bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of Fusobacterium nucleatum IgA and IgG ELISA test in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kurt Melike , Yumuk Zeki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe colorectal cancer is a serious health problem. The diagnosis of the disease mostly relies on an invasive procedure. A non-invasive diagnostic test such as an immunoassay, may facilitate diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the use of antibodies against Fusobacterium nucleatum in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Totally 78 patients in three groups were included in the study. F. nucleatum in the tissues was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. F. nucleatum IgA and IgG were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. F. nucleatum was detected in 86.7% and 73.1% cases of CRC and precancerous-benign colon disease (P-BCD), respectively. The OD values from F. nucleatum IgA and IgG ELISA tests were higher in CRC group compared with healthy individuals. The sensitivity of IgA ELISA test varied between 31.8 and 95.5% depending on the chosen cut-off values. The positivity rate of antibodies in patients with high amount of F. nucleatum in tissue was significantly greater than in the negative group. The F. nucleatum IgA and IgG antibodies in CRC were higher than the ones in healthy controls but the discriminative ability of the ELISA test was not adequate to be considered as a diagnostic tool.
Evaluation of poor prognostic factors of respiratory related death in microscopic polyangiitis complicated by interstitial lung disease
Authors: Matsuda Shogo , Kotani Takuya , Suzuka Takayasu , Kiboshi Takao , Fukui Keisuke , Wakama Minako , Ishida Takaaki , Fujiki Youhei , Shiba Hideyuki , Nagai Koji , Hata Kenichiro , Shoda Takeshi , Ito Yuri , Makino Shigeki , Takeuchi Tohru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe prognosis of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is significantly worse than that of MPA without ILD. However, the clinical characteristics in MPA-ILD, especially poor prognostic factors, are not elucidated. We evaluated demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings, treatments, and outcomes of 80 patients with MPA, and investigated prognostic factors of respiratory-related death in patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positive MPA-ILD. Ground-glass opacity and fibrosis were evaluated as scores on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The presence of ILD was consistent with a high risk of respiratory-related death (hazard ratio, 4.8; P = 0.04). Multivariable logistic regression analyses using propensity scoring showed right or left lower lobe fibrosis score to be significantly associated with respiratory-related death (P = 0.0005 and 0.0045, respectively). A right or left lower lobe fibrosis score ≥ 2, indicating the presence of honeycombing at 1 cm above the diaphragm, was determined to be the best cut-off value indicating a poor prognosis. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with right or left lower lobe fibrosis score ≥ 2 (survival rates: 37% and 19%, respectively) than those with a score < 2 (71% and 68%, respectively) (P = 0.002 and 0.0007, respectively). These findings suggest that the presence of honeycomb lesions in bilateral lower lobes on chest HRCT was associated with respiratory-related death in patients with MPO-ANCA positive MPA-ILD.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Alkylated γ-Lactam via Nickel/8-Quinim-Catalyzed Reductive Alkyl-Carbamoylation of Unactivated Alkene
Authors: Wu Xianqing , Shrestha Mohini , Chen Yifeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChiral-auxiliary-mediated synthesis represents the most frequently used synthetic tool for the induction of chirality on α-position of γ-lactams in organic synthesis. However, the general strategy requires the stoichiometric use of chiral reagents with multiple manipulation steps. Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric alkene dicarbofunctionalization using readily available substrates under mild conditions allows the simultaneous construction of two vicinal chemical bonds and a chiral carbon center, hence, gain expedient access to chiral heterocycles. Herein, we disclose a Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reaction of 3-butenyl carbamoyl chloride and primary alkyl iodide enabled by a newly designed chiral 8-quinoline imidazoline ligand (8-Quinim). This protocol features broad functional group tolerance and high enantioselectivities, achieving unprecedented synthesis of chiral nonaromatic heterocycles via catalytic reductive protocol.1 Introduction2 Development of 8-Quinim Ligand3 Nickel/8-Quinim-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral α-Alkylated γ-Lactam4 Conclusion and Outlook
On continuous endomorphisms of entire functions
Authors: Shishkin A. B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper is concerned with continuous linear operators on the space of entire functions. The properties of such operators that are related to the definition of convolution-type operators in spaces of analytic functions are investigated. Corollaries refining both the approximation theorem for the kernel of a symmetric convolution operator and the dual definition of a differential operator in a complex domain are stated.
