bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACR BI-RADS Breast Density and its correlation with breast cancer screening program
Authors: Ahmed Ghada Khaled , Guirguis Mounir Sobhy , Alkaphoury Mona Gamalluldin Alsayed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in women over the age of 40 years. Breast cancer screening is used to identify women with asymptomatic cancer with the goal of enabling women to undergo less invasive treatments that lead to better outcomes, ideally at earlier stages and before the cancer progresses. Mammography is the best-studied breast cancer screening modality and the only recommended imaging tool for screening the general population of women.

Objective
to correlate the relation between ACR density of breast and breast cancer in screening program.

Patients and Methods
Our study included 40 women of breast cancer were depicted radiologically and histo-pathologically diagnosed after outreaching for screening by Digital Mammography by the Egyptian National Breast Cancer Screening Program in Ain Shams University Hospitals at period from January 2018 to October 2019.Their data were collected from the medical records of the program. Their age ranged between 40 and 65 years.

Results
According to the BI-RADS 5th edition 2013, cases were classified into four classes as follows: 6 were ACR-A (15.0%), 21 were ACR-B (52.5%), 12 were ACR-C (30.0%) and 1 were ACR-D (2.5%), So according to our study results dense breast shouldn’t be considered as a risk factor for breast cancer as we observed that the percentage of breast cancer in our study increases the most with average breast density ACR class B then increases with ACR class C and A respectively.

Conclusion
dense breast is not a risk factor for breast cancer, so further researches are needed to study the relationship between breast density and breast cancer in Egyptian population, to elucidate the role of breast density estimation in prediction of breast cancer considering the genotypical and phenotypical differences of the Egyptian population.
Role of Diffusion Weighted MRI in Assessment of Treatment Response to Chemotherapy in Patients with Osteogenic Sarcoma
Authors: Allah Randa Hussein Abd , Gaber Kareem Mahmoud Mohamed , Ahmed Amal Ibrahim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Currently, 10-year overall survival rates are 60% to 70% for all patients and only approximately 20% for patients with metastatic disease.

Aim of the Work
To investigate whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is useful for monitoring the therapeutic response after chemotherapy in osteosarcoma by comparing the ADC values pre and post chemotherapeutic treatment.

Patients and Methods
This is a retrospective study included 30 patients (18 females & 12 males), their ages range from 7 to 36 years. Mean age 14.8 years. The study was perfotmed Radiology Depaflment at Ain-Shams University Hospitals between September 2018 & Dec 2019.

Resillts
Most of cases about 50 % show partial response according to RECIST criteria.

Conclusion
Chemotheraphy is effective in reducing size, increase tissue breakdown and improvement of cases of osteosarcomas according to results of this study.
Assessment of the role of 18F-FDG PET CT in detection of bone marrow infiltration in comparison to the Bone Marrow Aspirate in Lymphoma patients
Authors: Ghaly Madonna Adel Mikhail , El Shibiny Aida Mohamed , Rahim Susan Adil Ali Abdul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
18-F-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography [FDG-PET], combined with multidetector helical Computed Tomography [PET/CT] has emerged as a one of the most important prognostic tools for lymphoma management. Previous studies have indicated that PET/CT is a convenient method for bone marrow assessment in patients with lymphoma. A blind Bone Marrow Biopsy [BMB] has been traditionally used as the golden standard in marrow evaluation despite its invasiveness.

Objective
is to compare the results of PET/CT with BMB regarding bone marrow infiltration [BMI] in patients with Hodgkin's Lymphoma [HL] and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NHL] and to characterize the visual bone marrow FDG uptake pattern by PET-CT

Methods
A cross sectional study including 27 cases of Lymphoma, conducted at Ain Shams University hospitals, the patients were investigated using PET-CT scan and BMB ,the period was between December 2018 till the end of May 2019.

