bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of investment analysis methods: an application in renewable energy auctions between 2011 e 2015
Authors: Caldas Antônio Vinícius Silva , Silva Júnior Antônio Francisco De Almeida da 
Published: October 2021

Purpose - This work aims to analyze the assertiveness of net present value (NPV) and real options theory (ROT), at the moment of decision making for investments in renewable energy projects, considering the 244 winning projects in the auctions of reserve energy that occurred between 2011 and 2015.Design/methodology/approach –This is a quantitative study that used real data from 150 wind power and 94 photovoltaic projects available on ANEEL´s website. For data analysis, the confusion matrix, the area under the ROC Curve and the Kappa Index were used.Findings – It was concluded that NPV is more effective for recommendations to invest in projects with chances to be successful, while ROT is more accurate in suggesting against investing in projects with propensity for failure. It was also found that the degree of agreement between the two techniques is substantial and determined by the level of volatility of real options.Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this study refer to the difficulties of identifying the reasons that motivated failures in the projects.Originality/value – Theoretically, this work contributes to identify the characteristics that effectively differentiate ROT from NPV at the time of decision making. Empirically, this work contributes to doing an ex-post analysis of the projects.
Pooling size sorted Malaise trap fractions to maximize taxon recovery with metabarcoding
Authors: Elbrecht Vasco , Bourlat Sarah J. , Hörren Thomas , Lindner Angie , Mordente Adriana , Noll Niklas W. , Schäffler Livia , Sorg Martin , Zizka Vera M.A. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Small and rare specimens can remain undetected when metabarcoding is applied on bulk samples with a high specimen size heterogeneity. This is especially critical for Malaise trap samples, where most of the biodiversity is contributed by small taxa with low biomass. The separation of samples in different size fractions for downstream analysis is one possibility to increase detection of small and rare taxa. However, experiments systematically testing different size sorting approaches and subsequent proportional pooling of fractions are lacking, but would provide important information for the optimization of metabarcoding protocols. We set out to find a size sorting strategy for Malaise trap samples that maximizes taxonomic recovery but remains scalable and time efficient.

Methods
Three Malaise trap samples were sorted into four size classes using dry sieving. Each fraction was homogenized and lysed. The corresponding lysates were pooled to simulate unsorted samples. Pooling was additionally conducted in equal proportions and in four different proportions enriching the small size fraction of samples. DNA from the individual size classes as well as the pooled fractions was extracted and metabarcoded using the FwhF2 and Fol-degen-rev primer set. Additionally, alternative wet sieving strategies were explored.

Results
The small size fractions harboured the highest diversity and were best represented when pooling in favour of small specimens. Metabarcoding of unsorted samples decreases taxon recovery compared to size sorted samples. A size separation into only two fractions (below 4 mm and above) can double taxon recovery compared to not size sorting. However, increasing the sequencing depth 3- to 4-fold can also increase taxon recovery to levels comparable with size sorting, but remains biased towards biomass rich taxa in the sample.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that size fractionation of Malaise trap bulk samples can increase taxon recovery. While results show distinct patterns, the lack of statistical support due to the limited number of samples processed is a limitation. Due to increased speed and lower risk of cross-contamination as well as specimen damage we recommend wet sieving and proportional pooling of the lysates in favour of the small size fraction (80–90% volume). However, for large-scale projects with time constraints, increasing sequencing depth is an alternative solution.
Effect of Varying Levels of Boron and Sulphur on Yields and Nutrient Uptake of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Grown in a Mollisol
Authors: Bungla Prerna , Pachauri S. P. , Srivastava P. C. , Pathak Anand , Shukla Anil Kumar 
Published: October 2021

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of effect of varying levels of boron and sulphur on yield and nutrient uptake of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) grown in a Mollisol. The experiment was conducted under factorial completely randomized design with three replications and consisted of six levels of each of boron (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg kg−1soil and two foliar sprays of 0.2% boron) and sulphur (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 mg kg−1soil). The different doses of sulphur and boron and their interaction had significant effect on seed and stover yields, B and S concentrations and uptake by linseed crop indicating a differential requirement of boron and sulphur by the crop. The highest seed yield was recorded under the combined application of 2 mg B kg−1 soil and 60 mg S kg−1 soil.
Preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts healing time for postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Toya Keisuke , Tomimaru Yoshito , Kobayashi Shogo , Sasaki Kazuki , Iwagami Yoshifumi , Yamada Daisaku , Noda Takehiro , Takahashi Hidenori , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposePostoperative pancreatic fistula is a serious complication of distal pancreatectomy. Although many studies have described the incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), few have focused on the healing time. This study investigated the healing time and potential factors associated with the healing time of POPF after distal pancreatectomy (DP).MethodsAmong 114 patients that underwent DP in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2020, we included 88 that developed POPF. The healing time for a postoperative pancreatic fistula was defined as the interval between the completion of DP and the removal of all drains related to the treatment for POPF. Based on the definition, three cases who required additional treatment after removal of all drains were excluded from this study. Clinical factors associated with the fistula healing times were investigated in the 85 patients.ResultsThe average POPF healing time was 11 ± 10 days (median: 6 days, range: 3‐57). We found that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, a marker of inflammatory and nutritional status, was the only factor independently associated with the POPF healing time; the mean healing time was significantly shorter in patients with neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ≤2.1 (8 ± 6 days) than in those with neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio >2.1 (13 ± 12 days; P = .0139).ConclusionWe demonstrated that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio could independently predict the POPF healing time after DP. These findings suggested that improving the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio might shorten the healing times for POPF after DP.
Detection and Imaging of the Plant Pathogen Response by Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Polyphenol Sensors
Authors: Nißler Robert , Müller Andrea T. , Dohrman Frederike , Kurth Larissa , Li Han , Cosio Eric G. , Flavel Benjamin S. , Giraldo Juan Pablo , Mithöfer Axel , Kruss Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlants use secondary metabolites such as polyphenols for chemical defense against pathogens and herbivores. Despite their importance in plant pathogen interactions and tolerance to diseases, it remains challenging to detect polyphenols in complex plant tissues. Here, we create molecular sensors for plant polyphenol imaging that are based on near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We identified polyethylene glycol–phospholipids that render (6,5)‐SWCNTs sensitive (Kd=90 nM) to plant polyphenols (tannins, flavonoids, …), which red‐shift (up to 20 nm) and quench their emission (ca. 1000 nm). These sensors report changes in total polyphenol level after herbivore or pathogen challenge in crop plant systems (Soybean Glycine max) and leaf tissue extracts (Tococa spp.). We furthermore demonstrate remote chemical imaging of pathogen‐induced polyphenol release from roots of soybean seedlings over the time course of 24 h. This approach allows in situ visualization and understanding of the chemical plant defense in real time and paves the way for plant phenotyping for optimized polyphenol secretion.
Selective Production of Secondary Amine by the Photocatalytic Cascade Reaction Between Nitrobenzene and Benzyl Alcohol over Nanostructured Bi2MoO6 and Pd Nanoparticles Decorated with Bi2MoO6
Authors: Ghalta Rajat , Kar Ashish Kumar , Srivastava Rajendra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of secondary amine by the photoalkylation of nitrobenzene with benzyl alcohol using a simple light source and sunlight is a challenging task. Herein, a one‐pot cascade protocol is employed to synthesize secondary amine by the reaction between nitrobenzene and benzyl alcohol. The one‐pot cascade protocol involves four reactions: (a) photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, (b) photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, (c) reaction between aniline and benzaldehyde to form imine, and (d) photocatalytic reduction of imine to a secondary amine. The cascade protocol to synthesize secondary amine is accomplished using Bi2MoO6 and Pd nanoparticles decorated Bi2MoO6 catalysts. The surface characteristics, oxidation states, and elemental compositions of the materials are characterized by several physicochemical characterization techniques. Optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical measurements are carried out to determine the bandgap, band edge potentials, photocurrents, charge carrier's separation, etc. An excellent yield of secondary amine is achieved with simple household white LED bulbs. The catalyst also exhibits similar or even better activity in sunlight. The structure‐activity relationship is established using catalytic activity data, control reactions, physicochemical, optoelectronic characteristics, and scavenging studies. Bi2MoO6 and Pd nanoparticles decorated Bi2MoO6 exhibit excellent photostability and recyclability. The simple catalyst design with a sustainable and economical light source for the synthesis of useful secondary amine from the nitrobenzene and benzyl alcohol would attract the researchers to develop similar catalytic protocols for other industrially important chemicals.
