bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Queering Articulation
Authors: Morrison Benedict 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter uses key ideas from queer theory in order to argue that the queerness of Terence Davies’s The Long Day Closes (1992) lies less in its protagonist’s presumed homosexuality and more in its formal arrangement of quotations from disparate cultural texts. This bricolage exposes the operation of a culture committed to reproducing compulsory heterosexuality. Criticism, however, has concentrated on explaining the density and arbitrariness of cultural quotation through reference to Bud, insisting that the scraps of film and popular music that make up The Long Day Closes reflect the boy’s escape into self-expression, offering relief and release from the humdrummery and cruelties of life. Building on Derrida’s post-structuralist theories, this chapter argues that the mosaic of references does not provide a medium through which characters can speak, but rather speaks over characters and limits what is sayable. Far from nostalgic, this articulation-through-quotation constrains the possibilities of individual identity.
Conclusion
Authors: Morrison Benedict 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The conclusion compares eccentric film form to the spaces of a haunted house, considering how the disruption to structures of knowledge offered by both is tamed and diminished by the imposition of a centring character, a ghost in the machine. The subversive potential of art cinema, like that of the haunted house, is constrained by the centring critical manoeuvre of discovering (or constructing) a comprehensible protagonist with backstory and motivation. If, instead, the protagonist is read as just another symptom of a film’s complicated articulation, the effect of the text’s ability to disrupt and disturb habitual patterns of knowledge-making is reinstated. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of the rhizome, the conclusion argues for a criticism that does not seek to settle, but rather to unsettle, meaning.
Suffering and Moral Status
Authors: McMahan Jeff 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is a common claim in debates about abortion and the killing of animals that individuals, such as foetuses and non-human animals, that have psychological capacities significantly lower than those of adult human persons also have a moral status lower than that of persons. And those who defend this claim typically assume that it implies that the moral constraint against killing a foetus or animal is, if other things are equal, weaker than the constraint against killing a person. Many of these same people also claim, however, that the difference in moral status makes no difference to the strength of the constraint against causing suffering. They argue that the reason not to cause suffering to an individual who neither deserves nor is liable to be caused to suffer is equally strong whatever the nature or moral status of the potential victim is. There is, however, a type of individual whose psychological capacities and moral status are such that it is plausible to believe that the reason not to cause them to suffer is weaker than the reason not to cause equivalent suffering to a person. Most non-human animals are psychologically intermediate between these low-status individuals and persons. This raises the question, which is explored in this chapter, whether most animals have an intermediate moral status that makes their suffering matter more than that of the low-status individuals but less than that of persons.
An Interest-Based Model of Moral Status
Authors: DeGrazia David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter briefly defends each of the following theses, which together comprise an interest-based model of moral status: (1) Being human is neither necessary nor sufficient for moral status; (2) The capacity for consciousness is necessary but not sufficient; (3) Sentience is necessary and sufficient; (4) Social relations are not a basis for moral status but may ground special obligations to those with moral status; (5) The concept of personhood is unhelpful in modeling moral status, unless a non-vague conception is identified and its moral relevance clarified; (6) Sentient beings are entitled to equal consequentialist consideration; and (7) Sentient beings with substantial temporal self-awareness have special interests that justify the added protection of rights. This model will be engaged in illuminating the moral status of ordinary, self-aware human beings, non-paradigm humans, animals, robots and AI systems, brain organoids, and post-humans with superior self-awareness.
Is Moral Status Good for You?
Authors: Douglas Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Is moral status good for you? Does getting more moral status benefit you? Does losing it harm you? These questions are relevant to the question of whether we should seek to enhance, or disenhance, the cognitive and moral capacities of non-human animals, since doing so might affect their moral status. On one way of thinking, to have moral status is to be the object of a prudentially valuable form of recognition. On another, moral status is good for us because it provides protection against certain forms of harmful treatment. On yet another way of thinking, moral status is like an expensive taste or vulnerable disposition. The more we have, the more difficult it is for others to satisfy our (moral) needs, so it is instrumentally bad for us. Finally, on a fourth way of thinking, moral status is noninstrumentally good for us; it contributes constitutively to our wellbeing, like pleasure and (perhaps) positive achievements. This chapter explores each of these approaches to the evaluation of moral status.
