bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I’m Getting Older Too”: Challenges and Benefits Experienced by Very Old Parents and Their Children
Authors: Boerner Kathrin , K. Kim Yijung , Gallagher Elizabeth , Kim Kyungmin , Jopp Daniela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Very old parents and their “old” children are a growing group in industrialized countries worldwide. Since most very old persons have outlived spouses and friends, their children, many of whom have reached old age themselves, are likely to become their primary social contact and to shoulder the care provision role. However, virtually nothing is known about the nature and implications of this relationship constellation. To fill this gap, the present study explored the challenges and rewards of the very old parent-child relationship. In-depth interviews were conducted with 114 parent-child dyads (parent age ≥ 90; child age ≥ 65). Narrative interview data on challenges and rewards were audiotaped, transcribed, and then systematically reviewed and coded, identifying recurrent themes and defining categories that reflected these themes. While both challenges and rewards were present, more rewards than challenges were reported overall. However, comparing parent and child perspectives revealed that the balance of challenges and rewards was less favorable for children. Narrative data further showed that the sense of burdening their children heavily weighed on at least a fourth of parents, reflecting this as a serious concern not only for children but also for parents. Challenges reported by children were often characterized by references to children’s own advanced age and health problems, and the prolonged caregiving involvement due to their parents’ longevity. Healthcare professionals, policy makers, and families should be made aware of this increasingly common phenomenon, and specific services and policies will be needed to adequately support very old adults and their families.
'We Had More in Common Than I Thought': Scamming as an Undergraduate Service Learning Topic Involving Older Adults
Authors: Getz Marjorie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An ongoing activity that cuts across several courses in the Gerontology Certificate Program at our College is the completion of implicit association exercises focused on age. Most college students show a distinct preference for those who are younger adults. It is difficult to get across to these students that the construct of being an adult is appropriate for all people beyond adolescence without relevance to age. College students enrolled in healthcare programs often have distorted views of aging and may not fully appreciate that all adults may share common aspects of their current lives. We describe qualitative analyses of reflections taken from an undergraduate psychology course that included a service learning component involving older adult learners. The service learning lessons focused on victimization associated with fraud and scamming. The classroom structure involved round table discussions with direct contact between college students, older adults and local law enforcement personnel. Reflective practices were used to integrate course content (development in adulthood) into this service learning activity. We report on qualitative data taken from student reflections. Content analyses of reflective essays identified five themes which operated to produce stronger identification between age groups: frequency of being scammed across all 21 participants; insight that learning continues across the lifespan; understanding that broad learning challenges impact people (for different reasons) at both ends of the adult age spectrum; respect for adoption of strategies that facilitate learning/compensate for cognitive changes that occur with aging; acknowledgement that familiarity breaks down barriers between people.
A Massive Open Online Course to Educate Healthcare Professionals & Caregivers About Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: DiBartolo Mary 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Over 6 million Americans and 50 million persons worldwide are estimated to have Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as it remains the major cause of dementia in the older adult population. Both healthcare professionals and family caregivers struggle with the complexities of caring for individuals with this progressive neurological disease. To address the ongoing knowledge and care gap regarding Alzheimer’s disease among both healthcare professionals and family caregivers, a comprehensive massive open online course (MOOC) was developed and made available via the edX platform. MOOCs are open access and interactive courses offered via the web; they have emerged as a popular, self-paced mode of distance learning. Launched in 2020, the MOOC titled, Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia Care, consists of five modules reviewing symptoms, diagnosis, medications, communication and care tips, as well as a module outlining special considerations when the person with AD is hospitalized. While this educational strategy targets healthcare professionals (such as nurses, physical therapists and related practitioners), it is also designed for lay caregivers or anyone who wants to learn more the disease. The course utilizes a variety of teaching modalities and is free. To date over 7000 persons have enrolled from over 140 countries. MOOCs remain an innovative and engaging educational strategy to reach a global audience. More importantly, they can serve as an another outlet to enhance both the competence and confidence of both healthcare professionals and family caregivers by sharing best practices in caring for those with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
Moving Toward an Age-Friendly University: Survey Process of GSU 50+ Students
Authors: da Rosa Grace , Laures-Gore Jacqueline , Barber Sarah , Qureshi Mariam , Burgess Elisabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The proportion of Georgia’s population that is 60 years and older is growing rapidly. The 2010 U.S. Census Bureau predicted a growth of more than 20% of older adults by the year 2030. Georgia residents who are 62 and older are eligible to take courses at no or little cost at public state colleges. Due to the expected increase in Georgia’s aging population, access to a free university education, and the large number of currently enrolled 62+ students at Georgia State University (GSU), it is crucial that GSU become an Age-Friendly University. During Fall 2019, a survey was distributed to 1046 students aged 50 years plus; 411 completed the survey (39% response rate). This presentation describes the process involved in designing and distributing the survey. Unique aspects of the survey’s development include the cross-generational and interdisciplinary contributions of the student, faculty, affiliates, and staff from GSU’s Gerontology Institute. The goal was to learn more about GSU students 50 years and older by assessing their motivation for attending school, challenges on campus, perceptions of how the university is currently addressing their needs, factors/resources that have helped/are helping them to adjust to school, and the extent to which they experience age discrimination on campus. The long-term goal of the survey is to use this information to direct GSU in becoming an Age-Friendly University.
