bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Psychiatric Undergraduates' Attitude Towards Psychiatry
Authors: li xiao , kuang li , ai ming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective To explore the attitudes of psychiatric undergraduates toward psychiatry. Methods A total of 434 psychiatric undergraduates in Chongqing medical university were investigated with a questionnaire. Results Although in general, psychiatric undergraduates showed a positive attitude towards psychiatry, opinions about certain aspects like the reputation of psychiatry and the income were not positive. Conclusion: There are still some misunderstandings for psychiatry even among psychiatric undergraduates, some of which are based on false beliefs that should be actively targeted for remediation．
Identification of Long Noncoding RNAs in Distinct Subtypes of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells&nbsp;
Authors: Ayupe Ana , Beckedorff Felipe , Levay Konstantin , Shiekhattar Ramin , Park Kevin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of various biological processes, and their expression can be altered following certain pathological conditions, including central nervous system injury. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), whose axons form the optic nerve, are a heterogeneous population of neurons with more than 20 molecularly distinct subtypes. While most RGCs, including the ON-OFF direction-selective RGCs (ooDSGCs), are vulnerable to axonal injury, a small population of RGCs, including the intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (ipRGCs), are more resilient. Results: By performing systematic analyses on RNA-sequencing data, here we identify lncRNAs that are expressed in ooDSGCs and ipRGCs with and without axonal injury. Our results reveal a repertoire of different classes of lncRNAs, including long intergenic noncoding RNAs and antisense ncRNAs that are differentially expressed between these RGC types. Strikingly, we also found dozens of lncRNAs whose expressions are altered markedly in response to axonal injury, some of which are expressed exclusively in either one of the subtypes. Moreover, analyses into these lncRNAs unraveled their neighboring coding genes, many of which encode transcription factors and signaling molecules, suggesting that these lncRNAs may act in cis to regulate important biological processes in these neurons. Lastly, guilt-by-association analysis showed that lncRNAs are correlated with apoptosis associated genes, suggesting potential roles for these lncRNAs in RGC survival.Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study reveal RGC type-specific expression of lncRNAs and provide a foundation for future investigation of the function of lncRNAs in regulating neuronal type specification and survival.
Implementing a New Dose-response Model for Estimating Infection Probability of Campylobacter Jejuni based on the Key Events Dose-response Framework
Authors: Abe Hiroki , Takeoka Kohei , Fuchisawa Yuto , Koyama Kento , Koseki Shigenobu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Understanding the dose-response relationship between ingested pathogenic bacteria and infection probability is a key factor for appropriate risk assessment of foodborne pathogens. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a novel mechanistic dose-response model for Campylobacter jejuni and simulate the underlying mechanism of foodborne illness during digestion. Bacterial behavior in the human gastrointestinal environment, including gastric reductions, transition to intestines, and invasion to intestinal tissues, was described using a Bayesian statistical model based on the reported experimental results of each process while considering physical food types (liquid or solid) and host age (young or elderly). Combining the models in each process, the relationship between pathogen intake and the cell invasion probability of C. jejuni was estimated and compared with reported epidemiological dose-response relationships. Taking food types into account, estimations of the cell invasion probability of C. jejuni successfully described the reported dose-response relationships from substantial accidents. The developed calculation framework is thus potentially applicable to other pathogens to quantify the dose-response relationship from experimental data obtained from digestion.
Time-resolved single-shot revealing pulse evolution dynamics in ultrafast lasers
Authors: Xian Tianhao , Wang Wenchao , Zhan Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mode-locked lasers are the ideal source for precise measurements, from frequency combs to precise timing, which relies on the accurate control of the intracavity parameters in the lasers to stabilize the pulse. However, by the lack of accurate measurements, the interplays between intracavity parameters and the mode-locked pulse is still not real-time observable. Here, using the dispersive temporal interferometer, we report a method to single-shot probe the pulse evolution dynamics in time domain in the mode-locked laser. As a typical example, we demonstrate the first single-shot observation on the roundtrip time and phase evolutions of intracavity pulse during its buildup and relaxation. Three distinct evolution regimes for pulse buildup are unveiled for the first time. Moreover, the physical mechanism of the time-location and phase changes in these three regimes has also been analyzed, respectively. Our researches present a novel method to observe the intracavity-parameters-to-pulse interaction, which will improve laser design, ultrafast diagnostics, and nonlinear optics.
