bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of charged particle multiplicity distributions in DIS at HERA and its implication to entanglement entropy of partons
Authors: Andreev V. , Baghdasaryan A. , Baty A. , Begzsuren K. , Belousov A. , Bolz A. , Boudry V. , Brandt G. , Britzger D. , Buniatyan A. , Bystritskaya L. , Campbell A. J. , Avila K. B. Cantun , Cerny K. , Chekelian V. , Chen Z. , Contreras J. G. , Cvach J. , Dainton J. B. , Daum K. , Deshpande A. , Diaconu C. , Eckerlin G. , Egli S. , Elsen E. , Favart L. , Fedotov A. , Feltesse J. , Fleischer M. , Fomenko A. , Gal C. , Gayler J. , Goerlich L. , Gogitidze N. , Gouzevitch M. , Grab C. , Grebenyuk A. , Greenshaw T. , Grindhammer G. , Haidt D. , Henderson R. C. W. , Hladkỳ J. , Hoffmann D. , Horisberger R. , Hreus T. , Huber F. , Jacquet M. , Janssen X. , Jung A. W. , Jung H. , Kapichine M. , Katzy J. , Kiesling C. , Klein M. , Kleinwort C. , Kogler R. , Kostka P. , Kretzschmar J. , Krücker D. , Krüger K. , Landon M. P. J. , Lange W. , Laycock P. , Lebedev A. , Levonian S. , Lipka K. , List B. , List J. , Li W. , Lobodzinski B. , Malinovski E. , Martyn H.-U. , Maxfield S. J. , Mehta A. , Meyer A. B. , Meyer H. , Meyer J. , Mikocki S. , Mondal M. M. , Morozov A. , Müller K. , Naumann Th. , Newman P. R. , Niebuhr C. , Nowak G. , Olsson J. E. , Ozerov D. , Park S. , Pascaud C. , Patel G. D. , Perez E. , Petrukhin A. , Picuric I. , Pitzl D. , Polifka R. , Radescu V. , Raicevic N. , Ravdandorj T. , Reimer P. , Rizvi E. , Robmann P. , Roosen R. , Rostovtsev A. , Rotaru M. , Sankey D. P. C. , Sauter M. , Sauvan E. , Schmitt S. , Schmookler B. A. , Schoeffel L. , Schöning A. , Sefkow F. , Shushkevich S. , Soloviev Y. , Sopicki P. , South D. , Spaskov V. , Specka A. , Steder M. , Stella B. , Straumann U. , Sykora T. , Thompson P. D. , Traynor D. , Truöl P. , Tseepeldorj B. , Tu Z. , Ullrich T. , Valkárová A. , Vallée C. , Mechelen P. Van , Wegener D. , Wünsch E. , Žáček J. , Zhang J. , Zhang Z. , Žlebčík R. , Zohrabyan H. , Zomer F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCharged particle multiplicity distributions in positron-proton deep inelastic scattering at a centre-of-mass energy $$\sqrt{s}=319$$

s

=
319

GeV are measured. The data are collected with the H1 detector at HERA corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 pb$$^{-1}$$

-
1

. Charged particle multiplicities are measured as a function of photon virtuality $$Q^2$$

Q
2

, inelasticity y and pseudorapidity $$\eta $$
η
in the laboratory and the hadronic centre-of-mass frames. Predictions from different Monte Carlo models are compared to the data. The first and second moments of the multiplicity distributions are determined and the KNO scaling behaviour is investigated. The multiplicity distributions as a function of $$Q^2$$

Q
2

and the Bjorken variable $$x_{\mathrm{bj}}$$

x
bj

are converted to the hadron entropy $$S_{\mathrm{hadron}}$$

S
hadron

, and predictions from a quantum entanglement model are tested.
Modeling the Effects of Crop Rotation and Tillage on Sugarbeet Yield and Soil Nitrate Using RZWQM2
Authors: Anar Mohammad J. , Lin Zhulu , Ma Liwang , Chatterjee Amitava 
Published: March 2021

