bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Low Temperature Li‐Storage in Liquid Metal Based Anodes via a Co‐Solvent Strategy†
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Lei Xiaofeng , Lv Yang , Liu Xizheng , Ding Yi 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe application of lithium‐ion batteries in cold climates has been hindered due to the decline in performance at low temperatures. The increased de‐solvation energy and formation of Li dendrites at the anode surface emerge as the major challenges, which rely on the development of stable anode and compatible electrolytes. Herein, a self‐healing GaInSn liquid metal (LM) based electrode coupled with a multi‐solvent electrolyte is proposed toward reversible Li‐storage at low temperatures. By using methyl butyrate (MB) as a co‐solvent in 1 mol·L–1 LiTFSI of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, the electrolyte viscosity decreases from 52.07 to 13.75 mPa·s, while the ionic conductivity increases from 1.38 to 3.44 mS·cm–1 at –20 °C. Moreover, the Li/MXene@LM cells can display a discharge capacity of 500 mAh·g–1, with capacity retention of 78% at –20 °C after 120 cycles. It is disclosed that a uniform LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on the anode is formed upon the addition of MB, which promotes the desolvation of Li ions at the interface of electrode/electrolyte especially at low temperatures. These results prove that MB as the co‐solvent is well compatible with LM based anodes and holds great potential for the exploration of low‐temperature energy devices.
High‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: Rationale, current applications, and clinical outcome
Authors: Strouthos Iosif , Karagiannis Efstratios , Zamboglou Nikolaos , Ferentinos Konstantinos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDR BRT) has been enjoying rapid acceptance as a treatment modality offered to selected prostate cancer patients devoid of risk group, employed either in monotherapy setting or combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and is currently one of the most active clinical research areas.Recent findingsThis review encompasses all the current evidence to support the use of HDR BRT in various clinical scenario and shines light to the HDR BRT rationale, as an ultimately conformal dose delivery method enabling safe dose escalation to the prostate.ConclusionValid long‐term data, both in regard to the oncologic outcomes and toxicity profile, support the current clinical indication spectrum of HDR BRT. At the same time, this serves as solid, rigid ground for emerging therapeutic applications, allowing the technique to remain in the spotlight alongside stereotactic radiosurgery.
High‐Dimensional Image Analysis using Histocytometry
Authors: Munoz‐Erazo Luis , Schmidt Alfonso J. , Price Kylie M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHistocytometry is a technique for processing multiparameter microscopy images using computational approaches to identify and quantify cellular phenotypes. It allows for spatial analyses of cellular phenotypes in relation to each other and within defined spatial regions. The benefit of this technique over manual annotation and characterization of cells is a high degree of automation/throughput, significantly decreased user bias, and increased reproducibility. Recently, an increase in freely available software amenable to or deliberately designed for histocytometry has resulted in these complex analyses being available to a broader base of users who have amassed multi‐component microscopic imaging data. This article provides an overview of a histocytometry pipeline, focusing on the strategic planning and software requirements to allow readers to perform cell segmentation, phenotyping, and spatial analyses to advance their research outputs. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of a myxoid adrenocortical adenoma. A case report
Authors: Freih‐Fraih Alwalid , Gordillo Carlos H. , Mingo Alberto , Serrano‐Pardo Rosario , Jiménez‐Heffernan José A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe myxoid variant of adrenocortical (AC) tumors is characterized by peculiar histologic features that differ from conventional ones. It shows a prominent myxoid stromal component and is composed of small cells with mild atypia arranged in cords, pseudoglandular structures and microcysts. Reflecting the rarity of this variant, very few cytologic descriptions are available. We describe one case in a 41‐year‐old woman with a previous diagnosis of breast carcinoma and BRCA1 mutation. During follow‐up controls, an adrenal tumor was discovered. Fine needle aspiration cytology and Tru‐Cut biopsies were performed simultaneously. Smears showed numerous groups of cohesive cells of intermediate to small size. Within the largest groups, aggregates of myxoid metachromatic material were evident. This myxoid material could also be observed as isolated acellular fragments. While the cytoplasm of most tumoral cells was homogenously stained some showed small vacuoles. Histologically, the tumor grew, forming anastomosing cords, separated by myxoid material that determined microcystic spaces. Immunohistochemistry was characteristic of AC myxoid tumor. After surgery, pathologic analysis confirmed this diagnosis. The tumor showed no necrosis or invasion, had a low mitotic index (3/50 high power fields) and Ki‐67 proliferative index of 15%. According to the different diagnostic systems the tumor was classified as an adenoma. In conclusion, the myxoid variant of AC tumors shows peculiar cytologic features. If unaware of the existence of this variant, it can easily be misinterpreted as a metastatic tumor.
