bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of exploration, motor coordination and amphetamine sensitization by cannabinoid CB1 receptors expressed in medium spiny neurons
Authors: Bonm Alipi V. , Elezgarai Izaskun , Gremel Christina M. , Viray Katie , Bamford Nigel S. , Palmiter Richard D. , Grandes Pedro , Lovinger David M. , Stella Nephi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActivation of cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1R) modulates multiple behaviours, including exploration, motor coordination and response to psychostimulants. It is known that CB1R expressed by either excitatory or inhibitory neurons mediates different behavioural responses to CB1R activation, yet the involvement of CB1R expressed by medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the neuronal subpopulation that expresses the highest level of CB1R in the CNS, remains unknown. We report a new genetically modified mouse line that expresses functional CB1R in MSN on a CB1R knockout (KO) background (CB1R(MSN) mice). The absence of cannabimimetic responses measured in CB1R KO mice was not rescued in CB1R(MSN) mice, nor was decreased spontaneous locomotion, impaired instrumental behaviour or reduced amphetamine‐triggered hyperlocomotion measured in CB1R KO mice. Significantly, reduced novel environment exploration of an open field and absence of amphetamine sensitization (AS) measured in CB1R KO mice were fully rescued in CB1R(MSN) mice. Impaired motor coordination in CB1R KO mice measured on the Rotarod was partially rescued in CB1R(MSN) mice. Thus, CB1R expressed by MSN control exploration, motor coordination, and AS. Our study demonstrates a new functional roles for cell specific CB1R expression and their causal link in the control of specific behaviors.
Venous creatinine as a biomarker for loss of fat‐free mass and disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Holdom Cory J. , Janse van Mantgem Mark R. , van Eijk Ruben P. A. , Howe Stephanie L. , van den Berg Leonard H. , McCombe Pamela A. , Henderson Robert D. , Ngo Shyuan T. , Steyn Frederik J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeTo establish the utility of venous creatinine as a biomarker to monitor loss of fat‐free mass in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsIn this multicenter natural history study, body composition and venous creatinine were assessed in 107 patients with ALS and 52 healthy controls. Longitudinal patterns of venous creatinine and its association with the risk of death during follow‐up were determined in a cohort of patients with ALS from Australia (n = 69) and the Netherlands (n = 38).ResultsThe mean levels of venous creatinine were 75.78 ± 11.15 μmol/L for controls, 70.25 ± 12.81 μmol/L for Australian patients, and 59.95 ± 14.62 μmol/L for Dutch patients with ALS. The relationship between measures of venous creatinine and fat‐free mass was similar between all groups (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). Within patients, fat‐free mass declined by 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22–0.40) kg/month, and venous creatinine declined by 0.52 (95% CI: 0.38–0.66) μmol/L/month, with a longitudinal correlation of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.35–0.76, p < 0.001). Lower levels of venous creatinine were associated with increased risk for earlier death in patients with ALS (hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98, p = 0.007).ConclusionsVenous creatinine is decreased in ALS and declines alongside a decline in fat‐free mass over the course of the disease, and may serve as a practical marker to monitor the change of fat‐free mass in patients with ALS. This could inform clinical care and provide an alternative endpoint for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions that focus on slowing the loss of fat‐free mass and disease progression in ALS.
aMAP score prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and incidence‐free rate after a sustained virologic response in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Yamashita Yuki , Joshita Satoru , Sugiura Ayumi , Yamazaki Tomoo , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Wakabayashi Shun‐ichi , Yamada Yosuke , Shibata Soichiro , Kunimoto Hideo , Iwadare Takanobu , Matsumura Makiko , Miyabayashi Chiharu , Okumura Taiki , Ozawa Sachie , Nozawa Yuichi , Kobayashi Natsuko , Komatsu Michiharu , Fujimori Naoyuki , Saito Hiromi , Umemura Takeji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can still occur in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients who have achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR), which remains an important clinical issue in the direct‐acting antivirals era. The current study investigated the clinical utility of the aMAP score (consisting of age, male, albumin–bilirubin, and platelets) for predicting HCC occurrence in HCV patients achieving an SVR by direct‐acting antivirals.MethodsA total of 1113 HCV patients without HCC history, all of whom achieved an SVR, were enrolled for clinical comparisons.ResultsHepatocellular carcinoma was recorded in 50 patients during a median follow‐up period of 3.7 years. The aMAP score was significantly higher in the HCC occurrence group than in the HCC‐free group (53 vs. 47, p < 0.001). According to risk stratification based on aMAP score, the cumulative incidence of HCC occurrence for the low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk groups was 0.14%, 4.49%, and 9.89%, respectively, at 1 year and 1.56%, 6.87%, and 16.17%, respectively, at 3 years (low vs. medium, low vs. high, and medium vs. high: all p < 0.01). Cox proportional hazard analysis confirmed aMAP ≥ 50 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.78, p = 0.014), age≥ 70 years (HR: 2.41, p = 0.028), ALT ≥ 17 U/L (HR: 2.14, p < 0.001), and AFP ≥ 10 ng/mL (HR: 2.89, p = 0.005) as independent risk factors of HCC occurrence. Interestingly, all but one patient (99.5%) with aMAP less than 40 was HCC‐free following an SVR.ConclusionThe aMAP score could have clinical utility for predicting HCC occurrence in HCV patients achieving an SVR.
One size does not fit all: the need for individualized treatment based on factors that may affect the therapeutic outcome of efinaconazole 10% solution for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Venkataraman Maanasa , Anbalagan Naveen , Guenin Eric P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSuccessful management of onychomycosis is a challenge because cure rates with most antifungals are relatively low and recurrence rates are high. A drug‐based approach by treating the nail alone may not suffice. There are several host‐related factors (age, sex, body mass index [BMI], and patient’s quality of life), disease‐related factors (disease severity, duration, and the number of toenails affected), and comorbidities (tinea pedis and diabetes) that may affect treatment efficacy. Here, we review the post hoc analyses of the phase III trials of efinaconazole 10% solution that have investigated the impact of these factors on topical therapy for toenail onychomycosis. The significant clinical variables that may affect the efficacy of efinaconazole include sex, BMI, disease severity, disease duration, and tinea pedis. As older patients may have slower toenail growth and more severe, longstanding disease compared with younger patients, they may require longer treatment duration, beyond the 48‐week standard regimen. Treatment compliance may need to be discussed for an improved health outcome. Therefore, these prognostic factors need to be carefully evaluated, which may aid in formulating individualized therapy to maximize treatment success.
Spatial and local environmental factors outweigh geo‐climatic gradients in structuring taxonomically and trait‐based β‐diversity of benthic algae
Authors: Wu Naicheng , Zhou Shuchan , Zhang Min , Peng Wenqi , Guo Kun , Qu Xiaodong , He Fengzhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding the variation in biodiversity and its underlying drivers and mechanisms is a core task in biogeography and ecology. We examined (a) the relative contributions of species replacement (i.e., turnover) and richness difference (i.e., nestedness) to taxonomically and trait‐based β‐diversity of stream benthic algae; (b) whether these two facets of β‐diversity are correlated with each other; and (c) the relative contributions of local environmental, geo‐climatic and spatial factors to the two facets of β‐diversity and their components.LocationHun‐Tai River Basin, northeastern China.TaxonStream benthic algae.MethodsA total of 157 sites were sampled. Mantel tests were used to examine the complementarities between the two facets of β‐diversity and their components. Distance‐based redundancy analysis and variation partitioning were utilized to investigate the relative contributions of local environmental, geo‐climatic and spatial factors to each facet of β‐diversity and their components.ResultsWeak correlations between taxonomically and trait‐based β‐diversity and their components were detected, which indicated complementarity of ecological information. Taxonomically based total β‐diversity was largely driven by turnover, whereas trait‐based total β‐diversity was more driven by nestedness. Variation partitioning results indicated that local environmental and spatial factors contributed more than geo‐climatic variables to the total explained variation in taxonomically and trait‐based β‐diversity.Main conclusionsDifferent facets of β‐diversity and their decomposition are important for understanding diversity patterns of benthic algae relative to abiotic factors. A high level of trait‐based convergence among benthic algae communities, despite high taxonomic divergence, demonstrated turnover of species with similar biological traits across our study region. Our study provides a trait‐based insight into stream benthic algae communities, which was less documented by previous freshwater studies that focused on regions undergoing recovery following human disturbances.
Page kidney: Rare cause of acute kidney injury after complicated renal artery angioplasty
Authors: Douvris Adrianna , Jegatheswaran Januvi , Hadziomerovic Adnan , Ruzicka Marcel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe authors present a case of a patient who experienced a rare complication after attempted renal angioplasty and stenting, Page kidney. This patient presented with new onset hypertension secondary to bilateral renal artery stenosis and was referred for revascularization given hypertension refractory to medical management. The right renal artery underwent successful angioplasty and stenting; however, the left renal artery experienced recoil stenosis. Post‐procedure the patient developed acute kidney injury secondary to Page kidney from subcapsular and extracapsular hematoma. This was managed conservatively with transfusions and the hematoma and acute kidney injury self‐resolved over the next 4 months. This case highlights the importance of revascularization for refractory hypertension secondary to hemodynamically significant bilateral renal artery stenosis, the rare complication of Page kidney with attempted revascularization of renal artery stenosis and the involvement of a hypertension specialist in the decision of revascularization of renal artery stenosis.
Political Business Cycles in Post‐Communist European Countries
Authors: Pulatov Abdullo , Ahmad Ahmad Hassan 
Published: July 2021

