bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trend Analysis of Hepatitis B and C Among Patients Visiting Health Facility of Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2014-2019
Authors: Legese Haftom , Berhe Brhane , Adhanom Gebre , Kahsay Tsega , Gebrewahd Aderajew , Gebremariam Guesh , Mardu Fitsum , Tesfay Kebede , Gebremedhin Haftay , Negash Hadush 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B and C viruses are the major public health concerns of the globe. The two hepatotropic viruses share common modes of transmission and their co-infection is common. Despite the provision of an effective prevention mechanism, the infections caused by these viruses’ remains a significant problem worldwide, particularly among the developing countries like Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional based retrospective study design was conducted from January 2014 to December 2019 from documented serology laboratory logbooks and patient charts at the serology laboratory of Adigrat general hospital, Tigrai, Ethiopia. The collected data were checked for completeness on daily based, coded, entered and cleaned using Epinfo version 7.1 and exported and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test (X2) were used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. The corresponding variables with P-value (P <0.05) with a 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 20935 clinically suspected specimens tested for hepatitis B and C viruses with total completeness of 20622 were included in this study with a total completeness 98.5%. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus was found to be 3.57 % (689/19,273) and 2.13% (30/1,405) respectively. The positivity rate of hepatitis B virus was 8.0% (106/1317) and 3.24% (583/17,956) among males and females respectively. Additionally, 2.49 %( 12/481) of males and 1.94% (18/924) females were positive for hepatitis C virus infection. The overall prevalence of co-infection for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus was 7.4% (4/54). Sex and age were significantly associated with hepatitis B and C virus infection. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of hepatitis B and C is low intermediate according to the WHO criteria. Both hepatitis B and C share similar routes of transmission and affects all age and male sex. Therefore, awareness creation of the community about the methods of transmission, education about prevention, and control of hepatitis B and C virus infection, improving coverage of youth-friendly services in the health facilities should be strengthened.
Don't Let Ultraviolet Hurt Your Eyes During SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Zhong Liuxueying , Liu Rongjiao , Peng Jingyi , Shao Wanwen , Lin Xiaofeng , Lou Bingsheng , Zheng Yongxin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A retrospective observational study was carried on to investigate whether UV lamp will increase the risk of eye damage by comparing the exposure factors leading to ultraviolet keratitis (UVK) during the epidemic of COVID-19 and the control group in 2019.Methods: Data on UVK patients with clear exposure histories and typical symptoms were gathered. The date acquisition refers to the most crucial period in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic (24 January to 29 February in 2020, crucial period for short) in China, while the equivalent control 37- day period in 2019 refers to the period from 4 February to 12 March (control group for short). The detailed information of UVK cases were gathered through questionnaire survey, including injury photosources, ultraviolet applications, onset locations. Results: This retrospective observational study of 81 patients revealed that the number of UVK cases during crucial period 1 was threefold higher (n=61 patients) than control group (n=20 patients). All cases who recorded injury photosources were injury by UV lamps during crucial period, while by UV lamps (61.54%) or welding (38.46%) during control group. There were more than 70% of UVK cases injured at home by household UV lamps during crucial period, while were 15.38% during control group. They are significant differences in UVK photosource and exposure location between 2 groups (P<0.001).Conclusion: Household UV lamp users should be informed about possible UVK risk and of relevant preventive measures. Government and media should guide people use household disinfection items rationally and safely.
Nisin Probiotic Prevents Periodontal Disease and Inflammation while Promoting Periodontal Regeneration and a Shift Toward a Healthy Microbiome/Virome
Authors: Kapila Yvonne , Gao Li , Kuraji Ryutaro , Zhang Martin Jinye , Martinez April , Kamarajan Pachiyappan , Le Charles , Zhan Ling , Ye Changchang , Range Helene , Sailani M. Reza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDysbiosis of the oral microbiome mediates chronic periodontal disease, including its characteristic bone loss and host inflammatory response. Realignment of this microbial dysbiosis towards health may prevent disease. Treatment with antibiotics and probiotics can modulate the microbial, immunological, and clinical landscape of periodontal disease with some success. Antibacterial peptides or bacteriocins, such as nisin, and nisin-producing probiotics, Lactococcus lactis, have not been examined in this context, yet warrant further examination because of their biomedical benefits in eradicating biofilms and oral pathogenic bacteria, and modulation of immune mechanisms. The goal of this study was to examine the potential for nisin and a nisin-producing probiotic to abrogate periodontal bone loss and related inflammatory landscape while modulating the composition of the oral microbiome. ResultsA polymicrobial mouse model of periodontal disease was employed for this purpose. In a disease context, nisin and the nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis probiotic significantly decreased the levels of periodontal pathogens, alveolar bone loss, oral inflammatory host response, and host-antibody response to these pathogens. Surprisingly, nisin and/or the nisin-producing L. lactis probiotic also enhanced the number of gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament cells, and bone lining cells in response to the polymicrobial infection. Nisin and probiotic treatment significantly shifted the oral bacteriome and virome towards the healthy control state. This shift was characterized by a unique signature; health was associated with a Proteobacteria (Marinobacter sp. B9-2), whereas 3 retroviruses (Golden Hamster Intracisternal A-particle H18, Bat gammaretrovirus, and Porcine type C oncovirus) were associated with disease. Specific disease-associated microbial species were highly correlated with IL-6 levels. ConclusionsNisin’s ability to shift the oral microbiome towards health, mitigate oral disease and the host immune response, and promote a novel regenerative periodontal phenotype, addresses key aspects of the pathogenesis of the disease. These benefits may negate the systemic effects associated with periodontal disease and reveal a new biomedical application for nisin in regenerative medicine.
Bioactive Compounds from an Endophytic Fungi Nigrospora Aurantiaca
