bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying production rates and size fractions of parrotfish‐derived sediment: A key functional role on Maldivian coral reefs
Authors: Yarlett Robert T. , Perry Chris T. , Wilson Rod W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoral reef fish perform numerous important functional roles on coral reefs. Of these, carbonate sediment production, as a by‐product of parrotfish feeding, is especially important for contributing to reef framework construction and reef‐associated landform development. However, only limited data exist on: (i) how production rates vary among reef habitats as a function of parrotfish assemblages, (ii) the relative importance of sediment produced from eroded, reworked, and endogenous sources, or (iii) the size fractions of sediment generated by different parrotfish species and size classes. These parameters influence not only overall reef‐derived sediment supply, but also influence the transport potential and depositional fate of this sedimentary material. Here, we show that parrotfish sediment production varies significantly between reef‐platform habitats on an atoll‐margin Maldivian reef. Highest rates of production (over 0.8 kg m−2 year−1) were calculated in three of the eight platform habitats; a rubble‐dominated zone, an Acropora spp. dominated zone, and a patch reef zone. Habitat spatial extent and differences in associated parrotfish assemblages strongly influenced the total quantities of sediment generated within each habitat. Nearly half of total parrotfish sediment production occurred in the rubble habitat, which comprised only 8% of the total platform area. Over 90% of this sedimentary material originated from eroded reef framework as opposed to being reworked existing or endogenously produced sediment, and comprised predominantly coral sands (predominantly 125–1000 µm in diameter). This is comparable to the dominant sand types and size fractions found on Maldivian reef islands. By contrast, nearly half of the sediment egested by parrotfish in the Acropora spp. dominated and patch reef habitats resulted from reworked existing sediments. These differences between habitats are a result of the different parrotfish assemblages supported. Endogenous carbonate production was found to be insignificant compared to the quantity of eroded and reworked material. Our findings have important implications for identifying key habitats and species which act as major sources of sediment for reef‐island systems.
Vacancy–vacancy pairs induced new phase formation in carbon boride: A design principle to achieve superior performance Li/Na‐ion battery anodes
Authors: Wei Yaru , Yang Baocheng , Wang Shuaiwei , Wu Donghai , Zhang Shouren , Chen Houyang , Ruckenstein Eli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDefect engineering is a desired manner to promote the performance of electrodes. Herein, by employing the boron atom substitution and carbon–boron vacancy–vacancy pairs in graphene, a defect‐induced two‐dimensional new phase, popC5B, is formed. The evidences indicate that it has dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stabilities. When used as anodes in Li/Na‐ion batteries, it possesses high theoretical specific capacities of 1891/1135 mAh/g. The high capacity is attributed to the synergy effect of various defect engineering and defect‐induced phase transition that lead to the charge delocalization in popC5B and promote the electron transfer between metal ions and popC5B. This study demonstrates that the synergy effect of various kinds of defects could be an effective approach to acquire high performance electrodes in batteries.image
Airway injury from transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach
Authors: Long Sallie M. , Ali Khalid , Tufano Ralph P. , Banuchi Victoria E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a novel technique that eliminates a cervical scar. This procedure carries unique risks, and data on outcomes are needed as more cases are performed.MethodsWe describe two cases of airway injury during the TOETVA. A description of the procedure and management of the injuries is outlined.ResultsIn one case, a 3‐mm injury in the thyrohyoid membrane was identified. The TOETVA was converted to an open approach due to significant inflammation in the setting of Graves' and the repair was performed while open. In the second case, a fracture occurred from the thyroid notch to Broyle's ligament without avulsion. A primary repair was endoscopically performed.ConclusionsAirway injury is a possible complication of both open thyroidectomy and TOETVA. For TOETVA, trauma is most likely to occur in the midline during Hegar dilation and trocar placement through the central incision.
Review on natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: He Xiaohua , Gao Yan , Li Zhiming , Huang Huiqiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is strongly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and has a high prevalence in Asian and in Central and South America. About 85% of ENKTLs derive from NK cells and 15% from T‐cells. Various factors have been implicated in the development of ENKTL. Molecular pathogenesis of NK/T‐cell lymphomas include mutations of genes, involving in the Janus Kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, RNA helicase family, epigenetic regulation, and tumor suppression. The relationship between ENKTL and human leukocyte antigen has been demonstrated. Radiotherapy plays a key role in the first‐line treatment of early‐stage. In stage III/IV diseases, non‐anthracycline‐regimens‐containing L‐asparaginase are recommended. Although clinical remission after L‐asparaginase‐based combination therapy has been achieved in the majority of patients with advanced‐stage or relapsed/refractory extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma‐nasal type, the long‐term overall survival is still poor. Recently, immunotherapy and new therapeutic targets have gained much attention. In this article, we discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognostic models and management options of ENKTL.
