bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whatever Happened to Henri Bergson?
Authors: Whitfield Stephen J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the early decades of the twentieth century, Henri Bergson (1859–1941) ranked among the world’s most eminent philosophers. His distinction between clock-time and time as subjectively experienced, as well as his invocation of the élan vital as driving humanity to higher planes of creativity and freedom, enabled him to enjoy unparalleled influence among French students as well as international writers. Bergson personified philosophy. He also seemed to justify the gamble of emancipation that France had taken barely a century earlier, in granting talented Jews the opportunity to flourish. In 1927 Bergson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Yet very soon thereafter, the prominence that he had enjoyed quite precipitously declined, and he drifted into obscurity from which his writings have yet to recover. How can such an eclipse be explained? Part of the reason was an inevitable shift in philosophic fashion. By the 1920s, belles-lettres aimed at an educated public yielded to linguistic analysis in the Anglo-American world and to phenomenology on the continent. Part of the reason was the shock of the First World War. Its carnage led to disillusionment and to pessimism, which made Bergson’s paeans to the intuitive powers of humanity seem tone-deaf. Another part of the reason was an illness that left him virtually speechless—and thus unresponsive—for the last fifteen years of his life, which was cut short by the German invasion and occupation. Registering as a Jew in the dead of winter, Bergson died—a victim of Nazism—of pneumonia.
On the angular momentum extraction from the rotation powered pulsars
Authors: Shibata Shinpei , Kisaka Shota 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The rotation powered pulsar loses angular momentum at a rate of the rotation power divided by the angular velocity Ω*. This means that the length of the lever arm of the angular momentum extracted by the photons, relativistic particles, and wind must be on average c/Ω*, which is known as the light cylinder radius. Therefore, any deposition of the rotation power within the light cylinder causes insufficient loss of angular momentum. In this paper, we investigate two cases of this type of energy release: polar cap acceleration and Ohmic heating in the magnetospheric current inside the star. As for the first case, the outer magnetosphere beyond the light cylinder is found to compensate the insufficient loss of the angular momentum. We argue that the energy flux coming from the sub-rotating magnetic field lines must be larger than the solid-angle average value, and as a result, an enhanced energy flux emanating beyond the light cylinder is observed in different phases in the light curve from those of emission inside the light cylinder. As for the second case, the stellar surface rotates more slowly than the stellar interior. We find that the way the magnetospheric current closes inside the star is linked to how the angular momentum is transferred inside the star. We obtain numerical solutions that shows that the magnetospheric current inside the star spreads over the polar cap magnetic flux embedded in the star in such a way that electromotive force is gained efficiently.
Music Therapists as Clients: Therapy-Seeking and Utilization of Personal Therapy by Music Therapists
Authors: Kendrick Claire J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to personal therapy for board-certified music therapists (MT-BCs), specifically regarding the rate of past and present therapy attendance, type of therapy utilized, reason(s) music therapists seek therapy, and the role of gender identity or theoretical orientation on rates of therapy utilization. Music therapists were considered as both professional musicians and allied health professionals, potentially exposing them to both areas of occupational risk relating to psychological stress or illness. A survey was created and sent out to all MT-BCs who opted to receive research inquiries (8,493), with a return of 945 usable responses. The majority of participants indicated that they have attended therapy or counseling at some point in time during their career. The most commonly utilized form of therapy was talk therapy or verbal counseling. Common reasons for therapy attendance were to seek personal insight, address a mental health concern, address feelings of stress from work, and address a mental illness. There was no apparent difference in therapy-seeking dependent on gender identity, but participants with theoretical orientations that emphasize the importance of personal insight may have higher rates of therapy utilization. Implications from the findings of the study and recommendations for future research were discussed.
Water molecules bonded to the carboxylate groups at the inorganic–organic interface of an inorganic nanocrystal coated with alkanoate ligands
Authors: Li Jiongzhao , Cao Weicheng , Shu Yufei , Zhang Haibing , Qian Xudong , Kong Xueqian , Wang Linjun , Peng Xiaogang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
High-quality colloidal nanocrystals are commonly synthesized in hydrocarbon solvents with alkanoates as the most common organic ligand. Water molecules with an approximately equal number of surface alkanoate ligands are identified at the inorganic–organic interface for all types of colloidal nanocrystals studied, and investigated quantitatively using CdSe nanocrystals as the model system. Carboxylate ligands are coordinated to the surface metal ions and the first monolayer of water molecules is found to bond to the carboxylate groups of alkanoate ligands through hydrogen bonds. Additional monolayer(s) of water molecules can further be adsorbed through hydrogen bonds to the first monolayer of water molecules. The nearly ideal environment for hydrogen bonding at the inorganic–organic interface of alkanoate-coated nanocrystals helps to rapidly and stably enrich the interface-bonded water molecules, most of which are difficult to remove through vacuum treatment, thermal annealing and chemical drying. The water-enriched structure of the inorganic–organic interface of high-quality colloidal nanocrystals must be taken into account in order to understand the synthesis, processing and properties of these novel materials.
Help, my foundation was a mistake!
Authors: Laignel Richard , Edwards Sally 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A recent decision of the Royal Court of Jersey has determined whether a foundation established and incorporated under Jersey law can be set aside on the grounds of mistake. The case is significant for individuals who may be looking to establish a foundation in Jersey as it provides guidance on the remedies available to them if they have taken action based on deficient advice. It also demonstrates that a foundation cannot be a sham.
Ipsilateral and Simultaneous Comparison of Responses from Acceleromyography- and Electromyography-based Neuromuscular Monitors
Authors: Nemes Réka , Lengyel Szabolcs , Nagy György , Hampton David R. , Gray Martyn , Renew J. Ross , Tassonyi Edömér , Fülesdi Béla , Brull Sorin J. 
Published: July 2021

