bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phage‐Derived and Aberrant HaloTag Peptides Immobilized on Magnetic Microbeads for Amperometric Biosensing of Serum Autoantibodies and Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Valverde Alejandro , Montero‐Calle Ana , Arévalo Beatriz , San Segundo‐Acosta Pablo , Serafín Verónica , Alonso‐Navarro Miren , Solís‐Fernández Guillermo , Pingarrón José M. , Campuzano Susana , Barderas Rodrigo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn electrochemical biosensing platform for serum autoantibodies (AAbs) detection is reported in this work, exploiting for the first time six Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐specific phage‐derived and frameshift aberrant HaloTag peptides as receptors, immobilized on magnetic microbeads (MBs) surface and captured on disposable electrodes to perform amperometric detection. Operational analytical characteristics and clinical diagnostic ability of the bioplatform were probed in optimized key experimental conditions by analysing serum AAbs of AD patients and healthy subjects. The value of 100 % obtained for AUC, sensitivity, and selectivity from the all peptides combined ROC curve, indicate full AD‐diagnostic capability of the methodology, which was further implemented, as proof of concept, in a POC multiplexing platform to detect the signature in a single test over clinically actionable times (1 h 15 min), opening great promise for the type of diagnosis and AD patients’ monitoring follow‐up currently pursued.
Decrease in viscosity of styrene‐isoprene‐styrene filling systems induced by micro elastic phase
Authors: Chi Houfang , Han Hui , Tian Guannan , Luo Hengyu , Hong Song , Li Junyu , Hu Haiqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe melt viscosity of triblock copolymer styrene‐isoprene‐styrene (SIS) filling systems decreased in some sense by adding 0.1 wt% fillers. The types of fillers included both nano‐ and non‐nano fillers. It was insufficient to explain the phenomenon of viscosity reduction only from the view of nanoscale effects of particles. The results of SAXS and TEM enabled us to relate this behavior to the damage of PS microphase in SIS. The PS microphase acted as a strong entanglement point in the SIS system. When it was damaged, the entanglement among molecular chains weakened greatly, resulting in a decrease in viscosity. The dynamic viscoelasticity (complex viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus) of the filling systems was also studied.
Role of autophagy in midgut stem cells of silkworm Bombyx mori, during larval–pupal metamorphosis
Authors: Gunay Busra , Goncu Ebru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAutophagy is a critical mechanism for the self‐renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. Bombyx mori midgut has stem cells that play a role in the regeneration of the larval epithelium in larval stages and the formation of the pupal midgut epithelium during larval–pupal metamorphosis. In this study, the role of the autophagy mechanism in midgut stem cells during the formation of the pupal midgut was investigated. For this purpose, two different doses of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine were administered to B. mori larvae on days 7 and 8 of the fifth larval stage. Morphological changes during the formation process of the pupal epithelium, expression levels of autophagy‐related genes Atg8 and Atg12 in stem cells, and the amounts of lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase were determined after the application. The obtained findings were evaluated in comparison with the control groups. Abnormalities in the formation of the pupal midgut after inhibition of autophagy showed the significance of the autophagy mechanism during this period.
Substantial changes in the probability of future annual temperature extremes
Authors: Slater Ross , Freychet Nicolas , Hegerl Gabriele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtreme temperature events causing significant environmental and humanitarian impacts are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude due to global warming. The latest generation of climate model projections, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Six (CMIP6), provides a new and improved database to investigate change in future daily scale extreme temperature events. This study examines the changes in 1, 3, and 5 day averaged annual maximum temperature in four large CMIP6 ensembles. It analyses, using a generalized extreme value (GEV) method, the change in extreme daily mean temperatures at 1.5 and 2°C of global warming, levels highlighted by the 2016 Paris Agreement, and additionally at 3°C. Extremely hot events are characterized using the annual maxima of daily near surface air temperature in the SSP370 scenario. Global changes in the mode of the distributions (location parameter) follow long‐term summer warming and show very similar spatial patterns. Changes in variability (scale parameter) show a clear trend of increases over the tropics and decreases over higher latitudes, while changes to the tails of distributions (shape parameter) show less globally consistent trends but clear signals over the Arctic sea ice, behaviour also seen in variability. Risk ratios (RRs) indicating the change in probability of hot daily extremes that currently have a 10 year return period increase globally with mean temperature change, with greater increases over the tropics. Globally averaged changes in RR over land range from 3.1–3.6 to 7.9–8.3 for 1.5 and 3°C of warming, respectively. For the latter case, this indicates previously rare, once‐in‐a‐decade summer extremes will occur almost annually in the future under high warming.
