bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced generation of influenza-specific tissue resident memory CD8 T cells in NK-depleted mice
Authors: Rose David L. , Reagin Katie L. , Oliva Kimberly E. , Tompkins S. Mark , Klonowski Kimberly D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNatural Killer (NK) cells are among the first effectors to directly contact influenza and influenza-infected cells and their activation affects not only their intrinsic functions, but also subsequent CD8+ T cell responses. We utilized a NK cell depletion model to interrogate the contribution of NK cells to the development of anti-influenza CD8+ T cell memory. NK cell ablation increased the number of influenza-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the respiratory tract and lung-draining lymph node. Interestingly, animals depleted of NK cells during primary influenza infection were protected as well as their NK-intact counterparts despite significantly fewer reactivated CD8+ T cells infiltrating the respiratory tract after lethal, heterosubtypic challenge. Instead, protection in NK-deficient animals seems to be conferred by rapid reactivation of an enlarged pool of lung tissue-resident (TRM) memory cells within two days post challenge. Further interrogation of how NK cell ablation enhances respiratory TRM indicated that TRM development is independent of global and NK cell derived IFN-γ. These data suggest that reduction in NK cell activation after vaccination with live, non-lethal influenza virus increases compartmentalized, broadly protective memory CD8+ T cell generation and decreases the risk of CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology following subsequent influenza infections.
Detection and quantification of γ-H2AX using a dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay
Authors: Noubissi Felicite K. , McBride Amber A. , Leppert Hannah G. , Millet Larry J. , Wang Xiaofei , Davern Sandra M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhosphorylation of the histone protein H2AX to form γ-H2AX foci directly represents DNA double-strand break formation. Traditional γ-H2AX detection involves counting individual foci within individual nuclei. The novelty of this work is the application of a time-resolved fluorescence assay using dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay for quantitative measurements of γ-H2AX. For comparison, standard fluorescence detection was employed and analyzed either by bulk fluorescent measurements or by direct foci counting using BioTek Spot Count algorithm and Gen 5 software. Etoposide induced DNA damage in A549 carcinoma cells was compared across all test platforms. Time resolved fluorescence detection of europium as a chelated complex enabled quantitative measurement of γ-H2AX foci with nanomolar resolution. Comparative bulk fluorescent signals achieved only micromolar sensitivity. Lanthanide based immunodetection of γ-H2AX offers superior detection and a user-friendly workflow. These approaches have the potential to improve screening of compounds that either enhance DNA damage or protect against its deleterious effects.
Use of omeprazole, the proton pump inhibitor, as a potential therapy for the capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome
Authors: Hiromoto Shiori , Kawashiri Takehiro , Yamanaka Natsumi , Kobayashi Daisuke , Mine Keisuke , Inoue Mizuki , Uchida Mayako , Shimazoe Takao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHand-foot syndrome (HFS), also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE), is a major side effect of capecitabine. Although the pathogenesis of HFS remains unknown, some studies suggested a potential involvement of inflammation in its pathogenesis. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of omeprazole, a PPI on capecitabine-related HFS in mice model, and a real-world database. Repeated administration of capecitabine (200 mg/kg, p.o., five times a week for 3 weeks) increased fluid content, redness, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α substance of the mice hind paw. Co-administration of omeprazole (20 mg/kg, p.o., at the same schedule) significantly inhibited these changes induced by capecitabine. Moreover, based on the clinical database analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, the group that has used any PPIs had a lower reporting rate of capecitabine-related PPE than the group that has not used any PPIs. (6.25% vs. 8.31%, p < 0.0001, reporting odds ratio (ROR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.83). Our results suggest that omeprazole may be a potential prophylactic agent for capecitabine-induced HFS.
