bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement and validity of electronic patient self-triage (eTriage) with nurse triage in two UK emergency departments: a retrospective study
Authors: Dickson Sarah J. , Dewar Colin , Richardson Amelia , Hunter Alex , Searle Steve , Hodgson Luke E. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Triage and redirection of patients to alternative care providers is one tool used to overcome the growing issue of crowding in emergency departments (EDs). Electronic patient self-triage (eTriage) may reduce waiting times and required face-to-face contact. There are limited studies into its efficacy, accuracy and validity in an ED setting.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the agreement and validity of eTriage with a reference standard of nurse face-to-face triage. A secondary aim was to assess the ability of both systems to predict high and low acuity outcomes.

Design
This was a retrospective study conducted over 8 months in two UK hospitals. Inclusion criteria were all ambulatory patients aged ≥18. All patients completed an eTriage and nurse-led triage using the Manchester Triage System (MTS).

Main Results
During the study period, 43 788 adult patients attended one of the two ED sites and 26 757 used eTriage. A total of 1424 patient episodes had no recorded MTS and were excluded from the study leaving 25 333 paired triages for the final cohort. Agreement between eTriage and nurse triage was low with a weighted Kappa coefficient of 0.14 (95% CI, 0.14–0.15) with an associated weak positive correlation (rs 0.321). Level of undertriage by eTriage compared with nurse triage was 10.1%, and overtriage was 59.2%. The sensitivity for prediction of high acuity outcomes was 88.5% (95% CI, 77.9–95.3%) for eTriage and 53.8% (95% CI 41.1–66.0%) for nurse MTS. The specificity for predicting low risk patients was 88.5% (95% CI, 87.4–89.5%) for eTriage and 80.6% (95% CI, 79.3–81.8%) for nurse MTS.

Conclusion
Agreement and correlation of eTriage with the reference standard of nurse MTS was low; patients using eTriage tended to over triage when compared to the triage nurse. eTriage had a higher sensitivity for high acuity presentations and demonstrated similar specificity for low acuity presentations when compared to triage nurse MTS. Further work is necessary to validate eTriage as a potential tool for safe redirection of ED attenders to alternative care providers.
Patients and Procedures of Facial Gender Confirmation Surgery: A NSQIP Study
Authors: Murphy Alexander I. , Asadourian Paul A. , Marano Andrew A. , Rohde Christine H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Various recent developments, including legislation in 2014 banning healthcare discrimination against gender minorities, have contributed to expanding insurance coverage for gender-affirming care, which includes facial gender confirmation surgery (FGCS). Increasing evidence suggests FGCS improves quality-of-life outcomes, but literature evaluating FGCS patient demographics, surgical risk factors, procedures, and complications is limited. Therefore, the authors conducted a study of a national surgical database from 2005 to 2019 attempting to fill in these literature gaps. Statistics were used to assess temporal trends after 2014. A total of 203 FGCS cases were identified, with the earliest occurring in 2013. Case volume increased annually from 2015–2019. The average patient age was 34.0 years and racial demographics largely mirrored national estimates for the transgender/non-binary population. Obesity (20.7%) and hypertension (3.9%) were the only patient co-morbidities, although a relatively high proportion were underweight (5.4%). The majority of cases were outpatient procedures (66.5%) conducted by either plastic surgery (38.9%) or otolaryngology (61.1%). Comparing FGCSs by anatomic site, the proportion of tracheal procedures decreased between 2015–17 and 2018–19 (25.6% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.0002) whereas the proportion of brow/forehead reconstructions increased (32.6% versus 63.1%, P = 0.0005). These changes coincided with an increase in mean operative time (168.6 minutes versus 260.0, P = 0.0002). Complications were rare (3.9%), and the most common was surgical site infection (3.4%), a previously unreported outcome in the FGCS literature. Overall, FGCS patients are mostly young healthy individuals from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds, and they have few surgical complications. The increasing volume and complexity of FGCSs may be a result of expanding insurance coverage for previously unaffordable procedures.
Presurgical Assessment of Anatomical Landmark Position Using Two Views of Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Comparative Radiological Study
Authors: Al-Ghurabi Zainab H. , Mohammed Heba Basim , Hassan Thair Abdel Lateef 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Cone beam computerized computed tomography (CBCT) has been widely indicated in dental implant procedure. The first step that the doctors should perform in local hospitals is to use orthopantomography for surgical planning to avoid and limit the risk of complications. As a result, determining the magnification amount of orthopantomography to achieve a precise diagnosis is clinically important. This study investigated the difference in measurement of the mental foramen (MF) position before dental surgery using 2 views of CBCT.

