bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granular Cell Tumor: Immunohistochemical Assessment of Inhibin-α, Protein Gene Product 9.5, S100 Protein, CD68, and Ki-67 Proliferative Index With Clinical Correlation
Authors: Le Brian H. , Boyer Philip J. , Lewis Jean E. , Kapadia Silloo B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor of nerve sheath origin with a predilection for upper aerodigestive tract, skin, and soft tissue. The neoplastic cells typically express S100 and CD68 (KP-1), the latter due to cytoplasmic lysosome content. However, the histogenesis of this tumor is unknown. Additionally, distinction between benign and malignant GCT is difficult because of histologic similarity and lack of reliable criteria that can predict clinical behavior.
Objective.—To perform a comparative, side-by-side immunohistochemical assessment of the traditional immunohistochemical markers for GCTs (S100, CD68), along with the newer markers (inhibin-α, protein gene product 9.5) for these tumors.
Design.—To address diagnostic and prognostic issues, we studied 30 specimens of GCT (27 primary and 3 recurrent tumors, 2 of which occurred consecutively in the same patient) for (1) nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, necrosis, spindling, high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and mitoses; (2) immunohistochemical expression of inhibin-α, protein gene product 9.5, S100, CD68 (KP-1), and Ki-67 using the avidin-biotin complex method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections; and (3) correlation between tumor grade, proliferative fraction, and clinical data.
Results.—Twenty-seven of 27 primary GCTs and 1 of 3 recurrent GCTs had typical histologic features, while the 2 consecutive recurrent GCT specimens from the same patient were atypical (moderate nuclear atypia and prominent nucleoli alone). The mean age for primary GCT was 37.3 years (range, 5–67 years), and mean size was 1.89 cm. None of the cases metastasized. All 30 specimens showed diffuse (2+ to 3+) staining for S100, CD68, and inhibin-α, and 3+ staining for protein gene product 9.5; pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia was nonreactive. The Ki-67 proliferative index was less than 1% to 20% in typical nonrecurrent cases, 1% in the typical recurrent case, and 1% and 10% in 2 sequential recurrences of the atypical case.
Conclusion.—Our study expands the immunophenotype of GCT (S100, CD68, protein gene product 9.5, and inhibin-α) regardless of location and supports a neural origin. Intensity of immunohistochemical staining had no prognostic significance. Although 1 of the 2 recurrent GCTs had atypical features, the Ki-67 proliferative index did not distinguish reliably between typical (nonrecurrent) and atypical or recurrent GCTs. The significance of inhibin expression with regard to cell differentiation and pathogenesis is unclear and warrants further investigation.
Distinct Secreted Frizzled Receptor Protein 1 Staining Pattern in Patients With Hyperplastic Polyposis Coli Syndrome
Authors: Oberschmid Barbara I. , Dietmaier Wolfgang , Hartmann Arndt , Dahl Edgar , Klopocki Eva , Beatty Barbara G. , Hyman Neil H. , Blaszyk Hagen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—Patients with hyperplastic polyposis coli syndrome are thought to harbor precursor lesions of a proposed hyperplasia-carcinoma pathway in colorectal cancer, but morphologic recognition of such lesions remains difficult. Hypermethylation of the secreted Frizzled receptor protein 1 gene on chromosome 8p12 is one of the earliest molecular alterations in colorectal carcinogenesis, potentially disrupting the Wnt signaling cascade of cellular growth control.Objective.—To determine if hyperplastic polyps from patients with hyperplastic polyposis coli syndrome show a distinct immunohistochemical expression pattern for mismatch repair proteins and secreted Frizzled receptor protein 1 compared to their sporadic counterparts.Design.—Immunohistochemical studies (secreted Frizzled receptor protein 1, 3 mismatch repair proteins, and p53) were performed on 23 hyperplastic polyps, 6 synchronous colon cancers, and normal colonic mucosa from 6 patients with hyperplastic polyposis coli syndrome and were compared with studies of sporadic hyperplastic polyps obtained from 13 matched control subjects.Results.—The staining pattern for the mismatch repair proteins MLH-1, MSH-2, and MSH-6 did not differ between sporadic and syndromic hyperplastic polyps. In contrast, 52% of syndromic hyperplastic polyps showed a reproducible and distinct staining pattern for secreted Frizzled receptor protein 1 that was not seen in control specimens and that was associated with larger polyp size (P = .002) and location in the proximal colon (P = .01).Conclusions.—Some hyperplastic polyps from patients with hyperplastic polyposis coli syndrome show a secreted Frizzled receptor protein 1 immunophenotype that could indicate alterations of cellular growth control. These findings may help identify precursor lesions in the proposed hyperplasia-carcinoma pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Status in Breast Cancer Metastases to the Central Nervous System
Authors: Grupka Nichon L. , Lear-Kaul Kelly C. , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters Bette K. , Singh Meenakshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The development of drug therapies (ZD1839) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) offers a pragmatic reason for exploring expression of EGFR in breast cancer, particularly metastatic breast cancer. There is a reported synergistic relationship between trastuzumab and ZD1839 therapy in patients with breast cancer. Although EGFR is the preferred dimerization partner for HER-2, it is unclear whether expression of these 2 interrelated receptors in a given patient with breast cancer would be parallel or mutually exclusive.
