bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-loop superstring five-point amplitudes. Part II. Low energy expansion and S-duality
Authors: D’Hoker Eric , Mafra Carlos R. , Pioline Boris , Schlotterer Oliver 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In an earlier paper, we constructed the genus-two amplitudes for five external massless states in Type II and Heterotic string theory, and showed that the α′ expansion of the Type II amplitude reproduces the corresponding supergravity amplitude to leading order. In this paper, we analyze the effective interactions induced by Type IIB superstrings beyond supergravity, both for U(1)R-preserving amplitudes such as for five gravitons, and for U(1)R-violating amplitudes such as for one dilaton and four gravitons. At each order in α′, the coefficients of the effective interactions are given by integrals over moduli space of genus-two modular graph functions, generalizing those already encountered for four external massless states. To leading and sub-leading orders, the coefficients of the effective interactions D2ℛ5 and D4ℛ5 are found to match those of D4ℛ4 and D6ℛ4, respectively, as required by non-linear supersymmetry. To the next order, a D6ℛ5 effective interaction arises, which is independent of the supersymmetric completion of D8ℛ4, and already arose at genus one. A novel identity on genus-two modular graph functions, which we prove, ensures that up to order D6ℛ5, the five-point amplitudes require only a single new modular graph function in addition to those needed for the four-point amplitude. We check that the supergravity limit of U(1)R-violating amplitudes is free of UV divergences to this order, consistently with the known structure of divergences in Type IIB supergravity. Our results give strong consistency tests on the full five-point amplitude, and pave the way for understanding S-duality beyond the BPS-protected sector.
Algebra of quantum $$ \mathcal{C} $$-polynomials
Authors: Mironov Andrei , Morozov Alexei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Knot polynomials colored with symmetric representations of SLq(N) satisfy difference equations as functions of representation parameter, which look like quantization of classical $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
-polynomials. However, they are quite difficult to derive and investigate. Much simpler should be the equations for coefficients of differential expansion nicknamed quantum $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
-polynomials. It turns out that, for each knot, one can actually derive two difference equations of a finite order for these coefficients, those with shifts in spin n of the representation and in A = qN. Thus, the $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
-polynomials are much richer and form an entire ring. We demonstrate this with the examples of various defect zero knots, mostly discussing the entire twist family.
A note on letters of Yangian invariants
Authors: He Song , Li Zhenjie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Motivated by reformulating Yangian invariants in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM directly as d log forms on momentum-twistor space, we propose a purely algebraic problem of determining the arguments of the d log’s, which we call “letters”, for any Yangian invariant. These are functions of momentum twistors Z ’s, given by the positive coordinates α’s of parametrizations of the matrix C(α), evaluated on the support of polynomial equations C(α) · Z = 0. We provide evidence that the letters of Yangian invariants are related to the cluster algebra of Grassmannian G(4, n), which is relevant for the symbol alphabet of n-point scattering amplitudes. For n = 6, 7, the collection of letters for all Yangian invariants contains the cluster $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
coordinates of G(4, n). We determine algebraic letters of Yangian invariant associated with any “four-mass” box, which for n = 8 reproduce the 18 multiplicative-independent, algebraic symbol letters discovered recently for two-loop amplitudes.
Baryonic Higgs and dark matter
Authors: Pérez Pavel Fileviez , Murgui Clara , Plascencia Alexis D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We discuss the correlation between dark matter and Higgs decays in gauge theories where the dark matter is predicted from anomaly cancellation. In these theories, the Higgs responsible for the breaking of the gauge symmetry generates the mass for the dark matter candidate. We investigate the Higgs decays in the minimal gauge theory for Baryon number. After imposing the dark matter density and direct detection constraints, we find that the new Higgs can have a large branching ratio into two photons or into dark matter. Furthermore, we discuss the production channels and the unique signatures at the Large Hadron Collider.
G. Czédli’s tolerance factor lattice construction and weak ordered relations
Authors: Radeleczki Sándor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractG. Czédli proved that the blocks of any compatible tolerance T of a lattice L can be ordered in such a way that they form a lattice L/T called the factor lattice of L modulo T. Here we show that the Dedekind–MacNeille completion of the lattice L/T is isomorphic to the concept lattice of the context (L, L, R), where R stands for the reflexive weak ordered relation $$ \mathord {\le } \circ T$$

