bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revising the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) research priorities: a research progress update
Authors: Bhandari Pradeep , Longcroft-Wheaton Gaius , Libanio Diogo , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Albeniz Eduardo , Pioche Mathieu , Sidhu Reena , Spada Cristiano , Anderloni Andrea , Repici Alessandro , Haidry Rehan , Barthet Marc , Neumann Helmut , Antonelli Giulio , Testoni Alberto , Ponchon Thierry , Siersema Peter D. , Fuccio Lorenzo , Hassan Cesare , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground One of the aims of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) is to encourage high quality endoscopic research at a European level. In 2016, the ESGE research committee published a set of research priorities. As endoscopic research is flourishing, we aimed to review the literature and determine whether endoscopic research over the last 4 years had managed to address any of our previously published priorities.Methods As the previously published priorities were grouped under seven different domains, a working party with at least two European experts was created for each domain to review all the priorities under that domain. A structured review form was developed to standardize the review process. The group conducted an extensive literature search relevant to each of the priorities and then graded the priorities into three categories: (1) no longer a priority (well-designed trial, incorporated in national/international guidelines or adopted in routine clinical practice); (2) remains a priority (i. e. the above criterion was not met); (3) redefine the existing priority (i. e. the priority was too vague with the research question not clearly defined).Results The previous ESGE research priorities document published in 2016 had 26 research priorities under seven domains. Our review of these priorities has resulted in seven priorities being removed from the list, one priority being partially removed, another seven being redefined to make them more precise, with eleven priorities remaining unchanged. This is a reflection of a rapid surge in endoscopic research, resulting in 27 % of research questions having already been answered and another 27 % requiring redefinition.Conclusions Our extensive review process has led to the removal of seven research priorities from the previous (2016) list, leaving 19 research priorities that have been redefined to make them more precise and relevant for researchers and funding bodies to target.
Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf nuklearmedizinische Untersuchungen und Therapien im Verlauf von 2020 – Ergebnisse einer nationalen Umfrage
Authors: Freudenberg Lutz S , Essler Markus , Herrmann Ken 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt weltweit die Gesundheitssysteme vor eine in ihrem Ausmaß nicht zu erahnende Herausforderung. Diese Online-Umfrage erfasste die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Leistungszahlen der Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland im Jahresvergleich 2020 zu 2019.
Materialien und Methoden Ein webbasierter Fragebogen wurde entwickelt, um die Leistungszahlen 2020 und insbesondere die Veränderungen im Jahresvergleich zu 2019 zu erfassen. Abgefragt wurden die Veränderungen in der nuklearmedizinischen Diagnostik und Therapie sowie inwieweit die Handlungsempfehlungen „Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2“ umgesetzt wurden.
Ergebnisse 91 vollständige Antworten wurden erfasst und ausgewertet, was rund 20 % aller deutschen nuklearmedizinischen Einrichtungen entspricht. In der Diagnostik zeigte sich im Vergleich zu 2019 eine Abnahme der Szintigrafien der Schilddrüse (15,9 %), der Knochen (8,8 %), der Lunge (7,6 %), der Sentinel-Lymphknoten (5,5 %) und des Myokards (1,4 %) bei geringem Anstieg der PET/CT-Untersuchungen (1,2 %). Bei den nuklearmedizinischen Therapien war die Reduktion bei den benignen Erkrankungen am höchsten (benigne Schilddrüse 13,3 %, RSO 7,7 %), während die Veränderungen zu 2019 bei den malignen Indikationen weniger ausgeprägt waren (PRRT + 2,2 %, PSMA + 7,4 %, SIRT –5,9 % und RJT bei Schilddrüsenkarzinom –2,4 %). Die Handlungsempfehlungen der DGN wurden zu 90 % ganz oder teilweise angewendet.
Schlussfolgerungen Die initial deutliche Reduktion der nuklearmedizinischen Leistungen in den ersten 3 Wochen der COVID-19-Pandemie hat sich im weiteren Verlauf nicht fortgesetzt, ein Nachholen der nicht durchgeführten Untersuchungen hat allerdings nicht stattgefunden. Besonders schwerwiegend war der Rückgang bei Diagnostik und Therapie der benignen Erkrankungen.
