bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herschel–ATLAS Data Release III: near-infrared counterparts in the South Galactic Pole field – another 100 000 submillimetre galaxies
Authors: Ward B A , Eales S A , Pons E , Smith M W L , McMahon R G , Dunne L , Ivison R J , Maddox S J , Negrello M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present the third data release (DR3) of the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS). We identify likely near-infrared counterparts to submillimetre sources in the South Galactic Pole (SGP) field using the VISTA VIKING survey. We search for the most probable counterparts within 15 arcsec of each Herschel source using a probability measure based on the ratio between the likelihood the true counterpart is found close to the submillimetre source and the likelihood that an unrelated object is found in the same location. For 110 374 (57.0 per cent) sources, we find galaxies on the near-infrared images where the probability that the galaxy is associated to the source is greater than 0.8. We estimate the false identification rate to be 4.8 per cent, with a probability that the source has an associated counterpart on the VIKING images of 0.835 ± 0.009. We investigate the effects of gravitational lensing and present 41 (0.14 deg−2) candidate lensed systems with observed flux densities &gt;100 mJy at 500 μm. We include in the data release a probability that each source is gravitationally lensed and discover an additional 5923 sources below 100 mJy that have a probability greater than 0.94 of being gravitationally lensed. We estimate that ∼400–1 000 sources have multiple true identifications in VIKING based on the similarity of redshift estimates for multiple counterparts close to a Herschel source. The data described in this paper can be found at the H-ATLAS website.
Hunting wide-area optical surveys for high proper motion isolated neutron stars
Authors: Toyouchi Daisuke , Hotokezaka Kenta , Takada Masahiro 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
High-velocity neutron stars (HVNSs) that were kicked out from their birth location can be potentially identified with their large proper motions, and possibly with large parallax, when they come across the solar neighborhood. In this paper, we study the feasibility of hunting isolated HVNSs in wide-area optical surveys by modelling the evolution of NS luminosity taking into account spin-down and thermal radiation. Assuming the upcoming 10-yr Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s LSST observation, our model calculations predict that about 10 HVNSs mainly consisting of pulsars with ages of 104–$10^5\, \rm yr$ and thermally emitting NSs with 105–$10^6\, \rm yr$ are detectable. We find that a few NSs with effective temperature $\lt 5 \times 10^5\, \rm K$, which are likely missed in the current and future X-ray surveys, are also detectable, and the detectability highly depends on NS cooling models. In particular, if considering dark matter heating in NS cores, we find that such cold NSs would account for $70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the whole detectable sample, and they are typically older than $10^6\, \rm yr$ and tend to have slow transverse velocities, $\lesssim 100\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, compared to already known pulsars. Thus, the future optical observation will give a unique NS sample, which can provide essential constraints on the NS cooling and heating mechanisms. Moreover, we suggest that providing HVNS samples with optical surveys is helpful for understanding the intrinsic kick-velocity distribution of NSs.
Why do black holes trace bulges (& central surface densities), instead of galaxies as a whole?
