bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airborne laser scanning of natural
forests in New Zealand reveals the influences of wind on forest carbon
Authors: Coomes David A. , Šafka Daniel , Shepherd James , Dalponte Michele , Holdaway Robert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Forests are a key component of the global carbon cycle, and research is needed
into the effects of human-driven and natural processes on their carbon pools.
Airborne laser scanning (ALS) produces detailed 3D maps of forest canopy structure
from which aboveground carbon density can be estimated. Working with a ALS dataset
collected over the 8049-km2 Wellington Region of New
Zealand we create maps of indigenous forest carbon and evaluate the influence of
wind by examining how carbon storage varies with aspect. Storms flowing from the
west are a common cause of disturbance in this region, and we hypothesised that
west-facing forests exposed to these winds would be shorter than those in
sheltered east-facing sites.

Methods
The aboveground carbon density of 31 forest inventory plots located within the
ALS survey region were used to develop estimation models relating carbon density
to ALS information. Power-law models using rasters of top-of-the-canopy height
were compared with models using tree-level information extracted from the ALS
dataset. A forest carbon map with spatial resolution of 25 m was generated from
ALS maps of forest height and the estimation models. The map was used to evaluate
the influences of wind on forests.

Results
Power-law models were slightly less accurate than tree-centric models (RMSE
35% vs 32%) but were selected for map generation for computational efficiency. The
carbon map comprised 4.5 million natural forest pixels within which canopy height
had been measured by ALS, providing an unprecedented dataset with which to examine
drivers of carbon density. Forests facing in the direction of westerly storms
stored less carbon, as hypothesised. They had much greater above-ground carbon
density for a given height than any of 14 tropical forests previously analysed by
the same approach, and had exceptionally high basal areas for their height. We
speculate that strong winds have kept forests short without impeding basal area
growth.

Conclusion
Simple estimation models based on top-of-the canopy height are almost as
accurate as state-of-the-art tree-centric approaches, which require more computing
power. High-resolution carbon maps produced by ALS provide powerful datasets for
evaluating the environmental drivers of forest structure, such as wind.
Bridging autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases
Authors: El-Shebiny Emad M. , Zahran Enas S. , Shoeib Sabry A. , Habib Eman S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Autoimmunity is used to cause by impairment of adaptive immunity alone, whereas autoinflammatory was originally defined as a consequence of unregulated innate immunity. So, the pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmune diseases were well-thought-out to be mediated by B and T lymphocytes. Whereas, autoinflammatory diseases were defined as unprovoked times of inflammation with the absence of a high titre of autoantibodies.

Main body of the abstract
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases were split into two groups, but considering the similarities, it can be considered as only one group of diseases with a large immune pathological and clinical spectrum which involves at one end pure autoimmune diseases and the other pure autoinflammatory diseases.

Conclusions
We can safely conclude that there is bridging between autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
A theoretical contribution to the 1D inverse problem of reflection seismograms
Authors: Amundsen Lasse 
Published: March 2021

