bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction and myopericarditis during a pandemic
Authors: Konstantinova E. V. , Atabegashvili M. R. , Savicheva A. A. , Nesterov A. P. , Gilyarov M. Yu. 
Published: September 2021

Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and acute myopericarditis during the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic appear to be a relevant and interesting issue.We present a clinical case of a 55-year-old female patient with an atypical presentation of NSTEMI. Initially, the disease resembles an acute viral infection. It was known that the patient came in contact with COVID-19 infection. Taking into account that the patient had dull left chest pain unrelated to physical activities, low-grade fever, elevated levels of troponin T and acute phase reactants, absence of wall motion abnormalities, the patient was assessed as having acute viral myopericarditis. Contrastenhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed signs of myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography confirmed myocardial infarction and the patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In the article we discuss the value of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and MRI in the NSTEMI diagnosis, and also additional difficulties in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Due to high probability of myopericarditis the patient received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs instead of optimal medical therapy and early PCI. Our clinical case demonstrates that despite of COVID-19 pandemic significant elevation of troponin level requires adherence to the acute myocardial infarction algorithm.
Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose transporter type 2 and new possibilities for managing vascular age in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Khalimov I. Sh. , Rubtsov Yu. Ye. , Salukhov V. V. , Agafonov P. V. 
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of vascular aging as a combination of the influence on the body of genetic, environmental, regulatory, metabolic and other factors causing biochemical, enzymatic and cellular changes in the arterial vascular bed. The concept of “early vascular aging” and “healthy vascular aging” is defined depending on the ratio of the biological and chronological age of the vessels. The role of diabetes mellitus in increasing vascular stiffness, early vascular aging, as well as the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their complications is considered in detail. Approaches to multifactorial management of vascular age in patients with type 2 diabetes (lifestyle modification with strategy of aggressive treatment of modifiers of atherosclerosis, rejection of bad habits, adherence to dietary recommendations and the use of modern organo- and vasoprotective antidiabetic drugs) are revealed. The mechanism of realization of vasoprotective effects of inhibitors of sodium-glucose transporter-2 (iNGLT-2) is described in detail. The results of completed large random ized trials EMPA-REG Outcome and EMPA-REG BP of the most studied representative of the IGLT-2 group, empagliflozin, are presented. It has been shown that due to their glucose and natriuretic effects, the ability to reduce body weight and blood pressure, improve myocardial metabolism and bioenergetics, decrease the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, as well as positive effects on vascular stiffness, NGLT-2 inhibitors are the drugs of choice in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. This makes it possible to widely use this group of drugs for managing the vascular age of patients and represents a new opportunity in the prevention of vascular aging in T2DM.
The role of antioxidant therapy in enhancing the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology programs
Authors: Syrkasheva A. G. , Dolgushina N. V. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Infertility, i.e. the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy within 12 months of a regular sexual life without contraception, is a current medical problem and affects up to 15-25% of married couples in Western countries.Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic prescription of antioxidants in preparation for cycles of assisted reproductive technology (ART) depending on the level of anthropogenic chemicals in the patient’s body.Materials and methods. A randomized clinical trial included 144 patients with infertility who applied for ART. Prior to ART treatment, all patients were determined the level of anthropogenic chemical substances (ACS) in the blood by mass spectrometry. The concentration of the following substances was determined: mercury, cadmium, lead, and bisphenol A. The patients were divided into groups depending on the level of ACS: group 1 consisted of 72 patients with high level of ACS (5 points or more), group 2 consisted of 72 patients with low level of ACS. Antioxidant therapy in the experimental group was performed for 2 months before ART. Coenzyme Q10 300 mg/day orally, eicosapentaenoic acid 300 mg/day orally, and docosahexaenoic acid 200 mg/day orally were used as antioxidant therapy. All patients in the control group did not take antioxidant medications for at least 6 months before entering the ART cycle.Results. When evaluating the clinical outcomes of ART cycles, a positive effect of antioxidant therapy was noted in both patients with high and low levels of ACS; as a result, the chances of pregnancy were 2.3 times higher in the group of patients who received antioxidant therapy compared to the control group. The number of patients treated was 5 for both the total patient group and the subgroups depending on the level of ACS.Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to recommend the prescription of antioxidant therapy to prepare patients for ART programs.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO “MARCO DE SENDAI” PARA A MINERAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Silveira Tânia Maria 
Published: September 2021

