bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Hydrated Paramagnetic Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Nanoclusters as a Superior MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Dong Liang , Xu Yun-Jun , Sui Cong , Zhao Yang , Mao Li-Bo , Gebauer Denis , Rosenberg Rose , Avaro Jonathan , Wu Ya-Dong , Gao Huai-Ling , Pan Zhao , Wen Hui-Qin , Yan Xu , Li Fei , Lu Yang , Coelfen Helmut , Yu Shu-Hong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) plays a key role as transient precursor in the early stages of biogenic calcium carbonate formation in nature. However, due to its instability in aqueous solution, there is still rare success to utilize ACC in biomedicine. Here, we report the mutual effect between paramagnetic gadolinium ions and ACC, resulting in ultrafine paramagnetic amorphous carbonate nanoclusters (ACNC) in the presence of both gadolinium occluded highly hydrated ACC-like environment and poly(acrylic acid). Gadolinium is confirmed to enhance the water content in ACC, and the high water content of ACNC (23 molecules H2O per 1 Gd) contributes to the much enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast efficiency compared with commercially available gadolinium-based contrast agents. Furthermore, the enhanced T1 weighted MRI performance and biocompatibility of ACNC are further evaluated in various animals including rat, rabbit and beagle dog, in combination with promising safety in vivo. Overall, exceptionally facile mass-productive ACNC exhibits superb imaging performance and impressive stability, which provides a promising strategy to design MR contrast agents.
Abemaciclib Plus Fulvestrant in Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women: Subgroup Analysis From the MONARCH 2 Trial
Authors: Neven Patrick , Rugo Hope S , Tolaney Sara M , Iwata Hiroji , Toi Masakazu , Goetz Matthew P , Kaufman Peter A , Lu Yi , Haddad Nadine , Hurt Karla C , Sledge George W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: In MONARCH 2, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant significantly improved median progression-free survival (PFS, 16.4 vs 9.3 months, hazard ratio [HR], 0.553) and overall survival (OS, 46.7 vs 37.3 months; HR, 0.757) compared with placebo plus fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive (HR-positive), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-negative) advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients who were endocrine therapy (ET) resistant, regardless of menopausal status. Here, we report findings in the premenopausal subgroup of the MONARCH 2 trial. Methods: The premenopausal subgroup included patients with natural menstrual bleeding who received a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist at least 4 weeks prior to study treatment start date and for the entire study duration. Of the 669 patients enrolled in the MONARCH 2 trial, 114 were premenopausal (abemaciclib plus fulvestrant, n=72; placebo plus fulvestrant, n=42), and were included in this analysis. The primary objective was investigator-assessed PFS and secondary objectives were OS, objective response rate, and safety and tolerability. Exploratory analyses included time to second disease progression (PFS2), time to chemotherapy (TTC), and chemotherapy-free survival (CFS). Results: At the primary objective cutoff (14 February, 2017), median PFS was not reached for the abemaciclib plus fulvestrant arm versus 10.52 months for the placebo plus fulvestrant arm (HR, 0.415; 95% CI, 0.246-0.698). At the pre-specified OS interim cutoff (20 June, 2019), median PFS was 28.6 months in the abemaciclib plus fulvestrant arm compared with 10.26 months in the placebo plus fulvestrant arm (HR, 0.477; 95% CI, 0.302-0.755). OS benefit was observed in the abemaciclib plus fulvestrant compared to fulvestrant alone (HR, 0.689; 95% CI, 0.379-1.252, median, not reached vs 47.3 months). Improvements were also observed for the exploratory outcomes of PFS2 (HR, 0.599), TTC (HR, 0.674), and CFS (HR, 0.642) with the addition of abemaciclib to fulvestrant. The safety profile was generally consistent with results disclosed previously. Conclusions: Results of the premenopausal subgroup in the MONARCH 2 trial were consistent with the improved clinical outcomes observed in the intent-to-treat population. The analysis provides support for the use of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant (with ovarian suppression) as an effective treatment option for premenopausal patients with HR+, HER2- ABC who are ET-resistant. Clinical trial registration: NCT02107703. Registered 08 April 2014- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02107703
Simulation Research and Application on Response Characteristics of Detecting Water-filled Goaf by Transient Electromagnetic Method
