bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of family socioeconomic status on toothbrushing practices in Australian children
Authors: Trinh Van Anh , Tarbit Emiri , Do Loc , Ha Diep , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between toothbrushing behavior and socio‐demographic characteristics in Australian children.MethodsData were collected through the 2012–2014 Australian National Child Oral Health Survey (NCOHS). NCOHS was a cross‐sectional survey of representative school children aged 5–14 years of Australia with a total sample size of 24,664 children.ResultsTwo‐thirds (69%) of Australian children brushed twice or more times a day and the mean age of starting toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste was 24 months. Males were less consistent with toothbrushing than females (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74–0.97) and the likelihood of brushing twice or more a day improved with the increase in age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08). Children with university educated (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.44–2.26), vocational trained parents'/guardians' (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.11–1.90), living in families with an income of >AU$120,000 (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.08–1.89) and having an overseas born parent (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07–1.58) were more likely to brush their teeth twice or more a day than their comparative counterparts. Children in households with two children (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07–1.64) were more likely to brush twice or more than single‐child households. Children with a health welfare card tended to delay the start of toothbrushing by 1.4 months in comparison to those without a welfare card. Children with one of the caregivers born overseas started brushing later than those with Australia born caregivers (B = 1.04; SE = 0.46). Children living in high income and educated families and households with two or more children tended to start toothbrushing at an earlier age.ConclusionsSeveral family socio‐demographic factors influenced toothbrushing habits in Australian children.
Oregano essential oil showed limited effects on pigs' carcass quality and haematology whereas a transcriptome analysis revealed significant modulations in the jejunum and the ileum
Authors: Hofmann Haiko Hendrik , Heusler Katharina , Roth Katharina , Pröll‐Cornelissen Maren Julia , Große‐Brinkhaus Christine , Schellander Karl , Neuhoff Christiane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPig production depends on a health and performance balance. An approach to improve intestinal health is the oregano essential oil (OEO) supplementation within a conventional diet. Intestinal integrity regulating effects, for example gene expression, of some feed ingredients are important key factors for that balance. We hypothesized that OEO affects the expression of genes associated with pigs’ intestinal integrity. In four trials, a total of 86 pigs have been used. From weaning, the ‘treated’ group (n = 42) was additionally fed an oregano flavour additive [1500 mg/kg (7.5% pure OEO)] within the basal diet. The ‘control’ group (n = 44) was kept under identical environmental conditions, except the OEO. At age of 6 months, pigs were slaughtered with an average weight of 111.1 ± 10.9 kg. In addition to automatically generated ‘Fat‐o‐Meter’ (AutoFOM) data, carcass quality factors have been measured manually. Valuable cuts of meat, such as ham and belly, were significantly reduced in the OEO group. Effects of OEO on pigs' haematologic parameters were very limited. For transcriptome analysis, the most interesting microarray expression results have been listed in a table (topTable). Selected genes were technically validated by qPCR. As a result, few significant differences in animal development and meat quality have been found between the OEO treated and the control group. Depending on OEO supplementation, we found 93 differently regulated genes in the jejunal tissue (70 up, 23 down) and 60 in the ileal tissue (48 up, 12 down). Just three genes (GRIN3B [glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B], TJP1/ZO‐1 [tight junction protein ZO‐1] and one uncharacterized gene) were affected by OEO both in jejunum and ileum. qPCR validation revealed AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3), Interferon (IFN) ‐ε, ‐ω, tight junction protein (TJP1)/ZO‐1 (ZO‐1) to be upregulated in the jejunum and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) was upregulated in the ileum of pigs that were supplemented with OEO. OEO supplementation had limited effects on pigs’ performance traits. However, we were able to demonstrate that OEO alters the expression of genes associated with adaptive immune response in pigs’ small intestine. These findings help to explain OEOs’ beneficial impact on pigs’ intestinal integrity.
Spirituality in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit: An analysis in the wake of Foucault
Authors: Voogt Ariën 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAncient philosophy is often distinguished from modern philosophy regarding its affinity to spirituality. In antiquity, philosophy meant a way of life rather than a body of knowledge. Yet according to Michel Foucault, Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit constitutes an important exception to modern philosophy’s break with spirituality, as it integrates structures of spirituality into modern forms and ideals of philosophy. This article builds on Foucault’s analysis by revealing the structures of spirituality that are present within the Phenomenology of Spirit. It argues that in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit the exercise of reason is itself understood as a spiritual exercise. The case of Hegel shows that modern philosophy is not as a whole opposed to the conception of philosophy as a way of life but contains strands that are in line with the ancient tradition.
Fatty acids can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus SaeS activity at the membrane independent of alterations in respiration
