bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Kinase C Alpha Acting Through Phorbol-12-Myristate 13-Acetate Regulates Nephronectin Gene Expression Via c-Jun and c-Fos Transcription Factors
Authors: Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Yamada Atsushi , Sasa Kiyohito , Ikezaki Kaori , Shirota Tatsuo , Kamijo Ryutaro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nephronectin (Npnt) is an extracellular matrix protein and ligand of integrin α8β1 known to promote differentiation of osteoblasts. A search for factors that regulate Npnt gene expression in osteoblasts revealed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which activates protein kinase C (PKC), had a strong effect to suppress that expression. Research was then conducted to elucidate the signaling pathway responsible for regulation of Npnt gene expression by PMA in osteoblasts. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with PMA suppressed cell differentiation and Npnt gene expression. Effects were noted at a low concentration of PMA, and were time- and dose-dependent. Furthermore, treatment with the PKC signal inhibitor Gö6983 inhibited down-regulation of Npnt expression, while transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of PKCα, c-Jun, and c-Fos suppressed that down-regulation. The present results suggest regulation of Npnt gene expression via the PKCα and c-Jun/c-Fos pathway.
Processing of Visual Statistics of Naturalistic Videos in Macaque Visual Areas V1 and V4
Authors: Hatanaka Gaku , Inagakai Mikio , Takeuchi Ryosuke F , Nishimoto Shinji , Ikezoe Koji , Fujita Ichiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Natural scenes are characterized by diverse image statistics, including various parameters of the luminance histogram, outputs of Gabor-like filters, and pairwise correlations between the filter outputs of different positions, orientations, and scales (Potilla-Simoncelli statistics). Some of these statistics capture the response properties of visual neurons. However, it remains unclear to what extent such statistics can explain neural responses to natural scenes and how neurons that are tuned to these statistics are distributed across the cortex. By using two-photon calcium imaging and an encoding-model approach, we addressed these issues in macaque visual areas V1 and V4. For each imaged neuron, we constructed an encoding model to mimic its responses to naturalistic videos. By extracting Potilla-Simoncelli statistics through outputs of both filters and filter correlations, and by computing an optimally weighted sum of these outputs, the model successfully reproduced responses in a subpopulation of neurons. We evaluated the selectivities of these neurons by quantifying the contributions of each statistic to visual responses. Neurons whose responses were mainly determined by Gabor-like filter outputs (low-level statistics) were abundant at most imaging sites in V1. In V4, the relative contribution of higher-order statistics, such as cross-scale correlation, was increased, and the neuronal selectivities varied markedly across sites; many sites included numerous neurons sensitive to luminance histogram parameters and/or correlation statistics, whereas some sites were dominated by neurons responding to low-level statistics. The results indicate that natural scene analysis progresses from V1 to V4, and neurons sharing preferred image statistics are locally clustered in V4.
An Innovative Prostate Cancer Detection Method via Model Checking
Authors: Santone Antonella , Mercaldo Francesco , Brunese Maria Chiara , Donnarumma Federico , Guerriero Pasquale , Reginelli Alfonso 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: one of typical cancer among men is the prostate tumour. This is the reason why the screening and the early detection is a crucial task to obtain a diagnosis and a subsequent therapy in the shortest possible time. Materials and Methods: in this paper, with the aim to help radiologists and pathologists for a prompt diagnosis, a method for detecting prostate cancer is proposed. Our analysis starts from the magnetic resonances images (coronal and axial planes), building a labelled transition system for coronal slices and another one for axial, which takes into account a number of non invasive radiomic features. Thus, a set of formulae in temporal logic characterizing the prostate cancer is verified through the model checking technique, to detect the prostate cancer. The proposed method considers magnetic resonance images without the Region Of Interest. This represents one of the major novelty of the method. Results: the proposed method is evaluated on a data-set composed of 40 patients, obtaining very interesting performances in the discrimination between affected and not affected prostate cancer patients. Conclusion: the study confirms the effectiveness of the formal methods to discriminate between cancerous and benign prostate MRIs with a method not requiring the ROI of the cancerous area, by obtaining a sensitivity and a specificity equal to 1.
