bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflektionen zur unvollständigen Dokumentation von Missbrauch
und Vernachlässigung in der Kindheit bei stationären
psychiatrischen Behandlungen von Erwachsenen
Authors: Neumann Eva , Juckel Georg , Haußleiter Ida Sibylle 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungEs ist gut belegt, dass Kindesmisshandlung mit der Entstehung und
Aufrechterhaltung von psychischen Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter
zusammenhängt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, darüber
zu reflektieren, ob diese negativen Erfahrungen in der psychiatrischen Praxis
angemessen berücksichtigt werden. Die medizinischen Akten von 3680
stationär behandelten erwachsenen Patienten einer psychiatrischen Klinik
wurden analysiert in Bezug auf Einträge, die sich auf Erfahrungen von
Missbrauch und Vernachlässigung in der Kindheit beziehen. Patienten mit
der Diagnose einer Störung durch psychotrope Substanzen, einer
schizophrenen oder einer affektiven Störung wurden in dieser Arbeit
betrachtet. Einträge, die sich auf traumatische Erfahrungen beziehen,
wurden nach der Unterteilung in emotionalen, körperlichen und sexuellen
Missbrauch sowie emotionale und körperliche Vernachlässigung
klassifiziert. Nur in 6% der Fälle fanden sich Hinweise auf
traumatische Erfahrungen in der Kindheit in den Akten. Die drei Arten von
Missbrauch wurden am häufigsten dokumentiert, während sich nur
wenige Einträge zu emotionaler und körperlicher
Vernachlässigung fanden. Frühere Arbeiten legen allerdings nahe,
dass die Häufigkeit von Missbrauch und Vernachlässigung in der
Kindheit bei psychiatrischen Patienten deutlich höher ist als die
Häufigkeit, die hier anhand der Akteneiträge ermittelt wurde.
Diese negativen Kindheitserfahrungen wurden in den psychiatrischen Behandlungen
offenbar wenig beachtet. Wegen ihrer Relevanz für das
Verständnis psychischer Störungen empfehlen wir, sie in
strukturierter Weise zu erfassen, entweder mit standardisierten
Fragebögen oder mit Screening-Fragen in der Eingangsuntersuchung.
Sekundäre Nutzung von hausärztlichen Routinedaten ist
machbar – Bericht vom RADAR Projekt
Authors: Hauswaldt Johannes , Bahls Thomas , Blumentritt Arne , Demmer Iris , Drepper Johannes , Groh Roland , Heinemann Stephanie , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Kempter Valérie , Pung Johannes , Rienhoff Otto , Schlegelmilch Falk , Wieder Philipp , Yahyapour Ramin , Hummers Eva 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie „Real world“-Daten aus der ambulanten
Gesundheitsversorgung sind in Deutschland nur schwer systematisch und
longitudinal zu erlangen. Unsere Vision ist eine permanente Datenablage mit
repräsentativen, de-identifizierten Patienten- und Versorgungsdaten,
längsschnittlich, fortwährend aktualisiert und von verschiedenen
Versorgern, mit der Möglichkeit zur Verknüpfung mit weiteren
Daten, etwa aus Patientenbefragungen oder biologischer Forschung,
zugänglich für andere Forscher. Wir berichten methodische
Vorgehensweisen und Ergebnisse aus dem RADAR Projekt.Methodik Untersuchung des
Rechtsrahmens, Entwicklung prototypischer technischer Abläufe und
Lösungen, mit Machbarkeitsstudie zur Evaluation von technischer und
inhaltlicher Funktionalität sowie Eignung für Fragestellungen
der Versorgungsforschung.Ergebnisse Ab 2016 entwickelte ein
interdisziplinäres Wissenschaftlerteam ein Datenschutzkonzept
für Exporte von Versorgungsdaten aus elektronischen
Praxisverwaltungssystemen. Eine technische und organisatorische
Forschungsinfrastruktur im ambulanten Sektor wurden entwickelt und im
Anwendungsfall „Orale Antikoagulation“ (OAK) umgesetzt. In 7
niedersächsischen Hausarztpraxen wurden 100 Patienten gewonnen und nach
informierter Einwilligung ihre ausgewählten Behandlungsdaten, reduziert
auf 40 relevante Datenfelder, über die
Behandlungsdatentransfer-Schnittstelle extrahiert, unmittelbar vor Ort in
identifizierende bzw. medizinische Daten getrennt und verschlüsselt zur
Treuhandstelle (THS) bzw. an den Datenhalter übertragen. 75 Patienten,
die die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten (mind. 1 Jahr Behandlung mit OAK),
erhielten einen Lebensqualitäts-Fragebogen über die THS per
Post. Von 66 Rücksendungen wurden 63 Fragebogenergebnisse mit den
Behandlungsdaten in der Datenablage verknüpft.Schlussfolgerung Die
rechtskonforme Machbarkeit der Gewinnung von pseudonymisierten
hausärztlichen Routinedaten mit expliziter informierter
Patienteneinwilligung und deren wissenschaftliche Nutzung einschließlich
Re-Kontaktierung und Einbindung von Fragebogendaten konnte nachgewiesen werden.
