bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allen's fossa—An attempt to dissolve the confusion of different nonmetric variants on the anterior femoral neck
Authors: Göhring Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA comparison of different studies is only possible if the same guidelines are used. However, due to the rather imprecise description of the different nonmetric traits on the anterior femoral neck (i.e., Allen's fossa, femoral plaque, Poirier's facet), it is impossible to compare the results of different authors. This is especially the case for the variant called Allen's fossa or cervical fossa of Allen, which has severely been mistaken in a lot of previous studies. As a consequence, a clarified and more detailed definition of this variant is required what enables the comparison of the results of different investigators. This study gives a detailed overview on the variety of different terms, which are often used simultaneously. The aim of the study is to develop a clarified definition of the term Allen's fossa, including the description of any sex‐ or age‐related differences, based on morphological examinations of archaeological skeletal remains from Karacamirli (Azerbaijan), Unterigling (Germany), and Ur (Iraq). Allen's fossa is shown to be usually bilaterally present in individuals of all age classes, including infants and rather old individuals, without any signs of modifications with increasing age. In addition, the variant is present in both sexes with the same manifestation. These findings are in contrast to other studies, what is very likely the result of previously mistaken variants. The study provides a detailed definition of Allen's fossa and a clear distinction from other variants at the femoral neck. The presented guidelines will allow a better comparability between different investigators in further studies. Individual differences, including vascular deficits and pathological conditions, can cause a considerable amount of variations in the manifestation of Allen's fossa, which is most likely caused by grinding of the zona orbicularis on the femoral neck.
Feasibility of Integration of Yoga in a Behavioral Weight‐Loss Intervention: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Jakicic John M. , Davis Kelliann K. , Rogers Renee J. , Sherman Sally A. , Barr Susan , Marcin Marissa L. , Collins Katherine A. , Collins Audrey M. , Yuan Nalingna , Lang Wei 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study examined the feasibility and comparison of two styles of yoga within the context of a standard behavioral weight‐loss intervention (SBWI).MethodsFifty adults with obesity (BMI: 31.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2) participated in this 6‐month study that included a SBWI and a calorie‐ and fat‐reduced diet. Randomization was to restorative Hatha (SBWI+RES) or Vinyasa (SBWI+VIN) yoga. Yoga was prescribed to increase from 20 to 40 to 60 minutes per session across the intervention. Weight was assessed at baseline and 6 months. Perceptions of yoga were assessed at the completion of the intervention.ResultsAdjusted weight loss was −3.4 kg (95% CI: −6.4 to −0.5) in SBWI+RES and −3.8 kg (95% CI: −6.8 to −0.9) in SBWI+VIN (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Of all participants, 74.4% reported that they would continue participation in yoga after the SBWI. Session duration was a barrier as yoga increased from 20 to 40 to 60 minutes per day, with 0%, 7.5%, and 48.8% reporting this barrier, respectively.ConclusionsAmong adults with obesity, yoga participation, within the context of a SBWI, appears to be feasible, with weight loss not differing by style of yoga. Progressing to 60 minutes per session appears to be a barrier to engagement in yoga in this population.
Associations Between Brain Gray Matter Volumes and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Healthy Adults
Authors: Raiko Juho R. H. , Tuulari Jetro J. , Saari Teemu , Parkkola Riitta , Savisto Nina , Nuutila Pirjo , Virtanen Kirsi 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveGray matter (GM) volume in different brain loci has been shown to vary in obesity and diabetes, and elevated fasting plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels have been suggested as one potential mechanism. The hypothesis presented in this study is that brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity may correlate with GM volume in areas negatively associated with obesity and diabetes.MethodsA total of 36 healthy patients (M/F: 12/24, age 39.7 ± 9.4 years, BMI 27.5 ± 5.6 kg/m2) were imaged with positron emission tomography using fatty acid analog [18F]FTHA to measure NEFA uptake and with [15O]H2O to measure perfusion during cold exposure, at room temperature during fasting, or during a postprandial state. A 2‐hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to measure whole‐body insulin sensitivity (M value, mean 7.6 ± 3.9 mg/kg/min). T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T was performed on all patients.ResultsBAT NEFA uptake was associated directly with GM volume in anterior cerebellum and occipital lobe (P ≤ 0.04) when adjusted for age, gender, and intra‐abdominal fat volume and with anterior cerebellum, limbic lobe, and temporal lobe GM volumes when adjusted for M value.ConclusionsBAT NEFA metabolism may participate in protection from cognitive degeneration associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as central obesity and insulin resistance. Potential causal relationships between BAT activity and GM volumes remain to be examined.
