bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparable endemic coronavirus nucleoprotein‐specific antibodies in mild and severe Covid‐19 patients
Authors: Leach Susannah , Harandi Ali M. , Bergström Tomas , Andersson Lars‐Magnus , Nilsson Staffan , van der Hoek Lia , Gisslén Magnus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe severity of disease of Covid‐19 is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to critical respiratory disease and death. Potential cross‐reactive immune responses between SARS‐CoV‐2 and endemic coronavirus (eCoV) may hypothetically contribute to this variability. We herein studied if eCoV nucleoprotein (N)‐specific antibodies in the sera of patients with mild or severe Covid‐19 are associated with Covid‐19 severity. There were comparable levels of eCoV N‐specific antibodies early and during the first month of infection in Covid‐19 patients with mild and severe symptoms, and healthy SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative subjects. These results warrant further studies to investigate the potential role of eCoV‐specific antibodies in immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Lack of immune response after mRNA vaccination to SARS‐CoV‐2 in a solid organ transplant patient
Authors: Rusk Debra S. , Strachan Christian C. , Hunter Benton R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe recent approval and distribution of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have been a major development in the fight against the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The first two vaccines approved in the United States, mRNA‐1273, and BNT162b2, are both messenger RNA (mRNA) based and highly effective in immunocompetent persons, but efficacy in patients on immunosuppressants has not been established. Additionally, data suggests these patients are less likely than immunocompetent people to develop neutralizing antibodies after COVID‐19 infection. Given the high risk of poor outcomes in organ transplant and immunosuppressed patients, effective vaccination is paramount in this group. We present the first reported case of a solid organ transplant patient who failed to achieve seroconversion after two doses of mRNA vaccine. This case has significant implications about how immunosuppressed patients should be counseled about SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and the protection provided. Physicians should remain clinically suspicious for infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 despite vaccination status in solid organ transplant patients.
Treatment patterns in US patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 and pulmonary involvement
Authors: Best Jennie H. , Kong Amanda M. , Kaplan‐Lewis Emma , Brawley Otis W. , Baden Rachel , Zazzali James L. , Miller Karen S. , Loveless James , Jariwala‐Parikh Krutika , Mohan Shalini V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study describes the baseline characteristics and treatment patterns of US patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and pulmonary involvement. Patients hospitalized with pulmonary involvement due to COVID‐19 (first hospitalization) were identified in the IBM Explorys® electronic health records database. Demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, and in‐hospital medications were assessed. For evaluation of in‐hospital medications, results were stratified by race, geographic region, age, and month of admission. Of 6564 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19‐related pulmonary involvement, 50.4% were male, and mean (SD) age was 62.6 (16.4) years; 75.2% and 23.6% of patients were from the South and Midwest, respectively, and 50.2% of patients were African American. Compared with African American patients, a numerically higher proportion of White patients received dexamethasone (19.7% vs. 31.8%, respectively), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 27.1% vs. 34.9%), bronchodilators (19.8% vs. 29.5%), and remdesivir (9.3% vs. 21.0%). Numerically higher proportions of White patients than African American patients received select medications in the South but not in the Midwest. Compared with patients in the South, a numerically higher proportion of patients in the Midwest received dexamethasone (20.1% vs. 34.5%, respectively), NSAIDs (19.6% vs. 55.7%), bronchodilators (15.9% vs. 41.3%), and remdesivir (10.6% vs. 23.1%). Inpatient use of hydroxychloroquine decreased over time, whereas the use of dexamethasone and remdesivir increased over time. Among US patients predominantly from the South and Midwest hospitalized with COVID‐19 and pulmonary involvement, differences were seen in medication use between different races, geographic regions, and months of hospitalization.
Decreased in‐hospital mortality associated with aspirin administration in hospitalized patients due to severe COVID‐19
Authors: Haji Aghajani Mohammad , Moradi Omid , Amini Hossein , Azhdari Tehrani Hamed , Pourheidar Elham , Rabiei Mohammad M. , Sistanizad Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHypercoagulability and thrombosis caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are related to the higher mortality rate. Because of limited data on the antiplatelet effect, we aimed to evaluate the impact of aspirin add‐on therapy on the outcome of the patients hospitalized due to severe COVID‐19. In this cohort study, patients with a confirmed diagnosis of severe COVID‐19 admitted to Imam Hossein Medical Center, Tehran, Iran from March 2019 to July 2020 were included. Demographics and related clinical data during their hospitalization were recorded. The mortality rate of the patients was considered as the primary outcome and its association with aspirin use was assessed. Nine hundred and ninety‐one patients were included, of that 336 patients (34%) received aspirin during their hospitalization and 655 ones (66%) did not. Comorbidities were more prevalent in the patients who were receiving aspirin. Results from the multivariate COX proportional model demonstrated a significant independent association between aspirin use and reduction in the risk of in‐hospital mortality (0.746 [0.560–0.994], p = 0.046). Aspirin use in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 is associated with a significant decrease in mortality rate. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of aspirin administration in this population.
