bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the barriers and facilitators to participation in active recreation for people with learning disabilities? A scoping review
Authors: Haythorne Rebecca , Gega Lina , Knapp Peter , Crawford Hannah 
Published: July 2021

Accessible Summary

Hobbies that are active can be a way of improving physical and mental well‐being for people with learning disabilities.

Choice, tailoring an activity to a person's needs and companionship between people with learning disabilities and their caregivers can facilitate participation in hobbies that are active.

Disregard for a person's physical and cognitive capabilities, and for their environmental or carer circumstances, can hinder participation in hobbies that are active.

AbstractBackgroundActive recreation denotes engagement with meaningful and rewarding activities that can improve physical and mental well‐being for everyone; however, there are specific challenges to participation in active recreation for people with learning disabilities.AimTo understand what hinders and what enables participation in active recreation for people with learning disabilities.MethodUsing a scoping review framework, we retrieved relevant literature by searching MEDLINE 1946 (Ovid), PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Scorpus, PubMed and Web of Science. We extracted data, charted and synthesised them using the Model of Human Occupation (Kielhofner, 2008) and the social–ecological model (Boulton, Horne & Todd, 2017).FindingsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Key barriers identified in the studies included caregiver/coach knowledge and skill, caregiver resources, relational, environmental and individual capabilities. Key facilitators included choice, needs‐based tailored activities, positive relationships, consideration of cognitive and functional ability, motivational incentives and policy and organisational factors.ConclusionsParticipation in active recreation involves a complex interaction between individuals with learning disabilities, their caregivers and their wider organisational and community networks. This relationship warrants further exploration from the perspective of people with learning disabilities and their proxies, so that we can optimise how we design and deliver active recreational pursuits for this population.
Policy uncertainty and income distribution: Asymmetric evidence from state‐level data in the United States
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Hasanzade Mehrnoosh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious studies that tried to assess the effects of an uncertainty measure on income distribution in the United States used volatility of income as a measure of uncertainty. We use the policy uncertainty index as our measure of uncertainty, which is said to be much more comprehensive than income volatility and assess its asymmetric impact on a measure of income inequality in each state of the United States We find much more significant results compared to previous studies. While we find short‐run asymmetric effects of policy uncertainty in 41 states, short‐run effects translate into the long‐run asymmetric effects in 25 states. Furthermore, we find that while in 20 states decreased policy uncertainty worsened income inequality in 14 states increased policy uncertainty improved it.
Multiple system atrophy variant with severe hippocampal pathology
Authors: Ando Takashi , Riku Yuichi , Akagi Akio , Miyahara Hiroaki , Hirano Mitsuaki , Ikeda Toshimasa , Yabata Hiroyuki , Koizumi Ryuichi , Oba Chisato , Morozumi Saori , Yasui Keizo , Goto Atsuko , Katayama Taiji , Sakakibara Satoko , Aiba Ikuko , Sakai Motoko , Konagaya Masaaki , Mori Keiko , Ito Yasuhiro , Yuasa Hiroyuki , Nomura Masayo , Porto Kristine Joyce L. , Mitsui Jun , Tsuji Shoji , Mimuro Maya , Hashizume Yoshio , Katsuno Masahisa , Iwasaki Yasushi , Yoshida Mari 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems are known to be vulnerable in multiple system atrophy (MSA), showing neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and alpha‐synuclein‐immunoreactive inclusions. MSA patients who displayed abundant neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) in the regions other than the striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar system have occasionally been diagnosed with variants of MSA. In this study, we report clinical and pathologic findings of MSA patients characterized by prominent pathologic involvement of the hippocampus. We assessed 146 consecutively autopsied MSA patients. Semi‐quantitative analysis of anti‐alpha‐synuclein immunohistochemistry revealed that 12 of 146 patients (8.2%) had severe NCIs in two or more of the following areas: the hippocampal granule cells, cornu ammonis areas, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala. In contrast, the remaining 134 patients did not show severe NCIs in any of these regions. Patients with severe hippocampal involvement showed a higher representation of women (nine women/three men; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0324), longer disease duration (13.1 ± 5.9 years; Mann–Whitney U‐test, p = 0.000157), higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (four patients; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0222), and lower brain weight (1070.3 ± 168.6 g; Mann–Whitney U‐test, p = 0.00911) than other patients. The hippocampal granule cells and cornu ammonis area 1/subiculum almost always showed severe NCIs. The NCIs appeared to be ring‐shaped or neurofibrillary tangle‐like, fibrous configurations. Three of 12 patients also had dense, round‐shaped NCIs that were morphologically similar to pick bodies. The patients with Pick body‐like inclusions showed more severe atrophy of the medial temporal lobes and broader spreading of NCIs than those without. Immunohistochemistry for hyperphosphorylated tau and phosphorylated TDP‐43 revealed minimal aggregations in the hippocampus of the hippocampal MSA patients. Our observations suggest a pathological variant of MSA that is characterized by severe involvement of hippocampal neurons. This phenotype may reinforce the importance of neuronal alpha‐synucleinopathy in the pathogenesis of MSA.
Multitarget molecule, PTUPB, to treat diabetic nephropathy in rats
Authors: Khan Md. Abdul Hye , Hwang Sung Hee , Barnett Scott D. , Stavniichuk Anna , Jankiewicz Wojciech K. , Hammock Bruce D. , Imig John D. 
Published: July 2021

