bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of pedicle localization using a 3D ultrasound navigator on vertebral phantoms for posterior spinal surgery
Authors: Lou E , Chan A , Coutts B , Parent E , Mahood J 
Published: June 2021

Severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) requires surgery to halt curve progression. Accurate insertion of pedicle screws is important. This study reports a newly developed 3D ultrasound (3DUS) to localize pedicles intraoperatively and register a pre-op 3D vertebral model to the surface to be displayed for navigation. The objective was to determine speed of the custom 3DUS navigator and accuracy of pedicle probe placement. The developed 3DUS navigator integrated an ultrasound scanner with motion capture cameras. Two adolescent 3D printed spine models T2-T8 and T7-T11 were modified to include pedicle holes with known trajectory and be mounted on a high precision LEGO pegboard in a water bath for imaging. Calibration of the motion cameras and the 3DUS were conducted prior to the study. A total of 27 scans from T3 to T11 vertebrae with 3 individual scans were performed to validate the repeatability. Three accuracy tests that varied vertebral a) orientation, b) position and c) a combination of location and orientation were completed. Based on all experiments, the acquisition-to-display time was 18.9±3.1s. The repeatability of the trajectory error and positional error were 0.5±0.2° and 0.3±0.1mm, respectively. The a) center orientation, b) position and c) orientation/position on trajectory and positional error were for a) 1.4±0.9° and 0.5±0.4mm, b) 1.4±0.8° and 0.3±0.3mm and c) 2.0±0.8° and 0.5±0.5mm, respectively. These results demonstrated that a high precision real-time 3DUS navigator for screw placement in scoliosis surgery is feasible. The next step will study the effect of surrounding soft tissues on navigation accuracy.
Effect of PSSE on postural sway in AIS using center of pressure
Authors: Selthafner M , Liu XC , Ellis F , Tassone C , Thometz J , Escott B 
Published: June 2021

We haven’t known whether the center of pressure (COP) could be considered as a better indicator in the evaluation of posture and balance change after the physiotherapeutic scoliosis specific exercise (PSSE) during level walking. The objective of this study was: 1) to determine changes in COP displacement in anterior-posterior (COP-AP) and medial-lateral (COP-ML) for AIS following the PSSE; 2) to find out COP oscillation(COP-OS) from the midline for the left and right foot; 3) to investigate max pressure at the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot bilaterally. AIS patients with three reflective markers on their back walked on the pressure sensors embedded treadmill at 2 km/h and their trunks were also registered by DIERS Formetric 4D system. Each child received the PSSE for 12 weeks by the same physical therapist and had a dynamic pressure analysis before and after the PSSE. Six AIS children at a mean age of 13 years and with averaged major Cobb angle of 26° were enrolled. There was an increase in COP-AP (15%) and a decrease in the COP-ML (-25%) following the PSSE. COP-OS on the left foot shifted farther away from the midline (about 16%) as the right side moved closer (-1%), which becomes more symmetrical (Pre-PSSE: 0.86mm & Post-PSSE: 0.32mm). There were increased pressures on the left (35%) and right (26%) hallux after PSSE. Pressure metrics, especially including COP-ML, COP-AP, COP-OS, and peak pressures on the forefoot, may be opted as optimal predictors to posture improvements by the means of PSSE.
Convergent validity, ceiling, and floor effects of the English-ISYQOL against established quality of life questionnaires (SRS-22r and SAQ) and curve angles in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Alanazi MH , Parent EC , Bettany-Saltikov J , Hill D , Southon S 
Published: June 2021

