bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Fair Sharing Algorithms for Regulating Search as a Service API
Authors: Bagui Sikha , Fridge Evorell 
Published: February 2021

Providers of a Search as a Service (SaaS) environment must ensure that their users will not monopolize the service or use more than their fair share of resources. Fair sharing algorithms have long been used in computer networking to balance access to a router or switch, and some of these algorithms have also been applied to the control of queries submitted to search engine APIs. If a search query’s execution cost can be reliably estimated, fair sharing algorithms can be applied to the input of a SaaS API to ensure everyone has equitable access to the search engine.
The novelty of this paper lies in presenting a Single-Server Max-Min Fair Deficit Round Robin algorithm, a modified version of the Multi-Server Max-Min Fair Deficit Round Robin algorithm. The Single-Server Max-Min Fair Deficit Round Robin algorithm is compared to three other fair sharing algorithms, token-bucket, Deficit Round Robin (DRR), and Peng and Plale’s [1] Modified Deficit Round Robin (MDRR) in terms of three different usage scenarios, balanced usage, unbalanced usage as well as an idle client usage, to determine which is the most suitable fair sharing algorithm for use in regulating traffic to a SaaS API. This research demonstrated that the Single-Server Max-Min Fair DRR algorithm provided the highest throughput of traffic to the search engine while also maintaining a fair balance of resources among clients by re-allocating unused throughput to clients with saturated queues so a max-min allocation was achieved.
Reciprocity and Political Justice inNicomachean EthicsBook V
Authors: Jagannathan Dhananjay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe profusion of senses of justice inNEV.1–7 has left many readers with a general impression of chaos, but also gives rise to pressing questions about Aristotle’s conception of justice. Specifically, (1) why does Aristotle claim that there are two parts to justice as equality, but go on to discuss three types of equality in the subsequent chapters? (2) What is the relationship between political justice and the distinction between general justice and particular justice? I argue in this essay that the notion of reciprocity, central to the first question, can also help us address the second. Specifically, I show that reciprocity is not a third species of particular justice, but rather a prior condition for political community and for political justice. Political justice is best understood as a redescription of particular justice that highlights how distributive and corrective justice maintain equality among citizens in an existing political community. In addition to explaining the unity of Aristotle’s thought in these chapters ofNEV, I demonstrate a number of philosophical consequences for understanding Aristotle’s conception of justice.
Diagnostic accuracy of Schistoso
ma
ICT Ig
G
-
IgM and comparison to other used techniques screening urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria
Authors: Houmsou Robert Soumay , Wama Binga Emmanuel , Agere Hemen , Uniga John Ador , Jerry Timothy Jerry , Azuaga Paul , Amuta Elizabeth Une , Kela Santaya Larit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Schistosomiasis is a blood fluke parasitic illness affecting human lives in rural endemic areas. This study evaluated the performance of Schistosoma
ICT Ig
G
-
IgM for screening urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria.

Methods
Three hundred and seventy four (374) urine samples were examined. Reagent strips, urine filtration and Schistosoma
ICT Ig
G
-
IgM were used for analysis. Schistosoma
ICT Ig
G
-
IgM used 2 mL of each serum for serological examination. Then, 3 mL of each preserved serum was sent to LDBIO Diagnostics, France for re-examination with Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM and confirmation with SCHISTO Western blot (WB) IgG. The performance of the index tests was determined using sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive likelihood ratio (PLR). The Youden index (YI) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) were used to determine the accuracy of each test. The statistical significance was at p-value ≤0.05.

Results
The test had a sensitivity of 94.9%, specificity of 63.9%, positive predictive value of 72.4%, negative predictive value of 92.6%, and positive likelihood ratio of 2.62. Schistosoma ICT Ig
G
-
IgM had a good Cohen’s kappa index (κ=0.68), good Youden index (YI=0.58) and good diagnostic accuracy (DA=0.78).

