bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Withaferin A Induces Heat Shock Response and Ameliorates Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Joshi Tripti , Kumar Vipendra , Kaznacheyeva Elena V , Jana Nihar Ranjan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Impairment of proteostasis network is one of the characteristic features of many age-related neurodegenerative disorders including autosomal dominantly inherited Huntington’s disease (HD). In HD, N-terminal portion of mutant huntingtin protein containing expanded polyglutamine repeats accumulates as inclusion bodies and leads to progressive deterioration of various cellular functioning including proteostasis network. Here we report that Withaferin A (a small bioactive molecule derived from Indian medicinal plant, Withania somnifera) partially rescues defective proteostasis by activating heat shock response (HSR) and delay the disease progression in a HD mouse model. Exposure of Withaferin A activates HSF1 and induces the expression of HSP70 chaperones in an in vitro cell culture system and also suppresses mutant huntingtin aggregation in a cellular model of HD. Withaferin A treatment to HD mice considerably increased their lifespan as well as restored progressive motor behavioural deficits and declined body weight. Biochemical studies confirmed the activation of HSR and global decrease in mutant huntingtin aggregates load accompanied with improvement of striatal function in Withaferin A treated HD mice brain. Withaferin A treated HD mice also exhibit significant decrease in inflammatory processes as evident from the decreased microglial activation. These results indicate immense potential of Withaferin A for the treatment of HD and related neurodegenerative disorders involving protein misfolding and aggregation.
Design of Improved Integral Sliding Mode Observer for Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Li , Ning Guoying , Cheng Yi , Xu Guowei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An improved integral sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed for the double closed-loop control system of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(SPMSM) in this paper. By observing the stator current, the extended back Electromotive Force(back-EMF)of the motor is estimated, and the position and angle of the rotor are obtained by using the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) structure. The improved integrated SMO control system not only ensures the system to converge to the equilibrium point in finite time, but also reduces the steady-state error. A new exponential reaching law is also designed in which the sgn (s) of the constant velocity term is replaced by the sigmoid (s). For improving the reaching speed, the gain adaptive function is added to the exponential term of the approaching law to make its coefficient change with the system state. Simulation results compared with the traditional SMO show that the control system based on the improved SMO can reduce observation error, enhance robustness, and suppress chattering phenomenon.
Pupil barycenter configuration in patients with myopia and hyperopia
Authors: Koç Hacı , Kaya Faruk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To compare the pupil barycenter configurations that can be used to calculate the kappa angle in terms of distance in patients with myopia and hyperopia.
Method

: This prospective study evaluated 394 eyes of 197 patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to their spherical equivalent values: the myopic group (mean spherical equivalent refraction < − 0.50 D) and the hyperopia group (mean spherical equivalent refraction > + 0.50 D). The two groups were further subdivided according to severity (myopic group: mild, <−0.50 and ≤ − 3.00 D; moderate, <−3.00 and ≤ − 6.00 D; severe, <−6.00 D; hyperopic group: mild, ≥+0.50 and ≤ + 2.00 D; moderate, >+2.00 and ≤ + 4.00 D; severe, >+4.00 D). The pupil and iris barycenter distance measurements and other parameters were obtained through optical low-coherence reflectometry.
Results

Of the 197 patients, 109 (55.3%) were female and 88 (44.7%) were male, and their age ranged from 7 to 60 years (mean, 35.16 ± 14.75 years). The average pupil barycenter measurements originating from the kappa angle distances were 0.38 ± 0.15 and 0.21 ± 0.11 mm in patients with hyperopia and myopia, respectively. Corneal and lens thickness measurements were higher in patients with hyperopia, whereas anterior chamber depth and pupil diameter measurements were higher in patients with myopia. No significant difference in astigmatism or white-to-white measurements was observed between patients with hyperopia and those with myopia.
Conclusion

The kappa angle distances are higher in hyperopia than in myopia. The pupil barycenter measurement from the kappa angle distance can be an alternative for the evaluation of the kappa angle.
