bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Confidence Density for Correlation
Authors: Taraldsen Gunnar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInference for correlation is central in statistics. From a Bayesian viewpoint, the final most complete outcome of inference for the correlation is the posterior distribution. An explicit formula for the posterior density for the correlation for the binormal is derived. This posterior is an optimal confidence distribution and corresponds to a standard objective prior. It coincides with the fiducial introduced by R.A. Fisher in 1930 in his first paper on fiducial inference. C.R. Rao derived an explicit elegant formula for this fiducial density, but the new formula using hypergeometric functions is better suited for numerical calculations. Several examples on real data are presented for illustration. A brief review of the connections between confidence distributions and Bayesian and fiducial inference is given in an Appendix.
On the existence of four or more curved foldings with common creases and crease patterns
Authors: Honda A. , Naokawa K. , Saji K. , Umehara M. , Yamada K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConsider an oriented curve $$\Gamma $$
Γ
in a domain D in the plane $${\varvec{R}}^2$$

R

2

. Thinking of D as a piece of paper, one can make a curved folding in the Euclidean space $${\varvec{R}}^3$$

R

3

. This can be expressed as the image of an “origami map” $$\Phi :D\rightarrow {\varvec{R}}^3$$

Φ
:
D
→

R

3

such that $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is the singular set of $$\Phi $$
Φ
, the word “origami” coming from the Japanese term for paper folding. We call the singular set image $$C:=\Phi (\Gamma )$$

C
:
=
Φ
(
Γ
)

the crease of $$\Phi $$
Φ
and the singular set $$\Gamma $$
Γ
the crease pattern of $$\Phi $$
Φ
. We are interested in the number of origami maps whose creases and crease patterns are C and $$\Gamma $$
Γ
, respectively. Two such possibilities have been known. In the authors’ previous work, two other new possibilities and an explicit example with four such non-congruent distinct curved foldings were established. In this paper, we determine the possible values for the number N of congruence classes of curved foldings with the same crease and crease pattern. As a consequence, if C is a non-closed simple arc, then $$N=4$$

N
=
4

if and only if both $$\Gamma $$
Γ
and C do not admit any symmetries. On the other hand, when C is a closed curve, there are infinitely many distinct possibilities for curved foldings with the same crease and crease pattern, in general.
Barriers to cross-disciplinary knowledge flow: The case of medical education research
Authors: Albert Mathieu , Rowland Paula , Friesen Farah , Laberge Suzanne 
Published: October 2021

Introduction The medical education research field operates at the crossroads of two distinct academic worlds: higher education and medicine. As such, this field provides a unique opportunity to explore new forms of cross-disciplinary knowledge exchange. Methods Cross-disciplinary knowledge flow in medical education research was examined by looking at citation patterns in the five journals with the highest impact factor in 2017. To grasp the specificities of the knowledge flow in medical education, the field of higher education was used as a comparator. In total, 2031 citations from 64 medical education and 41 higher education articles published in 2017 were examined. Results Medical education researchers draw on a narrower range of knowledge communities than their peers in higher education. Medical education researchers predominantly cite articles published in health and medical education journals (80% of all citations), and to a lesser extent, articles published in education and social science journals. In higher education, while the largest share of the cited literature is internal to the domain (36%), researchers cite literature from across the social science spectrum. Findings suggest that higher education scholars engage in conversations with academics from a broader range of communities and perspectives than their medical education colleagues. Discussion Using Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of doxa and field, it is argued that the variety of epistemic cultures entering the higher education research space contributes to its interdisciplinary nature. Conversely, the existence of a relatively homogeneous epistemic culture in medicine potentially impedes cross-disciplinary knowledge exchange.
Introduction of the Modified Neuroanatomy Motivation Questionnaire and Its Role in Comparing Medical Student Attitudes Towards Learning Neuroanatomy Between Neuro-enthusiasts and Standard Students
Authors: Hall Samuel , Kurn Octavia , Anbu Deepika , Nagy Eva , Dean Oliver , Robson Alistair , Taylor Charles , Elmansouri Ahmad , Geoghegan Kate , Payne December , Myers Matthew , Stephens Jonny , Merzougui Wassim , Border Scott 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Neurophobia has been identified as a potential barrier to adequate knowledge of neurology in the medical community, and therefore to patient safety. There is a drive to identify the source of neurophobia, in the hope of tackling it. Comparing the learning motivations of standard medical students with those who enjoy neuroanatomy may be a way of doing this.

