bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarithromycin hypersensitivity in children: Is there a link with β‐lactam hypersensitivity?
Authors: Suleyman Ayse , Yucel Esra , Sipahi Cimen Sevgi , Hizli Demirkale Zeynep , Ozdemir Cevdet , Tamay Zeynep Ulker , Guler Nermin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundClarithromycin hypersensitivity is reported as the most common cause of non‐β‐lactam antibiotic allergy in children. Clarithromycin is frequently prescribed in cases of suspected β‐lactam hypersensitivity. Oral provocation tests stand as the gold standard to confirm drug hypersensitivity as diagnostic value of skin tests is variable. We analyzed the frequency of true clarithromycin hypersensitivity ratio and its relationship with β‐lactam allergy among children with suspected clarithromycin hypersensitivity and evaluated the diagnostic value of skin tests.MethodsThe study included 160 children referred with suspected clarithromycin hypersensitivity. Clinical history and allergy workups including skin tests or/and oral provocation tests were retrieved from medical records.ResultsOral provocation test confirmed clarithromycin hypersensitivity rate was 5.6% (n = 9/160). Skin tests with clarithromycin showed positivity in 32.6% (n = 29/89) of the tested patients. The sensitivity of clarithromycin skin tests was negligible, and specificity was 73.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.7–81.8). Eighty‐eight of the patients (55%) reported that they had previously tolerated a β‐lactam antibiotic. β‐lactam hypersensitivity was suspected in 40% (n = 64/160) of the patients (simultaneous [n = 10], sequential [n = 19], distant form [n = 35]) in relation with clarithromycin usage. β‐lactam hypersensitivity (95% CI, 2.1–70.6,p = .005) and sequential usage of clarithromycin after the development of a rash with amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (95% CI, 2.0–96.4,p = .007) were found as risk factors for confirmed clarithromycin hypersensitivity.ConclusionThe frequency of confirmed clarithromycin hypersensitivity was found low among suspected patients. Oral provocation test is crucial for definite diagnosis. Confirmed β‐lactam allergy may be attributed as a risk factor for clarithromycin hypersensitivity, particularly clarithromycin treatment after a developing rash with amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid in sequential usage.
Identification and development of a KASP functional marker of TaTAP46‐5A associated with kernel weight in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Zhang Youfu , Li Tian , Geng Yuke , Wang Yamei , Liu Yunchuan , Li Huifang , Hao Chenyang , Wang Huajun , Shang Xunwu , Zhang Xueyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTAP46 (Type 2A‐phosphatase‐Associated Protein 46 kDa) is homologous to yeast TAP42 or the animal α4 gene and is a crucial gene in the target of rapamycin regulation of protein phosphatase 2A. It has been proven to influence the thousand‐kernel weight (TKW) and kernel size in transgenic wheat. To rapidly identify high‐yield wheat germplasms of TaTAP46, four interlinked single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by resequencing the TaTAP46‐5A gene in 32 varieties, forming two haplotypes: Hap1 and Hap2. A KASP marker, −1462A/C, was developed to identify Hap1/Hap2. A 157 Chinese wheat mini core collection and 348 Chinese modern collection were constructed for association analysis of the two haplotypes and their phenotypes. The results showed that the Hap1/Hap2 of TaTAP46‐5A was significantly associated with the TKW and kernel size. Hap1 was a favourable haplotype with higher TKW and larger kernel size compared to those of Hap2. Hap1 is a stable high yield type of the TaTAP46 gene that has been continuously selected in high‐yield wheat breeding worldwide. The germplasm of Hap1 can be selected quickly using the KASP primer −1462A/C, to improve breeding efficiency.