Now What? Maintaining Momentum after Achieving Designation as an Age-Friendly University
Authors: Martin Diane , Brandt Nicole , Orwig Denise , Resnick Barbara , Mansour Daniel , Galik Elizabeth , Schumacher John , Upton Meredith 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Age-Friendly University (AFU) designation in higher education recognizes the institution’s commitment to a culture of age-inclusivity across programs and policies. While AFU institutions are embracing the demographic shifts in higher education and society at-large, effectively responding to the needs and desires of an increasingly older population requires ongoing acceptance and support from campus leaders to maintain momentum and stay relevant within a dynamic field. This session will describe the intentional and systematic approach utilized by an AFU steering committee to build interest in and develop meaningful collaborations in multiple domains across campus, including at the level of the president. Our initiatives focus on five themes that align with the 10 age-friendly university principles: support for workforce development, broadening community engagement, expanding engagement in aging research and dissemination, addressing barriers related to aging and our physical environment, and facilitating age-friendly efforts across our state. We will present our experiences in expanding awareness of and support for the AFU movement on our campus and share a model for institutions seeking ideas for sustainability of their own initiatives.
Adapting the Environmental Scan for Gerontology Graduate Students’ Career Exploration
Authors: Sadeq Nasreen , Stanback Brianne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Environmental scanning is a process that provides organizations with information about their internal and external strengths, challenges, and opportunities. Although traditionally used in business and strategic planning, environmental scanning is now being utilized in health care to evaluate currently available programs and services, identify gaps in patient care or research, and make educational, organizational, and policy recommendations. The current study explores adapting the environmental scan for students enrolled in a gerontology graduate program as a tool to facilitate career exploration. Students learned about environmental scanning and were instructed to perform an environmental scan on an important issue, program, or service relevant to their overall career goals. Because students completed their environmental scan while enrolled in an Alzheimer’s Disease Management course, they were encouraged to factor in the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease into their project. Students’ environmental scan projects spanned several timely topics, including an evaluation of the services currently offered in assisted living facilities from the perspective of a geriatric social worker, a review of memory training interventions and a proposal for a new research study, and preliminary plans for opening an assisted living facility catering to older adults in the LGBTQ community that outlined financial considerations, staff training goals, and patient care plans. Completing the environmental scan project gave students an opportunity to investigate the current state of the career field they are planning to enter, and provided them with a product that they can build upon as they complete the graduate program and begin their careers.
