bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usability of a Mobile App for Real-Time Assessment of Fatigue and Related Symptoms in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Observational Study
Authors: Palotai Miklos , Wallack Max , Kujbus Gergo , Dalnoki Adam , Guttmann Charles 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAlthough fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), its pathogenesis is not well understood. Neurogenic, inflammatory, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms have been proposed. Taking into account the temporal dynamics and comorbid mood symptoms of fatigue may help differentiate fatigue phenotypes. These phenotypes may reflect different pathogeneses and may respond to different mechanism-specific treatments. Although several tools have been developed to assess various symptoms (including fatigue), monitor clinical status, or improve the perceived level of fatigue in patients with MS, options for a detailed, real-time assessment of MS-related fatigue and relevant comorbidities are still limited.ObjectiveThis study aims to present a novel mobile app specifically designed to differentiate fatigue phenotypes using circadian symptom monitoring and state-of-the-art characterization of MS-related fatigue and its related symptoms. We also aim to report the first findings regarding patient compliance and the relationship between compliance and patient characteristics, including MS disease severity.MethodsAfter developing the app, we used it in a prospective study designed to investigate the brain magnetic resonance imaging correlates of MS-related fatigue. In total, 64 patients with MS were recruited into this study and asked to use the app over a 2-week period. The app features the following modules: Visual Analogue Scales (VASs) to assess circadian changes in fatigue, depression, anxiety, and pain; daily sleep diaries (SLDs) to assess sleep habits and quality; and 10 one-time questionnaires to assess fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleepiness, physical activity, and motivation, as well as several other one-time questionnaires that were created to assess those relevant aspects of fatigue that were not captured by existing fatigue questionnaires. The app prompts subjects to assess their symptoms multiple times a day and enables real-time symptom monitoring through a web-accessible portal.ResultsOf 64 patients, 56 (88%) used the app, of which 51 (91%) completed all one-time questionnaires and 47 (84%) completed all one-time questionnaires, VASs, and SLDs. Patients reported no issues with the usage of the app, and there were no technical issues with our web-based data collection system. The relapsing-remitting MS to secondary-progressive MS ratio was significantly higher in patients who completed all one-time questionnaires, VASs, and SLDs than in those who completed all one-time questionnaires but not all VASs and SLDs (P=.01). No other significant differences in demographics, fatigue, or disease severity were observed between the degrees of compliance.ConclusionsThe app can be used with reasonable compliance across patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive MS irrespective of demographics, fatigue, or disease severity.
Factors Influencing Clinicians’ Willingness to Prescribe Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Persons at High Risk of HIV in China: Cross-sectional Online Survey Study
Authors: Cui Sitong , Ding Haibo , Huang Xiaojie , Wang Hui , Tang Weiming , Leuba Sequoia I , Ye Zehao , Jiang Yongjun , Geng Wenqing , Xu Junjie , Shang Hong 
Published: April 2021

Background
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention measure. Clinicians play a crucial role in PrEP implementation, and their knowledge, attitudes, and career experience may affect their willingness to prescribe PrEP. However, little is known about the attitudes and willingness of clinicians to prescribe PrEP in countries without PrEP-specific guidelines.

Objective
We aimed to determine the factors associated with clinicians being willing to prescribe PrEP in China.

Methods
Between May and June 2019, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey of clinicians in 31 provinces across the six administrative regions in China on the WeChat smartphone app platform. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with willingness to prescribe PrEP.

Results
Overall, 777 HIV clinicians completed the survey. Most of the respondents had heard of PrEP (563/777, 72.5%), 31.9% (248/777) thought that PrEP was extremely effective for reducing the risk of HIV infection, and 47.2% (367/777) thought that it was necessary to provide PrEP to high-risk groups. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and educational background of the clinicians, the following factors signiﬁcantly increased the odds of the clinicians being willing to prescribe PrEP: having worked for more than 10 years, compared to 5 years or less (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.82, 95% CI 1.96-4.05); having treated more than 100 patients living with HIV per month, compared to 50 patients or fewer (aOR 4.16, 95% CI 2.85-6.08); and having heard of PrEP (aOR 7.32, 95% CI 4.88-10.97). Clinicians were less likely to be willing to prescribe PrEP if they were concerned about poor adherence to PrEP (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.88), the lack of PrEP clinical guidelines (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.32-0.70), and the lack of drug indications for PrEP (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.76).

