bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modularity affects the robustness of scale-free model and real-world social networks under betweenness and degree-based node attack
Authors: Nguyen Quang , Vu Tuan V. , Dinh Hanh-Duyen , Cassi Davide , Scotognella Francesco , Alfieri Roberto , Bellingeri Michele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we investigate how the modularity of model and real-world social networks affect their robustness and the efficacy of node attack (removal) strategies based on node degree (ID) and node betweenness (IB). We build Barabasi–Albert model networks with different modularity by a new ad hoc algorithm that rewire links forming networks with community structure. We traced the network robustness using the largest connected component (LCC). We find that when model networks present absent or low modular structure ID strategy is more effective than IB to decrease the LCC. Conversely, in the case the model network present higher modularity, the IB strategy becomes the most effective to fragment the LCC. In addition, networks with higher modularity present a signature of a 1st order percolation transition and a decrease of the LCC with one or several abrupt changes when nodes are removed, for both strategies; differently, networks with non-modular structure or low modularity show a 2nd order percolation transition networks when nodes are removed. Last, we investigated how the modularity of the network structure evaluated by the modularity indicator (Q) affect the network robustness and the efficacy of the attack strategies in 12 real-world social networks. We found that the modularity Q is negatively correlated with the robustness of the real-world social networks for both the node attack strategies, especially for the IB strategy (p-value < 0.001). This result indicates how real-world networks with higher modularity (i.e. with higher community structure) may be more fragile to node attack. The results presented in this paper unveil the role of modularity and community structure for the robustness of networks and may be useful to select the best node attack strategies in network.
Eingreifende Hermeneutik. Zum Wert hermeneutischen Wissens und Könnens in deutschdidaktischer Hinsicht
Authors: Nacarlı Diana , Landgraf Julia , Kilian Jörg 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag zeigt die Aktualität der Hermeneutik durch ihre Potenziale für einen inklusiven Deutschunterricht. Insbesondere durch das produktive Nicht-Verstehen und die Reflexion (zukünftiger) Lehrender über Verstehensprozesse kann das Potenzial der Hermeneutik deutschdidaktisch genutzt werden.
You Only Get One Brain: Adult Reflections on the Long-Term Impacts of Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescence
Authors: Mulligan Therese , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Gibson Kerry , Jones Kelly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:This research adds to scarce literature regarding adolescent experiences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Retrospective accounts of young adults who had sustained a TBI in adolescence were analysed to explore the perceived impact this had on their lives and forming identities during this important developmental stage.Methods:Thirteen adults (aged 20–25 years; mean 23 years) who sustained a mild or moderate TBI during adolescence (i.e. aged 13–17 years at injury), approximately 7.7 years (range = 6.7–8.0 years) prior, participated in the research. Semi-structured individual interviews, analysed using thematic analysis, explored participants’ experiences following their TBIs.Results:Thematic analysis of interview data produced two categories of themes: (1) Impacts on Important Areas of Life, which included: schoolwork suffered, career opportunities became limited, struggling with work and missing out socially; and (2) Impacts on Identity: with themes including feeling ‘stupid’, feeling self-conscious, loss of social identity and being dependent.Conclusions:TBI sustained during adolescence can have broad impacts on important areas of life and on developing identity.
Enhancement of pre-pulse and picosecond pedestal contrast of the petawatt J-KAREN-P laser
Authors: Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Miyasaka Yasuhiro , Kon Akira , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Sagisaka Akito , Sasao Hajime , Pirozhkov Alexander S. , Fukuda Yuji , Ogura Koichi , Kondo Kotaro , Dover Nicholas P. , Kando Masaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have experimentally improved the temporal contrast of the petawatt J-KAREN-P laser facility. We have investigated how the generation of pre-pulses by post-pulses changes due to the temporal overlap between the stretched pulse and the post-pulse in a chirped-pulse amplification system. We have shown that the time at which the pre-pulse is generated by the post-pulse and its shape are related to the time difference between the stretched main pulse and the post-pulse. With this investigation, we have found and identified the origins of the pre-pulses and have demonstrated the removal of most pre-pulses by eliminating the post-pulse with wedged optics. We have also demonstrated the impact of stretcher optics on the picosecond pedestal. We have realized orders of magnitude enhancement of the pedestal by improving the optical quality of a key component in the stretcher.
