bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Role of The Upregulation of The Zinc Finger Protein of The Cerebellum 2 In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Peng Yun-Xi , Li Jian , Ding Hua , Fang Ye-Ying , Qin Wen , Liao Jin-Lian , Jiang Li , Mo Miao , Lin Cai-Xing , Wu Ji-Yun , Huang Su-Ning , Wei Zhu Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of cancer mainly caused by EB virus infection in southern China and Southeast Asia. Zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 2 has been reported to be dysregulated in numerous cancers. However, its role in NPC has not yet been completely investigated. Methods: ZIC2 mRNA expression and clinical role of NPC was explored by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to assessed the protein expression level of ZIC2 in NPC. Moreover, functional enrichment analyses were performed by the overlapping genes of differentially expressed genes in NPC and ZIC2 related co-expressed genes. Cistrome Data Browser (Cistrome DB) and scatter diagrams displayed the possibility of ATAD2 as a target gene of ZIC2. Last, characteristic phenotype was identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).Results: The mRNA expression levels of ZIC2 were significantly increased in NPC within genechips and tissue microarrays (SMD = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.85–2.44). Increased ZIC2 correlated with poor prognosis in NPC patients. The IHC results also showed that ZIC2 protein expression in NPC tissues was remarkably higher than in control tissues. Enrichment analysis showed that genes positively related to ZIC2 are mainly enriched in cell division and in the cell cycle. WGCNA analysis discovered that NPC dataset GSE12452 may be positive correlated with N stage and nagetive correlated with grade. Conclusion: ZIC2 upregulation may promote NPC tumorigenesis through cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. ATAD2 may produce a marked effect as the downstream target of ZIC2.
Diagnostic Utility of Antigen Detection Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Covid- 19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ghasemi Somayeh , Harmooshi Narges Nazari , Rahim Fakher 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Early detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection to improve disease management, becomes the greatest challenge. Despite high sensitivity of RT-PCR, not only it was reported that 20-67% of infected patients have false negative results. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used as a point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 detection in both pharyngeal and blood specimens. To be less time-consuming, not seem so costly, and requiring no special training make it more favorable, but the low sensitivity is the main limitation. Several reports indicated rapid test of blood and pharyngeal samples has the same sensitivity as the RT-PCR, but some reports have lower sensitivity especial in asymptomatic patients. Methods: In the present survey, we investigate the eligible studies for sensitivity and specificity of rapid tests and explore the factors that influence the result to help better diagnose COVID-19 infection. 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, which impose 33 different tests. Results: Our findings showed, type of sample, type of assay, time of sampling, and load of virus influence on sensitivity of RDTs. Conclusion: This research extends our knowledge of how to improve the sensitivity of RDTs to better diagnose of infected patients to address the controlling COVID-19 pandemic.
Implementation of a Novel Malaria Management Strategy Based on Self-testing and Self-treatment in Remote Areas in the Amazon (Malakit): Confronting a-priori Assumptions With Reality
Authors: GALINDO Muriel Suzanne , Lambert Yann , Mutricy Louise , Garancher Laure , Miller Jane Bordalo , Gomes José Hermenegildo , Sanna Alice , Peterka Cassio , Cairo Hedley , Hiwat Helene , Adenis Antoine , Nacher Mathieu , Suárez-Mutis Martha Cecilia , Vreden Stephen , Douine Maylis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: An innovative strategy to combat malaria was tested with a methodology adapted to a complex setting in the Amazon region and a hard-to-reach, mobile population. The intervention strategy tested was the distribution, after training, of self-diagnosis and self-treatment kits to gold miners who cross the Surinamese and Brazilian borders with French Guiana to work illegally in the remote mining sites in the forest of this French overseas territory. The main evaluation criterion was the reported behavioral change in case of malaria symptoms, measured by pre- and post-intervention surveys. Method: This article informs on the quality of delivery, content adherence and facilitation strategies, exposure to the intervention, participants responsiveness and unintended consequences. The information sources are the post-intervention survey, a short data collection carried out in a very isolated gold mining site, continuous data collection during the intervention, observations made during supervision visits, and in-depth feedback from the project players. Results and Discussion: As expected, being part of or close to the study community was an essential condition for facilitators to overcome the usual wariness of this population. Regarding the content of the delivered messages, the main issue with facilitators was the excess of information rather than the omission of information but was corrected over time. The content of the intervention was overall in line with what was planned. With an estimation of one third of the population reached, the exposure was satisfactory considering the challenging context, but improvable by increasing ad hoc offsite distribution according to the needs. Participants’ responsiveness was the main strength of the intervention but could be enhanced by reducing the duration of the process to get a kit, which can be disincentive in some places. The expected decrease in malaria became a source of reduced interest in the kit. Expanding the remit of facilitators may be a suitable response. Better integration of the articulation with the existing malaria management services is recommended for sustainability.Conclusion: These findings provide valuable implementation outcomes to complement the evaluation outcomes for assessing the relevance of the strategy and information useful to sustain and transfer it in analogous contexts.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Registration number: NCT03695770Date of registration: 10/02/2018 “Retrospectively registered”