HighlightsFour crop growth modules in RZWQM2 were calibrated for four sugarbeet rotation sequences.Sugarbeet following wheat had a slightly higher yield (3% to 6.5%).Moldboard plow increased sugarbeet yield by 1% to 2%.The difference in N losses under different crop rotations and tillage operations was negligible.Abstract. Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) is considered to be one of the most viable alternatives to corn for biofuel production as it may be qualified as the feedstock for advanced biofuels (reducing greenhouse gas emission by 50%) under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. Because sugarbeet production is affected by crop rotation and tillage through optimal use of soil water and nutrients, simulation of these effects will help in making proper management decisions. In this study, the CSM-CERES-Beet, CSM-CERES-Maize, CROPSIM-Wheat, and CROPGRO-Soybean models included in the RZWQM2 were calibrated against experimental field data of crop yield, soil water, and soil nitrate from the North Dakota State University Carrington Research Extension Center from 2014 to 2016. The models performed reasonably well in simulating crop yield, soil water, and nitrate (rRMSE = 0.055 to 2.773, d = 0.541 to 0.997). Simulation results identified a non-significant effect of crop rotation on sugarbeet yield, although sugarbeets following wheat resulted in 3% to 6.5% higher yields compared to other crops. Net mineralization and N uptake rates were slightly higher when sugarbeets followed wheat compared to the other crops. Seasonal N and water mass balances also showed lower N and water stresses when sugarbeets followed wheat. The effects of tillage operations on sugarbeet yield were also non-significant. The difference in the N losses to runoff and drainage from the sugarbeet fields under different crop rotations and tillage operations was negligible. As sugarbeet production may be expanded into nontraditional planting areas in the Red River Valley due to potential demand for biofuel production, our findings will help to assess the associated environmental impacts and identify suitable crop rotations and management scenarios in the region. Keywords: Biofuel, Crop rotation, RZWQM2, Sugarbeet, Tillage.
Coronavirus and Effects on the Rule of Law
Authors: Sessa Carmelina 
Published: March 2021

