bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic chemistry in the protosolar analogue HOPS-108: Environment matters
Authors: Chahine L. , López-Sepulcre A. , Neri R. , Ceccarelli C. , Mercimek S. , Codella C. , Bouvier M. , Bianchi E. , Favre C. , Podio L. , Alves F. O. , Sakai N. , Yamamoto S. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Hot corinos are compact regions around solar-mass protostellar objects that are very rich in interstellar Complex Organic Molecules (iCOMs). How the abundance of these molecules is affected by the environmental physical conditions is still an open question. More specifically, addressing this point is key to understand our own chemical origins since the Solar System formed in a large cluster of low- to high-mass stars and was therefore subject to external heating and ultraviolet irradiation which may have shaped the chemistry of its early formation stages.
Aims. The goal of this high resolution study is to determine the abundance ratios of iCOMs in HOPS-108, which is a Class 0 protostar and a hot corino candidate located in the nearest Solar System analogue, the protostellar cluster OMC-2 FIR 4, in Orion. We aim to compare the abundance ratios to those found in other hot corinos, which are all located in less crowded environments, in order to understand the impact of environmental conditions on hot corinos’ chemistry.
Methods. We observed the OMC-2 FIR 4 proto-cluster using the Band 6 of the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimetre Array in Cycle 4 with an angular resolution of ~0.′′28 (110 au). We determined the abundances and temperature of the species using local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE analysis.
Results. Our results reveal a rich organic chemistry towards HOPS-108, asserting that it is a hot corino where the following iCOMs are detected: CH3OH, HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3, CH318OH, CH2DOH, CH3COCH3, CH3CHO, CH3CN, 13CH3CN, C2H5CN, and NH2CHO. Remarkably, we find a possible enhancement in the HCOOCH3 abundance with respect to other known hot corinos. Indeed, the [CH3OCH3]/[HCOOCH3] abundance ratio in this source is ~0.2 and, within the uncertainties, it deviates from the known correlation marginally where [CH3OCH3]/[HCOOCH3] ~1. A relatively low [CH2DOH]/[CH3OH] abundance ratio of ~0.02 is also obtained, which is in agreement with that found in another Orion source, HH212, suggesting a higher gas temperature during the early phases of ice mantle formation.
Conclusions. The [CH3OCH3]/[HCOOCH3] and [CH2DOH]/[CH3OH] abundance ratios in HOPS-108 might result from different physical conditions in the Orion molecular complex compared to other regions. The former ratio cannot be reproduced with current chemical models, highlighting the importance of improving the chemical networks with theoretical calculations. More hot corinos located in heavily clustered regions such as Orion should be targeted in order to measure these ratios and evaluate whether they are an environmental product or whether HOPS-108 is an exceptional hot corino overall.
Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis bei einem Hund
Authors: Dultz Regina , Goldhammer Marc 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungBei der Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis (FSME) handelt es sich um eine beim Hund selten diagnostizierte durch Zecken übertragene Infektionskrankheit. Die Diagnosestellung einer Infektion mit dem FSME-Virus (FSMEV) am lebenden Tier basiert auf dem gleichzeitigen Vorliegen typischer klinisch-neurologischer Symptome, einem akuten und rasch progressiven Krankheitsverlauf, einem Nachweis FSMEV-spezifischer Antikörper (im Liquor cerebrospinalis) oder einem FSMEV-RNA-Nachweis (in Blut oder Liquor) und einer nachgewiesenen Pleozytose im Liquor. Im beschriebenen Fall war aufgrund der Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Untersuchungen von dem Vorliegen einer FSME auszugehen. Zu den klassischen Symptomen einer klinisch-manifesten FSME zählt neben einer Hyperthermie und zentralnervösen Störungen (Ataxie, Hyperästhesie, Krampfanfälle, Wesensveränderungen) häufig eine Dolenz bei der Flexion der Halswirbelsäule. Im beschriebenen Fall konnte eine chronische Verlaufsform mit einer Regenerationszeit von mehreren Monaten dokumentiert werden. Die Behandlung erfolgt symptomatisch, da es bislang keine spezifische Therapie gibt. Ein Impfstoff gegen FMSE ist in der Veterinärmedizin, im Gegensatz zur Humanmedizin, derzeit nicht zugelassen. Die Zeckenprophylaxe stellt daher momentan die einzige Möglichkeit zur Prävention einer FSME beim Hund dar.
