bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of a prior malignancy on outcomes in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Bian Xiaoyuan , Wang Kaicen , Wang Qiangqiang , Yang Liya , Xia Jiafeng , Wu Wenrui , Li Lanjuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe number of cancer survivors has increased rapidly, and there is a higher risk of developing a second cancer. Whether a prior malignancy could affect survival outcomes is unknown. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes of prior malignancies in patients with gastric cancer.MethodsPatient data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We used the Kaplan–Meier method, competing risk models, and Cox regression models to evaluate the impact of prior malignancy on survival outcomes.ResultsAmong 71,809 patients with primary gastric cancer, 6667 (9.3%) patients had a pre‐existing cancer. Prostate (31.86%), breast (14.34%), and colon and rectum (10.32%) cancer were the most common types. A significant difference was observed in the overall survival rates between patients with and without prior cancer (log‐rank=139.73, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, patients with prostate, uterine corpus, lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, esophagus, urinary bladder, leukemia, brain and other nervous system, oral cavity and pharynx, and breast cancer faced inferior survival than those without prior cancer.ConclusionsA history of prior cancer was associated with worse overall survival in patients with gastric cancer, and the effects varied by different initial cancer types. The exclusion and inclusion of patients who had previous malignancies should be reconsidered according to the specific malignancy types.
‘Rarely discussed but always present’: Exploring therapists’ accounts of the relationship between social class, mental health and therapy
Authors: McEvoy Charlotte , Clarke Victoria , Thomas Zoe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith a few exceptions, the subject of social class has rarely been addressed in counselling and psychotherapy research. This study seeks to contribute to redressing this omission by exploring therapists’ accounts of how social class operates within therapy, its impact on the therapeutic relationship, and the relationship between social class and mental health. Eighty‐seven practicing psychologists, counsellors and psychotherapists, from trainees to experienced practitioners, completed an online qualitative survey about social class in therapy. Critical thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and explore the therapists’ sense‐making around social class. One (smaller) group of therapists located individuals’ mental health difficulties within the wider socio‐political context and positioned class differences in therapy as something that cannot be transcended by the therapeutic relationship. Another (larger) group of therapists framed psychological distress in individual and psychological terms and as separate from the wider socio‐political context and constructed class differences as something that can be transcended in therapy. We take a political stance in interpreting this analysis and argue that the dominance of ‘oppression‐blind’ sense‐making arguably points to a need for a change in class‐consciousness at the heart of counselling, psychotherapy and psychology, so that therapists are more cognisant of the relationship between mental health and clients’ socio‐political context, and their own social power in the therapeutic relationship.
MiR‐370‐3p inhibits the development of human endometriosis by downregulating EDN1 expression in endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Zhou Shun , Huang Chengyi , Wang Wei , Liu Juan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMiR‐370‐3p has been demonstrated to be downregulated in patients with endometriosis (EM). However, its role and molecular mechanisms in the progression of EM remain unclear. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of miR‐370‐3p and endothelin‐1 (EDN1) in patients with or without EM. After miR‐370‐3p overexpression or knockdown in ectopic endometrial hEM15A cells, the changes in the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and invasion capacities were detected by using cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, and transwell methods. The interplay between miR‐370‐3p and EDN1 was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. Patients with EM showed adverse expression of EDN1 and miR‐370‐3p, especially in eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium. MiR‐370‐3p inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion capacities of hEM15A cells and promoted apoptosis. Investigation of its molecular mechanism revealed that miR‐370‐3p targeted EDN1 to influence the biological functions of hEM15A cells. MiR‐370‐3p represented as a therapeutic target for EM treatment.
Ileocolic intussusception due to intestinal lipoma in an adult patient
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Thakur Amitabh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntestinal obstruction due to intussusception caused by intestinal lipomas is a rare condition in adults that needs urgent treatment. CT (Computerised Tomography) is the radiologic modality of choice for diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice and has excellent outcome.
