bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth response and shallot production on some dosage of npk nitrate compound fertilizer 16-16-16
Authors: Suddin Andi Faisal , Maintang  , Asri Muh. , Wahditiya A.A. , Rauf Abdul Wahid , Syam Amiruddin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFertilizer is considered to be one of the important factors in increasing shallot production. However, this must be followed by proper fertilization management to meet the nutrient requirements of the plant. This research was conducted with the aim of dertermining the correct dosage of NPK 16:16:16 based on ammonium nitrate in shallot plants. The assessment was carried out in October-December 2018. The research was carried out at one of the centers of shallot development, specificallly in Batu Rampung Hamlet, Tanete Village, Angeraja Sub-District, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi. A randomized block design (RBD) was used in this research, accompanied by three replications and eight treatments: P1 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 450 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P2 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 400 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P3 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 350 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P4 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 900 kg/ha; P5 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 800 kg/ha; P6 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 700 kg/ha; P7 = Urea 200 kg/ha + ZA 400 kg/ha + KCL 100 kg/ha; P8 = NPK Phonska 645 kg/ha + Urea 645 kg/ha + SP36 645 kg/ha. The results showed that NPK Nitrate Fertilization 16:16:16 at a dose of 700- 900 kg/ha indicated a fairly high growth and production (14.5-16.3 t/ha). The results obtained were not significantly different from the high-dose fertilization used by farmers (17.2 t/ha), and higher than the single dose based on the recommendation (12.8 t/ha).
The effect of biological fertilizer application on interest amount and relative water content in rehabilitation effort of old cacao
Authors: Palad Marliana S. , Aminah  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose This study was to examine the effect of the application of Trichoderma asperellum and Azotobacter chroococcum on the condition of cacao leaves (RWC and LMA) and their relationship to the interest amount formed, after treatment Inarching grafting in the rehabilitation of old cacao plants from side grafting. The method used in this study was Split Plot Design, with 2 factors, namely the use of T. asperellum and A. chroococcum which were repeated 3 times each, and using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The best results obtained were the relative water content of the leaves 98.43%; LMA 225.05 mg.mm−2, which produced an average number of 62 flowers every tree, with bacteria A.chroococcum and fungus T.asperellum applied twice each using the inarching grafting method which was carried out at the time of the appearance of the flush.
Vegetative growth response of upland rice to Actinomycetes, Azospirillum and Azotobacter
Authors: Gunawan Agung , Hala Yusminah , Ali Alimuddin , Jumadi Oslan , Junda Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research aims is to determine the suitability of nitrogen fixing bacteria, namely Actinomycetes, Azospirillum and Azotobacter with upland rice seeds to the speed of radicle formation and growth of upland rice plants. Upland rice plant growth measurement parameters include; speed of formation of radicle length, upland rice plant height, number of upland rice tillers, dry weight of the top of upland rice plants and roots of upland rice plants, wet weight of upland rice plants and roots of upland rice plants, and total N of upland rice plants and upland roots Testing the application of N2 fixing bacteria on upland rice plants on a laboratory scale was carried out to determine the suitability of microbes with upland rice plant seeds in vitro. The pot test was carried out to determine the suitability of the N2 fixing bacteria with the vegetative growth of upland rice plants in vivo. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Duncan’s advanced test. The results showed that upland rice plants inoculated with Actinomycetes, Azospirillum and Azotobacter showed significantly different growth from upland rice plants without nitrogen fixing bacteria treatment, namely the radicle formation speed and radicle length, plant height, number of tillers, wet weight, dry weight, and total N (%) plants. It can be concluded that the inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on upland rice plants has a significant effect on plant vegetative growth parameters and plant nitrogen content.
The utilization of young-harvested purple corn for dodol processed to support functional food diversification
Authors: Suarni  , Sulistyaningrum Anna , Aqil Muh. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Young-harvested purple corn can be processed to some products, including traditional processed dodol in Indonesia, that very liked by all people until now. The superiority of purple corn dodol is it has component of anthocyanin that has antioxidant activities. The ingredient using young-harvested purple corn. The method using complete randomize design, factor I extractor water P (300ml, 400 ml, 500ml), factor II heating duration L (15 minutes, 25 minutes, 35 minutes), each intervention done by 3 times repeating, cooked in boiled temperature. The data analyze using Anova, and continue with DMRT test. The level of panelists’ acceptance using organoleptic test with display parameter of colour, smells, texture, and taste test. The result of this research showed that the intervention which very liked by panelists was P1L1 500g of corn extracted by 300 ml of water with heating duration about 15 minutes, with component of water 24.86%, ash 0.44%, protein 5.98%, and high relative anthocyanin 4.04 (μg/g). Dodol processed of purple corn can be developed to instant product, with proper packaging can support functional food product diversification that has high sale value.
