bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oestrogen and Progesterone Hormone Receptors in Dupuytren’s Disease
Authors: HANKIN F. M. , ECKENRODE J. , LOUIS D. S. 
Published: December 2021

Dupuytren’s disease is associated with alcoholism and chronic liver disease, conditions frequently associated with deranged steroid hormone metabolism. The possible influence of endogenous sex steroid hormones on the development of Dupuytren’s disease has therefore been investigated. An analysis of diseased palmar fascia for oestrogen and progesterone receptors was undertaken in fifteen patients. Hormone specific receptors were not found in the palmar fascia of our patients with Dupuytren’s disease, thus suggesting that other mechanisms or factors contribute to the pathogenesis of this fibrotic process.
Operative Correction of Posttraumatic and Congenital Swanneck Deformity—A New Technique
Authors: KARTHAUS R. P. , van der WERF G. J. I. M. 
Published: December 2021

Volar plate reconstruction by using a part of the slip of the superficialis tendon is a new technique in the treatment of posttraumatic and congenital swanneck deformity. This small series represents two patients with a posttraumatic swanneck deformity due to volar plate rupture and one patient with a congenital swanneck deformity in six fingers. The results of the operation with a two years follow-up show seven fingers with a normal flexion-extension range without hyperextension. Only one finger has an extension lag of five degrees. All fingers have a normal grip strength and normal fine movements without pain. There were no complications.
Ulnar Variance Determination
Authors: KRISTENSEN S. S. , THOMASSEN E. , CHRISTENSEN F. 
Published: December 2021

Surgical procedures concerning the distal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna, demand an accurate method of measurement of ulnar variance. A new method, which is a modification of the method described by Palmer (1982), is introduced. 100 randomly selected healthy persons were submitted to X-ray of the wrist and the ulnar variance was determined independently by three observers using both methods. By “weighted kappa” statistics the results, expressed in intra- and interobserver agreement, showed a significantly higher reliability in favour of the Modified method.
Restoration of Elbow Flexion by Complete Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Transposition
Authors: HIRAYAMA T. , TAKEMITSU Y. , ATSUTA Y. , OZAWA K. 
Published: December 2021

Flexor-plasty of the elbow has been performed using either a tubed complete latissimus dorsi muscle or musculocutaneous transposition in eight patients, six of whom had brachial plexus palsy and two traumatic loss of the anterior brachial musculature and overlying soft tissue. The range of follow-up was from one to eight years. When the postoperative results were evaluated according to the criteria of Segal (1959), the results were excellent in four cases and good in three, with one failure. The indications, operative technique and results are discussed.
Vascularized Bone Graft Pedicled on the Volar Carpal Artery for Non-Union of the Scaphoid.
Authors: KUHLMANN J. N. , MIMOUN M. , BOABIGHI A. , BAUX S. 
Published: December 2021

A bone graft, taken from the medial part of the radial epiphysis can be pedicled on the radial branch of the volar carpal arch, freed back to its origin. The graft can be transferred into the proximal row of the carpus to fill up a loss of bony substance or to provide vascularised bone. This permits the treatment of chronic pseud-arthrosis of the scaphoid where a Matti-Russe operation has failed. In the first three cases operated upon, favourable results have been obtained.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Acute Hand Infections
Authors: QUINTON D. N. , SLOAN J. P. , THEAKSTONE JULIE 
Published: December 2021

Twenty-six patients with severe hand infections requiring operative drainage and admission to hospital were entered into a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. This was to test the use of a functioning transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator and a non-functioning transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator for pain relief in the first three postoperative days. Those patients with a functioning transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator required significantly less analgesia. They also demonstrated highly significant improvement in their range of total active movement over those patients with a non-functioning transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator. We recommend the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator after operation to reduce pain and improve mobility.
Cold Sensitivity After Replantation in Relation to Arterial Circulation and Vasoregulation
Authors: NYLANDER G. , NYLANDER E. , LASSVIK C. 
Published: December 2021

