bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Croissance Urbaine au Zaire
Authors: Lootens-De Muynck M.T. 
Published: February 2021

The Urban Growth in Zaire
The present paper retraces the hierarchy of the most important centers of Zaïre on the dates of 1956, 1970 and 1984. The distribution of the “rank and size rule” is log-normal in the colonial period and primate in the post-colonial period. The primacy of Kinshasa is growing in the last decennia, shown by the calculation of the “two-city and the five-city primacy index”.
In all the cities with the exception of Kolwezi, the strong demographic growth during the sixties and the early seventies has been slowed at present. Even in some cities the early famous rural versus urban migration became a mere story.
Congolese Children at the Congo House in Colwyn Bay (North Wales, Great-Britain), at the end of the 19th Century. Unpublished documents.
Authors: Etambala Zana Aziza , Bursaal K.U. Leuven 
Published: February 2021

In the present study we like to focus the attention on the presence of Congolese children at the Congo House in Colwyn Bay (North Wales, Great-Britain) during the last decade of the 19th century.
The idea, which William Hughes conceived and which consisted of educating Congolese, in a first phase, and other African youth, in a second one, never received a just interest. The experiment of Hughes, a former baptist missionary, was a unique specimen for Great-Britain. Henry Morton Stanley and King Leopold II were a little bit involved in the successful start of this initiative.
But this article has particularly in view an identification of the Congolese boys and girls who frequented the ‘Congo House’!
Embodiment and Multisensory Perception of Synchronicity: Biological Features Modulate Visual and Tactile Multisensory Interaction in Simultaneity Judgements
Authors: Joly-Mascheroni Ramiro , Abad-Hernando Sonia , Forster Bettina , Calvo-Merino Beatriz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concept of embodiment has been used in multiple scenarios, but in cognitive neuroscience it normally refers to the comprehension of the role of one’s own body in the cognition of everyday situations and the processes involved in that perception. Multisensory research is gradually embracing the concept of embodiment, but the focus has mostly been concentrated upon audiovisual integration. In two experiments, we evaluated how the likelihood of a perceived stimulus to be embodied modulates visuotactile interaction in a Simultaneity Judgement task. Experiment 1 compared the perception of two visual stimuli with and without biological attributes (hands and geometrical shapes) moving towards each other, while tactile stimuli were provided on the palm of the participants’ hand. Participants judged whether the meeting point of two periodically-moving visual stimuli was synchronous with the tactile stimulation in their own hands. Results showed that in the hand condition, the Point of Subjective Simultaneity (PSS) was significantly more distant to real synchrony (60 ms after the Stimulus Onset Asynchrony, SOA) than in the geometrical shape condition (45 ms after SOA). In experiment 2, we further explored the impact of biological attributes by comparing performance on two visual biological stimuli (hands and ears), that also vary in their motor and visuotactile properties. Results showed that the PSS was equally distant to real synchrony in both the hands and ears conditions. Overall, findings suggest that embodied visual biological stimuli may modulate visual and tactile multisensory interaction in simultaneity judgements.
A Fog Climatology at Abu Dhabi International Airport
Authors: Weston Michael , Temimi Marouane , Burger Roelof , Piketh Stuart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFog has a significant effect on aviation and road transport networks around the world. The International Airport in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, experiences dense fog during winter months that affect operations at the airport. We describe the fog climatology at the airport using 36 years of aviation routine weather reports (METAR), an important long-term data source, and report on the number of fog days per year, the seasonal cycle, the diurnal cycle, and the duration of fog events. Fog days per year vary from 8 to 51, with a mean of ~23.91 days (standard deviation of 9.83). Events are most frequent from September until March, with December and January being the most active months. November, unexpectedly, has a low number of fog days, which appears to be due to a decrease in aerosol loading in the atmosphere. The most fog days experienced in one month is 13 (March 2004). Fog occurs any time from 1900 to 1100 local time, and the frequency increases as night progresses, peaking around sunrise. Fog events most frequently last 1 h or less. Events of 9 h or more were recorded in January and December, with the longest event lasting 16 h. Events are strongly dependent on the land–sea breeze and seldom form when the wind is blowing from the Arabian Gulf. The thickness of the nocturnal inversion layer increases up to about 500 m AGL on fog days as compared with 273 m AGL on clear-sky days. This study is the first to use the 36-yr dataset to characterize fog climatology at Abu Dhabi Airport.
Impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole on Evolution of the Subsequent ENSO: Relative Roles of Dynamic and Thermodynamic Processes
Authors: Yue Zhang , Zhou W. , Li Tim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe complex interaction between the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is further investigated in this study, with a focus on the impacts of the IOD on ENSO in the subsequent year [ENSO(+1)]. The interaction between the IOD and the concurrent ENSO [ENSO(0)] can be summarized as follows: ENSO(0) can trigger and enhance the IOD, while the IOD can enhance ENSO(0) and accelerate its demise. Regarding the impacts of IOD(0) on the subsequent ENSO(+1), it is revealed that the IOD can lead to anomalous SST cooling patterns over the equatorial Pacific after the winter following the IOD, indicating the formation of a La Niña–like pattern in the subsequent year. While the SST cooling tendency associated with a positive IOD is attributable primarily to net heat flux (thermodynamic processes) from autumn to the ensuing spring, after the ensuing spring the dominant contribution comes from oceanic processes (dynamic processes) instead. From autumn to the ensuing spring, the downward shortwave flux response contributes the most to SST cooling over the central and eastern Pacific, due to the cloud–radiation–SST feedback. From the ensuing winter to the ensuing summer, changes in latent heat flux (LHF) are important for SST cooling, indicating that the release of LHF from the ocean into the atmosphere increases due to strong evaporation and leads to SST cooling through the wind–evaporation–SST feedback. The wind stress response and thermocline shoaling verify that local Bjerknes feedback is crucial for the initiation of La Niña in the later stage.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with multiple myeloma during carfilzomib treatment: in search of better management
Authors: Rago Angela , Siniscalchi Agostina , Tordi Attilio , Andrizzi Cristina , Campagna Selenia , Caravita di Toritto Tommaso 
Published: February 2021

Background: Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell dyscrasia accounting for 1% of neoplastic diseases and is the second most common hematologic malignancy after lymphoma. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by increased blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation and the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Increased resistance in the pulmonary vessels strains the right ventricle, leading to right heart failure. Aim: To report a case of a 65-year-old man who presented in 2017 with immunoglobulin G–kappa multiple myeloma characterized by pulmonary arterial hypertension during carfilzomib and dexamethasone treatment that resolved after stopping therapy. Discussion: Pulmonary arterial hypertension represents one of the main problems of carfilzomib and dexamethasone treatment, especially in patients with predisposing conditions such as hypertension. Therefore, monitoring and management of patients starting therapy with carfilzomib remains a critical issue. Although cardiac and vascular related adverse events were not frequent, a preemptive strategy prior to initiating carfilzomib appears advisable, particularly in patients at risk. Conclusion: The mechanism responsible for cardiac and vascular events during carfilzomib therapy is unclear. This case report highlights that it is important to define at baseline the appropriate screening of patients undergoing carfilzomib therapy with specific monitoring and symptom management and that future large prospective controlled studies are needed to define the correct monitoring strategy in refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma and the potential mechanism of vascular events.