Objectives.—To assess EGFR status in primary breast carcinoma versus metastatic central nervous system (CNS) sites and to compare results with HER-2/neu status in the same tumor.
Design.—Central nervous system metastases (n = 51) from 33 patients and corresponding primary breast cancer specimens, when available (n = 11), were immunohistochemically stained for EGFR using a monoclonal mouse anti-EGFR antibody (clone 31G7) that recognizes both the wild-type form and the 145-kd variant III form of EGFR. The sections were evaluated by visual and image analysis techniques, and results were compared to previously assessed HER-2/neu status.
Results.—Epidermal growth factor receptor expression was found in CNS metastases from 39% of patients, with 82% concordance between the EGFR status of the primary breast and metastatic sites, and 92% concordance between the EGFR status among multiple CNS metastases in a given patient. Epidermal growth factor receptor and HER-2/neu status were concordant at the primary site in only 45% of patients. Additionally, EGFR and HER-2/neu status were concordant among multiple CNS metastases per individual case in only 45% of patients.
Conclusion.—Thirty-nine percent of patients with metastatic breast cancer express EGFR, with parallel expression between metastatic sites and the primary neoplasm in 82% of the cases. The discordance in 18% of the cases, however, suggests that anti-EGFR agents might not show equal efficacy against metastatic tumor deposits and the primary tumor within a given patient. An additional corollary for pathologists based on this nonhomogeneity of receptor expression is that both the primary breast and multiple metastatic tumor deposits may need to be individually assessed for EGFR status. In our study, most metastatic tumor deposits showed expression for either EGFR or HER-2/neu, and less often for both, implying that drug therapies could be individualized for patients based on test results for both receptors.
Low-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (Carcinoid Tumor) of the Prostate
Authors: Reyes Adriana , Moran Cesar A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A case of primary, prostatic, low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor) is described. The patient is an 86-year-old man who presented with symptoms of gross hematuria of several days' duration. Physical examination and a bladder biopsy specimen revealed the presence of a primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder with invasion into the muscularis propria. A cystoprostatectomy was performed, which revealed the presence of invasive adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Prostatic sampling demonstrated the presence of a low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor) and a small focus of well-differentiated conventional adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies using neuroendocrine markers clearly demarcated the presence of the neuroendocrine tumor. The case presented herein highlights the ubiquitous distribution of neuroendocrine neoplasms along the male genitourinary tract and the presence of 3 separate neoplasms in the genitourinary tract.
Prostate Gland–like Epithelium in the Epididymis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yan-Jie Lee Lisa , Tzeng James , Grosman Marina , Unger Pamela D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aberrant prostatic tissue occurs commonly in the adult male urethra and bladder. Ectopic prostatic tissue occurring outside the urinary system is rare. One case with scattered prostate-type glands in epididymis has been reported in the literature. We report a related case, in which the presence of prostate gland–like epithelium was recognized in epididymal glands in routine histology and was confirmed by subsequent immunohistochemical analysis using prostate-specific antigen. We then examined 23 additional orchiectomy specimens for the presence of prostate-like epithelium. The possibility of this being true ectopia versus an unusual metaplastic change is discussed.