Connecting Moral Status to Proper Legal Status
Authors: Sachs Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter entertains three proposals as to the connection between an animal’s moral status and what legal status it ought to have. The first proposal is this strong claim: that an act wrongs an animal is a justification for criminalizing it. The second proposal is this moderate claim: that an act constitutes an injustice to an animal is a justification for criminalizing it. Both of these proposals can be vindicated if an argument for legal moralism that the author constructs, drawing on the work of Michael Moore, is sound. Meanwhile, Martha Nussbaum, Alasdair Cochrane, and Robert Garner have each argued for the second proposal. The chapter demonstrates that all four of these arguments are unsound. The third proposal is this claim: it is obligatory for legislators to eliminate any aspect of the law that facilitates the wronging of animals. This proposal, the author argues, is sound. Comparatively weak though this proposal is, the chapter extracts from it radical implications for animal ownership and state funding of medical research on animal subjects.
Moral Status of Brain Organoids
Authors: Koplin Julian , Carter Olivia , Savulescu Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Brain organoid research raises ethical challenges not seen in other forms of stem cell research. Given that brain organoids recapitulate the development of the human brain, it is plausible that brain organoids could one day attain consciousness and perhaps even higher cognitive abilities. Brain organoid research therefore raises difficult questions about these organoids’ moral status—questions that currently fall outside the scope of existing regulations and guidelines. This chapter offers a novel moral framework for brain organoid research. It outlines the conditions under which brain organoids might attain moral status and explain what this means for the ethics of experimenting with these entities.
How Much Moral Status Could Artificial Intelligence Ever Achieve?
Authors: Sinnott-Armstrong Walter , Conitzer Vincent 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Philosophers often argue about whether fetuses, animals, or AI systems do or do not have moral status. We will suggest instead that different entities have different degrees of moral status with respect to different moral reasons in different circumstances for different purposes. Recognizing this variability of moral status will help to resolve some but not all debates about the potential moral status of AI systems in particular.
Monkeys, Moral Machines, and Persons
Authors: Lawrence David R. , Harris John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDebates over moral machines are often guilty of making wide assumptions about the nature of future autonomous entities, and frequently bypass the distinction between ‘agents’ and ‘actors’ to the detriment of their conclusions. The scope and limits of moral status are fundamentally linked to this distinction. We position non-Homo sapiens great apes as members of a particular moral status clade, which are treated in a similar fashion to that proposed for so-called ‘moral machines’. The principles by which we ultimately decide to treat great apes, and whether or not we decide to act upon our responsibilities to them as moral agents, are likely to be the same principles we use to decide our responsibilities to moral AI in the future.
Conclusion
Authors: MacArthur-Seal Daniel-Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The conclusion shows how Britain extracted itself from its military occupation of Istanbul with the success of the Lausanne negotiations for a new peace treaty for the region. It goes on to assess Britain’s military expansion and contraction in the eastern Mediterranean against the broader literature on the rise and fall of empires. It summarises the argument presented across the course of the book, claiming that such a short-lived imperium cannot be explained without accounting for the mental image of the Levant constructed by British servicemen and statesmen. It then shows how the consequences of occupation shaped the later histories of Istanbul, Alexandria, and Thessaloniki, making their integration into a common imperial project of the type seen in the years 1914–1923 increasingly unfeasible.
1800–1914
Authors: MacArthur-Seal Daniel-Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This sub-chapter provides a chronological overview of the nineteenth century development of Istanbul, Alexandria, and Thessaloniki. It summarizes how migration and demographic growth, infrastructural development, the establishment of municipal government, and development of urban planning contributed to the modern cities that British servicemen would encounter during the years under study, despite their insistence on characterising the region as ‘backward’. It then examines the expansion of British power in the eastern Mediterranean over the same period, highlighting how a series of political and economic developments had established a British presence in the region which would form a launchpad for the military campaigns beginning in 1914.
Introduction
Authors: Mulhall Stephen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the Introduction I offer a selective summary of the argument of Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality, placing particular emphasis on my interpretation of the genealogical method that it defines and employs, and on two of that method’s constituent features: its indebtedness to the value system it is used to criticize, and its inherent susceptibility to genealogical development. This allows me to introduce and justify the nature of my own attempt to elaborate upon Nietzsche’s concluding treatment of the ascetic ideal to include cultural developments after his death.