In the management of the Coronavirus Pandemic, law is called to play a synergistic role with the science to guarantee the public order and safety. In the European context Italy is to be examined, i.e. the first state in Europe to launch containment measures of the spread of the virus and to protect public health.
Through a comparative approach, the purpose here is to examine the assumptions and the impact of the emergency legislation on the Italian democratic system. Evaluating within what limits fundamental human rights and freedoms’ compression can be legitimated on a national and international basis in exceptional events allow to analyse the relative reflections on the rule of law. Finally, the discussion focuses on the compatibility of using mass surveillance technologies on the International and European regulatory framework where balancing techniques and the principle of proportionality represent the core in framing the regulatory activity. Despite undoubted short-term benefits, the concern is to safeguard both the protection of personal data and health, in the face of this 'invisible enemy', considering that the link between emergency regulation and prolonged compression of rights in technological innovation requires special attention.
Isoglosses and language change: Evidence of the rise and loss of isoglosses from a comparison of early Greek and early English
Authors: Lavidas Nikolaos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyze the rise and loss of isoglosses in two Indo-European languages, early Greek and early English, which, however, show considerable distance between their structures in many other domains. We follow Keidan’s approach (2013), that has drawn the attention on the fact that the study of isoglosses (i.e., linguistic features common to two or more languages) is connected with common innovations of particular languages after the split into sub-groups of Indo-European: this type of approach aims at collecting isoglosses that appear across the branches of Indo-European. We examine the rise of the isogloss of labile verbs and the loss of the isogloss of the two classes of aspectual verbs in early Greek and early English. Our study shows that the rise of labile verbs in both languages is related to the innovative use of intransitives in causative constructions. On the other hand, the innovations in voice morphology follow different directions in Greek and English and are unrelated to the rise of labile verbs. In contrast to labile verbs, which are still predominant for causative-anticausative constructions in both languages, the two classes of aspectual verbs are lost in the later stages of Greek but are predominant even in Present-day English. Again, a “prerequisite” change for the isogloss can be easily located in a structural ambiguity that is relevant for aspectual verbs in early Greek and early English. However, another independent development, the changes in verbal complementation (the development of infinitival and participial complements) in Greek and English, determined the loss of this isogloss.
Social Support and Psychological Adjustment Among College Adults
Authors: Wesley Rachel , Booker Jordan A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: We were interested in building on previous studies showing the promotive and buffering roles of social support for emerging adults. We tested the associations of multiple domains of social support (i.e., family, friends) with measures of adjustment and adversity.Methods: Across four studies, U.S. college adults reported on domains of social support (family, friends, significant other), psychological adjustment (i.e., life satisfaction, flourishing), and psychological adversity (i.e., recent stress, depressive symptoms). Studies 1 and 4 were cross-sectional, whereas Studies 2 and 3 involved two, monthly survey reports. Study 4 was completed against the backdrop of early COVID-19 disruptions for college adults in the Spring of 2020.Results: In each study, each domain of social support was positively correlated with measures of adjustment and negatively correlated with measures of adversity. Partial correlations indicated that support from friends was incrementally associated with nearly every outcome, whereas support from family was incrementally associated with a majority of outcomes. Multiphase studies supported unidirectional, but not bidirectional, effects from earlier adjustment onto later social support.Discussion: Overall, findings reinforce the importance of social support for young adults and highlight the distinct importance of family and friends. Findings also suggest that a lack of perceived social support may contribute to risks fitting views such as the stress generation theory among emerging adults.
Increased Functional Coupling between VTA and Hippocampus during Rest in First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Gregory David F. , Rothrock Jane M. , Jalbrzikowski Maria , Foran William , Montez David F. , Luna Beatriz , Murty Vishnu P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnimal models suggest that interactions between the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) underlie the onset and etiology of psychosis. While a large body of research has separately characterized alterations in hippocampal and VTA function in psychosis, alterations across the VTA and hippocampus have not been characterized in first-episode psychosis (FEP). As the phase of psychosis most proximal to conversion, studies specifically focused on FEP are valuable to psychosis research. Here, we characterize alterations in VTA-hippocampal interactions across male and female human participants experiencing their first episode of psychosis using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). In comparison to age and sex matched healthy controls (HCs), FEP individuals had significantly greater VTA-hippocampal functional coupling but significantly less VTA-striatal functional coupling. Further, increased VTA-hippocampal functional coupling in FEP correlated with individual differences in psychosis-related symptoms. Together, these findings demonstrate alterations in mesolimbic-hippocampal circuits in FEP and extend prominent animal models of psychosis.
