bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of direct oral anticoagulants does not significantly increase delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric neoplasms
Authors: Choi Jinju , Cho Soo-Jeong , Na Sang-Hoon , Lee Ayoung , Kim Jue Lie , Chung Hyunsoo , Kim Sang Gyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely prescribed for the prevention of stroke in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and approved indication for DOAC has been expanded. We aimed to evaluate the risk of delayed bleeding in patients who had taken DOAC and underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric neoplasms. We included consecutive patients who underwent ESD between January 2016 and July 2019 in Seoul National University Hospital. Patients were divided into four groups (no med; no medication, DOAC, WFR; warfarin, anti-PLT; anti-platelet agent) according to the medications they had been taken before the procedure. We defined delayed bleeding as obvious post-procedural gastrointestinal bleeding sign including hematemesis or melena combined with hemoglobin drop ≥ 2 g/dL. Among 1634 patients enrolled in this study, 23 (1.4%) patients had taken DOAC and they usually stopped the medication for 2 days before the ESD and resumed within 1 or 2 days. We compared rates of delayed bleeding between groups. Delayed bleeding rates of the groups of no med, DOAC, WFR, and anti-PLT were 2.1% (32/1499) 8.7% (2/23), 14.3% (2/14), 11.2% (11/98), respectively (P < 0.001). However, there was no difference of delayed bleeding rate between no med and DOAC group after propensity score matching (no med vs DOAC, 1.7% vs 10.0%, P = 0.160). Taking DOAC was not associated statistically with post-ESD bleeding when adjusted by age, sex, comorbidities and characteristics of target lesion (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 2.4, 95% Confidence intervals: 0.41–13.73, P = 0.335). Crude rate of bleeding in DOAC users seemed to be higher than no medication group after performing ESD with 2 days of medication cessation. When adjusted by age, sex, and comorbidity, however, this difference seems to be small, which suggests that gastric post-ESD bleeding may be influenced by patients’ underlying condition in addition to medication use.
Combined VEGFR and MAPK pathway inhibition in angiosarcoma
Authors: Wagner Michael J. , Lyons Yasmin A. , Siedel Jean H. , Dood Robert , Nagaraja Archana S. , Haemmerle Monika , Mangala Lingegowda S. , Chanana Pritha , Lazar Alexander J. , Wang Wei-Lien , Ravi Vinod , Holland Eric C. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAngiosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy of endothelial cells that carries a high mortality rate. Cytotoxic chemotherapy can elicit clinical responses, but the duration of response is limited. Sequencing reveals multiple mutations in angiogenesis pathways in angiosarcomas, particularly in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. We aimed to determine the biological relevance of these pathways in angiosarcoma. Tissue microarray consisting of clinical formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue archival samples were stained for phospho- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) with immunohistochemistry. Angiosarcoma cell lines were treated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib, pan-VEGFR inhibitor cediranib, or combined trametinib and cediranib and viability was assessed. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) was performed to assess multiple oncogenic protein pathways. SVR angiosarcoma cells were grown in vivo and gene expression effects of treatment were assessed with whole exome RNA sequencing. MAPK signaling was found active in over half of clinical angiosarcoma samples. Inhibition of MAPK signaling with the MEK inhibitor trametinib decreased the viability of angiosarcoma cells. Combined inhibition of the VEGF and MAPK pathways with cediranib and trametinib had an additive effect in in vitro models, and a combinatorial effect in an in vivo model. Combined treatment led to smaller tumors than treatment with either agent alone. RNA-seq demonstrated distinct expression signatures between the trametinib treated tumors and those treated with both trametinib and cediranib. These results indicate a clinical study of combined VEGFR and MEK inhibition in angiosarcoma is warranted.
Increased inequalities of per capita CO2 emissions in China
