bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the resilience of the human salivary microbiota by a 520 days longitudinal study in confined environment: the Mars500 mission
Authors: Fani Renato , Bacci Giovanni , Mengoni Alessio , Emiliani Giovanni , Chiellini Carolina , Cipriani Edoardo Giovanni , Bianconi Giovanna , Canganella Francesco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The human microbiota plays several roles in health and disease but is often difficult to determine which part is in intimate relationships with the host vs. the occasional presence. During the Mars500 mission, six crewmembers lived completely isolated from the outer world for 520 days following standardized diet regimes. The mission constitutes the first spaceflight simulation to Mars and was a unique experiment to determine, in a longitudinal study design, the composition and importance of the resident vs. a more variable microbiota—the fraction of the human microbiota that changes in time and according to environmental conditions—in humans.Methods Here we report the characterization of the salivary microbiota from 88 samples taken during and after Mars500 mission for a total of 720 days. Amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was performed and results were analyzed monitoring the diversity of the microbiota while evaluating the effect of the three main variables present in the experimental system: time, diet, and individuality of each subject.Results Results, showed statistically significant effects for either time, diet, and individuality of each subject. The main contribution came from the individuality of each subject, emphasizing salivary microbiota personalized features and an individual-based resilience of the microbiota.Conclusions The uniqueness of Mars500 mission, allowed to clearly dissect the environmental variables of salivary microbiota, highlighting its pronounced personalization even after sharing the same physical space for more than a year.
Oral Propranolol in Von Hippel Lindau Ocular Affection
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ BEATRIZ , GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ MARIA , RAMÍREZ NATALIA BEJARANO , ESCRIBANO ROSA MARÍA JIMÉNEZ , CALVO FRANCISCO JAVIER REDONDO 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose. von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease is a familiar syndrome associated with benign and malignant tumors. These tumors appear in the retina, cerebellum, spinal cord, and kidney. Retinal hemangioblastomas are one of the earliest and most frequent manifestations of this entity, and they can lead to blindness at a young age. Propranolol could be a promising treatment for retinal hemangioblastomas in von Hippel Lindau disease. Methods. Prospective cohort study. Seven patients with VHL disease and ocular affection that had rejected conventional treatment were included. Prospective analysis of seven patients was performed. We evaluated them for three years, with a complete ophthalmic evaluation that included: visual acuity, intraocular pressure, an examination of the anterior segment of the eye, fundoscopy, retinography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Heart rate and blood pressure on each patient were also measured. During the follow-up evaluation, two patients discontinued the treatment with propranolol after the first year and rejected any further treatment for their ocular affection; the rest continued therapy for the three years. Results: Visual acuity and tumor areas remained stable in 4 patients. Increased and new retinal exudation area was found in the two patients that discontinued the treatment with oral propranolol. Conclusions: Oral propranolol has shown a role in the reabsorption of retinal exudates in patients with von Hippel Lindau affection. It could delay or stabilize the ocular disease, maintaining visual acuity, and avoiding further complications in these patients. It is a well-known and available drug, without so many secondary effects, that could also have a role in other ocular diseases that course with exudation.
Bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water in Kobo town, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Sitotaw Baye , Nigus Molla 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite drinking water supply in Kobo town is from a borehole through pipes, a high incidence of waterborne diseases are frequently reported. Hence, this study aimed to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical drinking water quality in Kobo town. One hundred and twenty water samples were collected from four sampling sites (the source, reservoir, taps, and households' containers) from February to April 2020. Total and fecal coliforms were counted from the water samples using membrane filtration while selected physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods. The mean counts of total and fecal coliforms ranged from 3.9 to 22.9 and 1 to 13.6 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Hence, all water samples did not satisfy the WHO guidelines and national standards. There were statistically significant differences in the coliform counts between the different sampling sites, and the counts were significantly higher in the taps and households' containers compared to the counts in the source and reservoir (p &lt; 0.05). All physicochemical parameters, except for temperature, were within the recommended acceptable limits. High coliform count in the water system demands proper maintenance of the distribution line and good hygiene practices at household level to improve the microbiological quality of drinking water in Kobo town.
Informal Caregiving for People with Dementia and Women’s Health: A
Gender-based Assessment of Studies on Resilience
Authors: Whitten Lori 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Most informal caregivers are females. Females experience greater caregiver
burden than males, including negative health consequences. Some caregivers show
resilience—i.e., maintain physical and mental health and usual functioning—despite experiencing
high burden. Examining the factors that contribute to resilience and the gender differences among
caregivers of people with dementia are burgeoning areas of research with implications for women’s
health research and practice.

