bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensual Inflammation Following Ocular Surgery
Authors: El-Harazi Sherif M , Feldman Robert M , Ruiz Richard S , Villanueva Guillermina , Chuang Alice Z 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To determine whether a consensual inflammatory response occurs following unilateral phacoemulsification or trabeculectomy in humans.
* METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing phacoemulsification or primary trabeculectomy were included in the study. Some patients were randomly assigned to have a shield placed on the non-operated eye during surgery. The Kowa laser flare meter (FM-500) and laser cell counter (LC-500) (Kowa Electronics and Optics, Tokyo, Japan) were used to assess the inflammatory response in both eyes. Measurements were taken preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 7 and 28. The regression analysis with random model effect was used to identify factors which may affect the change of flare and cells in the non-operated eye after surgery. Correlation was evaluated between the inflammatory responses of the paired eyes. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.

* RESULTS: The flare and cells in the non-operated eye showed a small, but significant, increase on day 1 (mean flare increased 2.68 photons/ms from preoperative level with P<0.001 and mean cells increased 2.49 cells/0.5 mm
p 3
from preoperative level with P<0.0001). At day 7 the amount of inflammation was still elevated (mean flare increased 0.41 photons/ms from preoperative level with P<0.001 and mean cells increased 0.63 cells/0.5 mm
p 3
from preoperative level with P<0.001). By day 28, the amount of inflammation in the nonoperated eyes returned to preoperative levels.

* CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical inflammation occurs in the non-operated eye following phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy. The etiology of this finding has yet to be elucidated.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:254-259.]
Surgical Repair of Retinal Detachment Secondary to Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Authors: Stier Peter A , Glazer Louis C , Garretson Bruce R , Deutsch Thomas A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine preoperative predictors of postoperative visual acuity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and retinal detachment.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study design was a retrospective chart review of 38 eyes in 33 patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis who had retinal reattachment surgery by pars plana vitrectomy with the use of silicone oil tamponade. Factors considered included: preoperative visual acuity, macular attachment status and CMV activity at the time of surgery, and length of time from diagnosis of retinal detachment to surgical repair.
* RESULTS: Retinal reattachment was achieved in 37 of 38 eyes. Mean interval from surgery to best corrected visual acuity (VA) was 9 weeks. The mean best corrected post-op VA was 20/70. Approximately half of the patients died within 7 months of the surgery. There was good correlation between preoperative VA and best attained postoperative VA (Spearman's: r = 0.5139, P = 0.001). The interval from retinal detachment to surgery, and best attained postoperative VA did not correlate (Spearman's: r = 0.2339, P= 0.158). The lack of macular CMV retinitis correlated well with postoperative VA (P= 0.0066, Wilcoxon rank-sum test).
* CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative visual acuity and macular attachment status correlates with better postoperative visual acuity results, whereas early surgical repair of retinal detachment does not.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:289-294.]
Intravitreal tPA and SF
6
Promote Clearing of Premacular Subhyaloid Hemorrhages in Shaken and Battered Baby Syndrome
Authors: Conway Mandi D , Peyman Gholam A , Recasens Marta 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Child abuse is a serious problem in many cultures. The ocular signs of shaken baby include intraretinal, subretinal, and preretinal hemorrhages. The hemorrhages may be unilateral or bilateral and are seen in 50% to 80% of patients. Previous treatment was limited to observation or vitrectomy, but some observed eyes develop amblyopia, and pediatric vitrectomy has many complications.
* PATIENTS: We report 4 eyes in 2 children with shaken baby syndrome in whom we administered intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in an attempt to resolve preretinal hemorrhages earlier than observation alone without the complications of vitrectomy. The tPA dose ranged from 12.5-25 µg per injection. Eyes were injected once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. Each time 0.25 cc of sulfur hexafluoride gas was also injected.
* RESULTS: Within 1 week following the last tPA administration, complete resolution of the preretinal hemorrhage was seen. There were no associated ophthalmic complications.
* CONCLUSION: Intravitreal tPA with an expansive gas is an alternative method to observation or vitrectomy for resolution of preretinal hemorrhages in battered babies and may allow faster resolution of hemorrhages without the complications of vitrectomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:435-441.]
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for High Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Gabrieli Corrado Balacco , Pacella Elena , Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz , Regine Federico , Mollo Roberto 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To deter mine the efficacy, safety, and predictability of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy of high myopia and myopic astigmatism.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: 76 eyes of 52 patients with myopia from -8.00 to -23.50 diopters (D) with or without astigmatism up to - 5.5OD were treated with the VISX 20/20 excimer laser (VISK, Santa Clara, CA) and a multi-zone ablation technique. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, corneal haze, and topography were evaluated at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 1 8 months postoperatively.
* RESULTS: Postoperative refractions were generally stable after 12 months. At the last follow-up all patients were within - 1.96 D of the intended correction. Eighteen months postoperatively, 68% of patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and 65% of patients undergoing photo astigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK), were within 1 D of planned refraction. Furthermore, 87% of patients after PRK and 80% of patients after PARK had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better.
* CONCLUSIONS: High myopia with or without astigmatism was successfully treated in most of the patients using PRK. The stability of the postoperative refraction during the first 1 8 months seems to be good. The incidence of adverse effects was low but improvements in the future should further reduce complications, thus increasing the safety of refractive procedures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:442-448.]
Corneal Topographic Changes Induced by Excision of Perilimbal Lesions
Authors: Budak Koray , Khater Timothy T , Friedman Neil J , Koch Douglas D 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate corneal topographic changes induced by excision of two pterygia and a perilimbal dermoid.
* MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the EyeSys Corneal Analysis System, we retrospectively analyzed the changes in astigmatism, mean central corneal power, and other topographic parameters of three corneas before and after surgical removal of two pterygia and a perilimbal dermoid.
* RESULTS: Marked corneal steepening occurred along the preoperative flat meridian after the excision of the pterygia and dermoid cyst. For each patient, surgery increased the mean central corneal curvature and decreased total astigmatism.
* CONCLUSION: Surgical excision can ameliorate abnormal corneal topographic changes produced by limbal lesions.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:458-464.]
Penetration of Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Aqueous Humor After Topical Administration
Authors: Çekiç Osman , Batman Cosar , Totan Yüksel , Yasar Ümit , Basci Nursabah E , Bozkurt Atilla , Kayaalp S Oguz 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To com pare the aqueous humor levels of 0.3% ofloxacin and 0.3% ciprofloxacin containing eyedrops in patients witli healthy cornea.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with cataract were randomly assigned to have 0.3% ofloxacin containing eyedrop (25 patients) or 0.3% ciprofloxacin containing eyedrop (25 patients). Both drugs were repetitively instilled to each patient for 6 hours before the surgery. Aqueous samples were collected after penetrating the anterior chamber during cataract extraction and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography method.
* RESULTS: The aqueous humor level of ofloxacin (1.43 ± 0.26 µ,?/ml, mean ± SEM) was significandy higher than that of ciprofloxacin (0.35 ± 0.07 µg/ml) following the topical application (P < .0002).
* CONCLUSION: Aqueous humor penetration of topical ofloxacin is about 4 times higher than that of topical ciprofloxacin when the drugs are applied as described above.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:465-468.]
The Role of Axial Length in Central and Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Çekiç Osman , Totan Yüksel , Aydin Erdinç , Pehlivan Erkan , Hilmioglu Fatih 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the axial length is a local risk factor in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The axial lengths of affected and fellow eyes of 19 patients with CRVO and 27 with BRVO and of their controls were measured with ?-scan ultrasonography. The control group consisted of 17 individuals for CRVO and 25 for BRVO matched in age, sex and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in patient groups. The results of measurements in affected, unaffected and control eyes were compared.
* RESULTS: The mean axial length was different among the affected and unaffected eyes in patients with CRVO and their controls (P < .05). The affected eyes had significantly shorter axial length compared to the fellow and control eyes (P < .01 and P < .01, respectively). In the BRVO group, the mean axial length did not differ among affected, unaffected and control eyes (P > .05).
* CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a significantly shorter axial length in eyes with CRVO and not significantly shorter axial length in those with BRVO. The shorter axial length could be an additional risk factor in the pathogenesis of CRVO.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:523-527.]
Eyes Removed for Primary Ulcerative Keratitis with Endophthalmitis: Microbial and Histologic Findings
Authors: Margo Curtis E 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVES: To study the microbiological and histological findings in patients whose eyes are removed for primary ulcerative keratitis with suppurative endophthalmitis.
* METHODS: Survey of consecutive cases of ulcerative keratitis with histologically defined endophthalmitis treated by enucleation or evisceration.
* RESULTS: Eighteen cases of ulcerative keratitis with suppurative endophthalmitis were identified. Thirteen corneal ulcers were culture positive (72%). Microorganism were found in histologic sections of the anterior segment of 9 eyes (50%), but no microorganisms were identified in the vitreous. Two eyes (1 1%) had culturepositive endophthalmitis. Half of the patients in this study who had undergone elective intraocular surgery had done so within 4 months of enucleation.
* CONCLUSIONS: Considerable vitreous inflammation can occur with microbial keratitis in the absence of histologically demonstrable microorganisms in the vitreous. Microbial keratitis associated with suppurative endophthalmitis is usually caused by virulent organisms. The factors that contributed to the spread of purulent inflammation inside the eye could not be assessed in this morphologic study because of the lack of clinical data.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:535-539.]
Surgical Outcome After Early Intraocular Pressure Elevation Following Combined Cataract Extraction and Trabeculectomy
Authors: Porges Yair , Ophir Avinoam 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We report on the incidence and course of early postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and related surgical outcome following combined manual extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), using a sclerocorneal tunnel incision and trabeculectomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The combined procedure was the initial surgery in each eye. Intraocular pressure was measured during the first 4 days, at 1 week, and thereafter following surgery.
* RESULTS: Of 38 eyes (38 consecutive adults), postoperative IOP elevation to > 25 mm Hg was found in 7 eyes (18.4%) during the first 3 postoperative days. The IOP was reduced to ≤ 20 mm Hg without hypotensive medication in 3 of them within the first 3-7 postoperative days, and remained so after 7-16 months (mean, 10.3 ± 4.9 months). Each of the other 4 eyes underwent argon-laser suture lysis 8-10 days after surgery due to unstable IOP which rose to > 30 mm Hg. Two weeks after the operation and thereafter, ie, after 8-22 months (mean, 12.8 ± 6.4 months), each of these 4 eyes necessitated 1-4 (mean, 2.5 ± 1.3) hypotensive medications.
* CONCLUSION: This study raises the possibility that in eyes with early IOP elevation, a delay in promoting aqueous outflow beyond a critical period during the first postoperative week might become a risk factor for full surgical success.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:727-733.]
Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil Antimetabolite Therapy for Pediatric Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
Authors: Snir Moshe , Lusky Moshe , Shalev Benejamin , Gaton Dan , Weinberger Dov 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of augmented trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C (MMC) compared to 5-FU only for the treatment of pediatrie glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective randomized clinical trial, 8 children (12 eyes) with pediatrie glaucoma, either congenital or secondary to: lens aspiration, Sturge-Weber syndrome, or steroids underwent augmented trabeculectomy. Six patients (8 eyes) underwent augmented trabeculectomy with 5-FU plus MMC and 2 patients (4 eyes) underwent augmented trabeculectomy with 5-FU only.
* MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between-group comparison of postoperative parameters: change in intraocular pressure (IOP), dependence on antiglaucoma medication, number of 5-FU injections, cup-disc ratio, corneal diameter, drug-induced complications.
* RESULTS: In the 5-FU/MMC group, 7/8 eyes showed good control of postoperative IOP (9-16 mm Hg), which was independent of antiglaucoma therapy; only 2 injections of 5-FU were needed. By contrast, in the 5-FU group, no control of the postoperative IOP (21-23 mm Hg) was achieved in 4/4 eyes, and these patients remained dependent on antiglaucoma medication; up to 6 injections of 5-FU were used. There was no deterioration in the cup-disc ratio or the corneal diameter in either group. Results were maintained on follow-up (23-27 months). No significant drug-induced complications were noted.
* CONCLUSION: Augmented trabeculectomy with adjunctive 5-FU/MMC may be an option for the control of pediatrie glaucoma in patients with a poor surgical prognosis.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:3 1-37]
First Experimental and Clinical Results With Transscleral Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Hoerauf Hans , Gordes Roswitha S , Scholz Christian , Wirbelauer Christopher , Koch Peter , Engelhardt Ralf , Winkler Jörg , Laqua Horst , Birngruber Reginald 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potentials of optical coherence tomography (OCT) using long wavelength to penetrate highly scattering tissues of the eye and visualize the anterior chamber angle and the ciliary body.
* METHODS: OCT images were generated by an experimental prototype in enucleated porcine eyes using as light source a superluminiscent diode with a wavelength of 1310 nm and a scan frequency of 60 Hz. The number of lateral scans was variable in a range from 100 to 400.
* RESULTS: Infrared OCT was able to penetrate the sclera. The anterior chamber angle could be visualized completely and the ciliary body could be identified. However, it was not possible to penetrate the highly reflective iris pigment epithelium.
* CONCLUSION: The use of infrared OCT allows penetration of the sclera, thus, providing complete visualization of the anterior chamber angle and limited demonstration of the ciliary body. Because of its higher resolution, it may represent an interesting noninvasive alternative to ultrasound biomicroscopy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:218-222]
Choroidal Detachment After Vitreous Surgery
Authors: Fujikawa Azusa , Kitaoka Takashi , Miyamura Noritake , Amemiya Tsugio 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency and clinical features of choroidal detachment (CD) after vitreous surgery, because there have been no reports on this problem.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied the clinical features of 14 patients (15 eyes) with CD from a total of 380 patients treated with vitrectomy at the Nagasaki University Hospital from January 1994 to August 1997.
* RESULTS: The incidence of CD after vitreous surgery was 3.9% (15/380) . The reasons for vitrectomy were 6 retinal detachments, 4 proliferative diabetic retinopathies, and 5 others. During vitrectomy, 4 eyes were treated with scleral buckling, 11 with endolaser photocoagulation, and 3 with cryoretinopexy. Retinal detachment as a postoperative complication was seen in 8 patients, and in 5 of them the retina remained detached after the final treatment.
* CONCLUSIONS: CD may be caused by scleral buckling, panphotocoagulation, or stress on the ciliary body. Some patients with CD have a poor outcome.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:276-281]
Les passages circulaires d’une méthodologie croisée pour s’approcher d’un terrain de souvenirs.
Authors: Niemeyer Katharina , Siebert Olga , Silina Maria 
Published: April 2021