The prevalence of migraine in Argentina: A reappraisal
Authors: Lisicki Marco , Figuerola María L , Bonamico Lucas , Lew Daniel , Goicochea María T ,   on behalf of the Headache Group of the Argentinian Neurological Society
Published: February 2021

Background Argentina has one of the largest territories in the world, which spreads over a lengthy latitudinal span. Its population is mainly composed of a mixture of South American natives and the descendants of numerous waves of European immigrants. Results from a previous study suggested that the prevalence of migraine in Argentina is the lowest in the region. Here we aimed to reassess the prevalence of migraine in Argentina applying a more sensitive and specific screening tool. Methods We conducted a random computer assisted telephonic interview (n= 2500) using the Migraine Screen Questionnaire to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and some of its features among Argentinian adults. Results The overall prevalence of migraine was 9.5% (14% in females and 5% in males). Estimated migraine prevalence rates ranged between 6.3% and 12% across different regions. The approximated prevalence of high frequency and chronic migraine were 1.9% and 1.5% of the total population respectively. Consumption of analgesics on 10 or more days per month was reported by 18% of migraine sufferers (≈1.7% of the population). Conclusions The prevalence of migraine in Argentina is higher than previously reported. Prevalence rates vary extensively across the territory. Specifically evaluating the determinants of these variations might be a promising avenue of research.
A population-based survey for disabling headaches in Greece: Prevalence, burden and treatment preferences
Authors: Constantinidis Theodoros S , Arvaniti Chryssa , Fakas Nikolaos , Rudolf Jobst , Kouremenos Evangelos , Giannouli Ermioni , Mitsikostas Dimos D 
Published: February 2021

Objective To estimate the prevalence, burden and current treatment of disabling primary headaches in a large sample of the Greek population aged 18–70 years old. Methods This is an observational descriptive study, with cross-sectional design performed by quantitative computer-assisted telephone interviews, using a validated 37-item questionnaire for headaches. The prevalence, burden, and current treatment of primary headaches (ICHD-3) were recorded along with participants’ treatment preferences. Results Out of 10,008 interviewed participants, 1197 (12.0%) reported headaches affecting performance. The annual prevalence of migraine was 8.1% (95% confidence interval, 7.6–8.7, corresponding to 0.6 million Greeks), of chronic migraine 1.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.8–1.2, corresponding to 0.1 million), and of tension-type headache 3.8% (95% confidence interval, 3.4–4.2, corresponding to 0.3 million). The participants with headaches reported 0.5 headache-induced lost workdays per month (corresponding to 5.8 million lost workdays annually) and reductions in performance on 2.8 workdays per month (corresponding to 30.9 million workdays annually). In all, 43.4% of headache participants felt bad/ashamed because of headaches and 21.9% sought professional treatment, most often from a private neurologist. 83.8% of headache participants had never taken pharmacological prophylaxis, and only 5.5% were currently under preventative treatment. For both prophylactic and acute treatment, headache participants prefer oral medication to injection or stimulation devices. Conclusion More than 10% of the Greek adult population up to 70 years old experience disabling headaches, causing a dramatic work loss. More than 80% of these have never taken pharmacological prophylaxis. Thus, enriching the quality of life of people with headaches relies crucially on expanding awareness about headaches and their treatment.
Australian Orthodontists Utilization and Attitude Toward a Government Funded Cleft Scheme
Authors: Wishney Morgan , Sahu-Khan Aziz , Petocz Peter , Darendeliler M. Ali , Papadopoulou Alexandra K. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To (1) survey Australian orthodontists about their involvement with a government-funded scheme for patients with clefts, the Medicare Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Scheme (MCLCPS) and (2) investigate their attitude toward treating patients with clefts and their training in this respect. Design: A 13-question online survey was distributed to members of the Australian Society of Orthodontists. The survey gathered information regarding respondent demographics, the number of MCLCPS-eligible patients seen in the past 12 months and usual billing practices. Results: A total of 96 complete responses were obtained. About 70% of respondents had treated MCLCPS-eligible patients in the past 12 months and 55% saw between 2 and 5 patients during this time. The likelihood of treating patients with clefts increased by a factor of 4.8 (95% CI: 1.2-18.9) if practicing outside of a capital city and 1.5 times for each decade increase in orthodontist’s age (95% CI: 1.0-2.2). The MCLCPS was utilized by 81% of orthodontists with 26% of these respondents accepting rebate only. Most orthodontists felt their university training could have better prepared them to treat patients with clefts. A minority of orthodontists felt that a rebate increase would make them more likely to treat these patients. Conclusions: Australian orthodontists who treat patients with clefts tend to be older and work outside of capital cities. The decision to treat these patients tends to not be financially motived. Specialty orthodontic training programs could improve the preparedness of their graduates to treat patients with clefts.
