bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation‐free group sequential design with max‐combo tests in the presence of non‐proportional hazards
Authors: Wang Lili , Luo Xiaodong , Zheng Cheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNon‐proportional hazards (NPH) have been observed in many immuno‐oncology clinical trials. Weighted log‐rank tests (WLRT) with suitable weights can be used to improve the power of detecting the difference between survival curves in the presence of NPH. However, it is not easy to choose a proper WLRT in practice. A versatile max‐combo test was proposed to achieve the balance of robustness and efficiency, and has received increasing attention recently. Survival trials often warrant interim analyses due to their high cost and long durations. The integration and implementation of max‐combo tests in interim analyses often require extensive simulation studies. In this report, we propose a simulation‐free approach for group sequential designs with the max‐combo test in survival trials. The simulation results support that the proposed method can successfully control the type I error rate and offer excellent accuracy and flexibility in estimating sample sizes, with light computation burden. Notably, our method displays strong robustness towards various model misspecifications and has been implemented in an R package.
Laparoscopic versus robotic‐assisted Heller myotomy for the treatment of achalasia: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Julia , Vatsan Maansi S. , Gangemi Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRobotic‐assisted laparoscopic Heller myotomy has been proposed as an alternative minimally invasive approach to traditional laparoscopy for the treatment of achalasia. This systematic review aims to compare the safety and post‐operative outcomes of the two procedures.MethodsSystematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE through Ovid, Scopus and Cochrane to identify clinical trials and retrospective analyses. Outcome measures used for meta‐analysis included operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay, 30‐day readmission, intraoperative oesophageal perforation, conversion, mortality, morbidity, symptom relief beyond 1 year, re‐intervention for recurrent symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux during follow‐up rates.ResultsSeven studies were selected with a total of 3214 patients. The only factor to be statistically different is intraoperative oesophageal perforation rate, which is lower in robotic‐assisted Heller myotomy compared to laparoscopic (odds ratio = 0.1139; 95% confidence interval [0.0334, 0.3887]; p = 0.0005).ConclusionsThe results suggest a robotic approach is associated with improved patient safety.
The dynamics of power in disaster response networks
Authors: Boersma Kees , Ferguson Julie , Groenewegen Peter , Wolbers Jeroen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA major challenge for disaster scholars and policymakers is to understand the power dimension in response networks, particularly relating to collaboration and coordination. We propose a conceptual framework to study interests and negotiations in and between various civic and professional, response networks drawing on the concepts of “programming” and “switching” proposed by Manuel Castells in his work on the network society. Programming in disaster response refers to the ability to constitute response networks and to program/reprogram them in terms of the goals assigned to the network. Switching is the ability to connect different networks by sharing common goals and combining resources. We employ these concepts to understand how the US Federal Emergency Management Agency organized its response in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy. Our conceptual framework can be used both by disaster scholars and policymakers to understand how networked power is constructed and utilized.
Direct and Label‐Free Cell Status Monitoring of Spheroids and Microcarriers Using Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry
Authors: Gong Lingyan , Petchakup Chayakorn , Shi Pujiang , Tan Pei Leng , Tan Lay Poh , Tay Chor Yong , Hou Han Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract3D cellular spheroids/microcarriers (100 µm–1 mm) are widely used in biomanufacturing, and non‐invasive biosensors are useful to monitor cell quality in bioprocesses. In this work, a novel microfluidic approach for label‐free and continuous‐flow monitoring of single spheroid/microcarrier (hydrogel and Cytodex) based on electrical impedance spectroscopy using co‐planar Field's metal electrodes is reported. Through numerical simulation and experimental validation, two unique impedance signatures (|ZLF| (60 kHz), |ZHF| (1 MHz)) which are optimal for spheroid growth and viability monitoring are identified. Using a closed‐loop recirculation system, it is demonstrated that |ZLF| increases with breast cancer (MCF‐7) spheroid biomass, while higher opacity (impedance ratio |ZHF|/|ZLF|) indicates cell death due to compromised cell membrane. Anti‐cancer drug (paclitaxel)‐treated spheroids also exhibit lower |ZLF| with increased cell dissociation. Interestingly, impedance characterization of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on Cytodex microcarriers reveals that adipogenic cells (higher intracellular lipid content) exhibit higher impedance than osteogenic cells (more conductive due to calcium ions) for both microcarriers and single cell level. Taken together, the developed platform offers great versatility for multi‐parametric analysis of spheroids/microcarriers at high throughput (≈1 particle/s), and can be readily integrated into bioreactors for long‐term and remote monitoring of biomass and cell quality.
Cationic Flexible Organic Framework for Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Genetic Immunotherapy Against Tumors
Authors: Hao Kai , Lin Lin , Sun Pingjie , Hu Yingying , Atsushi Maruyama , Guo Zhaopei , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy is a new type of anti‐tumor therapy with excellent therapeutic effects and minor side effects. The key factor for photodynamic therapy is highly efficient loading and protection of photosensitizers. Covalent organic framework is a new type of organic porous material with rich sources and has huge development potential in the loading of photosensitizers. However, the π–π interaction between the rigid monomers inevitably causes aggregation and quenching between photosensitizers, which in turn affects the rate of reactive oxygen production. Here, newly designed cationic flexible organic framework nanoparticles (PEI‐Por NPs) are synthesized via one‐step method with PEI25K and meso‐tetra(p‐formylphenyl)porphyrin under microwave irradiation. The structure of the flexible organic framework can effectively inhibit the aggregation and quenching of porphyrin. In addition, PEI‐Por NPs had excellent gene transfection ability both in vitro and in vivo. Excellent antitumor effect can be achieved by combining PEI‐Por NPs’ photodynamic therapy capacity and PEI‐Por NPs‐mediated PD‐L1 gene silencing with the guidance of fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging. This cationic flexible organic framework material combines the advantages of flexible building units and rigid monomers, which provides a basis for the development of nano‐photosensitizers and excellent gene carriers, and has great potential for clinical application.
Supersymmetric gauged $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ model for electron and muon (g − 2) anomaly
Authors: Banerjee Heerak , Dutta Bhaskar , Roy Sourov 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Minimal gauged $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