This article analyses political business cycles (PBCs) in ten former European communist countries. The dataset used covers the period 1990‐2018. The results show that the PBCs manifest themselves in these countries through both fiscal and monetary policy. Changes in government expenditure during election times are found to be significant in reducing unemployment. Hence, it signals that there is a politically driven fiscal expansion. The results also show the importance of institutional quality in reducing the effects of the PBCs. The monetary policy models indicate that changes in money stock during and around election times affect the unemployment rate. Undertaking a subsample analysis of the non‐EU and EU members highlights the case that the membership of the EU is an important factor in preventing the development of PBCs.Related ArticlesHazakis, Konstantinos J. 2015. “The Political Economy of Economic Adjustment Programs in the Eurozone: A Detailed Policy Analysis.” Politics & Policy 43 (6): 822‐854. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12141Rogers, Chris. 2009. “The Politics of Economic Policy Making in Britain: A Re‐Assessment of the 1976 IMF Crisis.” Politics & Policy 37 (5): 971‐994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00207.xSager, Fritz, and Markus Hinterleitner. 2016. “How do Credit Rating Agencies Rate? An Implementation Perspective on the Assessment of Austerity Programs during the European Debt Crisis.” Politics & Policy 44 (4): 783‐815. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12165
Nitric oxide synthesis stimulated by arachidonic acid accumulation via PPARα in acetylcholine‐stimulated gastric mucous cells
Authors: Tanaka Saori , Ito Shigenori , Shimamoto Chikao , Matsumura Hitoshi , Inui Toshio , Marunaka Yoshinori , Nakahari Takashi 
Published: July 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Arachidonic acid (AA) stimulates NO production in antral mucous cells without any increase in [Ca2+]i. Given that the intracellular AA concentration is too low to measure, the relationship between AA accumulation and NO production remains uncertain. Is AA accumulation a key step for NO production?
What is the main finding and its importance?
We demonstrated that AA accumulation is a key step for NO production. The amount of AA released could be measured using fluorescence‐HPLC. The intracellular AA concentration was maintained at < 1 μM. Nitric oxide is produced by AA accumulation in antral mucous cells, not as a direct effect of [Ca2+]i.
AbstractIn the present study, we demonstrate that NO production is stimulated by an accumulation of arachidonic acid (AA) mediated via peroxisome proliferation‐activated receptor α (PPARα) and that the NO produced enhances Ca2+‐regulated exocytosis in ACh‐stimulated antral mucous cells. The amount of AA released from the antral mucosa, measured by fluorescence high‐performance liquid chromatography (F‐HPLC), was increased by addition of ionomycin (10 μM) or ACh, suggesting that AA accumulation is stimulated by an increase in [Ca2+]i. The AA production was inhibited by an inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2‐inhα). GW6471 (a PPARα inhibitor) and cPLA2‐inhα inhibited NO synthesis stimulated by ACh. Moreover, indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, stimulated AA accumulation and NO production. However, acetylsalicylic acid did not stimulate AA production and NO synthesis. An analogue of AA (AACOCF3) alone stimulated NO synthesis, which was inhibited by GW6471. In antral mucous cells, indomethacin enhanced Ca2+‐regulated exocytosis by increasing NO via PPARα, and the enhancement was abolished by GW6471 and cPLA2‐inhα. Thus, AA produced via PLA2 activation is the key step for NO synthesis in ACh‐stimulated antral mucous cells and plays important roles in maintaining antral mucous secretion, especially in Ca2+‐regulated exocytosis.
Estado como agente segregador socioespacial urbano
Authors: Santos Jeniffer Hespanha dos , Carmo Judite de Azevedo do , Oliveira Neto Vicente Pontes de 
Published: July 2021

