bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of moisture content on the electromagnetic shielding ability of non-conductive textile structures
Authors: Palanisamy Sundaramoorthy , Tunakova Veronika , Militky Jiri , Wiener Jakub 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectromagnetically shielding textile materials, especially in professional or ordinary clothing, are used to protect an implanted pacemaker in the body. Alternatively, traditional textiles are known for their non-conductivity and transparency to an electromagnetic field. The main goal of this work was to determine whether the high moisture content (sweat) of the traditional textile structure significantly affects the resulting ability of the material to shield the electromagnetic field. Specifically, whether sufficient wetting of the traditional textile material can increase its electrical conductivity to match the electrically conductive textiles determined for shielding of the electromagnetic field. In this study, cotton and polyester knitted fabric samples were used, and two liquid medias were applied to the samples to simulate human sweating. The experiment was designed to analyse the factors that have a significant effect on the shielding effectiveness that was measured according to ASTM D4935. The following factors have a significant effect on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of moisturised fabric: squeezing pressure, drying time and type of liquid media. Additionally, the increase of electromagnetic shielding was up to 1 dB at 1.5 GHz frequency at the highest level of artificial sweat moisturised sample.
Optimization of the scan length of head traumas on the pediatric and adult CT scan and proposition of a new acquisition limit
Authors: Eddy Fotso Kamdem , Ngano Samba Odette , Jervé Fotue Alain , Serge Abogo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo propose a new method of reducing the scan length of head trauma while keeping the diagnostic efficiency of the examination in order to develop DRL in an African context. This is a retrospective single-center study including 145 patients who had cranial examinations on a 64-barettes scanner. All head trauma cases were selected. The interpretations of these CT scanners by the three radiologists of the service were noted to determine the acquisition limit. All patient acquisition lengths have been recorded. The acquisition limit for head trauma ended in clinical routine at cervical spine 4 (C4). The average scan length was 23.03 cm. Out of the CT scan results for 145 patients, only 2 (1.37%) had a C3 level cervical spine fracture and 2 (1.37%) at C4. By respecting the principles of radiation protection, this result has shown us that it is possible to limit the acquisition length of the CT scanners indicated for head trauma. The limit of the optimized scan length that we proposed is at cervical spine 2 (98.62%). Now, all head trauma are limited on cervical vertebra 2 in our hospital. The use of this new method is beneficial when the clinical indication of the examination and the type of trauma (multi-trauma) are taken into account. Based on the principles of radiation protection and the clinical indication for the examination, reducing the scan length from C4 to C2 is an effective way to reduce the dose absorbed by the patient.
The mid-domain effect of mountainous plants is determined by community life form and family flora on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Xu Manhou , Du Rong , Li Xiaoli , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Baogui , Yu Xiuli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mid-domain effect (MDE) explains altitudinal patterns of species diversity of mountainous plants at different elevations. However, its application is limited by the species life form and family flora in different layers of plant communities. To verify the MDE hypothesis at the plant community level, we chose a mountain with representative characteristics of the study area in the east of the Loess Plateau, China, such as obvious elevation (from 1324 to 2745 m) and latitude (from 36° 23′ to 39° 03′) gradients and considerable vegetation types (mainly coniferous and broad-leaved forests). We measured the life forms, families, and species diversity indices of tree, shrub, and herb communities along different elevations. We determined that the family numbers of the herb and shrub communities presented unimodal patterns across an altitudinal gradient, and the highest values occurred at intermediate elevations. The importance values of dominant families in the shrub and tree communities presented unimodal patterns, but the lowest values occurred at intermediate elevations. The species diversity indices of the herb, shrub, and tree communities conformed to unimodal change patterns following an altitudinal gradient, but the greatest diversity occurred at high, low, and intermediate elevations, respectively. At higher elevations, forbs and grasses grew well, whereas sedges grew well at lower elevations. Responses of different tree life forms to the altitudinal gradient were greater for evergreen coniferous tree species than for deciduous coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved tree species. We concluded that the MDE hypothesis of species diversity for mountainous plants is influenced greatly by the community life form and family at the plant community level in a temperate semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, China. This conclusion tested and modified the MDE hypothesis and may be valuable for fueling prediction of biodiversity models and for the comparison with similar studies in arid and semi-arid mountainous regions.
