bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunophenotypic challenges in diagnosis of CD79a negativity in a patient with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21: a case report
Authors: Berhili A. , Bensalah M. , ElMalki J. , Elyagoubi A. , Seddik R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Being expressed in all stages of B-cell development and having a significant value on the European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Acute Leukemias scoring system, CD79a is considered as an excellent pan-marker for lineage assignment of B cells by flow cytometry. Therefore, any lack or decrease in CD79a expression makes the diagnosis of B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases very challenging, especially in developing country laboratories where flow cytometry analyses are not always available and, when they are, they are limited in the number of markers used for lineage assignment. Since this case is potentially interesting, we report a B acute lymphoblastic leukemia case with a lack of expression CD79a associated with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 genetic abnormality. We further discuss the practical challenges in the diagnosis of this case.

Case presentation
We present the case of an 8-year-old Caucasian boy from eastern Morocco who was initially hospitalized for a hemorrhagic syndrome. Peripheral blood smear examination showed a significant number of blasts suggesting acute leukemia. Bone marrow was studied for morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, and cytogenetics. Flow cytometry analyses showed expression of CD19, CD22, CD10, CD34, and HLA-DR markers by leukemic blasts. The expression of CD79a, which was checked with two different monoclonal antibodies, confirms that this marker was severely decreased in this case. Cytogenetic study performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed the presence of intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21, a cytogenetic abnormality that is specific for B acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Conclusion
CD79a is one of the critical markers in the assignment of B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In our case, we were lucky enough to be assisted by a few other markers of the B lineage that were positive in this case. Also, we mention the importance of proceeding to cytogenetic study, which in our case helped us to confirm the diagnosis made by flow cytometry by highlighting a cytogenetic abnormality that is specific to B acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Factors associated with access to condoms and sources of condoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence has shown that the prescribed lockdown and physical distancing due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have made accessing essential health care services much more difficult in low-and middle-income countries. Access to contraception is an essential service and should not be denied, even in a global crisis, because of its associated health benefits. Therefore, it is important to maintain timely access to contraception without unnecessary barriers. Hence, this study examines the factors contributing to limited access to condoms and sources of condoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa.

Methods
This study used the National Income Dynamics Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM) wave 1 survey dataset. The NIDS-CRAM is a nationally representative survey of the National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) conducted via telephone interview during COVID-19 in the year 2020. This is the first secondary dataset on COVID-19 conducted by NIDS during pandemic. A total of 5304 respondents were included in the study. Data were analysed using frequencies distribution percentages, chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
Almost one-quarter (22.40%) of South Africans could not access condoms, and every 7 in 10 South Africans preferred public source of condoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those who were from other population groups [AOR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.19–0.74] and those who were in the third wealth quintile [AOR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.38–0.93] had lower odds of having access to condoms while those respondents who were aged 25–34 [AOR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.27–0.83] and those with a secondary level of education and above [AOR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.08–0.71] were less likely to prefer public source of condom.

Conclusions
This study concludes that there was limited access to condoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and that the preferred source of condoms was very skewed to public sources in South Africa. Strategic interventions such as community distribution of free condoms to avert obstruction of condom access during the COVID-19 pandemic or any future pandemics should be adopted.
Gut microbiota response to antibiotics is personalized and depends on baseline microbiota
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Ebadi Maryam , Rehman Tauseef Ur , Elhusseini Heba , Nalluri Harika , Kaiser Thomas , Holtan Shernan G. , Khoruts Alexander , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Staley Christopher 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The magnitude of microbiota perturbations after exposure to antibiotics varies among individuals. It has been suggested that the composition of pre-treatment microbiota underpins personalized responses to antibiotics. However, this hypothesis has not been directly tested in humans. In this high-throughput amplicon study, we analyzed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of 260 stool samples collected twice weekly from 39 patients with acute leukemia during their ~ 4 weeks of hospitalization for chemotherapy while they received multiple antibiotics.

