bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete Choice Experiment on a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System for Temporomandibular Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Tolend Mirkamal , Junhasavasdikul Thitiporn , Cron Randy Q. , Inarejos Clemente Emilio J. , von Kalle Thekla , Kellenberger Christian J. , Koos Bernd , Miller Elka , van Rossum Marion A. , Saurenmann Rotraud K. , Spiegel Lynn , Stimec Jennifer , Twilt Marinka , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Abramowicz Shelly , Appenzeller Simone , Arvidsson Linda Z. , Guleria Saurabh , Jaremko Jacob L. , Kirkhus Eva , Larheim Tore A. , Meyers Arthur B. , Panwar Jyoti , Resnick Cory M. , Shelmerdine Susan C. , Feldman Brian M. , Doria Andrea S. ,   for the OMERACT MRI in JIA Working Group
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the relative importance weights of items and grades of a newly developed additive outcome measure called the juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (JAMRIS‐TMJ).MethodsAn adaptive partial‐profile, discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey using the 1000Minds platform was independently completed by members of an expert group consisting of radiologists and non‐radiologist clinicians to determine the group‐averaged relative weights for the JAMRIS‐TMJ. Subsequently, an image‐based vignette ranking exercise was done, during which experts individually rank ordered 14 patient vignettes for disease severity while blinded to the weights and unrestricted to JAMRIS‐TMJ assessment criteria. Validity of the weighted JAMRIS‐TMJ was tested by comparing the consensus‐graded, DCE‐weighted JAMRIS‐TMJ score of the vignettes with their unrestricted image‐based ranks provided by the experts.ResultsNineteen experts completed the DCE survey, and 21 completed the vignette ranking exercise. Synovial thickening and joint enhancement showed higher weights per raw score compared to bone marrow items and effusion in the inflammatory domain, while erosions and condylar flattening showed nonlinear and higher weights compared to disk abnormalities in the damage domain. The weighted JAMRIS‐TMJ score of the vignettes correlated highly with the ranks from the unrestricted comparison method, with median Spearman's ρ of 0.92 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.87–0.95) for the inflammation and 0.93 (IQR 0.90–0.94) for the damage domain.ConclusionA DCE survey was used to quantify the importance weights of the items and grades of the JAMRIS‐TMJ. The weighted score showed high convergent validity with an unrestricted, holistic vignette ranking method.
Partially Functional Electrode Modifications for Rapid Detection of Dopamine in Urine
Authors: Shukla Rajendra P. , Aroosh Matan , Matzafi Alon , Ben‐Yoav Hadar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesigning functional materials as electrode coatings to transduce high‐quality information about redox molecules in biofluids is crucial for developing the next‐generation medical devices. Rapidly analyzing the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) urinary levels can enable point‐of‐care testing for neuroendocrine tumors. A novel sensing electrodes array modified with biopolymer chitosan and electrocatalytic carbon nanotube films that can generate cross‐reactive electrochemical signals from complex biofluids, such as undiluted urine, is presented. By generating cross‐reactive signals, the feasibility of quantifying DA levels from unprocessed urine samples is demonstrated. The films’ electrochemical activity is characterized and modeled the additive effect of the main redox interferants in urine (norepinephrine and uric acid) on the generated electrochemical signals that overlap and mask the electrochemical signature of DA. Finally, the feasibility of successfully quantifying urinary DA levels is demonstrated by investigating two calibration approaches: 1) using a synthetic solution (1.15 µmroot mean squared error (RMSE) and 4.2 µm limit‐of‐detection (LoD) values), and 2) directly using the urine samples (2.5 µmRMSE and 9.3 µmLoD values). The outcome of this work will enhance the understanding of the overlapping and masking electrochemical signatures and their interactions with functional materials, providing better analytical tools to differentiate redox molecules in highly complex biofluids.
