bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space Layout Method for Carton Conveying System Based on SOSG Matrix
Authors: Cao Weilin , Qian Jie , Li Jie , Xu Qi , Lin Yizhen , Wang Xiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The traditional cigarette conveying system of cigarette industry adopts a one-to-one hard connection method, which has problems such as poor spatial scalability and high equipment coupling. A spatial layout method for carton conveying system based on the SOSG (Solid Orthogonal Structure Graph) matrix is proposed. Through this method, a matrix cigarette conveying system is constructed. Compared with the traditional mode, its space utilization rate is increased by 67%, equipment coupling is reduced, and the downtime rate of carton conveying line due to the shutdown of sealing machine can be reduced from 100% to 0%.
A MBD Model-driven Automatic Generation Method of On-machine Measuring Program for CNC Machining
Authors: Zhong Wenhao , Zhai Cheng , Cao Yansheng , Wang Meiqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the programming of on-machine measurement in CNC machining process is heavily dependent on operators and the efficiency is lower, a MBD model-driven automatic generation method of on-machine measuring program is proposed. The characteristics of measuring program is analysed and the relationship between the parameters of measuring cycle and the features of MBD model is built. The approach of PMI (product manufacturing information) data identifying and extracting is presented. The scheme for transforming the PMI data and geometric features to measuring cycle parameters is constructed. In order to make the measuring program adapt to the change of probe position which stored in different tool magazine, the way of collecting the position automatically by OPC DA protocol is provided. On the basis of the proposed methods and approaches, an on-machine measuring program generating software system has been developed. The running result of the system is given, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method were demonstrated.
The Research on Operation Automation Model for Information Equipment
Authors: Li Danping , Chen Zhiwen , Wang Guihua , Zhou Xiaolu , Ren Ming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Privilege control is an important problem to be solved in the operation of the intranet network of military industry. Solidifying the operation process and replacing the operation personnel with machines to complete configuration changes can reduce the frequency of manual operation by privileged personnel, thus limiting the operation privilege and improving the security of intranet network. Aiming at the high security and high efficiency requirements of operation of intranet information equipment, this paper designs an operation automation mode. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult for tools to adapt to heterogeneous equipment, this paper studies the commands adaptive technology for heterogeneous equipment based on abstract atomic operation. In addition, the model and technologies are verified by a specific scene of equipment location change. The results show that the above model and technologies achieve the goal of ensuring the security of operation and improving the efficiency of operation.
The Acquisition of Position and Orientation of the Conveyor Belt Workpiece Based on the Inter Frame Difference in ROI in Camera Video
Authors: Wang Jian , Chen Ziting 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Conveyor belt transfer is a widely used transportation means in industry and agriculture, with the help of the robot arms the workpiece on the belt can be picked and placed, replacing human sorters for production lines work. The position and orientation of the workpiece are important for grabbing by the robot arms. The goal of the paper was to investigate the acquisition of the position and orientation of the conveyor belt workpiece by means of the camera video overhead looking down the belt. The proposed method is the inter frame difference in nature, using the conveyor belt background as the first frame, but the other frames were not used wholly as usually, only an ROI all around the conveyor belt in the camera video was chosen, and the inter frame difference was carried out in the ROI. The ROI was of the same width as that of the belt in the video which was known in advance, while the length of the ROI was arbitrary, so one pixel in the frame was scaled to the actual length conveniently. Every read frame behind the background was computed the difference with the background in such ROI, and the four vertexes coordinates of the rectangle workpiece image on the belt were obtained when it passed the ROI, and then the distance apart from the right belt boundary was calculated due to the proportional relation between the width of workpiece and that of the ROI. Two kind workpiece orientation on the belt toward the left and right were judged using the same obtained four vertexes coordinates by means of Euclidian length, and the tilt angle was calculated by arc tangent function in favour of two narrow sides of rectangle workpiece grab. The actual test showed that the method of obtaining the position and orientation of workpiece on the belt proposed in the paper could be realized correctly.
