bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does land use/cover influence gully head retreat rates? An in‐situ simulation experiment of rainfall and upstream inflow in the gullied loess region, China
Authors: Kang Hongliang , Wang Wenlong , Guo Mingming , Li Jianming , Shi Qianhua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLand use/cover plays a crucial role in gully head retreat (GHR). However, little is known about how land use/cover influences GHR rates. An in situ simulation experiment of rainfall and upstream inflow was conducted in a gullied loess region to investigate hydraulic erosion, mass movements, and linear GHR processes under three types of land use/cover (bare land, grassland, and shrub‐grass land). The results showed that the average linear GHR rates on grassland and shrub‐grass land were 87–89% and 72–81% lower than that on bare land (0.99–2.06 cm min−1), respectively. Gully heads retreat by hydraulic and gravitational erosion. In the case of hydraulic erosion, upstream runoff incision is dominant on bare land, while undercutting by on‐wall and jet flow dominates on grassland and shrub‐grass land. In the case of mass movement, collapse dominates with a frequency of 62–100%, of which gully sidewall collapse is most common, especially on bare land and it acts to widen the gully. Gully headwall collapse dominates on grassland and shrub‐grass land to cause retreat of the gully head. Overall, on bare land, upstream runoff incision dominates GHR. However, on grassland/shrub‐grass land GHR is mainly driven by the undercutting of on‐wall and jet flow and subsequent gully headwall collapses. As a consequence, the GHR length on bare land exponentially increases over time, while on grassland or shrub‐grass land, it discretely increases as an analogous step function. Moreover, the average linear GHR rate on grassland was considerably lower than that on shrub‐grass land, implying that an optimized vegetation restoration pattern enhances GHR control.
Seasonal variability in planktonic food web structure and function of the Northeast U.S. Shelf
Authors: Marrec Pierre , McNair Heather , Franzè Gayantonia , Morison Françoise , Strock Jacob P. , Menden‐Deuer Susanne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerbivorous consumption of primary production is a key transformation in global biogeochemical cycles, directing matter and energy either to higher trophic levels, export production, or remineralization. Grazing by microzooplankton is often poorly constrained, particularly in dynamic coastal systems. Temperate coastal areas are seasonally and spatially variable, which presents both challenges and opportunities to identify patterns and drivers of grazing pressure. Here we report on two winter and one summer week‐long cruises (2018–2019), as part of the new Northeast U.S. Shelf Long‐Term Ecological Research program. During both seasons, coastal waters were colder and fresher, and had higher phytoplankton biomass than waters at the shelf break. The phytoplankton community was dominated by large cells in winter and by small cells in summer. Phytoplankton growth rates ranged from < 0.5 d−1 in winter and up to 1.4 d−1 in summer and were strongly correlated to temperature, to light availability, and to phytoplankton community size‐structure. Grazing rates were not correlated with total chlorophyll a, which points to other biological drivers, including species composition in predator‐prey interactions at the first trophic level. The percentage of primary production consumed (%PP) indicated higher trophic transfer in winter (%PP > 50%) than during summer (%PP < 20%), highlighting seasonal shifts in planktonic food web structure and function. These results imply that predictable shifts in environmental conditions can be linked to ecosystem shifts in net primary production. Hierarchies of variability, from localized to interannual and long‐term climate driven, can be understood within the context of sustained measurements of ecosystem properties and function.
Diatom response to alterations in upwelling and nutrient dynamics associated with climate forcing in the California Current System
Authors: Closset Ivia , McNair Heather M. , Brzezinski Mark A. , Krause Jeffrey W. , Thamatrakoln Kimberlee , Jones Janice L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe California Current System displays a strong seasonal cycle in water properties, circulation, and biological production. Interactions of the alongshore current with coastal and topographic features lead to high spatial variability forced by seasonal winds that displace surface coastal water offshore. This process also supplies nutrients to the euphotic zone by Ekman transport and eventually supports phytoplankton blooms typically dominated by diatoms. Here, we investigate the relationship between biogenic silica production and mesoscale upwelling dynamics along the central region of the California Current System between 2013 and 2015, a period affected by a warm anomaly known as “the Blob.” Changes in the upwelling phenology along California caused by this marine heatwave are investigated using an innovative index and related to patterns of diatom production during upwelling events to evaluate diatom resilience. Based on this new index, we estimated that the nutrient supply to the euphotic zone declined by 50% during the Blob, but the Blob had little impact on local production during individual upwelling events. A statistical analysis evaluating the relationship between production and environmental conditions reveals persistent biological hotspots characterized by high biomass, depleted nutrients, and high specific production rates (up to 0.7 d−1) throughout the study period. Lower observed biogenic silica to Chlorophyll a ratios during the Blob suggested a taxonomic shift from siliceous to nonsiliceous phytoplankton and/or lightly silicified diatoms signaling a change at the base of the food chain that could have ramifications for productivity in this eastern boundary coastal upwelling system.
