bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DEFESA DO CONTRIBUINTE E O PROCESSO ADMINISTRATIVO FISCAL
Authors: Silva Tainá Belo Paz da , Rocha Suyene Monteiro da 
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o funcionamento do processo administrativo fiscal, sob a ótica do decreto lei nº 70.235/72, com ênfase na sua fase contenciosa e concatenou com a execução dos meios de defesa do contribuinte deliberadamente apoiados nos princípios da constituição. A partir de seu objeto central de estudo o Processo Administrativo Fiscal (PAF) a pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva, alicerçada no método dedutivo, com uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando as técnicas documental e bibliográfica. Se caracteriza por ser um estudo multifacetado ao conectar o direito tributário, direito administrativo e o direito constitucional. Por fim a exposição desse trabalho teve como escopo a análise do funcionamento do PAF e concluiu-se sobre a importância do cumprimento das fases procedimentais de arguição de defesa do sujeito passivo no processo administrativo fiscal, com observância das garantias fundamentais constitucionais no âmbito administrativo, e evidenciou-se a importância das impugnações ante as atividades e arbitrariedades estatais.
Optimal Cloud Assistance Policy of End-Edge-Cloud Ecosystem for Mitigating Edge Distributed Denial of Service Attacks
Authors: Li Teng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Edge computing has become a fundamental technology for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To provide reliable services for latency-sensitive applications, edge servers must respond to end devices within the shortest amount of time possible. Edge distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, which render edge servers unusable by legitimate IoT applications by sending heavy requests from distributed attacking sources, is a threat that leads to severe latency. To protect edge servers from DDoS attacks, a hybrid computing paradigm known as an end-edge-cloud ecosystem provides a possible solution. Cloud assistance is allowed with this architecture. Edge servers can upload their pending tasks onto a cloud center for a workload reduction when encountering a DDoS attack, similar to borrowing resources from the cloud. Nevertheless, before using the ecosystem to mitigate edge DDoS attacks, we must address the core problem that edge servers must decide when and to what extent they should upload tasks to the cloud center. In this study, we focus on the design of optimal cloud assistance policies. First, we propose an edge workload evolution model that describes how the workload of the edge servers change over time with a given cloud assistance policy. On this basis, we quantify the effectiveness of the policy by using the resulting overall latency and formulate an optimal control problem for seeking optimal policies that can minimize such latency. We then provide solutions by deriving the optimality system and discuss some properties of the optimal solutions to accelerate the problem solving. Next, we introduce a numerical iterative algorithm to seek solutions that can satisfy the optimality system. Finally, we provide several illustrative numerical examples. The results show that the optimal policies obtained can effectively mitigate edge DDoS attacks.
Watershed prioritization for soil erosion mapping for the Lesser Himalayan Indian basin using PCA, WSA method in conjunction with morphometric parameters and GIS-based approach
Authors: Kumar Atul , Singh Sunil , Pramanik Malay , Chaudhary Shairy , Maurya Ashwani Kumar , Kumar Manoj 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Watersheds in the subtropical Himalayan basins are highly prone to land degradation due to deforestation, landslides, intensive agriculture, population pressure, and overgrazing, in particular, where various fluvial and denudation processes occur. It is important to assess the magnitude of problem and to understand the erosion process under normal conditions, so that effective measures can be implemented. Therefore, the study selected Kalsa watershed from the Lesser Himalayan region, where soil erosion is more prominent. Regarding this issue, to identify the hotspot of soil erosion of the basin, watershed prioritization methods using advanced geographical information system and remote sensing techniques integrated with weighted sum analysis (WSA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, a comparison has been made to evaluate the performance of these models. The study considered sixteen different morphometric parameters, including linear (Rho coefficient, stream frequency, drainage density, length of overland flow, drainage texture, and constant of channel maintenance); landscape (relative relief, relief ratio, basin slope, and ruggedness number); and shape (elongation ratio, form factor, circulatory ratio, and compactness coefficient). Both the method PCA and WSA indicate the same results showing high priority, meaning the outlet watersheds have high priority. The sub-watersheds in the north-eastern part have the lowest priority. The results also show that the length overland flow, relative relief, basin relief ratio and hypsometric integral are the most important indicators. The sub-watersheds prioritize high ranks, medium ranks, and low ranks out of 10 sub-watersheds covering about 45.32%, 27.78% and 26.90% area of the Kalsa River watershed, respectively. This study will help regional planners, farmers, and governments take more detailed decisions to propose efficient soil erosion control measures and conservation priorities of the watershed. The study findings have implications for sustainable land management and conservation goal targets (target 2.3 and 2.4; target 3.9; target 13.1, 13.2 and 13.3; target 15.3 and 15.4), which finally helps to achieve the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Active Management of Fruit Orchard Meadows Under The Influence of Suburbanization is Important for Insect Diversity
Authors: Rada Patrik , Bogusch Petr , Pech Pavel , Pavlíček Jan , Rom Jiří , Horák Jakub 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fruit orchards under different types of management represent the most common agroforestry practice in central Europe. Traditional fruit orchards with trees usually planted in meadows are at a surplus, providing suitable habitats for many plant and animal species. We examined the influence of different management and biotope types on three insect groups. This study was conducted in thirty orchards across the capital city of the Czech Republic – Prague (496 km²). We investigated the diversities of butterflies, hymenopterans and beetles. Their species richnesses mainly benefitted from orchard management and were partly higher at xerothermic sites than at mesic sites. Red-listed species did not show any clear patterns. Open-landscape specialists were influenced by management, while forest species were influenced by habitat type. Generally, orchard abandonment led to insect biodiversity loss. Therefore, active agricultural management appears to be essential for insect biodiversity conservation in orchards, and different management and biotope types provide suitable conditions for specific species. Mowing and maintaining orchards are two important biodiversity management actions in highly human-populated landscapes.
