bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powder Spheroidization Using Induction Plasma Technology
Authors: Dignard N.M. , Boulos M.I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An experimental study of the spheroidization efficiency of induction plasma processes was completed. The main objective being to obtain models which could be subsequently used for the prediction of the spheroidization efficiency for various powders and plasma operating conditions. Silica, alumina, chromium oxide and zirconia powders were treated during the experimentation. For the plasma treatment of the powders the installation used had a maximum available power of 50 kW with an operating frequency of 3 MHz. Operating conditions were varied such to minimize side reactions and the evaporation of powders. The resulting powders did show the presence of cavities and a slight change in the mean diameters. The maximum energy efficiency based semi-empirical model did predict the spheroidization efficiency of the particles beyond a defined critical point known as the maximum energy efficiency point. For the model, the maximum energy efficiency is distinct for the individual powders but remain within a defined range which is reflected in the small variations in the Z constant.
Post-Processing of Cold-Spray Deposits of Copper and Iron
Authors: McCune R.C. , Cooper R.P. , Popoola O.O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Layers of high-purity copper and iron produced by cold gas-dynamic spraying have been thermally processed to induce recrystallization and grain growth. In the case of copper deposits, the as-sprayed structure could be "pinned" by arrays of Cu2O particles present on the surfaces of the feedstock powder, however copper powders of higher purity and sphericity yielded sprayed structures which could be annealed to induce recrystallization and grain growth. The higher purity copper compacts exhibited a morphological change in fracture from a brittle, intraparticle mode in the as-deposited condition, to a ductile, "cup-and-cone" morphology in the annealed condition. For compacts produced from water atomized iron, annealing at sub-critical temperatures produced recrystallization and grain growth as found with copper, and thermal processing in the austenitic region resulted in altogether new and coarser grain structures upon cooling. Ease of thermal processing of cold-sprayed materials may offer additional processing routes for engineered surfaces and functional devices produced in this manner.
Vacuum Plasma Spray Deposition of Spherical Plasma Atomized Ti-6AI-4V
Authors: Brzezinski T.A. , Grenier S. , Smagorinski M.E. , Kim G.E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The growing need for new materials and material combinations with superior properties for severe service applications has led to the development of near net-shape forming techniques for certain materials, such as superalloys, refractory metals (Ta, W, and Mo) and highly reactive metals (Ti and its alloys). Vacuum plasma spray (VPS) was used to produce dense Ti-6Al-4V deposits for mechanical properties evaluation. Spherical Ti-6Al-4V powder, produced by Plasma Atomization (PA), a novel patented powder fabrication technique, was used as the starting powder. Plasma atomized Ti-6Al-4V powder characteristics include: high purity, tight particle size range, highly spherical with no attached satellites, and excellent flowability. The resulting as-sprayed Ti-6Al-4V deposits were dense and low in oxygen content. Thermal treatment was conducted after spraying in order to improve the structure and the properties of the spray formed material. The mechanical properties of the material, including tensile strength, elongation and hardness, in both the as-sprayed and the heat treated conditions were compared. The mechanical properties of these preliminary VPS Ti-6Al-4V specimens indicate that the combination of high purity starting powder and controlled environment deposition can be used to produce dense spray formed Ti-6Al-4V structures with properties comparable to those of cast or sintered powder metallurgy parts.
High Velocity Wire Flame Spraying (HVWFS) of Molybdenum
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Copitzky T. , Babiak Z. , Duda T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wire flame sprayed molybdenum is a wide used procedure for manufacturing of wear resistance coatings. The properties of thermal sprayed coatings depend mainly on the kinetic and thermal energy of sprayed particles, i.e., a higher particle velocity causes an increase of coating quality. The now available high velocity spray system from Praxair which is used within this work is capable to realise the aim of high particle velocities. The coating properties presented in this work are analysed in comparison to conventional wire and powder plasma spray processes. HVWFS molybdenum coatings show lower porosity, higher adhesion and cohesion and better wear properties. To explain the results, particle size distribution, oxygen/carbon content and structure are analysed. Hardening mechanisms of coatings and their adhesion/cohesion properties are discussed based on light microscopy, SEM, XRD and TEM investigations.
High Velocity Arc Spray–Superior Surface Anti-Corrosion Technology
Authors: Binshi X. , Shican L. , Shining M.A. , Zhenxue Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the principles of high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) and its use in surface engineering. It also reviews applications in marine environments and power plant boiler pipes, where HVAS coatings provide corrosion protection.
