bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe(III) Complexed Polydopamine Modified Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Enhances The Removal of Cr(VI) From Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Chen Changcheng , Luo Mina , Chen Fu , Huang Chao , Zhu Chunmei , Wu Hongjun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation of Fe(III) complexed polydopamine modified Mg/Al layered double hydroxides composite material (LDHs@PDA-Fe(III)) and its application to the removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution. LDHs@PDA-Fe(III) was characterized and analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron (XPS). The adsorption performance was studied through a series of adsorption experiments. Under the influence of pH, time, temperature, concentration, the maximum adsorption capacity obtained in the experiment is 683.4 mg/g. In addition, after 5 adsorption cycles, LDHs@PDA-Fe(III) still shows excellent adsorption capacity and stability. Combining adsorption experiments and characterization analysis, it is inferred that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by LDHs@PDA-Fe(III) is the result of the synergistic effect of multiple adsorption mechanisms. Therefore, the efficient removal capacity and excellent stability make LDHs@PDA-Fe(III) an ideal adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Physiological responses to lead and PEG-simulated drought stress in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Matthiola (Brassicaceae) species from Iran
Authors: Salehi-Eskandari Behrooz , Gahrouei Mina Shahbazi , Boyd Robert S. , Rajakaruna Nishanta , Ghasemi Rasoul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims

Plants growing on quarry tailings at the Irankouh Pb/Zn mine encounter both drought stress and high levels of Pb. To better understand role of drought and Pb in plant adaptation to Pb/Zn quarry tailings, we compared effects of drought stress (simulated by polyethylene glycol - PEG) and Pb, individually and in concert, to determine how these stressors affected two plant species: the metallicolous species Matthiola flavida and the non-metallicolous M. incana.
Methods

Plants were exposed to Pb (Pb(NO3)2) and three levels of PEG (0, -0.5, and − 0.75 MPa) in a complete factorial design.
Results

Lead had non-significant effects on growth and oxidative stress but enhanced levels of osmoprotectants and phenol compounds in the metallicolous M. flavida, whereas in the non-metallicolous M. incana Pb had non-significant or toxic effects on the same variables (except for the osmoprotectants proline and glycine betaine, and anthocyanins). In contrast to M. incana, the metallicolous species was hypertolerant of Pb, showing strongly reduced root-to-shoot translocation and enhanced Pb accumulation in the root, especially when under drought stress.
Conclusion

We conclude that enhanced Pb accumulation in the root and reduced translocation to the shoot, particularly when under high PEG exposure in the metallicolous species, reduced toxic effects of Pb in the shoot. This was aided by the accumulation of reducing sugars and phenolic compounds as well as greater catalase activity.
Simultaneous Determination of Cis- and Trans-Palmitoleic acid in Rat Serum by LC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Huang Wenwen , yiping zhang , Liping Zhong , Chunlong Sun , Guangyu Yan , Ting Yang , Ruizao Yi , Hao Wu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Cis-palmitoleic acid (cPOA) and trans-palmitoleic acid (tPOA) are isomers of palmitoleic acid, which are monounsaturated fatty acids, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism, and reducing insulin resistance. tPOA was better than cPOA in regulating lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia mice, but the metabolic transformation and structure-activity relationship haven’t been reported. Method: A precise and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) method was developed to determine cPOA and tPOA simultaneously. cPOA and tPOA were administered i.g. (intragastric gavage) to rats at 75 mg/kg respectively, serum samples were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS on a reverse-phase BDS C18 column equilibrated and eluted with acetonitrile (A) and water (B) (A:B = 80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was 1 μL. Results: The calibration curves for cPOA and tPOA were linear over the range 0.1~12 μg/mL. Analytes were monitored by selected-reaction monitoring in negative electrospray ionization mode. The Tmax of cPOA was 0.94±0.44 h and the Cmax 8.17±1.97 μg/L, and the Tmax of tPOA was 1.50±0.98 h and the Cmax 14.77±11.91 μg/L. AUC0-24h of cPOA and tPOA were 59.45±29.83 and 113.88±72.25 mg/L*h.Conclusions: The method was applied in pharmacokinetic study of cPOA and tPOA successfully. Besides, it’s found the concentration of cPOA and tPOA fluctuated in serum of rats with the consistent trend, which may be reciprocal bio-convert in biological activity in the body.
