bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Monothematic Conference, 2020
Authors: Zellos Aglaia , Debray Dominique , Indolfi Giuseppe , Czubkowski Piotr , Samyn Marianne , Hadzic Nedim , Gupte Girish , Fischler Björn , Smets Françoise , Clément de Cléty Stéphan , Grenda Ryszard , Mozer Yael , Mancell Sara , Jahnel Jörg , Auzinger Georg , Worth Austen , Lisman Ton , Staufner Christian , Baumann Ulrich , Dhawan Anil , Alonso Estelle , Squires Robert H. , Verkade Henkjan J. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:The Hepatology Committee of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) aims to educate pediatric gastroenterologists, members of ESPGHAN and professionals from other specialties promoting an exchange of clinical expertise in the field of pediatric hepatology.Methods:The 2020 single topic ESPGHAN monothematic 3‐day conference on pediatric liver disease, was organized in Athens, Greece and was entitled “ Acute Liver Failure” (ALF). ALF is a devastating disease with high mortality and in a considerable fraction of patients, the cause remains unresolved. As knowledge in diagnosis and treatment of ALF in infants and children has increased in the past decades, the objective was to update physicians in the field with developments in medical therapy and indications for liver transplantation (LT) and to identify areas for future research in clinical and neurocognitive outcomes in ALF.Results:We recently reported the epidemiology, diagnosis, and initial intensive care management issues in separate manuscript. Herewith we report on the medical treatment, clinical lessons arising from pediatric studies, nutritional and renal replacement therapy (RRT), indications and contraindications for LT, neurocognitive outcomes, new techniques used as bridging to LT, and areas for future research. Oral presentations by experts in various fields are summarized highlighting key learning points.Conclusions:The current report summarizes the current insights in medical treatment of pediatric ALF and the directions for future research.
Substance Use During Pregnancy: A Comparative Review of Major Guidelines
Authors: Tsakiridis Ioannis , Oikonomidou Artemis Christina , Bakaloudi Dimitra Rafailia , Dagklis Themistoklis , Papazisis Georgios , Chourdakis Michail 
Published: November 2021

Importance
Substance use during pregnancy is a major health issue for both the mother and the fetus, but it also represents an important public health concern.

Objective
The aim of this review was to summarize and compare recommendations from recently published guidelines on substance use during pregnancy and especially regarding alcohol, smoking, and drug use.

Evidence Acquisition
A descriptive review of guidelines from the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists on substance use was conducted. Regarding the term “substance use,” the most recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition substances were used.

Results
All the reviewed guidelines recommend appropriate counseling and screening women regarding alcohol, smoking, and drug use during the antenatal period, while the management options vary. More specifically, the prompt management of alcohol dependence is emphasized by all the guidelines except from the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, which makes no recommendation upon. The use of alcohol during breastfeeding should be avoided. Regarding smoking cessation, all guidelines recommend the use of certain psychosocial, behavioral interventions, and pharmacotherapy. All the guidelines, except the one from the WHO, suggest screening drug users for coexistent sexually transmitted infections. Brief interventions are considered beneficial, while a gradual decrease in benzodiazepines is suggested, as well as the discontinuation of marijuana and methamphetamine use. However, there is controversy regarding breastfeeding in those women as the WHO recommends in favor, whereas the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend against this practice. Finally, all the guidelines state that, following delivery, close monitoring of the neonate is needed.

Conclusions
The diversity of guidelines' recommendations concerning substance use reflects the different ways of the management of pregnant women during routine antenatal care due to absence of strong evidence. More research in the areas of dispute may allow the adoption of an international consensus, in order to early detect and appropriately manage pregnant women with harmful addictions.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the learner should be better able to assess all the available screening methods for substance use during pregnancy; describe the management procedures for substance use in pregnancy; and plan counseling during prenatal care, and explain breastfeeding options for women with substance abuse.
The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Step Count, Clinical Characteristics, and Quality of Life Among Depressed Patients Recently Hospitalized With Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Holber Julia P. , Abebe Kaleab Z. , Huang Yan , Jakicic John M. , Anderson Amy M. , Belnap Bea Herbeck , Rollman Bruce L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Physical activity (PA) can improve symptoms of both depression and heart failure (HF), but objective activity data among recently hospitalized HF patients with comorbid depression are lacking. We examined PA and the relationship between daily step counts and mood, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and heart health among patients enrolled in a clinical trial treating HF and comorbid depression.