Old People’s Fear of COVID-19 Infection and Public Transportation Avoidance : Korean Subway Evidence
Authors: Park Byungjin , Cho Joonmo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: With the spread of the coronavirus worldwide, a principal policy implemented by nations was restrictions on movement of people. The effect of governments’ mobility restriction measures has been analyzed after the COVID-19 outbreak. However, there is lack of studies on the impact of voluntary restriction that significantly affects the decrease of the mobility. This research aims to analyze mass transportation use after the COVID-19 outbreak by age group to explore how the fear of infection affected the public transit system. Methods: Mass transportation big data of Seoul Metro transportation use in the capital city of South Korea was employed for a panel analysis. To control the environmental characteristics of each district of Seoul Metropolitan City, the fixed-effect model was employed. Results: The analysis results showed that in both the period of the highest infections and the period of the lowest infection of COVID-19, users aged 65 and over reduced subway use more than people aged between 20 and 64. The decrease of subway use caused by the sharp increase of COVID-19 cases was the most prominent among people aged 65 and over. The elasticity of change of subway use demand to change in cases in Seoul was about 0.08 for people aged 65 and over, higher than 0.06 for people aged between 20 and 64. Conclusion: The voluntary restrictions driven by fear of the COVID-19 infection have led to the decrease of public transit demand in Seoul. Although the subway use demand decreased both in the age group of 20 to 64 and the age group of people 65 and older, the elderly responded more sensitively to COVID-19. The results suggest that the fear of COVID-19 pandemic varies with age. It seems that the elderly’s higher death rate from COVID-19 has significantly impacted their behavioral change. This study imply that the elder’s fear of infection has affected their daily lives, consumption, and production activities and their mobility using public transportation.
A nomogram for predicting feasibility of laparoscopic anterior resection with trans-rectal specimen extraction (NOSES) in patients with upper rectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhen-yu , Zhu Zhe , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ni Li , Lu Bing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLaparoscopic anterior resection with trans-rectal specimen extraction (NOSES) has been demonstrated as a safe and effective technique in selected patients with upper rectal cancer (RC). However, improper selection of RC candidates for NOSES may lead to complications such as bacteria contamination and anastomotic leak. Unfortunately, no tools are available for evaluating the risk and excluding improper cases before surgery. This study aims to investigate independent clinical-pathological predictors for selection of candidates for NOSES surgery in upper RC and to develop a validated scoring nomogram to facilitate clinical decision making.MethodsThe study was performed at Shanghai East hospital, a tertiary medical center and teaching hospital. A consecutive and eligible serial of 111 patients with upper RC underwent elective laparoscopic anterior resection with or without NOSES between February and October of 2017. Multivariate analyses were performed to compare characteristics between the two surgical techniques. Odds ratios (OR) were determined by logistic regression analyses to identify and quantify the ability of predictors for selection of NOSES. The nomogram was constructed and characterized by c-index, calibration, bootstrapping validation, ROC curve analysis, and decision curve analysis.ResultsUpper RC patients with successful NOSES tended to be featured with female gender, negative preoperative CEA/CA19-9, decreased mesorectum length (MRL)，ratio of diameter (ROD) and ratio of area (ROA) values, while no significant correlations were observed with age, body mass index (BMI), tumor location, and tumor-related biological characteristics (ie., vascular invasion, lymph node count, TNM stages). The nomogram incorporating three independent preoperative predictors including gender, CEA status and ROD achieved a high c-index of 0.814 and considerable reliability, accuracy and clinical net benefit.ConclusionsNOSES for patients with upper RC is multifactorial. The first nomogram is useful for proper patient selection in the future.
