bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЗАРАДИ ЮШКИ ТА ЗАРАДИ КНИГИ. ЖІНКИ-МІГРАНТКИ ЗІ СХОДУ ТА ПРАКТИКИ ТРАНСНАЦІОНАЛІЗМУ. Козенца: Пеллегріні Едіторе, 2018. 230 с. Рец. на монографію Стефанії Cальвіно
Authors: Алла Горбенко Петро Гаврилишин, 
Published: December 2021

Сучасні міграційні процеси вже не одне десятиліття викликають чималий науковий інте­рес та гострі дискусії. Значна кількість українських досліджень присвячена трудовій мігра­ції українців до країн Західної Європи, зокрема Італії. Зростає інтерес до української імміграції і з боку італійських дослідників, оскільки вона є п’ятою, згідно книги, за чисельністю інозем­ною громадою та поступово набуває рис діаспори.
Суттєвим доповненням до існуючого бібліографічного доробку є праця італійської дослідниці, спеціалістки з слов’янської лінгвістики та докторки соціології університету Калаб­рії Стефанії Сальвіно. Монографія “Заради юшки та заради книги. Жінки-мігрантки зі Сходу та практики транснаціоналізму” розглядає українську трудову жіночу міграційну групу в Італії у контексті глобального процесу транснаціоналізації міграцій. Такий підхід дозволяє більш точно зрозуміти як еволюціонує українське заробітчанство та динаміку інтеграції українців в Італії, вивчити особливості їхньої адаптації, побачити соціальний простір, в якому вони існують.
АРЕШТИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ІНТЕЛІГЕНЦІЇ В 1965 р. НА ІВАНО-ФРАНКІВЩИНІ
Authors: Паска Богдан 
Published: December 2021

Метою статті є комплексне дослідження арештів української інтелігенції в 1965 р. на тери­торії Івано-Франківської області. У контексті цієї мети виділені такі завдання: встановлення кіль­кісних масштабів арештів на території Івано-Франківщини, аналіз висунутих представникам інтелі­генції обви­нувачень, методів ведення слідства, поведінки заарештованих, дослідження судових процесів над іва­но-франківськими дисидентами. Основу джерельної бази становлять документи Галузевого державного архіву Служби безпеки України у м. Київ та матеріали самвидаву. Методологічною осно­вою дослідження є концепція Я. Секо про співіснування в українському русі спротиву 1950–80‑х рр. двох парадигм – націо­нально-визвольної (підпільні організації) та націоналізаційної (легальна діяльність інтелігенції із сере­до­вища “шістдесятників”). Автор статті приходить до висновку, що у ході хвилі репресій проти україн­ського шістдесятницького правозахисту у серпні-вересні 1965 р. було затримано п’ятьох представників інтелігенції Івано-Франківщини, із яких чотирьох осіб (В. Мороза, О. Заливаху, М. Озерного, В. Іванишина) було заарештовано. Основними пунктами обвинувачення були розповсю­джен­­ня забороненої літератури та бесіди про необхідність виходу України з СРСР, що було трак­товано як “антирадянська агітація і пропаганда”. Суворість покарання інакодумців значною мірою за­лежала від проявлення ними у ході слідства необхідних емоцій, які свідчили б про їх “розкаяння” і “пере­виховання”. У ході “першої хвилі арештів” Івано-Франківська область опинилась на третьому міс­ці за кількістю репресованих осіб після Львівщини та Київщини. Репресії завдали значного удару по осередках шістдесятницького правозахисту на Прикарпатті та місцевій мережі поширення самвидавної літератури.
Ключові слова: український дисидентський рух, радянський режим, “перша хвиля арештів”, самвидав, Комітет державної безпеки (КДБ), Валентин Мороз, Опанас Заливаха, Михайло Озерний.
The Problem of Cerebral Palsy Today
Authors: MUNNS G. F. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Perlstein presents the problem in the care of cerebral palsy patients as it confronts us today. The monograph is concise, well written, and reveals the author's comprehensive knowledge of the subject.
Part one is concerned with a general description of the problem and discusses the causes, types, prognosis, incidence and other pertinent information and observations. Our present facilities for care are outlined, and this picture is a sorry one indeed. Only about 10% of these unfortunate individuals receive adequate care at the present time.
Part two offers a well thought out and sensible plan to provide effective care. The proposed In-Patient Hospital-Schools and Out-Patient Clinic-Schools administered at state levels seem to offer a method of care far superior to any plan existing in most of our states today. There are a few states which have already inaugurated this or a similar plan.
Physiology of Man in the Desert
Authors: DARROW DANIEL C. 
Published: December 2021

