bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The osteohistology of gorgonopsian therapsids and implications for Permo‐Triassic theriodont growth
Authors: Botha Jennifer 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring the Late Permian, saber‐toothed gorgonopsian therapsids were the dominant terrestrial predators, playing crucial roles as apex predators alongside therocephalian therapsids within Permian terrestrial ecosystems. The entire gorgonopsian clade went extinct during the Permo‐Triassic mass extinction, leaving other therapsids to continue into the Triassic. Gorgonopsians have not been well studied, particularly in terms of their growth patterns, with only a few genera having undergone osteohistological analysis. In this study, I present a thorough osteohistological examination of the most extensive collection of gorgonopsian specimens to date, spanning a diverse range of limb bones sourced from various species. The osteohistological analysis of gorgonopsian specimens reveals a trend of rapid growth characterized by a highly vascularized woven‐parallel complex. The abundance of growth marks and variable zone widths suggests a growth trajectory that could indicate longer lifespans and slower growth rates when compared to Early Triassic therapsids. The high vascularity, coupled with the observed growth patterns, implies that gorgonopsians experienced rapid growth during favorable conditions. However, the multiple growth marks indicate that they likely had the capacity for longer lifespans and more gradual maturation than their Early Triassic counterparts. Additionally, their ability to reach later ontogenetic stages supports the hypothesis that favorable environmental conditions facilitated larger body sizes. In contrast, Early Triassic therapsids primarily consisted of juveniles or individuals who reached reproductive maturity within a year, likely indicative of harsher conditions that contributed to higher mortality rates at younger ages. The onset of decreased growth rates, usually indicative of reproductive maturity, occurred later in gorgonopsians compared to Early Triassic therapsids and may have contributed to their decline, as the heightened juvenile mortality rates during the PTME would have limited the gorgonopsians' ability to reproduce effectively.
Use of blended feeds in children requiring tube feeding
Authors: Sun Jessica , Chuah Irene , Drobiszewski Alexandra , Arrowsmith Fiona , Low Rachel , Wong Wing Hei Valerie , Kaur Rajneesh , Dalby‐Payne Jacqueline 
Published: December 2024

AimThe use of blended tube feeding (BTF) in children is a controversial area with persistent concerns regarding the nutritional adequacy and risk of associated infections and equipment complications. Parents in Australia are electing to use BTF in their children despite local hospital guidelines, calling for further research to support its use.MethodsA retrospective case‐series study was conducted at a tertiary paediatric hospital, to characterise the paediatric population electively using BTF and evaluate their clinical outcomes. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected from pre‐existing medical records.ResultsData from 178 clinical visits of 26 participants were included in analysis. The median age of participants was 4.1 years (range 7 months −14 years). BTF was most commonly used for symptom control (n = 8, 30.8%). The most common cause of clinical presentation during the use of BTF was respiratory conditions (number of presentations = 60, 47.2%). There was no reported increase in hospital presentations, gastrointestinal infections or equipment complications with the use of BTF. BTF did not promote weight gain in this population of children, particularly those who were already underweight.ConclusionThis case‐series found the use of BTF in a paediatric population with underlying complex medical conditions requiring enteral nutrition was driven by parental preference and the goals of symptomatic control. BTF did not demonstrate benefits of weight gain, though it was not associated with an increase in complications and hospital admission.
