bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between water flow and microplastics in silt loam and loamy sand
Authors: Xing Xuguang , Yu Miao , Xia Tianjiao , Ma Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe threat of microplastics (MPs) intervention in cropland always results in water flow alteration, which is the leading cause behind MP transport and distribution. This study investigated water infiltration and MP transport and distribution on MP‐contaminated silt loam and loamy sand to explore how water flow and MP affect each other and reveal their mechanisms. The results indicated that water infiltration increased as the content of MPs present in the soils increased from 1 to 7% (w/w), which increased the MPs in deeper soil layers. For the silt loam sample, the MP concentration first increased to higher levels at 15–20 cm and then decreased. The MPs with sizes of 0–150 and 150–500 μm were found in excess at 25‐to‐30‐cm and 5‐to‐20‐cm depths, respectively. In the case of the loamy sand sample, the MP concentration gradually increased up to 30‐cm depth, and the MPs with sizes of 0–150 and 150—500 μm were found in excess at 5‐to‐10‐cm and 15‐to‐30‐cm depths, respectively. The increased infiltration was due to the increased hydraulic conductivity resulting from inhibition of soil particle aggregation, increased soil porosity, and strong hydrophobicity of MP particles. The difference in proportions of various MP particle sizes in soil layers was due to the differences in migration ability in pores for various soil samples and MP particle aggregation features.
Proactive content caching in edge computing environment: A review
Authors: Aghazadeh Rafat , Shahidinejad Ali , Ghobaei‐Arani Mostafa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEdge computing environment provides processing capability and computing at the network edge and close to users. Edge equipment includes small data centers that locally perform process and content delivery. Therefore, edge equipment management has received much attention due to the rapid growth of information and resources limitations. The content caching and proactive caching techniques are management methods of edge equipment resources. We recently witnessed the development of proactive caching mechanisms that have a crucial enabler in improving heavy traffic, energy, and bandwidth. Also, it has huge potential to increase the quick response time to users' requests that today, these services are demanded by many users and applications. This article prepares a systematic literature review content caching approach in the edge computing environment. The purpose of this study is to survey the research done on the proactive caching strategies in the edge computing environment to identify subjects that must be emphasized more in current and future research paths. This research has studied 71 articles divided into three classes: model‐based, machine‐learning‐based, and heuristic‐based. Next, we discuss content caching approaches based on critical factors such as performance metrics, case studies, utilized techniques, assessment tools, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, open issues and challenges are presented, and the survey is concluded.
Exploring student satisfaction in experiential learning at the University of Ottawa
Authors: O'Connor Eileen , Cianciotta Jasmine , Crête Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article explores students’ satisfaction in experiential learning in the undergraduate program in Human Kinetics at the University of Ottawa. Specifically, this article explores undergraduate students’ satisfaction of their 4th year internship. It situates students’ recommendations within the SoTL literature on research‐informed practices in experiential learning and student engagement.
Engaging students as co‐creators of course resources and learning experiences
Authors: Carle Myriam S. , Deng Jacky M. , Huang Denzel , Lapierre Keith R. , Mesnic Natalie , Bodé Nicholas E. , Featherstone Ryan B. , Ingram Quinn , O'Connor Emily K. , Roberge Sebastien , Roy Kevin , Veilleux‐Deschênes Joëlle , Znotinas Annie , Flynn Alison B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the benefits and barriers to engaging students as partners in educational projects.
Strategic approach on flow characteristics of magnetic nano adsorbent on treatment of dye wastewater
Authors: Radha Kuravappullam Vedaiyan , Balajee Linkesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present study, magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized through chemical precipitation using sodium hydroxide as precipitating agent. On characterization, X‐ray diffraction results revealed the formation of pure crystalline nanoparticles. Chemical bond formations were confirmed through Fourier transform infrared analyzes. Scanning Electron Microscope showed spherical shaped nanoparticles and Transmission Electron Microscope analysis confirmed the size range between 46.47 and 51.02 nm for 0.3 and 0.4 M of sodium hydroxide. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analyzes confirmed high purity for the synthesized nanoparticles. On dye adsorption, 94.56% and 98.35% adsorption were achieved for Eosin and Reactive dyes, respectively. The experiments fitted well with Langmuir model and pseudo‐second order was the best fit (R2  =  0.99 for Eosin and 0.985 for Reactive dye) with observed rate constant as 4 × 10−2 g mg−1 min−1 and 6 × 10−2 g mg−1 min−2. On flow parameter study for effective adsorption, it was found that the nanoparticles were preserved in the column for various pore volume without distinctive discharge. Desorption studies were done and it was found that 95% effectiveness achieved for five cycles. Therefore, the magnetic nanoparticles can be used as potential nano adsorbent for the degradation of dyes without affecting the environment.