Authors: Hopkins Philip F , Wellons Sarah , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Grudić Michael Y 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Previous studies of fueling black holes in galactic nuclei have argued (on scales ${\sim}0.01{-}1000\,$pc) accretion is dynamical with inflow rates $\dot{M}\sim \eta \, M_{\rm gas}/t_{\rm dyn}$ in terms of gas mass Mgas, dynamical time tdyn, and some η. But these models generally neglected expulsion of gas by stellar feedback, or considered extremely high densities where expulsion is inefficient. Studies of star formation, however, have shown on sub-kpc scales the expulsion efficiency fwind = Mejected/Mtotal scales with the gravitational acceleration as $(1-f_{\rm wind})/f_{\rm wind}\sim \bar{a}_{\rm grav}/\langle \dot{p}/m_{\ast }\rangle \sim \Sigma _{\rm eff}/\Sigma _{\rm crit}$ where $\bar{a}_{\rm grav}\equiv G\, M_{\rm tot}(\lt r)/r^{2}$ and $\langle \dot{p}/m_{\ast }\rangle$ is the momentum injection rate from young stars. Adopting this as the simplest correction for stellar feedback, $\eta \rightarrow \eta \, (1-f_{\rm wind})$, we show this provides a more accurate description of simulations with stellar feedback at low densities. This has immediate consequences, predicting the slope and normalization of the MBH − σ and MBH − Mbulge relation, LAGN −SFR relations, and explanations for outliers in compact Es. Most strikingly, because star formation simulations show expulsion is efficient (fwind ∼ 1) below total-mass surface density $M_{\rm tot}/\pi \, r^{2}\lt \Sigma _{\rm crit}\sim 3\times 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, {\rm kpc^{-2}}$ (where $\Sigma _{\rm crit}=\langle \dot{p}/m_{\ast }\rangle /(\pi \, G)$), BH mass is predicted to specifically trace host galaxy properties above a critical surface brightness Σcrit (B-band $\mu _{\rm B}^{\rm crit}\sim 19\, {\rm mag\, arcsec^{-2}}$). This naturally explains why BH masses preferentially reflect bulge properties or central surface densities (e.g. $\Sigma _{1\, {\rm kpc}}$), not ‘total’ galaxy properties.
Multiplexed activation in mammalian cells using a split-intein CRISPR/Cas12a based synthetic transcription factor
Authors: Bryson James W , Auxillos Jamie Y , Rosser Susan J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The adoption of CRISPR systems for the generation of synthetic transcription factors has greatly simplified the process for upregulating endogenous gene expression, with a plethora of applications in cell biology, bioproduction and cell reprogramming. The recently discovered CRISPR/Cas12a (Cas12a) systems offer extended potential, as Cas12a is capable of processing its own crRNA array, to provide multiple individual crRNAs for subsequent targeting from a single transcript. Here we show the application of dFnCas12a-VPR in mammalian cells, with the Francisella novicida Cas12a (FnCas12a) possessing a shorter PAM sequence than Acidaminococcus sp. (As) or Lachnospiraceae bacterium (Lb) variants, enabling denser targeting of genomic loci, while performing just as well or even better than the other variants. We observe that synergistic activation and multiplexing can be achieved using crRNA arrays but also show that crRNAs expressed towards the 5′ of 6-crRNA arrays show evidence of enhanced activity. This not only represents a more flexible tool for transcriptional modulation but further expands our understanding of the design capabilities and limitations when considering longer crRNA arrays for multiplexed targeting.
Recognition of G-quadruplex RNA by a crucial RNA methyltransferase component, METTL14
Authors: Yoshida Atsuhiro , Oyoshi Takanori , Suda Akiyo , Futaki Shiroh , Imanishi Miki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an important epitranscriptomic chemical modification that is mainly catalyzed by the METTL3/METTL14 RNA methyltransferase heterodimer. Although m6A is found at the consensus sequence of 5′-DRACH-3′ in various transcripts, the mechanism by which METTL3/METTL14 determines its target is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the RNA binding property of METTL3/METTL14. We found that the methyltransferase heterodimer itself has a binding preference for RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures, which are non-canonical four-stranded structures formed by G-rich sequences, via the METTL14 RGG repeats. Additionally, the methyltransferase heterodimer selectively methylated adenosines close to the rG4 sequences. These results suggest a possible process for direct recruitment of METTL3/METTL14 to specific methylation sites, especially near the G4-forming regions. This study is the first to report the RNA binding preference of the m6A writer complex for the rG4 structure and provides insights into the role of rG4 in epitranscriptomic regulation.