Optimization of hybrid corn seed production in pollination systems at various parent seed planting ratios
Authors: Sirih Supratman , Tilaar Wenny , Wanget Sisilia , Pongo Jantje , Karouw Steivie , Azrai Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research was carried out on land belonging to the North Sulawesi Agricultural Technology Research Center located at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) Address Talawaan Bantik Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency in February 2021. This study aims to analyze the different effects of spray pollination treatment on the ratio female and male parents to increase hybrid corn seed production and to obtain the best pollination vs ratio between male and female parents in increasing hybrid seed productivity. This study uses a 2 x 4 Factorial Experimental Design where factor S consists of 2 levels and factor R consists of 4 levels in the RAK pattern, namely: Factor S = Pollination with 2 levels (S1 = Spray Pollination, S2 = Natural Pollination) and Factor R = Male to Female Planting Ratio (R1 = 4 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R2 = 5 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R3 = 6 female plants vs. 1 male plant, R4 = full female plants: solation of male plants) for each treatment repeated 3 times. Based on the analysis of interaction variance, spray pollination treatment at a planting ratio of 6 : 1 was able to increase the yield of hybrid corn seed production. The results of the 5% BNT further test showed the values obtained from observations of the number of rows filled with seeds, the number of seeds in a row, the weight of 10 cobs without husks and the weight of shelled 10 cobs in a row, namely, 12.1, 23.6, 1166.7, 867, 3.
Determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruit mix from Malino, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Cahyanti Risma Eva , Hala Yusminah , Mu’nisa A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of single fruit extracts and mixtures of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis var. Sims), and strawberries (Fragaria sp.). Tomatoes, purple passion fruit and strawberries were extracted using 96% ethanol as solvent using the maceration method. Determination of total phenolic content using the Folin-ciocalteu method, measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (1.1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) spectrophotometrically and measuring the degree of acidity (pH) using a pH meter. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey’s further test. The results showed that the total phenolic content of tomatoes, purple passion fruit and strawberries before and after mixing were tomato extract (1,731 mg GAE/g), purple passion fruit extract (1,577 mg GAE/g), strawberry extract (1,917 mg GAE)./g), tomato and purple passion fruit extract (1,758 mg GAE/g), tomato and strawberry extract (2,020 mg GAE/g), strawberry and purple passion fruit extract (1,924 mg GAE/g) and tomato, purple passion fruit extract and strawberries (2.107 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant activity showed that there was a significant difference between the purple passion fruit treatments (78.695%), tomatoes and strawberries (86.160%) and tomatoes, purple passion fruit and strawberries (88.328%), but not significantly different from the tomatoes (80.683 %), tomatoes and purple passion fruit (82,059 %) as well as the treatment of strawberries (83.690 %), strawberries and purple passion fruit (84.097 %), but significantly different from the BHA control (93.526 %). It can be concluded that the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the mixed extracts of the three fruits, namely tomatoes, purple passion fruit and strawberries, were higher than those of the single fruit extracts without mixing.
Optimization of FDM 3D Printing Process Parameters on ABS based Bone Hammer using RSM Technique
Authors: Vates Umesh Kumar , Kanu Nand Jee , Gupta Eva , Singh Gyanendra Kumar , Daniel Naveen Anand , Sharma Bhupendra Prakash 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rapid prototyping (RP) uses a cycle where a real model is made by explicitly adding material as thin cross-sectional layers. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer is being use for synthesis of ABS based bone hammer. Response surface methodology (RSM) based L27 design of experiment were adopted to perform the experiment using four influencing parameters such as layer thickness, infill percentage, orientation and nozzle temperature for the three responses deflection, hardness and weight. Response surface methodology was used for modelling and optimization of considered process parameters. In present investigation, it is evident that bone hammer fabrication process parameters have been optimized on data such as bone hammer weight 19.8091g, hardness 104.5921 BHN, and force of 15 degree deflection 36.0681 N has been produced with RSM prediction with influence of process parameters such as layer thickness 0.250 mm, infill percentage 63.3333, orientation 60 degree, nozzle temperature 240°C.
