bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of widespread extreme cold and warm days in winter over China and their possible causes
Authors: Zuo Zhiyan , Li Mingqian , An Ning , Xiao Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe two leading modes of winter surface air temperature (SAT) over China during 1961–2017 are a spatially consistent pattern and a north-south dipole pattern. Based on the two leading modes, the characteristics of the extreme cold and warm days in the two patterns, defined by the standard deviation larger than 1.28 or smaller than −1.28 in the time series of the two leading modes, are analyzed. With the increase of winter SAT during 1961–2017, the number of spatially consistent extreme cold days decreased and their occurrence was restricted to late December to early January, whereas the number of spatially consistent extreme warm days increased significantly in January and February. Global warming is associated with an increase in the spatially consistent extreme warm days and a decrease in spatially consistent extreme cold days, but has little relation to the sum of extreme cold and warm days of either the spatially consistent or north-south dipole pattern. The Siberian High (SH) is the main factor controlling the sum of spatially consistent extreme warm and cold days. The strong (weak) SH before (after) the 1990s corresponds to an increase (decrease) in the sum of the spatially consistent extreme warm and cold days. The occurrences of extreme south-cold-north-warm and extreme south-warm-north-cold days are related to the north-south difference of the SH. When the center of the SH is in mid-high latitudes, the extreme south-warm-north-cold (south-cold-north-warm) days occur more (less) often. During the winters of 1961–2017, the total number of extreme cold and warm days of the north-south dipole pattern changes negligibly. The North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) may be the main factor affecting the sum of the extreme cold and warm days of the two types of SAT pattern in China.
Use of machine learning for unraveling hidden correlations between particle size distributions and the mechanical behavior of granular materials
Authors: González Tejada Ignacio , Antolin P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA data-driven framework was used to predict the macroscopic mechanical behavior of dense packings of polydisperse granular materials. The discrete element method, DEM, was used to generate 92,378 sphere packings that covered many different kinds of particle size distributions, PSD, lying within 2 particle sizes. These packings were subjected to triaxial compression and the corresponding stress–strain curves were fitted to Duncan–Chang hyperbolic models. An artificial neural network (NN) scheme was able to anticipate the value of the model parameters for all these PSDs, with an accuracy similar to the precision of the experiment and even when the NN was trained with a few hundred DEM simulations. The estimations were indeed more accurate than those given by multiple linear regressions (MLR) between the model parameters and common geotechnical and statistical descriptors derived from the PSD. This was achieved in spite of the presence of noise in the training data. Although the results of this massive simulation are limited to specific systems, ways of packing and testing conditions, the NN revealed the existence of hidden correlations between PSD of the macroscopic mechanical behavior.
Toward On-Line Slag Composition Analysis: Optical Emissions from Laboratory Electric Arc
Authors: Pauna H. , Tuomela A. , Aula M. , Turunen P. , Pankratov V. , Huttula M. , Fabritius T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Electric arc furnaces and ladle furnaces have an important role in the future of steelmaking where

$$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

emissions have to be mitigated to an acceptable level. One way to address this goal is to optimize and improve the current practices by adjusting the chemistry and reactions with material additions or gas injections. These procedures would greatly benefit from on-line slag composition analysis. Since the electric arcs radiate throughout the melting, optical emission spectroscopy is a potential method for such analysis. In this study, optical emissions from the electric arc are measured in a laboratory environment. Dozens of atomic emission lines were correlated with