Least-squares full-waveform inversion (FWI) is considered in the frequency domain for a set of noise-free observations of time length [Formula: see text] at the surface obeying the 1D wave equation, with a known source. The initial model is of constant velocity. The first iteration, which equals the constant-velocity migration inversion (CVMI), is thoroughly analyzed. In CVMI, for the unit source power spectrum, it is within reach to analytically derive and interpret the mathematical formulas of the first-order partial derivatives of the modeled observations (Jacobian), and the gradient and Gauss-Newton Hessian of the objective function, and learn what information the calculation requires to obtain a successful physical result (i.e., velocity update). We recognize the gradient elements, except the last one, to be sums of reflection-amplitude weighted band-limited sign functions and the Hessian elements, except along the last column and row, to be band-limited, diagonal-centered triangle functions, which for infinite bandwidth reduces to the Kronecker delta function. When the fundamental frequency [Formula: see text] is lacking in the observations, the gradient loses information of the low-wavenumber trend of the velocity update. The Hessian becomes close to singular, and any stabilized inverse has no chance to repair the deficiencies of the gradient caused by any missing low frequency in the observations. FWI is started by applying CVMI. First, Jacobians are modeled by classic reflectivity modeling. Second, the diagonal Hessians can be used for estimating discrete velocity updates. Third, the Jacobian can be modeled in the first-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin-Jeffreys (WKBJ) approximation and by neglecting transmission effects. Finally, single-frequency and low-frequency seismograms can be inverted by using broadband Hessians. The main mathematical findings are developed by simple numerical models and data.
Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Immunotherapy Toxicity Monitoring Program for Patients Receiving Ipilimumab for Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Menjak Ines B. , Elias Evelyn S. , Jain Sheena , Lawrie Deborah , Petrella Teresa M. 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE: Ipilimumab is an effective treatment for melanoma; however, toxicity rates remain high. The objective of this study was to describe the rates of adverse events (AEs), emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalizations, and nursing resource utilization for patients enrolled in a nurse-led telephone toxicity monitoring program. METHODS: Patients received weekly telephone calls from nursing to review a toxicity checklist during ipilimumab treatment and for 8 weeks after completion. To evaluate this program, a single-center retrospective review was performed for patients treated between July 2012 and September 2017 with single agent ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. Data were collected up to 3 months post-ipilimumab. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were included, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 61 (14.6) years. Thirty-three (49%) patients received four doses of ipilimumab, and 17 (25%) had one dose delay. The median (IQR) of any AEs reported per patient was 11 (8-17). There were 44 (66%) patients with AEs deemed to be definitely or probably related to ipilimumab, and of those, 3 (4%) experienced a grade 3 AE, whereas 4 (6%) experienced grade 4 AEs. Twenty patients (30%) had ER visits, and 31 (46%) were hospitalized during follow-up (9% ER visits and 6% hospitalizations were related to drug toxicity). CONCLUSION: Ipilimumab is associated with high rates of toxicity; however, a proactive nurse-led monitoring program was feasible and patients had low rates of grade 3-4 toxicity. Hospitalization rates and ER visits remained high; however, the minority of those were related to drug toxicity.
Assessment of Drug Delivery Kinetics to Epidermal Targets In Vivo
Authors: Hoppel M. , Tabosa M. A. M. , Bunge A. L. , Delgado-Charro M. B. , Guy R. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has proven challenging to quantify ‘drug input’ from a formulation to the viable skin because the epidermal and dermal targets of topically applied drugs are difficult, if not impossible, to access in vivo. Defining the drug input function to the viable skin with a straightforward and practical experimental approach would enable a key component of dermal pharmacokinetics to be characterised. It has been hypothesised that measuring drug uptake into and clearance from the stratum corneum (SC) by tape-stripping allows estimation of a topical drug’s input function into the viable tissue. This study aimed to test this idea by determining the input of nicotine and lidocaine into the viable skin, following the application of commercialised transdermal patches to healthy human volunteers. The known input rates of these delivery systems were used to validate and assess the results from the tape-stripping protocol. The drug input rates from in vivo tape-stripping agreed well with the claimed delivery rates of the patches. The experimental approach was then used to determine the input of lidocaine from a marketed cream, a typical topical product for which the amount of drug absorbed has not been well-characterised. A significantly higher delivery of lidocaine from the cream than from the patch was found. The different input rates between drugs and formulations in vivo were confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively in vitro in conventional diffusion cells using dermatomed abdominal pig skin.