Cold intolerance is a common problem after injuries to the band. To elucidate the mechanism of this cold sensitivity, eight patients with successful replantations of amputations of the thumb or index finger were studied one and half years later. In six patients the Doppler signal from the anastomosed arteries was normal and in two patients signs of mild stenosis were found. All patients had normal or slightly reduced basal finger systolic pressure in the replanted finger. Six had signs of marked vasospasm. Alpha-receptor blockade had no effect on the cold-induced decrease in finger systolic pressure in the replanted finger. It is concluded that cold intolerance after hand injuries results from a defect in vasoregulation and is not caused by organic insufficiency of the circulation.
The Allen Test — an Investigation of its Accuracy by Fluorescein Angiography
Authors: McGREGOR A. D. 
Published: December 2021

Six consecutive patients whose clinical Allen test suggested a non-patent radial artery have been investigated by intra-arterial fluorescein angiography. Cannulation of the radial artery and injection of fluorescein typically perfused only the thumb and thenar eminence. Occlusion of the ulnar artery, leaving the radial artery as the dominant supply, resulted in fluorescein perfusion of the entire hand. It is concluded that the Allen test is of no clinical value.
A Review of Repaired Flexor Tendons
Authors: GAULT D. T. 
Published: December 2021

67 patients with 176 repaired flexor tendons have been reviewed after a mean interval of 26.4 months. 160 tendons to 100 fingers, and 16 flexor pollicis longus tendons were repaired. When evaluated by Buck-Gramcko criteria, the functional results in 92% of the fingers and 69% of the thumbs were graded as excellent or good. Patients with partially divided tendons fared no better than those whose tendons were completely divided. The results of repair in the little finger were less satisfactory than in other fingers.
A Diagnostic Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome using Ultrasound
Authors: MOLITOR P. J. A. 
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the details of an ultrasound test for carpal tunnel syndrome and compares the results of this with E.M.G. studies in a series of 19 patients. The equipment used was a standard therapeutic ultrasound unit and the tests were performed by a physiotherapist. The results were encouraging, with a 90% correlation with E.M.G. results.
Micro – Arterial Anastomosis Using Only Two Sutures and an Autogenous Cuff
Authors: KANAUJIA R. R. 
Published: December 2021

Microvascular anastomosis using only two sutures and an autogenous cuff was carried out in an experimental model of Wistar albino rats. 40 femoral and 40 epigastric arteries were used for this cuff technique and compared with conventional technique in the same number of vessels. The cuff technique is simple, quick, causes less trauma to the vessel wall and gives a good patency rate. Anastomosis of an artery 0.5mm in diameter is very easy with the cuff technique (98% patency) which remains difficult using conventional technique (0% patency). The disadvantage of this technique may be leakage of blood just after releasing the clamps due to restoration of blood flow, but this is easily controlled within few minutes by mild compression.
Elbow Flexion Contractures: Treatment by Anterior Release and Continuous Passive Motion
Authors: BREEN T. F. , GELBERMAN R. H. , ACKERMAN G. N. 
Published: December 2021

We treated three elbows with post-traumatic flexion contractures (mean contracture: 41°) by operative release and post-operative continuous passive motion rehabilitation. Each elbow had been resistant to at least six weeks of conservative therapy. All patients complained of the residual deformity and some functional deficit. All patients, after failure of non-operative therapy, desired operative treatment. At follow-up (mean 12 months), there was a mean post-operative contracture of 5°. Continuous passive motion is recommended as an adjunct to anterior release in patients with resistant elbow flexion contractures.
Brachial Plexus Anaesthesia for Upper Limb Surgery: A Review of Eight Years’ Experience
Authors: THOMPSON A. M. , NEWMAN R. J. , SEMPLE J. C. 
Published: December 2021

