bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian analysis of cytokines and chemokine identifies immune pathways of HBsAg loss during chronic hepatitis B treatment
Authors: Narayanan Sriram , Au Veonice Bijin , Khakpoor Atefeh , Yan Cheng , Ahl Patricia J. , Kaliaperumal Nivashini , Lee Bernett , Xiang Wen Wei , Wang Juling , Lee Chris , Tay Amy , Lim Seng Gee , Connolly John E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur objective was to examine differences in cytokine/chemokine response in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients to understand the immune mechanism of HBsAg loss (functional cure) during antiviral therapy. We used an unbiased machine learning strategy to unravel the immune pathways in CHB nucleo(t)side analogue-treated patients who achieved HBsAg loss with peg-interferon-α(peg-IFN-α) add-on or switch treatment in a randomised clinical trial. Cytokines/chemokines from plasma were compared between those with/without HBsAg loss, at baseline, before and after HBsAg loss. Peg-IFN-α treatment resulted in higher levels of IL-27, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-13, IL-4, IL-22 and GM-CSF prior to HBsAg loss. Probabilistic network analysis of cytokines, chemokines and soluble factors suggested a dynamic dendritic cell driven NK and T cell immune response associated with HBsAg loss. Bayesian network analysis showed a dominant myeloid-driven type 1 inflammatory response with a MIG and I-TAC central module contributing to HBsAg loss in the add-on arm. In the switch arm, HBsAg loss was associated with a T cell activation module exemplified by high levels of CD40L suggesting T cell activation. Our findings show that more than one immune pathway to HBsAg loss was found with peg-IFN-α therapy; by myeloid-driven Type 1 response in one instance, and T cell activation in the other.
Mixed convection stagnation point flow of the blood based hybrid nanofluid around a rotating sphere
Authors: Gul Taza , Ali Basit , Alghamdi Wajdi , Nasir Saleem , Saeed Anwar , Kumam Poom , Mukhtar Safyan , Kumam Wiyada , Jawad Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this new world of fluid technologies, hybrid nanofluid has become a productive subject of research among scientists for its potential thermal features and abilities, which provides an excellent result as compared to nanofluids in growing the rate of heat transport. Our purpose here is to introduce the substantial influences of magnetic field on 2D, time-dependent and stagnation point inviscid flow of couple stress hybrid nanofluid around a rotating sphere with base fluid is pure blood, $${\text{TiO}}_{2} \,\,{\text{and}}\,\,{\text{Ag}}$$

TiO
2

and

Ag

as the nanoparticles. To translate the governing system of partial differential equations and the boundary conditions relevant for computation, some suitable transformations are implemented. To obtain the analytical estimations for the corresponding system of differential expression, the innovative Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method is used. The characteristics of hybrid nanofluid flow patterns, including temperature, velocity and concentration profiles are simulated and analyzed in detail due to the variation in the evolving variables. Detailed research is also performed to investigate the influences of relevant constraints on the rates, momentum and heat transport for both $${\text{TiO}}_{2} + {\text{Ag}} + Blood$$

TiO
2

+
Ag
+
B
l
o
o
d

and $${\text{TiO}}_{2} + Blood$$

TiO
2

+
B
l
o
o
d

. One of the many outcomes of this analysis, it is observed that increasing the magnetic factor will decelerate the hybrid nanofluid flow velocity and improve the temperature profile. It may also be demonstrated that by increasing the Brownian motion factor, significant improvement can be made in the concentration field of hybrid nanofluid. The increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction from 0.01 to 0.02 in the case of the hybrid nanofluid enhances the thermal conductivity from 5.8 to 11.947% and for the same value of the nanoparticle volume fraction in the case of nanofluid enhance the thermal conductivity from 2.576 to 5.197%.
Different hybrid machine intelligence techniques for handling IoT‐based imbalanced data
Authors: Mohindru Gaurav , Mondal Koushik , Banka Haider 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the era of automatic task processing or designing complex algorithms, to analyse data, it is always pertinent to find real‐life solutions using cutting‐edge tools and techniques to generate insights into the data. The data‐driven machine learning models are now offering more or less worthy results when they are certainly balanced in the input data sets. Imbalanced data occurs when an unequal distribution of classes occurs in the input datasets. Building a predictive model on the imbalanced data set would cause a model that appears to yield high accuracy but does not generalize well to the new data in the minority class. Now the time has come to look into the datasets which are not so‐called ‘balanced’ in nature but such datasets are generally encountered frequently in a workspace. To prevent creating models with false levels of accuracy, the imbalanced data should be rearranged before creating a predictive model. Those data are, sometimes, voluminous, heterogeneous and complex in nature and generate from different autonomous sources with distributed and decentralized control. The driving force is to efficiently handle these data sets using latest tools and techniques for research and commercial insights. The present article provides different such tools and techniques, in different computing frameworks, to handle such Internet of Things and other related datasets to review common techniques for handling imbalanced data in data ecosystems and offers a comparative data modelling framework in Keras for balanced and imbalanced datasets.
Design of FSS‐antenna‐radome system for airborne and ground applications
Authors: Tahseen Hafiz Usman , Yang Lixia , Zhou Xiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRadome being an RF window and support structure for an antenna system is a very critical element of terrestrial and airborne radar systems. This paper presents an efficient X‐band frequency select surface (FSS)‐antenna‐radome system for airborne and ground applications. In the first step, an optimum wall configuration with lowest insertion loss is found out of A‐sandwich, C‐sandwich and multilayers wall configurations. In the second step, two 5×5 arrays (FSS screens) are designed that cover the whole antenna face in the broadside direction for a controlled and secure communication system. A slotted array on a dielectric substrate gives a bandpass feature with antenna for radome operation. A dipole array on a dielectric substrate gives a broader bandwidth with antenna somewhat different from antenna alone. It makes the antenna to stop radiating for a specific band. So, it gives bandstop feature. This proposed FSS‐antenna‐radome system is demonstrated with an X‐band high directional horn antenna over the frequency range 9.4–16 GHz under a sandwich‐wall dielectric radome. The bandpass and bandstop features make this proposed FSS‐antenna‐radome a good candidate for ground and airborne applications for secure communications. In bandpass feature, antenna becomes inaccessible to other antennas/radars except a narrow band.
Transformer inter‐turn failure detection based on leakage flux and vibration analysis
Authors: Hajiaghasi Salman , Hosseini Ahmadi Mohammad Milad , Goleij Pedram , Salemnia Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInter‐turn winding fault is one of the most critical failures of the transformers. Here, a comprehensive transformer leakage flux analysis under inter‐turn winding fault is presented, and the feasibility and sensitivity of leakage flux‐based fault detection methods are investigated. The leakage flux fault detection strategies are classified into vibration‐based methods and search coil‐based methods. Flux leakage‐based methods have been studied and compared. Moreover, the effects of various important factors, such as fault severity, fault location, load power factor, and loading rate in transformer under inter‐turn faults are studied. Furthermore, two new online methods based on leakage flux and vibration analysis are proposed. In the first method, search coils voltage analysis is used for fault detection. In the second one, the vibration of the transformer is measured using the Digital Accelerometer (ADXL) sensor and compared with the vibration of the normal conditions, and based on the amount of vibration, fault detection is performed. The simulation and experimentation results on 20/0.4 kV, 50 kVA distribution transformer demonstrated that the implementation of leakage flux‐based methods provides valuable information on the transformer behaviour, which can be used to detect transformer winding faults.
MP2020: Visual quality assessment database for macro photography images
Authors: Sang Qingbing , Cao Yujie , Liu Lixiong , Hu Cong , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the development of mobile phone camera technology, mobile phones can take a large number of macro photography images that previously could only be taken by professional cameras. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the quality of macro photography images. For this reason, a macro photography image visual quality evaluation database is established and it is named as MP2020. The database contains 100 reference images and 800 distorted images of four distortion types, including 200 distorted images of JPEG 2000, 200 distorted images of JPEG, 200 distorted images of white noise, and 200 distorted images of Gaussian blur. The DMOS values in the database were calculated from 48000 data which are provided by 60 subjects. Ten classical image quality assessment algorithms were tested on the MP2020 database. The experimental results show that the existing image quality assessment algorithms, which are widely used, are not applicable to the macro photography images. Therefore, MP2020 would contribute to the improvement of existing algorithms and the development of new algorithms. MP2020 has been uploaded to GitHub for download.
A photo‐based quality assessment model for the estimation of PM2.5 concentrations
Authors: Sun Kezheng , Tang Lijuan , Huang Shuaifeng , Qian Jiansheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRapid economic growth has caused severe environmental pollution, which has aroused great concern. This pollution affects public health and impairs visibility, therefore, it should be given greater consideration. In this paper, a photo‐based PM2.5 concentration predictor is proposed based on the natural scene statistics without artificial assistance or extra information. Given that the quality of PM2.5 concentration images is determined by many factors, three types of influencing factors are analysed: the colourfulness, the structural degradation and the contrast. The first feature consists of the hue, saturation and colour descriptors, which measure the colourfulness of the PM2.5 concentration images. The second feature is determined based on the contrast can effectively portray the quality of PM2.5 concentration in the images. The third feature is extracted based on the natural scene statistics model, which measures the local and global structural degradation information and the naturalness of the PM2.5 concentration images. Finally, the three features are used to train a random forest model that can be used to predict the concentration of PM2.5. Experimental results illustrate that the performance of the proposed model is better than those of popular competitors on AQID.
Ecological cooperative adaptive cruise control of over‐actuated electric vehicles with in‐wheel motor in traffic flow
Authors: Xia Dong , Li Boyuan , Zhang Jie , Zhang Bangji , Zhang Nong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince electric vehicle with in‐wheel motor has advantages in aspects of vehicle dynamics control and energy‐efficient control, it has been widely applied in the vehicle platoon in the highway. This paper proposes an optimization and control structure that integrates ecological cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) for the vehicle platoon, and path tracking and ecological control allocation (Eco‐CA) for individual vehicle to improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicles in traffic flow. First, in the upper layer, the suitable driving mode is selected by finite‐state machine (FSM) based on surrounding environment. Then the path‐planner and ecological CACC in the higher layer are proposed to determine the desired path and desired speed and acceleration profile. After that, in the middle layer, longitudinal motion controller and yaw stability controller are integrated to achieve the desired control targets from upper layer. Finally, in the lower layer, each in‐wheel motor torque is optimized by Eco‐CA subsystem to reduce the energy consumption of driving motor and tyre friction loss. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can improve the energy efficiency and dynamics control performance.
Real‐time coordination of connected vehicles at intersections using graphical mixed integer optimization
Authors: Ge Qiang , Sun Qi , Wang Zhen , Li Shengbo Eben , Gu Ziqing , Zheng Sifa , Liao Lyuchao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractManagement of connected vehicles at unsignalised intersections is a large‐scale complex problem with safety constraints and time‐varying unsolved variables, which is crucial but hard to solve online. A faster coordination system, however, not only benefits from smaller time granularity to find optimum, but also has more robustness towards a scenario with fast‐moving vehicle nodes. This paper proposes a real‐time coordination scheme consisting of three stages. (a) Target velocity optimisation: collision‐free passage is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem, each approaching lane corresponding to an independent variable; (b) vehicle subgraph extraction: a directed graph is built and pruned based on the optimisation result, determining a subgraph wherein vehicle nodes pass without redundant time slot; (c) velocity profile synchronisation: velocity profile of the selected vehicles is planned synchronously, respecting inter‐subgraph constraints. The main contribution of this study is to propose a fast hierarchical optimization‐based coordination method, of which the complexity is invariant with the traffic density. Simulation has verified the effectiveness of the scheme from both microscopic behaviour and statistical characteristics, reducing single‐step computation time to 0.02 s, and saving average driving delay by 59.83% compared to the benchmark method.
Excitation of guided waves of grounded dielectric slab by a THz plane wave scattered from finite number of embedded graphene strips: Singular integral equation analysis
Authors: Kaliberda Mstislav E. , Lytvynenko Leonid M. , Pogarsky Sergey A. , Sauleau Ronan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe scattering and absorption of the H‐polarised wave by a finite number of graphene strips embedded into a grounded dielectric slab is considered in the terahertz frequency range. The rigorous and efficient method of singular integral equations is used here. The discretisation is based on the convergent meshless Nystrom‐type algorithm. Graphene is modelled as a zero thickness layer with a complex conductivity obtained from the Kubo formalism. Dependences of the total scattering cross section, including the part that is associated with dielectric slab guided waves, and absorption cross section as well as near field patterns are studied. The behaviour of the scattering and absorption characteristics is explained in terms of resonances on the natural modes supported by the studied structure. Special attention is paid to the excitation of the dielectric waveguide eigenwaves near the grating‐mode resonances.
Pure dipole radiation via exact solution of Maxwell's equations with spherical source electric current density
Authors: Garren David Alan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMagnetic loop antennas are valuable for low frequency radar and communications applications, especially for frequencies below 1 MHz. The present paper examines a possible new type of magnetic antenna which is based on a spherical distribution of source electric current. Specifically, this analysis examines a spherically shaped azimuthal electric current density with a magnitude that is proportional to the sine of the spherical elevation angle. A theoretic analytic investigation of the resultant electromagnetic (EM) fields yields an exact closed‐form solution of Maxwell's equations which is expressed in terms of a small number of elemental functions. This emanated radiation has a purely dipole structure, with the absence of any higher order multipole contributions. This pure dipole property might offer new applications in radar and communications, provided that suitable physical antenna systems can be fabricated based on the subject theoretical concepts.
[CII] emission properties of the massive star-forming region RCW 36 in a filamentary molecular cloud
Authors: Suzuki T. , Oyabu S. , Ghosh S. K. , Ojha D. K. , Kaneda H. , Maeda H. , Nakagawa T. , Ninan J. P. , Vig S. , Hanaoka M. , Saito F. , Fujiwara S. , Kanayama T. 
Published: April 2021

