bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Early Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Day-60 Mortality in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Related to Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia
Authors: Dupuis Claire , Bouadma Lila , de Montmollin Etienne , Goldgran-Toledano Dany , Schwebel Carole , Reignier Jean , Neuville Mathilde , Ursino Moreno , Siami Shidasp , Ruckly Stéphane , Alberti Corinne , Mourvillier Bruno , Bailly Sébastien , Grapin Kévin , Laurent Virginie , Buetti Niccolo , Gainnier Marc , Souweine Bertrand , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
About 5% of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 are admitted to the ICU for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Opinions differ on whether invasive mechanical ventilation should be used as first-line therapy over noninvasive oxygen support. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of early invasive mechanical ventilation in coronavirus disease-2019 with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure on day-60 mortality.

Design:
Multicenter prospective French observational study.

Setting:
Eleven ICUs of the French OutcomeRea network.

Patients:
Coronavirus disease-2019 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (Pao
2/Fio
2 ≤ 300 mm Hg), without shock or neurologic failure on ICU admission, and not referred from another ICU or intermediate care unit were included.

Intervention:
We compared day-60 mortality in patients who were on invasive mechanical ventilation within the first 2 calendar days of the ICU stay (early invasive mechanical ventilation group) and those who were not (nonearly invasive mechanical ventilation group). We used a Cox proportional-hazard model weighted by inverse probability of early invasive mechanical ventilation to determine the risk of death at day 60.

Measurement and Main Results:
The 245 patients included had a median (interquartile range) age of 61 years (52–69 yr), a Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score of 34 mm Hg (26–44 mm Hg), and a Pao
2/Fio
2 of 121 mm Hg (90–174 mm Hg). The rates of ICU-acquired pneumonia, bacteremia, and the ICU length of stay were significantly higher in the early (n = 117 [48%]) than in the nonearly invasive mechanical ventilation group (n = 128 [52%]), p < 0.01. Day-60 mortality was 42.7% and 21.9% in the early and nonearly invasive mechanical ventilation groups, respectively. The weighted model showed that early invasive mechanical ventilation increased the risk for day-60 mortality (weighted hazard ratio =1.74; 95% CI, 1.07–2.83, p=0.03).

Conclusions:
In ICU patients admitted with coronavirus disease-2019-induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, early invasive mechanical ventilation was associated with an increased risk of day-60 mortality. This result needs to be confirmed.
Alabama Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health Through Telemedicine (AL-SIGHT): Study Design and Methodology
Authors: Rhodes Lindsay A. , Register Shilpa , Asif Irfan , McGwin Gerald , Saaddine Jinan , Nghiem Van Thi Ha , Owsley Cynthia , Girkin Christopher A. 
Published: January 2021

Précis:
This paper presents the methods and protocol of a community-based telemedicine program to identify glaucoma and other eye diseases.

Purpose:
To describe the study rationale and design of the Alabama Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and eye Health through Telemedicine project.

Methods:
The study will implement and evaluate a telemedicine-based detection strategy for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and other eye diseases in at-risk patients seen at federally qualified health centers located in rural Alabama. The study will compare the effectiveness of the remote use of structural and functional ocular imaging devices to an in-person examination. Study participants will receive a remote ocular assessment consisting of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field testing, and imaging of the retina and optic nerve with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and the data will be reviewed by an ophthalmologist and optometrist. It will also compare the effectiveness of financial incentives along with a validated patient education program versus a validated patient education program alone in improving follow-up adherence. Finally, cost and cost-effectiveness analyses will be performed on the telemedicine program compared with standard in-person care using effectiveness measured in numbers of detected eye disease cases.

