bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 35: Gold Deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China
Authors: Qiu Kun-Feng , Goldfarb Richard J. , Deng Jun , Yu Hao-Cheng , Gou Zong-Yang , Ding Zheng-Jiang , Wang Zhao-Kun , Li Da-Peng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Jiaodong gold province, within the eastern margin of the North China block and the translated northeastern edge of the South China block, has a stated premining gold resource exceeding 4,500 metric tons (t). It is thus one of the world’s largest gold provinces, with a present cumulative annual production estimated at 60 t Au. More than 90% of the Jiaodong gold resource is hosted by batholiths and related bodies of the Linglong (ca. 160–145 Ma) and, to a lesser degree, Guojialing (ca. 130–122 Ma) suites. The intrusions were emplaced into high-grade metamorphic basement rocks of the Precambrian Jiaobei (North China block) and Sulu (South China block) terranes during a 70-m.y.-period of lithospheric delamination, extensional core complex formation, and exhumation. The deposits are located about 20 to 200 km to the east of the continental-scale NNE-striking Tancheng-Lujiang (Tan-Lu) strike-slip fault system. They occur along a series of more regional NNE- to NE-striking brittle and ductile-brittle faults, which appear to intersect the Tan-Lu main structure to the southwest. This system of early to middle Mesozoic regional thrust faults, reactivated during Cretaceous normal motion and ore formation, tends to occur along the margins of the main Linglong batholiths or between intrusions of the two suites of granitoids. Orebodies are mainly present as quartz-pyrite veins (Linglong-type) and as stockwork veinlets and disseminated mineralization (Jiaojia-type). The two mineralization styles are transitional and may be present within the same gold deposit. The ca. 120 Ma timing of gold mineralization correlates with major changes in plate kinematics in the Pacific Basin and the onset of seismicity along the Tan-Lu fault system, with the enormous fluid volumes and associated metal being derived from sediment devolatilization above the westerly subducting Izanagi slab.
Say my name! An empirical study on the pronounceability of identifier names
Authors: Gresta Remo , Cirilo Elder 
Published: September 2021

Identifiers represent approximately 2/3 of the elements in source code, and their names directly impact code comprehension. Indeed, intention-revealing names make code easier to understand, especially in code review sessions, where developers examine each other's code for mistakes. However, we argue that names should be understandable and pronounceable to enable developers to review and discuss code effectively. Therefore, we carried out an empirical study based on 40 open-source projects to explore the naming practices of developers concerning word complexity and pronounceability. We applied the Word Complexity Measure (WCM) to discover complex names; and analyzed the phonetic similarity among names and hard-to-pronounce English words. As a result, we observed that most of the analyzed names are somewhat composed of hard-to-pronounce words. The overall word complexity score of the projects also tends to be significant. Finally, the results show that the code location impacts the word complexity: names in small scopes tend to be simpler than names declared in large scopes.
Multi-functions of Protaetia brevitarsis surensis (PBS, Larvae for Food) Reported in South Korea
Authors: Cho Mi-So , Cho Young-Son 
Published: September 2021

Nowadays most people in advanced countries endangered under adult diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, inflammatory disease, human oxidation, and liver-related diseases. In South Korea also very serious situation for the adults and children by the changing from vegetable food to animal food and changed labor pattern from physical labor to mental labor.
We aim to review Protaetia brevitarsis surensis (PBS)’s beneficial multi-functions on human with research reports and verification of well-known common sense in South Korea, which was commonly known as medicinally very effective in liver related diseases. PBS larvae known as cold body characteristics, so, it more effective to Yang-in(Oriental physical constitution classification method: Warm body which Jinseng, Panax ginseng, not available people) than Um-in(Cool body- Jinseng available people). The functional effects mostly known effective on liver related diseases mainly by oriental clinic and as folk remedies. However, nowadays PBS larvae’s folk remedies and other multi-functions scientifically researched and that results verified by many papers such as whitening of skin therapeutic effects, prevention of breast cancer, inflammatory disease, human oxidation, and liver-related diseases. For the increasing of medicinal effects, advanced fermentation and ethanol extraction methods will be very useful compared to non-fermentation of PBS larvae and water extraction. So, we concluded that PBS could diminish or decreasing the adult diseases and it will be very useful food and medicinal materials simultaneously for the human food and medicine by the advanced extraction methods.
Phenological Study of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’ Rorke) Growing in Ihiala, Anambra State, South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Angela Ochia M. , U. Kenneth Ekwealor , N. Raphael Okigbo , F. Chisom Iroka 
Published: September 2021

