bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Reduces Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Huang Yuhui , Chen Lei , Cai Jing , Yang Lu , Sun Si , Zhao Jing , Xiong Zhoufang , Wang Zehua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigated whether carboplatin-paclitaxel neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) benefits patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) through avoiding or delaying postoperative radiation.Methods: Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO 2009) stage IB2-IIA2 who received carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy followed by radical surgery (NACT group) or received primary radical surgery (PRS group) between 2007 and 2017 at our hospital were included. Their clinicopathological characteristics, treatments and follow-up data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The clinical outcomes, including adjuvant radiation, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), were compared between the groups.Results: There were 197 and 217 patients included in the NACT group and PRS group, respectively. The baseline characteristics were significantly different between the groups, with more patients with more advanced tumor stages and larger tumor sizes in the NACT group. Postoperative pathology examination revealed lower incidences of deep stromal invasion in the NACT group than in the PRS group. More importantly, the cumulative postoperative radiation rate was significantly lower in the NACT group (P = 0.041), while the differences in 5-year OS and PFS were not statistically significant between the groups.Conclusions: NACT reduces the pathological risk factors and adjuvant radiation without compromising survival in patients with LACC, which may protect younger patients from radiation-related side effects and subsequently improve the quality of life.
Effect of The “Normalized Epidemic Prevention And Control Requirements” On Hospital-Acquired And Community-Acquired Infections In China
Authors: Chen Caiyun , Zhu Ping , Zhang Yongxiang , Liu Bo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: No studies have yet reported the effect of prevention and control measures, which were implemented to combat COVID-19, on the prevention and control of common HAIs. We aimed to examine the effect of the “Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control Requirements” (implemented in May 2020) by comparison of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-acquired infections (CAIs) in China during 2018, 2019, and 2020.Methods: Data of inpatients before and after implementation of new requirements were retrospectively analyzed, including infection rate, use of alcohol-based hand cleaner, anatomical sites of infections, pathogen species, infection by multi-drug-resistant species, use of different antibiotics, and antibiotic use density. Results: The HAI rate was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019 (P<0.05), and the CAI rate was significantly higher in 2019 and 2020 than in 2018 (P<0.001). Lower respiratory tract infections were the most common HAI during all years, with no significant changes over time. Lower respiratory tract infections were also the most common CAI, but were significantly more common in 2018 and 2019 than 2020 (P<0.001). There were no changes in upper respiratory tract infections among HAIs or CAIs. Most HAIs and CAIs were from Gram-negative bacteria, and the percentages of fungal infections were greater in 2019 and 2020 than 2018. MRSA infections were more common in 2020 than in 2018 and 2019 (P<0.05). The utilization rate and usage days of antibiotics decreased over time (P<0.001), the culture rate of microbial specimens before antibiotics usage increased over time (P<0.001), but antibiotic use density remained steady over time. Conclusions: The new prevention and control requirements provided important benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their effects on HAIs were not obvious.
Nursing Practicum Equity for a Changing Nurse Student Demographic: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Andrew Lesley , Dare Julie , Robinson Ken , Costello Leesa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:The nursing practicum (clinical practice) is an essential but often highly stressful aspect of the nursing degree. A review of the published literature reveals a strong focus on the stressors that originate within the practicum environment, rather than the student’s life outside the university and practice setting. This article reports on an Australian study, completed before the COVID-19 pandemic, of the university experiences of undergraduate women nurse students with family responsibilities. The findings reveal the importance of factors outside the university on the women students’ practicum experience and their ability to engage and achieve.Methods:The study was qualitative, guided by Gadamer’s hermeneutic philosophy. Twenty-nine women students with family responsibilities (partners and children) were interviewed at two stages of their degree journey. Over 50 hours of data were thematically analysed.Findings:The themes ‘family pressure’ and ‘practicum poverty’ describe the impact of domestic work, family finances and practicum organisation on student stress, wellbeing, achievement, thoughts of attrition, and family tension. These findings are particularly pertinent to Australia and other developed nations where the nurse student demographic continues to age. An interpretation of these findings against the recent impact of COVID-19 on nurse education and women’s life choices reveals the likelihood that these difficulties have intensified for women students with family responsibilities since the pandemic began.Conclusions and Recommendations:Many developed nations, including Australia, are increasingly reliant on older women nurse students to maintain the future graduate nursing workforce. This change in nurse student demographic to the mature-age student requires a revision of the organisation of the nursing practicum. Recommendations to nurse education to improve practicum accessibility for women students who have family responsibilities include the application of a flexible and collaborative approach to practicum organisation and communication. Wider recommendations to Government include a revision of the way the nursing student is financially supported during the practicum. Further research that explores the practicum experience for women nurse students during and following the COVID-19 pandemic is also recommended.