Background and PurposeDiabetic nephropathy is a common complications related to high morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. We investigated the action of the dual modulator, PTUPB, a soluble epoxide hydrolase and cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor against diabetic nephropathy.Experimental ApproachSixteen‐week‐old type 2 diabetic and proteinuric obese ZSF1 rats were treated with vehicle, PTUPB or enalapril for 8 weeks. Measurements were made of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, thromboxane B2 (TBX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the kidney of these and lean ZSF1 rats along with their blood pressure.Key ResultObese ZSF1 rats were diabetic with fivefold higher fasting blood glucose levels and markedly higher HbA1c levels compared with lean ZSF1 rats. PTUPB nor enalapril reduced fasting blood glucose or HbA1c but alleviated the development of diabetic nephropathy. In PTUPB‐treated obese ZSF1 rats, glomerular nephrin expression was preserved. Enalapril also alleviated diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic renal injury in obese ZSF1 rats was accompanied by renal inflammation with six to sevenfold higher urinary MCP‐1 (CCR2) level and renal infiltration of CD‐68 positive cells. PTUPB and enalapril significantly reduced urinary MCP‐1 levels and renal mRNA expression of cytokines. Both PTUPB and enalapril lowered blood pressure. PTUPB but not enalapril decreased hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in obese ZSF1 rats.Conclusion and ImplicationsOverall, the dual modulator PTUPB does not treat hyperglycaemia but can effectively alleviate hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, hyperlipidaemia and liver injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Our data further demonstrate that the renal actions of PTUPB are comparable with a current standard diabetic nephropathy treatment.
Customized Summarizations of Visual Data Collections
Authors: Yuan Mengke , Ghanem Bernard , Yan Dong‐Ming , Wu Baoyuan , Zhang Xiaopeng , Wonka Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose a framework to generate customized summarizations of visual data collections, such as collections of images, materials, 3D shapes, and 3D scenes. We assume that the elements in the visual data collections can be mapped to a set of vectors in a feature space, in which a fitness score for each element can be defined, and we pose the problem of customized summarizations as selecting a subset of these elements. We first describe the design choices a user should be able to specify for modeling customized summarizations and propose a corresponding user interface. We then formulate the problem as a constrained optimization problem with binary variables and propose a practical and fast algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Our results show that our problem formulation enables a wide variety of customized summarizations, and that our solver is both significantly faster than state‐of‐the‐art commercial integer programming solvers and produces better solutions than fast relaxation‐based solvers.
Histatin 1 enhanced the speed and quality of wound healing through regulating the behaviour of fibroblast
Authors: Cheng Liuhanghang , Lei Xiaoxuan , Yang Zengjun , Kong Yanan , Xu Pengcheng , Peng Shiya , Wang Jue , Chen Cheng , Dong Yunqing , Hu Xiaohong , Zhang Xiaorong , Forouzanfar Tymour , Wu Gang , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesHistatin 1(Hst 1) has been proved to promote wound healing. However, there was no specific study on the regulation made by Hst 1 of fibroblasts in the process of wound healing. This research comprehensively studied the regulation of Hst 1 on the function of fibroblasts in the process of wound healing and preliminary mechanism about it.Materials and methodsThe full‐thickness skin wound model was made on the back of C57/BL6 mice. The wound healing, collagen deposition and fibroblast distribution were detected on days 3, 5 and 7 after injury. Fibroblast was cultured in vitro and stimulated with Hst 1, and then, their biological characteristics and functions were detected.ResultsHistatin 1 can effectively promote wound healing, improve collagen deposition during and after healing and increase the number and function of fibroblasts. After healing, the mechanical properties of the skin also improved. In vitro, the migration ability of fibroblasts stimulated by Hst 1 was significantly improved, and the fibroblasts transformed more into myofibroblasts, which improved the function of contraction and collagen secretion. In fibroblasts, mTOR signalling pathway can be activated by Hst 1.ConclusionsHistatin 1 can accelerate wound healing and improve the mechanical properties of healed skin by promoting the function of fibroblasts. The intermolecular mechanisms need to be further studied, and this study provides a direction about mTOR signalling pathway.
