bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the hospital context influences nurses’ environmentally responsible practice: A focused ethnography
Authors: Kalogirou Maya R. , Dahlke Sherry , Davidson Sandra , Yamamoto Shelby 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo describe ways in which a hospital context, physically and culturally, influences nurses’ abilities to promote and engage with environmentally responsible practice.DesignA focused ethnographic study.MethodsData were collected during May and August, 2019. Nurses (n = 22) working in the emergency room and three medicine units within a large Western Canadian hospital were invited to participate. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, and observations were collected. Reporting is in accordance with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.ResultsThree themes were identified: patient care not environmental care, organizational role and operational efficiency. Overall, participants indicated patient care was their primary priority, and due to their workload, they were unable to simultaneously consider the environmental impact of their work. Participants stated they had difficulties practicing in environmentally responsible ways because they felt unsupported by their hospital organization. Regardless, there was a desire for the organization to support environmentally responsible practices.ConclusionClimate change is a major health concern, and partnership between hospitals and nurses is necessary to ensure environmentally responsible healthcare is delivered. We suggest both a top‐down and bottom‐up approach to help develop hospital contexts that are relevant and environmentally responsible.ImpactNurses have a professional responsibility to address climate change, yet this study identified that nurses found it challenging to practice in environmentally responsible ways within the hospital context. Challenges they faced are related to their workload, their misaligned nursing priorities and, more importantly, because they felt unsupported by their hospital. Findings are important to both the nursing profession as well as other hospital leaders so that a culture of environmentally responsible healthcare can be developed within hospitals.
Is Humanity under a Duty to Deliver Socioeconomic Human Rights?
Authors: Stemplowska Zofia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhat’s special about human rights? For Rowan Cruft human rights are special because they capture the importance of the good of the right‐holder. But his account struggles with explaining the existence of global socioeconomic human rights. I argue that such rights exist and show how we should revise Cruft’s account to accommodate this.
Iberian hares with anciently introgressed mitochondrial DNA express a marginal environmental niche
Authors: Carpio Antonio J. , Melo‐Ferreira José , Martinez‐Haro Mónica , Farelo Liliana , Campos Rita , Alves Paulo C. , Acevedo Pelayo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in local adaptation has been thoroughly debated, and the ancient pervasive mtDNA introgression from Lepus timidus into Lepus granatensis allows testing of this hypothesis. Here, we study the environmental niche of animals with introgressed mtDNA, to gain insights about the potential selective pressures maintaining the introgressed haplotypes.LocationIberian Peninsula.TaxonLepus granatensis.MethodsWe modelled the frequency of the L. timidus mtDNA lineage within the L. granatensis distribution area. The response variable was the presence of the L. timidus lineage at the individual level. Finally, the variation in the introgression frequencies was plotted along the environmental gradients (identified by the models), after controlling for latitude.ResultsThe results showed that (i) the niche of the introgressed populations occupy marginal environmental conditions relative to the complete niche of L. granatensis, (ii) both latitude and environment, and their overlaid effects, explain the variation in the introgression frequencies, and (iii) after controlling for latitude, clines in mtDNA introgression frequency are associated with transitions in the environmental gradients, even when the analyses were restricted to the territory where the introgressed haplotypes occur.Main ConclusionsWhile the strict demographic explanation for mtDNA introgression in L. granatensis implies that geography, resulting from the post‐glacial expansion of the species, explains the gradients of introgression, our results show correlations with environmental gradients that are not geographically structured. Our results relate the prevalence of introgressed mtDNA with more extreme climatic conditions in the range of L. granatensis, suggesting that environmental selective pressures could have played a role in determining the spatial maintenance of mtDNA haplotypes originating from the cold‐adapted species. These results are thus relevant to understand the response of the species to the ongoing processes of global change, which will alter the selective pressures by reducing the specific niche of the introgressed mtDNA lineage.
The relationship between coping strategies and resilience among adolescents with beta‐thalassemia major
Authors: Parviniannasab Ali Mohammad , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Momennasab Marzieh , Soltanian Mitra , Bijani Mostafa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProblemAdolescents with beta thalassemia major face various physical and psychosocial challenges. Resilience plays a protective role in coping with the stress resulting from this disease.MethodsThis descriptive correlational study was carried out on 134 adolescents (age: 11–21 years old) with beta‐thalassemia major who were referred at the Thalassemia Centre in southern Iran from October to December 2018 via convenience sampling method. The Jalowiec Coping scale and Connor‐Davidson resilience scale were the instruments used in this study. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.FindingsResilience was shown to be correlated with the subscales of confrontive, optimistic, supportant, and evasive coping significantly and positively (p < .001), while in the subscale of emotive coping with resilience, this was not significant. In addition, 38% of variations in the scale of resilience were explained by the five coping subscales.ConclusionsThe findings of this study, indicated the role of courageous coping in promoting resilience and defensive coping as a factor that leads to less resilience than optimal level. Hence, understanding the importance and the role of protective factors and risk factors can help healthcare providers in planning some effective interventions to increase resilience among adolescents with thalassemia.
