bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The discrepancy between Clove and Non-Clove Cigarette Smoke-Promoted Candida albicans Biofilm Formation with precoating RNA-aptamer
Authors: Bachtiar Boy Muchlis , Gani Basri A. , Deviana Astri , Utami Nastiti Rilo , Andriyani Anissa Dien , Bachtiar Endang Winiati 
Published: May 2021

This study explores the influence of precoating aptamer (Ca-apt1) on C. albicans viability while the fungus was growing in the presence of exposing condensed cigarette smoke (CSC), prepared from clove (CCSC) and non-clove (NCSC) cigarettes, for 48 h. Using qPCR, we found that mRNA expression of adhesion-associated genes (ALS3 and HWP1) was impaired by precoating C. albicans yeast cells with the aptamer. Conversely, the gene transcription was upregulated when aptamer-uncoated yeast was pre-treated with either CSC. In addition, by analysing the result of MTT ([3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay, we found that the presence of added CCSC or NCSC in growth medium for 48 h was significantly enhanced C. albicans biofilm development. However, the presence of precoated aptamer was significantly impaired biofilm development accelerated by the NCSC. The inhibitory effect of the Ca-apt1 was not dependent on the precoated aptamer (1 and 10%). Interestingly, we noted that the enhancer effect of treated CCSC was no longer effective when the yeast had been precoated with 10% aptamer tested. Additionally, light microscopy analysis revealed that precoating aptamer alleviates morphological changes of C. albicans (from yeast to hypha formation) that are enhanced by adding CCSC or NCSC in the growth medium. In conclusion, these results suggest that administration on Ca-ap1 exhibits a significant protective effect on CSC-induced biofilm formation by C. albicans.
What stresses adolescents? A qualitative study on perceptions of stress, stressors and coping mechanisms among urban adolescents in India
Authors: Nagabharana TK , Joseph Shama , Rizwana Azeez , Krishna Murali , Barker Mary , Fall Caroline , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Krishnaveni GV 
Published: May 2021

Background: In India, stress levels are increasing steadily among youth. We aimed to explore the factors that contribute to psychological stress and coping strategies among adolescents in Mysore, India to inform the development of an intervention. Methods: We recruited 16 volunteers in Mysore, India including 6 younger (12-15 years; 3 girls) and 10 older adolescents/ young adults (17-25 years; 5 girls) using a purposive sampling technique. Older adolescents were recruited from ongoing birth cohort study, and the younger adolescents by word-of-mouth from the community. Individual in-depth interviews were carried out based on a semi-structured interview guide comprising open-ended questions. The interviews were analysed to derive themes and emerging constructs related to stress and coping strategies. Results: Adolescents generally perceived stress in their daily lives. Family conflicts and academic pressures were the main triggers for increased stress. Issues around peer relationships, and social position were also important contributors. Adolescents reported that they had robust coping strategies. These included stress release through rationalising and acceptance of the situation, distraction activities, spirituality, and self-comforting methods. However, they felt the need for further support from their family, and the society in general. In particular they expressed the need for a space to share their concerns and obtain guidance through healthy discussions with adults. Conclusions: Our study indicates that adolescents in India are exposed to a wide range of stressors in their daily lives. The conflict between ‘traditional’ society’s opinions of what adolescents should do and the new age adolescents’ aspirations for autonomy to find ‘informed’ solutions for their issues may hinder the stress management efforts. Moving forward, we propose to develop a culturally acceptable intervention tool that accommodates adolescents’ perspectives and psychosocial context.
Witold Taszycki w dyskusji o pochodzeniu polskiego języka literackiego
Authors: Kwaśnicka-Janowicz Agata 
Published: May 2021

