bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Problematika Guru dalam Pembelajaran Daring pada Pembelajaran Tematik di SD/MI
Authors: Nila Nila , Abdiyah Lathifah , Prasojo Agus Dwi 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to explain the problems of online learning for teachers in improving thematic learning in SD/MI during online learning. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method. Based on the object of study, this research is a literary research or library research. Library research is a research conducted by collecting data, information, and various other data contained in the library. Sources of data used in this study are books, journals, articles, and other scientific works that are relevant to the object of study in this study. The results of the study show that the problems of online learning have an impact on teachers and explain online learning in thematic learning and its problems.
ANALISIS PROFITABILITAS PERBANKAN KONVENSIONAL PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Pridya Aurel , Takarini Nurjanti , Wikartika Ira 
Published: September 2021

Profitabilitas merupakan rasio yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan suatu perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba selama periode tertentu. Perubahan profitabilitas pada umumnya dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu: permodalan, kualitas aset, rentabilitas, dan likuiditas. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengatahui apakah permodalan, kualitas aset, rentabilitas, dan likuiditas dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap profitabilitas bagi perbankan konvensional yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah bank umum konvensional yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia, dengan teknik purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel, sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 40 bank umum konvensional. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder dan bersifat kuantitafif, dengan sumber data berupa laporan tahunan bank umum konvensional periode 2017-2019 yang dapat diakses melalui website Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dalam teknik pengumpulan datanya. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permodalan dan rentabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, sedangkan kualitas aset dan likuiditas tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas.
Kata Kunci: Permodalan; Kualitas Aset; Rentabilitas; Likuiditas; Profitabilitas.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK KOPI DAN TERHADAP BRAND IMAGE 45 GRAHA COFFEE SHOP SIDOARJO
Authors: Roosandianto Permadi Ludy 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari Kualitas Produk minuman Kopi Dan Experiential Marketing terhadap Brand Image 45 Graha Coffee Shop yang berlokasi di Sidoarjo. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 115 responden dengan metode pengambilan sampling menggunakan Non-Probability Sampling, Penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan metode purposive sampling dengan beberapa kriteria yang ditentukan. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden yaitu konsumen yang berkunjung dan menikmati minuman kopi di 45 Graha Coffee Shop. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu Uji Validitas, Uji Reabilitas dan Uji Hipotesis dengan menggunakan aplikasi Partial least squares (PLS). Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara signifikan yaitu: Variabel 1) Kualitas Produk (X1) memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap Variabel Brand Image (Y). 2) Variabel Experiential Marketing (X2) memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap Variabel Brand Image (Y) pada 45 Graha Coffee Shop yang berlokasi di Sidoarjo.
Kata Kunci: Kualitas Produk ; Experiential Marketing; Brand Image Image.
Los Limites Jur�dicos a las Reformas al Estatuto de la Comisi�n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH)
Authors: Garavito Cesar Rodr�guez , S�nchez Camilo 
Published: September 2021

Actualmente el Consejo Permanente de la Organizaci�n de los Estados Americanos (OEA) debate una serie de propuestas de modificaci�n a las competencias de la Comisi�n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH). En este documento se analiza cu�l es el foro m�s apropiado, el procedimiento adecuado y el �rgano competente para tomar dichas determinaciones. Particularmente, se analiza la tesis que sostiene que la Asamblea General de la OEA tiene competencia plena para reformar el Estatuto actual de la CIDH sin su participaci�n o incluso en contradicci�n con esta.
El presente documento controvierte esta tesis a partir de un an�lisis jur�dico exhaustivo de la Convenci�n Americana sobre Derechos Humanos y del Estatuto actual de la CIDH. Recurriendo a distintos elementos hermen�uticos generales como el an�lisis literal, teleol�gico e hist�rico de los instrumentos mencionados, el documento concluye que una reforma al Estatuto solo puede ser adelantada tras la iniciativa de la CIDH, como requisito previo para ser debatida y decidida por los Estados miembros en el seno de la Asamblea General de la OEA.
A la misma conclusi�n llega el documento tras analizar la cuesti�n aplicando las reglas generales de interpretaci�n del derecho internacional establecidas en la Convenci�n de Viena sobre el Derecho de los Tratados, en particular la regla de la interpretaci�n conforme al objeto y fin del tratado. A su vez, el texto confirma esta interpretaci�n acudiendo al estudio de los debates realizados en la Conferencia Interamericana Especializada de derechos Humanos de 1969 y a la pr�ctica que hasta la fecha se ha seguido respecto de las reformas al Estatuto vigente.
WRONGFUL LIFE/BIRTH: EL PROBLEMA DE DECIDIR QU� VIDAS MERECEN LA PENA SER VIVIDAS
Authors: Basset Ursula Cristina 
Published: September 2021

