bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake in adults on hemodialysis compared with guideline recommendations
Authors: Saglimbene Valeria M. , Su Guobin , Wong Germaine , Natale Patrizia , Ruospo Marinella , Palmer Suetonia C. , Craig Jonathan C. , Carrero Juan J. , Strippoli Giovanni F. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Clinical practice guidelines of dietary management are designed to promote a balanced diet and maintain health in patients undergoing haemodialysis but they may not reflect patients’ preferences.
We aimed to investigate the consistency between the dietary intake of patients on maintenance haemodialysis and guideline recommendations.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of the DIET-HD study, which included 6,906 adults undergoing haemodialysis in 10 European countries. Dietary intake was determined using the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and compared with the European Best Practice Guidelines. Consistency with guidelines was defined as achieving the minimum daily recommended intake for energy (≥ 30 kcal/kg) and protein (≥ 1.1 g/kg), and not exceeding the maximum recommended daily intake for phosphate (≤ 1000 mg), potassium (≤ 2730 mg), sodium (≤ 2300 mg) and calcium (≤ 800 mg).

Results
Overall, patients’ dietary intakes of phosphate and potassium were infrequently consistent with guidelines (consistent in 25% and 25% of patients, respectively). Almost half of the patients reported that energy (45%) and calcium intake (53%) was consistent with the guidelines, while the recommended intake of sodium and protein was consistent in 85% and 67% of patients, respectively. Results were similar across all participating countries. Intake was consistent with all six guideline recommendations in only 1% of patients.

Conclusion
Patients on maintenance haemodialysis usually have a dietary intake which is inconsistent with current recommendations, especially for phosphate and potassium.
Selbsteinschätzung des persönlichen Verhaltens und Erlebens bei traumatisierten und nichttraumatisierten Personen
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Wonneberger Antje , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Potenziell traumatisierende Erlebnisse sind vielfältig, und deren Chronifizierung sollte vermieden werden. Ziel der Arbeit war es, zu untersuchen, ob die Personen, die traumatische Situationen erlebt haben, andere Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, d. h. anderes Verhalten und Erleben in Situationen, zeigen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden 96 Bankangestellte (Alter: 42,6 ± 9,56 Jahre) befragt. Die Gruppeneinteilung erfolgte anhand des Fragebogens Impact of Event Scale: potenziell traumatisches Ereignis erlebt (Gruppe T) oder nicht (Gruppe kT). Mittels des Inventars zur Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik in Situationen (IPS) wurde die Selbsteinschätzung des persönlichen Verhaltens und Erlebens in beiden Gruppen untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 28 (29,2 %) Befragten gaben subjektiv ein potenziell traumatisches Ereignis an. Die geschätzte PTBS-Prävalenz lag bei 3,1 %. Statistische Unterschiede fanden sich nur im Leistungsverhalten (Lebensbereich Zufriedenheit) zwischen Gruppe T und Gruppe kT. Die Probanden, die eine traumatische Situation erlebt haben, hatten jedoch mehr interventionsbedürftige IPS-Profile. Beide Gruppen wiesen ein eher gering ausgeprägtes Erholungsverhalten auf.