Half Fluence Photodynamic Therapy in Peripapillary Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangiomas
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kumar Poninder , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Jhanwar Mayank , Gupta Arun , Sathagopam Srikanth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of half fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) as treatment for symptomatic peripapillary circumscribed choroidal haemangiomas (CCHs). MethodsIn this prospective, interventional case series; 11 patients with symptomatic peripapillary CCHs presenting to a single centre were treated with half fluence PDT using verteporfin 6 mg/m2 with fluence of 25 mJ/cm2 (standard is 50 mJ/cm2) and other standard settings. Patients were evaluated at baseline, four weeks, twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks post-PDT treatment with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ultrasonography, spectral domain- optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), visual evoked potential and angiographic studies. ResultsEleven patients with peripapillary CCHs received half fluence PDT. The BCVA significantly improved to 0.558 + 0.118 at four weeks post treatment (P=0.014), to 0.494 + 0.114 at twelve weeks (P=0.006) and 0.441 + 0.125 at twenty-four weeks (P=0.007) from baseline levels of 1.017 + 0.075 on log MAR scales. Similar improvement was observed in central macular thickness (CMT) of 78.50 + 13.73 um(P=0.001) at four weeks; 114.70 + 27.73 um(P=0.003) at twelve weeks and 174.60 + 23.13 um(P=0.001) at twenty-four weeks post treatment. A single session of re-treatment was required in 18%(n=2) of patients which also showed complete resolution at last follow-up. No complications were observed without any significant change in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness at six months follow-up(P=0.088).ConclusionsHalf fluence PDT can be an effective and safe treatment option for peripapillary CCHs which results in both anatomical and functional improvements with no observable complications.
Impaired neuro-motor control in chronic whiplash and tension-type headache
Authors: Astrup Jens , Gyntelberg Finn , Johansen Anne-Marie , Lei Anders , Marott Jacob Louis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to support the hypothesis that the neuro-motor control of the neck muscles is impaired in the diseases of chronic whiplash and tension-type headache. This hypothesis is based on a previous study, and if confirmed, it indicates that the central nervous system may be part of the pathophysiology of these diseases. For further verification, we designed a laser tracking method for standardized and quantitative measurements of movements of head and hand. The hand was included as a presumed normal reference to the head movements.MethodsA new laser tracking instrument was designed to monitor the ability of a test-person to track a reference point on the wall by a laser fixed to the forehead or held in the hand. The reference point moves in runs of a circle or a square at three different speeds 10, 20 or 30 cm/sec thus providing 6 runs for both head and hand per test-person. We used a 1x1x1 m set-up geometry. The data of each run was processed on-line. Groups of 22 patients diagnosed with chronic whiplash associated disorder, 19 patients diagnosed with chronic tension-type headache and 37 control persons were compared.FindingsA small but highly significant dyscoordination of head movements was observed in both patients groups, and in whiplash also of the hand. InterpretationOur study confirms the hypothesis that the neuro-motor control of the neck muscles is impaired in both chronic whiplash and tension-type headache. In our view this observation implicates that the central nervous system may be involved in the primary pathology of both these diseases. Accordingly, we suggest a provisional term 'cervical dyssynergia' for these diseases, and suggest further studies along this paradigm.
First Report of the Complete Genome Sequences of Anemone Mosaic Virus and Ranunculus Mild Mosaic Virus Isolated From Anemone Imported From the Netherlands
Authors: Imamura Yuya , Oishi Moritsugu , Fujiwara Yuji , Yanagisawa Hironobu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The anemone mosaic virus (AnMV) and ranunculus mild mosaic virus (RanMMV) infects the anemone plant with characteristic mosaic patterns on leaves. Two complete genome sequences of the two viruses imported from the Netherlands, were determined based on deep sequencing for the first time. Each of AnMV and RanMMV had 9,698 and 9,537 nucleotides (nt), excluding the poly(A) tail. They shared 80.0% nt/amino acid (aa) sequence identities or more, which are above the species demarcation value, with only AnMV and RanMMV reported previously in coat protein region, but having 68.0% nt/aa sequence identities or less with other potyviruses in each coding region of the complete sequences. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis showed that AnMV and RanMMV were included in other known potyviruses. These results suggest that both of AnMV and RanMMV were independent species belonging to the genus Potyvirus.
HBME1 and CK19 in Non-Invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) vs Other Follicular Patterned Thyroid Lesions.
