bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospray Mediated Localized and Targeted Chemotherapy in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer
Authors: Ruzgys Paulius , Böhringer Stephan , Dokumaci Ayse Sila , Hari Yvonne , Schürch Christian M. , Brühl Frido , Schürch Stefan , Szidat Sönke , Riether Carsten , Šatkauskas Saulius , Geiser Thomas , Hradetzky David , Gazdhar Amiq 
Published: April 2021

Background: An advanced stage, centrally localized invasive tumor is a major cause of sudden death in lung cancer patients. Currently, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, laser ablation, or surgical resection if possible are the available state-of-the-art treatments but none of these guarantee remedy or long-term relief and are often associated with fatal complications. Allowing localized chemotherapy, by direct and confined drug delivery only at the tumor site, could be a promising option for preoperative down staging or palliative therapy. Here we report the localized and targeted application of intra tumor delivery of chemotherapeutics using a novel device based on the principle of electrospray.Methods: C57BL/6J mice were injected with Lewis lung carcinoma cells subcutaneously. After 15 days, the animals were anesthetized and the tumors were exposed by skin incision. Tumors were electrosprayed with 100 µg cisplatin on days 0 and 2, and tumor volumes were measured daily. Animals were sacrificed on day 7 after the first electrospray and tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results: In this proof-of-concept study, we report that the tumor volume was reduced by 81.2% (22.46 ± 12.14 mm3) after two electrospray mediated Cisplatin deliveries, while the control tumor growth, at the same time point, increased by 200% (514.30 ± 104.50 mm3). Moreover, tunnel and Caspase-3 positive cells were increased after Cisplatin electrospray compared to other experimental groups of animals.Conclusion: Targeted drug delivery by electrospray is efficient in the subcutaneous mouse model of lung cancer and offers a promising opportunity for further development toward its clinical application.
Identifying the Links Between Trauma and Social Adjustment: Implications for More Effective Psychotherapy With Traumatized Youth
Authors: Ahmadi Forooshani Sayedhabibollah , Murray Kate , Khawaja Nigar , Izadikhah Zahra 
Published: April 2021

Background: Past research has highlighted the role of trauma in social adjustment problems, but little is known about the underlying process. This is a barrier to developing effective interventions for social adjustment of traumatized individuals. The present study addressed this research gap through a cognitive model.Methods: A total of 604 young adults (aged 18–24; living in Australia) from different backgrounds (refugee, non-refugee immigrant, and Australian) were assessed through self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed through path analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Two path analyses were conducted separately for migrant (including non-refugee and refugee immigrants) and Australian groups.Results: Analyses indicated that cognitive avoidance and social problem solving can significantly mediate the relation between trauma and social adjustment (p &lt; 0.05). The model explaining this process statistically fit the data (e.g., NFI, TLI, CFI &gt; 0.95). According to the model, reacting to trauma by cognitive avoidance (i.e., chronic thought suppression and over-general autobiographical memory) can disturb the cognitive capacities that are required for social problem solving. Consequently, a lack of effective social problem solving significantly hinders social adjustment. There were no significant differences among the Australian, non-refugee immigrant and refugee participants on the dependent variables. Moreover, the hypothesized links between the variables was confirmed similarly for both migrant (including refugee and non-refugee immigrants) and Australian groups.Conclusion: The findings have important implications for interventions targeting the social adjustment of young individuals. We assert that overlooking the processes identified in this study, can hinder the improvement of social adjustment in young adults with a history of trauma. Recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.
