negative and significant relationship between audit quality and managerial entrenchment. The authors also find that firm characteristics affect management entrenchment. Precisely, corporate financial performance and firm leverage show positive connections with managerial entrenchment (ME). Additional analysis confirms the negative impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on managerial entrenchment level.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings have practical implications that may be useful to different stakeholders, policymakers and regulatory bodies interested in reducing management entrenchment. This study offers signals to shareholders about specific governance attributes, namely audit quality, that control the extent of manager's entrenchment.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper consists in focusing on developing countries, namely the Tunisian context; while the managerial entrenchment phenomena has been widely examined in developed markets. Moreover, contrary to the overwhelming majority of previous studies that has used individual indexes for evaluating the entrenchment, the authors calculate a mixed index of managerial entrenchment using the principal component analysis based on four governance mechanisms (CEO duality, CEO age, CEO seniority and CEO tenure).
Socially responsible investment (SRI) Sukuk as a financing alternative for post COVID-19 development project
Authors: Hasan Rashedul , Velayutham Sivakumar , Khan Abu Faisal 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
COVID-19 has disrupted the economic development of both advanced and emerging markets. In addition to the stimulus packages to adjust the economic shock from COVID-19, regulators around the world are searching for innovative mechanisms to rebuild the economy. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of SRI Sukuk to serve as an Islamic social finance solution for development projects to mitigate the adverse economic effects of COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a mixed-method research framework. The authors use a systematic literature review following the recommendations of Bowen (2009) to identify critical challenges financing PPP projects using SRI Sukuk. In the next phase, the authors interview participants involved in an SRI Sukuk financed PPP project to get more significant insights on the challenges identified through the literature review process.

Findings
The authors identify the need for greater transparency for SRI financed PPP projects. Also, organisational and legislative challenges are limiting the attractiveness of SRI Sukuk as a financing mechanisms for post-COVID development projects.

Practical implications
SRI Sukuk is an emerging financing concept, and the use of such an Islamic financial instrument in financing development projects can serve as a viable alternative for policymakers in a post-COVID economic environment.

Social implications
The successful completion of the development projects integrating the concept of Social Maslahah through SRI Sukuk in Malaysia could encourage other emerging economies to use such innovative Islamic financial instrument for economic development in post-COVID environment.

Originality/value
This paper is unique, as it provides evidence on the potential of SRI Sukuk to finance large scale public-private partnership projects.
Heritage-led urban regeneration: the case of “El-Shalalat District”, Alexandria
Authors: Abdelhamid Mona M. , El Hakeh Amira Hassan , Elfakharany Mohamed M. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify threats facing heritage management in developing countries. It investigates the challenges facing the application of the historic urban landscape approach (HUL) in the city of Alexandria in Egypt, where heritage is trapped between unplanned developments from one side and deterioration from another side.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses SWOT analysis regarding the heritage management approach of the historic site. Site observation, documentary reviews, an online questionnaire (due to the COVID situation) and some interviews with park visitors and shopkeepers have been adopted to capture the changes in the site management, specifically capturing the current status of the site.FindingsThe paper presented an empirical study covering the evolution of heritage management practices. It suggests that building and maintaining the synergy between the government, the private sector and the public is essential for the sustainability of urban development in the city of Alexandria. It also asserts that heritage is a major catalyst of urban regeneration in the city.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper highlights major threats facing Alexandrian heritage. However, it lacks generalizability.Practical implicationsIt suggests inclusive urban conservation strategies that are based on the HUL approach that would revitalize the historic core and assist in preserving both its tangible and intangible heritage. These strategies can help decision makers to develop more sustainable approaches in managing city heritage and achieving sustainable development of the city core.Social implicationsThe paper presents a social implication through involving stakeholders in the sustainable revitalization project of Al-Shalalat district located in the city center of Alexandria.Originality/valueThe paper presents an empirical study that fulfills an identified need for adopting more sustainable strategies in heritage management in Alexandria.
Liquidity issues: solutions for the asset rich, cash poor
Authors: Loutzenhiser Glen , Mann Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiquidity concerns are oft raised when considering wealth taxes, yet the issue has received scant attention in the extant literature. In this paper we provide the first comprehensive review of the liquidity problem. Our aims are to estimate the scale of the problem, to explore the extent to which archetypal examples are at risk of experiencing low liquidity, and to review the policy options to reduce the scale and impact of liquidity challenges. Using data from Round 6 of the Wealth and Assets Survey, we demonstrate that the scale of the problem depends largely on conceptual and design issues. We find that farmers and business owners are commonly over‐represented in the low‐liquidity group, but there is little evidence to support the typical narrative surrounding single pensioners. Finally, we conclude our review with a number of preferred solutions to address liquidity issues, including recognising that a net wealth tax can be paid out of income or by sale of assets, by withholding tax (e.g. by pension providers), by borrowing/financing, deferred payment arrangements and, possibly in limited circumstances, payment in specie.
The Long‐Term Consequences of Short‐Term Incentives
Authors: EDMANS ALEX , FANG VIVIAN W. , HUANG ALLEN H. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the long‐term consequences of actions induced by vesting equity, a measure of short‐term incentives. Vesting equity is positively associated with the probability of a firm repurchasing shares, the amount of shares repurchased, and the probability of the firm announcing a merger and acquisition (M&A). However, it is also associated with more negative long‐term returns over two to three years following repurchases and four years following M&A, as well as future M&A goodwill impairment. These results are inconsistent with CEOs buying underpriced stock or companies to maximize long‐run shareholder value, but consistent with these actions being used to boost the short‐term stock price and thus equity sale proceeds. CEOs sell their own stock shortly after using company money to buy the firm's stock, also inconsistent with repurchases being motivated by undervaluation.
Magnetic sphincter augmentation in treating refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhuang Qian Jun , Tan Nian Di , Chen Song Feng , Zhang Meng Yu , Xiao Ying Lian 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis we aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) in the management of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (rGERD).MethodsLiterature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, OpenGrey and ClincalTrials.gov for single‐arm studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of MSA in rGERD or comparative studies with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) serving as the control published until April 2020. Primary outcome was the rate of postoperative PPI use, and secondary outcomes included postoperative GERD‐health‐related quality of life (GERD‐HRQL), normalization of acid exposure time (AET) and incidence of procedure‐related adverse events (AE).ResultsTen single‐arm studies, one randomized controlled trial and three cohort studies involving 1138 participants were included. Post‐MSA PPI withdrawal, significant GERD‐HRQL improvement and AET normalization were achieved in 87.0%, 88.0% and 75.0% of the patients, respectively. The incidence of postoperative dysphagia was 29% and endoscopic dilation was required in 7.4% of patients undergoing MSA. MSA showed a better efficacy in symptom control than PPI (PPI cessation: 91% vs 0%; GERD‐HRQL improvement: 81% vs 8%) and similar effectiveness but a lower risk of gas‐bloat syndrome (risk ratio [RR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51‐0.93, P = 0.01) and better reserved ability to belch (RR 1.48, 95% CI 0.76‐2.86, P = 0.25) compared with LNF.ConclusionsMSA was an effective and safe therapy for rGERD. Well‐designed randomized trials that compare the efficacy of MSA with other therapies are needed.