bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jüngste Arbeiten zum Begriff der Dankbarkeit in Philosophie und Psychologie
Authors: Gulliford Liz , Morgan Blaire , Kristjánsson Kristján 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die philosophische und psychologische Literatur zum Begriff der Dankbarkeit bis ins Jahr 2013. Geprüft werden die in beiden Wissenschaften veröffentlichten Arbeiten vor allem hinsichtlich ihrer begrifflichen Grundlagen und der ethischen Bewertung von Dankbarkeit, etwa als Pflicht, Tugend oder Supererogation. Die Analyse zeigt, dass jeweils mit einer Reihe untereinander unvereinbarer Begriffsverständnisse gearbeitet wird, sodass die Debatte von einem komplexen Netzwerk sich überschneidender und überkreuzender Begriffe geprägt ist. Der Beitrag endet mit Vorschlägen für die weitere Forschung. Psychologen wird empfohlen, ihre Konzeptionen von Dankbarkeit präziser zu fassen und zu begründen sowie Bottom-up-Studien zum alltagspraktischen Begriff der Dankbarkeit durchzuführen. Philosophen sollten dagegen der in den Sozialwissenschaften durchgeführten Bottom-up-Arbeit mehr Beachtung schenken.
A meso-level empirical validation approach for agent-based computational economic models drawing on micro-data: a use case with a mobility mode-choice model
Authors: Bektas Alperen , Piana Valentino , Schumann René 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe complex nature of agent-based modeling may reveal more descriptive accuracy than analytical tractability. That leads to an additional layer of methodological issues regarding empirical validation, which is an ongoing challenge. This paper offers a replicable method to empirically validate agent-based models, a specific indicator of “goodness-of-validation” and its statistical distribution, leading to a statistical test in some way comparable to the p value. The method involves an unsupervised machine learning algorithm hinging on cluster analysis. It clusters the ex-post behavior of real and artificial individuals to create meso-level behavioral patterns. By comparing the balanced composition of real and artificial agents among clusters, it produces a validation score in [0, 1] which can be judged thanks to its statistical distribution. In synthesis, it is argued that an agent-based model can be initialized at the micro-level, calibrated at the macro-level, and validated at the meso-level with the same data set. As a case study, we build and use a mobility mode-choice model by configuring an agent-based simulation platform called BedDeM. We cluster the choice behavior of real and artificial individuals with the same ex-ante given characteristics. We analyze these clusters’ similarity to understand whether the model-generated data contain observationally equivalent behavioral patterns as the real data. The model is validated with a specific score of 0.27, which is better than about 95% of all possible scores that the indicator can produce. By drawing lessons from this example, we provide advice for researchers to validate their models if they have access to micro-data.
Exact reconstruction of sparse non-harmonic signals from their Fourier coefficients
Authors: Petz Markus , Plonka Gerlind , Derevianko Nadiia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a new reconstruction method for real non-harmonic Fourier sums, i.e., real signals which can be represented as sparse exponential sums of the form$$f(t) = \sum _{j=1}^{K} \gamma _{j} \, \cos (2\pi a_{j} t + b_{j})$$f(t)=∑j=1Kγjcos(2πajt+bj), where the frequency parameters$$a_{j} \in {\mathbb {R}}$$aj∈R(or$$a_{j} \in {\mathrm i} {\mathbb {R}}$$aj∈iR) are pairwise different. Our method is based on the recently proposed numerically stable iterative rational approximation algorithm in Nakatsukasa et al. (SIAM J Sci Comput 40(3):A1494–A1522, 2018). For signal reconstruction we use a set of classical Fourier coefficients offwith regard to a fixed interval (0, P) with$$P>0$$P>0. Even though all terms offmay be non-P-periodic, our reconstruction method requires at most$$2K+2$$2K+2Fourier coefficients$$c_{n}(f)$$cn(f)to recover all parameters off. We show that in the case of exact data, the proposed iterative algorithm terminates after at most$$K+1$$K+1steps. The algorithm can also detect the numberKof terms off, ifKis a priori unknown and$$L \ge 2K+2$$L≥2K+2Fourier coefficients are available. Therefore our method provides a new alternative to the known numerical approaches for the recovery of exponential sums that are based on Prony’s method.
