bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Empirical Equations for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration in Different Climates of Iran
Authors: Sharafi Saeed , Ghaleni Mehdi Mohammadi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETref) is a crucial component for modeling hydrological and ecological cycles. The goal of this study was the calibration of 32 empirical equations used to determine ETref in the three classes of temperature-based, solar radiation-based and mass transfer–based evapotranspiration. The calibration was based on measurements taken between the years 1990 and 2019 at 41 synoptic stations located in very dry, dry, semidry and humid climates of Iran. The performance of the original and calibrated empirical equations compared to the PM-FAO56 equation was evaluated based on model evaluation techniques including: the coefficient of determination (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), the average percentage error (APE), the mean bias error (MBE), the index of agreement (D) and the scatter index (SI). The results show that the calibrated Baier and Robertson equation for temperature-based models, the Makkink equation for solar radiation–based models and the Penman equation for mass transfer–based models performed better than the original empirical equations. The calibrated equations had, respectively, an average R2 = 0.73, 0.67 and 0.78; RMSE = 35.14, 35.02 and 30.20 mm year− 1; and MBE=-5.6, -3.89 and 2.57 mm year− 1. The original empirical equations had values of average R2 = 0.60, 0.37 and 0.65; RMSE = 68.34, 66.98 and 52.62 mm year− 1; and MBE=-5.75, 4.26 and 8.99 mm year− 1, respectively. The calibrated empirical equations for very dry climate (e.g. Zabol, Zahedan, Bam, Iranshahr and Chabahar stations) also significantly reduced the SI value from SI > 0.3 (poor class) to SI < 0.1 (excellent class). Therefore, the calibrated empirical equations are highly recommended for estimating ETref in different climates.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Uptake Related to Influenza Vaccine Among Healthcare Workers in Tunisia
Authors: Cherif Ines , Kharroubi Ghassen , Bouabid Leila , Gharbi Adel , Boukthir Aicha , Alaya Nissaf Ben , Salah Afif Ben , Bettaieb Jihene 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:The influenza vaccine (IV) is considered the most effective strategy to prevent seasonal influenza infection and annual vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended by the World Health Organization given their high mixing with patients. We assessed IV uptake among HCWs in the 2018-2019 season and explored their knowledge and attitudes regarding influenza immunization.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 representative Tunisian health facilities from March to May 2019. We recruited 1,231 HCWs with direct patient contact using self-weighted multistage sampling. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses permitted to assess the factors associated with IV uptake in the 2018­–2019 influenza season. Results:Among 1,231 health professionals enrolled in this study, less than half (36.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.9-39.4) received the IV at least once in their lives and only 15.3% (CI: 13.3-17.4) were vaccinated against influenza in the 2018–2019 influenza season. High confidence regarding IV efficacy, belief about the mandatory character of influenza vaccination for HCWs, and IV uptake in the 4 years preceding the 2018­–2019 influenza season were independently associated with higher IV uptake by multivariate analysis. However, participants with high educational level were less likely to receive the IV than those with the lowest educational level. Conclusions:Our study revealed a low vaccination rate among Tunisian HCWs confirming the importance of tailored education programs targeting this population.
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Body Mass Index for Diabetic Patients with Non-metastasis Gastric Cancer: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Ye Zaisheng , Wei Shenghong , Zeng Yi , Wang Yi , Lin Zhitao , Shu Chen , Xie Yunqing , Zheng Qiuhong , Chen Lu Chuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
AIM: This study was designed to investigate the prognostic effect of preoperative body mass index (BMI) for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with non-metastasis gastric cancer (GC) who underwent D2 gastrectomy.METHODS：T2DM patients with pT1-4bN0-3bM0 GC were retrospectively collected in our cancer center from January, 2000 to December, 2010. Chi-square test was used to analyze unordered categorical variables and ranked data, followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis as well as Cox regression models to detect risk factors for survival outcomes. In addition, the cut-off point was determined by the X-tile program. All analyses were carried out using survival package of R and SPSS Software. RESULTS： A total of 302 T2DM patients with pT1-4bN0-3bM0 GC were collected and analyzed. The cut-off point of BMI, identified by the X-tile program, was 19 kg/m2. Patients with low BMI (< 19 kg/m2) had a higher percentage of advanced T stage (T4a and T4b), more advanced TNM stage(stage IIIA, IIIB and IIIC), and more elevated level of serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), compared to those with high BMI(>19 kg/m2)(all P < 0.05). In the low BMI subgroup, the 5-year overall survival rate was 39.02%, which was as high as 58.11% in the high BMI subgroup (P < 0.05). In the multivariate Cox regression model revealed that IIIC stage (OR= 3.101), N3b stage (OR= 3.113) were the most important prognostic indicators, followed by pretreatment BMI (OR= 2.136). CONCLUSION: Low preoperative BMI (<19 kg/m2) was a poor prognostic marker for T2DM patients with pT1-4bN0-3bM0 GC.
