bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing (In)Justice in the Interplay of Urbanisation and Transport: The Case of Agrarian Extractivism in the Region of Urabá in Colombia
Authors: Toro López Maritza , Van den Broeck Pieter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInfrastructural design, transport and mobility policies are strong instruments for interpreting historical urban and regional transformation processes. The paper addresses the intercausalities between both of them. To do so, it briefly sketches debates on the causalities of transport infrastructure and urbanisation and the theory of technological politics, drawing attention to the relationship between transport infrastructure and politics, and how infrastructures and their techno-political frames include means of power and authority. From there, the paper moves to the debate on the relationship between social justice and transport, showing how transport systems embody social processes and social (in)injustice. The history of agrarian extractivism in the region of Urabá in Colombia serves as a case study. The paper shows how existing transport networks of the region of Urabá have supported the expansion of agrarian extractivist industries and more specifically the production of transport (in)justice. It explores the development of the infrastructural network, transport systems and urbanisation of this region from the early 1900s onwards. Results show how the actual agrarian extractivist industries of the region are causing huge challenges related to the overlapping of transport scales, congestion and risks of accidents in urban areas, and how actual transport dynamics in the region are affecting urban development, generating a high segregation characterised by uneven distributions of public services and transport infrastructures. The paper reveals that the existing transport developments in the region of Urabá have no support for local development and are mainly thought for the efficiency of agrarian extractivist industries over local economic development. Agrarian extractivism has been a consistent factor in the economic, political and social spheres, and since colonial times the appropriation of natural resources and the dispossession of territories has been omnipresent. This paper explores the historical role of transport in agrarian extractivism, the long-term impact of the prolongation of old mechanisms, and the interrelations of the latter with current urbanisation and development. It concludes that infrastructural developments in this region have supported agrarian extractivist industries, first in colonial times, but also more recently, showing the deep embeddedness of the relation between mobility and urbanity in the (agrarian extractivist) development history of this region.
Analisis Cemaran Kapang/Khamir Pada Serbuk Simplisia Obat Tradisional
Authors: Dewi Resmila , RM Nur 
Published: July 2021

Obat tradisional sangat bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, dan kini digencarkan penggunaannya karena lebih mudah dijangkau. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah berupa bahan tumbuhan, bahan hewan, bahan mineral atau campuran dari bahan tersebut. Bagian tanaman yang biasa digunakan berupa akar, rimpang, batang, buah, daun, bunga, dan kulit kayu. Bahan-bahan tersebut digunakan dalam bentuk segar atau kering (simplisia). Penyimpanan simplisia pada kondisi yang tidak terkontrol dengan baik akan menyebabkan hadirnya berbagai jenis mikroorganisme terutama kapang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat cemaran kapang/khamir pada simplisia tanaman obat tradisional. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah simplisia rimpang kunyit, rimpang temulawak, rimpang jahe, daun sambiloto, dan buah mahkota dewa. Simplisia diperoleh dari lima pedagang di Pasar Tradisional Aceh. Pengujian cemaran kapang dari sampel menggunakan teknik cawan agar sebar (spread plate method) pada media PDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AKK simplisia rimpang kunyit 46—120 koloni/gram, rimpang temulawak 50—96 koloni/gram, rimpang jahe 23—43 koloni/gram, daun sambiloto 46—100 koloni/gram, dan buah mahkota dewa 43—83 koloni/gram. Angka kapang/khamir ini kurang dari yang ditetapkan oleh BPOM (?104 koloni/g).
Aktivitas Antimikroba Dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Daun Tembelekan (Lantana camara L.)
Authors: Wahyuningrum Retno , E Genatrika , IN Pahalawati 
Published: July 2021

Lantana camara is a medicinal plant belongs to family Verbenaceae. It is widely used as traditional medicine for treating various health problems. But there has been no report about potential activity of L. camara that grow in Indonesia and its fractions. The aim of this research were to investigate the antimicrobial activity of extract and its fractions of L. camara leaves in against . Extract was prepared by maceration in ethanol (96%) then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using agar difussion method and antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. Concentration of extract and fraction tested were 12,5 ?g/mL; 25 ?g/mL; 50 ?g/mL; and 100 ?g/mL. The result showed that extract and fraction of L. camara leaves exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), weak inhibition against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and and were not able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. The ethanolic extract of L. camara leaves and its fractions had antioxidant activity. DPPH radical scavenging assay showed the IC50 value of 8.95 ?g / mL for ethanolic extract.
INTEGRATING DIVERSITY OF USERS’ HUMAN FACTORS INTO A CORNERSTONE ENGINEERING DESIGN COURSE
Authors: Attard Erica , Greig Michael A. , Neumann W. Patrick , Salustri Filippo A. 
Published: July 2021

