bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SBT (Sense Before Transmit) Based LTE Licenced Assisted Access for 5 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum
Authors: Reddy S. Reddy Vamshidhar , Roy Sanjay Dhar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUtilization of unlicensed spectrum under licensed assisted access ensuring fair co-existence with Wi-Fi networks is a good solution to address immense usage of mobile data. Radio communication operation of LTE in unlicensed frequency band is referred as LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U) or LTE-licensed assisted access. In this paper, we consider a HGNW in which coverage area of Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi)’s Access Point is integrated within the LTE-U small base station’s cellular network coverage area. To overcome the disadvantages of existing LTE-U technics like carrier sense adaptive transmission and listen before talk, we proposed a new methodology i.e., sense before transmit in this paper by adopting a transmit power control mechanisms using reciprocity theorem based on the channel state information to assign the secondary carriers in the uplink as well as in the downlink directions in the unlicensed spectrum to carry the traffic. In our proposal, LTE-U users are allowed to use the unlicensed spectrum provided that the interference produced at Wi-Fi users due to LTE-U activities is remained below a certain threshold. We evaluated the performance of proposed network model in terms of outage probability and achievable throughputs.
Metabolic signatures of osteoarthritis in urine using liquid chromatography‐high resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Abdelrazig Salah , Ortori Catharine A. , Doherty Michael , Valdes Ana M. , Chapman Victoria , Barrett David A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of disability in older people, but its aetiology is not yet fully understood. Biomarkers of OA from metabolomics studies have shown potential use in understanding the progression and pathophysiology of OA.

Objectives
To investigate possible surrogate biomarkers of knee OA in urine using metabolomics to contribute towards a better understanding of OA progression and possible targeted treatment.

Method
Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was applied in a case–control approach to explore the possible metabolic differences between the urinary profiles of symptomatic knee OA patients (n = 74) (subclassified into inflammatory OA, n = 22 and non-inflammatory OA, n = 52) and non-OA controls (n = 68). Univariate, multivariate and pathway analyses were performed with a rigorous validation including cross-validation, permutation test, prediction and receiver operating characteristic curve to identify significantly altered metabolites and pathways in OA.

Results
OA datasets generated 7405 variables and multivariate analysis showed clear separation of inflammatory OA, but not non-inflammatory OA, from non-OA controls. Adequate cross-validation (R2Y = 0.874, Q2 = 0.465) was obtained. The prediction model and the ROC curve showed satisfactory results with a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 71% and accuracy of 77%. 26 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of inflammatory OA using HMDB, authentic standards and/or MS/MS database.

Conclusion
Urinary metabolic profiles were altered in inflammatory knee OA subjects compared to those with non-inflammatory OA and non-OA controls. These altered profiles associated with perturbed activity of the TCA cycle, pyruvate and amino acid metabolism linked to inflammation, oxidative stress and collagen destruction. Of note, 2-keto-glutaramic acid level was > eightfold higher in the inflammatory OA patients compared to non-OA control, signalling a possible perturbation in glutamine metabolism related to OA progression.
Weight bearing versus conventional CT for the measurement of patellar alignment and stability in patients after surgical treatment for patellar recurrent dislocation
Authors: Lullini Giada , Belvedere Claudio , Busacca Maurizio , Moio Antonio , Leardini Alberto , Caravelli Silvio , Maccaferri Bruna , Durante Stefano , Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare weight-bearing cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) and conventional computer tomography (CT)-based measurements of patellofemoral alignment and stability in patients surgically treated for recurrent patellar dislocation. These scans implied respectively single-leg up-right posture, the knee flexed, and lower limb muscles activation, versus supine position with the knee extended.

Methods
A total of 17 patients (11 males/6 females) after surgical reconstruction with fascia lata allograft for recurrent patellofemoral dislocation were analyzed at 60-month follow-up. Tilt and congruence angles and tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT-TG) offset were measured on images obtained from CBCT and conventional CT scans by three independent and expert radiologists. Paired t tests were performed to compare measurements obtained from the two scans. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using a two-way mixed-effects model intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
Only TT-TG offset was found significantly smaller (p < 0.001) in CBCT (mean 9.9 ± 5.3 mm) than in conventional CT (mean 15.9 ± 4.9 mm) scans. ICC for tilt and congruence angles and for TT-TG offset ranged between 0.80–0.94 with measurements in CBCT scans, between 0.52 and0.78 in conventional CT.

