bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histochemical Structure and Tensile Properties of Birch Cork Cell Walls
Authors: Kiyoto Shingo , Sugiyama Junji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tensile tests of birch cork were performed in the tangential direction. Birch cork in the wet state showed significantly higher extensibility and toughness than those in the oven-dried state. The histochemical structure of birch cork was investigated by microscopic observation and spectroscopic analysis. Birch cork cell walls showed a three-layered structure. In transmission electron micrographs, osmium tetroxide stained the outer and inner layers, whereas potassium permanganate stained the middle and inner layers. After chemical treatment to remove suberin and lignin, the outer and inner layers disappeared and Fourier-transformed infrared spectra showed the cellulose I pattern. Polarizing light micrographs indicated that molecular chains in the outer and inner layers were oriented perpendicular to suberin lamination, whereas those in the inner layer showed longitudinal orientation. These results suggested that the outer and inner layers mainly consist of suberin, whereas the middle layer and compound middle lamella consist of lignin, cellulose, and other polysaccharides. We hypothesized a hierarchical model of the birch cork cell wall. The lignified cell wall with helical arrangement of cellulose microfibrils is sandwiched between two suberized walls. Cellulose microfibrils in the middle layer act like a spring and bear tensile loads. In the wet state, water and cellulose in the compound middle lamella transfer tensile stress between cells. In the dried state, this stress-transferal system functions poorly and fewer cells bear stress. Suberin in the outer and inner layers prevents absolute drying to maintain mechanical properties of the bark and to bear tensile stress caused by trunk diameter growth.
Common Host Factors Involved in the Function of the Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus and Classical Swine Fever Virus Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites
Authors: Ide Yutaro , Ito Nobumasa , Matsui Takafumi , Tsukiyama-Kohara Kyoko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) both possess positive strand RNA genomes and an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) element within their 5¢-untranslated regions. To identify common host factors involved with the activity of these IRESes, we utilized cell lines expressing a bicistronic luciferase reporter plasmid, which contained an FMDV-IRES or CSFV-IRES element between the Renilla and firefly luciferase genes. First, we treated FMDV-IRES cells with French maritime pine extract, Pycnogenol® (PYC), and evaluated its suppressive effect on FMDV-IRES activity, as anti-viral effect of PYC was reported so far. We next performed microarray analysis to identify host factors affected by PYC, and confirmed host-factor-IRES interaction by applying host factor-specific siRNAs. We found that polycystic kidney disease 1-like 3 (PKD1L3) and ubiquitin specific peptidase 31 (USP31) are involved in FMDV-IRES activity. Moreover, silencing of these factors also significantly suppressed CSFV-IRES activity. Accordingly, we suggest that PKD1L3 and USP31 are host factors that are involved in the function of the FMDV and CSFV-IRES elements.
Optimization of Si (core)/CZTS/ CZTSe (shell) nanowire array for solar cell
Authors: melliti adnen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present an optical simulation of a solar cell employing core (Si) /shell (CZTS or/and CZTSe) vertically-aligned nanowire array. The method of the simulation is rigorous coupled wave analysis. In the first stage, we studied the case where the shell is composed of only CZTS or CZTSe. A larger absorption of CZTSe led to a larger value of the ideal short circuit current (41 mA/cm2) in the case of CZTSe solar cell than in the case of CZTS solar cell (24 mA/cm2). In the second stage, to avoid the heat losses in CZTSe solar cell without reducing the current, we proposed a shell composed of a 3µm of CZTS in the upper part and a 6µm of CZTSe in the lower part. The maximum ideal current value in this structure is almost twice as large as that of a planar solar cell with the same amounts of used materials.
No Evidence for an Association Between Variability in Sulcal Pattern and Academic Achievement
Authors: Roell Margot , Bellon E. , Polspoel B. , Declercq M. , De Smedt B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Investigating how the brain may constrain academic achievement is not only relevant to understanding brain structure but also to providing insight into the origins of individual differences in these academic abilities. In this pre-registered study, we investigated whether the variability of sulcal patterns, a qualitative feature of the brain determined in-utero and not affected by brain maturation and learning, accounted for individual differences in reading and mathematics. Participants were 97 typically developing 10-year-olds. We examined (a) the association between the sulcal pattern of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and mathematical ability; (b) the association between the sulcal pattern of the occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) and reading ability; and (c) the overlap and specificity of sulcal morphology of IPS and OTS and their associations with mathematics and reading. Despite its large sample, the present study was unable to replicate a previously observed relationship between the IPS sulcal pattern and mathematical ability and a previously observed association between the Left posterior OTS sulcal pattern and reading. We found no evidence for a possible overlap or specificity in the effect of sulcal morphology on mathematics and reading. Possible explanations for this absence of an association between sulcal morphology and academic achievement and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Tool Condition Monitoring in Milling Process Based on Multi-Dource Pattern Recognition Model
Authors: Liang Kui , Dai Wei , Huang Tingting , Lu Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the milling process of metallic parts, appropriate tool condition is essential to reducing processing faults and ensuring manufacturing quality. However, the existing condition monitoring methods are usually limited by recognizing intermediate abnormal states in milling processing, which is inefficient and impractical for real practical applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a Tool condition monitoring (TCM) method in milling process based on multi-source pattern recognition and state transfer path. Firstly, improved K-Means clustering method is used to generate multiple patterns of tool wear. Secondly, a multi-source pattern recognition model framework is developed, and the multiple observation windows and the pattern transfer path are considered in multi-source pattern recognition model. Lastly, PHM2010 datasets are used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, and the results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method in practice for tool condition monitoring.