Disseminated Strongyloides Stercoralis Hyperinfection in an Immunocompetent Patient First Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing in Cerebrospinal Fluid: a Case Report
Authors: Qu Junyan , Zong Zhiyong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection is rarely described in immunocompetent individuals and can lead to fatal outcomes if not recognized and diagnosed early. Non-specific clinical manifestations, such as pneumonia and gastroenteritis, pose a diagnostic dilemma. Case presentation: We report a case of a 67-year-old Chinese male who presented with two months of abdominal pain, fever, headache, vomiting, constipation, and slight cough with sputum. He had been in good health and had no history of glucocorticoid use. He was diagnosed with enterococcal meningitis and intestinal obstruction at a local hospital and improved after treatment with vancomycin, but symptoms of headache and abdominal pain soon recurred. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the cerebrospinal fluid using Illumina X10 sequencer revealed 7 sequence reads matching Strongyloides stercoralis. Disseminated strongyloidiasis was suspected. Next, microscopic examination of gastric fluid revealed Larvae of S. stercoralis. DNA extracted of larvae, the presence of both S. stercoralis ribosomal DNA gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene was identified. Disseminated strongyloidiasis was diagnosed. Albendazole (400 mg, twice daily) was used and the patient recovered gradually.Conclusions: S. stercoralis hyperinfection can occur in immunocompetent individuals, imposing challenges for diagnosis. mNGS may be a useful tool for detecting rare infectious disease. The case would help clinicians to raise awareness of strongyloidiasis in non-endemic areas and reduce fatality.
Association between Lower Body Temperature and Increased Tau Pathology in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
Authors: Blessing Esther M. , Parekh Ankit , Betensky Rebecca A. , Babb James , Saba Natalie , Debure Ludovic , Varga Andrew W. , Ayappa Indu , Rapoport David M. , Butler Tracy A. , de Leon Mony J , Wisniewski Thomas M. , Lopresti Brian J. , Osorio Ricardo S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Long-term effectiveness of a community-based lifestyle intervention on smoking behaviors in adults: novel findings from Middle-East
Authors: Masihay-Akbar Hasti , Amiri Parisa , Cheraghi Leila , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introductionwe investigated the long-term effects of a community-based lifestyle intervention on cigarette smoking and intensity, hookah, and passive smoking in a Middle-Eastern population.MethodsWe used data of adult participans of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), (10368 individuals). After excluding those with missings and lost-to-follow-ups, 4915 individials underwent triennial follow-ups for 15.8 years and 1322 received intervention. The smoking status (cigarette, hookah, passive and cigarette intensity) were compared between control and intervention using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE).ResultsIntervention reduced the odds of cigarette smoking in men by 27% (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56–0.96; P = 0.03). Estimated mean cigarettes/day was 1.58 lower in men in intervention group. The intervention had short-term positive effects on mens’ hookah smoking at 2nd follow up (coefficient = -0.54, 95% CI= -0.94,-0.14; P = 0.008). The effect was not significant at long-term (P > 0.05). women in intervention group were 38% less likely to smoke cigarette or hookah (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.42–0.91; P = 0.016) and had 33% lower odds of secondhand-smoke exposure (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54–0.84; P = 0.001).ConclusionsA community-based lifestyle intervention have long-term effects in reducing cigarette smoking and intensity in men, along with tobacco and passive smoking in women. It could affect mens’ hookah smoking only in short-term.