Application of the Bethesda system of reporting for cervical cytology to evaluate human papilloma virus induced changes in oral leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A cytomorphological and genetic study
Authors: Sivakumar N. , Narwal Anjali , Kumar Sanjay , Kamboj Mala , Devi Anju , Pandiar Deepak , Bhardwaj Rashmi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman papilloma virus (HPV) has a well‐established carcinogenic role in certain head and neck cancers. These HPV associated cancers possess unique clinicopathological behavior and exhibits better prognosis than their negative counterparts. Detection through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been considered as the “gold standard” but imposes burden in low resource settings. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the validity of cytomorphological features for the detection of HPV in oral leukoplakia (OL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodologyThis study included 63 subjects comprising of 25 OL, 26 OSCC, and 12 OPSCC cases. Exfoliated cells were collected and processed for PCR followed by Papanicolaou staining and subsequent grading. Additionally the non‐classical signs were evaluated and statistical analysis included Chi‐square and Spearman's test.Result23/63 (36.5%) cases showed PCR positivity for HPV16. Most of the cytomorphological features showed significant correlation for the presence of HPV. A greater sensitivity and specificity was observed in the Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology (TBS) than the Papanicolaou grading system.ConclusionWe conclude that the non‐classic cytological features could be employed in the detection of HPV in low resource settings with improved sensitivity. Liquid based cytology graded using TBS could be suitable for oral cytology in the detection of early atypical changes.
Submarine lobe deposits of the Point Loma Formation, California: Quantifying event‐bed architecture and lateral heterogeneity
Authors: Fryer Rosemarie C. , Jobe Zane R. , Laugier Fabien , Pettinga Luke A. , Gilbert J. Clark , Shumaker Lauren E. , Smith James E. , Sullivan Morgan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the last several years, numerous outcrop localities have been revisited to add quantitative detail to submarine lobe facies models that previously focussed on facies relationships in a qualitative sense. This study utilises well‐exposed submarine lobe deposits of the Point Loma Formation in Cabrillo National Monument (San Diego, CA) to provide quantitative and statistical insights into the lateral variability of event‐bed (i.e. turbidite) architecture within and between lobe elements. Within a lobe element (defined as a surface‐bounded, genetically related package), event beds compensationally stack, thinning over subtle sea floor topography created by the previous event bed. Between lobe elements, larger‐scale compensation is observed, with clearly defined stratal surfaces and facies architecture distinguishing the four lobe elements. A lateral facies transition is observed for one lobe element, where sandstone beds pinch out and the element thickness halves over a distance of 100 m. However, architectural parameters of event beds (e.g. bed thickness, thinning rate, fining rate) are not appreciably different between these elements, suggesting that the observed stratal architecture does not readily translate into vertical bed thickness (i.e. stacking) patterns that could be easily recognised in common subsurface data types like borehole‐derived core. While the data derived from this outcrop study are valuable for improving the construction of realistic geological and reservoir models, caution is necessary when interpreting lobe element boundaries from borehole data. The lobe deposits measured in this study have event‐bed thicknesses and thinning rates most similar to semi‐confined proximal lobes, suggesting a more proximal position and more confined than previously interpreted. Based on the relationships between sandstone and mudstone thicknesses and thinning rates, bed and lobe‐element compensation and minimal evidence of erosion, the Point Loma Formation at Cabrillo National Monument is reinterpreted as a medial lobe environment with some degree of lateral and/or frontal confinement.
The effects of puberty on associations between mood/personality factors and disordered eating symptoms in girls
Authors: Vo Phuong T. , Fowler Natasha , Rolan Emily P. , Culbert Kristen M. , Racine Sarah E. , Burt S. Alexandra , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveNegative and positive urgency, anxiety, and depressive symptoms are significant factors of disordered eating (DE) symptoms in early adolescence through young adulthood. However, it is unclear how puberty—a critical developmental milestone that is associated with increased risk for DE symptoms—affects the relationship between these factors and DE symptoms, given that the role of pubertal status has rarely been considered in relation to these associations. Thus, the present study examined whether puberty moderates associations between mood/personality factors and DE in pre‐adolescent and adolescent girls.MethodParticipants included 981 girls (aged 8–16 years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Mood/personality factors, pubertal status, and DE were assessed with self‐report questionnaires.ResultsPuberty significantly moderated associations between several factors (negative urgency, positive urgency, trait anxiety, depressive symptoms) and the cognitive symptoms of DE (e.g., shape/weight concerns, body dissatisfaction). Associations between mood/personality factors and cognitive DE were stronger in girls with more advanced pubertal status. By contrast, no significant moderation effects were detected for mood/personality‐dysregulated eating (e.g., binge eating, emotional eating) associations.DiscussionFindings identify pubertal development as an important moderator of mood/personality‐DE symptom associations, especially for cognitive DE symptoms that are known to predict the later onset of clinical pathology.