Competing Reaction Pathways in Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Allyl Cyanide: The Chemical Nature of Surface Species
Authors: Schröder Carsten , Haugg Philipp A. , Baumann Ann‐Katrin , Schmidt Marvin C. , Smyczek Jan , Schauermann Swetlana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a mechanistic study on the formation of an active ligand layer over Pd(111), turning the catalytic surface highly active and selective in partial hydrogenation of an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde acrolein. Specifically, we investigate the chemical composition of a ligand layer consisting of allyl cyanide deposited on Pd(111) and its dynamic changes under the hydrogenation conditions. On pristine surface, allyl cyanide largely retains its chemical structure and forms a layer of molecular species with the CN bond oriented nearly parallel to the underlying metal. In the presence of hydrogen, the chemical composition of allyl cyanide strongly changes. At 100 K, allyl cyanide transforms to unsaturated imine species, containing the C=C and C=N double bonds. At increasing temperatures, these species undergo two competing reaction pathways. First, the C=C bond become hydrogenated and the stable N‐butylimine species are produced. In the competing pathway, the unsaturated imine reacts with hydrogen to fully hydrogenate the imine group and produce butylamine. The latter species are unstable under the hydrogenation reaction conditions and desorb from the surface, while the N‐butylimine adsorbates formed in the first reaction pathway remain adsorbed and act as an active ligand layer in selective hydrogenation of acrolein.
Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Chemically Active Particles
Authors: Jiang Huijun , Hou Zhonghuai 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryChemically active motion is ubiquitous in many nature and artificial systems where each unit can move directionally by converting chemical energy into kinetic energy. Since the systems are driven by activity far from equilibrium, many dynamical behaviors forbidden in equilibrium systems may be induced. Nonequilibrium dynamics of such systems is then a hot multidisciplinary topic with great challenges. Here, we review our recent theoretical advances in some fundamental problems at the single active particle level, the collective behavior level, as well as in systems where active particles act as baths.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?We have focused on developments and applications of non‐equilibrium statistical methods. We are active in developing multi‐scale theories as well as modeling methods to solve puzzles in physical, chemical as well as biological complex systems. Study of dynamic behaviors of active systems as demonstrated in this review are some of the most exciting works in my group.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?When I was an undergraduate student, I encountered the fascinating field of nonlinear dynamics, being deeply attracted by the interesting and beautiful concepts like fractal, soliton and chaos. Later during my graduate study under the supervision of Prof. Houwen Xin, I began my research work in nonlinear chemistry, which brought me into the interdisciplinary field of complex system. Non‐equilibrium statistical mechanics can provide powerful tools and new insights into these complex systems, finding brilliant solutions for the puzzles, making the problems simple, but not simpler.Who influences you mostly in your life?My supervisor Prof. Xin is no doubt the most influential person in my life. His knowledge and insights in both research and life have been a great inspiration to me even till today.What is the most important personality for scientific research?I would say the most important one is certainly curiosity, the never‐ending thirst of truth. Other personalities such as dedication and hardworking are also indispensable, as they may take you through a period of research journey, but it is your curiosity that drives you to devote into research for a life time.What are your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?One of my major hobby is of course acquiring new knowledge such as watching online lectures, such as MIT open courses at OpenCourseWare, again driven by my inexhaustible curiosity. Apart from that I like playing Go in my spare time.How do you keep balance between research and family?Well I don't think there is a ‘balance’ but rather/instead a positive feedback loop. Research and family are both things I enjoy most, so I guess I'm just dedicated to one identity at a time which lightens me in the other.
