bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of international shipping emissions on ozone and PM2.5 in East Asia during summer: the important role of HONO and ClNO2
Authors: Dai Jianing , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ocean-going ships emit large amounts of air pollutants such as
nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter. NOx emitted from ships can
be converted to nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2), which
produce hydroxyl (OH) and chlorine (Cl) radicals and recycle NOx, thereby
affecting the oxidative capacity and production of secondary pollutants.
However, these effects have not been quantified in previous investigations
of the impacts of ship emissions. In this study, a regional transport model
(WRF-Chem) revised to incorporate the latest HONO and ClNO2 processes
was used to investigate their effects on the concentrations of ROx
(RO2 + HO2 + OH) radicals, ozone (O3), and fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) in Asia during summer. The results show that the ship-derived
HONO and ClNO2 increased the concentration of ROx radicals by
approximately 2–3 times in the marine boundary layer. The enhanced
radicals then increased the O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in marine
areas, with the ship contributions increasing from 9 % to 21 %
and from 7 % to 10 % respectively. The largest ROx enhancement was
simulated over the remote ocean with the ship contribution increasing from
29 % to 50 %, which led to increases in ship-contributed O3 and
PM2.5 from 21 % to 38 % and from 13 % to 19 % respectively. In
coastal cities, the enhanced levels of radicals also increased the maximum
O3 and averaged PM2.5 concentrations from 5 % to 11 % and from
4 %–8 % to 4 %–12 % respectively. These findings indicate
that modelling studies that do not consider HONO and ClNO2 can
significantly underestimate the impact of ship emissions on radicals and
secondary pollutants. Therefore, it is important that these nitrogen
compounds be included in future models of the impact of ship emissions on
air quality.
Analisis Peningkatan Pendapatan Melalui Usaha Rumahan Produksi Kerupuk Akibat Pandemi
Authors: Julialevi Karina Odia , Ardila Kangza 
Published: June 2021

Kegiatan ekonomi di Indonesia terhambat akibat pandemi Covid-19. Banyak perusahaan yang terpaksa melakukan PHK terhadap pekerja atau buruh. Demi menyambung pendapatan, tidak sedikit dari mereka yang memilih untuk membuka usaha di rumah. Peluang pendapatan dari usaha rumahan cukup menguntungkan dan risiko dari usaha rumahan kecil. Hal ini dijadikan alternatif bagi mereka untuk mencukupi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Salah satu usaha rumahan yang dapat dikembangkan yaitu usaha produksi kerupuk. Kerupuk merupakan makanan ringan yang sangat familiar dan digemari masyarakat. Metodelogi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data peneliti melakukan observasi dan wawancara kepada pemilik usaha poduksi. Keuntungan yang didapat dari usaha ini cukup besar karena sudah banyak memiliki pelanggan tetap dan usaha ini sudah cukup dikenal oleh masyarakat.
Aspect Based Sentimen Analysis Opini Publik Pada Instagram dengan Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Muhammad Arief Rahman  , Herman Budianto  , Esther Irawati Setiawan  
Published: June 2021