Methods
The science motivation questionnaire (SMQ) was modified for neuroanatomy. It was distributed to three cohorts of second year medical students and students attending the extracurricular National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition (NUNC). Cohen’s D test for effect size was used to compare standard medical students and those attending the NUNC.

Results
Five hundred ninety-seven questionnaires were completed by second year students, and 320 by NUNC attendees. The differences in motivation to learn neuroanatomy between the 2 groups mainly fell into themes of career motivation, personal relevance, intrinsic motivation and assessment anxiety.

Conclusion
This study has demonstrated the use of the SMQ in neuroanatomy, and found differences in motivators to learn neuroanatomy between self-selecting “neurophiles” and standard medical students, mainly relating to intrinsic motivation and its role in their lives. More research is needed to further explore these differences and how they might apply to interventions in medical school curricula.
Augmented-Reality-basierte Assistenz für das Anlernen manueller und roboterunterstützter Montageprozesse
Authors: Hegenberg Jens , Schmidt Ludger 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch eine zunehmend flexibilisierte Produktion und relativ hohe Personalfluktuation bei einfachen Tätigkeiten wird das Anlernen neuer Mitarbeitender bzw. für neue oder geänderte Produktionsprozesse zunehmend relevanter. Konventionelle Anlernmethoden, bspw. durch Demonstration oder Arbeitspläne, haben Schwächen (bspw. binden sie zusätzliche Arbeitskraft oder sind kognitiv anspruchsvoll), die durch ein Augmented-Reality-(AR-)basiertes Assistenzsystem kompensiert werden können. Ein AR-Assistenzsystem zum Anlernen eines tatsächlichen industriellen Montageprozesses wurde in einer vergleichenden Studie mit 16 Versuchspersonen gegenüber einer konventionellen Papieranleitung evaluiert. Bzgl. Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Beanspruchung deuten sich die Stärken des AR-Ansatzes an. In den Subskalen Anstrengung und Frustration zeigt sich eine statistisch signifikante Reduktion der Beanspruchung. Bezüglich der Montagezeiten konnten statistisch signifikante Vorteile erzielt werden. Ergänzend wurde in einer zweiten Studie eine Videoanleitung mit der AR-Anleitung verglichen.Praktische Relevanz: Die Digitalisierung der Produktion erlaubt nach Kundenwunsch individualisierte Produkte, die mit einer flexibilisierten Produktion einhergehen. Einfache Montageprozesse ändern sich daher häufiger vollständig oder in Teilen. Außerdem wechseln Mitarbeitende aufgrund der monotonen und repetitiven Tätigkeiten häufiger. All das führt zu einem Bedarf an regelmäßigen Anlernprozessen. Ein AR-Assistenzsystem erscheint als aussichtsreicher Ansatz, wobei die Gebrauchstauglichkeit besonders im Fokus stehen sollte, da wenig technische Kenntnisse vorausgesetzt werden können.
Zinc oxide-induced changes to sunscreen ingredient efficacy and toxicity under UV irradiation
Authors: Ginzburg Aurora L. , Blackburn Richard S. , Santillan Claudia , Truong Lisa , Tanguay Robyn L. , Hutchison James E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSunscreen safety and efficacy is generally evaluated based upon the properties of the individual chemicals in a formulation. However, the photostability of sunscreens has been shown to be highly dependent on the mixture of chemicals present. To better understand how sunscreen formulation influences stability, and to establish a foundation for probing the influence of zinc oxide additives, we formulated five different small-molecule based ultraviolet-filter (UV-filter) mixtures with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 15. These mixtures contained active ingredients approved in either the United States or European Union and were designed to represent formulations of actual products on the market. We evaluated the photostability and toxicity of these mixtures in the absence and presence of zinc oxide after UV exposure for two hours. Changes in UV absorbance were minimal for all five small-molecule-based mixtures without zinc oxide. The presence of either micro- or nano-sized zinc oxide caused significant small-molecule photodegradation and the degraded mixtures exhibited higher levels of toxicity in embryonic zebrafish assays. This study suggests that caution must be taken when formulating sunscreens containing both zinc oxide and small-molecule UV-filters to avoid unintended consequences during use.