Diskussion
Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zur Selbsteinschätzung der Bankangestellten der Situationen zeigen die Notwendigkeit der frühzeitigen Prävention psychischer Erkrankungen infolge traumatischer Ereignisse. Selbsteinschätzung des Erlebens bei der Auseinandersetzung mit potenziell traumatisierten Situation kann dabei eine Rolle in der Entstehung der PTBS spielen. Die interdisziplinären Angebote und Kooperationen erscheinen sehr wichtig zu sein und sollten im Rahmen von Präventionsteams genutzt werden.
A holistic FMEA approach by fuzzy-based Bayesian network and best–worst method
Authors: Yucesan Melih , Gul Muhammet , Celik Erkan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFailure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a risk analysis tool widely used in the manufacturing industry. However, traditional FMEA has limitations such as the inability to deal with uncertain failure data including subjective evaluations of experts, the absence of weight values of risk parameters, and not considering the conditionality between failure events. In this paper, we propose a holistic FMEA to overcome these limitations. The proposed approach uses the fuzzy best–worst (FBWM) method in weighting three risk parameters of FMEA, which are severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection (D), and to find the preference values of the failure modes according to parameters S and D. On the other side, it uses the fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) to determine occurrence probabilities of the failure modes. Experts use a procedure using linguistic variables whose corresponding values are expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, and determine the preference values of the failure modes according to parameter O in the constructed BN. Thus, the FBN including expert judgments and fuzzy set theory addresses uncertainty in failure data and includes a robust probabilistic risk analysis logic to capture the dependence between failure events. As a demonstration of the approach, a case study was conducted in an industrial kitchen equipment manufacturing facility. The results of the approach have also been compared with existed methods demonstrating its robustness.
Thermomechanical Behavior of Steels in Tension Studied with Synchronized Full-Field Deformation and Temperature Measurements
Authors: Soares G.C. , Vázquez-Fernández N.I. , Hokka M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite tensile testing being commonly used for investigating the mechanical behavior of materials, the occurrence of heterogeneous strain and increasing temperature at high strain rates make the experiment much more complex. This work presents a method integrating synchronous full-field stereo Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Infrared Thermography (IRT). This method enabled high resolution investigations of the development of local temperatures and strains of the specimen during tensile loading of four steels at strain rates ranging from 2.5·10−4 to 900 s−1. The tests were monitored by a stereo setup of optical cameras and an infrared camera. Data acquisition was synchronized, and a pinhole camera model was used to translate the images from all cameras to the same three-dimensional space. The displacement vector fields from DIC were subtracted from the IRT images to represent the temperature maps in a Lagrangian coordinate system. The overall thermomechanical response of the materials was shown as 3D waterfall plots, which represent localized strain and temperature as a function of position and engineering strain. The results show that temperature increased homogeneously during uniform deformation at higher strain rates (10−2-900 s−1) and increased markedly with the onset of necking on the region of localized strain. At these strain rates, the localized increase of strain and temperature during necking were observed at the same global engineering strain and position, evidencing the spatial and temporal synchronization. The described method was used to accurately investigate the evolution of localized strain and temperature in both low and high strain rate regime.
Nebennierenvenensampling bei primärem Hyperaldosteronismus machbar?
Authors: Beiglböck Hannes , Baumgartner-Parzer Sabina , Krebs Michael 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer primäre Hyperaldosteronismus (Morbus Conn) ist die häufigste Ursache einer sekundären Hypertonie. Der Nachweis einer erhöhten Aldosteronproduktion bei unterdrückter Reninfreisetzung ist wegweisend für die Diagnose. Als Screeningtest hat sich die Aldosteron-Renin-Ratio etabliert. Bei Erhöhung dieser Ratio sollte ein Bestätigungstest durchgeführt werden. Eine Bildgebung der Nebennieren mittels CT folgt als nächster Schritt. Zur Bestimmung der Lateralisierung der erhöhten Aldosteronproduktion und vor geplanter Adrenalektomie sollte ein Nebennierenvenensampling durchgeführt werden. Da dies für den interventionellen Radiologen eine technisch sehr anspruchsvolle Intervention ist und die Erfolgsraten durchwachsen sind, kann ein Cortisol-Schnelltest verwendet werden, der die intraoperative Beurteilung der korrekten Abnahmestelle unterstützen kann.
The role of precursor decomposition in the formation of samarium doped ceria nanoparticles via solid-state microwave synthesis