Sampling, separation, and quantification of N‐acyl homoserine lactones from marine intertidal sediments
Authors: Stock Frederike , Cirri Emilio , Nuwanthi Samarasinghe Gunasekara Liyanage Ishari , Stock Willem , Ueberschaar Nico , Mangelinckx Sven , Pohnert Georg , Vyverman Wim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractN‐acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are molecules produced by many Gram‐negative bacteria as mediators of cell‐cell signaling in a mechanism known as quorum sensing (QS). QS is widespread in marine bacteria regulating diverse processes, such as virulence or excretion of polymers that mediate biofilm formation. Associated eukaryotes, such as microalgae, respond to these cues as well, leading to an intricate signaling network. To date, only very few studies attempted to measure AHL concentrations in phototrophic microbial communities, which are hot spots for bacteria‐bacteria as well as microalgae‐bacteria interactions. AHL quantification in environmental samples is challenging and requires a robust and reproducible sampling strategy. However, knowing about AHL concentrations opens up multiple perspectives from answering fundamental ecological questions to deriving guidelines for manipulation and control of biofilms. Here, we present a method for sampling and AHL identification and quantification from marine intertidal sediments. The use of contact cores for sediment sampling ensures reproducible sample surface area and volume at each location. Flash‐freezing of the samples with liquid nitrogen prevents enzymatic AHL degradation between sampling and extraction. After solvent extraction, samples were analyzed with an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HRMS) method that allows to baseline‐separate 16 different AHLs in less than 10 min. The sensitivity of the method is sufficient for detection and quantification of AHLs in environmental samples of less than 16 cm3.
Alexa, she's not human but… Unveiling the drivers of consumers' trust in voice‐based artificial intelligence
Authors: Pitardi Valentina , Marriott Hannah R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the development of deep connections between humans and Artificial Intelligence voice‐based assistants (VAs), human and machine relationships have transformed. For relationships to work it is essential for trust to be established. Although the capabilities of VAs offer retailers and consumers enhanced opportunities, building trust with machines is inherently challenging. In this paper, we propose integrating Human–Computer Interaction Theories and Para‐Social Relationship Theory to develop insight into how trust and attitudes toward VAs are established. By adopting a mixed‐method approach, first, we quantitatively examine the proposed model using Covariance‐Based Structural Equation Modeling on 466 respondents; based on the findings of this study, a second qualitative study is employed to reveal four main themes. Findings show that while functional elements drive users' attitude toward using VAs, the social attributes, being social presence and social cognition, are the unique antecedents for developing trust. Additionally, the research illustrates a peculiar dynamic between privacy and trust and it shows how users distinguish two different sources of trustworthiness in their interactions with VAs, identifying the brand producers as the data collector. Taken together, these results reinforce the idea that individuals interact with VAs treating them as social entities and employing human social rules, thus supporting the adoption of a para‐social perspective.