L’ostalgie (Ost = Est en allemand) désigne différentes formes de nostalgie de l’ancienne République démocratique allemande. La recherche dont découle ce récit méthodologique critique vise à combler le manque d’études sur les communautés (n)ostalgiques en ligne en posant la question principale suivante : De quoi les personnes (n)ostalgiques de la RDA se souviennent-elles et comment négocient-elles leurs souvenirs dans les réseaux socio-numériques ? Depuis novembre 2018, nous analysons les publications qui expriment de la (n)ostalgie de l’ancienne RDA – que ce soit sur Facebook ou via l’usage du #ostalgie sur Instagram. Nos observations nous permettent d’identifier des personnes actives dans ces groupes afin de les inviter à des entrevues semi-dirigées dans leur village ou ville. L’objectif est ainsi de comprendre les enchevêtrements (n)ostalgiques « en et hors ligne » et de mieux saisir le lien que les personnes interviewées entretiennent avec leurs souvenirs, les objets du passé et leur articulation dans le monde du numérique. Cette approche nous amène à des passages circulaires entre les traces numériques et celles qui nous sont racontées sous forme de souvenirs. L’observation en ligne se présente comme une porte qui ouvre et ferme un terrain de recherche politiquement sensible.
Confinement et entretien à distance : quels enjeux méthodologiques ?
Authors: Theviot Anaïs 
Published: April 2021

