bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Rare F5 Variants in General Population From Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Ašić Adna , Salazar Ramona , Storm Niels , Doğan Serkan , Höppner Wolfgang , Marjanović Damir , Primorac Dragan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Human gene F5, encoding coagulation factor V, was previously reported to be highly polymorphic. Apart from FV Leiden, an array of other rare variants has been detected in clinical practice and associated with thrombotic events, especially in cases when patient’s phenotype and FV Leiden genotype were not in agreement.Methods and Results: In this study, the prevalence of 17 rare F5 variants has been studied on a sample of 130 healthy adult individuals from the general Bosnian-Herzegovinian population. DNA was isolated from buccal swab samples, while genotyping was performed using MALDI-TOF MS method. The results have shown that Asp2194Gly and Met2120Thr are polymorphic in the study population with minor allele frequencies of 0.077 and 0.073, respectively. Additionally, these two variants were found to be mutually exclusive with FV Leiden and none of them was positively associated with participants’ family history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases.Conclusions: While the obtained results are in agreement with previously reported data for the general Caucasian populations, it is worth noting that only two rare F5 variants were detected in the study population, albeit at considerable frequencies. Still, scientific information on rare F5 variants is rather scarce and further studies aiming to assess functional importance of these variants, as well as their role as prothrombotic factors are necessary.
Recurrent Home Flooding in Detroit, MI 2012-2020: Results of a Household Survey
Authors: LARSON PETER S , Gronlund Carina J , Thompson Lyke , Sampson Natalie , Washington Ramona , Thorsby Jamie Steis , Lyon Natalie , Miller Carol 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Household flooding has wide ranging social, economic and public health impacts particularly for people in resource poor communities. The determinants and outcomes of recurrent home flooding in urban contexts, however, are not well understood. A household survey was used to assess neighborhood and household level determinants of recurrent home flooding in Detroit, MI.Methods: Survey activities covered the years of 2012 and 2020. Researchers collected information on past flooding, housing conditions, flooding outcomes and public health outcomes. Using the locations of homes and flooding occurrences, a “hot spot” analysis was performed to find areas of extreme risk within the City of Detroit. Survey data were linked to environment and neighborhood data and associations were tested using regression methods.Results: 5,956 households participated in the survey and flooding information was available for 4,677 of them. Among these, 2,546 (42.75%) reported having experienced home flooding as a result of rainfall. Rental occupied units were more likely to report flooding than owner occupied homes (OR 1.71 [95% CI 1.5, 1.94]). Housing conditions such as poor roof quality and cracks in basement walls influenced home flooding risk. Increased percentage of rental units in the vicinity of the home increased flooding risk. When controlling for household and neighborhood factors, primarily African American communities were found to be at high risk for home flooding. Flooding and conditions associated with home flooding were associated with adult and child asthma.Conclusions: Recurrent home flooding is far more prevalent than previously thought and associated with neighborhood and household factors, in addition to disproportionately impacting African American residents. Programs that support recovery and which focus on home improvement to prevent flooding, particularly by landlords, might benefit the public health. These results draw awareness and urgency to problems of urban flooding and public health in other areas of the country confronting the compounding challenges of aging infrastructure, disinvestment and climate change.
Identifying Australian Policy Makers’ Perceptions of eHealth Interventions
Authors: Subahe Alaa Hussain , Baker Philip , Carroll Julie-Ann 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The increasing volume of research on electronic health (eHealth) smoking cessation interventions presents a challenge for policymakers and service providers when they try to decide which strategies to select for health promotion programs. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Australian policymakers and service providers regarding the effectiveness and quality of eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation against the evidence in a recent systematic review. Methods: This cross-sectional study invited 38 Australian public health policymakers and service providers in smoking cessation to participate in an online survey assessing their knowledge of the current available evidence-base. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the results of the survey against the published review. Results: Eighteen participants completed the survey. Comparison identified that the majority of participants failed to correctly identify the effects and the quality of the evidence of popular smoking cessation interventions. They lacked knowledge of the usefulness and quality of some eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation. Conclusions: The finding of this study indicates that the prior perceptions and beliefs held by Australian policymakers and service providers about the effects of eHealth and mHealth interventions for smoking cessation are significantly detached enough from the evidence-base to affect the provision of effective interventions to smokers who want to quit.
More Natural More Better: Triple Natural Anti-Oxidant Puerarin/Ferulic Acid/Polydopamine Incorporated Hydrogel for Wound Healing
Authors: Ou Qianmin , Zhang Shaohan , Fu Chuanqiang , Yu Le , Gu Zhipeng , Cao Zeyuan , Xin Peikun , Wu Jun , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDuring wound healing, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can break the cellular oxidant/antioxidant balance, which prolongs healing. The wound dressings targeting the mitigation of ROS will be of great advantages for the wound healing. puerarin (PUE) and ferulic acid (FA) are natural compounds derived from herbs that exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Polydopamine (PDA) is made from natural dopamine and shows excellent antioxidant function. Therefore, the combination of natural antioxidants into hydrogel dressing is a promising therapy for wound healing. Results Hybrid hydrogel wound dressings have been developed by incorporating PUE or FA via PDA nanoparticles (NPs) into polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel. This hydrogel can load natural antioxidant drugs and retain the drug in the gel network for a long period due to the presence of PDA NPs. Under oxidative stress, this hydrogel can improve the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and reduce the levels of ROS and malondialdehyde, thus preventing oxidative damage to cells, and then promoting wound healing, tissue regeneration, and collagen accumulation. Conclusion Overall, this triple antioxidant hydrogel accelerates wound healing by alleviating oxidative injury. Our study thus provides a new way about co-delivery of multiple antioxidant natural molecules from herbs via antioxidant nanoparticles for wound healing and skin regeneration.
Fetal Growth Restriction and a Single Umbilical Artery are Independent Predictors of Hypospadias During Pregnancy
Authors: Endo Toyohide , Iida Miho , Ichihashi Yosuke , Oishi Maki , Ikenoue Satoru , Kasuga Yoshifumi , Sato Takeshi , Hida Mariko , Ishii Tomohiro , Asanuma Hiroshi , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Tanaka Mamoru , Ochiai Daigo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective

To investigate the association between hypospadias (HS) and small fetuses using a database on fetal ultrasound and obstetric events.
Methods

A cohort of male singleton infants delivered after 22 weeks of gestation at Keio University Hospital between 2013 and 2019 was retrospectively reviewed. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) was defined by the Delphi criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the significant predictors of HS. Placental pathology was reviewed in cases with HS.
Results

2063 male infants delivered during the study period, 27 had HS. The prevalence of a single umbilical artery (SUA), small for gestational age, maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and a small placenta, were significantly higher in infants with HS. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of FGR and an SUA were independently and significantly associated with HS. The association of FGR with HS was significant regardless of the time of onset. Moreover, the review of placental histological findings suggested that fetal vascular malperfusion might play a role in HS.
Conclusion

Our study suggests that FGR and SUAs are independent prenatal predictors for the development of HS and that fetal vascular malperfusion of the placenta may be involved in the etiology of HS.
Study on Removal Mechanism and Surface Quality of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composites Based on Meso-Scale
Authors: Jin Po , Gao Qi , Wang Quanzhao , Li Wenbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The milling process of SiCp/Al composites with high volume fraction and large particle size has been studied in this paper. The stress and strain distribution of SiC reinforced particles and the removal mechanism of the material are analysed. The effects of milling depth and feed per tooth on surface quality were analysed. The effect of feed per tooth on the thickness of subsurface damage layer is revealed. The results show that in the end milling process of high volume fraction SiCp/Al composites, the blade diameter is larger relative to the particle size, which leads to the main removal forms of particle size: extrusion crushing and rolling crushing. The surface defects of the machined workpiece mainly include cavity, crack and delamination caused by extrusion of aluminum matrix. The surface quality of the machined workpiece can be improved by increasing the milling depth appropriately. The increase of the feed rate of each tooth will lead to the increase of the surface defect of the machined workpiece and the deterioration of the surface quality. When the feed rate per tooth increases from 4 to 8 µm, the thickness of subsurface damage increases from 47.7 to 60.5 µm. It found that the ratio between the minimum cutting thickness of SiCp/Al composites and the radius of the cutting edge should be less than or equal to 4%.
Determinant factors to the rural and remote medical workforce in Maluku Islands of Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Noya Farah Christina , Carr Sandra E , Thompson Sandra , Clifford Rhonda , Playford Denese 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Many factors contribute to engagement in rural and remote medical practice but little is known about the determinant factors of rural and remote medical practice in the such remote locations as the Maluku Province of Indonesia. This study describes determinants, preferences and intentions of doctors in the rural and remote practice.
Methods

An online survey of work-related experience and intentions for future rural work was administered to 410 doctors working in the Maluku province of Indonesia. Participant characteristics were described using descriptive statistics, associations between the independent variables with the location of workforce, preference for rural practice and intention to remain in rural and remote Maluku were analysed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression.
Results

