bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Synthesized Novel Benzoxazole
Derivatives
Authors: Patil Mansi L. , Gaikwad Swati S. , Gaikwad Naresh J. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Pain is an immunological response to any infection or inflammation and long term use of pain management therapy includes use of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which is associated with occurrence of toxicity as well as gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, the investigation of new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents remains a major challenge.

Aims:
The objective of this research study is to undergo the pharmacological evaluation of newly synthesized benzoxazole derivatives. These novel derivatives were evaluated for anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity using various in-vivo and ex-vivo methods.

Methods:
The study was carried out using swiss mice (adult male) weighing between 20gm to 30gm and were divided into groups containing (n=6) six animals in each group for treatment. The anti-nociceptive activity was performed by using 0.1ml of 0.6% v/v acetic acid as nociception inducer and evaluated by the diminished number of abdominal writhes. The anti-inflammatory activity was done using 0.1 ml of 2% w/v Carrageenan induced paw edema method was observed which was evaluated by calculating the percent maximum possible effect. Histopathological evaluation and cytotoxic activity of the compounds was carried out.

Results:
The results of this research study revealed that synthesized derivatives (a, b, c, d and e) showed promising anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect along significantly higher cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 cell lines.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that synthesized derivatives (a, b, c, d and e) have potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect along with cytotoxic activity and certain modification in structure may result in potent activity.
Thyroid Diseases During Pregnancy: Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific
Publications
Authors: Yuan Ning , Wang Li , Li Zhi , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Bibliometric analysis can analyze development trends and predict research
hotspots. We used these analyses to better understand the pregnancy-related implications of thyroid
diseases.

Methods:
Publications on thyroid diseases during pregnancy from 1926 to hitherto were retrieved
based on the Web of Science database. The publications and references, the institutions and countries,
the journals, the keywords and citations were analyzed by utilizing VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Cit-
NetExplorer.

Results:
A total of 3310 publications were retrieved and were cited 87913 times. The United States
took the dominant position in outputs and collaborations. Harvard University had the most articles 86,
which also had the highest h-index 30. Thyroid ranked first with 201 publications and Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology Metabolism had the highest h-index 67. Among the 49 burst keywords, "antibody"
had the longest burst period from 1991 to 2012, "thyroxine" had the strongest burst strength 16.7026,
"hypothyroxinemia" appeared most recently in 2018. The most frequent keyword was "pregnancy"
which occurred 1324 times. All the top 98 frequent keywords were clustered into 4 clusters. The citation
network visualization was grouped into 8 groups.

Conclusion:
The research focus of thyroid diseases in pregnancy ranged from clinical thyroid dysfunction
to milder thyroid dysfunction. Guidelines published by the American Thyroid Association enacted
a crucial purpose in the treatment and development of thyroid diseases during pregnancy. Some randomized
controlled studies of unresolved problems and long-term follow-up of offspring may be the
direction of future research. In the meantime, bibliometric methods can help scholars choose journals,
track research hotspots, and identify the direction or focus of future research.
Curcumin Efficacy in a Serum/Glucose Deprivation-Induced Neuronal PC12 Injury Model
Authors: Farkhondeh Tahereh , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen , Samini Fariborz , Aschner Michael , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Glucose/serum deprivation (GSD), has been used for understanding molecular mechanisms of neuronal damage during ischemia. It has been suggested that curcumin may improve neurodegenerative diseases.

Aim:
In this study, the protective effects of curcumin and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in PC12 cells upon GSD-induced stress.

Methods:
PC12 cells were cultured in DMEM overnight and then incubated in GSD condition for
either 6 or 12h. GSD-treated cells were pretreated with various concentrations of curcumin (10, 20,
and 40 μM) for 5h. The cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, oxidative
stress, expression of apoptosis-related genes, and IL-6 were determined.

Results:
Curcumin increased cell viability and caused an anti-apoptotic effect in PC12 cells exposed for 12h to GSD . Curcumin also increased antioxidant enzyme expression, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and decreased interleukin-6 secretion in PC12 cells subjected to GSD. In addition, pretreatment with curcumin down-regulated pro-apoptotic (Bax), and up-regulated antiapoptotic (Bcl2) mediators.