Die Schutzkonzepte Privacy by design und Datenminimierung (Artikel 25 mit
Erwägungsgrund 78 DSGVO) wurden systematisch in das RADAR Projekt
integriert und begründen wesentlich, dass der Machbarkeitsnachweis
rechtskonformer Primärdatengewinnung und sekundärer Nutzung
für Forschungszwecke gelang. Eine Nutzung hinreichend anonymisierter,
aber noch sinnvoller hausärztlicher Gesundheitsdaten ohne individuelle
Einwilligung ist im bestehenden Rechtsrahmen in Deutschland schwerlich
umsetzbar.
The Contributions of Model Studies for Fundamental Understanding of Polymer Mechanochemistry
Authors: O’Neill Robert T. , Boulatov Roman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe exciting field of polymer mechanochemistry has made great empirical progress in discovering reactions in which a stretching force accelerates scission of strained bonds using single molecule force spectroscopy and ultrasonication experiments. Understanding why these reactions happen, i.e., the fundamental physical processes that govern coupling of macroscopic motion to chemical reactions, as well as discovering other patterns of mechanochemical reactivity require complementary techniques, which permit a much more detailed characterization of reaction mechanisms and the distribution of force in reacting molecules than are achievable in SMFS or ultrasonication. A molecular force probe allows the specific pattern of molecular strain that is responsible for localized reactions in stretched polymers to be reproduced accurately in non-polymeric substrates using molecular design rather than atomistically intractable collective motions of millions of atoms comprising macroscopic motion. In this review, we highlight the necessary features of a useful molecular force probe and describe their realization in stiff stilbene macrocycles. We describe how studying these macrocycles using classical tools of physical organic chemistry has allowed detailed characterizations of mechanochemical reactivity, explain some of the most unexpected insights enabled by these probes, and speculate how they may guide the next stage of mechanochemistry.
Evidence-Based Guidelines for Acute Stabilization and Management of Neonates with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Ball Molly K. , Seabrook Ruth B. , Bonachea Elizabeth M. , Chen Bernadette , Fathi Omid , Nankervis Craig A. , Osman Ahmed , Schlegel Amy B. , Magers Jacqueline , Kulpa Taylor , Sharpin Paula , Snyder Mary Lindsay , Gajarski Robert J. , Nandi Deipanjan , Backes Carl H. 
Published: December 2021

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, or PPHN, represents a challenging condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Management is complicated by complex pathophysiology and limited neonatal specific evidence-based literature, leading to a lack of universal contemporary clinical guidelines for the care of these patients. To address this need and to provide consistent high-quality clinical care for this challenging population in our neonatal intensive care unit, we sought to develop a comprehensive clinical guideline for the acute stabilization and management of neonates with PPHN. Utilizing cross-disciplinary expertise and incorporating an extensive literature search to guide best practice, we present an approachable, pragmatic, and clinically relevant guide for the bedside management of acute PPHN.
Key Points
Dentistry and Intensive Care Unit: A Brief Report
Authors: Bannwart Lisiane Cristina , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Moreno André Luiz de Melo , Pesqueira Aldiéris Alves , Goiato Marcelo Coelho , de Magalhães Bertoz André Pinheiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to verify whether removable dentures of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) are niches of microorganisms that can cause pathologies (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp., and enterobacteria).
