bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mobility of Protestant Dissent
Authors: Ó hAnnracháin Tadhg 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the establishment of non-conformist Protestantism in Early Modern Ireland, concentrating principally but not exclusively on Ulster Presbyterianism, by far and away the most significant of these groupings in terms of numbers and permanence within the religious ecology of the island. It demonstrates the almost entirely migrant provenance of these non-conformist communities and the transnational dimension of their ministerial provision. It also examines how traditions of mobility relating to Covenant-swearing and interparochial communion helped to sustain a distinctive religious identity and the manner in which the mobility of largely Scottish migrants provided the vector for the spread of Presbyterianism. The Interregnum proved a hinge point in the establishment of other forms of non-conformist Protestantism, but their importance largely diminished in the course of the Restoration, although a distinctive Irish Quaker community managed to spread in the island during this period.
Figurative Images of Mobility
Authors: Ó hAnnracháin Tadhg 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines how figurative images of mobility helped to structure Irish Christians’ understanding of their lives. This was common to all the traditions of the island. In addition, all drew heavily on the Bible as a fund of examples and inspirations in which themes of mobility and exile figured prominently. Of single greatest importance in this respect was the story of Exodus, and in different ways all the religious traditions of the island identified heavily with the story of the persecution and wandering of the Chosen People and their journey from Egypt to Canaan. The Babylonian captivity was another important point of reference in terms of making meaning of contemporary travails and exiles.
Modern Mendels and Organizational Adaptation
Authors: Levinthal Daniel A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There has been recent interest in an important mechanism of intentional, designed learning efforts: random controlled trials. We situate this mechanism within an evolutionary framework and then consider some modest propositions for our Mendelian executive. RCTs tend to suffer from a lack of consideration of context dependence, and in that regard pose an interesting contrast with processes of imitation and recombination. The Mendelian executive as envisioned here goes beyond experimentation in a narrow RCT sense and plays a broader role in nurturing organizational adaptation. Three fundamental roles of the Mendelian executive are identified: encouraging adjacencies and identifying ways in which the organization can leverage its existing strengths into new possibilities, agnostic selection reflecting the challenge of selecting out less promising pathways and amplifying more promising ones, and engaging the variegated environment in which the organization operates to both enhance the set of possible adjacencies and the diversity of feedback.
Sexual harassment: perception and experience among female college students of Kafrelsheikh University
Authors: Kabbash Ibrahim Ali , Fatehy Naglaa Tawfeek , Saleh Saleh Raafat , Zidan Omar Omar , Dawood Waleed Moustafa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Increasing concerns are rising over women and adolescence in Arabic societies generally, and in Egyptian society specifically.

Objectives
To identify the profile and reasons of the problem of sexual harassments among female college students.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including randomly selected 976 female students from different faculties of Kafrelsheikh University using a predesigned questionnaire sheet.