Research on the Digital Twin for Thermal Characteristics of Motorized Spindle
Authors: Xiao Jianying , Kai-Guo Fan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the increase of spindle speed, heat generation becomes the crucial problem of high-speed motorized spindle. In order to obtain the actual thermal behavior of a motorized spindle, a digital twin system for thermal characteristics is developed in this paper. The mechanism of digital twin for thermal characteristics is to simulate the thermal behavior of a machine tool through mapping and correcting the thermal boundary conditions using the data acquisition system and correction models. The proposed digital twin system includes three modules which are the digital twin software, the data acquisition system, and the physical model with embedding sensors. The digital twin software is developed based on the Qt with the C++ programming language and the secondary development of ANSYS. Correction models for thermal boundaries are proposed to correct the heat generation and thermal contact resistance using the temperatures measured by the data acquisition system at thermal key points. To verify the prediction accuracy of the digital twin system, an experiment is carried out on a motorized spindle. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the digital twin system is greater than 95%. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of thermal characteristics simulation and thermal optimization.
Biohydrogen Production From Agro-industrial Wastes Using Clostridium Beijerinckii and Isolated Bacteria as Inoculum
Authors: Martinez-Burgos Walter José , Junior Jair Rosário do Nascimento , Medeiros Adriane Bianchi Pedroni , Herrmann Leonardo Wedderhoff , Sydney Eduardo Bittencourt , Soccol Carlos Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The search for renewable and sustainable sources of energy has been one of the main goals of society in recent years, especially to reduce the environmental impacts of fossil fuels. One promising alternative is the production of hydrogen, which does not emit greenhouse gases and can be produced from agro-industrial wastes. The Clostridium genus is recorded as having high hydrogen yields compared to other genus, with several producing species. The objective of this work was to evaluate biohydrogen production potential of four agro-industrial residues, which were soft drink wastewater, corn steep liquor, cheese whey, and expired Guaraná soft drink, using one model strain Clostridium beijerinckii ATCC 8260 and newly isolated Clostridium butyricum DEBB-B348. The agro-industrial wastes were characterised in terms of monosaccharide, organic acid, amino acid, cation, and anion concentrations and compared to the literature. After performing subsequent experimental designs, the significant factors were cheese whey concentration, corn steep liquor concentration, and fermentation time for C. beijerinckii, and corn steep liquor concentration and fermentation time for C. butyricum (p ≤ 0.05), with an R2 of 0.950 and 0.895, respectively. The maximum hydrogen volume production was 18.5 ± 1.68 mL and 27.4 ± 1.84 mL for each strain, respectively. The C. butyricum 16s rRNA gene phylogenetic tree and the carbohydrate, organic acid, and amino acid kinetics of the optimum medium are also presented. These results indicate a potential hydrogen production process utilising less expensive substrates, proposing more proper disposal for agro-industrial wastes and using an isolated strain with high yield.
Urgent Care Study of the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test for Rapid Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Gresh Jared , Kisner Harold , DuChateau Brian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTesting individuals suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential to reduce the spread of disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the false negativity rate of the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test when utilized for testing individuals suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 12 days of symptom onset. MethodsConcurrent swab samples were collected from patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection by their healthcare provider within two different urgent care centers. One swab was tested using the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test. Negative results in patients considered at moderate to high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were confirmed at a regional reference laboratory by PCR using the additional swab sample. ResultsFrom October 19, 2020 – January 3, 2021, a total of 2241 tests were performed using the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test, with 549 (24.5%) testing positive and 1692 (75.5%) testing negative. A subset (800) of the samples rendering a negative LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test were also tested using a PCR-based test for SARS-CoV-2. Of this subset, 770 (96.3%) tested negative, and 30 (3.8%) tested positive. A cycle threshold (CT) was available for 17 of the 30 specimens that yielded discordant results, with an average CT value of 31.2, an SD of 3.0, and a range of 25.2–36.3. CT was >30.0 in 11/17 specimens (64.7%). ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that negative results obtained with the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test had 96.3% agreement with PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests, with a low false negative rate of 3.8% when used in a community-based setting.
