bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic chromatin packing of 3D mitotic chromosomes revealed by coherent X-rays
Authors: Sung Daeho , Lim Chan , Takagi Masatoshi , Jung Chulho , Lee Heemin , Cho Do Hyung , Shin Jae-Yong , Ahn Kangwoo , Hwang Junha , Nam Daewoong , Kohmura Yoshiki , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Noh Do Young , Imamoto Naoko , Jeon Jae-Hyung , Song Changyong 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceThe structural link between meter-long DNA molecules and chromosomes a few microns in size and their highly space-effective and fault-free packing and unpacking mechanisms remain a puzzle. This research addressed this fundamental issue by resolving a three-dimensional (3D) structure of human chromosomes using cryogenic coherent X-ray diffraction tomography. Structures of metaphase chromosomes, preserved in a frozen hydrated condition, with quantitative details on 3D electron density distributions were obtained at nanometer-scale resolution. The geometrical analysis of the 3D structures with the statistical modeling unveils that the stochastic process is the essence of the structure formation. While supporting the structural analysis, molecular dynamics simulations further elucidate the critical role of short-range attraction between chromatins and DNA-binding proteins in forming micrometer-sized chromosomes.
DNA self-organization controls valence in programmable colloid design
Authors: McMullen Angus , Hilgenfeldt Sascha , Brujic Jasna 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Controlling valence is a prerequisite for making materials of arbitrary complexity by design. Previously, solid patchy particles were explicitly engineered to define the valence and geometry of a given assembly. By contrast, this work demonstrates how mobile DNA linkers self-organize at the interface between colloidal droplets into a well-defined number of adhesive patches, that is, valence, to create order on much longer length scales. Our experiments and analytical theory are in excellent agreement, demonstrating that this valence is a thermodynamic equilibrium state, which is tuned by experimental control parameters, such as the number of DNAs, the mechanical properties of DNA, and the patch geometry.
Probing the electronic properties of the electrified silicon/water interface by combining simulations and experiments
Authors: Ye Zifan , Prominski Aleksander , Tian Bozhi , Galli Giulia 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Probing electrified interfaces is critical to understanding a myriad of phenomena relevant to transient electronics, photoelectrochemical modulation of biological cells and tissues, and photoelectrocatalysis. However, it remains challenging to devise atomistic models of electrified interfaces that can be used to predict electrochemical processes at the microscopic scale. We present a theoretical study of the hydrogenated silicon/water interface, validated by experiments, and we show that by performing quantum simulations and electronic structure calculations based on first principles one can reliably predict capacitive and Faradaic currents at the electrified interface. Our combined simulation and experimental strategy provide a protocol to understand, at the atomistic level, several properties of Si-based electrochemical or photoelectrochemical devices of interest to transient electronics and biomodulation applications.
A solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency up to 0.26% achieved in ambient conditions
Authors: Ye Yu-Xin , Pan Jinhui , Shen Yong , Shen Minhui , Yan Huijie , He Jian , Yang Xin , Zhu Fang , Xu Jianqiao , He Jianguo , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Artificial photosynthesis is a straightforward and environmentally friendly way to convert solar energy into chemical energies. The frequently studied solar-to-chemical conversion (SCC) systems are photocatalytic water splitting and nitrogen fixation. However, special facilities and equipment are always required to ensure efficiency and safety in these two SCC systems. Artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide is emerging as a promising alternative SCC protocol. Here, we successfully mimic the NADP-mediated photosynthetic processes in green plants by introducing redox moieties as the electron acceptors in the present conjugated polymeric photocatalyst. An unprecedented SCC efficiency is achieved under ambient conditions, which is more than two times higher than the average solar-to-biomass conversion efficiency in nature (0.1%).
