bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CNT based VCO with extremely low phase noise and wide frequency range for PLL application
Authors: Sarbazi Hamed , Sabbaghi‐Nadooshan Reza , Hassanzadeh Alireza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVoltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) are used as key components in phase‐locked loop systems for generating stable oscillation signals. Since the digital electronics industry increasingly needs a faster operation, VCOs need to generate signals at higher frequencies. This paper presents a voltage controlled oscillator with a wide frequency range and very low phase noise by using carbon nanotube technology. The Stanford CNTFET model is implemented in Verilog‐A, and the proposed CNTFET VCO is simulated using ADS software. Simultaneous use of forward bulk biasing and an inductor yields a carbon nanotube oscillator with a frequency range of 6‐20 GHz and a phase noise of −123 dBc/Hz.
Impact of malnutrition diagnosed using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria on clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Li‐Bin , Shi Ming‐Ming , Huang Ze‐Xin , Zhang Wei‐Teng , Zhang Hui‐Hui , Shen Xian , Chen Xiao‐Dong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur objective is to validate the effectiveness of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in malnutrition diagnosis compared with Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA) and assess the impact of malnutrition diagnosed using GLIM criteria on the clinical outcomes of patients with GC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 895 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Nutrition assessment was performed on all patients according to the GLIM criteria and PG‐SGA. The κ statistic was used to evaluate the agreement between two methods. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression based on single‐factor analysis were used to predict postoperative complications and overall survival rates.ResultsBased on the GLIM criteria, 38.3% of the patients were diagnosed as malnourished, including 21.7% Stage I (moderate malnutrition) and 16.6% Stage II (severe malnutrition). GLIM criteria had a moderate agreement with PG‐SGA (κ = 0.548). Patients in the Stage II malnutrition group had a higher incidence of complications, a longer postoperative length of stay, and higher hospitalization costs. Logistic regression showed that Stage II malnutrition was an independent risk predictor of postoperative complications (odds ratio, 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.18–4.94). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis showed that both Stage I (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11–2.07; P = .009) and Stage II (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.34–2.53; P < .001) malnutrition were independent risk predictors of overall survival.ConclusionDiagnosis of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria is useful in predicting the adverse postoperative clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer.
Cost‐effectiveness of ethanol lock prophylaxis to prevent central line–associated bloodstream infections in children with intestinal failure in the United States
Authors: Raghu Vikram Kalathur , Mezoff Ethan A. , Cole Conrad R. , Rudolph Jeffrey A. , Smith Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionCentral line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) lead to significant morbidity and mortality in children with intestinal failure (IF). Ethanol lock prophylaxis (ELP) greatly reduces CLABSI frequency with minimal side effects. However, in the United States, a recently approved orphan drug designation for dehydrated alcohol has greatly increased 70% ethanol cost from about $10/day to $1000/day. We examined the cost‐effectiveness of ELP in relation to these changes.MethodsWe simulated a previously developed IF Markov model over 1 year. Costs were measured in 2020 US dollars and effectiveness in quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs). CLABSI rate with and without ELP was estimated from the largest available comparative observational study. The primary outcome was incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) between treatments. Secondary outcomes included CLABSI frequency. Sensitivity analyses on all model parameters were performed.ResultsIn the base model, children with IF not using ELP accumulated $131,815 in costs and 0.32 QALYs per patient compared with $437,884 and 0.33 QALYs per patient in those using ELP. The ICER was nearly $17 million/QALY gained. ELP resulted in a 40% reduction in CLABSI frequency. ELP became cost‐effective at $68/day and cost‐saving at $63/day. Sensitivity analysis identified no other plausible parameter variation to reach the benchmark of $100,000/QALY gained.ConclusionsAt the current price, ELP is not cost‐effective for CLABSI prevention in children with IF in the United States. This study highlights the critical need for the approval of an affordable lock therapy option to prevent CLABSIs in these children.
