bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the normative impasse of environmental migration: From regimes to infrastructures in a Latin American key
Authors: Hoffmann Florian F , dos Reis Santos Leilane Nascimento 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article draws on the concept of legal infrastructures and infrastructuring processes in the context of the ongoing discussion on the (legal) framing of environmental migration. It lays out why the entanglement of empirical and normative indeterminacy in environmental migration forces opens the door to a transdisciplinary and multidimensional perspective. It explores how framing environmental migration in terms of legal mobility infrastructures or, rather, of the legal infrastructuring of (global) mobility can help transcend the legal impasse that currently still surrounds it. It draws on previous work on entangled mobility regimes in Latin America, most notably in the context of the Venezuelan refugee crisis as of 2015 and on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the border regime in Brazil. Some of the phenomena observed in these contexts provide valuable insights into the logic of the legal infrastructuring of mobility and into how the environment/displacement nexus might be infrastructured in a region that is one of the hotspots of the climate crisis.
The relationship between sexual health literacy and sexual function of women with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Çakmak Betül , Abay Halime , Doğanay Ceren Atilgan , Çelik Nazan , Özel Yasemin , Üstün Yusuf 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a complication of poorly managed diabetes mellitus (DM). To prevent SD, patients should develop sexual health literacy (SHL).

Objective
This study investigated the relationship between SHL and SD in women with DM.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed between 1 October 2023 and 1 June 2024. The sample comprised 400 participants. The inclusion criteria were (1) being 18-65 years of age, (2) having been diagnosed with DM, and (3) having a sex partner. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Sexual Health Literacy Scale (SHLS).

Outcomes
The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, Spearman correlation coefficients, and binary logistic regression.

Results
Over half of the participants experienced SD (68,2%). Participants with higher education, those whose partners had higher education, those who did not have any chronic disease other than DM, and those who did not take hormone replacement therapy had a lower rate of SD (P &lt; 0.05). Participants with higher income, those who used family planning, those with DM I, and non-menopausal participants had lower SD and higher SHL (P &lt; 0.05). Insulin-only participants had higher SD and lower SHL than those who were on other types of medications (P &lt; 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between scale scores (FSFI and SHLS) and age (r = -0.388; P &lt; 0.001 r = -0.326; P &lt; 0.001, respectively), age of partner (r = -0.383; P &lt; 0.001, r = -0.274; P &lt; 0.001, respectively), duration of romantic relationship (r = -0.326; P &lt; 0.001, r = -0.328; P &lt; 0.001, respectively), number of children (r = -0.109; P &lt; 0.001, r = -0.290; P &lt; 0.001, respectively), and duration of DM (r = -0.254; P &lt; 0.001, r = -0.125; P &lt; 0.013, respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between scale scores (FSFI and SHLS) and number of sexual intercourse (r = 0,493; P &lt; 0.001, r = 0.127; P &lt; 0.011, respectively). A one-unit increase in DM duration resulted in a 3.7% increase in SD rate (OR = 1.037). A one-unit increase in the number of sexual intercourses reduced the SD rate by 35.5% (OR = 0.645).

Clinical Implication
The data show that the prevalence of SD in diabetic women is directly affected by the number of sexual intercourses per week, menopausal status, and duration of DM.

Strengths and limitations
This is the first study to examine the relationship between SHL and SD in women with DM. Second, the results are sample-specific and cannot be generalized to all women with DM.

