bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' experience of caring for people living with HIV: a focused ethnography
Authors: Mashallahi A. , Rahmani F. , Gholizadeh L. , Ostadtaghizadeh A. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundHealthcare providers have been found to have limited knowledge and skills in interacting with people living with HIV. These factors can adversely affect providers' practice, jeopardize their safety and compromise the care of the patients.AimsThis study aimed to explore the experiences of Iranian nurses who were caring for patients with HIV.MethodsA focused ethnography approach was used. Participants consisted of 12 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences and recruited by purposeful sampling. Semi‐structured interviews, field observations and field notes were used for data collection. Data were analysed employing content analysis.FindingsThree main themes emerged from the analysis of the participants' experiences of providing care to patients with HIV: ‘excessive fear of being infected’, ‘concerns about the possible consequences’ and ‘lack of self‐confidence in care provision’.Discussion/ConclusionNurses have experienced a great deal of fear of self and cross‐contamination when providing care to people living with HIV. Social stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV amplified the nurses' experience of fear. Providing appropriate education and training for nurses can improve their attitudes, emotions and self‐confidence while providing care to such people and increasing the quality of care provided.Implications for Nursing and Health policyPlanning more educational programmes focusing on improving their misunderstandings about HIV could result in positive outcomes: for nurses to provide high‐quality care and for people living with HIV who receive this care. The healthcare system should consider the culture of care provided by nurses to these people.
Rate and impact on patient outcome and healthcare utilization of complications requiring surgical revision: Subcutaneous versus transvenous implantable defibrillator therapy
Authors: Palmisano Pietro , Ziacchi Matteo , Ammendola Ernesto , D'Onofrio Antonio , Dell'Era Gabriele , Laffi Mattia , Biffi Mauro , Nigro Gerardo , Bianchi Walter , Prenna Eleonora , Angeletti Andrea , Guido Alessandro , Stronati Giulia , Gaggioli Germano , Dello Russo Antonio , Accogli Michele , Guerra Federico ,   Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing (AIAC)
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionComparison data on management of device‐related complications and their impact on patient outcome and healthcare utilization between subcutaneous implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (S‐ICD) and transvenous ICD (TV‐ICD) are lacking. We designed this prospective, multicentre, observational registry to compare the rate, nature, and impact of long‐term device‐related complications requiring surgical revision on patient outcome and healthcare utilization between patients undergoing S‐ICD or TV‐ICD implantation.Methods and ResultsA total of 1099 consecutive patients who underwent S‐ICD or TV‐ICD implantation were enrolled. Propensity matching for baseline characteristics yielded 169 matched pairs. Rate, nature, management, and impact on patient outcome of device‐related complications were analyzed and compared between two groups. During a mean follow‐up of 30 months, device‐related complications requiring surgical revision were observed in 20 patients: 3 in S‐ICD group (1.8%) and 17 in TV‐ICD group (10.1%; p = .002). Compared with TV‐ICD patients, S‐ICD patients showed a significantly lower risk of lead‐related complications (0% vs. 5.9%; p = .002) and a similar risk of pocket‐related complications (0.6 vs. 2.4; p = .215) and device infection (0.6% vs. 1.2%; p = 1.000). Complications observed in S‐ICD patients resulted in a significantly lower number of complications‐related rehospitalizations (median 0 vs. 1; p = .013) and additional hospital treatment days (1.0 ± 1.0 vs. 6.5 ± 4.4 days; p = .048) compared with TV‐ICD patients.ConclusionsCompared with TV‐ICD, S‐ICD is associated with a lower risk of complications, mainly due to a lower risk of lead‐related complications. The management of S‐ICD complications requires fewer and shorter rehospitalizations.
