bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of expected B, C, N and O Lyman-α line intensities emitted from W7-X plasmas and measured by means of the W7-X light impurity monitor system
Authors: Fornal Tomasz , Kubkowska Monika , Książek Ireneusz , Stańczak Dominik , Jabłoński Sławomir , Burhenn Rainer ,   W7-X. team
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe “C/O Monitor” for Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is a dedicated light impurity XUV spectrometer intended to measure Lyman-α transitions of hydrogen-like ions of four low-Z impurities—boron (4.9 nm), carbon (3.4 nm), nitrogen (2.5 nm) and oxygen (1.9 nm). Since the discussed diagnostic will deliver continuous information about the line intensities, it is crucial to understand the origin of the obtained signals with respect to the experimental plasma conditions (electron temperature and density). This, however, might be difficult because of the broad acceptance angle of the spectrometer and irregular shape of the plasma edge or SOL where the radiation is expected to mostly come from, depending on the plasma temperature. For that reason, numerous analyses assuming various ranges of electron density and temperature profiles of the W7-X plasmas have been performed (assuming corona equilibrium and neglecting impurity transport processes). The aim of this work is to estimate the expected radiant flux and determine the sensitivity of the system on impurity-level changes. It will allow to improve understanding between measured signal and impurity concentration.
Holographic cosmology with two coupled fluids in the presence of viscosity
Authors: Brevik I. , Timoshkin A. V. 
Published: June 2021

We explore the cosmological models of the late-time universe based on the holographic principle, taking into account the properties of the viscosity of the dark fluid. We use the mathematical formalism of generalized infrared cutoff holographic dark energy, as presented by Nojiri and Odintsov [Covariant generalized holographic dark energy and accelerating universe, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 528]. We consider the Little Rip, the Pseudo Rip, and a bounce exponential model, with two interacting fluids, namely dark energy and dark matter in a spatially-flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe. Within these models, analytical expressions are obtained for infrared cutoffs in terms of the particle horizons. The law of conservation of energy is presented, from a holographic point of view.
Modeling and Analysis of Shock Reduction through Counterflow Plasma Jets
Authors: Rashid Shagufta , Nawaz Fahad , Maqsood Adnan , Salamat Shuaib , Riaz Rizwan , Dala Laurent , Ahmad Riaz 
Published: June 2021

The study presents a numerical investigation of aerodynamic drag reduction by implementing a counterflow plasma jet, emanating from the stagnation point of an aerodynamic surface in a supersonic regime with a constant pressure ratio

PR
=
3

, and compares findings with a conventional opposing jet. The computational study is carried out by solving three-dimensional and axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations for counterflow plasma-jet interaction. The calculations are performed at free-stream Mach (

M

∞

= 1.4) with sea level stagnation conditions. The weakly ionized argon plasma jet generated by a plasma torch has constant stagnation pressure and temperature of

303,975
Pa

and

3000
K

. The effect of the Mach number and the angle of attack variation on plasma-jet effectiveness is also analyzed. The results indicate that the counterflow plasma jet reduces more drag (in twice) compared to the conventional jet (nonplasma). The gravitational, magnetic field effect and chemical processes in the plasma formation are considered negligible. It is inferred that the effectiveness of the counterflow plasma jet strongly depends upon the jet stagnation temperature.
Long-Term Prognostic Value of Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Patients With History of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Pezel Théo , Hovasse Thomas , Kinnel Marine , Sanguineti Francesca , Champagne Stéphane , Toupin Solenn , Unterseeh Thierry , Garot Philippe , Garot Jérôme 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Recurrence of cardiovascular events remains a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity among patients with previous coronary revascularization. The aim was to assess the prognostic value of stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters in patients with history of percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:
Between 2011 and 2014, consecutive patients with history of percutaneous coronary intervention referred for stress perfusion CMR were followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined by cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft were excluded. Univariable and multivariable Cox regressions were performed to determine the prognostic value of each parameter.

Results:

Of 1762 patients who completed the CMR protocol, 1624 patients (81.7% male, mean age 67.9±10.4 years) completed the follow-up (median [interquartile range], 6.7 [5.6–7.3] years); 244 experienced a MACE (15.0%). Stress CMR was well tolerated. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, inducible ischemia and late gadolinium enhancement were significantly associated with the occurrence of MACE (hazard ratio, 2.70 [95% CI, 2.11–3.46],
P
<0.001; and hazard ratio: 1.52 [95% CI, 1.16–1.99],
P
=0.002; respectively). In multivariable Cox regression, inducible ischemia and late gadolinium enhancement were independent predictors of a higher incidence of MACE (hazard ratio, 2.79 [95% CI, 2.16–3.60];
P
<0.001 and hazard ratio, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.04–1.90],
P
=0.032; respectively).

