bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of COVID-19 outbreak origin in China in 2019 using differentiation method for unusual epidemiological events
Authors: Radosavljevic Vladan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Origin of outbreaks could be natural, accidental, deliberate, and caused by a new or re-emerging bioagent. The aim of this study was the retrospective analysis of whether the COVID-19 outbreak was natural, accidental, deliberate one, or caused by a new or re-emerging bioagent.

Methods
Analysis was performed according to the Radosavljevic–Belojevic method for outbreak scoring and differentiation. Data for the application of this method were obtained by literature review in the Medline database for the period from 2000 to 2020.

Results
The analysis of the unusual COVID-19 outbreak shows that the present official assumption of its natural origin is questionable and pointed out to a probability that the pathogen could have also been accidentally introduced in the human population.

Conclusion
There are no conclusive pieces of evidence about the reservoir of the pathogen or the source of infection. These parameters are essential for the final clarification of the outbreak origin. This study suggests that the COVID-19 outbreak is a consequence of an accidental release of a new COVID-19 virus, probably during the technical accident and/or negligent violation of hygienic norms in the laboratory facility. Further epidemiological, microbiological, and forensic analyses are needed to clarify the COVID-19 outbreak.
Ultrasound-enhanced biosynthesis of uniform ZnO nanorice using Swietenia macrophylla seed extract and its in vitro anticancer activity
Authors: Low Darren Yi Sern , Mahendra Camille Keisha , Supramaniam Janarthanan , Tan Loh Teng Hern , Lee Learn Han , Manickam Sivakumar , Goh Bey Hing , Tan Khang Wei , Tang Siah Ying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, ultrasonically driven biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Swietenia macrophylla seed ethyl acetate fraction (SMEAF) has been reported. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirmed the presence of a pure hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. Field emission scanning electron microscope images revealed the formation of uniquely identifiable uniform rice-shaped biologically synthesized ZnOSMEAF particles. The particle sizes of the biosynthesized NPs ranged from 262 to 311 nm. The underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis of ZnOSMEAF under ultrasound have been proposed based on FTIR and XRD results. The anticancer activity of the as-prepared ZnOSMEAF was investigated against HCT-116 human colon cancer cell lines via methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. ZnOSMEAF exhibited significant anticancer activity against colon cancer cells with higher potency than ZnO particles prepared using the chemical method and SMEAF alone. Exposure of HCT-116 colon cancer cells to ZnOSMEAF promoted a remarkable reduction in cell viability in all the tested concentrations. This study suggests that green sonochemically induced ZnO NPs using medicinal plant extract could be a potential anticancer agent for biomedical applications.
The choice of information sources and marketing channel of Bali cattle farmers in Bali Province
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Ari Kusuma , Syahlani Suci Paramitasari , Haryadi Fransiskus Trisakti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aims of this research were to calculate marketing efficiency and to identify the information sources of cattle farmers who select direct or indirect channel of cattle selling. This study used a descriptive research design. Respondents in this research were determined by quota and judgmental sampling methods. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews. Data collected were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 66.67% and 33.33% of farmers selected indirect channel and direct channel, respectively. Among the latter, all the farmers sold to butcher, inter-island traders, or end consumers on Muslim religious ceremony. Indirect channel farmers obtained 83.72% of producer’s share, while in the direct selling method farmers obtained the entire share. However, marketing efficiency of indirect marketing channel was better with 20.22 than the direct marketing channel with 29.70. Furthermore, in the direct marketing channel, most farmers received information from buyers (25.86%) and farmers in the indirect marketing channel received from family members (20.29%). All farmers obtained similar impersonal information from televised media. In conclusion, farmers in direct channel received more income but indirect marketing channel gave a better marketing efficiency. Lastly, majority of farmers in both channels received information from personal sources.
