bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density‐independent prey choice, taxonomy, life history, and web characteristics determine the diet and biocontrol potential of spiders (Linyphiidae and Lycosidae) in cereal crops
Authors: Cuff Jordan P. , Tercel Maximillian P.T.G. , Drake Lorna E. , Vaughan Ian P. , Bell James R. , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo , Müller Carsten T. , Symondson William O.C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpiders are among the dominant invertebrate predators in agricultural systems and are significant regulators of insect pests. The precise dynamics of biocontrol of pests in the field are, however, poorly understood. This study investigates how density‐independent prey choice, taxonomy, life stage, sex, and web characteristics affect spider diet and biocontrol. We collected spiders in four genera of Linyphiidae (i.e., Bathyphantes, Erigone, Tenuiphantes, and Microlinyphia), and individuals from the Lycosidae genus Pardosa, and their proximate prey communities from barley fields in Wales, UK between April and September 2018. We analyzed the gut contents of 300 individual spiders using DNA metabarcoding. From the 300 spiders screened, 89 prey taxa were identified from 45 families, including a wide range of pests and predators. Thrips were the dominant prey, present in over a third of the spiders sampled, but a type IV functional response appears to reduce their predation at peak abundances. Spider diets significantly differed based on web characteristics, but this depended on the genus and sex of the spider and it was not the principal separating factor in the trophic niches of linyphiids and lycosids. Diets significantly differed between spider genera and life stages, reflected in different propensities for intraguild predation and pest predation. Adult spiders predated a greater diversity of other predators, and juveniles predated a greater diversity of pests. Overall, Tenuiphantes spp. and Bathyphantes spp. exhibited the greatest individual potential for biocontrol of the greatest diversity of pest genera. The greater trophic niche complementarity of Pardosa spp. and Erigone spp., however, suggests that their complementary predation of different pests might be of greater overall benefit to biocontrol. Sustainable agriculture should aim to optimize conditions throughout the cropping cycle for effective biocontrol, prioritizing provision for a diversity of spiders which predate a complementary diversity of pest species.
Rearrangements and Migrations along the Ferrocene Periphery: On the Way to Planar‐Chiral and (Multi)Substitution Patterns
Authors: Korb Marcus , Lang Heinrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe functionalization of ferrocenes via intramolecular rearrangements is summarized. Focus will be directed on anionic, cationic and thermal/photo‐induced processes that enable the migration of functional groups along the periphery of the ferrocene's cyclopentadienyl rings. Anionic processes include halogen dance reactions and Fries rearrangements. The metalation procedures are discussed, which are essential for a regio‐ and stereoselective proceeding. Computational studies and electrochemical data are included to discuss stereoselective processes and reactivity differences. Positioning of a positive charge in close proximity to the ferrocenyl backbone induces Pinacol, Beckmann, and remote Fries rearrangements. Activation of an alkynyl functionality facilitates alkyne/vinylidene changes. Thermal rearrangements do not require an additional charge and are induced by N2 elimination, followed by nitrene/carbene formation via Curtius and Wolff rearrangements, respectively. The latter was exemplarily used for the ring contraction of [4]‐ into [3]ferrocenophanes.
Role of acid‐base and hydration‐dehydration equilibria on reductions of chloral and chloral hydrate
Authors: Baymak Melek Sirin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of chloral hydrate in aqueous solutions at various pH values was investigated by using polarography. Reduction of chloral hydrate takes place in two steps: one appears as a small limiting current value that corresponds to the reduction of the unhydrated form, present in solutions in less than 3%, and another larger limiting current value at more negative potentials corresponding to a reduction of C‐Cl bonds in the hydrated form. Reduction schemes for both the hydrated and unhydrated forms and of an oxidation process for chloral hydrate are proposed. The reduction scheme supports the stepwise removal of chloride ions from the hydrated form of chloral that is electroactive in its protonated form, yielding ethanol as the final product. A rate constant for the protonation of chloral hydrate is calculated from its measured pKa value and electrochemical data. The role of hydration‐dehydration equilibria involving the reduction intermediates, which are reduced at more negative potentials than that of chloral, was concluded based on a comparison of limiting currents of chloral hydrate with those of 2,2,2‐trichloroethanol. The alcohol yields, in medium pH range a diffusion‐limited current, corresponding to cleavage of three C‐Cl bonds. This allowed the calculation of the equilibrium constant of the hydration‐dehydration equilibria.
