bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To the Executive Director of the Academy of Pediatrics:
Authors: EIDELMAN ARTHUR 
Published: December 2021

A recent advertisement in Pediatrics (June 1965), raises a question as to the efficacy of the process for reviewing advertising copy.
The advertisement in point is from Merck Sharpe and Dome Co. which proclaims that the hospitalization of an infant with croup (viral?, H. influenza?, spasmodic?), can be averted by the timely injection of Decadron (dexamethasone). Nowhere in the advertisement are any appropriate references cited to support this still controversial mode of therapy.
in reviewing the literature, this reader is struck by the lack of any well controlled study indicating value to steriod therapy in the management of the hospitalized croup patient, let alone in home treatment.
RESPONSE TO JENNER'S EPOCHAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF 1798
Authors: Washington John A 
Published: December 2021

To Pediatricians long in practice the administration of Salk and Sabin poliomyelitis vaccines and the use of measles vaccine have been exciting and gratifying experiences. That the advent of the new vaccination against smallpox was similarly stirring to alert physicians of 1800 is evidenced by the following excerpts from Samuel Scofield's Treatise on Vaccina or Cowpock published in 1810.1 The prospect of controlling this scourge stimulated a widespread demand somewhat comparable to that for poliomyelitis vaccine. Facilities for communication, supply, and transport were so vastly inferior that the extensiveness of its use in a few years time is surprising.
Eleven years have now elapsed since the world was put into possession of this inestimable blessing by the accurate and indefatigable Jenner. . . . The Cowpock Inoculation has been practiced in every quarter of the Globe. . . .
In the West-Indies I have witnessed the most salutory effects from it in preserving the Blacks from smallpox, which so frequently commits the most terrible ravages in tropical climates.
It has received the patronage of every government under whose cognizance it has come and in many countries, as America, Great Britain, France, Italy. . . . institutions have been established for the gratuitous inoculation of the poor.
In January, 1802, an institution was established in this city (New York) for the purpose of vaccinating the poor gratis. . . . To this establishment the author of the present treatise was appointed Resident Surgeon. . . .
From late accounts we are informed that the Cowpock has been received in the East-Indies with the greatest enthusiasm and many millions have already been vaccinated.
Development and Disorders of Speech in Childhood
Authors: KOLODNY ROSLYN 
Published: December 2021

Development And Disorders Of Speech In Childhood is a fitting memorial and tribute to its first author, who was both a pediatrician and pioneer in the diagnosis and treatment of speech disorders in children. Dr. Isaac Karlin founded and organized the first hospital-affiliated speech clinic in this country and was the first to realize the role pediatricians had to play in speech defects.
This is a well written, easily comprehensible book covering every aspect of speech problems a pediatrician might ever encounter. The book is printed on beautiful paper with good-sized type and clearly demarcated headings, all of which add to the pleasure in reading. It is well organized and has clear lucid drawings.
ATTITUDINAL FACTORS IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: Linde Leonard M. , Rasof Beatrice , Dunn Olive Jean , Rabb Ethel 
Published: December 2021

This study considers the behavioral implications of congenital heart disease for the pediatric patient, his siblings, and his parents. The effects of a disease on the child, on his siblings, and on his parents and the interplay among these individuals are explored. The impact of the physician's diagnosis is illustrated by the induced significant changes in family attitudes, which are not necessarily related to disease severity or child incapacity.
Poorer adjustment and anxiety in the cardiac child related more highly to maternal anxiety and pampering than to his degree of incapacity. Maternal protectiveness and pampering were significantly greater in the cardiac than in the normal group and were highest in the cyanotic group. The best predictor of maternal protectiveness was maternal anxiety, and it was found that the addition of other variables such as incapacity and child dependence failed to improve prediction substantially. Maternal anxiety seemed related to the presence rather than to the severity of the heart condition.
INTESTINAL CYTOCHROME RESPONSE WITH REPAIR OF IRON DEFICIENCY
Authors: Dallman Peter R. , Sunshine Philip , Leonard Yolanda 
Published: December 2021

