bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unspoiled Identities of People Living Alone With Dementia: Resisting Stigma by Helping Others
Authors: de Medeiros Kate , Girling Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Goffman (1963) described stigma as the shift from being viewed as a whole and usual person to one with a spoiled identity. People living with dementia (PLWD) often report feeling stigmatized. Many dementia stereotypes highlight losses (e.g., loss of self) and negatively position the person as a passive, dependent care recipient. Here, we present findings from a qualitative study of people living alone with dementia (N=10) in the community that challenge these stereotypes. Analysis of in-depth interviews revealed that many participants resisted the spoiled identity label through active engagement in the community such as participating in paid employment, providing care for neighbors and family members, and volunteering. Overall, findings underscore the need to rethink and challenge common perceptions of PLWD that are focused solely on care, to recognize their active and valuable role in the lives of others. How PLWD negotiate these identities should inform policies of dementia in community.
Global Publishing Opportunities in Gerontology: A View From the Editor's Desk
Authors: Miller Edward , Simpson Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Global aging has proceeded at an unprecedented and accelerating rate. The aging of the population creates both opportunities and challenges for elders, their families, and society in general. Importantly, there is substantial variation in the effects of and response to global aging both within and across nations depending, in part, on prevailing cultural expectations and values, political and economic imperatives, and social and demographic characteristics. Thus, while some regions and countries have responded with innovative policies and programs to better enable the growing cohort of older adults to remain active and engaged in the community, other regions and countries have struggled with their response or barely begun to plan for the rising population of elders. This symposium assembles editors at five leading gerontological journals to demonstrate the role that peer-reviewed scholarship can play in disseminating knowledge that informs gerontological research, policy, and practice internationally. Editors include: Kyungmin Kim, PhD, Research on Aging; Jessica Kelley, PhD, Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences; Edward Alan Miller, PhD, Journal of Aging & Social Policy; Julie Hicks Patrick, PhD, International Journal of Aging & Human Development; and Julie Robison, PhD, The Journal of Applied Gerontology. Each presenter will review the scope, content, and focus of their journals and the role and opportunities for international scholarship.
The Role of Global Scholarship in the Journal of Aging & Social Policy
Authors: Miller Edward , Simpson Elizabeth , Gusmano Michael , Nadash Pamela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Policymakers, practitioners, and researchers need a balanced, thoughtful, and analytical resource to meet the challenge of global aging at a rate that’s historically unprecedented. The Journal of Aging & Social Policy (JASP), which was founded in 1989, serves this role by drawing contributions from an international panel of policy analysts and scholars who assume an interdisciplinary perspective in examining and analyzing critical phenomena that affect aging and the development and implementation of programs for elders from a global perspective. Study settings extend beyond the United States to include Europe, the Middle East, Australia, Latin America, Asia, and the Asia-Pacific rim. This presentation will document the scope, content, and focus of JASP, including the rise of international submissions, which now account for approximately half of articles published. Opportunities for publishing in JASP will be discussed; so too will strategies for navigating the peer-review process successfully.
Research on Aging: The International View From the Editors’ Desks
Authors: Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey , Peng Changmin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We review the scope, content, and focus of the peer-reviewed journal, Research on Aging (SAGE), publishing its 422nd volume this year. We will discuss how scholarship produced from researchers around the globe has changed over the years. Data on submissions, acceptance rates, and the important role of an international editorial board will be presented. The review process will be described, along with suggestions on how to increase chances of success when submitting original research. Although Research on Aging is sometimes considered to focus primarily on social gerontology, the scope in recent years has widened considerably, with manuscripts in aging studies published from such fields as economics, psychology, demography, public health, and public policy, as well as from sociology, and social work, among others. One of several special issues forthcoming in the journal will be described to demonstrate the possibilities for international impact.
