bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Beam Section and Joint Configuration of Payload Frame of Special Vehicle
Authors: Zhiwu Yan , Kun Wu , Zhiguang Bao , Hongwei Zhang , Fang Liu , Jiao Zhang , Dehai Wang , Ruoshi Zhao , Yin Zhang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the increasing demand for series of special equipment, light-weight and high-payload capacity along with high mobility have become the major trends in the development of the new generation of special vehicles. The key to achieving high-payload capacity in thin-walled special vehicles lies in the successful application of annular frame beams. This paper focuses on the structural forms of typical annular frames of thin-walled special vehicle, with a particular emphasis on the study of beam cross-sections and beam joint configurations. By applying the Optistruct shape optimization method, improvements to configuration parameters were made to achieve the optimal structural form. A simulation comparison with traditional structural forms was conducted, and the results demonstrate that the new beam cross-section and beam joint configurations can significantly reduce the payload stress level and increase the payload strength while reducing thickness, meeting the high payload characteristic requirements of thin-walled special vehicles.
Influence of head surface conditions of projectiles on initial cavitation and supercavity
Authors: Na Xiaodong , Wang Hao , Huang Zhengui , Hou Yu , Chen Zhihua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To investigate the inception of cavitation, the morphology of supercavity, and the detailed flow field influenced by the surface morphology of underwater high-speed projectiles, a high-precision large eddy simulation method was developed. The method accurately simulates cavitation inception and its fine structure under the influence of small-scale changes, enabling the high-precision numerical simulation of the projectile’s supercavitating flow field. The results indicate that the diameter of the cavitator and the height of the rough belt significantly affect the initial cavitation flow field of the projectile. As the cavitator’s diameter decreases, the initial cavitation number of the projectile notably decreases. Compared to conditions without a rough belt, increasing the rough belt alters the distribution of the primary cavity and the flow field structure near the wall. When the rough belt height is minimal, the formation and collapse of the primary cavity occur farther from the projectile’s head and the near-wall region. Introducing a rough zone of appropriate height can increase the pressure in the near-wall flow field and enhance vapor content, thereby promoting cavitation inception. A small rough zone height inhibits cavitation inception, while a large rough zone height promotes it.
The Effect of Doped Diamond Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Tungsten
Authors: Zhu Rui , Chen Lin , Ma Ming-Hui , Wu Yi-Ding , Gao Guang-Fa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tungsten, known for its high strength and excellent heat resistance, finds extensive application in military and industrial fields. However, its brittlenes at room temperature limits its broader use. Dispersion strengthening is one of the effective methods to improve the properties of tungsten and its alloys. This study investigates the dispersion strengthening of tungsten by uniformly distributing fine damond particles (0.5 μm) within the tungsten matrix. Quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were conducted on three types of tungsten materials: pure tungsten (W), tungsten with 0.05% carbon (W-0.05%C), and tungsten with 0.1% carbon (W-0.1%C). The test results demonstrate that, compared to pure tungsten, the tungsten-based composites doped with diamond particles exhibit higher strength and superior plastic deformation capability, along with pronounced work hardening behavior. As the diamond content increases, the strain rate sensitivity and toughness of the materials also increase. Among them, W-0.1%C shows the highest strength and plasticity. The study elucidates the strengthening mechanism of diamond particles within the tungsten matrix, providing scientific guidance for designing new tungsten-based composite materials that combine high strength with good toughness. This research further broadens the application scope of tungsten materials, meeting the higher demands of military and industrial sectors.
An Adaptive Procedure of Time Synchronization in Unstructured Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks using Butterfly Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abdul-Rashid Ramadan , Abd Rahman Mohd Amiruddin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a pivotal role in various applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to defence technology. This paper proposes a novel time synchronization protocol for WSNs inspired by the Butterfly Optimization algorithm. The time synchronization problem is formulated into an optimization problem for heuristic evolutionary algorithms, and the recently reported Butterfly optimization algorithm is used to optimize clock parameters and carry out global network synchronization. A working protocol is proposed for clock synchronization in multi hop WSN. The proposed protocol is evaluated experimentally against the Newton inspired Time Synchronization protocol and the Average Proportional Integral Synchronization protocol. Experimental results showed better performance in terms of synchronization accuracy as compared to the other protocols.