O Marco de Sendai é o mais recente acordo das Nações Unidas para a redução substancial do risco de desastres no mundo. Foi adotado pelos países membros em março de 2015 e tem vigência até 2030. Esse instrumento internacional recomenda um conjunto amplo e bem fundamentado de proposições e metas a todas as partes interessadas nesse tema. Os desastres na mineração, em especial o rompimento das barragens de rejeitos em Mariana (2015) e Brumadinho (2019), despertaram a atenção para os riscos da exploração mineral. A mineração é um setor estratégico da economia brasileira há mais de trezentos anos, mas também é uma atividade arriscada que tem causado enormes danos ao meio ambiente e incalculáveis prejuízos à população. Esta contradição fundamenta o dilema da produção mineral. Tais ponderações suscitaram o interesse em identificar as contribuições do Marco de Sendai para a mineração brasileira. Este estudo se justifica pela complexidade do risco de desastres na mineração e pela importância desse acordo internacional. A metodologia utilizada consiste em uma pesquisa exploratória, com base em referências bibliográficas, artigos científicos, relatórios e notícias disponíveis no Google Search. A análise foi feita a partir dos dados qualitativos buscando correlacionar as informações sobre a mineração com sete elementos estruturantes do acordo internacional: período, finalidade (objetivo, resultado, metas), componentes principais, implementação por abordagem multissetorial, princípios, prioridades, papel das partes interessadas (empresas). Constatou-se que as recomendações desse acordo são proposições coerentes, urgentes e pertinentes aos problemas da mineração brasileira.
Spatiotemporal variability of soil-water characteristic curve model parameters of Lanzhou collapsible loess
Authors: Zhao Wenju , Liu Yuhang , Hu Jiazhen , Li Zongli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The spatiotemporal variation of the model parameters of the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) reflect the soil water holding capacity and soil pore distribution state. It is an integral part of interdisciplinary disciplines such as soil hydrodynamics and ecohydrology. The authors selected the optimal SWCC model for the Lanzhou collapsible loess, used classical statistics and geostatistics methods to study the spatiotemporal variability of the SWCC model parameters, and using the comprehensive comparison of the mean relative differences (MRD), standard deviations (SDRD) and an index of temporal stability (ITS) determined the representativeness measuring point. The results showed that the SWCC parameter α was medium variability in the 0–30 cm soil layer, n and θs were of low variability, and the spatial distribution of the parameters of different soil layers was consistent. Migration direction prediction of θs was very similar in each layer, α, n and θs were all strongly significantly correlated positively. Moreover, the determination coefficient of representative measuring point 16 had the highest prediction accuracy for the measured values of SWCC. The results of this paper can be used as a simple method to predict SWCC and provide theoretical guidance for soil water management and soil collapse erosion monitoring in the collapsible loess area.
Estimating output flow depth from Rockfill Porous media
Authors: Norouzi Hadi , Hasani Mohammad Hosein , Bazargan Jalal , Shoaei Seyed Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To analyze the flow in a rockfill porous media using the Gradually Varied Flows theory (one-dimensional flow analysis) and solving the Parkin equation (two-dimensional flow analysis), calculation of the output flow depth as the downstream boundary condition is of great importance. In most previous studies, the output flow depth has been considered equal to the critical depth. In the rockfill porous media, unlike free surface channels, the fluid weight is exerted to the aggregates in addition to the flow, and therefore, the output flow depth from the rockfill is always greater than the critical depth (flow leaves the rockfill with a specific energy greater than the critical energy), and is expressed as a coefficient (Γ) of the critical depth. In the present study, using dimensional analysis and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and experimental data in different conditions (a total of 178 experimental data for rounded, crashed, Glass artificial materials with rhomboid structure, Glass artificial materials with cubic structure, sandy natural materials), an equation was presented to calculate the mentioned coefficient as a function of the physical characteristics of the rockfill porous media as well as the flow that can be used for all experimental conditions with high accuracy. If the output flow depth is considered to be equal to the critical depth, the mean relative error (MRE) in terms of using the experimental data of the mentioned materials separately and for the data of all the mentioned materials together was equal to 84.40, 83.81, 60.62, 67.68, 74.82 and 69.96%, respectively. In the case of using the proposed equation in the present study, the corresponding values of 5.49, 4.72, 6.24, 4.41, 6.42 and 8.99% were calculated, respectively.
Carbohydrazide Analogues: A Review of Synthesis and Biological Activities
Authors: Onyeyilim Ebuka Leonard , Ezeokonkwo Mercy Amarachi , Ugwu David Izuchukwu , Uzoewulu Chiamaka Peace , Eze Florence Uchenna , Okonkwo Vivian Ifeoma , Eze Cosmas Chinweike , Ezugwu James Anayochukwu 
Published: September 2021

