bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining high-speed planar PIV and motion tracking of a flexible cylinder in cross-flow
Authors: Gundersen Diego George , Christensen Kenneth Thor , Blois Gianluca 
Published: September 2021

Most modeling studies investigating the flow dynamics in vegetation canopies are limited to rigid models as proxies for vegetation elements. However, most canopies embody some degree of structural flexibility, resulting in aeroelastic mechanisms coupling the motion of the vegetation with the surrounding flow. Studies addressing flexible canopies typically quantify either the flow or the plant motion independently, thus missing the instantaneous coupling between turbulent stresses and structural deformations. Few experiments have been devoted to measuring both quantities simultaneously. Okamoto and Nezu (2009) utilized a combined PIV-PTV technique to capture both flow and canopy motion. However, only the motion of the stem tips was captured, as opposed to the deformation of the entire stem. Py et al. (2006) employed digital image correlation (DIC) to quantify the motion of crop canopies using in-field images. However, the wind itself was not measured across the domain.
The present work presents an experimental technique that can be utilized to study the flow–structure interaction in flexible canopies, and that could be extended to other flexible and/or moving objects. High-speed PIV data of the flow surrounding an idealized canopy element, consisting of a flexible cylinder, together with the corresponding displacement field throughout the cylinder were simultaneously obtained combining fluorescent imaging and refractive index matching (RIM).
Energy spectra of Sub-Surface Velocity Fields Beneath Faraday Waves
Authors: Colombi Raffaele , Rohde Niclas , Schlüter Michael , Von Kameke Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

Faraday waves form on the surface of a fluid which is subject to vertical forcing, and are researched in a large range of applications. Some examples are the formation of ordered wave patterns and the controlled walking or orbiting of droplets (Couder et al. (2005); Saylor and Kinard (2005)). Moreover, recent studies discovered the existence of a horizontal velocity field at the fluid surface, called Faraday flow, which was shown to exhibit an inverse energy cascade and thus properties of two-dimensional turbulence (von Kameke et al., 2011, 2013; Francois et al., 2013). Additionally, three-dimensionality effects have been part of recent investigations in quasi-2D flows (both electromagnetically-driven (Kelley and Ouellette, 2011; Martell et al., 2019) or produced by parametrically-excited waves (Francois et al., 2014; Xia and Francois, 2017)). Furthermore, the occurrence of an inverse cascade in thick layers is also subject of current studies on the coexistence of 2D and 3D turbulence (Biferale et al., 2012; Kokot et al., 2017; Biferale et al., 2017). By performing 2D PIV measurements at horizontal planes beneath the Faraday waves, we recently showed that pronounced three dimensional flows occur in the bulk, with much larger spatial and temporal scales than those on the surface (Colombi et al., 2021), when the system is not shallow in comparison to typical length scales of the surface flow (fluid thickness exceeding half the Faraday wavelength λF). This in turn reveals that an inverse energy cascade and aspects of a confined 2D turbulence can coexist with a three dimensional bulk flow. In this work, 2D PIV measurements of the velocity fields are carried out at a vertical cross-section xz-plane and at four distinct horizontal xy-planes at different depths in Faraday waves. The results reveal that small and fast vertical jets penetrate from the surface into the bulk with fast accelerating bursts and strong momentum transport in the z−direction. Furthermore, the fraction of flow kinetic energy in the vertical direction is found to peak inside a layer of approximately 10 mm (one Faraday wavelength) below the fluid surface.
PIV measurements of entrainment process of directly injected media in internal combustion engines
Authors: Abdelhameed Elsayed , Aoyagi Takahide , Tashima Hiroshi , Tsuru Daisuke 
Published: September 2021

PIV measurements have been successfully applied to various flow fields relating internal combustion engines such as in-cylinder air motion, air flow in an intake port, and even a discharging passage of an ignition plug. Measurements of induced air motion around diesel sprays can be said to be a significant example of the PIV applications because the air motion is reflected in an unsteady complicated flow structure. Instead of the apparent entrainment exaggerated by spray droplet dispersing, substantial air entrainment through momentum exchange between liquid and gas was finally obtained by combining PIV and spray profile observation.
PIV measurements of this kind were extensionally applied to other direct fluid injection by the authors. The second object was a high-pressure gas jet directly injected under gas pressure as high as 30 MPa. It was found the gas jet has strong air entrainment through momentum exchange in a single gaseous phase between fuel gas and ambient air. The third directly injected medium in internal combustion engines should be torch flame ejected from nozzle holes of a pre-combustion chamber (PCC) to a main combustion chamber (MCC) of a so-called DF (dual-fuel) engine.
