bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High intensity exercise during breast cancer chemotherapy - effects on long-term myocardial damage and physical capacity - data from the OptiTrain RCT
Authors: Ansund Josefin , Mijwel Sara , Bolam Kate A. , Altena Renske , Wengström Yvonne , Rullman Eric , Rundqvist Helene 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Adjuvant systemic breast cancer treatment improves disease specific outcomes, but also presents with cardiac toxicity. In this post-hoc exploratory analysis of the OptiTrain trial, the effects of exercise on cardiotoxicity were monitored by assessing fitness and biomarkers over the intervention and into survivorship.
Methods; Women starting chemotherapy were randomized to 16-weeks of resistance and high-intensity interval training (RT-HIIT), moderate-intensity aerobic and high-intensity interval training (AT–HIIT), or usual care (UC). Outcome measures included plasma troponin-T (cTnT), Nt-pro-BNP and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 1- and 2-years.

Results
For this per-protocol analysis, 88 women met criteria for inclusion. Plasma cTnT increased in all groups post-intervention. At the 1-year follow-up, Nt-pro-BNP was lower in the exercise groups compared to UC. At 2-years there was a drop in VO2peak for patients with high cTnT and Nt-pro-BNP. Fewer patients in the RT-HIIT group fulfilled biomarker risk criteria compared to UC (OR 0.200; 95% CI = 0.055–0.734).

Conclusions
In this cohort, high-intensity exercise was associated with lower levels of NT-proBNP 1-year post-baseline, but not with cTnT directly after treatment completion. This may, together with the preserved VO2peak in patients with low levels of biomarkers, indicate a long-term cardioprotective effect of exercise.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.govNCT02522260, Registered 13th of august 2015 – Retrospectively Registered

Graphical abstract
Transcapillary escape rate of 125I-albumin in relation to timing of blood sampling: the need for standardization
Authors: Chahid Youssef , Rorije Nienke M. G. , el Boujoufi Soufian , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Vogt Liffert , Verberne Hein J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreased vascular permeability is an early sign of vascular damage and can be measured with the transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb). Although TERalbhas a multi-exponential kinetic model, most published TERalbdata are based on mono-exponential kinetic models with variation in blood sampling schemes. Aim of this posthoc study was to evaluate the influence of variation in blood sampling schemes and the impact of mono- or bi-exponential analyses on the calculation of TERalb. Study participants were part of a cross-over intervention study protocol, investigating effects of sodium loading on blood pressure, endothelial surface layer and microcirculation. Multiple blood samples were drawn between 3 and 60 min after injection of radioactive iodide labeled human serum albumin (rHSA).ResultsIn total 27 male participants with 54 measurements were included. For all participants the maximum serum radioactivity was reached within 20 min, while 85% of the participants had their maximum serum activity within 10 min. The TERalbcalculated with the subsequently chosen T20–60 minreference scheme (6.19 ± 0.49%/h) was significantly lower compared to the TERalbof the T3–60 min, T5–60 min, and Tmax – 60 minschemes. There was no significant difference between the T20–60 minreference scheme and the T10–60 minand T15–60 minschemes. Bi-exponential kinetic modeling did not result in significant different observations compared to the mono-exponential kinetic analysis.ConclusionsAs there is variation in the timing of the maximum serum radioactivity of rHSA, blood sampling schemes starting before 10 min after administration of rHSA will result in a significant overestimation of TERalb. In addition, variation in kinetic modeling did not result in significant changes in TERalb. Therefore, we emphasize the need to standardize TERalband for practical and logistical reasons advocate the use of a mono-exponential model with blood sampling starting 20 min after rHSA administration.
Right to left shunting detection by contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex among patients with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Mohamed Samia Ashour , Saleh Mohamed Ayman , ELKhawas Hala Mahmoud , ElHadidi Eman Saleh , ElSadek Ahmed , Soliman Noha Lotfy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Contrast-enhanced transcranial duplex (c-TCD) might be more sensitive than transesophageal echo (TEE) for detection of right to left shunting (RLS), which misses some cases with substantial RLS and might be valuable for prediction of recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with PFO. Our aim is to detect sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced TCD in detection of RLS among stroke patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) in comparison to TEE.

