bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Lumbarperitoneal Shunt with the Stereotactic Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt for the Treatment of Refractory Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension：A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gao Changsong , Zhang Hongtao , Fu Jidi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) or pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), is a disorder of young obese females and characterized by headache, papilledema with raised intracranial pressure in the absence of known pathological cause. Due to the uncertainty of etiology, it may lead to misdiagnosis and poor outcome. IIH is typically treated with shunts (lumbarperitoneal and ventriculoperitoneal shunting), but shunts are prone to malfunction and infection, resulting in many patients experiencing recurrent headaches post-treatment. Case presentationWe report a case of 41 years old obese female (BMI:30.9) with IIH who exhibited a history of hypertension (BP:150/100mmHg) and documented elevated intracranial pressure (OP:450mm H2O). After the failure of several medical treatments, the patient was offered LPS due to vision loss and headache, but postoperative symptoms (intermittent headache-mainly whole craniocerebral prickling pain accompanied by neck and shoulder pain) did not significantly relieve lasting for 11 years. Therefore, we considered the blockage of the primary shunt tube in the patient, and the patient with a small ventricle leads to some difficulty in ventricle puncture, then we had to treated with the stereotactic VPS（VPS）for her exacerbation symptoms. More surprisingly, the hypertension was within the normal range (<115/80mmHg) after the surgery (without antihypertensive medication).Purpose To compare the surgical therapeutic effects and complications of lumbarperitoneal shunt (LPS) and the stereotactic ventriculoperitoneal shunt (SVPS) for idiopathic intracranial hypertension.ConclusionCSF diversion with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) or lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) is usually performed when the main symptom is vision loss and it also stabilizes headache and papilledema. LPS significantly alleviates symptoms in the short term, but due to excessive shunt of LPS long time, it is easy to be complicated with iatrogenic Chiari malformation and slit ventricle syndrome. Therefore, we are encouraged to apply the SVPS on our patients for the favorable long-term outcome.
Hybrid promoter engineering strategies in Yarrowia lipolytica:&nbsp;isoamyl alcohol&nbsp;production as a test study
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Shiqi , Lu Zhihui , Zhao Baixiang , Wang Shuhui , Zhang Cuiying , Xiao Dongguang , Foo Jee Loon , Yu Aiqun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

In biological cells, promoters drive gene expression by binding to RNA polymerase specifically. They determine the starting position, timing and level of gene expression. Therefore, rational fine-tuning of promoters to regulate the expression levels of target genes for metabolic engineering applications to optimize biosynthetic pathways has recently become an active area of research.
Results

In this study, we systematically detected and characterized the common promoter elements in the unconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, and constructed an artificial hybrid promoter library that covers a wide range of promoter strength. We also report for the first time that upstream activation sequences (UAS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters can be functionally transferred to Y. lipolytica. Subsequently, using the production of a versatile platform chemical isoamyl alcohol as a test study, the hybrid promoter library was applied to optimize the biosynthesis pathway expression in Y. lipolytica. Under the control of PUAS1B8−LEUm, the strongest promoter we constructed, overexpression of a key pathway gene led to 7.7-fold increase in the titer of isoamyl alcohol. Interestingly, a much weaker promoter PUAS1B4−EXPm increase the isoamyl alcohol titer by 30.3-fold. These results suggest that our hybrid promoter library can be a powerful toolkit for identifying optimum promoters for expressing metabolic pathways in Y. lipolytica.
Conclusion