Aims. We investigate the properties of [C II] 158 μm emission of RCW 36 in a dense filamentary cloud.
Methods. [C II] observations of RCW 36, covering an area of ~30′ × 30′, were carried out with a Fabry-Pérot spectrometer on board a 100-cm balloon-borne far-infrared (IR) telescope with an angular resolution of 90′′. Using AKARI and Herschel images, we compared the spatial distribution of the [C II] intensity with the emission from the large grains and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH).
Results. The [C II] emission is in good spatial agreement with shell-like structures of a bipolar lobe observed in IR images, which extend along the direction perpendicular to the direction of cold dense filament. We found that the [C II]–160 μm relation for RCW 36 shows a higher brightness ratio of [C II]/160 μm than that for RCW 38, while the [C II]–9 μm relation for RCW 36 is in good agreement with that for RCW 38.
Conclusions. Via a spectral decomposition analysis on a pixel-by-pixel basis using IR images, the [C II] emission is spatially well correlated with PAH and cold dust emissions. This means that the observed [C II] emission predominantly comes from photo-dissociation regions. Moreover, the L[C II]∕LFIR ratio shows large variation (10−2–10−3), as compared with the L[C II]/LPAH ratio. In view of the observed tight correlation between L[C II]∕LFIR and the optical depth at λ = 160 μm, the large variation in L[C II]∕LFIR can be simply explained by the geometrical effect, that is, LFIR has contributions from the entire dust-cloud column along the line of sight, while L[C II] has contributions from far-UV illuminated cloud surfaces. Based on the picture of the geometry effect, the enhanced brightness ratio of [C II]/160 μm is attributed to the difference in gas structures where massive stars are formed: filamentary (RCW 36) and clumpy (RCW 38) molecular clouds; thus suggesting that RCW 36 is dominated by far-UV illuminated cloud surfaces, as compared with RCW 38.
Simulations of starspot anomalies within TESS exoplanetary transit light curves
Authors: Tregloan-Reed J. , Unda-Sanzana E. 
Published: April 2021