models can provide for an additional source for the muon anomalous magnetic moment however it is difficult to accommodate the discrepancy in the electron magnetic moment in tandem. Owing to the relative sign between the discrepancies in these quantities, it seems unlikely that they arise from the same source. We show that a supersymmetric (SUSY) gauged $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

model can accommodate both the muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments in a very simple and intuitive scenario, without utilizing lepton flavor violation. The currently allowed parameter space in this kind of a scenario is constrained from the latest LHC and various low energy experimental data,e.g., recent COHERENT data, CCFR, Borexino, BaBaR, supernova etc. These constraints, in conjunction with the requirement to explain both lepton magnetic moments, lead to an upper bound on the first generation slepton mass, a lower bound on the second generation slepton mass and constricts the allowed range for the new gauge boson mass and coupling. The scheme can be probed at the ongoing COHERENT and Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills experiments and at future experiments, e.g., DUNE, BELLE-II etc.
Random field Ising model and Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetry. Part II. Renormalization group
Authors: Kaviraj Apratim , Rychkov Slava , Trevisani Emilio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We revisit perturbative RG analysis in the replicated Landau-Ginzburg description of the Random Field Ising Model near the upper critical dimension 6. Working in a field basis with manifest vicinity to a weakly-coupled Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetric fixed point (Cardy, 1985), we look for interactions which may destabilize the SUSY RG flow and lead to the loss of dimensional reduction. This problem is reduced to studying the anomalous dimensions of “leaders” — lowest dimension parts of Sn-invariant perturbations in the Cardy basis. Leader operators are classified as non-susy-writable, susy-writable or susy-null depending on their symmetry. Susy-writable leaders are additionally classified as belonging to superprimary multiplets transforming in particular OSp(d|2) representations. We enumerate all leaders up to 6d dimension ∆ = 12, and compute their perturbative anomalous dimensions (up to two loops). We thus identify two perturbations (with susy- null and non-susy-writable leaders) becoming relevant below a critical dimension dc ≈ 4.2 - 4.7. This supports the scenario that the SUSY fixed point exists for all 3 < d ⩽ 6, but becomes unstable for d < dc.
Bethe/gauge correspondence for SO/Sp gauge theories and open spin chains
Authors: Kimura Taro , Zhu Rui-Dong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, we extend the work of [1] to a Bethe/Gauge correspondence between 2d (or resp. 3d) SO/Sp gauge theories and open XXX (resp. XXZ) spin chains with diagonal boundary conditions. The case of linear quiver gauge theories is also considered.
Searching for charged lepton flavor violation at ep colliders
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Hammad A. , Rashed Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate the sensitivity of electron-proton (ep) colliders for charged lepton flavor violation (cLFV) in an effective theory approach, considering a general effective Lagrangian for the conversion of an electron into a muon or a tau via the effective coupling to a neutral gauge boson or a neutral scalar field. For the photon, the Z boson and the Higgs particle of the Standard Model, we present the sensitivities of the LHeC for the coefficients of the effective operators, calculated from an analysis at the reconstructed level. As an example model where such flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) operators are generated at loop level, we consider the extension of the Standard Model by sterile neutrinos. We show that the LHeC could already probe the LFV conversion of an electron into a muon beyond the current experimental bounds, and could reach more than an order of magnitude higher sensitivity than the present limits for LFV conversion of an electron into a tau. We discuss that the high sensitivities are possible because the converted charged lepton is dominantly emitted in the backward direction, enabling an efficient separation of the signal from the background.
On the Factor Opposing the Lebesgue Norm in Generalized Grand Lebesgue Spaces
Authors: Fiorenza Alberto , Formica Maria Rosaria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe prove that if $$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

