bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress in the Greek general population during the first COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Karaivazoglou Katerina , Konstantopoulou Georgia , Kalogeropoulou Maria , Iliou Theodoros , Vorvolakos Theofanis , Assimakopoulos Konstantinos , Gourzis Philippos , Alexopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: February 2021

Background
SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide, threatening public health and financial and social life.

Aims
The current study's aim was to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the Greek population during the first COVID-19 lockdown, and to detect potential correlates.

Method
An anonymous online survey was conducted between 10 April and 4 May 2020, to collect information regarding people's psychological functioning and COVID-19-related perceptions.

Results
A total of 1443 individuals completed the survey; 293 (20%) reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms, 188 (12.9%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms and 506 (36.4%) suffered from definite post-traumatic stress disorder. Anxiety symptoms were independently associated with female gender (β = 1.281, 95% CI 0.808–1.755, P < 0.001), educational level (β = −1.570, 95% CI −2.546 to −0.595, P = 0.002), perceived severity (β = −1.745, 95% CI −3.146 to −0.344, P = 0.015) and COVID-19-related worry (β = 7.633, 95% CI 6.206–9.060, P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were strongly correlated with educational level (β = −1.298, 95% CI −2.220 to −0.377, P = 0.006), perceived severity (β = −1.331, 95% CI −2.579 to −0.082, P = 0.037) and COVID-19-related worry (β = 4.102, 95% CI 2.769–5.436, P < 0.001). Finally, post-traumatic stress symptoms were linked to female gender (β = 6.451, 95% CI 4.602–8.299, P < 0.001), educational level (β = −5.737, 95% CI −9.479 to −1.996, P = 0.003), psychiatric history (β = −4.028, 95% CI −6.274 to −1.782, P < 0.001) and COVID-19-related worry (β = 23.865, 95% CI 18.201–29.530, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
A significant percentage of the population reported clinically important anxiety, depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Women, less-educated individuals and people with a psychiatric history appeared more vulnerable to the pandemic's psychological impact.
OncoTree: A Cancer Classification System for Precision Oncology
Authors: Kundra Ritika , Zhang Hongxin , Sheridan Robert , Sirintrapun Sahussapont Joseph , Wang Avery , Ochoa Angelica , Wilson Manda , Gross Benjamin , Sun Yichao , Madupuri Ramyasree , Satravada Baby A. , Reales Dalicia , Vakiani Efsevia , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat A. , Dogan Ahmet , Arcila Maria , Zehir Ahmet , Maron Steven , Berger Michael F. , Viaplana Cristina , Janeway Katherine , Ducar Matthew , Sholl Lynette , Dogan Snjezana , Bedard Philippe , Surrey Lea F. , Sanchez Iker Huerga , Syed Aijaz , Rema Anoop Balakrishnan , Chakravarty Debyani , Suehnholz Sarah , Nissan Moriah , Iyer Gopakumar V. , Murali Rajmohan , Bouvier Nancy , Soslow Robert A. , Hyman David , Younes Anas , Intlekofer Andrew , Harding James J. , Carvajal Richard D. , Sabbatini Paul J. , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Morris Luc , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Gallagher Meighan M. , Soumerai Tara A. , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Hakimi Abraham A. , Fury Matthew , Huse Jason T. , Bagrodia Aditya , Hameed Meera , Thomas Stacy , Gardos Stuart , Cerami Ethan , Mazor Tali , Kumari Priti , Raman Pichai , Shivdasani Priyanka , MacFarland Suzanne , Newman Scott , Waanders Angela , Gao Jianjiong , Solit David , Schultz Nikolaus 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE Cancer classification is foundational for patient care and oncology research. Systems such as International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O), Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), and National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (NCIt) provide large sets of cancer classification terminologies but they lack a dynamic modernized cancer classification platform that addresses the fast-evolving needs in clinical reporting of genomic sequencing results and associated oncology research. METHODS To meet these needs, we have developed OncoTree, an open-source cancer classification system. It is maintained by a cross-institutional committee of oncologists, pathologists, scientists, and engineers, accessible via an open-source Web user interface and an application programming interface. RESULTS OncoTree currently includes 868 tumor types across 32 organ sites. OncoTree has been adopted as the tumor classification system for American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE), a large genomic and clinical data-sharing consortium, and for clinical molecular testing efforts at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. It is also used by precision oncology tools such as OncoKB and cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics. CONCLUSION OncoTree is a dynamic and flexible community-driven cancer classification platform encompassing rare and common cancers that provides clinically relevant and appropriately granular cancer classification for clinical decision support systems and oncology research.
Elinzanetant (NT-814), a Neurokinin 1,3 Receptor Antagonist, Reduces Estradiol and Progesterone in Healthy Women
Authors: Pawsey Steve , Mills Edouard Gregory , Ballantyne Elizabeth , Donaldson Kirsteen , Kerr Mary , Trower Mike , Dhillo Waljit Singh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
The ideal therapy for endometriosis (EM) and uterine fibroids (UFs) would suppress estrogenic drive to the endometrium and myometrium, while minimizing vasomotor symptoms and bone loss associated with current treatments. An integrated neurokinin-kisspeptin system involving substance P and neurokinin B acting at the neurokinin (NK) receptors 1 and 3, respectively, modulates reproductive hormone secretion and represents a therapeutic target.