Syndrome of the Trephined: Clinical Spectrum, Risk Factors, and Impact of Cranioplasty on Neurological Recovery in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Sveikata Lukas , Vasung Lana , Rahal Amir El , Bartoli Andrea , Bretzner Martin , Schaller Karl , Schnider Armin , Leemann Béatrice 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Syndrome of the Trephined (SoT) is an underrecognized complication after decompressive craniectomy. We aimed to investigate SoT incidence, clinical spectrum, risk factors, and the impact of the cranioplasty on neurological recovery.Methods: Patients undergoing a large craniectomy (>80 cm2) and cranioplasty were prospectively evaluated using modified Rankin score (mRS) and cognitive (attention, processing speed, executive function, language, visuospatial neglect), motor (Motricity Index, Jamar dynamometer, postural score, gait assessment), and radiological evaluation within four days before and after cranioplasty. The primary outcome was SoT, diagnosed when a neurological improvement was observed after the cranioplasty. The secondary outcome was good outcome (mRS 0-3) four days and 90 days after the cranioplasty. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors for SoT and the impact of cranioplasty timing on neurological recovery.Results: twenty-six patients (65%) developed SoT and improved after cranioplasty. Brain trauma, hemorrhagic lesions, and shifting of brain structures were associated with SoT. After cranioplasty, a shift towards a good outcome was observed within four days (p=0.025) and persisted at 90 days (p=0.005). Increasing delay to cranioplasty was associated with decreased odds of improvement when adjusting for age and baseline disability (odds ratio 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99 p=0.012).Conclusions: SoT is frequent after craniectomy and interferes with recovery. A high suspicion of SoT should be exercised in patients who fail to progress or have a previous trauma, hemorrhage, or shifting of brain structures. Performing the cranioplasty earlier was associated with improved and quantifiable neurological recovery.
Unreferenced Spatial Localization Under Monocular and Dichoptic Viewing Conditions
Authors: Karsolia Apoorva , Das Vallabh E. , Stevenson Scott B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of eye position in the brain is critical for localization of objects in space. To investigate the accuracy and precision of eye position feedback in an unreferenced environment, subjects with normal ocular alignment attempted to localize briefly presented targets during monocular and dichoptic viewing. In the task, subjects’ used a computer mouse to position a response disk at the remembered location of the target. Under dichoptic viewing (with red (right eye) - green (left eye) glasses), target and response disks were presented to the same or alternate eyes, leading to four conditions [green target – green response cue (LL), green-red (LR), red-green (RL), and red-red (RR)]. Time interval between target and response disks was varied and localization errors were the difference between the estimated and real positions of the target disk. Overall, the precision of spatial localization (variance across trials) became progressively worse with time. Under dichoptic viewing, localization errors were significantly greater for alternate-eye trials as compared to same-eye trials and were correlated to the average phoria of each subject. We suggest that during these tasks, subjects are unable to compensate for their phoria, implying that oculomotor proprioception may not provide the required feedback of eye position.
Predictive Value of Preoperative Computed Tomography in Sternotomy for Substernal Goiter
Authors: Zhao Da-Wei , Xiang Tai-Hua , Sun Yi-Zeng , Li Yao , Cui Xiang , Liang Yan , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to validate the predictors of peropertive computed tomography imaging parameters for sternotomy in patients with substernal goiter.Methods We retrospectively reviewed complete clinical and computed tomography data of 37 patients who had substernal goiter and underwent surgery from January 2010 to February 2019. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether or not underwent sternotomy surgery. The maximum length and width, length behind sternum of tumors were measured on preoperative computed tomography images, the volume above and below sternum, and total volume of tumors was calculated. Logstic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to identify siginificant predictors associated with sternotomy.Results Out of a total of 37 patients, 4 patients (10.8%) underwent sternotomy. The length, width and length behind sternum, as well as the volume below sternum and the total volume of tumors were significantly greater in patients with sternotomy compared to those without sternotomy (all P<0.05). The length behind sternum (OR 1.152, 95% CI: 1.012-1.312, P = 0.033) of tumors was the simple and convenient predictor for sternotomy in substernal goiter. The optimal cut-off value of length behind sternum was 46.7 mm (area under the curve: 0.962, 95% CI: 0.896-1.028, P ≤ 0.01), and the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 87.9%, respectively.Conclusion Computed tomography examination plays an important role in determining the surgery need for substernal goiter. The length behind sternum of tumor is a convenient and independent predictor of sternotomy for substernal goiter.
Analysis Focusing on Plasma Von Willebrand Factor in Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy and Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Hirai Hiromasa , Yamashita Mariko , Matsumoto Masanori , Hayakawa Masaki , Sakai Kazuya , Ueda Tetsuo , Ogata Nahoko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) is a new disease concept. Some cases diagnosed as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have been re-diagnosed as PNV. However, the biological features of PNV are still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare PNV and AMD by an analysis focusing on von Willebrand factor (VWF) and complement factor H (CFH). Ninety-seven patients who were previously diagnosed with treatment naïve AMD were enrolled in this study. They were re-classified PNV and AMD based on the clinical criteria and 33 patients were classified as PNV and 64 patients as AMD. We examined the clinical data and performed VWF multimer analysis and genetic polymorphisms in the CFH. PNV group was significantly younger than AMD group. The presence of unusually large VWF multimers (UL-VWFMs) and subretinal hemorrhage was significantly higher in PNV than in AMD. In the CFH I62V, allele A tended to be more frequent in PNV group and recessive homozygous (AA) was found only in PNV group. Thus, the genetic alternations in CFH may result in the residual UL-VWFMs and platelet thrombosis in the choriocapillaris of PNV. In conclusion, our results suggest the biological differences between PNV and AMD.