Milk and Dairy Products Intake Is Related to Cognitive Impairment at Baseline in Predimed Plus Trial
Authors: Muñoz‐Garach Araceli , Cornejo‐Pareja Isabel , Martínez‐González Miguel Ángel , Bulló Monica , Corella Dolores , Castañer Olga , Romaguera Dora , Vioque Jesús , Alonso‐Gómez Ángel M. , Wärnberg Julia , Martínez J. Alfredo , Serra‐Majem Luís , Estruch Ramon , Bernal‐López M. Rosa , Lapetra José , Pintó Xavier , Tur Josep A. , López‐Miranda José , Bueno‐Cavanillas Aurora , Delgado‐Rodríguez Miguel , Matía‐Martín Pilar , Daimiel Lidia , Sánchez Vicente Martín , Vidal Josep , Prieto Lucia , Ros Emilio , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Camacho‐Barcia Lucía , Ortega‐Azorin Carolina , Soria María , Fiol Miquel , Compañ‐Gabucio Laura , Goicolea‐Güemez Leire , Pérez‐López Jessica , Goñi Nuria , Pérez‐Cabrera Judith , Sacanella E. , Fernández‐García Jose Carlos , Miró‐Moriano Leticia , Gimenez‐Gracia M. , Razquin C. , Paz‐Graniel Indira , Guillem Patricia , Zomeño María Dolors , Moñino Manuel , Oncina‐Canovas Alejandro , Salaverria‐Lete Itziar , Toledo Estefanía , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi , Schröder Helmut , Tinahones Francisco J. ,   Predimed‐Plus Investigators
Published: January 2021

ScopeTo examine the association between milk and dairy products intake and the prevalence of cognitive decline among Spanish individuals at high cardiovascular risk.Methods and resultsCross‐sectional analyses are performed on baseline data from 6744 adults (aged 55–75 years old). Intake of milk and dairy products is estimated using a food frequency questionnaire grouped into quartiles. The risk of developing cognitive impairment is based on the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE).A higher prevalence of cognitive decline was found in subjects who consumed more grams. Patients with worse MMSE score (10–24) consumed a mean of 395.14 ± 12.21 g, while patients with better MMSE score (27–30) consumed a mean of 341.23 ± 2.73 g (p < 0.05). Those subjects with the lower milk consumption (<220 g/day) had a higher MMSE score (28.35 ± 0.045). Higher intake of fermented dairy products was observed in participants with a lower MMSE score (OR 1.340, p = 0.003). A positive correlation was found between the consumption of whole milk and the MMSE score (r = 0.066, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that greater consumption of milk and dairy products could be associated with greater cognitive decline according to MMSE. Conversely, consumption of whole‐fat milk could be linked with less cognitive impairment in the cross‐sectional study.
Non‐uniform sampling for NOESY? A case study on spiramycin
Authors: Wieske Lianne H.E. , Erdélyi Máté 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo date, most nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based 3‐D structure determinations of both small molecules and of biopolymers utilize the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) via NOESY spectra. The acquisition of high‐quality NOESY spectra is a prerequisite for quantitative analysis providing accurate interatomic distances. As the acquisition of NOE build‐ups is time‐consuming, acceleration of the process by the use of non‐uniform sampling (NUS) may seem beneficial; however, the quantitativity of NOESY spectra acquired with NUS has not yet been validated. Herein, NOESY spectra with various extents of NUS have been recorded, artificial NUS spectra with two different sampling schemes created, and by using two different NUS reconstruction algorithms the influence of NUS on the data quality was evaluated. Using statistical analyses, NUS is demonstrated to influence the accuracy of quantitative NOE experiments. The NOE‐based distances show an increased error as the sampling density decreases. Weak NOE signals are affected more severely by NUS than more intense ones. The application of NUS with NOESY comes at two major costs: the interatomic distances are determined with lower accuracy and long‐range correlations are lost.
Genome‐wide chromatin occupancy of BRDT and gene expression analysis suggest transcriptional partners and specific epigenetic landscapes that regulate gene expression during spermatogenesis
Authors: Her Yoon Ra , Wang Li , Chepelev Iouri , Manterola Marcia , Berkovits Binyamin , Cui Kairong , Zhao Keji , Wolgemuth Debra J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBRDT, a member of the BET family of double bromodomain‐containing proteins, is essential for spermatogenesis in the mouse and has been postulated to be a key regulator of transcription in meiotic and post‐meiotic cells. To understand the function of BRDT in these processes, we first characterized the genome‐wide distribution of the BRDT binding sites, in particular within gene units, by ChIP‐Seq analysis of enriched fractions of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. In both cell types, BRDT binding sites were mainly located in promoters, first exons, and introns of genes. BRDT binding sites in promoters overlapped with several histone modifications and histone variants associated with active transcription, and were enriched for consensus sequences for specific transcription factors, including MYB, RFX, ETS, and ELF1 in pachytene spermatocytes, and JunD, c‐Jun, CRE, and RFX in round spermatids. Subsequent integration of the ChIP‐seq data with available transcriptome data revealed that stage‐specific gene expression programs are associated with BRDT binding to their gene promoters, with most of the BDRT‐bound genes being upregulated. Gene Ontology analysis further identified unique sets of genes enriched in diverse biological processes essential for meiosis and spermiogenesis between the two cell types, suggesting distinct developmentally stage‐specific functions for BRDT. Taken together, our data suggest that BRDT cooperates with different transcription factors at distinctive chromatin regions within gene units to regulate diverse downstream target genes that function in male meiosis and spermiogenesis.
