bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O apelo ao pathos em textos e a modalidade argumentativa patêmica
Authors: De Oliveira Rafael Lima , Cavalcante Mônica Magalhães , Da Silveira Geana Barbosa 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a modalidade patêmica e suas possibilidades de atualização em distintas interações. Na modalidade patêmica, para Amossy (2008), um ponto de vista é apresentado de modo a sensibilizar o auditório para obter sua adesão. Apesar de essencial para essa modalidade, o apelo ao pathos, nas diversas situações enunciativas, nem sempre corresponde a uma modalidade: por vezes, é apenas uma estratégia dentro de qualquer texto, de qualquer modalidade. Em busca de levantar considerações sobre a modalidade patêmica, analisamos textos nos quais possa ser evidenciado o apelo ao pathos. Tencionamos refletir sobre quais traços poderiam particularizar essa modalidade.
Pequenas cidades, problemas urbanos e participação social na perspectiva da população local
Authors: Soares de Franca Iara 
Published: July 2021

As cidades são um produto histórico resultante de ações de agentes diversos com transformações de múltiplas naturezas, instrisecas ao capitalismo. De um ambiente natural para o construído, as cidades se materializam como espaços de adensamento populacional, de recursos econômicos e infraestrutura. Essas mudanças alteram nas diversas escalas geográficas de análise a morfologia, a dinâmica, a estrutura e a qualidade de vida da população urbana. Assim, este artigo aborda, na perspectiva da população local, os problemas urbanos em pequenas cidades na região Norte de Minas e a participação desta no âmbito do processo de planejamento urbano. As populações buscam a melhoria das condições de suas vidas: infraestrutura e equipamentos, emprego, escolas, saúde, transporte, lazer, segurança, entre outras. A pesquisa é quali-quantitativa e foi realizada por meio da aplicação de questionários junto à população urbana de 19 municípios da mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais. Os dados obtidos revelam que a percepção da população sobre as suas condições de vida no município estão associadas, aos problemas relativos à infraestrutura, desemprego, serviços de saúde e investimentos no município.
Palavras-chave: Pequenas Cidades; Problemas Urbanos; Participação Social, Planejamento Urbano.
Comparative Analysis of Theoretical and Empirical Data of Synthetic Cannabinoids
Authors: Abdulsalami I O 
Published: July 2021

Comparative studies of spectroscopic data of indol-3-carboxylates and indazole-3-carboxylates are reported from theoretical and empirical viewpoints. Structures of indol-3-carboxylates and indazole-3-carboxylates were modeled; quantum chemical method was employed to investigate the spectroscopic (NMR and FT-IR) properties of the structures. The results obtained from the theoretical studies were compared to empirical results obtained for the spectroscopic properties of these compounds and level of agreement (or disagreement) between the results for the two studies are reported. The scope of the study is limited to the modeling, structural, and electronic and spectroscopic analyses of the modeled structures and comparative analysis of the theoretical data with published experimental data. The absorption transitions were calculated from the optimized geometry in the ground state (S0) using TD-B3LYP/6-31G**. The energy band gaps calculated showed that Naphthalene-1-yl 1â€“(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate (M5) has the lowest band gap energy, which may have a substantial influence on the intramolecular charge transfer and bioactivity of the molecule. The 13C and 1HNMR chemical shifts calculated at ab initio and DFT agreed with the experimental data. DFT/6-311G** has the best correlation with fitting factor 0.9956.Thus the chemical shifts from DFT/6-311G** are very close to the experimental and can be used in the absence of experimental data. The vibrational frequency analyses by DFT/B3LYP method are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values.
Reliability and Comparison of Some GEANT4-DNA Processes and Models for Proton Transportation: An Ultra-Thin Layer Study
Authors: Hoff Gabriela , S. Thomaz Raquel , I. Gutierres Leandro , Muller Sven , Fanti Viviana , E. Streck Elaine , M. Papaleo Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

