bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocimum basilicum (kemangi) intervention on powder and microencapsulated Spirulina platensis and its bioactive molecules
Authors: Yuliani Y , Riyadi Putut Har , Dewi Eko Nurcahya , Jaswir Irwandi , Agustini Tri Winarni 
Published: June 2021

Background: Spirulina platensis contains several bioactive molecules such as phenol, flavonoid and phycocyanin pigments. This study unveils total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, phycocyanin content and evaluated encapsulation efficiency from Ocimum basilicum intervention on S. platensis. O. basilicum intervention aims to reduce unpleasant odors from S. platensis that will increase consumption and increase bioactive compounds. Methods: The intervention was carried out by soaking a S. platensis control sample (SP) in O. basilicum with a ratio of 1:4 (w/v) and it was then dried (DSB) and microencapsulated by freeze drying methods (MSB) using a combination of maltodextrin and gelatin. Total flavonoid and phenolic analysis with curve fitting analysis used a linear regression approach. Antioxidant activity of samples was analysed with the 2,2’-azino-bis-3-3thylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) method. Data were analysed using ANOVA at significance level (p < 0.05) followed by Tukey test models using SPSS v.22. Results: The result of this study indicated that O. basilicum intervention treatment (DSB) has the potential to increase bioactive compounds such as total phenol, antioxidant activity and phycocyanin, and flavonoid content. Intervention of O. basilicum on S. platensis (DSB) significantly increases total phenol by 48.7% and phycocyanin by 40.7%. This is due to the phenol and azulene compounds in O. basilicum which have a synergistic effect on phenol and phycocyanin in S. platensis. Microencapsulation using a maltodexrin and gelatin coating is effective in phycocyanin protection with an encapsulation efficiency value of 71.58%. Conclusion: The intervention of O. basilicum on S. platensis improved the total phenol and phycocyanin content and there is potential for a pharmaceutical product.
Terahertz anisotropic response of additively manufactured one-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Park Serang , Stinson V. Paige , Boreman Glenn D. , Hofmann Tino 
Published: June 2021

A polymer-based, one-dimensional photonic crystal exhibiting anisotropic responses was demonstrated in the terahertz frequency range. The photonic crystal was composed of alternating compact and low-density polymethacrylate layers. The low-density layers consisted of sub-wavelength sized columns, which were slanted 45° with respect to the substrate surface normal to achieve form-birefringence. Normal incidence polarized terahertz transmission measurements were carried out for characterization of the fabricated photonic crystals in the range from 82 to 125 GHz. The experimental data revealed a 2 GHz shift in the center frequency of the photonic bandgap as a function of in-plane orientation, well demonstrating the anisotropic behavior of the fabricated crystal. The transmission data were analyzed using stratified optical layer model calculations. A good agreement was found between the relevant model parameters and the corresponding design parameters.
Use of comorbidity indices in patients with any cancer, breast cancer, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive breast cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Salas Maribel , Henderson Mackenzie , Sundararajan Meera , Tu Nora , Islam Zahidul , Ebeid Mina , Horne Laura 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo identify comorbidity indices that have been validated in cancer populations, with a focus on breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer.Study design and settingA systematic review of the literature on the use of comorbidity indices in any cancer, breast cancer, and HER2+ breast cancer using Ovid and PubMed.ResultsThe final data set comprised 252 articles (252 any cancer, 39 breast cancer, 7 HER2+ breast cancer). The most common cancers assessed were hematologic and breast, and the most common comorbidity index used was the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) or a CCI derivative. Most validity testing of comorbidity indices used predictive validity based on survival outcomes. Hazard ratios for survival outcomes generally found that a higher comorbidity burden (measured by CCI) increased mortality risk in patients with breast cancer. All breast-cancer studies that validated comorbidity indices used CCI-based indices. Only one article validated a comorbidity index in HER2+ breast cancer.ConclusionCCI-based indices are the most appropriate indices to use in the general breast-cancer population. There is insufficient validation of any comorbidity index in HER2+ breast cancer to provide a recommendation, indicating a future need to validate these instruments in this population.
Identification and analysis of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer by integrated bioinformatics methods
Authors: Gui Ting , Yao Chenhe , Jia Binghan , Shen Keng 
Published: June 2021

Background
Though considerable efforts have been made to improve the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the prognosis of patients has remained poor. Identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in EOC progression and exploiting them as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets is of great value.

Methods
Overlapping DEGs were screened out from three independent gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets and were subjected to Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The protein-protein interactions (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed based on the STRING database. The expression of hub genes was validated in GEPIA and GEO. The relationship of hub genes expression with tumor stage and overall survival and progression-free survival of EOC patients was investigated using the cancer genome atlas data.

