bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation Policy Regarding the Smuggling of Lobster Seeds in Indonesia
Authors: Elvany Ayu Izza 
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes how formulation policy of lobster seeds smuggling regulated in Indonesian law to optimize the effectiveness of illegal fishing enforcement, considering penal policy is the basis of criminal law operationalization. This research uses both statute approach and conceptual approach as legal research methods to analyze the issued legal problem. Fishery law in Indonesia regulated in Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 concerning Fishery, especially Articles 88 and 16 paragraph (1) which cover the formulation policy of lobster seeds smuggling enforcement. This study will be analyzed into three aspects which are the conduct (the criminal offense), criminal liability, and sentencing system. The result shows that law enforcement regarding the smuggling of lobster seeds in Indonesia is ineffective due to the nonexistence of corporate criminal liability in the fishery law and its sentencing system is lack of both the specific minimum penalty regulation and the penal measures as criminal punishment. However, the draft of the fishery law has already set corporate criminal liability; hence it also regulates the penal measures, in the form of secondary sanctions. Nevertheless, instead of enacting the specific minimum penalty, the draft only determined the maximum penalty as well.
Keywords: Formulation Policy, Fishery Law, Lobster Seeds Smuggling.
The Impact of COVID-19 Through the Lens of Islamic Law: An Indonesian Case
Authors: Syahrul RA Mohammad , Hamdika Yusuf , Al-Fatih Sholahuddin 
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a virus founded in China, has spread worldwide as it has become pandemic. As a result, significant and detrimental impacts are undeniable to global citizens, including those in Indonesia. With the government's suggestions like introducing physical distancing and large-scale social restriction, they slow down economic growth. Also, they impact religious practices, particularly those performed by Muslims in Indonesia. This paper will discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of Islamic law. There are two main issues to analyze. First, what is the impact of COVID-19 on community activities in the view of Islamic law? Second, what is the impact of COVID-19 on religious communities in carrying out worship? This paper finds that the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted religious worship activities in public places by considering this virus's rapid transmission. It is followed by the closure of worship places to encourage citizens to practice their religious activities at home. Thus, the whole community was urged, and some were prohibited following the mapping zone experienced by each region. Given Islamic law believed and trusted by Muslims, in the end, the government has issued a new normal policy by opening places of worship with health protocols.
KEYWORDS: COVID-19, Islamic Law, Religious Practices, Indonesian Muslims.
Omnibus Law in Indonesia: A Comparison to the United States and Ireland
Authors: Anggono Bayu Dwi , Firdaus Fahmi Ramadhan 
Published: January 2021

Recently, omnibus law has become a critical discourse in Indonesia, both academically and practically. This discourse emerges from the relatively fast drafting and ratification of the Job Creation Law. This law's formation uses the omnibus law method because it contains many laws' substance into one law. One of Indonesia's fundamental issues is the absence of rules, methods, and techniques for forming the omnibus law. On the other hand, the techniques and methods of forming these omnibus laws have been practiced in various countries to accelerate the legislative process and organize regulations. However, public participation becomes one of the fundamental shortcomings to draft the legislation under omnibus law. This article aims to review and compare the omnibus law concept applied in selected countries, referencing the United States and Ireland as the model. This article also analyzes how to form the ideal omnibus law by learning from the omnibus law application in other countries that have successfully implemented it first. This study finds that omnibus laws in the United States and Ireland contribute to ushering hyper-regulation symptoms that are vulnerable and hamper economic development. The above comparison needs to be adjusted to the Indonesian context to enact the omnibus law.