Relevance of membrane biological reactor in heavy metals recovery: Diminutive review
Authors: Mengesha Alemu , Sahu Omprakash 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeavy metals are extensively utilized in modern industries in various process. Subsequently a large quantity of waste generated as byproduct that have great impact on environment. A higher concentration of almost all heavy metals are toxic in nature for all living organisms. Therefore, the wastes discharged from the conventional treatment plants deteriorate the natural ecosystems; qualities of water sources and farmlands. Globally, activated sludge waste treatment technology have been widely used as a metal recovery process. The technique miscarried to attain the anticipated removal efficiency. Recently, membrane biological reactor (MBR) system has emerged as an important alternative to conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems. The work describes the potency of microbes for extraction heavy metal from wastes, the enhancements in biotechnology, characterization of specific wastes, optimization parameters to operate under various conditions that prevail in membrane bioreactors. The performance of the MBR technology shows good results to reduce all types heavy metals with supporting evidence, which obtained from the results of prominent studies.
The advantages and synergistic effects of Gunnera (Gundelia tournefortii L.) extract and protexin in chicken production
Authors: Gholami‐Ahangaran Majid , Haj‐Salehi Maziar , Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi Asiye , Zokaei Maryam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundProbiotics and phytogenics in the poultry diet have many positive effects on productivity. The combination of these feed additives has not been studied.ObjectiveThis study was designed for evaluation of synergistic effects of protexin (P) and Gunnera (Gundelia tournefortii L.) extract (GX) on growth, biochemical, hematological and antioxidant status of broiler chickens.MethodsTotally, 300 chicks were divided into 4 groups that fed the basal diet, diet containing P, GX, and GX
plus P (GX‐P) in all over the growing period. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from all chickens. The concentration of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), haematological parameters, and humeral antibody against Newcastle disease vaccine was measured.ResultsThe Results showed that the feed conversion ratio in chickens fed GX‐P was significantly lower than others. Also, in chickens fed GX or GX‐P, the TG and CHL concentration was significantly lower and GPx and TAC concentration was significantly higher than others, while chickens that received P or GX‐P showed higher haemoglobin and TP concentration. The antibody response was significantly higher in chickens fed P. The ALT, AST, ALP, and SOD concentration did not show any significant difference in all chickens.ConclusionContinuous utilization of P along with GX in broiler diets can induce synergist effect on feed efficacy and antioxidant status, lowering lipid profiles with no effect on liver function in chickens.
Late recanalization after complete occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in a Pembroke Welsh Corgi with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Kochi Masaki , Sugimoto Keisuke , Inoue Michito , Aoki Takuma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 36‐month‐old female Pembroke Welsh Corgi with a cardiac murmur weighing 12.6 kg was referred to the Matsubara Animal Hospital cardiology service. Echocardiography revealed a patent ductus arteriosus. The dog underwent ductus arteriosus closure using an Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder. After the operation, we suspected coagulation and a platelet disorder because of the slightly increased haemorrhage during the operation, postoperative purpura around the surgical wound inside of the thigh, and dog breed, which is known to be commonly affected with von Willebrand disease (vWD). Subsequently, type 1 vWD was confirmed. Complete occlusion was achieved 1 month after the operation; however, 2 months after the operation, recanalization appeared. Recanalization progressed gradually; cardiac redilation was not detected 6 years after the operation. The late recanalization was most likely associated with vWD. In canine breeds pre‐disposed to developing vWD, pre‐operative testing may be indicated prior to patent ductus arteriosus occlusion, though the prevalence of vWD is rare.
Bears with Hats and Independence Polynomials
Authors: Blažej Václav , Dvořák Pavel , Opler Michal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsider the following hat guessing game. A bear sits on each vertex of a graph G, and a demon puts on each bear a hat colored by one of h colors. Each bear sees only the hat colors of his neighbors. Based on this information only, each bear has to guess g colors and he guesses correctly if his hat color is included in his guesses. The bears win if at least one bear guesses correctly for any hat arrangement.We introduce a new parameter—fractional hat chromatic number $$\hat{\mu }$$, arising from the hat guessing game. The parameter $$\hat{\mu }$$ is related to the hat chromatic number which has been studied before. We present a surprising connection between the hat guessing game and the independence polynomial of graphs. This connection allows us to compute the fractional hat chromatic number of chordal graphs in polynomial time, to bound fractional hat chromatic number by a function of maximum degree of G, and to compute the exact value of $$\hat{\mu }$$ of cliques, paths, and cycles.
