bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des députés « hors sol » ?
Authors: Pellen Cédric 
Published: September 2021

Cet article ambitionne de participer à une meilleure compréhension des processus de l’action publique à destination des émigrés et, plus spécifiquement, des implications sur leur dynamique de l’instauration d’une représentation parlementaire spéciale dans le pays d’origine. À travers l’étude approfondie des premiers députés des Français de l’étranger sous la 14 e législature de l’Assemblée nationale (2012-2017), il montre que ceux-ci se sont attachés à cultiver, à travers les frontières, leur proximité avec leurs mandants et à peser sur l’orientation des politiques françaises de diaspora. Néanmoins, l’analyse pointe également que ce mandat original fait peser sur ses détenteurs des contraintes particulières qui entravent leurs efforts d’implantation locale et d’influence sur les sujets intéressant spécifiquement les émigrés français.
Evaluation of clinicoradiological outcomes of lateral vertebral notch referred pedicular screws entry point in subaxial cervical spine by freehand technique
Authors: Sandeep Sonone , Dahapute Aditya Anand , Balasubramanian Sai Gautam , Nashikkar Piyush , Marathe Nandan , Sonavane Shalaka Ramesh 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
Cervical pedicle screws (CPSs), though associated with complications and steep learning curve, have significantly increased strength and stability as compared to any other posterior instrumentation methods. Using anatomical referral techniques, pedicle screws can be inserted safely with a high accuracy rate obviating the need for anterior stabilization. Our present study aims to investigate the safety and outcomes of lateral vertebral notch (LVN) referred entry point for subaxial CPSs by freehand technique.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively studied 22 patients who underwent CPS fixation. Computed tomography (CT) scan with angiography was done in each case to know the anatomy, characteristics, and anomalies of each pedicle. Postoperative CT scan was done to look for any breach in cervical pedicles. We used free hand technique for insertion of subaxial cervical pedicles taking LVN as a reference point. The authors used the medial wall of the cervical pedicles as a safe guide for the probes that walked along it.

Results:
Eighty screws were inserted in total in the study group. Mean angle of screw with sagittal axis of vertebrae was 23.43° ± 9.279°. Range of angle used was 6°–40°. Perforation occurred in 11 pedicle screws: C3 (2 out of 8, 25%), c5 (3 out of 20, 15%), and c4 (4 of 22, 18%). Out of 11 perforations, four were complete and seven were partial perforations. One complete medial perforation was associated with radiculopathy that required revision.

Conclusion:
The technique described in the study can be considered relatively safe, easy, and reliable method of inserting cervical pedicle screws with high accuracy (86.25%) and low complication rates (1.25%). However, meticulous preoperative planning is required.
Novel use of percutaneous cervical pedicle inlet screws for supplemental posterior fixation after anterior cervical deformity correction
Authors: Gelinne Aaron , Abumoussa Andrew L. , Sloboda Cole A. , Bhowmick Deb A. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Correction of cervical deformity can be achieved using anterior cervical fixation and fusion techniques. However, supplemental posterior fixation is a critical component for ensuring biomechanical longevity and favorable patient outcomes. We present a novel percutaneous technique for posterior cervical fixation in patients where cervical pedicle (CP) screws may not be feasible and midline muscle dissection is not needed.

Methods:
Three patients presented to our hospital with cervical pathology amendable to circumferential cervical fusion. After adequate deformity correction was performed through an anterior cervical decompression and fusion, staged posterior supplemental fixation was achieved using percutaneous CP inlet (CPI) screws using a percutaneous muscle-sparing approach.

Results:
All three patients underwent CPI screw placement without postoperative neurovascular complications. Postoperative radiographic follow-up showed the desired, proper screw placement, with continued maintained cervical alignment.

