bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spanische Enzyklopädie-Übersetzungen als Orte der selbstbewussten Partizipation an aufgeklärter Wissensproduktion
Authors: Greilich Susanne 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungEighteenth-century Spanish encyclopaedias, translated from other European languages into Castilian, provide excellent illustrations of the central connections between ency-clopaedism and translation at the time. They show the importance of translations for the dissemination of the genre, the transcultural and transgeneric interweaving of knowledge through multiple translation practices, processes of autonomization in the form of departure from the source text, and forms of „nationalization“ resulting from the adaptation of translated encyclopaedias to the cultural background of their readers. At the same time, the analysis reveals that these texts were by no means only important in terms of the wealth of knowledge they provided, nor were they simply pragmatic instruments of reform-oriented Enlightenment. Rather, they proved to be a medium for self-confident participation in the knowledge production of the time and thus also for inner and outward self-assertion.
Introduction*
Authors: Toepfer Regina , Burschel Peter , Wesche Jörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe introduction offers insights into the praxeological approach of the SPP 2130 “Early Modern Translation Cultures”. Translation is considered a central and ubiquitous cultural technique of the Early Modern period, and one that contributed decisively to shaping that epoch. The SPP 2130 takes current translation studies theories as its point of departure, historicizes them, and applies them to Early Modern translation phenomena. It combines philological, anthropological, and societal translation concepts to develop a definition of translation that lends itself well to an interdisciplinary approach and provides a workable basis not only for the study of languages and literatures, but also for the scholarly investigation of images, music, and history. The graduated conception of translation makes it possible to take widely differing translation methods and practices into account and to examine not only inter- and intralingual translations but also intermedial, intercultural, and performative translation processes.
Kultureller Vermittler, homme de lettres, Vagabund?
Authors: Manstetten Paula 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungSalomon Negri (1665–1727) was one among many Arab Christians who played vital roles in the fields of diplomacy, missionary work, and Oriental studies in Early Modern Europe. Born in Damascus, he moved to Paris at the age of eighteen and later travelled to Halle, Venice, Constantinople, Rome, and London, working as a language teacher, translator, informant, librarian, and copyist. By examining Negri’s short autobiography, letters, and other ego-documents written in Latin, French, Italian, and Arabic, this paper explores how he adapted his self-representation to different audiences in Protestant and Catholic Europe. I argue that Negri’s flexible self-fashioning, which allowed him to navigate between various professional and denominational contexts, can be interpreted as the survival strategy of a peripatetic Arab Christian scholar who was never recognized as an equal member of the European ‘Republic of Letters’.
Birth, Berat, and Banishment
Authors: Fliter Irena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper analyses the claims to Habsburg subjecthood advanced by the prominent Jewish merchant Haim Camondo following an Ottoman imperial order banishing him from Istanbul to Cyprus in 1782. As the Jewish merchant was the holder of Habsburg and British berats, the Camondo affair came to concern the European ambassadors in Istanbul. Eventually, the merchant and his family were able to escape to Habsburg Trieste with their lives and most of their fortune secured. How the European ambassadors, the Ottoman government, and Haim Camondo translated their understandings of legal belonging and identification to each other during the affair, omitting aspects which did not help their respective cases, sheds further light on notions of imperial subjecthood at a crucial period of transition of these concepts in the Ottoman and Habsburg empires. Analysing the web of cultural and political translations in which the Camondo family was caught up also adds to our understanding of trans-imperial families and contributes to the history of (national) identification and subjecthood.
Die kommentierte jiddische Übersetzung des Römerbriefs (1733)
Authors: Siluk Avraham Avi 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungThe Yiddish translation of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans by the Jewish convert Heinrich Christian Immanuel Frommann is one of the most complex missionary tracts published by the Institutum Judaicum et Muhammedicum in Halle on the Saale. This paper contextualizes this annotated translation within the publications of the Pietist mission to the Jews and analyses Frommann’s methods of translation as well as his argumentative strategy. In addition, the different target audiences of the Yiddish Romans and its varied use in practical missionary work are examined. As will be shown, Frommann’s translation and commentary also functioned as a principal reservoir for various missionary activities in Halle.
Sektionseinleitung I: Zeichen und mediale Transformationen
Authors: Wesche Jörg 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungFausts Ringen um eine adäquate Übertragung des Logosbegriffs zu Beginn des Johannes-Evangeliums ins Deutsche gibt wohl das bekannteste Beispiel für eine Übersetzungsszene in der Weltliteratur. Goethe zeigt den frühneuzeitlichen Gelehrten in der Studierzimmerszene als Bibelübersetzer, der sich vom wörtlichen Übersetzen verbalinspirierter Rede löst und in Erwägung der Alternativen ‚Wort‘, ‚Sinn‘ und ‚Kraft‘ schließlich die ‚Tat‘ als beste sinngemäße Übersetzung einsetzt.
(Un-)Sichtbare Routen
Authors: Saladin Irina 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungThis paper focusses on intermedial translation processes in the production of Early Modern maps. Around 1700, the French geographers Claude and Guillaume Delisle collected travelogues from many different authors as sources for their maps of North America. The numerous drafts they created on the basis of these travelogues demonstrate how narrative texts were transformed for use as cartographic representations. As will become apparent, father and son Delisle did not simply translate individual pieces of geographical information into cartographic signs. Rather, they translated spatial conceptions in the form of itineraries by adapting them to the logic and specific characteristics of the medium of maps. In consequence, the itineraries and the actors who had travelled and described them became invisible for readers of maps.
Die Wissenschaftsübersetzung als Generator symbolischen Kapitals
Authors: Gipper Andreas , Stefanelli Diego 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungThis paper investigates the function of translation in the context of scientific communication, examining the correspondence between the Italian universal scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani, his translator Jean Senebier, and the Swiss naturalist Charles Bonnet. The main thesis is that the function of scientific translation goes far beyond the simple communication of scientific content and that it in fact played a complex role in the system of exchange and circulation of symbolic capital within the scientific community in the Early Modern Period. To illustrate the complexity of scientific translation, the paper focusses on Spallanzani’s remarkable adoption of a twofold perspective: on the one hand, it examines Spallanzani’s translation of Bonnet’s Contemplation de la nature; on the other, it considers some of Senebier’s French translations of the Italian scientist. In both cases, translations not only played an important role in the career planning of the actors involved, but were also part of science policy strategies. Last, but not least, they were crucial for the formation and stabilization of national science systems.
Conformal boundary conditions from cutoff AdS3
Authors: Coleman Evan , Shyam Vasudev 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We construct a particular flow in the space of 2D Euclidean QFTs on a torus, which we argue is dual to a class of solutions in 3D Euclidean gravity with conformal boundary conditions. This new flow comes from a Legendre transform of the kernel which implements the T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

