bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital surveillance: The interests in toothache‐related information after the outbreak of COVID‐19
Authors: Rizzato Veridiana Lopes , Lotto Matheus , Lourenço Neto Natalino , Oliveira Thais Marchini , Cruvinel Thiago 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this ecological study was to analyze the relationship of social restriction measures and people's interest in searching toothache‐related information on the Internet.Materials and MethodsThe following indicators Stringency Index (SI), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) for untreated caries in permanent teeth, Google market share, Internet penetration, and relative search volume (RSV) for the Topic "Toothache" in Google Trends were determined for 21 countries with available data, from April 2018 to May 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test, t‐Student test, Pearson's Chi‐square test, and Spearman and Pearson's cross‐correlation tests (α = 0.05).ResultsRelative search volume values increased significantly after restriction measures in all countries, except for Japan. Higher RSV values were found among 11 countries that presented a cross‐correlation between RSV and SI with r≥│0.6│. The most common queries were linked to the treatment and self‐resolution of toothache, with a sudden increase of searches that combined the symptom with COVID‐19.ConclusionsThe interests in toothache‐related digital information were associated with social restriction measures. These results allow the identification of dental demands of distinct populations, contributing to the planning of specific public health policies during and after the pandemic period.
Distribution of triggers foci and outcomes of catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation patients in different age groups
Authors: Lin Chung‐Hsing , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chung Fa‐Po , Chao Tze‐Fan , Lin Chin‐Yu , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Kuo Ling , Chang Ting‐Yung , Li Hsing‐Yuan , Huang Ting‐Chung , Chuang Chieh‐Mao , Vicera Jennifer Jeanne , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence increases with age. Aging affects the substrate properties of the left atrium (LA) and the outcomes of catheter ablation for treating AF. We investigated the AF trigger distribution and catheter ablation outcomes in patients of different ages with AF.Methods1585 patients with AF (1181 paroxysmal and 404 non‐ paroxysmal AF) who had undergone catheter ablation were enrolled. The patients were divided into young (20–40 year‐old, n = 175), middle‐aged (41–64 year‐old, n = 1134), and old (≥ 65 year‐old, n = 276) groups. Electrophysiological characteristics and AF trigger sites were recorded.ResultThe incidence of AF with only non‐pulmonary vein (non‐PV) foci was higher in the young group than in the other groups (8.6% vs. 3.6% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.01). Non‐PV foci were more commonly located in the superior vena cava (SVC) in the young group than in the other groups (13.1% vs. 7.8% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.03). The left atrium (LA) mean voltage was higher and the incidence of very late recurrence after AF ablation was lower in the young group than in the other groups. However, the final AF recurrence rate after multiple procedures and complication rates were similar among all the groups at a mean follow‐up of 5.6 years.ConclusionThe young patients with AF had a higher incidence of only non‐PV foci, mostly located in SVC, than the middle‐aged and old patients. Our study highlights the importance of identifying the non‐PV foci in catheter ablation of young patients with AF.
Herbivore‐induced volatiles influence moth preference by increasing the β‐Ocimene emission of neighbouring tea plants
Authors: Jing Tingting , Qian Xiaona , Du Wenkai , Gao Ting , Li Dongfeng , Guo Danyang , He Fan , Yu Guomeng , Li Shupeng , Schwab Wilfried , Wan Xiaochun , Sun Xiaoling , Song Chuankui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerbivore‐induced plant volatiles prime neighbouring plants to respond more strongly to subsequent attacks. However, the key volatiles that trigger this state and their priming mechanisms remain largely unknown. The tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua is one of the most devastating leaf‐feeding pests of tea plants. Here, plant–plant communication experiments demonstrated that volatiles emitted from tea plants infested by E. obliqua larvae triggered neighbouring plants to release volatiles that repel E. obliqua adult, especially mated females. Volatile analyses revealed that the quantity of eight volatiles increased dramatically when plants were exposed to volatiles emitted by infested tea plants, including (Z)‐3‐hexenol, linalool, α‐farnesene, β‐Ocimene and (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT). The results of behavioural bioassays demonstrated that β‐Ocimene strongly repelled mated E. obliqua females. Individual volatile compound exposure experiments revealed that (Z)‐3‐hexenol, linalool, α‐farnesene and DMNT triggered the emission of β‐Ocimene from tea plants. Chemical inhibition experiments demonstrated that the emission of β‐Ocimene induced by (Z)‐3‐hexenol, linalool, α‐farnesene and DMNT were dependent on Ca2+ and JA signalling. These findings help us to understand how E. obliqua moths respond to volatiles emitted from tea plants and provide new insight into volatile‐mediated plant–plant interactions. They have potential significance for the development of novel insect and pest control strategies in crops.
