bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achievement of electric energy savings through controlling frequency convertor in the operation process of asynchronous motors in textile enterprises
Authors: Baratov Rustam , Pirmatov Nurali , Panoev Abdullo , Chulliyev Yakubjon , Ruziyev Sodiq , Mustafoqulov Almardon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In article are brought frequency regulation of the asynchronous electric motor and that reach to energy saving itself. Frequency management is energy saving so regulation of the frequency of the rotation of the asynchronous engine are provided increasing coefficient of efficiency and reduction of the loss to powers. A machine asynchronous is often used today as a power scale ranging with a motor from some Watts to several thousand kW. For power applications exceeding several kW, asynchronous motors run solely on three-phase AC power supplies. Owing to the sensitivity of a process or the critical nature of certain applications, the network may be supported with an Uninterruptible Power Supply.
Development of a front plow with active and passive working bodies
Authors: Mamatov F , Mirzaev B , Mirzahodzhaev Sh , Uzakov Z , Choriyeva D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The existing plows of smooth, furless plowing do not ensure efficient use of the power of energy-rich arable tractors, high-quality soil preparation for sowing and an increase in the productivity of the unit. The aim of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the active working body of the combined frontal plow, which ensures the efficient use of the power of energy-saturated arable tractors, high-quality soil preparation for sowing and an increase in the productivity of the unit. A constructive scheme of a combined frontal plow with active working bodies has been developed. Analytical dependencies are obtained that describe the process of interaction of an active working body with the soil and, on their basis, rational parameters of an active working body are determined. In the research, the laws and rules of theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics, mathematical planning of experiments and methods of strain gauge were applied. It was found that when the active working body of the combined plow is in the form of an active cutter, its diameter is 572 mm, the number of knives is 5 pieces, the length of the knives is 16 cm and the sharpening angle is 20°, the required quality of plowing is ensured with the least energy consumption. In this case, the longitudinal distance from the nose of the body share to the shaft of the active working body of the combined frontal plow should be 3 cm, the indicator of the kinematic operating mode of the active working body – 2.19 the transverse distance between adjacent working bodies along the shaft of the active working body -26 cm.
Features of contact interaction of composite polymer materials with raw cotton in the process of friction
Authors: Eshkobilov Kh , Negmatov S , Abed S , Gulyamov G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Based on modern concepts of the theory of wear and tear in the course of studying the process of contact interaction of composite polymer materials with raw cotton, a molecular-mechanical-electrical theory of contact interaction is put forward, which reveals the influence of the electrical components of the friction forces on the mechanism and nature of friction.
Autonomous hybrid solar-heat pump for system heat-cooling in buildings
Authors: Anarbaev Anvar , Koroly Mexriya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, there is described technical desicion of heat-cooling supply in building by using the solar heat pump system. It is possible to realize a system having high reliability in operation of the system. The solar heat pump system according to the present technical desicion has high energy efficiency while ensuring reliability, and is useful as a domestic air conditioning and heating water heater. It can also be applied to uses such as industrial heating and cooling devices. In addition, the structure of the autonomous hybrid system according is useful as a method for efficiently using PV system.
Preparation and characterization of rabbit hair keratin hydrogel
Authors: Ge NaiWei , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hao , Zhu Ruoying , Shi Xueping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Protein-based hydrogel with the characters of environmentally friendly, resource saving and excellent biocompatibility has become a hot topic in the field polymer materials. In this paper, the rabbit hair keratin was extracted from waste rabbit hair ang then prepared into hydrogel by means of heating-cooling. The conclusion is that the molecular weight of rabbit hair keratin measured by SDS-PAGE concentrated in 40∼60kDa and rabbit hair keratin hydrogel in 11∼22 kDa. The forming conditions such as concentration and temperature of preparing hydrogel were experimented by using variable-controlling approach, the formation concentration of keratin should be over 125mg/ml and the temperature over 55°C. Various characterization techniques were used to determine the physical and chemical property of the hydrogel. As proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), covalent bonds and three-dimensional porous structure with many interconnected pores had been successfully formed. They were also characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and swelling test, etc. The consequence showed that the equilibrium moisture content can reach up to 20.21% and the swelling rate as high as 9.55%, which were inversely proportional to the concentration of keratin. Furthermore, the hydrogel had good thermal stability, the initial decomposition temperature is around 204°C. It is indicating that the excellent properties of rabbit hair keratin hydrogel can be further studied.
Synthesis of cationic graft modified chitosan and its antibacterial finish on rabbit wool fabric
Authors: Bai Yu Han , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hao , Lu Xue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As a natural polymer antibacterial agent, chitosan itself has excellent characteristics, but its application is limited due to its poor solubility. Based on this, using ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) as redox initiators, a cationic antibacterial monomer was grafted onto chitosan to prepare a new type of modified chitosan. The target product was successfully analyzed by infrared spectrum analysis and XPS energy spectrum analysis. Using polycarboxylic acid as a cross-linking agent and modified chitosan as an antibacterial agent, the rabbit wool fabric was finished, and the finished fabric was tested for antibacterial properties and washing resistance. The effect of graft-modified chitosan with different reaction conditions on the antibacterial finishing fabric, such as the ratio of monomer to chitosan substance, reaction temperature, and the amount of initiator added, was studied. The results showed that the finished rabbit wool fabrics had good antibacterial effects on E. coli, and their antibacterial rates reached 100%, and after 20 washings, the antibacterial rate still reached 100%, with long-lasting antibacterial properties. Considering the cost, the ratio of the amount of the chitosan to the monomer was finally selected as 4: 1 to prepare the modified chitosan.
