bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncological outcomes after complete mesocolic excision in right‐sided colon cancer: a population‐based study
Authors: Bernhoff Richard , Sjövall Annika , Granath Fredrik , Holm Torbjörn , Martling Anna , Buchli Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimComplete mesocolic excision (CME) has been proposed as the preferred surgical technique for resection of colon cancer. This prospective cohort study evaluates the effect of CME surgery on colon cancer mortality after right‐sided hemicolectomy on a population level.MethodsData from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and the Cause of Death Registry on all patients treated with elective right‐sided hemicolectomy for colon cancer Stages I–III in the Stockholm County 2008–2012 were analysed. Adherence to principles of CME surgery was determined by structured analysis of anonymized surgical reports regarding the presence of five essential features. The exposure to CME was graded as group 0 (not exposed to CME), group 1 (intermediate) and group 2 (exposed to CME).ResultsIn total, 1171 patients were analysed with 234 (20.0%) patients in CME group 0, 453 (38.7%) patients in CME group 1 and 484 (41.3%) in CME group 2. The 5‐year colon cancer mortality was 20.2% in CME group 0, 13.9% in CME group 1 and 13.1% in CME group 2 (P = 0.026). The adjusted hazard ratio for colon cancer mortality was 0.61 (95% CI 0.42–0.91; P = 0.014) for CME group 1 and 0.52 (95% CI 0.35–0.77; P = 0.001) for CME group 2.DiscussionThe presence of predefined CME features in surgical reports was related to a graded benefit on cancer‐specific mortality after right‐sided hemicolectomy for colon cancer Stages I–III.
Trends in cocaine use, markets and harms in Australia, 2003–2019
Authors: Man Nicola , Chrzanowska Agata , Price Olivia , Bruno Raimondo , Dietze Paul M. , Sisson Scott A. , Degenhardt Louisa , Salom Caroline , Morris Leith , Farrell Michael , Peacock Amy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis paper aims to describe cocaine use, markets and harms in Australia from 2003 to 2019.MethodsOutcome indicators comprised prevalence of use from triennial household surveys; patterns of use from annual surveys of sentinel samples who use stimulants; and cocaine‐related seizures, arrests, hospitalisations, deaths and treatment episodes. Bayesian autoregressive time‐series analyses were conducted to estimate trend over time: Model 1, no change; Model 2, constant rate of change; and Model 3, change over time differing in rate after one change point.ResultsPast‐year population prevalence of use increased over time. The percentage reporting recent use in sentinel samples increased by 6.1% (95% credible interval [CrI95%] 1.2%,16.9%; Model 3) per year from around 2017 (48%) until the end of the series (2019: 67%). There was a constant annual increase in number of seizures (count ratio: 1.1, CrI95% 1.1,1.2) and arrests (1.2, CrI95% 1.1,1.2), and percentage reporting cocaine as easy to obtain in the sentinel samples (percent increase 1.2%, CrI95% 0.5%,1.8%; Model 2). Cocaine‐related hospitalisation rate increased from 5.1 to 15.6 per 100 000 people from around 2011–2012 to 2017–2018: an annual increase of 1.3 per 100 000 people (CrI95% 0.8,1.8; Model 3). While the death rate was low (0.23 cocaine‐related deaths per 100 000 people in 2018; Model 2), treatment episodes increased from 3.2 to 5.9 per 100 000 people from around 2016–2017 to 2017–2018: an annual increase of 2.9 per 100 000 people (CrI95% 1.6,3.7; Model 3).Discussion and ConclusionsCocaine use, availability and harm have increased, concentrated in recent years, and accompanied by increased treatment engagement.
