bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is insulin-like growth factor-1 correlated with retinopathy of prematurity?
Authors: Jafari Nahid , Karimi Moghadam Arezoo , Taslimi Taleghani Naeeme , Hosseini Nezhad Neda , Motamed Nima , Jalilvand Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) association with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is our object.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on IGF-1 levels of 40 neonates <34 weeks gestational age and 2000 g at 1st week and 4–6 weeks after birth. All participants were evaluated for ROP after 31 weeks of gestation.

Results:
IGF-1 levels showed a significant difference between neonates ≤1500 and 1500–2000 g (1 and 4–6 weeks, P = 0.008, P = 0.039, respectively). No significant association was found between IGF-1 and ROP.

Conclusion:
Finding a meaningful association between IGF-1 and ROP requires consideration of factors affecting the IGF-1.
Awareness and Practices Regarding Cervical Cancer Among Women of Self-Help Groups in Rural Puducherry
Authors: Boratne Abhijit V. , Angusubalakshmi R. , Maniraj Smrithi 
Published: November 2021

Context:
India has the highest number of cervical cancer cases in the world and also the second most leading cause of cancer among females. Early diagnosis along with appropriate treatment at an earlier stage is needed to combat the high burden of cervical cancer in our setting.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to study the awareness and practices about cervical cancer among women of self-help groups (SHGs) in rural Puducherry.

Subjects and Methods:
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women in SHGs in the four villages under field practice area of Rural Health Training Center, Department of Community Medicine of our teaching hospital. Details on sociodemographic characteristics, awareness regarding cervical cancer, and source of information regarding cervical cancer were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to assess the significance of study findings. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Majority (57.6%) of the SHG women were homemakers and about one-third (31.2%) of them were involved in farming and daily wage labor activities. Around 37.6% have awareness on cervical cancer and almost all (99.2%) of SHG women have never undergone PAP smear examination nor heard about PAP smear/HPV vaccine. The study revealed that women's education and socioeconomic status were associated with the knowledge of the cervical cancer and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The present study found that awareness about cervical cancer among the respondents was very less. It is found to be associated with maternal education, occupation, and socioeconomic status of the women.
Determinants of Correct Knowledge of Coronavirus Infection and COVID-19 Disease Pandemic among Pregnant Women in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Abdus-Salam Rukiyat Adeola , Lawal Temitayo Victor , Lawal Olatunji Okikiola , Akinlusi Fatima Motunrayo , Bello Oluwasomidoyin Olukemi , Morhason-Bello Imran Oludare 
Published: November 2021

Background:
As the spread of COVID-19 continues, the disease and its sequels affect antenatal, intrapartum and post-partum care, thus making pregnant women and their babies vulnerable. This study assessed the knowledge of COVID-19 disease and determinants of correct knowledge among pregnant women at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women. Data collected were analysed with STATA 16.0 software. Descriptive, bivariate and multinomial regression analyses were performed. The primary outcomes were awareness of COVID-19 (yes/no), correct knowledge, and determinants.

Results:
Three hundred and eighty participants were interviewed. The mean age was 32 years (±4.78). A little over a third (37%) were aged 30-34 years, married (97.1%), Yoruba (86.6%), had tertiary education (89.0), in skilled occupation (54.6%) and not well-exposed to media (56.7%). The knowledge of COVID-19 was good (15%), fair (79%), and poor (6%). About 19.6%, 66.7% and 13.7% of participants who had poor, fair and good knowledge, respectively, believed that COVID-19 exists (P = 0.007). The factors associated with good knowledge include occupation, income, level of education and exposure to media (P value <0.05). On multinomial logistic regression, occupation was significantly associated with good knowledge, while being less exposed to media was significantly associated with having poor knowledge.

Conclusion:
Pregnant women had fair knowledge of COVID-19 disease; occupation, level of education, exposure to media and income are associated with having correct knowledge. Misinformation and misconception about COVID-19 disease may affect maternal health utilization and pregnancy outcomes. Antenatal care presents an opportunity to provide health education and increase the knowledge of COVID-19 among pregnant women.
Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome of Laryngeal Cancer in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Shuaibu Iliyasu Yunusa , Ajiya Abdulrazak , Adebola Shofoluwe Nurudeen , Adewuyi Sunday Adeyemi , Aminu Usman Mohammed , Adamu Auwal 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract worldwide, and its management may sometimes be challenging, especially in developing countries due to late presentation, poverty and limited resources.