and $$\delta :]0,p-1]\rightarrow ]0,\infty [$$

δ
:
]
0
,
p
-
1
]
→
]
0
,
∞
[

is continuous, nondecreasing, and satisfies the $$\Delta _2$$

Δ
2

condition near the origin, then This result permits to clarify the assumptions on the increasing function against the Lebesgue norm in the definition of generalized grand Lebesgue spaces and to sharpen and simplify the statements of some known results concerning these spaces.
An Almost Constant Lower Bound of the Isoperimetric Coefficient in the KLS Conjecture
Authors: Chen Yuansi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe prove an almost constant lower bound of the isoperimetric coefficient in the KLS conjecture. The lower bound has the dimension dependency$$d^{-o_d(1)}$$d-od(1). When the dimension is large enough, our lower bound is tighter than the previous best bound which has the dimension dependency$$d^{-1/4}$$d-1/4. Improving the current best lower bound of the isoperimetric coefficient in the KLS conjecture has many implications, including improvements of the current best bounds in Bourgain’s slicing conjecture and in the thin-shell conjecture, better concentration inequalities for Lipschitz functions of log-concave measures and better mixing time bounds for MCMC sampling algorithms on log-concave measures.
Überwachung von COVID-19 durch Erweiterung der etablierten Surveillance für Atemwegsinfektionen
Authors: Goerlitz Luise , Tolksdorf Kristin , Buchholz Udo , Prahm Kerstin , Preuß Ute , an der Heiden Matthias , Wolff Thorsten , Dürrwald Ralf , Nitsche Andreas , Michel Janine , Haas Walter , Buda Silke 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der nationalen Influenzapandemieplanung wurden in Deutschland neben dem Meldewesen gemäß Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) weitere Überwachungssysteme etabliert. Ziel dieser Systeme sind die Beschreibung, Analyse und Bewertung der Situation bei akuten respiratorischen Erkrankungen (ARE), die Identifikation der hauptsächlich zirkulierenden Atemwegserreger und die Beschreibung des zeitlichen Verlaufs. Seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden die Systeme erweitert, um auch Infektionen mit SARS-CoV‑2 erfassen zu können.In diesem Beitrag werden drei verschiedene Surveillance-Systeme für ARE vorgestellt: GrippeWeb, die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Influenza mit dem SEEDARE-Modul (Sentinel zur elektronischen Erfassung von Diagnosecodes) und das Krankenhaus-Sentinel ICOSARI (ICD-10-code-basierte Krankenhaus-Surveillance schwerer akuter respiratorischer Infektionen). Mit diesen Systemen können ARE auf Bevölkerungsebene, im ambulanten und im stationären Bereich überwacht werden. Zusammen mit dem Monitoring der Mortalität liefern sie wichtige Hinweise zur Häufigkeit verschieden schwerer Krankheitsverläufe in der Bevölkerung. Um die Systeme für SARS-CoV‑2 zu erweitern, waren nur wenige Anpassungen notwendig.Da die Falldefinitionen für ARE nicht geändert wurden, können in den beschriebenen Systemen historische Zeitreihen zum Vergleich herangezogen werden. Alle Systeme sind so aufgebaut, dass stabile und etablierte Bezugsgrößen für die Berechnung von wöchentlichen Anteilen und Raten zur Verfügung stehen. Dies ist eine wichtige Ergänzung zum Meldewesen gemäß IfSG, welches stark von Testkapazitäten und -strategien sowie veränderten Falldefinitionen abhängt. Die Surveillance-Systeme haben sich in der COVID-19-Pandemie auch im internationalen Vergleich als praktikabel und effizient erwiesen.
Kompromittierung durch additive Cerclagen
Authors: von der Helm F. , Reuter J. , Adolf-Lisitano L. , Mayr E. , Förch S. 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die Therapie der Humerusschaftfraktur ist vielfältig und oft problematisch. Neben der konservativen Therapie konkurrieren Marknagel- und Plattenosteosynthese miteinander; bislang existiert kein Goldstandard. Aus biomechanischen Überlegungen bieten sich für die Versorgung von Spiralfrakturen additive Cerclagen an. Die Argumente gegen deren Verwendung sind zum einen die Gefahr von Radialisläsionen, zum anderen eine mutmaßliche Störung der Fragmentdurchblutung. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Analyse sekundärer Radialisläsionen bei der Anwendung additiver, limitiert invasiver Cerclagen bei der antegraden Nagelosteosynthese von Humerusschaftfrakturen.