Chronische Enteropathien bei der Katze – diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte
Authors: Ewald Nicole , Rödler Frauke , Heilmann Romy M. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungUnter chronischen Enteropathien werden Erkrankungen zusammengefasst, die mit Vomitus, Diarrhö, Anorexie und Gewichtsverlust einhergehen und über einen längeren Zeitraum (mindestens 3 Wochen) oder chronisch intermittierend vorliegen. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt als Ausschlussdiagnostik durch Kot- und Blutuntersuchungen (T4, Leber- und Pankreasdiagnostik, Tests auf Infektionen durch FeLV, FIV, Vitamin-B12-Status), bildgebende Verfahren, ggf. die Untersuchung von Gewebeproben aus dem Gastrointestinaltrakt sowie das Ansprechen auf eine diagnostische Therapie. Der Sammelbegriff chronische Enteropathie beinhaltet die Futtermittel-responsive Enteropathie (FRE), die Antibiotika-responsive Enteropathie (ARE), Immunsuppressiva-responsive bzw. -refraktäre Enteropathie (IRE), auch idiopathische Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Das kleinzellige („low-grade“) alimentäre Lymphom (LGAL) stellt insbesondere bei älteren Katzen eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose dar. Numerische Bewertungssysteme wie der „feline chronic enteropathy activity index“ (FCEAI) ermöglichen es, den Schweregrad der Erkrankung und damit auch das Ansprechen auf die Behandlung einzuschätzen. Die Prognose hängt von der Erkrankungsursache ab. Die FRE hat bei gut umsetzbarer diätetischer Therapie eine recht gute Langzeitprognose. Bei der IRE variiert der Therapieerfolg zwischen gutem Ansprechen bis zu Therapieversagen (nicht responsive Enteropathie, NRE) oder häufigen Rückfällen. Mit entsprechender Behandlung ist die Prognose des LGAL vergleichsweise günstig (mediane Überlebenszeit 510–704 Tage).
Psychologische Strategien der Bewegungstherapie in der stationären, orthopädischen Rehabilitation – Ein-Gruppen Prä-Post-Evaluation einer Fortbildung für Bewegungstherapeut*innen
Authors: Göhner Wiebke , Schagg Daniela , Küffner Roland , Reusch Andrea 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungKörperliche Aktivität verbessert Erkrankungsverläufe und hat daher in der stationären orthopädischen Rehabilitation einen hohen Stellenwert. Personen mit muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen fällt es jedoch oft schwer, auch im Alltag aktiv zu bleiben. Um die langfristige Bewegungsaktivität im Alltag zu unterstützen, sollte die Bewegungstherapie verhaltensbezogen erfolgen 10. Dazu können psychologische Strategien der Verhaltensänderung eingesetzt werden (im Folgenden: Strategien der Bewegungsförderung). Da Bewegungstherapeut*innen (BT) den Transfer von Bewegungsaktivität in den Alltag unterstützen, sollten sie über Wissen und Kompetenzen verfügen, um wirksame verhaltensbezogene Strategien der Bewegungsförderung zielgerichtet und präzise einzusetzen. Bislang wurde selten systematisch evaluiert, wie die Wissensvermittlung und Kompetenzförderung zur verhaltensbezogenen Bewegungstherapie und zur Nutzung dieser Strategien in Fortbildungen gelingen kann. Ziel eines Projekts war deshalb die Entwicklung und Evaluation einer Fortbildung. Über die Entwicklung als Inhouse-Workshop mit 2 alternativen Vertiefungsformaten (arbeitsbegleitend vs. Workshop) wurde andernorts berichtet 19. Mit der Evaluation sollte geprüft werden, ob durch die Fortbildung Wissen und Kompetenzen verbessert werden können und ob die BT die vermittelten Strategien anwenden. 51 BT aus 4 stationären Reha-Einrichtungen, die Personen mit muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen behandeln, erklärten sich bereit, an der Studie teilzunehmen. Sie nahmen an der Fortbildung teil und erhielten zu 4 Messzeitpunkten Fragebögen: direkt vor und 2 Wochen nach der Fortbildung (T1, T2), nach den Vertiefungsformaten (T3; 5–6 Monate nach der Fortbildung) sowie 8–9 Monate nach der Fortbildung (T4). In die Analysen eingeschlossen wurden 28 BT, die an der Inhouse-Fortbildung und einem der Vertiefungsformate teilgenommen hatten sowie alle 4 Fragebögen ausgefüllt hatten. Primäre Zielgrößen waren Wissen und Kompetenzen zu Strategien der Bewegungsförderung, sekundäre Zielgrößen betrafen die Implementierung dieser Strategien in der eigenen bewegungstherapeutischen Arbeit. Außerdem wurden Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Vertiefungsformaten beschrieben. Die BT gaben nach den Inhouse-Fortbildungen (T2) signifikant höhere Werte für Wissen, theoretisches Verständnis und selbsteingeschätzte Kompetenzen zu den Strategien der Bewegungsförderung an als zu T1. Diese Werte stabilisierten sich bis zum letzten Messzeitpunkt (T4). Auch die Absicht, Strategien einzusetzen und die Häufigkeit des Einsatzes der Strategien steigerten sich signifikant. Bei den Vertiefungsformaten ergaben sich deskriptiv deutlich bessere Werte für den Workshop gegenüber den individuellen, arbeitsbegleitenden Einheiten.