The instructors of the undergraduate cornerstone design course in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Ryerson University aim to integrate diversity and inclusion into students’ design education. Our goal is to provide resources that students can use to understand human capabilities and limitations, so their designs are better suited to a wide range of users. The project was broken down in four phases: Phase 1 consisted of scoping deliverables and background research; Phase 2 included courseware development; Phase 3 employed the courseware into the Fall 2019 offering of our cornerstone design course; and Phase 4 reviewed and analysed student’s work to determine the efficacy of the courseware. To initiate this effort, we focused on three Human Factors: vision, hearing, and strength. We created a process whereby students could assess these Factors quantitatively for specific interactions and use the assessments to justify specific functional requirements and constraints of theirown designs.
UNDERSTANDING MENTOR NEEDS IN ONLINE ENGINEERING OUTREACH
Authors: Dornian Katherine , Moshirpour Dr. Mohammad , Behjat Dr. Laleh 
Published: July 2021

Mentoring in engineering outreach is being adopted more and more by university programs that aim toincrease diversity in their school. It is fair to say that mentoring can be a useful tool to do this, but not always.Mentor training can help improve program outcomes (attendance, engagement, retention). In this study, we look at one case of a virtual engineering outreach program, find the challenges, and make recommendations for mentor training modules that could address challenges. In doing so, we believe that this sets a foundation for building training for many mentor-based virtual outreach programs in engineering.
Therapeutic Anticoagulation May Be Associated with Reduced 14-day Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Jenkins Randi , Sheth Sahil , Nestor Breanne , Mazer Adrien 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To assess the impact of therapeutic dose versus prophylactic dose anticoagulation regimens on outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of consecutive mechanically ventilated adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and initiated on anticoagulation from February 1st to May 31st, 2020. The primary endpoint was 14-day mortality. Secondary endpoints included 30-day mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), duration of mechanical ventilation, major bleeding, and new thromboembolic event.
Results: Of the 121 mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, 33 in the therapeutic-dose group and 34 patients in the prophylactic-dose group were included in the final analysis. The therapeutic-dose group had a decreased 14-day mortality compared to the prophylaxis dose group (9.1% vs 41.2%, p=0.004). In addition, 30-day mortality was also lower in the therapeutic anticoagulation group (24.2% vs. 52.9%, p=0.024). A longer hospital LOS (45.7 vs 26 days, p=0.003) and duration of mechanical ventilation (33.9 vs 13.3 days, p<0.001) were observed in patients on therapeutic anticoagulation in comparison to the prophylaxis dosing group. A higher rate of major bleeding was observed in patients who received therapeutic anticoagulation.
Conclusion: In this analysis of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in the ICU, therapeutic dose anticoagulation was associated with a significantly lower 14-day mortality, but increased bleeding.
Comparison of Drug Withdrawal Processes in the U.S. and Other Nations
Authors: Hinal Patel  , Wertheimer Albert , Ding Qian 
Published: July 2021

Medications have been withdrawn from as early as the 1900’s in several countries due to a variety of reasons. Most drugs have been withdrawn due to safety, efficacy, manufacturing issues, or the toxicities they address. While safety and efficacy of each new drug is taken into account, so is the process of drug withdrawal. Worldwide each country has its own medical agency which have different approaches on drug discovery and method of removal from the market. This removal process is simpler in several nations while more prolonged in others. Nevertheless, we still don’t know an effective method of drug removal from the market and therefore that is the focus of this paper.
This paper explores the drug withdrawal process in several countries due to hepatic and cardiovascular toxicities using the WITHDRAWN database. It also summarizes and compares the drug removal processes in the U.S., Australia, UK, EU, and Canada. Consequently, there was no data or evidence that supported one country more favorable or rapid than the other. However, based on the results from drug withdrawal processes, it appeared the U.S., UK, and EU were most comparable. Meanwhile, Australia appeared to have the lengthiest process.
The analysis of state programs in providing the availability of medical and pharmaceutical care to the population during the years of independence of Ukraine
Authors: Nemchenko A. S. , Liadenko A. V. 
Published: July 2021