$$\hbox {Cr}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

Cr
2

O
3

,

$$\hbox {Fe}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

Fe
2

O
3

,

$$\hbox {Al}_2\hbox {O}_3$$

Al
2

O
3

,

$$\hbox {SiO}_2$$

SiO
2

, MnO, MgO, CaO,

$$\hbox {CaF}_2$$

CaF
2

,

$$\hbox {V}_2\hbox {O}_5$$

V
2

O
5

, and Ni content of the slag together with correlation between

$$\hbox {CaF}_2$$

CaF
2

and molecular optical emission bands of CaF. Optimal spectral resolution for industrial applications was deducted to be between 0.022 and 0.179 nm.
Emerging immunological strategies: recent advances and future directions
Authors: Zhao Hongyun , Luo Fan , Xue Jinhui , Li Su , Xu Rui-Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy plays a compelling role in cancer treatment and has already made remarkable progress. However, many patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors fail to achieve clinical benefits, and the response rates vary among tumor types. New approaches that promote anti-tumor immunity have recently been developed, such as small molecules, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell products, and cancer vaccines. Small molecule drugs include agonists and inhibitors that can reach the intracellular or extracellular targets of immune cells participating in innate or adaptive immune pathways. Bispecific antibodies, which bind two different antigens or one antigen with two different epitopes, are of great interest. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell products and cancer vaccines have also been investigated. This review explores the recent progress and challenges of different forms of immunotherapy agents and provides an insight into future immunotherapeutic strategies.
Computed tomography investigation of the material structure in clinch joints in aluminium fibre-reinforced thermoplastic sheets
Authors: Gröger Benjamin , Köhler Daniel , Vorderbrüggen Julian , Troschitz Juliane , Kupfer Robert , Meschut Gerson , Gude Maik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent developments in automotive and aircraft industry towards a multi-material design pose challenges for modern joining technologies due to different mechanical properties and material compositions of various materials such as composites and metals. Therefore, mechanical joining technologies like clinching are in the focus of current research activities. For multi-material joints of metals and thermoplastic composites thermally assisted clinching processes with advanced tool concepts are well developed. The material-specific properties of fibre-reinforced thermoplastics have a significant influence on the joining process and the resulting material structure in the joining zone. For this reason, it is important to investigate these influences in detail and to understand the phenomena occurring during the joining process. Additionally, this provides the basis for a validation of a numerical simulation of such joining processes. In this paper, the material structure in a joint resulting from a thermally assisted clinching process is investigated. The joining partners are an aluminium sheet and a thermoplastic composite (organo sheet). Using computed tomography enables a three-dimensional investigation that allows a detailed analysis of the phenomena in different joining stages and in the material structure of the finished joint. Consequently, this study provides a more detailed understanding of the material behavior of thermoplastic composites during thermally assisted clinching.
Novel members of bacterial community during a short-term chilled storage of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Kaszab Edit , Farkas Milán , Radó Júlia , Micsinai Adrienn , Nyírő-Fekete Brigitta , Szabó István , Kriszt Balázs , Urbányi Béla , Szoboszlay Sándor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to identify the key members of the bacterial community growing on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets during chilled storage with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and cultivation-dependent methods. Carp fillets were stored for 96 h at 2 °C and 6 °C with and without a vacuum package, and an additional frozen-thawed storage experiment was set for 120 days. Community profiles of the initial and stored fish samples were determined by amplicon sequencing. Conventional microbial methods were used parallelly for the enumeration and cultivation of the dominant members of the microbial community. Cultivated bacteria were identified with 16S rRNA sequencing and the MALDI-TOF MS method. Based on our results, the vacuum package greatly affected the diversity and composition of the forming microbial community, while temperature influenced the cell counts and consequently the microbiological criteria for shelf-life of the examined raw fish product. Next-generation sequencing revealed novel members of the chilled flesh microbiota such as Vagococcus vulneris or Rouxiella chamberiensis in the vacuum-packed samples. With traditional cultivation, 161 bacterial strains were isolated and identified at the species level, but the identified bacteria overlapped with only 45% of the dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed by NGS. Next-generation sequencing is a promising and highly reliable tool recommended to reach a higher resolution of the forming microbial community of stored fish products. Knowledge of the initial microbial community of the flesh enables further optimization and development of processing and storage technology.
A Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) miscellany
Authors: Wood John R. I. , Scotland R. W. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis paper presents miscellaneous, previously unpublished results arising from the authors’ research into Strobilanthes. S. moylaniae J.R.I.Wood & Scotland from New Guinea and S. dengii J.R.I.Wood & Scotland from Sumatra are proposed as new species, while an unnamed species is described from Sumba Island in Indonesia in the hope that it might be rediscovered. A new subspecies, subsp. subovata J.R.I.Wood & Scotland is described for S. timorensis Nees, while attention is drawn to its plietesial flowering pattern. The new combinations S. benculensis (Bremek.) J.R.I.Wood & Scotland, S. wetarensis (Bremek.) J.R.I.Wood & Scotland, S. javanica (Bremek.) J.R.I.Wood & Scotland and S. serpens (Nees) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland are made. Typification is clarified and where appropriate lectotypes are designated for Hemigraphis hispidula Craib, Lepidagathis setigera Blume, Ruellia crispa L., R. sabiniana Lindl., Strobilanthes duclouxii Benoist, S. erecta C.B.Clarke, S. flava Kurz, S. forrestii Diels, S. scabra Nees, S. secunda T.Anderson and S. thomsonii T.Anderson.
Panoramic radiography in dentistry
Authors: Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPanoramic radiography is an extraoral radiography modality that provides two-dimensional information about the teeth and the maxillofacial skeleton. It is a valuable adjunct for diagnosis and treatment planning as it facilitates one-time imaging of all teeth, the mandible, parts of maxilla including a large part of the maxillary sinus, hard palate and temporomandibular joints (TMJs). As a tomographic image is prone to errors and artefacts, a good quality radiograph in most patients can be achieved by following the standard rules and through proper patient positioning. In this article, we will discuss indications for panoramic radiography imaging, steps in taking the radiograph, as well as limitations, pitfalls and complications of the procedure. Tomographic imaging of temporomandibular joint is also discussed.
Comparison of the effects of three types of heating tobacco system and conventional cigarettes on indoor air quality
Authors: Enomoto Yoshihiro , Imai Ryosuke , Nanjo Keiko , Fukai Yuichi , Ishikawa Katsura , Kotaki Misato 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from conventional cigarettes is reported to affect indoor air quality (IAQ) in various real indoor environments. Recently, Japan Tobacco Inc. introduced three types of tobacco product that are heated rather than combusted. These comprise one direct heating tobacco system and two in-direct heating tobacco systems. In this study, the impact of using these products on IAQ was evaluated in an environmentally controlled chamber. Two environmental conditions, simulating restaurant and residential spaces, were examined. Under the same conditions, cigarette smoking and the presence of people only were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The indoor air concentrations of 48 constituents (tobacco-specific nitrosamines, carbonyls, volatile organic compounds, total volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic amines, mercury, metals, ETS markers, propylene glycol, glycerol, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, suspended particle matter, ammonia, and nitrogen oxides) were measured. Compared with the presence of people, the concentrations of some constituents were actually increased when using heating tobacco products under both environmental conditions, simulating restaurant and residential spaces. However, the constituent concentrations were lower than those obtained by cigarette smoking, except for propylene glycol and glycerol, and below the exposure limits for constituents in air, as defined by air quality guidelines or regulations. Based on these data, the use of heating tobacco systems in appropriate indoor environments has less impacts compared to conventional cigarettes.