Materials and Methods:
Cone beam computed tomography scan was performed for 100 patients who required implant placement. In the panoramic and three-dimensional views of CBCT, the vertical distance between the margin of the mandible and the lower border of MF, and the horizontal distance between the mandibular symphysis and the mesial anterior border of MF were calculated. The differences between the 2 views were compared using Wilcoxon-rank U test with P value ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:
The findings of this study showed a substantial statistical difference in the horizontal distance for the dentate patients in panoramic and three-dimensional views (22.7 ± 3.04 versus 21.1 ± 1.6), (22.5 ± 2.4 versus 20.9 ± 1.5) and left side (22.4 ± 2.8 versus 21.2 ± 1.6), (22.4 ± 2.8 versus 20.6 ± 1.4) of both genders. Concerning the vertical distance, a significant difference was also observed in the dentate (12.1 ± 2.1 versus 11.1 ± 1.4), (10.6 ± 1.4 versus 9.6 ± 1.3) and left side of the jaw (11.6 ± 1.95 versus 10.9 ± 1.2), (10.5 ± 1.2 versus 9.96 ± 1.4) for both genders in both views. In the edentulous and right side of the jaw, however no statistical difference was observed between male and female patients in terms of horizontal and vertical measurements.
Peripheral Osteoma of the Zygoma
Authors: Kim Jong-Ho , Choi Jinil , Kim Baek-Kyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Osteoma is a benign, slow growing lesion that consists of compact or cancellous bone. Three types of osteomas could be classified: the central osteoma arising from the endosteum, the peripheral osteoma from the periosteum, and the extraskeletal soft tissue osteoma. in the craniofacial region, peripheral osteomas of the zygoma are quite rare. A literature review identified 7 cases of zygomatic arch and 3 cases of zygomatic body. This is the first report of zygomatic osteoma that was endoscopically removed. This report presents a rare case of osteoma of the zygoma and its endoscopic approach. The authors were able to confirm that endo-scopic approach of this zygomatic osteoma was safe and effective surgical choice.
Influence of Built Environment on Bike Sharing Usage under COVID-19
Authors: Yang Hongtai , Guo Zishuo , Huo Jinghai , Yang Linchuan 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBike sharing, as an important component of urban public transportation, has played a more important role during the COVID-19 pandemic because users could ride bikes in open space and avoid the risk of infection. Leveraging the trip data of the Divvy bike sharing system in Chicago, this study sets to explore the change of ridership that COVID-19 has brought and the built environment factors that influence the spatial variation of ridership under the pandemic. Results show that the ridership declines by xx% in total. To account for the spatially heterogeneous relationship between the built environment and the ridership, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model and the semi-parametric GWR (S-GWR) model are constructed. By comparing the model results, we find that the S-GWR model outperforms the GWR and the multiple linear regression model. The results of the S-GWR model indicates that education employment density, distance to subway, COVID-19 cases and ridership before COVID-19 are global variables. The ridership between residential density, office employment density and the ridership vary across space. The results of this study could provide useful reference to transportation planners and bike sharing operators to determine the high bike sharing demand area under the pandemic and to make adjustment on the locations and capacity of the stations and the rebalancing schemes accordingly.
Performance of temporal and spatial ICA in identifying and removing low-frequency physiological and motion effects in resting-state fMRI
Authors: Golestani Ali M , Chen J. Jean 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEffective separation of signal from noise (including physiological processes and head motion) is one of the chief challenges for improving the sensitivity and specificity of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) measurements and has a profound impact when these noise sources vary between populations. Independent component analysis (ICA) is an approach for addressing these challenges. Conventionally, due to the lower amount of temporal than spatial information in rs-fMRI data, spatial ICA (sICA) is the method of choice. However, with recent developments in accelerated fMRI acquisitions, the temporal information is becoming enriched to the point that the temporal ICA (tICA) has become more feasible. This is particularly relevant as physiological processes and motion exhibit very different spatial and temporal characteristics when it comes to rs-fMRI applications, leading us to conduct a comparison of the performance of sICA and tICA in addressing these types of noise. In this study, we embrace the novel practice of using theory (simulations) to guide our interpretation of empirical data. We find empirically that sICA can identify more noise-related signal components than tICA. However, on the merit of functional-connectivity results, we find that while sICA is more adept at reducing whole-brain motion effects, tICA performs better in dealing with physiological effects. These interpretations are corroborated by our simulation results. The overall message of this study is that if ICA denoising is to be used for rs-fMRI, there is merit in considering a hybrid approach in which physiological and motion-related noise are each corrected for using their respective best-suited ICA approach.Impact StatementResting-state fMRI is influenced by low-frequency physiological noise and head motion. Independent component analysis (ICA) is becoming increasingly relied on for reducing these influences, but the utility of spatial and temporal ICA remains unclear. We conducted a comparison of the performance of these two ICA types, using physiological-noise and motion time courses as reference. We found that spatial ICA is more adept at reducing motion effects, while temporal ICA performs better in dealing with physiological effects. We believe these findings provide much-needed clarity on the role of ICA, and recommend using a hybrid of tICA and sICA as a paradigm shift in resting-state fMRI.
