bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of vitamin D in treatment of keloid
Authors: Mamdouh Menna , Omar Ghada A. , Hafiz Hala S.A. , Ali Sally M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundKeloid is a benign well‐demarcated overgrowth of fibrotic tissue which extends beyond the original boundaries of a defect. The treatment of keloids is a particular challenge to dermatologists. Intralesional corticosteroid injection has been considered the first‐line treatment for keloids. Vitamin D plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation as it slows the progression of tissue fibrosis by keloid fibroblasts and inhibits collagen synthesis in dermal fibrosis.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of intralesional injection of vitamin D in the treatment of keloids, both clinically and ultrasonically.MethodsForty Egyptian patients with keloid scars were injected weekly with intralesional vitamin D with dose of 0.2 ml (200,000 IU) per 1 cm lesion. The keloid scars were evaluated with Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and by a high‐resolution ultrasound using B mode before and after treatment, the patients received 3 to 4 sessions.ResultsThere was statistically highly significant reduction in VSS after treatment with intralesional vitamin D injection (p value≤0.001). There was also statistically highly significant improvement in ultrasonic keloid scar thickness after treatment (P value ≤0.001).ConclusionsIntralesional vitamin D is an effective and safe method in treatment of keloid scars. Ultrasound is a useful method in assessing the improvement of keloids after treatment.
Biochemical effects of intraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion during cesarean section: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Hayata Eijiro , Nakata Masahiko , Takano Mayumi , Nagasaki Sumito , Oji Ayako , Sakuma Junya , Morita Mineto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimIntraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion (ICSA) is a useful technique for women undergoing cesarean sections who are predicted to experience significant bleeding. This method can reduce allogeneic transfusions as well as its associated risks and costs. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an abnormal maternal response to ICSA similar to the classic systemic inflammatory response syndrome, but its mechanism is not well understood. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical aspects of AFE.MethodsA prospective case–controlled pilot study was conducted in a general perinatal hospital in Japan. ICSA was performed using a two‐step retransfusion process. Blood samples were collected presurgery, immediately postsurgery, and 24 h after surgery. Changes in sialyl Tn antigen (STN), complement C3 and C4, fibrinogen, and fibrin degradation product and D‐dimer, C1 esterase inhibitor, and interleukin‐8 (all considered AFE‐related markers) activities were compared between patients who underwent cesarean sections with ICSA (ICSA group) versus without ICSA (control group).ResultsFibrinogen levels were significantly lower in the ICSA group than in the control group before surgery but not immediately after or 24 h after surgery. D‐dimer was significantly higher immediately after surgery but not 24 h later. STN was significantly lower only before surgery. None of the AFE‐related markers showed significant differences between the groups after 24 h. No adverse events were observed in the ICSA group.ConclusionsThere is no clinical evidence that ICSA alters the biochemical statuses of AFE‐related markers in a manner that could lead to adverse maternal responses.
Police procedural justice and adolescents’ internalization of the law: Integrating self‐determination theory into legal socialization research
Authors: Van Petegem Stijn , Trinkner Rick , van der Kaap‐Deeder Jolene , Antonietti Jean‐Philippe , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe procedural justice model is a common framework for understanding how and why fair procedures conveyed by legal authorities (such as police officers) shape the legal socialization process. The present contribution draws upon self‐determination theory (SDT) to advance the procedural justice model through its focus on internalization, in terms of identification and external regulation. Study 1 is a questionnaire‐based study conducted among 268 Belgian adolescents that provides initial evidence for the incremental value of the SDT‐based operationalization of internalization, above and beyond the classic operationalization (i.e., obligation to obey), for explaining why perceived procedural justice is linked to more compliance and less defiance. These results are corroborated in Study 2, which involves an experimental, vignette‐based study (N = 210) contrasting a procedurally just versus unjust situation. The discussion focuses on how SDT may inform the legal socialization literature.
