bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilizing sorghum genetic diversity: Biochemical and histological‐assisted design of a stem ideotype for biomethane production
Authors: Thomas Hélène Laurence , Pot David , Jaffuel Sylvie , Verdeil Jean‐Luc , Baptiste Christelle , Bonnal Laurent , Trouche Gilles , Bastianelli Denis , Latrille Eric , Berger Angélique , Calatayud Caroline , Chauvergne Céline , Rossard Virginie , Jeanson Patrice , Alcouffe Joël , Carrère Hélène 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSorghum currently contributes to the species portfolio that is supporting bioenergy production including anaerobic digestion. Although agro‐morphological ideotypes maximizing biogas production have been recently proposed, there is a crucial need to refine our understanding of the impacts of the stem composition and structure on this processing trait in order to ensure genetic gains in the mid to long terms. This study aims to assess the potential of Sorghum bicolor ssp bicolor stem genetic diversity to maximize genetic gains for biogas production and define a biogas stem ideotype. In this context, a panel of 57 genotypes, encompassing most of the stem composition variability available in cultivated sorghum, was characterized over five sites. Simultaneous histological and biochemical characterizations were performed. A high broad sense heritability associated with a moderate genetic variability was detected for stem biogas potential ensuring significant genetic gains in the future. In addition, the development of a stem histological phenotyping pipeline made it possible to describe the genetic diversity available for the internode anatomy and the repartition of key cell wall components. Consistently with previous studies, moderate to high heritability was observed for stem biochemical components. Genetic correlation, hierarchical clustering, and multiple stepwise regression analyses identified soluble sugar content as the first main driver of biogas potential genetic variability. Nevertheless, breeding programs should anticipate that biogas yield improvement will also rely on the monitoring of the cell wall components and their distribution in the stem jointly with the soluble sugar content. According to the assets of sorghum in terms of adaptation to environmental stresses and the present results regarding the identification of stem ideotypes suitable for different value chains, this species will surely play a key role to optimize the economic and environmental sustainability of the agrosystems that are currently facing the effects of climate change.
Association between psychosocial determinants of adverse childhood experiences and severe early childhood caries among First Nations children
Authors: Tsai Wan Ting , Lawrence Herenia Procopio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo determine whether psychosocial determinants of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), from pregnancy to 2 years old, are associated with severe early childhood caries (S‐ECC) in Indigenous children.DesignSecondary data analyses from an ECC prevention trial among 344 First Nations mother‐child dyads living on‐ and off‐reserve in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada. Stratified (on‐/off‐reserve) logistic regression, controlling for mother's age and income source, assessed three categories of psychosocial ACE determinants: alcohol/drug misuse, household financial hardship (overcrowding and food insecurity) and emotional/social well‐being (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐14), sense of personal control (SOC), social support, subjective social status).ResultsHousehold overcrowding [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.89 (95% CI: 1.06–3.38)], food insecurity [AOR = 2.86 (1.53–5.34)] and mothers’ high perceived stress [AOR = 2.48 (1.40–4.37)] were associated with S‐ECC (dmft > 9) for those on‐reserve. Maternal SOC had a protective effect for off‐reserve children [AOR = 0.17 (0.03–0.95)].ConclusionsIncreased efforts to reduce psychosocial ACE determinants are paramount to decreasing Indigenous children's vulnerability to S‐ECC.
Home health agency adoption of quality improvement activities and association with performance
Authors: Shetty Kanaka D. , Robbins Michael W. , Saliba Debra , Campbell Kyle N. , Castora‐Binkley Melissa , Damberg Cheryl L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Home Health Quality Reporting Program (HHQRP) uses performance measurement to spur improvements in home health agencies' (HHAs') quality of care. We examined quality improvement (QI) activities HHAs reported making to improve on HHQRP quality measures, and whether reported QI activities were associated with better measure performance.MethodsWe used responses (N = 1052) from a Web‐ and mail‐based survey of a stratified random sample of HHAs included in CMS Home Health Compare in October 2019. We estimated national adoption rates for 27 possible QI activities related to organizational culture, health information technology, care process redesign, provider incentives, provider training, changes to staffing responsibilities, performance monitoring, and measure‐specific QI initiatives and technical assistance. We used multivariate linear regression to examine the associations between HHA characteristics and QI adoption, and between QI adoption and CMS Home Health Quality of Patient Care Star Rating.ResultsHHAs reported implementing an average of 16 QI activities (interquartile range 11–19 activities). Larger HHA size was associated with adopting 1.6 additional QI activities (p < 0.001). HHAs with higher proportions of disabled, black, or Hispanic patients adopted QI activities at similar or higher rates as other HHAs. Of the 27 QI activities, 23 were considered helpful by more than 80% of adopting HHAs. Compared with adopting 44% of QI activities (10th percentile among HHAs), adopting 89% of QI activities (90th percentile) was associated with a 0.4‐star higher Star Rating (95% confidence interval 0.2–0.6).ConclusionsHHAs report implementing a significant number of QI activities in response to CMS measurement programs; implementation of a greater number of activities is associated with better performance on publicly reported measures. To guide future HHA QI investments, work is needed to identify the optimal combination of QI activities and the specific QI activities that yield the greatest performance improvements.
