bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothermal equation of state of crystalline and glassy materials from optical measurements in diamond anvil cells
Authors: Fedotenko T. , Souza D. S. , Khandarkhaeva S. , Dubrovinsky L. , Dubrovinskaia N. 
Published: June 2021

Here, we present a method to study the equation of state of opaque amorphous and crystalline materials in diamond anvil cells. The approach is based on measurements of sample dimensions using high-resolution optical microscopy. Data on the volumetric strain as a function of pressure allow deriving the isothermal equation of state of the studied material. The analysis of optical images is fully automatized and allows measuring the sample dimensions with the precision of about 60 nm. The methodology was validated by studying isothermal compression of ω-Ti up to 30 GPa in a Ne pressure transmitting medium. Within the accuracy of the measurements, the bulk modulus of ω-Ti determined using optical microscopy was similar to that obtained from x-ray diffraction. For glassy carbon compressed to ∼30 GPa, the previously unknown bulk modulus was found to be equal to K0 = 28 (2) GPa [K′ = 5.5(5)].
Combined experimental and theoretical study on photoionization cross sections of benzonitrile and o/m/p-cyanotoluene
Authors: Huang Jiabin , Huang Can , Wu Xiaoqing , Hou Qifeng , Tian Guangjun , Yang Jiuzhong , Zhang Feng 
Published: June 2021

Photoionization cross sections (PICSs) for the products of the reaction from CN with toluene, including benzonitrile and o/m/p-cyanotoluene, were obtained at photon energies ranging from ionization thresholds to 14 eV by tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS). Theoretical calculations based on the frozen-core Hartree–Fock approximation and Franck–Condon simulations were carried out to cross-verify the measured PICS. The results show that the photoionization cross sections of benzonitrile and cyanotoluene isomers are similar. The generalized charge decomposition analysis was used to investigate the components of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and HOMO-1. It was found that the HOMO and HOMO-1 of benzonitrile and cyanotoluene isomers are dominated by the features of the benzene ring, indicating that the substitution of CN and methyl has a minor influence on the PICS of the studied molecules. The reported PICS on benzonitrile and cyanotoluene isomers in the present work could contribute to the near-threshold PIMS experiments and determine the ionization and dissociation rates in interstellar space for these crucial species. The theoretical analysis on characteristics of molecular orbitals provides clues to estimating the PICS of similar substituted aromatic compounds.
A deep learning framework with multi-perspective fusion for interictal epileptiform discharges detection in scalp electroencephalogram
Authors: Wei Boxuan , Zhao Xiaohui , Shi Lijuan , Xu Lu , Liu Tao , Zhang Jicong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are an important and widely accepted biomarker used in the diagnosis of epilepsy based on scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Because the visual detection of IEDs has various limitations, including high time consumption and high subjectivity, a faster, more robust, and automated IED detector is strongly in demand. Approach. Based on deep learning, we proposed an end-to-end framework with multi-scale morphologic features in the time domain and correlation in sensor space to recognize IEDs from raw scalp EEG. Main Results. Based on a balanced dataset of 30 patients with epilepsy, the results of the five-fold (leave-6-patients-out) cross-validation shows that our model achieved state-of-the-art detection performance (accuracy: 0.951, precision: 0.973, sensitivity: 0.938, specificity: 0.968, F1 score: 0.954, AUC: 0.973). Furthermore, our model maintained excellent IED detection rates in an independent test on three datasets. Significance. The proposed model could be used to assist neurologists in clinical EEG interpretation of patients with epilepsy. Additionally, this approach combines multi-level output and correlation among EEG sensors and provides new ideas for epileptic biomarker detection in scalp EEG.
An exploration of the key factors affecting consumer buying behaviour of instant food products: A case study of Kota Bharu
Authors: Liew J Y , Mat Zain N S , Hashim D S , Abu Bakar T H S T , Mahshar M , Rosli F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With modernization and lifestyle changes, instant food emerges as a fast-growing food product in the food industry worldwide, and Malaysia makes no exception. Most people like to eat food that can be prepared quickly, thereby saving time and energy. Instant food satisfies the convenience seekers’ demand since it is a convenient food that requires minimal preparation before consumption. To dominate the competitive handicap in the marketplace, marketers must have a good grasp on consumer behaviour and preferences that prevail buying decisions. However, information on what constitutes buying behaviour of consumers from Kota Bharu, Kelantan towards instant food products is relatively limited. In this context, a survey study is presented to explore the key factors affecting consumer buying behaviour of instant food products in Kota Bharu. The questionnaire, validated by the Cronbach’s Alpha test had been distributed to 384 Kota Bharu respondents who were sampled by convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics of respondents are summarized by the descriptive analysis. Exploratory factor analysis unveiled eight underlying factors prompting consumers to buy instant food products. These eight factors accounted for around three-fifths of the total variance explained. It was found that the factor “marketing and branding attributes” had the most decisive influence on consumers.