La première période de confinement en France, du 17 mars au 11 mai 2020, a demandé de repenser les méthodes de travail sur le plan pédagogique, mais aussi concernant la recherche, notamment pour des terrains éloignés géographiquement. À partir du 14 mars et sur décision du président américain Donald Trump, les frontières américaines étant fermées pour les voyageurs provenant d’Europe jusqu’à nouvel ordre, il a été nécessaire de reconfigurer les terrains d’enquête à l’étranger et d’adapter les méthodes en présentiel, telles que l’entretien semi-directif. J’ai donc réalisé des entretiens à distance sur Zoom, Skype, par téléphone et par chat sur Messenger. Opter pour des entretiens à distance demande de s’interroger et de repenser les modalités de prises de contact, de passation, d’enregistrement, de conduite de l’entretien, mais aussi le positionnement du chercheur et de l’enquêté. Comment se présenter soi-même, en tant que chercheuse, en ligne ? Quels sont les avantages et limites des outils de communication numérique pour réaliser des entretiens à distance ? Au-delà de l’outil technique, comment appréhender les spécificités de l’entretien à distance ? Comment le contexte de cette période de confinement joue-t-elle sur la conduite des entretiens à distance ? En définitive, un entretien à distance ne peut être appréhendé par l’enquêteur (et par l’enquêté) de la même façon qu’un entretien en face-à-face. Cet article vise à analyser les atouts et limites de cette méthode en ligne et d’interroger les spécificités propres à cette période de confinement pour l’enquête de terrain.
Viralité : la métaphore virale et ses limites
Authors: Roux Ugo 
Published: April 2021