Authors: Qi Tingye , Pei Xiaoming , Feng Guorui , Wei Huiru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Water inrush disasters poses a great threat to the safe exploitation of coal resources. To solve this problem, the transient electromagnetic method(TEM) was proposed to accurately detect the water accumulation in the goaf. The electromagnetic response characteristics of different water-filled goaves were studied by electromagnetic field theory, numerical simulation and field verification. Through the models of 100% water accumulation, 50% water accumulation, 0% water accumulation, 100% water accumulation with collapsed rock, 50% water accumulation with collapsed rock and 0% water accumulation with collapsed rock goaf, the characteristics of induced voltage attenuation curves were studied. Meanwhile, the relationship between the attenuation voltage value and area of the transmitting coil and the depth of the goaf were also simulated. The results illustrate that the attenuation curve of induced voltage presented a regular exponential decay form in the 0% water accumulation model but existed abnormal exaltation for voltage in water-filled model. Through the linear fitting curve, it can be seen that the abnormal intensity of the induced voltage becomes stronger as the distance between the measuring point and the center of the target decrement. Moreover, the abnormal amplitude of the induced voltage increases with the rise of the water accumulation and collapsed rock will weakly reduce the low-resistance anomalous effect on the water-accumulated goaf. In addition, the response value of the attenuation voltage increased in second-order as the area of the transmitting coil increases, but decreased in third-order as the depth of the target body increases. The field detection results of the Majiliang coal mine also confirmed the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation. The conclusions had important guiding significance for accurate detection of coal mine goaf.
Ruxolitinib Versus Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19: Multicenter Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Stanevich Oksana Vladimirovna , Fomina Daria S. , Bakulin Igor G. , Galeev Shamil I. , Bakin Evgeny A. , Belash Vasilii A. , Kulikov Alexandr N. , Lebedeva Alexandra A. , Lioznov Dmitry A. , Polushin Yury S. , Shlyk Irina V. , Vorobyev Evgeny A. , Vorobyeva Snezhana V. , Surovceva Tatyana V. , Bakulina Natalya V. , Lysenko Mar'yana A. , Moiseev Ivan Sergeevich 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Several anti-cytokine therapies were tested in the randomized trials in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19). Previously, dexamethasone demonstrated the reduction of mortality in hospitalized patients with a respiratory failure. In this matched control study we compared dexamethasone to a Janus kinase inhibitor, ruxolitinib.
Methods
The study included 146 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and oxygen support requirement. The control group was selected 1:1 from 1355 dexamethasone-treated patients and was matched by 29 clinical and laboratory parameters predicting survival.
Results
Ruxolitinib treatment in the general cohort of patients was associated with equivalent to dexamethasone mortality rate: 9,6% (95% CI 4,6–14,6%) vs 13,0% (95% CI 7,5–18,5%, superiority p = 0.35, non-inferiority p = 0.0137), respectively. Median time to discharge without oxygen support requirement was also not different between these groups: 13 vs. 11 days (p = 0.13). Subgroup analysis without adjustment for multiple comparisons demonstrated reduced mortality in ruxolitnib-treated patients with febrile fever (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.11-1.00). Except higher incidence of grade 1 thrombocytopenia (37% vs 23%, p = 0.042), ruxolitinib therapy was associated with better safety profile due to reduced rate of severe cardiovascular adverse events (6.8% vs 15%, p = 0.025).
Conclusions
Ruxolitinib may be an alternative anti-cytokine therapy with comparable efficacy in patients with potential risks of steroid administration. Patients with febrile fever at admission may benefit from ruxolitinib administration.
Hydrazine-nitrate combustion synthesis of BaCeO3 preceramic powders: structure, morphology and thermophysical properties