Article Highlights

We measured the indoor air concentrations of chemical constituents generated when using three heating tobacco systems with different heating mechanisms in two environment conditions simulating restaurant and residential spaces (positive control: when smoking cigarettes, negative control: the presence of people only).

In the measurement and analysis method used this study, it was possible to find not only that the air concentration generated when using the heating tobacco systems in this study were considerably lower than that when smoking cigarettes, but also the differences of the concentrations between heating tobacco systems with different heating mechanisms.

We showed some constituents which actually increased the air concentrations when using heating tobacco systems compared with the presence of people only.
The Governance of Charities in China
Authors: Jing Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe passage of the Charity Law signals the beginning of a new era in the legal regulation of charities in China. Its provisions reflect the increasing autonomy of charitable actors in exercising their management rights and the reduced control of the government over the use of charity resources. The shift of the state's attitude towards its relationship with the charitable sector brings new insights into the governance of charities in China. This article highlights the public-private law hybrid nature of the new legislative arrangement for charities and outlines the policy dynamics underlying its operation and development. It argues that the hybrid nature of the Charity Law was intentionally created by legislators, and the design of the governance framework for charities should therefore be responsive to this new legislative arrangement. Following on this reasoning, the article explores the implications that analysis of the hybrid nature of the Charity Law has for the governance of charities in China. It identifies the parties relevant to charity governance, the way in which they interact, and the governance principles that can be applied to charities.
Democratic Constitutions, Electoral Commissions and Legitimacy – The Example of Australia
Authors: Kildea Paul , Murray Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article explores the structure, management and institutional design of commissions in Australia and unpacks how these institutions operate within the Australian political landscape. Part 1 looks at the structure of Australian electoral commissions and how they maintain structural independence. Part 2 seeks to better understand Australian electoral institutions, through an examination of how they have manoeuvred administrative and political challenges and emergencies when they have arisen. Finally, Part 3 employs a neo-institutionalist lens to focus on the internal and external dynamics that assist or hinder the operation of commissions in Australia and how legitimacy and institutional trust can be created, maintained and harmed by electoral agencies in the Australian context.
Results of the first randomized controlled trial of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Trottier Kathryn , Monson Candice M. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Crosby Ross D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Eating disorders (EDs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur and can share a functional relationship. The primary aim of this initial randomized controlled trial was to determine whether integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for co-occurring ED-PTSD was superior to standard CBT for ED in improving PTSD symptoms. Intervention safety and desirability, as well as the relative efficacy of the treatments in improving anxiety, depression, and ED symptomatology, were also examined.

Methods
Following a course of intensive ED treatment, individuals with ED-PTSD were recruited to participate and randomized to integrated CBT for ED-PTSD or standard CBT for ED. The sample consisted of 42 individuals with a range of ED diagnoses. Outcomes were assessed at end-of-treatment, 3-, and 6-month follow-up using interview and self-report measures.