Green Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Murraya Koenigii Leaves Extract for Biomedical Application
Authors: M Sivakami , K Renuka Devi , R Renuka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles is the method with eco-friendly, cost-effectiveness, and ease of resource availability approach. Nowadays, magnetic nanoparticles need increased due to its use in magnetic sensing, medical imaging, waste water treatment, and antibiotic drugs. In this report, the ecofriendly green synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were efficiently synthesized by using Murraya koenigii leaves extract. UV-visible spectrum revealed the surface Plasmon resonance band at 240 nm and analyzed the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction pattern determined its high crystalline nature with strong intense peaks. Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrum illustrated the Fe and O bonding stretching vibration. The particle size distribution graph showed the formed particles are in nanometer range. Transmission Electron Micrographs realized the spherical shaped iron oxide nanoparticles with its size at 10–25 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrum and mapping analysis revealed the purity of prepared nanoparticles with only Fe and O presence. The vibrating sample magnetometer analysis showed the paramagnetic behavior of prepared magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The antimicrobial assay revealed potent inhibition of iron oxide nanoparticles on various human pathogens. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic assays revealed the biomedical behavior of iron oxide nanoparticles.
New hydrogen atom model and radiation absorption mechanism
Authors: Wang Xiaoen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Only Coulomb force is considered in Bohr model. It is found that electron in ground state hydrogen atom is also affected by Lorentz force of the same magnitude. Under the combined action of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, the radius of hydrogen atom is twice that of Bohr, and the rotation frequency of electron is half that of Bohr. The "half frequency" problem of Bohr's theory is solved, and the quantization result of the energy level of hydrogen atom is obtained by using the standing wave condition of quantum mechanics. The mechanism and details of photon absorption by hydrogen atom are analyzed and explained, and the physical meaning of Planck constant is explained.
An observation study of the implementation and quality of a policy-based early childhood education program for newly arrived refugee children in Germany
Authors: Busch Julian , Buchmüller Thimo , Leyendecker Birgit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Early childhood education [ECE] can support the development and adjustment of refugee children - though the large numbers of newly arriving refugee families challenge ECE capacities of hosting countries. In Germany, a specialized ECE policy funds programs for refugee families at scale. As that policy provides only few regulations, implementation and ECE quality at program-level remain unknown. In formative research, we categorized programs and assembled ECE quality measures. We then examined ECE quality in standardized observation procedures. The policy-based programs were differently implemented in mobile concepts/ temporary set-ups, improvised settings or in formal settings for education. For ECE quality, we found that structural quality depended on implementation settings while process quality, as referring to social-emotional support, was consistently high. Our research process yielded a dearth of tools to comparatively assess ECE quality among heterogenous programs at population- and program-levels with respect to the needs of specific target groups. Flexible programs with limited regulations, allowing locally adapted implementation strategies, are likely an innovative approach to support refugee children’s development after migration.
Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among mothers with infants aged less than six months in Nono, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fufa Gerba , Solomon Tesfaye , Girma Teka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Exclusive breastfeeding is the best and cost effective intervention to prevent childhood morbidities and mortalities in developing countries. But there was no evidence in the study area regarding the practice of exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors in a rural district, Western part of Ethiopia.
Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 15–30, 2020 among 565 mothers who have an infant less than six months in Nono District. Study participants were selected using random sampling. Data on infant breastfeeding practice were collected by trained interviewers by using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.
Results

A total of 565 participants were participated in this study, giving a 95.9% response rate. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 70.8%. Age of Mothers (AOR = 2.67, 95%CI = 1.79, 4.60), attended antenatal care during the recent pregnancy (AOR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.31,4.71), attended delivery in health facilities (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.21,2.11), having information about exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.13,4.76) and knowing the importance of exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.73) were associated factors with exclusively breastfeeding.
Conclusions

The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants less than six months in the Nono district was 70.8%. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding were the age of mothers, antenatal care service utilization, place of birth, mothers' information about breastfeeding, and knowledge of mothers about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, it is recommended that awareness should be continuously raised and pregnant women should be encouraged to attend health facilities for antenatal care and delivery by health service providers hence improving exclusive breastfeeding.
Misuse of antibiotic among university and higher education students in Sudan a cross-sectional, July 2020.