Authors: Tenevich Maksim , Shevchik Andrey Pavlovich , Popkov Vadim Igorevich 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the present work, preceramic nanocrystallite barium cerate (BaCeO3) was successfully synthesized using the hydrazine-nitrate combustion method. Using carbon-free hydrazine (N2H4) as fuel significantly reduced the formation of carbon by-products. Characterization of the as-received powders was performed by XRD, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA-TGA) and adsorption-structural analysis (N2, 77 K). Thermophysical properties of the sample annealed at 1000 °С were investigated using laser flash analysis (LFA) in the temperature interval of 1000 °С. As a result of a comprehensive study, the sequence of chemical and phase transformations that lead to the formation of BaCeO3 with a rhombic structure (Pnma, a = 6.2145 Å, b = 8.7776 Å, c = 6.2337 Å) during the thermal processing of combustion products was investigated. It was established that the average size of the obtained nanocrystals is 38 ± 3 nm and that they form micron-sized agglomerates with a specific surface area of the powder of 4.8 m2/g. It was shown that the sintered sample of BaCeO3 is characterized by thermal diffusivity values of 0.28 to 0.20 mm2/s and thermal conductivity values of 0.41 to 0.35 W/mK, depending on temperature. These results, given the impact of porosity on the sample (~ 40%), show very good agreement with the thermophysical characteristics of densely sintered ceramics based on BaCeO3 – a solid oxide electrolyte SOFC. Consequently, the proposed method of hydrazine-nitrate synthesis of BaCeO3 presents itself as a promising approach to obtaining preceramic powders and ceramics in the area of SOFC.
Gold speciation in hydrothermal fluids revealed by in situ high energy resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Pokrovski Gleb S. , Desmaele Elsa , Laskar Clément , Bazarkina Elena F. , Testemale Denis , Hazemann Jean-Louis , Vuilleumier Rodolphe , Seitsonen Ari Paavo , Ferlat Guillaume , Saitta Antonino Marco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gold mobilization, transfer, and concentration in the Earth’s crust are controlled by hydrothermal sulfur- and chloride-bearing fluids. Yet the exact chemical identity, structure, and stability of Au-bearing species and, in particular, the respective contributions of the sulfide (HS−) and trisulfur ion (S3⋅−) ligands to Au transport lack direct in situ evidence. Here we employed high energy resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) on aqueous sulfate/sulfide/S3⋅−-bearing solutions at typical hydrothermal temperatures and pressures (T = 350 °C, P = 600 bar) to reveal differences in dissolved Au spectral signatures indicative of contrasting fluid-phase Au speciation as a function of acidity and redox conditions. Combined with in situ Au solubility measurements and quantum-chemical and thermodynamic modeling, our spectroscopic data provide direct evidence for the Au(HS)S3− and Au(HS)2− complexes predominant at acidic-to-neutral and alkaline conditions, respectively. Our findings thus directly confirm a recent speciation scheme for Au in aqueous S-bearing fluids established using less direct methods, and highlight an important role of the trisulfur ion in gold mobilization and concentration in hydrothermal-magmatic deposits associated with subduction zones. More generally, our results show that HERFD-XAS enables the identification of structural and coordination features in metal complexes virtually unresolvable using classical XAS techniques. By avoiding limitations of less direct techniques, our integrated high-resolution spectroscopic approach opens perspectives for studies of the speciation and solubility of gold and other metals in high T-P fluids, and potentially silicate melts, inaccessible to direct observation in nature.
Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols in PEG-400 as a Green and Efficient
Solvent and Theoretical Study of their Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Rezaeipour Marjan , Tikdari Ahmad Momeni , Khabazzadeh Hojatollah , Saheb Vahid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
An efficient synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols from the multicomponent reaction of 2-
naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and benzamide derivatives using PEG-400 as an environmentally
friendly solvent is described. The main advantage of this protocol is that the benzamide derivatives
with low reactivity, such as 4-nitro benzamide, can react effectively.
Also, the molecular structure, IR, and 13C NMR spectra of the synthesized compounds are also investigated
theoretically. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP level of theory
are carried out to locate optimized geometries and calculate vibrational normal modes and 13C
NMR chemical shifts. These calculations enable us to assign the observed FT-IR and 13C NMR
peaks to the corresponding vibrational motions and 13C atoms, respectively.
Clinical Utility and Functionality of an Artificial Intelligence–Based App to Predict Mortality in COVID-19: Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Abdulaal Ahmed , Patel Aatish , Al-Hindawi Ahmed , Charani Esmita , Alqahtani Saleh A , Davies Gary W , Mughal Nabeela , Moore Luke Stephen Prockter 
Published: June 2021