Prioritizing Causal Risk Factors for Severe&nbsp;COVID-19: An Exhaustive Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Sun Yitang , Zhou Jingqi , Ye Kaixiong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Identifying causal risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical for its prevention and treatment. Many associated pre-existing conditions and biomarkers have been reported, but these observational associations suffer from confounding and reverse causation. Here, we perform a large-scale two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal roles of many traits in severe COVID-19. Our results highlight multiple body mass index (BMI)-related traits as risk-increasing: BMI (OR:1.89, 95% CI:1.51–2.37), hip circumference (OR:1.46, 1.15–1.85), and waist circumference (OR:1.82, 1.36–2.43). Our multivariable MR analysis further shows that the BMI-related effect is driven by fat mass (OR:1.63, 1.03–2.58), but not fat-free mass (OR:1.00, 0.61–1.66). Several white blood cell counts are negatively associated with severe COVID-19, including those of neutrophils (OR:0.76, 0.61–0.94), granulocytes (OR:0.75, 0.601–0.93), and myeloid white blood cells (OR:0.77, 0.62–0.96). Furthermore, some circulating proteins are associated with an increased risk of (e.g., zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein) or protection from severe COVID-19 (e.g., interleukin-3/6 receptor subunit alpha). Our study shows that fat mass and white blood cells underlie the etiology of severe COVID-19. It also identifies risk and protective factors that could serve as drug targets and guide the effective protection of high-risk individuals.
Evaluating the Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Rehabilitation Methods for Patients with Stroke
Authors: Miri Farzaneh , Jahanmehr Nader , Goudarzi Reza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aims: This study evaluated and compared the cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in patients with stroke in the three alternatives of hospitals, units and homes due to the fact that one of the stroke management challenges is how to provide a rehabilitation service to these patients in Iran. Methods: This is a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of a health system. A Markov model with a 20-year time horizon in 3-month cycles was used to analyze the costs and outcomes. Cost data were collected from the 210 patients undergoing rehabilitation in the hospital, home and unit. Utility data were extracted from previously published literature with the same setting. The cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted by calculating ICER using TreeAge Software. Basic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also conducted at the end. Results: The average cost of rehabilitation in home strategy ($ 2306) was less than hospital ($2955) and unit ($3485) strategies. Furthermore, the utility of home strategy (26.03) was 8 units higher than hospital utility (17.99) and 19 units higher than utility of the stroke unit (7.03). The Acer values of hospital, stroke unit and home groups were $11424, $33159 and $7233 per utility, respectively. According to the results, the home-based rehabilitation strategy is cost effective compared to hospital and unit rehabilitation strategy. The results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis also showed that the ICER of home strategy is always cost-effective than the other strategies. Limitation: : limitation of the present study was the reliance on utility values of other studies. Conclusion: Rehabilitation at home is the most cost-effective strategy for stroke patients. Given the high rates of this disease in Iran and the high cost of it, it is suggested that policy makers lay the groundwork for providing these services at home.
Assessment Of Practice Of Breast Self-Examination And Associated Factors Among Health Science Female Students Of Ambo University: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Gemechu Yohannes Bacha , Gochole Jatani Mitiku 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast Self-Examination is process whereby women examine their breasts regularly to detect any abnormal swelling or lumps in order to seek prompt medical attention. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally and the second commonest cancer overall. The aim of this study was to assess practice of breast self-examination and associated factors among Health science female students at Ambo University in 2019.Methodology: - Institutional based cross-sectional survey was carried out among Health science female students at Ambo University in 2019. Data was collected by using a pre tested and pretested self-administered questionnaires. The response was systematically tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 20, and explanations were given separately.Result- A total of 150 respondents participated in the study, of these 80 (53.3%) of them had good knowledge and only 67(44.7%) of the respondents had practiced BSE before. Among study participants whose families had breast cancer, practice BSE 2.12 times more than study participants whose families didn’t have his tory of breast cancer (AOR=2.12; 95% CI, 1.09–3.95, P=0.044). Those who had good knowledge toward BSE were 5.5 times more likely to practice BSE than those who had poor knowledge (AOR=9.5; 95% CI, 5.5–18.8, P=0.002).Conclusions- The overall knowledge of female students towards breast self-examination was 62%. This study showed that only 67(44.7%) of the study participants ever practiced BSE. The independeent predictors of breast self examination was family history of breast cancer and knowledge how to perform breast self examination.
