bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Degradation Diagnosis Method for Gas Turbine—Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems Using Bayesian Networks
Authors: Mantelli Luca , Zaccaria Valentina , Ferrari Mario Luigi , Kyprianidis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to develop and test Bayesian belief network-based diagnosis methods, which can be used to predict the most likely degradation levels of turbine, compressor, and fuel cell (FC) in a hybrid system based on different sensors measurements. The capability of the diagnosis systems to understand if an abnormal measurement is caused by a component degradation or by a sensor fault is also investigated. The data used both to train and to test the networks are generated from a deterministic model and later modified to consider noise or bias in the sensors. The application of Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) to fuel cell—gas turbine hybrid systems is novel, thus the results obtained from this analysis could be a significant starting point to understand their potential. The diagnosis systems developed for this work provide essential information regarding levels of degradation and presence of faults in a gas turbine, fuel cell and sensors in a fuel cell—gas turbine hybrid system. The Bayesian belief networks proved to have a good level of accuracy for all the scenarios considered, regarding both steady-state and transient operations. This analysis also suggests that in the future a Bayesian belief network could be integrated with the control system to achieve safer and more efficient operations of these plants.
Characterization of Product End-of-Life Strategies to Enhance Recyclability
Authors: Rose Catherine M. , Beiter Kurt A. , Ishii Kosuke , Masui Keijiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper surveys end-of-life strategies currently used in the electronics and appliances industries and identifies product characteristics to guide designers to specify appropriate strategies. The survey indicates that characteristics such as wear-out life, design cycle, technology cycle, functional complexity, number of materials, number of parts and others are important in determining the end-of-life strategy. Two characteristics, product life and technology cycle, serve to demonstrate a possible categorization of products’ end-of-life path. The categorization leads to developing a methodology that guides product developers. By expanding the methodology to include all characteristics, designers will be able to specify end-of-life strategies, to seek environmentally friendly designs, and to develop new recycling technologies. This paper concludes with a proposed web-based application for identifying suitable product end-of-life strategies early in the design cycle of a broad range of products based on key product characteristics.
Defining Product Architecture During Conceptual Design
Authors: Allen Kevin R. , Carlson-Skalak Susan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Product architecture can have a significant impact on a product’s life-cycle and its development time. Modular product architecture allows for easy disassembly upon product retirement and allows for wide product variety. In a small company, the team structure of the company can correspond to the modules, and modules can be used across product lines. By using similar modules from one generation to the next, product development time can be reduced. The methodology described in this paper gives a small company the framework from which to develop modular products.
Agent-Based Synthesis of Electro-Mechanical Design Configurations
Authors: Campbell Matthew , Cagan Jonathan , Kotovsky Kenneth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new theory of engineering design known as A-Design is presented that creates design configurations through the interaction of directed software agents. By combining unique problem solving strategies, these agents are able to generate solutions to open-ended design problems. Currently, the A-Design representation and implementation is tailored to solve general electro-mechanical design problems where, given specific user goals, agents within the system reason about the desired functionality to create possible alternatives. These alternatives are subject to an iterative stochastic search algorithm in order to find improved design states. This paper presents an overview of the A-Design theory and focuses on two major aspects: a method for representing electromechanical design configurations, and the reasoning of the agents which construct these configurations.
Web-Based Collaborative Design Modeling and Decision Support
Authors: Pahng Gun-Dong F. , Bae Seockhoon , Wallace David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an integrated but open product development environment for distributed and collaborative design. The web-based framework, called DOME, allows designers to build integrated models using both local and distributed resources and to collaborate by exchanging services. Thus, an integrated model can be created while each participant focuses on their own area of expertise. A design model is created by connecting modules, each of which can represent specific components, analysis capabilities/software, disciplines, or organizations relevant to the problem. The modules interact with each other using service exchanges based upon the CORBA standard communication protocol for distributed objects. The resulting module network forms a concurrent model in which changes propagate through service exchanges. Modules can simultaneously function as both clients (using services from other modules) and servers (providing services to other modules). A Java applet-based user interface provides cross-platform and distributed user access to DOME module servers throughout the network.
Dynamic Modeling of a Parallel Manipulator With Three Translational Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Stamper Richard , Tsai Lung-Wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of a parallel manipulator with three translational degrees of freedom are considered. Two models are developed to characterize the dynamics of the manipulator. The first is a traditional Lagrangian based model, and is presented to provide a basis of comparison for the second approach. The second model is based on a simplified Newton-Euler formulation. This method takes advantage of the kinematic structure of this type of parallel manipulator that allows the actuators to be mounted directly on the base. Accordingly, the dynamics of the manipulator is dominated by the mass of the moving platform, end-effector, and payload rather than the mass of the actuators. This paper suggests a new method to approach the dynamics of parallel manipulators that takes advantage of this characteristic. Using this method the forces that define the motion of moving platform are mapped to the actuators using the Jacobian matrix, allowing a simplified Newton-Euler approach to be applied. This second method offers the advantage of characterizing the dynamics of the manipulator nearly as well as the Lagrangian approach while being less computationally intensive. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the close agreement between the two models.
Communicating clocks shape circadian homeostasis
Authors: Koronowski Kevin B. , Sassone-Corsi Paolo 
Published: February 2021

