bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARP inhibitors promote stromal fibroblast activation by enhancing CCL5 autocrine signaling in ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Xiaoting , Fang Tian , Xu Sen , Jin Ping , Zhou Dongchen , Wang Zhengzheng , Li Huayi , Yang Zongyuan , Chen Gang , Zheng Xu , Xia Yu , Wei Xiao , Zhang Zeyu , Yang Xin , Wang Ya , Gao Qinglei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play significant roles in drug resistance through different ways. Antitumor therapies, including molecular targeted interventions, not only effect tumor cells but also modulate the phenotype and characteristics of CAFs, which can in turn blunt the therapeutic response. Little is known about how stromal fibroblasts respond to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in ovarian cancer (OC) and subsequent effects on tumor cells. This is a study to evaluate how CAFs react to PARPis and their potential influence on PARPi resistance in OC. We discovered that OC stromal fibroblasts exhibited intrinsic resistance to PARPis and were further activated after the administration of PARPis. PARPi-challenged fibroblasts displayed a specific secretory profile characterized by increased secretion of CCL5, MIP-3α, MCP3, CCL11, and ENA-78. Mechanistically, increased secretion of CCL5 through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was required for PARPi-induced stromal fibroblast activation in an autocrine manner. Moreover, neutralizing CCL5 partly reversed PARPi-induced fibroblast activation and boosted the tumor inhibitory effect of PARPis in both BRCA1/2-mutant and BRCA1/2-wild type xenograft models. Our study revealed that PARPis could maintain and improve stromal fibroblast activation involving CCL5 autocrine upregulation. Targeting CCL5 might offer a new treatment modality in overcoming the reality of PARPi resistance in OC.
Lunar samples record an impact 4.2 billion years ago that may have formed the Serenitatis Basin
Authors: Černok Ana , White Lee F. , Anand Mahesh , Tait Kimberly T. , Darling James R. , Whitehouse Martin , Miljković Katarina , Lemelin Myriam , Reddy Steven M. , Fougerouse Denis , Rickard William D. A. , Saxey David W. , Ghent Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImpact cratering on the Moon and the derived size-frequency distribution functions of lunar impact craters are used to determine the ages of unsampled planetary surfaces across the Solar System. Radiometric dating of lunar samples provides an absolute age baseline, however, crater-chronology functions for the Moon remain poorly constrained for ages beyond 3.9 billion years. Here we present U–Pb geochronology of phosphate minerals within shocked lunar norites of a boulder from the Apollo 17 Station 8. These minerals record an older impact event around 4.2 billion years ago, and a younger disturbance at around 0.5 billion years ago. Based on nanoscale observations using atom probe tomography, lunar cratering records, and impact simulations, we ascribe the older event to the formation of the large Serenitatis Basin and the younger possibly to that of the Dawes crater. This suggests the Serenitatis Basin formed unrelated to or in the early stages of a protracted Late Heavy Bombardment.
Robust detection of small and dense objects in images from autonomous aerial vehicles
Authors: Lee Joo Chan , Yoo JeongYeop , Kim Yongwoo , Moon SungTae , Ko Jong Hwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAerial images obtained from autonomous aerial vehicles have lots of small and densely distributed objects because of the capture distance. This paper proposes a deep neural network architecture and training/inference techniques for robust detection of objects in the aerial images. Based on cascade R‐CNN, the proposed model adopts the recursive feature pyramid and switchable atrous convolution for robust detection of dense objects. A patch‐level division and multi‐scale inference techniques are applied to effectively detect small objects. The results show that the proposed approach achieves the highest performance on the VisDrone test‐dev dataset, in the official ECCV VisDrone2020‐DET challenge.
MPS-ATLAS: A fast all-in-one code for synthesising stellar spectra
Authors: Witzke V. , Shapiro A. I. , Cernetic M. , Tagirov R. V. , Kostogryz N. M. , Anusha L. S. , Unruh Y. C. , Solanki S. K. , Kurucz R. L. 
Published: June 2021

Context. Stellar spectral synthesis is essential for various applications, ranging from determining stellar parameters to comprehensive stellar variability calculations. New observational resources as well as advanced stellar atmosphere modelling, taking three dimensional effects from radiative magnetohydrodynamics calculations into account, require a more efficient radiative transfer.
