bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualification of child sexting, sextorsion and online grooming
Authors: Kopyova Iryna Anatoliivna 
Published: December 2021

Some characteristics of actus reus of Art. 3011 and of Art. 1561 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are analyzed. The characteristics of sexting and sextorsion, the subject matter of which is child pornography, and online grooming are revealed. If the participant in the child sexting is an adult who received from the child through a means of communication its image in a sexually explicit manner, his actions must be assessed as the production of child pornography (part 3 of Art. 3011 of the Criminal Code) and its storage (part 1 or 2 of Art. 3011 of the Criminal Code depending on the absence or presence of the purpose of selling or distribution). In this case, the adult participant in the sexting uses a child who photographs or shoots himself in a sexually explicit manner as a «tool» for the production of child pornography. If the participant in the child sexting is a minor (who has reached the age of 16), the responsibility for such acts arises only if he has the purpose of selling or distribution child pornography. If an adult participant in sexting has the purpose to obtain an image of a child in a sexually explicit manner and then threatens to sell or distribute it in order to obtain new such images, then there is a sextorsion that should be qualified as the production of child pornography (part 3 of Art. 3011 of the Criminal Code), the storage of child pornography with the purpose of selling or distribution (part 2 of Art. 3011 of the Criminal Code) and forcing a minor under-18s or under-14s to participate in the creation of child pornography (part 3 or 4 of Art. 3011 of the Criminal Code). If the purpose of the sextorsion is to meet with the child online or in real life to commit any sexual or lewd acts with him or to involve the child in the production of child pornography, such sextorsion should be qualified as the production of child pornography (part 3 of Art. 3011 of the Criminal Code), the storage of child pornography with the purpose of selling or distribution (part 2 of Art. 3011 of the Criminal Code) and depending on the stage of the sextorsion: or as preparation for harassment of a child for sexual purposes, or as an attempt to commit a criminal offense, or as a completed harassment (Art. 1561 of the Criminal Code). Building a trusting relationship by adult with a child on the Internet for a future meeting with the purpose to committing any sexual or lewd acts against him or involving him in the production of child pornography constitutes online grooming and should qualify as preparation for harassment of a child for sexual purposes.
Key words: child pornography, sexting, sextorsion, online grooming.
Liability of legal entities as a prerequisite for the implementation of the Medicrime Convention
Authors: Mykhailichenko Tetiana Oleksandrivna 
Published: December 2021