Objective Reduction in Many-Objective Optimization with Social Spider Algorithm for Cloud Detection in Satellite Images
Authors: Gupta Rachana , Nanda Satyasai Jagannath 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An important difficulty with multi-objective algorithms to analyze many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) is the visualization of large dimensional Pareto front. This article has alleviated this issue by utilizing objective reduction approach in order to remove non-conflicting objectives from original objective set. The present work proposed formulation of objective reduction technique with multi-objective social spider optimization (MOSSO) algorithm to provide decision regarding conflict objectives and generate approximate Pareto front of non-dominated solutions. A comprehensive analysis of objective reduction approach is carried out with existingmulti-objective methods on many-objective DTLZ and WFG test suite which highlight the superiority of proposed technique. Further, the performance of proposed approach is evaluated on satellite images to detect cloudy region against various types of earth’s surfaces. The performance of proposed approach is compared against existing benchmark many-objective algorithm, NSGA-III in order to evaluate the potential of proposed method in clustering application. It is observed that obtained clustering results using reduced objective set of MOSSO algorithm provides almost equivalent accuracy with results obtained using NSGA-III with many-objective set.
The Impact of the Private Sector Co-Payment Mechanism (PSCM) on the Private Market for ACTs in Nigeria: Results of the 2018 Cross-sectional Outlet and Household Market Surveys.
Authors: Edwards Hannah M. , Sarwar Rubaiyath , Mahmud Parvez , Emmanuel Shekarau , Maxwell Kolawole , Tibenderana James K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe private sector plays a large role in malaria treatment provision in Nigeria. To improve access to, and affordability of, quality-assured artemisinin combination therapies (QA-ACTs) within this sector, the Affordable Medicines Facility - Malaria began operations in 2010 and transitioned to a private sector co-payment mechanism (PSCM) until 2017. To assess the impact of the scheme on the ACT market, cross-sectional household and outlet surveys were conducted in 2018 to coincide with the final stockages of ACTs procured under the PSCM. MethodsAn outlet survey was conducted targeting private pharmacies and Proprietary and Patent Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) across different regions of Nigeria to assess supply-side market factors related to availability and cost of antimalarials, including ACTs subsidised under the PSCM (called green leaf ACTs on account of their green leaf logo) and those not subsidised (non-green leaf ACTs). A concurrent household survey was conducted to determine demand-side factors related to treatment seeking practices, ACT brand preference and purchase decision. Data were compared with previous ACTWatch surveys to consider change over time.ResultsAvailability of ACTs increased significantly over the PSCM period and was almost universal by the time of the 2018 market survey. This increase was seen particularly among PPMVs. While the cost of green leaf ACTs remained relatively stable over time, the cost of non-green leaf ACTs reduced significantly so that by 2018 they had equivalent affordability. Unsubsidised brands were also available in different formulations and dosages, with double-strength ACTs reported as the most frequently purchased dosage type, and child ACTs popular in suspension and dispersible forms (forms not subsidised by the PSCM).ConclusionsThe PSCM had a clear impact on increasing not only the reach of subsidised QA brands, but also of non-subsidised brands. Increased market competition led to innovation from unsubsidised brands and large reductions in costs to make them competitive with subsidised brands. Concerns are drawn from the large market share that non-QA brands have managed to gain as well as the continued market share of oral artemisinin monotherapies. Continued monitoring of the market is recommended, along with improved local capacity for QA-certification and monitoring.
Use of Novel Lab-Assays to Examine the Effect of Pyrethroid-Treated Bed Nets on Blood Feeding Success and Longevity of Highly Insecticide-Resistant Anopheles Gambiae S.I. Mosquitoes.
Authors: Barreaux Priscille , Koella Jacob C. , N’Guessan Raphael , Thomas Matthew B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: There is a pressing need to improve understanding of how insecticide resistance affects the functional performance of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs). Standard WHO insecticide resistance monitoring assays are designed for resistance surveillance and do not necessarily provide insight into how different frequencies, mechanisms or intensities of resistance affect the ability of ITNs to reduce malaria transmission. Methods: The current study presents some novel laboratory-based assays that attempt to better simulate realistic exposure of mosquitoes to ITNs and to quantify impact of exposure not only on instantaneous mortality, but also blood feeding and longevity, two traits that are central to transmission. The assays evaluated the performance of a standard ITN (Permanet® 2.0), a ‘next generation’ combination ITN that includes a resistance breaking synergist (Permanet® 3.0), and an untreated net (UTN), against field-derived Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes from Côte d’Ivoire exhibiting 1500-fold pyrethroid resistance. Results: The study revealed that a standard ITN induced negligible instantaneous mortality against the resistant mosquitoes, whereas the resistance breaking net caused high mortality and a reduction in blood feeding. However, the ITNs still impacted long term survival relative to the UTN. The impact on longevity depended on feeding status, with blood-fed mosquitoes living longer than unfed mosquitoes following ITN exposure. The ITNs also reduced the blood feeding success, the time spent on the net, and blood-feeding duration, relative to the untreated net. Conclusion: Thus, while the standard ITN did not have as substantial instantaneous impact as the resistance breaking net, it still had significant impacts on traits important for transmission. These results highlight the benefit of improved bioefficacy assays that allow for realistic exposure and consider sub- or pre-lethal effects to help assess the functional significance of insecticide resistance.
