bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the black slope: analysis of the course of a blunt renal trauma collective in a winter sports region
Authors: Deininger Christian , Freude Thomas , Wichlas Florian , Kriechbaumer Lukas Konstantin , Deininger Sebastian Hubertus Markus , Törzsök Peter , Lusuardi Lukas , Pallauf Maximilian , Deluca Amelie , Deininger Susanne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to analyze the injury patterns and clinical course of a winter sport dominated by blunt renal trauma collective.

Methods
Blunt renal trauma cases (N = 106) treated in a Level 1 Trauma Center in Austria were analyzed.

Results
We encountered 12.3% grade 1, 10.4% grade 2, 32.1% grade 3, 38.7% grade 4 and 6.6% grade 5 renal traumata classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST). The mechanisms of injury (MOI) did not have an influence on the frequency of HG trauma (i.e., grade 4 and 5). No concomitant injuries (CIs) were found in 57.9% of patients. The number of patients without CIs was significantly higher in the sports associated trauma group compared to other MOIs (p < 0.01). In 94.3% the primary treatment was a non-operative management (NOM) including 56.6% conservative, 34.0% endourological, and 3.8% interventional therapies. A follow-up computed tomography (FU-CT) was performed in 81.1%, 3.3 days after trauma. After FU-CT, the primary therapy was changed in 11.4% of cases (grade ≥ 3). Comparing the Hb loss between the patients with grade 3 and 4 kidney trauma with and without revision surgery, we find a significantly increased Hb loss within the first 96 h after the trauma in the group with a needed change of therapy (p < 0.0001). The overall rate of nephrectomy (primary or secondary) was 9.4%. Independent predictors of nephrectomy were HG trauma (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.05), and sex (p < 0.05). The probability of nephrectomy was lower with (winter) sports-associated trauma (p < 0.1).

Conclusions
Sports-associated blunt renal trauma is more likely to occur isolated, and has a lower risk of severe outcomes, compared to other trauma mechanisms. NOM can successfully be performed in over 90% of all trauma grades.
Image quality and radiologists’ subjective acceptance using model-based iterative and deep learning reconstructions as adjuncts to ultrahigh-resolution CT in low-dose contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT: phantom and clinical pilot studies
Authors: Nishikawa Makiko , Machida Haruhiko , Shimizu Yuta , Kariyasu Toshiya , Morisaka Hiroyuki , Adachi Takuya , Nakai Takehiro , Sakaguchi Kosuke , Saito Shun , Matsumoto Saki , Koyanagi Masamichi , Yokoyama Kenichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT (CE-APCT) for oncologic follow-up, ultrahigh-resolution CT (UHRCT) may improve depiction of fine lesions and low-dose scans are desirable for minimizing the potential adverse effects by ionizing radiation. We compared image quality and radiologists’ acceptance of model-based iterative (MBIR) and deep learning (DLR) reconstructions of low-dose CE-APCT by UHRCT.

Methods
Using our high-resolution (matrix size: 1024) and low-dose (tube voltage 100 kV; noise index: 20–40 HU) protocol, we scanned phantoms to compare the modulation transfer function and noise power spectrum between MBIR and DLR and assessed findings in 36 consecutive patients who underwent CE-APCT (noise index: 35 HU; mean CTDIvol: 4.2 ± 1.6 mGy) by UHRCT. We used paired t-test to compare objective noise and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare radiologists’ subjective acceptance regarding noise, image texture and appearance, and diagnostic confidence between MBIR and DLR using our routine protocol (matrix size: 512; tube voltage: 120 kV; noise index: 15 HU) for reference.

Results
Phantom studies demonstrated higher spatial resolution and lower low-frequency noise by DLR than MBIR at equal doses. Clinical studies indicated significantly worse objective noise, CNR, and subjective noise by DLR than MBIR, but other subjective characteristics were better (P < 0.001 for all). Compared with the routine protocol, subjective noise was similar or better by DLR, and other subjective characteristics were similar or worse by MBIR.

Conclusion
Image quality, except regarding noise characteristics, and acceptance by radiologists were better by DLR than MBIR in low-dose CE-APCT by UHRCT.