Dispersed‐Phase Holdup and Characteristic Velocity in an Agitated‐Pulsed Solvent Extraction Column
Authors: Tan Boren , Li Longxiang , Lan Minle , Wang Yong , Qi Tao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe agitated‐pulsed column (APC) is expected to exhibit good transfer. The dispersed‐phase holdup and characteristic velocity were measured using a 25‐mm diameter APC. The holdup declined at first and then escalated with the increase of pulsation intensity which was in contrary to the trend of the characteristic velocity change. The pulsation intensity corresponding to minimum holdup was found, and it increased with higher agitation speed. The interfacial area was also calculated. Correlations were developed for the holdup and characteristic velocity prediction within 5.34 % and 9.54 % deviation, respectively. Flooding lines were calculated by the characteristic velocity method and operating regimes were determined by the experimental results.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Difunctionalization of 1,3‐Diene with Amine and Disilane under a Mild Re‐oxidation System
Authors: Torii Kazuyuki , Kawakubo Atsushi , Lin Xianjin , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Yajima Tatsuo , Obora Yasushi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA highly regioselective and stereoselective difunctionalization reaction of 1,3‐diene with amine and disilane to form C−N and C−Si bonds via a one‐step Pd/Cu/O2 system is disclosed. The difunctionalization reaction affords allylic silanes, including the allylic amine moiety, in up to 92 % yield in the absence of any acid, base, or external ligand. The developed synthetic methodology can be scaled to 100 g in high yield with high Z‐selectivity, which demonstrates the feasibility of the reaction for industrial applications.
Independent scientific experimentation in distance learning chemistry with the help of instructional videos and experimental homework – the colorimetric analysis of juice spritzers with the “smartphone photometer”
Authors: Czubatinski Lars , Hornung Gabriele , Resmann Eugen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDer Artikel beschreibt eine Sequenz zum selbstständigen Experimentieren zu Hause. Mit Hilfe von Smartphones oder Tablets wird der Fruchtsaftgehalt von Saftschorlen kolorimetrisch ermittelt. Die Gehaltsbestimmung wird über die Problematik des Zuckerkonsums in einen lebensweltlichen Kontext integriert. Sie führt inhaltlich zur Anwendung von Gehaltangaben und Bezugsgrößen und damit zu einer ersten Näherung in Richtung des Konzentrationsbegriffs. Das experimentelle Vorgehen ist so gestaltet, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler das Experiment ohne eine synchrone Anleitung durch Lehrkräfte zu Hause mit Haushaltsutensilien durchführen können. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Experimentiervideo mit passendem Begleitmaterial gestaltet, das sowohl die praktische Anleitung als auch die inhaltliche Begleitung im Chemie‐Fernunterricht leistet.
Fluorescence Polarization‐Based Measurement of Protein‐Ligand Interaction in Fungal Cell Lysates
Authors: LeBlanc Emmanuelle V. , Shekhar‐Guturja Tanvi , Whitesell Luke , Cowen Leah E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFungi infect over a billion people worldwide and contribute substantially to human morbidity and mortality despite all available therapies. New antifungal drugs are urgently needed. Decades of study have revealed numerous protein targets of potential therapeutic interest for which potent, fungal‐selective ligands remain to be discovered and developed. To measure the binding of diverse small molecule ligands to their larger protein targets, fluorescence polarization (FP) can provide a robust, inexpensive approach. The protocols in this article provide detailed guidance for developing FP‐based assays capable of measuring binding affinity in whole cell lysates without the need for purification of the target protein. Applications include screening of libraries to identify novel ligands and the definition of structure‐activity relationships to aid development of compounds with improved target affinity and fungal selectivity. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 18 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Use of saturation binding curves to optimize tracer and lysate protein concentrationsBasic Protocol 2: Establishment of competition binding experimentsSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of fungal cell lysatesSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of human HepG2 cell lysate