Aim:
This study aims to highlight the clinical profile and treatment outcome of laryngeal cancer in our centre.

Patients and Methods:
This was a retrospective review of patients who were managed for laryngeal cancer between January 2011 and December 2020.

Results:
There were 90 (89.1%) males and 11 (10.9%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 8.2:1. The age ranged from 22 to 82 years, with a mean age of 57.2 ± 12.7 years. Fifty patients (49.5%) presented more than 1 year after the onset of the symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) was the only histological diagnosis observed in our patients. The laryngeal cancer was transglottic in location in 45 (44.6%) patients, while 50 (49.5%) patients presented with Stage III disease. Twenty-one (20.8%) patients had total laryngectomy. Amongst the patients managed, 17 (17.0%) were still on follow-up. Up to 37 (37.0%) were referred for radiotherapy elsewhere after chemotherapy. Forty-one of the patients (40.0%) died during the course of their management. There was a statistically significant association between having definitive surgical management and survival beyond 5 years (Chi-square test = 8.635,P= 0.003).

Conclusion:
Majority of the patients presented late with transglottic SCCA. Surgical extirpation of the lesion was associated with better prognosis in our patients.
Case Report: Disseminated Cysticercosis due to Intentional Ingestion of Parasitic Worm Eggs for Weight Loss
Authors: Zhang Han-Yu , Wang Guo-Xing , Xing Yue-Yan , Xie Miao-Rong 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
A 20-year-old female resident of Beijing intended to consume the eggs of the parasitic worm, Taenia saginata, for weight loss; however, she apparently inadvertently ingested Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) eggs, which resulted in disseminated cysticercosis. Cysticerci developed in the brain, tongue, muscles, liver, peritoneum, and subcutaneous tissues. She was administered oral albendazole and praziquantel. After four 10-day courses of treatment, most of the cysts disappeared and she recovered. After 3 years, the patient remains in good health.
A Reevaluation of the Tolerability and Effects of Single-Dose Ivermectin Treatment on Onchocerca volvulus Microfilariae in the Skin and Eyes in Eastern Ghana
Authors: Opoku Nicholas O. , Gyasi Michael E. , Doe Felix , Lew Daphne , Hong Augustine R. , Chithenga Sithembele , Fischer Peter U. , King Christopher L. , Weil Gary J. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Mass administration of ivermectin (IVM) has significantly reduced onchocerciasis prevalence, intensity, and morbidity in most endemic areas. Most IVM clinical trials were performed long ago in persons with high-intensity infections that are uncommon in West Africa today. This cohort treatment study recruited participants from a hypoendemic area in eastern Ghana to reevaluate the efficacy and tolerability of IVM with a special focus on the kinetics of microfilaria (Mf) clearance. Mf in the skin and anterior chambers (AC) were assessed by skin snip and slit lamp examinations at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after treatment with IVM 150 μg/kg. Most participants (184–231, 79.7%) enrolled were treatment-naïve. The baseline geometric mean skin Mf count was 12.67/mg (range 3–86). Although persons with MfAC at baseline (64/231, 27%) had significantly higher skin Mf counts than people without MfAC, 7 of 39 (15%) of persons with skin Mf counts in the range of 3–5 Mf/mg had MfAC. Skin Mf were detected in 14% (31/218) and 45% (96/216) of participants 3 and 6 months after IVM treatment, respectively. MfAC were detected in 12 of 212 (5.7%) study participants at 6 months. 81% (187 of 231) of participants experienced 439 adverse events within 7 days after treatment; all adverse events were mild (96.1%) or moderate. This study has provided new data on the kinetics of Mf in the skin and eyes after IVM treatment of persons with light to moderate intensity Onchocerca volvulus infections that are common in Africa at this time.
Case Report: Splenic Infarction in Infectious Mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Nishioka Hiroaki , Hayashi Katsuma , Shimizu Hayato 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and IM is a clinical syndrome typically characterized by fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymph node enlargement. We describe the case of a 19-year-old man with IM complicated by splenic infarction. The patient visited our hospital because of upper abdominal pain without a fever and sore throat. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a low-density area in the spleen, which indicated splenic infarction. The next day, he developed a fever. After diminishing abdominal pain and fever, he developed pharyngitis accompanied by fever. Acute EBV infection was confirmed by serological tests. The patient was successfully managed with no specific therapy. Splenic infarction is a rare complication of IM and this case showed that splenic infarction can precede a fever and pharyngitis.
Outcomes of 27 gauge pars plana vitrectomy for a variety of posterior segment diseases
Authors: Muhammad Amer Awan  , Shaheen Fiza , Kholood Janjua  
Published: November 2021