Sero-epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Darfur area, Western Sudan
Authors: Alfouz Wefag , A/Raouf Yazeed , Ahmed Nussiba , Hamid Alsadig E. , Osman Nussieba A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A total of 367 bovine sera positive to antibodies against non-structural proteins (NSPs) of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus were screened for serotype O, A and SAT2 antibodies using the virus neutralization test (VNT). Sera had been collected in 2016 from North (228) and South (139) Darfur States in Western Sudan, where high and low circulation of FMD virus, respectively, prevailed. Tested sera represented the positive-NSPs lot in a random sample of 669 sera collected from both States. According to standard statistical methods, calculations for serial testing (NSPs ELISA and VNT) were applied to estimate prevalence rates of serotype specific antibodies in the two States. In each State, around 20% of NSPs positive sera failed typing. Prevalence's detected were 49%±5% (O), 27%±5% (A) and 14%±4% (SAT2) in North Darfur State and 27%±5% (O), 17%±4% (A) and 8.0%±3% (SAT2) in South Darfur State. In both States, prevalence rates were significantly higher for serotype O, followed by A then SAT2; the same order that was known in most parts of Sudan. Consistently, estimated prevalence's were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) in North Darfur than in South Darfur State. Apart from serotype SAT2, detected prevalence rates were lower or similar to those inside the country in previous occasions. Frequency and pattern of distribution of serotype O prevalence were consistent with its suggested pattern of circulation from the Nile valley to other parts in Sudan and significant within the country's circulation. Alternatively, serotype SAT2 prevalence and distribution in Darfur area were suggestive of sporadic occurrence. However, slightly higher prevalence rates of SAT2 antibodies in Darfur than in neighbouring Kordofan areas in 2013 reflected the wide dissemination of SAT2 (http://www.wrlfmd.org) in Sudan in early 2014. Risk of FMD in Darfur seemed to be associated with the movement of animals to the North in the wet season as part of the pastoral system, and with movement related to trade into urban centers more than with pastoralism across the Western borders. Generally, the result presented little evidence to suggest presence of FMD primary endemic foci in Darfur area.
A Substitute Presumptive Test for Screening of Semen using Sodium –p– Nitrophenyl Phosphate (NaPNPP)
Authors: Njau Daniel , Lunayo Accadius , Odour Johansen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn forensic investigation of alleged sexual crimes, presumptive semen detection test methods are commonly used to reach preliminary identification of seminal fluid in questioned samples. These methods are based on the detection of components of semen such as enzyme acid phosphatase (AP). Of these methods, the acid phosphatase identification method still remains the most reliable and widely used presumptive test due to high activity of the AP in seminal fluid. In standard AP test, Bretamine Fast Blue B (FBB) reagent is used. However FBB has been explicitly classified as carcinogenic. Although FBB has been handled safely over time, there is a need at the moment to develop a simple, readily available, reliable and efficient method for screening the presence of semen in any material collected as evidence in a sexual assault crime.Given the improved sensitivity of DNA profiling tests that have been introduced in to routine forensic casework over recent years, the need for improved sensitivity at this first stage of detection has never been higher. FindingsHere we highlight a simple method using readily available reagents in standard biochemical laboratory as a substitute for the standard AP test for seminal fluid identification from a crime scene. This method is based on the hydrolysis of sodium–p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 5.5 by the acid phosphatase to produce an intense yellow coloured complex in 15 seconds. ConclusionsThe method presented is sensitive, reliable, efficient and routinely used in standard biochemical and pathology laboratories for spectrophotometric analysis of alkaline phosphatase. It can be easily and readily applied as a preliminary test for identification of semen at a crime scene that involves sexual assault.