Sentiment Analysis of Pets Using Deep Learning Technologies in Artificial Intelligence of Things System
Authors: Tsai Ming-Fong , Huang Jhao-Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research paper proposes sentiment analysis of pets using deep learning technologies in the artificial intelligence of things system. Mask R-CNN is used to detect image objects and generate contour mask maps, pose analysis algorithms are used to obtain object posture information, and at the same time object sound signals are converted into spectrograms as features, using deep learning image recognition technology to obtain object emotion information. By using the fusion of object posture and emotional characteristics as the basis for pet emotion identification and analysis, the detected specific pet behaviour states will be actively notified to the owner for processing. Compared with traditional speech recognition, which uses mel-frequency cepstral coefficients for feature extraction, coupled with a Gaussian mixture model-hidden Markov model for voice recognition, the experimental method of this research paper effectively improves the accuracy by 80%.
Trichomonas Vaginalis Induces Apoptosis via ROS and ER Stress Through ER-mitochondria Crosstalk in Human Cervical Epithelial Cells
Authors: Gao Fei Fei , Quan Juan-Hua , Lee Min A , Ye Wei , Yuk Jae-Min , Cha Guang-Ho , Choi In-Wook , Lee Young-Ha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Human trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in apoptosis induction by T. vaginalis in human cervical epithelial SiHa cellsMethods: We evaluated the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ER stress response, and Bcl-2 family protein expressions using LDH assay, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, JC-1 dye staining, and western blotting.Results: T. vaginalis induced LDH-dependent cytotoxicity, mitochondrial ROS production, and apoptosis in SiHa cells, parasite burden- and infection time-dependently. T. vaginalis also induced ER stress response and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as MMP depolarization and imbalance in levels of Bcl-2 family proteins, in SiHa cells in a parasite burden- and infection time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with N-Acetyl cysteine (ROS scavenger) or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA, ER stress inhibitor) significantly alleviated apoptosis, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress response in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggested that SiHa cell apoptosis is affected by ROS and ER stress after T. gondii infection. In addition, T. vaginalis induced ASK1 and JNK phosphorylation in SiHa cells, however 4-PBA or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) pretreatment significantly attenuated ASK1/JNK phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and ER stress response in SiHa cells, dose-dependently.Conclusions: T. vaginalis induces mitochondrial apoptosis via ROS and parasite-mediated ER stress via the IRE1/ASK1/JNK/Mcl-1 pathways, and also induces ER stress response directly and mitochondrial ROS-dependently in human cervical epithelial SiHa cells, thus, T. vaginalis induces apoptosis via ROS and ER stress through ER-mitochondria crosstalk in human cervical epithelial cells. These results expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of human trichomoniasis.
Hybrid Domain Evaluation PTS with Adaptive Selection Methods for PAPR Reduction
Authors: Hu Feng , Lu Yuan , JIN Libiao , Liu Jianbo , Xia Zhiping , Zhang Guoting Zhang , Xiao Jingting Xiao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique is a fairly suitable scheme to mitigate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem inherent in 5G multicarrier system-especially considering high-order QAM modulation design. However, the high computational complexity level and the speed of the convergence for optimizing the phases of the transmitting signal restricts this technique in practical applications. In this paper, a low-complexity frequency domain evaluated PTS (F-PTS) based on spacing multi-objective (SMO) processing algorithm is proposed to reduce the PAPR values. The PAPR performance are accurately predicted in terms of modifying relative dispersion in the frequency domain. As a result, the complexity of searching the optimal phase factors and IFFT computing is simplified. Moreover, frequency domain and time domain evaluating PTS (FTD-PTS) is employed to search the optimal solution within reasonable complexity. Simulation results verify that the F-PTS scheme can obtain well secondary peaks with lower computational complexity, and the FTD-PTS scheme effectively reduces PAPR with a faster convergence speed.
Population Variation Altered Aggression-associated Oxytocin and Vasopressin Expressions in Brains of Brandt’s Voles in Field Conditions
Authors: Huang Shuli , Li Guoliang , Pan Yongliang , Liu Jing , Zhao Jidong , Zhang Xin , Lu Wei , Wan Xinrong , Krebs Charles J , Wang Zuoxin , Han Wenxuan , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Density-dependent change in aggressive behavior is essential for regulating the population dynamics of many small rodents, but the underlying neurological mechanisms have not been examined in field conditions. We hypothesized that aggression-associated oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) in specific regions of the brain may be closely related to aggressive behaviors and population changes of small rodents. In this study, we analyzed the associations of OT and AVP expression as well as aggressive behavior with population density of Brandt’s voles in 24 large semi-natural enclosures (0.48 ha for each enclosure) in Inner Mongolia grassland. Then we tested the effects of population density on the OT/AVP system and aggressive behavior in experimentally manipulated populations of Brandt’s voles in the semi-natural enclosures. High density was positively and significantly associated with more aggressive behavior, and increased expression of mRNA and protein of AVP and its receptor, but decreased expression of mRNA and protein of OT and its receptor in specific brain regions of the voles. Our study suggests that OT/AVP systems are important in regulating the density-dependent population dynamics via aggressive behavior of small rodents, and they can be used as indicators of population variation or density-dependent stressors.
