bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local 3-Dimensional Printing of a Calvarium-Anchored Ventricular Catheter Occlusion Device
Authors: Cole Tyler S , Graham Dakota T , Wakim Andre A , Bohl Michael A , Morgan Clinton D , Catapano Joshua S , Smith Kris A , Sanai Nader , Lawton Michael T 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D)-printed objects have been incorporated into many surgical specialties for various purposes. These devices can be customized and used as implants or surgical instruments. This study describes the use of a 3D-printed device that eliminates the need for a surgical assistant to occlude and retain the intracranial catheter during ventriculoperitoneal shunt creation and revision. After we identified design considerations and solutions, we modeled the device dimensions using computer-aided design software. Prototypes were 3D printed using stereolithography. Iterative design improvements were tested on cadaveric cranial samples. A final design was established, prepared by the in-hospital sterile processing department, and deployed successfully for clinical use. The design process for 3D-printed surgical instruments can produce straightforward idea-to-prototype pipelines. Because 3D-printed devices are easily duplicated and modified, small adjustments and new models can be developed, printed, and tested in a short time span.
Cardiometabolic health benefits of dairy-milk polar lipids
Authors: Bruno Richard S , Pokala Avinash , Torres-Gonzalez Moises , Blesso Christopher N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Low-quality dietary patterns impair cardiometabolic health by increasing the risk of obesity-related disorders. Cardiometabolic risk relative to dairy-food consumption continues to be a controversial topic, due to recommendations that endorse low-fat and nonfat dairy foods over full-fat varieties despite accumulated evidence that does not strongly support these recommendations. Controlled human studies and mechanistic preclinical investigations support that full-fat dairy foods decrease cardiometabolic risk by promoting gut health, reducing inflammation, and managing dyslipidemia. These gut- and systemic-level cardiometabolic benefits are attributed, at least in part, to milk polar lipids (MPLs) derived from the phospholipid- and sphingolipid-rich milk fat globule membrane that is of higher abundance in full-fat dairy milk. The controversy surrounding full-fat dairy food consumption is discussed in this review relative to cardiometabolic health and MPL bioactivities that alleviate dyslipidemia, shift gut microbiota composition, and reduce inflammation. This summary, therefore, is expected to advance the understanding of full-fat dairy foods through their MPLs and the need for translational research to establish evidence-based dietary recommendations.
Political Surveys Bias Self-Reported Economic Perceptions
Authors: Bailey Jack 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
If voters are to hold governments to account for the state of the economy, they must know how it has changed. Indeed, this is a prerequisite for democratic accountability. Yet the perceptions that voters report often show signs of clear partisan bias. At present, we do not know if this bias is real or instead due to priming in political surveys. To test this, I assign subjects at random to either a political or nonpolitical survey. I then record their economic perceptions and compare the results for each group. I show that political surveys do worsen partisan bias, though only among supporters of the incumbent party. Still, much partisan bias remains unexplained, even in the nonpolitical condition. So, while economic perception items remain biased, we can at least be sure that most people respond to them in a similar way no matter the survey context.
Neuro-computational foundations of moral preferences
Authors: Ugazio Giuseppe , Grueschow Marcus , Polania Rafael , Lamm Claus , Tobler Philippe , Ruff Christian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Moral preferences pervade many aspects of our lives, dictating how we ought to behave, whom we can marry and even what we eat. Despite their relevance, one fundamental question remains unanswered: where do individual moral preferences come from? It is often thought that all types of preferences reflect properties of domain-general neural decision mechanisms that employ a common ‘neural currency’ to value choice options in many different contexts. This view, however, appears at odds with the observation that many humans consider it intuitively wrong to employ the same scale to compare moral value (e.g. of a human life) with material value (e.g. of money). In this paper, we directly test if moral subjective values are represented by similar neural processes as financial subjective values. In a study combining functional magnetic resonance imaging with a novel behavioral paradigm, we identify neural representations of the subjective values of human lives or financial payoffs by means of structurally identical computational models. Correlating isomorphic model variables from both domains with brain activity reveals specific patterns of neural activity that selectively represent values in the moral (right temporo-parietal junction) or financial (ventral-medial prefrontal cortex) domain. Intriguingly, our findings show that human lives and money are valued in (at least partially) distinct neural currencies, supporting theoretical proposals that human moral behavior is guided by processes that are distinct from those underlying behavior driven by personal material benefit.
Snakebite frequencies and envenomation case management in primary health centers of the Bobo-Dioulasso health district (Burkina Faso) from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Bamogo Rabila , Thiam Massamba , Nikièma Achille Sindimbasba , Somé Fabrice Anyirekun , Mané Youssouph , Sawadogo Simon Péguédwindé , Sow Bazoumana , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Diatta Youssouph , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Snakebite envenomation is a significant public health problem in Burkina Faso. Our study describes the epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of snakebite cases at primary health centers in Houet Province, which is located in the western area of Burkina Faso.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of 664 snakebite cases occurring at 10 primary health centers in Houet Province from January 2014 to December 2018. Data were collected from the patient consultation recording database registry system.