1248 supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and 665 axillary plexus blocks were administered to 1913 patients undergoing upper limb surgery. Plexus block alone was successful in 83.5%. In a further 11.4% of cases, adequate anaesthesia was obtained following augmentation by other regional or local techniques. This resulted in an overall success rate of 94.9% and general anaesthesia was required in only 5.1%. The two percutaneous approaches to the brachial plexus did not differ in their success-rates but clinically apparent pneumothorax occurred in 0.8% of supraclavicular blocks. Brachial plexus block anaesthesia is recommended as a safe and satisfactory alternative to general anaesthesia for upper limb surgery.
Boutonniere Deformity in Dupuytren’s Disease
Authors: KUHLMANN J. N. , BOABIGHI A. , GUERO S. , MIMOUN M. , BAUX S. 
Published: December 2021

The boutonnière deformity in Dupuytren’s disease has been found to be due to fibrous contraction of the transverse retinacular ligament which anteriorly displaces the fibres of the extensor apparatus. Complete ablation of this ligament and liberation of the extensor apparatus arrows easy extension of the finger when operating on severe cases of Dupuytren’s contracture.
Assessment of Sensory Nerve Conduction in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome before, during and after Operation
Authors: LUCHETTI R. , SCHOENHUBER R. , LANDI A. 
Published: December 2021

Sensory conduction velocities of the median nerve before, during and after operation were compared in nine patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and four controls, in order to evaluate the prognostic value of the pre-operative and intra-operative findings. Sensory conduction velocity was higher after operation than before in all patients (mean difference 31.33%), but not in control subjects. One patient showed a dramatic increase of 157% immediately after decompression. Comparing the intra-operative with the post-operative findings all patients but one showed an increase of antidromic sensory conduction velocity (mean 44.37%), while in control subjects again minimal changes were found (mean –4.25%). The study confirms the high diagnostic value of the pre-operative antidromic sensory conduction velocity findings. However, the prognostic value of both pre-operative and intra-operative ASCV findings is low.
Surgical Release of the Median Nerve under Local Anaesthesia for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: ALTISSIMI M. , MANCINI G. B. 
Published: December 2021

Carpal tunnel release was performed under local anaesthesia in 124 wrists of 108 patients. The local anaesthetic was injected into the carpal tunnel and into the subcutaneous tissue under the line of the skin incision. A tourniquet was used in all cases. Analgesia was complete in all but six patients. Only one patient had real difficulty in tolerating the tourniquet. In 18 cases the median nerve, when exposed at operation, showed evidence of some damage caused by the needle or by injection of local anaesthetic but, at follow-up, no symptoms or signs related to this damage were found.
Scaphoid Fractures Treated by Herbert Screw Fixation
Authors: MORAN R. , CURTIN J. 
Published: December 2021

Forty-one scaphoid fractures had Herbert screw fixation. There were three acutely displace fractures (Type B), nine delayed unions (Type C), and 29 non-unions (Type D). All procedures were carried out by the senior author between December 1983 and May 1987. The average time from injury to surgery was 19 months. All Type D fractures were bone-grafted. Six of the 29 Type D fractures failed to unite radiologically following surgery. Incorrect screw placement was a factor in two cases. The average time from injury to surgery in three of the others was seven years. Radiological evidence of screw loosening was present within two months of mobilising these cases. We feel that Herbert screw fixation may not be adequate when dealing with longstanding scaphoid non-unions, and stronger fixation or prolonged cast immobilisation may be necessary.
Complex Dislocation of the Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joint of the Index Finger: A Comparison of the Surgical Approaches
Authors: BARRY K. , McGEE H. , CURTIN J. 
Published: December 2021