A total of 324 responses (79% response rate) were recorded comprising 70% females and 30% Pattimura University graduates of doctors employed in Maluku. Graduating from Pattimura University was associated with a nearly twofold rate of current rural practice and preference for future rural practice compared to graduates of other universities, and also predicted intention to stay rural. Those with rural background were twice as likely to prefer future rural practice and intend to stay rural. Younger age was associated with twofold odds of current rural practice, preferred future rural practice, and intention to stay rural. Smaller salary was associated with current rural practice. Smaller take home pay predicted current rural practice, but negatively impacted preference for future rural practice and intention to remain rural (OR < 1). Being in their early career was associated with current rural practice, and with preferred future rural practice and intention to stay rural. Being currently in a rural practice strongly predicted preferred future rural practice and intention to remain in rural practice (OR 15).
Conclusion

This study provides evidence that rural background predicts rural preference and intention, and shows the importance of a regional medical school in supplying doctors to a rural and remote region of Indonesia with persistent medical workforce shortage. Sustained collaboration between medical schools and local government to implement relevant strategies is needed to improve the recruitment and retention of rural doctors.
“I Guess It Looks Worse to Me, It Doesn’t Look Like There’s Been a Problem Solved but Obviously There Is”: A Qualitative Exploration of Children’s and Their Parents’ Views of Silver Diamine Fluoride for the Management of Carious Lesions in Children
Authors: Seifo Nassar , Cassie Heather , Radford John , Innes Nicola 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite growing evidence to support the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for managing carious lesions, and the increased interest in SDF worldwide, uptake in the UK remains limited. This study explored parents’ and children’s views and acceptability of SDF for the management of carious lesions in children.
Methods
Eleven semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 11 parent-child dyads recruited from patients attending Dundee Dental Hospital and School. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and thematically analysed.
Results
Previous dental experience varied across all child participants. Of the 11 children, five had undergone general anaesthesia (GA) for multiple primary tooth extractions. Two had received SDF treatment. Child participants expressed concerns about being picked on by their peers, if they had discoloured anterior teeth. Younger children appeared less concerned about the discolouration and child’s gender did not appear to influence parents’ decision-making, nor the child’s preferences regarding the use of SDF. Parents considered SDF to be particularly useful for anxious or uncooperative children but raised concerns about potential bullying at schools due to the unacceptable dental aesthetics when SDF is applied to anterior teeth. They believed they may be judged by others as neglecting their child’s oral health due to the black staining. Both parents and children were more accepting of the SDF when applied to less-visible posterior teeth. Parents accepted the use of SDF if such treatment avoided extractions under GA.
Conclusion
Despite the unfavourable aesthetics of SDF (black staining), parents appreciated SDF treatment, especially for uncooperative or younger children. However, both parents and children shared concerns about bullying at schools as a consequence of the black staining. Raising awareness about SDF was identified as one approach to encourage the uptake of SDF.
Identification and Mapping Groundwater Potential Areas Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Wolaita Zone, Southern Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Estifanos Tesfaye Hailu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently water is becoming a vital natural resource that can be used for many things in human life i.e. hydropower generation, sanitation, drinking, irrigation, and transportation. But surface water is not enough to satisfy all demands of humans. So besides surface water, groundwater resource is by far huge in amount and not much exploited yet. Now a day exploitation of groundwater through hydrogeological surveying, identification, and delineation of better groundwater potential areas is implemented in many places of the world to satisfy the need for water. This research was done on the place where it is called the Wolaita zone located in the southern region of Ethiopia. The main objective of this research was to delineate and map the groundwater potential areas in terms of relative groundwater availability. Groundwater potential zone mapping was done using GIS and remote sensing integrated with the analytical hierarchical process to meet the objective. Seven thematic map layers (land use/cover, soil, slope, drainage density, lineament density, rainfall, and geology) were used as an input to the weighted overlay of layers for delineation of groundwater potential zones. As a result, the study area was classified into “poor”, “good” and “very good” groundwater potential zones. Accordingly, “poor” and “good” groundwater potential areas were occupying almost the same percentage from the total area which is 44.19% (198,0445ha) and 44.51% (199,460ha) respectively. But “very good” groundwater potential zones are covering 11.30% (50,652.2ha) of the study area. In this regard better groundwater potential areas were identified in the east and northern east direction of the study area. Wolaita zone was also clustered in 12 woredas and one town. From all twelve woredas, a High percentage of “very good” groundwater potential is found in Boloso sore, Duguna Fango, Boloso bombe and Damot sore woredas and relatively “poor” groundwater potential is situated in Kindo Koyisha, Kindo Didaye, Ofa, Humbo, and Sodo zuriya woredas and the remaining part of Wolaita zone is dominantly covered by “good” groundwater potential in Wolaita zone. Furtherly each woredas were also classified as “poor”, “good” and “very good” groundwater potential zones with their percentage of area coverage. Therefore the identified groundwater potential areas can be used for digging of wells and bore holes, conducting further research, a benchmark for water resource management practice, or as an input for policymakers to make research-based decisions.
