bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Magnetic Mno, Co and Ni Nanoparticle by Oleylamie and Oleic Acid
Authors: he wencai , Qi Yifang , Erugu Uppalaiah , Moore Jaiden , Zhu Xianchun , Han Fengxiang , Tang Jinke , Dai Qilin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Magnetic MnO, Co, CoO, and Ni nanoparticles are synthesized by thermal decomposition of metal 2,4-pentanedionates in the presence of oleylamine (OLA), oleic acid (OA), and 1-octadecene (ODE). Similar experimental conditions are used to prepare nanoparticles except for the metal starting materials (manganese 2,4-pentanedionate, nickel 2,4-pentanedionate, and cobalt 2,4-pentanedionate). MnO nanoparticles are always obtained as the reaction is controlled with different temperatures, precursor concentrations, ligand ratios, and reaction time. Only three experimental conditions can produce pure phase CoO and Co nanoparticles. The same three experimental conditions lead to the production of pure phase Ni nanoparticles. Other experimental conditions produce mixture phase nanomaterials. The nanoparticle sizes increase with the increase of reaction temperatures. The influence of reaction precursor concentrations on the sizes of the nanoparticles is also studied. The ratio of ligand OLA to OA is used to control the reaction in terms of nanoparticle sizes. It is observed that the reaction time affects nanoparticle growth. The nanoparticles are studied by XRD, TEM, and magnetic measurements. This work presents a facile method to prepare nanoparticles with different sizes, which provides a fundamental understanding of nanoparticle growth in solution.
Sintering Mechanism and Enhanced Piezoelectric and Crystal Structural Properties of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Lead Free Ceramics
Authors: Oh Yoo-Young , Koh Jung-Hyuk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As an lead-free piezoelectric ceramic of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3(here after (1-x)BZT-xBCT) has been investigated for functional devices applications. To employ as piezoelectric functional devices applications, lead-free materials with high piezoelectric charge coefficient and voltage coefficient can be indispensable for industrial applications. Piezoelectric ceramic specimens tend to shrink their size in the sintering process without melting. We focused on this phenomenon as a unique characteristic of piezoelectric ceramic materials and derived activation energy from this phenomenon using Arrhenius equation. Then associate this activation energy with piezoelectric and crystalline properties varied by sintering temperature and chemical stoichiometric composition. Piezoelectric properties can be changed depending on the sintering temperature and process conditions. (1-x)BZT-xBCT ceramics showed the highest piezoelectric coefficient of 470 pC/N. Crystalline properties and piezoelectric properties can be influenced by the sintering temperature and holding times. In this research, sintering temperature dependent structural and dielectric properties were investigated. Sintering temperature dependent shrinkage rate and activation energy were estimated and calculated for the various sintering process. In this research, two different activation energies for the shrinkage process were estimated
Microstructural Regulation, Oxidation Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC Composites Prepared By Chemical Vapor Infiltration With Precursor Infiltration Pyrolysis
Authors: LYU Yang , DU Baihe , CHEN Guiqing , ZHAO Guangdong , CHENG Yuan , ZHOU Shanbao , LV Qingrong , ZHANG Xinghong , Han W.B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To further improve the oxidation resistance of PDC (Polymer Derived Ceramic) composites in harsh environments, Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites were prepared by CVI (Chemical Vapor Infiltration) and PIP (Precursor Impregnation Pyrolysis) methods. The weight retention change, mechanical properties, and microstructure of Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC before and after oxidation in air were studied in detail. Microscopic analysis showed that only the interface between the ceramic and fibers were oxidized to some extent and hafnium had been enriched on the composite surface, after oxidation at different oxidation environments. After Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites oxidized at 1500 ℃ for 60 min, it was mainly determined by the HfO2 and HfSiO4 phase. Moreover, the weight retention ratio and compressive strength of the Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites are 83.97 % and 23.88 ± 3.11 MPa, respectively. It indicates that the Cf/SiC/SiHfBOC composites can be used for a long time in the oxidation environment at 1500 ℃.
Insight For The Construction of R-T Phase Boundary in KNN Piezoceramics From The View of Energy Band Structure
Authors: Wang Xingcheng , Meng Cheng , Wang Y.Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The crystal structures and associated energy band structures of classic lead-based PZT (PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3) and lead-free KNN (K0.5Na0.5NbO3) piezoelectric ceramics prepared by a solid-state method are systematically studied based on the First-principles calculations. For better understanding relations between energy band structures and the phase structures in the PZT and KNN, the components PT (PbTiO3)/PZ (PbZrO3) and KN (KNbO3)/NN (NaNbO3) are also calculated. The results suggest that the vital contribution to R-T morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in PZT comes from the hybridization of A-site and B-site ions, which causes stretching and tilting of oxygen octahedron and therefore leads to the formation of R and T phases. The KNN behaves differently. Moreover, it’s concluded that the band structure highly inherited from tetragonal PT plays an important role in the construction of the R-T phase boundary according to the comparison of PZT and KNN. In general, the work inspires an idea from the view of energy band structure to realize R-T phase coexistence as well as improved piezoelectric properties in KNN-based lead-free piezoceramics.