Multiple-deme parallel genetic algorithm based on modular neural network for effective load shedding
Authors: Gholami-Rahimabadi Ali , Razmi Hadi , Doagou-Mojarrad Hasan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the most effective corrective control strategies to prevent voltage collapse and instability is load shedding. In this paper, a multiple-deme parallel genetic algorithm (MDPGA) is used for a suitable design of load shedding. The load shedding algorithm is implemented when the voltage stability margin index of the power system is lower than a predefined value. In order to increase the computational speed, the voltage stability margin index is estimated by a modular neural network method in a fraction of a second. In addition, in order to use the exact values of the voltage stability margin index for neural network training, a simultaneous equilibrium tracing technique has been employed considering the detailed model of the components of the generating units such as the governor and the excitation system. In the proposed algorithm, the entire population is partitioned into several isolated subpopulations (demes) in which demes distributed in different processors and individuals may migrate occasionally from one subpopulation to another. The proposed technique has been tested on New England-39 bus test system and the obtained results indicate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Variation Characteristics Of Different Types And Grades of Daily Precipitation In Tarim Basin
Authors: Abbas Alim , Zhang Tai-xi , He Qing , Bo Lu , Jin Lili , Zhang Junlan , Salam Akida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, climate change has attracted many researchers worldwide, among which the analysis of different levels of precipitation changes is essential. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations in the precipitation amount, precipitation days, precipitation intensity, and contribution rates in the Tarim Basin (TB) from 1961–2019. Our results demonstrate that the annual mean rainstorm, trace amounts of snow, and light snow exhibit downward trends, while all the other precipitation types increase. Both rainfall and snowfall were mainly concentrated in the western mountainous region. Rainstorms in the eastern parts of the TB were significantly higher than those in the western parts. Heavy rainstorm intensity is mainly concentrated on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The spatial distribution of trace amounts of snow, light snow, and moderate snow intensities has no prominent regional distribution characteristics. Heavy snow is mainly concentrated in the northern parts of the TB, whereas snowstorms are mainly concentrated in the western parts of the TB. Heavy snowstorms occur at a few stations in western mountainous areas. The relative contribution to total precipitation is the largest for rainfall, the second largest for snowfall, and the smallest for rain and snow. In the TB, the contribution of light rain/light drizzle to the total rainfall is the largest or smallest at 42-71 %/0.8-2.2 %. The contribution of light snow/trace amounts of snow to the total snowfall is the higest and lowest between 28.74~71.95 % and 1.60~13.61 %.
Towards a business case for CO2 mineralisation in the cement industry
Authors: Strunge Till , Renforth Phil , Spek Mijndert Van der 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cement industry is responsible for approximately 7% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions with low margins and the highest carbon intensity of any industry per unit of revenue. To encourage complete decarbonisation of the cement industry, strategies must be found in which GHG emission reductions are incentivised. Here we show through integrated techno-economic modelling that CO2 mineralisation using silicate minerals results in emission reductions of 6–31% while generating an additional profit of up to €28 per tonne cement. In order to create positive CO2 mineralisation business cases three conditions are paramount: the resulting products must be used as a supplementary material in cement blends, the storage of CO2 in minerals must be eligible for ETS credits or similar, and the feedstock minerals must be available in close proximity ( < ~ 550km, transported by truck and train).
Inner Product of Fuzzy Vectors
Authors: Wu Hsien-Chung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The inner product of vectors of non-normal fuzzy intervals will be studied in this paper by using the extension principle and the form of decomposition theorem. The membership functions of inner product will be different with respect to these two different methodologies. Since the non-normal fuzzy interval is more general than the normal fuzzy interval, the corresponding membership functions will become more complicated. Therefore, we shall establish their relationship including the equivalence and fuzziness based on the a-level sets. The potential application of inner product of fuzzy vectors is to study the fuzzy linear optimization problems.
Magnetic and Soil Parameters as a Potential Indicator of Soil Pollution
Authors: Murthuza Mohammed , Kuzhali Surumbar , Narasimhan Lakshmi , V .Thirukumaran , A Chandrasekaran , Ganesh Durai , sankar Ravi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to look into the effect of land use or human activity on soil samples and to distinguish between pollution from anthropogenic sources or natural sources using magnetic susceptibility and statistical method. In soil samples from Tiruvannamalai Dist, Tamilnadu, magnetic susceptibility measurements at low frequency (lf) and high frequency (hf) were carried out. The physic-chemical properties such as % of sand, silt, clay, Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH in soil samples were determined using the standard methods. This research involves the identification of ferrimagntic minerals in soil samples from various locations in Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, using frequency-dependent susceptibility. The mean value of low and high frequency magnetic susceptibility are found to be 273.39 ×10-8m3 kg-1 and 270.51×10-8m3kg-1 respectively. In some locations, the magnetic enhancement value suggests a high concentration of ferrimagntic minerals in the soil. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as factor analysis (FA), Pearson correlation (PC), and cluster analysis (CA), is used to determine the role of physic-chemical parameters on magnetic susceptibilities and to assess the contamination level of soil samples. This analysis revealed that magnetic susceptibility can be used as a proxy for determining the level of contamination in the soil.
