bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt can be calculated using either the femoral heads or acetabular domes in patients with hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Czubak-Wrzosek Maria , Nitek Zaneta , Sztwiertnia Paweł , Czubak Jaroslaw , Grzelecki Dariusz , Kowalczewski Jacek , Tyrakowski Marcin 
Published: August 2021

Aims The aim of the study was to compare two methods of calculating pelvic incidence (PI) and pelvic tilt (PT), either by using the femoral heads or acetabular domes to determine the bicoxofemoral axis, in patients with unilateral or bilateral primary hip osteoarthritis (OA). Methods PI and PT were measured on standing lateral radiographs of the spine in two groups: 50 patients with unilateral (Group I) and 50 patients with bilateral hip OA (Group II), using the femoral heads or acetabular domes to define the bicoxofemoral axis. Agreement between the methods was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEm). The intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability of the two methods were analyzed on 31 radiographs in both groups to calculate ICC and SEm. Results In both groups, excellent agreement between the two methods was obtained, with ICC of 0.99 and SEm 0.3° for Group I, and ICC 0.99 and SEm 0.4° for Group II. The intraobserver reproducibility was excellent for both methods in both groups, with an ICC of at least 0.97 and SEm not exceeding 0.8°. The study also revealed excellent interobserver reliability for both methods in both groups, with ICC 0.99 and SEm 0.5° or less. Conclusion Either the femoral heads or acetabular domes can be used to define the bicoxofemoral axis on the lateral standing radiographs of the spine for measuring PI and PT in patients with idiopathic unilateral or bilateral hip OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(8):1345–1350.
Risk of reoperation and infection after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and open lumbar discectomy
Authors: Kang Tae Wook , Park Si Young , Oh Hoonji , Lee Soon Hyuck , Park Jong Hoon , Suh Seung Woo 
Published: August 2021

Aims Open discectomy (OD) is the standard operation for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), however, has shown similar outcomes to OD and there is increasing interest in this procedure. However despite improved surgical techniques and instrumentation, reoperation and infection rates continue and are reported to be between 6% and 24% and 0.7% and 16%, respectively. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of reoperation and infection within six months of patients being treated for LDH either by OD or PELD. Methods In this retrospective, nationwide cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance database from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018 was reviewed. Data were extracted for patients who underwent OD or PELD for LDH without a history of having undergone either procedure during the preceding year. Individual patients were followed for six months through their encrypted unique resident registration number. The primary endpoints were rates of reoperation and infection during the follow-up period. Other risk factors for reoperation and infection were also evalulated. Results Out of 549,531 patients, 522,640 had undergone OD (95.11%) and 26,891 patients had undergone PELD (4.89%). Reoperation rates within six months were 2.28% in the OD group, and 5.38% in the PELD group. Infection rates were 1.18% in OD group and 0.83% in PELD group. The risk of reoperation was lower for patients with OD than for patients with PELD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.38). The risk of infection was higher for patients with OD than for patients undergoing PELD (HR, 1.325). Conclusion Compared with the OD group, the PELD group showed higher reoperation rates and lower infection rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(8):1392–1399.
Effect of Core Temperature on Some Important Properties of Poplar Scrimber Boards during the Heat Curing Process
Authors: Rao Fei , Wei Jinguang , Qi Yue , Zhang Yahui , Yu Wenji 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, poplar wood and a phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin were used to produce a large-scale scrimber product by a combined cold pressing and heat curing method. The water resistance, mechanical properties, and formaldehyde emission of the scrimber boards prepared at different core temperatures (100°C, 110°C, 115°C, and 120°C) were investigated. The results showed that the peak core temperature had a significant effect on the scrimber performance. The thickness swelling rate and width swelling rate of the scrimber boards prepared at a core temperature of 100 °C were significantly higher than other samples. The formaldehyde emission from the surface layer of the scrimber boards prepared at a high core temperature (115°C and 120°C) was much lower than that at a core temperature of 100°C and 110°C. These results can be explained by the correlation between curing degree and temperature of the PF resin in the scrimber. With increasing core temperature, the modulus of rupture, compression strength, and horizontal shear strength of the scrimber boards first increased and then decreased, suggesting that core temperature during the heat curing process also played an important role in determining mechanical properties. The scrimber boards with the best mechanical properties were prepared at a core temperature of 115°C. The results of the study demonstrated that the optimal core temperature necessary to produce a low-cost and high-performance scrimber was 115°C.
Experimental identification of a grating profile using neural network classifiers in optical scatterometry
Authors: Godi Tchéré Moustapha , Robert Stéphane , Fawzi Zaki Sabit , Bayard Bernard , Jamon Damien , Gourgon Cécile 
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we develop a new technique, to the best of our knowledge, of grating characterization based on two separate steps. First, an artificial neural network (ANN) is implemented in a classifier mode to identify the shape of the geometrical profile from a measured optical signature. Then, a second ANN is used in a regression mode to determine the geometrical parameters corresponding to the selected geometrical model. The advantage of this approach is highlighted by discussions and studies involving the error criterion that is used widely in scatterometry. In addition, experimental tests are provided on diffraction grating structures with a period of 500 and 750 nm.
Trends in child growth failure among children under five years of age in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2000 to 2016 Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Bekele Tolesa , Rawstorne Patrick , Rahman Bayzidur 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
In a majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), levels of child growth failure (CGF) have steadily declined since 2000. However, some countries show a different trend. Despite continued investment from the government of Ethiopia as well as donors, CGF levels are still high in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess trends in CGF and associated sociodemographic, economic and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) factors from 2000 to 2016 in Ethiopia.