Integrative Analysis of Key Candidate Genes and Signaling Pathways in Acute Coronary Syndrome Related to Obstructive Sleep Apnea by bioinformatics
Authors: Shi Yanxi , Jiang Zhengye , Jiang Liqin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been clinically reported to be associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the pathogenesis between the two is unclear. Herein, we analyzed and screened out the prospective molecular marker.Methods: To explore the candidate genes, as well as signaling cascades involved in ACS related to OSA, we extracted the integrated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the intersection of genes from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts and text mining, followed by enrichment of the matching cell signal cascade through DAVID analysis. Moreover, the MCODE of Cytoscape software was employed to uncover the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the matching hub gene.Results: A total of 17 and 43 integrated human DEGs in unstable Angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) group associated with OSAs were uncovered, respectively, that met the criteria of |log2 fold change (FC)| ≥1, adjusted P <0.01. After PPI network construction, the top five hub genes associated with UA were extracted, including APP, MAPK3, MMP9, CD40 and CD40LG, whereas those associated with MI were PPARG, MAPK1, MMP9, AGT, and TGFB1.Conclusions: The establishment of the above-mentioned candidate key genes, as well as the enriched signaling cascades provides promising molecular marker for OSA-related ACS, which may help the diagnosis and treatment of ACS patients in the future.
First trimester mean arterial blood pressure is associated with placenta accreta: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Fengge , Qu Miaomiao , Zhu Liangxi , Dong Fangxiang , Liu Miao , Su Chunlong , Yu Tiantian , Man Dongmei , Chen Shuxiong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective

The present study investigated whether first trimester mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) differed among pregnancies with placenta accreta and healthy pregnancies.
Methods

We recruited 152 pregnant females from 1 January 2016 to 30 January 2020 in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University in this study, including 41 cases of placenta accreta pregnancies and 111 cases of BMI- and age-matched healthy pregnant controls. First trimester MAPs were acquired from laboratory data files of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the probable risk predictor of placenta accreta.
Results

The performance of MAP was lower in healthy pregnancies. The MAP of the placenta accreta group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p = 0.001 < 0.05). Our results also showed that MAP was significantly positively associated with placenta accreta after adjusting for age, BMI, fertilization type, gestational week at time of blood pressure measurement, and previous cesarean section history (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.69; p = 0.0013 < 0.05). In addition, smoking during pregnancy (OR: 7.57; 95% CI: 1.41–40.72; p = 0.018 < 0.05) and previous cesarean section history (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.19–5.54; p = 0.016 < 0.05) were significantly positively associated with placenta accreta.
Conclusions

Increased first trimester MAP was significantly positively associated with placenta accreta, suggesting the potential role of MAP in identifying high-risk pregnancies for placenta accreta. Smoking during pregnancy and previous cesarean section history may be risk factors for placenta accreta.
Hydatid cysts of the liver rupture into the peritoneal cavity: Fifteen cases and review of the literature
Authors: MEJRI Atef , ARFAOUI Khaoula , SAAD Sarra , RCHIDI Jasser , OMRI Ahmed , MSEDDI Mohamed Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHydatid cyst is an infectious disease caused mainly by E. Granulosus, which is generally considered benign, however, the rupture of the hepatic Hydatid Cyst to the abdominal cavity is a life-threatening incident that requires urgent and multidisciplinary management (emergency physician, radiologists, aneasthetists and surgeons). This study aims to describe the various clinical and paraclinical features of ruptured liver hydatid cyst in the peritoneal cavity, and to detail the appropriate treatment.Materials and MethodsFifteen cases of ruptured liver hydatid cyst into the abdominal cavity that underwent urgent surgery were collected over a period of eight years. Results There were nine men and six women. The average age was 38 years. Two patients were admitted with abdominal trauma. All patients presented with acute abdominal pain. Only one patient had anaphylactic shock. Abdominal ultrasound showed discontinuous cyst wall and intraperitoneal fluid in 100% of cases. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed discontinuous cyst wall with intraperitoneal fluid in 100% of cases. Intraoperatively, the intraperitoneal fluid was clear in thirteen cases and purulent in two. All patients underwent unroofing procedure associated with intra-operative peritoneal lavage and external drainage. The mean hospital stay was 6.11 days and the mean follow-up was 19 months. No case of recurrence was reported among the patients.ConclusionRupture of a hydatid cyst in the abdominal cavity should be considered as a differential diagnosis in every case of an acute abdominal pain, especially in endemic areas and in presence of an allergic reaction or signs of anaphylactic shock. Combined medical and surgical care starting in the emergency room is the only guarantee of a good outcome.
Motivation, Interaction, and Teaching Strategy of the Teachers Dealing with Autism Spectrum Disorder Children
Authors: Kapoor Rati , Singh Arpit , Pradhan Manas Ranjan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Caregivers such as teachers and parents have a huge impact on children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 10 in-depth semi-structured interviews with teachers explored motivation, interaction and teaching strategy among teachers dealing with children with Autism. Study showed that the teachers lack in-depth knowledge or practice session or course regarding Autism despite their education. With work experience as teacher or therapist they gain insight on Autism. Study found some unique ways of interaction among teachers and children such as sign language and picture method. Also, no specific teaching strategy was used, as every teacher uses different strategy for different child. Further research is required for deep awareness and teaching development programmes so that they can help children with Autism.
