bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunothrombosis and new-onset atrial fibrillation in the general population: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Tilly Martijn J. , Geurts Sven , Donkel Samantha J. , Ikram M. Arfan , de Groot Natasja M. S. , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related cardiac arrhythmia. The etiology underlying AF is still largely unknown. At the intersection of the innate immune system and hemostasis, immunothrombosis may be a possible cause of atrial remodeling, and therefore be an underlying cause of AF.

Methods
From 1990 to 2014, we followed participants aged 55 and over, free from AF at inclusion. Immunothrombosis factors fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, ADAMTS13, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) levels were measured at baseline. Participants were followed until either onset of AF, loss-to-follow-up, or reaching the end-date of 01-01-2014. Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
We followed 6174 participants (mean age 69.1 years, 57% women) for a median follow-up time of 12.8 years. 364 men (13.7%, incidence rate 13.0/1000 person-years) and 365 women (10.4%, incidence rate 8.9/1000 person-years) developed AF. We found no significant association between markers of immunothrombosis and new-onset AF after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors [HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.93–1.08) for fibrinogen, 1.04 (0.97–1.12) for von Willebrand factor, 1.00 (1.00–1.01) for ADAMTS13, and 1.01 (0.94–1.09) for NETs]. In addition, we found no differences in associations between men and women.

Conclusion
We found no associations between markers of immunothrombosis and new-onset AF in the general population. Inflammation and immunothrombosis may be associated with AF through other cardiovascular risk factors or predisposing conditions of AF. Our findings challenge the added value of biomarkers in AF risk prediction.

Graphic abstract
China’s ban of imported recyclable waste and its impact on the waste plastic recycling industry in China and Taiwan
Authors: Yoshida Aya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 2017 the Chinese government announced to a ban on the importation of several kinds of recyclable waste that could be replaced by domestic recyclable waste. Current research on this subject has placed an emphasis on the issues faced by exporting countries and Southeast Asia as an alternative destination of plastic wastes. However, there has been little study on changes in the waste recycling industry in China and other export destinations such as Taiwan. In this study, I conducted a field survey in China and Taiwan and reviewed the history of Chinese recyclable waste import policy and its impacts on plastic recycling industries. The results show that China switched from directly importing waste plastics from exporting countries to importing recycled pellets via third-party countries, primarily from Southeast Asia. Although Taiwan’s import volume of waste plastics has increased since 2018, improper (i.e. illegal) imports such as those commonly reported in Southeast Asian countries have not been reported in Taiwan. Even after Taiwan implemented tightened import controls in October 2018, it was still able to import enough recycled waste to meet domestic demand. The case of Taiwan shows that proper import controls can contribute to a more sustainable global circular economy.
Torsion Pairs and Ringel Duality for Schur Algebras
Authors: Erdmann Karin , Law Stacey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLet A be a finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field. We use a functorial approach involving torsion pairs to construct embeddings of endomorphism algebras of basic projective A–modules P into those of the torsion submodules of P. As an application, we show that blocks of both the classical and quantum Schur algebras S(2,r) and Sq(2,r) in characteristic p > 0 are Morita equivalent as quasi-hereditary algebras to their Ringel duals if they contain 2pk simple modules for some k.
Techniques for Turbulence Tripping of Boundary Layers in RANS Simulations
Authors: Tabatabaei Narges , Vinuesa Ricardo , Örlü Ramis , Schlatter Philipp 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe exact placement of the laminar–turbulent transition has a significant effect on relevant characteristics of the boundary layer and aerodynamics, such as drag, heat transfer and flow separation on e.g. wings and turbine blades. Tripping, which fixes the transition position, has been a valuable aid to wind-tunnel testing during the past 70 years, because it makes the transition independent of the local condition of the free-stream. Tripping helps to obey flow similarity for scaled models and serves as a passive control mechanism. Fundamental fluid-mechanics studies and many engineering developments are based on tripped cases. Therefore, it is essential for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to replicate the same forced transition, in spite of the advanced improvements in transition modelling. In the last decade, both direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulations (LES) include tripping methods in an effort to avoid the need for modeling the complex mechanisms associated with the natural transition process, which we would like to bring over to Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models. This paper investigates the implementation and performance of such a technique in RANS and specifically in the $$k-\omega$$

k
-
ω

SST model. This study assesses RANS tripping with three alternatives: First, a recent approach of turbulence generation, denoted as turbulence-injection method (kI), is evaluated and investigated through different test cases; second, a predefined transition point is used in a traditional transition model (denoted as IM method); and third a novel formulation combining the two previous methods is proposed, denoted $$\gamma -k$$

