bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of hydrate systems using a uniform reference state
Authors: Kvamme Bjørn , Zhao Jinzhou , Wei Na , Li Qingping , Saeidi Navid , Sun Wantong , Zarifi Mojdeh , Kuznetsova Tatiana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFormation of natural gas hydrates during processing and transport of natural gas has historically been a significant motivator for hydrate research. The last three decades have also seen the focus increasingly shifting towards CH4 hydrates as a potential energy source. And in the context of climate changes, the impact of hydrate‐related processes is coming more to the forefront as well. This interest is not only limited to leakage fluxes of CH4 from natural gas hydrates but also flux from conventional hydrocarbon systems entering the seafloor at temperature and pressure allowing for hydrate formation. Alternative ways to treat formally overdetermined hydrate systems is an important focus in this work. The most common method used for assessment of hydrate phase transitions involves several fitted parameters to calculate the free energy difference between liquid water and empty hydrate. This technique calls for an empirical fitting of fundamental thermodynamic properties. Numerical codes based on this method limit the models to hydrate formation only from free gas and liquid water. This is at least true for all commercial and academic codes that were examined prior to this work. This work addresses the advantages in using residual thermodynamics for all phases, including hydrates. In addition to making it possible to handle many alternative hydrate routes leading to hydrate formation or dissociation, the presented method also opens a way to calculate a variety of needed thermodynamic properties (e.g., enthalpies of pure components and mixtures) in a simple and consistent way. This approach will be illustrated through calculations of various hydrate phase transitions, examples of free energy calculations for comparison of phase stability, and calculation of enthalpies of hydrate formation. Calculated enthalpies are compared with experimental data as well as results derived from applying the Clapeyron equation. Mechanisms for conversions of in situ CH4 hydrate to facilitate safe CO2 storage are also discussed. A very simple Clapeyron‐based scheme for calculation of enthalpies for hydrate phase transitions is also proposed.
A review of Philippine rock art and its regional context
Authors: Jalandoni Andrea 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a complete overview of all the known rock art sites to demonstrate the variation in motifs and techniques used in the Philippines, outline the indigenous associations, and highlight issues for conservation. In addition, new findings are introduced that include a second rock art site in Alab and previously unnoticed styles of rock art in Peñablanca. In recent years, the study of Philippine rock art has also yielded valuable contributions for archaeology both in methods and theory. Recording the rock art in challenging contexts necessitated the development of several pioneering digital methods, some low‐cost, to see obfuscated rock art and expedite inventories that can be used worldwide. After reviewing the rock art in the Philippines, it is clear that the much‐debated Austronesian rock art theories do not apply to these sites. A comparison of similar motifs and their contexts found in Southeast Asia and Micronesia is a starting point for developing new rock art theories in the region.
Chondroradionecrosis of the trachea after definitive radiotherapy for cervical esophageal cancer: A case report
Authors: Kim Jina , Kim Sun Il , Lee Chang Geol , Chang Jee Suk , Kim Tae Hyung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChondroradionecrosis (CRN) is an infrequent phenomenon after definitive RT. The clinical manifestation is usually difficult to distinguish from that of tumor recurrence; however, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of CRN.
Budd‐Chiari syndrome on background of JAK2V617F mutation with no hematologic abnormalities
Authors: Bint I Bilal Ammara , Ata Fateen , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhenever considering idiopathic Budd‐Chiari syndrome, consider the possibility of JAK2 mutation even if clinical parameters are within normal range.
Caries Management by Risk Assessment vs. Traditional Preventive Strategies: Effect on Oral Health Behaviors and Caries Diagnoses: A Retrospective Case‐Control Observational Design
Authors: Kriegler Krista , Blue Christine M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResults showed patients who had undergone Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) had statistically significant lower plaque scores and improved their oral self‐care behaviors. This study supports existing evidence that the use of caries management by risk assessment appears to offer a preventive approach to oral health care delivery.
Uterine torsion with scoliosis
Authors: Kamijo Kyosuke , Kubota Fumika , Yoshioka Ikuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClinicians should consider uterine torsion as a differential diagnosis for acute abdominal pain in women with scoliosis. Scoliosis may have led to an abnormal pelvic structure, making it easier for pelvic organs to twist.
