bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new model for collaboration — making emergency contraceptives available in developing countries
Authors: Senanayake P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPrivate/public‐sector collaboration in contraceptive research and development offers a fresh opportunity to consider a holistic approach to making emergency contraception (EC) available in developing countries. Emergency contraception has been available since the 1970s but has remained under‐utilized. Emergency contraception may be used by women who want to prevent a pregnancy and therefore has a specific use, in a specific situation. This paper highlights the distinct and reciprocal advantages of a collaborative approach between the Consortium for Emergency Contraception (the public sector) and a pharmaceutical company (the private sector), to the introduction of EC in developing countries. The importance of cultivating a public/private‐sector collaborative approach, which serves the interests of both parties concerned, in order to foster progress in this important initiative, is highlighted.
Beyond improved quality: the motivational effects of statistical process control
Authors: Rungtusanatham Manus 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe deployment of statistical process control (SPC) in manufacturing environments is a prominent global phenomenon. Managers have frequently justified investments in SPC by citing and/or demonstrating the improvements in quality and costs from the effective implementation and practice of SPC. This paper complements this rationalization by presenting conceptual arguments and empirical evidence to further our understanding of the motivational effects that result from the deployment of SPC within production environments. Several hypotheses derived from relating the deployment of SPC to process operators’ jobs and their affective reactions to work are tested using data provided by 100 process operators. The empirical results, generated from applying path analysis, suggest that the effective implementation and practice of SPC, in fact, would create more enriched jobs for process operators that lead to higher levels of work motivation and job satisfaction.
Degradation of the cartilage collagen matrix associated with changes in chondrocytes in osteoarthrosis. Assessment by loss of background fluorescence and immunodetection of matrix components
Authors: Gibson G. J. , Verner J. J. , Nelson F. R. T. , Lin D.‐L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractArticular cartilage damage and eventual loss is the primary pathological change seen in osteoarthrosis (OA). In this study we have investigated the link between turnover of the collagen matrix and changes in chondrocytes. The background fluorescence of articular cartilage, as indicated by its emission spectrum and resistance to extraction was generated by the slow non‐enzymic modification of the collagen matrix by advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Assessment of changes in background fluorescence in sections of articular cartilage provided a narrative of collagen degradation. Patients without OA pathology typically had a uniform strong background fluorescence throughout the depth of the cartilage. Cartilage from OA patients showed a range of changes in background fluorescence dependent on depth from the articular surface and proximity to overt lesions. Loss of background fluorescence was centered on chondrocytes, more extensive near the surface and associated with detection of the proteoglycan epitope 7D4. Expression of type X collagen was seen in articular cartilage in the region of the interface of with subchondral bone in most OA patients but was not associated with prominent, pericellular, loss of background fluorescence. These observations are consistent with progressive cartilage damage in OA, whereby collagen turnover and loss of surface integrity is associated with chondrocyte activity similar to that seen in immature articular cartilage. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Major symptoms and differential diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: three case reports
Authors: Védie C. , Poinso F. , Hemmi F. , Rivet B. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe authors describe the cases of three patients presenting a major extrapyramidal symptom with rising CPK, inconstant hyperthermia and autonomic dysfunction. Through a brief review of the literature, the authors question the unity of the malignant syndrome. If hypertonia is quite constant, the rise in the seric CPK is aspecific and hyperthermia is inconstant.