Drivers of litter mass loss and faunal composition of detritus patches change over time
Authors: Seer Franziska K. , Putze Gregor , Pennings Steven C. , Zimmer Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDecomposition of vegetal detritus is one of the most fundamental ecosystem processes. In complex landscapes, the fate of litter of terrestrial plants may depend on whether it ends up decomposing in terrestrial or aquatic conditions. However, (1) to what extent decomposition rates are controlled by environmental conditions or by detritus type, and (2) how important the composition of the detritivorous fauna is in mediating decomposition in different habitats, remain as unanswered questions. We incubated two contrasting detritus types in three distinct habitat types in Coastal Georgia, USA, to test the hypotheses that (1) the litter fauna composition depends on the habitat and the litter type available, and (2) litter mass loss (as a proxy for decomposition) depends on environmental conditions (habitat) and the litter type. We found that the abundance of most taxa of the litter fauna depends primarily on habitat. Litter type became a stronger driver for some taxa over time, but the overall faunal composition was only weakly affected by litter type. Decomposition also depends strongly on habitat, with up to ca. 80% of the initial detrital mass lost over 25 months in the marsh and forest habitats, but less than 50% lost in the creek bank habitat. Mass loss rates of oak versus pine litter differed initially but converged within habitat types within 12 months. We conclude that, although the habitat type is the principle driver of the community composition of the litter fauna, litter type is a significant driver of litter mass loss in the early stages of the decomposition process. With time, however, litter types become more and more similar, and habitat becomes the dominating factor in determining decomposition of older litter. Thus, the major driver of litter mass loss changes over time from being the litter type in the early stages to the habitat (environmental conditions) in later stages.
Microcystins in planktonic and benthic food web components from Greenlandic lakes
Authors: Trout‐Haney Jessica V. , Cottingham Kathryn L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is increasing global concern regarding the social, economic, human health, and environmental health implications of cyanotoxins. However, much of what we know about cyanotoxins comes from studies of temperate or tropical systems with conspicuous surface blooms of cyanobacteria. We measured the concentrations of microcystins (MCs), potent cyanotoxins produced by many cyanobacterial taxa, within lake food webs in southwestern Greenland. We detected MCs in six taxonomic groups of organisms and found that median MC concentrations in large (>50 µm) phytoplankton were an order of magnitude higher than benthic cyanobacteria (genus Nostoc) and two orders of magnitude higher than benthic grazers and consumers (snails, dytiscid larvae, and chironomid larvae). Microcystin concentrations generally decreased with increasing trophic position, suggesting that biomagnification does not occur in these lakes. We conclude that MCs are prevalent in multiple components of these Arctic aquatic food webs and that both benthic and pelagic taxa may be sources of MCs.
Integrated ecosystems: linking food webs through reciprocal resource reliance
Authors: Baruch Ethan M. , Bateman Heather L. , Lytle David A. , Merritt David M. , Sabo John L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEcosystems are defined, studied, and managed according to boundaries constructed to conceptualize patterns of interest at a certain scale and scope. The distinction between ecosystems becomes obscured when resources from multiple origins cross porous boundaries and are assimilated into food webs through repeated trophic transfers. Ecosystem compartments can define bounded localities in a heterogeneous landscape that simultaneously retain and exchange energy in the form of organic matter. Here we developed and tested a framework to quantify reciprocal reliance on cross‐boundary resource exchange and calculate the contribution of primary production from adjacent ecosystem compartments cycling through food webs to support consumers at different trophic levels. Under this framework, an integrated ecosystem can be measured and designated when the boundary between spatially distinct compartments is permeable and the bidirectional exchange of resources contributes significantly to sustaining both food webs. Using a desert river and riparian zone as a case study, we demonstrate that resources exchanged across the aquatic–riparian boundary cycle through multiple trophic levels. Furthermore, predators on both sides of the boundary were supported by externally produced resources to a similar extent, indicating this is a tightly integrated river–riparian ecosystem and that changes to either compartment will substantially impact the other. Using published data on lake ecosystems, we demonstrated that benthic and pelagic ecosystem compartments are likely not fully integrated, but differences between lakes could be used to test ecological hypotheses. Finally, we discuss how the integrated ecosystem framework could be applied in urban‐preserve and field‐forest ecosystems to address a broad range of ecological concepts. Because few systems function in complete isolation, this novel approach has application to research and management strategies globally as ecosystems continue to face novel pressures that precipitate cascading ecological repercussions well beyond a bounded system of focus.
