bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effectiveness of a serious game and pre-recorded lecture in diagnosis and treatment planning of oral lesions for dental students
Authors: Buajeeb Waranun , Reynolds Patricia A , Boontub Hatailux , Tangmanpuwadol Yanon , Sipiyaruk Kawin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research evaluated the effectiveness of an online simulation-based serious game as a learning tool in diagnosis and treatment planning for oral lesions (SimOL) in comparison to a pre-recorded lecture-based approach and to determine its appropriate integration into the undergraduate dental curriculum. A crossover randomized control trial was conducted with a cohort of 77 dental undergraduates. They were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A underwent SimOL followed by a pre-recorded passive lecture, whereas Group B experienced the converse learning sequence. Pre-assessment, Post-assessment I, and Post-assessment II were administered to evaluate knowledge improvement, along with a satisfaction questionnaire to gather learner perceptions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA with the Bonferroni post-hoc test. With two dropouts, this research included 75 students (Group A: n = 38 and Group B: n = 37). The results demonstrated statistically significant score differences across the three assessments in both groups. Significant improvements in assessment scores were observed after the initial instructional approaches in both groups (P < 0.001). However, the additional SimOL or lecture did not significantly enhance Post-assessment II scores in either group (P > 0.05). No statistically significant score differences were found between Group A and Group B in all assessments (P > 0.05). Participants held a positive perception of SimOL. These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of SimOL in enhancing knowledge related to the diagnosis and treatment planning of oral lesions at a level equivalent to that of a pre-recorded lecture, highlighting its potential as an interactive learning tool in dental education.
A global analysis of adaptation to societal aging across low-, middle- and high-income countries using the Global Aging Society Index
Authors: Chen Cynthia , Lim Julian , Koh Jemima , Beard John , Rowe John W. ,   for the Research Network on an Aging Society, Rowe John , Antonucci Toni , Berkman Lisa , Börsch-Supan Axel , Carstensen Laura , Goldman Dana , Fried Linda , Furstenberg Frank , Jackson James , Kohli Martin , Olshansky Jay , Rehkopf David , Rother John , Zissimopoulos Julie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We have previously presented a multidimensional Aging Society Index, a weighted summation of five domains central to successful adaptation to societal aging: well-being, productivity and engagement, equity, cohesion and security, as a tool to assess countries’ adaptation to demographic transformation. As the index was based on data from developed countries and some of the individual metrics or weightings may not be well suited for application to low- and middle-income countries, we here present the scores on a modified index (Global Aging Society Index) on 143 countries distributed across the span of economic development. Only 5 out of 143 (3.5%) countries had higher scores for women than men. Countries with the most notable gender differences were primarily low-income countries. The multidimensional index permits cross-national comparisons and may facilitate the identification of targets for developing policies and programs to enhance the likelihood that older persons will age successfully.
Laplacian attention: A plug‐and‐play algorithm without increasing model complexity for vision tasks
Authors: Chen Xiaolei , Lu Yubing , Wen Runyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMost prevailing attention mechanism modules in contemporary research are convolution‐based modules, and while these modules contribute to enhancing the accuracy of deep learning networks in visual tasks, they concurrently augment the overall model complexity. To address the problem, this paper proposes a plug‐and‐play algorithm that does not increase the complexity of the model, Laplacian attention (LA). The LA algorithm first calculates the similarity distance between feature points in the feature space and feature channel and constructs the residual Laplacian matrix between feature points through the similarity distance and Gaussian kernel. This construction serves to segregate non‐similar feature points while aggregating those with similarities. Ultimately, the LA algorithm allocates the outputs of the feature channel and the feature space adaptively to derive the final LA outputs. Crucially, the LA algorithm is confined to the forward computation process and does not involve backpropagation or any parameter learning. The LA algorithm undergoes comprehensive experimentation on three distinct datasets—namely Cifar‐10, miniImageNet, and Pascal VOC 2012. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the advanced attention mechanism modules in recent years, such as SENet, CBAM, ECANet, coordinate attention, and triplet attention, the LA algorithm exhibits superior performance across image classification, object detection and semantic segmentation tasks.
Dynamic massive star formation: Radio flux variability in UC H II regions
