bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitional changes in gastrointestinal transit and rectal sensitivity from active to recovery of inflammation in a rodent model of colitis
Authors: Chen Yan , Guo Yu , Gharibani Payam , Chen Jie , Selaru Florin M. , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPatients with ulcerative colitis are typically suspected of an inflammatory flare based on suggestive symptoms of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of inflammation on colonic motility and rectal sensitivity from active to recovery of inflammation. Male rats were given drinking water with 5% dextran sulfate sodium for 7 days. Inflammation, intestinal motor and sensory functions were investigated weekly for 6 weeks. (1) The disease activity index score, fecal calprotectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha were increased from Day 0 to Day 7 (active inflammation) and then decreased gradually until recovery. (2) Distal colon transit was accelerated on Day 7, and then remained unchanged. Whole gut transit was delayed on Day 7 but accelerated from Day 14 to Day 42. (3) Rectal compliance was unaffected from Day 0 to Day 7, but decreased afterwards. (4) Rectal hypersensitivity was noted on Day 7 and persistent. (5) Plasma acetylcholine was decreased on Day 7 but increased from Day 14 to Day 42. Nerve growth factor was increased from Day 7 to Day 42. DSS-induced inflammation leads to visceral hypersensitivity that is sustained until the resolution of inflammation, probably mediated by NGF. Rectal compliance is reduced one week after the DSS-induced inflammation and the reduction is sustained until the resolution of inflammation. Gastrointestinal transit is also altered during and after active colonic inflammation.
Estradiol analogs attenuate autophagy, cell migration and invasion by direct and selective inhibition of TRPML1, independent of estrogen receptors
Authors: Rühl Philipp , Rosato Anna Scotto , Urban Nicole , Gerndt Susanne , Tang Rachel , Abrahamian Carla , Leser Charlotte , Sheng Jiansong , Jha Archana , Vollmer Günter , Schaefer Michael , Bracher Franz , Grimm Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe cation channel TRPML1 is an important regulator of lysosomal function and autophagy. Loss of TRPML1 is associated with neurodegeneration and lysosomal storage disease, while temporary inhibition of this ion channel has been proposed to be beneficial in cancer therapy. Currently available TRPML1 channel inhibitors are not TRPML isoform selective and block at least two of the three human isoforms. We have now identified the first highly potent and isoform-selective TRPML1 antagonist, the steroid 17β-estradiol methyl ether (EDME). Two analogs of EDME, PRU-10 and PRU-12, characterized by their reduced activity at the estrogen receptor, have been identified through systematic chemical modification of the lead structure. EDME and its analogs, besides being promising new small molecule tool compounds for the investigation of TRPML1, selectively affect key features of TRPML1 function: autophagy induction and transcription factor EB (TFEB) translocation. In addition, they act as inhibitors of triple-negative breast cancer cell migration and invasion.
A study of dopant incorporation in Te-doped GaAsSb nanowires using a combination of XPS/UPS, and C-AFM/SKPM
Authors: Ramaswamy Priyanka , Devkota Shisir , Pokharel Rabin , Nalamati Surya , Stevie Fred , Jones Keith , Reynolds Lew , Iyer Shanthi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report the first study on doping assessment in Te-doped GaAsSb nanowires (NWs) with variation in Gallium Telluride (GaTe) cell temperature, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), conductive-atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). The NWs were grown using Ga-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with a GaTe captive source as the dopant cell. Te-incorporation in the NWs was associated with a positive shift in the binding energy of the 3d shells of the core constituent elements in doped NWs in the XPS spectra, a lowering of the work function in doped NWs relative to undoped ones from UPS spectra, a significantly higher photoresponse in C-AFM and an increase in surface potential of doped NWs observed in SKPM relative to undoped ones. The carrier concentration of Te-doped GaAsSb NWs determined from UPS spectra are found to be consistent with the values obtained from simulated I–V characteristics. Thus, these surface analytical tools, XPS/UPS and C-AFM/SKPM, that do not require any sample preparation are found to be powerful characterization techniques to analyze the dopant incorporation and carrier density in homogeneously doped NWs.