Suicide among veterans with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Lund Emily M. , Hostetter Trisha A. , Forster Jeri E. , Hoffmire Claire A. , Stearns‐Yoder Kelly A. , Brenner Lisa A. , Tahmasbi Sohi Maryam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of death by suicide for those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) seeking care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).MethodsThis was a retrospective, cohort study. Extended Cox regression models were used to compare the hazard of suicide between the ALS and the unexposed groups.ResultsThe hazard of suicide was 3.98 times higher for those with ALS than for those without (95% confidence interval [CI] , 2.64‐6.00; P < .0001). After adjusting for covariates, those with ALS remained at increased risk (hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.31‐5.24; P < .001).ConclusionsAmong those seeking care in the VHA, individuals with ALS are at increased risk for dying by suicide. Additional suicide prevention efforts, including strategies for reducing access to lethal means, are warranted.
Differential effect of vascularity between long‐ and short‐term survivors with IDH1/2 wild‐type glioblastoma
Authors: Álvarez‐Torres María del Mar , Fuster‐García Elies , Reynés Gaspar , Juan‐Albarracín Javier , Chelebian Eduard , Oleaga Laura , Pineda Jose , Auger Cristina , Rovira Alex , Emblem Kyrre E. , Filice Silvano , Mollà‐Olmos Enrique , García‐Gómez Juan Miguel 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionIDH1/2 wt glioblastoma (GB) represents the most lethal tumour of the central nervous system. Tumour vascularity is associated with overall survival (OS), and the clinical relevance of vascular markers, such as rCBV, has already been validated. Nevertheless, molecular and clinical factors may have different influences on the beneficial effect of a favourable vascular signature.PurposeTo evaluate the association between the rCBV and OS of IDH1/2 wt GB patients for long‐term survivors (LTSs) and short‐term survivors (STSs). Given that initial high rCBV may affect the patient's OS in follow‐up stages, we will assess whether a moderate vascularity is beneficial for OS in both groups of patients.Materials and methodsNinety‐nine IDH1/2 wt GB patients were divided into LTSs (OS ≥ 400 days) and STSs (OS < 400 days). Mann‐Whitney and Fisher, uni‐ and multiparametric Cox, Aalen’s additive regression and Kaplan‐Meier tests were carried out. Tumour vascularity was represented by the mean rCBV of the high angiogenic tumour (HAT) habitat computed through the haemodynamic tissue signature methodology (available on the ONCOhabitats platform).ResultsFor LTSs, we found a significant association between a moderate value of rCBVmean and higher OS (uni‐ and multiparametric Cox and Aalen’s regression) (p = 0.0140, HR = 1.19; p = 0.0085, HR = 1.22) and significant stratification capability (p = 0.0343). For the STS group, no association between rCBVmean and survival was observed. Moreover, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in gender, age, resection status, chemoradiation, or MGMT methylation were observed between LTSs and STSs.ConclusionWe have found different prognostic and stratification effects of the vascular marker for the LTS and STS groups. We propose the use of rCBVmean at HAT as a vascular marker clinically relevant for LTSs with IDH1/2 wt GB and maybe as a potential target for randomized clinical trials focused on this group of patients.