The Effects of Diseases, Drugs, and Chemicals on the Creativity and Productivity of Famous Sculptors, Classic Painters, Classic Music Composers, and Authors
Authors: Wolf Paul L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—Many myths, theories, and speculations exist as to the exact etiology of the diseases, drugs, and chemicals that affected the creativity and productivity of famous sculptors, classic painters, classic music composers, and authors.Objective.—To emphasize the importance of a modern clinical chemistry laboratory and hematology coagulation laboratory in interpreting the basis for the creativity and productivity of various artists.Design.—This investigation analyzed the lives of famous artists, including classical sculptor Benvenuto Cellini; classical sculptor and painter Michelangelo Buonarroti; classic painters Ivar Arosenius, Edvard Munch, and Vincent Van Gogh; classic music composer Louis Hector Berlioz; and English essayist Thomas De Quincey. The analysis includes their illnesses, their famous artistic works, and the modern clinical chemistry, toxicology, and hematology coagulation tests that would have been important in the diagnosis and treatment of their diseases.Conclusions.—The associations between illness and art may be close and many because of both the actual physical limitations of the artists and their mental adaptation to disease. Although they were ill, many continued to be productive. If modern clinical chemistry, toxicology, and hematology coagulation laboratories had existed during the lifetimes of these various well-known individuals, clinical laboratories might have unraveled the mysteries of their afflictions. The illnesses these people endured probably could have been ascertained and perhaps treated. Diseases, drugs, and chemicals may have influenced their creativity and productivity.
What Is the Role of Cytokeratins in Barrett/Cardia Differentiation?
Authors: Younes Mamoun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The importance of distinguishing between Barrett metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia is now accepted, and the management of each entity is quite different. Patients with Barrett metaplasia are enrolled in surveillance programs, consisting of periodic endoscopy and biopsy, because of the known risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Patients with intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia, however, are not currently enrolled in such programs, because this condition carries a low risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. The distinction between both conditions by morphologic examination of routine histologic sections of endoscopic biopsies is extremely difficult if at all possible. A group of investigators proposed the use of immunostains for cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK20 to overcome such difficulty. They concluded that the Barrett CK7/CK20 pattern was a highly sensitive and specific marker for Barrett metaplasia. Their observations, however, were not confirmed by other investigators. However, because it may be associated with premalignant lesions elsewhere in the gastric mucosa, we propose that intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia may have the same clinical implication as Barrett metaplasia.
Primary Broad Ligament Cystadenocarcinoma With Mucinous Component: A Case Report With Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Mrad Karima , Driss Maha , Abdelmoula Salma , Sassi Samia , Hechiche Monia , Romdhane Khaled Ben 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Primary cystadenocarcinoma that arises in the broad ligament is extremely rare, especially when it is mucinous. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with a cystic mass of the right broad ligament who underwent a complete excision of the mass (7 × 7 × 3 cm) with hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, appendicectomy, and peritoneal biopsies. Pathologic examination showed a low-grade cystadenocarcinoma with a mucinous component limited to the broad ligament. Despite the chemotherapy (cisplatinum and cyclophosphamide) performed, early tumor recurrence occurred after approximately 6 months. Our observation revealed an abundant mucin production with pools of mucin similar to those of pseudomyxoma peritonei and an inflammatory infiltrate with prominent lipid phagocytosis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a strong and diffuse positivity for both cytokeratin 7 and epithelial membrane antigen. A less extensive staining with carcinoembryonic antigen and a focal unequivocal positivity with cytokeratin 20, particularly in mucin-secreting cells, were also observed. This finding could indicate a metaplastic process toward colonic phenotype similar to primary ovarian tumors.