Results
The main perceived concept of sexual harassment was touching body (63.9%) followed by uncomfortable behaviors by the assault (51.8%). Among urban students, 47.1% reported frequent sexual harassment as compared to 26.5% among rural students. The main motives to harassment were absence of sanctions (42.8%) followed by masculine culture. Absence of punishment ranked first (54.1%) as one of reasons for the phenomenon of harassments in the community followed by wrong concepts about women (46%). The main reaction to harassment was feeling bad and wishing to act (32.9%) followed by feeling bad but helpless (26.0%). Only 25.5% reported taking proper action. Experience of harassment was significantly more reported by urban students compared to rural ones (12.6% and 4.1%, respectively (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
Sexual harassment is not uncommon from of violence especially in urban areas mainly due to absence of sanctions and majority did not have capacity to take proper actions.
Peak radial growth of diffuse-porous species occurs during periods of lower water availability than for ring-porous and coniferous trees
Authors: D’Orangeville Loïc , Itter Malcolm , Kneeshaw Dan , Munger J William , Richardson Andrew D , Dyer James M , Orwig David A , Pan Yude , Pederson Neil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate models project warmer summer temperatures will increase the frequency and heat severity of droughts in temperate forests of Eastern North America. Hotter droughts are increasingly documented to affect tree growth and forest dynamics, with critical impacts on tree mortality, carbon sequestration and timber provision. The growing acknowledgement of the dominant role of drought timing on tree vulnerability to water deficit raises the issue of our limited understanding of radial growth phenology for most temperate tree species. Here, we use well-replicated dendrometer band data sampled frequently during the growing season to assess the growth phenology of 610 trees from 15 temperate species over 6 years. Patterns of diameter growth follow a typical logistic shape, with growth rates reaching a maximum in June, and then decreasing until process termination. On average, we find that diffuse-porous species take 16–18 days less than other wood-structure types to put on 50% of their annual diameter growth. However, their peak growth rate occurs almost a full month later than ring-porous and conifer species (ca. 24 ± 4 days; mean ± 95% credible interval). Unlike other species, the growth phenology of diffuse-porous species in our dataset is highly correlated with their spring foliar phenology. We also find that the later window of growth in diffuse-porous species, coinciding with peak evapotranspiration and lower water availability, exposes them to a higher water deficit of 88 ± 19 mm (mean ± SE) during their peak growth than ring-porous and coniferous species (15 ± 35 mm and 30 ± 30 mm, respectively). Given the high climatic sensitivity of wood formation, our findings highlight the importance of wood porosity as one predictor of species climatic sensitivity to the projected intensification of the drought regime in the coming decades.
Quantitative Resistance Loci to Southern Rust Mapped in a Temperate Maize Diversity Panel
Authors: Sun Guangchao , Mural Ravi V. , Turkus Jonathan D. , Schnable James C. 
Published: July 2021

Southern rust is a severe foliar disease of maize (Zea mays) resulting from infection with the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia polysora. This disease reduces photosynthetic productivity, which in turn reduces yields, with the greatest yield losses (up to 50%) associated with earlier onset infections. P. polysora urediniospores overwinter only in tropical and subtropical regions but cause outbreaks when environmental conditions favor initial infection. Increased temperatures and humidity during the growing season combined with an increased frequency of moderate winters are likely to increase the frequency of severe southern rust outbreaks in the U.S. Corn Belt. In summer 2020, a severe outbreak of southern rust was observed in eastern Nebraska, United States. We scored a replicated maize association panel planted in Lincoln, NE for disease severity and found that disease incidence and severity showed significant variation among maize genotypes. Genome-wide association studies identified four loci associated with significant quantitative variation in disease severity. These loci were associated with candidate genes with plausible links to quantitative disease resistance. A transcriptome-wide association study identified additional genes associated with disease severity. Together, these results indicate that substantial diversity in resistance to southern rust exists among current temperate-adapted maize germplasm, including several candidate loci that may explain the observed variation in resistance to southern rust.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Selective internal radiation therapy in older patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Benguerfi Soraya , Estrade Florian , Lescure Céline , Rolland Yan , Palard Xavier , Le Sourd Samuel , Pracht Marc , Bourien Héloïse , Muzellec Léa , Le Du Fanny , Garin Etienne , Edeline Julien 
Published: July 2021

Background
Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is applied to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a disease with increased incidence in the elderly. However, SIRT has rarely been specifically studied in elderly population. The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy and safety of SIRT in elderly HCC patients.

Methods
We studied retrospectively data from patients treated with SIRT for HCC. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved. We used 70-years old as threshold between younger and elderly populations, to compare outcomes.