Change in unit‐level job attitudes following strategic interventions: A meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Solinger Omar N. , Joireman Jeff , Vantilborgh Tim , Balliet Daniel P. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe present meta‐analysis tests how cost‐ and people‐oriented strategic interventions impact temporal‐dynamic changes in unit‐level job attitudes within organizations. Analyses are based on 573 effect sizes across 137 longitudinal studies containing unit‐level change in job attitudes across three time periods (pre‐change, during change, and post‐change). Results reveal that unit‐level job attitudes (a) decline during cost‐oriented changes (e.g., restructuring) and remain at lower levels following the changes (supporting a sustained change model); (b) increase during people‐oriented changes (i.e., HRM investments) and remain at higher levels following the interventions (consistent with a sustained change model); and (c) remain unchanged over time when cost‐ and people‐oriented interventions are combined. Tests of a process model further reveal that cost‐oriented (people‐oriented) interventions impact unit‐level job attitudes by reducing (increasing) perceived support (relative to a no intervention control). The pattern of findings suggests that long‐term, unit‐level change in job attitudes can be anticipated to follow from strategic interventions, although some of the negative impact of cost cutting can be mitigated by maintaining perceptions of support.
The combined effects of dynamization time and degree on bone healing
Authors: Fu Ruisen , Feng Yili , Liu Youjun , Willie Bettina M. , Yang Haisheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDynamization, increasing the interfragmentary movement (IFM) by reducing the fixation stiffness from a rigid to a more flexible condition, is widely used clinically to promote fracture healing. However, it remains unknown how dynamization degree (relative change in fixation stiffness/IFM from a rigid to a flexible fixation) affects bone healing at various stages. To address this issue, we used a fuzzy logic‐based mechano‐regulated tissue differentiation algorithm on published experimental data from a sheep osteotomy healing model. We applied a varied degree of dynamization, from 0 (fully rigid fixation) to 0.9 (90% reduction in stiffness relative to the rigid fixation) after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of osteotomy (R1wF, R2wF, R3wF, and R4wF) and computationally evaluated bone regeneration and biomechanical integrity over the healing process of 8 weeks. Compared with the constant rigid fixation, early dynamization (R1wF and R2wF) led to delays in bone bridging and biomechanical recovery of the osteotomized bone. However, the effect of early dynamization on healing was dependent of the degree of dynamization. Specifically, a higher dynamization degree (e.g., 0.9 for R1wF) led to a prolonged delay in bone bridging and largely unrecovered bending stiffness (48% relative to the intact bone), whereas a moderate degree of dynamization (e.g., 0.5 or 0.7) significantly enhanced bone formation and biomechanical properties of the osteotomized bone. These results suggest that dynamization degree and timing interactively affect the healing process. A combination of early dynamization with a moderate degree could enhance the ultimate biomechanical recovery of the fractured bone.
Anticipated impact of recent ethanol lock shortage and price increase on practice among pediatric intestinal rehabilitation programs across the United States
Authors: Talathi Saurabh , Mezoff Ethan , Galloway David , Rahhal Riad 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundEthanol lock use has been associated with significantly lower rates of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in children with intestinal failure. Concerns have been raised among intestinal rehabilitation program providers regarding the impact of recent changes in cost and availability of ethanol locks in the US.MethodsWe conducted a survey among the members of the North American Society For Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Intestinal Rehabilitation Special Interest Group (NASPGHAN IR‐SIG) regarding practice changes among providers to tackle this issue and the anticipated effect on CLABSI rates.ResultsThe results show that the vast majority of US participants use ethanol locks in their population with intestinal failure, with most anticipating or already experiencing reduction in access to ethanol locks. Most worrisome is that more than half of participating programs expect an increase in CLABSI rates in this vulnerable patient population as a consequence of limited access to ethanol locks.ConclusionFurther multicenter prospective studies to assess the efficacy of alternative locking agents, besides ethanol, are needed in order to have readily available and affordable options for CLABSI prevention in the future.