Conclusion:
Curcumin mitigates many of the adverse effects of ischemia, and therefore, should be considered as an adjunct therapy in ischemic patients.
An Overview and Therapeutic Promise of Nutraceuticals Against
Sports-Related Brain Injury
Authors: Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Haque Syed Ehtaishamul , Iqubal Ashif , Bansal Pratichi , Iqubal Mohammad Kashif 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the common neurological maladies experienced by athletes. Earlier the term ‘punch drunk syndrome’ was used in the case TBI of boxers and now this term is replaced by chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Sports-related brain injury can either be short term or long term. A common instance of brain injury encompasses subdural hematoma, concussion, cognitive dysfunction, amnesia, headache, vision issue, axonopathy, or even death if remain undiagnosed or untreated. Further, chronic TBI may lead to pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via tauopathy, formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and damage to the blood-brain barrier, microglial, and astrocyte activation. Thus, altered pathological, neurochemical, and neurometabolic attributes lead to the modulation of multiple signaling pathways and cause neurological dysfunction. Available pharmaceutical interventions are based on one drug one target hypothesis and thereby unable to cover altered multiple signaling pathways. However, in recent time’s pharmacological intervention of nutrients and nutraceuticals have been explored as they exert a multifactorial mode of action and maintain over homeostasis of the body. There are various reports available showing the positive therapeutic effect of nutraceuticals in sport-related brain injury. Therefore, in the current article we have discussed the pathology, neurological consequence, sequelae, and perpetuation of sports-related brain injury. Further, we have discussed various nutraceutical supplements as well as available animal models to explore the neuroprotective effect/ upshots of these nutraceuticals in sports-related brain injury.
Old Rats Are More Susceptible to Induction of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) at Comparative to Young Mature
Authors: Bespalov Vladimir G. , Alexandrov Valerij A. , Semenov Alexander L. , Tochilnikov Grigory V. , Ermakova Elena D. , Zmitrichenko Yuliya G. , Vasilyeva Irina N. , Ivantsov Alexandеr O. , Zhilinskaya Nadezhda T. 
Published: February 2021

Aims:
The aim of the experiments was to find out the factors on which age-related sensitivity
to the occurrence of BPH depends.

Methods:
45 Male Wistar rats aged 3 and 24 months were used. In each age group, there were intact
rats and animals with induced BPH (by surgical castration + testosterone injections, 25 mg/kg
x 7). On the 36th day of the experiment, blood was taken from rats to determine serum testosterone,
cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose; then, the animals were autopsied, their prostates were
weighed, and their morphology was studied.

Results:
Young mature intact rats had much higher testosterone levels (6.2±0.93 nmol/l) than old
intact (3.8±0.55 nmol/l), while the ratio of prostate weight was inverse. The weight of the prostate
and prostatic index in old rats with induced BPH was significantly higher not only in comparison
with the old intact rats but also with young animals after BPH induction. Morphologically, the inflammatory
foci were determined not only in the prostates of old rats, which induced BPH, but also
in intact animals. Besides, in old intact rats, the foci of prostate hyperplasia were often noted.

Conclusions:
Our experimental model indicates the important role of non-bacterial prostatitis in the
pathogenesis of BPH. No metabolic disorders in BPH induction were revealed. The sensitivity of
the prostate of old rats to BPH development is increasing despite the low concentrations of testosterone
in the body. Age sensitivity to BPH is probably determined by a higher expression of androgen
receptors in old animals.
A Pill to Find Them All: IoT Device Behavior Fingerprinting using
Capsule Networks
Authors: Chauhan Ritu , Varma Gatha , Singh Dhananjay 
Published: February 2021

Aim and Background:
The aim of this study is the application of novel deep learning technique
of capsule networks for device behavior fingerprinting. Device behavior fingerprinting emerged
as an important means to characterize the network behavior of connected devices due to the dynamic
nature of smart systems. The study of device behavior fingerprinting strategies gave us an insight into
the strengths and weaknesses of different machine learning techniques. It also led us to some research
questions that we incorporated in the proposed framework. Firstly, we explored the means to improve
the efficiency of passive device fingerprinting techniques. Secondly, we needed to address the privacy
concerns that arise from the creation and maintenance of device fingerprints.

Objective:
To our best knowledge, this is the first time that device for fingerprints had been generated in
the form of images. The use of device fingerprints in image form best utilized the object recognition
capabilities of capsule networks.

Method:
We designed a novel method to classify and save the network behaviour of IoT devices that
are connected to a network. The proposed model was based on a two-fold innovation of the generation
of unique images based on packet parameters of device transmissions, and the design of a model that
could carry out efficient and accurate classification of device vendors based on their network behavior.

Results and Conclusion:
The generation of unique images offered a big advantage of saving the
memory of the system. While a packet capture file may take around 150kb or more, the generated images
were as small as the order of 2kb. For a smart system made up of thousands of devices, the order of
memory space saved would become significant. Furthermore, since the algorithm of image generation
could be customized by the network administrators, the images cannot be reverse- engineered by potential
attackers, thereby assuring a secure way to save device behavior fingerprints. The developed model
has compiled over 500 epochs that roughly translated to 100 minutes and gave the accuracy of the order
of 92%. This was the first time that device network behaviour has been translated into an image and
tested through classification using capsule networks. The translation of captured packet flows to black
and white images not only saved on memory space but also provided a safeguard against reverse engineering
by potential attackers. There is a vast scope to further use of this strategy to develop more complex
device fingerprinting methods.
Optimization, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Biosorption and Bio-reduction of Chromium Hexavalent by Myrtus communis Leaves
Authors: Metidji Toufek , Bendjeffal Hacene , Djebli Abdelkrim , Mamine Hadjer , Bekakria Hamida , Bouhedja Yacine 
Published: February 2021

Aims:
The efficiency of Myrtus communis leaves to eliminate Cr(VI) from
aqueous solutions has been investigated.

