bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric Metastasis and Transformation of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma to Small Cell Cancer After Acquired Resistance to EGFR-TkIs: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Jing , Xia Lei , Peng Yuan , Huang YuSheng , Yang ZhenZhou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Transformation to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the mechanisms of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, no standard treatment is available after the transformation. In addition, gastric metastasis of primary lung cancer is rarely observed, thus, little is known about its metastasis characteristics. Case presentation: A 58-year-old male patient was treated with osimertinib (80 mg/day) as the 2st line treatment due to recurrence and metastasis after surgical resection first-line gefitinib for EGFR exon 19 mutation pulmonary adenocarcinoma. 1 year and 3 months after osimertinib initiation, all the lesions are increased. He complained stomachache, and a diagnostic gastroscopy biopsy confirmed small cell lung cancer in the gastric body, indicating osimertinib-induced phenotypic transformation. He was treated with etoposide and los platinum chemotherapy and the maintenance therapy with osimertinib. Finally, the patient achieved a partial response after four cycles. Conclusions: Timely second biopsy should be valued in the diagnosis of phenotypic transformation. After transformation, a chemotherapeutic treatment with etoposide and platinum and maintenance therapy with osimertinib inhibited the progress of the disease.
High-grade ductal carcinoma in-situ detected by microcalcification within borderline phyllodes tumour: A report of a case and literature review
Authors: Yuen Wing Nam , Li Joshua Jing Xi , Chan Man Yi , Tse Gary M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPhyllodes tumour is a rare biphasic neoplasm of the breast that mostly affects middle aged women. Ductal carcinoma in-situ and microcalcifications occurring within phyllodes tumours are documented but are rare findings. Primary surgical excision with adjuvant therapies remains the mainstay of treatment.Case presentationWe report a case of a 42-year-old woman with high-grade ductal carcinoma in-situ within a borderline phyllodes tumour. Radiologically, clumps of microcalcification were detected within the lesion. Local excision followed by total mastectomy with axillary dissection was then performed. No tumour recurrence was detected up to a period of 8 years.ConclusionPresence of microcalcifications within a phyllodes tumour should alert clinicians and pathologists of possible coexisting carcinoma components. Stromal and epithelial components of these lesions should be evaluated separately when formulating a management plan.
Inter-ischial spine distance is a simple index of narrow pelvis that may predict difficulty during laparoscopic low anterior resection: a retrospective study
Authors: Ichikawa Nobuki , Homma Shigenori , Yoshida Tadashi , Imaizumi Ken , Miyaoka Yoichi , Matsui Hiroki , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

A narrow pelvis makes laparoscopic rectal resection difficult. This study aimed to evaluate whether a simple measurement on computed tomography can predict procedural difficulty.
Methods

A total of 62 patients with low rectal cancer underwent conventional laparoscopic low anterior resection. The inter-ischial spine (IS) distance (i.e., distance between the ischial spines) was measured on an axial computed tomography slice. Operative time, blood loss, and time from insertion of linear staplers to completion of clamping on the distal end of the rectum (clamp time) were compared.
Results

Overall, 42 men and 20 women with low rectal cancer were assessed. The mean tumor size was 34.5 mm. Total or tumor-specific mesorectal excisions were performed in all cases; high ligation and resection of the inferior mesenteric arteries were carried out in 92% of patients. The mean operative time, and blood loss were 206 min, and 15 mL respectively. Four patients (6.5%) experienced postoperative complications, including two anastomotic leaks (3.2%). The mean IS distance was 93.3 mm. With simple linear regression, shorter IS distance correlated with longer operative time (R2 = 0.08, P = 0.030) and clamp time (R2 = 0.07, P = 0.046). Using an receiver operating characteristic curve, a narrow pelvis was defined as IS distance < 94.7 mm. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that IS distance < 94.7 mm (odds ratio, 3.51; P = 0.04) was independently associated with a longer clamp time.
Conclusions