Witold Taszycki in the Discussion on the Origin of the Polish Literary Language
The article presents the position of Witold Taszycki in the debate, which was the most intensive in 1940s and 1950s, on the origin of the Polish literary language. Taszycki was a supporter of the extreme thesis according to which the literary Polish originated from Lesser Poland, where it developed in the mid-16th century. In opposition to the Greater Poland theory, the extreme views of Witold Taszycki on the time and place of shaping the Polish literary language resulted not only from the author’s beliefs, but also from a different terminology and research method used by the researcher.
Design and analysis of trench-assisted dual-mode multi-core fiber with large-mode-field-area
Authors: Zhang Yuqin , Lian Yudong , Wang Yuhe , Yang Mengxin , Wang Jingbo , Luan Nannan , Wang Yulei , Lu Zhiwei 
Published: May 2021

A novel trench-assisted dual-mode multi-core fiber with large-mode-field-area is proposed. The structure consists of 17 conventional cores and two air holes according to a regular hexagon, which can realize strict dual-mode transmission. The structural parameters’ effect on mode transmission characteristics, mode-field-area, and bending loss are analyzed systematically. By optimizing the structural parameters, the mode-field-area of the fundamental mode can reach

2100.619

µ

m

2

. The introduction of the trench with a lower refractive index than cladding can reduce the bending loss to

9.88

×

10

−
4

d
B

/

m

when the bending radius is 2.3 cm. Besides, the structural design is flexible, and the manufacturing process is simple, which has broad application prospects.
Simplified sensitivity analysis of coherent beam combining in a tiled aperture architecture
Authors: Jabczyński Jan K. , Gontar Przemysław , Gorajek Łukasz , Żendzian Waldemar 
Published: May 2021

We propose a simple analytical–numerical model for simplified sensitivity analysis of coherent beam combining of several dozens of emitters arranged in 2D tiled architecture. The main findings are as follows: (i) regarding phase/piston error, the performance does not depend on the number of emitters and particular amplitude profiles and fulfills the Maréchal formula; (ii) regarding tilt mismatch, the performance does not depend on the number of emitters; however, the effect of amplitude profile has to be taken into account; and (iii), regarding wavefront aberration, the Strehl ratio drop is dominant and fulfills the Maréchal formula as well.
Achromatic flat lens performance limits
Authors: Engelberg Jacob , Levy Uriel 
Published: May 2021

In recent years there has been a lot of interest in flat lenses, a category that includes diffractive lenses and metalenses. These lenses have the potential of reducing the size and cost of optical systems by replacing conventional refractive optical elements. A major obstacle to the widespread use of flat lenses is their inherent large chromatic aberration, associated with diffraction effects. To meet this challenge, achromatic diffractive lenses and metalenses have been developed. In this paper we review previously reported metalens performance limits, derive limits on the performance of achromatic diffractive lenses, and compare the two. We show that such lenses can support a wide spectral range, limited only by loss of efficiency caused by manufacturing limitations related to feature depth and size. On the other hand, we show that these lenses can provide near-diffraction-limited performance only at very low Fresnel numbers, i.e., they cannot provide large focusing power and broadband response simultaneously. We then go on to compare the limits of achromatic metalenses and diffractive lenses, in attempt to understand the potential of different types of flat lenses. Our findings facilitate better understanding of flat lens capabilities and limitations, and the exploration of novel design concepts and applications.
Radiation-balanced silica fiber laser
Authors: Knall J. , Engholm M. , Boilard T. , Bernier M. , Vigneron P.-B. , Yu N. , Dragic P. D. , Ballato J. , Digonnet M. J. F. 
Published: May 2021

In optically pumped lasers, heat generated by the quantum defect causes
detrimental fluctuations in the output mode, frequency, and power.
Common heat-mitigation techniques use bulky mechanical coolers that
introduce vibrations, leading to laser frequency and amplitude noise.
Here, we present a radiation-balanced fiber laser, optically cooled by
anti-Stokes fluorescence (ASF). The gain medium is a silica fiber with
a 21-µm-diameter core doped with 2.06 wt. %