Covariant origin of the U(1)3 model for Euclidean quantum gravity
Authors: Bakhoda S , Thiemann T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
If one replaces the constraints of the Ashtekar–Barbero SU(2) gauge theory formulation of Euclidean gravity by their U(1)3 version, one arrives at a consistent model which captures significant structures of its SU(2) version. In particular, it displays a non-trivial realisation of the hypersurface deformation algebra which makes it an interesting testing ground for (Euclidean) quantum gravity as has been emphasised in a recent series of papers due to Varadarajan et al. The simplification from SU(2) to U(1)3 can be performed simply by hand within the Hamiltonian formulation by dropping all non-abelian terms from the Gauss, spatial diffeomorphism, and Hamiltonian constraints respectively. However, one may ask from which Lagrangian formulation this theory descends. For the SU(2) theory it is known that one can choose the Palatini action, Holst action, or (anti-)selfdual action (Euclidean signature) as starting point all leading to equivalent Hamiltonian formulations. In this paper, we systematically analyse this question directly for the U(1)3 theory. Surprisingly, it turns out that the abelian analog of the Palatini or Holst formulation is a consistent but topological theory without propagating degrees of freedom. On the other hand, a twisted abelian analog of the (anti-)selfdual formulation does lead to the desired Hamiltonian formulation. A new aspect of our derivation is that we work with (1) half-density valued tetrads which simplifies the analysis, (2) without the simplicity constraint (which admits one undesired solution that is usually neglected by hand) and (3) without imposing the time gauge from the beginning. As a byproduct, we show that also the non-abelian theory admits a twisted (anti-)selfdual formulation. Finally, we also derive a pure connection formulation of Euclidean GR including a cosmological constant by extending previous work due to Capovilla, Dell, Jacobson, and Peldan which may be an interesting starting point for path integral investigations and displays (Euclidean) GR as a Yang–Mills theory with non-polynomial Lagrangian.
Intense XUV pulses from a compact HHG setup using a single harmonic
Authors: Kretschmar M , Vrakking M J J , Schütte B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report on a compact and spectrally intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) source, which is based on high-harmonic generation (HHG) driven by 395 nm pulses. In order to minimize the XUV virtual source size and to maximize the XUV flux, HHG is performed several Rayleigh lengths away from the driving laser focal plane in a high-density gas jet. As a result, a high focused XUV intensity of 5 × 1013 W cm−2 is achieved, using a beamline with a length of only two meters and a modest driving laser pulse energy of 3 mJ. The high XUV intensity is demonstrated by performing a nonlinear ionization experiment in argon, using an XUV spectrum that is dominated by a single harmonic at 22 eV. Ion charge states up to Ar3+ are observed, which requires the absorption of at least four XUV photons. The high XUV intensity and the narrow bandwidth are ideally suited for a variety of applications including photoelectron spectroscopy, the coherent control of resonant transitions and the imaging of nanoscale structures.
A novel improved cubature Kalman filter with adaptive generation of cubature points and weights for target tracking
Authors: Fu Hongpo , Cheng Yongmei , Cheng Cheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In nonlinear state estimation, the generation method of cubature points and weights of the classical cubature Kalman filter (CKF) limits its estimation accuracy. Inspired by this, in this paper, a novel improved CKF with adaptive generation of the cubature points and weights is proposed. Firstly, to improve the accuracy of the classical CKF while considering the calculation efficiency, we introduce a new high-degree cubature rule combining the third-order spherical rule and the sixth-degree radial rule. Next, in the new cubature rule, a novel method that can adaptively generate cubature points and weights based on the distance between the points and center point in the sense of the inner product is designed. We use the cosine similarity to quantify the distance. Then, based on that, a novel high-degree CKF (HCKF) is derived that uses much fewer points than other HCKFs. In the proposed filter, based on the actual dynamic filtering process, the simultaneous adaptive generation of cubature points and weight can make the filter reasonably distribute the cubature points and allocate the corresponding weights, which can obviously improve the approximate accuracy of the one-step state and measurement prediction. Finally, the superior performance of the proposed filter is demonstrated in a benchmark target-tracking model.