Authors: Safwan Safwan , Hsiao George , Lee Tzong-Huei , Lee Ching-Kuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Many groups of fungi live as an endophyte in plants . Endophytic fungi could produce the bioactive compounds which was new or know compounds. Various biological activities of bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi had been reported, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer. Chemical investigation and biological activities of bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi from Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. have not yet been reportedResults: One new compound, namely nigaurdiol (1), together with five known compounds, xyloketal K (2), bostrycin (3), deoxybostrycin (4), xylanthraquinone (5), and ergosterol (6), were isolated from the Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. associated fungal strain Nigrospora aurantiaca #TMU062. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data and compared with literatures. All isolated compounds were evaluated for NO production inhibitory activity in LPS-activated microglial BV-2 cells. Conclusions: Compound 6 exhibited markedly inhibitory activities on NO production with IC50 values of 7.2 ± 1.4 µM and the survival of the cells was 90.8 ± 6.7% at the concentration of 10 µM.
International Adoption of Children with Special Needs in Spain
Authors: Lobo Alicia Hernanz , Berzosa Arantxa , Escolano Lucía , Muñoz Sara Pérez , Gerig Nathalia , Sainz Talía , Peña María José Mellado , Hortelano Milagros García López 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
International adoption has declined in recent years, although international adoption of children with special needs arises. We aim to describe our experience in international adoption of children with special needs and to analyze the concordance between the pathologies included in pre-adoption reports and the diagnosis made upon arrival. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study including internationally adopted children with special needs evaluated at the reference unit of La Paz University Hospital (Madrid) between 2016-2019. Epidemiological and clinical variables were collected from medical records, and pre-adoption reports were compared to established diagnoses following their evaluation and complementary tests. Fifty-seven children were included: 36.8% females, median of age: 27 months [IQR: 17-39], mostly coming from China (63.2%) and Vietnam (31.6%). The main pathologies described in the pre-adoption reports were hematological (22.6%) and neurological (24.6%). The initial diagnosis that motivated the international adoption via special needs was confirmed in 79.0% of the children. After evaluation, 17.5% were diagnosed with weight and growth delay and 27.4% with microcephaly, not previously reported. Infectious diseases were also prevalent (29.8%). Only 7% provided a complete immunization schedule. Conclusion: According to this series, the pre-adoption reports appear accurate, with a very low rate of new diagnosis. Pre-existing conditions were confirmed in over 75% of cases. Complete evaluation upon arrival, including infectious diseases screening and close follow-up, ideally by experienced multidisciplinary teams in specialized units, is recommended to provide comprehensive care.
Effect of BMP- 2, -4, and -7 on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation in Cultured Human PDLSCs
Authors: Li Juedan , Wang Min , Cui Min , Chen Cheng , Cheng Zheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim To investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2, 4, and 7 on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Methods PDLSCs were isolated by an immunomagnetic method. Expression of cell surface antigens CD146, CD44, and CD34, and pluripotency (osteogenic and adipogenic) were measured. Cultured PDLSCs were treated, in dose- and time-dependent experiments, with single BMPs, with 1:1 combinations, and with a mix of all three BMPs (1:3 each). For dose-dependent experiments, PDLSCs were incubated for 12 d with media containing BMPs at 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ng/ml. For time-dependent experiments, PDLSCs were treated with media containing 50 ng/ml BMPs for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 d. Cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured by MTT and an enzyme kit. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect osteogenic differentiation-related proteins, i.e., osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, collagen type I, and collagen type III. Results PDLSCs displayed CD146 (93%) and CD44 (91.2%) positive expression; CD34 (1.8%) showed negative expression. All cells exhibited osteogenic and adipogenic potential. The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activities of PDLSCs treated with the aforesaid single and combined BMPs increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner; proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were greater with the BMP combinations. Compared with the control group, the levels of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins increased markedly in PDLSCs treated with 50 ng/ml BMPs for 12 d, whereas no significant differences were observed between the different BMP treatments. Conclusion BMP-2, -4, and -7, singly and in combination, promoted development and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and both cellular outcomes were more pronounced with BMP combinations.
Tidal Calibration of Multicomponent Borehole Strainmeters and Validation of the Method Using Surface Waves
Authors: Matsumoto Norio , Kamigaichi Osamu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We conducted in-situ calibration of fifteen multicomponent borehole strainmeters deployed in and around the expected focal zones of the Nankai megathrust earthquake. The in-situ calibration method compares tidal strain observed by the borehole strainmeters with predicted tidal strains from the solid Earth’s tide and oceanic tidal loading. Then we obtained a calibration matrix to transfer observed strain data to the regional strain field. We estimated the oceanic tidal loading accurately using a Green’s function, which takes the depth of deployment into consideration. We calculated four sets of calibration matrices using combinations of any three of a group of four gauges as well as a calibration matrix using all four gauges. The estimated calibration matrix was validated by comparing observed seismic strain waves after applying the calibration matrix with theoretical seismic strain waves excited by the 2010 Chile earthquake (Mw 8.8). The in-situ calibration was found to be appropriate for all eleven Ishii-type borehole strainmeters and for one of the four Gladwin Tensor Strainmeters (GTSMs). It was also effective with respect to two shear strains for two of the other three GTSMs.
Clinical, Financial and Social Impacts of COVID-19 and Their Associations with Mental Health for Mothers and Children Experiencing Adversity in Australia
Authors: Bryson Hannah , Mensah Fiona , Price Anna , Gold Lisa , Mudiyanselage Shalika Bohingamu , Kenny Bridget , Dakin Penelope , Bruce Tracey , Noble Kristy , Kemp Lynn , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Australia has maintained low rates of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) infection, due to geographic location and strict public health restrictions. However, the financial and social impacts of these restrictions can negatively affect parents’ and children’s mental health. Families who were already experiencing adversity before the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to be disproportionately affected. In an existing cohort of mothers recruited for their experience of adversity, this study examined: 1) families’ experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health restrictions in terms of clinical exposure, changes to financial circumstances, financial hardship, family stress, and family resilience (termed ‘COVID-19 impacts’); and 2) associations between these COVID-19 impacts and maternal and child mental health.
Methods