Overcoming the limitations of patch-based learning to detect cancer in whole slide images
Authors: Ciga Ozan , Xu Tony , Nofech-Mozes Sharon , Noy Shawna , Lu Fang-I , Martel Anne L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhole slide images (WSIs) pose unique challenges when training deep learning models. They are very large which makes it necessary to break each image down into smaller patches for analysis, image features have to be extracted at multiple scales in order to capture both detail and context, and extreme class imbalances may exist. Significant progress has been made in the analysis of these images, thanks largely due to the availability of public annotated datasets. We postulate, however, that even if a method scores well on a challenge task, this success may not translate to good performance in a more clinically relevant workflow. Many datasets consist of image patches which may suffer from data curation bias; other datasets are only labelled at the whole slide level and the lack of annotations across an image may mask erroneous local predictions so long as the final decision is correct. In this paper, we outline the differences between patch or slide-level classification versus methods that need to localize or segment cancer accurately across the whole slide, and we experimentally verify that best practices differ in both cases. We apply a binary cancer detection network on post neoadjuvant therapy breast cancer WSIs to find the tumor bed outlining the extent of cancer, a task which requires sensitivity and precision across the whole slide. We extensively study multiple design choices and their effects on the outcome, including architectures and augmentations. We propose a negative data sampling strategy, which drastically reduces the false positive rate (25% of false positives versus 62.5%) and improves each metric pertinent to our problem, with a 53% reduction in the error of tumor extent. Our results indicate classification performances of image patches versus WSIs are inversely related when the same negative data sampling strategy is used. Specifically, injection of negatives into training data for image patch classification degrades the performance, whereas the performance is improved for slide and pixel-level WSI classification tasks. Furthermore, we find applying extensive augmentations helps more in WSI-based tasks compared to patch-level image classification.
A new magnetic melt spinning device for patterned nanofiber
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhao Wu , Liu Qingjie , Yu Miao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe size and morphology of nanofibers directly determine their application scope and performance, while regular patterned fibers further demonstrate their superior performance in the field of sensors and biomaterials. Melt electrospinning enables controlled deposition of fibers and is currently one of the most important means of preparing patterned fibers. However, due to the existence of high-voltage electric field, melt electrospinning has safety problems such as partial discharge and electric field breakdown, coupled with the charge rejection on the fiber surface, which seriously affects the positioning deposition of fibers and makes it difficult to obtain regular patterned fibers, greatly limiting the application areas and application effects of patterned fibers. Therefore, the improvement and innovation of the spinning process is particularly urgent. Based on material-field model and contradiction matrix of TRIZ theory, the problems of melt electrospinning device are systematically analyzed. The technical conflicts are solved by the inventive principles. A three-dimensional mobile magnetic melt spinning device model is constructed, a magnetic spinning test prototype is developed, and the prototype performance and influencing factors are studied by fiber morphology. The results show the following: (1) Replacing electrostatic fields with permanent magnetic fields can fundamentally avoid safety hazards such as electric field breakdown. (2) The magnetic field force on the molten polymer fluid can generate enough stretching force to overcome the surface tension and form fibers. (3) The fibers are deposited without a whipping instability phase similar to the electrospinning process, allowing easy preparation of regular patterned fibers. (4) The planar motion of the collector creates additional stretching effect on the fibers, which can further reduce the fiber diameter. (5) In magnetic spinning, no external high-voltage power supply is required, enabling the portability of the device. The results of this paper can provide a new method for preparing nanofibers with patterned morphology.
Surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus infections in adults, Austria, 2017 to 2019
Authors: Schubert Lorenz , Steininger Johanna , Lötsch Felix , Herdina Anna Nele , Redlberger-Fritz Monika , Tobudic Selma , Kundi Michael , Strassl Robert , Steininger Christoph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) testing is generally available in most care centres, but it is rarely performed because clinicians’ seldom suspect RSV to be the underlying pathogen in adults with respiratory disease. Here, we evaluate the impact of broad combined influenza/RSV testing on the clinical practice. Overall, 103 patients were tested positively for RSV. Our study indicates that positively tested patients were mostly of advanced age and suffered from chronic diseases. Mortality was significant in our cohort and higher in patients with advanced age. Further, we report a significant increase in detected RSV cases but also in detection rate. Together, these findings suggest that implementation of a combined influenza/RSV testing led to a significant increase in detection rate, supported clinicians establishing the correct diagnosis and allowed a safe and controlled handling of RSV patients.