Symptom monitoring after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in a large integrated healthcare system: Separating symptoms from severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
Authors: Shenoy Erica S. , Wickner Paige G. , West Lauren R. , Banerji Aleena , Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Centi Amanda J. , Gottlieb Andrew , Hashimoto Dean M. , Kim Esther , Kim Marvel , Lee Hang , Simpson Lynn A. , Landman Adam B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To describe the incidence of systemic overlap and typical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms in healthcare personnel (HCP) following COVID-19 vaccination and association of reported symptoms with diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the context of public health recommendations regarding work exclusion.Design:This prospective cohort study was conducted between December 16, 2020, and March 14, 2021, with HCP who had received at least 1 dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.Setting:Large healthcare system in New England.Interventions:HCP were prompted to complete a symptom survey for 3 days after each vaccination. Reported symptoms generated automated guidance regarding symptom management, SARS-CoV-2 testing requirements, and work restrictions. Overlap symptoms (ie, fever, fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, or headache) were categorized as either lower or higher severity. Typical COVID-19 symptoms included sore throat, cough, nasal congestion or rhinorrhea, shortness of breath, ageusia and anosmia.Results:Among 64,187 HCP, a postvaccination electronic survey had response rates of 83% after dose 1 and 77% after dose 2. Report of ≥3 lower-severity overlap symptoms, ≥1 higher-severity overlap symptoms, or at least 1 typical COVID-19 symptom after dose 1 was associated with increased likelihood of testing positive. HCP with prior COVID-19 infection were significantly more likely to report severe overlap symptoms after dose 1.Conclusions:Reported overlap symptoms were common; however, only report of ≥3 low-severity overlap symptoms, at least 1 higher-severity overlap symptom, or any typical COVID-19 symptom were associated with infection. Work-related restrictions for overlap symptoms should be reconsidered.
IS JAPAN BACK? MEASURING NATIONALISM AND MILITARY ASSERTIVENESS IN ASIA'S OTHER GREAT POWER
Authors: Lind Jennifer , Ueki Chikako Kawakatsu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObservers of East Asia frequently claim that Japanese nationalism is on the rise, and that Tokyo is abandoning its longtime military restraint. To determine whether these trends are indeed occurring, we define and measure Japan's nationalism and military assertiveness; we measure whether they are rising relative to Japan in the past, and relative to seven other countries.Drawing from social identity theory, we distinguish between “nationalism” and a more benign “patriotism.” We find in Japan (1) strong patriotism that is stable over time, and no evidence of rising nationalism. Furthermore we find that (2) military assertiveness remains generally low, but it has risen in terms of decreased institutional constraints and peacekeeping activities. Our findings have important implications for academic debates about nationalism and Japanese security policy, and for policy debates about a nascent balancing effort against China.
The first described fossil Oedemeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Baltic amber
Authors: Szawaryn Karol , Sontag Elżbieta , Kubisz Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMolecular dating estimates the appearance of the family Oedemeridae in the Early Cretaceous. Several fossil representatives are known from Spanish (105 Ma) and Myanmar (99 Ma) ambers. The family also has been mentioned by several authors to occur in Eocene Baltic amber, but virtually no species was described until now. Here, we provide a description of the first fossil oedemerid species from Eocene Baltic amber, which is classified within subfamily Oedemerinae, in the extant genusOedemeraOlivier asOedemera(s. str.)girulskiin. sp. The presence of appendiculate pretarsal claws and relatively large eyes separate the new species from its extant congeners.UUID:http://zoobank.org/24b0b919-8684-4908-b002-9521b071dcc8.
