bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing semantic belief function to handle decision conflicts in SoS using k-means clustering
Authors: Elsayed Eman K. , Ahmed Ahmed Sharaf Eldin , Younes Hebatullah Rashed 
Published: April 2021

Background
The endeavouring to offer complex special functions from individual systems gave rise to what is known as the System of Systems (SoS). SoS co-integrating systems together while allowing for absorbing more systems in the future. SoS as an integrated system simplifies operations, reduces costs, and ensures efficiency. However, conflict may result while co-integrating systems, violating the main benefits of SoS. This paper is concerned with enhancing the time required to detect and solve such conflicts.

Methods
We adopted the k-means clustering technique to enhance the detection and solving of conflict resulting while co-integrating new systems into an existing SoS. Instead of dealing with SoS as a single entity, we partition it into clusters. Each cluster contains nearby systems according to pre-specified criteria. We can consider each cluster a Sub SoS (S-SoS). By doing so, the conflict that may arise while co-integrating new systems can be detected and solved in a shorter time. We propose the Smart Semantic Belief Function Clustered System of Systems (SSBFCSoS), which is an enhancement of the Ontology Belief Function System of Systems (OBFSoS).

Results
The proposed method proved the ability to rapidly detect and resolve conflicts. It showed the ability to accommodate more systems as well, therefore achieving the objectives of SoS. In order to test the applicability of the SSBFCSoS and compare its performance with other approaches, two datasets were employed. They are (Glest & StarCraft Brood War). With each dataset, 15 test cases were examined. We achieved, on average, 89% in solving the conflict compared to 77% for other approaches. Moreover, it showed an acceleration of up to proportionality over previous approaches for about 16% in solving conflicts as well. Besides, it reduced the frequency of the same conflicts by approximately 23% better than the other method, not only in the same cluster but even while combining different clusters.
The Gibbs Energy–Potential Energy Conundrum and Chemical Reactivity: Implications for Catalysis and Enzyme Action
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale 
Published: April 2021

The interpretation of transition state theory via reaction energy profiles is problematical, as it remains unclear whether the energy being represented is the Gibbs energy or the potential energy. Although transition state theory is formally an extension of classical equilibrium theory, employing the Gibbs energy can lead to ambiguities in explaining reactivity trends and differences. Thus, the differential reactivity of the carbonyl group in carboxylic esters and carboxylic acid chlorides, when present in the same molecule, can only be explained by invoking transition state effects because of the common ground state. The said transition state effects, however, apparently need implausible assumptions.
It is argued herein that these ambiguities can be avoided by employing potential energy. In particular, by invoking the “localized” potential energy at a reactive center, ground state effects can be brought into play. This is likely to be largely vibrational potential energy, as this is closely involved in bond breaking and making. It appears, therefore, that transition state theory is best viewed in a qualitative sense for it to be practically meaningful.
These arguments, in fact, have intriguing implications for catalysis, particularly the theory of enzyme catalysis. Thus, enzymes apparently possess large negative Gibbs energies of formation, hence their reactivity cannot be explained by ground state effects. However, if the “localized” potential energy of the reactive groups in the active site is considered, the phenomenal reactivity of enzymes becomes comprehensible, in an alternative to the Pauling hypothesis of transition state stabilization. This generally implies that the action of catalysts needs to take into account the ground state potential energy of the catalyst, which is almost always ignored in current theoretical treatments.