Donor Commitments and Disbursements for Sexual and Reproductive Health Aid in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia
Authors: Kibira Denis , Asiimwe Cornelia , Muwonge Moses , van den Ham Hendrika A. , Reed Tim , Leufkens Hubert G. , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) investments are critical to people's well-being. However, despite the demonstrated returns on investments, underfunding of SRHR still persists. The objective of this study was to characterize donor commitments and disbursements to SRH aid in four sub-Saharan countries of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia and to compare trends in donor aids with SRH outcome and impact indicators for each of these countries.Methods: The study is a secondary analysis of data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Assistance creditor reporting system and SRH indicator data from the Global Health Observatory and country demographic health surveys for a 16-year period (2002–2017). We downloaded and compared commitments to disbursements of all donors for population policies, programs and reproductive health for the four African countries. SRH indicators were stratified into health facility level process/outcome indicators (modern contraceptive prevalence rate, unmet need for family planning, antenatal care coverage and skilled birth attendance) and health impact level indicators (maternal mortality ratio, newborn mortality rate, infant mortality rate and under five mortality rate).Results: Donor commitments for SRH aid grew on average by 20% while disbursements grew by 21% annually between 2002 and 2017. The overall disbursement rate was 93%. Development Assistance Cooperation (DAC) countries donated the largest proportion (79%) of aid. Kenya took 33% of total aid, followed by Tanzania 26%, Uganda 23% and then Zambia (18%). There was improvement in all SRH outcome and impact indicators, but not enough to meet targets.Conclusion: Donor aid to SRH grew over time and in the same period indicators improved, but improvement remained slow. Unpredictability and insufficiency of aid may be disruptive to recipient country planning. Donors and low- and middle-income countries should increase funding in order to meet global SRHR targets.
REASONS RELATED TO THE DETERIORATION OF POULTRY INDUSTRY FOR BROIERS IN THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: AL- Ani G. A.A. , AL- Badri A. A.N. 
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research is to identify the reasons related to deterioration of the poultry industry for broilers in the middle and southern regions of Iraq. In order to achieve the research goals a questionnaire form consists of two parts was designed, the first part included a quadrilateral scale of (54) items distributed in to eight base fields. The second part included a five scales with (20) items. The results showed that, the imported product field achieved the first position among the reasons that related to the deterioration of poultry industry for broilers, which achieved the highest weighted average by 2.8 degree and a weight percentage of 93.3%. While the direction field of the broilers breeders was ranked the last position among the reasons that related to deterioration in poultry industry for broilers, which achieved the lowest weighted average which is 2.6 degree with weight of 86.6%. The results also, showed that the item start working with the integrated production companies in the poultry industry to produce poultry meat was ranked in the first position among the proposed solutions from the broilers breeders' points of view to face the deterioration of the poultry industry for broilers, which ranked the highest weighted average of 4.9 degrees and a percentage weight of 98%. Finally, the item Control the importer's hatching eggs was ranked the last position among the proposed solutions from the broilers breeders' points of view to face the deterioration in the poultry industry for broilers, which achieved the lowest weighted average by (4.5) degrees and a percentage weight of 90%.
THE POTENTIAL USE OF Ca(NO3)2 TO IMPROVE SALINITY TOLERANCE IN DATE PALM (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Alturki Saleh M. 
Published: April 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the impact of Ca(NO3)2 on different levels of salt-stress in date palm. Three-years-old date palm plants were subjected to four NaCl levels: 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM. The saline solutions were supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM Ca(NO3)2. The combined NaCl/Ca(NO3)2 treatments were conducted over a period of 10 weeks. Control plants were only subjected to the four salinity levels with no Ca (NO3)2 addition. Results showed an inhibitory effect of salinity on almost all plants' parameters under investigation, mainly the accumulation of ions such as N, K, Ca, plant dry weight, chlorophyll and net photosynthesis rate. Addition of Ca (NO3)2 in the solution was more beneficial when added in a moderate concentration (10 mM) compared to lower (5 mM) and higher (20 mM) under all salinity levels. The addition of 10 mM Ca (NO3)2 noticeably enhanced chlorophyll content under 50 mM Na Cl (2.5 mg/100 cm2) and 150 mM NaCl (2 mg/100 cm2). In addition, 10 mM Ca (NO3)2 reduced the accumulation of Na and Cl in plant parts. For instance, in trees subjected to 10 mM Ca (NO3)2, Cl content in leaves and stems under 50 mM Na Cl were 0.23% and 0.65%, respectively. On the other hand, Cl content under 100 mM Na Cl and 200 mM Na Cl were lower compared to their corresponding control treatments. It seems that the use of Ca (NO3)2 had ameliorative effects on salt-stressed date palm plants when used with moderate concentrations.