Conclusions:
The study aims to develop a model eye health system using telemedicine to prevent vision loss and address eye health among underserved and at-risk populations.
Oral Versus Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Treatment for People With Severe Schizophrenia
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Juan J. , Díaz-Fernández Silvia , López-Muñoz Francisco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The objective here is to compare the effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI-APs) and oral ones (OAPs) in patients with severe (Global Clinical Impression–Severity ≥ 5) schizophrenia (N = 688). A 5-year follow-up study has been conducted in patients undergoing standard treatment in mental health units (MHUs) or on a severe mental illness program (SMIP). A total of 8.7% of the patients on the SMIP discontinued treatment, whereas 43.6% did so in MHUs (p < 0.0001). In both cases, treatment retention was significantly higher in patients on LAI-APs (p < 0.001). Also, hospital admissions were in both cases fewer among those on LAI-APs (p < 0.001). There was a significant link between suicide attempts and OAP treatment (p < 0.01). Given the relationship between the use of LAI-APs versus oral treatments in achieving higher adherence and less relapses and suicide attempts, the use of second-generation antipsychotics LAIs should be considered more suitable for people with severe schizophrenia.
Unnatural Deaths of the Elderly Population of Sri Lanka
Authors: Vadysinghe Amal Nishantha , Senasinghe Prabath , Sivasubramanium Murugupillai , Jayasooriya Pemasiri , Premarathna Bhatiya G. , Rathnayake Rathnayake Mudiyanselage Isuri Saumya D. , Wickramasinghe Wickramasinghe Mudiyanselage Medhani Hasanthika P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As people age, they may become more vulnerable to injury because of frailty, ill health, or dependency on others. Data from medicolegal death investigation including autopsy and statements from cases reported to 3 medicolegal units in Sri Lanka were analyzed in this study under the strict ethical framework. Of the study population, 265 were male and 75 were female. Mean age was 71.14 years. Commonest manner of death was accidental (62.1%) followed by suicide (32.1%) and homicide (5.6%). Commonest types of incidents were road traffic accidents (26.5%), falls (22.6%), and poisoning (21.2%). Among the road traffic accidents, pedestrians (77.9%) were the majority. Poisoning (59.6%) was the commonest method of suicide. The commonest weapons used in homicides were blunt weapons (47.3%). Association with alcohol was seen in more than 10% of suicidal and accidental deaths. More attention should be given to the elderly people who are using the roads while developing policies by the state. Furthermore, it is high time to think about psychological aspect in the elderly care management specially alcohol abuse and suicidal ideation among them.
Virologic response of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in the period of early adolescence (10–14 years) in South Africa
Authors: Nyakato Patience , Schomaker Michael , Sipambo Nosisa , Technau Karl-Günter , Fatti Geoffrey , Rabie Helena , Tanser Frank , Eley Brian , Euvrard Jonathan , Wood Robin , Tsondai Priscilla R. , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Cornell Morna , Davies Mary-Ann 
Published: January 2021

Background and objectives:
Adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV (ALPHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been noted to have poorer adherence, retention and virologic control compared to adolescents with non-perinatally acquired HIV, children or adults. We aimed to describe and examine factors associated with longitudinal virologic response during early adolescence.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study

Methods:
We included ALPHIV who initiated ART before age 9.5 years in South African cohorts of the International epidemiology Database to Evaluate AIDS-Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA) collaboration (2004–2016); with viral load (VL) values <400 copies/ml at age 10 years and at least one VL measurement after age 10 years. We used a log-linear quantile mixed model to assess factors associated with elevated (75th quantile) VLs.

Results:
We included 4396 ALPHIV, 50.7% were male, with median (interquartile range) age at ART start of 6.5 (4.5, 8.1) years. Of these, 74.9% were on a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) at age 10 years. After adjusting for other patient characteristics, the 75th quantile VLs increased with increasing age being 3.13-fold (95% CI 2.66, 3.68) higher at age 14 versus age 10, were 3.25-fold (95% CI 2.81, 3.75) higher for patients on second-line protease-inhibitor and 1.81-fold for second-line NNRTI-based regimens (versus first-line NNRTI-based regimens). There was no difference by sex.