Background
The paucity of easy-to-use, reliable objective neuromuscular monitors is an obstacle to universal adoption of routine neuromuscular monitoring. Electromyography (EMG) has been proposed as the optimal neuromuscular monitoring technology since it addresses several acceleromyography limitations. This clinical study compared simultaneous neuromuscular responses recorded from induction of neuromuscular block until recovery using the acceleromyography-based TOF-Watch SX and EMG-based TetraGraph.

Methods
Fifty consenting patients participated. The acceleromyography and EMG devices analyzed simultaneous contractions (acceleromyography) and muscle action potentials (EMG) from the adductor pollicis muscle by synchronization via fiber optic cable link. Bland–Altman analysis described the agreement between devices during distinct phases of neuromuscular block. The primary endpoint was agreement of acceleromyography- and EMG-derived normalized train-of-four ratios greater than or equal to 80%. Secondary endpoints were agreement in the recovery train-of-four ratio range less than 80% and agreement of baseline train-of-four ratios between the devices.

Results
Acceleromyography showed normalized train-of-four ratio greater than or equal to 80% earlier than EMG. When acceleromyography showed train-of-four ratio greater than or equal to 80% (n = 2,929), the bias was 1.3 toward acceleromyography (limits of agreement, –14.0 to 16.6). When EMG showed train-of-four ratio greater than or equal to 80% (n = 2,284), the bias was –0.5 toward EMG (–14.7 to 13.6). In the acceleromyography range train-of-four ratio less than 80% (n = 2,802), the bias was 2.1 (–16.1 to 20.2), and in the EMG range train-of-four ratio less than 80% (n = 3,447), it was 2.6 (–14.4 to 19.6). Baseline train-of-four ratios were higher and more variable with acceleromyography than with EMG.

Conclusions
Bias was lower than in previous studies. Limits of agreement were wider than expected because acceleromyography readings varied more than EMG both at baseline and during recovery. The EMG-based monitor had higher precision and greater repeatability than acceleromyography. This difference between monitors was even greater when EMG data were compared to raw (nonnormalized) acceleromyography measurements. The EMG monitor is a better indicator of adequate recovery from neuromuscular block and readiness for safe tracheal extubation than the acceleromyography monitor.