deformation, and is motivated by the need for boundary conditions in Euclidean gravity to be elliptic, i.e. that they have well-defined propagators for metric fluctuations. We demonstrate equivalence between our flow equation and variants of the Wheeler de-Witt equation for a torus universe in the so-called Constant Mean Curvature (CMC) slicing. We derive a kernel for the flow, and we compute the corresponding ground state energy in the low-temperature limit. Once deformation parameters are fixed, the existence of the ground state is independent of the initial data, provided the seed theory is a CFT. The high-temperature density of states has Cardy-like behavior, rather than the Hagedorn growth characteristic of T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

-deformed theories.
Versorgung älterer Patienten durch Gemeindenotfallsanitäter
Authors: Seeger Insa , Günther Ulf , Schmiemann Guido , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Notaufnahmen und Rettungsdienste werden zunehmend durch nicht vital bedrohlich erkrankte Patienten belastet. Ein großer Anteil der Rettungsdiensteinsätze entfällt auf ältere Menschen. Um eine unnötige Disponierung höherwertiger Rettungsmittel zu reduzieren, wurde das Modellprojekt Gemeindenotfallsanitäter (G-NFS) entwickelt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es herauszufinden, ob sich spezifische Einsatzschwerpunkte des G‑NFS in der Versorgung älterer Menschen in häuslicher Umgebung und im Pflegeheim zeigen.