Atrial thrombus detection on transoesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion or catheter ablation: A pooled analysis of rates and predictors
Authors: Noubiap Jean Jacques , Agbaedeng Thomas A. , Ndoadoumgue Aude Laetitia , Nyaga Ulrich Flore , Kengne Andre Pascal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize data on the rates and predictors of left atrial thrombus/left atrial appendage thrombus (LAT/LAAT) detection by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before electrical cardioversion (ECV) or catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsEMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched to identify all studies providing relevant data and published by October 7, 2020. A random‐effects meta‐analysis method was used to pool effect size estimates.ResultsA total of 85 studies were included, reporting data from 56 660 patients with AF. In patients undergoing CA and ECV, the pooled prevalence of LAT/LAAT was 1.8% and 7.5% in those not on oral anticoagulation (OAC), 1.8% and 5.5% in those taking OAC, and 1.3% and 4.9% in case of adequate OAC, respectively. According to the type of OAC, the prevalence was 2.0% and 7.6% for vitamin K antagonist, 1.3% and 3.5% for direct oral anticoagulant. Predictors of LAT/LAAT detection were nonparoxysmal AF (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.4–5.2), hypertension (OR: 2.9, 1.2–7.0), previous stroke (OR: 3.0, 1.6–5.63), heart failure (OR: 4.3, 2.7–6.8), and CHADS2 score ≥2 (OR: 3.3, 1.9–5.8) for patients undergoing CA; and heart failure (OR: 2.8, 1.3–6.2) and the CHA2DS2‐VASc score (OR: 2.55, 1.5–4.5) for those undergoing ECV.ConclusionThe prevalence of LAT/LAAT in AF patients undergoing ECV or CA varies widely, mainly due to differences in patient risk profiles and OAC types. Further research should determine whether the predictors of LAT/LAAT detection identified by this study could be used to select patients who require preprocedural TEE.
Red mark syndrome of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; Walbaum, 1792): Histopathological scoring and correlation with gross lesions
Authors: Galeotti M. , Sarli G. , Sirri R. , Mandrioli L. , Beraldo P. , Bronzatti P. , Giavenni R. , Orioles M. , Magi G.E. , Volpatti D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRed mark syndrome (RMS) is a skin disorder affecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The present work aimed to correlate the gross skin lesions affecting 46 fish sampled from farms surveyed for RMS with their microscopic features, identifying histological parameters that may be suggestive of disease progression. Skin lesions were grossly included in one of three categories (types I, II and III) according to the progressive degree of severity. Histological parameters and anti‐proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) tissue immunoreactivity were semi‐quantitatively assessed. In the dermis, PCNA‐positive lymphocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were indicative of active phlogosis. A significant increase in PCNA‐immunoreactive lymphocytes, from gross type I to type III cases, was found only in the hypodermis. The histological parameters significantly associated with the gross lesion severity were progressive loss of the epithelium and scales, recruitment of inflammatory cells in the stratum compactum, loss of architecture of the stratum compactum, perivascular and perineural granulomatous inflammation and increase in lymphocyte infiltration of the muscular layer. In the type II and type III categories, inflammation in the hypodermis and muscle displayed a granulomatous pattern, reinforcing the hypothesis of an immunopathological mechanism. The morphological diagnosis of “deep chronic dermatitis associated to panniculitis and myositis, characterised by lympho‐histiocytic and granulomatous reaction” is suggested.
Correction and quantification of MTF in scanning laser microscopy
Authors: Takesue Toshiharu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObservations using conventional microscopy often lack information related to the fine structures of an object, such as intensity and phase, because of limitations in the lens aperture. In this study, the intensity and phase information are appropriately converted into an electrical signal using laser scanning and photodetectors. Intensity and phase are completely separated, and the missing information is restored based on the frequency of the electrical signal. Using this method, the original intensity and phase information of the object to be observed can be correctly restored. Therefore, we propose a novel method to calculate the degree of intensity and phase modulation by calculating the direct and alternating current components obtained from the output of the sum and difference of the two photodetectors. The degree of spatial frequency modulation is corrected according to the electrical signal frequency to detect transparent or unstained cells. We first performed laser scanning of an object. Then, signals were detected using two photodetectors placed in the far‐field, separated by the optical axis as the boundary. The output signals of the photodetectors were processed and the intensity and phase were unambiguously separated, thus allowing the visualization of the phase information of the transparent bodies and unstained cells. Spatial frequency correction was performed to correct the modulation. Our method successfully separated the information related to the intensity and optical path difference (OPD). In future work, by accurately correcting the intensity and OPD, it will be possible to separate the absorption rate from the ratio of the irradiation light intensity to the observed intensity and to separate the OPD into the refractive index and the thickness information. This method allows the accurate determination of these parameters in a noninvasive manner.