A review of the rational interfacial designs and characterizations for solid‐state lithium/sulfur cells
Authors: Choo Youngwoo , Hwa Yoon , Cairns Elton J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe high theoretical specific energy of lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cells (2600 Wh/kg) has positioned the Li/S cell as one of the most promising candidates for the beyond lithium‐ion cell. Despite the evident advantages, there are remaining problems mainly associated with the unique solution‐based reaction chemistry involving lithium polysulfide (Li‐PS) that hinder the commercialization of the Li/S cells. Incorporating solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) can avoid the Li‐PS shuttle problem while preserving the benefits of Li/S cells, but it introduces other challenges related to the electrode/electrolyte solid interfaces. This topical review summarizes the current status of solid‐state Li/S cells and their major challenges and discusses the recent efforts to improve cell performance and durability. Various solid‐state electrolytes, including oxides, sulfides, and solid polymer electrolytes, are briefly reviewed. In particular, we focus on the recent progress to improve the interfacial properties by two major approaches, morphological and chemical modifications of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The design strategy and implementation to overcome the prominent issues associated with sulfur electrodes are critically discussed. Also, several electrochemical and physicochemical characterization methods to examine the electron/ion transport at the interface are outlined. Given the superior theoretical physicochemical properties of the Li/S cells, we emphasize that the inappropriate interfacial design of the solid‐state Li/S cells is the major challenge to bring solid‐state Li/S cells to a commercially attractive level.
Non‐linear dynamic analysis of buildings founded on piles: Simplified modelling strategies for soil‐foundation‐structure interaction
Authors: Noto Fabrizio , Iovino Maria , Di Laora Raffaele , de Sanctis Luca , Franchin Paolo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates the problem of Soil‐Foundation‐Structure Interaction (SFSI) for buildings supported on piles through the comparative analysis between the fixed base and the compliant base assumptions. The structure, a nine‐storey residential building (with or without infills), is modelled in non‐linear regime while the piled foundation is idealized by means of independent lumped parameters models, either linear or non‐linear. In this last case, the soil‐foundation system is replaced by an assembly of viscous‐dampers, fictitious masses and non‐linear springs modelled according to the classical Bouc‐Wen formulation, so as to account for the hysteretic behaviour of the foundation. A detailed calibration procedure for both linear and non‐linear foundation models is also presented and discussed. Two different natural soil deposits are considered, a pyroclastic deposit and a deep layer of lacustrine clay. The results undertaken in the context of a probabilistic analysis show that SFSI may lead to a significant reduction of the seismic demand in infilled buildings at low and intermediate earthquake intensity levels. Conversely, at higher intensity earthquakes the seismic demand is not affected by the non‐linear springs. It is shown that a proper modelling of radiation mechanism at foundation level is crucial for a reliable and sustainable prediction of SFSI effects.
