bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Thyroid in Renovascular Function: Independent Association of Serum TSH With Renal Plasma Flow
Authors: Pappa Theodora , Heydarpour Mahyar , Williams Jonathan , Hopkins Paul N , Adler Gail K , Alexander Erik K , Williams Gordon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
There are well-established interactions between the thyroid and the kidney. Thyroid hypofunction is associated with reduced renal plasma flow (RPF), and hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease; however, less is known about the thyroid-kidney axis in the euthyroid state.

Objective
This work aimed to study the association of thyroid function with renovascular parameters in a well-phenotyped cohort of euthyroid normotensive and hypertensive individuals.

Methods
This cross-sectional, multicenter study of the HyperPATH Consortium took place in 5 US and European academic institutions. A total of 789 individuals, aged 18 to 65 years, with serum thyrotropin (TSH) 0.4 to 5.5 mIU/L, participated; individuals with uncontrolled or secondary hypertension or on medication affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis were excluded. Hemodynamic parameters including RPF, thyroid function testing, and the Thr92Ala deiodinase 2 (D2) polymorphism were assessed in the setting of a liberal and restricted salt diet. We searched for associations between thyroid function and renovascular parameters and accounted for confounding factors, such as older age, hypertension, and diabetes.

Results
Serum TSH was inversely associated with RPF assessed in the setting both of liberal and restricted salt diets. This association remained significant and independent when accounting for confounding factors, whereas free thyroxine index (fTI) and the Thr92Ala polymorphism, associated with lower D2 catalytic activity and disrupted thyroid hormone tissue availability, were not independently associated with RPF. Serum TSH remained an independent predictor of RPF on a liberal salt diet when the analysis was restricted to healthy young individuals.

Conclusion
Serum TSH levels, but not fTI nor the Thr92Ala D2 polymorphism, were independently inversely associated with RPF in individuals of the HyperPATH Consortium. These findings suggest a direct interconnection between TSH and renovascular dynamics even with TSH within reference range, warranting further investigation.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Protein 2—a Potential Link Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer
Authors: Cao Junguo , Yan Weijia , Ma Xiujian , Huang Haiyan , Yan Hong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer share a variety of risk factors and pathophysiological features. It is becoming increasingly accepted that the 2 diseases are related, and that T2DM increases the risk of certain malignancies.

Objective
This review summarizes recent advancements in the elucidation of functions of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) in T2DM and cancer.

Methods
A PubMed review of the literature was conducted, and search terms included IGF2BP2, IMP2, or p62 in combination with cancer or T2DM. Additional sources were identified through manual searches of reference lists. The increased risk of multiple malignancies and cancer-associated mortality in patients with T2DM is believed to be driven by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation, and dysregulation of adipokines and sex hormones. Furthermore, IGF-2 is oncogenic, and its loss-of-function splice variant is protective against T2DM, which highlights the pivotal role of this growth factor in the pathogenesis of these 2 diseases. IGF-2 mRNA-binding proteins, particularly IGF2BP2, are also involved in T2DM and cancer, and single-nucleotide variations (formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms) of IGF2BP2 are associated with both diseases. Deletion of the IGF2BP2 gene in mice improves their glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and mice with transgenic p62, a splice variant of IGF2BP2, are prone to diet-induced fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting the biological significance of IGF2BP2 in T2DM and cancer.

Conclusion
Accumulating evidence has revealed that IGF2BP2 mediates the pathogenesis of T2DM and cancer by regulating glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and tumorigenesis. This review provides insight into the potential involvement of this RNA binding protein in the link between T2DM and cancer.
Diabetes Increases Severe COVID-19 Outcomes Primarily in Younger Adults
Authors: Diedisheim Marc , Dancoisne Etienne , Gautier Jean-François , Larger Etienne , Cosson Emmanuel , Fève Bruno , Chanson Philippe , Czernichow Sébastien , Tatulashvili Sopio , Raffin-Sanson Marie-Laure , Sallah Kankoé , Bourgeon Muriel , Ajzenberg Christiane , Hartemann Agnès , Daniel Christel , Moreau Thomas , Roussel Ronan , Potier Louis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Diabetes is reported as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but whether this risk is similar in all categories of age remains unclear.

Objective
To investigate the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients with and without diabetes according to age categories.