La métaphore virale s’est imposée comme vocable usuel, que ce soit dans les médias, dans la société, chez les professionnels de la communication ou encore dans la recherche, pour désigner une dynamique communicationnelle entraînant de nombreux partages d’objets culturels dans des temps réduites au sein des médias sociaux. Comme dans toute métaphore, on observe le déplacement de la signification d’un mot ou d’une expression vers une autre signification ; ici du domaine épidémiologique au domaine communicationnel. Mais ce transport de signification n’est pas exempt de limites qui peuvent affecter la compréhension des récepteurs de la métaphore. Cet article propose tout d’abord de revenir sur la création de la métaphore virale, puis de dégager les limites de celle-ci.
Muscle Activation During Single-Legged Squat Is Affected by Position of the Nonstance Limb
Authors: Khuu Anne , Loverro Kari L. , Lewis Cara L. 
Published: April 2021

Context
The single-legged squat (SLS) is appropriate for targeting activation, strengthening, and neuromuscular retraining of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and quadriceps. However, the effects of different nonstance-limb positions on muscle activity have not been fully evaluated.

Objective
To compare the muscle activity of selected stance-limb hip muscles during the SLS using 3 nonstance-limb positions: in front (SLS-Front), in the middle (SLS-Middle), and in back (SLS-Back).

Design
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting
Biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 17 healthy adults (8 men, 9 women; age = 22.6 ± 3.6 years, height = 173.3 ± 10.7 cm, mass = 71.2 ± 11.0 kg) participated.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Surface electromyographic data of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, lateral hamstrings, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris, and tensor fascia lata (TFL) as well as kinetic data of the hip and knee were collected while participants performed the 3 SLS tasks. Mean muscle-activation levels during the descent and ascent phases for the selected hip muscles and hip and knee kinetics in all 3 planes were compared for the 3 tasks. Each variable of interest was analyzed using a separate linear regression model with a generalized estimating equations correction.

Results
Muscle-activation levels of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris, and TFL for the stance limb during descent (P ≤ .04) and the medial hamstrings and TFL during ascent (P ≤ .002) were different among the SLS tasks. The greatest number of differences occurred between SLS-Front and SLS-Back. During descent, gluteal muscle activity was greater in SLS-Front (P ≤ .03) and SLS-Middle (P = .03) than in SLS-Back. For both phases, TFL activity was greater during SLS-Front than during both SLS-Middle and SLS-Back (P ≤ .006). Kinetic differences at the hip and knee between SLS tasks were also observed (P values ≤ .02).

Conclusions
The 3 SLS tasks had different muscle-activation and kinetic profiles. Clinicians and researchers can vary nonstance-limb position during the SLS to manipulate muscle-activation levels and tailor the exercise to assist with goals at different stages of rehabilitation.