Phenology refers to periodic biological phenomena that are correlated with climatic conditions. Very little is known about the phenological pattern of most tropical fruit trees especially in the South-East, Nigeria. The aim of this study was to provide a phenological data and baseline information on the phenology of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-lecomte ex O’Rorke). The study was conducted with exotic species at Ihiala, South-East, Nigeria, a tropical climate. The initiation and completion of different phenophases of the tree, such as budding, leafing, flowering, fruiting and ripening were recorded at 2 weeks interval. The combination of the principal growth stages and the secondary growth stages produced 2-digit codes, were used to delineate the time-dependent phenophases. The results showed that changes in the prevailing seasons influenced the vegetative phenophases in I. gabonensis. There are splashes of rains even in the supposed dry months. Hence, bud formation, leafing and leaf fall phenophases were overlapping all through the seasons. Flowering phenophase peaked by March/April with the coming of the rains. Also fruiting and ripening peaked by June/July respectively (rainy season). Thus the study has revealed that the major seasons in the area (rainy and dry seasons) influence the various phenophases in I. gabonensis. The study has equally revealed the phenological data and base line information on the phenology of I. gabonensis which will in the future serve as correlation between phenology and climate change in the area. The study has revealed that the phenology of I. gabonensis may not be stable or resilient since it is influenced by these changing seasons, little wonder then a shift in phenology is recorded in this study.
Development of a Snake Gourd Seed Decorticating Machine
Authors: Idowu D. O. , Owolarafe O. K. 
Published: September 2021

Aims: A snake gourd seeds sheller which comprises of hopper, decorticating chamber, and the cleaning chamber was designed, fabricated and evaluated in this study.
Methodology: A 3-level factorial response surface methodology (RSM) of design expert version 6.0.8 of 2002 was used to identify the relationship between the response functions and the process variables of the device. The factors considered are shaft speed (300, 350, 400 rpm), soaking time (8, 15, and 20 minutes.), hammer diameter (115, 135 and 150 mm) and feed rate (90, 120, 150 kg/hr.) in the determination of shelling efficiency while air speed (2, 4, and 6 m/s) and angle of air injection (20, 40, 600) were used in the determination of cleaning efficiency.
Results: The shelling efficiency was observed to increase with increase in hammer speed, hammer diameter and soaking time but decreased with increase in machine feed rate. The maximum shelling efficiency of 97.61% was recorded when the soaking time is 20 minutes, hammer speed is 400 rpm, hammer diameter is 150 mm and feeding rate is 90 kg/hr. The cleaning efficiency increases with increase in air speed and angle of air injection. The cleaning efficiency of the machine was found to be 92.5 % when the angle of injection and air speed is 600 and 5.0 m/s respectively. The effect of the speed and the angle of injection was found to be significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study concluded that with the result of the performance evaluation of the machine, it is suitable for inclusion in the process line for the seed and hence its potential could be harnessed.
Protective Effect of Gallic Acid against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High Fat Diet
Authors: Ismail Basma S. , Abdel-Reheim Eman S. , Soliman Hanan A. , Mahmoud Basant 
Published: September 2021