The IS distance is a simple and useful measurement for predicting the difficulty of laparoscopic low anterior resection.
Thermal Conductivity and Sintering Behavior of Sm2Zr2O7 Ceramics with Y3+ Substitution for Different Lattices
Authors: Xue Zhaolu , Wang Xin , Shi Mengchuan , Yu Haiyuan , Zhang Xin , Zhang Shihong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sm2Zr2O7 is one of the most promising candidate materials for ultra-high temperature thermal barrier coatings. In this paper, a series of (Sm1-x1Yx1)2(Zr1-x2Yx2)2O7-x2 ceramics with different lattice sites replaced by Y3+ ions were successfully prepared by the high-temperature solid-phase sintering method. The effect of Y3+ doping on microstructure, phase composition, thermal conductivity and sintering behavior of modified Sm2Zr2O7 ceramics were investigated, respectively. The results showed that (Sm1-x1Yx1)2(Zr1-x2Yx2)2O7-x2 were composed of a single pyrochlore crystal phase within 20% Y3+ ions doping concentration. Compared with pure Sm2Zr2O7, the fracture toughness of each (Sm1-x1Yx1)2(Zr1-x2Yx2)2O7-x2 ceramic was significantly reduced. In terms of reducing the thermal conductivity of Sm2Zr2O7, the substitution of Y3+ ion for Zr4+ was more obvious than the substitution of Y3+ for Sm3+. Thermal conductivity of Sm2(Zr0.9Y0.1)2O6.9 was 1.315 W·m-1·K-1 at 1200 °C, which was the lowest among the studied ceramics.. Sm2(Zr0.9Y0.1)2O6.9 ceramic exhibited a lower grain growth rate at 1400 °C, and still remained a single pyrochlore crystal phase after sintering for 100 h, indicating that Sm2(Zr0.9Y0.1)2O6.9 had good high-temperature stability at 1400 °C.
Screening and Absolute Quantification of a β-lactamase Resistance Gene NDM-1 in Lake Sediment
Authors: Ranjan Rajeev , Thatikonda Shashidhar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The extensive usage of antibiotics in humans and veterinary medicine and their discharge into the aquatic environment hasten the growth, selection, and horizontal transmission of ARGs in a given bacterial community. New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1(NDM-1) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes a wide range of β-lactams antibiotics, including carbapenems. The rapid distribution of NDM-1 harboring bacteria accounts for a significant public health menace worldwide. The presence of the NDM-1 inhibited the potential of β–lactam antibiotics for treating infections caused by bacterial strains carrying such resistances, leaving minimal treatment options available. NDM-1 harboring bacteria have been detected in clinical specimens and environmental compartments where bacterial infections are ubiquitous. In this study, identification and absolute quantification of NDM-1 in sixteen lake sediment samples collected in and around Hyderabad, India, was carried out using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and results were expressed in gene copy number/ng (nanogram) of template DNA. 13 samples (out of 16) shown a positive signal for NDM-1 during qPCR analysis. Durgamcheru lake, Kandi lake, and Singur dam showed a negative signal for the NDM-1 during qPCR analysis among the tested samples. The remaining sampling locations tested positive with the highest gene copy number/ng of template DNA observed in the Amberpet STP (71.8). Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to categorize the sampling location into different clusters based on pollution sources and observed results expressed in the form of a dendrogram.
Magnetite-rutile symplectite in ilmenite records magma hydration in layered intrusions
Authors: Tan Wei , Wang Christina Yan , Reddy Steven M. , He Hongping , Xian Haiyang , Xing Changming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The textures and geochemical characteristics of the rocks in layered intrusions potentially provide insights into the physicochemical processes that have taken place in mafic magma chambers. Diverse exsolution textures of Fe-Ti oxides in layered intrusions may record the variation of subsolidus temperature and oxygen fugacity (fO2) of cooling magma chambers. Here we investigated ilmenitehematite solid solution (Ilmss) relationships evident in preserved intergrowths of magnetite-rutile and ilmenite-hematite in the gabbro of the Xinjie layered intrusion. The crystallographic orientation and 3D morphology of the two intergrowth types constrain the transformation mechanism of the exsolution textures from Ilmss. The results reveal that the interface of the ilmenite-hematite intergrowth is more energetically favorable than that of the magnetite-rutile symplectite when they are transformed from Ilmss on cooling. The QUILF equilibria suggests that the magnetite-rutile symplectite can be transformed from Ti-rich ilmenite with Ilm≥0.85 above 550 °C when the subsolidus T-fO2 trend is buffered by the biotite-ilmenite-feldspar-ulvöspinel (KUIlB) mineral assemblages crystallized from hydrated mafic magmas. The magnetite-rutile symplectite may be used as a unique texture indicator of magma hydration in the evolution history of terrestrial, martian, and lunar magmas.
Withdrawal Notice: New Aspect of Chirality or Mirror Symmetry Effect in Organic Chemistry, Physics, and Two-Component Biostructures
Authors: Pavlov Valerii A. 
Published: June 2021

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Functional Group Interconversion Reactions in Continuous Flow Reactors
Authors: Leslie Alexander , Joseph Angel Maria , Baumann Marcus 
Published: June 2021