Experimental and numerical studies of perforated CFRP laminates under quasi-static tensile load
Authors: Yin Dejun , Zheng Jian , Xiong Chao , Yin Junhui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mechanical properties and failure modes of perforated CFRP laminate specimens under quasi-static tensile load were studied by means of experimental test and numerical simulation. Tensile tests of perforated CFRP laminates were conducted on an INSTRON electronic universal testing machine, and the progressive damage model based on 2D Hashin failure criterion was established by using the ABAQUS/Explicit software. The results showed that the discrepancy of ultimate tensile load basis on experimental test and numerical simulation was acceptable, which was less than 6.0 %. The numerical simulation method and results provide a theoretical reference for the design and application of perforated CFRP laminates.
Structural changes of 12Cr1MoVG steel during high-temperature creep
Authors: Pan Jinping , Xu Bo , Zhu Xinwei , Yu Xuefen , Tan Lianjiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Heat-resistant steels are key metal materials for high-temperature and high-pressure boilers of ultra-super critical (USC) power plants. A lot of steels have been designed for heat resistance purposes, among which 12Cr1MoVG steel is a good alternative but has not been studied intensively for its high-temperature creep properties. In the current work, the 12Cr1MoVG steel was subjected to long-term creep at different temperatures. The 20000 h creep rupture stress showed obvious decrease with increasing temperature in the data range. The structural changes of the 12Cr1MoVG steel during the high-temperature creep tests was investigated by analyzing the cavitation and metallographic structure before and after the creep tests. The results indicated that the structural changes had close relationships with the creep behavior and mechanical properties of the steel. This work gives insights into the high-temperature creep study of heat-resistant steels.
Research on ball milling process of Mn powder for ceramic metal welding
Authors: An Baijiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The main content of this experiment is to study the optimal ball milling process of Mn powder by controlling the factors such as ball milling ratio, ball milling time and grinding ball size. In the experiment, the Mn powder was ground by wet ball milling method. Ethanol was used as the medium to set different powder: ball: ethanol ratio. The microstructures of Mn were studied by grinding for 6 h, 18 h and 24 h at 400 r/min. The XRD, Scanning Electron Microscope and particle size analyzer were used to analyze the phase, microstructure and particle size of the powder. The results show that the ratio of the crushing rate of material to the time of ball milling are not related. In the initial stage of ball milling, Mn powder was rapidly crushed and refined, but the particle size gradually stabilized after 18 hours. The grinding ball with smaller diameter is slower to crush, but the particle size of Mn powder is more uniform. When the quality of powder: ball: ethanol =1:1.5:1.5, the obtained Mn powder has the finest particle size and uniform particles, which is the best grinding condition. After ball milling, the average particle size of Mn powder is 2.04 μm.
Synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoflowers with different morphologies
Authors: Li Huiqin , Yan Shaotian , Deng Cui , Dou Shumei , Ren Xinyue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the chemical reduction method was used to prepare silver nanoparticles with different morphologies and sizes by controlling the proportion of ascorbic acid and silver nitrate at room temperature. In the experiment, the molar ratio of ascorbic acid and silver nitrate was mainly 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 to prepare nano silver. The morphology of silver nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the phase content was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the obtained material is pure silver nanoparticles, and the silver nanoparticles are spherical and multilevel branched.
Surface electric field and adsorption properties of noble metal modified graphene in methane gas
Authors: Huang Xinyu , Li Weijian , Ding Jijun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Based on COMSOL Multiphysics software, the geometric model of graphene structure is set on the two-dimensional plane, and the thickness of graphene layer is set at 400 nm. The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of graphene are defined. Then, the Ag and Au films are coated on both sides of graphene to form the Ag/G/Ag and Au/G/Au sandwich structures, respectively. In addition, the electric field modes between 300 nm and 600 nm are obtained by parameterized scanning calculation of the incident wavelength λ. At the same time, adsorption, scattering and extinction spectra are plotted. Results indicated that the maximum field strength of both the Ag/G/Ag and Au/G/Au sandwich structures are nearly doubled as compared to the intrinsic graphene. Finally, the adsorption, scattering and extinction properties are discussed. It is concluded that the resonance absorption peaks can be adjusted and improved by Ag/Au modification. The strongest plasma resonance mode shifts towards high energy. Moreover, Ag/G/Ag has stronger surface plasmon resonance effect than that of Au/G/Au structure.
Electrical properties of heterostructures MnS/n-CdZnTe obtained by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Orletsky Ivan G , Ilashchuk Mariya I , Maistruk Eduard V , Parkhomenko Hryhorii P , Marianchuk Pavlo D , Koziarskyi Ivan P , Koziarskyi Dmytro P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The conditions for obtaining diode heterostructures of MnS/n-CdZnTe by the method of spray pyrolysis of MnS alabandite thin films on n-CdZnTe crystalline substrates were investigated. Based on the analysis of the temperature dependences of the I-V-characteristics, the mechanisms of the influence of electronic processes on the forward current in the MnS film are established. The mechanisms of current flow at reverse bias are revealed. The conditions for the formation of the energy barrier at the MnS/n-CdZnTe heterojunction and the influence on its parameters of the energy states at the semiconductor interface are studied. Based on the C-V-characteristics, the peculiarities of the distribution of electrically active impurities in the base region are investigated and the interaction of the alabandite film capacitance with the diffusion capacitance of the heterostructure is revealed. The proposed model of the energy diagram of the heterostructure well describes the experimental results.