Design space optimisation of an unmanned aerial vehicle submerged inlet through the formulation of a data-fusion-based hybrid model
Authors: Akram F. , Khan H. A. , Shams T. A. , Mavris D. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe research focuses on the design space optimisation of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) submerged inlets through the formulation of a hybrid data fusion methodology. Submerged inlets have drawn considerable attention owing to their potential for good on-design performance, for example during cruise flight conditions. However, complexities due to the geometrical topology and interactions among various design variables remain a challenge. This research enhances the current design knowledge of submerged inlets through the utilisation of data mining and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodologies, focusing on design space optimisation. A two-pronged approach is employed where the first step encompasses a low-fidelity model through data mining and surrogate modelling to predict and optimise the design parameters, while the second step uses the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach based on the CFD results for the candidate design geometry to construct a surrogate model with high fidelity for design refinement. The feasibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for the optimisation of the total pressure recovery of a NACA submerged inlet for the subsonic flight regime. The proposed methodology is found to provide good agreement between the surrogate and CFD-based model and reduce the optimisation processing time by half in comparison with conventional (global-based) CFD optimisation approaches.
Luminescence dating of Youfangbei early late Pleistocene site, Nihewan Basin, North China
Authors: Lu Ying , Sun Xuefeng , Zhao Hailong , Tan Peiyang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSites dated to the early late Pleistocene are still limited in North China, which has hindered the detailed analysis of the development of Paleolithic industries in the late Pleistocene in this area. The Youfangbei (YFB) site is a newly excavated small-flake-tool Paleolithic site near the Youfang (YF) microblade site in the Nihewan Basin, North China. Because the small-flake-tool industry still existed in the late part of the late Pleistocene and might be related to the emergence of microlithic industries, the relationship between the two sites needs to be determined through a chronological study. Two profiles were excavated, and most of the artifact assemblages were unearthed in the lower profile (T1) from a depth of 0.9 m from the bottom. In this study, the feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence method was applied to determine the age of the YFB site. Results showed that the upper profile was deposited from 86–0.5 ka, and the cultural layer in T1 yielded age of 124–82 ka, corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, with an irregular but generally mild climate. The age of the YFB site is too old to be directly related to that of the YF site, but it partly bridges a chronological gap of human occupation in the Nihewan Basin.
Association of smoking and cardiovascular disease with disease progression in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Shiwei , Gong Xiaowei , Yuan Yadong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically assess the association between smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and disease progression among novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)) cases. PubMed database and Cochrane Library database were searched by computer to seek the epidemiological data of COVID-19 cases and literatures regarding CVDs from 1 Jan to 6 October 2020. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data collection and the assessment of the risk of bias of the studies included. RevMan 5.2 software was employed for meta-analysis. Funnel plot was adopted to assess the publication bias. On the whole, 21 studies comprising 7041 COVID-19 cases were included. As revealed from the meta-analysis, 14.0% (984/7027) of cases had a history of smoking, and 9.7% (675/6931) were subject to underlying CVDs. Cases with a history of smoking achieved a higher rate of COVID-19 disease progression as opposed to those having not smoked (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.29–1.81, P < 0.00001), while no significant association could be found between smoking status and COVID-19 disease progression (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.93–1.63, P = 0.15). Besides, smoking history elevated the mortality rate by 1.91-fold (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.35–2.69, P = 0.0002). Moreover, underlying CVD elevated the incidence of severe disease by 2.87-fold (OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.29–3.61, P < 0.00001) and mortality by 3.05-fold (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.82–5.11, P < 0.0001) in COVID-19 cases. As demonstrated from the current evidence, smoking displays a strong association with COVID-19 disease progression and mortality, and intensive tobacco control is imperative. Moreover, cases with CVD show a significantly elevated risk of disease progression and death when subject to COVID-19. However, the association between COVID-19 and CVD, and the potential effect exerted by smoking in the development of the two still require further verifications by larger and higher quality studies.
