bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family history in non‐syndromic orofacial clefts: Is there a pattern?
Authors: Silva Carolina Maia , Pereira Maria Carolina de Moraes , Queiroz Thaís Bernardes de , Neves Lucimara Teixeira das 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo survey the frequency and pattern of family history for non‐syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFC). Initial hypothesis: more complex forms have a higher frequency of positive family history.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was carried with 2,668 subjects with three different types of clefts (CL Group (cleft lip), CLP Group (cleft lip and palate), and CP group (cleft palate)); family history information was collected. The Chi‐square (X2) and Z‐test were used.ResultsA positive family history was found in 31% of the sample. The CLP Group had highest percentage and highest proportion of affected relatives, being these factors statistically significant when compared to the CP Group. Comparisons between the CLP Male and CL Male with CP Male were statistically significant. First‐degree kinship was the most frequently found.ConclusionsThe initial hypothesis was confirmed, subjects with CLP had the highest percentage of positive family history, the highest proportion of affected relatives and had more affected relatives in comparison with CP. It is more common to find affected relatives in the CLP Male and CL Male groups when compared with CP Male. CLP and CP groups present a pattern of occurrence of the type of cleft in the family.
Integrated analysis of transcriptomics to identify hub genes in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Lin Yanjun , Yao Xiu , Yan Mingdong , Zhou Lin , Huang Wenxiu , Xiao Yanjun , Wu Dong , Chen Jiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome is a clinical challenge. Gene expression profile analysis and comprehensive network methods for complex diseases can provide insight into molecular characteristics in the clinical context.Materials and MethodsWe downloaded gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We screened differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the pSS patients and the controls by the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method. We explored DEGs’ potential function using gene function annotation and PPI network analysis.ResultsGSE23117, GSE40611, GSE80805, and GSE127952 were included, including 38 patients and 30 controls. The RRA integrated analysis determined 294 significant DEGs (241 upregulated and 53 downregulated), and the most significant gene aberrantly expressed in SS was CXCL9 (p = 6.39E‐15), followed by CXCL13 (p = 1.53E‐13). Immune response (GO:0006955; p = 4.29E‐32) was the most significantly enriched biological process in GO (gene ontology) analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction (hsa04060; p = 6.46E‐10) and chemokine signaling pathway (hsa04062; p = 9.54E‐09) were significantly enriched. We defined PTPRC, CD86, and LCP2 as the hub genes based on the PPI results.ConclusionOur integrated analysis identified gene signatures and helped understand molecular changes in pSS.
ZNF582 hypermethylation as a prognostic biomarker for malignant transformation of oral lesions
Authors: Juan Yi‐Chen , Su Yee‐Fun , Bai Chyi‐Huey , Fan Yen‐Chun , Kuo Tzu‐Tung , Ko Hui‐Hsin , Peng Hsin‐Hui , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Fwu Chyng‐Wen , Cheng Shih‐Jung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis hospital‐based cohort study evaluated whether ZNF582 and PAX1 methylation levels at baseline can be used as biomarkers to identify lesions with a high potential for malignant transformation in patients with normal mucosa and oral potentially malignant disorders.Patients and methodsWe recruited 171 adult patients with normal mucosa and oral potentially malignant disorders in 2012–2014. They were followed until 2017. Outcomes, including advanced histopathological findings and oral cancer occurrence, were obtained from medical charts, the Taiwan Cancer Registry, and cause‐of‐death data. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of ZNF582 and PAX1 methylation levels at baseline with subsequent outcome occurrences.ResultsAfter 260,192 days of follow‐up, 11 cases of oral cancer and 4 cases of advanced histopathological progression occurred. Patients with higher ZNF582 and PAX1 methylation levels at baseline had a higher incidence of disease progression. After adjustment for all studied factors using Cox proportional hazards regression models, ZNF582m level (adjusted hazard ratio, 11.41; 95% CI, 2.05–63.36; p = 0.005) was the only significant and independent predictor of disease progression.ConclusionsZNF582 hypermethylation can be an effective and noninvasive biomarker for identifying oral lesions with a high potential for malignant transformation.
