bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Relations in Őrség National Park
Authors: Smith Melanie K. , Csurgó Bernadett 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Őrség National Park in Hungary, is a protected area that attracts domestic and, increasingly, international tourists. The case study demonstrates how a Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) framework can be applied to a protected landscape providing new insights into local and tourism planning priorities. The national park’s tourism policy aims to decrease tensions between socio-economic development and ecological conservation. The National Park Authority (NPA) focuses on: (i) community development; (ii) education; (iii) local and regional development; (iv) place identity/attachment including local product development; and (v) cultural heritage protection. The NPA adopted sustainable tourism activities/initiatives involving both local tourism entrepreneurs and local communities including: (i) local tourism events and services; (ii) tourist routes to present protected areas and also the cultural heritage of the region; (iii) study trails; (iv) education programmes; and (v) local product development.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 3 – Tourism, wellbeing and cultural ecosystem services: a case study of Őrség National Park, Hungary’. In: Azara, I., Michopoulou, E., Niccolini, F., Taff, B.D. and Clarke, A. (eds)
Tourism, Health, Wellbeing and Protected Areas
. CABI, pp. 26–38.

© CAB International 2018
Exploring the Case: Utah Farm-Chef-Fork: Linking Rural Growers with Urban Chefs
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
A principal aim of the locavore movement is to reduce food-miles while giving consumers access to food that is of the region. Locally grown and locally raised food is of interest to tourists as it is a guarantee of authenticity, reflecting the landscapes and traditions of a place – in particular if it locally prepared at a food stand, in a restaurant or at a bed-and-breakfast.
Exploring the Case: Pilgrimage Trails in Japan’s Kii Peninsula
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
The pilgrimage trail has become an important modern tourism product, thanks to the success of the Camino de Santiago. It has mostly been developed in Europe, but is also successful in Japan, where tourism is often of a low-key contemplative nature. The case of Kumano Kodo is an opportunity to understand how such routes develop and how they operate.
Exploring the Case: Community Relations in Őrség National Park
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Many national parks are located in areas of little or no habitation. The core issues in these parks are of an environmental nature: to protect then natural heritage, including plants, wildlife and other resources.
In Őrség National Park, on the other hand, which is home to a number of farming communities, relations with the inhabitants is a serious consideration.
The construction of a water clock: a proposal for teaching fluid physics in introductory courses
Authors: Savall-Alemany F , Esparza-Garcia M , Rosa-Cintas S , Martínez-Torregrosa J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work we present a water-driven clock (clepsydra) that uses the water that flows from a Mariotte flask to work. By designing and building all the elements properly, we get the seconds hand to make a full turn (1 min) at the right pace.
Dynamics of a pulsed negative nanosecond discharge on water surface and comparison with the positive discharge
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Diamond James , Herrmann Antoine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The fundamental physics underlying non-thermal plasmas produced by pulsed discharges at atmospheric pressure is of great interest, especially considering the technological and environmental applications of these plasmas. Discharge dynamics is highly dependent on experimental conditions, such as the propagation medium and the voltage polarity. Herein, we investigate pulsed nanosecond discharges produced by a negatively polarized voltage in a medium of air in-contact with water. Electrical and optical characterization of the discharges is achieved using the appropriate probes and ultrafast imaging, respectively. The time-integrated images are acquired under varying conditions of applied voltage, and the discharge emission is shown to be a homogenous disk at voltages between −4 and −15 kV. When the voltage is increased (absolute value) beyond −15 kV, the homogeneous emission is superimposed with filaments. The temporal evolution of the discharge emission (1 ns integration time) shows that it remains homogeneous and has a ring-like ionization front. At higher voltages and during the falling period, the discharge reignites as filaments that significantly elongate and decrease in intensity until extinguishment. A comparison of discharge emissions obtained at positive and negative polarities indicates that the features of both may be controlled by manipulating the space charge formation dynamics.
WEDGE: imputation of gene expression values from single-cell RNA-seq datasets using biased matrix decomposition
Authors: Hu Yinlei , Li Bin , Zhang Wen , Liu Nianping , Cai Pengfei , Chen Falai , Qu Kun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The low capture rate of expressed RNAs from single-cell sequencing technology is one of the major obstacles to downstream functional genomics analyses. Recently, a number of imputation methods have emerged for single-cell transcriptome data, however, recovering missing values in very sparse expression matrices remains a substantial challenge. Here, we propose a new algorithm, WEDGE (WEighted Decomposition of Gene Expression), to impute gene expression matrices by using a biased low-rank matrix decomposition method. WEDGE successfully recovered expression matrices, reproduced the cell-wise and gene-wise correlations and improved the clustering of cells, performing impressively for applications with sparse datasets. Overall, this study shows a potent approach for imputing sparse expression matrix data, and our WEDGE algorithm should help many researchers to more profitably explore the biological meanings embedded in their single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. The source code of WEDGE has been released at https://github.com/QuKunLab/WEDGE.
ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: Review of systems thinking concepts and their potential value in animal science research
Authors: Stephens Emma C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Worldwide, our collective research and policy institutions, including the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), are calling for more systems-based research and analysis of society’s most pressing and complex problems. However, the use of systems analysis within animal science remains limited and researchers may not have the tools to answer this call. This review thus introduces important concepts in systems thinking methodology, such as policy resistance, feedback processes, and dynamic complexity. An overall rationale for systems thinking and analysis is presented, along with examples of the application of these concepts in current animal science research. In order to contrast systems approaches to more frequently employed event-oriented research frameworks, both frameworks are then applied to the ASAS’ identified “Grand Challenge” problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in order to compare these two kinds of analyses. Systems thinking stresses the importance of underlying system structures that lead to persistent problem behaviors vs a focus on unidirectional cause-and-effect relationships. A potential systems framework for animal production decisions to use antimicrobials is shown that more explicitly accounts for AMR in a way that can lead to different animal production decisions than the event-oriented framework. Acknowledging and accounting for fundamental system structures that can explain persistent AMR will lead to different potential solutions to this problem than would be suggested from more linear approaches. The challenges and benefits of incorporating systems methods into animal science research are then discussed.
The Blonde d’Aquitaine T3811&gt;G3811 mutation in the myostatin gene: association with growth, carcass, and muscle phenotypes in veal calves
Authors: Vinet Aurélie , Bouyer Claire , Forestier Lionel , Oulmouden Ahmad , Blanquet Véronique , Picard Brigitte , Cassar-Malek Isabelle , Bonnet Muriel , Rocha Dominique , Renand Gilles 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mutation T3811 → G3811 (TG3811) discovered in the myostatin gene of the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed is suspected of contributing to the outstanding muscularity of this breed. An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of this mutation in an F2 and back-cross Blonde d’Aquitaine × Holstein population. By genotyping all known mutations in the myostatin gene, it was ensured that the TG3811 mutation was indeed the only known mutation segregating in this population. Fifty-six calves (43 F2, 13 back-cross) were intensively fattened and slaughtered at 24.0 ± 1.4 wk of age. The effects of the mutation were estimated by comparing the calves with the [T/T] (n = 18), [T/G] (n = 30), and [G/G] (n = 8) genotypes. Highly significant substitution effects (P &lt; 0.001), above + 1.2 phenotypic SD, were shown on carcass yield and muscularity scores. Birth weight (P &lt; 0.001) was positively affected by the mutation (+0.8 SD) but not growth rate (P = 0.97), while carcass length (P = 0.03), and fatness (P ≤ 0.03) were negatively affected (–0.5 to –0.7 SD). The characteristics of the Triceps brachii muscle were affected by the mutation (P &lt; 0.001), with lower ICDH activity (oxidative) and a higher proportion of myosin type 2X muscle fibers (fast twitch). The effects of the TG3811 mutation were similar to those of other known myostatin mutations, although the Blonde d’Aquitaine animals, which are predominantly [G/G] homozygous, do not exhibit extreme double muscling.
Female Marking via Rubidium-Labeled Ejaculates in the West Indian Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Kumano Norikuni , Tsurui-Sato Kaori , Teruya Kiyohito , Toyosato Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire), is one of the pests of the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, in tropical and subtropical countries. Although an eradication program using the sterile insect technique (SIT) for this weevil is now underway in Japan, the lack of potent attractants such as sex pheromones for this weevil species prevents effective monitoring and hampers pest control operations. New methods to monitor the performance of sterile males using trapped wild females are needed. In this study, we tested whether the ejaculate of the labeled males that were fed an artificial diet labeled with the trace element, rubidium (Rb), is detectable in the fertilized females. We fed an artificial diet treated with Rb (1.00, 0.50, 0.25, and 0.00%) to adult male weevils for 14 d after emerging and quantified the rubidium content in inseminated females. We also examined the side effects of the artificial diet on mating performance and longevity. The advantages of monitoring the spatial level of sterility using data from females labeled with ejaculate of Rb-fed males in an SIT eradication program are discussed.