Aims. For accurate, fast and flexible calculations of opacity distribution functions (ODFs), stellar atmospheres, and stellar spectra, we developed an efficient code building on the well-established ATLAS9 code. The new code also paves the way for easy and fast access to different elemental compositions in stellar calculations.
Methods. For the generation of ODF tables, we further developed the well-established DFSYNTHE code by implementing additional functionality and a speed-up by employing a parallel computation scheme. In addition, the line lists used can be changed from Kurucz’s recent lists. In particular, we implemented the VALD3 line list.
Results. A new code, the Merged Parallelised Simplified ATLAS, is presented. It combines the efficient generation of ODF, atmosphere modelling, and spectral synthesis in local thermodynamic equilibrium, therefore being an all-in-one code. This all-in-one code provides more numerical functionality and is substantially faster compared to other available codes. The fully portable MPS-ATLAS code is validated against previous ATLAS9 calculations, the PHOENIX code calculations, and high-quality observations.
The young massive SMC cluster NGC 330 seen by MUSE
Authors: Bodensteiner J. , Sana H. , Wang C. , Langer N. , Mahy L. , Banyard G. , de Koter A. , de Mink S. E. , Evans C. J. , Götberg Y. , Patrick L. R. , Schneider F. R. N. , Tramper F. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Observations of massive stars in open clusters younger than ∼8 Myr have shown that a majority of them are in binary systems, most of which will interact during their life. While these can be used as a proxy of the initial multiplicity properties, studying populations of massive stars older than ∼20 Myr allows us to probe the outcome of these interactions after a significant number of systems have experienced mass and angular momentum transfer and may even have merged.Aims.Using multi-epoch integral-field spectroscopy, we aim to investigate the multiplicity properties of the massive-star population in the dense core of the ∼40 Myr old cluster NGC 330 in the Small Magellanic Cloud in order to search for possible imprints of stellar evolution on the multiplicity properties.Methods.We obtained six epochs of VLT/MUSE observations operated in wide-field mode with the extended wavelength setup and supported by adaptive optics. We extracted spectra and measured radial velocities for stars brighter thanmF814W = 19. We identified single-lined spectroscopic binaries through significant RV variability with a peak-to-peak amplitude larger than 20 km s−1. We also identified double-lined spectroscopic binaries, and quantified the observational biases for binary detection. In particular, we took into account that binary systems with similar line strengths are difficult to detect in our data set.Results.The observed spectroscopic binary fraction among stars brighter thanmF814W = 19 (approximately 5.5M⊙on the main sequence) isfSBobs= 13.2 ± 2.0%. Considering period and mass ratio ranges from log(P) = 0.15−3.5 (about 1.4 to 3160 d),q = 0.1−1.0, and a representative set of orbital parameter distributions, we find a bias-corrected close binary fraction offcl= 34−7+8%. This fraction seems to decline for the fainter stars, which indicates either that the close binary fraction drops in the B-type domain, or that the period distribution becomes more heavily weighted toward longer orbital periods. We further find that both fractions vary strongly in different regions of the color-magnitude diagram, which corresponds to different evolutionary stages. This probably reveals the imprint of the binary history of different groups of stars. In particular, we find that the observed spectroscopic binary fraction of Be stars (fSBobs= 2 ± 2%) is significantly lower than that of B-type stars (fSBobs= 9 ± 2%).Conclusions.We provide the first homogeneous radial velocity study of a large sample of B-type stars at a low metallicity ([Fe/H] ≲ −1.0). The overall bias-corrected close binary fraction (log(P) < 3.5 d) of the B-star population in NGC 330 is lower than the fraction reported for younger Galactic and Large Magellanic Cloud clusters in previous works. More data are needed, however, to establish whether the observed differences are caused by an age or a metallicity effect.
The similarity of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov to Solar System comets from high-resolution optical spectroscopy
Authors: Opitom C. , Jehin E. , Hutsemékers D. , Shinnaka Y. , Manfroid J. , Rousselot P. , Raghuram S. , Kawakita H. , Fitzsimmons A. , Meech K. , Micheli M. , Snodgrass C. , Yang B. , Hainaut O. 