On the similarity to nonnegative and Metzler Hessenberg forms
Authors: Grussler Christian , Rantzer Anders 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We address the issue of establishing standard forms for nonnegative and Metzler matrices by considering their similarity to nonnegative and Metzler Hessenberg matrices. It is shown that for dimensions n 3, there always exists a subset of nonnegative matrices that are not similar to a nonnegative Hessenberg form, which in case of n = 3 also provides a complete characterization of all such matrices. For Metzler matrices, we further establish that they are similar to Metzler Hessenberg matrices if n 4. In particular, this provides the first standard form for controllable third order continuous-time positive systems via a positive controller-Hessenberg form. Finally, we present an example which illustrates why this result is not easily transferred to discrete-time positive systems. While many of our supplementary results are proven in general, it remains an open question if Metzler matrices of dimensions n 5 remain similar to Metzler Hessenberg matrices.
La mentira nociva según Miguel Catalán.
Authors: Díaz Seijas Raquel 
Published: June 2021

Desde hace algunos años, vengo leyendo -y analizando- con gran interés los volúmenes de la historia y formas de la mentira y el engaño desde todos los aspectos humanísticos posibles que tan rigurosamente ha trabajado el Profesor Miguel Catalán a lo largo de su vida, con la finalidad de analizar, en último término, la ética aplicada al ordenamiento social. En las páginas publicadas en los volúmenes de esta amplia obra he aprendido que toda gran mentira necesita de una pequeña verdad que la sustente (desde el primer hasta el último volumen de Seudología confirman esta necesidad), he aprendido que hay mentiras piadosas - que no son precisamente las religiosas- que conducen a la creatividad de mundos mejores, incluso a través del pataleo del perdedor o de la protesta marginal del que no es escuchado en la palestra; un ejemplo hermoso lo hemos visto en la creación de la utopía como protesta política y como género literario; he aprendido que uno es veraz cuando es paternal con sus hijos, pero que se adentra por los caminos de la mentira interesada cuando es paternalista con los “adultos” a los que pretende engañar y someter. A lo largo de todos estos volúmenes nos hemos topado con los paternalismos religiosos, con los paternalismos políticos, con los paternalismos económicos y publicitarios, y los hemos estudiado desde los mitos, las tradiciones, las políticas dictatoriales, los populismos más sangrantes, recorriendo todos los aspectos humanísticos del hombre y todas las ciencias sociales tanto de Oriente como de Occidente.
Hoy quiero reflexionar un poco más en detalle sobre La mentira nociva. Seudología XI, siendo el primer libro póstumo del Profesor Miguel Catalán, si bien previamente ya había escrito otros dos volúmenes que el autor quería dejar como cierre de toda la serie de Seudología. Por ello cabe destacar que, mientras escribo estas líneas, acaba de publicarse La traición. Seudología XII, el último volumen que ha editado este año la Editorial Verbum, y en breve saldrá el último tomo que versará sobre la mentira benéfica, según hemos podido saber a través de su viuda, María Picazo, fiel colaboradora en esta inmensa obra. Rematará así esta maravillosa historia del ser humano, que ha ganado tantos premios, y que ya he ido mencionando en otras ocasiones: los Premios de Ensayo Juan Gil-Albert y Alfons El Magnànim, el Premio de Ensayo e Investigación Juan Andrés, así como el de la Crítica Valenciana. De los tomos nuevos tendremos ocasión de hablar en un futuro, por lo que, como señalaba, dedicaré este pequeño estudio a La mentira nociva. Seudología XI.
Athenian Ostrakismos and the Hybris of a Would-Be Tyrant
Authors: Kuokkanen Suvi 
Published: June 2021

SummaryAnalysing Greek literary sources together with a selection of preserved ostraka, this article discusses the interrelationships between the prevention of hybris, the perceptions of tyranny, and the purposes of practising ostracism in fifth-century Athens. It will be proposed that the political decisions to organize ostrakophoriai were reactions to the threat posed by hybristic disposition of an individual – hence, ostracism played a role in detecting and punishing one’s motives and intentions. It will also be proposed that luxurious life-style was perceived by the Athenians both as a sign of Medism and of a hybristic disposition characteristic of a would-be-tyrant. Thus, profligate life-styles of political figures might have urged the Athenians to organise ostrakophoriai.
