bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic dilemma of bilateral optic neuritis and idiopathic intracranial hypertension coexistence in a patient with recent COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Sardar Sundus , Safan Abeer , Okar Lina , Sadik Nagham , Adeli Gholam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOwing to autoantibody production and thrombophilic disorders in COVID‐19, physicians must have low threshold to investigate secondary IIH and demyelinating disorders in patients with headache and decreased vision following recent COVID‐19 infection.
Life‐threatening oral mucositis following chemotherapy in a pediatric patient
Authors: Tsuboi Kaoru , Tsuboi Norihiko , Sakamoto Kenichi , Takebayashi Akira , Tomizawa Daisuke , Nishimura Nao , Nakagawa Satoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSevere oral mucositis as a complication of chemotherapy may lead to airway obstruction and require prolonged intubation. As its course is consistent with the course of neutropenia, airway management strategies should be determined individually.
Rb[Li5Si2O7] – A Latecomer in the Family of Alkali Lithosilicates Hiding a Green‐Emitting Lithosilicate
Authors: Ruegenberg Freia , Seibald Markus , Baumann Dominik , Peschke Simon , Philipp Frauke , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to expand the field of alkali lithosilicates, a new representative of the substance class with a previously unknown structure type was found based on solid‐state synthesis. The novel compound with the sum formula Rb[Li5Si2O7] crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm (no. 57) with a=7.6269(3), b=9.5415(4), and c=9.4095(3) Å by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure consists of a highly condensed lithosilicate framework, built up of corner‐ and edge‐linked [LiO4]‐tetrahedra and [Si2O7]‐units, and the rubidium ions aligned in channels. Suitable crystals of the material were obtained using sealed tantalum ampoules as reaction tube at a temperature of 750 °C. The new compound was further characterized via powder diffraction, Rietveld analysis, and EDX measurements. At first glance, Eu2+‐doped Rb[Li5Si2O7] reveals an intense green luminescence. In‐depth crystal analysis shows that a core‐shell formation is present even for apparently high quality single‐crystals. As a minority phase, the known green phosphor RbLi[Li3SiO4]2:Eu2+ is the origin of the luminescence, representing a tiny core inside of the particles surrounded by a large matrix of transparent Rb[Li5Si2O7] dominating the single‐crystal diffraction pattern.
Dual Valorization of Lignin as a Versatile and Renewable Matrix for Enzyme Immobilization and (Flow) Bioprocess Engineering
Authors: Benítez‐Mateos Ana I. , Bertella Stefania , Behaghel de Bueren Jean , Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Paradisi Francesca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLignin has emerged as an attractive alternative in the search for more eco‐friendly and less costly materials for enzyme immobilization. In this work, the terephthalic aldehyde‐stabilization of lignin is carried out during its extraction to develop a series of functionalized lignins with a range of reactive groups (epoxy, amine, aldehyde, metal chelates). This expands the immobilization to a pool of enzymes (carboxylase, dehydrogenase, transaminase) by different binding chemistries, affording immobilization yields of 64–100 %. As a proof of concept, a ω‐transaminase reversibly immobilized on polyethyleneimine‐lignin is integrated in a packed‐bed reactor. The stability of the immobilized biocatalyst is tested in continuous‐flow deamination reactions and maintains the same conversion for 100 cycles. These results outperform previous stability tests carried out with the enzyme covalently immobilized on methacrylic resins, with the advantage that the reversibility of the immobilized enzyme allows recycling and reuse of lignin beyond the enzyme inactivation. Additionally, an in‐line system also based on lignin is added into the downstream process to separate the reaction products by catch‐and‐release. These results demonstrate a fully closed‐loop sustainable flow‐biocatalytic system based exclusively on lignin.
