bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islet Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Taking Sitagliptin: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Yang Lin , Liang Huiying , Liu Xinyuan , Wang Xia , Cheng Ying , Zhao Yunjuan , Liu Lingjiao , Huang Gan , Wang Xiangbing , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
The long-term effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) are unclear.

Objective
To investigate the effects of sitagliptin on β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in LADA patients receiving insulin.

Design and Setting
A randomized controlled trial at the Second Xiangya Hospital.

Methods
Fifty-one patients with LADA were randomized to sitagliptin + insulin (SITA) group or insulin alone (CONT) group for 24 months.

Main Outcome Measures
Fasting C-peptide (FCP), 2-hour postprandial C-peptide (2hCP) during mixed-meal tolerance test, △CP (2hCP – FCP), and updated homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA2-B) were determined every 6 months. In 12 subjects, hyperglycemic clamp and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) tests were further conducted at 12-month intervals.

Results
During the 24-month follow-up, there were no significant changes in β-cell function in the SITA group, whereas the levels of 2hCP and △CP in the CONT group were reduced at 24 months. Meanwhile, the changes in HOMA2-B from baseline were larger in the SITA group than in the CONT group. At 24 months, first-phase insulin secretion was improved in the SITA group by hyperglycemia clamp, which was higher than in the CONT group (P &lt; .001), while glucose metabolized (M), insulin sensitivity index, and M over logarithmical insulin ratio in HEC were increased in the SITA group (all P &lt; .01 vs baseline), which were higher than in the CONT group.

Conclusion
Compared with insulin intervention alone, sitagliptin plus insulin treatment appeared to maintain β-cell function and improve insulin sensitivity in LADA to some extent.
Development of a Highly Sensitive ELISA for Measurement of FSH in Serum, Plasma, and Whole Blood in Mice
Authors: Ongaro Luisina , Alonso Carlos Agustin Isidro , Zhou Xiang , Brûlé Emilie , Li Yining , Schang Gauthier , Parlow Albert F , Steyn Frederik , Bernard Daniel J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulates gonadal function and fertility. Measurement of FSH in bodily fluids and tissues is possible with radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Recently, several novel assays were developed to measure pituitary hormones including growth hormone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone in mice from small sample volumes. Here, we describe a novel and sensitive ELISA that enables the accurate measurement of FSH in serum, plasma, and whole blood from female and male mice. The assay can also be used to measure FSH in murine pituitary lysates and cell culture media. In summary, the new methodology described here will enable investigators to measure FSH from a variety of biological samples in mice accurately, at low cost, and in their own laboratories.
Description and comparison of physical activity from self-reports and accelerometry among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a pilot study
Authors: Mosha Mary Vincent , Kasagama Elizabeth , Ayieko Philip , Todd Jim , Msuya Sia E. , Grosskurth Heiner , Filteau Suzanne 
Published: January 2021

Background: Self-reports are commonly used to assess physical activity in children. Existing self-reports for physical activity have not been validated for use among primary school children in, Tanzania. In order to understand if primary school children can accurately report their physical activity, we examined the validity of self-reported physical activity against accelerometer measured physical activity. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July, 2018. Four primary schools were conveniently selected in Moshi municipal and Moshi rural districts in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania and from these 51 children aged 9 – 11 years were randomly selected. Self-reported questionnaire was used to collect physical activity related variables. In addition, children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to capture physical activity movements. Spearman’s rank test and Bland Altman plots were used for assessing validity and agreement between self-reports and accelerometer moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results: The mean age of the study participants was 10 (SD=0.8) years and 32 (63%) were girls. A positive significant correlation was found between self-reports and accelerometer MVPA (rho=0.36, p=0.009). Accelerometer had higher mean MVPA 408 (SD = 66) compared to self-reports 261 (SD = 179). Children who reported walking to school had higher MVPA for both accelerometer and self- reports compared to children who use other means of transport to school, e.g. school buses (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study found a positive significant correlation between self-reports and accelerometers. Self-reports are prone to errors due to recall bias, and this interferes their validity. More research is needed to develop better self-reported measures with specific activities which can easily be recalled by children. Also, researchers have to be aware of self-reports validity limitation.
Case Report: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) deactivation in palliative care - a case involving best interest decisions for someone lacking capacity at the end of life
Authors: Tan Chevonne , Hanchanale Sarika , Sugrue Emma , Nwosu Amara Callistus 
Published: January 2021