Background:
Optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on bio-sorption and bioreduction
of Cr(VI) by Myrtus communis leaves.

Objective:
To eliminate Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.

Methods:
Batch mode studies, kinetic and thermodynamic studies.

Result:
The maximum bio-removal was obtained at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of
100 mg/L, biomass of 0.150 g, pH 2, and a temperature of 25°C. The modeling study
has shown that the bio-removal kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model along
with an R2= 0.9947.

Conclusion:
A total removal of Cr(VI) after 60 minutes has been noticed. Also, the kinetic
studies have indicated that the bioreduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) coupled with biosorption
was produced on biomass sites. Based on the determined thermodynamic parameters
(Gibbs energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0), and entropy (ΔS0)), the bio-removal
process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature.

Other:
Myrtus communis leaves powder was characterized by spectroscopy (FTIR) and
scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM-EDX).
Telemedicine Use and Health-Related Concerns of Patients With Chronic Conditions During COVID-19: Survey of Members of Online Health Communities
Authors: Horrell Lindsey Nicole , Hayes Sara , Herbert Leslie Beth , MacTurk Katie , Lawhon Lauren , Valle Carmina G , Bhowmick Amrita 
Published: February 2021

Background
It has been widely communicated that individuals with underlying health conditions are at higher risk of severe disease due to COVID-19 than healthy peers. As social distancing measures continue during the COVID-19 pandemic, experts encourage individuals with underlying conditions to engage in telehealth appointments to maintain continuity of care while minimizing risk exposure. To date, however, little information has been provided regarding telehealth uptake among this high-risk population.

Objective
The aim of this study is to describe the telehealth use, resource needs, and information sources of individuals with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary objectives include exploring differences in telehealth use by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods
Data for this study were collected through an electronic survey distributed between May 12-14, 2020, to members of 26 online health communities for individuals with chronic disease. Descriptive statistics were run to explore telehealth use, support needs, and information sources, and z tests were run to assess differences in sociodemographic factors and information and support needs among those who did and did not use telehealth services.

Results
Among the 2210 respondents, 1073 (49%) reported engaging in telehealth in the past 4 months. Higher proportions of women engaged in telehealth than men (890/1781, 50% vs 181/424, 43%; P=.007), and a higher proportion of those earning household incomes of more than US $100,000 engaged in telehealth than those earning less than US $30,000 (195/370, 53% vs 241/530 45%; P=.003). Although 59% (133/244) of those younger than 40 years and 54% (263/486) of those aged 40-55 years used telehealth, aging populations were less likely to do so, with only 45% (677/1500) of individuals 56 years or older reporting telehealth use (P<.001 and P=.001, respectively). Patients with cystic fibrosis, lupus, and ankylosing spondylitis recorded the highest proportions of individuals using telehealth when compared to those with other diagnoses. Of the 2210 participants, 1333 (60%) participants either looked up information about the virus online or planned to in the future, and when asked what information or support would be most helpful right now, over half (1151/2210, 52%) responded “understanding how COVID-19 affects people with my health condition.”

Conclusions
Nearly half of the study sample reported participating in telehealth in the past 4 months. Future efforts to engage individuals with underlying medical conditions in telehealth should focus on outreach to men, members of lower-income households, and aging populations. These results may help inform and refine future health communications to further engage this at-risk population in telehealth as the pandemic continues.
Prognosis Score System to Predict Survival for COVID-19 Cases: a Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Cho Sung-Yeon , Park Sung-Soo , Song Min-Kyu , Bae Young Yi , Lee Dong-Gun , Kim Dong-Wook 
Published: February 2021

Background
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, an initial risk-adapted allocation is crucial for managing medical resources and providing intensive care.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to identify factors that predict the overall survival rate for COVID-19 cases and develop a COVID-19 prognosis score (COPS) system based on these factors. In addition, disease severity and the length of hospital stay for patients with COVID-19 were analyzed.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a nationwide cohort of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases between January and April 2020 in Korea. The cohort was split randomly into a development cohort and a validation cohort with a 2:1 ratio. In the development cohort (n=3729), we tried to identify factors associated with overall survival and develop a scoring system to predict the overall survival rate by using parameters identified by the Cox proportional hazard regression model with bootstrapping methods. In the validation cohort (n=1865), we evaluated the prediction accuracy using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The score of each variable in the COPS system was rounded off following the log-scaled conversion of the adjusted hazard ratio.