Objective:
To conduct a literature review about the resilience among caregivers of people with dementia
(PWD), focusing on self-generated processes, and to assess the extent to which studies reported
gender information.

Methods:
The U.S. National Library of Medicine PubMed database was searched for empirical
studies on resilience among informal caregivers of people with dementia published between January
1, 2017 and April 7, 2020 and the retrieved abstracts screened using predetermined criteria.
Out of 209 unique records screened, 41 were assessed for eligibility and 27 were reviewed.

Results:
All 27 studies reported participant gender distribution (average 71% female, 29% male).
Most studies (n=23) included both genders, and nine (39%) conducted a gender-based analysis of
their results. Five categories of resilience-related processes emerged—(1) caregiver experiences,
(2) coping strategies, (3) preserving the relationship with care recipients, (4) social support, and (5)
specific individual processes—with some gender differences.

Conclusion:
Although the studies reviewed reported the gender distribution of participants and included
men and women, many did not analyze the results by gender. When analyzed, some resilience-
related processes differed by gender, pointing to areas for future research.
In Vivo Antitumor, Pharmacological and Toxicological Study of Pyrimido[ 4′,5′:4,5] thieno(2,3-b)quinoline with 9-hydroxy-4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) and 8-methoxy-4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) Substitutions
Authors: Kiran Kumar Hulihalli N. , Rohit Kumar Heggodu G. , Khandagale Ajay S. , Advirao Gopal M. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
We previously synthesized two DNA intercalative Pyrimido[4’,5’:4,5]thieno(2,3-b)
quinolines (PTQ), 9-hydroxy-4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino)pyrimido[4’,5’:4,5]thieno(2,3-b) quinolines (Hydroxy-
DPTQ) and 8-methoxy-4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) pyrimido[4’,5’:4,5]thieno(2,3-b) quinolines
(Methoxy-DPTQ), and reported their cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines.

Methods:
In the present study, we sought to analyze the antitumor activity of Hydroxy-DPTQ and Methoxy-DPTQ
on Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma in vivo models, along with other pharmacological activities and toxicity.

Results:
In this study, both the test molecules studied possess potent in vivo antitumor activity without any hematological,
biochemical or nephrotoxicity. Significant tumor regression was observed after treatment with
both the test molecules, which is suggested by the decrease in the bodyweight of tumour-bearing mice. Mean
survival time of mice with tumor was increased from 16 days to 25 and 29 days after 40 and 80 mg/kg Hydroxy-
DPTQ treatment, respectively, with a similar result for Methoxy-DPTQ. A dose-dependent increase in lifespan
up to 80-85% was also displayed by both Hydroxy-DPTQ and Methoxy-DPTQ. Reduction in the tumor volume
of mice, upon treatment with molecules also confirmed their antitumor activity. These molecules also exhibited
pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Administration
of Hydroxy-DPTQ and Methoxy-DPTQ not only reduced the level of lipid peroxidation in tumor bearing
mice but also restored the superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase levels to normal, substantiating the
antioxidant property. Also, treatment of Hydroxy-DPTQ and Methoxy-DPTQ inhibited the pain to approximately
60-80% and 19-33%, respectively. Further, the treatment with Hydroxy-DPTQ and Methoxy-DPTQ reversed
the abnormality in the RBC, WBC and haemoglobin levels, and gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.