The impact of donor breast milk on metabolic bone disease, postnatal growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months’ corrected age
Authors: Kazmi Sadaf H. , Berman Sarah , Caprio Martha , Wachtel Elena V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreterm infants are at risk for metabolic bone disease (MBD). Analysis of donor breast milk (DBM) shows lower levels of macronutrients compared with mother's own milk (MOM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MBD, rate of postnatal growth, and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants fed predominantly MOM vs DBM.MethodsRetrospective observational study of infants born <1500g and <32 weeks at New York University Langone Health or Bellevue Hospital from January 2014 to January 2018. Infants were divided into two groups: those who received >70% of feeds with either MOM or DBM by 34 weeks’ corrected age (CA). MBD was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (AlkPO4) levels and radiographic findings. Data was also collected on growth, feeding tolerance, and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes.ResultsA total of 210 infants were included (MOM =156 and DBM =54). The DBM group had higher AlkPO4 levels for the first 3 weeks of life (P < .01). Growth was similar between the groups, and both groups demonstrated catch‐up growth after discharge. No difference was seen in feeding intolerance, incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, or sepsis. The DBM group had lower cognitive (odds ratio [OR], 0.93 [0.88–0.98]; P < .01) and language (OR, 0.95 [0.90–0.99]; P < .01) scores at 18 months’ CA.ConclusionInfants fed predominantly DBM had elevated AlkPO4 levels suggestive of MBD but did not develop osteopenia. Despite appropriate growth and comparable short‐term outcomes, infants fed DBM had lower cognitive and language scores at 18 months’ CA.
Latitudinal and depth patterns of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in grasslands of an agro‐pastoral ecotone
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Zhang Hongjin , Yao Xiaodong , Zeng Wenjing , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoil microbial biomass is a key soil driver in the management of ecosystem functioning. However, little is known about the spatial distribution of microbial biomass in frequently disturbed areas, such as agro‐pastoral ecotones. In this study, we sampled soil from natural grasslands across 56 sites in the agro‐pastoral ecotone of northern China at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depth. We measured microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and phosphorus (MBP) and possible drivers of responses. Both MBC and MBP showed a significant positive relationship with latitude at the regional scale, whereas MBN showed a non‐significant latitudinal pattern, independent of soil depth. The major influential factors for the latitudinal pattern of both MBC and MBN were soil total carbon content (STC), soil total nitrogen content (STN), and soil moisture, while the latitudinal pattern of MBP was influenced by STN, soil pH and mean annual temperature. Furthermore, MBC, MBN, and MBP decreased with increasing soil depth by 37.4%, 32.8%, and 21.5%, respectively. Interestingly, when microbial biomass was normalized by STC, STN, and soil total phosphorous content (STP), MBC/STC still significantly declined, whereas MBN/STN showed no significant difference and MBP/STP significantly increased with soil depth. The influential factor for the depth patterns of MBC, MBN, and MBP was soil substrate (as indicated by STC, STN, and STP). The findings of this study are helpful in understanding the spatial pattern of microbial biomass and its influencing factors in frequently disturbed areas.
Recent Advances in Injectable Dual Crosslinking Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chu Wenlin , Nie Mingxi , Ke Xiang , Luo Jun , Li Jianshu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInjectable dual crosslinking hydrogels hold great promise to improve therapeutic efficacy in minimally invasive surgery. Compared with prefabricated hydrogels, injectable hydrogels can be implanted more accurately into deeply enclosed sites and repair irregularly shaped lesions, showing great applicable potential. Here, the current fabrication considerations of injectable dual crosslinking hydrogels are reviewed. Besides, the progress of the hydrogels used in corresponding applications and emerging challenges are discussed, with detailed emphasis in the fields of bone and cartilage regeneration, wound dressings, sensors and other less mentioned applications for their more hopeful employments in clinic. It is envisioned that the further development of the injectable dual crosslinking hydrogels will catalyze their innovation and transformation in the biomedical field.