A new spin on single-pixel imaging: spatial light modulation at megahertz switch rates via cyclic Hadamard masks
Authors: Hahamovich Evgeny , Monin Sagi , Hazan Yoav , Rosenthal Amir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Optical imaging is commonly performed with either a camera and wide-field illumination or with a single detector and a collimated beam that scans the imaged object. Unfortunately, sources that can be collimated and cameras do not exist at all wavelengths and may not always achieve the specifications required for a given application. Single-pixel imaging (SPI) offers an alternative that requires a single detector and may be performed with wide-field illumination, potentially enabling imaging applications in which both the detection and illumination technologies are immature. However, SPI currently struggles with low imaging rates owing to its reliance on configurable spatial light modulators, whose rates do not generally exceed 22 kHz. In this work, we develop an approach towards rapid SPI which relies on cyclic patterns coded onto a spinning mask and demonstrate it for in vivo imaging of C. elegans worms. Spatial modulation rates of up to 2.4 MHz and imaging rates of up to 72 fps are reported, creating new opportunities for using the SPI paradigm in dynamic imaging scenarios.
Comparison between the human landing catch (HLC), an exposure-free mosquito-electrocuting trap (MET) and a BG-Sentinel trap (BGS) for evaluation of transfluthrin emanator against Aedes aegypti using choice and no-choice tests in a semi-field system
Authors: Tambwe Mgeni Mohamed , Saddler Adam , Kibondo Ummi Abdul , Mashauri Rajabu , Kreppel Katharina S. , Govella Nicodem J. , Moore Sarah J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The human landing catch (HLC) measures human exposure to mosquito bites and evaluates the efficacy of vector control tools. However, it may expose volunteers to potentially infected mosquitoes. The mosquito electrocuting trap (MET) and BG-Sentinel traps (BGS) represent alternative, exposure-free methods for sampling host-seeking mosquitoes. This study investigates whether these methods can be effectively used as alternatives to HLC for measuring the efficacy transfluthrin against Aedes aegypti.
Methods

The protective efficacy (PE) of freestanding passive transfluthrin emanators (FTPEs), measured by HLC, MET and BGS were compared in no-choice and choice tests. The methods were located 2 m from an experimental hut with FTPEs positioned 3 m on either side of them. For the choice experiment, a competitor HLC was included 10 m from the first collection point. One hundred laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were released and collected for three consecutive hours.
Results

In the no-choice test, each method measured similar PE; HLC: 66% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50–82), MET: 55% (95% CI: 48–63) and BGS: 64% (95% CI: 54–73). The proportion of mosquitoes recaptured was consistent between methods (20–24%) in treatment and varied (47–71%) in the control. However, in choice tests, the PE measured by each method varied; HLC: 37% (95% CI: 25–50%), MET: 76% (95% CI: 61–92) and BGS trap: 0% (95% CI: 0–100). Recaptured mosquitoes were no longer consistent between methods in treatment (2–26%) and remained variable in the control (7–42%). FTPE provided 50% PE to the second HLC 10 m away. In the control, the MET and the BGS were less efficacious in collecting mosquitoes in the presence of a second HLC.
Conclusions

Measurement of the PE in isolation was fairly consistent for HLC, MET and BGS. Because HLC is not advisable, it is reasonable to use MET / BGS as a proxy for HLC for testing VP in areas of active arboviruses endemic areas. The presence of a human host in close proximity invalidated the PE estimates from BGS and METs. Findings also indicated that transfluthrin can protect multiple people in the peridomestic area and that at short-range mosquitoes select humans over the BGS.