≤
∘
T

. Weak ordered relations constitute the generalization of the ordered relations introduced by S. Valentini. Reflexive weak ordered relations can be characterized as compatible reflexive relations $$R\subseteq L^{2}$$

R
⊆

L
2

satisfying $$R=\ \mathord {\le } \circ R\circ \mathord {\le } $$

R
=

≤
∘
R
∘
≤

.
Changes in chemical cues of Melissococcus plutonius infected honey bee larvae
Authors: Kathe Elisa , Seidelmann Karsten , Lewkowski Oleg , Le Conte Yves , Erler Silvio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEuropean foulbrood (EFB), caused by Melissococcus plutonius, is a globally distributed bacterial brood disease affecting Apis mellifera larvae. There is some evidence, even if under debate, that spreading of the disease within the colony is prevented by worker bees performing hygienic behaviour, including detection and removal of infected larvae. Olfactory cues (brood pheromones, signature mixtures, diagnostic substances) emitted by infected individuals may play a central role for hygienic bees to initiate the disease-specific behaviour. However, the mechanisms of cue detection and brood removal, causing hygienic behaviour in EFB affected colonies, are poorly understood. Here, coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to detect disease-specific substances, changes in cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles, and brood ester pheromones (BEPs) of honey bee larvae artificially infected with M. plutonius. Although no diagnostic substances were found in significant quantities, discriminant analysis revealed specific differences in CHC and BEP profiles of infected and healthy larvae. β-Ocimene, a volatile brood pheromone related to starvation and hygienic behaviour, was present in all larvae with highest quantities in healthy young larvae; whereas oleic acid, a non-volatile necromone, was present only in old infected larvae. Furthermore, γ-octalactone (newly discovered in A. mellifera in this study) was detectable in trace amounts only in infected larvae. We propose that the deviation from the olfactory profile of healthy brood is supposed to trigger hygienic behaviour in worker bees. To confirm the relevance of change in the chemical bouquet (CHCs, BEPs, γ-octalactone, etc.), a field colony bioassay is needed, using healthy brood and hygienic bees to determine if bouquet changes elicit hygienic behaviour.
Der deutsche Sydney Swallow Questionnaire
Authors: Bohlender J. E. , Frick S. , Colotto U. , Hotzenköcherle S. , Brockmann-Bauser M. 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) ist ein patientenbasierter Fragebogen zur Erhebung von subjektiven Beschwerden oropharyngealer Schluckstörungen unterschiedlicher Ursachen, mit starker inhalts-, konstrukt-, diskriminativer und prädiktiver Validität.

Ziel der Arbeit/Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Überprüfung der Reliabilität und Validität der deutschen Fassung des Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ-G).

Material und Methode
In einer Kreuzvalidierungsstudie füllten 48 erwachsene deutschsprachige Patienten (12 Frauen/36 Männer) mit neurogen (n = 16), strukturell (n = 16) und funktionell (n = 16) bedingten Schluckstörungen den deutschen SSQ‑G und MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) aus. Die Reliabilität des SSQ‑G wurde anhand der internen Konsistenz mittels Cronbach‑α berechnet. Die Überprüfung der Kriterien- und der Konstruktvalidität erfolgte durch eine Kreuzvalidierung mittels Spearman-Korrelationskoeffizient.

Ergebnisse
Die interne Konsistenz des SSQ‑G war mit Cronbach-α = 0,94 exzellent. Die SSQ-G-Fragen 1 und 17 wiesen mit MDADI-Frage 1 einen moderat signifikanten bzw. hochsignifikanten Korrelationskoeffizienten von −0,43 und −0,45 auf (p < 0,5; p < 0,001). Zwischen Fragen 8, 11 und 12 des SSQ‑G und Fragen 7, 13 und 10 des MDADI lag mit Korrelationen von −0,48 bis −0,55 ein mittlerer bis starker hochsignifikanter Zusammenhang vor (p < 0,001). Somit wurden die Reliabilität, die Kriteriums- und Konstruktvalidität statistisch bestätigt.

