bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating shifts in species distribution following herbicide and fertilizer applications for smutgrass (Sporobolus indicus) control in bahiagrass
Authors: Shay Nicholas J. , Baxter Lisa L. , Basinger Nicholas T. , Secor William G. , Burt Justin C. , Hancock Guy A. , Schwartz Brian M. , Belcher Jason 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Novel management strategies for controlling smutgrass have potential to influence sward dynamics in bahiagrass forage systems. This experiment evaluated population shifts in bahiagrass forage following implementation of integrated herbicide and fertilizer management plans for controlling smutgrass. Herbicide treatments included indaziflam applied PRE, hexazinone applied POST, a combination of PRE + POST herbicides, and a nonsprayed control. Fertilizer treatments included nitrogen, nitrogen + potassium, and an unfertilized control. The POST treatment reduced smutgrass coverage regardless of PRE or fertilizer application by the end of the first season and remained low for the 3-yr duration of the experiment (P < 0.01). All treatments, including nontreated controls, reduced smutgrass coverage during year 3 (P < 0.05), indicating that routine harvesting to remove the biomass reduced smutgrass coverage. Bahiagrass cover increased at the end of year 1 with POST treatment (P < 0.01), but only the POST + fertilizer treatment maintained greater bahiagrass coverage than the nontreated control by the end of year 3 (P < 0.05). Expenses associated with the POST + fertilizer treatment totaled US$348 ha−1 across the 3-yr experiment. Other smutgrass control options could include complete removal of biomass (hay production) and pasture renovation, which can cost 3-fold or greater more than POST + fertilizer treatment. Complete removal of biomass may reduce smutgrass coverage by removing mature seedheads, but at a much greater expense of US$2,835 to US$5,825 ha−1, depending on herbicide and fertilizer inputs. Bahiagrass renovation is US$826 ha−1 in establishment costs alone. When pasture production expenses are included for two seasons postrenovation, the total increases to US$1,120 ha−1 across three seasons. The importance of hexazinone and fertilizer as components of smutgrass control in bahiagrass forage was confirmed in this study. Future research should focus on the biology of smutgrass and the role of a PRE treatment in a long-term, larger-scale forage system.
Patients’ reasons for leaving an emergency department without being seen: results from a survey-based cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bryan Irene , Austen-Wishart Anthony , Ranjan Pratibha , Plant Luke , Forcey Dana , Millar Robert 
Published: December 2024

Objective Patients who do not wait (DNW) to be seen are a problem for emergency department (ED) care. The aim of this study was to identify the rate and reasons of DNW patients during 1 month of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An observational cohort study of DNW patients presenting to Austin Hospital ED was carried out in August 2021. Patients were identified using hospital coding data and surveyed by telephone. DNW patients’ reasons were explored, and their demographics and clinical outcomes compared with those who received care. Results Of 7641 patients presenting to ED in the study period, 6% (n = 452) were DNW patients. Compared with those who received care, DNW patients were younger (P < 0.001), had lower triage categories (P = 0.001) and were more likely to have self-presented (P = 0.006). A total of 47% of DNW patients (n = 213) participated in the survey. Reasons for leaving included waiting time (61%, n = 129), symptom improvement (13%, n = 28), reassurance from staff (7%, n = 15) and ED crowding (6%, n = 12). A total of 75% of DNW patients (n = 159) sought alternative medical care; 14% (n = 29) reported hospitalisation within 7 days. 64% (n = 137) did not feel that the experience affected their likelihood of seeking future ED care; 32% (n = 69) felt less likely to seek future ED care. Conclusions During the month studied, the DNW rate was 6%. Reassuringly, most patients sought alternative medical care, although one-third were dissuaded from returning to the ED. Future research should focus on high-risk group delineation and qualitative description of the experiences and reasons of DNW patients.
Mobilisation and replenishment of phosphorus reserves in Bos indicus cows. 1. Mid-pregnant mature cows post-weaning
Authors: Dixon R. M. , Castells L. , Goodwin K. L. , Kidd L. J. , Anderson S. T. , Mayer R. J. , Isherwood P. , McNeill D. M. , Fletcher M. T. 
Published: December 2024