The Structure of Nepos’ Book on Foreign Generals
Authors: Szabó Ferenc Krisztián 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe paper aims at specifying Nepos’ principles of composition in the Liber de excellentibus ducibus exterarum gentium. After reviewing the hypotheses on the structure of the work it will be argued mainly on the basis of the editorial notes and cross-references written in the book that the generals are lined up according to their provenance and arranged in a kind of frame structure to express the translatio imperii. The author focuses attention on the Athenian commanders to demonstrate the organic nature of history: in the background of their vitae the biography of Athens itself is also depicted. With the help of these observations most of the uncertainties, including the striking chronological discrepancies, can be clarified.
“Minor” Aquileian Families Between Noricum and Pannonia
Authors: Gregoratti Leonardo 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe paper deals with the presence of North-eastern Italic families in Northern Pannonia. Through a selection of the epigraphic texts based on the information provided by the texts and the chronology, it is possible to investigate the spreading of Italic traders’ families from Italy, Noricum and Emona to the cities on the north tract of the “Amber Route” and the Balaton Lake area.
Phosphate treatments for stone conservation: 3-year field study in the Royal Palace of Versailles (France)
Authors: Sassoni Enrico , Delhomme Clément , Forst Sébastien , Graziani Gabriela , Hénin Jérémy , Masi Giulia , Palazzo Azzurra , Rolland Olivier , Vergès-Belmin Veronique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhosphate treatments for conservation of stone have provided so far encouraging results in laboratory studies, as they exhibit good effectiveness, compatibility and durability to accelerated weathering tests. However, limited data are available about their long-term performance in real environment. Here, a systematic evaluation of phosphate consolidants after prolonged exposure in the field is reported for the first time. Naturally weathered marble specimens and a XVII century marble sculpture located in the Park of the Royal Palace in Versailles were treated by various formulations of the phosphate consolidant. Their conservation state was assessed before treatment by non-destructive methods (ultrasounds, color measurement, water absorption) and, in the case of the specimens, also by slightly destructive tests (SEM, FT-IR, MIP, IC). The conservation state of the specimens and the sculpture was further assessed right after treatment and then periodically monitored during exposure in the Versailles Park. Characterization after field exposure demonstrated that some formulations of the phosphate treatment are able to slow down marble deterioration, although it was not completely inhibited. Limited alterations in water absorption and aesthetic appearance confirmed the general compatibility of the phosphate treatment.
Can scientists and knowledge keepers sit comfortably together? An Indigenous physician’s reflections on a decade of participatory research into First Nations nutrition, environment and health
Authors: Adams Evan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe author, an Indigenous physician, offers his reflections on the history of scientific research with Indigenous People and its past role in ethical breaches and excesses of colonialism, as a backdrop to the relatively recent advances in collaborative, community-based participatory research involving First Nations and Inuit in Canada. The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018), introduced in this Special Issue, is presented as an example of an ethical space that was sustained for a decade to collaboratively develop new knowledge by First Nations and scientists working together, respectfully and inspired by shared interest. A short overview of twelve articles of the Special Issue is provided and characterized as creating a previously inaccessible picture of the modern diets of First Nations, along with the suite of environmental factors that are present in food and water in and around communities. Ultimately, the author hopes that Canadian society can set the table with Indigenous Peoples and respectfully set opinions onto each other and do this over and over again. With Canada already being a multicultural and pluralistic society, adding Indigenous realities into the mix only respects and honours the Indigenous roots of this country.