Synthesis and Photophysics of Water‐Soluble Psoralens with Red‐Shifted Absorption
Authors: Bertling Janina , Thom Kristoffer A. , Geenen Sarah , Jeuken Hannah , Presser Lysander , Müller Thomas J. J. , Gilch Peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
8‐Methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) serves as a PUVA (psoralen + UV‐A) agent in the treatment of certain skin diseases. Derivatives of 8‐MOP with cationic aromatic substituents at the five positions were synthesized and characterized by steady‐state, femtosecond and nanosecond spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. The aromatic substituents' positive charge increases the water solubility and the affinity toward intercalation into DNA. The aromatic substituents were supposed to lower the psoralen S1 energy and thereby suppress a photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) with guanine‐bearing DNA. Such a suppression of this PET is expected to increase the propensity of psoralens to photo‐addition to DNA. For derivatives bearing methylpyridinium residues, femtosecond spectroscopy revealed an intramolecular PET occurring on the picosecond time scale. This PET precludes the population of the triplet state. As triplet states are the precursor state for the photo‐addition to DNA, their intermolecular PET renders these derivatives ineffective in terms of PUVA. For two derivatives bearing trimethylphenylammonium moieties, such an intramolecular PET does not occur and the triplet state is populated. Surprisingly, these compounds also exhibit no PUVA activity. Based on these findings, implications for further optimization of PUVA agents are discussed.
Goal setting and attaining: Neural correlates of positive coping style and hope
Authors: Xiang Guangcan , Li Qingqing , Xiao Mingyue , He Li , Chen Ximei , Du Xiaoli , Liu Xinyuan , Song Shiqing , Wu Yue , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTrait hope focuses on individual goal‐related thoughts and is assumed to be a critical indicator for one's mental health. However, the neurobiological basis of hope and the neurological mechanisms underlying the relationship between positive coping style (PCS) and hope (including the two dimensions of pathway thinking and agency thinking) are still largely unknown. Thus, this study explored the neural basis of trait hope by correlating the regional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the self‐reported hope of 576 healthy first‐year college students underwent RS‐fMRI. Our results showed that trait hope was positively associated with PCS. A whole‐brain correlation analysis provided early evidence that higher levels of trait hope were associated with decreased ALFF in the left frontal pole cortex (FPC). Additionally, pathway thinking was associated with decreased ALFF in FPC, increased ALFF in the right postcentral gyrus (PCG), decreased RSFC of the left FPC and left posterior cingulate cortex, the left FPC and right middle temporal gyrus, and the right PCG and left cerebellum. Furthermore, mediation analyses demonstrated that the PCG–cerebellum connectivity might link to pathway thinking through PCS and PCS might relate to trait hope through PCG–cerebellum connectivity. Our findings contribute to the neurobiological basis of hope and the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between trait hope and coping style.
Long‐term impact of coal mine fire smoke on lung mechanics in exposed adults
Authors: Holt Nicolette R. , Gao Caroline X. , Borg Brigitte M. , Brown David , Broder Jonathan C. , Ikin Jillian , Makar Annie , McCrabb Thomas , Nilsen Kris , Thompson Bruce R. , Abramson Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveIn 2014, a 6‐week‐long fire at the Hazelwood coal mine exposed residents in the adjacent town of Morwell to high concentrations of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The long‐term health consequences are being evaluated as part of the Hazelwood Health Study.MethodsApproximately 3.5–4 years after the mine fire, adults from Morwell (n = 346) and the comparison town Sale (n = 173) participated in the longitudinal Respiratory Stream of the Study. Individual PM2.5 exposure was retrospectively modelled. Lung mechanics were assessed using the forced oscillation technique (FOT), utilizing pressure waves to measure respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs). Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate associations between PM2.5 and transformed Rrs at 5 Hz, area under the reactance curve (AX5) and Xrs at 5 Hz controlling for key confounders.ResultsThere were clear dose–response relationships between increasing mine fire PM2.5 and worsening lung mechanics, including a reduction in post‐bronchodilator (BD) Xrs5 and an increase in AX5. A 10 μg/m3 increase in mine fire‐related PM2.5 was associated with a 0.015 (95% CI: 0.004, 0.027) reduction in exponential (Xrs5) post‐BD, which was comparable to 4.7 years of ageing. Similarly, the effect of exposure was associated with a 0.072 (0.005, 0.138) increase in natural log (lnAX5) post‐BD, equivalent to 3.9 years of ageing.ConclusionThis is the first study using FOT in adults evaluating long‐term respiratory outcomes after medium‐term ambient PM2.5 exposure to coal mine fire smoke. These results should inform public health policies and planning for future events.
