bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gründe für die Ablehnung behördlicher Empfehlungen und Maßnahmen zum Schutz vor SARS-CoV-2 – eine qualitative Studie auf Basis von Beiträgen in sozialen Medien
Authors: Wahidie Diana , Yılmaz-Aslan Yüce , Ölcer Sabahat , Aksakal Tuğba , Brzoska Patrick 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundUm die Ausbreitung von SARS-CoV‑2 (schweres akutes Atemwegssyndrom-Coronavirus-Typ 2) zu verlangsamen, haben Bund und Bundesländer Schutzmaßnahmen ergriffen, die weitreichende Folgen für die Bevölkerung haben. Diese Maßnahmen umfassen u. a. die zeitweise Einschränkung des Betriebs von Freizeiteinrichtungen sowie Kontakt- und Reiseeinschränkungen. Die Maßnahmen rufen gemischte Reaktionen hervor, wobei Teile der Bevölkerung Empfehlungen und Vorgaben ignorieren.Ziel der ArbeitZiel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, auf Basis der Beiträge in sozialen Medien die Gründe für die Ablehnung von Schutzmaßnahmen zu untersuchen.Material und Methoden3 soziale Netzwerke (Facebook, Twitter und Youtube-Kommentare) wurden für den Zeitraum 02.03. bis 18.04.2020 systematisch hinsichtlich der Einstellungen zu Kontaktbeschränkungen und anderen Schutzmaßnahmen mittels qualitativer Dokumenten- und Inhaltsanalyse untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 119 Beiträge in die Analyse aufgenommen und interpretiert.Ergebnisse6 Hauptkategorien und 4 Unterkategorien wurden im Zusammenhang mit der Ablehnung der Schutzmaßnahmen identifiziert: Fehlinformationen der sozialen Medien (Verharmlosung und Zweifel an der Wirksamkeit), Misstrauen gegenüber den etablierten öffentlichen Medien, Wissensdefizite und Verunsicherung, Einschränkung der Grundrechte, die Rolle der Behörden (Bevölkerungskontrolle und mangelndes Vertrauen in das Robert Koch-Institut) sowie wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen der Pandemie.DiskussionFehlinformationen in sozialen Medien und Wissensdefizite können zu einer Unterschätzung der Pandemie beitragen. Zudem können wirtschaftliche Belastungen mit der Ablehnung von Schutzvorkehrungen einhergehen. Zur Erhöhung der Akzeptanz implementierter Schutzmaßnahmen stellen Gesundheitsaufklärung sowie transparente und evidenzbasierte Kommunikation relevante Determinanten dar.
Das funktionelle Querschnittsyndrom – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Haider Thomas , Notter Lisbeth 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Akutsituation im Schockraum stellen neurologische Ausfälle immer eine diagnostische und in weiterer Folge auch therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Das sogenannte funktionelle Querschnittsyndrom, also sensomotorische Defizite bei vermuteter Rückenmarkläsion ohne organisches Korrelat, wird selten angetroffen und auch in der Literatur sind nur vereinzelte Fallberichte zu finden. Der Fall eines jungen Patienten mit einem funktionellen Querschnittsyndrom nach Trauma wird in diesem Artikel vorgestellt.
A phasianid bird from the Pleistocene of Tainan: the very first avian fossil from Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Hsiu , Mayr Gerald 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTaiwan accommodates more than 600 avian species, including about 30 endemic ones. As yet, however, no fossil birds have been scientifically documented from Taiwan, so that the evolutionary origins of this diversified avifauna remain elusive. Here we report on the very first fossil bird from Taiwan. This Pleistocene specimen, a distal end of the left tarsometatarsus, shows diagnostic features of the galliform Phasianidae, including an asymmetric plantar articular facet trochlea metatarsi III. Our discovery of a Pleistocene phasianid from Taiwan opens a new perspective on studies of the evolution of the avifauna in Taiwan because the fossil shows that careful search for fossils in suitable localities has the potential of recovering avian remains. In general, East Asia has an extremely poor avian fossil record, especially if terrestrial birds are concerned, which impedes well-founded evolutionary scenarios concerning the arrival of certain groups in the area. The Phasianidae exhibit a high degree of endemism in Taiwan, and the new fossil presents the first physical evidence for the presence of phasianids on the island, some 400,000–800,000 years ago. The specimen belongs to a species the size of the three larger phasianids occurring in Taiwan today (Syrmaticus mikado, Lophura swinhoii, and Phasianus colchicus). Still, an unambiguous assignment to either of these species is not possible due to the incomplete nature of the left tarsometatarsus. Because the former two species are endemic to Taiwan, the fossil has the potential to yield the first data on their existence in the geological past of Taiwan if future finds allow identification on species-level.
Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller for Envisioned Agricultural Manipulator
Authors: Paul Satyam , Arunachalam Ajay , Khodadad Davood , Andreasson Henrik , Rubanenko Olena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe implementation of image-based phenotyping systems has become an important aspect of crop and plant science research which has shown tremendous growth over the years. Accurate determination of features using images requires stable imaging and very precise processing. By installing a camera on a mechanical arm driven by motor, the maintenance of accuracy and stability becomes non-trivial. As per the state-of-the-art, the issue of external camera shake incurred due to vibration is a great concern in capturing accurate images, which may be induced by the driving motor of the manipulator. So, there is a requirement for a stable active controller for sufficient vibration attenuation of the manipulator. However, there are very few reports in agricultural practices which use control algorithms. Although, many control strategies have been utilized to control the vibration in manipulators associated to various applications, no control strategy with validated stability has been provided to control the vibration in such envisioned agricultural manipulator with simple low-cost hardware devices with the compensation of non-linearities. So, in this work, the combination of proportional-integral-differential (PID) control with type-2 fuzzy logic (T2-F-PID) is implemented for vibration control. The validation of the controller stability using Lyapunov analysis is established. A torsional actuator (TA) is applied for mitigating torsional vibration, which is a new contribution in the area of agricultural manipulators. Also, to prove the effectiveness of the controller, the vibration attenuation results with T2-F-PID is compared with conventional PD/PID controllers, and a type-1 fuzzy PID (T1-F-PID) controller.
First-line surgery in prolactinomas: lessons from a long-term follow-up study in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Andereggen L. , Frey J. , Andres R. H. , Luedi M. M. , El-Koussy M. , Widmer H. R. , Beck J. , Mariani L. , Seiler R. W. , Christ E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContextAlthough consensus guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (DAs) as the first-line approach in prolactinomas, some patients may opt instead for upfront surgery, with the goal of minimizing the need for continuation of DAs over the long term. While this approach can be recommended in selected patients with a microprolactinoma, the indication for upfront surgery in macroprolactinomas remains controversial, with limited long-term data in large cohorts. We aimed at elucidating whether first-line surgery is equally safe and effective for patients with micro- or macroprolactinomas not extending beyond the median carotid line (i.e., Knosp grade ≤ 1).MethodologyRetrospective study of patients with prolactinomas Knosp grade ≤ 1 treated with upfront surgery. The primary endpoint was patients’ dependence on DAs at last follow-up. The secondary endpoint was postoperative complications. Independent risk factors for long-term dependence on DAs were analyzed.ResultsA microadenoma was noted in 45 patients (52%) and a macroadenoma in 41 (48%), with 17 (20%) harboring a Knosp grade 1 prolactinoma. Median follow-up was 80 months. First-line surgery resulted in long-term remission in 31 patients (72%) with a microprolactinoma and in 18 patients (45%) with a macroprolactinoma (p = 0.02). DA therapy was ultimately required in 11 patients (24%) with microadenomas vs. 20 (49%) with macroadenomas (p = 0.03). As for the latter, DA was required in 13 patients (76%) with Knosp grade 1 macroadenomas vs. 7 patients (29%) with Knosp grade 0 macroadenomas (p = 0.004). There was no mortality, and morbidity was minimal. Knosp grade 1 prolactinomas (OR 7.3, 95% CI 1.4–37.7,p = 0.02) but not adenoma size (i.e., macroprolactinomas) were an independent predictor of long-term dependence on DAs.ConclusionsFirst-line surgery in patients with microprolactinomas or macroprolactinomas Knosp grade 0 resulted in a good chance of non-dependency on DA therapy. However, in patients with prolactinomas Knosp grade 1, first-line surgery cannot be recommended, as adjuvant DA therapy after surgery is required in the majority of them over the long term.
