bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ni and Al doping on structural, optical, and CO2 gas sensing properties of 1D ZnO nanorods produced by hydrothermal method
Authors: Bulut Fatih , Ozturk Özgür , Acar Selim , Yildirim Gürcan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the one‐dimensional ZnO nanorod structures are produced within the different nickel and aluminum molecular weight ratios of 0–7% using the hydrothermal method. It is found that the aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni) impurities with different ionic radius, chemical valence, and electron configurations of outer shell cause to vary the fundamental characteristic features including the crystallinity quality, crystallite size, surface morphology, nanorod diameter, optical absorbance, energy band gap, resistance, gas response, and gas sensing properties. The structural analyses performed by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the samples are found to crystallize in the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The presence of optimum nickel and aluminum in the crystal system improves considerably the crystallinity quality and surface morphology. Additionally, the combination of electron dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and XRD results declare that the Ni and Al impurities incorporate successfully into the ZnO crystal structure. Moreover, the diameters of nanorod structures in 1D orientation are determined to be 80 nm or below. The hexagonal wurtzite‐type ZnO nanorod structure prepared by 5% Ni has more space between the nanorods and thus presents higher response to the CO2 detection. Further, the optical absorbance spectra display that the band gap value is observed to decrease regularly with the increment in the doping level as a result of band shrinkage effect depending on the enhancement of mobile hole carrier concentrations in the crystal structure. In other words, the doping mechanism leads to vary the homogeneities in the interfacial charges, nanorod diameters, ZnO oxide layer composition and thickness. The last test conducted in this study is responsible for the determination of CO2 gas sensing levels. The obtained gas sensing results are further compared with each other and literature findings. It is observed that 5% Ni‐doped sample provides more successful results than other samples in the sensing CO2 gas at the different concentrations. All in all, the paper establishing a strong methodology between doping mechanism and change in the fundamental characteristic features of hexagonal wurtzite‐type ZnO with the aid of advanced microscopy techniques will become pioneering research to answer key questions in materials sciences and electronic research.
Evaluating incident learning systems and safety culture in two radiation oncology departments
Authors: Adamson Laura , Beldham‐Collins Rachael , Sykes Jonathan , Thwaites David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionRadiation oncology patient pathways are complex. This complexity creates risk and potential for error to occur. Comprehensive safety and quality management programmes have been developed alongside the use of incident learning systems (ILSs) to mitigate risks and errors reaching patients. Robust ILSs rely on the safety culture (SC) within a department. The aim of this study was to assess perceptions and understanding of SC and ILSs in two closely linked radiation oncology departments and to use the results to consider possible quality improvement (QI) of department ILSs and SC.MethodsA survey to assess perceptions of SC and the currently used ILSs was distributed to radiation oncologists, radiation therapists and radiation oncology medical physicists in the two departments. The responses of 95 staff were evaluated (63% of staff). The findings were used to determine any areas for improvement in SC and local ILSs.ResultsDifferences were shown between the professional cohorts. Barriers to current ILS use were indicated by 67% of respondents. Positive SC was shown in each area assessed: 69% indicated the departments practised a no‐blame culture. Barriers identified in one department prompted a QI project to develop a new reporting system and process, improve departmental learning and modify the overall ILS.ConclusionAn understanding of SC and attitudes to ILSs has been established and used to improve ILS reporting, feedback on incidents, departmental learning and the QA program. This can be used for future comparisons as the systems develop.