Performance Analysis of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Identifying and Classifying the Failures of Traction Motors
Authors: Xian Xiaoyu , Tang Haichuan , Tian Yin , Liu Qi , Fan Yuming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses electric motor fault diagnosis using supervised machine learning classification. A total of 15 distinct fault types are classified and multilabel strategies are used to classify concurrent faults. we explored, developed, and compared the performance of different types of binary (fault/non-fault), multi-class (fault type) and multi-label (single fault versus combination fault) classifiers. To evaluate the effectiveness of fault identification and classification, we used different supervised machine learning methods, including Random forest classification, support vector machine and neural network classification. Through experiment, we compared these methods over 4 classification regimes and finally summarize the most suitable machine learning algorithms for different aspects of health diagnosis in traction motors area.
Error Analysis of Cycloid Gear Based on Ellipse Fitting Based on Least Square Approach
Authors: Lou Sai , Liu Fucong , Wang Haoran 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, under the condition of the existing processing and detecting technology, we used coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to measure the contour of cycloid gear. In order to improve the accuracy of measured data, we used Euclidean distance and Laida criterion to preprocess measured data. After preprocessing the measured data of the cycloid gear, we used ellipse fitting based on least square approach to fit the contour data points of the cycloid gear, and used the determination coefficient method to evaluate the goodness of fitting. According to the result of the curve fitting of cycloid gear, we used Matlab to analyse and calculate the pitch errors of cycloid gear, which provides data for the subsequent matching of parts combination of the best RV reducer with genetic algorithm.
Research and Optimization Design of Mixing Characteristics of High-speed Centrifugal Mixer Based on DEM
Authors: Li Hongjun , Zhou Xiao , Li Xu , Chen Wei , Zuo Ying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the special production process of an environmental protection building material, a new mixing equipment, high-speed centrifugal mixer, was designed. In this paper, the mixing characteristics of high-speed centrifugal mixer were studied by using discrete element method (DEM). By constructing the contact model and establishing the evaluation system, the mixing process was simulated and analyzed by EDEM software, and the mixing situation of the two raw materials in the centrifugal mixer was obtained. At the same time, according to the two important factors affecting the mixing results, the comparative experimental analysis was carried out under different conditions, and finally the optimization suggestions for the equipment were put forward.
The New 1 kN·m Torque Standard Machine in National Institute of Metrology, China
Authors: Jiang Jile , Wu Kun , Guo Bin , Wu Shi , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A 1 kN-m deadweight torque standard machine is established in National Institute of Metrology, China. The torque range is 5N·m-1200 N·m. The deadweights utilized in the machine can generate the torque of 1200 N·m, 600N·m, 360N·m, 240N·m, 120N·m and 60 N·m, respectively. The torque can be applied both in clock-wise and counter clock-wise direction in sequencial loading process. The aerostatic bearing is introduced to the torque standard machine in order to eliminate the influence of friction. The symmetric V type rotor and stator are used to provide the reliable support both in axial and radial direction. The material of the lever arm is invar alloy, performing with the minimum deformation with the change of the ambient temperature. The counter torque part will make the precise adjustment to make a horizontal alignment of the lever arm. The relative standard uncertainty of the torque generated by the machine is less than 1e-5.
A Depth Map Generation Method for Path Planning of Mobile Robot
Authors: He Qiang , Yu Jiawei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recently, the unmanned mobile robots have received broad applications, such as industrial and security inspection, disinfection and epidemic prevention, warehousing logistics, agricultural picking, etc. In order to drive autonomously from departure to destination, an unmanned mobile robot mounts different sensors to collect information around it and further understand its surrounding environment based on the perceptions. Here we proposed a method to generate high-resolution depth map for given sparse LiDAR point cloud. Our method fits the point cloud into a 3D curve and projects LiDAR data onto the curve surface, and then we make appropriate interpolations of the curve and finally implement the Delaunay triangulation algorithm to all the data points on the 3D curve. The experimental results show that our approach can effectively improve the resolution of depth maps from sparse LiDAR measurements.
Experimental Study on Automatic Switching of Solar Coupled Groundwater Source Heat Pump System
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Qiang , Sun Qiujin , Shao Mingyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There have been few practical applications of solar coupled groundwater source heat pump (GWHP) systems in large public buildings, and data on this technology are scarce. A solar coupled GWHP system was investigated in this study. The system uses an underground water source heat pump system for heating in winter, cooling in summer, and providing part of the domestic hot water, and it also uses a solar energy system to prepare domestic hot water. These two types of energy are complementary. The system was tested throughout the cooling season. This experiment ran from May 10, 2021, to September 10, 2021. The results show that the system can guarantee the indoor design temperature and the supply of domestic hot water. The solar water heating system operated for 1233 min in the summer; hot water (2334 m3) was prepared. During the summer, the average energy efficiency ratio of the GWHP unit was approximately 4.88. The energy efficiency ratio of the entire system was approximately 3.34. Such projects can play a key role in demonstrating this type of system.