Conclusions
About half of all clinicians surveyed were willing to prescribe PrEP, but most surveyed had a low understanding of PrEP. Lack of PrEP clinical guidelines, lack of drug indications, and less than 11 years of work experience were the main barriers to the surveyed clinicians’ willingness to prescribe PrEP. Development of PrEP clinical guidelines and drug indications, as well as increasing the availability of PrEP training, could help improve understanding of PrEP among clinicians and, thus, increase the number willing to prescribe PrEP.
The effect of midodrine on lactate clearance in patients with septic shock: a pilot study
Authors: Davoudi-Monfared Effat , Mohammadi Mostafa , Khoshavi Meysam , Khalili Hossein 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The effect of midodrine on lactate clearance has not been assessed in critically ill patients yet.
Objective:
The goal of this study was to assess the effect of adjunctive midodrine therapy on lactate clearance in patients with septic shock.
Materials & methods:
Patients with septic shock were assigned to receive either adjunctive midodrine 10 mg three-times a day for 5 days (midodrine group = 15 patients) or not (control group = 13 patients).
Results:
The lactate clearance was significantly faster in the midodrine group than the control group (p = 0.049) with a large effect size (

η
p
2

= 0.141).
Conclusion:
When midodrine was added to intravenous vasopressors, it significantly accelerated lactate clearance in patients with septic shock.

Trial registration number: IRCT20100228003449N25 (Clinicaltrials.gov).
Stoneley Wave Predicted Permeability and Electrofacies Correlation in the Bangestan Reservoir, Mansouri Oilfield, SW Iran
Authors: Soleimani Bahman , Moradi Mehrdad , Ghabeishavi Ali 
Published: April 2021

Reservoir characterization is one of the most important goals for the development of any oilfield. Determination of permeability and rock types are of prime importance to judge reservoir quality. In this research, Stoneley waves from dipole sonic tools were used in order to discover changes in permeability in the Bangestan reservoir, Mansouri oilfield. Index (tortuosity) could be estimated by Stoneley waves. After comparing the permeability resulting from Stoneley waves, cores and the Timur method, it was concluded that all the three permeabilities were very similar. The core porosity and effective porosity from the analysis of well logs were found to match as well. Electrofacies (EF) method, as a clustering method, was utilized to find rock types in order to define reservoir and non-reservoir zones. Simultaneous with EF clustering, gamma ray, neutron porosity, density, sonic, water saturation and porosity (PHIE) data from 78 wells were also considered and interpreted. Nine clusters were defined as a result of the analysis, being reduced to only four clusters after applying PC (capillary pressure) data. Among the four clusters, clusters 1 and 2 contained more vuggy pores than the others. Fracture abundance and solution seams were observed more frequently in EF-3 as compared to other EFs. Based on the matrix type, Archie porosity classification types I and III were recognized. The pore sizes in EFs-1 and 2 were mostly of the B type while in EF-3, it was A type. The EFs generated and determined by Stoneley waves and the well log data were also compared, showing a good correlation.
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) Insertion Success and Optimal Placement with New Technology: A Pre-Post Cohort Study
Authors: Nicholas Megan , Larsen Emily N. , Rickard Claire M. , Mihala Gabor , Groom Peter , Marsh Nicole 
Published: April 2021

