bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy Activated by Atg1 Interacts With Atg9 Promotes Biofilm Formation and Resistance of Candida albicans
Authors: Huang Yun , Yu Shenjun , Liu Siqi , Zhao Xiao , Chen Xueyi , Wei Xin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAutophagy regulates the development of Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilms and their sensitivity to antifungals. Atg1, a serine/threonine protein kinase, recruits autophagy‐related proteins for autophagosome formation. Atg9, the only transmembrane protein, is phosphorylated by Atg1 during autophagy. The specific roles of Atg1 and Atg9 in biofilm formation and resistance of C. albicans remain unclear. The study used RT‐qPCR and Western blotting to assess the correlation between Atg1, Atg9 and biofilm formation, XTT reduction assays to evaluate biofilm formation and antifungal resistance, commercial kits to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and autophagy activity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the morphological changes, protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis to analyze the interaction between Atg1 and Atg9. Results demonstrated that Atg1 and Atg9 were highly expressed in biofilms than planktonic cells. Biofilm formation, antifungal resistance, MMP and autophagy activity decreased and ROS increased in atg1Δ/Δ and atg9Δ/Δ. TORC1 inhibition with rapamycin rescued the reduced biofilm formation of atg1Δ/Δ and increased antifungal resistance of atg1Δ/Δ and atg9Δ/Δ. PPI analysis and TEM observation indicated that Atg1 interacted with Atg9, which was certified by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. This study suggested that Atg1 interacts with Atg9, activates the autophagy regulating the formation and sensitivity of C. albicans biofilms.
Different Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated With Heatwaves Over Northeastern Siberia in July and August
Authors: Zhou Xiling , Sato Tomonori , Li Shixue 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlobally, heatwaves have become more frequent over recent decades. Summer Siberian heatwaves have received less attention, even though ecosystems are vulnerable to high temperatures. This study investigates and compares the atmospheric circulation patterns associated with northeastern Siberian heatwaves in July and August. The results suggest a strong teleconnection between eastern Europe and northeastern Siberia, similar to the British–Okhotsk Corridor pattern, along a strengthened polar jet when frequent heatwaves occur in July. However, this teleconnection is less clear in northeastern Siberia in August due to weak Rossby wave activity linked to the waveguide effect. Instead, the formation of northeastern Siberian heatwaves in August is related to abnormally low pressure over the Arctic, as supported by a linear baroclinic model experiment. Additionally, the abnormally high pressure over northeastern Siberia may influence weather in the northwestern Pacific. These findings enhance the current understanding of summer Siberian heatwaves, suggesting their connection to Arctic atmospheric circulation and their importance for subseasonal weather predictions in the northwestern Pacific.
Exploring soil erosion in the lake basins of Michoacán, Mexico: From sediment cores to conservation policies
Authors: Aguilera Lara Jahzeel , Metcalfe SARAH E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding soil erosion, its history and links to potential drivers such as land use (particularly agriculture and deforestation), different cultural perspectives and climate change are crucial for the development of effective management and conservation strategies. Here, we explore soil erosion in two lake basins, Pátzcuaro and Zirahuen, in the highlands of Michoacán, Mexico, weaving together scientific enquiry (including lake sediment studies and monitoring data) and cultural–historical perspectives based on documentary sources. Both lake basins are within the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, lying at >2000 m a.s.l. Pátzcuaro is large, but shallow, while Zirahuen is smaller, but deep. Archaeological evidence for long‐term human occupation is clearer for Pátzcuaro. Pátzcuaro is known for severe degradation of both the catchment and the lake, while Zirahuen has, until recently, been regarded as less disturbed. The relative impacts of pre‐Hispanic and post‐Hispanic practices have been the subject of debates across the disciplines and have impacted approaches to conservation, particularly attitudes to indigenous land use practices. Palaeoenvironmental records highlight human impact on these basins, often expressed as periods of accelerated erosion in response to forest clearance, over at least 3500 years. This shows that neither can be regarded as pristine and were not pristine at the time of the Conquest. As well as responding to varying intensities of land use, often linked to population change, erosion relates to climate, but is also affected by cultural and socio‐economic contexts and discourses. Historical documents show that concerns about deforestation and erosion have influenced the development of forest conservation policies, in the context of government reforms, tensions between agricultural expansion and forest conservation, and the growth of scientific research in limnology. These policies have also been shaped by changing cultural discourses regarding indigenous land management practices. The value of taking an holistic approach to understanding erosion is emphasized.