Participants were mothers recruited during pregnancy (2013-14) across two Australian states (Victoria and Tasmania) for the ‘right@home’ trial. A COVID-19 survey was opportunistically conducted from May-December 2020, when children were 5.9–7.2 years old. Mothers reported COVID-19 impacts (drawn from the Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (CRISIS), Australian Temperament Project, and Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey); their own mental health (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales short-form) and their child’s mental health (CRISIS subscale). Associations between COVID-19 impacts and mental health were examined using regression models controlling for pre-COVID-19 characteristics.
Results

319/406 (79%) mothers completed the COVID-19 survey. Only one reported having had COVID-19. In contrast, self-quarantine (20%), financial changes (job/income loss (27%)) and family stress (e.g., difficulty managing children’s at-home learning (40%)) were high. Many mothers also reported family resilience (e.g., family found good ways of coping (49%)). COVID-19 impacts associated with poorer mental health (all standardised coefficients) included self-quarantine (mother: β = 0.48, child: β = 0.47), financial hardship or change (mother: β = 0.27, child: β = 0.37) and family stress (mother: β = 0.49, child: β = 0.73). Family resilience was associated with better mental health (mother: β=-0.39, child: β=-0.47).
Conclusions

The financial and social impacts of Australia’s public health restrictions have substantially affected families experiencing adversity, and their mental health. Unless these impacts are addressed, the inequities arising from adversity are likely to be exacerbated. To recover from COVID-19, policy investment should include income support and universal access to family health services.
Intestinal Mucosal Characteristic Flora in Diarrhea with Intestinal Dampness-Heat Syndrome
Authors: Li Xiaoya , Long Chengxing , Tan Zhoujin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