Comparison of performances of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification, XPERT MTB/RIF and BACTEC MGIT in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis
Authors: Govindan S Achyudhananda , Yadav Rakesh , Vaidya Pankaj C , Sethi Sunil , Mehra Nancy , Das Rashmi R , Saini Aastha , Verma Indu , Singh Meenu 
Published: March 2021

AimKey to the successful management of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) lies in the early detection and proper treatment. We evaluated the performances of modern diagnostic tests: loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP‐IS6110), Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid) and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (BACTEC MGIT 960 culture) against a modified version of international consensus diagnostic definition (i.e. composite reference standard (CRS)).MethodsA cross‐sectional analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in North India from July 2016 to December 2017 involving 100 children <14 years with suspected PTB. Respiratory specimens (sputum, gastric lavage and/or bronchoalveolar lavage) were collected and subjected to LAMP‐IS6110, Xpert MTB/RIF and BACTEC MGIT 960 culture assay.ResultsFifty‐five children had confirmed and probable TB according to the CRS (prevalence = 58.5%). The sensitivity of BACTEC MGIT 960 culture, Xpert MTB/RIF and LAMP‐IS6110 assay was 14%, 9.1% and 10.91%, respectively, when compared against the predefined CRS. The specificity for all these tests was 100%. When compared with BACTEC MGIT 960 culture as the gold standard, the LAMP‐IS6110 assay and Xpert MTB/RIF assay had the sensitivity of 85.71% (95% CI: 42.13–99.64%) and 71.43% (95% CI: 29.04–96.33%), respectively. The specificity of both assays was 100%.ConclusionsWe noted that LAMP‐IS6110 performed better than Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid) in terms of sensitivity when compared against BACTEC MGIT 960 culture as reference standard, though specificity of both the tests was comparable. The diagnostic performance of BACTEC MGIT 960 culture was better than LAMP‐IS6110 and Xpert MTB/RIF in paediatric PTB, when compared against CRS.
Children's eating behaviour traits and dental caries
Authors: Shqair Ayah Qassem , dos Santos Motta Janaína Vieira , da Silva Ricardo Azevedo , do Amaral Paulinia Leal , Goettems Marília Leão 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study aimed to assess eating behavior traits in children with or without dental caries.MethodsA sample of 580 children aged 8 years enrolled in 20 public schools in the city of Pelotas, Brazil were included. Parents/caregivers provided sociodemographic information and answered the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) to assess eating behavior traits. This instrument possesses the subscales: food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, food fussiness, emotional overeating, emotional undereating, and desire to drink. To assess the presence of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT/dmft), the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were adopted. WHO criteria were used to evaluate presence of overweight and obesity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean score in each CEBQ subscale according to the different exposure variables. Linear regression was used to assess the association between dental caries and CEBQ subscales means.ResultsApproximately half of the children were male (51.03 percent) and 66.73 percent had low/middle socioeconomic status. The mean DMFT/dmft was 2.41, ranging from 0 to 13, and 63 percent of the children showed DMFT/dmft > 0. After adjustments for potential confounders, children with dental caries showed higher scores on the subscales desire to drink (P = 0.03), and satiety responsiveness (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe present study showed that some aspects of eating behaviors differ in children with or without caries. Such knowledge adds to the understanding of the multifactorial etiology of caries and may help in the development of nutritional interventions to promote healthy eating behaviors, with benefits for oral health.