Conclusions:
As adolescents age between 10 and 14 years, they are increasingly likely to experience higher VL values, particularly if receiving second-line protease inhibitor or NNRTI-based regimens, which warrant adherence support interventions.
An Unusual Case of Esophageal Carcinosarcoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Li Chongjiao , Tian Yueli , Chen Jie , Wen Bing , He Yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is a rare malignant neoplasm. Here, we report a case of esophageal carcinosarcoma with lymphatic and pulmonary metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a 64-year-old woman.
Ectopic Pancreatitis in the Gastric Antrum Mimicking Malignancy on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wang Ling , Li Ling , Fu Liping , Zheng Yumin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 34-year-old man suffered intermittent abdominal pain for 1 month, especially after drinking or eating. Enhancement CT was performed to determine the cause, which detected a soft tissue mass in the gastric antrum, suggestive of possible malignancy. FDG PET/CT scan was undertaken for staging, which showed increased metabolism in the known gastric mass, also suggestive of malignancy. However, this lesion was confirmed as ectopic pancreatitis pathologically.
FDG-Avid Erythema Nodosum Lesions of Behçet Disease Demonstrated on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kesim Selin , Ozguven Salih , Ones Tunc , Turoglu Halil Turgut , Erdil Tanju Yusuf 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Behçet disease is a rare multisystemic vasculitis that can affect all sizes and types of blood vessels. Recurrent painful erythematous nodular lesions called erythema nodosum are the most common skin lesions of Behçet disease. Herein, we present 18F-FDG PET/CT images of erythema nodosum lesions in a patient with Behçet disease.
Factors Affecting Implementation of Simulation-Based Education After Faculty Training in a Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Seethamraju Rajasri R. , Stone Kimberly P. , Shepherd Michael 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Simulation instructor training is a recognized key component of health care simulation implementation, including in low-resource settings. PediSTARS India (Pediatric Simulation Training and Research Society) has developed and delivered several instructor training courses and more recently a 3-level faculty development program. However, there is variability in adoption of simulation at workplaces. The goal of this study was to identify factors that influence translation of instructor training into workplace simulation.

Methods
At the conclusion of their faculty development program, participants of the 2018 PediSTARS simulation instructor workshop were invited to participate in a qualitative study with an online questionnaire followed by a semistructured interview. The 3 key questions explored the “enablers,” “barriers,” and “changes needed” at workplaces for simulation-based training. The responses were analyzed and classified into broad themes.

Results
Of the 76 participants of the workshop, 11 were interviewed. The enablers were classified under 3 themes; “management support,” “trained team” and “smart sourcing.” Barriers were “lack of infrastructure,” “lack of time,” and “lack of simulation culture.” The proposed changes were to “raise awareness,” “strengthen systems,” and “curricular integration.”

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the importance of institutional leadership support for simulation-based training and also that new instructors should focus on training teams in the workplace and mapping simulation activities to existing curricula. These results have wide applicability to a variety of health care settings and instructor training programs. Collaboration between organizations for further research about the impact of simulation-based training on patient safety and outcomes is also required.
Mass Training In Situ During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Delamarre Louis , Couarraze Sébastien , Vardon-Bounes Fanny , Marhar Fouad , Fernandes Marilyne , Legendre Muriel , Houze-Cerfon Charles-Henri , Rigal Rachel , Pizzuto Richard , Mathe Olivier , Larcher Claire , Ruiz Jean , Ferré Fabrice , Riu Béatrice , Seguin Thierry , Osinski Diane , Silva Stein , Malavaud Sandra , Georges Bernard , Minville Vincent , Fourcade Olivier , Geeraerts Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Avoiding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) work-related infection in frontline healthcare workers is a major challenge. A massive training program was launched in our university hospital for anesthesia/intensive care unit and operating room staff, aiming at upskilling 2249 healthcare workers for COVID-19 patients' management. We hypothesized that such a massive training was feasible in a 2-week time frame and efficient in avoiding sick leaves.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study. Training focused on personal protective equipment donning/doffing and airway management in a COVID-19 simulated patient. The educational models used were in situ procedural and immersive simulation, peer-teaching, and rapid cycle deliberate practice. Self-learning organization principles were used for trainers' management. Ordinary disease quantity in full-time equivalent in March and April 2020 were compared with the same period in 2017, 2018, and 2019.