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Anesthesia Method, Tourniquet Use, and Persistent Postsurgical Pain after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Palanne Riku A. , Rantasalo Mikko T. , Vakkuri Anne P. , Madanat Rami , Olkkola Klaus T. , Reponen Elina M. , Linko Rita , Vahlberg Tero J. , Skants Noora K. A. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Persistent postsurgical pain after total knee arthroplasty is a common problem and a major reason for patient dissatisfaction. This secondary analysis aimed to investigate the effects of anesthesia (spinal vs. general) and tourniquet use on persistent pain after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods
In this secondary analysis of a previously presented parallel, single-center, randomized trial, 404 patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were randomized to spinal versus general anesthesia and no-tourniquet versus tourniquet groups. Patients assessed pain using the Brief Pain Inventory–short form preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The prespecified main outcome was the change in “average pain” measured with numerical 0 to 10 rating scale 1 yr postoperatively. The threshold for clinical importance between groups was set to 1.0.

Results
The change in average pain scores 1 yr postoperatively did not differ between the spinal and general anesthesia groups (–2.6 [SD 2.5] vs. –2.3 [SD 2.5], respectively; mean difference, –0.4; 95% CI, –0.9 to 0.1; P = 0.150). The no-tourniquet group reported a smaller decrease in the average pain scores than the tourniquet group (–2.1 [SD 2.7] vs. –2.8 [SD 2.3]; mean difference, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.1; P = 0.012). After 1 yr, the scores concerning the mean of four pain severity variables (numerical rating scale) decreased more in the spinal than in the general anesthesia group (–2.3 [SD 2.2] vs. –1.8 [SD 2.1]; mean difference, –0.5; 95% CI, –0.9 to –0.05; P = 0.029) and less in the no-tourniquet than in the tourniquet group (–1.7 [SD 2.3] vs. –2.3 [SD 2.0]; mean difference, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.0; P = 0.005). None of the differences in pain scores reached the threshold for clinical importance.

Conclusions
The type of anesthesia (spinal vs. general) or tourniquet use has no clinically important effect on persistent postsurgical pain after total knee arthroplasty.

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Knowledge, perception and practice of Québec nurses for ambulatory and clinic blood pressure measurement methods: are we there yet?
Authors: Todkar Shweta , Padwal Raj , Cloutier Lyne 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Guidelines regarding blood pressure measurement (BPM) methods, namely home (HBPM), ambulatory (ABPM), office (OBPM) and automated (AOBP) are published by Hypertension Canada and rely on accurate measurement technique. Nurses commonly perform BPM but their knowledge, perception and practice considering all methods is understudied. This study is the first to establish the picture of Québec nurses working in primary care settings concerning the four BPM methods.

Methods:
All nurses licensed to practice in primary care in Québec were targeted in our survey. Data were collected using a validated and pretested investigator-initiated questionnaire in English and French. A personalized e-mail invitation, and two reminders, including a link to a secured platform was sent in December 2019. A certificate of ethics was issued by UQTR.

Results:
A total of 453 nurses participated in the study. Median age was 40 ± 11 years, and 92% were women. The overall score on BPM methods knowledge was slightly below 50% (46% ± 23). The perception was mostly positive, with an overall score above 50% (73% ± 8). In practice, HBPM was recommended by 47% of nurses, and ABPM by 18%. Although AOBP is the preferred method in Canada, only 25% of the nurses use it, including the 57% that use an oscillometric device and 11% that use manual auscultation.