Conclusion
Healthcare professionals should ensure that women with DM have high levels of SHL to prevent SD and improve their quality of sexual life.
Evaluation of a commercial Histoplasma antigen detection enzyme immunoassay for the follow-up of histoplasmosis treatment in people living with HIV from Argentina
Authors: Messina Fernando A , Marin Emmanuel , Caceres Diego H , Romero Mercedes , Manrique Mariela , Santiso Gabriela Maria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Histoplasmosis poses a significant risk to HIV patients, particularly in regions with limited access to antiretroviral therapy. Antigen detection assays are crucial in these settings for timely diagnosis and treatment, which can reduce mortality. While commercial antigen detection kits have performed well in diagnosing histoplasmosis, their effectiveness in monitoring treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between urine antigen levels and clinical response using the clarus Histoplasma Galactomannan (GM) enzyme immunoassays (EIA) kit. The study followed 27 HIV patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis over 24 weeks, measuring urinary Histoplasma antigen (Ag) levels and clinical outcomes. Patients received amphotericin B as induction therapy, followed by maintenance with itraconazole. Results showed a significant decrease in Ag levels over time, with clinical scores improving in correlation with the decline in Ag levels. Four patients exhibited atypical Ag patterns due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or issues with itraconazole bioavailability. Despite these challenges, all patients showed improvement by week 24. The findings suggest that the clarus Histoplasma GM EIA kit could be a valuable tool for monitoring and evaluating the response to antifungal therapy in histoplasmosis patients.
Clumps as multiscale structures in cosmic noon galaxies
Authors: Kalita Boris S , Suzuki Tomoko L , Kashino Daichi , Silverman John D , Daddi Emanuele , Ho Luis C , Ding Xuheng , Mercier Wilfried , Faisst Andreas L , Sheth Kartik , Valentino Francesco , Puglisi Annagrazia , Saito Toshiki , Kakkad Darshan , Ilbert Olivier , Khostovan Ali Ahmad , Liu Zhaoxuan , Tanaka Takumi , Magdis Georgios , Zavala Jorge A , Tan Qinghua , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S , Yang Lilan , Koekemoer Anton M , McKinney Jed , Robertson Brant E , Jin Shuowen , Hayward Christopher C , Hirschmann Michaela , Franco Maximilien , Shuntov Marko , Gozaliasl Ghassem , Kaminsky Aidan , Rich R Michael 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Star-forming clumps have been found to significantly influence the star formation of gas-rich $z\gt 1$ galaxies. Using public data from JWST/NIRCam (Cosmic Evolution Survey; COSMOS-Web) and Atacama Large (sub-)Millimeter Array (ALMA; Fiber-Multi Object Spectrograph or FMOS-COSMOS survey), we study a sample of 32 massive ($\gt 10^{10.5}\, \rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$) main-sequence galaxies at $z_{\rm spec}\sim 1.5$ with $\sim 0.3\, \rm kpc$ resolution. We create composite morphological models consisting of bulge, disc, and clumps to fully ‘deconstruct’ the galaxy images. With the resulting measurements of the flux and size of these components, we find the following: (i) the combined contribution of clumps is 1–30 per cent towards the net star formation of the host while contributing 1–20 per cent to its stellar mass. The clumps show a correlation between their stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR), but have an increased specific SFR relative to the star formation main-sequence, with offsets ranging from $0 \lesssim \Delta \log \rm sSFR \lesssim 0.4$. They feature star formation surface densities of $10^{-2}-10^{2}\, \rm {\rm M}_{\odot }\, yr^{ -1}\, kpc^{-2}$, consistent with values observed in both local star-forming and starburst galaxies. (ii) The detected clumps span a large range of characteristic sizes ($r_{e} \sim 0.1 - 1\, \rm kpc$) and stellar masses ($\sim 10^{8.0-9.5}\, \rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$). We estimate a mass–size relation ($r_{e} \propto \rm M_{\star }^{\, 0.52 \pm 0.07}$) along with a stellar mass function (slope, $\alpha = - 1.85 \pm 0.19$), both suggesting a hierarchical nature similar to that expected in star-forming regions in local galaxies. (iii) Our measurements agree with the properties of stellar clumps in $z\gtrsim 1$ lensed systems, bridging the gap between lensed and unlensed studies by detecting structures at sub-kpc scales. (iv) Clumps are found to be preferentially located along spiral features visible primarily in the residual rest frame near-IR images. In conclusion, we present an observation-based, coherent picture of star-forming clumps in galaxies at $z \gt 1$.
Cloud-scale elemental abundance variations and the CO-to-dust-mass conversion factor in M31
Authors: Bosomworth Chloe , Forbrich Jan , Lada Charles J , Caldwell Nelson , Kobayashi Chiaki , Viaene Sébastien 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
From a spectroscopic survey of candidate H ii regions in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) with MMT/Hectospec, we have identified 294 H ii regions using emission line ratios and calculated elemental abundances from strong-line diagnostics (values ranging from subsolar to supersolar) producing both oxygen and nitrogen radial abundance gradients. The oxygen gradient is relatively flat, while the nitrogen gradient is significantly steeper, indicating a higher N/O ratio in M31’s inner regions, consistent with recent simulations of galaxy chemical evolution. No strong evidence was found of systematic galaxy-scale trends beyond the radial gradient. After subtracting the radial gradient from abundance values, we find an apparently stochastic and statistically significant scatter of standard deviation 0.06 dex, which exceeds measurement uncertainties. One explanation includes a possible collision with M32 200–800 Myr ago. Using the two-point correlation function of the oxygen abundance, we find that, similar to other spiral galaxies, M31 is well-mixed on sub-kpc scales but less so on larger (kpc) scales, which could be a result of an exponential decrease in mixing speed with spatial scale, and the aforementioned recent merger. Finally, the MMT spectroscopy is complemented by a dust continuum and CO survey of individual giant molecular clouds, conducted with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). By combining the MMT and SMA observations, we obtain a unique direct test of the oxygen abundance dependence of the $\alpha ^{\prime }(^{12}{\rm CO})$ factor which is crucial to convert CO emission to dust mass. Our results suggest that within our sample there is no trend of the $\alpha ^{\prime }(^{12}{\rm CO})$ with oxygen abundance.
