bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitising the National Collection
Authors: Cassar Anthony 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The digitisation of cultural heritage, particularly within national collections such as those of Heritage Malta, presents a blend of opportunities and challenges. The establishment of the Digitisation Unit has been pivotal in adopting 3D digitisation technology, which enhances the preservation and accessibility of the National Collection. However, the lack of common international standardised methodologies and procedures has led to inconsistencies in the quality and interoperability of 3D models.
This paper explores the critical differences between 2D and 3D digitisation, highlighting the advanced equipment and methodological complexities involved in 3D processes. It discusses the experiences faced during the digitisation of the National Collection, with a focus on item prioritisation and the need for robust strategies and standards. The importance of metadata and paradata, along with equipment and methodological challenges, are examined to illustrate the multifaceted nature of 3D digitisation. Despite these challenges, strategic actions such as developing internal guidelines, investing in storage solutions, and participating in initiatives like TwinIt! are identified as crucial for overcoming current barriers. The paper concludes that while the field of 3D digitisation is still evolving, the concerted efforts of institutions like Heritage Malta, coupled with ongoing innovations and standardisation efforts, hold promise for preserving and sharing cultural heritage with future generations, ensuring its accessibility and integrity in the digital age.
Dive into Heritage: Paradata and Metadata in an Immersive Digital Heritage Experience
Authors: Ammirati Luisa , Watrous Bethany , Ftaita Amira , Rigauts Thomas , de Gruchy Michelle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The importance of paradata and metadata in fully complying with FAIR data principles is clear, particularly within the context of 3D models that are shared online through platforms such as Sketchfab [1], where it is expected that other users will want to use/reuse the models.
Paradata and metadata serve crucial roles in elucidating the decision-making process behind the design and reconstruction of 3D models depicting historical sites or objects. The process of optimizing 3D models significantly impacts the documentary value and authenticity of the final model. Understanding the dynamics is essential for transparency and reliability in representing cultural heritage. At the same time, integrating metadata into an immersive web-based platform presents challenges as it risks disrupting the narrative flow.
This paper uses the case study of the UNESCO Dive into Heritage (DIH) project, which combines reused existing 3D models, newly acquired 3D data captured by UNESCO, and original 3D models by UNOSAT to create an immersive experience. This paper aims to start a discussion about best practices on the representation of paradata on websites like the DIH platform that will enrich the user experience while ensuring scholarly rigor and authenticity are maintained throughout the exploration of cultural heritage and their narratives.
Virtual Access to Fossil & Archival Material from the German Tendaguru Expedition (1909–1913): More Than 100 years of Data-Meta-paradata Management for Improved Standardisation
Authors: Depraetere Marin , Akhlaq Sara , Díaz Verónica Díez , Heumann Ina , Schwarz Daniela 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As the number of digital objects associated with scientific studies and collection objects of all kinds grows, the data associated with these digital objects must be standardised so that it is easily accessible, distributed to the greatest number of people, and archived in the best conditions on long term basis, and the associated studies are reproducible. This study proposes ideas for defining metadata and paradata connected with digital objects, specifically 3D models. Above all, it evaluates existing data standards in the field of natural collections, such as nomenclature codes (Zoological and Plants), the Darwin Core, ABCD, and LIDO data standards, as well as the FAIR and CARE principles that apply to such data. To that purpose, this work proposes methods for standardising the data created by digital objects in biological collections and, by extension, for 3D digital documentation of cultural resources. The DFG project “Research & Responsibility. Virtual access to fossils and archival material from the Tendaguru expedition” at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, is an excellent case study for this, as it encompasses more than 100 years of data-meta-paradata collection starting from the historic paleontological excavations (1909–1913) to the current digitization.
IDOVIR – A New Infrastructure for Documenting Paradata and Metadata of Virtual Reconstructions
Authors: Grellert Marc , Wacker Markus , Bruschke Jonas , Beck Daniel , Stille Wolfgang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the context of source-based virtual reconstructions and its underlying decision-making processes (paradata), there has been a long-time demand for documenting why a reconstruction was executed in a certain way, and presenting it in a comprehensible and public manner. Lacking documentation leads to a loss of knowledge and that the scientific nature of a reconstruction won’t be guaranteed anymore. Based on earlier prototypes, TU Darmstadt and HTW Dresden developed IDOVIR (Infrastructure for Documentation of Virtual Reconstructions) which enables the documentation of this kind of paradata and metadata, and, at the same time, supports communication during the reconstruction phase. The tool can be used free of charge and independently by registering via ORCID. The core of IDOVIR is the division of an entity into different spatial areas and time periods to which multiple variants can be assigned. Each variant contains the triple of 1) the representation of the reconstruction (2D or 3D), 2) the sources used, and 3) a textual argumentation that explains how the reconstruction has been inferred from the sources. For long-term storage and availability, IDOVIR is hosted by the University and State Library Darmstadt.
Matched pair analysis of wide versus narrow focus during shockwave lithotripsy for urolithiasis
Authors: Sharp Anna J. , Lovegrove Catherine E. , Sreekumar Roshan , Spencer Mandy , Turney Benjamin W. , Howles Sarah A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare stone clearance and complications between a ‘wide’ (9 × 50 mm) and ‘narrow’ shockwave focus (6 × 28 mm) when undertaking shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in patients with renal or ureteric stones.