Bibliography: 20 titles.
Two-dimensional fluid simulation of pulsed-power inductively coupled Ar/H2 discharge
Authors: Cha Ju-Hong , Seo Kwon-Sang , Jeong Jeehun , Lee Ho-Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In low-temperature Ar/H2 discharge used for material processing, the main factor influencing the film quality is the active species responsible for surface reactions, such as hydrogen atoms or hydrogen ions. The changes in plasma chemistry with the operating conditions affect the production of active species in the bulk plasma region. In conventional Ar/H2 discharge using continuous-wave plasma, there is not enough information to explain the correlations between the active species generation and process parameters. In particular, it is difficult to investigate the relationship between the generation of H
x
(x = 1, 2) ions using the ratio of Ar to hydrogen as an operating variable, and an additional control parameter is required to research the occurrence of each active species. To improve the efficiency of material processing and enhance process controllability, an inductively coupled plasma Ar/H2 pulsed-power model (source pulsing) was introduced and investigated in this study. This work provides an overview of the generation of each active species in pulsed Ar/H2 discharge and discusses the effects of the Ar/H2 gas mixture ratio, duty cycle, and pulse frequency. In addition, it presents an analysis of the principle of the Ar/H2 pulsed-plasma process for the production of active species, demonstrating that the generation densities of specific ions and neutral particles can be controlled.
Origami-based stretchable bi-functional metamaterials: reflector and broadband absorber
Authors: Pham The-Linh , Bui Xuan Khuyen , Tung Bui Son , Hai Le Dinh , Long Le Van , Vu Dinh Lam  , Tung Nguyen Thanh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multi-functional microwave metamaterials offer a great solution for active components and modules that are potentially applicable in stealth, energy, and wireless communication systems/devices. However, it is challenging to realize a multi-functional behavior in a cost-effective and simple metamaterial system. This paper proposes and demonstrates a metamaterial inspired by origami building blocks that can be controlled by mechanical stimuli. By mechanically changing folding states, the proposed metamaterial can be switched from an ultra-broadband absorber to a reflector. In the compressed mode, the structure exhibits an absorption of more than 90% in a broad frequency range of 6–16 GHz. The absorption characteristic is insensitive to polarization angles and works with a wide range of incident angles. In the stretched mode, the absorption function is turned off and all the incident waves become reflected. Such origami-inspired metamaterials behave in multiple figures of merit involving bandwidth, frequency of operation, angle of polarization, and incidence.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Mechanistic Models of Infectious Disease
Authors: D’Agostino McGowan Lucy , Grantz Kyra H , Murray Eleanor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis primer describes the statistical uncertainty in mechanistic models and provides R code to quantify it. We begin with an overview of mechanistic models for infectious disease, and then describe the sources of statistical uncertainty in the context of a case study on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the statistical uncertainty as belonging to 3 categories: data uncertainty, stochastic uncertainty, and structural uncertainty. We demonstrate how to account for each of these via statistical uncertainty measures and sensitivity analyses broadly, as well as in a specific case study on estimating the basic reproductive number, ${R}_0$, for SARS-CoV-2.
Risk of Incident Hypertension According to Physical Activity and Temporal Changes in Weight
Authors: Kang Jeonggyu , Lee Jong-Young , Lee Mi Yeon , Sung Ki-Chul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) and maintenance of a normal weight contribute to the prevention of hypertension but not always concurrently. Our aim was to investigate whether maintaining PA, regardless of weight change, is associated with a reduced risk of developing hypertension.