None sharp corner localized surface plasmons resonance based ultrathin metasurface single layer quarter wave plate
Authors: Qian Qinyu , Liu Pengfei , Fan Li , Zhao Liang , Wang Chinhua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report on a non-sharp-corner quarter wave plate (NCQW) within the single layer of only 8 nm thickness structured by the Ag hollow elliptical ring array, where the strong localized surface plasmons (LSP) resonances are excited. By manipulating the parameters of the hollow elliptical ring, the transmitted amplitude and phase of the two orthogonal components are well controlled. The phase difference of π/2 and amplitude ratio of 1 is realized simultaneously at the wavelength of 834 nm with the transmission of 0.46. The proposed NCQW also works well in an ultrawide wavelength band of 110 nm, which suggests an efficient way of exciting LSP resonances and designing wave plates, and provides a great potential for advanced nanophotonic devices and integrated photonic systems.
Restoration and risk reduction of lead mining waste by phosphate-enriched biosolid amendments
Authors: Li Na , Tang Xi , Yang John , Sun Zhanxiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLead (Pb) contamination in environment has been identified as a threat to human health and ecosystems. In an effort to reduce the health and ecological risks associated with Pb mining wastes, a field study was conducted to stabilize Pb using phosphate (P)-enriched biosolid amendments in the contaminated mining wastes (average of 1004 mg Pb kg−1) located within the Jasper County Superfund Site, southwest Missouri. Experiments consisted of six biosolid amendment treatments, including Mizzou Doo compost (MD); Spent mushroom compost (SMC); Turkey litter compost (TLC); Composted chicken litter (CCL); Composted sewage sludge (CSS); and Triple superphosphate (TSP). Kentucky tall fescue seeds were planted following the treatments, and soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed 8–10 years post treatment. Results indicated that, in all cases, the biosolid treatments resulted in significant reductions in bioaccessible Pb (96.5 to 97.5%), leachable Pb (95.0 to 97.1%) and plant tissue Pb (45.5 to 90.1%) in the treated wastes, as compared with the control. The treatments had no significantly toxicological effect to soil microbial community. Analysis of the Pb fractionation revealed that the Pb risk reduction was accomplished by transforming labile Pb fractions to relatively stable species through the chemical stabilization reactions as induced by the treatments. The solid-phase microprobe analysis confirmed the formation of pyromorphite or pyromorphite-like minerals after the treatment. Among the six biosolid amendments examined, SMC and MD treatments were shown most effective in the context of Pb stabilization and risk reduction. This field study demonstrated that the treatment effectiveness of Pb stabilization and risk reduction in mining wastes by P-enriched biosolid amendments was long-term and environmental-sound, which could be potentially applied as a cost-effective remedial technology to restore contaminated mining site and safeguard human health and ecosystems from Pb contamination.
Decay stages of wood and associated fungal communities characterise diversity–decomposition relationships
Authors: Fukasawa Yu , Matsukura Kimiyo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship is a central topic in ecology. Fungi are the dominant decomposers of organic plant material in terrestrial ecosystems and display tremendous species diversity. However, little is known about the fungal diversity–decomposition relationship. We evaluated fungal community assemblies and substrate quality in different stages of wood decay to assess the relationships between fungal species richness and weight loss of wood substrate under laboratory conditions. Wood-inhabiting fungal communities in the early and late stages of pine log decomposition were used as a model. Colonisation with certain species prior to inoculation with other species resulted in four-fold differences in fungal species richness and up to tenfold differences in the rate of wood substrate decomposition in both early- and late-decaying fungal communities. Differences in wood substrate quality had a significant impact on species richness and weight loss of wood and the relationships between the two, which were negative or neutral. Late communities showed significantly negative species richness–decay relationships in wood at all decay stages, whereas negative relationships in early communities were significant only in the intermediate decay stage. Our results suggest that changes in fungal communities and wood quality during wood decomposition affect the fungal diversity–decomposition relationship.
