bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a web tool to increase research literacy in underserved populations through public library partnerships
Authors: Simon Melissa A. , O’Brian Catherine A. , Tom Laura , Wafford Q. Eileen , Mack Shenita , Mendez Samuel R. , Nava Magdalena , Dahdouh Rabih , Paul-Brutus Rachelle , Carpenter Kathryn H. , Kern Barbara , Holmes Kristi L. 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Inadequate diversity in clinical trials is widely recognized as a significant contributing factor to health disparities experienced by racial/ethnic minorities and other diverse populations in the US. To address this in a scalable way, we sought to develop a web tool that could help enhance underserved minority participation in clinical research.

Methods
We used our research literacy support flashcard tool as the initial prototype for human-centered design and usability testing of the web tool Health for All in public library settings. After forming partnerships with leadership from Chicago Public Libraries (CPL), local medical libraries, and the Chicago Department of Public Health, we conducted seven iterative design sessions with focus groups of library patrons and library staff from six CPL branches serving underserved communities followed by two rounds of usability testing and website modification.

Results
Based on the qualitative research findings from Design Sessions 1–7, we enacted the design decision of a website that was a hybrid of fact-filled and vignette (personal stories) paper prototypes divided into 4 modules (trust, diversity, healthy volunteers, pros/cons), each with their own outcome metrics. The website was thus constructed, and navigation issues identified in two rounds of usability testing by library patrons were addressed through further website modification, followed by the launch of a beta version of a hybridized single-scrolling and guided module prototype to allow further development with website analytics.

Conclusions
We report the development of Health for All, a website designed to enhance racial/ethnic minority participation in clinical trials by imparting research literacy, mitigating distrust engendered by longstanding racism and discrimination, and providing connections to clinical trials recruiting participants.
Uptake of complete postnatal care services and its determinants among rural women in Southern Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study based on the current WHO recommendation
Authors: Habte Aklilu , Gebiremeskel Feleke , Shewangizaw Misgun , Dessu Samuel , Glagn Mustefa 
Published: February 2021

Background
Postnatal care services are a constellation of preventive care, practices, and assessments designed to identify and manage maternal and newborn complications during the first six weeks after birth. Recognizing the role of the appropriate PNC at this critical time, the World Health Organization recommended four visits as a complete PNC for all post-partum mothers and newborns to ensure their survival. Although there have been numerous studies on the factors affecting the general PNC service in Ethiopia, there is a shortage of evidence on the use of complete postnatal care services and its determinants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the uptake of full postnatal care service and its determinants among women who recently gave birth in the Ezha district of southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ezha district. A two-stage sampling technique was applied. A total of 568 mothers who stayed for at least 6 weeks after childbirth from selected Kebeles were included in the study using computer-generated random numbers. Data collected through pre-established, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires were entered into EpiData3.1 and exported to SPPS version 23 for analysis. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was carried out to assess the wealth status of participants. The Multivariable logistic regression model has been fitted to identify the determinants of complete post-natal care service uptake.

Results
The overall uptake of complete postnatal care services in the study area was 23.9% [95% CI: (19.9, 27.5)]. The factors namely; maternal education of secondary and above [AOR: 4.31, 95%CI: 2.15, 8.05], having four and more antenatal visits [AOR: 4.03, 95%CI: 1.83, 8.85], Caesarean delivery [AOR: 3.75, 95%CI: 1.78, 7.92], having good knowledge on PNC [AOR: 4.31, 95%CI: 2.34, 9.04], and being a model household [AOR: 3.61, 95%CI: 1.97, 6.64] were recognized as determinants complete postnatal care uptake.