Published: June 2021

Aims. 2I/Borisov (hereafter 2I) is the first visibly active interstellar comet observed in the Solar System, allowing us for the first time to sample the composition of a building block from another system. We report on the monitoring of 2I with the Ultraviolet-Visual Echelle Spectrograph, the high-resolution optical spectrograph of the ESO Very Large Telescope at Paranal, for four months from November 15, 2019 to March 16, 2020. Our goal is to characterise the activity and composition of 2I with respect to Solar System comets.
Methods. We collected high-resolution spectra at 12 different epochs from 2.1 au pre-perihelion to 2.6 au post-perihelion.
Results. On December 24 and 26, 2019, close to perihelion, we detected several OH lines of the 309 nm (0–0) band and derived a water production rate of 2.2 ± 0.2 × 1026 molecules s−1. The three [OI] forbidden oxygen lines were detected at different epochs and we derived a green-to-red doublet intensity ratio (G/R) of 0.31 ± 0.05 close to perihelion. The NH2 ortho and para lines from various bands were measured and allowed us to derive an ortho-to-para abundance ratio (OPR) of 3.21 ± 0.15, corresponding to an OPR and spin temperature of ammonia of 1.11 ± 0.08 and 31−5+10 K, respectively. These values are consistent with the values usually measured for Solar System comets. Emission lines of the radicals NH (336 nm), CN (388 nm), CH (431 nm), and C2 (517 nm) were also detected. Several FeI and NiI lines were identified and their intensities were measured to provide a ratio of log (NiI/FeI) = 0.21 ± 0.18, which is in agreement with the value recently found in Solar System comets.
Conclusions. Our high spectral resolution observations of 2I/Borisov and the associated measurements of the NH2 OPR and the Ni/Fe abundance ratio are remarkably similar to Solar System comets. Only the G/R ratio is unusually high, but it is consistent with the high abundance ratio of CO/H2O found by other investigators.
Die Rolle des Mikrobioms bei urologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Atzler Michael , Westhofen Thilo , Tamalunas Alexander , Schott Melanie , Keller Patrick , Ebner Benedikt , Stief Christian , Magistro Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz moderner molekularer Technologien gab uns im letzten Jahrzehnt neue Einblicke in die komplexen Interaktionen des menschlichen Mikrobioms in Bezug auf Gesundheit und Krankheitsentstehung. Hierbei wurde unter anderem das Sterilitätskonzept des Harntrakts verworfen, sodass man sich nun als Ziel gesetzt hat, die verschiedenen mikrobiellen Signaturen zu identifizieren, die mit diversen Erkrankungen assoziiert sind. So stehen Dysbalancen des Mikrobioms zunehmend im Verdacht, negative Auswirkungen auf diverse maligne und benigne Krankheitsbilder zu verursachen. Kürzlich konnten solche Zusammenhänge auch für das Prostatakarzinom, Nierenzellkarzinom und Harnblasenkarzinom gezeigt werden. Das Ergebnis hiervon ist die Entdeckung potenziell neuer Biomarker zur Diagnostik und als Therapieziel der genannten Erkrankungen. Für die Diagnostik einiger benigner Krankheitsbilder wie der interstitiellen Zystitis, der Dranginkontinenz und der chronischen Prostatitis bzw. dem chronischen Beckenschmerzsyndrom galt eine mikrobielle Beteiligung bislang als Ausschlusskriterium. Jedoch zeigen auch hier die aktuellen Studien, dass das patientenindividuelle Mikrobiom durchaus Einfluss auf Entstehung und Ausprägung der jeweiligen Erkrankung haben kann.
Stationsäquivalente Behandlung – Vergleich von Direktaufnahmen mit Überweisungen von psychiatrischen Stationen
Authors: Klocke Luisa , Brieger Peter , Ketisch Eva , Hamann Johannes 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die stationsäquivalente Behandlung (StäB) stellt eine Alternative zur stationären Krankenhausbehandlung dar. Im StäB München wird etwa die Hälfte der Patienten direkt aufgenommen und die andere Hälfte von Stationen zuverlegt. Bislang fehlen Daten, wie sich diese beiden Gruppen unterscheiden.
Methodik Auswertung der Daten aller Patienten der ersten 13 Monate der Münchener StäB (N = 169).