Rhodol‐derived turn‐on fluorescent probe for copper ions with high selectivity and sensitivity
Authors: Zeng Xiaodan , Gao Song , Jiang Cheng , Duan Qingxia , Ma Mingshuo , Liu Zhigang , Chen Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new rhodol‐derived fluorescent probe 1 with picolinate as the recognition receptor was designed and simply synthesized using a one‐step reaction. With the concentration of added Cu2+ increases, it gradually turns pink, so the effect of naked eye detection can be achieved. The detection limit of probe 1 for Cu2+ is 42 nM, and the linear detection range was 0–2 μM. The experimental results showed that 1 was a fluorescent probe with high selectivity, good water solubility, and high sensitivity to Cu2+.Probe 1 was successfully applied in cell imaging experiments and can detect the concentration of Cu2+ in water samples. All these indicate that probe 1 has the potential to be applied to the detection of Cu2+ concentration in the real environment.
Estrogen receptor‐low breast cancer: Biology chaos and treatment paradox
Authors: Yu Ke‐Da , Cai Yu‐Wen , Wu Song‐Yang , Shui Ruo‐Hong , Shao Zhi‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHormone receptor testing mainly serves the purpose of guiding treatment choices for breast cancer patients. Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers show significant response to endocrine therapy. However, the methods to define ER status and eligibility for treatment remain controversial. Despite recent guidelines considering staining ≥1% of tumor nuclei by immunohistology as ER‐positive, it has raised concerns on the benefit of endocrine therapy for tumors with ER 1%‐10% expression, termed “ER‐low positive”. This subgroup accounts for 3% to 9% of all patients and is likely to have unique molecular features, and therefore distinct therapeutic response to endocrine therapy compared with ER‐high positive tumors. The latest guidelines did not provide detailed descriptions for those patients, resulting in inconsistent treatment strategies. Consequently, we aimed to resolve this dilemma comprehensively. This review discusses molecular traits and recent ER‐low positive breast cancer innovations, highlighting molecular‐targeted treatment rather than traditional unified endocrine therapy for future basic and clinical research.
Parallel realistic visualization of particle‐based fluid
Authors: Chen Qiaorui , Zhang Shuai , Zheng Yao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, an entirely parallel pipeline for creating realistic visualization of particle‐based fluid is presented, which significantly improves surface reconstruction and foam generation performance. Firstly, we develop a spatial hashing grid‐based strategy. Based on this strategy, a novel narrow band surface reconstruction method is presented, which could even discard the detection of surface particles methods to achieve the effect of accurate identification of surface vertices. And a novel narrow band like diffuse particle classification method is proposed, which ensures less memory access and less computation. Furthermore, in order to obtain a best performance, we put forward several parallel schemes to avoid potential race conditions and invalid threads. Experiments are conducted to verify that our developed method and code efficiently improve the particle‐based visualization.