Jejunal biopsies were obtained from five iron-deficient infants 24 to 32 hours after an intramuscular injection of iron-dextran. Newly produced cells at the base of the villus appeared to have a higher cytochrome-oxidase activity compared to the older cells at the tip which were produced during a period of iron deficiency. These results in man, similar to those previously described in the rat, suggest that the repair of intestinal cytochrome-oxidase activity which accompanies treatment of iron deficiency is limited by the rate of new cell production.
In the iron-deficient rat histochemical evidence of cytochrome-oxidase repair corresponds closely to the extent of migration of new cells up the villus as indicated by autoradiography, between 8 and 48 hours following simultaneous administration of tritiated thymidine and iron-dextran. Colchicine, which arrests cell division at metaphase, interferes with cytochrome-oxidase repair when administered simultaneously with iron-dextran.
Enzymes not known to contain iron or require it as a cofactor were assayed in jejunal scrapings from iron-deficient and control rats. Aspartate transcarbamylase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and maltase activities were normal in the intestinal mucosa of the iron-deficient rat.
No intestinal malfunction was demonstrated in the iron-deficient rat by determination of fecal fat excretion, I131 PVP excretion, and transport of glucose and galactose in everted sacs of the jejunum and the ileum.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: NORTH A. FREDERICK 
Published: December 2021

While I agree wholeheartedly with the general conclusions of The Committee on Fetus and Newborn regarding "Nomenclature for Duration of Gestation, Birth Weight, and Intrauterine Growth" (as reported in this issue) I am disturbed that the report uses the term "intrauterine growth" for a concept which is more accurately described as "stature at the time of birth."
In the most general sense, size at the time of birth does define a rate of growth since the time of implantation.
Parents of Mentally Retarded Children
Authors: HASITAVEJ RASMEE 
Published: December 2021

I have something on my mind that I wish to rid by writing to you. This is neither new nor complicated like most of the articles in your journal; but, it is important, especially to young physicians who first confront the parents of mentally retarded children who are admitted to state institutions.
The physician may be surprised to see these parents behave differently from other people they have known until he stops and thinks for a little while the reason behind this behavior.
PORPHYRINURIA
Authors: WOODY NORMAN C. 
Published: December 2021

An infant born of a mother suffering from acute porphyria excreted excessive amounts of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin in the urine during the first few weeks following birth. In the course of the next several months the infant was entirely free from unusual signs or symptoms, except that her stature at 11 months was small. No similar case has previously been recorded. The term "passive porphyrinuria" is suggested to describe this condition.
While an excess of porphyrins in the fetal environment may have resulted in stunting of growth, other evidences in this patient offer support to the belief that the pathologic lesions of porphyria result from the metabolic error and not from the presence of these pigments per se.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: ZUELZER WOLF W. , NEWTON WILLIAM A. 
Published: December 2021

Pathologic studies and clinical data from 36 fatal cases of fibrocystic disease of the pancreas support the concept that the basic pathologic process consists in an anomaly of secretory function and frequently involves other glandular structures besides the pancreas—notably the respiratory tract, the intestinal tract and the biliary system.
The development of fixed organic lesions in the affected organs was found to be variable and to depend to some extent on the time factor. Extrapancreatic lesions were rare and inconspicuous in infants dying in the newborn period, whereas, in patients who had survived the newborn period, involvement of the respiratory tract was constant and changes in other systems were commonly encountered. Variations in the intensity of the pancreatic changes suggested the possibility of a postnatal onset of the process in some cases.
Inspissation of abnormally viscid meconium in the small intestine was the sole demonstrable cause of complete intestinal obstruction in four of the five patients dying with meconium ileus in the newborn period. It was shown however that inspissation of meconium as part of the disease process can lead to secondary obliteration and organic atresia of the intestine in utero. Evidence was presented to show that the atresia of the cystic duct frequently encountered in older infants is due to a similar process of secondary obliteration.
A detailed study of the pulmonary lesions encountered in 28 patients with respiratory symptoms indicated that the original pathologic process in the lungs is analogous to that in the pancreas and consists in an accumulation of viscid secretion in the air passages. The resulting state of respiratory obstruction is an important component of the disease process which by itself can lead to death. This point was illustrated by a representative case history. The respiratory tract, being, in contrast to the pancreas, accessible to bacterial invaders, usually becomes the seat of secondary infection which is perpetuated in the presence of inadequate drainage from the plugged air passages and leads to progressive inflammatory changes.
No evidence for a primary nutritional factor in the genesis of the pulmonary changes was found. The conclusion was reached that nutritional deficiencies play a secondary though clinically important part in the evolution of the disease process.
PANCREATIC FUNCTION IN SCARLET FEVER
Authors: VÉGHELYI PETER V. 
Published: December 2021