Photochemical Valence Isomerization to High Energy Products—Bicyclobutanes and Oxabicyclobutanes†
Authors: Rágyanszki Anita , Fiser Béla , Lee‐Ruff Edward , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDFT calculations were used to determine the structures and energies of bicyclobutane and oxabicyclobutane as valence isomers derived from electronic excitation of their corresponding precursors, 1,3‐butadiene and acrolein, respectively. Proton affinities of these strained compounds were determined and compared with their simple ring components, cyclopropane and ethylene oxide. The basicity as determined from proton affinities showed that bicyclobutane is the most basic saturated hydrocarbon, even more basic than oxabicyclobutane. Strain energies of these valence tautomers were computed which showed oxabicyclobutane to be significantly more strained than bicyclobutane. Qualitative reasons are provided to account for the difference in strain energies.
An Organic Capsule as a Matrix to Capture and Store Reactive Molecules at Room Temperature in Aqueous Solution: 7‐cis‐β‐Ionone†
Authors: Sunny Amal Sam , Ramamurthy Vaidhyanathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow‐temperature m atrix isolation method is the most popular one to generate and store reactive molecules and characterize them byin situIR spectroscopy. Recognizing the need for a simpler method to trap and store such molecules and characterize by NMR spectroscopy at room temperature in solution, we have performed experiments exploring the value of water‐soluble octa acid (OA) capsule as a storage vessel. The molecule we have chosen to illustrate the feasibility is the highly hindered 7‐cis‐β‐ionone, which has been established to exist in equilibrium with its cyclic form with the later favored at room temperature. In this study, we have shown that confined space can be an alternative to temperature to tilt an equilibrium toward higher energy isomer. During the course of the study, we were surprised to note that 7‐trans‐β‐ionone aggregates in water and has distinct1H NMR spectra. Ability to assemble characterizable organic aggregates in water reveals the value of water as a reaction medium that is yet to be fully explored by photochemists. Finally, we have clarified the likely mechanism of secondary photoreaction of α‐pyran to the final photoproduct that involves 1,5‐hydrogen migration.
Emotion elicitation during music listening: Subjective self‐reports, facial expression, and autonomic reactivity
Authors: Fuentes‐Sánchez Nieves , Pastor Raúl , Escrig Miguel A. , Elipe‐Miravet Marcel , Pastor M. Carmen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of music as emotional stimuli in experimental studies has grown in recent years. However, prior studies have mainly focused on self‐reports and central measures, with a few works exploring the time course of psychophysiological correlates. Moreover, most of the previous research has been carried out either from the dimensional or categorical model but not combining both approaches to emotions. This study aimed to investigate subjective and physiological correlates of emotion elicitation through music, following the three‐dimensional and the discrete emotion model. A sample of 50 healthy volunteers (25 women) took part in this experiment by listening to 42 film music excerpts (14 pleasant, 14 unpleasant, 14 neutral) presented during 8 s, while peripheral measures were continuously recorded. After music offset, affective dimensions (valence, energy arousal, and tension arousal) as well as discrete emotions (happiness, sadness, tenderness, fear, and anger) were collected using a 9‐point scale. Results showed an effect of the music category on subjective and psychophysiological measures. In peripheral physiology, greater electrodermal activity, heart rate acceleration, and zygomatic responses, besides lower corrugator amplitude, were observed for pleasant excerpts in comparison to neutral and unpleasant music, from 2 s after stimulus onset until the end of its duration. Overall, our results add evidence for the efficacy of standardized film music excerpts to evoke powerful emotions in laboratory settings; thus, opening a path to explore interventions based on music in pathologies with underlying emotion deregulatory processes.