Physician, know thyself: Applying brand management principles to professional identity in academic medicine
Authors: Branzetti Jeremy , Gisondi Michael A. , Hopson Laura R. , Regan Linda , Botti Simona 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContextA career in medicine is a journey of countless opportunities, challenges and choices. Determining the “right” decision for any given career choice ultimately must come from within; thus, a clear understanding of a physician's core professional identity is critical. Existing conceptualizations of professional identity within medicine focus primarily on medical training; however, it is clear that professional identity evolves throughout one's career. We propose the use of brand management principles as a novel means of understanding and expressing a physician's evolving professional identity throughout their career.MethodsWe propose a conceptual framework for managing academic physician professional identity based upon brand management principles derived from marketing and consumer research literature. The four key framework elements include brand identity (“Who am I?”), brand delivery (“What actions do I choose to present myself to others”), brand experience (“How are my actions experienced by others?”) and brand image (“How do others see me?”). Successful management of one's brand starts with understanding the core professional brand identity, then determining the best way to deliver this identity through specific actions experienced by target audiences (e.g., patients, collaborators, colleagues, employers, learners, promotion committees, etc.), and ends with the target audience having a clear and compelling brand image that reflects the underlying professional identity. Alignment of these components results in an array of benefits; misalignment can result in feelings of burnout or career stalling.ConclusionsWe contend that physicians can and should see themselves as their own unique brand. Though often confused with naked self‐promotion, developing a professional brand is an identity exploration and reflection experience that allows individuals to better control the course of their careers. A strong personal brand has numerous practical applications; three key examples presented herein include navigating promotion through the professoriate, managing one's reputation and achieving professional fulfilment.
ADAPTing to participant distress: A protocol for applied improvisation in healthcare
Authors: Whitney Clare , Bojsza Elizabeth , Besch Shaun , Preis Heidi , Zheng Xia , Pati Susmita 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionApplied improvisation (improv) is an emerging innovative approach to clinical education and requires the cultivation of a highly engaged learning environment. With highly interactive and engaging forms of learning, it is critical to address participant distress and psychological safety in an improv learning environment in order to prevent damage to the learning capacities of individual participants as well as the group as a whole. However, little is available to guide applied improv practitioners to navigate the socially complex dynamics of participant distress during an improv session. The purpose of this project was to develop a distress protocol, tailored for improvisation‐based interprofessional clinical communication training curricula, aiming to characterise, anticipate, prevent and address participant distress during sessions.MethodsUsing an interpretive descriptive approach, we analysed qualitative data including previously collected interview data and primary field notes taken during improv simulations in order to develop the Addressing Distress in Applied Improvisation Participants Tool (ADAPT).ResultsAnalysis revealed two key distress manifestations (resistant distress and reactive distress) as well as three distress profiles (primary distress, secondary distal distress and secondary proximal distress) that may occur during an improv session. The ADAPT guides facilitators through four phases of attending to participant distress during applied improvisation sessions. These four phases include Redirecting the Spotlight, Responding to Distress, Reintegrating the Group and Reflecting on the Distress.DiscussionThe ADAPT is the first of its kind as a general guide for addressing participant distress and can be customised and tailored to other applied improv curricula and experiential learning activities. Future inquiry should evaluate the utility and effectiveness of the ADAPT for responding to in situ participant distress in applied improv or other similar active learning environments.