Y
b

3
+

and co-doped with

A
l

2

O

3

and F- to reduce concentration
quenching. The laser was core-pumped at 1040 nm to create both gain at
1065 nm and ASF cooling at atmospheric pressure. We demonstrate a
maximum output power of 114 mW with a slope efficiency of 41% while
maintaining near-zero average temperature change. This result could
enable the development of fiber lasers with unprecedented coherence
and stability.
6  GHz hyperfast rotation of an optically levitated nanoparticle in vacuum
Authors: Jin Yuanbin , Yan Jiangwei , Rahman Shah Jee , Li Jie , Yu Xudong , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2021

We report an experimental observation of a record-breaking ultrahigh rotation frequency about 6 GHz in an optically levitated nanoparticle system. We optically trap a nanoparticle in the gravity direction with a high numerical aperture (NA) objective lens, which shows significant advantages in compensating the influences of the scattering force and the photophoretic force on the trap, especially at intermediate pressure (about 100 Pa). This allows us to trap a nanoparticle from atmospheric to low pressure (

10

−
3

Pa

) without using feedback cooling. We measure a highest rotation frequency about 4.3 GHz of the trapped nanoparticle without feedback cooling and a 6 GHz rotation with feedback cooling, which is the fastest mechanical rotation ever reported to date. Our work provides useful guides for efficiently observing hyperfast rotation in the optical levitation system and may find various applications such as in ultra-sensitive torque detection, probing vacuum friction, and testing unconventional decoherence theories.
Examining intentions to take iron supplements to inform a behavioral intervention: The Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) project
Authors: Sedlander Erica , Long Michael W. , Bingenheimer Jeffrey B. , Rimal Rajiv N. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundMore than half of women of reproductive age in India have anemia. Over the last decade, India has made some progress towards reducing anemia in pregnant women, but non-pregnant women, who make up the largest sub group of people with anemia, are largely disregarded.ObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to examine intentions to take iron supplements and factors associated with intentions to inform a social norms-based behavioral intervention to increase uptake of iron supplements and reduce anemia in Odisha, India.MethodsWe collected data from 3,914 randomly sampled non-pregnant women of reproductive age in 81 villages. We conducted a survey and took hemocue (anemia level) readings from each participant. We analyzed data using linear regression models beginning with demographics and social norms and adding other factors such as self-efficacy to take iron supplements, anemia risk perception, and knowledge about anemia in a subsequent model.Results63% of women in our sample were anemic but less than 5% knew they were anemic. Despite national guidelines that all women of reproductive age should take weekly iron supplements to prevent anemia, less than 3% of women in our sample were currently taking them. While actual use was low, intentions were rather high. On a five point Likert scale where higher numbers meant more intentions to take supplements, average intentions were above the midpoint (M= 3.48,SD= 1.27) and intentions and iron supplement use were significantly correlated (r= .10,p< .001). Both injunctive norms and collective norms were associated with intentions to take iron supplements but descriptive norms were not. Other significant factors included age, breastfeeding, knowledge, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. The final model accounted for 74% of the variance in iron supplement intentions.ConclusionsIn this context, where the actual behavior is low but intentions to enact the behavior are high, starting an intervention with injunctive norms messaging (expectations around the behavior) and self-efficacy to enact the behavior is the step we recommend based on our results. As an intervention unfolds and iron supplement use increases, descriptive norms messaging (that people are indeed taking iron supplements) may add value.
Recognizing oneself in the encounter with others: Meaningful moments in systemic therapy for social anxiety disorder in the eyes of patients and their therapists after the end of therapy
Authors: Hilzinger Rebecca , Duarte Javiera , Hench Barbara , Hunger Christina , Schweitzer Jochen , Krause Mariane , Fischersworring Martina 
Published: May 2021