Seismic line edge effects on plants, lichens and their environmental conditions in boreal peatlands of Northwest Alberta (Canada)
Authors: Dabros Anna , Higgins Kellina L. , Pinzon Jaime 
Published: June 2021

Boreal peatlands of Alberta (Canada) are heavily dissected by a large network of linear disturbances, including seismic lines used for Oil and Gas exploration. Edge effects resulting from these linear disturbances can increase their footprint and affect wildlife habitat, including the quality and quantity of plant and lichen forage. In 2012, seismic line restoration became a priority in Alberta, under the realm of restoration of habitat of threatened boreal woodland caribou. More accurate understanding of biotic and abiotic interactions leading to edge effects can be important in choosing appropriate restoration practices and prompting natural regeneration. We assessed the extent of edge effects of seismic lines on the adjacent boreal peatland near Peace River, northwestern Alberta. We compared plant and lichen community composition and environmental conditions on seismic lines and along 22 transects, which extended perpendicularly 75 m into the peatland from both lines edges. Soil moisture and light were higher on the lines, but frozen ground was less frequent than in the adjacent peatland. Seismic lines were also subsided by approximately 1.2 cm. Lichens were less abundant in the 2–25 m zone from the edge—indicating edge effects. On the lines,Sphagnumconstituted a nearly 100% cover while lichens, trees, herbs, and other bryophytes were less abundant than in the peatland. We demonstrate how knowledge of edge effects on plants and lichens could be applied in assessing caribou habitat quality based on forage availability and predation risk, and how such knowledge could inform restoration practices of seismic lines in peatlands.
Multiple mitochondrial haplotypes within individual specimens may interfere with species identification and biodiversity estimation by DNA barcoding and metabarcoding in fig wasps
Authors: Li Tian‐Chu , Wang Yan‐Kun , Sui Zhuo‐Xiao , Wang Tao , Nian Jing‐Zi , Jiang Jin‐Zhuang , Tang Ting , Liu Feng‐Song , Xiao Jin‐Hua , Huang Da‐Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccurate assessment of biodiversity is important for scientists, conservationists and policy makers. With the development of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding, many cryptic species have been identified based on the sequence diversity of a ‘barcode’ region in the mitochondrial genome. These molecular identifications have increased the estimated number of species on Earth ten‐fold. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy, in which multiple mitochondrial haplotypes coexist in a single organism, can interfere with the accuracy of these estimates. However, this phenomenon is still infrequently documented. The main reason is that it is difficult to distinguish heteroplasmic sequences from nuclear mitochondrial segments (Numts). We investigated the prevalence of multiple haplotypes in DNA barcoding sequences in fig wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera) by performing high‐throughput sequencing on individual specimens. DNA metabarcoding was artificially simulated by combining all the haplotype sequences. Using conventional DNA barcoding by Sanger sequencing, the 28 morphological species we studied were divided into 38 taxa, suggesting the existence of ten cryptic species. However, the haplotypes originating from a single specimen clustered into different cryptic species clades, which conflicted with the conventional barcoding results. Furthermore, when we artificially simulated DNA metabarcoding by mixing all haplotype sequences, the number of molecular operational taxonomic units (or putative species) was 3.2× the number of morphological species. These results indicate that the prevalence of multiple haplotypes within individual specimens may have an important impact on DNA barcode‐based species identification and biodiversity assessment more broadly.
