bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a Randomized Trial Testing the Efficacy of Tele-Savvy, an Online Synchronous/Asynchronous Psychoeducation Program for Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia
Authors: Hepburn Kenneth , Nocera Joe , Higgins Melinda , Epps Fayron , Brewster Glenna S , Lindauer Allison , Morhardt Darby , Shah Raj , Bonds Kalisha , Nash Rachel , Griffiths Patricia C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Family caregivers will grow in number as dementia prevalence increases, underscoring the continued importance of equipping these individuals for their new roles and ameliorating the adverse effects of caregiving.

Research Design and Methods
A three-armed, waitlist, randomized trial design tested Tele-Savvy, an online adaptation of a successful in-person psychoeducation program, the Savvy Caregiver. Tele-Savvy is delivered over 43 days to groups of 6–8 caregivers in 7 weekly synchronous sessions accompanied by 36 brief asynchronous video lessons. We enrolled 23 cohorts of 15 eligible caregivers (N = 261), randomized 2:2:1 to active, attention control, and usual care arms. We assessed caregiver psychological well-being and caregiving mastery at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Multilevel linear models assessed outcomes over the 3 time points examined. The trial was slightly truncated, with Data and Safety Monitoring Board approval, because of the apparent confounding psychological effects of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions.

Results
Study findings indicate statistically and clinically significant benefits to Tele-Savvy arm caregivers (with moderate to large effect sizes) in the areas of depression, perceived stress, reaction to care recipients’ behaviors, and enhancement of caregiver mastery. Expected benefits for caregiver burden and anxiety were not found.

Discussion and Implications
Findings attest to program efficacy and the viability of employing distance means to improve family caregivers’ emotional well-being and sense of mastery in the caregiving role over a 6-month period. Next steps entail finding alternate ways to deliver the program to those with connectivity and/or time constraint problems.
Operationalizing positive masculinity: a theoretical synthesis and school-based framework to engage boys and young men
Authors: Wilson Michael , Gwyther Kate , Swann Ray , Casey Kate , Featherston Ross , Oliffe John L , Englar-Carlson Matt , Rice Simon M 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Scholars have consistently documented the relationship between conformity to traditional masculine norms and maladaptive psychosocial outcomes among boys and young men. Given current social commentary, including debate around ‘toxic masculinity’, intervention is needed to encourage boys to embody healthy expressions and identities of masculinity. Whilst new approaches grounded in positive masculinity show promise, the construct requires further definition and phenomenological clarity. Here we review divergent perspectives on positive masculinity, and forward a refined definition, specific to psychosocial health promotion among boys and young men. We then outline the theoretical basis of a positive masculinity framework to guide the content of future interventions, aiming to achieve positive identity development among boys and young men for the good of all. This framework represents a necessary unification of scholarship around male adolescent development, education and health. Future health promotion interventions may benefit from applying the framework to support a positive psychosocial trajectory among boys and young men, with a focus on connection, motivation and authenticity.
Individual variability in sub-Arctic krill material properties, lipid composition, and other scattering model inputs affect acoustic estimates of their population
Authors: Lucca Brandyn M , Ressler Patrick H , Harvey H Rodger , Warren Joseph D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Target strength model inputs including morphometry, material properties, lipid composition, and in situ orientations were measured for sub-Arctic krill (Euphausia pacifica, Thysanoessa spinifera, T. inermis, and T. raschii) in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS, 2016) and Gulf of Alaska (GOA, 2017). Inter-species and -regional animal lengths were significantly different (F1,680 = 114.10, p &lt; 0.01), while animal shape was consistent for all species measured. The polar lipid phosphatidycholine was the dominant lipid, comprising 86 ± 16% (mean ± SD) and 56 ± 22% of total lipid mass in GOA and EBS krill, respectively. Krill density contrasts varied by species and region rather than with morphometry, lipid composition, or local chla fluorescence. Mean in situ krill orientation was 1 ± 31°, with 25% of observed krill within ±5° of broadside incidence. Modelled target strength sensitivity was frequency independent for variations in material properties but was primarily sensitive to morphometry and orientation at lower (38 kHz) and higher (200 kHz) frequencies, respectively. Measured variability in material properties corresponded to an order of magnitude difference in acoustic estimates of biomass at 120 kHz. These results provide important inputs and constraints for acoustic scattering models of ecologically important sub-Arctic krill species.