Interdisciplinary Theory, Methods, and Approaches for Hazards and Disaster Research: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Peek Lori , Guikema Seth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhat is interdisciplinary research? Why is it vital to the advancement of the field of hazards and disaster research? What theory, methods, and approaches are fundamental to interdisciplinary research projects and their applications? This article addresses these and other pressing questions by taking stock of recent advancements in interdisciplinary studies of hazards and disasters. It also introduces the special issue of Risk Analysis, which includes this introductory article and 25 original perspectives papers meant to highlight new trends and applications in the field. The papers were written following two National Science Foundation‐supported workshops that were organized in response to the growing interest in interdisciplinary hazards and disaster research, the increasing number of interdisciplinary funding opportunities and collaborations in the field, and the need for more rigorous guidance for interdisciplinary researchers and research teams. This introductory article and the special collection are organized around the cross‐cutting themes of theory, methods, approaches, interdisciplinary research projects, and applications to advance interdisciplinarity in hazards and disaster research.
Accounting for Missing Actors in Interaction Network Inference from Abundance Data
Authors: Momal Raphaëlle , Robin Stéphane , Ambroise Christophe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNetwork inference aims at unravelling the dependency structure relating jointly observed variables. Graphical models provide a general framework to distinguish between marginal and conditional dependency. Unobserved variables (missing actors) may induce apparent conditional dependencies. In the context of count data, we introduce a mixture of Poisson log-normal distributions with tree-shaped graphical models, to recover the dependency structure, including missing actors. We design a variational EM algorithm and assess its performance on synthetic data. We demonstrate the ability of our approach to recover environmental drivers on two ecological data sets. The corresponding R package is available from github.com/Rmomal/nestor.
Number of steps and systolic blood pressure: Do work and leisure matter?
Authors: Crowley Patrick , Gupta Nidhi , Vuillerme Nicolas , Madeleine Pascal , Holtermann Andreas 
Published: June 2021

The number of steps per day influences blood pressure and health. However, the association between steps at work and leisure and blood pressure is unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between the domain‐specific number of steps and systolic blood pressure. A thigh‐worn accelerometer was used to measure the steps of 694 workers over 1–5 consecutive days, separated into work and leisure domains using a self‐reported diary. We linearly regressed steps at work, leisure and total day against systolic blood pressure, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and antihypertensive medication. Additionally, we stratified the analyses on job type (blue‐collar or white‐collar). The results of this cross‐sectional analysis indicated a beneficial association between the number of steps (per 2000‐step interval) and systolic blood pressure for the total day (−0.5 mmHg; −1.0 to −0.8, 95% CI, p < 0.05) and work (−0.9 mmHg; −1.5 to −0.4, 95% CI, p < 0.05), but not for leisure (+0.1 mmHg; −0.7 to 0.9, 95% CI, p = 0.75). Blue‐collar workers took almost twice as many steps at work (9143 ± SD3837) as white‐collar workers (5863 ± SD3565) and, after stratification on job type, we observed a beneficial association between the number of steps at work and systolic blood pressure among blue‐collar workers (−1.1 mmHg; −1.7 to −0.4, 95% CI, p < 0.05), but not for white‐collar workers (−0.3 mmHg; −1.7 to 1.1, 95% CI, p = 0.7). These findings indicate that the number of steps at work, particularly among blue‐collar workers, is beneficially associated with systolic blood pressure. Such findings support the potential of work (re)design to promote walking to improve blood pressure.