Authors: Bregman Avi , Rimsza Jessica , Ringgold Marissa , Bell Nelson , Treadwell LaRico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe impact on the final morphology of ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles made from different precursors (commercial: cerium acetate/nitrate) and in house: cerium tri(methylsilyl)amide (Ce-TMSA)) via a microwave solid state reaction has been determined. In all instances, powder X-ray diffraction indicated that the cubic fluorite CeO2 phase (PDF# 04–004-9150, with the space group Fm-3 m) had formed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed spherical nanoparticles were produced from the Ce-TMSA precursor. The commercial acetate and nitrate precursors produced particles with irregular morphology. The roles of the precursor decomposition and binding energy in the synthesis of the nanocrystals with various morphologies, as well as a possible growth mechanism, were evaluated based on experimental and computational data. The formation of spherical shaped nanoparticles was determined to be due to the preferential single-step decomposition of the Ce-TMSA as well as the low activation energy to overcome decomposition. Due to the complicated decomposition of the commercial precursors and high activation energy the resulting particles adopted an irregular morphology. Highly uniform samarium doped ceria (SmxCe1-xO2-δ) nanospheres were also synthesized from Ce-TMSA and samarium tri(methylsilyl)amide (Sm-TMSA). The effects of reaction time and temperature, on the final morphology were observed through SEM. The rapid single-step decomposition of TMSA-based precursors as observed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and confirmed through the calculation of potential energy surfaces and binding energies from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicated that nanoparticle formation follows LaMer’s classical nucleation theory.
Earthquake-induced clastic dyke and fluid inflow at the Miguel Burnier manganese-ore deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: DeFerreira Tiago Henrique , Cabral Alexandre Raphael , Rios Francisco Javier 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA clastic dyke has been recognised within manganese (Mn)-rich Cenozoic sediments near a historical Mn-ore deposit in the Miguel Burnier district, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, in the southern São Francisco craton, Brazil. Here, we describe the clastic dyke, a subvertical fissure that is filled with friable arenaceous fragments, and characterise it as seismite. An overprint by stockwork-like Mn-oxide veinlets and Mn-oxide dissemination, mineralogically expressed as birnessite, lithiophorite and jianshuiite, and geochemically represented by metalliferous enrichments, particularly mercury (Hg), occurs in the clastic dyke and its immediate vicinity. Such an overprint also contains illite, which forms a mineral association with birnessite, lithiophorite and jianshuiite, and constrains the temperature of hydrothermal alteration to less than 300 °C. The recognition of seismite and its Hg enrichment indicate that the Cenozoic history of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero cratonic terrane has been affected by seismic episodes, which were not only conducive to local enrichment in Mn at Miguel Burnier, but also to the dam failure of the 5th of November 2015 (Agurto-Detzel et al. in Geophysical Research Letters 43: 4929–4936, 2016).
A novel tree seed algorithm for optimal reactive power planning and reconfiguration based STATCOM devices and PV sources
Authors: Belkacem Mahdad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReactive power dispatch based on static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and photovoltaic (PV) sources in coordination with reconfiguration strategy is vital task to ensure reliable operation of modern radial distribution (RD) systems. This paper introduces a novel tree seed algorithm (TSA) to improve the performance of modern RD power systems. A variant of TSA based on intelligent and flexible mechanism search is proposed to create an interactive equilibrium between exploration and exploitation during the search process to improve the global solution. Two objective functions, the total power loss and the margin reserve security are optimized under normal condition and critical load growth. To obtain reliable operation of the distribution system under critical situations, a reactive power dispatch based STATCOM devices is managed in coordination with the reconfiguration stage to find the best combination of sectionalizing switches and tie switches to be operated. The efficiency and particularity of the proposed distribution-planning strategy validated on two test systems, the radial 33 buses and the practical radial 250 buses (30 kV) of Sonelgaz Company located in Biskra in the south of Algeria. This radial electric network designed principally to deliver energy to several small and important agricultural consumers. Results obtained based on various test cases and scenarios using the proposed new planning strategy confirm the efficiency of the proposed planning strategy in terms of reduction of the total power loss, improvement voltage magnitude and enhancement of margin reserve.
Microbiological and Biochemical Properties in Eutric/Dystric Brunic Arenosols, Eutric/Endocalcaric Cambisols, and Haplic/Albic Luvisols Soils