Results
A total of 1668 healthcare workers were trained (74.2% of the target population) in 99 training sessions over 11 days. The median number of learners per session was 16 (interquartile range = 9–25). In the first 5 days, the median number of people trained per weekday was 311 (interquartile range = 124–385). Sick leaves did not increase in March to April 2020 compared with the same period in the 3 preceding years.

Conclusions
Massive training for COVID-19 patient management in frontline healthcare workers is feasible in a very short time and efficient in limiting the rate of sick leave. This experience could be used in the anticipation of new COVID-19 waves or for rapidly preparing hospital staff for an unexpected major health crisis.
Internet Use in Aphasia
Authors: Menger Fiona , Morris Julie , Salis Christos 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
This article uses an illustrative case example to discuss a means of producing a holistic profile of Internet use for individuals with aphasia.

Methods:
The authors used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health as a framework to select novel and existing assessments to explore the Internet use and skills of a 74-year-old retired academic with severe aphasia.

Results:
Quantitative and qualitative assessment results revealed that language impairment, nonverbal impairment, nonverbal aspects of cognition, and hemiparesis had an impact on the individual's ability to use the Internet independently for many previous professional activities; however, relevant Personal Factors showed him to have strong goals and motivation to continue to use the Internet for email and gaining information about topics such as sports. Consideration of Environmental Factors provided insight into barriers and facilitators to Internet use and into the skills of people providing support.

Discussion/conclusions:
This approach to profiling Internet use in aphasia may be clinically useful in identifying key factors at work to guide information gathering and decision making with people with aphasia. Implications about SLP preparation and funding policies related to therapeutic priorities also are discussed.
Correlation of Pattern Reversal and Flash Visual Evoked Potential Latencies With Optical Coherence Tomography Measures in Patients With Optic Neuropathy and Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Without Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Moussa Hussein , Sawaya Raja A. , Deeb Rudy , El Ayoubi Nabil 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The object of the study is to relate the pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) and flash VEP (f-VEP) latencies with retinal neurons and their fibers.

Methods:
We studied 104 eyes. Forty-two eyes from patients with optic neuritis (ON), 28 eyes from patients with multiple sclerosis without involvement of the optic nerves (MS–non-ON), and 34 eyes of normal controls.

Results:
Pattern reversal visual evoked potential latency is more delayed in patients with ON than in patients with multiple sclerosis nonON. Flash visual evoked potential (f-VEP) latency was delayed in both categories. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness was lower in patients with ON and multiple sclerosis non-ON. In patients with ON, f-VEP latencies correlated negatively with pRNFL thickness but not GCIPL thickness. In patients with ON, PRVEP latencies did not correlate with pRNFL thickness but correlate negatively with GCIPL thickness.

