bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor performance and daily participation in children with and without probable developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Delgado‐Lobete Laura , Montes‐Montes Rebeca , Pértega‐Díaz Sonia , Santos‐Del‐Riego Sergio , Hartman Esther , Schoemaker Marina M 
Published: September 2021

AimTo test the mediating role of motor performance in the relationship between individual and environmental constraints, delayed learning of activities of daily living (ADL), and daily participation in typically developing children and children with probable developmental coordination disorder (DCD).MethodParents of 370 randomly selected children aged 5 to 10 years (194 females; mean age [SD] 7y 5mo [1y 10mo]) were included in the study (321 typically developing, 49 probable DCD). Motor performance, ADL learning, and participation were assessed using the DCDDaily‐Questionnaire. Individual variables included child’s age and sex, and environmental variables included mother and family educational level, presence of siblings, and area of residence. Direct, indirect, and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares‐based structural equation modelling approach.ResultsThe model explained 44.5% of the variance of daily participation. Motor performance significantly mediated the effect of individual and environmental constraints, and ADL learning on daily participation.InterpretationResults suggest that the effect of individual and environmental constraints and delayed learning of ADL on daily participation is mediated by motor performance in typically developing children and children with probable DCD. These findings provide further evidence that interventions to promote participation in children with probable DCD should adopt ecological, task‐oriented approaches. Further studies should evaluate model generalizability with clinical samples.
Scalp‐recorded N40 visual evoked potential: Sensory and attentional properties
Authors: Proverbio Alice Mado , Broido Veronica , De Benedetto Francesco , Zani Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractN40 is a well‐known component of evoked potentials with respect to the auditory and somatosensory modality but not much recognized with regard to the visual modality. To be detected with event‐related potentials (ERPs), it requires an optimal signal‐to‐noise ratio. To investigate the nature of visual N40, we recorded EEG/ERP signals from 20 participants. Each of them was presented with 1800 spatial frequency gratings of 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 c/deg. Data were collected from 128 sites while participants were engaged in both passive viewing and attention conditions. N40 (30–55 ms) was modulated by alertness and selective attention; in fact, it was larger to targets than irrelevant and passively viewed spatial frequency gratings. Its strongest intracranial sources were the bilateral thalamic nuclei of pulvinar, according to swLORETA. The active network included precuneus, insula and inferior parietal lobule. An N80 component (60–90 ms) was also identified, which was larger to targets than irrelevant/passive stimuli and more negative to high than low spatial frequencies. In contrast, N40 was not sensitive to spatial frequency per se, nor did it show a polarity inversion as a function of spatial frequency. Attention, alertness and spatial frequency effects were also found for the later components P1, N2 and P300. The attentional effects increased in magnitude over time. The data showed that ERPs can pick up the earliest synchronized activity, deriving in part from thalamic nuclei, before the visual information has actually reached the occipital cortex.
Central nervous system atrophy predicts future dynamics of disability progression in a real‐world multiple sclerosis cohort
Authors: Tsagkas Charidimos , Naegelin Yvonne , Amann Michael , Papadopoulou Athina , Barro Christian , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Gaetano Laura , Wuerfel Jens , Kappos Ludwig , Kuhle Jens , Granziera Cristina , Sprenger Till , Magon Stefano , Parmar Katrin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIn an era of individualized multiple sclerosis (MS) patient management, biomarkers for accurate prediction of future clinical outcomes are needed. We aimed to evaluate the potential of short‐term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atrophy measures and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as predictors of the dynamics of disability accumulation in relapse‐onset MS.MethodsBrain gray and white matter, thalamic, striatal, pallidal and cervical spinal cord volumes, and lesion load were measured over three available time points (mean time span 2.24 ± 0.70 years) for 183 patients (140 relapsing‐remitting [RRMS] and 43 secondary‐progressive MS (SPMS); 123 female, age 46.4 ± 11.0 years; disease duration 15.7 ± 9.3 years), and their respective annual changes were calculated. Baseline sNfL was also measured at the third available time point for each patient. Subsequently, patients underwent annual clinical examinations over 5.4 ± 3.7 years including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scoring, the nine‐hole peg test and the timed 25‐foot walk test.ResultsHigher annual spinal cord atrophy rates and lesion load increase predicted higher future EDSS score worsening over time in SPMS. Lower baseline thalamic volumes predicted higher walking speed worsening over time in RRMS. Lower baseline gray matter, as well as higher white matter and spinal cord atrophy rates, lesion load increase, baseline striatal volumes and baseline sNfL, predicted higher future hand dexterity worsening over time. All models showed reasonable to high prediction accuracy.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the capability of short‐term MRI metrics to accurately predict future dynamics of disability progression in a real‐world relapse‐onset MS cohort. The present study represents a step towards the utilization of structural MRI measurements in patient care.