Authors: ALHAJ HASSAN HAMED MOHAMMED , Al-lahawi Alaa Mirgani Babiker , Al-abeed Mohammed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , F.Abubakar Yassir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Misuse of antibiotics therapy refers to failure to end therapy, skipping of doses, re-use of left over. In Sudan, antibiotic resistance is notably high and is attributed to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. A lot of studies reported improper antibiotic use among university students .Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional analytical research was done among university and higher education student, using an online-based questionnaire to study misuse of antibiotics and it’s relation to different geographical areas in Sudan. The data was analyzed by SPPS version 25.0.Results: The majority of the participants were female (62%) and most of them had age more than 20 years. Assessment of antibiotics misuse revealed that many participants don’t have adequate behaviour toward antibiotics use. Only 48% stated that they will visit doctor when feel diseased,37% of the participants stop taking medication when feel better. Moreover 79% use antibiotics as prophylaxis. Comparing antibiotic misuse between type of study groups and parents medical background , those who study a non medical field stop their antibiotic course when feel better more (P value <.001). taking antibiotic for common cold was more common in students outside medical fields and those whose parents have medical background.Adjusted regression models showed significant association between using antibiotics without prescription and gender as females use more antibiotics than males 1.6 times. Completing antibiotics course was significantly associated with both type of study and age as medical students and higher age groups practice better. Conclusion:Our study provides a good idea about misuse of antibiotics among universities and higher education students regardless of residency area.
Diagnostic yield of Calcofluor White in the identification of candida albicans in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chinnasamy Alagesan , Ramalingam Karthikeyan , Nayak Sushruth , Rai Vikranth , Gopinath Vidhya , Chawla Gurveen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although oral cancer is multifactorial in origin only few had evaluated the diagnostic parameters for candidal infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aims to compare and assess the accuracy of Calcofluor Whilte (CFW) to that of conventional staining methods to identify the presence of candidal infection in OSCC. Archival collection of 43 OSCC were retrieved for this investigation. Standard staining protocol was followed for the index test (CFW) and reference standard (Periodic Acid Schiff). Two examiners were blinded for either one of the staining techniques. Diagnostic test evaluation and Kappa statistic was calculated using MedCalc software. The study comprised of 37 males, six females, and their mean age at the time of presentation was 51 (range 23 to 75 years). The sensitivity and specificity of CFW was 75.8% (CI 57.7 to 88.9%) and 10.0% (CI 0.2 to 44.5%). While the positive predictive and negative predictive values were 63.1% (CI − 50.6% − 74.0%) and 67.0% (CI − 49.2% − 81.0%). Our results show minimal agreement with PAS with a Kappa score of 0.148 (95% CI = 0.39 to 0.09). Overall detection rate was similar for both the index test and reference standard although there was considerable number of intermediate test results. Sensitivity of CFW was comparable to that of earlier studies but specificity was low and the degree of concordance of 60.4%. Although CFW staining can come with high false positive they are an useful test for ruling out candida infection when the test result is negative.
2-Quinolone-Based Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents: A Review
Authors: Moussaoui Oussama , Chakroune Said , Rodi Youssef Kandri , Hadrami El Mestafa El 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
The chemistry of 2-quinolones derivatives has received more attention in organic chemistry
and medicinal chemistry. Moreover, several advancements in the application of this family of
compounds are considered to be of great utility. In recent years, a variety of new, effective, and
novel synthetic approaches (including green chemistry, catalyzed and microwave-assisted synthesis)
have been discovered and developed for the designing of safe and non-toxic 2-quinolone-based
scaffolds to investigate their antibacterial activities. This review summarizes the results of the literature
on the synthesis strategies of 2-quinolones derivatives and their reactivity, as well as their antibacterial
evaluations against different bacteria strains.
Piperine: Medicinal, Analytical and Therapeutics perspective
Authors: Patel Mehul , Patel Deep , Shah Umang , Patel Ashish , Solanki Nilay , Patel Sandip , Patel Swayamprakash , Patel Bhumika 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Piperine, a bioactive alkaloid of pepper, has been considered for its medicinal properties.
It has received significant attention from pharmaceutical scientists for its bioavailability enhancement
action for the development of novel formulations. Piperine has shown numerous effects
on health and therapeutic properties; however, its pharmacological actions are limited due to its
poor aqueous solubility. Numerous reports have been published which depicted the potential of
piperine in pharmaceuticals development along with the treatment of various ailments. The present
review emphasizes the different methods for isolation of piperine from natural resources, synthesis
of piperine, chemistry, quality control aspects of piperine in bulk drug as well as in formulation,
the usefulness of piperine in pharmaceutical formulations, its biological activities and clinical
studies. The detailed review will help researchers to accelerate the transition of this lead molecule
from kitchen spices to the clinic.