Methods
Data from patients undergoing SWL using the dual focus Storz Modulith SLX-F2 lithotripter at a single centre were prospectively collected between February 2018 and September 2020. Patients were matched by stone size, location, and number of treatments. Stone clearance, re-presentation within 31 days, symptoms, complications, and need for post SWL-interventions were compared using McNemar’s test.

Results
Patients receiving wide focus SWL (WF-SWL, n = 152) were matched with patients receiving narrow focus SWL (NF-SWL, n = 152). Median stone size was 6 mm; energy delivered to WF-SWL and NF-SWL groups was comparable. Complete stone clearance was achieved in 55% of WF-SWL patients (n = 84) and 41% (n = 63) of NF-SWL patients (p = 0.04). Treatment was considered successful in 74% (n = 113) of WF-SWL cases and 66% (n = 100) of NF-SWL (p = 0.20). No difference in rates of readmission, post-procedural pain, haematuria, urinary tract infections, analgesia or antibiotic requirements were identified.

Conclusion
This service evaluation demonstrates no differences in rates of overall treatment success nor complications on comparing WF-SWL and NF-SWL.
CSF synaptic biomarkers and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Barba Lorenzo , Gaetani Lorenzo , Sperandei Silvia , Di Sabatino Elena , Abu-Rumeileh Samir , Halbgebauer Steffen , Oeckl Patrick , Steinacker Petra , Parnetti Lucilla , Di FIlippo Massimiliano , Otto Markus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience various degrees of cognitive impairment (CI). Synaptic dysfunction may contribute to CI in PwMS but cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptic biomarkers are unexplored in MS.

Objective
To assess the role of CSF synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), β-synuclein, neurogranin and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in patients with early relapsing MS with and without CI.

Methods
We measured CSF SNAP-25, β-synuclein, and neurogranin in 48 untreated PwMS and 50 controls with other neurological diseases (ONDs) and tested their associations with neuropsychological and MRI data.

Results
CSF synaptic protein levels did not discriminate between MS subjects and patients with ONDs, with only SNAP-25 values being slightly increased in MS (p = 0.009). CSF synaptic markers were positively correlated with each other and with CSF NfL. Moreover, lower biomarker levels were found to be correlated with longer disease duration and lower brain volumes (especially of the thalamus). Moreover, we found significantly lower CSF SNAP-25 (p = 0.025), β-synuclein (p = 0.044), and neurogranin (p = 0.007) levels in PwMS with vs. without domain-specific cognitive impairment.