A comparative study of two-step anodization with one-step anodization at constant voltage
Authors: Zeng Huipeng , Li Chengyuan , Dan Yuxin , Lu Yishan , Sun Weidong , Zhang Shaoyu , Song Ye 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two-step anodization has been widely used because it can produce highly self-organized anodic TiO2 nanotubes, but the differences in morphology and current-time curve of one-step anodization and two-step anodization are rarely reported. Here, one-step anodization and two-step anodization were conducted at different voltages. By comparing the FESEM image of anodic TiO2 nanotubes fabricated by one-step anodization and two-step anodization, it was found that the variation of morphology characteristics is same with voltage. The distinction of morphology and current-time curve between one-step anodization and two-step anodization at the same voltage were analyzed: the nanotube average growth rate and porosity of two-step anodization are greater than that of one-step anodization. In the current-time curve, the duration of stage I and stage II in two-step anodization are significantly shorter than one-step anodization. The traditional field-assisted dissolution theory cannot explain the three stages of the current-time curves and their physics meaning under different voltages in the same fluoride electrolyte. Here, the distinction between one-step anodization and two-step anodization was clarified successfully by the theories of ionic current and electronic current and oxygen bubble mould.
X-ray high frequency pulse emission characteristic and application of CNT cold cathode x-ray source cathode x-ray source
Authors: Lai Sheng , Tang Xiaobin , Liu Yunpeng , Mu Junxu , Feng Zhaopeng , Miao Kai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) field-emission x-ray source has great potential in x-ray communication (XCOM) because of its controllable emission and instantaneous response. A novel voltage loading mode was proposed in this work to achieve high-frequency pulse x-ray emission. The characteristics of cathode current and pulse x-ray versus voltage, frequency, and pulse amplitude were studied, and XCOM data transmission experiment was carried out. Results showed that the CNT cold cathode x-ray source, as a communication signal source, could work in 1.05 MHz pulse emission frequency. When the grid voltage was higher than 470 V, the pulse x-ray waveform amplitude achieved peak, and the shape exhibited a pseudo square wave. The duty cycle of the x-ray waveform exceeded 50%, reaching 56% when the pulse frequency reached 1 MHz. In the XCOM data transmission experiment, the pulsed x-ray waveform was well consistent with the loading data signal voltage waveform under different pulse-emission frequencies. This work realized the x-ray high-frequency pulse emission of CNT cold cathode x-ray source and lays a foundation for the development and application of CNT cold cathode x-ray source in XCOM.
Fixed point behavior of cumulants in the three-dimensional Ising universality class
Authors: Pan Xue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
High-order cumulants and factorial cumulants of conserved charges are suggested for the study of the critical dynamics in heavy-ion collision experiments. In this paper, using the parametric representation of the three-dimensional Ising model which is believed to belong to the same universality class as quantum chromo-dynamics, the temperature dependence of the second- to fourth-order (factorial) cumulants of the order parameter is studied. It is found that the values of the normalized cumulants are independent of the external magnetic field at the critical temperature, which results in a fixed point in the temperature dependence of the normalized cumulants. In finite-size systems simulated using the Monte Carlo method, this fixed point behavior still exists at temperatures near the critical. This fixed point behavior has also appeared in the temperature dependence of normalized factorial cumulants from at least the fourth order. With a mapping from the Ising model to QCD, the fixed point behavior is also found in the energy dependence of the normalized cumulants (or fourth-order factorial cumulants) along different freeze-out curves.
