bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital pulmonary varix
Authors: Maruyama Takuji , Kariya Shuji , Nakatani Miyuki , Ono Yasuyuki , Ueno Yutaka , Komemushi Atsushi , Tanigawa Noboru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Patients with congenital pulmonary varix are asymptomatic and require no treatment, but the radiological characteristics of a pulmonary varix are similar to those of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, which requires treatment. Pulmonary angiography is useful for obtaining information about the dynamics of pulmonary blood flow to differentiate a pulmonary varix from a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation for the purpose of treatment planning. Two cases of congenital pulmonary varices that were differentiated from pulmonary arteriovenous malformations based on pulmonary angiography findings are presented.

Patient concerns and diagnosis:
The first patient was an asymptomatic 39-year-old man. Non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography performed as part of the treatment course for pneumonia showed pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the right lung. Pulmonary angiography was performed and showed that it was a pulmonary varix. The second patient was an asymptomatic 23-year-old woman. As part of her regular health check-up, she underwent plain chest X-ray examination, which showed an abnormal shadow. Non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed, and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation was suspected. However, contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings suggested that the patient had a congenital pulmonary varix rather than a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Pulmonary angiography was subsequently performed for diagnosis, and a pulmonary varix was confirmed.

Interventions and outcomes:
No treatment was administered to either patient. The first patient was followed up for four years, and the second patient for two years. Both patients had no symptoms or complications during the follow-up period.

Lessons:
Two cases of congenital pulmonary varices were reported. Information about the dynamics of pulmonary blood flow obtained by performing pulmonary angiography was effective in distinguishing between pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and congenital pulmonary varix.
The usefulness of subtraction coronary computed tomography angiography for in-stent restenosis assessment of patients with CoCr stent using 320-row area detector CT
Authors: Li Jian , Guo Man-Tao , Yang Xiao , Gao Fang , Li Na , Huang Ming-Gang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess in-stent restenosis (ISR) of coronary artery for patients with CoCr stent using subtraction coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with one-breath-hold scan on 320-row area detector CT, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as clinical standard.
Patients who were referred for CCTA from January 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-contrast and CCTA was performed with dedicated one-breath-hold subtraction scan protocol and post processing to get subtracted-CCTA image without stent. Subjective image qualities and diagnosable rate were analyzed for CCTA and subtracted-CCTA respectively. The ISR degree of each stent was evaluated both on CCTA and subtracted-CCTA images. The receiver-operating characteristic curve with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of CCTA, and subtracted-CCTA in the diagnosis of ISR were calculated with ICA as reference.
Forty patients with 85 CoCr coronary stents of 3 to 3.5 mm diameter with ICA confirmation within 1 month were finally included. Subtracted-CCTA showed more diagnosable segments of stent (91.76% [78/85]) than those of CCTA (50.59% [43/85]) (P < .001). The subjective image quality score of CCTA was 2.23 ± 1.32 while 3.41 ± 0.90 on subtracted-CCTA (P < .001). Both subtracted-CCTA and CCTA showed high consistency with ICA (Kappa = 0.795 and 0.918 respectively). The area under the curve was 0.607 for CCTA and 0.757 for subtracted-CCTA (P < .001) for stent based diagnose, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of CCTA, and subtracted-CCTA were 90.0%, 97.0%, 95.3%, and 87.5%, 100.0%, 97.43%, respectively.
Subtracted-CCTA showed improved diagnose performance for ISR, which potentially reduce further follow-up ICA procedures for patients with CoCr stents.
Reliability of BRAF mutation detection using plasma sample
Authors: Ye Peng , Cai Peiling , Xie Jing , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Testing of B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) mutation in tumor is necessary before targeted therapies are given. When tumor samples are not available, plasma samples are commonly used for the testing of BRAF mutation. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation testing using plasma sample of cancer patients.

Methods:
Databases of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies investigating BRAF mutation in paired tissue and plasma samples of cancer patients. A total of 798 publications were identified after database searching. After removing 229 duplicated publications, 569 studies were screened using the following exclusion criteria: (1) BRAF mutation not measured in plasma or in tumor sample; (2) lacking BRAF-wildtype or BRAF-mutated samples; (3) tissue and plasma samples not paired; (4) lacking tumor or plasma samples; (5) not plasma sample; (6) not cancer; (7) un-interpretable data. Accuracy data and relevant information were extracted from each eligible study by 2 independent researchers and analyzed using statistical software.

