bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Determinants of Landscape and Cultural Heritage Among Italian Regions in the Period 2004-2019
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Costantiello Alberto , Lucio Laureti , Leogrande Domenico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We estimate the Landscape and Cultural Heritage among Italian regions in the period 2004-2019 using data from ISTAT-BES. We use Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS, Dynamic Panel. We found that the Landscape and Cultural Heritage is negatively associated with “Dissatisfaction with the landscape of the place of life”, “Illegal building”, “Density and relevance of the museum heritage”, “Internal material consumption”, “Erosion of the rural space due to abandonment”, “Availability of urban green”, and positively associated with “Pressure from mining activities”, “Erosion of the rural space by urban dispersion”, “Concern about the deterioration of the landscape”, “Diffusion of agritourism farms”, “Current expenditure of the Municipalities for culture”. Secondly, we have realized a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we found two clusters in the sense of “Concern about the deterioration of the landscape”. Finally, we use eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the level of “Concern about the deterioration of the landscape” and we found that the Tree Ensemble Regression is the best predictor.
Biometric Indicators of Anterior Segment Parameters Before and After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy by Swept-Source Optical Coherent Tomography
Authors: Yu Bo , Wang Kang , Xing Xiaoli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is the most common type of glaucoma in China. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is the primary choice to treat PAC. We aim to evaluate the changes and to find the biometric indicators of anterior segment parameters before and after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in primary angle closure (PAC) eyes using swept-source optical coherent tomography (OCT).
Methods

LPI was performed in 52 PAC eyes of 28 participants. The change of intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters, including angle opening distance (AOD500), AOD500 area, trabecular iris space area (TISA500), TISA500 volume, trabecular iris angle (TIA500), iridotrabecular contact (ITC) index, ITC area, anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens vault (LV) and lens thickness (LT) before and 1 week after LPI were measured by Tomey CASIA2 anterior segment OCT. We also estimate and analyze potential contributing factors possibly affecting the change of anterior chamber angle parameters.
Results

No post-laser complications were found. The LV and LT did not change significantly 1 week after LPI. AOD500, AOD500 area, TISA500, TISA500 volume, TIA500, ACV and ACD increased significantly after LPI. There was significant decrease in ITC index and ITC area. LT was positively correlated to the change of ITC index (r=0.411, p=0.002) and ITC area (r=0.384, p=0.005). ACD was negatively correlated to the change of ITC index (r=0.292, p=0.036).
Conclusions

