bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Stay Calm and Carry On?’ Adventurers in the Neighborhood of Joy and Machetes
Authors: Bachelet Sebastien 
Published: February 2021

Abstract“Adventurers” is the nickname that “irregular” sub‐Saharan migrants—in Morocco and beyond—have given to themselves. Heroic discourses surrounding migrants’ journeys and their exploits towards Fortress Europe are the antithesis of what Hage (2009) describes as “heroism of stuckedness”; that is a conservative governmentality which delegitimizes impatience and disruption in a permanent time of crisis. “Boatpeople,” “illegal migrants,” who do not “wait out” the crisis, are perceived as hordes of savages assaulting Europe. This photo‐essay aims to depict migrants’ liminality and complex agency in a marginal neighborhood of Morocco, Douar Hajja. A poor and over‐crowded part of Rabat, Douar Hajja is where sub‐Saharan migrants’ im/mobility is grounded as a result of Europe's externalization of border controls. It is a space in constant (re)making where migrants’ establishment is not fully realized as they wait to decide whether to stay in Morocco, go on, or return. Though legally and materially marginalized, migrants in Douar Hajja engage in socio‐political activities: they organize life in collective houses, open businesses, and set up political organizations.
Health Subjectivities in a Diabetes Clinic in Ghana
Authors: Perlman Sabrina M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article discusses how biopower is exercised in a public health clinic in Ghana. By looking at the clinician‐patient encounter in a diabetes clinic as an instance of a state‐citizen encounter, the expectations for and the development of expert patients as ideal citizens emerges. Clinicians play an important role in forming patients’ health subjectivities, through the subtle shaping of assumptions, bodily practice, and attentiveness (Whyte 2009). In the diabetes clinic, health subjectivities are shaped by clinicians in order to ensure patient compliance with a diabetic routine against the backdrop of a self‐responsibility model of care and shrinking government support. The patients often adopt these expectations for managing their own illness as best as they can, such as changing diets, adhering to strict drug regimens, and increasing exercise, yet the wider contextual causes of and barriers to controlling diabetes are left unaddressed. However, as clinicians shape health subjectivities in the diabetes clinic, they also create the opportunity for patients to adopt health identities, through which they are able to contest or alter these expectations and demand additional social support from the state.
Left Handers in the Right–biased World: An Ethnographie Exploration of Everyday Left–Hander Ineonvenienee
Authors: David Tong Dik Wai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article explores the embodied experiences of handedness‐left and inconvenience in Hong Kong, China. In order to explore left‐hander perceptions of everyday encounters with right‐biased design, young and adult participants were invited to identify the inconveniences that they associate with being left handed. For many respondents, blatant right‐biased design is not remarkably inconvenient; instead, inconvenience is understood to arise from encounters with “neutral handedness.” Whereas situations of perceived right‐bias prompt left‐handers to respond with varying degrees of bodily flexibility, inconvenience is experienced in occasions regarded as “hand‐neutral” This paper argues that inconveniences are embedded within and emerge through the body's daily interactions with the wider world. The study's ethnographic findings also problematize the idea of “inconvenience” as an objective phenomenon that indistinctively affects left‐handers.
Multiphoton imaging of the effect of monosaccharide diffusion and formation of fluorescent advanced end products in porcine aorta
Authors: Lin Chih‐Ju , Lee Sheng‐Lin , Kang Jeon‐Woong , So Peter T.C. , Dong Chen‐Yuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProlonged exposure of tissues to elevated blood sugar levels lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), thus contributing to diabetic complications. Since the vascular system is in immediate contact with blood, diabetic effects on aorta is a major health concern. However, the relative effect of the diffusion of sugar molecular through the vascular wall and the rate of AGE formation is not known. In this study, we aim to address this issue by incubating excised porcine aorta in D‐glucose, D‐galactose, and D‐fructose solutions for different periods. The tissue specimens were then excised for multiphoton imaging of autofluorescence intensity profiles across the aorta wall. We found that for Days 4 to 48 incubation, autofluorescence is constant along the radial direction of the aorta sections, suggesting that monosaccharide diffusion is rapid in comparison to the rate of formation of fluorescent AGEs (fAGEs). Moreover, we found that in porcine aorta, the rate of fAGE formation of D‐fructose and D‐glucose are factors 2.08 and 1.14 that of D‐galactose. Our results suggest that for prolonged exposure of the cardiovascular system to elevated monosaccharides 4 days or longer, damage to the aorta is uniform throughout the tissues.
