bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Let's talk about sex’: a patient‐led survey on sexual function after colorectal and pelvic floor surgery
Authors: Dames Nicola B. , Squire Sarah E. , Devlin Anthony B. , Fish Rebecca , Bisset Carly Nichola , Tozer Phil ,   the Respondents to the Sex After Colorectal Surgery Survey
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimDiscussions regarding sex after colorectal and pelvic floor surgery are often overlooked by clinicians. This is the first patient designed and delivered study to explore sexual function and practices after colorectal surgery. The aim was to explore the questions about sex that matter to patients and their partners following colorectal or pelvic floor surgery through a patient and public involvement survey. The results of this work will underpin the creation of a sex patient reported outcome measure.MethodsAn anonymous online survey tool (Survey Monkey™) was disseminated via social media (Twitter, Facebook). Thematic analysis was applied to 130 free text comments posted by participants to identify key themes.ResultsSome 632 individuals completed the survey. Most respondents were women (80% n = 507), 49.5% (n = 312) were married and 14% (n = 87) identified as LGBT+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender +). Indications for surgery varied: 34% were treated for ulcerative colitis (n = 214); 31% Crohn's (n = 196); 17% (n = 109) cancer; and 17% (n = 110) for perianal fistula. For patients who had a stoma formed (85%, n = 540), over half (51%, n = 324) lived with their stoma for 1–5 years. Respondents reported substantial alterations to their preferences for sexual positions, sexual activity and body confidence following surgery. Most respondents indicated that they were not offered advice about sex by a healthcare professional.ConclusionsThe survey showed a substantial impact on the mechanics of sex following colorectal surgery. Few patients were offered preoperative information regarding sex, which has implications for informed consent. This study demonstrates a clear unmet need, voiced by patients, that open dialogue is necessary preoperatively to discuss sexual (dys)function.
The impact of WIC participation on tobacco use and alcohol consumption
Authors: Kasim M. Taha , Ukert Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides food coupons and health benefits to foster in utero and postpartum development of the child. However, due to these benefits, households might reallocate income from food and healthcare services toward other goods. Utilizing data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, this article investigates the effects of participation in the WIC program on cigarette and alcohol consumption. Our results indicate that the program has no effect on prenatal smoking but increases postpartum cigarette consumption per day by 6%. WIC also has preventive benefits as it decreases prenatal alcohol consumption on the extensive and intensive margins.
Inpatient dermatology: Where are we headed? A nationwide population‐based study of Spain from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Cuenca‐Barrales Carlos , de Vega‐Martínez Marina , Descalzo‐Gallego Miguel Ángel , García‐Doval Ignacio 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBackground and objectivesInformation about hospital admissions for skin diseases is restricted to studies describing admissions to single centers, to specific wards, or only for a few diagnoses, and there is no information about the outcomes between different wards. The aim of this research is to describe hospital admissions due to dermatological diseases.Patients and methodsCross‐sectional study of hospital discharges at Spanish hospitals. Discharges were assumed to be the same as admissions.Results519,440 discharges (1.1 % of total discharges) were identified. Most admissions (60.1 %) were done from emergency departments. Only 7 % of cases were admitted to dermatology wards. The most prevalent group was cellulitis and acute lymphangitis. Median age was 57 years, and men were more common. The median length of hospital stay was four days; 40,823 (7.9 %) cases required readmission. There were 13,558 (2.6 %) hospital deaths. After adjusted analysis (by age, sex and group of diagnosis), the OR of readmission was 1.49 (95 % CI: 1.42–1.57) times higher and length of stay was 0.22 (95 % CI: 0.15–0.29) days longer in non‐dermatology wards (P < 0.0001). From 2006–2016, admissions to dermatology wards decreased 38 %, while in non‐dermatology wards they increased 8 %.ConclusionsA non‐negligible number of patients require dermatological inpatient management. This is mainly provided by non‐dermatologists. Some of our findings may indicate an improved overall care by dermatologists.