Myasthenia gravis affects overall survival in patients with thymoma: an analysis of multicentre database using propensity score matching
Authors: Tian Wenxin , Li Xiao , Sun Yaoguang , Wang Jun , Jiang Guanchao , Tong Hongfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOBJECTIVESAbout one-third of patients with thymoma have myasthenia gravis (MG). It remains controversial whether MG affects the prognosis of patients with thymoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MG on the prognosis of patients with thymoma in a multicentre database.METHODSPatients with thymoma who underwent thymectomy were identified from 2 prospectively collected databases in 2 medical centres from 2010 to 2018. Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to assess overall survival and recurrence-free survival, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine significant contributors to survival. Propensity score matching was performed to eliminate selection bias.RESULTSA total of 514 patients with thymoma were included in this study, of whom 320 patients were MG-free and 194 had MG. Patients with MG were younger (median age 50 vs 54 years, P = 0.001) and had smaller tumours (4.4 ± 2.0 vs 4.9 ± 2.3 cm, P = 0.020). Pathological analysis showed that type B tumours especially B2−B3 (B2 + B3 + mix B tumours, 55.2%) are more common in patients with MG, while type AB (37.2%) was the most common in patients without MG. A larger proportion of Masaoka III–IV stage tumour (25.7% vs 11.0%, P &lt; 0.001) was seen in patients with thymoma and MG. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that MG (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.729, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.398–9.947, P = 0.009), incomplete resection (HR = 5.441, 95% CI: 1.500–19.731, P = 0.010) and Masaoka stage III + IV (HR = 3.390, 95% CI: 1.196–9.612, P = 0.022) were negative prognostic factors of overall survival. Meanwhile, MG (HR =3.489, 95% CI: 1.403–8.680, P = 0.007) and Masaoka stage III + IV (HR = 6.582, 95% CI: 2.575–16.828, P &lt; 0.001) were negative prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival. Propensity-matched analysis compared 148 patient pairs. K-M survival analysis demonstrated that MG was associated with worse overall survival and recurrence-free survival in propensity score-matched patients (log-rank, P = 0.034 and 0.017, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThymoma patients with MG have smaller tumours and a higher percentage of late-stage tumours, which are mainly of WHO B types, especially B2−B3 types. In addition, MG is significantly associated with worse overall survival and recurrence-free survival in thymoma.
Mid-term outcomes of Contegra implantation for the reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract to proximal branch pulmonary arteries: Japan multicentre study
Authors: Hoashi Takaya , Ichikawa Hajime , Hirose Keiichi , Horio Naohiro , Sakurai Takahisa , Matsuhisa Hironori , Ohsima Yoshihiro , Sakurai Hajime , Kasahara Shingo , Sakamoto Kisaburo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To reveal the mid-term outcomes of Contegra implantation for the reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract to proximal branch pulmonary arteries in a multicentre study.

METHODS
Between April 2013 and December 2019, 178 Contegra conduits were implanted at 5 Japanese institutes. The median age and body weight at operation were 16 months (25th–75th percentile: 8–32) and 8.3 kg (6.4–10.6). Sixteen patients were neonates (9.0%). Selected conduit sizes were 12 mm in 28 patients (15.7%), 14 mm in 67 patients (37.6%), 16 mm in 66 patients (37.1%), 18 mm in 5 patients (2.8%) and &lt;12 mm in 12 patients (6.7%). Fifty-six grafts (31.4%) were ring supported. Proximal branch pulmonary arteries were concomitantly augmented in 85 patients (47.5%). Follow-up was completed in all patients and the median follow-up period was 3.1 years (1.3–5.1).

