bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Cretaceous magmatism of the Southern Qiangtang terrane and its tectonic significance
Authors: He Haiyang , Wang Tingting , Zhang Yuqian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tectonic evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethys is known as the most important event in the late Mesozoic in the central Qianghai-Tibet Plateau. Magmatism is a probe and window for detecting deep crust, which also records the process of tectonic evolution. The magmatic arc formed at Early Cretaceous in the Southern Qiangtang subterrane, was products of the Mesozoic magmatism during the long-term subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethys oceanic lithosphere and the subsequent Qiangtang-Lhasa terrane collision. This article summarizes zircon U-Pb geochronology, major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data for the Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks located in the southern Qiangtang subterrane of central Tibet. However, there are three hypotheses about the tectonic background of the Early Cretaceous magmatism of the South Qiangtang subterrane: (1) oceanic ridge subduction; (2) slab roll-back; (3) slab break-off.
Image of seismological anomaly before the February 18, 2020 Changqing M4.1 magnitude earthquake
Authors: Zhao Jinhua , Cui Huawei , Li Cuiqin , Gai Dianguang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An earthquake of magnitude M4.1 occurred in Changqing County, Shandong Province (36.46°N, 116.65°E) on February 18, 2020. In this paper, we found from the image analysis of seismic activity and wave velocity ratio calculation before this earthquake that the magnitude M4.1 (No special markings on the magnitude of the earthquake: M for magnitude 5 (including magnitude 5) and above, M
L for below magnitude 5) in the 1-year scale before the Changqing M4.1 earthquake, inland Shandong and In the Bohai Sea, there is an orderly distribution of magnitude 2 earthquakes, multiple small earthquake sequences, a concentration with active of magnitude 3 earthquakes, the Changdao “earthquake window” “open” several times, and an abnormally low value of wave velocity ratio etc. Phenomena.
Discrimination of AVO Types in Shallow Reservoirs Based on Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Liu Haonan , Wen Xiaotao , He Jian , Chen Qianshu , Zhang Xiaoqi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As we all know, AVO technology can be used to identify gas-bearing reservoirs and is of great significance to oil and gas exploration. The manual identification of AVO types of reservoirs has large human interference factors, low identification accuracy and long time-consuming. Therefore, this paper introduces the random forest algorithm, uses bootstrap repeated sampling and branch and leaf node splitting techniques to generate a large number of decision tree classifiers, and realizes the identification of the AVO type of the reservoir by counting the classification results of all decision trees. Firstly, a velocity density model is established based on logging data in the working area. Secondly, use the Shuey approximation formula to calculate the AVO curve and obtain the fitted polynomial corresponding to the curve. Thirdly, the morphological feature parameters are extracted according to the fitting polynomial as the input parameters of the training data set of the random forest algorithm, and the artificial AVO type recognition results are used as the output parameters to train and obtain a decision tree classifier. Finally, using the characteristic parameters of the AVO curve of the actual pre-stack seismic data as input parameters, the classification of the AVO type of the reservoir in the working area is obtained through the classification of the random forest decision tree. By comparing the results with the approximate support vector machine algorithm, it can be seen that the two algorithms approximate the AVO type discrimination results of the reservoir, and both have high accuracy, but the random forest algorithm requires fewer feature attributes, shows stronger generalization and has better universality.
Timber transportation using two types of trucks in industrial plantation forests, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muhdi  , Lestari Bianti Dwi , Hanafiah Diana Sofia , Sahar Asmarlaili , Zaitunah Anita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The timber transportation is expensive, because wood besides having a light weight, is also deep implementation is often constrained by limited access, steep slopes and distances far away. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity of timber transportation in industrial plantation forests of PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research was conducted in the area of PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The research was carried out by taking a sample of twenty trucks with two different types of trucks by purposive sampling. The results showed that the shortest working time in activities transportation is the activity of unloading. The average volume capacity of truck was 10 m3 and 32 m3, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the average productivity produced by both types of trucks was 0.57 m3/hour and 1.46 m3/hour, respectively.