Amalgamation of blockchain and sixth‐generation‐envisioned responsive edge orchestration in future cellular vehicle‐to‐anything ecosystems: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Bhattacharya Pronaya , Bodkhe Umesh , Zuhair Mohd , Rashid Mamoon , Liu Xuan , Verma Ashwin , Kishan Dewangan Ram 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn modern decentralized cellular‐vehicle‐to‐anything (C‐V2X) infrastructures, connected autonomous smart vehicles (CASVs) exchange vehicular information with peer CASVs. To leverage responsive communication, sensors deployed in CASVs communicate through responsive edge computing (REC) infrastructures to support device‐to‐device‐ (D2D) based communication. To support low‐latency, high‐bandwidth, dense mobility, and high availability, researchers worldwide have proposed efficient 5G REC infrastructures to end vehicular users (VU). However, with the growing number of sensor units, intelligent automation, dense sensor integration at massive ultra‐low latency is required. To address the issue, the focus has shifted toward sixth‐generation (6G)‐based intelligent C‐V2X orchestration. However, the sensor data is exchanged through open channels, and thus trust and privacy among C‐V2X nodes is a prime concern. Thus, blockchain (BC) is a potential solution to allow immutable exchange ledgers among CASV sensor units for secure data exchange. With this motivation, the proposed survey integrates BC and 6G‐leveraged REC in C‐V2X to address the issues of fifth‐generation (5G)‐REC through immutable, verified, and chronological timestamped data exchanged through 6G‐envisioned terahertz (THz) channels, at high mobility, extremely low latency, and high availability. The survey also presents the open issues and research challenges in the 6G‐envisioned BC‐enabled REC C‐V2X ecosystems via a proposed framework. A case study 6Edge is presented for smart 6G intelligent edge integration with BC‐based ledgers. Finally, the concluding remarks and future direction of research are proposed. Thus, the proposed survey forms a guideline for automotive stakeholders, academicians, and researchers to explore the various opportunities of the possible integration in more significant detail.
Volatility forecasting for crude oil based on text information and deep learning PSO‐LSTM model
Authors: Jiao Xingrui , Song Yuping , Kong Yang , Tang Xiaolong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a method to forecast the volatility of crude oil market based on text mining technology and deep learning model is proposed. First, the text mining technology is used to construct the textual features hidden in the news headlines of crude oil market, including the emotional polarity score, investor sentiment classification, and risk factors. Then the textual features with other features reflecting fluctuations of the crude oil market are combined as inputs of the deep learning long short‐term memory (LSTM) model for better forecasting results. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the hyper‐parameters of the deep learning LSTM model to further improve the forecasting ability. The results in this study show that the LSTM model optimized by PSO algorithm has reduced 7.66%, 8.15%, 8.2%, 10.93%, and 23.46% on the mean absolute error (MAE) of crude oil volatility forecasting compared with other models. And it is more stable in multiple‐step forecasting results compared with the econometric model. In addition, compared with the PSO‐LSTM model without textual features, the forecasting accuracy of the PSO‐LSTM model with textual features has reduced by 6.77% and 5.12% in the MAE and the mean square error (MSE), respectively.
Effects of gestational age at birth on perinatal structural brain development in healthy term‐born babies
Authors: Gale‐Grant Oliver , Fenn‐Moltu Sunniva , França Lucas G. S. , Dimitrova Ralica , Christiaens Daan , Cordero‐Grande Lucilio , Chew Andrew , Falconer Shona , Harper Nicholas , Price Anthony N. , Hutter Jana , Hughes Emer , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Rutherford Mary , Counsell Serena J. , Rueckert Daniel , Nosarti Chiara , Hajnal Joseph V. , McAlonan Grainne , Arichi Tomoki , Edwards A. David , Batalle Dafnis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfants born in early term (37–38 weeks gestation) experience slower neurodevelopment than those born at full term (40–41 weeks gestation). While this could be due to higher perinatal morbidity, gestational age at birth may also have a direct effect on the brain. Here we characterise brain volume and white matter correlates of gestational age at birth in healthy term‐born neonates and their relationship to later neurodevelopmental outcome using T2 and diffusion weighted MRI acquired in the neonatal period from a cohort (n = 454) of healthy babies born at term age (>37 weeks gestation) and scanned between 1 and 41 days after birth. Images were analysed using tensor‐based morphometry and tract‐based spatial statistics. Neurodevelopment was assessed at age 18 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III). Infants born earlier had higher relative ventricular volume and lower relative brain volume in the deep grey matter, cerebellum and brainstem. Earlier birth was also associated with lower fractional anisotropy, higher mean, axial, and radial diffusivity in major white matter tracts. Gestational age at birth was positively associated with all Bayley‐III subscales at age 18 months. Regression models predicting outcome from gestational age at birth were significantly improved after adding neuroimaging features associated with gestational age at birth. This work adds to the body of evidence of the impact of early term birth and highlights the importance of considering the effect of gestational age at birth in future neuroimaging studies including term‐born babies.