RESULTS
The overall, conduit explantation-free and conduit infection-free survival rates at 5 years were 91.3%, 71.0% and 83.7%, respectively. Infection (P = 0.009) and common arterial trunk (P = 0.024) were risk factors for explantation. Conduit durability was shorter in smaller one (P &lt; 0.001). Catheter interventions (for conduit to proximal branch pulmonary artery)-free survival rates at 5 years was 52.9%; however, need for catheter interventions was not a risk factor for conduit explantation.

CONCLUSIONS
Mid-term outcomes of reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract to the proximal branch pulmonary arteries with Contegra were acceptable. The need for explantation over time was higher in smaller conduits. Conduit infection was a strong risk factor for conduit explantation. Frequently and repeated catheter interventions effectively extended the conduit durability.
Energy and exergy analyses of single flash geothermal power plant at optimum separator temperature
Authors: Assad Mamdouh El Haj , Aryanfar Yashar , Radman Salar , Yousef Bashria , Pakatchian Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, a thermodynamic analysis consisting of energy and exergy analyses is carried out to determine the performance of a single flash geothermal power plant. A new derivation for determination of the optimum separator temperature, which results in maximum turbine power output, is achieved. The energy and exergy analyses are carried out at that optimum separator temperature. The thermodynamic derivation showed that the separator would result in maximum performance of the power plant when it operates at the average value of the production well and condenser temperatures. Moreover, the derivation was numerically validated by calculating three different values for the geothermal well temperatures. The results show that the highest exergy destruction rate is in the expansion valve followed by the steam turbine, the mixing process and the pump. The separator has exactly zero exergy destruction rate while the condenser has almost zero exergy destruction rate. The results also show that the exergy destruction rate for all components of the power plant decreases with reduction in the geofluid temperature of the production well except for the condenser. The maximum energy efficiency of the power plant is about 12.5, 11 and 9.5% when the geofluid of the geothermal well temperature is 300, 275 and 250°C, respectively.
ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: prospects for interactive and dynamic graphics in the era of data-rich animal science1
Authors: Morota Gota , Cheng Hao , Cook Dianne , Tanaka Emi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStatistical graphics, and data visualization, play an essential but under-utilized, role for data analysis in animal science, and also to visually illustrate the concepts, ideas, or outputs of research and in curricula. The recent rise in web technologies and ubiquitous availability of web browsers enables easier sharing of interactive and dynamic graphics. Interactivity and dynamic feedback enhance human–computer interaction and data exploration. Web applications such as decision support systems coupled with multimedia tools synergize with interactive and dynamic graphics. However, the importance of graphics for effectively communicating data, understanding data uncertainty, and the state of the field of interactive and dynamic graphics is underappreciated in animal science. To address this gap, we describe the current state of graphical methodology and technology that might be more broadly adopted. This includes an explanation of a conceptual framework for effective graphics construction. The ideas and technology are illustrated using publicly available animal datasets. We foresee that many new types of big and complex data being generated in precision livestock farming create exciting opportunities for applying interactive and dynamic graphics to improve data analysis and make data-supported decisions.