Subcortical short‐term plasticity elicited by deep brain stimulation
Authors: Awad Mohammad Z. , Vaden Ryan J. , Irwin Zachary T. , Gonzalez Christopher L. , Black Sarah , Nakhmani Arie , Jaeger Byron C. , Bentley J. Nicole , Guthrie Barton L. , Walker Harrison C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate local short‐term neuroplasticity elicited by subthalamic, thalamic, and pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders.MethodsDuring DBS surgery, we delivered pairs of stimulus pulses with both circular and directional leads across 90 interstimulus intervals in 17 participants and recorded local field potentials from unused contacts on the implanted electrode array. We removed the stimulus artifact, validated the neural origin of the underlying signals, and examined short‐term plasticity as a function of interstimulus interval and DBS target, using linear mixed effects models.ResultsDBS evokes short latency local field potentials that are readily detected with both circular and directional leads at all stimulation targets (0.31 ± 0.10 msec peak latency, mean ± SD). Peak amplitude, area, and latency are modified strongly by interstimulus interval (P < 0.001) and display absolute and relative refractory periods (0.56 ± 0.08 and 2.94 ± 1.05 msec, respectively). We also identified later oscillatory activity in the subthalamic‐pallidal circuit (4.50 ± 1.11 msec peak latency) that displays paired pulse facilitation (present in 5/8 subthalamic, 4/5 pallidal, and 0/6 thalamic trajectories, P = 0.018, Fisher’s exact test), and correlates with resting beta frequency power (P < 0.001), therapeutic DBS frequencies, and stimulation sites chosen later for therapy in the ambulatory setting (P = 0.031).InterpretationPaired DBS pulses synchronize local circuit electrophysiology and elicit short‐term neuroplasticity in the subthalamic‐pallidal circuit. Collectively, these responses likely represent the earliest detectable interaction between the DBS pulse and local neuronal tissue in humans. Evoked subcortical field potentials could serve as a predictive biomarker to guide the implementation of next‐generation directional and adaptive stimulation devices.
Impact of a Rheumatology Clinic Protocol on Tobacco Cessation Quit Line Referrals
Authors: Bartels Christie M. , Johnson Lauren , Ramly Edmond , Panyard Daniel J. , Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea , Johnson Heather M. , McBride Patrick , Li Zhanhai , Sampene Emmanuel , Lauver Diane R. , Lewicki Kristin , Piper Megan E. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveSmoking increases cardiopulmonary and rheumatic disease risk, yet tobacco cessation intervention is rare in rheumatology clinics. This study aimed to implement a rheumatology staff‐driven protocol, Quit Connect, to increase the rate of electronic referrals (e‐referrals) to free, state‐run tobacco quit lines.MethodsWe conducted a quasi‐experimental cohort study of Quit Connect at 3 rheumatology clinics comparing tobacco quit line referrals from 4 baseline years to referrals during a 6‐month intervention period. Nurses and medical assistants were trained to use 2 standardized electronic health record (EHR) prompts to check readiness to quit smoking within 30 days, advise cessation, and connect patients using tobacco quit line e‐referral orders. Our objective was to use EHR data to examine the primary outcome of tobacco quit line referrals using pre/post design.ResultsAcross 54,090 pre‐ and post‐protocol rheumatology clinic visits, 4,601 were with current smokers. We compared outcomes between 4,078 eligible pre‐implementation visits and 523 intervention period visits. Post‐implementation, the odds of tobacco quit line referral were 26‐fold higher compared to our pre‐implementation rate (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 26 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 6–106]). Adjusted odds of checking readiness to quit in the next 30 days increased over 100‐fold compared to pre‐implementation (adjusted OR 132 [95% CI 99–177]). Intervention led to e‐referrals for 71% of quit‐ready patients in <90 seconds; 24% of referred patients reported a quit attempt.ConclusionImplementing Quit Connect in rheumatology clinics was feasible and improved referrals to a state‐run tobacco quit line. Given the importance of smoking cessation to reduce cardiopulmonary and rheumatic disease risk, future studies should investigate disseminating cessation protocols like Quit Connect that leverage tobacco quit lines.