Surface modification for Al alloy by volatile corrosion inhibitors from cyclohexylamine, octanoic acid, and their reaction product
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Zhang Hongliang , Gao Lixin , Zhang Daquan , Zhao Yanliang , Sun Min , Dai Yigang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe protection for Al alloy is investigated through vapor phase assembly technology. The corrosion resistance performance of the assembled Al alloys is compared by the electrochemical measurements as well as hydrogen evolution test. The assembly sequence affects the protection of the complex films formed on Al alloy surface. It indicates that the complex films of base and acid assembly components have better protection effects. The reactivity between the assembly components and the formation mechanism of the complex films is analyzed. The alternative assembly of acid and base components enhances the anticorrosion ability of Al alloys and becomes the promising method for the use of the salt‐type volatile corrosion inhibitor.
Combining Device‐Aided Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series and a Literature Review
Authors: Boura Iro , Haliasos Nikolaos , Giannopoulou Ιrene‐Areti , Karabetsos Dimitrios , Spanaki Cleanthe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS), levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) and subcutaneous apomorphine infusion are device‐aided therapies (DATs) for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We present a case series from the Cretan PD Registry who required 2 DATs for optimal management along with a systematic review of similar studies.CasesFrom 2009 to 2020, we retrospectively studied all PD patients who were simultaneously treated with 2 DATs. Six patients on DBS required an infusion treatment for persisting or re‐emergent fluctuations because of disease progression. Two patients on LCIG infusion received DBS as a levodopa‐sparing strategy because of drug‐induced complications. Fluctuations and quality of life improved in all patients.Literature reviewWe identified 4 case series, 1 prospective and 1 retrospective study that included a total of 50 DBS‐treated patients who required an infusion therapy. Improvement in motor outcomes, assessed in different ways, was a constant finding.ConclusionsSelected PD patients on 1 DAT may experience additional benefit from a second DAT, for several reasons along the course of their disease. Although infusion therapies optimize dopaminergic drug delivery in fluctuating DBS‐treated patients, DBS added on LCIG treatment has an additive symptomatic effect that allows levodopa dose reduction in patients with drug‐induced side effects.
Topology optimization of dynamic problems based on finite deformation theory
Authors: Ogawa Shun , Yamada Takayuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a topology optimization method for dynamic problems based on the finite deformation theory to derive a structure that can reduce deformations for arbitrary dynamic loads that have large deformations. To obtain a structure that can minimize deformations due to dynamic loading for the isotropic hyperelastic model, the square norm of dynamic compliance is set as the objective function. A sensitivity analysis method of the equation of motion, based on Newmark's method for unknown displacements, is presented in the current study. The analysis is carried out by developing a general design sensitivity equation that can accurately account for the response of the structure to dynamic loading and simultaneously display a high affinity for the general constitutive law by using the adjoint variable method. The accuracy of the obtained sensitivity is verified by using the finite difference method as a benchmark. Numerical examples are then used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is able to derive optimization results according to the magnitude of the applied load.
Effectiveness of Alpelisib + Fulvestrant Compared with Real-World Standard Treatment Among Patients with HR+, HER2–, PIK3CA-Mutated Breast Cancer
Authors: Turner Stuart , Chia Stephen , Kanakamedala Hemanth , Hsu Wei-Chun , Park Jinhee , Chandiwana David , Ridolfi Antonia , Yu Chu-Ling , Zarate Juan Pablo , Rugo Hope S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The BYLieve trial (NCT03056755) confirmed efficacy and safety of alpelisib with fulvestrant for hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–negative (HER2−), PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer (ABC), after cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) as immediate prior therapy. Further analyses were performed to compare efficacy from BYLieve with effectiveness of standard treatment in the real-world setting.

Materials and Methods
Patients who progressed on a CDK4/6i plus AI and were treated with alpelisib with fulvestrant in BYLieve were matched with a real-world patient cohort who received standard-of-care from a deidentified clinico-genomics database (CGDB). Primary and secondary endpoints were to compare progression-free survival (PFS), estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the proportion of patients remaining progression-free at 6 months, respectively, between the two cohorts.