Demographic and Pathogen Profiles of Superficial Fungal Infections—A Single‐Centre Observational Study in Poland
Authors: Jaworek Andrzej Kazimierz , Hałubiec Przemysław , Sroka Damian , Grabarczyk Iga , Kachnic Natalia , Wojas‐Pelc Anna , Szepietowski Jacek Cezary 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSuperficial fungal infections (SFI) are contagious conditions affecting the skin and its appendages, caused by various fungal species. Monitoring the distribution of common pathogens and identifying at‐risk patient groups are essential for effective management and prevention.ObjectivesThis study investigates the characteristics of SFI in Poland's Malopolska region from 2017 to 2019, focusing on etiological agents, infection sites and risk factors.Patients/MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 4522 mycological cultures from 3594 patients, incorporating demographic data (age, sex), sample sites and mycological test results.ResultsAmong the 1175 positive mycological tests recorded from 959 patients, Trichophyton rubrum—primarily affecting toenails and feet—and Candida albicans—mainly targeting fingernails—were the most common pathogens across all age groups. Children exhibited a higher incidence of infections caused by Microsporum canis, Malassezia furfur and T. mentagrophytes. In contrast, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was more frequently identified in individuals over 60 years old.ConclusionsThe observed trends in SFI characteristics at our centre during the pre‐pandemic period align with global epidemiological data. However, further studies are warranted to address existing gaps in understanding the epidemiology of SFI and to refine preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Coronectomy Versus Surgical Extraction for Mandibular Third Molars—A Pilot Study Assessing Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Post‐Operative Recovery
Authors: Radia Shenal , Pindoria Anushri , Stagnell Sami 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSurgical extraction of impacted Mandibular Third Molars (M3M) is one of the most common oral surgery procedures. Coronectomy procedures provide an alternative technique in cases of high‐risk inferior alveolar nerve damage. Recovery from both treatments can impact quality of life and may influence patient decisions.AimTo improve information provision on recovery and post‐operative effects of surgery during patient decision‐making for coronectomies and surgical extractions of M3M.MethodTwenty patients receiving coronectomies and 20 patients receiving surgical extractions were surveyed on postoperative days 1, 3, 7 and 14. The following parameters were assessed: pain, swelling, disturbed sleep, feeling unwell, difficulty carrying out day‐to‐day tasks, difficulty eating, difficulty brushing/cleaning the back of the mouth, difficulty opening the mouth, and return to work/social activities. A two‐way repeated measures ANOVA test was carried out.ResultsDays 1 and 3 exhibited the most severe symptoms across all parameters for both cohorts. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in scores among the parameters and across all days for both treatments. Social limitations were similar for both groups, with 30% of patients returning to work/social activities on day 1 and 100% on day 14. Type of impaction did not appear to influence the severity scores in either group.ConclusionWhile the subjective nature of the results should be considered, the immediate and short‐term postoperative recovery is comparable for coronectomies and surgical extractions of M3M.
Anthelmintic Treatment Reveals Sex‐Dependent Worm–Gut Microbiota Interactions
Authors: Sabey Kate A. , Castro Avina , Song Se Jin , Knight Rob , Ezenwa Vanessa O. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal helminths interact with the gut microbiota in ways that shape microbiota structure and function, but these effects are highly inconsistent across studies. One factor that may help explain variation in parasite–microbiota interactions is host sex since helminths can induce sex‐specific changes in feeding behaviour and diet that might cascade to shape gut microbial communities. We tested this idea using an anthelmintic treatment experiment in wild Grant's gazelles (Nanger granti). We found that in males, anthelmintic treatment induced short‐term shifts in microbial diversity and structure within ~40–70 days, but in females, treatment had effects on microbiota structure that emerged over a longer period of ~500 days. Long‐term effects of treatment on the microbiota of females were potentially due to sex‐specific changes in feeding behaviour since deworming nearly doubled the time females spent feeding, but did not affect feeding time in males. In support of this idea, anthelmintic treatment eliminated associations between microbial diversity and diet in females, and treated females maintained a more stable abundance of microbial taxa and predicted functions. Together, these findings suggest that accounting for host traits can help uncover mechanisms, such as changes in diet, by which helminths interact with the microbiota.
Erosive tooth wear, dental decay, and periodontal health in obese and normal weight children and adolescents
Authors: Soğukpınar Önsüren Aslı , Çetin Özdemir Eda , Temiz Fatih 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare the oral health status between normal weight (NW) and obese weight (OW) children/adolescents.MethodsEighty‐two participants aged 6–16 years were included in this cross‐sectional study. The children/adolescents were classified according to the body mass index (BMI): NW (n = 41) and OW (n = 41). Caries experience was assessed by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS‐II), decay, missing, filling teeth (dmft) for the primary teeth and (DMFT) for the permanent teeth, erosive tooth wear using Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE), Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI), probing depth (PD). Also, the relationship between procalcitonin (PCT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25(OH)D blood biochemistry and oral health was evaluated in obese children/adolescents.ResultsEvaluation was made of a sum of 82 children/adolescents, comprising 43 females and 39 males, with a median age of 14 years in the obese group and 13 years in the NW group. Significant differences were determined between patients with NW and those who were obese, particularly in BMI, family income level, and tooth brushing habits. The results of the study indicate that individuals with obesity tend to exhibit significantly higher scores for PI, and GI as compared to those with NW (p < .05)ConclusionOral hygiene in children with systemic diseases should be treated with a multidisciplinary approach and under regular control by a pediatrician and pediatric dentist, as it may also affect the medical health of the children/adolescents.