An Investigation on performance of the cut off wall and numerical analysis of seepage and pore water pressure of Eyvashan earth dam
Authors: Beiranvand Behrang , Komasi Mehdi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the most important issues in earth dams is the control rate of seepage from the foundation and dam bodies. Due to the site of the dams, to increase the creep length and reduce the seepage, there are several methods for sealing the reservoir of dams that construction of the cut-off wall under the clay core of the dams is one of the most effective methods. In this study, the seepage rate and pore water pressure of the Eyvashan earth dam, comparison of instrument results with the results of numerical analysis and, finally, the performance of the cut-off wall are investigated. According to the results of instrumental and numerical analysis, the maximum seepage rate in full reservoir conditions is equal to 831,604 m3/year. To fit the data of instrumentation and numerical analysis, multivariate regression was used and the coefficient of determination was used which R2 = 0.9892 and R2 = 0.9834, respectively, were obtained for seepage and pore water pressure. Very good agreement between the results of the observed data and the predicted data indicates the proper behavior of the dam in terms of pore water pressure. Also, due to the results of numerical simulation and instrumentation, the pore water pressure in the downstream part of the cut-off wall is suddenly dropped, which indicates the correct operation of the cut-off wall.
Semi-automated counting of complex varves through image autocorrelation
Authors: Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , Ito Emi , Shapley Mark , Brignone Guido 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnnual resolution sediment layers, known as varves, can provide continuous and high-resolution chronologies of sedimentary sequences. In addition, varve counting is not burdened with the high laboratory costs of geochronological analyses. Despite a more than 100-year history of use, many existing varve counting techniques are time consuming and difficult to reproduce. We present countMYvarves, a varve counting toolbox which uses sliding-window autocorrelation to count the number of repeated patterns in core scans or outcrop photos. The toolbox is used to build an annually-resolved record of sedimentation rates, which are depth-integrated to provide ages. We validate the model with repeated manual counts of a high sedimentation rate lake with biogenic varves (Herd Lake, USA) and a low sedimentation rate glacial lake (Lago Argentino, Argentina). In both cases, countMYvarves is consistent with manual counts and provides additional sedimentation rate data. The toolbox performs multiple simultaneous varve counts, enabling uncertainty to be quantified and propagated into the resulting age-depth model. The toolbox also includes modules to automatically exclude non-varved portions of sediment and interpolate over missing or disrupted sediment. CountMYvarves is open source, runs through a graphical user interface, and is available online for download for use on Windows, macOS or Linux at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4031811.
BEING CAYLEY AUTOMATIC IS CLOSED UNDER TAKING WREATH PRODUCT WITH VIRTUALLY CYCLIC GROUPS
Authors: BERDINSKY DMITRY , ELDER MURRAY , TABACK JENNIFER 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe extend work of Berdinsky and Khoussainov [‘Cayley automatic representations of wreath products’, International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science27(2) (2016), 147–159] to show that being Cayley automatic is closed under taking the restricted wreath product with a virtually infinite cyclic group. This adds to the list of known examples of Cayley automatic groups.
Late-life cynical hostility is associated with white matter alterations and the risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cyprien Fabienne , Berr Claudine , Maller Jerome J. , Meslin Chantal , Gentreau Mélissa , Mura Thibault , Gabelle Audrey , Courtet Philippe , Ritchie Karen , Ancelin Marie-Laure , Artero Sylvaine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCynical hostility (CH), a specific dimension of hostility that consists of a mistrust of others, has been suggested as a high-risk trait for dementia. However, the influence of CH on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether late-life CH is associated with AD risk and structural neuroimaging markers of AD.MethodsIn community-dwelling older adults from the French ESPRIT cohort (n = 1388), incident dementia rate according to CH level was monitored during an 8-year follow-up and analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Brain magnetic resonance imaging volumes were measured at baseline (n = 508). Using automated segmentation procedures (Freesurfer 6.0), the authors assessed brain grey and white volumes on all magnetic resonance imaging scans. They also measured white matter hyperintensities volumes using semi-automated procedures. Mean volumes according to the level of CH were compared using ANOVA.ResultsEighty-four participants developed dementia (32 with AD). After controlling for potential confounders, high CH was predictive of AD (HR 2.74; 95% CI 1.10–6.85; p = 0.030) and all dementia types are taken together (HR 2.30; 95% CI 1.10–4.80; p = 0.027). High CH was associated with white matter alterations, particularly smaller anterior corpus callosum volume (p < 0.01) after False Discovery Rate correction, but not with grey matter volumes.ConclusionsHigh CH in late life is associated with cerebral white matter alterations, designated as early markers of dementia, and higher AD risk. Identifying lifestyle and biological determinants related to CH could provide clues on AD physiopathology and avenues for prevention strategies.