Results
Mixed models revealed significant interactions of time and therapy condition on clinician-rated and self-reported PTSD symptom severity favoring Integrated CBT for ED-PTSD. Both treatments were associated with statistically significant improvements in PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Improvements were maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up. There was good safety with both interventions, and satisfaction with both treatments was high. However, there was a stronger preference for integrated treatment.

Conclusions
Integrating CBTs for PTSD and ED following intensive ED treatment is safe, desirable, and efficacious for improving PTSD symptoms. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine whether Integrated CBT for ED-PTSD provides benefits over standard CBT for ED with respect to ED outcomes.
Anthropogenic effects on the marine environment adjacent to Palmer Station, Antarctica
Authors: Palmer Terence A. , Klein Andrew G. , Sweet Stephen T. , Montagna Paul A. , Hyde Larry J. , Wade Terry L. , Beseres Pollack Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLocalized contamination from research-related activities and its effects on macrofauna communities in the marine environment were investigated at Palmer Station, a medium-sized Antarctic research station. Relatively low concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 32–302 ng g-1) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs; 0.9–8.9 μg g-1) were detected in sediments adjacent to the sewage outfall and pier, where most human activities were expected to have occurred, and at even lower concentrations at two seemingly reference areas (PAHs 6–30 ng g-1, TPHs 0.03–5.1 μg g-1). Elevated concentrations of PAHs in one sample taken in one reference area (816 ng g-1) and polychlorinated biphenyls (353 ng g-1) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (3.2 and 25.3 ng g-1) in two samples taken adjacent to the sewage outfall indicate spatial heterogeneity of localized sediment contamination. Limpet (Nacella concinna) tissues collected adjacent to Palmer Station had high concentrations of PAHs, copper, lead, zinc and several other metals relative to outlying islands. Sediment and limpet tissue contaminant concentrations have decreased since the early 1990s following theBahía Paraísospill. Natural sediment characteristics affected macrofaunal community composition more than contamination adjacent to Palmer Station, presumably because of the low overall contamination levels.
A brief video-coaching intervention buffers young children's vulnerability to the impact of caregivers’ depressive symptoms: Examination of differential susceptibility
Authors: Liu Sihong , Fisher Philip A. , Schlueter Lisa J. , Phu Tiffany , Gunnar Megan R. , Watamura Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInformed by the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and developmental psychopathology frameworks, the current study used cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) as an index of differential sensitivity to context, which was expected to predispose young children with elevated vulnerability to adverse caregiving experiences and adaptive sensitivity to intervention effects. Particularly, the study aimed to determine whether improving caregivers’ responsive parenting through the Filming Interactions to Nurture Development (FIND) intervention would buffer children's biologically embedded vulnerability to caregivers’ depressive symptoms. Data were derived from a randomized controlled trial using pretest–posttest design with low-income families of children aged 4 to 36 months (N = 91). Young children's differential sensitivity was measured using cortisol AUCg during a structured stress paradigm. As hypothesized, children whose cortisol AUCg indicated greater sensitivity to social context exhibited more internalizing and externalizing behaviors in relation to caregivers’ elevated depressive symptoms. Critically, the intervention program was effective in attenuating psychopathology symptoms among the more biologically sensitive children. As proven by rigorous statistical tests, the findings of this study partially supported the differential susceptibility hypotheses, indicating both greater vulnerability to adverse conditions and responsiveness to intervention among children with high levels of cortisol AUCg.
Separating minimal valuations, point-continuous valuations, and continuous valuations
Authors: Goubault-Larrecq Jean , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe give two concrete examples of continuous valuations on dcpo’s to separate minimal valuations, point-continuous valuations, and continuous valuations:
(1)Let ${\mathcal J}$ be the Johnstone’s non-sober dcpo, and μ be the continuous valuation on ${\mathcal J}$ with μ(U)=1 for nonempty Scott opens U and μ(U)=0 for $U=\emptyset$. Then, μ is a point-continuous valuation on ${\mathcal J}$ that is not minimal.(2)Lebesgue measure extends to a measure on the Sorgenfrey line $\mathbb{R}_\ell$. Its restriction to the open subsets of $\mathbb{R}_\ell$ is a continuous valuation λ. Then, its image valuation $\overline\lambda$ through the embedding of $\mathbb{R}_\ell$ into its Smyth powerdomain $\mathcal{Q}\mathbb{R}_\ell$ in the Scott topology is a continuous valuation that is not point-continuous.We believe that our construction $\overline\lambda$ might be useful in giving counterexamples displaying the failure of the general Fubini-type equations on dcpo’s.