We envision that this promoter engineering strategy and the rationally engineered promoters constructed in this study could also be extended to other non-model fungi for strain improvement.
BMI and age associated variations in the gut microbiome: A pan India, cross sectional study
Authors: Nallasamy Kumaresan , Gokhale Sucheta , Bhaduri Anirban , Dubey Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between gut microbiome composition and two physiological factors, BMI and age. We did not observe a significant relationship between occurrence of gut bacteria with BMI or age alone. On the other hand, we observed BMI and age together played an important role in impacting gut microbiota composition. Comparison of the microbiota of normal and obese subjects for the each of 20s and 50s group revealed 13 gut bacteria that show significantly different relative abundance in the two groups. We observed that certain organisms show opposite trends within the two age groups. Haemophilus parainfluenzae relative abundance was found to be increased in obese-20s group while reduced in obese-50s group. Relative abundance of organisms such as Mitsuokella jalaludini and Blautia obeum were reduced in obese-20s group while increased in obese-50s group as compared to the normal subjects of respective age group. On the other hand, a reduction in the average relative abundance of both M. jalaludini and B. obeum for obese group as compared to the normal in pan-India only BMI-based group comparison. While studying obesity-related gut microbiota changes, it is critical to consider multiple factors such as age and geography into the study design.
Salvianolic acid-B improves fat graft survival by promoting proliferation and adipogenesis
Authors: Sun Jia-Ming , Ho Chia-Kang , Gao Ya , Chong Chio-Hou , Zheng Dan-Ning , Zhang Yi-Fan , Li Yu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Our previous study proved that Salvia miltiorrhiza could enhance fat graft survival by promoting adipogenesis. However, the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), the most abundant and bioactive water-soluble compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza, on fat graft survival has not yet been investigated.Objective: This study aims to investigate whether salvianolic acid B could improve fat graft survival and promote preadipocyte differentiation. The underlying mechanism has also been studied.Methods: In vivo, 0.2 ml of Coleman fat was transplanted into nude mice with salvianolic acid B. The grafts were evaluated by HE and IF at 2 and 4 weeks posttransplantation and by micro-CT at 4 weeks posttransplantation. In vitro, the adipogenesis and proliferative activities of salvianolic acid B were analyzed in cultured human adipose-derived stem cells (h-ADSCs) and 3T3-L1 cells to detect the mechanism by which salvianolic acid B affects graft survival.Results: In vivo, the weights and volumes of the fat grafts in the Sal-B-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the fat grafts in the control group. In addition, higher fat integrity and more viable adipocytes were observed in the Sal-B-treated groups. In vitro, salvianolic acid B showed the ability to promote 3T3-L1 and h-ADSC proliferation and adipogenesis.Conclusions: Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that salvianolic acid B can promote the proliferation of adipose stem cells and enhance the differentiation of adipose stem cells. Simultaneously, in vivo experiments showed that salvianolic acid B can improve the survival rate of fat transplantation. Therefore, our research shed light on the potential therapeutic usage of salvianolic acid B in improving the survival rate of fat transplantation.
Generation mechanisms of active free radicals during ciprofloxacin degradation in the ultrasonic/K2S2O8 system
Authors: Cui Yanrui , Yan Xiaopeng , Han GuangZhe , Lin Bin , Wu Qing , Kang Wei , Ma Kaili 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal efficiency in aqueous solutions in the ultrasonic (US), K2S2O8, and US/K2S2O8 systems was investigated. The free radical generation and action ratio were studied based on variations of K2S2O8 concentration, ultrasonic power, pH, and the addition of isopropanol (ISP) or tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in the US/K2S2O8 system. The results showed that under conditions of 20 mg·L−1 CIP concentration, 20 mmol·L−1 K2S2O8 concentration, an ultrasonic power of 360 W and pH = 7, CIP removal efficiency in the US/K2S2O8 system was 92.20% after 180 min. The reaction in the US/K2S2O8 system was explicitly divided into two stages: free radical generation and pollutants degradation. The ultrasonic and chain reaction facilitated enhanced generation of SO4−• and HO•. The presence of K2S2O8 can promote HO• generation and K2S2O8 concentration also exerted a significant effect on SO4−• generation, however, high concentrations were not beneficial to the reaction. Quenching reactions occurred under high concentrations of HO• and SO4−•. During the initial stage of the reaction, HO• played a more prominent role than SO4−•, however, the role of SO4−• gradually increased as the reaction proceeded and eventually surpassed HO•.
Roles of Cannabidiol in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer’s
Disease by Multi-target Actions
Authors: Zhang Xiao- Bei , Li Jintao , Gu Juanhua , Zeng Yue-Qin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with
chronic, progressive, and irreversible characteristics, affecting nearly 50 million older adults worldwide.
The pathogenesis of AD includes the formation of senile plaques, the abnormal aggregation of
tau protein and the gradual degeneration and death of cerebral cortical cells. The main symptoms are
memory loss, cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. Studies indicate that cannabidiol (CBD)
possesses various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and neuroprotective
activities. It has been suggested as a potential multi-target medicine for the treatment of
AD. In this review, we aim to summarize the underlying mechanisms and protective effects of CBD
on signaling pathways and central receptors involved in the pathogenesis of AD, including the endocannabinoid
system (eCBs), the Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1) receptor, and
the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) receptor.
Effectiveness of Azithromycin as Add-on Therapy in COVID-19
Management
Authors: Wahab Shadma , Ahmad Md Faruque , Hussain Arshad , Usmani Shazia , Shoaib Ambreen , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: April 2021