Mathematical modeling of bio‐magnetic fluid bounded within ciliated walls of wavy channel
Authors: Nazeer Mubbashar , Hussain Farooq , Iftikhar Sadia , Ijaz Khan Muhammad , Ramesh K. , Shehzad Nasir , Baig Afifa , Kadry Seifedine , Chu Yu‐Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeristaltic transport of couple stress fluid with heat transfer is investigated through flexible walls of the channel furnished with hair‐like structures. Locomotion of biological fluid is the result of the simultaneous propagation of metachronal waves (MCWs) and peristaltic waves. MCW emerges due to multi‐movement of cilia, while the elastic‐walls of the channel are responsible for the peristaltic wave. The two‐dimensional rheological flow experiences the resistive behavior of applied magnetic fields, besides, the role of viscous dissipation and entropy generation. A closed‐form solution is achieved for the nonlinear coupled differential equation, which is vetted through graphs. Finally, the theoretical analysis introduces the manufacture of a ciliate bronchial tube that can efficiently; remove mucus out of the lungs and bloodstream.
Cabozantinib and Panitumumab for RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Strickler John H. , Rushing Christel N. , Uronis Hope E. , Morse Michael A. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Blobe Gerard C. , Moyer Ashley N. , Bolch Emily , Webb Renee , Haley Sherri , Hatch Ace J. , Altomare Ivy P. , Sherrill Gary B. , Chang David Z. , Wells James L. , Hsu S. David , Jia Jingquan , Zafar S. Yousuf , Nixon Andrew B. , Hurwitz Herbert I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Antitumor activity was observed in the study population. Dose modifications of cabozantinib improve long-term tolerability. Biomarkers are needed to identify patient populations most likely to benefit. Further study of cabozantinib with or without panitumumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is warranted.

Background
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody panitumumab is active in patients with RAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but nearly all patients experience resistance. MET amplification is a driver of panitumumab resistance. Cabozantinib is an inhibitor of multiple kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and c-MET, and may delay or reverse anti-EGFR resistance.

Methods
In this phase Ib clinical trial, we established the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of cabozantinib and panitumumab. We then treated an expansion cohort to further describe the tolerability and clinical activity of the RP2D. Eligibility included patients with KRAS WT mCRC (later amended to include only RAS WT mCRC) who had received prior treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and bevacizumab.

Results
Twenty-five patients were enrolled and treated. The MTD/RP2D was cabozantinib 60 mg p.o. daily and panitumumab 6 mg/kg I.V. every 2 weeks. The objective response rate (ORR) was 16%. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months (90% confidence interval [CI], 2.3–7.1). Median overall survival (OS) was 12.1 months (90% CI, 7.5–14.3). Five patients (20%) discontinued treatment due to toxicity, and 18 patients (72%) required a dose reduction of cabozantinib.

Conclusion
The combination of cabozantinib and panitumumab has activity. Dose reductions of cabozantinib improve tolerability.
Behavior of Pd‐supported catalysts in phenylacetylene hydrogenation: Effect of combined use of polyvinylpyrrolidone and NaOH for magnetic support modification
Authors: Zharmagambetova Alima , Talgatov Eldar , Auyezkhanova Assemgul , Tumabayev Nurmukhamet , Bukharbayeva Farida 
Published: January 2021

Recently, magnetic nanoparticles have attracted the attention as catalyst supports due to the possibility of magnetic separation, allowing for easy, fast, and clean recovery of the catalysts. A synthesis strategy of such supports plays an important role in improving the properties of the magnetic catalysts. Here, we proposed a simple and effective method to increase the activity and lifetime of the Pd magnetic catalyst. Polyvinylpyrrolidone‐maghemite nanoparticles were synthesized via one‐pot coprecipitation method using an excess of the NaOH. This was followed by adsorption of Pd2+ on the magnetic nanoparticles. The resulting catalyst showed activity (WCC = 4.0 × 10−6 mol s−1, WCC = 12.7 × 10−6 mol s−1) and selectivity (94%) in phenylacetylene hydrogenation. The catalyst was then magnetically recovered and reused 58 times. The activity of the catalyst increased significantly during the first three runs, changing the rate ratio of WCC to WCC from 1:3.2 to 1:1.6, and then decreased in the following runs. To understand the reason for this behavior, the catalyst was characterized, as well as catalytic studies were performed using similar catalysts for comparison. The results show that the NaOH adsorbed on magnetic support affects the size, stability, and catalytic properties of the Pd particles, and the effect of alkali is enhanced in the presence of the polymer.