Early neurohormonal effects of trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and a recent acute myocardial infarction: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled multicentre study
Authors: Sigurdsson A. , Eriksson S.V. , Hall C. , Kahan T. , Swedberg K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAngiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors improve long‐term survival in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction, but their mechanism of action is not entirely clear. The neurohormonal effects may be important in this respect, as well as an early hemodynamic unloading induced by these drugs. The primary objective was to assess the effect of trandolapril on plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide. A secondary objective was to assess the effects of trandolapril on selected neurohormones, vasoactive peptides and enzymes, which may be important in the development of left ventricular remodeling and heart failure following an acute myocardial infarction. A total of 119 patients with an acute myocardial infarction and a wall motion index ≤1.2 (16‐segment echocardiographic model) were randomized to double blind treatment with trandolapril or placebo within 3–7 days after the onset of infarction. Blind treatment was discontinued 21 days after the index infarction. Venous blood samples were collected at rest, before randomization and on the day after treatment was discontinued. At the end of the study, there were no differences in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide between the two treatment groups. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity was suppressed and plasma renin activity was higher in the trandolapril group. No differences in plasma levels of N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, noradrenaline, adrenaline, vasopressin, big endothelin‐1 and neuropeptide Y were found between the two treatment groups. There were positive correlations between several markers of neurohormonal activation at baseline and variables expressing left ventricular dysfunction and clinical heart failure. Neurohormonal activation is related to left ventricular dysfunction. The effects of 2–3 weeks of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition on neurohormonal activation does not predict the already established beneficial long‐term effects after myocardial infarction. Thus, early modulation of circulatory neurohormone levels may not be a major mechanism for the efficacy of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors in these patients. Selected plasma hormone markers may still be used to identify patients who might get the greatest benefit from treatment.
Dopant Diffusion Equilibrium Overcoming Impurity Loss of Doped QDs for Multimode Anti‐Counterfeiting and Encryption
Authors: Bai Bing , Xu Meng , Li Jianzhong , Zhang Shuping , Qiao Chen , Liu Jiajia , Zhang Jiatao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh ion diffusivity of Cu+ dopants accelerates outdiffusion in quantum dots (QDs) at high temperatures. This kind of self‐purification gives rise to a sharp decrease in dopant photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Herein, a dopant diffusion equilibrium strategy is developed by introducing extra Cu+ in the epitaxial growth process. By preventing the loss of dopant Cu+, both the decrease of dopant PL and increase of band‐edge PL intensity are successfully suppressed. The coexistence of visible and invisible near‐infrared (NIR) PL bands for Cu‐doped CdSe@CdS QDs demonstrates their novel multimode anti‐counterfeiting/encryption potential. Via printing by combined using of intrinsic and doped QD “inks” with visible and invisible NIR emissions, respectively, the bulk‐sized patterns, texts, and numerals can achieve visible–invisible PL synergetic confidential information multimode anti‐counterfeiting and encryption.
Covalent Assembly of Two‐Dimensional COF‐on‐MXene Heterostructures Enables Fast Charging Lithium Hosts
Authors: Guo Dong , Ming FangWang , Shinde Digambar B. , Cao Li , Huang Gang , Li Chunyang , Li Zhen , Yuan Youyou , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Alshareef Husam N. , Lai Zhiping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract2D heterostructured materials combining ultrathin nanosheet morphology, defined pore configuration, and stable hybrid compositions, have attracted increasing attention for fast mass transport and charge transfer, which are highly desirable features for efficient energy storage. Here, the chemical space of 2D–2D heterostructures is extended by covalently assembling covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on MXene nanosheets. Unlike most COFs, which are generally produced as solid powders, ultrathin 2D COF‐LZU1 grows in situ on aminated Ti3C2Tx nanosheets with covalent bonding, producing a robust MXene@COF heterostructure with high crystallinity, hierarchical porosity, and conductive frameworks. When used as lithium hosts in Li metal batteries, lithium storage and charge transport are significantly improved. Both spectroelectrochemical and theoretical analyses demonstrate that lithiated COF channels are important as fast Li+ transport layers, by which Li ions can be precisely nucleated. This affords dendrite‐free and fast‐charging anodes, which would be difficult to achieve using individual components.
