bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Identification of Petroleum Reservoir Well Testing Models Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (GoogleNet)
Authors: Alizadeh S. M. , Khodabakhshi A. , Abaei Hassani P. , Vaferi B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIdentification of reservoir interpretation model from pressure transient signals is a well-established technique in petroleum engineering. This technique aims to detect wellbore, reservoir, and boundary models employing an efficient matching process. The matching was first done manually; it then tried to be automated using artificial intelligence techniques. The level of uncertainty of matching outputs sharply increases, especially for noisy and incomplete signals. In this study, the pretrained GoogleNet (a novel combination of continuous wavelet transforms and deep convolutional neural networks) is used to decrease the uncertainty of matching results. Based on our best knowledge, it is the first application of GoogleNet to analyze transient signals in petroleum engineering. This technique is used to classify a relatively huge database, including synthetic, noisy, incomplete, and real-field signals. The GoogleNet can correctly discriminate among different reservoir interpretation classes with an overall classification accuracy of 98.36%. Moreover, it can successfully handle noisy, incomplete, and real-field pressure transient signals.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Using Ethanol—Methanol— Gasoline Blends in a Turbocharged, Spark-Ignition Engine
Authors: Feng Hongqing , Xiao Shuwen , Nan Zhirong , Wang Di , Yang Chaohe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Low-carbon alcohols have been universally acknowledged as an alternative to fossil fuel in the world, which is environmentally friendly and clean. In this paper, the detailed exergy and energy analysis was carried out on a turbocharged, spark-ignition (SI) engine fueled with methanol−ethanol−gasoline (GEM) under non-knock conditions. The results indicated that increasing the alcohols proportion in blends could slightly improve the exergy efficiency and thermal efficiency and increase the percentage of total irreversibility in the total exergy. The thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency increased to a maximum value and then decreased, while the proportion of total irreversibility in the total exergy increased significantly with the spark timing retarded from the earliest timing. The exergy efficiency and thermal efficiency increased as the engine load increased. Additionally, the total irreversibility increased but the proportion of total irreversibility in the total exergy presented a trend of decreasing as the engine load increased.
Multi-Physical Simulation of Stirring Effect on Heating Uniformity in a Microwave Reactor With an Interlayer
Authors: Zou Pengcheng , Jin Guangyuan , Nie Guoyu , Song Chunfang , Cui Zhengwei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to the exhaustion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation, biodiesel has attracted much attention as a new energy source. Currently, microwave reactors are used extensively for producing biodiesel. However, nonuniform heating of producing biodiesel in microwave reactors is a major problem. In order to solve the problem, a microwave reactor with an interlayer which can obviously improve the uniformity of microwave heating was designed. In this work, the heating efficiency and heating uniformity of the reactor were discussed from two aspects of waveguide position and interlayer thickness by means of multi-physical coupling calculation. According to the calculation results, the optimization model of a microwave reactor with an interlayer was obtained. Then, based on the above optimization model of a microwave reactor with an interlayer, a stirrer that can improve the heat transfer of the fluid material was introduced. The Maxwell equation, heat transfer equation, and flow equation were coupled by the multi-physical field simulation method to explore the influence of different factors of the stirrer on power consumption and heating uniformity. Through response surface analysis, it was found that the primary and secondary order of stirring factors affecting microwave heating uniformity was stirring speed &gt; impeller diameter &gt; bottom clearance, and there was an interaction between different factors. From the two aspects of stirring power consumption and heating uniformity, the best stirring effect was obtained.