Graphical abstract
Analysis of semi-open queueing networks using lost customers approximation with an application to robotic mobile fulfilment systems
Authors: Otten Sonja , Krenzler Ruslan , Xie Lin , Daduna Hans , Kruse Karsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider a semi-open queueing network (SOQN), where one resource from a resource pool is needed to serve a customer. If on arrival of a customer some resource is available, the resource is forwarded to an inner network to complete the customer’s order. If no resource is available, the new customer waits in an external queue until one becomes available (“backordering”). When a resource exits the inner network, it is returned to the resource pool. We develop a new solution approach. In a first step we modify the system such that new arrivals are lost if the resource pool is empty (“lost customers”). We adjust the arrival rate of the modified system such that the throughputs in all nodes of the inner network are pairwise identical to those in the original network. Using queueing theoretical methods, in a second step we reduce this inner network to a two-station system including the resource pool. For this two-station systems, we invert the first step and obtain a standard SOQN which can be solved analytically. We apply our results to storage and delivering systems with robotic mobile fulfilment systems (RMFSs). Instead of sending pickers to the storage area to search for the ordered items and pick them, robots carry shelves with ordered items from the storage area to picking stations. We model the RMFS as an SOQN to determine the minimal number of robots.
Prediction of prostate cancer grade using fractal analysis of perfusion MRI: retrospective proof-of-principle study
Authors: Michallek Florian , Huisman Henkjan , Hamm Bernd , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Maxeiner Andreas , Dewey Marc 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Multiparametric MRI has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting prostate cancer, but non-invasive prediction of tumor grade remains challenging. Characterizing tumor perfusion by exploiting the fractal nature of vascular anatomy might elucidate the aggressive potential of a tumor. This study introduces the concept of fractal analysis for characterizing prostate cancer perfusion and reports about its usefulness for non-invasive prediction of tumor grade.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the openly available PROSTATEx dataset with 112 cancer foci in 99 patients. In all patients, histological grading groups specified by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) were obtained from in-bore MRI-guided biopsy. Fractal analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI sequences was performed, yielding fractal dimension (FD) as quantitative descriptor. Two-class and multiclass diagnostic accuracy was analyzed using area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic analysis, and optimal FD cutoffs were established. Additionally, we compared fractal analysis to conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements.

Results
Fractal analysis of perfusion allowed accurate differentiation of non-significant (group 1) and clinically significant (groups 2–5) cancer with a sensitivity of 91% (confidence interval [CI]: 83–96%) and a specificity of 86% (CI: 73–94%). FD correlated linearly with ISUP groups (r2 = 0.874, p < 0.001). Significant groupwise differences were obtained between low, intermediate, and high ISUP group 1–4 (p ≤ 0.001) but not group 5 tumors. Fractal analysis of perfusion was significantly more reliable than ADC in predicting non-significant and clinically significant cancer (AUCFD = 0.97 versus AUCADC = 0.77, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Fractal analysis of perfusion MRI accurately predicts prostate cancer grading in low-, intermediate-, and high-, but not highest-grade, tumors.