:
An overview of the current uptake of continuous flow techniques for various functional
group interconversion reactions is presented. Besides highlighting a variety of prominent
examples and their main features, this review provides insights into specific reaction
classes, such as oxidations, reductions, rearrangements as well as different C-H functionalization
processes. While this review can only include key examples from the last decade, the
reader will find a solid foundation of important transformations along with further references
to inform and appreciate the opportunities arising from modern synthesis technologies such as
flow synthesis.
Clustering of Unhealthy Behaviors: Protocol for a Multiple Behavior Analysis of Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: van Allen Zack , Bacon Simon L , Bernard Paquito , Brown Heather , Desroches Sophie , Kastner Monika , Lavoie Kim , Marques Marta , McCleary Nicola , Straus Sharon , Taljaard Monica , Thavorn Kednapa , Tomasone Jennifer R , Presseau Justin 
Published: June 2021

Background
Health behaviors such as physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, smoking tobacco, and alcohol use are leading risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases and play a central role in limiting health and life satisfaction. To date, however, health behaviors tend to be considered separately from one another, resulting in guidelines and interventions for healthy aging siloed by specific behaviors and often focused only on a given health behavior without considering the co-occurrence of family, social, work, and other behaviors of everyday life.

Objective
The aim of this study is to understand how behaviors cluster and how such clusters are associated with physical and mental health, life satisfaction, and health care utilization may provide opportunities to leverage this co-occurrence to develop and evaluate interventions to promote multiple health behavior changes.

Methods
Using cross-sectional baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, we will perform a predefined set of exploratory and hypothesis-generating analyses to examine the co-occurrence of health and everyday life behaviors. We will use agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to cluster individuals based on their behavioral tendencies. Multinomial logistic regression will then be used to model the relationships between clusters and demographic indicators, health care utilization, and general health and life satisfaction, and assess whether sex and age moderate these relationships. In addition, we will conduct network community detection analysis using the clique percolation algorithm to detect overlapping communities of behaviors based on the strength of relationships between variables.

Results
Baseline data for the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were collected from 51,338 participants aged between 45 and 85 years. Data were collected between 2010 and 2015. Secondary data analysis for this project was approved by the Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board (protocol ID #20190506-01H).

Conclusions
This study will help to inform the development of interventions tailored to subpopulations of adults (eg, physically inactive smokers) defined by the multiple behaviors that describe their everyday life experiences.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/24887
Muscular Assessment in Patients With Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Protocol for a Case-Control Study
Authors: Borrmann Paz Francisca , O'Connor-Reina Carlos , Ignacio Jose M , Rodriguez Ruiz Elisa , Rodriguez Alcala Laura , Dzembrovsky Florencia , Baptista Peter , Garcia Iriarte Maria T , Casado Alba Carlos , Plaza Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

Background
Myofunctional therapy is currently a reasonable therapeutic option to treat obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). This therapy is based on performing regular exercises of the upper airway muscles to increase their tone and prevent their collapse. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing number of publications in this area; however, to our knowledge, there are no studies focused on patients who can most benefit from this therapy.

Objective
This protocol describes a case-control clinical trial aimed at determining the muscular features of patients recently diagnosed with severe OSAHS compared with those of healthy controls.

Methods
Patients meeting set criteria will be sequentially enrolled up to a sample size of 40. Twenty patients who meet the inclusion criteria for controls will also be evaluated. Patients will be examined by a qualified phonoaudiologist who will take biometric measurements and administer the Expanded Protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES), Friedman Staging System, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires. Measures of upper airway muscle tone will also be performed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and tongue digital spoon devices. Evaluation will be recorded and reevaluated by a second specialist to determine concordance between observers.

Results
A total of 60 patients will be enrolled. Both the group with severe OSAHS (40 patients) and the control group (20 subjects) will be assessed for differences between upper airway muscle tone and OMES questionnaire responses.

Conclusions
This study will help to determine muscle patterns in patients with severe OSAHS and can be used to fill the gap currently present in the assessment of patients suitable to be treated with myofunctional therapy.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN12596010; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12596010