Authority and Revelation
Authors: Mulhall Stephen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter tracks the ascetic ideal from its religious point of origin to some of its key manifestations in the realms of morality and aesthetics. It relates Nietzsche’s original critique to Kierkegaard’s critical advocacy of Christianity, and uses Cavell to show how the latter can help us to understand twentieth-century artistic modernism as genealogically related to religious and moral concerns. It also argues that contemporary debates between moral individualists and moral philosophers influenced by Wittgenstein (such as Raimond Gaita and Cora Diamond) can be understood as arguments over contemporary manifestations of the ascetic ideal in both religion and morality. The central themes of the chapter are then brought together in a reading of a novel by William Golding.
When the Exception Is the Rule
Authors: Rasula Jed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cervantes’s Don Quixote is commonly accorded a foundational role in the history of the novel. Yet this inaugural gesture casts a paradoxical shadow on subsequent novels, inasmuch as it rebukes as aberrant the pleasure of indulging in novel-reading. Don Quixote brands later novels as quixotic in their generic hybridity, which can be traced to Don Quixote itself. It both is and is not a novel, setting the precedent for the novel as a genre endlessly in quest of exceptions to itself as genre—or, in the commercial context in which it has thrived, as generic. This chapter consolidates a torrent of pronouncements and observations on Don Quixote by scholars and writers which, taken collectively, reveal a kind of choral unanimity in the bewitchment to which they attest.
Fairy Tale Epic
Authors: Rasula Jed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Joseph Conrad’s novel Nostromo is the focus of this chapter. Hailed as its author’s most comprehensive effort at historic panorama, epic in scale, Nostromo also (if somewhat surreptitiously) engages the diminutive form of fairy tale. Combining epic with fairy tale provides the perplexing indeterminacy many readers detect, which is often attributed to Conrad’s literary impressionism. What he reveals, however, is that even the supposedly factual enterprise of history is subject to the vicissitudes commonly accorded “creative” (thus fictive) literary forms like epic, lyric, and fairy tale. History and myth emerge from Nostromo as helpless collaborators in the hybrid fabrications of modern fiction.
Balancing Community and Autonomy – To What Extent Does the Regime Reconcile ISA Regulatory Authority and Investment Protection for Corporate Actors?
Authors: Dingwall Joanna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 assesses the extent to which the deep seabed mining regime in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), as developed and enforced by the International Seabed Authority (ISA), strikes an appropriate balance between the dual common heritage goals of community and autonomy. Chapter 7 focuses on reconciling the ISA’s right to regulate on behalf of humanity with investment protection rights for deep seabed miners. It considers whether the UNCLOS deep seabed mining regime incorporates protections that are functionally equivalent to international investment law rights, backed by binding dispute resolution options. These are crucial considerations for corporate investors, and may influence the commercial viability of the regime. Chapter 7 then evaluates whether such investment protection rights may be balanced alongside the ISA’s right to regulate concerning the communitarian aspects of the common heritage, thereby achieving an overall balance between community and autonomy within the regime.
The Law-making Procedure
Authors: Heber Caroline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter is dedicated to the law-making process, which is predominantly procedural. The first part (subsections B and C) of this chapter reveals the involvement of the European institutions, namely the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Council and their respective, distinct roles within the legislative process. The second part (subsection D) analyses the requirement protecting the uniformity of European law, namely the last resort nature of enhanced cooperation. The third part (subsection E) explores ways for non-participating Member States to enter into enhanced cooperation, and ways in which participating Member States may leave the group. The last part (subsections F and G) of this chapter is dedicated to a more general question, the question of legislative power. Since the constitutional framework of enhanced cooperation only sets out the authorisation process for a group of Member States to use both the European institutions and the power of the European Union, the question of which laws can be enacted under the enhanced cooperation procedure, in particular with respect to the scope and content, depends on the ordinary competence framework. This part of the study provides an analysis of both the European internal market competence and the subsidiarity principle, and subsequently reveals what the Member States can accomplish in European taxation.
A Priori, Introspective, and Inferential Skepticism
Authors: Bergmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter completes the presentation and examination of the piecemeal underdetermination-based case for global skepticism (initiated earlier in the book) by focusing on underdetermination worries about a priori intuition, introspection, and reasoning. For each of these three belief sources, the chapter argues for two conclusions that were defended previously in the book with respect to two other belief sources: namely, perception and memory. The first conclusion is that there is an important gap between the evidence for the beliefs in question and the truth of the beliefs based on that evidence. The second conclusion is that we are unable to identify good arguments that can adequately bridge that gap. What these conclusions show, when applied to all five of these belief sources, is that trying to resist the piecemeal underdetermination-based case for global skepticism by relying on anti-skeptical arguments will not work.