γ
-
k

I. The model is compared with DNS, LES and experimental data in a variety of test cases ranging from a turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate to the three-dimensional (3D) flow over a wing section. The desired tripping is achieved at the target location and the simulation results compare very well with the reference results. With the application of the novel model, the challenging transition region can be excluded from a simulation, and consequently more reliable results can be provided.
Incorporating dwelling mounds into induced seismic risk analysis for the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands
Authors: Kruiver Pauline P. , Pefkos Manos , Meijles Erik , Aalbersberg Gerard , Campman Xander , van der Veen Wim , Martin Antony , Ooms-Asshoff Kira , Bommer Julian J. , Rodriguez-Marek Adrian , Pinho Rui , Crowley Helen , Cavalieri Francesco , Correia António A. , van Elk Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to inform decision-making regarding measures to mitigate the impact of induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands, a comprehensive seismic risk model has been developed. Starting with gas production scenarios and the consequent reservoir compaction, the model generates synthetic earthquake catalogues which are deployed in Monte Carlo analyses, predicting ground motions at a buried reference rock horizon that are combined with nonlinear amplification factors to estimate response spectral accelerations at the surface. These motions are combined with fragility functions defined for the exposed buildings throughout the region to estimate damage levels, which in turn are transformed to risk in terms of injury through consequence functions. Several older and potentially vulnerable buildings are located on dwelling mounds that were constructed from soils and organic material as a flood defence. These anthropogenic structures are not included in the soil profile models used to develop the amplification factors and hence their influence has not been included in the risk analyses to date. To address this gap in the model, concerted studies have been identified to characterize the dwelling mounds. These include new shear-wave velocity measurements that have enabled dynamic site response analyses to determine the modification of ground shaking due to the presence of the mound. A scheme has then been developed to incorporate the dwelling mounds into the risk calculations, which included an assessment of whether the soil-structure interaction effects for buildings founded on the mounds required modification of the seismic fragility functions.
Reduced menin expression leads to decreased ERα expression and is correlated with the occurrence of human luminal B-like and ER-negative breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Teinturier Romain , Abou Ziki Razan , Kassem Loay , Luo Yakun , Malbeteau Lucie , Gherardi Samuele , Corbo Laura , Bertolino Philippe , Bachelot Thomas , Treilleux Isabelle , Zhang Chang Xian , Le Romancer Muriel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Menin, encoded by the MEN1 gene, was recently reported to be involved in breast cancers, though the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study, we sought to further determine its role in mammary cells.

Methods
Menin expression in mammary lesions from mammary-specific Men1 mutant mice was detected using immunofluorescence staining. RT-qPCR and western blot were performed to determine the role of menin in ERα expression in human breast cancer cell lines. ChIP-qPCR and reporter gene assays were carried out to dissect the action of menin on the proximal ESR1 promoter. Menin expression in female patients with breast cancer was analyzed and its correlation with breast cancer subtypes was investigated.

Results
Immunofluorescence staining revealed that early mammary neoplasia in Men1 mutant mice displayed weak ERα expression. Furthermore, MEN1 silencing led to both reduced ESR1 mRNA and ERα protein expression in MCF7 and T47D cells. To further dissect the regulation of ESR1 transcription by menin, we examined whether and in which way menin could regulate the proximal ESR1 promoter, which has not been fully explored. Using ChIP analysis and reporter gene assays covering − 2500 bp to + 2000 bp of the TSS position, we showed that the activity of the proximal ESR1 promoter was markedly reduced upon menin downregulation independently of H3K4me3 status. Importantly, by analyzing the expression of menin in 354 human breast cancers, we found that a lower expression was associated with ER-negative breast cancer (P = 0.041). Moreover, among the 294 ER-positive breast cancer samples, reduced menin expression was not only associated with larger tumors (P = 0.01) and higher SBR grades (P = 0.005) but also with the luminal B-like breast cancer subtype (P = 0.006). Consistent with our clinical data, we demonstrated that GATA3 and FOXA1, co-factors in ESR1 regulation, interact physically with menin in MCF7 cells, and MEN1 knockdown led to altered protein expression of GATA3, the latter being a known marker of the luminal A subtype, in MCF7 cells.