Earned value concept analysis on project monitoring (Case study: Faculty of Forestry Universitas Sumatera Utara building construction phase 1)
Authors: Syahrizal  , Jaya Indra , Putri Indarti Tamara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Construction projects have a high level of project complexity. Sometimes there are some late progress or cost overruns on project construction. Monitoring is the first step to control the project so that it can be seen as a large deviation in costs and schedules that occur. Therefore, to improve the effectiveness of monitoring, the earned value concept method can be used. The research began with data collection from the research location. After obtaining supportive data, it is continued with ACWP, BCWP, and BCWS data analysis. It is closing with the final results of all analyzes conducted. From the study of the concept of the value of the works reviewed until the 20th week, the BCWS value was IDR 14,816,705,720, the BCWP value was IDR 4,614,975,520, and the ACWP value was IDR 4,153,562,199. The CPI value is 1.111, while the SPI is 0.311, which means that the project is experiencing delays in terms of schedule but incurs actual costs that are less than the work already done. The final estimated project cost (EAC) is IDR 20,301,199,616, while the ECD value is 52 weeks for the project completion time.
Mixed-use building concept with energy conservation approach
Authors: Lubis Mohammad Dolok , Fachrudin H T , Claudya Bellinda , Ardiansyah Irwan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Humans have a variety of necessities of life contained in space and buildings. The mixed-use building design is an effort to unite several functions together in one building. The mixed-use building design considers the needs of the area to be designed, the surrounding environment, and the building user. The application of the concept of energy conservation in mixed-use building design aims to meet human needs and provide comfort for its users. The method used is mixed methods with observation and comparative studies with buildings that apply the concept of energy conservation. The mixed-use building concept will utilize solar panels as a passive design in the recreation zone, which can be a source of electricity in the recreation area at night. The mixed-use building models that are designed can be used to meet the principles of energy conservation that can be used in urban areas.
Unit cost analysis for road construction sustainability: A case study of national road in West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Anas Ridwan , Suyono Rudi S , Surbakti Medis S , Puji Hastuty Ika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cost estimation of road construction is required at the early stages of a project used to describe the process of predicting a project’s cost before construction through the tender process. Unit cost for road construction has a different characteristic for each area, this is caused by the component that forms unit cost is different in each area, starting from the material, equipment to human resources. The unit cost of road construction is affected by several factors, such as project location, whereas the distance to the project location can affect the transportation cost of equipment and material, other than that there is an external cost for each road project. This study describes the variants of unit cost between the estimated cost and actual (contractual) cost, based on collected data for 62 awarded road construction projects during the last 3 years especially for major items of work in West Java Province. The result describes that cost under-estimates are more implemented than cost over-estimates in national road construction projects. The variances of unit cost can be used by the government as a reference for estimating the cost item because the high accuracy of unit cost is crucial for completing the road projects.
The utilization of plastic waste in a mixed pair of concrete brick walls
Authors: Nursyamsi N , Indrawan I , Surbakti MS , Glory O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plastic is a daily consumable material due to its easy accessibility and affordability. The high production of plastic waste contributes to the increase risk of hazardous environment which is difficult to be processed and decomposed. One of the solutions is to recycle plastic waste. In this study, the types of High Density of Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP) were utilized as substation material with 10% of ratio to be mixed in pair with concrete brick walls. The sample study was concrete bricks characterized with dimensions of 40x20x10 cm3 and 15x15x15 cm3. The addition of admixture SikaPayer HC-1ID and silica fume as additive was carried out to improve the performance of testing samples. Samples of concrete bricks were then attached on the wall as a mixed pair with dimension 105x95 cm2, and compression properties were performed. The results showed that visual appearances, content weight, and adsorption ability of two samples were classified as concrete brick type I, and the addition of HDPE and PP to the concrete bricks walls contributed into type II which were able to with-stand load around 2200 and 2800 Psi respectively. The other eminence that was observed from the addition of HDPE and PP was milder weight compared to neat concrete bricks.
Effect of using clamshell ash as stabilization material for clay
Authors: Hastuty Ika Puji , Rahman Aulia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Clamshells are the waste of clams which are usually consumed by people. Clamshells contain 66.70% of CaO, the chemical compounds that have pozzolanic properties, which can be used as a substitute for cement. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of clamshell ash to the index value of soil properties, soil classification, soil plastic properties, free compressive strength value, and CBR value. The test was carried out with Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The result showed that according to AASHTO this soil was classified as A-7-6 (9) and according to USCS it was classified as CL (Clay - Low Plasticity). The original soil sample had a moisture content of 34.43%; specific weight of 2.65%; liquid limit of 47.33%; plastic limit of 17.45%; and plasticity index of 29.88%. The values of unsoaked design CBR and UCT for the original soil were 6.29% and 1,42 kg/cm2. Meanwhile, among all the variations, the mixture of 12% clamshell ash reached the optimum value of soaked design California Bearing Ratio and free compressive strength in Unconfined Compression Test which were 8.13% and 2.39 kg/cm2.