AZD2014, A Dual mTOR&nbsp;Inhibitor, Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Cha Byung-Hyun , Jung Minjin , Kim Angela S. , Lepak Victoria C. , Colson Brett A. , Bull David A. , Won Youngwook 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common genetic heart disorders and considered a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a key regulatory function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology in hypertrophy. AZD2014 is a small-molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitor working on both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. Little is known about the therapeutic effects of AZD2014 in cardiac hypertrophy and its underlying mechanism. Here, AZD2014 is examined in in vitro model of phenylephrine (PE)-induced human cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and a myosin-binding protein-C (Mybpc3)-targeted knockout (KO) mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. Our results demonstrate that cardiomyocytes treated with AZD2014 retain the normal phenotype and AZD2014 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in the Mybpc3-KO mouse model through inhibition of dual mTORC1 and mTORC2, which in turn results in the down-regulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Vitamin D Status in Full-term Exclusively Breastfed Infants versus Full-term Breastfed Infants Receiving Vitamin D Supplementation in Thailand: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ruangkit Chayatat , Suwannachat Sukrit , Wantanakorn Pornchanok , Sethaphanich Napapailin , Assawawiroonhakarn Surapat , Dumrongwongsiri Oraporn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Many international medical organizations recommend vitamin D supplementation for infants, especially exclusively breastfed infants. In Thailand, however, data regarding the vitamin D status in Thai infants are lacking. Such data would help to support physician decisions and guide medical practice. Methods: Full-term, exclusively breastfed infants were randomized into two groups at 2 months of age to continue exclusive breastfeeding either without vitamin D supplementation (control group, n = 44) or with vitamin D3 supplementation at 400 IU/day (intervention group, n = 43) until 6 months of age. At 6 months, the serum vitamin D (25OHD) of the infants and their mothers, serum bone marker, and infants' growth parameters were compared between the two groups. Results: The infants' serum 25OHD concentration was lower in the control group than intervention group (20.57 ± 12.66 vs. 46.01 ± 16.42 ng/mL, p < 0.01). More infants had vitamin D sufficiency (25OHD of >20 ng/mL) in the intervention group than control group (93.0% vs. 43.2%, p < 0.01). Vitamin D supplementation in breastfed infants increased the mean serum 25OHD concentration by 25.66 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, 19.07–32.25; p < 0.001) and contributed to an 88.7% decrease in the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (relative risk, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.35; p < 0.01).Conclusions: Most full-term, exclusively breastfed Thai infants have serum vitamin D concentration below sufficiency level at 6 months of age. However, vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) improves their vitamin D status and prevents vitamin D deficiency.Trial registration: The study was pre-registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20190622001) on 22/06/2019.