The anterior segment architecture significantly changed after LPI in PAC spectrum eyes. Crystalline lens measurements remained unchanged before and after LPI. AS-OCT can be used to follow anterior chamber parameter changes in PAC spectrum eyes. Pre-treatment LT and ACD affect the therapeutic effect of LPI.
Impact of GERAADA Score in Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Sugiyama Kayo , Watanuki Hirotaka , Tochii Masato , Futamura Yasuhiro , Kitagawa Yuka , Makino Satoshi , Ohashi Wataru , Matsuyama Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Despite continuous developments and advances in the perioperative management of patients suffering from acute aortic dissection type A (AADA), the associated postoperative morbidity and mortality remain high and strongly depend on the preoperative clinical status. The associated postoperative mortality is still hard to predict prior to the surgical procedure. The so-called German Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA) score uses very basic and easily retrievable parameters and was specifically designed for predicting the 30-day mortality rate in patients undergoing surgery for AADA. This study evaluated impact of the GERAADA score in the authors’ institutional results. MethodsAmong 101 acute type A aortic dissection patients treated at our hospital during August 2015–March 2021, the GERAADA was calculated individually and retrospectively. Predicted and actual mortalities were assessed, and independent predicted factors were searched. The primary endpoint was defined as comparison of GERAADA scores and early mortality, and the secondary endpoints were defined as comparison of GERAADA scores and other postoperative results, and comparison of preoperative factors and postoperative results regardless to GERAADA scores.ResultsWhile the overall 30-day mortality for the entire study cohort calculated by the GERAADA score was 14.3 (8.1-77.6) %, the actual mortality rate was 6%. However, the GERAADA score was significantly high in some postoperative complications and showed significant correlation with some peri- and post-operative factors. In addition, factors not belonging to GERAADA score such as time from onset to arrival at the hospital, time from onset to arrival at the operation room, spouse presence, and hemodialysis were significantly associated with 30-day mortality.ConclusionsAlthough the actual mortality was lower than predicted, GERAADA score may impact on the postoperative course. In addition, it would be desirable to add parameters such as the time from onset to arrival, family background, and hemodialysis for further accuracy.
Equity Measurement of Public Sports Space in Central Urban Areas Accessible by Walking and Public Transportation Based on Residential Scale Data
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Huan , Sun Cheng , Wu Huifang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Urban public sports space, including parks and sports facilities, has captured much public attention because of its close correlation with public health. However, few studies have assessed the equity of accessibility to various types of public sports space comprehensively with a fine scale. Methods: This study proposed a spatial equity measurement method based on multi-source urban data and GIS network analysis. Residential buildings were taken as the minimum research unit to investigate the equity differences of residents' enjoyment of urban public sports space accessible by walking and public transportation. Taking Harbin, China as an example, in the concepts of life circle, this study calculated and visualized the equity of more than 12, 000 residential buildings to a variety of public sports space in the central urban area. Results: The results showed that: 1) There was obvious inequity of sports space in the central city. The results under classification varied sharply, while the overall results moderated to a certain extent. 2) There were sharp differences between different types of sports space, and square space had the worst structure of equity. 3) The results of the two traffic modes were significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficient of the comprehensive results was the largest. In areas with poor walking equity, the results of the bus mode were generally not high either. Conclusion: This study integrated multi-source data into the traditional spatial computing models and provided an important reference for the equitable planning of urban public sports space. Attention should still be paid to the characteristics of the population in the planning intervention, such as the preference for public sports space and the limitation of choice caused by age difference. The closer the research is to the human scale, the more scientific the planning may be.
Consume Power Torque and Conveyor energy efficiency for a Horizontal Screw Conveyor with three different Screw Flight –A Comparison
Authors: Mondal Debayan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Material handling cost plays crucial role in any manufacturing industries. A judicious selection of material handling system or equipment can only help to enhance productivity and thereby increasing profitability of an industry. Extensive studies require for establishing cost effective solution related to selection of right handling system. The objective of work is to find out running cost associated with screw type horizontal conveyor through experimental investigation of consume power and associated torque against three different types of screw flight(Continuous, Ribbon and Cut Flight) of same nominal diameter and pitch while keeping conveying distance as constant with same material at different screw speed. The experiment was conducted against two different trough heights for finding out mass flow rate. The consume power, torque and conveying energy efficiency calculated with three different screw flight and the results were compared for analysis. Hence on the basis of experimental results, conclusion was drawn. Present work confirming experimentally that the consume power at conveyor shaft and torque in case of ribbon flight was found to be 10 percent less than that of the continuous screw type of same nominal diameter, pitch and helix angle with same range of speed against single conveying material type in case of both the trough height(112 mm and 180 mm), which was in line with the statement made earlier[6]. In addition to that a trial has been made to establish a comparison in terms of consume power in between ribbon and cut flight against a constant trough height, which was not reported earlier. This comparative study may be helpful for taking decision in selecting material handling equipment type for specific application area. Now a day overall energy consumption becomes serious concern for different industries.