Demyelination and remyelination detected in an alternative cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis with 7.0 T multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ding Shuang , Guo Yu , Chen Xiaoya , Du Silin , Han Yongliang , Yan Zichun , Zhu Qiyuan , Li Yongmei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying demyelination and remyelination with 7.0 T multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an alternative cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixty mice were divided into six groups (n = 10, each), and these groups were imaged with 7.0 T multiparameter MRI and treated with an alternative CPZ administration schedule. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to compare the splenium of the corpus callosum (sCC) among the groups. Prussian blue and Luxol fast blue staining were performed to assess pathology. The correlations of the mean grayscale value (mGSV) of the pathology results and the MRI metrics were analyzed to evaluate the multiparameter MRI results. One-way ANOVA and post hoc comparison showed that the normalized T2WI (T2-nor), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) values were significantly different among the six groups, while the mean phase (Φ) value of SWI was not significantly different among the groups. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the T2-nor and mGSV was higher than that among the other values. The correlations among the FA, RD, MD, and mGSV remained instructive. In conclusion, ultrahigh-field multiparameter MRI can reflect the pathological changes associated with and the underlying mechanisms of demyelination and remyelination in MS after the successful establishment of an acute CPZ-induced model.
Secular trends in health-related physical fitness among 11–14-year-old Croatian children and adolescents from 1999 to 2014
Authors: Kasović Mario , Štefan Lovro , Petrić Vilko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of the study was to analyze secular trends of health-related physical fitness in 7–14-year-old Croatian children and adolescents from 1999 and 2014. In this observational cross-sectional study, we recruited 5077 children and adolescents between ages 11 and 14 (50.8% girls) from five primary schools located in the capital city of Zagreb. Physical fitness performance was tested from 1999 until 2014. Physical fitness performance included: (1) body-mass index (measure of body size), (2) standing broad jump (measure of lower-body power), (3) polygon backwards (measure of general coordination and agility), (4) sit-ups in 60 s (measure of upper-body strength), (5) sit-and-reach test (measure of flexibility) and (6) 6-min run test (measure of cardiorespiratory fitness). Boys performed better in all physical fitness tests, except for sit-and-reach test (p < 0.001). In boys, between 1999 and 2014, body size, upper-body strength and coordination/agility increased, while flexibility, lower-body power and cardiorespiratory fitness decreased. During the same period, girls experienced an increase in body size, lower-body power, upper-body strength, coordination/agility and flexibility, while cardiorespiratory fitness decreased. This study shows that cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility and coordination/agility decrease, while upper-body strength increases in both sexes. These findings should serve as an avenue for national monitoring system to screen and track biological development in children and adolescents.
Targeting the epichaperome as an effective precision medicine approach in a novel PML-SYK fusion acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sugita Mayumi , Wilkes David C. , Bareja Rohan , Eng Kenneth W. , Nataraj Sarah , Jimenez-Flores Reyna A. , Yan LunBiao , De Leon Jeanne Pauline , Croyle Jaclyn A. , Kaner Justin , Merugu Swathi , Sharma Sahil , MacDonald Theresa Y. , Noorzad Zohal , Panchal Palak , Pancirer Danielle , Cheng Shuhua , Xiang Jenny Z. , Olson Luke , Van Besien Koen , Rickman David S. , Mathew Susan , Tam Wayne , Rubin Mark A. , Beltran Himisha , Sboner Andrea , Hassane Duane C. , Chiosis Gabriela , Elemento Olivier , Roboz Gail J. , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Guzman Monica L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe epichaperome is a new cancer target composed of hyperconnected networks of chaperome members that facilitate cell survival. Cancers with an altered chaperone configuration may be susceptible to epichaperome inhibitors. We developed a flow cytometry-based assay for evaluation and monitoring of epichaperome abundance at the single cell level, with the goal of prospectively identifying patients likely to respond to epichaperome inhibitors, to measure target engagement, and dependency during treatment. As proof of principle, we describe a patient with an unclassified myeloproliferative neoplasm harboring a novel PML-SYK fusion, who progressed to acute myeloid leukemia despite chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplant. The leukemia was identified as having high epichaperome abundance. We obtained compassionate access to an investigational epichaperome inhibitor, PU-H71. After 16 doses, the patient achieved durable complete remission. These encouraging results suggest that further investigation of epichaperome inhibitors in patients with abundant baseline epichaperome levels is warranted.
Noise diagnostics of graphene interconnects for atomic-scale electronics
Authors: Pósa László , Balogh Zoltán , Krisztián Dávid , Balázs Péter , Sánta Botond , Furrer Roman , Csontos Miklós , Halbritter András 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGraphene nanogaps are considered as essential building blocks of two-dimensional electronic circuits, as they offer the possibility to interconnect a broad range of atomic-scale objects. Here we provide an insight into the microscopic processes taking place during the formation of graphene nanogaps through the detailed analysis of their low-frequency noise properties. Following the evolution of the noise level, we identify the fundamentally different regimes throughout the nanogap formation. By modeling the resistance and bias dependence of the noise, we resolve the major noise-generating processes: atomic-scale junction-width fluctuations in the nanojunction regime and sub-atomic gap-size fluctuations in the nanogap regime. As a milestone toward graphene-based atomic electronics, our results facilitate the automation of an optimized electrical breakdown protocol for high-yield graphene nanogap fabrication.