Subtle differences in autonomic symptoms in people diagnosed with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders
Authors: Martinez Kiana L. , Mauss Corina , Andrews Jennifer , Saboda Kathylynn , Huynh Julie M. , Sanoja Alejandro J. , Jesudas Rohith , Byers Peter H. , Laukaitis Christina M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) GENE study is a multicenter, cohort study with the goal to identify genes associated with hypermobile EDS. Of the 148 people enrolled in the hEDS GENE study, 98 meet the 2017 hEDS criteria, 27 have a hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) and 23 are asymptomatic family members. More than 80% of participants are female with an average age of 41 years. Each participant has completed seven questionnaires to quantify disease‐related symptomatology. People with hypermobility experience a variety of physical and somatic symptoms, especially in the areas of fatigue, kinesiophobia, gastrointestinal, and autonomic function. These cause a significant decrease in health‐related quality of life. The frequency and severity of most symptoms were indistinguishable between participants with hEDS and HSD; however, there were significant differences in autonomic symptoms. Less than 20% of participants had autoantibodies known to be associated with dysautonomia. Subtle symptomatic differences in people meeting the 2017 diagnostic criteria suggest focusing further etiologic studies on autonomic pathways.
Genetic testing to restore the human right to identity in post‐dictatorship Argentina: Ethical, legal, and social issues
Authors: Penchaszadeh Victor B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983), committed egregious violations of human rights, including torture assassinations and disappearance of 30,000 political dissidents as well as friends and relatives. This included hundreds of pregnant women who were kept in clandestine detention centers and killed after delivering their babies in abject conditions. The succeeding democratic governments applied forensic genetics at the Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos to identify the estimated 500 children stolen at birth and being reared by military families with suppression of their identity. The first genetic identification was in 1984 of a 6 years old, while the latest was in 2019 of a 44 years old, completing so far 130 identifications along 35 years of post‐dictatorship. The ethical, legal, and psycho‐social complexities of restoration of genetic identity after years of appropriation and suppression of identity in the Argentine context, is discussed at length. Evidence indicates that after initial psychological distress, most individuals that had their true genetic identity restored experienced relief by learning the truth and reuniting with their biological families. Many “recovered grandchildren” are socially and politically involved in progressive causes and express pride for the social activism of their disappeared parents. The role played by genetics in support of the right to identity in Argentina has set an example of social responsibility of science in defense of human rights.
Preparation and tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene/metal mesh composites with sandwich structure
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Li Xiaolei , Zhang Yan , Dong Yu , Yao Weigang , Liang Lei , Qi Xiaowen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) owns an excellent self‐lubricating performance, but its wear rate is very high due to the large‐scale spalling of the matrix in the friction. In this paper, A new kind of PTFE composites with sandwich structure was prepared by layer‐press technology, whose middle layer is filled with metal mesh. The influence of the mesh structure and mesh density of middle metal layer on tribological properties of composites were researched in detail. The results revealled that the metal mesh located in the composites can efficiently prevent the large‐scale spalling of PTFE, which induces the sample of PTFE/500# plain woven dutch metal mesh (PTFE‐500#PWD) to have a lower wear rate (9 × 10−5 mm3/Nm) and COF (0.106) under the fixed experimental condition. The prepared PTFE/metal mesh composites reveal excellent anti‐friction and anti‐wear performance, which can be used to fabricate a new kind of self‐lubricating materials.
Improved dynamic properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes made fromco‐monomericpolyester polyol soft segments based on azelaic acid
Authors: Tuan Ismail Tuan Noor Maznee , Ibrahim Nor Azowa , Poo Palam Kosheela Devi , Sendijarevic Aisa , Sendijarevic Ibrahim , M. Schiffman Christi , Hoong Seng Soi , Mohd Noor Mohd Azmil , Yeong Shoot Kian , Abd. Malek Emilia , Zainuddin Norhazlin , Sendijarevic Vahid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch and developmental work of bio‐based materials from both renewable resources and biotechnological processes have gained significant interest recently. In this study, bio‐based azelaic acid has been used in combination with succinic and adipic acids to synthesize co‐monomeric polyester polyol soft segments for thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). Hysteresis of TPUs made from co‐monomeric polyester polyols were significantly lower in comparison to the reference TPUs made from monomeric polyester polyols, indicating significant improvement in dynamic properties. In addition, tensile sets of TPUs prepared with co‐monomeric polyester polyols were lower compared to TPUs prepared from monomeric polyester polyols, confirming excellent dynamic properties. Improved dynamic properties of TPUs based on co‐monomeric polyester polyols can be ascribed to a phase‐separated morphology which was quantified as the lowest fraction of bonded urethane from FTIR spectra, reduced crystallinity in differential scanning calorimetry thermograms, narrow tanδpeaks measured using dynamic mechanical analyses, and images from atomic force microscopy.