Barriers and facilitators for pharmacists prescribing emergency contraception under statewide protocol
Authors: Rafie Sally , Hildebrand Marisa , Hurst Samantha , Economou Nicole , Stadnick Nicole A. , Mody Sheila K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPharmacists can prescribe levonorgestrel and ulipristal acetate emergency contraception (EC) under statewide protocol in California. The objective of this study was to determine barriers and facilitators for pharmacists prescribing EC.MethodsFor this qualitative study, we conducted semi‐structured individual interviews with 18 pharmacists and pharmacy technicians practicing in pharmacies across California. We operationalized the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) implementation science framework to develop the interview guide and inform the thematic analysis. The interview questions explored barriers and facilitators to implementation of pharmacist prescribing of EC.ResultsSeveral themes emerged around barriers and facilitators to service implementation in the PRISM domains of Intervention, External Environment, Implementation and Sustainability Infrastructure, and Recipients. Though participants had experience with over‐the‐counter sales of levonorgestrel EC, they had limited experience prescribing EC and with ulipristal acetate. Reported barriers include difficulty incorporating an additional service into workload without payment or additional human resources, lack of patient demand possibly due to absence of public awareness, lack of physician prescribing of EC, management approval required, and being unaware of the protocol. Participating pharmacists reported being motivated to prescribe EC to benefit patients and provide clinical services. Other reported facilitators included support from their local communities, opportunities created by the statewide protocol, training opportunities, pharmacy team‐based care, and providing patient‐centered care.ConclusionsMultilevel contextual barriers and facilitators exist to implementing pharmacist prescribing of EC that could be addressed in a multicomponent implementation intervention. These findings may help guide implementation strategies, thus increasing patient access to EC.
The Ad‐MD method to calculate NMR shift including effects due to conformational dynamics: The 31P NMR shift in DNA
Authors: Fukal Jiří , Buděšínský Miloš , Páv Ondřej , Jurečka Petr , Zgarbová Marie , Šebera Jakub , Sychrovský Vladimír 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA method for averaging of NMR parameters by molecular dynamics (MD) has been derived from the method of statistical averaging in MD snapshots, benchmarked and applied to structurally dynamic interpretation of the 31P NMR shift (δ31P) in DNA phosphates. The method employs adiabatic dependence of an NMR parameter on selected geometric parameter(s) that is weighted by MD‐calculated probability distribution(s) for the geometric parameter(s) (Ad‐MD method). The usage of Ad‐MD for polymers is computationally convenient when one pre‐calculated structural dependence of an NMR parameter is employed for all chemically equivalent units differing only in dynamic behavior. The Ad‐MD method is benchmarked against the statistical averaging method for δ31P in the model phosphates featuring distinctively different structures and dynamic behavior. The applicability of Ad‐MD is illustrated by calculating 31P NMR spectra in the Dickerson‐Drew DNA dodecamer. δ31P was calculated with the B3LYP/IGLO‐III/PCM(water) and the probability distributions for the torsion angles adjacent to the phosphorus atoms in the DNA phosphates were calculated using the OL15 force field.
Chest PET/MRI in Solid Cancers: Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of a Free‐Breathing 3D‐T1‐GRE Stack‐of‐Stars Volume Interpolated Breath‐Hold Examination (StarVIBE) Acquisition With That of a 3D‐T1‐GRE Volume Interpolated Breath‐Hold Examination (VIBE) for Chest Staging During Whole‐Body PET/MRI
Authors: Vermersch Mathilde , Emsen Berivan , Monnet Aurélien , Chalaye Julia , Galletto Pregliasco Athena , Baranes Laurence , Rahmouni Alain , Luciani Alain , Itti Emmanuel , Mulé Sébastien 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundWhole‐body positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (WB‐PET/MRI) is increasingly used in oncology. However, chest staging remains challenging.PurposeTo compare the diagnostic performance of a free‐breathing 3D‐T1‐GRE stack‐of‐stars volume interpolated breath‐hold examination (StarVIBE) with that of a 3D‐T1‐GRE volume interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) during WB‐PET/MRI for chest staging.Study TypeRetrospective, cohort study.PopulationOne hundred and twenty‐three patients were referred for initial staging of solid cancer, 46 of whom had pulmonary nodules and 14 had pulmonary metastasis.Field Strength/SequenceFree‐breathing 3D‐T1‐GRE stack‐of‐stars (StarVIBE) and Cartesian 3D‐T1‐GRE VIBE at 3.0 T.AssessmentImage quality was assessed using a 4‐point scale and using the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of lung parenchyma and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of pulmonary nodules. Diagnostic performances of both sequences were determined by three independent radiologists for detection of pulmonary nodules, lymph node involvement, and bone metastases using chest CT, pathology, and follow‐up as reference standards.Statistical TestsPaired Student's t‐test; chi‐squared; Fisher's exact test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsStarVIBE quality was judged as better in 34% of cases and at least equivalent to VIBE in 89% of cases, with significantly higher quality scores (4 [4‐4] vs. 3 [3‐4], respectively). SNR and CNR values were significantly higher with StarVIBE (8 ± 1.3 and 9.7 ± 4.6, respectively) than with VIBE (1.8 ± 0.2 and 5.5 ± 3.3, respectively). Compared to VIBE, StarVIBE showed significantly higher sensitivity (73% [95% CI 62–82] vs. 44% [95% CI 33–55], respectively) and specificity (95% [95% CI 88–99] vs. 67% [95% CI 56–77]) for pulmonary nodules detection and significantly higher sensitivity (100% [95% CI 89–100] vs. 67% [95% CI 48–82], respectively) for detection of lymph node involvement. Sensitivities for bone metastases detection were not significantly different (100% [95% CI 88–100] vs. 82% [95% CI 63–94], P = 0.054).Data ConclusionOwing to improved SNR and CNR and spatial resolution, a free‐breathing 3D stack‐of‐stars T1‐GRE sequence improves chest staging in comparison with standard 3D‐T1‐GRE VIBE and may be integrated in WB‐PET/MRI acquisitions for initial staging of solid cancer.