Background
The artificial neural network (ANN) is an increasingly important tool in the context of solving complex medical classification problems. However, one of the principal challenges in leveraging artificial intelligence technology in the health care setting has been the relative inability to translate models into clinician workflow.

Objective
Here we demonstrate the development of a COVID-19 outcome prediction app that utilizes an ANN and assesses its usability in the clinical setting.

Methods
Usability assessment was conducted using the app, followed by a semistructured end-user interview. Usability was specified by effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction measures. These data were reported with descriptive statistics. The end-user interview data were analyzed using the thematic framework method, which allowed for the development of themes from the interview narratives. In total, 31 National Health Service physicians at a West London teaching hospital, including foundation physicians, senior house officers, registrars, and consultants, were included in this study.

Results
All participants were able to complete the assessment, with a mean time to complete separate patient vignettes of 59.35 (SD 10.35) seconds. The mean system usability scale score was 91.94 (SD 8.54), which corresponds to a qualitative rating of “excellent.” The clinicians found the app intuitive and easy to use, with the majority describing its predictions as a useful adjunct to their clinical practice. The main concern was related to the use of the app in isolation rather than in conjunction with other clinical parameters. However, most clinicians speculated that the app could positively reinforce or validate their clinical decision-making.

Conclusions
Translating artificial intelligence technologies into the clinical setting remains an important but challenging task. We demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, and system usability of a web-based app designed to predict the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 from an ANN.
Implementing Home Office Work at a Large Psychiatric University Hospital in Switzerland During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Field Report
Authors: Krückl Jana Sophia , Moeller Julian , Gaupp Rainer , Meier Christoph E , Roth Carl Bénédict , Lang Undine Emmi , Huber Christian G 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, psychiatric hospitals all over the world had to adapt their services to the prevailing governmental regulations. As a consequence, home office use and telepsychiatry boomed.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of home office use, its adoption, and the association of home office use with employees’ mental health in a large psychiatric university hospital in Switzerland.MethodsWe obtained and analyzed home office implementation and use data from the psychiatric university hospital’s information technology services. We also conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey to assess the employees’ attitudes toward the clinic’s crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. Part of this web-based survey consisted of questions about home office use between March and June 2020, attitudes toward home office implementation, and mental health. Three mental health measures assessed depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]–2), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder [GAD]–2), and stress factors (stress module of the PHQ-D); a cut-off score ≥3 was used for the PHQ-2 and GAD-2.ResultsOf the 200 participating employees, 69 reported that they had worked from home at least partially (34.5%). Home office use differed significantly across professional groups (χ162=72.72, P≤.001, n=200). Employees experienced neither depressive symptoms (mean 0.76, SD 1.14) nor anxiety (mean 0.70, SD 1.03). The employees reported minor psychosocial stressors (mean 2.83, SD 2.92). The number of reported stress factors varied significantly across groups with different levels of home office use (χ42=9.72, P=.04).ConclusionsIn general, home office implementation appears to be feasible for large psychiatric hospitals, however, it is not equally feasible for all professional groups. Professional groups that require personal contact with patients and technical or manual tasks must work onsite. Further evaluation of home office use in psychiatric hospitals up to the development of clinics that function merely online will follow in future research. The situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic served as a stepping stone to promote home office use and should be used to improve employees’ work–life balance, to save employers costs and foster other benefits.
Severe Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates
Authors: Hingorani Sangeeta , Schmicker Robert H. , Brophy Patrick D. , Heagerty Patrick J. , Juul Sandra E. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Askenazi David ,   on behalf of PENUT Investigators
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives
AKI is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. Questions remain about the frequency and timing of AKI, and whether AKI is a cause of death in extremely low gestational age neonates.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The Recombinant Erythropoietin for Protection of Infant Kidney Disease Study examines the kidney outcomes of extremely low gestational age neonates enrolled in the Preterm Epo Neuroprotection study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human erythropoietin. We included 900 of 941 patients enrolled in Preterm Epo Neuroprotection. Baseline characteristics were compared by primary exposure (severe AKI versus none/stage 1 AKI) using unadjusted logistic regression models. Cox regression models estimated the relationship between severe AKI and death after adjustment for potential confounders. Time-dependent AKI was modeled as a binary outcome and a categorical variable by stage of AKI. We fit Cox models using time-dependent AKI status lagged by <7 days before death. Landmark analyses examined the relationship of death with development of severe AKI.