Graphic abstract
Semi-global leader-following output consensus of heterogeneous systems subject to actuator position and rate saturation
Authors: Zhou Panpan , Chen Ben M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study in this paper a semi-global leader-following output consensus problem for multiple heterogeneous linear systems in the presence of actuator position and rate saturation over a directed topology. For each follower, via the low gain feedback design technique and output regulation theory, both a state feedback consensus protocol and an output feedback consensus protocol are constructed. In the output feedback case, different distributed observers are designed for the informed followers and uninformed followers to estimate the state of the leader and the follower itself. We show that the semi-global leader-following output consensus of heterogeneous linear systems can be achieved by the two consensus protocols if each follower is reachable from the leader in the directed communication topology.
Factors Impacting Postoperative Opioid Use Among Patients Undergoing Implantation of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis
Authors: Ehlers Mark E. , Mohan Charan S. , Akerman Jason P. , McGowan Micah , McCormick Benjamin J. , Hacker Kathryn E. , Coward R. Matthew , Figler Bradley D. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile there is an increasing burden of chronic postoperative opioid use and opioid abuse in the United States, opioid use following inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery has not been well described.AimDescribe postoperative opioid use following IPP surgery.MethodsSeventy-four consecutive patients undergoing IPP implantation by a single surgeon were enrolled. Self-reported diaries tracked the type and amount of medication taken for 2 weeks following IPP surgery. High opioid consumers were defined as those consuming more than the median amount (10 mg) of opioids during the first 2 weeks postoperatively. Multivariate analyses were performed using stepwise backward elimination.OutcomesQuantification of opioid use postoperatively and factors related to high opioid use.RESULTSFifty-six patients were included after 7 were excluded for preoperative opioid use and 11 were excluded for inability to contact. Median age was 67.5. Devices used were Boston Scientific (41, 73%) and Coloplast (15, 27%). All patients received local anesthetic. Most surgeries (44, 79%) were performed as outpatient. Preoperative analgesia with acetaminophen, celecoxib, and pregabalin was administered in 44 (78%), 44 (78%), and 28 (50%) of cases respectively; 32 (57%) of patients received 2 medications, 21 (36%) received three medications. In hospital median morphine equivalents was 7.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 0–7.5). Oxycodone prescribed at discharge was 50 mg (29, 52%), 75 mg (4; 7%), and 100 mg (23; 41%). Median milligrams of oxycodone used was 10 mg (IQR 0–23.5) at 7 days and 10 (IQR 0–37.5) at 14 days postdischarge. On univariate analysis, factors associated with an increased likelihood of high opioid use were morphine equivalents utilized in hospital (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, P &lt; .05) and milligrams oxycodone prescribed at discharge (OR 1.05, P &lt; .001) while patient demographics, procedure characteristics, and analgesic types were