No one can read this book without gaining valuable knowledge concerning water metabolism. Adolph and ten associates summarize studies made for an Army contract on adaptation to the desert. The book is not written solely for physiologists but also for physicians and intelligent Army officers who have to use this knowledge. Since Adolph is one of the foremost physiologists working in this field, the book is authoritative. The style is clear and the index and arrangement of material permits ready reference.
The chief factor in the adaptation to a desert climate is dissipation of heat by evaporation of water. Heat is added from metabolism, from air warmer than the skin, and from radiant energy.
A Trade-off Analysis of Routine Newborn Circumcision
Authors: Christakis Dimitri A. , Harvey Eric , Zerr Danielle M. , Feudtner Chris , Wright Jeffrey A. , Connell Frederick A. 
Published: December 2021

Background.The risks associated with newborn circumcision have not been as extensively evaluated as the benefits.Objectives.The goals of this study were threefold: 1) to derive a population-based complication rate for newborn circumcision; 2) to calculate the number needed to harm for newborn circumcision based on this rate; and 3) to establish trade-offs based on our complication rates and published estimates of the benefits of circumcision including the prevention of urinary tract infections and penile cancer.Methods.Using the Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System for Washington State, we retrospectively examined routine newborn circumcisions performed over 9 years (1987–1996). We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify both circumcisions and complications and limited our analyses to children without other surgical procedures performed during their initial birth hospitalization.Results.Of 354 297 male infants born during the study period, 130 475 (37%) were circumcised during their newborn stay. Overall 287 (.2%) of circumcised children and 33 (.01%) of uncircumcised children had complications potentially associated with circumcision coded as a discharge diagnosis. Based on our findings, a complication can be expected in 1 out every 476 circumcisions. Six urinary tract infections can be prevented for every complication endured and almost 2 complications can be expected for every case of penile cancer prevented.Conclusions.Circumcision remains a relatively safe procedure. However, for some parents, the risks we report may outweigh the potential benefits. This information may help parents seeking guidance to make an informed decision.
Hawaii's Healthy Start Program of Home Visiting for At-Risk Families: Evaluation of Family Identification, Family Engagement, and Service Delivery
Authors: Duggan Anne , Windham Amy , McFarlane Elizabeth , Fuddy Loretta , MPH LCSW, , Rohde Charles , Buchbinder Sharon , Sia Calvin 
Published: December 2021

