bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Food Choices in Different Sports: Importance of Sustainability, Performance and Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nuszbaum Cosima , Wollmar Mari , Sjöberg Agneta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: This study investigates food preferences among individuals active in different sports. Since food intake affects the carbon footprint, it is of interest to investigate influencing factors of food choices regarding sustainability. Physically active individuals are in need for high intakes of energy and protein in order to maintain their performance. Little is known about what influence food choices in this population. Method: A survey of a sample of 367 individuals was conducted in German and Swedish gyms, climbing halls and CrossFit boxes. Therefore, a questionnaire was developed to capture information about factors influencing food choice and consumed protein sources. Kruskal-Wallis-test tested significant differences between sport groups and physical activity levels.Results: The most frequently consumed animal-based protein were dairy-products, and the most frequently used plant-based source were grains. Taste and health were the main influences on food choices. Significant differences were observed between sport groups and physical activity levels. Sustainability was ranked as moderately important, with the highest importance in people active in the outdoor sports running and climbing. Participants with high physical activity levels and active in CrossFit rated performance more important than the rest of the sample and consumed protein supplements, eggs and poultry more frequently. Conclusion: Differences in food choices between various sports and physical activity levels were identified. Understanding the underlying influences on food choices might help to motivate a shift towards a more sustainable diet in athletes.
Retrospective Analysis of a Longitudinal Single Institution 219 Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patient Cohort
Authors: Gans Melissa D , Goodman Brian , Bernstein Larry , Eisenberg Rachel , Rubinstein Arye 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency is a heterogenous disorder of the immune system associated with immunodeficiency, lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, and malignancy. Certain laboratory characteristics of common variable immunodeficiency patients can be associated with an increase of related clinical sequelae, though there is limited data on predictive characteristics for clinical sequelae in CVID patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze a unique large CVID patient cohort for predictive laboratory characteristics of clinical sequelae. A retrospective chart review was performed of a longitudinal cohort of CVID patients treated at a single institution, largely by a single provider with higher dose replacement immunoglobulin, that has not been previously described. 219 CVID patients were followed for 1,990 patient-years. 86% of the patients were on immunoglobulin with an average IgG trough of 1260 mg/dL. Low IgG at time of diagnosis, low CD19 absolute cell count, and poor mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation were associated with increase of CVID clinical sequelae. In particular, this cohort demonstrates the novel finding that low IgG at time of diagnosis prior to immunoglobulin replacement is associated with a higher incidence of lymphoma, bronchiectasis, granulomatous disease, lymphoid hyperplasia, splenomegaly, and hepatic disease.
A rapid method for identifying ploidy level in Isatis indigotica Fortune and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus
Authors: Su Yong , Zhang Man , Guo Qiao Sheng , Wang Tao , Liu Chang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The genus Isatis is widely distributed throughout the world. In this work, thirty-two Isatis indigotica Fortune germplasms, collected from different regions and geographical locations in China, were analyzed the ploidy levels by flow cytometry. I. indigotica Fort. and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus distinguished with root tip chromosome compression staining and cell flow cytometry. Microscopic observation showed that the chromosome numbers of I. indigotica Fort. and I. tinctoria L. were 2n = 14 and 2n = 28, respectively. In order to establish a flow cytometric nuclear experiment system suitable for I. indigotica Fort., the leaves of I. indigotica Fort. were used to prepare nuclear suspension with LB01, OTTO, Tris·MgCl2, patent of Luochang and Galbraith extraction buffer. It was found that the histogram generated by LB01, OTTO, Tris·MgCl2 and Patent of Luochang dissociation solution has poor peak shapes and large CV values, and Galbraith dissociation solution extraction buffer was suitable for extracting nuclei from most germplasms. Flow cytometry proved to be a simple, rapid, and highly accurate method for identifying ploidy levels Isatis species.
