bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact lens education for the practitioners of the future
Authors: Naroo Shehzad A , Morgan Philip B , Shinde Lakshmi , Lee Cheni , Ewbank Alison 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization has identified a shortage of trained human resources as one of the greatest challenges to increasing the availability of eye care services and reducing preventable visual impairment around the world. Increased prevalence of myopia and new strategies for myopia management have raised the prospect of various interventions, including contact lenses for therapeutic use as well as for refractive correction. More personnel skilled in contact lens fitting will be needed to address potential worldwide demand for these interventions. This review investigates the current status and future requirements of global contact lens education in light of these developments.The COVD‐19 pandemic led educational institutions worldwide to move towards online delivery. An online survey among 546 educators, conducted in May 2020, investigated changes to contact lens education delivery before and after the onset of the pandemic. A total of 214 responses were received from 32 countries. Prior to COVID‐19 restrictions, 23% of educators had conducted more than 50% of their total teaching online; however, 69% expected to conduct more than half of their teaching online by the end of 2020 and 12% anticipated 90% or more of their teaching would be online. Some 76% of educators expected to provide more online lectures after the pandemic and 63% anticipated new methods to deliver practical education. Around half were planning to introduce new teaching online platforms (54%) and more online assessment methods (53%).The global need for increasing numbers of skilled personnel points to a crucial role for educators in teaching the contact lens practitioners of the future. Contact lens education delivery was already evolving prior to COVID‐19, and changes that are currently occurring may lead to permanent differences in the way contact lenses are taught in future. The International Association of Contact Lens Educators (IACLE) provides educators with a standardised global curriculum, online resources and teaching technology that could also serve as a model for wider ophthalmic education in future.
Anesthetic techniques used for pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of port‐wine birthmarks: An exploratory assessment of current attitudes and practice patterns among pediatric dermatologists in the United States
Authors: Klein Alyssa , Aggarwal Prachi , Mannschreck Diana , Cohen Bernard A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesPulsed dye laser (PDL) is the gold standard for treating port‐wine birthmarks (PWBs), but no consensus exists regarding anesthetic techniques when performing PDL for PWB. Given potential adverse neurocognitive effects from general anesthesia (GA) exposure in early childhood, we sought to establish current attitudes and practice patterns regarding anesthesia when treating PWB with PDL.MethodsAn electronic REDCap survey was distributed to members of the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) and the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) via email. Aggregate, anonymized results were reported.ResultsAmong 47 respondents, the majority (83%) identified as board‐certified pediatric dermatologists. When treating children <4 years old, 70% endorsed some use of topical anesthesia. Although 87% reported concerns about long‐term side effects on development and school performance affecting their pursuit of GA, 61% reported use of GA for PDL in children <4 years old. All 4 (100%) respondents whose PDL was located in the operating room (OR) setting reported use of GA, compared to 6 of 17 (35%) respondents whose PDL machine was not located in the OR. Providers were more likely to use GA in patients between 1 and 4 years old (70%) compared to those <1 year old (2%).ConclusionsDiverse practice patterns reiterate the need for a standardized anesthetic approach for PDL in young children and continued research on other factors (ie, location/accessibility of PDL, lesion size) impacting anesthesia choices. Given potential neurodevelopmental risks associated with GA, specific guidance to effectively minimize its use in favor of topical anesthetics should be provided.
Body composition and ventricular function in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Carbayo Javier , Abad Soraya , Verde Eduardo , Muñoz de Morales Alejandra , Gonzalez‐Rojas Angela , Acosta Adriana , Mijaylova Antonia , Bascuñana Arturo , Vega Almudena , Goicoechea Marian 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThere is no evidence about the potential role of body composition on cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between body composition and changes in ventricular function. We conducted an observational study over a population of 78 patients on chronic hemodialysis. A transthoracic echocardiogram and a bioimpedance were performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. The mean follow‐up time was 30.6 months. Patients who had a higher fat tissue index (FTI > 9.20 kg/m2) experienced a worsening in right and left ventricular function. They developed a greater fall in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (−1 ± 4.3 mm) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)(−4.2 ± 6.8%), compared to those with lower FTI (p = 0.032 and p = 0.045, respectively). No associations were found between any other echocardiography or body composition parameters and overall mortality. Patients with right ventricular dysfunction (determined as TAPSE) experienced a tendency to higher mortality rate along the study (HR for mortality of 13.5 (95% CI, 1.1–166.7; p = 0.041)]. A higher fat tissue index could be associated with a deleterious effect over right and left ventricular function in dialysis patients.
Wanting a “Feminist Abortion Experience”: Emotion Work, Collective Identity, and Pro‐Choice Discourse1
Authors: Siegel Derek P. 
Published: February 2021