Forward Chemical Genetic Screen for Oxygen‐Dependent Cytotoxins Uncovers New Covalent Fragments that Target GPX4
Authors: Cordon Marie B. , Jacobsen Kristian M. , Nielsen Cecilie S. , Hjerrild Per , Poulsen Thomas B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe identification of growth inhibitory compounds with the ability to selectively target the cellular oxygenation state may be of therapeutic interest. Here, a phenotypic screen of a covalent fragment library revealed diverse compounds containing propiolamide warheads with selective toxicity for liver cancer cells in normoxic conditions. Target identification and validation through CETSA and direct pulldown experiments demonstrated that several compounds target glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and induce ferroptotic cell death. Although being an oxidative cell death mechanism, ferroptosis can be induced also under hypoxic conditions. Prompted by the selective toxicity discovered in the screen, we mapped the oxygen‐dependence of several ferroptosis‐inducing compounds across three different cell lines. These studies revealed combinations with notable reductions in sensitivity under hypoxic conditions. These observations are mechanistically interesting and may be relevant for the use of ferroptosis‐inducers as anti‐cancer agents.
Origin of Stability and Inhibition of Cooperative Alkyne Hydrofunctionalization Catalysts
Authors: Chapple Devon E. , Boyle Paul D. , Blacquiere Johanna M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew entries to the [Ru(Cp/Cp*)(PR2NR′2)(MeCN)]PF6 catalyst family were synthesized, including a Cp complex (R=Cy; R′=Ph) and two Cp* complexes (R=Cy, Ph; R′=Ph). These and other derivatives were used for the intramolecular hydroamination of 2‐ethynylaniline to elucidate trends in catalytic lifetime and rate. The readily accessible [Ru(Cp)(PCy2NPh2)(MeCN)]PF6 derivative showed comparable lifetime to [Ru(Cp)(Pt−Bu2NPh2)(MeCN)]PF6, the previous optimal catalyst. Donor‐free ‘active’ catalysts, [Ru(Cp/Cp*)(PCy2NPh2)]PF6, were prepared and their thermal stability was assessed. The relatively high stability of the Cp derivative was explained by the capacity of the PCy2NPh2 ligand to coordinate in a κ3‐(P,P,Ar) mode, which protects the low‐coordinate species. This coordination mode is inaccessible with the Cp* derivative. Additionally, [Ru(Cp*)(PCy2NPh2)]PF6 readily activated the C−Cl bond of the solvent dichloromethane. Variable time normalization analysis (VTNA) revealed that the indole product inhibited the catalyst [Ru(Cp)(PCy2NPh2)(MeCN)]PF6, which slowed catalytic rates.
Novel Phenyl‐Based Bis‐quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Broad‐Spectrum Biocides
Authors: Frolov Nikita A. , Fedoseeva Ksenia A. , Hansford Karl A. , Vereshchagin Anatoly N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis and microbiological evaluation of novel phenyl based bis‐quaternary ammonium compounds (bis‐QACs). Using a simple 2‐step synthetic route from dibromo‐ and dihydroxybenzenes, we obtained a structurally diverse broad panel of bis‐QACs with topologically distinct bridging connections between pyridinium heads. Selected analogs possessed potent broad‐spectrum biocidal activity against both bacterial and fungal pathogens: methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300); Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 700603), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (ATCC 208821). Promising compounds displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values ≤0.25 μg/mL alongside improved cytotoxicity and hemolytic profiles compared to modern antiseptics. Thus, synthesized bis‐QACs represent a promising class of biocides with the potential to replace existing household sanitizers.