Highlights

Abstract
Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are commonly placed with the assistance of fluoroscopy or medical imaging, ultrasound, electrocardiogram guidance, or all the above. Innovative ultrasound technologies continue to emerge; however, the impact upon clinical outcomes is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to compare outcomes of an existing ultrasound system with SHERLOCK 3CG™ Tip Confirmation (preintervention) to an updated SHERLOCK 3CG Diamond Tip Confirmation system, incorporating catheter-to-vein ratio measurement capabilities and an advanced magnetic-based tip navigation system (postintervention).
Methods: In this prospective pre-post cohort study, we recruited adult patients requiring a new PICC. The study was conducted at a quaternary hospital in Queensland, Australia. Data were collected between May 2017 (4 months before equipment introduction) and January 2018 (4 months after equipment introduction), with a 1-month exclusion (education or learning) period in between. Patient, PICC, and device removal details were collected. The primary outcome was first-time insertion success, defined as successful PICC insertion after a single attempt (skin puncture), with the tip confirmed in an optimal location by the navigation system and a subsequent chest x-ray (as per hospital policy).
Results: There were 503 participants with patient demographics and PICC characteristics balanced between the preintervention (n = 266) and postintervention (n = 237) groups. First-time insertion success was higher in the preintervention group (203/255, 80%) than the postintervention group (166/226, 73%), but this was not statistically significant (risk ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.83–1.02).
Conclusions: There was no change in clinical outcomes with the use of next-generation ultrasound technology. These results justify future large studies and subsequent review into the efficacy of tip-confirmation systems and processes to maintain patient safety.
Osteoblast lineage cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts regulate orthodontic tooth movement that is dependent on Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation
Authors: Jeon Hyeran Helen , Yang Chia-Ying , Shin Min Kyung , Wang Jingyi , Patel Juhin Hiren , Chung Chun-Hsi , Graves Dana T. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the role of NF-κB in osteoblast lineage cells and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Materials and Methods
Transgenic mice that expressed a dominant negative mutant of the inhibitor of kB kinase (IKK-DN) with lineage specific expression in osteoblastic cells and PDL fibroblasts driven by a response element in the collagen1α1 promoter and matched wild-type (WT) mice were examined. A 10-12 g force was applied by a NiTi coil and maintained for 5 or 12 days. OTM distance, PDL width, and bone volume fraction were measured using micro computed tomography. Osteoclast numbers were counted in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained sections. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) was assessed by nuclear localization of p65, and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was measured by immunofluorescence and compared to control specimens with no orthodontic force.

Results
OTM-induced NF-kB activation (p65 nuclear localization) in WT mice was largely blocked in transgenic (TG) mice. OTM was significantly reduced in the TG mice compared to WT mice along with reduced osteoclastogenesis, narrower PDL width, higher bone volume fraction, and reduced RANKL expression.

Conclusions
Osteoblast lineage cells and PDL fibroblasts are key contributors to alveolar bone remodeling in OTM through IKKβ dependent NF-κB activation.
Improving Students’ Civic Education Achievement Through Picture
Authors: Asnafiyah Asnafiyah , Hastuti Yuli Widi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKHasil pre-observasi menunjukkan guru PKn di kelas II SDN 2 Kajoran, Klaten Selatan, belum pernah menggunakan media pembelajaran. Nilai PKn siswa pada Ujian Tengah Semester masih rendah. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar PKn dengan menggunakan media gambar. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah: 1. Bagaimana proses pembelajaran selama pra siklus PKn siswa kelas II SDN 2 Kajoran, Klaten Selatan? 2. Seberapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar PKn siswa kelas II SDN 2 Kajoran, Klaten Selatan, setelah menggunakan media gambar? Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui lembar post test, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1. Proses pembelajaran selama pra siklus tidak menarik. 2. Pembelajaran PKn menggunakan gambar pada siklus I menunjukkan nilai rata-rata 85,7 dengan kriteria “baik” dan ketuntasan belajar 60% atau 6 dari 10 siswa tuntas. Siklus II menunjukkan nilai rata-rata 87,5 dengan kriteria “baik” dan ketuntasan belajar 80% atau 8 dari 10 siswa tuntas. Hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran PKn meningkat setelah menggunakan media gambar. Kata Kunci: Hasil belajar kognitif, PKn, dan Media gambar
Implementasi Pendidikan Spiritual Dalam Meningkatkan Akhlak Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Subulas Salam Selobekiti Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Mabruri Muhammad Dimyati , Musnandar Aris 
Published: April 2021