In this study, mixture entrainment process of torch flames is discussed on the PIV results for the first time. However, chamber configurations of a real DF engine are hard to simulate since itrequires several auxiliary PCC devices such as an ignition plug, a sub gas injector, and so on. All of them should be actuated synchronously with an engine crank angle. In the case of a constant volume vessel (CVV), the synchronization is not necessary, but the mixture control in the PCC becomes problematic because of the lack of compression and expansion strokes that assures PCCgas exchange. For overcoming the situation, rupture of a membrane was introduced in this study. The membrane turns the upper part of the PCC into an air pressure reservoir and low-pressure air jets eject from the nozzle holes after a solenoid-driven needle pierces the membrane for rupturing. The differential pressure between the upper chamber and the lower one was chosen as a main parameter of the experiment.
Since the measurements and analysis of the entrainment of the low-pressure air jets are yet to finalize, the outlook of the CVV, the PIV specifications, and prime results of the air entrainment are attached herewith. After all, the PIV measurements revealed essential difference among air entrainment processes of the above three directly injected media in internal combustion engines.
Proximate Compositions and Risk Assessment of Lead in Two Common Fishes (Labeo rohita and Barbonymus gonionotus) Collected from River and Farms of Bagerhat, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan M.A.R. , Islam M.S. , Mamun M.S.A. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Among the local fish species in Bangladesh, Labeo rohita and Barbonymus gonionotus are two popular fish species. The present work focused on proximate compositions (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) and risk assessment of lead in two common fishes (L. rohita and B. gonionotus) collected from river and farms of Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Furthermore, effect of freezing condition on fish lipid was studied.
Methods: Proximate compositions of the fish samples were determined according to conventional methods. The lead contents were analyzed by wet digestion method using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The health risks models such as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) were conducted for health risk assessment of the local people. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16.0).
Results: A positive correlation was found between moisture-protein and lipid-ash of the L. rohita fish. Besides, a positive relation was observed in ash-moisture, and lipid-protein for B. gonionotus. The lead content in river L. rohita, farm L. rohita, river B. gonionotus, and farm B. gonionotus was observed as 9.00, 9.20, 8.29, and 6.39 mg/kg, respectively. The lead content found in the fish species were above the permissible limit. The TCR revealed the carcinogenic effects to the local people due to exposure of lead.
Conclusion: This study reflects some data about proximate values of L. rohita and B. gonionotus fishes. The concentrations of lead in the fish samples were above the safe limits, and may have carcinogenic effects of the local consumers in Bagerhat, Bangladesh.
Akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı konusunda aile hekimlerinin bilgi ve yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALAY Handan , KESMEZ CAN Fatma , KAYA Zülküf , UCAR Mahmut 
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Akılcı olmayan antibiyotik kullanımı sonucu ortaya çıkan antimikrobiyal direnç, tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde giderek artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Hastaya bağlı faktörlerin yanında hekimlerin antibiyotik reçete etme konusundaki bilgi ve tutumları akılcı olmayan antibiyotik kullanımını artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amacımız ilimizdeki aile hekimlerinin antibiyotik reçete etme konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını belirleyerek akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı konusunda hekimlerin farkındalığını artırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hekimlerin antibiyotik reçete etmedeki bilgi düzeyleri ve davranışları konusunda 19 sorudan oluşan anket formu oluşturuldu. 29.12.2018-01.05.2019 tarihleri arasında 180 aile hekimi anketi doldurmayı kabul etti.