Spatial and temporal scales of exposure and sensitivity drive mortality risk patterns across life stages
Authors: Pandori Lauren L. M. , Sorte Cascade J. B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImpacts of increases in extreme heat events under climate change may differ across ontogeny for species with complex life cycles. Different life stages may (1) experience unequal levels of environmental stress that vary across space and time (exposure) and (2) have different stress tolerances (sensitivity). We used a field experiment to investigate whether exposure, sensitivity, and overall mortality risk differed between life stages of a marine foundation species (the mussel Mytilus californianus) across thermal conditions that vary in space (habitat, elevation, and site) and time (season) in southern California, USA. We deployed temperature loggers to document habitat‐specific exposure patterns, conducted laboratory thermal tolerance assays to calculate sensitivity, and performed field surveys to determine whether risk patterns were reflected in distributions. Exposure to extreme temperatures was highest in solitary habitats and during spring. Juvenile mussels were more sensitive to extreme heat than adults, and sensitivity for both life stages was highest in December and March. Risk was largely seasonal for juveniles but was more temporally variable for adults. Spatial occurrence patterns were congruent with risk assessments for both life stages (i.e., higher occurrence in lower risk habitats). These results highlight the importance of incorporating life stage and temporal dynamics when predicting impacts of climate change.
Comparison of mechanical sorting and DNA metabarcoding for diet analysis with fresh and degraded wolf scats
Authors: Massey Aimee L. , Roffler Gretchen H. , Vermeul Tessa , Allen Jennifer M. , Levi Taal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDNA metabarcoding has become a powerful technique for identifying the species present in a bulk environmental sample. The application of DNA metabarcoding to wildlife diet analysis is a particularly promising tool for exploring trophic interactions. The extent to which molecular approaches agree with traditional approaches, and how this varies with the quality of field‐collected scats, is unknown. Here, we compare diets from wolf scats profiled using both mechanical sorting and metabarcoding of amplified vertebrate DNA sequences. Our objectives were to (1) compare findings from mechanical sorting and metabarcoding as a method of diet profiling and (2) use results to better understand diets of wolves on Prince of Wales Island, a population of conservation concern. We predicted metabarcoding would reveal both higher diversity of prey and identify rare species that are overlooked with mechanical sorting. We found that there was substantial overlap in the diets revealed using both methods, indicating that deer, beaver, and black bear were the primary prey species, but metabarcoding revealed a more diverse diet with greater occurrence of rare species. However, there was a large discrepancy in the occurrence of beaver in scats (52% and 25% from mechanical sorting and metabarcoding, respectively) explained by the high rate of false positives with mechanical sorting methods. While the number of wolf sequence reads for fresh scats was nearly eight times higher than in degraded scats, neither the number of prey sequence reads nor the quantity of DNA to be sequenced varied between fresh and degraded scats suggesting that metabarcoding is sensitive enough to determine prey assemblages in degraded scats. Even using scats from extremely wet conditions hostile to DNA preservation, we found that metabarcoding was more effective than mechanical sorting in describing diet.
Estimating the proportion of a beluga population using specific areas from connectivity patterns and abundance indices
Authors: Ouellet Jean‐François , Michaud Robert , Moisan Michel , Lesage Véronique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn understanding of habitat use and connectivity is key to preserving wildlife habitat integrity. In this study, we present an innovative approach to habitat connectivity and quantitative assessment of their use that is applicable to any terrestrial or aquatic species. Specifically, we aimed at estimating the proportion of the St. Lawrence Estuary beluga population (Canada) likely to use specific habitats within their summer range from habitat connectivity. To achieve this goal, we used a long‐term (~30 yr) observational database of beluga herd movements to derive transit corridor and an index of connectivity among habitats. These were then coupled with relative abundance estimates from aerial surveys for each of these habitats. Specifically, our objectives were to (1) verify the existence and location of transit corridors, (2) examine the effect of environmental factors on movement patterns and corridor routes, (3) describe their use by different age classes, and (4) based on connectivity patterns, determine the proportion of the population likely to transit along these corridors and to be present in each habitat. Our results highlighted the existence of a network of transit corridors among habitats that are connected to a central confluence zone, and expanding with three main branches into the three main regions of their summer range (Upper and Lower Estuary, and Saguenay River). They also highlighted the existence of a spatial segregation of sex and age classes in the population. Previously published aerial survey data indicate that on average, <6% of the population can be found within the limits of each habitat at any given time. Using this information within the framework of habitat connectivity provided a minimum estimate of the proportion of the population likely to visit each habitat, with minimum proportions reaching 45% in habitats of the central confluence zone (Île Rouge area). While we detected no evidence of an influence of bottom depth on corridor routes, we identified a tendency of beluga for moving with surface and ebb tide currents. The application of this approach to beluga and other wildlife populations will contribute to better assessing their potential exposure to natural or human‐related stressors.