Fluorescence Microscopy Light Source Review
Authors: Ladouceur Anne‐Marie , Brown Claire M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTTraditional arc‐based light sources and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are described, and the pros and cons of these sources with respect to fluorescence microscopy are discussed. For multi‐color applications, arc‐based light sources offer white light ranging from the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared (IR), while LEDs come in a range of colors spanning the same wavelengths. The power of traditional arc‐based sources is controlled with neutral density (ND) filters, reducing power across the entire range of wavelengths, while LED‐based sources can be controlled directly by modulating current passing through the electronics. Similarly, arc‐based sources use physical shutters to control sample exposure to light in a range of tens to hundreds of milliseconds (ms), while LEDs can be turned ON/OFF electronically in <1 ms. The complexity of comparing and measuring light power on the sample, due to normalization of available light source spectra and complex power measurements, is discussed. The superiority of LEDs for stability of light power output is covered. Direct coupling of light sources to the microscope is more cost effective and leads to higher available light power. Various options for setting up multi‐color imaging, including high‐speed imaging with multiple LEDs and a triple cube, are described. A brief introduction to lasers, with suggested further reading, is included in this article. Finally, the smaller environmental footprint of LEDs relative to arc‐based light sources is highlighted. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 8 October 2021. See the end of the full text for details.
The pioneer effect advantage in plant invasions: site priming of native grasslands by invasive grasses
Authors: Fehmi Jeffrey S. , Rasmussen Craig , Arnold A. Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvaluating the mechanisms that drive plant invasions in grassland ecosystems can provide insight into subtle, yet critical, drivers of ecosystem function. Common hypotheses for invader success are that (1) an invader’s physiology may allow better use of resources and competitively exclude resident natives; (2) the lack of invader‐specific herbivores and diseases may result in increased growth and competitive advantage over natives; (3) invaders may bring pathogens or herbivores that negatively impact native plants directly; (4) the invader may be able to establish earlier or later than natives, giving it a priority effect or phenological niche separation; (5) the invader may produce more seeds, and propagule pressure may allow it to eventually dominate; and (6) once the invader occurs on a site, its plant detritus or litter can offer a legacy effect advantage. Yet, a widely neglected aspect of invasion is that invaders may prime the conditions in places other than where they are currently established, giving them a pioneer effect advantage. These pioneer effects can come from plant materials that move from invaded to uninvaded areas through three pathways—pollen, litter, seeds, and their associated microbiomes—each of which can favor the invader directly or indirectly. In turn, unsuccessful cohorts of seedlings can change the biotic community through root exudates as well as any biotic load they bring with them, along with taking up nutrients and potentially subverting the litter decay cycle. When seedlings of invaders occur at times when the native species have evolved not to germinate, site priming impacts may increase or accelerate. We propose that monitoring of uninvaded areas adjacent to invaded areas is needed to assess the emerging significance of pioneer effects and site priming in advancing plant invasions, especially in grassland systems worldwide.
The effect of curculigo orchioides (Xianmao) on kidney energy metabolism and the related mechanism in rats based on metabolomics
Authors: Chen Limei , Qu Baohua , Wang Hui , Liu Hongning , Guan Yongmei , Zhou Juanqing , Zhang Jiaqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Chinese materia medica Xianmao (XM) is widely used in Chinese clinics and the traditional Chinese medicine diets. Although XM is often used to study its kidney‐yang effect, the research on its effect on kidney energy metabolism and its mechanism is still relatively lacking. In this study, rats were given different doses of XM water extract for 4 weeks. Biochemical method was used to detect the content of serum biochemical indexes of liver and kidney function and blood lipid indicators, and HE staining method was used to observe the histopathological of liver and kidney in rats. The kidney Na+‐K+‐ATPase, Ca2+‐Mg2+‐ATPase, SDH (succinate dehydrogenase) enzyme activity, and the content of ATP in rats were measured. Metabolomics technology was used to analyze the potential biomarkers related to the effects of XM on kidney energy metabolism, and then, the metabolic pathways were analyzed. RT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of Ampk, Sirt1, Ppar‐α, and Pgc‐1α mRNA in kidney of rats. The results showed, compared with the blank control group, there was no significant effect on liver and kidney function in XMH, XMM, and XML groups. These significantly increased the kidney Na+‐K+‐ATPase, Ca2+‐Mg2+‐ATPase, SDH enzyme activity, and ATP content in XMH, XMM, and XML groups. Mitochondrial metabolic rate was inhibited in XMH group, but it was significantly increased in XMM and XML groups. The number of mitochondria was increased in XMH, XMM, and XML groups. Overall, these effects may be mediated by TCA cycle metabolism, butanoate metabolism, propanoate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, retinol metabolism, purine metabolism, pentose phosphate metabolism, aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, and degradation metabolism pathways, as well as by increasing expression of upstream genes Ampk, Sirt1, Ppar‐α, and Pgc‐1α mRNA.
