bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica modified by amino and carboxyl groups on vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Zhao Ji , Bu De‐yun , Zhang Na , Tian Da‐nian , Ma Li‐ya , Yang Hui‐fang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMesoporous silica is widely used because of its unique and excellent properties, especially it can be used as a drug carrier and gene carrier in the biomedical field. After the mesoporous silica is put into clinical use, it is more likely to be exposed in human body. Therefore, the effect of mesoporous silica on human body cannot be ignored. The injury of vascular endothelial cells is a prerequisite for the occurrence of many cardiovascular diseases. As a drug and gene carrier, mesoporous silica increases its contact with vascular endothelial cells, so its toxic effect on cardiovascular system cannot be ignored. In this study, amino (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) were modified on mesoporous silica SBA‐15 by post‐grafting. The results showed that it still maintained the one‐dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure of SBA‐15 and had typical mesoporous structure. Then human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were infected with SBA‐15, NH2‐SBA‐15, and COOH‐SBA‐15. The results showed that the functionalized mesoporous silica SBA‐15 had cytotoxicity to HUVECs and damaged the cell membrane, but compared with the unmodified mesoporous silica SBA‐15 the cytotoxicity of functionalized mesoporous silica SBA‐15 was lower and the toxicity of carboxyl modified group was the lowest. By comparing the cell inhibition rate and the expression level of lactate dehydrogenate and reactive oxygen species induced by the three materials, oxidative damage and cell membrane damage may be two mechanisms of cytotoxicity. Mesoporous silica SBA‐15 has an effect on cardiovascular system by inducing the high expression of nitric oxide, intercellular adhesive molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesive molecule‐1 in HUVECs. In summary, our results show that mesoporous silica is toxic to vascular endothelial cells.
Zusammenfassung der empirischen Ergebnisse
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: Zu der zusammenfassenden Darstellung der unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse und zur Interpretation der Analyse zur Konzeptualisierung des Instruments zur sprachlichen Variation finden nachfolgend eine vergleichende Darstellung der Ergebnisse und eine Erörterung der inhaltlichen Erkenntnisse statt (Abschnitt 10.1). Aufgrund der zum Teil neuen methodischen Zugänge zur Untersuchung von Sprache im Mathematikunterricht bietet es sich außerdem an, die methodischen Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit zu schildern (Abschnitt 10.2).
Variationen von Sprache
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: Die sprachliche Kommunikation ist geprägt durch die Vielfalt an Varianten, die existieren, um Gedanken und Beobachtungen sprachlich auszudrücken. Ein Instrument zur sprachlichen Variation von Textaufgaben im Mathematikunterricht sollte sich an den Veränderungen von Sprache in der Nutzung orientieren. Daher ist das Ziel dieses Kapitels die bedeutsamen Konzepte von Variationen von Sprache zu beschreiben.
Textverstehen von Textaufgaben als sprachliche Anforderung im Mathematikunterricht
Authors: Bednorz David 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGesamtüberblick: In Hinblick auf Text und sprachliche Variationen, die aufgrund von Anpassung an situative Bedingungen erfolgen, ist das Textverstehen ein zentraler Gegenstand, um sprachliche Schwierigkeiten, die aufgrund der Veränderungen von Sprache erfolgen, in der Mathematik antizipieren zu können. Dahingehend ist zur Einordnung des Textverstehens eine allgemeine Betrachtung der sprachlich kommunikativen Anforderungen im Fach Mathematik notwendig. Die Beschreibung des Textverstehens ist vielfältig und kann auf verschiedenen Ebenen stattfinden.
Klinische Charakteristika und Lebensqualität beim Dravet-Syndrom: Ergebnisse der deutschen Kohorte des „Dravet syndrome caregiver survey“ (DISCUSS)
Authors: Strzelczyk A. , Lagae L. , Kurlemann G. , Flege S. , Bast T. , Polster T. , Pringsheim M. , von Spiczak S. , Hipp P. , Schubert-Bast S. 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Dravet-Syndrom (DS) ist ein seltenes, in der frühen Kindheit beginnendes, therapierefraktäres Epilepsiesyndrom, das mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden ist.