DENSE STABLE RANK AND RUNGE-TYPE APPROXIMATION THEOREMS FOR MAPS
Authors: BRUDNYI ALEXANDER 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet$H^\infty ({\mathbb {D}}\times {\mathbb {N}})$be the Banach algebra of bounded holomorphic functions defined on the disjoint union of countably many copies of the open unit disk${\mathbb {D}}\subset {{\mathbb C}}$. We show that the dense stable rank of$H^\infty ({\mathbb {D}}\times {\mathbb {N}})$is$1$and, using this fact, prove some nonlinear Runge-type approximation theorems for$H^\infty ({\mathbb {D}}\times {\mathbb {N}})$maps. Then we apply these results to obtain a priori uniform estimates of norms of approximating maps in similar approximation problems for the algebra$H^\infty ({\mathbb {D}})$.
Croll, feedback mechanisms, climate change and the future
Authors: THOMPSON Roy 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTOur climate future depends on the delicate, fine balance of earth processes first elaborated on by James Croll, born 200 years ago in 1821. A childhood victim of the Scottish clearances, Croll, after following various indifferent occupations, managed to remove to the then rapidly industrialising city of Glasgow and eventually to Scotland's capital, Edinburgh. He blossomed as a most original, outside-the-box, thinker of great intellectual strength and modesty. He carried out scores of studies across a broad range of research topics, many related to the physical causes of climate change. He is well known for his astronomical theory of the ice ages, but should be much better regarded for his incisive physical insights into the central importance of feedbacks in the Earth system. Although humble, Croll was an ardent controversialist who strongly, perhaps over-strongly, always defended his corner. As well as his many accomplishments as a man of science, Croll was committed to exploring philosophical questions of theism and determinism, topics which occupied his earliest and last publications. A ‘top ten’ selection out of the varied subject areas that Croll tackled are explored herein, along with a brisk survey of their legacy to contemporary modelling studies and to Earth's climate future: (1) causes of climate change (1864); (2) ice-cap melt and sea-level rise (1865); (3) predicting future climates using eccentricity (1866); (4) combining orbital precession, eccentricity and obliquity (1867); (5) geological time and the date of the glacial epochs (1868); (6) geological time and denudation rates (1868); (7) ocean currents and the hemispherical temperature difference (1869); (8) feedbacks – a remarkable circumstance which led to changes of climate (1875); (9) temperature of space and its bearing on terrestrial physics (1880); (10) the causes of mild polar climates (1884).
The Impact of the Amazon on the Biological Pump and the Air‐Sea CO2 Balance of the Western Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Louchard Domitille , Gruber Nicolas , Münnich Matthias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Amazon River strongly modifies the biogeochemistry of the Western Tropical Atlantic (WTA). To disentangle the different mechanisms driving these modifications, we conduct a series of modeling experiments with a high‐resolution regional ocean model (ROMS) coupled to a biogeochemical/ecological model (BEC) that we augmented to include Diatom‐Diazotroph‐Assemblages (DDAs). In our model, the Amazon River increases net primary production (NPP) in the WTA by almost 10%, exceeding the stimulation expected from the supplied inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus by a factor of two. This amplification is fueled by new nitrogen stemming from DDA‐driven N2 fixation in the plume region, supported, in part, by the consumption of riverine dissolved organic phosphorus. The vertical export of organic carbon is enhanced by a shift of the phytoplankton community toward diatoms induced by the large amount of Si(OH)4 delivered by the Amazon. These changes in NPP and export production induce a strong uptake of atmospheric CO2. In contrast, the remineralization of the river‐delivered terrestrial organic matter leads to a release of CO2 over the WTA, which is partially offset by a net uptake induced by the riverine dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity. Overall, the Amazon reduces the strong outgassing of the WTA in our simulations by more than 50%. Our study demonstrates how rivers modify the marine biological pump and the air‐sea CO2 fluxes in the downstream ocean through a myriad of cascading effects, highlighting the need to fully consider the land‐ocean aquatic continuum in the modeling of the Earth System.