Results
Despite heavy and sustained antibiotic pressure, microbial communities in samples from the same patient remained more similar to one another than to those from other patients. Principal component mixed effect regression using microbiota and granular antibiotic exposure data showed that microbiota departures from baseline depend on the composition of the pre-treatment microbiota. Penalized generalized estimating equations identified 6 taxa within pre-treatment microbiota that predicted the extent of antibiotic-induced perturbations.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that specific species in pre-treatment microbiota determine personalized microbiota responses to antibiotics in humans. Thus, precision interventions targeting pre-treatment microbiota may prevent antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and its adverse clinical consequences.
Mental health risk factors during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Prata Ribeiro Henrique , Ponte André , Raimundo Miguel , Reis Marques Tiago 
Published: October 2021

Background
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, distancing measures were enforced to reduce virus spread, which likely had an impact on the overall mental health of the population.

Aims
To investigate the prevalence of mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety and insomnia), and associated risk factors, during a physical distancing period imposed in the first wave of COVID-19.

Method
During the first month of Portugal's state of emergency, an online survey was created and disseminated through social media channels. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed via self-reported questionnaires. Univariate linear regressions were used to identify associations between the collected variables and mental health outcomes. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for clinical outcomes, with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results
We analysed data from 1626 participants: a significant proportion showed depression (30.2%), anxiety (53.1%) and insomnia (36.3%) symptoms. Multivariate regression models showed that being male and working from home were protective for all mental health outcomes analysed, whereas the perception of infection, being under psychiatric care and taking medication were risk factors (P < 0.05). Days in isolation and being unemployed were risk factors for depression and insomnia (P < 0.05). Younger age and being a student were risk factors for depression, whereas being a healthcare professional was protective (P < 0.05). Indirect contact with COVID-19 was a risk factor for anxiety (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
COVID-19-related distancing measures were associated with high levels of adverse mental health symptoms. Several risk factors were associated with these symptoms, which highlight the importance of identifying vulnerable groups during physical distancing periods.
Naïve Learning with Uninformed Agents
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Breza Emily , Chandrasekhar Arun G. , Mobius Markus 
Published: October 2021