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Vicarious abusive supervision and turnover in expectant working mothers: Does financial dependency trigger emotional disconnect?
Authors: Thompson Merideth J. , Carlson Dawn S. , Hackney Kaylee , Vogel Ryan M. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryUsing a sample of 297 working mothers across three time periods (their last trimester of pregnancy, while on maternity leave, and after returning to the workplace), we examined the role of vicarious abusive supervision, beyond their own experience of abusive supervision, on turnover intentions through experiences of maternal mental health. Utilizing the unfolding model of turnover and Conservation of Resources theory, we found that experiencing the shock event of vicarious abusive supervision contributed to job‐related negative emotions as well as postpartum depressive symptoms in working new moms. Further, this experience of vicarious abusive supervision contributed to job‐related emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions, even after controlling for the mother's own experience of being targeted with abusive supervision behaviors. Finally, we examined the moderating role of financial dependence on this process and found that when working mothers' families were financially dependent on her job, the mothers were less likely to have turnover intentions. Implications for research and practice are provided.
A holistic model of the role, development, and future of knowledge management: Proposal for exploratory research
Authors: Nakash Maayan , Baruchson‐Arbib Shifra , Bouhnik Dan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents our proposal for an exploratory research study. The objective of the research is to develop a conceptual framework of the interpretations, meanings, perceptions, and beliefs related to the role, development, and future of the knowledge management (KM) discipline. We propose to develop a holistic model that will depict professionals' perceptions of this issue: the combined perceptions of both KM consultants and knowledge managers. The proposed qualitative research will be based on three research tools: Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews, focus groups, and content analysis. The data will be analyzed using a thematic analysis method based on the grounded theory approach. We collected preliminary empirical evidence from international KM experts during 2020. The findings revealed a remarkable variety of issues that exist at the core of the KM discipline. These issues include the role and purpose of KM in knowledge‐intensive organizations, the implications of the existence or absence of KM, and views about future avenues for its development. Our intention is to explore these issues further by expanding the research to other KM professionals. Through this, we hope to assist in the positioning of the discipline in the age of knowledge. This research may contribute significantly to both the theoretical and practical aspects of KM. Its uniqueness is reflected in the voices of KM professionals. We foresee that our research will enable a better understanding of the evolution of KM as a discipline, its contemporary role, and its future possibilities.
Coupled poro‐mechanical tangent formulation applied to sedimentary basin modeling
Authors: Brüch André , Guy Nicolas , Lemos Paulo Sérgio B. , Maghous Samir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSedimentary basin modeling involves large space domains and time periods. Reproducing the compaction processes of the sediment material requires the constitutive model to be formulated in the framework of large irreversible strains, taking both geometric and physical nonlinearities into account. This work presents a tangent formulation for the coupled poro‐mechanical system of equations resulting from the weak form of the momentum and fluid mass balance equations. The proposed workflow is integrated in a thermo‐poro‐mechanical finite element basin simulator. At material level, purely mechanical and chemo‐mechanical deformations are respectively addressed by means of plastic and viscoplastic components in the macroscopic state equations. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed tangent formulation are assessed through the simulation of a basin geological scenario involving gravitational compaction and tectonic shortening. Both drained and undrained behaviors of the basin rocks are simulated. The procedure has significantly improved the convergence rate and reduced the computational cost with comparison to the original formulation based on the standard poro‐elastic coefficients. In order to illustrate the potential of the basin simulator to deal with real case applications, a well model from the Neuquén basin in Argentina is also presented. The results are validated against available numerical and field data for porosity, pore‐pressure and temperature.