Multicenter Study on the Diagnostic of Imaging Tests and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Ricardo Vítor Doria , Marchetti Giulia , de Almeida Arthur Ferraz , Lopes César Vivian , Reis Jerusa Santos dos , Bonin Eduardo Aimoré , Callegari Carlos Eduardo Gomes , de Araújo Wladimir Campos , Machado Marcel Autran , ARDENGH Jose Celso 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Imaging diagnosis of SPN is difficult. Preoperative diagnosis by EUS-FNA) is possible, safe, and has been reported in the literature. However, its usefulness is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the EUS-FNA and imaging findings in CT and MRI/MRCP exams in the diagnosis of patients with SPN.
Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients undergoing EUS-FNA with suspected diagnosis of SPN on imaging studies in 5 high-volume hospitals. The final diagnosis was obtained after the histological examination of the surgical specimen. Demographic data, CT, MRI and EUS findings, anatomopathological specimen and McH results obtained by EUS were analyzed.
Results

Fifty-four patients were included, of which 49 (90.7%) were women with an average age of 33.4 (range 11–78) years. The most common symptom presented was abdominal pain, present in 35.2%. SPN was detected incidentally in 32 (59%). The mean size of the tumors was 3.8 cm (SD: 2.26). The most common findings at EUS were a solid, solid/cystic, and cystic lesion in 52.9%, 41.1% and 7.8%, respectively. The final diagnosis was SPN in 51 patients and NF-NET in 3. The correct diagnosis was made by CT, MRI, EUS and EUS-FNA in 21.9%, 28.9%, 64.7% and 88.2%, respectively. EUS-FNA associated with CT and MRI increased diagnostic performance to 94.11% and 94.11%, respectively.
Conclusion

Differential diagnosis between SPN and NF-NET with imaging tests can be difficult. EUS-FNA increases preoperative diagnosis in such cases and should be routinely used to rule out NF-NET.
A Comparative Retrospective Study of COVID-19 Responses in Four Countries
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Shi Leiyu , Zhang Yuyao , Chen Haiqian , Jiao Jun , Yang Manfei , Sun Gang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective This study compared the government policies and non-pharmaceutical interventions adopted by South Korea, Japan, India, and China in response to COVID-19 during 2020-2021. We hope that our study would propose policies for future COVID-19 waves and provide lessons for future responses to similar infectious diseases.Methods We made a retrospective study by analyzing the government policies and non-pharmaceutical interventions in these four countries. Results From January 2020 to May 18, 2021, South Korea and Japan experienced three waves of COVID-19 epidemic, but the number of daily new confirmed cases per million people was relatively small in both countries, and South Korea had fewer daily new confirmed cases per million than Japan. Following the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan in late 2019, China successfully contained the first wave of the outbreak and is not currently experiencing a large-scale resurgence of the epidemic. India is experiencing a grim second wave of the epidemic, with far more daily new confirmed cases per million people than South Korea and Japan. Throughout 2020, the number of COVID-19 deaths per million population remains low in South Korea, Japan, and China, while India has seen an upward trend in deaths per million population since July. As of May 18, 2021, the number of total tests per thousand people in South Korea, India, and Japan was 230.65, 181.23, and 99.59, respectively. South Korea and India both have more than twice as total tests per thousand people as Japan.Conclusion Successful practices in China and South Korea show that--case identification and management, coupled with close contact tracing and isolation, is a powerful strategy. The lessons of Japan and India show that social distancing is an effective measure, but only if it is rigor and persistent. Finally, in both developed and developing countries, the development of health care systems and coordinated government leadership play a key role in overcoming epidemics.