Glukosa Darah dan Recovery Tubuh Ternak Kambing Perah yang Disuplementasi Mineral Organik dan Tepung Kulit Bawang Putih Pada Pakannya
Authors: Rayhan Muhammad , Prayitno Caribu Hadi , Subagyo Yusuf 
Published: April 2021

Pengaruh pemberian mineral organik dan tepung kulit bawang putih yang mengandung polifenol salah satunya adalah allisin dapat menghambat kerja enzim HMG-CoA pada bakteri Archea rumen, sehingga terjadi H2 untuk pembentukan gas methan dialihkan kearah pembentukan propionat. Propionat sebagai prekusor pembentuk glukosa darah. Peningkatan propionat memberikan efek pada penurunan asetat. Asetat merupakan prekusor pembentuk kolesterol darah. Allisin juga dapat menghambat superoksidasi, sehingga tidak terjadi kerusakan membran sel dan dapat mempertahankan hemoglobin dalam darah. Keseimbangan terjadi terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan recovery tubuh ternak akan membaik. Pada ternak yang sedang bunting sering terjadi negative energy balance. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian mineral organik dan tepung kulit bawang putih pada pakan kambing perah terhadap glukosa darah dan recovery tubuh. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kambing Jawa Randu induk bunting laktasi kedua sebanyak 15 ekor. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu penambahan tepung kulit bawang putih 30 ppm; Cr organik 1,5 ppm; Se organik 0,3 ppm dan Zn lisinat 40 ppm. Perlakuan yang diujicobakan yaitu R0 terdiri atas Pakan kontrol (Hijauan dan Konsentrat perbandingan 70:30). R1 terdiri ataspakan R0 + Tepung kulit bawang putih (Allium sativum) 30 ppm. R2 terdiri atas pakan R1 + Mineral Organik ( Se 0,3 ppm, Cr 1,5 ppm, Zn 40 ppm). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi dan dilanjutkan uji LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi tepung kulit bawang putih dan mineral organik pada pakan kambing perah tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan recovery tubuh.
Éducation inclusif et Mal être dans l'éducation
Authors: Plaisance Eric 
Published: April 2021

L’article présente une contribution à la discussion des thèmes de l’inclusion, de la diversité et des inégalités dans les perspectives de recherche et d’intervention dans le cadre scolaire. Il prend l’exemple des défis de l’éducation inclusive. La ligne directrice adoptée est le poids des incertitudes et des risques dans le monde contemporain soumis aux logiques néolibérales, ce qui peut permettre de mieux comprendre et analyser les phénomènes de « malaise » dans l’éducation, la place occupée par le professeur et les nouvelles orientations de l’éducation inclusive qui s’opposent aux phases anciennes de l’éducation spéciale et de l’intégration scolaire. Les considérations finales abordent les paradoxes de la notion d’inclusion et les risques d’exclusion à l’intérieur même de l’école. L’éducation inclusive représente un nouveau défi pour le professeur et nous oriente vers la question de l’éthique comme visée des valeurs humaines fondamentales.
Analysis of the Effect of Financial Ratios on ROA (Return on Asset) at National Private Commercial Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Windri Yenni Permata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract Banks are business entities that collect funds from the public in the form of deposits and redistribute them in the form of loans and / or other forms in order to improve the standard of living of many people. Performance is an illustration of the condition of a bank, regarding the good and bad condition of a bank that reflects work performance in a certain period. Financial ratios can help business people, government parties and other users of financial statements in assessing the financial condition and performance of the bank. This study aims to see the effect of financial ratios, namely Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non Performing Loans (NPL) and BOPO to the performance of National Private Commercial Banks, namely Return on Assets (ROA). The sampling method uses purposive sampling, which uses samples with certain criteria, the samples used in this study are three national private commercial banks namely Bukopin Bank, Mega Bank and OCBC NISP Bank. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Partial test results show that the LDR partially has a non-significant positive effect on ROA in National Private Commercial Banks for the period 2010 to 2013. NPLs partially have a non-significant negative effect on ROA at National Private Commercial Banks for the period from 2010 to 2013 and BOPO partially had a significant negative effect on ROA in National Private Commercial Banks for the period 2010 to 2013.

Keywords: Loan to Deposit Ratio, Non Performing Loan, Operational Costs to Operating Income
Psychological Profile of Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Satar Abdul , Ali Shaista , Anjum Zahin , Kabir Samir Khan , Waqar Muhammad , Arif Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42).