Towards affinoid Duflo’s theorem I: twisted differential operators
Authors: STANCIU IOAN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor a commutative ring R, we define the notions of deformed Picard algebroids and deformed twisted differential operators on a smooth, separated, locally of finite type R-scheme and prove these are in a natural bijection. We then define the pullback of a sheaf of twisted differential operators that reduces to the classical definition when R = ℂ. Finally, for modules over twisted differential operators, we prove a theorem for the descent under a locally trivial torsor.
Public health response to an outbreak of SARS-CoV2 infection in a Barcelona prison
Authors: Marco A. , Gallego C. , Pérez-Cáceres V. , Guerrero R. A. , Sánchez-Roig M. , Sala-Farré R. M. , Fernández-Náger J. , Turu E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An outbreak of SARS-CoV2 infection in a Barcelona prison was studied. One hundred and forty-eight inmates and 36 prison staff were evaluated by rt-PCR, and 24.1% (40 prisoners, two health workers and four non-health workers) tested positive. In all, 94.8% of cases were asymptomatic. The inmates were isolated in prison module 4, which was converted into an emergency COVID unit. There were no deaths. Generalised screening and the isolation and evaluation of the people infected were key measures. Symptom-based surveillance must be supplemented by rapid contact-based monitoring in order to avoid asymptomatic spread among prisoners and the community at large.
Ordering the city: revolution, modernity and road renaming in Shanghai, 1949–1966
Authors: Howlett Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBetween 1949 and 1966, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)-led municipal government of Shanghai renamed more than one in seven of the city's roads. Renaming was an important marker of revolutionary change in China's largest and most foreign-influenced city. Road renaming in socialist China has been commonly understood to have been extensive. This article argues, however, that the nature and extent of renaming in socialist Shanghai was less dramatic than has been assumed. It demonstrates that renaming was not simply an iconoclastic process, but rather involved the pragmatic weighing of symbolic change against potential disruption. Further, it contends that renaming was driven by a desire to order the city, in line with the CCP's modernist worldview.
Association of Adult Socioeconomic Status with Body Mass Index: A Within- and Between-Twin Study
Authors: Crofts Samuel J. C. , Lam Janine , Scurrah Katrina J. , Dite Gillian S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdult socioeconomic status (SES) has been consistently associated with body mass index (BMI), but it is unclear whether it is linked to BMI independently of childhood SES or other potentially confounding factors. Twin studies can address this issue by implicitly controlling for childhood SES and unmeasured confounders. This co-twin control study used cross-sectional data from Twins Research Australia’s Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire (N= 1918 twin pairs). We investigated whether adult SES, as measured by both the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) and the Australian Socioeconomic Index 2006 (AUSEI06), was associated with BMI after controlling for factors shared by twins within a pair. The primary analysis was a linear mixed-effects model that estimated effects both within and between pairs. Between pairs, a 10-unit increase in AUSEI06 was associated with a 0.29 kg/m2decrease in BMI (95% CI [−.42, −.17],p< .001), and a 1-decile increase in IRSD was associated with a 0.26 kg/m2decrease in BMI (95% CI [−.35, −.17],p< .001). No association was observed within pairs. In conclusion, higher adult SES was associated with lower BMI between pairs, but no association was observed within pairs. Thus, the link between adult SES and BMI may be due to confounding factors common to twins within a pair.