It is examined in the article the provisions of current criminal law in terms of compliance with international legal obligations, which Ukraine has been taken while ratified the Convention on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health (the Medicrime Convention) in terms of liability of legal entities for the creation and circulation of counterfeit medical products. It was proved that in fact there is no such responsibility, and, therefore, the obligation is not fulfilled. A number of explanatory notes were also analyzed, which determined the range of criminal offenses for the commission of which measures of a criminal nature may be applied to a legal entity. It is established that no obstacles or arguments for non-inclusion in paragraph 1 of part 1 of Art. 96-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine there are no pharmaceutical crimes.
An analysis of the leading international experience in the implementation of liability of legal entities for these acts, in particular, Spain, Germany and Switzerland. In addition, judgments of foreign states, which proves that pharmaceutical crimes are crimes that can be committed by transnational organized crime. Therefore, the obligation to expand the range of crimes under Part 1 of Art. 96-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine follows from the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.
It was emphasized that in order to effectively counter the spread of counterfeit medical products, it is necessary to expand the powers of the State Medical Service to control the quality of medical products without prior notice of inspection of business entities (Law of Ukraine" On Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control)" 2007 № 877).
It is necessary to bring the national legislation in line with Art. 11 of the Medicrime Convention to escape from all drawbacks due to expansion range of crimes that could help to make responsible the legal entities in criminal law. For this purpose, it is mandatory to add paragraph 1 Part 1 of Art. 96-3 by reference to Articles 305 and 321-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Public calls for criminal offenses in post-Soviet countries (comparative analysis)
Authors: Rubashchenko Mykola Anatoliiovych 
Published: December 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the criminal legislation of post-Soviet countries in terms of criminalization of public calls to commit criminal offenses. The criminal codes of the following countries have been studied: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Armenia, Georgia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Common features of criminalization of public appeals in the named post-Soviet countries are established. Their distinctive features in comparison with the Ukrainian variant of regulation are defined. The list of subsequent crimes in the studied codes is not the same, but there are those whose public appeals are typical of the criminal codes of the vast majority of countries, namely – to: a) aggressive war, b) terrorist crimes, c) encroachments on the constitutional order and territorial integrity, d) mass riots.
Unlike many European countries, the criminal codes of post-Soviet countries do not provide for universal types of public appeals (ie appeals to crime in general). The maximum of universalization here is calls only for crimes of a certain kind, for example, calls for terrorist crimes or crimes against the state. That is, it is mostly a case-by-case approach to the criminalization of public appeals – responsibility is established for public appeals to certain actions.
In addition, the article draws attention to the following: a) the degree of punishment of public calls, that is, the penalties contained in sanctions (unqualified or «simple» public calls are mostly punishable by up to 3 years in prison or up to 5 years), b) the differentiation of responsibilities (aggravating circumstances), c) system and placement of special types of public calls in the structure of special parts of criminal codes.
Impact of land use-land cover change on spatio-temporal trends in seasonal stream flow and suspended sediment load of Godavari basin from 1969 to 2019
Authors: Aher Madhura Chetan , Yadav Sanjay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Assessment of long-term trends in stream flow and sediment load is important for adopting soil and water conservation measures and for predicting morphological changes in rivers. In the present study, detailed quantification of the nature of the trend in stream flow and suspended sediment load of Godavari basin, India is reported for the period of 1969 to 2019. The Mann–Kendall test is used to check the trend of stream flow and sediment load for different seasons, namely, spring, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter. The land use-land cover of the whole basin is prepared for four decades (1980–2020). The maximum and minimum water and sediment discharge is detected in monsoon and winter season, respectively. The stream flow is found to be significantly decreased during monsoon and post-monsoon season. The sediment load is significantly decreased for monsoon and spring season. The nature of trend in sediment load is attributed to the land use and land cover change of the basin. The significant reduction of suspended sediment load is mainly due to increase in water bodies and planned agricultural area. The findings of the research would help to manage water resources as well as sustainable development in the Godavari basin.
Prediction of Manning's coefficient of roughness for high-gradient streams using M5P
Authors: Sihag Parveen , Singh Balraj , Said Md. Azlin Bin Md. , Azamathulla H. Md. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coefficient of Manning's roughness (n) has been generally implemented in the determination of depth and discharge in open channels and canals. This study unravels the novel idea and potential of Random Forest (RF), M5P, and Random Tree (RT) approaches to evaluate and predict the coefficient of Manning's roughness for hydraulic designing. To achieve this purpose, 42 observations were collected for high-gradient streams in Colorado, USA. All the observations were from boulder-bed, cobble and high gradient (S &gt; 0.002 m/m) streams within bank flows. In order to ascertain the best model, the above-mentioned approaches were evaluated and compared using performance evaluation indices such as mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of correlation (CC), and root mean square error (RMSE). Outcomes of performance evaluation indices revealed that the proposed pruned M5P approach outperformed other applied models for predicting the coefficient of Manning's roughness for hydraulic designing with CC = 0.7858, 0.7910, RMSE = 0.0195, 0.0195, and MAE = 0.0157, 0.0165 for model development and validation period, correspondingly. Furthermore, Taylor diagram and Box plot also suggest that the M5P based approach works better than RF and RT based approaches for predicting the coefficient of Manning's roughness for high-gradient streams using the given data set.