An update on congenital melanocytic nevus syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Abdulmajid Lilaf , Bosisio Francesca Maria , Brems Hilde , De Vlieger Greet , Garmyn Marjan , Segers Heidi , Demaerel Philippe , Segers Katarina , Jansen Katrien , Lagae Lieven , Verheecke Magali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCongenital melanocytic nevus syndrome (CMNS) is a rare condition characterized by pigmented skin lesions that are usually present at birth and are associated with an increased risk of neurological abnormalities and malignant melanoma. It mostly results from a post‐zygotic NRAS mutation of neural‐derived crest cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Because of the increased knowledge of the genetics underlying CMNS, targeted therapy becomes a promising treatment option. We present a case of CMNS in a newborn. Physical examination at birth showed a giant congenital melanocytic nevus, extending from the occipital to the lower lumbar region. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed multiple cerebral and cerebellar parenchymal lesions. Genetic analysis of the cutaneous lesions showed the presence of an NRAS Q61R mutation. The patient was treated with dermabrasion to reduce the color intensity of the nevus. However, this was complicated by recurrent wound infections and laborious wound healing. At the age of 1 year, the patient had an age‐appropriate psychomotor development, without neurological deficits.
Does digitization lead to the homogenization of cultural content?
Authors: Bourreau Marc , Moreau François , Wikström Patrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing weekly music charts data in 10 countries over the period 1990–2015, we analyze whether digitization leads to a trend of homogenization of music content or conversely to a greater acoustic disparity. We split the digitization era in four periods that correspond to four new emblematic distribution models (Napster, iTunes, YouTube, Spotify). Our main result is that while acoustic diversity decreased during the iTunes and the YouTube periods, the period that begins with the introduction of audio streaming services, such as Spotify, represents a turning point and is marked by a significant increase in acoustic diversity.
Genotype and phenotype distribution of 435 patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease from central south China
Authors: Xie Yongzhi , Lin Zhiqiang , Liu Lei , Li Xiaobo , Huang Shunxiang , Zhao Huadong , Wang Binghao , Zeng Sen , Cao Wanqian , Li Lu , Zhu Xiying , Huang Siwei , Yang Honglan , Wang Mengli , Hu Zhengmao , Wang Junling , Guo Jifeng , Shen Lu , Jiang Hong , Zuchner Stephan , Tang Beisha , Zhang Ruxu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe purpose was to provide an overview of genotype and phenotype distribution in a cohort of patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) and related disorders from central south China.MethodsIn all, 435 patients were enrolled and detailed clinical data were collected. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification for PMP22 duplication/deletion and CMT multi‐gene panel sequencing were performed. Whole exome sequencing was further applied in the remaining patients who failed to achieve molecular diagnosis.ResultsAmong the 435 patients, 216 had CMT1, 14 had hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies (HNPP), 178 had CMT2, 24 had distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) and three had hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN). The overall molecular diagnosis rate was 70%: 75.7% in CMT1, 100% in HNPP, 64.6% in CMT2, 41.7% in dHMN and 33.3% in HSAN. The most common four genotypes accounted for 68.9% of molecular diagnosed patients. Relatively frequent causes were missense changes in PMP22 (4.6%) and SH3TC2 (2.3%) in CMT1; and GDAP1 (5.1%), IGHMBP2 (4.5%) and MORC2 (3.9%) in CMT2. Twenty of 160 detected pathogenic variants and the associated phenotypes have not been previously reported. Broad phenotype spectra were observed in six genes, amongst which the pathogenic variants in BAG3 and SPTLC1 were detected in two sporadic patients presenting with the CMT2 phenotype.ConclusionsOur results provided a unique genotypic and phenotypic landscape of patients with CMT and related disorders from central south China, including a relatively high proportion of CMT2 and lower occurrence of PMP22 duplication. The broad phenotype spectra in certain genes have advanced our understanding of CMT.
Patterns and determinants of phenotypic variability within two invasive crayfish species
Authors: Lang Iris , Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Cucherousset Julien , Loot Géraldine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Knowledge on the ecological determinants and evolutionary processes shaping intraspecific variability in the wild remains scarce. It is particularly needed in the context of biological invasions to fully understand the consequences of invasive species on the functioning of recipient ecosystems.