Generative Adversarial Networks Based Cognitive Feedback Analytics System for Integrated Cyber-Physical System and Industrial Iot Networks
Authors: Upreti Kamal , Syed Mohammad Haider , Alam Mohammad Shabbir , Alhudhaif Adi , Shuaib Mohammed , Sharma A K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the modern era of technologies, the internet grows in the advancement of our day-to-day life like automation devices. The devices to set up industries with integrated cyber-physical systems and industrial IoT applications. Generative adversarial networks (GAN) can generate Cognitive feedback analysis with various data for both generator and discriminator in a supervised model. Neural networks are used for artificial intelligence algorithms, but in adversarial networks, feedback analytics is analyzed with the significance of data. The modern age of intelligent manufacturing will indeed be ushered in by Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). However, because of the connections between the virtual and physical worlds, CPPS would be subject to cross-domain assaults. Against Denial-of-Service (DoS) threats, this paper concentrates on complex performance feedback management of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). To begin, a swapping system modelling approach for the complex response feedback CPS is provided by analyzing the distinct effects of DoS assaults on the sensor-controller (S-C) and controller-to-actuator (C-A) channels, accordingly. Given the difference in bandwidth between the dual channels and the accused's energy cap, it is reasonable to conclude that an offender can only jam a single communication stream at a point and also that the possible number of successive DoS attacks is limited. Second, using a packet-based transfer scheme, a nested switching paradigm is built on the foundation of the switching mechanism, considering both the spatial heterogeneity and the temporal durability of DoS attacks. The probability of discriminator gets analyzed feedback data to check whether actual data or fake data is sampled, and it is generated. Cognitive feedback supports genetic algorithms to sample the feedback data in a system for advanced technologies.
Malignancies in Immunoglobulin G4-Related Ophthalmic Disease
Authors: LAI Kenneth K.H. , Li Emmy Y.M. , Chan Regine Y.C. , Wong Kenneth C.W. , Yu Jimmy K.S. , Cheuk W , Hui Y. H. , Cheng Andy C.O. , Chin Joyce K.Y. , Ip S. K. , Chan W. H. , Kwok Jeremy S.W. , Lam W. C. , Io Ida Y. F. , Mak Theresa S.T. , Li Kenneth K.W. , Lam N. M. , Yip Wilson W. K. , Young Alvin L. , Chan Edwin , Ko Callie K.L. , Ko Simon T. C. , Yuen Hunter K.L. , Tham Clement C.Y. , Pang Chi Pui , Chong Kelvin K. L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Clinical phenotypes in Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) according to the affected organs affected have different risks of malignancies. We attempt to determine the association of malignances with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Review of medical records, orbital images and histopathology reports in a territory-wide cohort of patients fulfilling the “probable” or “definite” comprehensive diagnostic criteria of IgG4-RD from 2005-2019. Findings: Among 122 patients who had biopsies taken from adnexal lesions including lacrimal glands (n=108), orbital mass (n=30), infiltrated orbital fat (n=10), conjunctiva (n=2) or extraocular muscles (n=3), 16 (13%) developed malignancies over 73±48months’ follow-up. There were 9 cases of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and 7 extra-orbital malignancies. Compared with the general population, the incidence of OAL was significantly higher (standardized incidence ratios, SIRs=10.0, 95%CI=4.5-17.6) while that of extraorbital malignancy was similar. The SIR was highest within the first year (SIR=46.7, 95%CI=18.5-87.6) when 7 OAL were concomitantly diagnosed. Patients who developed OAL or extra-orbital malignancies were older than other patients when diagnosed of IgG4-ROD (64.9±7.1, 68.3±8.5 versus 55.2±15.0 years, p<0.05). Asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement (78% versus 13%), lack of frontal (0% versus 12%) or infraorbital nerve enlargement (0% versus 36%)were associated with OAL (all p<0.05). Pre-treatment serum IgG4 level or pattern of extraorbital involvement was similar among patients with or without malignancies. Conclusion: In this biopsy-proven IgG4-ROD cohort, 7% developed OAL which was 10 times higher than the general population. Patients with asymmetric lacrimal gland enlargement or without trigeminal nerves involvement radiologically were associated with OAL.