Recess Behaviors of Urban Children 16 Months After a Green Schoolyard Renovation
Authors: Raney Marcella A. , Bowers Abbie L. , Rissberger Amanda L. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Green schoolyard renovations lead to immediate positive changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and social behavior. This pilot study examines whether these benefits are equally distributed across gender and age and maintained 16 months postgreening. Methods: Physical activity and social interactions during recess were recorded at control (n = 389) and experimental (n = 642) Title I urban elementary schools with direct observation and accelerometers. Results: Activity profiles were similar to 4-month postgreening and to baseline for experimental girls and boys, respectively. There was no difference in MVPA minutes between sexes (girls = 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.1 to 12.5]; boys = 12.8; 95% CI, 12.0 to 13.4) and no difference in sitting minutes between age groups (first to fourth = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5 to 2.6; fifth to sixth = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.4) in green areas. Experimental students spent more time in MVPA (11.2 min; 95% CI, 10.6 to 11.8 vs 8.9 min; 95% CI, 8.3 to 9.3), in small groups (10.6 min; 95% CI, 10.2 to 11.0 vs 9.2 min; 95% CI, 8.5 to 9.9), and engaged in more prosocial interactions (5.5; 95% CI, 5.1 to 6.3 vs 3.7; 95% CI, 3.0 to 4.2) than control students. Conclusions: Green schoolyard renovations result in persistent changes to recess behavior that are characteristic of a more collaborative community and counteract age-related declines in MVPA, particularly for girls.
Postcaldera intrusive magmatism at the Platoro caldera complex, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado, USA
Authors: Gilmer Amy K. , Thompson Ren A. , Lipman Peter W. , Vazquez Jorge A. , Souders A. Kate 
Published: April 2021

The Oligocene Platoro caldera complex of the San Juan volcanic locus in Colorado (USA) features numerous exposed plutons both within the caldera and outside its margins, enabling investigation of the timing and evolution of postcaldera magmatism. Intrusion whole-rock geochemistry and phenocryst and/or mineral trace element compositions coupled with new zircon U-Pb geochronology and zircon in situ Lu-Hf isotopes document distinct pulses of magma from beneath the caldera complex. Fourteen intrusions, the Chiquito Peak Tuff, and the dacite of Fisher Gulch were dated, showing intrusive magmatism began after the 28.8 Ma eruption of the Chiquito Peak Tuff and continued to 24 Ma. Additionally, magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization is associated with the intrusive magmatism within and around the margins of the Platoro caldera complex.
After caldera collapse, three plutons were emplaced within the subsided block between ca. 28.8 and 28.6 Ma. These have broadly similar modal mineralogy and whole-rock geochemistry. Despite close temporal relations between the tuff and the intrusions, mineral textures and compositions indicate that the larger two intracaldera intrusions are discrete later pulses of magma. Intrusions outside the caldera are younger, ca. 28–26.3 Ma, and smaller in exposed area. They contain abundant glomerocrysts and show evidence of open-system processes such as magma mixing and crystal entrainment. The protracted magmatic history at the Platoro caldera complex documents the diversity of the multiple discrete magma pulses needed to generate large composite volcanic fields.
One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets
Authors: Bao Jinhua , Yang Adeline , Huang Yingying , Li Xue , Pan Yiguo , Ding Chenglu , Lim Ee Woon , Zheng Jingwei , Spiegel Daniel P , Drobe Björn , Lu Fan , Chen Hao 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo evaluate the 1-year efficacy of two new myopia control spectacle lenses with lenslets of different asphericity.MethodsOne hundred seventy schoolchildren aged 8–13 years with myopia of −0.75 D to −4.75 D were randomised to receive spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL), spectacle lenses with slightly aspherical lenslets (SAL), or single-vision spectacle lenses (SVL). Cycloplegic autorefraction (spherical equivalent refraction (SER)), axial length (AL) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at baseline and 6-month intervals. Adaptation and compliance questionnaires were administered during all visits.ResultsAfter 1 year, the mean changes in the SER (±SE) and AL (±SE) in the SVL group were −0.81±0.06 D and 0.36±0.02 mm. Compared with SVL, the myopia control efficacy measured using SER was 67% (difference of 0.53 D) for HAL and 41% (difference of 0.33 D) for SAL, and the efficacy measured using AL was 64% (difference of 0.23 mm) for HAL and 31% (difference of 0.11 mm) for SAL (all p<0.01). HAL resulted in significantly greater myopia control than SAL for SER (difference of 0.21 D, p<0.001) and AL (difference of 0.12 mm, p<0.001). The mean BCVA (−0.01±0.1 logMAR, p=0.22) and mean daily wearing time (13.2±2.6 hours, p=0.26) were similar among the three groups. All groups adapted to their lenses with no reported adverse events, complaints or discomfort.ConclusionsSpectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets effectively slow myopia progression and axial elongation compared with SVL. Myopia control efficacy increased with lenslet asphericity.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800017683.