Using geometric morphometrics, stable isotopes, and elemental composition analyses, we quantified phenotypic variability (morphological, trophic, and stoichiometric traits) within and among invasive populations of two crayfish species with distinct invasion histories over 23 gravel pit lakes in southwest France. We sampled 12 populations of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852) and 11 populations of the spiny‐cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus Rafinesque, 1817). We aimed at unravelling the ecological determinants and the mechanisms (neutral or adaptive) underlying the phenotypic variability among invasive populations.

We demonstrate that, for each group of traits, P. clarkii and F. limosus display contrasting patterns of variance distribution across three ecological scales (population, sex, individual). Then, we demonstrate that P. clarkii trait variation in body morphology and stoichiometry is associated with both ecological and historical determinants (i.e. predation pressure, intraspecific invasion, and invasion age), and morphological traits in F. limosus vary with ecological factors only (i.e. predation pressure and abundance of P. clarkii). Finally, we highlight that different combinations of neutral and adaptive processes shaped the phenotypic variability in the two species, with a higher contribution of adaptive processes in F. limosus.

Overall, these results indicate that F. limosus has already gone through local adaptation in the meta‐population while this has not yet occurred for P. clarkii, which was introduced later. This highlights that these two invasive species might have contrasting effects across ecological scales.

Our study emphasises that studying invasive species can provide great knowledge on intraspecific variability and its ecological determinants and evolutionary processes in the wild. Our results also stress the need to focus on intraspecific variability in the context of biological invasions as it can be substantial across wide geographic areas.
Underlying trends confound estimates of fish population responses to river discharge
Authors: Yen Jian D. L. , Thomson Jim R. , Lyon Jarod P. , Koster Wayne M. , Kitchingman Adrian , Raymond Scott , Stamation Kasey , Tonkin Zeb 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Conservation management of freshwater ecosystems often focuses on mitigating or reversing the negative effects of altered patterns of river discharge. Assessments of management interventions frequently focus on direct, short‐term responses to discharge without consideration of underlying population trends that span multiple years.