Conclusion :
Hydroxy-DPTQ and Methoxy-DPTQ are good antitumor molecules with pharmacological properties.
Content in YouTube Videos for Rosacea: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Basch Corey H , Laforet Priscila E , Hillyer Grace C , Seidel Erica J , Jaime Christie 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundRosacea is an inflammatory skin disease that is chronic in nature. In addition to the physical symptoms, there are substantial quality of life issues that patients with rosacea experience, largely due to the visible nature in which rosacea manifests.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe the content related to rosacea in highly viewed English- and Spanish-language videos on YouTube.MethodsWe coded identifying information for each video and categories including characteristics of rosacea, clinical solutions, and alternative solutions. The 100 YouTube videos examined were viewed 18.5 million times between 2006 and 2020, and 57.3% (10,652,665/18,592,742) of these views were of consumer videos.ResultsVideos posted by consumers more often promoted or were trying to sell a product or procedure (32/55, 58% of consumers vs 10/31, 32% of medical professionals and 4/14, 29% of television, internet, news, or entertainment sources; P=.03) and more frequently mentioned the use of makeup or other ways to cover up rosacea (30/55, 55% of consumers vs 6/31, 19% of medical professionals and 2/14, 14% of television, internet, news, or entertainment sources; P<.001). Videos sourced from medical professionals more often mentioned medication (17/31, 55%) than videos uploaded by consumers (14/55, 25%) or TV, internet, news, or entertainment sources (3/14, 21%) (P=.01).ConclusionsGiven that rosacea is experienced differently for each person, consumer advice that works for one individual may not work for another. There is a need for reliable videos on rosacea to emphasize this and clarify misconceptions.
GEOMETRIA DE TRAÇOS E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES AOS ESTUDOS FONOLÓGICOS
Authors: Soares Eliane Pereira Machado 
Published: February 2021

Ao longo de seu desenvolvimento, a Fonologia vem apresentando diferentes abordagens, para a interpretação dos sistemas sonoros das línguas e dos processos fonológicos, que abrangem os chamados modelos lineares e os não lineares. O primeiro deles, o modelo fonêmico, de base estruturalista. Os segundos desdobramentos do modelo clássico ou a Fonologia clássica ou ainda Fonologia Gerativa Padrão tratada por N. Chomsky e Halle, em The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), de 1968. A obra inaugurou os estudos voltados para os processos fonológicos das línguas, para os quais procuram formular regras, cujos desdobramentos podem ser apontados em teorias fonológicas atuais. A descrição e análise dos sons de uma língua e os processos fonológicos são de grande interesse para essas fonologias, dentre as quais a Fonologia de Geometria de Traços, de Clements e Hume (1995). Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma reflexão sobre essa teoria e suas contribuições para a fonologia atual.
OXÍMORON PER EXCEL·LÈNCIA EN ELS TEXTOS DE CHIARA LUBICH
Authors: Amparo  
Published: February 2021

