bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the value of immature retyculocyte and immature platelet in the diagnosıs of sepsis
Authors: Türkmen Dilek , Özsoylu Serkan , Akyıldız Başak Nur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is one of the causes of pre‐treatment morbidity and mortality in the pediatric age group. In the present study, we investigated the place of the immature granulocyte percentage, (IG) immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and immature platelet fraction (IPF) in the diagnosis of sepsis.MethodsComplete blood count, C‐reactive protein, (CRP) procalcitonin (PCT) and blood cultures were measured in 125 critical patients who were followed‐up in the intensive care unit with the suspicion of sepsis and 65 healthy children between 2017 and 2019. In addition to the complete blood counts and routine parameters, IG, IRF, and IPF were examined in the patients.ResultsWhen the critical patient group and the healthy control group were compared, it was found that the total number of leukocytes (white blood cells), neutrophil count, platelet count, CRP, PCT, IG, IRF, and IPF values were higher at statistically significant levels. When septic and non‐septic patients were compared, it was found that the CRP, PCT,IGP, and IPF were higher at statistically significant levels in the septic patients.ConclusionsIt was concluded that CRP, PCT, IG, and IPF were significant in determining sepsis and that PCT was the most sensitive and specific biomarker in these parameters. We believe that these parameters may be suitable for practical use in determining sepsis because they give faster results and suggest the diagnosis of sepsis.
Molecular insights into enhanced resistance of Papaver somniferum against downy mildew by application of endophyte bacteria Microbacterium sp. SMR1
Authors: Ray Tania , Pandey Alok , Pandey Shiv S. , Singh Sucheta , Shanker Karuna , Kalra Alok 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDowny mildew is one of the most serious diseases of Papaver somniferum. Endophytes isolated from different parts of P. somniferum were screened for their ability to enhance resistance against downy mildew caused by the obligate biotrophic oomycete Peronospora meconopsidis. Two endophytes (SMR1 and SMR2) reduced the downy mildew on three P. somniferum genotypes (Sampada, J‐16, and I‐14). SMR1 (Microbacterium sp.) also enhanced the resistance of P. somniferum against downy mildew under field conditions. The biochemical markers of plant susceptibility under biotic stresses (proline and malondialdehyde) were found to be reduced in P. somniferum upon SMR1 treatment. To understand the mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance to downy mildew in SMR1 endophyte‐treated P. somniferum genotype J‐16, we compared the expression profiles using the next‐generation RNA sequencing approach between P. somniferum pretreated with SMR1 and untreated endophyte‐free control plants following exposure to downy mildew pathogen. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of transcripts belonging to broad classes of signal transduction, protein modification, disease/defense proteins, transcription factors, and phytohormones in SMR1‐primed P. somniferum after infection with downy mildew pathogen. Furthermore, enhanced salicylic acid content was observed in SMR1‐primed P. somniferum after exposure to downy mildew pathogen. This study sheds light on molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced resistance to downy mildew in SMR1‐primed P. somniferum. Finally, we propose that the SA‐dependent defense pathway, the hallmark of systemic acquired resistance, is activated in SMR1‐primed P. somniferum, triggering the endophyte‐induced resistance.
The obscure divine: Ambivalence in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church
Authors: de Ménonville Siena‐Antonia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article presents a look at contemporary research on Orthodox Christianity in Ethiopia while specifically examining the controversialdebtera. Thedebtera, who figure among the Ethiopian Orthodox Church clergy preforming both Orthodox and occult services, are a telling societal phenomenon. This article should not be read strictly as a summary of the academic literature of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, but rather it introduces a new category—“debteric studies”—in the hopes of expanding the limits of existing research in the field as well as by calling attention the cultural relevance of the duality that thedebteraembody. While tracking the trajectory of “debteric studies”, a discourse on secrecy, knowledge, and ambivalence also emerges. Studying thedebterareveals that he both incites rules and the transgression of those rules. He is considered to be on the margins of Ethiopian society, but, at the same time, his presence and the need for his capabilities remains ubiquitous. This article argues that furthering “debteric studies” may also contribute more generally to the study of ambivalence within religious structures.
Electrochemical Defect Analysis of Additive Manufactured Components
Authors: Sous Florian , Herrig Tim , Bergs Thomas , Karges Florian , Feiling Nicole , Zeis Markus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to more freedom in design and flexibility in production, parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM) technologies offer a huge potential for the manufacture of turbomachinery components. Because of the layer by layer built structure, internal defects such as cracks or gaseous pores can occur. These defects considerably reduce the mechanical properties and increase the importance of quality control, especially in the field of turbomachinery. Therefore, in this study, an electrochemical defect analysis (EC-D) of additive manufactured components is introduced, performed, and validated in comparison to a nondestructive X-ray testing of the same part. A test rig was developed, which allows an alternation between electrochemical machining and subsequent optical documentation of each removed layer. The documentation of the surface and the macroscopic defects in the AM-parts are captured by an integrated camera system.