Scoliosis significantly impacts Quality of Life (QOL). Current quality of life questionnaires for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) have limitations. A new questionnaire for measuring QOL in AIS called the Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life (ISYQOL) has been developed to address these limitations but the English translation has not yet been validated. To determine the ceiling and floor effects, and the convergent validity of the ISYQOL questionnaire against established QOL questionnaires and Cobb angle in AIS. One hundred consecutive females with AIS, (10–18 years old), treated non-operatively. The English translation of the ISYQOL was compared to the following established questionnaires: Scoliosis Research Society-22r and the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire. The participants were 100 females (13.89+/-1.8 years) with 28.75+/-13.9° curve angles. The convergent validity of the ISYQOL score (60.3+/-12.44) was supported by significant correlation with the SRS-22r total score, function, pain, self-image, and mental health scores (r = 0.70, 0.54, 0.57, 0.52 and 0.50, respectively), and with the SAQ general, waist, and expectations domains (r = -0.6. -.52, and -0.56, respectively). Correlation with the Cobb angle was (r = -.37)(see Table 1). No ceiling effect was observed in the ISYQOL. Ceiling effects were observed for the SRS-22r and the SAQ. The ISYQOL demonstrated evidence of convergent validity. This study supports its suitability for QOL research in AIS. ISYQOL appears more likely to detect changes in evaluative studies than the SRS- 22r and the SAQ.
Evaluation of Learning Outcomes: A Case Study of Secondary Level Compulsory English Textbooks of the Punjab Board, Pakistan
Authors: Fayyaz Amna , Haseeb ul Hasaan  , Parveen Kausar 
Published: June 2021

This study examines the learning outcomes of selected English textbooks at the cognitive level. The aim of the present study is to explore the levels of criticality in the learning outcomes of compulsory English textbooks (Grade 6-10) published by the Punjab Board, based on which their activities and exercises are designed. Learning outcomes of compulsory English textbooks (Grade 6-10) were analyzed following the Critical Thinking Evaluation Model (CTEM). Post-use evaluation of the learning outcome of compulsory English textbooks (Grade 6-10) has not been carried out yet. To fill this gap, selected English textbooks were evaluated in terms of their critical thinking skills based learning outcomes. The evaluated textbooks were selected through stratified sampling. A mixed-method approach including both qualitative and quantitative data analysis was used to make findings more reliable and valid. Exploratory research design was adopted to explore the levels of criticality in compulsory English textbooks (Grade 6-10). The totality of results showed that the ‘implementation’ level of CTEM was the most frequent among the learning outcomes. The second most frequent level of criticality was ‘background knowledge’ and the third most frequent was ‘apprehension’. ‘Anatomization’ and ‘creativity’ levels of criticality appeared less frequently among the learning outcomes of compulsory English textbooks, while the ‘conceptualization’ level of CTEM was the least frequent. It was found that the learning outcomes of compulsory English textbooks (Grade 6-10) were not designed to enhance critical evaluation and self-directed learning. The results are beneficial for textbook designers, textbook evaluators, examiners, paper setters, teachers, students, and teacher trainers. This study contributes to the development of the English language teaching system in public schools.
Keywords: CTEM (Critical Thinking Evaluation Model), English textbooks, learning outcomes
Hubungan Depresi dan Pilihan Aplikasi Smartphone dengan Kecanduan Smartphone Pada Siswa SMA
Authors: Ferianti Ferianti , Sunawan Sunawan 
Published: June 2021

Advances in information and communication technology offer a sophisticated smartphone that has the potential to lead to addiction. Previous studies found smartphone addiction is motivated by the presence of psychological factors such as depression experienced by a person. In addition, previous studies also found a determining factor that is the magnitude of smartphone addiction different depends on the types of smartphone applications selected. Therefore, current research aims to identify the relationship between depression and the choice of smartphone apps with smartphone addiction in students. Current research is quantitative research methods. The participants of this study were 307 students. The instruments used in the study consisted of a depression scale, smartphone addiction scale, and smartphone app selection questionnaire. The data was analyzed using product-moment correlation. The data analysis revealed a positive correlation coefficient value of 0.468 with a significance of 0.000 (p>0.05), meaning there was a positive association between depression and smartphone application choices with smartphone addiction in students. Thus, it can be concluded that the higher the level of depression experienced, the higher the level of smartphone addiction of students. Then, the choice of smartphone apps displayed a different impact on the level of smartphone addiction. Game applications have fewer percentages of voters compared to social media applications. However, game applications have a bigger influence on students' smartphone addiction.
Kajian Korupsi sebagai Proses Sosial: Melacak Korupsi di Sektor Sumber Daya Alam di Indonesia
Authors: Capri Wigke , Dhian Cahyati Devy , Hasanah Mahesti , Prasongko Dias , Prasetyo Wegik 
Published: June 2021