Determinations of enzymes in both the duodenal juice and the blood were undertaken in 32 children suffering from scarlet fever. Abnormal values were found in 26 patients. In 10 of these, the dysfunction showed a regular pattern. In the first days, the output of pancreatic enzymes was found high above the normal while those in the blood decreased. After the first week the activity of enzymes in the duodenal juice decreased and at the same time the blood enzymes attained high levels. Conditions returned to normal in the fourth week. Similar, but less marked and incomplete changes, were found in three other children while in the rest incomplete dysfunctions or only hypofunction occurred. Of the three enzymes, the output of lipase was the one most frequently and most severely affected.
In two patients the symptoms observed pointed to an inflammation of the pancreas.
The dysfunctions were in no connection with either fever or complications. In most cases there was no parallelism in the secretion of the single enzymes.
CHRONIC INTUSSUSCEPTION
Authors: REISMAN HENRY A. , WOLK ARTHUR D. 
Published: December 2021

THE proper and prompt diagnosis of intussusception constitutes one of the important emergencies in pediatric practice. The acute type, however, does not present as great a diagnostic problem as does chronic intussusception. Its diagnosis is usually facilitated by the classical symptomatology of colicky pain, vomiting, abdominal distension with blood and mucus in stools occurring in a male infant. Chronic intussusception, on the other hand, presents no such typical picture. In fact, evidence pointing to it is often vague and the signs of intestinal obstruction are frequently lacking.
It is with this consideration that the following two cases of chronic intussusception of differing location and etiology are presented.
Case Reports
Case 1. W.B., 5 yr. old white male, was admitted to the Pediatric Service of Queens General Hospital on December 3, 1947 because of abdominal pain of 8 wks.' duration. Pain was localized to the para-umbilical region, intermittent and colicky in nature. Attacks were of 5 to 10 secs. duration, recurring frequently throughout the day except in the 2 wks. prior to admission when the incidence decreased to about 1 attack every 3 days. Pain was not related to or influenced by excitement, emotion, food, defecation, micturition or diversion.
The only episode of vomiting occurred 4 days prior to admission. At the onset of the present illness, patient had mild constipation easily relieved by enemata. This was followed by mild diarrhea. In the wk. prior to hospitalization, the mother noted dark red blood in the stools. Patient had anorexia, wt. loss of 3.2 kg. and complained of fatigue and lethargy.
SYSTEMIC INFECTION WITH SALMONELLA ANATUM
Authors: SUNG CHIEH , FOURNIER J. , CHANG SIANG-YUEN 
Published: December 2021

A case of Salmonella anatum septicemia in an infant is presented. It is believed that this is the first recorded instance of this systemic infection in man.
The clinical features, laboratory studies on the isolated organism, and the available epidemiologic data on the organism, Salmonella anatum, are discussed briefly.
MANAGEMENT OF INTRATHORACIC NERVE TUMORS IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: JONES JOHN C. , EFFLER DONALD B. 
Published: December 2021