Homeostatic regulation of presynaptic NMDA receptor subunit composition modulates action potential driven Ca2+ influx into boutons setting the bandwidth for information transfer
Authors: Schmidt Carla C. , Tong Rudi , Emptage Nigel J. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryN-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a pivotal role in both short and long-term plasticity. While the functional role of postsynaptic NMDARs is well established, a framework of presynaptic NMDAR (preNMDAR) function is missing. Differences in subunit composition of preNMDARs are documented at central synapses, raising the possibility that subtype composition plays a role in transmission performance. Here, we use electrophysiological recordings at Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapses and Ca2+ imaging coupled to focal glutamate uncaging at boutons of CA3 pyramidal neurones to reveal two populations of presynaptic NMDARs that contain either the GluN2A or GluN2B subunit. Activation of the GluN2B population decreases action potential (AP)-evoked Ca2+ influx via modulation of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK-channels) while activation of the GluN2A containing population does the opposite. Moreover, the level of functional expression of each receptor population can be homeostatically modified, bidirectionally affecting short-term facilitation during burst firing, thus providing a capacity for a fine adjustment of the presynaptic integration time window and therefore the bandwidth of information transfer.
Global Epigenetic Analysis Reveals H3K27 Methylation as a Mediator of Double Strand Break Repair
Authors: Lutze Julian , Wolfgeher Donald , Kron Stephen J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe majority of cancer patients is treated with ionizing radiation (IR), a relatively safe and effective treatment considered to target tumors by inducing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Despite clinical interest in increasing the efficacy of IR by preventing successful DSB repair, few effective radio-adjuvant therapies exist. Extensive literature suggests that chromatin modifiers play a role in the DSB repair and thus may represent a novel class of radiosensitizers. Indeed, chromatin has both local and global impacts on DSB formation, recognition of breaks, checkpoint signaling, recruitment of repair factors, and timely DSB resolution, suggesting that epigenetic deregulation in cancer may impact the efficacy of radiotherapy. Here, using tandem mass spectrometry proteomics to analyze global patterns of histone modification in MCF7 breast cancer cells following IR exposure, we find significant and long-lasting changes to the epigenome. Our results confirm that H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), best known for mediating gene repression and regulating cell fate, increases after IR. H3K27me3 changes rapidly, accumulating at sites of DNA damage. Inhibitors of the Polycomb related complex subunit and H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 confirm that H3K27me3 is necessary for DNA damage recognition and cell survival after IR. These studies provide an argument for evaluating EZH2 as a radiosensitization target and H3K27me3 as a marker for radiation response in cancer. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019388.
Dynamic analysis of source-based preferences: the case of imported beer in China
Authors: Muhammad Andrew , Delmond Anthony R. , Nti Frank K. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeChinese beer consumption has undergone major changes within the last decade. The combination of a growing middle class and greater exposure to foreign products has resulted in a significant increase in beer imports. The authors examined transformations in this market and how beer preferences have changed over time. This study focuses on changes is origin-specific preferences (e.g. German beer and Mexican beer) as reflected by habit formation (i.e. dynamic consumption patterns) and changes in demand sensitivity to expenditure and prices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimated Chinese beer demand – differentiated by source – using a generalized dynamic demand model that accounted for habit formation and trends, as well as the immediate and long-run effects of expenditures and prices on demand. The authors employed a rolling regression procedure that allowed for model estimates to vary with time. Preference changes were inferred from the changing demand estimates, with a particular focus on changes in habit formation, expenditure allocating behaviour, and own-price responsiveness.FindingsResults suggest that Chinese beer preferences have changed significantly over the last decade, increasing for Mexican beer, Dutch beer and Belgian beer. German beer once dominated the Chinese market. However, all indicators suggest that German beer preferences are declining.Originality/valueAlthough China is the world's third largest beer importing country behind the United States and France. Few studies have focused on this market. While dynamic analyses of alcoholic beverage demand are not new, this is the first study to examine the dynamics of imported beer preferences in China and implications for exporting countries.