Intuitionist Particularism: Elucidations and Defenses
Authors: Bergmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter elucidates and defends intuitionist particularism, which is introduced in Chapter Six. Sections 1 and 2 focus on seemings, elucidating the nature of epistemic intuitions understood as seemings and defending the reliance of intuitionist particularism on seemings. These sections present a detailed account of what seemings are and respond to various objections to seemings playing a role in philosophical work. Sections 3 and 4 elucidate the goal of the intuitionist particularist response to radical skepticism (noting that it is not intended to convert the skeptic) and defend the respectability of that commonsense response against the charges that it fails to engage the skeptic or to take radical skepticism seriously.
Easy Knowledge and Epistemic Circularity
Authors: Bergmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that the commonsense intuitionist particularist response to radical skepticism laid out in Chapters Six, Seven, and Eight does not fall prey to the Problem of Easy Knowledge, which can also be called the ‘Problem of Epistemic Circularity.’ The core concern here is that one can’t rationally rely on a belief source to justify the belief that that very belief source is trustworthy or reliable because that would be too easy, as well as circular. The chapter concedes that this sort of epistemic circularity is often problematic, yet argues that this is not true in general, but only in certain specified circumstances. It explains how epistemic circularity (which is disparaged largely on the basis of intuitions) can be defended both by arguments and by intuitions. And it uses these defenses to respond to the Problem of Easy Knowledge and Epistemic Circularity and to explain why it seems threatening even though it isn’t.
Honoring Trans and Gender-Expansive Students in Music Education
Authors: Garrett Matthew L. , Palkki Joshua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTrans and gender-expansive (TGE) youth deserve safe and empowering spaces to engage in high-quality school music experiences. Supportive music teachers ensure that all students have access to ethically and pedagogically sound music education. In this practical resource, authors Matthew Garrett and Joshua Palkki encourage music educators to honor gender diversity through ethically and pedagogically sound practices. Honoring Trans and Gender-Expansive Students in Music Education is intended for music teachers and music teacher educators across choral, instrumental, and general music classroom environments. Grounded in theory and nascent research, the authors provide historical and social context, and practical direction for working with students who inhabit a variety of spaces among a gender-identity and expression continuum. Trans and gender-expansive students often place their trust in music teachers, with whom they have developed a deep bond over time. It is essential, then, for music teachers to understand how issues of gender play out in formal and informal school music environments. Stories of TGE youth and their music teachers anchor practical suggestions for honoring students in school music classrooms and in more general school contexts. Part I of the book establishes the context needed to understand and work with TGE persons in school music settings by presenting essential vocabulary and foundational concepts related to trans and gender identity and expression. Part II focuses on praxis by connecting research and teaching pedagogy to practical applications of inclusive teaching practices to honor TGE students in school music classrooms.
Introduction
Authors: Garrett Matthew L. , Palkki Joshua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Introduction emphasizes the idea that music educators teach people through the art of music. The authors acknowledge their positionality in the LGBTQ and music education communities. They seek to elevate the voices of trans and gender-expansive (TGE) persons so that TGE stories may educate and inform pre-service music teachers, professional music teachers, and music teacher-educators. Two principal goals of the book are established: (a) celebrate and honor TGE persons in their own voices, and (b) create a resource with and for music teacher colleagues. The authors introduce their TGE collaborators and school music teacher collaborators working with TGE students. A book outline is provided.
Safe People Creating Safe Spaces
Authors: Garrett Matthew L. , Palkki Joshua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe second part of the book focuses on praxis, or the application of strategies, techniques, and pedagogy to successfully work with trans and gender-expansive (TGE) students. Chapter 3 lays a foundation for establishing and maintaining trusted relationships with TGE persons. In addition, the authors and collaborators discuss the importance of safe people learning about and engaging in the interrogation and creation of policies that will empower TGE students.
Honoring Gender Diversity in Music Classrooms
Authors: Garrett Matthew L. , Palkki Joshua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, attention is given to specific ideas that school music teachers can use to honor TGE students. Examples for sharing and displaying TGE-inclusive names, pronouns, and titles are presented within a variety of music classroom contexts. The authors describe how school music teachers can select inclusive classroom curricular materials by reviewing them for bias against gender diversity, by incorporating inclusion in elementary classroom discourse, and by working to avoid gender stereotypes in instrumental music settings. Further discussion focuses on the need for age-appropriate interactions with children, the implications of gendered vernacular language in classrooms settings, and considerations for music teacher-educators working with pre-service teachers at the college level.