bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of anaerobic phosphorus release from activated sludge with three carbon sources
Authors: Dai Xiaohu , Gu Zhanbei , Dai Lingling , Shen Changming , Zhou Wei , Huang Jihui , Wang Wei , Liu Zhigang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Three carbon sources, namely sodium acetate, sewage and effluent, were used to simulate the process of phosphorus release in an actual sewage treatment plant, in order to explore the phosphorus release performance of the sludge, the relationship between phosphorus release and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in sewage, and the stability of phosphorus-rich sludge. The results showed that the type and concentration of carbon sources had significant effects on the rate of phosphorus release, reaction equilibrium time and phosphorus release amount. When sodium acetate was used as the carbon source, the phosphorus release rate reached 12.54 mg P (g VSS·h)−1, and tended to be stable at 4.0 hours. The phosphorus release amount in the first 2.5 hours accounted for 36.88% of the total phosphorus in the sludge. When sewage was used as the carbon source, the phosphorus release rate did not reach equilibrium even at 5.0 hours, and the phosphorus release amount increased by 1.0 mg L−1 for every 10.5 mg L−1 increase sewage COD within a certain range. When effluent was used as the carbon source, the visual phosphorus release amount was only 0.83 mg L−1 after standing for 24 hours and the actual phosphorus release amount was 17.98 mg L−1. These conclusions can provide technical support for the optimization of phosphorus removal in sewage treatment plants.
Docking Investigation on Bis (Nitro Indazolyl) Methanes; Synthesis and
Antimicrobial Activity Towards Breast Cancer Applications
Authors: Jagadeesan S. , Karpagam S. 
Published: February 2021

:
Bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate (BN) was found to be a mild and efficient catalyst for the electrophilic condensation of 5-nitroindazole with a wide range of aldehydes to obtain Bis (5-nitro indazolyl) methanes 3 (a-h) at ambient
temperature. This was structurally confirmed from FTIR, NMR, and HR-MS technique. Molecular docking studies of all
compounds was carried out using breast cancer-causing human estrogen receptor (ER) from Molegro Virtual Docker software. Hydroxy Bis (nitro indazolyl) methanes (3b) were shown better binding affinities and the score obtained was -150.146
Kcal/mol compared with Tamoxifen drug. The major H-bond interactions were observed with the compound 3f and the
value was -5.679. The antimicrobial activity results revealed that compounds 3b and 3d showed promising activity against
bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and maximum inhibition against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Methoxy derivatives of Bis (nitro indazolyl methanes) (3e) have
shown better antioxidant activity and low MIC (6.25 µg/ml) observed for the compounds 3a and 3b. The synthesized compounds have a very promising starting point for the development and improvement of anti-breast cancer drugs.
New Genetic Polymorphisms as an Epidemiological Factor of Arterial
Hypertension in Patients with Hyposodical Diet
Authors: López-Toledo Sabina , Ramírez-García Sergio A. , Cabrera-Pivaral Carlos E. , Flores-Alvarado Luis Javier , Ruiz Dalia Madrigal , Aguilar Aldrete María E. , Parada-Luna Felipe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Hypertension is a major public health problem, affecting more than a quarter of the world's population that causes serious cardiovascular problems. In recent years, different polymorphisms have been studied and helped to identify some candidate genes and hereditary syndromes associated to the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension. Therefore, it is important to identify these molecular mechanisms. This review exposes all the genes and polymorphisms that increase or decrease the risk of hypertension in different populations that are related to the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, G protein, salt excretion, aldosterone synthesis, lipid metabolism, mechanism of insulin resistance, vitamin metabolism, purines and sodium reabsorption. This document can be a useful tool in clinical practice, in addition to serving as a support for future research on this topic.
Highlighting Exosomes’ Function in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Setianto Budhi , Prawara Ananta Siddhi , Dwiputra Bambang 
Published: February 2021

:
Exosomes, as one of the extracellular vesicles’ subgroups, played an important role in
the cell to cell communication. The cargos and surface protein of exosomes have been known to affect
the cardiovascular system both positively and negatively in chronic heart failure, ischemic
heart disease, and atherosclerosis. There have been several exosomes that emerged as potential diagnostic
and prognostic markers in cardiovascular patients. However, the conditions affecting the
patients and the method of isolation should be considered to create a standardized normal value of
the exosomes and the components. CPC-derived exosomes, ADSCs-derived exosomes, and telocyte-
derived exosomes have been proven to be capable of acting as a therapeutic agent in myocardial
infarction models. Exosomes have the potential to become a diagnostic marker, prognostic
marker, and therapeutic agent in cardiovascular diseases.
The Clinical Difference between Gabapentin and Pregabalin: Data from a Pilot Comparative Trial
Authors: Gammoh Omar , Al-Smadi Ahmed , Shawagfeh Mohammad Q. , Abadi Thani , Kasawneh Jawad , Malkawi Sukaina , Zein Sima 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Similar anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin and pregabalin are recommended
in neuropathic pain management, however little is known about their clinical differences
in cases of low back pain. This paper aims to highlight some of the possible clinical differences between
gabapentin and pregabalin in low back pain.