Phase Selection in Mn–Si Alloys by Fast Solid‐State Reaction with Enhanced Skyrmion Stability
Authors: Li Zichao , Xie Yufang , Yuan Ye , Ji Yanda , Begeza Viktor , Cao Lei , Hübner René , Rebohle Lars , Helm Manfred , Nielsch Kornelius , Prucnal Slawomir , Zhou Shengqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractB20‐type transition‐metal silicides or germanides are noncentrosymmetric materials hosting magnetic skyrmions, which are promising information carriers in spintronic devices. The prerequisite is to prepare thin films on technology‐relevant substrates with magnetic skyrmions stabilized at a broad temperature and magnetic‐field working window. A canonical example is the B20‐MnSi film grown on Si substrates. However, the as‐yet unavoidable contamination with MnSi1.7 occurs due to the lower nucleation temperature of this phase. In this work, a simple and efficient method to overcome this problem and prepare single‐phase MnSi films on Si substrates is reported. It is based on the millisecond reaction between metallic Mn and Si using flash‐lamp annealing (FLA). By controlling the FLA energy density, single‐phase MnSi or MnSi1.7 or their mixture can be grown at will. Compared with bulk MnSi, the prepared MnSi films show an increased Curie temperature of up to 41 K. In particular, the magnetic skyrmions are stable over a much wider temperature and magnetic‐field range than reported previously. The results constitute a novel phase selection approach for alloys and can help to enhance specific functional properties, such as the stability of magnetic skyrmions.
Host Modification of Layered Double Hydroxide Electrocatalyst to Boost the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Activity of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhang Cong , Zhang Yunqi , Li Zhenhua , Shao Mingfei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) are regarded as an earth‐abundant and highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a systematic strategy is demonstrated to simultaneously optimize the OER thermodynamic and kinetic activity via introducing a series of transition and main group metal atoms into the NiFe‐LDH host layers. Typically, V, Co, and Cr dopants largely promote the intrinsic activity of NiFe‐LDH through the effective electron transfer from Fe3+ in NiFe‐LDH laminate to the doping metals, while the introduction of V, Ti, and Mn into NiFe‐LDH facilitates the kinetics of water oxidation due to the increased conductivity induced by dopants. Furthermore, the detailed experiments and density functional theory calculations illustrate that the presence of suitable heteroatoms (V) lowers the activation energy barrier for OER rate‐limiting step as well as promotes the electron transfers by effective electronic modification. This work provides an effective strategy to modulate the OER activity of LDHs and determine their performance trends for a more rational design of high‐performed OER electrocatalysts.
Stabilizing γ‐MgH2 at Nanotwins in Mechanically Constrained Nanoparticles
Authors: Kammerer Jochen A. , Duan Xiaoyang , Neubrech Frank , Schröder Rasmus R. , Liu Na , Pfannmöller Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReversible hydrogen uptake and the metal/dielectric transition make the Mg/MgH2 system a prime candidate for solid‐state hydrogen storage and dynamic plasmonics. However, high dehydrogenation temperatures and slow dehydrogenation hamper broad applicability. One promising strategy to improve dehydrogenation is the formation of metastable γ‐MgH2. A nanoparticle (NP) design, where γ‐MgH2 forms intrinsically during hydrogenation is presented and a formation mechanism based on transmission electron microscopy results is proposed. Volume expansion during hydrogenation causes compressive stress within the confined, anisotropic NPs, leading to plastic deformation of β‐MgH2 via (301)β twinning. It is proposed that these twins nucleate γ‐MgH2 nanolamellas, which are stabilized by residual compressive stress. Understanding this mechanism is a crucial step toward cycle‐stable, Mg‐based dynamic plasmonic and hydrogen‐storage materials with improved dehydrogenation. It is envisioned that a more general design of confined NPs utilizes the inherent volume expansion to reform γ‐MgH2 during each rehydrogenation.