RESUMEN: A prop�sito de un reciente fallo del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, que admite una demanda de da�os y perjuicios del tipo �wrongful birth� contra Polonia, por una madre que por negligencia en el deber de informar del m�dico no pudo obtener oportunamente el aborto de su hija con s�ndrome de Turner. Al respecto, analizamos el marco de autonom�a del acto m�dico y su valoraci�n jur�dica, el diagn�stico prenatal como un acto jur�dico complejo y su calificaci�n, los riesgos de discriminaci�n gen�tica, la relaci�n entre vida y calidad de vida como bienes jur�dicos tutelados, y la colisi�n entre derechos de autonom�a, derechos de la mujer y derechos de la ni�ez (�principio de autonom�a y principio de beneficencia para la madre y para el hijo?). Como corolario se examina problem�ticamente la ascendencia de nuevas teor�as acerca de la conveniencia jur�dica y bio�tica de sostener la vida humana en circunstancias que no son �ptimas, de la definici�n de persona, de ser humano, y la operabilidad de la condici�n humana.
Palabras-clave: Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, derechos de autonom�a, bio�tica, derechos de la mujer, derechos de la ni�ez.
O MARCO CIVIL DA INTERNET NO BRASIL: DIREITOS, DEVERES E PROGRAMAS
Authors: Mendes Marcelo Doval 
Published: September 2021

O artigo objetiva analisar a Lei n� 12.965/2014, que disciplinou o uso da Internet no Brasil. Com base na interpreta��o de seus dispositivos, na revis�o da literatura e na observa��o da jurisprud�ncia, o estudo centra-se em tr�s aspectos do denominado marco civil da Internet: os direitos garantidos, os deveres institu�dos e os programas almejados. Quanto aos direitos, o foco est� nos usu�rios, tra�ando um panorama geral e abordando especificamente as d�vidas quanto � inviolabilidade das comunica��es via Internet face �s disposi��es constitucionais pertinentes. Quanto aos deveres, os objetos s�o a manuten��o dos registros pelos servidores e sua responsabiliza��o civil, estabelecendo-se compara��o com o quadro jurisprudencial anterior ao diploma legal. Finalmente, quanto aos programas, o cerne da discuss�o � o desejado sopesamento legislativo de princ�pios constitucionais, com o debate sobre a preval�ncia da liberdade de express�o. Na conclus�o, destacam-se a boa hora em que veio a legisla��o e sua feitura no melhor espa�o para regula��es desse tipo, o Parlamento. Sem preju�zo, s�o apresentadas as preocupa��es quanto a poss�veis restri��es de direitos, quanto a formas de fiscaliza��o do cumprimento dos deveres e quanto � necess�ria densifica��o de conte�dos das normas ainda abertas do diploma.
Palavras-chave: Internet. Marco civil. Brasil