Gender, Space, and Precarious Employment in Canada
Authors: Ali Waad K. , Newbold K. Bruce 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aims to examine how gendered precariousness is spatially patterned across Canada's landscape using Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey. We compare gender differences in distinct precarious forms of employment (PFEs) across a range of geographies, including national, provincial, census metropolitan areas, and urban/rural areas. We find that distinct spatial patterns and degree of gendered precariousness were evident within and across geographic spaces. Logit models further confirmed the robustness of gender differences in PFEs across space, revealing that PFEs were associated with gender, immigration status, age, type of economic family, education, income, and occupation. This study has implications for further understanding the causal factors at play in producing these uneven economic geographies. In terms of policy recommendations, this study calls for greater gender equity in social safety net policies, especially in the wake of the labor market shocks brought by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
A novel semantic recognition framework of urban functional zones supporting urban land structure analytics based on open‐source data
Authors: Du Zhuotong , Sui Haigang , Wang Jindi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo solve problems related to urban land development, protection, and management, urban planners focus on achieving high precision and currency for fine‐grained semantic recognition of urban functional zones (UFZs). The classification of discrete functional zones and qualitative recognition of UFZs have been well studied, but the precise recognition of UFZs with explicit depictions of socioeconomic urban functions has seldom been addressed. Thus, we propose a novel open‐source data‐guided semantic urban function recognition (OSD‐SFR) framework to analyze UFZs and quantitatively link open‐source data (OSD) with the Chinese national urban function classification code. The spatial relationship between the combined semantic database and the segmented urban zones data set was measured, graded, and categorized. Kernel density and statistical methods based on a single data source of points‐of interest were used for comparative experiments. The results indicate that OSD‐SFR yields more fine‐grained delineations between urban functions and achieves more accurate recognition. Critical semantic information from different OSD sources is deeply integrated. This study provides a realistic reference, including detailed descriptions of the spatial distribution and morphological structure of UFZs, to support long‐term city planning.
Connecting Biological Detail With Neural Computation: Application to the Cerebellar Granule–Golgi Microcircuit
Authors: Stöckel Andreas , Stewart Terrence C. , Eliasmith Chris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeurophysiology and neuroanatomy constrain the set of possible computations that can be performed in a brain circuit. While detailed data on brain microcircuits is sometimes available, cognitive modelers are seldom in a position to take these constraints into account. One reason for this is the intrinsic complexity of accounting for biological mechanisms when describing cognitive function. In this paper, we present multiple extensions to the neural engineering framework (NEF), which simplify the integration of low‐level constraints such as Dale's principle and spatially constrained connectivity into high‐level, functional models. We focus on a model of eyeblink conditioning in the cerebellum, and, in particular, on systematically constructing temporal representations in the recurrent granule–Golgi microcircuit. We analyze how biological constraints impact these representations and demonstrate that our overall model is capable of reproducing key properties of eyeblink conditioning. Furthermore, since our techniques facilitate variation of neurophysiological parameters, we gain insights into why certain neurophysiological parameters may be as observed in nature. While eyeblink conditioning is a somewhat primitive form of learning, we argue that the same methods apply for more cognitive models as well. We implemented our extensions to the NEF in an open‐source software library named “NengoBio” and hope that this work inspires similar attempts to bridge low‐level biological detail and high‐level function.
The evidence of a macrophage barrier in the xenotransplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells to severely immunodeficient rats
Authors: Furuya Kinji , Zheng Yun‐Wen , Ge Jian‐Yun , Zhang Ludi , Furuta Tomoaki , Liang Chen , Abe Haruna , Yagi Hiroya , Hamada Hiromi , Isoda Hiroko , Hui Lijian , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro , Oda Tatsuya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe human‐to‐rat hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) model is rare, unlike its human‐to‐mouse counterpart. The rat models are desired, especially in areas of physiology, toxicology, and pharmacology. In addition to lymphocytes, macrophages are also considered to be important for xenotransplantation. We generated a rat xenotransplantation model to prove the role of macrophages as a xenotransplantation barrier.MethodsImmunodeficiency in SRG rats, which are Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats lacking Rag2 and Il2rg, was confirmed by flow cytometry and spleen immunostaining. Human umbilical cord blood was collected after scheduled cesarean section at the University of Tsukuba Hospital. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CB‐MNCs) were transplanted into the SRG rats administered several injections of clodronate liposome (CL), which cause macrophage depletion. Survival of human cells was observed by flow cytometry. Rat macrophage phagocytosis assay was performed to check the species‐specific effects of rat macrophages on injected human/rat blood cells.ResultsSRG rats were deficient in T/B/NK cells. Without CL pretreatment, human CB‐MNCs were removed from SRG rats within 7 hours after transplantation. The rats pretreated with CL could survive after transplantation. Prolonged survival for more than 4 weeks was observed only following a one‐time CL injection. Rat macrophages had a species‐specific potential for the phagocytosis of human blood cells in vivo.ConclusionIn human‐to‐rat HSCT, the short period of early macrophage control, leading to macrophage immunotolerance, is important for engraftment. The generated model can be useful for the creation of future xenotransplantation models or other clinical research.