This chapter presents a specific reliability study of some GEANT4-DNA (version 10.02.p01) processes and models for proton transportation considering ultra-thin layers (UTL). The Monte Carlo radiation transport validation is fundamental to guarantee the simulation results accuracy. However, sometimes this is impossible due to the lack of experimental data and, it is then that the reliability evaluation takes an important role. Geant4-DNA runs in an energy range that makes impossible, nowadays, to perform a proper microscopic validation (cross-sections and dynamic diffusion parameters) and allows very limited macroscopic reliability. The chemical damage cross-sections reliability (experiment versus simulation) is a way to verify the consistency of the simulation results which is presented for 2 MeV incident protons beam on PMMA and PVC UTL. A comparison among different Geant4-DNA physics lists for incident protons beams from 2 to 20 MeV, interacting with homogeneous water UTL (2 to 200 nm) was performed. This comparison was evaluated for standard and five other optional physics lists considering radial and depth profiles of deposited energy as well as number of interactions and stopping power of the incident particle.
Elementos fundamentales para el cuidado en guarderías privadas cubanas: perspectiva desde la enfermeira
Authors: Esperón Julia Maricela Torres , Pérez José Martín Medina , González Carilaudy Enriquez 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: explorar experiencias de enfermeras que laboran en guarderías estatales acerca de los elementos fundamentales que deben ser considerados para ejercer los cuidados en las guarderías privadas cubanas. Método: estudio cualitativo de tipo exploratorio realizado en octubre de 2020, con 15 enfermeras que laboran en guarderías estatales del municipio Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, Cuba. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante dos grupos focales; las narrativas fueron procesadas mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: emergieron cinco categorías: alimentación del niño, preparación para el cuidado, control de la salud de las cuidadoras, ambientes saludables para el cuidado y horarios de vida. Conclusão: se destaca la preparación de alimentos y dieta; así como de cuidadoras, que deberían recibir algún tipo de certificación y tecnologías para la capacitación; se recomienda la limpeza, ventilación, iluminación, observar riesgos de accidentes; los horarios de vida y su vínculo con el desarrollo físico, psicomotor, social y afectivo infantes.
En la quebrá del ají. Rock en Chile en tiempos de revolución, 1967, 1973
Authors: Albornoz Cuevas César Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

En tiempos de reforma y revolución que condujeron a una vía chilena al socialismo, experimentada históricamente por el proyecto de la Unidad Popular entre los años 1970 y 1973, un genero musical se transformó en experiencia cultural, rimando su origen, consolidación y construcción de identidad nacional, con el proceso de progresiva construcción de un Chile socialista. Conviviendo con una escena musical donde la Nueva Canción Chilena era hegemónica en cuanto representativa de política contingente, el rock irrumpió como un experiencia social relevante. Con antecedentes hacia mediados de la década de 1950 en cuanto a recepción social, y de finales de la misma en cuanto interpretación musical, el Rock se transformó en el tiempo de la revolución chilena en una manifestación propiamente nacional, en vestigio digno de atender para la comprensión cabal de la historia chilena durante el período señalado, y en una de las expresiones culturales más interesantes desde aquel tiempo y hasta el presente, en cuanto representación simbólica de su correspondiente acontecer social.
Brain derived neurotrophic factor declines after complete curative resection in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Guzel Tomasz , Mech Katarzyna , Iwanowska Marzena , Wroński Marek , Słodkowski Maciej 
Published: July 2021

Background
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin involved in neural and metabolic diseases, but it is also one of the crucial factors in cancer development and metastases. In the current study, we investigated serum BDNF concentrations in patients that underwent surgical treatment for colorectal cancer or pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Serum BDNF concentrations were measured with standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, before and on the third day after the operation, in 50 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer and 25 patients with pancreatic cancer (tumours in the head of pancreas). We compared pre- and postoperative BDNF levels, according to the subsequent TNM stage, histologic stage, lymph node involvement, neuro- or angio-invasion, and resection range.

Results
In the pancreatic cancer group, BDNF concentrations fell significantly postoperatively (p = 0.011). In patients that underwent resections, BDNF concentrations fell (p = 0.0098), but not in patients that did not undergo resections (i.e., laparotomy alone). There were significant pre- and postoperative differences in BDNF levels among patients with (p = 0.021) and without (p = 0.034) distant metastases. Significant reductions in BDNF were observed postoperatively in patients with small tumours (i.e., below the median size; p = 0.023), in patients with negative angio- or lymphatic invasion (p = 0.028, p = 0.011, respectively), and in patients with lymph node ratios above 0.17 (p = 0.043). In the colon cancer group, the serum BDNF concentrations significantly fell postoperatively in the entire group (p = 0.0076) and in subgroups of patients with or without resections (p = 0.034, p = 0.0179, respectively). Significant before-after differences were found in subgroups with angioinvasions (p = 0.050) and in those without neuroinvasions (p = 0.049). Considering the TNM stages, the postoperative BDNF concentration fell in groups with (p = 0.0218) and without (p = 0.034) distant metastases and in patients with tumours below the median size (p = 0.018).