Bolus gastric feeds improve nutrition delivery to mechanically ventilated pediatric medical patients: Results of the COntinuous vs BOlus multicenter trial
Authors: Brown Ann‐Marie , Irving Sharon Y. , Pringle Charlene , Allen Christine , Brown Miraides F. , Nett Sholeen , Singleton Marcy N. , Mikhailov Theresa A. , Madsen Erik , Srinivasan Vijay , Anthony Heather , Forbes Michael L. ,   and the NutriNet and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundComparison of bolus gastric feeding (BGF) vs continuous gastric feeding (CGF) with respect to timing and delivery of energy and protein in mechanically ventilated (MV) pediatric patients has not been investigated. We hypothesized that bolus delivery would shorten time to goal nutrition and increase the percentage of goal feeds delivered.MethodsMulticenter, prospective, randomized comparative effectiveness trial conducted in seven pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Eligibility criteria included patients aged 1 month to 12 years who were intubated within 24 h of PICU admission, with expected duration of ventilation at least 48 h, and who were eligible to begin enteral nutrition within 48 h. Exclusion criteria included patients with acute or chronic gastrointestinal pathology or acute surgery.ResultsWe enrolled 158 MV children between October 2015 and April 2018; 147 patients were included in the analysis (BGF = 72, CGF = 75). Children in the BGF group were slightly older than those in the CGF; otherwise, the two groups had similar demographic characteristics. There was no difference in the percentage of patients in each group who achieved goal feeds. Time to goal feeds was shorter in the BGF group (hazard ratio 1.5 [CI 1.02–2.33]; P = 0.0387). Median percentage of target kilocalories (median kcal 0.78 vs 0.59; P ≤ 0.0001) and median percentage of protein delivered (median protein 0.77 vs 0.59; P ≤ 0.0001) was higher for BGF patients. There was no difference in serial oxygen saturation index between groups.ConclusionOur study demonstrated shorter time to achieve goal nutrition via BGF compared with CGF in MV pediatric patients. This resulted in increased delivery of target energy and nutrition. Further study is needed in other PICU populations.
A novel surface‐enhanced Raman scattering method for detecting fish pathogenic bacteria with Fe3O4@PEI nanocomposite and concentrated Au@Ag
Authors: Jia Nan , Xiong Yinran , Wang Ying , Lu Siqian , Zhang Ruoqiu , Kang Yan , Du Yiping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA label‐free and novel surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method has been studied to rapidly detect common fish pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, Edwardsiella piscicida, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida). The marriage of magnetic nanospheres (Fe3O4) with polyethylenimine (PEI) could trigger surface charge modifications of Fe3O4, making it effective to capture negatively charged bacteria. After the rapid bacterial capture procedure within 10 min, Au@Ag core‐shell bimetallic nanoparticles served as hotspot providers to facilitate the enhancement of biological Raman signals. The results demonstrated that the minimum detection limit of E. piscicida could be as low as 105 cfu/ml. The peak intensity at 1628 cm−1 (E. piscicida) showed a linear relationship with the logarithm of the bacterial concentration (R2 = 0.997). A mimic test was conducted by spiking E. piscicida into tap water. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was also harnessed to classify different types of fish bacteria. And the positive rates of the training set and the prediction set were 100% and 80%, respectively. The whole experimental procedure only takes 20 min. This method opens a new avenue for the rapid detection and identification of fish pathogenic bacteria.
Cruisers' intention of returning to European destinations: A regression analysis
Authors: Bruzzi Silvia , Benevolo Clara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRepeat visitation is regarded as a desirable phenomenon in destination marketing. This topic takes on a particular interest in cruise tourism, where the first visit may depend on the cruise itinerary. This paper investigates cruise passengers' intention to revisit European destinations. It is based on the results of a wider study conducted by the Costa Group, Deloitte, and the Universities of Genoa and Hamburg, which assesses the direct, indirect, and induced impact of the Costa Group and its supply chain in Europe. In this study, we developed an online questionnaire survey for guests who had cruised with Costa and AIDA ships in 2018 to 12 ports in six European countries. This paper focuses on the results of the questionnaire delivered to Costa cruisers (21,985 responders) to investigate their intention to return. We adopted a logistic regression and found that the probability of cruisers returning depends positively on factors such as the geographic area of residence, visit duration, and expenditure ashore. Our research suggests that cruises are drivers for land‐based tourism and fuel a desire among cruisers to revisit destinations. Finally, we present management recommendations for policymakers and destinations managers to develop win–win territorial marketing strategies with cruise industry.
Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Fabricated on Internal Shrinking Substrate
Authors: Dai Derek Shui Hong Siddhartha , Peng Boyu , Chen Ming , He Zhenfei , Leung Timothy Ka Wai , Chik Gary Kwok Ki , Fan Sufeng , Lu Yang , Chan Paddy K. L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the development of flexible organic field‐effect transistors (OFET), downsizing and reduction of the operating voltage are essential for achieving a high current density with a low operating power. Although the bias voltage of the OFETs can be reduced by a high‐k dielectric, achieving a threshold voltage close to zero remains a challenge. Moreover, the scaling down of OFETs demands the use of photolithography, and may lead to compatibility issues in organic semiconductors. Herein, a new strategy based on the ductile properties of organic semiconductors is developed to control the threshold voltage at close to zero while concurrently downsizing the OFETs. The OFETs are fabricated on prestressed polystyrene shrink film substrates at room temperature, then thermal energy (160 °C) is used to release the strain. The OFETs conformally attached to the wrinkled structure are shown to locally amplify the electric field. After shrinking, the horizontal device area is reduced by 75%, and the threshold voltage is decreased from −1.44 to −0.18 V, with a subthreshold swing of 74 mV dec−1 and intrinsic gain of 4.151 × 104. These results reveal that the shrink film can be generally used as a substrate for downsizing OFETs and improving their performance.
Surface‐Engineered Homostructure for Enhancing Proton Transport
Authors: Wang Faze , Hu Enyi , Wu Hao , Yousaf Muhammad , Jiang Zheng , Fang Li , Wang Jun , Kim Jung‐Sik , Zhu Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUltra‐wide bandgap semiconductor samarium oxide attracts great interest because of its high stability and electronic properties. However, the ionic transport properties of Sm2O3 have rarely been studied. In this work, Ni doping is proposed to be used for electronic structure engineering of Sm2O3. The formation of Ni‐doping defects lowers the Fermi level to induce a local electric field, which greatly enhances the proton transport at the surface. Furthermore, ascribed to surface modification, the high concentration of vacancies and lattice disorder on the surface layer promote proton transport. A high‐performance of 1438 mW cm–2 and ionic conductivity of 0.34 S cm–1 at 550 °C have been achieved using 3% mol Ni doped Sm2O3 as electrolyte for fuel cells. The well‐dispersed Ni doped surface in Sm2O3 builds up continuous surfaces as proton channels for high‐speed transport. In this work, a new methodology is presented to develop high‐performance, low‐temperature ceramic fuel cells.
Characterization and regulatory mechanism analysis of VvmiR156a–VvAGL80 pair during grapevine flowering and parthenocarpy process induced by gibberellin
Authors: Su Ziwen , Xuan Xuxian , Sheng Zilu , Wang Fei , Zhang Xiaowen , Ye Dongdong , Wang Xicheng , Dong Tianyu , Pei Dan , Zhang Peian , Fang Jinggui , Wang Chen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroRNA156 (miR156) is an important conserved miRNA family in plants. Recently, we revealed VvmiR156a could involve in the modulation of gibberellin (GA)‐mediated flower and berry development process of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). However, how to manipulate this process is unclear. For this, we used the GA‐induced grapevine parthenocarpy system to investigate the regulatory roles of VvmiR156a during this process. Here, we cloned the mature and precursor sequences of VvmiR156a in Wink grape and identified its potential target gene VvAGL80, which belongs to the MADS‐box gene family. Moreover, using RNA ligase‐mediated 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM‐RACE) and poly(A)polymerase‐mediated 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA (PPM‐RACE) technologies, it confirmed that VvAGL80 was the true target gene of VvmiR159a. Analysis of promoter cis‐elements and β‐glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that both VvmiR156a and VvAGL80 contained GA‐responsive elements and could respond to GA treatments. Quantitative real‐time–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis exhibited the VvmiR156a and VvAGL80 showed opposite expression trends during grapevine flower and berry development, indicating that VvmiR156a negatively regulated the expression of VvAGL80 during this process. After GA treatment, the expression of miR156 in flowers was downregulated significantly, while that of VvAGL80 was upregulated, thereby accelerating grapevine flowering. Furthermore, GA treatment enhanced the negative regulation of VvmiR156a on VvAGL80 in seed, especially at the seed‐coat hardening stage, which was the key period of seed growth and development. Our findings enriched the knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of the miRNA‐mediated grapevine parthenocarpy process.