Regulating multiple body clocks
Circadian rhythms that affect multiple tissues and organ systems are aligned with the dark-light cycle and other external inputs such as feeding. But how is such time keeping modulated throughout complex systems and anatomical regions? Koronowski and Sassone-Corsi reviewed how central regulators in the brain and peripheral regulators throughout organs can behave cooperatively or independently to modulate circadian rhythms. This systemic view of circadian rhythm modulation is important to understand behavior and disease, because dysregulated clocks are associated with metabolic syndrome and cancer.

Science
, this issue p.
eabd0951
The rising burden of penetrating knife injuries
Authors: Ajayi Bisola , Guthrie Hugo , Trompeter Alex , Tennent Duncan , Lui Darren F 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionKnife crime remains an area of public health concern. In order to tackle this problem and reduce its burden, the epidemiology of penetrating knife injuries needs to be understood. The aim of this study is to analyse the pattern of knife injuries at a major trauma centre (MTC) in London.MethodsAn analysis of cases from the prospectively collected Trauma Audit and Research Network database of patients attending the emergency department with violent intentional knife injuries from January 2014 to December 2018 was performed. Registry data were analysed for mechanism of injury, number of stabbings, month/date/time of admission, patient demographics, anatomical pattern of injury, hospital length of stay, intervention, ethnicity, repeat victims and fatality.Results1373 penetrating knife injuries activated the major trauma call representing 11.7% of all major trauma alerts. 44% occurred in the 16–25 years age group and 85.6% were male. 67.2% required hospital admission. 14.1% required surgery. 50.3% required intervention from multiple specialities. 39.4% had thoracic injuries and 25.8% abdominal injuries. Fatality rate was 0.9% (n=12). 3.6% were repeat victims. 26.8% were multiple stabbings. 5.2% were deliberate self-harm. 23.2% were of white ethnic background. Injury incidence peaked on a Saturday. A significant peak in injuries occurred between 22:00 and 00:00.ConclusionThis study shows an increase in the incidence of knife crime per year. These cases contribute approximately 12% of major trauma calls. Female assaults increased from 8.4% to 14.3%. Approximately 2/3 injuries occur in the thorax and abdomen with high frequencies at weekends and evenings. These facts can help allocate resources more efficiently.
COVID-19 detection by dogs: from physiology to field application—a review article
Authors: Sakr Rania , Ghsoub Cedra , Rbeiz Celine , Lattouf Vanessa , Riachy Rachelle , Haddad Chadia , Zoghbi Marouan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor years, the dog, man's best friend, was the most widely employed scent-detector tool for civilian and military purposes. Recently, many studies highlighted the role of canine olfactory ability in the medical field, specifically in detecting different infectious, metabolic and neoplastic conditions. The objective of this literature review is to clarify the rationale behind dog's ability to detect diseases, to assess the possible application for COVID-19 detection and to discuss the evidence available on the matter. Available evidence shows that properly trained disease-detector dogs are an efficient tool for identification of specific disease-associated volatile organic compounds marker profiles for a particular disease. And since COVID-19 positive persons have a specific volatilome different from non-infected persons, they can be recognised by the dogs, by sniffing different body fluids consequently aiding in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Possible applications of dogs as COVID-19 detectors will be an easy real-time mobile diagnostic aid with low cost and good performance. More evidence is needed to be able to describe standardised measures concerning the best fluid to test, testing procedure, time of possible detection according to disease evolution, risks associated with the dog exposure and to translate the good results in study setting into the real-life operational one.
Recent advances in the aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)
Authors: Wang Zihan , Cao Haibo , Xiong Jianqi , Lu Yilong , Deng Yixiao , Nan Han , Zheng Shutian , Ye Hui , Cao Zhensheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common disease of oral mucosa, which almost attacks each individual once in their lifespan. Although plenty of factors have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of RAS, the aetiology of RAS is still controversial, which might lead to limited clinical therapies in accordance with each RAS patient. This review mainly illustrates recent advances in potential causes associated with RAS in detail. Deeper comprehension of the aetiology of RAS will support doctors and researchers to make a better management of RAS patients and to discover new treatments. The aetiology of RAS is complicated, hence we should take a comprehensive view into its aetiology, with multiple potential factors being considered. Sample collection of RAS patients have greatly limited the progress in the aetiology of RAS. A research model of multiagency cooperation can help achieve perfect sample collection of year-round and multiposition.
Diagnostic block and radiofrequency ablation of the acromial branches of the lateral pectoral and suprascapular nerves for shoulder pain: a 3D cadaveric study
Authors: Tran John , Peng Philip , Agur Anne , Mittal Nimish 
Published: February 2021