Material Insecurity, Racial Capitalism, and Public Health
Authors: Taiwo Olufemi O. , Fehrenbacher Anne E. , Cooke Alexis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the influential 1995 article “Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease,” Bruce Link and Jo Phelan described social and political factors as “fundamental causes” of death and disease. Whitney Pirtle has recently declared racial capitalism another such fundamental cause. Using the case of the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, she has argued that racial capitalism's role in that situation meets each of the criteria Link and Phelan's article outlines: racial capitalism influenced multiple disease outcomes, affected disease outcomes through multiple risk factors, involved access to flexible resources that can be used to minimize both risks and the consequences of disease, and was reproduced over time through the continual replacement of intervening mechanisms. We argue for Pirtle's conclusion using the extensive literature on racial capitalism and case studies concerning housing in the United States and Brazil and what Naomi Klein has termed “corona capitalism” in India. If races correspond to hierarchies of material security, as suggested by Ruth Wilson Gilmore, then these hierarchies and their causal effects are fundamental determinants of public health.
The future of harmonisation of directors' duties in the European Union: The Preventive Restructuring Directive and group insolvencies
Authors: Kokorin Ilya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe European Union (EU) Preventive Restructuring Directive seeks to harmonise directors' duties with the goals of promoting early responses to financial distress and rescuing viable enterprises. However, due to the persistent differences in substantive laws and traditions of EU Member States – most notably concerning the recognition of group interest in company and insolvency law, general and imprecise wording of the Preventive Restructuring Directive and its insufficient attention to group insolvency, additional steps need to be taken to achieve these important goals. (i) This article maps the European debate on group interest, observes its emergence in bank resolution and points out the divergent approaches to its acceptance at the national level. (ii) It examines the recent work and recommendations of UNCITRAL on directors' obligations in the period approaching insolvency in enterprise groups, and (iii) critically analyses the approach of the Preventive Restructuring Directive. (iv) Finally, it discusses the alternative normative framework for further harmonisation of insolvency‐related directors' duties in the EU. It suggests that instead of focusing on the interests of all stakeholders, it is far better to encourage reasonable steps to preserve and maximise the value of the debtor company. This could include consideration of the wider group environment and group interest, which should not make debtor's creditors worse off (group‐mindful “no worse off” standard). It also endorses the adoption of guidelines and tools supporting the decision‐making process in a crisis situation, creating ex‐ante certainty and discouraging opportunistic behaviour.
Design of Fe‐Nx/Tungsten Carbide for Efficient Electrocatalyst Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media
Authors: Yang Qingxia , He Lijuan , Ke Chunyu , Zhong Jiaqiang , Yang Weihua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImproving the activity and stability of Fe/N/C catalyst in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a huge challenge in the commercial application of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the past decade, there have been significant break‐throughs in the performance of transition metal catalysts, but little progress has been made in their stability. Herein, a zinc‐based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐8) and tungsten carbide engaged strategy was reported to prepare Fe/N/C catalyst. Particularly, physical vapor deposition (PVD) was used to trap tungsten carbide nanoparticles with particle size of less than 3 nm limited into the FeNC catalytic micropores to synthesis composite catalyst (WC@FeNC). Compared with original Fe/N/C cata‐lysts, confined WC nanoparticles in Fe/N/C porous has improved the ORR activity (2.7 mA mg−1 vs. 2.2 mA mg−1 at 0.85 V vs. RHE) as well as stability (decay 18.7 mV vs. 21.6 mV after 10 h charged) in 0.1 M H2SO4. This work puts forward some unique insights for improving the stability of transition metal oxygen reduction catalysts.
Counteracting Enantiospecific Behavior of Tailor‐Made Additives During Chiral Symmetry Breaking: Growth Inhibition versus Solid‐Solution Formation
Authors: Baglai Iaroslav , van Dongen Sjoerd W. , Leeman Michel , Kellogg Richard M. , Kaptein Bernard , Noorduin Willem L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAll biological systems are composed of molecules of a single chirality. Although many different scenarios can lead to chiral symmetry breaking, the transmission of the absolute configuration of one compound to another one remains challenging. We here demonstrate that during crystallization‐induced chiral symmetry breaking by Viedma ripening, a cascade of different and counteracting processes can occur: solid‐solution formation and dissolution inhibition favor symmetry breaking towards the same absolute configuration, while enantioselective growth inhibition favors symmetry breaking towards the opposite absolute configuration. These insights offer a new playground for controlling symmetry breaking processes that are of fundamental and practical importance.
Acridine derivatives as inhibitors/poisons of topoisomerase II
Authors: Kozurkova Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe potential of acridines (amsacrine) as a topoisomerase II inhibitor or poison was first discovered in 1984, and since then, a considerable number of acridine derivatives have been tested as topoisomerase inhibitors/poisons, containing different substituents on the acridine chromophore. This review will discuss a series of studies published over the course of the last decade, which have investigated various novel acridine derivatives against topoisomerase II activity.