Harvest management and mast abundance affect black bear harvest demographics in the United States
Authors: Kluge Nathan P. , Sartini Cady E. , Sedinger Benjamin S. , Barringer Brian C. , Hygnstrom Scott E. , Tri Andrew N. , Denryter Kristin A. , Carpenter Colin P. , Olfenbuttel Colleen , Carrollo Emily M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAmerican black bear (Ursus americanus) populations are abundant across many parts of the United States and provide diverse hunting experiences for thousands of outdoor enthusiasts annually. We must understand factors that influence harvest vulnerability of black bears to effectively set harvest quotas, manage hunter harvest, and meet management objectives. Hard mast, such as acorns, makes up a large portion of a black bear's autumn diet throughout much of their range and the abundance of mast can alter the annual vulnerability of bears to hunting. Across the United States, various methods are used to dictate harvest, some of which allow hunting with the aid of dogs or bait. We used historical data from 2000‒2020 on acorn production and black bear harvest from California, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, USA, to investigate the influence that acorn production, harvest methods, season structure, and bear density had on autumn bear harvest. When acorn production was high there was a lower number of bears harvested, median age of harvested females, and proportion of the harvested bears that were females. Use of bait increased harvest of adult female bears when acorn production was low, whereas use of dogs increased harvest of adult female bears when acorn production was high. Hunting seasons that started later in the year resulted in a lower proportion of the harvested bears that were female and young bears. Total number and number of young bears harvested were positively related to density of bear hunting licenses issued. Depending on the bear population and existing regulations, these results can be used by managers to better align harvest of black bears with management objectives by adjusting the density of available licenses, the overall season length, or allowing use of bait and dogs to increase harvest.
Bilateral Lesions in Parkinson's Disease: Gaps and Controversies
Authors: Rodriguez‐Oroz Maria C. , Martínez‐Fernández Raúl , Lipsman Nir , Horisawa Shiro , Moro Elena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBilateral lesions of the basal ganglia using termocoagulation or radiation for improving tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been performed starting several decades ago, especially when levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery were not available. However, because of unclear additional benefit compared to unilateral lesion, and particularly to the evidence of increased adverse events occurrence, bilateral lesions were basically abandoned at the end of the 20th century. Therefore, bilateral DBS has become the standard procedure to treat PD. Magnetic resonance imaging‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an emerging incisionless technique used to produce therapeutic brain ablation. The positive experiences of unilateral MRgFUS ablation for PD, along with the preliminary favorable outcomes of bilateral thalamic MRgFUS for essential tremor, raise the possibility to eventually reintroduce bilateral lesioning in the management of PD motor features. This possibility has so far only been tested in a few small studies. This article reviews the evidence of bilateral lesioning of the basal ganglia to treat PD, and elaborates on current gaps, controversies, and perspectives of the different available neurosurgical procedures and specifically of MRgFUS ablation. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Phospholipase PlcH is involved in the secretion of cell wall glycoproteins and contributes to the host immune response of Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Hao Jinbin , Guo Yin , Zhou Hui , Ouyang Haomiao , Yang Jinghua , Fang Wenxia , Jin Cheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is one of the conserved posttranslational modifications in eukaryotes that attach proteins to the plasma membrane. In fungi, in addition to plasma membrane GPI‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs), some GPI‐APs are specifically released from the cell membrane, secreted into the cell wall, and covalently linked to cell wall glucans as GPI‐anchored cell wall proteins (GPI‐CWPs). However, it remains unclear how fungal cells specifically release GPI‐CWPs from their membranes. In this study, phospholipase PlcH was identified and confirmed as a phospholipase C that hydrolyzes phosphate ester bonds to release GPI‐APs from the membrane of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Deletion of the plcH gene led to abnormal conidiation, polar abnormality, and increased sensitivity to antifungal drugs. In an immunocompromised mouse model, the ΔplcH mutant showed an attenuated inflammatory response and increased macrophage killing compared with the wild type. Biochemical and proteomic analyses revealed that PlcH was involved in the localization of various cell wall GPI‐APs and contributed to the cell wall integrity. Our results demonstrate that PlcH can specifically recognize and release GPI‐CWPs from the cell membrane, which represents a newly discovered secretory pathway of GPI‐CWPs in A. fumigatus.
Design of TMLAA for the Utilization of Radiated Harmonic Beam Over Digital Modulation Schemes
Authors: Varma D. Suneel , Ram Gopi , Kumar G. Arun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis work presents the effective steering of multi‐harmonic beams of a time‐modulated linear antenna array (TMLAA) for multi‐channel communication. A classroom learning‐inspired Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) is utilized for active duration optimization of the 16‐element TMLAA for harmonic steering. The simulation study employing the optimization technique effectively steered the first two harmonic beams with enhanced radiated power and considerable Sidelobe level (SLL) below . Further, for practical validation, the measurement of the fabricated prototype is presented for one scenario. Finally, the use of harmonic beams for the communication links is validated by measuring the bit error rate (BER) of the considered digitally modulated scheme.