Penerapan nilai-nilai akhlak di pondok pesantren menjadi hal yang utama. Penerapan ini dilaksanakan dalam berbagai kegiatan, baik bersifat formal maupun non formal, mengingat pondok pesantren memiliki pendidikan formal. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatf dan menggunakan kualitatif yang mengedepankan fenomena yang dialami oleh subjek berupa perilaku, persepsi, pandangan, dan motivasi. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi, sebagai sumber informasi adalah para civitas pondok pesantren Subulas Salam Selobekiti kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Malang. Data dianalisis melalui tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Selanjutnya pengecekan keabsahan data dengan uji kredibilatas untuk menguji kevalidan data. Hasil penelitian: (1) implementasi nilai-nilai akhlak di pondok pesantren Subulas Salam melalui kegiatan rutin dan wajib, Bentuk implementasi berupa perilaku tawadlu, perilaku disiplin, perilaku hidup sederhana, dan perilaku jujur perkataan dan perbuatan, (2) kegiatan spiritual yang telah diterapkan menjadi harapan semua pihak termasuk santri dalam bertindak dan bersikap yang dibarengi penerapan nilai-nilai salaf untuk mewujudkan nilai tawadlu’, nilai kedisplinan, nilai kejujuran, dan nilai kesederhanaan, dan (3) relevansi nilai-nilai spiritual terhadap santri, yaitu terbentuknya perilaku tawadlu, penggunaan waktu yang baik, kegiatan ubudiyah dan amaliyah, dan kejujuran perkataan dan perbuatan.
Pertumbuhan tunas kunyit tinggi kurkumin pada berbagai jenis sitokinin dan auksin secara in vitro
Authors: Suminar Erni , Sobarna Denny Sobardini , Mubarok Syariful , Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih , Setiawan Ade 
Published: April 2021

Abstrak. Kunyit merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional, bumbu dapur, serta zat pewarna alami, sehingga kebutuhannya mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Penyediaan bibit yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi dalam jumlah banyak dapat dilakukan dengan metode kultur in vitro, namun perlu optimasi media yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari komposisi zat pengatur tumbuh yang dapat memberikan pertumbuhan planlet yang lebih vigor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan terdiri dari penggunaan sitokinin dan auksin pada eksplan kunyit yang diulang tiga kali. Media Murashige and Skoog (MS) digunakan sebagai media dasar dengan perlakuan kombinasi antara tipe dan konsentrasi sitokinin (9 mg L-1 benzyl amino purine; 1,0 mg L-1 Thidiazuron; 0,1 mg L-1 Zeatin) dengan auksin (0,01 mg L-1 dan 1 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap perubah jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, dan jumlah daun pada 12 minggu setelah tanam. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa 9 mg L-1 benzyl amino purine + 0,1 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tunas dan jumlah daun. Media dengan penambahan 1,0 mg L-1 Thidiazuron + 0,1 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid menghasilkan jumlah tunas yang lebih banyak, dan plantlet dari media 1,0 mg L-1 Thidiazuron + 0,01 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid memiliki jumlah stomata yang tertinggi.Kata Kunci: BAP, In vitro, Kunyit, NAA, TDZ, Zeatin Abstract. Turmeric is a plant that is widely used as raw material for traditional medicines, spices, and natural dye, so that their needs increased every year. Supply of high productivity seedlings in large quantities can use in vitro culture, but it is necessary to optimize the appropriate media. This study aims to find the composition of plant growth regulators that can provide vigorous plantlet growth. The experimental design used completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of cytokinins and auxins in turmeric explants which were repeated three times. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media were used as base media. The treatments were combination of cytokinin types and concentrations (9 mg L-1 benzyl amino purine; 1.0 mg L-1 Thidiazuron; 0.1 mg L-1 Zeatin) with auxin concentrations (0.01 mg L-1 and 1 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid). Observations were made on changes in the number of shoots, shoot height, and number of leaves at 12 weeks after planting. The results showed that 9 mg L-1 benzyl amino purine + 0.1 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid affected shoot height and leaves number. Media with the addition of 1.0 mg L-1 Thidiazuron + 0.1 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid produced a higher number of shoots. Media of 1.0 mg L-1 Thidiazuron + 0.01 mg L-1 Naphthalene Acetic Acid gave the highest planlet stomata.Keywords: BAP, In vitro, NAA, TDZ, Turmeric
Pengaruh air kelapa sebagai sitokinin organik dan sukrosa terhadap pertumbuhan protocorm anggrek (Phalaenopsis hybrid MP 253 x F1 3363 (M)) in vitro
Authors: Isyraq Muhammad , Amalia Lia , Aisyah Iis 
Published: April 2021