Results
A total of 306 DEGs were identified, including 265 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated. Through PPI network analysis, the top 20 genes were screened out, among which 4 hub genes, which were not researched in depth so far, were selected after literature retrieval, including CDC45, CDCA5, KIF4A, ESPL1. The four genes were up-regulated in EOC tissues compared with normal tissues, but their expression decreased gradually with the continuous progression of EOC. Survival curves illustrated that patients with a lower level of CDCA5 and ESPL1 had better overall survival and progression-free survival statistically.

Conclusion
Two hub genes, CDCA5 and ESPL1, identified as probably playing tumor-promotive roles, have great potential to be utilized as novel therapeutic targets for EOC treatment.
Respiratory virus surveillance in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: An epidemiological analysis of the effectiveness of pandemic-related public health measures in reducing seasonal respiratory viruses test positivity
Authors: Park Kyu Young , Seo Sumin , Han Junhee , Park Ji Young 
Published: June 2021

Background
Various public health measures have been implemented globally to counter the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate respiratory virus surveillance data to determine the effectiveness of such interventions in reducing transmission of seasonal respiratory viruses.

Method
We retrospectively analysed data from the Respiratory Virus Detection Surveillance System in Canada, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, by interrupted time series regression.

Results
The national level of infection with seasonal respiratory viruses, which generally does not necessitate quarantine or contact screening, was greatly reduced after Canada imposed physical distancing and other quarantine measures. The 2019–2020 influenza season ended earlier than it did in the previous year. The influenza virus was replaced by rhinovirus/enterovirus or parainfluenza virus in the previous year, with the overall test positivity remaining at approximately 35%. However, during the 2019–2020 post-influenza period, the overall test positivity of respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 was still low (7.2%). Moreover, the 2020–2021 influenza season had not occurred by the end of February 2021.

Conclusion
Respiratory virus surveillance data may provide real-world evidence of the effectiveness of implemented public health interventions during the current and future pandemics.
Acute myocardial infarction in the Covid-19 era: Incidence, clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes—A multicenter registry
Authors: Fardman Alexander , Zahger Doron , Orvin Katia , Oren Daniel , Kofman Natalia , Mohsen Jameel , Tsafrir Or , Asher Elad , Rubinshtein Ronen , Jamal Jafari , Efraim Roi , Halabi Majdi , Shacham Yacov , Fortis Lior Henri , Cohen Tal , Klempfner Robert , Segev Amit , Beigel Roy , Matetzky Shlomi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWe aimed to describe the characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients during the Covid-19 era.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multicenter study involving 13 intensive cardiac care units, to evaluate consecutive STEMI patients admitted throughout an 8-week period during the Covid-19 outbreak. These patients were compared with consecutive STEMI patients admitted during the corresponding period in 2018 who had been prospectively documented in the Israeli bi-annual National Acute Coronary Syndrome Survey. The primary end-point was defined as a composite of malignant arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, and/or in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included individual components of primary outcome, cardiogenic shock, mechanical complications, electrical complications, re-infarction, stroke, and pericarditis.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 1466 consecutive acute MI patients, of whom 774 (53%) were hospitalized during the Covid-19 outbreak. Overall, 841 patients were diagnosed with STEMI: 424 (50.4%) during the Covid-19 era and 417 (49.6%) during the parallel period in 2018. Although STEMI patients admitted during the Covid-19 period had fewer co-morbidities, they presented with a higher Killip class (p value = .03). The median time from symptom onset to reperfusion was extended from 180 minutes (IQR 122–292) in 2018 to 290 minutes (IQR 161–1080, p < .001) in 2020. Hospitalization during the Covid-19 era was independently associated with an increased risk of the combined endpoint in the multivariable regression model (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.03–2.68, p value = .04). Furthermore, the rate of mechanical complications was four times higher during the Covid-19 era (95% CI 1.42–14.8, p-value = .02). However, in-hospital mortality remained unchanged (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.81–3.78, p-value = .16).ConclusionsSTEMI patients admitted during the first wave of Covid-19 outbreak, experienced longer total ischemic time, which was translated into a more severe disease status upon hospital admission, and a higher rate of in-hospital adverse events, compared with parallel period.
Is biological larviciding against malaria a starting point for integrated multi-disease control? Observations from a cluster randomized trial in rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Dambach Peter , Bärnighausen Till , Yadouleton Anges , Dambach Martin , Traoré Issouf , Korir Patricia , Ouedraogo Saidou , Nikiema Moustapha , Sauerborn Rainer , Becker Norbert , Louis Valérie R. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of anti-malaria biological larviciding withBacillus thuringiensis israelensison non-primary target mosquito species in a rural African setting.MethodsA total of 127 villages were distributed in three study arms, each with different larviciding options in public spaces: i) no treatment, ii) full or iii) guided intervention. Geographically close villages were grouped in clusters to avoid contamination between treated and untreated villages. Adult mosquitoes were captured in light traps inside and outside houses during the rainy seasons of a baseline and an intervention year. After enumeration, a negative binomial regression was used to determine the reductions achieved in the different mosquito species through larviciding.ResultsMalaria larviciding interventions showed only limited or no impact againstCulexmosquitoes; by contrast, reductions of up to 34% were achieved againstAedeswhen all detected breeding sites were treated.Culexmosquitoes were captured in high abundance in semi-urban settings while moreAedeswere found in rural villages.ConclusionsFuture malaria larviciding programs should consider expanding onto the breeding habitats of other disease vectors, such asAedesandCulexand evaluate their potential impact. Since the major cost components of such interventions are labor and transport, other disease vectors could be targeted at little additional cost.
Curating Under Pressure: International Perspectives on Negotiating Conflict and Upholding Integrity, Janet Marstine and Svetlana Mintcheva (eds)
Authors: Haines Chelsea 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Curating Under Pressure: International Perspectives on Negotiating Conflict and Upholding Integrity, Janet Marstine and Svetlana Mintcheva (eds)
New York and Abingdon, UK: Routledge (2020), 264 pp., p/bk, ISBN: 978-0-81539-619-2, US $44.95
Liver-Unrelated Comorbid Conditions Do Not Affect Cognitive Performance or Hepatic Encephalopathy Progression in Cirrhosis
Authors: Acharya Chathur , Nadhem Omar , Shaw Jawaid , Hassouneh Ramzi , Fagan Andrew , McGeorge Sara , Sterling Richard K. , Puri Puneet , Fuchs Michael , Luketic Velimir , Sanyal Arun J. , Wade James B. , Gilles HoChong S. , Heuman Douglas M. , Tinsley Felicia , Matherly Scott , Lee Hannah , Siddiqui Mohammad S. , Thacker Leroy R. , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to determine the effect of comorbidities on covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) diagnosis and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) development.