Ketamine disrupts naturalistic coding of working memory in primate lateral prefrontal cortex networks
Authors: Roussy Megan , Luna Rogelio , Duong Lyndon , Corrigan Benjamin , Gulli Roberto A. , Nogueira Ramon , Moreno-Bote Rubén , Sachs Adam J. , Palaniyappan Lena , Martinez-Trujillo Julio C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKetamine is a dissociative anesthetic drug, which has more recently emerged as a rapid-acting antidepressant. When acutely administered at subanesthetic doses, ketamine causes cognitive deficits like those observed in patients with schizophrenia, including impaired working memory. Although these effects have been linked to ketamine’s action as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, it is unclear how synaptic alterations translate into changes in brain microcircuit function that ultimately influence cognition. Here, we administered ketamine to rhesus monkeys during a spatial working memory task set in a naturalistic virtual environment. Ketamine induced transient working memory deficits while sparing perceptual and motor skills. Working memory deficits were accompanied by decreased responses of fast spiking inhibitory interneurons and increased responses of broad spiking excitatory neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex. This translated into a decrease in neuronal tuning and information encoded by neuronal populations about remembered locations. Our results demonstrate that ketamine differentially affects neuronal types in the neocortex; thus, it perturbs the excitation inhibition balance within prefrontal microcircuits and ultimately leads to selective working memory deficits.
Evaluation of the association of heterozygous germline variants in NTHL1 with breast cancer predisposition: an international multi-center study of 47,180 subjects
Authors: Li Na , Zethoven Magnus , McInerny Simone , Devereux Lisa , Huang Yu-Kuan , Thio Niko , Cheasley Dane , Gutiérrez-Enríquez Sara , Moles-Fernández Alejandro , Diez Orland , Nguyen-Dumont Tu , Southey Melissa C. , Hopper John L. , Simard Jacques , Dumont Martine , Soucy Penny , Meindl Alfons , Schmutzler Rita , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Adank Muriel A. , Andrulis Irene L. , Hahnen Eric , Engel Christoph , Lesueur Fabienne , Girard Elodie , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Allen Jamie , Easton Douglas F. , Scott Rodney J. , Gorringe Kylie L. , James Paul A. , Campbell Ian G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBi-allelic loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the base excision repair (BER) gene NTHL1 cause a high-risk hereditary multi-tumor syndrome that includes breast cancer, but the contribution of heterozygous variants to hereditary breast cancer is unknown. An analysis of 4985 women with breast cancer, enriched for familial features, and 4786 cancer-free women revealed significant enrichment for NTHL1 LoF variants. Immunohistochemistry confirmed reduced NTHL1 expression in tumors from heterozygous carriers but the NTHL1 bi-allelic loss characteristic mutational signature (SBS 30) was not present. The analysis was extended to 27,421 breast cancer cases and 19,759 controls from 10 international studies revealing 138 cases and 93 controls with a heterozygous LoF variant (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.82–1.39) and 316 cases and 179 controls with a missense variant (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09–1.57). Missense variants selected for deleterious features by a number of in silico bioinformatic prediction tools or located within the endonuclease III functional domain showed a stronger association with breast cancer. Somatic sequencing of breast cancers from carriers indicated that the risk associated with NTHL1 appears to operate through haploinsufficiency, consistent with other described low-penetrance breast cancer genes. Data from this very large international multicenter study suggests that heterozygous pathogenic germline coding variants in NTHL1 may be associated with low- to moderate- increased risk of breast cancer.