Associative memory persistence in 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds
Authors: Saragosa‐Harris Natalie M. , Cohen Alexandra O. , Shen Xinxu , Sardar Haniyyah , Alberini Cristina M. , Hartley Catherine A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdults struggle to recollect episodic memories from early life. This phenomenon—referred to as “infantile” and “childhood amnesia”—has been widely observed across species and is characterized by rapid forgetting from birth until early childhood. While a number of studies have focused on infancy, few studies have examined the persistence of memory for newly learned associations during the putative period of childhood amnesia. In this study, we investigated forgetting in 137 children ages 3–5 years old by using an interactive storybook task. We assessed associative memory between subjects after 5‐min, 24‐h, and 1‐week delay periods. Across all delays, we observed a significant increase in memory performance with age. While all ages demonstrated above‐chance memory performance after 5‐min and 24‐h delays, we observed chance‐level memory accuracy in 3‐year‐olds following a 1‐week delay. The observed age differences in associative memory support the proposal that hippocampal‐dependent memory systems undergo rapid development during the preschool years. These data have the potential to inform future work translating memory persistence and malleability research from rodent models to humans by establishing timescales at which we expect young children to forget newly learned associations.
Effects of 6 weeks of treatment with dapagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, on myocardial function and metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, exploratory study
Authors: Oldgren Jonas , Laurila Sanna , Åkerblom Axel , Latva‐Rasku Aino , Rebelos Eleni , Isackson Henrik , Saarenhovi Maria , Eriksson Olof , Heurling Kerstin , Johansson Edvin , Wilderäng Ulrica , Karlsson Cecilia , Esterline Russell , Ferrannini Ele , Oscarsson Jan , Nuutila Pirjo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the early effects of dapagliflozin on myocardial function and metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes without heart failure.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes on metformin treatment were randomized to double‐blind, 6‐week placebo or dapagliflozin 10 mg daily treatment. Investigations included cardiac function and structure with myocardial resonance imaging; cardiac oxygen consumption, perfusion and efficiency with [11C]‐acetate positron emission tomography (PET); and cardiac and hepatic fatty acid uptake with [18F]‐6‐thia‐heptadecanoic acid PET, analysed by ANCOVA as least square means with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsEvaluable patients (placebo: n = 24, dapagliflozin: n = 25; 53% males) had a mean age of 64.4 years, a body mass index of 30.2 kg/m2 and an HbA1c of 6.7%. Body weight and HbA1c were significantly decreased by dapagliflozin versus placebo. Dapagliflozin had no effect on myocardial efficiency, but external left ventricular (LV) work (−0.095 [−0.145, −0.043] J/g/min) and LV oxygen consumption were significantly reduced (−0.30 [−0.49, −0.12] J/g/min) by dapagliflozin, although the changes were not statistically significant versus changes in the placebo group. Change in left atrial maximal volume with dapagliflozin versus placebo was −3.19 (−6.32, −0.07) mL/m2 (p = .056). Peak global radial strain decreased with dapagliflozin versus placebo (−3.92% [−7.57%, −0.28%]; p = .035), while peak global longitudinal and circumferential strains were unchanged. Hepatic fatty acid uptake was increased by dapagliflozin versus placebo (0.024 [0.004, 0.044] μmol/g/min; p = .018), while cardiac uptake was unchanged.ConclusionsThis exploratory study indicates reduced heart work but limited effects on myocardial function, efficiency and cardiac fatty acid uptake, while hepatic fatty acid uptake increased, after 6 weeks of treatment with dapagliflozin.
Neurological manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19: A retrospective analysis from a large cohort in Northern Italy
Authors: Travi Giovanna , Rossotti Roberto , Merli Marco , D’Amico Federico , Chiappetta Stefania , Giussani Giuditta , Panariello Adelaide , Corradin Matteo , Vecchi Marta , Raimondi Alessandro , Baiguera Chiara , Nocita Benedetta , Epis Oscar Massimiliano , Tarsia Paolo , Galbiati Filippo , Colombo Fabrizio , Fumagalli Roberto , Scaglione Francesco , Moreno Mauro , Percudani Mauro Emilio , Agostoni Elio Clemente , Puoti Massimo ,   the Niguarda COVID‐19 Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV2 infection is a systemic disease that may involve multiple organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Aims of our study are to describe prevalence and clinical features of neurological manifestations, mortality and hospital discharge in subjects hospitalized with COVID‐19. All individuals admitted for to our hospital COVID‐19 were retrospectively included. Patients were classified according to the symptoms at hospital entry in (1) isolated respiratory, (2) combined respiratory and neurologic, (3) isolated neurologic and (4) stroke manifestations. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests to compare the groups were calculated. Kaplan Meier probability curves and multivariable Cox regression models for survival and hospital discharge were applied. The analysis included 901 patients: 42.6% showed a severe or critical disease with an overall mortality of 21.2%. At least one neurological symptom or disease was observed in 30.2% of subjects ranging from dysgeusia/anosmia (9.1%) to postinfective diseases (0.8%). Patients with respiratory symptoms experienced a more severe disease and a higher in‐hospital mortality compared to those who showed only neurologic symptoms. Kaplan Meier estimates displayed a statistically significant different survival among groups (p = 0.003): subjects with stroke had the worst. After adjusting for risk factors such as age, sex and comorbidity, individuals with isolated neurologic manifestations exhibited a better survival (aHR 0.398, 95% CI [0.206, 0.769], p = 0.006). Neurologic manifestations in COVID‐19 are common but heterogeneous and mortality in subjects with isolated neurologic manifestations seems lower than in those with respiratory symptoms.