Effect of cetyltrimethyl‐ammonium bromide on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles stabilized Pickering emulsion and its cured poly(L‐lactic acid) materials
Authors: Zhu Zhuo , Wang Ai‐juan , Xue Hua , Liu Rong , Miao Luyang , Liu Dong‐jie , Song Yang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles stabilized Pickering emulsions were prepared by dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) dissolved poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as the oil phase and the deionized water with different concentrations of cetyltrimethyl‐ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the aqueous phase. Effect of CTAB concentration on emulsions type and stability were studied. The emulsion type underwent a two‐phase inversion, and emulsion stability increased first and then decreased with increasing CTAB concentrations. Besides, effect of CTAB concentration on zeta potential, aggregate size, contact angle of HAp nanoparticles and the oil–water interfacial tension were studied. The results indicated that zeta potential value of HAp nanoparticles changed from negative to positive, and the contact angle increased to over 80° initially and then decreased to below 40° rapidly. The distribution of HAp nanoparticles on the surface of emulsion droplets with different concentrations of CTAB (5 and 20 mM) was characterized using laser‐induced confocal microscope. It revealed the distribution of HAp nanoparticles changed with different CTAB concentrations. The cured PLLA materials were obtained after the solvent being volatilized using as‐received emulsions as templates. Scanning electron microscope images showed both microspheres and porous materials with interconnected pore structure were obtained. In conclusion, the microstructure of microspheres or porous PLLA materials is controllable by adjusting the property of HAp nanoparticles stabilized Pickering emulsions with appropriate amount of CTAB.
Neutrophil count to albumin ratio as a prognostic indicator for HBV‐associated decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Han Zhong , He Xia , Peng SongQing 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo explore the value of neutrophil count to albumin ratio (NAR) in predicting the outcomes of patients with HBV‐associated decompensated cirrhosis (HBV‐DeCi).MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐four HBV‐DeCi patients were enrolled. The 30‐day mortality was determined. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify risk factors for poor outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses was performed to evaluate prognostic accuracy.ResultsThe 30‐day mortality was 10.4%. NAR was significantly higher in non‐survivors than in survivors and was an independent predictor for unfavorable prognosis.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that increased NAR is associated with poor survival in HBV‐DeCi patients and has potential for clinical application.
Repair of articular cartilage defect using adipose‐derived stem cell‐loaded scaffold derived from native cartilage extracellular matrix
Authors: Lu Liang , Shang Xifu , Liu Bin , Chen Weijian , Zhang Yu , Liu Shuyun , Sui Xiang , Wang Aiyuan , Guo Quanyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) as the seed cells of cartilage tissue engineering. ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue that was harvested under sterile conditions from the inguen fold of porcines and cultured in vitro. Acellular cartilage extracellular matrix (ACECM) scaffolds of pigs were then constructed. Moreover, inflammatory cells, as well as cellular and humoral immune responses, were detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining staining, immunohistochemical staining, and western blot analysis. The results showed that the cartilage complex constructed by ADSCs and ACECM through tissue engineering successfully repaired the cartilage defect of the pig knee joint. The in vivo repair experiment showed no significant difference between chondrocytes, ADSCs, and induced ADSCs, indicating that ADSCs do not require in vitro induction and have the potential for chondrogenic differentiation in the environment around the knee joint. In addition, pig‐derived acellular cartilage scaffolds possess no obvious immune inflammatory response when used in xenotransplantation. ADSCs may serve as viable seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
Facile preparation of hierarchical heterostructured TiO2/Bi/Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst for phocatalytic degradation of toluene gas
Authors: Sun Zhiguo , Fan Jiaming , Feng Run , Wang Menglu , Zhou Yue , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from different sources has caused huge environmental problems. As a ‘green’ terminal treatment technology, photocatalytic technology is a competitive technology that has practical application prospects for the emission reduction of VOCs. The core problem of photocatalysis technology is constructing a photocatalyst with higher activity.RESULTSIn this work, a new hierarchical heterostructured photocatalyst of TiO2/Bi/Bi2MoO6 was facilely fabricated by solvothermal method with the TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly distributed on the surface of flower‐like Bi2MoO6 nanospheres. Compared with the bare flower‐like Bi2MoO6 nanospheres, the band gap width of TiO2/Bi/Bi2MoO6 is wider, which helps to improve the Fermi level‐derived oxidation–reduction capacity of the catalyst. N2 adsorption–desorption experiments show that the composite material has a larger specific surface area, which is beneficial to improve the mass transfer efficiency in the gas–solid heterogeneous reaction. Photocatalytic data display that, under irradiation by Xenon lamp for 2 h, the degradation rate of toluene gas over TiO2/Bi/Bi2MoO6 reached 26.08%, which is 17.92% higher than that of the bare Bi2MoO6 nanospheres.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that coupling TiO2 could significantly enhance the photocatalytic degradation effect of toluene over the hierarchical heterostructured TiO2/Bi/Bi2MoO6, and this has practical application prospects for the use of photocatalytic technology to treat VOCs pollution. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Discernment of synergy during the co‐pyrolysis of lipid‐extracted microalgae and digested municipal solid waste: a thermogravimetric–mass spectrometric study
