bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the relationship between obesity and new circadian rhythm parameters in Turkish children and adolescents? A case-control study
Authors: Karadag Mehmet , Yilmaz Gulay Can 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Although the relationship between circadian rhythm parameters and obesity in children and adolescents is recognized, there are few studies on this topic. The concept of sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc) has been formulated recently, but its relationship with childhood obesity has not yet been established. Therefore, we thought that SJL might play an important role in the etiology of obesity. Accordingly, we aimed to compare circadian rhythm parameters between obese and normal-weight children and adolescents.

Methods
Seventy-nine obese and eighty-two normal-weight children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years participated in this case-control study, which took place in the Mardin province of Turkey. Data were collected with a sociodemographic information form, the Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements.

Results
The average ages of the obese participants and controls were 12.3 ± 2.3 and 12.4 ± 2.2 years, respectively. Obese young people had greater evening preference, longer sleep debt duration, SJL duration and SJLsc duration, and higher Morningness–Eveningness Scale (MeScale) scores; and shorter mean sleep duration (p<0.005). In regression analyses, BMI z scores were significantly correlated with all circadian rhythm parameters, except SJLsc duration, while WC z scores were significantly correlated with all circadian rhythm parameters, except mean sleep duration. After adjustment, the high MeScale scores (OR: 1.142, p<0.05) and the presence of psychiatric disorder in the mother (OR: 15.075, p<0.05) were associated with obesity.

Conclusions
Circadian rhythm parameters can play an important role in the etiology of obesity. Future studies with larger samples and fewer confounding factors are needed to clarify the etiological factors.
Two patients from Turkey with a novel variant in the GM2A gene and review of the literature
Authors: İnci Aslı , Cengiz Ergin Filiz Başak , Biberoğlu Gürsel , Okur İlyas , Ezgü Fatih Süheyl , Tümer Leyla 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
GM2 gangliosidosis is a rare form of inborn errors of metabolism including Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM2 activator deficiency. GM2 activator protein deficiency is an ultra-rare form of GM2 gangliosidosis. To date, 16 cases of GM2 activator protein deficiency have been reported in the literature, and among them, 11 cases were the infantile form of the disease. Here we report the first two patients from Turkey with the infantile form of the disease with a novel likely pathogenic variant.

Case presentation
A boy of eight months old presented to the metabolic department with very mild neurological deterioration, although he had achieved early developmental milestones at the appropriate time. The parents also had a daughter who had lost skills progressively before one year of age. The boy was evaluated and bilateral cherry-red spots were found with no abnormality in either metabolic screening including β-hexosaminidase or cranial magnetic resonance imaging. A novel homozygous likely pathogenic variant in GM2A was detected in a next-generation sequence panel revealing GM2 activator protein deficiency. His sister was investigated after he was diagnosed with GM2 activator deficiency and it was found that she had the same variant as her brother.

Conclusions
This case report emphasizes that in the event of normal β-hexosaminidase activity, GM2 activator protein deficiency could be underdiagnosed, and further molecular analysis should be performed. To the best of our knowledge, this boy is one of the youngest patient diagnosed with very mild symptoms. With this novel pathogenic variant, these patients have expanded the mutation spectrum of GM2 activator protein deficiency.
Teaching and training the total percutaneous fetoscopic myelomeningocele repair
Authors: Wataganara Tuangsit , Trigo Lucas , Lapa Denise Araujo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Skin-over-biocellulose for Antenatal Fetoscopic Repair (SAFER) is a recently developed technique for fully percutaneous fetoscopic repair of myelomeningocele. The formation of a neo-dura mater triggered by the use of a biocellulose patch over the placode obviates the need of primary repair of fetal dura mater, and seems to further improve neurodevelopmental outcome. Insufflation of humidified carbon dioxide into the amniotic cavity requires proper training and a different equipment set from those used in the classic “under-water” fetoscopy. To shorten the learning curve of novice teams, we have developed a structured training course encompassing three critical steps: (1) visiting the proctor center, (2) selection of the first case, and (3) on-site training of the surgical team. Upon the site arrival, there will be: (1) theoretical lecture for all specialists involved in the fetal care, (2) simulation training, and (3) surgical proctoring. Proctor team can take over the surgery if the local team cannot complete. This training course has been successfully used in five different countries: Israel, Chile, Italy, USA and England and all local teams are already performing surgeries solo without any failures or maternal morbidity. Teaching new procedures in fetal medicine is challenging, because of the small number of candidate cases, and the direct relation of good outcomes and the number of cases operated. This proposed training modules may be adopted by other teams that want to embark on this type of novel minimally invasive treatment.