Chronic Disease Among Medicaid Beneficiaries Over 50: The Potential Impact of Medicaid Work Requirements
Authors: Sneed Rodlescia , Gardner Graham , Stubblefield Alexander , Mezuk Briana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since 2018, several states have proposed requiring work or other community engagement activities as a condition of receiving Medicaid; however, there has been little inquiry into the impact of such policies on Medicaid recipients over 50. Here, we describe the prevalence and burden of chronic disease among Medicaid beneficiaries over 50 who might be impacted by Medicaid work requirements. We used data from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, a large-scale population-based study of adults aged &gt;50. Our sample included individuals over 50 who were not Medicare-eligible (&lt;65 years old) and not receiving Social Security Income. We used logistic regression models to compare those working &lt;20 hours per week (the minimal community engagement/work cutoff) to those working &gt;=20 hours per week, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, and marital status. Individuals working &lt;20 hours per week had greater prevalence of chronic health conditions, including greater odds of diabetes (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.37-2.46), hypertension (OR:2.56; 95% CI: 1.69-3.89), arthritis (OR: 2.96; 95% CI: 2.06-4.62, and lung disease (OR: 4.11; 95% CI: 2.31-7.32). Further, among those with chronic health conditions, those working &lt;20 hours per week reported more, medication use, more worsening of their conditions in the past 2 years, and more hospitalization than their counterparts. Taken together, these finding suggest that Medicaid work requirements in this population would have the most impact on the most medically vulnerable individuals. Policymakers should consider this as they propose policies impacting Medicaid coverage in this population.
The Division of Aging Biology on Basic Research in Health Disparities
Authors: Carrington-Lawrence Stacy , Kohanski Ronald 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The core mission of the Division of Aging Biology is to explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging. Work supported by the Division is best known for research using laboratory animals, but we have a less well-recognized program of research engaging human participants. With a goal expanding our presence in clinical research and the hope that we can have an impact on health disparities, this talk will provide an overview of how our grantees approach basic mechanistic questions of aging in human communities. In addition, a forward-looking but speculative presentation will be made on ways in which laboratory animals might be used to study health disparities from the perspective of hallmarks of aging.
Reducing Aspiration Pneumonia Risk for Older People: Effect of Evidence-Based Oral Care
Authors: Goldberg Lynette , Crocombe Leonard , Bettiol Silvana , King Anna , Khadka Sangeeta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Poor oral health increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia for older people. This is due primarily to six pathogens found in the mouth: five bacteria and one fungus. With a cohort of older people who were dependent on others for their oral care, we analyzed the load and type of bacteria and fungi from swabs of cheek, gum, and tongue mucosa. There were no significant differences between the three sites for load of bacteria (H (2) = .89; p = .64); there were significant differences between the sites for type of bacteria (F (2,78) = 11.97; p &lt;.001) with the tongue showing the greatest diversity. There were no significant differences between the three sites for load (H (2) = 2.94; p = .23) or type (F (2,77) = .46; p = .63) of fungi. We then investigated the effect of regular compared to evidence-based oral care over a six-week period, and whether evidence-based oral care could significantly reduce the absolute count of the six oral pathogens specifically related to aspiration pneumonia. Participants self-selected into Regular Care (n = 10) and Evidence-based Care (n = 17) Groups. Evidence-based oral care resulted in significant decreases (p = .02 to p &lt; .001) in the load of four potentially pathogenic bacterial species, including E. coli, gut-based bacteria, and in an increased load of Lactobacillus reuteri, a host-protective normal flora in the mouth, compared to baseline. There were no significant differences between groups for the abundance and type of fungi.
Effectiveness of an Intergenerational Service-Learning Program to Change Attitudes on Aging
Authors: Bartlett Sara , Bergman Sky , Solomon Phyllis , Gellis Zvi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of a 10-hour intergenerational service-learning program administered to undergraduates to determine if it would increase knowledge about aging, improve attitudes about older adults, and reduce ageism more than a course with less service-learning activity. Making maximum impact on students in these areas in a short amount of time is particularly relevant in short, quarter-based university programs. A quasi-experimental design using a convenience sample compared pre-test and post-test scores between an experimental intervention (N=68) and a comparison (N=71) group on The Facts on Aging Quiz Multiple Choice version, Aging Semantic Differential, and Fabroni Scale on Ageism. Qualitative data via open-ended survey questions was also collected. The experimental intervention, the Lives Well Lived project, was based on a documentary film by the same name, which incorporates themes of successful aging. During the project students and older adults interviewed one another about living a life well lived, participated in a photo shoot, and created a Memoir for the older adult. The comparison group included two social visits to a congregate meal program. Results from multiple regression analysis showed that students in the intervention group had less ageist stereotypes and less negative bias about aging at post-test and qualitative data indicated they were more inclined to participate in intergenerational relationships in the future. Programs like this one that are longer and more relational may be useful for consideration in undergraduate gerontology courses in reducing ageism and promoting intergenerational relationships which benefit those of all ages.
