bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The different biological effects of TMPyP4 and cisplatin in the inflammatory microenvironment of osteosarcoma are attributed to G‐quadruplex
Authors: Chen Jianqiang , Jin Xiangxiang , Mei Yanan , Shen Zhe , Zhu Jufan , Shi Hongyi , Wang Minshan , Zheng Xiaohui , Liang Guang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveOsteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by high levels of the tumour‐associated inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, in approximately 60% of OS, telomere length is maintained by alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. Whether the ALT pathway can be exploited for OS therapeutic treatment and how the OS inflammatory microenvironment influences the anti‐cancer drug effect remains unknown. Here, we examined the biological effects of TMPyP4 and cisplatin in the inflammatory microenvironment of OS cells.Materials and methodsImmunofluorescence in situ hybridization (IF‐FISH) and C‐circle experiments were used to detect the G‐quadruplex and ALT activity. The redox potential of single guanine, G‐quadruplex and G‐quadruplex/TMPyP4 was evaluated by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (LUMO), zeta potential and cyclic voltammetry. Cell viability, flow cytometry and apoptosis, Western blot, comet assay, adhesion, transwell and scratch experiments were performed to compare the anti‐tumour proliferation and migration effects of TMPyP4 and cisplatin in the inflammatory microenvironment.ResultsThis study indicated that compared with cisplatin, TMPyP4 could induce the formation of human telomeres and FAK G‐quadruplex in vitro and in vivo, and TMPyP4‐treated OS cells showed fewer extrachromosomal C‐circles and fewer ALT‐associated promyelocytic leukaemia bodies. Consequently, the ALT activity and FAK‐related cell migration were suppressed by TMPyP4. Mechanistically, the formation of G‐quadruplex resulted in both lower redox potential than G within the genome and FAK transcription inhibition, and TMPyP4 could enhance this phenomenon, especially in the inflammatory microenvironment.ConclusionsOur results reveal that TMPyP4 is more suitable for OS treatment than cisplatin.
Accuracy of administrative database estimates of national surgical volume: Solid organ transplantation in the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Fielding‐Singh Vikram , Grogan Tristan R. , Neelankavil Jacques P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the accuracy of procedural coding in the National Inpatient Sample, in part because it is challenging to validate population‐level estimates.MethodsWe evaluated the accuracy of the National Inpatient Sample by comparing estimates of solid organ transplantation to known national transplant volumes from the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network.ResultsThe mean deviation of National Inpatient Sample point estimates from true transplant volume for the study period was 17.5 ± 20.8%. The mean deviation of point estimates from 2005 to 2011 was 26.4 ± 22.8% compared to 4.9 ± 6.3% from 2012 to 2016 (P < .001).ConclusionsAlthough future National Inpatient Sample transplantation research may be limited by the inability to subgroup procedures by donor type, surgical procedure coding of solid organ transplantation within the National Inpatient Sample appears to be accurate and reliable for generating national estimates, particularly after the National Inpatient Sample redesign in 2012.
Early childhood neurodevelopmental outcome after open prenatal spina bifida aperta repair
Authors: Hepp Zehra S , Haas Verena M , Latal Beatrice , Meuli Martin , Möhrlen Ueli , Schauer Sonja M , Steinfeld Robert , Padden Beth A , Wille David A 
Published: July 2021

AimTo investigate neurodevelopmental outcome of children with open prenatal spina bifida aperta (SBA) repair.MethodPrenatal SBA repair was performed in 130 fetuses at the Zurich Center between 2010 and 2019. Seventy‐seven children underwent 1 year assessment with the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (Griffiths) and 65 with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) at 2 years. Anatomical and functional level and ambulation status were assessed. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses for risk factors were performed.ResultsThe Bayley‐III cognition composite score in children with prenatal SBA repair was within normal limits but lower compared to population norms (mean=95.15, SD=14.683 vs norm=100, SD=15, p=0.01). Fine motor development (mean=9.58, SD=2.744, p=0.227) was typical while gross motor development was lower than the norm (mean=3.02, SD=2.758 vs norm=10, SD=3, p<0.001). Griffiths developmental quotient subscales correlated significantly with corresponding Bayley‐III scores (all p<0.001, r=0.519–0.594). At 2 years, 50.8% could walk.InterpretationChildren with non‐trial open prenatal SBA repair show favourable cognitive outcome in the low‐average range at 1 and 2 years of age. While gross motor function remained delayed, fine motor function was age appropriate. The correlation between Griffiths and Bayley‐III allows a prediction about neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 1 year.
What this paper adds

Children with non‐trial open prenatal spina bifida repair show favourable cognitive outcome.

Gross motor function remains impaired, while fine motor function is age appropriate.

At 2 years of age, 50.8% of children were walking.