Clinical characteristics and treatment of secondary glaucoma, glaucoma suspects and ocular hypertension after congenital cataract surgery
Authors: Eibenberger Katharina , Kiss Barbara , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Stifter Eva 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate changes in intraocular pressure after congenital cataract surgery in a real-world setting. Methods: This retrospective case series included all children aged 0–2 years undergoing lens extraction due to congenital cataract. Development of an elevated intraocular pressure was divided into three groups: secG, suspG and OHT. Further, risk factors for IOP changes, the therapeutic approach and functional outcome were assessed during follow-up. Results: One hundred and sixty-one eyes of 110 patients aged 0–2 years were included, whereof 29 eyes of 17 children developed secondary glaucoma (secG; 11 eyes/8 patients), glaucoma suspect (suspG; three eyes/three patients) or ocular hypertension (OHT; 15 eyes/10 patients). No difference in surgrical procedure ( p = 0.62) was found, but age at cataract surgery differed significantly ( p = 0.048), with the secG group (1.74 ± 1.01 months) being the youngest (suspG: 3.93 ± 1.80 months; OHT group: 5.91 ± 5.36 months). Secondary surgical intervention was significantly higher in the secG (4.64 ± 3.41) followed by the suspG (2.00 ± 2.65) and OHT groups (0.40 ± 0.74; p < 0.001). Postoperative complications including nystagmus ( p = 0.81), strabismus ( p = 0.98) and amblyopia ( p = 0.73) showed no difference, in contrast to visual axis obscuration which was more common in the secG group ( p = 0.036). Conclusion: Initial lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy procedure together with or without IOL implantation seems to have no influence for the development of IOP changes after pediatric cataract surgery. However, children who developed secondary glaucoma had cataract surgery significantly earlier, within the first 2–3 months of life. Glaucoma surgery was required to achieve final IOP control in most eyes. The development of secondary glaucoma was also associated with a significant increase in surgical re-treatments.
Comparison of central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure measured with two different tono/pachymeter devices in non-glaucomatouse children
Authors: Teberik Kuddusi , Eski Mehmet Tahir , Ankarali Handan 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The goal of this research is to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) values obtained from the measurements with Nidek NT-530P and Canon TX-20P devices with the values obtained by ultrasound pachymetry (UP) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in children. Methods: This prospective study was conducted with 119 healthy children. The measurements were repeated three times for each eye. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the correlation between the measurements obtained from different devices. The Bland–Altman plot was used to analyze the agreement between two different devices graphically. The measurements were taken in the same order in all subjects: TX-20P, NT-530P, UP, and GAT. Results: The mean age of the children was 10.1 ± 3.2 (6–17) years. The mean CCT values for the eyes were 568.90 and 569.68 (TX-20P), 571.44 and 566.37 (NT-530P), 564.77 and 564.67 μm UP, (right and left, respectively). The highest correspondence observed for CCT was between UP and NT-530P devices (ICC, 0.982, the left eye). The mean IOP measurements for Canon TX-20P, NT-530P, and GAT were 16.5 ± 3.2, 16.3 ± 3.2, and 16.8 ± 3.6 mmHg for the right eyes, respectively, while those for the left eyes were 16.6 ± 3.1, 16.2 ± 3.3, and 16.8 ± 3.7 mmHg. The highest correspondence was noted between measurements obtained using GAT and Nidek NT-530P devices (ICC, 0.945, in the left eye). Conclusion: Tono/pachymetry devices in the healthy children are provides significant agreements with the gold standard methods for IOP and CCT measurements. Clinical Trial Registration number: 2016-94
Durability of Complete Response to Intralesional Interleukin-2 for In-Transit Melanoma
Authors: Khoury Sami , Knapp Gregory C. , Fyfe Allison , Monzon Jose , Temple-Oberle Claire , McKinnon Gregory J. 