FPT Algorithms to Compute the Elimination Distance to Bipartite Graphs and More
Authors: Jansen Bart M. P. , de Kroon Jari J. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor a hereditary graph class $$\mathcal {H}$$, the $$\mathcal {H}$$-elimination distance of a graph G is the minimum number of rounds needed to reduce G to a member of $$\mathcal {H}$$ by removing one vertex from each connected component in each round. The $$\mathcal {H}$$-treewidth of a graph G is the minimum, taken over all vertex sets X for which each connected component of $$G - X$$ belongs to $$\mathcal {H}$$, of the treewidth of the graph obtained from G by replacing the neighborhood of each component of $$G-X$$ by a clique and then removing $$V(G) \setminus X$$. These parameterizations recently attracted interest because they are simultaneously smaller than the graph-complexity measures treedepth and treewidth, respectively, and the vertex-deletion distance to $$\mathcal {H}$$. For the class $$\mathcal {H}$$ of bipartite graphs, we present non-uniform fixed-parameter tractable algorithms for testing whether the $$\mathcal {H}$$-elimination distance or $$\mathcal {H}$$-treewidth of a graph is at most k. Along the way, we also provide such algorithms for all graph classes $$\mathcal {H}$$ defined by a finite set of forbidden induced subgraphs.
Twistor Actions for Integrable Systems
Authors: Penna Robert F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany integrable systems can be reformulated as holomorphic vector bundles on twistor space. This is a powerful organizing principle in the theory of integrable systems. One shortcoming is that it is formulated at the level of the equations of motion. From this perspective, it is mysterious that integrable systems have Lagrangians. In this paper, we study a Chern-Simons action on twistor space and use it to derive the Lagrangians of some integrable sigma models. Our focus is on examples that come from dimensionally reduced gravity and supergravity. The dimensional reduction of general relativity to two spacetime dimensions is an integrable coset sigma model coupled to a dilaton and 2d gravity. The dimensional reduction of supergravity to two spacetime dimensions is an integrable coset sigma model coupled to matter fermions, a dilaton, and 2d supergravity. We derive Lax operators and Lagrangians for these 2d integrable systems using the Chern-Simons theory on twistor space. In the supergravity example, we use an extended setup in which twistor Chern-Simons theory is coupled to a pair of matter fermions.
Control of the eIF4E activity: structural insights and pharmacological implications
Authors: Romagnoli Alice , D’Agostino Mattia , Ardiccioni Chiara , Maracci Cristina , Motta Stefano , La Teana Anna , Di Marino Daniele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe central role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in controlling mRNA translation has been clearly assessed in the last decades. eIF4E function is essential for numerous physiological processes, such as protein synthesis, cellular growth and differentiation; dysregulation of its activity has been linked to ageing, cancer onset and progression and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). The interaction between eIF4E and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) is crucial for the assembly of the translational machinery, the initial step of mRNA translation. A well-characterized group of proteins, named 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs), inhibits the eIF4E–eIF4G interaction by competing for the same binding site on the eIF4E surface. 4E-BPs and eIF4G share a single canonical motif for the interaction with a conserved hydrophobic patch of eIF4E. However, a second non-canonical and not conserved binding motif was recently detected for eIF4G and several 4E-BPs. Here, we review the structural features of the interaction between eIF4E and its molecular partners eIF4G and 4E-BPs, focusing on the implications of the recent structural and biochemical evidence for the development of new therapeutic strategies. The design of novel eIF4E-targeting molecules that inhibit translation might provide new avenues for the treatment of several conditions.
Concept development of a method for identifying friction coefficients for the numerical simulation of clinching processes
Authors: Böhnke Max , Rossel Moritz , Bielak Christian R. , Bobbert Mathias , Meschut Gerson 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to reduce fuel consumption and thus pollutant emissions, the automotive industry is increasingly developing lightweight construction concepts that are accompanied by an increasing usage of aluminum materials. Due to poor weldability of aluminum in combination with other materials, mechanical joining methods such as clinching were developed and established in series production. In order to predict the relevant characteristics of clinched joints and to ensure the reliability of the process, it is simulated numerically during product development processes. In this regard, the predictive accuracy of the simulated process highly depends on the implemented friction model. In particular, the frictional behavior between the sheet metals as well as between the sheet metal and clinching tools has a significant impact on the geometrical formation of the clinched joint. No testing methods exist that can sufficiently investigate the frictional behavior in sheet materials, especially under high interface pressures, different relative velocities, and long friction paths, while allowing a decoupled consideration of the test parameters. This paper describes the development of further testing concepts based on a proven tribo-torsion test method for determining friction coefficients between sheet metal materials for the simulation of clinching processes. For this purpose, the correlation of interface pressure and the relative velocity between aluminum and steel sheet material in clinching processes is investigated using numerical simulation. Based on these findings, the developed concepts focus on determining friction coefficients at interface pressures of the above materials, yield stress, as well as the reproduction of the occurring friction conditions between sheet metal materials and tool surfaces in clinching processes using tool substitutes. Furthermore, wear investigations between sheet metal material and tool surface were carried out in the friction tests with subsequent EDX analyses of the frictioned tool surfaces. The developed method also allows an optical deformation measurement of the sheet metal material specimen by means of digital image correlation (DIC). Based on a methodological approach, the test setups and the test systems used are explained, and the functionality of the concepts is proven by experimental tests using different sheet metal materials.