Methods
TEE and contrast-enhanced TCD for cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO were done to detect right to left shunting.

Results
On testing characteristics of TCD in detecting RLS compared to the gold standard of TEE, TCD sensitivity was 85.7%, specificity was 100%, negative predictive value was 96.55%, and positive predictive value was 100%.

Conclusion
We concluded that PFO is considered an important hidden etiology for ischemic stroke. Contrast-enhanced TCD is considered sensitive method for detection of right to left shunting among PFO patients.
Thoracic rhizotomy versus thoracic paravertebral nerve radiofrequency in thoracic cancer pain
Authors: Elramely Mohamed Adly , Abdelwahab Wael Abdelmoneim Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the most frequent occurring malignancy and mostly presenting with pain. Interventional procedures reduce medications and their side effects. Rhizotomy is another modality for control of chest wall pain due to tumor invasion or somatic and neural structures. We compared the degree of pain relief in thoracic rhizotomy versus thoracic paravertebral nerve radiofrequency.ResultsSix hours postoperatively, radiofrequency (RF) ablation of dorsal root ganglia resulted in reduction of required dose of narcotics in 12 patients (80%) compared to 6 patients (40%) treated with RF ablation of TPN (Pvalue = 0.025). After 4 weeks reduction in required narcotic dose was recorded in 80.0% of DRG patients compared to 33.3% of TPN patients (Pvalue = 0.010). Patients’ activity improved in 11 patients (73.3%) in DRG group compared to 5 patients (33.3%) in TPN group (Pvalue = 0.028). No significant difference in frequency of sensory loss (Pvalue = 1.000), burning sensation (Pvalue = 0.128) and allodynia (Pvalue = 0.139).ConclusionRF ablation of DRG is superior to RF ablation of TPN in relieving thoracic pain with more improvement of patients’ activity and similar adverse outcomes.
The antimicrobial and antioxidant property, GC–MS analysis of non-edible oil-seed cakes of neem, madhuca, and simarouba
Authors: VasudhaUdupa A. , Gowda Balakrishna , Kumarswammy B. E. , Shivanna M. B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The antimicrobial activity against clinically and agriculturally important microorganisms, antioxidant property and chemical profiling of acetone crude extracts of non-edible oil-seed cakes of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), madhuca (Madhuca longifolia syn. Madhuca indica Gmelin) and simarouba (Simarouba glauca DC) obtained by hot and cold extraction methods were tested in-vitro.

Results
The hot neem and cold acetone extracts of madhuca and simarouba were inhibitory to Staphylococcus aureus. The enteric pathogens-Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella enterica were inhibited by both hot and cold extracts of simarouba cake. Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum capsici were sensitive to oil-seed cake extracts of madhuca and simarouba cake extracts followed by neem cake extract. The Aspergillus flavus was highly sensitive to neem followed by madhuca and simarouba extracts. The cyclic voltammetry of all extracts indicated the presence of oxidation peaks at different Epa values suggesting the presence of antioxidant ability. The GC–MS profile revealed the presence of pharmacologically important essential compounds.

Conclusion
The study revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in non-edible oil-seed cakes that could be exploited for human welfare.
Medium-term chest computed tomography (CT) follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia patients after recovery to assess the rate of resolution and determine the potential predictors of persistent lung changes
Authors: Parry Arshed Hussain , Wani Abdul Haseeb , Shah Naveed Nazir , Jehangir Majid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The data on medium-term follow-up of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia survivors is scarce. Medium-term follow-up will generate knowledge and help in devising a structured follow-up plan and to facilitate enrolment in clinical trials assessing the role of antifibrotic drugs in modifying the course of disease in order to avert long-term pulmonary sequelae of disease. The study was aimed to evaluate the lung findings on a medium-term follow-up (3 months or more) chest computed tomography (CT) in COVID-19 pneumonia survivors, assess the rate of resolution or persistence of lung abnormalities and to identify the initial demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics that could potentially predict the persistence of lung abnormalities on follow-up.