Internet sebagai sarana informasi dan komunikasi sudah sangat dikenal di kalangan masyarakat dalam menawarkan kemudahan dan fleksibilitas yang cukup memadai ketika menjadi media. Oleh karena itu opini publik terhadap Operator Telekomunikasi merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk dijadikan patokan. Namun, untuk mengevaluasi umpan balik online itu, bukan masalah sederhana. Kadang-kadang ketika menganalisis ulasan online yang berkembang pesat ini, menjadi sulit untuk mengkategorikan apakah opini pelanggan puas atau tidak puas terhadap produk dan layanan. Selain itu, sebagai bagian dari peningkatan kualitas mereka, organisasi seperti jasa ini perlu mengklasifikasikan aspek produk dan layanan yang paling disukai pelanggan. Deep Learning adalah area baru dalam penelitian Machine Learning, yang telah diperkenalkan dengan tujuan menggerakkan Machine Learning lebih dekat dengan salah satu tujuan aslinya yaitu Artificial Intelligence. Deep Learning adalah tentang belajar beberapa tingkat representasi dan abstraksi yang membantu untuk memahami data seperti gambar, suara, dan teks. Convolutional Neural Network adalah salah satu contoh metode Deep Learning. Metode Convolutional Neural Network diharapkan dapat digunakan dalam pengimplementasian opini publik untuk keperluan data training yang dikumpulkan dari beragam data yang dianotasikan kelas sentimennya secara otomatis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan dari 4 aspek dan 3 sentimen maka didapatkan nilai rata-rata precision, recall, dan f1-score adalah precision 97.6%, recall 84%, f1-score 90.3%. Bisa disimpulkan score representation ini dapat digunakan untuk klasifikasi sentimen.
The Radical Politics of Subplot: Election and Narrative Collision in Felix Holt
Authors: Yoo Jungmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article rethinks the underestimated radical potential of George Eliot's Felix Holt: The Radical (1866) by examining how the novel envisions the political sphere of the election as a heterogeneous narrative site that culminates narrative collision, wherein different strands of plot and subplot collide in unpredictable yet explicit ways. While the novel's multiplot structure already harbors subversive potential in that various subplots conspire to thwart the development of relatively conspicuous narrative strands, the fact that these defiant and competitive narrative energies overlap in Treby Magna's electoral occasions suggests Eliot's attempt to reconfigure this political sphere as vitally inclusive and radically unsettling. By examining such procedures, it is not only possible to think beyond previous criticism that has deemed the novel either conservative or radical elsewhere than in the realm of politics, but also possible to newly understand the depth and complexity of Eliot's radical imagination.
Pioneering George Eliot Scholar: A Tribute, Part I
Authors: Baker William 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This tribute to the pioneering George Eliot scholar, Alfred Abraham Möller, is in two parts. In the first, William Baker explicates Möller's contribution to Eliot scholarship and his personal indebtedness to Möller's work. In the second part, Erika Hirsch, assisted by Markus Neacey, provides biographical details and the immediate historical, social, and political background from which Möller's work emerged.
Trust Zones: A Path to a More Secure Internet Infrastructure
Authors: Clark David , claffy kc 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
This article describes a data-driven approach to improve the security of the Internet infrastructure. We identify the key vulnerabilities, and describe why the barriers to progress are not just technical, but embedded in a complex space of misaligned incentive, negative externalities, lack of agreement as to priority and approach, and missing leadership. We describe current trends in how applications are designed on the Internet, which leads to increasing localization of the Internet experience. Exploiting this trend, we focus on regional security rather than unachievable global security, and introduce a concept we call zones of trust.
When Being Connected is not Enough: An Analysis of the Second and Third Levels of the Digital Divide in a Developing Country
Authors: Ogbo Erezi , Brown Tim , Gant Jon , Sicker Douglas 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The Internet has been identified as a tool to overcome poverty; by improving communication, facilitating innovation, and driving economic growth. However, as seen in studies on the benefits of Internet adoption and use, the welfare effect of technology is not only based on its adoption, but also from the type of use. In this study, we identified distinct classifications and predictors of Internet activities (second-level digital divide) and Internet outcomes (third-level digital divide) relevant to Sub-Saharan Africa. We discuss possible policies to bridge these levels of the digital divide and raise questions for further research in the area.
Caracterización de la macrofauna edáfica en diferentes sistemas agroforestales, en el Municipio de San Ramón, Departamento de Matagalpa, Nicaragua
Authors: Quiroz Medina Conrado R. , Castellón Juan D. , Cea Navas Noelia E. , Ortiz Mirna S. , Zuniga-Gonzalez Carlos A. 
Published: June 2021