METHODS:
Cirrhotic outpatients underwent CHE testing and 2-year follow-up. Cox regression was performed for time to OHE. In total, 700 patients (60 years, 84% men, model for end-stage liver disease 11) and 33% prior OHE underwent testing and follow-up.

RESULTS:
Major comorbidities were hypertension (54%), diabetes (35%), and depression (29%). Common medications were proton pump inhibitor (49%), beta-blockers (32%), and opioids (21%). Approximately 90 (40%) prior-OHE patients developed recurrence 93 (30,206) days post-testing predicted only by liverrelated variables.

DISCUSSION:
Demographics, cirrhosis characteristics, and opioid use, but not other comorbid conditions, were associated with CHE diagnosis and OHE progression.
Archiving the Leftovers of Science
Authors: Volynskaya Alina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, I focus on digital scientific archives which are made up of the leftovers of science, such as drafts, obsolete instruments, photographs, documentation, etc. The artifacts exhibited in such collections were neither meant to be representations, nor objects of gaze, but means used to achieve scientific results. As they lose functionality, they acquire aesthetic and historical value and emerge as clues, traces of past scientific practices and institutional histories. Therefore, the ways in which institutions situate these objects within the archive, the vocabularies and metadata they use, bear testimony on the manner they present and depict their past. How do the digital archives of the scientific institutions represent their histories? To address this question, I analyse the subject metadata of twenty-five institutional archives, turning them into objects of distant reading. Quantitative methods offer a way to discern the discursive frameworks that scientific institutions tend to adopt: Do they frame their collections as cultural heritage? represent them as corporate histories? emphasise technical specifications? scientific value? big names? A closer look at the metadata sets reveals that, in fact, these very different perspectives intermingle and clash with each other within the archive structures: the logic of heritage is juxtaposed with scientific classifications, institutional categories stand side by side with natural objects, and minority histories with celebrity narratives. Discussing this interplay of discourses, the article frames the digital archive of science as a specific mode of historical representation, which gives rise to a new (and still political) order of things.
The Diversity Paradox
Authors: Dahlgren Anna , Hansson Karin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
At the core of museum practice is the notion of diversity. However, as this analysis of different types of metadata production shows, contradictory ideas and ideals pervade both metadata production among information specialists (i.e. archivists, metadata managers, curators working in the heritage institutions), and the systems for, and practices of, participatory metadata production. While the discourse on metadata standards is permeated by ideas of objectivity and interoperability the field is, in practice, far from coherent, being marked by a great variety as regards templates, formats and vocabularies. Conversely, the discourse on digital participation in the cultural heritage is permeated with notions of diversity, as means to increase democracy and support variety. In practice, however, the available crowdsourcing platforms are often formulaic offering few possibilities for the crowd to add individual interpretations and their own agenda. This analysis of the practice of producing descriptive metadata reveals the complex, multifaceted implications of notions of diversity for the cultural heritage. Diversity, meaning great variety, is then not solely a positive end in itself but can in fact hinder the distribution and linkability of information and thereby the creation and building of new knowledge. Likewise, participatory activities where heritage institutions reach out to the crowd do not automatically generate diversity as there is no direct correlation between the magnitude of the group and variability. To understand this complexity and acknowledge the, sometimes, contradictory demands and effects related to the notion and norms of diversity is at the core of the making and preservation of our cultural heritage.
In silico analysis of glycosyltransferase 2 family genes in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its role in salt stress tolerance