:Carbohydrazides and their Schiff bases are important classes of heterocycles that are not only employed in the area of organic chemistry but also have tremendous applications in physical and inorganic chemistry. A series of potentially bioactive compounds containing carbohydrazide functionality and their hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized and screened for antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal and anti-inflammatory, etc. This brief review discloses some synthetic routes to so many reported carbohydrazides, their Schiff bases, their biological activities, and their structure-activity relationship.
An Overview of Synthesis and Biological Activity of Dihydropyrimidine
Derivatives
Authors: Dudhe Anshu Chaudhary , Dudhe Rupesh , Porwal Omji , katole Gayatri 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Dihydropyrimidine derivatives are the most important scaffolds due to structural similarities
with natural products; it is a heterocyclic compound. The chemistry of Dihydropyrimidine is a
growing field. Various reaction schemes for the preparation of Dihydropyrimidines produce different
biological effects and offer vast scope in the field of medicinal chemistry. This article's goal is to analyze
the work that reported the recent chemistry and pharmacological activities of dihydropyrimidine
derivatives.
The Effect of Uphill and Downhill Eerobic Exercises on Serum Apolipoprotein
A1 and Apolipoprotein B Levels and their Ratio in Patients with
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Yazdani Rostam , Marefati Hamid , Shahesmaeili Armita , Bagheri Alireza , Langari Ahmad Alinaghi , Nakhaei Samira , Amiri Mahmoud , Kameshki Halimeh 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health issue
worldwide.

Introduction:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercises at steep surfaces on Apo
A1 and Apo B serum levels and their ratio in COPD patients.

Methods:
This interventional study was undertaken on 16 COPD patients. The sample was selected
by using the random sampling method. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 8 members:
uphill and downhill. Spirometry was conducted prior to the exercises and pulmonary volumes
were measured. Aerobic exercises (stationary bicycle and treadmill) were started 3 times a week
for 8 weeks. The duration of exercises in each session was determined based on the patients’ ability
(30-40 min). In the first and second group, exercises were performed on sloped surfaces that
were downwards and upwards at a 10-degree angle, respectively. Blood samples were taken from
the patients before and after the 8 weeks. Apo A1 and Apo B serum levels and Apo A1 to Apo B ratio
were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
ApoA1/Apo B ratio in the uphill group before and after the intervention was 1.43±0.21
and 1.53±0.24 mg/dL, respectively, with P-value=0.36. In the downhill group, this value was
1.27±0.17 and 1.30±0.18, respectively, with a P-value=0.032.