Bioengineered Dual‐Targeting Protein Nanocage for Stereoscopical Loading of Synergistic Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Drugs to Enhance Anticancer Efficacy
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Ruofei , Chen Xuehui , Sun Guoming , Zhou Meng , Han Qiubai , Zhang Baoli , Zhao Yue , Jiang Bing , Yang Yili , Yan Xiyun , Fan Kelong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA biocompatible and modifiable protein nanocarrier is a promising candidate for tumor targeted drug delivery. However, it is challenging to effectively load hydrophobic drugs, not to mention to upload both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs on one protein nanocarrier. Here, an amphiphilic multi‐drug loading protein nanocage (Am‐PNCage) is presented which is generated by replacing the fifth helix of human H‐ferritin (HFn) subunit with a functional motif composed of hydrophobic–hydrophilic‐RGD peptides. The Am‐PNCage possesses a dual targeting property resulting from the intrinsic CD71 targeting ability of HFn and the integrin α vβ3 targeting ability of displayed RGD peptides. Through the hydrophilic drug entry channel in the protein nanocage and hydrophobic peptides displayed on the outer surface, amphiphilic epirubicin (132)/camptothecin (50) are stereoscopically loaded into the inner cavity/outer protein shell, respectively, for one Am‐PNCage, exhibiting cascade drug release pattern. The dual‐targeted Am‐PNCage promotes the loaded drugs penetrating various 3D tumor models in vitro, as well as traversing the brain blood barrier and accumulating in brain tumors in vivo. Moreover, the drug loaded Am‐PNCage shows reduced side effects and significantly enhances synergistic efficacy against brain tumor, metastatic liver cancers, and drug resistant breast tumor. Thus, the Am‐PNCage represents a novel promising protein nanocarrier for targeted combination chemotherapy.
Giant Ferroelectric Resistance Switching Controlled by a Modulatory Terminal for Low‐Power Neuromorphic In‐Memory Computing
Authors: Xue Fei , He Xin , Wang Zhenyu , Retamal José Ramón Durán , Chai Zheng , Jing Lingling , Zhang Chenhui , Fang Hui , Chai Yang , Jiang Tao , Zhang Weidong , Alshareef Husam N. , Ji Zhigang , Li Lain‐Jong , He Jr‐Hau , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFerroelectrics have been demonstrated as excellent building blocks for high‐performance nonvolatile memories, including memristors, which play critical roles in the hardware implementation of artificial synapses and in‐memory computing. Here, it is reported that the emerging van der Waals ferroelectric α‐In2Se3 can be used to successfully implement heterosynaptic plasticity (a fundamental but rarely emulated synaptic form) and achieve a resistance‐switching ratio of heterosynaptic memristors above 103, which is two orders of magnitude larger than that in other similar devices. The polarization change of ferroelectric α‐In2Se3 channel is responsible for the resistance switching at various paired terminals. The third terminal of α‐In2Se3 memristors exhibits nonvolatile control over channel current at a picoampere level, endowing the devices with picojoule read‐energy consumption to emulate the associative heterosynaptic learning. The simulation proves that both supervised and unsupervised learning manners can be implemented in α‐In2Se3 neutral networks with high image recognition accuracy. Moreover, these heterosynaptic devices can naturally realize Boolean logic without an additional circuit component. The results suggest that van der Waals ferroelectrics hold great potential for applications in complex, energy‐efficient, brain‐inspired computing systems and logic‐in‐memory computers.
Ultrahigh‐Performance Solar‐Blind Photodetectors Based on High Quality Heteroepitaxial Single Crystalline β‐Ga2O3 Film Grown by Vacuumfree, Low‐Cost Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Xu Yu , Cheng Yaolin , Li Zhe , Chen Dazheng , Xu Shengrui , Feng Qian , Zhu Weidong , Zhang Yachao , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to the suitable bandgap, superior chemical and physical properties, the β‐phase gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) has the great potential to fabricate the deep ultraviolet solar‐blind photodetectors (DUV PDs). However, the low material quality, high material growth cost, and insufficient device performance, are urgently required to be solved for practical applications. In this work, by using a vacuumfree, low‐cost mist chemical vapor deposition method, the high quality β‐Ga2O3 single crystal films are successfully heteroepitaxially grown on (0001) sapphire substrates. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements identify the heteroepitaxial relationship with (01) β‐Ga2O3‖(0001) sapphire. At the optimal growth temperature of 800 °C, the film shows a high quality pure β‐Ga2O3 phase with the small full width at half maximum of 0.71°. Furthermore, the metal–semiconductor–metal DUV PDs are fabricated based on such single crystal β‐Ga2O3 films, which exhibit excellent photoelectric performance. A very high photoresponsivity 22 000 A W−1 under 254 nm light illumination, which corresponds to a quantum efficiency of 1.07 × 107% and a high detectivity of 1.1 × 1016 Jones, almost the highest ever reported. The low‐cost film heteroepitaxial growth method and the ultrahigh device performance pave an alternative way for the fabrication of high‐performance β‐Ga2O3 solar‐blind DUV PDs.