not found to be predictive of high opioid use. On multivariate analysis, milligrams oxycodone prescribed at discharge (OR 1.04, P &lt; .005) were associated with an increased likelihood of high opioid use after discharge.Clinical ImplicationsIncreased understanding of opioid use after IPP surgery may improve prescribing patterns after discharge.Strengths & LimitationsThis study quantified post discharge opioid use over the first 14 postoperative days. It is limited by single surgeon, small sample size, and retrospective design.CONCLUSIONProvider opioid prescribing patterns were associated with high opioid consumption postoperatively and a substantial amount of opioids prescribed at discharge remain unused by patients, suggesting that we can reduce or replace the amount of opioids that are prescribed.
Information Certainty Influences the Attitudes of Students and Teachers Towards COVID-19
Authors: de la Vega Ricardo , Ruíz Barquín Roberto , Boros Szilvia , Szabo Attila 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic struck Spain severely from the beginning. Prevention via information that fosters knowledge, reasonable concern, control, and personal care is the most effective means to slow down the pandemic. In this intervention field study, first, we assessed actual knowledge, concern, control, and care about the COVID-19 in 111 Spanish university teachers and students. Subsequently, we randomly assigned them to two groups. One group (n = 53) received uncertain information about prevention measures, whereas the other group (n = 58) received certain information. Analysis of covariance, using baseline measures as covariates, revealed that the group receiving the certain information reported an immediately increased perceived control and personal care about the pandemic. These findings suggest that measures that are known to be effective in COVID-19 prevention, if communicated with certainty (i.e., solid evidence), could influence people's attitudes, possibly through the schematic organisation of new information.
Between Hoffmann and Goethe: The Young Brahms as Reader
Authors: PHILLIPS REUBEN 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article provides a critical account of Brahms’s early collection of quotations, aphorisms and poems commonly known asDes jungen Kreislers Schatzkästleinin the context of the composer’s youthful engagement with German literature. Drawing on archival materials housed in Vienna, it evaluates the 1909 publication of theSchatzkästleinby the Deutsche Brahms-Gesellschaft and traces Brahms’s path in assembling his quotations to reveal borrowings from sources he encountered in the Schumann house in Düsseldorf in 1854. The second section of the article considers the different modes of reading implied by Brahms’s collection, while the third reflects on the artistic worldview articulated by the assembled entries. While scholars have viewed theSchatzkästleinlargely as evidence of Brahms’s adolescent infatuation with the writings of the German Romantics, this investigation emphasizes the competing conceptions of artistry present in these fascinatingly messy notebooks and argues that this youthful collection points to the important role played by literature in the development of Brahms’s distinctive musical sensibility.
Does the introduction of a formal neutropenic sepsis protocol improve therapeutic radiographer confidence and competence at recognising sepsis within the radiotherapy department?
Authors: Clayton Adam , Griffiths Siân , Gilbert Philippa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this service review was to review whether implementing a formal training package increased therapeutic radiographer confidence and competence in recognising neutropenic sepsis in radiotherapy patients. In addition, authors also investigated whether the introduction of a weekly National Early Warning Score (NEWS) protocol had been successful in identifying cases of neutropenic sepsis.