Authors: Sadiq Qandeel , Sekhri Radhika , Dibaba Daniel , Zhao Qi , Agarwal Shweta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Thyroid neoplasms with follicular architecture can have overlapping morphologic features and pose diagnostic confusion amongst pathologists. Various immunohistochemical stains have been investigated as potential diagnostic markers for PTC; amongst which HBME1 and CK19 have gained popularity. Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) poses similar diagnostic challenges with interobserver variability and is often misdiagnosed as adenomatoid nodule or follicular adenoma. This study aims to evaluate expression of HBME1 and CK19 in NIFTPs in comparison to other well differentiated thyroid neoplasms and benign mimickers. Method: 73 thyroid cases diagnosed over a period of 3 years at Methodist University Hospital, Memphis, TN were included in this study: 9 NIFTP, 18 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 11 follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, invasive (I-FVPTC), 24 follicular adenomas (FA), and 11 multinodular goiters/ adenomatoid nodules (MNG). A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed and HBME1 and CK19 IHC was performed.Results: HBME1 was expressed in 77.8% NIFTPs, 88.9% PTC, 81.8% I-FVPTC, 16.7 % FA, and 18.2% MNGs. CK19 expression was seen in 66.7% NIFTPs, 83.3% PTC, 81.8% I-FVPTC, 33.3% FA and 45.4% MNGs. Difference in expression of HBME1 and CK19 was statistically significant for NIFTP vs FA (qualitative; p<0.05) and NIFTP vs MNG (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found for HBME1 in NIFTP vs PTC (conventional and FVPTC), p>/= 0.2. Sensitivity of HBME1 and CK19 for NIFTP were 78% and 67%, ~88% each for PTC, and 89% and 100% for FVPTC respectively, while specificity of HBME1 and CK19 for NIFTP were 53% each, ~62% each for PTC and ~55% each for FVPTC. Conclusion: Our study indicated that HBME1 and CK19 are valuable markers in differentiating NIFTPs from morphologic mimics like follicular adenoma and adenomatoid nodules/ multinodular goiter. While HBME1 and CK19 are both sensitive in diagnosing lesions with PTC like nuclear features, CK19 stains a higher number of benign lesions in comparison to HBME1. No increase in sensitivity or specificity in diagnosis of NIFTP, PTC or FVPTC was noted on combining the two antibodies.
Screening and Identification of Ovulation-Inducing Regulatory Factors in Bactrian Camel
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Quan wei , Gan Ze , Li Hai jiang , Li Yi na , Zhao Xing xu , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Camelidae are inducing ovulators, ovulation is tightly regulated by multiple factors, and understanding the biological mechanisms underlying follicular development, hormone secretion and ovulation requires investigation of the potential molecular pathways. However, little is known about the pathways of these factors in the camel. To screening and identification candidate biomarkers after inducing ovulators in ovary.Methods: In this paper, the quantitative proteomics method iTRAQ analysis technology was used to analyze the proteomic differences of ovarian before and after induced ovulation in Bactrian camels. The differentially expressed protein was validated by Western blot, qRT-PCR and Immunofluorescence staining analysis.Results: A total of 5,075 ovarian expressed proteins were detected, and 404 proteins were differentially expressed (264 up-regulated, 140 down-regulated) in samples from treated versus control camels. Gene ontology annotation identified potential functions of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). We validated the differential expression for a subset of these proteins using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Three DEPs (FST, NR5A1 and PRL) were involved in neurochemical signal transduction, endocrine and reproductive hormones regulatory processes. KEGG analysis indicated the involvement of several pathways, such as calcium, cAMP, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, MAPK, and neuroactive ligand-receptor signaling pathways, further suggesting that the induced ovulation process depends on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Conclusions: This study is the first to perform quantitative proteomic investigation by iTRAQ labeling and LC-MS/MS to identify differentially expressed proteins induced ovulation in Bactrian camels. Our study has revealed distinct molecular functions and metabolic pathways that are active during reproduction in Bactrian camels. These results have demonstrated the pivotal role played by 3 DEPs in the modulation and activation of the reproductive axis during induced ovulation in the Bactrian camel, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying potential mechanism of ovary development and ovulation.