Manganese Catalyzed Enantioselective Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Amides with H2O2
Authors: Ottenbacher Roman V. , Kurganskiy Vladimir I. , Talsi Evgenii P. , Bryliakov Konstantin P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerewith, we report the enantioselective epoxidation of electron‐deficient cis‐ and trans‐α,β‐unsaturated amides with the environmentally benign oxidant H2O2. The catalysts ‐ manganese complexes with bis‐amino‐bis‐pyridine and structurally related ligands ‐ exhibit reasonably high efficiency (up to 100 TON) and excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivity (up to 100% and 99% ee, respectively). Crucially, the cis‐enamides epoxidation enantioselectivity and yield are dramatically enhanced by the presence of NH‐moiety, which effect can be explained by the hydrogen bonding interaction between the cis‐enamide substrate and the manganese based oxygen transferring species.magnified image
Enhanced Targeting and Immune Activation of Tumor Microenvironment by Nanomodified Anti‐PD1 in Liver Cancer
Authors: Ou Da‐Liang , Tseng S.‐Ja , Kempson Ivan M. , Hsu Chia‐Lang , Yang Pan‐Chyr , Liao Zi‐Xian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLiver cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, 75% of which are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Generally, chronic inflammation and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are steadily activated in HCC. Although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for use as a clinically advanced HCC treatment, their efficacy in the clinical setting is not satisfactory. Moreover, only a small fraction of antibody reaches the target via systemic circulation due to neutralization of antibodies and off‐target delivery. To enhance the localized effects of ICIs, iron oxide nanoparticles (≈10 nm) are conjugated with an antiprogrammed death‐1 (anti‐PD1) antibody and introduced the ironized antibodies into orthotopic HCC tumors via the systemic circulation. When mice are sacrificed 13 days after the final treatment, mice treated with ironized anti‐PD1 significantly regulate tumor‐infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), particularly amplifying T‐cell functions and recruiting M1 macrophages. More importantly, biochemical indices indicate that mice treated with ironized anti‐PD1 recover liver function. This work presents iron oxide nanoparticles integrated with an anti‐PD1 antibody that immunomodulates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to generate synergistic effects that achieve tumor inhibition and immune response activation in the context of HCC therapy.
Synergistic Activation of Antitumor Immunity by a Particulate Therapeutic Vaccine
Authors: Mai Junhua , Li Zhaoqi , Xia Xiaojun , Zhang Jingxin , Li Jun , Liu Haoran , Shen Jianliang , Ramirez Maricela , Li Feng , Li Zheng , Yokoi Kenji , Liu Xuewu , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Ferrari Mauro , Shen Haifa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSuccess in anticancer immune therapy relies on stimulation of tumor antigen‐specific T lymphocytes and effective infiltration of the T cells into tumor tissue. Here, a therapeutic vaccine that promotes proliferation and tumor infiltration of antigen‐specific T cells in both inflamed and noninflamed tumor types is described. The vaccine consists of STING agonist 2′3′‐cGAMP, TLR9 ligand CpG, and tumor antigen peptides that are loaded into nanoporous microparticles (μGCVax). μGCVax is effective in inhibiting lung metastatic melanoma, primary breast cancer, and subcutaneous colorectal cancer in their respective murine models, including functional cure of HER2‐positive breast cancer. Mechanistically, μGCVax potently stimulates type I interferon expression in dendritic cells, and promotes CD8+ and CD103+ dendritic cell maturation and migration to lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues. Antitumor responses are dependent on TLR9 and interferon α/β receptor signaling, and to a less extent on STING signaling. These results demonstrate a high potential for μGCVax in mediating antitumor immunity in personalized cancer therapy.