Formulating diets based on digestible calcium instead of total calcium does not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics, but microbial phytase ameliorates bone resorption caused by low calcium in diets fed to pigs from 11 to 130 kg
Authors: Lagos L Vanessa , Lee Su A , Bedford Mike R , Stein Hans H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the requirement for Ca expressed as a ratio between standardized total tract digestible (STTD) Ca and STTD P obtained in short-term experiments may be applied to pigs fed diets without or with microbial phytase from 11 to 130 kg. In a 5-phase program, 160 pigs (body weight: 11.2 ± 1.8 kg) were randomly allotted to 32 pens and 4 corn–soybean meal-based diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 diet formulation principles (total Ca or STTD Ca), and 2 phytase inclusion levels (0 or 500 units/kg of feed) assuming phytase released 0.11% STTD P and 0.16% total Ca. The STTD Ca:STTD P ratios were 1.40:1, 1.35:1, 1.25:1, 1.18:1, and 1.10:1 for phases 1 to 5, and STTD P was at the requirement. Weights of pigs and feed left in feeders were recorded at the end of each phase. At the conclusion of phase 1 (day 24), 1 pig per pen was euthanized and a blood sample and the right femur were collected. At the end of phases 2 to 5, a blood sample was collected from the same pig in each pen. At the conclusion of the experiment (day 126), the right femur of 1 pig per pen was collected and carcass characteristics from this pig were measured. No interactions were observed between diet formulation principle and phytase inclusion for growth performance in any phase and no differences among treatments were observed for overall growth performance. Plasma Ca and P and bone ash at the end of phase 1 were also not influenced by dietary treatments. However, on day 126, pigs fed nonphytase diets formulated based on total Ca had greater bone ash than pigs fed STTD Ca-based diets, but if phytase was used, no differences were observed between the 2 formulation principles (interaction P &lt; 0.05). At the end of phases 2 and 3, pigs fed diets without phytase had greater (P &lt; 0.05) plasma P than pigs fed diets with phytase, but no differences were observed at the end of phases 4 and 5. A negative quadratic effect (P &lt; 0.05) of phase (2 to 5) on the concentration of plasma Ca was observed, whereas plasma P increased (quadratic; P &lt; 0.05) from phases 2 to 5. However, there was no interaction or effect of diet formulation principle or phytase inclusion on any carcass characteristics measured. In conclusion, STTD Ca to STTD P ratios can be used in diet formulation for growing-finishing pigs without affecting growth performance or carcass characteristics and phytase inclusion ameliorates bone resorption caused by low dietary Ca and P.
Docking domain-mediated subunit interactions in natural product megasynth(et)ases
Authors: Smith Helen G , Beech Matthew J , Lewandowski Józef R , Challis Gregory L , Jenner Matthew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) multienzymes produce numerous high value metabolites. The protein subunits which constitute these megasynth(et)ases must undergo ordered self-assembly to ensure correct organisation of catalytic domains for the biosynthesis of a given natural product. Short amino acid regions at the N- and C-termini of each subunit, termed docking domains (DDs), often occur in complementary pairs, which interact to facilitate substrate transfer and maintain pathway fidelity. This review details all structurally characterised examples of NRPS and PKS DDs to date and summarises efforts to utilise DDs for the engineering of biosynthetic pathways.
Anti-cryptococcal activity of preussolides A and B, phosphoethanolamine-substituted 24-membered macrolides, and leptosin C from coprophilous isolates of Preussia typharum
Authors: Perlatti Bruno , Lan Nan , Xiang Meichun , Earp Cody E , Spraker Joseph E , Harvey Colin J B , Nichols Connie B , Alspaugh J Andrew , Gloer James B , Bills Gerald F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a serious human pathogen with limited options for treatment. We have interrogated extracts from fungal fermentations to find Cryptococcus-inhibiting natural products using assays for growth inhibition and differential thermosensitivity. Extracts from fermentations of four fungal strains from wild and domestic animal dung from Arkansas and West Virginia, USA were identified as Preussia typharum. The extracts exhibited two antifungal regions. Purification of one region yielded new 24-carbon macrolides incorporating both a phosphoethanolamine unit and a bridging tetrahydrofuran ring. The structures of these metabolites were established mainly by analysis of high-resolution mass spectrometry and 2D NMR data. Relative configurations were assigned using NOESY data, and the structure assignments were supported by NMR comparison with similar compounds. These new metabolites are designated preussolides A and B. The second active region was caused by the cytotoxin, leptosin C. Genome sequencing of the four strains revealed biosynthetic gene clusters consistent with those known to encode phosphoethanolamine-bearing polyketide macrolides and the biosynthesis of dimeric epipolythiodioxopiperazines. All three compounds showed moderate to potent and selective antifungal activity toward the pathogenic yeast C. neoformans.