Objective.To describe family identification, family engagement, and service delivery in a statewide home visiting program for at-risk families of newborns.Setting.Six target communities of Hawaii's Healthy Start Program (HSP), which incorporates 1) early identification of at-risk families of newborns via population-based screening and assessment, and 2) paraprofessionalhome visiting to improve family functioning, promote child health and development, and prevent child maltreatment.Design.Cross-sectional study: describes early identification process and family characteristics associated with initial enrollment. Longitudinal study: describes home visiting process and characteristics associated with continued participation.Subjects.Cross-sectional study: civilian births in 6 communities (n = 6553). Longitudinal study: at-risk families in the intervention group of a randomized trial of the HSP (n = 373).Measures.Process: completeness and timeliness of early identification and home visiting activities; family characteristics: sociodemographics, child abuse risk factors, infant biologic risk.Results.Early identification staff determined risk status for 84% of target families. Families with higher risk scores, young mothers with limited schooling, and families with infants at biologic risk were more likely to enroll in home visiting. Half of those who enrolled were active at 1 year with an average of 22 visits. Families where the father had multiple risk factors and where the mother was substance abusing were more likely to have ≥12 visits; mothers who were unilaterally violent toward the father were less likely. Most families were linked with a medical home; linkage rates for other community resources varied widely by type of service. Half of families overall, but ≥80% of those active at 1 year, received core home visiting services. Performance varied by program site.Conclusions.It is challenging to engage and retain at-risk families in home visiting. Service monitoring must be an integral part of operations.
Effect of Method of Defining the Active Patient Population on Measured Immunization Rates in Predominantly Medicaid and Non-Medicaid Practices
Authors: Morrow Ardythe L. , Crews R. Clinton , Carretta Henry J. , Altaye Mekibib , Finch Albert B. , Sinn Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2021

Objective.
To examine the effect of patient selection criteria on immunization practice assessment outcomes.

Methods.
In 3 high- (50%–85%) and 7 low- (&lt;25%) Medicaid pediatric practices in urban eastern Virginia, we assessed immunization rates of children 12 and 24 months old comparing thestandard criteria (charts in the active files excluding those that documented the child moved or went elsewhere) with 3 alternative criteria for selecting active patients: 1)follow-up: the chart contained a complete immunization record or the patient was found to be active in the practice through follow-up contact by phone or mail; 2) seen in the past year: the chart indicated that the patient was seen in the practice in the past year; 3) consecutive: patients that were seen consecutively for any reason.

Results.
Of the 1823 charts assessed in the high- and low-Medicaid practices, follow-up identified 61% and 83% as active patients; 78% and 95% were ever seen in the past year. At 24 months, mean practice immunization rates were lower for standard (70%) than all 3 alternative criteria (78%–86%). Immunization rate differences between standard and alternative criteria were greater in high- (17%–23%) than low-Medicaid practices (5%–13%).

Conclusion.
The standard for practice assessment should be based on a consistent definition of active patients as the immunization rate denominator.
Pediatric Deaths Attributable to Complex Chronic Conditions: A Population-Based Study of Washington State, 1980–1997
Authors: Feudtner Chris , Christakis Dimitri A. , Connell Frederick A. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives.Advances in medical technology and public health are changing the causes and patterns of pediatric mortality. To better inform health care planning for dying children, we sought to determine if an increasing proportion of pediatric deaths were attributable to an underlying complex chronic condition (CCC), what the typical age of CCC-associated deaths was, and whether this age was increasing.Design.Population-based retrospective cohort from 1980 to 1997, compiled from Washington State annual censuses and death certificates of children 0 to 18 years old.Main Outcome Measures.For each of 9 categories of CCCs, the counts of death, mortality rates, and ages of death.Results.Nearly one-quarter of the 21 617 child deaths during this period were attributable to a CCC. Death rates for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), CCCs, and all other causes each declined, but less so for CCCs. Among infants who died because of causes other than injury or SIDS, 31% of the remaining deaths were attributable to a CCC in 1980 and 41% by 1997; for deaths in children 1 year of age and older, CCCs were cited in 53% in 1980, versus 58% in 1997. The median age of death for all CCCs was 4 months 9 days, with substantial differences among CCCs. No overall change in the age of death between 1980 to 1997 was found (nonparametric trend test).Conclusions.CCCs account for an increasing proportion of child deaths. The majority of these deaths occur during infancy, but the typical age varies by cause. These findings should help shape the design of support care services offered to children dying with chronic conditions and their families.
Counseling Families Who Choose Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Their Child With Chronic Illness or Disability
Authors:   Committee on Children With Disabilities
Published: December 2021

