bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementierung und Wirkung der multimodalen psychosozialen
MAKS-Intervention in der Tagespflege bei Menschen mit kognitiven
Beeinträchtigungen: Ergebnisse in der offenen Phase nach Beendigung des
RCT
Authors: Gräßel Elmar , Donath Carolin , Pendergrass Anna , Luttenberger Katharina 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Langzeitwirkung einer psychosozialen
Intervention bei Demenz einschließlich ihrer Implementierung unter
„natürlichen“ Bedingungen in der Tagespflege. In der
vorliegenden Arbeit wird dies untersucht für die MAKS-Intervention
– Motorische, Alltagspraktische, Kognitive und Sozial-kommunikative
Komponente.
Methodik Am Ende einer 6-monatigen, cluster-randomisierten, kontrollierten
Studie waren in allen 32 Tagespflege-Einrichtungen (TPs)
Mitarbeiter*innen in MAKS geschult. Bis dahin hatten die TPs der
Interventionsgruppe MAKS durchgeführt, die TPs der Kontrollgruppe hatten
ihr übliches Programm angeboten. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt war allen
Einrichtungen freigestellt, die Intervention durchzuführen oder nicht
(offene Phase). In der 18-monatigen Nachbeobachtungsphase wurden nach 6 und 18
Monaten die Einrichtungsleitungen gefragt, ob MAKS weiterhin
regelmäßig und in der geschulten Form durchgeführt wurde
oder nicht. Nach 6 Monaten in der offenen Phase (t12) wurden die kognitiven
Fähigkeiten bei den Studienteilnehmer*innen mit leichter
kognitiver Beeinträchtigung, leichter oder moderater Demenz erneut mit
dem Mini-Mental Status Test (MMST) erfasst. Mithilfe der multiplen linearen
Regression wurde untersucht, ob dieser MMST-Wert von der Durchführung
der Intervention (ja oder nein) prädiziert wird. Weitere
Adjustierungsvariablen waren der MMST-Wert zu t6, Alter, Geschlecht,
Besuchshäufigkeit in der TP, Antidementiva-Einnahme und
Depressivität.
Ergebnisse In den ersten 6 Monaten der offenen Phase gaben 22 TPs
(69%) an, dass sie MAKS durchführten. In den Monaten 7 bis 18
stieg dieser Anteil auf 81%. Für die 287
Studienteilnehmer*innen in den 32 TPs war das Faktum, ob sie
Gäste in einer TP mit oder ohne MAKS waren, ein signifikanter
Prädiktor für den Verlauf der kognitiven Fähigkeiten
(p= 0,019). Der durchschnittliche MMST-Wert in TPs ohne MAKS sank, in
TPs mit MAKS blieb er annähernd gleich. Weitere signifikante
Prädiktoren waren der Ausgangswert sowie die Einnahme von Antidementiva
(Personen mit Antidementiva erzielten ein schlechteres Ergebnis).
Schlussfolgerung Die multimodale, psychosoziale MAKS-Intervention
für Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen kann nach
strukturierter Schulung in Tagespflegen langfristig implementiert werden. MAKS
wirkt auch außerhalb eines strukturierten Studiendesigns günstig
auf die kognitiven Fähigkeiten.
Rehabilitation of Patients with Osseointegrated Prosthesis after Transfemoral Amputation – Literature-based Recommendation for Postoperative Rehabilitative
Procedure
Authors: Schnadthorst Philipp Georg , Lison Andreas , Schulze Christoph 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Osseointegrative implantation after amputation of the lower extremity is a special treatment option. Physiotherapeutic treatment is important for the functional outcome.
This study systematically evaluated existing follow-up treatment protocols to establish a literature-based recommendation for postoperative rehabilitation procedures.
Methodology A PubMed literature search was conducted on December 10, 2020, using the following search terms: (osseo-integrat* OR endo-exo OR boneanchored OR bone anchored) AND
(prosthe*) AND (leg OR lower limb* OR lower extremit* OR transfem* OR transtib*) AND (rehabilitation). 113 publications were found in this context. 10 of them met inclusion criteria. The
Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to determine the publicationsʼ quality.