Interneuron Dysfunction in a New Mouse Model of SCN1A GEFS+
Authors: Das Antara , Zhu Bingyao , Xie Yunyao , Zeng Lisha , Pham An T. , Neumann Jonathan C. , Safrina Olga , Benavides Daniel R. , MacGregor Grant R. , Schutte Soleil S. , Hunt Robert F. , O’Dowd Diane K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdvances in genome sequencing have identified over 1300 mutations in theSCN1Asodium channel gene that result in genetic epilepsies. However, it still remains unclear how most individual mutations withinSCN1Aresult in seizures. A previous study has shown that the K1270T (KT) mutation, linked to genetic epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) in humans, causes heat-induced seizure activity associated with a temperature-dependent decrease in GABAergic neuron excitability in aDrosophilaknock-in model. To examine the behavioral and cellular effects of this mutation in mammals, we introduced the equivalent KT mutation into the mouse (Mus musculus)Scn1a(Scn1aKT)gene using CRISPR/Cas9 and generated mutant lines in two widely used genetic backgrounds: C57BL/6NJ and 129X1/SvJ. In both backgrounds, mice homozygous for the KT mutation had spontaneous seizures and died by postnatal day (P)23. There was no difference in mortality of heterozygous KT mice compared with wild-type littermates up to six months old. Heterozygous mutants exhibited heat-induced seizures at ∼42°C, a temperature that did not induce seizures in wild-type littermates. In acute hippocampal slices at permissive temperatures, current-clamp recordings revealed a significantly depolarized shift in action potential threshold and reduced action potential amplitude in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing inhibitory CA1 interneurons inScn1aKT/+mice. There was no change in the firing properties of excitatory CA1 pyramidal neurons. These results suggest that a constitutive decrease in inhibitory interneuron excitability contributes to the seizure phenotype in the mouse model.
Optogenetic manipulation of cellular communication in axolotls
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Denans Nicolas , Liu Yingfei , Zhulyn Olena , Rosenblatt Hannah D. , Wernig Marius , Barna Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cells communicate through long cellular protrusions such as filopodia and neurites. However current approaches to study these contact-based cellular communication are largely limited to actin-depolymerizing drugs or genetic knockout of key actin modifiers which can cause severe cellular stress or semi-lethality in organisms. Here we present a versatile optogenetic toolbox of artificial myosin motors that can move bidirectionally within long cellular extensions and allow for the selective transport of GFP-tagged cargo using light. Importantly, we discover that these long filopodial extensions are also gradually developed during axolotl limb regeneration, where we applied our toolbox to manipulate the composition and dynamics of these cellular extensions.
Undecidability in quantum thermalization
Authors: Shiraishi Naoto , Matsumoto Keiji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The investigation of thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems has a long history, dating back to the time of developing statistical mechanics. Most quantum many-body systems in nature are considered to thermalize, while some never achieve thermal equilibrium. The central problem is to clarify whether a given system thermalizes, which has been addressed previously, but not resolved. Here, we show that this problem is undecidable. The resulting undecidability even applies when the system is restricted to one-dimensional shift-invariant systems with nearest-neighbour interaction, and the initial state is a fixed product state. We construct a family of Hamiltonians encoding dynamics of a reversible universal Turing machine, where the fate of a relaxation process changes considerably depending on whether the Turing machine halts. Our result indicates that there is no general theorem, algorithm, or systematic procedure determining the presence or absence of thermalization in any given Hamiltonian.
Tree Regeneration Characteristics in Limestone Forests of the Cat Ba&nbsp;National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Van Vien , Ammer Christian , Annighöfer Peter , Heinrichs Steffi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Forest regeneration is decisive for future forest development and therefore of major concern to forest ecologists. The ability of overstory tree species to regenerate successfully is important for the preservation of tree species diversity and its associated flora and fauna. This study investigated forest regeneration dynamics in the Cat Ba National Park, a biodiversity hotpot in Vietnam. Data was collected from 90 sample plots and 450 sub-sample plots in the regional limestone forests. We compared species richness between the regeneration and overstory tree layers and examined the effect of environmental factors on the occurrence of regeneration. We developed five ratios to relate overstory and regeneration richness and diversity. Results: We found 97 tree species in the regeneration layer compared to 136 species in the overstory layer. Average regeneration density was 3,764 ± 1,601 per ha. Around 70% of the overstory tree species generated offspring. Of the tree species threatened according to The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species, only 36% were found in the regeneration layer. A principal component analysis provided evidence that the regeneration of tree species was linked to terrain factors (percentage of rock surface, slope) and soil properties (Cation exchange capacity, pH, humus content, soil moisture, soil depth). Contrary to our expectations, the prevailing light conditions (total site factor, gap fraction, openness, indirect site factor, direct site factor) had no influence on regeneration density and composition, probably due to the small gradient in light availability. Conclusion: We conclude that tree species richness in Cat Ba National Park appears to be declining at present. We suggest similar investigations in other biodiversity hotspots to learn whether the observed trend is a global phenomenon. In any case, a conservation strategy for the threatened tree species in the Cat Ba National Park needs to be developed if tree species diversity is to be maintained.