Assessing metal-induced glycation in French fries
Authors: Nobert Seth , Wolgien-Lowe Haley , Davis Tamara , Paterson Emma , Wilson-Rawlins Thérèse , Golizeh Makan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation is the chemical reaction between the amine group of an amino acid and the carbonyl group of a reducing sugar. The final products of this reaction, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), are known to play a key role in aging and many chronic diseases. The kinetics of the AGE formation reaction depends on several factors, including pH, temperature, and the presence of prooxidant metals, such as iron and copper. In this study, the effect of iron and copper on the rate and outcome of non-enzymatic glycation was examined in the test tube and a food model, using chromatography and spectrometry methods. Binding efficiencies of several chelating agents to selected metals were also assessed. Phytic acid was the most efficient of the tested chelating agents. The effect of phytic acid on AGE formation in French fries was evaluated. While phytic acid treatment increased the amounts of UV-absorbing compounds in fries, a food ingredient rich in phytic acid showed the opposite effect. This study suggests that prooxidant metals can affect the rate, outcome, and yield of the non-enzymatic glycation reaction and that they do so differently when free or chelated. Moreover, despite being an excellent iron chelator, phytic acid can promote AGE formation in fried food potentially via mechanisms other than metal-induced glycation.
Genome-wide phenotypic profiling of transcription factors and identification of novel targets to control the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Sung Dayoung , Choi Garam , Ahn Minji , Byun Hokyung , Kim Tae Young , Lee Hojun , Lee Zee-Won , Park Ji Yong , Jung Young Hyun , Han Ho Jae , Choi Sang Ho 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For successful infection, the life-threatening pathogen Vibrio vulnificus elaborately regulates the expression of survival and virulence genes using various transcription factors (TFs). In this study, a library of the V. vulnificus mutants carrying specific signature tags in 285 TF genes was constructed and subjected to 16 phenotypic analyses. Consequently, 89 TFs affecting more than one phenotype of V. vulnificus were identified. Of these, 59 TFs affected the in vitro survival including growth, stress resistance, biofilm formation and motility, and 64 TFs affected the virulence of V. vulnificus. Particularly, 27 of the 64 TFs enhanced the in vitro hemolytic or cytotoxic activities, and 8 of the 27 TFs also increased the in vivo brine shrimp or murine infectivities of V. vulnificus. Among the eight TFs, HlyU, IscR, NagC, MetJ and Tet2 did not affect the growth of V. vulnificus but still regulated the expression of major exotoxin genes, including rtxA, vvhA and plpA, thereby emerging as potential drug targets for anti-virulence therapies with low selective pressure for developing resistance. Altogether, this study characterized the functions of TFs at a genome-wide scale and identified novel targets to control the virulence of V. vulnificus.
The interplay of the translocase activity and protein recruitment function of PICH in ultrafine anaphase bridge resolution and genomic stability
Authors: Kong Nannan , Chen Kun , Chanboonyasitt Primrose , Jiang Huadong , Wong Ka Yan , Ma Hoi Tang , Chan Ying Wai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Incomplete sister centromere decatenation results in centromeric ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs). PICH (PLK1-interacting checkpoint helicase), a DNA translocase, plays a crucial role in UFB resolution by recruiting UFB-binding proteins and stimulating topoisomerase IIα. However, the involvement of distinct PICH functions in UFB resolution remains ambiguous. Here, we demonstrate that PICH depletion in non-transformed diploid cells induces DNA damage, micronuclei formation, p53 activation, G1-phase delay and cell death. Whole-genome sequencing reveals that segregation defects induced by PICH depletion cause chromosomal rearrangements, including translocations and inversions, emphasizing its significance in preserving genomic integrity. Furthermore, a PICH mutant that impairs UFB recruitment of BLM and RIF1 partially inhibits UFB resolution while a translocase-inactive mutant (PICHK128A) fails to resolve UFBs. Notably, expression of PICHK128A inhibits single-stranded UFB formation and induces hypocondensed chromosomes. We propose that PICH’s translocase activity plays a dual role in promoting UFB resolution by facilitating the generation of single-stranded UFBs and stimulating topoisomerase IIα.
Engagement in Preexposure Prophylaxis Care at 1 Year Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Enrolled in the French ANRS PREVENIR Cohort Study
Authors: Liegeon Geoffroy , Assoumou Lambert , Béniguel Lydie , Palich Romain , Pialoux Gilles , Slama Laurence , Surgers Laure , Duvivier Claudine , Ohayon Michel , Mouhim Hannane , Pavie Juliette , Vu Duc-Hoan , Michels David , Ben Mechlia Mohamed , Spire Bruno , Ghosn Jade , Molina Jean-Michel , Costagliola Dominique 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We evaluated 1-year engagement in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care and associated factors among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in a large cohort of oral PrEP users in the Paris region, France.