Planetary extravehicular activity (EVA) risk mitigation strategies for long-duration space missions
Authors: Belobrajdic Blaze , Melone Kate , Diaz-Artiles Ana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtravehicular activity (EVA) is one of the most dangerous activities of human space exploration. To ensure astronaut safety and mission success, it is imperative to identify and mitigate the inherent risks and challenges associated with EVAs. As we continue to explore beyond low earth orbit and embark on missions back to the Moon and onward to Mars, it becomes critical to reassess EVA risks in the context of a planetary surface, rather than in microgravity. This review addresses the primary risks associated with EVAs and identifies strategies that could be implemented to mitigate those risks during planetary surface exploration. Recent findings within the context of spacesuit design, Concept of Operations (CONOPS), and lessons learned from analog research sites are summarized, and how their application could pave the way for future long-duration space missions is discussed. In this context, we divided EVA risk mitigation strategies into two main categories: (1) spacesuit design and (2) CONOPS. Spacesuit design considerations include hypercapnia prevention, thermal regulation and humidity control, nutrition, hydration, waste management, health and fitness, decompression sickness, radiation shielding, and dust mitigation. Operational strategies discussed include astronaut fatigue and psychological stressors, communication delays, and the use of augmented reality/virtual reality technologies. Although there have been significant advances in EVA performance, further research and development are still warranted to enable safer and more efficient surface exploration activities in the upcoming future.
Emergent long-range magnetic order in ultrathin (111)-oriented LaNiO3 films
Authors: Kane Margaret M. , Vailionis Arturas , Riddiford Lauren J. , Mehta Apurva , N’Diaye Alpha T. , Klewe Christoph , Shafer Padraic , Arenholz Elke , Suzuki Yuri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe emergence of ferromagnetism in materials where the bulk phase does not show any magnetic order demonstrates that atomically precise films can stabilize distinct ground states and expands the phase space for the discovery of materials. Here, the emergence of long-range magnetic order is reported in ultrathin (111) LaNiO3 (LNO) films, where bulk LNO is paramagnetic, and the origins of this phase are explained. Transport and structural studies of LNO(111) films indicate that NiO6 octahedral distortions stabilize a magnetic insulating phase at the film/substrate interface and result in a thickness-dependent metal–insulator transition at t = 8 unit cells. Away from this interface, distortions relax and bulk-like conduction is regained. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction and dynamical x-ray diffraction simulations confirm a corresponding out-of-plane unit-cell expansion at the interface of all films. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that distortion stabilizes an increased concentration of Ni2+ ions. Evidence of long-range magnetic order is found in anomalous Hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements, likely due to ferromagnetic superexchange interactions among Ni2+–Ni3+ ions. Together, these results indicate that long-range magnetic ordering and metallicity in LNO(111) films emerges from a balance among the spin, charge, lattice, and orbital degrees of freedom.
GWAS analysis reveals distinct pathogenicity profiles of Australian Parastagonospora nodorum isolates and identification of marker-trait-associations to septoria nodorum blotch
Authors: Phan Huyen T. T. , Furuki Eiko , Hunziker Lukas , Rybak Kasia , Tan Kar-Chun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe fungus Parastagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of septoria nodorum leaf blotch (SNB) and glume blotch which are common in many wheat growing regions in the world. The disease is complex and could be explained by multiple interactions between necrotrophic effectors secreted by the pathogen and matching susceptibility genes in wheat. An Australian P. nodorum population was clustered into five groups with contrasting properties. This study was set to identify their pathogenicity profiles using a diverse wheat panel of 134 accessions which are insensitive to SnToxA and SnTox1 in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. SNB seedling resistance/susceptibility to five representative isolates from the five clusters, responses to crude culture-filtrates (CFs) of three isolates and sensitivity to SnTox3 semi-purified effector together with 11,455 SNP markers have been used for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and association analyses. While quantitative trait loci (QTL) on 1D, 2A, 2B, 4B, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7A, 7D chromosomes were consistently detected across isolates and conditions, distinct patterns and isolate specific QTL were also observed among these isolates. In this study, SnTox3–Snn3-B1 interaction for the first time in Australia and SnTox3–Snn3-D1 interaction for the first time in bread wheat were found active using wild-type isolates. These findings could be due to new SnTox3 haplotype/isoform and exotic CIMMYT/ICARDA and Vavilov germplasm used, respectively. This study could provide useful information for dissecting novel and different SNB disease components, helping to prioritise research targets and contributing valuable information on genetic loci/markers for marker-assisted selection in SNB resistance wheat breeding programme.