KEYWORDS: Omnibus Law, Indonesian Law, Comparative Omnibus Law.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA SUB TEMA PEMANFAATAN ENERGI DI KELAS IV SD
Authors: Firman Firman , Budiono Hendra 
Published: January 2021

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The purpose of this study was to obtain valid, practical and efficient teaching materials using the Problem Based Learning model on the sub-theme of energy use in the fourth grade of elementary schools. This </em><em>research utilized </em><em>research and development</em><em> method</em><em> with a model of development of the 4-D (Four D) consisting of four stages: define, design, development, and the disseminate.</em><em> </em><em>The results of this study obtained an average general validation result in 3.38 with very valid categories. The practicality test was seen from the implementation of the </em><em>Problem</em><em> Based Learning </em><em>model in learning with an average of 3.44, the practical category, the student response questionnaire obtained a practical level in 3.49 with the practical category. The effectiveness test seen from student activities during the learning process includes visual, oral, motor, mental, and emotional activities showing an average overall activity of 79.58 in the High category. From this research it can be concluded that the teaching materials developed are valid, practical, and effective.</em></p><pre><em> </em></pre><p align="center"><strong> </strong><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bahan ajar yang valid, praktis dan efisien menggunakan model <em>Problem Based Learning</em> pada sub tema pemanfaatan energi di kelas IV SD. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (<em>research and development</em>) dengan model pengembangan 4-D (<em>Four D</em>) yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu pendefenisian <em>(define)</em>, perancangan <em>(design)</em>, pengembangan <em>(develop)</em>, dan penyebaran <em>(disseminate</em><em>). </em>Hasil penelitian ini didapat rata-rata hasil validasi secara umum 3,38 dengan kategori sangat valid. Uji praktikalitas dilihat dari keterlaksanaan model <em>Problem Based Learning</em> dalam pembelajaran dengan rata-rata 3,44, kategori Praktis, angket respon siswa didapat tingkat kepraktisan 3,49 dengan kategori praktis. Uji efektivitas dilihat dari aktivitas siswa selama proses pembelajaran meliputi aktivitas visual, oral, motor, mental, dan emosional menunjukkan rata-rata aktivitas keseluruhan 79,58 dengan kategori Tinggi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar yang dikembangkan berada pada kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif.</p>
PERAN MAHASISWA PGMI IAIN KUDUS SEBAGAI AGENT OF CHANGE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rochanah Rochanah 
Published: January 2021

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p>The purpose of this study was to find out what roles PGMI students can play as agents of change during the COVID-19 pandemi. This type of research is a field research with a qualitative approach. In collecting data, researchers used interview techniques. In particular, the problems that the researchers raised in this study were; What is the role of students as agents of change in supporting children's learning activities during the Covid-19 pandemi? The focus of this research is in the neighborhood where the students live, namely the Pantura area, covering Kudus, Pati, Jepara, Demak. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection techniques through interviews. This study resulted in a conclusion that the role of students as agents of change in the education sector during the Covid-19 pandemi includes; become a facilitator in learning activities, create fun learning, provide education about healthy lifestyles, instill adab, provide skills to children.</p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong><em></em></p><p align="center">Abstrak</p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran apa saja yang dapat dilakukan mahasiswa PGMI sebagai agent of change di masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan Teknik awancara. Secara khusus, permasalahan yang peneliti angkat dalam penelitian ini adalah; bagaimana peran mahasiswa sebagai agen perubahan mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran anak pada masa pandemi Covid-19? Lokus penelitian ini adalah di lingkungan tempat tinggal siswa yakni wilayah Pantura, meliputi Kudus, Pati, Jepara, Demak. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan bahwa peran mahasiswa sebagai Agent of change dalam bidang pendidikan di masa pandemi Covid-19 meliputi; menjadi fasilitator dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, menciptakan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, memberikan edukasi tentang pola hidup sehat, menanamkan adab, memberikan keterampilan pada anak.<strong></strong></p>