The Mechanism of Cartilage Regeneration by Buffy Coat and the Pre-clinical Study
Authors: Song Guo , Gurung Kumar , Fu ShouYong , Jin GuangWen , Jin Longhao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAutologous bone marrow buffy coat transplantation possesses obvious advantages in the therapy of large cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. However, there is no definite research on the specific effective components of bone marrow buffy coat and its mechanism of cartilage regeneration. Moreover, as the crucial cartilage regenerative cell in bone marrow buffy coat, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are difficult to fix onto the damaged cartilage area without damaging the subchondral bone. We assessed the effect of using hyaluronic acid(HA) as a liquid scaffold mixed with autologous bone marrow buffy coat to fix cartilage defect.Methods and MaterialsWe extracted the bone marrow from the anterior superior iliac crest of the white New Zealand rabbit, centrifuged to obtain a buffy coat, and analyzed the components of buffy coat by ELISA. Buffy coat+HA group, MSC+HA group, MSC+TGF-β+HA group were cultured in vitro and observed by staining. In addition, we made damage to the femoral condyle of rabbits, and divided them into groups: HA group, buffy coat group, buffy coat with HA group. Each group was assessed for cartilage regeneration by visual observation, histological and immunohistochemical analysis at 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and biochemical analysis at 8 weeks postoperatively. One-way ANOVA and LSD were used for statistic analysis.ResultsBuffy coat have a variety of growth factors, inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors that stimulate the MSCs’ regeneration. Buffy coat can differentiate into cartilage without TGF-β stimulation in vitro. The cartilage regeneration ability of buffy coat and buffy coat+HA is strong, and the combination of buffy coat and liquid scaffold HA can make cartilage formation ability more stable in vivo.ConclusionMSC, multiple growth factors and cytokines in buffy coat synergistically promote cartilage regeneration. Liquid scaffold HA enhances the effect of buffy coat on cartilage attachment and regeneration of cartilage defects.
Case report: Compound heterozygous mutations in AP4M1 gene identified in a Chinese infant with Infantile Spasms and Global developmental delay
Authors: Zhang Lily , Jin Xingbing , Wang Yaqin , He Yan , Li Haoyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Adaptor protein complex-4 (AP-4), a heterotetrameric protein complex, plays an important role in vesicle trafficking in neurons. Mutations in genes affecting different subunits of AP-4, including AP4B1, AP4E1, AP4S1, and AP4M1, have been recently associated with spastic tetraplegia, developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID).Case presentation: We report on a Chinese patient with infantile spasms, infantile hypotonia and global developmental delay. Exome sequencing showed compound heterozygous mutations in AP4M1(c.19A>G, p.I7V and c.137C>T, p.P46L).Conclusions: This is the first case of biallelic missense variants lay on the region encoding LH domain, which is important for membrane trafficking via protein–protein and intramolecular binding specificities. Our study expands the molecular spectrum associated with AP-4 deficiency syndrome, and reviews the clinical features of reported patients with AP4M1 mutations.
Association Between Social Participation and Physical Disability Among the Elderly in China: a Longitudinal Fixed-effects Analysis
Authors: Zeng Yanbing , Que Shuang , Fang Ya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: There are limited data on the causal relationship between social participation and physical disabilities among the elderly ≥65 in China. Objective: To investigate the associations between the intensity and diversity of social participation and physical disabilities and how these differ between subgroups of gender and educational attainment.Methods: We analyzed data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2008-2018, including 9412 observations. Physical disability was measured using the degree of limitations in the activities of daily living (ADLs). Social participation (i.e., housework, outdoor activities, raising domestic animals, playing cards and/or mahjong and so on) was divided into household, leisure, and sociable types. A fixed-effects model was adopted.Results: The elderly participating in social activities were at lower risk of developing physical disabilities (β=2.692, p<0.001). High participation intensity was associated with a reduction in physical disability for the female (β=0.037, p<0.001) and illiterate elderly (β=0.036, p<0.001). Raising domestic animals in household type was associated with an increase in physical disability among the female (β=-0.200, p<0.01) and illiterate elderly (β=-0.196, p<0.01). Playing cards and/or mahjong in sociable type was associated with a reduction in physical disability among the male elderly (β=0.120, p<0.05) and the elderly with primary school education (β=0.130, p<0.05).Conclusion: These associations between the intensity and diversity of social participation and physical disability might be causal in nature. And that associations differed by gender and educational attainment. Not all forms of social participation could benefit physical ability among the elderly, especially for the female and illiterate.