River water turbidity removal using new natural coagulant aids: case study of Euphrates River, Iraq
Authors: Ramal Majeed Mattar , Jalal Arkan Dhari , Sahab Mohammed Freeh , Yaseen Zaher Mundher 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For turbidity removal, most drinking water treatment plants are using coagulants due to the presence of suspended and colloidal materials at the coagulation and flocculation units. Aluminium and sulphates salts are the widely used coagulants, such as aluminium sulphate (Alum) and ferric chloride. However, several researches have linked Alzheimer's disease to the use of aluminium sulphate. Hence, scholars have conducted several researches on the possibility to reduce the amount of aluminium sulphate by using natural material/plants base as coagulant aids. In this study, Mallow's Leaves Extracts (MLE) and Carob's Pods Extracts (CPE) were used as an alternative coagulant aid. Couples of coagulation tests were implemented to find the optimal dosage of aluminium sulphates used as coagulants. The results displayed that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency by adding 100% of each coagulant, i.e. alum, MLE and CPE, were 61.16, 51.175 and 37.12%, respectively. In addition, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 4.56 NTU and 97.72% by adding 22.5 alum and 7.5 MLE presenting 30 mg/L dosing. Further, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 15.4 NTU and 92.3% by adding 22.5 alum and 7.5 CPE presenting 30 mg/L dosing.
Preparation of magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticle as peroxymonosulfate activating catalyst for effective degradation of levofloxacin
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xiao Pengfei , Han Shuang , Zulhumar Musajan , Wu Dedong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMagnetic CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized with a coprecipitation method at 500 °C calcination temperature, and were utilized to degrade levofloxacin (LEV) as a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator. The structure and composition of the nanocatalyst were characterized by a series of methods, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the PMS concentration, the catalyst dosage, the LEV initial concentration, the pH value and the inorganic anions on the LEV degradation were also explored. The results revealed that the designed CuFe2O4/PMS system had high activity and excellent stability in the complex conditions. The degradation efficiency of LEV still reached above 80% after four recycles of CuFe2O4 catalyst. The reactive species quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis suggested the existence of superoxide radicals, single oxygen, hydroxy radicals and sulfate radicals, and the first two were dominant radical oxygen species. Based on the mechanism analyses, the efficient degradation of LEV was probably due to the continuous generation of reactive species under the condition of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycles. The research provided a reasonable reference for the PMS activation mechanism-based spinel-type ferrite catalysis.
Natural flood protection: streamlining the planning of flood detention in natural landscapes for the reduction of urban flooding
Authors: Kvitsjøen J. , Braskerud B. C. , Borge A. , Nilsen V. , Zühlke U. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A number of cost-effective and environmentally friendly flood reduction measures can provide detention of runoff from natural landscapes upstream of urban areas, with multiple added benefits. This study presents a methodology for assessing the needs for and feasibility of natural flood detention facilities. The candidate catchments for natural flood detention facilities were identified by GIS analysis and further assessed using data from maps and field inspections. Results for two case catchments show that a suitable topography and nature and biodiversity are key feasibility criteria for natural flood detention facilities. The study concluded that it is possible to streamline the process of selecting the location and type of natural flood detention facilities. Map analyses, field inspections and interdisciplinary collaboration are all important when planning natural flood detention facilities. As a result of the study, the City of Oslo will construct several natural flood detention facilities upstream of the city to gain practical experience with such facilities. While it is not expected that natural flood detention will solve all flooding problems in urban areas, it is expected that natural flood detention can positively contribute to future resilient stormwater management and the implementation of the EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change.
Pilot-scale comparison of biological nutrient removal (BNR) using intermittent and continuous ammonia-based low dissolved oxygen aeration control systems
Authors: Stewart Rachel D. , Bashar Rania , Amstadt Carly , Uribe-Santos Gustavo A. , McMahon Katherine D. , Seib Matt , Noguera Daniel R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sensor driven aeration control strategies have recently been developed as a means to efficiently carry out biological nutrient removal (BNR) and reduce aeration costs in wastewater treatment plants. Under load-based aeration control, often implemented as ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC), airflow is regulated to meet desired effluent standards without specifically setting dissolved oxygen (DO) targets. Another approach to reduce aeration requirements is to constantly maintain low DO conditions and allow the microbial community to adapt to the low-DO environment. In this study, we compared the performance of two pilot-scale BNR treatment trains that simultaneously used ABAC and low-DO operation to evaluate the combination of these two strategies. One pilot plant was operated with continuous ABAC while the other one used intermittent ABAC. Both processes achieved greater than 90% total Kjehldal nitrogen (TKN) removal, 60% total nitrogen removal, and nearly 90% total phosphorus removal. Increasing the solids retention time (SRT) during the period of cold (∼12 °C) water temperatures helped maintain ammonia removal performance under low-DO conditions. However, both processes experienced poor solids settling characteristics during winter. While settling was recovered under warmer temperatures, improving settling quality remains a challenge under low-DO operation.
Correlation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia with Brain Perfusion:
A 99mTc-SPECT-HMPAO Study with Brodmann Areas Analysis
Authors: Valotassiou Varvara , Sifakis Nikolaos , Tzavara Chara , Lykou Evi , Tsinia Niki , Kamtsadeli Vasiliki , Sali Dimitra , Angelidis George , Psimadas Dimitrios , Tsougos Ioannis , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Papatriantafyllou John 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia. Their evaluation is based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Neuroimaging studies have tried to elucidate the underlying neural circuits either in isolated NPSs or in specific forms of dementia.