Heterogeneity effect on fracture parameters of a multilayer asphalt pavement structure containing a top‐down crack and subjected to moving traffic loading
Authors: Aliha M.R.M. , Ziari Hassan , Sobhani Fard Ehsan , Jebalbarezi Sarbijan Majid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA part of the multilayer pavement structure containing top‐down crack in the hot mix asphalt (HMA) layer and subjected to loading of a moving vehicle is simulated using the finite element method. Aggregate distribution and packing algorithm was used for modeling the HMA layer around the top‐down crack as a heterogeneous two‐phase (aggregate/fine aggregate matrix [FAM]) medium. By considering the heterogeneity aspects of the asphalt mixture, the influence of traffic loading location, aggregate distribution, crack length, thickness layer, and mechanical properties of layers and components were investigated on the fracture parameters. The results showed that for different locations of vehicle wheels relative to the top‐down crack, the magnitude and sign of the fracture parameters in heterogeneous modeling were significantly different from the similar values of the homogeneous simulation. The stress intensity factors and especially the T‐stress were significantly sensitive to the crack tip location that can be placed either inside the stiffer aggregate or the softer FAM part.
Impaired instrumental learning in Spred1−/− mice, a model for a rare RASopathy
Authors: Borrie Sarah C. , Horner Alexa E. , Yoshimura Akihiko , Legius Eric , Kopanitsa Maksym V. , Brems Hilde 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRASopathies are neuro‐cardio‐facio‐cutaneous disorders stemming from mutations in genes regulating the RAS‐MAPK pathway. Legius syndrome is a rare RASopathy disorder caused by mutations in the SPRED1 gene. SPRED1 protein negatively regulates activation of Ras by inhibiting RAS/RAF and by its interaction with neurofibromin, a Ras GTPase‐activating protein (RAS‐GAP). Cognitive impairments have been reported in Legius syndrome as well as in other RASopathy disorders. Modelling these cognitive deficits in a Spred1 mouse model for Legius syndrome has demonstrated spatial learning and memory deficits, but other cognitive domains remained unexplored. Here, we attempted to utilize a cognitive touchscreen battery to investigate if Spred1−/− mice exhibit deficits in other cognitive domains. We show that Spred1−/− mice had heterogeneous performance in instrumental operant learning, with a large subgroup (n = 9/20) failing to reach the standard criterion on touchscreen operant pretraining, precluding further cognitive testing. To examine whether targeting the RAS‐MAPK signalling pathway could rescue these cognitive impairments, Spred1−/− mice were acutely treated with the clinically relevant mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD325901. However, MEK inhibition did not improve their instrumental learning. We conclude that Spred1−/− mice can model severe cognitive impairments that cannot be reversed in adulthood.