Painting of Arc Sprayed Zinc Coatings with Water-Based Paints
Authors: Lahtinen R.T. , Jokinen P.J.T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hot dip galvanized zinc coatings on steel structures are known to have superior atmospheric corrosion resistance properties compared to painted structures. However, the zinc coating can not be applied by this method on large steel structures. The protection of large steel structures against atmospheric corrosion is traditionally done by painting. The environmental pressure to eliminate solvent based paints has forced the painting contractors to move towards water based paints or completely rethink the coating process. One solution to this problem is to use arc sprayed zinc as the "primer" and water based paints as a sealer and a top coat. The research and field tests conducted and supervised by VTT has produced promising results that are described in the paper. The possibility to apply water based paints directly over the arc sprayed zinc is discussed and results of field and laboratory tests are given. The economic aspects of both water based and traditional paint systems over the arc sprayed zinc are discussed in the paper.
Effect of Aluminum Phosphate Sealing Treatment on Properties of Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Ahmaniemi S. , Rajamäki E. , Vuoristo P. , Mäntylä T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Partially stabilized zirconia (8Y2O3-ZrO2) coatings were studied as thick thermal barrier coatings (TTBCs) for diesel engine applications. To improve the hot corrosion resistance of TTBCs the 1 mm thick yttria stabilized zirconia coating was densified with aluminum phosphate based sealant. Combined with better hot corrosion resistance other benefits obtained with sealing treatment are improved adhesion as well as increased mechanical properties of the ceramic layer. Three aluminum phosphate based sealants were investigated with varying viscosity level. Different sealant viscosities were used to optimize the level of sealant penetration into the coating. Sealant penetration and the violence of the reaction were determined by XRD, SEM/EDS and optical microscopy. The hardness profile from bond coat to the surface of the top layer was determined. Coating microstructure and phase structure were characterized by optical microscopy and by X-ray diffraction. Microhardness and porosity were determined. Residual stress states were measured by X-ray based stress analyzer. Bond strength of the coatings was determined with tensile test equipment. To simulate the diesel engine combustion conditions, hot corrosion tests were performed for the sealed TTBCs. Hot corrosion resistance of the coating was tested in isothermal exposure of 60Na2SO4 - 40V2O5 melt for 48 hours at 600 °C.
Case Studies in Wear Resistance Using HVOF, PTAW, and Spray Fusion Surfacing
Authors: Hart K.W.D. , Harper D.H. , Gill M.J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Extensive laboratory testing and field usage have shown that innovative surfacing techniques have produced cost effective maintenance systems and are providing long-term benefits. Self-fusing (sometimes known as self-fluxing) alloys containing tungsten carbide (WC), applied by PTAW, HVOF and SF (Spray Fusion) brazing processes are investigated. The process used and the effect of process parameters on the wear resistance of these coatings is evaluated. The test results show that the same self-fusing alloy applied by SF compared to PTAW have proven superior in severe erosive and abrasive applications. The case histories presented will cover a variety of applications including the use of HVOF versus hard chrome plating and the improvement in wear resistance of SF applied self-fused coatings versus PTAW. These comparisons are useful in providing new, higher performance solutions, in helping to overcome today's tougher surfacing and environmental requirements
Atmospheric Plasma Spraying of Run-in Coatings for Twin-Screw Compressors
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Duda T. , Unterberg W. , Josefiak L.A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the potential of thermal spray coatings for manufacturing and repairing twin-screw rotors. The coatings evaluated were produced by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Tests show that 7% yttria stabilized zirconia (ZrO27Y2O3) coatings provide sufficient run-in characteristics and corrosion resistance. The coatings, along with a NiCrAl bond coat, were applied to various substrate materials.
Acoustic Emission Techniques for the Nondestructive Evaluation of TBCs Under Thermal Cycling Conditions
Authors: Robin P. , Gitzhofer F. , Boulos M.I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A thermal cycling test was designed in order to predict thermal barrier coatings (TBC) life of combustion chambers. The thermal cycle is produced by two 2kW halogen lamps highly focused on the TBC. A 25X100 mm TBC is plasma sprayed centered onto a substrate 25X300 mm. The thermal cycling can be done either under argon atmosphere or air in order to be able to discriminate the oxidation induced acoustic emissions from the expansion mismatch. Two transducers located at each end of the substrate monitor the acoustic signals emitted by crack initiation and/or propagation. The advantage of using two transducers is that with a time of flight approach cracking phenomena can be located along the TBC. This process allows the study of welded substrates coated with TBC, TBC coated around holes and to check for the presence of cracks by using metallography preparation. The challenge of the test is to use the early cycles emission signatures in order to predict the long term durability of the TBC.
Photothermal Radiometry of Thermal Spray Coatings: Thermophysical Properties and Disbonding Effects Characterization
Authors: Mandelis A. , Garcia J.A. , Farahbarhsh B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Laser infrared photothermal radiometry (PTR) can be used to determine the thermophysical properties (thermal diffusivity and conductivity) and interfacial defects (i.e. disbonding) of various thermal sprayed coatings on carbon steel substrates. PTR experimental results are compared with a one-dimensional photothermal model that can take into account roughness affects and interfacial defects by considering a roughness equivalent-layer and an equivalent-thermal resistance, respectively. The foregoing thermophysical parameters of the thermal sprayed coatings are obtained when a multi-parameter optimization algorithm is used to fit the PTR experimental results. The potential of the PTR technique for in-situ monitoring of the coating process and the characterization of the thermal sprayed coatings will be discussed in this paper.