Authors: Yang Jun , Hao Yun , Feng Chao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDesigning inter-regional and inter-provincial responsibility-sharing mechanisms for climate change mitigation requires the knowledge of carbon distributions. This study is the first to use a two-sector (i.e., productive and household sectors) inequality decomposition approach to examine the regional, provincial, and national inequalities of per capita CO2 emissions (CPC) in China, as well as their determinants. We show that the CPC inequality index in China increased from 1.1364 in 2000 to 2.3688 in 2017, with the productive sector accounting for 91.42% of this expansion and households responsible for the rest. The production-side per capita output level, energy efficiency, energy structure, and industrial structure explain 69.01%, 12.81%, 5.57%, and 4.03% of these inequalities, respectively. Further, the household per capita energy consumption and energy structure explain only 8.12% and 0.46%, respectively. Therefore, future responsibility-sharing mechanisms for climate mitigation need to be formulated taking mainly the productive sector into account.
Shorter heels are linked with greater elastic energy storage in the Achilles tendon
Authors: Foster A. D. , Block B. , Capobianco F. , Peabody J. T. , Puleo N. A. , Vegas A. , Young J. W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious research suggests that the moment arm of the m. triceps surae tendon (i.e., Achilles tendon), is positively correlated with the energetic cost of running. This relationship is derived from a model which predicts that shorter ankle moment arms place larger loads on the Achilles tendon, which should result in a greater amount of elastic energy storage and return. However, previous research has not empirically tested this assumed relationship. We test this hypothesis using an inverse dynamics approach in human subjects (n = 24) at speeds ranging from walking to sprinting. The spring function of the Achilles tendon was evaluated using specific net work, a metric of mechanical energy production versus absorption at a limb joint. We also combined kinematic and morphological data to directly estimate tendon stress and elastic energy storage. We find that moment arm length significantly determines the spring-like behavior of the Achilles tendon, as well as estimates of mass-specific tendon stress and elastic energy storage at running and sprinting speeds. Our results provide support for the relationship between short Achilles tendon moment arms and increased elastic energy storage, providing an empirical mechanical rationale for previous studies demonstrating a relationship between calcaneal length and running economy. We also demonstrate that speed and kinematics moderate tendon performance, suggesting a complex relationship between lower limb geometry and foot strike pattern.
The effect of air temperature on hospital admission of adults with community acquired pneumonia in Baotou, China
Authors: Guo Wenfang , Yi Letai , Wang Peng , Wang Baojun , Li Minhui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe relationship between air temperature and the hospital admission of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was analyzed. The hospitalization data pertaining to adult CAP patients (age ≥ 18 years) in two tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China from 2014 to 2018 and meteorological data there in the corresponding period were collected. The exposure–response relationship between the daily average temperature and the hospital admission of adult CAP patients was quantified by using a distributed lag non-linear model. A total of 4466 cases of adult patients with CAP were admitted. After eliminating some confounding factors such as relative humidity, wind speed, air pressure, long-term trend, and seasonal trend, a lower temperature was found to be associated with a higher risk of adult CAP. Compared to 21 °C, lower temperature range of 4 to –12 °C was associated with a greater number of CAP hospitalizations among those aged ≥ 65 years, and the highest relative risk (RR) was 2.80 (95% CI 1.15–6.80) at a temperature of − 10 °C. For those < 65 years, lower temperature was not related to CAP hospitalizations. Cumulative lag RRs of low temperature with CAP hospitalizations indicate that the risk associated with colder temperatures appeared at a lag of 0–7 days. For those ≥ 65 years, the cumulative RR of CAP hospitalizations over lagging days 0–5 was 1.89 (95% CI 1.01–3. 56). In brief, the lower temperature had age-specific effects on CAP hospitalizations in Baotou, China, especially among those aged ≥ 65 years.