Conclusions:
CPI screw placement may be alternative hybrid screw that achieves a advantageous safety profile while also avoiding an open midline exposure.
A Histological Study on the Acute Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Administered by Different Routes on Albino Rat Lung
Authors: Mohammed Heba Abdel Latif , El Shakaa Nagwa M. , Bahaa Nevine , Zeid Asmaa A. Abo 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and Aim of the Work:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are considered the most frequently utilized NPs, so the potential for human exposure has increased tremendously. Hence, the study is aimed to compare the histopathological effects of high and low doses of ZnO NPs administered intranasally or intravenously on lung tissue of adult rat's male albino.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into Group I; control group, Group II (intranasal administered group) was subdivided into Subgroup IIA and IIB, in which the animals were injected with 4 and 30 mg/kg of ZnO NPs, respectively. Group III (intravenous administered group) was subdivided into two subgroups with the same doses as Group II. Blood samples were collected after 24 h for estimating serum level of lactate dehydrogenase. Rat lungs were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis.

Results:
ZnO NPs caused thickening of interalveolar septa. Extravasated red blood cells were noticed in the alveolar lumen and in some bronchioles. Many dilated blood vessels exhibited focal disruption and focal thickening of their wall. Collagenous fibers were deposited in the interalveolar septa and the walls of bronchi. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha immune reactivity was significantly increased. These findings increased on dose increase, mainly in the intranasal administered group when compared with the intravenous group.

Conclusion:
ZnO NPs administration caused toxic effects on the histological structure of albino rat lung. These effects were route and dose-dependent, being more obvious after intranasal administration.
IgG Subclasses and Congenital Transmission of Chagas Disease
Authors: Roca Cristian , Málaga-Machaca Edith S. , Verastegui Manuela R. , Scola Billy , Valencia-Ayala Edward , Menduiña Maria del Carmen , Noazin Sassan , Bowman Natalie M. , Tinajeros Freddy , Gilman Robert H. , _ _ 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT.
The mechanism of vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi is poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the role of IgG subclasses in the congenital transmission of Chagas disease. We conducted a case-control study in a public maternity hospital in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, enrolling women at delivery. Thirty women who transmitted T. cruzi to their newborns (cases), and 51 women who did not (controls) were randomly selected from 676 total seropositive women. Trypanosoma cruzi–specific IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 levels were measured by in-house ELISA. The IgG4 levels were unmeasurable as a result of low levels in all participants. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results and demographic factors were also analyzed. One-unit increases in normalized absorbance ratio of IgG1 or IgG2 levels increased the odds of congenital T. cruzi transmission in Chagas-seropositive women by 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1–3.6) and 2.27 (95% CI: 0.9–5.7), adjusted for age and previous blood transfusion. Odds of congenital transmission were 7.0 times higher in parasitemic mothers (95% CI: 2.3–21.3, P < 0.01) compared with nonparasitemic mothers. We observed that all mothers with IgG1 ≥ 4 were transmitters (sensitivity = 20%, specificity = 100%). Additionally, no mothers with IgG2 < 1.13 were transmitters (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 21.6%). We demonstrated that IgG subclasses and parasite presence in blood are associated with vertical transmission of T. cruzi and could identify women at increased risk for congenital transmission by measuring IgG subclasses. These measures have potential as objective screening tests to predict the congenital transmission of Chagas.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Investigation of Molecular Markers of Antimalarial Resistance
Authors: Moriarty Leah F. , Nkoli Papy Mandoko , Likwela Joris Losimba , Mulopo Patrick Mitashi , Sompwe Eric Mukomena , Rika Junior Matangila , Mavoko Hypolite Muhindo , Svigel Samaly S. , Jones Sam , Ntamabyaliro Nsengi Y. , Kaputu Albert Kutekemeni , Lucchi Naomi , Subramaniam Gireesh , Niang Mame , Sadou Aboubacar , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Muyembe Tamfum Jean Jacques , Schmedes Sarah E. , Plucinski Mateusz M. , Chowell-Puente Gerardo , Halsey Eric S. , Kahunu Gauthier Mesia 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT.
Routine assessment of the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is critical for the early detection of antimalarial resistance. We evaluated the efficacy of ACTs recommended for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in five sites in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): artemether-lumefantrine (AL), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ), and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Children aged 6–59 months with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum malaria were treated with one of the three ACTs and monitored. The primary endpoints were uncorrected and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-corrected 28-day (AL and ASAQ) or 42-day (DP) cumulative efficacy. Molecular markers of resistance were investigated. Across the sites, uncorrected efficacy estimates ranged from 63% to 88% for AL, 73% to 100% for ASAQ, and 56% to 91% for DP. PCR-corrected efficacy estimates ranged from 86% to 98% for AL, 91% to 100% for ASAQ, and 84% to 100% for DP. No pfk13 mutations previously found to be associated with ACT resistance were observed. Statistically significant associations were found between certain pfmdr1 and pfcrt genotypes and treatment outcome. There is evidence of efficacy below the 90% cutoff recommended by WHO to consider a change in first-line treatment recommendations of two ACTs in one site not far from a monitoring site in Angola that has shown similar reduced efficacy for AL. Confirmation of these findings in future therapeutic efficacy monitoring in DRC is warranted.
Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness Training in Lao PDR: A Pilot Study of an Adaptable Approach to Training and Supervision
Authors: O’Loughlin Freya , Phangmanixay Sommanikhone , Sisouk Kongkham , Phommanivong Viengvaly , Phiahouaphanh Onevanh , AlEryani Salwa , Raajimakers Hendrikus , Gray Amy 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT.
Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) has been part of the national strategy for child health in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic since 2003. The program, while running for an extended period, has faced multiple challenges including maintaining the teaching quality for the implementation of the IMNCI guidelines and a structure to enable and support healthcare workers trained to apply the training in their workplace. A revised training model that focused on building skills for teaching according to adult learning principles in a pool of facilitators, a practical and hands-on training workshop for healthcare workers, and the establishment of a program of health center supervision was developed and implemented in three provinces. Participants in the revised model reported increased confidence in implementing IMNCI guidelines, they demonstrated competence in the steps of IMNCI and on follow-up assessment at a supervision visit were found to have improved patient care through the measurement of pediatric case management scores. This study highlights the importance of a focus on education to ensure the translation of guidelines into practice and thereby lead to improvements in the quality of pediatric care. The IMNCI training approach is acceptable and valued by healthcare worker participants.
In-vitro Wound Healing Properties of Commiphora swynnertonii Resinous Extracts
Authors: Bakari G.G. , Mshamu S.A. , Ally M.H. , Max R.A. , Bai H. 
Published: September 2021