Methods
Data were taken from four rounds of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Children aged between 0 to 59 months were included. CGF indicators were categorised based on height-for-age z-score (HAZ) < -2 Standard deviation (SD), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) < -2 SD and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) < -2 SD. CGF trends were estimated for predicted probabilities and odds ratios (ORs) between 2000 and 2016.

Results
A total sample size of 31978 for HAZ, 32045 for WAZ and 32246 for WHZ were included in the current study. Stunting decreased from an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67 to 0.88) in 2005 to an AOR = 0.45 (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.53) in 2016 compared with the year 2000. Compared with data in 2000, underweight decreased from an AOR of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.80) in 2005 to an AOR of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.50) in 2016. Wasting declined from an AOR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.75 to 1.10) in 2005 to an AOR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.94) in 2016, compared with data in 2000.

Conclusions
Between 2000 to 2016, there was a decline in CGF levels albeit the levels are still relatively high compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off levels for public health concern. Observed rates of change varied across sociodemographic, economic and WASH factors which suggest that interventions tailored towards addressing the imbalances across those factors are required.
Comparative efficacy of single-inhaler triple therapies for COPD: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yixuan , Hu Hao , Leung Siu-wai 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
2021 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Reports recommends that patients with clinically significant symptoms and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should escalate to triple therapy, a combined use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and long-acting b2-agonists (LABA)(ICS/LAMA/LABA). Triple therapy in fixed-dose combinations (FDCs), i.e., combining ICS, LABA with LAMA and administrating by a single inhalation device, has appeared in recent years. This study aims to compare the efficacy of triple therapy in FDCs in treating patients with moderate to severe COPD.

Methods and analyses
Literature search will be conducted on PubMed, Embase and Web of science, according to pre-specified and corresponding search strategies, for relevant reports published since the inception dates of the databases. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) which compared the triple therapy in FDCs with other pharmacological therapies will be included. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 2) will be used to assess the RCT quality. The outcomes will be analyzed as rate ratios and mean differences under a random-effects model in a frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA). Additional statistical analyses including subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis will be performed to assess the evidential heterogeneity and robustness. The strength of evidence from the NMA will be evaluated with the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods.

Ethics and dissemination
No ethics approval is required as this systematic review and network meta-analysis do not collect confidential personal data and do not carry out interventions in treating patients.

Protocol registration number
CRD42021240823.
Noções Foucaultianas para o campo da Educação Ambiental
Authors: Garré Bárbara Hees 
Published: August 2021