Rational design and construction of multi-copy biomanufacturing islands in mammalian cells
Authors: Altamura Raffaele , Doshi Jiten , Benenson Yaakov 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCell line development is a critical step in the establishment of a biopharmaceutical manufacturing process. Current protocols rely on random transgene integration and amplification. Due to considerable variability in transgene integration profiles, this workflow results in laborious screening campaigns before stable producers can be identified. Alternative approaches for transgene dosage increase and integration are therefore highly desirable. In this study, we present a novel strategy for the rapid design, construction, and genomic integration of engineered multiple-copy gene constructs consisting of up to 10 gene expression cassettes. Key to this strategy is the diversification, at the sequence level, of the individual gene cassettes without altering their protein products. We show a computational workflow for coding and regulatory sequence diversification and optimization followed by experimental assembly of up to nine gene copies and a sentinel reporter on a contiguous scaffold. Transient transfections in CHO cells indicates that protein expression increases with the gene copy number on the scaffold. Further, we stably integrate these cassettes into a pre-validated genomic locus. Altogether, our findings point to the feasibility of engineering a fully mapped multi-copy recombinant protein ‘production island’ in a mammalian cell line with greatly reduced screening effort, improved stability, and predictable product titers.
Reshaping UK/Ireland relations: Brexit’s cross-border and bilateral impact
Authors: Murphy Mary C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article considers the implications of Brexit for UK–Irish relations. It examines how Brexit has altered the terms of the British–Irish relationship by considering the impact on bilateral and cross-border economic and trade patterns. The article focuses on two primary economic effects. First, the short-term impact of Brexit and the Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol on the Northern Ireland economy, and on trade relations between Great Britain and Ireland and across the Irish border; and second, how Brexit has spurred a discussion about the (economic) appropriateness of partition on the island of Ireland in the post-Brexit period, the extent to which it has led to increased calls for a border poll, and how any future unification process might be economically managed. This includes some provisional evaluation of the economic costs and challenges in relation to future constitutional change for the island of Ireland and the UK. The discussion here connects with wider British constitutional issues including calls for Scottish independence and the possible break-up of the UK.
Globalizing the Second World War
Authors: Buchanan Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Entrenched within national histories, the Second World War has largely resisted the ‘global turn’ despite its eminent globality. The broad reconceptualization presented here views the Second World War as a paroxysm of worldwide war (December 1941−September 1945) embedded within a capacious cycle of regional wars and revolutions beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and ending in Korea in 1953. This expanded temporal frame is intertwined with a broadening of spatial horizons that allows the assimilation of world regions from Latin America to sub-Saharan Africa, facilitates the integration of transnational flows of matériel, people and ideas, and underscores hybridity and popular agency. These conceptual shifts challenge the reified imaginary of the war of 1939–45, blurring ‘war’ and ‘post-war’ and allowing us to picture an American-led world order emerging directly from the war while illuminating the fighting that continued uninterrupted by Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This approach explores the tension between global and national histories — itself a reflection of the contradiction between capitalism’s push for worldwide markets and the nation states within which it is organized — and views American hegemony as the primary outcome of the long war while highlighting the qualifications posed by the Chinese Revolution, the strengthening of the USSR, and the rise of anti-colonial struggles.
Patience and Comparative Development
Authors: Sunde Uwe , Dohmen Thomas , Enke Benjamin , Falk Armin , Huffman David , Meyerheim Gerrit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article studies the relationship between patience and comparative development through a combination of reduced-form analyses and model estimations. Based on a globally representative dataset on time preference in 76 countries, we document two sets of stylized facts. First, patience is strongly correlated with per capita income and the accumulation of physical capital, human capital, and productivity. These correlations hold across countries, sub-national regions, and individuals. Second, the magnitude of the patience elasticity strongly increases in the level of aggregation. To provide an interpretive lens for these patterns, we analyse an overlapping generations model in which savings and education decisions are endogenous to patience, aggregate production is characterized by capital-skill complementarities, and productivity implicitly depends on patience through a human capital externality. In our model estimations, general equilibrium effects alone account for a non-trivial share of the observed amplification effects, and an extension to human capital externalities can quantitatively match the empirical evidence.