Hepatic lesions in captive owl monkeys (Aotus infulatus) with ultrasonographic “starry sky” liver
Authors: de Souza Alex Junior Souza , Coutinho Leandro Nassar , Silva Wellington Bandeira da , Imbeloni Aline Amaral , Carneiro Liliane Almeida , Kanashiro‐Galo Luciane , Hagen Stefano Carlo Filippo , Malheiros Andreza Pinheiro , Sá Lilian Rose Marques de 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe “starry sky” (SK) liver is ultrasonographic pattern characterized by multiple hyperechogenic foci in hepatic parenchyma. The study aimed to characterize the microscopic hepatic lesions in captive owl monkeys with SK liver.MethodsThirty‐seven clinically healthy owl monkeys had their liver scanned and 18 of them had liver biopsy. Animals with SK and peliosis hepatis (PH) were subjected to immunohistochemical and molecular screening for Bartonella spp.ResultsSK liver occurred in 59.4% (22/37) of the owl monkeys. Biopsied animals showed steatosis, hydropic degeneration, hemosiderosis, PH, and multifocal granulomatous hepatitis. Two monkeys had SK, granulomatous hepatitis, and PH which were negative for Bartonella spp.ConclusionsPH and granulomatous hepatitis associated with hepatocellular degenerative lesions may present as hyperechoic nodular liver lesions consisted of SK liver; therefore, concomitant occurrence of two lesions or more contributed to the hepatic SK pattern among owl monkeys and such cases might be clinically monitored.
Dimensional study of prostate cancer using stereological tools
Authors: Santamaría Luis , Ingelmo Ildefonso , Teba Fernando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the dimensional changes of the glands from prostate cancer by applying stereology to estimate the variations in volume, length, surface, and cellular densities of tumor acini. Normal and tumor acini were visualized using immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin18. On immunostained sections, parameters related to the dimensions and cell population of prostate acini were measured. The immunohistochemical expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen was also measured to correlate the quantitative changes estimated with the proliferative activity of the epithelium. The average cell volume in normal and tumor epithelium was estimated using the method of the nucleator. The relative size of the acini was similar in the carcinoma compared with the normal prostate. Within the acini, the fraction of acinar volume occupied by the epithelium was significantly higher in cancer than in the nontumor prostate. Conversely, the glandular lumen of the cancer acini is lower than in the normal acini. The significant increase of acinar length density in the carcinoma indicates that the glandular tree's growth in the carcinoma is higher and with more branches than in the case of nonneoplastic glands. The basal surface density is higher in the carcinoma than in the controls. The number of epithelial cells per unit length of acini was significantly decreased in the neoplastic glands. This "dilution" of the cell population along the cancer acinus can be explained by the significant increase in the tumor cell's mean cell volume.
A machine‐learning algorithm for the reliable identification of oral lichen planus
Authors: Idrees Majdy , Farah Camile S. , Shearston Kate , Kujan Omar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common oral disorder which shares clinical and histopathological features with other lichenoid lesions, leading to considerable inter‐observer disagreement. This negatively impacts understanding of the pathogenesis and malignant transformation potential of this condition.MethodsArtificial intelligence was employed to create a machine‐learning artificial neural network to identify and quantify mononuclear cells and granulocytes within the inflammatory infiltrates in digitized hematoxylin and eosin microscopic slides. Twenty‐four regions of interest were extracted from OLP cases for learning purposes and validated on a retrospective cohort of 130 cases. All cases were related to patients with confirmed diagnoses of OLP, oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs), or oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) with lichenoid host response.ResultsThe number of inflammatory cells was statistically significantly higher in OLP compared to OLLs or OED with lichenoid host response (p < 0.0005). The proposed machine‐learning method was reliably capable of detecting OLP cases based on the number of inflammatory cells and the number of mononuclear cells with an area under the curve of 0.982 and 0.988, respectively. Identifying a cut‐off point between OLP and other lichenoid conditions based on the number of mononuclear cells showed a sensitivity of 100% and an accuracy of 94.62%.ConclusionArtificial intelligence has shown promising outcomes and provides a robust approach to enhance the accuracy of anatomical pathologists in accurately diagnosing OLP using features of disease pathogenesis.