Authors: Vuppaladadiyam Arun K , Antunes Elsa , Vuppaladadiyam Varsha SS , Shehzad Farrukh , Somasundaram Murugavelh , Memon Muhammad Z , Song Qingbin , Dong Weiguo , Duan Hubao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study investigated the co‐pyrolysis nature of biomasses, gas yields, kinetics and thermodynamics of Chroococcus sp. (CC), digested municipal solid waste (DMSW) and their mixtures using thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectrometry.RESULTSThermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric analysis indicated three major weight loss stages: dehydration (50–150 °C), thermal degradation of structural components (150–550 °C) and char decomposition (550–800 °C). The gases released during the process mainly contained CO, CH4, CO2 and H2 as main components. Also, with an increase in the composition of CC, the hydrogen yields were noticed to increase. Model‐free isoconversional methods, the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and Friedman methods, were considered to identify the activation energy. The kinetic results showed that an increase in the percentage of CC in the mixture lowered the activation energy. The activation energies recorded for CC, DMSW, CD‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 were 282.11, 202.55, 210.54, 145.46 and 139.98 kJ mol−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThermodynamic and kinetic analysis for CC, DMSW and their mixtures can be effectively used for reactor design and process optimization for similar types of waste materials. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Cellulose‐based micro‐fibrous materials imaged with a home‐built smartphone microscope
Authors: Aryal Girja Mani , Aryal Bishwa , Kandel Krishna Prasad , Neupane Bhanu Bhakta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicro‐fibrous materials are one of the highly explored materials and form a major component of composite materials. In resource‐limited settings, an affordable and easy to implement method that can characterize such material would be important. In this study, we report on a smartphone microscopic system capable of imaging a sample in transmission mode. As a proof of concept, we implemented the method to image handmade paper samples–cellulosic micro‐fibrous material of different thickness. With 1 mm diameter ball lens, individual cellulose fibers, fiber web, and micro‐porous regions were resolved in the samples. Imaging performance of the microscopic system was also compared with a commercial bright field microscope. For thin samples, we found the image quality comparable to commercial system. Also, the diameter of cellulose fiber measured from both methods was found to be similar. We also used the system to image surfaces of a three ply surgical facemask. Finally, we explored the application of the system in the study of chemical induced fiber damage. This study suggested that the smartphone microscope system can be an affordable alternative in imaging thin micro‐fibrous material in resource limited setting.
Clinical outcomes and resource utilization analysis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Kahlam Aaron , Pai Suraj , Ahlawat Sushil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe literature is lacking on associations of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) related outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of RA on clinical outcomes and hospital resource utilization in patients undergoing ERCP.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample database was used to identify hospitalized patients who had underwent an ERCP study from 2012 to 2014 using International Classification of Diseases‐Ninth Edition (ICD‐9) codes. Primary outcomes were mortality, hospital charges, and length of stay. Secondary outcomes were ERCP‐related complications. Chi‐squared tests for categorical data and independentt‐test for continuous data were utilized. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the primary outcomes.ResultsThere was 83 890 ERCP procedures performed, of which 970 patients had RA. In patients with RA, 74.2% were female, and the average age was 65.7 years. RA primary outcomes of mortality rate and hospital cost were lower and statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in secondary outcomes except for lower cholecystectomy rates in RA patients.ConclusionWith a high inflammatory state, it was hypothesized that RA would be associated with worse outcomes after ERCP. Yet, the primary outcomes of mortality and hospital cost were found to be lower than controls, with no difference in secondary outcomes. We posit that immunosuppressants used to treat RA provides a protective effect to overall complications with ERCP.
An efficient construction of CN bond under catalyst‐free and room temperature conditions
Authors: Zhang Jinpeng , Liu Jing , Dai Lei , Ge Yuqian , Xu Linlin , Xia Yingying , Xu Lan , Rong Liangce 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn efficient and facile process for the construction of CN bond from 1,6‐conjugate addition reaction of 4‐arylidene‐2,6‐di‐tert‐butylcyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐one (or substituted 3‐[3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐oxocyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐ylidene]indolin‐2‐one) and substituted 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (or substituted indoline) at room temperature was reported. The advantages of this reaction were catalyst‐free, mild condition, broad substrate scope, and environmentally benign process.