Determining the Impact of Ethnicity on the Accuracy of Measurements of Oxygen Saturations. A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bangash Mansoor N , Hodson James , Evison Felicity , Patel Jaimin M , Johnston Andrew McD , Gallier Suzy , Sapey Elizabeth , Parekh Dhruv 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulse oximeters are routinely used in community and hospital settings worldwide as a rapid, non-invasive, and readily available bedside tool to approximate blood oxygenation. Potential racial biases in SpO2 measurements may influence the accuracy of pulse oximetry readings and impact clinical decision making. We aimed to assess whether the accuracy of oxygen saturation measured by peripheral pulse oximetry (SpO2), relative to arterial blood gas (SaO2), varies by ethnicity.MethodsIn this large retrospective observational cohort study covering four NHS Hospitals serving a large urban population in Birmingham, consecutive patients admitted to hospital requiring oxygen therapy were identified by electronic patient records. For each spell, the first available pair of SpO2 and SaO2 measurements taken within an interval of less than 20 minutes were identified and included in the analysis. The differences between SpO2 and SaO2 measurements, were compared across self-identified groups of ethnicities. These differences were subsequently adjusted for age, sex, bilirubin, systolic blood pressure, carboxyhaemaglobin saturations and the time interval between SpO2 and SaO2 measurements.FindingsPaired O2 saturation measurements from 16818 inpatient spells between 1st January 2017 and 18th February 2021, were analysed. The cohort self-identified as being of White (81.2%), Asian (11.7%), Black (4.0%), or Other (3.2%) ethnicities. Across the cohort, SpO2 was significantly higher than SaO2 (median: 98% vs. 97%, p<0.001), with a median difference of 0.5 percentage points (pps). However, the size of this difference varied considerably with the magnitude of SaO2, with SpO2 overestimation by a median of 3.8pp for SaO2 values <90% but underestimating by a median of 0.4pp for an SaO2 of 95%. The differences between SpO2 and SaO2 were also found to vary significantly by ethnicity, with this difference being 0.8pp (95% confidence interval: 0.6-1.0) greater in those of Black vs. White ethnicity. These differences resulted in 6.1% vs. 8.7% of White vs. Black patients classified as normoxic on SpO2 who were hypoxic on the gold standard SaO2 reading (p=0.007).InterpretationPulse oximetry tends to overestimate O2 saturation, and this is more pronounced in patients of Black ethnicity. Prospective studies are urgently warranted to assess the impact of ethnicity on the accuracy of pulse oximetry, to ensure care is optimised for all.FundingThis work was supported by PIONEER, the Health Data Research UK (HDR-UK) Health Data Research Hub in acute care. HDR-UK is an initiative funded by the UK Research and Innovation, Department of Health and Social Care (England) and the devolved administrations, and leading medical research charities.
High Burden of COVID-19 among Unvaccinated Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters
Authors: Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Gaglani Manjusha , Olsho Lauren E.W. , Grant Lauren , Schaefer-Solle Natasha , Louzado-Feliciano Paola , Tyner Harmony L. , Yoon Sarang K. , Naleway Allison L. , Smith Michael , Sokol Brian E. , Lutrick Karen , Fowlkes Ashley L. , Meece Jennifer , Noriega Roger , Odean Marilyn , Phillips Andrew L. , Groom Holly C. , Murthy Kempapura , Edwards Laura J. , Ellingson Katherine D. , M.Yoo Young , Cruz Alexandra , Respet Karley , Thiese Matthew S. , Kuntz Jennifer L. , Rose Spencer , Hadden Louise S. , Gerald Joe K. , Mak Josephine , Gallimore-Wilson Damena , Lundgren Jessica , Hegmann Kurt T. , Dunnigan Kayan , Wesley Meredith G. , Bedrick Edward J. , Lamberte Julie Mayo , Jones John M. , Hunt Angela , Bruner Matthew M. , Groover Kimberly , Kutty Preeta K. , Testoff Addison C. , LeClair Lindsay B. , Etolue Jini M. , Thompson Mark G. , Burgess Jefferey L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTLaw Enforcement Officers (LEOs), firefighters, and other first responders are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to healthcare personnel but have relatively low COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Resistance to COVID-19 vaccine mandates among first responders has the potential to disrupt essential public services and threaten public health and safety. Using data from the HEROES-RECOVER prospective cohorts, we report on the increased illness burden of COVID-19 among unvaccinated first responders. From January to September 2021, first responders contributed to weekly active surveillance for COVID-19-like illness (CLI). Self-collected respiratory specimens collected weekly, irrespective of symptoms, and at the onset CLI were tested by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay for SARS-CoV-2. Among 1415 first responders, 17% were LEOs, 68% firefighters, and 15% had other first responder occupations. Unvaccinated (41%) compared to fully vaccinated (59%) first responders were less likely to believe COVID-19 vaccines are very or extremely effective (17% versus 54%) or very or extremely safe (15% versus 54%). From January through September 2021, among unvaccinated LEOs, the incidence of COVID-19 was 11.9 per 1,000 person-weeks (95%CI=7.0-20.1) compared to only 0.6 (95%CI=0.2-2.5) among vaccinated LEOs. Incidence of COVID-19 was also higher among unvaccinated firefighters (9.0 per 1,000 person-weeks; 95%CI=6.4-12.7) compared to those vaccinated (1.8 per 1,000; 95%CI=1.1-2.8). Once they had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, unvaccinated first responders were sick for a mean±SD of 14.7±21.7 days and missed a mean of 38.0±46.0 hours of work. These findings suggest that state and local governments with large numbers of unvaccinated first responders may face major disruptions in their workforce due to COVID-19 illness.