Complex dislocation of the index metacarpo-phalangeal joint almost always requires surgical intervention. Controversy exists as to the most suitable surgical approach to reduction: palmar or dorsal. We reviewed four cases and carried out dissections in eight cadaver hands to compare the surgical approaches. The interposed volar plate was found to be the most important obstacle to reduction. Both approaches were successful in obtaining reduction. The dorsal approach was simple and safe, hut necessitated longitudinal division of the volar plate and may carry a theoretical risk of late instability. The palmar approach allows restoration of normal anatomy but the radial neurovascular bundle is always vulnerable.
Beirut Blast 2020: Cries and Bloodshed at the Busiest Hospital
Authors: Kerbage Anthony , Haddad Sara F. , Zoghbi Marianne , Souaid Tarek , Haroun Elio , Zoghbi Antoine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
On August 4, 2020, Beirut experienced a large explosion when 2750 tons of ammonium nitrate detonated in the Beirut port resulting in more than 220 deaths, 76 000 injuries, 300 000 people displaced, and 15 billion dollars loss in property damage. Hôtel-Dieu de France (HDF), one of the largest university hospitals in the capital, has an emergency department that typically accommodates 25 patients. On that night, it received the largest number of injuries and had to accommodate more than 700 casualties within a few hours of the blast. This article describes HDF’s preparedness, emergency response, as well as the distribution of admissions to the emergency department, operation rooms, and the general ward. Surge capacity and the triage system are also detailed.
Control, Coercion, and Cooptation
Authors: Liu Shelley X. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines how rebels govern after winning a civil war. During war, both sides—rebels and their rivals—form ties with civilians to facilitate governance and to establish control. To consolidate power after war, the new rebel government engages in control through its ties in its wartime strongholds, through coercion in rival strongholds where rivals retain ties, and through cooptation by deploying loyal bureaucrats to oversee development in unsecured terrain where its ties are weak. These strategies help to explain subnational differences in postwar development. The author analyzes Zimbabwe's Liberation War (1972–1979) and its postwar politics (1980–1987) using a difference-in-differences identification strategy that leverages large-scale education reforms. Quantitative results show that development increased most quickly in unsecured terrain and least quickly in rival strongholds. Qualitative evidence from archival and interview data confirms the theorized logic. The findings deepen understanding of transitions from conflict to peace and offer important insights about how wartime experiences affect postwar politics.
The Illumination of Thunderclouds by Lightning: 4. Volumetric Thunderstorm Imagery
Authors: Peterson Michael , Mach Douglas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptical instruments such as the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) detect lightning based on transient changes in cloud illumination. The horizontal location of lightning is determined from the coordinates of the pixels on the imaging array illuminated during the flash. However, the vertical position of the lightning pulses (approximated by GLM “groups”) below the cloud top cannot be routinely measured from a single space‐based instrument. In our prior work, we have developed a machine learning algorithm that can infer optical source altitude for a given pulse based on how the optical energy is distributed across the group footprint and the local Advanced Baseline Imager Cloud‐Top Height (CTH). In this fourth part of our thundercloud illumination study, we leverage these source altitudes to generate volumetric GLM imagery of a Colombia thunderstorm. We find that 3D versions of the current GLM meteorological imagery products (that describe thunderstorm kinematics) and thundercloud imagery products (that depict how the flashes appear from space) provide additional insights into lightning activity in the thunderstorm that are lost in the vertical integration used to generate the current 2D GLM gridded products. This new volumetric imaging capability provides a more comprehensive picture of where lightning occurs in the storm, how its physical characteristics vary across three‐dimensional space, and how its optical emissions interact with surrounding the cloud medium.
Spectral Element Modeling of Acoustic to Seismic Coupling Over Topography