Design Setting and Participants
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 6314 consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between February and 30 June 2020 in the Paris metropolitan area, France; follow-up was recorded until 30 September 2020.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The main outcome was a composite outcome of mortality and orotracheal intubation in subjects with diabetes compared with subjects without diabetes, after adjustment for confounding variables and according to age categories.

Results
Diabetes was recorded in 39% of subjects. Main outcome was higher in patients with diabetes, independently of confounding variables (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13 [1.03-1.24]) and increased with age in individuals without diabetes, from 23% for those &lt;50 to 35% for those &gt;80 years but reached a plateau after 70 years in those with diabetes. In direct comparison between patients with and without diabetes, diabetes-associated risk was inversely proportional to age, highest in &lt;50 years and similar after 70 years. Similarly, mortality was higher in patients with diabetes (26%) than in those without diabetes (22%, P &lt; 0.001), but adjusted HR for diabetes was significant only in patients younger than age 50 years (HR 1.81 [1.14-2.87]).

Conclusions
Diabetes should be considered as an independent risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 in young adults more so than in older adults, especially for individuals younger than 70 years.
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta Inhibits PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Axis in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer via Genomic Mechanisms
Authors: Davidson Cole D , Bolf Eric L , Gillis Noelle E , Cozzens Lauren M , Tomczak Jennifer A , Carr Frances E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and the global incidence has increased rapidly over the past few decades. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is highly aggressive, dedifferentiated, and patients have a median survival of fewer than 6 months. Oncogenic alterations in ATC include aberrant phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling through receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) amplification, loss of phosphoinositide phosphatase expression and function, and protein kinase B (Akt) amplification. Furthermore, the loss of expression of the tumor suppressor thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ) is strongly associated with ATC. TRβ is known to suppress PI3K in follicular thyroid cancer and breast cancer by binding to the PI3K regulatory subunit p85α. However, the role of TRβ in suppressing PI3K signaling in ATC is not completely delineated. Here we report that TRβ indeed suppresses PI3K signaling in ATC cell lines through unreported genomic mechanisms, including a decrease in RTK expression and an increase in phosphoinositide and Akt phosphatase expression. Furthermore, the reintroduction and activation of TRβ in ATC cell lines enables an increase in the efficacy of the competitive PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and buparlisib on cell viability, migration, and suppression of PI3K signaling. These findings not only uncover additional tumor suppressor mechanisms of TRβ but shed light on the implication of TRβ status and activation on inhibitor efficacy in ATC tumors.
Effects of 12 weeks of resistance training on rat gut microbiota composition
Authors: Castro Alinne P. , Silva Keemilyn K. S. , Medeiros Claudia S. A. , Alves Fernanda , Araujo Ronaldo C. , Almeida Jeeser A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
In addition to its health benefits, exercise training has been noted as a modulator of the gut microbiota. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) on gut microbiota composition remain unknown. Wistar rats underwent 12 weeks of RT. Body mass, glucose tolerance, visceral body fat, triglyceride concentration and food consumption were evaluated. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Rats that underwent RT showed lower body mass (P=0.0005), lower fat content (P=0.02) and better glucose kinetics (P=0.047) when compared with the control. Improvements in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were identified in the RT group. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Serratia and Comamonas decreased significantly after 12 weeks of RT (P&lt;0.001). These results suggest that RT has the potential to enhance the diversity of the gut microbiota and improve its biological functions.
Η ανάπτυξη των τυπικών ορισμών λέξεων δίγλωσσων μαθητών Γυμνασίου: Μελέτη μίας διδακτικής παρέμβασης
Authors: Δόση Ιφιγένεια 
Published: June 2021

