bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lichenoid cutaneous skin eruption and associated systemic inflammatory response following Pfizer‐BioNTech mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine administration
Authors: Onn Pei‐Yee , Chang Catherina L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe global effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have driven unprecedented rapid development and mass deployment of vaccinations against the novel coronavirus. However, the short‐ and long‐term adverse reactions following COVID‐19 vaccinations are still under investigation as insufficient time has passed to fully explore these. The Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine has thus far shown a favourable safety profile in phase I–III studies. Although infrequent cases of generalized cutaneous reactions and systemic inflammatory response have been reported following other mRNA vaccines, these have not been reported following the Pfizer‐BioNTech vaccine. We report a case of generalized lichenoid skin eruptions and systemic inflammatory response occurring together following the first dose of the Pfizer‐BioNTech vaccine. Our case report adds to an accumulating body of literature connecting autoimmunity with the pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus disease.
A case of massive saddle pulmonary embolism and benign tracheal stenosis in a patient with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Nehme Ralph , Fleifel Mohamad , Abou Khalil Melissa , Al Dailaty Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, China, has become a global pandemic affecting millions of people around the globe. These patients are prone to a number of complications either related to their disease or to the different treatment modalities. Pulmonary embolism (PE) and benign post‐intubation tracheal stenosis (BTS) are among these complications. In this study, we report the case of a patient with a recent COVID‐19 infection that got complicated by a massive PE as well as a BTS.
An Electromagnetic Fiber Acoustic Transducer with Dual Modes of Loudspeaker and Microphone
Authors: Zou Junyi , Ling Feiyao , Shi Xiang , Xu Kailiang , Wu Huiyang , Chen Peining , Zhang Bo , Ta Dean , Peng Huisheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA flexible fiber acoustic transducer is created by designing a parallel configuration of a Rubidium iron boron (NdFeB) magnet fiber and an aluminum fiber. The former provides a stable magnet field, while the latter vibrates to phonate upon applying alternating current or generates alternating voltage in the sound field. This single device exhibits dual functions as a loudspeaker or a microphone. As a fiber loudspeaker, it can generate 40–60 dB of audible (20 Hz−20 kHz) and directional sounds which can be used for blind navigation and controllable sound field distribution. The fiber acoustic transducer functions as a microphone when external sound waves force the aluminum fiber to vibrate. After the fiber microphones are woven into several different positions of a piece of clothing, the sound source can be accurately located based on the time differences reaching different microphones. This wearable fiber acoustic transducer is promising to be used to quickly search people in trouble during emergency rescue activities such as earthquakes or fires.
Core–Shell CoSe2/WSe2 Heterostructures@Carbon in Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Advanced Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shengqiang , Sun Lili , Yu Le , Zhai Gaohong , Li Lixiang , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeterojunction, with the advantage of fast charge transfer dynamics, is considered to be an effective strategy to address the low capacity and poor rate capability of anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). As well, carbonaceous materials, as a crucial additive, can effectively ameliorate the ion/electron conductivity of integrated composites, realizing the fast ion transport and charge transfer. Here, motivated by the enhancement effect of carbon and heterojunction on conductivity, it is proposed that the CoSe2/WSe2 heterojunction as inner core is coated by carbon outer shell and uniformly embedded in porous carbon nanosheets (denoted as CoSe2/WSe2@C/CNs), which is used as anode material for SIBs. Combining with density functional theoretical calculations, it is confirmed that the structure of heterojunction can introduce built‐in electric‐field, which can accelerate the transportation of Na+ and improve the conductivity of electrons. Moreover, the introduction of porous carbon nanosheets (CNs) can provide a channel for the transportation of Na+ and avoid the volume expansion during Na+ insertion and extraction process. As it is expected, CoSe2/WSe2@C/CNs anode displays ultrastable specific capacity of 501.9 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 over 200 cycles, and ultrahigh rate capacity of 625 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles.
One‐Step Prepared Water‐Resistant Organic–Inorganic‐Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Dots with Zn–Oxygen Vacancies for Attempts at Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Gao Yixuan , Su Xiao , Zhang Jiangwei , Tan Hongwei , Sun Jianghui , Ouyang Jin , Na Na 
Published: October 2021