Behavioral and neural correlates of social network size: The unique and common contributions of face recognition and extraversion
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhen Zonglei , Xu Shan , Li Jingguang , Song Yiying , Liu Jia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesHumans are inherently social creatures and can gain advantages from larger network size. Researches have shown that different cognitive and personality factors may result in individual differences of social network size (SNS). Here, we focused on whether face recognition ability and extraversion were related to SNS and the neural basis underlying the relations.MethodsBehaviorally, we adopted the face‐inversion task, NEO personality inventory, and computerized SNS test to explore the relationships between face recognition, extraversion, and SNS. Neurally, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) analysis method to investigate the neural correlates of SNS and then revealed whether face recognition and extraversion were related to SNS relevant brain regions.ResultsWe found that individuals with better face recognition ability and more extraverted personality had larger size of social network. In addition, we found that SNS was positively associated with the fALFF in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), right superior temporal sulcus, and precuneus. Interestingly, the fALFF in the vmPFC significantly correlated with face recognition ability.ConclusionsOur study suggests that both face recognition and extraversion may be important correlates of SNS, and the underlying spontaneous neural substrates are partially dissociable.
The biased nature of philosophical beliefs in the light of peer disagreement
Authors: Bernáth László , Tőzsér János 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis essay presents an argument, which it calls the Bias Argument, with the dismaying conclusion that (almost) everyone should significantly reduce her confidence in (too many) philosophical beliefs. More precisely, the argument attempts to show that the most precious philosophical beliefs are biased, as the pervasive and permanent disagreement among the leading experts in philosophy cannot be explained by the differences between their evidence bases and competences. After a short introduction, the premises of the Bias Argument are spelled out in the first part. The second part explains why the objections to the Bias Argument are not compelling. Even though the essay does not adopt the conclusion of the Bias Argument, partly because it seems to be self‐defeating, the authors know no plausible way to refute its premises. Thus, the primary aim of the essay is to clarify why theaporeticsituation of the Bias Argument arises.
In search of scientific objectivity: Is there such a property for paediatric concussion?
Authors: Ramsay Scott 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConcussions are a significant public health problem worldwide. This brain injury is problematic in the paediatric population for a variety of reasons; however, the enquiry into these problems has been mainly through the biomedical perspective. This approach has impacted nursing knowledge and practice of children and youth with a concussion, primarily since other perspectives are viewed as not being objective. In this manuscript, I draw on Thomas Kuhn's view of objectivity to evaluate the biomedical perspective of concussion. I utilize current research and clinical examples to illustrate the advantages and drawbacks of this perspective for nursing. From this discussion, I propose an alternative perspective to capture the complexity of paediatric concussions for nursing, a systems perspective. Although I argue for an alternative perspective to approach paediatric concussions for nursing, I maintain that the biomedical perspective can be incorporated as one part of nursing knowledge and practice for paediatric concussion.
Environmental injustice: Fracking
Authors: Tyree Tammy L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndividuals have rights not only to health care but also to a safe environment including clean water sources and ambient air. These rights should be protected regardless of demographic variables. Unfortunately, there are injustices that infringe upon these human rights including the hydraulic fracturing of shale rock or “fracking.” Fracking is a technique that is used to release trapped oil and gas from shale to be used as an energy source. Fracking has been shown to contaminate surrounding air and water sources. Fracking wells are disproportionately located in areas of poverty and minority. While areas of fracking can temporarily boost the local economy, there are risks to the environment and the community. Systems need to be in place to protect the affected communities. The vulnerable and poor populations need to be protected and should have input into the location of these fracking wells. In addition, nurses need to be knowledgeable of this type of environmental injustice, be active politically, and advocate for the rights of the affected populations. Nurses have a responsibility to educate ourselves, stay abreast of current affairs and policies regarding fracking, and educate patients on the health risks of fracking so that we as a group and our patients can advocate for environment justice for vulnerable populations.
Is it a four‐star movement? Policy transformation and the U.S. women's national soccer team's campaign for equal pay
Authors: English Ashley 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn 2019, the U.S.Women's soccer team (USWNT) sold shirts claiming “It's not a moment, it is a four‐star movement,” positioning the team as leaders of a transformative movement for equal pay that would benefit all women. Were they?MethodDrawing on the gender and public policy and agenda setting literatures, I use the players’ statements about the team's wage discrimination case, and members of Congress' (MCs) speeches to analyze whether the USWNT's case promoted transformative changes in the enforcement of American equal pay policies.ResultsThe players and MCs failed to use the USWNT's case to promote a shared transformative call for changes in equal pay enforcement policies. Both the team and the MCs also prioritized the broad concerns of women and girls over the diversity of women's experiences with wage discrimination.ConclusionThe players’ case and MCs' responses to it indicate that this case of policy‐focused athlete activism did not promote transformative enforcement changes.