Aims. We determine the starspot detection rate in exoplanetary transit light curves for M and K dwarf stars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using various starspot filling factors and starspot distributions.
Methods. We used 3.6 × 109 simulations of planetary transits around spotted stars using the transit-starspot model PRISM. The simulations cover a range of starspot filling factors using one of three distributions: uniform, polar-biased, and mid-latitude. After construction of the stellar disc and starspots, we checked the transit cord for starspots and examined the change in flux of each starspot to determine whether or not a starspot anomaly would be detected. The results were then compared to predicted planetary detections for TESS.
Results. The results show that for the case of a uniform starspot distribution, 64 ± 9 M dwarf and 23 ± 4 K dwarf transit light curves observed by TESS will contain a starspot anomaly. This reduces to 37 ± 6 M dwarf and 12 ± 2 K dwarf light curves for a polar-biased distribution and 47 ± 7 M dwarf and 21 ± 4 K dwarf light curves for a mid-latitude distribution.
Conclusions. Currently there are only 17 M dwarf and 10 K dwarf confirmed planetary systems from TESS, none of which are confirmed as showing starspot anomalies. All three starspot distributions can explain the current trend. However, with such a small sample, a firm conclusion cannot be made at present. In the coming years when more TESS M and K dwarf exoplanetary systems have been detected and characterised, it will be possible to determine the dominant starspot distribution.
Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis in cats
Authors: Prullage Joe , Pfefferkorn Anthony , Knaus Martin , Frost Justin , Mitchell Elizabeth , Tielemans Eric 
Published: April 2021

Esafoxolaner is a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties. It is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation was evaluated in three Ixodes ricinus and two Ixodes scapularis experimental studies, with comparable designs. In each study, cats were randomly allocated, based on a pre-treatment tick infestation and count, to a placebo control group or a group treated with the minimum recommended dose of the novel formulation. Cats were infested two days before treatment and weekly thereafter. Immediate efficacy was evaluated 48 h after treatment; persistent efficacy was evaluated 48 h after new weekly infestations for at least one month after the treatment (in one of the studies, the first two weeks of persistent efficacy against I. ricinus were not tested). Efficacy was calculated at each timepoint by comparison of arithmetic means of live ticks found in the control and the treated groups. In the three studies targeting I. ricinus, immediate and persistent efficacies ranged between 91% and 100% for five weeks. In the two studies targeting I. scapularis, immediate and persistent efficacies ranged between 95% and 100%, and 98% and 100% for one month, respectively. These studies provide robust evidence of efficacy of the novel topical formulation of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against experimental I. ricinus and I. scapularis infestations for at least one month in cats.