THE TEACHING TECHNIQUE OF INDONESIAN IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH: LEARNING FROM MI SURUH 1 PLUS, MIFTAHUL ULUM AND MA’ARIF PULUTAN
Authors: Maghfiroh Nurul , Maslikhah Maslikhah , Widhyahrini Khusna 
Published: January 2021

<p>By language skill possessed, students can blow on a variety of knowledge to appreciate literature and to develop themselves sustainably. But there are still many students who do not like Bahasa Indonesia n lessons because of being boring. They were not boring the teacher can use some methods. The Teaching technique was a concrete implementation in the learning process for students. The teachers can change their methods anytime for the same subject. The purpose of this study was to find out various kinds of teaching methods to teach Bahasa Indonesia in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> Grade in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) or Primary School level. This research used the qualitative method by interview semi-structured and questionnaire on the theme. The research obtained that MI Suruh 1 Plus used 10 techniques for 2<sup>nd</sup> Grade and 14 techniques for 5<sup>th</sup> Grade; MI Miftahul Ulum used 10 techniques for 2nd Grade and 13 techniques for 5th Grade, and MI Maarif Pulutan used 10 techniques for 2nd Grade and 14 techniques for 5th Grade. Variations in techniques used in 3 schools still use almost the same technique, which is different for each school in applying classroom learning techniques according to the material during learning.</p><p>Keterampilan berbahasa yang dimiliki siswa mampu menggali berbagai pengetahuan untuk mengapresiasi sastra, dan mengembangkan diri secara berkelanjutan. Tetapi masih banyak siswa yang tidak menyukai pelajaran Bahasa Indonesaia dengan alasan membosankan. Agar tidak bosan guru dapat menggunakan beberapa teknik. Teknik Mengajar adalah implementasi konkrit dalam proses pembelajaran bagi siswa. Para guru dapat mengubah metode mereka untuk mata pelajaran yang sama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai macam teknik pengajaran untuk mengajar Bahasa Indonesia di kelas 2 dan 5 di tingkat Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara semi struktur dan angket. Penelitian ini memperoleh bahwa MI Suruh 1 Plus menggunakan 10 teknik untuk kelas 2 dan 14 teknik untuk kelas 5; MI Miftahul Ulum menggunakan 10 teknik untuk Kelas 2 dan 13 teknik untuk Kelas 5; dan MI Maarif Pulutan menggunakan 10 teknik untuk Kelas 2 dan 14 teknik untuk Kelas 5. Variasi teknik yang digunakan di 3 sekolah masih menggunakan teknik yang hampir sama yang membedakan tiap sekolah dalam mengaplikasi teknik pembelajaran dikelas disesuaikan dengan materi saat pembelajaran.</p>
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of QPM, Provit-A, and Elite Maize Inbreds Resistant to Downy Mildew Disease Using Simple Sequence Repeats
Authors: Andayani Nining Nurini , Isnaini Muzdalifah , Aqil Muhammad , Muis Amran , Pabendon Marcia Bunga , Azrai Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

<p>Functional maize tends to be more susceptible to major maize diseases, particularly Downy mildew. Among the functional maize are Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and Provit A maize. The presence of higher amino acid and beta carotene in functional maize might have caused these types of maize more susceptible to Downy mildew disease. The objective of the research was to identify the heterotic pairs among maize inbreds i.e. QPM, Provit A, and local maize varieties resistant to Downy mildew disease using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) marker. The research was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute. A total of five QPM inbreds, 15 Provit A inbreds, and 11 Downy mildew resistant local varieties of maize were used in the experiment using 34 SSR markers. Results indicated that among 34 SSR locus analysed, variation of allele lengths ranged from 74 bp to 500 bp. A total of 125 alleles ranging from two to nine alleles per locus with an average of 3.68 alleles were generated. The data indicated wide genetic variations among characters. DNA band profile showed that nc130 marker produced the highest PIC (over 0.83) and allele value (8.00). Genetic distance analysis found a total of 21 heterotic genotypes with genetic distance exceeds 0.65. </p>