Methodik
In dieser retrospektiven Studie erfolgen die klinische und die neurologische Untersuchung von 102 Patienten, welche im Zeitraum von 5 Jahren bei einer Humerusschaftfraktur operativ versorgt wurden. Insgesamt wurden zur Marknagelosteosynthese 193 Cerclagen durch einen limitiert invasiven Zugang eingebracht.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung
Bei 4 Patienten (3,9 %) zeigte sich eine sekundäre Radialisläsion im Rahmen der operativen Stabilisierung. Die neurophysiologische und neurosonographische Untersuchung zeigten in keinem Fall eine Kompromittierung des Nerven durch Einschlingen oder gar Durchtrennung durch die additive Cerclage. Zwei Nervenläsionen erholten sich innerhalb von 3 bzw. 6 Monaten spontan. In den anderen 2 Fällen konnte der Verlauf aufgrund eines Exitus letalis nicht über 12 Monate dokumentiert werden.
Mit 3,9 % der iatrogenen Radialisläsionen liegt die Rate an Nervenläsionen im unteren Bereich dessen, was in der Literatur für die operative Therapie von Humerusschaftfrakturen beschrieben wird (3–12 %). Durch die limitiert invasive, additive Cerclage ergibt sich somit kein erhöhtes Risiko für die iatrogene Schädigung des N. radialis.
PET/CT imaging for evaluation of multimodal treatment efficacy and toxicity in advanced NSCLC—current state and future directions
Authors: Eze Chukwuka , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Sawicki Lino Morris , Kirchner Julian , Roengvoraphoj Olarn , Käsmann Lukas , Mittlmeier Lena M. , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Tufman Amanda , Dinkel Julien , Ricke Jens , Belka Claus , Manapov Farkhad , Unterrainer Marcus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced NSCLC, leading to a string of approvals in recent years. Herein, a narrative review on the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in the ever-evolving treatment landscape of advanced NSCLC is presented.

Methods
This comprehensive review will begin with an introduction into current treatment paradigms incorporating ICIs; the evolution of CT-based criteria; moving onto novel phenomena observed with ICIs and the current state of hybrid imaging for diagnosis, treatment planning, evaluation of treatment efficacy and toxicity in advanced NSCLC, also taking into consideration its limitations and future directions.