Material und Methoden
Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie auf Basis der Einsatzdokumentation vom 01.07.2019 bis zum 30.06.2020. Es wurden G‑NFS Einsätze bei älteren Menschen (≥ 65 Jahre) analysiert, unterteilt nach den Einsatzorten Pflegeheim oder Häuslichkeit.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 2358 Protokolle ausgewertet (Durchschnittsalter: 80,8 Jahre; 52,9 % weiblich). Vor Ort wurden 55 % der Patienten versorgt. Die durchgeführten Maßnahmen umfassten Beratungsgespräche (79,4 %), Hilfe bei Selbstmedikation (16,7 %) und Medikamentengabe (23,2 %). Auf Pflegeheimbewohner entfielen 329 (14,0 %) Einsätze. Maßnahmen in Bezug auf Urindauerkatheter wurden häufiger bei Pflegeheimbewohnern als in der Häuslichkeit durchgeführt (32,2 % bzw. 5,7 % aller Einsätze). Bei Patienten mit Katheterproblemen erfolgte im Vergleich zu anderen Einsätzen nahezu immer eine Versorgung vor Ort (84,3 % bzw. 52,2 %).

Diskussion
Durch G‑NFS können die Mehrzahl der älteren Patienten ambulant versorgt und andere Ressourcen entlastet werden. Allerdings führen G‑NFS auch Maßnahmen durch, die im Verantwortungsbereich der hausärztlichen Versorgung liegen, und gleichen somit strukturelle Defizite in der medizinisch-pflegerischen Versorgung aus.
Chirurgische Nadeln in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Dresing Klaus , Langer Martin Franz , Slongo Theddy 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungFür Chirurgen in der Klinik und Praxis ist der Umgang mit Nahtmaterial das „tägliche Brot“. Daher könnte man annehmen, dass die Kenntnisse dieses Materials kompetent und umfassend sind. Die tägliche Erfahrung zeigt indes ein anderes Bild. Oft sind die Kenntnisse bezüglich Nadelform, Nadelbeschaffenheit sowie Nadelgröße nur marginal und der Chirurg muss sich auf die Kenntnisse seiner OP-Pflegefachkraft verlassen. Die Wahl der Nadel ist für jeden Operationsschritt und jedes Gewebe ausschlaggebend. Die Verwendung des korrekten Nahtmaterials in Bezug auf das zu nähende Gewebe ist jedoch essenziell, einerseits hinsichtlich der Qualität der Naht, aber auch hinsichtlich der Traumatisierung des Gewebes andererseits. Je nach Gewebe sind an Nadel wie auch an Fäden verschiedene Anforderungen zu stellen respektive zu berücksichtigen. Mit diesem Beitrag sollen die wesentlichsten und grundlegendsten Kenntnisse vermittelt werden wie Einfluss der Nadelform und Dimension, Auswirkung von atraumatischen respektive traumatischen (sog. scharfe) Nadeln auf das Gewebe, die Form der Nadelspitze. Das Zusammenspiel zwischen Nadelhalter und Nadel und der Hand des Operateurs bei verschiedenen Anwendungen wird dargestellt. In diesem Beitrag wird das Hauptaugenmerk auf Nadel und Nadelhalter gelegt. In Planung ist ein Nachfolgebeitrag, der sich speziell dem Nahtmaterial widmet. Der Beitrag erhebt nicht den Anspruch auf 100 %ige Vollständigkeit, es sollen jedoch die wesentlichsten, alltäglich vorkommenden Fragen geklärt werden.
Mathematical modeling of the elastic properties of cubic crystals at small scales based on the Toupin–Mindlin anisotropic first strain gradient elasticity
Authors: Lazar Markus , Agiasofitou Eleni , Böhlke Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, a mathematical modeling of the elastic properties of cubic crystals with centrosymmetry at small scales by means of the Toupin–Mindlin anisotropic first strain gradient elasticity theory is presented. In this framework, two constitutive tensors are involved, a constitutive tensor of fourth-rank of the elastic constants and a constitutive tensor of sixth-rank of the gradient-elastic constants. First, $$3+11$$