Evaluation of galectin‐3, peptidylarginine deiminase‐4, and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in gingival crevicular fluid for periodontal health, gingivitis, and Stage III Grade C periodontitis: A pilot study
Authors: Akkaya Hazal Üstünel , Yılmaz Huriye Erbak , Narin Figen , Sağlam Mehmet 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundComparing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of galectin‐3, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in individuals with stage III grade C periodontitis and gingivitis and with healthy periodontium was the purpose of this clinical research.MethodsSixty systemically healthy and non‐smoker individuals consisting of stage III grade C periodontitis (group S3P/n = 20), gingivitis (group G/n = 20), and periodontally healthy (group HP/n = 20) were recruited for this research. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding on probing were recorded in periodontal charts. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method was used in evaluating the GCF levels of galectin‐3, PAD4, and TNF‐α for study groups.ResultsThe GCF galectin‐3 total amount was highest in group S3P compared with group G and group HP (P <0.05). Its total amount was also higher in group G compared with group HP (P <0.05). The GCF PAD4 total amount was higher in group S3P compared with group HP (P <0.05) but was similar with group G (P >0.05). Its total amounts were also similar in group G and group HP (P >0.05). The GCF TNF‐α total amounts were similar in group S3P and group G (P >0.05) but significantly greater than the group HP (P ˂0.05). The GCF galectin‐3, PAD4, and TNF‐α concentrations were lower in the group S3P and group G compared with the group HP (P <0.05). There were significant positive correlations between GCF galectin‐3 total amount and all clinical parameters (P ˂0.01) and also between GCF galectin‐3 and TNF‐α total amounts (P ˂0.01). There was no correlation between PAD4 and clinical parameters, or between PAD4 and TNF‐α (P >0.05).ConclusionsGalectin‐3 and PAD4 may be involved in the periodontal disease pathogenesis considering the elevated levels of these molecules in periodontal disease. These biomarkers may be used in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases.
Integral imaging display with enhanced depth of field based on bifocal lens array
Authors: Wang Lei , Deng Huan , Zhong Fei‐Yan , Chen Cong , Li Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a depth‐enhanced integral imaging display based on bifocal lens array. The bifocal lens array consists of a small lens array with plano‐convex circular lens units and a large lens array with square lens units. The proposed display device generates two central depth planes and stitches two reconstructed 3‐D images in depth, which largely improves the depth of field. The experimental results indicate that the proposed structure reconstructed 3‐D image with the depth of field as large as 150.8 mm, which is double of conventional integral imaging display.
Locally Optimizable Joint Embedding Framework to Design Nitrogen‐rich Molecules that are Similar but Improved
Authors: Balakrishnan Sangeeth , VanGessel Francis G. , Boukouvalas Zois , Barnes Brian C. , Fuge Mark D. , Chung Peter W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeep learning has shown great potential for generating molecules with desired properties. But the cost and time required to obtain relevant property data have limited study to only a few classes of materials for which extensive data have already been collected. We develop a deep learning method that combines a generative model with a property prediction model to fuse small data of one class of molecules with larger data in another class. Common low‐level physicochemical properties are jointly embedded into a latent space that can be used to design molecules in the smaller class. The chemical space around the molecules in the training set is explored through local gradient ascent optimization. Based on nine molecules from the original training set, nine new molecules are found to have improved properties while remaining structurally similar to the training molecules thereby easing requirements for entirely new synthesis routes. Validation is performed using an equilibrium thermochemistry code to verify the molecules and target properties. A specific example targeting the Chapman‐Jouguet velocity and small data for nitrogen‐rich molecules is shown. Despite the relative lack of nitrogen‐rich molecule data, the results demonstrate that fusing and joint embedding with plentiful low nitrogen molecular data can produce higher generative performance than using the scarce data alone.
A generic deep learning model for reduced gadolinium dose in contrast‐enhanced brain MRI
Authors: Pasumarthi Srivathsa , Tamir Jonathan I. , Christensen Soren , Zaharchuk Greg , Zhang Tao , Gong Enhao 
Published: April 2021

PurposeWith rising safety concerns over the use of gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) in contrast‐enhanced MRI, there is a need for dose reduction while maintaining diagnostic capability. This work proposes comprehensive technical solutions for a deep learning (DL) model that predicts contrast‐enhanced images of the brain with approximately 10% of the standard dose, across different sites and scanners.MethodsThe proposed DL model consists of a set of methods that improve the model robustness and generalizability. The steps include multi‐planar reconstruction, 2.5D model, enhancement‐weighted L1, perceptual, and adversarial losses. The proposed model predicts contrast‐enhanced images from corresponding pre‐contrast and low‐dose images. With IRB approval and informed consent, 640 heterogeneous patient scans (56 train, 13 validation, and 571 test) from 3 institutions consisting of 3D T1‐weighted brain images were used. Quantitative metrics were computed and 50 randomly sampled test cases were evaluated by 2 board‐certified radiologists. Quantitative tumor segmentation was performed on cases with abnormal enhancements. Ablation study was performed for systematic evaluation of proposed technical solutions.ResultsThe average peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) between full‐dose and model prediction were dB and , respectively. Radiologists found the same enhancing pattern in 45/50 (90%) cases; discrepancies were minor differences in contrast intensity and artifacts, with no effect on diagnosis. The average segmentation Dice score between full‐dose and synthesized images was (median = 0.91).ConclusionsWe have proposed a DL model with technical solutions for low‐dose contrast‐enhanced brain MRI with potential generalizability under diverse clinical settings.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Predict Progression-Free Survival of Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with Abemaciclib
Authors: Badaoui Sarah , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Rowland Andrew , Sorich Michael J. , Hopkins Ashley M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Abemaciclib is a CDK4/6 inhibitor used to treat hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer. The prognostic value of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) has been minimally explored for treatment outcomes with CDK4/6 inhibitors. The performance of PROs compared with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) is unknown.