Potential Use of Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein-A and IMA as Biomarkers for the Early Stage of COVID-19
Authors: Sánchez Belén G , Gasalla Jose M , Sanchez-Chapado Manuel , Bort Alicia , Diaz-Laviada Ines 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study has been undertaken with the urgent need for exploring reliable biomarkers for early infection of SARS-CoV-2. We performed a retrospective study analyzing the serum levels of the cardiovascular biomarkers N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) and pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), in 84 patients with COVID-19. MethodsPatients were divided in three groups according to their RT-qPCR and IgG values in acute infection (n=35), early infection (n=25) or control subjects (n=24). Levels of biomarkers were analyzed in patient’s serum samples by commercially available ELISA kits.ResultsMultivariate analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve showed that IMA and PAPP-A, had an excellent discrimination value for the early stage of COVID-19. Serum levels of IMA in early SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were significantly higher than in the control group with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.881- 0.999). Likewise, the serum level of PAPP-A was significantly higher in patients with early infection than in controls [AUC = 0.801 (95% CI: 0.673–0.929)]. The combined use of IMA and PAPP-A enhanced the sensitivity for total SARS-CoV-2 infected patients to 93%. ConclusionsThese results suggest that the levels of PAPP-A and IMA might be used as efficient biomarkers for the early stage of COVID-19 with high sensitivity and specificity. Importantly, when monitoring pregnancy and cardiovascular diseases by PAPP-A or IMA levels, an infection by SARS-CoV-2 should be discarded for proper interpretation of the results.
Morphological and vascular characteristics of the optic nerve head in normal guinea pigs
Authors: Guo Lei , Tao Jun , Tong Yang , Chen Shichao , Zhao Xin , Hua Rui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The morphological and vascular characteristics of the optic nerve head (ONH) in normal guinea pigs remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these parameters using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We measured the refractive error, axial length, and intraocular pressure (IOP), and performed OCT and OCTA of the ONH in 3- and 4-week-old tricolour guinea pigs. A total of 208 right eyes from 208 normal guinea pigs were examined. The refractive error in the 3-week group was significantly larger than that in the 4-week group (p < 0.001), the IOP in the 3-week group was significantly lower than that in the 4-week group (p = 0.014), and the circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness in the 3-week group was significantly larger than that in 4-week group (p = 0.048). There were no significant differences in the average vessel area, vascular density, total number of junctions, total vessel length, total number of endpoints, and vascular diameter between the two groups. However, an age-adjusted linear regression analysis revealed that total vessel length was positively associated with the cpRNFL thickness (p = 0.024) and negatively associated with IOP (p = 0.016). This is the first report on morphological and vascular characteristics of the ONH in normal guinea pigs based on in vivo OCT and OCTA imaging and quantification of ONH parameters. These results may contribute to further research on myopia and glaucoma using guinea pig models.
Assessment of Physical, Microstructural, Thermal, Techno-Functional, And Rheological Characteristics of Apple (Malus Domestica) Seeds of Northern Himalayas
Authors: Manzoor Mehnaza , Singh Jagmohan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study examined the physical, morphological, thermal, techno-functional, and rheological properties of two apple seed cultivars viz: red delicious (RD) and golden delicious (GD). Physical properties showed that red delicious seeds were significantly (p≤0.05) different in width, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, volume, and surface area than golden delicious seeds. The proximate composition of RD seed flour showed a higher amount of crude protein and fat content than GD seed flour. RD seed flour was significantly different in L*, a*, b* values, bulk density, water/oil absorption capacity and the emulsifying ability than GD seed flour. From particle size analysis it was possible to found that GD was significantly (p≤0.05) lower than RD flour macromolecules. Scanning electron micrographs showed oval/spherical starch granules of small size embedded in a continuous protein matrix. Thermograph revealed exothermic transition enthalpy for both RD and GD seed flour, which indicates a high energy requirement for crystallite melting. The rheological assays revealed high elastic modulus (G′), of seed flours that will help in modifying the texture of foods. This study suggests the potential of apple seeds in the formulation of protein-enriched foods to combat malnutrition while contributing to the reduction in industrial wastage.