Authors: Baćmaga Małgorzata , Wyszkowska Jadwiga , Borowik Agata , Kucharski Jan , Paprocki Łukasz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo understand the role of microorganisms in the functioning of forest ecosystems, the structure of bacterial communities and the enzymatic activity were determined in forest soils representing the following soil subtypes: Eutric/Dystric Brunic Arenosols (A), Eutric/Endocalcaric Cambisols (C), and Haplic/Albic Luvisols (L). Their microbiological and biochemical properties were compared based on bacterial counts and diversity, and activities of seven soil enzymes: dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and β-glucosidase. Organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria were the most abundant and featured the highest values of the EP (ecophysiological diversity index) in the Haplic/Albic Luvisol soil. In turn, the CD (colony development index) values of these bacterial groups were the highest in the Eutric/Endocalcaric Cambisols. The OTU number of bacteria allowed concluding that, at the class level, the Eutric/Dystric Brunic Arenosols and Haplic/Albic Luvisols were predominated by Alphaproteobacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, whereas the Eutric/Endocalcaric Cambisols by Actinobacteria. At the family rank, the Eutric/Dystric Brunic Arenosols were colonized in the highest numbers by Mycobacteriaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Koribacteriaceae, and Acidobacteriaceae; the Eutric/Endocalcaric Cambisols by Nocardiaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, and Mycobacteriaceae, whereas Haplic/Albic Luvisols by Sinobacteriaceae and Rhodospirillaceae. Four bacterial genera, i.e., Rhodoplanes, Burkholderia belonging to Proteobacteria, Mycobacterium belonging to Actinobacteria, and Candidatus Solibacter belonging to Acidobacteria, were identified in all soils tested. The genetic diversity of bacteria was proved the highest in Eutric/Endocalcaric Cambisols. In turn, the highest enzymatic activity was found for Haplic/Albic Luvisols, while the lowest one for Eutric/Endocalcaric Cambisols. The present study results point out to significant differences between the soil types analyzed in terms of the diversity and structure of their bacterial communities and their enzymatic properties.
Moderate sewage sludge biochar application on alkaline soil for corn growth: a field study
Authors: Xie Shengyu , Yu Guangwei , Jiang Ruqing , Ma Jianli , Shang Xiaofu , Wang Gang , Wang Yin , Yang Yongan , Li Chunxing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn view of the risks induced by the inhibitory effects of applying impracticably large amounts of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) to the alkaline soil, this field study investigated the influence of moderate biochar amendments (0, 1500, 4500, and 9000 kg/hm2) on corn growth, alkaline soil properties, and the uptake of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The results showed that applying more SSB would decrease the ammonium nitrogen concentration and increase the available phosphorus and potassium concentrations, which inhibited corn plant growth because of high background nutrient levels of the alkaline soil. When the alkaline soil was amended with 1500 kg/hm2 SSB, the dry weight of 100 niblets increased from 32.11 g in the control to 35.07 g. There was no significant variation in the total concentration of PTEs in the soil. The concentrations of Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn in niblets decreased from 5.54, 0.83, 2.26, and 27.15 mg/kg in the control to 4.47, 0.62, 1.30, and 23.45 mg/kg, respectively. Accordingly, the health risk from corn consumption was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the combination of SSB and fertilizer improved corn growth and reduced the risk of consumption of PTEs. Therefore, considering the increase in corn fruit yield and the decrease in consumption risk, applying 1500 kg/hm2 of biochar to alkaline soils is a realistically achievable rate, which can broaden the utilization of SSB for remediation of different types of soil.
Using Reinforcement Learning for Generating Polynomial Models to Explain Complex Data
Authors: Ståhl Niclas , Mathiason Gunnar , Alcacoas Dellainey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBasic oxygen steel making is a complex chemical and physical industrial process that reduces a mix of pig iron and recycled scrap into low-carbon steel. Good understanding of the process and the ability to predict how it will evolve requires long operator experience, but this can be augmented with process target prediction systems. Such systems may use machine learning to learn a model of the process based on a long process history, and have an advantage in that they can make use of vastly more process parameters than operators can comprehend. While it has become less of a challenge to build such prediction systems using machine learning algorithms, actual production implementations are rare. The hidden reasoning of complex prediction model and lack of transparency prevents operator trust, even for models that show high accuracy predictions. To express model behaviour and thereby increasing transparency we develop a reinforcement learning (RL) based agent approach, which task is to generate short polynomials that can explain the model of the process from what it has learnt from process data. The RL agent is rewarded on how well it generates polynomials that can predict the process from a smaller subset of the process parameters. Agent training is done with the REINFORCE algorithm, which enables the sampling of multiple concurrently plausible polynomials. Having multiple polynomials, process developers can evaluate several alternative and plausible explanations, as observed in the historic process data. The presented approach gives both a trained generative model and a set of polynomials that can explain the process. The performance of the polynomials is as good as or better than more complex and less interpretable models. Further, the relative simplicity of the resulting polynomials allows good generalisation to fit new instances of data. The best of the resulting polynomials in our evaluation achieves a better$$R^2$$R2score on the test set in comparison to the other machine learning models evaluated.
Characterizations of continuous operators on $$C_b(X)$$ with the strict topology
Authors: Nowak Marian , Stochmal Juliusz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLet X be a completely regular Hausdorff space and $$C_b(X)$$

