bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration, coincidence detection and resonance in networks of spiking neurons expressing gamma oscillations and asynchronous states
Authors: Susin Eduarda , Destexhe Alain 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGamma oscillations are widely seen in the awake and sleeping cerebral cortex, but the exact role of these oscillations is still debated. Here, we used biophysical models to examine how gamma oscillations may participate to the processing of afferent stimuli. We constructed conductance-based network models of gamma oscillations, based on different cell types found in cerebral cortex. The models were adjusted to extracellular unit recordings in humans, where gamma oscillations always coexist with the asynchronous firing mode. We considered three different mechanisms to generate gamma, first a mechanism based on the interaction between pyramidal neurons and interneurons (PING), second a mechanism in which gamma is generated in interneuron networks (ING) and third, a mechanism which relies on gamma oscillations generated by pacemakerchatteringneurons (CHING). We find that all three mechanisms generate features consistent with human recordings, but that the ING mechanism is most consistent with the firing rate change inside Gamma bursts seen in the human data. We next evaluated the responsiveness and resonant properties of these networks, contrasting gamma oscillations with the asynchronous mode. We find that for both slowly-varying stimuli and precisely-timed stimuli, the responsiveness is generally lower during Gamma compared to asynchronous states, while resonant properties are similar around the Gamma band. We could not find conditions where Gamma oscillations were more responsive. We therefore predict that asynchronous states provide the highest responsiveness to external stimuli, while Gamma oscillations tend to overall diminish responsiveness.Author summaryIn the awake and attentive brain, the activity of neurons is typically asynchronous and irregular. It also occasionally displays oscillations in the Gamma frequency range (30-90 Hz), which are believed to be involved in information processing. Here, we use computational models to investigate how brain circuits generate oscillations in a manner consistent with microelectrode recordings in humans. We then study how these networks respond to external input, comparing asynchronous and oscillatory states. This is tested according to several paradigms, anintegrative mode, where slowly varying inputs are progressively integrated, acoincidence detection mode, where brief inputs are processed according to the phase of the oscillations, and aresonance modewhere the network is probed with oscillatory inputs. Surprisingly, we find that in all cases, the presence of Gamma oscillations tends to diminish the responsiveness to external inputs, and we found no paradigm by which Gamma oscillations would favor information flow compared to asynchronous states. We discuss possible implications of this responsiveness decrease on information processing and propose new directions for further exploration.
Potential role ofAphidius erviin protecting greenhouse bell pepper cultures fromMyzus persicaeaphids in India
Authors: Farhat Ambika , Dharmadhrt Ramila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany aphids such asMyzus persicaeare major agricultural pest against which sustainable solutions must be developed. In the present study, we evaluated the role ofAphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an aphid parasitoid, to controlM. persicaein bell pepper cultures in greenhouses. Parasitoids were released at one occasion in a greenhouse and M. persicae infested plants were followed before and after parasitoid introduction. We evaluated aphid numbers and parasitism rates at two different controlled temperatures (22°C and 25°C), and we measured diapause levels in released parasitoids.Aphidius ervishowed parasitism rates of 10.9±1.2% and 9.1±1.6%, at 21 and 25°C, respectively. The strain of parasitoids we used was not entering diapause under any temperature condition. Therefore, we suggest thatA. ervican be further investigated as a protection in greenhouse environments in India. More releases may be necessary to achieve a good protection.
Mathematical modeling of the production of magnetic nanoparticles through counter-flow non-premixed combustion for biomedical applications
Authors: Akbari Shahin , Hasanvand Nima , Sadeghi Sadegh , Bidabadi Mehdi , Xiong Qingang 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The widespread usage of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) requires their efficient synthesis during combustion process. This study aims to present a mathematical model for the oxidation of MNPs in a counter-flow non-premixed combustion system to produce MNPs, where the key sub-processes during the oxidation reaction are involved.

Design/methodology/approach
To accurately describe structure of flame and determine distributions of temperature and mass fractions of both reactants and products, equations of energy and mass conservations were solved based on the prevailing assumptions that three regions, i.e. preheating, reaction and oxidizer zones exist.

Findings
The numerical simulation was first validated against experimental data and characteristics of the combustion process are discussed. Eventually, the influences of crucial parameters such as reactant Lewis numbers, strain rate ratio, particle size, inert gas and thermophoretic force on structure of flame and combustion behavior were examined. The results show that maximum flame temperature can achieve 2,205 K. Replacing nitrogen with argon and helium as carrier gases can increase flame temperature by about 27% and 34%, respectively. Additionally, maximum absolute thermophoretic force was found at approximately 9.6 × 10–8 N.

Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first time to numerically model the preparation of MNPs in a counter-flow non-premixed combustion configuration, which can guide large-scale experimental work in a more effective way.
“Waste not, want not”: fostering frugality amongst Muslim tourists in the Malaysian hotel industry
Authors: Bt Mohamed Sadom Nur Zulaikha , Quoquab Farzana , Mohammad Jihad 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The prevailing overconsumption issue in the hotel industry is attributable mainly to the irresponsible consumption behaviour of hotel guests. In parallel with Islamic principles, which advocate abstinence from excess consumption and frugality, the “waste not, want not” notion can be considered as one of the effective solutions to this problem. However, little is known about the factors that drive frugality amongst Muslim tourists. In addressing this gap, this study aims to predict the effect of environmental advertising and green attitude on frugality in the context of the Malaysian hotel industry. The study also tests the mediating role of the green attitude between environmental advertising and frugality. Furthermore, it examines the role of price consciousness as a moderator of the green attitude-frugality link.

Design/methodology/approach
The stimulus-organism-response theory was used to develop the conceptual framework of this study. A cross-sectional method was used to collect 222 usable questionnaires from Muslim tourists in Malaysia. The hypothesised relationships were tested using the structural equation modelling, partial least squares approach.

Findings
The study found support for the direct effect of environmental advertising and green attitude on frugality. It also confirmed the mediating effect of the green attitude in the environmental advertising-frugality link. However, price consciousness did not moderate the relationship.

Practical implications
The findings of the study provide valuable insight for hoteliers in developing a green strategy that will foster frugality amongst Muslim hotel guests. It will also help them develop better strategies for the frugal segment, especially for the Muslim community.

Originality/value
The study is amongst the pioneers in investigating frugality in the tourism industry. It is also the first to introduce price consciousness as a moderator of the relationship between the green attitude and frugality. Furthermore, its examination of frugality amongst Muslim hotel guests is a new contribution to the literature.
The impact of blacklists on external deposits: one size does not fit all
Authors: Jonsson Michael , Pettersson Jan , Larson Christian Nils , Artzi Nir 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to measure the impact of the Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and US PATRIOT Act Section 311 blacklists on external deposits from blacklisted jurisdictions into BIS reporting countries in 1996–2008, a period when anti-money laundering-related actions were consistently less stringent than post-2010, to see whether they had an effect even absent the threat of sizable financial fines.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate regressions to analyze the probable impact from blacklists on non-bank external deposits. The country sample is divided into offshore financial centers (OFCs) and non-OFCs and includes 158 non-listed countries. The impact of the blacklists is tested both jointly and individually for the respective blacklists.

Findings
The authors find mixed impact from jurisdictions being blacklisted on the growth rate of stocks of deposits into BIS reporting countries. Effects are often zero, negative in several cases and positive in some cases. This is consistent with the “stigma effect” and the “stigma paradox” in the literature. An overall impact from blacklisting is difficult to discern. Different blacklists had different effects, and the same blacklist impacted countries differently, illustrating the importance of disaggregating the analysis by individual countries.

Research limitations/implications
Interpretation of these data is limited by the absence of comparable data on non-resident deposits in blacklisted jurisdictions.

Practical implications
The impact of a blacklist depends in part on the structure of the listed jurisdictions’ economies, implying that country-specific sanctions may be more effective than blacklists.

Originality/value
This is one of the very few papers to date to rigorously test the impact of blacklists on external deposits.
Anxiety, isolation and diminishing resources: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on residential care home facilities for older people in south-east Nigeria
Authors: Ekoh Prince Chiagozie 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Institutionalized older adults in care homes and long-care facilities have been identified as being at greater risk of COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality. Thus, this paper aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on care homes in south-east Nigeria given the recent increasing popularity of care homes in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted qualitative research method, and data was collected from 10 older residents and 5 caregivers using interviews from two care homes, while ensuring the safety of the researcher and participants. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings
Findings revealed that the physical health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is not a major problem in the homes. However, fear and anxiety, social disconnection and economic hardship were the major problems identified by the older residents and caregivers in the homes.