Thrombus-targeting therapy with apyrase-annexin V fusion attenuates thrombosis without bleeding
Authors: Chen Ridong , Abendschein Dana , Jeong Soon Seog , Wakefield Thomas , Diaz Jose , Bergonzi Karla , Shokeen Monica , Leadley Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Antithrombotic therapy is essential to prevent thrombotic reocclusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or venous thromboembolism. However, current antithrombotic drugs cause bleeding that limits dose and clinical effectiveness. Previously, we reported that APT102 (AZD3366), a human apyrase optimized to scavenge extracellular ADP and ATP, exhibited potent antiplatelet efficacy without bleeding in experimental myocardial infarction and stroke. Here we describe APT402, an optimized fusion of APT102 and annexin V that uniquely inhibits both platelet and coagulation components of thrombus growth. APT402 preferentially bound to injured vessels and thrombus and prevented thrombotic occlusion in arterial and venous thrombosis models, without increasing bleeding. Thus, APT402 breaks the confounding link between antithrombotic efficacy and bleeding, pioneering a safe and effective approach to prevent and treat a broad range of thrombotic diseases, and may be particularly useful in clinical conditions associated with high bleeding risks.
Emerging Infectious Outbreak Inhibits Pain Empathy Mediated Prosocial Willingness
Authors: Cao Siqi , Qi Yanyan , Huang Qi , Wang Yuanchen , Han Xinchen , Liu Xun , Wu Haiyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The pandemic of COVID-19 sets off public psychological crises and impacts social functioning. Pre-pandemic research has shown that as the mental resource wears out under long-term distress, empathy exhaustion will happen. While prosocial activities are positively linked to empathy, quantitative research on the pandemic's effect on empathy and prosocial willingness has been insufficiently examined. Prosocial behaviors are carried out during a life-threatening time to promote communication and encourage community members to survive emergencies such as food shortages and natural disasters.
Methods
This study examined the shifts in emotion, empathy and prosocial behaviors between the pre-pandemic and pandemic era in China. Before (N = 520, 11/21/2019-11/23/2019) and after (N = 570, 2/23/2020-2/24/2020) the COVID-19 pandemic, we explored an empathy-driven prosociality relationship through an online task and questionnaires with a total of 1,190 participants. Chi-square test, independent samples t-tests, linear regression analysis and correlation analysis were used for the data characteristics comparisons between the pre-outbreak and outbreak peak era datasets. Mediation and moderation models were also computed.
Results
The present study found a population-based decline in empathy that ultimately affected prosocial willingness. Moreover, a distance effect in such a situation, consistent with the ripple effect, affected the way in which short-term anxiety during the outbreak influences empathic concern.
Conclusions
The empathic concern could have positively predicted prosocial willingness through the perception of the others’ pain, while this relationship became less salient over the pandemic era. Measures are required to mitigate the adverse effects of empathy fatigue after the outbreak of COVID-19.
Controller Design For Hybrid Systems With Nonlinear Sub-Systems Using Common Lyapunov Functions
Authors: Fan Zhi , Fang Yongchun , Wu Yinan , Liu Cunhuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hybrid systems are common in real life and have been studied in many different fields. However, due to the interaction of different sub-systems, a hybrid system is much more complex than a mono-dynamic one, where great challenges are confronted when seeking stable controllers either for linear or nonlinear systems. The traditional design scheme for such a system, namely, to design a controller for each sub-system separately, cannot yield satisfactory performance, since the switches between sub-systems are not specifically considered. In fact, the controllers constructed in this way are usually of poor performance, or even unstable, as a disastrous effect caused by the alternation of sub-systems. In this paper, considering the aforementioned problem, a control scheme is proposed to design suitable controllers for hybrid systems to achieve overall stabilization by taking account of the switching behaviors of the system, as well as its sub-systems carefully. The design scheme consists of two steps, wherein the first step aims to design sub-controllers for different sub-systems, usually with different Lyapunov functions, while a common Lyapunov function candidate is composed in the second step to modify the previously designed sub-controllers correspondingly. Following this design scheme, not only the stability, but also the performance of the closed-loop hybrid systems, is successfully guaranteed. Some simulation results are provided to show the satisfactory performance of the proposed design scheme.