Körperliche Aktivität von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung: Ergebnisse qualitativer Nutzerinterviews und Implikationen für zielgruppenspezifische Konzepte
Authors: Mauro Antonia , Bayo Laura Herrera , Bruland Dirk , Latteck Änne-Dörte 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungObwohl Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung ein vergleichsweise geringes körperliches Aktivitätsniveau aufweisen, sind zielgruppenspezifische Interventionen und Konzepte, die eine nachhaltige bewegungsbezogene Verhaltensänderung durch Stärkung bewegungsbezogener Kompetenzen anstreben, selten. Durch (systematische) Literaturrecherchen wurde angestrebt, wissenschaftlich verlässliche Aussagen zu wirksamen bewegungsfördernden Interventionen zu treffen. Bestehende Interventionen sind sehr heterogen, was dadurch nur mit hohen Einschränkungen gelang. Weiterhin wurde die Perspektive der Zielgruppe bislang kaum und somit unzureichend berücksichtigt.Über 24 qualitative Interviews mit Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung wurden anhand eines partizipativ entwickelten Leitfadens individuelle bewegungsbezogene Wissensbestände und Erfahrungen, Strategien im Umgang mit körperlicher Aktivität und Wünsche an ein bewegungsförderndes Konzept erkundet. Individuelle und kontextuelle Einflüsse auf ein körperlich aktives Verhalten wurden identifiziert. Die Interviewergebnisse wurden genutzt, um Implikationen für die Konzeption von bewegungsfördernden Interventionen abzuleiten.Als besonders charakteristisch für die Bevölkerungsgruppe stellten sich die sehr heterogenen kognitiven und körperlichen Fähigkeiten und die lebensweltlichen strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen dar. Es wird angenommen, dass insbesondere solche Konzepte die besonderen Eigenschaften der Zielgruppe adressieren können, welche sich flexibel an deren unterschiedliche Bedürfnisse und Fähigkeiten anpassen können. Zudem scheinen eine Förderung von selbstregulativen Kompetenzen im Umgang mit körperlicher Aktivität und das Ermöglichen eines niedrigschwelligen Zugangs zu körperlicher Aktivität zielführend.
First Total Synthesis of the Marine-Derived Anti-inflammatory Natural Product (–)-Herdmanine D through a Steglich Esterification
Authors: Bhagat Sunita , Sharma Pankaj , Sharma Nutan , Kashyap Gunjan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn efficient and regioselective route for the first total synthesis of the antiinflammatory marine natural product (–)-herdmanine D, with an excellent overall yield of 18%, is described. A key feature of the synthetic strategy is a Steglich esterification of regioselectively constructed 6-bromo-5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid with protected l-tyrosine. The formation of the l-isomer was confirmed through measurement of the optical activity. The current strategy paves the way for the construction of diverse analogues of (–)-herdmanine D for drug development.
Countering COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pregnancy: the “4 Cs”
Authors: Shook Lydia L. , Kishkovich Thomas P. , Edlow Andrea G. 
Published: October 2021

Despite evidence to support the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, and clear recommendations from professional organizations and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for pregnant people to get vaccinated, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in pregnancy remains a significant public health problem. The emergence of the highly transmissible B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant among primarily unvaccinated people has exposed the cost of vaccine hesitancy. In this commentary, we explore factors contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in pregnancy and potential solutions to overcome them.