What Role Do Industrial Gases Play in the Quality of Thermal Spraying
Authors: Kroemmer W. , Heinrich P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The high technical level of thermal spraying is based on four segments: available know-how, equipment and installations, spray materials, and industrial gases. This article discusses the application of industrial gases used in thermal spraying. It describes the processes involved in the production, provision, and storage of industrial gases as well as their properties. In addition, the article also discusses the influence of quality on the individual fuel gases used in thermal spraying.
POSTINDASTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL AREAS
Authors: Samoilenko Ye. 
Published: July 2021

The article proves that a systematic approach to the urban organization of coastal areas includes complex environmental and recreational tasks. The study examines in detail the need to create a comprehensive strategy for the restoration of the coastal zone. The complex of measures is substantiated, among which the activation of water protection functions of coastal areas, rehabilitation of disturbed territories, use of recreational and town-planning potential of coastal territories for formation of recreational base along water area, development of integrated system of management of processes of coastal zones and integration of ecosystems.
The work separately highlights the possibility of creating a recreational cluster that will ensure the continuity of the natural framework, given the multi-vector formation of the urban environment. It is established, that the connection of the recreational cluster with the suburban green strip and water area will create a pedestrian recreational corridor in the city and beyond, as well as contribute to the greening of the city and influence the modeling of ecological infrastructure.
TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE DOSAGE FORM "NAIL LACQUER"
Authors: Аbdulaeva D. , Cholponbaeva A. , Gulieva U. , Alekseev K. 
Published: July 2021

Therapy of nail disease is determined by the type of disease. We do not even think about how vulnerable and susceptible to various diseases our nails are. A number of diseases involve the use of local medicines. One of the dosage forms intended for topical use are medicinal lacquers.
This article is devoted to the consideration and evaluation of the functional characteristics of excipients in the technology of medicinal lacquers.
Osteosarcoma of the skull base presenting as a petrocavernous pseudoaneurysm and masquerading as an intracranial abscess: illustrative case
Authors: Washington Nyomi R. , Kiley John L. , Bakken Hans , Morton Ryan 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) is a rare and aggressive high-grade malignant neoplasm composed of blood-filled or empty cystic spaces resembling aneurysmal bone cysts. Uncommonly, TOSs can occur in the skull base.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors present a case of a TOS that presented as a petrocavernous carotid pseudoaneurysm and then masqueraded as an intracranial abscess. The prognosis for TOSs with intracranial involvement is typically unfavorable and inversely related to the degree of intracranial involvement.

LESSONS
Skull-based malignancies should be part of the differential diagnosis for a rapidly progressing lesion. Recovery of polymicrobial organisms during endoscopic sinus surgery should prompt reconsideration of the differential diagnosis. Postinflammatory changes from endovascular coiling have been described and can confound imaging and clinical findings.
Occipitocervical fusion of traumatic atlanto-occipital dissociation in a patient with autofused cervical facet joints: illustrative case
Authors: Sarmiento J. Manuel , Chang Daniel , Nisson Peyton L. , Chan Julie L. , Perry Tiffany G. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Patients who survive traumatic atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD) may present with normal neurological examinations and near-normal-appearing diagnostic images, such as cervical radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors described a neurologically intact 64-year-old female patient with a degenerative autofusion of her right C4–5 facet joints who presented to their center after a motor vehicle collision. Prevertebral soft tissue swelling and craniocervical subarachnoid hemorrhage prompted awareness and consideration for traumatic AOD. An abnormal occipital condyle–C1 interval (4.67 mm) on CT and craniocervical junction ligamentous injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of AOD. Her autofused right C4–5 facet joints were incorporated into the occipitocervical fusion construct.

LESSONS
Traumatic AOD can be easily overlooked in patients with a normal neurological examination and no associated upper cervical spine fractures. A high index of suspicion is needed when evaluating CT scans because normal values for craniocervical parameters are significantly different from the accepted ranges of normal on radiographs in the adult population. MRI of the cervical spine is helpful to evaluate for atlanto-occipital ligamentous injury and confirm the diagnosis. Occipitocervical fusion construct may need to be extended to incorporate spinal levels with degenerative autofusion to prevent adjacent level degeneration.