Methods
We included in this analysis cisgender GBMSM enrolled in the ANRS PREVENIR cohort study from 3 May 2017 to 28 February 2019. We categorized 1-year PrEP engagement into 4 categories: high (consistent visits, attendance, and prescription refills at months 3, 6, 9, and 12), low (missed visits or no prescription refills), disengagement (PrEP discontinuation), and lost to follow-up. We used a logistic regression model to identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with high engagement in PrEP care.

Results
Of 3211 participants, 2685 GBMSM were included in the analysis. At enrollment, participants had a median age of 36 years, with 88% born in Europe and 52.4% already undergoing PrEP. At month 12, 1612 (60.0%) participants met the high engagement definition, 438 (16.3%) exhibited low engagement, 459 (17.1%) disengaged from PrEP care, and 176 (6.6%) were lost to follow-up. In multivariable analysis, high engagement in PrEP care at 1 year was associated with older age (P &lt; .001), being born in Europe (P = .01), having a higher education level (P = .05), already undergoing PrEP at enrollment (P &lt; .001), having a bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the prior year (P = .01), earlier enrollment in the study (P = .04), and using PrEP daily or switching between PrEP regimens within the first year (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Younger GBMSM, those born outside Europe, and those who were PrEP naive had lower engagement rates in the cohort, requiring tailored support.
Incidence of patient-reported fatigue developing on palbociclib and endocrine therapy for advanced HR+ HER2− breast cancer
Authors: Rahman Shadab A , Poort Hanneke , Schrag Deborah , Tung Stephanie C , Zhou Eric S , Wiley Aleta , Finkelstein Lauren B , Elguenaoui Elkhansaa , Nolan Moira , Mayer Erica L , Joffe Hadine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Fatigue is a common nonhematologic toxicity of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with prevalence rates of clinician-rated all-grade and grade 3/4 fatigue of 39.2% and 2.5%, respectively. We prospectively assessed the incidence of fatigue emerging on palbociclib using patient-reported measures and explored potential predictors.