Context Lactating beef cows grazing phosphorus (P)-deficient pastures often mobilise body P to alleviate a P deficiency. Knowledge of the circumstances when body P is mobilised, and later replenished, is necessary for optimal management of the P nutrition of breeder herds. Aims To investigate mobilisation and replenishment of body P in mature Bos indicus-cross beef cows post-weaning. Methods Cows (n = 40) in their second trimester of pregnancy were individually fed ad libitum low-P (LP) or high-P (HP) diets containing moderate or high metabolisable energy (ModE-LP, HighE-LP, ModE-HP and HighE-HP) for 14 weeks. Key results Plasma inorganic P concentrations (Pi) in LP- or HP-diet cows (0.58 and 2.15 mmol/L respectively) indicated that diet P was deficient or adequate. Intakes of DM and metabolisable energy, liveweight gain, and P retention were higher (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) in cows fed the HP diets, and were also increased in the high metabolisable-energy diets. Efficiency in use of metabolisable energy for slow growth was lower in the HighE-LP than the ModE-HP cows. The cows fed the LP diets mobilised 4–5 g body P/day. Cows fed the Mod-HP and HighE-HP diets retained 1.1 and 8.8 g body P/day, and those ModE-HP cows with low bone P reserves retained ~2.3 g P/day. Rib cortical bone P did not change in HP cows but decreased (P < 0.05) in LP cows. The HP diets increased the bone volume, mineralised bone, and the thickness of the struts in trabecular bone in the tuber coxae. Osteoid tissue decreased (P < 0.05) in HighE-HP cows. Changes in plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, carboxy-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-1) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were in accord with substantial bone mobilisation in cows fed LP diets, and bone replenishment with HP diets. Conclusions Cows that had ingested P-deficient diets during lactation were able to further mobilise body P when fed LP diets post-weaning, but cows replenished body P when fed HP diets. Implications Mature cows with low body P reserves can replenish these reserves more rapidly when consuming diets high in both P and metabolisable energy.
Non-pharmacological treatment strategies for anthropometric, physical capacity and physiological indicators among sarcopenic obesity patients: a systematic review of rigorous randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tian Haodong , Li Hansen , Zhang Xing , Liu Haowei , Huang Li , Yu Hanglin , Wu Jinlong , Cao Yang , Peng Li , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effects of non-pharmacological treatments on sarcopenic obesity (SO).

Methods
A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on SO was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models for MDs.

Results
The meta-analysis on 21 RCTs showed that exercise improved PBF (MD: −1.67%, p &lt; .01, I2 = 35%), grip strength (MD: 2.2 kg, p = .03, I2 = 61%), GS (MD: 0.08 m/s, p = .02, I2 = 0%), TCR (MD: 2.22 repetitions, p &lt; .01, I2 = 0%), TUG (MD: −1.48 s, p &lt; .01, I2 = 61%), UE strength (MD: 1.88 kg/kg, p &lt; .01, I2 = 0%) and LE strength (MD: 2.19 kg/kg, p &lt; .01, I2 = 0%). Nutritional interventions improved grip strength (MD: 1.52 kg, p &lt; .01, I2 = 0%). Combine interventions improved PBF (MD: −1.97%, p &lt; .01, I2 = 38%), ASMM (MD: 0.4 kg, p &lt; .01, I2 = 6%), grip strength (MD: 1.83 kg, p &lt; .01, I2 = 38%) and GS (MD: 0.04 m/s, p &lt; .01, I2 = 0%). Combined interventions were more effective than nutrition alone for reducing PBF (MD: −0.8%, p = .05, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion
The effects of exercise and nutrition interventions on SO are limited individually, especially regarding muscle mass, but their combination can yield optimal results. Additionally, physical therapy also demonstrated some potential.
Association between sarcopenic obesity and risk of frailty in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gengxin Yao , Xuehan Ma , Xinyu Wan , Yali Yang , Yiran Xu , Lishuang Zheng , Yiming Qiu , Guichen Li , Li Chen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Age-related changes in body composition such as muscle loss can lead to sarcopenia, which is closely associated with frailty. However, the effect of body fat accumulation on frailty in old age remains unclear. In particular, the association between the combination of these two conditions, known as sarcopenic obesity, and frailty in older adults is unclear.