Feasibility and Predictive Performance of a Triage System for Patients with Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fasola Gianpiero , Pelizzari Giacomo , Zara Diego , Targato Giada , Petruzzellis Giuseppe , Minisini Alessandro Marco , Bin Alessandra , Donato Raffaela , Mansutti Mauro , Comuzzi Chiara , Candoni Anna , Sperotto Alessandra , Fanin Renato 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Triage procedures have been implemented to limit hospital access and minimize infection risk among patients with cancer during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. In the absence of prospective evidence, we aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of a triage system in the oncological setting.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzes hospital admissions to the oncology and hematology department of Udine, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 30 to April 30, 2020). A total of 3,923 triage procedures were performed, and data of 1,363 individual patients were reviewed.

Results
A self-report triage questionnaire identified 6% of triage-positive procedures, with a sensitivity of 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.0%–85.4%), a specificity of 94.3% (95% CI, 93.5%–95.0%), and a positive predictive value of 5.9% (95% CI, 4.3%–8.0%) for the identification of patients who were not admitted to the hospital after medical review. Patients with thoracic cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13–2.53, p = .01), younger age (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.15–2.01, p &lt; .01), and body temperature at admission ≥37°C (OR, 9.52; 95% CI, 5.44–16.6, p &lt; .0001) had increased risk of positive triage. Direct hospital access was warranted to 93.5% of cases, a further 6% was accepted after medical evaluation, whereas 0.5% was refused at admission.

Conclusion
A self-report questionnaire has a low positive predictive value to triage patients with cancer and suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms. Differential diagnosis with tumor- or treatment-related symptoms is always required to avoid unnecessary treatment delays. Body temperature measurement improves the triage process's overall sensitivity, and widespread SARS-CoV-2 testing should be implemented to identify asymptomatic carriers.

Implications for Practice
This is the first study to provide data on the predictive performance of a triage system in the oncological setting during the coronavirus disease outbreak. A questionnaire-based triage has a low positive predictive value to triage patients with cancer and suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms, and a differential diagnosis with tumor- or treatment-related symptoms is mandatory to avoid unnecessary treatment delays. Consequently, adequate recourses should be reallocated for a triage implementation in the oncological setting. Of note, body temperature measurement improves the overall sensitivity of the triage process, and widespread testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection should be implemented to identify asymptomatic carriers.
Assessment of Waldeyer's ring in pediatric and adolescent Hodgkin lymphoma patients—Importance of multimodality imaging: Results from the EuroNet‐PHL‐C1 trial
Authors: Kurch Lars , Mauz‐Körholz Christine , Fosså Alexander , Georgi Thomas Walther , Kluge Regine , Bartelt Jörg Martin , Kunze Christian , Wohlgemuth Walter Alexander , Pelz Tanja , Vordermark Dirk , Plößl Sebastian , Hasenclever Dirk , Sabri Osama , Landman‐Parker Judith , Wallace William Hamish , Karlen Jonas , Fernández‐Teijeiro Ana , Cepelova Michaela , Klekawka Tomasz , Løndalen Ayca Muftuler , Steiner Dagmar , Krombach Gabriele , Attarbaschi Andishe , Hoffmann Martha , Ceppi Francesco , Pears Jane , Hraskova Andrea , Uyttebroeck Anne , Beishuizen Auke , Dieckmann Karin , Leblanc Thierry , Daw Stephen , Körholz Dieter , Stoevesandt Dietrich 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the EuroNet Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma (EuroNet‐PHL) trials, decision on Waldeyer's ring (WR) involvement is usually based on clinical assessment, that is, physical examination and/or nasopharyngoscopy. However, clinical assessment only evaluates mucosal surface and is prone to interobserver variability. Modern cross‐sectional imaging technology may provide valuable information beyond mucosal surface, which may lead to a more accurate WR staging.Patients, materials, and methodsThe EuroNet‐PHL‐C1 trial recruited 2102 patients, of which 1752 underwent central review including reference reading of their cross‐sectional imaging data. In 14 of 1752 patients, WR was considered involved according to clinical assessment. In these 14 patients, the WR was re‐assessed by applying an imaging‐based algorithm considering information from18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. For verification purposes, the imaging‐based algorithm was applied to 100 consecutive patients whose WR was inconspicuous on clinical assessment.ResultsThe imaging‐based algorithm confirmed WR involvement only in four of the 14 patients. Of the remaining 10 patients, four had retropharyngeal lymph node involvement and six an inconspicuous WR. Applying the imaging‐based algorithm to 100 consecutive patients with physiological appearance of their WR on clinical assessment, absence of WR involvement could be confirmed in 99. However, suspicion of WR involvement was raised in one patient.ConclusionsThe imaging‐based algorithm was feasible and easily applicable at initial staging of young patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. It increased the accuracy of WR staging, which may contribute to a more individualized treatment in the future.