Study of effects of weathering on natural fiber composites
Authors: Kashyap Satadru , Das Debanil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Composite materials are known to have many advantages and they can be used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products which make them commercially valuable. However, they may come into contact with various conditions that might lead to weathering. Weathering might lead to discoloration, decrease in durability, decline in mechanical properties and decrease in mass in composites. Hence, it is paramount to study the effects of weathering on composites before they are used in service. For this study, wood polyester composite (WPC), jute polyester composite (JPC) and coir polyester composite (CPC) were fabricated and subjected to four weathering tests - water ageing test at room temperature, water immersion test at 100°C, exposure to external environment and exposure to UV rays. It was seen that CPC samples subjected to water ageing at room temperature and immersion at 100°C showed comparatively higher water absorption rate than the WPC and JPC samples as coir fibres in CPC are hollow at the centremost region. JPC and CPC also turned whitish after 24 hours of water ageing. However, exposing the samples to the environment for a period of 144 hours did not show any significant change in the sample. It was also found that the tensile strength of all the composites decreased after being exposed to UV rays in a QUV spray weathering tester. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the composites were also modelled with analytical techniques (Halphin Tsai method) and FEM analysis and the results were found to be analogous.
A review of wear resistance materials used in power-screw mechanism for aerospace applications
Authors: Ujjwal KS , Sharath Chandra N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In today’s industrial requirement, good wear resistant materials with the same or better mechanical properties are the need of the hour. In the present paper, an actuator that is used to lift the load is under study. It uses a linear actuation mechanism involving a screw-like motion to lift the loads. It employs a stainless steel of high quality. Since there are various types of wearing involved in the system, choice of the materials becomes the prime factor for determining the maintenance cost and the cycle life of the actuator. There are many research advances made in this field which provides us with the best type of material for its particular type of job. The present paper discusses the materials that could be substituted in place of the existing material choice i.e., in place of AMS5659 and aluminium-bronze. The two materials stated above are known for its superior wear handling and excellent mechanical properties.
Reliability Failure in Microelectronic Interconnects by Electric Current Induced Chemical Reaction
Authors: Kumar S , Kumar P , Pratap R 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electric field-induced chemical reaction in Cr thin film by a micro/nano-probe has been recently reported with detailed characterization. Although the phenomenon is employed for micro-nano fabrication, this can act as a reliability failure, where Cr is used as an adhesion layer or main interconnects in microelectronic circuits. Here, we present an investigation on the role of electric current density for such failure using a specifically designed sample. A 100 μm width and 100 nm thin Cr film is deposited perpendicular to the Pt film of similar dimensions. The anode probe (20 μm diameter) is positioned onto the Pt film, whereas the cathode probe onto the Cr film. It is observed that the chemical reaction, for an applied voltage, initiates at the edge of the Pt film and not at the cathode probe. The localized chemical reaction causes to damage the interconnection line. The analysis based on the COMSOL multiphysics simulation illustrates that the chemical reaction evolves at the high current density locations. The study also builds a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of evolution of patterning by electric field-induced chemical reactions.
Senescence in chronic wounds and potential targeted therapies
Authors: Wei Xuerong , Li Minxiong , Zheng Zijun , Ma Jun , Gao Yanbin , Chen Lianglong , Peng Yujie , Yu Shengxiang , Yang Lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chronic wounds (e.g. diabetic wounds, pressure wounds, vascular ulcers, etc.) do not usually heal in a timely and orderly manner but rather last for years and may lead to irreversible adverse events, resulting in a substantial financial burden for patients and society. Recently, a large amount of evidence has proven that cellular senescence has a crucial influence on chronic nonhealing wounds. As a defensive mechanism, cell senescence is a manner of cell-cycle arrest with increased secretory phenotype to resist death, preventing cells from stress-induced damage in cancer and noncancer diseases. A growing amount of research has advanced the perception of cell senescence in various chronic wounds and focuses on pathological and physiological processes and therapies targeting senescent cells. However, previous reviews have failed to sum up novel understandings of senescence in chronic wounds and emerging strategies targeting senescence. Herein, we discuss the characteristics and mechanisms of cellular senescence and the link between senescence and chronic wounds as well as some novel antisenescence strategies targeting other diseases that may be applied for chronic wounds.
Telemedicine Technologies
Authors: Smith Dean L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of telemedicine technologies, including hardware, software and peripheral devices, along with their use in emergency and other clinical settings. Telemedicine comes in many forms, reflecting the complex ways health care is delivered. The earliest examples of telemedicine were simply phone calls between clinicians. Now, telemedicine encompasses live videoconferences involving the full spectrum of stakeholders in the health care continuum, a wide array of diagnostic devices, as well as an ever increasing number of patient-driven modalities. Lessons learned from the implementation of telemedicine technologies and a checklist of factors for clinicians and health care administrators to consider prior to deploying telehealth solutions are included at the end of the chapter.
Telestroke and Teleneurology
Authors: Gross Hartmut , Switzer Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Evaluation and treatment of acute stroke is the oldest and most widespread application of telemedicine. Telestroke systems allow provision of the same high quality of care provided at specialized stroke centers to patients at emergency departments without stroke coverage. The early treatment achieved with telestroke leads to better functional outcomes in stroke patients, thereby lowering overall cost of patient care. Telestroke networks facilitate optimal care, decrease hospital and physician liability, educate health care professionals, and keep many patients closer to home. Admissions to, rather than transfers from, rural sites retain hospitalization revenues locally and help keep small, financially struggling hospitals viable.