An examination of telehealth policy impacts on initial rural opioid use disorder treatment patterns during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hughes Phillip M. , Verrastro Genevieve , Fusco Carriedelle Wilson , Wilson Courtenay Gilmore , Ostrach Bayla 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTracking changes in care utilization of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) services before, during, and after COVID‐19‐associated changes in policy and service delivery in a mixed rural and micropolitan setting.MethodsUsing a retrospective, open‐cohort design, we examined visit data of MOUD patients at a family medicine clinic across three identified periods: pre‐COVID, COVID transition, and COVID. Outcome measures include the number and type of visits (in‐person or telehealth), the number of new patients entering treatment, and the number of urine drug screens performed. Distance from patient residence to clinic was calculated to assess access to care in rural areas. Goodness‐of‐Fit Chi‐Square tests and ANOVAs were used to identify differences between time periods.FindingsTotal MOUD visits increased during COVID (436 pre vs. 581 post, p < 0.001), while overall new patient visits remained constant (33 pre vs. 29 post, p = 0.755). The clinic's overall catchment area increased in size, with new patients coming primarily from rural areas. Length of time between urine drug screens increased (21.1 days pre vs. 43.5 days post, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe patterns of MOUD care utilization during this period demonstrate the effectiveness of telehealth in this area. Policy changes allowing for MOUD to be delivered via telehealth, waiving the need for in‐person initiation of MOUD, and increased Medicaid compensation for MOUD may play a valuable role in improving access to MOUD during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.
Applying metabolomics to veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Authors: Rivera‐Velez Sol M. , Navas Jinna , Villarino Nicolas F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetabolomics is the large‐scale study of low‐molecular‐weight substances in a biological system in a given physiological state at a given time point. Metabolomics can be applied to identify predictors of inter‐individual variability in drug response, provide clinicians with data useful for decision‐making processes in drug selection, and inform about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug. It is, therefore, an exceptional approach for gaining new understanding effects in the field of comparative veterinary pharmacology. However, the incorporation of metabolomics into veterinary pharmacology and toxicology is not yet widespread, and this is probably, at least in part, a result of its highly multidisciplinary nature. This article reviews the potential applications of metabolomics in veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. It integrates key concepts for designing metabolomics studies and analyzing and interpreting metabolomics data, providing solid foundations for applying metabolomics to the study of drugs in all veterinary species.
Potential interactions between an oral fosfomycin formulation and feed or drinking water: Impact on bioavailability in piglets
Authors: Decundo Julieta M. , Diéguez Susana N. , Amanto Fabián A. , Martínez Guadalupe , Pérez Gaudio Denisa S. , Fernández Paggi María B. , Romanelli Agustina , Soraci Alejandro L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFeed and drinking water are the most frequently used vehicles for administration of antibiotics in intensive pig production. Interactions of drugs with feed and water components may affect dissolution and bioavailability. Therefore, antibiotic formulations should be tested in order to assure their suitability for oral use. In this study, an oral fosfomycin (FOS) formulation was evaluated considering dissolution in water (soft and hard), release kinetics from feed in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and bioavailability after oral administration blended into feed or dissolved in water (soft and hard), to fed and fasted piglets. FOS reached immediate dissolution in soft and hard water. The presence of feed significantly decreased antibiotic dissolution in simulated intestinal medium. Bioavailability was lower when feed was used as a vehicle for FOS administration than when the drug was dissolved in water (soft or hard). The fed or fasted condition of piglets did not affect bioavailability. Probably, FOS interactions with feed components alter its dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract, and only a fraction of the dose would be available for absorption. This information must be considered to support decisions on eligibility of antibiotic pharmaceutical formulations and the vehicle for their administration in order to pursue a responsible use of antibiotics.
Trends and geographic variability in gender inequalities in child mortality and stunting in India, 2006–2016
Authors: Alderman Harold , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Tran Lan Mai , Menon Purnima 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGender disparities in child undernutrition and mortality in India have been a topic of interest for a long time, but little is known on trends or geographic variability in recent periods. We examined the degree to which historic patterns in gender disparities in child undernutrition and mortality in India have persisted given recent progress in health and nutrition. Using two nationally representative datasets from India between 2006 and 2016, we estimated mortality rates and stunting by gender and by birth order among children under 5 years old. We then tested for differences between boys and girls within each survey round for both national and state levels using bootstrapped standard errors, controlling for cluster and sampling weights. We found striking progress in child mortality and stunting in India between 2006 and 2016 for both boys and girls. Boys were more likely to die than girls during the first year of life. Girls had a higher risk of mortality between age 1 and 5 years than boys in 2006, but the improvements in survival eliminated this gender gap in 2016. For stunting, we found no gender difference in 2006, but girls had higher height‐for‐age Z‐scores (HAZ) and lower stunting than boys in 2016. Trends in gender gaps in mortality and stunting vary substantially by birth order and between states. Our findings indicate that improvements in mortality and nutritional status among girls have started to close gender disparities. Policy efforts to close gaps must stay the course in states that have made progress and be accelerated in states where disparities are still prominent.
