bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain Management Following Otological Surgery: A Prospective Study of Different Strategies
Authors: Dahm Valerie , Lui Justin T. , Chen Joseph M. , Kiss Alex , Hamour Amr F. , Le Trung N. , Lin Vincent Y. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to prospectively assess pain and associated analgesic consumption after otological surgery comparing two prescription patterns.Study DesignA prospective nonrandomized consecutive cohort study.Methods125 adult patients undergoing ambulatory otologic surgery‐cochlear implantation and endaural middle ear surgery, were assigned (according to surgeon's preference) and prospectively studied in two arms: 1) acetaminophen 500 mg + ibuprofen 400 mg; 2) acetaminophen 500 mg + codeine 30 mg. Pain levels, medication dose, disposal patterns of opioids, and suspected side effects were evaluated.ResultsAll patients reported mild to moderate pain. There was a statistically significant reduction of pain from day to day, which was on average 0.26 lower than the day before. Sufficient pain control could be achieved with both drug regimens with no significant difference in pain levels. Only 50% of patients who were prescribed opioids used them. Additionally, the median tablet intake was 3 tablets while 10 to 20 tablets were prescribed. The majority of patients (97%) did not dispose of these drugs safely.ConclusionAdequate analgesia was achieved in both arms of this study. Pain control following otologic surgery with a combination of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is recommended unless contraindications or chronic opioid use are present. If opioids such as codeine (30 mg) are prescribed, the amount should be reduced as low as possible, such as five tablets, based on our studied population.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:204–211, 2022
Model Simulation of Creep and Thermal Ratcheting of Engineering Polymers
Authors: Spathis Gerasimos , Kontou Evagelia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the creep response at specific temperatures and stress level of several polymers has been modeled by a viscoelastic model, analyzed in previous works. In particular, the experimental creep results under thermal cycling of polymers used in bolted flange connections, utilized as components of pressure vessel and piping are employed. The analysis is focused on the experimental results for polymeric flange materials like high density polyethylene and three types of gasket materials, namely poly‐tetrafluoroethylene PTFE (expanded e‐ and virgin v‐) and clickable nucleic acid. It has been proved that by the implementation of the model on a simple creep curve at a specific temperature, the model parameters could be evaluated. Hereafter, by imposing a thermal cycling process, two more parameters, associated with thermal ratcheting, could be acquired. It is found that the thermal ratcheting behavior exhibited by the employed materials, could be captured with a good accuracy. Given that the effect of thermal ratcheting on the long‐time performance of polymers in targeted applications is a crucial issue, the research findings in the present work are encouraging for the design of appropriate materials, and the prediction of thermal ratcheting.
Predicting Polymer Properties via a Coupled Kinetic, Stochastic and Rheological Modeling Approach from Reaction Conditions
Authors: Zentel Kristina M. , Busch Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA three‐step multiscale modeling approach to predict and thus control polymer properties, such as flow behavior and linear as well as non‐linear rheology, based on polymerization conditions, is developed and applied for long‐chain branched low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The approach consists of i) a deterministic kinetic model for the description of conversion and average polymer characteristics, ii) a hybrid stochastic Monte Carlo model for the description of the polymeric microstructure, and iii) a rheology model for the evaluation of polymer melt flow properties. The modeling approach is validated via high‐pressure miniplant LDPE samples with a special focus on long‐chain branching. In the next step, the modeling approach can be successfully transferred to a tubular reactor of industrial scale. Due to its universality the approach opens up possible applications for other polymer and also copolymer systems.
Complex Formation of Cefazolin with Ca2+ and Mg2+: Synthesis, DFT, Spectral and Antibacterial Determination
Authors: Novikova Galina V. , Krasnov Pavel O. , Samoilo Alexander S. , Shidlovskiy Ivan P. , Kondrasenko Alexander A. , Andreeva Elena A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMg(II) and Ca(II) complexes with cefazolin were synthesized and investigated using elemental and atomic‐emission analysis, TGA, X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13CNMR, DFT calculations, and QTAIM analysis. The thermal behavior of these complexes was also studied. In the magnesium complex, two cefazolin ions are coordinated to the metal ion through the oxygen atoms of the lactam and carboxylate groups as a bidentate ligand. However, cefazolin chelated to the calcium ion through both oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups and the lactam groups′ oxygen atoms as tridentate ligand. Sodium cefazolin and metal complexes were also screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The calcium complex exhibited higher antibacterial effects than the magnesium complex (5.2–7.7 % higher against S. aureus– and 15.4–27.3 % against E. coli), which is related to weaker binding of Ca, compared to Mg, with the oxygen atom of lactam group and, as a result, more free releasing of the lactam group in the solving process.
