bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of graphene wool doped with oleylamine-capped silver nanoparticles (GW-αAgNPs) for water treatment applications
Authors: Adeola Adedapo O. , Kubheka Gugu , Chirwa Evans M. N. , Forbes Patricia B. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe facile synthesis of graphene wool doped with oleylamine-capped silver nanoparticles (GW-αAgNP) was achieved in this study. The effect of concentration, pH, temperature and natural organic matter (NOM) on the adsorption of a human carcinogen (benzo(a)pyrene, BaP) was evaluated using the doped graphene wool adsorbent. Furthermore, the antibacterial potential of GW-αAgNP against selected drug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains was evaluated. Isotherm data revealed that adsorption of BaP by GW-αAgNP was best described by a multilayer adsorption mechanism predicted by Freundlich model with least ERRSQ < 0.79. The doping of graphene wool with hydrophobic AgNPs coated with functional moieties significantly increased the maximum adsorption capacity of GW-αAgNP over GW based on the qmax and qm predicted by Langmuir and Sips models. π-π interactions contributed to sorbent-sorbate interaction, due to the presence of delocalized electrons. GW-αAgNP-BaP interaction is a spontaneous exothermic process (negative $$\Delta H^\circ$$

Δ

H
∘

and $$\Delta G)$$

Δ
G
)

, with better removal efficiency in the absence of natural organic matter (NOM). While GW is more feasible with higher maximum adsorption capacity (qm) at elevated temperatures, GW-αAgNP adsorption capacity and efficiency is best at ambient temperature, in the absence of natural organic matter (NOM), and preferable in terms of energy demands and process economics. GW-αAgNP significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis strains, at 1000 mg/L dosage in preliminary tests, which provides the rationale for future evaluation of this hybrid material as a smart solution to chemical and microbiological water pollution.
Irrigation water management for sustainable cultivation of date palm
Authors: Dhaouadi Latifa , Besser Houda , Karbout Nissaf , Al-Omran Abdulrasoul , Wassar Fatma , Wahba Mohamed Shahata , Yaohu Kang , Hamed Younes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGiven the aesthetic, cultural, ecological, and economic value of the date agro-system in Southwestern Tunisia, different management and conservation strategies have been warrantee to optimize land productivity sustainably. However, the inefficiency of the adopted management actions resulted in a continuous loss of soil fertility and decreasing fruit quality. Thus, the present paper attempts to evaluate accurately the evolution of the principal factors influencing date palm production and agricultural activities sustainability in the region. Integrated approaches of various irrigation water quality indices and geostatistical analysis coupled with field investigation and farming survey were applied to evaluate the evolution of key parameters influencing the development of date palm sustainably. The obtained results of the research indicate that the progressive land degradation is due to the effects of poorquality of water used for irrigation (EC between 674.4 and 5450 µs/cm, SAR exceeding locally 20 and about 80% of all the samples waters are of undoubtful quality according to the calculated indices), inappropriate irrigation scheduling (physiologic drought that might reach 3 months), traditional basin irrigation technique (decreasing of yield productivity, locally of 0.23, 0.23 and 0.25 kg m−3), an indigenous knowledge (sandy amendment, biologic compost, gravity improved irrigation…..). Also climate variability has leaded to furthermore degradation of crop quality. The degradation of date palm culture will be a great challenge for environmental conservation, food security and socio-economic values of the region unless a reasonable management take place, a flexible strategy based on indigenous knowledge of landowner, and scientific-based outlines with climate risks evaluation. The present paper might be useful to policy makers as a multi-disciplinary research covering most of the important aspects of date palm production.
Race and AI: the Diversity Dilemma