Low‐copy transgene detection using nested digital polymerase chain reaction for gene‐doping control
Authors: Tozaki Teruaki , Ohnuma Aoi , Hamilton Natasha A. , Kikuchi Mio , Ishige Taichiro , Kakoi Hironaga , Hirota Kei‐ichi , Kusano Kanichi , Nagata Shun‐ichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGene doping is prohibited for fair competition in human and horse sports. One style of gene doping is the administration of an exogeneous gene, called a transgene, to postnatal humans and horses. Although many transgene detection methods based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including real‐time PCR and digital PCR, have been recently developed, it remains difficult to reliably detect low‐copy transgenes. In this study, we developed and validated a nested digital PCR method to specifically detect low‐copy transgenes. The nested digital PCR consists of (1) preamplification using conventional PCR and (2) droplet digital PCR detection using a hydrolysis probe. Using 5, 10, 20, 60 and 120 transgene copies as template, 496.0, 1089.7, 1820.7, 4313.3 and 7840.0 copies per microlitre, respectively, were detected using our nested digital PCR. Although high concentrations of phenol, proteinase K, ethanol, EDTA, heparin and genomic DNA all inhibited preamplification, their effects on the digital PCR detection were limited. Once preamplification was successful, even substitution of bases within the primers and probes had minimal effects on transgene detection. The nested digital PCR developed in this study successfully detected low‐copy transgenes and can be used to perform a qualitative test, indicating its usefulness in the prevention of false positives and false negatives in gene‐doping detection.
E‐Cadherin restricts mast cell degranulation in mice
Authors: Klewer Theres , Bakic Ljubica , Müller‐Reichert Thomas , Kiewisz Robert , Jessberger Gregor , Kiessling Nadine , Roers Axel , Jessberger Rolf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCrosslinking of FcεRI‐bound IgE triggers the release of a large number of biologically active, potentially anaphylactic compounds by mast cells. FcεRI activation ought to be well‐controlled to restrict adverse activation. As mast cells are embedded in tissues, adhesion molecules may contribute to limiting premature activation. Here, we report that E‐Cadherin serves that purpose. Having confirmed that cultured mast cells express E‐Cadherin, a mast‐cell‐specific E‐Cadherin deficiency, Mcpt5‐Cre E‐Cdhfl/fl mice, was used to analyze mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Cultured peritoneal mast cells from Mcpt5‐Cre E‐Cdhfl/fl mice were normal with respect to many parameters but showed much‐enhanced degranulation in three independent assays. Soluble E‐Cadherin reduced the degranulation of control cells. The release of some newly synthesized inflammatory cytokines was decreased by E‐Cadherin deficiency. Compared to controls, Mcpt5‐Cre E‐Cdhfl/fl mice reacted much stronger to IgE‐dependent stimuli, developing anaphylactic shock. We suggest E‐Cadherin‐mediated tissue interactions restrict mast cell degranulation to prevent their precocious activation.
Study on the wear of spiral drum cutting coal containing rock
Authors: Liu Hongmei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSignificant load fluctuations are encountered when cutting the coal rock using the shearer spiral drum, causing excessive drum wear. Thus, a coupling discrete element model of coal‐rock was developed, and the discrete element method and multi‐body dynamics were used to build a two‐way coupling simulation model of coal rock drum cutting. The drum wear was analyzed, along with the pick and spiral blade wear positions. The results have shown that the pick wear is primarily concentrated at the pick tip and the shaft shoulder, while the outer spiral blade edge blade is generally worn near the pick root. The maximum wear depth obtained in the simulation was 0.00316 mm. The tangential cumulative energy of the drum and the normal cumulative energy were 1.794e5 and 7.819e4 J, respectively. The friction wear of the drum was more prominent compared to the impact wear. By using a single factor method, the relationship between the drum rotational speed, traction speed, rock firmness coefficient, cutting depth, and spiral blade angle, and drum wear was obtained. Finally, it was concluded that the study at hand provides a quick and straightforward way to study drum wear law.