Clinical-grade hDPSCs&nbsp;Suppressed the Activation of Osteoarthritic Macrophages and Attenuated Cartilaginous Damage in a Rabbit OA&nbsp;Model
Authors: Li Pei-Lin , Wang Yu-Xing , Zhao Zhi-Dong , Li Zhi-Ling , Liang Jia-Wu , Wang Qian , Yin Bo-Feng , Hao Rui-Cong , Han Meng-Yue , Ding Li , Wu Chu-Tse , Zhu Heng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Although increasing evidence has demonstrated that human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are efficacious for the clinical treatment of skeletal disorders, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative disorders in joints and is characterized by gradual and irreversible cartilaginous tissue damage. Notably, immune factors were newly identified to be closely related to OA development. In this study, we explored the modulatory effects of clinical-grade hDPSCs on osteoarthritic macrophages and their protective effects on cartilaginous tissues in OA joints.Methods: The cell morphology, immunophenotype and inflammatory factor expression of osteoarthritic macrophages were explored. Additionally, the factors and signaling pathways that suppressed macrophage activation by hDPSCs were determined. Furthermore, hDPSCs were administered to a rabbit knee OA model via intra-articular injection. Macrophage activation in vivo and cartilaginous tissue damage were also evaluated. Statistical significance was analyzed using Student's t test. The one-way ANOVA was used in multiple group data analysis.Results: We found that hDPSCs markedly inhibited osteoarthritic macrophage activation in vitro. The cell morphology, immunophenotype and inflammatory factor expression of osteoarthritic macrophages changed into less inflammatory status. in the presence of hDPSCs. Mechanistically, we observed that hDPSC-derived HGF and TGFβ1 mediated the suppressive effects on osteoarthritic macrophages. Moreover, phosphorylation of MAPK pathway proteins contributed to osteoarthritic macrophage activation, and hDPSCs suppressed their activation by partially inactivating those pathways. Most importantly, injected hDPSCs inhibited macrophage activation in osteochondral tissues in a rabbit knee OA model in vivo. Further histological analysis showed that hDPSCs alleviated cartilaginous damage to knee joints.Conclusions: In summary, our findings reveal a novel function for hDPSCs in suppressing osteoarthritic macrophages and suggest that macrophages are efficient cellular targets of hDPSCs for alleviation of cartilaginous damage in OA.
Improved Promotion of M2 Microglial Polarization by Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formulation in Diabetes-Related Depression
Authors: zhang xiuli , Wu Dahua , Li Dandan , Liu Jian , Lei Chang , Li Yuehui , Liu Lin , Huang Dan , Ge Jinwen , Wang Yuhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu formulation (ZGJTJY) is a Chinese polyherbal prescription for diabetes-related depression (DD). The mechanism underlying hippocampal M1/M2 polarization in DD and the ZGJTJY treatment effects remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate M1/M2 microglial polarization in the hippocampus of DD rats and HAPI (highly aggressively proliferating immortalized) cells simulating the DD state, as well as to examine the ZGJTJY intervention effects, both in vivo and in vitro. Methods We subjected Sprague Dawley rats to a high-fat diet, streptozotocin, and unpredictable chronic mild stress; subsequently, we orally administered ZGJTJY. HAPI cells were induced using high glucose and corticosterone; subsequently, ZGJTJY-containing serum was added to examine changes in M1/M2 microglial polarization. Moreover, metformin combined with fluoxetine (DMGB/F) was used as a positive drug for evaluating the ZGJTJY intervention. Laser confocal scanning was used to examine the microglial morphology. Further, real-time PCR was used to determine M1 markers (MHCII, iNOS, MCP-1, CD11b), M2 markers (Arg1, Mrc1, Ym1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). Additionally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine inflammatory cytokines. Results There was significant activation of M1 polarization in the hippocampus of DD rats and HAPI cells induced using high glucose and corticosterone. Compared with DMGB/F, ZGJTJY inhibited and promoted M1 and M2 polarization, respectively; moreover, it decreased the M1-to-M2 polarization ratio both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions The study indicated that hippocampal M1 polarization is crucially involved in DD pathogenesis; moreover, there is a need for further research on the neuroprotective effect of Chinese medicine associated with M2-polarized microglia.
Superiority of Adipose-derived CD34+ Cells over Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Promoting Ischamic Tissue Survival
Authors: Liu Yan-Jun , Zhang Tian-Yu , Tan Poh-Ching , Xie Yun , Zhang Pei-Qi , Gao Yi-Ming , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Zhou Shuang-Bai , Li Qing-Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Tissue ischemia usually leads to necrosis and is a threatening condition associated with reconstructive surgery. Promoting the survival of ischemic tissue is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Although various solutions based on stem cells have been reported, there are still limitations to clinical translation. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method to promote the survival of ischemic tissue. Methods: Adipose-derived CD34+ and CD34- cells were obtained by magnetic bead sorting from the stromal vascular faction (SVF). Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) were collected by subculture. The angiogenic capacities of CD34+ cells, CD34- cells and ADSC were evaluated in vitro by comparing mRNA and protein expression. Random axial flaps in nude mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of these cells in protecting tissue from necrosis. The effect of these cells in preventing inflammation was also evaluated. Results: Our data suggest that CD34+ cells expressed higher levels of angiogenetic factors and lower levels of inflammatory factors than the other cell types. More vessel branches were formed when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with conditioned medium from CD34+ cells than conditioned medium from the other cell types. Compared to ADSC, CD34+ cells showed significantly higher efficacy in promoting tissue survival. More CD31+ cells and higher levels of angiogenic factors were observed in tissues from the CD34+ Group than from the other Groups. Lower levels of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1b and higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors were found in the CD34+ Group than in the other Groups.Conclusion: Adipose-derived CD34+ cells showed better efficacy in improving ischemic tissue survival than ADSC by reducing tissue inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. CD34+ cells can be obtained easily and may be suitable for clinical applications.