Analysis of Cell and Molecular Phenotypes of a Highly Replicated Longevity-Associated FOXO3 Variant in Older Adults
Authors: Davy Philip , Chen Randi , Allsopp Richard , Willcox Bradley 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aging demographics in the US, and other industrialized nations, are resulting in rapidly increasing health care costs from age-related diseases. New therapeutic interventions to extend healthspan in older adults requires understanding connections between basic aging biology and human longevity factors. Using clinical samples from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program (HHP) and their Offspring, we are examining potential links between molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging and the longevity associated FOXO3 genotype (carriage of SNP rs2802292 “G” allele). Telomere dynamics in leucocytes (LTL) have shown strong correlation with multiple lifestyle and health factors. We previously demonstrated a significant protective relation between FOXO3 longevity genotype and LTL in a cross-sectional study. Now we are assessing a longitudinal relation, at three time points over 20+ years, in older men. We are also exploring stem cell frequency and differentiation capacity in neurological and peripheral blood samples to assess FOXO3 genotype and human cell dynamics.
The Dartmouth Falls Prevention Training Program: Primary Care and Community-Based Organization Collaboration
Authors: Pidgeon Dawna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Falls are a leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries in older adults. Older adult participation in community-based falls prevention programs can significantly reduce falls risk, however, identifying and referring individuals to appropriate programs can be challenging. Through Administration for Community Living (ACL) funding, we have developed a comprehensive Dartmouth Falls Prevention Training Program for healthcare and community based organizations that includes (1) Falls screening in primary care; (2) “Balance Days”, a community-based education and balance screening event encompassing falls risk stratification and coaching into programs; (3) Instructor Training for Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance®, a highly effective falls prevention program; and (4) Implementation Training, a research informed workshop shown to enhance community-based program sustainability through participant retention. We will share strategies for sustainable collaborations between primary care and CBOs to reach at-risk individuals and improve lives and decrease costs associated with falls.
Leveraging Promising Policies to Support Long-Term Care Residents' Quality of Life Post-Pandemic
Authors: Taylor Deanne , Keefe Janice , Cook Heather 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Long-term care (LTC) is highly regulated and often the policy language is complex and in tension with residents’ quality of life goals. Prior to COVID-19, LTC policy levers prioritized safety over other quality domains such as privacy, dignity, spirituality, and comfort. During the pandemic, this focus on safety regulations, while important, intensified in ways that often negatively impacted residents’ overall quality of life. In this symposium, we share findings from a five- year research project where we conducted a unique and expansive review of regulatory policy across four Canadian jurisdictions. We highlight how 11 different quality of life domains are supported and which texts offering promising policy language to enhance a well-rounded quality of life for residents. These are timely insights to offer as policy-makers look to the future and consider the lessons learned from the pandemic. We contend that creating more LTC policy is not a timely pathway forward to LTC reform. Instead, we suggest that existing policy can be leveraged when applied within a resident-centred quality of life lens. We will guide attendees through examples of existing promising policies highlighting how they might leveraged in planning for a better LTC system. The discussion will be rooted in our unique resident-centred approach to policy analysis using specific domains of quality of life and then applied to four different perspectives: residents, families, staff and volunteers. Our discussant a Ministry of Health decision-maker will address the implications of our research for post-pandemic planning to improve resident quality of life
Multiscale Brain Aging in the Context of Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Thrush Kyra , Markov Yaroslav 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The brain, with a diverse array of specialized cells, regional substructures, and a relatively isolated microenvironment, represents a uniquely challenging organ system for aging research. The brain can experience physical trauma, interact with the periphery, and is responsible for cognitive and behavioral modifications that can feed back into the molecular processes of aging both within and external to the brain. Advances to our understanding and ability to intervene in the complexity that personifies brain aging and associated neurodegeneration will require integrated, multiscale approaches operating in tandem. Therefore, we have organized this symposium to highlight promising new approaches to study brain aging through the lens of multiple biological levels of organization. We will provide insight not only into normal brain aging, but will also suggest key spurious processes that may drive neurodegeneration and functional decline.