Ergebnisse Direktaufnahmen hatten häufiger affektive Erkrankungen, waren weniger schwer krank, zeigten seltener eine Sprachbarriere und gingen öfter einer Erwerbstätigkeit nach. Bei 66 % der Verlegungen war bei stationärer Aufnahme mindestens ein Ausschlusskriterium für eine StäB dokumentiert. Die Dauer der StäB-Behandlung unterschied sich für die beiden Gruppen nicht relevant.
Schlussfolgerung StäB stellt auch für Patienten, die zunächst die StäB-Einschlusskriterien nicht erfüllen, eine Möglichkeit der Behandlung im Anschluss an eine gewisse Stabilisierung dar.
Preparation and Standardization of Nosodes Sourced from Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhi, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Candida Albicans Strains
Authors: Munshi Renuka , Talele Gitanjali , Shah Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Homeopathic nosodes prepared from organisms and pathological tissues have shown biological effects, encouraging more research. There is a need to develop some new nosodes systematically and to re-make others that were developed over a century ago. In our program of work on nosodes, the bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae (BAA 2146), Salmonella typhi and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 43069), and the single-celled fungus Candida albicans (24433, 26790, and 60193) have been identified for preparation.
Materials and Methods The systematic and scientific method of preparation of nosodes includes identification, culture, quantification, characterization, preparation, and standardization. Under laminar flow, a suspension of respective bacterial and fungal cells (20 billion cells/mL) was processed as per the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India (HPI). Culture tests, sterility tests and molecular testing (polymerase chain reaction) were performed to establish the absence of contamination, live organisms and DNA material.
Results K. pneumoniae, S. typhi (single, bivalent, or polyvalent), N. gonorrhoeae, and C. albicans nosodes (single and polyvalent) were sourced and prepared from different strains of respective cultures. The nosode preparations were processed by serial dilution and potentization, normally following the HPI guidelines. Molecular test results showed the absence of live organisms or DNA material; culture and sterility test results demonstrated the safety profile of the potentized nosodes.
Conclusion K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, N. gonorrhoeae and C. albicans nosodes were successfully prepared. Their therapeutic potential may now be evaluated.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Candida albicans Nosodes
Authors: Munshi Renuka , Talele Gitanjali , Shah Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background This study presents the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay of a series of nosodes: namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Candida albicans. Each was tested against its corresponding infection as well as cross infections.
Methods In-vitro efficacy of polyvalent nosodes was tested using the MIC assay technique. The nosodes, namely C. albicans polyvalent nosode (35c, 100c), N. gonorrhoeae (35c), K. pneumoniae (35c, 100c), E. coli polyvalent nosode (35c, 100c) and Salmonella typhi polyvalent nosode (30c, 100c), were tested along with positive and negative controls. Nosodes were studied in different potencies and at 1:1 dilution.
Results C. albicans polyvalent nosode 35c, 100c, N. gonorrhoeae 35c, and positive control amphotericin B showed inhibition of the growth of C. albicans species. K. pneumoniae 35c, E. coli polyvalent nosode 100c, and meropenem (positive control) showed inhibition of the growth of K. pneumoniae; this effect was not seen with ceftriaxone, ofloxacin and amoxicillin antibiotics. E. coli polyvalent nosode 30c in 10% alcohol (direct and dilution 1:1) and the positive controls ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and amoxicillin showed inhibition of the growth of E. coli. The S. typhi polyvalent nosode 30c in 10% alcohol showed inhibition of growth of S. typhi.
Conclusion This study reveals that the tested nosodes exhibited antibacterial potential against the corresponding micro-organisms and against other selected organisms studied using this assay.
Do Physical Activity and Sleep Correlate with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Total Hip Arthroplasty?