Forage yield trend of alfalfa cultivars in the Canadian prairies and its relation to environmental factors and harvest management
Authors: Ren Lei , Bennett Jonathan A. , Coulman Bruce , Liu Jushan , Biligetu Bill 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world. The objectives of this study were to assess alfalfa yield improvement in the Canadian prairies, and determine critical climatic factors influencing alfalfa yield in different soil zones. Forage yield data of alfalfa cultivars tested from 1997 to 2011 in the Western Forage Variety Testing System were used for the analysis. There was no significant trend of alfalfa yield increase in western Canada except at Saskatoon, SK. Regrowth yield of alfalfa cultivars released from 2000 to 2011, however, showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase under irrigation. Based on structural equation modelling (SEM), at rain‐fed sites, precipitation from April to June was the most important driver for the farm hay yield (1st‐cut). Forage yield of alfalfa, however, was not associated with winter extreme temperatures, or number of days with freeze‐thaw temperatures in April. Alfalfa yields were greatest under a 3‐cut than 1‐ or 2‐cut systems in the first production year, but this difference declined as stands became older. Alfalfa stands that were harvested more frequently were less responsive to growing season rain, but responded more strongly to increased snow cover, which may indicate reduced growth and less winder hardiness. At the irrigated sites, 1st‐cut forage yield increased with accumulated temperatures above 5°C from April to June. Development of alfalfa cultivars with tolerance to early season drought and improved regrowth, without reducing winter hardiness, would be necessary to stabilize alfalfa production under changing climate in the Canadian prairies.
Home sweet home: Creating a sense of place in globally mobile working lives
Authors: Ridgway Maranda , Kirk Susan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobalization has transformed spatial relations, increasing the demand for mobility. Literature tends to see the de‐emphasizing of national identity and the foregrounding of a cosmopolitan identity as central to an individual's ability to navigate this global landscape. For individuals who are constantly moving the question is how do globally mobile workers navigate the intersection of identity, meaningfulness and place? This interpretivist study explores this question through an analysis of 68 semi‐structured interviews with individuals engaged in different forms of global mobility, ranging from traditional expatriate assignments through to global commuting and business travel. Our findings highlight how a complex interplay between national and cosmopolitan identities influences the search for meaningfulness in the lives of these workers. Drawing on notions of meaning and place, we argue that employers should provide opportunities to access identity narratives though networking and other international human resource management (IHRM) practices that enable these workers to create a sense of meaningfulness in their lives. Thus, we offer a contribution to identity studies and the field of global mobility.
Human SIRT2 and SIRT3 deacetylases function in DNA homologous recombinational repair
Authors: Yasuda Takeshi , Takizawa Kazuya , Ui Ayako , Hama Michio , Kagawa Wataru , Sugasawa Kaoru , Tajima Katsushi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSIRT2 and SIRT3 protein deacetylases maintain genome integrity and stability. However, their mechanisms for maintaining the genome remain unclear. To examine the roles of SIRT2 and SIRT3 in DSB repair, I‐SceI‐based GFP reporter assays for HR, single‐strand annealing (SSA) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair were performed under SIRT2‐ or SIRT3‐depleted conditions. SIRT2 or SIRT3 depletion inhibited HR repair equally to RAD52 depletion, but did not affect SSA and NHEJ repairs. SIRT2 or SIRT3 depletion disturbed the recruitment of RAD51 to DSB sites, an essential step for RAD51‐dependent HR repair, but not directly through RAD52 deacetylation. SIRT2 or SIRT3 depletion decreased the colocalization of γH2AX foci with RPA1, and thus, they might be involved in initiating DSB end resection for the recruitment of RAD51 to DSB sites at an early step in HR repair. These results show the novel underlying mechanism of the SIRT2 and SIRT3 functions in HR for genome stability
Longitudinal study of physical activity with various methods in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhang Lu , Luo Hongmei , Kang Geping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose was to make longitudinal measurements of physical activity and study whether physical activity decreases over time in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.MethodsThis was an observational study, where MHD patients were considered in a 12‐month follow‐up. Laboratory variables and physical activity were tested three times over 12‐months in 124 hemodialysis patients. Physical activity was measured using the Human Activity Profile (HAP), the Stanford 7‐day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire (PAR), and walking speed. Repeated measure variance analysis was used to analyze changes of physical activity. The Bonferroni method was used to do pairwise comparisons.FindingsThe proportion of decreased physical activity increased (P < 0.05). The maximal activity score (MAS), adjusted activity score (AAS), HAP dimension scores, and walking speed all decreased at the three time points studied (P < 0.001). At the same time, moderate physical activities and PAR values changed at three time points (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed that between the baseline and the 6‐month follow‐up, MAS, AAS, the scores of personal/household work, entertainment/social, independent exercise, leg effort, and back effort, all decreased(P < 0.05). Between the baseline and the 12‐month follow‐up, and between the 6‐month follow‐up and the 12‐month follow‐up, all the scores of HAP and walking speed decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Between the baseline and the 6‐month follow‐up, moderate physical activities and PAR values increased (P < 0.05). However, between the baseline and the 12‐month follow‐up, and between the 6‐month follow‐up and the 12‐month follow‐up, moderate physical activities and PAR did not change statistically.ConclusionPhysical activity decreased in hemodialysis patients in the 12‐month follow‐up.