Abstract: The article analyzes the Law No. 12.965/2014, which regulates the use of the Internet in Brazil. Based on the interpretation of its provisions, the literature review, and observation of jurisprudence, the study focuses on three aspects of the called civil rights framework for Internet: guaranteed rights, imposed obligations and targeted programs. With regard to rights, the focus is on users, tracing an overview and specifically addressing questions concerning the inviolability of Internet communications under the related constitutional provisions. With respect to obligations, the objects are the maintenance of records by servers and their civil liability, comparing the new law and the previous jurisprudential framework. Finally, regarding the programs, the core of the discussion is the desired legislative assessment of constitutional principles, paying attention to the debate over the prevalence of freedom of expression. In conclusion, the highlights are the good time of the legislation and the fact that it was made in the best space for such regulations, the Parliament. Notwithstanding, the article presents concerns about possible restrictions of rights, forms of the enforcement of obligations and required densification of the contents of the law.
Keywords: Internet. Civil Rights Framework. Brazil.
O PAPEL DA FAM�LIA NA EDUCA��O PARA O USO DA INTERNET: PROTE��O � CRIAN�A E AO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Andrade Santos Mirian 
Published: September 2021

O acesso a internet teve reconhecimento como sendo essencial ao exerc�cio da cidadania, assim cada vez mais as pessoas est�o em contato com esta ferramenta para variadas finalidades, tais como: aprimoramento intelectual, manten�a de rela��es intersubjetivas, comunica��o, distra��o, entre outras. Neste artigo pretendemos abordar a import�ncia da fam�lia no processo educativo como instrumento eficaz para prote��o da crian�a e o adolescente no uso internet, por meio da regulamenta��o, fiscaliza��o e orienta��o por parte dos pais do conte�do que seus filhos acessam na internet. Busca-se demonstrar a responsabilidade dos pais em conjunto com a sociedade e o Estado para fins de resguardar a exposi��o, o direito � privacidade, bem como para evitar a ocorr�ncia de crimes sexuais cometidos contra a crian�a e o adolescente na internet, que por vezes, em havendo sua ocorr�ncia, pode afetar e criar danos irrepar�veis ao desenvolvimento saud�vel destes.
Palavras-Chave: Privacidade. Internet. Educa��o. Fam�lia. Crimes sexuais.

ABSTRACT
The internet access was recognized as being essential to the exercise of citizenship and increasingly people are in contact with this tool for different purposes, such as: intellectual improvement, maintenance of interpersonal relations, communication, distraction, among others. This article aims to address the importance of the family in the educational process as an effective tool for the protection of children and adolescents use the internet, through regulation, supervision and guidance by the parents of the content their children access on the internet. Seeks to demonstrate the responsibility of parents together with society and the state for the purpose of protecting the exposure, the right to privacy and to prevent the occurrence of sexual crimes committed against children and teenagers on the Internet, which sometimes , upon its occurrence, can affect and create irreparable damage to the healthy development of these.
Keywords: Privacy. Internet. Education. Family. Sexual crimes.
BUSINESS AND THE POLITICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS: The Protection of Human Rights Defenders by State and Business as an Opportunity to Build Up a Democratic Society in Brazil
Authors: Terto Neto Ulisses 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper considers the interplay of international law, politics and national law in the protection of human rights defenders (HRDs) that are challenging businesses practices in Brazil. It argues that the Brazilian State and transnational and domestic businesses have a responsibility to protect HRDs and should adopt robust means of doing this, embracing their work as opportunity rather than a threat in building up a democratic society. To demonstrate the validity of this claim, this paper highlights the role of HRDs in promoting corporate responsibility and in exposing and remedying the adverse human rights (HR) impacts of business in Brazil. It further explains how HRDs working on issues of corporate responsibility and accountability are under threats and attacks from both state and non-state actors as a result of their work. The paper then analyses some of the responses from the organized civil society, business, and the Brazilian State in order to tackle violence against HRDs. The paper considers that the relationship between business and the Brazilian State is dialectical and complementary and, as such, should be arbitrated by the international HR system. In this process, the paper calls for a binding instrument to regulate the activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises to be adopted at the UN level and argues that it could potentially influence the rhetoric and practices in the politics of HR in Brazil. The final section provides an explanation for how the Brazilian State and transnational and national businesses should protect HRDs.