Multi-method Examination of Elder Mistreatment in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Salari Sonia , Talboys Sharon , Fukushima Annie Isabel , Melton Heather , Michelle Seage , Petersen Megan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A multi-method study exposed COVID-19 influence on the pre-existing epidemic of elder mistreatment in Utah. We found changes in 1) abuse types, 2) service responses, 3) firearm access and 4) policy implications. Gun sales were tracked by news surveillance and FBI National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) for pre-pandemic (2018/2019) and pandemic years (2020/2021). New requests for permits skyrocketed during the pandemic. The 2021 Utah State Legislature loosened restrictions on concealed permits. Domestic violence (DV) Fatality Tracker Data in pre-covid years were compared to 2020-2021. A figure illustrates the prevalence of DV fatalities, ages of victims by year and methods used. We conducted 15 in-depth interviews of stake holders who serve DV victims (shelters, police, etc.). DV shelters had a relative lack of children during the pandemic, but increased use by older persons 60+. Susceptibility to chronic respiratory distress syndrome, required social distance for older persons. DV shelters obtained CARES Act funds to adapt solutions, like placing victims in hotel rooms. Most victims stayed at home, confined with abuser(s), some without technology, so isolation decreased their safety. Evidence suggests some fatalities among elder adults. A case study during the pandemic described a 73-year-old mother’s suspicious bank account activity. Bank employees sent police to her home. She was missing, but her co-resident adult son was in possession of her bank cards. She was later found in a shallow grave. Utah households have increased risks of DV fatalities in the wake of the pandemic and for years to come.
Age Group Differences in Response to Repeated Exposure to Laboratory Stress Tasks
Authors: Miller James , Luong Gloria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Research examining age differences in affect reactivity (i.e. how much affective experiences change in response to stressors) has produced mixed results, suggesting that there are areas of relative strength and weakness in regulatory processes across age-groups. The present study’s goals were to examine potential age-group differences in affect reactivity and subjective task-appraisals across repeated exposures to a psychosocial laboratory stressor. In the Health and Daily Experiences (HEADE) study, younger (18-35 years old; n=107) and older adults (60-90 years old; n=90) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test on three occasions in a laboratory setting over a five-day period. Current affective experiences and task-appraisals were assessed at each session using validated self-report scales, with current affective experiences measured at baseline and task periods to determine affect reactivity. Repeated measures ANOVA analyses were conducted to examine age-group differences in affect reactivity and task-appraisals across sessions. In support of our hypotheses, younger adults showed greater reductions in their negative affect reactivity over time compared to older adults [F(2, 390)= 8.18, p&lt;.001]. Additionally, younger adults’ appraisals of task-difficulty decreased [F(2, 384)= 14.79, p&lt;.001] and appraisals of task-performance increased [F(2,384)= 13.39, p&lt;.001] across sessions, while older adults’ task-appraisals remained stable. Age-group differences in negative affect reactivity and task-difficulty appraisals were not evident for the first session and only emerged after repeated exposure to the stressors. These results highlight the importance of identifying age-related vulnerabilities in adapting to repeated stressors, with implications for designing effective interventions aimed at improving health and well-being for older adults.
Facilators and Barriers to Advance Care Planning Engagement among Chronic Kidney Patients in Taiwan
Authors: Wang YuHsuan (Olivia) , Enguidanos Susan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients experience high rates of cognitive impairment and lower quality of life at end of life. Having an advance care planning (ACP) conversation is associated with better care at end of life and improved care consistency with patient preferences. Taiwan ranks highest in ESRD and dialysis incidence worldwide, highlighting the importance of ACP among this population. Since 2019, the Patient Autonomy Act entitled Taiwanese to engage in ACP, but strategies to promote its uptake and the role of healthcare providers and caregivers in ACP conversations remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate facilitators and barriers to ACP engagment among Taiwanese with kidney disease and their caregivers. In 2020, we recruited 18 adults with stage 3—5 kidney disease and their caregivers. We conducted semi-structured interviews to elicit knowledges and perspectives on ACP. A grounded theory approach was used to guide the analysis of primary themes. Two researchers independently coded the transcripts and met to reconcile codes. The primary barrier to ACP was the misconception that it equated to funeral arrangements. Themes related to ACP facilitators included: trust in the nephrology care team (especially in case managers); straighforward communication; and in-person consultations. Additionally, transplant patients were more likely to have ACP discussions with their loved ones. While kidney disease patients preferred straightforward communication, caregivers preferred indirect communications. These findings emphasize the critical role of the nephrological care team members. Improving knowledge of ACP and facilitating communication between caregivers and kidney disease patients in Taiwan is needed.
