bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the extended consciousness debate: perception, imagination, and the common kind assumption
Authors: Deery James 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor some, the states and processes involved in the realisation of phenomenal consciousness are not confined to within the organismic boundaries of the experiencing subject. Instead, the sub-personal basis of perceptual experience can, and does, extend beyond the brain and body to implicate environmental elements through one’s interaction with the world. These claims are met by proponents of predictive processing, who propose that perception and imagination should be understood as a product of the same internal mechanisms. On this view, as visually imagining is not considered to be world-involving, it is assumed that world-involvement must not be essential for perception, and thus internalism about the sub-personal basis is true. However, the argument for internalism from the unity of perception and imagination relies for its strength on a questionable conception of the relationship between the two experiential states. I argue that proponents of the predictive approach are guilty of harbouring an implicit commitment to the common kind assumption which does not follow trivially from their framework. That is, the assumption that perception and imagination are of the same fundamental kind of mental event. I will argue that there are plausible alternative ways of conceiving of this relationship without drawing internalist metaphysical conclusions from their psychological theory. Thus, the internalist owes the debate clarification of this relationship and further argumentation to secure their position.
Ambient and household air pollution on early-life determinants of stunting—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pun Vivian C. , Dowling Russell , Mehta Sumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStunting is an important risk factor for early growth and health implications throughout the life course, yet until recently, studies have rarely focused on populations exposed to high levels of particulate matter pollution or on developing countries most vulnerable to stunting and its associated health and developmental impacts. We systematically searched for epidemiologic studies published up to 15 August 2020 that examined the association between ambient and household particulate exposure and postnatal stunting (height-for-age z-score) and prenatal determinants (small for gestational age or SGA, or equivalent) of stunting. We conducted the literature search in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases in August 2020, using keywords including, but not limited to, “particulate matter,” “indoor/household air pollution,” and “adverse birth outcomes,” to identify relevant articles. Forty-five studies conducted in 29 countries met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. We found significant positive associations between SGA and a 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure over the entire pregnancy [OR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.13], with similar SGA impact during the second and third trimesters, and from high exposure quartile of PM2.5 exposure during the entire pregnancy. A 19% increased risk of postnatal stunting (95% CI: 1.10, 1.29) was also associated with postnatal exposure to household air pollution. Our analysis shows consistent, significant, and noteworthy evidence of elevated risk of stunting-related health outcomes with ambient PM2.5 and household air pollution exposure. This evidence reinforces the importance of promoting clean air as part of an integrated approach to preventing stunting.
Music to Some Consequence: Reaction, Reform, Race
Authors: Cox Jensen Oskar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA naval chaplain in the 1790s, a radical arrested after Peterloo, and a smash hit of blackface minstrelsy: these three disparate historical actors all provide exemplary cases of music in action, playing upon the political passions of the British people. Thinking across the three examples, this article reflects upon the aims of the forum Music and Politics in Britain, c.1780–1850, as well as advancing its own autonomous argument. Alexander Duncan was drummed out of the navy for publishing a pamphlet advocating the use of martial music in action; inspired by the French, Duncan was effectively arguing for a democratization of Britain's servicemen by playing upon their passions. The potential for subversion inherent in this approach was borne out by the career of Samuel Bamford, a Lancashire weaver; music was central to Bamford's activism, and I chart the functional ends to which he deployed music around 1819. In a third instance, with the 1840s hit “Buffalo Gals,” music led to public disorder. The song, due in large part to its musical qualities, enabled forms of licentious behavior among white males that mobilized latent forms of gendered as well as racial prejudice, so that its performance came to excuse forms of sexual harassment.
Music and Movement in Britain, 1793–1815
Authors: Philp Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe frequent references to the actors and events of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars in the titles of the dance tunes of the period raise the question of how we should understand their significance. This article argues that the practice is one of a number of examples of music and song shaping people's lived experience and behavior in ways that were rarely fully conscious. Drawing on a range of music collections, diaries, and journals, the article argues that we need to recognize how significant aural dimensions were in shaping people's predisposition to favor the status quo in this period of heightened political controversy.
“Loud and Open Speaking in ‘the People's’ Mighty Name”: Eliza Cook, Music and Politics
Authors: Rutherford Susan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn 1849, the working-class poet Eliza Cook (1818–89) expanded her international profile by venturing into weekly periodical publication with Eliza Cook's Journal. Not only was this the first British journal named after a female editor but it also placed an unusual emphasis on music—unusual not least because few women in that epoch were given the opportunity to participate in the broader critical discourses on music. Cook's poetry was already widely disseminated through various musical settings by composers from William Balfe to Henry Russell; in her new journal, music further emerged as central to her philosophy of liberation for all. Placing street musicians alongside opera and salon concerts in an exhibition of remarkably eclectic taste, Cook saw the propensity for music making in all layers of society. She regarded musical culture as a soundscape of experience, emotion, and agency to which she, and all those from the laboring classes, not only had a right to access, engage in, and share but was part of their own innate being. Music symbolized imagination, freedom from the mundane, and limitless human potential. Efforts to secure music for “the people” were thus indissolubly linked to broader political rights for suffrage and equality.