Fragestellung
Ziele der Querschnittsstudie „Dravet syndrome caregiver survey“ (DISCUSS) sind die Identifizierung und Beschreibung der Faktoren, die einen Einfluss auf die Krankheitslast von Patienten mit DS und ihre Betreuer haben können. Die Ergebnisse der deutschen Kohorte werden vorgestellt.

Material und Methoden
Die Datenerhebung erfolgte durch eine anonyme Befragung von Eltern. Die Ergebnisse wurden für die verschiedenen Altersgruppen statistisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Der Fragebogen wurde von 68 Eltern der DS-Patienten mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 10 Jahren (Median: 9, Spanne: 1–26) ausgefüllt. Nur 3 Patienten (4,4 %) waren in den letzten 3 Monaten anfallsfrei. Insgesamt hatten 97 % der Patienten, die älter als 5 Jahre waren (n = 45), mindestens eine Komorbidität. Die zum Befragungszeitpunkt am häufigsten eingenommenen Antiepileptika waren Valproat, Kaliumbromid, Stiripentol, Clobazam und Topiramat. In der Vergangenheit wurden Natriumkanalblocker, Phenobarbital und Levetiracetam eingesetzt, aktuell fanden diese Antiepileptika nur selten Verwendung. Die Lebensqualität der Patienten war niedriger als die der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Erkrankung eines Familienmitglieds mit DS beeinflusst Eltern und Geschwister in hohem Maße.

Diskussion
Trotz individueller Kombinationstherapien sind die meisten Patienten mit DS nicht anfallsfrei. Insgesamt hat sich der Einsatz von beim DS wenig wirksamer Medikamente und der kontraindizierten Natriumkanalblocker zugunsten von wirksameren Medikamenten verschoben. Neue Therapie- und Versorgungskonzepte sind notwendig, um die Versorgung der Patienten mit DS zu verbessern und Eltern und Geschwister zu entlasten.
Negativemissionstechnologien und ihre Verortung im Regelsystem internationaler Klimapolitik
Authors: Markus Till , Schaller Romina , Gawel Erik , Korte Klaas 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Weltklimarat IPCC zeigt in seinem Sonderbericht “1,5 C globale Erwärmung”
aus dem Jahr 2018, dass das Erreichen der im Pariser Übereinkommen vereinbarten Klimaziele nach wie
vor möglich ist. Dies erfordere allerdings nicht nur einen grundlegenden Wandel unserer Lebens- und
Wirtschaftsweise sowie die Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen auf Null (spätestens in der zweiten
Hälfte dieses Jahrhunderts), sondern auch die dauerhafte Entnahme erheblicher Mengen von CO2 aus der
Atmosphäre. Letzteres kann durch eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Verfahren und Technologien erreicht
werden, sogenannte Negativemissionstechnologien (NETs). Im diesem Beitrag werden NETs im internationalen
Klimaregime verortet. Insbesondere soll ihre potentielle Funktion als Senke im Sinne der Klimarahmenkonvention
und des Pariser Übereinkommens untersucht werden.
Gefahren rechtlicher Verschlechterungen des Schutzes von Trink-, Mineral- und Heilwasserressourcen und Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten
Authors: Spannowsky Willy 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDaseinsvorsorge im Bereich des Schutzes der Trinkwasserressourcen beginnt mit der Pflege des Wasserdargebots.
In Anbetracht der sich in tatsächlicher und rechtlicher Hinsicht ändernden Gegebenheiten beim
Schutz von Trink-, Mineral- und Heilwasservorkommen (Klimawandel, “Wasserstress” infolge qualitativer
und quantitativer Verschlechterungen bis hin zur Trinkwasserknappheit) stellt sich die Frage, wie den Gefahren
der zunehmenden Verschlechterung dieser Ressourcen begegnet werden kann. Der nachfolgende Beitrag belegt
die These, dass auch bei einer gut gemeinten von Beschleunigungs- und Deregulierungsbestrebungen getragenen
landesgesetzlichen Änderung risikovorsorgender, rechtssystematischer Schutzkomponenten der abwägungsrelevante
Belang nicht außer Acht bleiben darf, dass es dadurch zu einer systematischen Verschlechterung des
rechtlichen und umweltplanerischen Kontroll- und Schutzsystems mit nachteiligen Folgewirkungen für
diese Schutzgüter kommen kann. Insofern sollte der Stellenwert, welcher der objektiv-rechtliche Rechtsschutz
bei der Erhaltung der besonderen “Naturschätze”, der Trink-, Mineral- und Heilwasservorkommen,
einnimmt, nicht unterschätzt werden.