Investigation of pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ understanding on solids
Authors: Karakus Fatih , Erşen Zeynep Bahar 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study is to determine the elementary pre-service mathematics teachers’ understanding on solids. For this purpose, pre-service teachers’ definitions and drawings of these objects were examined. Qualitative research method was used. A written questionnaire consisting of sixteen open-ended and multiple-choice questions was conducted with 127 elementary pre-service mathematics teachers chosen by convenience sample which is one of non-random sampling method. The collected qualitative data were analyzed by both descriptive and content analysis. The results revealed that pre-service teachers made insufficient connections among cylinder, prism, cone and pyramid. So, it can be said that their understanding about solids was weak and procedural.
Człowiek wobec świata zwierząt w ujęciu Roberta Spaemanna
Authors: Kożuchowski Józef 
Published: June 2021

W artykule przedstawiono niektóre wątki interesujących analiz filozoficzno-etycznych Roberta Spaemanna na temat świata zwierząt, podejmowanych przezeń w duchu arystotelesowskim. Dotykają one kwestii, które wydają się być szczególnym przedmiotem zainteresowania zarówno znawców zagadnienia, jak i współczesnego człowieka. Są to: natura (jej specyfika) i status ontyczny zwierząt, cierpienie i jego źródła (m.in. eksperymenty i tresura), zabijanie tych stworzeń oraz jedzenie ich mięsa.
Spaemann nie tylko nie podważał, ale w duchu myśli klasycznej i współczesnej (Helmuth Plessner) oryginalnie podkreślał istotową wyższość człowieka nad zwierzęciem. Czynił to m.in. przez zaakcentowanie zdolności człowieka do samorelatywizacji.
Według wybitnego myśliciela niemieckiego zasady etyczne normujące nasze odniesienie do zwierząt łączą się ściśle z metafizycznym rozumieniem ich bytowości. Zasady te bowiem mają swoją podstawę w teleologicznej naturze naszych mniejszych braci i podmiotowej formie ich egzystencji. Spaemann akcentował rolę życzliwości, odpowiedzialności i troski, utylitarystyczną zasadę rachunku korzyści i strat, imperatyw kategoryczny Kanta oraz normę personalistyczną. Natomiast obowiązek ochrony zwierząt i odpowiedzialności za nie rozwijał w kontekście godności ludzkiej.
Podjęto próbę wykazania, jak doniosła jest teleologiczna perspektywa, której nikt tak wyraziście i przekonująco nie ukazał w odniesieniu do zwierząt we współczesnej niemieckiej filozofii jak właśnie Spaemann. Dokonano także porównania jego stanowiska na temat świata zwierzęcego z wizją Petera Singera. Przede wszystkim w artykule podjęto próbę rekonstrukcji Spaemanna myśli dotyczącej etycznych i metafizycznych aspektów stosunku człowieka do zwierząt.
Body–Soul and the Birth and Death of Man: Benedict Hesse’s Opinion in the Mediaeval Discussion
Authors: Bajor Wanda 
Published: June 2021

This issue was discussed with regard to chosen commentaries to Aristotle’s treatise De anima, formed in the so-called via moderna mainstream, in particular those of John Buridan, Nicole Oresme and Laurentius of Lindores. In such a context, the Cracovian commentaries referring to Parisian nominalists were presented by those of Benedict Hesse and Anonymus. The analyses carried out above allow one to ascertain that although William of Ockham’s opinion questioning the possibility of knowledge of the soul in the field of philosophy, nominalists of the late Middle Ages did not resign from speculation on the beginning (birth) and the separation (death) from the body of the soul, also the fate of the soul after death. They focused on the nature of the matter – human body (embryo, semen) and his relation with the soul (forma) – in the moment of birth. In the aspect of death 14th century scholars undertook the struggle, which was one with the justification of the psycho-physical unity of the human being existing after death solely as an immortal soul.
In both thems, they tried to find their solutions, while if they could not solve these aporeticals questions – they had the courage to admit, that is not possible by solely relying on the natural forces of reason. They had to refer to the teaching of christianity, without however falling prey to fideism. This was a methodical endeavour based on the experience that natural reason in searching for the truth is not capable of its own efforts to attain to certain concepts and might on occasion err, it is then that faith becomes its guide and supplies it with more acceptable solutions. This is the courage of one of the greatest philosophers – Plato, who said that you have to have this “great courage” to undertake only probable knowledge, when another is not possible.