Nei testi di Chiara Lubich si trovano figure letterarie della famiglia dell’antitesi, il paradosso, l’ossimoro, tra cui l’espressione “Gesù Abbandonato”, cioè l’immagine di Gesù che in croce grida l’abbandono del Padre. In questo articolo si intende aproffondire la forza concettuale di questo sintagma, che consideriamo l’ossimoro per eccellenza della Lubich.
Si inizia con una serie di precisazioni terminologiche, prendendo i dizionari di riferimento delle lingue di uso dell’autrice: catalano, spagnolo, italiano.
Si prosegue con l’analisi del sintagma “Gesù Abbandonato” e il suo carattere ossimorico, d’accordo con le definizioni viste precedentemente. Per continuare l’approfondimente si inserisce un testo di Chiara Lubich in cui sembra che lei, per sviscerare il senso dell’ossimoro “Gesù Abbandonato”, ricorra al linguaggio antitetico in una carrellata di tante nuove contrapposizioni. Questo brano corrisponde ai capoversi 594-596 del Paradiso’49, corpus di scritti della Lubich, ancora inedito come tale insieme. Il brano preso in considerazzione è stato pubblicato però in diverse occasioni e per questo articolo si prende il seguente riferimento bibligrafico: C. Lubich, Gesù abbandonato, a cura di Hubertus Blaumeiser, Città Nuova, Roma 2016, pp 55-56.
Dopo questa analisi, due conclusioni si possono cogliere dalle idee descritte dalla Lubich nel brano: Gesù Abbandonato è tutto, quindi ci stano dentro tutte le opposizioni dualistiche; Gesù Abbandonato non è mai uguale: è una tale cosa ed anche la contraria ed anche un’altra diversa, coinvolgendo le sfumature di mezzo, superando in questo modo anche gli antagonismi a due.
L’articolo prosegue azzardando di esporre che la comprensione di questo ossimoro per eccelenza offre anche una chiave di lettura per interpretare le vicende del mondo odierno, così pieno di contrasti. In questo senso si fa dei riferimenti –tra l’altro– ai discorsi delle Lectio magistralis per le lauree h.c. a Chiara Lubich in teologia a Manila e in filosofia a Città del Messico, in cui si riferisce a Gesù Abbandonato come “il Dio del nostro tempo”, “il Dio di oggi”.
Contestualizzando l’articolo al momento storico che si vive nel 2020, a causa dell’emergenza mondiale del COVID-19, se ne fa riferimento, stabilendo una connessione tra le antitesi del testo della Lubich e quanto viviamo ancora oggi per via della pandemia.
Per concludere, dopo tutta l’esposizione, ci si domanda se questo “ossimoro per eccellenza” può contribuire in qualche modo a risanare tutte le ferite que attanagliano l’umanità odierna, e per darne una risposta si prende un testo della Lubich in cui, stabilendo un’identificazione tra Gesù Abbandonato e “ogni fratello sofferente”, getta ponti di luce e speranza tra gli opposti più scottanti.
Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring With a Computerized Insulin Infusion Protocol for Critically Ill Patients in a COVID-19 Medical ICU: Proof of Concept
Authors: Davis Georgia M. , Faulds Eileen , Walker Tara , Vigliotti Debbie , Rabinovich Marina , Hester Joi , Peng Limin , McLean Barbara , Hannon Patricia , Poindexter Norma , Saunders Petrena , Perez-Guzman Citlalli , Tekwani Seema S. , Martin Greg S. , Umpierrez Guillermo , Agarwal Shivani , Dungan Kathleen , Pasquel Francisco J. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
The use of remote real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the hospital has rapidly emerged to preserve personal protective equipment and reduce potential exposures during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We linked a hybrid CGM and point-of-care (POC) glucose testing protocol to a computerized decision support system for continuous insulin infusion and integrated a validation system for sensor glucose values into the electronic health record. We report our proof-of-concept experience in a COVID-19 intensive care unit.

RESULTS
All nine patients required mechanical ventilation and corticosteroids. During the protocol, 75.7% of sensor values were within 20% of the reference POC glucose with an associated average reduction in POC of 63%. Mean time in range (70–180 mg/dL) was 71.4 ± 13.9%. Sensor accuracy was impacted by mechanical interferences in four patients.

CONCLUSIONS
A hybrid protocol integrating real-time CGM and POC is helpful for managing critically ill patients with COVID-19 requiring insulin infusion.
Impact of Type 1 Diabetes in the Developing Brain in Children: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mauras Nelly , Buckingham Bruce , White Neil H. , Tsalikian Eva , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Jo Booil , Cato Allison , Fox Larry A. , Aye Tandy , Arbelaez Ana Maria , Hershey Tamara , Tansey Michael , Tamborlane William , Foland-Ross Lara C. , Shen Hanyang , Englert Kimberly , Mazaika Paul , Marzelli Matthew , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether previously observed brain and cognitive differences between children with type 1 diabetes and control subjects without diabetes persist, worsen, or improve as children grow into puberty and whether differences are associated with hyperglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
One hundred forty-four children with type 1 diabetes and 72 age-matched control subjects without diabetes (mean ± SD age at baseline 7.0 ± 1.7 years, 46% female) had unsedated MRI and cognitive testing up to four times over 6.4 ± 0.4 (range 5.3–7.8) years; HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring were done quarterly. FreeSurfer-derived brain volumes and cognitive metrics assessed longitudinally were compared between groups using mixed-effects models at 6, 8, 10, and 12 years. Correlations with glycemia were performed.