Methods:
Patients with moderate to severe low back pain were recruited. Eligible patients were randomised
to receive either pregabalin (300 mg/day)or gabapentin (800 mg/day) for six weeks.

:
The primary outcome measure was pain intensity according to the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) at
baseline and at six weeks. The secondary outcome measures were: anxiety, insomnia, fatigue and
the self-rated (GCI), measured at baseline, second, fourth, and the sixth week.

Results:
A total of 64 patients, pregabalin group (n=28), gabapentin group (n=36) completed the
study. While pregabalin group showed a significantly lower pain score (p=0.039). The gabapentin
group showed significant improvement in anxiety (p=0.001), insomnia (p=0.001), general fatigue
(p=0.009), physical fatigue (p=0.001), reduce activity (p=0.001), and mental fatigue (p=0.014)
higher than that of pregabalin. No difference in (GCI) was seen at six weeks.

Conclusion:
This is the first trial aimed at comparing gabapentin with pregabalin in NLBP. Although
the results are preliminary, in our pilot study pregabalin was found to be superior in pain reduction,
gabapentin demonstrated better effect on anxiety, insomnia and fatigue symptoms. The results
are preliminary and studies with a larger sample size are still required.
A Cognitive-Semantic Study of Conceptual Metaphors in English News Reports
Authors: Jawad Hoshang Farooq , Noori Aram Kamil 
Published: February 2021

This study explores how the development of the conceptual metaphor theory opened new horizons into the way language can be manipulated in the portrayal of the world and our immediate and distant environment of which news, including political news are part. Moreover, political news is the most pervasive type we continually come into contact in our daily communication. Conceptual metaphor is a relation between two conceptual domains, namely, source domain which is concrete, and target domain which is abstract. For example, ARGUMENT IS WAR. We conceptualize and understand "ARGUMENT", the target domain, in terms of "WAR", and the source domain via a process called "mapping". The goal of the study is to carry out a cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors used in political news reports and how reports of the two newspapers construe political issues reflected in their reports. Accordingly, the study aims to provide answers to such questions as: How common are conceptual metaphors in English news reports of the online political register? What types of conceptual metaphors are used in news reports in English newspapers? How conceptual metaphors are experimentally based to human beings' life experiences? Based upon these research questions, it is hypothesized that Conceptual metaphors are argued to be as common in the news reports of the political register as they are in daily conversational language. Some types of conceptual metaphors are argued to be more common than others in the register in question. Moreover, all the conceptual metaphors are argued to have experiential bases which are related to our life experiences.
Index Terms— conceptual metaphor, source domain, target domain, invariance principle, news reports.
Monitoring of Sitting Postures With Sensor Networks in Controlled and Free-living Environments: Systematic Review
Authors: Kappattanavar Arpita Mallikarjuna , Steckhan Nico , Sachs Jan Philipp , Freitas da Cruz Harry , Böttinger Erwin , Arnrich Bert 
Published: February 2021

Background
A majority of employees in the industrial world spend most of their working time in a seated position. Monitoring sitting postures can provide insights into the underlying causes of occupational discomforts such as low back pain.

Objective
This study focuses on the technologies and algorithms used to classify sitting postures on a chair with respect to spine and limb movements.

Methods
A total of three electronic literature databases were surveyed to identify studies classifying sitting postures in adults. Quality appraisal was performed to extract critical details and assess biases in the shortlisted papers.

Results
A total of 14 papers were shortlisted from 952 papers obtained after a systematic search. The majority of the studies used pressure sensors to measure sitting postures, whereas neural networks were the most frequently used approaches for classification tasks in this context. Only 2 studies were performed in a free-living environment. Most studies presented ethical and methodological shortcomings. Moreover, the findings indicate that the strategic placement of sensors can lead to better performance and lower costs.