Effect of retinol as antioxidant on the post‐thaw viability and the expression of apoptosis and developmental competence‐related genes of vitrified preantral follicles in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Gupta PSP , Johnson P , Kaushik K , Krishna K , Nandi S , Mondal S , Nikhil Kumar Tej J , Somoskoi B , Cseh S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effect of supplementation of retinol in the vitrification solution on the viability, apoptosis and development‐related gene expression in vitrified buffalo preantral follicles. Preantral follicles isolated from cortical slices of ovaries were randomly assigned into three groups: Group1—Control fresh preantral follicles; Group 2—Vitrification treatment (Vitrification solution 1 (VS1) –TCM‐199 + 25 mM HEPES + Foetal bovine serum (FBS) 10%, Ethylene glycol (EG): 10%, Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO): 10%, Sucrose‐0.3 M for 4 min; VS2‐ TCM‐199 + 25 mM HEPES + FBS10%, EG:25%, DMSO: 25%, Sucrose:0.3 M for 45 s); Group3—vitrification treatment +5 μM of Retinol. Preantral follicles were placed in corresponding vitrification medium and plunged into liquid nitrogen (−196°C). After a week, the follicles were thawed and analysed for follicular viability and gene expression. There was no significant difference in the viability rates among the Group 1(Fresh preantral follicles) (91.46 ± 2.39%), Group 2 (89.59 ± 2.46%) and Group 3 (87.19 ± 4.05%). There was a significantly (p < .05) higher mRNA expression of BCL2L1, GDF‐9 and BMP‐15 in the vitrification + retinol group compared with the control group. There was a significantly (p < .05) higher expression of Caspase‐3 and Annexin‐5 in the vitrification group and Vitrification + retinol group compared with control group of follicles. It is concluded that the supplementation of 5 μM of Retinol in Vitrification solution was an efficient vitrification procedure for the vitrification of buffalo preantral follicles.
Suspected hemolytic anemia secondary to acute zinc toxicity after ingestion of “max strength” (zinc oxide) diaper rash cream
Authors: Ambar Neta , Tovar Tricia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation of a dog with hemolytic anemia secondary to zinc toxicosis after 1‐week use of “max strength” 40% diaper rash cream.Case SummaryA 2‐year‐old female neutered Maltese presented for vomiting, lethargy, pigmenturia, and pale mucous membranes. “Max Strength” zinc oxide cream had been applied to the patient daily for a week prior to presentation. Clinical examination revealed light pink to pale mucous membranes and tachycardia. Hematology demonstrated large numbers of spherocytes and a strongly regenerative anemia. Plasma zinc concentrations were markedly increased. A diagnosis of hemolytic anemia secondary to subacute zinc toxicosis was made and supportive therapy was instigated. The patient ultimately recovered uneventfully. Acute or subacute zinc toxicosis resulting in hemolytic anemia is not frequently observed, and this case was also unusual in that the zinc source was diaper cream, which historically has been thought to require very large quantities to cause toxicosis.New or Unique Information ProvidedTo the authors’ knowledge, there is only one previously reported case of hemolytic anemia secondary to diaper cream use in a hospital setting but no previous reports involving toxicosis secondary to prolonged application at home by owners. Most commercial diaper creams contain zinc oxide, which historically was thought to have poor gastrointestinal absorption and would require a large quantity to cause significant toxicosis and hemolytic anemia. Moreover, this case emphasizes the potential risks associated with zinc oxide cream use, the significance of client education if using these creams, as well as the importance of history in elucidating the underlying cause of hemolytic anemia.
Machine learning model development for quantitative analysis of CT heterogeneity in canine hepatic masses may predict histologic malignancy
Authors: Shaker Rami , Wilke Christopher , Ober Christopher , Lawrence Jessica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTumor heterogeneity is a well‐established marker of biologically aggressive neoplastic processes and is associated with local recurrence and distant metastasis. Quantitative analysis of CT textural features is an indirect measure of tumor heterogeneity and therefore may help predict malignant disease. The purpose of this retrospective, secondary analysis study was to quantitatively evaluate CT heterogeneity in dogs with histologically confirmed liver masses to build a predictive model for malignancy. Forty dogs with liver tumors and corresponding histopathologic evaluation from a previous prospective study were included. Triphasic image acquisition was standardized across dogs and whole liver and liver mass were contoured on each precontrast and delayed postcontrast dataset. First‐order and second‐order indices were extracted from contoured regions. Univariate analysis identified potentially significant indices that were subsequently used for top‐down model construction. Multiple quadratic discriminatory models were constructed and tested, including individual models using both postcontrast and precontrast whole liver or liver mass volumes. The best performing model utilized the CT features voxel volume and uniformity from postcontrast mass contours; this model had an accuracy of 0.90, sensitivity of 0.67, specificity of 1.0, positive predictive value of 1.0, negative predictive value of 0.88, and precision of 1.0. Heterogeneity indices extracted from delayed postcontrast CT hepatic mass contours were more informative about tumor type compared to indices from whole liver contours, or from precontrast hepatic mass and whole liver contours. Results demonstrate that CT radiomic feature analysis may hold clinical utility as a noninvasive method of predicting hepatic malignancy and may influence diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.