The Analysis and Compensation of Elastic Unbalance Torque of the Three-axis Air-bearing Simulator
Authors: Li Zhanxin , Cao Zizhen , Duan Wenjie , Du Yikang , Liu Haiteng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The most important interfering torque of a three-axis air-bearing simulator is the displacement of the center of mass in the gravity field caused by structural elasticity. In order to characterize the torque, a mathematical model of the interference moment was established. Based on the model, it is suggested that the vertical stiffness and horizontal stiffness of the structure should be equal as far as possible during the structural design, and the elastic unbalance moment can be compensated by the vertical offset of the center of mass of the air floating platform relative to the rotation center after the initial attitude leveling. ABAQUS was used to build a simulation model of the air floating platform, and the changes of the structure’s centroid before and after the gravitational field was applied were extracted by software to simulate the centroid deviation caused by the elastic deformation of the structure, which was used as the characterization to conduct discrete optimization of the structure. The optimal structural parameters were obtained. Then the disturbance torque curve and the corresponding initial centroid offset after initial centroid compensation were calculated by mathematical model. The results are of positive guiding significance to the design of three-axis air-bearing simulator.
Research on Evaluation Technology of Low Temperature Cold Start Performance of Hydraulic Oil
Authors: Chen Jinmao , Xu Lei , Zhang Chunlin , Wang Mengyi , Xiong Chunhua , Nie Yao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to comprehensively test the low temperature cold start performance of hydraulic oil and ensure their use effectiveness to the fullest, the idea of low temperature cold start performance index is proposed, so as to comprehensively evaluate the low temperature capability. Firstly, the cold start performance index system of hydraulic oil tested in low temperature environment is constructed, so as to describe its low temperature capability from multiple angles and in a comprehensive manner; secondly, for different index types, the corresponding data collection methods and data analysis methods are clarified, and the low temperature cold start performance of hydraulic fluid is evaluated. Finally, using the method as an example for three oils, the index types and assessment results are given to further illustrate the scientific nature of the research method. The research content can provide some technical support for the evaluation of the low temperature cold starting performance test of hydraulic winches.
A Simple Solution to the Cylindrical Indentation of an Elastic Compressible Thin Layer Resting on a Rigid Substrate
Authors: Wang ZQ , Dan ZL , Wu J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an analytical model is presented to study the contact that recedes between an elastic thin film that could be compressed and a substrate of rigidity. The surface of rigidity was formed due to cylindrical indentation. The substrate was assumed to be a rough surface without any friction. Further, the contact width of the substrate was derived, and the relationship between the compression force, compression depth, and the compression width was determined using the energy method. Finally, the obtained results were validated using finite element analysis.
Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics of Cast Plastic Bonded Explosives Based on NTO and HMX
Authors: Kou Xinyu , Jin Shaohua , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we studied the influence of the ratio of NTO and HMX on the thermal decomposition performance of the series of cast PBXs. DSC was used to study the nonisothermal thermal decomposition performance of different PBXs, and ARC was used to study the adiabatic thermal decomposition. Both DSC and ARC results show that among the five different PBXs, N30 is the cast PBX with the best thermal stability.