Ultrathin [110]‐Confined Li4Ti5O12 Nanoflakes for High Rate Lithium Storage
Authors: Fu Shuting , Yu Xuefang , Wu Qili , Yang Xianfeng , Liu Zheng , Li Xiaohui , He Shiman , Wang Da , Li Yanchun , Tong Shengfu , Wu Mingmei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImproving the high‐rate performance of spinel lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) is one of the critical requirements to promote its practical application in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, the possible Li+ ion diffusion routes in LTO are theoretically analyzed and compared by computational investigation. The calculations show that the most feasible diffusion path for Li+ ions is along the [110] direction indicated by the lowest energy barrier. Inspired by this prediction, ultrathin [110]‐confined LTO nanoflakes are rationally prepared through a function‐led targeted synthesis. The [110] orientation of the material sufficiently provides preferable transport channels which can promote the anisotropic diffusion of lithium ions within LTO nanoflakes. Furthermore, the ultrathin 2D nanostructure effectively shortens the diffusion length along the [110] direction, facilitating ion transport across the nanoflakes and thus improving the diffusion kinetics. Owing to these unique features, the LIB composed of optimized [110]‐confined LTO exhibits remarkable high rate capability and long‐term cycling stability, with a capacity of 146 mAh g‐1 at an ultrahigh rate of 100 C and a capacity retention of 88% even after 1500 cycles at 50 C. The as‐prepared [110]‐confined LTO nanoflakes have promising applications and show commercial viability for high‐power facilities.
Doping‐Induced Viscoelasticity in PbTe Thermoelectric Inks for 3D Printing of Power‐Generating Tubes
Authors: Lee Jungsoo , Choo Seungjun , Ju Hyejin , Hong Jaehyung , Yang Seong Eun , Kim Fredrick , Gu Da Hwi , Jang Jeongin , Kim Gyeonghun , Ahn Sangjoon , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Sung Youb , Chae Han Gi , Son Jae Sung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) technologies offer promising means to enhance fossil energy efficiencies by generating electricity from waste heat from industrial or automobile exhaust gases. For these applications, thermoelectric modules should be designed from the perspective of system integration for efficient heat transfer, system simplification, and low processing cost. However, typical thermoelectric modules manufactured by traditional processes do not fulfil such requirements, especially for exhaust pipes. Hence, a 3D‐printing method for PbTe thermoelectric materials is reported to design high‐performance power‐generating TE tubes. The electronic doping‐induced surface charges in PbTe particles are shown to significantly improve the viscoelasticities of inks without additives, thereby enabling precise shape and dimension engineering of 3D bulk PbTe with figures of merit of 1.4 for p‐type and 1.2 for n‐type materials. The performance of the power‐generating TE tube fabricated from 3D‐printed PbTe tubes is demonstrated experimentally and computationally as an effective strategy to design system‐adaptive high‐performance thermoelectric generators.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of anticoagulants for the treatment of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nilius Henning , Kaufmann Jonas , Cuker Adam , Nagler Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness and safety of non‐heparin anticoagulants for the treatment of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) are not fully established, and the optimal treatment strategy is unknown. In a systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to determine precise rates of platelet recovery, new or progressive thromboembolism (TE), major bleeding, and death for all non‐heparin anticoagulants and to study potential sources of variability.MethodsFollowing a detailed protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42020219027), EMBASE and Medline were searched for all studies reporting clinical outcomes of patients treated with non‐heparin anticoagulants (argatroban, danaparoid, fondaparinux, direct oral anticoagulants [DOAC], bivalirudin, and other hirudins) for acute HIT. Proportions of patients with the outcomes of interest were pooled using a random‐effects model for each drug. The influence of the patient population, the diagnostic test used, the study design, and the type of article was assessed.ResultsOut of 3194 articles screened, 92 studies with 119 treatment groups describing 4698 patients were included. The pooled rates of platelet recovery ranged from 74% (bivalirudin) to 99% (fondaparinux), TE from 1% (fondaparinux) to 7% (danaparoid), major bleeding from 1% (DOAC) to 14% (bivalirudin), and death from 7% (fondaparinux) to 19% (bivalirudin). Confidence intervals were mostly overlapping, and results were not influenced by patient population, diagnostic test used, study design, or type of article.DiscussionEffectiveness and safety outcomes were similar among various anticoagulants, and significant factors affecting these outcomes were not identified. These findings support fondaparinux and DOACs as viable alternatives to conventional anticoagulants for treatment of acute HIT in clinical practice.