bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic variation in influenza vaccination among U.S. nursing home residents: A national study
Authors: Silva Joe B. B. , Bosco Elliott , Riester Melissa R. , McConeghy Kevin W. , Moyo Patience , van Aalst Robertus , Bardenheier Barbara H. , Gravenstein Stefan , Baier Rosa , Loiacono Matthew M. , Chit Ayman , Zullo Andrew R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesEstimates of influenza vaccine use are not available at the county level for U.S. nursing home (NH) residents but are critically necessary to guide the implementation of quality improvement programs aimed at increasing vaccination. Furthermore, estimates that account for differences in resident characteristics between counties are unavailable. We estimated risk‐standardized vaccination rates (RSVRs) among short‐ and long‐stay NH residents by U.S. county and identified drivers of geographic variation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing 100% of 2013–2015 fee‐for‐service Medicare claims, Minimum Data Set assessments, Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports, and Long‐Term Care: Facts on Care in the U.S. We separately evaluated short‐stay (<100 days) and long‐stay (≥100 days) residents aged 65 and older across the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 influenza seasons. We estimated RSVRs via hierarchical logistic regression adjusting for 32 resident‐level covariates. We then used multivariable linear regression models to assess associations between county‐level NHs predictors and RSVRs.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 2,817,217 residents in 14,658 NHs across 2798 counties. Short‐stay residents had lower RSVRs than long‐stay residents (2013–2014: median [interquartile range], 69.6% [62.8–74.5] vs 84.0% [80.8–86.4]), and there was wide variation within each population (range, 11.4–89.8 vs 49.1–92.6). Several modifiable facility‐level characteristics were associated with increased RSVRs, including higher registered nurse to total nurse ratio and higher total staffing for licensed practical nurses, speech‐language pathologists, and social workers. Characteristics associated with lower RSVRs included higher percentage of residents restrained, with a pressure ulcer, and NH‐level hospitalizations per resident‐year.ConclusionsSubstantial county‐level variation in influenza vaccine use exists among short‐ and long‐stay NH residents. Quality improvement interventions to improve vaccination rates can leverage these results to target NHs located in counties with lower risk‐standardized vaccine use.
Labor Market Policies in a Deep Recession: Lessons from Hoover's Policies during the U.S. Great Depression
Authors: ROULLEAU‐PASDELOUP JORDAN , ZHUTOVA ANASTASIA 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhat are the effects of labor market policies when the economy is sliding into a deep recession? We show that public announcements asking firms not to cut wages under H. Hoover during 1929–33 postponed entering the zero lower bound episode and reduced its duration. We develop and estimate a medium scale New Keynesian model to measure the effect of Hoover policies during the Great Depression and we find evidence that without such polices the U.S. economy would have ended up in a liquidity trap 3 years before it actually did, suffering an even deeper recession with a larger deflation.
The Effectiveness of the Transitional Care Program Among People Awaiting Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Yuroong Arisara , Asdornwised Usavadee , Pinyopasakul Wanpen , Wongkornrat Wanchai , Chansatitporn Natkamol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the effectiveness of the Transitional Care Program (TCP) on the anxiety, depression, cardiac self‐efficacy, number of hospitalizations, and satisfaction with care among people awaiting elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.DesignThe study design was a randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe participants with coronary artery disease who met the study criteria (n = 104) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 52) receiving the TCP plus routine care, or the control group (n = 52) receiving routine care only. The TCP, developed based on the Transitional Care Model, comprised hospital discharge planning and six weekly home telephone follow‐ups to provide health education, counseling, monitoring, and emotional support tailored to the individual’s needs. Data were collected at baseline, and then at weeks 1, 6, and 8 after program enrollment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated‐measures analysis of variance, and the Z test.FindingsThe intervention group had lower anxiety and depression than did the control group at weeks 1, 6, and 8 after program enrollment. At weeks 6 and 8, the intervention group exhibited higher cardiac self‐efficacy and satisfaction with care than the control group. Further, the intervention group had a significantly lower number of hospitalizations than the control group at week 8.ConclusionsThe TCP can reduce anxiety, depression, and number of hospitalizations, while increasing cardiac self‐efficacy and satisfaction with care among people awaiting CABG.Clinical RelevanceNurses are in a pivotal position to make care transitions safer. Provision of discharge education and regular telephone contacts could enhance positive outcomes regarding patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery.
Neuropsychological assessment of paediatric brain tumour survivors: Factors associated with assessment
Authors: Slykerman Rebecca F , Jenner Emily , Tsui Karen , Laughton Stephen 
Published: May 2021