Authors: Cave Stephen , Dihal Kanta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis commentary is a response to ‘More than Skin Deep’ by Shelley M. Park (Park, More than skin deep: A response to “The Whiteness of AI”, Philosophy & Technology, 2021), and a development of our own 2020 paper ‘The Whiteness of AI’. We aim to explain how representations of AI can be varied in one sense, whilst not being diverse. We argue that Whiteness’s claim to universal humanity permits a broad range of roles to White humans and White-presenting machines, whilst assigning a much narrower range of stereotypical roles to people of colour. Because the attributes of AI in the popular imagination, such as intelligence, power and passing as human, are associated by the White racial frame with Whiteness, AI is cast predominantly as White. Following Sparrow (Science, Technology, & Human Values 45:538–560, 2020), we suggest this presents a dilemma for those creating or representing AI. We discuss three possible solutions: avoiding anthropomorphisation, explicitly critiquing racial role-typing, and representing powerful AI as non-White.
Fetal Oropharyngeal Teratoma: A Case Report
Authors: Mukherjee Arkajyoti , Kundu Shreyasi , Mukherjee Kanchan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOropharyngeal teratomas are extremely rare fetal tumors and originate from pluripotent stem cells. The tumor typically arises from the palato-pharyngeal region around the basishenoid. These tumors are heterogenous in nature. The reported case was diagnosed at 20 weeks gestation. Ultrasound revealed a heterogenous, lobulated facial mass protruded
from the oral cavity without any hypervascularity or intracranial extension. There was no evidence of polyhydromnios. After counseling, the parents opted for termination of pregnancy. Histopathological examination from the exophytic mass was consistent with immature teratoma containing components of all three germ cell layers. Genetic testing and fetal autopsy could not be arranged due to financial and infrastructural constraints.
‘Beyond’ Human Enhancement — Taking the Developing Country’s Perspective Seriously
Authors: Sachdev Vorathep 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBioethicists and philosophers dominate the on-going debate on human enhancement. They have debated the definition of human enhancement as well as the potential impacts of human enhancement technologies (such as pharmaceutical enhancements or pre-natal selection). These discussions have percolated, through bioethics bodies and bioethics recommendations, policy makers and have eventually been translated into policy. While some suggestions have been based largely in Western liberal democracies, others have deliberated the geopolitical consequences of human enhancement technologies. This paper argues that the present debate currently lacks perspectives from developing countries. It begins by introducing the current debate on human enhancement and recognizes Allen Buchanan’s well-raised concerns on how these technologies may potentially cause new injustices for low- and middle-income countries (‘developing countries’). It then provides two arguments calling for further research into human enhancement from the perspective of developing countries. First, this paper will argue that the current frames with which enhancement technologies are viewed are inherently neoliberal and require change. The second argument shows how the potential impacts of human enhancement technologies in developing countries have not been fully realized by analyzing how human enhancement technologies will impact Thailand, a developing country.
Factoring ethics in management algorithms for municipal information-analytical systems
Authors: Sergei Kamolov , Alexander Kriebitz , Polina Eliseeva , Nikita Aleksandrov 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe discourse on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated a plethora of different conventions, principles and guidelines outlining an ethical perspective on the use and research of AI. However, when it comes to breaking down general implications to specific use cases, existent frameworks have been remaining vague. The following paper aims to fill this gap by examining the ethical implications of the use of information analytical systems through a management approach for filtering the content in social media and preventing information thrusts with negative consequences for human beings and public administration. The ethical dimensions of AI technologies are revealed through deduction of general challenges of digital governance to applied level management technics.
Comorbidity Prevalence and Impact on Quality of Life in Gay and Bisexual Men Following Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Haggart Ryan , Polter Elizabeth , Ross Michael , Kohli Nidhi , Konety Badrinath R. , Mitteldorf Darryl , West William , Rosser B.R.Simon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Studies have demonstrated worse health related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes in gay and bisexual men (GBM) following prostate cancer treatment compared to heterosexual men potentially due to differences in comorbidity burden.

