bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building and Sustaining School Leadership Capacity
Authors: Ylimaki Rose M. , Brunderman Lynnette A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents our approach to building and sustaining leadership capacity with attention to three areas: (1) personal capacity and commitment to growth; (2) interactions and interpersonal capacity grounded in a culture of trust, collective responsibility and appreciation of diversity, and (3) organizational capacity in high functioning teams that take responsibility for a child-centered vision and help diffuse that vision throughout the school. Leadership in high capacity schools incorporates both formal and informal leadership capacities (Mitchell and Sackney, 2009). Team leadership is essential for building and sustaining leadership capacity in a shared direction for continous school development and diffusion of educational improvements throughout the school. As formal leaders leave to take on new positions in the district or elsewhere, the shared direction and culture of continous improvement helps to sustain progress. In this chapter, we discuss our experiences with building and sustaining leadership capacity in teams that work to develop and diffuse a shared direction for continuous school development. We begin with a discussion of the research-based content from ISSPP and other studies that informed our project. The balance of the chapter presents application in our research-practice approach in the Arizona project (AZILDR) as well as lessons learned with case examples.
The Global Development, Diffusion, and Transformation of Education Systems: Transnational Isomorphism and ‘Cultural Spheres’
Authors: Windzio Michael , Martens Kerstin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Chap.1, Michael Windzio and Kerstin Martens present the theoretical framework of their study, which focuses on the tension between the global institutionalization of Western rationality but also the culturally specific rationales for the development of education. In essence, they argue that horizontal and vertical interdependencies, as well as the moderating effects of national factors, are still neglected research topics when it comes to the global development of education policy. The chapter also presents the common research used in the different chapters and justifies the IO cases selected for deeper analysis. In addition, the chapter provides a short overview of existing research in this field that the book as a whole relates to.
Education as Cultural Frame
Authors: Meyer John W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEducation, both mass and elite, has spread everywhere over recent centuries, generally taking globally standardized forms. The studies in this book address its distinctively compulsory form. It is originally organized for the collective good of religious and later political society, and more recently formulated as a citizen—and later human—right. Educational expansion is global, and greatly affected by worldwide organizations. But regional variations matter too, as education spreads out from the Western core. A key to understanding the diffusion of education is to see it as reflecting cultural and political forces, not principally economic ones that obviously vary greatly around the world. Education reflects a cultural model of a secularized modern society, much more than economic interests and structures, and its commonalities are visible everywhere.
The Introduction of Compulsory Schooling Around the World: Global Diffusion Between Isomorphism and ‘Cultural Spheres’
Authors: Seitzer Helen , Besche-Truthe Fabian , Windzio Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Chap.2, Helen Seitzer, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Michael Windzio investigate the diffusion of compulsory education from a global perspective. Compulsory education closely relates to the reproduction and change of a country’s culture. In this chapter, the authors focus on the effect of a country’s membership in different clusters defined by cultural characteristics, on the diffusion of compulsory education. They apply social network analysis to define global ‘cultural spheres’, which have fuzzy boundaries. This network is the structural framework behind the diffusion process of compulsory education. The impact of cultural spheres on diffusion is tested by exposure in terms of close ties to other countries with compulsory education, and they are found to significantly increase the rate of adoption.
Does Globalization Affect the Performance of Secondary Education Systems? A Coevolution Model of Multiplex Transnational Networks and Educational Performance
Authors: Seitzer Helen , Windzio Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Chap. 4, Helen Seitzer and Michael Windzio address PISA scores, student exchange, service sector trade flows, and migration. PISA, a study on education system effectiveness, is used to compare, name, and shame the ‘best’ and ‘worst’ of state education. Better education in connection to job prospects is one reason for migration but might also influence students’ choice of the destination for an exchange. But, both these networks might also follow existing paths of interconnectedness, similar to service trade relations. Applying a network coevolution model, the authors ask if a country’s change in PISA scores coincides with student exchange flows and migration patterns, or if other factors such as cultural, geographical, or economic aspects influence the choice of destination.
International Organizations in Education: New Takes on Old Paradigms
Authors: Niemann Dennis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Chap. 5, Dennis Niemann analyzes international organizations (IOs) and their education ideas. Different ideological paradigms dominated the global education discourse at different periods. Fundamentally, they revolve around two poles of an economic utilitarian view on education and on an interpretation that emphasizes the social and cultural value of education. Both leitmotifs were influenced by general developments in world politics, and they were also reflected within IOs. Niemann analyzes how global education IOs, specifically the World Bank, the OECD, UNESCO, and the ILO, influenced the global discourse on education. First, he argues that within the IOs, the antipodal views on education became more complementary over time. Second, he demonstrates the pattern of interaction between the IOs has also changed from competition to cooperation.