Este texto tem como objetivo principal apresentar os resultados alcançados pela pesquisa realizada em Terra Nova do Norte, no Estado de Mato Grosso, que procurou explicitar o papel exercido pelo Estado na segregação socioespacial urbana, tomando como espaço empírico para a análise o Conjunto Habitacional João Paulo II, que foi implantado por meio dos Programas Habitacionais “Meu Lar”, do governo do Estado e “Minha Casa Minha Vida”, do governo Federal. Para tanto foi utilizado o materialismo histórico e dialético para proceder a abordagem do fenômeno e recorreu à pesquisa bibliográfica para fundamentar a análise, à pesquisa a campo para proceder ao registro fotográfico e a observação assistemática e a sistemática por meio da aplicação de questionários à 68 residências para fazer o levantamento de aspectos sociais, econômicos e habitacionais do bairro em questão. Os dados e as informações levantadas foram analisadas quanti-qualitativamente. Como resultado obteve-se que o Estado atua promovendo a segregação socioespacial urbana, por meio de alocação da população de baixa renda em área afastada da área central e sem a devida infraestrutura urbana. Essa segregação se torna mais brutal quando se observa a dificuldade de deslocamento dos moradores do bairro nos demais espaços da cidade, haja vista não haver transporte coletivo que possa atender as suas demandas, tirando desses cidadãos o acesso e o direito à cidade em sua totalidade.
Nombres, exilios, encierros. Susana Gertopán y la(s) escritura(s) judía(s) de Paraguay
Authors: Feierstein Liliana Ruth 
Published: July 2021