Key Points
• In 112 prostate carcinomas, fractal analysis of MR perfusion imaging accurately differentiated low-, intermediate-, and high-grade cancer (ISUP grade groups 1–4).
• Fractal analysis detected clinically significant prostate cancer with a sensitivity of 91% (83–96%) and a specificity of 86% (73–94%).
• Fractal dimension of perfusion at the tumor margin may provide an imaging biomarker to predict prostate cancer grading.
Protective effect of HINT2 on mitochondrial function via repressing MCU complex activation attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Su , Chen Jinxiang , Liu Muyin , Chen Yuqiong , Wu Yuan , Li Qiyu , Ma Teng , Gao Jinfeng , Xia Yan , Fan Mengkang , Chen Ao , Lu Danbo , Su Enyong , Xu Fei , Chen Zhangwei , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrent evidence indicates that coronary microcirculation is a key target for protecting against cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex activation and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) overload are underlying mechanisms involved in cardiovascular disease. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding 2 (HINT2) has been reported to modulate [Ca2+]m via the MCU complex, and our previous work demonstrated that HINT2 improved cardiomyocyte survival and preserved heart function in mice with cardiac ischemia. This study aimed to explore the benefits of HINT2 on cardiac microcirculation in I/R injury with a focus on mitochondria, the MCU complex, and [Ca2+]m overload in endothelial cells. The present work demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression significantly reduced the no-reflow area and improved microvascular perfusion in I/R-injured mouse hearts, potentially by promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation. Microvascular barrier function was compromised by reperfusion injury, but was repaired by HINT2 overexpression via inhibiting VE-Cadherin phosphorylation at Tyr731 and enhancing the VE-Cadherin/β-Catenin interaction. In addition, HINT2 overexpression inhibited the inflammatory response by suppressing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Mitochondrial fission occurred in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis, the effects of which were largely relieved by HINT2 overexpression. Additional experiments confirmed that [Ca2+]m overload was an initiating factor for mitochondrial fission and that HINT2 suppressed [Ca2+]m overload via modulation of the MCU complex through directly interacting with MCU in CMECs. Regaining [Ca2+]m overload by spermine, an MCU agonist, abolished all the protective effects of HINT2 on OGD/R-injured CMECs and I/R-injured cardiac microcirculation. In conclusion, the present report demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression inhibited MCU complex-mitochondrial calcium overload-mitochondrial fission and apoptosis pathway, and thereby attenuated cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Modelling and Simulation of Phase Formations in Martensitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Kresser Simona , Schneider Reinhold , Zunko Horst , Sommitsch Christof 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModelling and simulation of solidification processes and solid-state phase transformation have become key instruments in the field of alloy development and heat treatment optimization. Apart from equilibrium-controlled processes, also diffusion-based effects need to be considered. This contribution presents some typical approaches at the example of martensitic stainless steels. Important aspects affecting the production and properties of these steels, such as alloying limits with nitrogen, the formation of ledeburitic structures, or the retained austenite content after heat treatment, can be predicted with reasonable accuracy.
The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA): Development of a New Adapted Assessment Measure for Remote Telehealth Administration Through COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Dow Deanna , Holbrook Alison , Toolan Christina , McDonald Nicole , Sterrett Kyle , Rosen Nicole , Kim So Hyun , Lord Catherine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInterest in telehealth assessment for autism has increased due to COVID-19 and subsequent expansion of remote psychological services, though options that are easy for clinicians to adopt and available through the lifespan are limited. The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) provides a social context with standardized materials and activities that can be coded by clinicians trained in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The current project examined psychometric properties to determine optimal use for each BOSA version. Three hundred and seven participants with 453 BOSAs were included to determine best performing items for algorithms, validity, sensitivity, specificity, recommended cut-offs, and proposed ranges of concern. While preliminary, the BOSA provides a promising new option for telehealth-administered assessment for autism.
Implications of the Resource Nexus on International Relations: The Case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Authors: Bleischwitz Raimund , Kirschke Sabrina , Adam Nora 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is causing tensions and potential for conflict along the Nile. Egypt fears water losses and threatens sanctions; Ethiopia plans to expand the electric power supply. The United Nations Security Council is advocating negotiations under the auspices of the African Union. Against this backdrop, this article discusses the nexus between water and energy in International Relations. A constructivist perspective helps to elaborate potential solutions on energy systems, water demand management and food that may be helpful in upcoming talks and in institution-building in similar endeavours.
An Integrated Deep Learning and Belief Rule Base Intelligent System to Predict Survival of COVID-19 Patient under Uncertainty
Authors: Ahmed Tawsin Uddin , Jamil Mohammad Newaj , Hossain Mohammad Shahadat , Islam Raihan Ul , Andersson Karl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe novel Coronavirus-induced disease COVID-19 is the biggest threat to human health at the present time, and due to the transmission ability of this virus via its conveyor, it is spreading rapidly in almost every corner of the globe. The unification of medical and IT experts is required to bring this outbreak under control. In this research, an integration of both data and knowledge-driven approaches in a single framework is proposed to assess the survival probability of a COVID-19 patient. Several neural networks pre-trained models: Xception, InceptionResNetV2, and VGG Net, are trained on X-ray images of COVID-19 patients to distinguish between critical and non-critical patients. This prediction result, along with eight other significant risk factors associated with COVID-19 patients, is analyzed with a knowledge-driven belief rule-based expert system which forms a probability of survival for that particular patient. The reliability of the proposed integrated system has been tested by using real patient data and compared with expert opinion, where the performance of the system is found promising.
Selective laser melting of Al and AlSi10Mg: parameter study and creep experiments