Point-of-care Hb measurement in pooled capillary blood by a portable autoanalyser: comparison with venous blood Hb measured by reference methods in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
Authors: Dasi Teena , Palika Ravindranadh , Pullakhandam Raghu , Augustine Little Flower , Boiroju Naveen Kumar , Prasannanavar Devraj J. , Pradhan Anju Sinha , Kurpad Anura V. , Sachdev Harshpal Singh , Kulkarni Bharati 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPopulation-based surveys commonly use point-of-care (POC) methods with capillary blood samples for estimating Hb concentrations; these estimates need to be validated by comparison with reference methods using venous blood. In a cross-sectional study in 748 participants (17–86 years, 708 women, Hb: 5·1 to 18·2 g/dl) from Hyderabad, India, we validated Hb measured from a pooled capillary blood sample by a POC autoanalyser (Horiba ABX Micros 60OT,Hb-C-AA) by comparison with venous blood Hb measured by two reference methods: POC autoanalyser (Hb-V-AA) and cyanmethemoglobin method (Hb-V-CM). These comparisons also allowed estimation of blood sample-related and equipment-related differences in the Hb estimates. We also conducted a longitudinal study in 426 participants (17–21 years) to measure differences in the Hb response to iron folate (IFA) treatment by the capillary blood POC method compared with the reference methods. In the cross-sectional study, Bland–Altman analyses showed trivial differences between source of blood (Hb-C-AAandHb-V-AA; mean difference, limits of agreement: 0·1, −0·8 to 1·0 g/dl) and between analytical methods (Hb-V-AAandHb-V-CM; mean difference, limits of agreement: < 0·1, −1·8 to 1·8 g/dl). Cross-sectional anaemia prevalence estimated usingHb-C-AAdid not differ significantly fromHb-V-CMorHb-V-AA. In the longitudinal study, the Hb increment in response to IFA intervention was not different when usingHb-C-AA(1·6 ± 1·7 g/dl) compared withHb-V-AA(1·7 ± 1·7 g/dl) andHb-V-CM(1·7 ± 1·7 g/dl). The pooled capillary blood–autoanalyzer method (Hb-C-AA) offers a practical and accurate way forward for POC screening of anaemia.
CAN FIGURES PERSUADE? ZEUGMA AS A FIGURE OF PERSUASION IN LATIN
Authors: Short William Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUse of rhetorical figures has been an element of persuasive speech at least since Gorgias of Leontini, for whom such deliberate deviations from ordinary literal language were a defining feature of what he called the ‘psychagogic art’. But must we consider figures of speech limited to an ornamental and merely stylistic function, as some ancient and still many modern theorists suggest? Not according to contemporary cognitive rhetoric, which proposes that figures of speech can play a fundamentally argumentative role in speech by evoking a level of shared meaning between speaker and listener, and simultaneously by affording the possibility of reorganizing this common ground. This paper argues that, in Latin literature, zeugma—the ‘linking together’ of two elements (usually nouns or prepositional phrases) with a third (usually a verb) that is semantically compatible with only one of them—can and very often does operate argumentatively, and that it does so by surfacing figurative relationships that normally remain below the conscious awareness of Latin speakers and by imparting a certain structure to these relationships. What very often motivates the selection of elements within zeugma—and what makes zeugma more than simply a stylistic device—are in fact metaphorical structures that are highly conventionalized in Latin's semantic system. In tapping into symbolic associations that are deeply entrenched in the language and thought of Latin speakers, zeugma therefore provided a ready-made device for constructing arguments in context.