Correlation Between Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Postoperative Mortality in Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Chou Ching-Hsin , Chen Yu-Hang , Su Hsin-Hsien , Tsai Yu-Ting , Chiang Ming-Hsiu , Kuo Yi-Jie , Chen Yu-Pin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a crucial prognosis predictor following several major operations. However, the association between NLR and the outcome after hip fracture surgery is unclear. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the correlation between NLR and postoperative mortality in geriatric patients following hip surgery. Method: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched for studies up to June 2021 reporting the correlation between NLR and postoperative mortality in elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture. Data from studies reporting the mean of NLR and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled. Both long-term (≥1 year) and short-term (≤30 days) mortality rates were included for analysis.Result: Eight retrospective studies comprising a total of 1563 patients were included. Both preoperative and postoperative NLRs (mean difference [MD]: 2.75, 95% CI: 0.23–5.27; P = 0.03 and MD: 2.36, 95% CI: 0.51–4.21; P = 0.01, respectively) were significantly higher in the long-term mortality group than in the long-term survival group. However, no significant differences in NLR were noted between the short-term mortality and survival groups (MD: −1.02, 95% CI: −3.98 to 1.93; P = 0.5).Conclusion: Higher preoperative and postoperative NLRs were correlated with a higher risk of long-term mortality following surgery for hip fracture in the geriatric population, suggesting the prognostic value of NLR for long-term survival. Further studies with well-controlled confounders are warranted to clarify the predictive value of NLR in clinical practice in geriatric patients with hip fracture.Trial registration: no registration needed
Expression and Diagnostic Efficacy of miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p in Serum Extracellular Vesicles of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhao Jie , Hang Wenlu , Wang Qian , Xu Yonghong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a disease with quite grave prognosis. This study explored the diagnostic efficiency of miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) in NSCLC patients.Methods: Serum EVs were extracted from NSCLC patients and healthy people and verified. The expression of miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p in serum EVs were tested. Correlation of miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p expression and diagnosis, prognosis and pathological characteristics (age, gender, tumor size, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis) of NSCLC patients was analyzed. The downstream targets of miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p were predicted and their roles in diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC patients were evaluated.Results: miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p were poorly expressed in serum EVs of NSCLC patients and their low expressions were associated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of NSCLC patients and could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis. As the common target genes of miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p, LYPLA1 and CDK6 were highly expressed in serum EVs and were associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients.Conclusion: Lowly expressed miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p in serum EVs of NSCLC patients can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and are linked with prognosis. As common targets of miR-126-5p and miR-34c-3p, LYPLA1 and CDK6 are also associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients.
Analysis of the Impact of Corruption in the Health System and Some Recommendations Concepts
Authors: Budiarsih Budiarsih 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A country that has a good system will be able to provide good services to its people, but in practice the regulations and financing systems experience obstacles. One of the problems faced by a country is fraud which has the potential to become an act of corruption. Corruption by some individuals is very detrimental to the community as recipients of health services. The data shows the purpose of creating a health system that has a good vision and mission, but in practice, it creates misery for the community, especially the middle to a lower class. During the Covid-19 pandemic, corruption in the financing of the health system also increased. Based on the above background, the researcher will focus on the issue of how to analyze the impact of corruption in the Health System and how to conceptualize recommendations to overcome it. Juridical normative and sociological methods are used to study the problems found and at the same time analyzed in the health financing system. The results of the study found that the health financing system has a noble purpose for the benefit of society. However, in its implementation, there are many errors in the system that result in actions and have the potential to become acts of corruption that result in state losses. Recommendations are made to be implemented immediately so that crime stops and society is protected.