Lung in chronic autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity – how to separate these from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Popper Helmut H. , Stacher-Priehse Elvira , Brcic Luka , Rammp Florian , Nerlich Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Lung involvement in autoimmune disease (AID) is not uncommon, and may precede other organ manifestations. The histologic pattern is variable and difficult to interpret. Another problem was recently encountered: chronicity presenting with fibrosing pneumonia. This resulted that patients with chronic AID and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) were excluded from antifibrotic therapy. Creating a new category of UIP with autoimmune features (IPAF) for patients with AID enabled treatment for these patients. This however raised the opinion, that a pathological investigation for the underlying disease is not necessary.
Results

We retrospectively evaluated 66 cases of AID, 31 cases of hypersensitivity pneumonias (HP), and 10 clinically confirmed usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF) cases. 12 additional cases could not be assigned into any of these categories. Acute AID presented with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, immune complex deposition, cytotoxicity for specific cell compartments, and alveolar hemorrhage. Subacute patterns most often presented with organizing pneumonia, whereas chronic pattern most often presented as UIP. Granulomas were present in some patients. UIP pattern was the most common presentation in chronic AID and HP, whereas NSIP was rather rare.
Conclusion

The most important, statistically significant feature differentiating chronic AID or HP, from UIP/IPF are lymphocytic infiltrations into myofibroblastic foci. Other features such as granulomas, Langhans giant cells, and protein deposits were significantly associated with AID and HP, but were not encountered in all cases. This study demonstrated that the morphological analysis can uncover the possible etiology in many cases, and a more specific diagnosis can be provided to the clinicians.
A Comparison between Total Intravenous Anaesthesia Using Propofol plus Remifentanil and Propofol plus Sevoflurane in Children undergoing Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy：A Randomized, Single-Blind Study
Authors: Chen Fang , Wang Zhuli , Huang Bingwu , Lu Jiachao , Chen Mengmeng , Zeng Ruifeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFibreoptic bronchoscopy is an important used to evaluate and manage paediatric patients with respiratory disease.This study aimed to compare the effect of two different anaesthesia methods, propofol combined with remifentanil and propofol combined with sevoflurane, on children undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).Method:Sixty children were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. In the remifentanil group (Group R), the patients were induced with 4 mg•kg− 1 propofol + 4 µg•kg− 1 remifentanil (slow intravenous injection) and maintained with 0.3–0.5 µg•kg− 1•min− 1 remifentanil. In the sevoflurane group (Group S), the patients were induced with 2 mg•kg− 1 propofol and 8% sevoflurane and maintained with 4–6 vol% sevoflurane. Heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored and recorded at four time points: baseline (T0), when the bronchoscope reached glottis (T1), the time of lavage (T2), and the time of brush biopsy (T3). Waking time and the satisfaction score of physicians were recorded, and emergence agitation (EA) was evaluated in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Finally, any supplementary medicine or adverse events were also recorded.ResultsCompared with group S, the waking time was significantly shorter and the incidence of EA was significantly lower in Group R. During bronchoscopy, significant differences in MAP or HR were not observed between the two groups at T0. Compared with group S, the HR of group R was significantly decreased at T1, T2 and T3, and MAP was significantly decreased at T1, but the fluctuation range was within 20% of the baseline. A significant difference in SpO2 was not observed between the two groups at any time point. No significant differences in the operation time of FOB, the incidence of complications, such as moving, hypoxemia, bronchospasm, and bucking, or the level of satisfaction were observed between the two groups.ConclusionsTotal intravenous anaesthesia using propofol plus remifentanil in children undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy potentially reduces the waking time and decreases the incidence of EA to improve the work efficiency and turnover rate of the outpatient operating room.Trial registrationRegistered at the China Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) (ChiCTR1900026098).