Host Habitat Is the Major Determinant of the Gut Microbiome of Fish
Authors: Kim Pil Soo , Shin Na-Ri , Lee Jae-Bong , Kim Min-Soo , Whon Tae Woong , Hyun Dong-Wook , Yun Ji-Hyun , Jung Mi-Ja , Kim Joon Yong , Bae Jin-Woo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Our understanding of the gut microbiota of animals is largely based on studies of mammals. To better understand the evolutionary basis of symbiotic relationships between animal hosts and indigenous microbes, it is necessary to investigate the gut microbiota of non-mammalian vertebrate species. In particular, fish have the highest species diversity among groups of vertebrates, with approximately 33,000 species. In this study, we comprehensively characterized gut bacterial communities in fish.Results: We analyzed 227 individual fish representing 14 orders, 42 families, 79 genera, and 85 species. The fish gut microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria (51.7%) and Firmicutes (13.5%), different from the dominant taxa reported in terrestrial vertebrates (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes). The gut microbial community in fish was more strongly shaped by host habitat than by host taxonomy or trophic level. Using a machine learning approach trained on the microbial community composition or predicted functional profiles, we found that the host habitat exhibited the highest classification accuracy. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the gut bacterial community of fish differs significantly from those of other vertebrate classes (reptiles, birds, and mammals).Conclusions: Collectively, these data provide a reference for future studies of the gut microbiome of aquatic animals as well as insights into the relationship between fish and their gut bacteria, including the key role of host habitat and the distinct compositions in comparison with those of mammals, reptiles, and birds.
Improved Teleconnective Predictability of Monthly Precipitation Amounts Using Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Ghamghami Mahdi , Bazrafshan Javad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the application of the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to predict monthly precipitation amounts (predictands) by benefitting from 17 large-scale climate indices (predictors) in Iran. Monthly precipitation data, covering the period of 1987–2017, were collected from 100 weather stations across the country. Monthly precipitations were predicted using the multiple linear regression (MLR) models, based on the 1- to 6-month lead times of the original and canonical predictors. The cross-validation was conducted to compare the prediction skills of the two sets of MLR models constructed on the basis of the original predictors (MLOrigPr) and the canonical predictors (MLCCAPr). The analyses revealed the dominant teleconnections and that there are the interannual variations in responses of precipitation to them suggesting that a signal only is not sufficient to achieve a robust understanding of the associations. At the 1-month lead time, the MLR models based on the canonical predictors outperformed those based on the original predictors. However, the skill of both models was reduced by increasing the lead times up to 6 months. Averaging on all stations, around 61.4% and 26.3% of the observed values falls into the 95% prediction intervals of the MLCCAPr and MLOrigPr models, respectively. Furthermore, the MLCCAPr models were found to be more spatially universal than the MLOrigPr ones. These findings corroborated the advantage of using the CCA in improving the teleconnective predictability of precipitation in Iran.
Liquid State Properties and Solidification Features of the Pseudo Binary BaS-La2S3
Authors: Boury Charles , Allanore Antoine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The high temperature thermodynamic properties of chalcogenides materials based on BaS remain elusive, and herein the La2S3 pseudo binary system is investigated above 1573 K. The liquid properties of BaS-La2S3 are measured by means of high resolution in-situ visualization coupled with thermal arrest measurements in a thermal imaging furnace. This enables to report for the first observation of such melts in a containerless setting. The melting points of BaS and La2S3 are revisited at 2454 K and 2004 K respectively. La2S3 demonstrates a high stability in its liquid state, in strike difference with the sublimation observed for BaS. BaS is however partially stabilized with the addition of few percents of La2S3.The remarkable chemical and thermal stability of La2S3-rich samples, contrasts with the partial decomposition and high vapor pressure observed for BaS-rich samples. Observations and analysis of the solidified samples suggests three different solid solutions. Solid and liquid densities are investigated along the different compositions, supporting a first estimate of the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient for La2S3.
Mace-like carbon fibers/ZnO nanorods composites derived from Typha orientalis as ultralight and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorber
Authors: Dong Yanyan , Zhu Xiaojie , Pan Fei , Deng Baiwen , Liu Zhicheng , Zhang Xiang , Huang Chuang , Xiang Zhen , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inspired by the nature, biomass-derived carbon attracts many attentions as the electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) material owing to its advantages including abundant, low cost, renewable and environmentally friendly. However, it is difficult to make further breakthrough in effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) due to the impedance mismatch. In this work, mace-like carbon fibers/ZnO nanorods composites (BDCFs@ZnO) derived from Typha orientalis were prepared via a carbonization process and a subsequent hydrothermal process for the first time. The unique hollow structure of BDCFs and the construction of 3D interconnected conductive network led to the strong conduction loss and multiple reflection. The BDCFs sample possesses an excellent EMA performance with an ultralow filling ratio of only 5wt%. After directionally growing of the ZnO nanorods, an exceptional RL of -62.35 dB at 14.12 GHz and the EAB achieves 6.8 GHz at the thickness of 2.29 mm at a filling ratio of 15wt% were revealed. Mace-like ZnO with suitable permittivity effectively avoid the reflection result from direct contraction between EMW and carbon fiber, further improving impedance match. Simultaneously, a dielectric sum-quotient model was proposed to analyze the EMA performance of the samples. This work not only offers an inspiration for the development of dielectric loss-type EMA materials with lightweight and strong EMA performance by a sustainable, low-cost and easily available approach, but also provides an important strategy toward biomass-derived carbon-fiber-based composites in other fields.