3
+
11

material parameters (3 elastic and 11 gradient-elastic constants), 3 characteristic lengths and $$1+6$$

1
+
6

isotropy conditions are derived. The 11 gradient-elastic constants are given in terms of the 11 gradient-elastic constants in Voigt notation. Second, the numerical values of the obtained quantities are computed for four representative cubic materials, namely aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and tungsten (W) using an interatomic potential (MEAM). The positive definiteness of the strain energy density is examined leading to 3 necessary and sufficient conditions for the elastic constants and 7 ones for the gradient-elastic constants in Voigt notation. Moreover, 5 lattice relations as well as 8 generalized Cauchy relations for the gradient-elastic constants are derived. Furthermore, using the normalized Voigt notation, a tensor equivalent matrix representation of the two constitutive tensors is given. A generalization of the Voigt average toward the sixth-rank constitutive tensor of the gradient-elastic constants is given in order to determine isotropic gradient-elastic constants. In addition, Mindlin’s isotropic first strain gradient elasticity theory is also considered offering through comparisons a deeper understanding of the influence of the anisotropy in a crystal as well as the increased complexity of the mathematical modeling.
Anaerobic 3-methylhopanoid production by an acidophilic photosynthetic purple bacterium
Authors: Mayer Marisa H. , Parenteau Mary N. , Kempher Megan L. , Madigan Michael T. , Jahnke Linda L. , Welander Paula V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBacterial lipids are well-preserved in ancient rocks and certain ones have been used as indicators of specific bacterial metabolisms or environmental conditions existing at the time of rock deposition. Here we show that an anaerobic bacterium produces 3-methylhopanoids, pentacyclic lipids previously detected only in aerobic bacteria and widely used as biomarkers for methane-oxidizing bacteria. Both Rhodopila globiformis, a phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium isolated from an acidic warm spring in Yellowstone, and a newly isolated Rhodopila species from a geochemically similar spring in Lassen Volcanic National Park (USA), synthesized 3-methylhopanoids and a suite of related hopanoids and contained the genes encoding the necessary biosynthetic enzymes. Our results show that 3-methylhopanoids can be produced under anoxic conditions and challenges the use of 3-methylhopanoids as biomarkers of oxic conditions in ancient rocks and as prima facie evidence that methanotrophic bacteria were active when the rocks were deposited.
Lernende Entscheidungsbäume
Authors: Knuth Tobias 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungEntscheidungsbäume bereichern moderne künstliche Intelligenz durch vielseitige Weiterentwicklungen. Lernende Entscheidungsbäume sind seit Jahrzehnten ein tradiertes Werkzeug zur Erstellung von erklärbaren Modellen zu Klassifikation und Regression. Während moderne Trends wie Deep Learning die Aufmerksamkeit der KI-Entwicklung auf sich ziehen, werden Entscheidungsbäume kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt, in neuen Bereichen eingesetzt und mit scheinbar im Wettstreit stehenden Methoden verschmolzen. Der Artikel stellt die Funktionsweise von Entscheidungsbäumen dar und zeigt Entwicklungen der aktuellen Forschung auf.
Impact of DMEK on visual quality in patients with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy
Authors: Ademmer Vanessa , Agha Bishr , Shajari Mehdi , Kohnen Thomas , Schmack Ingo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate short-term (3 months follow-up) changes in visual quality following Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED).

Methods
In this prospective institutional case series, 51 patients that underwent DMEK for FED were included. Assessment included the Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire preoperatively, at 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were anterior segment parameters acquired by Scheimpflug imaging, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and endothelial cell density (ECD).