RESULTS
Total brain, gray, and white matter volumes and full-scale and verbal intelligence quotients (IQs) were lower in the diabetes group at 6, 8, 10, and 12 years, with estimated group differences in full-scale IQ of −4.15, −3.81, −3.46, and −3.11, respectively (P &lt; 0.05), and total brain volume differences of −15,410, −21,159, −25,548, and −28,577 mm3 at 6, 8, 10, and 12 years, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Differences at baseline persisted or increased over time, and brain volumes and cognitive scores negatively correlated with a life-long HbA1c index and higher sensor glucose in diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Detectable changes in brain volumes and cognitive scores persist over time in children with early-onset type 1 diabetes followed longitudinally; these differences are associated with metrics of hyperglycemia. Whether these changes can be reversed with scrupulous diabetes control requires further study. These longitudinal data support the hypothesis that the brain is a target of diabetes complications in young children.
FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE MOTIVATION OF YOUNGER TEENAGERS
Authors: Романова Елена Владимировна , Пронина Наталья Андреевна 
Published: February 2021

Представлены результаты исследования уровня развития познавательной мотивации и учебно-познавательного интереса младших подростков. Выявлены особенности мотивации учебной деятельности младших подростков, описаны условия обеспечения высокой активности учебно-познавательной деятельности.
Авторы отмечают, что мотивация учебной деятельности выступает одним из главных факторов ее успешности и представляет собой многокомпонентное и разноуровневое образование. Мотивация учебной деятельности не формируется сама по себе, ее развитие предполагает длительную, совместную деятельность учащихся и учителя, а для этого в школах необходимо вести постоянную работу по повышению уровня познавательной мотивации к учебной деятельности, активизации учебно-познавательного интереса обучающихся на уроке.
Показано, что применение на уроках предложенных универсальных педагогических приемов способствует повышению познавательной мотивации к учебной деятельности у школьников.
Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в практической деятельности учителей по развитию познавательного интереса младших подростков и устойчивости учебных мотивов.
The article presents the results of a study of the level of development of cognitive motivation and educational and cognitive interest in younger adolescents. Features of motivation of educational activity of younger teenagers are revealed: its positive-negative orientation, conditioning of motivation by internal or external stimuli, stadiality of formation of educational motivation. The conditions for ensuring high activity in educational and cognitive activities are described. The paper notes that the motivation of educational activities is one of the main factors of its success and is a multi-component and multi-level education. Motivation of educational activity is not formed by itself, its development involves a longterm, joint activity of students and teachers, and for this purpose, schools need to constantly work to increase the level of cognitive motivation for educational activities, to activate the educational and cognitive interest of students in the classroom. It is shown that the use of the proposed universal pedagogical techniques in the lessons helps to increase the cognitive motivation for educational activities in schoolchildren. The results of the research can be used in the practical activities of teachers to develop the cognitive interest of younger adolescents and the stability of educational motives.
ANALISIS KALSIUM (Ca) DARI DAUN KELAPA SAWIT SECARA DESTRUKSI BASAH DAN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER DI PTP NUSANTARA IV BAHJAMBI
Authors: Siregar Rudi Munzirwan 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian tentang analisis Kalsium dari daun kelapa sawit secara destruksi basah dan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer di PTP Nusantara IV Bahjambi telah dilakukan. Destruksi basah merupakan perombakan sampel dengan asam-asam kuat baik tunggal maupun campuran, kemudian dioksidasi dengan menggunakan zat oksidator. Kesempurnaan destruksi ditandai dengan diperolehnya larutan jernih pada larutan destruksi. Dari hasil analisa ini kadar rata-rata Kalsium yang terdapat dalam daun yang diperoleh dari sepuluh sampel daun kelapa sawit yang dilakukan secara duplo (dua kali pengukuran untuk satu sampel) dapat dikategorikan tinggi (0,86 ppm) bila dibandingkan terhadap kandungan nilai kritis hara daun (0,7 ppm), berarti pada keadaan ini nilai kadar kalsium pada tanaman kelapa sawit tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan menyebabkan pH tinggi yang kemudian menghambat peredaran banyak nutrisi mikro serta membuat mereka menjadi tidak dapat diserap tanaman Kata Kunci: Kalsium, Daun Kelapa Sawit, Destruksi Basah