Results
Affected individuals had a male/female ratio of 1.31. The lowest annual incidences (0.02 [95% CI –0.01 to 0.05] and 0.24 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.43]) were observed in the urban primary health centers of Bolomakoté and Sarfalao, respectively. Rural primary health centers in Nasso in 2016 and in Soumousso in 2014 had the highest annual incidence (13.80 [95% CI 7.59 to 20.00] and 3.92 [95% CI 2.99 to 4.86], respectively). Of the 664 registered snakebite victims, none received antivenom immunotherapy treatment.

Conclusion
Our study shows that snakebite envenomation incidents are common at the 10 primary health centers in Houet Province. Furthermore, despite the lack of antivenom and often inadequate treatment at these primary health centers, they remain the first point of care for snakebite victims.
The Intergenerational Effects of Economic Sanctions
Authors: Moeeni Safoura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile economic sanctions are successful in achieving political goals, they can hurt the civilian population. These negative effects could be even more detrimental and long lasting for future generations. This study estimates the effects of economic sanctions on children’s education by exploiting the United Nations sanctions imposed on Iran in 2006. Using the variation in the strength of sanctions across industries and difference-in-differences with synthetic control analyses, this study finds that the sanctions decreased children’s total years of schooling by 0.1 years and the probability of attending college by 4.8 percentage points. Moreover, households reduced education spending by 58 percent—particularly on school tuition. These effects are larger for children who were exposed to the sanctions for longer. The results imply that sanctions have a larger effect on the income of children than their parents. Therefore, ignoring the effects of sanctions on future generations significantly understates their total economic costs.
The Contributions to Virulence of the Effectors Eop1 and DspE Differ Between Two Clades of Erwinia tracheiphila Strains
Authors: Olawole Olakunle I. , Liu Qian , Chen Chiliang , Gleason Mark L. , Beattie Gwyn A. 
Published: September 2021