Authors: Yang A. Y. , Thompson M. A. , Urquhart J. S. , Brunthaler A. , Menten K. M. , Gong Y. , Tsai Chao-Wei , Patel A. L. , Li D. , Cotton W. D. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Theoretical models of early accretion during the formation process of massive stars have predicted that H II regions exhibit radio variability on timescales of decades. However, large-scale searches for such temporal variations with sufficient sensitivity have not yet been carried out.
Aims. Our aim is to identify H II regions with variable radio wavelength fluxes and to investigate the properties of the identified objects, especially those with the highest level of variability.
Methods. We compared the peak flux densities of 86 ultracompact H II (UC H II) regions measured by the GLOSTAR and CORNISH surveys and identified variables that show flux variations higher than 30% over the ~8 yr timespan between these surveys.
Results. We found a sample of 38 variable UC H II regions, which is the largest sample identified to date. The overall occurrence of variability is 44±5%, suggesting that variation in UC H II regions is significantly more common than prediction. The variable UC H II regions are found to be younger than nonvariable UC H II regions, all of them meeting the size criterion of hypercompact (HC) H II regions. We studied the seven UC H II regions that show the highest variability (the “Top7”) with variations >100%. The Top7 variable UC H II regions are optically thick at 4–8 GHz and compact, suggesting they are in a very early evolutionary stage of HC H II or UC H II regions. There is a significant correlation between variability and the spectral index of the radio emission. No dependence is observed between the variations and the properties of the sources’ natal clumps traced by submillimeter continuum emission from dust, although variable H II regions are found in clumps at an earlier evolutionary stage.
Modelling the Spread of Monkeypox in USA with Vertical Transmission and Saturated Treatment
Authors: Kumar Arun , Kumari Nitu , Kumar Sumit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, we present a comprehensive mathematical model to investigate the dynamics of Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) type infectious diseases. Our model incorporates various factors that play crucial roles in disease transmission and control, including saturated incidence, vertical transmission, inherited passive immunity in newborns of susceptible and recovered individuals, and treatment. We explore the interplay between these factors and their impact on disease spread and control measures using a reduced SI model. After ensuring the existence of the model, we obtain the stability of the system around the disease-free and endemic equilibria. &#xD;Also, for comprehending the long-term dynamics of the system, we obtain the results of persistence and global stability. &#xD;By varying the parameters, we observe various bifurcations in the reduced SI system such as backward, transcritical, saddle-node, and Hopf bifurcations. To understand the behavior of the medication rate, vertical transmission, and the measure of passive immunity of newborns in the $S$ and $R$ compartments, we conduct numerical simulations that investigate the existence of periodic solutions through Hopf bifurcation, elucidating multiple endemic bubbles in the bifurcation diagram. We also validate the proposed system for the zoonotic disease by analyzing the $2022$ monkeypox outbreak in the USA using daily new infection data obtained from the official website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). By demonstrating that our simulations of the reduced SI model is closely aligned with officially reported data and average daily cases, policymakers can have confidence in its predictive capabilities, enhancing their ability to anticipate and respond to future outbreaks effectively. We have followed the dual approach of validating analytical results both theoretically as well as empirically using real data. This dual approach distinguishes our work from existing studies, which typically focus on either modeling a specific disease or exploring hypothetical dynamics exclusively.
The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot Survey. VII. Six Millisecond Pulsars in Compact Orbits with Massive White Dwarf Companions
Authors: Yang Z. L. , Han J. L. , Wang T. , Wang P. F. , Su W. Q. , Chen W. C. , Wang C. , Zhou D. J. , Yan Y. , Jing W. C. , Cai N. N. , Xie L. , Xu J. , Wang H. G. , Xu R. X. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Binary millisecond pulsars with a massive white dwarf (WD) companion are intermediate-mass binary pulsars (IMBPs). They are formed via the Case BB Roche-lobe overflow evolution channel if they are in compact orbits with an orbital period of less than 1 day. They are fairly rare in the known pulsar population; only five such IMBPs have been discovered before, and one of them is in a globular cluster. Here we report six IMBPs in compact orbits: PSRs J0416+5201, J0520+3722, J1919+1341, J1943+2210, J1947+2304 and J2023+2853, discovered during the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, doubling the number of such IMBPs due to the high survey sensitivity in the short survey time of 5 minutes. Follow-up timing observations show that they all have either a CO WD or an ONeMg WD companion with a mass greater than about 0.8 M
⊙ in a very circular orbit with an eccentricity in the order of ≲10−5. PSR J0416+5201 should be an ONeMg WD companion with a remarkable minimum mass of 1.28 M
⊙. These massive WD companions lead to a detectable Shapiro delay for PSRs J0416+5201, J0520+3722, J1943+2210, and J2023+2853, indicating that their orbits are highly inclined. From the measurement of the Shapiro delay, the pulsar mass of J1943+2210 was constrained to be 1.84