Emergency Ocular Telehealth Services
Authors: Goodwin Anika , Khoo Chloe T. L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The availability of ocular telehealth services in the emergency department and urgent care center settings can facilitate the diagnosis and management of ocular complaints. While the start-up costs involving ophthalmic equipment and training modules may seem high, it is well worth the investment knowing that these services will increase patient satisfaction, improve overall clinical outcomes, and aid in the physician decision-making process in regard to patient transfers for eye emergencies. Although the majority of ophthalmic urgencies can be managed as outpatient, true ophthalmic emergencies may require more immediate evaluation in order to preserve good visual outcome. Gaps in the availability of ophthalmologists needed for the immediate evaluation of eye emergencies can be filled by the implementation of ocular telehealth.
Teletriage
Authors: Laghezza Matthew , Greenwald Peter , Booker Ethan , Mishkin David , Sharma Rahul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Under the Emergency Medicine Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), every patient who presents to an emergency department must receive a Medical Screening Exam (MSE). One approach to meet EMTALA MSE requirements has been the provider in triage (PIT) model. In most PIT models, an advanced practice provider (APP) will obtain an accurate history along with performing a focused physical examination to expedite care for the patient. With telemedicine quickly becoming a mainstream method of health care delivery, many institutions are considering a combination of a PIT model with telemedicine to improve patient throughput.
Extending Care Team Access to Out-of-Hospital Settings via Telehealth
Authors: Wassenaar Denise , Knight Paul , Hanson Mark A. , Wessler Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the use of telehealth within out-of-hospital (OOH) settings, comprising skilled nursing facilities, home care, independent and assisted living, and palliative care. The transition to value-based care is discussed within the context of its applicability to these OOH settings. As health care focuses on cost containment while still providing quality care, providers are turning to the use of telehealth to improve the management of care of seniors living in both community and residential settings. The role of the emergency physician, through telehealth, is introduced as an addition to the interdisciplinary health team in meeting the goal of avoiding unnecessary emergency department visits, often resulting in hospitalization. As the adoption of telehealth grows, benefits are documented, and payment challenges are overcome, the hope is that it becomes another solution to deliver efficient and cost-effective health care, particularly in OOH settings.
Direct-to-Consumer or On-Demand Telehealth
Authors: Joshi Aditi U. , Waller Sylvan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Direct-to-consumer (DTC) or on-demand telehealth describes a patient-initiated medical encounter using technology in real time—mostly related to acute care or urgent complaints. Initially created and offered by private companies, DTC telehealth is now more ubiquitous, as it has been offered by hospitals, medical centers, multi-specialty practices, and insurers. On-demand telehealth services are implemented in an effort to increase health care access, improve satisfaction and efficiency, as well as drive new revenue. This chapter outlines the types of DTC telehealth, considerations when conducting a needs assessments, implementation, business models, and quality assurance.
Emerging and Innovative Technologies
Authors: Aalam Ahmad A. , Tarassoli Sam P. , Drury Damien J. , Carayannis Elias G. , Meltzer Andrew C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To provide acute unscheduled care 24 hours per day and 7 days per week is the core mission of emergency medicine. Emergency telehealth is evolving in scope and complexity, no longer constraining care by the walls of the emergency department (ED). Current audio- and video-based communications will advance to support a complex interplay between enhanced video communication, remote patient monitoring, augmented reality, and machine learning. Many of these technologies already exist or are under development for near-term implementation. For those deploying or planning the deployment of emergency telehealth services, this chapter highlights near-term technologies and applications to be considered.
The basics
Authors: Gupta Sunanda , Holloway Debra , Chrimes Jenny 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers the basic knowledge required for good care of the woman. It explains the reproductive anatomy, the menstrual cycle, and the physiology of conception. It then describes history taking and physical examinations associated with women’s health, diagnostic tests, consent and confidentiality, and taking good records. General processes, including infection control, health and safety control of hazardous substances, adult safeguarding, disability, and domestic abuse are all covered. Finally risk management and clinical governance are explained.
Menstrual and bleeding disorders
Authors: Gale Katherine , Kubba Ali , Holloway Debra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers disorders of the menstrual cycle and associated bleeding disorders. It starts with the definitions, assessment, and diagnosis of menorrhagia, its causes, and different medical and surgical treatments. It also covers the assessment and treatment of dysmenorrhoea, pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS), and inter-menstrual bleeding. Subsequently post-coital bleeding assessment and investigations are detailed, along with post-menopausal bleeding.