Results
Severe AKI occurred in 168 of 900 (19%, 95% confidence interval, 17% to 20%) neonates, and stage 3 AKI occurred in 60 (7%, 95% confidence interval, 5% to 8%). Stage 3 AKI occurring 7 days before death (hazard ratio, 3.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 11.96), intraventricular hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 3.99) and sepsis (hazard ratio, 2.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 7.22) were all independently associated with death. Severe AKI occurring 7 days before death (hazard ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 5.26) was associated with death but not statistically significant. In a landmark analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, late (after day 14 and before day 28) severe AKI was strongly associated with higher hazard of death (hazard ratio, 4.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.82 to 11.5).

Conclusions
Severe AKI occurs frequently in extremely low gestational age neonates. Stage 3 AKI is associated with mortality, and this association is present 7 days before death.
Reliability and Validity of the Patient Activation Measure in Kidney Disease: Results of Rasch Analysis
Authors: Lightfoot Courtney J. , Wilkinson Thomas J. , Memory Katherine E. , Palmer Jared , Smith Alice C. 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives
Despite the increasing prioritization of the promotion of patient activation in nephrology, its applicability to people with CKD is not well established. Before the Patient Activation Measure is universally adopted for use in CKD, it is important to critically evaluate this measure. The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the Patient Activation Measure in CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A survey containing the 13-item Patient Activation Measure was completed by 942 patients with CKD, not treated with dialysis. Data quality was assessed by mean, item response, missing values, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and average interitem correlation), and item-rest correlations. Rasch modeling was used to assess item performance and scaling (item statistics, person and item reliability, rating scale diagnostics, factorial test of residuals, and differential item functioning).

Results
The item response was high, with a small number of missing values (<1%). Floor effect was small (range 1%–5%), but the ceiling effect was above 15% for nine items (range 15%–38%). The Patient Activation Measure demonstrated good internal consistency overall (Cronbach α=0.925, and average interitem correlation 0.502). The difficulty of the Patient Activation Measure items ranged from −0.90 to 0.86. Differential item functioning was found for disease type (item 3) and age (item 12). The person separation index was 9.48 and item separation index was 3.21.

Conclusions
The 13-item Patient Activation Measure appears to be a suitably reliable and valid instrument for assessing patient activation in CKD. In the absence of a kidney-specific instrument, our results support the 13-item Patient Activation Measure as a promising measure to assess activation in those with CKD, although consideration for several items is warranted. The high ceiling effect may be a problem when using the 13-item Patient Activation Measure to measure changes over time.