Objective
To synthesise the association between sarcopenic obesity and the risk of frailty and to investigate the role of obesity in the risk of frailty in old age.

Methods
Six databases were searched from inception to 29 September 2024. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias for the included observational studies using the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The control groups consisted of robust, obese and sarcopenic individuals. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the risk of frailty due to sarcopenic obesity and the role of obesity in frailty amongst sarcopenic older adults.

Results
Sixteen eligible studies were included in meta-analyses from 1098 records. Compared to robust individuals, older adults with sarcopenic obesity were more vulnerable to frailty [odds ratio (OR), 3.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.62 to 5.39; I2 = 79.3%; P &lt; .0001]. Obesity was not associated with the risk of frailty (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.53; I2 = 0.0%; P = .501) in sarcopenic older adults.

Conclusions
Sarcopenic obesity is associated with a high risk of frailty. Sarcopenia and obesity may have synergistic effects on frailty in older adults.
Method of accessing alcohol and binge drinking status in youth and young adults
Authors: Noel Jonathan K , Jacob Steve , Borden Samantha K , Gately Kelsey A , Rosenthal Samantha R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
The study investigated relationships between how youth and young adults access alcohol and their binge drinking behaviors.

Methods
Data from the Rhode Island Student Survey (11- to 18-year-olds) and the Mobile Screen Time project (18- to 24-year-old) were included. Participants were asked whether they access alcohol through several different methods (e.g. gifts, purchase, theft), and a latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of behavior. Logistic regression models were used to determine if class assignment was associated with binge drinking, after adjusting for age, sexual/gender status, and identification as a Black, Indigenous, and other Person of Color.

Results
Among youth, participants who primarily accessed alcohol through friends had 6 times the odds of binge drinking (OR[95%CI] = 6.22 [4.08,9.49]), and those who accessed alcohol through all available sources had 23 times the odds (OR[95%CI] = 23.1 [9.08,58.6]). In young adults, participants who actively purchased alcohol had 3.7 times the odds of binge drinking (OR [95%CI] = 3.69 [1.62,8.37]).

Conclusions
Distinct means of accessing alcohol in youth and young adult populations can be identified, and different methods of access may be associated with increased binge drinking. Strong availability and ID checking policies are needed for on- and off-premise locations, and the implementation of parent-centered programs should be considered.
Just the Tip of the Iceberg: a Brief Report of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Score as an Embedded Validity Indicator for the Children’s Auditory and Visual Naming Tests
Authors: Hammond Jared B , Lichtenstein Jonathan D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Explore the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) scores from the Children’s Auditory and Visual Naming Tests (cANT, cVNT) as embedded validity indicators (EVIs).

Method
A retrospective design of 98 consecutively referred youth aged 6–15 years (M = 11.28, SD = 2.80) that completed neuropsychological evaluation at a tertiary-care academic medical center.

Results
Invalid performance (i.e., ≥2 failed PVTs) occurred in 12.2% of the sample, with base rates of failure on individual PVTs ranging from 1.0% to 30.6%. Area under the curve (AUC) showed statistical significance for the auditory (AUC = 0.811, p = .004) but not the visual TOT. Logistic regression indicated the combination of both TOT scores with other PVTs increased correct identification of invalid performance to 85.7% versus 75% without TOT scores.