Pre-Statistical Harmonization of Behavioral Instruments Across Eight Surveys and Trials
Authors: Chen Diefei , Jutkowitz Eric , Iosepovici Skylar , Lin John , Gross Alden 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Data harmonization methods facilitate further use of existing studies and research resources. Most statistical harmonization methods require pooling data across studies, which is complex and requires careful scrutiny of source data. Most methods (e.g., item response theory) require datasets to have common items for linking a common construct across studies: this necessitates the qualitative process of pre-statistical harmonization. Here, we document pre-statistical harmonization of items measuring behavioral and psychological symptoms (e.g., agitation, wandering, etc.) which represent problematic behaviors among people with dementia administered in a national survey (ADAMS), evaluations conducted at Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (NACC), and in six randomized trials (COPE, TAP, ALZQOL, ACT, REACH, ADSPlus). We describe our approach to review question content and scoring procedures to establish comparability across items prior to data pooling. We identified 327 items from 15 instruments across these eight studies. We found considerable cross-study heterogeneity in administration and coding procedures for items that measure the same domain. For example, eight items were coded as count variables in some studies but as categorical variables in others. Moreover, of the 359 items, 191 are conditionally dependent on values of another item. These issues around item response heterogeneity and conditional dependency needed to be resolved prior to estimation of item response theory models for statistical co-calibration. We leveraged several rigorous data transformation procedures to address these issues, including re-coding and winsorization. This study provides guidelines for how future research may acknowledge and address similar issues in pooling behavioral and related instruments.
A qualitative analysis of family caregiver perspectives from the Caregiving Transitions Study
Authors: Blinka Marcela , Liu Chelsea , Sheehan Orla , Rhodes J David , Roth David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As people live longer, informal caregiving for family and friends is becoming increasingly common. Caregiver satisfaction with their role is now of greater importance to an increasing proportion of the U.S. population. Most research on caregivers has studied convenience samples, often restricted to caregivers of people with dementia. Various studies have examined the impact of caregiving on caregivers’ health but to our knowledge there are no qualitative studies of caregiving experiences from caregivers in population-based samples. This study investigated the impact of caregiving on participants who transitioned into a caregiving role while participating in a national population-based study. Participants were from the Caregiving Transitions Study, which is ancillary to the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. We thematically analyzed responses from 150 caregivers providing care for multiple different conditions to an open-ended question asked at the time of enrollment and designed to encourage caregivers to share additional details about their caregiving experience. Four major themes were identified: cultural/family expectations; growth opportunities and reciprocity; stressors and challenges; and recommendations. Participants shared both positive and challenging experiences in their role as a family caregiver as well as the impact that these experiences had on their lives. Caregivers shared that one of the most important motivations for taking on this role was their sense of duty toward family. Caregivers also highlighted the positive impact of caregiving on their lives such as opportunities for personal growth, acquisition of new skills, and finding a sense of fulfillment and gratitude.
Research Participation among Community Dwelling Dementia Caregivers: Reflections and Suggestions
Authors: Cruz Kiana , Joshi Sama , Park Taeyoung , Reid M Carrington , Herr Keela , Pillemer Karl , Riffin Catherine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clinical trials for dementia caregivers have suffered from small sample sizes that lack adequate power to detect treatment benefits. Addressing these methodological shortcomings is contingent upon successful recruitment and enrollment of caregiver participants, but major barriers impede their participation in research. This presentation describes the lessons learned from recruiting and enrolling dementia caregivers into a pilot randomized controlled trial designed to help caregivers recognize and communicate about pain in dementia care recipients. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, we organize our discussion of challenges and opportunities into three levels: community (ecosystem), institution (microsystem), and individual. A key challenge at the community level was gatekeeping by organization leaders, including those from support groups, senior centers, and congregate living facilities. At the institutional-level, challenges included an absence of administrative mechanisms for identifying caregivers and a lack of caregiver research expertise on the Institutional Review Board. At the individual-level, challenges included time constraints and varying motivations for participating in research. Strategies for overcoming these challenges spanned the three levels and included establishing trust and rapport with various constituencies; adapting our recruitment approaches to meet the specific motivations of prospective participants; and refining recruitment scripts to allow for greater personalization. Employing these strategies, which can be generalized to recruit other hard-to-reach populations, helped to overcome recruitment challenges and expedite enrollment of caregivers from a diverse range of sociodemographic backgrounds. Further improvement will require coordinated changes at the institutional and community levels, including the development of central research registries and administrative mechanisms for identifying caregivers.