Methods
We screened hospitalized patients with systolic HF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤45%) and New York Heart Association class II–IV symptoms for depression using the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and telephoned screen-positive patients to administer the PHQ-9 2 weeks after discharge. If the patient scored PHQ-9 ≥10 and agreed to continue in our study, we administered our baseline assessment and mailed them an armband accelerometer. We instructed patients to wear the armbands for 7 days before returning them and classified their data as “usable” if they wore it ≥10 hours per day on ≥4 separate days.

Results
We mailed accelerometers to 531 depressed HF patients, and 222 (42%) returned them with usable data. Their median age was 64 years, 54% were women, 23% were non-White, and they walked a median of 1170 steps daily. Higher median daily step counts were associated with lower New York Heart Association class and better physical- and HF-specific HRQoL, but not mood symptoms, mental HRQoL, or LVEF.

Conclusions
Patients with HF and comorbid depression are generally sedentary after hospital discharge. Although mood symptoms and LVEF were unrelated to objective PA, patients with higher step counts self-reported better HRQoL.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02044211.
Hyperhidrosis of the residual limb: a narrative review of the measurement and treatment of excess perspiration affecting individuals with amputation
Authors: Lannan Ford M. , Powell Jordan , Kim Gabriel M. , Hansen Colby R , Pasquina Paul F. , Smith Douglas G. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Hyperhidrosis (HH) is a relatively common disorder involving excessive sweating, typically of the palms or axilla. HH can also frequently occur after limb amputation, where the remaining residual limb excessively perspires, leading to an increased risk of dermatological disorders and functional limitations, such as the inability to comfortably or safely wear a prosthesis. Although many treatments have been proposed to treat HH within the dermatology community, they are not widely known by healthcare providers typically involved in caring for individuals with acquired limb loss.

Objectives:
To appraise the current state of quantitative and qualitative assessment of HH within the residual limb and examine existing and future treatment strategies for this problem.

Study design:
Narrative Literature Review.

Methods:
A literature review focused on the assessment and treatment of excessive sweating of residual limbs.

Results:
There is currently no objective or subjective standard to assess or diagnose HH of the residual limb. Conventional therapies for HH do not always translate to the population of individuals with limb loss. Emerging modalities for treating HH show promise toward a permanent resolution of excess perspiration but require additional studies within people with amputation.

Conclusions:
Further research is needed to quantify standard values to objectively and subjectively assess and diagnose hyperhidrosis of the residual limb. New and developing treatments for hyperhidrosis require additional studies to assess efficacy and safety in the residual limb.
Prefabricated ankle-foot orthoses for children with cerebral palsy to overcome spastic drop-foot: does orthotic ankle stiffness matter?
Authors: Böhm Harald , Dussa Chakravarthy U. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Spastic drop-foot is a common problem in children with cerebral palsy that may lead to tripping and falling. To improve ankle dorsiflexion in swing phase, prefabricated carbon-composite ankle-foot orthoses are commonly prescribed; by increasing ankle stiffness, these orthoses may also improve knee extension in stance.

Objectives:
To compare the effect of a stiff vs. flexible prefabricated ankle-foot orthosis on sagittal plane ankle and knee kinematics and kinetics during walking.

Study design:
Cross-sectional, repeated-measures, interventional study.

Methods:
Twenty-seven children and adolescents with cerebral palsy who had drop-foot in swing were included. Gait analysis was conducted under four conditions: barefoot, shod, with a stiff, and with a flexible orthosis. Participants were divided into two groups including children and adolescents who have a flexed knee during stance (KF, N = 12) and without flexed knee during stance (KE, N = 15).

Results:
Ankle dorsiflexion in swing phase was significantly improved compared with the shod condition by 6.3 degrees (SD = 3.3 degrees) only in the KE group when using the flexible orthosis. For the stiff orthosis, knee extension in stance was significantly increased by 2.4 degrees (SD = 3.3 degrees) in the KE group compared with the shod condition. No significant improvements were observed for the KF group. Further analysis indicated that only seven patients in the KF group with weak ankle plantarflexors improved knee extension while using the stiff orthosis.