Epigenetic down‐regulation of microRNA‐126 in scleroderma endothelial cells is associated with impaired responses to VEGF and defective angiogenesis
Authors: Wang Yongqing , Sun John , Kahaleh Bashar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImpaired angiogenesis in scleroderma (SSc) is a critical component of SSc pathology. MicroRNA‐126 (miR‐126) is expressed in endothelial cells (MVECs) where it regulates VEGF responses by repressing the negative regulators of VEGF, including the sprouty‐related protein‐1 (SPRED1), and phosphoinositide‐3 kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2). MVECs were isolated from SSc skin and matched subjects (n = 6). MiR‐126 expression was measured by qPCR and in situ hybridization. Matrigel‐based tube assembly was used to test angiogenesis. MiR‐126 expression was inhibited by hsa‐miR‐126 inhibitor and enhanced by hsa‐miR‐126 Mimic. Epigenetic regulation of miR‐126 expression was examined by the addition of epigenetic inhibitors (Aza and TSA) to MVECs and by bisulphite genomic sequencing of DNA methylation of the miR‐126 promoter region. MiR‐126 expression, as well as EGFL7 (miR‐126 host gene), in SSc‐MVECs and skin, was significantly down‐regulated in association with increased expression of SPRED1 and PIK3R2 and diminished response to VEGF. Inhibition of miR‐126 in NL‐MVECs resulted in reduced angiogenic capacity, whereas overexpression of miR‐126 in SSc‐MVECs resulted in enhanced tube assembly. Addition of Aza and TSA normalized miR‐126 and EGFL7 expression levels in SSc‐MVECs. Heavy methylation in miR‐126/EGFL7 gene was noted. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the down‐regulation of miR‐126 results in impaired VEGF responses.
Are EU Institutions Still Green Actors? An Empirical Study of Green Public Procurement
Authors: Badell Diego , Rosell Jordi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnalysing the environmental actorness of the EU, more than one voice has spoken of the myth of a Green Europe and a dismantling process of its environmental ambitions. To date, any attempt to quantify this in a homogeneous fashion by different levels of government and institutions has run into serious difficulties. This research, however, uses green public procurement (GPP) as the research instrument to quantify the commitment to environmental policies. We construct the database from tenders published in the Supplement to the Official Journal between 2009 and 2019. Based on more than 743,061 observations, the article finds that the EU's institutions have the lowest GPP adoption rates in relation to all other levels of government. Moreover, it also records marked differences between the EU institutions where the European Parliament is performing better than the European Commission and, during Juncker Commission, EC performs worse.
Transactional links between children daily emotions and internalizing symptoms: a six‐wave ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Arbel Reout , Mason Tyler B. , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThis study explored the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between everyday emotion dimensions and internalizing symptoms during the transition to early adolescence. We tested associations between children’s intensity and instability of daily negative emotions (NE), positive emotions (PE), and daily NE differentiation (NED) with children’s self‐reported and their mothers’ report of children’s internalizing symptoms, across six waves, each wave separated by six months.MethodsThe sample included 199 ethnically diverse mother [Mage at baseline = 40.1 years (SD = 6.1] and child [Mage at baseline = 10.1 (SD = 0.90), 51% girls] dyads, who participated in six 7‐day waves of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). During each wave, children reported on PE (i.e. happy and joyful) and NE (i.e. mad, sad, and stressed) up to eight random times per day through smartphone‐based EMA. Children and mothers reported on children’s internalizing symptoms at each wave. We used random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) to test within‐ and between‐person effects.ResultsAt the within‐person level, increased NE and decreased PE intensity, more unstable NE and PE, and decreased NED at any given wave were positively associated with children’s self‐reported internalizing symptoms but not with mother‐reported child symptoms. However, emotion dimensions did not predict child‐reported nor mother‐reported child symptoms at the next wave. At the between‐person level, higher average NE, more unstable PE and NE, and lower NED were positively associated with average child‐reported and mother‐reported child internalizing symptoms.ConclusionsThis study suggests that emotional intensity, instability, and differentiation could be conceptualized as manifestations of internalizing symptoms but not as risk factors for its progression, or residual manifestations of it, among typical children.