O bem viver em sociedade: notas sobre o virtuoso e a virtude na obra de Aristóteles
Authors: Lima Fábio Souza 
Published: June 2021

ResumoNeste artigo, que parte de princípios discutidos em Ética a Nicômaco, de Aristóteles (2006), abordaremos algumas das diversas formas de virtude, bem como o exercício delas, ou seja, a prática contínua (rex) de atos virtuosos que levam a criação de um círculo virtuoso, necessário à moral grega e a vida dentro de sua sociedade. Para tal, precisaremos reconhecer e abordar o conceito de virtude, caro a filosofia do pensador estagirita, bem como a coragem, a temperança, a liberdade, a magnificência, a magnanimidade, a honra, a calma, o espirituoso e a justiça. Tal construção textual se justifica nos dias atuais como uma reflexão sobre a vida na sociedade brasileira diante das discussões sobre os valores morais propalados desde os cidadãos mais simples aos brasileiros que ocupam cargos eletivos na política nacional.Palavras Chave: Aristóteles. Virtude. Vida em Sociedade. Ética. Moral.
Credit & Liquidity Risk of Asia Pacific Islamic Bank: Evidence from Indonesia & Malaysia
Authors: Asrianti Resi , Syamlan Yaser Taufik 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of Third Party Funds (TPF), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Bank Age, Non Performing Financing (NPF), and Return On Assets (ROA) on the level of risk taking of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia. Risk taking in this study is proxied by Financing Asset Ratio (FAR) and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR). The data used in this study are the cross section data of Islamic banks in Indonesia and time series data of 2010 to 2017 from each of the financial statements of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia which act as the object of this research. This research uses panel data regression method. Based on the analysis, The TPF and the CAR has big impact on the Credit and Liquidity Risk in both observed country. CAR significantly influenced the credit risk, when the CAR goes up, it is resulted from the addition of equity due to the rise of NPF. Moreover, in the liquidity risk in Indonesia is caused by the mismatch nature of Indonesian funding side. On the other hand, the credit risk in Malaysia rises whenever the TPF increase and the liquidity is caused by the deposit taking and risk taking activity. The introduction of investment account by the Bank Negara is among the factors of significant as well as negative result of it. This paper urges the OJK to speed up the implementation of Investment Account product in Indonesian Islamic bank since it will reduce the liquidity risk and at the end will decrease the credit risk.
ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE INDUSTRY OF TEXTILE AND TEXTILE PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wafi Muhamad Nur , Sari, Ph.D Dyah Wulan 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the growth of TFP in the textile industry and textile product (TPT) in Indonesia. Productivity analysis is carried out to determine the extent of performance development and how efficient the textile industry in Indonesia. Calculation of the growth value of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) by decomposing the components of TFP namely TEC, TC, and SEC using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). This study uses the type of firm level TPT data in the years 2010-2014. The data used is secondary data which is the result of an annual survey of large and medium manufacturing industry companies conducted by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the form of raw data. The data is in the form of unbalance raw data which is then selected and adjusted to balance data. With 2 industry groups namely the textile industry (ISIC 13) and the garment industry (ISIC 14). Based on the results of the study showed that the average value of TFP growth in 2010-2014 experienced negative growth or <1, this is due to the average growth value of TEC, SEC, and TC which decreased and tended to have negative values in the study period. This shows that the level of efficiency, use of technology, and scale of efficiency of the textile industry tends to be weak in the 2010-2014 period. The reduced level of industrial productivity can affect the decline in the competitiveness of textile products in the global market. Keywords: Textile Industry and Textile Products (TPT), Total Factor Productivity (TFP), Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA)Jel : L67, C23; O47