A rebinding-assay for measuring extreme kinetics using label-free biosensors
Authors: Quinn John G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn vitro kinetic measurements allow mechanistic characterization of binding interactions and are particularly valuable throughout drug discovery, from confirmation of on-target binding in early discovery to fine-tuning of drug-binding properties in pre-clinical development. Early chemical matter often exhibits transient kinetics, which remain challenging to measure in a routine drug discovery setting. For example, characterization of irreversible inhibitors has classically relied on the alkylation rate constant, yet this metric fails to resolve its fundamental constituent rate constants, which drive reversible binding kinetics and affinity complex inactivation. In other cases, extremely rapid association processes, which can approach the diffusion limit, also remain challenging to measure. To address these limitations, a practical kinetic rebinding assay is introduced that may be applied for kinetic screening and characterization of compounds. The new capabilities afforded by this probe-based assay emerge from mixed-phase partitioning in a flow-injection configuration and have been implemented using label-free biosensing. A finite element analysis-based biosensor model, simulating inhibition of rebinding within a crowded hydrogel milieu, provided surrogate test data that enabled development and validation of an algebraic model for estimation of kinetic interaction constants. An experimental proof-of-principle demonstrating estimation of the association rate constant, decoupled from the dissociation process, provided further validation.
The image features of emotional faces that predict the initial eye movement to a face
Authors: Stuit S. M. , Kootstra T. M. , Terburg D. , van den Boomen C. , van der Smagt M. J. , Kenemans J. L. , Van der Stigchel S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmotional facial expressions are important visual communication signals that indicate a sender’s intent and emotional state to an observer. As such, it is not surprising that reactions to different expressions are thought to be automatic and independent of awareness. What is surprising, is that studies show inconsistent results concerning such automatic reactions, particularly when using different face stimuli. We argue that automatic reactions to facial expressions can be better explained, and better understood, in terms of quantitative descriptions of their low-level image features rather than in terms of the emotional content (e.g. angry) of the expressions. Here, we focused on overall spatial frequency (SF) and localized Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features. We used machine learning classification to reveal the SF and HOG features that are sufficient for classification of the initial eye movement towards one out of two simultaneously presented faces. Interestingly, the identified features serve as better predictors than the emotional content of the expressions. We therefore propose that our modelling approach can further specify which visual features drive these and other behavioural effects related to emotional expressions, which can help solve the inconsistencies found in this line of research.
An experimentally determined field winding model with frequency‐dependent parameters
Authors: Felicetti Roberto , Abrahamsson Curt Johan David , Lundin Urban 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, a set of experimental procedures is presented for determining the main electrical distributed parameters of the field winding in salient pole synchronous machines. It applies to the electrical characterisation of iron‐core power inductors and transformer windings as well, in a range of frequency useful for power electronics applications. A first estimation of the parameters is obtained by forcing the winding into resonance with capacitors of known capacitance. The obtained estimates are then refined through an iterative process, which makes use of the winding natural frequencies. The presented procedures are applied step‐by‐step to the field winding of a 60‐kVA salient pole synchronous generator with solid poles. The distributed parameters model, featured using the outlined procedures, accurately reproduces the winding voltage distribution in a large range of frequency. Finally, it is explored how the interaction between armature and rotor influences the field winding parameters, pointing to the differences of measuring them with the rotor inside or outside the machine bore.