Nilpotent superfields for broken abelian symmetries
Authors: Aldabergenov Yermek , Chatrabhuti Auttakit , Isono Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe find new solutions to real cubic constraints on $$N=1$$

N
=
1

chiral superfields transforming under global abelian symmetries. These solutions describe the low-energy dynamics of a goldstino interacting with an axion (both belonging to the same chiral superfield) with non-linearly realized supersymmetry. We show the relation between our model and the approach of Komargodski and Seiberg for describing goldstino-axion dynamics which uses orthogonal nilpotent superfields.
The Predictive Factors of Displacement of Adult Distal End Radius Fracture Treated with Casting
Authors: Mimura Tetsuhiko , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Hayashi Masanori , Isobe Fumihiro , Kitamura Yo 
Published: June 2021

Background: In the conservative management of distal radial fractures (DRFs), the optimal dorsi-volar angulation of the wrist at cast immobilization and proper cast molding to minimize the risk of redisplacement are unclear. This study identified the predictors of fracture redisplacement during cast immobilization for adult DRFs. Methods: We examined for dorsi-volar angulation, gap index, volar tilt (VT), radial inclination (RI), and radial length (RL) in lateral or posteroanterior radiographs of 90 DRFs. We investigated possible predisposition factors for redisplacement including patient age, sex, extra- or intra-articular fracture, metaphyseal comminution, original displacements, dorsi-volar angulation of the wrist at cast immobilization, restoration of the volar cortex at cast immobilization, and gap index of the cast. Results: Neither dorsi-volar angulation nor gap index had significant association with an unacceptable alignment nor decrease of VT, RI, and RL. In multivariate analysis, patient age, original displacement, and intra-articular fracture were the significant predictors of an unacceptable alignment or decrease of VT and RI. Conclusions: Our findings indicate dorsi-volar angulation and cast molding quality have no clinical effect on preventing fracture redisplacement. The predictive factors of the displacement were patient age, original displacement, and intra-articular fracture.
Modified Staged Finkelstein Test for the Identification of Intracompartmental Septum in Patients with De Quervain’s Disease
Authors: Yeom Ji Woong , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Park Min Jong , Choi Soo-Jung , Lee Ki Won , Lee Hyun Il 
Published: June 2021

Background: The intracompartmental septum isolating the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) has been reported to affect the patient’s response to nonsurgical treatment in de Quervain’s disease. A simple physical test called the modified staged Finkelstein test was developed to evaluate the septum; the result of this test was compared with those of the pre-existing physical test (EPB entrapment test) and ultrasonographic (US) examination of the septum. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 52 patients who underwent two clinical tests, including the modified staged Finkelstein test and the EPB entrapment test, and US examination for de Quervain’s disease. The correlation between the clinical test results and US findings was evaluated; sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: The proportion of wrists with a separate septum was 50% (26 patients) in the US examination. The sensitivity and specificity of the modified staged Finkelstein test were 88.5% and 73.1%, respectively; those of EPB entrapment test were 71.4% and 84.2%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the modified staged Finkelstein test were 76.7% and 86.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The modified staged Finkelstein test showed acceptable diagnostic values for the diagnosis of septum compared with pre-existing physical tests. Knowledge about the existence of septum could be helpful in treating patients and expecting prognosis.