Conclusions

Schistosoma
ICT Ig
G
-
IgM has proven to be the best technique for the screening of urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria.
Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerisation: chain polymerisation made simple
Authors: Bagheri Ali , Boniface Suzanne , Fellows Christopher M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerisation (RDRP) is one of the most exciting developments in chemistry over the past few decades, but it is rarely mentioned when polymerisation mechanisms are introduced in the final years of secondary education or first years of tertiary education. We propose that this is unfortunate, as RDRP is simpler than conventional Radical Polymerisation both conceptually and in terms of setting quantitative problems, and that it illustrates several other important features of chemistry as a human endeavour: How essential mechanistic unities are hidden by the details of how we write a chemical reaction, how a ‘bug’ in one stage of development of a process can become a ‘feature’ in a later stage, and how exciting changes can occur quite suddenly in fields thought to be mature and uninteresting.
Should Fast-Food Franchisees Pursue Entrepreneurial Orientation?
Authors: Asgharian Ehsan , Tasavori Misagh , Andersén Jim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) improves firm performance, scholars have advised that particular attention should be paid to the context. In this research, we investigate a less explored context of franchising where business systems and procedures are usually dictated to franchisees by franchisors. Therefore, whether a franchisor should allow franchisees to pursue EO (innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) is not clear. In the context of franchising, the majority of prior studies have mainly focused on the employment of EO as a unidimensional construct and at the franchisor level. In this research, we take a bottom-up perspective and evaluate the impact of different dimensions of EO on franchisees’ performance. Our analysis of a multi-group of 183 restaurant franchisees located in Sweden and Iran reveals that only the pursuit of proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness improves a franchisee’s performance and other dimensions do not play a significant role in improving performance in this context.
Independence of the Prosecution Service: European Approaches
Authors: Fiodorova Anna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, a modern state without the institution of prosecution could rarely be found. It is considered one of the crucial elements for the proper functioning of the system of justice and for the application of the rule of law through such functions as carrying out of pre-trial investigation and / or the prosecution in criminal matters, safeguarding social interests, and judicial independence. The objective of this article is to provide a brief reflection on the necessity and the content of the independence of the modern prosecutor’s office. The article is based on the policy tendencies used in the Council of Europe and the European Union and with the more profound analysis of the legal regulation of the Spanish prosecutor’s office and its conformity with these tendencies.
The COVID-19 Post -lockdown Italian Scenario from an Eco -Socio-Legal Perspective
Authors: Trabucco Fabio Ratto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper offers an analysis of the possible COVID-19 post-lockdown effects on the powerful factors that constitute the Italian national interest. The interdisciplinary perspective, being at the base of this study, considers a scenario characterized by three factors: time, budgetary policy, and communication. Since the social post-lockdown crisis began, Italy has been facing a problem of social justice in terms of participation, which is absent for now, especially in the political framework. The policy proposals should take account of unpopular decisions, whereas from a legal and geopolitical perspective it is necessary to have a more defined foreign policy, a clearer Italian positioning concerning international alliances with national interest as a reference point.
Edema óseo secundario a lesiones ligamentarias de tobillo. Hallazgos en las imágenes de resonancia magnética
Authors: Ballester-Alomar Manel , Lucar-López Gustavo , Bugallo Federico , March-Sorribes Griselda , Revuri Praneeth , Guevara Noriega Kerbi Alejandro 
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El esguince agudo de tobillo es una de las lesiones musculoesqueléticas más frecuentes. Su creciente estudio con resonancia magnética llevado a una mayor detección de edema óseo. El edema óseo por contusión consiste en una fractura ósea subcondral microtrabecular del hueso esponjoso junto con hemorragia local y edema. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar una posible relación estadística entre la lesión ligamentaria de tobillo y la localización del edema óseo.
Materiales y Métodos: Entre 2016, 2018, se analizaron 50 resonancias de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de esguince sin lesión ósea en la radiografía. Dos radiólogos independientes analizaron las secuencias T1 y T2 en los planos coronal, axial y sagital. Se comparó la localización del edema óseo y las lesiones ligamentarias con el fin de encontrar posibles asociaciones.
Resultados: No hubo diferencias en la presencia del edema óseo en relación con el ligamento lesionado como consecuencia de un esguince de tobillo (p >0,05). En general, el edema óseo fue más frecuente en la cabeza y el cuello del astrágalo (64%). No se halló una relación estadística entre la localización del edema óseo y el ligamento lesionado (p >0,05).
Conclusiones: El edema óseo es un hallazgo frecuente en la resonancia magnética después de una lesión ligamentaria a causa de esguinces de tobillo; sin embargo, no hay evidencia de una relación entre la localización del edema y el ligamento lesionado.
Nivel de Evidencia: II
Acciones y omisiones del Estado costarricense en la expansión piñera: El caso de la Zona Norte-Norte de Costa Rica
Authors: Obando Campos Alexa 
Published: February 2021