Applicability of the Linearized Poisson-Boltzmann Theory to Contact Angle problems and Application to the Carbon Dioxide-Brine-Solid Systems
Authors: Amadu Mumuni , Midanoye Adango 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In colloidal science and bioelectrostatics, the linear Poisson Boltzmann Equation (LPBE) has been used extensively for the calculation of potential and surface charge density. Its fundamental assumption rests on the premises of low surface potential. In the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers, very low pH conditions coupled with adsorption induced reduction of surface charge density result in low pH conditions that fit into the LPB theory. In this work, the Gouy-Chapman model of the electrical double layer has been employed in addition to the LPBE theory to develop a contact angle model that is a second-degree polynomial in pH. Our model contains the point of zero charge pH of solid surface. To render the model applicable to heterogeneous surfaces, we have further developed a model for the effective value of the point of zero charge pH. The point of zero charge pH model when integrated into our model enabled us to determine the point of zero charge pH of sandstone, quartz and mica using literature based experimental data. In this regard, a literature based thermodynamic model was used to calculate carbon dioxide solubility and pH of aqueous solution. Values of point of zero charge pH determined in this paper agree with reported ones. The novelty of our work stems from the fact that we have used the LPB theory in the context of interfacial science completely different from the classical approach, where the focus is on interparticle electrostatics involving colloidal stabilization.
Evaluation of TP53 Expression and Mutations among Hematological Malignancies Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhatabi Heba , Yasin Elrashed B. , Alserihi Raed , Felimban Raed , Elaimi Aisha , Alharbi Lina , Shaabad Manal , Ahmed Hameeda , Alameer Abdulrahman M , Mathkoor Abdullah Ebraheem , Alqahtani Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tumor protein 53 (TP53) is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer which located on the short arm of chromosome 17. In hematological malignancies, the prevalence of TP53 mutations is low compared to other tumors but associated with a complex karyotype, poor prognosis, and poor response to chemotherapy. However, no data on the prevalence and prognostic value of TP53 mutations and the significance of TP53 deletion among hematological malignancies in Saudi patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and prognostic significance of TP53 mutations in different hematological malignancies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 20 samples from different hematological malignancies were tested using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) and targeted panel for TP53 deletion using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and TP53 mutations. Based on the application of the FISH technique, 6 out of 20 patients showed a deletion in TP53 majority of them were Acute lymphoplastic leukemia (ALL), and the deletion was prominent in a child compared to an adult. Furthermore, the result of next-generation sequencing on 10 selected samples showed that 1 out of 10 samples had a heterozygous mutation at codon 175 (exon 5) of the TP53 gene, replacing histidine with arginine (H175R). Also, there were 90 other mutations detected on 13 genes that were sequenced besides TP53. None of the other gene mutations showed any clinical impact or association with TP53 except for two mutations in two different genes; ASXL1 (K1368T) and SETBP1 (V231L). Despite the small size of this study, the identified mutations are considered variants with unknown significance and need further validation and investigation on a larger cohort to determine the pathogenicity of these abnormalities. This study recommends further analysis of genomic mutations, utilizing high throughput technologies, associated with hematological malignancies in Saudi populations.
Hospital Efficiency Measurement in the West of Iran: Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit Approach
Authors: Nayer Mohamad Yousefi , Fazaeli Aliakbar , Hamidi Yadollah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective

The optimal hospital performance and optimal use of resources are among the goals of healthcare policymakers. This study aimed to assess the association between hospital size and hospital area population with technical efficiency in public hospitals .
Methods

In this descriptive-analytical study, the statistical population consisted of 15 public hospitals in the west of Iran. First, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used to evaluate technical efficiency. Data inputs included staff and beds, and data outputs consisted of the number of surgeries, the number of patients, and the average length of stay. Then, according to the public ownership of all hospitals, their educational and therapeutic activities, as well as their size and population were considered as the environmental factor affecting efficiency. Thus, Tobit regression was applied to measure their effects on efficiency.
Results

The average technical efficiency of the studied hospitals, the average management efficiency, and the average efficiency of the scale were 0.933, 0.951, and 0.977, respectively. Out of the total evaluated hospitals, six and nine hospitals had an efficiency of less than one and one, respectively. Moreover, the size of the hospital and the population as the environment variable were significant in the Tobit model. Our regression demonstrated that although the size of the hospital is positively associated with its technical efficiency, the hospital population negatively affects hospital efficiency.
Conclusion

According to the size and area population of the hospitals, they decrease their inputs to maximize their efficacy by optimizing their surplus amounts. It would be possible for policy-makers to examine the least efficient hospitals to correct widespread inefficiency.