Bulgular: Aile hekimlerinin 106 (%58,9)’u erkek, 74 (%41,1)’i kadındı. Yaş ortalamaları 33± 1 (min: 24- max: 50) yıl ve ortalama hizmet süreleri 103±1 (min:1–max:300) ay idi. Hekimlerin günlük hasta sayısı ortalaması 77±1 idi. Hekimlerin 137 (%76,1)’i il merkezinde, 43 (%23,9)’u ilçede görev yapmaktaydı. Hekimlerin en sık karşılaştıkları enfeksiyon tipleri 134 (%37.5) üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ve 61(%17.1) üriner sistem enfeksiyonu idi. En sık reçete ettikleri antibiyotikler beta laktam grubu antibiyotikler idi. Hekimlerin 109 (%60.6)’u mezuniyet sonrası eğitim almadıklarını, 147(%81.7)’si akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı konusunda mezuniyet sonrası hizmet içi eğitimlerin faydalı olduğunu belirttiler. Hekimlerin 93 (%51.7)’ü antibiyotik reçete ederken baskı altında hissettiklerini ifade etti. İl merkezi ve ilçelerde çalışan hekimlerimizi antibiyotik reçete etmelerini etkileyen faktörler açısından karşılaştırdığımızda, il merkezindeki hekimlerin antibiyotik reçete ederken daha çok baskı altında hissettiklerini tespit ettik (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Doktorların akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını anlamak, akılcı antibiyotik reçete etmeleri için oldukça önemlidir. Mezuniyet sonrası eğitim çalışmaları, hekimlerin antibiyotik reçete etmelerinde olumlu iyileştirmeler sağlayacaktı
2015-2019 yılları arasında çocuk endokrinoloji servisine yatırılmış diyabetes mellitus tanılı olguların yatış durumlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ELMAOĞULLARI Selin , YİLDİRİM Nurdan , SAVAŞ ERDEVE Şenay , AYCAN Zehra , ÇETİNKAYA Semra 
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada 4 yıl süresince çocuk endokrinoloji servisinde yatırılarak izlenmiş diyabetes mellitus (DM) tanılı hastaların yatış nedenlerinin belirlenmesi ve diyabet tiplerininin yıllara göre dağılımının incelenmesi planlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2015-Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında çocuk endokrinoloji servisine yatışı yapılmış DM tanılı hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Hastalar diyabet tiplerine ve yeni/eski tanı olmalarına göre gruplandırıldıktan sonra, yeni tanı alan olguların başvurudaki metabolik durumları (hiperglisemi/ketoz/ketoasidoz) ve eski tanılı hastaların yeniden yatış nedenleri kaydedildi. Aynı hastanın tekrarlayan hastane yatışlarının her biri ayrı yatış olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Diyabetes Mellitus tanılı hastalara ait toplamda 787 yatış belirlendi. Yatışların %90,6’sı Tip 1 diyabet (T1DM) ve %4,2’si Tip 2 diyabet (T2DM) tanılı hastalara aitti. Yeni tanı T1DM sayısının son 2 yılda arttığı ancak ketoasidozla başvurma oranının giderek düştüğü belirlendi (p=0,03). Takipli hastaların yatış nedenleri incelendiğinde yatışların %72,4’ünün poliklinik kontrolleri sırasında kan şekeri değerlerinde düzensizlik ve/veya hasta uyumsuzluğu görülmesi nedeniyle regülasyon ve diyabet eğitimi tekrarı amaçlı, %6,3’ünün ketoz/ketoasidoz gelişmesi nedeniyle yapıldığı gözlendi.
Sonuçlar: Çocuklarda diyabet sıklığının artmasıyla birlikte diyabet nedeniyle hastaneye yatış sıklığı da artmaktadır. Ailelerde artan diyabet farkındalığı ile ilişkili olarak yeni tanı T1DM’de ketoasidozla başvuru oranı azalmıştır. Bu konudaki okul çalışmaları ve kamu spotlarına devam edilmeli ayrıca T2DM ve obezite konusunda bilinçliliğin arttırılması hedeflenmelidir. Takipli hastalarda tedaviye uyum düzenli olarak değerlendirilmeli ve diyabet eğitiminin sürekliliği sağlanmalıdır.
Protective effect of tacrolimus on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats Tacrolimus in reperfusion Takrolimusun sıçanlarda miyokardiyal iskemi / reperfüzyon hasarı üzerindeki koruyucu etkisi Reperfüzyonda takrolimus
Authors: ÇOMAKLI Hakan , ALTINBAŞ Özgür , MERCAN Ilker , ECEVİT Ata Niyazi , DEMİRYÜREK Abdullah Tuncay , KARABAY Dündar Özalp 
Published: September 2021

Aim: Acute myocardial infarction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although thrombolytic therapy and primary percutaneous coronary intervention are the therapeutic approaches to reduce the myocardial ischemic injury and limit the infarct size by providing reperfusion, process can itself induce cardiomyocyte death known as myocardial reperfusion injury. In addition to effects on immunsuppression for organ transplantation, tacrolimus has diverse actions that result in amelioration of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tacrolimus on myocardial I/R injury in rats.
Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats (n=18; mean weight, 252±20 g; age, 46-54 days) were included to this study. Rats were randomly assigned into three groups: Group 1 (sham, n=4), Group 2 (I/R+saline, control, n=7), Group 3 (tacrolimus+I/R, n=7). Tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg) was administered as an intravenous infusion in the first 15 min of reperfusion after 45 min ischemia period.