Potential drug‐drug interactions with psychotropic drugs in paediatric inpatients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yalçın Nadir , Özdemir Nesligül , Çak Esen Halime Tuna , Çengel Kültür Sadriye Ebru , Demirkan Kutay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsPolypharmacy and drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) are important problems that necessitate more attention in paediatric inpatients. This study aimed to determine and evaluate DDIs in paediatric inpatients using psychotropic drugs.MethodsIt was conducted as a retrospective cross‐sectional study. Inpatients consulted by child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs) and had at least one psychotropic drug‐using between January 2016 and September 2017 were retrospectively included. To determine the clinical significance of DDIs by Micromedex® and DDI Predictor online databases. DDIs between psychotropic and other drugs, the type, severity, and duration of potential DDIs were evaluated.ResultsDuring the study period, 564 patients’ records were reviewed and 200 patients were considered eligible and included in the study. The median (min‐max) age was 13.70 (1.5‐17.83) years. The mean (SD) number of psychotropics used during hospitalisation was 1.29 (0.55) and the total number of drugs was 7.39 (4.45). A total of 336 potential DDIs were detected (2.19 DDIs/patient) in all patients. The most common potential outcome of psychotropic DDIs was drug‐induced QTc prolongation (67.56%). While 92.85% of the potential DDIs were “contraindicated” or “major,” only 18.46% had a “good” or “excellent” strength of evidence. The risk of psychotropic polypharmacy (OR:0.73, 95% CI 0.59‐0.92; p:0.006) and DDIs (OR:0.69, 95% CI 0.35‐0.76; p:0.033) was significantly higher in patients without primary psychiatric disorders. When the total number of drugs and the total number of potential DDIs were compared amongst all inpatient units, significant differences were found between paediatric hematology‐general paediatrics (mean difference: 2.002; P < .001) and paediatric hematology‐paediatric ICU (mean difference: 1.650; P = .012), respectively.ConclusionPsychotropic drug‐related DDI is a major problem in the paediatric population and the clinical significance of the potential DDIs’ risk should be determined in patient‐centred care and managed by the multidisciplinary team.
The association between dietary acid load with cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers amongst elderly men: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jafari Alireza , Ghanbari Mahtab , Shahinfar Hossein , Bellissimo Nick , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundExisting epidemiological data on dietary acid load and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are controversial. There is no literature evaluating the association between dietary acid load (DAL) with cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers in elderly.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between DAL and cardiometabolic risk factors amongst Iranian elders.MethodA cross‐sectional study was completed using 357 Iranian elders above >60 years of age. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements were performed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. DAL was estimated using the Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) score, Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP) and the Net Endogenous Acid Excretion (NAE) score. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the ATP‐III criteria. Multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of CVD risk factors were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, a higher PRAL score was associated with higher odds of hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.15, 4.50). We also observed that the NEAP score was positively associated with MetS (OR: 17.2, 95% CI: 2.34, 127). Finally, there was a positive association between NAE and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.17) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 2.46 95% CI: 1.22, 4.95).ConclusionMen with higher DAL scores had a higher risk of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia and LAP. Our findings suggest that further prospective studies are required to appraise DAL‐CVD risk factors in populations with varying dietary patterns.