Objective
This work aimed to assess the effects of the novel NK1,3 antagonist elinzanetant on reproductive hormone levels in healthy women.

Methods
A randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 33 women who attended for 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. In each cycle blood samples were taken on days 3 or 4, 9 or 10, 15 or 16, and 21 or 22 to measure serum reproductive hormones. In cycle 2, women were randomly assigned to receive once-daily oral elinzanetant 40, 80, 120 mg, or placebo (N = 8 or 9 per group).

Results
Elinzanetant dose-dependently lowered serum luteinizing hormone, estradiol (120 mg median change across cycle: –141.4 pmol/L, P = .038), and luteal-phase progesterone (120 mg change from baseline on day 21 or 22: –19.400 nmol/L, P = .046). Elinzanetant 120 mg prolonged the cycle length by median of 7.0 days (P = .023). Elinzanetant reduced the proportion of women with a luteal-phase serum progesterone concentration greater than 30 nmol/L (a concentration consistent with ovulation) in a dose-related manner in cycle 2 (P = .002). Treatment did not produce vasomotor symptoms.

Conclusion
NK1,3 receptor antagonism with elinzanetant dose-dependently suppressed the reproductive axis in healthy women, with the 120-mg dose lowering estradiol to potentially ideal levels for UFs and EM. As such, elinzanetant may represent a novel therapy to manipulate reproductive hormone levels in women with hormone-driven disorders.
Predicting the effects of climate change on incubation in reptiles: methodological advances and new directions
Authors: Carter A. L. , Janzen Fredric J. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe unprecedented advancement of global climate change is affecting thermal conditions across spatial and temporal scales. Reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) are uniquely vulnerable to even fine-scale variation in incubation conditions and are a model system for investigating the impacts of shifting temperatures on key physiological and life-history traits. The ways in which current and predicted future climatic conditions translate from macro- to ultra-fine scale temperature traces in subterranean nests is insufficiently understood. Reliably predicting the ways in which fine-scale, daily and seasonally fluctuating nest temperatures influence embryonic development and offspring phenotypes is a goal that remains constrained by many of the same logistical challenges that have persisted throughout more than four decades of research on TSD. However, recent advances in microclimate and developmental modeling should allow us to move farther away from relatively coarse metrics with limited predictive capacity and towards a fully mechanistic model of TSD that can predict incubation conditions and phenotypic outcomes for a variety of reptile species across space and time and for any climate scenario.
How dryland mammals will respond to climate change: the effects of body size, heat load and a lack of food and water
Authors: Fuller Andrea , Mitchell Duncan , Maloney Shane K. , Hetem Robyn S. , Fonsêca Vinicius F. C. , Meyer Leith C. R. , van de Ven Tanja M. F. N. , Snelling Edward P. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Mammals in drylands are facing not only increasing heat loads but also reduced water and food availability as a result of climate change. Insufficient water results in suppression of evaporative cooling and therefore increases in body core temperature on hot days, while lack of food reduces the capacity to maintain body core temperature on cold nights. Both food and water shortage will narrow the prescriptive zone, the ambient temperature range over which body core temperature is held relatively constant, which will lead to increased risk of physiological malfunction and death. Behavioural modifications, such as shifting activity between night and day or seeking thermally buffered microclimates, may allow individuals to remain within the prescriptive zone, but can incur costs, such as reduced foraging or increased competition or predation, with consequences for fitness. Body size will play a major role in predicting response patterns, but identifying all the factors that will contribute to how well dryland mammals facing water and food shortage will cope with increasing heat loads requires a better understanding of the sensitivities and responses of mammals exposed to the direct and indirect effects of climate change.
Towards more integration of physiology, dispersal and land-use change to understand the responses of species to climate change