A national open‐access research registry to improve recruitment to clinical studies
Authors: Kotting Piers , Smith Adam , O'Hare Megan B. , Giebel Clarissa , Mendis Lakshini , Shaw Clare , Shillito Imogen , Rossor Martin N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionBarriers to recruitment for dementia studies are well documented. As part of the UK government's Dementia 2020 strategy, a nationally consistent system to increase public engagement and participation in research was launched in February 2015.MethodsWe describe the development of the “Join Dementia Research” registry, including evolution of policy, involvement of people with dementia in co‐production, data requirements, governance, technology, and the impact on study recruitment and what factors may have contributed to the services success.ResultsThe UK‐wide online, telephone, and postal service has registered 47,071 volunteers, with 33,139 people (67.9% of all volunteers) taking part in 378 studies, with 49,954 total study enrolments. This has taken place across 295 research sites, involved 1522 researchers, and resulted in 134 peer‐reviewed publications.DiscussionPublic registries of individuals interested in research, with user‐provided data enabling basic phenotyping, are effective at increasing public engagement with research and removing barriers to study recruitment. Deeper pheno/genotyping could be undertaken to improve matching, but how and when that information is collected will be a key factor.
Global Authenticity, Local Authority: Epistemic Power, Discursive Geographies, and the Creation of Civil Society Knowledge Networks
Authors: Fouksman E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow do networks of civil society organizations spread and contest ideas around the globe? This chapter focuses the ways practitioners within development-focused civil society organizations use spatial discursive practices to label, organize, defend, and undermine the spread and application of ideas. In particular, I look at the way members of civil society organizations defend and promote ideas as authentic and/or authoritative, navigating the need to have their knowledge and practices accepted both by beneficiaries and elite international epistemic communities. I draw on ethnographic fieldwork with two multi-sited case studies of civil society organizations, ranging from global foundations in the USA and Switzerland to their national and regional NGO partners in Kenya and Kyrgyzstan. Actors in both of these networks defend a varied array of ideas that underpin their ecological interventions through invocations of local particularity and global expertise. This chapter thus addresses the ways epistemic communities are formed and knowledge is produced and legitimized via discursive geographies and identities.
Transport Modes and the Green Economy
Authors: Nethengwe Nthaduleni Sam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides empirical evidence regarding the various transport modes and the green economy in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Issues pertaining to green transport, strategies for implementation and any challenges associated with the transition towards green transport are grounded on empirical research conducted in the province. In South Africa, transitioning to a green economy is envisioned as a vital means to respond to critical development challenges that the country is facing and will continue to face in the near future. Many of these challenges are intertwined and they range from high levels of unemployment, poverty and inequality, to energy, security and climate change. The transition to a greener economy is articulated in the national development policy through a series of frameworks, strategies, policies and Acts which all enshrine sustainability or the notion of making the South African economy greener (Department of Environment Affairs (2016) . However, the implementation of green transport in general and particularly in the Limpopo province, is still in the infancy stage.
Conclusion
Authors: Odiyo John Ogony , Bikam Peter Bitta , Chakwizira James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransition to green economy and transport is crucial to reduce environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions and climate change in South Africa. However, the challenges associated with the transition present opportunities for innovation and mitigation within the green economy and transport sector. Green economy and transport sector initiatives have the potential to address economic and environmental challenges and open new sources of growth.