Parametric Investigation of Functionally Gradient Wave Springs Designed For Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Haq Muhammad Rizwan ul , Nazir Aamer , Jeng Jeng-Ywan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Functionality and design of mechanical springs are simple and limited due to manufacturing constraints of conventional fabrication methods being used for making helical and wave springs. In recent era, design for additive manufacturing has proven its great worth to design and manufacture optimal, complex as well as intricate structures with better mechanical and lightweigting properties. This study aims to investigate the mechanical behaviour of functionally gradient wave springs as a function of variation in thickness and morphology of each wave. Functionally gradient wave springs incorporated with different morphology and cross-sections including circular, rectangular and combination of both were designed and printed by keeping mass and height constant to investigate their mechanical properties. Loading-unloading experimentation were conducted within the elastic range ( 90 % of compressible distance) in order to study energy absorption/loss, load-bearing capacity and stiffness of all designs. The experimental results were validated by finite element anaylsis by providing the identical boundary conditions of experimental setup. The results revealed that the stiffness of wave spring having rectangular cross-section is increased significantly while energy absorption is almost 90 % increased due to circular cross-section of waves. Overall, the design with combination of round and rectangular cross-sectional waves has better stiffness and energy absorption properties. For further investigation of mechanical properties due to variation in cross-section of waves, more designs including semi-circular and filleted waves, were designed and finite element of those showed that 786 N of load-bearing capacity is achieved in the wave spring having semicircular cross-section of waves which is double than the wave spring having variable circular cross-section of waves.
Taguchi Optimization of Fracture Toughness of Silicon Carbide Extracted From Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Thakur Amit Kumar , Kaviti Ajay Kumar , Siddiqi Mohd Tariq , Aseer J. Ronald , Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In India, agricultural wastes such as palm ash and rice husk, which are abundant which have a high potential for usage as usable renewable energy and silica. Silicon carbide (SiC) is utilized for various applications due to its high hardness, compressive strength, and good wear resistance. In this work, a cleaner and green methodology was adopted to produce SiC from various agricultural wastes like peanut shells, rice husks, sugar cane extracts, and corn cob. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out by varying parameters such as heating temperature (600 to 800 0C), heating time (160 to 180 min), and quantity of waste (450 to 550 g) to convert agricultural wastes into powder SiC. X-ray diffraction, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscope confirms the formation of SiC phase in SiC. The sintering process parameters such as heating rate (5 to 150C/min), cooling rate (5 to 150C/min), and pressure (60 to 80 MPa) were selected for finding fracture toughness of sintered SiC. The process parameters for the pyrolysis and sintering process were optimized by the Taguchi optimization technique. Confirmations tests were conducted with optimum process parameters and the results indicated that confirmations results are correlated with predicted results.
Ectopic gas in the fibular graft after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
Authors: Nozawa Satoshi , Kato Hiroki , Kawaguchi Masaya , Nozawa Asae , Iwai Chizuo , Fushimi Kazunari , Miyamoto Kei , Hosoe Hideo , Shimizu Katsuji , Matsuo Masayuki , Akiyama Haruhiko , Yamada Kazunari 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ectopic gas in the graft is occasionally encountered upon follow-up computed tomography (CT) after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). However, most cases lack inflammatory responses and manifestations of infection. We reviewed 112 patients who underwent ACCF and follow-up CT, with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. CT images were retrospectively reviewed to confirm the presence of ectopic gas in the graft and bone fusion. Bone fusion was defined as follows: mobility less than 2 mm between spinous processes on the flection-extension radiograph or a bone bridge on CT images. Of the 112 patients, 30 (27%) patients had ectopic gas in the fibular grafts. Among them, ectopic gas was initially observed 3 months after surgery (early onset) in 23 (77%) patients and 6 months after surgery (late onset) in the remaining seven (23%) patients. Upon the latest follow-up CT, ectopic gas more frequently remained in late-onset (4/7, 57%) rather than in early-onset (3/23, 13%) cases (p = 0.033). Bone fusion was not observed when CT images exhibited ectopic gas in the graft, whereas ectopic gas was not observed when CT images exhibited bone fusion. Late-onset gas tended to significantly remain. The remaining gas was strongly associated with pseudoarthrosis.