Size‐Based Cationic Molecular Sieving through Solid‐State Nanochannels
Authors: Ali Mubarak , Nasir Saima , Froehlich Kristina , Ramirez Patricio , Cervera Javier , Mafe Salvador , Ensinger Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe molecular sieving behavior of soft‐etched polyimide membranes having negatively charged nanochannels is described experimentally and theoretically using alkali metal–crown ether cationic complexes and alkylammonium cations. To this end, the electrical conduction and current rectification obtained with different alkali electrolyte solutions (LiCl, NaCl, and KCl) and crown ether molecules (12‐crown‐4, 15‐crown‐5, and 18‐crown‐6) are studied. The results suggest that only the [Li(12C4)]+ complex can readily permeate through the nanochannels because significant current decreases are obtained in the cases of the [Na(15C5)]+ and [K(18C6)]+ complexes. In solutions of organic cations ranging from ammonium (NH4+) to alkylammonium (R4N+) with increasing molecular size, only the smaller ions can conduct high electric currents, suggesting again that the membrane channels are in the nanometer range. Taken together, the observed current decreases and rectification phenomena demonstrate that the functionalized membranes allow a versatile combination of molecular and electrostatic sieving.
Bright Single Photon Emission from Quantum Dots Embedded in a Broadband Planar Optical Antenna
Authors: Huang Huiying , Manna Santanu , Schimpf Christian , Reindl Marcus , Yuan Xueyong , Zhang Yining , da Silva Saimon Filipe Covre , Rastelli Armando 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotonic structures capable of enhancing the light‐outcoupling efficiency of embedded epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) in a broad spectral range are attractive for the realization of bright sources of single photons and entangled photon pairs. In this work, a planar‐multilayer antenna is experimentally demonstrated for GaAs QDs embedded in AlGaAs membranes. The antenna consists of a metal (Au or Ag) reflector and a semi‐transparent metal (Ag) director, with a thin oxide layer (hafnium dioxide (HfO2) or aluminium oxide (Al2O3)) between metal and semiconductor layers. Simulations using the 3D finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method indicate a maximal efficiency of 43% (for collection optics with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.85), a wavelength‐dependent Purcell factor ranging from ≈0.7 to ≈1.45, strong directional emission characteristics, as well as a broad bandwidth of ≈30 nm. In the experiment, we find a Purcell factor compatible with the simulation results, a maximum collection efficiency as high as ≈19% and an ultralow multiphoton emission probability of 0.006 ± 0.005. The planar geometry, its compatibility with post‐growth tuning methods, facile fabrication, broad spectral bandwidth, and achieved performance make the presented structure competitive for solid‐state sources of quantum light.
Atomic‐Scale Visualization and Quantification of Configurational Entropy in Relation to Thermal Conductivity: A Proof‐of‐Principle Study int‐GeSb2Te4
Authors: Chen Yongjin , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yongsheng , Wu Hong , Peng Kunling , Yang Hengquan , Zhang Qing , Liu Xiaopeng , Chai Yisheng , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Zhang Ze , He Jian , Han Xiaodong , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt remains a daunting task to quantify the configurational entropy of a material from atom‐revolved electron microscopy images and correlate the results with the material's lattice thermal conductivity, which strides across statics, dynamics, and thermal transport of crystal lattice over orders of magnitudes in length and time. Here, a proof‐of‐principle study of atomic‐scale visualization and quantification of configurational entropy in relation to thermal conductivity in single crystalline trigonal GeSb2Te4(akat‐GeSb2Te4) with native atomic site disorder is reported. A concerted effort of larget‐GeSb2Te4single crystal growth, in‐lab developed analysis procedure of atomic column intensity, the visualization and quantification of configurational entropy including corresponding modulation, and thermal transport measurements enable an entropic “bottom‐up” perspective to the lattice thermal conductivity oft‐GeSb2Te4. It is uncovered that the configurational entropy increases phonon scattering and reduces phonon mean free path as well as promotes anharmonicity, thereby giving rise to low lattice thermal conductivity and promising thermoelectric performance. The current study sheds lights on an atomic scale bottom‐up configurational entropy design in diverse regimes of structural and functional materials research and applications.