When pro‐choice individuals expect to feel relieved after their abortions, they often express discomfort with ambivalence and try to minimize “negative feelings.” By conducting interviews (n = 27) with feminists about their recent abortions, I examine what produces this tension and find multiple explanations. In terms of their own interests, respondents fear being (perceived as) “bad feminists” for harboring ambivalence over their abortions, and regarding others, worry that anti‐abortion activists will misrepresent their experiences to further attack abortion rights. Ultimately, I use the feeling rules framework and the concepts of personal and collective identity to explain how—in this and other social movement contexts—political affiliation shapes the way someone manages their private emotions. I also examine how the processes of emotion management and identity formation are intertwined. On the one hand, their political identities compel the feminists in my sample to express certain emotions, and on the other hand, by expressing dominant emotions, they reinforce the strength of their pro‐choice identities and what it means to have a feminist abortion. This explains why activists are more likely than non‐activists to self‐police their abortion‐related emotions.
Outcomes of baervedlt implant surgery in 17 dogs (20 eyes) with primary closed‐angle glaucoma (2013–2019)
Authors: Crowe Yvette C. , Groth Allyson D. , White Joanna , Hindley Kate E. , Premont Johana E. , Billson Francis M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report outcomes and follow‐up of Baerveldt implant surgery in dogs with primary closed‐angle glaucoma (PCAG).Materials and MethodsRecord review of client‐owned dogs with PCAG that underwent Baerveldt implant surgery during a 6‐year period. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), vision and daily number of anti‐glaucoma drops at fixed time points (3, 12, and 24 months) were compared with preoperative values; complications were recorded. Success was defined as IOP <20 mm Hg and a positive menace response and navigation/tracking ability.ResultsTwenty eyes (17 dogs) were included. Mean follow‐up was 575 days (range 30–1767 days) from implant surgery to last examination. Three months postoperatively 15/20 (75%) eyes had IOP <20 mm Hg and 14/20 (70%) eyes had vision. Twelve months postoperatively 11/17 (65%) eyes had IOP <20 mm Hg and 12/19 (63%) eyes had vision. Twenty‐four months postoperatively 8/14 (57%) eyes had IOP <20 mm Hg and 7/15 (47%) eyes had vision. Denominators differ between time points as eyes were included when duration after surgery reached the relevant postoperative time point or failure was documented earlier. Within 3 months postoperatively 16/20 (80%) eyes had ≥1 complication, including transient IOP >20 mm Hg (14/20; 70% eyes), fibrin (12/20; 60% eyes), and hypotony (4/20; 20% eyes). After 3 months, postoperatively 13/16 (81%) eyes had ≥1 complication, including cataracts (13/16; 81% eyes), bleb fibrosis (3/16; 19% eyes), and conjunctival wound breakdown (1/16; 6% eyes). One patient (1 eye) was euthanized for blindness and 5/20 (25%) eyes were enucleated.ConclusionsThe technique was effective in controlling IOP and maintaining vision in most dogs in this study.
Susceptibility of canine chondrocytes and synoviocytes to antibiotic cytotoxicity in vitro
Authors: Newman Robert J. , Chow Lyndah , Goodrich Laurie R. , Lambrechts Nicolaas E. , Dow Steven W. , Pezzanite Lynn M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate relative cytotoxicity of antibiotics to normal canine joint tissues in vitro.Study designExperimental in vitro study.Sample populationChondrocytes and synoviocytes (three dogs); cartilage explants (three dogs); six dogs total.MethodsChondrocytes and synoviocytes from normal femoropatellar joints of three dogs were plated on 24‐well plates (50 000 cells/cm2, triplicate, 48 hours) and exposed to antibiotics (ampicillin sulbactam, vancomycin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, amikacin, enrofloxacin; 0.39‐25 mg/mL, 24 hours). Viability was assessed by using trypan blue dye