Energy storage capacity configuration of building integrated photovoltaic‐phase change material system considering demand response
Authors: Sun Liang , Li Jiawen , Chen Lidong , Xi Jiaming , Li Benxin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the increasing building energy consumption, building integrated photovoltaic has emerged. However, this method has problems such as low photovoltaic absorption rate and large load peak–valley difference. For this reason, the authors have constructed a building integrated photovoltaic‐phase change material system considering the demand response. Under the demand response at the time of use, the system was powered by building photovoltaic power generation. The thermostatically controlled load demand inside buildings was satisfied jointly by the phase change energy storage and the air conditioning. The system can run offline or connected to the grid through surplus electricity. When electricity is insufficient, the system can purchase it from the grid. The system dispatching strategy is also given. Based on the principles of minimising the daily cost of system operation, maximising the photovoltaic absorption rate, and minimising the peak–valley difference, a multi‐objective optimisation model is established, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to perform the capacity configuration on the energy storage system. Finally, case analysis was conducted to verify that the scheme is able to reduce the system operating cost by over 50%. In addition, it can greatly increase the photovoltaic absorption rate and reduce the peak–valley difference to achieve peak load shifting. The scheme has significant economic and technical benefits.
Onkologische Rehabilitation und Entwicklung von Strategien in Krisensituationen am Beispiel der Covid-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 unter Berücksichtigung einer Patienten- und Mitarbeiterbefragung
Authors: Leibbrand Birgit , Seifart Ulf 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einführung Krebserkrankungen sind lebensbedrohliche Erkrankungen, häufig mit kurativen Therapieansätzen, hohem Rezidivrisiko und belastenden Symptomen, die einer unmittelbaren, qualitätsgesicherten Versorgung bei gleichzeitiger Patientenzufriedenheit und hoher Mitarbeitermotivation über die gesamte Versorgungskette hinweg einschließlich Rehabilitation, auch in Zeiten einer Pandemie, bedürfen.
Methoden Bevor Empfehlungen und Vorschriften übergeordneter Behörden erlassen wurden, begannen wir bereits im Februar 2020 einen Pandemieplan zur Aufrechterhaltung der onkologischen Rehabilitation zu entwickeln. Unter Einbeziehung der Mitarbeiter wurden Schutzpläne für Rehabilitanden und Mitarbeiter entwickelt mit dem Ziel einer Covid-19-freien Rehabilitation. Ablaufpläne wurden auf Grundlage der Epidemiologischen Bulletins des RKI (Robert Koch Institut, Deutschland) von 2017 (Influenza-Infektion) und 2020 (Covid-19) erarbeitet und eingesetzt. Die Effekte dieser Maßnahmen wurden mittels einer Patienten- und Mitarbeiterbefragung evaluiert.
Ergebnisse Die Herausforderungen des pandemischen Geschehens wurden erfolgreich umgesetzt. Sowohl die Patienten-, als auch die Mitarbeiterbefragung zeigten eine hohe Akzeptanz der Maßnahmen bei gleichzeitig hoher Zufriedenheit, trotz der Mehrbelastungen bzw. Einschränkungen. So gaben 98,5% der Patienten an, dass die Fortsetzung der Rehabilitation wichtig für ihre Gesundheit sei. Gleichzeitig fühlten sich 87% sicher in den Kliniken aufgehoben. 88% aller Mitarbeiter (MA) und 93% der MA der Risikogruppe gaben an, dass die Schutzmaßnahmen zum richtigen Zeitpunkt eingeführt wurden. Gleichzeitig waren 76% aller und 84% der Mitarbeiter der Risikogruppe mit der Mehrbelastung einverstanden. Trotz des hohen Risikopotentials in den Kliniken (immungeschwächte Patienten, Patienten aus verschiedenen z.T. sehr unterschiedlich belasteten Landkreisen) konnte bis dato ein SARS-CoV-2 Ausbruch in den Kliniken vermieden werden.
Zusammenfassung Das rechtzeitige Ausrollen adaptierter Pandemieregeln in Rehabilitationskliniken, ermöglicht auch in Pandemiezeiten die Fortführung einer qualitativ hochwertigen onkologischen Rehabilitation und trägt damit zu einer Stabilisierung der Versorgungskette bei Krebserkrankungen bei. Gleichzeitig konnte eine hohe Akzeptanz der Maßnahmen bei Patienten und Mitarbeitern der Kliniken evaluiert werden.