Boomerang webs up to three-loop order
Authors: Gardi Einan , Harley Mark , Lodin Rebecca , Palusa Martina , Smillie Jennifer M. , White Chris D. , Yeomans Stephanie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Webs are sets of Feynman diagrams which manifest soft gluon exponentiation in gauge theory scattering amplitudes: individual webs contribute to the logarithm of the amplitude and their ultraviolet renormalization encodes its infrared structure. In this paper, we consider the particular class of boomerang webs, consisting of multiple gluon exchanges, but where at least one gluon has both of its endpoints on the same Wilson line. First, we use the replica trick to prove that diagrams involving self-energy insertions along the Wilson line do not contribute to the web, i.e. their exponentiated colour factor vanishes. Consequently boomerang webs effectively involve only integrals where boomerang gluons straddle one or more gluons that connect to other Wilson lines. Next we classify and calculate all boomerang webs involving semi-infinite non-lightlike Wilson lines up to three-loop order, including a detailed discussion of how to regulate and renormalize them. Furthermore, we show that they can be written using a basis of specific harmonic polylogarithms, that has been conjectured to be sufficient for expressing all multiple gluon exchange webs. However, boomerang webs differ from other gluon-exchange webs by featuring a lower and non-uniform transcendental weight. We cross-check our results by showing how certain boomerang webs can be determined by the so-called collinear reduction of previously calculated webs. Our results are a necessary ingredient of the soft anomalous dimension for non-lightlike Wilson lines at three loops.
Complexity from spinning primaries
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Kim Minkyoo , Van Zyl Hendrik J. R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We define circuits given by unitary representations of Lorentzian conformal field theory in 3 and 4 dimensions. Our circuits start from a spinning primary state, allowing us to generalize formulas for the circuit complexity obtained from circuits starting from scalar primary states. These results are nicely reproduced in terms of the geometry of coadjoint orbits of the conformal group. In contrast to the complexity geometry obtained from scalar primary states, the geometry is more complicated and the existence of conjugate points, signaling the saturation of complexity, remains open.
Deutschlandweite Befragung der Lehrbeauftragten in der Augenheilkunde zur studentischen Lehre in der Corona-Pandemie 2020/21
Authors: Engel Anna L. , Müller Andreas , Spät Helene , Kurz Sandra , Hoffmann Esther M. 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Corona-Pandemie hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Bedingungen der universitären studentischen Lehre. Durch die pandemiebedingten Kontaktbeschränkungen kamen vielerorts digitale Lehrformate anstatt der bisherigen Präsenzlehre zum Einsatz. Diese wurde im Sommersemester 2020 durch die Studierenden in bisher vorliegenden Veröffentlichungen teils schon gut angenommen und positiv evaluiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen der Lehrenden in der Augenheilkunde während des Wintersemesters 2020/21 gelegt.

Methodik
Anhand zweier anonymisierter Befragungen mittels Online-Fragebögen wurden zum einen die Lehrbeauftragten der Augenheilkunde der deutschen Universitätskliniken sowie zum anderen interne und externe Dozierende und Mitarbeitende in der studentischen Lehre der Augenklinik der Universitätsmedizin Mainz zu ihren Erfahrungen mit der Implementierung der digitalen Lehre befragt.

Ergebnisse
Hierbei gaben 95 % der Lehrbeauftragten der Augenkliniken der Universitätskliniken in Deutschland an, spätestens seit der Corona-Pandemie digitale Lehrkonzepte etabliert zu haben. Bei 68 % kamen Hybridformate mit anteiliger Präsenzlehre zum Einsatz. Es wurden vielfältige Lehrformate angewendet. Hierbei traten auch Schwierigkeiten, insbesondere in der Interaktion mit den Studierenden sowie durch unzureichende technische Ausstattung der Kliniken, auf. Trotz überwiegend digitaler Lehre wurden weiterhin erprobte Prüfungskonzepte in Präsenzform angewendet, nur 18 % der Befragten gaben an, Online-Prüfungen durchgeführt zu haben. Künftig wollen 86 % der Befragten digitale Formate in ihre Lehrkonzepte integrieren und als Ergänzung der bisherigen Präsenzlehre etablieren.

Diskussion
Die Entwicklung der studentischen Lehre während der Corona-Pandemie kann als Chance für die Gestaltung der zukünftigen Ausbildung von Medizinstudierenden in der Augenheilkunde dienen.