Conclusion
Our results suggested that BDNF might play an important role in gastrointestinal cancer development. BDNF levels were correlated with tumour volume, and with neuro-, angio- and lymphatic invasions. In pancreatic cancer, BDNF concentrations varied according to the surgical procedure and they fell significantly after tumour resections. Thus, BDNF may serve as a potential marker of complete resections in underdiagnosed patients. However, this hypothesis requires further investigation. In contrast, no differences according to the procedure was made in patients with colon cancer.
Knowledge and Misperception of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among the Primary School Teachers of Vadodara District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Chhasatia Anupsinh H , Kataria Lakhan R , Kataria Induben R 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders of childhood. Teachers can play a key role in identifying and supporting students with ADHD. In order to fulfill this important role, teachers must have explicit knowledge about ADHD. Teachers are seen as one of the most valuable sources of information concerning the referral and diagnosis of ADHD. They also have the responsibility for creating an environment conducive to academic, social, and emotional success for children with ADHD. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and misperceptions of ADHD of primary school teachers in the Vadodara district of Gujarat, India.
Materials & Methods: Total 491 school teachers participated in the study. The Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS) along with a demographic questionnaire was used as the survey instruments to collect data. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests were used to analyze the data.
Result: Results indicated that teachers’ knowledge of ADHD was insufficient. A significant difference in knowledge was found between Urban & Rural (0.00429); Gujarati & English medium school teachers (p=0.0013); Government & private school teachers (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Lack of knowledge & prevalence of misperception is obvious in primary school teachers who are the first responders of such patients (kids). Improving teachers’ standards & understanding can help significantly in early diagnosis & improving the outcome.
What are the demographic consequences of a seed bank stage for columnar cacti?
Authors: Arroyo‐Cosultchi Gabriel , Golubov Jordan , Mandujano María C. , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Martínez Armando J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of plant populations are often limited by the early stages in their life cycles. However, information regarding seed bank dynamics and how these may influence the whole life cycle of plant species is remarkably scarce or not considered explicitly. This lack of knowledge is due mainly to the challenges in quantifying seed vital rates. Studies of arid land plant species have historically been focused on the drivers of sporadic recruitment. However, little attention has been given to the demographic consequences of early developmental stages, and how seed banks affect their dynamics. Here, we evaluate the effects of seed bank survival and seedling recruitment vital rates on the population dynamics and viability of 12 columnar cacti species. Recent evidence suggests that cacti seeds may remain viable for the short‐term. We assess how changes in the vital rates of these processes and the inclusion of a seed bank affect population growth rate (λ). We found that a seed bank in the examined matrix population models significantly increased λ as well as the vital rate elasticities of λ to growth and fecundity, whereas that of overall survival decreased. Our numerical simulations showed that seed survival had a more considerable effect on λ than seedling recruitment and establishment. We suggest that the seed bank may explain the structure and population dynamics. Thus, we reconsider that this early stage in demographic models will generate more informed decisions on the conservation and management of columnar cacti.
Fixed time synchronization of delayed chaotic neural networks by using active adaptive control
Authors: Su Haipeng , Luo Runzi , Fu Jiaojiao , Huang Meichun 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis article aims to investigate the fixed time synchronization of a class of chaotic neural systems by way of adaptive control method. Using Lyapunov stability theory, a new fixed time stability theorem which plays an important role on the synchronization scheme is presented at first. Then, combining the fixed time stability theorem and adaptive control technique, an adaptive control scheme has been developed to achieve the fixed time synchronization of chaotic neural systems. The proposed controllers assure the global convergence of the error dynamics in fixed‐time based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy cannot only provide a fast convergence rate, but also afford a bounded convergence time which is unrelated to the initial values and easy to work out by using the simple time calculation formula. Finally, numerical simulations are presented by taking a typical two‐order chaotic neural system as an example to verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Activated Hoveyda‐Grubbs Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Derived from a Large Scale Produced Pharmaceutical Intermediate – Sildenafil Aldehyde
Authors: Monsigny Louis , Piątkowski Jakub , Trzybiński Damian , Woźniak Krzysztof , Nienałtowski Tomasz , Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo EWG‐activated Hoveyda‐Grubbs‐type ruthenium complexes (Sil‐II and Sil‐II’) were obtained, characterized, and screened in a set of olefin metathesis reactions. These catalysts were conveniently synthesized from a commercially available pharmaceutical building block – Sildenafil aldehyde – in two steps only. Stability and catalytic activity tests disclosed that the bulkier NHC‐ligand bearing catalyst Sil‐II’ is visibly more stable and productive than its smaller NHC‐analogue Sil‐II. Good application profile of catalyst Sil‐II’ was confirmed in a set of diverse metathesis reactions including ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) and cross‐metathesis (CM) of complex polyfunctional substrates of medicinal chemistry interest, including a challenging macrocyclization of the Pacritinib precursor. Compatibility of the new catalyst with various green solvents was checked and metathesis of Sildenafil and Tadalafil‐based substrates was successfully conducted in acetone. The mechanism of Sil‐II’ initiation has been investigated through kinetic experiments unveiling that the decrease of the steric hindrance of the chelating alkoxy moiety (from iPrO to EtO) favors the interchange initiation pathway over the typical dissociation pathway for other popular 2nd generation Hoveyda‐Grubbs catalysts.magnified image