Wound healing is a complex multicellular process involving many cell types which include; inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The process involves an orderly sequence of events with four overlapping phases namely; haemostasis, inflammatory, proliferation and remodeling phases. The process can be facilitated by the use of wound healing agents including herbal remedies from plants. In this study the main objective was to evaluate the in vitro wound healing activity of the resin obtained from Commiphora swynnertonii (C.swynnertonii). First the NIH -3T3 cells viability were evaluated using (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Then the wound scratch assay model was used to evaluate cellular proliferation, closure of the wound and release of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes. Results indicate differences in mean cell viability between different concentrations within 24 hours of incubation. The highest viability was recorded at the concentration of 1% (v/v). The in-vitro wound scratch assay showed positive NIH - 3T3 cells proliferation on the wound area and cells migration when compared with control group (without treatment) at 0 and 24 hours. In addition, C. swynnertonii was able to stimulate secretion of MMP-2 release from NIH - 3T3 cells. MMP-2 is an important enzyme for extracellular matrix remodeling during wound healing suggesting that C. swynnertonii promotes wound healing by stimulating cell proliferation and production of MMP-2 in a mechanism that is currently not known.
La MiniQuest a la vanguardia en Tecnologías para el Aprendizaje
Authors: Márquez Aurora Farfán , Sánchez Rosa María Zúñiga , Farfán Emilia Cantoral 
Published: September 2021