Objective:
: The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation of NPS in the NPI with Brodmann
areas (BAs) perfusion, for revealing BAs involved in the pathogenesis of NPSs in dementia of various etiologies.

Method:
We studied 201 patients (82 with Alzheimer's disease, 75 with Frontotemporal dementia, 27 with Corticobasal Syndrome, 17 with Parkinson Disease/Lewy Body Dementia). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to evaluate underlying groups of BAs, and Principal Component analysis was chosen as extraction method using Varimax rotation. Partial correlation coefficients were computed to explore the association of factors obtained from analysis and NPI items controlling for age, educational yeas, and ACE-R.

Results:
We found 6 BAs Factors(F); F1 (BAs 8,9,10,11,24,32,44,45,46,47, bilaterally), F2 (Bas 4,5,6,7,23,31, bilaterally), F3 (BAs 19,21,22,37,39,40, bilaterally), F4 (BAs 20,28,36,38, bilaterally), F5 (BAs 25, bilaterally) and F6 (BAs 17,18, bilaterally). Significant and negative correlation was found between NPI1 (delusions) and F3,F6, NPI2 (hallucinations) and F6, NPI7 (apathy) and F1,F4,F5, NPI3 (agitation) - NPI10 (aberrant motor behavior) - NPI12 (eating disorders) and F1. We did not find any significant correlation for NPI4,5,6,8,9,11 (depression, anxiety, euphoria, disinhibition, irritability, sleep disorders, respectively).

Conclusion:
Several NPSs share the same BAs among different types of dementia, while the manifestation of the rest may be attributed to different neural networks. These findings may have an impact on patients’ treatment.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Photo-sonodynamic Antimicrobial
Chemotherapy Based on Nano-micelle Curcumin on Virulence Gene
Expression Patterns in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Pourhajibagher Maryam , Talaei Narjes , Bahador Abbas 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Abaumannii baumannii rapidly resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial
agents. The combination of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and sonodynamic antimicrobial
chemotherapy (SACT), known as photo-sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PSACT), has
received considerable attention as one of the emerging and promising strategies against microbial infections.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of PSACT based on nano-micelle
curcumin (N-MCur) on the virulence gene expression patterns in A. baumannii.

Materials and Methods:
N-MCurN-MCur as a photo-sonosensitizer was synthesized and confirmed. To determine
sub-significant reduction dose of PSACT, sub-significant reduction dose of N-MCur and blue
laser light during aPDT, and ultrasound power output during SACT was assessed. Finally, changes in
the expression of genes involved in treated A. baumannii by minimum sub-significant reduction dose
of PSACT were determined using quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR). as a photo-sonosensitizer was synthesized and confirmed. To determine sub-significant reduction dose of PSACT, sub-significant reduction dose of N-MCur and blue laser light during aPDT, and ultrasound power output during SACT were assessed. Finally, changes in the expression of genes involved in treated A. baumannii by minimum sub-significant reduction dose of PSACT were determined using quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results:
PSACT using 12.5 mM N-MCur at the ultrasound power outputs of 28.7, 36.9, and 45.2
mW/cm2 with 4 min irradiation time of the blue laser, as well as 6.2 mM N-MCur at an ultrasound
power output of 45.2 mW/cm2 plus 3 min blue laser irradiation time exhibited the significant dosedependent
reduction against A. baumannii cell viability compared to the control group (P<0.05). After
treatment of A. baumannii using 3.1 mM N-MCur + 2 min blue laser irradiation time + 28.7 mW/cm2
ultrasound as the minimum sub-significant reduction doses of PSACT, mRNA expression was significantly
upregulated to 6.0-, 11.2-, and 13.7-folds in recA, blsA, and dnaK and downregulated to 8.6-,
10.1-, and 14.5-folds in csuE, espA, and abaI, respectively.

Conclusions:
N-MCur-mediated PSACT could regulate the expression of genes involved in A. baumannii
pathogenesis. Therefore, PSACT can be proposed as a promising application to treat infections
caused by A. baumannii.
Invasomes for Enhanced Delivery through the Skin: Evaluation of Systems
to Meet with Clinical Challenges
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar , Kumar Manish 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Portage of therapeutic agents directly to the skin (cutaneous/dermal delivery)
is the preferable approach in mitigating and curing a variety of skin manifestations, including
itching, eczema, acne, psoriasis keratinization, and skin cancer. Dermal delivery reduces side effects
associated with systemic therapy and allows maximum utilization of the available doses. Invasomes
are the next generation of liposomes with greater flexibility, elasticity, and permeability
through the skin than liposomes and ethosomes.

Objective:
This review article highlights various aspects of invasomes, including the structure and
composition of invasomes, methods of preparation of invasomes, the mechanism involved in better
penetration through the skin, key parameters to be considered for effective permeation, therapeutic
applications of invasomes as novel drug delivery systems, and future development and challenges.

Methods:
The authors have reviewed various primary and secondary sources, including PUBMED,
SCIENCE DIRECT, INFORMA, and patents.com, to collect information on various aspects of invasomes.

Results and Conclusion:
Invasomes are novel vesicular drug delivery systems that have been used
for dermal delivery of drugs for various therapeutic applications. These novel carriers have great
ability, and their properties can be highly modulated by varying their composition and concentration
of terpenes. Based on all the research reports gathered, it is well proven that these systems
have a much higher potential for delivering drugs for skin manifestations and could expand the opportunities
for treating various dermatological issues, increasing day by day.