Discussion of ‘Reply to “Uppermost Cambrian carbon chemostratigraphy: the HERB and undocumented TOCE events are not synonymous”’
Authors: Landing ED , Ripperdan Robert L. , Geyer Gerd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNo basis for controversy exists in the naming of a global, strongly negative, uppermost Cambrian carbon isotope (δ13C) excursion. The HERB Event (HERB) has met the standards for chemostratigraphic units (i.e. consistent biostratigraphic brackets, content and concept) since 1992. By comparison, the TOCE excursion morphed through four temporally distinct δ13C events with spike-like nadirs that shifted temporally through the uppermost Cambrian until its synonymization with HERB (2006–12). In 2018, TOCE became a prolonged interval with very early onset and enveloped HERB – meaning five TOCE homonyms have been unambiguously defined and figured. HERB lies in the high-diversity ptychaspid biomere (trilobites) and below the ptychaspid extinction. But, data on it were used in TOCE’s 2006 proposal and in later iterations (2008, 2012) to show it (1) higher, both at and above the ptychaspid extinction; (2) at the level of HERB (2012, 2018); and (3) even extending well below HERB (2018). TOCE fails the recommendations for a formal chemostratigraphic unit. Its relationship to latest Cambrian biotic turnover includes equation with extinction and high-diversity intervals. One TOCE homonym is a synonym, albeit junior, of HERB.
The rate and pattern of otic epithelial migration: systematic review
Authors: Saniasiaya J , Prepageran N 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpithelial migration has been associated with the self-cleansing mechanism of the ear. The rate and pattern of epithelial migration in healthy and pathological ears are reviewed.MethodsTwo authors independently screened articles over one month using the following search terms: epithelial migration, epithelial, tympanic membrane, external auditory canal and mastoidectomy cavity.ResultsTen studies were included. The fastest rate of epithelial migration was observed in the external auditory canal, with a mean of 144.75 μm per day, whereas the slowest epithelial migration was seen in post-mastoidectomy cavities, with a rate of 20 μm per day. Epithelial migration was present in both studies involving post-mastoidectomy cavities.ConclusionEpithelial migration is faster in healthy tympanic membrane than in pathological tympanic membrane. The rate of epithelial migration in the external auditory canal was higher in the pathological group than in the healthy group. Epithelial migration is present in post-mastoidectomy cavities.
Probable extirpation of the hog deer from China: implications for conservation
Authors: Ding Chenchen , Liu Jie , Li Chunwang , Jiang Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe hog deer Axis porcinus formerly occurred in south-west China but has not been recorded there since 1965. To investigate the current status of the species in China, we conducted interviews, and transect and camera-trap surveys during October 2018–June 2020 to search for signs of hog deer across its historical range in the country. We interviewed 50 local inhabitants and surveyed 14 line transects in four counties of Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The camera traps were deployed in Nangunhe Nature Reserve (39.4 km of transects, 82 camera stations, 15,120 camera days) and Daxueshan Nature Reserve (41.1 km of transects, 68 camera stations, 13,554 camera days). We found no hog deer tracks and no hog deer were trapped by cameras. The floodplain grasslands preferred by hog deer along Nanting River have been transformed into agriculture plantations and human settlements. Our findings suggest that hog deer may have been extirpated from China, most likely as a result of habitat loss and overhunting. The conservation priorities for this species in China are the establishment of a protected area in the Nanting River watershed, restoration of habitat and reintroduction of individuals from range countries.
EXPLORING CROSSLINGUISTIC INFLUENCE IN GENDER MARKING IN SPANISH
Authors: Gudmestad Aarnes , Edmonds Amanda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we examined the role of first-language (L1) influence on the additional-language development of grammatical gender marking in Spanish. The participants were L1 speakers of English or French (N = 215), who were learning Spanish and who were at three instructional levels. The data came from their use of gender marking in noun-modifier pairs in an argumentative essay. We adopted the unified methodological framework developed by Scott Jarvis and we applied insights from variationist second language acquisition to contribute to the discussion about whether learners’ L1 impacts variability in targetlike gender marking in additional-language Spanish. Specifically, we designed our study to investigate four types of evidence that Jarvis identified (intragroup homogeneity, intergroup heterogeneity, cross-language congruity, and intralingual contrasts), and we used variationist methods to account for other factors that are known to impact variable use of gender marking. The quantitative analyses supported each type of evidence, consequently demonstrating that these learners’ L1 influenced their variable use of gender marking in Spanish. We concluded by reflecting on the contributions that the current study has made to the understanding of gender marking in additional-language Spanish and to research on L1 influence more generally.