Objective: To report our experience with 27 gauge (27G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) system for a variety of simple to complex posterior segment disorders
Methods: Single center, Retrospective, Cohort study. Data of 665 eyes of 574 patients that underwent 27G PPV for a variety of indications from July 2015 to June 2019 at a tertiary care hospital was analyzed.
Results: Common surgical indications included; Diabetic tractional retinal detachment (196, 29.5%), vitreous haemorrhage (191, 28.7%), full thickness macular hole (80, 12%), epiretinal membrane (66, 9.9%), endophthalmitis (26, 3.9%), tractional diabetic macular edema (14, 2.1%), ectopia lentis (11, 1.7%), dropped lens matter (13, 2%) and others (68, 10.2%). Mean operating time was 62 ± 37 minutes. With the exception of 2 cases where 20G fragmatome was utilized, no case required conversion to 20 gauge system while a 25G trocar was used for the silicon oil injection. Per-operative complications included; iatrogenic retinal tear (2 eyes, 0.3%) and supra choroidal silicon oil migration (1 eye, 0.15%). Post-operative complications were raised IOP (7 eyes, 1%), endophthalmitis (1 eye, 0.15%), hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis (1 eye, 0.15%) and retinal detachment (2 eyes, 0.3%). Mean Visual Acuity improved from 1.62 ± 0.68 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.4 ± 0.38 logMAR (P <0.001).
Conclusion: With 3 months follow up time, 27 G PPV has proved to be a safe and effective system for both simpler and complex retinal pathologies requiring significant surgical manipulation.
Continuous...
Contra homonímia e polissemia: em defesa de uma categoria modal para os verbos modais
Authors: Resende Maurício Sartori 
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho discute propriedades morfológicas, sintáticas e semânticas dos verbos modais do português. Seguindo os pressupostos da Gramática Gerativo-Transformacional, este artigo discorre sobre dois problemas bastante caros à caracterização dos verbos modais, que têm a ver com seu estatuto de homônimos ou polissêmicos. Reanalisando o caráter “lexical” desses verbos bem como seu caráter “auxiliar”, este estudo defende que há apenas uma única entrada para dever e poder e que suas propriedades estruturais e interpretativas dependem da sintaxe e não do léxico. Para tanto, este trabalho advoga em favor de uma categoria MODAL, não como rótulo descritivo, mas como primitivo da gramática, e mostra quais as consequências teóricas e empíricas dessa proposta.
Entre prestígio e preconceito: a realização do /r/ retroflexo no sul do Pará
Authors: Bazzo Manoella Gonçalves , Rezende Tânia Ferreira 
Published: November 2021

Os estudos sobre a variante retroflexa [ɻ] se relacionam ao dialeto caipira (AMARAL, 1920) e à trilha das bandeiras, nas regiões do centro-sul brasileiro. Contudo, estudos indicam a ocorrência dessa variante no norte do Brasil (BRANDÃO, 2007; BAZZO, 2012), fenômeno pouco abordado nas pesquisas sociolinguísticas. Essa discussão se apoia nos resultados da pesquisa de campo, de cunho quali-quantitativa, realizada no município de Redenção – Pará, abordando a realização dessa variante entre redencenses. Embasada na Sociolinguística Laboviana, a pesquisa contou com a participação de 12 coparticipantes, cujos relatos foram transcritos, gerando a materialidade empírica do estudo. Constatamos que parte desses(as) coparticipantes avalia negativamente a [ɻ], associando-a ao contexto rural redencense. Outra parte a associa ao contexto agropecuarista da região. Assim, à [ɻ] é agregado prestígio sociolinguístico, relacionado à proposta de reconfiguração do caipira (AGUILERA; SILVA, 2015), tomando o produtor rural como índice de uma cultura country americana no contexto brasileiro (ALEM, 2005; OLIVEIRA, 2003).
PEMILIHAN ALTERNATIF SUMBER AIR BAKU DI KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Simanjuntak Salomo , Saragi Yetty Riris , Simanjuntak Johan Oberlyn , Pasaribu Humisar , Sianipar Ricki A H 
Published: November 2021