Modeling and optimization of multilevel marketing operations
Authors: Hum Sin‐Hoon , Parlar Mahmut 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper models the resource allocation problem arising in multilevel marketing (i.e., network) operations. The supervisor of a network of salespersons has a limited resource (her own time). She must decide on the (i) optimal number of “direct contacts” to recruit, train and develop; (ii) optimal number of lower levels she should be responsible for helping to hire, train and develop their own direct contacts, and (iii) optimal allocation of her time at each level in the network. We use tools from branching processes and find general results for the probability distribution of the number of lower level contacts with non‐identical distributions for any given number of initial contacts. Using these results, we present an optimization model for contacts with different characteristics and determine the optimal number of initial contacts, the number of lower levels and the supervisor's optimal effort at each level using tools from nonlinear programming, in particular, Kuhn‐Tucker conditions and Lagrangian duality. We generalize our models, (i) to allow for the randomness of time spent by the supervisor; and (ii) the possibility of supervisor generating her own direct sales. Several examples illustrate our findings.
Nursing students’ attitudes towards death and caring for dying patients
Authors: Zahran Zainab , Hamdan Khaldoun M. , Hamdan‐Mansour Ayman M. , Allari Rabia S. , Alzayyat Abeer A. , Shaheen Abeer M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the attitudes of undergraduate Jordanian nursing students towards death and caring for dying patients.DesignA cross‐sectional correlational design.MethodsThe Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying and Death Attitude Profile‐Revised scales were used in this study with a convenience sample of 555 students from nursing schools in Jordan.ResultsNursing students had positive attitudes towards death (M = 153.7, SD = 21.5) and a positive attitude towards caring for dying patients (M = 98.1, SD = 9.2). Fear of death, escape acceptance and death avoidance were significant negative predictors, while neutral acceptance, higher academic level and female gender were significant positive predictors of caring for dying patients (F = 4.5).ConclusionNursing students had positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients that was influenced by university type, academic level and gender. Nursing education must further focus on death, dying and end‐of‐life care across the core courses of nursing curricula, theory and practicum.
Nursing interventions to cover patients' basic needs in the intensive care context – A systematic review
Authors: Larsen Marie Hamilton , Johannessen Gudrun Irene , Heggdal Kristin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the content, theoretical frameworks and effectiveness of nursing interventions utilizing patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the intensive care unit (ICU).DesignA systematic review and narrative synthesis following the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis checklist.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SweMed and Cochrane controlled trials register (CENTRAL) databases for studies evaluating interventions primarily delivered by nurses in the ICU. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were included, whereas only seven studies used a theoretical framework. The interventions were heterogeneous in content, duration and choice of PROMs. Outcomes were related to covering patients' and families' basic needs, described by Henderson as essential functions of nursing. Several studies reported positive intervention effects, and nurses' communication and psychosocial care were considered essential components of nursing interventions in the ICU.
Animal diseases in the Central Balkan Eneolithic (ca. 4500–2500 BC)—A diachronic perspective on the site of Bubanj, south‐eastern Serbia
Authors: Bulatović Jelena , Marković Nemanja , Krstić Nikola , Bulatović Aleksandar , Mitrović Marko , Marinković Darko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to present the first evidence of animal diseases from the Central Balkan Eneolithic, a prehistoric period that lasted about 2000 years. The eponymous site of Bubanj in south‐eastern Serbia provided a diachronic perspective on animal pathologies developing during this long time period. We analyzed 71 animal remains showing evidence of pathological changes. All of the remains exhibiting anomalies were subjected to macroscopic analysis, while the specimens with the most prominent alterations also underwent X‐ray and CT imaging. Anomalies were observed mostly in domestic animals. Only in caprines were all of the different types of anomalies present, with dental pathologies being the most frequent. Degenerative bone alterations were noted in around 78% of the domestic cattle specimens, while congenital anomalies were the most common type in domestic pigs. Pathological changes were also noted in dogs, aurochs, red deer, wild boars, beavers, and bears. In most cases, the anomalies were caused by hereditary and environmental factors. Caprine dental pathologies were the result of aging and poor‐quality nutrition. In domestic cattle, besides being caused by environmental factors, the degenerative alterations might also have been work related. The lack of paleopathological data from other Eneolithic sites in the region, and the scarce or non‐existent evidence from the previous (Neolithic) and succeeding (Bronze Age) periods prevented comparative analyses and discussion of the results within wider temporal and spatial frames. Establishing a paleopathological investigation of animal remains with anomalies from the prehistoric Central Balkans should be a standard, in order to provide us with a better understanding of human–animal interactions.