Closely Placed Single‐Layer Patch Antenna Array With Self‐Decoupling Using Hybrid Modes
Authors: Li Lei , Wu ZiLiang , Xie ShaoRui , Xiao YuXuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a novel single‐layer patch antenna is presented, designed to excite dual resonant modes for bandwidth expansion. By arranging these elements into an array, the mutual coupling between them is effectively suppressed by exploiting their inherent modes. This design strategy effectively suppresses mutual coupling in the antenna array without the need for additional decoupling structures. Instead, modifications in the physical placement of closely spaced antenna elements achieve high isolation. Within −10 dB of impedance bandwidth, an isolation greater than 25 dB is achieved by the array, with an antenna profile of 0.017 λ0. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate a strong correlation, affirming the design's effectiveness. The antenna array is capable of operating within the n78 band from 3.34 to 3.48 GHz, characterized by advantages such as high radiation efficiency, high isolation, and a low profile.
Accuracy of 3D printing template‐assisted CT‐guided radioactive iodine‐125 seed implantation for peripheral locally recurrent rectal cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Xuemin , Wang Hao , Jiang Yuliang , Ji Zhe , Sun Haitao , Fan Jinghong , Li Weiyan , Wang Junjie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the accuracy of needle insertion and dosimetric parameters in three‐dimensional printing template (3D‐PT)‐assisted computed tomography (CT)‐guided radioactive iodine‐125 (125I) seed implantation (RISI) for the treatment of peripheral locally recurrent rectal cancer (pLRRC).Materials and methodsA total of 37 patients with pLRRC who underwent 3D‐assisted CT‐guided RISI treatment at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2016 and November 2019 were included in this study. All patients underwent preoperative assessment, CT simulation positioning, preoperative plan design, 3D template printing, 3D template reduction, needle and seed implantation, postoperative dosimetry evaluation, postoperative care, and regular follow‐up. The preoperative and postoperative needle position, angle, and tip distance were compared. The dosimetric parameters, including D90 (the dose to 90% of the target volume), D100, V100 (the volume receives 100% of the prescribed dose), V150, V200, conformal index (CI), external index (EI), and homogeneity index (HI), were compared among preoperative plan, intraoperative plan, and postoperative plan. The perioperative complications were assessed.ResultsThe total number of needles was 595. The depths of needle insertion in preoperative and intraoperative plans were 109.87 ± 1.33 mm and 108.46 ± 1.26 mm, respectively, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). The angles of needle insertion in preoperative and intraoperative plans were (93.55 ± 2.05)° and (92.04 ± 1.99)°, respectively, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). The average deviation of the needle insertion distance was 1.99 ± 0.08 mm. There were no differences in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters, including D90, D100, V100, V150, V200, CI, EI, and HI. All patients were closely followed up during the perioperative period (from seven days before surgery to seven days after surgery). No patients experienced severe perioperative complications. A total of eight patients (21.6%) experienced grade 1−2 complications. Among all patients, six individuals (16.2%) experienced pain, one patient (2.7%) had a fever, and one patient (2.7%) suffered from a hemorrhage. All patients recovered after conservative treatment.ConclusionThe needle insertion in 3D‐PT‐assisted CT‐guided RISI showed good accuracy for treating pLRRC.
Risdiplam in Adult Patients With 5q Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Single‐Center Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gavriilaki Maria , Moschou Maria , Pagiantza Maria , Arnaoutoglou Marianthi , Kimiskidis Vasilios 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsRisdiplam was the first orally administered drug approved to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Efficacy in adults is based on short‐term observational studies. This longitudinal study aimed to examine risdiplam's efficacy and safety in adults over a long period of follow‐up.MethodsAll eligible SMA patients ≥ 16 years old, followed at the Muscular Dystrophy Association Hellas Neuromuscular Diseases Unit between April 2021 and December 2023, were included. We prospectively evaluated motor function, muscle strength, and pulmonary function before and after 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months of treatment. Laboratory assessments and patient‐reported adverse events were recorded.ResultsOverall, 14 patients (18–57 years, 93% treatment‐naive) received risdiplam for a median period of 28.5 months (range 6–30). There were statistically significant improvements in the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale–Expanded (mean difference [MD] 1.5 [95%CI 0.49–2.42]), Revised Upper Limb Module (MD 1.6 [95%CI 0.54–2.73]), Motor Function Measurement‐32 (MD 2.7[95%CI 1.52–3.93]), Medical Research Council scores of the upper (MD 3 [95%CI 0.8–5.2]), and lower (MD 1.7 [95%CI 0.1–3.3]) limbs (all p ≤ 0.05). Eighty‐two percent of patients achieved a clinically meaningful improvement (CMI) in at least one scale. Overall, CMI occurred earlier in type 3 patients. SMA functional rating scale and respiratory function tests remained stable over time. Fifty‐seven percent of patients did not report any adverse events. None discontinued treatment.DiscussionRisdiplam treatment over 30 months resulted in overall CMI in most treated adult SMA type 2 or 3 patients. Outpatient drug administration and overall patient management proved feasible and safe. Larger studies are warranted.