El presente estudio de focalizo en caracterizar la macrofauna edáfica en tres diferentes sistemas agroforestales: CMIEA: Café, musáceas, Inga, Erithryna y árboles, CIE: Café, Inga, Erithryna y árboles y CA: Café y árboles en época seca y época lluviosa. Cada sistema tenía 900m2, presentaban aproximadamente 6 especies arbóreas por sistema. Se tomaron 32 monolitos por época, y este se dividió en cuatros estratos (hojarasca, 0 a 10cm, 10 a 20cm y 20 a 30cm) con el método recomendado por el Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme. La macrofauna se conservó en alcohol al 70%, exceptuando las lombrices que fueron preservadas con formalina al 4% y se trasladaron al Laboratorio de Entomología del Departamento de Agroecología de la UNAN-León para su respectiva edificación. Los resultados demuestran que los valores mayores de la abundancia se presentaron en la época lluviosa (391 individuos) y en la época seca (324 individuos). La mayor abundancia se encontró en el sistema CMIEA (162 individuos) en la época lluviosa y mínima en el sistema CA (91 individuos) en la época seca. El índice de diversidad de Shannon fue más alto en el sistema CA (2.73) en la época seca y mínimo en el sistema CIE (1.44). Los arreglos de los sistemas agroforestales no influyen en la abundancia de la macrofauna, sin embargo, favorece la presencia de especie de Philoscidae y lombrices de suelos orden Haplotaxida.
Diseño térmico de un intercambiador de calor de doble tubo aleteado para el enfriamiento de metanol
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Amaury , Valero Almanza Greisy Ivety , Ranero González Elizabeth , Pérez Sánchez Eddy Javier 
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se efectuó el diseño térmico de un intercambiador de calor de doble tubo con tubos aleteados para efectuar el enfriamiento de metanol. Se realizaron además dos estudios de sensibilidad para determinar la influencia que presenta un incremento de tanto el caudal de alimentación (mc) como la temperatura de entrada del metanol (T1) sobre cuatro parámetros de diseño del intercambiador. El intercambiador de calor diseñado tendrá una eficiencia de la aleta de 0,236, un factor de limpieza de 0,60, un área de transferencia de calor bajo condiciones de ensuciamiento de 20,53 m2 y un número total de horquillas igual a tres para cumplir con la demanda térmica del sistema. Tanto la caída de presión calculada del agua de enfriamiento (5 880,39 Pa) como la del metanol (70 711,91 Pa) se encuentran por debajo de los límites máximos fijados por el proceso. Se necesita una potencia de bombeo de 17,52 W y 160,62 W para impulsar el agua de enfriamiento y el metanol respectivamente. Se recomienda que mc no supere los 5 800 kg/h, mientras que T1 puede incrementarse hasta 80 ºC sin que esto afecte negativamente la caída de presión del agua de enfriamiento, aunque esto incrementa la potencia de bombeo del agua de enfriamiento.
En el presente trabajo se efectuó el diseño térmico de un intercambiador de calor de doble tubo con tubos aleteados para efectuar el enfriamiento de metanol. Se realizaron además dos estudios de sensibilidad para determinar la influencia que presenta un incremento de tanto el caudal de alimentación (mc) como la temperatura de entrada del metanol (T1) sobre cuatro parámetros de diseño del intercambiador. El intercambiador de calor diseñado tendrá una eficiencia de la aleta de 0,236, un factor de limpieza de 0,60, un área de transferencia de calor bajo condiciones de ensuciamiento de 20,53 m2 y un número total de horquillas igual a tres para cumplir con la demanda térmica del sistema. Tanto la caída de presión calculada del agua de enfriamiento (5 880,39 Pa) como la del metanol (70 711,91 Pa) se encuentran por debajo de los límites máximos fijados por el proceso. Se necesita una potencia de bombeo de 17,52 W y 160,62 W para impulsar el agua de enfriamiento y el metanol respectivamente. Se recomienda que mc no supere los 5 800 kg/h, mientras que T1 puede incrementarse hasta 80 ºC sin que esto afecte negativamente la caída de presión del agua de enfriamiento, aunque esto incrementa la potencia de bombeo del agua de enfriamiento.
Rhythm Politics in a Changing Brazil: A Study of the Musical Mobilization of Voters by Bolsonaro and Haddad in the 2018 Election
Authors: Bøhler Kjetil Klette 
Published: June 2021