EEG signal analysis during Ishihara’s test in subjects with normal vision and color vision deficiency
Authors: Ekhlasi Ali , Ahmadi Hessam , Molavi Amir , Saadat Nia Mohammad , Nasrabadi Ali Motie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) is one of the most common types of vision deficiency. People with CVD have difficulty seeing color spectra depending on what types of retina photoreceptors are impaired. In this paper, the Ishihara test with 38 plates was used to examine the Electroencephalogram (EEG) of ten subjects with CVD plus ten healthy individuals. The recording was performed according to the 10–20 international system. The C-based software was programmed so that subjects could select the number or path in each test plate in the software options while recording EEG. Frequency features in different frequency bands were extracted from the EEG signals of the two groups during the Ishihara test. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between features were assessed by independent samples t-test with False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. Also, the K-nearest neighbor classifier (KNN) was used to classify the two groups. The results revealed that the most significant difference between the two groups in the Ishihara test images occurred for the electrodes located in the right temporoparietal areas (P4 and T6) of the brain in the Delta, Theta, Beta1, and Beta2 frequency bands. The KNN classifier, using the signals that reported the greatest statistical difference between the two groups, showed that the two groups were distinguishable with 85.2% accuracy. In this way, images from the Ishihara test that would provide the most accurate classification were identified. In conclusion, this research provided new insights into EEG signals of subjects with CVD and healthy subjects based on the Ishihara color vision test.
Characterizing the loss landscape of variational quantum circuits
Authors: Huembeli Patrick , Dauphin Alexandre 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Machine learning techniques enhanced by noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices and especially variational quantum circuits (VQC) have recently attracted much interest and have already been benchmarked for certain problems. Inspired by classical deep learning, VQCs are trained by gradient descent methods which allow for efficient training over big parameter spaces. For NISQ sized circuits, such methods show good convergence. There are however still many open questions related to the convergence of the loss function and to the trainability of these circuits in situations of vanishing gradients. Furthermore, it is not clear how ‘good’ the minima are in terms of generalization and stability against perturbations of the data and there is, therefore, a need for tools to quantitatively study the convergence of the VQCs. In this work, we introduce a way to compute the Hessian of the loss function of VQCs and show how to characterize the loss landscape with it. The eigenvalues of the Hessian give information on the local curvature and we discuss how this information can be interpreted and compared to classical neural networks. We benchmark our results on several examples, starting with a simple analytic toy model to provide some intuition about the behaviour of the Hessian, then going to bigger circuits, and also train VQCs on data. Finally, we show how the Hessian can be used to adjust the learning rate for faster convergence during the training of variational circuits.
A novel dataset for analysing sub-national socioeconomic developments in the Indian coal industry
Authors: Pai Sandeep , Zerriffi Hisham 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coal use needs to rapidly decline in the global energy mix in the next few decades in order to meet the Paris climate goals of keeping global warming well below 2-degrees Celsius. In emerging economies such as India (the second largest producer and consumer of coal) this would entail reducing long-term coal dependency. Prior work has focused on a coal transition in India from a techno-economic point of view, yet little attention has been given to the socio-economic dimensions of this transition. This is in part due to lack of availability of datasets required for such analysis. The first step in understanding the socio-economic dimensions of a coal transition in India is to understand the scale of current socio-economic dependency on coal at the sub-national level. We contribute to this literature by creating a novel dataset comprised of all 459 operational coal mines in India, using multiple Right to Information Act applications (India’s Freedom of Information Act) and then combining this dataset with coal company wise employment factors to estimate direct job numbers at the district level (a sub-administrative unit). We find that coal is produced in 51 districts in 13 states in India with large variations in employment numbers among these districts. While Korba district in Chhattisgarh state is the highest coal producing district, Dhanbad district in Jharkhand state is home to the highest number of coal mining workers. This is the first attempt at understanding the socio-economic dependency on coal at a district level and future work could focus on quantifying other district level socio-economic indicators such as coal related revenues. The new dataset and the results of this paper will be useful for scholars conducting future work on coal transitions and related topics.
‘We have become prisoners of our own age’: from a continuing care retirement community to a total institution in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Ayalon Liat , Avidor Sharon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background and objectives
during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Israel, people residing in continuing care retirement communities (CCRC) found themselves under strict instructions to self-isolate, imposed by the CCRC managements before, during and after the nationwide lockdown. The present study explored the personal experiences of CCRC residents during the lockdown.