RESUMO: O presente texto refere-se a um recorte de tese de doutorado que teve como propósito analisar de que modo a revista Veja coloca em funcionamento e potencializa o dispositivo da Educação Ambiental no século XXI. Aqui, em especial, o foco de discussões situa-se em mapear conceitos muito potentes que subsidiaram a pesquisa. Desse modo, a sistematização situa-se em algumas discussões importantes sobre o pensamento do filósofo francês Michel Foucault que se constituem como ferramentas analíticas para o campo da Educação Ambiental. A intenção do trabalho é provocar o leitor a pensar no modo pelo qual a mídia vem atuando como uma pedagogia cultural e, dessa maneira, ensinando as formas corretas de ser, pensar e agir frente às questões ambientais. Como metodologia, utiliza-se de algumas ferramentas foucaultianas da análise do discurso. Problematiza os processos de subjetivação imbricados nas tramas de um dispositivo que é cada vez mais potente e incide sobre a vida dos sujeitos na atualidade.
Palavras-chave: Educação Ambiental; Michel Foucault; Dispositivo.
The Sulfur Microbial Diet and Risk of Colorectal Cancer by Molecular Subtypes and Intratumoral Microbial Species in Adult Men
Authors: Sikavi Daniel R. , Nguyen Long H. , Haruki Koichiro , Ugai Tomotaka , Ma Wenjie , Wang Dong D. , Thompson Kelsey N. , Yan Yan , Branck Tobyn , Wilkinson Jeremy E. , Akimoto Naohiko , Zhong Rong , Lau Mai Chan , Mima Kosuke , Kosumi Keisuke , Morikawa Teppei , Rimm Eric B. , Garrett Wendy S. , Izard Jacques , Cao Yin , Song Mingyang , Huttenhower Curtis , Ogino Shuji , Chan Andrew T. 
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:
We recently described the sulfur microbial diet, a pattern of intake associated with increased gut sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and incidence of distal colorectal cancer (CRC). We assessed whether this risk differed by CRC molecular subtypes or presence of intratumoral microbes involved in CRC pathogenesis (Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bifidobacterium spp.).

METHODS:
We performed Cox proportional hazards modeling to examine the association between the sulfur microbial diet and incidence of overall and distal CRC by molecular and microbial subtype in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2012).

RESULTS:
We documented 1,264 incident CRC cases among 48,246 men, approximately 40% of whom had available tissue data. After accounting for multiple hypothesis testing, the relationship between the sulfur microbial diet and CRC incidence did not differ by subtype. However, there was a suggestion of an association by prostaglandin synthase 2 (PTGS2) status with a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for highest vs lowest tertile of sulfur microbial diet scores of 1.31 (95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.74, P
trend = 0.07, P
heterogeneity = 0.04) for PTGS2-high CRC. The association of the sulfur microbial diet with distal CRC seemed to differ by the presence of intratumoral Bifidobacterium spp. with an adjusted hazard ratio for highest vs lowest tertile of sulfur microbial diet scores of 1.65 (95% confidence interval: 1.14–2.39, P
trend = 0.01, P
heterogeneity = 0.03) for Bifidobacterium-negative distal CRC. We observed no apparent heterogeneity by other tested molecular markers.

DISCUSSION:
Greater long-term adherence to the sulfur microbial diet could be associated with PTGS2-high and Bifidobacterium-negative distal CRC in men. Additional studies are needed to further characterize the role of gut microbial sulfur metabolism and CRC.
Electoral Violence and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Harry Deinibiteim M. , Kalagbor Samuel B. 
Published: August 2021

The study examined the effects of electoral violence on the democratization efforts and democratic consolidation in Nigeria since the beginning of the Fourth Republic in 1999. The nation’s elections, at all levels of governance, are characterized by violence. Violence mar as high as 70 percent of Nigerian elections resulting in deaths, destruction of properties, maiming, etc. Successive governments have made frantic efforts to institutionalize and consolidate democracy in the country, embarking on various electoral reforms with little or no result with respect to curbing electoral violence. Thus, the main objective of this study is to show that the high rate of electoral violence witnessed over the years has weakened and discredited the democratic consolidation drive of the Nigerian state. The theoretical framework adopted in this study is the “State Fragility Theory”. However, the author’s modified version of “State Compromise Theory” was used to analyze the nature, character and reasons for electoral violence in Nigeria and its effects on the institutionalization of democracy in the country. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were mainly drawn from mainly the authors’ observations during elections, over the years, while secondary data were drawn from existing literature on the subject matter. The study revealed that the pervasive violence at different elections has greatly discredited and emasculated democratic governance in the country. Violence has become both physical and cathartic. It manifests in form of wanton shooting by political thugs to intimidate voters and electoral officials, so as to snatch election materials, disruption of voting, vote suppression, cancellation and annulment of elections in opposition strongholds, etc. The paper concluded that, to ensure the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria, election management bodies must adopt an electoral system that drastically reduces congregation of people at a voting point(s) so as to reduce violence. Some of the recommendations are that election management bodies should deploy appropriate technology to reduce congregation of people at a voting point, transmission of results should be done electronically to minimize human involvement, contacts error and manipulations.
Factors Impacting Sumatran Private Medical Students Inclination to Work In Rural Areas
Authors: Fadilah Mariatul 
Published: August 2021