Sulfur Amino Acids: From Prebiotic Chemistry to Biology and Vice Versa
Authors: Vallée Yannick , Youssef-Saliba Sparta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo sulfur-containing amino acids are included in the list of the 20 classical protein amino acids. A methionine residue is introduced at the start of the synthesis of all current proteins. Cysteine, thanks to its thiol function, plays an essential role in a very large number of catalytic sites. Here we present what is known about the prebiotic synthesis of these two amino acids and homocysteine, and we discuss their introduction into primitive peptides and more elaborate proteins.1	Introduction2	Sulfur Sources3	Prebiotic Synthesis of Cysteine4	Prebiotic Synthesis of Methionine5	Homocysteine and Its Thiolactone6	Methionine and Cystine in Proteins7	Prebiotic Scenarios Using Sulfur Amino Acids8	Introduction of Cys and Met in the Genetic Code9	Conclusion
Chalcogenylation of Naphthalene Derivatives Catalyzed by Iron(III) Chloride and Potassium Iodide
Authors: Rampon Daniel S. , Seckler Diego , da Luz Eduardo Q. da , Silvério Gabriel L. , Badshah Gul , Lima David B. , Abreu Emerson A. , Albach Breidi , Ribeiro Ronny R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe have developed an efficient chalcogenylation of electron-rich naphthalene derivatives catalyzed by FeCl3 and KI. The methodology provides access to several nonsymmetrical diorganoyl chalcogenides (S, Se) by selective C1 chalcogenylation of 2-naphthols or 2-naphthylamines using simple and cheap catalysts. Several control experiments supported the hypothesis that a redox reaction between Fe(III) and KI produces I2, which catalyzed the chalcogenylation.
Management Options for Suprasellar Cystic Craniopharyngioma: Endoscopic Transventricular Approach and Microsurgical Approach
Authors: Konar Subhas K. , Kulkarni Akshay V. , Shukla Dhaval , Misra Tejesh , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Peer Sameer , Lanka Vivek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective The treatment of cystic craniopharyngioma in children is varied. The treatment ranges from radical excision to direct radiotherapy. As the morbidity of excision is high, more conservative approaches are used. Transventricular endoscopy is a minimally invasive treatment for cystic craniopharyngiomas. The objective of this study is to compare the outcome of microscopic versus endoscopic transventricular approach for cystic craniopharyngioma.

Methods This is a retrospective study of series of children managed with microscopic excision and endoscopic transventricular approach for suprasellar cystic craniopharyngiomas. Operative details, visual outcome, endocrinological outcome, tumor-related cyst recurrence rate, and complication were compared between microscopic and endoscopic groups.

Results A total of 28 children underwent microscopic excision and 14 children underwent endoscopic procedure. The anesthesia time was significantly lower with endoscopic as compared to microscopic group (p = 0.0001) as well as blood loss during surgery (p = 0.0001). Hospital stay after surgery was shorter in endoscopic group. Incidence of diabetes insipidus was more in microscopic group (25%) compared to endoscopic group (7.14%). Visual outcome was almost same with approaches. Requirement of hormone replacement was more in microscopic group than in endoscopic group (p = 0.006). Incidence of cyst recurrence was more in microscopic (39.3%) compared to endoscopic group (7.7%).

Conclusion Endoscopic transventricular approach is a safe alternative for initial treatment of suprasellar cystic craniopharyngioma in children.
Determinants of Mental Health Care Access in a Tribal District of Central India: Findings from a Health Camp
Authors: Sutar Roshan , Lahiri Anuja , Diwan Sanjeet , Satpathy Parmeshwar , Rozatkar Abhijit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective Mental health care needs of urban, rural, and tribal regions of India are varied and challenging, which require region-specific approaches. A significant treatment gap calls out for a state-wise introspection of existing service delivery models to cater to the specific mental health needs. In Madhya Pradesh, key findings were noted from a camp conducted in one of the tribal districts. To establish patient-centered services, it is important to understand their mental health care needs.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study within a mental health camp was conducted in the east-central tribal district of Madhya Pradesh by using a semi-structured interview.