METHODS
We conducted a cohort study of 195,045 Koreans (mean age, 37.7 years; standard deviation, 7.1 years) who participated in an occupational health screening program from January 2011 to December 2016. PA levels were measured using the validated Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, and participants were classified into 3 categories as inactive, active, and health-enhancing physically active (HEPA). Weight was tracked, and participants were divided into 2 categories: those whose weight change &gt;0 and those whose weight change ≤0.

RESULTS
During 616,326.5 person-years, 12,206 participants developed hypertension (19.8 per 1,000 person-years). A higher PA level and greater reduction in body mass index were associated with lower risk for incident hypertension. Hazard ratio (HR) for incident hypertension was lower (0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.88) in subjects with active/HEPA at baseline and decreased weight than in those in the inactive and increased weight groups after adjustment for confounding factors. Even in the increased weight group, HR for incident hypertension was 0.85 (0.81–0.90) in subjects whose PA was consistently maintained at active or HEPA levels during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
In this large cohort of young and middle-aged Koreans, maintaining active or HEPA PA levels was associated with reduced risk of developing hypertension regardless of weight change.
Diospyros kakiextract protects myoblasts from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity via secretions derived from intestinal epithelium
Authors: Alfarafisa Nayla Majeda , Kitaguchi Kohji , Yabe Tomio 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTUnder oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) alter signal transduction and induce macromolecular damage in cells. Such oxidative damage can lead to sarcopenia, an age-related syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of mass and strength of skeletal muscles. Because food components do not directly come in contact with muscle cells, we focused on the effects of secretions produced by stimulated intestinal epithelial cells on oxidative stress in myoblast cells. An extract of Diospyros kaki was fractionated using different concentrations of ethanol. Each fraction showed different levels of antioxidant and phenolic compounds. The biological activity was evaluated using a Caco-2 cell coculture system. Secretions from Caco-2 cells exposed to 0.5 mg/mL D. kaki extract attenuated the oxidative stress-induced reduction of C2C12 cell viability, suggesting that the D. kaki extract could stimulate intestinal epithelial cells to produce secretions that reduce oxidative stress in myoblasts in vitro.
MRCIP: a robust Mendelian randomization method accounting for correlated and idiosyncratic pleiotropy
Authors: Xu Siqi , Fung Wing Kam , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful instrumental variable (IV) method for estimating the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest even in the presence of unmeasured confounding by using genetic variants as IVs. However, the correlated and idiosyncratic pleiotropy phenomena in the human genome will lead to biased estimation of causal effects if they are not properly accounted for. In this article, we develop a novel MR approach named MRCIP to account for correlated and idiosyncratic pleiotropy simultaneously. We first propose a random-effect model to explicitly model the correlated pleiotropy and then propose a novel weighting scheme to handle the presence of idiosyncratic pleiotropy. The model parameters are estimated by maximizing a weighted likelihood function with our proposed PRW-EM algorithm. Moreover, we can also estimate the degree of the correlated pleiotropy and perform a likelihood ratio test for its presence. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed MRCIP has improved performance over competing methods. We also illustrate the usefulness of MRCIP on two real datasets. The R package for MRCIP is publicly available at https://github.com/siqixu/MRCIP.
A Regulatory Review Approach for Evaluation of Micafungin for Treatment of Neonatal Candidiasis
Authors: Taormina Gillian , Gopinath Ramya , Moore Jason , Yasinskaya Yuliya , Colangelo Philip , Reynolds Kellie , Nambiar Sumati 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPathogenesis of neonatal candidiasis (NC) is distinct from systemic candidiasis in adults and older pediatric patients due to the significant incidence of central nervous system involvement in neonates. Thus, although adequate and well-controlled trials in NC are often unfeasible due to difficulty enrolling patients, extrapolation of efficacy from antifungal drug trials in adults is generally not appropriate. However, treatment of NC is an area of great unmet need. We describe a regulatory review approach that combined the assessment of limited clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety data from neonates and young infants along with microbiology outcomes and pharmacokinetic data from relevant nonclinical models of candidemia/invasive candidiasis to inform the use of micafungin in pediatric patients younger than 4 months, while communicating areas of remaining uncertainty in labeling.