There is evidence that systemic therapy is effective, but there is little evidence about meaningful moments in systemic therapy in general, and none at all in systemic therapy for social anxiety disorders. Meaningful moments are one of the relevant research objects in change process research, as they contribute to a better understanding of therapeutic change.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to characterize and describe meaningful moments in the context of systemic psychotherapy, from the point of view of patients and their therapists, after the end of therapy. The therapy studied is a manualized, monitored systemic therapy for social anxiety disorder.MethodSemi-structured follow-up interviews were conducted separately with five patients and their therapists (N = 10). Methodological triangulation was used: Grounded theory was used to code the transcripts as described by Charmaz. Then the passages of the selected code “meaningful moment” were evaluated using thematic comparison, in line with Meuser & Nagel.FindingsThree categories involving meaningful moments were identified: (1) meeting other patients in group therapy session, (2) therapeutic resource orientation and (3) recognizing oneself in a diagnosis or pattern of behaviour. These categories emerged as contexts related to the occurrence of meaningful moments from a subjective perspective.DiscussionMeaningful moments seem to be consistently related to the therapist input and to specific interventions or settings, both from the perspective of the patients and the therapists. Two tandems each described a coincident moment. One central aspect of all 14 moments is that the patients and therapists described patients being able to acquire another outlook on themselves.
Is minor surgery safe during the COVID-19 pandemic? A multi-disciplinary study
Authors: Baboudjian Michael , Mhatli Mehdi , Bourouina Adel , Gondran-Tellier Bastien , Anastay Vassili , Perez Lea , Proye Pauline , Lavieille Jean-Pierre , Duchateau Fanny , Agostini Aubert , Wazne Yann , Sebag Frederic , Foletti Jean-Marc , Chossegros Cyrille , Raoult Didier , Touati Julian , Chagnaud Christophe , Michel Justin , Bertrand Baptiste , Giovanni Antoine , Radulesco Thomas , Sartor Catherine , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Lechevallier Eric 
Published: May 2021

Background
To assess the risk of postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The CONCEPTION study was a cohort, multidisciplinary study conducted at Conception University Hospital, in France, from March 17th to May 11th, 2020. Our study included all adult patients who underwent minor surgery in one of the seven surgical departments of our hospital: urology, digestive, plastic, gynecological, otolaryngology, gynecology or maxillofacial surgery. Preoperative self-isolation, clinical assessment using a standardized questionnaire, physical examination, nasopharyngeal RT‐PCR and chest CT scan performed the day before surgery were part of our active prevention strategy. The main outcome was the occurrence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection within 21 days following surgery. The COVID-19 status of patients after discharge was updated during the postoperative consultation and to ensure the accuracy of data, all patients were contacted again by telephone.

Results
A total of 551 patients from six different specialized surgical Departments in our tertiary care center were enrolled in our study. More than 99% (546/551) of included patients underwent a complete preoperative Covid-19 screening including RT-PCR testing and chest CT scan upon admission to the Hospital. All RT-PCR tests were negative and in 12 cases (2.2%), preoperative chest CT scans detected pulmonary lesions consistent with the diagnosis criteria for COVID-19. No scheduled surgery was postponed. One patient (0.2%) developed a SARS-CoV-2 infection 20 days after a renal transplantation. No readmission or COVID-19 -related death within 30 days from surgery was recorded.

Conclusions
Minor surgery remained safe in the COVID-19 Era, as long as all appropriate protective measures were implemented. These data could be useful to public Health Authorities in order to improve surgical patient flow during a pandemic.
A comparative analysis of important public clinical trial registries, and a proposal for an interim ideal one
Authors: Venugopal Nisha , Saberwal Gayatri 
Published: May 2021

Background
It is an ethical and scientific obligation to register each clinical trial, and report its results, accurately, comprehensively and on time. The WHO recognizes 17 public registries as Primary Registries, and has also introduced a set of minimal standards in the International Standards for Clinical Trial Registries (ISCTR) that primary registries need to implement. These standards are categorized into nine sections—Content, Quality and Validity, Accessibility, Unambiguous Identification, Technical Capacity, Administration and Governance, the Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS), Partner registries and Data Interchange Standards. This study compared the WHO’s primary registries, and the US’s ClinicalTrials.gov, to examine the implementation of ISCTR, with the aim of defining features of an interim ideal registry.

