bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التوكل التوكل على الله تعالى في القران الكريم
Authors: جار النبي د .سناء عبدالله محمد 
Published: July 2021

الحمد لله رب العالمين مدبر الملك والملكوت الذي بيده مقاليد السماوات والأرض, قال تعالى في محكم تنزيله]ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَاعْبُدُوهُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَكِيلٌ [([1]),أحمده تعالى وأستعينه وأستغفره وأتوكل عليه، وكفى به عليما بصيرا، وأشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له إليه الملتجأ وعليه التوكل، وكان الله على كل شيء قديرا, وأشهد أن سيدنا محمداً عبده ورسوله إمام المتوكلين اتقى الله فوقاه، وتوكل عليه فكفاه، واعتمد عليه فأيده بنصره وآواهrوعلى آله وأصحابه الذين توكلوا على مدبر أمرهم ومالك ناصيتهم، فأحاطهم بعونه في الحياة ونعيمه بعد الممات، أولئك هم المفلحون.
ان من اعظم مقامات العبودية لله تعالى صدق التوكل عليه , فالتوكل عبادة تقوم في قلب المؤمن, وهو عصب الدين وركنه العظيم , وهو من أجل أعمال القلوب التي عليها مدار صلاح العبد في الدنيا قبل الآخرة ,ومن أرفع درجات الإيمان , وأحد مباني توحيد الالوهية كما يدل على ذلك قوله تعالى]فَاعْبُدْهُ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَيْهِ وَمَارَبُّكَ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ[([2]) انه تعلق بالله جل وعلا , وتفويض الامر له سبحانه , وبراءة النفس من الحول والقوة الا بربها سبحانه وتعالى,وهو عبادة قلبية محضة يجب إفرادها لله تعالى وحده، ولا يجوز التوكل على غير الله تعالى لأن من توكل على غير الله تعالى فقد أشرك , وقد جعل سبحانه التوكل شرطا في صحة الإيمان , قال تعالى ] وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِين[ ([3]), فالتوكل على الله سبحانه وتعالى أمر مطلوب شرعا, وجزء من عقيدة المسلم قال تعالى]وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْر فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَوَكِّلِينَ [([4]).وهو اثر من اثار الايمان وخلق ارشد اليه القرآن الكريم, وهو مطلوب في كل حال, فالذي يؤمن بان الله سبحانه وتعالى بيده تصاريف الحياة, وبيده النفع والضر يكون حكيما في تصرفه مطيعا لله تعالى , ومتبعا لهدي نبيه محمدr.

[1] - سورة الانعام اية : [102] .
[2]- سورة هوداية : [123] .
[3]-سورة المائدة اية : [23] .
[4] - سورة آل عمران اية : [159].
الإلحاد ( مفهومه , اسبابه , الموقف منه ) دراسة تطبيقية
Authors: الفالح د. ابتسام بنت عبدالرحمن 
Published: July 2021

الإلحاد هو انحراف كبير عن الصراط المستقيم الذي فطر الله عليه الإنسان؛ وهو بجانب ذلك يعد جانبال مظلما ومخوفا حيث لا طمأنينة معه ولا سلام أيضا ولأن السلام ينبثق من المحبة، والمحبة تنبثق من الإيمان ,والحرب تلدها البغضاء، والبغضاء سليلة الكفر والإلحاد, إذن لا أمل للإنسانية في سلام ونجاة , وللكفر والإلحاد في الأرض دولة وسلطان.
إن خلاص الإنسانية الحقيقي أن تجد سبيلاً إلى الايمان ؛ الذي تنبثق منه محبة خالصة منزهة وسلام, وليست المحبة والسلام في الإلحاد كما يزعم الملحدون , فإن الإلحاد في حقيقته حقد جاحد مخلوق متكبر على الخالق المنعم ,فكيف يُعطى قلب خلا من الإيمان جاحد بموجده، حاقد على ربه , محبة صادقة نقية وسلام نابع من نفس مطمئنة متوافقة مع فطرتها التي فطرها خالقها عليها ؟ لأنه لايجتمع نقاء المحبة وأسود الحقد في قلب واحد .
Hamann on Creation and the Limits of Reason
Authors: Cabitac Jason Exar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent scholarship on Johann Georg Hamann has tended to focus on his relation to modernity, specifically the Enlightenment. His critique of rationalism, the obscurity of his style, and his pronounced influence on later figures are just several reasons for reconsidering his historical and literary significance. However, his writings also contain rich and relevant philosophical and theological ideas. This article demonstrates the centrality of Hamann’s concept of creation for both his critique of rationalism as well as his ideas regarding aesthetics. Hamann understands nature as the book of creation. Human sensuousness, as an emergent feature of nature, indicates an intrinsic relationality underlying nature. By way of the senses, human beings discover themselves to be entangled with God through nature. Reason rejects this relationality when it seeks to purify itself from nature or the senses. In contrast, reason that is oriented to this fundamental relationality recognizes the beauty and friendliness that permeates nature. This recognition is an invitation whereby one is called to perpetuate these aesthetic ideals in the world.
Implementasi Metode Fuzzy Logic Pada Intensitas Lampu di Laboratorium Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Hafiz Afdal Al 
Published: July 2021