La expansión del monocultivo de piña se ha traducido no solo en mayores ingresos económicos para el país, sino también en transformaciones e impactos sociales y ambientales para los cantones productores, como es el caso de Upala, Guatuso y Los Chiles. A partir del enfoque teórico de la antropología del Estado de autores como Abrams (2015), Trouillot (2001), Jessop (2014) y Osorio (2014), se analiza el papel del Estado costarricense a través de sus políticas, prácticas, omisiones y vacíos institucionales. Además, se demuestra cómo a partir de una serie de arreglos territoriales, políticos, económicos y sociales, el Estado se convierte en cómplice de la consolidación de esta industria y la expansión territorial de este cultivo.
Mataron a Tiqui: la banalización y fascinación de la muerte en escenarios narcomenudeantes
Authors: Chacón Echeverría Laura , Umaña González Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Utilizando la narración de un asesinato, el artículo plantea una serie de interrogantes sobre el morir y hacer morir en territorios gubernamentalizados por el narcomenudeo. Utilizando la deconstrucción de etnografías y narraciones, abordamos tres formas de hacer experiencia sobre la muerte en un territorio específico, la Comunidad de Metrópolis 3. Así, pensamos la banalización, la fascinación y la gubernamentalización como dinámicas resultantes del homicidio que sirve de escena, comprendiéndolas a su vez como resultado de una contemporaneidad neoliberal. Ante lo descrito, se plantea la necesidad de pensar una salida en reconstrucción de un lazo social desgastado por la violencia que atraviesa a la comunidad.
Runciman, David. (2018). How democracy ends. New York: Basic Books.
Authors: Muñoz Portillo Juan Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Reseña del libro "How democracy ends", escrito por el politólogo y profesor de la Universidad de Cambridge, David Runciman. Reseña preparada por el subdirector del CIEP y Doctor en Política y Relaciones Internacionales, Sr. Juan Manuel Muñoz Portillo.
Profesoras universitarias: ¿Lograron abrir las puertas?
Authors: Zuleta Medina Alejandra , Hernández Vega Gabriela 
Published: February 2021

El artículo hace parte de una investigación cuyo objetivo consistió en hacer una caracterización de las docentes que ingresaron a la Universidad de Nariño durante el periodo 1965 – 2015. La metodología fue de corte cualitativo, bajo el enfoque histórico hermenéutico y se utilizó como método el estudio de caso; como instrumentos de recolección de información se utilizaron la entrevista ampliada no estructurada y la historia de vida en formato libre, con una muestra de 392 profesoras. Como uno de los principales resultados, la investigación reveló las experiencias de las participantes en el área de la docencia, la investigación y los problemas asociados al género y poder en la Universidad. Estos resultados se categorizaron según la influencia del catolicismo, activismo político, la decisión de la maternidad y las exigencias que conlleva la docencia universitaria. Una conclusión relevante está relacionada con la asimetría de las relaciones entre mujeres y hombres en los aspectos laborales y familiares, y una primera resistencia a la que se enfrentan las profesoras en la Universidad de Nariño: la exigencia laboral que conlleva conflictos en la conciliación de su vida personal y laboral.
MONITORING THE CONDITION OF VEGETABLES, FRUITS AND PLANTS USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHYMONITORING THE CONDITION OF VEGETABLES, FRUITS AND PLANTS USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
Authors: Dunaevskyi V. , Venher Y. , Liptyha A. , Kotovskyi V. , Timofeyev V. , Nazarchuk S. 
Published: February 2021

Determining the quality of fruit and vegetable products and their storage is a topical problem, as evidenced by a significant number of works from near and far abroad. These works present the worldwide experience of using various optical methods for instrumental non-destructive assessment of the maturity and commercial quality of fruit and vegetables. Despite so many scientific works on this topic, the thermographic methods require further research to find out the prospects of using modern thermal imaging systems in the agricultural sector. The paper studies the possibility of using remote-sensing infrared thermography to monitor the state of vegetables, fruit, and plants during their growth and storage. To determine the quality of fruit and vegetable products by random sampling, apples, pears, and pumpkins, with no external (visible) damage, were tested for the presence of microbial infections in them during rotting. In a laboratory environment, the plants were studied after watering to determine the process of hydration through the trunk and leaves and thus assess their condition. The research used a matrix infrared thermograph developed by V.Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The studies have shown that infrared thermography detects internal damage to fruit and vegetables and allows assessing the watering of plants and their condition. As a result of this work, it has been shown that infrared thermography, as a diagnostic method, can be recommended for timely detection of the internal development of microbial infections that lead to spoilage of vegetables and fruit during long-term storage, as well as for monitoring the state of plants during their hydration. It has been shown that infrared thermography can be used to control the quality of fruit and vegetable products before putting them in long-term storage and during it. The method allows timely detection of damage, and is helpful in studying plants in the laboratory and in the field.
QUALITY OF GARDEN STRAWBERRY FRUIT GROWN UNDER CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION
Authors: Petrova O. , Kachanova T. , Manushkina T. , Trybrat R. , Smirnova I. 
Published: February 2021