The limits of collaborative governance: The role of inter‐group learning and trust in the case of the Estonian “Forest War”
Authors: Vihma Peeter , Toikka Arho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite the reported success of introducing collaborative governance to the field of Estonian forest policy, conflicts over regulations escalated to an unprecedented extent in 2017. We analyze the institutional design and process of collaborative governance in this area in order to understand the reasons behind the failure of this governance arrangement. Our empirical analysis is based on a mixed methods approach combining network analysis with qualitative analysis of interview data. Our analysis reveals that the collaborative institutions were unable to generate shared understanding of the mission and the ground rules of decision‐making, provided uneven facilitation, failed to build trust, and thus were unable to establish an arena conducive to learning. We further stress the role of network methods in capturing adequate information from an institutional setting involving multiple participants.
The Role of Source-Sink Dynamics in the Assessment of Risk to Nontarget Arthropods from the Use of Plant Protection Products
Authors: Lewis Gavin , Dinter Axel , Elston Charlotte , Marx Michael Thomas , Mayer Christoph Julian , Neumann Paul , Pilling Ed , Braaker Sonja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The concept of source-sink dynamics as a potentially important component of metapopulation dynamics was introduced in the 1980s. The objective of the present review was to review the considerable body of work that has been developed, to consider its theoretical implications as well as to understand how source-sink dynamics may manifest under field conditions in the specific case of nontarget arthropods in the agricultural environment. Our review concludes that metapopulation dynamics based on field observations are often far more complex than existing theoretical source-sink models would indicate, because they are dependent on numerous population processes and influencing factors. The difficulty in identifying and measuring these factors likely explains why empirical studies assessing source-sink dynamics are scarce. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of considering the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes when assessing the population dynamics of nontarget arthropods in the context of the risk from the use of plant protection products. A need is identified to further develop and thoroughly validate predictive population models, which can incorporate all factors relevant to a specific system. Once reliable predictive models for a number of representative nontarget arthropod species are available, they could provide a meaningful tool for refined risk evaluations (higher tier level risk assessment), addressing specific concerns identified at the initial evaluation stages (lower tier level risk assessment). Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2667–2679. © 2021 ERM, FMC, Syngenta, Bayer AG, BASF SE, Corteva agriscience. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Effect of the presence of amniotic fluid for optical transabdominal fetal monitoring using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Gunther Jacqueline , Jayet Baptiste , Jacobs Adam , Burke Ray , Kainerstorfer Jana M. , Andersson‐Engels Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbout a third of babies are delivered by Cesarean section. There has been an increase in maternal deaths during labor due to complications with subsequent births after a C‐section. Therefore, there is a clinical motivation to reduce the C‐section rate. Current techniques are, however, inefficient at determining fetal distress leading to a high false positive rate for complications and ultimately a C‐section. For the current study, Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate the amount of signal received on a model of a pregnant mother, as well as, the percent of the signal that comes from the fetal layer. Models with and without a 1 mm amniotic fluid were compared and showed differing trends.