Circulating microRNAs from early childhood and adolescence are associated with pre-diabetes at 18 years of age in women from the PMNS cohort
Authors: Joglekar Mugdha V. , Kunte Pooja S. , Wong Wilson K.M. , Bhat D. S. , Satoor Sarang N. , Patil Rohan R. , Karandikar Mahesh S. , Fall Caroline H.D. , Yajnik Chittaranjan S. , Hardikar Anandwardhan A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA high (20%) prevalence of glucose intolerance at 18-years was seen in women from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) birth cohort. Here, we provide preliminary longitudinal analyses of circulating microRNAs in normal glucose tolerant (NGT@18y, N=10) and glucose intolerant (N=8) women (ADA criteria) at 6-, 12- and 17-years of their age using discovery analysis (OpenArray™ platform). Machine-learning workflows involving Lasso with bootstrapping/leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) identified microRNAs associated with glucose intolerance at 18-years of age. Several microRNAs, including miR-212-3p, miR-30e-3p and miR-638, stratified glucose-intolerant women from NGT at childhood. Our results suggest that circulating microRNAs in childhood could predict pre-diabetes at 18-years of age. Validation of these findings in males and remaining participants from the PMNS birth cohort will provide a unique opportunity to study novel epigenetic mechanisms in the life-course progression of glucose intolerance and enhance current clinical risk prediction of pre-diabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes.
Resting-state fMRI-based screening of deschloroclozapine in rhesus macaques predicts dosage-dependent behavioral effects
Authors: Fujimoto Atsushi , Elorette Catherine , Fredericks J. Megan , Fujimoto Satoka H. , Fleysher Lazar , Rudebeck Peter H. , Russ Brian E. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTChemogenetic techniques such as Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) enable transient, reversible, and minimally invasive manipulation of neural activity in vivo. Their development in non-human primates is essential for uncovering neural circuits contributing to cognitive functions and their translation to humans. One key issue that has delayed the development of chemogenetic techniques in primates is the lack of an accessible drug-screening method. Here, we utilize resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), a non-invasive neuroimaging tool, to assess the impact of deschloroclozapine (DCZ) on brain-wide resting-state functional connectivity in seven rhesus macaques without DREADDs. We found that systemic administration of 0.1 mg/kg DCZ did not alter the resting-state functional connectivity. Conversely, 0.3 mg/kg of DCZ was associated with a prominent increase in functional connectivity that was mainly confined to the connections of frontal regions. Additional behavioral tests confirmed a negligible impact of 0.1 mg/kg DCZ on socio-emotional behaviors as well as on reaction time in a probabilistic learning task. 0.3 mg/kg DCZ did, however, slow responses in the probabilistic learning task, suggesting attentional or motivational deficits associated with hyperconnectivity in fronto-temporo-parietal networks. Our study highlights both the excellent selectivity of DCZ as a DREADD actuator, and the side-effects of its excess dosage. The results demonstrate the translational value of rs-fMRI as a drug-screening tool to accelerate the development of chemogenetics in primates.