Long non‐coding ribonucleic acid urothelial carcinoma‐associated 1 promotes high glucose‐induced human retinal endothelial cells angiogenesis through regulating micro‐ribonucleic acid‐624‐3p/vascular endothelial growth factor C
Authors: Yan Huang , Yao Panpan , Hu Ke , Li Xueyao , Li Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionEmerging evidence has indicated that long non‐coding ribonucleic acids play important roles in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is reported that urothelial carcinoma‐associated 1 (UCA1) is highly expressed in diabetic lymphoendothelial cells and influences glucose metabolism in rats with DR. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of UCA1 in the mechanism of DR.Materials and MethodsGene expression analyses in fibrovascular membranes excised from patients with DR using public microarray datasets (GSE60436). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect UCA1, micro‐ribonucleic acid (miR)‐624‐3p and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF‐C) expressions in the blood of patients and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). Furthermore, Cell Counting kit‐8, Transwell assay, and tube formation assay were used to identify biological effects of UCA1 on HRECs proliferation, migration ability and angiogenesis in vitro.ResultsUCA1 and VEGF‐C were elevated in DR patients and high glucose‐induced HRECs cell lines, whereas miR‐624‐3p was decreased. UCA1 inhibition inhibited proliferation, angiogenesis and migration of HRECs cells under high‐glucose condition. Luciferase reporter assay showed that UCA1 could sponge with miR‐624‐3p, which could directly target VEGF‐C. Finally, we proved a pathway that UCA1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis through sponging with miR‐624‐3p, thereby upregulating VEGF‐C in high‐glucose‐induced HRECs.ConclusionsWe identified UCA1 as an important factor associated with DR, which could regulate the expression of VEGF‐C by sponging miR‐624‐3p in human retinal endothelial cells. Our results pave the way for further studies on diagnostic and therapeutic studies related to UCA1 in DR patients.
The evolutionary and functional implications of the unusual quadrate of Longipteryx chaoyangensis (Avialae: Enantiornithes) from the Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China
Authors: Stidham Thomas A. , O'Connor Jingmai K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile the morphology and evolution of the quadrate among early birds and through the evolutionary origin of birds is not well known, we add to knowledge about that past diversity through description of the morphology of the quadrate in the unusually elongate skull of the Cretaceous enantiornithine bird Longipteryx chaoyangensis. The lateral and caudal surfaces of the quadrate are well exposed in two specimens revealing morphologies typical of early birds and their dinosaurian close relatives like a small otic head and two mandibular condyles. However, both skeletons exhibit quadrates with a unique, enlarged lateral crest that has not been previously described among Mesozoic birds. It is possible that the rostral surface of this lateral expansion served as the origination site for enlarged jaw musculature in a manner similar to the enlarged subcapitular tubercle in extant galloanserine birds. The caudally concave surface of the quadrate likely reflects some aspect of cranial pneumaticity, with its shape and position reminiscent of quadrates found in close non‐avialan maniraptoran relatives. It is possible that this lateral crest has a wider distribution among enantiornithines and other early birds and that the crest has been misidentified as the orbital process in some more damaged specimens. In addition, the enlarged lateral mandibular condyle (relative to the medial condyle) differs from the condition typically reported among enantiornithines and could indicate a difference in jaw function or mechanics in this bird with an elongated rostrum, or simply misinterpretations of morphology. Further examination of the quadrate in temporally early and phylogenetically stemward birds, along with their close outgroups, could greatly impact the study of several different aspects of bird biology including assessment of phylogenetic relationships, interpretation of the function and kinematics of the skull, reconstruction of foraging paleoecology, and evolution of skull morphological diversity among Mesozoic birds.
Whole‐genome sequencing and genome regions of special interest: Lessons from major histocompatibility complex, sex determination, and plant self‐incompatibility
Authors: Vekemans Xavier , Castric Vincent , Hipperson Helen , Müller Niels A. , Westerdahl Helena , Cronk Quentin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhole‐genome sequencing of non‐model organisms is now widely accessible and has allowed a range of questions in the field of molecular ecology to be investigated with greater power. However, some genomic regions that are of high biological interest remain problematic for assembly and data‐handling. Three such regions are the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), sex‐determining regions (SDRs) and the plant self‐incompatibility locus (S‐locus). Using these as examples, we illustrate the challenges of both assembling and resequencing these highly polymorphic regions and how bioinformatic and technological developments are enabling new approaches to their study. Mapping short‐read sequences against multiple alternative references improves genotyping comprehensiveness at the S‐locus thereby contributing to more accurate assessments of allelic frequencies. Long‐read sequencing, producing reads of several tens to hundreds of kilobase pairs in length, facilitates the assembly of such regions as single sequences can span the multiple duplicated gene copies of the MHC region, and sequence through repetitive stretches and translocations in SDRs and S‐locus haplotypes. These advances are adding value to short‐read genome resequencing approaches by allowing, for example, more accurate haplotype phasing across longer regions. Finally, we assessed further technical improvements, such as nanopore adaptive sequencing and bioinformatic tools using pangenomes, which have the potential to further expand our knowledge of a number of genomic regions that remain challenging to study with classical resequencing approaches.