This article investigates the role of music in presidential election campaigns and political movements inspired by theoretical arguments in Henri Lefebvre’s Rhythmanalysis, John Dewey ́s pragmatist rethinking of aesthetics and existing scholarship on the politics of music. Specifically, it explores how musical rhythms and melodies enable new forms of political awareness, participation, and critique in an increasingly polarized Brazil through an ethnomusicological exploration of how left-wing and right-wing movements used music to disseminate politics during the 2018 election that culminated in the presidency of Jair Messias Bolsonaro. Three lessons can be learned. First, in Brazil, music breathes life, energy, and affective engagement into politics—sung arguments and joyful rhythms enrich public events and street demonstrations in complex and dynamic ways. Second, music is used by right-wing and left-wing movements in unique ways. For Bolsonaro supporters and right-wing movements, jingles, produced as part of larger election campaigns, were disseminated through massive sound cars in the heart of São Paulo while demonstrators sang the national anthem and waved Brazilian flags. In contrast, leftist musical politics appears to be more spontaneous and bohemian. Third, music has the ability to both humanize and popularize bolsonarismo movements that threaten human rights and the rights of ethnic minorities, among others, in contemporary Brazil. To contest bolsonarismo, Trumpism, and other forms of extreme right-wing populism, we cannot close our ears and listen only to grooves of resistance and songs of freedom performed by leftists. We must also listen to the music of the right.
Experiencing Change: Rhythms of Everyday Life Between Continuities and Disruptions
Authors: Awad Sarah H. 
Published: June 2021

Change is a constant condition of everyday life that we experience and transition through while often maintaining a sense of stability and continuity. But inevitably we come across disruptive changes that call into question the meanings we take for granted and thereby rupture life as we know it. How do those changes affect our rhythms of living? How do we make meaning of the changes and subsequently act upon them? How do individual, social, and environmental changes reciprocally influence one another? These are the guiding questions of this paper. The questions are explored by means of a sociocultural psychological approach to ruptures in the life-course coupled with Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis. It is argued that those questions can be investigated within five interrelated analytical domains; time, space, the body, social others, and symbolic resources. Rather than primarily emphasizing adaptation to change, the analytical framework’s key focus is meaning-making, looking at how we integrate or resist new rhythms in our lives.
Validation of the Dutch-Language Version of the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction Score in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: van Doorn Tess , Groenendijk Ilse M. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F.M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD), like fecal incontinence and constipation, is a common symptom of disease in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The NBD score is a validated symptom-based questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions. The aim of this study was to validate the Dutch version of the NBD score in patients with MS, creating an objective measuring tool of bowel dysfunction.

Methods:
Translation and validation of the NBD score was performed according to standardized guidelines. Adult patients with MS visiting a urology department completed a set of questionnaires (test): the NBD score, the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life scale (FIQL), the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI), and the EQ-5D 3-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). After 1 to 2 weeks, the questionnaires were completed again (retest). A control group recruited at a general practitioner’s practice completed the questionnaires once. Data were analyzed for measurement properties.

Results:
Sixty-one patients and 50 controls were included. Content validity was adequate, internal consistency was moderate (Cronbach α = 0.57 and 0.41), and reproducibility was excellent (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.78). Criterion validity was confirmed; the NBD score correlated moderately/strongly with the FIQL, FISI, and EQ-5D-3L. The NBD scores in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group, demonstrating good construct validity.