Clean water is a primary need for humans in every country. The availability of clean water must be guaranteed in time, quantity and quality. The need for water for both domestic and non-domestic needs continues to increase from year to year. To meet the needs of clean water, the people of Karo Regency need clean water sources that are suitable for drinking.
Water resources are water discharge and population for water distribution. In finding the amount of water demand, an analysis of the population and analysis of clean water production is carried out. Determining the need for clean water and the population in Karo Regency uses the Geometry method which this method shows the largest population growth so that it can be planned for clean water needs until 2027.
Based on the results of the projected population plus the number of water needs in 2027 as many as 491,444 people, the required water discharge is 907,799 l/s while the current production capacity is 14,744.831 l/s, so the additional capacity needed is 0.01003 m3/s.
Implementation in the construction of clean water facilities must be adjusted to the level of social, cultural, and economic conditions of the community.
Methane in Zackenberg Valley, NE Greenland: multidecadal growing season fluxes of a high-Arctic tundra
Authors: Scheller Johan H. , Mastepanov Mikhail , Christiansen Hanne H. , Christensen Torben R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The carbon balance of high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems plays
an essential role in the atmospheric concentration of trace gases, including
carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Increasing atmospheric
methane levels have contributed to ∼ 20 % of the observed
global warming since the pre-industrial era. Rising temperatures in the
Arctic are expected to promote the release of methane from Arctic
ecosystems. Still, existing methane flux measurement efforts are sparse and
highly scattered, and further attempts to assess the landscape fluxes over
multiple years are needed. Here we combine multi-year July–August methane flux monitoring (2006–2019)
from automated flux chambers in the central fens of Zackenberg Valley,
northeast Greenland, with several flux measurement campaigns on the most
common vegetation types in the valley to estimate the landscape fluxes over
14 years. Methane fluxes based on manual chamber measurements are available
from campaigns in 1997, 1999–2000, and in shorter periods from 2007–2013
and were summarized in several published studies. The landscape fluxes are
calculated for the entire valley floor and a smaller subsection of the
valley floor, containing the productive fen area, Rylekærene. When integrated for the valley floor, the estimated July–August landscape
fluxes were low compared to the single previous estimate, while the
landscape fluxes for Rylekærene were comparable to previous estimates.
The valley floor was a net methane source during July–August, with
estimated mean methane fluxes ranging from 0.18 to 0.67 mg m−2 h−1. The mean methane fluxes in the fen-rich Rylekærene were
substantially higher, with fluxes ranging from 0.98 to 3.26 mg m−2 h−1. A 2017–2018 erosion event indicates that some fen and grassland areas in
the center of the valley are becoming unstable following pronounced fluvial
erosion and a prolonged period of permafrost warming. Although such physical
disturbance in the landscape can disrupt the current ecosystem–atmosphere
flux patterns, even pronounced future erosion of ice-rich areas is unlikely
to impact methane fluxes on a landscape scale significantly. Instead,
projected changes in future climate in the valley play a more critical role.
The results show that multi-year landscape methane fluxes are highly
variable on a landscape scale and stress the need for long-term spatially
distributed measurements in the Arctic.
Debatendo relações étnico-raciais no Brasil através do cinema: a experiência do Sala de Cinema UEFS em 2020
Authors: França Alex Santana , Sanches Maria Aparecida Prazeres , Mello Ivone Maia de , Costa Matheus Guimarães 
Published: November 2021

O Sala de Cinema UEFS foi criado no intuito de oportunizar a experiência extensionista para estudantes de todos os cursos e setores da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana e comunidade externa, através do cinema. A proposta desse relato de experiência é apresentar os resultados dos eventos organizados ao longo do ano de 2020 que abordaram a temática das relações étnico-raciais e suas convergências com identidades de gênero, sexualidades e relações etárias. Os cinedebates promovidos, em um contexto de pandemia mundial de Covid-19 e de intensificação dos conflitos étnico-raciais no Brasil, sucintamente descritos nesse relato, demostraram o quanto as hierarquias de raça e gênero, manifestadas pelo racismo, machismo e misoginia produzem mecanismos de violência e exclusão social, atestando a pertinência do uso do cinema como forma de produzir uma crítica contundente acerca dessas estruturas de dominação, além de promover ações efetivas de rompimento delas.
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКАМ
Authors: Abdrakhmanova Samal 
Published: November 2021