Wood Ionic Cable
Authors: Kong Weiqing , Chen Chaoji , Chen Gegu , Wang Chengwei , Liu Dapeng , Das Siddhartha , Chen Guang , Li Tian , Li Jianguo , Liu Yang , Li Zhihan , Clifford Bryson Callie , Hu Liangbing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe combination of good stability, biocompatibility, and high mechanical strength is attractive for bio‐related material applications, but it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve these properties in a single, ionically conductive material. Here a “wood” ionic cable, made of aligned wood nanofibrils, demonstrating a combination of biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, high ionic conductivity, and excellent stability is reported. The wood ionic cable possesses excellent flexibility and exhibits high tensile strength up to 260 MPa (in the dry state) and ≈80 MPa (in the wet state). The nanochannels within the highly aligned cellulose nanofibrils and the presence of negative charges on the surfaces of these nanochannels, originating from the cellulose hydroxyl groups, provide new opportunities for ion regulation at low salt concentrations. Ion regulation in turn enables the wood ionic cable to have unique nanofluidic ionic behaviors. The Na+ ion conductivity of the wood ionic cable can reach up to ≈1.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at low Na+ ion concentration (1.0 × 10−5 mol L−1), which is an order of magnitude higher than that of bulk NaCl solution at the same concentration. The scalable, biocompatible wood ionic cable enables novel ionic device designs for potential ion‐regulation applications.
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and its derivative as organic thermal stabilizers for flexible poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Fu Zhimin , Yang Zhanhong , Deng Lie , Rong Yao , Wu Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) and its derivative (DHD 2‐([1,3‐dihydroxypropan‐2‐ylidene]amino)‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol) have been used as organic thermal stabilizers for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). According to dehydrochlorination and discoloration tests conducted at 180°C, THAM showed to be an excellent organic thermal stabilizer for flexible PVC, not only THAM stabilizer improved the thermal stability of PVC but also maintained the initial color of the PVC. The induction time and the thermal stability time were 52 and 55.5 min, respectively. DHD can also be used as an organic thermal stabilizer for flexible PVC; however, its thermal stabilizing efficiency was not satisfactory, but it has a good synergistic effect with traditional cadmium–zinc soap stabilizers. Besides, the experiments had been performed to investigate pentaerythritol (PER) and THAM, two substances with similar structure, but such a huge difference in thermal stabilizing efficiency for flexible PVC. THAM did improve the thermal stability of PVC, both in initial whiteness and long‐term thermal stability. But PER has no thermal stabilizing efficiency for PVC when used alone. At the end of the article, the probable mechanism which can give an explanation for the stabilizing efficiency given by the THAM has been proposed.
Rechtserhaltende Gewalt oder rechtserhaltender Zwang – mehr als eine semantische Unterscheidung?
Authors: Werkner Ines-Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Konzeptualisierung der rechtserhaltenden Gewalt in Abgrenzung zum gerechten Krieg („‚Rechtserhaltende Gewalt‘ statt ‚gerechter Krieg‘“, EKD 2007, Ziff. 65) liegt der Fokus der friedensethischen Debatten – und das hat das vorherige Kapitel deutlich aufzeigen können – auf Fragen legaler und legitimer Gewalt und damit auf militärische Interventionen.
Hospital volume–outcome relationship in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Kugler C. M. , Goossen K. , Rombey T. , De Santis K. K. , Mathes T. , Breuing J. , Hess S. , Burchard R. , Pieper D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between hospital volume and outcomes for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched up to February 2020 for randomised controlled trials and cohort studies that reported TKA performed in hospitals with at least two different volumes and any associated patient-relevant outcomes. The adjusted effect estimates (odds ratios, OR) were pooled using a random-effects, linear dose–response meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2-statistic. ROBINS-I and the GRADE approach were used to assess the risk of bias and the confidence in the cumulative evidence, respectively.