Conclusion:
Nurses working in primary care play a central role in BPM. Our results highlight that overall knowledge and practice are suboptimal. Resources should, therefore, be allocated to ensure that initial training and continuing education are addressed.
Corneal stromal thickness changes after myopic laser corneal refractive surgery
Authors: Alió del Barrio Jorge L. , Canto-Cerdan Mario , El Bahrawy Mohamed , Casanova Laura , García María J. , Cavas Francisco , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the postoperative behavior of the central corneal stromal thickness after myopic femto–laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) by using combined anterior segment optical coherence tomography and a Placido disk topographer and to compare the accuracy of both laser machines in predicting the real stromal change.

Setting:
Vissum Miranza, Alicante, Spain.

Study design:
Prospective, observational, comparative study.

Methods:
The VisuMax 500 kHz femtosecond laser (FS) and the Amaris 750 excimer laser were used for the correction of myopia with or without myopic astigmatism. Central and paracentral stromal thicknesses (ST) and 6.0 mm corneal aberrometry were obtained with the MS39 topographer. Laser-predicted stromal consumption was recorded (maximum lenticule thickness for SMILE and central ablation depth for LASIK). Visual and refractive outcomes were also evaluated. Total follow-up was 6 months.

Results:
77 LASIK eyes were matched with 77 SMILE eyes. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was −3.92 ± 1.67 diopters (D) for LASIK and −4.02 ± 1.63 D for SMILE (P = .356). After LASIK, ST parameters showed significant rethickening between months 1 and 3 (+4.38 μm for central ST; P < .001), remaining stable thereafter. After SMILE, all ST parameters remained stable from month 1. Stromal ablation prediction was higher for SMILE compared with LASIK for all SE ranges, although postoperatively such differences were significant only for ametropias ≤4 D. At 6 months, mean SMILE laser prediction error was −13.21 ± 7.00 μm, whereas LASIK prediction showed better accuracy (+0.92 ± 8.16 μm; P < .001).

Conclusions:
The accuracy of the Amaris 750 excimer laser in predicting the stromal consumption after LASIK was better than the VisuMax FS laser for SMILE. Although SMILE ST remained stable from month 1, after LASIK, mild stromal rethickening was observed up to the third month.
Treatment of Severe Excoriation Disorder With Mirtazapine: A Case Report
Authors: Keshtkarjahromi Mitra , Mariscal Jonathan , Dempsey Kendall , Tonarelli Silvina 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Excoriation disorder is a disabling behavioral disorder characterized by compulsive and repetitive picking of the skin. Excoriation disorder has a lifetime prevalence of 3% to 5% in the general population, and it is most common in females. Its course is chronic, and it is characterized by fluctuating and frequent periods of exacerbation. Excoriation disorder is commonly comorbid with several psychiatric disorders. The treatment of this disorder is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Current literature has described an improvement in skin picking when patients are treated with fluoxetine or escitalopram; other studies have involved augmentation strategies using antipsychotics, such as olanzapine and aripiprazole; serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; and N-acetyl-cysteine. Other pharmacological therapies include lamotrigine and opioid antagonists. Psychotherapies are additional nonpharmacological treatment modalities to consider in this condition.

Methods
We report the case of a 60-year-old Hispanic woman with severe excoriation disorder and several psychiatric comorbidities who responded remarkably to augmentation treatment with mirtazapine.