A multi-institutional randomized phase III trial comparing postoperative radiotherapy to observation after adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pathological N2 Stage III non-small cell lung cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG1916 (J-PORT study)
Authors: Shimoyama Ryo , Nakagawa Kazuo , Ishikura Satoshi , Wakabayashi Masashi , Sasaki Tomonari , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Hashimoto Tadayoshi , Kataoka Tomoko , Fukuda Haruhiko , Watanabe Shun-ichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The standard treatment for pathological N2 Stage III non-small cell lung cancer with negative surgical margins in Japan is cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. However, recent studies suggest that the addition of thoracic radiotherapy after adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs survival. While thoracic radiotherapy is considered to prolong survival by improving locoregional control, it is known to increase radiation-induced adverse events. We began a randomized controlled trial in January 2021 in Japan to confirm the superiority of radiotherapy over observation after adjuvant chemotherapy in pathological N2 Stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients with negative surgical margins. We aim to accrue 330 patients from 47 institutions over 5 years. The primary endpoint is relapse-free survival; the secondary endpoints are overall survival, proportion of patients completing radiotherapy in the radiotherapy arm, early adverse events, late adverse events in the radiotherapy arm, serious adverse events and local recurrence.
Canard optimization for enhancing the performance of small horizontal axis wind turbine at low wind speeds
Authors: Shiah Yui-Chuin , Chang Chia Hsiang , Chen Yu-Jen , Reddy Ankam Vinod Kumar 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Generally, the environmental wind speeds in urban areas are relatively low due to clustered buildings. At low wind speeds, an aerodynamic stall occurs near the blade roots of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), leading to decay of the power coefficient. The research targets to design canards with optimal parameters for a small-scale HAWT system operated at variable rotational speeds. The design was to enhance the performance by delaying the aerodynamic stall near blade roots of the HAWT to be operated at low wind speeds. For the optimal design of canards, flow fields of the sample blades with and without canards were both simulated and compared with the experimental data. With the verification of our simulations, Taguchi analyses were performed to seek the optimum parameters of canards. This study revealed that the peak performance of the optimized canard system operated at 540 rpm might be improved by ∼35%.
A three-dimensional surface elastic model for vibration analysis of functionally graded arbitrary straight-sided quadrilateral nanoplates under thermal environment
Authors: Shahabodini A , Ansari R , Rouhi H 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) size-dependent formulation is developed for the free vibrations of functionally graded quadrilateral nanoplates subjected to thermal environment. The plate model is constructed within the frameworks of the Gurtin–Murdoch surface and the 3D elasticity theories. In this way, the effect of surface free energy and all the components of stress and strain tensors are considered without any initial assumption on them as there is no need to assume the variation of transverse normal stress inside the bulk material in advance. The variational differential quadrature approach and the mapping technique are applied to derive a discretized weak form of the governing equations. The present solution method bypasses the transformation and discretization of the higher order derivatives appearing in the equations of the strong form. The effects of surface stress, thermal environment, material gradient index and geometrical properties on the size-dependent vibrational behavior of quadrilateral nanoplates are investigated. It is observed that the thermal load intensifies the effect of surface free energy on the natural frequency of the nanoplates. The present model is exact in the extent of the continuum models and can be employed for structures with any thickness–span ratios.
A comparative study of protein–ssDNA interactions
Authors: Lin Maoxuan , Malik Fareeha K , Guo Jun-tao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) play crucial roles in DNA replication, recombination and repair, and serve as key players in the maintenance of genomic stability. While a number of SSBs bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) non-specifically, the others recognize and bind specific ssDNA sequences. The mechanisms underlying this binding discrepancy, however, are largely unknown. Here, we present a comparative study of protein–ssDNA interactions by annotating specific and non-specific SSBs and comparing structural features such as DNA-binding propensities and secondary structure types of residues in SSB–ssDNA interactions, protein–ssDNA hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions between specific and non-specific SSBs. Our results suggest that protein side chain-DNA base hydrogen bonds are the major contributors to protein–ssDNA binding specificity, while π–π interactions may mainly contribute to binding affinity. We also found the enrichment of aspartate in the specific SSBs, a key feature in specific protein–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) interactions as reported in our previous study. In addition, no significant differences between specific and non-specific groups with respect of conformational changes upon ssDNA binding were found, suggesting that the flexibility of SSBs plays a lesser role than that of dsDNA-binding proteins in conferring binding specificity.