Differentiation of Brain Pericyte‐Like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cell−Derived Neural Crest
Authors: Gastfriend Benjamin D. , Stebbins Matthew J. , Du Feifan , Shusta Eric V. , Palecek Sean P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBrain pericytes regulate diverse aspects of neurovascular development and function, including blood‐brain barrier (BBB) induction and maintenance. Primary brain pericytes have been widely employed in coculture‐based in vitro models of the BBB, and a method to generate brain pericytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) could provide a renewable, genetically tractable source of cells for BBB modeling and studying pericyte roles in development and disease. Here, we describe a protocol to differentiate hPSCs to NG2+PDGFRβ+αSMAlow brain pericyte‐like cells in 22‐25 days through a p75‐NGFR+HNK‐1+ neural crest intermediate, which mimics the developmental origin of forebrain pericytes. The resulting brain pericyte‐like cells have molecular and functional attributes of brain pericytes. We also provide protocols for maintenance, cryopreservation, and recovery of the neural crest intermediate, and for molecular and functional characterization of the resulting cells. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 18 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Differentiation of hPSCs to neural crestBasic Protocol 2: Differentiation of neural crest to brain pericyte‐like cellsSupport Protocol 1: Flow cytometry analysis of neural crest cellsSupport Protocol 2: Maintenance, cryopreservation, and recovery of neural crest cellsSupport Protocol 3: Molecular characterization of brain pericyte‐like cellsSupport Protocol 4: Cord formation assay with endothelial cells and brain pericyte‐like cells
Visualization and Documentation of Capsule and Melanin Production in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Nichols Connie B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen primarily targeting immunosuppressed populations in both resource‐rich and resource‐limited nations. Successful treatment is limited to a few antifungals that have become compromised by cryptococcal resistance, leading to intensive research seeking new drug candidates. Two distinguishing hallmarks of this species are the ability to develop a polysaccharide capsule and melanization of the fungal cells. These also act as virulence factors, protecting this pathogen in the host as well as in the environment. Here we describe two classic methods to document capsule and melanin. Although initially described and documented several decades ago, these methods remain relevant in spite of the advent of more sophisticated methodology, due in part to their simplicity and cost efficiency. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 18 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Capsule visualization by India ink counterstainingBasic Protocol 2: Assessment of melanin on solid mediaAlternative Protocol: Quantification of melanin production in liquid medium
Observation of Z‐DNA Structure via the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide DNA Containing 8‐Trifluoromethyl‐2‐Deoxyguanosine
Authors: Bao Hong‐Liang , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article contains detailed synthetic protocols for the preparation of DNA oligonucleotides containing 8‐trifluoromethyl‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (CF3dG) and their application to observe Z‐DNA structure in vitro and in living HeLa cells. First, using a catalytic system consisting of FeSO4, H2SO4, and H2O2 in DMSO, we achieved a one‐step synthesis of CF3dG through a radical reaction between deoxyguanosine (dG) and CF3I, with a yield of 45%. We then obtained the 3′‐phosphoramidite of CF3dG through a routine three‐step procedure. Next, we employed the CF3dG phosphoramidite monomer in the synthesis of oligonucleotides on a solid‐phase DNA synthesizer. Finally, we used the CF3dG‐modified DNA oligonucleotides to observe Z‐DNA structure in vitro and in living HeLa cells through 19F NMR spectroscopy. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 18 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.
Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of CF3dG phosphoramiditesBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of CF3dG‐modified DNA oligonucleotidesBasic Protocol 3: Evaluation of CF3dG stabilization of Z‐DNA structure by CD spectroscopyBasic Protocol 4: Investigation of Z‐DNA structure in vitro and in HeLa cells with CF3dG‐modified DNA oligonucleotides and 19F NMR spectroscopy
A low‐power 10‐bit CCP‐based pipelined ADC using a multi‐level variable current source MDAC and an ultra‐low‐power double‐tail dynamic latch
Authors: Firouzkouhi Hossein , Ashraf Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a low‐power 10‐bit 15‐MS/s opamp‐less pipelined analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) has been proposed. The circuit is comprised of eight 1.5‐bit/stage MDACs and a 2‐bit backend flash ADC. Each 1.5‐bit/stage structure comprises a CCP‐based MDAC which uses a modified multilevel variable‐current‐source (ML‐VCS) scheme. The modified ML‐VCS CCP structure facilitates its usage in a pipeline ADC structure. Also, the proposed ML‐VCS structure improves the speed behavior as well as the power consumption of a 1.5‐bit/stage CCP‐based MDAC structure. In order to further reduce power consumption, an ultra‐low‐power low‐delay double‐tail dynamic latch has been offered which features high‐speed operation. The suggested ADC is simulated using 180‐nm scaled CMOS technology with a 2‐Vp‐p differential full‐scale input voltage. Hspice simulation results show that the ADC exhibits an SNDR of 60‐dB, an ENOB of 9.67 bits, and the FOM of 0.546 PJ/Conv.step at a Nyquist‐rate input frequency. According to the results, the proposed 10‐bit ADC consumes only 6.7‐mW under a 1.8‐V supply voltage.
Association between metabolic syndrome and incident chronic kidney disease among Chinese: A nation‐wide cohort study and updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Nianwei , Qin Yao , Chen Sen , Yu Chuan , Xu Ying , Zhao Jian , Yang Xue , Li Ningxiu , Pan Xiong‐Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsWe prospectively examined the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) among middle‐aged and elderly Chinese, and conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all cohort studies on this topic.Materials and MethodsOur research data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Participants (n=5752, age ≥45 years) without CKD (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73m2) at baseline were followed up for 4 years. We applied logistic regressions to examine the association of MetS with incident CKD. In addition, we pooled our effect estimates and those from previous cohort studies in the meta‐analysis.ResultsIn a 4‐years follow‐up, 61 (4.27%) developed CKD in participants with MetS versus 102 (2.36%) in participants without MetS. After adjustment for potential confounders, odds ratio for incident CKD was 1.82 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.19–2.78] comparing participants with MetS with those without MetS. There was a linear positive association between the number of MetS components and incident CKD (p for trend <0.001). In the updated meta‐analysis of 25 studies among 350,655 participants with 29,368 incident cases of CKD, the pooled relative risk of developing CKD in participants with MetS was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.28–1.39), compared with those without MetS.ConclusionsIndividuals with MetS had higher risk of incident CKD in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese adults, which was supported by a comprehensive review of cohort studies from multiple populations. It may be advisable to routinely monitor renal functions among individuals with MetS.
Pumas’ fear of humans precipitates changes in plant architecture
Authors: Yovovich Veronica , Thomsen Meredith , Wilmers Christopher C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFear of predation can elicit strong behavioral responses from prey, with impacts that cascade through food chains. While this indirect effect of natural predators on ecosystems is becoming better understood, far less is known about how humans—the world’s most ubiquitous super‐predator—influence subsequent trophic levels through changes in carnivore habitat use and behavior. Here, we combined puma GPS tracking data with field experiments to understand the extent to which anthropogenic development has cascading impacts from pumas to plants. We examined spatial patterns in puma feeding sites and found that pumas preferentially kill deer away (>340 m) from human development. This aversion appears to create refugia for deer, as deer more than doubled their relative activity near (<70 m) human development. In addition, deer more than quadrupled their consumption of woody vegetation at low‐risk sites close to humans relative to comparable high‐risk sites far from humans and consumed a greater percent of the forage available in sites near humans than in comparable sites farther away. Increased browsing by deer in near human, or low‐risk, sites induced woody plants to become bushier (by removing apical dominance) than those away from humans, or high‐risk sites. The cascading interactions from pumas avoiding people to changes in plant architecture appear to have increased available food to deer (i.e., bushier plants have more available branch ends providing potential bites of food than less bushy individuals) and may have other, as yet undocumented, ecological effects.
