bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Indigene Bibliotheken“ in Lateinamerika: Neue Perspektiven und Herausforderungen von Bibliotheken in multikulturellen Kontexten
Authors: Roggendorf Daniela Celis , Hartmann Annika , Kunze Gunther 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt Initiativen aus Lateinamerika vor, welche sich für größere Partizipation und Repräsentanz von indigenen Gruppen im Bibliotheksbereich einsetzen. Nach einer kurzen Kontextualisierung werden die unterschiedlichen Ansätze und Handlungsfelder „indigener Bibliotheken“ diskutiert. Ein besonderen Aspekt der Auseinandersetzung bildet dabei der Spracherhalt. Abschließend werden Herausforderungen angesprochen und Fragen nach den Möglichkeiten von Bibliotheken bei der Dekolonisierung von Wissensbeständen angestoßen.
Thermal conductivity of silicone elastomer with a porous alumina continuum
Authors: Song Qichao , Wang Bo , Han Zhiyu , Han Zhidong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, porous alumina continuum (PAC) was prepared with alumina powders (APs) by the gel-casting method and was applied to obtain silicone elastomer (SR) composites (PAC/SR) by the impregnating process. The structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influences of PAC on thermal conductivity and dielectric permittivity of PAC/SR composites were studied in comparison with AP/SR composites. When the alumina content was 14 vol%, the thermal conductivity of the PAC/SR composites reached 0.84 W·(m·K)−1, which was 3.1 times higher than that of the AP/SR composites. The thermal conductivity of PAC/SR and AP/SR was simulated by theoretical models, and the interfacial thermal resistance was calculated by effective medium theory, which indicated the advantages of PAC in enhancing the thermal conductivity of SR-based composites and the reduced interfacial thermal resistance between PAC and SR.
Leaching kinetics of copper and valuable metal extraction from copper-cadmium residues of zinc hydrometallurgy by oxidation acid leaching
Authors: Guo Jihao , Xu Hongao , Li Bo , Wei Yonggang , Wang Hua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Multiple purification of zinc sulfate solution is an important process for zinc hydrometallurgy, and large quantities of copper-cadmium residues are generated as byproducts in this process. Copper-cadmium residues contain a large number of valuable metals that must be recovered. A comprehensive extraction process has been proposed using sulfuric acid as the leaching reagent and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing reagent. The effects of acid concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, liquid-to-solid ratio, hydrogen peroxide dosage and stirring speed on the leaching efficiency were investigated. The optimum conditions were determined as an acid concentration of 150 g/L, liquid-to-solid ratio of 4:1, hydrogen peroxide amount of 20 mL, time of 60 min, temperature of 30 °C, particle size of −d75 μm, and agitation rate of 300 r/min. It was concluded that the leaching efficiency of copper and cadmium reached 97%, but because of the existence of zinc sulfide in the residues, a lower leaching efficiency of zinc was obtained. Furthermore, the leaching kinetics of copper was also studied based on the shrinking core model. The activation energy for copper leaching was 5.06 kJ/mol, and the leaching process was controlled by the diffusion through the product layer.
Principal surrogates in context of high vaccine efficacy
Authors: Callegaro Andrea , Tibaldi Fabian , Follmann Dean 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The use of correlates of protection (CoPs) in vaccination trials offers significant advantages as useful clinical endpoint substitutes. Vaccines with very high vaccine efficacy (VE) are documented in the literature (95% or above). Callegaro, A., and F. Tibaldi. 2019. “Assessing Correlates of Protection in Vaccine Trials: Statistical Solutions in the Context of High Vaccine Efficacy.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 19: 47 showed that the rare infections observed in the vaccinated groups of these trials poses challenges when applying conventionally-used statistical methods for CoP assessment such as the Prentice criteria and meta-analysis. The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of this problem on another statistical method for the assessment of CoPs called Principal stratification.

Methods
We perform simulation experiments to investigate the effect of high vaccine efficacy on the performance of the Principal Stratification approach.