Histamine receptor 2 blockade selectively impacts B and T cells in healthy subjects
Authors: Meghnem Dihia , Oldford Sharon A. , Haidl Ian D. , Barrett Lisa , Marshall Jean S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHistamine receptor 2 (H2R) blockade is commonly used in patients with gastric, duodenal ulcers or gastroesophageal reflux disease. Beyond the gastrointestinal tract, H2R is expressed by multiple immune cells, yet little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of such treatment. Clinical reports have associated H2R blockade with leukopenia, neutropenia, and myelosuppression, and has been shown to provide clinical benefit in certain cancer settings. To systematically assess effects of H2R blockade on key immune parameters, a single-center, single-arm clinical study was conducted in 29 healthy subjects. Subjects received daily high dose ranitidine for 6 weeks. Peripheral blood immunophenotyping and mediator analysis were performed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks into treatment, and 12 weeks after treatment cessation. Ranitidine was well-tolerated, and no drug related adverse events were observed. Ranitidine had no effect on number of neutrophils, basophils or eosinophils. However, ranitidine decreased numbers of B cells and IL-2Rα (CD25) expressing T cells that remained lower even after treatment cessation. Reduced serum levels of IL-2 were also observed and remained low after treatment. These observations highlight a previously unrecognised immunomodulatory sustained impact of H2R blockade. Therefore, the immune impacts of H2R blockade may require greater consideration in the context of vaccination and immunotherapy.
Standard blood laboratory values as a clinical support tool to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients
Authors: Thell Rainer , Zimmermann Jascha , Szell Marton , Tomez Sabine , Eisenburger Philip , Haugk Moritz , Kreil Anna , Spiel Alexander , Blaschke Amelie , Klicpera Anna , Janata Oskar , Krugluger Walter , Sebesta Christian , Herkner Harald , Laky Brenda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStandard blood laboratory parameters may have diagnostic potential, if polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) tests are not available on time. We evaluated standard blood laboratory parameters of 655 COVID-19 patients suspected to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, who underwent PCR testing in one of five hospitals in Vienna, Austria. We compared laboratory parameters, clinical characteristics, and outcomes between positive and negative PCR-tested patients and evaluated the ability of those parameters to distinguish between groups. Of the 590 patients (20–100 years, 276 females and 314 males), 208 were PCR-positive. Positive compared to negative PCR-tested patients had significantly lower levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocytes, and thrombocytes; while significantly higher levels were detected with erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, C-reactive-protein, ferritin, activated-partial-thromboplastin-time, alanine-aminotransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase, lipase, creatine-kinase, and lactate-dehydrogenase. From all blood parameters, eosinophils, ferritin, leukocytes, and erythrocytes showed the highest ability to distinguish between COVID-19 positive and negative patients (area-under-curve, AUC: 72.3–79.4%). The AUC of our model was 0.915 (95% confidence intervals, 0.876–0.955). Leukopenia, eosinopenia, elevated erythrocytes, and hemoglobin were among the strongest markers regarding accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and post-test probabilities. Our findings suggest that especially leukopenia, eosinopenia, and elevated hemoglobin are helpful to distinguish between COVID-19 positive and negative tested patients.