Results
Our study included 27 histologically proved Lymphoma patients, 14 (51.9%) were males and 13 (48.1%) were females, with age ranging from 17 to 69 years (mean 45 years). Among the total cases, 17 (63%) patients had NHL, while 10 (37%) patients had HL. All the patients were evaluated at first by BMB (taken from the dorsal portion of the iliac crest) for initial staging, then the patients underwent PET/CT scan. The study revealed 12 patients (44.4%) had BMI detected by PET/CT imaging; however, only 7 patients (25.9%) were detected by BMB. BMB and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were concordant for BMI detection in 22 patients (81.5%): positive concordance in 7 patients and negative in 15. Of the 5 discordant cases, four had a focal marrow intense FDG uptake detected by PET/CT and were upstaged as their BMB results were false-negative, one patient had intense diffuse marrow uptake by PET/CT while its BMB was negative (revealed only hyper cellularity with mild dysplasia). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of PET for identifying BMI was 100%, 75%, 58.3%, 100% respectively with a diagnostic accuracy 81.5% with a (p value &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
18F-FDG PET-CT imaging is more sensitive than bone marrow biopsy for bone marrow infiltration detection in Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma staging.
The Role of High Resolution Ultrasound In Comparison To MRI In The Evaluation Of Painful Knee
Authors: Abdelhameed Hanaa Abdelkader , Ali Khaled Ahmed Mohamed , Elzakzouk Maged Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The knee joint is one of the most commonly injured joints in the body. Because of its complex structure, the joint is subjected to numerous pathologies and due to the recent increase in various sport activities; there has been a parallel increase in sport-induced internal derangements of the knee. Ultrasound is emerging as a viable imaging modality in the assessment of the musculoskeletal system lesions especially in experienced hands

Objective
To evaluate the role of high resolution dynamic ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of different causes of knee joint pain compared to MR imaging.

Patients and Methods
This study included 50 patients with painful knee joints as 32 females and 18 males, 16 patients had bilateral knee examination. Their ages ranged between 5-66 years. The cases was referred to a private radiological center, some of them referred to assess the knee joint pain by ultrasound as a fast and cheapest modality, yet most of the cases referred to evaluate the knee joint by MRI and the ultrasound was done as complementary study.

Results
Comparing between ultrasound and MRI in evaluation of painful knee joints, although the ultrasound has role in evaluation of bursal, synovial and peri-articular soft tissue lesions, the MRI is advised as a primary imaging tool for cruciates, meniscal and ligamentous lesions when clinically suspected.

Conclusion
Ultrasonography is a safe, cheap and efficient tool in the evaluation of the peri articular soft tissues with limited screening role at the internal knee joint cruciate / meniscal derangements as well as some bony lesions involving the bony cortex. It has no role in the intramedullary bony lesions. At this point, we concluded that ultrasonography has an important complementary role with MRI examination in the evaluation of the knee pain of different causes yet it is operator dependent and needs experience.
Role of hepatic Doppler as compared to Fibro-scan in evaluation of post virus C hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Abdallah Randa Hussein , Abdulhafez Essam Mohamed , Soufy Manar Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a disease of global importance with a large burden of morbidity and mortality. hepatitis c virus can cause progressive liver damage which may result in liver cirrhosis and hepato-cellular carcinoma .

Aim of the work
The aim of our study was to examine the efficacy of hepatic Doppler indices, namely hepatic vein wave form, hepatic vein maximum velocity ,hepatic artery RI and portal vein maximum velocity and portal vein wave form for evaluating the degree of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients as compared to transient elastography.

Patients and methods
our study was done over period from September 2018 till April 2019 included 40 patients from eldemerdash hospital designed to include all hepatitis c positive patients with any age or sex excluding other cause of liver cirrhosis (negative hepatitis B, negative auto immune hepatitis) in absence of obesity or ascites. hepatic vein maximum velocity, hepatic artery RI, portal vein maximum velocity, TE were performed to all patients. fibrosis was assessed on semi quantitative scoring system (METAVIR score ). we examine the efficacy of each of Doppler indices in differentiating different stages of hepatic fibrosis and their diagnostic accuracy in predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis .

Results
on comparing the fibrosis &non fibrosis groups by TE according to Doppler measurement we found statistically significant higher means of the portal vein maximum velocity (PVmax) for the non fibrosis group as compared to the fibrosis group (24.15±9.71 and 15.94±3.35 respectively with p value&lt;0.001) also found significantly lower HAPSV/PVmax ratio for the non fibrosis as compared to fibrosis group (1.58±0.41 and 2.59±1.17 respectively with p value 0.011) finally, we found that there was significant change of the HV waveform pattern for the non fibrosis (normal triphasic ) as compared to fibrosis (monophasic or biphasic ) (x2=4.353 with p value 0.038)
The Role of Elastography in Fibroadenoma of the Breast and Differentiating it from its Mimics
Authors: Massak Marina Essam Fares , Fiky Sahar M. El , Salama Asmaa M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Fibroadenomas are one of the most common benign diseases of the breast varying in number and size in all quadrants of the breast. Less than 2% of lesions with the typical ultrasound features of a fibroadenoma, are found to be malignant on biopsy.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of combined ultrasonography and strain elastography and to compare the imaging characteristics of fibroadenomas with other benign and malignant mimics and assess the results by histopathological characteristics.

Patients and Methods
Type of Study: Cross-sectional study. Study Setting: The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Radiodiagnosis department. Study Period: 6 months (From March 2020 till September 2020). Study Population: Female Patients with breast lumps.

Results
Ultrasound elastography combined with B-mode ultrasonography had shown variable degrees of sensitivity and specificity. However, in our study it showed high sensitivity and specificity as compared to other studies. The most reliable tool in our study was the strain ratio having the highest sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
Strain elastography combined to B-mode sonography improves the diagnostic performance of differentiating benign from malignant well circumscribed breast lesions with an additional benefit of preventing unnecessary biopsies and speeding up the diagnosis of malignant lesions instead of follow up of the patient for early diagnosis of malignancies.
The Role of Whole- Body Diffusion Imaging with Background Signal Suppression (DWBS) in comparison with PET/CT in assessment of lymphoma patients
Authors: Abdallah Randa Hossein , Botros Samer Malak , Othman Amal Ibrahim Ahmed , Aboshanab Mohamed Mahmoud Ibrahim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Malignant lymphomas [Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)] rank third in incidence, of all childhood cancers, Moreover, in adolescents (aged 15-19 years) the malignant lymphomas are the leading cause of cancer. Furthermore, as with many other cancers, the likelihood of an individual being diagnosed with lymphoma increases markedly with age, with the median age at diagnosis being 67 years.

Aim of the Work
To compare between F-18-FDG PET-CT and whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging MR protocol (DWIBS) for initial staging and post chemotherapy evaluation in patients with pathologically proven lymphoma (Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin).

Patients and Methods
The study is conducted on 32 patients with pathologically proven lymphoma to perform 18-F-FDG PET/CT either for pre-treatment initial staging or for evaluation of response to chemotherapy. A total of 22 had HD (69%) and 10 had NHL (31%). Staging PET/CT and WB-MRI/DWIBS were done at time of diagnosis in 19 of the 32 patients (59.4%), where immediate post-therapy PET/CT and WB-MRI-DWIBS were performed 13 patients (40.6%). Accuracy measures were calculated for PET CT and DWIBS.

Results
Accuracy measures confirm the higher sensitivity and specificity of PET-CT over DWIBS. Results for F-18 FDG PET/CT were clearly superior with statistically higher sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV & NPV (96.3%, 99.16%, 98.43%, 97.5% and 98.75%) compared to (83.95%, 97.91%, 94.38%, 93.15% and 94.74%) for DWIBS results respectively.