Lampu adalah sumber penerangan yang digunakan pada saat kondisi ruangan gelap. Penerangan ruangan berpengaruh terhadap penglihatan manusia dalam mengenali objek tertentu. Sebenarnya penggunaan lampu otomatis sudah diterapkan pada beberapa tempat atau lokasi, namun penggunaanya belum terlalu efektif. Maka dari itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengatur nyala dan padamnya lampu serta mengotomatisasi intensitas lampu yang dapat menyesuaikan kebutuhan gelap terangnya sesuai dengan keadaan ruangan. Pada penelitian ini, sistem diterapkan menggunakan sensor PIR sebagai pendeteksi objek manusia dan sensor LDR sebagai pendeteksi intensitas cahaya di luar ruangan. Pengendali yang digunakan adalah Arduino uno yang berfungsi sebagai pemproses sinyal masukan dari sensor dengan algoritma logika Fuzzy yang kemudian menghasilkan keluaran yang dapat mengatur intensitas lampu. Hasil dari pengujian terhadap metode ini adalah Intensitas cahaya yang dihasilkan dari nyala lampu LED berbaur dengan cahaya dari luar sehingga menghasilkan cahaya ruang. kinerja dari Alat Kendali Penerangan laboratorium dengan Logika Fuzzy Berbasis Arduino uno telah bekerja dengan baik, sistem dapat membaca intensitas cahaya di luar ruangan laboratorium kemudian diolah oleh arduino uno dengan algoritma pemrograman Logika Fuzzy selanjutnya diperoleh output dari Logika Fuzzy yang berupa pengaturan tegangan menggunakan teknik PWM sehingga dapat mengatur cahaya yang dikeluarkan oleh lampu LED.
Een nieuwe impuls aan het begrip ‘publiekrechtelijke instelling’: een aanbestedingsplicht voor nationale sportbonden?
Authors: Bozkurt L. , Heystee T. 
Published: July 2021

Een nieuwe impuls aan het begrip ‘publiekrechtelijke instelling’: een aanbestedingsplicht voor nationale sportbonden?
Prejudiciële beslissing over de aanbestedingsrechtelijke kwalificatie van de Italiaanse voetbalbond. Een marktpartij meent dat de Italiaanse voetbalbond kwalificeert als een aanbestedende dienst in de zin van de Aanbestedingsrichtlijn en daarom opdrachten via een aanbesteding dient te vergeven. Het Hof van Justitie benoemt in zijn beslissing de relevante criteria om te oordelen of sprake is van een publiekrechtelijke instelling, te weten: de instelling (1) is opgericht met het specifieke doel te voorzien in andere behoeften van algemeen belang dan die van industriële en commerciële aard, (2) bezit rechtspersoonlijkheid en (3) vertoont overheidsafhankelijkheid. Het Hof van Justitie geeft de Italiaanse feitenrechter handvatten om te onderzoeken of voldaan is aan het derde vereiste, en meer specifiek of sprake is van overheidstoezicht op het beheer van de voetbalbond.HvJ 3 februari 2021, gevoegde zaken C-155/19 en C-156/19, ECLI:EU:C:2021:88 (Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC)).
Professional Ethics for Judges – Lessons Learned from the Past. Dialogue as Didactics to Develop Moral Leadership for Judges
Authors: Brenninkmeijer Alex , Bish Didel 
Published: July 2021