With the change of lifestyle and diet structure in our daily life, diarrhea with intestinal dampness-heat syndrome (IDHS) has become a multiple disease. Emerging evidence indicates that intestinal flora contributes to the occurrence and development of diarrhea. However, little is known about the effects of the intestinal mucosal characteristic flora and specific mechanism on diarrhea with IDHS. To evaluate the characteristic biomarkers role of intestinal mucosal flora in diarrhea with IDHS.
Results

Our study manifested that diarrhea with IDHS had the modulated effect on the diversity of intestinal mucosal flora, presented by the increasing Chao 1 and Observed species indexes and decreasing Simpson and Shannon indexes in the model group. The apparent dispersion between the control and model group indicated that diarrhea with IDHS altered the overall structure of the intestinal mucosal flora. The composition of the dominant bacteria was basically similar both at the phylum level and genus level before and after modelling, while the modeling led to change in the relative abundance of dominant bacteria at the species level, specially reflected in a significant decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius in the model group.
Conclusions

To sum up, Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius could serve as potential biomarkers for diarrhea with IDHS of the intestinal mucosal flora in mice and the mechanism of diarrhea with IDHS might be attributed to the inhibition of the growth of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius.
Differentiating T1a-T1b from T2 in Gastric Cancer Lesions with Three Different Measurement Approaches Based on Contrast-enhanced T1W Imaging at 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Ren Shengnan , Wang Tiegong , Shen Fu , Hao Qiang , Lu Jianping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

To explore the diagnostic value of three different measurement approaches in differentiating T1a-T1b from T2 gastric cancer (GC) lesions.
Methods

A total of 95 consecutive patients who performed preoperative MRI with T1a-T2 stage were retrospectively enrolled between January 2017 and November 2020. The parameters MRI T stage (subjective evaluation), thickness, maximum area and volume of the lesions were evaluated by two radiologists. Specific indices including AUC, optimal cutoff (if required), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of MRI T stage, thickness, maximum area and volume for differentiating T1a-T1b from T2 staged lesions were calculated. The ROC curves were compared by the Delong test. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical benefit.
Results

The ROC curves for thickness (AUC = 0.926), maximum area (AUC = 0.902) and volume (AUC = 0.897) were all significantly better than those of the MRI T stage (AUC = 0.807) in differentiating T1a-T1b from T2 lesions, with p values of 0.004, 0.034 and 0.041, respectively. The values corresponding to the thickness (including AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, NPV, PLR and NLR) were all higher than those corresponding to the MRI T stage, maximum area and volume. The DCA curves indicated that the parameter thickness could provide the highest clinical benefit if the threshold probability was above 35%.
Conclusions

Thickness may provide an efficient approach to rapidly distinguish T1a-T1b from T2 staged GC lesions.
Reversal of Antidepressant-Like Effects and Cognitive Enhancement of Liuwei Dihuang Decotion by Antagonist of G protein-coupled receptor 30 via CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway in the Hippocampus
Authors: Xu Biyun , Xue Daiyu , Mai Runru , liang Hailong , Cai Qinghao , Huang Jiayu , Yang Zhimin , Cheng Xiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Memory impairment is an important factor affecting the prognosis of depression, with unclear mechanism and lack of effective drugs. Our previous study has showed that Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LW) could alleviates depression and memory through upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) - cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) - brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, further confirmation is needed. In this study, we investigate whether G15, a GPR30 specific antagonist could reverse the effects of LW on depressive mood and spatial memory. Methods: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model was used, divided into normal group, model group, LW(7.81 g/kg/d ) group, LW(7.81 g/kg) + 10ug/d G15 group and LW + 40ug/d G15 group. The open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used to measure depression in rats, and the morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the learning memory of rats. The serum estrogen level was analysed by Elisa method. The GPR30, CREB and BDNF level of hippocampus were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Results: LW (7.81 g/kg/d) remarkably increased the intake of sugar water, lengthen ed the total distance and rearing times of OFT, shortened mean latency and times crossing the platform and time-spending during the platform quadrant of MWM in CUMS rats. LW also significantly increased serum level of estrogen and upgregulated the mRNA and protein level of GPR30, BDNF and protein level of CREB, while G15 reversed protective effect of LW on all of them. Conclusion: LW (7.81 g/kg/d) ameliorates depressive behavior and memory deficits associated with CMS-induced in rats. The mechanism may be mediated by hippocampal GPR30 – CREB - BDNF signaling pathway.