Metallophores Production by Bacteria Isolated From Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil and Sediment at Lerma-chapala Basin
Authors:   Jessica Maldonado-Hernández1, Román-Ponce Brenda , Herrera Ivan Arroyo , Guevara-Luna Joseph , Ramos-Garza Juan , Embarcadero-Jiménez Salvador , Santos Paulina Estrada de los , Wang En Tao , Murrieta María Soledad Vásquez 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Environmental pollution derived from heavy metals (HMs) is a worldwide problem and the implementation of eco-friendly technologies for remediation of the pollution are necessary. The metallophores are low-molecular weight compounds that have important biotechnological applications in agriculture, medicine and biorremediation. The aim of this work was to isolate the HM resistant bacteria from soils and sediments of Lerma-Chapala basin, and to evaluate their abilities to produce metallophores and to promote plant growth. A total of 320 bacteria were recovered, and the siderophores synthesis was detected in cultures of 170 of the total isolates. The Lerma-Chapala Basin bacteria also produced metallophores for all the tested metal ions and presented a greater production of As3+ metallophores. The members in genera Delftia and Pseudomonas showed siderophores production above 92 percent siderophore units (psu). In addition, the hydroxamate was the most common fuctional group among the analyzed siderophores. Also, the bacteria showed high HM resistance especially to Zn2+, As5+ and Ni2+. Our results evidenced that Lerma-Chapala basin bacteria or their metallophores could be employed in biorremediation process or may even have potential for applications in other biotechnological purposes.
Event Prediction Based On Large Scale Network Subgraph Convolution
Authors: Wu XiaoWei , Bu FanLiang , Hou ZhiWen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of event prediction in large-scale event network, a collapse subgraph convolution (CSGCN) algorithm is proposed, which uses event subgraph to predict the subsequent events of event group. CSGCN algorithm collapses the edge induced event subgraph in large-scale event network, removes the irrelevant event nodes from the subgraph, and forms a new event subgraph. GCN algorithm is used to learn the graph embedding representation of the event subgraph, and the subsequent events of the event group are predicted by comparing the similarity between the graph embedding representation of the event group and the subsequent events. Because only some related nodes are processed each time, the application of the model in large-scale data graph is feasible. Through experiments, we explore and verify the effectiveness of extracting features from subgraphs of large-scale graph by using graph convolution training to obtain graph embedding representation. We find that GCN has better event prediction effect than Euclidean distance and co rotation similarity, which further shows that graph convolution algorithm has good performance in the field of graph feature extraction.
Operative Choice for Open Tibial Shaft Fracture in Children: A Comparative Study of External Fixator Vs. Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Hong Pan , Rai Saroj , Tang Xin , Liu Ruikang , Li Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionExternal fixator (EF) is a preferred choice for open tibial fractures, but pin tract infection (PTI) and refracture are common complications. Elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) has been reported in the treatment for open tibial fractures. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of EF vs. ESIN in the treatment for open tibial shaft fracture in children retrospectively.Material and methodsPatients aged 5-11 years old with Gustilo-Anderson II and IIIA tibial shaft fracture treated at our institute from January 2008 to January 2018 were reviewed retrospectively and categorized into EF (n = 55) and ESIN (n = 37) group. Patients with pathological fracture, neuromuscular disorder, metabolic disease, previous tibial fracture or instrumentation, and polytrauma were excluded. Patients with follow up less than 24 months or incomplete medical records were also excluded. ResultsIn all, fifty-five patients (33 males, 22 females) were included in the EF group, whereas 37 patients (21 males, 16 females) were included in the ESIN group. There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning sex, age, body weight, duration from injury to surgery, Gustilo-Anderson (GA) classification, and concomitant injuries. There was no patient of nonunion and malunion in either group. The incidence of implant prominence was higher in the ESIN group (16%) than those in the EF group (0), P < 0.001. The angulation was higher in the EF group than ESIN group in coronal and sagittal plane, P < 0.001. The radiological union was faster in the ESIN group (7.0 ± 0.9, weeks) than those in the EF group (9.0 ± 2.2), P < 0.001. Limb length discrepancy (LLD) was significantly longer in the EF group (12.1 ± 4.4, mm) than those in the ESIN group (7.3 ± 4.3, mm), P < 0.001. ConclusionESIN is a viable option in selected patients of GA grade II and IIIA open tibial fractures with comparable clinical outcomes as external fixator, but with less complications including superficial infection, residual angulation and refracture after hardware removal.