A Journey through Hemetsberger–Knittel, Leimgruber–Batcho and Bartoli Reactions: Access to Several Hydroxy 5‐ and 6‐Azaindoles
Authors: Radix Sylvie , Hallé François , Mahiout Zahia , Teissonnière Amélie , Bouchez Grégoire , Auberger Ludovic , Barret Roland , Lomberget Thierry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe preparation of various 5‐ and 6‐azaindoles, heterocyclic structures that are frequently part of molecules in clinical development, and their monohydroxy analogues were described. Different strategies, relying on the de novo pyrrole ring formation, were investigated and, thanks to Hemetsberger–Knittel, Bartoli and Leimgruber–Batcho approaches, 4‐ and 7‐monohydroxy 5‐ and 6‐azaindoles were obtained. The crucial introduction of the oxygen atom was carried out from halogen derivatives, using nucleophilic substitution reactions under basic conditions with or without a copper catalyst. Some preliminary oxidation reactions have shown that it was yet not possible to synthesize the azaquinone indole structure from monohydroxy azaindole, using molecular oxygen in the presence of salcomine as a catalyst.
Acceleration of cervical cancer diagnosis with human papillomavirus testing below age 30: Observational study
Authors: Rebolj Matejka , Mathews Christopher S. , Pesola Francesca , Castañon Alejandra , Kitchener Henry ,   HPV Pilot Steering Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeveral international cervical screening guidelines advise against using high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) testing in women younger than 30. The rationale for this in young women, lies in the potential for additional detection of both low‐grade and high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) leading to unnecessary treatments without reducing the burden of cervical cancer. We studied 56 544 women screened at 24 to 29 with HR‐HPV testing and 116 858 screened with liquid‐based cytology (LBC) in the English HPV screening pilot. They were compared to 528 460 women screened at the age of 30 to 49. We studied the detection of cervical cancer and CIN2/3 across two consecutive screening rounds 3 years apart. At 24 to 29, a positive HR‐HPV test detected more cases of cervical cancer in the prevalence round than did a positive LBC test (1.36/1000 screened vs 0.82/1000, ORadj: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.18‐2.19). In women with a negative HR‐HPV test, cervical cancer was diagnosed before or at the incidence round in 0.07/1000. After a negative LBC test, cancer detection reached 0.47/1000 and 40% of these cases were diagnosed at FIGO stage IB+. HR‐HPV testing increased the detection of CIN2/3 diagnoses in two consecutive rounds combined by 30% (71.9/1000 vs 55.2/1000). The patterns of detection of cervical cancer and CIN2/3 were almost identical at older ages. These data support using HR‐HPV testing for screening of women younger than 30, which not only accelerates the diagnosis of cervical cancer but leads to a similar relative increase in CIN2/3 diagnosis to that found in women aged 30 to 49.
Mechanical removal of biofilm on titanium discs: An in vitro study
Authors: Ichioka Yuki , Derks Jan , Dahlén Gunnar , Berglundh Tord , Larsson Lena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate surface cleanness and cytocompatibility following mechanical instrumentation of biofilm‐contaminated titanium surfaces. Titanium discs (non‐modified [Ti(s)] and shot‐blasted surfaces [Ti(r)]) contaminated with Streptococcus gordonii were instrumented using four different techniques: (i) gauze soaked in saline (GS), (ii) ultra‐sonic device (US), (iii) rotating nickel‐titanium brush (TiB), or (iv) air‐polishing device (AP). Non‐contaminated, untreated titanium disks were used as controls (C). Residual deposits and cytocompatibility for osteoblast‐like cells were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. While the number of residual bacteria on Ti(s) discs was close to 0 in all treatment groups, significantly higher mean numbers of residual bacteria were observed on Ti(r) discs for GS (152.7 ± 75.7) and TiB (33.5 ± 22.2) than for US (0) and AP (0). Instrumentation with US resulted in deposition of foreign material (mean area% of foreign material: 3.0 ± 3.6% and 10.8 ± 9.6% for Ti(s) and Ti(r) discs, respectively). AP was the most effective decontamination procedure in reducing bacteria without depositing residual foreign material on Ti(r) discs. TiB and AP were superior methods in restoring cytocompatibility, although no method of mechanical decontamination resulted in pristine levels of cytocompatibility.