Keywords:	Business. Human Rights. Human Rights Defenders.
Sobre o direito fundamental de acesso � Justi�a
Authors: Tesheiner Jos� Maria 
Published: September 2021

Trata-se, neste ensaio, do direito fundamental de acesso � justi�a, com destaque para as restri��es decorrentes do monop�lio do jus postulandi outorgado aos advogados; da institui��o das Comiss�es Pr�vias de Concilia��o, pela Lei 9.958/2000, e da arbitragem, especialmente quando decorrente de mera cl�usula compromiss�ria. Examina-se,
por fim, a possibilidade de atribuir-se � senten�a proferida nas a��es coletivas relativas a direitos individuais homog�neos, efic�cia pr� e contra.
The Mean Overabundance of Manganese over the Surface of 21 Com from its Midultraviolet Spectra Recorded by IUE
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The coaddition of 21 mid ultraviolet spectra of 21 Com taken over the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) mission reveals three strong lines of Mn ii at 2576.10, 2593.72 and 2605.68 Å. The synthesis of these lines consistently yields a sizable overabundance of manganese about 10 times the solar manganese abundance. Inspection of the 10 individual spectra taken over the 24 hr monitoring of 21 Com with IUE on 1991 April 17 does not reveal convincing variations of these lines between rotational phases 0.18 and 0.65 of the 2 days period.
The Role of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in the Duration of the Third Stage of Delivery and the Amount of Blood Loss in the Fourth Stage in Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Lumbanraja Sarma , Marpaung Wardy Susanto , Ichsan Teuku Mohammad , Adenin Ichwanul , Simanjuntak Roy Yustin 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To determine the effect of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF) in the third stage of labor and the amount of blood loss in the forth stage of delivery.
Methods: An experimental study comparing the duration of 3rd stage and the amount of blood loss in 4th stage in Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF), oxytocin administration, and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IBF) given oxytocin at spontaneous vaginal delivery in delivery room of H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Sundari Hospital and Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital starting from March 2019 until the minimum sample was met.
Results: The data analysis results of the comparison of duration demonstrated p-value of 0.001The comparison among groups with post hoc analysis showed a meaningful comparison in this analysis with p value of 0.001, while duration of the3rd stage in group B compared to group C statistically did not show any significant difference with p value of 1.00. The mean of amount of blood loss among groups A, B, and C respectively were 139 ± 11.8, 141.8 ± 12.4 and 132.1 ± 14.4 with p value 0.048.
Conclusions: It is concluded that the amount of blood loss in the fourth stage among the groups was not significantly different in each group. Comparisons of the amount of bleeding in group A vs. B, A vs. C and B vs. C are indicated by the p value of each group i.e. 1.0; 0184 and 0.059.
Estimating the Completeness of Preserved Collections in Representing Global Biodiversity
Authors: Huybrechts Pieter , Trekels Maarten , Groom Quentin 
Published: September 2021

There are an estimated 8.7 million eukaryotic species globally and knowledge of those organisms is organised about their scientific names and the specimens we have of those species (Sweetlove 2011, Mora et al. 2011). Likewise there are between 1.2 and 2.1 billion (109) specimens held in biodiversity collections globally (Ariño 2010). These collections constitute an infrastructure and scientific tool to understand, catalogue and study biodiversity. Yet we find it hard to answer the simple question, how many species are in a collection? This is not trivial to answer, collections are not completely inventoried, do not use the same taxonomy, and the volume of data is vast (Samy et al. 2013, Ariño 2010). We have developed a method that allows us to take a list of collections and to estimate the species richness contained within them. By doing this we will have a deeper insight into the scientific value of the world's biodiversity collections.
Dealing with non-homogeneous and non-random, but incomplete, sampling of sites is a common issue that occurs in many ecological studies (Magurran and McGill 2011, Colwell et al. 2012, Gotelli and Colwell 2001). By using techniques and toolboxes, such as iNEXT (Chao et al. 2014b) and vegan (Oksanen et al. 2020) we can estimate species richness under these conditions. In the case of collections we consider not only the digitized and published proportion of preserved collections, but make extrapolations to the specimens that have not made their way to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) yet.
Nevertheless, to calculate on such large datasets we need to employ innovative Big Data analytic tools. GBIF contains 1.8 billion observations that amount to 120 GB of data compressed. This can then be interrogated in the cloud or locally using tools such as Galaxy, which has made it possible to process large numbers of records in a single batch. We can now evaluate the biodiversity within collections, and divide the result by taxon and geographical region, and compare them to one another.
Ultimately, this work will allow individual collections and consortia to evaluate their coverage of biodiversity and help them better target their collecting strategies.
Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization
Authors: Seltmann Katja , Allen Julie , Brown Brian , Carper Adrian , Engel Michael , Franz Nico , Gilbert Edward , Grinter Chris , Gonzalez Victor , Horsley Pam , Lee Sangmi , Maier Crystal , Miko Istvan , Morris Paul , Oboyski Peter , Pierce Naomi , Poelen Jorrit , Scott Virginia , Smith Mark , Talamas Elijah , Tsutsui Neil , Tucker Erika 
Published: September 2021