Closure of gastric perforations during endoluminal resection using a novel biodegradable collagen sol: A feasibility survival study on porcine model (with video)
Authors: Uraoka Toshio , Yunoki Shunji , Sasaki Motoki , Kinoshita Satoshi , Takatori Yusaku , Hirai Yuichiro , Narita Takefumi , Ramberan Hemchand , Shimoda Masayuki , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveA prior study using porcine colon demonstrated the feasibility of a novel injectable, temperature?responsive, and biodegradable collagen sol (ICS) that transforms from a liquid to a gel state in response to body temperature for endoscopic closure of perforation during endoscopic resection (ER). This study aims to report the acute and survival outcomes of ICS for gastric perforations during ER.MethodsIn two experiments using nine live pigs under general anesthesia, four and six perforations (3‐5\xA0mm) were created using an electrosurgical knife in acute and survival experiments, respectively. ICS was delivered to the perforations using an endoscopic catheter. In Experiment 1, a leak test and histopathology were performed on all explanted stomachs after euthanization. In Experiment 2, perforation sites were assessed by gastroscopy and histopathology 7, 14 and 28\xA0days post?procedure.ResultsIn Experiment 1, gastroscopy confirmed complete closure of the perforations with ICS and no evidence of leak. Subsequent histopathology revealed a fixation of collagen gel (CG) as a sealant agent at the perforation sites. There were no adverse effects related with ESD or the use of ICS. In Experiment 2, histopathology revealed a fixation of CG as a sealant agent, replacement with granulation tissue and no CG; and fibrotic tissue at 7, 14 and 28\xA0days, respectively.ConclusionsThis study presents a novel method using ICS, demonstrating promising efficacy and safety profile for endoscopic closure of perforations during ER. Further studies are necessary before translating to clinical use.
The DAFNEplus programme for sustained type 1 diabetes self management: Intervention development using the Behaviour Change Wheel
Authors: Stanton‐Fay Stephanie H. , Hamilton Kathryn , Chadwick Paul M. , Lorencatto Fabiana , Gianfrancesco Carla , de Zoysa Nicole , Coates Elizabeth , Cooke Debbie , McBain Hayley , Heller Simon R. , Michie Susan ,   the DAFNEplus study group
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsSelf‐management programmes for type 1 diabetes, such as the UK’s Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE), improve short‐term clinical outcomes but difficulties maintaining behavioural changes attenuate long‐term impact. This study used the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework to revise the DAFNE intervention to support sustained behaviour change.MethodsA four‐step method was based on the BCW intervention development approach: (1) Identifying self‐management behaviours and barriers/enablers to maintain them via stakeholder consultation and evidence synthesis, and mapping barriers/enablers to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐Behaviour (COM‐B) model. (2) Specifying behaviour change techniques (BCTs) in the existing DAFNE intervention using the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy (BCTTv1). (3) Identifying additional BCTs to target the barriers/enablers using the BCW and BCTTv1. (4) Parallel stakeholder consultation to generate recommendations for intervention revision. Revised materials were co‐designed by stakeholders (diabetologists, psychologists, specialist nurses and dieticians).ResultsIn all, 34 barriers and 5 enablers to sustaining self‐management post‐DAFNE were identified. The existing DAFNE intervention contained 24 BCTs, which partially addressed the enablers. In all, 27 BCTs were added, including ‘Habit formation’, ‘Credible source’ and ‘Conserving mental resources’. In total, 15 stakeholder‐agreed recommendations for content and delivery were incorporated into the final DAFNEplus intervention, comprising three co‐designed components: (1) face‐to‐face group learning course, (2) individual structured follow‐up sessions and (3) technological support, including blood glucose data management.ConclusionsThis method provided a systematic approach to specifying and revising a behaviour change intervention incorporating stakeholder input. The revised DAFNEplus intervention aims to support the maintenance of behavioural changes by targeting barriers and enablers to sustaining self‐management behaviours.