Liver is considered as significant organ within body. Aims: Our survey aimed in illustrating protective effectiveness of gallic acid (GA) against high fat regimen nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Study design: In our study, Rats were classified into 3 groups; control, orally given fatty-sucrosed diet, gallic acid treated groups. Methodology: They were evaluated through measuring hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and gammaglutamyl-transferase; total, direct and indirect bilirubin; total protein, albumin and globulin; hepatic and adipose malondialdehyde, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities; glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, leptin and adiponectin; tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-17 and interleukin-1beta; fatty acid synthase, acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-α and HMGCoA reductase. Results: Our results demonstrated that GA ameliorated the elevated lipid, serum liver function enzymes, bilirubin and the decreased L.glycogen levels and serum protein profile. GA improved the hepatic and adipose antioxidants activities by decreasing MDA and increasing GST, SOD, Cat, GSH and GPx activities. GA ameliorated the elevated Glu, INS, HOMA-IR, LEP and the decreased adiponectin levels. Moreover, GA ameliorated the elevated TNF-α, IL-17, IL-1β, FAS, ACC-α and HMGCR levels. Liver and adipose histopathologies confirmed our results.
Conclusion: Gallic acid intake exhibited a beneficial therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rats as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.
Opioids: Current Science
Authors: Talmage James B. , Snyder Robert B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Evidence shows that chronic opioid therapy is usually not beneficial; weaning patients off opioids many times results in less pain and better function, and opioid-induced hyperalgesia is real and frequent. Further evidence suggests that surgical outcomes are better if patients are weaned off opioids before surgery, and that the chronic use of opioids may adversely alter the assessment of maximum medical improvement (MMI).
Fictibacillus
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFic.ti.ba.cil'lus. L. masc. adj.fictus, false; L. masc. n.bacillus, a rod and also a bacterial generic name; N.L. masc. n.Fictibacillus, falseBacillus.Firmicutes / Alphaproteobacteria / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / FictibacillusCells of species of the genusFictibacillusstain Gram‐stain‐positive or Gram‐variable. Morphologically rods (0.5–1 × 2–5 μm), often found in chains. Spores are spherical to ellipsoidal and located either centrally or terminally, sometimes subterminally. Spore formation can be very sparse. Colonies appear circular and slightly irregular, smooth, glossy or sometimes matt, flat, butyrous, creamy to yellowish white, and almost opaque on nutrient‐rich media. Facultatively anaerobic and catalase‐negative. The polyamine pattern of the type species consists predominantly of spermidine and spermine. The major quinone is menaquinone MK‐7. The polar lipid profile is composed of the major compounds DPG, PG, and PE. Glycolipids are absent. The fatty acid profile comprises mainly iso‐ and anteiso‐branched fatty acids. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan is meso‐diaminopimelic acid.DNA G + C content (mol%): 39.9–46.9.Type species:Fictibacillus barbaricusGlaeser et al. 2013VP(basonym:Bacillus barbaricusTäubel et al. 2003VP).
Jatrophihabitans
Authors: Carro Lorena , Trujillo Martha E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Ja.tro.phi.ha'bi.tans. N.L. fem. n.
Jatropha
scientific name of a botanical genus; L. pres. part.
habitans
inhabiting; N.L. part. adj. used as a masc. n.
Jatrophihabitans
inhabitant of
Jatropha
.

Actinobacteria / Actinomycetia / Jatrophihabitantales / Jatrophihabitantaceae / Jatrophihabitans

Gram‐stain‐positive, nonmotile, and nonsporulated rods. Aerobic, catalase‐positive, and oxidase‐negative. Strains have been isolated from plant tissues and different kinds of soils.
Jatrophihabitans
strains grow well on R2A agar between 20 and 30°C and pH 6–8. Peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinones are MK‐9(H
4
) and MK‐9(H
6
); in addition, MK‐9(H
8
) may also be present. The main polar lipid is diphosphatidylglycerol, while phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol polymannosides, and several unidentified glycolipids, glycophospholipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids, aminolipids, and lipids may occur. The predominant fatty acid is iso‐C
16:0
. The other major fatty acids found in some strains include anteiso‐C
17:0
, C
17:1
ω6
c
, C
17:1
ω8
c
, C
18:1
ω9
c
, C
15:0
, C
16:0
, and C
17:0
. Phylogenetically, a member of the family
Jatrophihabitantaceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 68–73.

