bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonspreading Solutions and Patch Formation in An Integro-Difference Model With a Strong Allee Effect and Overcompensation
Authors: Otto Garrett , Fagan William , Li Bingtuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Previous work involving integro-difference equations of a single species in a homogenous environment has emphasized spreading behaviour in unbounded habitats. We show that under suitable conditions, a simple scalar integro-difference equation incorporating a strong Allee effect and overcompensation can produce solutions where the population persists in an essentially bounded domain without spread despite the homogeneity of the environment. These solutions are robust in that they occupy a region of full measure in the parameter space. We develop bifurcation diagrams showing various patterns of nonspreading solutions from stable equilibria, period two, to chaos. We show that from a relatively uniform initial density with small stochastic perturbations a population consisting of multiple isolated patches can emerge. In ecological terms this work suggests a novel endogenous mechanism for the creation of patch boundaries.AMS subject classification. 92D40, 92D25
A Comparison of in-house and Shared Rapidplan Models for Prostate Radiation Therapy Planning
Authors: Mackonis Elizabeth Ruth Claridge , Sykes Jonathan , Hardcastle Nicholas , Espinoza Anthony , Brown Alison , Perez Gino , Evans Bridgitte , Sheehan Hayden , Haworth Annette 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PurposeKnowledge-based planning (KBP) can increase plan quality, consistency and efficiency. In this study, we assess the success of a using a publicly available KBP model compared with developing an in-house model for prostate cancer radiotherapy using a single, commercially available treatment planning system based on the ability of the model to achieve the centre’s planning goals. Methods and MaterialsTwo radiation oncology centres each created a prostate cancer KBP model using the Eclipse RapidPlan software. These two models and a third publicly-available, shared model were tested at three centres in a retrospective planning study. Results The publicly-available model achieved lower rectum doses than the other two models. However, the planning-target-volume (PTV) doses did not meet the local planning goals and the model could not be adjusted to correct this. As a result, the plans most likely to satisfy local planning goals and requirements were created using an in-house model. For centres without an existing in-house model, a model created by another centre with similar planning goals was found to be preferred. ConclusionsVariations in local planning practices including contouring, treatment technique and planning goals can influence the relative performance of KBP. The value of publicly available KBP models could be enhanced through standardisation of planning goals and contouring guidelines, providing information related to the planning goals used to create the model and increased flexibility to allow local adaptation of the KBP model.
Isolation And Culture of Rat Intestinal Mucosal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Using Immunomagnetic Beads And Their Marker Expression
Authors: Wu Yanmei , Wang Zhaoli , Hu Ge , Zhang Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) have been an important tool in many research fields, while their purification remained challenging. This study aimed to establish a method for isolating rat intestinal mucosal MVECs using immunomagnetic beads, and characterize their proliferation ability and marker expression. Rat jejunum mucosas were scraped and digested by collagenase type II to obtain primary cell culture by the differential adhesion method. Magnetic beads were coated with anti-CD31 antibodies and incubated with the single-cell suspension of the primary cell culture. The CD31+ cells were separated using an automatic magnetic separation system, and their proliferation ability were assayed at different passages. The expression of factor VIII (FVIII), CD31, and CD34 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results indicated that rat intestinal mucosal MVECs grew into a contact-inhibited cobblestone-like monolayer after about 6 days, whose proliferation ability had no significant decline at passage 20. Three markers were generally expressed in the cells, and the fluorescence intensity of FVIII was higher after magnetic separation than before, and those of CD31 and CD34 remained similar. In conclusion, highly pure MVECs can be isolated from the primary cell culture of rat intestinal mucosas using magnetic beads coated with anti-CD31 antibodies, and magnetic separation may influence the expression of FVIII.