Aim
To establish the prevalence of comorbidities and their association with HRQOL metrics in GBM following prostate cancer treatment.

Methods
We evaluated HRQOL and prevalence of comorbidities in 193 GBM from the United States and Canada in a cross-sectional, online survey: the Masked for Review. HRQOL was measured with the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12).

Main Outcome Measures
Our outcomes included comorbidity prevalence, mean differences for HRQOL scores by comorbidity status, and mean differences for HRQOL by comorbidity count.

Results
GBM were found to have a higher prevalence of blood vessel disease and mental health disorders but lower prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes when compared to published data in general prostate cancer populations. Statistically significant reductions in HRQOL metrics were associated with mental health diagnoses, diabetes, and obesity. Increased number of comorbidities was also associated with reductions in HRQOL metrics in nearly all categories.

Conclusion
These results suggest that the worse QOL outcomes in GBM following prostate cancer treatment may be due to differences in comorbidity burden. This study is the first to evaluate the relationship between comorbidities and HRQOL outcomes in GBM. Limitations of this study include a small sample size and cross-sectional study design. If confirmed in larger, longitudinal, clinically confirmed studies, these findings indicate a need to intervene on and consider comorbidities in GBM diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Water Residence Time and Temperature Drive the Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Alpine Lakes in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Du YingXun , Chen FeiZhou , Xiao Kang , Song ChunQiao , He Hu , Zhang QiaoYing , Zhou YongQiang , Jang Kyoung‐Soon , Zhang YiBo , Xing Peng , Liu ZhengWen , Zhang YunLin , Lu YueHan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLakes are hotspots of dissolved organic matter (DOM) degradation and play an active role in carbon cycles. Alpine lakes are under the most immediate impacts of climate change and act as sentinels of alpine ecosystem’s response to global warming, yet the primary environmental drivers of DOM variability in alpine lakes remain unidentified. Here, we sampled and analyzed DOM from 25 alpine lakes (>4,000 m above mean sea level) across the Tibetan Plateau. We found that the water residence time (WRT) of lakes and mean annual temperature (MAT) accounted for 30%–59% of the variance in the abundance of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and fluorescent DOM (FDOM). Both CDOM and FDOM decreased with increasing WRT and MAT. Molecular‐level analysis of selected DOM samples showed that a higher WRT corresponded to DOM with lower molecular intensities, lower proportions of aromatics, lower oxidized compounds, and higher proportions of reduced and nitrogen‐containing compounds. These results indicate that in‐lake DOM processing dominated the regional variability of CDOM and FDOM. Under the scenario of climate warming and lake enlargement due to increasing precipitation and glacier melting, increased amount of DOM could be processed and removed from Tibetan lakes. Our findings are the first that identified WRT as a significant predictor of the amount of various DOM pools in Tibetan lakes and this observation may be broadly applicable to alpine lakes since they share similar DOM source‐sink characteristics. The simple empirical models (DOM vs. WRT + MAT) established here can be integrated into more sophisticated numerical models in predicting changes in the carbon cycle of alpine lakes.
Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Compound Flooding in Coastal River Areas
Authors: Bermúdez M. , Farfán J. F. , Willems P. , Cea L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlood assessment in coastal river areas is subject to complex dependencies and interactions between flood drivers. In addition, coastal areas are especially vulnerable to climate change, and thus its effects should be considered in the evaluation of future flood hazard. In the present study, we propose a methodology for a robust evaluation of historical and future flooding in coastal river areas. It follows a continuous simulation approach in which a hydrologic‐hydraulic modeling cascade is run for several years, driven by a simultaneous series of flood drivers. The method differs from other existing methodologies in: (a) jointly considering the relevant flood drivers, both coastal and inland, together with their dependencies and interactions, to represent the simultaneous occurrence of extreme water levels correctly, and (b) obtaining local‐scale physically consistent projections of flood drivers to account for future climate change effects on compound flood hazard. The methodology is tested for a coastal river reach in NW Spain. The results show that, although mean sea level rise is usually expected to be the main driver of increased flood hazard, climate change effects on river discharge can play a very significant role in regions with compound flooding potential.
Viscous Behavior of Clay‐Rich Rocks and Its Role in Focused Fluid Flow
Authors: Yarushina Viktoriya M. , Makhnenko Roman Y. , Podladchikov Yuri Y. , Wang L. Hongliang , Räss Ludovic 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFocused fluid flow is common in sedimentary basins worldwide, where flow structures often penetrate through sandy reservoir rocks, and clay‐rich caprocks. To better understand the mechanisms forming such structures, the impacts of the viscoelastic deformation and strongly nonlinear porosity‐dependent permeability of clay‐rich materials are assessed from an experimental and numerical modeling perspective. The experimental methods to measure the poroviscoelastic and transport properties of intact and remolded shale have been developed, and the experimental data is used to constrain the numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that viscoelastic deformation combined with nonlinear porosity‐dependent permeability triggers the development of localized flow channels, often imaged as seismic chimneys. The permeability inside a channel increases by several orders of magnitude compared to the background values. In addition, the propagation time scale and the channel size strongly depend on the material properties of the fluid and the rock. The time‐dependent behavior of the clay‐rich rock may play a key role in the long‐term integrity of the subsurface formations.
Formation of Pyrite Spherules From Mixtures of Biogenic FeS and Organic Compounds During Experimental Diagenesis