Estimation of Carbon Sequestration Potential of Urban Trees in Educational Institution: With Special Reference to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Campus, Delhi, India
Authors: Mr Anand , Som Gunjan , Bhattacharya Prodyut 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Trees assimilate the atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis that stores tremendous CO2 from the atmosphere in biomass. Urban trees play a significant role in accumulating atmospheric CO2 in biomass and hence help climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. The study carried out on the campus of GGS IP University, Dwarka, Delhi. The living biomass stored in the trees of the campus calculated using allometric equations. The total area of campus is 60.436 acres that have 1657 trees in number. The diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of each tree was measured. The results reveal that Total Biomass and Carbon Stored are 248.29 tons and 124.14 tons, respectively. There is a total of 40 different species belonging to 21 families. Ficus virens is the dominant species followed by Ficus benjamina and Putranjiva roxburghii, respectively. In order to increase the carbon sinks, it is necessary to carry out the afforestation periodically. Therefore, a similar carbon sequestration study is required every ten years for green space planning, which is crucial in keeping ecosystem services optimal for the University Campus or educational institutes.
Mechanical and Energy Absorption Properties of Functionally Graded Lattice Structures based on Minimal Curved Surfaces
Authors: Ma Xiangyu , Zhang David Zhengwen , Zhao Miao , Jiang Junjie , Luo Fangqiong , Zhou Hailun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Compared with uniform structures, functionally graded lattice structures can control mechanical properties through varying structure and volume fraction. In this study, a three-period minimal surface method was used to generate functional lattice structure with linear or quadratic function (LF or QF) gradient strategy in the forming direction, and the samples were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) using Ti-6Al-4V metal powder. The mechanical properties, deformation behavior, and energy absorption performance of graded lattice, LF and QF I-Wrapped Package (IW-P) lattice structures were systematically investigated through experiment and finite element analysis (FEA). Based on the experiment and numerical simulation results, the LF lattice structure shows higher elastic modules and yield strength during small strain period. And the merits of performance increased layer-by-layer under large strain. Additionally, the simulation results based on Johnson-Cook and failure model show that this model can reflect structural compression deformation behavior and mechanical performance prediction. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of LF lattice structure is higher than uniform lattice structures by nearly 61.52% under the same volume fraction. Thence, the LF or QF lattice structures have better support performance under small strain and stronger energy absorption capacity under large strain with the same volume fraction compared with other lattice structures, which shows superior potential to be applied to manufacture protective devices or vibration damping devices.
IFI44L Gene Promoter is Differentially Methylated in Iranian Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Authors: Salesi Mansour , Dehabadi Milad Hayeri , Salehi Rasoul , Salehi Amirhossein , pakzad Bahram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are multisystemic autoimmune diseases with multifactorial nature. Considering limitations of the current conventional serological tests for diagnosis of these diseases, researchers strive to find new and more valid biomarkers. The methylation level of interferon-induced protein 44-like (IFI44L) promoter was evaluated in 69 patients with SLE, 61 patients with RA, and 71 healthy subjects. Quantitative methylation of the promoter region of IFI44L gene was measured in DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with methylation-quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) method. Our findings revealed a substantial hypomethylation of IFI44L promoter in SLE and RA patients compared with healthy volunteers (mean: 60.36%±64.54%, 47.59%±30.34%, and 89.17%±76.96%, respectively; PSLE= 0.018, PRA<0.001). In comparison between SLE and RA patients with control group, IFI44L promoter methylation had a sensitivity of 84/06% and 93/65% and specificity of 32/39% and 29/58, respectively. The promoter methylation level was not meaningfully different between SLE and RA patients (P > 0.05). Moreover, our analysis revealed that the methylation level of IFI44L promoter was not statistically significantly different between SLE disease activity and renal involvements (P > 0.05). While RA patients with a higher concentration of CRP had a lower DNA methylation level (P = 0.012). The methylation level of IFI44L promoter was lower in PBMCs of Iranian patients with SLE and RA than that control group. Furthermore, DNA methylation level of IFI44L promoter had a negative correlation with RA disease activity. However, there was not a significant association between clinical characteristics of SLE.