Originality/value
The popularity of care homes in Nigeria is growing as family structures continue to change. However, previous studies which have revealed devastating effect of COVID-19 on institutionalized older adults have been from the global north. This is the first study designed to bridge the gap in literature and contribute to knowledge on this topic from Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Australian rural community aged care services: Precarity and capacity
Authors: Savy Pauline , Hodgkin Suzanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Australia, the precarity of the aged care sector has been well documented over several decades. During this time, policy reforms have ultimately landed care, and the business of providing it, within a market model. Following recent evidence produced by the Royal Commission into Aged Care and Safety and the COVID‐19 Senate Committee, this model and the sector's incapacity to consistently deliver appropriate care has been the subject of intense public scrutiny and debate. The many COVID‐19‐related deaths of aged care residents have added to demands for urgent action to redress the sector's weaknesses, particularly those relating to workforce adequacy. This paper presents findings from a recent mixed methods study of community aged care provision by five providers who operate across a large rural part of regional Victoria. It utilises data to illustrate the impact of rural location on care provision, and significantly, on local capacity to maintain an appropriately skilled workforce. Demographic factors and funding shortfalls for consumers with multiple, complex care needs underscore the need for strategic planning to ensure workforce adequacy into the future. Encouragingly, our data showcase the many capacities of community aged services in this rural area and the opportunity to develop effective strategies relative to the recruitment and retention of direct care workers and the design of best practice models for meeting complex care needs.
Haley v Haley: Family Law Arbitration and the New Frontier of Private Ordering
Authors: Heenan Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHaley v Haley is required reading for anyone interested in family law dispute resolution or issues of access to justice. The case concerns family arbitration and, importantly, changes the test for challenging arbitral awards, making it easier to do so. This is connected to concerns about making arbitration more appealing in the family law context, which has implications for family law dispute resolution more broadly. Whilst separating couples have always been encouraged to settle outside of the court process, connected to an idea of private ordering, Haley marks a new frontier. Until now private ordering was also intended to ensure substantively better outcomes. This is no longer the case, and the attempt to divert more cases to arbitration in this judgment may compound existing issues of access to justice.
Primary and secondary effects of social origins on educational attainment: New findings for England
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Goldthorpe John H. , Zhao Yizhang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe aim to bring together two current strands of research into inequalities in individuals’ educational attainment that are associated with their social origins: that concerned with the “primary” and “secondary” effects of social origins in creating inequalities, and that concerned with the relation between these inequalities and different components of social origins, taken to represent different forms of parental resources. Our main findings are the following. The secondary effects of social origins—their effects via the educational choices that young people make given their prior academic performance—are clearly operative across five key educational transitions within the English educational system. More specifically, we estimate that 35% of the total effect of social origins is secondary in the earliest transition that we consider, and from 15% to 20% in the subsequent four. Furthermore, mediation analyses reveal that secondary effects are most strongly associated with parental education and then, to a lesser degree with parental status, while little association exists with parental class and none at all with parental income. Primary effects are also at all transitions most strongly associated with parental education and status but in this case both parental class and parental income do retain some importance. We suggest an explanation for our empirical findings as resulting largely from the concern of highly educated, professional parents, and their children to avoid the occurrence of downward intergenerational mobility, especially in terms of education and status.
African nightshades (Solanum nigrum complex): The potential contribution to human nutrition and livelihoods in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Sangija Frank , Martin Haikael , Matemu Athanasia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAchieving zero hunger in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) without minimizing postharvest losses of agricultural products is impossible. Therefore, a holistic approach is vital to end hunger, simultaneously improving food security, diversity, and livelihoods. This review focuses on the African nightshades (ANS) Solanum spp. contribution to improving food and nutrition security in SSA. Different parts of ANS are utilized as food and medicine; however, pests and diseases hinder ANS utilization. African nightshade is rich in micronutrients such as β‐carotene, vitamins C and E, minerals (iron, calcium, and zinc), and dietary fiber. The leaves contain a high amount of nutrients than the berries. Proper utilization of ANS can contribute to ending hidden hunger, mainly in children and pregnant women. Literature shows that ANS contains antinutritional factors such as oxalate, phytate, nitrate, and alkaloids; however, their quantities are low to cause potential health effects. Several improved varieties with high yields, rich in nutrients, and low alkaloids have been developed in SSA. Various processing and preservation techniques such as cooking, drying, and fermentation are feasible techniques for value addition on ANS in SSA; moreover, most societies are yet to adopt them effectively. Furthermore, promoting value addition and commercialization of ANS is of importance and can create more jobs. Therefore, this review provides an overview of ANS production and challenges that hinder their utilization, possible solutions, and future research suggestions. This review concludes that ANS is an essential nutritious leafy vegetable for improving nutrition and livelihoods in SSA.