Tourniquets as a haemorrhage control measure in military and civilian care settings: An integrative review
Authors: Roman Pablo , Rodriguez‐Alvarez Amanda , Bertini‐Perez Daniel , Ropero‐Padilla Carmen , Martin‐Ibañez Luis , Rodriguez‐Arrastia Miguel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of review was to describe and synthesise the evidence on the use of tourniquets to control haemorrhages, summarising both civilian and military use.BackgroundTrauma‐related haemorrhage constitutes one of the most preventable deaths among injured patients, particularly in multi‐casualty incidents and disasters. In this context, safe instruments such as tourniquets are essential to help healthcare professionals to minimise loss of life and maximise patient recovery.Design and methodsAn integrative review was conducted in Medline, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, and Health & Medical Collection, using published data until March 2021 and following the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA total of 25 articles were included. Evidence has been synthesised to understand the use of different types of tourniquets, environment of application, indication for their placement and potential complications associated with tourniquet placement.ConclusionsCommercial tourniquets such as Combat Application Tourniquet or Emergency Tourniquet models are a valuable and safe instrument for haemorrhage control in both military and civilian out‐of‐hospital care settings. Nurses, as part of emergency teams, and other professionals should be aware that there is a possibility of adverse complications, but they are directly proportional to the time of tourniquet placement and generally temporary. In addition, national and international guidelines ensure the need for all civilian emergency services to be equipped with these devices, as well as for the training of healthcare professionals and first responders in their use.Relevance to clinical practiceDespite the lack of complications in the use of tourniquets in these cases, their use has been a matter of debate for decades. In this sense, this review yields up‐to‐date guidelines in the use of tourniquets, their recommendations and their significance among professionals to manage complicated situations.
Microwave treatment to modify textural properties of high protein gel applicable as dysphagia food
Authors: Pure Ali Ebrahimi , Yarmand Mohammad Saeid , Farhoodi Mehdi , Adedeji Akinbode 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to formulate a high protein base as a dysphagia food and investigate the possibility of textural modification by applying microwave treatments. The formulated mixture contained 41.7% pea protein (dry basis), which exhibited shear thinning behavior. The application of microwave processing at 300, 500, and 700 W for 60, 120, and 180 s showed that at a higher level of energy induction by microwave, the hardness of the sample gradually increased from a fluid gel to a soft solid and more rigid levels. Processing at 300 and 500 W in the tested range showed that textural properties (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness) of the sample could be modulated within the recommended criteria for dysphagia food, providing the possibility of individualization of food texture for dysphagia disorder. Two main causes of these textural changes could be water evaporation and protein denaturation, in which, regarding the ratio of water evaporation to the size of textural changes, protein denaturation was thought to have the main impact on the phenomena.
Movie piracy: Displacement and its impact on legitimate sales in India
Authors: Jha Amit K. , Rajan Priyanka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper brings out the effect of movie piracy on legitimate sales of the movies in the Indian context. The paper becomes much more relevant when internet and streaming services are very much common these days. Based on the survey of 500 undergraduates students of university of Delhi, the paper finds that first, one unit of unpaid movie viewing displaces about 0.35 units of paid (first) movie viewings. Second, due to presence of “sampling effect” one unit of unpaid (first) movie viewing increases second paid viewings by 0.1 units. Thus, we find support for incomplete displacement, that is, a displacement rate less than one‐for‐one. Third, these displacements rates are causing an estimated 6.2% loss in sales of movies based on back‐of‐ envelope‐calculation. The number of lost movie sales are 6,3123,667 and approximately Rs 12 billion in Indian rupees as revenue lost due to movie piracy in the year 2019. Finally, Individuals who tend to show greater interests in movies are in fact contributes towards movie sales even though their indulgence in piracy cannot be ignored.