METHODOLOGY:
This descriptive study was performed from January 2019 to June 2019. All those patients with chronic low back pain with duration of more than 6 months were included. Patients below 20 and above 60 years were excluded to eliminate the effect of extreme ages. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) was used in this study.
RESULTS:
In this study, a total of 127 patients were successfully interviewed. The mean age of the sample was 36.46 (SD±7.38) with a minimum age of 22 years and maximum of 59 years. Out of these 127 patients, 83 (65.4%) were female while 44 (34.6%) were male patients. The minimum duration of chronic low back pain in our patients was 8 months while the maximum was 55 months with a mean of 28 months (SD 9.9). The mean DASS score for depression was 11.8 (SD±4.23), anxiety was 7.5 (SD±2.9), stress was 12.1 (SD±4.0). Similarly, both genders had equal level of depression and anxiety but females were more experiencing the stress.
CONCLUSION:
Abnormal levels of stress anxiety and depression are a common finding in our population with CLBP
KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Riyanda Elsera  
Published: April 2021

Tindak pidana pencucian uang disebut sebagai kejahatan yang bersifat ganda dan lanjutan (Follow Up Crime), karena tindak pidana pencucian uang merupakan suatu perbuatan yang diteruskan atau lanjutan dari tindak pidana asal (predicate crime) dimana si pelaku memproses sejumlah besar uang ilegal hasil tindak pidana menjadi dana yang kelihatannya bersih atau sah menurut hukum, dengan menggunakan metode yang canggih, kreatif dan kompleks. Tujuan penulisan Tesisi ini, yakni; Pertama, Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Yang Ada Sekarang Ini dapat Menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di Indonesia , Kedua, Kendala yang dihadapi dalam Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini dapat digolongkan dalam jenis penelitian Hukum Normatif, Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian kepustakaan (library research) atau studi dokumenter yaitu dengan menggunakan studi dokumenter atau bahan-bahan pustaka baik dari media cetak, elektronik serta buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan penelitian hukum ini, sumber data yang digunakan, data primer, data sekunder dan data tertier, teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan studi kepustakaan.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KOPI LIBERIKA RANGSANG MERANTI SEBAGAI INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MERANTI
Authors: Ibnu Rizal  
Published: April 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum pada saat ini terhadap tanaman kopi liberika rangsang yang dihasilkan oleh Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti Riau dan mengetahui bentuk gagasan atau konsep ideal yang dicita-citakan bagi perlindungan Indikasi geografis kopi liberika rangsang Meranti. Penelitian karya tulis ini merupakan penelitian normatif empiris yang dalam penelitiannya mengkaji dari implementasi peraturan yang ada terhadap ketentuan hukum serta melihat secara faktual terhadap fakta yang terjadi dalam masyarakat dalam rangka mencapai tujuan yang dimaksud, penerapan dari hasil penelitian ini menciptakan pemahaman pelaksanaan dari ketentuan apakah sudah berjalan secara patut atau tidak, sedangkan jika dilihat dari sifatnya penulisan penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis karena memberikan gambaran tentang keadaan yang terjadi secara lengkap dan jelas secara sistematis dan mengkajinya tentang perlindungan hukum terhadap kopi liberika rangsang meranti di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti Riau dengan lokasi penelitian dilakukan di ibukota dari Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti yakni di kota Selatpanjang, karena komunitas petani yang mengajukan Indikasi geografis berkedudukan di Kota Selatpanjang, dan juga karena kedudukan pemerintahan Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti berada di Kota Selatpanjang.
EKSISTENSI PLURALITAS DALAM PIAGAM MADINAH
Authors: Raihana  
Published: April 2021

Eksistensi pluralitas dalam Piagam Madinah menggambarkan kemajemukan kota Madinah, baik topografis maupun sosial, budaya, dan agama yang ditandai dengan adanya hubungan ummat Islam dan non Islam (Yahudi dan Musyrikin) melalui suatu perjanjian secara timbal balik terhadap pengakuan agama masing-masing. Hal ini menunjukkan sosok Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagai seorang siasiy (diplomat) besar, bijaksana dalam mendirikan perikatan umat (republik/ jumhuriyah) yang syarat dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Nilai-nilai Islam tersebut diberlakuannya secara inklusif, diantaranya yaitu ; nilai persamaan umat dan persatuan, kebebasan, toleransi agama, tolong, menolong, dan membela yang teraniaya, musyawarah, keadilan, persamaan hak dan kewajiban, hidup bertetangga, pertahanan dan perdamaian, amar makruf dan nahi munkar, ketakwaan, dan kepemimpinan.