The effect of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of Si/SiO2 composites synthesized by thermal oxidation of silicon wafers
Authors: Kayed Kamal , Kurd Dalal Baba 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, silicon wafers were thermal treated in air at temperatures from 800 to 1200°C. The annealed samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR and optical reflection spectroscopy. Unique result obtained includes that, that Kubelk-Munk curves could be utilized to estimate the ratio of oxidized silicon atoms. In addition, we found that these curves could provide information on the degree to which the nanoparticle formation affects both the reflection spectra and the energy gap of the Si/SiO2 composites. On the other hand, it has been found that, the intensity of the silicon peak in XRD spectra is proportional to the relative absorption coefficient of amorphous silicon oxide.
Slow Released Nano-pesticide Platform Based on Metal Organic Framework for Delivery Avermectin, Cytotoxicity and Insecticidal Propertiesslow Released Nano-pesticide Platform Based on Metal Organic Framework for Delivery Avermectin, Cytotoxicity and Insecticidal Propertiesslow Released Nano-pesticide Platform Based on Metal Organic Framework for Delivery Avermectin, Cytotoxicity and Insecticidal Properties
Authors: Gao Feng , Xu Xiaoyu , Dong Piao , Qin Yixiao , Zhou Chenggang , Qiao Luqin , Liu Huixiang , Chang Zongtao , Liu Yanxue , Su Chenyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Pests affect the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry, and seriously threaten food safety and ecological health, the research for efficient and green control measures never stop. Pesticides are currently the most effective means to control pests and ensure food supplies. However, the various drawbacks of traditional pesticide formulations make the utilization low, and most of active ingredients flow into the air, groundwater and soil, destroying the environment. In this research, a novel nano pesticide formulation was synthesized to improve the utilization, with control release performance and anti-photolysis especially. CuBTC, a metal organic framework (MOF) material, was designed as carrier to absorb avermectin (AVM), a commonly used pesticide in agriculture and forestry, to prepare nano pesticide. Results: The prepared AVM@CuBTC had slow release properties, could be released continuously for about 120 h, and the cumulative release exceed 91.5%, and had a more stable release process under different acid-base conditions. The particle size of AVM@CuBTC was about 450 nm, and the loading efficiency reached 38%. The AVM@CuBTC nano pesticide could protect AVM from photolysis, and the amount of degradation was reduced by 50.7% after 5 d treatment. In addition, the particles AVM@FITC@CuBTC were prepared by labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to research the distribution on larval epidermis, to clarify the coverage, adhesion and permeability of AVM@CuBTC. Finally, the cytotoxicity and contact toxicity of AVM@CuBTC was compared with free AVM, the cytotoxicity and contact toxicity increased by 42.4% and 39.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity and contact toxicity of AVM are the key factors for the control of pests. Applying AVM@CuBTC to the prevention and control of agricultural and forestry pests is of great significance to the reduction of pesticides and environmental friendliness.
Cardiovascular System Interactions With The Local Earth Magnetic Field Fluctuations: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ziubryte Greta , Jarusevicius Gediminas , Landauskas Mantas , Ragulskis Minvydas , McCraty Rollin , Vainoras Alfonsas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Geomagnetic storms strongly affect the human cardiovascular system, misbalancing adaptive mechanisms and causing severe adaptive stress responses at all levels of body regulation. Most physiological changes occur after a defined period following geomagnetic climate alterations, this ‘delay period’ lasts for 2-3 days. Methods: In total, 4730 patients admitted between 2015 and 2017 due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute onset of arrhythmias have been included into the study.Results: Higher time varying magnetic field (TVMF) activity in low frequency ranges is associated with lower number of admissions due to ACS, while higher TVMF activity in high frequency ranges is associated with increased risk for ACS occurrence. The greater TVMF activity in low frequency ranges is associated with higher rates of admission due to cardiac arrhythmias. Additional ACS analysis showed that red blood cell count decreases with increased MF strength in low frequency ranges, while white blood cells and platelets count increases in the same MF frequency ranges. The highest serum osteocalcin level was found 3 days after certain MF strength changes in low frequency ranges in patients with ACS. Strong correlations were found between more than 2 cases of AMI per day and MF strength changes 2- and 3- days before admission. Conclusions: Earth’s local magnetic field is strongly related on human cardiovascular system metabolism and neural regulation. Increased Magnetic field activity in low frequency ranges is associated with heart metabolism and may induce better cardiovascular health, while increased magnetic field activity in high frequency ranges leads to heart problems especially to occurrence of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension.