bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the tillage management direction effects on soil attributes by space series analysis (case study: a semiarid region in Iran)
Authors: Marzvan Saeedeh , Asadi Hossein , Timm Luis C. , Reichardt Klaus , Davatgar Naser 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The assessment of soil attributes affected by land use changes or different cultivation management strategies is commonly based on a comparison between agricultural fields, neglecting the natural soil spatial variability. This study aimed to develop a methodology based on improved space series to differentiate between spatial variability of soil attributes and the effect of tillage direction when the evaluation is based on comparison between adjacent fields. The study area consists of two adjacent fields of different tillage directions, i.e. up-down tillage (UDT) and contour tillage (COT). Soil sampling was performed at 40 points in each filed at 5 m intervals along a contour line at the mid-slope position. All measured soil attributes, i.e. sand, silt, clay, MWD, GMD, bulk density; SP, CCE, OM, of UDT were significantly (P<0.05) different from those of COT compared by independent sample T test. This analysis could not differentiate between the spatial variability of the soil and the changes induced by tillage. To determine the net effect of UDT on soil attributes, we (i) performed space series analysis on COT data, (ii) used autoregressive, moving average and autoregressive-moving average models to model the space series data on COT field, and (iii) used the best model obtained for each soil attributes on COT to forecast the value of the property in ten adjacent points in the UDT field. Comparison between the forecasted and measured data in UDT showed that the evaluation of tillage direction effect on soil attributes based on comparison between adjacent fields can be over or under estimated when the sampling coordinates and the spatial correlation among adjacent observations of data are ignored. The methodology used was able to differentiate between natural and management induced differences of soil attributes. Overall, the use of this methodology will improve the prediction and understanding of the effects of different cultivation practices on soil quality.
Outcomes of A Pragmatic Trial of An Integrated Supportive Care Program
Authors: Weinstein Elizabeth , Kemmann Matthew , Douglas Sara L. , Daly Barbara , Levitan Nathan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This article reports findings from a demonstration project funded by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI). The purpose of the project was to test a supportive care program to achieve the “triple aim” of improving quality of care of patients, enhance patient experience, and reduce costs in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: The project was conducted between February 2015 and February 2018, enrolling adult, Medicare or Medicaid beneficiaries with advanced or progressed solid tumor malignancy. A comparative longitudinal comparison of the program with both a concurrent control and an historic control was used to evaluate outcomes. The intervention included routine electronic biopsychosocial screening, early access to specialty palliative care, and nurse care coordination. Quality of life, aggressiveness of care, and health care utilization were measured.Results: 1340 people were enrolled, with 71% of the total sample being Caucasian; 41.4% had Stage IV cancer, and 20% utilized Medicaid only. Significant differences in the enrolled patients and the comparison group were controlled for through statistical analysis. There were significantly fewer ED visits, unplanned admissions and fewer total hospitalization days. Almost all measures reflected a lower aggressiveness of care for enrolled patients. Of patients who died, a significantly greater portion of enrolled patients were enrolled in hospice prior to death. Quality of life had a marked improvement for enrolled patients. Average cost per member per month was not less in the enrolled group.Conclusion: This pragmatic demonstration project provided valuable insights which can position organizations for successful integration of supportive care under value-based reimbursement.
Success And Complication Rate of Miniscrew Assisted Non-Surgical Palatal Expansion In Adults - A Consecutive Study Using A Novel Force-Controlled Polycyclic Activation Protocol
Authors: Winsauer Heinz , Walter Andre , Katsaros Christos , Ploder Oliver 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Bone-borne miniscrew assisted palatal expansion (MAPE) is a common technique to improve maxillary transverse deficiency in young adolescents. Adult patients usually present a challenge, as they often require additional surgical assisted maxillary expansion (SARPE). There is still no clear statement about non-surgical expansion in adult patients using this technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success and complication rate of non-surgical palatal expansion in adults utilizing MAPE with a novel force-controlled polycyclic expansion protocol (FCPC).Methods: This consecutive study consisted of 33 adult patients with an average age of 29.1 ± 10.2 years (min. 18 years, max. 58 years), including one dropout patient. First, four miniscrews were inserted and after 12-weeks latency, the expander was placed and the FCPC protocol was applied (MAPE group). In case of missing expansion, a SARPE was performed (SARPE group). After maximum expansion, a cone beam CT was made and widening of the midpalatal suture was measured. The outcome variables were successful non-surgical expansion and, with sample size power above 80%, the odds of failed non-surgical expansion and associated complications were evaluated. The primary predictor variable was age. Statistical analysis was performed using R (Version 3.1) to calculate power, to construct various models for measuring the odds of requiring surgical intervention/complications, and others.Results: Successful non-surgical expansion was achieved in 27 patients (84.4%), ranging from 18 to 49 years. Mean age differed significantly between both groups (26.8 ± 8.2 years vs. 41.3 ± 9.9 years; p < 0.001). Mean expansion at the anterior and posterior palate for the MAPE group was 5.4 ± 1.5 mm and 2.5 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. Among these subjects' complications were observed in 18.5%. Age significantly increased the odds of complications (p = 0.019).Conclusions:1. The success rate of MAPE among individuals aged 18 to 49 years was 84.4%.2. A V-shaped expansion pattern in the antero-posterior dimension was mostly observed.3. Complications were significantly associated with age.4. A careful expansion protocol seems to be beneficial to prevent unfavorable results in adult patients.Trial registration: consecutive cohort study, Review Board No. EK-2-2014/0016
Metabarcoding of Insect-Associated Fungal Communities: A Comparison of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and Large-Subunit (LSU) rRNA Markers
Authors: Ceballos-Escalera Angelina , Richards John , Arias Maria Belen , Inward Daegan J. G. , Vogler Alfried 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Complex communities of fungi are regularly characterised by deep sequencing with standard barcode markers, especially the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and the Large-Subunit (LSU) gene of the rRNA locus. Full taxonomic characterisation of fungal communities is necessary for establishing ecological associations or for early detection of pathogens and invasive species, but reliance on a single short sequence fragment may be problematic due to various technological and analytical obstacles. Here we conducted a side-by-side comparison of fungal communities associated with bark beetles (Scolytinae), the likely vectors of several tree pathogens, using ITS and LSU. Both markers revealed similar patterns of overall species richness and response to key variables (beetle species, forest type). Identification against the respective reference databases using various classifiers revealed similar higher-level taxonomic composition, but decreasing resolution towards lower levels, especially at the species level. Thus, Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) could not be linked via taxonomic classifiers across ITS and LSU fragments. However, a phylogenetic analysis (focused on the epidemiologically important Sordariomycetes) placed OTUs relative to reference sequences spanning both loci and demonstrated the largely similar phylogenetic distribution of ITS and LSU-derived OTUs. The analysis of congruence in both markers also suggested the biologically most defensible threshold values for OTU delimitation (98% for ITS, 99% for LSU). Studies of complex fungal communities using the canonical ITS metabarcode marker require corroboration across additional loci, and benefit from phylogenetic analyses and their greater precision compared to conventional taxonomic classifiers, even in the face of incomplete and partially identified reference databases.
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Modulates the Lipid Accumulation and Reproductive Signaling in Daphnia Magna
Authors: Cho Hyunki , Seol Yohan , Baik Seungyun , Sung Baeckkyoung , Ryu Chang Seon , kim youngjun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mono(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP) is the primary metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), which is widely used in industry as a plasticizer. Previous studies showed that both DEHP and MEHP have been found in not only human urine samples but also natural aquatic environments, and well documented as toxicants for reproduction and endocrine disruptors, However, the effects of MEHP exposure on aquatic organisms, including invertebrates such as Daphnia magna (D. magna), are still scarce. In the present study, the lipid alterations caused by MEHP in D. magna have been identified by analyzing lipid accumulation and nontarget metabolomics. Additionally, the expressions of reproduction were investigated. Ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations (1 to 2 mg/L) and exposure time ranges (24 h to 21 days) have been tested. MEHP resulted in no mortality to D. magna with all exposure conditions, but the number of lipid droplets increased after 96 h of exposure and enhanced reproduction of female adult daphnids was observed in the 21-day of exposure. Besides, we observed that MEHP enhanced lipid metabolism with the identification of 283 potential lipid metabolites, including glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids, following 48 h of exposure. MEHP treated group exhibited significantly higher expression of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and vitellogenin 2 (Vtg2) at 6 h and 24 h. Meanwhile at 48 h, EcR and Vtg2 were downregulated in 1 and 2 mg/L MEHP exposure. Our data show that the changes in EcR pathway with different exposure time could be associated with the lipid accumulation due to lipids increment subsequently to increased reproduction in MEHP-exposed D. magna.
Explicit dynamics based numerical simulation approach for assessment of impact of relief hole on blast induced deformation pattern in an underground face blast
Authors: HIMANSHU VIVEK , Mishra A K , Vishwakarma Ashish K , Roy M P , Singh P K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The breakage of rock mass by blasting has many challenges. The optimal breakage in an underground development face/tunnel blast is dominantly dependent on the relief area provided to the blast holes. The cut portion in the burn cut face blast is significantly important to achieve the controlled deformation due to the blast. This paper has discussed the impact of the number and diameter of the relief holes on the breakage pattern of the rock. The numerical simulation with varying numbers and diameter of relief hole was carried out for this purpose. Finite element modeller explicit dynamics of Ansys-Autodyn was used for the simulation work. The isosurface of non-deformed zone was plotted to compare the extent of deformation under varying conditions of relief holes. The analysis shows that the higher number of relief holes with optimum diameter gives more controlled deformation than single relief hole with larger diameter. The nearfield vibration was also recorded by placement of seismograph. The waveform analysis of the recorded vibration was carried out. The redesigning of the blasting pattern was done using the results of numerical simulation and waveform analysis. The redesigned pattern consists of four relief holes of 115 mm diameter. The blasting output with the revised design has resulted into the considerable improvements in the pull and reduction of overbreak. The revised pattern has addressed the issue of the socket formation at the site.
A Budget Impact Analysis of Iron Polymaltose and Ferric Carboxymaltose Infusions
Authors: Lim Chuin Khai , Connolly Michael , Mirkazemi Corinne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To compare the direct costs of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) infusions, and iron polymaltose (IPM) infused via either a slow or rapid infusion; and explore potential savings associated with increased uptake of the least-expensive option at a local hospital.Setting: Hospital staff responsible for manufacturing, administering, and monitoring iron infusions, and the patients that received them at the Royal Hobart Hospital in 2018. Method: Frequency analysis identified the most prescribed iron infusion doses. A time-motion methodology was used to calculate the direct costs for each protocol at these doses. Finally, a budget-impact analysis of encouraging increased use of the least-expensive infusion protocol was conducted. Main outcome measures: Total direct costs for each infusion protocol at common doses. Potential budget savings associated with switching to the lowest costing of these infusion protocols where possible.Results: The most common doses were 0.5g, 1g, 1.5g and 2g. At these dose points, FCM infusions are the least expensive, but only if national health subsidies are applied. In cases where they do not apply, IPM prepared from ampoules and infused using the rapid protocol (‘IPM Ampoules Rapid’) is the least expensive. Switching all applicable FCM infusions and IPM infusions administered using the slow infusion protocol to IPM Ampoules Rapid is projected to yield up to $12,000 worth of savings annually.Conclusions: Increased use of the IPM Ampoules Rapid protocol when government-subsidised options are not available is projected to have cost-saving outcomes. Investigation of implementation strategies to increase the use of this protocol are warranted.
Association Between Immunologic Markers And Cirrhosis In Individuals With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Argirion Ilona , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Lam Tram Kim , O’Brien Thomas R. , Yu Kelly , McGlynn Katherine A. , Petrick Jessica L. , Pinto Ligia , Chen Chien-Jen , Lee Mei-Hsuan , Hildesheim Allan , Yang Hwai-I , Koshiol Jill 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Host immune response and chronic inflammation associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We sampled 175 HCC, 117 cirrhotic and 165 non-cirrhotic controls from a prospective cohort study of chronically HBV-infected individuals. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) were used to compare baseline plasma levels for 102 markers in individuals who developed cirrhosis vs. controls and those who developed HCC vs. cirrhosis. Leave-one-out cross validation was used to generate receiver operating characteristic curves to compare the predictive ability of marker groups. Results: After multivariable adjustment, HGF (Q4v1OR:3.74;p-trend=0.0001), SLAMF1 (Q4v1OR:4.07;p-trend=0.0001), CSF1 (Q4v1OR:3.00;p-trend=0.002), uPA (Q4v1OR:3.36;p-trend=0.002), IL-8 (Q4v1OR:2.83;p-trend=0.004), and OPG (Q4v1OR:2.44;p-trend=0.005) were all found to be associated with cirrhosis development compared to controls; these markers predicted cirrhosis with 69% accuracy. CDA analysis identified a nine marker model capable of predicting cirrhosis development with 79% accuracy. No markers were significantly different between HCC and cirrhotic participants. Conclusion: This is the first prospective study to assess immunologic markers in relation to liver disease in chronically-HBV infected individuals. While validation in required, these findings highlight the importance of immunologic processes in HBV-related cirrhosis.
Orbitally driven changes in seasonal Antarctic temperature during the Holocene
Authors: Jones Tyler , Markle Bradley , Roberts William , Cuffey Kurt , Steig Eric , Stevens Christopher , Valdes Paul , Fudge T.J. , Sigl Michael , Hughes Abigail , Garland Joshua , Vinther Bo , Rozmiarek Kevin , Brashear Chloe , White James 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Disentangling the drivers of mean annual temperature change in Antarctica requires an understanding of seasonal temperature change. A high-resolution climate record capable of resolving summer and winter seasons could address long-standing questions about the role of orbitally-driven insolation in driving Antarctic mean-annual temperature change. Here, we present a continuous record of water isotope ratios from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core that reveals both summer and winter temperature change though the last 11,000 years. This novel record shows that summer temperatures increased through the early-to-mid Holocene, reached a plateau at 4 to 2 ka, and then decreased to the present. The observed changes are explained primarily by changes in maximum summer insolation. In the early to mid-Holocene, additional summer warming results from the retreat and thinning of the WAIS. The magnitude of summer temperature change constrains the lowering of the WAIS surface to less than 100 m since the early Holocene, consistent with geologic records. Importantly, annual mean temperatures cannot be fully explained by orbital forcing and ice sheet elevation change alone; in the early Holocene, large wintertime temperature excursions overwhelm the summer signal. These winter excursions indicate that regional heat transport anomalies, rather than local thermodynamics, can dominate the annual mean.
Association of Ambient Air Pollution with Perceived Stress in Pregnant Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lamichhane Dirga Kumar , Jung Dal-Young , Shin Yee-Jin , Lee Kyung-Sook , Lee So-Yeon , Ahn Kangmo , Kim Kyung Won , Shin Youn Ho , Suh Dong In , Hong Soo-Jong , Kim Hwan-Cheol 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Air pollution is associated with perceived stress in the general population, but its influence on maternal perceived stress during pregnancy has not been investigated.We aimed to investigate the relationship between air pollution and non-specific perceived stress among pregnant women.Methods: Our analysis included2162 pregnant women who had participated in the cohort for childhood origin of asthma and allergic disease study between 2008 and 2015. Maternal exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and < 10 µm (PM10), as well as to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) for each trimesterand the entire pregnancy were determined using land-use regression models. Maternal perceived stress during the third trimester was assessed using the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): scores ranged from 0-56 with higher scores indicating increased stress. Linear regression models were applied to estimate associations between PSS scores and each air pollutant, after adjusting for socio-demographic and behavioral covariates.Results: In single-pollutant models,after adjustment, an IQR increase in the whole pregnancy exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and O3 in the third trimester was related to 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.74) and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.98) and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.52) points increase in the PSS score, respectively.This association was more evident in women with child-bearing age and lower levelofeducation, and the association of PM10was stronger in thespring season.In multi-pollutant models, exposures to PM10 and O3 were associated with higher perceived stress. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that pregnancy exposure to PM2.5, PM10and O3 is positively associated with maternal PSS score during the third trimester.
Hexacyanometallate aqueous flow battery
Authors: Jang Ji-Eun , Kim Ryeong-ah , Lee Chanhee , Kang Sujin , Ryu Jaechan , Jayasubramaniyan S. , Cho Jaephil , Choe Wonyoung , Seo Dong-Hwa , Lee Hyun-Wook 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) have attracted significant attention as energy storage systems by virtue of their inexpensive nature and long-lasting features. Although all-vanadium RFBs exhibit long lifetimes, the cost of vanadium resources fluctuates considerably, and is generally expensive. Iron–chromium RFBs take advantage of utilizing a low-cost and large abundance of iron and chromite ore; however, the redox chemistry of CrII/III generally involves strong Jahn–Teller effects. Herein, we introduce a new Cr-based negolyte coordinated with strong-field ligands capable of mitigating strong Jahn–Teller effects, thereby facilitating low redox potential, high stability, and rapid kinetics. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the complex of [Cr(CN)6]4− prefers low-spin states, facilitating a stable and fast redox reaction. The prototype full-cell configuration features a high-energy density of 11.4 Wh L− 1 and a stable lifetime of 250 cycles. Consequently, our proposed system opens new avenues for the development of high-performance RFBs.
Reducing the Mechanical Wear of Elbows and Pipes Due to Solid Particles Flow by Using Nano Coating Technique
Authors: Al-Ithari Ali Sadiq , Al-Zurfi Nabeel , Kareem Laith Zbbal Abd Ul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The failure problems of elbows and pipes facing a lot of industrial foundations like Cement Plants. This work investigated reasons and factors that cause the failure due to mechanical wear (Erosion) for the inside surface of elbows and pipes used in cement transportation (pneumatic conveyor) which manufactures from low carbon steel and finds out a method for reducing this failure. The technique of thermal spraying is using to coat the surface of samples with layers of nanoparticles of tungsten carbides (WC) of different thicknesses (30, 40, and 50μm). The test was done for these samples by placing them inside the elbow under the same operating conditions, moreover the standard test (pin on disc). The results showed a decrease in erosion rate by 71% for the sample coated with 50μm of WC layer, while the results of the pin on disc test showed a decrease in erosion rate by 97% for the thickness of 50μm. The SEM Images showed a coating thickness layer of more than 50μm will be subjected to flacking and failure. The numerical simulation was also implemented to simulate the erosion profile inside the elbow, and the agreement with experimental results was 90%.