Association of polymorphisms in ZFHX1B, KCNQ5 and GJD2 with myopia progression and polygenic risk prediction in children
Authors: Chen Li Jia , Li Fen Fen , Lu Shi Yao , Zhang Xiu Juan , Kam Ka Wai , Tang Shu Min , Tam Pancy OS , Yip Wilson WK , Young Alvin L , Tham Clement C , Pang Chi Pui , Yam Jason C 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo assess the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with myopia progression for polygenic risk prediction in children.MethodsSix SNPs (ZC3H11B rs4373767, ZFHX1B rs13382811, KCNQ5 rs7744813, MET rs2073560, SNTB1 rs7839488 and GJD2 rs524952) were analysed in 1043 school children, who completed 3-year follow-up, using TaqMan genotyping assays. SNP associations with progression in spherical equivalent (SE) were analysed by logistic regression. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were applied for computing the sum of the risk alleles of multiple SNPs corresponding to myopia progression, weighted by the effect sizes of corresponding SNPs.ResultsGJD2 rs524952 showed significant association with fast progression (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.59; p=0.003) and KCNQ5 rs7744813 had nominal association (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.67; p=0.02). In quantitative traits locus analysis, GJD2 rs524952 and KCNQ5 rs7744813 were associated with progression in SE (β=−0.038 D/year, p=0.008 and β=−0.042 D/year, p=0.02) and axial elongation (β=0.016 mm/year, p=0.01 and β=0.017 mm/year, p=0.027). ZFHX1B rs13382811 also showed nominal association with faster progression in SE (β=−0.041 D/year, p=0.02). PRS analysis showed that children with the highest PRS defined by rs13382811, rs7744813 and rs524952 had a 2.26-fold of increased risk of fast myopia progression (p=4.61×10−5). PRS was also significantly associated with SE progression (R2=1.6%, p=3.15×10−5) and axial elongation (R2=1.2%, p=2.6×10−4).ConclusionsIn this study, multi-tiered evidence suggested SNPs in ZFHX1B, KCNQ5 and GJD2 as risk factors for myopia progression in children. Additional attention and appropriate interventions should be given for myopic children with high-risk PRS as defined by GJD2 rs524952, KCNQ5 rs7744813 and ZFHX1B rs13382811.