Some results on semigroups of transformations with restricted range
Authors: Yan Qingfu , Wang Shoufeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLetXXbe a non-empty set andYYa non-empty subset ofXX. Denote the full transformation semigroup onXXbyT(X)T\left(X)and writef(X)={f(x)∣x∈X}f\left(X)=\{f\left(x)| x\in X\}for eachf∈T(X)f\in T\left(X). It is well known thatT(X,Y)={f∈T(X)∣f(X)⊆Y}T\left(X,Y)=\{f\in T\left(X)| f\left(X)\subseteq Y\}is a subsemigroup ofT(X)T\left(X)andRT(X,Y)RT\left(X,Y), the set of all regular elements ofT(X,Y)T\left(X,Y), also forms a subsemigroup ofT(X,Y)T\left(X,Y). Green’s∗\ast-relations and Green’s∼<mml:mpadded xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> \sim </mml:mpadded>\hspace{0.08em}-relations (with respect to a non-empty subsetUUof the set of idempotents) were introduced by Fountain in 1979 and Lawson in 1991, respectively. In this paper, we intend to present certain characterizations of these two sets of Green’s relations of the semigroupT(X,Y)T\left(X,Y). This investigation proves that the semigroupT(X,Y)T\left(X,Y)is always a left Ehresmann semigroup, andRT(X,Y)RT\left(X,Y)is orthodox (resp. completely regular) if and only ifYYcontains at most two elements.
Climate change adaptation and cocoa farm rehabilitation behaviour in Ahafo Ano North District of Ashanti region, Ghana
Authors: Oyekale Abayomi Samuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSustainable cocoa production is the hub of economic development and growth in Ghana. Climate change has been implicated in the dwindling productivity of the Ghanaian cocoa sub-sector, although deforestation for cocoa farmland expansion poses significant long-term risks to ecosystem stability and environmental conservation. This study assessed farmers’ perception of climate change, their adaptation methods and the factors explaining involvement in the renovation/rehabilitation of old cocoa farms. The data were collected from 378 cocoa farmers in Ahafo Ano North District in the Ashanti region. The data were analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Ordinary Least Square regression, Negative Binomial regression and Two-stage Probit regression. The results showed that the majority of the farmers were older than 50 years and attained primary education. High temperature (64.29%), too stormy rainfall (64.29%) and too much rainfall (61.90%) were largely perceived by cocoa farmers in 2015. The farmers were adapting to climate change through diversification into other crops (70.63%), planting of hybrid varieties (71.69%), commitment to spray cocoa pods regularly (74.87%) and initiation of some changes in the planting and harvesting times (71.96%). The adaptation was significantly influenced (p< 0.05) by cocoa farming experience, number of children under the age of 5 years, perception of extremely high temperature, perception too low rainfall, perception of delay in commencement of rainfall, cultivation of cocoa as the primary crop, perception of delay in rainfall stop and delay in regular farm clearing and rented farm. Cocoa rehabilitation decision was influenced by climate change adaptation indicator, monthly income, perception of extreme temperature and sharecropping. The implications of the results were that promotion of climate change perception would facilitate adaptation, and the form of cocoa farmland ownership as well as climate change adaptation indicator influenced farmers’ involvement in cocoa farm rehabilitation.
Protein modeling
Authors: de Araújo Rodrigo S. A. , Mendonça Francisco J. B. , Scotti Marcus T. , Scotti Luciana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Proteins are essential and versatile polymers consisting of sequenced amino acids that often possess an organized three-dimensional arrangement, (a result of their monomeric composition), which determines their biological role in cellular function. Proteins are involved in enzymatic catalysis; they participate in genetic information decoding and transmission processes, in cell recognition, in signaling, and transport of substances, in regulation of intra and extracellular conditions, and other functions.
Advancements in cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Koper Krzysztof , Wileński Sławomir , Koper Agnieszka 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chemotherapy is in most cases a method of systemic treatment of malignant tumors with cytostatic drugs. Although modern methods such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy are used more and more often nowadays, the role of chemotherapy in oncology is still significant. It can be used as an independent treatment method or in combination with other oncological therapies. The action of chemotherapy is closely linked to the cell cycle of the tumor. Advances in technology allow the introduction of different pharmaceutical forms of the same drug. Worse prognosis of metastatic tumors justifies the need to search for new, more effective treatment methods. The main problem of chemotherapy is the occurrence of adverse events. Reducing the frequency and severity of side effects is possible primarily by changing the technique of implementation of chemotherapy administration. These principles are fulfilled by new, increasingly popular therapeutic methods, such as: Perioperative Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC), Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The dynamic development of knowledge concerning cytostatic drugs, including targeting the tumor cell with the form of the drug, allows us to assume that in the future this direction will increase the effectiveness and safety of anticancer therapy.