Conclusion
In patients surgically treated for recurrent patellar dislocation, TT-TG offset was found overestimated with conventional CT. All measurements of patellofemoral stability and alignment were found more consistent when obtained with weight-bearing CBCT compared to conventional CT.
Emerging Market Multinational Family Business Groups and the Use of Family Managers in Foreign Subsidiaries
Authors: Chung Hsi-Mei , Dahms Sven , Kao Pao T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the internationalization behavior of Emerging Market Family Business Groups (EFBGs) and their strategic usage of family managers in foreign subsidiaries facing uncertainty due to institutional differences. Informed by the resource-based view of the firm and by institutional theory, we hypothesize that family managers are an EFBGs-specific resource used to mitigate institutional uncertainty caused by larger institutional distances occurring between home and host countries. Moreover, family managers are used differently depending on the regional focus of the EFBGs, which further strengthens the critical role that family manager’s play in management and control across the business groups. We employ 5-year panel data on Taiwanese EFBGs, and our results indicate that family managers tend to be assigned by EFBGs with stronger operations outside the home region, and in foreign subsidiaries where strong differences in regulative and cognitive institution may exist. We contribute to the continuing understanding of family ownership in the management of EFBGs, and the research of internationalization of firms on managing foreign subsidiaries.
An Adaptable Framework for Factors Contributing to Medication Adherence: Results from a Systematic Review of 102 Conceptual Frameworks
Authors: Peh Kai Qi Elizabeth , Kwan Yu Heng , Goh Hendra , Ramchandani Hasna , Phang Jie Kie , Lim Zhui Ying , Loh Dionne Hui Fang , Østbye Truls , Blalock Dan V. , Yoon Sungwon , Bosworth Hayden Barry , Low Lian Leng , Thumboo Julian 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Objective
To summarize the available conceptual models for factors contributing to medication adherence based on the World Health Organization (WHO)’s five dimensions of medication adherence via a systematic review, identify the patient groups described in available conceptual models, and present an adaptable conceptual model that describes the factors contributing to medication adherence in the identified patient groups.

Methods
We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and PsycINFO® for English language articles published from inception until 31 March 2020. Full-text original publications in English that presented theoretical or conceptual models for factors contributing to medication adherence were included. Studies that presented statistical models were excluded. Two authors independently extracted the data.

Results
We identified 102 conceptual models, and classified the factors contributing to medication adherence using the WHO’s five dimensions of medication adherence, namely patient-related, medication-related, condition-related, healthcare system/healthcare provider-related, and socioeconomic factors. Eight patient groups were identified based on age and disease condition. The most universally addressed factors were patient-related factors. Medication-related, condition-related, healthcare system-related, and socioeconomic factors were represented to various extents depending on the patient group. By systematically examining how the WHO’s five dimensions of medication adherence were applied differently across the eight different patient groups, we present a conceptual model that can be adapted to summarize the common factors contributing to medication adherence in different patient groups.

Conclusion
Our conceptual models can be utilized as a guide for clinicians and researchers in identifying the facilitators and barriers to medication adherence and developing future interventions to improve medication adherence.

Protocol Registration
PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020181316
In education we trust: on handling the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Swedish welfare state
Authors: Lindblad Sverker , Lindqvist Anders , Runesdotter Caroline , Wärvik Gun-Britt 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKeeping schools open was an active strategy in Sweden to meet the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article we analyze how a collection of welfare state agents with different tasks, resources and interests in interaction formed an assemblage in their responses to the pandemic and how education thereby became part of a strategy to keep the society going. The inquiries concern what this tells us about education as framed and constrained as a part of society. Our observations are based on statements presented by the government and public agencies, mass media and websites. We identified an assemblage of interwoven agents such as institutions, laws, regulations and recommendations, pandemic manuals, statistics and media. All these were brought together by actions and ideas to handle a pandemic when there were no preventive vaccines. The overarching principle was to educate the population to competent actions in dealing with the pandemic. To keep schools open was part of that principle combined with caretaking ambitions. This assemblage looked like a centralistic machine but it was not; risks were pushed back to local authorities and schools. In conclusion, we note that education is vital in the overarching strategy to deal with the pandemic in Sweden in terms of trust in people and governmentality.
Embedding Theorems and Area Operators on Bergman Spaces with Doubling Measure
Authors: Pang Changbao , Perälä Antti , Wang Maofa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe establish an embedding theorem for the weighted Bergman spaces induced by a positive Borel measure $$d\omega (y)dx$$

d
ω
(
y
)
d
x

with the doubling property $$\omega (0,2t)\le C\omega (0,t)$$

ω
(
0
,
2
t
)
≤
C
ω
(
0
,
t
)