La comunidad judía de Paraguay es pequeña y casi desconocida en el ámbito de los estudios judaicos. A través de un breve análisis de las obras de una de sus voces literarias más interesantes, Susana Gertopán, el artículo intenta agudizar el oído para identificar algunos tópicos recurrentes y dolorosos de esa historia: las marcas del exilio, el problema del nombre, la transmisión intergeneracional del trauma de la Shoá, las dificultades de adaptación de los inmigrantes del este europeo a este territorio extraño y tropical y, en resumidas cuentas, las huellas de la vivencia judía en un país eclipsado durante décadas por una dictadura que lo convirtió en un gueto aislado del mundo. Donde, sin embargo, creció la vida. Plena de cicatrices.
Algumas Questões sobre Sexualidade e Gênero nas Leis dos Estratos Sacerdotais do Pentateuco: os Casos de Lv 20,20-21 e Nm 5,11-31
Authors: Silva Clarisse Ferreira da 
Published: July 2021

As leis bíblicas oriundas dos grupos sacerdotais podem ser reconhecidas por sua atenção mais especificamente voltada aos ritos e ao santuário, sempre em conformidade com aquilo que estes grupos consideravam condizente com a santidade de YHWH1, o Deus de Israel. Mas não apenas isso, em alguns estratos, elas demonstrariam preocupação especial em relação à santidade do povo que adorava YHWH, bem como à da terra em que seu Templo se erguia.Os ideais sacerdotais expressavam-se também através de leis que visavam regular o corpo humano e o modo como as pessoas deviam viver sua sexualidade a fim de que refletissem, irrestritamente, tal modelo de santidade.
Geração 2,5: a shoá de Amir
Authors: Rozenchan Nancy 
Published: July 2021

O trauma da Shoá é sabidamente um dos componentes mais complexos da identidade israelense contemporânea. Ainda que tenham se passado décadas desde os trágicos eventos que afetaram criticamente o povo judeu, Israel, que absorveu a maioria dos sobreviventes da catástrofe, continua a tentar assimilar, geração após geração, as dores, perdas e tentativas de compreensão dos eventos da II Guerra relacionados à parte de sua população. À literatura hebraica cabe um papel primordial na exposição das diversas questões aí abrangidas, assim como de atualização dos sentimentos e forma de expressão que continuam a se alterar nos anos que se seguiram. Partindo dos primeiros registros literários relacionados à Shoá, o presente texto fixa-se, por fim, em um dos romances mais destacados dos últimos tempos, Shoá shelanu [Nossa Shoá], de Amir Gutfreund, Tel Aviv, Ed. Zamora-Beitan, 2000, que explora a temática pela visão da geração de descendentes de sobreviventes.
Abstract 104: Apolipoprotein D: Implications for Multiple Roles in Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Srivastava Ujala , Abo-Ali Ehab M , Nguy Susanna , Lebegue Jean , Ali Kamilah 
Published: July 2021