Muscle Tissue as a Surrogate for In Vitro Drug Release Testing of Parenteral Depot Microspheres
Authors: Kozak Jan , Rabiskova Miloslava , Lamprecht Alf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the importance of drug release testing of parenteral depot formulations, the current in vitro methods still require ameliorations in biorelevance. We have investigated here the use of muscle tissue components to better mimic the intramuscular administration. For convenient handling, muscle tissue was used in form of a freeze-dried powder, and a reproducible process of incorporation of tested microspheres to an assembly of muscle tissue of standardized dimensions was successfully developed. Microspheres were prepared from various grades of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or ethyl cellulose, entrapping flurbiprofen, lidocaine, or risperidone. The deposition of microspheres in the muscle tissue or addition of only isolated lipids into the medium accelerated the release rate of all model drugs from microspheres prepared from ester-terminated PLGA grades and ethyl cellulose, however, not from the acid-terminated PLGA grades. The addition of lipids into the release medium increased the solubility of all model drugs; nonetheless, also interactions of the lipids with the polymer matrix (ad- and absorption) might be responsible for the faster drug release. As the in vivo drug release from implants is also often faster than in simple buffers in vitro, these findings suggest that interactions with the tissue lipids may play an important role in these still unexplained observations.
Solar system and atomic stronger bounds on exotic dyonic matter and non-associative quantum mechanics
Authors: Addazi Andrea , Marcianò Antonino 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We derive stronger bounds on the magnetic monopole charge of the proton, and hence on non-associative quantum mechanics from measurements of the magnetic fields of the Earth, the Moon and Mars. Limits are several orders of magnitude stronger than the ones inferred from the hydrogen atomic levels, assuming that electrons do not retain a magnetic monopole charge. Conversely, we show how to estimate bounds on the magnetic charge of a proton correctly, when the magnetic monopole charge of the electron is taken into account.
Athermal jamming vs. glassy dynamics for particles with exponentially decaying repulsive pair interaction potentials with a cutoff
Authors: Wohlleben Nicolas , Schmiedeberg Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study athermal jamming as well as the thermal glassy dynamics in systems composed of spheres that interact according to repulsive interactions that exponentially decay as a function of distance. As usual, a cutoff is employed in the simulations. While the athermal jamming transition that is determined by trying to remove overlaps is found to depend on the arbitrary and therefore unphysical choice of the cutoff, we do not find any athermal jamming transition or crossover that only relies on the physical decay length. In contrast, the glassy dynamics mainly depends on the decay length. Our findings constitute another demonstration of the fact that the athermal jamming transition is not related to thermal glassy dynamics. In addition, we argue that interactions without sharp physical cutoff should be considered more often as a model system in jamming. The reevaluation of widely used theoretical approaches or methods of analysis in the field of jamming and the task to change them such that they do not depend on unphysical cutoffs will lead to deeper insights into the nature of athermal and thermal jamming.
k-core percolation on interdependent and interconnected multiplex networks
Authors: Zheng Kexian , Liu Ying , Wang Yang , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many real-world networks are coupled together to maintain their normal functions. Here we study the robustness of multiplex networks with interdependent and interconnected links under k -core percolation, where a node fails when it connects to less than k neighbors. By deriving the self-consistent equations, we solve the key quantities of interests such as the critical threshold and size of the giant component and validate the theoretical predictions by numerical simulations. We find a rich phase transition phenomenon as we tune the inter-layer coupling strength. Specifically speaking, in the ER-ER multiplex networks, with the increase of coupling strength, the size of the giant component in each layer first undergoes a first-order transition and then a second-order transition and finally a first-order transition. This is due to the nature of inter-layer links with both connectivity and dependency. The system is more robust if the dependency on the initially robust network is strong and more vulnerable if the dependency on the initial attacked network is strong. These effects are even amplified in the cascading process. When applying our model to the SF-SF multiplex networks, the type of transition changes. The system undergoes a first-order phase transition first only when the two layers' mutually coupling is very strong and a second-order transition in all other conditions.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Focus on Cerebral and Renal Calcifications
Authors: Mazoni Laura , Apicella Matteo , Saponaro Federica , Mantovani Giovanna , Elli Francesca M , Borsari Simona , Pardi Elena , Piaggi Paolo , Marcocci Claudio , Cetani Filomena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a group of disorders characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as a result of end-organ resistance to PTH.