The DeGroot model has emerged as a credible alternative to the standard Bayesian model for studying learning on networks, offering a natural way to model naïve learning in a complex setting. One unattractive aspect of this model is the assumption that the process starts with every node in the network having a signal. We study a natural extension of the DeGroot model that can deal with sparse initial signals. We show that an agent’s social influence in this generalized DeGroot model is essentially proportional to the degree-weighted share of uninformed nodes who will hear about an event for the first time via this agent. This characterization result then allows us to relate network geometry to information aggregation. We show information aggregation preserves “wisdom” in the sense that initial signals are weighed approximately equally in a model of network formation that captures the sparsity, clustering, and small-world properties of real-world networks. We also identify an example of a network structure where essentially only the signal of a single agent is aggregated, which helps us pinpoint a condition on the network structure necessary for almost full aggregation. Simulating the modeled learning process on a set of real-world networks, we find that there is on average 22.4 percent information loss in these networks. We also explore how correlation in the location of seeds can exacerbate aggregation failure. Simulations with real-world network data show that with clustered seeding, information loss climbs to 34.4 percent. (JEL D83, D85, Z13)
Radiation oncology teaching provision and practice prior to and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in medical schools in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Walls Gerard M , Houlihan Orla A , Mooney Ciaran , Prince Rebecca , Spencer Katie , Lyons Ciara , Cole Aidan J , McAleer James J , Jones Christopher Mark 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Radiotherapy is a key cancer treatment modality but is poorly understood by doctors. We sought to evaluate radiation oncology (RO) teaching in medical schools within the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (RoI), as well as any impacts on RO teaching delivery from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A bespoke online survey instrument was developed, piloted and distributed to oncology teaching leads at all UK and RoI medical schools. Questions were designed to capture information on the structure, format, content and faculty for RO teaching, as well as both the actual and the predicted short- and long-term impacts of COVID-19. Results: Responses were received from 29/41 (71%) UK and 5/6 (83%) RoI medical schools. Pre-clinical and clinical oncology teaching was delivered over a median of 2 weeks (IQR 1–6), although only 9 (27%) of 34 responding medical schools had a standalone RO module. RO teaching was most commonly delivered in clinics or wards (n = 26 and 25 respectively). Few medical schools provided teaching on the biological basis for radiotherapy (n = 11) or the RO career pathway (n = 8), and few provide teaching delivered by non-medical RO multidisciplinary team members. There was evidence of short- and long-term disruption to RO teaching from COVID-19. Conclusions: RO teaching in the UK and RoI is limited with minimal coverage of relevant theoretical principles and little exposure to radiotherapy departments and their non-medical team members. The COVID-19 pandemic risks exacerbating trainee doctors’ already constrained exposure to radiotherapy. Advances in knowledge: This study provides the first analysis of radiotherapy-related teaching in the UK and RoI, and the first to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiationoncology teaching.
Improving the data access control using blockchain for healthcare domain
Authors: Tahir Yinka Olaosebikan , Haw Su-Cheng , Yap Timothy Tzen Vun , Subramaniam Samini 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Unauthorized access to data is one of the most significant privacy issues that hinder most industries from adopting big data technologies. Even though specific processes and structures have been put in place to deal with access authorization and identity management for large databases nonetheless, the scalability criteria are far beyond the capabilities of traditional databases. Hence, most researchers are looking into other solutions, such as big data management. Methods: In this paper, we firstly study the strengths and weaknesses of implementing cryptography and blockchain for identity management and authorization control in big data, focusing on the healthcare domain. Subsequently, we propose a decentralized data access and sharing system that preserves privacy to ensure adequate data access management under the blockchain. In addition, we designed a blockchain framework to resolve the decentralized data access and sharing system privacy issues, by implementing a public key infrastructure model, which utilizes a signature cryptography algorithm (elliptic curve and signcryption). Lastly, we compared the proposed blockchain model to previous techniques to see how well it performed. Results: We evaluated the blockchain on four performance metrics which include throughput, latency, scalability, and security. The proposed blockchain model was tested using a sample of 5000 patients and 500,000 observations. The performance evaluation results further showed that the proposed model achieves higher throughput and lower latency compared to existing approaches when the workload varies up to 10,000 transactions. Discussion: This research reviews the importance of blockchains as they provide infinite possibilities to individuals, companies, and governments.
High body-mass index and mortality from cardiometabolic diseases in Peru: a comparative risk assessment analysis
Authors: Guzman-Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Vascones-Roman Fritz Fidel , Quispe-Villegas Gustavo A. , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. 
Published: October 2021

Background: High body-mass index (BMI) is a major contributor to the global burden of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to quantify the mortality burden associated with high BMI in Peru to inform policies and set priorities. Methods: We computed population attributable fractions (PAF) combining BMI prevalence estimates from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey and relative risks between high BMI and CMD mortality from the GBD 2019 Study. PAFs were multiplied by the CMD deaths recorded in the national death registry to obtain the absolute number of CMD deaths attributable to high BMI in each region, sex and five-year age group. Results: In 2018, the absolute number of T2DM deaths attributable to high BMI in Peru was 1,376 (50.3%) in men and 1,663 (56.0%) in women; the absolute number of CVD deaths related to high BMI was 1,665 in men (23.6%) and 1,551 (24.7%) in women. Most CMD deaths related to high BMI were attributable to obesity class 1 and overweight. Regions with the highest proportions of CMD deaths related to high BMI were in the Amazon (Madre de Dios, Ucayali) and the Coast (Tacna, Moquegua); conversely, regions with the lowest proportions were in the Highlands (Huancavelica, Apurimac). Conclusions: High BMI is a major contributor to the CMD mortality burden in Peru, with high variability across regions. Health policies need to be strengthened to reduce BMI at the population level, which may have a subsequent reduction in the associated CMD mortality.
КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ВНЕКОРНЕВЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ЯБЛОНЕВЫХ КУЛЬТУР МЕТОДАМИ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОГО ЗРЕНИЯ
Authors: Tereshchenko Sergei N. , Perov Artem A. , Osipov Alexander L. 
Published: October 2021