Conclusion:
In light of the results of the present study, incorporating downhill exercises in COPD
patients' rehabilitation program can help improve pulmonary function and prevent atherosclerotic
events.
Comparison of Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction Following Cataract Surgery with Two Monofocal Intraocular Lenses: Clareon® vs AcrySof® IQ Monofocal
Authors: Agarwal Smita , Thornell Erin 
Published: September 2021

Aim:
This study aimed to compare the performance of two monofocal Intraocular Lenses (IOL) platforms.

Background:
The Clareon® Intraocular Lens (IOL) is a relatively new monofocal lens platform designed to improve postoperative results compared to other monofocal platforms.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess and compare the visual and refractive outcomes, and incidence of YAG capsulotomy of the Clareon® IOL and a standard non-preloaded AcrySof® monofocal IOL following contralateral implantation in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods:
A total of 20 patients (40 eyes; 12 female, average age 72.8±6.4 years) who had undergone contralateral implantation of an AcrySof® IQ monofocal lens (SN60WF or SN6AT; Alcon; Texas, USA) and a Clareon®monofocal lens (CNAOT0; Alcon; Texas, USA) were selected. Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA), Contrast Sensitivity (CS), kinetic perimetry, and refraction were measured 1 month following the second surgery and subjective vision was measured 6 months following the second surgery using a quality-of-life questionnaire.

Results:
There was no difference in postoperative UDVA (P=0.94), CS (P>0.05), or refraction (P=0.64) between eyes that received the Clareon® and AcrySof® IQ lenses. Clareon® eyes had a higher incidence of glare/haloes and positive dysphotopsia while AcrySof® IQ eyes had a higher incidence of negative dysphotopsia. Patient satisfaction was similar between the groups (P=0.86), although 25% of patients reported more clarity in the eye that received the Clareon® lens. The incidence of posterior capsular opacification was low for both groups.

Conclusion:
Clareon® and AcrySof® IQ lenses perform similarly, providing good refractive, visual, and subjective outcomes. Clareon® is available as a preloaded lens option and may reduce PCO and the need for Nd: YAG capsulotomy.
Knowledge of Students regarding HIV/AIDS at a Rural University in South Africa
Authors: Murwira Tinotenda S. , Khoza Lunic B. , Mabunda Jabu T. , Maputle Sonto M. , Mpeta Mamotena , Nunu Wilfred N. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is essential for facilitating safer sexual behaviour hence, it is important in controlling HIV. Therefore, in the absence of a cure for the pandemic, adequate knowledge about the virus remains the backbone of prevention efforts.Objective:To assess the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among undergraduate students at a rural university in Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative survey-based study was conducted at a rural-based university in South Africa. Stratified random sampling was used to select 345 students. A self-administered questionnaire composed of 26 questions was utilised to gather data and the data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Multiple logistic regression and chi-square tests [χ2] were employed to determine the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and demographic variables.Results:The overall HIV/AIDS knowledge score of students shows that (74)21% had a poor level of knowledge, (126)37% had average knowledge, and (145)42% had adequate knowledge. There was no significant difference between male and female students regarding their knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Factors, such as age, level of study, the field of study, and religion, were not significantly associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge. However, the race was significantly associated with knowledge with coloureds and mixed races, almost six times less knowledgeable than blacks.Conclusion:In conclusion, students had inadequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS facts, transmission routes, and prevention aspects were also prevalent among students. The present study accentuates the need for providing students with more HIV/AIDS education to fill HIV knowledge gaps and misconceptions.
Analisa Banjir Kali Pekalen Kabupaten Probolinggo Menggunakan Aplikasi HEC â€“ RAS
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Adnan , Asmaranto Runi , Dermawan Very 
Published: September 2021