Between Oxirane and Phosphirane: The Spring‐loaded Oxaphosphirane Ring
Authors: Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Rey Planells Alicia , Streubel Rainer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to the potential interest of oxaphosphiranes in ring‐opening polymerizations, accurate ring strain energies (RSEs) of a wide variety of oxaphosphirane derivatives was computed, after validation of the optimization method by comparison with reported X‐ray structures. The parent oxaphosphirane exhibits a moderate RSE (22.44 kcal/mol) that is significantly enhanced by κ‐P‐complexation (especially with boranes), the introduction of P=O or P+‐Me groups as well as exocyclic double bonds at the ring carbon, such as 3‐methylene, 3‐imino and 3‐oxo functionalities. However, C3 alkyl substitution or pentacoordination at P in σ5λ5‐oxaphosphirane does not lead to significant variation of RSE. Bicyclic spiro‐oxaphosphirane derivatives show an RSE decrease when the size of the spiro ring increases. A moderate linear correlation between RSE and G(r)/ρ(r) values calculated at the ring critical points and also with the relaxed force constant (k0) for the P−C bond is observed for most oxaphosphiranes. The possibility of ring‐opening polymerization by using better (anionic) nucleophiles in the initiation step can be foreseen from the exergonicity and relatively low barrier of the endocyclic C−O cleavage by nucleophilic attack of methanol, thus underlining the effect of the RSE as driving force compared to acyclic analogs.
Butterfly‐Like Tetranuclear Copper(I) Clusters for Efficient Alkyne Homocoupling Reactions
Authors: Yin Chengyang , Liu Shuang , Qin Zhaoxian , Zhang Yifei , Li Gao , Zhao Zhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, we here prepare a new tetranuclear CuI cluster with a precise configuration of Cu4(PPh3)4(bis(prop‐2‐ynyloxy)biphenyl)2. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction shows that the bi‐alkynyl ligands bind to two Cu atoms via a σ‐bond and to the other two Cu atoms via a π‐bond configuration, presenting a new alkynyl‐Cu motif and a butterfly‐like framework. Cu4(PPh3)4L2 clusters exhibit photoluminescence property at 410 and 505 nm. Cu4(PPh3)4L2 clusters also give good performances in the alkyne homocoupling reactions after its immobilization on different oxides. The copper(I) species is proved to be the catalytic active site during the homocoupling reactions. And the basic property of the oxides (e. g. NiO) can promote the coupling catalysis, and a side‐group effect of the alkyne reactants is distinctly observed. In all, this study extends the catalytic application of the copper clusters to the carbon‐carbon coupling reactions and gives some cue to develop the potential exploitation of copper clusters in other organic transformations.
Molecular Recognition by Chalcogen Bond: Selective Charge‐Transfer Crystal Formation of Dimethylnaphthalene with Selenadiazolotetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Asai Kota , de Rouville Henri‐Pierre Jacquot , Shimajiri Takuya , Heitz Valérie , Fujii‐Shinomiya Hiroshi , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe title nonplanar electron acceptor (1) fused with a selenadiazole ring selectively forms a crystalline charge‐transfer complex (CT crystal) with 2,6‐dimethylnaphthalene (2,6‐DMN). On the other hand, the sulfur analogue (2) has less recognition ability and forms CT crystals with both 2,6‐ and 2,7‐DMN. X‐ray analyses of 1, 2, and their CT crystals revealed that the Se⋅⋅⋅N chalcogen bond (ChB) in 1 is strong enough to determine the crystal packing with the formation of a cavity suitable for 2,6‐DMN. On the contrary, ChB through S⋅⋅⋅N contact in 2 competes with other weak interactions such as a C−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond. The stronger ChB involving Se is the key for 1 to separate 2,6‐DMN (>97 wt %) from a complex isomer mixture containing ca. 10 wt % each of 2,6‐ and 2,7‐DMN by a simple, efficient and straightforward mixing‐filtration‐heating process.