Fuze dual-channel ballistic height fusion and prediction algorithm based on FCI-KF
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Ke , Wang Xin , Xu Ruichen , Yang Jingang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To improve the measurement accuracy of the ballistic height and anti-interference ability of fuze in complex environments, the fuze dual-channel ballistic height fusion and prediction algorithm based on Fast Covariance Intersection fusion Kalman Filter (FCI-KF) is proposed. Firstly, the state model and observation model are established, the improved Kalman Filter (KF) algorithm is used to predict the height of the single-channel and then the Fast Covariance Intersection (FCI) algorithm is used to fuse the dual-channel data. This algorithm does not need to calculate the cross-covariance matrix between channels, hence the amount of calculation is small, which is convenient for engineering realization. Finally, the algorithm is simulated and verified, the simulation results show that the measurement accuracy of the proposed algorithm can be significantly improved compared with the original measurement, and the measurement accuracy of the ballistic height is better than that of the traditional methods using only one channel, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Numerical Simulation Analysis on Anti-Penetration Characteristics of Al/UHMWPE Composite Plates Against Tungsten Alloy Fragment
Authors: Zhang Xinzhe , Wang Rentao , Hou Huidong , Yu Bin , Li Guoju 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the rapid growing demand for armor protection systems that prioritize reduced weight, Al/UHMWPE composite plates have become a promising option in armor protection field. In this work, the finite element model of the Al/UHMWPE composite plates against tungsten alloy fragment was established firstly to investigate the influence of the interfacial strength on the ballistic performance. In addition, both the failure mechanisms and energy-absorbing performance of AI/UHMWPE composite plates were also systematically explored. Numerical simulation results indicate that lower interfacial strength can more accurately simulate the phenomenon of sub-laminates separation under high-speed penetration conditions. The failure mechanisms of Al/UHMWPE composite plates involve sequential processes including deformation of the Al alloy plate, tensile deformation of the UHMWPE laminated plate, fracture of the sub-laminate, and finally, delamination of the UHMWPE laminated plate. Furthermore, the specific energy absorption (SEA) was utilized to quantify the ballistic performance between Al alloy plate and UHMWPE plate, demonstrating that UHMWPE plate significantly dominates, with a capability of 16.4 J/(kg/m2), accounting for 53.4% of total SEA.
Multiple cruise munitions target localisation algorithm based on optimised particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Zhang Chuanhao , Li Haojie , Zhang Lingyun , Qiao Shixiang , Yu Hang , Li Changsheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the process of locating unknown targets within a target area using multiple cruise munition nodes, it is crucial to achieve precise and rapid target localization through sensor data from multiple munitions. This paper presents a target positioning algorithm based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, which enables cooperative positioning by multiple cruise munitions through the establishment of an appropriate objective function. Simulation results show that while the PSO algorithm offers high positioning accuracy, it can sometimes get trapped in local optima. To address this, the PSO algorithm is optimized by introducing dynamic adaptive weights and integrating Differential Evolution (DE) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms. Comparative simulations demonstrate that the improved PSO algorithm achieves greater accuracy and stability than other optimization algorithms.
Effect of Thermite on Near-ground Explosion Performance of HMX-based Thermobaric Explosive
Authors: Xiao Wei , Zhu Yingzhong , Tang Lei , Yang Zhao , Zou Lang , Bi Xiaolu , Wang Boliang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the effect and action low of thermite on the explosion performance of HMX-based thermobaric explosive were studied. A series of near-ground explosion were tested for the explosives containing Fe2O3 and CuO. The results showed that thermobaric explosive containing thermite had a significant thermal effect, the peak temper ature was about 15% higher than that of TNT, and the distribution of the fireball morphology and temperature was asymmetrical. Compared with CuO, Fe2O3 could significantly increase incident wave ’s peak overpressure and duration of barotropic action, and Fe2O3 had greater advantages than CuO in promoting thermite reaction to increase fireball temperature and duration of thermal effect. The results provide reference and guidance for the formulation design of thermobaric explosive.
Enhanced process safety: Liquid level identification in the process of preparing PBXs by water suspension method using YOLOV8
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Hao Jingyi , Lv Xijuan , Shang Fengqin , Zou Haoming , Shu Qinghai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Realizing online monitoring of the process of preparing Plastic Bonded Explosives (PBXs) by water suspension method has far-reaching significance for optimizing the preparation process, improving product quality, and ensuring personnel safety. The application of deep learning algorithms has significantly improved the efficiency of image recognition and is widely used in various industries. This study proposes a YOLOV8 framework based on deep learning to identify liquid level pictures during the preparation process of PBXs. The data sets are divided according to different split ratios, and each data set uses three levels of epoch of 100, 200 and 300 for training. Four key performance indicators, including precision, recall, mAP50 and mAP50-95, are used to evaluate the quality of the model. The results show that the model has outstanding recognition effect, and all indicators have reached more than 97%. This study innovatively applied the deep learning framework to the field of PBXs preparation, realized the monitoring of the PBXs preparation process, and provided new ideas and foundation for the advanced manufacturing of PBXs.