A brief review of the literature referring to intrathoracic nerve tumors in children is presented. The neurogenic tumors have an expected incidence of malignancy of about 40%.
Four case histories are reported in which neurogenic tumors of the posterior mediastinum were removed with apparent cure. Only one of these children had objective or subjective signs which could be attributed to their neoplasms. All of the neoplasms were benign.
Prompt thoracotomy is advocated in the child with a suspected neurogenic tumor of the mediastinum. Periods of observation, procrastination and roentgen therapy are to be condemned for it is impossible to predict with any degree of certainty which tumor will or already has undergone malignant changes. A brief discussion of the operative management and complications is presented.
TRENDS
Authors: FAUST OTTO A. 
Published: December 2021

A MONTH ago we stated in this column that, in accordance with recently expressed policy of the Executive Board of the Academy, attention would be given henceforth to significant activities which are being directed toward the improvement of child health and which may, at least in part, have resulted from the Academy's Study of Child Health Services. We then reviewed the "Premature Infant Care Program" which has been instituted in North Carolina to meet deficiencies which had been revealed in the Study's "Pilot State."
While progress is being made along the front line of state programs, it is also gratifying to note progress in pediatric education.
Subsequent to publication of "Child Health Services and Pediatric Education," specific and detailed information for his own department was sent confidentially to each of the heads of pediatric departments of the medical schools. Thus, each department head could evaluate his own school in comparison with others. In reply we have received some rather dramatic evidence of the effective use which has been made of a knowledge of the facts. The following letter is only one of many of those received recently from deans and professors of pediatrics:
ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA IN THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: BLUESTONE SEYMOUR S. , MASLOW HERMAN L. 
Published: December 2021

A case of essential thrombocytopenic purpura in a newborn infant is reported. It is one of the few cases where the mother of the patient did not herself have this disease. It is believed to be the first case in a newborn infant which was treated by splenectomy. Observations are made to aid in the selection of such cases for surgery and which, incidentally, lend support to the humoral theory of the pathogenesis of the disease.
A newborn infant with essential thrombocytopenic purpura may be expected to benefit from splenectomy, providing the usual indications exist, only if the mother is herself free of the disease.
PENICILLIN RESISTANCE OF NONHEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI FROM RHEUMATIC CHILDREN RECEIVING PROPHYLACTIC PENICILLIN
Authors: KRUMWIEDE ELMA 
Published: December 2021

The nonhemolytic streptococci in the throats of children receiving prophylactic oral penicillin tend to be more resistant than those isolated from children who are not receiving penicillin.
Children who are not receiving penicillin carry some strains which are as resistant as those carried by the children on penicillin prophylaxis.
The higher resistance of the nonhemolytic streptococci isolated from children on penicillin prophylaxis appears, in most instances, to be due to the selection of resistant and the elimination of more sensitive strains.
Although the penicillin-resistance of nonhemolytic streptococci isolated from the throats of children receiving prophylactic penicillin is increased, the resistance is not as great as that reported for some strains of nonhemolytic streptococci isolated from patients whose subacute bacterial endocarditis was successfully treated.
Round Table Discussion
Authors: YANNET HERMAN , DEAMER WILLIAM C. , BARBA PHILIP S. 
Published: December 2021

Convulsions in children may be divided into 2 large groups: (1) the acute symptomatic, nonrecurring, and (2) the chronic recurrent type. The term "epilepsy" is reserved for the latter group. Some of the factors responsible for the so-called acute convulsions are also responsible for certain of the chronic recurring convulsive disorders, but only by virtue of the structural changes in the brain that may result from the action of these etiologic factors. Table I attempts to summarize these etiologic agents. In the left hand column are listed the more important factors that may stimulate convulsions in children. Those marked by an arrow identify the factors that may, in addition, produce cerebral structural changes which then may serve as the causes for the recurring convulsions, or epileptic state. Some of these etiologies need only be mentioned in passing; others require more comment.
Birth Trauma: It is not uncommon to observe newborn infants, usually following prolonged or difficult deliveries, who develop convulsions during the 1st few days of life, which usually are generalized, but may also be focal in nature. Sometimes, the delivery in these cases may have been considered by the attending obstetrician as entirely within normal limits. Whether treated with sedatives or untreated, these spells usually cease after some days never to recur. In the absence of other causes, it must be assumed that these convulsions are the result of a "cerebral insult" the nature of which is often not entirely clear and which leads to no significant cerebral pathology.
FAMILIAL AGOITROUS CRETINISM ACCOMPANIED BY MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Cross Harold E. , Hollander Charles S. , Rimoin David L. , McKusick Victor A. 
Published: December 2021