Material and Methods:
Therapeutic radiographer (n = 13) views on the new protocol were collected through an online questionnaire. A review of the clinical observation sheets of patients who received chemo-radiotherapy (n = 49) between 18 April 2019 and 31 October 2019 was undertaken. Information on disease site, NEWS scores, number of patients who had become neutropenic and action taken by therapeutic radiographers was collected.

Results:
The majority of respondents to the questionnaire found that training benefitted both professionals and patients. Some challenges were highlighted relating to increased workload. For patients receiving regular observations, NEWS scores ranged from 0 to 4. When a patient scored on NEWS, the most common score was 1 across all treatment sites except cervix.

Findings:
Implementing a neutropenic sepsis protocol appears to be beneficial to therapeutic radiographers as professionals, increasing their confidence in patient assessment and monitoring. Regular observations may help to identify deteriorating patients alongside clinical judgement and symptom reviews.
Anisotropic Pn Tomography of Alaska and Adjacent Regions
Authors: He Yuhui , Lü Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe use Pn tomography with coordinate rotation to image in Alaska and adjacent areas and obtain a new Pn velocity and anisotropy model. The observed Pn velocities correlate well with the local geological structures. Low Pn velocities are observed beneath the Aleutian volcanic arc, which may reveal partial melting related to plate dehydration. However, it is separated by a distinct high‐velocity anomaly, suggesting a slab tear. The slightly low Pn velocities beneath the Denali volcanic gap suggest that a small amount of magma is produced but is insufficient to form surface volcanoes. We observe sharp bending of the fast directions on the two sides of the northeast edge of the Yakutat Plate, which reveals the plate’s bending. Large‐scale low velocities are observed beneath the northwestern Cordillera, which may be due to the upwelling of hot material from the deep mantle. The Pn fast directions are parallel to the Queen Charlotte‐Fairweather fault system, consistent with the shear strain direction of the faults, reflecting that the influence of the plate boundary is far‐reaching and that the deformation of the crust and the upper mantle is coupled. Our study provides new constraints on the complex deformation beneath Alaska and adjacent areas.
The Impact of Family Bereavement Interventions: Qualitative Feedback Identifies Needs
Authors: Henning Ellen , Germann Julie N. , Holder Nicholas , Nakonezny Paul , Loftin Sara , Redondo-Doan Bridget , Jones Lisa , Petty Laurie Ames , Pratt Chelsea , Garza-Saenz Monica , Isaacs Thomas , Liu Kevin , Winick Naomi 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To present a synthesis of program improvement evaluations of two approaches to bereavement support for families: (a) weekend family camps providing developmentally targeted grief education and social support for children and parents, and (b) a wait-list control randomized trial of a parent bereavement group intervention. Method: Families eligible for camp experienced a child’s death (from any cause) and have surviving children at home. No-cost twice-yearly weekend camps include support sessions and family activities like fishing. After each retreat, parents and children complete an anonymous evaluation. We analyzed forms from 2009–2014 using the constant comparative method to devise a code structure and identify themes to understand camp impact. The second intervention, the bereavement group, included English and Spanish speaking parents of children who died from cancer. They were initially randomized to intervention and wait-list control groups. Intervention included six-weekly sessions of a bereavement program. Participants were invited to a postintervention focus group to better understand reasons for participation, the value of the group, and their support needs. Results: Qualitative findings from both groups strongly indicate that bereaved parents have specific ongoing needs that can be addressed through family- or parent-focused interventions. Families identified benefits including being able to openly express feelings with peers who truly understand, gaining an understanding of individual and developmental differences in the grief process, improved mood and coping, and enhanced relationships/communication within their families. Conclusions: Bereaved parents, in a subclinical range for mental health concerns, identified the need for ongoing support and benefited from organized peer-support. Implications for Impact Statement After the death of a child, even parents who are functioning well have a profound need for ongoing peer support. Regardless of the length of time since the death, discussions with other parents whose child has died gives them a sense of normality, eases suffering, and enhances their interactions with surviving children/family members regardless. Pediatric health institutions have a responsibility to provide a continuum of care to families, including bereavement care.
GP73-mediated secretion of AFP and GP73 promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Yujuan , Wang Jiyin , Yang Ruixiang , Cheng Yuning , Zhou Yue , Li Hui , Jiang Wei , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGolgi protein 73 (GP73) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and their serum levels correlate with patients’ outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying these correlations are unknown. Here we show that GP73 increased the secretion of AFP through direct binding to AFP, thereby promoting the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells that expressed AFP and its receptor (AFPR). Extracellular GP73 contributed to the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells independent of AFP and AFPR. Moreover, extracellular AFP and GP73 synergized to enhance the malignant phenotype of HCC cells. Furthermore, extracellular GP73 and AFP inhibited the antitumor effects of sorafenib and synergistically increased the drug resistance of HCC cells. These findings, which reveal the mechanism of GP73-mediated secretion of AFP and its effects on the malignant phenotype of HCC cells, provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC and identify potential drug targets.