Type species
:
Jatrophihabitans endophyticus
Madhaiyan et al. 2013
VP
.
Pararhodospirillum
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref.para‐, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n.Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n.Pararhodospirillum, resemblingRhodospirillum.Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / PararhodospirillumPararhodospirillumspecies are spiral‐shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of theRhodospirillaceaefamily. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyllaand carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone‐9 and rhodoquinone‐9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required.DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA).Type species:Pararhodospirillum photometricumLakshmi et al. 2014VP(basonym:Rhodospirillum photometricumMolisch 1907AL).
Methylicorpusculum
Authors: Saidi‐Mehrabad Alireza , Dunfield Peter F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Me.thy.li.cor.pus'cu.lum. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
, the methyl residue; L. neut. n.
corpusculum
, a small body; N.L. neut. n.
Methylicorpusculum
, a methyl (residue)‐using small body.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylococcales / Methylococcaceae / Chelativorans

The genus
Methylicorpusculum
accommodates aerobic obligate methane‐oxidizing bacteria that are capable of growing at pH of 6.5–8.4 (optimum 8.0). At present, this genus comprises one characterized representative. A draft genome sequence of the type strain (
M. oleiharenae
XLMV4
T
) is available. Cells are beige to yellow‐pigmented Gram‐negative coccobacilli and are motile via a single polar flagellum. Growth occurs only on methane (CH
4
) and methanol (CH
3
OH). Cells possess particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO), and carbon is assimilated via the ribulose monophosphate pathway (RuMP). An extensive intracytoplasmic membrane system similar in arrangement to that of other gammaproteobacterial (Type I) methanotrophs is present. The genus
Methylicorpusculum
is phylogenetically associated with the class
Gammaproteobacteria
, family
Methylococcaceae
, and includes a single species,
Methylicorpusculum oleiharenae
. The only known habitat for these bacteria is an oil sands tailings pond in Northern Alberta, Canada.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.7 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Methylicorpusculum oleiharenae
Saidi‐Mehrabad et al. 2020
VP
.
Conquering the Hypoxia Limitation for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wan Yilin , Fu Lian‐Hua , Li Chunying , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused great research interest in recent years owing to its high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However, due to the hypoxic nature characteristic of many solid tumors, PDT is frequently limited in therapeutic effect. Moreover, the consumption of O2 during PDT may further aggravate the tumor hypoxic condition, which promotes tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion resulting in poor prognosis of treatment. Therefore, numerous efforts have been made to increase the O2 content in tumor with the goal of enhancing PDT efficacy. Herein, these strategies developed in past decade are comprehensively reviewed to alleviate tumor hypoxia, including 1) delivering exogenous O2 to tumor directly, 2) generating O2 in situ, 3) reducing tumor cellular O2 consumption by inhibiting respiration, 4) regulating the TME, (e.g., normalizing tumor vasculature or disrupting tumor extracellular matrix), and 5) inhibiting the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) signaling pathway to relieve tumor hypoxia. Additionally, the O2‐independent Type‐I PDT is also discussed as an alternative strategy. By reviewing recent progress, it is hoped that this review will provide innovative perspectives in new nanomaterials designed to combat hypoxia and avoid the associated limitation of PDT.
Fluorescent Nanozeolite Receptors for the Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Neurotransmitters in Water and Biofluids