MicroRNAs in the development of resistance to antiseizure drugs and their potential as biomarkers in pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Authors: Bohosova Julia , Vajcner Jiri , Jabandziev Petr , Oslejskova Hana , Slaby Ondrej , Aulicka Stefania 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAlthough many new antiseizure drugs have been developed in the past decade, approximately 30%–40% of patients remain pharmacoresistant. There are no clinical tools or guidelines for predicting therapeutic response in individual patients, leaving them no choice other than to try all antiseizure drugs available as they suffer debilitating seizures with no relief. The discovery of predictive biomarkers and early identification of pharmacoresistant patients is of the highest priority in this group. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short noncoding RNAs negatively regulating gene expression, have emerged in recent years in epilepsy, following a broader trend of their exploitation as biomarkers of various complex human diseases. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed database for original research articles focused on miRNA expression level profiling in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy or drug‐resistant precilinical models and cell cultures. In this review, we summarize 17 publications concerning miRNAs as potential new biomarkers of resistance to antiseizure drugs and their potential role in the development of drug resistance or epilepsy. Although numerous knowledge gaps need to be filled and reviewed, and articles share some study design pitfalls, several miRNAs dysregulated in brain tissue and blood serum were identified independently by more than one paper. These results suggest a unique opportunity for disease monitoring and personalized therapeutic management in the future.
Cover Image
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Zeng Jimmy , Meng Weilin , Lohman David J. , Pierce Naomi E. 
Published: September 2021

The cover image is based on the Short Communication Out of sight, out of mind: Public and research interest in insects is negatively correlated with their conservation status by Zhengyang Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12499. Image Credit: Kun Qin (Mt. Dayao Nature Reserve).
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Characteristics of dyadic care types among patients living with multiple chronic conditions and their informal caregivers
Authors: De Maria Maddalena , Ferro Federico , Ausili Davide , Buck Harleah G. , Vellone Ercole , Matarese Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine the distribution of dyadic care types in multiple chronic conditions, compare self‐care and caregiver contributions to patients' self‐care in each care type and identify the patient and caregiver characteristics associated with each care type.DesignSecondary analysis of a multicentre, cross‐sectional study.MethodsPatient‐caregiver dyads were enrolled from outpatient clinics and community settings. The Dyadic Symptom Management Type Scale was used to categorize dyads by type. Self‐care, self‐efficacy, comorbidities and cognitive impairment were measured in patients, whereas caregiver contributions to patient self‐care, self‐efficacy, caregiver burden and hours of caregiving were measured in caregivers. Sociodemographic characteristics perceived social support and mutuality were measured in both patients and caregivers. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsA sample of 541 patient‐caregiver dyads was examined. The most frequent dyadic care type was the collaborative‐oriented (63%). In the patient‐oriented type, patients scored higher on self‐care compared with caregivers; in the caregiver‐oriented and collaborative types, caregivers scored higher than patients supporting the typology. The patient‐oriented type was associated with younger, healthier male patients with better cognitive status, who scored higher for mutuality and whose caregivers scored lower for burden. The caregiver‐oriented type was associated with older, less educated patients, with caregivers experiencing higher burden and unemployment. The collaborative type was associated with sicker patients, with the caregiver more probably to be female and employed, with higher perceived social support, mutuality and burden. The incongruent dyadic care type was associated with lower caregiver mutuality.ImpactIn the context of multiple chronic conditions, clinicians should consider targeting any educational interventions aimed at improving patient self‐care and caregiver contributions to self‐care by dyadic care types.
Exploring students' cognitive and affective states during problem solving through multimodal data: Lessons learned from a programming activity
Authors: Mangaroska Katerina , Sharma Kshitij , Gašević Dragan , Giannakos Michail 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundProblem‐solving is a multidimensional and dynamic process that requires and interlinks cognitive, metacognitive, and affective dimensions of learning. However, current approaches practiced in computing education research (CER) are not sufficient to capture information beyond the basic programming process data (i.e., IDE‐log data). Therefore, how cognition and affect intertwine and unfold over time in programming problem‐solving activities are rarely investigated.ObjectivesIn this study, we examined how the theory‐informed measures from multimodal data that we have selected as proxies for cognitive and affective dimensions of learning, are associated with student performance, and in comparison, to prior‐knowledge.MethodsA high‐frequency temporal data was collected with a camera, an electroencephalogram, and an eye‐tracker from 40 computer science students (bachelor and master studies) in the context of a code‐debugging activity. To study the cognitive processes associated with learning we focused on cognitive load theory (CLT) and the human information processing model. In addition, we complemented CLT with the model of affective dynamics in learning to avoid the machine reductionism perspective.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that attention, convergent thinking, and frustration were positively correlated with students' successful code‐debugging (i.e., performance), and frequently manifested by high performing participants. Cognitive load, memory load, and boredom were negatively correlated with students' performance, and typically manifested by low performing participants.ImplicationsExtending the context of analysis in reference to student cognitive processes and affective states, affords educators not just to identify lower performers, but also to understand the potential reasons behind their performance, making our method an important contribution in the confluence of CER and the learning technology communities. In addition, the insights extracted from our analyses allow us to discuss potential avenues for improving learning design and the design of interactive learning systems to support the development of students' problem‐solving skills.