Results
A total of 855 patients with PIK3CA-mutant disease who had prior CDK4/6i plus hormone therapy were selected from the CGDB; further matching to 120 patients from BYLieve selected 95 patients without exposure to HER2-targeting agents, clinical study drug, or alpelisib. In unadjusted and postmatching results, primary and secondary endpoints favored treatment with alpelisib with fulvestrant in BYLieve more than standard treatments in the real-world cohort. Postadjustment, median PFS for patients treated with alpelisib in BYLieve was 7.3 versus 3.7 months in the real-world cohort, and 6-month PFS was 54.6% versus 40.1%, respectively.

Conclusion
Matched/weighted analysis comparing BYLieve with the real-world setting further supports the clinical benefit of alpelisib with fulvestrant for treatment of HR+, HER2−, PIK3CA-mutant ABC after CDK4/6i treatment.

Implications for Practice
Approximately 40% of patients with hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) have PIK3CA-mutated tumors, which have been associated with endocrine therapy resistance. Alpelisib, an α-selective phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, demonstrated significantly improved progression-free survival in SOLAR-1 and demonstrated clinical efficacy in BYLieve when combined with fulvestrant. Data are limited in comparing the efficacy of alpelisib combined with fulvestrant with effectiveness of standard therapy after CDK4/6i treatment. Using real-world data, this is the first analysis comparing alpelisib combined with fulvestrant with standard treatments for HR+, HER2−, PIK3CA-mutant ABC in the post-CDK4/6i setting.
A policy impact tool: Measuring the policy impact of public participation in deliberative e‐rulemaking
Authors: Deligiaouri Anastasia , Suiter Jane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to integrate epistemic versions of deliberative democracy into policy studies in order to develop a policy impact tool (PIT) for e‐rulemaking initiatives. In building its argumentation, the paper assesses and engages with epistemic democracy and online deliberation design while considering policy‐related dilemmas and the specific challenges of deliberative e‐rulemaking. The PIT aims to introduce a concise procedure along with a number of basic indicators that can be used to understand and evaluate the quality of discourse and the policy potential of deliberative e‐rulemaking. In order to build this tool, (a) we rely on the importance of comparative text analysis; (b) we develop a threads index, which will categorize citizens' input in the major arguments spelt out in the deliberation; (c) we propose argumentation and discourse analysis to evaluate arguments vis a vis their justification and identify the policy‐valuable arguments and; (d) we provide a concise procedure and the benchmark for the assessment of the policy potential and impact of the preceding deliberation.
Preparation of Meldrum's acid‐functionalized polyimides exhibiting organo‐soluble, reactive, self‐crosslinkable, and colorless features
Authors: Huang Chien‐Ho , Liu Ying‐Ling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFunctional polyimides (PIs) having some desired properties, for example, organo‐solubility, chemical reactivity, crosslinkable feature, and high transparency in visible region, are attractive for specific applications. This work reports an effort to integrate the above‐mentioned properties in one polyimide through introduction of Meldrum's acid (MA) moieties to polyimide chains with using a MA‐containing diamine (MADA) as a monomer. The polyimide prepared with MADA and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) (PI[MADA‐6FDA]) has a number‐averaged molecular weight of 56,800 g mol−1, shows good solubility in tetrahydrofuran and aprotic high polar solvents, and exhibits post‐reactivity/crosslinkability through MA‐mediated ketene chemistry. Crosslinked PI(MADA‐6FDA) film shows a glass transition temperature of 289°C, a dielectric constant of about 2.78, and high flexibility bearing a near‐180° bending. The MA‐mediated ketene chemistry contributes to in situ building up covalent linkages between PI chains and silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in preparation of PI/SNPs nanocomposite films (NCF). Formation of the PI/SNPs NCFs enhances the thermal and mechanical properties, reduces the dielectric constants, and increases the transparency. The properties of the MA‐functionalized PI are attractive for further studies on their applications.
Decoupling and Integrability of Nonassociative Vacuum Phase Space Gravitational Equations With Star and R‐flux Parametric Deformations
Authors: Veliev Elşen Veli , Bubuianu Laurenţiu , Vacaru Sergiu I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove that nonassociative star deformed vacuum Einstein equations can be decoupled and integrated in certain general forms on phase spaces involving real R‐flux terms induced as parametric corrections on base Lorentz manifold spacetimes. The geometric constructions are elaborated with parametric (on respective Planck, ℏ, and string, , constants) and nonholonomic dyadic decompositions of fundamental geometric and physical objects. This is our second partner work on elaborating nonassociative geometric and gravity theories with symmetric and nonsymmetric metrics, (non) linear connections, star deformations defined by generalized Moyal‐Weyl products, endowed with quasi‐Hopf algebra, or other type algebraic and geometric structures, and all adapted to nonholonomic distributions and frames. We construct exact and parametric solutions for nonassociative vacuum configurations (with nontrivial or effective cosmological constants) defined by star deformed generic off‐diagonal (non) symmetric metrics and (generalized) nonlinear and linear connections. The coefficients of geometric objects defining such solutions are determined by respective classes of generating and integration functions and constants and may depend on all phase space coordinates [spacetime ones, ; and momentum like variables, )]. Quasi‐stationary configurations are stated by solutions with spacetime Killing symmetry on a time like vector but with possible dependencies on momentum like coordinates on star deformed phase spaces. This geometric techniques of decoupling and integrating nonlinear systems of physically important partial differential equations (the anholonomic frame and connection deformation method, AFCDM) is applied in our partner works for constructing nonassociative and locally anisotropic generalizations of black hole and cosmological solutions and elaborating geometric flow evolution and classical and quantum information theories.
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles identified PI3K pathway as a potential therapeutic target for cabazitaxel‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hishida Seiji , Kawakami Kyojiro , Fujita Yasunori , Kato Taku , Takai Manabu , Iinuma Koji , Nakane Keita , Tsuchiya Tomohiro , Koie Takuya , Miura Yuri , Ito Masafumi , Mizutani Kosuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCabazitaxel (CBZ) is now widely used for prostate cancer (PC) patients resistant to docetaxel (DOC), however, most patients eventually acquire resistance. It will, therefore, be of great benefit to discover novel therapeutic target for the resistance. We aimed to identify candidate therapeutic targets for CBZ‐resistance by proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from serum of DOC‐resistant PC patients who later developed CBZ‐resistance as well as those harvested from culture medium of DOC‐ and CBZ‐resistant PC cell lines.MethodsUsing T‐cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain‐containing protein 4 (Tim4) conjugated to magnetic beads, EVs were purified from serum of PC patients with DOC‐resistance that was collected before and after acquiring CBZ‐resistance and conditioned medium of DOC‐resistant (22Rv1DR) and CBZ‐resistant (22Rv1CR) PC cell lines. Protein analysis of EVs was performed by nanoLC‐MS/MS, followed by a comparative analysis of protein expression and network analysis. The cytotoxic effect of a phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, ZSTK474, was evaluated by WST‐1 assay. The expression and phosphorylation of PI3K and PTEN were examined by western blot analysis.ResultsAmong differentially regulated proteins, 77 and 61 proteins were significantly increased in EVs from CBZ‐resistant PC cell line and patients, respectively. A comparison between the two datasets revealed that six proteins, fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase, cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase, CD63, CD151, myosin light chain 9, and peroxiredoxin‐6 were elevated in EVs from both cell line and patients. Network analysis of the increased EV proteins identified pathways associated with CBZ‐resistance including PI3K signaling pathway. ZSTK474 significantly inhibited growth of 22Rv1CR cells and improved their sensitivity to CBZ. In 22Rv1CR cells, PI3K was activated and PTEN that inhibits PI3K was deactivated.ConclusionsProteomic analysis of serum EVs was successfully accomplished by using Tim‐4 as a tool to isolate highly purified EVs. Our results suggest that the combination use of CBZ and PI3K inhibitor could be a promising treatment option for CBZ‐resistant PC patients.