AbstractApplying organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is hindered long‐term by the inherent instability in water and tedious preparations. Here, to realize PQD‐catalyzed photocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR), water‐resistant PQDs are simply prepared through one‐step electrospray synthesis in microseconds. During the fast electrospray, PQDs of Zn/PbO‐doped methylammonium lead bromide (Zn/PbO/PC–Zn/MAPbBr3, MA: CH3NH3) are prepared and part‐encapsulated by polycarbonate. The synthesis maintains good water resistance, whose restriction on charge transport is overcome skillfully. Simultaneously, substitution of Zn with Pb on water‐resistant surface is also achieved, which fabricates new Zn–oxygen vacancies (Zn‐OVs) with Zn/PbO–Zn/MAPbBr3 type I heterojunction. This facilitates efficient electron transfer from internal heterojunction interface of Zn/MAPbBr3 PQDs to the surface of Zn/PbO. Demonstrated by theoretical calculations, Zn‐OVs promote chemisorption and polarization of N2. In addition, s‐electrons in exposed Zn become active due to changes of electron filling of Zn orbitals under OVs’ co‐doping. Thus, photocatalytic N2 reduction reaction catalyzed by organic–inorganic hybrid PQDs is first achieved in aqueous phase without sacrificial agents being added. This initiates possibilities for photocatalytic applications of organic–inorganic hybrid PQDs in aqueous phase.
A Vertical Silicon Nanowire Based Single Transistor Neuron with Excitatory, Inhibitory, and Myelination Functions for Highly Scalable Neuromorphic Hardware
Authors: Han Joon‐Kyu , Oh Jungyeop , Yu Ji‐Man , Choi Sung‐Yool , Choi Yang‐Kyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA single transistor neuron (1T‐neuron) is demonstrated by using a vertically protruded nanowire from an 8 in. silicon (Si) wafer. The 1T‐neuron adopts a gate‐all‐around structure to completely surround the Si nanowire (Si‐NW) to make a floating body and allow aggressive downscaling. The Si‐NW is composed of an n+drain at the top, n+source at the bottom, and p‐type floating body at the middle, which are self‐aligned vertically. Thus, it occupies a small footprint area. The gate controls an excitatory/inhibitory function. In addition, myelination of a biological neuron that changes membrane capacitance is mimicked by an inherently asymmetric source/drain structure. Two spiking frequencies at the same input current are controlled by whether the neuron is myelinated or unmyelinated. Using the vertical 1T‐neuron, pattern recognition is demonstrated with both measurements and semiempirical circuit simulations. Furthermore, handwritten numbers in the MNIST database are recognized with accuracy of 93% by software‐based simulations. Applicability of the vertical 1T‐neuron to various neural networks is verified, including a single‐layer perceptron, multilayer perceptron, and spiking neural network.
Micrometer‐Sized, Dual‐Conductive MoO2/β‐MoO3‐x Mosaics for High Volumetric Capacity Li/Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Ruizhe , Dong Wujie , Pan Jun , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe transition metal oxides (TMOs) with high volumetric capacities are promising anodes for the future electronics, however, they usually suffer from severe capacity decay and poor rate capability. Carbon hybridization and nanosizing can resolve these challenges, yet these significantly compromise the volumetric capacity. Herein, both high capacity and long cycling stability are simultaneously achieved in the micrometer‐sized Mo‐based oxide particles by designing the dual conductive MoO2/β‐MoO3‐x mosaics. The rational combination of the highly electronically conductive MoO2 with the highly ionically conductive and open‐structured β‐MoO3 achieves a promising volumetric capacity of 1742 mAh cm−3, which is four times higher than the commercial graphite. Simultaneously, both stable cycling performance (87% retention after 500 cycles) and excellent rate capability (outperformed a majority of the MoO2‐based anodes reported in literature) are obtained in the lithium‐ion batteries. For the sodium‐ion batteries, the composite exhibits three times higher Na+ storage than pure MoO2. Moreover, the decisive role of the bond energy on the electrochemical performance of TMOs is also identified. This study may open up new perspectives for choosing and designing the TMO anodes with a high volumetric capacity for the practical applications.
Phase‐Controllable Growth NixPy Modified CdS@Ni3S2 Electrodes for Efficient Electrocatalytic and Enhanced Photoassisted Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Dong Qianwen , Li Mingli , Sun Mingshuang , Si Fangyuan , Gao Qiongzhi , Cai Xin , Xu Yuehua , Yuan Teng , Zhang Shengsen , Peng Feng , Fang Yueping , Yang Siyuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rational design and construction of cost‐effective nickel‐based phosphide or sulfide (photo)electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting has sparked a huge investigation surge in recent years. Whereas, nickel phosphides (NixPy) possess more than ten stoichiometric compositions with different crystalline. Constructing NixPy with well crystalline and revealing their intrinsic catalytic mechanism at atomic/molecular levels remains a great challenge. Herein, an easy‐to‐follow phase‐controllable phosphating strategy is first proposed to prepare well crystalline NixPy (Ni3P and Ni12P5) modified CdS@Ni3S2 heterojunction