Upaya Guru dalam Mengembangkan Self Regulation Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMK Negeri 8 Padang
Authors: Febriani Tira , Zulmuqim Zulmuqim 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya keyakinan diri yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik dalam kemampuannya menguasai pelajaran. Hal ini dikarenakan peserta didik kurang menyadari kemampuan dan potensi mereka dalam berpikir. Peserta didik juga memiliki motivasi yang rendah. Terbukti dengan keributan di kelas, tidak mendengarkan pelajaran, Keadaan demikian memicu kurangnya peran aktif peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Peserta didik juga menunjukkan perilaku yang tidak baik seperti suka bolos saat jam pelajaran, melanggar aturan yang sudah ditetapkan sekolah. Guru sudah berupaya untuk mengembangkan self regulation peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di SMK Negeri 8 Padang.Fokus penelitian adalah bagaimana upaya guru dalam mengembangkan self regulation peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di SMK Negeri 8 Padang. Batasan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah upaya guru dalam mengembangkan self regulation aspek metakognitif, motivasi, perilaku peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di SMK Negeri 8 Padang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis upaya guru dalam mengembangakan self regulation aspek metakognitif, motivasi, perilaku peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di SMK Negeri 8 Padang.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini adalah Guru PAI, Peserta Didik, dan Wakil Kurikulum, yang diterapkan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis melalui analisis kualitatif yaitu dengan urutan sebagai berikut: reduksi data, display data, kesimpulan dan verifikasi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa:(1) Upaya guru dalam mengambangkan dalam self regulation aspek metakognitif peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di SMK Negeri 8 Padang, bentuk aspek metakognitif ialah perencanaan, penetapantujuan, evaluasi. (2) Upaya guru dalam mengembangkan self regulation aspek motivasi peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di SMK Negeri 8 Padang, bentuk aspek motivasi ialah saling ketergantungan terhadap tugas, arah tujuan, kenyataan tugas. (3)Upaya guru dalam mengembangkan self regulation aspek perilaku peserta didik dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di SMK Negeri 8 Padang, bentuk aspek perilaku ialah penguatan positif dan penguatan negatif.
ANALISIS TEGANGAN ORIFICE CHAMBER YANG MENGALAMI LOKAL HOT SPOT DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA
Authors: Fitriyana Barkah , Perkasa Mustasyar , Ivano Ogi , Sulistyo Wahyu 
Published: July 2021

Orifice chamber merupakan salah satu jenis dari bejana bertekanan. Dalam proses perancangan, dibutuhkan analisis tegangan yang dapat dilakukan dengan perhitungan secara analitis maupun numerik dengan metode elemen hingga. Selain untuk perancangan, analisis tegangan secara numerik juga dilakukan untuk orifice chamber yang mengalami cacat sesuai dengan CODE API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness for Service. Cacat yang bisa terjadi pada orifice chamber salah satunya berupa hot spot. Hot spot merupakan panas lokal yang terjadi di area tertentu pada struktur orifice chamber. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan struktur orifice chamber yang mengalami lokal hot spot dengan analisis tegangan metode elemen hingga. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat pemodelan dan simulasi orifice chamber. Data temperatur hot spot didapatkan dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan fluke thermography. Hasil simulasi numerik pada orifice chamber di lokasi terjadinya hot spot berupa nilai tegangan yang lebih kecil dari tegangan ijin material sehingga struktur orifice chamber memenuhi kriteria keberterimaan dan aman untuk digunakan.
Peer Holm Jorgensen’s work, The Missing History: Based on the True Story of Dewa Soeradjana
Authors: Ardhana I Ketut 
Published: July 2021

This article was originally a paper when the author was asked to discuss Peer Holm Jorgensen’s work, The Missing History: Based on the True Story of Dewa Soeradjana, which was organized by the Bali Study Center-Udayana University in collaboration with Bentara Budaya. The title given by the author in connection with the discussion of the contents of the book is assesing the Witness of a Person in History Before the Events of September 30, 1965. It should be noted that until now, the development of Indonesian historiography is still far from the expectation of writing a complete and comprehensive history. This is because in addition to the limited historical sources available relating to the periods made in the writing of Indonesian history itself, such as between the classical historical period, modern history and contemporary history which entered into the realm of cultural studies as the post-modern era. The existence of gaps between these periods, especially in the post-revolutionary period, seems to be caused by the spirit of the times that developed after the end of the New Order era, where there was a demand for a forward total history writing. This means that there is now a demand for an open history writing, without any cover-up, so that Indonesian society in general and historians (professional historians), history enthusiasts, amateur historians, and students will be able to fully understand the history of their nation. The hope that this demand will get a chance, now that the New Order regime which ruled for more than 32 years in a centralized and authoritarian manner has ended. The hopes include the need to represent studies related to the demands of the reform era which want transparency, accountability, openness and provide defense to minority groups, and marginalized people as a result of policies that benefit the majority group. This condition gave the majority group an opportunity to legitimize its power, various strategies are carried out so that it was hoped that it would not provide opportunities for political groups or opponents to defend themselves.