Shock Activation Mechanism of Aluminum Nano-Particles outside High Explosives
Authors: Zhandong Wang , Fang Chen , Liangliang Zhang , Chuan Xiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Adding aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) to explosive charges can effectively increase the total explosion energy and work capacity. A novel explosive charge was researched where ANPs were placed outside the high explosive. And the shock activation mechanism for the ANPs was proposed. The proposed shock activation mechanism suggests that under shock loadings, ANPs ignite due to the combined effects of shock work and plastic work. To investigate this mechanism, four turns of explosion experiments were conducted with varying layer thicknesses of ANPs in an enclosed space. The quasi-static pressure was measured to characterize the activation efficiency of the ANPs. The experimental results revealed that the reaction degree of the ANPs ranged from 55.9% to 67.2%, indicating that ANPs reached a relatively high reaction degree despite being placed outside the high explosives. Furthermore, the reaction degree decreased monotonically from 67.2% to 55.9% as the Al layer thickness increased from 1.3% to 6.3% of the explosive diameter. This observation suggests that the activation efficiency of the ANPs decreased with increasing layer thickness. These experimental findings show that the shock activation mechanism can effectively explain the activation of ANPs placed outside of explosives. The proposed shock activation mechanism is indeed valid and provides a promising approach to enhance the explosion energy and work capacity by incorporating ANPs in the charge configuration.
Shock Initiation Characteristics of CL-20-Based Cast Cured Explosives with High Aluminum and Ammonium Perchlorate Contents
Authors: Yang K , Chen L , Liu D Y , Zhang B , Lu J Y , Wu J Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The addition of a large amount of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate will change the sensitivity of the explosive. At present, there is lack of deep understanding of the shock initiation characteristics of CL-20 based mixed explosives with high aluminum and AP contents, which is important for the optimization of the explosive components and safety use. In this paper, the electromagnetic particle velocity gauges were embedded in the wedge-shaped explosive to measure the particle velocity during shock initiation, and then numerical simulation model was constructed, based on the experimental data, the parameters of reaction rate model and equation of state were calibrated. By combining experiments and numerical simulations, the shock initiation characteristics and effects of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate contents on the initiation process were investigated. Results show that the two kinds CL-20-based cast cured explosives with high aluminum and AP contents are more sensitive than PBXW-115. The change of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate significantly changed the shock initiation behavior, which could lead to intersection point in the Pop relationship. Based on the characteristics of shock initiation, it can be inferred that the shock initiation process of explosives follows different mechanisms under low and high pressure. Under relatively low pressure, the shock initiation process of explosives is mainly dominated by the formation and growth of “hotspots”, while under higher pressure, the rapid reaction of CL-20 itself will dominate the initiation and rapid growth of detonation.
Numerical Calculation for Form Function of Gun Propellant with Simple Mesh Generation
Authors: Zhi-gang Guo , Hui-fang Yu , Rui Wu , Man-man Li , Lun Wei , Qiang Li , Qiong-lin Wang , Xiao-mu Wen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A numerical model was built for the form function of gun propellant. To simplify the heavy mesh work, the 3D-grain of propellant would be transformed into the porous medium in control volumes. Then, the iterative calculation of solid fraction matrix could be established to reflect the burn-back of burning surface. Finally, based on the weighting sum of matrix element, the percentage of the propellant mass burned (Ψ) varying with the relative propellant thickness (Z) could be obtained as the numerical results for the form function. The step size of Z is dependent on the size of control volume for the geometry simplification, and the accuracy of Ψ-Z relies on the modification factor connecting with the gradient of solid fraction in the iterative process. The present model could adapt to different geometric conditions, such as 7-pore grain and spherical propellant. The deviation magnitude of Ψ would be less than O(10−2).
Study on the Co-crystal Transition Process and Mechanism of CL-20 and HMX in Propellant Formulation
Authors: Zou Pangangjing , Li Shichun , Huang Shiliang , Zhang Haobin , Liu Yu , Li Liangbin , Xu Jinjiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The integration of CL-20 into solid propellants to enhance their energy levels has emerged as a focal point in the research of high-energy solid propellants and the use of CL-20 as a partial substitute for traditional oxidizers in propellant formulations has emerged as a viable method for propellant modification. However, research indicates that the microstructure and crystal form of CL-20 and HMX may undergo changes due to external stimuli and energy induction, resulting in significant deterioration of the propellant’s mechanical and combustion properties, as well as its safety. We were surprised to find that CL-20 and HMX can form co-crystal not only in the nitric ester plasticizer like DOS but also in some specific binders, such as GAP and HTPE, and revealed that the solvent’s capacity to dissolve two explosives is the key determinant in the formation of co-crystal.