We sought to determine the effects on fish populations of annual variation in river discharge and water temperature after accounting for underlying population trends. We used data on five native and one non‐native fish species, collected over 7–20 years in seven rivers in the Murray‐Darling Basin, south‐eastern Australia.

Population trends explained 3.4%–24.6% of the total variation in abundance and biomass of our six study species, while discharge and water temperature explained a further 1.2%–11.4% of this variation. However, population trends confounded the effects of discharge and water temperature, which suggests that the effects of annual discharge conditions may be contingent on past conditions and factors intrinsic to populations (e.g. age structure).

Failing to account for population trends led to a combination of plausible and implausible associations with discharge and water temperature. Plausible associations included positive associations with the magnitude of spring discharge and negative associations with the number of days where discharge was below the long‐term 10th percentile. Determining whether estimated associations are real or artefactual requires a greater focus on the processes that underpin multiyear population trends.

Our results highlight the potential for underlying trends in populations to confound the short‐term effects of discharge. Potential confounding of short‐ and long‐term changes in populations underscores the need to assess responses to river discharge in the context of overarching environmental conditions, including factors other than discharge.
Beyond the Columbian Exchange: Medicine and public health in colonial Latin America
Authors: Ramos Christina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis essay charts a budding history and historiography on medicine and public health in colonial Latin America. It emphasizes the English‐language scholarship, presenting an overview of the field's emerging key themes pitted against its origins in bio‐historical accounts of the Columbian Exchange and its consequences for native survival. While the field remains disjointed with significant gaps in our knowledge, this essay positions the emerging historiography as central to larger conversations taking place within the fields of early modern medicine and science, Atlantic history, and colonial medicine in the 19thand 20thcenturies.
Inaccessible Justice: Exploring the Barriers to Justice and Fairness for Disabled People Accused of a Crime
Authors: GORMLEY CAITLIN , WATSON NICK 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrawing on in‐depth qualitative interviews with 15 people who have learning disabilities, brain injuries, neurodiversity, or mental health conditions accused of a crime in Scotland, this article offers substantive and methodological insights to unpacking perceptions of justice accessibility. We explore barriers to participation in pretrial justice processes for disabled accused people, demonstrating that disabled people are systematically denied a voice and disadvantaged by poor identification and recognition of impairment, insufficient supports or adjustments, and inaccessible information. We discuss participants’ accounts of feeling excluded from, and intimidated by, systems and decisions that are not routinely explained in accessible terms, which, in turn, adversely impacts access to justice and perceptions of fairness. Informed by criminology and disability studies, we argue that the failure of criminal justice systems and practices to acknowledge disability as an equality issue creates disabling barriers that serve to further marginalise disabled people within justice settings.
Cell wall break down of pitanga fruit (Eugenia uniflora L.) is associated with pectic solubilisation and softening
Authors: Oliveira Ana Lázara Matos de , Vilela Daiana Ribeiro , Zitha Elídio Zaidine Maurício , de Barros Hanna Elisia Araújo , Lago Rafael Carvalho do , Carvalho Elisangela Elena Nunes , Vilas Boas Eduardo Valério de Barros 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPitanga fruit stands out for its exotic flavour and antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the physical, chemical and biochemical variables of red pitanga variety, in four stages of development (green, yellow, orange and red) and associate them to the cell wall break down. Analysis of pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, firmness, soluble pectin, pectinamethylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), cell wall swelling and microstructure were performed. pH and levels of soluble solids and soluble pectin increased, in addition to the cell wall swelling and reduction of firmness, throughout the development of pitanga. From the SEM, it was possible to observe the degradation of the fruit cell wall during ripening, suggesting mainly the degradation of pectic polysaccharides, verified by the solubilisation of these substances. PG and PME enzymes were not active, which suggests that other enzymes may be associated with the cell wall break down.