Comment on ‘effects of acetaminophen on risk taking’
Authors: Ross Jennifer A , Holstege Christopher P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article by Keaveney et al. entitled ‘Effects of acetaminophen on risk taking’ was published in July of 2020 and concluded that using acetaminophen increased risk-taking behaviors, potentially by reducing perceived risk. We believe that there is not enough data to support the generalization of this association and feel that the conclusions were presented without acknowledgement of the limitations of this study. Media articles often further dramatized these findings, presenting the potential correlation between acetaminophen and risk taking as fact. It is unfair to readers to sensationalize the associations seen in controlled experiments in an attempt to generalize the study’s findings. As scientists, we need to assure that the discussions and conclusions presented in publications appropriately highlight the limitations of studies. We must also work to assure that the public does not sensationalize preliminary and limited research results.
Processing of facial expressions of same-race and other-race faces: distinct and shared neural underpinnings
Authors: Wang Xuena , Han Shihui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
People understand others’ emotions quickly from their facial expressions. However, facial expressions of ingroup and outgroup members may signal different social information and thus be mediated by distinct neural activities. We investigated whether there are distinct neuronal responses to fearful and happy expressions of same-race (SR) and other-race (OR) faces. We recorded electroencephalogram from Chinese adults when viewing an adaptor face (with fearful/neutral expressions in Experiment 1 but happy/neutral expressions in Experiment 2) and a target face (with fearful expressions in Experiment 1 but happy expressions in Experiment 2) presented in rapid succession. We found that both fearful and happy (vs neutral) adaptor faces increased the amplitude of a frontocentral positivity (P2). However, a fearful but not happy (vs neutral) adaptor face decreased the P2 amplitudes to target faces, and this repetition suppression (RS) effect occurred when adaptor and target faces were of the same race but not when of different races. RS was observed on two late parietal/central positive activities to fearful/happy target faces, which, however, occurred regardless of whether adaptor and target faces were of the same or different races. Our findings suggest that early affective processing of fearful expressions may engage distinct neural activities for SR and OR faces.
Exploring the Relationship Between Movement Disorders and Physical Activity in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Actigraphy Study
Authors: Pieters Lydia E , Deenik Jeroen , Tenback Diederik E , van Oort Jasper , van Harten Peter N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Low physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are major contributors to mental health burden and increased somatic comorbidity and mortality in people with schizophrenia and related psychoses. Movement disorders are highly prevalent in schizophrenia populations and are related to impaired functioning and poor clinical outcome. However, the relationship between movement disorders and PA and SB has remained largely unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between movement disorders (akathisia, dyskinesia, dystonia, and parkinsonism) and PA and SB in 216 patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses. Actigraphy, the St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes, and psychopathological ratings (PANSS-r) were applied. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for sex, age, negative symptoms, and defined daily dose of prescribed antipsychotics. Parkinsonism was significantly associated with decreased PA (β = −0.21, P &lt; .01) and increased SB (β = 0.26, P &lt; .001). For dystonia, only the relationship with SB was significant (β = 0.15, P &lt; .05). Akathisia was associated with more PA (β = 0.14, P &lt; .05) and less SB (β = −0.15, P &lt; .05). For dyskinesia, the relationships were non-significant. In a prediction model, akathisia, dystonia, parkinsonism and age significantly predicted PA (F(5,209) = 16.6, P &lt; .001, R2Adjusted = 0.27) and SB (F(4,210) = 13.4, P &lt; .001, R2Adjusted = 0.19). These findings suggest that movement disorders, in particular parkinsonism, are associated with reduced PA and increased SB in patients with psychotic disorders. Future studies should take movement disorders into account when examining PA and SB, to establish the clinical value of movement disorders in activating people with psychotic disorders to improve their mental and somatic health.
Ageing, cellular senescence and the impact of diet: an overview
Authors: Maduro Ana T. , Luís Carla , Soares Raquel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ageing is a risk factor for chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Among others, senescence mechanisms have become a target of huge research on the topic of the ageing process. Cellular senescence is a state of an irreversible growth arrest that occurs in response to various forms of cellular stress and is characterized by a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. Multiple studies showed that cellular senescence occurs in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Senescent cells accumulate with ageing and can contribute to age-related decline in tissue function. Obesity is a metabolic condition that can accelerate the ageing process by promoting a premature induction of the senescent state of the cells. In contrast, caloric restriction without malnutrition is currently the most effective non-genetic intervention to delay ageing, and its potential in decreasing the cellular senescent burden is suggested. Here, it will be highlighted the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cellular senescence and discussed some of the research that is being done about how environmental conditions such as diet can affect the accumulation of senescent cells.