Authors: Hof Christian 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe accelerating biodiversity crisis, for which climate change has become an important driver, urges the scientific community for answers to the question of whether and how species are capable of responding successfully to rapidly changing climatic conditions. For a better understanding and more realistic predictions of species' and biodiversity responses, the consideration of extrinsic (i.e. environment-related) and intrinsic (i.e. organism-related) factors is important, among which four appear to be particularly crucial: climate change and land-use change, as extrinsic factors, as well as physiology and dispersal capacity, as intrinsic factors. Here, I argue that these four factors should be considered in an integrative way, but that the scientific community has not yet been very successful in doing so. A quantitative literature review revealed a generally low level of integration within global change biology, with a pronounced gap especially between the field of physiology and other (sub)disciplines. After a discussion of potential reasons for this unfortunate lack of integration, some of which may relate to key deficits e.g. in the reward and incentive systems of academia, I suggest a few ideas that might help to overcome some of the barriers between separated research communities. Furthermore, I list several examples for promising research along the integration frontier, after which I outline some research questions that could become relevant if one is to push the boundary of integration among disciplines, of data and methods, and across scales even further – for a better understanding and more reliable predictions of species and biodiversity in a world of global change.
The role of mechanistic physiology in investigating impacts of global warming on fishes
Authors: Lefevre Sjannie , Wang Tobias , McKenzie David J. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Warming of aquatic environments as a result of climate change is already having measurable impacts on fishes, manifested as changes in phenology, range shifts and reductions in body size. Understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying these seemingly universal patterns is crucial if we are to reliably predict the fate of fish populations with future warming. This includes an understanding of mechanisms for acute thermal tolerance, as extreme heatwaves may be a major driver of observed effects. The hypothesis of gill oxygen limitation (GOL) is claimed to explain asymptotic fish growth, and why some fish species are decreasing in size with warming; but its underlying assumptions conflict with established knowledge and direct mechanistic evidence is lacking. The hypothesis of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) has stimulated a wave of research into the role of oxygen supply capacity and thermal performance curves for aerobic scope, but results vary greatly between species, indicating that it is unlikely to be a universal mechanism. As thermal performance curves remain important for incorporating physiological tolerance into models, we discuss potentially fruitful alternatives to aerobic scope, notably specific dynamic action and growth rate. We consider the limitations of estimating acute thermal tolerance by a single rapid measure whose mechanism of action is not known. We emphasise the continued importance of experimental physiology, particularly in advancing our understanding of underlying mechanisms, but also the challenge of making this knowledge relevant to the more complex reality.
Avenues of reef-building coral acclimatization in response to rapid environmental change
Authors: Putnam Hollie M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe swiftly changing climate presents a challenge to organismal fitness by creating a mismatch between the current environment and phenotypes adapted to historic conditions. Acclimatory mechanisms may be especially crucial for sessile benthic marine taxa, such as reef-building corals, where climate change factors including ocean acidification and increasing temperature elicit strong negative physiological responses such as bleaching, disease and mortality. Here, within the context of multiple stressors threatening marine organisms, I describe the wealth of metaorganism response mechanisms to rapid ocean change and the ontogenetic shifts in organism interactions with the environment that can generate plasticity. I then highlight the need to consider the interactions of rapid and evolutionary responses in an adaptive (epi)genetic continuum. Building on the definitions of these mechanisms and continuum, I also present how the interplay of the microbiome, epigenetics and parental effects creates additional avenues for rapid acclimatization. To consider under what conditions epigenetic inheritance has a more substantial role, I propose investigation into the offset of timing of gametogenesis leading to different environmental integration times between eggs and sperm and the consequences of this for gamete epigenetic compatibility. Collectively, non-genetic, yet heritable phenotypic plasticity will have significant ecological and evolutionary implications for sessile marine organism persistence under rapid climate change. As such, reef-building corals present ideal and time-sensitive models for further development of our understanding of adaptive feedback loops in a multi-player (epi)genetic continuum.