Conclusion
Lower CSF synaptic biomarker levels were found in PwMS with longer disease duration and lower brain volumes and may identify PwMS at risk of CI.
Emerging clinical evidence of a dual role for Ang-2 and VEGF-A blockade with faricimab in retinal diseases
Authors: Chaudhary Varun , Mar Florie , Amador Manuel J. , Chang Andrew , Gibson Kara , Joussen Antonia M. , Kim Judy E. , Lee Junyeop , Margaron Philippe , Saffar Insaf , Wong David , Wykoff Charles , Sadda Srinivas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies have transformed the treatment of retinal diseases. However, VEGF signaling is only one component of the complex, multifactorial pathophysiology of retinal diseases, and many patients have residual disease activity despite ongoing anti-VEGF treatment. The angiopoietin/tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Ang/Tie2) signaling pathway is critical to endothelial cell homeostasis, survival, integrity, and vascular stability. Ang-2 can interfere with Ang-1/Tie2 signaling and is increased in several retinal diseases. Lack of Tie2 signaling due to elevated Ang-2 levels drives vascular instability through pericyte dropout, neovascularization, vascular leakage, inflammation, and fibrosis. Although Ang-2 and VEGF can synergistically promote vascular instability and neovascularization, Ang-2 may also mediate vascular instability independently of VEGF. Faricimab is a bispecific antibody designed for intraocular use that inhibits two distinct pathways via Ang-2 and VEGF-A blockade. Clinical biomarkers of vascular instability are important for evaluating disease control and subsequent treatment decisions. These biomarkers include measurement/evaluation with optical coherence tomography (OCT) of intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, central subfield thickness, and pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs), and fluorescein angiography imaging of macular leakage and PEDs. Hyperreflective foci (HRF), thought to be representative of activated microglia, indicating an inflammatory microenvironment, and epiretinal membranes (ERMs), a marker for retinal fibrotic proliferation in diabetic macular edema (DME), are both also identified using OCT. Here we summarize data (secondary endpoint and prespecified exploratory analyses as well as post hoc analyses) from six Phase III trials suggest that dual therapy Ang-2/VEGF-A inhibition with faricimab (6 mg) has a greater effect on reducing/resolving biomarkers of vascular instability than aflibercept (2 mg), by both controlling neovascularization and vascular leakage (with resultant resolution of exudation associated with DME, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vein occlusion), as well as by targeting inflammation (reduction of HRF in DME) and retinal fibrotic proliferation (reducing the risk of ERMs in eyes with DME). Modulation of both the Ang-2 and VEGF-A pathways with faricimab may therefore provide greater disease control than anti-VEGF monotherapy, potentially leading to extended treatment durability and improved long-term outcomes.
Derivation of Multi-Exponential Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Equations in Simple Pore Geometries
Authors: Afrough Armin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The common interpretation of magnetic resonance relaxation time distribution of liquids in porous media assumes a one-to-one relationship between the pore size and the relaxation time constants. This common conviction may not be correct in many microporous materials. Each pore size may be associated with more than one peak in the NMR relaxation time distributions: a single dominant peak and also possibly one or a few minor peaks. The appearance of minor peaks is due to the non-vanishing nonground eigenvalues of the diffusion–relaxation equation. Brownstein and Tarr (Phys Rev A 19:2446, 1979) described these features, but their solutions at conditions beyond the fast-diffusion regime are not widely adopted. We provide the derivation of Brownstein–Tarr equations for multi-exponential magnetic resonance relaxation decay for liquids in simple pore geometries. General solutions are presented for planar, cylindrical, and spherical pores—as well as two limiting cases of fast and slow diffusion for each geometry. Similar solutions are also relevant to first-order dilute reactions in porous media in heterogeneous reaction–diffusion systems. We hope that the availability of these derivations helps wider adoption of more realistic interpretation of magnetic resonance relaxation in porous media in the light of the multi-exponential Brownstein–Tarr model.
The (un)secured debt puzzle: evidence for U.S. public firms
Authors: Biguri Kizkitza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCollateral availability determines secured debt, while creditworthiness determines unsecured debt. Both are relevant for the debt structure. Regardless of the benefits that pledging collateral may offer, firms substitute away from secured debt as financial constraints relax. An increase in the share of unsecured debt leads to an increase in investment. A higher investment and the preference for unsecured debt can be explained by firms’ desire to minimize financing costs, spreads on unsecured debt are on average lower. This novel evidence complements existing literature on the collateral channel.
Effect of oral nintedanib vs placebo on epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: the EPICURE multicenter randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Hermann Ruben , Grobost Vincent , Le-Guillou Xavier , Lavigne Christian , Parrot Antoine , Rivière Sophie , Séguier Julie , Fargeton Anne-Emmanuelle , de-Montigny Aurélie , Huot Margaux , Decullier Evelyne , Roux Adeline , Gervaise Caroline , Cartier César , Dufour Xavier , Grall Margaux , Jegoux Frank , Laccourreye Laurent , Michel Justin , Saroul Nicolas , Wagner Isabelle , Kerjouan Mallorie , Dupuis-Girod Sophie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Epistaxis greatly affects patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Although few systemic treatment exist, nintedanib, is a good candidate thanks to its anti-angiogenic activity. Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of oral nintedanib on epistaxis duration in HHT patients with moderate to severe epistaxis. This multicenter phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted between June 2020 and February 2023. Inclusion criteria were being over 18 years old and having a confirmed HHT diagnosis with an epistaxis severity score greater than 4. Sixty patients were randomized to receive either nintedanib or placebo for 12 weeks with a 12 week follow-up. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a reduction of at least 50% in mean monthly epistaxis duration comparing the 8 weeks before treatment to the last 8 weeks of treatment. Main secondary outcomes included monthly duration and frequency of epistaxis and hemoglobin levels. Of the 60 randomized patients, 56 completed the trial. Thirteen patients (43%) in the nintedanib group vs 8 (27%) in the placebo group met the primary endpoint (p = 0.28). We observed a significant decrease in median epistaxis (57% vs 27%, p = 0.013) and a significant increase in median hemoglobin levels (+ 18 vs − 1 g/L, p = 0.02) in the nintedanib vs the placebo group. Although we did not achieve our primary outcome, we observed a significant reduction in epistaxis duration and a significant increase in hemoglobin levels in patients treated with nintedanib. This supports the efficacy of nintedanib, and further studies are needed.