Authors: DeMars Zachary R. , Krute Christina N. , Ridder Miranda J. , Gilchrist Aubrey K. , Menjivar Cindy , Bose Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Staphylococcus aureus, the two‐component system SaeRS is responsible for regulating various virulence factors essential for the success of this pathogen. SaeRS can be stimulated by neutrophil‐derived products but has also recently been shown to be inactivated by the presence of free fatty acids. A mechanism for how fatty acids negatively impacts SaeRS has not been described. We found that unsaturated fatty acids, as well as fatty acids not commonly found in Staphylococcal membranes, prevent the activation of SaeRS at a lower concentration than their saturated counterparts. These fatty acids can negatively impact SaeRS without altering the respiratory capacity of the bacterium. To uncover a potential mechanism for how fatty acids impact SaeRS function/activity, we utilized a naturally occurring point mutation found in S. aureus as well as chimeric SaeS proteins. Using these tools, we identified that the native transmembrane domains of SaeS dictate the transcriptional response to fatty acids in S. aureus. Our data support a model where free fatty acids alter the activity of the two‐component system SaeRS directly through the sensor kinase SaeS and is dependent on the transmembrane domains of the protein.
Oviposition dynamics of Aedes aegypti in Central Argentina
Authors: Sánchez‐Díaz E. , Gleiser R. M. , Lopez L. R. , Guzman C. , Contigiani M. S. , Spinsanti L. , Gardenal C. N. , Gorla D. E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the vector of multiple arboviruses. To evaluate the association between environmental factors and the oviposition activity of Ae. aegypti in Argentina, data on the presence and abundance of eggs were collected using ovitraps, between September of 2018 and May of 2019, in the cities of Villa María, Río Cuarto and Salsipuedes (Córdoba province, Argentina). We analysed the relationships between oviposition and five environmental factors: Temperature, precipitation, vegetation cover, human population density and distance to sites with a potential high density of larval habitats, like cemeteries and trash dumps. Environmental factors' data were collected using satellite image products. The oviposition activity was randomly distributed in three cities. Using generalized linear mixed models, we show that the house where each ovitrap was placed was a source of variability in oviposition, suggesting the relevance of microsite factors and the importance of domestic control actions. Ae. aegypti oviposition was positively correlated with night‐time temperature of the previous 3 weeks, and in a context‐dependent manner, it was positively correlated with human population density, vegetation cover and precipitation. The consistency and magnitude of these relationships varied between cities, indicating that oviposition is related to a complex system of environmental variables.
Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in stable kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Oki Rikako , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Komaru Yohei , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Matsuura Ryo , Akari Seigo , Nakamura Takashi , Murase Takayo , Doi Kent , Nangaku Masaomi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimXanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is known as an enzyme related to purine metabolism, catalysing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. We investigated the relationship between plasma XOR activity in stable kidney transplantation (KT) recipients and carotid artery lesions.MethodsA total of 42 KT patients visiting our outpatient clinic on regular basis were recruited. Associations between plasma XOR activity and the existence of plaque in the common carotid artery (CCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA) and maximum intima‐medial thickness (IMT) of CCA (max‐CIMT) > 0.9 mm were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAt blood sampling, the mean and SD patient age was 52.7 ± 13.8 years old. Plasma XOR(pmol/h/ml) activity was significantly higher in patients with CCA/ICA plaque or max‐CIMT >0.9 mm than those without. [23.9 (11.8, 38.3) vs. 8.29 (6.67, 17.5), p < .01, 23.9 (16.9, 71.2) vs. 9.16 (6.67, 28.2), p = .01] Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed age and plasma XOR activity as independent predictors of CCA/ICA plaque or max‐CIMT >0.9 mm. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses revealed that the cutoff value of plasma XOR activity for the diagnosis of CCA/ICA plaque or CCA‐IMT > 0.9 mm was 16.3 pmol/h/ml.ConclusionPlasma XOR activity is associated independently with atherosclerotic changes in the carotid artery of stable post‐KT patients.
microRNA‐491‐5p regulates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Liang Chao , Lin Xiao , Liu Changying , Li Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesOsseointegration of oral implants has a low success rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. This is because of the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in the jawbone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, in which the expression of microRNA(miR)‐491‐5p is significantly downregulated, as ascertained through gene chip screening. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms involved in the influence of miR‐491‐5p on osteogenic differentiation.Subjects and methods: Jawbone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from jawbones of patients with type 2 diabetes and subjected to bioinformatics and functional analyses. Osteogenesis experiments were conducted using the isolated cells and an in vivo model.ResultsKnockdown and overexpression experiments revealed the positive effects of miR‐491‐5p expression on osteogenic differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, a dual‐luciferase assay revealed that miR‐491‐5p targeted the SMAD/RUNX2 pathway by inhibiting the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor.ConclusionsmiR‐491‐5p is vital in osteogenic differentiation of jawbone mesenchymal stem cells; its downregulation in type 2 diabetes could be a major cause of decreased osteogenic differentiation. Regulation of miR‐491‐5p expression could improve osteogenic differentiation of jawbone mesenchymal stem cells in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Etio‐histomorphogenesis of styloid enlargement—A novel and extensive light microscopic analysis of 10 cases of Eagle’s syndrome