At present the progress of Indonesia's health currently has significant problems with the unequal distribution of doctors in rural areas; doctors are only concentrated in urban areas. The environment and policies at private universities have a big influence on the educational process, which causes the low interest of private medical students to work in rural areas. Getting the right results on the pattern of interest in private medical students to work in rural areas will ultimately help policymakers to resolve differences in the distribution of doctors in Indonesia. This quantitative analytical study was conducted at 12 private medical faculties on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The total sample obtained was 446 active private medical students in 2016 from a total population of 5,106 students. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using software namely SPSS. From the results of the binary logistic regression analysis, there are four dominant factors of private students that affect the interest in working in rural areas. Then a multivariate logistic regression analysis using the enter method was conducted that the tendency of medical students to work in rural areas was 58% for private universities. By using patterns and student acceptance variables, it is expected to increase the interest of private medical students working in rural areas, and ultimately be able to distribute doctors equally in Indonesia.
Corporate governance perspective on enterprise risk management and organizational sustainability
Authors: Ugoani John Nkeobuna Nnah 
Published: August 2021

The study was designed to explore the relationship between enterprise risk management and organizational sustainability. Enterprises can only meet the generational intention of founders when they are properly managed exemplified by sustainable performance. Business failures in recent history refocused attention towards good enterprise risk management to promote organizational sustainability. Sustainability implies meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future generations, and this cannot happen in an environment drenched in weak enterprise risk management. Corporate governance perspective suggests that the BODs of a company has the ultimate responsibility to establish effective risk management framework for the healthy performance and sustainability of the enterprise. Therefore, a major concern of the BODs is to diversify away risks and to create a stable average to enhance organizational performance. Management decision making as an integral part of modern management aims at both enterprise risk minimization and the optimal achievement of organizational goals and sustainability. The exploratory research design was used for the study. Data generated and analyzed through statistical techniques, showed strong positive relationship between enterprise risk management and organizational sustainability. Because of limitations in terms of current literature, the study was not exhaustive; therefore, further study should examine the relationship between weak risk management and enterprise failure. It was recommended that complex organizations must establish good corporate governance structure to promote enterprise risk management and organizational sustainability.
The influence of the governance and innovation indexes on the environmental performance of countries
Authors: De Miranda Ronaldo Leão , Lange Alberto Augusto , Kroenke Adriana , Parisotto Iara Regina dos Santos 
Published: August 2021

In a period marked by ascending international independence and integration, governance and innovation are considered important tools in the sustainable growing process of countries, highlighting a constant search for positive development. The present paper intends to analyze the influence of the innovation and governance indexes on the environmental performance of nations around the globe. This is a descriptive study, we chose a quantitative approach and the data were collected on the Worldwide Governance Indicators (2018), Global Innovation Index (2018) and Environmental Performance Index (2018) websites. Subsequently, the data were organized and tabulated on the software SPSS®, version 22. Our analysis happened with the aid of descriptive statistics and linear regression. The main results indicate that countries do not show better environmental performance - where we take environmental health and the vitality of the ecosystems into consideration - due to the confidence and respect to the process in which governments are elected and observed. In the innovation perspective and context, we could infer that it influences the environmental performance among the 108 countries that compose the sample. Therefore, the opinion regarding the importance of innovation is essential to comprehend the development of countries, and that includes the environmental field.
Thrombospondin domain1-related congenital chylothorax in an infant with maple syrup urine disease: a challenging case
Authors: Al Mandhari Hilal , Al Naamany Nidaa , Ur Rahman Asad , Al-Kindy Hussain , Naz Qureshi Tabinda , Al-Thihli Khalid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Congenital chylothorax is a rare entity with various etiologies ranging from anatomical to genetic causes. If associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis mortality rates can reach up to 98%. Treatment is challenging and mostly supportive, with no standard guidelines.

Case presentation
We describe the unique and challenging course of a late preterm infant with non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), and recurrent chylothorax attributed to homozygous mutations in thrombospondin domain1 (THSD1) gene. The infant was also affected with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), which further complicated the clinical course. Treatment was supportive by means of chest tubes, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and eventually he was tracheostomized and discharged home on home BiPAP ventilation and required prolonged use of octreotide to prevent re-accumulation of chylothorax.

Conclusions

THSD1 gene has a role in vascular permeability and its mutation in our patient caused congenital chylothorax and NIHF and is also associated with other features such as vascular malformations.