Conclusions:
Our results suggested that in the KE group, the flexible orthosis was best suited for patients with drop-foot without a knee extension deficit. The stiff orthosis was not suitable in this group as it caused a hyperextended knee without improving dorsiflexion in swing phase. Therefore, stiffness should be considered when prefabricated orthoses are prescribed.
Comparison of Ultrasound Features With Maximum Standardized Uptake Value Assessed by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Prognosis of Estrogen Receptor+/Human Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor 2− Breast Cancer
Authors: Choi Bobae 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)− breast cancers have less aggressive traits and a favorable prognosis when treated early. Prediction of prognosis for treatment outcome or survival in ER+/HER2− cancer is important. Ultrasound (US) is an effective and easy technique for breast cancer diagnosis and tumor characterization. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely used for diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic response in cancer evaluation, and a high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is associated with poor prognosis. The study aim was to compare the prognostic value of US features with that of the SUVmax assessed by PET/CT in ER+/HER− breast cancer patients. We retrospectively identified breast cancer patients in our institutional database who had undergone preoperative US and PET/CT, and 96 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ were included in this study. The US features of mass shape, margin, echo pattern, orientation, posterior features, boundary, and calcification in the mass were analyzed. We then analyzed the US features to look for correlations with SUVmax and associations with margins, boundaries, posterior features, histological grade, and ki-67 expression. High SUVmax was correlated with irregular shape, not-circumscribed margin, posterior acoustic enhancement, echogenic halo, and calcification in the mass (P < 0.05, all). Posterior acoustic enhancement was correlated with high ki-67 expression. Many US features of ER+/HER− breast cancer showed associations with SUVmax. Some US features of ER+/HER− breast cancer were useful for predicting prognosis.
A dual larynx motor networks hypothesis
Authors: Belyk Michel , Eichert Nicole , McGettigan Carolyn 
Published: November 2021

Humans are vocal modulators par excellence. This ability is supported in part by the dual representation of the laryngeal muscles in the motor cortex. Movement, however, is not the product of motor cortex alone but of a broader motor network. This network consists of brain regions that contain somatotopic maps that parallel the organization in motor cortex. We therefore present a novel hypothesis that the dual laryngeal representation is repeated throughout the broader motor network. In support of the hypothesis, we review existing literature that demonstrates the existence of network-wide somatotopy and present initial evidence for the hypothesis' plausibility. Understanding how this uniquely human phenotype in motor cortex interacts with broader brain networks is an important step toward understanding how humans evolved the ability to speak. We further suggest that this system may provide a means to study how individual components of the nervous system evolved within the context of neuronal networks.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.
Rethinking the frequency code: a meta-analytic review of the role of acoustic body size in communicative phenomena
Authors: Winter Bodo , Oh Grace Eunhae , Hübscher Iris , Idemaru Kaori , Brown Lucien , Prieto Pilar , Grawunder Sven 
Published: November 2021