Dissatisfaction of the population with the low availability of medical and pharmaceutical care, as well as significant expenses from the pockets of citizens for medical services and medicines in the absence of the state compulsory medical insurance, indicate the need for transformation of the healthcare system (HS) in Ukraine. The concept of availability implies not only a physical opportunity to receive a service, but also a financial guarantee that the service will be paid for by the state. A clear list and volume of medical services, as well as drugs paid for at the expense of the state budget are the guaranteed assistance to the patient, which he receives free of charge. In this regard, the urgent task of the competent authorities is to improve the methodological approaches to the formation of government programs and packages of medical services depending on the incidence rates, the needs of the population and the financial capabilities of the state; they require the analysis of the results of the implementation of these programs and substantiation of the necessary changes.
Aim. To analyze changes in methodological approaches regarding the formation of state programs related to medical and pharmaceutical care for the population and determine the main tasks for the availability of medical services and medicines.
Materials and methods. In the course of the study the regulatory legal acts and statistical data of the state budget for the period of independence of Ukraine, information from official sites, as well as methods of system analysis, such as systematization, generalization, statistical and analytical ones, were used.
Results. Based on the results of processing legislative documents in the form of regulatory legal acts and state budgets of Ukraine the main methodological changes having the impact on the availability of medical services and medicines for the population in the healthcare system (HS) were determined. The analysis and systematization of the data made it possible to form the main factors for improving the availability of medical services and medicines for the population and the efficiency of medical and pharmaceutical care. Further expansion of the “Affordable Medicines” program, monitoring of the current program of medical guarantees will allow assessing changes in health protection and identifying key tasks for the future.
Conclusions. The study conducted has made it possible to determine methodological changes in the availability of medical services and medicines for the population in state programs for the period of independence of Ukraine, as well as to form directions for further research using methods of assessing medical technologies.
The Altmetric Score Has a Stronger Relationship With Article Citations Than Journal Impact Factor and Open Access Status: A Cross-sectional Analysis of 4022 Sport Sciences Articles
Authors: Silva Danilo de Oliveira , Taborda Bianca , Pazzinatto Marcella F. , Ardern Clare L. , Barton Christian J. 
Published: July 2021

Objective To assess the relationship of individual article citations in the sport sciences field with (1) Journal Impact Factor, (2) each article's open access status, and (3) Altmetric score components. Design Cross-sectional. Methods We searched the Web of Science Journal Citation Reports database in the sport sciences category for the 20 journals with the highest 2-year Journal Impact Factor in 2018. We extracted the impact factor for each journal and each article's open access status (yes or no). Between September 2019 and February 2020, we obtained individual citations, Altmetric scores, and details of Altmetric components (eg, number of tweets, Facebook posts, etc) for each article published in 2017. Linear and multiple regression models were used to assess the relationship between the dependent variable (citation number) and the independent variables (article Altmetric score and open access status and Journal Impact Factor). Results Of the 4022 articles included, the total Altmetric score, Journal Impact Factor, and open access status respectively explained 32%, 14%, and 1% of the variance in article citations (when combined, the variables explained 40% of the variance in article citations). The number of tweets related to an article was the Altmetric component that explained the highest proportion of article citations (37%). Conclusion Altmetric scores in sport sciences journals have a stronger relationship with number of citations than Journal Impact Factor and open access status do. Twitter may be the best social media platform for promoting a research article. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(11):536–541. Epub 1 Jul 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10598
Green Route Synthesis of Bio-active Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes With ‘N’ Donor Novel Schiff base and Oxalate ion
Authors: Veeravel C  , Rajasekar K  , Balasubramanian S  , Selvarani R  
Published: July 2021

Green route synthesis of bio-active diamagnetic Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with Schiff base and oxalate ion were synthesized using water as a solvent and characterized by using electronic spectra (UV-visible), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectra and physical characterization such as CHN analysis, metal estimation and molar conductivity. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of ligand complex compared with Schiff base. The complexes have the general formula of ML2X (M= Cd(II) & Hg(II), L-C15H13N, X-C2O4 ) confirmed based on the results of elemental analysis, metal estimation and the reasonable shift of mass spectra, FT-IR and NMR spectral signals of the complexes compared with free Schiff base. The coordination of Schiff-base and anionic ligands through an inner-sphere coordination mode by imine nitrogen and the oxygen atom of oxalate ion. The conductivity measurements of metal complexes indicate that they are non-electrolyte. The Schiff base and its metal chelates were tested in-vitro bio-potential activity against bacterial strain such as E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and fungal strain viz., C Albicans, A. Niger by Agar disc diffusion method using chloramphenicol and fluconazole as bacterial and fungal standard. The results revealed that the metal (II) chelates exhibited higher antibacterial activity than the free Schiff base.
Ensino da escrita na alfabetização
Authors: Silva Magna do Carmo 
Published: July 2021