Conclusions
The advent of ICIs marks the dawn of a new era bringing forth new challenges particularly vis-à-vis treatment response assessment and observation of novel phenomena accompanied by novel systemic side effects. While FDG PET/CT is widely adopted for tumor volume delineation in locally advanced disease, response assessment to immunotherapy based on current criteria is of high clinical value but has its inherent limitations. In recent years, modifications of established (PET)/CT criteria have been proposed to provide more refined approaches towards response evaluation. Not only a comprehensive inclusion of PET-based response criteria in prospective randomized controlled trials, but also a general harmonization within the variety of PET-based response criteria is pertinent to strengthen clinical implementation and widespread use of hybrid imaging for response assessment in NSCLC.
The impact of reducing the femoral stem length in total hip arthroplasty during gait
Authors: Wiik Anatole Vilhelm , Aqil Adeel , Al-Obaidi Bilal , Brevadt Mads , Cobb Justin Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim
The length of the femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a practical consideration to prevent gait impairment. The aim of this study was to determine if reducing the femoral stem length in THA would lead to impaired gait biomechanics.

Methods
Patients uniformly with the same brand implant of differing lengths (100 mm vs 140–166 mm) were taken retrospectively from a prospective trial introducing a new short stem. Twelve patients without any other disorder to alter gait besides contralateral differing length stem THA were tested at differing gradients and speed on a validated instrumented treadmill measuring ground reaction forces. An anthropometrically similar group of healthy controls were analysed to compare.

Results
With the same posterior surgical approach, the offset and length of both hips were reconstructed within 5 mm of each other with an identical mean head size of 36 mm. The short stem was the last procedure for all the hips with gait analysis occurring at a mean of 31 and 79 months postoperatively for the short and long stem THA, respectively. Gait analysis between limbs of both stem lengths demonstrated no statistical difference during any walking condition. In the 90 gait assessments with three loading variables, the short stem was the favoured side 51% of the time compared 49% for the long stem.

Conclusion
By testing a range of practical walking activities, no lower limb loading differences can be observed by reducing the femoral stem length. A shorter stem demonstrates equivalence in preference during gait when compared to a reputable conventional stem in total hip arthroplasty.
Association of non-HLA antibodies against endothelial targets and donor-specific HLA antibodies with antibody-mediated rejection and graft function in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Fichtner Alexander , Süsal Caner , Höcker Britta , Rieger Susanne , Waldherr Rüdiger , Westhoff Jens H , Sander Anja , Dragun Duska , Tönshoff Burkhard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Non-HLA antibodies against endothelial targets have been implicated in the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), but data in pediatric patients are scarce.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a carefully phenotyped single-center (University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Germany) cohort of 62 pediatric kidney transplant recipients (mean age at transplantation, 8.6 ± 5.0 years) at increased risk of graft function deterioration. Patients had received their transplant between January 1, 1999, and January 31, 2010. We examined at time of late index biopsies (more than 1-year post-transplant, occurring after January 2004) the association of antibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), the endothelin type A receptor (ETAR), the MHC class I chain-like gene A (MICA), and vimentin in conjunction with overall and complement-binding donor-specific HLA antibodies (HLA-DSA) with graft histology and function.

Results
We observed a high prevalence (62.9%) of non-HLA antibody positivity. Seventy-two percent of HLA-DSA positive patients showed additional positivity for at least one non-HLA antibody. Antibodies against AT1R, ETAR, and MICA were associated with the histological phenotype of ABMR. The cumulative load of HLA-DSA and non-HLA antibodies in circulation was related to the degree of microinflammation in peritubular capillaries. Non-HLA antibody positivity was an independent non-invasive risk factor for graft function deterioration (adjusted hazard ratio 6.38, 95% CI, 2.11–19.3).

Conclusions
Our data indicate that the combined detection of antibodies to HLA and non-HLA targets may allow a more comprehensive assessment of the patients’ immune responses against the kidney allograft and facilitates immunological risk stratification.