Flamelet Versus Detailed Chemistry Large Eddy Simulation for a Liquid-Fueled Gas Turbine Combustor: A Comparison of Accuracy and Computational Cost
Authors: Karalus Megan , Thakre Piyush , Goldin Graham , Brandt Dustin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A Honeywell liquid-fueled gas turbine test combustor at idle conditions is numerically investigated in simcenterstar-ccm+ version 2020.3. This work presents large eddy simulation (LES) results using both the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) and detailed chemistry combustion models. Both take advantage of a hybrid chemical (HyChem) mechanism which has previously demonstrated very good accuracy for real fuels such as Jet-A with only 47 species. The objective of this work is to investigate the ability of FGM and detailed chemistry modeling to capture pollutant formation in an aero-engine combustor. Comparisons for NOx, CO, unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), and soot are made, along with the radial temperature profile. To fully capture potential emissions, a soot moment model and Zeldovich NOx model are employed along with radiation. A comparison of results with and without chemistry acceleration techniques for detailed chemistry is included. Then, computational costs are assessed by comparing the performance and scalability of the simulations with each of the combustion models. It is found that the detailed chemistry case with clustering can reproduce nearly identical results to detailed chemistry without any acceleration if CO is added as a clustering variable. With the Lagrangian model settings chosen for this study, the detailed chemistry results compared more favorably with the experimental data than FGM; however, there is uncertainty in the secondary breakup parameters. Sensitivity of the results to a key parameter in the spray breakup model is provided for both FGM and complex chemistry (CC). By varying this breakup rate, the FGM case can predict CO, NOx, and UHC equally well. The smoke number, however, is predicted most accurately by CC. The cost for running detailed chemistry with clustering is found to be about four times that of FGM for this combustor and chemical mechanism.
Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology Side-by-Side Hybrid Concept Vehicle Powertrain Dynamic Model
Authors: Bianco Santino J. , Chevalier Christine T. , Litt Jonathan S. , Smith Joshua K. , Chapman Jeffryes W. , Kratz Jonathan L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The side-by-side (SBS) hybrid is one of several Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT) concept aircraft identified by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to investigate Urban Air Mobility (UAM) requirements. This paper presents a dynamic model of the SBS hybrid powertrain built using the toolboxforthemodelingandanalysisofthermodynamicsystems (t-mats) and the electricalmodelingandthermalanalysistoolbox (emtat). The model consists of the rotors, electrical power system, and turboshaft engines connected through freewheeling clutches, gearboxes, and multiple shafts. This research effort models the complex behavior of the powertrain, including the operation of the freewheeling clutches and electrical power system at the simulation time scale of the shaft dynamics. Several simulations highlight the key features present in the model and demonstrate its operation.
An Extrema Approach to Probabilistic Creep Modeling in Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Hossain Md Abir , Cottingham Jacqueline R. , Stewart Calvin M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a computationally efficient extrema approach for the probabilistic predictions of creep in finite element analysis (FEA). Component-level probabilistic simulations are needed to assess the reliability and safety of high-temperature components. Full-scale probabilistic creep models in FEA are computationally expensive, requiring many hundreds of simulations to replicate the uncertainty of component failure. Extrema are conditions at which the values of a function are the largest or the smallest. In this study, an extrema approach is proposed. In the extrema approach, full-scale probabilistic simulations are completed in one-dimensional across a wide range of stresses, the results are processed, and extrema conditions are extracted. The extrema conditions alone are applied in two-/three-dimensional FEA to predict the mean and range of creep failure. The probabilistic Sinh model, calibrated for alloy 304 stainless steel, is selected. The sources of uncertainty (i.e., test condition, pre-existing damage, and model constants) are evaluated and probability distribution functions sampling are performed via Monte Carlo method. The extrema conditions considered include the range of creep ductility, rupture, and area under creep curves. The predicted creep response for one- and two-dimensional model shows agreement with the experimental data. It is determined that extrema approach will significantly reduce the computational cost of probabilistic creep predictions in FEA.