Pathogen-induced alterations in methylome during Lr48-mediated APR in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)&nbsp;
Authors: Jain Neelu , Batra Ritu , Saripalli Gautam , Sinha Nivedita , Rani Sushma , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Gautam Tinku , Prasad Pramod , Balyan Harindra Singh , Gupta Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Differential DNA methylation due to APR gene Lr48 for leaf rust resistance in wheat cv. CSP44 was examined at pre-adult plant (P-AP) susceptible stage and adult plant (AP) resistant stage. As many as 52,872 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) carrying 897 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and many intergenic regions were identified. DMGs included exons/introns, promoters and UTRs. Little less than half of DMGs, were also compared with transcriptome data based on RNA-sEq. Susceptibility (at P-AP) was found to be governed by activation (due to hypomethylation) of relatively more genes, whereas resistance (at AP) involved silencing of relatively large number of genes. Using GO terms, DMGs were found to belong to a variety of biological processes including transcription regulation, protein synthesis, signal transduction, defense, photosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The results of the present study improved our understanding of the epigenetic control of leaf rust APR in wheat.
Short- to mid-term outcomes of computer navigation assisted total knee arthroplasty using adjusted mechanical alignment compared to mechanical alignment
Authors: Zheng Kai , Sun Houyi , Zhang Weicheng , Zhu Feng , Zhou Jun , Xu Yaozeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate efficacy of navigation-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) achieved using adjusted mechanical alignment (aMA) and mechanical alignment (MA) technique.
Methods

The authors performed a retrospective study enrolled a single-center series of patients who underwent navigation-assisted TKA with aMA (n = 77) and with MA (n = 61) technique. The demographic data was recorded. Functional scores including Hospital for Special Surgery score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score and Forgotten Joint Score-12 were evaluated. In addition, the parameter of resection and soft tissue balance as well as radiographic evaluation was measured and compared between groups.
Results

The HSS score at 1-month and 6-months postoperatively were significant higher using aMA compared to MA. The postoperative coronal alignment was made with a mean of 1.11° more varus/valgus in the aMA group compared to MA. The femoral prosthesis was positioned in a mean of 2.29° more varus/valgus using aMA compared to MA. The medial extension gap was significantly tighter in the MA group. In addition, the femoral prosthesis in the aMA group was positioned in a mean of 0.77° more external rotation than the MA group. The lateral flexion gap was wider in the aMA group with a mean of 0.71 mm more laxity.
Conclusions

Both aMA and MA technique in TKA obtained good clinical outcomes. Notably, aMA-TKA grant superior functional scores at 1-month and 6-months follow-up, might due to the preservation of mild constitutional frontal deformity with less release of soft tissue and a biomimetic wider lateral flexion gap was remained.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Pediatric Case Report
Authors: Faid Tiaaza , Boutaleb Amine Mamoun , Sakhi Asmaa , Drighil Abdenasser , Bouayed Kenza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body, nonetheless cardiac involvement is frequent. Pericarditis is the most common type of heart attack followed by endocarditis, whereas myocarditis is rare. Despite improvements in the survival and quality of life of children with SLE, morbidity from the disease continues to be a major cause of death. Over the past three decades, lupus-related mortality has declined in all categories except cardiovascular disease. Heart disease is currently recognized as a major cause of death and morbidity in children with SLE. In fact, in the majority of cohort studies, the mean cardiovascular mortality is between 7 and 30%. We report full recovery of a little girl with SLE who developed dilated cardiomyopathy and review the literature. Case presentation: A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent fever, severe weight loss, alopecia, purpuric spots, positive anti-lupus antibodies, and decreased complement. She was diagnosed with SLE and treated with oral corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine. On the third day of hospitalization, she developed a macrophage activation syndrome which improved with the methylprednisolone bolus. Additional examinations have been performed, including chest x-ray and echocardiography. They showed respectively marked enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and dilated cardiomyopathy with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of approximately 35% associated with low pericardial effusion. She was diagnosed with SLE-related dilated cardiomyopathy and treated with furosemide, captopril, digoxin, spironolactone, and acetyl-salicylic acid. Clinical improvement was observed and the echocardiographic examination after 4 months of evolution was normalized, allowing cardiac treatments to be stopped while maintaining captopril.Conclusions: It is mandatory to check cardiac involvement in all patients with pediatric lupus to make an early diagnosis and ensure optimal management of cardiomyopathy, which is a rare, severe and silent complication.