Results: Although there were no change in area at risk, infarct size was markedly reduced in tacrolimus group when compared to control group (p
Karaciğer nakli alıcılarında herpes simpleks virüs viremisinin tanısı, klinik görünümleri ve tedavi yönetimi
Authors: KÖSE Adem , ALTUNIŞIK TOPLU Sibel , GÖNÜLTAŞ Fatih , KOÇ Cemalettin , YAKUPOĞULLARI Yusuf , OTLU Barış , TÜRKMEN Emine , YAŞAR Şeyma , YILMAZ Sezai , BAYINDIR Yaşar 
Published: September 2021

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the clinical variations, possible risk factors and results of diagnostic procedures in liver transplant (LT) recipients who suffered from Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) viremia in the post-transplant period, despite Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis.
Material and methods: The data of 1100 LT recipients were evaluated retrospectively. HSV DNA RT-PCR detected in blood and vesicular fluid samples of the patients with active painful mucocutaneous vesicular lesions and patients with organ involvement who had biopsy and confirmed HSV viremia were included in the study. The 110 recipients diagnosed with HSV viremia were included.
Results: In 110 recipients, total 130 HSV viremia episodes were observed over sixty months. HSV viremia rate was 11.8%. Of the 130 HSV episodes, 120 (92.3%) were mucocutaneous form of the disease. In 10 cases, there was a specific organ involvement. HSV-1 was detected in all of viremia episodes. Sixty-four (49.2%) episodes developed six months after the LT, 41 (31.5%) episodes developed between the 1st and 6th months after LT, and 25 (20.3%) episodes were observed within the first postoperative month. All episodes were treated successfully with different antiviral therapy modalities.
Conclusion: Despite CMV prophylaxis performed, HSV viremia may be occurred as a wide range of clinical presentation in LT recipients. It can be seen at any time point after the LT. HSV DNA RT-PCR from serum samples may not be sufficient for diagnosis of viremia, therefore the analysis of the vesicular fluid or the biopsy from the organs may be necessary for supporting the diagnosis.
​Probiotics for Augmenting Health
Authors: Narayanan Rita , Subramonian B. Suresh 
Published: September 2021

Background: The probiotic microorganism consists mostly of the strains of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. Bifidobacterial species are common members of the infant gut where they form up to 91 per cent of the total micro flora in breast-fed babies and up to 75 per cent in formula fed infants. Methods: Bifidobacterial species were isolated and identified from the faeces of breast fed infants by molecular techniques. Molecular tools like 16S rDNA targeted genus and species specific mPCR primers were used for confirmation. A total of 4 isolates were identified namely B. longum (IB10 and IB12) B. breve (IB39) and B. bifidum (IB42). The identified species were screened for probiotic properties like bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity and tolerance to acidity. Ideal isolate of B. longum was incorporated in the preparation of whey based malted nutraceutical spray dried food and fed to weaned piglets. Result: B. longum (IB10) was the ideal probiotic when compared to other isolates as it had maximum antimicrobial activity and tolerance to bile and acidity. It was noted that isolate IB10 (B. longum) had an inhibitory zone ranging from 3.03 to 2.95 mm against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa due to acid and antibacterial compounds. Isolate B. longum (IB10) was incorporated in the preparation of whey based malted nutraceutical spray dried food. The influence of feeding five grams of the spray dried nutraceutical malt food containing B.longum at 107cfu/g per day on animal production, gut health and gut architecture in young weaned piglets were also investigated. The probiotic regime had positive effects on the health of piglets when compared to the control group. A significant two log reduction in the coliform count was observed in the faeces of weaned piglets fed with Bifidobacterial nutraceutical powder than that of control. Thus, these probiotic bifidobacteria can be considered as safe adjuncts for preparation of dairy nutraceuticals.
Pamięć narodowa a relacje międzynarodowe Polski
Authors: Gardocka Teresa , Jagiełło Dariusz 
Published: September 2021

Opracowanie poświęcone jest zagadnieniu pojęcia i ochrony pamięci narodowej w polskim prawie. Rozważana jest w nim organizacja ochrony pamięci historycznej w zakresie instytucjonalnym, poczynając od Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce i jej ewolucję, a na Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej — Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu kończąc. Przedstawiane są tu zadania przypisane tym instytucjom. Autorzy zastanawiają się nad pojęciem „oficjalnej wersji historii”, które w obszarze innych pamięci narodowych ma wersje konkurencyjne, i nad tym, jak istnienie i prawna ochrona tych wersji narodowych może wpływać na relacje z innymi państwami chroniącymi owe konkurencyjne wersje.