Professional Ethics for Judges – Lessons Learned from the Past. Dialogue as Didactics to Develop Moral Leadership for Judges Special Issue on Education in (Professional) Legal Ethics, Emanuel van Dongen & Jet Tigchelaar (eds.)
There is an intimate link between good conduct by judges and the rule of law. The quintessence of their role is that judges shape a trustworthy and fair legal system from case to case. Ethical trading is not carved in granite, and judges must determine their course on different levels. First, it concerns personal conduct and requires integrity and reliability. On the second level, the challenge is to achieve proper adjudication by conducting a fair trial in accordance with professional standards. Third, judges exercise discretion, in which normative considerations run the risk of becoming political. They should act independently as one of the players in the trias politica. A triptych of past cases illustrate moral dilemmas judges may encounter in their profession. Calibrating the ethical compass is not an abstract or academic exercise. A dialogue at the micro (internal), meso (deliberation in chambers) and macro levels (court in constitutional framework) could be incorporated in the legal reasoning as a didactic framework to make future judges aware of their ethical challenges.
Reducing Pollution of Stabilized Landfill Leachate by Mixing of Coagulants and Flocculants: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kastali Mlika , Mouhir Latifa , Madinzi Abdelaziz , Taleb Abdeslam , Anouzla Abdelkader , Souabi Salah 
Published: July 2021

The physico-chemical process of coagulation-flocculation is very efficient and economical for the treatment of leachate. The latter can have considerable impacts on the environment. The leachate from the landfill of the city of Mohammedia is characterized by a high COD content which varies between 2200 and 2700 mg/l, a total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration varying from 1080 to 1405 mg/l while the ammonium content has a concentration varying between 587 and 1410 mg/l. Organic matter is not readily biodegradable (BOD5/COD: 0.2 to 0.13). Metal concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 4.2 mg/l for Cr, 40 to 5 mg/l for Cd, and 0.3 to 0.8 mg/l for lead. For monitoring the leachate treatment, several coagulants and flocculants were used (FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, Alginate, cationic flocculants, anionic flocculants). In parallel with the monitoring of the physicochemical parameters we followed the production of the volume of the settled sludge over time. Treatment with all coagulants and flocculants used is pH dependent. Ferric Chloride has been shown to be effective at a pH of 6.5 while for Aluminum Sulfate the optimum pH is 5.3. The results showed that coagulation-flocculation by Ferric Chloride and Aluminum Sulfate is very effective in reducing turbidity. This reduction reaches 95 and 98% respectively for FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3, while the reduction in COD for the two coagulants is around 60%. Organic flocculants alone do not lead to a significant reduction in turbidity and COD, while their combination with coagulants marks a good reduction in pollution. Hydrated iron hydroxides precipitate more easily than flocs formed by aluminum, resulting in more efficient removal of pollutants than that obtained at lower pH values. The order of introduction strongly influences the coagulation flocculation. The optimal doses of the various coagulants and flocculants chosen for the study vary from one reagent to another. FeCl3 remains the most suitable coagulant to further eliminate organic and metal pollution. The cost associated with the treatment using flocculants remains much higher when the flocculant is used in admixture with a coagulant.
Synergistic Effect of Coconut Water and Garlic Tincture on Lipids and Oxidative Profile of Albino Rats Treated with High Fat Diet and Alcohol
Authors: Brown Holy , Tamuno-Emine Davies G. , Sweeten Omuruka 
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study evaluated the combined effect of coconut water and garlic tincture on lipid and antioxidants profile of albino rats fed with high fat diet and alcohol.
Study Design: This study is a non-randomized experimental study design.
Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the study was done between 20th November, 2018-30th June 2019.
Methodology: A total number of 45 Wister albino rats were used with the weight ranged from 120-200 grams. The animals were grouped into two major groups, the control Group A and the test Group B. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture into heparinized bottle for standard laboratory investigation of lipid profile, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehide (MDA). Plasma SOD and MDA were determined using ELISA methods, TAC was determined using FRAP Colorimetric method while lipid profile were determined using enzymatic method.
Results: The results revealed that, alcohol induced oxidative stress group exhibited significant differences in MDA levels amongst the groups, and no significance differences in SOD and TAC levels as compared with negative control groups. There were significant differences in the Total Cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels, amongst the groups. However, these changes appear to improve with coconut water and garlic tincture treatment. Treatment with coconut water alone following 30% alcohol treatment, showed a significant decrease in MDA level, no significant increase in SOD and TAC. Similar observation was recorded for the garlic tincture treatment alone. Treatment with low dose of combined coconut water with garlic tincture following 30% alcohol treatment, shows significant decrease in MDA level, significant increase in SOD, no significant increase in TAC. Treatment with low and higher doses of combined coconut water with garlic tincture following HFD treatment showed similar results, no significant decrease in TG levels, a significant decrease in MDA, TC and LDL levels, a significant increase in TAC and HDL levels and no significant increase in SOD. However, no difference was observed at higher dose. Histological findings revealed changes in hepatocellular architecture, such as inflammatory cell aggregates, dilation of sinosidal space, fatty droplet after treatment with alcohol and high fat diet. However, upon garlic tincture and coconut water treatment, there was amelioration of these abnormalities.
Conclusion: The mixture of coconut water and garlic tincture seem to exerted an antioxidant and antiatherogenic effect on alcohol-induced oxidative stress and HFD-induced dyslipidaemia in rats.
Investigation of Ecosystem Goods and Services Flows from Land: A Commentary on Experience from Watersheds in Iran
Authors: Ariapour Ali , Squires Victor R. 
Published: July 2021