Materials and Methods Fifteen patients who were denture wearers (removable partial denture and complete denture) were included in this study. Patients must wear their dentures daily, and these dentures must have acrylic parts. Microbial biofilm was collected from the acrylic part of one denture of each patient. Then, the biofilm was seeded on different culture media: Sabouraud agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar, and mannitol salt agar. In this study, biochemical evaluations of microorganisms were performed.
Statistical analysis The percentage of dentures with the microorganism identified by each culture medium was calculated.
Results In total, 100% of the dentures were positive for Staphylococcus spp. (blood agar) and Candida spp. (Sabouraud agar); 33.3% of the dentures were positive for S. aureus (Mannitol salt agar); and 13.3% of the dentures were positive for Shigella spp. (MacConkey agar).
Conclusion Removable dentures of patients (removable partial dentures and complete dentures) admitted to an ICU are niches of microorganisms that can cause pathologies.
Nerve-Sparing Robotic Radical Hysterectomy for the Beginner in Robotic Surgery
Authors: Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRobotic surgery is considered to be the optimal means of performing nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (RH) because this procedure requires very precise surgery. Nerve-sparing RH has become increasingly popular in Japan. However, with open surgery the operating field is only visible to the surgeon performing this delicate procedure, which makes it difficult to educate trainee assistants. However, robotic surgery provides an expanded operation field that is visible to the surgeon and assistants, which makes it suitable for teaching purposes. To perform this procedure, it is necessary to become proficient in RH by laparotomy and then to become familiar with the characteristics of robotic surgery. In shifting from laparotomy to robotic surgery, we have found that experience with open surgery does not fully prepare surgeons for the new experiences and discoveries associated with robotic surgery, which may initially be problematic. We here provide clear instructions for the procedure with notes concerning particular potentially problematic aspects.
Association between Gastric Cancer with Behavioral and Dietary Factors: A Hospital Based Case-Control Study in South Asia
Authors: Shahi Arun , Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Rathaur Ela Singh , Biddut Md. Assaduzaman , Hossain Anwor , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Alam Jahangir , Hossain Tanzina , Khatun Nazrina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is the fourth leading cancer in Bangladesh. Identification of risk factors, effective prevention, and early diagnosis are the most important interventions against GC.
Objectives To find an association of dietary and behavioral factors in the development of GC among the Bangladeshi population.
Methods This case–control study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 178 patients were studied (89 case and 89 controls). Data were collected via face-to-face interview using a standard structured questionnaire, posing questions about socio-demographic, behavioral and dietary habits, and clinical factors. A binary logistic regression method was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR).
Results Among 178 patients, the age group ranged from 30 to 80 years and most patients were between 51 to 60 years. The results showed that regular consumption of red meat, duration of smoking, smokeless tobacco, fast food and fatty food, and family history of any type of cancer were directly associated with the risk of GC. On the contrary, a habit of regular walking and playing sports has an inverse association with GC. Adjusted OR shows regular consumption of red meat has 2.6 times more risk (OR = 2.661) of developing GC compared with irregular meat consumption, and a person with a history of Helicobacter pylori infection is 53% (OR = 7.263; 95% confidence interval: 3.614–14.597) more likely to develop cancer. In contrast, people who were doing exercise regularly for at least 30 minutes/day are 62.7% (OR = 0.373) less likely to develop GC than those who did not.
Conclusion The study showed an association of some dietary and behavioral factor in the development of GC. However, more research in this field is required to understand the etiology, for the development of suitable screening test, for demarcation of high-risk population, and to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of primary prevention programs.
The Effect of “Off Hours” on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in a Diverse U.S. Cohort
Authors: Arslan Erol , Einerson Brett D. , Zhang Jingwen , Zhang Jun , Branch D. Ware 
Published: December 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the “off-hour effect” on maternal and neonatal adverse events in a large cohort representing U.S. population.
Study Design A secondary analysis of the Consortium on Safe Labor (CSL) dataset with 208,695 women and 229,385 deliveries was performed. The study included the deliveries of ≥23 gestational weeks from 19 hospitals in the United States from 2002 to 2008. Babies with congenital anomalies were excluded from neonatal outcomes. We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes of patients delivered during weekdays versus off hours (nights and weekends). The primary outcomes of the study were composite maternal and composite neonatal adverse events. The secondary outcomes were delivery type and individual maternal and neonatal adverse events including maternal death and perinatal mortality rate. Associations between off hours and all the outcomes were analyzed in bivariable and multivariable analyses. The same analyses were performed in strata by indication for admission (spontaneous labor or induction of labor).