A Study of Magnetized White Dwarf + Helium Star Binary Evolution to Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Cui Zhe , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The white dwarf (WD) + helium (He) star binary channel plays an important role in the single degenerate scenario for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Previous studies on the WD + main sequence star evolution have shown that the magnetic fields of WDs may significantly influence their accretion and nuclear burning processes. In this work we focus on the evolution of magnetized WD + He star binaries with detailed stellar evolution and binary population synthesis (BPS) calculations. In the case of magnetized WDs, the magnetic fields may disrupt the inner regions of the accretion disk, funnel the accretion flow onto the polar caps and even confine helium burning within the caps. We find that, for WDs with sufficiently strong magnetic fields, the parameter space of the potential SN Ia progenitor systems shrinks toward shorter orbital periods and lower donor masses compared with that in the non-magnetized WD case. The reason is that the magnetic confinement usually works with relatively high mass transfer rates, which can trigger strong wind mass loss from the WD, thus limiting the He-rich mass accumulation efficiency. The surviving companion stars are likely of low-mass at the moment of the SN explosions, which can be regarded as a possible explanation for the non-detection of surviving companions after the SNe or inside the SN remnants. However, the corresponding birthrate of Galactic SNe Ia in our high-magnetic models is estimated to be ∼(0.08–0.13) × 10−3 yr−1 ( ∼0.17–0.28 × 10−3 yr−1 for the non-magnetic models), significantly lower than the observed Galactic SN Ia birthrate.
Variability assessment of productivity traits and quality of berries in the genetic collection of garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) in the Orenburg region
Authors: Aminova E V , Salimova R R , Merezhko O E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nowadays the study of the interrelation of the genotype of strawberry plants in garden and climatic conditions is extremely relevant. Due to the various systems of genetic control and the modifying effects of growing conditions on the manifestation of quantitative traits, there is the need to assess the genotypic variability of economically valuable features, focused on the identification of genotypes characterized by stability and adaptive qualities in growing conditions. The study examined 15 varieties of garden strawberries of domestic and foreign selection. The field experiments and surveys were carried out according to the Program generally accepted in the Russian Federation and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. We studied such features as the number of peduncles (pcs/bush), number of berries (pcs/bush), average weight of berries (g), total and marketable yield (g/bush), sugar content in berries, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The purpose of this work was to assess the genotype-year interrelation in terms of the variability of productivity features and berry quality and to identify strawberry varieties with a stable genotype. As a result of two-way analysis of variance for the variety-year interrelation, the obtained values were 1.10-8.50 at standard Fst. - 1.24. Statistically important differences had indicators of productivity of a bush between the first and second clusters (t = 5.89 at p <0.01), the first and third (t = 15.83 at p <0.01), the second and third clusters (t = 8.13 at p <0.01), as well as the average berry weight between the first and third, second and third clusters (t = 15.50 and 6.99 at p <0.01, respectively). Significant differences in the value of the Euclidean distance were revealed for varieties Mishutka (54.5), Daryonka (54.5), Pervoklassnitsa (58) realizing their productivity potential in different years of cultivation.
Effective use of various forms of nitrogen fertilizers in barley cultivation
Authors: Bobrenko IA , Kormin V P , Goman N V , Popova V I , Boldysheva E P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to assess the use of various forms of nitrogen fertilizers (seedbed dressing and foliar dressing) in barley cultivation in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Omsk region. The research objects were barley, nitrogen fertilizers, ordinary steppe chernozem, forest-steppe meadow chernozem. Variety – Sasha. The most agronomic efficiency in the steppe zone, 5.52 kg of grain derived from 1 kg of fertilizer nitrogen, was yielded in response to the use of N30 in the form of ammonium nitrate and urea during sowing. N60 (seedbed dressing + foliar fertilizing) resulted in a reimbursement of 1 kg of fertilizer active agent in the maximum amount of 4.44 kg (ammonium nitrate + urea, ammonium nitrate + UAN). The greatest reimbursement in the forest-steppe zone, 11.11 kg of grain from 1 kg of fertilizer nitrogen, resulted from the use of N30 in the form of ammonium nitrate and UAN during sowing. N60 (seedbed dressing + foliar dressing) resulted in a reimbursement of 1 kg of active agent in the maximum amount of 11.11 kg of barley (ammonium nitrate + urea). The richest harvest of barley was taken in following seedbed dressing and supplementary fertilizing applied together during the growing season in a total dose of 60 kg/ha. In this case, the yield did not reliably depend on the forms of nitrogen fertilizers used; a greater effect resulted from nitrogen fertilizers in the forest-steppe zone.