Construction and Characterization of a Novel Glucose Dehydrogenase-Leucine Dehydrogenase Bifunctional Enzyme for the Biosynthesis of L-Tert-Leucine
Authors: Liao Langxing , Zhang Yonghui , Wang Yali , Fu Yousi , Zhang Aihui , Qiu Ruodian , Yang Shuhao , Fang Baishan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Biosynthesis of L-tert-leucine (L-tle), a significant pharmaceutical intermediate, by a cofactor regeneration system friendly and efficiently is a worthful goal all the time. The cofactor regeneration system of leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) has showed great coupling catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of L-tle, however the multi-enzyme complex of GDH and LeuDH has never been constructed successfully.Results: In this work, a novel bifunctional enzyme (GDH-R3-LeuDH) for the efficient biosynthesis of L-tle was constructed by the fusion of LeuDH and GDH mediated with a rigid peptide linker. Compared with the free enzymes, both the environmental tolerance and thermal stability of GDH-R3-LeuDH had a great improved since the fusion structure. The fusion structure also accelerated the cofactor regeneration rate and maintained the enzyme activity, so the productivity and yeild of L-tle by GDH-R3-LeuDH was all enhanced by 2-fold. Finally, the space-time yield of L-tle catalyzing by GDH-R3-LeuDH whole cells could achieve 2136 g/L/d in a 200 mL scale system under the optimal catalysis conditions (pH 9.0, 30℃, 0.4 mM of NAD+ and 500 mM of a substrate including trimethylpyruvic acid and glucose). Conclusions: It is the first report about the fusion of GDH and LeuDH as the multi-enzyme complex to synthesize L-tle and reach the highest space-time yield up to now. These results demonstrated the great potential of the GDH-R3-LeuDH bifunctional enzyme for the efficient biosynthesis of L-tle.
Hydrogen bonding systems in birch bark
Authors: Леонтьев Л.Л. , Лобок И.Д. , Иванов-Омский В.И. , Смолин А.С. 
Published: January 2021

Произведено сравнение систем водородных связей во внешнем и внутреннем слоях березовой бересты, в сравнении с водородными связями в высококачественной бумаге и в образце выделенной из древесины целлюлозы. Интервал исследуемых частот от 3000 до 3700 см-1, ограничен областью поглощения гидроксильными ОН-группами, частоты которых наиболее чувствительны к возникновению Н-связей. Для оценки параметров Н-связей проводилась деконволюция полос поглощения ОН-групп гауссовыми компонентами. Для корректного выделения поглощения гидроксильными группамипервоначально деконволюции подвергается весь фрагмент, включающий в себя полосы поглощения как метиленовым, так и гидроксильными группами. В дальнейшем анализировались только параметры контуров деконволюции, относящейся к гидроксильным группам. Принималось, что каждый компонент деконволюции может быть ассоциирован с определенным типом водородной связи. Определялся сдвиг частот компонентов деконволюции относительно собственной частоты колебаний изолированной гидроксильной группы, не охваченной по этой причине водородной связью. Для определения энергии водородных связей использовались литературные данные по корреляции энергии водородной связи с частотным сдвигом. Относительная плотность водородных связей оценивалась по отношению площадей контуров деконволюции.
A comparison was made of the hydrogen bond systems in the outer and inner layer of birch bark, as well as a comparison of high-quality paper with a sample of pure pulp. The range of frequencies under study from 3000 to 3700 cm-1 is limited by the absorption region by hydroxyl OH groups, the frequencies of which are most sensitive to the occurrence of H bonds. To estimate the parameters of H-bonds, the absorption bands of OH groups were deconvolved by Gaussian components. In order to correctly isolate the absorption by hydroxyl groups, the entire fragment, whichincludes absorption bands of both methylene and hydroxyl groups, is initially deconvolved. In the future, only the parameters of the deconvolution contours related to hydroxyl groups were analyzed. It was assumed that each component of deconvolution can be associated with a certain type of hydrogen bond. The frequency shift of the components of the deconvolution was determined relative to the natural frequency of vibrations of the isolated hydroxyl group, which is therefore not covered by a hydrogen bond. To determine the energy of hydrogen bonds, we used literature data on the correlation of the hydrogen bond energy with a frequency shift. The relative density of hydrogen bonds was estimated by the ratio of the area of the contours of deconvolution.