Abstrak. Sitokinin dan sukrosa dibutuhkan untuk meregenerasi protocorm anggrek. Air kelapa diketahui memiliki kandungan sitokinin sehingga berpotensi dijadikan sebagai sitokinin organik. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa sebagai sitokinin organik dan sukrosa terhadap pertumbuhan protocorm anggrek. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Winaya Mukti, Kecamatan Tanjungsari Kabupaten Sumedang. Percobaan dimulai pada bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor dan diulang dua kali. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi air kelapa, terdiri dari lima taraf yaitu 0 mL L-1, 50 mL L-1, 100 mL L-1, air kelapa 150 mL L-1, dan air kelapa 200 mL L-. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi sukrosa dengan lima taraf, yaitu 0 g L-1, 10 g L-1, 20 g L-1, 30 g L-1 dan 40 g L-1. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan terjadi pengaruh interaksi pada pengamatan jumlah daun umur 12 MST dan bobot segar protocorm. Perlakuan air kelapa 50 mL L-1 dengan tanpa sukrosa menunjukkan jumlah daun yang paling baik dari perlakuan lainnya. Bobot segar protocorm menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik pada umur 12 MST pada konsentrasi air kelapa 100 mL L-1 dengan tanpa sukrosa.Kata kunci: Air Kelapa, In vitro, Protocorm anggrek, Sukrosa. Abstract. Cytokinins and sucrose are needed to regenerate orchid protocorms. Coconut water contains cytokinin so that it has the potential to be used as organic cytokinin. This experiment aims to study the effect of coconut water and sucrose concentrations on the growth of orchid protocorms. This experiment was carried out at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University Winaya Mukti Tanjungsari, Sumedang. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2019. The experimental design used a randomized block design with two factors and was repeated twice. The first factor was coconut water concentration, consisted by five levels: 0 mL L-1, 50 mL L-1, 100 mL L-1, 150 mL L-1, and 200 mL L-1. The second factor was sucrose concentration, consisted by five levels: 0 mL L-1, 10 g L-1, 20 g L-1, 30 g L-1 and 40 g L-1. The results of the experiment showed that there were the interaction effect of coconut water and sucrose concentrations on the number of leaves and fresh weight of protocorms. Treatment of 50 mL L-1 coconut water treatment with no sucrose showed the best number of leaves, compared to other treatments. The best fresh weight of protocorm was given by treatment of coconut water 100 mL L-1 without sucrose.Keywords: Coconut water, In vitro, Orchid protocorm, Sucrose.
Measuring fraud and earnings management by a case of study: Evidence from an international family business
Authors: Ramírez-Orellana Alicia , Martínez-Romero María J. , Mariño-Garrido Teresa 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to estimate the probability of fraud and earnings management for a specific Spanish family business, Pescanova. In the context of financial statements, the Beneish model is used to detect fraudulent behavior. Our findings reveal that Pescanova presented propensity to commit fraud and carried out aggressive accounting practices before the disclosure of its financial problems. The manipulation index and the probability of manipulation are used as indicators of fraud and earnings management. Results also show that Pescanova made aggressive accounting practices, through the manipulation of Day's sales in receivables indexand Total accruals to total assets. Next, we provided evidence that the Sales Growth index and Leverage index are aligned with the position of technical default shown by the pre-bankruptcy board of Pescanova. Our main contribution is demonstrating the validity of the model for the case of Pescanova. Therefore, the application of the Beneish model might have detected fraudulent behavior, in the years prior to Pescanova's collapse.