Non‐invasive home telemonitoring in patients with decompensated heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Drews Teemu E.I. , Laukkanen Jari , Nieminen Tuomo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe planned this systematic review and meta‐analysis to study an estimate of the effect of non‐invasive home telemonitoring (TM) in the treatment of patients with recently decompensated heart failure (HF). A systematic literature search was conducted in the Medline, Cinahl, and Scopus databases to look for randomized controlled studies comparing TM with standard care in the treatment of patients with recently decompensated HF. The main outcomes of interest were all‐cause hospitalizations and mortality. Eleven original articles met our eligibility criteria. The pooled estimate of the relative risk of all‐cause hospitalization in the TM group compared with standard care was 0.95 (95% CI 0.84–1.08, P = 0.43) and the relative risk of all‐cause death was 0.83 (95% CI 0.63–1.09, P = 0.17). There was significant clinical heterogeneity among primary studies. HF medication could be directly altered in three study interventions, and two of these had a statistically significant effect on all‐cause hospitalizations. The pooled effect estimate of TM interventions on all‐cause hospitalizations and all‐cause death in patients with recently decompensated heart failure was neutral.
Degree of hydrolysis, functional and antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysates from Grass Turtle (Chinemys reevesii) as influenced by enzymatic hydrolysis conditions
Authors: Islam Md. Serajul , Hongxin Wang , Admassu Habtamu , Noman Anwar , Ma Chaoyang , An wei Fu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGrass turtle muscle was hydrolyzed with papain enzyme to produce protein hydrolysate (PH) and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was determined. Under optimal conditions, the highest DH was 19.52% and the yield was recorded as 17.26%. Protein content of the hydrolysates was ranged from 73.35% to 76.63%. Total amino acids were more than 96.77% for each PH. The PH obtained at DH 19.52% achieved excellent solubility and emulsifying activity which were 95.56% and 108.76 m2/g, respectively at pH 6. Foam capacity amounted 100% in PH of DH 19.52% at pH 2, and water‐holding capacity was 4.38 g/g. The antioxidant activity showed the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (95.25%), ABTS (84.88%), DPPH (75.89%), iron chelating (63.25%), and cupper chelating (66.90%) at DH 11.96%, whereas reducing power (0.88) at DH 19.52%. Thus, the findings indicated that utilization of grass turtle muscle protein hydrolysate is a potential alternative protein resource to improve the nutritional and functional properties in food ingredients and product formulations.
Exome sequence association study of levels and longitudinal change of cardiovascular risk factor phenotypes in European Americans and African Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Feofanova Elena V. , Lim Elise , Chen Han , Lee MinJae , Liu Ching‐Ti , Cupples L. Adrienne , Boerwinkle Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 31% of all deaths worldwide. Among CVD risk factors are age, race, increased systolic blood pressure (BP), and dyslipidemia. Both BP and blood lipids levels change with age, with a dose‐dependent relationship between the cumulative exposure to hyperlipidemia and the risk of CVD. We performed an exome sequence association study using longitudinal data with up to 7805 European Americans (EAs) and 3171 African Americans (AAs) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We assessed associations of common (minor allele frequency > 5%) nonsynonymous and splice‐site variants and gene‐based sets of rare variants with levels and with longitudinal change of seven CVD risk factor phenotypes (BP traits: systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure; lipids traits: triglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL‐C], low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL‐C]). Furthermore, we investigated the relationship of the identified variants and genes with select CVD endpoints. We identified two novel genes: DCLK3 associated with the change of HDL‐C levels in AAs and RAB7L1 associated with the change of LDL‐C levels in EAs. RAB7L1 is further associated with an increased risk of heart failure in ARIC EAs. Investigation of the contribution of genetic factors to the longitudinal change of CVD risk factor phenotypes promotes our understanding of the etiology of CVD outcomes, stressing the importance of incorporating the longitudinal structure of the cohort data in future analyses.
Outcomes of primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review
Authors: Membreno Petra V. , Luttrell Jordan B. , Mamidala Madhu P. , Schwartz David L. , Hayes D. Neil , Gleysteen John P. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgery with adjuvant radiotherapy is the accepted standard for treatment of advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC); however, alternative evidence suggests that definitive (chemo)radiotherapy may have similar outcomes.MethodsSystematic review was performed to assess the therapeutic value of radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy as a primary modality for treating OCSCC. Meta‐analysis of outcomes was performed between articles comparing radiotherapy and primary surgical treatment.ResultsMeta‐analysis showed less favorable results of radiotherapy compared to surgery: overall survival at 3‐years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34–0.77) and 5‐years (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.29–0.60); disease‐specific survival at 3‐years (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32–0.96) and 5‐years (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32–0.96). Odds of feeding tube dependency were higher in primary radiotherapy group (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.27–5.64).ConclusionsResults of this study support the current perspective favoring primary surgical treatment for OCSCC in the absence of surgical contraindications.