Linking emotional valence and anxiety in a mouse insula-amygdala circuit
Authors: Nicolas Céline , Ju Anes , Wu Yifan , Eldirdiri Hazim , Delcasso Sebastien , Jacky Débora , Supiot Laura , Fornari Claudia , Vérité Adrien , Masson Maxime , Rodriguez-Rozada Silvia , Wiegert J. Simon , Beyeler Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The response of the insular cortex (IC) and amygdala to stimuli of positive and negative valence were found to be altered in patients with anxiety disorders. However, the coding properties of neurons controlling anxiety and valence remain unknown. Combining photometry recordings and chemogenetics in mice, we uncover the anxiogenic control of projection neurons in the anterior IC (aIC), independently of their projection target. Using viral tracing and ex vivo electrophysiology, we characterize the monosynaptic aIC to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) connection, and employed projection-specific optogenetics, to reveal anxiogenic properties of aIC-BLA neurons in anxiety-related behaviors. Finally, using photometry recordings, we identified that aIC-BLA neurons are active in anxiogenic spaces, and in response to aversive stimuli. Together, these findings show that negative valence, as well as anxiety-related information and behaviors, are encoded by aICBLA glutamatergic neurons, providing a starting point to understand how alterations of this pathway contribute to psychiatric disorders.
ST-PCNN: Spatio-Temporal Physics-Coupled Neural Networks for Dynamics Forecasting
Authors: Huang Yu , Li James , Shi Min , Zhuang Hanqi , Tang Yufei , Zhu Xingquan , VanZwieten James , Chérubin Laurent 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ocean current, fluid mechanics, and many other physical systems with spatio-temporal dynamics are essential components of the universe. One key characteristic of such systems is that they can be represented by certain physics laws, such as ordinary/partial differential equations (ODEs/PDEs), irrespective of time or location. Physics-informed machine learning has recently emerged to learn physics from data for accurate prediction, but they often lack a mechanism to leverage localized spatial and temporal correlation or rely on hard-coded physics parameters. In this paper, we advocate a physics-coupled neural network model to learn parameters governing the physics of the system, and further couple the learned physics to assist the learning of recurring dynamics. Here a spatio-temporal physics-coupled neural network (ST-PCNN) model is proposed to achieve three goals: (1) learning the underlying physics parameters, (2) transition of local information between spatio-temporal regions, and (3) forecasting future values for the dynamical system. The physics-coupled learning ensures that the proposed model can be tremendously improved by using learned physics parameters, and can achieve useful long-range forecasting (e.g., more than two weeks). Experiments using simulated wave propagation and field-collected ocean current data validate that ST-PCNN outperforms typical deep learning models and existing physics-informed models.
Promoting evidence-based clinical practice for women in abortion situations after the implementation of a surveillance network: a situational analysis in a Brazilian university hospital
Authors: Veiga-Junior Nelio N. , Eugeni Caroline , Kajiura Beatriz D. , Dantas Priscilla B. F. , Trabach Caroline B. , Junqueira Aline A. , Nunes Carina C. , Baccaro Luiz F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and medical abortion (MA) can be used to treat women with abortion complications and the choice of the evacuation method is essential for the safe management of abortion.
Objective

to evaluate the frequency of use of MVA and MA and investigate the associated factors after the installation of a surveillance network of good practices (MUSA Network) in a university hospital in Brazil.
Methods

A cross-sectional study of women admitted for abortion at UNICAMP Women’s Hospital, Brazil, between July 2017 and November 2020. The dependent variables were the rates of MVA and MA. The independent variables were clinical and sociodemographic data. The Cochran-Armitage test, chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.
Results

474 women were included. Most women (91.35%) had undergone uterine evacuation: uterine curettage (78.75%), MVA (9.46%) and MA (11.54%). We observed a significant tendency toward an increase in the use of MVA (Z = 9.85; P <0.001). Factors independently associated with performance of MVA were admission in 2020 (OR 64.22; 95% CI 3.79–1086.69) and lower gestational age (OR 0.837; 95% CI 0.724–0.967). The only factor independently associated with MA was a higher level of education (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.30-5.46).