Neurodevelopmental testing correlated between 1 (Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales) and 2 (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition) years.
TEE image quality improvement with our devised probe cover
Authors: Morita Yoshihisa , Kariya Taro , El‐Bashir Jaber , Galusca Dragos , Guruswamy Jayakar , Tanaka Kenichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective(s)Our hypothesis was that our devised transesophageal echocardiography probe cover with the capacity for pinpoint suction would improve image quality.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary medical center.ParticipantsPatients undergoing surgery requiring intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.InterventionsSuctioning with inserted orogastric tube.Measurements and main resultsChanges in image quality with suctioning were assessed by 2 methods. In method #1, investigators categorized the quality of all acquired images on a numeric scale based on each investigator's impression (1: very poor, 2: poor, 3: acceptable, 4: good, and 5: very good). In method #2, the reproducibility of the left ventricular fraction area change (LV FAC) was assessed, assuming that improved transgastric midpapillary short‐axis view image quality would yield better LV FAC reproducibility.With method #1, for midesophageal views, 26.5%, 70.5%, and 3.0% of images showed improved, the same, and worsened image quality, respectively. For transgastric views, 55.3%, 43.3%, and 1.4% showed improved, the same, and worsened image quality, respectively. For deep transgastric views, 60.0%, 38.0%, and 2.0% showed improved, the same, and worsened image quality, respectively.With method #2, the presuction group had an ICC of 0.942 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.965). The postsuction group had an ICC of 0.988 (95% CI: 0.981, 0.993).ConclusionsOur investigation validates the potential image quality improvement withour devised TEE probe cover. However, its clinical validity needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Fatter or fitter? On rewarding and training in a contest
Authors: Clark Derek J. , Nilssen Tore 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCompetition between heterogeneous participants leads to low‐effort provision in contests. A principal can divide her fixed budget between skill‐enhancing training and the contest prize. Training can reduce heterogeneity, increasing effort. It also reduces the contest prize, making effort fall. We set up an incomplete‐information contest with heterogeneous players and show how this trade‐off is related to the size of the budget of an effort‐maximizing principal. A selection problem arises implying a cost associated with a win by the inferior player. The principal has a larger incentive to train the laggard, reducing the prize on offer.
The objective stance and the boundary problem
Authors: Bagnoli Carla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates some unexplored ambivalences of Strawson's distinction between the participant stance marked by reactive attitudes and the objective stance in which such attitudes are deemed inappropriate. First, a distinction between recipient‐oriented and agent‐oriented reasons for taking the objective stance is introduced. These are both practical reasons rooted in the agent's position. The former category of reasons refers to the recipient's capacities for moral agency, and the latter to the agent's interests and concerns. Second, it is shown that taking the objective stance for recipient‐oriented reasons (a) is a moral move, which alters one's normative relation to others; and (b) it may have severe disempowering effects on others. Third, departing from current debates, this investigation refocuses on cases in which the objective stance is grounded on self‐defensive or adversarial reasons. The examination of such cases shows that the objective/participant divide stands behind and organizes the complex dynamics through which moral membership is negotiated. Once agent‐oriented reasons are brought into focus, it appears that the divide is contestable and renegotiable: the boundaries of the relevant community can be alteredbyclaiming and reclaiming responsibility. Correspondingly, reactive attitudes should be acknowledged as means and drives of the struggle for moral and political recognition.
Precise estimation of dodecylbenzenesulfonate in aqueous solution containing dissolved organic matter extracted from soil using UV‐spectrometry
Authors: Hossain Md. Imam , Ishiguro Munehide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrecise estimation of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) is essential for understanding its adsorption in soils, transport, toxicity, fate, and its application in the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. DBS can be easily identified by its conjugated double bond systems of benzene rings under the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of a spectrophotometer. However, benzene group components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) also absorb light in the UV spectrum, and this effect is responsible for the excess quantities of DBS that are falsely measured by spectrophotometers. This study was conducted to propose a method for accurately measuring the DBS concentration of a solution containing DOM. To elucidate the influence of DOM during the UV‐spectroscopic measurement of DBS in an aqueous solution, 222.5 nm UV and 400 nm UV–vis spectra were measured. The DOM was extracted from a highly humic non‐allophanic volcanic ash (Andosol) soil by using 1 mmol NaCl/L and 100 mmol NaCl/L solutions as the extractants. The absorbances at both 222.5 and 400 nm increased in proportion to the increase in the DOM concentration. The relationship between the absorbances at the two different wavelengths could be expressed as a linear relationship. On the other hand, the absorbance at 400 nm did not increase with the increase in the DBS concentration, whereas the absorbance at 222.5 nm increased with the increase in the DOM concentration. Therefore, we inferred that the influence of DOM on the absorbance value of the DBS–DOM complex solution at 222.5 nm could be eliminated by using the linear relationship between the two different absorbances of the DBS‐free DOM solution. This method makes it possible to easily measure the DBS concentration of a solution from soil water, streams or industrial effluents containing DOM, without using reagents.Highlights
Dodecylbenzenesulfonate in a solution is overestimated in the presence of dissolved organic matter.