Results Three systematic rehabilitation protocols have been described: Osseointegrated Prostheses for the Rehabilitation of Amputees protocol, Osseointegration Group of Australia
Accelerated protocol and Radboud Amputation: rehabilitation protocol for endo-exo femoral prosthesis. There are clear differences in the duration of the rehabilitation protocols. The quality
of published studies is limited due to the high risk of bias and low evidence levels (mainly III – V). A concept for long-term rehabilitation has not been described yet.
Conclusions There are various protocols for rehabilitation after treatment with osseointegrative prosthesis. Gradually increasing axial weight bearing started shortly after surgery;
step-by-step gait training, adaptation of the prosthesis to the new biomechanics and critical patient selection and pre-operative training have been proven useful for successful
rehabilitation. Controlled comparative studies, standardised outcome measurements or comparative studies between different protocols are not available. Models for multi-level long-term care
have not been described in the literature so far.
Prüfen in der Allgemeinmedizin – Staatsexamina im
ambulanten hausärztlichen Setting
Authors: Demmer Iris , Schneider Anke , Selgert Lena , Brünahl Christian , Baum Erika , Bergmann Antje , Ehrhardt Maren , Streitlein-Böhme Irmgard , Hummers Eva , Jünger Jana 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Allgemeinmedizin hat einen großen Stellenwert in der
Gesundheitsversorgung der Bevölkerung. Nur ein kleiner Teil der
behandelten Patienten wird bei spezialisierten Fachärzten, im
Krankenhaus oder in einer Universitätsklinik versorgt. Der
Großteil der Bevölkerung hingegen hat Kontakt zu einem Hausarzt.
Mit Einführung der im Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020 geforderten
Stärkung der Allgemeinmedizin, unter anderem in neuen
Staatsexamina-Prüfungsformaten, wird diese zentrale Stellung in der
Patientenversorgung in Studium und Prüfungen zukünftig
abgebildet. Das allgemeinärztliche Setting obliegt einem spezifischen
Hintergrund mit unausgelesenem Patientenkollektiv und hermeneutischem
Fallverständnis. Die neue Abschlussprüfung fördert
allgemeinmedizinische und fächerübergreifende Kompetenzen in der
ärztlichen Gesprächsführung, bei der
körperlichen Untersuchung, im Umgang mit ambulant behandelbaren
Erkrankungen, bei Prävention wie auch der Anwendung allgemeiner
ärztlicher Richtlinien von Ethik und Recht. Die vom Institut für
medizinische und pharmazeutische Prüfungsfragen (IMPP) neu gestaltete
standardisierte mündlich-praktische Prüfung mit realen Patienten
im ambulanten Setting beinhaltet acht Schritte, die kommunikative und fachliche
Prüfungsaspekte integrieren. Zwei geschulte Prüfende beobachten
und beurteilen die Leistungen anhand standardisierter Bewertungsbögen.
Das neue Prüfungsformat wurde bereits 2019 vom IMPP und Lehrenden
verschiedener medizinischer Fakultäten entwickelt, in fünf
allgemeinmedizinischen Lehrpraxen getestet, überarbeitet und
anschließend in vierzehn Probeprüfungen pilotiert.
Standardisierte Vorgaben zum Prüfungsablauf, zur räumlichen
Ausstattung sowie zu Prüferschulungen wurden vom IMPP entwickelt.
Zukünftig sind bei ca. 10+000 Prüflingen
jährlich sowie bei Prüfung zwei Studierender pro Prüftag
insgesamt 5000 Prüftage in allgemeinärztlichen Praxen
erforderlich. Aufgrund der Expertise der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Allgemein- und Familienmedizin (DEGAM), der Gesellschaft der Hochschullehrer
für Allgemeinmedizin (GHA) und der universitären Standorte
bezüglich der Gewinnung und Motivation von Praxen sowie des
großen Potentials als größte Fachgruppe Deutschlands
erscheint dieses Ziel erreichbar. Bezüglich der Finanzierung sind
politische Entscheidungen notwendig. In einem immer komplexer werdenden
Versorgungssystem trägt die Neugestaltung der
mündlich-praktischen Prüfung im ambulanten Setting zur
Stärkung der interdisziplinären und multiprofessionellen
Zusammenarbeit bei.