Conclusions:
Inducible ischemia and late gadolinium enhancement assessed by stress CMR were independently associated with MACE in patients with history of percutaneous coronary intervention.
Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2020
Authors: Churchill Robin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This is the latest in a series of annual surveys in this Journal reviewing dispute settlement in the law of the sea, both under Part XV of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and outside the framework of the Convention. It covers developments during 2020. The most significant developments were awards by the arbitral tribunals in the Enrica Lexie and Coastal State Rights cases.
Upper Elementary School Children’s Adaptive Use of Subtraction by Addition: A Choice/No-Choice Replication Study Involving Two Choice Conditions
Authors: Van Der Auwera Stijn , Mathys Lien , De Smedt Bert , Torbeyns Joke , Verschaffel Lieven 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current study examined upper elementary school children’s frequent, efficient and adaptive use of direct subtraction (DS) and subtraction by addition (SBA) when mentally solving multi-digit subtractions, replicating and expanding previous research by Torbeyns et al. (2018). First, children were offered subtractions in two choice conditions in which they had to indicate whether they would use DS or SBA to solve each item. In the choice-compute condition they were allowed to make actual calculations, in the choice-decide condition they were not allowed to do so. Thereafter, two no-choice conditions were offered (mandatory use of either DS or SBA). Results showed that children made frequent, efficient and adaptive use of the untrained SBA strategy. Furthermore, children were most adaptive for task and subject characteristics in the choice-compute condition. The current study confirms previous findings on SBA, and questions current classroom practices that focus heavily on the development of DS.
Microtia Reconstruction and Erector Spinae Block in Children: A Case Series With Chart Review
Authors: Gomez Gabriel , Osterbauer Beth , Nguyen Robert , Wee Choo Phei , Kochhar Amit , Tai Tymon , Lo Carl (Yuan‐Feng) , Le Sang , Kim Eugene , Chen Shiu‐Yi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesAutologous reconstruction of microtia is advantageous due to its inherent biocompatibility and long‐term stability, but postoperative pain associated with costal harvest is a significant issue. A well‐planned pain management approach is imperative. Our objective is to introduce the novel application of erector spinae block anesthesia in pediatric microtia reconstruction and evaluate its impact on pain scores, use of opioids, and hospital length of stay.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingPatients undergoing stage 1 microtia reconstruction at a tertiary pediatric hospital.MethodsData collected included demographics, opioid amounts, Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale scores, opioid‐related side effects, and hospital length of stay. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the effect of erector spinae block use on total opioid use and pain scores and a linear regression model to assess the effect on hospital stay.ResultsForty‐seven patients were included: 14 in the erector spinae block group and 33 in the continuous wound pump group. The mean age was 8.3 years (SD, 2; range, 6‐13), and 13 (32%) were female. Patients in the erector spinae block group had a 65.44% decrease in adjusted total opioid use (95% CI, –79.72% to –41.10%; P <. 0001), a decrease in length of hospital stay (β = −1.69 [95% CI, −2.11 to −1.26], P <. 0001), and no difference in reported pain scores when compared with patients in the continuous wound pump group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that early experience with an erector spinae block resulted in decreased opioid use and shorter hospital stay as compared with continuous wound infiltration with local anesthetic.
Socioeconomic Status and Rurality Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Lawrence Lauren A. , Heuermann Mitchell L. , Javadi Pardis , Sharma Arun 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveDescribe the relationship among rurality, socioeconomic status (SES), and patient/tumor characteristics in patients presenting with head and neck cancer.Study DesignRetrospective single‐institution study.SettingAcademic tertiary‐level medical center.MethodsPatients with head and neck cancer presenting between 2011 and 2015 were included. Stage at presentation, insurance status, and demographic characteristics were collected. Rurality was measured through Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes. SES was measured by SES index scores of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, which incorporate multiple components of SES. Associations among rurality, SES, and patient/tumor characteristics were assessed with univariate and multivariable statistics. All P values were calculated via 2‐sided hypotheses. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P <. 05. Statistical analyses were conducted with Stata/SE 14 (StataCorp).ResultsThe study included 266 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer between 2011 and 2015. Rural residence was associated with lower SES (P <. 001). T and N stages were associated with rurality (P =. 036 and. 050, respectively). Higher educational status was associated with oropharyngeal cancer (P =. 005).ConclusionsRurality and SES have distinct impacts on patients with head and neck cancer. Specifically, rurality is associated with tumor stage among patients with head and neck cancer. Knowledge of disparities among patients with rural residency may help target interventions to facilitate earlier diagnosis.
Supporting Employee Health at Work: How Perceptions Differ Across Wage Category
Authors: Jenkins Kristi Rahrig , Stiehl Emily , Sherman Bruce W. , Bales Susan L. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study examines the association between sources of stress and perceptions of organizational and supervisor support for health and well-being. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Large university in the mid-western United States. Sample: This study focused on university employees with complete data for all variables (organizational support/N = 19,536; supervisor support/N = 20,287). Measures: 2019 socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, count of chronic conditions, sources of stress and perceptions of organizational and supervisor support. Analysis: For the multivariate analyzes, linear regression models were analyzed separately by wage bands (low ≤$46,100; middle >$46,100-$62,800; high >$62,800). Results: For all employees, workplace stressors, including problematic relationships at work and heavy job responsibilities, were negatively associated with perceptions of supervisor and organizational support. In comparison, the most salient home-based stressors were negatively associated with perceptions of supervisor support for the lowest-wage band (the death of a loved one, b = −0.13) and middle-wage band (personal illness or injury, b = −0.09), while the one for the highest-wage band (illness or injury of a loved one, b = 0.07) was positively associated with perceptions of supervisor support. Conclusion: Stressful job responsibilities and work relationships are associated with lower perceptions of supervisor and organizational support for health and well-being across all wage bands. Favorable perceived support for personal stressors only among high wage earning employees may suggest a need for improved equity of perceived support for these stressors among lower wage workers.
Contextualizing Cannabis Implicit Associations: Consideration of Peers and Personality
Authors: Ramer Nolan E. , Colder Craig R. 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Implicit cannabis associations (ICAs) inconsistently predict cannabis use (CU), and little is known about their formation. Personality, behavioral approach and inhibition, were tested as predictors of ICAs, which in turn, was expected to predict CU (mediation). Peer context was tested as a moderator. Method: Data were taken from three annual assessments of a larger longitudinal study. The community sample (314 emerging adults, mean age = 19.13, 54% female, 76% White/non-Hispanic at the first assessment) completed an ICA task and questionnaire assessments of CU, personality, and peer norms. Results: ICAs were positively associated with CU at high but not low levels of perceived peer approval/use. Behavioral inhibition was negatively associated ICAs, which in turn, predicted infrequent CU at high levels of peer approval/use (moderated mediation). Behavioral approach was marginally associated with ICAs. Conclusions: Peer context and personality are important for understanding the formation of ICAs and their association with CU.
LncRNA H19 induces immune dysregulation of BMMSCs, at least partly, by inhibiting IL-2 production
Authors: Chen Xinpeng , Luo Xiuxia , Wei Yazhi , Sun Hualin , Dai Liping , Tangzhou Yidou , Jin Huijie , Yin Zhihua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a representative systemic autoimmune disease. LncRNA H19 has been identified to participate in various biological processes in human diseases. However, the role of H19 in SLE remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, we first examined H19 expression in SLE patients by RT-qPCR and found that H19 expression was significantly upregulated in the serum and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) of SLE patients and positively associated with SLE disease activity index. We then performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function using mimic-H19 (H19-OE) and inhibitor-H19 (H19-KD) to examine the effects of H19 on BMMSC differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis using flow cytometry, DAPI staining, and migration and apoptosis assays.