This Policy Statement was retired January 2018.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat chronic illness or disability is increasing in the United States. This is especially evident among children with autism and related disorders. It may be challenging to the practicing pediatrician to distinguish among accepted biomedical treatments, unproven therapies, and alternative therapies. Moreover, there are no published guidelines regarding the use of CAM in the care of children with chronic illness or disability. To best serve the interests of children, it is important to maintain a scientific perspective, to provide balanced advice about therapeutic options, to guard against bias, and to establish and maintain a trusting relationship with families. This statement provides information and guidance for pediatricians when counseling families about CAM.
Symposium
Authors: COE HERBERT E. , BILL ALEXANDER H. , SWENSON ORVAR , KOOP C. EVERETT , HUDSON HENRY W. , WYATT OSWALD S. 
Published: December 2021

At the Toronto meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics it was suggested that the Surgical Section be responsible for a portion of the program at the next annual meeting, the presentations to be in the form of a symposium. Articles relating to surgical conditions in infants and children frequently appear in current medical literature presenting opinions which are often divergent, or even conflicting, and members of the Academy have often commented on this apparent confusion. It seemed timely, therefore, to select several of the more common of these conditions and assign each to a member of the Surgical Section for a discussion which might reasonably be expected to represent one of the views more generally accepted by surgeons primarily interested in children. Complete unanimity is of course not to be expected nor desired, as an honest difference of opinion promotes healthy discussion and progress.
Several of the comments on the presentations indicated that panel discussions on some of the subjects would be most interesting and might well be included in future programs.
The close attention and favorable reaction of the audience was most gratifying, and it was regrettable that Dr. Potts who planned and coordinated the Symposium was prevented by illness from acting as chairman. Illness also prevented Dr. Wilkinson from presenting his discussion on "Bronchiectasis" but fortunately his time could be made available for the Honorary Life President of the Surgical Section, Dr. William E. Ladd, whose excellent address will be long remembered by all who heard it.
Round Table Discussion
Authors: NEUHAUSER EDWARD B. D. , KNOTT PIERCE D. , STORTS BRICK P. 
Published: December 2021

Chairman Neuhauser: I have been very much impressed with the pediatricians who know much more about diseases and abnormalities of the heart and lungs than they give themselves credit for, but the roentgen manifestations of abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract do not appear to be as well understood. Many of the lesions that occur in the gastrointestinal tract, even the common ones, are overlooked. An understanding of the simple lesions and many of the more complicated ones is essential if the proper roentgen examination is to be carried out.
Most of the congenital malformations that occur have a rather simple embryologic explanation. There is defective recanalization of the fetal gut. When the fetal gut is first formed it is an open tube, but during the first few weeks of fetal life there is proliferation of the epithelial lining cells with obliteration of the lumen. Recanalization promptly ensues.
Many of the abnormalities occur during this process of recanalization. Stenosis, atresia, diverticular, duplication and many of the fistulas have their origin during this period of recanalization. The very simple lesions of stenosis and atresia are best demonstrated by lantern slides.
Tracheo-esophageal fistula without atresia or stenosis of the esophagus is not at all uncommon. Many are overlooked because the condition is not suspected; others may be overlooked because the roentgen examination is not properly carried out. Certainly a fistula between the esophagus and trachea running obliquely upward from the anterior aspect of the upper third of the esophagus to the trachea cannot be visualized if the patient is examined only in the supine or prone position.
Symposium
Authors: RATNER BRET , HARRIS T. N. , BOHROD MILTON G. , ROSTENBERG ADOLPH 
Published: December 2021