Results:
After pooling the accuracy data from 3943 patients of the 53 eligible studies, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of BRAF mutation testing using plasma sample were 69%, 98%, and 55.78, respectively. Area under curve of summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9435. Subgroup analysis indicated that BRAF mutation testing using plasma had overall higher accuracy (diagnostic odds ratio of 89.17) in colorectal cancer, compared to melanoma and thyroid carcinoma. In addition, next-generation sequencing had an overall higher accuracy in detecting BRAF mutation using plasma sample (diagnostic odds ratio of 63.90), compared to digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional PCR, while digital PCR showed the highest sensitivity (74%) among the 3 techniques.

Conclusion:

BRAF testing using plasma sample showed an overall high accuracy compared to paired tumor tissue sample, which could be used for cancer genotyping when tissue sample is not available. Large prospective studies are needed to further investigate the accuracy of BRAF mutation testing in plasma sample.
The prognostic value of lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 in cancer patients
Authors: Zhong Pingyong , Hua Hao , Chen Shun , Zhu Zhidan , Xie Fei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
ArfGAP with GTPase domain, Ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 Antisense 1 (AGAP2-AS1) is a promising long noncoding RNA that may possess prognostic value for different types of tumors. The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prognostic value of long noncoding RNA AGAP2-AS1 in cancer patients.

Methods:
A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, Weipu, and Wanfang electronic databases were carried out in this meta-analysis. Synthetic hazard ratios (HRs) or odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained to determine the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of AGAP2-AS1 expression in tumors.

Results:
The final meta-analysis included 10 studies that contained 948 patients. The pooled results provided evidence that AGAP2-AS1 overexpression predicted reduced overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.49–2.09, P < .00001), disease-free survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.40–2.41, P < .0001), and progression-free survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.01–3.33, P = .04) and for various cancers. Additionally, the AGAP2-AS1 overexpression was concerned with lymph node metastasis (positive vs negative, OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.96–4.45, P < .00001), advanced tumor node metastasis stage (III/IV vs I/II, OR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.71–5.13, P < .00001), and tumor size (larger vs smaller, OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.24–4.18, P = .008). Besides, data from gene expression profiling interactive analysis dataset verified the results in our meta-analysis. The results showed that the expression level of AGAP2-AS1 was higher in most tumor tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues and was linked to poor OS and disease-free survival.

Conclusions:
Our results indicated that AGAP2-AS1 overexpression was closely correlated with shorter OS in multiple cancer types, suggesting that AGAP2-AS1 might function as a promising predictor for clinical outcomes in cancer.
Acute exacerbation of pulmonary toxoplasmosis during corticosteroid therapy for immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Omori Koji , Imoto Naoto , Norose Kazumi , Maeda Matsuyoshi , Hikosaka Kenji , Kurahashi Shingo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Pulmonary toxoplasmosis (PT) is an infectious disease that can be fatal if reactivation occurs in the recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) who were previously infected with Toxoplasma gondii. However, whether the toxoplasmosis reactivation is an actual risk factor for patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies without HSCT remains unclear. Therefore, reactivated PT is not typically considered as a differential diagnosis for pneumonia other than in patients with HSCT or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Patient concerns:
A 77-year-old man presented with fever and nonproductive cough for several days. He was hospitalized due to atypical pneumonia that worsened immediately despite antibiotic therapy. Before 4 months, he was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and received corticosteroid therapy. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (ST) was administered to prevent pneumocystis pneumonia resulting from corticosteroid therapy.

Diagnosis:
The serological and culture test results were negative for all pathogens except T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibody. Polymerase chain reaction, which can detect T. gondii from frozen bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, showed positive results. Therefore, he was diagnosed with PT.

Intervention:
ST, clindamycin, and azithromycin were administered. Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine could not be administered because his general condition significantly worsened at the time of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination.

Outcomes:
The patient died of acute respiratory distress syndrome despite anti-T. gondii treatment. An autopsy revealed a severe organizing pneumonia and a small area of bronchopneumonia.

Lessons:
PT should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with pneumonia, particularly in seropositive patients who receive immunosuppressive therapies even for other than HSCT or HIV.
Efficacy and safety of moxibustion for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Wang Jiaze , Deng Tingting , Sun Hao , Sun Xiaolu , You Yuwei , Wang Ying , Xun Qi , Ma Yuxia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland that is common in older men. The clinical manifestations of BPH are frequent urination, urgency, incomplete dribbling of urine, and urinary retention. Moxibustion, as a convenient, safe and effective method, has been widely applied in the clinical treatment of BPH. The study aim to assess the efficacy and safety of moxibustion for BPH.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched regardless of language and publication status: Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, China Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, and Wanfang Database, to select studies that meet the requirements. The study will consist of a prospective randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of moxibustion in the treatment of BPH, language of publication does not have barrier of blinding or restrictions, adverse events will be assessed and reported for safety assessment. Two reviewers will independently conduct and screen all included studies and the meta-analysis will be performed with RevMan V5.3.