AimPaediatric brain tumour survivors are at increased risk of neurocognitive deficits that affect their education. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of brain tumour survivors who historically received a neuropsychological assessment and examine the demographic and treatment‐related variables associated with neuropsychological assessment. A further aim was to determine the number and treatment profile of brain tumour survivors who would benefit from neuropsychological assessment.MethodsData from the New Zealand Children's Cancer Registry including treatments received, was used to identify children treated for a brain tumour at Starship Children's Hospital between January 2009 and December 2015. Clinical records were examined for evidence of a neuropsychological assessment in the form of a written report. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with receipt of an assessment.ResultsOf the 132 brain tumour survivors, 37 (28.0%) had evidence of a neuropsychological assessment in their clinical records. In adjusted analysis, children who were treated with all three of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (n = 38) were more likely to have had an assessment (odds ratio: 12.90; 95% confidence interval: 4.76–34.93) than children who had either no treatment, chemotherapy alone, surgery alone or chemotherapy and surgery (n = 73). Treatment with radiotherapy alone or with either chemotherapy or surgery (n = 21) was not significantly associated with receipt of assessment (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.69–8.37).ConclusionsIt is important to identify the number of children who might benefit from neuropsychological assessment to inform prioritisation within existing resource and plan for additional resource if required. With a focus on reducing late effects, it is imperative that neuropsychological assessment is an integral component of a paediatric brain tumour programme.
Effect of sugar and starch supplementation on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in addax (Addax nasomaculatus) and Reeves’s muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi)
Authors: Przybyło Marcin , Dander Sara , Krawiec Karolina , Kloska Alina , Kowalski Zygmunt M. , Górka Paweł 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to determine the effect of the supplementation of sugar, starch or both on feed, nutrient and energy intake and total tract digestibility in four adult female addax (Addax nasomaculatus) and four adult male Reeves's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) – representatives of grazing and browsing ruminants, respectively. Studies in both species were conducted according to 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Animals had free access to meadow hay (addax) or dehydrated chopped lucerne (muntjac), and were fed a restricted amount of a ‘basal diet’ consisting of: (1) wheat bran; (2) wheat bran and sucrose (source of sugar); (3) wheat bran and wheat (source of starch); or (4) wheat bran, sucrose and wheat. The amounts of supplemental sucrose and wheat were set to account for 2% and 15%, respectively, of dry matter (DM) consumed. There was no effect of the ~2% sugar supplementation on DM intake of hay by addax, while the ~10% starch supplementation reduced DM intake of hay by 13% (p < 0.01); total DM intake (of hay and the basal diet) was not affected neither by sugar nor starch supplementation. When the diet for addax included wheat, this resulted in a greater intake of crude protein by 15%, lower intake of ADF by 9%, and greater crude protein digestibility by 10% (p ≤ 0.05). The ~2% sugar supplementation did not affect intake of lucerne and total DM intake by muntjac, but the ~10% starch supplementation decreased DM intake of lucerne by 25% (p < 0.01), total DM intake by 7% (p = 0.02) and intake of all nutrients (p ≤ 0.10). In summary, if high intake of roughages by captive ruminants is fundamental for their gastrointestinal functions and health, then starchy feeds supplementation should be limited, as they have an especially negative impact on roughage intake.
Point‐of‐care N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide assay to screen apparently healthy cats for cardiac disease in general practice
Authors: Lu Ta‐Li , Côté Etienne , Kuo Yu‐Wen , Wu Hao‐Han , Wang Wen‐Yen , Hung Yong‐Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care (POC) N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) ELISA test has been evaluated for screening cats for cardiac disease in the referral veterinary setting but less is known about its use in general practice (GP).ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic utility of a POC NT‐proBNP ELISA in cats seen in GPs.AnimalsTwo hundred and seventeen apparently healthy cats from 21 GPs.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross‐sectional study. Cardiac auscultation and POC NT‐proBNP ELISA were done by veterinarians at their GPs. After enrollment at GPs, cats were sent to a cardiology referral hospital for cardiac auscultation and echocardiographic diagnosis. Results were interpreted based on whether cats had normal or abnormal echocardiographic findings.ResultsPoint‐of‐care NT‐proBNP ELISA results differentiated cats in the abnormal group from those in the normal group with a sensitivity of 43%, specificity of 96%. In cats with a heart murmur at GPs, POC NT‐proBNP ELISA results differentiated cats in the abnormal group from those in the normal group with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 92%.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceIn apparently healthy cats in GPs, positive POC NT‐proBNP results are associated with heart disease, warranting an echocardiogram, but negative results do not reliably exclude heart disease. These results suggest POC NT‐proBNP is not an effective screening test for apparently healthy cats in GPs, although its performance is improved if it is used only in cats that have a heart murmur.
Mosquito Magnet® traps as a potential means of monitoring blackflies of medical and veterinary importance
Authors: López‐Peña D. , Hawkes F. M. , Gibson G. I. , Johnston C. , Vaux A. G. C. , Lis‐Cantín Á. , Medlock J. M. , Cheke R. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMosquito Magnet® traps, deployed in widespread parts of England as part of nationwide mosquito surveillance projects, also caught blackflies. As many as 1242 blackflies were caught in a trapping session lasting 4 days. Principal among the species caught were Simulium equinum, Simulium lineatum and Simulium ornatum s.l. As S. ornatum s.l. is a vector that transmits Onchocerca linealis to cattle and S. equinum is responsible for dermatitis (‘sweet itch’) in cattle and horses, it is suggested that Mosquito Magnet® traps could be used to monitor and partially control these pests, as well as nuisance anthropophilic blackflies such as Simulium posticatum that can cause simuliidosis in southern England.
Predictors of maximal postoperative pain at rest in adult patients undergoing elective surgery – A multicenter observational study
Authors: Tomaszek Lucyna , Ozga Dorota 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the maximum intensity of postoperative pain at rest in 620 adults after an elective surgery as well as to determine demographic and clinical predictors of pain. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate the preoperative mental condition of the patient. Preoperative and postoperative pain were assessed at rest based on the Numeric Rating Scale (range: 0–10). The total median maximum intensity of pain was 3 (interquartile range: 1–5). The linear regression model for the maximum intensity of postoperative pain was statistically significant and very well fitted – the coefficient of determination was 62%. Preoperative anxiety, pain, cancer, a medical history of thyroid (vs abdominal) surgery, and an operation resulting in major (vs moderate) tissue injury have a positive impact on the maximum intensity of postoperative pain. Eye surgery and lower limb operations gave lower scores than abdominal surgery. The early identification of these predictors in patients at risk for postoperative pain will help in preparing an individual pain management plan.
Hydraulically‐vulnerable trees survive on deep‐water access during droughts in a tropical forest
Authors: Chitra‐Tarak Rutuja , Xu Chonggang , Aguilar Salomón , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Chambers Jeff , Detto Matteo , Faybishenko Boris , Fisher Rosie A. , Knox Ryan G. , Koven Charles D. , Kueppers Lara M , Kunert Nobert , Kupers Stefan J. , McDowell Nate G. , Newman Brent D. , Paton Steven R. , Pérez Rolando , Ruiz Laurent , Sack Lawren , Warren Jeffrey M. , Wolfe Brett T. , Wright Cynthia , Wright S. Joseph , Zailaa Joseph , McMahon Sean M. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Deep‐water access is arguably the most effective, but under‐studied, mechanism that plants employ to survive during drought. Vulnerability to embolism and hydraulic safety margins can predict mortality risk at given levels of dehydration, but deep‐water access may delay plant dehydration. Here, we tested the role of deep‐water access in enabling survival within a diverse tropical forest community in Panama using a novel data‐model approach.