Цель. Разработка модели сверточной нейронной сети для определения внекорневых заболеваний яблонь по фотографиям листьев с мобильного телефона.
Методы и материалы исследования. Материалом для исследований послужили размеченные изображения с различными видами внекорневых заболеваний яблони, опубликованные в открытом доступе платформы Kaggle. Методы исследования: теория проектирования и разработки информационных систем, программирования, методы аугментации и расширения датасетов для задач компьютерного зрения, методы настройки гиперпараметров обучения моделей нейронной сети.
Результаты. Яблоня (Malus) – многолетняя древесная культура рода Malus. Яблоки – основная плодовая культура России. Яблоня как плодовая культура распространена почти во всех странах умеренного климата, а в России она выращивается повсеместно – от северных регионов до юга [3]. Заболевания яблонь является одной из главных причин снижения урожайности садов по всему миру. Для профилактики и раннего предупреждения распространения заболеваний яблонь необходим инструмент в виде модели нейронной сети, позволяющей определить наличия заболевания по фотографии со смартфона листьев яблони. В работе использовались методы глубинного обучения сверточных нейронных сетей, а также концепция «transfer learning». На базе сети EfficientNet была обучена нейронная сеть, позволяющая с точностью 0,9842 по метрике F1-score определять наличие некорневых заболеваний яблони по изображению листьев.
Заключение. Был подготовлен набор данных изображений листьев яблонь, включающий четыре класса, для эффективной классификации нейронной сетью. Два класса с признаками определенного заболевания яблони, один класс для наличия более одного заболевания и один класс для здоровых яблонь. Построена и обучена модель для решения задачи классификации по обнаружению болезни яблонь по изображениям листьев со смартфона.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ СУТОЧНОГО МОНИТОРИРОВАНИЯ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ У ЛИЦ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА С АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТОНИЕЙ РАНЕЕ ПРОЖИВАВШИХ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАПОЛЯРЬЯ
Authors: Yaskevich Roman A. , Moskalenko Olga L. 
Published: October 2021

Цель. Изучение особенностей показателей суточного мониторирования АД у лиц пожилого возраста с АГ, ранее проживавших в условиях Заполярья.
Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняло участие 267 пациентов пришлого населения (европеоидов) обоего пола с АГ, прибывших из Заполярья на постоянное место жительства в Центральную Сибирь. Доля обследуемых лиц пожилого возраста составила 50,9%. Суточное мониторирование АГ проводили с использованием аппарата BPLab МнСДП-2 («Петр Телегин», Россия).
Результаты. В ходе анализа полученных данных СМАД установлено, что для лиц, ранее проживавших в условиях Заполярья старших возрастных групп характерны более высокие среднесуточные, дневные и ночные уровни АД, повышение значений параметров индекса времени, наибольшее превышение нормативных величин скоростных показателей утренней динамики АД, а также наибольшие изменения суточного профиля АД за счет недостаточного снижения АД в ночные часы – «non-dipper».
Заключение. Среди бывших жителей Заполярья пожилого возраста, больных АГ, отмечаются более высокие значения большинства показателей суточного мониторирования АД и высокая частота суточного профиля «non-dipper», в сравнении с аналогичной группой больных проживающих в г. Красноярске.
КСАНТИНОКСИДОРЕДУКТАЗА: АКТИВНОСТЬ В КРОВИ ПРИ РЕВМАТОИДНОМ АРТРИТЕ
Authors: Mozgovaya Elena E. , Bedina Svetlana A. , Mamus Maria A. , Trofimenko Andrew S. , Spitsina Svetlana S. 
Published: October 2021