Conclusion

the use of MVA increased after the installation of a surveillance network for good clinical practices. Being part of networks that encourage the use of evidence-based practices is an opportunity for health facilities to increase access to safe abortions.
Grain Growth Control of ZnO-V2O5-Cr2O3 Based Varistors by PrMnO3 Addition
Authors: Cai Chankun , Shi Yu , Xie Manyi , Xue Ke , Xu Maofeng , Wu Yanlong , Peng Jun , An Shengli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, the grain growth behaviour of ZnO+V2O5(1 mol%)+Cr2O3(0.35 mol%)-based ceramics with 0.25–0.75 mol% additions of PrMnO3 was systematically investigated during sintering from 850°C to 925°C with the aim to control the ZnO grain size for their application as varistors. It was found that with the increased addition of PrMnO3, not only did the average grain size decrease, but the grain size distribution also narrowed and eventually changed from a bimodal to unimodal distribution after a 0.75 mol% PrMnO3 addition. The grain growth control was achieved by a pinning effect of the secondary ZnCr2O4 and PrVO4 phases at the ZnO grain boundaries. The apparent activation energy of the ZnO grain growth in these ceramics was found to increase with increased additions of PrVO4; hence, the observed reduction in the ZnO grain sizes.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Gender Differences in Quality of Life Domains in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Hamoy-Jimenez Geohana , Elahmar Hadiya , Mendoza Meg , Kim Raymond , Bril Vera , Barnett Carolina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background. There is limited data regarding gender differences in quality of life between women and men with Neurofibromatosis type 1. We aimed to study differences in quality of life domains between women and men with Neurofibromatosis type 1 living in Canada.Methods: This is a cross sectional study of adults with Neurofibromatosis type 1 attending a tertiary NF centre at Toronto General Hospital between January 2016 to December 2017. Demographic and clinical data were collected. We compared scores of generic measures (SF-36, EQ-5D-5L, pain interference) and a disease-specific measure (PedsQL-NF1 module) between women and men. We also assessed the relationship between disease visibility scored by an examiner (Ablon’s visibility index) and self-reported perceived physical appearance, stratified by gender.Results. One hundred and sixty-two participants were enrolled, 92 females and 70 males. Ablon’s index score 1 was in 43% and score 2 in 44%, while only 13% of patients had a score 3. Women had worse scores on the total PedsQL-NF1 scales, and also in the perceived physical appearance, anxiety and emotional health domains. In women, there was a significant association between Ablon’s index and perceived physical appearance, with lower scores with increments in Ablon’s class (ANOVA p<0.001). In men, there was no difference in self-reported physical appearance by Ablon’s index. There were no differences between men and women in the SF-36 or EQ-5D-5L scores.Conclusion. Women with NF1 reported worse NF1-related quality of life than men, with worse perceived physical appearance, anxiety, and mental health. Perceived physical appearance did not always correlate to disease visibility; therefore, healthcare providers should inquire about body image, physical appearance concerns, and mental health, especially among women with NF1.
Response of Human Glioblastoma Cells to Hyperthermia: Cellular Apoptosis and Molecular Events
Authors: Hashemi Mansoureh , abbasiazam Aida , Oraee-Yazdani Saeed , Lenzer Janice 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) also categorized as a grade IV astrocytoma, is an aggressive brain tumor which invades the surrounding brain tissue. Hyperthermia is known to be effective for chemo-radiotherapy to sensitize cancer cells to radiation as a treatment option for patients with GBM. The current study was performed in order to assess and compare the properties of the astrocyte and cancer stem cells isolated from glioblastoma exposed to hyperthermia. Astrocytes and cancer stem cells were isolated from human glioblastoma tissue. Glioblastoma tissues were digested and cultured in culture medium supplemented with B27, basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor. The morphology and specific markers were evaluated in astrocyte and cancer stem cell of human glioblastoma through immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The multipotentiality of cancer stem cells was presented using differentiation potential into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. For hyperthermia, cells were exposed to temperatures at 42‑46˚C for 1h using a water bath. Cell survival rate by MTT assay and apoptosis using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blot were evaluated. Results demonstrated that there were two morphology types in cell culture including epithelioid morphology and fibroblastic morphology. Astrocytes were confirmed via expression of the Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein; whereas, cancer stem cells (CSCs) were round and floating in the culture medium. Immunocytochemical staining indicated that nestin, CD133 and SRY-box 2 (SOX2) antigens were positively expressed in primary neurospheres. Results indicated that cancer stem cells of glioblastoma are multipotent and are able to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. The current study obtained evidence via apoptosis evaluation that CSCs are resistant to hyperthermia when compared to astrocytes isolated from glioblastoma. Furthermore, hyperthermia was demonstrated to decrease cell resistance, which may be effective for chemo-radiotherapy to sensitize cancer cells to radiation. Taken together, CSCs of glioblastoma could be used as a powerful tool for evaluating the tumorigenesis process in the brain and developing novel therapies for treatment of GBM.