Functional brain network topology across the menstrual cycle is estradiol dependent and correlates with individual well‐being
Authors: Liparoti Marianna , Troisi Lopez Emahnuel , Sarno Laura , Rucco Rosaria , Minino Roberta , Pesoli Matteo , Perruolo Giuseppe , Formisano Pietro , Lucidi Fabio , Sorrentino Giuseppe , Sorrentino Pierpaolo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe menstrual cycle (MC) is a sex hormone‐related phenomenon that repeats itself cyclically during the woman's reproductive life. In this explorative study, we hypothesized that coordinated variations of multiple sex hormones may affect the large‐scale organization of the brain functional network and that, in turn, such changes might have psychological correlates, even in the absence of overt clinical signs of anxiety and/or depression. To test our hypothesis, we investigated longitudinally, across the MC, the relationship between the sex hormones and both brain network and psychological changes. We enrolled 24 naturally cycling women and, at the early‐follicular, peri‐ovulatory, and mid‐luteal phases of the MC, we performed: (a) sex hormone dosage, (b) magnetoencephalography recording to study the brain network topology, and (c) psychological questionnaires to quantify anxiety, depression, self‐esteem, and well‐being. We showed that during the peri‐ovulatory phase, in the alpha band, the leaf fraction and the tree hierarchy of the brain network were reduced, while the betweenness centrality (BC) of the right posterior cingulate gyrus (rPCG) was increased. Furthermore, the increase in BC was predicted by estradiol levels. Moreover, during the luteal phase, the variation of estradiol correlated positively with the variations of both the topological change and environmental mastery dimension of the well‐being test, which, in turn, was related to the increase in the BC of rPCG. Our results highlight the effects of sex hormones on the large‐scale brain network organization as well as on their possible relationship with the psychological state across the MC. Moreover, the fact that physiological changes in the brain topology occur throughout the MC has widespread implications for neuroimaging studies.
Postoperative tonsil/adenoidectomy bleeding management in patients with diagnosed bleeding disorders
Authors: Pai Kavya , Desai Harsh , Stein Dagmar , Cole Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTonsil/adenoidectomy (T/A) is a commonly performed procedure with an average post‐tonsillectomy bleed (PTB) rate between 3 and 5%. Patients with bleeding disorders (BDs) are believed to have an increased risk of PTB. We hypothesize that our medical management of BD patients using a combination of DDAVP/antifibrinolytic agents has a similar PTB rate to control patients. This study suggests a standardized protocol for patients with BDs to avoid PTB.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was completed for patients with BD who underwent tonsillectomy or T/A at Promedica Toledo or Flower Hospital between 2013 and 2020. Exclusion criteria included incomplete records, diagnosis of BD after surgery, and inability to find age and sex matched control. We defined the control group as patients who underwent T/A without BD. The following variables were collected: age, sex, medical history, BD severity, medications, type of surgery, indication for surgery, estimated blood loss (EBL), pre/postoperative medications, PTB status, and post‐PTB intervention.ResultsA total of 164 patient charts were reviewed. There were 82 patients in both cohorts. The BDs represented were platelet function disorder (80.5%), von Willebrand disease (14.6%), and others such as Factor VII and IX deficiency (4.9%). Of the BD patients included, 13.4% had severe disease. There was no significant difference between the age, sex, EBL, and PTB rates. Of the 8 BD patients with PTB, 62% bled 9‐10 days postoperatively and none had severe disease.ConclusionOur protocol to prevent PTB in patients with BDs produced similar bleed rates to control patients in this study. Further studies are required to assess postoperative length of antifibrinolytic treatment in BD patients.Level of EvidenceIII.