Conclusion
The utility of the TOT as a language-based EVI is one of many potential advantages of the cANT and cVNT compared to other confrontation naming tests. To confirm this, future studies with more diverse populations are warranted.
Daily activity is repeatable but varies across the breeding season in female great tits
Authors: Elderbrock Emily K , Brown Geoffrey M , Dochtermann Ned A , Galante Holland , Hau Michaela , Greives Timothy J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wild animals typically organize activity around a 24-h day and daily timing across the year is optimized for both survival and reproductive success. Among-individual variation in chronotype, where individuals differ in when they begin or end their active day relative to a cue such as photoperiod, often exists within a population. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to this variation and activity patterns may change across and within different life-history stages as energetic investment changes. Here we describe population level changes in free-living female great tit (Parus major) activity patterns of onset and offset of activity as well as assess variation and repeatability in daily activity both within- and across-breeding stages. We fitted individual females with accelerometers to track activity prior to nest building through chick rearing. Prior to clutch initiation females began their active day before sunrise, however, in the days prior to laying their first egg, activity was delayed until after sunrise. Females ended activity prior to sunset across the monitoring period and earliest during egg laying and incubation. In addition, females exhibited greater among- and within-individual variance in activity during parental care. Female daily activity was moderately repeatable within breeding stages and strongly covaried across several breeding stages. These findings expand our understanding of individual variation in activity patterns during reproduction and the potential fitness implications of chronotype in wild animals.
SGLT2 inhibitors and new frontiers in heart failure treatment regardless of ejection fraction and setting
Authors: Merlo Anna , D’Elia Emilia , Di Odoardo Luca , Sciatti Edoardo , Senni Michele 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to reduce cardiovascular (CV) mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, independently from left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). Their efficacy has been assessed both in patients with reduced and preserved EF, with notable benefits in renal outcomes as well. The initiation of SGLT2i in the early phase of hospitalization for acute HF has proven to be safe and beneficial. The EMPULSE and DICTATE-AHF trials support early empagliflozin and dapagliflozin use, respectively, reducing worsening HF events, improving quality of life, and enhancing diuretic efficiency. Notably, these benefits emerge shortly after the initiation of therapy, underscoring the importance of early integration into guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). Despite concerns regarding deterioration of renal function, SGLT2i appear to be safe even in patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR). Data suggest that SGLT2i benefits persist without increased safety risks, reassuring clinicians of their efficacy in patients experiencing renal decline. Concerns about volume depletion induced by SGLT2i have also been addressed, with documented enhanced diuresis without adverse renal impacts. Moreover, SGLT2i have been associated with a lower risk of hyperkalaemia events, thus allowing for better optimization of GDMT, including the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Overall, these findings highlight the broad CV, renal, and metabolic benefits of SGLT2i, advocating for their early and widespread use in HF management, regardless of EF or eGFR.
Can we slow down the decline in renal function?
Authors: Cice Gennaro , Calò Leonardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ‘chronic kidney disease’ (CKD) definition that best outlines the complex syndrome commonly called ‘kidney failure’ has become a problem of World Public Health due to its incidence and prevalence and due to exponentially increasing costs in every part of the world. The progressive reduction in the glomerular filtration rate, as known, goes hand in hand with an increase in cardiovascular risk understood as fatal and non-fatal heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and mortality. Therefore, every effort must aim at preventing or slowing down the decline in renal function in order to reduce not only critical renal events (the need for dialysis or transplantation among the most dreadful) but also the incidence of cardiovascular events. Since the disease is asymptomatic for a long time (often its detection is occasional and done with guilty delay), it is clearly important to make a correct and early evaluation of renal function with appropriate methods. Furthermore, it is crucial to make an aetiological diagnosis, when it is possible, of CKD because this will allow for the most targeted therapy possible. For a long time, an effective approach for the majority of people with CKD could only count on strict control