Microbiology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: An update from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Mst. Romena , Alam Kh. Md. Faisal , Naznin Mahmuda , Salam Md. Abdus 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Chronic suppurative otitis media is a major cause of acquired hearing impairment, especially in children of developing countries. The study sought to explore the bacteriological profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility among patients of chronic suppurative otitis media from a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross sectional microbiological study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh from January to December 2019. Aural swabs were collected aseptically from clinically suspected patients irrespective of age and gender attending the ear, nose and throat outpatient department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Aerobic bacterial culture was done and isolates were identified through standard bacteriological identification scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates was done by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.
Results: Of 96 swabs, culture yielded a total of 73 bacterial isolates from 68(70.8%) culture-positive plates including 63 (65.6%) unimicrobial and 5 (5.2%) polymicrobial (mixed growth of a pair of bacteria) growths. Frequency distribution revealed, 40(55%) gram-negative and 33(45%) gram-positive bacteria with Staphylococcus aureus was the leading isolate (37%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31.5%), Escherichia coli (13.7%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (8.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.5%) and Proteus spp. (4.1%). Gram-positive bacteria were found to be highly susceptible (100%) to Linezolid and Vancomycin followed by Imipenem (83 to 96.3%), while moderate to high resistance (44 to 67%) was observed against Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate and Clindamycin. For gram-negative bacteria, susceptibility ranged from 67 to 100% to Imipenem, 67 to 96% to Piperacillin/Tazobactam and 67 to 83% to Gentamicin, while moderate to high resistance (50 to 75%) was observed against Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate.
Conclusion: Moderate to high level of multidrug-resistance especially to 3rd generation cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate is an alarming situation. It warns reinforcement of judicious antibiotic prescription and introduction of antibiotic stewardship program in the tertiary care hospitals.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3942
How to cite this:Khatun MR, Alam KMF, Naznin M, Salam MA. Microbiology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: An update from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):821-826. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3942
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characterization of banana bunchy top virus on Sumatra (Indonesia) wild banana
Authors: Ruth Feti Rahayuniati  , Hartono Sedyo , Somowiyarjo Susamto , Subandiyah Siti , THOMAS JOHN E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Rahayuniati RF, Hartono S, Somowiyarjo S, Subandiyah S, Thomas JE. 2021. Characterization of banana bunchy top virus on Sumatra (Indonesia) wild banana. Biodiversitas 22: 1243-1249. Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) has been a major constrain on banana production worldwide. This virus infection is mostly found in banana cultivation. The study aimed to characterize the BBTV on Sumatra wild bananas. The survey to collect seeds and typical symptomatic samples had been done in 2017 and 2019 in West Sumatra, South Sumatra, and Bengkulu. The transmission test of the virus was conducted by using the viruliferous vector on four wild banana species, while the identity of BBTV confirmed by nucleotide sequences analysis using primer pairs of DNA R and DNA S. Musa acuminata subsp. sumatrana (AA) have been found naturally infected by BBTV. The transmission confirmed on M. acuminata subsp. longipetiolata, M. acuminata subsp. malacensis, M. acuminata subsp. halabanensis and Musa sp. with typical bunchy top symptoms. The incidence on test plants were 40%, 80% 20%, 20% and 20%, respectively. The virus infection on Sumatra wild bananas prolonged the incubation periods in comparison to cv Mas. BBTV of M. acuminata subsp. sumatrana is similar to the BBTV MK940788 and MN073184 from Sumatra. This is the first report of BBTV on Sumatra wild banana. The result can be used as a reference to study the resistance of the banana against BBTV.
Laser-frequency-comb calibration for the Extremely Large Telescope: an OPO-based infrared astrocomb covering the H and J bands
Authors: Cheng Yuk Shan , Xiao Dong , McCracken Richard A. , Reid Derryck T. 
Published: February 2021

The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) will address an unprecedented optical wavelength range from 370 to 2400 nm, and its high-resolution spectrograph (HIRES) will require a laser frequency comb calibrator of comparable coverage. An architecture based around a Ti:sapphire master comb in principle enables wavelengths across this range to be obtained by a combination of second- and third-order nonlinear effects. In this scheme, near-infrared wavelength coverage can be addressed by downconversion of the comb to 1600 nm using an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), followed by broadband supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear fiber. Here we present an example of this approach in the form of a 10 GHz astrocomb comprising a Fabry–Perot-filtered supercontinuum derived from a degenerate OPO and spanning 1.15–1.80 µm. We characterize the astrocomb using Fourier-transform spectroscopy, enabling the mode orders within the filtered comb to be identified.