Results
Out of the total study cohort of 81 patients, 46 (56.8%) demonstrated complete resolution of lung findings and the remaining 35 (43.2%) had residual lung opacities on follow-up CT. The most common type of residual abnormality was ground glass opacity (GGO) (16/35; 45.7%), followed by parenchymal bands (9/35; 25.7%), mixed pattern of GGO and parenchymal bands (6/35; 17.2%), bronchiectasis (6/35; 17.2%), and interlobular septal thickening (4/35; 11.4%). Patients with residual abnormalities were older, had higher BMI, more comorbidities, lower SpO2, longer hospital stay, higher rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, higher WBC count, a higher CT severity score, and lower rate of steroid administration with all p values < 0.05.

Conclusion
Nearly half of post-COVID-19 survivors had residual lung abnormalities after ≥ 3 months of follow-up. Certain clinico-radiological characteristics have the potential to identify the individuals at risk of having residual lung abnormalities on medium-term follow-up.
Surgical emphysema as an early sign for pharyngocutaneous fistula following total laryngectomy: a case report
Authors: Nassar Ahmed Amin , Ibrahim Hazem Othman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Pharyngocutaneous fistula is the most common and troublesome complication after total laryngectomy. Many factors may be used in laryngectomy patients for the early diagnosis of pharyngocutaneous fistulae such as skin flap edema, neck erythema, salivary leak, postoperative barium swallow, and wound amylase level. Its diagnosis is mainly standing on a clinical basis.

Case presentation
This report described two cases of laryngeal carcinoma, which presented with a history of persistent hoarseness of voice and mild stridor and were diagnosed with a battery of clinical investigations and managed successfully with total laryngectomy and lateral neck dissection. Both patients suffered from postoperative surgical emphysema before developing pharyngocutaneous fistula.

Conclusion
Surgical emphysema can precede the occurrence of pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in newly diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder, their unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls
Authors: Petersen Nanna Aagaard , Nielsen Marc Østergaard , Coello Klara , Stanislaus Sharleny , Melbye Sigurd , Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Sletved Kimie Stefanie Ormstrup , McIntyre Roger S. , Frikke-Smith Ruth , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: February 2021

Background
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which facilitates neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis, may be decreased in bipolar disorder, but has not been systematically investigated in people with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and unaffected first-degree relatives.

Aims
To compare BDNF levels in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, their unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls.

Method
The study investigated plasma BDNF levels in patients (n = 371) with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, their unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 98) and healthy controls (n = 200) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We further investigated associations between BDNF levels and illness-related variables and medication status.