Introducción
Las tecnologías de la información tienen alrededor de tres décadas ayudándonos a realizar trabajos más rápidos, creativos y lo más sorprendente colaborativos ya que podemos estar en diferentes lugares al mismo tiempo y mantener la comunicación. En esta época actual el internet, resulta útil y acorta distancias. Ello es un estímulo para integrar la enseñanza-aprendizaje y realizar mejoras en el aula dejando de lado la enseñanza tradicional. Mediante el internet, podemos diseñar y planear diversos cursos y trabajar con ellos sobre proyectos e investigaciones que ellos mismos propongan, diseñen, estructuren y en ocasiones puedan publicar, complementando las actividades anteriormente propias del aula.
Objetivo
Construcción del aprendizaje situado mediante la MiniQuest como una estrategia metodológica, como lo es el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP).
Población objeto:
Grupo de 40 alumnos de primer año de la carrera de médico cirujano, del ciclo escolar 2017-2018 de la Facultad de medicina de la UNAM.
Aporte principal del trabajo:
Los alumnos con este tipo de estrategias metodológicas miniquest, podrán desarrollar algunas de las competencias del Plan de estudios 2010 como son pensamiento crítico, desarrollar razonamiento médico, toma de decisiones y fomentar las habilidades para la investigación. Además proporcionar los elementos necesarios para que desarrollen el profesionalismo médico, en su vida futura.
Introduction
Information technologies have been helping us for about three decades to do faster, creative and most surprisingly collaborative work since we can be in different places at the same time and maintain communication. In this current era the internet is useful and shortens distances. This is a stimulus to integrate teaching-learning and make improvements in the classroom leaving aside the traditional teaching. Through the Internet, we can design and plan various courses and work with them on projects and research that they themselves propose, design, structure and sometimes can publish, complementing the activities previously typical of the classroom.
Objective
Construction of situated learning through MiniQuest as a methodological strategy, as is problem-based learning (PBL).
Target population:
Group of 40 first year students of the career of medical surgeon, of the 2017-2018 school cycle of the Faculty of Medicine of the UNAM.
Main contribution of the work:
Students with this type of miniquest methodological strategies, will be able to develop some of the competencies of the 2010 Curriculum such as critical thinking, develop medical reasoning, decision making and promote research skills. In addition to providing the necessary elements to develop medical professionalism in their future life.
Potencial tecnológico de las micro y pequeñas empresas latinoamericanas a partir del análisis sistémico: Caso Ocaña, Norte de Santander
Authors: Quintana Arévalo Sandra Olimpia , Castañeda Vergel Gladys , Casadiegos Gaona Audrey , Jaime Páez Jaquelin 
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo de investigación se centra en describir el grado de penetración de la tecnología en las micro y pequeñas empresas de Ocaña además de valorar en qué medida el uso de la tecnología está permitiendo o inhibiendo el buen funcionamiento de ellas. Así mismo esboza los resultados del estudio enfocado en el potencial tecnológico, para lo cual se tomó una muestra de 386 micro y pequeñas empresas en funcionamiento, pertenecientes a distintos sectores productivos, seleccionadas de forma aleatoria. El proyecto de investigación se fundamentó en el análisis sistémico a partir de las variables insumos del sistema, procesos del sistema y resultados del sistema, cuya deducciones se compararon con los arrojadas por la variable tecnología. Una vez realizado el análisis se evidencia que, en la correlación del uso de la tecnología con los componentes del análisis sistémico, la relación más fuerte se da con la variable de Innovación. También se resalta que el 29.4% de los directores usan algún programa especializado para gestionar su empresa, índices por debajo de la media nacional, pudiendo ser esta un área de oportunidad para el municipio.
Abstract