A Technique for the Analysis of Radio Occultation Data to Retrieve Atmospheric Properties and Associated Uncertainties
Authors: Petricca Flavio , Cascioli Gael , Genova Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmong the techniques for atmospheric sounding, radio occultation enables an in depth investigation of vertical profiles from the ionosphere to the troposphere by measuring the radio frequency signal associated to the propagation medium. A precise characterization of the atmospheric layers requires a thorough processing of the raw radio tracking data to estimate the thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere and their related uncertainties. In this work, we present a method to retrieve refractivity, density, pressure, and temperature profiles with the associated uncertainties by analyzing a set of raw radio tracking data occulted by the atmosphere. This technique is also well suited to process two‐way Doppler measurements that are not acquired during dedicated occultation campaigns. The NASA mission Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) provided a significant amount of radio occultation data that were not planned for atmospheric sounding, but were caused by the spacecraft orbit geometry. Our analysis of one of these occultation profiles with the proposed method allows indicating that MRO occultation datasets provide crucial information regarding Mars’ troposphere that can be used as input of general circulation models.
Deep Learning for Daily Precipitation and Temperature Downscaling
Authors: Wang Fang , Tian Di , Lowe Lisa , Kalin Latif , Lehrter John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDownscaling is a critical step to bridge the gap between large‐scale climate information and local‐scale impact assessment. This study presents a novel deep learning approach: Super Resolution Deep Residual Network (SRDRN) for downscaling daily precipitation and temperature. This approach was constructed based on an advanced deep convolutional neural network with residual blocks and batch normalizations. The data augmentation technique was utilized to address overfitting that is due to highly imbalanced precipitation and nonprecipitation days and sparse precipitation extremes. Synthetic experiments were designed to downscale daily maximum/minimum temperature and precipitation data from coarse resolutions (25, 50, and 100 km) to a high resolution (4 km). The results showed that, during the validation period, the SRDRN approach not only captured the spatial and temporal patterns remarkably well, but also reproduced both precipitation and temperature extremes in different locations and time at the local scale. Through transfer learning, the trained SRDRN model in one region was directly applied to downscale precipitation in another region with a different environment, and the results showed notable improvement compared to classic statistical downscaling methods. The outstanding performance of the SRDRN approach stemmed from its ability to fully extract spatial features without suffering from degradation and overfitting issues due to the incorporations of residual blocks, batch normalizations, and data augmentations. The SRDRN approach is thus a powerful tool for downscaling daily precipitation and temperature and can potentially be leveraged to downscale any hydrologic, climate, and earth system data.
Using Volatile Element Concentration Profiles in Crystal‐Hosted Melt Embayments to Estimate Magma Decompression Rate: Assumptions and Inherited Errors
Authors: deGraffenried R. L. , Shea T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMagma decompression rate has profound impacts on volcanic eruption style as it determines the time available for most kinetic processes (e.g., volatile exsolution, crystal nucleation and growth) that influence the explosive‐effusive eruption transition. Thus, accurately quantifying decompression rate is a critical goal for understanding volcanic eruption dynamics. A recently developed technique uses crystal‐hosted pockets of melt that remain open to the host magma (melt embayments) to calculate an average decompression rate. Diffusion of volatile elements (e.g., H2O, CO2) out of the embayment during decompression creates “frozen” concentration gradients upon quenching that can be modeled to calculate the time needed to create the gradients. This geospeedometer is increasingly used, but inherent assumptions associated with the modeling and their impact on calculated decompression rates are poorly quantified. Therefore, we have conducted a numerical investigation to assess the impact of three common model simplifications pertaining to rhyolitic magmas: 1D diffusion models, equilibrium degassing, and isothermal decompression. We find that the greatest deviation between imposed and calculated decompression rates occur when 1D models are applied to “necked” embayments that have a constriction where the embayment joins with the far field melt. Simplifying to equilibrium degassing can also introduce modeling errors when disequilibrium conditions exist, though the prevalence of one or the other condition in nature is currently under debate. Assuming isothermal conditions introduces little error into modeled timescales. All of our modeling results are summarized into a list of best practices to minimize error in modeled timescales due to modeling assumptions.