Reference‐dependent preferences, time inconsistency, and pay‐as‐you‐go pensions
Authors: Andersen Torben M. , Bhattacharya Joydeep , Liu Qing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe classic Aaron–Samuelson result argues that pay‐as‐you‐go (PAYG) pension schemes cannot coexist with higher‐return, private, retirement‐saving schemes. The ensuing literature shows if agents voluntarily undersave for retirement due to myopia or time‐inconsistency, then a paternalistic, rationale for PAYG pensions arises only if voluntary retirement saving is fully crowded out because of a binding borrowing constraint. This paper generalizes the discussion to the reference‐dependent utility setup of Kőszegi and Rabin (2009) where undersaving happens naturally. No borrowing constraint is imposed. We show it is possible to offer a non‐paternalistic, welfare rationale for return‐dominated, PAYG pensions to coexist with private, retirement saving.
Labor upgrading and export market opportunities: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Malesky Edmund J. , Mosley Layna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe explore and provide an empirical assessment of an important mechanism by which global markets can motivate labor‐related upgrading among developing country firms. New market opportunities, which result from exogenous shocks, can some producers to improve their treatment of workers. These improvements come because they are consistent with taking advantage of new opportunities. We focus specifically on how shifts in U.S. trade policy toward China in 2018 affect the willingness of foreign firms operating in Vietnam to engage in upgrading. Our analyses, based on surveys of firms in 2016, 2017, and 2018, suggest that firms respond significantly to changes in market opportunities, especially when they are primed to consider specific supply chain relationships. This market opportunity mechanism for upgrading contrasts with another widely used tool, in which developed country governments condition access to their markets upon improved human and labor rights outcomes. The former operates, in the short to medium term, at the firm level, while the latter seeks to effect change at the country level.
Rapid evolution promotes fluctuation‐dependent species coexistence
Authors: Yamamichi Masato , Letten Andrew D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that rapid contemporary evolution can play a significant role in regulating population dynamics on ecological timescales. Here we identify a previously unrecognised mode by which rapid evolution can promote species coexistence via temporal fluctuations and a trade‐off between competitive ability and the speed of adaptive evolution. We show that this interaction between rapid evolution and temporal fluctuations not only increases the range of coexistence conditions under a gleaner‐opportunist trade‐off (i.e. low minimum resource requirement [R*] vs. high maximum growth rate) but also yields stable coexistence in the absence of a classical gleaner‐opportunist trade‐off. Given the propensity for both oscillatory dynamics and different rates of adaptation between species (including rapid evolution and phenotypic plasticity) in the real world, we argue that this expansion of fluctuation‐dependent coexistence theory provides an important overlooked solution to the so‐called ‘paradox of the plankton’.
Towards a more precise – and accurate – view of eco‐evolution
Authors: Bassar Ronald D. , Coulson Tim , Travis Joseph , Reznick David N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the past 15 years, the number of papers focused on ‘eco‐evo dynamics’ has increased exponentially (Figure 1). This pattern suggests the rapid growth of a new, integrative discipline. We argue this overstates the case. First, the terms ‘eco‐evo dynamics’ and ‘eco‐evo interactions’ are used too imprecisely. As a result, many studies that claim to describe eco‐evo dynamics are actually describing basic ecological or evolutionary processes. Second, these terms are often used as if the study of how ecological and evolutionary processes are intertwined is novel when, in fact, it is not. The result is confusion over what the term ‘eco‐evolution’ and its derivatives describe. We advocate a more precise definition of eco‐evolution that is more useful in efforts to understand and characterise the diversity of ecological and evolutionary processes and that focuses attention on the subset of those processes that occur only when ecological and evolutionary timescales are comparable.Number of papers returned, by year, by a search in Web of Science with the term ‘eco‐evolutionary dynamics' as accessed on 7 January 2021.image
Can we use intraoperative high‐frequency oscillations to guide tumor‐related epilepsy surgery?