Analisamos a relação entre as práticas de alfabetização de uma professora, que acompanhou seus alunos do 1º ao 2º ano do ensino fundamental, e a evolução na aprendizagem das crianças quanto Ã escrita. Como procedimentos usamos: entrevista, observações de aula e a aplicação aos alunos de atividades de escrita de palavras e de produção de texto no final do 1º e 2º ano. A análise dos resultados apontou que a prática da professora, a atenção Ã heterogeneidade e a clareza quanto aos objetivos de ensino teria possibilitado a seus alunos do 1º ano concluírem o 2º ano produzindo textos coerentes e legíveis.
Arte e educação integral na concepção histórico-crítica
Authors: Amorim Rebeca , Ferri Cássia 
Published: July 2021

Em 1976, Saviani afirmava que era lícito indagar se a ênfase na habilitação profissional é compatível com a formação integral do adolescente. Quase meio século depois, as questões relacionadas Ã formação integral voltam ao centro das discussões com as recentes reformas curriculares. Conhecido por defender a perspectiva histórico-crítica, Dermeval Saviani ressignifica a concepção de formação integral fundamentando-se em aspectos filosóficos coerentes com as necessidades concretas de seu tempo. Nesta entrevista, com o intuito de esclarecer um equívoco publicado, que o aponta como contrário Ã existência do componente “Arte” no currículo escolar, o autor apresenta seu posicionamento sobre a relevância da Arte no currículo para a formação humana integral, entre outras considerações importantes sobre as atuais reformas curriculares.
Etnografia crítica na pesquisa em educação
Authors: Bourguignon de Lima Camila , Rocha Angelo Eduardo , Ayres Bourguignon Jussara 
Published: July 2021

Socializar reflexões sobre os elementos que compõe a Etnografia Crítica, enquanto metodologia de pesquisa, bem como os seus desafios é objetivo deste texto, que expõe entrevista realizada com o Professor Doutor Jefferson Mainardes, professor Associado do Departamento e do Programa de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). Pesquisador de expressão na área de educação apresenta uma trajetória profissional e acadêmica comprometida com a formação crítica de professores e com a pesquisa científica. A entrevista aponta o potencial da Etnografia Crítica no processo de formação de pesquisadores que buscam alternativas para desenvolver pesquisas organicamente vinculadas Ã s suas práticas profissionais no âmbito das políticas públicas. É neste espaço interventivo que a pesquisa pode ser recurso para garantir voz Ã cidadã e ao cidadão, que vivenciam em seu cotidiano múltiplas expressões da questão social.
Technical Development of Junior, Beginners, Advanced and Performers, Involving Proprioceptive Training, in the 110 M Hurdles
Authors: Ștefan Alecu , Ionescu-Bondoc Dragoș 
Published: July 2021

A component that we chose to analyze is the psychological one, highlighted by the coordinative capacities and the proprioceptive sensations that, within the sport training of the 110 m hurdles, we analyze through kinematic recordings and develop through individualized programs of proprioceptive exercises. The subjects were advised about the potential for error correction and the progress that can be achieved by repeated and continuous analysis of the mistakes made by them during the phases of the running of the hurdles, but also by an individualized proprioceptive training program, oriented to an impulse with a as sharp an angle as possible, a faster passage, grouped and balanced in the flight phase and a safe landing, oriented towards a forward projection of the CGM, to allow an optimal continuation of the running between the hurdles.
Studying dynamic changes in body mass and mass of internal organs in laboratory rats experimentally infected with bovine leukosis virus
Authors: Krasnikova E. S. , Radionov R. V. , Krasnikov A. V. , Svetozarova A. Yu. 
Published: July 2021

Enzootic bovine leukosis has been an urgent problem of veterinary medicine both in the Russian Federation and abroad for more than a hundred years. A number of aspects have been studied quite deeply; however, there are still areas that require additional research. These include the development of a fully adequate laboratory model for reproducing bovine leukosis virus (BLV) infection. Preliminary studies have established that BLV infection of laboratory rats is accompanied by clinical, morphological and biochemical changes in the blood, signs of immune suppression, impaired immunological reactivity of the body, and morphofunctional changes in the immunocompetent cells that correlate with bovine leukosis. In this regard, it is of interest to analyze disorders caused by these dysfunctions; the disorders are demonstrated by changed morphometric characteristics of both the body and individual organs. The aim of the research was to study dynamic changes in body mass and mass of internal organs in laboratory rats experimentally infected with BLV. There was a clear body mass increase in BLV-infected laboratory rats, then followed by a decrease down to negative numbers. The reverse trend was observed for such internal organs of the experimental animals as liver, spleen, kidneys and lungs. At first, their relative mass decreased to some extent, then increased with different dynamics in groups. The heart was the exception, as its relative mass decreased and did not increase until the end of the experiment. The data obtained correlate with those provided by a number of authors that the relative mass of various organs changes in the BLV infected animals because of proliferative, inflammatory, dystrophic and atrophic processes.