Statistical Analysis Treatment deficit, pathways to care, and treatment barriers were assessed for correlation with demographic and clinical variables and analyzed by using the Chi-square test and logistic regression method using SPSS version 20.

Results Among 113 patients who sought help, treatment deficit was 85% with patient factors contributing 76% predominantly affecting the unmarried group of patients. Common mental illnesses (CMIs) outnumbered severe mental illnesses (SMIs) of which anxiety spectrum disorder contributed the most. SMIs still appear to remain undiagnosed till late in the course of illness. Nicotine dependence was higher in males (p < 0.001), and an increase in the dependence pattern was observed with increasing age (p = 0.001).

Conclusion Rising awareness and recognition of CMIs as a common mental health concern while under-recognition of SMIs among tribal communities needs further research. Considering attribution of symptoms to unknown factors, treatment barriers revolving around patient factors, and higher nicotine dependence in males, a timely evaluation of a multitargeted intervention to establish the balance in access to mental health care among the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh is warranted.
Global value chains, import orientation, and the state: South Africa’s pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Horner Rory 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs opposed to the predominant focus of global value chain (GVC) research on export-oriented contexts, this article examines the prospects for development in places where the dominant form of engagement with GVCs is import-oriented. Through the case of South Africa’s pharmaceutical industry, this analysis demonstrates the challenge for local manufacturing to compete, and the associated state policy responses, in a place which is largely plugged into GVCs as an end market rather than as a production location. As multinationals have concentrated production elsewhere, South Africa’s manufacturing capacity in the pharmaceutical industry has relatively declined in recent decades. Having struggled in its facilitator role, the South African state’s efforts to promote local manufacturing have turned to the producer role through a state-owned company and especially the buyer role through public procurement. Motivations for state policy in this context, however, must navigate the tension which sometimes exists between the industrial interest in local manufacturing and the consumer and health policy interest in access to medicines. The experience of South Africa’s pharmaceutical industry points to the wider challenge and consequences of import-oriented engagement with GVCs for local industrial development.
Generation of reproductively mature offspring from the endangered green and golden bell frog
Authors: Upton Rose , Clulow Simon , Calatayud Natalie E. , Colyvas Kim , Seeto Rebecca G. Y. , Wong Lesley A. M. , Mahony Michael J. , Clulow John 
Published: April 2021

Amphibians are becoming increasingly reliant on captive breeding programs for continued survival. Assisted reproductive technologies including gamete cryopreservation and IVF can help reduce costs of breeding programs, provide insurance against extinction and assist genetic rescue in wild populations. However, the use of these technologies to produce reproductively mature offspring has only been demonstrated in a few non-model species. We aimed to optimise sperm cryopreservation in the threatened frog Litoria aurea and generate mature offspring from frozen–thawed spermatozoa by IVF. We tested three concentrations (1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 M) of the cryoprotectants dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol with 0.3 M sucrose. Using DMSO was more likely to result in recovery of sperm motility, vitality and acrosome integrity than glycerol, regardless of concentration, with forward progressive motility being most sensitive to damage. The lowest concentrations of 1.4 and 2.1 M provided the best protection regardless of cryoprotectant type. Spermatozoa cryopreserved in 2.1 M DMSO outperformed spermatozoa cryopreserved in equivalent concentrations of glycerol in terms of their ability to fertilise ova, resulting in higher rates of embryos hatching and several individuals reaching sexual maturity. We have demonstrated that sperm cryopreservation and subsequent offspring generation via IVF is a feasible conservation tool for L. aurea and other threatened amphibians.