Impact of Hydrogen Addition on the Thermoacoustic Instability and Precessing Vortex Core Dynamics in a CH4/H2/Air Technically Premixed Combustor
Authors: Datta Anindya , Gupta Saarthak , Chterev Ianko , Boxx Isaac , Hemchandra Santosh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the impact of H2 enrichment on the unsteady flow dynamics and thermoacoustic instability in the prediction and control of instabilities in industrial turbines (PRECCINSTA) swirl combustor. The experiments were performed at atmospheric conditions with H2/CH4 fuel mixtures at a global equivalence ratio of 0.65 and a constant thermal power of 20 kW. We analyze data with three fuel compositions: 0%, 20%, and 50% H2 in two operating modes, premixed (PM) and technically premixed (TPM). A new multiresolution modal decomposition method, using a combination of wavelet transforms and proper orthogonal decomposition (WPOD) is performed on time resolved flow velocity and OH planar laser induced fluorescence (OH planar laser induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF)) measurements. Thermoacoustic oscillations are observed in the TPM operating mode alone, indicating that the primary heat release driving mechanism is due to fuel-air ratio oscillations. WPOD results for the 0% H2 TPM case reveal intermittent helical precessing vortex core (PVC) oscillations along with axisymmetric hydrodynamic flow oscillations due to the thermoacoustic oscillations. These oscillations cause local flame extinction near the nozzle centerbody resulting in liftoff. A PVC then develops in the flow and enables intermittent flame reattachment. In the 0% H2 premixed case, the flame remains lifted off the centerbody despite the presence of PVC oscillations. H2 enrichment results in the suppression of flame liftoff and the PVC in both operating modes. We show from flow strain rate statistics and extinction strain rate calculations that the increase of the latter with H2 addition, allows the flame to stabilize in the region near the centerbody where the pure CH4 cases show lift off.
Numerical Simulation of Resistance Sintering of Titanium by a Porous Continuum Approach
Authors: Cannella E. , Martins P. A. F. , Nielsen C. V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical model for the simulation of resistance sintering. It involves an electro-thermo-mechanical coupling, where each model is simulated as a continuum with the influence of porosities included through the distribution of relative density, i.e., the ratio of the apparent density to that of the corresponding fully dense bulk material. For the mechanical response, this involves a plasticity model based on a porous formulation. Other material data have to be supplied as a function of relative density and temperature, as, for example, the electrical resistivity. The numerical modeling is compared to experimentally resistance sintered titanium with good agreement in terms of pre-compaction and developed relative density and temperature during the sintering process.
Development of an Actuator Line Model for Simulation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Arabgolarcheh Alireza , Benini Ernesto , Anbarsooz Morteza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on developing and applying an actuator line model (ALM) to predict the wake behind floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). A computational method is presented which implements an ALM, able to handle 6 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) motion dynamics, coupled with a CFD solver. Computational grides used are cubic and do not require a boundary layer mesh. Results show that just about 300k grids are necessary for performance assessment of the NREL Phase VI case. Therefore, the proposed method leads to significantly lower computational cost and easier preprocessing compared to high-order methods used for solving RANS. On the other hand, coupled aerodynamic and motion analyses showed that pitch and surge motions have the most considerable influence on turbine performance due to their inherent effect on 3D local wind inclination in the relative frame. The peak power happened when the platform is in its initial position, where the platform motion velocity is maximum. Finally, it is shown that the wind turbine movement has a considerable effect on its wake characteristics. The gap distances between wake rings can also change wake interactions, and, for the case with platform pitch motion, the condition of the wake is even more complicated as such distance is not the same in all azimuthal sectors. The results show that the applied ALM method is beneficial for simulating the wake behind offshore wind turbines and the complex phenomena in the wake due to platform oscillation.
Experimental Evaluation of Dewar Volume and Cryocooler Cold Finger Size in a Small-Scale Stirling Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) System
Authors: Swanson Howard M. , Pollman Anthony G. , Hernandez Alejandro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper uses an experimental approach to evaluate two design characteristics for a liquid air energy storage (LAES) and generation system as part of the design analysis for a microgrid power system. The system evaluated utilized a Stirling engine based cryocooler that employs a coldfinger placed into a Dewar. Using a design of experiments, the cold finger surface area and Dewar volume were evaluated to determine the criticality and significance of changing their dimensions. Evaluations were made against the total liquid air production mass and average liquid air production rate during the experiments. This analysis found that changing the surface area of the cryocooler cold finger was a statistically significant design characteristic that affected total liquid air production and average production rate while changing the volume of the Dewar was not statistically significant. Additional responses relative to the time when the first gram of liquid air was produced and the minimum cold tip temperature that the cryocooler was able to achieve provided additional insight into design characteristics that can be used to inform the engineer when making design tradeoffs for specific operational environments.
