bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Truncated cluster algebras and Feynman integrals with algebraic letters
Authors: He Song , Li Zhenjie , Yang Qinglin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We propose that the symbol alphabet for classes of planar, dual-conformal-invariant Feynman integrals can be obtained as truncated cluster algebras purely from their kinematics, which correspond to boundaries of (compactifications of) G+(4, n)/T for the n-particle massless kinematics. For one-, two-, three-mass-easy hexagon kinematics with n = 7, 8, 9, we find finite cluster algebras D4, D5 and D6 respectively, in accordance with previous result on alphabets of these integrals. As the main example, we consider hexagon kinematics with two massive corners on opposite sides and find a truncated affine D4 cluster algebra whose polytopal realization is a co-dimension 4 boundary of that of G+(4, 8)/T with 39 facets; the normal vectors for 38 of them correspond to g-vectors and the remaining one gives a limit ray, which yields an alphabet of 38 rational letters and 5 algebraic ones with the unique four-mass-box square root. We construct the space of integrable symbols with this alphabet and physical first-entry conditions, whose dimension can be reduced using conditions from a truncated version of cluster adjacency. Already at weight 4, by imposing last-entry conditions inspired by the n = 8 double-pentagon integral, we are able to uniquely determine an integrable symbol that gives the algebraic part of the most generic double-pentagon integral. Finally, we locate in the space the n = 8 double-pentagon ladder integrals up to four loops using differential equations derived from Wilson-loop d log forms, and we find a remarkable pattern about the appearance of algebraic letters.
The three-loop MHV octagon from $$ \overline{Q} $$ equations
Authors: Li Zhenjie , Zhang Chi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The $$ \overline{Q} $$

Q
¯

equations, rooted in the dual superconformal anomalies, are a powerful tool for computing amplitudes in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. By using the $$ \overline{Q} $$