Authors: Jeyaraj Priya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAim & ObjectivesTo carry out detailed light microscopic analysis of excised specimen of elongated styloid processes (ESPs) from patients suffering from Eagle's syndrome (ES). To thus gain a clear and precise insight into the aetiology, origin, development and progression of styloid enlargement, and to accurately hypothesize the underlying histopathological mechanisms bringing about their thickening and elongation.Study Design & SettingThis 3‐year study was conducted in 10 patients of ES, who were treated by transoral styloidectomy. The excised ESPs were subjected to a systematic and comprehensive histological analysis of sections from their base, mid and apical thirds.Material & MethodsImaging and diagnostic workup, operative procedure, postsurgical protocols and regimen, tissue processing and analysis of excised specimen were the same in all patients.ResultsImmature woven bone trabeculae and dystrophic calcifications were found within fibrocollagenous mesenchymal condensations of the stylohyoid ligament (SL) at the apical region of the ESPs, and in the tendinous insertions of the styloid group of muscles into the ESPs, indicative of their osseous metaplasia as a form of reactive response.ConclusionRepetitive stress, traction or traumatic stimuli brought to bear upon the apices and lateral surfaces of styloid processes via tendinous insertions of the SL and styloid group of muscles, as a result of neck and hyoid movements, are likely to serve as triggering factors, stimulating an osseous metaplasia of connective cells within these mesenchymal structures as well as in the periosteal fibrous tissue, into osteoblasts and osteocytes. This reactive response is followed by osteogenesis and laying down of woven bone at these sites, resulting in increase in length and circumference of the SPs and their attendant, associated clinical sequelae.
Biphasic clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: An aggressive metastatic neoplasm
Authors: Titinchi Fadi , Ebrahim AK , Mahomed Naeem , Afrogheh Amir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe recent classification of odontogenic tumours includes the entities clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) and clear cell ameloblastoma (CCAM) under the unifying name CCOC. The lack of ameloblastic differentiation in many cases of CCOC, its more aggressive behaviour and unique molecular profile suggest a distinct entity which merits its own standing in the classification of odontogenic carcinomas.Case reportA 53‐year‐old male presented with excessive hyperplastic tissue in the anterior maxilla. Microscopic examination disclosed a biphasic clear cell neoplasm with nests of polygonal clear cells, surrounded by intensely eosinophilic flattened cells. The tumour cells were immunoreactive for MNF 116, CK 14, CK 19, CK 5 and EMA. The proliferation index, Ki67, was low and its expression, similar to the basal‐cell‐specific cytokeratins (CK 14 and CK5), was confined to the peripheral cells. Molecular studies confirmed EWSR1 gene rearrangements. An anterior maxillectomy was performed, supplemented with radiotherapy. Three years after resection, multiple metastatic bodies were detected in the lung and the patient passed away 1 year later.ConclusionThis case further supports the notion that CCOC with biphasic histomorphology appears to have a high mortality rate, and it may be wise to treat and monitor these patients more aggressively.
Predictors of shoulder limitations and disability in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: Importance of device size
Authors: Cosgun Muharrem Said , Cosgun Cansu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenerator‐induced shoulder impairment is a common complication of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation. Although implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) have become smaller in size, they are still bigger than pacemakers (PMs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of single‐chamber PM and ICD sizes on shoulder function.MethodsThis retrospective study included 200 consecutive patients, of whom 123 had PMs and 77 had ICDs. The CIED implantation effects on shoulder function, pain, disability, and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated. The range of motion (ROM), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), and Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) Health Survey (Physical and Mental Component Summary [PCS and MCS]) were used.ResultsThe flexion and abduction range limitation rates were significantly higher in the ICD group than in the PM group (16.9% vs. 7.3%, p = .035 and 19.5% vs. 8.9%, p = .031, respectively). The two groups had similar VAS scores. The median QuickDASH score was significantly higher in the ICD group than in the PM group (8.2 [3.6–19.6] vs. 4.6 [2.6–17.9], p = .034). There were no significant differences in SF‐36 components between the two groups. ICD implantation (OR: 1.642, 95% CI: 1.293–2.776; p = .001) and incision length (OR: 1.343, 95% CI: 1.194–2.064; p = .01) were independent predictors of shoulder ROM limitations.ConclusionsReduced device sizes with advancing technology can decrease shoulder functional limitations and disability after implantation. Healthcare professionals should not neglect shoulder evaluations during the pre‐ and postimplantation periods.
Are depressed patients’ coping strategies associated with psychotherapy treatment outcomes?
Authors: Tait James , Edmeade Laura , Delgadillo Jaime 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundIn theory, depression is thought to be associated with deficits in adaptive and excesses in maladaptive coping strategies. This study aimed to investigate associations between coping strategies and depression treatment outcomes.MethodParticipants (N = 126) completed measures of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies before and after accessing evidence‐based psychotherapies for depression. The primary outcome was self‐reported depression severity measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Hierarchical regression was used to investigate associations between coping strategies and post‐treatment depression symptoms, controlling for therapeutic alliance and relevant demographics.ResultsLower pre‐treatment engagement coping and higher rumination predicted higher post‐treatment depression, but both of these effects became non‐significant after controlling for baseline depression severity. Similarly, correlations between change in rumination and change in depression were no longer significant after controlling for baseline severity.ConclusionsDeficits in adaptive (engagement) and excesses in maladaptive (rumination) coping strategies may simply be proxy indicators (epiphenomena) of depression severity.Practitioner points