Dodecylbenzenesulfonate becomes precisely detectable using 222.5 and 400 nm spectrophotometry.
Our proposed method is simple, rapid, efficient, and requires no special reagent or recurring cost.
This method can be used for precise DBS estimation in soil water, streams, or industrial effluents.
Decomposition and nutrient release from legume and non‐legume residues in a tropical soil
Authors: da Silva Jônatas Pedro , Teixeira Rafael da Silva , da Silva Ivo R. , Soares Emanuelle M. B. , Lima Augusto M. N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of decomposition and release of nutrients from plant residues of different covers, in association or succession, is essential to define more sustainable management strategies in tropical soils. The objective of this study was to estimate the decomposition rates and the release of nutrients during the decomposition of different crop residues with different chemical compositions when in association (Mix) or in succession as residue management. A study was carried out with the respective treatments in a (2 × 6) + 1 factorial scheme: (a) without and with the addition ofPennisetum americanumresidue (L); and (b) six residue crops (legumes and non‐legumes) and one additional treatment with residue of millet only; with destructive samples over time (0; 0.08, 0.25 and 0.41 years after incubation). The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. The plant material was processed, and the contents of macro‐ and micronutrients were determined. The decomposition rates and release of nutrients from the residues were estimated by fitting nonlinear regression models. Residues of only non‐legumes, with the exception of sunflower, tend to accumulate and degrade more slowly, resulting in a slow release of nutrients to the soil. Legume residues are more easily decomposed, enabling faster delivery of the nutrients available to the soil. Despite the faster degradation of legume residues, brown hemp was more resistant to decomposition. A combined supply of legume and non‐legume residues favoured a diversified pattern of decomposition and release of nutrients among the different residues studied. The knowledge of the biochemical composition, as well as the dynamics of decomposition and release of nutrients from leguminous and non‐leguminous residues, will directly influence the management to be adopted and the functionality of the residues in the soil.HighlightsDecomposition of associated plant residues as soil fertility management strategies for tropical soil were explored.Interactions of decomposition dynamics of plant residues applied to tropical soils were investigated.The combined supply of legume/non‐legume residues favours greater decomposition and release of nutrients.Biochemical composition of plant residues directly influences the sustainable soil fertility management strategies to be adopted.
Blockchain technology: A DNN token‐based approach in healthcare and COVID‐19 to generate extracted data
Authors: Mallikarjuna Basetty , Shrivastava Gulshan , Sharma Meenakshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe healthcare technologies in COVID‐19 pandemic had grown immensely in various domains. Blockchain technology is one such turnkey technology, which is transforming the data securely; to store electronic health records (EHRs), develop deep learning algorithms, access the data, process the data between physicians and patients to access the EHRs in the form of distributed ledgers. Blockchain technology is also made to supply the data in the cloud and contact the huge amount of healthcare data, which is difficult and complex to process. As the complexity in the analysis of data is increasing day by day, it has become essential to minimize the risk of data complexity. This paper supports deep neural network (DNN) analysis in healthcare and COVID‐19 pandemic and gives the smart contract procedure, to identify the feature extracted data (FED) from the existing data. At the same time, the innovation will be useful to analyse future diseases. The proposed method also analyze the existing diseases which had been reported and it is extremely useful to guide physicians in providing appropriate treatment and save lives. To achieve this, the massive data is integrated using Python scripting language under various libraries to perform a wide range of medical and healthcare functions to infer knowledge that assists in the diagnosis of major diseases such as heart disease, blood cancer, gastric and COVID‐19.
Climate change adaptation in fisheries
Authors: Galappaththi Eranga K. , Susarla Vasantha B. , Loutet Samantha J. T. , Ichien Stephanie T. , Hyman Amanda A. , Ford James D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe conducted a global systematic literature review of climate change adaptation in fisheries. We addressed three specific questions: (i) What are fisheries adapting to? (ii) How are fisheries adapting? and (iii) What research gaps need to be addressed? We identified, characterized and examined case studies published between 1990 and 2019 that lie at the intersection of the domains of climate change, adaptation and fisheries. We characterized the documented climate change effects in fisheries that are being adapted to multiple stressors, general climate impacts, extreme events, ocean conditions, marine system shifts, climate variability, fishery dynamics, species distribution and atmospheric warming. Three categories of adaptive responses came to light: coping mechanisms (e.g. changing fishing location, use of traditional knowledge); adaptive strategies (e.g. livelihood diversification, incorporation of technology); and management responses (e.g. adaptive management, adaptation planning). We identified key potential areas for future research, including studies on the limits and barriers for adaptation, studies using specific conceptual and methodological approaches, and studies focussing on the top‐producing countries such as China, Indonesia, Peru and Russia. This analysis gives broader insights to the fisheries industry and to climate change adaptation research to proceed in the face of new global challenges.