Published: February 2021

Background Intralesional injection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for in-transit melanoma (ITM) is associated with a high rate of complete response. However, there is a paucity of data on treatment durability and long-term outcomes. Objectives To provide long-term data on patients with a complete response to IL-2 therapy for ITM. Methods Consecutive patients with ITM, treated with intralesional IL-2 therapy, at the Tom Baker Cancer Center were identified from April 2009 to August 2019. All patients received at least 4 cycles (every 2 weeks) of IL-2 (5 MIU/mL). Complete response was defined as sustained (ie, 3 months) clinical complete remission of all known in-transit disease. Results Sixty-five patients were treated with curative intent for in-transit disease with intralesional IL-2. Complete clinical response was identified in 44.6% (29/65). In this subset of patients, the median number of lesions per patient was 9 (range 1-40). The median total dose of IL-2 was 0.8 mL (IQR 0.4-1.5) per lesion. One patient received isolated limb infusion and 13.8% (4/29) received systemic immunotherapy as part of their initial management. At a median follow-up of 27 months (IQR 16-59), 34.5% (10/29) developed recurrent disease. Of these patients, 50.0% (5/10) presented with synchronous in-transit and distant metastases. The median time to recurrence was 10.5 months (IQR 5.8-16.3). Conclusion With long-term follow-up, 65.5% of complete responders have a durable response to intralesional IL-2 therapy. In this cohort of patients, local in-transit recurrence is most likely to occur within 12 months and is often associated with concomitant distant disease.
Evaluation of Endovascular Intervention for Tracheo-Innominate Artery Fistula: A Systematic Review
Authors: O’Malley Thomas J. , Jordan Andrew M. , Prochno Kyle W. , Saxena Abhiraj , Maynes Elizabeth J. , Ferrell Brandon , Guy T. Sloane , Entwistle John W. , Massey H. Todd , Morris Rohinton J. , Abai Babak , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: February 2021

Background: While the standard of care for suspected tracheo-innominate artery fistula (TIF) necessitates sternotomy, perioperative mortality remains high. Endovascular interventions have been attempted, but reports have been anecdotal. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the outcomes of endovascular management of TIF by pooling the existing evidence. Methods: An electronic database search of Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was performed to identify all studies examining endovascular treatment of TIF. Patients greater than 14 years of age who underwent endovascular intervention for TIF were included. 25 studies consisting of 27 patients met the inclusion criteria. Results: 48.1% (13/27) of patients were male and median age was 39.0 [IQR 16.0, 47.5] years. Tracheostomy was present in 96.3% (26/27) of cases. Median duration from tracheostomy to TIF presentation was 2.2 months [0.5, 42.5]. On presentation, 84.6% (22/26) had tracheal hemorrhage, and 22.8% (6/27) were hemodynamically unstable. 96.3% (26/27) underwent covered stent graft placement while 1 patient (3.8%) had coil embolization. 18.5% (5/27) of patients required repeat endovascular intervention for recurrent bleeding, while 11.1% (3/27) required rescue sternotomy. Median hospital length of stay was 30 days [16.0, 46.5], and overall mortality was 29.6% (8/27) with a median follow-up time of 5 months [1.2, 11.5]. Conclusion: While uncommon, endovascular treatment of TIF may be a feasible alternative to sternotomy. The approach may be useful in those who are unable to undergo surgery or are likely to have adhesions from prior chest operations.