Results:
The study will provide a high-quality convincing assessment of efficacy and safety of moxibustion for BPH.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this study will provide the latest evidence for judging whether moxibustion is effective and safe in the treatment of BPH.

Trial registration number:
INPLASY2021120021.
A Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis of the Psychiatrist Decision-Making Process Used in Determining When to Discharge Adults With Major Depressive Disorder Hospitalized for Active Suicidal Ideation With Intent
Authors: Voelker Jennifer , Wilkinson Samuel T. , Katz Eva G. , Nash Abigail I. , Daly Ella , Ali Ahan , Lovink Adrienne , Stahl John , Desai Arkit , Kuvadia Harsh , Neslusan Cheryl , Sheehan John J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To ascertain the relative importance of attributes considered when deciding to discharge patients hospitalized with major depressive disorder (MDD) and active suicidal ideation with intent, a choice-based conjoint analysis was conducted via online survey among US-based psychiatrists actively managing such patients. Potential attributes and attribute levels were identified. Attribute importance in decision to discharge and the discharge time frame were assessed. One hundred psychiatrists completed the survey. The relative importance of attributes were current MDD severity (relative importance weight [out of 100] 24.8 [95% confidence interval, 23.3–26.3]), clinician assessment of current suicidal ideation (20.8 [18.5–23.0]), previous history of suicide attempts (16.7 [15.9–17.6]), psychosocial support at discharge (13.0 [11.7–14.4]), postdischarge outpatient follow-up (9.8 [8.8–10.8]), current length of hospital stay (9.2 [8.1–10.3]), and suicidal ideation at admission (5.7 [4.8–6.6]). Thus, current clinical symptoms were considered the most important attributes by psychiatrists when discharging patients initially hospitalized with MDD and active suicidal ideation with intent.
Hematemesis in Infants
Authors: Quitadamo Paolo , Anselmi Federica , Mantegazza Cecilia , Tambucci Renato , Campanozzi Angelo , Malamisura Monica , Raucci Umberto , Tipo Vincenzo , Dolce Pasquale , Saccomani Marco Deganello , Chiaro Andrea , Mancini Valentina , Felici Enrico , Orizio Paolo , Parma Barbara , Salvatore Silvia , Borrelli Osvaldo 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
Infantile acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding involves a decision for therapeutic intervention that most pediatricians first coming into contact with the patient are, not unreasonably, unable to objectively provide. Therefore, some objective tools of individual risk assessment would seem to be crucial. The principal aim of the present study was to investigate the anamnestic and clinical parameters of infants with hematemesis, together with laboratory and instrumental findings, to create a scoring system that may help identify those infants requiring an appropriate and timely application of upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.

Methods
Clinical data of infants admitted for hematemesis to the participating centers over the study period were systematically collected. According to the outcome dealing with rebleeding, need for blood transfusion, mortality, finding of GI bleeding lesions, or need for surgical intervention, patients were blindly divided into a group with major clinical severity and a group with minor clinical severity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to investigate significant prognostic factors for clinical severity.

Results
According to our findings, we drafted a practical diagnostic algorithm and a clinical score able to predict the need for timely upper GI endoscopy (BLOVO infant score). Our clinical scoring system was created by incorporating anamnestic factors, clinical parameters, and laboratory findings that emerged as predictors of a worst outcome.

Conclusions
We provided the first objective tool of individual risk assessment for infants with hematemesis, which could be very useful for pediatricians first coming into contact with the patient in the emergency department.
Clinical Profile, Etiology, and Management Outcomes of Pediatric Ocular Trauma in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlGhadeer Huda , Khandekar Rajiv 
Published: December 2021

Objective
To evaluate cases of pediatric ocular trauma at a tertiary eye hospital in central Saudi Arabia and determine the demographics, causes, ocular injuries, and visual status before and after management.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed of health records of children younger than 16 years with ocular trauma managed from January 1998 to December 2019. Data were collected on patient demographics, eye involved, cause of trauma, the presenting and final vision, and the duration of follow-up. Best-corrected visual acuity at the last follow-up was compared between open and closed eye injury groups. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology was used to classify the ocular injuries.