Optimization of the Capacities of Private Generators Installed in a Hospital Building Under the Constraint of Demand Sufficiency During Power Outages
Authors: Uemichi Akane , Kaito Naoki , Yamasaki Yudai , Kaneko Shigehiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is essential to secure energy sources by installing a private power generator for business continuity in a power outage. The authors have developed an optimization tool to estimate the optimal amount of distributed power supply equipment using economic efficiency and resilience as two evaluation indicators. However, it is questionable whether the private generator in a hospital building can generate sufficient electricity to meet demands in case of a power failure, because demand has short cycle fluctuations on the order of seconds, and the private generator must respond to these fluctuations from time to time in the case of stand-alone operation. The optimization tools we have developed in the past have not considered the balance between power output and load demand (demand sufficiency). Therefore, this paper proposes a new optimization method that considers balancing power supply and demand in private generators’ independent operation during power outages. We narrowed the optimization constraints as demand sufficiency conditions: standard AC frequency range between 49 and 51 Hz. More practical optimal solutions are obtained by applying the new constraints to the multi-optimization. We also compare the case study results by applying these constraints to the results of previous case studies.
Common Mode Current Effects and Challenges for Wind Turbine Generator Application
Authors: Singh Gopal , Sundaram Kalpathy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Operation of the generator with full converter and long tower cables leads to common mode and bearing current in the wind turbine. Common mode and bearing current are almost always present in such systems, due to the harmonics reflections within large tower cables. An electrical system should be carefully designed to perform in such environments. Bearing insulation thickness should be carefully chosen to minimize the impact of bearing current. Ideally these currents should flow through the dedicated path within the nacelle and pass through the tower to the ground. Due to complex structure of the nacelle in the onshore geared turbine and dealing with a very high frequency current, this is usually not the case. A complex cable routing and formation of different conducting path leads the common mode current to flows into an unexpected direction. It is the part of a good system design to monitor the path and evaluate the potential impact on the sensitive components to avoid potential failure in the field. A higher downtime of the turbine corresponds to a less reliable turbine, this is also closely associated with the levelized cost of electricity. This paper presents an overview of the system for the preferred common mode current routing and recommend various method by which formation of unwanted grounding loops can be avoided.
Enginuity’s Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System Part 1: Fundamental Design & Performance Evaluation of Residential Engine System
Authors: Bade Mehar , Meyers Vince , Suits Eric , Mannarino Anthony F. , Subramanian Jayaram 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The development of highly compact and energy-efficient systems is critical for world energy security and technology leadership. Due to the abundance of natural gas, the natural gas fueled distributed energy systems that lower the energy consumption and utility costs would be ideal in the U.S. as well as worldwide markets. To meet these objectives, researchers from Enginuity Power Systems (EPS) are currently working on the development of an ultra-efficient Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system for residential and commercial applications. These CHP systems generate electricity at the point of use while also meeting the space and water heating demands. Furthermore, a single CHP system replaces the conventional electricity generator, space, and water heating systems in residential and commercial applications. The main technical objective of this research article is the demonstration of the fundamental design and performance characteristics of an EPS’s 6 kW–10 kW CHP system intended for residential applications. The proposed residential system utilized a mirror-balanced, patented, inwardly opposed piston, four-stroke internal combustion engine as a prime mover. This novel four-stroke opposed piston design resolved the scavenging, cooling, and lubrication issues faced by the conventional opposed designs in the market while also maintaining the power density, balancing, and performance benefits. Initially, a series of experiments were conducted on the proposed system for different speeds and throttle openings. Later, the combustion, performance, and quantified energy loss pathways were presented at Wide Open Throttle (WOT) conditions to demonstrate the performance benefits of the proposed system. Finally, a performance-oriented framework was developed for the proposed CHP system for future efforts.