Progeny fitness determines the performance of the parasitoid Therophilus javanus, a prospective biocontrol agent against the legume pod borer
Authors: Aboubakar Souna Djibril , Bokonon-Ganta Aimé Hippolyte , Ravallec Marc , Alizannon Mesmin , Srinivasan Ramasamy , Pittendrigh Barry Robert , Volkoff Anne-Nathalie , Tamò Manuele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTherophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta) is an exotic larval endoparasitoid newly imported from Asia into Africa as a classical biological control agent against the pod borer Maruca vitrata (Fabricius). The parasitoid preference for the five larval instars of M. vitrata and their influence on progeny sex ratio were assessed together with the impact of larval host age at the time of oviposition on development time, mother longevity and offspring production. In a choice situation, female parasitoids preferred to oviposit in the first three larval instars. The development of immature stages of the parasitoid was observed inside three-day-old hosts, whereby the first two larval instars of T. javanus completed their development as endoparasites and the third larval instar as ectoparasite. The development time was faster when first larval instars (two- and three-day-old) of the host caterpillars were parasitized compared to second larval instar (four-day-old). The highest proportion of daughters (0.51) was observed when females were provided with four-day-old hosts. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.21 ± 0.01), the lowest rate of increase (λ) (1.23 ± 0.01), and the lowest net reproductive rate (Ro) (35.93 ± 6.51) were recorded on four-day-old hosts. These results are discussed in the light of optimizing mass rearing and release strategies.
Exploring the Acoustic Perceptual Relationship of Speech in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Chiu Yi-Fang , Neel Amy , Loux Travis 
Published: April 2021

PurposeAuditory perceptual judgments are commonly used to diagnose dysarthria and assess treatment progress. The purpose of the study was to examine the acoustic underpinnings of perceptual speech abnormalities in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodAuditory perceptual judgments were obtained from sentences produced by 13 speakers with PD and five healthy older adults. Twenty young listeners rated overall ease of understanding, articulatory precision, voice quality, and prosodic adequacy on a visual analog scale. Acoustic measures associated with the speech subsystems of articulation, phonation, and prosody were obtained, including second formant transitions, articulation rate, cepstral and spectral measures of voice, and pitch variations. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between perceptual judgments and acoustic variables.ResultsPerceptual impressions of Parkinsonian speech were related to combinations of several acoustic variables. Approximately 36%–49% of the variance in the perceptual ratings were explained by the acoustic measures indicating a modest acoustic perceptual relationship.ConclusionsThe relationships between perceptual ratings and acoustic signals in Parkinsonian speech are multifactorial and involve a variety of acoustic features simultaneously. The modest acoustic perceptual relationships, however, suggest that future work is needed to further examine the acoustic bases of perceptual judgments in dysarthria.