electrocatalysts. It is found that Ni3P modified CdS@Ni3S2 (CdS@Ni3S2/Ni3P) exhibits remarkable stability and bifunctional electrocatalytic activities in both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Density functional theory results suggest that P–Ni sites and P sites in CdS@Ni3S2/Ni3P, respectively, serve as OER and HER active sites during electrocatalytic water splitting processes. Moreover, benefiting from the advantageous photocatalyst@electrocatalyst core@shell structure, CdS@Ni3S2/Ni3P delivers an advantaged photoassisted electrocatalytic water splitting property. The champion electrical to hydrogen and solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiencies of CdS@Ni3S2/Ni3P, respectively, reach 93.35% and 4.65%. This work will provide a general guidance for synergistically using solar energy and electric energy for large‐scale H2 production from water splitting.
Ultrasound characteristics, serum biochemistry and outcome of ectopic pregnancies presenting during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kyriacou C. , Cooper N. , Robinson E. , Parker N. , Barcroft J. , Kundu S. , Letchworth P. , Sur S. , Gould D. , Stalder C. , Bourne T. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe and compare the characteristics of ectopic pregnancies (EPs) in the year prior to vs during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of women diagnosed with an EP on transvaginal sonography conducted at a center in London, UK, providing early‐pregnancy assessment, between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. Women were identified via the Astraia ultrasound reporting system using coded and non‐coded outcomes of EP or pregnancy outside the uterine cavity. Data related to predefined outcomes were collected using Astraia and Cerner electronic reporting systems. Main outcome measures included clinical, ultrasound and biochemical features of EP, in addition to reported complications and management.ResultsThere were 22 683 consultations over the 2‐year period. Following consultation, a similar number and proportion of EPs were diagnosed in 2019 (141/12 657 (1%)) and 2020 (134/10 026 (1%)). Both cohorts were comparable in age, ethnicity, weight and method of conception. Gestational age at the first transvaginal sonography scan and at diagnosis were similar, and no difference in location, size or morphology of EP was found between the two cohorts. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels at the time of EP diagnosis were higher in 2020 than in 2019 (1005 IU/L vs 665 IU/L; P = 0.03). The proportions of women according to type of final EP management were similar, but the rate of failed first‐line management was higher during vs before the pandemic (16% vs 6%; P = 0.01). The rates of blood detected in the pelvis (hemoperitoneum) on ultrasound (23% vs 26%; P = 0.58) and of ruptured EP confirmed surgically (9% vs 3%; P = 0.07) were similar in 2019 vs 2020.ConclusionsNo difference was observed in the location, size, morphology or gestational age at the first ultrasound examination or at diagnosis of EP between women diagnosed before vs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Complication rates and final management strategy were also unchanged. However, hCG levels and the failure rate of first‐line conservative management measures were higher during the pandemic. Our findings suggest that women continued to access appropriate care for EP during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with no evidence of diagnostic delay or an increase in adverse outcome in our population. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The Constant Search for New Sustainable Funding Sources for Public Universities
Authors: Mathieson Peter William 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough publicly-funded universities receive financial support from governments for teaching, research and infrastructure, they require additional sources of income in order to survive and thrive, and particularly to allow innovation and strategic development. It is amongst the responsibilities of the university leadership to ensure financial viability and to seek novel sources of funding, tasks for which they are not always well-trained. In this chapter, the author draws on his experience as a university leader on two continents to illustrate the possibilities as well as some of the hurdles and challenges. The chapter includes sections on philanthropy; alumni relations; industry/business relationships; commercialisation of research; and digital technologies & future horizons. Universities need to diversify their income streams, invest to succeed and get better at demonstrating their societal worth. Education is one of the most powerful tools of social and economic mobility. The world needs us to succeed!
Arizona State University: A Learning Enterprise Supporting P-12 Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Basile Carole G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough no one was fully prepared for a pandemic in 2020, Arizona State University was ready and able to respond. As the COVID-19 virus began to spread across the world, ASU began moving university students to remote learning environments. As K-12 schools began to close across the nation, ASU disseminated elementary- and secondary-level educational resources and created hybrid learning opportunities for students of all ages.Three distinct categories of action defined the university’s response to COVID-19:

Direct provision of education to P-12 learners

Provision of human and intellectual capital (people and ideas) to P-12 schools

Curation and provision of free educational resources to learners, families, and schools

Many of the existing long-term commitments being pursued by various ASU units had helped the university develop capabilities that could immediately be applied to help elementary and secondary learners and the education professionals serving them during the pandemic. Some of the immediate responses accelerated the university’s efforts to pursue long-term actions that could help both schools and P-12 students and families integrate remote learning and instruction into effective education models.ASU responded rapidly to the educational challenges COVID-19 presented because the university had a high degree of institutional readiness in at least three key areas of operational excellence and organizational culture:

A core set of preexisting commitments and functional capabilities in the area of technology-enhanced instruction

Strong existing partnerships with P-12 schools

An institutional vision to universal learning that demands a university be ready and able to deliver instruction to all learners across many modalities

This chapter only represents a moment in time, the beginning of the pandemic, and the actions taken to support and ameliorate consequences. Since this time, much has happened.
Case Study on Distance Learning for K-12 Education in Japan: The Nagasaki-Takaoka Model
Authors: Umejima Masaki , Wong Cherry H. Y. , Kokuryo Jiro , Murai Jun , Farber David , Okawa Keiko , Suzuki Kan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA pre-existing partnership between the Japanese Government and Keio University paved the way for K-12 education to embrace distance learning. The university has been engaging in the revision of educational ICT policies in Japan for many years. In Japan, universities have been accumulating knowledge in distance learning practices since the emergence of the Internet, though earlier educational ICT policy required the ICT system in K-12 education to depend on dedicated Internet lines. In December 2019, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) announced a new ICT policy to allow K-12 education to launch distance learning classes via public cloud on the Internet. The university’s experience with running distance learning, bundled with the stipulations of the new educational ICT policy, enabled K-12 education to carry out distance learning. New subjects can be taught daily, and continuity of education is ensured in disaster situations, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. The research team at Keio University built the “Nagasaki-Takaoka Model” as a reference model with the added aim of ensuring data security and trust in the open network. In December 2020, Takaoka City successfully deployed the “Nagasaki-Takaoka Model” across all public schools.
Risiken des Klimawandels: Wie kann man mit den vielfältigen Unsicherheiten bei Risikobewertung und Anpassung an den Klimawandel umgehen?
Authors: Döll Petra 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungUm die vielfältigen Risiken des Klimawandels zu verringern, ist es notwendig, diese in lokalen partizipativen Prozessen mit Stakeholdern und Wissenschaftler*innen zu analysieren und zu bewerten und Strategien zur Risikoverringerung entwickeln. Dabei spielen verschiedene Arten von Unsicherheiten eine wichtige Rolle und sollten explizit adressiert werden. Anhand einer Unsicherheitsklassifikation werden die für solche partizipativen Prozesse relevanten Unsicherheiten (epistemische, ontologische und linguistische Unsicherheiten sowie Uneindeutigkeit) diskutiert, und es werden Methoden zum Umgang mit diesen Unsicherheiten vorgestellt.
Southeastern Peripheries of Huaxia: The Historical-Cultural Interaction and Assimilation from Southern Man and Bai Yue of Mainland to Island Yi and Maritime Fan