Mathematical Modelling Co-existence of Diabetes and COVID-19 : Deterministic and Stochastic Approach
Authors: S Anusha , ATHITHAN S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Diabetes affects the epidemiology of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), is correlated with the exorbitant threat of COVID-19 incidence and failure of treatment. Hence, studying the mechanisms behind the coexistence of diabetes and COVID-19 is useful for the development of better public health policies. In this article, we have developed a novel deterministic model for the co-infection of diabetes and COVID-19. It consists of five compartments corresponding to five population classes, namely, diabetes susceptible, diabetes patients, COVID-19 susceptible, COVID-19 infected and COVID19 recovered class. We have discussed the non-negativity and invariant region of the system. Next, the existence of equilibrium points and stabilities of different equilibria of the model are studied. Also, by using the next-generation matrix method the basic reproduction number (R0) is calculated. Further, we perform the sensitivity analysis of R0 and observed that reduction of transmission coefficient (α₁) from diabetes susceptible class to diabetes class is the most critical factor to control the co-infection. We endeavor to fit our model with the data given by the World Health Organization(WHO)[1] and it suits well with the data. Moreover, the deterministic model is extended into the stochastic model. And by using numerical simulations our results of stochastic and deterministic models are compared. Our numerical findings are performed through computer simulation, which illustrates the robustness of our model from the eco-epidemiological perspective. The results obtained highlight the burden of diabetes and COVID-19 coinfection and the role of the α₁ in the severity of the disease.
Regulation of Medicines Advertisement in Zimbabwe: An Assessment of The Impact of Pharmaceutical Promotion On The Prescribing Behaviour of Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Semu Tafadzwa Collins , NGARA Bernard , Mudzviti Tinashe 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe pharmaceutical industry plays a key role in drug discovery and is considered useful regards to informing the health care workers health care workers about new medicines. There are growing concerns related to regulating promotion of pharmaceutical products and there is notable evidence to suggest it has a significant impact health care workers’ decision-making. Investigations concerning health care workers to industry interactions are less common. The objective of this study is to determine levels of knowledge, attitude and perception towards regulation of pharmaceutical promotion among healthcare practitioners in Zimbabwe. MethodsA cross-sectional study was used and 330 healthcare practitioners were enrolled into the study. Data collection was done through combined face-to-face interviews and web-based online survey. The study was approved for ethics by the Joint Research Ethics Committee. We calculated the relative importance index score and use as a measure the of knowledge, attitude and perception levels towards pharmaceutical promotion. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed using STATA software package. ResultsOur study estimated that 95%, 67%, and 90% of the healthcare practitioners in Zimbabwe have a favourable (i.e. >65%) relative importance index score of knowledge, attitudes, and perception, respectively, towards regulation of pharmaceutical promotion. Further exploration of the data indicated that the factors that had an association with the knowledge, attitude and perception levels towards regulation of pharmaceutical regulation at 5% level of significance include health care workers’ profession, gender, education level, the nature of the working institution and the number of prescriptions involved per week. ConclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this study highlighted that in general the health care workers in Zimbabwe have higher levels of knowledge, attitude and perception towards regulation of pharmaceutical promotion, though the attitudes levels was lower compared to other domains. Further studies aimed at understanding or evaluating various aspects for the regulation of pharmaceutical promotion are recommended in order to complement the findings of this study.
An Advanced Lyophilization Toward Intact Lipid Nanovesicles: Liquid-mediated Freezing With Cryoprotectant to Retain the Integrity of Lipid Nanovesicles
Authors: Yang Eunhye , Yu Hyunjong , Choi SungHak , Park Kyung-Min , Jung Ho-Sup , Chang Pahn-Shick 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A novel lyophilization method using liquid-mediated freezing (LMF) with cryoprotectant (CPA) was designed to achieve intact lipid nanovesicles after lyophilization. During the freezing step, CPA prevented water supercooling, and the freezing rate was controlled by LMF. Regulating the freezing rate by various liquid media was a crucial determinant of membrane disruption, and isopropanol (freezing rate of 0.933°C/min) was the optimal medium for the LMF system. Lyophilized lipid nanovesicle using both LMF and CPA retained 92.9% of the core material and had uniform size distributions (Z-average diameter = 135.5 nm, polydispersity index = 0.074), similar to intact vesicles (112.3 nm and 0.184, respectively), after rehydration. Only lyophilized lipid nanovesicle using both LMF and CPA showed no changes in membrane fluidity and polarity. This lyophilization method can be applied to improve storage stability of lipid nanocarriers encapsulating drugs such as a mRNA vaccine, while retaining its original activity.