Mechanism confirmation of organofunctional silanes modified sodium silicate/polyurethane composites for remarkably enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Liang Yuntao , Gao Ao , Sun Yong , Tian Fuchao , Sun Weili , Lu Wei , He Zhenglong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHybrid reinforced sodium silicate/polyurethane (SS/PU) composites mainly derived from low-cost SS and polyisocyanate are produced by a one-step method based on the addition of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CTS). The wettability of SS on PU substrate surface is much improved as CTS content increases from 0.0 to 3.5 wt%. Furthermore, with 2.5 wt% of CTS optimal addition, the fracture surface morphology and elemental composition of the resulting SS/PU composites are characterized, as well as mechanical properties, chemical structure and thermal properties. The results indicate that the CTS forms multiple physical and chemical interactions with the SS/PU composites to induce an optimized organic–inorganic hybrid network structure thus achieving simultaneous improvement of compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and fracture toughness of the SS/PU composites, with the improvement of 12.9%, 6.6%, 17.5% and 9.7%, respectively. Moreover, a reasonable mechanism explanation for CTS modified SS/PU composites is confirmed. Additionally, the high interface areas of the organic–inorganic phase and the active crosslinking effect of the CTS are the main factors to determine the curing process of the SS/PU composites.
Genetic dissection of QTLs associated with spikelet-related traits and grain size in sorghum
Authors: Takanashi Hideki , Shichijo Mitsutoshi , Sakamoto Lisa , Kajiya-Kanegae Hiromi , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Sakamoto Wataru , Tsutsumi Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough spikelet-related traits such as size of anther, spikelet, style, and stigma are associated with sexual reproduction in grasses, no QTLs have been reported in sorghum. Additionally, there are only a few reports on sorghum QTLs related to grain size, such as grain length, width, and thickness. In this study, we performed QTL analyses of nine spikelet-related traits (length of sessile spikelet, pedicellate spikelet, pedicel, anther, style, and stigma; width of sessile spikelet and stigma; and stigma pigmentation) and six grain-related traits (length, width, thickness, length/width ratio, length/thickness ratio, and width/thickness ratio) using sorghum recombinant inbred lines. We identified 36 and 7 QTLs for spikelet-related traits and grain-related traits, respectively, and found that most sorghum spikelet organ length- and width-related traits were partially controlled by the dwarf genes Dw1 and Dw3. Conversely, we found that these Dw genes were not strongly involved in the regulation of grain size. The QTLs identified in this study aid in understanding the genetic basis of spikelet- and grain-related traits in sorghum.
Interbase-FRET binding assay for pre-microRNAs
Authors: Bood Mattias , del Nogal Anna Wypijewska , Nilsson Jesper R. , Edfeldt Fredrik , Dahlén Anders , Lemurell Malin , Wilhelmsson L. Marcus , Grøtli Morten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs) has been linked to several human diseases. A promising approach for targeting these anomalies is the use of small-molecule inhibitors of miR biogenesis. These inhibitors have the potential to (i) dissect miR mechanisms of action, (ii) discover new drug targets, and (iii) function as new therapeutic agents. Here, we designed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-labeled oligoribonucleotides of the precursor of the oncogenic miR-21 (pre-miR-21) and used them together with a set of aminoglycosides to develop an interbase-FRET assay to detect ligand binding to pre-miRs. Our interbase-FRET assay accurately reports structural changes of the RNA oligonucleotide induced by ligand binding. We demonstrate its application in a rapid, qualitative drug candidate screen by assessing the relative binding affinity between 12 aminoglycoside antibiotics and pre-miR-21. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to validate our new FRET method, and the accuracy of our FRET assay was shown to be similar to the established techniques. With its advantages over SPR and ITC owing to its high sensitivity, small sample size, straightforward technique and the possibility for high-throughput expansion, we envision that our solution-based method can be applied in pre-miRNA–target binding studies.
Laser spectroscopy of the $$^2{\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}{-}^2{\mathrm{P}}_{{1}/2}$$, $$^2{\mathrm{P}}_{3/2}$$ transitions in stored and cooled relativistic C3+ ions
Authors: Winzen D. , Hannen V. , Bussmann M. , Buß A. , Egelkamp C. , Eidam L. , Huang Z. , Kiefer D. , Klammes S. , Kühl Th. , Loeser M. , Ma X. , Nörtershäuser W. , Ortjohann H.-W. , Sánchez R. , Siebold M. , Stöhlker Th. , Ullmann J. , Vollbrecht J. , Walther Th. , Wang H. , Weinheimer Ch. , Winters D. F. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe $$^2{\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}{-}^2{\mathrm{P}}_{{1}/2}$$