Co-Precipitation Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of NASICON-Type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Yao Zhongran , Zhu K.J. , Zhu Kongjun , Zhang Jie , Li Xia , Chen Jiatao , Wang Jing , Yan Kang , Liu Jinsong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
NASICON-type solid-state electrolytes have gathered wide attention to meet the requirements of high-energy-density batteries. In this study, Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) were synthesized through co-precipitation method. The composition, phase transformation, microstructure and particle size of LATP powder were characterized in detail. Pure LATP without any detectable secondary phases can be obtained at 800 ℃ with size about 590 nm. The relatively dense surface microstructure for LATP ceramics was clearly observed. In addition, the ionic conductivities of LATP pellets increased at first and then decreased with the increased sintering temperature and time. Owing to the highest relative density (95.6%), LATP (sintered at 900 ℃ for 6h, LATP-9006) exhibited a highest total conductivity of 2.19×10− 4 S/cm with a low activation energy of 0.32 eV. The results suggest that co-precipitation synthesized LATP-9006 ceramic electrolyte could be a promising alternative towards achieve a safe solid-state battery. Moreover, the co-precipitation method is suitable for the preparation of other oxide ceramic electrolytes.
Effects of The Odors of Japanese Citrus Iyokan (Citrus Iyo) and Yuzu (Citrus Junos) on Human Mood and Physiology
Authors: Ohata Motoko , Zhou Lanxi , Ando Shiori , Kaneko Shu , Yada Yukihiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The effects of the odors of natural essential oils on humans are divided into psychological and physiological effects, such as alertness and sedative effects, respectively. However, there are only a few studies on the effects of essential oils derived from materials specific to Japan. In this study, we focused on Japanese citrus fruits and determined the effects of essential oil aromas on human physiology and psychology.Methods: A total of 16 men and 16 women (aged, 20–24 years) participated in this study. Essential oils of the Japanese citrus iyokan (Citrus iyo) and yuzu (Citrus junos) were used as tests with the essential oils of Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Valencia) used for comparison. Each essential oil was soaked in cotton and placed at the bottom of a vial and presented to the participant’s nose in a blind manner. The control was to breathe clean air for 2 min; the condition that inhaled the vapor of each essential oil for 2 min was compared to the control. Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated using the pupillary light reflex and fingertip temperature measurements; central nervous activity was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. The mood and emotion changes before and after inhalation of each odor of the essential oils were examined using a visual analog scale and multiple mood scales.Results: The inhalation of essential oils from Japanese citrus fruits significantly increased miosis rate and fingertip temperature. Cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal area significantly increased. Subjectively, the feeling of fatigue was reduced, and the feeling of refreshment and concentration improved.Conclusions: Predominance of parasympathetic nerve activity was led by suppression of sympathetic nerve activity, suggesting that inhalation of essential oils from Japanese citrus fruits has a sedative effect on the body. Conversely, the cerebrum was activated due to an increase in cerebral blood flow. The reduction of fatigue and improvement of concentration observed in the subjective evaluation might be caused by the sedative effect on the body and the activation of the cerebrum.Trial registration: The trial registration number (TRN) is UMIN-CTR, UMIN000032773 and date of registration is May 30, 2018 (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000037389).
Use of Detrital-zircon U–Pb age-distribution Comparison to Infer Source Location
Authors: Wang Jialin , Wu Chaodong , Jiao Yue , Yuan Bo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Provenance analysis for volcanism without field evidence remains a major challenge. Detrital zircon grains from 13 samples of the Middle–Upper Triassic Xiaoquangou Group in the Southern Junggar Basin (SJB) were analyzed using U–Pb geochronology to constrain the location and characteristics of Triassic volcanism in the area as well as to understand its tectonic implications. A comparison of the distribution of detrital zircon U–Pb ages reveals Triassic zircon ages predominate in northern Bogda Mountains, with subordinate contributions also in southern Bogda Mountains, and no or minimal input in North Tianshan piedmont. The geochronology data combined with the euhedral and angular zircon grains suggest that the Triassic zircons probably originate from Bogda Mountains. A comparative provenance analysis reveals varied sources for Xiaoquangou Group in the SJB, with sediments of the Bogda Mountains area derived mainly from North Tianshan, Central Tianshan, and Bogda Mountains. The supply of sediments from Bogda Mountains started in the Late Triassic, and is indicative of the initial uplift of Bogda Mountains. This study proves the effectiveness of the comparison of detrital zircon U–Pb age distributions for inferring source characteristics and is applicable in similar situations, particularly when the source area is poorly preserved.