We inversely estimated the effective rooting depth (ERD, as the average depth of water extraction), for 29 canopy species by linking diameter growth dynamics (1990–2015) to vapor pressure deficit, water potentials in the whole‐soil column, and leaf hydraulic vulnerability curves. We validated ERD estimates against existing isotopic data of potential water‐access depths.

Across species, deeper ERD was associated with higher maximum stem hydraulic conductivity, greater vulnerability to xylem embolism, narrower safety margins, and lower mortality rates during extreme droughts over 35 years (1981–2015) among evergreen species. Species exposure to water stress declined with deeper ERD indicating that trees compensate for water stress‐related mortality risk through deep‐water access.

The role of deep‐water access in mitigating mortality of hydraulically‐vulnerable trees has important implications for our predictive understanding of forest dynamics under current and future climates.
Elongation of wood fibers combines features of diffuse and tip growth
Authors: Majda Mateusz , Kozlova Liudmila , Banasiak Alicja , Derba‐Maceluch Marta , Iashchishyn Igor A. , Morozova‐Roche Ludmilla A. , Smith Richard S. , Gorshkova Tatyana , Mellerowicz Ewa J. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Xylem fibers are highly elongated cells that are key constituents of wood, play major physiological roles in plants, comprise an important terrestrial carbon reservoir, and thus have enormous ecological and economic importance. As they develop, from fusiform initials, their bodies remain the same length while their tips elongate and intrude into intercellular spaces.

To elucidate mechanisms of tip elongation, we studied the cell wall along the length of isolated, elongating aspen xylem fibers and used computer simulations to predict the forces driving the intercellular space formation required for their growth.