Population-Based Estimates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)–like Illness, COVID-19 Illness, and Rates of Case Ascertainment, Hospitalizations, and Deaths—Noninstitutionalized New York City Residents, March–April 2020
Authors: Alroy Karen A , Crossa Aldo , Dominianni Christine , Sell Jessica , Bartley Katherine , Sanderson Michael , Fernandez Steven , Levanon Seligson Amber , Lim Sungwoo , Wang Shu Meir , Dumas Sarah E , Perlman Sharon E , Konty Kevin , Olson Donald R , Gould L Hannah , Greene Sharon K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Using a population-based, representative telephone survey, ~930 000 New York City residents had COVID-19 illness beginning 20 March–30 April 2020, a period with limited testing. For every 1000 persons estimated with COVID-19 illness, 141.8 were tested and reported as cases, 36.8 were hospitalized, and 12.8 died, varying by demographic characteristics.
The Affair before the Affair: Zola, Dreyfus and the Lourdes scandal
Authors: White Claire 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article examines the legacy of the scandal wrought by Zola’s novel Lourdes (1894) for future controversy over the writer’s pivotal involvement in the Dreyfus Affair. Zola’s fictional account of the Pyrenean shrine—its founding apparitions, and its miracle cures— provoked a deluge of refutations from Catholic clergymen, doctors and writers. The Lourdes scandal has been understood as a flashpoint for Catholic indignation in the ongoing ‘culture wars’ of the Third Republic—one readily reignited with Zola’s intervention in the judicial handling of Dreyfus’ case. This article offers a precise understanding of the Lourdes debates as a dress-rehearsal for the Affair that followed. It reads Catholic attacks on Zola’s naturalist novel for their shared preoccupation with proofs, expertise, authority and the status of truth and evidence, which anticipated the very terms on which his defence of the Jewish captain would be denounced. Both scandals, then, appear bound together by fundamentally literary concerns; and this article shows how quarrels over aesthetics lay at the heart of the ideological differences they described.
Fluid pressure heterogeneity during fluid flow in rocks: new laboratory measurement device and method
Authors: Brantut Nicolas , Aben Franciscus M 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
We present a new type of transducer capable of measuring local pore fluid pressure in jacketed rock samples under elevated confining pressure conditions. The transducers are passive (strain-gauge based), of small size (7 mm in diameter at the contact with the rock and around 10 mm in length), and have minimal dead volume (a few mm3). The transducers measure the differential pressure between the confining fluid and the internal pore pressure. The design is easily adaptable to tune the sensitivity and working pressure range up to several hundred megapascals. An array of four such transducers was tested during hydrostatic pressurization cycles on Darley Dale sandstone and Westerly granite. The prototypes show very good linearity up to 80 MPa with maximum deviations of the order of 0.25 MPa, regardless of the combination of pore and confining pressure. Multiple internal pore pressure measurements allow us to quantify the local decrease in permeability associated with faulting in Darley Dale sandstone, and also prove useful in tracking the development of pore pressure fronts during transient flow in low permeability Westerly granite.