Strains of Erwinia tracheiphila, causal agent of bacterial wilt of cucurbits, are divided into distinct clades. Et-melo clade strains wilt Cucumis spp. but not Cucurbita spp., thus exhibiting host specificity, whereas Et-C1 clade strains wilt Cucurbita spp. more rapidly than Cucumis melo, thus exhibiting a host preference. This study investigated the contribution of the effector proteins Eop1 and DspE to E. tracheiphila pathogenicity and host adaptation. Loss of eop1 did not enable Et-melo strains to infect squash (Cucurbita pepo) or an Et-C1 strain to induce a more rapid wilt of muskmelon (Cucumis melo), indicating that Eop1 did not function in host specificity or preference as in the related pathogen E. amylovora. However, overexpression of eop1 from Et-melo strain MDCuke but not from Et-C1 strain BHKY increased the virulence of a BHKY eop1 deletion mutant on muskmelon, demonstrating that the Eop1 variants in the two clades are distinct in their virulence functions. Loss of dspE from Et-melo strains reduced but did not eliminate virulence on hosts muskmelon and cucumber, whereas loss of dspE from an Et-C1 strain eliminated pathogenicity on hosts squash, muskmelon, and cucumber. Thus, the centrality of DspE to virulence differs in the two clades. Et-melo mutants lacking the chaperone DspF exhibited similar virulence to mutants lacking DspE, indicating that DspF is the sole chaperone for DspE in E. tracheiphila, unlike in E. amylovora. Collectively, these results provide the first functional evaluation of effectors in E. tracheiphila and demonstrate clade-specific differences in the roles of Eop1 and DspE. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Current Alzheimer disease research highlights: evidence for novel risk factors
Authors: Brenowitz Willa D. , Xiang Yang , McEvoy Claire T. , Yang Cui , Yaffe Kristine , Le Wei-Dong , Leng Yue 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the progressive cognitive and social decline. Clinical drug targets have heavily focused on the amyloid hypothesis, with amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau proteins as key pathophysiologic markers of AD. However, no effective treatment has been developed so far, which prompts researchers to focus on other aspects of AD beyond Aβ, and tau proteins. Additionally, there is a mounting epidemiologic evidence that various environmental factors influence the development of dementia and that dementia etiology is likely heterogenous. In the past decades, new risk factors or potential etiologies have been widely studied. Here, we review several novel epidemiologic and clinical research developments that focus on sleep, hypoxia, diet, gut microbiota, and hearing impairment and their links to AD published in recent years. At the frontiers of AD research, these findings and updates could be worthy of further attention.
How is Video Efficient to Diagnose Sport-Related Concussion? A Cross-Sectional Study in the French TOP14 Rugby Championship
Authors: Gil Charlotte , Jacota Madalina , Caudron Yohan , Heynard Caroline , Rubio Elliot , Berkal Miassa , Dusfour Bernard , Faillot Thierry , Gault Nathalie , Decq Philippe 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
To describe the frequency of clinical signs and the accuracy of video diagnosis of sport-related concussion.

Design:
An observational cross-sectional study.

Setting and Participants:
Videos from a database of all suspected sport-related concussion in TOP14 matches (French professional male rugby Championship) were used, from 2012 to 2015 seasons. The videos were analyzed by 4 observers, blinded to the concussion diagnosis, after a training phase, and an inter-rater reliability analysis.

Interventions:
N/A.

Main Outcome Measures:
Video analysis for clinical signs and presumed diagnosis of sport-related concussion. The observer's diagnosis was compared with the team physicians' diagnosis.

Results:
Four hundred seventeen videos were analyzed with 142 concussed players. Sport-related concussions happened mostly from an impact to the head (seen by the observers in 98.4%), against an opponent (73.2%), and during a tackle (74.6%). Video signs were observable in 98.6% for suspected loss of consciousness, tonic posturing (95%), ataxia (77.2%), dazed look (35.7%), abnormal behavior (18.2%), and seizures (96.2%). Ataxia was seen in 77.7% of concussed players, suspected loss of consciousness in 61.4%, dazed look in 63.2%, abnormal behavior in 55%, and tonic posturing in 7.1%. The observers diagnosed 79.8% of concussions.