Total saponins from Oplopanax elatus Nakai: An optimization study of the extraction process using response surface methodology and its psychopharmacological activities
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhang Hui , Bian Hongsheng , Meng Yonghai , Wang Zhibin , Guan Tong , Yang Yue , Huang Lili , Li Tingli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Oplopanax elatus Nakai is an ancient angiosperm plant member. It belongs to the Araliaceae family and has biological activities similar to those of Panax ginseng. However, the psychopharmacological effects of O. elatus Nakai have not been characterized. Thus, in the present study, we determined the optimal process for extracting total saponins and then screened the psychopharmacological activities of O. elatus Nakai extract (ONE).Methods: A three-level Box-Behnken design with 3 variables was used to evaluate the treatment variables that influenced the total saponin content (TSC) extracted from O. elatus Nakai. ONE was orally administered to mice and drosophila to evaluate its psychomotor, sedative-hypnotic, anti-stress, and anxiolytic effects.Results: The optimal variables for ethanol extraction were 60 min, 70% ethanol, 30 g/mL and 80 °C, and the total saponin yield reached 18.06±0.17%. Treatment with ONE extended cold swimming endurance time, reduced anxiety-like behaviour, decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, prolonged sleep duration, and ameliorated the sleep-wake rhythm. The ginseng extract (GE) is characterized by low-dose excitation and high-dose inhibition of the central nervous system.Conclusion: Some of the properties of ONE and GE were not identical, but ONE has potentially psychopharmacological activities.
Iranian veterans’ health in published researches: a scientometric study
Authors: Salehi-Marzijarani Mohammad , Arabkheradmand Jalil , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Zakeri Mohammadreza , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The wars have several indirect effects on societies. The injured people, veterans, usually need lengthy care, often at great cost. Moreover, caring processes would get more complicated with aging. Therefore, several investigations have to be carried out in order to achieve an appropriate conception of planning the healthcare systems in Iran. The first step is to review the relevant studies on the veterans’ health. Method: On 31 December 2020, through a systematized search in the Scopus, as the largest abstract and citation database of peer reviewed publications, all published articles about veterans affiliated with at least an Iranian researcher as author were retrieved. Full records of retrieved articles, including, author name and affiliation, journal name, citation number, cited references, and keywords, were exported to a file. After data cleaning, the file was used for network analysis using the VOSviewer version 1.6.15.Results: A total of 276 articles, about the Iranian veterans, were published. 31 articles of Iranian had received at least 31 to maximum 217 citation(H-index = 31). Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were respectively the most productive and cited university of Iran. The three major topics of researches about Iranian veterans’ health were psychological outcome, chemical warfare and mustard gas, and PTSD.Conclusion: However, published research about veterans’ health by Iranian research is growing in recent decade, number of publication is low and the topics studied is limited.
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Effect on Postoperative Complications in Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Chen , Yu Dingye , Hong Liwen , Zhang Tianyu , Liu Hua , Fan Rong , Wang Lei , Zhong Jie , Wang Zhengting 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor of outcomes for various diseases, but reports on sarcopenia in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are few. We aim to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and assess the role of sarcopenia in postoperative complications in patients with CD at a tertiary referral center.Methods: Patients who underwent intestinal surgery for CD from January 2013 to October 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. The L3 skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was used to identify sarcopenia. Demographic data, preoperative laboratory data, surgical details, and hospital outcomes were recorded. The factors associated with postoperative complications were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: One hundred and twenty-four patients were enrolled. Thirty-four of them (27.4%), including 11 males, were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Compared with patients without sarcopenia, sarcopenic patients had a significantly lower BMI (P<0.001); lower preoperative serum albumin (P=0.006), pro-albumin (P=0.030), and hemoglobin levels (P<0.001); longer hospital stay (34.4±26.8 days vs. 22.8±15.6 days, P=0.003); and more occurrences of complications (41.2% vs. 23.3%, P=0.049). The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 28.2%. Infection (51.4%) and intestinal fistula (22.9%) were the most common among such complications. Through the multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was identified as an independent risk factor for major postoperative complications (odds ratio=3.974, 95% CI=1.171–13.489, P=0.027).Conclusion: Sarcopenia is common in patients with CD requiring bowel resection, and it significantly increases the risk of major postoperative complications.