Conclusion
Mirtazapine is a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant, and its antihistaminergic effect can relieve skin itching and pain.
A Systems-Based Framework for Immunisation System Design: Six Loops, Three Flows, Two Paradigms
Authors: Decouttere Catherine , Vandaele Nico , De Boeck Kim , Banzimana Stany 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite massive progress in vaccine coverage globally, the region of sub-Saharan Africa is lagging behind and not on track for Sustainable Development Goal 3 by 2030. Sub-national under-immunisation, related to geographical and social heterogeneity, is part of the problem. System-wide changes could transform current immunisation systems to become more sustainable, resilient and inclusive. A framework is proposed that captures the complexity of immunisation systems and offers directions for sustainable redesign. Insights were extracted from literature, stakeholder workshops, and field research in Rwanda and Kenya. A conceptual model of the national immunisation system was co-developed and validated with stakeholders. Leverage points were suggested for intervention scenario building. The Immunisation System Diagram assembles the paradigms of planned and emergency immunisation in one system and emphasizes the synchronized flows of vaccine receiver, vaccinator and vaccine. Six feedback loops capture the main subsystems. Sustainability and resilience are assessed based on loop dominance and dependency on exogenous factors such as donor funding and vaccine stockpiles. In group model building workshops, the diagram invites stakeholders to share their mental models, to assess the system’s performance and to trigger detection of root causes and leverage points. The framework provides a systems-approach for problem structuring and policy design.
A regression discontinuity analysis of the social distancing recommendations for older adults in Sweden during COVID-19
Authors: Bonander Carl , Stranges Debora , Gustavsson Johanna , Almgren Matilda , Inghammar Malin , Moghaddassi Mahnaz , Nilsson Anton , Franks Paul W , Gomez Maria , Fall Tove , Björk Jonas ,   COVID Symptom Study Sweden
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo study the impact of non-mandatory, age-specific social distancing recommendations for older adults (70+ years) in Sweden on isolation behaviors and disease outcomes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsOur study relies on self-reported isolation data from COVID Symptom Study Sweden (n = 96,053) and national register data on COVID-19 hospitalizations, deaths, and confirmed cases. We use a regression discontinuity design to account for confounding factors, exploiting the fact that exposure to the recommendation was a discontinuous function of age.ResultsBy comparing individuals just above to those just below the age limit for the policy, our analyses revealed a sharp drop in the weekly number of visits to crowded places at the 70-year-threshold (−13%). Severe COVID-19 cases (hospitalizations or deaths) also dropped abruptly by 16% at the 70-year-threshold. Our data suggest that the age-specific recommendations prevented approximately 1,800 to 2,700 severe COVID-19 cases, depending on model specification.ConclusionThe non-mandatory, age-specific recommendations helped control the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden.
FAIR-IFICATION OF STRUCTURED CLINICAL DATA
Authors: Gouthamchand Varsha , Dekker Andre , Wee Leonard , van Soest Johan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the common concerns in clinical research is improving the infrastructure to facilitate the reuse of clinical data and deal with interoperability issues. FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) Data Principles enables reuse of data by providing us with descriptive metadata, explaining what the data represents and where the data can be found. In addition to aiding scholars, FAIR guidelines also help in enhancing the machine-readability of data, making it easier for machine algorithms to find and utilize the data. Hence, the feasibility of accurate interpretation of data is higher and this helps in obtaining maximum results from research work. FAIR-ification is done by embedding knowledge on data. This could be achieved by annotating the data using terminologies and concepts from Web Ontology Language (OWL). By attaching a terminological value, we add semantics to a specific data element, increasing the interoperability and reuse. However, this FAIR-ification of data can be a complicated and a time-consuming process. Our main objective is to disentangle the process of making data FAIR by using both domain and technical expertise. We apply this process in a workflow which involves FAIR-ification of four independent public HNSCC datasets from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). This approach converts the data from the four datasets into Linked Data using RDF triples, and finally annotates these datasets using standardized terminologies. By annotating them, we link all the four datasets together using their semantics and thus a single query would get the intended information from all the datasets.
Estimated Veterans Health Administration costs for Alzheimer’s disease treatment with aducanumab
Authors: Haimovich Adrian D. , Goulet Joseph L. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Tarabar Asim , Patwa Huned S , Hwang Ula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe approval of aducanumab for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease has been met with significant public concern. Projections of annual cost across United States Medicare beneficiaries are in the tens of billions of dollars. Here, we performed an electronic health record review of Veterans Affairs beneficiaries, identifying 151,921 individuals (1.7%) with diagnosis codes for Alzheimer’s disease. We estimate that treatment for this cohort will cost in excess of $4 billion annually with further expenditures for associated screening, consultations, imaging, and therapeutic monitoring. The magnitude of projected expenditures necessitates early assessment of drug cost effectiveness.