Feasibility of a prehabilitation programme dedicated to older patients with cancer before complex medical–surgical procedures: the PROADAPT pilot study protocol
Authors: Roche Mélanie , Ravot Christine , Malapert Amélie , Paget-Bailly Sophie , Garandeau Charlène , Pitiot Virginie , Tomatis Mélanie , Riche Benjamin , Galamand Béatrice , Granger Marion , Barbavara Claire , Bourgeois Chrystelle , Genest Evelyne , Stefani Laetitia , Haïne Max , Castel-Kremer Elisabeth , Morel-Soldner Isabelle , Collange Vincent , Le Saux Olivia , Dayde David , Falandry Claire 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAgeing is associated with an increased prevalence of comorbidities and sarcopenia as well as a decline of functional reserve of multiple organ systems, which may lead, in the context of the disease-related and/or treatment-related stress, to functional deconditioning. The multicomponent ‘Prehabilitation & Rehabilitation in Oncogeriatrics: Adaptation to Deconditioning risk and Accompaniment of Patients’ Trajectories (PROADAPT)’ intervention was developed multiprofessionally to implement prehabilitation in older patients with cancer.MethodsThe PROADAPT pilot study is an interventional, non-comparative, prospective, multicentre study. It will include 122 patients oriented to complex medical–surgical curative procedures (major surgery or radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy). After informed consent, patients will undergo a comprehensive geriatric assessment and will be offered a prehabilitation kit that includes an advice booklet with personalised objectives and respiratory rehabilitation devices. Patients will then be called weekly and monitored for physical and respiratory rehabilitation, preoperative renutrition, motivational counselling and iatrogenic prevention. Six outpatient visits will be planned: at inclusion, a few days before the procedure and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the end of the procedure. The main outcome of the study is the feasibility of the intervention, defined as the ability to perform at least one of the components of the programme. Clinical data collected will include patient-specific and cancer-specific characteristics.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ile de France 8 ethics committee on 5 June 2018. The results of the primary and secondary objectives will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03659123. Pre-results of the trial.
Leishmaniasis in Cameroon: what is known and is done so far? A protocol for systematic review
Authors: Djune Yemeli Linda , Domche André , Nana Djeunga Hugues C , Lenou Nanga Cédric G , Njih Tabah Earnest , Nko"Ayissi Georges B , Kamgno Joseph 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe first visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases were reported in Cameroon since more than six decades. However, interest in the disease has decreased over time and data on its epidemiology across the country are scanty. This systematic review aims to update data on what is known and done so far on leishmaniasis in Cameroon.Methods and analysisPubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science will be searched from inception onwards. Grey literature will be identified through Google Scholar searches, dissertation databases and other relevant documents such as report of the National Control Program. Searches will be conducted between January and February 2021. All studies reporting endemicity, distribution, infecting species, vectors and reservoirs will be eligible. The main outcomes will be epidemiological data (infection rate, distribution, infecting species, vectors and animal reservoir), while the secondary outcomes will be the cases management (diagnostic, treatment, reporting, intervention…). Two reviewers will independently screen eligible papers, and potential conflicts will be resolved by involving a third reviewer as an adjudicator. Methodological quality including bias will be appraised using a methodological quality critical appraisal checklist proposed in the Joanna Briggs Institute systematic review methods manual. A narrative synthesis will describe quality and content of the epidemiological evidence. Data on prevalence and vectors will be used to draw thematic maps of the distribution of leishmaniasis in Cameroon.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not require ethical approval as it will be based on already published or unpublished data. The final report of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and the outcomes will be used (1) as baseline information to design further studies that will help to better refine the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in Cameroon, and (2) to inform both programme managers and policy-makers of the situation of leishmaniasis in the country.Systematic review registrationThis protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42020211864) database.
Impact of corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ho Kam Sing , Narasimhan Bharat , Difabrizio Larry , Rogers Linda , Bose Sonali , Li Li , Chen Roger , Sheehan Jacqueline , El-Halabi Maan Ajwad , Sarosky Kimberly , Wang Zichen , Eisenberg Elliot , Powell Charles , Steiger David 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundCorticosteroids are a potential therapeutic agent for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The RECOVERY (Randomised Trials in COVID-19 Therapy) trial provided data on the mortality benefits of corticosteroids. The study aimed to determine the association between corticosteroid use on mortality and infection rates and to define subgroups who may benefit from corticosteroids in a real-world setting.MethodsClinical data were extracted that included demographic, laboratory data and details of the therapy, including the administration of corticosteroids, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and anticoagulation. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation. Outcomes were compared in patients who did and did not receive corticosteroids using the multivariate Cox regression model.Results4313 patients were hospitalised with COVID-19 during the study period, of whom 1270 died (29.4%). When administered within the first 7 days after admission, corticosteroids were associated with reduced mortality (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.97, p=0.03) and decreased transfers to the ICU (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.11, p=0.02). This mortality benefit was particularly impressive in younger patients (<65 years of age), females and those with elevated inflammatory markers, defined as C reactive protein ≥150 mg/L (p≤0.05), interleukin-6 ≥20 pg/mL (p≤0.05) or D-dimer ≥2.0 µg/L (p≤0.05). Therapy was safe with similar rates of bacteraemia and fungaemia in corticosteroid-treated and non-corticosteroid-treated patients.ConclusionIn patients hospitalised with COVID-19 pneumonia, corticosteroid use within the first 7 days of admission decreased mortality and ICU admissions with no associated increase in bacteraemia or fungaemia.