Does more finance lead to longer crises?
Authors: Mathonnat Clément , Minea Alexandru , Voia Marcel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEmpirical studies emphasise that higher financial development (FD) amplifies the output cost of banking crises. However, no study has so far investigated the effect of FD on another key dimension of banking crises, namely their duration. Using a large sample of banking crises over the 1977–2014 period, we find that higher FD is associated with a significant increase in the duration of banking crises (DBC). This result is robust to a broad range of alternative specifications and is unaffected by unobserved heterogeneity or endogeneity. Finally, we show that the effect of FD on DBC is subject to nonlinearities and varies across decades and with the level of economic development.
A masked, randomised clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab compared to saline control in client‐owned dogs with allergic dermatitis
Authors: Van Brussel Leen , Moyaert Hilde , Escalada Monica , Mahabir Sean P. , Stegemann Michael R. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundInterleukin (IL)‐31 is an important mediator in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and also may be dysregulated in other allergic diseases.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo demonstrate the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab (canine anti‐IL‐31 monoclonal antibody) for treatment of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis in dogs.AnimalsDogs that were at least moderately pruritic with a presumptive diagnosis of allergic dermatitis were enrolled in Portugal, Hungary, France and Germany by 12 primary care practitioners and two veterinary dermatology referral specialists.Methods and materialsDogs were randomised to receive either placebo (saline) or lokivetmab (1.0–3.3 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection on Day (D)0. Owners evaluated pruritus using a validated Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) daily until D7 and then weekly until D28. The severity of dermatitis was assessed by the investigators using a modified VAS on D0, D7, D14 and D28.ResultsBeginning at D1, owner‐assessed pVAS least square means were significantly reduced in the treatment group versus the placebo group (57.7% versus 21.8% reduction on D28). For all time points, investigator‐assessed VAS means were significantly reduced in the lokivetmab group versus the placebo group (57.1% versus 20.5% reduction on D28). Overall, the occurrence of adverse health events during the evaluation period was comparable between the two groups.Conclusions and clinical importanceLokivetmab is a safe and efficacious treatment for dogs with allergic dermatitis.
The long‐term impact of ovariectomy on ventilation and expression of phrenic long‐term facilitation in female rats
Authors: Barok Rebecca , Grittner Jessica M. L. , Dougherty Brendan J. 
Published: June 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Would ovariectomy cause prolonged changes in ventilation and sustained loss of acute, intermittent hypoxia‐induced neuroplasticity or would these outcomes be restored with time?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Our main findings demonstrate that ovariectomy elicits minimal alteration in overall breathing function but impairs acute, intermittent hypoxia‐induced plasticity for ≤ 12 weeks.

AbstractSex hormones are necessary to enable respiratory neuroplasticity, including phrenic long‐term facilitation (pLTF), a form of respiratory motor plasticity elicited by acute, intermittent hypoxia (AIH). Female rats exhibit a progressive increase in phrenic nerve amplitude after AIH characteristic of pLTF only during pro‐oestrus, the stage of the oestrous cycle notable for elevated circulating oestradiol levels. Removal of the ovaries [ovariectomy (OVX)], the primary source of circulating oestradiol, also eliminates AIH‐induced pLTF after 1 week. Ovariectomy is used routinely as a model to examine the impact of sex hormones on CNS structure and function, but the long‐term impact of OVX is rarely examined. Extra‐ovarian sites of oestradiol synthesis, including multiple CNS sites, have been identified and might possess the capacity to restore oestradiol levels, in part, over time, impacting respiratory function and the expression of respiratory neuroplasticity. We examined both ventilation in awake, freely behaving female rats, using barometric plethysmography, and the expression of AIH‐induced pLTF in anaesthetized, ventilated female rats 2 and 12 weeks after OVX and compared them with age‐matched ovarian‐intact female rats. Our findings indicate that chronic OVX had little impact on baseline breathing or in the response to respiratory challenge (10% O2, 5% CO2, balance N2) during plethysmography. However, OVX rats at both 2 and 12 weeks demonstrated a persistent loss of AIH‐induced pLTF relative to control animals (P < 0.01), suggesting that other sources of oestradiol synthesis were insufficient to restore pLTF. These data are consistent with our previous work indicating that oestradiol plays a key role in expression of AIH‐induced respiratory neuroplasticity.