Results
A total of 68 cohort studies with data from 1985 to 2018 were included. The risk of bias for all outcomes ranged from moderate to critical. Higher hospital volume may be associated with a lower rate of early revision ≤ 12 months (narrative synthesis of k = 7 studies, n = 301,378 patients) and is likely associated with lower mortality ≤ 3 months (OR = 0.91 per additional 50 TKAs/year, 95% confidence interval [0.87–0.95], k = 9, n = 2,638,996, I2 = 51%) and readmissions ≤ 3 months (OR = 0.98 [0.97–0.99], k = 3, n = 830,381, I2 = 44%). Hospital volume may not be associated with the rates of deep infections within 1–4 years, late revision (1–10 years) or adverse events ≤ 3 months. The confidence in the cumulative evidence was moderate for mortality and readmission rates; low for early revision rates; and very low for deep infection, late revision and adverse event rates.

Conclusion
An inverse volume–outcome relationship probably exists for some TKA outcomes, including mortality and readmissions, and may exist for early revisions. Small reductions in unfavourable outcomes may be clinically relevant at the population level, supporting centralisation of TKA to high-volume hospitals.

Level of evidence
III.

Registration number
The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42019131209 available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=131209).
Multiresidue antibiotic-metabolite quantification method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for environmental and public exposure estimation
Authors: Holton Elizabeth , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis manuscript describes a new multiresidue method utilising ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), for the identification and quantification of 58 antibiotics and their 26 metabolites, in various solid and liquid environmental matrices. The method was designed with a ‘one health’ approach in mind requiring multidisciplinary and multisectoral collaborative efforts. It enables comprehensive evaluation of antibiotic usage in surveyed communities via wastewater-based epidemiology, as well as allowing for the assessment of potential environmental impacts. The instrumental performance was very good, demonstrating linearity up to 3000 μg L−1, and high accuracy and precision. The method accuracy in several compounds was significantly improved by dividing calibration curves into separate ranges. This was accompanied by applying a weighting factor (1/x). Microwave-assisted and/or solid-phase extraction of analytes from liquid and solid matrices provided good recoveries for most compounds, with only a few analytes underperforming. Method quantification limits were determined as low as 0.017 ng L−1 in river water, 0.044 ng L−1 in wastewater, 0.008 ng g−1 in river sediment, and 0.009 ng g−1 in suspended solids. Overall, the method was successfully validated for the quantification of 64 analytes extracted from aqueous samples, and 45 from solids. The analytes that underperformed are considered on a semi-quantitative basis, including aminoglycosides and carbapenems. The method was applied to both solid and liquid environmental matrices, whereby several antibiotics and their metabolites were quantified. The most notable antibiotic-metabolite pairs are three sulfonamides and their N-acetyl metabolites; four macrolides/lincomycins and their N-desmethyl metabolites; and five quinolone metabolites.
Graphical abstract