Identification and biotechnological characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from White Cheese Samples
Authors: Akbulut Sumeyya , Baltaci Mustafa Ozkan , Adiguzel Gulsah , Adiguzel Ahmet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, the isolation of lactic acid bacteria were carried out from approximately one hundred white cheese samples collected from different regions of Turkey. Subsequently, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates were performed. Finally, biotechnological enzyme and bacteriocin production potentials of the isolates were determined. As a result of the analysis, a total of fourty one bacteria were isolated and seventeen of them were found to be different species. The isolates generally grew at 4–6 pH values, 0–8% NaCl and 30–40 oC. Genomic fingerprint profiles of the isolates were determined by using BOX-PCR. According to 16S rRNA sequence results, test strains belong to Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Levilactobacillus brevis, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Pediococcus lolii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Lysnibacillus sinduriensis, P. parvulus, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum, Staphylococcus hominis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus yunnanensis, Microbacterium paraoxydans and Micrococcus aloeverae species. Since the isolate coded MA56 is 96.41% similar to Lentilactobacillus buchneri, it is thought to be a new species. Also MA19, MA25, MA43 and MA47 were determined to have multi-enzyme production potential. MA43 was found to be the only isolate producing bacteriocin.
Hybrid point and interval prediction approaches for drought modeling using ground-based and remote sensing data
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Ghasempour Roghayeh , Kirca V. S. Ozgur , Demirel Mehmet Cüneyd 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Drought as a severe natural disaster has devastating effects on the environment; therefore, reliable drought prediction is an important issue. In the current study, based on lower upper bound estimation, hybrid models including data preprocessing, permutation entropy, and artificial intelligence (AI) methods were used for point and interval predictions of short- to long-term series of Standardized Precipitation Index in the Northwest of Iran. Ground-based and remote sensing precipitation data were used covering the period of 1983–2017. In the modeling process, first, the data processing capability via variational mode decomposition (VMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and permutation entropy (PE) was investigated in drought point prediction. Then, interval prediction was applied for tolerating increased uncertainty and providing more details for practical operation decisions. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed integrated models could achieve significantly better performance compared to single models. Hybrid PE models increased the modeling accuracy up to 40 and 55%. Finally, the efficiency of developed models was verified for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index prediction. Results demonstrated that the proposed methodology based on remote sensing data and VMD–PE–AI approaches could be successfully used for drought modeling, especially in limited or non-gauged areas.
Patrimonio gastronómico de la Provincia de Yariguíes (Santander, Colombia)
Authors: Rodríguez-Martínez Luz Marina , Dallos Indira Andrea Quiroga 
Published: June 2021

Ante la evidente pérdida de las tradiciones gastronómicas en Santander, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal contribuir a la salvaguardia de patrimonio gastronómico de la Provincia de Yariguies (o Provincia de Mares hasta el año 2019) a partir de la identificación, caracterización y análisis de sus principales componentes. Desde un enfoque de investigación formativa, la metodología empleada se basó en la revisión de fuentes secundarias sobre la gastronomía y la cultura, de los municipios San Vicente de Chucurí, Barrancabermeja, Betulia, El Carmen de Chucurí, Sabana de Torres y Puerto Wilches. Así mismo, se realizó trabajo de campo en estos municipios con el fin reconocer de modo crítico los usos gastronómicos propios de la región, los distintos productos y preparaciones más representativos identificando a las Maestras de la Cocina a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada con la que se pretendía conocer las costumbres, los usos y tradiciones en las preparaciones, y los productos agrícolas más representativos de este territorio y que hacen parte de las preparaciones de los platos tradicionales, así mismo consultar sobre los ambientes culturales en torno a la comida tradicional y típica de esta provincia. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se encontró que en la provincia Yariguies existe variada gastronomía típica y tradicional, el oficio predominante es la pesca particularmente con red y anzuelo, oficio que tienen los pobladores para generar ingresos y realizar sus preparaciones culinarias con pescados como el bocachico, la dorada y el blanquillo. Así mismo los productos que se cultivan en esta región como el aguacate, el ñame, la yuca, el plátano, entre otros, hacen parte de los platos elaborados. La participación de familiares y amigos al ritmo de música y baile se evidencia en la dinámica gastronómica de la región. Finalmente, como acción para la salvaguardia se plantea la elaboración de un documento audiovisual por medio del cual se registra y se facilita la divulgación de este y se reconocen las características de los hallazgos bajo los parámetros institucionales del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial.