:
As winter is approaching us, the possibility of respiratory tract infection is rising in the current
scenario due to the lack of Covid-19 prophylaxis. So no one could be safe until everyone is safe.
Researchers are looking for the vaccine to remove the need for social distancing, mask-wearing, and
social gathering worldwide. We cannot say about the vaccine's effectiveness if the vaccine is available.
Several drugs are being tested to save people's life from the pandemic; azithromycin is one of
them. This work is a review article with the updated findings of azithromycin in the context of
COVID-19. The option of azithromycin regarding COVID-19 is justified by its anti-inflammatory,
immunomodulatory, and anti-fibrotic effects and their pharmacokinetic properties, leading to effective
concentrations in the target tissue. Azithromycin tends to be an effective candidate for SARS-CoV-2
replication inhibition that blocks the initial stage of the viral life cycle. Clinical trials at a preliminary
scale and final stage show the significant results of azithromycin in supportive care therapy. Azithromycin
was an early candidate for the medication of Covid-19 with or without hydroxychloroquine. It
is exercised mainly as an outpatient antibiotic in COVID-19. In summing up, any primary anti-viral
and antibiotic treatment is not the only possibility of fighting COVID-19 pharmacologically. It will be
an injustice to those who require broader spectrum antibiotics if we do not use azithromycin. So significant
research priority is needed to determine whether azithromycin is useful in the treatment of
COVID-19.
Chemotherapeutic Strategies for Combating Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Authors: Sharma Namita , Chhillar Anil Kumar , Dahiya Sweety , Punia Aruna , Choudhary Pooja , Gulia Prity , Behl Akanksha , Dangi Mehak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen that causes nosocomial and community
acquired infections. The accelerating emergence and prevalence of staphylococcal infections
have grotesque health consequences which are mostly due to its anomalous capability to acquire drug
resistance and scarcity of novel classes of antibacterials. Many combating therapies are centered on
primary targets of S. aureus which are cell envelope, ribosomes and nucleic acids. This review describes
various chemotherapeutic strategies for combating S. aureus infections including monotherapy,
combination drug therapy, phage endolysin therapy, lysostaphins and antibacterial drones. Monotherapy
has dwindled in due course of time, but combination therapy, endolysin therapy, lysostaphin
and antibacterial drones are emerging alternatives which efficiently conquer the shortcomings of
monotherapy. Combinations of more than one antibiotic agents or combination of adjuvant with antibiotics
provide a synergistic approach to combat infections causing pathogenic strains. Phage endolysin
therapy and lysostaphin are also presented as possible alternatives to conventional antibiotic therapies.
Antibacterial Drones go a step further by specifically targeting the virulence genes in bacteria,
giving them a certain advantage over existing antibacterial strategies. But the challenge remains on the
better understanding of these strategies for executing and implementing them in the health sector. In
this day and age, most of the S. aureus strains are resistant to an ample number of antibiotics, so there
is an urgent need to overcome such multidrug-resistant strains for the welfare of our community.
Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles as Silver Lining in Antimicrobial
Resistance: A Review
Authors: Garg Munish , Parashar Sonia , Sharma Manish Kumar , Garg Chanchal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Unprincipled use of antibiotics has led to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against mostly
available compounds, and has now become a major cause of concern for the scientific community.
However, in the past decade, green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received greater
attention for the development of newer therapies as antimicrobials by virtue of their unique physico-
chemical properties. Unlike traditional antibiotics, AgNPs exert their action by acting on multiple
mechanisms, which make them potential candidates against AMR. Green synthesis of AgNPs
using various medicinal plants has demonstrated a broader spectrum of action against several microbes
in a number of attempts. The present paper provides an insight into the scientific studies
that have elucidated the positive role of plant extracts/phytochemicals during the green synthesis of
AgNPs and their future perspectives. The studies conducted so far seem promising; still, a few factors
like the precise mechanism of action of AgNPs, their synergistic interaction with biomolecules,
and industrial scalability, need to be explored further till effective drug development using
green synthesized AgNPs in healthcare systems against AMR is established.
Predicting Metabolic Reaction Networks with Perturbation-Theory Machine Learning (PTML) Models
Authors: Diéguez-Santana Karel , Casañola-Martin Gerardo M. , Green James R. , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , González-Díaz Humberto 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Checking the connectivity (structure) of complex Metabolic Reaction Networks
(MRNs) models proposed for new microorganisms with promising properties is an important
goal for chemical biology.