Model‐free finite‐time terminal sliding mode control with a novel adaptive sliding mode observer of uncertain robot systems
Authors: Song Tangzhong , Fang Lijin , Wang Huaizhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a model‐free finite‐time terminal sliding mode control scheme of uncertain robot systems. Time delay estimation (TDE) technique is employed to estimate mathematical model of system. However, TDE cannot achieve satisfactory performance when the system suffers from impactive disturbances. For this reason, a novel adaptive sliding mode observer is designed to compensate estimation errors. Moreover, the proposed observer is finite‐time stable and the design process does not depend on the upper bounds of uncertainties and its derivatives, and it can be also extended to other nonlinear systems with external disturbance. A nonsingular fast terminal sliding surface is designed to accelerate convergence rate and boundary layer technique is adopted to attenuate the chattering phenomenon. Finally, a finite‐time stable controller is constructed to stabilize the closed‐loop system. The proposed controller is model‐free and can be easily implemented in practice. The stability of both observer and controller is strictly proven in the Lyapunov framework. Simulations and experimental studies using Rethink Sawyer Robot are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Accelerated wound closure: Systematic evaluation of cellulose acetate effects on biologically active molecules release from amniotic fluid stem cells
Authors: Nuge Tamrin , Liu Xiaoling , Tshai Kim Yeow , Lim Siew Shee , Nordin Norshariza , Hoque Md. Enamul , Liu Ziqian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite a lot of intensive research on cell–scaffold interaction, the focus is mainly on the capacity of construct scaffolds to regulate cell mobility, migration, and cytotoxicity. The effect of the scaffold's topographical and material properties on the expression of biologically active compounds from stem cells is not well understood. In this study, the influence of cellulose acetate (CA) on the electrospinnability of gelatin and the roles of gelatin–cellulose acetate (Ge‐CA) on modulating the release of biologically active compounds from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) is emphasized. It was found that the presence of a small amount of CA could provide a better microenvironment that mimics AFSCs' niche. However, a large amount of CA exhibited no significant effect on AFSCs migration and infiltration. Further study on the effect of surface topography and mechanical properties on AFSCs showed that the tailored microenvironment provided by the Ge‐CA scaffolds had transduced physical cues to biomolecules released into the culture media. It was found that the AFSCs seeded on electrospun scaffolds with less CA proportions have profound effects on the secretion of metabolic compounds compared to those with higher CA contained and gelatin coating. The enhanced secretion of biologically active molecules by the AFSCs on the electrospun scaffolds was proven by the accelerated wound closure on the injured human dermal fibroblast (HDF) model. The rapid HDF cell migration could be anticipated due to a higher level of paracrine factors in AFSCs media. Our study demonstrates that the fibrous topography and mechanical properties of the scaffold are a key material property that modulates the high expression of biologically active compounds from the AFSCs. The discovery elucidates a new aspect of material functions and scaffolds material–AFSC interaction for regulating biomolecules release to promote tissue regeneration/repair. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the scaffolds material–AFSC interaction and the efficacy of scratch assays on quantifying the cell migration in response to the AFSCs metabolic products.