Ο στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας είναι να εξετάσει την επίδραση της διδακτικής παρέμβασης στην ικανότητα ανάπτυξης τυπικών (formal) ορισμών λέξεων δίγλωσσων μαθητών Γυμνασίου, λαμβάνοντας υπόψιν συγκεκριμένες γραμματικές κατηγορίες (ουσιαστικά, ρήματα και επίθετα). Προηγούμενες έρευνες έχουν δείξει ότι η βελτίωση της ικανότητας ορισμού λέξεων και η χρήση τυπικών ορισμών σχετίζεται άμεσα με την οργάνωση του νοητικού λεξικού και την ανάπτυξη μεταγλωσσικών ικανοτήτων. Επίσης, η ανάπτυξη των τυπικών ορισμών λέξεων συμβάλλει θετικά στη γενικότερη ανάπτυξη του γραμματισμού και στη ευρύτερη σχολική επιτυχία των μαθητών. Ωστόσο, η ανάπτυξη της ικανότητας απόδοσης τυπικών ορισμών επηρεάζεται και από παράγοντες, όπως η γραμματική κατηγορία της λέξης (ουσιαστικό, ρήμα, επίθετο). Έτσι, τα ουσιαστικά ορίζονται καλύτερα από τα ρήματα και τα επίθετα. Η εκπαίδευση και, κυρίως, οι στοχευμένες διδακτικές παρεμβάσεις διαδραματίζουν έναν καθοριστικό ρόλο στη βελτίωση της ικανότητας ορισμού λέξεων. Πρέπει να σημειωθεί, ότι η σχετική έρευνα σε δίγλωσσους μαθητές είναι εξαιρετικά περιορισμένη. Η παρούσα έρευνα αξιοποιώντας αυτό το βιβλιογραφικό κενό μελετά τον ρόλο της διδακτικής παρέμβασης σε 20 δίγλωσσους ελληνο-αλβανόφωνους μαθητές Γυμνασίου. Η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθεί είναι αυτή της ημι-πειραματικής μελέτης παρέμβασης που εφαρμόζει μετρήσεις αρχικής και τελικής εξέτασης σε δύο ομάδες μελέτης. Η μία ομάδα (πειραματική ομάδα) παρακολούθησε μια τρίμηνη παρέμβαση, ενώ η άλλη ομάδα (ομάδα ελέγχου) δεν εντάχθηκε στο πρόγραμμα παρέμβασης. Και οι δύο ομάδες ελέγχθηκαν ως προς την ικανότητα ορισμού λέξεων (ουσιαστικών, ρημάτων και επιθέτων) πριν από την παρέμβαση, αλλά και μετά από αυτήν, με στόχο να αξιολογηθούν οι πιθανές θετικές επιπτώσεις της παρέμβασης. Η παρέμβαση έδωσε έμφαση στην εξάσκηση των τυπικών ορισμών λέξεων (ουσιαστικών, ρημάτων και επιθέτων) αναφορικά και με τις τέσσερις γλωσσικές δεξιότητες (κατανόηση και παραγωγή προφορικού και γραπτού λόγου). Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι δύο ομάδες δεν διέφεραν ως προς τις επιδόσεις τους στις δοκιμασίες πριν την παρέμβαση. Αντίθετα, μετά από αυτήν, η πειραματική ομάδα σημείωσε σημαντικές διαφορές έναντι της ομάδας ελέγχου, κυρίως ως προς τις επιδόσεις της στον ορισμό των ουσιαστικών. Τα ευρήματα της έρευνας καταδεικνύουν τον καθοριστικό ρόλο των στοχευμένων διδακτικών παρεμβάσεων στην ανάπτυξη της ικανότητας ορισμού λέξεων δίγλωσσων ομιλητών.
Synovial fluid α defensin has comparable accuracy to synovial fluid white blood cell count and polymorphonuclear percentage for periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis
Authors: Ivy Morgan I. , Sharma Katyayini , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Tande Aaron J. , Osmon Douglas R. , Berbari Elie F. , Mandrekar Jay , Beauchamp Christopher P. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Abdel Matthew P. , Lewallen David G. , Perry Kevin , Block Darci R. , Snyder Melissa R. , Patel Robin 
Published: June 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of α defensin (AD) lateral flow assay (LFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in comparison to conventional synovial white blood cell (WBC) count and polymorphonuclear neutrophil percentage (PMN%) analysis. Methods Patients undergoing joint aspiration for evaluation of pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) were considered for inclusion. Synovial fluids from 99 patients (25 THA and 74 TKA) were analyzed by WBC count and PMN% analysis, AD LFA, and AD ELISA. WBC and PMN% cutoffs of ≥ 1,700 cells/mm3 and ≥ 65% for TKA and ≥ 3,000 cells/mm3 and ≥ 80% for THA were used, respectively. A panel of three physicians, all with expertise in orthopaedic infections and who were blinded to the results of AD tests, independently reviewed patient data to diagnose subjects as with or without PJI. Consensus PJI classification was used as the reference standard to evaluate test performances. Results were compared using McNemar’s test and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Results Expert consensus classified 18 arthroplasies as having failed due to PJI and 81 due to aseptic failure. Using these classifications, the calculated sensitivity and specificity of AD LFA was 83.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 58.6 to 96.4) and 93.8% (95% CI 86.2 to 98.0), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of AD ELISA was 83.3% (95% CI 58.6 to 96.4) and 96.3% (95% CI 89.6 to 99.2), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between sensitivity (p = 1.000) or specificity (p = 0.157) of the two AD assays. AUC for AD LFA was 0.891. In comparison, AUC for synovial WBC count, PMN%, and the combination of the two values was 0.821 (sensitivity p = 1.000, specificity p < 0.001), 0.886 (sensitivity p = 0.317, specificity p = 0.011), and 0.926 (sensitivity p = 0.317, specificity p = 0.317), respectively. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of synovial AD for PJI diagnosis is comparable and not statistically superior to that of synovial WBC count plus PMN% combined. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1119–1126.
Isolated tibial insert exchange in revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tetreault Matthew W. , Hines Jeremy T. , Berry Daniel J. , Pagnano Mark W. , Trousdale Robert T. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: June 2021