2

S

1
/
2

-

2

P

1
/
2

and $$^2{\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}{-}^2{\mathrm{P}}_{{3}/2}$$

2

S

1
/
2

-

2

P

3
/
2

transitions in Li-like carbon ions stored and cooled at a velocity of $$\beta \approx 0.47$$

β
≈
0.47

in the experimental storage ring (ESR) at the GSI Helmholtz Centre in Darmstadt have been investigated in a laser spectroscopy experiment. Resonance wavelengths were obtained using a new continuous-wave UV laser system and a novel extreme UV (XUV) detection system to detect forward emitted fluorescence photons. The results obtained for the two transitions are compared to existing experimental and theoretical data. A discrepancy found in an earlier laser spectroscopy measurement at the ESR with results from plasma spectroscopy and interferometry has been resolved and agreement between experiment and theory is confirmed.
Nonlinear radiative Maxwell nanofluid flow in a Darcy–Forchheimer permeable media over a stretching cylinder with chemical reaction and bioconvection
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ramzan Muhammad , Chu Yu-Ming , Kadry Seifedine , Malik M. Y. , Chinram Ronnason 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudies accentuating nanomaterials suspensions and flow traits in the view of their applications are the focus of the present study. Especially, the usage of such materials in biomedical rheological models has achieved great importance. The nanofluids’ role is essential in the cooling of small electronic gizmos like microchips and akin devices. Having such exciting and practical applications of nanofluids our goal is to scrutinize the Maxwell MHD nanofluid flow over an extended cylinder with nonlinear thermal radiation amalgamated with chemical reaction in a Darcy–Forchheimer spongy media. The presence of gyrotactic microorganisms is engaged to stabilize the nanoparticles in the fluid. The partial slip condition is considered at the boundary of the stretching cylinder. The Buongiorno nanofluid model is betrothed with impacts of the Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The analysis of entropy generation is also added to the problem. The highly nonlinear system is tackled numerically is addressed by the bvp4c built-in function of the MATLAB procedure. The outcomes of the prominent parameters versus embroiled profiles are portrayed and conversed deeming their physical significance. It is perceived that fluid temperature is augmented for large estimates of the radiation and Darcy parameters. Moreover, it is noticed that the magnetic and wall roughness parameters lower the fluid velocity. To corroborate the presented results, a comparison of the current study with a previously published paper is also executed. An outstanding correlation in this regard is attained.
Differential associations of ankle and brachial blood pressures with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: cross-sectional study
Authors: Viswambharan Hema , Cheng Chew Weng , Kain Kirti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreased brachial systolic blood-pressure (BP) predicts diabetes (T2DM) but is not fully effective. Value of absolute ankle systolic BP for T2DM compared to brachial systolic BP is not known. Our objectives were to assess independent relationships of ankle-systolic BP with T2DM and cardiovascular disease in Europeans and south Asians. Cross-sectional studies of anonymised data from registered adults (n = 1087) at inner city deprived primary care practices. Study includes 63.85% ethnic minority. Systolic BP of the left and right-brachial, posterior-tibial and dorsalis-pedis-arteries measured using a Doppler probe. Regression models’ factors were age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and waist height ratio (WHtR). Both brachial and ankle systolic-BP increase with diabetes in Europeans and south Asians. We demonstrated that there was a significant positive independent association of ankle BP with diabetes, regardless of age and sex compared to Brachial. There was stronger negative association of ankle blood pressure with cardiovascular disease, after adjustment for BMI, WHtR and ethnicity. Additionally, we found that ankle BP were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease in south Asians more than the Europeans; right posterior tibial. Ankle systolic BPs are superior to brachial BPs to identify risks of Type 2DM and cardiovascular diseases for enhanced patient care.
Early-onset of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation weakening in response to atmospheric CO2 concentration
Authors: Dima Mihai , Nichita Denis R. , Lohmann Gerrit , Ionita Monica , Voiculescu Mirela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a tipping component of the climate system, is projected to slowdown during the 21st century in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. The rate and start of the weakening are associated with relatively large uncertainties. Observed sea surface temperature-based reconstructions indicate that AMOC has been weakening since the mid-20th century, but its forcing factors are not fully understood. Here we provide dynamical observational evidence that the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affects the North Atlantic heat fluxes and precipitation rate, and weakens AMOC, consistent with numerical simulations. The inferred weakening, starting in the late 19th century, earlier than previously suggested, is estimated at 3.7 ± 1.0 Sv over the 1854–2016 period, which is larger than it is shown in numerical simulations (1.4 ± 1.4 Sv).