Neonatal administration of erythropoietin attenuates cognitive deficits in adult rats following placental insufficiency
Authors: Robinson Shenandoah , Winer Jesse L. , Kitase Yuma , Brigman Jonathan L. , Jantzie Lauren L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreterm birth is a principal cause of neurological disability later in life, including cognitive and behavioral deficits. Notably, cognitive impairment has greater impact on quality of life than physical disability. Survivors of preterm birth commonly have deficits of executive function. Difficulties with tasks and planning complexity correlate positively with increasing disability. To overcome these barriers for children born preterm, preclinical and clinical studies have emphasized the importance of neurorestoration. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a endogenous cytokine with multiple beneficial mechanisms of action following perinatal brain injury. While most preclinical investigations have focused on pathology and molecular mechanisms, translational studies of repair using clinically viable biobehavioral biomarkers are still lacking. Here, using an established model of encephalopathy of prematurity secondary to placental insufficiency, we tested the hypothesis that administration of EPO in the neonatal period would attenuate deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility in adult rats of both sexes. We assessed cognition and executive function in two ways. First, using the classic test of novel object recognition and second, using a touchscreen platform. Touchscreen testing allows for rigorous testing of cognition and executive function in preclinical and clinical scenarios. Data show that adult rats exhibit deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility following in utero placental insufficiency. Notably, neonatal treatment of EPO attenuates these deficits in adulthood and facilitates functional repair. Together, these data validate EPO neurorestoration using a clinically relevant outcome measure and support the concept that postnatal treatment following in utero injury can improve cognition and executive function through adulthood.
Visual cognition associated with knee proprioception, time to stability, and sensory integration neural activity after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Chaput Meredith , Onate James A. , Simon Janet E. , Criss Cody R. , Jamison Steve , McNally Michael , Grooms Dustin R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVisual cognitive ability has previously been associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury and injury risk biomechanics in healthy athletes. Neuroimaging reports have identified increased neural activity in regions corresponding to visual‐spatial processing, sensory integration, and visual cognition in individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), indicating potential neural compensatory strategies for motor control. However, it remains unclear whether there is a relationship between visual cognition, neural activity, and metrics of neuromuscular ability after ACLR. The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the relationship between visual cognitive function and measurements of neuromuscular control (proprioception and time to stability [TTS]), isokinetic strength, and subjective function, and (2) examine the neural correlates of visual cognition between ACLR (n = 16; time since surgery 41.4 ± 33.0 months) and demographically similar controls (n = 15). Visual cognition was assessed by the ImPACT visual motor and visual memory subscales. Outcome variables of proprioception to target knee angle 20°, landing TTS, strength, and subjective function were compared between groups, and visual cognition was correlated within groups to determine the relationship between visual cognition and outcome variables controlled for time from surgery (ACLR group). The control group had better IKDC scores and strength. Visual memory and visual motor ability were negatively associated with proprioception error (r = −0.63) and TTS (r = −0.61), respectively, in the ACLR group but not controls. Visual cognition was associated with increased neural activity in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex in the ACLR group but not control participants. These data suggest the neural strategy in which ACLR participants maintain proprioception and stability varies, and may depend on visual cognition and sensory integration neural activity.
Does preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis affect sonication‐based diagnosis in implant‐associated infection?
Authors: Stephan Anna , Thürmer Alexander , Glauche Ingmar , Nowotny Jörg , Zwingenberger Stefan , Stiehler Maik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs culture‐negative implant‐associated infection denote a diagnostic challenge, sonicate fluid cultures of the explanted endoprosthesis and osteosynthesis components are frequently used. However, the effect of antibiotic treatment on pathogen detection by sonication fluid cultures in implant‐associated infection has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) and antibiotic therapy (AT) on sonicate fluid cultures in patients with implant‐associated infection. In this retrospective study three groups were compared: (i) standard PAP, (ii) AT for at least one day, and (iii) no antibiotics before surgery. For the inclusion criteria, an established diagnostic protocol for implant‐associated infection was used. Sonicate fluid cultures were validated by corresponding microbiological and histopathological samples. In 90 patients with single and multiple infections, 114 pathogens were detected. The detection rate by sonicate fluid cultures in patients receiving PAP (n = 27, 29 pathogens), AT before surgery (n = 33, 48 pathogens) and no antibiotics before surgery (n = 30, 37 pathogens) were 86.2%, 81.3%, and 86.5% (p = .778), respectively. Eleven of 114 infectious agents were detected exclusively by sonicate fluid cultures, while conventional tissue culture failed in these cases. PAP and AT do not affect intraoperative cultures in implant‐associated infection. It is therefore not recommended to omit antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with implant‐associated infection. Algorithms including both sonicate fluid cultures and tissue samples should be used for appropriate microbiological diagnosis of implant‐associated infections.