ResectVol: A tool to automatically segment and characterize lacunas in brain images
Authors: Casseb Raphael F. , de Campos Brunno M. , Morita‐Sherman Marcia , Morsi Amr , Kondylis Efstathios , Bingaman William E. , Jones Stephen E. , Jehi Lara , Cendes Fernando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and validate the performance of a new tool developed for segmenting and characterizing lacunas in postoperative MR images of epilepsy patients.MethodsA MATLAB‐based pipeline was implemented using SPM12 to produce the 3D mask of the surgical lacuna and estimate its volume. To validate its performance, we compared the manual and automatic lacuna segmentations obtained from 51 MRI scans of epilepsy patients who underwent temporal lobe resections.ResultsThe code is consolidated as a tool named ResectVol, which can be run via a graphical user interface or command line. The automatic and manual segmentation comparison resulted in a median Dice similarity coefficient of 0.77 (interquartile range: 0.71‐0.81).SignificanceEpilepsy surgery is the treatment of choice for pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies, and despite the extensive literature on the subject, we still cannot predict surgical outcomes accurately. As the volume and location of the resected tissue are fundamentally relevant to this prediction, researchers commonly perform a manual segmentation of the lacuna, which presents human bias and does not provide detailed information about the structures removed. In this study, we introduce ResectVol, a user‐friendly, fully automatic tool to accomplish these tasks. This capability enables more advanced analytical techniques applied to surgical outcomes prediction, such as machine‐learning algorithms, by facilitating coregistration of the resected area and preoperative findings with other imaging modalities such as PET, SPECT, and functional MRI ResectVol is freely available at https://www.lniunicamp.com/resectvol.
E. coli and the etiology of human PBC: Antimitochondrial antibodies and spreading determinants
Authors: Yang Yao , Choi Jinjung , Chen Ying , Invernizzi Pietro , Yang Guoxiang , Zhang Weici , Shao Ti‐hong , Jordan Frank , Nemeria Natalia S. , Coppel Ross L. , Ridgway William M. , Kurth Mark , Ansari Aftab A. , Leung Patrick S.C. , Gershwin M. Eric 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The increased frequency of urinary tract infections in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and the cross‐reactivity between the lipoyl domains (LD) of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (hPDC‐E2) and Escherichia coli PDC‐E2 (ePDC‐E2) have long suggested a role of E. coli in causality of PBC. This issue, however, has remained speculative. We hypothesized that by generating specific constructs of human and E. coli PDC‐E2, we would be able to assess the specificity of autoantibody responses and define whether exposure to E. coli in susceptible hosts is the basis for the antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) response.

Approach and Results
Importantly, the reactivity of hPDC‐E2 LD (hPDC‐E2LD) affinity‐purified antibodies against hPDC‐E2LD could only be removed by prior absorption with hPDC‐E2LD and not ePDC‐E2, suggesting the presence of unique human PDC‐E2 epitopes distinct from E. coli PDC‐E2. To identify the autoepitope(s) present in hPDC‐E2LD, a more detailed study using a variety of PDC‐E2 constructs was tested, including the effect of lipoic acid (LA) on ePDC‐E2 conformation and AMA recognition. Individual recombinant ePDCE2 LD domains LD1, LD2 and LD3 did not react with either AMA or antibodies to LA (anti‐LA), but in contrast, anti‐LA was readily reactive against purified recombinant LD1, LD2, and LD3 expressed in tandem (LP); such reactivity increased when LP was precultured with LA. Moreover, when the three LD (LD1, LD2, LD3) domains were expressed in tandem in pET28a or when LD1 was expressed in another plasmid pGEX, they were lipoylated and reactive to PBC sera.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our data are consistent with an exposure to E. coli that elicits specific antibody to ePDC‐E2 resulting in determinant spreading and the classic autoantibody to hPDC‐E2LD. We argue this is the first step to development of human PBC.