Air-Argon-Steam or Organic Fluid Combined Power Cycle With Pulse Detonation Combustion for Electric Power Plants
Authors: Nageswara Reddy Pereddy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Gas turbine engines with pulse detonation combustion show the superior performance in terms of specific work output and thermal efficiency when compared to the conventional gas turbine engines with isobaric combustion. But, a quasi-steady expansion of detonation products through the gas turbine results in an unsteady operation. Moreover, as the detonation products during quasi-steady expansion are initially at a very high temperature (over 2500 K), they cannot be expanded in the turbine as it is. To overcome the above difficulties associated with pulse detonation combustion in gas turbine engines, Air-Argon-Steam or organic fluid Combined Cycle (AASCC) is proposed in the present work. AASCC comprises two gas turbine cycles, viz. the Humphrey cycle with the air as the working fluid and the Brayton cycle with the argon as the working fluid and a steam turbine cycle, viz. the Rankine or organic Rankine cycle with the steam or organic substance as the working fluid. The temperature of the hot detonation products is reduced to Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) by exchanging heat energy between detonation products and compressed argon in a Detonation Products to Argon Heat Exchanger (DPAHE) and in turn, raising the temperature of the compressed argon to Argon Turbine Inlet Temperature (ATIT). The residual energy of both detonation products and argon after the expansion in the respective turbines is utilized to generate the steam or organic fluid vapor in the Heat Recovery Generators (HRGs) to operate a steam or organic fluid turbine. AASCC with pulse detonation combustion is analyzed based on quasi-steady state one dimensional formulation, and a computer code is developed in MATLAB to simulate the cycle performance at different compressor pressure ratios and TITs. C2H4/air is taken as the fuel-oxidizer. The performance of AASCC with pulse detonation combustion is compared with that of a conventional Air-Steam Combined Cycle (ASCC) with constant pressure combustion. It is found that the thermal efficiency of AASCC with pulse detonation combustion can go up to 44.5%–46.5% depending on the working fluid used in the bottoming Rankine cycle as against 37.8%–41.0% of ASCC at a TIT of 1400 K. The maximum specific work output of AASCC at a TIT of 1400 K is found to vary from 1143.0 to 1202.0 kJ/kg air as against to 335.0 to 364.0 kJ/kg air of ASCC.
Investigation of the Performance of Air-Steam Combined Cycle for Electric Power Plants Using Low Grade Solid Fuels
Authors: Nageswara Reddy Pereddy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since the solid fuels like coal produce a lot of ash upon burning, the products of combustion can’t be expanded as it is in a Gas Turbine (GT). Hence, the operation of a combined cycle with solid fuels includes: (i) production of syngas from the coal to operate a gas turbine engine and (ii) using the leftover coal after gasification to produce steam and operate a steam turbine engine. To avoid the coal-gasification and to use the solid coal fuel as it is in a combined cycle power plant, a novel Air-Steam Combined Cycle (ASCC) is proposed in the present work. ASCC comprises a gas turbine cycle (operating by the Brayton cycle) with the air as the working fluid and a steam turbine cycle (operating by the Rankine cycle) with the steam as the working fluid. A fraction F of the air is compressed, regenerated and finally heated to an Air Turbine Inlet Temperature (ATIT) by the hot products of combustion produced upon burning of the bituminous coal in a combustor. The residual heat energy of products of combustion is then utilized in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) to generate the steam initially and subsequently to preheat the remaining fraction (1-F) of the air. After expansion in an air turbine, the hot air passes through a regenerator directly into a combustor along with the preheated air for burning the coal so as to utilize the energy of expanded air completely. ASCC is analyzed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics and a computer code is developed in MATLAB to simulate the cycle performance at different compressor pressure ratios, ATITs, and HRSG pressures. The performance of ASCC is compared with that of Baseline Steam Turbine Cycle (BSTC) for the same flue gas (stack) temperature. It is found that the overall thermal efficiency of ASCC can go up to 33.0%–37.5% depending on the compressor pressure ratio, ATIT and HRSG pressure as against to 29.0%–29.5% of BSTC.
Steam Inlet Expansion Joint Design & Case Study: Surface Condenser Application
Authors: Squires Kevin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper is comprised of three sections and outlines the outcome achieved from instituting an effective preventative maintenance program; specifically, highlighting a steam surface condenser application that was originally equipped with a stainless-steel metal bellows type expansion joint system. In the first section of the paper, a general overview of steam inlet type expansion joint systems will be presented to provide an understanding of the specific application, typical design parameters and conditions, system components, varying expansion joint designs, configurations, and installation methodologies. The second section will outline types of inspections that typically support preventative maintenance programs within the power generation industry. Lastly, the case study will examine the account of an actual project and the practice of implementing a preventative maintenance program; outlining inspection types, how those measures supported a root cause analysis, and ultimately developing a unique solution to address the issues identified during subsequent inspections and analyses. The case study focuses on developing a retrofitted rubber ‘dog bone’ expansion joint system to replace the failed metal bellows expansion joint. Various points within the overall project life cycle will be reviewed; from the point of initial inspection that identified the root cause and defined loss in performance, evaluation and engineering to support the replacement design, onsite execution and installation methodology, and post-maintenance testing and operation.