Results
BDNF levels were found to be 22.0% (95% CI 1.107–1.343) higher in patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001) and 15.6% higher in unaffected first-degree relatives compared with healthy controls (95% CI 1.007–1.327, P = 0.04), when adjusting for age and gender. Further, BDNF levels were positively associated with duration of illness at a trend level (P = 0.05), age (P = 0.001) and use of anti-epileptic medication (P = 0.05).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that BDNF levels are not decreased in the early stages of bipolar disorder and in unaffected first-degree relatives contrasting with prior findings during later stages of the illness.
Measuring Financial Distress and Quality of Life Over Time in Patients With Gynecologic Cancer—Making the Case to Screen Early in the Treatment Course
Authors: Liang Margaret I. , Summerlin Sarah S. , Blanchard Christina T. , Boitano Teresa K. L. , Huh Warner K. , Bhatia Smita , Pisu Maria 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE: Our objective was to measure the trajectory of financial distress and to determine its relationship with quality of life (QOL) among patients with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal survey of patients with gynecologic cancer starting a new line of systemic therapy at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Financial distress was measured using a Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) < 26, and QOL was measured using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) with lower scores indicating worse responses. One-way repeated analysis of variances, generalized estimating equation models, and correlation coefficients were used to evaluate financial distress and QOL over time. RESULTS: There were 90 of 121 (74%) baseline participants with a 6-month follow-up. The average age was 60 years, 29% were African-American, 57% had an annual income < $40,000 in US dollars, and 6% were uninsured. At baseline, 54% of patients screened positive for financial distress, which was unchanged at 3 months (50%, P = .27) but decreased at 6 months (46%, P = .04) compared with baseline. There was no change in average COST (23.6, 25.1, 25.6; P = .33) or FACT-G (70.8, 71.0, 72.8; P = .68) over time. Less financial distress was moderately correlated with better QOL (r = 0.63, 0.61, 0.60) at each time point. The presence of financial distress was associated with a 16-point decrease in FACT-G QOL score over time. CONCLUSION: Upfront screening with COST identified 90% of patients who experienced financial distress, and COST did not change significantly over time. More severe financial distress was moderately correlated with worse QOL, and its presence was associated with a clinically meaningful 16-point decrease in QOL.
The Association of Passive Smoking and Dyslipidemia Among Adolescence in Japan: Results From A-CHILD Study
Authors: Miyamura Keitaro , Nawa Nobutoshi , Isumi Aya , Doi Satomi , Ochi Manami , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextPassive smoking in childhood has been reported to be associated with dyslipidemia in Western countries. However, this association in Asian countries remains unclear. Further, no study has investigated the sex difference of the association.ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the association between passive smoking and dyslipidemia in adolescent boys and girls in Japan.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional data of junior high school students in the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan in 2016 and 2018. Of the 1431 available students, 1166 students and their parents responded to the survey, including frequency of passive smoking (response rate 81.5%). We assessed dyslipidemia using total cholesterol (TC) levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The association between passive smoking and dyslipidemia was evaluated by using multivariate regression analyses adjusted for socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors stratified by boys (N = 564) and girls (N = 602).ResultsAmong boys, HDL-C levels were significantly lower if exposed to passive smoking frequently, compared with those not exposed (β = −3.19; 95% CI, −5.84 to −0.55). However, this trend does not hold true among girls. Passive smoking was not associated with TC levels and LDL-C levels in either boys or girls.ConclusionWe found that exposure to passive smoking was associated with HDL-C level among boys in Japan, but not in girls. Further longitudinal study is needed to confirm the association between passive smoking and dyslipidemia among boys in Japan.
Elevated Apolipoprotein A1 and HDL Cholesterol Associated with Age-related Macular Degeneration: 2 Population Cohorts
Authors: Nordestgaard Liv Tybjærg , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextTo enable prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), understanding risk factors for AMD is important.ObjectiveWe tested the hypotheses that elevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are associated with increased risk of AMD.MethodsFrom the Danish general population, we studied 106 703 and 16 032 individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) with median follow-up of 9 and 32 years, respectively.The main outcome measures were 1787 AMD in CGPS and 206 in CCHS.ResultsHigher concentrations of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol, and lower concentrations of LDL cholesterol, were associated with higher risk of AMD in CGPS. After multifactorial adjustment, individuals in the highest versus lowest quartile of plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol had hazard ratios for AMD of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.20-1.63) and 1.22 (1.03-1.45). Corresponding hazard ratios for individuals in the lowest versus highest quartile of LDL cholesterol were 1.18 (1.02-1.37). Per 100 mg/dL higher plasma apolipoprotein A1, 1 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher HDL, and 1 mmol/L (39 mmol/L) lower LDL cholesterol, the hazard ratios for AMD were 1.53(1.31-1.80), 1.19 (1.07-1.32), and 1.05 (1.00-1.11), respectively, with similar results across strata of different risk factors. Higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol were also associated with higher risk of AMD in the CCHS.ConclusionElevated plasma apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of AMD.
Autonomous Cortisol Secretion Influences Psychopathological Symptoms in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Gendreitzig Pauline , Künzel Heike E , Adolf Christian , Handgriff Laura , Müller Lisa , Holler Finn , Sturm Lisa , Heinrich Daniel A , Reincke Martin , Quinkler Marcus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with impaired quality of life (QoL). Autonomous cortisol cosecretion (ACS) is a relevant phenotype of PA, which could contribute to depression and anxiety disorders. This has not been investigated so far.

Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in PA patients according to ACS.

Methods
We performed testing for hypercortisolism and evaluated anxiety, depression and QoL by self-rating questionnaires in newly diagnosed PA patients of the German Conn’s Registry; 298 patients were reevaluated at follow-up.

Results
In the overall cohort, scores for anxiety (P &lt; .001), depression (P &lt; .001), and QoL (mental P = .021; physical P = .015) improved significantly at follow-up. This improvement was seen in both subgroups of patients with and without ACS, with the exception of the mental subscore in no-ACS patients. Analysis for sex differences showed that anxiety decreased significantly in females with ACS and no-ACS, whereas males with no-ACS failed to improve. Depression improved significantly in males and females with ACS (P = .004, P = 0.011 respectively), but not in those with no-ACS. Physical subscore of QoL improved significantly (P = .023) in females with ACS and mental subscore (P = .027) in males with ACS, whereas no differences were seen for the no-ACS groups.

Conclusion
Improvement in depression and anxiety scores in response to treatment of PA is more pronounced in patients with ACS in contrast to no-ACS suggesting a role of ACS in the psychopathological symptoms of patients with PA. Furthermore, we observed significant differences in depression and anxiety scores between the sexes.
How Not to Read like a Victorian: Reimagining Bankim’s Reader in Nineteenth-Century Bengali Novels
Authors: Bhattacharya Sunayani 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines the novels of the nineteenth-century Bengali author Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay in light of classical Sanskrit literature and the rasa theory and argues that practices of Sanskrit kāvya literature are as dominant in the structural and aesthetic elements of the Bengali novel as are Western forms of novel production. The arguments are located in the reader to suggest that Bankim’s novels train readers to read the Sanskrit past as encoded in the text and as coexisting with the westernized colonial present, albeit in a difficult relationship. The article pays particular attention to the novelist’s adaptation of two forms of Sanskrit prose, the kathā and the ākhyāyikā, and his exploration of the śṛngāra (erotic) rasa. While the Bengali novel emerges after the introduction of its Victorian counterpart, the former is a product of engagement with tensions foreign to the British novel. Exploring this alternative reading practice provides an opportunity to understand how Bengali and Sanskrit—in terms of literature and culture—are part of the lived experience of both Bankim and his nineteenth-century readers, and part of the aesthetic and ethical foundation of the early Bengali novel.
Cytoskeletal mechanics and dynamics in the Drosophila syncytial embryo
Authors: Lv Zhiyi , de-Carvalho Jorge , Telley Ivo A. , Großhans Jörg 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Cell and tissue functions rely on the genetic programmes and cascades of biochemical signals. It has become evident during the past decade that the physical properties of soft material that govern the mechanics of cells and tissues play an important role in cellular function and morphology. The biophysical properties of cells and tissues are determined by the cytoskeleton, consisting of dynamic networks of F-actin and microtubules, molecular motors, crosslinkers and other associated proteins, among other factors such as cell–cell interactions. The Drosophila syncytial embryo represents a simple pseudo-tissue, with its nuclei orderly embedded in a structured cytoskeletal matrix at the embryonic cortex with no physical separation by cellular membranes. Here, we review the stereotypic dynamics and regulation of the cytoskeleton in Drosophila syncytial embryos and how cytoskeletal dynamics underlies biophysical properties and the emergence of collective features. We highlight the specific features and processes of syncytial embryos and discuss the applicability of biophysical approaches.