Construction of Enantioenriched 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridines through a Multicatalytic Sequence Merging Gold and Amine Catalysis
Authors: Genet Manon , Takfaoui Abdelilah , Marrot Jérôme , Greck Christine , Moreau Xavier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA series of enantioenriched 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridines were accessed by a cycloisomerization/cycloaddition strategy. Starting from ynamide derivatives and aldehydes, yields ranging from 27 to 90% and high levels of stereoselectivity (de>95%, 93–99% ee) were obtained through sequential relay catalysis. The concurrent use of a gold complex with a diphenylprolinol silyl ether was applied to a combination of diversely functionalized substrates.magnified image
Grain yield response to stubble leaf blade clipping in rice ratooning in southwestern Japan
Authors: Nakano Hiroshi , Tanaka Ryo , Nakagomi Koji , Hakata Makoto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) ratooninghas recently attracted attention due to its higher yield potential compared with that of conventional methods. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effect of rice type (Hokuriku 193 and high‐yielding line [HYL]) and stubble leaf treatment (clipping and control) on the grain yields of the first and second crops in rice ratooning. In 2019, both rice types produced lower grain yields of the second crop in the leaf clipping treatment than the control treatment due to the lower spikelet number m−2. Therefore, increasing the leaf area index (LAI) in the stubble may improve the grain yield of the second crop by increasing the spikelet number per area. In 2020, HYL produced a lower grain yield of the second crop in the leaf clipping treatment than the control treatment due to the lower spikelet number m−2. However, the grain yields of Hokuriku 193 did not differ between the two leaf clipping treatments. Although the nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content in the stubble did not differ between the two rice types in 2019, Hokuriku 193 had a higher NSC content than HYL in 2020 due to the lower spikelet number m−2 and lower percentage of filled spikelets of the first crop. These results suggest that the stubble leaf blade contribution may be reduced when the NSC content is high as the leaf blades may compensate for the lack of NSC content when the NSC content is low.
Agriculture leaders identify critical issues facing crop production
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Randall Nekeshia L. , Sherrier Janine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBased on global population projections, the need for sustainable food production is paramount and the work of crop and soil science industries is foundational to the health and vitality of the world's population now and to come. Expert knowledge can inform how to maintain healthy, effective, efficient, and profitable standards in an industry that is obligated to be sustained. The current study used the Delphi Technique and the constant comparative method to gain consensus from a panel of crop and soil sciences experts and practitioners about the most critical issues currently facing industries related to crop and soil sciences. Results highlighted eight main categories (alphabetically ordered) pertaining to: (1) chemical usage, (2) climate and environmental factors, (3) current and future workforce training, (4) economic sustainability, (5) public understanding of production practices, (6) research and collaboration, (7) seed and food quality control, and (8) soil health and water usage. Expert insight into these areas can offer necessary foresight as practitioners and researchers alike prepare for the future of the discipline. Implications of the findings are discussed and applied to the current state of the field.
A novel likely pathogenic heterozygous HECW2 missense variant in a family with variable expressivity of neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and epileptiform EEG patterns
Authors: Heide Ev‐Christin , Puk Oliver , Biskup Saskia , Krahn Arne , Rauf Erik , Kreilkamp Barbara A. K. , Paulus Walter , Focke Niels K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPathogenic variants in HECW2 are extremely rare. So far, only 19 cases have been reported. They were associated with epilepsy, intellectual disability, absent language, hypotonia, and autism. As these cases were all de novo mutations, mostly presenting without identical variants, variable expressivity has never been investigated. Here, we describe the first family with the same novel variant in HECW2. A 19‐year old female patient presented with bursts of generalized spike–wave discharges and intellectual disability. We performed next‐generation‐sequencing, to detect the genetic cause. Next‐generation‐sequencing revealed a novel likely pathogenic variant in HECW2 (c.3571C>T; p.Arg1191Trp) in the index patient, her mother and brother. They showed some similar phenotypic patterns with intellectual disability, hypotonia and generalized epileptiform patterns. However, the mother was less severely affected and epileptiform patterns were less frequent. The brother presented with additional autistic features. In contrast to previous cases, the speech of all individuals was only mildly impaired. This is the first case report of a family with the same novel likely pathogenic variant in HECW2 and as such provides insight into the phenotypic variability of this mutation. The expressivity of symptoms may be so mild that genetic and EEG analysis are needed to disclose the correct diagnosis.