Resurrecting the metabolome: Rapid evolution magnifies the metabolomic plasticity to predation in a natural Daphnia population
Authors: Zhang Chao , Jones Martin , Govaert Lynn , Viant Mark , De Meester Luc , Stoks Robby 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPopulations rely on already present plastic responses (ancestral plasticity) and evolution (including both evolution of mean trait values, constitutive evolution, and evolution of plasticity) to adapt to novel environmental conditions. Because of the lack of evidence from natural populations, controversy remains regarding the interplay between ancestral plasticity and rapid evolution in driving responses to new stressors. We addressed this topic at the level of the metabolome utilizing a resurrected natural population of the water flea Daphnia magna that underwent a human‐caused increase followed by a reduction in predation pressure within ~16 years. Predation risk induced plastic changes in the metabolome which were mainly related to shifts in amino acid and sugar metabolism, suggesting predation risk affected protein and sugar utilization to increase energy supply. Both the constitutive and plastic components of the metabolic profiles showed rapid, probably adaptive evolution whereby ancestral plasticity and evolution contributed nearly equally to the total changes of the metabolomes. The subpopulation that experienced the strongest fish predation pressure and showed the strongest phenotypic response, also showed the strongest metabolomic response to fish kairomones, both in terms of the number of responsive metabolites and in the amplitude of the multivariate metabolomic reaction norm. More importantly, the metabolites with higher ancestral plasticity showed stronger evolution of plasticity when predation pressure increased, while this pattern reversed when predation pressure relaxed. Our results therefore highlight that the evolution in response to a novel pressure in a natural population magnified the metabolomic plasticity to this stressor.
Role of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections
Authors: Muthu Valliappan , Gandra Raghava Rao , Dhooria Sahajal , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Kaur Harsimran , Gupta Nalini , Bal Amanjit , Ram Babu , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are sparse data on the role of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in diagnosing invasive mould infections (IMIs).ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and usefulness of FB in IMI. We evaluate the factors associated with a successful diagnosis of IMI using FB. Further, we compare subjects of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) with pulmonary mucormycosis (PM).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, imaging data, bronchoscopy, microbiology and pathology details of subjects who underwent FB for suspected IMI. We categorised FB as diagnostic if it contributed to the diagnosis of IMI. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify the factors associated with a diagnostic bronchoscopy.ResultsOf the 3521 FB performed over 18 months, 132 (3.7%) were done for suspected IMIs. We included 107 subjects for the final analysis. The risk factors for IMI included renal transplantation (29.0%), diabetes (27.1%), haematological malignancy (10.3%) and others. We found bronchoscopic abnormalities in 33 (30.8%) subjects, and these were more frequent in those with confirmed PM (67%) than IPA (27%). IMI was confirmed in 79 (14 proven, 48 probable and 17 possible) subjects. FB was diagnostic in 71%. We experienced major complications in three cases (2.7%), including one death. On multivariate analysis, the visualisation of endobronchial abnormalities during FB (OR [95%, CI], 8.5 [1.4–50.4]) was the only factor associated with a diagnostic FB after adjusting for age and various risk factors.ConclusionsFlexible bronchoscopy is a useful and safe procedure in diagnosing IMIs. The presence of endobronchial abnormalities predicts a successful diagnostic yield on FB.