Preferable Outcome of Janus Kinase Inhibitors For a Group of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: From The FIRST Registry
Authors: Ochi Sae , Sonomoto Koshiro , Nakayamada Shingo , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds：Treatment of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T-RA) is one of the greatest unmet needs in rheumatology. This study aims to find out preferable treatment option for a group of D2T-RA patient who are refractory to multiple biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs).Methods: Data were obtained from patients enrolled in the FIRST registry who started either TNF-inhibitor (TNFi), interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 immunoglobulin, or Janus-kinase inhibitor (JAKi) in the period of August 2013 - December 2020. Those who failed to ≥2 and ≥3 b/tsDMARDs were categorised as D2T-RA and very D2T-RA (vD2T-RA), respectively. Change in clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and health assessment questionnaire disability index were compered among groups using propensity-based inverse-probability treatment weighted (IPTW) method. Results: Of 2,128cases included, 353 were categorised as D2T-RA. Among the D2T-RA, 106 were identified as vD2T-RA. JAKi showed significant improvement in CDAI in the patients with D2T-RA and vD2T-RA, compared to IPTW-adjusted patients treated with the other 3 regimens. Latent class analysis of the trajectories of treatment response revealed that the proportion of a group of patients who showed poor response was lower among JAKi subgroup than those with other subgroups. This superiority of JAKi was more apparent among in methotrexate- and glucocorticoid-free individuals. Hazard ratio of severe adverse events were comparable among the four treatment subgroups in both the D2T-RA and b/tsDMARD-naïve groups.Conclusions: This study compared responsiveness to different classes of b/tsDMARDs among D2T-RA and vD2T-RA patients who were refractory to multiple b/tsDMARDs. The results suggest JAKi is a preferable treatment choice for this type of D2T-RA.
Histone H2AX Promotes Metastatic Progression by Preserving Glycolysis via Hexokinase-2
Authors: Liu Yue , Li Haojian , Wilson Crystal , Bai Hui Jen , Boufraqech Myriem , Weyemi Urbain 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Genomic stability is essential for organismal development, cellular homeostasis, and survival. The DNA double-strand breaks are particularly deleterious, creating an environment prone to cellular transformation and oncogenic activation. The histone variant H2AX is an essential component of the nucleosome responsible for initiating the early steps of the DNA repair process. H2AX maintains genomic stability by initiating a signaling cascade that collectively functions to promote DNA double-strand breaks repair. Recent advances have linked genomic stability to energetic metabolism, and alterations in metabolism were found to interfere with genome maintenance. Utilizing genome-wide transcripts profiling to identify differentially-expressed genes involved in energetic metabolism, we compared control and H2AX-deficient metastatic breast cancer cell lines, and found that H2AX loss leads to the repression of key genes regulating glycolysis, with a prominent effect on hexokinase-2 (HK2). These observations are substantiated by evidence that H2AX loss compromises glycolysis, effect which was reversed by ectopic expression of HK2. Utilizing models of experimental metastasis, we found that H2AX silencing halts progression of metastatic breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Most interestingly, ectopic expression of HK2 in H2AX-deficient cells restores their metastatic potential. Using multiple publicly available datasets, we found a significantly strong positive correlation between H2AX expression levels in patients with invasive breast cancer, and levels of glycolysis genes, particularly HK2. These observations are consistent with the evidence that high H2AX expression is associated with shorther distant metastasis-free survival. Our findings reveal a role for histone H2AX in controlling the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells via maintenance of HK2-driven glycolysis.