Complexity measures in QFT and constrained geometric actions
Authors: Bueno Pablo , Magán Javier M. , Shahbazi C. S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the conditions under which, given a generic quantum system, complexity metrics provide actual lower bounds to the circuit complexity associated to a set of quantum gates. Inhomogeneous cost functions — many examples of which have been recently proposed in the literature — are ruled out by our analysis. Such measures are shown to be unrelated to circuit complexity in general and to produce severe violations of Lloyd’s bound in simple situations. Among the metrics which do provide lower bounds, the idea is to select those which produce the tightest possible ones. This establishes a hierarchy of cost functions and considerably reduces the list of candidate complexity measures. In particular, the criterion suggests a canonical way of dealing with penalties, consisting in assigning infinite costs to directions not belonging to the gate set. We discuss how this can be implemented through the use of Lagrange multipliers. We argue that one of the surviving cost functions defines a particularly canonical notion in the sense that: i) it straightforwardly follows from the standard Hermitian metric in Hilbert space; ii) its associated complexity functional is closely related to Kirillov’s coadjoint orbit action, providing an explicit realization of the “complexity equals action” idea; iii) it arises from a Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of the “quantum action” describing quantum dynamics in the phase space canonically associated to every Hilbert space. Finally, we explain how these structures provide a natural framework for characterizing chaos in classical and quantum systems on an equal footing, find the minimal geodesic connecting two nearby trajectories, and describe how complexity measures are sensitive to Lyapunov exponents.
The stochastic axiverse
Authors: Reig Mario 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In addition to spectacular signatures such as black hole superradiance and the rotation of CMB polarization, the plenitude of axions appearing in the string axiverse may have potentially dangerous implications. An example is the cosmological overproduction of relic axions and moduli by the misalignment mechanism, more pronounced in regions where the signals mentioned above may be observable, that is for large axion decay constant. In this work, we study the minimal requirements to soften this problem and show that the fundamental requirement is a long period of low-scale inflation. However, in this case, if the inflationary Hubble scale is lower than around O(100) eV, no relic DM axion is produced in the early Universe. Cosmological production of some axions may be activated, via the misalignment mechanism, if their potential minimum changes between inflation and today. As a particular example, we study in detail how the maximal-misalignment mechanism dilutes the effect of dangerous axions and allows the production of axion DM in a controlled way. In this case, the potential of the axion that realises the mechanism shifts by a factor ∆θ = π between the inflationary epoch and today, and the axion starts to oscillate from the top of its potential. We also show that axions with masses ma ∼ O(1 − 100) H0 realising the maximal-misalignment mechanism generically behave as dark energy with a decay constant that can take values well below the Planck scale, avoiding problems associated to super-Planckian scales. Finally, we briefly study the basic phenomenological implications of the mechanism and comment on the compatibility of this type of maximally-misaligned quintessence with the swampland criteria.
Enigmatic mechanism of the N-vinylpyrrolidone hepatocarcinogenicity in the rat
Authors: Oesch Franz , Fruth Daniela , Hengstler Jan G. , Fabian Eric , Berger Franz Ingo , Landsiedel Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractN-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) is produced up to several thousand tons per year as starting material for the production of polymers to be used in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food technology. Upon inhalation NVP was carcinogenic in the rat, liver tumor formation is starting already at the rather low concentration of 5 ppm. Hence, differentiation whether NVP is a genotoxic carcinogen (presumed to generally have no dose threshold for the carcinogenic activity) or a non-genotoxic carcinogen (with a potentially definable threshold) is highly important. In the present study, therefore, the existing genotoxicity investigations on NVP (all showing consistently negative results) were extended and complemented with investigations on possible alternative mechanisms, which also all proved negative. All tests were performed in the same species (rat) using the same route of exposure (inhalation) and the same doses of NVP (5, 10 and 20 ppm) as had been used in the positive carcinogenicity test. Specifically, the tests included an ex vivo Comet assay (so far not available) and an ex vivo micronucleus test (in contrast to the already available micronucleus test in mice here in the same species and by the same route of application as in the bioassay which had shown the carcinogenicity), tests on oxidative stress (non-protein-bound sulfhydryls and glutathione recycling test), mechanisms mediated by hepatic receptors, the activation of which had been shown earlier to lead to carcinogenicity in some instances (Ah receptor, CAR, PXR, PPARα). No indications were obtained for any of the investigated mechanisms to be responsible for or to contribute to the observed carcinogenicity of NVP. The most important of these exclusions is genotoxicity. Thus, NVP can rightfully be regarded and treated as a non-genotoxic carcinogen and threshold approaches to the assessment of this chemical are supported. However, the mechanism underlying the carcinogenicity of NVP in rats remains unclear.
Body dysmorphic disorder of female genitalia: a qualitative study of Swiss obstetrician–gynecologists’ experiences and practices
Authors: Dworakowski Olenka , Drüge Marie , Schlunegger Michelle , Watzke Birgit 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This work focuses on the experiences and practices of obstetrician–gynecologists (ob–gyns) with patients suffering from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and issues with their aesthetics, specifically focusing on female genitalia. Ob–gyns are likely to play an important role in the recognition and treatment of women facing such issues.