LYRA I: Simulating the multi-phase ISM of a dwarf galaxy with variable energy supernovae from individual stars
Authors: Gutcke Thales A , Pakmor Rüdiger , Naab Thorsten , Springel Volker 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We introduce the LYRA project, a new high resolution galaxy formation model built within the framework of the cosmological hydro-dynamical moving mesh code arepo. The model resolves the multi-phase interstellar medium down to 10 K. It forms individual stars sampled from the initial mass function (IMF), and tracks their lifetimes and death pathways individually. Single supernova (SN) blast waves with variable energy are followed within the hydrodynamic calculation to interact with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). In this paper, we present the methods and apply the model to a 1010 M⊙ isolated halo. We demonstrate that the majority of supernovae are Sedov-resolved at our fiducial gas mass resolution of 4  M⊙. We show that our SN feedback prescription self-consistently produces a hot phase within the ISM that drives significant outflows, reduces the gas density and suppresses star formation. Clustered SN play a major role in enhancing the effectiveness of feedback, because the majority of explosions occur in low density material. Accounting for variable SN energy allows the feedback to respond directly to stellar evolution. We show that the ISM is sensitive to the spatially distributed energy deposition. It strongly affects the outflow behaviour, reducing the mass loading by a factor of 2 − 3, thus allowing the galaxy to retain a higher fraction of mass and metals. LYRA makes it possible to use a comprehensive multi-physics ISM model directly in cosmological (zoom) simulations of dwarf and higher mass galaxies.
Comparing galaxy formation in the L-GALAXIES semi-analytical model and the IllustrisTNG simulations
Authors: Ayromlou Mohammadreza , Nelson Dylan , Yates Robert M , Kauffmann Guinevere , Renneby Malin , White Simon D M 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We perform a comparison, object by object and statistically, between the Munich semi-analytical model, L-GALAXIES, and the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulations. By running L-GALAXIES on the IllustrisTNG dark matter-only merger trees, we identify the same galaxies in the two models. This allows us to compare the stellar mass, star formation rate, and gas content of galaxies, as well as the baryonic content of subhaloes and haloes in the two models. We find that both the stellar mass functions and the stellar masses of individual galaxies agree to better than ${\sim} 0.2\,$dex. On the other hand, specific star formation rates and gas contents can differ more substantially. At z = 0, the transition between low-mass star-forming galaxies and high-mass quenched galaxies occurs at a stellar mass scale ${\sim} 0.5\,$dex lower in IllustrisTNG than that in L-GALAXIES. IllustrisTNG also produces substantially more quenched galaxies at higher redshifts. Both models predict a halo baryon fraction close to the cosmic value for clusters, but IllustrisTNG predicts lower baryon fractions in group environments. These differences are primarily due to differences in modelling feedback from stars and supermassive black holes. The gas content and star formation rates of galaxies in and around clusters and groups differ substantially, with IllustrisTNG satellites less star forming and less gas rich. We show that environmental processes such as ram-pressure stripping are stronger and operate to larger distances and for a broader host mass range in IllustrisTNG. We suggest that the treatment of galaxy evolution in the semi-analytic model needs to be improved by prescriptions that capture local environmental effects more accurately.
Polydisperse streaming instability – III. Dust evolution encourages fast instability
Authors: McNally Colin P , Lovascio Francesco , Paardekooper Sijme-Jan 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Planet formation via core accretion requires the production of kilometre-sized planetesimals from cosmic dust. This process must overcome barriers to simple collisional growth, for which the streaming instability (SI) is often invoked. Dust evolution is still required to create particles large enough to undergo vigorous instability. The SI has been studied primarily with single-size dust, and the role of the full evolved dust distribution is largely unexplored. We survey the polydisperse streaming instability (PSI) with physical parameters corresponding to plausible conditions in protoplanetary discs. We consider a full range of particle stopping times, generalized dust size distributions, and the effect of turbulence. We find that while the PSI grows in many cases more slowly with an interstellar power-law dust distribution than with a single size, reasonable collisional dust evolution, producing an enhancement of the largest dust sizes, produces instability behaviour similar to the monodisperse case. Considering turbulent diffusion, the trend is similar. We conclude that if fast linear growth of PSI is required for planet formation, then dust evolution producing a distribution with peak stopping times on the order of 0.1 orbits and an enhancement of the largest dust significantly above the single power-law distribution produced by a fragmentation cascade is sufficient, along with local enhancement of the dust to gas volume mass density ratio to order unity.