Schlussfolgerung
Mit der deutschen Version des SSQ (SSQ-G) können funktionsspezifische Schluckbeschwerden reliabel und valide erfasst werden. In Kombination mit Fragenbögen zur symptomspezifischen Lebensqualität wie dem MDADI ist somit eine differenziertere klinische Analyse von Schluckbeschwerden möglich.
The association of migration and ethnicity with use of the Improving Access to Psychological Treatment (IAPT) programme: a general population cohort study
Authors: Bhavsar Vishal , Jannesari Sohail , McGuire Philip , MacCabe James H. , Das-Munshi Jayati , Bhugra Dinesh , Dorrington Sarah , Brown June S. L. , Hotopf Matthew H. , Hatch Stephani L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommon mental disorders (CMD), such as depression and anxiety, are an important cause of morbidity, economic burden and public mental health need. The UK Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme is a national effort to reduce the burden and impact of CMD, available since 2008.AimsTo examine ethnic and migration-related differences in use of IAPT-based psychological treatment using a novel epidemiological dataset with linkage to de-identified IAPT records.MethodData from a psychiatric morbidity survey of two South East London boroughs (2008–2010) were individually-linked to data on IAPT services serving those boroughs. We used Poisson regression to estimate association between ethnicity and migration status (including years of UK residence), with rate of subsequent use of psychological treatment.ResultsThe rate of psychological treatment use was 14.4 cases per thousand person years [cases/1000 pyrs, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 12.4, 16.7]. There was strong statistical evidence that compared to non-migrants, migrants residing in the UK for less than 10 years were less likely to use psychological treatment after adjustment for probable sociodemographic predictors of need, life adversity, and physical/psychiatric morbidity at baseline [rate ratio (RR) 0.4 (95% CI 0.20, 0.75]. This difference was not explained by migration for asylum/political reasons, or English language proficiency, and was evident for both self- and GP referrals.ConclusionsLower use of IAPT among recent migrants is unexplained by sociodemographics, adversity, and baseline morbidity. Further research should focus on other individual-level and societal barriers to psychological treatment use among recent migrants to the UK, including in categories of intersecting migration and ethnicity.
Developing and testing a principle-based fidelity index for peer support in mental health services
Authors: Gillard S. , Banach N. , Barlow E. , Byrne J. , Foster R. , Goldsmith L. , Marks J. , McWilliam C. , Morshead R. , Stepanian K. , Turner R. , Verey A. , White S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence suggests that the distinctive relational qualities of peer support—compared to clinical-patient relationships—can be eroded in regulated healthcare environments. Measurement of fidelity in trials of peer support is lacking. This paper reports the development and testing of a fidelity index for one-to-one peer support in mental health services, designed to assess fidelity to principles that characterise the distinctiveness of peer support.

Methods
A draft index was developed using expert panels of service user researchers and people doing peer support, informed by an evidence-based, peer support principles framework. Two rounds of testing took place in 24 mental health services providing peer support in a range of settings. Fidelity was assessed through interviews with peer workers, their supervisors and people receiving peer support. Responses were tested for spread and internal consistency, independently double rated for inter-rater reliability, with feedback from interviewees and service user researchers used to refine the index.

Results
A fidelity index for one-to-one peer support in mental health services was produced with good psychometric properties. Fidelity is assessed in four principle-based domains; building trusting relationships based on shared lived experience; reciprocity and mutuality; leadership, choice and control; building strengths and making connections to community.