Results
Among the 5594 patients included in this analysis, 234 (4.2%) died after receiving a COVID-19 diagnosis. In the development cohort, six parameters were significantly related to poor overall survival: older age, dementia, chronic renal failure, dyspnea, mental disturbance, and absolute lymphocyte count <1000/mm3. The following risk groups were formed: low-risk (score 0-2), intermediate-risk (score 3), high-risk (score 4), and very high-risk (score 5-7) groups. The COPS system yielded an area under the curve value of 0.918 for predicting the 14-day survival rate and 0.896 for predicting the 28-day survival rate in the validation cohort. Using the COPS system, 28-day survival rates were discriminatively estimated at 99.8%, 95.4%, 82.3%, and 55.1% in the low-risk, intermediate-risk, high-risk, and very high-risk groups, respectively, of the total cohort (P<.001). The length of hospital stay and disease severity were directly associated with overall survival (P<.001), and the hospital stay duration was significantly longer among survivors (mean 26.1, SD 10.7 days) than among nonsurvivors (mean 15.6, SD 13.3 days).

Conclusions
The newly developed predictive COPS system may assist in making risk-adapted decisions for the allocation of medical resources, including intensive care, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bioactive fractions from Streptococcus macedonicus MBF 10-2 produced in an optimized plant-based peptone medium fermentation
Authors: Musnadi Amira Aulia , Malik Amarila , Khayyira Amalia Sitti 
Published: February 2021

Background: Postbiotic fractions of several lactic acid bacteria have potential as microbial therapeutics for skin health and may also appeal to consumers who wish to avoid animal-based products. We aim to establish the optimum plant-peptone fermentation of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2, which possess Bacteriocin Like-Inhibitory Substance activity in our previous study, to produce bacterial bioactive fractions. We evaluate their potential antibacterial and antioxidant actions, and as well assess the preliminary safety for human skin application.
Methods: Fermentation was carried out by using plant peptone modified MRS, i.e., soy peptone and Vegitone, a non-animal-carbon sources that substitute proteose peptone in MRS medium. Fractions of MBF10-2 lysate and cell-free supernatant were collected and processed as follows, i.e. cell disruption, fraction separation and fractions freeze-drying. Fractions were confirm for antibacterial properties by the agar well diffusion method and assess for antioxidant activity using DPPH, while safety assessment was carried-out by skin patch assay.
Result: Maximum growth of MBF10-2 achieved by fermentation in soy peptone- and in Vegitone-modified media was 9.00 and 7.99 g total cell mass, respectively. The antibacterial property of fractions was most effective against Micrococcus luteus T18. The lysate fraction exhibited a mild antioxidant potency (IC50 840 µg/mL), and all bioactive fractions were proven safe and non-allergenic for human skins.
Conclusion: Strep. macedonicus MBF10-2 postbiotics bioactive fractions were indicated as being safe for topical application. This is the first report on the production of a safe Strep. macedonicus bioactive postbiotic possessing mild antibacterial and mild-to-weak antioxidant.

Keywords: antibacterial; antioxidant; lysate; soy peptone; Streptococcus macedonicus MBF 10-2
Optimization of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose and Carbomer In Diltiazem Hydrochloride Mucoadhesive Buccal Film
Authors: Winarti Lina , Laksono Bagus Tri , Sari Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala 
Published: February 2021

Diltiazem hydrochloride (HCl) is a category of calcium channel blocker used as an antihypertensive agent. Diltiazem HCl is a low bioavailable drug due to high first-pass metabolism and a short half-life (3-5 hours); hence mucoadhesive buccal film was made to overcome this weakness. Bioavailability of Diltiazem HCl increase if the buccal preparations can contact the mucosa for a sufficient time. Therefore, in this study, two polymers are combined to obtain good film characteristics, especially residence time and mucoadhesive strength. This study was aimed to optimize Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and Carbomer's amount in Diltiazem HCl mucoadhesive buccal film. The formulas were prepared by the solvent casting method and optimized with design expert software. The release kinetics and mechanism were evaluated using DDSolver program. The optimum amount of polymer obtained from optimization was 40 mg of HPMC and 10 mg of Carbomer. The optimum formula's swelling index was 4.18. The mucoadhesive strength was 53.07 gF, and the mucoadhesive residence time was 529.33 min. The FTIR spectra showed there was no interaction between Diltiazem HCl and other excipients. Thus it did not disturb the therapeutic effect. Based on the DDSolver statistical parameters and curve-fitting, the dissolution model of Diltiazem HCl from buccal mucoadhesive film follows Korsmeyer-Peppas. The release exponent (n) is 0.55, which shows a non-fickian/anomalous diffusion release mechanism. These mechanisms represent drug release controlled by a combination of diffusion and erosion.