Results
A total of 222 patients treated with SIRT for HCC were studied, of which 134 patients were younger and 88 older. Median overall survival (OS) was not significantly different between younger and elderly group: 15.6 months (95% CI, 11.7–19.5) and 14.8 months (95% CI, 9.4–20.3) (P = 0.86). Age was not associated with OS in multivariable analysis, with a Hazard ratio of 1.09 (95% CI, 0.82–1.45, P = 0.55). Results of progression-free survival and responses were also similar in both groups. Toxicities were similar between the two groups, including the occurrence of radioembolization-induced liver disease (11.5 vs. 11.4%, P = 0.97).

Conclusion
SIRT appears to be a well-tolerated treatment with the same efficacy in elderly compared to younger patients in HCC. Our study is the first to study its impact with glass microspheres. This warrants confirmation in large prospective studies.
Need for recovery and physician well-being in emergency departments: national survey findings
Authors: Cottey Laura , Roberts Tom , Graham Blair , Horner Daniel , Latour Jos M. , Enki Doyo , Lyttle Mark D. , Stevens Kara N. 
Published: July 2021

Background and importance
Need for recovery (NFR) describes an individual’s need to physically and psychologically recuperate following a period of work. Physicians working in emergency departments (EDs) have higher NFR scores than other occupational groups. Increased NFR may precede occupational burnout and identification provides opportunities for early interventions.

Objective
To identify the incidence of well-being characteristics for ED physicians and to determine if NFR score is associated with these characteristics, whilst adjusting for potential confounders.

Design
This is a secondary analysis of a survey study. Responses to 11 items were summated into the NFR score, from 0 (lowest NFR) to 100. Additional items (n = 44) explored well-being, demographic and occupational characteristics.

Setting and participants
Physicians working within 112 EDs in the UK and Ireland were surveyed in June–July 2019.

Outcome measure and analysis
The outcome measure was self-perceptions of well-being including; current burnout, risk of future burnout and feeling overwhelmed at work. Descriptive statistics are presented alongside findings of a multiple regression analysis.

Main results
In 4365 participants, the self-perceived incidence of current burnout, high risk of future burnout and feeling overwhelmed at work more than once a week was 24.8, 62.7 and 45.1%, respectively. For every unfavourable response of the NFR scale there was an increase in odds of 34.0% (95% CI, 31.0–37.1) for frequency of feeling overwhelmed; 53.8% (95% CI, 47.5–60.4) for current burnout; 56.2% (95% CI, 51.1–61.6) for high risk of future burnout.

Conclusion
This study confirms an association between increased NFR score and self-perceived well-being characteristics. Factors previously reported to reduce NFR could therefore be important initiatives to improve well-being of the ED workforce.
Review: The Top Five Peripheral Vision Tools in Sport
Authors: Vater Christian , Strasburger Hans 
Published: July 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
This study summarizes the empirical evidence on the use of peripheral vision for the most-researched peripheral vision tools in sports.

The objective of this review was to explain if and how the tools can be used to investigate peripheral vision usage and how empirical findings with these vision tools might be transferred to sports situations. The data sources used in this study were Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. We additionally searched the manufacturers' Web pages and used Google Scholar to find full texts that were not available elsewhere. Studies were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal, were written in English language, and were conducted in a sports context. From the 10 searched tools, we included the 5 tools with most published studies. In our topical search, we identified 93 studies for the five most-used peripheral vision tools. Surprisingly, none of these studies used eye-tracking methods to control for the use of peripheral vision. Best “passive” control is achieved by tools using (foveal) secondary tasks (Dynavision D2 and Vienna Test System). Best transfer to sports tasks is expected for tools demanding action responses (FitLight, Dynavision D2). Tools are likely to train peripheral monitoring (NeuroTracker), peripheral reaction time (Dynavision D2, Vienna Test System), or peripheral preview (FitLight), whereas one tool did not show any link to peripheral vision processes (Nike SPARQ Vapor Strobe).
Efficacy of a Digital Sports Vision Training Program for Improving Visual Abilities in Collegiate Baseball and Softball Athletes
Authors: Shekar Sandhya Uma , Erickson Graham B. , Horn Fraser , Hayes John R. , Cooper Scott 
Published: July 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Dynamic reactive sports involve visual abilities such as visual acuity, depth perception, contrast sensitivity, and visual-motor reaction speed. This randomized, double-blinded control design showed no significant improvement in the visual parameters among athletes after training on a digital sports vision training program.