Authors: Bishop Jordan W. , Fee David , Modrak Ryan , Tape Carl , Kim Keehoon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcoustic waves in the atmosphere are commonly recorded on seismometers as they couple into the ground. These signals, here called ground coupled airwaves, are not commonly considered in numerical modeling of infrasound propagation, which often assumes a rigid unmeshed boundary. Starting from an analytically‐tractable spherical wave model, we analyze how the coupling of an acoustic wave into a planar elastic halfspace changes over a wide range of scenarios. We use energy admittance to quantify acoustic to seismic coupling over both a planar elastic halfspace and meshed topography. Our spectral element and analytic calculations have different maxima as a function of incidence angle, with very high admittance values for near‐vertical incidence (maximum ≈78%). Energy admittance calculations at shallow incidence angles are much smaller (less than 1%). In simulations over the complex topography of Sakurajima Volcano, we attribute the variable spatial pattern of energy admittance to changes in earth parameters between each model. The observed pressure difference over the simulated 15 km region appears to be . While this value is relatively small, the cumulative addition over 100s of km and multiple acoustic bounce points may be significant. Acoustic to seismic coupling along the propagation path may bias long distance yield estimates, particularly when infrasound propagates over regions with steep topography or particularly slow seismic velocities, such as alluvial planes.
Impact of the September 2019 Minor Sudden Stratospheric Warming on the Low‐Latitude Middle Atmospheric Planetary Wave Dynamics
Authors: Mitra G. , Guharay A. , Batista P. P. , Buriti R. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlanetary wave (PW) associated dynamical variability in the equatorial and extratropical middle atmosphere during the September 2019 Southern hemisphere minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is investigated utilizing meteor radar wind observations from São João do Cariri (7.4°S, 36.5°W) and Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45°W) and reanalysis data. Signature of the mesospheric warming in conjunction with the stratospheric cooling is found at low latitudes. The strong westerly wind at low latitudes decelerates notably near 65 km at the onset of the warming episode, although no wind reversal is observed. The wind spectra reveal a prevalent quasi‐16‐day wave (Q16DW) prior to the SSW and existence of a quasi‐6‐day wave (Q6DW) after the warming event. Possible existence of barotropic/baroclinic instability in the low and mid latitude middle atmosphere may be responsible for exciting the Q6DW. Both traveling and stationary waves exhibit notable activities during the warming event. Although involvement of both zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2 PWs are found in the event, PW with zonal wavenumber 1 seems to play a vital role in preconditioning the same. Furthermore, significant latitudinal mixing of airmass between the tropics and high latitudes is evident in the potential vorticity map. The Eliassen‐Palm flux diagnosis shows the propagation of the Q6DW and Q16DW from mid to low latitudes during the warming event.
Abundance and Fractional Solubility of Aerosol Iron During Winter at a Coastal City in Northern China: Similarities and Contrasts Between Fine and Coarse Particles
Authors: Zhang Huanhuan , Li Rui , Dong Shuwei , Wang Fu , Zhu Yujiao , Meng He , Huang Chengpeng , Ren Yan , Wang Xinfeng , Hu Xiaodong , Li Tingting , Peng Chao , Zhang Guohua , Xue Likun , Wang Xinming , Tang Mingjin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAerosol deposition is a major source of soluble Fe in open oceans, affecting marine biogeochemistry and primary production. However, Fe fractional solubility, a key parameter in estimating deposition fluxes of soluble aerosol Fe, is still highly uncertain. Abundance and fractional solubility of aerosol Fe in fine (<1 μm) and coarse (>1 μm) particles was measured at Qingdao (a coastal city in northern China) in November‐December 2019. Average concentrations of total and soluble Fe were found to be 798 ± 466 and 7.7 ± 14.5 ng/m3 in coarse particles, and 801 ± 534 and 7.3 ± 7.6 ng/m3 in fine particles. Fe solubility was significantly lower in coarse particles (average: 0.80 ± 1.03%) than fine particles (average 1.29 ± 1.41%). Compared to clean days, total Fe concentration was substantially increased during dust and haze days; however, Fe solubility was significantly reduced in dust days and elevated in haze days. Acid processing significantly enhanced Fe solubility in both fine and coarse particles, and the contribution of primary emission to Fe solubility enhancement was important for fine particles but minor for coarse particles. Higher Fe solubility (>1%) in fine and coarse particles was usually observed at high aerosol acidity (pH < 4) and high RH (>60%), suggesting critical roles of aerosol acidity and water content in regulating aerosol Fe solubility.