AimsThis study aimed to determine outcomes of isolated tibial insert exchange (ITIE) during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsFrom 1985 to 2016, 270 ITIEs were performed at one institution for instability (55%, n = 148), polyethylene wear (39%, n = 105), insert fracture/dissociation (5%, n = 14), or stiffness (1%, n = 3). Patients with component loosening, implant malposition, infection, and extensor mechanism problems were excluded.ResultsSurvivorship free of any re-revision was 68% at ten years. For the indication of insert wear, survivorship free of any re-revision at ten years was 74%. Re-revisions were more frequent for index diagnoses other than wear (hazard ratio (HR) 1.9; p = 0.013), with ten-year survivorships of 69% for instability and 37% for insert fracture/dissociation. Following ITIE for wear, the most common reason for re-revision was aseptic loosening (33%, n = 7). For other indications, the most common reason for re-revision was recurrence of the original diagnosis. Mean Knee Society Scores improved from 54 (0 to 94) preoperatively to 77 (38 to 94) at ten years.ConclusionAfter ITIE, the risk and reasons for re-revision correlated with preoperative indications. The best results were for polyethylene wear. For other diagnoses, the re-revision rate was higher and the failure mode was most commonly recurrence of the original indication for the revision TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1103–1110.
Type lll internal hemipelvectomy for primary bone tumours with and without allograft reconstruction
Authors: Jamshidi Khodamorad , Zandrahimi Farshad , Bagherifard Abolfazl , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Mirzaei Alireza 
Published: June 2021

AimThere is insufficient evidence to support bony reconstruction of the pubis after a type III internal hemipelvectomy (resection of all or part of the pubis). In this study, we compared surgical complications, postoperative pain, and functional outcome in a series of patients who had undergone a type III internal hemipelvectomy with or without bony reconstruction.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, 32 patients who had undergone a type III hemipelvectomy with or without allograft reconstruction (n = 15 and n = 17, respectively) were reviewed. The mean follow-up was 6.7 years (SD 3.8) for patients in the reconstruction group and 6.1 years (SD 4.0) for patients in the non-reconstruction group. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system and the level of postoperative pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsThe mean MSTS score of the patients was significantly better in patients after reconstruction (26 (SD 1.7) vs 22.7 (SD 2.0); p < 0.001). The mean visual analogue scale score for pain was significantly less in the reconstruction group (2.1 (SD 2) vs 4.2 (SD 2.2); p = 0.016). One infection occurred in each group. Bladder herniation occurred in three patients (17.6%) in the non-reconstruction group but none in the reconstruction group. Five patients (29.4%) in the non-reconstruction group and one (7%) in the reconstruction group had a limp. Graft displacement occurred in two patients in the reconstruction group.ConclusionWe recommend reconstruction of the bony defect after a type III hemipelvectomy: it gives a better functional result, less postoperative pain, and fewer late surgical complications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1155–1159.
Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in paediatric proximal femoral and/or pelvic osteotomies
Authors: Brouwer Anne J. , Kempink Dagmar R.J. , de Witte Pieter Bas 
Published: June 2021