Polymer composite material based on terpenoid raw materials for the production of plastic skis
Authors: Латышевич И.А. , Гапанькова Е.И. , Полховский А.В. , Бильдюкевич А.В. , Шетько С.В. , Прохорчик С.А. , Клюев А.Ю. , Козлов Н.Г. 
Published: January 2021

В настоящее время лыжный спорт пользуется большой популярностью, поэтому спрос на лыжи постоянно возрастает. В связи с чем развитиенационального лыжестроения является актуальным для нашей страны направлением. Лыжная индустрия развивается быстрыми темпами и на смену деревянным лыжам пришли пластиковые. Одним из составляющих компонентов лыж является полимерный композиционный материал (препрег). Поэтому сейчас производство препрега набирает обороты, создаются новые материалы на их основе. Проведенные исследования позволили разработать рецептуру и лабораторную технологию связующего на основе вторичных терпеноидных продуктов для изготовления препрега с дальнейшим использованием его при производстве пластиковых лыж. Полученные экспериментальные образцы лыж на производственных площадях филиала «Телеханы» Республиканского производственно-торгового унитарного предприятия «Беларусьторг» Управления делами Президента Республики Беларусь, по своим эксплуатационным свойствам находятся на уровне нормативных показателей.
Currently, skiing is very popular. Therefore, the demand for skis is constantly increasing. The development of the national ski industry is an important direction for our country. The ski industry is developing rapidly and plastic skis have replaced wooden skis. One of the components of skis is a polymer composite material (prepreg). Therefore, now the production of prepreg is increasing, many new materials on its basis are created. Our research has allowed us to develop a formulation and laboratory technology of a binder based on secondary terpenoid products for the production of prepreg for its further use in the production of plastic skis. Experimental samples of skis obtained at the production arears of the «Telehany» of the Republican production trade unitary enterprise «Belarustorg» of the administrative department of the President of the Republic of Belarus are at the level of standard indicators for their operational properties.
Software TLB Management Method Based on Balanced Binary Tree
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Zhao Li , Zhang Yuke , Ai Jian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: with the development of the computer system, there is a higher request to reduce the failure times of Translation Look—aside Buffer and relieve the failure influence, normal solution is deal with TLB failure by software or hardware, it find the page table and then implement the index operation to locate the page want. Method: In order to satisfy the needs of software management method for mapping speed from virtual address to physical address and to expand the size of TLB, our team design a software management method based on balanced binary search tree. Page management is implemented in software management, TLB is managed by operating system based on abstract model, and MMU (memory management unit) is no longer used Unit, our team build a balanced binary tree to search TLB. Result: Binary search tree has the advantage of pruning in the interval search problem under the balanced state. Therefore, searching TLB by this method is conducive to the expansion of TLB capacity, making space for cache and other performance improvement designs on chip and reducing costs. However, the search speed is reduced and some time is sacrificed to free up CPU space. Conclusion: This method can free up CPU design space, also can expand more size of TLB and reduce the cost, its optimization algorithm is worthy of further research.
Conditional GAN-based Remote Sensing Target Image Generation Method
Authors: Liu Haoyang , Hu Zhiyi , Yu Jun , Gao Shouyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In view of the uncontrollable process of traditional GAN generating remote sensing target images, the shortcomings of generated samples are similar, and lack diversity. This paper proposes a generative confrontation network model based on background conditions. First, the computer vision attention mechanism is introduced into the generative confrontation network. Choose a learning target model so that the GAN network only learns the target model during training, and ignores other non-target information. Reduce the dependence on the number of samples in the GAN training process; secondly, use the U-net network as a generator to restore other non-target information when generating the remote sensing image of the target as much as possible; again, distinguish by different colors of the conditional mask The category of the generated target; at the same time, the L1 regularization loss is added to the loss term of the generator model, and finally, the remote sensing target image is generated. The experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the remote sensing image generation algorithm proposed in this paper reached 18.512, and the structural similarity (SSIM) reached 88.47%, which is better than the comparison test model where the generator is an ordinary autoencoder.