Results
Similarly to the Prentice framework, simulation results show that the power of the Principal Stratification approach decreases when the VE grows.

Conclusions
It can be challenging to validate principal surrogates (and statistical surrogates) for vaccines with very high vaccine efficacy.
Atenuación, conflicto interlocutivo e identidad de imagen
Authors: Bravo Diana 
Published: November 2021

ResumenEn este trabajo se reflexiona, en primer término, acerca del valor como categoría analítica de las estrategias de cortesía atenuadora. Se sostiene que, para interpretar que se ha producido una atenuación, es necesario identificar la actividad comunicativa que se evalúa como amenazante en ese contexto. Una estrategia de cortesía atenuadora se define como aquella cuya función es disminuir elefecto socialnegativo que pueda tener unaactividad de imagenamenazante en el estado de la relacióninterpersonaly en el clima socio-emocional de la interlocución en curso. Con base en Bravo (2005, 2016, 2017, 2020) proponemos un modelo para la interpretación de este tipo de estrategias en su contexto de producción. En segundo término, queremos hacer un aporte al estudio de las estrategias de cortesía atenuadora, planteando las dificultades que se le presentan al/la analista a la hora de registrar este tipo de actividades de imagen en discursos públicos en los cuales el nivel deconflicto interlocutivoes elevado. Se concluye que, si bien priman las estrategias deautoimageny las dedescortesía(Kaul de Marlangeon 2012), la atenuación matiza la confrontación en beneficio de la construcción de unaidentidad de imagenacorde con las expectativas de diferentes auditorios.
Clinical advances in the pharmacotherapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Prete Alessandro , Auchus Richard J , Ross Richard J 
Published: November 2021

Background
Patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21OHD-CAH) have poor health outcomes with increased mortality, short stature, impaired fertility, and increased cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity. To address this, there are therapies in development that target the clinical goal of treatment, which is to control excess androgens with an adrenal replacement dose of glucocorticoid.

Methods
Narrative review of publications on recent clinical developments in the pharmacotherapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Summary
Therapies in clinical development target different levels of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis. Two corticotrophin-releasing factor type 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists, Crinecerfont and Tildacerfont, have been trialled in poorly controlled 21OHD-CAH patients, and both reduced ACTH and androgen biomarkers while patients were on stable glucocorticoid replacement. Improvements in glucocorticoid replacement include replacing the circadian rhythm of cortisol that has been trialled with continuous s.c. infusion of hydrocortisone and Chronocort, a delayed-release hydrocortisone formulation. Chronocort optimally controlled 21OHD-CAH in 80% of patients on an adrenal replacement dose of hydrocortisone, which was associated with patient-reported benefits including restoration of menses and pregnancies. Adrenal-targeted therapies include the steroidogenesis-blocking drug Abiraterone acetate, which reduced adrenal androgen biomarkers in poorly controlled patients.

Conclusions
CRF1 receptor antagonists hold promise to avoid excess glucocorticoid replacement in patients not controlled on standard or circadian glucocorticoid replacement such as Chronocort. Gene and cell therapies are the only therapeutic approaches that could potentially correct both cortisol deficiency and androgen excess.
Spectral binning of cervicovaginal fluid metabolites improves prediction of spontaneous preterm birth and Lactobacillus species dominance
Authors: Amabebe Emmanuel , Reynolds Steven , Anumba Dilly O C 
Published: November 2021