Hypoxia enhances basal autophagy of epithelial‐derived ameloblastoma cells
Authors: AlMuzaini Anwar A. A. Y. , Boesze‐Battaglia Kathleen , Alawi Faizan , Akintoye Sunday O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmeloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumor. Etiopathogenesis and locally aggressive growth properties of ameloblastoma can be attributed to a hypoxic microenvironment conducive to tumor cell survival. Epithelial‐derived follicular ameloblastoma cells (EP‐AMCs) display enhanced basal autophagy, but the interplay of hypoxia and autophagy in EP‐AMCs survival and ameloblastoma recurrence is unclear. We evaluated differential expression of autophagic markers in primary and recurrent ameloblastomas and hypothesized that hypoxia‐induced autophagy supports EP‐AMC survival. Primary and recurrent ameloblastomas were comparatively assessed for expression levels of pan‐cytokeratin, Vimentin, and autophagic markers SQSTM1/p62, LC3, and pS6. EP‐AMCs compared with human odontoma‐derived cells (HODCs) were subjected to severe hypoxia to determine the interplay of hypoxia and autophagic process in posthypoxia survival. Pan‐cytokeratin and SQSTM1/p62 were expressed by both primary and recurrent ameloblastoma epithelial cells while the ameloblastoma connective tissues displayed weak reactivity to vimentin. Under hypoxia, EP‐AMC expression levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, p62, and LC3 were increased while pS6 was decreased posthypoxia. The combined decrease in pS6 and enhanced LC3 in EP‐AMCs under hypoxia indicate that EP‐AMCs re‐establish basal autophagy under hypoxia. Taken together, these suggest a possible role of LC3‐associated phagocytosis (LAP) in ameloblastoma cell survival.
Exciting Performance of Plasma Fibrinogen in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Diagnosis
Authors: Huang Jin‐cheng , Chen Xiao , Qiang Shuo , Zheng Wen‐di , Zheng Jia , Jin Yi 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo test the significance of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the platelet count/mean platelet volume ratio (PC/MPV), plasma fibrinogen, and D‐Dimer in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 149 patients diagnosed from July 2016 to December 2019 with primary osteoarthritis (OA group, average age 63.18 years [range, 53–82 years] 18 males, 46 females), PJI (PJI group, average age 63.74 years [range, 52–81 years], 16 males, 31 females), and aseptic loosening (aseptic group, average age 63.18 years [range, 53–80 years], 12 male, 26 female) in our department. Demographic data and the sensitivity and specificity of preoperative CRP, ESR, PC/MPV, fibrinogen, and D‐Dimer in PJI diagnosis were compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences when the demographic data of the three groups were compared. The expression level of CRP (50.67 ± 58.98 mg/L), ESR (50.55 ± 25.81 mm/h), PC/MPV (35.79 ± 18.00), and fibrinogen (4.85 ± 1.33 μg/mL) in the PJI group were higher than in the OA group (CRP: 4.09 ± 9.68 mg/L; ESR:13.44 ± 9.32 mm/1 h; PC/MPV: 24.97 ± 7.58; fibrinogen: 3.09 ± 0.55 μg/mL) and the aseptic group (CRP: 7.01 ± 11.83 mg/L; ESR: 22.47 ± 17.53 mm/1 h; PC/MPV: 25.18 ± 11.48; fibrinogen: 3.39 ± 0.80 μg/mL), respectively. The expression level of plasma D‐dimer (1.60 ± 1.29 mg/L) in the PJI group was higher than in the OA group (0.49 ± 0.42 mg/L) but similar to that in the aseptic group (1.21 ± 1.35 mg/L). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for CRP, ESR, PC/MPV, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer were 0.892 (95% confidence interval, 0.829–0.954), 0.888 (0.829–0.947), 0.686 (0.589–0.784), 0.873 (0.803–0.943), and 0.835 (0.772–0.899), respectively. When PC/MPV > 31.70, fibrinogen >4.01 μg/mL, and D‐dimer >1.17 mg/L were set as the threshold values for the diagnosis of PJI, the sensitivity of PC/MPV in PJI diagnosis was lower than that of ESR and plasma fibrinogen. In contrast, there was no significant difference when comparing the specificity of CRP, ESR, PC/MPV, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer in PJI diagnosis.ConclusionPlasma fibrinogen is a good new auxiliary diagnostic marker for PJI.