An efficient privacy‐preserving model based on OMFTSA for query optimization in crowdsourcing
Authors: Renukadevi M. , Anita E. A. Mary , Mohana Geetha D. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCrowdsourcing is now one of the most important and transformative paradigms, with great success in a variety of application tasks. Crowdsourcing obtains knowledge and information to solve cognitive or intelligence‐intensive tasks from an evolving group of participants via the Internet. Unfortunately, providing a hard privacy guarantee and query optimization is incompatible when a higher task acceptance rate needs to be accomplished and this case is common in most existing crowdsourcing solutions. The state of art systems suffered from different complexities such as lack of crowdsourcing optimization techniques, increased cost, latency, security, and scalability issues. In this paper, we have proposed a crowdsourcing model to optimize the cost and latency, issues that occur while query optimization using the Moth Flame and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (MF‐TSA). The TSA algorithm is added to the MF algorithm to enhance its exploitation capability and yield fast convergence. The data privacy concerns of the worker and the requestor are addressed using homomorphic encryption that simultaneously enhances the efficiency of the crowdsourcing framework. The main aim of this work is to optimize the cost and latency for query plan selection along with security. Initially, the homomorphic encryption model is used to encrypt the data. In query design, two kinds of crowd‐controlled administrators, that is, Crowd Powered Selection (CSelect) and Crowd Powered Join (CJoin) are connected for assessing query. The proposed framework utilizes MF‐TSA to optimize the selection and join queries with low cost and latency. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate better query optimization performance than other existing algorithms such as sequential, parallel, and CrowdOp.
Squaramide‐Based Self‐Associating Amphiphiles for Anion Recognition
Authors: Kumawat Lokesh K. , Wynne Conor , Cappello Emanuele , Fisher Peter , Brennan Luke E. , Strofaldi Alessandro , McManus Jennifer J. , Hawes Chris S. , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Elmes Robert B. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of two novel self‐assembled amphiphiles (SSAs) SQS‐1 and SQS‐2 are reported. Both compounds, based on the squaramide motif, were fully soluble in a range of solvents and were shown to undergo self‐assembly through a range of physical techniques. Self‐assembly was shown to favour the formation of crystalline domains on the nanoscale but also fibrillar film formation, as suggested by SEM analysis. Moreover, both SQS‐1 and SQS‐2 were capable of anion recognition in DMSO solution as demonstrated using 1H NMR and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, but displayed lower binding affinities for various anions when compared against other squaramide based receptors. In more competitive solvent mixtures SQS‐1 gave rise to a colourimetric response in the presence of HPO42− that was clearly visible to the naked eye. We anticipate that the observed response is due to the basic nature of the HPO42− anion when compared against other biologically relevant anions.
Peripheral autoreactive CD8 T‐cell frequencies are too variable to be a reliable predictor of disease progression of human type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wesley Johnna D , Pfeiffer Susanne , Schneider Darius , Friedrich David , Perdue Nikole , Sehested‐Hansen Birgit , Hagopian William , von Herrath Matthias G 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe detection of a peripheral immune cell signature that specifically reflects autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes would enable the prediction and staging of disease on an individual basis. However, defining such a signature is technically challenging. Reliable interpretation of immune cell‐related biomarkers depends on their inherent variability and, to understand this variability, longitudinal analyses are required.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal observational study in which 40 individuals with elevated genetic risk of type 1 diabetes and persistent islet autoantibodies provided a blood sample every 4–6 weeks for > 1 year.ResultsPeripheral immune cell composition (T cells, NK cells and monocytes) was assessed using well‐validated flow cytometry panels and demonstrated that, while non‐antigen‐specific immune cell subsets were stable over time, autoantigen‐reactive T‐cell frequencies were highly variable in and between individuals. Neither the frequency nor phenotype of non‐antigen‐specific subsets or autoreactive CD8+ T cells associated with clinical onset of T1D.ConclusionThe findings from the Type 1 Diabetes Longitudinal BIomarker Trial underscore the inherent challenge of evaluating changes in peripheral immune cell populations as surrogates of organ‐specific disease activity. The variability of peripheral antigen‐specific T cells precludes their use as a prognostic marker and clearly demonstrates that a reliable prognostic cell signature remains elusive.