Q
¯

equations, we compute the symbol of the first MHV amplitude with algebraic letters — the three-loop 8-point amplitude (or the octagon remainder function) — in this theory. The symbol alphabet for this amplitude consists of 204 independent rational letters and shares the same 18 algebraic letters with the two-loop 8-point NMHV amplitude.
Applications of Data Driven Methods in Computational Materials Design
Authors: Dösinger Christoph , Spitaler Tobias , Reichmann Alexander , Scheiber Daniel , Romaner Lorenz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn today’s digitized world, large amounts of data are becoming available at rates never seen before. This holds true also for materials science where high-throughput simulations and experiments continuously produce new data. Data driven methods are required which can make best use of the information stored in large data repositories. In the present article, two of such data driven methods are presented. First, we apply machine learning to generalize and extend the results obtained from computationally intense density functional theory (DFT) simulations. We show how grain boundary segregation energies can be trained with gradient boosting regression and extended to many more positions in the grain boundary for a complete description. The second method relies on Bayesian inference, which can be used to calibrate models to give data and quantification of the model uncertainty. The method is applied to calibrate parameters in thermodynamic models of the Gibbs energy of Ti-W alloys. The uncertainty of the model parameters is quantified and propagated to the phase boundaries of the Ti-W system.
Extracellular citrate and metabolic adaptations of cancer cells
Authors: Parkinson E. Kenneth , Adamski Jerzy , Zahn Grit , Gaumann Andreas , Flores-Borja Fabian , Ziegler Christine , Mycielska Maria E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is well established that cancer cells acquire energy via the Warburg effect and oxidative phosphorylation. Citrate is considered to play a crucial role in cancer metabolism by virtue of its production in the reverse Krebs cycle from glutamine. Here, we review the evidence that extracellular citrate is one of the key metabolites of the metabolic pathways present in cancer cells. We review the different mechanisms by which pathways involved in keeping redox balance respond to the need of intracellular citrate synthesis under different extracellular metabolic conditions. In this context, we further discuss the hypothesis that extracellular citrate plays a role in switching between oxidative phosphorylation and the Warburg effect while citrate uptake enhances metastatic activities and therapy resistance. We also present the possibility that organs rich in citrate such as the liver, brain and bones might form a perfect niche for the secondary tumour growth and improve survival of colonising cancer cells. Consistently, metabolic support provided by cancer-associated and senescent cells is also discussed. Finally, we highlight evidence on the role of citrate on immune cells and its potential to modulate the biological functions of pro- and anti-tumour immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. Collectively, we review intriguing evidence supporting the potential role of extracellular citrate in the regulation of the overall cancer metabolism and metastatic activity.
A new operational approach for understanding water-related interactions to achieve water sustainability in growing cities
Authors: Torres López Susana , Barrionuevo Maria de los Angeles , Rodríguez-Labajos Beatriz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAbout 56 percent of the world’s population currently lives in cities. Anthropogenic activities have both directly and indirectly modified their environment. Therefore, management actions at the urban level determine whether or not cities are heading toward sustainability. Consequently, water management is in need of a clear insight of the social and ecological water-related interactions. Thus, a new operational approach is proposed for a better understanding of the interactions between the water cycle, cities and the society. In our approach, eleven key issues and their interactions emerge from an analysis of 371 documents published between 2012 and 2018. The interactions between different key issues were examined through four main foci of analysis: water resources, urban throughput, water equity, and water governance and financing. Those main foci help to comprehend water as a holistic element intertwined in urban areas. In addition, our approach provides six challenges to guide the stakeholders in decision-making processes: how to recognize, integrate, and/or restore water-related ecosystem services, how to maintain and improve the supporting green and blue spaces, how to guarantee the quality and quantity of water resources and the water supplied and used, how to ensure public and social health and well-being of the citizens, how to prevent and manage water-related conflicts, and how to make informed and equitable decisions on water management at urban level?
Entwicklung des Einsamkeitsempfindens im Alter in Zeiten von COVID-19
Authors: Richter Lukas , Heidinger Theresa 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag betrachtet die Einsamkeitsentwicklung vor und in den ersten Monaten der Covid-19-Pandemie vor dem Hintergrund sozioökonomischer Lagen älterer Menschen. Hierfür werden Varianzanalysen mit Daten aus Niederösterreich aus zwei Surveys (vor und während der Covid-19-Pandemie) durchgeführt. Die Analysen zeigen, dass es sich bei älteren Menschen nicht um eine homogene Gruppe handelt, das Einsamkeitsniveau also bereits vor der Pandemie divergent ausgeprägt war und sich diese bestehenden Unterschiede während der Pandemie mit geringer Variation weitgehend auf einem etwas höheren Niveau erhalten haben.
Evidence for interactive common causes. Resuming the Cartwright-Hausman-Woodward debate
Authors: Näger Paul M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe most serious candidates for common causes that fail to screen off (‘interactive common causes’, ICCs) and thus violate the causal Markov condition (CMC) refer to quantum phenomena. In her seminal debate with Hausman and Woodward, Cartwright early on focussed on unfortunate non-quantum examples. Especially, Hausman and Woodward’s redescriptions of quantum cases saving the CMC remain unchallenged. This paper takes up this lose end of the discussion and aims to resolve the debate in favour of Cartwright’s position. It systematically considers redescriptions of ICC structures, including those by Hausman and Woodward, and explains why these are inappropriate, when quantum mechanics (in an objective collapse interpretation) is true. It first shows that all cases of purported quantum ICCs are cases of entanglement and then, using the tools of causal modelling, it provides an analysis of the quantum mechanical formalism for the case that the collapse of entangled systems is best described as a causal model with an ICC.