Objective:
In principle, we can perform a hand-on checking (Manual Curation). However, this is a
challenging task due to the high number of combinations of pairs of nodes (possible metabolic reactions).

Results:
The CPTML linear model obtained using the LDA algorithm is able to discriminate nodes
(metabolites) with the correct assignation of reactions from incorrect nodes with values of accuracy,
specificity, and sensitivity in the range of 85-100% in both training and external validation data
series.

Methods:
In this work, we used Combinatorial Perturbation Theory and Machine Learning techniques
to seek a CPTML model for MRNs >40 organisms compiled by Barabasis’ group. First, we
quantified the local structure of a very large set of nodes in each MRN using a new class of node index
called Markov linear indices fk. Next, we calculated CPT operators for 150000 combinations
of query and reference nodes of MRNs. Last, we used these CPT operators as inputs of different
ML algorithms.

Conclusion:
Meanwhile, PTML models based on Bayesian network, J48-Decision Tree and Random
Forest algorithms were identified as the three best non-linear models with accuracy greater
than 97.5%. The present work opens the door to the study of MRNs of multiple organisms using
PTML models.
Construction of Anatomical Structure-specific Developmental Dynamic Networks for Human Brain on Multiple Omics Levels
Authors: Wang Yingying , Yang Yu , Liu Jianfeng , Li Keshen 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Human brain development is a series of complex processes exhibiting profound
changes from gestation to adulthood.

Objective:
We aimed to construct dynamic developmental networks for each anatomical structure of the
human brain based on omics’ levels in order to gain a new systematical brain map on the molecular level.

Methods:
We performed the brain development analyses by constructing dynamical networks between
adjacent time points on different grouping levels of anatomical structures. The gene-time networks were
first built to obtain the developing brain dynamical maps on transcriptome level. Then miRNA-mRNA
networks and protein-protein networks were constructed by integrating the information from miRNomics
and proteomics. The time and structure-specific biomarkers were filtered based on analyses of topological
characters.