Cardiorespiratory fitness mitigates brain atrophy and cognitive decline in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dougherty Ryan J. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Gaitán Julian M. , Lose Sarah R. , Mergen Brandon M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Cook Dane B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may mitigate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. This study examined the longitudinal associations of CRF with brain atrophy and cognitive decline in a late‐middle‐aged cohort of adults at risk for AD.MethodsOne hundred ten cognitively unimpaired adults (66% female, mean age at baseline 64.2 ± 5.7 years) completed a baseline graded treadmill exercise test, two brain magnetic resonance imaging scans (over 4.67 ± 1.17 years), and two to three cognitive assessments (over 3.26 ± 1.02 years). Linear mixed effects models examined the longitudinal associations adjusted for covariates.ResultsParticipants with higher baseline CRF had slower annual decline in total gray matter volume (P = .013) and cognitive function (P = .048), but not hippocampal volume (P = .426). Exploratory analyses suggested these effects may be stronger among apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers.DiscussionCRF is a modifiable physiological attribute that may be targeted during the preclinical phase of AD in effort to delay disease progression, perhaps most effectively among those with genetic risk.
Hydromorphone and codeine concentrations in oral fluid specimens from patients receiving substitution therapy with Substitol™ (morphine sulfate)
Authors: Lierheimer Stefan , Beck Olof , Keller Thomas , Monticelli Fabio Carlo , Böttcher Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether hydromorphone and codeine can be detected in oral fluid specimens following administration of Substitol™, a slow‐release formulation of morphine. This is of interest for those monitoring treatment compliance using drug testing. Oral fluid specimens collected for compliance assessment in routine clinical practice or as part of a clinical trial were subjected to quantitative analysis of hydromorphone, morphine, codeine, and 6‐acetylmorphine using highly sensitive mass spectrometric methods. Oral fluid was collected using a Greiner Bio‐One saliva collection system. Patients undergoing substitution treatment with Substitol™, methadone, or buprenorphine were included, together with patients undergoing pain treatment with hydromorphone. Hydromorphone was detected in 642 of the 663 (97%) samples from substitol‐treated patients. Concentrations were not higher in methadone‐ and buprenorphine‐treated patients who relapsed into heroin use, or in patients on hydromorphone therapy. Codeine was detected in 29% of the samples. These concentrations were lower than those in patients who had relapsed to heroin use. Clinical administration of morphine can lead to detectable concentrations of both hydromorphone and codeine in oral fluids. This should be taken into consideration when using drug testing in oral fluid samples for compliance assessment in this patient group.
Speeding‐up Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Cu(I) Complexes Using Aminophosphine Ligands
Authors: Toigo Jéssica , Farias Giliandro , Salla Cristian A. M. , Duarte Luís Gustavo Teixeira Alves , Bortoluzzi Adailton J. , Zambon Atvars Teresa Dib , de Souza Bernardo , Bechtold Ivan H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLuminescent copper(I) complexes presenting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have drawn attention as emitters for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). While the majority of ligands used have nitrogen as donor atoms, in this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of three copper(I) complexes with the diimine ligand 1,10‐phenanthroline and aminophosphine‐derived ligands containing the piperazine and N,N’‐dimethylethylenediamine to evaluate their effect into the emission properties. The photophysical studies as a function of temperature suggested TADF and phosphorescence emission, supported by detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The use of aminophosphine ligands enhance the TADF decay pathway in comparison with copper complex containing the usual POP ligand. These properties, combined with the appropriate HOMO‐LUMO energy levels and thermal stability, make these compounds a promising alternative for application in OLEDs.
Additional Studies on the Electrochemical Behaviour of Three Macrolides on Pt and Carbon Based Electrodes
Authors: Veseli Albana , Švorc Ľubomír , Sopaj Flamur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe voltammetric behaviour of the macrolide based antibiotic: Erythromycin (ERT), Clarithromycin (CLA) and Azithromycin (AZT) was presented in this work. Carbon electrodes and platinum (Pt) electrode were applied as working electrodes. Cyclic voltamograms of each molecule in each electrode were recorded and similar electrochemical behaviour of macrolides was observed for all carbon based electrodes, which gave more defined current intensity peaks than platinum. Other organic compounds were tested trying to clarify electro‐active groups of macrolides. Experiments on mechanism of electrochemical reaction were performed, and studies on the influence of pH on peak current and peak potential were also carried out.