The use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) has increased due to benefits of preventing death from cardiac arrhythmia. However, the increasing use of ICDs has created new challenges for how to proactively manage deactivation of these devices in people who are dying, especially for those who lack capacity to make decisions about their care. The aim of this case report is to discuss the challenges of planning for deactivation of an ICD for a patient who lacked capacity at the end of life. We describe the challenges of managing ICD deactivation in a dying patient with fluctuating capacity who had previously expressed a wish for the ICD to remain active. Although it is preferable to use advance care planning (ACP), to provide care in-line with patient-identified care preferences, we demonstrate how a best interest process can be used to make decisions about ICD deactivation at the end of life.
Comparison of different machine learning methods and dimensionality reduction for classification astrocytoma and glioblastoma tissues by mass spectra
Authors: Zhvansky Evgeny S. , Sorokin Anatoly A. , Zavorotnyuk Denis S. , Shurkhay Vsevolod A. , Eliferov Vasiliy A. , Bormotov Denis S. , Ivanov Daniil G. , Potapov Alexander A. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Recently developed methods of ambient ionization allow rapid obtaining of large mass spectrometric datasets, which have a great application in biological and medical analysis. One of the areas that could employ such analysis is neurosurgery. The fast in situ identification of dissected tissues could assist the neurosurgery procedure. The additional information about tumor could help the tumor border monitoring. In this paper, tumor tissues of astrocytoma and glioblastoma are compared, as their identifications during surgery could influence the extent of resection and, hence, the median and overall survival. Methods: Mass spectrometric profiles of brain tumor tissues contain molecular information, which is rather hard to interpret in terms of identifications of individual molecules. The machine learning algorithms are employed for the fast automated mass spectra classification. Different algorithms of dimensionality reduction are considered to process the mass spectra before the classification task, as the initial dimensionality of mass spectra is too high compared with the number of mass spectra. Results: Different classifiers are compared for both just preprocessed data and after dimensionality reduction. The Non-Negative Matrix Factorization appears to be the most effective dimensionality reduction algorithm. The random forest algorithm demonstrated the most robust appearance on the tested data. Also, the comparison of the accuracy of the trained classifier on the mass spectra of tissues measured with different instruments and different resolution is provided in the paper. Conclusions: Machine learning classifiers overfit the raw mass spectrometric data. The dimensionality reduction allows the classification of both train and test data with 88% accuracy. Positive mode data provides better accuracy. A combination of principal component analysis and AdaBoost algorithms appears to be most robust to changing the instrument and conditions.
Before the whistle blows: developing new paradigms in tuberculosis screening to maximise benefit and minimise harm
Authors: MacPherson Peter , Williams Caroline M. , Burke Rachael M. , Barer Michael R. , Esmail Hanif 
Published: January 2021

We summarise recent emerging evidence around tuberculosis (TB) transmission and its role in tuberculosis epidemiology, and in novel TB screening and diagnostic tests that will likely become available in low-resource settings in the near future. Little consideration has been paid to how these novel new tests will be implemented, nor what the consequences for individuals, communities and health systems will be. In particular, because of low specificity and consequent false-positive diagnoses, and the low percentage of people who “screen positive” that will go onto develop active pulmonary disease, there is significant potential for inappropriate initiation of TB treatment, as well as stigmatisation, loss of livelihoods and in some setting institutionalisation, with uncertain benefit for individual health or community transmission. We use analogy to prompt consideration of how and where new TB screening tests could be implemented in TB screening programmes in low-resource settings. Acceptance and confidence in TB screening programmes depends on well-functioning public health programmes that use screening algorithms that minimise harms and balance population benefits with autonomy and respect for individuals. Before new TB screening tests and algorithms are introduced, more evidence for their effectiveness, costs, benefits and harms under real-world conditions are required.
Refined forms of Oppenheim and Cusa-Huygens type inequalities
Authors: Bagul Yogesh J. , Chesneau Christophe 
Published: January 2021