Methods
Eighty-eight patients with HR+ HER2− MBC without fatigue initiating palbociclib with endocrine therapy were assessed before and monthly across the initial 6 cycles. Clinically meaningful levels of patient-reported fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale, FACIT-F &lt; 34), severity of, and functional interference due to fatigue (NCI Patient-Reported Outcomes for CTCAE, PRO-CTCAE) were assessed. Hematologic and nonhematologic predictors were examined pretreatment and concurrent with fatigue assessments.

Results
Patient-reported fatigue emerged in 21/88 patients [incidence rate 23.9% (95%CI, 15.4%-34.1%)] within 2.8 ± 1.7 treatment cycles. PRO-CTCAE-rated incidence rate of severe fatigue and fatigue interference was 14.8% (95%CI, 8.1%-23.9%) and 10.2% (95%CI, 4.8%-18.5%), respectively. Lower pretreatment absolute neutrophil count (ANC) levels predicted treatment-emergent fatigue (P =.01), but ANC levels on treatment did not (P =.78). Other pretreatment predictors were long sleep duration (P =.02) and low physical activity (trend, P =.07). Treatment-emergent fatigue was associated with objectively measured long sleep duration on treatment (P =.02), but not other measures (P ≥.35).

Conclusions
One-quarter of patients with HR+ HER2− MBC initiating palbociclib report rapidly emergent clinically meaningful fatigue, often with severe symptoms and functional interference. Treatment-emergent fatigue is associated with both pretreatment (lower ANC levels, longer sleep duration) and on-treatment (long sleep duration) hematologic and nonhematologic profiles.
Racial differences in real-world outcomes of first-line therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Geynisman Daniel M , John William S , Miller Taavy A , Asgarisabet Parisa , Guttenplan Sarah B , Yin Xin , Savill Kristin M Zimmerman , McAllister Lindsay , Rosenblatt Lisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Given the historical underrepresentation of racial minorities in clinical trials, little is known about racial differences in outcomes of first-line therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). This study described patient characteristics and clinical outcomes of first-line therapies for aRCC, including nivolumab + ipilimumab, pembrolizumab + axitinib, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, by race in the real-world setting.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective medical chart review of patients with intermediate/poor-risk clear-cell aRCC. Treating physicians abstracted patient data from electronic medical charts.

Results
Among 346 patients with intermediate/poor-risk aRCC, a higher proportion of African-American/Black (n = 78) versus White (n = 268) patients had poorer baseline functional performance (ECOG-PS ≥ 2: 37.2% versus 21.3%). African-American/Black patients trended toward numerically lower overall response rates and shorter overall survival for nivolumab + ipilimumab or pembrolizumab + axitinib than White patients.

Conclusions
These findings provide important insights into racial differences in first-line aRCC treatment outcomes within real-world settings. Additional research with larger sample sizes is warranted.
Impact of cryopreservation on immune cell metabolism as measured by SCENITH
Authors: Luscombe Curtis , Jones Eben , Gregorova Michaela , Jones Nicholas , Rivino Laura 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The dynamic functioning of immune cells is regulated by cellular metabolic processes, and there is growing interest in the study of immunometabolic correlates of dysfunctional immune responses. SCENITH is a novel flow cytometry-based technique that allows for ex vivo metabolic profiling of immune cells within heterogeneous samples. Cryopreservation of clinical samples is frequently undertaken to facilitate high throughput processing and longitudinal analyses of immune responses, but is thought to lead to cellular metabolic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the impact of cryopreservation on immune cell metabolism, harnessing SCENITH’s unique ability to describe the divergent bioenergetic characteristics of distinct immune cell subsets. We demonstrate that upon activation, T cells are unable to sufficiently/readily undergo metabolic reprogramming. Additionally, we find that cryopreservation introduces a time-dependent metabolic artefact that favours glycolysis and impairs oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that cryopreservation results in mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite this artefact, SCENITH was still able to reveal the distinct bioenergetic profiles of contrasting immune cells populations following cryopreservation. Whilst SCENITH can provide valuable information about immune cell metabolism even in cryopreserved samples, our findings have important implications for the design of future studies. Investigators should carefully consider how to process and store clinical samples to ensure that cryopreservation does not confound analyses, particularly where longitudinal sampling is required.