Phages and their lysins: Toolkits in the battle against foodborne pathogens in the postantibiotic era
Authors: Huang Zhenhua , Zhang Zhaohuan , Tong Jinrong , Malakar Pradeep K. , Chen Liangbiao , Liu Haiquan , Pan Yingjie , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWorldwide, foods waste caused by putrefactive organisms and diseases caused by foodborne pathogens persist as public health problems even with a plethora of modern antimicrobials. Our over reliance on antimicrobials use in agriculture, medicine, and other fields will lead to a postantibiotic era where bacterial genotypic resistance, phenotypic adaptation, and other bacterial evolutionary strategies cause antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This AMR is evidenced by the emergence of multiple drug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria and pan‐resistant (PDR) bacteria, which produces cross‐contamination in multiple fields and poses a more serious threat to food safety. A “red queen premise” surmises that the coevolution of phages and bacteria results in an evolutionary arms race that compels phages to adapt and survive bacterial antiphage strategies. Phages and their lysins are therefore useful toolkits in the design of novel antimicrobials in food protection and foodborne pathogens control, and the modality of using phages as a targeted vector against foodborne pathogens is gaining momentum based on many encouraging research outcomes. In this review, we discuss the rationale of using phages and their lysins as weapons against spoilage organisms and foodborne pathogens, and outline the targeted conquest or dodge mechanism of phages and the development of novel phage prospects. We also highlight the implementation of phages and their lysins to control foodborne pathogens in a farm–table–hospital domain in the postantibiotic era.
Bovine γ‐globulin, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase are relevant bovine milk allergens in patients with α‐Gal syndrome
Authors: Perusko Marija , Apostolovic Danijela , Kiewiet Mensiena Berentje Geertje , Grundström Jeanette , Hamsten Carl , Starkhammar Maria , Cirkovic Velickovic Tanja , van Hage Marianne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMammalian meat is the most common trigger of the allergic reactions in patients with α‐Gal syndrome (AGS). Milk and dairy, although less often, also cause a significant number of allergic manifestations. The aim of this study was to identify α‐Gal‐containing bovine milk proteins with allergenic properties among AGS patients.MethodsThirty‐eight AGS patients with IgE to milk were included in the study. Milk proteins were analyzed for the presence of α‐Gal and for binding by patients’ IgE using immunoblot, ImmunoCAP, and inhibition ELISA. Allergenicity of milk and milk proteins was assessed by basophil activation test.ResultsMore than half of the AGS patients reported allergic reactions to milk or dairy products. Bovine γ‐globulin (BGG), lactoferrin (LF), and lactoperoxidase (LPO) were identified as α‐Gal carrying proteins which were recognized by AGS patients’ IgE. Whey mirrored the anti‐α‐Gal and IgE reactivity of BGG, LF, and LPO. Eighty‐nine percent of the patients displayed IgE to BGG, 91% to LF, and 57% to LPO. Inhibition of α‐Gal‐specific IgE binding was achieved by BGG, LF, LPO, and whey. These proteins also activated AGS patients’ basophils. Interestingly, at lower concentrations, LF was the most potent inhibitor of IgE binding, and the most potent activator of basophils.ConclusionBGG, LF, and LPO were all found to be relevant milk α‐Gal‐containing glycoproteins that bound AGS patients’ IgE antibodies and activated their basophils. These proteins are probably involved in the allergic reactions to milk in AGS patients. LPO was for the first time shown to be an allergen.
Thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique for long‐gap esophageal atresia
Authors: Ieiri Satoshi , Kai Hiroki , Hirose Ryuichiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLong‐gap esophageal atresia (EA) remains a challenging operative procedure. Several techniques have been reported to resolve the problem of distance between the proximal and distal esophagus. We report a thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique for long‐gap EA. A female neonate was born at 39 weeks of gestation with long‐gap EA (five vertebrae). The patient underwent thoracoscopic esophageal anastomosis after esophageal elongation. Careful dissection of the proximal and distal esophagus was performed; however, the distance between them was still long. Extra‐thoracic traction sutures were placed at the upper esophagus. Then, a Neraton catheter was inserted trans‐orally and the upper esophagus was pushed and opened. An internal traction suture was placed between the Neraton catheter and lower esophagus. The gap between the proximal and distal esophagus could be approximated by pulling the Neraton catheter. Esophageal anastomosis was performed successfully. Our thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique was simple and useful.