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/30500
Percepción del programa de alimentación escolar (pae) en el colegio municipal aeropuerto, comuna 6 del municipio san José de Cúcuta bajo el enfoque de seguridad alimentaria
Authors: Palencia-Botello Rosa Elvira , Reales-Duarte Paola Andrea , Cordero Diaz Marling Carolina 
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general analizar la percepción del Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE) en la institución educativa Colegio Municipal Aeropuerto ubicado en la comuna 8 del municipio San José de Cúcuta, bajo el enfoque de Seguridad Alimentaria, teniendo en cuenta que ello garantiza el derecho fundamental que contribuye al desarrollo de la población y también al progreso del Estado; para lo cual se llevó a cabo una investigación de campo, bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando como técnica la encuesta, y como instrumento de recolección de información el cuestionario estructurado de preguntas cerradas, para una muestra no probabilística e intencional, conformada por 25 padres y/o cuidadores del Colegio Municipal Aeropuerto, el Comité de Alimentación Escolar de esta institución (7 personas), a quienes fue dirigido el cuestionario. Los resultados arrojaron que no existen indicadores de seguimiento y monitoreo para la fase de ejecución del PAE, tampoco lo hacen las instituciones educativas, quienes simplemente elaboran actas con la lista de los estudiantes atendidos y las porciones o alimentos entregados. Por esa razón, se llegó a la conclusión de que es necesario optimizar estos pasos con la implementación de indicadores de seguimiento, los cuales fueron formulados por los autores de esta investigación, con el interés de que las instituciones educativas lleven un control oportuno de este importante beneficio.
Outside Opportunities, Managerial Risk Taking, and CEO Compensation
Authors: Chen Wen , Jung Sumi , Peng Xiaoxia , Zhang Ivy Xiying 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Exploiting the setting of staggered adoption of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) in U.S. state courts, we examine how quasi-exogenous restrictions of outside employment opportunities affect CEO compensation structure. The IDD adoption constrains executives' ability to work for competitors, which likely decreases CEOs' tendency to take risks by increasing the cost of job loss and reducing the reward to risk taking. We expect the board to respond by increasing the sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock volatility (vega) to encourage risk taking. We find a significant increase in vega post-IDD adoption. The effect is stronger among CEOs with greater career concerns. The effect also increases with the ex ante CEO mobility and the importance of trade secrets, suggesting the board increases vega more when there is a greater reduction in CEO outside opportunities. Overall, we provide new evidence on how external labor market frictions affect the convexity of CEO compensation.
JEL Classifications: G32; M12; J60.
Epigenome-Wide Association Study Reveals Methylation Loci Associated With Offspring Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Exposure and Maternal Methylome
Authors: Canouil Mickaël , Khamis Amna , Keikkala Elina , Hummel Sandra , Lobbens Stephane , Bonnefond Amélie , Delahaye Fabien , Tzala Evangelia , Mustaniemi Sanna , Vääräsmäki Marja , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Sebert Sylvain , Kajantie Eero , Froguel Philippe , Andrew Toby 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of obesity and insulin resistance in offspring later in life, which might be explained by epigenetic changes in response to maternal hyperglycemic exposure.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe explored the association between GDM exposure and maternal blood and newborn cord blood methylation in 536 mother-offspring pairs from the prospective FinnGeDi cohort using Illumina MethylationEPIC 850K BeadChip arrays. We assessed two hypotheses. First, we tested for shared maternal and offspring epigenetic effects resulting from GDM exposure. Second, we tested whether GDM exposure and maternal methylation had an epigenetic effect on the offspring.RESULTSWe did not find any epigenetic marks (differentially methylated CpG probes) with shared and consistent effects between mothers and offspring. After including maternal methylation in the model, we identified a single significant (false discovery rate 1.38 × 10−2) CpG at the cg22790973 probe (TFCP2) associated with GDM. We identified seven additional FDR-significant interactions of maternal methylation and GDM status, with the strongest association at the same cg22790973 probe (TFCP2), as well as cg03456133, cg24440941 (H3C6), cg20002843 (LOC127841), cg19107264, and cg11493553 located within the UBE3C gene and cg17065901 in FAM13A, both susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes and BMI, and cg23355087 within the DLGAP2 gene, known to be involved in insulin resistance during pregnancy.CONCLUSIONSOur study reveals the potential complexity of the epigenetic transmission between mothers with GDM and their offspring, likely determined by not only GDM exposure but also other factors indicated by maternal epigenetic status, such as maternal metabolic history.
A Study on Perception on the Malay Language Proficiency among Bangladeshi Migrants Who are Involved in the Business Sector in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Sayed Mahadi Syed Abdul Razak , Mohd Nizan Ain Shafiqah , Wahab Azhar Ab 
Published: June 2021

Malaysia whom with open arms welcomes foreigners to help develop its economy catches the attention of especially the Bangladeshis. Undoubtedly, the presence of Bangladeshis has helped in filling in the vacancies in many sectors such as plantation, construction, services and manufacturing. Their work stint and experience gained leads to a paradigm shift, from an employee to an entrepreneur. Migration to Malaysia demands them to learn and acquire the Malay language for survival. In addition, proficiency in the Malay language is an added value as it makes them feel contented, secure and successful. This study aims to look at the perception on the proficiency of the Bangladeshis entrepreneurs who are adapting the Malay language as the main medium of communication. The relation between levels of education and proficiency in 1) speaking, 2) reading and 3) writing is analysed. This study also evaluates the importance of the Malay language usage among Bangladeshis in managing businesses. A survey was conducted on 56 Bangladeshi migrants who were involved in the business field in Kuala Lumpur. Surely, it is crucial for Bangladeshis who wish to work in this country to be proficient in the Malay language. This is to ensure their survival strategy is sustained, allowing them to tap a gold mine in Malaysian soil.