The Role of Sand in Wave Boundary Layers Over Primarily Muddy Seabeds: Implications for Wave‐Supported Gravity Flows
Authors: Han Zhuochen , Horner‐Devine Alexander R. , Ogston Andrea S. , Hsu Tian‐Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe performed laboratory experiments to investigate the influence of sand content on the dynamics of wave‐supported gravity flows in mud‐dominant environments. The experiments were carried out in an oscillatory water tunnel with a sediment bed of either 1% or 13% sand. Low and high energy regimes are differentiated based on a Stokes Reynolds number ReΔ ≈ 500. In the low energy regime, the sand fraction influences flow dynamics primarily through ripple formation; no ripples form in the 1% sand experiments, whereas ripples form in the 13% experiments that increase turbulence and the wave boundary layer thickness, δm. In the high energy regime, small ripples form in both the 1% and 13% sand experiments and we observe high near‐bed suspended sediment concentrations. The influence of stratification on the boundary layer flow is characterized in terms of the gradient Richardson number Rig. The flow is weakly stratified inside the boundary layer for all runs and critically stratified at or above the top of the boundary layer. In the lower energy regime, the sand content reduces the relative influence of stratification in the boundary layer, shifting the elevation of critical stratification, LB, from approximately 1.3δm to 2.5δm in the 1% and 13% experiments, respectively. In both sets of experiments LB ≈ δm at the strongest wave energy, indicating a transition to strongly stratified dynamics.
A Repeating Earthquake Catalog From 2003 to 2020 for the Raukumara Peninsula, Northern Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Hughes Laura , Chamberlain Calum J. , Townend John , Thomas Amanda M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRepeating earthquakes provide a novel way of monitoring how stresses load faults between large earthquakes. To date, however, and despite the availability of long‐duration, high‐quality seismological datasets, little attention has been paid to tectonic repeating earthquakes in New Zealand. We develop a workflow and composite criterion for identifying repeating earthquakes in New Zealand, using data from the GeoNet permanent seismic network, and present New Zealand’s first decadal‐scale repeating earthquake catalog. For events to be identified as repeating in this study, two or more events must have a normalized cross‐correlation of at least 0.95 at two or more seismic stations, when calculated for 75% of the earthquake coda. By applying our composite criterion to seismicity around the Raukumara Peninsula, northern Hikurangi subduction margin, we have identified 61 repeating earthquake families occurring between 2003 and 2020, consisting of 347 individual earthquakes. These families have a magnitude range of ML 1.7–5.2 and recurrence intervals of < 1 to ∼7 yrs. Repeating earthquakes in 9 of the 11 regional groups identified in this study coincide spatiotemporally with previously identified slow‐slip events and tremor. However, the responses shown to slow‐slip are not consistent within families or within regional groups.
The circulating soluble form of the CD40 costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor and liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer
Authors: Meltzer Sebastian , Torgunrud Annette , Abrahamsson Hanna , Solbakken Arne Mide , Flatmark Kjersti , Dueland Svein , Bakke Kine Mari , Bousquet Paula Anna , Negård Anne , Johansen Christin , Lyckander Lars Gustav , Larsen Finn Ole , Schou Jakob Vasehus , Redalen Kathrine Røe , Ree Anne Hansen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn colorectal cancer, the inflamed tumour microenvironment with its angiogenic activities is immune- tolerant and incites progression to liver metastasis. We hypothesised that angiogenic and inflammatory factors in serum samples from patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer could inform on liver metastasis risk.MethodsWe measured 84 angiogenic and inflammatory markers in serum sampled at the time of diagnosis within the population-based cohort of 122 stage I–III patients. In a stepwise manner, the statistically strongest proteins associated with time to development of liver metastasis were analysed in the corresponding serum samples from 273 stage II–III rectal cancer patients in three independent cohorts.ResultsWe identified the soluble form of the costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor cluster of differentiation molecule 40 (sCD40) as a marker of liver metastasis risk across all patient cohorts—the higher the sCD40 level, the shorter time to liver metastasis. In patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment, the sCD40 value remained an independent variable associated with progression to liver metastasis along with the local treatment response. Of note, serum sCD40 was not associated with progression to lung metastasis.ConclusionsCirculating sCD40 is a marker of liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer and may be developed for use in clinical practice.
Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole
Authors: Girish Sonal , Kumar Suresh , Aminudin Norhaniza , Hashim Najihah Mohd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBlastocystis sp. infection, although many remain asymptomatic, there is growing data in recent studies that suggests it is a frequent cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adults. This proposes that treatment against this infection is necessary however metronidazole (MTZ), which is the current choice of treatment, has expressed non-uniformity in its efficacy in combating this infection which has led to the study of alternative treatment. In our previous study, it was established that Tongkat Ali fractions exhibited promising anti-protozoal properties which leads to the current aim of the study, to further narrow down the purification process in order to identify the specific active compound promoting the anti-protozoal effect through HPLC analysis. Based on the data analysis and in-vitro susceptibility assay, the collected Tongkat Ali fraction that demonstrated anti-blastocystis property was shown to contain eurycomanone. Previous studies have suggested that there is a mechanism in Blastocystis sp. that regulates the apoptotic process to produce higher number of viable cells when treated. In reference to this, our current study also aims to investigate the apoptotic response of Tongkat Ali extract and eurycomanone across different subtype groups with comparison to MTZ. Based on our investigation, both Tongkat Ali extract and eurycomanone induced the high apoptotic rate however exhibited a reduction in viable cell count (p < 0.05) when compared to MTZ. This study suggests that there is potential in developing a standardized treatment regardless of subtype variations which makes Tongkat Ali extract a promising anti-protozoal treatment against all Blastocystis sp. subtype groups.
The role of APOE in cognitive trajectories and motor decline in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jo Sungyang , Kim Seon-Ok , Park Kye Won , Lee Seung Hyun , Hwang Yun Su , Chung Sun Ju 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the role of the APOE genotype in cognitive and motor trajectories in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Using PD registry data, we retrospectively investigated a total of 253 patients with PD who underwent the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) two or more times at least 5 years apart, were aged over 40 years, and free of dementia at the time of enrollment. We performed group-based trajectory modeling to identify patterns of cognitive change using the MMSE. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to investigate the role of the APOE genotype in cognitive and motor progression. Trajectory analysis divided patients into four groups: early fast decline, fast decline, gradual decline, and stable groups with annual MMSE scores decline of − 2.8, − 1.8, − 0.6, and − 0.1 points per year, respectively. The frequency of APOE ε4 was higher in patients in the early fast decline and fast decline groups (50.0%) than those in the stable group (20.1%) (p = 0.007). APOE ε4, in addition to older age at onset, depressive mood, and higher H&Y stage, was associated with the cognitive decline rate, but no APOE genotype was associated with motor progression. APOE genotype could be used to predict the cognitive trajectory in PD.
Investigating the effects of IDO1, PTGS2, and TGF-β1 overexpression on immunomodulatory properties of hTERT-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles
Authors: Haghighitalab Azadeh , Matin Maryam M. , Amin Ahmad , Minaee Shima , Bidkhori Hamid Reza , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Bahrami Ahmad Reza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is out of the question. Yet, recent drawbacks have resulted in a strategic shift towards the application of MSC-derived cell-free products such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recent reports revealed that functional properties of MSCs, including EV secretion patterns, correlate with microenvironmental cues. These findings highlight the urgent need for defining the optimal circumstances for EV preparation. Considering the limitations of primary cells, we employed immortalized cells as an alternative source to prepare therapeutically sufficient EV numbers. Herein, the effects of different conditional environments are explored on human TERT-immortalized MSCs (hTERT-MSCs). The latter were transduced to overexpressIDO1,PTGS2,andTGF-β1transgenes either alone or in combination, and their immunomodulatory properties were analyzed thereafter. Likewise, EVs derived from these various MSCs were extensively characterized. hTERT-MSCs-IDO1 exerted superior inhibitory effects on lymphocytes, significantly more than hTERT-MSCs-IFN-γ. As such,IDO1overexpression promoted the immunomodulatory properties of such enriched EVs. Considering the limitations of cell therapy like tumor formation and possible immune responses in the host, the results presented herein might be considered as a feasible model for the induction of immunomodulation in off-the-shelf and cell-free therapeutics, especially for autoimmune diseases.
Improving the astrometric solution of the Hyper Suprime-Cam with anisotropic Gaussian processes
Authors: Léget P.-F. , Astier P. , Regnault N. , Jarvis M. , Antilogus P. , Roodman A. , Rubin D. , Saunders C. 