Radioiodine (I131) studies failed to detect functioning thyroid tissue in two sibs with cretinism. These patients would have been considered athyreotic by the usual criteria but technetium-99M scanning revealed thyroid tissue in one patient. Because the safe dose of technetium is nearly 40 times that of I131, this isotope is more likely to detect a small or hypoactive thyroid gland. The studies reported here suggest that the diagnosis of athyreotic cretinism should not be based on I131 studies alone.
The defect in thyroid metabolism is unknown. On the basis of a normal salivary to plasma I131 ratio and the lack of significant thyroidal uptake, it is unlikely that these patients had one of the previously described thyroid metabolic defects. Evidence suggests autosomal recessive inheritance in this family. The clinical signs of cretinism included muscular hypertrophy, a complex known as the Debré-Sémélaigne syndrome. Marked clinical improvement followed institution of levothyroxine therapy.
This syndrome has not been reported previously in sibs.
PEDIATRIC CONSULTATION IN ADOPTION PRACTICE
Authors: Smith Donald C. 
Published: December 2021

Certain recent trends and developments in the field of adoption have emphasized the role of the pediatric consultant in adoption practices. These changes include a steady increase in the number of adoption placements each year, a significant decrease in the ratio of adoptive parents to adoptable children, a broadening of the concept of adoptability, and an acceptance by both the agency and adoptive parents of the child with special problems and needs.
By providing consultant services to an adoption agency, a pediatrician assumes important and satisfying responsibilities that not only test his diagnostic skills and knowledge of the natural history of childhood disease, but also demand an understanding of current trends and developments in adoption practice, the role of community agencies in adoption, and insight into the consultation process itself. The role of consultant gives the pediatrician an exceptional opportunity to contribute to the effectiveness of the adoption agency and thus to the welfare of children in his community.
Children's Scribbles
Authors: Work Henry H. 
Published: December 2021

The September issue was full of things of interest to me. One article, however, caused me some concern. I found it difficult reading the article on children's scribbling1 and finally got some advice from the psychologists in our department. They, too, had difficulty because it sounded as though someone was beating a drum rather than merely setting forth data.
In considering this paper, one is struck by a lack of reference to certain basic material. Many years ago Loretta Bender, through her pioneering use of children's scribbling, evolved much of her well-known basic projective testing.
EVALUATION OF JET-TYPE AND ULTRASONIC NEBULIZERS IN MIST TENT THERAPY FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Doershuk Carl F. , Matthews LeRoy W. , Gillespie C. T. , Lough M. D. , Spector S. 
Published: December 2021

Measurements of the water content of the air in a "mist tent" revealed only .026 to .029 gm of water per liter of air in jet-type tents and .044 to .075 gm of water per liter of air in ultrasonic tents.
Forty-one cystic fibrosis patients who showed persistent pulmonary function test evidence of hyperinflation and airway obstruction despite intensive, comprehensive home therapy, including the use of a jet-type mist tent, were studied after two pre-substitution control periods, after 1 month in an ultrasonic mist tent, and then 1 month and 4 months after return to the jet-type tent. During the 1 month in the ultrasonic mist tent significant changes in the direction of improvement were observed in all parameters of pulmonary function studied. Reversal of these changes was observed 1 month after return to the jet-type tent. These results provide objective evidence of the value of "mist tent" therapy in the treatment of the obstructive pulmonary lesion of cystic fibrosis and of the effectiveness of the ultrasonic nebulizer, at least for the short-term treatment of patients with advanced pulmonary disease.