Research design and methods
in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 CCRC residents from 13 different CCRCs. Authors performed a thematic analysis of interview transcripts, using constant comparisons and contrasts.

Results
three major themes were identified: (i) ‘Us vs. them: Others are worse off’. Older residents engaged in constant attempts to compare their situation to that of others. The overall message behind these downward comparisons was that the situation is not so bad, as others are in a worse predicament; (ii) ‘Us vs. them: Power imbalance’. This comparison emphasised the unbalanced power-relations between older adults and the staff and management in the setting and (iii) ‘We have become prisoners of our own age’. Interviewees described strong emotions of despair, depression and anger, which were intensified when the rest of society returned back to a new routine, whilst they were still under lockdown.

Discussion and implications
the measures imposed on residents by managements of CCRCs during the lockdown, and the emotional responses of distress among some of the residents, revealed that CCRCs have components of total institutions, not normally evident. This underscores the hidden emotional costs of the lockdown among those whose autonomy was compromised.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Abdominoplasty: A Holistic 8-Point Protocol-Based Approach to Prevent DVT
Authors: Sforza Marcos , Husein Rodwan , Saghir Reyan , Saghir Noman , Okhiria Renee , Okhiria Terrell , Sidhu Manu , Zaccheddu Renato 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Plastic surgery as a specialty is afflicted with one of the highest incidence rates of thromboembolic events, with abdominoplasty procedures known to assimilate the greatest rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop a prophylactic protocol to reduce the rate of DVT occurrence postabdominoplasty.

Methods
Over a 7-year period 1078 abdominoplasty patients were enrolled onto a holistic 8-point prophylaxis protocol. For a 4-week period before the operation all patients were required to stop smoking, and to cease hormone replacement therapy and combined oral contraception. All patients were required to have a preoperative BMI of less than 40 kg/m2. Participants were supplied with compression stockings, external pumping devices, and enoxaparin. Individuals with a history of DVT were also required to be 1-year treatment free prior to surgery. Furthermore, the protocol required postoperative ambulation of fit patients within 4 hours.

Results
Between 2008 and 2013, no incidence of DVT was recorded in all 1078 abdominoplasty surgery patients, indicating the potential for this protocol to lead to a significantly lower incidence than any previously published methodology. Previous studies of DVT incidence were reviewd to identify rates statistically significantly similar to our sample, thereby providing conservative incidence rate estimates.

Conclusions
This 8-point DVT prophylaxis protocol is the first noncriteria-based inclusive protocol aimed at preventing abdominoplasty-associated DVT. A holistic and procedure-specific approach to prophylaxis can drastically reduce the occurrence of DVT in abdominoplasty surgery.
With over 116,000 procedures performed annually in the United States, abdominoplasty has become one of the most popular and sought-after surgeries in the plastic and cosmetic field.1 Despite its ever-increasing popularity and the advancement of techniques, abdominoplasty—as with any other surgery—has its complications, including infection, seroma, hematoma, thrombosis, embolism, scarring, and even death. Complication rates as high as 37% have been reported, with some studies reporting a 16% major complication rate.2 One of the most serious and troubling complications for both surgeon and patient is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). With over 1 million patients tested, an estimated 250,000 cases of DVT are diagnosed per year in the United States alone.

Level of Evidence: 4