Published: April 2021

Context.We study astrometric residuals from a simultaneous fit of Hyper Suprime-Cam images.Aims.We aim to characterize these residuals and study the extent to which they are dominated by atmospheric contributions for bright sources.Methods.We used Gaussian process interpolation with a correlation function (kernel) measured from the data to smooth and correct the observed astrometric residual field.Results.We find that a Gaussian process interpolation with a von Kármán kernel allows us to reduce the covariances of astrometric residuals for nearby sources by about one order of magnitude, from 30 mas2to 3 mas2at angular scales of ∼1 arcmin. This also allows us to halve the rms residuals. Those reductions using Gaussian process interpolation are similar to recent result published with the Dark Energy Survey dataset. We are then able to detect the small static astrometric residuals due to the Hyper Suprime-Cam sensors effects. We discuss how the Gaussian process interpolation of astrometric residuals impacts galaxy shape measurements, particularly in the context of cosmic shear analyses at theRubinObservatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG
Authors: González-Álvarez E. , Petralia A. , Micela G. , Maldonado J. , Affer L. , Maggio A. , Covino E. , Damasso M. , Lanza A. F. , Perger M. , Pinamonti M. , Poretti E. , Scandariato G. , Sozzetti A. , Bignamini A. , Giacobbe P. , Leto G. , Pagano I. , Zanmar Sánchez R. , González Hernández J. I. , Rebolo R. , Ribas I. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Toledo-Padrón B. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The high number of super-Earth and Earth-like planets in the habitable zone detected around M-dwarf stars in recent years has revealed these stellar objects to be the key to planetary radial velocity (RV) searches.
Aims. Using the HARPS-N spectrograph within The HArps-n red Dwarf Exoplanet Survey (HADES) we have reached the precision needed to detect small planets with a few Earth masses using the spectroscopic radial velocity technique. HADES is mainly focused on the M-dwarf population of the northern hemisphere.
Methods. We obtained 138 HARPS-N RV measurements between 2013 May and 2020 September of GJ 720 A, classified as an M0.5 V star located at a distance of 15.56 pc. To characterize the stellar variability and to distinguish the periodic variation due to the Keplerian signals from those related to stellar activity, the HARPS-N spectroscopic activity indicators and the simultaneous photometric observations with the APACHE and EXORAP transit surveys were analyzed. We also took advantage of TESS, MEarth, and SuperWASP photometric surveys. The combined analysis of HARPS-N RVs and activity indicators let us address the nature of the periodic signals. The final model and the orbital planetary parameters were obtained by simultaneously fitting the stellar variability and the Keplerian signal using a Gaussian process regression and following a Bayesian criterion.
Results. The HARPS-N RV periodic signals around 40 days and 100 days have counterparts at the same frequencies in HARPS-N activity indicators and photometric light curves. We thus attribute these periodicities to stellar activity; the first period is likely associated with the stellar rotation. GJ 720 A shows the most significant signal at 19.466 ± 0.005 days with no counterparts in any stellar activity indices. We hence ascribe this RV signal, having a semi-amplitude of 4.72 ± 0.27 m s−1, to the presence of a sub-Neptune mass planet. The planet GJ 720 Ab has a minimum mass of 13.64 ± 0.79 M⊕, it is in circular orbit at 0.119 ± 0.002 AU from its parent star, and lies inside the inner boundary of the habitable zone around its parent star.
Notrufe und gemeldete Hauptbeschwerden während der COVID-19-Pandemie in der Leitstelle der Berliner Feuerwehr
Authors: Breuer Florian , Brettschneider Paul , Pommerenke Christopher , Poloczek Stefan , Dahmen Janosch 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Notrufabfrage in Berlin erfolgt unter Anwendung des Priority Dispatch Systems. Ein spezielles Notrufabfrageprotokoll wird in der Leitstelle der Berliner Feuerwehr seit dem 28.02.2020 genutzt.
Methodik Es werden das Notrufaufkommen und Notrufverhalten zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie sowie die Entwicklung und die Auslastung von Notverlegungen anhand von Daten aus dem Einsatzleitsystem dargestellt.
Ergebnisse Im betrachteten Zeitraum vom 21.02.2020 bis zum 30.04.2020 waren Anruf- und Einsatzzahlen kontinuierlich auf einem hohen Niveau. Ab dem 18.03.2020 (Lockdown) sind diese gesunken. Unter den in der standardisierten Notrufabfrage angewendeten Hauptbeschwerdeprotokollen wurde vermehrt das Protokoll „Pandemie/Epidemie/Ausbruch“ angewendet.
Schlussfolgerung Die andauernde Pandemie stellt sowohl die Rettungsleitstellen als auch die operativen Einsatzkräfte vor besondere Herausforderungen. Rettungsleitstellen haben als primäre ständig erreichbare Stelle eine zentrale Bedeutung, eine standardisierte Notrufabfrage bietet erweiterte Möglichkeiten, auf eine Pandemielage zu reagieren.