Authors: Wu Chunming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the macroscopic situation of ethno-history in the East Asia, the mainstream of ethnic relationships in diverse regions has generally come along with the expansion of the Huaxia and Han nationality, as well as its interaction, conflicts, and assimilation with the neighboring cultures in “Four Directions”. The process of the so-called “Huaxianization” (华夏化) and “sinicization” (汉化) pushed forward step by step from the “Central Plains” and “Central Nation” in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, outward to the peripheries of its “Four Directions”, and from the mainland to the oceanic areas. In this process, the main pattern of ethnic interaction presented in a differentiated concentric geopolitical order of the “Central Nation (中国)”- peripheral “Four Directions” (四方) with “Nine States” (九州) and “Various States” (万国)—“Four Seas” as the “Gullied Boundary of China Nation” (四海为壑), finally resulting in the unity of China Nation of “Assimilation and Integration of Pluralistic Cultures” (多元一体) with the Han ethnicity as its core.
Ethno-Archaeological Investigation to the “Straw and Bark Woven Clothing” of Island Yi and Southern Man in South of China and Southeast Asia
Authors: Wu Chunming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe complex and variant patterns of costume were important parts of the human cultures in the history. Generally, the early dress of human beings started from the non-woven fabrics such as grass leaves, barks, beast coats and fur, and other natural resources, and developed into woven cloth products of fiber thread with warp and weft structure.The clothing variants are the cultural representation of ethnic groups, showing the different costume traditions and cultural features. In the ethnic cultural system of Asia–Pacific region, the ancient clothing made of cotton, hemp, silk, and wool fibers in the inland region of East Asia centered on the Central Plains has a long tradition since prehistory, represented by the so-called “Clothing and Dressing Civilization” of Huaxia and Han nationality in its sinocentrism, while on the coast of southern China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands, the non-woven bark cloth of the indigenous Bai Yue system and Austronesian presents another distinctive costume culture.
Complete hemispheric exposure vs. superior sagittal sinus sparing craniectomy: incidence of shear-bleeding and shunt-dependency
Authors: Vychopen Martin , Schneider Matthias , Borger Valeri , Schuss Patrick , Behning Charlotte , Vatter Hartmut , Güresir Erdem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DC) has been established as a standard therapeutical procedure for raised intracranial pressure. However, the size of the DC remains unspecified. The aim of this study was to analyze size related complications following DC.

Methods
Between 2013 and 2019, 306 patients underwent DC for elevated intracranial pressure at author´s institution. Anteroposterior and craniocaudal DC size was measured according to the postoperative CT scans. Patients were divided into two groups with (1) exposed superior sagittal sinus (SE) and (2) without superior sagittal sinus exposure (SC). DC related complications e.g. shear-bleeding at the margins of craniectomy and secondary hydrocephalus were evaluated and compared.

Results
Craniectomy size according to anteroposterior diameter and surface was larger in the SE group; 14.1 ± 1 cm vs. 13.7 ± 1.2 cm, p = 0.003, resp. 222.5 ± 40 cm2 vs. 182.7 ± 36.9 cm2, p < 0.0001. The SE group had significantly lower rates of shear-bleeding: 20/176 patients; (11%), compared to patients of the SC group; 36/130 patients (27%), p = 0.0003, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–5.5.
There was no significant difference in the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus; 19/130 patients (14.6%) vs. 24/176 patients (13.6%), p = 0.9.

Conclusions
Complete hemispheric exposure in terms of DC with SE was associated with significantly lower levels of iatrogenic shear-bleedings compared to a SC-surgical regime. Although we did not find significant outcome difference, our findings suggest aggressive craniectomy regimes including SE to constitute the surgical treatment strategy of choice for malignant intracranial pressure.