Conclusion
F-18-FDG PET-CT remains a cornerstone in the evaluation of malignant lymphoma patients; it has significant higher sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy compared to WB-MRI/DWIBS in HL and NHL patients, either in initial staging or in post therapy evaluation. WB-MRI/DWIBS in HL and NHL patients, either in initial staging or in post therapy evaluation. WB-MRI/DWIBS despite of its relatively longer acquisition time may provide a complementary tool for FDG PET CT.
MRI Various Sequences in Evaluation of Hypervascular Hepatic Focal Lesions in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Maarouf Rania Aly , Fayed Mohamed Khairy Mohamed , Farouk Mohamed Amr , Barakat Mai Mokhtar Kamal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatic focal lesions may be benign or malignant and some of the hypervascular focal lesions may be benign. Therapy requires an accurate diagnosis, which in turn relies primarily on appropriate imaging and image-guided biopsy.

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to study the role of MRI in characterization of hypervascular hepatic focal lesions in cirrhotic patient on unenhanced, dynamic contrastenhanced and diffusion weighted MR images for better patient management plan.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted at Radiology department at Ain Shams University hospitals. About 70 patients were included (17 females & 53 males) and their age ranged from 14 to 87 years.

Results
DW MRI in the liver is a relative new and increasingly used imaging technique. It has the advantage that it can be obtained during a single breath-hold; it provides unique information that reflects tissue cellularity and organization. The ADC maps can also provide quantitative measurements of tissue water diffusibility, which can be used not only for disease assessment, but also for the evaluation of disease response to treatment.

Conclusion
Conventional MRI sequences combined with dynamic MRI and DWI provide further more accurate diagnoses for hepatic focal lesions, especially for hypervascular hepatic focal lesions which requires the necessity for injecting the contrast material and through the different pattern of enhancement and washout, we could be able to reach the definite diagnosis for these hepatic focal lesions and so stating management as early as possible which reflect on increasing the prognostic criteria for hepatic focal lesions.
Role of Recent Advances of Diffusion Weighted MRI in Assessment of Therapeutic Response of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Mohamed Yasser Ali , Zeid Ahmed Abdel Aziz Abo , Azab Enas Ahmed , Hussein Rasha Salah ElDin , Hassan Mona Ahmed Abo EL-ELa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim of the work
The purpose of this study is to determine the role of DWI-MRI in the pretreatment prediction and early response monitoring to neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer.

Materials and Methods
The study included 24 patients with pathologically proven cancer rectum and who were subjected to neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Each patient was imaged twice on an MRI machine; a base line pre neoadjuvant treatment and 8 weeks after finishing the neoadjuvant treatment. We focused on the feasibility of DWI as well as the morphological changes according to size (maximum craniocaudal dimension).Conventional sequences were viewed first to identify the lesion and measure its size (maximum craniocaudal dimension) then DWI images were viewed. The ADC parameter was calculated. Results were compared before and after neoadjuvant therapy.

Results
The ADC values before and after NACT were significantly higher in the responder group, suggesting that ADC values might be useful in assessing the good response before surgery.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that adding DW MR imaging to conventional MR imaging yields better diagnostic accuracy than use of conventional MR imaging alone in the evaluation of treatment response to neoadjuvant CRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Assessment of therapeutic response of lymphoma patients by PET/CT
Authors: Ahmed Aya Y , Nagi Mona A , Sheikh Radwa H. El 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Lymphoma compromises а histologically heterogeneous group of cancers derived from the cells of the immune system. The hallmark of the disease is the enlargement and proliferation of lymph nodes or secondary lymphoid tissues.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the role of Positron emission tomography in the assessment of response to therapy in lymphoma patients: in particular, a five-point scale (Deauville criteria), which can be employed for early- and late-therapeutic response assessment.

Patients and Methods
This cross sectional study was conducted on 20 Patients with different types of lymphoma recruited and enrolled from Ain Shams university hospital.