exclusion. Antibiotic concentrations at which 50% cell death occurred (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) were determined to rank antibiotics for relative cytotoxicity. Occurrence of caspase‐3 expression after antibiotic exposure was assessed as an indication of apoptosis induction. Cartilage explants from three different dogs were minced and exposed to antibiotics (amikacin, ceftazidime, cefazolin, enrofloxacin; 5 mg/mL, 72 hours). Live/dead staining was performed, and fluorescence was visualized by using confocal microscopy. Percentage of live vs dead cells was quantitated.ResultsViability of chondrocytes and synoviocytes decreased with increasing antibiotic concentrations. Half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations were determined for synoviocytes (vancomycin 13.77, ampicillin sulbactam 3.07, amikacin 2.26, ceftazidime 1.62, cefazolin 1.48, enrofloxacin 1.25 mg/mL) and chondrocytes (vancomycin 8.65, ampicillin sulbactam 8.63, ceftazidime 3.16, amikacin 2.74, cefazolin 1.67, enrofloxacin 0.78 mg/mL). Caspase‐3 expression was upregulated, providing evidence that apoptotic pathways were active in cell death.ConclusionHalf‐maximal inhibitory concentration data provided evidence of lower toxicity of vancomycin and ampicillin sulbactam to joint tissues in vitro.Clinical significanceThese results provide evidence to justify future in vitro work with osteoarthritic joint tissues and in vivo clinical trials to evaluate safety and efficacy of intra‐articular antibiotics to treat dogs with septic arthritis.
Outcomes and prognostic indicators in 59 paraplegic medium to large breed dogs with extensive epidural hemorrhage secondary to thoracolumbar disc extrusion
Authors: Woelfel Christian W. , Robertson James B. , Mariani Chris L. , Muñana Karen R. , Early Peter J. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes and prognostic factors after decompressive hemilaminectomy in paraplegic medium to large breed dogs with extensive epidural hemorrhage (DEEH) and thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL‐IVDE).Study designRetrospective, cohort, descriptive study.AnimalsFifty‐nine client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records and advanced imaging were reviewed for paraplegic dogs with DEEH. Ambulatory status 6 months after surgery and postoperative complications were recorded. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to explore prognostic factors.ResultsRecords of 22 dogs with and 37 dogs without pelvic limb pain perception at presentation were included. Median age of dogs was 5 years (interquartile range, 4‐7), and mean weight was 26.9 kg (SD, ±9.71). Labradors and Labrador mixes were most common (17/59 [28.8%]). Recovery of ambulation occurred in 17 of 22 (77.3%) dogs with and in 14 of 37 (37.8%) dogs without pain perception prior to surgery. Progressive myelomalacia was recorded in three of 59 (5.1%) dogs, one with pain perception and two without pain perception at presentation. Postoperative complications (14/59 [23.7%]) were common. Factors independently associated with outcome included clinical severity (odds ratio [OR] 0.179,P= .005), number of vertebrae with signal interruption in half Fourier single‐shot turbo spin‐echo sequences (HASTEi; OR, 0.738;P= .035), and ratio of vertebral sites decompressed to HASTEi (OR, 53.79;P= .03).ConclusionParaplegic medium to large breed dogs with DEEH have a less favorable outcome after surgical decompression than paraplegic dogs with TL‐IVDE.Clinical significanceDogs with DEEH can have severe postoperative complications. Loss of pain perception and increased HASTEi are associated with a poor outcome, while more extensive decompression improves outcome.
Hypoxia and hypoxia‐inducible factors promote the development of neointimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Sadaghianloo Nirvana , Contenti Julie , Declemy Serge , Ambrosetti Damien , Zdralevic Masa , Tannour‐Louet Mounia , Fabbri Lucilla , Pagès Gilles , Bost Frédéric , Hassen‐Khodja Réda , Pouysségur Jacques , Jean‐Baptiste Elixène , Dardik Alan , Mazure Nathalie M. 
Published: February 2021