Lethal Vertebral Artery Dissection in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tuluc Madalina , Brown Daniel , Goldman Bruce 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage represents a rare event in pregnancy with a high mortality rate. We present the case of a 39-year-old pregnant woman who developed right vertebral artery dissection with subsequent massive subarachnoid hemorrhage with fatal outcome. The macroscopic and microscopic autopsy findings are described. A review of the literature with a discussion of the varied predisposing factors for vertebral artery dissection and subarachnoid hemorrhage and the rarity of these events in pregnancy is provided.
A coesão semântica entre as lexias relacionadas aos fatores de atribuição em textos acadêmicos da área de Letras e Psicologia
Authors: Kader Cárla Callegaro Corrêa , Richter Marcos Gustavo 
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho visa investigar a coesão semântica entre lexias relacionadas aosFatores de Atribuição, previstos pela versão estendida da Teoria Holística da Atividade, em textos acadêmicos de Letras e Psicologia. Busca-se contrapor os resultados quantitativos do mapeamento semântico dos textos acadêmicos de uma profissão emancipada com os de uma profissão não emancipada. Para tanto, criou-se um corpus com textos acadêmicos da área de Letras e Psicologia. As lexias selecionadas são relacionadas ao campo de pesquisa dalinguagem e profissionalização. O mapeamento semântico foi feito por meio de um software livre. Os resultados gerados por esse aplicativo foram inseridos em uma tabela e calculados de acordo com as orientações de Richter (2011). Os resultados demonstraram que os textos de Letras apresentam destaque quantitativo para as lexias que envolvem o conhecimento praxeológico em contraste com os textos de Psicologia que se destacaram quantitativamenteem todas as subcategories dos Fatores de Atribuição.
A MODALIDADE NAS CONCEPÇÕES E PRINCÍPIOS DO DOCUMENTO BASE DO PROEJA AGOSTO/2007
Authors: Bochett Amanda Canterle , Oliveira Sandra Maria do Nascimento de 
Published: February 2021

Para Halliday e Matthiessen (2014), a noção de modalidade está relacionada à distinção entre proposições (informações) e propostas (bens e serviços), denominadas, respectivamente, modalização e modulação, que se expressam em diferentes graus. A modalização apresenta os graus de probabilidade e usualidade. Partindo de uma concepção teórica da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY e MATHIESSEN, 2014), o enfoque deste estudo recai sobre o uso do recurso de modalidade nas Concepções e Princípios do Documento Base do PROEJA agosto/2007. Para tal foi realizada na metafunção interpessoal, a análise de modalidade, levando em consideração a modalização (troca de informações) e modulação (troca de bens e serviços). Como resultados, houve a predominância de valor alto de comprometimento dos autores em relação às escolhas léxico-gramaticais.
A TRAJETÓRIA DE EXÍLIO DE LUISA CARNÉS
Authors: Cabrera Ana Paula 
Published: February 2021

Neste trabalho apresentamos parte da tradução da obra inédita no Brasil de uma das escritoras espanholas esquecidas pela história – Luisa Carnés (Madrid,1905- México,1964). Considerada uma de “las sinsombrero” da chamada “Generación de las Modernas”, Luisa Carnés é parte de uma geração de grandes mulheres que protagonizaram a imagem do século XX espanhol. Um dos objetivos é criar um método de tradução para a obra de Luisa Carnés que privilegie a trajetória de exílio que a obra propõe. Para tanto, pretendemos apresentar de partes das obras: De Barcelona a la Bretaña francesa (1939); El eslabón perdido (1957), que permaneceram nas sombras por quase cinquenta anos. Um resgate em forma de testemunho que analisa as dificuldades dos intelectuais no exílio mexicano. A justificativa de tal recorte baseia-se na importância de tornar conhecida a literatura de exílio espanhol de 1939, uma vez que o seu desconhecimento limita a compreensão de todo um período. Traduzir a obra de autores exilados constitui uma tarefa imprescindível que pode ajudar a delinear uma parte da literatura do século XX. Para esta pesquisa nossa proposta é trabalhar com teóricos como: Antonio Plaza Plaza, Seligamn-Silva, Iliana Olmedo.