Structural and chemical heterogeneity of Proterozoic organic microfossils of the ca. 1 Ga old Angmaat Formation, Baffin Island, Canada
Authors: Nabhan Sami , Kah Linda C. , Mishra Bhoopesh , Pollok Kilian , Manning‐Berg Ashley R. , van Zuilen Mark A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganic microfossils in Meso‐ and Neoproterozoic rocks are of key importance to track the emergence and evolution of eukaryotic life. An increasing number of studies combine Raman spectroscopy with synchrotron‐based methods to characterize these microfossils. A recurring observation is that Raman spectra of organic microfossils show negligible variation on a sample scale and that variation between different samples can be explained by differences in thermal maturation or in the biologic origin of organic precursor material. There is a paucity of work, however, that explores the extent to which the petrographic framework and diagenetic processes might influence the chemical structure of organic materials. We present a detailed Raman spectroscopy‐based study of a complex organic microfossil assemblage in the ca. 1 Ga old Angmaat Formation, Baffin Island, Canada. This formation contains abundant early diagenetic chert that preserves silicified microbial mats with numerous, readily identifiable organic microfossils. Individual chert beds show petrographic differences with discrete episodes of cementation and recrystallization. Raman spectroscopy reveals measurable variation of organic maturity between samples and between neighboring organic microfossils of the same taxonomy and taphonomic state. Scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy performed on taphonomically similar coccoidal microfossils from the same thin section shows distinct chemical compositions, with varying ratios of aromatic compounds to ketones and phenols. Such observations imply that geochemical variation of organic matter is not necessarily coupled to thermal alteration or organic precursor material. Variation of the Raman signal across single samples is most likely linked to the diagenetic state of analyzed materials and implies an association between organic preservation and access to diagenetic fluids. Variation in the maturity of individual microfossils may be a natural outcome of local diagenetic processes and potentially exceeds differences derived from precursor organic material. These observations stress the importance of detailed in situ characterization by Raman spectroscopy to identify target specimens for further chemical analysis.
A survey of health information seeking by cancer patients indicates some problems over medical explanations and terminology
Authors: Akbolat Mahmut , Amarat Mustafa , Ünal Özgün , Şantaş Gülcan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients may experience stress because of insufficient information about their illness, health condition, or treatment, but some may fear what the information reveals.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine health information‐seeking behaviour, the attitudes of cancer patients, the barriers they face in seeking health information and their sociodemographic and disease characteristics.MethodsA survey was conducted with 84 cancer patients in Turkey. Descriptive statistics were performed to determine the characteristics of information seeking and barriers found.ResultsCancer patients are likely to seek health information, often confident about finding resources easily. The main problems are as follows: (1) insufficient information from health care providers; (2) understanding medical terminology; and (3) lack of help from health care providers to explain information retrieved.DiscussionThe information‐seeking behaviour of cancer patients in this sample in Turkey resembles studies elsewhere, with (overall) evidence of monitoring behaviour (wanting to find out more about the disease, treatment and effects on lived experience).ConclusionsThe cancer patients in this survey were generally willing and confident in their information seeking to find out more about the disease, treatment and effects on lifestyle. The main barriers were medical terminology, insufficient explanations and information from healthcare providers.
Information seeking behaviour differences indicate which US population groups lack information about human papilloma virus and associated cancer risks
Authors: Ansari Bahareh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of the US population have poor knowledge of cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Identifying best sources for communicating this information can guide strategies to promote HPV vaccination.ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between sources of health information and individuals’ knowledge of HPV‐related cervical and oropharyngeal cancer.MethodsThis study conducts logistic regression on the most recent wave (2019) of the Health Information National Trends Survey. Dependent variables are indicators for self‐reported awareness that HPV causes (a) cervical cancer and (b) oropharyngeal cancer. The primary indicator is a variable for different sources of health information: The Internet, professional sources, print materials, friends/family and never looked for health information.ResultsBeing female, young, non‐Hispanic White and having college education is associated with higher odds of knowing about HPV‐related cervical cancer. Controlling for demographic factors, individuals using professionals and the Internet are more likely to know that HPV causes cervical cancer (aOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.66, 4.25; aOR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.50, respectively) compared to those who have never looked for health information. Similar results were found for HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer.ConclusionFindings provide implications for targeted messaging through effective channels to improve HPV vaccination uptake.