Key points
Patients with end‐stage renal failure need arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) to undergo dialysis. However, AVFs present a high rate of failure as a result of excessive venous thickness.
Excessive venous thickness may be a consequence of surgical dissection and change in oxygen concentration within the venous wall.
We show that venous cells adapt their metabolism and growth depending on oxygen concentration, and drugs targeting the hypoxic response pathway modulate this response in vitro.
We used the same drugs on a mouse model of AVF and show that direct or indirect inhibition of the hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) help decrease excessive venous thickness.
Hypoxia and HIFs can be targets of therapeutic drugs to prevent excessive venous thickness in patients undergoing AVF surgical creation.
AbstractBecause the oxygen concentration changes in the venous wall, surrounding tissue and the blood during surgical creation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF), we hypothesized that hypoxia could contribute to AVF failure as a result of neointimal hyperplasia. We postulated that modulation of the hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIF) with pharmacological compounds could promote AVF maturation. Fibroblasts [normal human fibroblasts (NHF)], smooth muscle cells [human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMC)] and endothelial cells [human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)], representing the three layers of the venous wall, were tested in vitro for proliferation, cell death, metabolism, reactive oxygen species production and migration after silencing of HIF1/2‐α or after treatment with deferioxamine (DFO), everolimus (Eve), metformin (Met), N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC) and topoisomerase I (TOPO), which modulate HIF‐α stability or activity. Compounds that were considered to most probably modify intimal hyperplasia were applied locally to the vessels in a mouse model of aortocaval fistula. We showed, in vitro, that NHF and HUVSMC can adapt their metabolism and thus their growth depending on oxygen concentration, whereas HUVEC appears to be less flexible. siHIF1/2α, DFO, Eve, Met, NAC and TOPO can modulate metabolism and proliferation depending on the cell type and the oxygen concentration. In vivo, siHIF1/2α, Eve and TOPO decreased neointimal hyperplasia by 32%–50%, 7 days after treatment. Within the vascular wall, hypoxia and HIF‐1/2 mediate early failure of AVF. Local delivery of drugs targeting HIF‐1/2 could inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in a mouse model of AVF. Such compounds may be delivered during the surgical procedure for AVF creation to prevent early AVF failure.
Two-point function of the energy-momentum tensor and generalised conformal structure
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Delle Rose Luigi , Skenderis Kostas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTheories with generalised conformal structure contain a dimensionful parameter, which appears as an overall multiplicative factor in the action. Examples of such theories are gauge theories coupled to massless scalars and fermions with Yukawa interactions and quartic couplings for the scalars in spacetime dimensions other than 4. Many properties of such theories are similar to that of conformal field theories (CFT), and in particular their 2-point functions take the same form as in CFT but with the normalisation constant now replaced by a function of the effective dimensionless coupling g constructed from the dimensionful parameter and the distance separating the two operators. Such theories appear in holographic dualities involving non-conformal branes and this behaviour of the correlators has already been observed at strong coupling. Here we present a perturbative computation of the two-point function of the energy-momentum tensor to two loops in dimensions $$d= 3, 5$$