Results
The results showed that H19 inhibited proliferation and migration but promoted apoptosis of BMMSCs, interfered with BMMSCs-mediated Treg cell proliferation and differentiation, and regulated BMMSCs-mediated Tfh/Treg cell balance. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the in silico prediction of interaction between H19 and IL-2. Furthermore, RT-qPCR showed that H19 directly inhibited IL-2 transcription in BMMSCs. ELISA showed that both active and total IL-2 protein levels were significantly lower in SLE BMMSCs. More importantly, we found that IL-2 significantly enhanced H19-OE-induced Treg cell differentiation and migration of BMMSCs, and these effects were reversed by anti-IL-2 antibody.

Conclusion
Overall, our study indicates that LncRNA H19 induces immune dysregulation of BMMSCs, at least partly, by inhibiting IL-2 production and might be a novel therapeutic target for SLE.
IOAT: an interactive tool for statistical analysis of omics data and clinical data
Authors: Wu Lanlan , Liu Fei , Cai Hongmin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, a huge amount of multi-omics data has been accumulated. Although there are many software tools for statistical analysis and visual development of omics data, these tools are not suitable for private data and non-technical users. Besides, most of these tools have specialized in only one or perhaps a few data typesare, without combining clinical information. What’s more, users could not choose data processing and model selection flexibly when using these tools.ResultsTo help non-technical users to understand and analyze private multi-omics data and ensure data security, we developed an interactive desk tool for statistical analysis and visualization of omics and clinical data (shortly IOAT). Our mainly targets csv format data, and combines clinical data with high-dimensional multi-omics data. It also contains various operations, such as data preprocessing, feature selection, risk assessment, clustering, and survival analysis. By using this tool, users can safely and conveniently try a combination of various methods on their private multi-omics data to find a model suitable for their data, conduct risk assessment and determine their cancer subtypes. At the same time, the tool can also provide them with references to genes that are closely related to tumor staging, facilitating the development of precision oncology. We review IOAT’s main features and demonstrate its analysis capabilities on a lung from TCGA.ConclusionsIOAT is a local desktop tool, which provides a set of multi-omics data integration solutions. It can quickly perform a complete analysis of cancer genome data for subtype discovery and biomarker identification without security issues and writing any code. Thus, our tool can enable cancer biologists and biomedicine researchers to analyze their data more easily and safely. IOAT can be downloaded for free fromhttps://github.com/WlSunshine/IOAT-software.
Comparisons among rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, populations of maternal transcript profile associated with egg viability
Authors: Weber Gregory M. , Birkett Jill , Martin Kyle , Dixon Doug , Gao Guangtu , Leeds Timothy D. , Vallejo Roger L. , Ma Hao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Transcription is arrested in the late stage oocyte and therefore the maternal transcriptome stored in the oocyte provides nearly all the mRNA required for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage of the embryo. The transcriptome of the unfertilized egg, therefore, has potential to provide markers for predictors of egg quality and diagnosing problems with embryo production encountered by fish hatcheries. Although levels of specific transcripts have been shown to associate with measures of egg quality, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have not been consistent among studies. The present study compares differences in select transcripts among unfertilized rainbow trout eggs of different quality based on eyeing rate, among 2 year classes of the same line (A1, A2) and a population from a different hatchery (B). The study compared 65 transcripts previously reported to be differentially expressed with egg quality in rainbow trout.

Results
There were 32 transcripts identified as DEGs among the three groups by regression analysis. Group A1 had the most DEGs, 26; A2 had 15, 14 of which were shared with A1; and B had 12, 7 of which overlapped with A1 or A2. Six transcripts were found in all three groups, dcaf11, impa2, mrpl39_like, senp7, tfip11 and uchl1.

Conclusions
Our results confirmed maternal transcripts found to be differentially expressed between low- and high-quality eggs in one population of rainbow trout can often be found to overlap with DEGs in other populations. The transcripts differentially expressed with egg quality remain consistent among year classes of the same line. Greater similarity in dysregulated transcripts within year classes of the same line than among lines suggests patterns of transcriptome dysregulation may provide insight into causes of decreased viability within a hatchery population. Although many DEGs were identified, for each of the genes there is considerable variability in transcript abundance among eggs of similar quality and low correlations between transcript abundance and eyeing rate, making it highly improbable to predict the quality of a single batch of eggs based on transcript abundance of just a few genes.
Identification and characterization of immune-related lncRNAs and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks of Paralichthys olivaceus involved in Vibrio anguillarum infection
Authors: Ning Xianhui , Sun Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) structurally resemble mRNAs and exert crucial effects on host immune defense against pathogen infection. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically important marine fish susceptible to Vibrio anguillarum infection. To date, study on lncRNAs in flounder is scarce.

Results
Here, we reported the first systematic identification and characterization of flounder lncRNAs induced by V. anguillarum infection at different time points. A total of 2,368 lncRNAs were identified, 414 of which were differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) that responded significantly to V. anguillarum infection. For these DElncRNAs, 3,990 target genes (named DETGs) and 42 target miRNAs (named DETmiRs) were identified based on integrated analyses of lncRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA expressions, respectively. The DETGs were enriched in a cohort of functional pathways associated with immunity. In addition to modulating mRNAs, 36 DElncRNAs were also found to act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that regulate 37 DETGs through 16 DETmiRs. The DETmiRs, DElncRNAs, and DETGs formed ceRNA regulatory networks consisting of 114 interacting DElncRNAs-DETmiRs-DETGs trinities spanning 10 immune pathways.

Conclusions
This study provides a comprehensive picture of lncRNAs involved in V. anguillarum infection. The identified lncRNAs and ceRNA networks add new insights into the anti-bacterial immunity of flounder.