Conclusion
Taken together, our data provide clues to the important role of menin in ERα regulation and the formation of breast cancer subtypes.
An Artist and a Writer: YA Literature by Anna Höglund
Authors: Palo Annbritt , Nordenstam Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article highlights the interpictorality in two YA books by the Swedish writer and illustrator Anna Höglund,Om detta talar man endast med kaniner[This Is Something You Only Talk About with Rabbits] (2013) andAtt vara jag[To Be Me] (2015). The analysis of the visual intertextuality between pieces of artwork by Peter Tillberg, Frida Kahlo, Lena Cronqvist, Richard Bergh and René Magritte and five pictures from Höglund’s books thematises school, body and identity. The discursive positioning in the artworks and in Höglund’s pictures directs the readers in their decoding of Höglund’s text, offers possibilities in their interpretations and challenges the adolescent readers to make connections across different formats, such as text and image, and between different images.
The use of flow diagnostics to rank model ensembles
Authors: Watson Francesca , Krogstad Stein , Lie Knut-Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnsembles of geomodels provide an opportunity to investigate a range of parameters and possible operational outcomes for a reservoir. Full-featured dynamic modelling of all ensemble members is often computationally unfeasible, however some form of modelling, allowing us to discriminate between ensemble members based on their flow characteristics, is required. Flow diagnostics (based on a single-phase, steady-state simulation) can provide tools for analysing flow patterns in reservoir models but can be calculated in a much shorter time than a full-physics simulation. Heterogeneity measures derived from flow diagnostics can be used as proxies for oil recovery. More advanced flow diagnostic techniques can also be used to estimate recovery. With these tools we can rank ensemble members and choose a subset of models, representing a range of possible outcomes, which can then be simulated further. We demonstrate two types of flow diagnostics. The first are based on volume-averaged travel times, calculated on a cell by cell basis from a given flow field. The second use residence time distributions, which take longer to calculate but are more accurate and allow for direct estimation of recovery volumes. Additionally we have developed new metrics which work better for situations where we have a non-uniform initial saturation, e.g., a reservoir with an oil cap. Three different ensembles are analysed: Egg, Norne, and Brugge. Very good correlation, in terms of model ranking and recovery estimates, is found between flow diagnostics and full simulations for all three ensembles using both the cell-averaged and residence time based diagnostics.
What is a Conspiracy Theory?
Authors: Napolitano M. Giulia , Reuter Kevin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn much of the current academic and public discussion, conspiracy theories are portrayed as a negative phenomenon, linked to misinformation, mistrust in experts and institutions, and political propaganda. Rather surprisingly, however, philosophers working on this topic have been reluctant to incorporate a negatively evaluative aspect when either analyzing or engineering the concept conspiracy theory. In this paper, we present empirical data on the nature of the concept conspiracy theory from five studies designed to test the existence, prevalence and exact form of an evaluative dimension to the ordinary concept conspiracy theory. These results reveal that, while there is a descriptive concept of conspiracy theory, the predominant use of conspiracy theory is deeply evaluative, encoding information about epistemic deficiency and often also derogatory and disparaging information. On the basis of these results, we present a new strategy for engineering conspiracy theory to promote theoretical investigations and institutional discussions of this phenomenon. We argue for engineering conspiracy theory to encode an epistemic evaluation, and to introduce a descriptive expression—such as ‘conspiratorial explanation’—to refer to the purely descriptive concept conspiracy theory.
On the Harm of Imposing Risk of Harm
Authors: Maheshwari Kritika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat is wrong with imposing pure risks, that is, risks that don’t materialize into harm? According to a popular response, imposing pure risks is pro tanto wrong, when and because risk itself is harmful. Call this the Harm View. Defenders of this view make one of the following two claims. On the Constitutive Claim, pure risk imposition is pro tanto wrong when and because risk constitutes diminishing one’s well-being viz. preference-frustration or setting-back their legitimate interest in autonomy. On the Contingent Claim, pure risk imposition is pro tanto wrong when and because risk has harmful consequences for the risk-bearers, such as psychological distress. This paper argues that the Harm View is plausible only on the Contingent Claim, but fails on the Constitutive Claim. In discussing the latter, I argue that both the preference and autonomy account fail to show that risk itself is constitutively harmful and thereby wrong. In discussing the former, I argue that risk itself is contingently harmful and thereby wrong but only in a narrow range of cases. I conclude that while the Harm View can sometimes explain the wrong of imposing risk when (and because) risk itself is contingently harmful, it is unsuccessful as a general, exhaustive account of what makes pure imposition wrong.
Universal gates with wires in a row
Authors: Salo Ville 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe give some optimal size generating sets for the group generated by shifts and local permutations on the binary full shift. We show that a single generator, namely the fully asynchronous application of the elementary cellular automaton 57 (or, by symmetry, ECA 99), suffices in addition to the shift. In the terminology of logical gates, we have a single reversible gate whose shifts generate all (finitary) reversible gates on infinitely many binary-valued wires that lie in a row and cannot (a priori) be rearranged. We classify pairs of words u, v such that the gate swapping these two words, together with the shift and the bit flip, generates all local permutations. As a corollary, we obtain analogous results in the case where the wires are arranged on a cycle, confirming a conjecture of Macauley-McCammond-Mortveit and Vielhaber.
Brief Report: Feasibility of the Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task as an Outcome Measure in an Intervention Trial for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Schmitt Lauren M. , Sweeney John A. , Erickson Craig A. , Shaffer Rebecca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCognitive flexibility deficits are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but few evidence-based behavioral interventions have successfully addressed this treatment target. Outcome measurement selection may help account for previous findings. The probabilistic reversal learning task (PRL) is a measure of cognitive flexibility previously validated for use in ASD, but its use as an outcome measure has not yet been assessed. The current study examined the feasibility, reproducibility, and sensitivity of PRL in a within-subjects trial of Regulating Together, a group-based intervention targeting emotion regulation. We demonstrated the PRL is highly feasible, showed test–retest reproducibility, and is sensitive to detect change following the intervention. Our findings demonstrate the PRL task may be a useful outcome measure of cognitive flexibility in future intervention trials in ASD.
A modified simplex partition algorithm to test copositivity
Authors: Safi Mohammadreza , Nabavi Seyed Saeed , Caron Richard J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA real symmetric matrix A is copositive if $$x^\top Ax\ge 0$$