Determining the influence of snow and temperature on the movement rates of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)
Authors: Sheppard A.H.C. , Hecker L.J. , Edwards M.A. , Nielsen S.E. 
Published: April 2021

Snow is understood to limit wildlife movements, often being the most important determinant of winter movement for animals in the boreal forest. However, the combined effect of snow and temperature on the movement ecology of animals at high latitudes is less understood. Here, we used GPS-collar data from a small population of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads, 1898) in northeastern Alberta, Canada, to develop a series of generalized additive mixed models characterizing the effect of cumulative snow depth, daily change in snow depth, and temperature on movement rates. Our most supported model included cumulative snow depth, temperature, and day of winter. Bison movements decreased in the first 75 days of winter during snow accumulation and dramatically increased in the final 14 days of winter during snow melt. Cumulative snow depth, not daily change in snow depth, reduced wood bison movement rates, and movement rates increased more rapidly in warmer temperatures than in temperatures below −6.4 °C. By quantifying both the direction and the magnitude of snow and temperature’s effects on bison movement, our study fills critical knowledge gaps relating to the winter movement ecology of wood bison and contributes to a growing body of knowledge informing their conservation in the Anthropocene.
Soft-collinear effective theory: BRST formulation
Authors: Upadhyay Sudhaker , Mandal Bhabani Prasad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe provide a BRST formalism for the soft-collinear effective theory describing interactions of soft and collinear degrees of freedom in the presence of a hard interaction. In particular, we develop a BRST symmetry transformation for SCET theory. We further generalize the BRST formulation by making the transformation parameter field dependent. This establishes a mapping between several SCET actions consistently when defined in different gauge conditions. In fact, a definite structure of gauge-fixed actions corresponding to any particular gauge condition can be generated for SCET theory using our formulation.
Investigation on radiation generated by sub-GeV electrons in ultrashort silicon and germanium bent crystals
Authors: Bandiera L. , Sytov A. , De Salvador D. , Mazzolari A. , Bagli E. , Camattari R. , Carturan S. , Durighello C. , Germogli G. , Guidi V. , Klag P. , Lauth W. , Maggioni G. , Mascagna V. , Prest M. , Romagnoni M. , Soldani M. , Tikhomirov V. V. , Vallazza E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report on the measurements of the spectra of gamma radiation generated by 855 MeV electrons in bent silicon and germanium crystals at MAMI (MAinzer MIkrotron). The crystals were 15 $$\upmu \text {m}$$μmthick along the beam direction to ensure high deflection efficiency. Their (111) crystalline planes were bent by means of a piezo-actuated mechanical holder, which allowed to remotely change the crystal curvature. In such a way it was possible to investigate the radiation emitted under planar channeling and volume reflection as a function of the curvature of the crystalline planes. We showed that, using volume reflection, intense gamma radiation can be produced – with intensity comparable to that obtained in channeling but with higher angular acceptance. We studied the trade-off between radiation intensity and angular acceptance at different values of the crystal curvature. The measurements of radiation spectra have been carried out for the first time in bent germanium crystals. In particular, the intensity of radiation in the germanium crystal is higher than in the silicon one due to the higher atomic number, which is important for the development of the X-ray and gamma radiation sources based on higher-Z deformed crystals, such as crystalline undulators.