Authors: van Klink Nicole E. C. , Zweiphenning Willemiek J. E. M. , Ferrier Cyrille H. , Gosselaar Peter H. , Miller Kai J. , Aronica Eleonora , Braun Kees P. J. , Zijlmans Maeike 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn people with low‐grade intrinsic brain tumors, an epileptic focus is often located close to the lesion. High‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) in electrocorticography (ECoG) might help to delineate this focus. We investigated the relationship between HFOs and low‐grade brain tumors and their potential value for tumor‐related epilepsy surgery.MethodsWe analyzed pre‐ and postresection intraoperative ECoG in 41 patients with refractory epilepsy and a low‐grade lesion. Electrodes were designated as overlying the tumor, adjacent resected tissue (peritumoral), or outside the resection bed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative photographs. We then used a semiautomated approach to detect HFOs as either ripples (80–250 Hz) or fast ripples (250–500 Hz).ResultsThe rate of fast ripples was higher in electrodes covering tumor and peritumoral tissue than outside the resection (p = .04). Mesiotemporal tumors showed more ripples (p = .002), but not more fast ripples (p = .07), than superficial tumors. Rates of fast ripples were higher in glioma and extraventricular neurocytoma than in ganglioglioma or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET). The rate of ripples and fast ripples in postresection ECoG was not higher in patients with residual tumor tissue on MRI than those without. The rate of ripples in postresection ECoG was higher in patients with good than bad seizure outcome (p = .03). Fast ripples outside the resection and in post‐ECoG seem related to seizure recurrence.SignificanceFast ripples in intraoperative ECoG can be used to help guide resection in tumor‐related epilepsy surgery. Preresection fast ripples occur predominantly in epileptogenic tumor and peritumoral tissue. Fast ripple rates are higher in glioma and extraventricular neurocytoma than in ganglioglioma and DNET.
Equine leptospirosis: Experimental challenge of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava fails to establish infection in naïve horses
Authors: Zilch Tiago J. , Lee Jen‐Jie , Saleem Muhammad Zain , Zhang Hui , Cortese Victor , Voris Nathan , McDonough Sean P. , Divers Thomas J. , Chang Yung‐Fu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle information is available about experimental inoculation of leptospirosis in horses and the pathogenicity of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava in this host.ObjectivesTo determine the serological, clinical, pathological and haematological responses of horses to L. interrogans serovar Bratislava strain PigK151.Study designRandomised controlled in vivo experiment.MethodsTen seronegative female foals were divided into 2 groups, control (n = 4) and challenged (n = 6). The challenged group received 1 × 109 leptospires divided equally between topical ocular and intraperitoneal injections. Blood and urine samples were analysed. The temperature was recorded daily for the first 9 days, then weekly. Sera were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Automated complete blood count, differential and chemistry panel were performed. Histopathological analysis was performed on sections of liver, kidney, urinary bladder, uterine body and pineal gland. Sample culturing was performed from blood, urine, liver, kidney, reproductive tract and vitreous humour.ResultsNo pyrexia was noted. PCR and culture were negative from all samples. Differences between groups were found in CBC, differential counts and serum biochemistry panel (or profile), suggesting that leptospiral challenge triggered an inflammatory response. No evidence of leptospirosis was found from histopathological analysis. All challenged foals developed a humoral response. The MAT allowed the confirmation of the infecting serovar at a later stage, but it also revealed cross‐reactive results that were further explained by genomic analysis.Main limitationsThis experimental challenge had two main limitations: (a) the results might have varied if another strain from the same serovar had been used and (b) the use of another route of infection and a higher bacterial dose might have achieved colonisation.ConclusionsBased on these findings, it may suggest that L. interrogans serovar Bratislava is neither pathogenic nor host‐adapted serovar for horses, although these results might have varied if another strain from the same serovar had been used instead.