Conclusion and recommendation
Complete post-natal care services uptake in the study area was low. Thus, a due emphasis should be given to behavioral change communication activities to improve maternal knowledge on PNC and enhancing adequate ANC uptake by health workers in the district. Besides, health extension workers in the district need to work on creating a model household through continuing education, support, and follow-up.
Covid-19 in outpatients—Is fever a useful indicator for SARS-CoV-2 infection?
Authors: Schneider Anne , Kirsten Holger , Lordick Franziska , Lordick Florian , Lübbert Christoph , von Braun Amrei 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveUnderstanding mild to moderate symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is important in order to identify active cases early and thus counteract transmission.MethodsIn March 2020, Leipzig University Hospital established an outpatient clinic for patients potentially infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Confirmed cases with mild to moderate symptoms self-isolated at home and were followed-up by daily telephone calls for at least 14 days. Symptoms and course of illness of these patients are reported here.ResultsFrom March 20 to April 17, 2020, 1460 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by naso- or oropharyngeal swab for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Covid-19 was confirmed in 91 (6.2%) patients, of which 87 were included in the final analysis. Patients presented for testing after a mean of 5.9 days (IQR = 2.0–8.5). The median age was 37.0 years (IQR = 28.5–53), and 48 (55.2%) were female. Five (5.7%) patients required hospital admission during the course of illness. Most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (n = 64, 74%), cough (n = 58, 67%), and hyposmia/hypogeusia (n = 44, 51%). In contrast to previous reports, fever occurred in less than a third of patients (n = 25, 29%). By day 14, more than half of the patients had recovered completely (n = 37/70, 52.9%).ConclusionsFever seems to be less common in patients of relatively young age diagnosed with mild to moderate Covid-19. This suggests that body temperature alone may be an insufficient indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Correlations between the Hardened Properties of Combination Type SCC Containing UFGGBFS
Authors: Chandru P. , Karthikeyan J. , Natarajan C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to develop models to correlate the different hardened properties of ultra-fine ground granulated blast-furnace slag (UFGGBFS) admixed SCC mixtures. Seven self-compacting concrete mixtures (SCC-A to SCC-G) were produced with a high powder content of 587 ± 2 kg/m3. The 450 kg/m3 (76 %) of powder was derived from the binders, and the remaining 137 ± 2 kg/m3 (24 %) was obtained from the powder particles (&lt;125 µm) existing in the crushed stone sand. UFGGBFS was utilized as a supplementary binder. Properties of these SCC mixtures were evaluated in fresh as well as in the hardened state. The homogeneity, surface hardness, chloride permeability, electrical resistivity, and absorption of hardened SCC were detected with ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), rebound hammer, rapid chloride permeability, Wenner’s four-probe electrical resistivity, and water absorption test methods, respectively. All the seven SCC mixtures demonstrated a nonsegregating flowability and excellent passability without stacking and blocking. At 28, the mix SCC-B recorded a maximum strength of 54 MPa and 4.41 MPa under cube compression and splitting tensile tests, respectively. Moreover, the mix SCC-G demonstrated a 30-MPa compressive strength with a significant cement range of 150 kg/m3. Correlations between the various properties of SCC was also arrived using the experimental results, and it was compared with the existing models.
Novel Influences of Sex andAPOEGenotype on Spinal Plasticity and Recovery of Function after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Strattan Lydia E. , Britsch Daimen R. S. , Calulot Chris M. , Maggard Rachel S. J. , Abner Erin L. , Johnson Lance A. , Alilain Warren J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injuries can abolish both motor and sensory function throughout the body. Spontaneous recovery after injury is limited and can vary substantially between individuals. Despite an abundance of therapeutic approaches that have shown promise in preclinical models, there is currently a lack of effective treatment strategies that have been translated to restore function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in the human population. We hypothesized that sex and genetic background of injured individuals could impact how they respond to treatment strategies, presenting a barrier to translating therapies that are not tailored to the individual. One gene of particular interest isAPOE, which has been extensively studied in the brain because of its allele-specific influences on synaptic plasticity, metabolism, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Despite its prominence as a therapeutic target in brain injury and disease, little is known about how it influences neural plasticity and repair processes in the spinal cord. Using humanized mice, we examined how the ε3 and ε4 alleles ofAPOEinfluence the efficacy of therapeutic intermittent hypoxia (IH) in inducing spinally-mediated plasticity after cervical SCI (cSCI). IH is sufficient to enhance plasticity and restore motor function after experimental SCI in genetically similar rodent populations, but its effect in human subjects is more variable (Golder and Mitchell, 2005; Hayes et al., 2014). Our results demonstrate that both sex andAPOEgenotype determine the extent of respiratory motor plasticity that is elicited by IH, highlighting the importance of considering these clinically relevant variables when translating therapeutic approaches for the SCI community.
Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles in the Dorsal Hippocampus and Prelimbic Cortex Are Transiently Regulated following Episodic Learning
Authors: Katzman Aaron , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Kapeller-Libermann Dana , Ye Xiaojing , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Heguy Adriana , Alberini Cristina M. 
Published: February 2021