d
=
3
,
5

, confirming the expected structure and determining the corresponding functions of g to this order, including the effects of renormalisation. We also discuss the $$\hbox {d}=4$$

d
=
4

case for comparison. The results for $$d=3$$

d
=
3

are relevant for holographic cosmology, and in this case we also study the effect of a $$\Phi ^6$$

Φ
6

coupling, which while marginal in the usual sense it is irrelevant from the perspective of the generalised conformal structure. Indeed, the effect of such coupling in the 2-point function is washed out in the IR but it modifies the UV.
Report on the tenth international workshop on location and the web (LocWeb 2020)
Authors: Ahlers Dirk , Wilde Erik , Schifanella Rossano , Alowibdi Jalal S. 
Published: February 2021

LocWeb 2020 was the tenth workshop in the LocWeb workshop series at the intersection of location-based analytics and Web architecture and was held at The Web Conference, WWW 2020, on 21
st
April 2020. The focus was on Web-scale services and systems facilitating location-aware information access as well as on Spatial Social Computing on the Web. The LocWeb 2019 workshop had contributions ranging from urban location data analysis over geospatial open data access to worldwide media consumption patterns.

The workshop and conference was intended to be held in Taipei, Taiwan, but was instead held as a virtual workshop since also The Web Conference itself moved to be an online-only event, due to the current pandemic. That also gave rise to a number of discussions around spatial models, online work modes, and current mitigation efforts.
This report presents an overview of these discussions, after an introduction to the workshop theme and the individual contributions.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kinslow Kyle , Shepherd Aaron , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: February 2021

Background The data on resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) use continue to grow with its increasing use in trauma centers. The data in her last 5 years have not been systematically reviewed. We aim to assess current literature related to REBOA use and outcomes among civilian trauma populations. Methods A literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and JAMA Network for studies regarding REBOA usage in civilian trauma from 2016 to 2020 is carried out. This review followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Results Our search yielded 35 studies for inclusion in our systematic review, involving 4073 patients. The most common indication for REBOA was patient presentation in hemorrhagic shock secondary to traumatic injury. REBOA was associated with significant systolic blood pressure improvement. Of 4 studies comparing REBOA to non-REBOA controls, 2 found significant mortality benefit with REBOA. Significant mortality improvement with REBOA compared to open aortic occlusion was seen in 4 studies. In the few studies investigating zone placement, highest survival rate was seen in patients undergoing zone 3. Overall, reports of complications directly related to overall REBOA use were relatively low. Conclusion REBOA has been shown to be effective in promoting hemodynamic stability in civilian trauma. Mortality data on REBOA use are conflicting, but most studies investigating REBOA vs. open occlusion methods suggest a significant survival advantage. Recent data on the REBOA technique (zone placement and partial REBOA) are sparse and currently insufficient to determine advantage with any particular variation. Overall, larger prospective civilian trauma studies are needed to better understand the benefits of REBOA in high-mortality civilian trauma populations. Study Type Systematic Review. Level of evidence III- Therapeutic.
Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers as Surrogate Markers for Stage in Colon Cancer
Authors: Uludag Server Sezgin , Sanli Ahmet Necati , Zengin Abdullah Kagan , Ozcelik Mehmet Faik 
Published: February 2021

Background This study aimed to investigate whether the systemic inflammatory parameters currently in use in staging the disease can be used as biomarker tests operated colon cancer patients. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/monocyte ratio (NMR), CRP, albumin, lymphocyte/CRP ratio, CRP/albumin ratio, and neutrophil/albumin ratio as systemic inflammatory biomarkers and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were evaluated. Methods This retrospective study included 592 patients. Patients with colon cancer in the cohort were divided into 2 subgroups: Tumor, nodes, metastases (TNM) stage 0, TNM stage 1, and TNM stage 2; early stage (n: 332) and TNM stage 3 and TNM stage 4; late stage (n: 260) colon cancer patients. Results LDH ( P < .001), NLR ( P < .001), PLR ( P < .05), CRP/albumin ( P < .01), and neutrophil/albumin ( P < .01) were significantly higher, while monocyte count ( P < .05) and PNI ( P < .01) were found to be significantly lower in late stage colon cancer patients than in early stage colon cancer patients. Moderate negative correlation was found between the PNI and the neutrophil/albumin ratio in late stage colon cancer patients (r: −.568, P < .001). Conclusions Our data suggest that high serum LDH, NLR, PLR, CRP/albumin, and neutrophil/albumin may be useful predictive markers for advanced stage in colon cancer. According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis results, CRP/albumin ratio can be used to discriminate early from late stage. Preoperative low monocyte count and PNI are associated with postoperative staging patients with colon cancer.