C
b

(
X
)

be the space of all bounded continuous functions on X, equipped with the strict topology $$\beta $$
β
. We study some important classes of $$(\beta ,\Vert \cdot \Vert _E)$$

(
β
,
‖
·

‖
E

)

-continuous linear operators from $$C_b(X)$$

C
b

(
X
)

to a Banach space $$(E,\Vert \cdot \Vert _E)$$

(
E
,
‖
·

‖
E

)

: $$\beta $$
β
-absolutely summing operators, compact operators and $$\beta $$
β
-nuclear operators. We characterize compact operators and $$\beta $$
β
-nuclear operators in terms of their representing measures. It is shown that dominated operators and $$\beta $$
β
-absolutely summing operators $$T:C_b(X)\rightarrow E$$

T
:

C
b

(
X
)

→
E

coincide and if, in particular, E has the Radon–Nikodym property, then $$\beta $$
β
-absolutely summing operators and $$\beta $$
β
-nuclear operators coincide. We generalize the classical theorems of Pietsch, Tong and Uhl concerning the relationships between absolutely summing, dominated, nuclear and compact operators on the Banach space C(X), where X is a compact Hausdorff space.
Pharmacological properties of baicalin on liver diseases: a narrative review
Authors: Yang Jin-yu , Li Min , Zhang Cheng-liang , Liu Dong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBaicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine thanks to its various pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, as well as cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal protective effect. Recently, the protective effects of baicalin on liver disease have received much more attention. Several studies showed that baicalin protects against several types of liver diseases including viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, xenobiotic induced liver injury, cholestatic liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with a variety of pharmacological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of baicalin can provide a valuable reference for its clinical use, but up to now, no narrative review is available that summarizes the pharmacological effects of baicalin to clarify its potential use in the treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress of baicalin research and the underlying mechanism in the treatment of various liver diseases, to promote further research and its clinical application.
Clinical and dermoscopic changes of acquired melanocytic nevi of patients treated with afamelanotide
Authors: Arisi Mariachiara , Rossi M. , Rovati C. , Tomasi C. , Mori L. , Laini L. , Calzavara-Pinton P. G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfamelanotide (AFA) is a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that is approved for the treatment of patients affected by erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). AFA induces a “sun free” tanning and changes of acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) that are generically described as “darkening”.ObjectivesTo assess clinical and dermoscopic AMN changes during AFA treatment.MethodsAdult EPP patients treated with two AFA implants 50 days apart were enrolled. They underwent a clinical and dermoscopic examination of all AMN at baseline (T0), and after 5 (T1) and 12 (T2) months from the first AFA implant. The general pattern, symmetry, number, and size of pigmented globules, morphology of the pigment network, and dermoscopic melanoma features were assessed.ResultsFifteen patients were enrolled with 103 AMN. At T1 all reticular and 2-component AMN showed a focal network thickening that returned to baseline by T2. The increase of globules’ number was observed at T1 but not at T2. The difference in number was not influenced by patients’ age or phototype. Dermoscopic changes suggestive of malignancy were never seen. The development of new AMN was never registered.ConclusionsAFA treatment induces reversible changes of AMN dermoscopic morphology without findings suggestive of malignant transformation and it does not stimulate the development of new AMN.