Testing the viability of normal seawater dolomitization in lower Cambrian carbonates using clumped isotopes
Authors: Lu Chaojin , Hao Fang , Zou Huayao , Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah , Manche Cameron J. , Li Pingping , Swart Peter K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhile dolomitization by normal seawater has been commonly used to explain the formation of Cenozoic dolomites, ancient platform‐scale dolostones are normally interpreted as being products of either evaporative brines or mixed fresh and marine fluids. However, the viability of these two models in ancient successions is continuously questioned by new studies which favour normal or slightly modified seawater as the dolomitizing fluid. This study presents an ancient example from the lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation (South China) which, although appearing to have formed in association with evaporite minerals and experienced meteoric subaerial exposure, was interpreted to be dolomitized by normal seawater. Three petrographic types of dolomites, formed in the penecontemporaneous to early burial diagenetic stages in the Longwangmiao Formation. These include finely, fine to medium and medium to coarse crystalline dolomites. The stable isotope compositions (δ13Ccarb, δ18Ocarb and Δ47) were determined on pure dolomite samples that had been chemically isolated, and the results interpreted using a coupled numerical model. This analysis strongly suggests that the dolomite was replaced by Cambrian seawater (ca −2‰) and subsequently experienced closed‐system recrystallization (water/rock ratio <0.4) in the deep burial stage. The vertical variation of the mol% Mg content of the dolomite shows multiple episodes of dolomitization with the increasing stoichiometry in each episode suggesting the control of sea‐level changes. This study has revealed that the normal‐seawater dolomitization could also proceed in an evaporative environment on a shallow‐water platform. As in many studies of ancient carbonates, the recognition of diagenetic fluids is often hindered by complex geochemical overprinting in bulk samples.
Evidence of Left Ventricular Cardiac Remodeling After 6 Weeks of Sprint Interval Training
Authors: Eriksson Lisa M. J. , Hedman Kristofer , Åström‐Aneq Meriam , Nylander Eva , Bouma Karin , Mandić Mirko , Gustafsson Thomas , Rullman Eric 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSprint interval training (SIT) leads to similar improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and maximal cardiac output as previously reported for traditional endurance training, but the exercise‐induced effects on cardiac remodeling are still largely unknown. The aim of the current study was therefore to explore the effects of SIT on cardiac structure and function assessed by echocardiography in relation to, and controlling for, changes in both blood volume (BV) and heart rate (HR). Healthy men and women (n = 28) performed 6 weeks of SIT. V̇O2max and total BV were measured, and echocardiography was performed before and after the intervention. There was a robust increase in BV (+7.1%; p < 0.001) and V̇O2max (+10.1%; p < 0.001) and a decrease in resting HR (−3.9%; p = 0.013) following the SIT intervention. Machine‐learning‐based feature selection and univariate analysis indicated that several measures of left ventricular dimension (+14.3% LVEDV, p = 0.013; +17.4% LVESV, p = 0.018; +12.3% LVSV, p = 0.031), left ventricular diastolic function (MVA, MVD‐slope, MVDT), and left ventricular stroke volume (LVOT VTI) were altered by 6 weeks of SIT. When controlling for the exercise‐induced changes in BV and HR, left ventricular dimensions remained significantly changed. Our data indicate that several measures of cardiac function are likely only indirectly affected by SIT, driven by increased BV. However, the disproportionate increase in left ventricular size exceeds what can be explained by changes in BV and HR alone, indicating volume‐independent structural cardiac remodeling.