Influence of wood thermal modification on the supermolecular structure of polypropylene composites
Authors: Odalanowska Majka , Borysiak Sławomir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe thermal modification of wood can be an interesting way of improving adhesion in polymer composites, although the mechanical properties of composites with heat treated wood presented so far in many works arouse much controversy. In this work, effects of thermal modification of wood on the supermolecular structure and morphology of wood/polypropylene composites (WPC) were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, hot stage optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. A significant impact of the conditions of thermal wood modification on the formation of polymorphic varieties of the polymer matrix has been demonstrated. Furthermore, thermal treatment also affected the nucleation activity of wood, which was confirmed by determined parameters such as, crystal conversion, half crystallization time, and crystallization temperature. In addition, differences in the formation of transcrystalline structures responsible for the level of interfacial adhesion were depicted based on hot stage optical microscopy. Mechanical tests have shown that obtaining the appropriate strength properties of composite materials depends on the selection of appropriate conditions for thermal modification, which determine the supermolecular structure and nucleation activity. The obtained results, not reported so far, are extremely important when designing WPC composite materials with strictly defined physicochemical parameters.
Trends in Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent use and blood transfusions for chemotherapy‐induced anemia throughout FDA's risk evaluation and mitigation strategy lifecycle
Authors: Vega Amarilys , Zhang Rongmei , Wong Hui‐Lee , Wernecke Michael , Alexander Michael , Feng Yuhui , Lo An‐Chi , Lufkin Bradley , Ryan Qin , Izem Rima , MaCurdy Thomas E. , Kelman Jeffrey A. , Graham David J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeErythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs), indicated for treating some patients with chemotherapy‐induced anemia (CIA), may increase the risk of tumor progression and mortality. FDA required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to mitigate these risks. We assessed REMS impact on ESA administration and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion as surrogate metrics for REMS effectiveness.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including data from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2018 for beneficiaries ≥65 years enrolled in Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Parts A/B with a cancer diagnosis; patients with other indications for ESA use were excluded. Study time was divided into five periods demarcated by issuance of CMS National Coverage Determination (NCD) (Pre‐NCD, Pre‐REMS) and REMS milestones (Grace Period, REMS, post‐REMS). Study outcomes were monthly proportion of chemotherapy episodes (CTEs) with concomitant ESA administration, with post‐CTE ESA administration, and with RBC transfusions.ResultsOf 1 778 855 beneficiaries treated with CT, 308742 received concomitant ESA for CIA. The proportion of CTEs with concomitant and post‐CTE ESA administration decreased Pre‐REMS (9.0 percentage points [pp] and 3.5 pp, respectively). There were no significant post‐REMS changes in the proportion of CTEs with concomitant (0.0 pp) and post‐CTE ESA administration (0.1 pp). Fluctuation in RBC transfusions was <4 pp throughout the study period.ConclusionsMedicare beneficiaries showed a substantive decrease in ESA administration after NCD, with minimal impact by the REMS and its removal. Small changes in RBC transfusion over the study period were likely due to a national secular trend.
Preparation of polypropylene/high‐melt‐strength PP open‐cell foam for oil absorption
Authors: Yeh Shu‐Kai , Tsai Yi‐Bei , Gebremedhin Kiday Fiseha , Chien Tse‐Yu , Chang Rong‐Yu , Tung Kuo‐Lun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOil spills not only cause significant economic losses; they also harm the environment. In this study, high‐melt‐strength polypropylene (HMSPP) and linear polypropylene (PP) were compounded at different ratios and foamed by supercritical CO2at various temperatures and pressures to develop open‐cell foams for oil absorption applications. The experimental results show that adding HMSPP increased the foam expansion ratio and the open‐cell content and that the foam processing window widened with increasing HMSPP content. The oil absorption experiment results show that the amount of oil absorption increased with the foam expansion ratio and that low oil viscosity resulted in high oil absorption. In addition, the amount of oil absorption remained unchanged after 10 cycles of oil absorption experiments. The oil absorption kinetics study shows that the oil absorption process complied with the pseudo‐second‐order law.
Identification of spliced peptides in pancreatic islets uncovers errors leading to false assignments
Authors: Lichti Cheryl F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProteasomal spliced peptides (PSPs) have been identified in the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptidomes of several tumors and have emerged as novel neoantigens that can stimulate highly specific T cells. Much debate has surrounded the percentage of PSPs in the immunopeptidome; reported numbers have ranged from <1–5% to 12–45%. Recently, our laboratory demonstrated in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs), a special class of spliced peptides, are formed during insulin granule degradation in crinosomes of the pancreatic β cells and that modified peptides comprised a significant source of false positive HIP assignments. Herein, this study is extended to crinosomes isolated from other mouse strains and to two recent MHC class I studies, to see if modified peptides explained discrepancies in reported percentages of PSPs. This analysis revealed that both MHC‐I peptidomes contained many spectra erroneously assigned as PSPs. While many false positive PSPs did arise from modified peptides, others arose from probable data processing errors. Thus, the reported numbers of PSPs in the literature are likely elevated due to errors associated with data processing and analysis.