Conclusions
The included studies differed in various aspects of design and analysis. The majority of studies were rated as medium quality according to our assessment. Our study suggests that future work for posture classification can benefit from using inertial measurement unit sensors, since they make it possible to differentiate among spine movements and similar postures, considering transitional movements between postures, and using three-dimensional cameras to annotate the data for ground truth. Finally, comparing such studies is challenging, as there are no standard definitions of sitting postures that could be used for classification. In addition, this study identifies five basic sitting postures along with different combinations of limb and spine movements to help guide future research efforts.
A Uniquely Targeted, Mobile App-Based HIV Prevention Intervention for Young Transgender Women: Adaptation and Usability Study
Authors: Kuhns Lisa M , Hereth Jane , Garofalo Robert , Hidalgo Marco , Johnson Amy K , Schnall Rebecca , Reisner Sari L , Belzer Marvin , Mimiaga Matthew J 
Published: February 2021

Background
Young transgender women (YTW) are a key population for HIV-related risk reduction, yet very few interventions have been developed to meet their needs. Mobile health interventions with the potential for both efficacy and wide reach are a promising strategy to reduce HIV risk among YTW.

Objective
This study aims to adapt an efficacious group-based intervention to a mobile app, Project LifeSkills, to reduce HIV risk among YTW, and to test its acceptability and usability.

Methods
The group-based intervention was adapted to a mobile app, LifeSkills Mobile, with input from an expert advisory group and feedback from YTW collected during user-centered design sessions. A beta version of the app was then tested in a usability evaluation using a think-aloud protocol with debriefing interviews, recordings of screen activity, and assessments of usability via the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) and the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (Health-ITUES).

Results
YTW (n=8; age: mean 24 years, SD 3 years; racial or ethnic minority: 7/8, 88%) provided feedback on the app prototype in design sessions and then tested a beta version of the app in a usability trial (n=10; age: mean 24 years, SD 3 years; racial or ethnic minority: 8/10, 80%). Both usability ratings (Health-ITUES: mean 4.59, SD 0.86; scale range: 1-5) and ratings for satisfaction and accessibility (PSSUQ: mean 4.64, SD 0.90; scale range 1-5) were in the good to excellent range. No functional bugs were identified, and all mobile activities were deployed as expected. Participant feedback from the usability interviews indicated very good salience of the intervention content among the focal population. Participants’ suggestions to further increase app engagement included adding animation, adding audio, and reducing the amount text.

Conclusions
We conclude that the LifeSkills Mobile app is a highly usable and engaging mobile app for HIV prevention among YTW.
Moderated Online Social Therapy for Young People With Active Suicidal Ideation: Qualitative Study
Authors: Bailey Eleanor , Robinson Jo , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Nedeljkovic Maja , Valentine Lee , Bendall Sarah , D'Alfonso Simon , Gilbertson Tamsyn , McKechnie Ben , Rice Simon 
Published: February 2021

Background
Web-based interventions are a promising approach to support youth at risk of suicide, and those incorporating peer-to-peer social networking may have the added potential to target interpersonal states of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Owing to feasibility and safety concerns, including fear of contagion, this had not been tested until recently. In 2018, we conducted a pilot evaluation to test the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of a Moderated Online Social Therapy intervention, called Affinity, with a sample of young people with active suicidal ideation.

Objective
The aim of this study is to report qualitative data collected from study participants regarding their experience of the web-based social network and the consequent safety features.

Methods
Affinity is a closed website incorporating 3 key components: therapeutic content delivered via comics, peer-to-peer social networking, and moderation by peers and clinicians. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 young people who participated in the pilot study after 8 weeks of exposure to the intervention. Interview data from 2 young people who did not use Affinity were excluded from the analysis. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis, with the frequency of responses characterized using the consensual qualitative research method. The results are reported in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Results
A total of 4 overarching themes were identified: a safe and supportive environment, the importance of mutual experiences, difficulty engaging and connecting, and the pros and cons of banning discussions about suicide. Interestingly, although Affinity was perceived to be safe and free of judgment, concerns about negative evaluation and triggering others were significant barriers to posting on the social network. Participants generally supported the banning of conversations about suicide, although for some this was perceived to reinforce stigma or was associated with frustration and distress.