Datenbank zum Durchstanzen stahlfaserverstärkter Flachdecken ohne Durchstanzbewehrung
Authors: Landler Josef , Fischer Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDie Durchstanzbemessung stahlfaserverstärkter Flachdecken erfolgt derzeit in Deutschland anhand der bauaufsichtlich eingeführten Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton” des Deutschen Ausschuss für Stahlbeton (DAfStb). Die Zugabe von Stahlfasern in den Beton ermöglicht nach dem Eintreten der Rissbildung eine effektive Zugkraftübertragung über den Riss hinweg und begrenzt die fortschreitende Rissöffnung, was sich für die Durchstanztragfähigkeit von Flachdecken als besonders günstig erweist. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen seit Mitte der 1970er Jahre bestätigten dies und ermöglichten die Ableitung empirischer und teils mechanisch basierter Ansätze zur rechnerischen Erfassung der Fasertragwirkung beim Nachweis einer ausreichenden Durchstanztragfähigkeit ohne Durchstanzbewehrung.Zur Bewertung und Weiterentwicklung dieser Ansätze wurde eine Datenbank zu Durchstanzversuchen an stahlfaserverstärkten Flachdecken ohne Durchstanzbewehrung aufgebaut. Unter Beachtung der zugrunde gelegten baupraktischen Anforderungen in Bezug auf die Plattendicke, den Längsbewehrungsgrad sowie die Betondruck‐ und die Nachrisszugfestigkeit konnten etwa 116 Versuche in die Durchstanz‐Datenbank „Stahlfaserbeton” aufgenommen werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Datenbank vor und diskutiert deren Auswertung hinsichtlich der Vorhersagegenauigkeit und des Sicherheitsniveaus der Bemessungsansätze nach der DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton” sowie nach Model Code 2010.
Human posture tracking with flexible sensors for motion recognition
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Chen Xiaowei , Ma Yong , Guo Shihui , Qin Yipeng , Liao Minghong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe integration of conventional clothes with flexible electronics is a promising solution as a future‐generation computing platform. However, the problem of user authentication on this novel platform is still underexplored. This work uses flexible sensors to track human posture and achieves the goal of user authentication. We capture human movement pattern by four stretch sensors around the shoulder and one on the elbow. We introduce the long short‐term memory fully convolutional network (LSTM‐FCN), which directly takes noisy and sparse sensor data as input and verifies its consistency with the user's predefined movement patterns. The method can identify a user by matching movement patterns even if there are large intrapersonal variations. The authentication accuracy of LSTM‐FCN reaches 98.0%, which is 10.7% and 6.5% higher than that of dynamic time warping and dynamic time warping dependent.
Synthesis of the enantiomers of 13‐methylheptacosane, the sex pheromone of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola
Authors: Yuan Gucheng , Yang Yuxiong , Liu Jiawei , Bian Qinghua , Wang Min , Zhong Jiangchun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn efficient and gram‐scale enantioselective synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐13‐methylheptacosane, the sex pheromone of pear psylla, has been developed. The key steps of the approach included Evans' chiral auxiliaries and Wittig coupling of chiral phosphonium salt with aldehyde.
Full optical rotation tensor at coupled cluster with single and double excitations level in the modified velocity gauge
Authors: Zhang Kaihua , Balduf Ty , Caricato Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work presents the first simulations of the full optical rotation (OR) tensor at coupled cluster with single and double excitations (CCSD) level in the modified velocity gauge (MVG) formalism. The CCSD‐MVG OR tensor is origin independent, and each tensor element can in principle be related directly to experimental measurements on oriented systems. We compare the CCSD results with those from two density functionals, B3LYP and CAM‐B3LYP, on a test set of 22 chiral molecules. The results show that the functionals consistently overestimate the CCSD results for the individual tensor components and for the trace (which is related to the isotropic OR), by 10%–20% with CAM‐B3LYP and 20%–30% with B3LYP. The data show that the contribution of the electric dipole–magnetic dipole polarizability tensor to the OR tensor is on average twice as large as that of the electric dipole–electric quadrupole polarizability tensor. The difficult case of (1S,4S)‐(–)‐norbornenone also reveals that the evaluation of the former polarizability tensor is more sensitive than the latter. We attribute the better agreement of CAM‐B3LYP with CCSD to the ability of this functional to better reproduce electron delocalization compared with B3LYP, consistent with previous reports on isotropic OR. The CCSD‐MVG approach allows the computation of reference data of the full OR tensor, which may be used to test more computationally efficient approximate methods that can be employed to study realistic models of optically active materials.