Modelling Grass Land Carrying Capacity from Satellite Remote Sensing
Authors: Zumo Isa Muhammad , Hashim Mazlan , Hassan Noor Dyana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Developments in Remote Sensing (RS) satellite technology have made it possible to apply RS products for agricultural purposes, including modelling grassland carrying capacity (CC) of grazing land. However, determining the grazing land CC using pixel based approach is relatively new. This study modelled CC using pixel based approach and later compare it with the convetional method. Sentinel 2A MSI, in-situ Grass Above-ground Biomass (GAB) of 30 sample points and livestock data were used for the modelling CC of Daware grazing land northeast Nigeria. The result indicate that the available grass in the grazing land can only support 2,377,419 goats/sheep for 6 months or 4909 cattle for 1 month. This indicates that the grazing land was over grazed. The result of this study shows areas of grass available for rotational grazing throughout the season, thereby contributing to accurate modelling of grazing lands in Savannah and similar eco system.
Computer Aided Modeling Design of External Gear Pump
Authors: Guo Fengquan , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problems in the structural design of the gear pump in use, three dimensional modeling software is used to complete the parts modeling of gear pump one by one, it is assembled as a gear pump, and the structure of gear pump is optimized by auxiliary design, further improve the performance of gear pump, Computer aided modeling design can effectively improve the design efficiency, Optimize the structure performance, reduce the design cost and improve the economic benefit.
Research and Analysis of Power Supply Load Forecasting and Self-Healing Control in Urban Rail Transit System
Authors: Yu Jiangchun , Wang Junyi , Tong Fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the continuous expansion of urban scale and the continuous increase of population, the pressure of urban traffic is increasing, so it is necessary to improve urban rail transit and better promote urban development and construction. At this stage, urban rail transit as an important tool of urban public transport, with fast, energy-saving and other advantages, so it has become an important part of urban infrastructure. Stable power system is the basis to ensure the stable operation of urban rail transit. However, traction power supply and electric power technology are needed to provide technical support in the operation of urban rail transit. This paper analyzes the content of this aspect and has a certain understanding of the relevant technology through the analysis of the article. Urge the relevant staff to conduct in-depth research, in order to obtain more advanced technology. With the gradual improvement of the reliability and advanced nature of the power grid, the self-healing ability has become the core function of the advanced power grid system in the future. This paper analyzes and compares the research status and technical characteristics of self-healing technology of distribution network system and rail transit power supply system, and points out the deficiency of self-healing of rail transit power supply system at present; by combing the fault scenarios and self-healing requirements of rail transit power supply system, this paper preliminarily analyzes the realization method of self-healing system, and puts forward an overall architecture of self-healing system. This paper first explains the causes of urban rail transit power system faults, then explains the fault types of urban rail transit power system, and finally explains the ways to deal with the faults of urban rail transit power system. With the continuous acceleration of urban modernization in China, urban rail transit has become the main force of urban transportation, providing people with more convenient travel, but also has a very high travel efficiency. It is precisely because of the characteristics of urban rail transit itself that it has become the darling of urban development, and many cities have plans to build rail transit.
Assessment and Forecast of Operating Efficiency of Power Generation Industry in the Context of Electricity Marketization
Authors: Han Wei , Gong Ruixin , Yang Xi , Guan Shaojie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current research on the impact of electricity market reform on the power generation industry lacks comparative studies and targeted measures under the expected scenario. To fill this gap, this paper presents a micro-level analysis of 62 power generators from both static and dynamic perspectives based on the DEA-BCC model and the Malmquist index. In addition, on the basis of China’s macro energy data collected, the TIMES model was used for scenario prediction, and a comparative analysis was made with the benchmark reference scenario, thus exploring the main factors affecting total factor productivity and making reasonable predictions on the energy structure and industry development prospects under the two scenarios. It can be seen from the results that carrying out the electricity marketization reform will effectively reduce the average electricity cost and share of coal power generation. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the results, policy recommendations and development strategies have been proposed in a targeted manner.