Authors: Fiedler Torben , Dörries Kai , Rösler Joachim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelective laser melted (SLM) aluminum alloys are widely used for many technical applications. However, the application is limited to low temperatures due to their relatively poor creep resistance. The creep resistance and strength could be enhanced by oxide dispersion-strengthening. A hypothesis is that oxygen intake during selective laser melting can lead to formation of fine aluminum oxides and thus strengthen the SLMed part. To elucidate this in more detail, selective laser melted AlSi10Mg was tested in creep experiments at temperatures of 300 °C. Although, in other studies at lower temperatures, a relatively large stress exponent for creep was found, the high temperatures in this work led to a creep exponent of just 7 to 8, indicating no significant dispersion strengthening. Furthermore, for future research, it was necessary to investigate the feasibility of SLM with pure aluminum. For this purpose, a parameter study was carried out and an optimum parameter set for pure aluminum was found. Dense samples with a porosity below 0.2% were produced. Selective laser melting was carried out with a varying oxygen content in the inert-gas atmosphere to elucidate the hypothetic strengthening effects by oxygen intake. However, even at 800 ppm oxygen in the atmosphere, no effect on hardness and microstructure could be observed.
Reactivity and selectivity modulation within a molecular assembly: recent examples from photochemistry
Authors: Sempere Yeshua , Morgenstern Martin , Bach Thorsten , Plaza Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, photochemical reactions have emerged as powerful transformations which significantly expand the repertoire of organic synthesis. However, a certain lack of selectivity can hamper their application and limit their scope. In this context, a major research effort continues to focus on an improved control over stereo- and chemoselectivity that can be achieved in molecular assemblies between photosubstrates and an appropriate host molecule. In this tutorial review, some recent, representative examples of photochemical reactions have been collected whose unique outcome is dictated by the formation of a molecular assembly driven by non-covalent weak interactions.
Graphical Abstract
Reprogramming Mycobacterium Tuberculosis CRISPR System for Gene Editing and Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screening
Authors: Rahman Khaista , Jamal Muhammad , Chen Xi , Zhou Wei , Yang Bin , Zou Yanyan , Xu Weize , Lei Yingying , Wu Chengchao , Cao Xiaojian , Tyagi Rohit , Naeem Muhammad Ahsan , Lin Da , Habib Zeshan , Peng Nan , Fu Zhen F. , Cao Gang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), which is still the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious disease worldwide. The development of novel anti-TB drugs and vaccines is severely hampered by the complicated and time-consuming genetic manipulation techniques for M. tuberculosis. Here, we harnessed an endogenous type III-A CRISPR/Cas10 system of M. tuberculosis for efficient gene editing and RNA interference (RNAi). This simple and easy method only needs to transform a single mini-CRISPR array plasmid, thus avoiding the introduction of exogenous protein and minimizing proteotoxicity. We demonstrated that M. tuberculosis genes can be efficiently and specifically knocked in/out by this system as confirmed by DNA high-throughput sequencing. This system was further applied to single- and multiple-gene RNAi. Moreover, we successfully performed genome-wide RNAi screening to identify M. tuberculosis genes regulating in vitro and intracellular growth. This system can be extensively used for exploring the functional genomics of M. tuberculosis and facilitate the development of novel anti-TB drugs and vaccines.
Primary school education resources on conservation in New Zealand over-emphasise killing of non-native mammals
Authors: Morris Michael C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGuidelines for sustainability linked to the government-approved National Curriculum for education in New Zealand emphasise values of empathy and respect for all life. These instruct educators to discuss different values around sustainability and conservation.I reviewed educational resources published or endorsed by government agencies to determine compliance with these sustainability Guidelines. The resources reviewed promote the view that non-native mammals should be killed. Some resources go further in giving instructions to children on how to do this, and how to source kill traps.Children are provided with material designed to engender dislike towards non-native mammals, particularly possums. Resources conflate issues of conservation by tying it in with protection of tourism, ornamental plants and primary industries.This encouragement of killing in environmental educational resources appears unique to New Zealand. It is discussed in light of increasing evidence that performing or witnessing animal abuse is a causal factor for future violence towards human and non-human animals.
Incidence of idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo subtype by hospital visit type: experience of a single tertiary referral centre
Authors: Kim C-H , Jeong H , Shin J E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo subtype by hospital visit type (i.e. out-patient department vs emergency room), in a single tertiary referral centre.MethodsA total of 772 consecutive patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were included. Using head-roll and Dix–Hallpike tests, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo subtype was determined as canalolithiasis posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, geotropic horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo or apogeotropic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.ResultsThe posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients who were evaluated via the out-patient department outnumbered those evaluated via the emergency room, while those with horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo who were evaluated via the emergency room outnumbered those evaluated via the out-patient department.ConclusionA significantly higher proportion of patients who visited the emergency room had horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo than posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. These results suggest that the true incidence of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo might be higher than previously reported.
A systematic review of facial plastic surgery simulation training models
Authors: Mohd Slim M A , Hurley R , Lechner M , Milner T D , Okhovat S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to a need for alternative teaching methods in facial plastics. This systematic review aimed to identify facial plastics simulation models, and assess their validity and efficacy as training tools.MethodsLiterature searches were performed. The Beckman scale was used for validity. The McGaghie Modified Translational Outcomes of Simulation-Based Mastery Learning score was used to evaluate effectiveness.ResultsOverall, 29 studies were selected. These simulated local skin flaps (n = 9), microtia frameworks (n = 5), pinnaplasty (n = 1), facial nerve anastomosis (n = 1), oculoplastic procedures (n = 5), and endoscopic septoplasty and septorhinoplasty simulators (n = 10). Of these models, 14 were deemed to be high-fidelity, 13 low-fidelity and 2 mixed-fidelity. None of the studies published common outcome measures.ConclusionSimulators in facial plastic surgical training are important. These models may have some training benefits, but most could benefit from further assessment of validity.