Corruption action develops way more advance compare to corruption studies in Indonesia. Corruption studies are mostly focusing on institutional corruption or using an institutional approach to understand corruption. This research offers to understand corruption better using actor-based and network approaches. Utilising social network analysis (SNA), researchers unpacking corrupt relational actors in natural resources, especially in oil and gas and forestry in Indonesia.
We collected six important findings; corruption creates dependencies amongst actors; to be corrupt, an actor must have a strong network and resources that can offer and deliver multi-interests. Corrupt action is a repeated action that creates interlocking relations amongst actors. Interlocking relation serves as a safety belt for each chauffeur. Institutionalisation of corrupt networks only requires a strong corrupt network. The institutionalised corrupt networks shape a shortcut both for the private and public sectors-a short cut that makes bribery and exchange permits possible.
Anomali gigi sebagai sarana identifikasi forensik
Authors: Annariswati Icha Artyas , Agitha Shintya Rizki Ayu 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The identification process is very important to determine the identity of the corpse. Identification through teeth is a primary identification method that is often used because teeth have a high degree of individuality. Identification through teeth can be analyzed through dental anomalies. Dental anomalies can assist in the identification process because of their uniqueness, stability, and high incidence in different populations. This paper aims to provide information on the importance of dental anomalies as a relevant and scientific means for identification purposes.
Review: Dental anomalies can be defined as morphological abnormalities of the teeth that occur at the stage of growth and development of teeth. Dental anomalies are also inherited disorders that can occur as part of a syndrome. The wide variety of dental abnormalities in the form of size, number, morphology, structure or position of teeth in the oral cavity that can be possessed by each individual can be a characteristic of that individual.
Conclusion: The use of dental anomalies in identification has been scientifically recognized with proper diagnosis and writing of dental anomalies in the medical record can be used for identification purposes in the forensic field.
La ética profesional de profesores de educación media superior. La visión estudiantil
Authors: Pérez-Castro Judith , Piña Osorio Juan Manuel 
Published: June 2021

Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es analizar las conductas no éticas de los profesores desde las opiniones de un grupo de estudiantes de educación media superior. La perspectiva teórica es la ética profesional docente y, específicamente, distinguimos entre las conductas éticamente cuestionables y éticamente inaceptables. La investigación fue de tipo cualitativo y para el trabajo empírico recurrimos a la estrategia de grupos focales, los cuales se realizaron en tres planteles de la Ciudad de México, de distintas modalidades educativas: un bachillerato general y dos bachilleratos universitarios.
Los grupos focales nos permitieron identificar cinco comportamientos éticamente cuestionables en los profesores: la desactualización de los métodos de enseñanza, la poca capacidad de diálogo, el desinterés por el aprendizaje de los alumnos, la imposición de temas y la indiferencia ante situaciones de violencia. Con respecto a los éticamente inaceptables, los alumnos señalaron tres: el acoso sexual, las actitudes discriminatorias por la situación económica y por la apariencia física.
Prácticas de publicación en campos disciplinares percibidas por investigadores de una universidad pública mexicana
Authors: Méndez-Ochaita Margarita Flor , Carrasco Altamirano Alma , Serrano Acuña Mara 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo revisa la publicación como práctica científica de comunidades disciplinares a través de unestudio empírico y exploratorio con 352 investigadores de una universidad pública estatal mexicana. Se aplicó una encuesta en línea para conocer las percepciones de los investigadores sobre el quehacer científico en sus campos disciplinares. En este trabajo se analizan las respuestas a los ítems relacionados con las prácticas de publicación (seis de un total de 41 ítems del instrumento). El enfoque es cualitativo y lainterpretación se fundamenta en los aportes clásicos de la sociología de la ciencia de Robert Merton sobrela estructura normativa que regula la actividad científica. Los resultados sugieren que entornos institucionales de exigencia para la producción académica en las disciplinas alimentan prácticas científicas variadas. La mayoría de investigadores percibe que en sus campos disciplinares se aprovecha tanto el conocimiento producido localmente como el extranjero, pero en todas las disciplinas hay una parte de la comunidad científica que percibe prácticas que están en tensión con las normas mertonianas, tales como: interesarse más por adquirir fama personal que por ampliar la base de conocimiento, incurrir en plagio, fragmentar de manera intencionada una investigación para construir varias publicaciones, y ejercer el rol de dictaminador anclado a creencias y opiniones personales por encima de valores universales de construcción del conocimiento científico. Esto tiene implicaciones para la formación de los aprendices de científicos que en el nivel de posgrado participan de las prácticas de los especialistas y se están preparando para escribir y publicar géneros textuales especializados como el artículo de investigación.
Lexical Variations in Pakistani English: A Case Study of the Novel Twilight in Delhi
Authors: Sarfraz Maha 
Published: June 2021

The present study investigates the English language variations due to code-switching between L1 (Urdu) and L2 (English). It shows how language varies from culture to culture, religion to religion, and how these variations make language an independent variety. This research also investigates the role of Urdu language in the formation of Pakistani English. It is a corpus-based study. Methodology in the study is both qualitative and quantitative. A mixed approach has been employed. As a sample, a famous postcolonial novel “Twilight in Delhi” by Ahmed Ali has been selected. Analysis shows that the Pakistani native language has an effect on its culture on the English language. This research also investigates various sociolinguistics factors. It shows that the phenomenon of “Borrowing” is frequently used in the novel than compounding and hybridization because of the Islamic religion, historical and societal culture. Edibles are transferred from Urdu into English because they do not have their direct equivalents in English. The results also indicate that the usual use of Urdu words into English at the lexical level is property of Pakistani English and makes it an independent variety.
IMPROVING PERSONALIZED QUESTIONNAIRE WITH REDUNDANCY REDUCTION FOR ADDRESSING COLD USER PROBLEM
Authors: Kabiru Umar , Muhammad Abubakar 
Published: June 2021

User-based and item-based collaborative filtering techniques are among most explored strategies of making products’ recommendations to Users on online shopping platforms. However, a notable weakness of the collaborative filtering techniques is the cold start problem. Which include cold user problem, cold item problem and cold system problem – i.e., the failure of collaborative filtering to make recommendation of products to a new user, failure of an item to be recommended, or combination of the two respectively. Literature investigation has shown that cold user problem could be effectively addressed using technique of personalized questionnaire. Unfortunately, where the products’ database is too large (as in Amazon.com), results obtained from personalized questionnaire technique could contain some user preference uncertainties. This paper presents technique of improving personalized questionnaire with uncertainty reduction technique. In addition, the paper presents classification of product recommendation systems. In this work we will be limited to user-based cold start. Experimentation was conducted using Movielens dataset, where the proposed technique achieved significant performance improvement over personalized questionnaire technique with RMSE, Precision, Recall,1 and NDCG of 0.200, 0.227, 0.261, 0.174 and 0.249
DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS AND METHODS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION DURING THE DESIGN OF A DUST COAL STEAM GENERATOR OF SUPER-SUPER CRITICAL PARAMETERS OF STEAM 28 MPA / 600 °C/600 °C FOR 300 MW ENERGY UNIT. PART 3.
Authors: Rokhman B.B. , Dunayevska N.I. , Vifatnyuk V.G. 
Published: June 2021