Purifying applied mathematics and applying pure mathematics: how a late Wittgensteinian perspective sheds light onto the dichotomy
Authors: Pérez-Escobar José Antonio , Sarikaya Deniz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work we argue that there is no strong demarcation between pure and applied mathematics. We show this first by stressing non-deductive components within pure mathematics, like axiomatization and theory-building in general. We also stress the “purer” components of applied mathematics, like the theory of the models that are concerned with practical purposes. We further show that some mathematical theories can be viewed through either a pure or applied lens. These different lenses are tied to different communities, which endorse different evaluative standards for theories. We evaluate the distinction between pure and applied mathematics from a late Wittgensteinian perspective. We note that the classical exegesis of the later Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics, due to Maddy, leads to a clear-cut but misguided demarcation. We then turn our attention to a more niche interpretation of Wittgenstein by Dawson, which captures aspects of the aforementioned distinction more accurately. Building on this newer, maverick interpretation of the later Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics, and endorsing an extended notion of meaning as use which includes social, mundane uses, we elaborate a fuzzy, but more realistic, demarcation. This demarcation, relying on family resemblance, is based on how direct and intended technical applications are, the kind of evaluative standards featured, and the range of rhetorical purposes at stake.
Analytical and numerical comparisons of two methods of estimation of additive × additive × additive interaction of QTL effects
Authors: Cyplik Adrian , Bocianowski Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the analytical and numerical comparison of two methods of estimation of additive × additive × additive (aaa) interaction of QTL effects. The first method takes into account only the plant phenotype, while in the second we also included genotypic information from molecular marker observation. Analysis was made on 150 doubled haploid (DH) lines of barley derived from cross Steptoe × Morex and 145 DH lines from Harrington × TR306 cross. In total, 153 sets of observation was analyzed. In most cases, aaa interactions were found with an exert effect on QTL. Results also show that with molecular marker observations, obtained estimators had smaller absolute values than phenotypic estimators.
Passive solar house prototype design with a new bio-based material for a semi-arid climate
Authors: Boulebbina Cherif , Mebarki Ghazali , Rahal Samir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, a passive solar house prototype was built using Trombe wall and was tested in the semi-arid region of Batna, in eastern Algeria. Traditional local materials (stone and adobe) were used for the construction of the thermal storage wall. A new local bio-based material made from date palm trunks was used for the insulation of the passive house prototype. For a better understanding of passive house heating and for a comparative study, a numerical simulation, using Fluent, was carried out. The aim of this study was to supply recommendations for improving the passive systems and to participate to the energy consumption control in the building sector. The results show that the experimental and numerical simulation results are in good agreement. The optimal orientation of the solar passive house has been determined, which is at 160° southeast. The use of local and bio-based materials has proven its effectiveness in the construction of the passive house. The thermal behavior of date palm wood has been found to be close to those of insulation materials commonly used in buildings. That means it has the same thermal insulation ability (thermal conductivity). On the other hand, the results show that the thermal efficiency of the passive solar heating system, with an adobe wall is significantly higher (50%) than that with a stone wall (30.7%).
Green road–rail intermodal routing problem with improved pickup and delivery services integrating truck departure time planning under uncertainty: an interactive fuzzy programming approach
Authors: Sun Yan , Yu Nan , Huang Baoliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the multi-objective optimization for the road–rail intermodal routing problem that aims to minimize the total costs and carbon dioxide emissions of the routes. To achieve high timeliness of the entire transportation process, pickup and delivery services are simultaneously improved based on the employment of fuzzy soft time windows to measure their service levels. The modeling of road–rail intermodal routing considers fixed schedules of rail and time flexibility of road to match the real-world transportation scenario, in which travel times and carbon dioxide emission factors of road services are considered to be time-varying. To improve the feasibility of the routing, uncertainty of travel times and carbon dioxide emission factors of road services and capacities of rail services are incorporated into the problem. By applying trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to formulate the uncertainty, we propose a fuzzy multi-objective nonlinear optimization model for the routing problem that integrates the truck departure time planning for road services. After processing the model with fuzzy chance-constrained programming and linearization, we obtain an auxiliary equivalent crisp linear model and solve it by designing an interactive fuzzy programming approach with the Bounded Objective Function method. Based on an empirical case study, we demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach and discuss the effects of improving the confidence levels and service levels on the optimization results. The case analysis reveals several managerial insights that help to realize an efficient transportation organization by making effective trade-offs among lowering costs, reducing emissions, improving service levels, and enhancing feasibility.
A retrospective analysis of community-onset bloodstream infections at a tertiary-care academic hospital in South Africa. Are current empiric antimicrobial practices appropriate?
Authors: Alex Vinitha , Nana Trusha , Chibabhai Vindana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Community-onset bloodstream infection (CO-BSI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of locally prevalent pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns can promptly guide appropriate empiric therapy and improve outcomes.