The upstream area of the Pekalen watershed has undergone land-use changes, resulting in sedimentation, which resulted in a reduction in the river's existing ability to accommodate water discharge. Therefore, it caused the problem of flooding around the Kali Pekalen area. Hence, to determine the river's existing capabilities and find alternative solutions to the flood problem, an analysis of the Kali Pekalen's capacity using the HEC-RAS application was carried out by the researcher. The research process was conducted in the upstream, middle, and downstream rivers with a Q50 year return period using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph. Based on the analysis results that have been carried out, there are 163 stakes in the area unable to accommodate the discharge. As a solution to the problem, the 163 pegs in Kali Pekalen were installed with embankments with the Concrete Sheet Pile (CCSP) design which had a length of 12 m and a depth of 6.45 m from the riverbed.Â Wilayah hulu DAS Pekalen mengalami perubahan tata guna lahan yang menyebabkan terjadinya sedimentasi pada Kali Pekalen. Dengan adanya sedimentasi tersebut, maka dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya kemampuan eksisting sungai untuk menampung debit, sehingga menyebabkan masalah banjir di sekitar wilayah Kali Pekalen. Dalam hal ini maka dilakukan analisa kapasitas Kali Pekalen dengan menggunakan aplikasi HEC-RAS untuk mengetahui kemampuan eksisting sungai dan juga mengetahui alternatif penyelesaian dari masalah banjir tersebut. Untuk melakukan analisa tersebut diperlukan analisa hidrologi untuk mendapatkan debit banjir rancangan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencari debit banjir rancangan yaitu dengan menggunakan Hidrograf Satuan Sintetis Nakayasu dengan kala ulang Q50 th untuk wilayah hulu, tengah, dan hilir Kali Pekalen. Setelah mendapatkan hasil perhitungan debit banjir rancangan, maka dilakukan analisa aliran dengan menggunakan aplikasi HEC-RAS 5.0.7. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang telah dilakukan, terdapat 163 ruas patok di wilayah hulu, tengah dan hilir Kali Pekalen yang tidak mampu menampung debit. Sehingga ada 163 ruas patok di Kali pekalen yang dipasang tanggul dengan desain Concrete Sheet Pile (CCSP) yang memiliki panjang 12 m, dan kedalaman 6,45 m dari dasar sungai.
Studi Optimasi Pemanfaatan Air Irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Gumbasa Kabupaten Sigi Menggunakan Program Linier
Authors: Shihab Muhammad Qurais , Limantara Lily Montarcih , Suhartanto Ery 
Published: September 2021

Daerah Irigasi Gumbasa memiliki luas baku sawah sebesar 1737 hektar. ditemukan beberapa permasalahan seperti pola tata tanam yang dibuat oleh Dinas Pengairan tidak sejalan dengan kondisi lapangan serta air yang tersedia di Bendung Gumbasa tidak mencukupi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air irigasi pada musim kemarau. Agar ketersediaan air dapat mencukupi kebutuhan diperlukan pengoptimalan luas areal yang dapat terairi dari ketersediaan air irigasi yang ada dengan menggunakan program linier agar dapat diperoleh manfaat maksimal dengan keterbatasan sumber daya yang ada. Studi ini mempunyai masalah kekeringan pada rata â€“ rata dalam setahun dapat teratasi berawal dari 33,3% periode tercukupi menjadi 100%, intensitas tanam 40,97% menjadi 165,177% serta keuntungan bersih yang meningkat dari Rp. 7.815.404,895 Per tahun menjadi Rp. 32.969.542,295 dengan kondisi debit andalan 97%. Sedangkan pada kondisi debit andalan 80% berawal dari 79,17% periode tercukupi menjadi 100%, intensitas tanam dari 106,94% menjadi 262,5% serta keuntungan bersih yang meningkat dari Â Rp. 20.399.617,696 per tahun menjadi Rp. 49.682.562,315. Untuk kondisi debit andalan 75% berawal dari 91,68% periode terpenuhi menjadi 100%, intensitas tanam 124,58% menjadi 247,44% serta keuntungan bersih yang meningkat dari Rp. 23.765.038,614 menjadi keuntungan maksimum yaitu Rp. 50.135.817,479. Untuk kondisi debit andalan 50% dan 30% tidak di optimasi dikarenakan ketersediaan airnya memenuhi kebutuhan air irigasi.