Kontrollüberzeugung und psychische Lebensqualität von
Menschen mit afrikanischer Herkunft in Deutschland – Ergebnisse einer
Repräsentativerhebung
Authors: Adedeji Adekunle , Metzner Franka , Salahou Aderanti 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Viele Menschen mit afrikanischer Herkunft sind in Europa
aufgrund ihrer Hautfarbe und Kultur von Diskriminierung und Rassismus betroffen
und weisen einen unterdurchschnittlichen sozioökonomischen Status sowie
eine unterdurchschnittliche Lebensqualität auf. Ziel der Arbeit war,
Ansatzpunkte für eine Verbesserung der Integration und
Lebensqualität von in Deutschland lebenden Menschen mit einem
Migrationshintergrund aus Subsahara-Afrika (SSA) zu finden.
Methodik Erstmals wurde eine Stichprobe von 518 in Deutschland lebenden
Menschen aus SSA (19–56 Jahre) mittels eines Online-Surveys in drei
Sprachen zu ihrer psychischen Lebensqualität und ihrer
Kontrollüberzeugung als Indikator für ihre Anpassungsleistungen
befragt.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der bundesweiten Befragung
verweisen auf einen signifikanten stark positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der
Kontrollüberzeugung und der psychischen Lebensqualität bei
Menschen mit afrikanischer Herkunft in Deutschland (p<0,010;
r=0,49). Das Alter, die Aufenthaltsdauer in Deutschland, die
Berufsgruppe und der Bildungsabschluss hängen dabei signifikant mit der
Kontrollüberzeugung und psychischen Lebensqualität von Menschen
aus SSA zusammen. Im Ergebnis eines multiplen Regressionsmodells ergab sich
für den Zusammenhang zwischen psychischer Lebensqualität und
Kontrollüberzeugung unter den sozioökonomischen und
demografischen Faktoren der Bildungsabschluss als signifikanter
Prädiktor. Etwa 24% der Varianz in der psychischen
Lebensqualität werden durch die Kontrollüberzeugung und den
Bildungsabschluss erklärt. Bildung wird daher als Ausgangspunkt
für Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Integration und
psychischen Gesundheit von aus SSA migrierten Menschen in verschiedenen
Lebensphasen diskutiert.
Detection of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patient Urine Samples by Prototype and Commercial Test Strips for DOACs – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Martini Andrea , Harenberg Job , Bauersachs Rupert , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Crowther Mark , Douxfils Jonathan , Elalamy Ismail , Weiss Christel , Hetjens Svetlana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe DOAC Dipstick accurately detects the presence or absence of factor Xa (DXI) and thrombin inhibitor (DTI) classes of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients' urine samples on DOAC treatment. The aim of the study was to systematically review the literature and compare the performance of prototype and commercial test strips with a meta-analysis.A systematic literature search of electronic databases PubMed (MEDLINE) and Cochrane Library was performed. Heterogeneity between studies was calculated using the Chi-squared test and the I2 index. A random effects model was used to pool data to compare the performance of prototype and commercial test strips.Using PRISMA reporting guidelines, four of 1,081 publications were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis: three reporting on prototype (DXI n = 658, DTI n = 586) and one on commercial test strips (DXI n = 451, DTI n = 429). Sensitivity and specificity of DXI and DTI detection did not differ significantly between the prototype and commercial test strips. Odds ratios were 0.718 and 0.365 for sensitivity and 1.211 and 1.072 for specificity of DXI and DTI (p-values between 0.3334 and 1.000), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity values for DXI were 0.968 (p = 0.1290, I2 47.1%) and 0.979 (p = 0.1965, I2 35.9%), and for DTI 0.993 (p = 0.1870, I2 37.5%) and 0.993 (p = 0.7380, I2 0%), respectively.Prototype and commercial DOAC test strips did not differ in their ability to detect DXI and DTI in patient urine samples. This supports the confidence in use of the DOAC Dipstick test, although it needs to be validated in specific patient populations.
A Surgical Perspective on the Association between Cystic Lesions of the Pineal Gland (Descartes' Seat of the Soul) and the Pituitary (the Master Gland)
Authors: Montaser Alaa S. , Cho Elise Y. , Catalino Michael P. , Hanna Jack , Smith Timothy R. , Laws Edward R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Rene Descartes (1596–1650), the famous philosopher and scientist, identified the pineal gland as the only cerebral structure not represented bilaterally, the “seat of the soul”; and the source of rational thought. Pineal cysts (PCs) are often incidentally identified in MRI studies, with a reported prevalence of 1 to 4.3%. Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are pituitary lesions accounting for <1% of intracranial masses. There are scant data in the literature addressing any association between these two midline cystic lesions.
Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients presenting at our institution from April 2008 through February 2020, whose records indicated a diagnosis of RCC, and those whose records included pineal lesions. Our objective was to evaluate the association between these two midline lesions. Brain MRI studies were reviewed for the presence of PCs; only patients with PCs that measured ≥5 mm in diameter were included.
Results We identified 116 patients with RCCs, and 34 patients with PCs, treated from April 2008 through February 2020. Among the RCC group, 14/116 patients (12%) had PCs. Among the PC group, 3/34 patients (8.8%) had RCCs. Overall, 17 patients (11.3%) had concomitant RCCs and PCs. The mean maximal diameter of the PCs was 7.5 mm (range = 5–17 mm), whereas the mean maximal diameter of RCCs was 13 mm (range = 5–40 mm).
Conclusion The incidental diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pineal and pituitary gland is increasingly reported, primarily because of advances in current diagnostic modalities. Our data demonstrated no clear consensual association between pineal and pituitary cysts.
Infant Formulas: A Long Story
Authors: Falcão Mário Cícero , Zamberlan Patrícia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ideal feeding for infants is the breast milk because it has a balanced nutritional composition, which includes all essential nutrients, in addition to many bioactive factors that contribute to the growth and development of the child, as well as to the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. Among them are immunological factors, antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory components, digestive enzymes, various types of hormones, and growth factors. If human milk is not available, there is an indication of infant formulas that should follow the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius of the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (WHO). In a century of history, infant formulas have gone from a simple combination of cow milk (evaporated or condensed) and water to highly sophisticated products, elaborated by very refined technological processes to produce lactose-free, antiregurgitation, based on soy protein, hydrolyzed protein in various grades, and only amino acids formulas. The major milestones in the modification of infant formulas were the incorporation of nutrients/ingredients such as: iron, nucleotides, alpha lactalbumin, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, oligosaccharides similar to human milk, lactoferrin, and milk fat globule membrane. Many of these ingredients have shown benefits on the immunological system. Despite the technological advances, breast milk remains irreplaceable, being the gold standard for infant feeding.
Nasal and Naso-orbito-ethmoid Fractures
Authors: Epstein Sherise , Ettinger Russell E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCraniofacial fractures are common among trauma patients. Nasal fractures are the most common craniofacial fracture. Understanding how to evaluate and manage craniofacial fractures is important for the craniofacial trauma consultant. This manuscript describes the appropriate workup and management of nasal and naso-orbito-ethmoid fractures.
Management of Panfacial Trauma: Sequencing and Pitfalls
Authors: Massenburg Benjamin B. , Lang Melanie S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPanfacial trauma refers to high-energy mechanism injuries involving two or more areas of the craniofacial skeleton, the frontal bone, the midface, and the occlusal unit. These can be distracting injuries in an unstable patient and, as in any trauma, Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocols should be followed. The airway should be secured, bleeding controlled, and sequential examinations should take place to avoid overlooking injuries. When indicated, neurosurgery and ophthalmology should be consulted as preservation of brain, vision, and hearing function should be prioritized. Once the patient is stabilized, reconstruction aims to reduce panfacial fractures, restore the horizontal and vertical facial buttresses, and resuspend the soft tissue to avoid the appearance of premature aging. Lost or comminuted bone can be replaced with bone grafts, although adequate reduction should be ensured prior to any grafting. Operative sequencing can be performed from top-down and outside-in or from bottom-up and inside-out depending on patient presentation. All protocols can successfully manage panfacial injuries, and the emphasis should be placed on a systematic approach that works from known areas to unknown areas.
LeFort Fractures
Authors: Ikeda Allison K. , Burke Andrea B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsultations for management of facial fractures in the emergency setting are not uncommon for the oral maxillofacial surgeon, otolaryngologist, and/or plastic surgeon. This necessitates a knowledge foundation and working understanding of the evaluation, assessment, and timely management. Here, we will focus on the workup and management of LeFort fractures.