CuO and MWCNTs Nanoparticles Filled PVA-PVP Nanocomposites: Morphological, Optical, Thermal, Dielectric, and Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Alzahrani Hassan A. H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Copper dioxide (CuO) nanoparticles and Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) blend matrix (50/50 wt%) based polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) (i.e., PVA/PVP:(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs for x=0,1,5,7.5, 10,14, and 15wt%) have been prepared employing the solution-cast method. The morphologies of these PNCs are semicrystalline, according to an X-ray diffraction investigation. The FTIR, SEM, and AFM measurements of PNCs were used to investigate the development of the miscible mix, polymer-polymer and polymer–nanoparticle interactions, and the influence of CuO and MWCNTs nanofillers on the morphology aspects on the main chain of PVA/PVP blend. The nanofiller dispersion signposting for x=14 wt% nanoloading in the PVA–PVP blend matrix significantly enhances the crystalline phase, diminishing the optical energy gap to 2.31eV. The DC conductivity values augment with the upsurge in nanofiller level for maximum x=14wt%. The dielectric and electrical characteristics of these PNCs are investigated for an applied frequency range from 1kHz to 1 MHz. The enhancement in the nanofiller level upto x=14wt% in the PVA/PVP matrix leads to the development of percolating network through the PNCs. These factors boost the dielectric permittivity values substantially, owing to the decrease in the nano-confinement phenomenon. The rise in applied frequency reduces dielectric permittivity and impedance values and enhances ac electrical conductivity. These PNCs having good dielectric and electrical characteristics can be used as frequency tunable nanodielectric material in electronic devices.
Components of Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Four Reconstructed Soils
Authors: Lei Na , Wang huanyuan , Chen tianqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
seasonal changes characteristics in the respiration of four reconstructed soils Abstract: seasonal changes characteristics in the respiration of four reconstructed soil masses 9 in a barren gravel land were monitored using soil carbon flux measurement system. The 10 results showed that (1) The seasonal changes in soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration 11 of four reconstructed soils of meteorite, shale, sand and soft rock were the same as the 12 seasonal change in soil temperature. Soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration increased 13 with soil temperature. It was gradually increasing, reaching the maximum in summer and 14 decreasing to the minimum in winter. Among the four reconstructed soils, the average annual 15 soil respiration of reconstructed soil with sand was 4.87 μmol•m –2 •s –1 , which was 16 significantly higher than the other reconstructed soils (p<0.05).(2) The autotrophic respiration 17 of four reconstructed soils showed obvious seasonal dynamic changes. The maximum and 18 minimum values appeared in August 2018 and January 2018, respectively. In the whole year, 19 The variation range of the annual average soil autotrophic respiration in the total respiration 20 of the reconstituted soil with addtion of meteorite, shale, sand and soft rock were 12.5-38.0%, 21 9.5-42.0%, 7.7-41.2%, and 5.0-39.3%, respectively.(3) Soil temperature was the main factor 22 affecting soil respiration. The four reconstructed respiration had a very significant correlation 23 with soil temperature (p<0.01). The relationship between reconstructed soils respiration and 24 soil temperature can be indexed function characterization. The 90% to 93% changes in soil 25 respiration of reconstructed soils were caused by soil temperature. The order of Q 10 in soils 26 respiration of four reconstructed was as follows: Sand> shale> soft rock > meteorite.
Indistinguishability of Temporally Separated Pairwise Two- Photon State of Thermal Photons in Franson-Type Interferometry
Authors: Park Jiho , Kim Heonoh , Moon Han Seb 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of Franson interference with time–energy entangled photon pairs beyond the single-photon coherence length observed upon nonlocal measurement at two space-like separated locations is of particular research interest. Herein, we determine the coherence length of temporally separated pairwise two-photon (TSPT) states of thermal photons emitted from a warm atomic ensemble in Franson-type interferometry, with the setup consisting of two spatially separated unbalanced Michelson interferometers beyond the coherence length of a thermal photon. Using a novel method of square-modulated thermal photons, we show that the sinusoidal Franson-type interference fringe of thermal photons is determined by the presence or absence of TSPT states (corresponding to the time delay between the long and short paths in Franson-type interferometry). We find that the indistinguishability of the TSPT state in the Franson-type interference is independent of the temporal separation of the thermal photons in the TSPT states.
Phenology of fine roots and shoots using high frequency temporal resolution images in a temperate larch forest
Authors: Tamura Azusa , Oguma Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Roma , Kuribayashi Masatoshi , Makita Naoki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Understanding tree phenology reveals the underlying mechanisms through plant functional and productive activities and carbon sinks in forest ecosystems. However, previous research on tree phenology has focused on shoot dynamics rather than tree root dynamics. We aimed to explore seasonal temperature patterns of daily-based root and shoot dynamics by capturing high frequency plant images in a larch forest.
Methods