Negative bubbles and the market for “dreams”: “Lemons” in the looking glass
Authors: Emery Douglas R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractI extend Akerlof's adverse selection model, where uninformed participants withdraw from the market, and show that rather than collapse, “lemons” can, and often do, lead to a negative bubble. I then show that a mirror image of his model, where uninformed participants pursue “dreams” of becoming wealthy (e.g., trading in cryptocurrencies), can lead to a positive bubble that ultimately causes informed experts to withdraw when the supply of assets is finite. I also argue that, because prices of antiques, collectibles, and other objets d'art are typically based primarily on sentiment, fad, and/or fashion, such assets trade persistently in a positive bubble.
Factors for heterogeneous outcomes of angina and myocardial ischemia without obstructive coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Radico Francesco , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Aimo Alberto , Zimarino Marco , Knuuti Juhani , Rossi Serena , Pastormerlo Luigi Emilio , Zyw Luc , Orsini Enrico , Iacoviello Licia , Neglia Danilo , Emdin Michele , de Gaetano Giovanni , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with angina is common, but its prognosis is debated. We investigated outcomes of such patients to identify predictors of cardiovascular events.MethodsWe selected 1014 patients with angina, evidence of myocardial ischemia at the electrocardiogram (ECG) exercise test or imaging stress tests, and nonobstructive CAD (absence of lumen diameter reduction ≥50%) at coronary angiography between 1999 and 2015. Note that, 1905 age‐ and risk factors‐matched asymptomatic subjects served as “real‐world” comparators. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of all‐cause death or myocardial infarction.ResultsAt 6‐years median follow‐up (interquartile range, 3–9 years), the primary endpoint occurred in 53 patients (5.5%, 0.92/100 person‐years). Besides similar event rates compared with asymptomatic subjects (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–1.15, p = 0.28), the index population showed a very heterogeneous prognosis. Patients with nonobstructive CAD (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.02–3.37, p = 0.04, compared with “normal” coronary arteries) and ischemia at imaging tests (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.07–4.14, p = 0.03, compared with ischemia detected only at the ECG exercise test) were at higher risk and those with both these components showing even >10‐fold event rates as compared with the absence of both. Three‐hundred and twenty‐five patients (34%) continued to experience angina, 69 (7.2%) underwent repeat coronary angiography, and 14 (1.5%) had consequent coronary revascularization for atherosclerosis progression.ConclusionApart from the impaired quality of life, angina without obstructive CAD has an overall benign but very heterogeneous prognosis. Nonobstructive CAD and myocardial ischemia at imaging tests both confer a higher risk.
My relatives are waiting: Barriers to tribal enrollment of fostered/adopted American Indians
Authors: Landers Ashley L. , Danes Sharon M. , Morgan Amy A. , Merritt Shamora , White Hawk Sandy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study fills a literature gap by examining barriers to tribal enrollment for American Indian fostered and adopted individuals.BackgroundSystematic child removal has intergenerationally impacted American Indian families. Startling numbers of American Indian children have been removed from their families and tribal communities and placed into foster care or for adoption. Budding research on American Indian fostered and adopted family members illuminates the relationship between reunification and tribal enrollment. However, little is known about what facilitates or impedes the tribal enrollment of previously estranged American Indian fostered and adopted family members.MethodGuided by place identity theory, this study analyzed survey data from the Experiences of Adopted and Fostered Individuals Project. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data from a subsample of American Indian fostered and adopted individuals (n = 60) that responded to an open‐ended question about the reasons for their lack of tribal enrollment.ResultsThe tribal enrollment process is a formalization of the social confirmation of the fostered and adopted American Indian individual's identity; it is a process of mutual verification between the individual and the tribe. Results yielded three major themes describing barriers to enrollment: (1) personal, (2) collective (family and tribe), and (3) institutional.ConclusionDespite high levels of interest in tribal enrollment, many fostered and adopted individuals experience personal, collective, and institutional barriers to tribal enrollment.