Comparative Mortality of Juvenile Channel and Hybrid Catfish Exposed to Bolbophorus damnificus Cercariae
Authors: Gunn Mackenzie A. , Allen Peter J. , Graham Rosser T. , Wise David J. , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The trematode Bolbophorus damnificus (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) has caused significant economic losses since the late 1990s, with deleterious effects on production efficiency in farm-raised catfish. Previous work has demonstrated that even mild outbreaks, which may go unnoticed by producers, can result in over 60% reduction in net economic returns. Although transmission rates in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus) are similar in controlled studies, anecdotal industry reports imply that the impacts of B. damnificus on hybrid catfish are less severe. In this study, mortality in juvenile Channel and hybrid catfish exposed to B. damnificus was evaluated in two discrete, replicated infectivity challenges. Mortality curves in Channel and hybrid catfish were consistent with trends previously established for B. damnificus in Channel Catfish, although in both challenges cumulative mortality was significantly lower in hybrids. All exposed fish presented clinical signs consistent with B. damnificus infection—namely lethargy, exophthalmia, distended abdomens, and metacercariae grossly visible below the skin. No mortality occurred and no parasites were observed in control fish. The biological and economic implications of these findings on catfish production are unknown but suggest that hybrid catfish are less susceptible to the deleterious effects and reduced productivity elicited by B. damnificus in Channel Catfish.
The introduction of care robots as a leadership challenge in home care facilities in Finland
Authors: Rantanen Teemu , Leppälahti Teppo , Coco Kirsi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThis paper analyses the factors that influence home care employees’ intention to introduce robots.BackgroundThe introduction of different kinds of care robots is a topical issue in elderly care now and in the near future.MethodsCross‐sectional research conducted through a questionnaire. The survey data (N = 162) were collected in five locations around Finland in 2019. The analysis was carried out by regression analysis, Sobel test and by Hayes’ bootstrapping method.ResultsThe results show that self‐efficacy is pivotal in the willingness to introduce care robots. Employees’ age increases the enthusiasm to introduce robots but reduces self‐efficacy. Work engagement does not correlate with self‐efficacy or behavioural intention related to the introduction of care robots.ConclusionsThe present paper reveals the significance of attitudes, cognitive factors and age in the adoption of care robots in home care facilities.Practical implicationsIt is important to pay attention to supporting the employees’ sense of technology management and the construction of a robot‐positive atmosphere when introducing care robots, and the development of skills of older employees and employees with a lower educational level should be supported.
Cutaneous adverse events in children treated with vemurafenib for refractory BRAFV600E mutated Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Tardieu Mathilde , Néron Amélie , Duvert‐Lehembre Sophie , Amine Larabi Islam , Barkaoui Mohamed , Emile Jean‐Francois , Seigneurin Arnaud , Boralevi Franck , Donadieu Jean 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe somatic BRAFV600E mutation occurs in 38–64% of pediatric cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Vemurafenib (VMF), a BRAF inhibitor, was approved for refractory BRAFV600E mutated LCH. In adults, VMF causes frequent cutaneous adverse events (CAE) including skin tumors (squamous cell carcinomas, melanomas), but little is known in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency, clinical spectrum, and severity of CAEs in children treated with VMF for LCH. In addition, a correlation between CAE occurrence and VMF dose, residual plasma levels (RPLs), and efficacy was searched for.ProcedureMulticentric retrospective observational study including patients <18 years treated with VMF alone for refractory BRAFV600E mutated LCH in 13 countries between October 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018.ResultsFifty‐seven patients: 56% female, median age 2.1 years (0.2–14.6), median treatment duration 4.1 months (1.4–29.7). Forty‐one patients (72%) had at least one CAE: photosensitivity (40%), keratosis pilaris (32%), rash (26%), xerosis (21%), and neutrophilic panniculitis (16%). No skin tumor was observed. Five percent of CAEs were grade 3. None were grade 4 or led to permanent VMF discontinuation. Dose reduction was necessary for 12% of patients, temporary treatment discontinuation for 16%, none leading to loss of efficacy. VMF dose, median RPL, and efficacy were not correlated with CAE occurrence.ConclusionsAt doses used for pediatric LCH, CAEs are frequent but rarely severe and have little impact on the continuation of treatment when managed appropriately. Regular dermatological follow‐up is essential to manage CAEs and screen for possible induced skin tumors.