Authors: Jiang Mingliang , Wang Peng , Xu Ligang , Ye Xiuxu , Fan Hongxiang , Cheng Junxiang , Chen Jinting 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plant glycosyltransferase 2 (GT2) family genes are involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance. However, the roles of GT2 genes in the abiotic resistance in freshwater plants are largely unknown. We identified seven GT2 genes in duckweed, remarkably more than those in the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Amborella trichopoda, Nymphaea tetragona, Persea americana, Zostera marina, and Ginkgo biloba, suggesting a significant expansion of this family in the duckweed genome. Phylogeny resolved the GT2 family into two major clades. Six duckweed genes formed an independent subclade in Clade I, and the other was clustered in Clade II. Gene structure and protein domain analysis showed that the lengths of the seven duckweed GT2 genes were varied, and the majority of GT2 genes harbored two conserved domains, PF04722.12 and PF00535.25. The expression of all Clade I duckweed GT2 genes was elevated at 0 h after salt treatment, suggesting a common role of these genes in rapid response to salt stress. The gene Sp01g00794 was highly expressed at 12 and 24 h after salt treatment, indicating its association with salt stress resilience. Overall, these results are essential for studies on the molecular mechanisms in stress response and resistance in aquatic plants.
Gamma frailty model for survival risk estimation: an application to cancer data
Authors: Krishna K. M. J. , Traison T. , Sebastian Sejil Mariya , George Preethi Sara , Mathew Aleyamma 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives: In time to event analysis, the risk for an event is usually estimated using Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model. But CPH model has the limitation of biased estimate due to unobserved hidden heterogeneity among the covariates, which can be tackled using frailty models. The best models were usually being identified using Akaike information criteria (AIC). Apart from AIC, the present study aimed to assess predictability of risk models using survival concordance measure.

Methods: CPH model and frailty models were used to estimate the risk for breast cancer patient survival, and the frailty variable was assumed to follow gamma distribution. Schoenfeld global test was used to check the proportionality assumption. Survival concordance, AIC and simulation studies were used to identify the significance of frailty.

Results: From the univariate analysis it was observed that for the covariate age, the frailty has a significant role (θ = 2.758, p-value: 0.0004) and the corresponding hazard rate was 1.93 compared to that of 1.38 for CPH model (age > 50 vs. ≤ 40). Also the covariates radiotherapy and chemotherapy were found to be significant (θ = 5.944, p-value: <0.001 and θ = 16, p-value: <0.001 respectively). Even though there were only minor differences in hazard rates, the concordance was higher for frailty than CPH model for all the covariates. Further the simulation study showed that the bias and root mean square error (RMSE) obtained for both the methods was almost the same and the concordance measures were higher for frailty model by 12–15%.

Conclusions: We conclude that the frailty model is better compared to CPH model as it can account for unobserved random heterogeneity, and if the frailty coefficient doesn’t have an effect it gives exactly the same risk as that of CPH model and this has been established using survival concordance.
Iconicity ratings really do measure iconicity, and they open a new window onto the nature of language
Authors: Winter Bodo , Perlman Marcus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews recent research using participant ratings to measure the iconicity (form-meaning resemblance) of words and signs. This method, by enabling wide coverage of lexical items and cross-linguistic comparison, has revealed systematic patterns in how iconicity is distributed across the vocabularies of different languages. These findings are consistent with established linguistic and psychological theory on iconicity, and they connect iconicity to factors like learning and acquisition, semantics, pragmatic aspects of language like playfulness, and to the semantic neighborhood density of words and signs. After taking stock of this research, we look critically at the construct validity of iconicity ratings, considering an alternative account of iconicity ratings recently put forward by Thompson, Arthur Lewis, Kimi Akita & Youngah Do. 2020a. Iconicity ratings across the Japanese lexicon: A comparative study with English. Linguistics Vanguard 6. 20190088. They propose that, for most vocabulary, participants might rate the iconicity of different words based on their meaning alone – specifically the degree to which it relates to the senses – independently of actual form-meaning resemblance. We argue that their hypothesis cannot account for many of the various, theory-driven results from this line of research, which strongly support the conclusion that the ratings really do measure iconicity.