Methods
This study took a qualitative, explorative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 ob–gyns about their experiences with patients who presented symptoms of BDD of female genitalia, their treatments, and interest in further education and supportive material. Interviews were analyzed through qualitative content analysis.

Results
A categorization system was created. The results showed that the participating ob–gyns are often confronted with genital dissatisfaction of patients. The study sample demonstrated a lack of mental health literacy concerning BDD. The treatments that the ob–gyns of this sample suggested for BDD of female genitalia were not in line with what evidence suggests. Finally, interest in further education and supportive material for consultation was evidenced in this sample.

Conclusions
The findings encourage further studies to identify the recognition of BDD concerning genitalia or etiological factors. Furthermore, practical implications (e.g., need of supportive material) can be derived from the results.
Molecular epidemiologic characteristics of hemagglutinin from five waves of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection, from 2013 to 2017, in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Sun Yi , Mao Haiyan , Lou Xiuyu , Wang Xinying , Chen Yin , Zhou Biaofeng , Zhang Yanjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere have been five waves of influenza A (H7N9) epidemics in Zhejiang Province between 2013 and 2017. Although the epidemiological characteristics of the five waves have been reported, the molecular genetics aspects, including the phylogeny, evolution, and mutation of hemagglutinin (HA), have not been systematically investigated. A total of 154 H7N9 samples from Zhejiang Province were collected between 2013 and 2017 and sequenced using an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. The starting dates of the waves were 16 March 2013, 1 July 2013, 1 July 2014, 1 July 2015, and 1 July 2016. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amino acid mutations were counted after the HA sequences were aligned. The evolution of H7N9 matched the temporal order of the five waves, among which wave 3 played an important role. The 55 SNPs and 14 amino acid mutations with high frequency identified among the five waves revealed the dynamic occurrence of mutation in the process of viral dissemination. Wave 3 contributed greatly to the subsequent epidemic of waves 4 and 5 of H7N9. Compared with wave 1, wave 5 was characterized by more mutations, including A143V and R148K, two mutations that have been reported to weaken the immune response. In addition, some amino acid mutations were observed in wave 5 that led to more lineages. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of subsequent H7N9 influenza outbreaks.
Understanding responsibility in Responsible AI. Dianoetic virtues and the hard problem of context
Authors: Constantinescu Mihaela , Voinea Cristina , Uszkai Radu , Vică Constantin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the last decade there has been burgeoning research concerning the ways in which we should think of and apply the concept of responsibility for Artificial Intelligence. Despite this conceptual richness, there is still a lack of consensus regarding what Responsible AI entails on both conceptual and practical levels. The aim of this paper is to connect the ethical dimension of responsibility in Responsible AI with Aristotelian virtue ethics, where notions of context and dianoetic virtues play a grounding role for the concept of moral responsibility. The paper starts by highlighting the important difficulties in assigning responsibility to either technologies themselves or to their developers. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to moral responsibility are then contrasted, as we explore how they could inform debates about Responsible AI. We highlight the limits of the former ethical approaches and build the case for classical Aristotelian virtue ethics. We show that two building blocks of Aristotle’s ethics, dianoetic virtues and the context of actions, although largely ignored in the literature, can shed light on how we could think of moral responsibility for both AI and humans. We end by exploring the practical implications of this particular understanding of moral responsibility along the triadic dimensions of ethicsbydesign, ethicsindesign and ethicsfordesigners.
Hemostatic efficacy of two topical adjunctive hemostats in a porcine spleen biopsy punch model of moderate bleeding
Authors: MacDonald Melinda H. , Zhang Gary , Tasse Laura , Wang Daidong , De Leon Hector , Kocharian Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTopical hemostatic agents have become essential tools to aid in preventing excessive bleeding in surgical or emergency settings and to mitigate the associated risks of serious complications. In the present study, we compared the hemostatic efficacy of SURGIFLO® Hemostatic Matrix Kit with Thrombin (Surgiflo—flowable gelatin matrix plus human thrombin) to HEMOBLAST™ Bellows Hemostatic Agent (Hemoblast—a combination product consisting of collagen, chondroitin sulfate, and human thrombin). Surgiflo and Hemoblast were randomly tested in experimentally induced bleeding lesions on the spleens of four pigs. Primary endpoints included hemostatic efficacy measured by absolute time to hemostasis (TTH) within 5 min. Secondary endpoints included the number of product applications and the percent of product needed from each device to achieve hemostasis. Surgiflo demonstrated significantly higher hemostatic efficacy and lower TTH (p < 0.01) than Hemoblast. Surgiflo-treated lesion sites achieved hemostasis in 77.4% of cases following a single product application vs. 3.3% of Hemoblast-treated sites. On average, Surgiflo-treated sites required 63% less product applications than Hemoblast-treated sites (1.26 ± 0.0.51 vs. 3.37 ± 1.16). Surgiflo provided more effective and faster hemostasis than Hemoblast. Since both products contain thrombin to activate endogenous fibrinogen and accelerate clot formation, the superior hemostatic efficacy of Surgiflo in the porcine spleen punch biopsy model seems to be due to Surgiflo’s property as a malleable barrier able to adjust to defect topography and to provide an environment for platelets to adhere and aggregate. Surgiflo combines a flowable gelatin matrix and a delivery system well-suited for precise application to bleeding sites where other methods of hemostasis may be impractical or ineffective.
Integrating Interprofessional Trainees into a Complex Care Program for Veterans Experiencing Homelessness: Effects on Health Services Utilization
Authors: Gelberg Lillian , Edwards Samuel T. , Hooker Elizabeth R. , Niederhausen Meike , Shaner Andrew , Cowan Brianna J. , Warde Carole M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