PURPOSE
There is a need for evidence supporting the efficacy of recently developed digital training programs.

METHODS
Thirty-two athletes from National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III softball and baseball teams were randomly divided into experimental and placebo training groups, undergoing three 20-minute training sessions per week for 3 weeks. The experimental group trained on procedures designed to improve dynamic visual acuity and depth perception, and the placebo group trained on procedures designed to have no direct impact on those same parameters. All measures were recorded at baseline, post-training, and after a month of no training. The athletes also completed a questionnaire to determine the efficacy of the placebo effect.

RESULTS
There was no significant effect of evaluation type (post-training and follow-up) and condition (experimental and placebo) on any of the visual parameters. However, stereoacuity, contrast sensitivity, depth perception, and dynamic visual acuity showed minimum effect sizes of 0.5. Fifteen of 16 athletes in the placebo group thought they trained on experimental procedures.

CONCLUSIONS
No significant improvement differences were seen between experimental and placebo training groups. However, stereoacuity, contrast sensitivity, and depth perception achieved minimum clinical relevance.
Urine Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA as a Marker of Weight Loss and Body Composition in Older Adults With HIV
Authors: Johnston Carrie D. , Siegler Eugenia L. , Rice Michelle C. , Derry Heather M. , Hootman Katie C. , Zhu Yuan-Shan , Burchett Chelsie O. , Gupta Samir K. , Choi Mary E. , Glesby Marshall J. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Older adults with HIV (OAH) experience more comorbidities and geriatric syndromes than their HIV-negative peers, perhaps because of chronic inflammation. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) released from cells undergoing necrosis-mediated cell death potentially acts as both a mediator and marker of inflammatory dysregulation. We hypothesized that urinary cfmtDNA would be associated with frailty, body composition, and fall history in OAH.

Methods:
OAH completed frailty testing, a psychosocial survey, body composition assessment, and measurement of urine cfmtDNA and urine albumin:creatinine in this cross-sectional study. Urine cfmtDNA was measured by quantative polymerase chain reaction and normalized to urinary creatinine.

Results:
Across 150 participants, the mean age was 61 years (SD 6 years), half identified as Black, one-third were women, and 93% had HIV-1 viral load <200 copies/mL. Two-thirds met criteria for a prefrail or frail state. Those with unintentional weight loss had higher urine cfmtDNA concentrations (P = 0.03). Higher urine cfmtDNA was inversely associated with the skeletal muscle index (β = −0.19, P < 0.01) and fat mass index (β = −0.08, P = 0.02) in separate multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and presence of moderate–severe albuminuria.