Methods and findings
The websites of the 18 registries were evaluated for 14 features that map to one or more of the nine sections of ISCTR, and assigned scores for their variations of these features. The assessed features include the nature of the content; the number and nature of fields to conduct a search; data download formats; the nature of the audit trail; the health condition category; the documentation available on a registry website; etc. The registries received scores for their particular variation of a given feature based on a scoring rationale devised for each individual feature analysed. Overall, the registries received between 27% and 80% of the maximum score of 94. The results from our analysis were used to define a set of features of an interim ideal registry.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the widely divergent quality of the primary registries’ compliance with the ISCTR. Even with this limited assessment, it is clear that some of the registries have much work to do, although even a few improvements would significantly improve them.
Measuring and explaining inequality of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kunming, China
Authors: Jin Yongmei , Assanangkornchai Sawitri , Du Yingrong , Liu Jun , Bai Jingsong , Yang Yongrui 
Published: May 2021

Background
In the context of scaling up free antiretroviral therapy (ART), healthcare equality is essential for people living with HIV. We aimed to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in uptake of continuous care for people living with HIV receiving ART, including retention in care in the last six months, routine toxicity monitoring, adequate immunological and virological monitoring, and uptake of mental health assessment in the last 12 months. We also determined the contributions of socioeconomic factors to the degree of inequalities.

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among consecutive clients visiting an HIV treatment center in Kunming, China in 2019. Participants were 702 people living with HIV aged ≥18 years (median age: 41.0 years, 69.4% male) who had been on ART for 1–5 years. Socioeconomic-related inequality and its contributing factors were assessed by a normalized concentration index (CIn) with a decomposition approach.

Results
The uptake of mental health assessment was low (15%) but significantly higher among the rich (CIn 0.1337, 95% CI: 0.0140, 0.2534). Retention in care, toxicity, and immunological monitoring were over 80% but non-significant in favor of the rich (CIn: 0.0117, 0.0315, 0.0736, respectively). The uptake of adequate virological monitoring was 15% and higher among the poor (CIn = -0.0308). Socioeconomic status positively contributed to inequalities of all care indicators, with the highest contribution for mental health assessment (124.9%) and lowest for virological monitoring (2.7%).

Conclusions
These findings suggest virological monitoring and mental health assessment be given more attention in long-term HIV care. Policies allocating need-oriented resources geared toward improving equality of continuous care should be developed.
Monthly pork price forecasting method based on Census X12-GM(1,1) combination model
Authors: Wang Chuansheng , Sun Zhihua 
Published: May 2021

Background
In recent years, the price of pork in China continues to fluctuate at a high level. The forecast of pork price becomes more important. Single prediction models are often used for this work, but they are not accurate enough. This paper proposes a new method based on Census X12-GM(1,1) combination model.

Methods
Monthly pork price data from January 2014 to December 2020 were obtained from the State Statistics Bureau(Mainland China). Census X12 model was adopted to get the long-term trend factor, business cycle change factor and seasonal factor of pork price data before September 2020. GM (1,1) model was used to fit and predict the long-term trend factor and business cycle change factor. The fitting and forecasting values of GM(1,1) were multiplied by the seasonal factor and empirical seasonal factor individually to obtain the fitting and forecasting values of the original monthly pork price series.

Results
The expression of GM(1,1) model for fitting and forecasting long-term trend factor and and business cycle change factor was X(1)(k) = −1704.80e−0.022(k−1) + 1742.36. Empirical seasonal factor of predicted values was 1.002 Using Census X12-GM(1,1) method, the final forecast values of pork price from July 2020 to December 2020 were 34.75, 33.98, 33.23, 32.50, 31.78 and 31.08 respectively. Compared with ARIMA, GM(1,1) and Holt-Winters models, Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of Census X12-GM(1,1) method was the lowest on forecasting part.

Conclusions
Compared with other single model, Census X12-GM(1,1) method has better prediction accuracy for monthly pork price series. The monthly pork price predicted by Census X12-GM(1,1) method can be used as an important reference for stakeholders.