Results
Glare, hazy vision, blurred vision, and daily fluctuation in vision were the symptoms mostly reported preoperatively. All symptoms demonstrated a significant reduction of item scores for severity, frequency, and bothersome in the course after DMEK (P < 0.01). Glare and fluctuation in vision remained to some extent during the follow-up period (median score = 1). Preoperatively, corneal densitometry correlated moderately to weakly with severity of hazy vision (rs = 0.39; P = 0.03) and frequency (rs = 0.26; P = 0.02) as well as severity (rs = 0.27; P = 0.03) of blurry vision. CDVA and central corneal thickness (CCT) did not correlate with visual complains.

Conclusions
Following DMEK for FED, patient-reported visual symptoms assessed by the QoV questionnaire represent a useful tool providing valuable information on the impact of DMEK on visual quality that cannot be directly estimated by morphological parameters and visual acuity only.
Factors affecting the oral health of inpatients with advanced cancer in palliative care
Authors: Furuya Junichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Hidaka Rena , Koshitani Nei , Motomatsu Yuko , Kabasawa Yuji , Tohara Haruka , Sato Yuji , Minakuchi Shunsuke , Miyake Satoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with terminal cancer undergoing multidisciplinary palliative care often have oral health problems, but these details are still unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the oral health of patients with terminal-stage cancer who are inpatient recipients of acute-phase palliative care, and to unveil the factors affecting their oral health.

Methods
Participants were 121 patients with terminal-stage cancer (68 males, 53 females, mean age: 73.6 ± 11.1 years) and oral health complaints. They received palliative care at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital between April 2017 and August 2019. Their demographic and medical details were extracted, retrospectively, from their medical records, and their oral health status, such as the number of natural teeth, removable denture usage, Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), and Dysphagia Severity Scale, were evaluated. All outcomes were assessed by a dentist from the palliative care team.

Results
The problems with soft tissue, saliva, and oral cleanliness were observed. The absence of posterior occlusal support was common, and the use of removable dentures was often inadequate. In contrast, swallowing function was relatively well-conserved and 46.3% of the participants were capable of nutrition intake solely by mouth. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between total OHAT score and age, consciousness level, prognostic level, and method of nutritional intake.

Conclusion
The results revealed that the oral health of terminal cancer patients under palliative care declined despite receiving routine oral care from nurses, and suggest the importance of including dental professionals in multidisciplinary palliative care.
Fast Evaluation of Caprock Strength Sensitivity to Different CO2 Solutions Using Small Sample Techniques
Authors: Edvardsen Laura , Bhuiyan Mohammad H. , Cerasi Pierre R. , Bjørge Ruben 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Draupne shale is a rock formation functioning as overburden for gas reservoirs in the Norwegian Sea and potentially as caprock for future CO2 storage locations as well. In this paper, the Draupne shale was exposed to several fluids: CO2 gas, supercritical CO2, CO2 gas dissolved in brine, supercritical CO2 dissolved in brine, as well as brine and dry air. The motivation for the exposure tests was to investigate whether injected CO2 in a reservoir coming into contact with the caprock could change the caprock’s mechanical properties and increase the risk for leakage of the stored CO2. In addition, a systematic exposure study will provide more insight into the various processes susceptible of altering the shale’s shear strength and acoustic velocity, such as clay hydration, mineral dissolution, and capillary forces. Due to the low permeability of the shale, experiments were conducted on mm-sized disk samples, reducing fluid diffusion into the shale, and allowing for many repeated tests on disks close by in the original core. The punch method, where a small circle is punched out of the shale, was used to assess shear strength, while continuous wave technique was used to assess ultrasonic velocity. Results show that the shale is not noticeably sensitive to CO2, in the sense that no additional weakening is observed in the presence of CO2 as compared to brine exposure. This last weakening effect is probably due to poor matching between pore fluid salinity and exposure brine strength.