Utilization of nanotechnology in targeted radionuclide cancer therapy: monotherapy, combined therapy and radiosensitization
Authors: Bayoumi Noha Anwer , El-Kolaly Mohamed Taha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The rapid progress of nanomedicine field has a great influence on the different tumor therapeutic trends. It achieves a potential targeting of the therapeutic agent to the tumor site with neglectable exposure of the normal tissue. In nuclear medicine, nanocarriers have been employed for targeted delivery of therapeutic radioisotopes to the malignant tissues. This systemic radiotherapy is employed to overcome the external radiation therapy drawbacks. This review overviews studies concerned with investigation of different nanoparticles as promising carriers for targeted radiotherapy. It discusses the employment of different nanovehicles for achievement of the synergistic effect of targeted radiotherapy with other tumor therapeutic modalities such as hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. Radiosensitization utilizing different nanosensitizer loaded nanoparticles has also been discussed briefly as one of the nanomedicine approach in radiotherapy.
An overview of bond behavior of recycled coarse aggregate concrete with steel bar
Authors: Su Tian , Wang Chenxia , Cao Fubo , Zou Zhenghao , Wang Chunguang , Wang Jun , Yi Haihe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an overview focusing on the bond behavior of recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC) with steel bar is carried out. The results show that the failure modes of RAC specimen were not only influenced by a single factor, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the influence of various factors on the failure modes of RAC specimen; The steel bar diameter, the concrete cover to diameter ratio and the replacement rate of RCA all affect the load-slip curve of RAC specimen; Bond strength predictive equations and bond-slip relationship models of RAC with steel bar has been summarized to ensure engineers to better understand their applicability; The influencing factors of the bond behavior of RAC specimens including the replacement rate of RCA, the concrete compressive strength, the steel bar type and steel bar diameter, the steel bar embedment length and the aggregate performance; The freeze-thaw cycles and the steel bar corrosion all affect the bond behavior of RAC with steel bar. When freeze-thaw damage and steel bars corrosion reach a certain degree, the bond behavior of RAC with steel bar deteriorates.
A review of current bioanalytical approaches in sample pretreatment techniques for the determination of antidepressants in biological specimens
Authors: Soares Sofia , Barroso Mário , Gallardo Eugenia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Antidepressants are a class of compounds widely used in clinical settings for the treatment of several diseases. In the last years there has been a considerable increase in their consumption, representing an important public health issue in several countries. Because they are substances with narrow therapeutic windows, and since they are capable of interacting with other classes of compounds, monitoring of these compounds is of relevance, minimizing the risk of medical interactions as well as side and toxic effects. In addition, understanding the extent of their use, their detection through routine toxicology tests and development of new methods for detection and monitoring is of extreme importance concerning public health, patient well-being, and implications in clinical and forensic situations. The main objective of this work is to perform a critical review on the biological samples used in the detection and quantification of antidepressants with special focus on the techniques for sample preparation.
Processing of Hollow Glass Microspheres (HGM) filled Epoxy Syntactic Foam Composites with improved Structural Characteristics
Authors: Afolabi Olusegun A. , Kanny Krishnan , Mohan T. P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work is to improve the structural characteristics of hollow glass microsphere (HGM) filled epoxy syntactic foam composites with little voids content and improved HGM dispersion in the composite.
A modified degassing technique has been introduced during resin casting process of the HGM filled syntactic foam composites. The effect of HGM content volume fractions (5–25%) on the degassing techniques was examined. The syntactic foam composites were characterized by analysing structural morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM), and density measurements (theoretical and experimental).
Less than 5% void content has been achieved in this study. This resulted in improved tensile and dynamic mechanical properties (DMA).
Prolonged Emergency Department Length of Stay for US Pediatric Mental Health Visits (2005–2015)
Authors: Nash Katherine A. , Zima Bonnie T. , Rothenberg Craig , Hoffmann Jennifer , Moreno Claudia , Rosenthal Marjorie S. , Venkatesh Arjun 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Children seeking care in the emergency department (ED) for mental health conditions are at risk for prolonged length of stay (LOS). A more contemporary description of trends and visit characteristics associated with prolonged ED LOS at the national level is lacking in the literature. Our objectives were to (1) compare LOS trends for pediatric mental health versus non–mental health ED visits and (2) explore patient-level characteristics associated with prolonged LOS for mental health ED visits.METHODS:We conducted an observational analysis of ED visits among children 6 to 17 years of age using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2005–2015). We assessed trends in rates of prolonged LOS and the association between prolonged LOS and demographic and clinical characteristics (race and ethnicity, payer type, and presence of a concurrent physical health diagnosis) using descriptive statistics and survey-weighted logistic regression.RESULTS:From 2005 to 2015, rates of prolonged LOS for pediatric mental health ED visits increased over time from 16.3% to 24.6% (LOS &gt;6 hours) and 5.3% to 12.7% (LOS &gt;12 hours), in contrast to non–mental health visits for which LOS remained stable. For mental health visits, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with an almost threefold odds of LOS &gt;12 hours (odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval 1.69–4.44); there was no difference in LOS by payer type.CONCLUSIONS:The substantial rise in prolonged LOS for mental health ED visits and disparity for Hispanic children suggest worsening and inequitable access to definitive pediatric mental health care. Policy makers and health systems should work to provide equitable and timely access to pediatric mental health care.