The origin of island populations of the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles coluzzii
Authors: Campos Melina , Hanemaaijer Mark , Gripkey Hans , Collier Travis C. , Lee Yoosook , Cornel Anthony J. , Pinto João , Ayala Diego , Rompão Herodes , Lanzaro Gregory C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnopheles coluzzii is a major malaria vector throughout its distribution in west-central Africa. Here we present a whole-genome study of 142 specimens from nine countries in continental Africa and three islands in the Gulf of Guinea. This sample set covers a large part of this species’ geographic range. Our population genomic analyses included a description of the structure of mainland populations, island populations, and connectivity between them. Three genetic clusters are identified among mainland populations and genetic distances (FST) fits an isolation-by-distance model. Genomic analyses are applied to estimate the demographic history and ancestry for each island. Taken together with the unique biogeography and history of human occupation for each island, they present a coherent explanation underlying levels of genetic isolation between mainland and island populations. We discuss the relationship of our findings to the suitability of São Tomé and Príncipe islands as candidate sites for potential field trials of genetic-based malaria control strategies.
Realization of quasicrystalline quadrupole topological insulators in electrical circuits
Authors: Lv Bo , Chen Rui , Li Rujiang , Guan Chunying , Zhou Bin , Dong Guohua , Zhao Chao , Li YiCheng , Wang Ying , Tao Huibin , Shi Jinhui , Xu Dong-Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuadrupole topological insulators are a new class of topological insulators with quantized quadrupole moments, which support protected gapless corner states. The experimental demonstrations of quadrupole-topological insulators were reported in a series of artificial materials, such as photonic crystals, acoustic crystals, and electrical circuits. In all these cases, the underlying structures have discrete translational symmetry and thus are periodic. Here we experimentally realize two-dimensional aperiodic-quasicrystalline quadrupole-topological insulators by constructing them in electrical circuits, and observe the spectrally and spatially localized corner modes. In measurement, the modes appear as topological boundary resonances in the corner impedance spectra. Additionally, we demonstrate the robustness of corner modes on the circuit. Our circuit design may be extended to study topological phases in higher-dimensional aperiodic structures.
Erianin induces triple-negative breast cancer cells apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Xu Yonggang , Fang Rong , Shao Jie , Cai Zihao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a refractory subtype of breast cancer, 25–30% of which have dysregulation in the PI3K/AKT pathway. The present study investigated the anticancer effect of erianin on TNBC cell line and its underlying mechanism.
Methods: After treatment with erianin, MTT assay was employed to determine the MDA-MB-231 and EFM-192A cell proliferation, the nucleus morphological changes were observed by DAPI staining. The cell cycle and apoptotic proportion were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine the cell cycle and apoptosis-related protein expression and PI3K pathways. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of erianin was further confirmed by adding or not adding PI3K agonists SC79.
Results: Erianin inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and EFM-192A cells in a dose-dependent manner, the IC50 were 70.96 and 78.58 nM, respectively. Erianin could cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and the expressions of p21 and p27 were up-regulated, while the expressions of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 were down-regulated. Erianin also induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, with the up-regulation of the expression of Cyto C, PARP, Bax, active form of Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. Furthermore, p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were down-regulated by erianin. After co-incubation with SC79, the cell inhibition rate of erianin was decreased, which further confirmed that the attenuated PI3K/Akt pathway was relevant to the pro-apoptotic effect of erianin.
Conclusions: Erianin can inhibit the proliferation of TNBC cells and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may ascribe to the abolish the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
A biomimetic natural sciences approach to understanding the mechanisms of ageing in burden of lifestyle diseases
Authors: Dai Lu , Schurgers Leon , Shiels Paul G. , Stenvinkel Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The worldwide landscape of an ageing population and age-related disease brings with it huge socio-economic and public healthcare concerns across nations. Correspondingly, monumental human and financial resources have been invested in biomedical research, with a mission to decode the mechanisms of ageing and how these contribute to age-related disease. Multiple hallmarks of ageing have been identified that are common across taxa, highlighting their fundamental importance. These include dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism and telomeres biology, epigenetic modifications, cell–matrix interactions, proteostasis, dysregulated nutrient sensing, stem cell exhaustion, inflammageing and immuno-senescence. While our understanding of the molecular basis of ageing is improving, it remains a complex and multifactorial process that remains to be fully understood. A key aspect of the shortfall in our understanding of the ageing process lies in translating data from standard animal models to humans. Consequently, we suggest that a ‘biomimetic’ and comparative approach, integrating knowledge from species in the wild, as opposed to inbred genetically homogenous laboratory animals, can provide powerful insights into human ageing processes. Here we discuss some particularities and comparative patterns among several species from the animal kingdom, endowed with longevity or short lifespans and unique metabolic profiles that could be potentially exploited to the understanding of ageing and age-related diseases. Based upon lessons from nature, we also highlight several avenues for renewed focus in the pathophysiology of ageing and age-related disease (i.e. diet-microbiome-health axis, oxidative protein damage, adaptive homoeostasis and planetary health). We propose that a biomimetic alliance with collaborative research from different disciplines can improve our understanding of ageing and age-related diseases with long-term sustainable utility.