On the geometry of Petrov type II spacetimes
Authors: Aksteiner Steffen , Andersson Lars , Araneda Bernardo , Whiting Bernard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In general, geometries of Petrov type II do not admit symmetries in terms of Killing vectors or spinors. We introduce a weaker form of Killing equations which do admit solutions. In particular, there is an analog of the Penrose–Walker Killing spinor. Some of its properties, including associated conservation laws, are discussed. Perturbations of Petrov type II Einstein geometries in terms of a complex scalar Debye potential yield complex solutions to the linearized Einstein equations. The complex linearized Weyl tensor is shown to be half Petrov type N. The remaining curvature component on the algebraically special side is reduced to a first order differential operator acting on the potential.
Two photon pumped nanowire laser based on all inorganic perovskite with high exciton binding energy grown by physical vapor deposition
Authors: Sun Mingfei , Wang Jian , Li Qicong , Jia Xiaohao , Huang Zhitao , Sun Jiaqian , Chu Kaiwen , Liu Kong , Jin Peng , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cesium lead halide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanomaterials exhibit attractive optical properties, particularly in higher nonlinear optical effects and larger multiphoton absorption efficiency, compared with conventional semiconductors. The unique feature of stable lasing action under photon pumping conditions grants such materials great potential in photonics. Herein, through an in-depth study of the growing mechanism, all-inorganic perovskite nanomaterials with a high crystalline quality and tunable morphologies were synthesized, by a modified physical vapor deposition procedure. The prepared nanowire laser not only presents a high-performance laser output under single-photon pumping conditions, but also maintains decent behavior under two-photon pumping conditions. Importantly, the temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy test of the nanowires reveals that the high exciton binding energy, twice as large as the thermal disturbance at room temperature, is the dominant reason for maintaining stable lasing under high energy density injection conditions.
Mid-infrared adaptive thermal camouflage using a phase-change material coupled dielectric nanoantenna
Authors: Buhara Ebru , Ghobadi Amir , Khalichi Bahram , Kocer Hasan , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, camouflage technology has attracted researchers’ attention in a large variety of thermal applications. As a special phase change material (PCM), vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an excellent candidate for the studies conducted on thermal camouflage technology. VO2 has a transition from the insulator phase to the metal phase with the increase of the temperature. With regards to this unique feature, VO2 can contribute dynamic properties to the camouflage design. In this paper, a PCM–dielectric based metamaterial mid-infrared adaptive thermal camouflage nanoantenna is designed to perfectly mimic the atmospheric windows. The adaptive property of the proposed structure is obtained by using an ultrathin VO2 interlayer embedded within the grating. The spectral responses of the structure are computed using the finite difference time domain method, and the invisibility of the structure is proved using power calculations in the different mid-infrared regions.
Magnetoelectric control of antiferromagnetic domain state in Cr2O3 thin film
Authors: Shiratsuchi Yu , Toyoki Kentaro , Nakatani Ryoichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) effect is a type of cross-coupling between unconjugated physical quantities, such as the interplay between magnetization and electric field. The ME effect requires simultaneous breaking of spatial and time inversion symmetries, and it sometimes appears in specific antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulators. In recent years, there has been a growing interest for applying the ME effect to spintronic devices, where the effect is utilized as an input method for the digital information. In this article, we review the recent progress of this scheme mainly based on our own achievements. We particularly focus on several fundamental issues, including the ME control of the AFM domain state, which is detectable through the perpendicular exchange bias polarity. The progress made in understanding the switching mechanism, interpretation of the switching energy, switching dynamics, and finally, the future prospects are included.