Objective
To describe a cohort of 26 patients with PHP followed in a single tertiary center.

Methods
Clinical, biochemical, radiological, and genetic analysis of the GNAS gene in 26 patients recruited since 2002.

Results
Ten patients harbored a GNAS mutation, 15 epigenetic abnormalities at the GNAS locus, and 1 did not show genetic or epigenetic abnormalities. According to clinical, biochemical, and genetic features, patients were classified as PHP1A, PHP1B, and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Patients with PHP1A had an earlier diagnosis and more cases with family history, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) features, hormonal resistance, and hypertension. Obesity was a common feature. No difference in biochemical values was present among PHP1A and PHP1B. Intracerebral calcification occurred in 72% of patients with no difference among PHP1A and PHP1B subgroups. No significant difference was observed between patients with and without intracerebral calcification for the time-weighted average values of total serum calcium, phosphate, calcium–phosphate product, and PTH fold increase. A borderline association between cerebral calcification and age at the time of diagnosis (P = .04) was found in the whole cohort of patients. No renal calcifications were found in the overall cohort.

Conclusion
Patients with PHP1A more frequently have AHO features as well as hypertension than patients with PHP1B. Patients with PHP presented a high rate of intracerebral calcification with no significant difference between subgroups. No increased risk of renal calcifications was also found in the entire cohort.
In a Viral Conjuncture
Authors: Morley David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article offers a conjunctural analysis of the various factors that must be taken into account to explain the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. It offers an interdisciplinary perspective on questions of how virtual and material geographies are enmeshed, paying particular attention to the continuing importance of transport infrastructures. The key concerns are with the politics of differential power over—and access to—mobility, in both its actual and virtual modalities. The COVID-19 crisis is argued to have functioned both as a mode of amplification of many preexisting forms of inequality and as a powerful solvent of the unexamined presumptions of the dominant discourse of globalization.
Trump, Authoritarian Populism, and COVID-19 from a US Perspective
Authors: Kellner Douglas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article engages the contemporary crises of health, the economy, and democracy in the United States during the era of Trump and the COVID-19 pandemic. The author begins with a discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic and Trump's chaotic and inept responses. The author follows with a discussion of Trump and authoritarian populism, arguing that Trump's floundering fortunes in the context of a hotly contested 2020 presidential campaign triggered his chaotic and contradictory responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, producing a crisis of democracy.
Life, Death, and the Living Dead in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Der Derian James , Gara Phillip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIs COVID-19 our first global zombie event? The question leads to others that fall outside the decorum of official discourse, possibly because the answers reach beyond the pale of the state. Unable to understand the nature of the threat, national leaders failed early and caught on late to the need for a globally coordinated response. Coupled with a deep resistance by states to the alienation of any degree of sovereignty to international institutions, the prospect of a global solution to the zombie question remains elusive. This essay offers an interpandemic response to the novel coronavirus that cuts across borders and against the grain. The first is transnational, to identify from the parallax view of Sydney and Los Angeles emergent risks that defy single-state fixes. The second is transhistorical, to counter efforts by China and the United States to subsume a human security crisis into the narrative of an eternal Cold War. The third is transmedial, to acquire new political and cultural perspectives on the pandemic through the zombie cinematic genre, including our documentary film, Project Z: The Final Global Event. A zombie inquiry can help us understand how COVID-19 is both disease and potential cure of late and rising empires.
Žižek's Pandemic
Authors: Featherstone Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the first part of this article on Žižek's recent book Pandemic! I show how he develops a political theology of the spirit through a discussion of social distancing. In this argument Žižek connects the idea of physical distance to the biblical story of the resurrection, in which Jesus says to Mary Magdalene “noli me tangere” (“touch me not”), in order to imagine the emergence of a community of spirit from the social, political, and economic ruin caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Contrasting this community of spirit to the Chinese Communist Party's Foucauldian response to the outbreak of the virus, Žižek suggests a turn away from Prometheanism and the logic of domination toward a new posthuman humanitarianism based on a recognition of human weakness, vulnerability, and fragility. In Žižek's view, this turn toward a new form of humility would emerge from the final disenchantment of the spirit of capitalism and a recognition of the difference between human work, which contributes to a meaningful world, and bestial labor that dehumanizes and means nothing. Thus, the article shows how Žižek thinks about the pandemic in terms of a crisis of late capitalism and the possibility of a new spirit of communism. While the presexual nonlife of the virus is comparable to the drive of capitalism in respect of its unthinking will to replication and reproduction, Žižek founds the basis of humanity in our (human) mortality and being toward death that open out onto a new horizon of releasement (Gelassenheit) beyond biotechnoeconomic nihilism. The conclusion of the article, therefore, shows how Žižek imagines that the pandemic presents humanity with an existential choice about the way we organize social life. This choice is between the biopolitical domination of Chinese authoritarianism that seeks to control every aspect of life, American disaster capitalism that accepts the brutality of the state of nature, and finally Žižek's utopian spirit of communism based on a recognition of human and planetary finitude.
Virus Is Other People
Authors: Goh Irving 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While we disavow or renounce the virus that is ourselves in viral cultures such as a pandemic or systemic racism, we envy the viral force of others who are trending on social media. In viral cultures, we tend to think that virus is other people, forgetting our own viral potential or threat. In any case, all viral cultures make us sick; if not, we make one another sick. And when a vaccine is not available, rest is all we have at our disposal. We also tend to forget or belittle this rest. To break from viral cultures, then, this intervention calls for a general pause in human activity, which must include thinking, and which, if ever possible, would take place in common among all humans.
aDolescents gEnder surVey, rEsponsible coupLes evaluatiOn, and capacity building Project in India (DEVELOP): a study protocol
Authors: Ahankari Anand , Hayter Mark , Whitfield Clare , Ali Parveen , Giridhari Sneha , Tambe Shruti , Kabra Pratyush , Rayamane Kranti , Ovseiko Pavel 
Published: March 2021

Domestic violence and assault (DVA) against women is a serious concern in India. This affects the health and wellbeing of victims and their dependents. Published evidence has documented a variety of reasons for such violence in Indian societies, paving a pathway to design, implement, and evaluate intervention models to address this issue. DEVELOP is a research study designed by UK and Indian research teams to plan future projects to address gender-based discrimination and DVA against women and girls in India. This study protocol provides detailed information on the objectives, research methods, data collection, storage, analysis, and dissemination plans of the DEVELOP phase 1 work (2018-19). The first component is a survey of adolescent boys and girls from rural areas of the Maharashtra state of India to understand their gender equality related knowledge and beliefs. The insight gathered will be used to design interventions targeted at adolescent populations through future research and development programmes. Secondly, an evaluation of the ‘Responsible Couples’ project will be conducted to assess its success and challenges, and to inform future programme activities and strategy. The ‘Responsible Couples’ project is implemented in 40 villages of Maharashtra state to improve relationships in married couples, prevent violence against women, intervene during violence, and to provide support services for women and their family members. Research findings will be disseminated though public engagement events in India, international conferences, and peer reviewed publications. Secondly, our two key partners (SWISSAID and HMF) will benefit from such evidence to inform their on-going as well as forthcoming projects on gender equality in India. Research findings will be also useful for local government authorities and non-government agencies striving to advance gender equality.