Evaluation des Applanationstonometers Tono-Pen Avia® Vet™ für die Bestimmung des Augeninnendrucks bei Hunden und Katzen
Authors: Helbig Stefanie , Eule J. Corinna 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel Tonometer messen den Augeninnendruck (IOD) nur indirekt, sodass es zu Messungenauigkeiten kommt. Alle Geräte müssen daher durch vergleichende manometrische Messungen für die einzelnen Tierarten kalibriert werden. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde das Applanationstonometer Tono-Pen Avia® Vet™ (TPA) für Hund und Katze kalibriert und ein Korrekturfaktor berechnet. Anschließend wurden anhand einer augengesunden Population Referenzwerte bestimmt und der Einfluss von Alter, Körpergewicht und Geschlecht untersucht.Material und Methoden Für die manometrische Studie erfolgte bei jeweils 10 enukleierten Hunde- und Katzenaugen eine vergleichende Messung des IOD mit einem Manometer und dem TPA über den Druckbereich von 5–60 mmHg. Anhand der mittleren prozentualen Abweichung zwischen dem mit dem Manometer und dem TPA gemessenen IOD wurden Korrekturfaktoren abgeleitet. Zur Ermittlung von Referenzwerten wurde bei augengesunden Tieren der IOD mit dem TPA gemessen. Die statistische Analyse eines Einflusses von Alter, Körpergewicht und Geschlecht der Tiere auf den IOD erfolgte mit gemischten Modellen.Ergebnisse Der TPA unterschätzt bei steigendem Druck den IOD zunehmend. Durch Multiplikation des mit dem TPA gemessenen IOD bei Hunden und Katzen mit dem Faktor 1,5 lässt sich der manometrisch bestimmte, reale IOD berechnen. Es wurden 94 Hunde (188 Augen) und 64 Katzen (128 Augen) untersucht. Der Referenzbereich für den mit dem TPA gemessenen IOD beträgt für Hunde 9–18 mmHg und für Katzen 9–20 mmHg. Bei beiden Tierarten hat das Alter einen signifikanten (p = 0,001 bzw. p = 0,008) Einfluss auf den IOD: Mit höherem Alter sinkt der IOD.Schlussfolgerung Der TPA unterschätzt den wahren IOD bei steigendem Druck. Die Nutzung des berechneten Korrekturfaktors ist bei der Umrechnung des tonometrisch gemessenen IOD in den wahren IOD sinnvoll.Klinische Relevanz Der TPA eignet sich gut für die Messung des IOD bei Hunden und Katzen.
Akutes Koronarsyndrom ohne persistierende ST-Streckenhebung – Was ist neu in den 2020-Leitlinien der ESC?
Authors: Pöss Janine , Thiele Holger 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIm August 2020 wurde die Leitlinie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) zum akuten Koronarsyndrom ohne persistierende ST-Strecken-Hebungen (NSTE-ACS) publiziert. Sie beinhaltet bedeutsame Veränderungen für die klinische Praxis. Bezüglich der Diagnostik mit hochsensitivem kardialen Troponin werden schnelle Algorithmen empfohlen. Bei der Risikostratifizierung wurde die intermediäre Risikogruppe gestrichen. Patienten mit niedrigem Risiko sollten weitgehend wie Patienten mit einem chronischen Koronarsyndrom behandelt werden. Die Dauer der Antiplättchentherapie soll stärker individualisiert erfolgen. Für die invasive Diagnostik wurden einige neue Aspekte eingeführt. Es bleibt jedoch bei der sehr hohen Risikogruppe, die sofort einer Herzkatheteruntersuchung unterzogen werden sollte, und der Hochrisikogruppe, die innerhalb von 24 Stunden invasiv untersucht werden sollte. Neue Abschnitte befassen sich mit der spontanen Koronararteriendissektion (SCAD) und dem
Myokardinfarkt mit nicht obstruktiven Koronararterien (MINOCA).
Kindliche Angststörungen
Authors: Vloet Timo D. , Hacke Moritz , Romanos Marcel 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAngsterkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter überhaupt. An ihrer Entstehung sind sowohl genetische als auch psychosoziale Faktoren beteiligt. Wohingegen während der kindlichen Entwicklungsphasen verschiedene Ängste physiologisch auftreten können, stellen Angsterkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter Vorläufer späterer psychiatrischer Störungen bis ins Erwachsenenalter dar. In der erwarteten Revision des ICD werden zukünftig einige vormals nur bei Kindern diagnostizierte Angststörungen auch für das Erwachsenenalter definiert. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit geht hinsichtlich therapeutischer Optionen insbesondere auf die im Kindes- und Jugendalter klinisch häufigen Angststörungen Trennungsangst, phobische Störung, soziale Ängstlichkeit und generalisierte Angststörung ein.