Characterization of a Rare Mosaic Unbalanced Translocation of t(3;12) in a Patient With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Hu Xiaolin , Baker Elizabeth K , Johnson Jodie , Balow Stephanie , Pena Loren D.M. , Conlin Laura K. , Guan Qiaoning , Smolarek Teresa A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Unbalanced translocations may be de novo or inherited from one parent carrying the balanced form and are usually present in all cells. Mosaic unbalanced translocations are extremely rare with a highly variable phenotype depending on the tissue distribution and level of mosaicism. Mosaicism for structural chromosomal abnormalities is clinically challenging for diagnosis and counseling due to the limitation of technical platforms and complex mechanisms, respectively. Here we report a case with a tremendously rare maternally-derived mosaic unbalanced translocation of t(3;12), and we illustrate the unreported complicated mechanism using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromosome analyses.
Case Presentation:
An 18-year-old female with a history of microcephaly, pervasive developmental disorder, intellectual disability, sensory integration disorder, gastroparesis, and hypotonia presented to our genetics clinic. She had negative karyotype by parental report but no other genetic testing performed previously. SNP microarray analysis revealed a complex genotype including 8.4 Mb terminal mosaic duplication on chromosome 3 (3p26.3->3p26.1) with the distal 5.7 Mb involving two parental haplotypes and the proximal 2.7 Mb involving three parental haplotypes, and a 6.1 Mb terminal mosaic deletion on chromosome 12 (12p13.33->12p13.31) with no evidence for a second haplotype. Adjacent to the mosaic deletion is an interstitial mosaic copy-neutral region of homozygosity (1.9 Mb, 12p13.31). The mother of this individual was confirmed by chromosome analysis and FISH that she carries a balanced translocation, t(3;12)(p26.1;p13.31).
Conclusion
Taken together, the proband, when at the stage of a zygote, likely carried the derivative chromosome 12 from this translocation, and a postzygotic mitotic recombination event occurred between the normal paternal chromosome 12 and maternal derivative chromosome 12 to “correct” the partial 3p trisomy and partial deletion of 12p. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a mechanism utilizing a combined cytogenetic and cytogenomic approach, and we believe it expands our knowledge of mosaic structural chromosomal disorders and provides new insight into clinical management and genetic counseling.
Channel morphology and prediction of mid-line channel migration in the reach of Ganga River using GIS and ARIMA modeling during 1975–2020
Authors: Verma Rajnish Kumar , Ashwini Kumar , Singh Ajai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe dynamic nature of meandering poses several challenges in a river. The river Ganga shows severe bank erosion in many of its stretches which creates insecurity to the habitats. In the present study, channel morphology and lateral mid-line migration for 1975 to 2020 in 5 years intervals have been studied. The prediction of lateral mid-line migration from 2020 to 2050 by using multi-temporal Landsat satellite images was made by using the ARIMA model. The river reach was divided into 8 bends and 48 cross-sections were identified. The channel length was observed as 224.35 km in 1975 which reduces to 199.96 km in 2020. A decreasing trend was observed for the mean of channel length and meander ratio, and an increasing trend was noted in the mean of sinuosity ratio and tortuosity ratio. A total of 11 cross-sections showed the rightward shifting and 36 cross-sections showed the leftward shifting. Observed and predicted values showed a good R2 value of 0.90 and 0.89 at CS-24 and CS-25, respectively. The results may be used for planning and management of various river training work and understanding the river system dynamics.