We rene Oppenheim's inequality as well as generalized Cusa-Huygens type inequalities established recently by some researchers. One of the results where the bounds of sin x / x are tractable will be used to obtain a sharp version of Yang's inequality.
On sound ranging in proper metric spaces
Authors: Goncharov Sergij V. 
Published: January 2021

We consider the sound ranging, or source localization, problem -- find the source-point from the moments when the wave-sphere of linearly, with time, increasing radius reaches the sensor-points -- in proper metric spaces (any closed ball is compact) and, in particular, in the finite-dimensional normed spaces. We approximate the solution to arbitrary precision by the iterative process with the stopping criterion. Implementation of the proposed method in Julia language is included.
Rosyjska elita: historia i współczesność
Authors: Koczetkow Aleksandr 
Published: January 2021

The Russian elite: history and the present day
In the article author analyzes the process of formation of the Russian elite during the main stages of historical development of Russia, especially the mechanisms and methods of recruitment. Special attention is paid to the formation of post‑Soviet elites, the comparative analysis of peculiarities of formation of the Soviet and modern Russian elite.
Dental Intra-oral Radiography: The Tricky Bits Exposed
Authors: Anderson Helen 
Published: January 2021

Dental radiography is usually straightforward; however, a few patients do offer a greater challenge to the dentist aiming to achieve diagnostic images. Ironically, it is frequently these tricky patients where a good quality radiograph will be of greatest use when treatment planning. This article has been written primarily to provide some tips aimed at increasing the likelihood of achieving a diagnostic image for a patient who finds the procedure difficult and includes some techniques that can be applied to all patients having a dental radiograph taken. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Achieving good quality radiographs is essential to aid in both diagnosis and treatment planning.
The Impact of Meningococcal Septicaemia on the Developing Dentition
Authors: Kassam Shaira , Forbes-Haley Claire 
Published: January 2021

Meningococcal septicaemia is an acute bacterial infection with high morbidity and mortality. The infection can cause multiple systemic manifestations including disseminated intravascular coagulation, haemorrhage, infarction and necrosis of internal organs and bone abnormalities. Children with meningococcal septicaemia present most frequently between the ages of 3 months and 5 years; a crucial period for the developing dentition. Disturbances to developing dentition are frequent sequelae of this infection and include hypoplasia and hypo/hypermineralization, failed or delayed eruption, root and crown malformation. This is thought to be related to subclinical premaxillary osteomyelitis secondary to septicaemia. This case series describes three patients with rare but similar patterns of dental development, notably in the anterior maxillary region, following meningococcal septicaemia in early childhood. The patient journey through multidisciplinary assessment and management is explored, from initial diagnosis to definitive oral rehabilitation. This article underscores the importance of effective communication and care pathways between the dental team and wider medical profession. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To raise awareness of the impact of early childhood meningococcal septicaemia on the developing dentition and the potential need for referral to secondary dental care.
Dental Management of a Patient with a Left Temporal Brain Abscess: A Case Report
Authors: Hasan Aliya , Tisdall Martin , Harley Kathryn 
Published: January 2021

Cerebral abscesses of odontogenic origin are uncommon. Cerebral abscesses are often caused by cardiac and pulmonary disease or infections such as skin or abdominal infections. However, there have been some reported incidences of cerebral abscesses caused by odontogenic infection. This paper aims to discuss a case report whereby an odontogenic infection was the most probable cause of a cerebral abscess in a paediatric patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To discuss the importance of oral disease as a potential causative factor for cerebral infection.
The Impact of Rain Exposure During Loading of Wood Pellets for Ocean Shipment: An Experimental Study
Authors: Lee Jun Sian , Sokhansanj Shahab , Lau Anthony K. , Lim Jim 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsA cut-off curve was delineated that specifies the rainfall conditions at which loading of wood pellets must be stopped.The relationship between the amount of water sprayed and the pellet durability and fines content was quantified.Very light rainfall events (less than 0.5 mm h-1) had little impact on the durability of wood pellets.Abstract. On the west coast of Canada, port terminals are frequently exposed to seasonal rainfall events, which can impact the loading operations at the terminals. Wood pellets, one of the bulk materials frequently handled in Canadian ports, are known to disintegrate when exposed to water. However, the extent to which the exposed pellets degrade, in terms of their durability and fines content, is not quantified in the literature. This exploratory research quantifies the impact of liquid water on wood pellets and delineates a cut-off curve specifying the rainfall conditions at which the loading of wood pellets needs to be halted. For example, loading may continue for at least 30 min at rainfall intensities of less than 0.5 mm h-1 before the durability of the wood pellets drops from 99.5% to 96.5%. The results also showed that the durability and fines content of wetted pellets have a strong correlation with the amount of water that the wood pellets are exposed to. Keywords: Durability, Fines, Loading, Moisture content, Rain, Wood pellets.
Process Development for Antioxidant Extraction from Wet Pomegranate Peel
Authors: Wu Xingzhu , Venkitasamy Chandrasekar , McHugh Tara , Pan Zhongli 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsA novel process for antioxidant extraction from wet pomegranate peel (WPP) was developed using water as solvent.Effects of extraction parameters on extract yield, quality, composition, and color were quantified.Extraction from WPP achieved 10% higher extract yield compared with dried peel.The WPP extraction process is more energy-efficient than extraction from dried peel.Abstract. Pomegranate peel (PP) is underused as animal feed or discarded in landfills, causing environmental pollution, even though it has a unique polyphenol profile with health-promoting properties. Past research has focused on the potential utilization of dried pomegranate peel (DPP), involving extended processing time, energy usage, and potential quality loss. The objective of this study was to develop a process to extract water-soluble antioxidants from wet pomegranate peel (WPP) and compare its antioxidant attributes with that of DPP. The WPP was sliced and ground into two sizes, and phenolics were extracted in water at different temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C), solvent (water) ratios (1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1), and extraction times (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 min). WPP extraction was compared with DPP extraction using hot air (HA, 40°C) and infrared radiation (IR, 60°C). The total phenolic yield (TPY) from WPP ranged from 10.37% to 12.80%, and the extraction rate increased significantly with increasing extraction time, temperature, and solvent ratio. DPPH scavenging activity (DSA), an important indicator of antioxidant activity, was in the range of 5.366 to 6.591 g g-1 and decreased only with the increase in temperature. Extraction using WPP particles resulted in 10% more extract yield and 2.5% more TPY compared to DPP powders with similar DSA. This study demonstrated that WPP could be used for the extraction of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity and without energy-intensive drying. Keywords: . Infrared drying, Peel composition, Polyphenol, Principal component analysis, Wet pomegranate peel.
Effect of Yb3+ concentration on upconversion luminescence and optical thermometry sensitivity of La2MoO6: Yb3+, Er3+ phosphors
Authors: Miao Juhong , Chen Mingyuan , Chen Zichen , Zhang Lei , Wei Song , Yang Xinye 
Published: January 2021

L

a

2

M
o

O

6

:

Y

b

3
+

,

E

r

3
+

upconversion (UC) micro-crystals with a tetragonal structure were fabricated through a modified sol–gel method. The samples are found to be spherical in shape with a diameter of about 300 nm. Upon excitation of 980 nm light, the UC emission spectra of the phosphors exhibit green and red bands corresponding to the characteristic transitions of

E

r

3
+

ions. As

Y

b

3
+

concentration rises, the green emission intensity increases and reaches the maximum at 2.0%

Y

b

3
+

content, while the ratio of green/red emission intensities (

I
G

/

I
R

) declines monotonically. Temperature sensing capability was studied employing the fluorescent intensity ratio technique from the thermally coupled levels