The article reveals the opportunities of distance learning technology for teaching foreign languages. The online environment gives students the opportunity (and responsibility) to) independently control the pace, time, educational path and place of study, and also helps in the development of self-regulation, planning and control skills. For many students, the online environment is the first and only place of freedom and responsibility. The teacher can use distance learning as part of the blended learning model or as the main form of education if this is provided for in the curriculum of the educational institution.
В статье раскрыты возможности дистанционной технологии обучения иностранным языкам. Онлайн-среда дает студентам возможность (и ответственность) самостоятельно контролировать темп, время, образовательную траекторию и место учебы, а также помогает в развитии навыков саморегуляции, планирования и контроля. Для многих студентов онлайн-среда является первым и единственным местом свободы и ответственности. Преподаватель может использовать дистанционное обучение как часть модели смешанного обучения или как основную форму обучения, если это предусмотрено учебной программой учебного заведения.
Мақала қашықтан оқыту технологиясының шет тілдерін оқыту мүмкіндіктерін ашады. Интернеттегі орта студенттерге оқу қарқынын, уақытын, білім алу жолын және оқу орнын өз бетінше басқаруға мүмкіндік береді (және жауапкершілік), сонымен қатар өзін-өзі реттеу, жоспарлау және бақылау дағдыларын дамытуға көмектеседі. Көптеген студенттер үшін желідегі орта бостандық пен жауапкершіліктің бірінші және жалғыз орны болып табылады. Оқытушы қашықтықтан оқытуды аралас оқыту моделінің бөлігі ретінде немесе білім берудің негізгі формасы ретінде қолдана алады, егер бұл оқу бағдарламасында қарастырылған мекеме.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERAGA PEMBELAJARAN KENDALI CERDAS DENGAN MIKROKONTROLLER AVR
Authors: Rahmat Rahmat , Wiyono Wiyono 
Published: November 2021

Kesulitan dalam memahami konsep mata kuliah kendali hampir dialami bagi mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah teknik kendali. Dengan adanya alat peraga pembelajaran dimaksudkan untuk membantu mahasiswa memahami konsep sistem kendali secara nyata dalam bentuk rangkaian kendali nyata. Tahapan pembuatan alat peraga pembelajaran dilakukan dengan pembuatan program dan rangkaian mikrokontroller untuk aplikasi kendali intensitas cahaya, kendali kecepatan motor DC dan kendali motor stepper. Dari hasil tahapan perancangan modul dan pembuatan serta uji coba modul pembelajaran mikokontroller avr pada penerapan kendali cerdas telah dilakukan percobaan perubahan sinyal DC PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) dari rangkaian mikrontroller dengan dutycycle 25-99 untuk mengendalikan tegangan untuk beban lampu pijar untuk menghasilkan intensitas cahaya 202-8120 lux, percobaan perubahan sinyal DC PWM dari rangkaian mikrokontroller dengan dutycycle 50 – 100 untuk mengendalikan kecepatan motor DC dari 131 – 240 rpm, percobaan pembakit pulse dari rangkaian mikrokontroller untuk mengatur posisi gerakan motor stepper dengan pulse yang dibangkitkan 6.25 – 50 untuk mengatur posisi dari 45 derajat sampai 360 derajat. Dari hasil percobaan pengaturan intensitas cahaya, pengaturan kecepatan motor DC dan pengaturan posisi motor stepper merupakan realisasi aplikasi nyata dalam materi pembelajaran teknik kendali cerdas yang dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam pemahaman penerapan teknik kendali cerdas dalam penerapan nyata. Modul hasil percobaan bisa digunakan sebagai sarana pembelajaran sebagai alat peraga pembelajaran pada mata kuliah teknik kendali cerdas untuk membuktikan proses pengendalian intensitas cahaya, pengaturan kecepatan motor DC dan pengaturan posisi gerakan motor stepper menggunakan rangkaian kendali mikrokontroller AVR.