RNA-extraction-free diagnostic method to detect SARS-CoV-2: an assessment from two states, India
Authors: Jayaprakasam Madhumathi , Aggarwal Sumit , Mane Arati , Saxena Vandana , Rao Amrita , Bandopadhyay Bhaswati , Chakraborty Banya , Guha Subhasish Kamal , Taraphdar Mekhala , Acharya Alisha , Gupta Bishal , Deb Sonia , Chowdhury Aparna , Singh Kh Jitenkumar , Tapase Prashant , Pandey Ravindra M. , Bhargava Balram , Panda Samiran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith increasing demand for large numbers of testing during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, alternative protocols were developed with shortened turn-around time. We evaluated the performance of such a protocol wherein 1138 consecutive clinic attendees were enrolled; 584 and 554 respectively from two independent study sites in the cities of Pune and Kolkata. Paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested by using both reference and index methods in a blinded fashion. Prior to conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction, swabs collected in viral transport medium (VTM) were processed for RNA extraction (reference method) and swabs collected in a dry tube without VTM were incubated in Tris–EDTA–proteinase K buffer for 30 min and heat-inactivated at 98 °C for 6 min (index method). Overall sensitivity and specificity of the index method were 78.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71–86) and 99% (95% CI 98–99.6), respectively. Agreement between the index and reference method was 96.8% (k= 0.83,s.e.= 0.03). The reference method exhibited an enhanced detection of viral genes (E, N and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) with lower Ct values compared to the index method. The index method can be used for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 infection with an appropriately chosen primer–probe set and heat treatment approach in pressing time; low sensitivity constrains its potential wider use.
Taming the Merge Operator
Authors: HUANG XUEJING , ZHAO JINXU , OLIVEIRA BRUNO C. D. S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Calculi with disjoint intersection types support a symmetric merge operator with subtyping. The merge operator generalizes record concatenation to any type, enabling expressive forms of object composition, and simple solutions to hard modularity problems. Unfortunately, recent calculi with disjoint intersection types and the merge operator lack a (direct) operational semantics with expected properties such as determinism and subject reduction, and only account for terminating programs. This paper proposes a type-directed operational semantics (TDOS) for calculi with intersection types and a merge operator. We study two variants of calculi in the literature. The first calculus, called λ
i
, is a variant of a calculus presented by Oliveira et al. (2016) and closely related to another calculus by Dunfield (2014). Although Dunfield proposes a direct small-step semantics for her calculus, her semantics lacks both determinism and subject reduction. Using our TDOS, we obtain a direct semantics for λ
i
that has both properties. The second calculus, called λ
i

+
, employs the well-known subtyping relation of Barendregt, Coppo and Dezani-Ciancaglini (BCD). Therefore, λ
i

+
extends the more basic subtyping relation of λ
i
, and also adds support for record types and nested composition (which enables recursive composition of merged components). To fully obtain determinism, both λ
i
and λ
i

+
employ a disjointness restriction proposed in the original λ
i
calculus. As an added benefit the TDOS approach deals with recursion in a straightforward way, unlike previous calculi with disjoint intersection types where recursion is problematic. We relate the static and dynamic semantics of λ
i
to the original version of the calculus and the calculus by Dunfield. Furthermore, for λ
i

+
, we show a novel formulation of BCD subtyping, which is algorithmic, has a very simple proof of transitivity and allows for the modular addition of distributivity rules (i.e. without affecting other rules of subtyping). All results have been fully formalized in the Coq theorem prover.