Current treatment of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Floege Jürgen , Rauen Thomas , Tang Sydney C. W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of glomerulonephritis in Asia and the Western world. In most patients, it follows an asymptomatic to oligosymptomatic course and GFR loss, if any, is slow. The mainstay of therapy therefore is optimized supportive care, i.e., measures that lower blood pressure, reduce proteinuria, minimize lifestyle risk factors, and otherwise help to reduce non-specific insults to the kidneys. The value of immunosuppression has become controversial and if at all, systemic high-dose corticosteroid therapy should be considered for a few months taking into account patient characteristics that would caution against or preclude such therapy. In addition, adverse events related to corticosteroid therapy markedly increase as GFR declines. Beyond corticosteroids, there is little evidence that any additional immunosuppression is helpful, with the exception of mycophenolate mofetil in patients of Asian descent. A considerable number of clinical trials ranging from enteric coated budesonide to blockade of B-cell function to complement inhibitors are currently ongoing and will hopefully allow a more targeted therapy of high-risk patients with progressive IgAN in the future.
Hurricane Matthew in 2100: effects of extreme sea level rise scenarios on a highly valued coastal area (Palm Beach, FL, USA)
Authors: Boyden Patrick , Casella Elisa , Daly Christopher , Rovere Alessio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSea-level rise represents a severe hazard for populations living within low-elevation coastal zones and is already largely affecting coastal communities worldwide. As sea level continues to rise following unabated greenhouse gas emissions, the exposure of coastal communities to inundation and erosion will increase exponentially. These impacts will be further magnified under extreme storm conditions. In this paper, we focus on one of the most valuable coastal real estate markets globally (Palm Beach, FL). We use XBeach, an open-source hydro and morphodynamic model, to assess the impact of a major tropical cyclone (Hurricane Matthew, 2016) under three different sea-level scenarios. The first scenario (modern sea level) serves as a baseline against which other model runs are evaluated. The other two runs use different 2100 sea-level projections, localized to the study site: (i) IPCC RCP 8.5 (0.83 m by 2100) and (ii) same as (i), but including enhanced Antarctic ice loss (1.62 m by 2100). Our results show that the effective doubling of future sea level under heightened Antarctic ice loss amplifies flow velocity and wave height, leading to a 46% increase in eroded beach volume and the overtopping of coastal protection structures. This further exacerbates the vulnerability of coastal properties on the island, leading to significant increases in parcel inundation.
Two Bonebridge bone conduction hearing implant generations: audiological benefit and quality of hearing in children
Authors: Šikolová Soňa , Urík Milan , Hošnová Dagmar , Kruntorád Vít , Bartoš Michal , Motyka Oldřich , Jabandžiev Petr 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to evaluate audiological benefits, quality of hearing and safety of two Bonebridge generation: BCI601 and BCI602 (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) in children.

Methods
Twelve children were implanted: five BCI601 and seven BCI602 comprising of ten conductive hearing loss, and two single sided deaf SSD subjects. Audiological outcomes tested were sound field audiometry, functional gain, speech recognition threshold (SRT50), speech recognition in noise (SPRINT) and localisation abilities. Subjective measures were Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12).

Results
The mean FG with the BCI601 was 25.0 dB and with the BCI602 28.0 dB. The benefit in SRT50 was 23.2 dB and 33.8 dB, respectively. The mean benefit in SPRINT was 15% and 6.7% and the localisation ability improved from 33.3° to 16° and from 26.2° to 17.6°, respectively. The two SSD subjects reported a FG of 17 dB, a benefit in SRT50 of 22.5 and a benefit in SPRINT of 20%. Subjective outcomes improved significantly and even exceeded the values of their age-and sex matched normal hearing peers. One revision was reported: a retroauricular emphysema above the implant occurred 12 months post-OP, it was resolved operatively with the implant still being functional.