of the diabetic disease and its complications, optimization of high blood pressure values, and the mandatory use of drugs blocking the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, particularly in the presence of albuminuria. Over time, this strategy proved to be only partially effective and the majority of patients nonetheless showed a progressive worsening of renal function. Only recently have we had access to two classes of innovative drugs such as glyphozines and incretins which have established themselves on the therapeutic scene because they have shown to be able to slow down the progression of CKD, first in patients with type 2 diabetes and subsequently in patients with CKD whether or not they have diabetes. Unexpectedly and convincingly, they have also been shown to significantly impact cardiovascular prognosis. From initially antidiabetic drugs, their effectiveness has forced the medical iconography to enrich itself with a new therapeutic niche by rightly speaking of ‘cardio-nephro-metabolic’ drugs.
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in a combined penetrating thoracic aortic and spinal cord injury
Authors: Amm Jacqueline , Laney Estelle , Robbertze Rubinette , Moeng Maeyane 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Endovascular repair of aortic injuries secondary to blunt trauma has been widely described. However, literature on endovascular management in penetrating aortic injuries is scarce. The patient in this case report, a victim of penetrating thoracic aortic trauma, presented 5 days after injury with Brown–Sequard syndrome and a contained aortic injury (pseudoaneurysm) and was haemodynamically stable. Therefore, thoracic endovascular aortic repair was an option in this case. Endovascular repair carries a lower peri-operative morbidity and mortality rate than open repair. However, because most cases of penetrating thoracic vascular injury have haemodynamic instability, open surgery is considered the standard of care. This case demonstrates successful management of an aortic injury with a minimally invasive procedure.
Complex perianal abscess: a case report of shooting from the hip
Authors: Tilleard Peter , Swift Kate , Tani Daniel , Cheong Ju Yong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The perianal abscess is a common emergency surgical presentation. While in most cases simple drainage suffices, occasionally the abscess can track deeply presenting a management challenge. We describe the case of a complex circumferential horseshoe ischioanal abscess with extension below the levator ani through the greater sciatic notch and into the left gluteal region, with the collection involving the intergluteal space and gluteus maximus. The complex nature of the abscess warranted a novel joint approach by Colorectal surgery and Orthopaedic surgery teams. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high degree of suspicion for, early recognition and imaging of deeper anorectal abscess extension.
Above knee amputation following periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty: a fatal outcome
Authors: Purcell Catherine , Gangadharan Rajkumar , Ampat George 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful and cost-effective procedure for which demand is increasing annually. Outcomes are generally good with satisfaction rates of 70%, so the procedure is commonly used in osteoarthritis management to improve mobility and alleviate pain. Above knee amputation (AKA) is a devastating complication of TKA. AKA is associated with high mortality, phantom pain, and non-ambulatory disability. In the US, the incidence of AKAs due to periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is rising drastically, with the proportion of AKAs performed due to PJI having almost quadrupled from 1998 to 2013. We present the case of a patient who developed severe uncontrolled infection following routine TKA, resulting in an above-knee amputation and ultimately death. Due to the extremity of the outcome and the rising incidence of the complication involved, this is an important case to discuss.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma mimicking the cervical epidural hematoma in a patient who underwent spinal manipulation therapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kokot Klaudia , Chasles Oskar , Krakowiak Michał , Yuser Rami , Dzierżanowski Jarosław , Szmuda Tomasz , Maj Aleksandra , Nacewicz Jacek , Zieliński Piotr 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) mimicking an epidural hematoma in the cervical spine is an extremely unique case. We present a case of a 42-year-old man, who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of tetraparesis after a session of spinal manipulation therapy. magnetic resonance imaging visualized a lesion located at C3–C7 causing spinal cord compression with surrounding soft tissue edema suggesting epidural hematoma. The patient was admitted to the Neurosurgery Department and emergent laminectomy was performed. Intraoperatively, an infiltrating tumor was found, which was partially resected and sent for post-op histopathological examination, determining it to be a DLBCL. Our work aims to increase awareness of such cases, which may make it easier to make the proper diagnosis.