In the third part of this article, an attempt is made to expand the range of regulation of the steam generator load from 40% to 100% by injecting recirculating flue gases taken after the water economizer into the middle radiation part of the furnace. For this, verification thermal calculations of the boiler were carried out when burning ДГ-100 coal in a wide range of variation of the recirculation coefficient Krec = 10−20% at loads of 40% and 50% of the nominal. It is shown that: a) at a load of 50%, recirculation of flue gases Krec = 13 % leads to a drop in the steam temperature along the primary path, due to which the maximum wall temperatures of all-welded screens decrease, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of boiler manufacture by reducing the use of expensive austenitic steels by 116.3 t; b) to ensure a live steam temperature of 600 °С at a load of 40%, it is necessary that Krec = 12%. This leads to a rise in the cost of the boiler in comparison with the load of 50% due to the use of steel grade 10X16N16V2MBR in the manufacture of ceiling screens. Bibl. 3, Fig. 17, Tab. 4.
GENERALIZED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PHYSICAL FIELDS OF TECHNOLOGICAL REDISTRIBUTIONS OF MANUFACTURING ELECTROGRAPHITE PRODUCTS
Authors: Leleka S.V. 
Published: June 2021

A generalized mathematical model of the physical fields of the main technological redistributions of electrographite products is developed, which is based on a continuous-discrete approach to the description of nonlinear behavior of solids, liquids and gases, and bulk media. It is shown that the continuous formulation of physical processes in the technology of carbongraphite production is based on the Euler frame of reference and may include the following equations: conservation of mass, momentum and energy, electrical conductivity in the vortex-free approximation of electric potential and transport of chemical components of combustion reactions. The discrete formulation of physical processes in bulk materials used in the technology of production of carbon graphite products is based on the Lagrangian frame of reference and may include the following equations: translational and rotational motion and energy. The application of the generalized mathematical model for construction or refinement of mathematical and numerical models of separate redistributions for performance of the numerical analysis of physical fields and parameters of processes and the equipment on examples of pressing of "green" electrode preparations and theoretical research of effective thermophysical properties of loose carbonaceous materials. On the basis of the developed generalized statement, the complex of separate mathematical models of such redistributions of production of electrographite production as: calcination of carbonaceous materials in electrocalciners, gasification of carbonaceous materials in the equipment of rotary calcination furnaces is also formulated and specified, burning and graphitization of electrographite blanks. Bibl. 40, Fig. 4.
Hubungan Obesitas dan Stress Oksidatif
Authors: Midah Zulfah , Fajriansyah Fajriansyah , Makmun Armanto , Rasfahyana Rasfahyana 
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang: Pada tahun 2016, lebih dari 1,9 miliar manusia dewasa berusia diatas 18 tahun menderita kelebihan berat badan dan >650 juta diantaranya menderita obesitas. Menurut hasil riset kesehatan dasar atau Riskesdas 2018 tingkat obesitas pada orang dewasa di Indonesia meningkat menjadi 21,8 persen. Prevalensi ini meningkat dari hasil Riskesdas 2013 yang menyebut bahwa angka obesitas di Indonesia hanya mencapai 14,8 persen.
Hasil: Obesitas dapat menimbukan keadaan yang dinamakan stres oksidatif yaitu merupakan keadaan dimana terjadi peningkatan radikal bebas yang tidak diimbangi oleh peningkatan antioksidan di dalam tubuh. Terdapat beberapa kondisi pada obesitas yang dapat memicu stress oksidatif, diantaranya: Hiperglikemik, hiperlipidemia, chronic low grade inflammation, hiperleptinemia, peningkatan aktifitas otot, dan disfungsi endotelial.
Kesimpulan: Stres oksidatif pada obesitas menyebabkan kerusakan sel yang memegang peranan penting dalam pathogenesis penyakit-penyakit degeneratif seperti hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, kanker, dan proses penuaan