Preoperative malnutrition is a risk factor for delayed recovery of mobilization after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Nanri Yuta , Shibuya Manaka , Fukushima Kensuke , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionMany studies have examined nutritional status and deteriorated postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. However, few studies have focused on nutritional status and postoperative mobility.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of preoperative nutritional status on mobility after total hip arthroplasty.DesignRetrospective single‐institution cohort study.SettingOrthopedic inpatient rehabilitation center.ParticipantsA total of 503 patients who underwent unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty from 2015 through 2019 were included.MethodsData were collected on patient demographics, comorbidities, preoperative nutritional status, and quadriceps strength. Nutritional status was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome was postoperative mobility defined as the number of days from surgery to starting to walk independently.ResultsAmong 503 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, 18.9% were classified as malnourished. Patients with malnutrition had a one‐day delay in achieving mobilization compared with patients with normal nutrition (6 vs. 5 days, P = .006). According to the Kaplan–Meier curves, patients with malnutrition had a significant delay in mobilization compared with those with normal nutrition (P < .001). All three Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that preoperative malnutrition was associated with a higher risk of delayed mobilization (hazard ratios 0.70–0.74).ConclusionsPreoperative malnutrition as assessed by the CONUT is a significant risk factor for delayed recovery of mobilization after total hip arthroplasty.
Worry about somatic symptoms as a sign of cancer recurrence: prevalence and associations with fear of recurrence and quality of life in survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Cunningham Sarah J. , Patton Michaela , Schulte Fiona , Richardson Patricia A. , Heathcote Lauren C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveSomatic symptoms (e.g., pain, fatigue) are common after childhood cancer and are associated with greater fear of cancer recurrence and poorer health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Qualitative studies indicate that survivors of childhood cancer (SCCs) worry about somatic symptoms as indicating cancer recurrence, which could in part explain associations between symptoms and poorer psychosocial outcomes. However, the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of symptom worry has not been quantitatively studied.MethodsSCCs (N = 111; 52% female;Mage at study = 17.67 years, range = 8–25 years;Mage at diagnosis = 6.70 years) across a variety of diagnoses were recruited from a pediatric cancer center in Canada and completed self‐report measures of symptom worry, symptom frequency, general anxiety, fear of cancer recurrence, and HRQoL.ResultsA majority (62%) of SCCs worried about at least one symptom as a sign of recurrence. Pain was the most worrisome symptom, but SCCs also reported worrying about symptoms that are rarely associated with cancer recurrence such as hunger, dizziness, and feeling cold. Symptom worry was more strongly associated with fear of cancer recurrence than the mere frequency of those symptoms, and this relationship held while controlling for treatment factors and general anxiety. Symptom worry and frequency each explained unique variance in HRQoL.ConclusionsWorry about somatic symptoms as a sign of cancer recurrence is common and may be impactful after childhood cancer. Excessive worry about somatic symptoms could be an important target to reduce fear of recurrence and increase HRQoL in SCCs.
The effects of nebulizer hygiene training on the practices of cystic fibrosis patients and caregivers
Authors: Yilmaz Yegit Cansu , Ergenekon Almala Pinar , Mursaloglu Huseyin Hakan , Cenk Muruvvet , Uzunoglu Burcu Suzer , Tastan Gamze , Gokdemir Yasemin , Erdem Eralp Ela , Karakoc Fazilet , Nasr Samya Z. , Karadag Bulent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNebulizers can be contaminated with microorganisms and may be a source of infection in the lower airways in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).ObjectivePrimary aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge regarding nebulizer hygiene and adherence to CF foundation infection prevention and control (IPC) measures of CF patients in our center. We also evaluated the effect of a standardized training program on nebulizer cleaning and disinfection practises with pre and posttest.MethodsCaregivers of 173 CF patients followed at Marmara University CF Center filled a questionnaire (pretest) regarding nebulizer hygiene and received didactic education including pictures and videos based on the cystic fibrosis foundation (CFF) IPC guidelines, patients were also provided educational materials. Posttest was performed 1–3 months after the education session.ResultsFollowing standardized training, usage of appropriate methods according to CFF IPC guidelines improved significantly. Frequency of nebulizer cleaning after each use increased from 58.4% to 78% (p < .01) and disinfection frequency after each/daily usage increased from 33.6% to 75.7% (p < .01). Additionally, methods of cleaning and storage of the nebulizer, also improved significantly (p < .01, p < .01).ConclusionEducation was highly effective to increase the rate of proper practices for nebulizer hygiene. The necessity of cleaning, disinfection, careful drying, correct storage of the nebulizer parts, and changing the nebulizer equipment within recommended time should be emphasized to CF families regularly.