Conclusions
The results not only support the safety and potential therapeutic benefit of the social networking aspect of Affinity but also highlight several implementation challenges. There is a need to carefully balance the need for stringent safety and design features while ensuring that the potential for therapeutic benefit is maximized.
Barriers to and Facilitators of User Engagement With Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review
Authors: Borghouts Judith , Eikey Elizabeth , Mark Gloria , De Leon Cinthia , Schueller Stephen M , Schneider Margaret , Stadnick Nicole , Zheng Kai , Mukamel Dana , Sorkin Dara H 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDigital mental health interventions (DMHIs), which deliver mental health support via technologies such as mobile apps, can increase access to mental health support, and many studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving symptoms. However, user engagement varies, with regard to a user’s uptake and sustained interactions with these interventions.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to identify common barriers and facilitators that influence user engagement with DMHIs.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the SCOPUS, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Empirical studies that report qualitative and/or quantitative data were included.ResultsA total of 208 articles met the inclusion criteria. The included articles used a variety of methodologies, including interviews, surveys, focus groups, workshops, field studies, and analysis of user reviews. Factors extracted for coding were related to the end user, the program or content offered by the intervention, and the technology and implementation environment. Common barriers included severe mental health issues that hampered engagement, technical issues, and a lack of personalization. Common facilitators were social connectedness facilitated by the intervention, increased insight into health, and a feeling of being in control of one’s own health.ConclusionsAlthough previous research suggests that DMHIs can be useful in supporting mental health, contextual factors are important determinants of whether users actually engage with these interventions. The factors identified in this review can provide guidance when evaluating DMHIs to help explain and understand user engagement and can inform the design and development of new digital interventions.
IN SILICO DESIGN OF QUINOXALINE BEARING THIAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVES AS PPARγ AGONIST IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: T POORNIMA , PT MANJU , E ANJANA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a set of metabolic disease in which there is increased blood sugar level over a long period. The objective of the study is in silico design of quinoxaline bearing thiazolidinone derivatives as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγagonist in diabetes mellitus.
Methods: In silico design of proposed derivatives was conducted by ACD Lab ChemSketch 12.0 and derivatives obeying Lipinski’s rule of five were selected for docking studies. Docking was carried out using AutoDock Vina software.
Results: Molinspiration results revealed that the designed derivatives had physical and chemical properties meant for an orally available drug. Based on the docking results derivatives, QNT1 and QNT2 exhibited high docking score which indicates that these derivatives possess high-affinity and high polar interaction toward protein 1PRG (ligand-binding domain of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma).
Conclusion: The designed quinoxaline bearing thiazolidinone derivatives were found to possess good binding affinity and good interaction in the binding pocket of target 1PRG, so these derivatives are expected to exhibit good antidiabetic property with minimal side effects.
BIOSYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY IN SYNERGY WITH ANTIBIOTICS; A FUTURE ADVANCEMENT IN NANOMEDICINE
Authors: GUPTA MONIKA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This research work develops an approach to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by reduction of leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus plant. This study produces synthesized nanoparticles that have process-controlled attributes which make their antibiotic action highly efficient. These attributes include smaller size, proper morphology, uniform dispersion, metal ion content, and formation of functional groups. By optimizing the reduction process parameters, AgNPs gain the desired properties.
Methods: The biosynthesis of AgNPs process was performed using reaction of 10% (w/v) C. roseus leaf extract with AgNO3. The optimum conditions and concentration used for synthesis of nanoparticles were: 1 mM AgNO3, pH 5, and temperature 80°C with an incubation time of 72 h. All the above parameters were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer with the surface plasmon resonance peak obtained at 440 nm.
Results: Various characterization techniques were performed, namely, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence study, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. The results obtained from characterization confirmed the spherical morphology of the nanoparticles with size between 50 and 87 nm. In the current investigation, the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was also determined using minimum inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition methods against six different bacteria at different doses of AgNPs (100, 150, and 200 μg/ml) alone and also in combination with antibiotic-streptomycin.
Conclusion: The results revealed that high concentration of AgNPs inhibits the bacterial growth. Furthermore, AgNPs revealed much stronger antibacterial action in synergy with streptomycin against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
STABILITY INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FIMASARTAN BY REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: A SRUTHI , PRASAD PANIGRAHY UTTAM 
Published: February 2021

Objective: A rapid, sensitive and specific reverse phase High performance liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of Fimasartan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Method: The RP-HPLC analysis was performed isocratically on a Primacel C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm internal diameter, 5 μm particle size) using mobile phase of composition Acetonitrile and 0.1% orthophosphoric Acid in 80:20, v/v proportions with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min.
Results: The analyte was monitered with UV-detector at 265 nm. In the developed method Fimasartan elutes at a typical retention time of 2.4 min. The proposed method is having linearity in the concentration ranging from 5-30 μg/ml of Fimasartan.
Conclusion: : The method was statistically validated and had been applied to analysis of the drug in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.