Conclusions:
Patients with ON have delayed VEPs and thinner optical coherence tomography values. Flash visual evoked potentials correlate with pRNFL, indicating axonal pathology. PRVEP correlate with GCIPL, indicating ganglion cell pathology. Abnormal PRVEP with preserved normal f-VEP indicate isolated myelin damage. Abnormalities in both PRVEP and f-VEP indicate myelin and axonal damage in the optic nerve. Combining the results of PRVEP, f-VEP, pRNFL, and GCIPL, one can define the location, type, and extent of the lesion in the macula and optic nerve.
Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis of associations between periodontal disease and risk of colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers
Authors: Corlin Laura , Ruan Mengyuan , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Bouras Emmanouil , Yu Yau-Hua , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael , Klein Alison P. , Risch Harvey A. , Amos Christopher I. , Sakoda Lori C. , Vodička Pavel , Pai Rish K. , Beck James , Platz Elizabeth A. , Michaud Dominique S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObservational studies indicate that periodontal disease may increase the risk of colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. We tested these associations using two-sample Mendelian randomization to emulate a randomized study with observational data. We developed an instrument including single nucleotide polymorphisms with strong genome-wide association study evidence for associations with aggressive and/or advanced periodontal disease. We used this instrument to assess associations with summary-level genetic data for colorectal cancer (n=58,131 cases), lung cancer (n=18,082 cases), and pancreatic cancer (n=9254 cases). The genetic predisposition index for periodontitis was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (p=0.026), colon cancer (p=0.021), proximal colon cancer (p=0.013), and colorectal cancer among females (p=0.039); however, it was not significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer or pancreatic cancer, overall or within most subgroups. Further research should determine whether increased periodontitis prevention and increased cancer surveillance of patients with periodontitis is warranted.
New Role of Red Blood Cells in Absorption of DNA Bearing Tumorigenic Mutations from Lung Cancer Tissue
Authors: Liang Nai-Xin , Wang Tao , Zhang Cong , Jiao Zichen , Song Tianqiang , Liang Hongwei , Chen Qihan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRed blood cells (RBC) are commonly assumed to be vehicles for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and cells’ metabolic byproducts. In this study, we investigated whether RBC may contain cancer-cell derived DNA and whether such cargo may be used as a biomarker for detecting cancer. Using anin vitroco-culture system, we showed that RBC could absorb DNA bearing tumorigenic mutations from cancer cell lines. Next, we demonstrated that we could detect common genetic mutations, includingEGFR19 deletion, L858R, andKRASG12 in RBC collected from early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. We were able to repeat our finding using both next-generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR. Our study highlights a new biological phenomenon involving RBC and their translational potential as a novel liquid biopsy technology platform that can be used for early cancer screening.
Tool for estimating the probability of having COVID-19 with one or more negative RT-PCR results
Authors: Jara Alejandro , Undurraga Eduardo A. , Araos Rafael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarly case detection and isolation of infected individuals are critical to controlling COVID-19. RT-PCR is considered the diagnosis gold standard, but false-negatives occur. Based on previous work, we built a user-friendly online tool to estimate the probability of having COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR results and thus avoid preventable SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Developmental and behavioral phenotypes in a new mouse model of DDX3X syndrome
Authors: Boitnott Andrea , Ung Dévina C , Garcia-Forn Marta , Niblo Kristi , Mendonca Danielle , Flores Michael , Maxwell Sylvia , Ellegood Jacob , Qiu Lily R , Grice Dorothy E , Lerch Jason P , Rasin Mladen-Roko , Buxbaum Joseph D , Drapeau Elodie , Rubeis Silvia De 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundMutations in the X-linked geneDDX3Xaccount for ~2% of intellectual disability in females, often co-morbid with behavioral problems, motor deficits, and brain malformations.DDX3Xencodes an RNA helicase with emerging functions in corticogenesis and synaptogenesis.MethodsWe generated aDdx3xhaploinsufficient mouse (Ddx3x+/−) with construct validity forDDX3Xloss-of-function mutations. We used standardized batteries to assess developmental milestones and adult behaviors, as well as magnetic resonance imaging and immunostaining of cortical projection neurons to capture early postnatal changes in brain development.ResultsDdx3x+/−mice show physical, sensory, and motor delays that evolve into behavioral anomalies in adulthood, including hyperactivity, anxiety-like behaviors, cognitive impairments, and motor deficits. Motor function further declines with age. These behavioral changes are associated with a reduction in brain volume, with some regions (e.g., cortex and amygdala) disproportionally affected. Cortical thinning is accompanied by defective cortical lamination, indicating thatDdx3xregulates the balance of glutamatergic neurons in the developing cortex.ConclusionsThese data shed new light on the developmental mechanisms driving DDX3X syndrome and support face validity of this novel pre-clinical mouse model.