Conclusion
The pediatric cohort reports significant audiological benefit, even exceeding that of the age- and sex matched control. The combination of the high safety and audiological benefit makes the Bonebridge a comfortable and effective option in hearing rehabilitation in children.
Das sinnvolle und das würdevolle Leben in der Medizinethik
Authors: Muders Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Medizinethik haben sich moralische Gründe, die die Würde des Patienten betreffen, gerade auch in Fragen am Lebensende als wichtige Grundlage praktischen Überlegens neben solchen des Wohlergehens und der Autonomie fest etabliert. Dabei hat es sich eingebürgert, zwischen Gesichtspunkten zu unterscheiden, die die kontingente Würde einer Person in den Blick nehmen, und solchen, die sich auf eine nicht-kontingente Würde ihrer Träger beziehen. In diesem Aufsatz möchte ich auf eine weitere Grundlage aufmerksam machen, die von Überlegungen, die von der Menschenwürde der Betroffenen in beiderlei Art ihren Ausgangspunkt nehmen, verdeckt zu werden drohen: Moralische Gründe, die sich der Bewahrung oder Vermehrung des Sinns verschrieben haben, den Menschen in ihrem Leben sehen oder vermissen. Diese Sinn-Gründe, so mein Argument, weisen einige strukturelle Gemeinsamkeiten zu Würde-Überlegungen auf, die auf eine gemeinsame ontologische Grundlage und überlappende Gehalte beider zurückzuführen sind. Dessen unbeschadet haben beide Arten von Gründen eigenständige Funktionen beim Nachdenken über medizinethische Probleme; tatsächlich haben Gründe des Sinns im Falle moralischer Herausforderungen am Lebensende oftmals sogar den Primat in dem Sinne, dass sie konstitutiv in Würde-Gründe eingehen können und auch unabhängig davon auf moralisch relevante Gesichtspunkte verweisen.
Parkinson’s disease diagnosis using convolutional neural networks and figure-copying tasks
Authors: Alissa Mohamad , Lones Michael A. , Cosgrove Jeremy , Alty Jane E. , Jamieson Stuart , Smith Stephen L. , Vallejo Marta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes abnormal movements and an array of other symptoms. An accurate PD diagnosis can be a challenging task as the signs and symptoms, particularly at an early stage, can be similar to other medical conditions or the physiological changes of normal ageing. This work aims to contribute to the PD diagnosis process by using a convolutional neural network, a type of deep neural network architecture, to differentiate between healthy controls and PD patients. Our approach focuses on discovering deviations in patient’s movements with the use of drawing tasks. In addition, this work explores which of two drawing tasks, wire cube or spiral pentagon, are more effective in the discrimination process. With $$93.5\%$$

93.5
%

accuracy, our convolutional classifier, trained with images of the pentagon drawing task and augmentation techniques, can be used as an objective method to discriminate PD from healthy controls. Our compact model has the potential to be developed into an offline real-time automated single-task diagnostic tool, which can be easily deployed within a clinical setting.
Correlation and Regression Analysis of 2N Scattering Observables
Authors: Volkotrub Yuriy , Golak Jacek , Skibiński Roman , Topolnicki Kacper , Witała Henryk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis contribution provides information about correlations among the neutron-proton (np) elastic scattering observables. The most basic prerequisite for this study is existence of models of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) force, for which a covariance matrix of potential parameters is available. Using the covariance matrices for the chiral SMS NN potential from the Bochum-Bonn group and the one for the OPE-Gaussian potential proposed by the Granada group, we performed a systematic analysis of the correlation coefficients between the differential cross section and the depolarization R, as well as between R and the polarization P.
Boon or bane? On productivity and environmental regulation
Authors: Steinbrunner Philipp R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs climate change has gained more attention in the last decade, effects of environmental regulation on productivity are important to design green tax reforms. This study examines the impacts of environmental taxes and spillovers on technical efficiency, using data on Central European manufacturing firms, from 2009 to 2017. The results highlight strong effects of environmental taxation on productivity. Besides, downstream energy taxation does not affect productivity, while upstream taxes decrease technical efficiency. Downstream pollution taxation decreases productivity, whereas upstream taxation spurs technical efficiency. This study contributes to the literature by investigating heterogeneous tax effects across industries, involving tax spillovers and considering endogeneity issues.