The roles of school principals and head teachers in mitigating potential learning loss in the online setting: calls for change
Authors: Alsaleh Amal Abdulwahab 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study investigated the roles and perspectives of head teachers and principals in regard to the potential for learning loss in the online setting, with a particular focus on conditions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Kuwait. It also addresses leadership roles and gathered organizational suggestions.Design/methodology/approachStructured interviews were conducted with 25 head teachers and 6 school principals, while open-ended questionnaires were gathered from 10 head teachers. Both were focused on the potential for learning loss and the reasons it may be induced. More specific subjects included leadership roles in preventing learning loss and suggestions for improvement. All interviews and open-ended questionnaires were transcribed for a subsequent inductive thematic analysis.FindingsParticipants reported high levels of learning loss in the context of online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons for this included political decisions made by the Ministry of Education (MoE), student attitudes and the learning environment. Participants also reported substantial involvement in leadership roles aimed at the supervision of online teaching, providing training and support for teachers, and communicating with the administration, district and parents. They also provided several organizational suggestions for reducing learning loss, including the need to improve teaching quality, assess MoE policies, and ensure an ethical online learning environment.Originality/valueThe results contribute to a better understanding of learning loss and the leadership roles that are needed to mitigate this issue both in the Middle East and internationally.
E-learning challenge studying the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kamysbayeva Aida , Koryakov Alexey , Garnova Natalya , Glushkov Sergey , Klimenkova Svetlana 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe COVID-19 crisis experience is shaping new guidelines for learning activities that need to be developed from an interdisciplinary and holistic perspective based on the analysis and assessment of potential impacts and social expectations.Design/methodology/approachThe research is devoted to the study of modern e-learning challenges in the context of social distance, the analysis of learning experience, problems and opportunities associated with online learning. The research was carried out at the “Blinded for peer review” and involved 300 graduate students. A qualitative method based on a two-step process was used in the study. The discussion allowed participants to discuss and compare personal learning experiences primarily related to the COVID-19 crisis.FindingsThe results of the study demonstrated that online learning is an efficient tool for the development of hard skills while being less effective for the improvement of soft skills; they also allowed us to identify important aspects of professional personnel training which should be taken into account while developing a strategy for harmonizing on-campus and online education with the diversification of curricula by various pedagogical technologies and digital tools, as well as bringing social interactions into classroom activities.Originality/valueDue to the fact that most study participants were technical and economic students, it was concluded that the e-learning format is an effective methodology for the development of technical and digital skills of students.
Preliminary development and validation of the perceived strengths-based human resource system scale
Authors: Ding He , Yu Enhai , Xu Shenghua 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the current article was to propose the strengths-based human resource (HR) system construct as well as develop and validate the perceived strengths-based HR system scale by using three independent studies.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 mainly adopted exploratory factor analysis to test whether fifteen items proposed by the authors can represent the perceived strengths-based HR system construct. The aim of Study 2 was to examine the discriminant validity and criteria validity of the fifteen-item perceived strengths-based HR system scale and reliability of this scale. By structural equation modeling analysis, Study 3 primarily tested the incremental predictive validity of the perceived strengths-based HR system for employee performance (i.e. task performance and innovative behavior) after controlling for the perceived high-performance work system (HPWS) and perceived high-commitment work system (HCWS).FindingsStudy 1 showed that initial fifteen items of the perceived strengths-based HR system appropriately are loaded on one factor and exhibit a good reliability. Study 2 found that there is good discriminant validity between the perceived strengths-based HR system, perceived organizational support, perceived supervisory career support, and work engagement, and the perceived strengths-based HR system exhibits better convergent validity and criteria validity. Study 3 demonstrated that the perceived strengths-based HR system could significantly predict employee performance (i.e. task performance and innovative behavior) even after controlling for perceived HPWS and HCWS.Originality/valueThe current article contributes to advancing HR theory and research and provides a valuable tool for future empirical research on the strengths-based HR system.
Millennials and repurchasing behaviour: a collectivist emerging market
Authors: Lee Yang-Im , Vu An , Trim Peter 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study explains how retailers can use the knowledge function of attitudinal theories to understand how millennials in a collectivist emerging market, trade-off between a satisfactory customer service experience versus price when repurchasing a smartphone.Design/methodology/approach356 usable questionnaires (86% response rate) were collected and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM), AMOS.FindingsMillennials in Vietnam tend to adopt an individualistic approach when repurchasing a smartphone and utilise their knowledge of the product. However, they value personalised customer service that is specific to their needs, especially interactions with sales staff that raises their confidence and self-esteem. The unique interaction allows authorised retailers to distinguish themselves from unauthorised retailers. Repurchase behaviour is encouraged by low uncertainty avoidance in conjunction with price sensitivity; and the desire to be seen as achieving a high social status.Research limitations/implicationsThe data for the study was collected in Hanoi, the main city of Vietnam and is representative only of urban-based millennials.Practical implicationsRetailers considering entering an collectivist emerging market need to understand that millennials are price sensitive and may repurchase from unauthorised retailers. Accurate information and sales promotions can be used to stimulate demand for a high involvement product.Originality/valueFunctional theories of attitudes is used to link the concept of customer service with knowledge function utilisation in order to establish how customers in a collectivist emerging market process information and share knowledge through socialisation.