Conclusions:
We described the frequency of video clinical signs of sport-related concussion, with a good accuracy of the blinded observers for the diagnosis. This emphasizes the importance of pitch-side video analysis as an extra tool for sport-related concussion diagnosis.
The association between sarcopenia and endotoxin in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Sato Shinya , Namisaki Tadashi , Murata Koji , Fujimoto Yuki , Takeda Soichi , Enomoto Masahide , Shibamoto Akihiko , Ishida Koji , Ogawa Hiroyuki , Takagi Hirotetsu , Tsuji Yuki , Kaya Daisuke , Fujinaga Yukihisa , Furukawa Masanori , Inoue Takashi , Sawada Yasuhiko , Nishimura Norihisa , Kitagawa Koh , Ozutsumi Takahiro , Takaya Hiroaki , Kaji Kosuke , Shimozato Naotaka , Kawaratani Hideto , Moriya Kei , Akahane Takemi , Mitoro Akira , Yoshiji Hitoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We aimed to prospectively identify the risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis.
Patients (n = 193) included in a discovery cohort (January 2011 and December 2014) were categorized into alcoholic (A1; n = 55) and non-alcoholic cirrhosis (NA; n = 138) groups, and those (n = 235) in a validation cohort (January 2015 to December 2019) were categorized into alcoholic (n = 92), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related (n = 27), and hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis groups (n = 116). Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was determined using computed tomography (SMI-CT) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMI-BIA). Endotoxin activity (EA) was measured with an EA assay.
SMI-CT correlated with grip strength in all the groups but significantly correlated with SMI-BIA of the men in group A1 (R = 0.64, P < .0001) and both sexes in group NA (male: R = 0.44, P = .0001; female: R = 0.35, P = .003). SMI-CT inversely correlated with the EA levels of the men in group A1 (R = −0.67, P < .0001) and myostatin levels in group NA (R = −0.53, P < .0001). Lower extremity SMI had a strong negative correlation with the EA levels of the men in group A1 (R = −0.58, P < .001), whereas upper extremity SMI showed an inverse trend with EA levels (R = −0.28, P = .08). SMI-CT also inversely correlated with the EA levels in groups A2 (R = −0.52, P = .003) and N (R = −0.67, P < .0001) and myostatin levels in group C (R = −0.65, P < .0001). Moreover, SMI-CT correlated with nutritional factors, including cholinesterase (R = 0.50, P = .005), zinc (R = 0.45, P = .01), branched amino acid-to-tyrosine ratio (R = 0.39, P = .02), and triglyceride (R = 0.33, P = .03) in group N.
Sarcopenia risk factors differ among cirrhosis etiologies. Alcohol-induced, intestine-mediated peripheral endotoxemia could participate in sarcopenia development in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
Pilot Testing of a Nurse-Led Basic Symptom Self-management Support for Patients Receiving First-Line Systemic Outpatient Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Bana Marika , Ribi Karin , Peters Solange , Kropf-Staub Susanne , Näf Ernst , Zürcher-Florin Sabin , Stoffel Barbara , Blaeuer Cornelia , Borner Markus , Malin Diana , Biber Rebecca , Betticher Daniel , Kuhn-Bächler Trudy , Cantoni Nathan , Seeger Thomas , Bütikofer Lukas , Eicher Manuela ,   On behalf of the Symptom Navi Program Group
Published: September 2021

Background
The Symptom Navi Program (SNP) is a nurse-led intervention supporting basic symptom self-management for patients with any cancer diagnosis. The SNP has been accepted by patients and healthcare professionals alike.

Objective
The aims of this study were to pilot the SNP and evaluate patient-reported symptom outcomes, nursing support for symptom management, and patient safety.

Methods
Using a cluster-randomized design, we randomized centers to the intervention (SNP) or control group (usual care). Adult patients starting first-line systemic cancer treatment were included. The primary outcome was the change in symptom interference with daily functions from treatment onset to 16 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in symptom severity, symptom burden, self-efficacy, and perceived symptom management support and patient safety. We used linear and logistic mixed-effects models to pilot-test differences in mean changes between groups. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03649984).

Results
Changes in symptom interference with daily functions did not differ (mean difference at 16 weeks: −0.50; 95% confidence interval, −1.38 to 0.38; P = 0.25) between SNP (3 centers, 49 patients) and control (5 centers, 85 patients) as for all other outcomes. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
Our preliminary findings did not indicate an effect of the SNP on patient-reported symptom outcomes, self-efficacy, or symptom management support. Inadequate power and SNP components (eg, insufficient training, low number of follow-up consultations) may be attributed to the lack of an observed effect.