Immune Response to Persistent Staphyloccocus Aureus Periprosthetic Joint Infection in a Mouse Tibial Implant Model
Authors: Sokhi Upneet K , Xia Yunwei , Sosa Branden , Turajane Kathleen , Nishtala Sita N , Pannellini Tania , Bostrom Mathias P , Carli Alberto V , Yang Xu , Ivashkiv Lionel B 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Staphyloccocus aureus is one of the major pathogens in orthopedic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), a devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty that often results in chronic and persistent infections that are refractory to antibiotics and require surgical interventions. Biofilm formation has been extensively investigated as a reason for persistent infection. The cellular composition, activation status, cytokine profile, and role of the immune response during persistent S. aureus PJI are incompletely understood. In this study, we used histology, multiparametric flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis to characterize the immune response in a clinically relevant orthopedic PJI model. We tested the hypothesis that persistent S. aureus infection induces feedback mechanisms that suppress immune cell activation, thereby affecting the course of infection. Surprisingly, persistent infection was characterized by strikingly high cytokine gene expression indicative of robust activation of multiple components of innate and adaptive immunity, along with ongoing severe neutrophil-dominated inflammation, in infected joint and bone tissues. Activation and expansion of draining lymph nodes and a bone marrow stress granulopoiesis reaction were also maintained during late phase infection. In parallel, feedback mechanisms involving T-cell inhibitory receptors and exhaustion markers, suppressive cytokines, and regulatory T cells were activated and associated with decreased T-cell proliferation and tissue infiltration during the persistent phase of infection. These results identify the cellular and molecular components of the mouse immune response to persistent S. aureus PJI and indicate that neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory cytokine responses, and ongoing lymph node and bone marrow reactions are insufficient to clear infection and that immune effector mechanisms are suppressed by feedback inhibitory pathways. These immune-suppressive mechanisms are associated with diminished T-cell proliferation and tissue infiltration and can be targeted as part of adjuvant immunotherapeutic strategies in combination with debridement of biofilm, antibiotics, and other therapeutic modalities to promote eradication of infection. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Patients with hereditary hemochromatosis reach safe range of transferrin saturation sooner with erythrocytaphereses than with phlebotomies
Authors: Rombout‐Sestrienkova Eva , Brandts Lloyd , Koek Ger H. , van Deursen Cees Th. B. M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionFor the maintenance treatment of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), it is advised to keep the transferrin saturation (TSAT) <70% to prevent formation of non‐transferrin‐bound iron and labile plasma iron. The period of the initial iron depletion may last up to 1 year or longer and during this period, the patient is exposed to elevated TSAT levels. Therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TE) is a modality which has proven to reduce treatment duration of patients with iron overload from HH. In this study, we investigated the time to reach TSAT <70% for both treatment modalities.MethodsFrom a previous randomized controlled trial comparing erythrocytaphereses with phlebotomies (PBMs), we performed an analysis in a subgroup of patients who presented with TSAT >70%. Mann‐Whitney U tests were performed to compare the number of treatments and the number of weeks to reach the interim goal of a persistent level of <70% for TSAT between TE and PBM.ResultsThe period to reach TSAT levels of <70% was statistically significant shorter for the TE group compared to the PBM treatment group (median treatment procedures [IQR] 2.0 (5) vs 16.0 (23), P‐value: <.001, and median treatment duration [IQR]: 5.5 (11) vs 19.0 (29) weeks, P‐value: .007).ConclusionPatients with HH reach a safe TSAT <70% significantly sooner and with less treatment procedures with TE compared to PBM.