Development of Palm Shell Base Activated Carbon for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emissions Absorption
Authors: Leman Abdul Mutalib bin , Muzarpar Muhammad Syafiq , Maghpor Mohd Norhafsam , Rahman Khairunnisa , Hassan Nik Normunira Mat , Misdan Nurasyikin , Zakaria Supaat 
Published: April 2021

High concentration of indoor air contaminant commonly released by human activities, furniture, building materials, carpets, cleaning product and paints. BTEX contains Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) is categorized into VOCs which are indicative of harmful chemicals especially for indoor air. Therefore, it needs the sampling media for absorption before it could be analyse in the specific laboratory. One of the challenging technology to absorb BTEX is by using Palm Shell Activated Carbon (PSAC). Malaysia has a second largest country that produce palm oil which led to abundant of palm shell as waste material. Activated carbon is created through the carbonization, crushing and activation process. Carbonization process is conducted in various holding time of 1, 2 and 3 hours which called by CT1. CT2 and CT3 hours, respectively. Activation process is conducted through physical activation at temperature of 900 0C for 1 hour, chemical activation is conducted by Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) with ratio of 1:1 (charcoal: chemical) and holding time for 12 hours. It heated by furnace at temperature of 850 0C for 1 hours in order to improve the porosity and larger surface area. The physical properties were conducted by ASTM 3713, 3714 and 3715 for moisture, as and volatile content measurement. Surface morphology and composition as well as porosity image is characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) machine. The result shows that the lowest ash, moisture and volatile content is shown by CT1 sample, but it has not completely carbonized as compared to CT2 and CT3. Moreover, CT3 has highest ash, moisture and volatile content but it has lowest fixed carbon as compared to CT1 and CT2. Therefore, CT2 hours is selected for further process. In microstructure analysis is observed that the PSACphysical+chemical has larger number of porosities with the diameter approximately of 50 to 150 µm, for PSACphysical approximately of 25 to 100 µm and PSACchemical of below than 50 µm. Composition analysis is observed that the sample is mainly consists of Carbon (C), Oxygen (O) and Potassium (K) content. Where larger porosity is in-line with the increment of K content which indicated in larger adsorption capacity. It can be summarized that palm shell with 2 hours carbonization time and it activated become PSACphysical+chemical has a high potential to larger adsorption capacity of indoor air contaminant adsorption. It is being further explore for sampling media of BTEX.
Assessment of Some Habits and Practices related to Complete Denture Wearing – A Survey of Subjects Reporting to Watim Dental Hospital
Authors: Daaniyal Sadia , Afreen Zarah , Afreen Ammarah , Shuja Eruj , Orakzai Gulmina Saeed , Khalil Aamna 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To assess some habits and practices related to denture wearing among subjects reporting to Watim Teaching Dental Hospital, Rawalpindi.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Watim Dental College, Rawalpindi, from December 2018 to August 2019. Using a pre-structured questionnaire, data were collected from 155 subjects having used complete dentures for a minimum of 6-months. The questionnaire consisted of information including the type of dentures, duration and frequency of denture wearing, and denture cleaning habits. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Out of 155 participants, 80 (51.6%) were male and 75 (48.4%) were females. 89 (57.4%) patients use toothbrushes and soap for denture cleaning. 139 (89.7%) participants didn’t wear dentures while sleeping and soaked them in water. 98 (63.2%) respondents were not using antiseptic oral rinse and were casual in mouth-cleaning.
Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that 65 (41.9%) subjects were cleaning their dentures once a day. The study also reveals that 65 (41.9%) edentulous participants were not able to clean their oral cavity. Dentists should emphasize the importance of recall visits to evaluate the status of denture hygiene along with mucosal surface examination. Patient motivation to follow hygiene instructions and informing them about the harmful effects of overnight wearing of dentures should be part of delivering the prostheses to them.