Multiaxial Fatigue of Aluminum Drill Pipes—Experiments and Numerical Analyses
Authors: Lourenço Marcelo Igor , Netto Theodoro Antoun , Silva Neilon de Souza da , Ribeiro Plácido João Carlos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article presents an experimental test program and numerical analyses conducted on aluminum alloy drill pipes with two different geometries. Small-scale characterization tests were conducted to determine both the material mechanical properties and the fatigue S–N curves. Full-scale fatigue tests of the components are also presented. A finite element model of the drill pipes, including the tool-joint region, was developed. The model simulates, through different load steps, the tool-joint hot-assembly and the experimental loads to obtain the actual stress distribution during the full-scale tests. Maximum stress amplitude in the aluminum pipes was found to be coincident with the edge of the connector, at the same location where failure was observed in full-scale tests. The study revealed that such pipes present a complex stress state near their connection to the steel tool-joints due to their geometry and the residual stresses induced during the assembly of the steel connectors onto the aluminum pipes. Finally, multi-axial fatigue models were calibrated with the results of the small-scale tests and applied to the stress–strain state obtained numerically. Theoretical predictions were correlated with full-scale fatigue test results.
Constraining effective equation of state in f(Q, T) gravity
Authors: Arora Simran , Parida Abhishek , Sahoo P. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew high-precision observations are now possible to constrain different gravity theories. To examine the accelerated expansion of the Universe, we used the newly proposed f(Q, T) gravity, where Q is the non-metricity, and T is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. The investigation is carried out using a parameterized effective equation of state with two parameters, m and n. We have also considered the linear form of $$f(Q,T)= Q+bT$$

f
(
Q
,
T
)
=
Q
+
b
T

, where b is constant. By constraining the model with the recently published 1048 Pantheon sample, we were able to find the best fitting values for the parameters b, m, and n. The model appears to be in good agreement with the observations. Finally, we analyzed the behavior of the deceleration parameter and equation of state parameter. The results support the feasibility of f(Q, T) as a promising theory of gravity, illuminating a new direction towards explaining the Universe dark sector.
Process Safety for Sustainable Applications
Authors: Stolar Alexander , Friedl Anton 
Published: June 2021

Process safety techniques have been used in industry for decades to make processes and systems safer and to optimize them, and thus to improve sustainability. Their main aim is to prevent damage to people, equipment and the environment.In this overview, process safety and risk management techniques are shown that can be applied in the different life cycle phases of an application without much implementation effort. A broad and universal applicability in a wide range of business sectors is set as the main focus.In addition to the application of system improvement techniques, a number of additional considerations, such as maintenance and the consideration of abnormal operating conditions, are included in order to be able to comprehensively improve a system or application.
Revisiting graphical rectangular b-metric spaces
Authors: Younis Mudasir , Singh Deepak , Shi Luoyi 
Published: June 2021

Very recently, the notion of graphical rectangular [Formula: see text]-metric spaces has been introduced, where the weight of the symmetric edges endowing the directed graph is defined in terms of the underlying metric. Due to its intimate relationship with the directed graphs, such spaces have a wide range of applications in science and engineering. In this paper, we rectify some errors that arose in the paper [Younis et al., A novel approach of graphical rectangular [Formula: see text]-metric spaces with an application to the vibrations of a vertical heavy hanging cable, J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 21(1) (2019) 33]. We show that the main result of the paper described above can be modified, and we present the same in this note.