Results Composite maternal adverse events (6.19 vs. 6.06%, p = 0.41) and maternal death (0.01 vs. 0.01%, p = 0.19) were not significantly different between off hours and weekday groups. In contrast, composite neonatal adverse events (6.91 vs. 5.84%, p < 0.001) and perinatal mortality rate (1.03 vs. 0.77%, p < 0.001) were higher in the off-hour group. After adjusting for confounding variables, only the composite neonatal outcome continued to be associated with off hours (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.16). Stratified analyses showed that the off-hour effect for the neonatal composite outcome was not present in those presenting in spontaneous labor (6.1 vs. 5.9%, p = 0.40).
Conclusion Off-hour delivery was not associated with severe maternal morbidity and was only modestly associated with severe neonatal morbidity. This association was observed in women undergoing induction, not in those presenting in spontaneous labor. These data draw into question the existence of a clinically meaningful and correctable “off-hour effect” in obstetrics.
Key Points
Diamond anvil cell with double coaxial chambers
Authors: Jiang Dawei , Gao Yang , Cao Min , Jia Caihong , Zhao Xingxing , Han Yonghao , Gao Chunxiao 
Published: December 2021

In general, pressure calibration in diamond anvil cells (DACs) has been achieved by mixing pressure calibration materials (PCMs) with the sample inside the pressure chamber. However, the chemical reactions between the sample and PCMs are sometimes unavoidable at extreme conditions, such as high pressure and high temperature. These undesired reactions will cause pollution, induce changes in physical properties or phase transformations of PCMs, and result in tremendous error of pressure calibration. In this paper, we report a new design of DAC with double coaxial pressure chambers, sample and PCM chambers, to resolve the challenge by isolating the PCM from the sample. Our test results show that the pressure of the two chambers presents interesting relations with the anvil setup. When the geometric parameters of two anvil sets are the same and the difference of chamber diameters is within a certain range (i.e., below 10 µm), the pressure correlation between the two chambers shows little correlation with the pressure transmitting medium before and after its solidification at both room temperature and high temperatures within the experimental condition range (well below 20 GPa and 634 K). In this case, the pressure of the sample chamber can be well calibrated by the pressure of the PCM chamber. This new DAC setup is thus proved to be effective in calibrating the sample pressure below certain conditions while avoiding undesired sample pollution and pressure induced property changes in PCMs under high pressure and high temperature conditions compared with single-chamber DACs.
Kinetics of stepwise nitrogen adsorption by size-selected iron cluster cations: Evidence for size-dependent nitrogen phobia
Authors: Straßner Annika , Klein Matthias P. , Fries Daniela V. , Wiehn Christopher , Huber Maximilian E. , Mohrbach Jennifer , Dillinger Sebastian , Spelsberg Dirk , Armentrout P. B. , Niedner-Schatteburg Gereon 
Published: December 2021

We present a study of stepwise cryogenic N2 adsorption on size-selected Fen+ (n = 8–20) clusters within a hexapole collision cell held at T = 21–28 K. The stoichiometries of the observed adsorption limits and the kinetic fits of stepwise N2 uptake reveal cluster size-dependent variations that characterize four structural regions. Exploratory density functional theory studies support tentative structural assignment in terms of icosahedral, hexagonal antiprismatic, and closely packed structural motifs. There are three particularly noteworthy cases, Fe13+ with a peculiar metastable adsorption limit, Fe17+ with unprecedented nitrogen phobia (inefficient N2 adsorption), and Fe18+ with an isomeric mixture that undergoes relaxation upon considerable N2 uptake.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of animal contests arise from effective forces between contestants
Authors: Haluts Amir , Reyes Sylvia F. Garza , Gorbonos Dan , Etheredge Robert Ian , Jordan Alex , Gov Nir S. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
To obtain and defend resources, animals often participate in contests that involve complex trade-offs between risk and reward. Although it stands to reason to invoke cognitive decision-making schemes to analyze and model these contests, such cognitive schemes are hard to verify in behavioral experiments, and they do not address a directly observable aspect of contests–the motion of contestants in space. We study the dynamics of contests in an orb-weaving spider, where males compete for mating opportunities in the bounded arena of the female’s web. We show that physical rules of interaction, which amount to attraction and repulsion between the contestants and govern their motion, can account for the real-time dynamics of animal contests.