Lay summary
Health-promoting bacteria (lactobacilli) exist in harmony with the vaginal environment. They are the predominant vaginal bacterial species during pregnancy. However, the possibility of infection and inappropriate immune response are linked with unprompted preterm delivery (PTD). Other invasive lactobacilli can alter the chemical environment of the vagina as they seek to promote their growth. This study measured the change in concentration of biochemical compounds and predominant bacterial species in vaginal fluid that are linked to PTD. The study recruited 300 healthy pregnant women who provided vaginal fluid samples during the second trimester. The women who harboured more of Lactobacillus jensenii over Lactobacillus crispatus (both reported as health-promoting bacteria) in their vaginal fluid had less lactate and glutamate and experienced more PTD. This suggests that lactate and glutamate levels in vaginal fluid may have clinical application in identifying which Lactobacillus species is most active. These chemical biomarkers could provide quick and accurate prediction of PTD risk in clinical settings.
Serum Visfatin as a Diagnostic Marker of Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Saadoun Mo’men M , Nosair Nahla Abd el-Aziz , Abdel-Azeez Hala Abdel-Hameed , Sharaf Samar M , Ahmed Mohammed Hussien 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been reported to be caused by a complex interplay of immunological, infectious, and genetic factors. Previous studies have suggested that adipokines play a role in IBD by inducing proinflammatory cytokines. We aimed to evaluate the role of visfatin in the diagnosis algorithm of active IBD.
Methods: 85 newly diagnosed IBD patients [56 diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 29 with Crohn‘s disease (CD)] and 30 healthy controls were included. IBD phenotypes were described accordingly to Montreal classification. Hemoglobin, total leucocytic count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, fecal calprotectin and serum visfatin were measured.
Results: The serum visfatin level was found to be significantly higher in patients with IBD than those in the control group (p<0.001). It was significantly positively correlated with CRP, ESR, and FC in both IBD groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of visfatin in diagnosis of UC revealed an area under curve of 0.911. At cutoff ≥1.4 ng/ml, the sensitivity was 92.9% and the specificity was 86.7%.. In CD group, at the same cutoff, AUC was 0.974, sensitivity was 96.6% and specificity was 86.7%. There was a statistically significant elevation of serum visfatin in extensive UC (E3) as compared to the other groups. A cutoff ≥3.25 ng/ml revealed 88.9% sensitivity, and 100% specificity in detection of E3 UC. Serum visfatin was significantly increased in CD stricturing phenotype (B2) as compared to non-stricturing non-penetrating CD (B1). A cutoff ≥3.5 ng/ml revealed 83.3% sensitivity, and 100% specificity in detection of B2.
Conclusions: The serum visfatin level were significantly higher in patients with IBD than in controls. Serum visfatin might be a novel noninvasive marker to detect activity in IBD patients and can be used as predictor of disease extension in patients with UC.
IQ in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Katusic Maja Z. , Myers Scott M. , Weaver Amy L. , Voigt Robert G. 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to describe the intellectual ability and ratio of boys to girls with average or higher IQ within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases identified in a population-based birth cohort. We hypothesized that research-identified individuals with ASD would be more likely to have average or higher IQ, compared to clinically diagnosed ASD. We also hypothesized the male to female ratio would decrease as the definition of ASD broadened.

METHODS
ASD incident cases were identified from 31 220 subjects in a population-based birth cohort. Research-defined autism spectrum disorder, inclusive criteria (ASD-RI) was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, autistic disorder (AD), Asperger Disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified criteria. Research-defined autism spectrum disorder, narrow criteria (ASD-RN) was a narrower definition based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision AD criteria. Clinical diagnoses of ASD were abstracted from medical and school records. Intellectual ability was based on the last IQ score or on documented diagnoses of intellectual disability if no scores available. Average or higher IQ was defined as IQ ≥86.

RESULTS
A total of 59.1% of those with ASD-RI (n = 890), 51.2% of those with ASD-RN (n = 453), and 42.8% of those with clinically diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (n = 187) had average or higher IQ. Within the ASD-RI and ASD-RN groups, boys were more likely than girls to have an average or higher IQ (62.0% vs 51.3% [P = .004] and 54.1% vs. 42.5% [P = .03], respectively).

CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that nearly half of individuals with ASD have average or higher IQ. Boys with ASD are more likely to have average or higher IQ than girls. Patients with ASD and higher IQ remain at risk for not being identified.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp.: A review of the literature
Authors: Bulajić Nina , Miljković-Selimović Biljana , Tambur Zoran , Kocić Branislava , Kalevski Katarina , Aleksić Ema 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Campylobacter spp. are commensal organisms in the intestinal tract of food producing and companion animals. There is an increasing trend of human campylobacteriosis worldwide, including complicated cases that request treatment by antibiotics. Prevalence of resistance continually increases, especially to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. There are many reports on multiresistant strains of Campylobacter spp.
In this work we present the available information about the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. worldwide, as well as studies from Serbia published in last two decades. Campylobacter strains isolated from animal samples in Serbia showed increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to all clinically relevant antibiotics. Preliminary data (2014–2019) from Reference laboratory for Campylobacter and Helicobacter at the Institute of Public Health of Niš, Serbia show high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (90%) and to tetracycline (50%) but low resistance to erythromycin (<5%) in human Campylobacter isolates.
Social care services for the homeless people based on the attitudes of residents towards homelessness
Authors: Ludvigh Cintulová Lucia 
Published: November 2021

There is no Strategic Plan for tackling and preventing homelessness in Slovakia, which exacerbates the unsystematic process of social services for homeless people. For this reason, we point out the positives and negatives of the whole system. The research focuses on mapping the current situation of homelessness and describes the aid system under the auspices of the non-profit sector. The participants in the research were social and street workers who provide care and counseling for the homeless on an outpatient basis, on a residential basis or directly in the street where they live.
Agile characteristics of employees and their role in risk management
Authors: Olak Andrzej , Karwowski Waldemar 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of the study: In order to survive in the face of contemporary risks, organizations are forced to initiate the evolution of employee behavior towards developing agile traits. The article, based on the concept of agility and classification of agile employee characteristics defined in the literature, aims to present the theoretical model of the behavior of agile employees in the face of organizational risk.
Methodology: The model presented in the article was developed on the basis of a critical analysis of the literature in the field of agile management and risk management.
Main Findings: One of the possible reactions of modern enterprises to the emergence of organizational risk is promoting employee agility. An agile employee is able to effectively anticipate problems related to the occurrence of risk, has the ability to solve problems related to the occurrence of risk. Such an employee is able to implement innovative ideas and perform his duties effectively in stressful conditions, as well as propose new procedures or processes for his area of ​​work.
Applications of this study: The presented model of agile behavior of employees in the face of organizational risk is of a utilitarian nature and can be implemented in the organizational culture of various entities, including small and medium-sized enterprises.
Novelty/Originality of this Study: Research originality: The article allows for a better understanding of the need to develop agile traits in employees and the possibility of using them to eliminate or minimize risks. The article may be an inspiration for further research on the role of employee agility in the enterprise.
Total Joint Arthroplasty in HIV-Positive Patients in Malawi
Authors: Graham Simon Matthew , Render Luke , Moffat Chipiliro , Lubega Nicholas , Mkandawire Nyengo , Young Sven , Harrison William J. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
In this observational study, we describe the medium-term outcomes of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients in Malawi, a low-income country. With a high prevalence of HIV and increasing arthroplasty rates in low and middle-income countries, understanding the outcomes of TJA in this unique cohort of patients is essential to ensure that surgical practice is evidence-based.

Methods:
Data for all HIV-positive patients who had TJA from January 2005 to March 2020 were extracted from the National Arthroplasty Registry of the Malawi Orthopaedic Association (NARMOA). From January 2005 to March 2020, a total of 102 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and 20 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) were performed in 97 patients who were HIV-positive and without hemophilia or a history of intravenous drug use. The mean length of follow-up was 4 years and 3 months (range, 6 weeks to 15 years) in the THA group and 4 years and 9 months (range, 6 weeks to 12 years) in the TKA group. The mean patient age was 50 years (range, 21 to 76 years) and 64 years (range, 48 to 76 years) at the time of THA and TKA, respectively.