Purpose Proximal femoral and/or pelvic osteotomies (PFPO) are associated with significant blood loss, which can be harmful, especially in paediatric patients. Therefore, considering methods to reduce blood loss is important. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL) in paediatric patients undergoing a PFPO. Methods Paediatric patients who had a PFPO between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome measures included patient demographics, TXA use (none, preoperative and/or intraoperative bolus, pump), EBL, transfusion rate and thromboembolic complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations between investigated outcome measures and EBL. Results A total of 340 PFPO (263 patients) were included. Mean age at surgery was 8.0 years (sd 4.3). In all, 269 patients received no TXA, 20 had a preoperative bolus, 43 had an intraoperative bolus and eight patients had other TXA regimes (preoperative and intraoperative bolus or pump). Overall, mean blood loss was 211 ml (sd 163). Multivariate analysis showed significant associations between higher EBL and higher age at surgery, male sex, higher body mass index and longer procedure time. There was a significant association between lower EBL and a preoperative TXA bolus: 66 ml (33%) less EBL compared with patients without TXA (95% confidence interval -129 to -4; p = 0.04). No thromboembolic complications were reported in any of the studied patients. Conclusion Preoperative TXA administration is associated with a decreased EBL in PFPO. No thromboembolic events were reported. Administering TXA preoperatively appears to be effective in paediatric patients undergoing a PFPO. Level of evidence Level III – retrospective comparative study.
Saturable absorber based on a hybrid structure of graded-index multimode fiber and graphene for a passive mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Li Xin , Wang D. N. , Chen Jikai 
Published: June 2021

A saturable absorber based on a hybrid structure of graded-index multimode fiber and graphene is proposed and demonstrated for passive mode-locked fiber laser pulse generation. The center wavelength of the output pulses is 1564 nm, with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3.52 nm and pulse duration of 634 fs at a fundamental repetition rate of 18.72 MHz, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 71 dB. Compared with the saturable absorber based on a pure graded-index multimode fiber structure, the pulse duration is compressed by 253 fs, and the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by 10 dB. The hybrid structured saturable absorber has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, and good robustness, which makes it attractive in the generation of ultrafast pulses.
Photon-recycling effect in perovskites for photovoltaic applications: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Wu Bo , Li Linjia , Wang Yigen , Gong Yiyang , Ma Hong , Long Mingzhu , Liu Feilong , Zhou Guofu 
Published: June 2021

Photon recycling has been shown to play an important role in the optoelectronic properties and device performance of perovskite solar cells recently. However, there lacks an analytical method to accurately predict the dynamics of charge carriers and photons and the device performance with photon recycling due to the complexity of multiple electron–photon conversion processes involved in photon recycling. We propose a model based on the Monte Carlo simulation method that combines charge carrier diffusion and photon radiation transport to analyze the effects of photon recycling on electron–photon dynamics and device performance of perovskite solar cells. We show that the carrier lifetime can be significantly boosted by photon recycling in the radiative limit, which yields a 37 meV increase in the open-circuit voltage for a 500 nm thick perovskite solar cell. Our results provide insights for the working mechanisms of perovskite solar cells, and the new model can be further applied to other types of solar cells with photon recycling.
All-fiber high-power supercontinuum laser source over 3.5  µm based on a germania-core fiber
Authors: Wang Xuan , Yao Chuanfei , Li Pingxue , Wu Yongjing , Yang Linjing , Ren Guochuan , Wang Chao 
Published: June 2021

In this Letter, a high-power all-fiber mid-infrared (MIR) supercontinuum (SC) laser source based on 9 cm long germania-core fiber (GCF) pumped by a high-power thulium-doped fiber amplifier is presented. As the pump power was set as 60 W, we obtained a 21.34 W broadband SC source extending from 1742 to 3512 nm with a slope efficiency of 32.5%. The 10 dB spectral bandwidth was over 1000 nm, spanning 1.97 to 3.04 µm. Furthermore, the numerical simulation of SC generation in GCF was in good agreement with the experimental results. As far as we know, this is the highest average output power over 3.5 µm in GCF based on a MIR SC laser source.