Authors: Tang Alex , Behery Omar A. , Singh Vivek , Yeroushalmi David , Davidovitch Roy , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients have increasingly high expectations of return to activity following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The current literature demonstrates marked improvements in subjective patient-reported satisfaction, and pain and functional outcomes following THA. However, there is limited evidence showing objective improvement in gait and sleep measures. The purpose of this study was to compare accelerometry-measured physical activity and sleep to patient-reported outcomes following THA.A nonrandomized, prospective cohort study was performed at a single institution from 2017 to 2019. Patients were included in the study if they were ≥ 18 years old, had a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip, and were undergoing primary, elective THA. Eligible patients received a tracker device upon enrollment which recorded the average number of daily steps and minutes slept at baseline, 1 to 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement (HOOS Jr) scores were recorded at the same intervals. Paired two-tailed t-tests and chi-squared analyses were performed to compare means. Pearson correlation tests were utilized to determine the correlation between objective measurements and HOOS Jr.Fifty subjects were enrolled, however, only 41 had sufficient data for analysis at 3-month follow-up. Patients demonstrated improved HOOS Jr scores from preoperatively to 2 weeks (p < 0.001) and 3 months (p < 0.001) postoperatively. Average daily steps ambulated and minutes slept preoperatively were statistically similar to average daily steps and minutes slept 3 months postoperatively (p = 0.67 and p = 0.24, respectively). Pearson correlation models only detected a weak negative correlation between average steps preop and preop HOOS Jr (r = –0.401, p = 0.013).Patients returned to similar ambulation distances and sleep time by 3 months postoperatively. Changes in accelerometry-measured activity level and sleep may not correlate with functional outcomes in early follow-ups after THA. While patients report improvements in subjective clinical outcomes, our findings suggest a return to preoperative levels in objective measures at 3 months post-THA.
Acetabular Labral Tear Dimensions and Number of Suture Anchors Used to Repair in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Dumont Guillaume D. , Pacana Matthew J. , Money Adam J. , Ergen Thomas J. , Barnes Allen J. , Their Zachary T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFemoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is commonly associated with acetabular labral tears. Correction of impingement morphology and suture anchor repair of labral tears have demonstrated successful early and midterm patient-reported outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the posterior and anterior extent and size of labral tears in patients with FAIS undergoing arthroscopic labral repair, and to evaluate the number of suture anchors required to repair these tears. The design of this study was retrospective case series (Level 4). A single surgeon's operative database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients undergoing primary arthroscopic hip labral repair between November 2014 and September 2019. Patient-specific factors and radiographic measurements were recorded. Arthroscopic findings including labral tear posterior and anterior extents, and the number of suture anchors utilized for the repair were recorded. Linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with labral tear size. The number of suture anchors used relative to labral tear size was calculated. Three-hundred and thirteen patients were included in the study. The mean posterior and anterior extent for labral tears were 11:22 ± 52 and 2:20 ± 34 minutes, respectively. Mean tear size was 2 hours, 58 minutes ± 45 minutes. The mean number of suture anchors utilized for labral repair was 3.1 ± 0.7. The mean number of anchors per hour of labral tear was 1.1 ± 0.3. Increased age, lateral center edge angle, and α angle were associated with larger labral tears. Our study found that acetabular labral tears associated with FAIS are, on average, 3 hours in size and centered in the anterosuperior quadrant of the acetabulum. Arthroscopic labral repair required 1.1 anchors per hour of tear size, resulting in a mean of 3.1 anchors per repair.
Poor Functional Outcomes in Pediatric Intensive Care Survivors in Brazil: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Dannenberg Vanessa C. , Borba Gabrielle C. , Rovedder Paula M. E. , Carvalho Paulo R. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurvivors of pediatric critical illnesses develop temporary or permanent functional impairments. We do not have enough data on Brazilian children, however, and the available evidence mainly shows results from high-income countries. Our objective was to assess changes in the functional status of children and adolescents surviving critical illnesses in Brazil, and to identify which factors contribute to these functional changes at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) discharge. To develop this cross-sectional study, two researchers blinded to previous patient information applied the Functional Status Scale (FSS) with patients and caregivers at two different times in a tertiary PICU. The FSS examines six function domains as follows: (1) mental status, (2) sensory functioning, (3) communication, (4) motor functioning, (5) feeding, and (6) respiratory status. The functional decline/poor outcome was defined as an increase in points sufficient to alter the FSS total scores at discharge when comparing to the total baseline score. A total of 303 patients completed the study. Of these, 199 (66%) were with previous chronic conditions. The prevalence of functional decrease was 68% at PICU discharge. Young age (<12 months) and mechanical ventilation time ≥11 days increased by 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.74, p < 0.001) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.49–2.03, p < 0.001), respectively, the chances of poor functional results at PICU discharge. This study is the first in Brazil to show that during the episode of critical illness, young age (≤12 months) and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation independently increased the chances of functional impairment in children.