Implications for Practice
The SNP training content and intervention procedures merit reconsideration.
Fluid Cognition Relates to Locomotor Switching in Neurotypical Adults, Not Individuals After Stroke
Authors: French Margaret A. , Cohen Matthew L. , Pohlig Ryan T. , Reisman Darcy S. 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
The ability to switch between walking patterns (ie, locomotor switching) is vital for successful community navigation and may be impacted by poststroke impairments. Thus, the purpose of this work was to examine locomotor switching and the relationship between locomotor switching and fluid cognition in individuals after stroke compared with neurotypical adults.

Methods:
Twenty-nine individuals more than 6 months after stroke and 18 neurotypical adults participated in a 2-day study. On day 1, participants were taught a new walking pattern on the treadmill and then locomotor switching was assessed by instructing participants to switch between the new walking pattern and their usual walking pattern. The change between these 2 patterns was calculated as the switching index. On day 2, the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery was administered to obtain the Fluid Cognition Composite Score (FCCS), which reflected fluid cognition. The switching index was compared between groups using an analysis of covariance, and the relationship between locomotor switching and fluid cognition was assessed with regression.

Results:
Individuals after stroke had significantly lower switching indexes compared with neurotypical adults (P = 0.03). The regression showed a significant interaction between group and FCCS (P = 0.002), with the FCCS predicting the switching index in neurotypical adults but not in individuals after stroke.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Individuals after stroke appear to have deficits in locomotor switching compared with neurotypical adults. The relationship between fluid cognition and locomotor switching was significant in neurotypical adults but not in individuals after stroke. Future work to understand the relationship between specific cognitive domains and locomotor switching is needed (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A361).
Incidental Finding of Pulmonary Embolism at Workup Before SIRT
Authors: Kramer Stine Jentoft , Amanavicius Nerijus , Staanum Peter Frøhlich , Villadsen Gerda Elisabeth , Arveschoug Anne Kirstine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a catheter-guided treatment offered to selected patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies. SIRT is preceded by a workup procedure, where 99mTc-MAA (macroaggregated albumin) is injected in the tumor supplying artery/arteries followed by MAA scintigraphy. SIRT is frequently offered to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but large HCCs are known to be associated with a high risk of liver-to-lung shunting. We present a HCC patient case where a large lung-shunt enabled diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
Macula structural and vascular differences in glaucoma eyes with and without high axial myopia
Authors: Rezapour Jasmin , Bowd Christopher , Dohleman Jade , Belghith Akram , Proudfoot James A. , Christopher Mark , Hyman Leslie , Jonas Jost B. , Penteado Rafaella C. , Moghimi Sasan , Hou Huiyuan , Fazio Massimo A. , Weinreb Robert N. , Zangwill Linda M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the thickness of various retinal layers, and the superficial vessel density (sVD) in the macula of glaucomatous eyes and their associations with axial length (AL) and visual field mean deviation (VFMD) to identify parameters useful for glaucoma management in myopic eyes.Methods248 glaucoma patients (401 eyes) participating in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study observational cohort representing 3 axial myopia groups (non-myopia: n=146 eyes; mild myopia: n=208 eyes; high myopia (AL>26 mm): n=47 eyes) who completed macular OCT and OCT-Angiography imaging were included. The cross-sectional associations of AL and VFMD with the thickness of the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), sVD and macular choroidal thickness (mCT) were evaluated.ResultsThinner Global GCIPL and GCC were significantly associated with worse VFMD (R2=35.1%; and R2=33.4%; respectively p<0.001), but not with AL (all p>0.350). Thicker mRNFL showed a weak association with increasing AL (R2=3.4%; p=0.001) and a positive association with VFMD (global R2=20.5%; p<0.001). Lower sVD was weakly associated with increasing AL (R2=2.3%; p=0.016) and more strongly associated with more severe glaucoma VFMD (R2=31.8%; p<0.001). Thinner mCT was associated with increasing AL (R2=17.3% p<0.001) and not associated with VFMD (P=0.262). mRNFL was thickest while mCT was thinnest in all sectors of high myopic eyes.ConclusionsGCIPL and GCC thinned with increasing severity of glaucoma but were not significantly associated with axial length. GCIPL and GCC thickness may be useful clinical parameters to identify glaucoma in myopic eyes.