Geographical information system and satellite imagery for landslides analysis in Karo Regency based on human factors
Authors: Hastuty Ika Puji , Ellysses Pratama Oktarino 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mapping of landslide potential areas was carried out in Karo Regency using an estimation model based on the Minister of Public Works Regulation No.22 of 2007. This regulation states that human activity is one of the aspects that causes landslides to occur. There are 7 factors in human activity that can cause landslides, namely; cropping patterns, excavating and cutting slopes, pond construction, slope drainage, building construction, population density, and mitigation efforts. All of these indicators are searched for their respective scores using the Q-Gis application which produces a total score to determine the class of landslide hazard levels. Based on the analysis, the level of landslide hazard in Karo Regency is divided into 3 classes, namely; low hazard level with an area of 1699.01 km2 covering the sub-districts of Mardingding, Laubelang, Tigabinaga, Juhar, Munte, Kutabuluh, and Tiganderket. The moderate hazard level with an area of 259.34 km2 covers the sub-districts of Payung, Simpang Empat, Naman Teran, Merdeka, Brand, and Barusjahe. The high hazard level with an area of 168.77 km2 includes the sub-districts of Kabanjahe, Berastagi, Tigapanah, and Dolat Rayat.
Design and analysis of RC corbel based on SNI 2847:2019 and analysed using computer aided strut-and-tie model
Authors: Aswin M , Sonny  , Tonny  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the corbel has been reviewed by considering its design and analysis based on Strut-and-Tie Model (STM). Many studies on corbels had been carried out in order to obtain an effective design approach. SNI 2847-2019 is one code that regulate to design and analyse corbel using STM. For initial stage, dimensions and steel reinforcements of corbel are designed using SNI 2847-2019 based on the empirical formulas. Afterward, design and analysis corbel were conducted using two different truss models. Aside from that, the Computer Aided Strut and Tie (CAST) software was applied on last analysis stage. Each analysis was required to generate the force ratio (FR), so it can be determined reliability of the used truss models. The design results based on the used models exhibited that the steel reinforcements of corbel are quite similar. In addition, the average force ratio for Model-1 and Model-2 are gained of 0.6204 and 0.6147, respectively. Meanwhile, the CAST analysis results also provided similar force ratio, namely 0.5805 and 0.5985 for each Model-1 and Model-2. Accordingly, STM and CAST can be used to design and analyse corbels.
Effect of use of corn leaf ash on concrete compressive strength
Authors: Aswin M , Maranatha E S , Nola L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cement as one of concrete materials can cause the negative effect on environmental, starting from taking raw materials, production process to the resulting ash pollution. Therefore, it needs an alternative material that can be used as a substitute material of cement. Potentially, organic waste can be utilized, such as corn leaf, rice husks, palm oil waste, etc. The corn leaves are one organic waste on agricultural area which still very poorly in processing. Accordingly, this study will investigate utilizing the corn leaf ash on the concrete. The corn leaf ash was used as the cement replacement material (CRM). There are eight different percentages, namely 0%; 2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; 10%; 12.5%; 15% and 17.5%. The concretes-based corn leaf ash (ADJ) were tested at the curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The test results showed that the compressive strength of ADJ of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% increased. ADJ of 7.5% provided the maximum compressive strength. These results proved that corn leaf ash can be used as CRM.
Design of RC deep beam based on SNI 2847:2019 and analysed using STM and CAST
Authors: Aswin Muhammad , Tonny  , Sonny  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Up to present, many studies and researches on reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams had been carried out in order to obtain an effective design approach. The strut-and-tie model is the most widely known and has even been included in various design codes. SNI 2847:2013 lately introduced new code provisions in designing on RC deep beam which is improved in SNI 2847:2019. Design which using the manual calculations takes quite a lot of time, accordingly, for saving time of design and analysis, the modelling program such as CAST (Computer Aided Strut and Tie) can be used. CAST is Strut-and-Tie (STM)-based, easy to be used, and presents a complete package of both design and analytical tools. This study is aim to introduce Indonesian code (namely SNI 2847:2019) in design and analysis of RC deep beam based on STM, which analysed by using CAST. The results have shown that design and analysis based on SNI 2847:2019 quite effective. The force ratio of analysis results either STM and CAST is less than 1 (one), meaning that the design result can be applied.
Optimization of water flow speed in dams
Authors: Tarihoran Lusiana , Tulus  , Sawalluddin  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Utilization of the dam in controlling the flow of water is the basis for researchers to obtain optimal results of fluid dynamics in the levee. Base on the simulation results, using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 software that the dam model can withstand shifts at a maximum point of 12 with a computing time of 1.9 s. if the shifting continues it will result in the collapse of the dam so that a barrier material is a gift that can withstand the shifting value of the dam material.