Key Points
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Wiredu Courteney , Haynes Norrisa , Guerra Carmen , Ky Bonnie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractActive malignancy increases the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) by four- to seven-fold. The risk of VTE, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, in patients with cancer varies based on several clinical factors, such as cancer stage and age. However, race and ethnicity are also associated with increased VTE risk. Black (African American) patients with cancer have a higher risk of developing VTE than White patients, while Asian/Pacific Islanders have a lower risk. Studies on cancer-associated thrombosis demonstrate a need to advance our understanding of both the biologic and sociologic underpinnings of the observed differences according to race. Addressing the causes of these disparities can better health outcomes for historically underserved patient populations.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroxyperfluoroalkylation of Alkenes with Perfluoroalkyl Bromides and Atmospheric Oxygen
Authors: Fan Wu , Li Suhua , Li Qiankun , Sun Qilin , Pang Liangzhi , Mao Shuxian , Zhou Yuyi , Xu Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA mild and efficient method for the cobalt-catalyzed hydroxyperfluoroalkylation of alkenes has been developed. This method demonstrated broad substrate scope, good yields, and mild conditions with the tolerance of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted alkenes including both styrenes and non-activated aliphatic olefins. This strategy offered a valuable solution for rapid and efficient construction of β-perfluoro­alkyl alcohols using widely available and inexpensive perfluoroalkyl bromides­ and atmospheric oxygen.
Cyanide-Free Cyanation of Aryl Iodides with Nitromethane by Using an Amphiphilic Polymer-Supported Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Uozumi Yasuhiro , Suzuka Toshimasa , Niimi Ryoko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA cyanide-free aromatic cyanation was developed that uses nitromethane as a cyanide source in water with an amphiphilic polystyrene–poly(ethylene glycol) resin-supported palladium catalyst and an alkyl halide (1-iodobutane). The cyanation proceeds through the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of an aryl halide with nitromethane, followed by transformation of the resultant (nitromethyl)arene intermediate into a nitrile by 1-iodobutane.
Triphenylphosphine/1,2-Diiodoethane-Promoted Formylation of Indoles with N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Lin Jin-Hong , Xiao Ji-Chang , Zhu Yu-Rong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite intensive studies on the synthesis of 3-formylindoles, it is still highly desirable to develop efficient methods for the formylation of indoles, due to the shortcomings of the reported methods, such as inconvenient operations and/or harsh reaction conditions. Here, we describe a Ph3P/ICH2CH2I-promoted formylation of indoles with DMF under mild conditions. A Vilsmeier-type intermediate is readily formed from DMF promoted by the Ph3P/ICH2CH2I system. A one-step formylation process can be applied to various electron-rich indoles, but a hydrolysis needs to be carried out as a second step in the case of electron-deficient indoles. Convenient operations make this protocol attractive.
Swallowing Problems after Thyroidectomy
Authors: Elbeltagy Yasser Mohammed , Bassiouny Samia Elsayed , Sobhy Tamer Shokry , Ismail Ahmed Essameldin , Teaima Ahmed Abdelmoneim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction Thyroidectomy is a common procedure. Certain swallowing problems could happen after this surgery and affect the quality of life of the patient.
Objective To evaluate swallowing after thyroidectomy in the early and late postoperative periods and to correlate subjective and objective parameters.
Methods A prospective study with100 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at our institution from April 2018 to September 2019. Each patient was assessed by the Arabic version of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire and the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) preoperatively, and in the early postoperative (EPO) and late postoperative (LPO) periods.
Results The rate of dysphagia was of 82% in the EPO period, and of 36% in the LPO period. Two groups were compared regarding vocal fold mobility using the FEES. Group I included 89 patients with normal vocal fold mobility, 42% of whom had early dysphagia, and only 22% had late dysphagia. Regarding swallowing, we found that in the EPO period, the rates of delayed triggering, aspiration, penetration and residue were of 12.4%, 0%, 0%, and 42.7% respectively. Group II (unilateral immobile vocal fold) included 11 patients in the EPO evaluation, and all of them had early dysphagia.