Background and objectivesAcromial branches of the lateral pectoral and suprascapular nerves have been proposed as targets for diagnostic block and radiofrequency ablation to treat superior shoulder pain; however, the nerve capture rates of these procedures have not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to use dissection and 3D modeling technology to determine the course of these acromial branches, relative to anatomical landmarks, and to evaluate nerve capture rates using ultrasound-guided dye injection and lesion simulation.MethodsUltrasound-guided dye injections, targeting the superior surface of coracoid process and floor of supraspinous fossa, were performed (n=5). Furthermore, needles targeting the superior and posterior surfaces of the coracoid process were placed under ultrasound guidance to simulate needle electrode position (n=5). Specimens were dissected, digitized, and modeled to determine capture rates of acromial branches of lateral pectoral and suprascapular nerves.ResultsThe course of acromial branches of lateral pectoral and suprascapular nerves were documented. Dye spread capture rates: acromial branches of lateral pectoral and suprascapular nerves were captured in all specimens. Lesion simulation capture rates: (1) when targeting superior surface of coracoid process, the entire acromial branch of lateral pectoral nerve was captured in all specimens and (2) when targeting posterior surface of coracoid process, the acromioclavicular and bursal branches of acromial branch of suprascapular nerve were captured in all specimens; coracoclavicular branch was captured in 3/5 specimens.ConclusionsThis study supports the anatomical feasibility of ultrasound-guided targeting of the acromial branches of lateral pectoral and suprascapular nerves. Further clinical investigation is required.
Volunteer Brassica napus (L.) interference with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]: management thresholds, plant growth, and seed return
Authors: Gregoire Paul , Rosset Jonathan D. , Gulden Robert H. 
Published: February 2021

Canola (Brassica napus L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are currently two of the three most common crops grown in Manitoba, which comprises the eastern regions of the Canadian Prairies. Volunteer B. napus is a prominent weed in soybean in Manitoba and glyphosate-resistant (GR) volunteer B. napus often is the only weed remaining after in-crop weed control with glyphosate in soybean. Additive-series field experiments were established at three locations in Manitoba in 2012 and 2013 to study volunteer B. napus interference with soybean and develop action and economic thresholds for this weed. Soybean were planted in narrow (25 cm) or wide (75 cm) row spacing and glyphosate-resistant B. napus seed was broadcast at densities of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 seeds·m−2 at the time of soybean planting. Development of soybean and volunteer B. napus were determined throughout the growing season and seed yield of both species was determined at their respective physiological maturity. Volunteer B. napus is highly competitive with soybean, as action (<9 plants·m−2) and economic (<5 plants·m−2) thresholds were low. At these action thresholds, volunteer B. napus seed return to the weed seedbank was on average 14 400 seeds·m−2 and 10 400 seeds·m−2 in narrow- and wide-row soybean, respectively.
The multi-directional reach test in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Promsorn Sawika , Taweetanalarp Soontharee 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study investigated the limits of stability (LOS) and the movement patterns during reaching by applying the Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT) in children with Down syndrome (DS) aged 7–12 years old. Methods: Thirty children with DS and 30 age and gender typical development (TD) matched children, aged 7–12 years old were recruited. Each child was asked to reach as far as possible during standing in four directions using a self-selected movement pattern. The movement patterns were classified by two experienced pediatric physical therapists. Results: The reach distance in children with DS aged 7–9 years old was significantly shorter than TD children aged 7–9 years old for the forward and backward directions. Also, the reach distance in DS children aged 7–9 years old was significantly smaller than that of TD children aged 10–12 years old for all directions. For children with DS aged 10–12 years old, the reach distance was significantly less than that of TD children only in the backward direction. All children with DS in this study adopt a hip and mixed strategy during forward and backward reaching. In contrast, TD children adopt an adult-like movement pattern. Conclusion: The boundary of stability in an anteroposterior (AP) direction of children with DS aged 7–12 years old was lesser than the matched TD children, especially for the backward direction. These findings may assist therapists in detecting postural control and balance problems in children with DS.
Anticytomegalovirus CD4
+
T Cells Are Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Persons With HIV
Authors: Wanjalla Celestine N. , Mashayekhi Mona , Bailin Samuel , Gabriel Curtis L. , Meenderink Leslie M. , Temu Tecla , Fuller Daniella T. , Guo Liang , Kawai Kenji , Virmani Renu , Jenkins Cathy , Abana Chike O. , Warren Christian M. , Gangula Rama , Smith Rita , Madhur Meena S. , Finn Aloke V. , Gelbard Alexander H. , Su Yan Ru , Tyska Matthew J. , Kalams Spyros A. , Harrison David G. , Mallal Simon A. , Absi Tarek S. , Beckman Joshua A. , Koethe John R. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Persons with HIV have double the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. A persistent and heightened immune response to cytomegalovirus coinfection may be one contributing factor, but the relationship between cytomegalovirus replication, virus-specific immune cells, and plaque burden is unclear.