Adaptation of microclones of blackberries to in vivo conditions
Authors: Titenkov A V , Lushpin M N , Lushpina T N , Kotsareva N V , Kryukov A N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of studying the effect of mineral fertilizing on rhizogenesis and the development of aboveground organs of regenerant plants of blackberry thornless adaptable to in vivo conditions in the laboratory of selection, vegetable growing and horticulture, cloning “UNITS” Agrotechnopark “of Belgorod State Agrarian University are presented. Regenerated plants of thornless blackberry cultivar Agavam were adapted to in vivo conditions in a peat-perlite mixture with the addition of microelements and growth regulator root 16 days earlier than in the control. An active growth of the aboveground part and roots of regenerated plants of thornless blackberry was noted on the 21st day, in the control - on the 42nd day after the start of adaptation. By the end of the rooting stage on the 24th day, the regenerant plants formed an aerial part of two pairs of leaves 22 mm high and a developed root system - 37 mm. The mineral and hormonal composition of nutrient media for the cultivation of thornless blackberries has been optimized, an effective combination of physical and chemical factors at different stages of micropropagation has been determined, which enhance the proliferation of shoots and roots, and the dependence of the efficiency of adaptation of regenerated plants to in vivo conditions has been established. Along with traditional breeding methods, new opportunities for solving the problem of thorn-free blackberry varieties are provided, along with traditional breeding methods, which make it possible to accelerate the process of obtaining valuable planting material to provide the population and the processing industry with valuable berry products.
Regeneration from leaf explants of steppe cherry (Prunus fruticosa Pall)
Authors: Plaksina T V , Mochalova O V , Borodulina I D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article represents data on morphogenesis from leaf explants of three steppe cherry genotypes, as well as the degree of somaclonal variability at in vitro and ex vitro stages, and in the field. It was revealed that a content of 6-benzylaminopurine, 4.43 μM, in combination with auxin, 0.5–0.6 μM, stimulates in the light the direct organogenesis in the tissues of the leaf base. This reaction was observed from 16.7 to 75.0% of explants, depending on the genotype. An equal 6-benzylaminopurine - auxin ratio (1: 1) led to the callus along with microshoots. Depending on the genotype, up to 30.0% of explants had such a mixed type of organogenesis. The mitotic index value in the apical leaflets differed depending on the day time. At the stage of micropropagation itself, an increase of the mitotic index was observed from 10 to 16 hours; at the stage ex vitro, no significant differences in the mitosis frequency were revealed within this time interval. No significant differences were found between the level of the mitotic index for plants obtained directly from leaves and those from buds. The mitosis passed without disturbances. No phenotypic changes in plant habit, shape and color of leaves were found.
Technical means for disinfection and processing of bedding manure into organic fertilizers
Authors: Guryanov D V , Khmyrov V D , Kudenko V B , Trufanov B S , Guryanova Yu V , Khatuntsev P Yu , Nuzhdova E N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Organic waste from agricultural production, bedding manure of cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, chickens and poultry litter when kept in cages are the main components for the production of organic fertilizers and biogas production. Waste of grain, cereal crops and sugar beets should be used as components for reducing moisture during aeration in piles, houses and bioreactors. Fresh organic waste should be stored on the sites in piles, where, before being processed in aeration houses and bioreactors, they must go through a mesophilic period. Fresh organic waste, when introduced into the soil in the first year, negatively affects the growth and development of plants, therefore, it must be disinfected and processed into organic fertilizers and biogas. Currently, the lack of knowledge about the methods of disinfection and processing of agricultural waste requires the development of new technological and technical solutions.