Low‐cost fabrication of indium tin oxide (ITO) FETs for sodium detection in electrolytes and human urine
Authors: Gianti Mahmudah Salwa , Oh Hong Gi , Cho Hae Shin , Jo Da Ae , Indriatmoko Muhammad Naufal , Lim Joon Mook , Jang Byoung Kuk , Song Kwang Soup 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, robust and low‐cost sodium sensors based on the ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (ISFET) are fabricated using indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film. The effect of the presence of oxygen during the sputtering of the ITO thin film is characterized on the sensitivity of sodium ion (Na+) detection. A sodium ionophore III membrane is applied on the ITO substrate to fabricate ISFET (ITO‐ISFET). The results reveal that the increase in the oxygen gas flow rate (0–1 sccm) with a fixed argon flow rate at 20 sccm during sputtering increased the sensitivity of ITO‐ISFET to Na+ from 15.8 to 100.9 mV/decade. In addition, the proper condition with a nearly Nernstian slope is at 0.4 sccm oxygen flow rate. Furthermore, the experimental results reveal that the sensors exhibit a high sensitivity of 58.5 ± 2.1 mV/decade in a wide range (10−10 to 10−1 M). The limit of detection (LOD) of ITO‐ISFET is 1.8 nM, which is lower than the minimum allowable Na+ level in the human body and urine. Furthermore, the proposed ITO‐ISFET has the capability to detect Na+ in real human patient urine without any dilution process.
Decentralized robust dispatch for multi‐area AC/DC system considering wind power uncertainty
Authors: Du Gang , Zhao Dongmei , Liu Xin , Wu Zhiqiang , Li Chao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a decentralized robust dispatch method for multi‐area AC/DC system considering wind power uncertainty. The accommodated wind power interval model is adopted to handle the inherent uncertainty and volatility of wind generation, which is modelled based on the affinely adjustable robust optimization method. The accommodated wind power interval and the automatic generation control participation factors are optimized simultaneously to accommodate more wind energy and ensure operational reliability of the entire multi‐area system. The flexible adjustment model of HVDC converter station is also presented to accommodate more wind power. Then, the resulting economic dispatch model for multi‐area system is solved in a fully decentralized and parallel manner using accelerated alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm to preserve the information privacy and dispatch independence of each region. Case studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
BFGS method based variable projection approach for image restoration
Authors: Chen Qiong‐Ying , Huang Yun‐Zhi , Gan Min , Chen C. L. Philip , Chen Guang‐Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a variable projection approach based on the BFGS (Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno) method for image reconstruction problems is proposed, which is an alternative to the common alternating minimisation scheme. The image restoration is expressed as a nonlinear least‐squares problem with reduced parameter space. To improve the efficiency of the algorithm, the BFGS method is proposed to be used to optimise the reduced objective function. The large‐scale problem considered in this paper is projected on to a small Krylov subspace using Lanczos bidiagonalisation. The regularisation parameter is selected by a weighted generalised cross validation criterion. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Directional sensitivity of track initialisation of a multistatic Doppler‐only passive radar network
Authors: Tolonen Miika , Kauranne Tuomo , Hartikka Juha , Ritola Mauno , Korhonen Matti 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA multistatic passive radar network originally presented in Ptak et al. for long‐distance aircraft tracking is sensitive to track initialisation errors. When these errors exceed 50 km, target tracking often diverges. Initialisation can be improved by even coarse directional information. The impact of binary directional information was studied, which allows flights to be assigned to start from east or west of the multistatic network. Substantial improvement to the performance of flight tracking is observed on reference data based on Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast information.
Intraoperative Beatmung bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Wrigge Hermann , Streibert Fridolin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Beatmungstherapie kann offenbar nicht nur bei Patienten mit akutem Lungenversagen einen Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf haben. Lungenprotektive Beatmungskonzepte werden daher auch für die Narkosebeatmung propagiert. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert verschiedene Aspekte der Beatmungstherapie in Narkose und berücksichtigt dabei auch die zunehmende Verbreitung von Adipositas bei erwachsenen Patienten.