All‐Cold Evaporation under One Sun with Zero Energy Loss by Using a Heatsink Inspired Solar Evaporator
Authors: Wu Xuan , Wu Zhiqing , Wang Yida , Gao Ting , Li Qin , Xu Haolan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInterfacial solar steam generation is a highly efficient and sustainable technology for clean water production and wastewater treatment. Although great progress has been achieved in improving evaporation rate and energy efficiency, it's still challenging to fully eliminate the energy loss to the surrounding environment during solar steam generation. To achieve this, a novel heatsink‐like evaporator (HSE) is developed herein. During solar evaporation, the temperature on the top solar evaporation surface can be regulated by the fin structures of the HSE. For the evaporators with 5 to 7 heatsink fins, the temperature of the solar evaporation surface is decreased to be lower than the ambient temperature, which fully eliminates the radiation, convection, and conduction heat losses, leading to the absolute cold evaporation over the entire evaporator under 1.0 sun irradiation. As a result, massive energy (4.26 W), which is over 170% of the received light energy, is harvested from the environment due to the temperature deficit, significantly enhancing the energy efficiency of solar steam generation. An extremely high evaporation rate of 4.10 kg m−2 h−1 is realized with a 6‐fin photothermal HSE, corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency far beyond the theoretical limit, assuming 100% light‐to‐vapor energy conversion.
Replica Symmetry Breaking in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Bandgap Lasing
Authors: Kong Jinyuan , He Jijun , Zhang Junxi , Ma Jiajun , Xie Kang , Chen Jingjing , Hong Liang , Hu Zhijia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpin glass theory is an interdisciplinary statistical theory that has been widely used to describe the complex physical systems in diverse fields. In photonic platforms, the characteristic phenomenon of the phase transition between paramagnetic and spin glass state, i.e., replica symmetry breaking (RSB), has been recently observed in random laser (RL) systems via analogies between optical modes and magnetic spins. Here, the RSB phenomenon in cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) bandgap lasing is reported. The CLC lasing arises from the edge of bandgap when the reflection spectrum edge of CLC spectrally overlaps with the fluorescence spectrum of dye. Different from the RL systems, where the RSB phenomenon is frequently observed, bandgap laser shows weak disorder due to its self‐assembled helical structure. Unexpectedly, based on the statistical study of the lasing spectra, the RSB can still be found when the bandgap laser operates at the threshold point. This RSB phenomenon is robust when the bandgap laser works at different temperatures and wavelengths. These results extend the scope of the feasibility of the spin glass theory in the photonic field, which boost the understanding of the interplay between system disorder and lasing statistical behavior.
Toward Bayesian Data Compression
Authors: Harth‐Kitzerow Johannes , Leike Reimar H. , Arras Philipp , Enßlin Torsten A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn order to handle large datasets omnipresent in modern science, efficient compression algorithms are necessary. Here, a Bayesian data compression (BDC) algorithm that adapts to the specific measurement situation is derived in the context of signal reconstruction. BDC compresses a dataset under conservation of its posterior structure with minimal information loss given the prior knowledge on the signal, the quantity of interest. Its basic form is valid for Gaussian priors and likelihoods. For constant noise standard deviation, basic BDC becomes equivalent to a Bayesian analog of principal component analysis. Using metric Gaussian variational inference, BDC generalizes to non‐linear settings. In its current form, BDC requires the storage of effective instrument response functions for the compressed data and corresponding noise encoding the posterior covariance structure. Their memory demand counteract the compression gain. In order to improve this, sparsity of the compressed responses can be obtained by separating the data into patches and compressing them separately. The applicability of BDC is demonstrated by applying it to synthetic data and radio astronomical data. Still the algorithm needs further improvement as the computation time of the compression and subsequent inference exceeds the time of the inference with the original data.