Evaluation and Optimization of Financing Efficiency for New Energy Vehicle Enterprises
Authors: Gong Ruixin , Jin Qinqin , Yang Xi , Guan Shaojie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the financing efficiency of new energy vehicle enterprises, taking Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises as the research object through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The main research conclusions are as follows: on the one hand, the overall financial support efficiency of listed new energy vehicle enterprises shows a time trend of “rising first and then falling”, and the trend of debt financing efficiency is more stable than that of equity financing efficiency; on the other hand, explanatory variable coefficients are significantly negative and the marginal coefficient of equity financing is smaller than that of debt financing. Finally, combined with the research conclusions, specific suggestions for optimizing the financing structure for new energy vehicle companies and BYD. are given.
Research of Turbine Oil Varnish in Generator Unit
Authors: Haoya’nan  , Qiang Li , Naihai Yu , Guodong Qi , Qiubo Qi , Panfeng Shang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, due to the fact that thermal power generating units have been deeply involved in the peak shaving work of the power grid, the frequent start and stop operations of the units and rapid load-carrying operations have made the operating conditions of the units very bad. In large-scale thermal power generation units, shutdown accidents caused by varnish failures are becoming more common. Take the serious varnish failure of Unit 3 in a domestic power plant as a case for analysis. The steam turbine oil after the varnish is formed is fully analyzed and tested and the metal ion content test is carried out. The changes in the physical indicators of the steam turbine oil during the formation of the varnish are studied to determine the influence of the steam turbine oil on the physical indicators of the steam turbine oil during the formation of the steam turbine oil. The operation and maintenance personnel can detect the varnish in advance through the daily sampling and analysis of the steam turbine oil, and timely take treatment measures to remove the varnish components in the oil to ensure the safe and stable operation of the unit. This article summarizes the reason for the formation of varnish and the detection method of varnish. It is of great significance to effectively discover and control the production of varnish during the operation of the generator set, to study the formation mechanism of varnish and to find an effective method to remove varnish. This article also introduces the commonly used paint film treatment methods for the convenience of electric power technicians.
Analysis of Vertical Integration Motivation in Coal-Electric Energy Supply Chain Using ISM-MICMAC
Authors: Qiang Wang , Haiying Liu , Ping Wu , Haiwen Gao , Jiaxin Wang , Jiaoyu He , Xin Liu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vertical integration is one of the important means to achieve coal-electricity joint ventures. According to the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign literature, based on the field survey, nine key drivers of vertical integration of coal-electric energy supply chain are proposed. This basis, using interpretative structural modelling (ISM), a five-level hierarchical structure model of the vertical integration motivation of the coal-electric energy supply chain is constructed, which clearly characterization of the hierarchical relationship between the various drivers. Using MICMAC, find the independent and dependent factors. Furthermore, it reveals the most direct motivation and the most fundamental motivation for driving the vertical integration of coal-electric energy supply chain. At the same time, it can clearly show the role of each driver in the vertical integration of coal-fired energy supply chain.
An Assessment of Determinant Factors for a Sustainable Green Economy in Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna Alfred, John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Green Economy (GE) is a low-carbon, resource-efficient, socially inclusive economy that is fair, efficient, and embraced by all the stakeholders from the leadership, people, and industry, especially those in the techno-economic sectors, to enable synergy of the GE framework whose purpose is to tackle the environmental challenges and deterioration of the ecosystems. The GE concept, its applications, rate of success/failure differs across various countries. Developing countries like Nigeria are striving to transform the economy to a GE that will enhance Sustainable development. However, some factors either hindering and or promote the GE developments. Thus, this research aims to identify and assess the determinant factors (DF) for sustaining a GE in Nigeria to categorize the factors as hindrances/barriers and promoters/drivers of GE. Mono Quantitative method was adopted to collect and analyze the data obtained from a questionnaire survey. The quantitative data was based on the eleven determinant factors for a GE identified in the literature. Quantitative analytical tools like Cronbach Alpha for consistency, Mean Item Score (MIS), Relative Importance Index (RII), and T-test statistics were used to analyze GE factors in Nigeria. The result indicated that six DF promotes and drives GE in Nigeria while five DF hinder the GE development in Nigeria.
Analyzing Variation of Soil Salinity Content in the Agricultural Areas: A Factorial Analysis Based Random Forest Estimation Method
Authors: Wang H , Li Y P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, to identify the complex relationship between soil salinity content (SSC) and factors, and efficiently quantify the individual effects of factors on SSC, a random-forest-based factorial analysis (RF-FA) method by incorporating random forest (RF) and factorial analysis (FA) is developed. The RF-FA is applied in a case study. Results reveal that: (i) Compared with Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), RF is a more robust model for SSC simulation; (ii) The contributions of factors to the variation of SSC follow the order: Elevation (14.68%) > LST (11.69%) > Albedo_N (11.41%) > SI_2 (10.71%) >SAVI (10.21%), indicating topography and temperature are the macro factors controlling SSC; hence, providing sufficient irrigation water is necessary to mitigate soil salinization. The findings can help make effective strategies to relieve the soil salinization of the farmland and support the sustainable development of agriculture.