Using extended siamese networks to provide decision support in aquaculture operations
Authors: Mathisen Bjørn Magnus , Bach Kerstin , Aamodt Agnar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAquaculture as an industry is quickly expanding. As a result, new aquaculture sites are being established at more exposed locations previously deemed unfit because they are more difficult and resource demanding to safely operate than are traditional sites. To help the industry deal with these challenges, we have developed a decision support system to support decision makers in establishing better plans and make decisions that facilitate operating these sites in an optimal manner. We propose a case-based reasoning system called aquaculture case-based reasoning (AQCBR), which is able to predict the success of an aquaculture operation at a specific site, based on previously applied and recorded cases. In particular, AQCBR is trained to learn a similarity function between recorded operational situations/cases and use the most similar case to provide explanation-by-example information for its predictions. The novelty of AQCBR is that it uses extended Siamese neural networks to learn the similarity between cases. Our extensive experimental evaluation shows that extended Siamese neural networks outperform state-of-the-art methods for similarity learning in this task, demonstrating the effectiveness and the feasibility of our approach.
Where do university graduates live? – A computer vision approach using satellite images
Authors: Koch David , Despotovic Miroslav , Thaler Simon , Zeppelzauer Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we examine to what extent the settlement of university graduates can be derived from satellite images. We apply a convolutional neural network (CNN) to grid images of a city and predict five density classes of university graduates at a micro level (250 m × 250 m grid size). The CNN reaches an accuracy rate of 40.5% (random approach: 20%). Furthermore, the accuracy increases to 78.3% when considering a one-class deviation compared to the true class. We also examine the predictability of inhabited and uninhabited grid cells, where we achieve an accuracy of 95.3% using the same CNN. From this, we conclude that there is information that correlates with graduate density that can be derived by analysing only satellite images. The findings show the high potential of computer vision for urban and regional economics. Particularly in data-poor regions, the approach utilised facilitates comparative analytics and provides a possible solution for the modifiable aerial unit (MAU) problem. The MAU problem is a statistical bias that can influence the results of a spatial data analysis of point-estimate data that is aggregated in districts of different shapes and sizes, distorting the results.
A novel human donor cornea preservation cocktail incorporating a thermo-reversible gelation polymer (TGP), enhancing the corneal endothelial cell density maintenance and explant culture of corneal limbal cells
Authors: Namitha Bhuvaneshwari , Chitra Munusamy Rajendran , Bhavya Mathevan , Parikumar Periasamy , Katoh Shojiro , Yoshioka Hiroshi , Iwasaki Masaru , Senthilkumar Rajappa , Rajmohan Mathaiyan , Karthick Ramalingam , Preethy Senthilkumar , Abraham Samuel J. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
McCarey-Kaufman’s (MK) medium and Optisol-GS medium are the most commonly employed media for human donor corneal preservation. In this study, we evaluated the preservation efficacy of discarded human donor corneas using a Thermo-reversible gelation polymer (TGP) added to these two media.

Methods
Thirteen human corneal buttons collected from deceased donors, which were otherwise discarded due to low endothelial cell density (ECD) were used. They were stored in four groups: MK medium, MK medium with TGP, Optisol-GS and Optisol-GS with TGP at 4 °C for 96 h. Slit lamp examination and specular microscopy were performed. Corneal limbal tissues from these corneas were then cultured using explant methodology one with and the other without TGP scaffold, for 21 days.

Results
MK + TGP and Optisol-GS + TGP preserved corneas better than without TGP, which was observed by maintenance of ECD which was significantly higher in Optisol-GS + TGP than MK + TGP (p-value = 0.000478) and corneal thickness remaining the same for 96 h. Viable corneal epithelial cells could be grown from the corneas stored only in MK + TGP and Optisol-GS + TGP. During culture, the TGP scaffold helped maintain the native epithelial phenotype and progenitor/stem cell growth was confirmed by RT-PCR characterization.