Authors: Grimm Laura M. , Sinn Stephan , Krstić Marjan , D'Este Elisa , Sonntag Ivo , Prasetyanto Eko Adi , Kuner Thomas , Wenzel Wolfgang , De Cola Luisa , Biedermann Frank 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe design and preparation of synthetic binders (SBs) applicable for small biomolecule sensing in aqueous media remains very challenging. SBs designed by the lock‐and‐key principle can be selective for their target analyte but usually show an insufficient binding strength in water. In contrast, SBs based on symmetric macrocycles with a hydrophobic cavity can display high binding affinities but generally suffer from indiscriminate binding of many analytes. Herein, a completely new and modular receptor design strategy based on microporous hybrid materials is presented yielding zeolite‐based artificial receptors (ZARs) which reversibly bind the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine with unprecedented affinity and selectivity even in saline biofluids. ZARs are thought to uniquely exploit both the non‐classical hydrophobic effect and direct non‐covalent recognition motifs, which is supported by in‐depth photophysical, and calorimetric experiments combined with full atomistic modeling. ZARs are thermally and chemically robust and can be readily prepared at gram scales. Their applicability for the label‐free monitoring of important enzymatic reactions, for (two‐photon) fluorescence imaging, and for high‐throughput diagnostics in biofluids is demonstrated. This study showcases that artificial receptor based on microporous hybrid materials can overcome standing limitations of synthetic chemosensors, paving the way towards personalized diagnostics and metabolomics.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic–Organic Isoporous Membranes with Tunable Pore Sizes and Functionalities for Molecular Separation
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Simon Assaf , Abetz Clarissa , Held Martin , Höhme Anke‐Lisa , Schneider Erik S. , Segal‐Peretz Tamar , Abetz Volker 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccomplishing on‐demand molecular separation with a high selectivity and good permeability is very desirable for pollutant removal and chemical and pharmaceutical processing. The major challenge for sub‐10 nm filtration of particles and molecules is the fabrication of high‐performance membranes with tunable pore size and designed functionality. Here, a versatile top‐down approach is demonstrated to produce such a membrane using isoporous block copolymer membranes with well‐defined pore sizes combined with growth of metal oxide using sequential infiltration synthesis and atomic layer deposition (SIS and ALD). The pore size of the membranes is tuned by controlled metal oxide growth within and onto the polymer channels, enabling up to twofold pore diameter reduction. Following the growth, the distinct functionalities are readily incorporated along the membrane nanochannels with either hydrophobic, cationic, or anionic groups via straightforward and scalable gas/liquid–solid interface reactions. The hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the membrane nanochannel is significantly changed by the introduction of hydrophilic metal oxide and hydrophobic fluorinated groups. The functionalized membranes exhibit a superior selectivity and permeability in separating 1–2 nm organic molecules and fractionating similar‐sized proteins based on size, charge, and hydrophobicity. This demonstrates the great potential of organic–inorganic–organic isoporous membranes for high‐performance molecular separation in numerous applications.
High‐Strength Flexible Membrane with Rational Pore Architecture as a Selective Radiator for High‐Efficiency Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Wang Jing , Sun Junyu , Guo Taotao , Zhang Hao , Xie Min , Yang Junbo , Jiang Xinpeng , Chu Zengyong , Liu Dongqing , Bai Shuxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPassive daytime radiative cooling, a cooling strategy with no energy consumption, has attracted significant attention as a supplement to traditional active energy cooling techniques. However, realizing a practicable radiator with excellent spectral selectivity and strength via facile, scalable, and economical manufacturing remains a challenge. In this study, a spray‐phase‐separation strategy that utilizes spray and high‐speed airflow to regulate the phase evolution kinetics during the evaporation‐induced phase separation process for rational pore architecture is proposed. The fabricated poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropene) based flexible hierarchically porous complex membrane (FHPCM) shows an excellent spectral selectivity with an average reflectance of 97.2% and 52.9% in 0.24–2.5 and 2.5–8 µm wavelength range, respectively. In addition, FHPCM demonstrates an average emittance of 93.5% in the atmospheric window with an effective thickness of 313 µm, thus realizing a sub‐ambient radiative cooling of 14.9 °C and an inaccurate noontime radiative cooling power of 100 W m−2 under an average solar intensity of ≈1250 W m−2. Outdoor applications further confirm the excellent capacity of FHPCM for cooling cars and buildings, with a maximum Tcooling of 7.4 °C. In addition, the economical FHPCM possesses good strength (64.6 MPa), flexibility, hydrophobicity, and weatherability.