Results
Among 1003 patients, 728 (72.6%) had open globe and 275 (27.4%) had closed globe injuries. The main causes of trauma were unsafe playing-related activities (n = 394; 39.3%), unsafe home environment (n = 158;15.8%) and injury by metallic objects (n = 166; 16.6%). Gunshot-related ocular trauma was noted in 62 (6.2%) children. Presenting vision less than 20/400 was noted in 292 (40.1%) eyes with open globe injuries and 110 (40%) eyes with closed globe injuries (P = 0.4). After a median follow-up of 13.3 months, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 to 20/200 in 393 (53%) eyes with open globe injuries and 137 (49.8%) eyes with closed globe injuries (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Despite proper management, children in this study sustained significant permanent visual loss secondary to ocular trauma. Public health efforts in Saudi Arabia are needed to reduce preventable injury-related childhood blindness.
Sepsis in Children in Latin America
Authors: Arriola-Montenegro Liliana , Escalante-Kanashiro Raffo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pediatric sepsis is a worldwide public health issue because of its high mortality rate, which increases even more in low-income countries. In this article, we review the Latin American background, the burdens of pediatric sepsis in Latin America, and the Caribbean, as well as some strategies that could help improve the outcomes of sepsis in these regions from a public health view.
Predictors of Empiric Antibiotic Use in the Emergency Department in Children Without Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Forster Catherine S. , Almaazi Ahmed , Hamdy Rana , Harik Nada 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common diagnosis within the pediatric emergency department (ED). Because of the necessary delay in obtaining urine culture results, clinicians must decide whether to prescribe antibiotics for a suspected UTI before urine culture results. The primary objective of this study was to identify the proportion of children given empiric antibiotics who subsequently did not meet consensus definition of an UTI. The secondary objective was to identify factors associated with return visits to the ED after an index visit for UTI. We also attempted to identify predictors of prescription of empiric antibiotics for children who did not have a UTI.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of all patients between the ages of 2 months and 18 years diagnosed with a UTI between July 2016 and June 2017 in the ED of a single urban quaternary care center. Patients were excluded for the following reasons: use of bag for urine collection, subsequent admission to the hospital, receipt of antibiotics within the previous 3 days, use of antibiotics for an indication other than a UTI, and urine culture obtained at an outside facility.

Results
Of 404 included patients, 389 (96.2%) were discharged on antibiotics and 243 (62.4%) did not have a UTI. On the multivariate analysis, age ≧ 36 months was associated with increased odds of receiving antibiotics and not having a UTI while both ≥1+ leukocyte esterase and ≥1+ nitrites on urinalysis were associated with decreased odds of receiving antibiotics and not meeting UTI criteria. Sixty-two patients revisited the ED within 30 days of the initial visit, 24 (38.7%) of which met criteria for UTI during the index visit. Prescription of antibiotics at the time of the index visit was associated with decreased odds of reutilization, whereas an extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing organism cultured from urine at the index visit was associated with increased odds of reutilization.

Conclusions
A high number of patients discharged on empiric antibiotics did not meet criteria for a UTI. We did not identify clinically useful factors that predicted prescription of empiric antibiotics for children who do not have a UTI. We believe that unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions could be substantially decreased by decreasing empiric use of antibiotics coupled with reliable follow-up for positive urine cultures.
Indoor Public Mask-Wearing Behavior Changes in Response to National, State, and Local COVID-19 Policies
Authors: Vest Joshua R. , Cash-Goldwasser Shama , Peters Bergquist Eleanor , Embi Peter J. , Caine Virginia , Halverson Paul K. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To estimate changes in public mask-wearing behavior in response to public health policies during COVID-19.

Design:
Panel of observed public mask-wearing.

Setting:
Counts of adult behavior in Marion County, Indiana, between November 15, 2020, and May 31, 2021.

Determinants of Interest:
(1) Removal of state masking requirement; (2) introduction of the National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness; (3) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendation that vaccinated individuals did not need to wear masks in public; and (4) COVID-19 vaccine availability.

Outcome:
Percent observed with correct mask-wearing.

Analyses:
Fixed-effects models estimated the association between policies and mask-wearing.

Results:
Ending Indiana's mask requirement was not associated with changes in correct mask-wearing. The CDC's recommendation was associated with a decrease of 12.3 percentage points in correct mask-wearing (95% CI, −23.47 to −1.05; P = .032).

Conclusions:
Behavior encouraged by local mask requirements appeared to be resilient to changes in state policy. CDC recommendations appeared influential.