Results:
The primary indication for THA was osteonecrosis (66 hips). In the THA group, the mean preoperative Oxford Hip Score and Harris hip score were 14.0 (range, 2 to 33) and 29.4 (range, 1 to 64), respectively, and improved to 46.6 (range, 23 to 48) and 85.0 (range, 28 to 91) postoperatively. The primary indication for TKA was osteoarthritis (19 knees). The mean preoperative Oxford Knee Score was 14.9 (range, 6 to 31) and increased to 46.8 (range, 40 to 48) postoperatively. In patients who underwent THA, there was 1 deep infection (1 of 102 procedures), and 6 patients developed aseptic loosening (6 of 102). There was 1 postoperative superficial infection following TKA (1 of 20 procedures), and 1 patient developed aseptic loosening (1 of 20). Postoperative 6-week mortality among all patients was zero.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge this is the largest medium-term follow-up of HIV-positive patients, without hemophilia or a history of intravenous drug use, who have had TJA in a low-income country. This study demonstrated good medium-term results among HIV-positive patients undergoing TJA, low complication rates, and improvements in patient-reported outcome measures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fine Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene MlWE74 Derived From Wild Emmer Wheat (Triticum Turgidum ssp. Dicoccoides) in An NBS-LRR Gene Cluster
Authors: Zhu Keyu , Li Miaomiao , Wu Haibin , Zhang Deyun , Dong Lingli , Wu Qiuhong , Chen Yongxing , Xie Jingzhong , Lu Ping , Guo Guanghao , Zhang Huaizhi , Zhang Panpan , Li Beibei , Li Wenling , Dong Lei , Wang Qifei , Zhu Jinghuan , Hu Wenli , Guo Liqiao , Wang Rongge , Yuan Chengguo , Li Hongjie , Liu Zhiyong , Hua Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ), is a globally devastating disease. Wild emmer wheat ( Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides ) is a valuable genetic resource for improving disease resistance in common wheat. A powdery mildew resistance gene was transferred to hexaploid wheat line WE74 from wild emmer accession G-748-M. Genetic analysis revealed that the powdery mildew resistance in WE74 is controlled by a single dominant gene, herein temporarily designated MlWE74 . Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and molecular mapping delimited MlWE74 to the terminal region of chromosome 2BS flanking by markers WGGBD412 and WGGBH346 within a genetic interval of 0.25 cM and corresponding to 799.9 kb genomic region in the Zavitan reference sequence. Sequence annotation revealed two phosphoglycerate mutase-like genes, an alpha/beta-hydrolases gene, and five NBS-LRR disease resistance genes that could serve as candidates for map-based cloning of MlWE74 . The geographical location analysis indicated that MlWE74 is mainly distributed in Rosh Pinna and Amirim regions, in the northern part of Israel, where environmental conditions are favorable to the occurrence of powdery mildew. Moreover, the co-segregated marker WGGBD425 is helpful in marker-assisted transfer of MlWE74 into elite cultivars.
Prussian Blue Analogues Derived CuO@Co3O4 Nanoparticles As Effective Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst For Magnesium-Air Battery
Authors: Dong Xiaoyang , Wang Jinxing , Wang Xiao , Yang Jingdong , Zhu Ling , Zeng Wen , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Developing efficient, durable and cost-effective non-noble metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is remarkably significant to promote the efficiency and performance of Mg-air battery. Herein, the CuO@Co3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized by a low-cost and simple approach using the CuCo-based prussian blue analogues (PBA) as precursor of pyrolysis at different calcination temperatures. It is found that the CuO@Co3O4 nanoparticles calcined at 600 ºC (CCO-600) have relatively small size and superior ORR performance. The onset potential is 0.889 V and the diffusion limiting current density achieves 6.746 mA·cm-2, as well as prominent stability in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The electron transfer number of the CCO-600 is 3.89 under alkaline medium, which manifests that the reaction mechanism of ORR is dominated by 4 e process. It is similar to the commercial Pt. Moreover, the primary Mg-air battery with the CCO-600 as the cathode catalyst has been assembled. The Mg-air battery of the CCO-600 as the cathode catalyst possesses better discharge performance than the CuCo-based PBA. The open circuit voltage of CCO-600 arrives 1.76 V and energy density of 1895.95 mWh/g. This work provides an effective strategy to develop non-noble metal ORR catalyst for the application of metal-air batteries.