Research on the Technology of Micro-Pyrotechnic Reagent Charging
Authors: Wang Zao , Zhang Song , Wang Yanlan , Wang Wei , Zhang Fang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The technology of micro-pyrotechnic reagent charging is crucial for the controlled delivery and performance of pyrotechnic compositions used in applications ranging from signalling and illumination to propulsion and explosives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in micro-pyrotechnic reagent charging, focusing on techniques for loading pyrotechnic compositions, integration methods, performance optimization, and safety enhancements. The discussion includes both traditional and innovative approaches, highlighting emerging trends and future research directions.
Research on sensitivity experiment and RF dudding assessment of EED
Authors: Xiangfei Ji , Chunqiang Wei , Tuan Zhao , Hognzhi Yao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article refers to radio frequency(RF) sensitivity test and RF dudding assessment method of MIL-STD-1576, select the two kinds of typical bridge-wire electric explosive device(EED) to carry on RF sensitivity experiments and direct current(DC) sensitivity experiments before and after exposure in radio frequency environment, analyze and compare EED DC sensitivity on the impact of 10% RF sensitivity, and assessing the RF dudding possibility on EED. Test results shows that made 10% RF ignition sensitivity as detonation standard, both of two kinds of samples ignited. 4 out of 40 in 1# sample ignited and 3 out of 40 in 2# sample ignited. And detonation test of 10% RF ignition energy did not change the DC ignition feature of two kinds of EED (confidence is 95%). Preliminary study RF dudding assessment method, provide test data and testing methods for deeply researching the RF dudding experiment and assessment method on EED.
Preparation and Penetration Performance Verification of Low Fluorine Polymer Content Reactive Liner
Authors: Peiyu Li , Sheng Zhou , Zhenyang Liu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To address the combined effect of shaped charge on target penetration performance and post penetration effect, several high-density materials added Al/PTFE reactive liner were designed. Apply the theory of particle size distribution to design the particle size of formula components. And conduct SEM and EDS analysis on the reactive liner made. Static explosion tests were conducted to verify the penetration of several designed formulas into steel targets, and EDS and SEM analyses were conducted on the penetration channels. The experimental results show that the penetration depth of the liner with high-density particles significantly increases, and the addition of copper is more conducive to improving the penetration depth than the addition of tungsten. However, as the amount of tungsten added further increases, the penetration depth shows a downward trend. At the same time, the effects of copper and nickel with similar densities on the performance of the reactive liner were compared, and the results showed that adding copper improved the penetration depth better than adding nickel. This has certain reference value for the design of high-density fluoropolymer based reactive liner.
Molecular dynamic simulations of adiabatic self-reaction in Al@Ni core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Yongpeng , Yuan Dazhong , Cao Wenli , Lv Ruiheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Al@Ni core-shell nanoparticles are attracting significant attentions for using as a promising material. In this paper, the self-reaction thermochemical behavior of Al@Ni nanoparticles was studied by molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations to characterize the final reaction temperature and self-heating rate. The analysis was carried out in canonical-constant temperature (NVT) and microcanonical-constant energy (NVE) ensembles using an embedded atom method. The ignition temperature was in the range of 700 K ∼ 1300 K, the core-shell thickness ratio of 1:1 ∼ 7:1 and the nanoparticle radius of 2 nm ∼ 8 nm were considered. When the ignition temperature was 1100 K, the nanoparticle radius was 8 nm, the core-shell thickness ratio was 3:1, the final reaction temperature was highest of 1955 K. As the ignition temperature was 1100 K, the nanoparticle radius was 4 nm, the core-shell thickness ratio was 3:1, the self-heating rate was highest of 3.04×1012K/s. These results obtained from the MD simulations of Al@Ni nanoparticles are helpful to understand the energy release mechanism.
Preparation and combustion analysis of B@PDA@AP with dual-core shell structure
Authors: Ma Shuai , Huang Hongyu , Zhang Ting , Zhao Shuai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
B@PDA and B@PDA@AP core-shell structured composites were synthesized successfully via the solvent-antisolvent method. PDA, functioning as an effective binder, modifies the B surface and anchors AP onto it. Analysis of the stable combustion process of B@20%PDA@15%AP and B/15%AP showed that B@20%PDA@15%AP exhibited more intense and complete combustion, with larger flame morphology and faster flame propagation. PDA enhances mass and heat transfer between B and AP, accelerates reaction rates, and mitigates AP decomposition splash, sustaining better gaseous phase combustion. This research offers strategies for tailoring the energy release of the B/AP and advancing its application in energetic materials.