PURPOSE
High-quality, comprehensive care of vulnerable populations requires interprofessional ambulatory care teams skilled in addressing complex social, medical, and psychological needs. Training health professionals in interprofessional settings is crucial for building a competent future workforce. The impacts on care utilization of adding continuity trainees to ambulatory teams serving vulnerable populations have not been described. We aim to understand how the addition of interprofessional trainees to an ambulatory clinic caring for Veterans experiencing homelessness impacts medical and mental health services utilization.

METHODS
Trainees from five professions were incorporated into an interprofessional ambulatory clinic for Veterans experiencing homelessness starting in July 2016. We performed clinic-level interrupted time series (ITS) analyses of pre- and post-intervention utilization measures among patients enrolled in this training continuity clinic, compared to three similar VA homeless clinics without training programs from October 2015 to September 2018.

RESULTS
Our sample consisted of 37,671 patient- months. There was no significant difference between the intervention and comparison groups’ post-intervention slopes for numbers of primary care visits (difference in slopes =−0.16 visits/100 patients/month; 95% CI −0.40, 0.08; p=0.19), emergency department visits (difference in slopes = 0.08 visits/100 patients/month; 95% CI −0.16, 0.32; p=0.50), mental health visits (difference in slopes = −1.37 visits/month; 95% CI −2.95, 0.20; p= 0.09), and psychiatric hospitalizations (−0.005 admissions/100 patients/month; 95% CI −0.02, 0.01; p= 0.62). We found a clinically insignificant change in medical hospitalizations.

CONCLUSIONS
Adding continuity trainees from five health professions to an interprofessional ambulatory clinic caring for Veterans experiencing homelessness did not adversely impact inpatient and outpatient care utilization. An organized team-based care approach is beneficial for vulnerable patients and provides a meaningful educational experience for interprofessional trainees by building health professionals’ capabilities to care for vulnerable populations.
Geschichte und Psychotherapie im Austausch: Lebensgeschichten mit Oral-History-Interviews erfassen
Authors: Lichtblau Albert 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag für dieZeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometriereflektiert die MethodeOral History, die sich mit der Aufzeichnung, Archivierung und Auswertung von lebensgeschichtlichen Interviews befasst. Für die Aufarbeitung der Gewaltgeschichte von zwei Weltkriegen und fortdauernder Massengewalt im 20. Jahrhundert waren die Erfahrungen aus der therapeutischen Arbeit mit dadurch traumatisierten Menschen eine wichtige Stütze. Das Wissen über historische Rahmenbedingungen wiederum kann wichtige Hinweise für die therapeutische Arbeit geben, um die Darstellungsweisen individueller Geschichten besser zu verstehen.
A Scoping Review of Police Involvement in School Crisis Response for Mental Health Emergencies
Authors: Choi Kristen R. , O’Malley Corey , Ijadi-Maghsoodi Roya , Tascione Elyse , Bath Eraka , Zima Bonnie T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this scoping literature review was to examine research on police involvement in school mental health crisis response. The search was conducted in PsychInfo, PubMed, and ERIC and initially identified 315 articles. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 47 articles remained. Detailed review and data extraction by three independent reviewers resulted in a final article count of nine. Three primary themes were identified across articles: (1) perceptions and consequences of law enforcement presence in schools; (2) the role of school-community partnerships in successful crisis response models; and (3) gaps in research and challenges of implementing and scaling existing models. Though in practice law enforcement officers are often involved in school mental health crisis response, there is limited empirical research supporting this approach. Our review did not return any randomized trials. In the absence of empirical evidence supporting the use of current models, there is a need for research on law enforcement involvement in school crisis response and, more broadly, community-partnered models of responding to student mental health needs.