The role of stem cell‐derived exosomes in the repair of cutaneous and bone tissue
Authors: Girón Juliana , Maurmann Natasha , Pranke Patricia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, which play important roles in physiological processes. In particular, stem cell‐derived exosomes have been shown to play crucial functions in intercellular communication during the tissue healing process. This review summarizes the effects of exosomes derived from different stem cell sources on the repair of cutaneous and bone tissue, focusing on the different pathways that could be involved in the regeneration process. The biogenesis, isolation, and content of exosomes have also been discussed. The effectiveness of exosomes is broadly demonstrated for skin and bone regeneration in animal models, supporting the basis for clinical translation of exosomes as a ready‐to‐use cell‐free therapeutic for skin and bone regeneration.
Molecular mechanisms involved in DNA repair in human cancers: An overview of PI3k/Akt signaling and PIKKs crosstalk
Authors: Alemi Forough , Raei sadigh Aydin , Malakoti Faezeh , Elhaei Yusuf , Ghaffari Seyed Hamed , Maleki Masomeh , Asemi Zatollah , Yousefi Bahman , Targhazeh Niloufar , Majidinia Maryam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe cellular genome is frequently subjected to abundant endogenous and exogenous factors that induce DNA damage. Most of the Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐related kinases (PIKKs) family members are activated in response to DNA damage and are the most important DNA damage response (DDR) proteins. The DDR system protects the cells against the wrecking effects of these genotoxicants and repairs the DNA damage caused by them. If the DNA damage is severe, such as when DNA is the goal of chemo‐radiotherapy, the DDR drives cells toward cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Some intracellular pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, which is overactivated in most cancers, could stimulate the DDR process and failure of chemo‐radiotherapy with the increasing repair of damaged DNA. This signaling pathway induces DNA repair through the regulation of proteins that are involved in DDR like BRCA1, HMGB1, and P53. In this review, we will focus on the crosstalk of the PI3K/Akt and PIKKs involved in DDR and then discuss current achievements in the sensitization of cancer cells to chemo‐radiotherapy by PI3K/Akt inhibitors.
Critical analysis of explanations for cellular homeostasis and electrophysiology from murburn perspective
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali , Tamagawa Hirohisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPursuits in modern cellular electrophysiology are fraught with disagreements at a fundamental level. While the membrane theory of homeostasis deems the cell membrane and proteins embedded therein as the chief players, the association‐induction (or sorption/bulk‐phase) hypothesis considers the aqueous phase of dissolved proteins (cytoplasm/protoplasm) as the key determinant of cellular composition and ionic fluxes. In the first school of thought, trans‐membrane potential (TMP) and selective ion pumps/channels are deemed as key operative principles. In the latter theory, sorption‐desorption dynamics and rearrangements of bulk phase determine the outcomes. In both these schools of thought, theorists believe that the macroscopic phase electroneutrality holds, TMP (whether in resting or in activated state) results solely due to ionic concentration differentials across the membrane, and the concerned proteins undergo major conformation changes to affect/effect the noted outcomes. The new entry into the field, murburn concept, builds starting from molecular considerations to macroscopic observations. It moots “effective charge separation” and intricate “molecule‐ion‐radical” electron transfer equilibriums as a rationale for ionic concentration differentials and TMP variation. After making an unbiased appraisal of the two classical schools of thought, the review makes a point‐wise analysis of some hitherto unresolved observations/considerations and suggests the need to rethink the mechanistic perspectives.
Differentially expressed miRNAs in bone after methotrexate treatment
Authors: Zhang Yali , Liu Liang , Pillman Katherine A , Hayball John , Su Yu‐Wen , Xian Cory J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that administration of antimetabolite methotrexate (MTX) caused a reduced trabecular bone volume and increased marrow adiposity (bone/fat switch), for which the underlying molecular mechanisms and recovery potential are unclear. Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to be associated with dysregulation of osteogenic and/or adipogenic differentiation by disrupting target gene expression. First, the current study confirmed the bone/fat switch following MTX treatment in precursor cell culture models in vitro. Then, using a rat intensive 5‐once daily MTX treatment model, this study aimed to identify miRNAs associated with bone damage and recovery (in a time course over Days 3, 6, 9, and 14 after the first MTX treatment). RNA isolated from bone samples of treated and control rats were subjected to miRNA array and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction validation, which identified five upregulated miRNA candidates, namely, miR‐155‐5p, miR‐154‐5p, miR‐344g, miR‐6215, and miR‐6315. Target genes of these miRNAs were predicted using TargetScan and miRDB. Then, the protein‐protein network was established via STRING database, after which the miRNA‐key messenger RNA (mRNA) network was constructed by Cytoscape. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses for miR‐6315 were performed by DAVID database. We found that TGF‐β signaling was the most significantly enriched pathway and subsequent dual‐luciferase assays suggested that Smad2 was the direct target of miR‐6315. Our current study showed that miR‐6315 might be a vital regulator involved in bone and marrow fat formation. Also, this study constructed a comprehensive miRNA–mRNA regulatory network, which may contribute to the pathogenesis/prognosis of MTX‐associated bone loss and bone marrow adiposity.