Comparative analysis of L-carnitine production by Yarrowia lipolytica in different culture conditions in biofuel waste and fatty acid-poor medium for commercial purposes
Authors: Jach Monika Elżbieta , Kubiński Konrad , Juda Marek , Sajnaga Ewa , Baj Tomasz , Malm Anna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast with the ability to grow in a variety of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates, including industrial wastes, in which it produces and accumulates various nutrients.
Methods

The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of free L-carnitine in the biomasses of two Yarrowia lipolytica strains (A-101 and ATCC 9793) growing in biofuel waste and YPD medium. The cultivations of Y. lipolytica were performed in aerobic conditions at different temperatures (20–30°C) and pH values (4.0–7.0) of the media with and without the addition of precursors for L-carnitine production (trimethyllysine, iron, and L-ascorbic acid) in a laboratory scale or other substances (chromium, selenite, or zinc) in a pilot plant scale.
Results

Both tested Y. lipolytica strains grown in fatty acid-poor YPD medium contained endogenous free L-carnitine in their biomass with a maximum of 22.85 mg/100 g of wet biomass. The addition of L-carnitine precursors to the YPD medium exerted a significant effect on L-carnitine concentration in the yeast biomass, increasing it up to 250%. In turn, the biomass of both tested Y. lipolytica strains cultivated in the biofuel waste, irrespective of the culture conditions, contained below 1 mg of L-carnitine/100 g of wet biomass. However, the supplementation of the culture media with the L-carnitine precursors significantly increased the yield of the yeast biomass by 20–30% in the non-fermentable biofuel waste cultures. Moreover, the addition of chromium (III) chloride into the biofuel waste caused an increase in the free L-carnitine concentration in the yeast biomass up to 2.24 mg/100 g of dry weight.
Conclusion

Biomass of Y. lipolytica grown in the fat-poor medium contained free L-carnitine, in contrast to the biomass grown in the fat-rich biofuel waste. The very low amounts of L-carnitine in the biomass of Y. lipolytica grown in the crude biofuel waste suggest that the yeast is able to utilize almost the entire pool of free L-carnitine for growth and nutritional biomass production. However, the addition of chromium to the biofuel waste contributed to an increase in L-carnitine concentration in Y. lipolytica biomass.
The Beneficial Effects of Physical Running on Dendritic Spines and Amyloid-Beta Pathology in 3xTg-AD Mice
Authors: Xu Benke , He Yun , Liu Lian , Ye Guosheng , Chen Lulu , Wang Qingning , Chen Michael , Chen Yuncai , Long Dahong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Memory loss is the key symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As successful drug treatments have not yet been identified, non-pharmaceutical intervention, such as physical exercise has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve memory function of people with dementia. Here we investigated the effect of prolonged physical running on hippocampal-dependent spatial memory and underlying mechanisms in 3xTg-AD mouse, a well-established rodent model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: 3xTg-AD transgenic mice that bear three mutations of AD were used and compared with non-transgenic mice. Voluntary wheel running continued for 5 months (1 hour per day, 5 days per week), followed by spatial memory testing. At the end of behavior testing, dendritic spines, synapses, and synaptic proteins as well as amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology were analyzed in dorsal hippocampus. Results: Running improved hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in 3xTg-AD mice. This running strategy prevented both thin and mushroom-type spines on CA1 pyramidal cells in 3xTg-AD mice, whereas the effects of running in non-transgenic mice were limited to thin spines. The enormous effects of running on spines were accompanied by increased synapses and higher expressions of synaptic proteins. Notably, running downregulated the processing of amyloid precursor protein, resulting in reduced Aβ peptides, and spatial memory performance correlated with levels of Aβ peptides including Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. Conclusion: These data suggest that prolonged running may improve memory in preclinical AD via slowing down amyloid pathology and preventing loss of synaptic contacts.