Optimization of hyphenated asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the analysis of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solutions
Authors: Geißler Felix , Martínez-Cabanas María , Lodeiro Pablo , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe extensive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products, medicine, and industry leads to their release into the environment. Thus, a characterization of the concentration, size, fate, and toxicity of AgNPs under environmental conditions is required. In this study, we present the characterization and optimization of an asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) system coupled with UV/Vis spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering (DLS) detector as a powerful tool for the size separation and multi-parameter characterization of AgNPs in complex matrices. The hyphenated AF4-UV/Vis-DLS system was first characterized using individual injections of the different size fractions. We used electrostatically stabilized AgNPs of 20-, 50-, and 80-nm nominal diameters coated with lipoic acid. We investigated the effect of applied cross-flows, carrier solutions, focus times, and quantity of injected particles on the nature of the AF4 fractograms and on the integrity of the AgNPs. Best size separation of a 1:1 mixture of 20- and 80-nm AgNPs was achieved using cross-flows of 0.5 and 0.7 mL/min with 1 mM NaCl and 0.05% v/v Mucasol as carrier solutions. We also researched the behavior of AgNPs in natural waters using the hyphenated AF4-UV/Vis-DLS system, under determined optimal conditions.
Graphical abstract
Fibroblast activation protein targeted therapy using [177Lu]FAPI-46 compared with [225Ac]FAPI-46 in a pancreatic cancer model
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Watabe Tadashi , Kaneda-Nakashima Kazuko , Shirakami Yoshifumi , Naka Sadahiro , Ooe Kazuhiro , Toyoshima Atsushi , Nagata Kojiro , Haberkorn Uwe , Kratochwil Clemens , Shinohara Atsushi , Hatazawa Jun , Giesel Frederik 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which has high expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts of epithelial cancers, can be used as a theranostic target. Our previous study used 64Cu and 225Ac-labelled FAP inhibitors (FAPI-04) for a FAP-expressing pancreatic cancer xenograft imaging and therapy. However, the optimal therapeutic radionuclide for FAPI needs to be investigated further. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of beta-emitter (177Lu)-labelled FAPI-46 and alpha-emitter (225Ac)-labelled FAPI-46 in pancreatic cancer models.

Methods
PET scans (1 h post injection) were acquired in PANC-1 xenograft mice (n = 9) after the administration of [18F]FAPI-74 (12.4 ± 1.7 MBq) for the companion imaging. The biodistribution of [177Lu]FAPI-46 and [225Ac]FAPI-46 were evaluated in the xenograft model (total n = 12). For the determination of treatment effects, [177Lu]FAPI-46 and [225Ac]FAPI-46 were injected into PANC-1 xenograft mice at different doses: 3 MBq (n = 6), 10 MBq (n = 6), 30 MBq (n = 6), control (n = 4) for [177Lu]FAPI-46, and 3 kBq (n = 3), 10 kBq (n = 2), 30 kBq (n = 6), control (n = 7) for [225Ac]FAPI-46. Tumour sizes and body weights were followed.

Results
[18F]FAPI-74 showed rapid clearance by the kidneys and high accumulation in the tumour and intestine 1 h after administration. [177Lu]FAPI-46 and [225Ac]FAPI-46 also showed rapid clearance by the kidneys and relatively high accumulation in the tumour at 3 h. Both [177Lu]FAPI-46 and [225Ac]FAPI-46 showed tumour-suppressive effects, with a mild decrease in body weight. The treatment effects of [177Lu]FAPI-46 were relatively slow but lasted longer than those of [225Ac]FAPI-46.

Conclusion
This study suggested the possible application of FAPI radioligand therapy in FAP-expressing pancreatic cancer. Further evaluation is necessary to find the best radionuclide with shorter half-life, as well as the combination with therapies targeting tumour cells directly.