Conclusion
TGP reconstituted with MK and Optisol—GS media yields better preservation of human corneal buttons in terms of relatively higher ECD maintenance and better in vitro culture outcome of corneal limbal tissue. This method has the potential to become a standard donor corneal transportation-preservation methodology and it can also be extended to other tissue or organ transportation upon further validation.
Cytotoxic and radiosensitising effects of a novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor in breast cancer
Authors: Abdullah Nurul A , Inman Martyn , Moody Christopher J. , Storr Sarah J , Martin Stewart G 
Published: March 2021

SummaryRadiotherapy is an effective treatment modality for breast cancer but, unfortunately, not all patients respond fully with a significant number experiencing local recurrences. Overexpression of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase has been reported to cause multidrug and radiation resistance - their inhibition may therefore improve therapeutic efficacy. Novel indolequinone compounds have been shown, in pancreatic cancer models, to inhibit thioredoxin reductase activity and exhibit potent anticancer activity. The present study evaluates, using in vitro breast cancer models, the efficacy of a novel indolequinone compound (IQ9) as a single agent and in combination with ionising radiation using a variety of endpoint assays including cell proliferation, clonogenic survival, enzyme activity, and western blotting. Three triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-436) and two luminal (MCF-7 and T47D) breast cancer cell lines were used. Results show that treatment with IQ9 significantly inhibited thioredoxin reductase activity, and inhibited cell growth and colony formation of breast cancer cells with IC50 values in the low micromolar ranges. Enhanced radiosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells was observed, with sensitiser enhancement ratios of 1.20–1.43, but with no evident radiosensitisation of luminal breast cancer cell lines. IQ9 upregulated protein expression of thioredoxin reductase in luminal but not in triple-negative breast cancer cells which may explain the observed differential radiosensitisation. This study provides important evidence of the roles of the thioredoxin system as an exploitable radiobiological target in breast cancer cells and highlights the potential therapeutic value of indolequinones as radiosensitisers.***This study was not part of a clinical trial. Clinical trial registration number: N/A
Chemical and biological control of Fusarium species involved in garlic dry rot at early crop stages
Authors: Mondani Letizia , Chiusa Giorgio , Battilani Paola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to test in vitro and in vivo the efficacy of triazoles and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum, the former signaled as the main causal agent of garlic dry rot and the latter also involved. In vitro trials were organized using potato dextrose agar with added chemicals or BCAs inoculated with selected F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Garlic cloves were dipped before sowing in suspensions prepared with the fungicides showing the best performances in vitro; then they were dipped in Fusaria suspension before sowing. In in vitro trials, the maximum Fusaria growth inhibition was performed by Propiconazole + Prochloraz (100%), followed by Tebuconazole (88.9%). BCAs showed great capacity to control Fusaria, with a maximum growth inhibition of 80% (Trichoderma harzianum + T. gamsii). In vivo bacterial BCAs showed a similar capacity to control F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum compared to chemical products (mean of severity index 18.6% and 11.7%, respectively). In vivo results confirmed the in vitro performances, except for Trichoderma, which had the worst performances in vivo. Therefore, the results are preliminary but promising for future field application.
An empirical investigation of organic software product lines
Authors: Cashman Mikaela , Firestone Justin , Cohen Myra B. , Thianniwet Thammasak , Niu Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoftware product line engineering is a best practice for managing reuse in families of software systems that is increasingly being applied to novel and emerging domains. In this work we investigate the use of software product line engineering in one of these new domains, synthetic biology. In synthetic biology living organisms are programmed to perform new functions or improve existing functions. These programs are designed and constructed using small building blocks made out of DNA. We conjecture that there are families of products that consist of common and variable DNA parts, and we can leverage product line engineering to help synthetic biologists build, evolve, and reuse DNA parts. In this paper we perform an investigation of domain engineering that leverages an open-source repository of more than 45,000 reusable DNA parts. We show the feasibility of these new types of product line models by identifying features and related artifacts in up to 93.5% of products, and that there is indeed both commonality and variability. We then construct feature models for four commonly engineered functions leading to product lines ranging from 10 to 7.5 × 1020 products. In a case study we demonstrate how we can use the feature models to help guide new experimentation in aspects of application engineering. Finally, in an empirical study we demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of automated reverse engineering on both complete and incomplete sets of products. In the process of these studies, we highlight key challenges and uncovered limitations of existing SPL techniques and tools which provide a roadmap for making SPL engineering applicable to new and emerging domains.