U.S. COVID-19 State Government Public Dashboards: An Expert Review
Authors: Fareed Naleef , Swoboda Christine M. , Chen Sarah , Potter Evelyn , Wu Danny T. Y. , Sieck Cynthia J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground In the United States, all 50 state governments deployed publicly viewable dashboards regarding the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to track and respond to the pandemic. States dashboards, however, reflect idiosyncratic design practices based on their content, function, and visual design and platform. There has been little guidance for what state dashboards should look like or contain, leading to significant variation.Objectives The primary objective of our study was to catalog how information, system function, and user interface were deployed across the COVID-19 state dashboards. Our secondary objective was to group and characterize the dashboards based on the information we collected using clustering analysis.Methods For preliminary data collection, we developed a framework to first analyze two dashboards as a group and reach agreement on coding. We subsequently doubled coded the remaining 48 dashboards using the framework and reviewed the coding to reach total consensus.Results All state dashboards included maps and graphs, most frequently line charts, bar charts, and histograms. The most represented metrics were total deaths, total cases, new cases, laboratory tests, and hospitalization. Decisions on how metrics were aggregated and stratified greatly varied across dashboards. Overall, the dashboards were very interactive with 96% having at least some functionality including tooltips, zooming, or exporting capabilities. For visual design and platform, we noted that the software was dominated by a few major organizations. Our cluster analysis yielded a six-cluster solution, and each cluster provided additional insights about how groups of states engaged in specific practices in dashboard design.Conclusion Our study indicates that states engaged in dashboard practices that generally aligned with many of the goals set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Essential Public Health Services. We highlight areas where states fall short of these expectations and provide specific design recommendations to address these gaps.
Endovascular Considerations in Traumatic Injury of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
Authors: Vellimana Ananth K. , Lavie Jayson , Chatterjee Arindam Rano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCervical carotid and vertebral artery traumatic injuries can have a devastating natural history. This article reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, and classification systems pertinent to consideration of endovascular treatment. The growing role of modern endovascular techniques for the treatment of these diseases is presented to equip endovascular surgeons with a framework for critically assessing patients presenting with traumatic cervical cerebrovascular injury.
Craniofacial Trauma and Vascular Injury
Authors: Bernath Megan M. , Mathew Sunu , Kovoor Jerry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCerebrovascular injury is a potentially devastating outcome following craniofacial trauma. Interventional radiologists play an important role in detecting, grading, and treating the different types of vascular injury. Computed tomography angiography plays a significant role in the detection of these injuries. Carotid-cavernous fistulas, extra-axial hematomas, pseudoaneurysms, and arterial lacerations are rare vessel injuries resulting from craniofacial trauma. If left untreated, these injuries can lead to vessel rupture and hemorrhage into surrounding areas. Acute management of these vessel injuries includes early identification with angiography and treatment with endovascular embolization. Endovascular therapy resolves vessel abnormalities and reduces the risk of vessel rupture and associated complications.
The Current Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Acute Trauma Patient
Authors: Luckhurst Casey M. , Mendoza April E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrauma is one of the most common causes of death, particularly in younger individuals. The development of specialized trauma centers, trauma-specific intensive care units, and trauma-focused medical subspecialties has led to the formation of comprehensive multidisciplinary teams and an ever-growing body of research and innovation. The field of interventional radiology provides a unique set of minimally invasive, endovascular techniques that has largely changed the way that many trauma patients are managed. This article discusses the role of interventional radiology in the care of this complex patient population, and in particular how the specialty fits into the overall team management of these patients.
Where Does Interventional Radiology Fit in with Trauma Management Algorithm?
Authors: Pillai A. S. , Srinivas S. , Kumar G. , Pillai A. K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrauma is a major cause of death in the United States, particularly in the younger population. Many traumatic deaths, as well as major morbidity, occur secondary to uncontrolled hemorrhage and eventual exsanguination. Interventional radiology plays a major role in treating these patients, and interventional techniques have evolved to the point where they are an integral part of treatment in these critically ill patients. This article reviews the role of interventional radiology in the treatment algorithms for traumatic injury sponsored by major societies and associations.