Authors: Duverger Arnaud , Bernard Sylvain , Viennet Jean‐Christophe , Miot Jennyfer , Busigny Vincent 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPyrite () is the most common iron sulfide on the Earth's surface and has widely been used as a paleo‐environmental proxy. Yet the information recorded by pyrite depends on whether it was formed through abiotic or biogenic routes. It is thus of importance to properly identify its origin. Here, we investigate the final morphology of pyrite produced upon a simulated diagenetic history from biogenic and abiotic iron sulfide/phosphate systems. Abiotic starting material obtained by chemical synthesis and biogenic starting material produced from pure culture of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans were submitted to increasing diagenetic conditions (75°C or 150°C from 1 to 10 days). Mineralogical products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy. For both biogenic and abiotic starting materials, the final state was characterized by the association of pyrite and lipscombite (), the most stable phases in these conditions. Intermediate phases such as greigite for iron sulfides and beraunite/wolfeite for iron phosphates were present in the abiotic residue but were not detected in the biogenic residue. Distinct pyrite morphologies were observed depending on the presence of organic matter. Indeed, while abiotic starting material led to the formation of submicrometric single crystals of pyrite with euhedral shapes similar to the subunits of well crystallized framboids, biogenic starting material produced micrometric spherulitic clusters of pyrite resembling the so‐called pseudo‐framboids. Although further experiments are required to ensure that it can be used as biosignatures, such specific morphologies, likely related to the presence of organic matter, may help recognizing biogenic pyrite in the geological record.
Influence of Magnetofossils on Paleointensity Estimations Inferred From Principal Component Analyses of First‐Order Reversal Curve Diagrams for Sediments From the Western Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Inoue Kosuke , Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Usui Yoichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRelative abundance of magnetite originated from magnetotactic bacteria (magnetofossils) in sediments may influence relative paleointensity (RPI) estimations of the geomagnetic field, as some studies reported an inverse correlation between RPI and the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization susceptibility to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (kARM/SIRM), a proxy of the proportion of biogenic to terrigenous magnetic minerals as well as magnetic grain size. This study aims to evaluate the influence of magnetofossils on RPI estimations more selectively using first‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams. We studied three cores (KR0515‐PC4, MD982187, and MR1402‐PC1) from the western equatorial Pacific, among which large differences exist in the average natural remanent magnetization intensity normalized by ARM and kARM/SIRM. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were applied to FORC diagrams measured on bulk specimens from the three cores and silicate‐hosted magnetic inclusions extracted from Core MD982187, and three endmembers (EMs) were revealed (EM1: silicate‐hosted magnetic inclusions, EM2: other terrigenous, EM3: biogenic). EM3 proportions vary widely among the three cores. The average RPI decreases with increasing EM3 proportion, which is probably caused by higher ARM acquisition efficiency of magnetofossils due to small magnetostatic interactions. EM3 proportion correlates with kARM/SIRM, which confirms that kARM/SIRM represents the proportion of biogenic to terrigenous magnetic components. Core MR1402‐PC1 has the highest EM3 proportion, and its within‐core variation is small. From FORC‐PCA applied solely to this core, we infer that the configurations of biogenic magnetite chains such as bending and collapse may also influence kARM/SIRM and RPI estimations.
Evidence of Cascading Subglacial Water Flow at Jutulstraumen Glacier (Antarctica) Derived From Sentinel‐1 and ICESat‐2 Measurements
Authors: Neckel Niklas , Franke Steven , Helm Veit , Drews Reinhard , Jansen Daniela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMigration of subglacial water underneath thick Antarctic ice is difficult to observe directly but is known to influence ice flow dynamics. Here, we analyze a 6‐year time series of displacement maps from differential Sentinel‐1 SAR interferometry (DInSAR) in the upstream region of Jutulstraumen Glacier. Our results reveal short‐term (between 12 days and 1 year) interconnected subsidence‐ and uplift events of the ice surface, which we interpret as a pressure response to the drainage and filling of subglacial lakes. This indicates an episodic cascade‐like water transport with longer quiescent phases in a dynamically stable glacial setting. Abrupt events appear in the DInSAR time series and are confirmed by ICESat‐2 altimetry. The events can be traced for a 1‐year period along a 175 km flow path. We are able to observe the migration of subglacial water with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, providing a new observational baseline to further develop subglacial hydrological models.
Short‐Term and Global‐Wide Effusive Volcanism on Mercury Around 3.7 Ga
Authors: Wang Yichen , Xiao Zhiyong , Chang Yiren , Xu Rui , Cui Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPatches of small smooth plains cover a substantial portion of the Mercurian surface, but their origin and relation to the global evolution are not completely understood. Here, we update the global inventory of small smooth plains on Mercury, classifying their spatial distribution, absolute model ages, and possible origins. We reveal that both large and small smooth plains on Mercury were dominantly emplaced within ∼200 million years around 3.7 Ga, and at least ∼24.9% of the global surface was resurfaced during this period. Small smooth plains formed by effusive volcanism are preferentially located around the contemporaneous Caloris, Rembrandt, and Beethoven basins and at thin crust areas. We also report small smooth plains that were likely emplaced by basin ejecta. Together with the distribution of similarly aged large smooth plains, our results reveal that peaked formation of large impact basins may be a major trigger for this short‐term and global‐wide volcanism.
Atmospheric River Response to Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Ma Weiming , Chen Gang , Peings Yannick , Alviz Noah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe atmospheric river (AR) response to Arctic sea ice loss in the Northern hemisphere winter is investigated using simulations from the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project. Results have shown that the midlatitude responses are dominated by dynamic effects. Poleward of around , the dynamic and thermodynamic effects cancel each other, resulting in relatively small responses. The response uncertainty can be characterized by leading uncertainty modes, with the responses over the Pacific and Atlantic projecting onto the northeastward extension and equatorward shift mode, respectively. In addition, the responses seem to be mean state‐dependent: under the same forcing, models with more poleward‐located climatological ARs tend to show stronger equatorward shifts over the Atlantic; over the Pacific, models with more westward‐located climatological AR core tend to show stronger northeastward extensions. These relationships highlight the importance of improving the AR climatology representation on reducing the response uncertainty to Arctic sea ice loss.