−
0.09

+
0.11

M
⊙, and that of PSR J2023+2853 to be 1.28

−
0.05

+
0.06

M
⊙.
The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot Survey. VIII. 116 Binary Pulsars
Authors: Wang P. F. , Han J. L. , Yang Z. L. , Wang T. , Wang C. , Su W. Q. , Xu J. , Zhou D. J. , Yan Yi , Jing W. C. , Cai N. N. , Yuan J. P. , Xu R. X. , Wang H. G. , You X. P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Finding pulsars in binaries is important for measurements of the masses of neutron stars (NSs), for tests of gravity theories, and for studies of star evolution. We are carrying out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey (GPPS) by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Here we present the Keplerian parameters for 116 newly discovered pulsars in the FAST GPPS survey and obtain timing solutions for 29 pulsars. Companions of these pulsars are He white dwarfs (WDs), CO/ONe WDs, NSs, main sequence stars and ultra light objects or even planets. Our observations uncover eclipses of eight binary systems. The optical counterpart for the companion of PSR J1908+1036 is identified. The Post-Keplerian parameter

ω

̇

for the double NS systems PSR J0528+3529 and J1844-0128 have been measured, with which the total masses of the binary systems are determined.
Research on the effect of pressure relief structure on the fast cook-off response Characteristics of fuze
Authors: Liu Rui-feng , Fan Chen-yang , Xu Rui , Qu Zhuo-jun , Ban Hui-feng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Designing a pressure relief structure is an essential method to mitigate the intensity of the cookoff process in the fuze. In order to investigate the influence of the venting structure on the fast cook-off response characteristics of the fuze, a fast cook-off test with and without pressure relief structures was designed for typical naval gun ammunition fuses, and a universal cook-off model (UCM) suitable for fast cook-off was developed for simulation to obtain the response characteristics of fuzes under different conditions. The results indicate that the fuze with sealed structure undergoes deflagration reactions, while the fuze with a vented structure undergoes burning reactions. The venting structure significantly reduces the reaction intensity of the fuze but has a minor effect on response time. The ignition position is located in the central area at the bottom of the fuze, with the ignition temperature of JHX-1 approximately 483K, and the RDX component dominates the ignition process. The developed UCM model can accurately predict the impact of internal pressure variations on the reaction process within the fuze, the internal pressure of the fuze booster explosive decreases by 24.32% when the venting structure is flushed open, which effectively slowing down the chemical reaction process and reducing the reaction intensity. Additionally, there is minimal melting in the ignition area, and resulting in minimal impact on the fuze response characteristics.
Characterization of modified resin-based carbon fiber composite
Authors: Zhang HY , Kong GQ , Wei HZ , Zhao H , Mao CC , Ma SQ , He HR , An ZH , Luo CH , Shao M , Liu ZY , Gao YJ , Li DY 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper investigated the improvement of toughness and mechanical properties in resin castings. The results suggested that the resin system met the film-forming requirements for hot-melt film immersion technology when the toughening agent was added at a content of 6 parts. The resin casting demonstrated a substantial enhancement in impact toughness while maintaining its heat resistance. The impact strength was elevated by 48%, and there was a concurrent increase in bending strength of over 4%. Based on the results of resin system, the mechanical performance of type I, II and III carbon fiber composites was investigated. Finally, the interface of composite was analysed. The results indicated that the mechanical performance of type I composite was comparable to that of type III. The tensile strength of type I was 2761 MPa, with a modulus of 176 GPa. The bending strength measured at 2189 MPa, with a modulus of 162 GPa. Additionally, the shear strength was recorded at 98 MPa, while the impact toughness reached 282 kJ/m2. Furthermore, the compressive strength was determined to be 1.03 GPa. It was worth noting that the carbon fiber exhibited excellent bonding performance with the resin following the mechanical properties test.
Analysis of the Influence of Projectile’s Start-up Process on the Balance Performance of Recoilless Gun
Authors: Jiang Zhonghui , Tao Gang , Li Zhiyu , Wen Peng , Ding Feng , Ding Guipeng , Pang Chuqiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
At the initial moment of the firing of a recoilless gun, the launcher maintains force balance by synchronizing the projectile start-up with the opening of the blocking sheet inside the nozzle. In previous research, a synchronous experiment was conducted to investigate projectile start-up and the blocking sheet opening. Based on the observed phenomena, a one-dimensional balanced internal ballistics model was developed for recoilless guns incorporating projectile start-up. By incorporating numerical examples, the impact of the start-up process of the projectile on the unbalanced force of the recoilless gun is analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of different extracting bullet forces and engraving resistance on the unbalanced force is discussed. The findings suggest that the initial start-up phase of the projectile has a more significant effect on its balance compared to other internal ballistics performance factors. Specifically, the extraction force plays a more influential role in determining the projectile’s balance than the resistance encountered during the band engraving process. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the balanced design of recoilless guns.
Numerical simulation study on detonation effect of fragment impact covered explosive