Exploring Drug Repurposing for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: Defining Novel Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Inal‐Gültekin Güldal , Çetin Zeliha , Mangır Naşide 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a debilitating pain condition of unknown etiology. Effective therapies for this condition could not have been developed in the last century. Drug repurposing is a practical strategy for enhancing patient access to successful therapies. It is an approach for discovering novel applications for licensed or investigational pharmaceuticals that extend beyond the initial medical indication. This work aims to identify repurposable medications through bioinformatics to discover potential drugs or compounds that can reverse the IC/BPS disease signature.Methods and MaterialThe analysis involved examining the differentially expressed genes in IC/BPS patients with two distinct disease phenotypes (Hunner's lesion disease, non‐Hunner's lesion disease) and controls using the datasets GSE11783, GSE28242, and GSE57560. The goal was to assess the reversal of the disease signature on the L1000CDS2 and cMAP platforms.ResultsTwenty‐one compounds were repurposed, consisting of 11 small molecules, 10 chemical compounds, 3 natural products, and 6 FDA‐approved drugs, currently used for clinical indications such as cancer, myelofibrosis, and diabetes.DiscussionBioinformatics can be useful for identifying therapeutic agents for IC/BPS by accessing and processing big data on molecular and cellular levels. Prospective in vivo experiments must validate repurposed drugs. The expansion of large‐scale genome sequencing, gene expression studies, and clinical data for IC/BPS will improve successful drug selection.
Dual Perturbation Method for Spectral Solution of Block‐Posed Harmonic Problems
Authors: Lau Stephen R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe present a new direct (or quasi‐direct) strategy for solving the three‐dimensional Poisson and Helmholtz problems posed on a Cartesian block subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. Our approach starts with a spectral approximation of either problem involving modal Chebyshev integration matrices. With the number of Chebyshev modes associated with each of the coordinate directions, the total number of modes is . The relevant complexities for our base methods are then similar to certain classical methods; in particular, a set‐up cost scaling like and, thereafter, an solve cost. The memory storage for our approach is and involves no hierarchical data formats. Our approaches exhibit spectral accuracy and are empirically well‐conditioned. We describe acceleration via the introduction of an iterative element. This acceleration yields a method with an set‐up cost, followed by a sub‐quadratic solve complexity seen empirically to also be . The concluding section remarks on possible further acceleration (not established), targeting set‐up and solve costs.
Patient Experiences and Prerequisites of Collaboration as Partners in Person‐Centred Care: An Interview Study
Authors: Rosenlund Lena , Jakobsson Sofie , Lloyd Helen , Diffner Anna , Lundgren‐Nilsson Åsa , Dencker Anna 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore what characterises communication and collaboration within a patient and professional partnership in outpatient care settings garnered from the experiences of persons living with long‐term conditions.DesignA qualitative descriptive study design.MethodsSemi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with 15 persons with long‐term condition/s who experienced outpatient treatment or follow‐up care. Data were explored through inductive thematic analysis. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsThe analysis revealed five themes: adapting and self‐managing in daily life, handling and carrying information, building trust and continuity, acting in a flexible and transparent dialogue and sharing the way forward. The participants described their personal and informal resources, and their actions to take control and manage health and well‐being. A person‐centred approach, sharing of knowledge and communication skills enabled the development of trust in the healthcare providers and their treatment and care. Communication was facilitated through availability, shared documentation, continuity and coordination of care. Collaboration was described as a flexible dialogue with mutual trust and transparency, shared learning and problem‐solving. Sharing the way forward was a process, alongside and important to the life‐changing process to cope with the illness.ConclusionsPrerequisites for the collaboration in outpatient settings were availability, continuity and a healthcare system that acknowledged, empowered and adapted to patients' health status, resources, everyday life and a patient's coping processes to manage their disease. For a co‐created, person‐centred outpatient care, it is important to acknowledge and/or collaborate with the patient's team of other healthcare providers and informal caregivers.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study contributes to better understanding of patient preferences and prerequisites how to work in partnership and how to develop future services and person‐centred care for persons living with long‐term conditions.Patient and Public ContributionPatients included in this study were participants during the data collection process.