Effect of prior annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanically treated TRIP steel
Authors: Kucerova L , Burdova K , Stehlik A , Ticha I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Low-carbon low-alloyed high strength steel 0.2C-1.5Al-0.5Si-2Mn-0.06Nb (in weight %) was forged into bars and annealed at 1050 °C with either 2-hour hold and furnace cooling to room temperature or with 20-min hold and controlled cooling by 1 °C/s. These various holds and coolings created two different initial microstructures, banded ferritic-pearlitic one for the long hold and bainitic-ferritic for the shorter hold and quicker cooling. Samples with those microstructures then underwent the same thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) typical for TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steels. Very different microstructures and mechanical properties were obtained for both initial states even after the application of the same TMT schedules. Light and scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize obtained microstructures and tensile tests were applied for the determination of mechanical properties.
Design of thermomechanical treatment of high strength steels
Authors: Vrtáček J , Peković M , Jirková H , Bublíková D , Kučerová L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reducing the level of COx and NOx emissions from combustion engines is an important goal in the automotive industry. One way to reduce the emissions is to use lightweight parts in the car construction. High-strength steels are one of the successful choices for body parts. Their strengthening mechanisms provide them with better mechanical properties, which translates into thinner sheet metal blanks and ultimately reduced weight of parts. The main strengthening mechanisms include TRIP (TRansformed Induced Plasticity) and TWIP (TWinning induced plasticity). This paper outlines processing of high-strength steels, from forging to round bars and heat treatment to determination of phase transformations and temperature profiles for thermomechanical processing in an innovative tool. The experimental materials contained manganese, silicon and different aluminium levels. Their compositions were selected with a goal to observe the properties of advanced multiphase high strength steels during processing.
Enhanced vascularization and de novo tissue formation in hydrogels made of engineered RGD-tagged spider silk proteins in the arteriovenous loop model
Authors: Steiner Dominik , Winkler Sophie , Heltmann-Meyer Stefanie , Trossmann Vanessa T , Fey Tobias , Scheibel Thomas , Horch Raymund E , Arkudas Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to its low immunogenic potential and the possibility to fine-tune their properties, materials made of recombinant engineered spider silks are promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. However, vascularization of silk-based scaffolds is one critical step for the generation of bioartificial tissues and consequently for clinical application. To circumvent insufficient vascularization, the surgically induced angiogenesis by means of arteriovenous loops (AVL) represents a highly effective methodology. Here, previously established hydrogels consisting of nano-fibrillary recombinant eADF4(C16) were transferred into Teflon isolation chambers and vascularized in the rat AVL model over 4 weeks. To improve vascularization, also RGD-tagged eADF4(C16) hydrogels were implanted in the AVL model over 2 and 4 weeks. Thereafter, the specimen were explanted and analyzed using histology and microcomputed tomography. We were able to confirm biocompatibility and tissue formation over time. Functionalizing eADF4(C16) with RGD-motifs improved hydrogel stability and enhanced vascularization even outperforming other hydrogels, such as fibrin. This study demonstrates that the scaffold ultrastructure as well as biofunctionalization with RGD-motifs are powerful tools to optimize silk-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.
A superfluid He4 version of a test on QG versus CG: feasibility with demonstrated methods
Authors: Cerdonio Massimo , Carugno Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A field, which mediates entanglement between two quantum systems, must be of quantum nature. Attempts to witness this way quantumlike features of the gravitational field with tabletop experiments are actively studied recently, in particular by considering to look at two masses in a superposition in two locations, each in one interferometer. Entanglement intervention is probed when the interferometers are put side by side. If the masses interact only via Newtonian attraction, and still some degree of entanglement is found, than the gravitational field must be quantum like, or at least non-classical. The masses considered are mesoscopic, 10–14 Kg to 10–12 Kg, and in one proposal Mach–Zehnder interferometry is considered. Liquid He4 is superfluid below 2.17 K, and shows macroscopic quantum behaviour, in particular matter interferometry, as in the Superfluid He Quantum Inteference Device—SHeQUID. With its Josephson junctions as slits, the SHeQUID parallels a Mach–Zehnder. In this case the matter quantities involved are macroscopic, 10–8 Kg. We propose and analize the feasibility of a scheme on the lines of the above, where the matter field is given by superfluid He4, and the Mach–Zehnder’s are two SHeQUID, put side by side. We find that the proposed experiment is feasible, using only well demonstrated methods and technologies, with no need to extensions beyond the current frontiers.