Conclusion Swallowing problems can occur in patients after thyroidectomy regardless of alterations in larynx mobility, and they are characterized by delayed triggering and stasis of food, which are also noticed in the LPO period, though more frequently in the EPO period. Moreover, there is a highly significant correlation between the subjective and objective parameters of swallowing in both EPO and LPO periods.
Understanding How Health Providers Identify Women with Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bento Silvana Ferreira , Borovac-Pinheiro Anderson , Tanaka Erika Zambrano , Silveira Carla , Pacagnella Rodolfo Carvalho 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective To identify how health providers recognize postpartum hemorrhage early and the difficulties involved in it.
Methods An exploratory, descriptive study using a qualitative approach through a semi-structured interview technique. In total, 27 health professionals (nursing technicians, nurses, medical residents in Gynecology and Obstetrics, hired medical doctors, and medicine professors) working in a tertiary-level hospital of reference in women's health care in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, participated in the study through an invitation. After they accepted the invitation, they signed the free and informed consent form. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, and a thematic analysis was conducted. We found three analysis categories: a) perception of the severity: “there is something wrong with the women”; b) difficulties in the early diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage; and c) the process to improve obstetrical care.
Results Caregivers believe teamwork and communication should be improved. Besides the visual estimation of blood loss, the nursing team is attentive to behavioral symptoms like irritability, while the medical staff follow protocols and look for objective signs, such as altered vital signs.
Conclusion Besides the objective evaluations, the subjective perceptions of the providers are involved in the clinical judgement regarding the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage, and this should be included in a broader diagnosis strategy.
Supplementation of Vitamin D in the Postdelivery Period of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Kron-Rodrigues Meline Rossetto , Rudge Marilza Vieira Cunha , Lima Silvana Andrea Molina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in the postpartum period of women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods Randomized clinical trials of pregnant women with GDM of any chronological, gestational age and parity, with no history of previous disease who received vitamin D supplementation in the prenatal and/or postpartum period and were evaluated in the postpartum period were included. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and LILACS databases were consulted until July 2019. Serum vitamin D concentration (25-hydroxyvitamin D in nmol/L), fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum calcium concentration, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. Similar results in at least two trials were plotted using the RevMan 5; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, Reino Unido. The quality of the evidence was generated according to the classification, development, and evaluation of the classification of the recommendations.
Results Four studies were included in the present review (200 women). The findings indicate that there is no difference in the postpartum period in women diagnosed with previous GDM who received vitamin D supplementation in the prenatal and/or in the postpartum period, showing only that there was a significant increase in the concentration of vitamin D (relative risk [RR]: 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.68).
Conclusion This increase in the concentration of vitamin D should be interpreted with caution, since the assessment of the quality of the evidence was very low. For the other analyzed outcomes, there was no significance between the intervention and control groups, and the outcomes, when analyzed in their strength of evidence, were considered very low and low in their evaluation.
Association between Adverse Maternal Clinical Outcomes and Imbalance of Cytokines and Angiogenic Factors in Preterm Preeclampsia
Authors: Nunes Priscila Rezeck , Romao-Veiga Mariana , Borges Vera Therezinha Medeiros , Matias Mariana Leticia , Ribeiro Vanessa Rocha , Costa Roberto Antonio Araujo , Peracoli Maria Terezinha Serrao , Peracoli Jose Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by abnormal levels of cytokines and angiogenic factors, playing a role in the disease development. The present study evaluated whether immunological markers are associated with the gestational age and with the disease severity in preeclamptic women.
Methods Ninety-five women who developed PE were stratified for gestational age as preterm PE (< 37 weeks) and term PE (≥ 37 weeks of gestation) and compared for disease severity as well as plasma concentration of angiogenic factors and cytokines. The concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Fms-like soluble tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng), as well as the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results The comparison between preeclamptic groups showed a higher percentage of severe cases in preterm PE (82.1%) than in term PE (35.9%). Similarly, the concentrations of TNF-α, sFlt-1, and sEng, as well as TNF-α/IL-10 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratios were significantly higher in the preterm PE group. In contrast, concentrations of PlGF, VEGF, and IL-10 were significantly lower in women with preterm PE. Negative correlations between TNF-α and IL-10 (r = 0.5232) and between PlGF and sFlt1 (r = −0.4158) were detected in the preterm PE.
Conclusion In pregnant women with preterm PE, there is an imbalance between immunological markers, with the predominance of anti-angiogenic factors and TNF-α, associated with adverse maternal clinical outcomes.