Conclusions:
The Dutch version of the NBD score showed moderate to good validity and good reliability for assessment of NBD in patients with MS.
Wideband circularly-polarized bifunction devices employing composite metasurfaces
Authors: Li Hai-Peng , Wu Xiao , Ding Hai-Yang , Xin Ke-Wei , Wang Guang-Ming ,   College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi’an 710106, China,   Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China,   Zhengzhou Campus, PLA Army Academy of Artillery and Air Defense, Zhengzhou 450000, China
Published: June 2021

<sec>	Multifunctional device is powerful for promoting the development of a new generation of electromagnetic systems, and the metasurface has attracted much attention in this field due to its flexible control of amplitude, phase, and polarization of the electromagnetic wave.	</sec>	<sec>	It is very important to achieve different and arbitrary phase distributions for left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves in designing circularly polarized lenses. Here, a strategy to control the propagating phase and the geometrical phase simultaneously and independently is proposed by using a gap-loaded ring-shaped composite element. Through adjusting the arm length and the orientation of the unit cell, the propagating phase and geometric phase for the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave can be controlled independently. The combination of above two phases is used to break the inherent relationship between the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, which provides a new method of designing bifunctional devices for circular polarization. On this basis, a circularly polarized deflector with reflections in different planes and a generator with directional and vortex-shape beams are built by using the proposed composite elements. Simulated and measured results show that the bifunctional devices for circular polarization proposed in this paper can work well in a wide frequency range of 9–13 GHz.	</sec>
A Study of Fuzzy Relation and Its Application in Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Kumar Shishir , Gangwal Chhaya 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Medical diagnosis process extends within the degree to which they plan to affect different complicating aspects of diagnosis. In this research work, the concept of fuzzy relation with medical diagnosis is studied and the application of fuzzy relations to such problems by extending the Sanchez’s approach is introduced.
Method: An application of fuzzy relation with Sanchez's approach for medical diagnosis is presented. Based on the composition of the fuzzy relations, an algorithm for medical diagnosis as follows- first input the number of objects and attributes to obtain patient symptom matrix, symptom-disease matrix and the composition of fuzzy relations to get the patient-diagnosis matrix. Then find the maximum value to evaluate which patient is suffering from what disease.
Result: Using the algorithm for medical diagnosis, the disease for which the membership value is maximum gives the final decision. If almost equal values for different diagnosis in composition are obtained, the case for which non-membership is minimum and hesitation is least is considered. The output matched well with the doctor’s diagnosis.
Conclusion: In the process of medical diagnosis, state of patient are given by the patient through linguistic terminology like as temperature, cough, stomach pain etc., consideration of fuzzy sets as grades for association instead of membership grades in [0,1] is more advantageous to model the state of the patient. Similarly fuzzy relation has been introduced representing the association between symptoms and diseases. Sanchez’s approach has been extended for medical diagnosis in this reference. The approach used to form fuzzy matrix showing the association of symptoms and diseases is based on the sanchez’s approach.
Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Endothelial Function: Useful Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: El-Sehly Riham A. , Shahba Abeer A. , Elsheik Raghda G. , Selim Mahmoud F. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in RA disease. In active RA patients, the majority of cardiovascular deaths result from accelerates atherosclerosis.
Aim of the Work: The aim of this work is to assess carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT) and endothelial function by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) in Rheumatoid arthritis patients and relation to the disease activity.
Subjects and Methods: Our study included 50 RA patients, from Tanta University Hospital. 47 women and 3 men and their age ranged from 30-62 years. They were divided into group 1: 25 active RA patients, group 2: 25 inactive RA patients who were diagnosed by American College of Rheumatology (ACR) revised criteria for diagnosis of RA 1987 and disease activity was evaluated using disease activity score 28(DAS28). Group 3: 25 normal subjects as a control group. We measured C-IMT and FMD in all groups.
Results: By comparing the groups, we found that active RA patients had increased C-IMT compared to inactive rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls which is indicator of atherosclerosis. FMD of the brachial artery impaired in RA patients compared to controls which is indicator of endothelial dysfunction. There was highly statistically significant relation between duration, activity of RA disease and atherosclerosis in RA patients.
Conclusion: With increasing the frequency of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic RA patients, carotid IMT increased and FMD impaired when compared with general population. Active RA patients have increased carotid IMT and impaired FMD compared with inactive RA patients.