A long-term analysis, modeling and drivers of forest recovery in Central Mexico
Authors: López-García José , Cruz-Bello Gustavo Manuel , de Lourdes Manzo-Delgado Lilia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the changes in forest cover from 1994 to 2015, identify the key drivers of forest recovery, and predict future trends. Using high-resolution remote sensing data, we mapped forest canopy density into detailed categories (closed > 50%, open 10–50%, and deforested < 10%) to differentiate processes like degradation, deforestation, densification, reforestation, and afforestation. A multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between the forest processes and socioeconomic, proximity, planning, and policy potential drivers. Future trends were modeled using the Land Change Modeler. The analysis showed that 81.5% of the area remained unchanged, 14% experienced recovery, and 4.5% faced disturbances. Factors such as elevation, proximity to roads, and participation in payment for environmental services (PES) programs significantly influenced recovery trends. Predictive modeling for 2035 suggests forest cover will increase by 7%, reaching 77% coverage of the study area, and closed forest areas will rise by 12% compared to 1994. The findings underscore the effectiveness of conservation efforts and natural regeneration in enhancing forest cover, offering valuable insights for global forest management and policy-making efforts.
Human capital and socialism builders: a happy marriage? Analysing the construction of ‘high-level talent’ in Chinese higher education policy
Authors: Bian Zhiyun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper employs critical discourse analysis to investigate the construction of ‘high-level talents’ within China’s Double First-Class Project, an educational initiative implemented in 2015 to establish first-class universities and disciplines and cultivate high-level talents. The study examines the juxtaposition of human capital discourse and the political concern of ‘socialism builders and inheritors’ as articulated in key policy texts, including President Xi Jinping’s speeches and various government documents. It investigates how the global discourse of human capital has been recontextualised within Chinese higher education policy, highlighting the tensions and negotiations between economic objectives and ideological imperatives. The findings reveal a hybrid discourse—‘high-level talents with Chinese characteristics’—that reflects the Chinese Communist Party’s strategy in crafting its narrative to negotiate compliance with global policy discourses while strengthening its governing power in an increasingly globalised, economic, and individualising world. This study contributes to the understanding of how global educational ideologies are localised, offering insights into the implications for students’ educational choices and identities within the framework of China’s socio-political landscape.
Ethics at the Edge of Extinction: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in the Conservation of the Northern White Rhino
Authors: Biasetti Pierfrancesco , Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Göritz Frank , Holtze Susanne , Stejskal Jan , Galli Cesare , Čižmàr Daniel , Simone Raffaella , Seet Steven , de Mori Barbara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Since assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are becoming increasingly important in wildlife conservation breeding programs, we need to discuss their implications to ensure their responsible use regarding the environment, the animals, and the people involved. In this article, we seek to contribute to the ongoing ethical and philosophical debate on ART in conservation by discussing the current attempt to save the northern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum cottoni, NWR) from extinction. Only two female NWRs are known to the world, both unable to carry a pregnancy, and the last chance to avoid sure extinction relies on pushing the boundaries of contemporary science through the use of advanced ART and stem cell-associated techniques. The attempt to save the NWR constitutes a valuable testbed for assessing the use of ART in conservation and an occasion for identifying possible critical issues. It touches upon several ethically relevant points—that we identify and organize in an Ethical Matrix—such as the need to guarantee animal welfare, and it provides the opportunity to discuss some significant questions related to conservation. For instance, how far is it legitimate to go in trying to save a taxon? Is using sophisticated technologies to remedy anthropogenic harm a part of the problem rather than the solution?
Human Factors and AI in UAV Systems: Enhancing Operational Efficiency Through AHP and Real-Time Physiological Monitoring
Authors: Alharasees Omar , Kale Utku 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntegrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations has advanced efficiency, safety, and decision-making. This study addresses critical gaps in UAV methods, including insufficient integration of human factors, operator variability, and the lack of systematic error analysis. To overcome these challenges, a novel approach combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with three core human factors models: the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop, the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), and the SHELL model. An online survey was conducted across diverse UAV operator groups to prioritize critical factors within each model. Additionally, real-time monitoring of heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory rate (RR) was conducted during UAV operations at various automation levels with different experience levels. Visualization through boxplots and percentage change matrices provided insights into operator stress and workload across automation levels. Integrating AHP findings and physiological data revealed significant differences in operator prioritization, highlighting the need for tailored AI-UAV strategies. This research combines survey data with real-time physiological monitoring, offering visions into optimizing human-AI interaction in UAV operations and providing a foundation for improving AI integration and operator strategies.