A fundamental, evolutionarily conserved biological mechanism required for long-term memory formation is rapid induction of gene transcription upon learning in relevant brain areas. For episodic types of memories, two regions undergoing this transcription are the dorsal hippocampus (dHC) and prelimbic (PL) cortex. Whether and to what extent these regions regulate similar or distinct transcriptomic profiles upon learning remain to be understood. Here, we used RNA sequencing in the dHC and PL cortex of male rats to profile their transcriptomes in untrained conditions (baseline) and at 1 h and 6 d after inhibitory avoidance learning. We found that, of 33,713 transcripts, >14,000 were significantly expressed at baseline in both regions and ∼3000 were selectively enriched in each region. Gene Ontology biological pathway analyses indicated that commonly expressed pathways included synapse organization, regulation of membrane potential, and vesicle localization. The enriched pathways in the dHC were gliogenesis, axon development, and lipid modification, while in the PL cortex included vesicle localization and synaptic vesicle cycle. At 1 h after learning, 135 transcripts changed significantly in the dHC and 478 in the PL cortex; of these, only 34 were shared. Biological pathways most significantly regulated by learning in the dHC were protein dephosphorylation, glycogen and glucan metabolism, while in the PL cortex were axon development and axonogenesis. The transcriptome profiles returned to baseline by 6 d after training. Thus, a significant portion of dHC and PL cortex transcriptomic profiles is divergent, and their regulation upon learning is largely distinct and transient.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-term episodic memory formation requires gene transcription in several brain regions, including the hippocampus and PFC. The comprehensive profiles of the dynamic mRNA changes that occur in these regions following learning are not well understood. Here, we performed RNA sequencing in the dorsal hippocampus and prelimbic cortex, a PFC subregion, at baseline, 1 h, and 6 d after episodic learning in rats. We found that, at baseline, dorsal hippocampus and prelimbic cortex differentially express a significant portion of mRNAs. Moreover, learning produces a transient regulation of region-specific profiles of mRNA, indicating that unique biological programs in different brain regions underlie memory formation.
Exacerbation of Epilepsy by Astrocyte Alkalization and Gap Junction Uncoupling
Authors: Onodera Mariko , Meyer Jan , Furukawa Kota , Hiraoka Yuichi , Aida Tomomi , Tanaka Kohichi , Tanaka Kenji F. , Rose Christine R. , Matsui Ko 
Published: February 2021