Groundwater feasibility test system by using wireless sensor network
Authors: Andayani U , Hizriadi A , Junaidi A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water is one of the most important natural resources for human life. Water is used by the community for bathing, drinking, cooking and for other consumptive needs. Therefore, the water quality must be maintained cleanly. It is not uncommon to find water that is not suitable for use because it is turbid and smelly from its source. Things that must be considered to assess good water quality are pH, oxygen levels dissolved in water, conductivity, water temperature, water turbidity, salinity (salt content), zinc content and so on. The testing of groundwater quality is a better alternative than the testing that has been done manually and requires expensive costs. The measuring devices are made by using sensor circuit that is controlled by Arduino. Monitoring is done by using a web application that is stored on a server where the server also communicates with Arduino with the help of the SIM800L module. The results showed that the system ran well. The sensors succeed in detecting water quality and data communication between sensors, servers and clients ran well.
Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping of spatial distribution characteristics of the Sumatran Tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) prey in Besitang
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Maulana M I , Patana P , Purwoko A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research is an example of GIS applications used in the field of conservation and landscape ecology. Sumatran tiger habitat management begins with knowing Sumatran tiger prey distribution. Information on Sumatran tiger prey distribution will be very useful in identifying the suitability of habitat for Sumatran tiger. This study objective to determine the spatial distribution of Sumatran tiger prey in Besitang forest. The method used is to overlay the coordinates of the tiger prey findings with the trigger factors that influence the distribution of Sumatran tiger prey using GIS. The results showed animals prey of Sumatran tiger in the Besitang area occurs mostly in sloping areas with low topography and regions that are relatively far to the road and near to the river
Simulation of vise production process using Flexsim Software
Authors: Syahputri K , Sari RM , Rizkya I , Tarigan U , Agustina  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the industrial the process of clamping on an object is an important process carried out to facilitate the work when the process of cutting, sculpting, welding and etc. A vise is a clamping tool to clamp a workpiece milled. Using the vise, the workpiece clamped tightly to facilitate the work and the results of a process is maximum. The components contained in a vise have their own functions. This research is about simulating vise production process. The purpose of this study is to model the vise production process using Flexsim software and compare the simulation results data with the vise production target data to find out whether the simulation describes the actual condition of the vise production process. The results obtained in the manufacture of vise production lines using Flexsim software produce an output of 22 units for 1 shift / day or 7 working hours. The vise production line simulation model produces 25 vise production target data, 22 simulation results data and 12% deviation occurs, so the simulation describes the actual condition of the vise production process.
Development strategy of small and medium food industry in Tangerang City with SWOT and AHP methods
Authors: Nugeroho Adik Ahmad Unggul , Hasibuan S , Jaqin C , Hidayati J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted to formulate a strategy for developing SMEs Food in the City of Tangerang. The SWOT Matrix calculation results in the position of Tangerang City’s SMEs Food being in quadrant II so that the positioning must be carried out in an optimal development strategy. There are four possible alternatives for the development strategy of the City SMEs Food, namely: Improvement of the quality of production results in order to make products competitive, Support of available raw materials to continue to innovate products and to make products that are competitive, Improvement a partnership between suppliers, customers and competitors by ensuring the availability of human resources through government support, Increasing production development and creating products using appropriate technology. These four strategies will be considered using the AHP method so as to determine the best decision. Based on the weighted pair wise comparisons, the priority value of each strategy is 0.376 (S1); 0.128 (S2); 0.147 (S3) and 0.349 (S4). The biggest weight value is found in the S1 strategy of 0.376. So that the development strategy that becomes the main priority based on SWOT indicators and AHP weighting is the improvement of the quality of production results in order to make a competitive product.
Design and simulation of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with single stub for GPR applications at 500 MHz
Authors: Rambe Ali Hanafiah , Setiawan Arif Milando , Suherman  , Zulfin Muhammad , Pinem Maksum 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
GPR (ground penetrating radar) is an equipment that makes it possible to detect objects below the ground surface. The antenna is one of the components needed in GPR. In this paper, the microstrip antenna design was discussed and proposed for GPR applications that work at a frequency of 500 MHz. This antenna design has a size of 29 × 22 cm2 using the FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The optimal design was carried out by using a single stub. Based on the simulation results, the minimum VSWR was achieved at 1.009 with a bandwidth of 12 MHz (493.2 - 505.2 MHz). The minimum return loss value obtained is -47.21 dB and 5.695 dB of the gain.