Lower pre‐treatment engagement coping predicted higher post‐treatment depression

Higher pre‐treatment rumination predicted higher post‐treatment depression

Change in rumination during treatment correlated with change in depression symptoms

However, none of the above associations remained statistically significant after controlling for baseline depression severity
Variation in nectar quality across 34 grassland plant species
Authors: Venjakob C. , Ruedenauer F. A. , Klein A.‐M. , Leonhardt S. D. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Floral nectar is considered the most important floral reward for attracting pollinators. It contains large amounts of carbohydrates besides variable concentrations of amino acids and thus represents an important food source for many pollinators. Its nutrient content and composition can, however, strongly vary within and between plant species. The factors driving this variation in nectar quality are still largely unclear.

We investigated factors underlying interspecific variation in macronutrient composition of floral nectar in 34 different grassland plant species. Specifically, we tested for correlations between the phylogenetic relatedness and morphology of plants and the carbohydrate (C) and total amino acid (AA) composition and C:AA ratios of nectar.

We found that compositions of carbohydrates and (essential) amino acids as well as C:AA ratios in nectar varied significantly within and between plant species. They showed no clear phylogenetic signal. Moreover, variation in carbohydrate composition was related to family‐specific structural characteristics and combinations of morphological traits. Plants with nectar‐exposing flowers, bowl‐ or parabolic‐shaped flowers, as often found in the Apiaceae and Asteraceae, had nectar with higher proportions of hexoses, indicating a selective pressure to decelerate evaporation by increasing nectar osmolality.

Our study suggests that variation in nectar nutrient composition is, among others, affected by family‐specific combinations of morphological traits. However, even within species, variation in nectar quality is high. As nectar quality can strongly affect visitation patterns of pollinators and thus pollination success, this intra‐ and interspecific variation requires more studies to fully elucidate the underlying causes and the consequences for pollinator behaviour.
Extended longevity of Erwinia amylovora vectored by honeybees under in vitro conditions and its capacity for dissemination
Authors: Choi Hyun Ju , Kim Yeon Ju , Park Duck Hwan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFire blight outbreaks in Korea were first reported in 2015. Regular outbreaks have occurred since, indicating a continuous cycle of the fire blight pathogen in Korea. We determined the role of Apis mellifera (honeybee) as a vector of Erwinia amylovora by verifying the following: (a) E. amylovora longevity in/on honeybees; (b) the most common body parts that carry the bacteria; (c) the rate of bacterial spread to healthy host organs; and (d) the relationship between dispersal of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) and virulent bacterial cells. E. amylovora survived for 15 days on the exterior of honeybee bodies and was most abundant on the abdomen in comparison to other areas such as the labellum, wings, and hind legs. In the digestive system of honeybees, E. amylovora survived for 7 days, and bacteria were found in faeces for 3 days after exposure. The bacteria are likely to be VBNC on honeybees. Honeybees that were contaminated with bacteria transferred E. amylovora to healthy immature apple fruit, shoots, and flowers for 10 days after exposure. E. amylovora was also transferred from inoculated plant parts to uncontaminated honeybees. In addition, bacteria moved from inoculated plant tissues to unexposed honeybees and then from these honeybees to healthy plant tissues. Therefore, E. amylovora can survive in/on honeybees for extended amounts of time, which contradicts previous reports. The bacteria moved to host tissues via honeybees, suggesting that honeybees are the vectors of E. amylovora and play a role in the development of new outbreaks of fire blight disease in the central regions of Korea.