Potential impacts of concurrent and recurrent climate extremes on the global food system by 2030
Authors: Chatzopoulos Thomas , Pérez Domínguez Ignacio , Toreti Andrea , Adenäuer Marcel , Zampieri Matteo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The risk of food-supply instability is expected to increase along with the frequency and intensity of extreme agro-climatic events in many regions. Assessing the sensitivity of the global agricultural system to evolving extremes requires the probability of occurrence of such events to be estimated and their links with potential food supply and demand culminations to be established. From this perspective, in this article we implement a novel approach that can be used as a tool to inform decision-makers about the resilience of agricultural markets to climate extremes. By incorporating simulated climate-stress events into a partial-equilibrium model of interconnected agricultural commodity markets, we examine the complex manifestations of grain supply, demand and prices attributable to hazardous extremes. Market outcomes are further synthesized into coherently defined vulnerability and risk indicators. The proposed framework currently covers compound heat and water anomalies at the country level, potentially concurrent and recurrent, that impact annual crop yields and market balances in a recursive-dynamic manner until 2030. Our findings indicate that extreme-climate anomalies significantly distort expected market equilibria in the medium term. Moreover, extreme global prices may result either from climate anomalies in single key countries or from simultaneous events in many regions. Last but not least, trade and storage come forth as important alleviative mechanisms of the market uncertainty provoked by recurrent extremes.
Alternative methods of verifying the reconstructed outline of a non-standard spur gear
Authors: Konecki K , Pytliński R , Kołodziej A , Domek G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Common methods of checking a gear that have been designed in reverse engineering are, for example, measurement with a modular caliper or disc micrometer. However, although these methods are among the most accurate, they allow only one or a few of the selected geometric parameters to be measured. The paper presents alternative methods of verification of the reconstructed outline of a very non-standard involute gear with the parameters m = 4.98, α = 26.325 °, x = 0.0695, y = 0.795, c* = 0.383. These methods are less accurate than the classic ones, but they allow for a comprehensive check of the entire outline of the reconstructed tooth. They are often used in industrial practice. However, here, in addition to the methodology, a short tolerance analysis was also carried out, which may to some extent compensate for the aforementioned measurement inaccuracy. The method consists in using the potential of a spreadsheet and CAD technique to generate an involute outline of a gear tooth whose geometry is recreated.
Assessment of the suitability of a gate design modification compared to the change in pressing velocity considering the distribution of gases in the casting volume
Authors: Majernik J , Tupaj M , Trytek A , Podařil M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The qualitative properties of high pressure die castings are closely correlated with their internal structure, which is directly conditioned by the gas entrapment in the melt volume during the casting cycle. It is known that the gas entrapment in the volume of the melt and their subsequent distribution into the cast can be reduced by changing the technological parameters of the casting cycle or by the modification of the gating system design. The contribution addresses the issue of which variant of the gas content reduction is more efficient regarding the gas entrapment and the nature of the melt flow in the runners. The experiments are based on a real casting process. The established design solution of the gating system and the technological parameters setting are considered as a referential. Different gating system modifications were designed where the design modification is connected with the cross-section of a gate, in which the final acceleration of the melt flow occurs. The observed melt velocity in the gate is considered as a correlation factor, based on which the modification in the piston velocity is determined. The assessed parameter is the gas entrapment in the cast volume at the end of the filling phase. Assessment of the casting cycle and evaluation of experiments is performed using simulation program Magmasoft. Based on the performed analyses, it can be stated that the gate design modification will affect the filling regime of the die cavity by changing the melt velocity in gate, but the nature of the melt flow in runners remains unchanged. Modification of the piston velocity affects the filling regime of the die cavity, and also the nature of the melt flow as it passes through the runners, thereby promoting the gas entrapment in the melt volume. Therefore, it is necessary to pay an increased attention to the design of the gating system and only after debugging the design to proceed to the optimization of technological parameters.
Virtual reality in Industry
Authors: Klačková I , Kuric I , Zajačko I , Tlach V , Wiecek D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the issue and overview of the current trends in the field of virtual reality usage in various sectors. The main aim of contribution is an overview of virtual reality and its key components and tools nowadays, especially in areas such as engineering, automotive industry, civil administration, health care and entertainment industry. There are described the basic tools, applications and functions of virtual reality and its interaction with human operator. The main attention is paid to the use of virtual reality in the engineering industry and its division.
Preliminary analysis of the sensitivity of the FEM model of the process of dry ice extrusion in the die with a circularly converging channel on the changing its geometrical parameters
Authors: Górecki J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a preliminary analysis of the numerical model susceptibility for simulating the process of dry ice compaction utilizing single-channel and multiple channel dies. The work focuses on a preliminary comparison of the influence of changes in the geometrical parameters of the 4 types of compression channels. Based on the results of the performed analyses, conclusions were formulated for a basis and direction of further study regarding improving the energy efficiency of the indicated manufacturing process.