. The characterization is given in terms of Carleson squares on the upper half-plane. As special cases, our result covers the standard weights and logarithmic weights. As an application, we also establish the boundedness of the area operator.
What factors condition the financial viability of sheltered employment centres? Empirical evidence
Authors: Gelashvili Vera , Segovia-Vargas María-Jesús , Camacho-Miñano María-del-Mar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNowadays, employment is a challenge for people but more for disabled ones. Prior literature shows that, at a European level, there are different ways for people with disabilities to find a job, such as a quota system, sheltered workshops, supported employment, etc. In Spain, sheltered employment centres are prototypes of sheltered workshops aimed at integrating more people with disabilities into the workplace. This research project aims to give visibility to these firms and to gain an understanding of their economic and financial situation. Using the whole sample of sheltered employment centres in Spain, and their financial data from 2004 to 2016, we show which variables explain their viability. Additionally, in light of the imminent worldwide crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, we want to test the impact of the last economic crisis on the profitability of sheltered employment centres. The main contribution of this study is that the size of these companies, age, financial risk and sales growth, are determining factors for their profitability. And, the economic and financial crisis has conditioned the viability of sheltered employment centres as many firms on the market registered a decrease in their profitability in the years following the crisis but survived. This study helps to shed light on the economic and financial situation of this kind of firms as well as their social visibility.
Sociodemographic and Psychological Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression: Findings from the Covid-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland on Mental Health (CHARIS-MH) Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Hubbard Gill , den Daas Chantal , Johnston Marie , Dixon Diane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Investigations about mental health report prevalence rates with fewer studies investigating psychological and social factors influencing mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. Study aims: (1) identify sociodemographic groups of the adult population at risk of anxiety and depression and (2) determine if the following social and psychological risk factors for poor mental health moderated these direct sociodemographic effects: loneliness, social support, threat perception, illness representations.

Methods
Cross-sectional nationally representative telephone survey in Scotland in June 2020. If available, validated instruments were used, for example, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. Simple linear regressions followed by examination of moderation effect.

Results
A total of 1006 participants; median age 53 years, 61.4% female, from all levels of area deprivation (i.e., 3.8% in the most deprived decile and 15.6% in the most affluent decile). Analyses show associations of anxiety and depression with sociodemographic (age, gender, deprivation), social (social support, loneliness) and psychological factors (perceived threat and illness representations). Mental health was poorer in younger adults, women and people living in the most deprived areas. Age effects were exacerbated by loneliness and illness representations, gender effects by loneliness and illness representations and deprivation effects by loneliness, social support, illness representations and perceived threat. In each case, the moderating variables amplified the detrimental effects of the sociodemographic factors.