Wreszcie w pracy omawiane są kwestie prawnokarnej ochrony pamięci narodowej — samego jej sensu i właściwych instrumentów w postaci tworzenia typów przestępstw penalizujących zachowania skierowane przeciwko kształtowanej przez państwo pamięci (oficjalnej wersji historii). Przedmiotem analizy jest polskie prawo karne i kolejne próby wprowadzania do kodeksu karnego takich typów przestępstw.
Zdaniem autorów prawo karne nie jest dobrym instrumentem ochrony pamięci narodowej z dwóch zasadniczych względów. Po pierwsze, niezależnie od sformułowania konkretnego przepisu karnego i jego interpretacji wpływa on na ograniczenie wolności badań historycznych. Po drugie, wprowadzenie tego rodzaju przestępstwa wpływa na relacje z tymi państwami, które chronią inne, konkurencyjne wersje oficjalnej historii.
Status kombatanta z tytułu uczestnictwa w Istriebitielnych Batalionach (rozważania historycznoprawne i dogmatycznoprawne)
Authors: Masternak-Kubiak Małgorzata , Przygodzki Jacek 
Published: September 2021

Artykuł został poświęcony ukazaniu genezy powstania i działalności tak zwanych Istriebitielnych Batalionów (IB) — batalionów niszczycielskich funkcjonujących na terenach Wołynia i Galicji Wschodniej — formacji militarnych, które jako służba pomocnicza Armii Czerwonej, często dowodzona przez oficerów totalitarnej formacji NKWD, walczyły z oddziałami Organizacji Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów (OUN), frakcja Bandery oraz Ukraińskiej Powstańczej Armii.
Główny ideolog OUN Dymytro Doncow był zafascynowany ideologią faszystowską rozwijającą się w Europie, dlatego też — idąc za swoim ideologiem oraz wraz ze swoim rozwojem — OUN i jej największa grupa: frakcja Bandery (OUN-B) przybrały charakter faszystowski. Również kierownik referatu wojskowego OUN Mychajło Kołodzinśkyj, po opuszczeniu więzienia w II Rzeczypospolitej, został wysłany przez OUN do faszystowskich Włoch, gdzie Benito Mussolini wyraził zgodę na utworzenie obozów szkoleniowych dla nacjonalistów ukraińskich, jak również dla chorwackich ustaszy. Tam tworząc ukraińską doktrynę wojenną, zapowiadał krwawą rozprawę z Polakami, Żydami i Rosjanami. Te zapowiedzi spełniły się w czasie II wojny światowej, a tragiczne wydarzenia na Wołyniu i Galicji Wschodniej opisane w niniejszym artykule ewidentnie wyczerpują znamiona lemkinowskiej definicji genocydu, która znalazła się w Konwencji o zapobieganiu i karaniu zbrodni ludobójstwa przyjętej przez Zgromadzenie Ogólne ONZ 9 grudnia 1948 roku.
W tekście nie zostanie poruszona kwestia działalności Istriebitielnych Batalionów na terenie Litwy i Białorusi, gdyż ich działalność była zgoła odmienna. Nie broniły one tam zazwyczaj ludności polskiej, a zwrócone były głównie przeciwko podziemiu niepodległościowemu, wspomagając totalitarną NKWD.
Druga część opracowania to dogmatycznoprawna analiza orzecznictwa sądów polskich w sprawie przyznawania osobom służącym w opisywanej formacji statusu kombatantów. Zgodnie z obowiązującym prawem uczestniczenie obywateli polskich w Istriebitielnych Batalionach na dawnych ziemiach polskich w województwach lwowskim, stanisławowskim, tarnopolskim i wołyńskim w latach 1944–1945 w obronie ludności polskiej przed ukraińskimi nacjonalistami stanowi działalność kombatancką. Jednak po 1989 roku nie było to takie oczywiste. Kierownik Urzędu do spraw Kombatantów stał konsekwentnie na stanowisku, że uprawnienia kombatanckie nie przysługują z mocy art. 21 ust. 2 pkt 3 ustawy o kombatantach osobie, która służyła w totalitarnych formacjach NKWD albo w innych organach represji ZSRR, działających przeciwko narodowi i państwu polskiemu. W orzecznictwie Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego istniała też duża rozbieżność w kwestii stosowania przepisów ustawy o kombatantach w odniesieniu do uczestnictwa w walkach w ramach Istriebitielnych Batalionów. Dlatego też, ze względu na złożoność problemu, wydaje się jak najbardziej zasadne prześledzenie tej procedury z punktu widzenia historycznego i jurydycznego.