The widely cited frequency code hypothesis attempts to explain a diverse range of communicative phenomena through the acoustic projection of body size. The set of phenomena includes size sound symbolism (using /i/ to signal smallness in words such asteeny), intonational phonology (using rising contours to signal questions) and the indexing of social relations via vocal modulation, such as lowering one's voice pitch to signal dominance. Among other things, the frequency code is commonly interpreted to suggest that polite speech should be universally signalled via high pitch owing to the association of high pitch with small size and submissiveness. We present a cross-cultural meta-analysis of polite speech of 101 speakers from seven different languages. While we find evidence for cross-cultural variation, voice pitch is on average lower when speakers speak politely, contrary to what the frequency code predicts. We interpret our findings in the light of the fact that pitch has a multiplicity of possible communicative meanings. Cultural and contextual variation determines which specific meanings become manifest in a specific interactional context. We use the evidence from our meta-analysis to propose an updated view of the frequency code hypothesis that is based on the existence of many-to-many mappings between speech acoustics and communicative interpretations.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.
Evidence accumulation rate moderates the relationship between enriched environment exposure and age-related response speed declines
Authors: Brosnan Méadhbh B. , O’Neill Megan H. , Loughnane Gerard M. , Pearce Daniel J. , Fleming Bryce , Zhou Shou-Han , Chong Trevor T.-J. , Nobre Anna C. , Connell Redmond G. O , Bellgrove Mark A. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTOlder adults exposed to enriched environments (EE) maintain relatively higher levels of cognitive function, even in the face of compromised markers of brain health. Response speed (RS) is often used as a simple proxy to measure the preservation of global cognitive function in older adults. However, it is unknown which specific selection, decision, and/or motor processes provide the most specific indices of neurocognitive health. Here, using a simple decision task with electroencephalography (EEG), we found that the efficiency with which an individual accumulates sensory evidence was a critical determinant of the extent to which RS was preserved in older adults. Moreover, the mitigating influence of EE on age-related RS declines was most pronounced when evidence accumulation rates were shallowest. These results suggest that the phenomenon of cognitive reserve, whereby high EE individuals can better tolerate suboptimal brain health to facilitate the preservation of cognitive function, is not just applicable to neuroanatomical indicators of brain ageing, but can be observed in markers of neurophysiology. Our results suggest that EEG metrics of evidence accumulation may index neurocognitive vulnerability of the ageing brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTResponse speed in older adults is closely linked with trajectories of cognitive ageing. Here, by recording brain activity while individuals perform a simple computer task, we identify a neural metric which is a critical determinant of response speed. Older adults exposed to greater cognitive and social stimulation throughout a lifetime could maintain faster responding, even when this neural metric was impaired. This work suggests EEG is a useful technique for interrogating how a lifetime of stimulation benefits brain health in ageing.
Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity in the retrosplenial cortex integrates memories across time
Authors: Sehgal Megha , Filho Daniel Almeida , Kastellakis George , Kim Sungsoo , Lee Jinsu , Shen Yang , Huang Shan , Lavi Ayal , Fernandes Giselle , Martin Sunaina Soans , Mejia Irene Davila , Pekcan Asli , Wu Melody Shana , Heo Won Do , Poirazi Panayiota , Trachtenberg Joshua T. , Silva Alcino J. 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYEvents occurring close in time are often linked in memory, providing an episodic timeline and a framework for those memories. Recent studies suggest that memories acquired close in time are encoded by overlapping neuronal ensembles, but the role of dendritic plasticity mechanisms in linking memories is unknown. Using activity-dependent labeling and manipulation approaches, longitudinal one- and two-photon imaging of somatic and dendritic compartments, and computational modeling, we show that memory linking is not only dependent on ensemble overlap in the retrosplenial cortex, but also on branch-specific dendritic allocation mechanisms. The same dendritic segments are preferentially activated by two linked memories, and spine clusters added after each of the two linked memories are allocated to the same dendritic segments. Our results demonstrate a causal mechanistic role for dendritic plasticity in memory integration and reveal a novel set of rules that govern how linked and independent memories are allocated to dendritic compartments.
A retrograde mechanism coordinates memory allocation across brain regions
Authors: Lavi Ayal , Sehgal Megha , Sisan Fardad , Okabe Anna , Ter-Mkrtchyan Donara , Silva Alcino J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMemories engage ensembles of neurons across different brain regions within a memory system. However, it is unclear whether the allocation of a memory to these ensembles is coordinated across brain regions. To address this question, we used CREB expression to bias memory allocation in one brain region, and rabies retrograde tracing to test memory allocation in connected presynaptic neurons in the other brain regions. We find that biasing allocation of CTA memory in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) also biases memory allocation in presynaptic neurons of the insular cortex (IC). By manipulating the allocation of CTA memory to specific neurons in both BLA and IC, we found that we increased their connectivity and enhanced CTA memory performance. These results – which are corroborated by mathematical simulations, and by studies with auditory fear conditioning – demonstrate that a retrograde mechanism coordinates the allocation of memories across different brain regions.
Development and Validation of Subject-Specific 3D Human Head Models Based on a Nonlinear Visco-Hyperelastic Constitutive Framework
Authors: Upadhyay Kshitiz , Alshareef Ahmed , Knutsen Andrew K. , Johnson Curtis L. , Carass Aaron , Bayly Philip V. , Ramesh K.T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComputational models of the human head are promising tools for the study and prediction of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Most available head models are developed using inputs (i.e., head geometry, material properties, and boundary conditions) derived from ex-vivo experiments on cadavers or animals and employ linear viscoelasticity (LVE)-based constitutive models, which leads to high uncertainty and poor accuracy in capturing the nonlinear response of brain tissue under impulsive loading conditions. To resolve these issues, a framework for the development of fully subject-specific 3D human head models is proposed, in which model inputs are derived from the same living human subject using a comprehensive in-vivo brain imaging protocol, and the viscous dissipation-based visco-hyperelastic constitutive modeling framework is employed. Specifically, brain tissue material properties are derived from in-vivo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and full-field strain-response of brain under rapid rotational acceleration is obtained from tagged MRI, which is used for model validation. The constitutive model comprises the Ogden hyperelastic strain energy density and the Upadhyay-Subhash-Spearot viscous dissipation potential. The simulated strain-response is compared with experimental data and with predictions from subject-specific models employing two commonly used LVE-based constitutive models, using a rigorous validation procedure that evaluates agreement in spatial strain distribution, temporal strain evolution, and differences in maximum values of peak and average strain. Results show that the head model developed in this work reasonably captures 3D brain dynamics, and when compared to LVE-based models, provides improvements in the prediction of peak strains and temporal strain evolution.