Appraising prediction research: a guide and meta‐review on bias and applicability assessment using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST)
Authors: de Jong Ype , Ramspek Chava L. , Zoccali Carmine , Jager Kitty J. , Dekker Friedo W. , van Diepen Merel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, a large number of prediction models have been published, often of poor methodological quality. Seemingly objective and straightforward, prediction models provide a risk estimate for the outcome of interest, usually based on readily available clinical information. Yet, using models of substandard methodological rigour, especially without external validation, may result in incorrect risk estimates and consequently misclassification. To assess and combat bias in prediction research the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) was published in 2019. This risk of bias (ROB) tool includes four domains and 20 signalling questions highlighting methodological flaws, and provides guidance in assessing the applicability of the model. In this paper, the PROBAST will be discussed, along with an in‐depth review of two commonly encountered pitfalls in prediction modelling that may induce bias: overfitting and composite endpoints. We illustrate the prevalence of potential bias in prediction models with a meta‐review of 50 systematic reviews that used the PROBAST to appraise their included studies, thus including 1510 different studies on 2104 prediction models. All domains showed an unclear or high ROB; these results were markedly stable over time, highlighting the urgent need for attention on bias in prediction research. This article aims to do just that by providing (1) the clinician with tools to evaluate the (methodological) quality of a clinical prediction model, (2) the researcher working on a review with methods to appraise the included models, and (3) the researcher developing a model with suggestions to improve model quality.
Coordination between compound‐specific chemistry and morphology in plant roots aligns with ancestral mycorrhizal association in woody angiosperms
Authors: Xia Mengxue , Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Suseela Vidya , Blackwood Christopher B. , Tharayil Nishanth 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Recent studies on fine root functional traits proposed a root economics hypothesis where adaptations associated with mycorrhizal dependency strongly influence the organization of root traits, forming a dominant axis of trait covariation unique to roots. This conclusion, however, is based on tradeoffs of a few widely studied root traits. It is unknown how other functional traits fit into this mycorrhizal‐collaboration gradient. Here, we provide a significant extension to the field of root ecology by examining how fine root secondary compounds coordinate with other root traits.

We analyzed a dataset integrating compound‐specific chemistry, morphology and anatomy of fine roots and leaves from 34 temperate tree species spanning major angiosperm lineages.

Our data uncovered previously undocumented coordination where root chemistry, morphology and anatomy covary with each other. This coordination, aligned with mycorrhizal colonization, reflects tradeoffs between chemical protection and mycorrhizal dependency, and provides mechanistic support for the mycorrhizal‐collaboration gradient. We also found remarkable phylogenetic structuring in root chemistry. These patterns were not mirrored by leaves. Furthermore, chemical protection was largely decoupled from the leaf economics spectrum.

Our results unveil broad organization of root chemistry, demonstrate unique belowground adaptions, and suggest that root strategies and phylogeny could impact biogeochemical cycles through their links with root chemistry.
High expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in the formation of fibrous epulis
Authors: Zeng Xuwen , Xia Siying , Yan Xiangzhen , Hu Congjiao , An Kangkang , Luo Lijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesEpulis is considered to be a massive reactive lesion rather than a true neoplasia. AhR is thought to be associated with inflammation and development of neoplasms. Here, we aimed to observe the expression of AhR in fibrous epulis and explore its role and possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of epulis.Materials and MethodsEpulis and normal gingival tissues were collected, and AhR expression was detected at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis‐related factor genes in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) transfected with AhR short interfering RNA (siRNA) or negative control siRNA, upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg‐LPS), were then examined. Finally, the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis‐related factor genes in the epulis tissues were observed by qPCR.ResultsAhR expression in fibrous epulis was significantly increased at both the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis‐related factor genes in hPDLCs transfected with AhR siRNA was significantly decreased when stimulated with Pg‐LPS. The same trends were observed for hGFs. The opposite trend was detected in the epulis tissues.ConclusionAhR may be a key factor in fibrous epulis pathogenesis that acts by regulating the expression of BCL2 family genes and inflammatory factor‐related genes.