While bees are critical to sustaining a large proportion of global food production, as well as pollinating both wild and cultivated plants, they are decreasing in both numbers and diversity. Our understanding of the factors driving these declines is limited, in part, because we lack sufficient data on the distribution of bee species to predict changes in their geographic range under climate change scenarios. Additionally lacking is adequate data on the behavioral and anatomical traits that may make bees either vulnerable or resilient to human-induced environmental changes, such as habitat loss and climate change. Fortunately, a wealth of associated attributes can be extracted from the specimens deposited in natural history collections for over 100 years.
Extending Anthophila Research Through Image and Trait Digitization (Big-Bee) is a newly funded US National Science Foundation Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections project. Over the course of three years, we will create over one million high-resolution 2D and 3D images of bee specimens (Fig. 1), representing over 5,000 worldwide bee species, including most of the major pollinating species. We will also develop tools to measure bee traits from images and generate comprehensive bee trait and image datasets to measure changes through time. The Big-Bee network of participating institutions includes 13 US institutions (Fig. 2) and partnerships with US government agencies. We will develop novel mechanisms for sharing image datasets and datasets of bee traits that will be available through an open, Symbiota-Light (Gilbert et al. 2020) data portal called the Bee Library. In addition, biotic interaction and species association data will be shared via Global Biotic Interactions (Poelen et al. 2014). The Big-Bee project will engage the public in research through community science via crowdsourcing trait measurements and data transcription from images using Notes from Nature (Hill et al. 2012). Training and professional development for natural history collection staff, researchers, and university students in data science will be provided through the creation and implementation of workshops focusing on bee traits and species identification. We are also planning a short, artistic college radio segment called "the Buzz" to get people excited about bees, biodiversity, and the wonders of our natural world.
Antiamnestic effect of new nicotinic acid derivatives
Authors: Yasnetsov Victor V. , Kaurova Diana E. , Skachilova Sofia Ya. , Bersenev Evgeniy Yu. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The search for new drugs for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive disorders continues to be a relevant task of pharmacology. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the antiamnestic effect of five new nicotinic acid derivatives in comparison with the well-known drug mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in animals.
Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on white male mice using conditioned passive avoidance reflex (CPAR). Electroconvulsive shock (ECS), scopolamine administration, and acute hypoxia in a hermetic chamber were used as amnesic effects. Testing for the safety of CPAR was performed 24 h after amnesic exposure. The new substances, reference drug mexidol, and a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (control group) were administered once intraperitoneally 60 min before mice training.
Results and discussion: Three of the five new nicotinic acid derivatives, LKhT 4-19 (100 mg/kg), LKhT 6-19 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and LKhT 7-19 (100 mg/kg), have antiamnestic properties on models of amnesia in mice induced by ESC, scopolamine, and acute hypoxia in a hermetic chamber. At the same time, the most efficient substance – LKhT 6-19 – exceeds the reference drug mexidol on all three models used. In addition, this compound is also more efficient than two other new compounds, LKhT 4-19 and LKhT 7-19, on the model of ESC-induced amnesia and LKhT 7-19 on the scopolamine-induced amnesia model.
Conclusion: Compound LKhT 6-19 is promising for further advanced preclinical studies as a potential drug with antiamnestic activity.