Conclusions:
In this cross-sectional study of OAH, higher levels of urine cfmtDNA were more common in subjects with less robust physical condition, including unintentional weight loss and less height-scaled body mass of fat and muscle. These findings suggest urine cfmtDNA may reflect pathophysiologic aging processes in OAH, predisposing them to geriatric syndromes. Longitudinal investigation of urine cfmtDNA as a biomarker of geriatric syndromes is warranted.
A Rare Cause of SCC Antigen Elevation
Authors: Huchet Virginie , Cockenpot Vincent , Lesnik Maria , Luporsi Marie , Jehanno Nina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report the case of a 68-year-old woman who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag) elevation in the follow-up of a uterine cervical cancer. The examination showed an FDG-avid mass of the left nasal cavity with left maxillary sinusitis and no other site of abnormal FDG uptake. Surgical resection of the nasal polyp was performed, and pathological examination of the specimen revealed an inverted sinonasal papilloma. SCC Ag returned to normal after surgery. Inverted sinonasal papilloma is a rare cause of SCC Ag elevation, which can be depicted by 18F-FDG PET/CT.
False-Positive 123I-Uptake Mimics Metastatic Lung Disease in a Patient With Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Scleroderma
Authors: Posocco David , Kamat Bhishak , Dadparvar Simin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 59-year-old woman with a history of papillary thyroid cancer status post total thyroidectomy and 131I ablation therapy presented with lower back pain and leg weakness. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed homogenously enhancing lesions at L1–L2 and L3–L4. Subsequent whole-body 123I-Na scan demonstrated significant 123I retention in the mid to distal esophagus, as well as diffuse uptake in basal segments of the lungs bilaterally. SPECT/CT of the lumbar vertebra was unremarkable. Although 123I-Na uptake often indicates metastatic recurrence, these findings were better explained by nonspecific radioiodine uptake secondary to systemic complications of the patient’s underlying scleroderma.
Development and Validation of the Stroke Symptom Cluster Scale Among Korean Stroke Survivors
Authors: Song Rhayun , Ahn Sukhee , Jang Taejeong , Oh Jiwon , Sohn Min Kyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and validate the Stroke Symptom Cluster Scale for Korean Adults (SSCS-K) for stroke survivors.

Design
An exploratory sequential study with a mixed-methods design was performed.

Methods
In the development stage, a qualitative study with in-depth interviews was conducted with 27 stroke patients. The validation stage involved analyzing the psychometric properties from 288 stroke patients.

Findings
The SSCS-K comprising 65 items in six dimensions (mobility, cognition, sensory, mood, communication, and swallowing difficulty) demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .92–.94). Confirmatory factor analyses with a six-factor solution showed that it explained 62% of the variance in stroke symptoms. The concurrent validity was confirmed with the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (r = .38–.83, p < .001).

Conclusion
The SSCS-K has strong psychometric properties as a measure to assess clustered symptoms in stroke survivors during their long-term rehabilitation.

Clinical Relevance
Rehabilitation nurses may consider the SSCS-K as a useful tool for assessing symptoms of stroke survivors.
Decreased spasticity of Baishaoluoshi Decoction through the BDNF/TrKB-KCC2 pathway on poststroke spasticity rats
Authors: Xie Le , Xie Yao , Mao Guo , Cao Sijia , Fang Rui , Zhou Shen , Jiang Junlin , Yao Ting , Fan Jianhu , Liu Dong , Wu Dahua , Ge Jinwen 
Published: July 2021

Objective
K+–Cl− cotransporter-2 (KCC2), which primarily extrudes chloride in mature neurons, triggers hemiplegia limb spasticity after ischemic stroke by affecting neuronal excitability. Our previous study revealed that the Chinese herb Baishaoluoshi Decoction decreases hemiplegia limb spasticity in poststroke spasticity (PSS) patients. This study aimed at elucidating on the effects of Baishaoluoshi Decoction on the BDNF/TrKB-KCC2 pathway in PSS rat models.

Methods
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was adopted for the establishment of PSS rat models. Muscle tension was evaluated by Modified Ashworth Scale. Nissl staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure the protective effects of Baishaoluoshi Decoction on ischemic injury-induced neuronal damage due to MCAO. Expression levels of BDNF, TrKB, and KCC2 in brain tissues around the infarct and brainstem were detected by immunohistochemical staining.

Results
It was found that Baishaoluoshi Decoction suppressed hemiplegia limb spasticity and alleviated the damage in neurons and synapses in PSS rat models. Importantly, the expression of BDNF, TrKB, and KCC2 in brain tissues around the infarct and brainstem were significantly upregulated after treatment with low-dose and high-dose Baishaoluoshi Decoction.

Conclusion
Suppression of spasticity by Baishaoluoshi Decoction in PSS rat models may be correlated with upregulated BDNF/TrKB-KCC2 pathway, which may be a complementary therapeutic strategy for PSS.