Results
PET/CT and Contrast enhanced computed tomography were concurrent in results in 55% of cases during treatment and 75 % at the end of treatment with CT sensitivity of 61.1%, specificity of 92.2% and accuracy of 76.2% during treatment in comparison to 100 % sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT.While sensitivity of CT at end of treatment is 57.5% with specificity of 86.7% and accuracy of 71.6%.

Conclusion
PET/СT using 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose is considered one of the best oncologic imaging modality at the time being with valuable applications in lymphoma.It is very efficient with least possible pitfalls and false results compared to either of its components alone and to side by side reading of separately acquired PET and СT. It is becoming а standard modality for lymphoma providing а new vision to management and treatment plan.
High Resolution Ultrasound of the Tibial Nerve in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Metwally Eman Soliman , Ali Khaled Ahmed Mohamed , Abdel-Baqy Reham Shaaban Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The main role of this study was to highlight the value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the diagnosis of nerve affection in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This was evident by the significant correlation between cross sectional area and all study parameters with sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 100% respectively.

Objectives
Our study aims to highlight the value of newer ultrasound imaging techniques in identifying morphological changes of the tibial nerve in the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Patients and Methods
During a period of ten months duration started in November 2019, 40 subjects were enrolled in this study. 20 diabetic patients with clinical manifestations of DPN had undergone nerve conduction study of both lower limbs then compared to 20 healthy control subjects as regard the ultrasound examination of TN bilaterally. The study was conducted according to the stipulations of the ASU ethical and scientific committee. The privacy of participants and confidentiality of data were guaranteed during the various phases of the study.

Results
We found that the cross sectional area (CSA) in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is significantly larger than the healthy controls. A positive significant correlation was found between CSA and duration of diabetes, HbA1c% and tibial nerve (TN) latency while a negative significant correlation was found with TN amplitude and conduction velocity.

Conclusion
Despite giving significantly larger values in cases than controls, MTNF was found to non-significantly correlated with all studied parameters. In view of the above data, CSA can be adopted as a reliable screening and diagnostic tool for DPN but further work-up is needed to assess its role in the follow up of the disease process. On the other hand, MTNF can be used for description of the morphological changes in a diabetic nerve.
Real time ultrasound tissue Elastography in post-hepatitis chronic liver disease; role, limitations and pitfalls
Authors: Diaa Noha M , Nasr Merhan A , Mohamed Mohamed M , Radwan Shimaa M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Assessment of liver fibrosis stage is important in determining the prognosis and treatment strategy in chronic liver diseases. To overcome the limitations of liver biopsy, great efforts have been made to develop and validate non-invasive methods for detecting liver fibrosis, including serological indicators and imaging methods. Among these noninvasive methods, ultrasound-based elastography techniques are increasingly employed to assess parenchymal stiffness. Real-time transient elastography is most accurate one of them and rapidly evolving technique that can reveal the elastic properties of tissues, and display it as real time images. This technique can avoid unnecessary invasive liver biopsy.

Patients and methods
This descriptive study was done on 20 chronic
HCV patients as diagnosed by seropositivity for HCV antibodies and HCV RNA by PCR, Patients were recruited from police hospitals outpatient clinics to find an alternative method to assess liver fibrosis.

Results
showed highly significant agreement between fibroscan scores and biopsy results (p value was &lt; 0.001), the identification of patients with significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) “F2, 3, 4” We reported that the cut off level of significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) assessed by the METAVIR scoring system was 10.2 kpa, with sensitivity 86.7 % and specificity 80 %. However, cut-off level of 13.8 kpa for the detection of cirrhosis (F4) with an area under the ROC of 0.913, and a very high sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 90.1% and specificity 85.7%).

Conclusion
Transient Elastography is an easy and quick clinical non-invasive method to perform. Results are available immediately, and this technique is accurate in predicting significant fibrosis ≥f2. Hence, Transient Elastography could be useful not only to evaluate liver fibrosis as to monitor liver disease progression, but also to monitor anti-viral or antifibrotic therapy effects and to help taking decisions in daily clinical practice.