В патогенезе ревматоидного артрита (РА) наряду с иммунными нарушениями важное значение имеют изменения на метаболическом уровне.
Цель. Получение представлений об изменениях активности КОР в плазме крови и лизатах эритроцитов при РА.
Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 77 больных РА и 35 практически здоровых лиц.
Исследование проводилось с соблюдением этических принципов согласно Хельсинской Декларации Всемирной Медицинской Ассоциации.
Диагноз РА верифицирован в соответствии с критериями ACR/EULAR (2010 г.). Эритроциты выделяли из периферической крови в градиенте плотности. Их лизаты получали при трехкратном замораживании-оттаивании и центрифугировании. Активность оксидазной (КО) и дегидрогеназной (КДГ) форм ксантиноксидоредуктазы (КОР) определяли спектрофотометрически.
Статистическую обработку данных осуществляли с помощью программы STATISTICA 6.
Результаты. В плазме крови и лизатах эритроцитов больных РА выявлены изменения активности обеих форм КОР, зависящие от клинических проявлений. Для увеличения активности патологического процесса характерно прогрессирование снижения активности КДГ на фоне повышения активности КО в обеих средах. У больных с системными проявлениями заболевания в плазме крови выше активность обеих форм энзима, в лизатах эритроцитов – ниже активность КДГ и выше активность КО. Наиболее высокие значения активности оксидазной формы КОР соответствовали II и III рентгенологическим стадиям. Более высокий функциональный класс характеризовался более высокой активностью КО в плазме и эритроцитах и более низкой активностью КДГ в эритроцитах.
Заключение. При РА активность КОР реализуется в увеличении продукции активных форм кислорода и азота. Усиление процессов свободнорадикального окисления поддерживает хроническое воспаление и деструкцию в суставах, других органах и системах.
Inconsistent and incomplete retraction of published research: A cross-sectional study on Covid-19 retractions and recommendations to mitigate risks for research, policy and practice
Authors: Frampton Geoff , Woods Lois , Scott David Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Background
Retraction of published research can reduce the dissemination of incorrect or misleading information, but concerns have been raised about the clarity and rigor of the retraction process. Failure to clearly and consistently retract research has several risks, for example discredited or erroneous research may inform health research studies (e.g. clinical trials), policies and practices, potentially rendering these unreliable.

Objective
To investigate consistency and clarity of research retraction, based on a case study of retracted Covid-19 research.

Study design
A cross-sectional study of retracted Covid-19 articles reporting empirical research findings, based on searches of Medline, Embase and Scopus on 10th July and 19th December 2020.

Key results
We included 46 retracted Covid-19 articles. The number eligible for inclusion nearly doubled, from 26 to 46, in five months. Most articles (67%) were retracted from scientific journals and the remainder from preprint servers. Key findings: (1) reasons for retraction were not reported in 33% (15/46) of cases; (2) time from publication to retraction could not be determined in 43% (20/46) of cases; (3) More than half (59%) of retracted Covid-19 articles (27/46) remained available as original unmarked electronic documents after retraction (33% as full text and 26% as an abstract only). Sources of articles post-retraction were preprint servers, ResearchGate and, less commonly, websites including PubMed Central and the World Health Organization. A retracted journal article which controversially claimed a link between 5G technology and Covid-19 remains available in its original full text from at least 60 different websites.

Conclusions
The retraction process is inconsistent and often ambiguous, with more than half of retracted Covid-19 research articles remaining available, unmarked, from a wide range of online sources. There is an urgent need to improve guidance on the retraction process and to extend this to cover preprint servers. We provide structured recommendations to address these concerns and to reduce the risks that arise when retracted research is inappropriately cited.