Obstructive Jaundice does not Change the Population Pharmacokinetics
of Etomidate in Patients who Underwent Bile Duct Surgery
Authors: Song Jin-Chao , Meng Xiao-Yan , Yu Wei-Feng , Yang Hua , Gao Hao , Cai Mei-Hua , Zhang Ma-Zhong 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Etomidate is commonly used in the induction of anesthesia. We have previously
confirmed that etomidate requirements are significantly reduced in patients with obstructive
jaundice and that etomidate anesthesia during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP) results in more stable hemodynamics compared to propofol. The aim of the present
study is to investigate whether obstructive jaundice affects the pharmacokinetics of etomidate in patients
who underwent bile duct surgery.

Methods:
A total of 18 patients with obstructive jaundice and 12 non-jaundiced patients scheduled
for bile duct surgery were enrolled in the study. Etomidate 0.333 mg/kg was administered by IV bolus
for anesthetic induction. Arterial blood samples were drawn before, during, and up to 300 minutes
after the bolus. Plasma etomidate concentrations were determined using a validated high-performance
liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. A nonlinear mixed-effects population
modeling approach was used to characterize etomidate pharmacokinetics. The covariates of
age, gender, height, weight, Body Surface area (BSA), Body Mass Index (BMI), Lean Body Mass
(LBM), Total Bilirubin (TBL), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase
(AST), total bile acid (TBA), creatinine (CR), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were tested for significant
effects on parameters using a multiple forward selection approach. Covariate effects were
judged based on changes in the Objective Function Value (OFV).

Results:
A three-compartment disposition model adequately described the pharmacokinetics of etomidate.
The model was further improved when height was a covariate of total clearance
[Cl1=1.30+0.0232(HT-162), ΔOFV=-7.33; P<0.01)]. The introduction of any other covariates, including
bilirubin and total bile acids, did not improve the model significantly (P>0.01). For the
height of 162cm, the final pharmacokinetic parameter values were as follows: V1=1.42 (95% CI,
1.01-1.83, L), V2=5.52 (95% CI, 4.07-6.97, L), V3=63.9 (95% CI, 41.95-85.85, L),Cl1= 1.30 (95%
CI, 1.19-1.41, L/min), Cl2= 1.21 (95%CI, 0.95-1.47, L/min), and Cl3=0.584 (95%CI, 0.95-1.21,
L/min), respectively.

Conclusion:
A 3-compartment open model might best describe the concentration profile of etomidate
after bolus infusion for anesthesia induction. The pharmacokinetics of etomidate did not
change by the presence of obstructive jaundice.
The Contemporary Management of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mailey Jonathan A. , Spence Mark S. 
Published: June 2021

:
The ‘gold standard’ in the management of left main coronary artery disease has historically
been coronary artery bypass surgery. Recent innovations in drug-eluting stent technology coupled
with the increasing utility of physiology and imaging guidance for procedures have led to an
evolving role of percutaneous coronary intervention in left main disease of low and intermediate
anatomical complexity. This revascularization modality carries the clear advantage of being less invasive
and significantly reduced recovery times. This practice is currently supported by international
guidelines, however, it remains a controversial topic in the field of interventional cardiology,
and the long-term outcomes of a percutaneous strategy have been questioned.
This review describes the current evidence base for the assessment and choice of intervention in
left main coronary artery disease. The percutaneous revascularization techniques and use of imaging
to optimize procedures and improve clinical outcomes have been discussed.