Approach and Results:

We assessed the relationship between CD4
+
T-cell subsets and carotid plaque burden in a cohort of 70 HIV-positive participants with sustained viral suppression on a single antiretroviral regimen and without known cardiovascular disease. We evaluated relationships between immune parameters, carotid plaque burden, and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. We found that participants with carotid plaque had increased circulating CX3CR1
+
~GPR56
+
~CD57
+
(ie, C~G~C)
+
CD4
+
T cells (
P
=0.03), which is a marker combination associated with antiviral and cytotoxic responses. In addition, a median of 14.4% (IQR, 4.7%–32.7%) of the C~G~C
+
CD4
+
T-cells expressed antigen receptors that recognized a single cytomegalovirus glycoprotein-B epitope. Using immunofluorescence staining, we found that CX3CR1
+
CD4
+
T cells were present in coronary plaque from deceased HIV-positive persons. C~G~C
+
CD4
+
T cells were also present in cells isolated from the aorta of HIV-negative donors.

Conclusions:

HIV-positive persons with carotid atheroma have a higher proportion of circulating CD4
+
T-cells expressing the C~G~C surface marker combination associated with antiviral and cytotoxic responses. These cells can be cytomegalovirus-specific and are also present in the aorta.
Greater Visual Working Memory Capacity for Visually Matched Stimuli When They Are Perceived as Meaningful
Authors: Asp Isabel E. , Störmer Viola S. , Brady Timothy F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Almost all models of visual working memory—the cognitive system that holds visual information in an active state—assume it has a fixed capacity: Some models propose a limit of three to four objects, where others propose there is a fixed pool of resources for each basic visual feature. Recent findings, however, suggest that memory performance is improved for real-world objects. What supports these increases in capacity? Here, we test whether the meaningfulness of a stimulus alone influences working memory capacity while controlling for visual complexity and directly assessing the active component of working memory using EEG. Participants remembered ambiguous stimuli that could either be perceived as a face or as meaningless shapes. Participants had higher performance and increased neural delay activity when the memory display consisted of more meaningful stimuli. Critically, by asking participants whether they perceived the stimuli as a face or not, we also show that these increases in visual working memory capacity and recruitment of additional neural resources are because of the subjective perception of the stimulus and thus cannot be driven by physical properties of the stimulus. Broadly, this suggests that the capacity for active storage in visual working memory is not fixed but that more meaningful stimuli recruit additional working memory resources, allowing them to be better remembered.
Conversational Disgust and Social Oppression
Authors: Tsai George 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, philosophers have begun to uncover the role played by verbal conduct in generating oppressive social structures. I examine the oppressive illocutionary uses, and perlocutionary effects, of expressives: speech acts that are not truth-apt, merely expressing attitudes, such as desires, preferences, and emotions. Focusing on expressions of disgust in conversation, I argue for two claims: (1) that expressions of disgust can activate in the local, conversational context the oppressive power of the underlying structures of oppression; (2) that conversational expressions of disgust can, via the pragmatic process of presupposition accommodation, contribute to morally problematic cases of disgust contagion.