Conclusions
The index offers potential to improve the evidence base for peer support in mental health services, enabling future trials to assess fidelity of interventions to peer support principles, and service providers a means of ensuring that peer support retains its distinctive qualities as it is introduced into mental health services.
Numerical simulation of dual-phase steel based on real and virtual three-dimensional microstructures
Authors: Scherff Frederik , Gola Jessica , Scholl Sebastian , Srivastava Kinshuk , Staudt Thorsten , Britz Dominik , Mücklich Frank , Diebels Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDual-phase steel shows a strong connection between its microstructure and its mechanical properties. This structure–property correlation is caused by the composition of the microstructure of a soft ferritic matrix with embedded hard martensite areas, leading to a simultaneous increase in strength and ductility. As a result, dual-phase steels are widely used especially for strength-relevant and energy-absorbing sheet metal structures. However, their use as heavy plate steel is also desirable. Therefore, a better understanding of the structure–property correlation is of great interest. Microstructure-based simulation is essential for a realistic simulation of the mechanical properties of dual-phase steel. This paper describes the entire process route of such a simulation, from the extraction of the microstructure by 3D tomography and the determination of the properties of the individual phases by nanoindentation, to the implementation of a simulation model and its validation by experiments. In addition to simulations based on real microstructures, simulations based on virtual microstructures are also of great importance. Thus, a model for the generation of virtual microstructures is presented, allowing for the same statistical properties as real microstructures. With the help of these structures and the aforementioned simulation model, it is then possible to predict the mechanical properties of a dual-phase steel, whose three-dimensional (3D) microstructure is not yet known with high accuracy. This will enable future investigations of new dual-phase steel microstructures within a virtual laboratory even before their production.
Utilizing a contralateral hamstring autograft facilitates earlier isokinetic and isometric strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: von Essen Christoffer , Hallgren Alexander , Barenius Björn , Eriksson Karl 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare muscle strength and patient reported outcomes following ACLR using a semitendinosus (ST) graft from the ipsilateral (IL) leg compared to a graft from the contralateral (CL) leg.

Methods
One-hundred and forty patients with an ACL injury were randomized to IL or CL ACLR. Patients were assessed at 6, 12 and 24 months with isokinetic and isometric muscle strength measured using Biodex. Patient-reported outcomes and manual stability measurements were also recorded.

Results
Patient-related outcomes improved over time for both groups with no significant differences between groups at any time point. No differences between groups in objective knee assessment scores or rerupture rates were found. The IL group was significantly weaker in knee flexion strength at all time points compared to the CL group, additionally the IL group did not recover flexor strength within 2 years.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that utilizing an ST graft harvested from the uninjured limb for ACLR facilitates early isokinetic and isometric strength recovery, with no significant adverse outcomes demonstrated in other measurements and therefore be performed to reduce the risk of long-term strength deficits in the injured leg