Lung cancer risk and effective dose coefficients for radon: UNSCEAR review and ICRP conclusions
Authors: Harrison J D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) has provided a detailed and authoritative update of its reviews of the epidemiology and dosimetry of radon and progeny. Lifetime risk of lung cancer calculated using data for several miner cohorts were 2.4–7.5 × 10−4 per working level month (WLM) of radon-222 progeny exposure for a mixed male/female population and 3.0–9.6 × 10−4 per WLM for a male population. Dosimetric models gave mean values of effective dose coefficients from radon-222 progeny of 12 mSv per WLM for mines, 16 mSv per WLM for indoor workplaces and 11 mSv per WLM for homes. The lifetime risk coefficient used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is 5 × 10−4 per WLM and it has recently recommended an effective dose coefficient for radon-222 and progeny of 3 mSv per mJ h m−3 (about 10 mSv per WLM) for most circumstances of exposure. The ICRP risk and dose coefficients are supported by the UNSCEAR review and provide a clear and firm basis for current international advice and standards for protection from radon. Notwithstanding this evidence and the ICRP advice, UNSCEAR will continue to use a lower value of effective dose coefficient of 5.7 mSv per WLM for assessments of population exposures.
Resistive pulse sensing device with embedded nanochannel (nanochannel-RPS) for label-free biomolecule and bionanoparticle analysis
Authors: Han Ziyu , Liu Jiantao , Liu Zhanning , Pan Wenwei , Yang Yang , Chen Xuejiao , Gao Yunhua , Duan Xuexin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper reports an IC-compatible method for fabricating a PDMS-based resistive pulse sensing (RPS) device with embedded nanochannel (nanochannel-RPS) for label-free analysis of biomolecules and bionanoparticles, such as plasmid DNAs and exosomes. Here, a multilayer lithography process was proposed to fabricate the PDMS mold for the microfluidic device, comprising a bridging nanochannel, as the sensing gate. RPS was performed by placing the sensing and excitation electrodes symmetrically upstream and downstream of the sensing gate. In order to reduce the noise level, a reference electrode was designed and placed beside the excitation electrode. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed nanochannel-RPS device and sensing system, polystyrene micro- and nanoparticles with diameters of 1μm and 300 nm were tested by the proposed device with signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) ranging from 9.1–30.5 and 2.2–5.9, respectively. Furthermore, a nanochannel with height of 300 nm was applied for 4 kb plasmid DNA detection, implying the potential of the proposed method for label-free quantification of nanoscale biomolecules. Moreover, HeLa cell exosomes, known as a well-studied subtype of extracellular vesicles, were measured and analyzed by their size distribution. The result of the resistive pulse amplitude corresponded well to that of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The proposed nanochannel-RPS device and the sensing strategy are not only capable of label-free analysis for nanoscale biomolecules and bionanoparticles, but are also cost-effective for large-scale manufacturing.
Investigation of the effect of acquisition schemes on time-resolved magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Li Tian , Cui Di , Ren Ge , Hui Edward S , Cai Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of different acquisition methods for time-resolved magnetic resonance fingerprinting (TR-MRF) in computer simulation. Methods. An extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom is used to generate abdominal T1, T2, and proton density maps for MRF simulation. The simulated MRF technique consists of an IR-FISP MRF sequence with spiral trajectory acquisition. MRF maps were simulated with different numbers of repetitions from 1 to 15. Three different methods were used to generate TR-MRF maps: (1) continuous acquisition without delay between MRF repetitions; (2) continuous acquisition with 5 s delay between MRF repetitions; (3) triggered acquisition with variable delay between MRF repetitions to allow the next acquisition to start at different respiration phase. After the generation of TR-MRF maps, the image quality indexes including the absolute T1 and T2 values, signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), tumor-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio, error in the amplitude of diaphragm motion and tumor volume error were used to evaluate the reconstructed parameter maps. Three volunteers were recruited to test the feasibility of the selected acquisition method. Results. Dynamic MR parametric maps using three different acquisition methods were estimated. The overall and liver T1 value error, liver SNR in T1 and T2 maps, and tumor SNR from T1 maps from triggered method is statistically significantly better than the other two methods (p-value < 0.05). The other image quality indexes have no significant difference between the triggered method and the other two continuous acquisition methods. All image quality indexes exhibit no significant difference between the acquisition methods with 0 s and 5 s delay. The triggered method was successfully performed in three healthy volunteers. Conclusion. TR-MRF technique was investigated using three different acquisition methods in computer simulation where the triggered method showed better performance than the other two methods. The triggered method has been tested successfully in healthy volunteers.