Results:
The most dramatic developmental time and structure were fetal-infancy and telencephalon, respectively.
Cortex was the key developmental region in ‘late fetal and neonatal’ and ‘early infancy’.
The development of the temporal lobe was different from other lobes since the significant changes of
molecules were found only in the comparison pair ‘early fetal-early mid-fetal’ and ‘adolescence-young
adulthood’. Interestingly, the changes among different brain structures inside adolescence and adulthood
were bigger than other time points. hsa-miR-548c-3p and H3C2 may be new brain development
indicators considering their key roles in networks.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this study is the first report of dynamical brain development maps for
different anatomical structures on multiple omics. The results provide a new sight of brain development
in a systematical way which may provide a more accurate understanding of the human brain.
Immobilization of Amano AK Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens on Novel Silk Microfiber using Oxone®: Parameter Optimization for Enzymatic Assays and use in Esterification of Residual Palm Oil
Authors: Júnior Evaldo B.M. , Neves Fernando B. , Lopes Samuel Q. , Holanda Fabrício H. , Souza Tiago M. , Pinto Erveton P. , Oliveira Alex N. , Fonseca Luis P. , Yoshioka Sérgio A. , Ferreira Irlon M. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Biodiesel has been shown to be effectively produced by immobilized enzymatic
catalysts. The selection of support material is a prominent factor for obtaining an efficient
lipase. Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer produced by glands of some arthropods, especially by
the Bombyx mor, attracting attention for immobilization of lipase.

Objective:
This paper presents a novel method to obtain silk microfibers (SMF) from Oxone® salt
in water, used as support for Amano AK lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens in biodiesel production
from deodorization distillate of palm oil (DDPO).

Method:
The oxone® salt in the presence of Ca2+ ions acts as a mineralizing agent in the peptide
bonds present in silk fibroin, altering some of its physical and chemical properties, such as zeta
potential, crystallinity, micro-morphology, infrared spectroscopic profile, and showing formation
or absence of SF original connections.

Results:
The modified support was tested as a support alternative for the immobilization of Amano
AK lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Enzyme activity values indicated that lipase immobilization
on SMF was efficient as a heterogeneous catalyst in the esterification of DDPO (deodorization
distillate palm oil).

Conclusion:
The effect of some reaction parameters, such as catalyst concentration, molar ratio,
temperature, and reaction time, was studied to optimize the conditions for maximum conversion of
DDPO (40.5%).
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Oxadiazole and Pyrimidine Bearing Thiocoumarin Derivatives
Authors: Tiwari Monika R. , Patel Navin B. 
Published: April 2021

Aims:
The study aims to synthesize thiocoumarin scaffolds clubbed with pyrimidine
and 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring system under microwave irradiation and describe their pharmacological
activities.

Background:
We report herein an efficient and simple Lewis acid-catalyzed procedure for the
synthesis of novel series of thiocoumarin clubbed with pyrimidine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole motifs
under microwave irradiation. The microwave-assisted technique has many advantages, such as a
higher yield, a clean and selective procedure, shorter reaction time, and simple work-up.

Objective:
The objective of the present study is to design and synthesize thiocoumarin scaffolds
clubbed with pyrimidine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring system by microwave-assisted heating. Our
prime focus is to highlight the synthetic approach developed for the synthesis of heterocyclic moieties
of pharmacological interest, and the prominence has also been given to distinct advantages
provided by microwave heating.

Methods:
Thiocoumarin clubbed with pyrimidine, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole motifs was synthesized
under microwave irradiation. All the synthesized molecules were evicted by IR, 1H NMR, 13C
NMR, and mass spectra. The anti-microbial activity of synthesized compounds was examined
against two Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa), two Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus,
S. pyogenes), and three fungi (C. albicans, A. niger, A. clavatus) using the MIC (Minimal Inhibitory
Concentration) method, anti-tubercular activity H37Rv using L. J. Slope Method and anti-
oxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS bioassay method.

Results:
The application of microwave technology for the rapid synthesis of biologically significant
thiocoumarin analogues is very promising because of its shorter reaction time and higher
yield. Some of these new derivatives showed moderate to good in-vitro anti-bacterial, anti-fungal,
and anti-tubercular activity. Compounds B4 and B7 appeared to have high radical scavenging efficacies
as 35.32 ± 0.446 and 33.97 ± 1.069 μg/mL ± SD of IC50 values in DPPH and ABTS bioassay,
respectively.

Conclusion:
Microwave-assisted synthesis provides an implicit way to discover a promising class
of molecular entities for the development of new anti-microbial and anti-oxidant agents. Oxadiazole
and pyrimidine bearing thiocoumarin derivatives showed improved anti-microbial, antitubercular,
and anti-oxidant activity.