We monitored continuous images using an automated digital camera for shoot dynamics and a flatbed scanner for the fine root dynamics in the larch. Using the images, we analyzed the relationship between temperature and plant area index as shoot growth status and total root-area proportion of white and brown roots.
Results

Larch shoot production had a single mountain-shaped peak with a positive correlation between plant area index and air temperature. Fine root production had two peaks in the bimodal root-growth pattern in early summer and late autumn. Soil temperature was positively correlated with white root proportion and negatively correlated with brown root proportion.
Conclusion

We found differences between shoots and roots regarding temperature relationships. In particular, the automated flatbed scanner method for the root dynamics allowed the collection of detailed bimodal patterns of root production with shift from whitening to browning color, which had been previously overlooked. Such high frequency temporal resolution analysis can provide an in-depth of mechanisms of fine-root and shoot phenology through different stages of plant development in terms of growth and senescence.
Association Between Lipid Trajectories During Pregnancy and Risk of Postpartum Glucose Intolerance After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Zhuofan , Li Zhuyu , Cheng Yunjiu , Chen Peisong , Wang Dongyu , Chen Haitian , Chen Wei , Wang Zilian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To assess lipid trajectories throughout pregnancy in relation to early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods: This prospective cohort study included 221 Chinese women with GDM who completed plasma lipid test in each trimester of pregnancy and oral glucose tolerance test at 6-9 weeks post-delivery between January 1st 2018 and January 8th 2020. Using the group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) were identified separately as three trajectories: low, moderate, and high trajectory. The associations between lipid trajectories and early postpartum glucose intolerance were all evaluated.Results: Seventy-three participants developed postpartum glucose intolerance. For patients in low, moderate and high trajectory, the incidence of postpartum glucose intolerance was 38.4, 34.9, and 17.9%, respectively. GDM women with lower LDL-C trajectories presented a higher risk of postpartum glucose intolerance. The adjusted odds ratio(95% CI) for glucose intolerance was 3.14(1.17-8.39) in low LDL-C trajectory and 2.68(1.05-6.85) in moderate trajectory when compared with the high one. However, TC trajectory was not associated with risk of postpartum glucose intolerance, nor were TG trajectory and HDL-C trajectory. Moreover, a significant difference of insulin sensitivity was observed in participants with different LDL-C trajectories, participants in high LDL-C trajectory had the highest insulin sensitivity whereas the women in low LDL-C trajectory had the lowest insulin sensitivity(P=0.02). Conclusions: The high trajectory of LDL-C during pregnancy may play a protective role on postpartum glucose intolerance in women with GDM. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanism.Trial registration: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(reference number: [2014]No. 93). All participants provided written informed consent forms, and the ethics committee approved this consent procedure.
Adaptation To Soil Acidity By Common Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) is Associated With Root Morphological Traits and Structures
Authors: Etana Daba , Nebiyu Amsalu , Wondimmu Zeleke , Ruelle Morgan L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aims

Common bean is an important source of food and fodder and is used to improve soil fertility when integrated in cropping systems through intercropping or rotation. Although widely grown by smallholders in Ethiopia, its productivity is constrained by several factors including soil acidity, which limits nutrient availability and uptake. The negative effects of soil acidity may be mediated by root system morphology and structure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if root traits in common bean are associated with tolerance to soil acidity.
Methodology

The study was laid out in a split-plot design, whereby soil amendment practices with phosphorus (+P or -P) and liming (+lime or –lime) and their combinations were assigned to main plots and varieties to subplots. Two improved varieties (Nasir and Deme) and two farmers’ varieties (Polpole and Pantarkin) of common bean were evaluated under each soil amendment practice.
Results

Farmers’ variety Polpole produced significantly (p< 0.05) more hypocotyl roots (14.17) with a wider hypocotyls angle (5.87°) than other varieties. In addition, Polpole had a larger tap root diameter (2.57 mm) and length (34.10 cm) in plots amended with P. The improved variety Deme showed a higher number of basal roots (14.0) and basal root whorls (4.20) as well as lower basal root angle (0-15°) in plots amended with P and lime. Analyses demonstrate that common bean varieties differ in their ability to tolerate soil acidity due to differences in their root morphological and structural traits.
Conclusion

The results suggest an opportunity to identify and further develop acid tolerant varieties for low input farming systems to improve and enhance bean productivity and efficiency of the agro ecosystem at large.
Constrained medical oxygen supply chain in India during COVID-19: Red-tapism, the elephant in the room?
Authors: Gowda Naveen R , Siddharth Vijaydeep , Kumar Parmeshwar , H Vikas , Khare Amitesh , Swaminathan Prakash , Kumar Atul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background:

Recent disruption of medical oxygen during second wave of COVID-19 has caused nationwide panic. This study attempts to objectively analyze the medical oxygen supply chain in India along the principles of value stream mapping (VSM), identify bottlenecks and recommend systemic improvements.
Methodology:

Process mapping of the medical oxygen supply chain in India was done. Different licenses & approvals, their conditions, compliances, renewals among others were factored-in. All relevant circulars, official orders, amendments and gazette notifications pertaining to medical oxygen since April 2020 were studied and corroborated with information from PESO official website.
Findings:

All steps of medical oxygen supply chain right from oxygen manufacture to filling, storage and transport up to the end users; have regulatory bottlenecks. Consequently flow of materials is sluggish and very poor information flow has aggravated the inherent inefficiencies of the system. Government of India has been loosening regulatory norms at every stage, which is reactive rather than proactive policy making.
Discussion:

Regulatory bottlenecks have indirectly fuelled the informal sector over the years, which is not under Government’s control. This has also caused difficulties in clamping down black-marketing and hoarding. Technology enabled, data-driven regulatory processes with minimum discretionary human interface is the way to go.