Thoracic Trauma, Nonaortic Injuries
Authors: Jones Kai A. , Sadri Shirin , Ahmad Noor , Weintraub Joseph R. , Reis Stephen P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Approximately two-thirds of trauma patients have thoracic injuries. Nonvascular injury to the chest is most common; however, while vascular injuries to the chest make up a small minority of injuries in thoracic trauma, these injuries are most likely to require intervention by interventional radiology (IR). IR plays a vital role, with much to offer, in the evaluation and management of patients with both vascular and nonvascular thoracic trauma; in many cases, IR treatments obviate the need for these patients to go to the operating room. This article reviews the role of IR in the treatment of vascular an nonvascular traumatic thoracic injuries.
E2A-regulated epigenetic landscape promotes memory CD8 T cell differentiation
Authors: Schauder David M. , Shen Jian , Chen Yao , Kasmani Moujtaba Y. , Kudek Matthew R. , Burns Robert , Cui Weiguo 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Following an acute viral infection, the majority of activated virus-specific CD8 T cells die off, while a smaller subset survives and develops into long-lived memory CD8 T cells. The underlying process regulation of this cell fate decision remains incompletely understood. In this study, we identify two main patterns of gene regulatory networks underlying effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation. Furthermore, enhancer activity correlates with these regulon patterns. Finally, cells destined to become memory CD8 T cells maintain accessibility at enhancers regulating key memory-related genes, and the transcription factor E2A regulates the accessibility of many memory-related enhancers to promote memory cell formation.
Host barriers to SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated by ferrets in a high-exposure domestic setting
Authors: Sawatzki Kaitlin , Hill Nichola J. , Puryear Wendy B. , Foss Alexa D. , Stone Jonathon J. , Runstadler Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Ferrets have been demonstrated to be susceptible to laboratory infection of SARS-CoV-2, raising the possibility of natural transmission from humans into their pets in domestic settings. We demonstrate that ferrets may have host barriers that limit natural infection and transmission. First, we find no evidence of infection in 29 ferrets from a home with constant exposure to two adults with one confirmed and one suspected case of symptomatic COVID-19. Second, we analyze genetic sequences from viruses and hosts and demonstrate that ferrets have genetic factors that confer resistance to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that ferret infection may require viral adaptation, and therefore ferrets may only be semipermissive models of SARS-CoV-2 disease or transmission.
Evaluation of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies on Opioid use Disorder
Authors: Balcerak Greg , Shepard Samuel , Ottwell Ryan , Arthur Wade , Hartwell Micah , Beaman Jason , Lu Kaelyn , Zhu Lan , Wright Drew N. , Vassar Matt 
Published: April 2021

Background Spin, or the inappropriate formatting of information to emphasize certain outcomes, should not be present in research. This study focuses on identifying and characterizing the presence of spin in systematic review and meta-analysis abstracts that focus on the treatment of opioid use disorder. Methods Search strategies were developed to identify studies pertaining to the treatment of opioid use disorder. The studies were then screened by two authors. These qualifying studies were then evaluated for the presence of spin within their abstracts by two trained authors. These studies were also evaluated by the AMSTAR-2 standards to evaluate the quality of the qualifying systematic reviews by two trained reviewers. Results The sample in this study included 113 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Spin was present in 20 of these studies (20/113, 17.7%). The most common spin form was spin type 3 (6/20, 30%), followed by types 5 and 9 (both 4/20, 20%), type 6 (3/20, 15%), type 7 (2/20, 10%), and type 8 (1/20, 5%). The remaining spin types 1, 2, and 4 were not present in the sample. Of the 113 included studies, the most common intervention type was pharmacologic (93/113, 82%). No significant association was found between the quality of a systematic review and the presence of spin. Conclusions Findings in this study show positive trends in prevalence of five forms of spin evaluated in abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses looking at treatments for opioid use disorder. However, study quality had no significant association with the presence of spin. Misrepresentation of results, or spin, may alter a clinician's perceptions about treatment efficacies. Therefore, increasing physician awareness of spin may improve clinical decision-making.