This paper is about the experience gained in field studies in four provinces in semi-arid Iran. We focus on assessing the flow of ecological goods and services (EG&S) in uplands that are the watersheds. The paper is in three parts. Firstly, we describe the geography, demography and climate to provide a setting for the work but we also seek to provide an explanation of the context for the case studies that form the bulk of this paper. In the second part we elaborate on the nature of the EG&S and discuss inter alia the use of indicators by which we gauge the flow rates of EG&S from the land and also briefly discuss the implications for introducing payments for ecosystem services (PES). Mention is made of the internationally-funded MENARID (Middle East and North Africa Regional Program for Integrated Development) with a focus on the Sustainable Watershed sub-project. Lessons can be drawn from this internationally sponsored program. The key constraints to identifying, evaluating and ascertaining the rate of flow of EG&S, especially spatial and temporal, are elaborated. Finally, we present data (both quantitative and qualitative) derived from field sites and discuss the observed trends and projected futures. We provide some recommendations for making interventions more effective and operational, via replication and scaling up, across the vast areas of upland.
Impact of Postoperative Complications on Long-Term Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After Liver Resection
Authors: Mochizuki Susumu , Nakayama Hisashi , Midorikawa Yutaka , Higaki Tokio , Moriguchi Masamichi , Aramaki Osamu , Takayama Tadatoshi 
Published: July 2021

Objective
The effect of postoperative complications including red blood cell transfusion (BT) on long-term survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between postoperative complications and long-term survival in patients with HCC.

Methods
Postoperative complications of 1251 patients who underwent curative liver resection for HCC were classified, and their recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cumulative overall survival (OS) were investigated.

Results
Any complications occurred in 503 patients (40%). Five-year RFS and 5-year OS in the complication group were 21% and 56%, respectively, significantly lower than the respective values of 32% (P &lt; 0.001) and 68% (P &lt; 0.001) in the no-complication group (n = 748). Complications related to RFS were postoperative BT [hazard ratio (HR): 1.726, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.338–2.228, P &lt; 0.001], pleural effusion (HR: 1.434, 95% CI: 1.200–1.713, P &lt; 0.001) using Cox proportional-hazard model. Complications related to OS were postoperative BT (HR: 1.843, 95% CI: 1.380–2.462, P &lt; 0.001), ascites (HR: 1.562, 95% CI: 1.066–2.290, P = 0.022), and pleural effusion (HR: 1.421, 95% CI: 1.150–1.755, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Postoperative complications were factors associated with poor long-term survival. Postoperative BT and pleural effusion were noticeable complications that were prognostic factors for both RFS and OS.
“Vamos sabotar as engrenagens desse sistema”: gênero e sexualidade no programa Amor & Sexo // "Let's sabotage the gears of this system": gender and sexuality in The Amor & Sexo TV show
Authors: Moreira Diego Gouveia , Bracchi Daniela Nery , Melo Cristina Teixeira Vieira de 
Published: July 2021