The quality of fruit of garden strawberries grown on technogenically contaminated soils has been assessed. The highest level of copper and zinc in the fruit was recorded after broadcasting the recommended quantity of the fertiliser N90P60K30. Introduction of the sorbent ameliorant GREENODIN GRAY reduced the content of copper and zinc in the strawberries by 39 and 59% respectively. Researching the early-ripening strawberry cultivars Olviya and Rozana Kyivska has revealed varietal differences in the fruit’s trace element composition. Thus, it can be considered that selection of the proper cultivar is another effective method of obtaining environmentally safe products. Both strawberry cultivars under study were characterised by intense translocation of Cu and Zn into fruit. However, the Rozana Kyivska fruit contained 3 times more copper than the cultivar Olviya did. The zinc level, too, was higher in the Rozana Kyivska fruit (by 1.5 times). When introducing the recommended quantity of the fertiliser N90P60K30, the following criteria for the potential storability and transportability of the Olviya berries were recorded: resistance to phytopathogens, dense consistency of a berry, and the dry matter content 10.08%. As a result, the Olviya berries had the longest shelf life – 7 days, when stored in cooling chambers at 0.5°С and relative air humidity 90%. The sugar-acid index in these samples had the maximum value 6.9%, but the amount of vitamin C was at a minimum. This research has become the basis for practical application of a technology of growing strawberries of the cultivar Olviya. The technology involves broadcasting the fertiliser N90P60K30 together with the sorbent ameliorant GREENODIN GRAY (500 kg/ha) during the primary tillage, and introduction of N45P30K15 with irrigation water. The resulting Olviya berries are resistant to diseases and phytopathogenic damage during storage, have high nutritional value, and are less likely to accumulate ecotoxicants. The yield of berries in the first year of using the plantation was 6,200–6,500kg/ha. The content of nitrates and heavy metals in the berries did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration.
THE USE OF TOMATO POWDER IN PRODUCTION OF MAYONNAISE
Authors: Kuznietsova I. , Khomychak I. , Petrova J. , Haibin Yu , Yarmolyuk M. , Tkachenko S. 
Published: February 2021

It has been studied how tomato powder can be used in the production of mayonnaise. The content of essential amino acids in tomato powder has been compared with the FAO/WHO norms. Fresh plum tomatoes contain 0.158g of non-essential amino acids (in terms of 100g of dry matter), which covers 4.37% of the body’s requirements according to the standardised values approved by FAO/WHO. Tomato powder contains 0.14g of non-essential amino acids. The amount of essential amino acids in fresh tomatoes is 0.216g per 100g, and in powder, it is 0.181g per 100g. The amino acids that determine the intensity of sweetness have been established to amount to 0.165g in 100g of fresh tomatoes and to 0.116g in 100g of powder. So, in the course of drying, the product’s taste qualities related to feeling sweetness are reduced. It has been determined that the organoleptic properties of a product can be improved by adding tomato powder in the amount 1.8–2.2% and using a blend of oils. The mayonnaise samples obtained were cream-coloured with red particles of tomato powder. The samples had a soft structure and a more uniform and viscous texture than the control sample. The microscopic method has shown the homogeneous consistency of the product obtained. It has been noted that the absence of structure-forming agents does not reduce the quality indicators and does not impair the consistency of the finished product. According to the organoleptic parameters, the dose of tomato powder has been determined, which improves the taste of mayonnaise and does not make it oversweet. The research results show the prospects of using tomato powder not only as a carotene-containing raw material, but also as a raw material with a high content of amino acids. Besides, the use of tomato powder can modify the taste of such a product as mayonnaise.
Caracterización sociodemográfica de la satisfacción laboral en personal hospitalario
Authors: Vázquez-Colunga Julio César , Vázquez-Juárez Claudia Liliana , Ángel-González Mario , Valadez-García Jorge Alberto , De la Roca-Chiapas José María , Colunga-Rodriguez Cecilia , Colunga-Rodr´íguez Bertha Alicia 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: El propósito de este artículo fue determinar la asociación de la satisfacción laboral con las variables sociodemográficas de trabajadores hospitalarios. Materiales y métodos : con diseño transversal y analítico en una muestra probabilística de 526 trabajadores, se aplicó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, y el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S21 / 26 que consta de seis dimensiones que permiten evaluar la Satisfacción con la Supervisión y Participación en la Organización (I), con la Remuneración y las Prestaciones (II), Satisfacción Intrínseca (III), con el Ambiente Físico (IV), con la Cantidad de Producción (V), y con la Calidad de Producción (VI). Resultados: se determinó que la edad se asoció con las dimensiones I y II con p = 0,037 yp = 0,038 respectivamente. La variable escolaridad se asoció con las dimensiones IV (p = 0,008), V (p = 0,000) y VI (p = 0,059). La variable de categoría laboral tuvo un valor de p = 0.010, p = 0.000 yp = 0.001 para las dimensiones IV, V y VI, respectivamente. Finalmente, la variable antigüedad laboral, se asoció con la dimensión I (p = 0.057). Conclusiones: se concluye que la institución estudiada en general ofrece a sus trabajadores los medios que satisfacen sus expectativas profesionales, pero se debe hacer énfasis en mejorar las dimensiones en las que se genera el descontento para forjar un ambiente propicio al desarrollo laboral de los trabajadores y así contribuir para mejorar su calidad de vida.