Materials and Methods
This study pooled data from single-arm trial, MONARCH 1, and randomized trials, MONARCH 2 and 3. In total, 900 patients initiated abemaciclib and 384 comparator therapy. Pretreatment PRO association with progression-free survival (PFS) was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression. Prediction performance was assessed via the C-statistic (c). PROs were recorded via the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30.

Results
Patient-reported physical function, pain, role function, fatigue, and appetite loss were associated with PFS on univariable and adjusted analysis (p &lt; .05). Physical function (c = 0.55) was most predictive, superior to ECOG-PS (c = 0.54), with multivariable analysis indicating both provide independent information (p &lt; .02). In the pooled randomized arms of MONARCH 2 and 3, the PFS treatment benefit (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) of abemaciclib (vs. comparators) was 0.75 (0.57–1.0) for low physical function, compared with 0.48 (0.40–0.59) for intermediate/high (p[interaction] = .01).

Conclusion
PROs were identified as prognostic factors for PFS in patients initiating abemaciclib, with patient-reported physical function containing independent predictive information beyond ECOG-PS. Low physical function was associated with a decrease in the magnitude of PFS benefit from abemaciclib. PROs should be explored as prognostic, predictive, and stratification factors for clinical use and research trials of CDK4/6 inhibitors.

Implications for Practice
For the first time, pretreatment patient-reported outcomes have been shown to be independent prognostic markers for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients diagnosed with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer treated with abemaciclib. Importantly, patients with low physical function had a smaller PFS benefit from abemaciclib (vs. comparator) than patients with intermediate/high physical function. The present study demonstrates patient-reported outcomes as a simple, effective, inexpensive, and independent prognostic marker for patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer treated with abemaciclib.
Not all stress is created equal: Acute, not ambient stress, impairs learning in high schizotypes
Authors: Walter Emma E. , Fernandez Francesca , Barkus Emma 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLearning from feedback is essential for daily functioning, with factors that impact learning having implications for healthy and clinical populations. Reinforcement learning appears impaired across the psychosis continuum, with deficits reported in patients with psychotic disorders as well as high schizotypes from the general population. Stress can impair learning, and sensitivity to stress is present along the psychosis continuum. The aim of the present study was to understand if stress impairs reinforcement learning in those at the lower end of the psychosis continuum. We investigated both naturalistic stress in everyday life using daily hassles (Study 1: n = 70; 31% male, M age = 22.67 years) and acute psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test (Study 2: n = 57; 32% male, M age = 22.43 years). In the presence of naturalistic stress, learning did not differ across schizotypes. However, under acute psychosocial stress, high schizotypes experienced impaired learning. Our results suggest trail‐and‐error learning is robust to the ebbs and flows of everyday stress for high schizotypes; however, acute stress is associated with decrements in learning. This indicates that the magnitude of stressors should be considered when designing cognitive and functional interventions for those along the psychosis continuum.
Flexible electroactive PVDF/ZnO nanocomposite with high output power and current density
Authors: Chandran Akash M. , Varun S. , Mural Prasanna Kumar S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a lightweight and flexible polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite was prepared using a low‐temperature phase‐inversion process. The synergetic effect of low‐temperature, phase‐inversion, and the integration of ZnO nanoparticles primes on enhancing the electroactive polar β‐phase in the nanocomposite. The transformation of the electroactive phase and its quantification were carried out using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The PVDF/ZnO piezoelectric polymer nanocomposite was utilized for energy harvesting application that showed a better electromechanical response of ca. 69 V (peak to peak) at ~1.6 N, 250 μW/cm2 surface power density and 0.25 mA/cm2 surface current density. The fabricated piezoelectric polymer nanocomposite is a possible candidate for superior energy scavenging applications for capturing human kinematics.