x
⊤

A
x
≥
0

for all $$x\ge 0$$

x
≥
0

. As A is copositive if and only if it is copositive on the standard simplex, algorithms to determine copositivity, such as those in Sponsel et al. (J Glob Optim 52:537–551, 2012) and Tanaka and Yoshise (Pac J Optim 11:101–120, 2015), are based upon the creation of increasingly fine simplicial partitions of simplices, testing for copositivity on each. We present a variant that decomposes a simplex $$\bigtriangleup $$
△
, say with n vertices, into a simplex $$\bigtriangleup _1$$

△
1

and a polyhedron $$\varOmega _1$$

Ω
1

; and then partitions $$\varOmega _1$$

Ω
1

into a set of at most $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

simplices. We show that if A is copositive on $$\varOmega _1$$

Ω
1

then A is copositive on $$\bigtriangleup _1$$

△
1

, allowing us to remove $$\bigtriangleup _1$$

△
1

from further consideration. Numerical results from examples that arise from the maximum clique problem show a significant reduction in the time needed to establish copositivity of matrices.
Generating contrastive explanations for inductive logic programming based on a near miss approach
Authors: Rabold Johannes , Siebers Michael , Schmid Ute 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent research, human-understandable explanations of machine learning models have received a lot of attention. Often explanations are given in form of model simplifications or visualizations. However, as shown in cognitive science as well as in early AI research, concept understanding can also be improved by the alignment of a given instance for a concept with a similar counterexample. Contrasting a given instance with a structurally similar example which does not belong to the concept highlights what characteristics are necessary for concept membership. Such near misses have been proposed by Winston (Learning structural descriptions from examples, 1970) as efficient guidance for learning in relational domains. We introduce an explanation generation algorithm for relational concepts learned with Inductive Logic Programming (GeNME). The algorithm identifies near miss examples from a given set of instances and ranks these examples by their degree of closeness to a specific positive instance. A modified rule which covers the near miss but not the original instance is given as an explanation. We illustrateGeNMEwith the well-known family domain consisting of kinship relations, the visual relational Winston arches domain, and a real-world domain dealing with file management. We also present a psychological experiment comparing human preferences of rule-based, example-based, and near miss explanations in the family and the arches domains.
Are cities prepared for climate change? An analysis of adaptation readiness in 104 German cities
Authors: Otto Antje , Göpfert Christian , Thieken Annegret H. 
Published: September 2021

A﻿bstractCities can be severely affected by climate change. Hence, many of them have started to develop climate adaptation strategies or implement measures to help prepare for the challenges it will present. This study aims to provide an overview of climate adaptation in 104 German cities. While existing studies on adaptation tracking rely heavily on self-reported data or the mere existence of adaptation plans, we applied the broader concept of adaptation readiness, considering five factors and a total of twelve different indicators, when making our assessments. We clustered the cities depending on the contribution of these factors to the overall adaptation readiness index and grouped them according to their total score and cluster affiliations. This resulted in us identifying four groups of cities. First, a pioneering group comprises twelve (mainly big) cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants, which showed high scores for all five factors of adaptation readiness. Second, a set of 36 active cities, which follow different strategies on how to deal with climate adaptation. Third, a group of 28 cities showed considerably less activity toward climate adaptation, while a fourth set of 28 mostly small cities (with between 50,000 and 99,999 inhabitants) scored the lowest. We consider this final group to be pursuing a ‘wait-and-see’ approach. Since the city size correlates with the adaptation readiness index, we recommend policymakers introduce funding schemes that focus on supporting small cities, to help them prepare for the impact of a changing climate.