2

H

11

/

2

and

4

S

3

/

2

of

E

r

3
+

in temperature range of 293

∼

533 K. It is interesting to find that

Y

b

3
+

concentration has influence on the absolute sensitivity

S
A

, while the relative sensitivity

S
R

is almost independent of

Y

b

3
+

content. Furthermore, excellent thermal stability and high temperature sensitivity is also demonstrated in the 2.0%

Y

b

3
+

-doped sample with the obtained maximum

S
A

and

S
R

as high as

0.008

K

−
1

and

1.093

%

K

−
1

, respectively. The experimental results indicate that

Y

b

3
+

/

E

r

3
+

co-doped

L

a

2

M
o

O

6

phosphors can be excellent candidates for temperature sensing applications.
High-accuracy and rapid azimuth calibration for polarizing elements in ellipsometry by differential spectral analysis on the ellipse azimuth
Authors: Tu Huatian , Zheng Yuxiang , Shan Yao , Chen Yao , Zhang Haotian , Zhang Rongjun , Wang Songyou , Lee YoungPak , Chen Liangyao 
Published: January 2021

We propose an accurate and rapid azimuth calibration method for polarizing elements in ellipsometry. Over 200 calibrations were achieved simultaneously at different wavelength points in a spectral range of 550–650 nm without any calibrated element. The azimuth of the polarizer was determined from the differential spectral analysis on the ellipse azimuth of reflected light. The information of the ellipse azimuth is experimentally acquired in the spectral range by a rotating polarizing element and a spectrometer. The presented method was performed and verified with Si and Au bulk, respectively, showing reliability and feasibility for efficient and reliable calibration in ellipsometry.
100  kHz krypton-based flow tagging velocimetry in a high-speed
flow
Authors: Grib Stephen W. , Jiang Naibo , Hsu Paul S. , Stauffer Hans U. , Felver Josef J. , Roy Sukesh , Schumaker S. Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Krypton (Kr)-based tagging velocimetry is demonstrated in a

K
r

/

N

2

jet at 100 kHz repetition rate using
a custom-built burst-mode laser and optical parametric oscillator
(OPO) system. At this repetition rate, the wavelength-tunable, narrow
linewidth laser platform can generate up to 7 mJ/pulse at resonant Kr
two-photon-excitation wavelengths. Following a comprehensive study, we
have identified the 212.56 nm two-photon-excitation transition as
ideal for efficient Kr-based velocimetry, producing a long-lived (

∼

40

µ

s

) fluorescence signal from
single-laser-pulse tagging that is readily amenable to velocity
tracking without the need for a second “read” laser pulse. This
long-lived fluorescence signal is found to emanate from

N

2

—rather than from Kr—following
efficient energy transfer. Successful flow velocity tracking is
demonstrated at multiple locations in a high-speed

K
r

/

N

2

jet flow. The 100 kHz repetition rate
provides the ability to perform time-resolved velocimetry measurements
in high-speed and even hypersonic flow environments, where standard
velocimetry approaches are insufficient to capture the relevant
dynamics.
Fully integrated 45-GHz harmonically mode-locked ring laser with an intra-cavity Mach–Zehnder filter
Authors: Nielsen Lars , Heck Martijn J. R. 
Published: January 2021

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems can utilize the full capacity of a single optical fiber and thereby keep up with the increasing demand for higher bandwidths within datacenters. A single mode-locked laser diode emits a comb of wavelengths and can thus, in principle, be used to generate all the channels of a WDM system. However, achieving a large channel spacing of much more than 20–30 GHz can be troublesome, since this depends directly on making the cavity smaller. To circumvent this, harmonic mode-locking can be utilized, as this increases the channel spacing while keeping the cavity size fixed. In this work, we show that a monolithically integrated 45-GHz harmonically mode-locked ring laser based on an intra-cavity Mach–Zehnder filter is feasible on a generic integration platform. True harmonic mode-locking was achieved with no measurable RF peak at the fundamental frequency. The pulse train exhibits an autocorrelation trace width of

∼

2.5

p
s

FWHM, RF linewidth of

∼

0.44

M
H
z

, and 3-dB comb bandwidth of

∼

240

G
H
z

.