Lidocaine before esophageal manometry and ambulatory pH monitoring: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wahba George , Neshkova Elissaveta , Jutras Gabrielle , Liu Chen Kiow Jeremy , Clément Marianne , Willems Philippe , Eouani Benny‐Darold , Courbette Olivier , Ayuso Éloïse , Bouin Mickael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLidocaine is commonly applied to improve the tolerance of esophageal manometry (EM) and ambulatory pH monitoring (PM). We recently published data suggesting a benefit to this practice and we aimed to confirm these findings in a randomized trial.MethodsWe conducted a double‐blind, randomized trial of lidocaine nasal spray versus placebo (saline) before EM and PM. Patients referred to our center who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients were asked to fill a questionnaire after their test and patient‐reported adverse effects were compared.Key ResultsThree hundred and four patients were enrolled in our trial. Lidocaine and placebo groups were demographically similar. The primary outcome, pain during catheter insertion, occurred in 60/148 (40.5%) patients in the lidocaine group versus in 72/152 (47.4%) patients in the placebo group (OR: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.48–1.20]; p = 0.23). Patients receiving lidocaine were less likely to report nausea during test recording (OR: 0.48 [95% CI: 0.24–0.91]; p = 0.02) and reported slightly lower intensity of pain during both catheter insertion and test recording (4.68 ± 2.06 versus 5.41 ± 2.24 on 10; p = 0.048 and 3.71 ± 2.00 versus 4.93 ± 2.55 on 10; p = 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, patients receiving lidocaine were less likely to report their test as globally uncomfortable and painful (57% vs. 75%; p = 0.003 and 14% vs. 21%; p = 0.02, respectively). No events of systemic lidocaine toxicity occurred during the study period.ConclusionsRoutine use of lidocaine before esophageal function tests does not reduce pain during catheter insertion but may provide other modest benefits with limited toxicity.
New device for active gastric mechanical stimulation
Authors: Prospero Andre Gonçalves , Pinto Leonardo Antonio , Matos Ronaldo Vitor Reis , Soares Guilherme Augusto , Oliveira Ricardo Brandt , Mascarenhas Sérgio , Miranda José Ricardo de Arruda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastroparesis is a chronic stomach disorder and effective treatment is the aim of different strategies. Alternative therapies consist of an electrical stimulation of the stomach to evoke a response in the gastric activity. We present the development and in vivo application of an electromagnet system to induce a mechanical stimulus in the stomach aiming for gastric contractile responses.MethodsThe electromagnet system consisted of an implantable magnet and an external drive coil. We implanted the magnet at the greater curvature of the gastric body in rats. We applied an alternating current to the drive coils, inducing mechanical stimulation of the gastric wall. We measured the gastric contraction activity and gastric electrical activity in response to the stimulus using AC biosusceptometry and electrogastrography. Moreover, we used the phenol red to evaluate the stimulus effects on gastrointestinal transit.Key ResultsThe stimulus increased the spectral intensity and signal‐to‐noise ratio significantly of gastric contraction activity and gastric electrical activity. Furthermore, we found a lower phenol red retention in the stomach in rats without stimulus. No significant differences were found in frequency and root mean square amplitude.Conclusions & InferencesWe developed a new simple electromagnet system that evoked a contraction and gastric electrical response using a mechanical stimulus and decreased gastric emptying time. The system is an accessible tool and may contribute to gastroparesis studies in animals.