Turbine Inlet Temperature Measurements in an 8200 KW Gas Turbine Using Water Vapor Emission
Authors: Tree Dale R. , Badger Dustin , Zeltner Darrel , Rezasoltani Mohsen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The measurement of turbine inlet temperature is challenging because of high temperatures and complicated physical access, but continuous measurement of the turbine inlet temperature is very important for maximizing turbine efficiency and increasing durability. This paper provides in situ turbine rotor inlet temperature measurements in an 8200 kW operating gas turbine engine. The measurements were obtained using integrated spectral infrared emission from the water vapor of the combustion gases entering the turbine rotor. The method utilizes a sapphire optical fiber to convey the signal from the turbine wall to outside the turbine casing. All components are capable of long-term exposure to the turbine operating conditions. The temperature measurements were obtained at 6 operating conditions between 50% and full load. The turbine rotor inlet temperature temperature was also determined using more than 20 test cell inputs and Solar Turbine's commercial test cell engine model. The two temperatures (measured and modeled) were within 11 K (less than 1%) across the load sweep. Uncertainty calculations suggest that the uncertainty of the measurement can be expected to be ±2.9% within a confidence interval of 95%. The method also yields the nozzle guide vane surface temperature, which was found to increase monotonically with increasing load.
Characterization of a Newly Designed Test Bench for Investigations of Flame–Wall Interaction
Authors: Dalshad Rahand , Sander Tobias , Pfitzner Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For the thermal design of combustion chambers and turbine blades in jet engines, a detailed knowledge of the combustion and of the heat loads to the walls is necessary. In general, high operating temperatures and reduced combustor size are striven for in order to increase engine efficiency and reduce weight. Consequently, the components are exposed to temperatures above the melting point of the materials and there is a growing risk of incomplete combustion within the combustion chambers. To study these effects, we setup a new test bench for fundamental investigation of chemical near-wall reactions at atmospheric pressure. First results of gaseous, nonpremixed near-wall CH4/air and H2/air flames are presented. Optical methods such as two-line laser-induced fluorescence thermometry and OH* chemiluminescence were applied. Further, the heat release to the wall was determined by means of inverse heat conduction calculation using the data of implemented thermocouples.
Measurements to Quantify the Effect of a Reduced Flow Rate on the Performance of a Tilting Pad Journal Bearing With Flooded Ends
Authors: San Andrés Luis , Toner Jonathan , Alcantar Andy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Operation of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) with a reduced flow decreases pumping costs and oil sump storage. A low supplied oil flow improves system energy efficiency by reducing drag power losses, albeit the temperature rise in both the bearing pads and the lubricating oil become a concern. This paper presents measurements of the static and dynamic load performance of a flooded ends TPJB lubricated with an ISO VG 46 oil supplied at 60 °C, and with a flow rate ranging from 150% to just ∼5% of a nominal supply condition. The flow range covers both over-flooded and starved flow conditions. The test bearing is a four-pad, 102 mm diameter, center pivot, with single orifice feeds, and configured with end seals to flood the bearing housing. The experiments include operation at two shaft speeds = 6 krpm and 12 krpm (= 64 m/s surface speed) and under three specific loads = 0.345 MPa, 1.03 MPa, and 2.07 MPa applied in between pads (LBP). The measurements show the bearing drag power loss decreases by nearly 20% when the flow rate drops to 50% of nominal. However, halving the flow produces a raise in pad subsurface temperatures, ∼7 °C for operation at 12 krpm. Flow reduction below 50% does result in even more substantial power savings; however, it also produces too hot pad temperatures that approach 130 °C, a known limit for Babbitt material safe operation. The bearing static eccentricity (e) and direct stiffnesses Kxx &lt; Kyy (load direction) do not show a significant dependency on the supplied flow, either above or below the nominal condition. A minor stiffness hardening does occur for very low flow conditions, 5% or so of nominal. Damping coefficients (Cxx ∼ Cyy) decrease by ∼30% as the flow rate decreases from 150% to just a few % of the nominal flow. The experimental results are first to quantify the operation of a TPJB supplied with minute amounts of lubricant flow. A test with a very low flow rate at ∼2% of nominal and under a light load produced the emergence of a broadband subsynchronous vibration (SSV) frequency, albeit with a very small amplitude.
We Love You, We Hate You: Fan Twitter Response to Top College Football Recruits’ Decisions
Authors: Stamm Jason , Boatwright Brandon 
Published: August 2021

Using a theoretical underpinning of parasocial interaction—BIRGing (basking in reflected glory) and CORFing (cutting off reflected failure)—this study explored fan reactions to high school athletes’ commitments to play football for National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I programs. A thematic analysis of tweets made by fans during the 2020 recruiting period was examined in two stages: (a) tweets directed toward recruits before they committed to a program and (b) tweets directed toward recruits after they committed. Findings show fan frivolity in regard to identification, as well as a desire to become part of the recruiting process of high school football players. In addition, results yield the possibility of a shift in athlete motivations for social media use, fan association with athletics programs, and how fans cope with unexpected loss. Theoretical and practical implications are further discussed.