Design and Analysis of an Aircraft Thermal Management System Linked to a Low Bypass Ratio Turbofan Engine
Authors: Clark Robert A. , Shi Mingxuan , Gladin Jonathan , Mavris Dimitri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The design of an aircraft thermal management system (TMS) that is capable of rejecting heat loads into the bypass stream of a typical low-bypass ratio turbofan engine, or a ram-air stream, is investigated. The TMS consists of an air cycle system, similar to the typical air cycle machines used on current aircraft, both military and commercial. This system turbocharges compressor bleed air and uses heat exchangers in a ram air stream, or the engine bypass stream, to cool the engine bleed air prior to expanding it to low temperatures suitable for heat rejection. In this study, a simple low-bypass ratio afterburning turbofan engine was modeled in numerical propulsion system simulation to provide boundary conditions to the TMS system throughout the flight envelope of a typical military fighter aircraft. Two variations of the TMS system, a ram air cooled and a bypass air cooled, were sized to handle a given demanded aircraft heat load. The ability of the sized TMS to reject the demanded aircraft load throughout several key off-design points was analyzed. It was observed that the maximum load dissipation capability of the TMS is tied to the amount of engine bleed flow, while the level of bleed flow required is set by the temperature conditions imposed by the aircraft cooling system. Notably, engine bypass stream temperatures significantly limit the thermodynamic viability of a TMS designed with bypass air as the heat sink. The results demonstrate the advantage that variable cycle engines (VCEs) may have for future aircraft designs.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Dynamic Bearing Properties of a Four-Pad and Eight-Pad Tilting Pad Journal Bearings in a Vertical Rotor
Authors: Benti Gudeta Berhanu , Rondon David , Gustavsson Rolf , Aidanpää Jan-Olov 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the dynamics of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJB) with four and eight pads are studied and compared experimentally and numerically. The experiments are performed on a rigid vertical rotor supported by two identical bearings. Two sets of experiments are carried out under a similar test setup. One set is performed on a rigid rotor with two four-pad bearings, while the other is on a rigid rotor with two eight-pad bearings. The dynamic properties of the two bearing types are compared with each other by studying the unbalance response of the system at different rotor speeds. Numerically, the test rig is modeled as a rigid rotor and the bearing coefficients are calculated based on Navier–Stokes equation. A nonlinear bearing model is developed and used in the steady-state response simulation. The measured and simulated displacement and force orbits show similar patterns for both bearing types. Compared to the measurement, the simulated mean value and range (peak-to-peak amplitude) of the bearing force deviate with a maximum of 16% and 38%, respectively. It is concluded that, unlike the eight-pad TPJB, the four-pad TPJB excites the system at the third- and fifth-order frequencies, which are due to the number of pads, and the amplitudes of these frequencies increase with the rotor speed.
Engineering Design of Battery Module for EVs: Comprehensive Framework Development Based on DFT, Topology Optimization, Machine Learning, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization and Digital Twins
Authors: Ghosh Nitika , Garg Akhil , Li Wei , Gao Liang , Nguyen-Thoi T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Battery technology has been a hot spot for many researchers lately. Electrochemical researchers have been focusing on the synthesis and design of battery materials; researchers in the field of electronics have been studying the simulation and design of battery management system (BMS); whereas mechanical engineers have been dealing with structural safety and thermal management strategies for batteries. However, overcoming battery limitation in only one or two domains will not design an efficient battery pack as it requires an integrated framework. So far, there are few research studies that circumscribed all the multi-disciplinary aspects (cell material selection, cell-electrode design, cell clustering, state of health (SOH) estimation, thermal management, cell monitoring and recycling) simultaneously for battery packs in electric vehicles (EVs). This paper presents a holistic engineering design and simulation strategy for a future advanced battery pack and its parts by assimilating paradigmatic solutions for cell material selection, component design, cell clustering, thermal management, battery monitoring and recycling aspects of the battery and its components. The developed framework has been proposed based on DFT based cell material selection, topology design based cell-electrode design, machine learning (ML) based SOH estimation along with multi-disciplinary design optimization based liquid cooling system. The proposed framework also highlights the optimal configuration of cells using ML algorithms and multi-objective optimization of cell-assembly parameters. The role of digital twins for real-time and faster acquisition of data has been highlighted for the advanced and futuristic battery pack designs. Furthermore, preliminary investigation of robot assisted disassembly and recycling of battery packs has been summarized. Each proposed methodology has been discussed in detail, along with the advantages and limitations. Critical research orientations are also discussed in the end.