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yan Yue-Guang , Wang Chen-Xu , Ge Chao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In order to reveal the detonation effect and mechanism of covered explosive under fragment impact, based on one-dimensional shock wave theory, a theoretical model of fragment impact detonation of covered explosive is established. Combined with numerical simulation, the influence of key parameters such as fragment material, fragment shape and charge shell thickness on the detonation threshold velocity and the influence of fragment velocity on the detonation time and depth of covered explosive are obtained, and the mechanism of fragment on the detonation effect of covered explosive is revealed. The results show that the shock initiation effect of tungsten alloy fragments is better than that of 45# steel fragments. The shock initiation effect of cubic fragments is better than that of spherical fragments. When the thickness of charge shell is thin, it is the impact detonation mechanism. When the charge shell is thick, the impact detonation mechanism and the shear detonation mechanism coexist. The detonation time and detonation depth of explosives decrease with the increase of velocity, and the detonation time is proportional to the detonation depth.
Fuzzy Clustering and Dynamic Time Warping-Based Unsupervised Classification of Artillery Barrel Health Status
Authors: Kang Z K , Hu Y M , Chen X J , Li Y D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Under the condition of small sample unlabeled data sequences, unsupervised identification of the health status of gun barrels is a key challenge in the health management technology of artillery. This paper proposes an unsupervised identification method based on the similarity measurement of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), aiming to improve the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring of the barrel’s health status. Firstly, this paper uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technology to extract the principal component sequences of the monitoring data of the gun barrel’s internal diameter expansion, providing a feature representation for the health status of the gun barrel. Subsequently, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering analysis is conducted on these features to divide the clusters of the gun barrel’s health status and construct the feature sequences of each cluster. Furthermore, this paper extracts the principal component sequences from the monitoring data of the same type of gun barrel’s internal diameter expansion and applies the DTW algorithm for similarity measurement to identify the current health status of the gun barrel. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the health status of the gun barrel, providing a new perspective for the health management technology of artillery. The application of this method has important practical significance for reducing or avoiding failures or major accidents caused by the deterioration of the gun barrel’s health status, and ensuring personal and property safety.
Development of KNSB Rocket Motor for UAVs’ Rocket Assisted Take-Off (RATO) Boosters.
Authors: Alblooshi Abdulwahed , Ahmed Awatif , Almazrouei Maha , Alali Nawwaf , Alazizi Mohammed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research paper presents the design and development of a solid rocket motor composed of sugar-based propellant for Rocket Assist Take Off (RATO) systems. RATO systems can be integrated with different platforms that require an initial boost to be launched such as the C130 aircraft. Sugar-based propellants offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional solid rocket propellants with effective launch performances. The research purpose is to design and develop prototype rockets, verify rocket performance, and optimize the design for upscaling to larger calibers. Additionally, to establish a standard method for manufacturing sugar-based propellant grains to ensure consistency and repeatability in every batch production. During the development, non-destructive testing was performed to check the grains’ quality and a series of static firings were conducted to measure the rocket performance. Three design concepts were developed for the 40 mm rocket to achieve sufficient thrust, enhance the overall performance, and achieve a boost-sustain profile. However, upscaling the motor to 75 mm posed new challenges in the design process, requiring modification to achieve the required thrust, ensure structural integrity, and improve grain quality. Further research is required to excel in large calibre rocket performance and characterize the propellant through BEM testing.
Design of Control Strategies for Electric Actuators in 155mm
Authors: Cai Xiu , Guan Xueyuan , Zhang Chen , Wang Yanyi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The performance of electromagnetic servo actuators as the control execution mechanism for guided projectiles plays a crucial role in the control system of guided projectiles. Due to the limited internal space of correction projectiles and the need to adapt to high-speed rotation, high overload, and small volume environments, the structure, control, and drive circuits of the electromagnetic servo actuators should be miniaturized as much as possible while meeting the requirements and control accuracy. This paper introduces the principle design of the motor drive and control circuit. A permanent magnet synchronous motor is adopted according to the characteristics of the required electromagnetic servo actuators. The model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is studied, and based on the extended Kalman filter state observer, the estimation of the motor rotor position and speed is conducted. Subsequently, closed-loop vector control simulations of current, speed, and position are performed using Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the control strategy’s effectiveness in actual 155mm correction projectile payloads. This research can provide beneficial reference and guidance for the optimization of electromagnetic servo actuators in practical applications.