We found pectin matrix epitopes (JIM5, LM7) concentrated at the tips where cellulose microfibrils have transverse orientation, and xyloglucan epitopes (CCRC‐M89, CCRC‐M58) in fiber bodies where microfibrils are disordered. These features are accompanied by changes in cell wall thickness, indicating that while the cell wall elongates strictly at the tips, it is deposited all over fibers. Computer modeling revealed that the intercellular space formation needed for intrusive growth may only require targeted release of cell adhesion, which allows turgor pressure in neighboring fiber cells to ‘round’ the cells creating spaces.

These characteristics show that xylem fibers’ elongation involves a distinct mechanism that combines features of both diffuse and tip growth.
Iron supplementation following bariatric surgery: A systematic review of current strategies
Authors: Anvari Sama , Samarasinghe Yasith , Alotaiby Nouf , Tiboni Maria , Crowther Mark , Doumouras Aristithes G. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are common following bariatric surgery; however, there are limited standardized treatment recommendations for their management. The purpose of this study was to review the current strategies for iron supplementation following bariatric surgery and assess their relative efficacy in managing ID and IDA. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to January 2021. Primary outcomes of interest were prevention or improvement in ID or IDA with iron supplementation. Forty‐nine studies with 12,880 patients were included. Most patients underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (61.9%). Iron supplementation was most commonly administered orally for prevention of ID/IDA and was effective in 52% of studies. Both IV and oral iron were given for treatment of ID/IDA. Fifty percent (3/6) of the oral and 100% (3/3) of the IV supplementation strategies were effective at treating ID. Iron supplementation strategies employed following bariatric surgery are highly variable, and many do not provide sufficient iron to prevent the development of ID and IDA, potentially due to poor patient adherence. Further high‐quality prospective trials, particularly comparing intravenous and oral iron, are warranted in order to determine the ideal dosage, route, and duration of iron supplementation.
Use of belatacept as alternative graft vs host disease prophylaxis in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wright Mariah , Rangarajan Hemalatha , Abu‐Arja Rolla , Auletta Jeffery J. , Lee Dean , Polishchuk Veronika , Pai Vinita , Taylor Kimberly , Bajwa Rajinder P.S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppressive prophylaxis is usually given to decrease the development of acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Belatacept is a Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4, blocking agent, an immunosuppressive agent used for organ rejection prevention in adult renal transplant recipients.MethodsWe describe two children in whom belatacept was successfully used for GvHD prophylaxis. Case 1 was noncompliant with prior immunosuppressive therapy for aplastic anemia, and Case 2 developed severe thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) precluding the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) or mTOR inhibitors.Results and ConclusionBelatacept was found to be a safe alternative in preventing GvHD in 2 patients in whom traditional prophylactic therapies were not possible to use.
Equality
Authors: Zanetti Gianfrancesco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract“Equality” is a notion about which disagreement arises not simply due to lack of clarity and precision (or intellectual dishonesty and bad faith). Rather, equality is an idea that implies and implicates some form of disagreement as a constitutive possibility of its horizon of discussion. This, in my view, is both a problem and an opportunity. I submit that equality is a plural notion: There are only equalities, practices aimed at removing situated circumstances of inequality and discrimination.
Transcriptome profiles of pre‐pubertal and adult in vitro matured ovine oocytes obtained from FSH‐stimulated animals
Authors: Ying Chen , Yangsheng Wu , Jiapeng Lin , Liqin Wang , Xiaolin Li , Mingjun Liu , Juncheng Huang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPre‐pubertal females produce more oocytes than adult individuals, but the ability of oocytes to undergo embryonic development and produce viable offspring is less in pre‐pubertal animals than in adult animals. Oocyte quality is associated with abnormal gene expression. To date, the transcriptome profiles of 1‐month‐old lamb oocytes after in vitro maturation (IVM) are poorly reported. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lamb oocytes with varying competencies, affecting oocyte competence. Using RNA sequencing (RNA developmental ‐seq) technology, the transcriptome profiles of 1‐month‐old lamb oocytes after IVM were assessed, and oocytes from adult sheep large follicles were used as controls. We found 11 up‐regulated and 39 down‐regulated DEGs in lamb oocytes. Gene Ontology analysis of DEGs showed that molecular functions were clustered in catalytic and binding activities, while biological processes were clustered in metabolic process, cellular process, single‐organism process and biological regulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEGs were involved in oxidative phosphorylation, transforming growth factor‐beta signalling pathway, or DNA replication. In lamb MII oocytes, down‐regulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes (ATP5E, NDUFA7 and COX6C), thiol protease inhibitor (CSTB) and 26S proteasome component (SHFM1) and up‐regulation of CUL1, MARCH7 and TRIM17 might cause low competence of lamb embryos. In conclusion, this study provided detailed information on mRNA transcriptomes in lamb oocytes after IVM, which offers insights into the reduced developmental potential of lamb oocytes.