Seizures invite seizures. At the initial stage of epilepsy, seizures intensify with each episode; however, the mechanisms underlying this exacerbation remain to be solved. Astrocytes have a strong control over neuronal excitability and the mode of information processing. This control is accomplished by adjusting the levels of various ions in the extracellular space. The network of astrocytes connected via gap junctions allows a wider or more confined distribution of these ions depending on the open probability of the gap junctions. K+clearance relies on the K+uptake by astrocytes and the subsequent diffusion of K+through the astrocyte network. When astrocytes become uncoupled, K+clearance becomes hindered. Accumulation of extracellular K+leads to hyperexcitability of neurons. Here, using acute hippocampal slices from mice, we uncovered that brief periods of epileptiform activity result in gap junction uncoupling. In slices that experienced short-term epileptiform activity, extracellular K+transients in response to glutamate became prolonged. Na+imaging with a fluorescent indicator indicated that intercellular diffusion of small cations in the astrocytic syncytium via gap junctions became rapidly restricted after epileptiform activity. Using a transgenic mouse with astrocyte-specific expression of a pH sensor (Lck-E2GFP), we confirmed that astrocytes react to epileptiform activity with intracellular alkalization. Application of Na+/HCO3–cotransporter blocker led to the suppression of intracellular alkalization of astrocytes and to the prevention of astrocyte uncoupling and hyperactivity intensification bothin vitroandin vivo. Therefore, the inhibition of astrocyte alkalization could become a promising therapeutic strategy for countering epilepsy development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying the plastic change of forebrain circuits associated with the intensification of epilepsy. Here, we demonstrate that first-time exposure to only brief periods of epileptiform activity results in acute disturbance of the intercellular astrocyte network formed by gap junctions in hippocampal tissue slices from mice. Moreover, rapid clearance of K+from the extracellular space was impaired. Epileptiform activity activated inward Na+/HCO3–cotransport in astrocytes by cell depolarization, resulting in their alkalization. Our data suggest that alkaline pH shifts in astrocytes lead to gap junction uncoupling, hampering K+clearance, and thereby to exacerbation of epilepsy. Pharmacological intervention could become a promising new strategy to dampen neuronal hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis.
Experimental evaluation of cortical screw placement in lag fashion into the distal phalanx in standing horses
Authors: Izing Simon , Béni Dániel , Molnár Szabina , Bakos Zoltán , Bodó Gábor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objectives of thisin vivoexperimental study were to evaluate the feasibility of cortical screw insertion into the intact distal phalanx in standing sedated horses and to document potential postoperative complications. One cortical screw was randomly inserted in lag fashion into each distal phalanx in 9 horses. The second surgery on the contralateral limbs was performed 2–3 weeks after the first operation, when a 4.5-mm cortical screw was inserted in lag fashion into the distal phalanx of sedated horses following perineural analgesia. Following surgery, the drill hole was filled with an antibiotic-soaked swab, which was changed every 48 h. The horses were euthanised 8 weeks after the second surgery. The hooves were disarticulated and evaluated macroscopically and by computed tomography. The surgery time was 13.9 ± 4.8 min (mean ± SD). Pain scores and lameness gradually decreased after 7 days. Solar canal penetration (SCP) was detected in 10 out of the 18 distal phalanges (55.5%). In 7 out of the 10 penetrations intraoperative bleeding was obvious. No postoperative infection was observed. Screw insertion into the distal phalanx was easily and quickly accomplished in standing horses, but its advantages in horses with sagittal fractures should be investigated further. SCP had no impact on postoperative lameness.
Evaluation of the effects of two anaesthetic protocols on oxidative status and DNA damage in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) undergoing endoscopic coeliotomy
Authors: Došenović Milan , Radaković Milena , Vučićević Miloš , Vejnović Branislav , Vasiljević Maja , Marinković Darko , Stanimirović Zoran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess how red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) respond to anaesthesia itself and coelioscopy. For that purpose, the turtles were anaesthetised with ketamine–medetomidine or propofol, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry. The possible genotoxic effects of the anaesthetic agents were estimated by comet assay. A total of 24 turtles were included in this study. The animals were divided into four groups according to the anaesthetic protocol and according to whether endoscopy would be performed. Significantly decreased activities of CAT were found only in the propofol group and in turtles undergoing coelioscopy. Both anaesthetic protocols induced significantly increased MDA levels, while no differences were observed after the intervention. A significant increase in GST activity was detected in turtles after both anaesthetic protocols, but after coelioscopy significant changes in GST activity were found only in the propofol group. However, no differences in SOD activity and no DNA damages were detected in either group. These findings suggest that ketamine–medetomidine may be more suitable anaesthetic agents in red-eared sliders than propofol.
Lithium chloride outperformed oxalic acid sublimation in a preliminary experiment for Varroa mite control in pre-wintering honey bee colonies
Authors: Kolics Éva , Specziár András , Taller János , Mátyás Kinga Klára , Kolics Balázs 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince lithium salts were demonstrated to be very effective for the potential control of Varroa destructor, a highly detrimental parasite of honey bee (Apis mellifera), no studies have been reported on their comparison with any commonly used varroicides in commercial bee colonies. In this study we compared the effectiveness of lithium chloride to that of oxalic acid, a widely used miticide. The results of the present study confirm that lithium has superior efficacy to oxalic acid sublimation both as a main or a supplementary pre-wintering treatment at moderate infestation levels, restricted to certain pre-wintering conditions. Considering its easy implementation in apicultural practice and its twofold mode of action, trickling would be the preferred way of administration after the use of lithium salts as varroicides is authorised.
Higher education internationalization and diplomacy: Successes mixed with challenges. A case study of Hungary's Stipendium Hungaricum scholarship program
Authors: Tong Linh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a case study of the Stipendium Hungaricum (SH) scholarship program and contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the characteristics, goals, and outcomes of government-sponsored scholarship programs, which typically feature big players like the US, the UK, Germany, France, and China. The central research question is: “What are the stated goals and expected benefits of the SH from the perspectives of key stakeholder groups?” The study focused on three key stakeholder groups, namely: 1) The Hungarian government and the Vietnamese government; 2) Hungarian higher education institutions (HEIs) hosting Vietnamese scholarship recipients; and 3) Vietnamese SH scholarship recipients. Findings from this study suggest that the SH program is driven by three motives: diplomacy, human capital investment, and internationalization. Although internationalization appears to be the dominant goal, elements of diplomacy and human capital investment are indispensable, especially within the context of bilateral cooperation between Hungary and Vietnam. This purposeful combination has both positive and negative impacts. There is evident frustration among the Hungarian HEIs about the inclusion of Hungarian-language degree programs, which seems inconsistent with their internationalization strategy. Furthermore, there is a question about transparency in recruitment of SH scholarship recipients. The SH is an interesting case study to examine the dynamics of internationalization in Hungarian higher education and the multiple roles of government scholarships sponsored by small/middle-sized countries.
Application of deep eutectic solvents combined with vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for five organophosphorus pesticides in juice and green tea beverage
Authors: Zhao Mingyu , Zhao Ercheng , Wu Junxue , Li Yuqi , Li Baotong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, a new microextraction method based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents was developed for the extraction and preconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides from beverage samples. The hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents were synthesized from choline chloride and 4-chlorophenol. Main experimental parameters of the microextraction method were investigated to improve the extraction efficiency. The proposed method achieved a satisfactory linear range between 50 and 2,000 μg L−1 with coefficient of determination greater than 0.9939. The extraction recoveries and enrichment factor of five organophosphorus pesticides at three added levels ranged from 71.68 to 113.18% and 71.43–111.11 were obtained with the acceptable relative standard deviation ranged from 1.37 to 11.92%. Limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.05–0.3 μg L−1 and 0.17–1 μg L−1, respectively. Finally, the methods were successfully applied for the determination of five organophosphorus pesticide in orange juice and green tea.