A reivindicação por políticas identitárias tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço na agenda social. Para não ficar de fora desse debate, os meios de comunicação investem em produções que focalizam essas temáticas. O programa "Amor & Sexo", da Rede Globo de Televisão, ao tratar de sexualidade, envereda por questões que dizem respeito a identidade de gênero. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as estratégias utilizadas pelo referido programa para se constituir como espaço de discussão dos temas associados às questões de gênero e práticas sexuais. Por meio da análise feita, foi possível identificar que, para se vender como produto de consumo, "Amor & Sexo" utiliza
fortemente recursos de entretenimento, o que por sua vez provoca ambivalências no modo de abordar as políticas identitárias.
Elastic‐Connection and Soft‐Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Superior Durability and Efficiency
Authors: Lin Zhiming , Zhang Binbin , Xie Yiyuan , Wu Zhiyi , Yang Jin , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has received tremendous attention in ambient energy harvesting, especially for ocean wave energy. However, the technology is generally challenged to obtain excellent durability and high efficiency simultaneously, which primarily overshadows their further industrial‐scale applications. Here, a dual‐mode and frequency multiplied TENG with ultrahigh durability and efficiency for ultralow frequency mechanical energy harvesting via the elastic connection and soft contact design is proposed. By introducing the spring and flexible dielectric fluff to the novel pendulum‐like structural design, the surface triboelectric charges of TENG are replenished in soft contact mode under the intermittent mechanical excitation, while the robustness and durability are enhanced in non‐contact working mode. The fabricated TENG results in a continuous electrical output for 65 s by one stimulus with a high energy conversion efficiency, as well as negligible change of output performance after a total of 2 000 000 cycles. Moreover, integrated with the power management circuit, the TENG array is demonstrated to drive the electronics by effectively harvesting wind and water wave energy as a sustainable energy source. This work paves a new pathway to enhance the robustness, durability, and efficiency of the TENG that resolves the bottleneck of its practical applications and industrialization.
Structural Color Materials from Natural Polymers
Authors: Zhang Zhuohao , Chen Zhuoyue , Shang Luoran , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStructural color materials have existed in nature for millions of years. Natural polymers constitute biological structural colors and provide an excellent resource for fabricating artificial structural color materials. Through either “top‐down” or “bottom‐up” methods, natural polymers could be processed into intricate micro/nano‐structures and show unique photonic features; the resultant materials and devices find applications in a wide range of fields, including optical display, sensing, anti‐counterfeiting, organ‐on‐a‐chip, microcarriers, etc. In this review, the latest progress about structural color materials generated from natural polymers is provided. After introducing typical polymers involved in the biological structural coloration, artificial structural color materials derived from natural polymers, including their biomimetic design, fabrication, and application are summarized. The remaining challenges and future research prospects of this remarkable field are also discussed. It is believed that this review would accelerate the development of biomimetics, optics, and materials science.
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes as an Innovative Approach for Treating Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Cabral Fernanda V. , Lian Cheng , Persheyev Saydulla , Smith Terry K. , Ribeiro Martha S. , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been studied as a noninvasive therapy for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis to overcome challenges with current treatment, such as toxicity, resistance, and need for in‐patient hospital treatment. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have emerged as an attractive technology that can provide wearable light‐emitting materials that are conformable to human skin. This makes OLEDs ideal candidates for APDT by light‐bandages for ambulatory care. In this work, suitable OLEDs are successfully developed to match the absorbance of three photosensitizers: methylene blue, new methylene blue, and 1,9‐dimethyl‐methylene blue to inactivate two Leishmania species in vitro: Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis. Parasites are treated either by LED (20 mW cm−2) or OLED (6.5 mW cm−2) at increasing photosensitizer concentrations at a radiant exposure of 50 J cm−2. 1,9‐Dimethyl‐methylene blue is the most potent photosensitizer, killing both strains at nanomolar concentrations. The effect of different intensities from the OLEDs (0.7, 1.5, and 6.5 mW cm−2) are also explored and it is shown that effective killing of Leishmania occurs even at a very low intensity. These findings demonstrate the great potential of OLEDs as a new approach for ambulatory treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by APDT.
Manipulation of Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Response Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: He Yonglin , Yang Weimin , Shih Tien‐Mo , Wang Jingyu , Zhang Dumeng , Gao Min , Jiao Fangfei , Zeng Yue , Yang Jing‐Liang , Pang Junhong , Gao Renxian , Sun Guoya , Li Ming‐De , Li Jian‐Feng , Yang Zhilin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to the existence of surface plasmon resonances, enormous nonlinear optical effects are generated by plasmonic nanostructures, leading to the trend in which these nanostructures have gradually become ideal platforms for all‐optical manipulations. Here, it is discovered that an anomaly of the relationship between the sample reflectance and the pump‐light polarization angle occurs at the localized surface plasmons mode. Relatively, normal relationships exist at the interband transition and the propagating surface plasmon polaritons mode. Furthermore, electrical‐field enhancements are intentionally acquired by solely keeping either the pump beam or the probe beam on, so that the anomaly‐governing mechanism is identified as the aggregation of hot electrons within the probe‐detected sensitivity zone. The discovery of this anomaly and the associated mechanism can be applied to ultrafast all‐optical communications, computing, and the design of photonics‐related devices.