Extended gene panel testing in lobular breast cancer
Authors: van Veen Elke M. , Evans D. Gareth , Harkness Elaine F. , Byers Helen J. , Ellingford Jamie M. , Woodward Emma R. , Bowers Naomi L. , Wallace Andrew J. , Howell Sacha J. , Howell Anthony , Lalloo Fiona , Newman William G. , Smith Miriam J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurpose: Lobular breast cancer (LBC) accounts for ~ 15% of breast cancer. Here, we studied the frequency of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in an extended panel of genes in women affected with LBC. Methods: 302 women with LBC and 1567 without breast cancer were tested for BRCA1/2 PGVs. A subset of 134 LBC affected women who tested negative for BRCA1/2 PGVs underwent extended screening, including: ATM, CDH1, CHEK2, NBN, PALB2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51D, and TP53.Results: 35 PGVs were identified in the group with LBC, of which 22 were in BRCA1/2. Ten actionable PGVs were identified in additional genes (ATM(4), CDH1(1), CHEK2(1), PALB2(2) and TP53(2)). Overall, PGVs in three genes conferred a significant increased risk for LBC. Odds ratios (ORs) were: BRCA1: OR = 13.17 (95%CI 2.83–66.38; P = 0.0017), BRCA2: OR = 10.33 (95%CI 4.58–23.95; P < 0.0001); and ATM: OR = 8.01 (95%CI 2.52–29.92; P = 0.0053). We did not detect an increased risk of LBC for PALB2, CDH1 or CHEK2. Conclusion: The overall PGV detection rate was 11.59%, with similar rates of BRCA1/2 (7.28%) PGVs as for other actionable PGVs (7.46%), indicating a benefit for extended panel genetic testing in LBC. We also report a previously unrecognised association of pathogenic variants in ATM with LBC.
Linking Fisher Perceptions to Social-Ecological Context: Mixed Method Application of the SES Framework in Costa Rica
Authors: Partelow Stefan , Jäger Anne , Schlüter Achim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are few studies about how social-ecological context is linked to actor perceptions in environmental governance, although it is evident that resource use behavior, participatory processes, rule compliance, and cooperation are influenced by actors’ perceptions. We apply and combine Ostrom’s social-ecological systems framework (SESF) and Bennett’s (2016) perception framework to identify the contextual variables influencing different perceptions in a case study of small-scale fisheries co-management in Costa Rica implementing a marine protected area. Analytically, we use network analysis tools to analyze qualitative interview data in a way that links the two frameworks, and content analysis to provide contexutally meaningful descriptions of those network patterns in practice. Our findings suggest Bennett’s perceptions framework can be expanded and that the SESF is useful to identify how perceptions relate to more social and ecological variables than prior research suggests. Our findings demonstrate the importance of understanding perceptions and context in environmental governance analyses and practice. We conclude with reflections on local policy challenges.
Tying Up Loose Ends. Integrating Consumers’ Psychology into a Broad Interdisciplinary Perspective on a Circular Sustainable Bioeconomy
Authors: Otto Siegmar , Hildebrandt Jakob , Will Markus , Henn Laura , Beer Katrin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA shift towards a bioeconomy is not sustainable per se. In order to contribute to sustainable development, a bioeconomy must meet certain conditions. These conditions have been discussed with respect to technology and also to the importance of ethical aspects. Consumers’ behavior has also been acknowledged. However, consumers still have to choose sustainable consumption options, and this choice depends on their psychological makeup, which can be related to two factors: behavioral costs and individual sustainability motivation. Behavioral costs determine how difficult the consumption of a bio-based product is, relative to other less sustainable consumption options. Sustainability motivation determines how much effort a person is willing to expend for a more sustainable consumption option, for the sustainable use and recycling of a product, or even to refrain from engaging in consumption. In addition, in a complex bioeconomic system, the sustainability of a bio-based consumption option is not always clear cut. After providing an introduction to the systemic and technological background of bio-based products, we present how consumers’ sustainability motivation is an essential and decisive pull factor for a circular sustainable bioeconomy. We also present the drivers of consumers’ sustainability motivation as necessary components of a sustainable bioeconomic system.