Objectives:
We sought to determine the epidemiology of CO-BSI, the blood culture positivity rate and the contamination rate. We also sought to establish appropriateness of current empiric antimicrobial therapy practices.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed blood cultures taken from January 2015 to December 2019 at the emergency departments (EDs) of a tertiary-care academic hospital in South Africa using extracted laboratory data.

Results:
The overall positivity rate of blood cultures taken at the EDs was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.16) and the contamination rate was 7% (95% CI, 0.06–0.07). Gram-positive bacteria predominated in the pediatric cohort: neonates, 52 (54%) of 96; infants, 57 (52%) of 109; older children, 63 (61%) of 103. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen among older children: 30 (35%) of 85. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated among adults and the elderly: 225 (21%) of 1,060 and 62 (29%) of 214, respectively. Among neonates, the susceptibility of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to the combination of ampicillin and gentamicin was 17 (68%) of 25. Among adults, the susceptibility of the 5 most common pathogens to amoxicillin-clavulanate was 426 (78%) of 546 and their susceptibility to ceftriaxone was 481 (85%) of 565 (P = .20). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales were low among all age groups.

Conclusions:
Review of blood culture collection techniques is warranted to reduce the contamination rate. High rates of resistance to currently prescribed empiric antimicrobial agents for CO-BSI warrants a re-evaluation of local guidelines.
Impact of foreign domestic workers on the fertility decision of households: evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Nakamura Nobuyuki , Suzuki Aya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA potential solution to low fertility is the employment of foreign domestic workers (FDWs), who substitute child-rearing and housework duties, thus reducing child-rearing costs. Recent studies argue that the flow of low-skilled foreign workers into the childcare sector influences fertility choice. However, these studies mainly use the availability of FDWs in the local area as the causal inference and focus on Western countries, making it difficult to identify individual direct effects or generalize the findings to other countries. To bridge this research gap and examine the impacts, this study uses household data from the Hong Kong census. Employing ordinary least squares, the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment, and the instrumental variable approach, we find that households that employ live-in FDWs give birth to more children. Moreover, the heterogeneous analysis reveals that women's greater proportional contribution to household income has a positive impact on households' fertility response after employing the FDWs.
Mechanical complications of central venous catheters in children: A cohort study
Authors: Moore Kieran J. , Greencorn David , Smith Nadine , Langley Joanne M. , Kulkarni Ketan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:Despite the numerous advantages of central venous catheters (CVCs), they have been associated with a variety of complications. Surveillance for mechanical complications of CVCs is not routine, so the true incidence and impact of this adverse patient outcome remains unclear.Setting and methods:Prospectively collected CVC data on mechanical complications were reviewed from a centralized database for all in-hospital patient days at our tertiary-care hospital from January 2001 to June 2016 in patients aged <19 years. Patient demographics, CVC characteristics, and rates of mechanical complications per 1,000 days of catheter use were described.Results:In total, 8,747 CVCs were placed in 5,743 patients during the study period, which captured 780,448 catheter days. The overall mechanical complication rate was 6.1 per 1,000 catheter days (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9–6.3). The highest complication rates were in nontunneled lines; this was consistent throughout the 15-year study period. Also, 521 CVCs (∼6%) were removed due to mechanical complications before therapy termination. Catheters with tip location in the superior vena cava or right atrium had the fewest complications.Conclusions:Mechanical complications of CVCs are a common and significant event in the pediatric population. We propose that CVC-associated mechanical complications become a routinely reported patient safety outcome.
Satisfaction with the Police in Chile: The Importance of Legitimacy and Fair Treatment
Authors: Dammert Lucía , Elorrieta Felipe , Alda Erik 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis study addresses a void in the literature on public attitudes toward police in Latin America. It integrates three theoretical models of the determinants of citizen satisfaction with police work in Chile: demographic, quality of life in the neighborhood, and experiential. The study tested the integrated model using a novel random sample of 996 individuals living in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. The results underscore the importance of legitimacy centered on fair treatment, respect for human rights, and the perception that the police represent society. The findings are also significant for the Chilean institutional political process and for the Latin American police reform debate.
Uniform perfectness of the Berkovich Julia sets in non-archimedean dynamics
Authors: OKUYAMA YÛSUKE 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe show that a rational function f of degree
$>1$
on the projective line over an algebraically closed field that is complete with respect to a non-trivial and non-archimedean absolute value has no potentially good reductions if and only if the Berkovich Julia set of f is uniformly perfect. As an application, a uniform regularity of the boundary of each Berkovich Fatou component of f is also established.
GALAXY CRUISE: Accessible Big Data of the Subaru Telescope for Citizen Astronomers
Authors: Usuda-Sato Kumiko , Tanaka Masayuki , Koike Michitaro , Shibata Junko , Naito Seiichiro , Yamaoka Hitoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Universe is full of galaxies of various shapes; some galaxies have spiral arms and others don’t. Why do galaxies show such diversity? How were galaxies formed and evolved? Galaxies are thought to grow by interacting and merging with other galaxies, and the galaxy mergers may be the key process creating the variety. GALAXY CRUISE is the first citizen science project conducted by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) to unlock galaxies’ secrets using the big observational data. We made the superior quality big data taken by the Subaru Telescope accessible to the public and invited them to participate in data classification. Here we report how we designed the website and its first-year progress.
Graupel Precipitating From Thin Arctic Clouds With Liquid Water Paths Less Than 50 g m−2
Authors: Fitch Kyle E. , Garrett Timothy J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRimed precipitation growth can efficiently remove moisture and aerosols from the boundary layer, yet thin low‐level Arctic mixed‐phase clouds are generally thought to precipitate pristine and aggregated ice crystals. Here we present automated surface photographic measurements showing that only 34% of precipitation particles exhibit negligible riming and that graupel particlesin diameter commonly fall from clouds with liquid water paths less than 50 g m−2. Analyses indicate that significant riming enhancement can occur provided sustained updrafts of 0.4 m s−1, consistent with those measured in Arctic clouds. A Lagrangian numerical simulation that tracks falling particles suggests that similar updraft speeds can account for about one half of the observed riming enhancement. Riming enhancement appears particularly likely when weak temperature inversions are observed at cloud top, but a full explanation remains to be determined.