Do you want a description with that wine? The role of wine mental imagery in consumer's desire to drink using the revised Vividness of Wine Imagery Questionnaire (VWIQ‐II)
Authors: Croijmans Ilja , Wang Qian Janice 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe influence of general wine imagery vividness on consumers' reported desire to drink was investigated. In Study 1, the Vividness of Wine Imagery Questionnaire (VWIQ) was revised and validated so that it included the dimensions of sight, smell, flavor, and mouthfeel. Mouthfeel is an important factor in wine appreciation, both for consumers and wine experts. In Study 2, we demonstrated the usage of VWIQ in a consumer context: participants were asked to indicate their desire to drink a range of wines that differed in familiarity, with half the participants also receiving a multisensory description of the wine in addition to information regarding the wine's geographical origin and grape variety. Without a description, consumers with higher imagery vividness reported higher desire to drink compared with consumers with lower imagery vividness. However, with a description, the desire to drink from the lower imagery vividness group increased, matching the higher imagery vividness group.Practical applicationThe ability to imagine helps people to plan for the future. In effect, imagery ability can influence how consumers make purchase decisions. Sensory descriptions thus seemed to override differences in people's ability to imagine a wine. In summary, this research demonstrates the value of VWIQ as a tool to tailor advertisements and wine descriptions to specific groups of consumers.
Influences of periodontitis on hippocampal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats
Authors: Kose Oğuz , Altin Ahmet , Kurt Bayrakdar Sevda , Bostan Semih Alperen , Mercantepe Tolga , Akyildiz Kerimali , Tumkaya Levent , Yilmaz Adnan , Kose Sefanur , Yemenoglu Hatice , Turker Sener Leyla , Kuluslu Göker 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and aimThe hippocampus, which has a central role in cognitive and behavioral activities, is one of the most sensitive parts of the brain to systemic inflammatory diseases. This animal study aims to comprehensively investigate the possible inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic effects of periodontitis on the hippocampus.MethodsSixteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: control and experimental periodontitis (Ep). In the Ep group, periodontitis was induced by placing 3.0 sutures sub‐paramarginally around the necks of right and left mandibular first molars and maintaining the ligatures in place for 5 weeks. Following the euthanasia, mandibula and hippocampus samples were collected bilaterally. Alveolar bone loss was measured histomorphometrically and radiologically on the right and left mandibles. On the right hippocampal sections histological (Caspase‐3, TNF‐α, and 8‐OHdG) and the left hippocampal sections, biochemical (IL‐1β, Aβ1‐42, MDA, GSH, and TAS levels) evaluations were performed.ResultsHistopathological changes associated with periodontitis were limited (p > .05). A slight increase in caspase‐3 positive neuron density in EP rats showed that apoptotic changes were also limited (p > .05). 8‐OHdG activity, on the other hand, was significantly higher compared to controls (p < .05). In biochemical analysis, there was a significant increase in IL‐1β levels and oxidative membrane damage (MDA) (p < .05) whereas Aβ1‐42 and antioxidant marker (GSH and TAS) levels were slightly increased (p > .05).ConclusionPeriodontitis causes marked increases in IL‐1β levels and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, but limited degenerative and apoptotic changes.
Surfactin attenuates particulate matter‐induced COX‐2‐dependent PGE2 production in human gingival fibroblasts by inhibiting TLR2 and TLR4/MyD88/NADPH oxidase/ROS/PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Vo Thi Thuy Tien , Wee Yinshen , Chen Yuh‐Lien , Cheng Hsin‐Chung , Tuan Vo Phuoc , Lee I‐Ta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of surfactin and underlying mechanisms against particulate matter (PM)‐induced inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).BackgroundPM, a major air pollutant, may associate with certain oral diseases possibly by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Surfactin, a potent biosurfactant, possesses various biological properties including anti‐inflammatory activity. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Also, there is no study investigating the effects of surfactin on PM‐induced oral inflammatory responses. As an essential constituent of human periodontal connective tissues which involves immune‐inflammatory responses, HGFs serve as useful study models.MethodsHGFs were pretreated with surfactin prior to PM incubation. The PGE2 production was determined by ELISA, while the protein expression and mRNA levels of COX‐2 and upstream regulators were measured using Western blot and real‐time PCR, respectively. The transcriptional activity of COX‐2 and NF‐κB were determined using promoter assay. ROS generation and NADPH oxidase activity were identified by specific assays. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay, pharmacologic inhibitors, and siRNA transfection were applied to explore the interplay of molecules. Mice were given one dose of surfactin or different pharmacologic inhibitors, then PM was delivered into the gingiva for three consecutive days. Gingival tissues were obtained for analyzing COX‐2 expression.ResultsPM‐treated HGFs released significantly higher COX‐2‐dependent PGE2, which were regulated by TLR2 and TLR4/MyD88/NADPH oxidase/ROS/PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway. PM‐induced COX‐2/PGE2 increase was effectively reversed by surfactin through the disruption of regulatory pathway. Similar inhibitory effects of surfactin was observed in mice.ConclusionSurfactin may elicit anti‐inflammatory effects against PM‐induced oral inflammatory responses.