Conclusions
These findings confirm the results of pre-Covid-19 pandemic studies about associations between sociodemographics and mental health. Loneliness, lack of social support and thoughts about Covid-19 exacerbated these effects and offer pointers for pre-emptive action.
Avenues for improving farming sustainability assessment with upgraded tools, sustainability framing and indicators. A review
Authors: Chopin Pierre , Mubaya Chipo P. , Descheemaeker Katrien , Öborn Ingrid , Bergkvist Göran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sustainability of agriculture is questioned due to major negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts. To improve the state of agriculture, various management changes have been proposed. Different tools, with varying characteristics, sustainability framing and indicators, have been used to evaluate the impact of these changes on sustainability. Here, we review 119 tools for farm sustainability assessment and compare their use, sustainability dimensions, themes and types of indicators used for biodiversity conservation, farm viability and gender equity. Our main findings are that (1) tools could be classified into five groups that differ in stakeholder participation and model used for calculating sustainability, (2) seven different sustainability framings are used and (3) only two out of 29 indicators screened address impacts of farming system while the others address drivers, pressures or states of the system. The tools were grouped in “Long-term monitoring of farm activities” (11%), “Ex-ante assessment of sustainability with bioeconomic models” (9%), “Survey- and indicator-based assessment of tools” (41%), “Consultation-based assessment” (25%) and “Active engagement of stakeholder-based assessment” (14%). The “classical view of sustainability”, with the economic, social and environmental pillars, was used in 61% of the papers. Based on these findings, we suggest (1) development of temporal dynamic assessment of farm sustainability with active involvement of stakeholders in the framing of sustainability and design of indicators to achieve reliable and relevant assessment outcomes. We recommend (2) adoption of more complex sustainability framings dealing with emerging system properties, namely resilience, viability and stability. In these, (3) governance/institutional dimensions should be emphasised, and social themes targeting farmers’ characteristics should be included. Finally, (4) use of impact indicators in farm sustainability assessments is critical, and they should be designed to contribute to scientifically rigorous and relevant assessments of farming system sustainability.
Isolated partial tear of extensor digitorum longus tendon with overlying muscle herniation in acute ankle sports injury: role of high resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound
Authors: Deka Jeena Bordoloi , Deka Nilim Kumar , Shah Mohit V. , Bortolotto Chandra , Draghi Ferdinando , Jimenez Fernando 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLateral Ankle sprain is a common sports-related trauma with the mechanism of injury ranging from inversion to plantar flexion. These injuries commonly affect the ligaments but can also affect the associated soft tissue structures like the eversion muscles and tendons. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of such injuries is warranted so as to ensure early return to play and prevent long-term complications. Lateral ankle sprain injuries in sports may not always be associated with ligament injuries. We report a never before reported case of lateral ankle sprain injury in a soccer player with the unusual finding of isolated partial tear of Extensor digitorum longus muscle and its fascia leading to myo-fascial herniation. The lateral ankle ligaments were intact. The diagnosis was clinched on a high-frequency ultrasound scan supported by dynamic maneuvers which in fact proved to be superior to MRI as the latter failed to demonstrate the myo-fascial herniation in our case. We therefore propose that real-time ultrasound scanning with dynamic maneuvers should be the first line of investigation to assess sports injuries in anatomically complex joints like the ankle.
Using artificial neural networks for GNSS observations analysis and displacement prediction of suspension highway bridge
Authors: Beshr Ashraf A. A. , Zarzoura Fawzi H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBridges are playing a major role in the socio-economic development of any country over the world. Suspension highway bridges are one of the most sensitive structures to various external influences and loads. Therefore, the need for structural monitoring system, maintenance, and deformation prediction for these structures is important and vital. One of the main objectives of monitoring the structural deformation is predicting the deformation values, which will help to avoid sudden failure and accidents in the future. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) have proven successful solution in many engineering applications and problems. This paper investigates an integrated monitoring system using GNSS observations for studying the deformation behavior and displacement prediction for suspension highway bridge, taking into consideration the effect of wind, temperature, humidity and traffic loads during the operational and short-term measurements. Due to the complexity of the mathematical processing of large GNSS monitoring data for obtaining reliable results, adequate model of several alternatives should be chosen. One of the main objectives of this paper is to investigate the optimum predictive model for analysis of GNSS observations and displacement prediction. Several models are applied and compared for prediction of suspension bridge displacement for both kinematic and dynamic models. The resulting predicted displacement values by applying artificial neural networks (ANNs) and ANFIS provide a significant improvement for predicting the structure deformation values for suspension highway bridges from GNSS observations.
Novel Application and Validation of a Method to Assess Visual Impacts of Rotating Wind Turbine Blades Within Woodland Areas
Authors: Nopp-Mayr U. , Kunz F. , Suppan F. , Schöll E. , Coppes J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreasing numbers of wind power plants (WPP) are constructed across the globe to reduce the anthropogenic contribution to global warming. There are, however, concerns on the effects of WPP on human health as well as related effects on wildlife. To address potential effects of WPP in environmental impact assessments, existing models accounting for shadow flickering and noise are widely applied. However, a standardized, yet simple and widely applicable proxy for the visibility of rotating wind turbines in woodland areas was largely lacking up to date. We combined land cover information of forest canopy extracted from orthophotos and airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) data to represent the visibility of rotating wind turbines in five woodland study sites with a high spatial resolution. Performing an in-situ validation in five study areas across Europe which resulted in a unique sample of 1738 independent field observations, we show that our approach adequately predicts from where rotating wind turbine blades are visible within woodlands or not. We thus provide strong evidence, that our approach yields a valuable proxy of the visibility of moving rotor blades with high resolution which in turn can be applied in environmental impact assessments of WPP within woodlands worldwide.
Wie Hassenstein und Ravenstein Opfer des Gletscherrückgangs wurden
Authors: Crom Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungCartographers are rarely honoured by the use of their name as a toponym (proper name of a topographic object). On Kilimanjaro, however, the first climber and geographer, Hans Meyer, commemorated two outstanding contemporaries known in cartography, Ravenstein and Hassenstein. He named lava rocks after them which protruded from their embrace of ice.