The Arc of Astrocyte Aging: Insights From scRNAseq
Authors: Meer Margarita , Minteer Christopher , Levine Morgan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There is an urgent need to increase our understanding of brain aging and its role in neurodegeneration. While, evidence suggest that many hallmarks of aging, including epigenetic alterations and cellular senescence may be implicated in dementia, studying these and other progressive molecular changes in the brain remains extremely challenging. We asked whether something as simple as artificially aging cells in culture could recapitulate the changes that occur during organismal aging. To test this, we passaged human primary astrocytes and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of cells at passages 2-10. We observe that the sequential passaging—that terminates with a cluster of senescent cells—can be captured by manifolds and used to quantify a pseudo-time measure of progressive transcriptional changes. We identify genes underlying this transition and apply this signature of in vitro astrocyte passaging to scRNAseq from human and mouse brain aging studies, demonstrating associations with aging and neuropathology.
Cultural Appropriateness of an Intervention to Promote Functional Recovery From Hospitalization: Caregiver Views
Authors: BeLue Rhonda , Boltz Marie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Fam-FFC model includes caregiver education and care pathway to promote physical function, wellbeing, and cognition. The Ecological Model (EM) provided a framework to assess the cultural appropriateness of the Fam-FFC intervention, through interviews with family caregivers, patients, and nurse champions, and focus groups with staff. Findings are described within the eight dimensions of the EM: 1 ) language: perceptions of the dyads’ comfort level with intervention information; (2) persons: representation of dyads’ ethnic /racial group within the nurse champions’ ethnicity/race; (3) metaphors: use of cultural terms equivalent to those used by participants; (4) content: integration of participants’ values, customs, and traditions in the intervention; (5) concepts: congruence of caregiving concepts with cultural norms; (6) goals: congruence of the intervention goals with participants’ cultural norms and goals; 7) methods: the culturally appropriateness of the delivery of the intervention; and (8) context: alignment of the intervention with the participant’s socio-community context.
Self-Care Theory and Translation to Intervention
Authors: Hirschman Karen , Riegel Barbara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Self-care is defined as a process of maintaining health through health promoting practices and managing illness when it occurs. Self-care is integral in the management of chronic conditions, but even those without illness engage in some level of self-care daily. In our on-going study we promote self-care as a means to control the stress associated with caregiving. We acknowledge the burden of caregiving for a loved one experiencing a serious chronic illness. That responsibility is typically associated with significant stress for the caregiver. We use stress theory to address the caregivers’ appraisal of events and coping responses. Three experienced health coaches were hired to provide 10 sessions of coaching over a 6-month period to each of the caregivers randomized to the intervention group. The emphasis of the iCare4Me coaching sessions is to address primary and secondary appraisal and coping as a means to improve self-care and thereby decrease stress.
A Qualitative Study of Characteristics of an Effective Health Coach: Personal, Professional, and Program Based
Authors: Clason Caitlin , Barg Frances , Riegel Barbara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Health coaching continues to grow in popularity as an effective intervention to empower and engage patients and their caregivers. However, little is known about what characteristics contribute to the success of health coaches in implementing evidence-based interventions. This study examines the characteristics that contribute to effective health coaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with health coaches and an interdisciplinary research team of an ongoing study examining a virtual health coaching intervention. Interviewees identified three discrete themes of characteristics that contribute to the success of health coaches: personal (e.g. compassion), professional (e.g. transferability of soft skills) and program based (e.g. training regimen). We conclude that it is not just innate personality attributes that make a health coach effective in their role, but training and program design intended to support health coaches are also important in implementing interventions.
At-Homeness Influences the Cognition of Multimorbid Older Adults: Longitudinal Path Analysis Through Loneliness
Authors: Gan Daniel R Y , Best John , Wister Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Approximately two-thirds of older adults’ experience multimorbidity in North America. Challenges of symptoms management and reduced mobility often coincide with late-life depression which is associated with a 2 to 5-fold increased dementia risk. Loneliness and depression are connected in the prodromal phases. We examine the effects of physical environment (e.g., housing and neighborhood factors) and social environment (e.g., social support) on loneliness, depression, and cognition using path analysis, controlling for baseline. Data(n=15,087) was drawn from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Measures of housing, neighborhood and life satisfaction were used to construct an index of “at-homeness” based on theory. We found good model fit (TLI=.989; CFI=.999; RMSEA=.026; SRMR=.006). At-homeness(B=-.20, p&lt;.001) rivaled the effect of social environment(B=-.19, p&lt;.001) on loneliness. Together, physical environment and loneliness had as much effect on cognition as depression. If causality is supported, modifying older adults’ satisfaction with their home environment may reduce loneliness and cognitive decline.