MHD convection flow of Ag–water nanofluid in inclined enclosure with center heater
Authors: Thangavelu Mahalakshmi , Nagarajan Nithyadevi , Oztop Hakan F , Yang Ruey-Jen 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Simulations are performed to examine magnetohydrodynamic convection of an Ag–water nanofluid within an inclined enclosure containing a center heater oriented in different directions. In performing the analysis, the left and right vertical walls are assumed to be isothermally cooled, while the bottom wall is isothermally heated and the top wall is adiabatic. The governing equations are solved numerically using the finite-volume method. The simulations focus on the effects of the Rayleigh number (Ra = 104, 105 and 106), Hartmann number (Ha = 0, 25 and 50), inclination angle (γ = 0°, 45°, 90° and 135°), orientation of heater (horizontal or vertical) and internal heat generation (S = 0, 10 and 20) on the convective heat transfer performance within the enclosure. The results show that the heat transfer performance is dominated by the inclination angle of the enclosure and the Hartmann number. In particular, the heat transfer rate reduces as inclination angle and Hartmann number increase. The maximum heat transfer performance is obtained with a vertical center heater, an inclination angle of γ = 45° and a Rayleigh number of Ra = 106. It is additionally shown that the heat transfer performance improves with an increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles.
AI-assisted reliability life prediction model for wafer-level packaging using the random forest method
Authors: Hsiao H Y , Chiang K N 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We applied an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, the random forest (RF) model, using finite element simulations to predict the reliability life of wafer-level packaging (WLP). Due to rapid growth and an increasingly fast cycle pace of integrated circuits, it is imperative to shorten the development time of electronic packaging. This study focuses on packaging reliability analysis and prediction. In recent years, package reliability analysis has been performed using finite element method simulations, which reduce the required number of accelerated thermal cyclic tests. Compared with conventional ball grid array-type packaging, WLP has become the mainstream packaging type due to its small form factor, batch-type manufacturing process and low cost. We applied the RF model, a machine learning algorithm, to predict the reliability life of WLP. The finite element procedure, theory and mesh size were validated by a set of experiments, and a large dataset was generated for AI training purposes through the finite element simulations. The RF method was built using Python®. A fast and robust reliability assessment AI model of WLP can be achieved once the AI training accuracy is located within the target range; the designer only needs to input the geometry of each WLP component to obtain the reliability life cycle. WLP structural optimization can thus be easily achieved. The AI model also significantly shortens the design cycle to meet current design demands.
Numerical simulation of wind loads on an offshore PV panel: the effect of wave angle
Authors: Su Kao-Chun , Chung Ping-Han , Yang Ray-Yeng 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThis numerical simulation determines the wind loads on a stand-alone solar panel in a marine environment. The initial angle of tilt is 20° and 40° and the wind is incident at an angle of 0–180° (in increments of 45°). The wave angle affects the motion of a pontoon. For a wave angle of 0–180° (in increments of 45°), the variation in the surface pressure pattern and the lift coefficient with the angle of incidence of wind and waves in a single period is determined. The lift force is determined by competing the tilt angle for the upper surface with respect to wind and variation in roll angle for a specific wave angle. The data are pertinent to structural design for photovoltaic systems in a marine environment.
A reliable model for estimating the turbulence intensity and integrated astroclimatic parameters from sounding data
Authors: Wu Su , Yang Qike , Xu Jiangyue , Luo Tao , Qing Chun , Su Changdong , Huang Chan , Wu Xiaoqing , Li Xuebin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The vertical distributions of atmospheric turbulence ($C_n^2$) are key factors in determining the performance of ground-based telescopes and interferometers. As site-testing campaigns are extremely expensive, atmospheric modelling may represent the estimated results of astronomical sites. We propose a new outer-scale model to estimate refractive index structure constant ($C_n^2$) profiles containing potential temperature and wind shear. The integrated astroclimatic parameters (Fried parameter r0, seeing ε, isoplanatic angle θ0, and coherence time τ0) can also be calculated using this outer-scale model. Radiosonde measurements from a filed campaign at Tibet (Lhasa) and Rongcheng (Shandong) are utilized to quantify the performance of this model. Compared with the Dewan model, HMNSP99 model and Thorpe model, the new model gives better results as a profile and an astroclimatic parameter estimator. Compared with the measured median profile, the correlation coefficient reaches 0.88 in Lhasa and 0.87 in Rongcheng.