Gyulladás vagy daganat?
Authors: Major Tamás , Szarka Krisztina , Nagy Zsófia , Kovács Ilona , Balog Csaba , Karosi Tamás 
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. A lateralis cysticus nyaki terimék két leggyakoribb
oka a branchiogen cysta és a cysticus nyaki áttét. Az átfedő lokalizáció (a
leggyakrabban a IIA nyaki régióban), a betegek életkora és az esetenként
hirtelen kezdet alapján a két leggyakoribb ok differenciáldiagnózisa nagy
kihívást jelenthet. Egy hirtelen fellépő fájdalmas, bal oldali nyaki
duzzanattal, dysphagiával és lázzal jelentkező 72 éves férfi esetét ismertetjük.
A nyak komputertomográfiás vizsgálata egy 6 cm legnagyobb átmérőjű, vastag falú,
többrekeszes cysticus terimét igazolt. Infektív branchiogen cysta lehetőségére
gondolva az elváltozást eltávolítottuk. A szövettan azonban p16-pozitív
laphámrákot igazolt. A primer tumort végül az ipsilateralis tonsilla palatina
állományában sikerült azonosítani. A beteg definitív radioterápiában részesült,
és 18 hónappal a diagnózis után tumormentes. A nyaki cystákon, az infektív nyaki
cystákon és a cysticus metastasisokon kívül a humán papillómavírussal összefüggő
szájgarati laphámrákok infektív cysticus vagy necroticus metastasisait is
figyelembe kell venni a lateralis cysticus nyaki terimék
differenciáldiagnózisában. Orv Hetil. 2020; 162(15): 595–600.
Summary. Branchial cleft cysts and cystic neck metastases are the
two most common causes of cystic lateral neck masses. Based on the overlapping
location (neck level IIA), patient age at onset and the occasionally sudden
onset, their differential diagnosis is challenging. We present a 72-year-old
male presenting with a suddenly emerging painful, left-sided neck swelling,
dysphagia and fever. Computed tomography showed a 6 cm thick-walled multicystic
mass. With the suspected diagnosis of an infected branchial cleft cyst, the
lesion was removed. Histology confirmed p16 positive squamous cell carcinoma.
Primary tumor was identified in the ipsilateral palatine tonsil. Definive
radiotherapy was performed and the patient is free of disease at the 18-month
follow-up. Beyond pure and infected branchial cleft cysts and pure cystic
metastases, infected cystic or necrotic metastasis of human papillomavirus
associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma should be included in the
differential diagnosis of cystic lateral neck lesions. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(15):
595–600.
¿CÓMO RESPONDER DESDE LA ACADEMIA A LOS RIESGOS QUE PREOCUPAN A LAS ORGANIZACIONES?
Authors: Guzmán-Useche Hugo Armando , Maldonado-Pedroza Cristian David 
Published: April 2021

Riesgo es un término empleado para referirse a sucesos que pueden afectar el cumplimiento de los objetivos de una empresa. Desde la academia se vienen desarrollando alternativas educativas que permitan abordar el estudio de los riesgos, con el fin de apoyar al mercado asegurador colombiano y brindar a las empresas las herramientas necesarias para su prevención y mitigación.
El presente documento busca identificar, con base en publicaciones de instituciones especializadas en el estudio de la gestión del riesgo en las organizaciones y en la opinión de estudiantes y directivos del sector asegurador en Colombia, cuáles son los riesgos, en el contexto actual de los negocios, que pueden generar algún impacto sobre los objetivos de una organización. Esta identificación se usa como marco de comparación con la oferta académica posgradual colombiana, para poder determinar la brecha que hay entre las necesidades del entorno y la preparación de los profesionales especializados en riesgos.
Se pudo concluir que el carácter dinámico de los riesgos exige, desde las comunidades educativas, contar con programas que permitan formar profesionales que sean capaces de administrar las organizaciones en estos nuevos contextos, haciendo énfasis en la naturaleza de integralidad que debe permear la gestión de riesgos.