Host preference of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes for blood feeding in south of Iran: Insights from Multiplex‐PCR analysis
Authors: Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Abbasi Madineh , Hanafi‐Bojd Ahmad Ali 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims to determine the host preference for blood feeding among potential hosts of Anopheles stephensi in Iran, using the Multiplex‐PCR method. An. stephensi is the primary malaria vector in urban areas of South Asia and the Middle East, including southern Iran, where approximately 30.21% of malaria cases are urban. This trend has become more evident during the recent outbreaks in Iran, driven by infections of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and as well as mixed infections. Hormozgan province, one of the most endemic areas in Iran, was selected for its critical public health significance. This study builds on the validated efficiency of Multiplex‐PCR for blood meal analysis by applying it to mosquitoes in southern Iran.MethodsIn 2021, mosquitoes were collected monthly from three coastal villages in Bandar Abbas county, Hormozgan province, using WHO‐recommended collection methods. Blood‐fed An. stephensi mosquitoes were dissected, and their stomach contents analysed via Multiplex‐PCR to identify human and animal blood sources.ResultsOf 77 An. stephensi samples analysed, humans were the most common host was humans (29.9%), followed by mammals (19%), dogs (2.6%), and birds (1.3%). Mixed blood meals were detected in 34% of samples, including 23% with human and other hosts. Informal observations suggest that domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and chickens are commonly present near homes in these areas.ConclusionApproximately 50% of An. stephensi blood meals were sourced from humans, with 29% exclusively from humans and 23% from mixed hosts. Domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and chickens appear to attract mosquitoes, highlighting their potential role in malaria dynamics. Zooprophylaxis, alongside existing measures like insecticide residual spraying, insecticide‐treated bed nets, and personal protection strategies, may strengthen urban malaria control. Further research on the ecological and behavioural drivers of mosquito host selection in urban settings is warranted.
On the order of the classical Erdős–Rogers functions
Authors: Mubayi Dhruv , Verstraete Jacques 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor an integer , the Erdős–Rogers function is the maximum integer such that every ‐vertex ‐free graph has a ‐free induced subgraph with vertices. It is known that for all , as . In this paper, we show that for all , there exists a constant such that
This improves previous bounds of order by Dudek, Retter and Rödl and answers a question of Warnke.
Characterization of Knocking Pressure Data From Two Closely Spaced Transducers: Effect of Transducer Mounting
Authors: Caselli Andrea , Frigo Stefano , Ghandhi Jaal B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, pressure data acquired simultaneously from two different, closely spaced pressure transducers were compared to understand the quantification of knock intensity. The comparison between four different transducer models located in the same position showed very small changes in the power spectral density, suggesting that the transducer has a limited effect on the results. Simultaneous data acquired from the different locations were found to be significantly different, independent of transducer. This was shown to be the result of a small passage, which was only 0.25 mm longer than the manufacturer’s recommended length, that existed for one of the transducers; the other transducer had a passage shorter than the manufacturer’s specification. The nearly flush transducer showed clearly defined peaks in the power spectral density all the way to 40 kHz, but the passage produced a broadband disturbance in the frequency domain from 20 to 50 kHz. This disturbance significantly affected the knock measurement but largely did not affect the heat release analysis. A moving-window cross correlation between the two pressure signals, which eliminates any phase differences, showed that there was high correlation between the signals on a cycle-by-cycle basis after a period of time after knock onset (KO). The knock intensity (KI), characterized by the maximum amplitude of pressure oscillations, showed poor correlation between the two locations. The difference in the knock intensity was also evaluated using a ring-down magnitude (RDM) method, which showed better comparison. Recommendations for, and assessment of, the absolute quantification of knock intensity are provided.