Changing writing/writing for change
Authors: Beavan Katie , Borgström Benedikte , Helin Jenny , Rhodes Carl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe political potential of unconventional and even transgressive forms of writing in management and organization studies has been invigorated in recent years through an explicit connection with feminist theories, ideas, and practices. The results have been a new wave of scholarship that brings together the personal, the political, and the theoretical as a means to intervene in masculine orthodoxy of organizational writing. This intervention seeks to change what and how we understand organizational phenomena, with an ultimate goal of transforming practice toward a more equal and egalitarian future. We introduce five papers that responded to a call to explore the intersections between change and academic writing, as well as an exploration of alternatives to dominant masculine academic writing styles. Such writing, we aver, might facilitate change not just in the academy, but also in organizations and by extension, society.
A survey of health information source use in rural communities identifies complex health literacy barriers
Authors: Obaremi Oluseyi Daniel , Olatokun Wole Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccess to health information is critical for good health. However, residents of rural communities may face more difficulties in accessing health information than residents in rural areas. Problems may be structural, socio‐economic and cultural.ObjectivesThe study assessed sources and challenges concerning health information access and use among residents of five rural communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.MethodsDescriptive survey design was adopted, and data were elicited from forty respondents through focus group discussions (FGD). Elicited data were thematically analysed.ResultsSeveral informal and primary information sources were often used. Residents used the radio to access health information, and they also visited hospitals/health centres, asked doctors, participated in health sensitisation programmes and consulted traditional herbalists. However, the barriers included financial problems, infrastructure problems (bad road network, unreliable electricity supplies), living far from health centres and finding suitable health information in their own language. These are individual and systemic/structural challenges.DiscussionThe focus group participants were aware of the importance of reliable health information sources, but often had to use a mixture of sources. Traditional herbalists were valued sources (more available and affordable). Health literacy problems concern education and language.ConclusionsService provision could be improved to make health information more efficient and effective for rural communities, by building on what works (e.g. health sensitisation programmes, radio programmes providing health education) and providing more multi‐lingual services. The study also confirmed the importance of evaluating traditional herbal medicine.
The incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing general anesthesia and an examination of risk factors
Authors: Sari Suleyman , Aksoy Semsi Mustafa , But Abdulkadir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnintended perioperative hypothermia, defined as core body temperature less than 36°C, is closely related to many complications such as cardiovascular diseases, peroperative hemorrhagic diathesis and impairment of drug metabolism. Determination of the incidence of perioperative hypothermia and examination of risk factors may help to prevent hypothermia and its complications.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study of 2015 patients who underwent various operations under general anesthesia, and the risk factors of developing hypothermia were analysed.ResultsThe incidence of perioperative hypothermia was 78.6%. The incidence of hypothermia within 2 hours was 56.6%, and after 2 hours, it was 100%. Mean age was 49.36 ± 16.10, and 17.8% were over 65 years old. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.96 ± 3.94 kg/m2; 60.8% of the patients had American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I score, 33.4% had ASA II and 5.8% had ASA III; 35.8% of the patients had co‐morbidities. Intravenous and irrigation fluids were unwarmed; 99.9% of the patients were warmed passively, and only 0.1% of patients received active heating intraoperatively. The incidence of hypothermia was higher in overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), elderly (>65 years) patients and those with co‐morbidities. High American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, grade 3‐4 surgery, endoscopic surgery, duration of anesthesia >2 hours, infusion or irrigation >1000 mL significantly increased the incidence of hypothermia.ConclusionThe incidence of perioperative hypothermia found was high. Important risk factors were found as prolonged duration of anesthesia and surgery, advanced age, overweight, high ASA scores, major surgeries, endoscopic operations and unwarmed fluid administration. High incidence may be reduced by raising awareness, considering fossible risk factors and following the recommendations of the guidelines on prevention of perioperative hypothermia.