Level of evidence
II.
Diving behaviour of albatrosses: implications for foraging ecology and bycatch susceptibility
Authors: Bentley L. K. , Kato A. , Ropert-Coudert Y. , Manica A. , Phillips R. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiving is an ecologically important behaviour that provides air-breathing predators with opportunities to capture prey, but that also increases their exposure to incidental mortality (bycatch) in commercial fisheries. In this study, we characterised the diving behaviour of 26 individuals of three species, the black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris, grey-headed albatross T. chrysostoma and light-mantled albatross Phoebetria palpebrata, breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia. Individuals were tracked using Global Location Sensor (GLS)-immersion loggers and time-depth recorders (TDRs) and, for two species, Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers. Although the TDRs recorded 589 dives (defined in this paper as submersion > 1 m), average dive depths and durations were just 1.30–1.49 m and 2.5–3.3 s, respectively, for the three species. In addition, many individuals (22% of black-browed, 20% of grey-headed, and 57% of light-mantled albatrosses; total n = 9, 10 and 7 individuals, respectively) did not dive at all. Most dives occurred at the distal end of foraging trips and were rare during the commuting phase. No dives took place in darkness, despite long periods spent on water at night. The limited and shallow dive activity contrasts with impressions from a previous study using capillary-tube depth gauges (which are less accurate than TDRs) and has implications for the susceptibility of albatrosses to bycatch on longlines. This study provides further support for regulations requiring night setting and increased sink rates of baited hooks to help mitigate albatross bycatch.
Governance Challenges at the Interface of Food Security and Biodiversity Conservation: A Multi-Level Case Study from Ethiopia
Authors: Jiren Tolera Senbeto , Leventon Julia , Jager Nicolas W. , Dorresteijn Ine , Schultner Jannik , Senbeta Feyera , Bergsten Arvid , Fischer Joern 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnsuring food security while also protecting biodiversity requires a governance system that can address intra- and intersectoral complexity. In this paper, we sought to explore the governance challenges surrounding food security and biodiversity conservation through an empirical study in Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia. We used bottom-up snowball sampling to identify stakeholders and then held semi-structured interviews with 177 stakeholders across multiple levels of governance. We also conducted 24 focus group discussions with local people. Data were transcribed and thematically analyzed for its contents. Challenges in the structure of institutions and policy incoherence were the key challenges identified for the governance of food security and biodiversity conservation. The challenges around institutional structure included incompatibilities of the nature of governing institutions with the complexity inherent within and between the two sectors examined. Incoherences in policy goals, instruments, and contradictions of policy output relative to the actual problems of food security and biodiversity further hampered effective governance of food security and biodiversity conservation. Notably, many of the challenges that influenced an individual sector also posed a challenge for the integrated governance of food security and biodiversity conservation, often in a more pronounced way. Based on our findings, we argue that governance in our case study area requires a more integrated and collaborative approach that pays attention to institutional interplay in order to ensure institutional fit and consistency across policy goals.
Die Affektphobietherapie
Authors: Michal Matthias , Osborn Kristin 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEin zentraler Faktor psychischer Gesundheit ist die Fähigkeit, Affekte wahrnehmen und adaptiv regulieren zu können. Die Verbesserung dieser Fähigkeit ist ein Ziel der psychodynamischen Psychotherapie. Psychodynamische Behandlungsmodelle, die sich aus der gut validierten Tradition der „short-term dynamic psychotherapy“ (STDP) ableiten und die heute unter dem Dach der International Experiential Dynamic Therapy Association (https://iedta.net/) versammelt sind, legen auf besondere Weise den Behandlungsfokus auf das emotionale Erleben. Ein derartiges psychodynamisches transdiagnostisches Behandlungsmodell ist die Affektphobietherapie (APT).Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)Ziel der Übersicht ist es, den Leser mit dem Behandlungsrational und der Evidenz der APT vertraut zu machen.Material und MethodenEs werden die theoretischen Grundlagen der APT, typische Interventionen und Prozessinstrumente beschrieben. Die Evidenz des APT-Modells wird als narrative Übersicht der Studienlage dargestellt.Ergebnisse und SchlussfolgerungDie APT ist ein evidenzbasiertes psychodynamisches Behandlungsmodell. Das Rational ist schulenübergreifend. Ein Selbsthilfeprogramm auf der Basis der APT wird von Patienten gut aufgenommen. Manualisierung, Fertigkeitenorientierung und Prozessinstrumente machen es zu einem vielversprechenden Modell für die Aus- und Fortbildung.
Complete Characterization of Incorrect Orthology Assignments in Best Match Graphs
Authors: Schaller David , Geiß Manuela , Stadler Peter F. , Hellmuth Marc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenome-scale orthology assignments are usually based on reciprocal best matches. In the absence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), every pair of orthologs forms a reciprocal best match. Incorrect orthology assignments therefore are always false positives in the reciprocal best match graph. We consider duplication/loss scenarios and characterize unambiguous false-positive (u-fp) orthology assignments, that is, edges in the best match graphs (BMGs) that cannot correspond to orthologs for any gene tree that explains the BMG. Moreover, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm to identify allu-fporthology assignments in a BMG. Simulations show that at least$$75\%$$75%of all incorrect orthology assignments can be detected in this manner. All results rely only on the structure of the BMGs andnoton anya prioriknowledge about underlying gene or species trees.