Abdominal Traumatic Injuries Patterns in Military Casualties
Authors: Khoshmohabat Hadi , Nosrati Sohrab , Rasouli Hamid Reza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Mortality and morbidity after abdominal trauma are important problems in military casualties. This study aimed to assess the patterns of abdominal traumatic injuries in military personals.Methods: The cross-sectional study assessed the data of 111 cases. All military casualties that referred at hospital from May 2014 to June 2017 were included. The morbidity and mortality rate of patients was analyzed by SPSS-20 software.Results: The most common damaged organ was the small intestine (43 cases of small bowel repair with AIS = 2) while the most severely damaged organ was the Spleen (4 cases of AIS = 6). The most damaged organ was the small intestine with ICD10 =S36.4 (64 cases) and the few damaged organ was bladder injury with ICD10 = S37.2 (8 cases). There was a statistically significant relationship between the trauma mechanism, injuries accompanying the abdominal trauma, and the final outcomes of the patients (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the most damages were associated with the small intestine in the umbilical region and most treatments were delivered as laparotomy surgery.
Ownership, utilization, and motivations for use or non-use of bed nets among community members at risk of malaria along the Thai-Myanmar border
Authors: Pooseesod Kasama , Parker Daniel M. , Meemon Natthani , Lawpoolsri Saranath , Singhasivanon Pratap , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Cui Liwang , PHUANUKOONNON SUPARAT 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
With the goal for malaria elimination in Thailand set for 2024, increased coverage and utilization of bed net, especially insecticide-treated net (ITN) or long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) is a key strategy. This study aims to provide the necessary information about bed net ownership and utilization among the population at risk of malaria living along the Thai-Myanmar border in Tak province.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a mixed-method approach in 331 households from 5 hamlets in the villages of the Thai-Myanmar border. The research tools included a questionnaire, bed net inspection, and semi-structured interviews. Log-binomial regression was used to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with bed net utilization. The qualitative analysis employed a thematic analysis approach.
Results
This survey found that 98.5% of households had at least one bed net per household, and 74.3% had at least one ITN/LLIN. However, only 30.8% of households reached the standard policy set by the Minister of Public Health of one ITN/LLINs per two persons. Most residents used bed net (92.1% used in the previous night and 80.9% used every day). For those using bed nets, however, 61.9% used ITNs or LLINs the night before and 53.1% used them every day. Nonetheless, the usage rates of bed nets (any type) in the previous night among children and pregnant women were high, reaching 95.3% and 90.0%, respectively. Three explanatory variables including “not stay overnight in the forest”, “preference of free bed nets”, and “sufficient numbers of bed nets to cover all sleeping spaces”, showed statistically significant association with bed net use every day. The major reasons for the regular use of bed nets in both household and the forest were to prevent mosquito biting. The reasons for not using bednets in the household were discomfort feelings from heat, perception of unnecessity due to low mosquito density, whereas the reason for not using bednets in the forest was inconvenience.
Conclusion
Despite that overall coverage and usage of bed nets was high, only one third reached the standard level specified by the policy. Overnight in the forest, the dissatisfaction with the quality of free bed nets, insufficient number of bed nets, discomfort from heat, perception of no benefits of bed nets due to low mosquito density, and inconvenience were factors influencing bed net use. Maintaining high coverage and utility rate of bed nets should be a priority for the malaria high-risk population.
Inter-comparison of the Impact of INSAT-3D Atmospheric Motion Vectors in 3DVAR and Hybrid Ensemble-3DVAR Data Assimilation Systems during Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Gogoi Rekha Bharali , M Govindan Kutty , Borgohain Arup 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The impact of observations may depend on various factors such as background error covariance in the data assimilation (DA) system. The present study compares the impact of INSAT-3D Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV) observations in traditional three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) DA system and hybrid Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF)-3DVAR DA system (HYBRID) available in Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) modeling system. The objective of the study is to understand how the impact of INSAT-3D AMV observations differ when assimilated using 3DVAR and HYBRID DA systems. The DA experiments are conducted over a ~ 4 week period of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall of July 2016. Four sets of experiments are performed with and without INSAT-3D AMV in both the DA systems. The domain-wide verification with respect to radiosonde observations reveals that forecasts in HYBRID experiments are more accurate than 3DVAR experiments, in general. Geographical distribution depicts the positive impacts of INSAT-3D AMV observations across the domain in both 3DVAR and HYBRID DA systems. The AMV observations show a larger relative impact in HYBRID than in 3DVAR. The relative improvement in HYBRID with AMV DA compared to 3DVAR is 77% and 71% for wind and tropical temperature. The skill scores for quantitative evaluation of precipitation forecast indicate a modest improvement in rainfall for HYBRID run and incorporating the AMV observation do not considerably enhance the skill of 24 h and 48 h rainfall forecast.