This review will describe certain developments which have appeared recently in the immunologic literature involving the transfer of viable cells from one animal to another. In 1940 Landsteiner and Chase showed that it was possible to remove cellular exudates from guinea pigs sensitized with simple chemical compounds, wash these cells and transfer them to fresh guinea pigs and then to demonstrate in the recipient guinea pigs dermal sensitivity to the original compound. More recently, Dr. Merrill Chase sensitized guinea pigs with o-chlorobenzoyl chloride: paraffin oil had been injected intraperitoneally into these animals 48 hours before, in order to induce the necessary cellular accumulation. These cells were collected, washed and injected into a recipient guinea pig, which thereupon developed a positive reaction to the allergen.
Similar experiments were done with cells secured from lymph nodes of sensitized guinea pigs and in the case of heat-killed tubercle bacilli suspended in hydrocarbon as antigen.
The same phenomenon has been demonstrated by Metaxas with intradermally injected cells, and by Lawrence in the human species with leucocytes collected from blood and injected intradermally.
Tissue reactions of the immediate type of hypersensitivity have also been demonstrated by Chase as a function of transferred cells by the use of the Schultz-Dale technic, as well as by an adaptation of the PK type of reaction to the measurement of classical antibodies.
It was felt in our laboratory that this type of approach might provide more direct information on the mechanism of antibody formation in the cells involved. Accordingly, a study of such cells was undertaken, using largely bacterial cells as antigens and measuring the agglutinins produced thereto.
Evaluation, Development, and Implementation of Potentially Better Practices in Neonatal Intensive Care Nutrition
Authors: Kuzma-O’Reilly Barbara , Duenas Maria L. , Greecher Coleen , Kimberlin Lois , Mujsce Dennis , Miller Debra , Walker Donna Jean 
Published: December 2021

Objective. The desire for evidence-based clinical guidelines for nutritional support of the preterm infant has been identified. Published evidence has not yielded clear guidelines about the best method of delivery, substrate use, or appropriate outcome measure to evaluate nutrition support. In addition, reports on research of nutrition support often fail to give the most rudimentary process necessary to improve quality in various unit settings.Methods. The Vermont Oxford Network “Got Milk” focus group developed eight potentially better practices for nutrition support, implementation strategies for these practices, and a comprehensive appraisal process to measure nutrition outcome in preterm infants.Results. After implementation of the potentially better practices, all participating institutions showed earlier initiation of nutrition support, earlier attainment of adequate energy intakes, reduced delay in reaching full enteral feeds, more consistent nutrition support practice, decreased length of stay, cost savings, and improved growth at time of discharge.Conclusions. Development and implementation of evidence-based better nutrition support practices in neonates led to improved nutrient intake and growth with reduced length of stay and related costs. Consistent, comprehensive, multidisciplinary appraisal of practice is an integral component of improving nutrition outcomes in the neonatal population.
Development of Potentially Better Practices for the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit as a Culture of Collaboration: Communication, Accountability, Respect, and Empowerment
Authors: Ohlinger Judy , Brown Mark S. , Laudert Sue , Swanson Sue , Fofah Ona ,   on Behalf of the CARE Group
Published: December 2021

Objective. The Vermont Oxford Network (VON) CARE Group was formed in response to the need to create organizational cultures supportive of change and quality improvement.Methods. The CARE Group consisted of team members from 4 participating neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). All CARE Group members chose to work on multidisciplinary teamwork for the duration of the Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative Year 2000. A questionnaire was developed by the CARE Group and administered to the 4 focus group NICUs. The survey focused on 6 domains of the organization: unit coordination, working in the NICU, leadership, management of disagreements, authority, and unit culture. Benchmarking visits were completed to supplement the information found in the survey and the literature.Results. Seven potentially better practices (PBPs) were developed on the basis of the surveys, benchmark visits, and literature reviews. The PBPs include 1) a clear, shared NICU purpose, goals, and values; 2) effective communication among and between teams and team members; 3) leaders lead by example; 4) nurture a collaborative NICU environment with trust and respect; 5) live principled standards of conduct and standards of excellence; 6) nurture competent and committed teams and team members; and 7) commit to effective and positive conflict management.Conclusions. The CARE Group successfully used quality improvement methods and collaboration to delineate principles and practices of multidisciplinary teamwork.