Associations between artificial light at night and risk for thyroid cancer: A large US cohort study
Authors: Zhang Dong , Jones Rena R. , James Peter , Kitahara Cari M. , Xiao Qian 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundLight at night (LAN) inhibits nighttime secretion of melatonin and may cause circadian disruption, which may be a risk factor for cancer. Recent studies have linked high LAN exposure with elevated breast cancer risk. Given that breast cancer may share a common hormone‐dependent etiology with thyroid cancer and that circadian rhythms play a role in regulating thyroid function, the authors hypothesized that exposure to LAN is positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence.MethodsThis study examined the association between LAN and thyroid cancer incidence in the National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. LAN exposure was estimated from satellite data and was linked to residential addresses at the baseline. Incident thyroid cancer cases were ascertained via linkage to state cancer registries. Cox regression was used to determine the relationship between LAN and thyroid cancer risk, with adjustments made for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and other environmental factors.ResultsAmong 464,371 participants, a positive association was found between LAN and thyroid cancer risk. Specifically, in comparison with the lowest quintile of LAN, the highest quintile was associated with a 55% increase in risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18‐2.02). The association was primarily driven by papillary thyroid cancer and was stronger in women (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.26‐2.60) than men (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.86‐1.94). In women, the association was stronger for localized cancer, whereas in men, the association was stronger for a more advanced stage. Results were consistent across different tumor sizes.ConclusionsLAN was positively associated with thyroid cancer risk. Future studies are needed to confirm this association and identify underlying biological mechanisms.
An analysis of simulated yield data for pepper shows how genotype × environment interaction in yield can be understood in terms of yield components and their QTLs
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo C. , Heuvelink Ep , Marcelis Leo F. M. , Chapman Scott C. , van Eeuwijk Fred A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComplex traits like yield are those in which phenotypic variation can be modeled as a linear function of a set of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with environment dependency. This environment dependency can be observed at a phenotypic level as genotype × environment interaction (GEI) for yield itself and at an underlying genetic level as QTL × environment interaction (QEI). We show how GEI in yield may follow from pleiotropic QTLs for yield components that themselves are not environment dependent. We generated synthetic yield data via a crop growth model and analyzed these data by common statistical models for GEI and QEI. The QTLs for yield were pleiotropic with those for yield components. Such pleiotropy offers a path for improvement of yield under GEI. As a model system we used sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and developed an eco‐physiological model for yield with seven genotype‐specific inputs or yield components. Synthetic yields were simulated for a back cross population of 500 lines across a factorial combination of four major environmental drivers. The yield components were given a simple QTL basis and produced credible amounts and patterns of GEI for yield. The QEI for yield could be interpreted from the expression of QTLs for yield components and the interaction of these components with the environmental drivers. We see the generation of synthetic yield data via crop growth models followed by an analysis with statistical models for GEI and QEI to quantify the contribution of yield components to GEI as a helpful step in the development of yield prediction models for complex traits across environments that can also serve as a basis for decisions on selection strategies of complex traits.
A prospective study into change of vitamin D levels, depression and frailty among depressed older persons
Authors: van den Berg Karen S. , Hegeman Johanna M. , van den Brink Rob H. S. , Rhebergen Didi , Oude Voshaar Richard C. , Marijnissen Radboud M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesWhile vitamin D is involved in frailty as well as depression, hardly any study has examined the course of vitamin D levels prospectively. The objective of this study is to examine whether a change of vitamin D in depressed older adults is associated with either depression course, course of frailty, or both.MethodsThe study population consisted of 232 of 378 older adults (60–93 years) with a DSM‐IV defined depressive disorder participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons, a prospective clinical cohort study. Baseline and 2‐year follow‐up data on depressive disorder (DSM‐IV diagnosis), symptom severity (inventory of depressive symptoms), frailty phenotype (and its individual components) and vitamin D levels were obtained. Linear mixed models were used to study the association of change in vitamin D levels with depression course, course of frailty, and the combination.ResultsVitamin D levels decreased from baseline to follow‐up, independent from depression course. An increase in frailty was associated with a significantly sharper decrease of vitamin D levels over time. Post hoc analyses showed that this association with frailty might be driven by an increase of exhaustion over time and counteracted by an increase in walking speed.ConclusionsOur findings generate the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation in late‐life depression may improve frailty, which may partly explain inconsistent findings of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of vitamin D for depression. We advocate to consider frailty (components) as an outcome in future supplementation trials in late‐life depression.