Introduction-
ApoD is a ubiquitously expressed protein that binds small hydrophobic ligands and is a minor component of lipoproteins. Polymorphisms of the human ApoD gene are associated with lipid abnormalities, specifically the reduction of HDL and ApoA1 levels. In fact, hepatic overexpression of ApoD has been shown to regulate the amount of plasma triglycerides. ApoD is also upregulated in human and mouse models of atherosclerosis, and is localized in cell types involved in atherosclerotic lesion formation. These data suggest that ApoD plays a role in lipid metabolism by modulating cellular processes in vascular cells during atherogenesis. In this study, our objective is to identify the role(s) of ApoD in lipid metabolism and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this process.

Methods and Results-
To accomplish our objective, we used a two-pronged approach. We first studied the effect of ApoD on lipid metabolism on a chow diet. There was no significant difference between the levels of plasma cholesterol in ApoD -/- and wild-type mice on a chow diet; however, hepatic cholesterol levels had more than doubled. A 96-gene PCR array was used to assess differential expression of genes involved in fatty liver biogenesis. There was at least a 2-fold difference in expression in about 10 genes involved in insulin/glucose signaling, lipogenesis, and inflammation in the ApoD -/- mice. We then studied the effect of a Western diet in the ApoD -/- mice, which showed a significant reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol when compared to wild-type mice. Analysis of the HDL fractions after subjecting plasma to a Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography column revealed increased levels of ApoA1 and Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) activity in ApoD -/- mice.

Conclusion-
A decrease in plasma cholesterol and an increase in ApoA1 and LCAT activity suggest that ApoD may play a role in the catabolism of HDL particles, resulting in lower plasma cholesterol levels in ApoD -/- mice. Our current data implies that ApoD plays a multifunctional role in lipid metabolism and the mechanism by which this occurs must be further examined.
Abstract 116: A Targeted Sequencing Approach in Subjects with Extremely High HDL-C Identifies individuals with Potentially Causal Mutations in Both Alleles of 53 Genes
Authors: Larach Daniel B , Patel Aniruddh P , Peloso Gina M , Zanoni Paolo , DerOhannessian Stephanie L , Cuchel Marina , Kathiresan Sekar , Rader Daniel J 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
The molecular etiology of extremely elevated HDL-C is poorly understood. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic loci associated with HDL-C, but very few of these harbor genes in which rare mutations are known to cause extremely elevated HDL-C levels. We performed targeted sequencing of exons in genes at GWAS lipid loci on subjects with extremely high HDL-C compared with those with low HDL-C in order to identify individuals with nonsynonymous mutations that could be causal for the extreme high HDL-C phenotype.

Methods

389 cases with HDL-C >95
th
percentile (102±19 mg/dL), and 387 controls with HDL-C <25
th
percentile (32±5 mg/dL) underwent targeted sequencing of exons in genes ±300 kb around each of 95 recently identified GWAS loci associated with lipid parameters. Candidate variants were identified by the following criteria: (1) missense, nonsense, and frameshift variants; (2) predicted to be deleterious by at least 1 of 3
in silico
prediction methods; (3) a ratio of high HDL-C heterozygotes to low HDL-C heterozygotes >1.5:1; (4) absence of any low HDL-C homozygotes; (5) MAF <0.01. Individuals with a potentially causal low-frequency variant in both alleles of a specific gene were identified for further phenotypic characterization.

Results
46 individuals with extremely high HDL-C were identified to have potentially causal low-frequency variants in both alleles of the same gene. These individuals were homozygous or compound heterozygous for mutations in 53 distinct genes. Most of these genes were not known to play defined roles in HDL metabolism, and include ARHGAP1, BTN2A2, CAMK2B, LILRA3, and OSCAR. These individuals are currently being called back for detailed phenotyping.

Conclusions
A targeted sequencing approach focused on genes at GWAS HDL-C loci in subjects with extremely high HDL-C identified 46 individuals with potentially causal low-frequency variants in both alleles of the same gene, including genes not known to play a role in HDL metabolism. More detailed phenotyping and family studies are underway, and are likely to provide new information regarding the phenotypic consequences of loss-of-function mutations in both alleles of several genes that influence HDL metabolism.