This research article focuses on describing the degree of penetration of technology in the micro and small companies of Ocaña, in addition to assessing the extent to which the use of technology is allowing or inhibiting the proper functioning of them. Likewise, it outlines the results of the study focused on the technological potential, for which a sample of 386 micro and small operating companies, belonging to different productive sectors, selected at random, was taken. The research project was based on the systemic analysis based on the system's input variables, system processes and system results, whose deductions were compared with those thrown by the technology variable. Once the analysis is done, it is evident that in the correlationof the use of technology with the components of the systemic analysis, the strongest relationship occurs with the variable of Innovation. It is also highlighted that 29.4% of directors use a specialized program to manage their company, indexes below the national average, this being an area of opportunity for the municipality.
Mezcla de mercadotecnia en las micro y pequeñas empresas: Factor determinante en las ventas
Authors: Vega López María Beatriz , Burgos María de los Ángeles , Hernández Encinas Laura Elena , García Nevares Ana María 
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar el comportamiento de algunas variables de la Mezcla de Mercadotecnia, que son utilizadas por los directivos de las micro y pequeñas empresas, (MyPES) en el Municipio de Cajeme y el impacto que ejercen estas en las ventas de productos y servicios, así mismo se utilizó un cuestionario de 47 reactivos, de los cuales se tomaron las variables de mezcla de marketing y ventas. El método que se utilizo fue el método cuantitativo con un alcance descriptivo, ya que el estudio tiene como finalidad conocer si algunas de las variables de la mezcla de mercadotecnia, son determinantes en las ventas, teniendo como resultado que la variable mezcla de mercadotecnia tiene una buena correlación con la variable ventas, con una puntuación de 0.789 y 0.779, en la pruebas de Pearson y Spearman respectivamente, en la presente investigación se concluye que la prueba más adecuada es Spearman ya que las variables tienen relaciones monótonas; es decir, no cambian al mismo ritmo; pero si al mismo tiempo. Lo anterior reafirma que el comportamiento de las variables de la mezcla de mercadotecnia tiene una buena correlación con las ventas.
Abstract
The objective of this research is to identify the behavior of some Marketing Mix variables, which are used by the managers of micro and small companies (MyPES) in the Municipality of Cajeme and the impact they have on sales of products and services. Likewise, a 47-item questionnaire was used, from which the marketing and sales mix variables were taken. The method that was used was the quantitative method with a descriptive scope, since the study has as purpose to know if some of the variables of the marketing mix are determining in the sales, having as a result that the mixed variable of marketing has a good correlation with the sales variable, with a score of 0.789 and 0.779, in the Pearson and Spearman tests, respectively, in the present investigation it is concluded that the most adequate test is that of Spearman since the variables have monotonous relationships; That is, they do not change at the same pace; but at the same time. The above reaffirms that the behavior of the variables of the marketing mix has a good correlation with sales.
creación de valor intangibles en las mypes de Tehuacán, a través de la ética y la reputación corporativa
Authors: Mascarúa  Alcázar Miguel Antonio , Rodríguez Suárez Cristina , Hernández Juan Carlos , Vázquez Rafael  Casto 
Published: September 2021

El crecimiento de las microempresas (Mypes) en Tehuacán, es una preocupación actual dada la importante aportación a la producción del Estado de Puebla y el empleo. Tal crecimiento se puede medir a través de la Reputación Corporativa, pero para tal efecto se requiere de buenas prácticas que son el ejercicio de la ética. Partiendo del modelo tradicional de la justicia social y la ética, el presente trabajo busca relacionar éste, con los aportes sobre reputación corporativa. El estudio demuestra que un empresario que no responde a las preguntas sobre su negocio exhibe una falta de ética.
Abstract
The growth of microenterprises (Mypes) in Tehuacán, is a current concern given the important contribution to the production of the State of Puebla and employment. Such growth can be measured through Corporate Reputation, but for this purpose good practices are required that are the exercise of ethics. Starting from the traditional model of social justice and ethics, the present work seeks to relate this, with the contributions on corporate reputation. The study shows that an entrepreneur who does not answer questions about his business exhibits a lack of ethics.