Absorption efficiency analysis and optical resonator simulation of Ho:YLF laser pumped with Tm:fiber laser
Authors: Babaiy Tooski Majid , Maleki Abbas , Eslami Majd Abdolah , Ebadian Hassan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a Tm:fiber laser pumped Ho:YLF laser is simulated. The absorption efficiency, optimum crystal length, and optical resonator are analytically studied and simulated using LASCAD software, and the atomic-level degeneracies are considered in evaluating the absorption efficiency. In this way, the absorption efficiencies of 65% and 87% are obtained for single-pass 30 mm Ho:YLF crystal with doping concentration 0.5% and 1% respectively. These calculated efficiencies are verified by our experimental measurements and they coincide with acceptable errors. To estimate a proper length for the Ho:YLF crystal with specified doping concentration, the up-conversion, and the reabsorption effects are considered. As a result, we find the 30 mm length crystal is suited for reducing the absorption threshold and prohibiting reabsorption while saturation is controlled. The threshold power and slope efficiency for 65 W pumped powers are calculated by LASCAD software, and the thermal lens focal length of −665 mm is obtained. For a nearly constant beam width inside the cavity and suitable beam overlap efficiency, a concave-concave configuration is chosen for the optical resonator. In the continuous-wave operation, the output power is funded to be 38.4 W and the slope efficiency would be 66%.
Systematic Errors Induced by the Elliptical Power-law model in Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lens Modeling
Authors: Cao Xiaoyue , Li Ran , Nightingale J. W. , Massey Richard , Robertson Andrew , Frenk Carlos S. , Amvrosiadis Aristeidis , Amorisco Nicola C. , He Qiuhan , Etherington Amy , Cole Shaun , Zhu Kai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The elliptical power-law model of the mass in a galaxy is widely used in strong gravitational lensing analyses. However, the distribution of mass in real galaxies is more complex. We quantify the biases due to this model mismatch by simulating and then analyzing mock Hubble Space Telescope imaging of lenses with mass distributions inferred from SDSS-MaNGA stellar dynamics data. We find accurate recovery of source galaxy morphology, except for a slight tendency to infer sources to be more compact than their true size. The Einstein radius of the lens is also robustly recovered with 0.1% accuracy, as is the global density slope, with 2.5% relative systematic error, compared to the 3.4% intrinsic dispersion. However, asymmetry in real lenses also leads to a spurious fitted “external shear” with typical strength γ
ext = 0.015. Furthermore, time delays inferred from lens modeling without measurements of stellar dynamics are typically underestimated by ∼5%. Using such measurements from a sub-sample of 37 lenses would bias measurements of the Hubble constant H
0 by ∼9%. Although this work is based on a particular set of MaNGA galaxies, and the specific value of the detected biases may change for another set of strong lenses, our results strongly suggest the next generation cosmography needs to use more complex lens mass models.
Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation and Statistics in the Spectral Observations of FAST
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Peng , Xu Jin-Long , Wang Jie , Jing Yingjie , Liu Ziming , Zhu Ming , Jiang Peng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In radio astronomy, radio frequency interference (RFI) becomes more and more serious for radio observational facilities. The RFI always influences the search and study of the interesting astronomical objects. Mitigating the RFI becomes an essential procedure in any survey data processing. The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is an extremely sensitive radio telescope. It is necessary to find out an effective and precise RFI mitigation method for FAST data processing. In this work, we introduce a method to mitigate the RFI in FAST spectral observation and make a statistic for the RFI using ∼300 h FAST data. The details are as follows. First, according to the characteristics of FAST spectra, we propose to use the Asymmetrically Reweighted Penalized Least Squares algorithm for baseline fitting. Our test results show that it has a good performance. Second, we flag the RFI with four strategies, which are to flag extremely strong RFI, flag long-lasting RFI, flag polarized RFI, and flag beam-combined RFI, respectively. The test results show that all the RFI above a preset threshold could be flagged. Third, we make a statistic for the probabilities of polarized XX and YY RFI in FAST observations. The statistical results could tell us which frequencies are relatively quiescent. With such statistical data, we are able to avoid using such frequencies in our spectral observations. Finally, based on the ∼300 h FAST data, we obtained an RFI table, which is the most complete database currently for FAST.