Impact of early (<7 days) pacemaker implantation after cardiac surgery on long‐term pacemaker dependency
Authors: Badoz Marc , Favoulet Baptiste , Serzian Guillaume , Ecarnot Fiona , Guillon Benoit , Chopard Romain , Meneveau Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate pacemaker dependency after at least 1 year in patients with early (<7 days) implantation, compared to those who received a pacemaker ≥7 days after cardiac surgery. Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay and in‐hospital complications.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 108 consecutive patients who received a pacemaker after cardiac surgery between 06/2012 and 06/2018. Characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with early (<7 days) and late (≥7 days) implantation. Patients were followed up with evaluation of pacemaker dependency between April and June 2019. We identified predictors of dependency by logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 63.9% were men, average age 71.9 ± 11.8 years; 32 (29.6%) had early implantation, and 76 (70.4%) late implantation. After a median 3.2 years [IQR 1.9, 4.5] of follow‐up, 30 patients (27.8%) had died, and there was no difference in pacemaker dependency among survivors (66.7% vs. 46.5%, early vs. late respectively, p = .15). Patients in the early group had a shorter length of stay (11.5 [9.0, 14.0] vs. 15.0 [11.5, 20] days, p = .002) and less often had new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) post‐surgery (22.7% vs. 47.8%, p = .05). The only significant predictor of dependency was aortic valve replacement surgery (OR = 4.70, 95% CI [1.36 to 16.24]).ConclusionEarly implantation of a permanent pacemaker (<7 days after cardiac surgery) does not impact on the proportion of patients with long‐term (>12 months) pacemaker dependency, but is associated with shorter length of stay and less frequent new‐onset AF. These findings warrant prospective confirmation in randomized trials.
Cryptic diversity, multilocus phylogeny, and pathogenicity of cercosporoid fungi associated with common bean and cowpea
Authors: Bakhshi Mounes , Zare Rasoul , Kermanian Milad , Ebrahimi Leila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants in the north of Iran have exhibited symptoms resembling Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease. This study was initiated to elucidate the taxonomy and pathogenicity of cercosporoid taxa associated with leaf spot diseases of these two legume crops in Iran. A total of 138 samples with CLS symptoms were collected from cultivated common bean and cowpea species in northern Iran and subjected to microscopic examination, resulting in identification of 98 Cercospora and 59 Pseudocercospora samples. A six‐locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, actA, tef1, gapdh, his3, and cmdA) coupled with examination of the morphology of 42 representative isolates from these samples confirmed that several cercosporoid fungi occur on common bean and cowpea in Iran. Five Cercospora species (C. iranica, C. cf. flagellaris, Cercospora sp. G, Cercospora sp. T, and C. vignigena) and two Pseudocercospora species (P. griseola f. griseola and P. cf. cruenta) were found; of these, C. cf. flagellaris was the dominant species, occurring on both common bean and cowpea. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all seven species could infect leaves of common bean and/or cowpea. This is the first report of C. iranica, Cercospora sp. G, and Cercospora sp. T associated with common bean and/or cowpea in the world. In addition, C. vignigena was recorded for the first time in Iran. Results achieved in this study will assist strategies for the management of CLS disease of common bean and cowpea.
Recent advances in the induced pluripotent stem cell‐based skin regeneration
Authors: Choudhury Subholakshmi , Surendran Nidhi , Das Amitava 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSkin regeneration has been a challenging clinical problem especially in cases of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa‐related skin blisters. Prolonged non‐healing wounds often lead to bacterial infections increasing the severity of wounds. Current treatment strategies for chronic wounds include debridement of wounds along with antibiotics, growth factors, and stem cell transplantation therapies. However, the compromised nature of autologous stem cells in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes limits the efficacy of the therapy. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has immensely influenced the field of regenerative therapy. Enormous efforts have been made to develop integration‐free iPSCs suitable for clinical therapies. This review focuses on recent advances in the methods and reprogramming factors for generating iPSCs along with the existing challenges such as genetic alterations, tumorigenicity, immune rejection, and regulatory hurdles for the clinical application of iPSCs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the benefits of using iPSCs for the generation of skin cells and skin disease modeling over the existing clinical therapies for skin regeneration in chronic wounds and skin diseases.