Análise de redes sociais informais de amizade, confiança e aprendizagem em um restaurante
Authors: Braga Natalia Lopes , Carvalho Renata Guimarães de , Martins José Wilton Lima , Matos Tereza Glaucia Rocha , Maciel Regina Heloisa , Lopes Isabele Pequeno 
Published: February 2021

Purpose – The objective of the research was to analyze informal social networks that are part of the informal organization of a restaurant, specifying relational and structural aspects of the networks of friendship, trust and learning established amongst its workers.Design/methodology/approach – The approach of Social Networks Analysis was used, which adopts as a principle the perspective that the actors and their actions are interdependent and they establish connections amongst themselves. The study counted on the participation of 24 workers from a restaurant in the city of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, whose social networks were mapped and analyzed with the help of Ucinet and NetDraw software.Findings – As a result, it was found that informal networks are quite active in the restaurant. Their formation and functioning are part of the work culture of the informal organization, and do not necessarily have a direct association with formal positions and sectors. Informal organization assumes a certain independence from the formal structure, but not entirely, since the configuration of the friendship, trust and learning networks are associated with the dynamics of the restaurant's operation and the relevance of the activities performed by the workers.Originality/value – The research shows that the analysis of social networks allows a better understanding of the relationships established between workers, as well as the intermediated content, formation of informal groups, identification of actors who are leaders and mapping of information flows, contributing to the understanding of the informal organization of work.
Turnover de CEOS e retorno anormal: efeitos da intensidade da divulgação de notícias em jornais econômicos
Authors: Matos Ruben Mendes , Colauto Romualdo Douglas 
Published: February 2021

abnormal returns and CEO turnover motivations disclosures intensity based on the Efficient-Market Hypothesis (EMH) in its semi-strong form.Design/methodology/approach: A panel data of 65 events publicly traded Brazilian companies that have a Pension Fund among their shareholders, between 2010 and 2014 were used. Applying the Event Study methodology, the ordinary least-squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis was used to calculate the abnormal returns. The CEO turnover data were manually collected and systematically crosschecked, and content analysis were employed to identify its motivations. Spearman’s correlation measured the relation between motivation disclosure intensity and the abnormal returns.Findings: Results reveal a positive and statistically significance relationship between the abnormal return and the intensity of news reporting on CEO turnover.Practical Implications: The study it allows to understand whether the disclosure intensity of the CEOs turnover motivations affects the magnitude of the abnormal returns in firms of which the Pension Funds participate in the capital. Social Implications: The findings have one important implications in firms of which the Pension Funds participate in the capital. It makes possible to assess the Brazilian market behavior in the event of CEO's changing, as sophisticated and regulated institutional investors.Originality/Value: This study extended to disclosure intensity and returns literature by offering new evidence on the effect of CEO turnover motivations disclosures intensity on the market abnormal returns for Brazilian firms.Keywords: CEO turnover. Returns. Intensity of disclosure.
Entrepreneurial skills and its relationship with MSMES performance
Authors: Macedo Karieli Belli de Mello , Hahn Ivanete Schneider , Bianchi Julia , Ogoshi Rosana Claudio Silva 
Published: February 2021

Purpose – This research aimed to study the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and MSMEs (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) performance.Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative and descriptive research was conducted, operationalized through a survey with 47 MSMEs entrepreneurs.Findings – (1) Most responding entrepreneurs seek opportunities, take calculated risks, and often demand quality and efficiency in their activities within the company. It can also be noted that they always pointed to being persistent, committed and seeking information. They also demonstrated that they often set goals, plan and monitor, maintain contact with their networks, are independent and self-confident; (2) the majority (60.4%) are in high sales growth, 14.6% found to be very profitable and 68.7% have medium to high profitability, 68.8% of them have good market share - so, companies show a positive perception of performance; (3) it was possible to verify that there is a relationship between entrepreneurial skills and the performance of MSMEs. Research implications – even young adults are a representation of future main leaders there is no significant difference between their entrepreneurial skills with other MSMEs owners. Moreover, in the set power, in our study just Persuasion and Network showed relation with performance, even in previous study independence and self-confidence had a relationship with performance.Originality/value: It was possible to conclude that the systematic planning and monitoring and the persuasion and network of contacts are the decisive entrepreneurial characteristics in the performance of the MSMEs.