The favourable association of self‐reported physical fitness with depression and anxiety during pregnancy. The GESTAFIT project
Authors: Marín‐Jiménez Nuria , Castro‐Piñero José , Rodríguez‐Ayllón María , Marchán‐Rubio Alba , Delgado‐Fernández Manuel , Aparicio Virginia A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTWe explored the association of self‐reported physical fitness with depressive symptoms and anxiety levels during pregnancy. One hundred fifty‐five pregnant women (32.9 ± 4.7 years old) participated in the study. Self‐reported physical fitness was assessed with the International Fitness Scale, depressive symptoms and state anxiety levels with the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale and the State Trait Anxiety Index, respectively, at the 16 and 34 weeks of gestation. In model 1 (adjusted for age and gestational weight gain), greater overall self‐reported physical fitness was associated with fewer depressive symptoms at the 16 weeks (p = .004). Greater self‐reported cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength were associated with lower anxiety levels at the 16 weeks (all, p > .05). Greater overall self‐reported physical fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and speed‐agility were associated with lower anxiety levels at the 34 weeks (all, p > .05). These results were also confirmed in model 2 (additionally adjusted for the exercise intervention, sleep quality, educational level, working status and cohabitating), except for cardiorespiratory fitness and anxiety levels at the 16 weeks (p = .09). Greater self‐reported physical fitness was associated with lower psychological ill‐being during pregnancy. Specifically, at the 16 weeks, greater self‐reported overall physical fitness was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, greater self‐reported muscular strength with lower anxiety levels; greater self‐reported overall physical fitness and speed‐agility with lower anxiety levels at the 34 weeks and greater self‐reported cardiorespiratory fitness with lower anxiety levels during the pregnancy. Screening of physical fitness may reduce the risk of depression and anxiety and generally improve pregnancy mental health‐related quality of life.Highlights
Maternal depression and anxiety have prevalence rates between 8 and 36%.
Physical fitness enhancement during pregnancy results in less depression and anxiety.
Greater physical fitness may provide benefits for the mother mental health.
Self‐reported physical fitness screening during pregnancy may be useful in clinical settings.
A comparison between structural and magnetic behavior of cobalt ferrite synthesized via solid state and chemical methods
Authors: Sharifi Ali , Hayati Raziye , Setoudeh Nader , Rezaei Ghasem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cobalt ferrite oxide (CoFe2O4) was synthesized by two different methods of mechanochemical and combustion. The phase composition and the chemical bonding information of the two powders were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) method and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study the microstructure and morphology and elemental analysis was performed with EDS. The magnetic properties were analyzed at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). According to the structural and elemental analyses, cobalt ferrite was directly synthesized in the combustion method. However, the mechanochemical route was not successful in phase formation, even after heating at high temperatures. The hysteresis loops of VSM analysis showed that the CoFe2O4 powder from combustion method resulted in higher saturation magnetization and coercive field than the powder synthesized by mechanical milling. The inferior magnetic behavior of the powder from solid state method is attributed to the presence of Co3+ in the starting powder, which results in a non-spinel complex between cobalt and iron ions.
Thermophysical properties of pure gases and mixtures at temperatures of 300–30 000 K and atmospheric pressure: thermodynamic properties and solution of equilibrium compositions
Authors: CHI Zhongyuan , ZHANG Weijun , YANG Qiangda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The equilibrium compositions and thermodynamic properties (density, enthalpy, etc at constant pressure) of plasma of pure gases and mixtures under local thermodynamic nonequilibrium have been calculated in this paper. The homotopy Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was proposed to accurately solve nonlinear equations with singular Jacobian matrices, and is constructed by the Saha equation and Guldberg–Waage equation combined with mass conservation, the electric neutrality principle and Dalton’s partial pressure law, to solve the problem of dependence on the initial value in the process of iteration calculation. In this research, the equations at a higher temperature were solved and used as the auxiliary equations, and the homotopy control parameters’ sequence of the homotopy equations was selected by equal ratios. For auxiliary equations, the iterative initial value was obtained by assuming that there were only the highest-valence atomic cations and electrons at this temperature, and the plasma equilibrium composition distribution with the required accuracy was ultimately solved under the current conditions employing the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The control parameter sequence was arranged according to the geometric sequence and the homotopy step was gradually shortened to ensure continuity of the homotopy process. Finally, the equilibrium composition and thermodynamic properties of pure N2, Mg(30%)–CO2(70%) and Mg(40%)–CO(50%)–N2(10%) mixture plasma at atmospheric pressure were calculated and the calculation process of some specified temperatures was shown and analyzed. The calculation accuracy of equilibrium composition is higher than other findings in the literature. The results for the thermodynamic properties are in good agreement with data reported by the literature.