bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide-angle effects on galaxy ellipticity correlations
Authors: Shiraishi Maresuke , Taruya Atsushi , Okumura Teppei , Akitsu Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We show an efficient way to compute wide-angle or all-sky statistics of galaxy intrinsic alignment in three-dimensional configuration space. For this purpose, we expand the two-point correlation function using a newly introduced spin-dependent tripolar spherical harmonic basis. Therefore, the angular dependencies on the two line of sight (LOS) directions pointing to each pair of objects, which are degenerate with each other in the conventional analysis under the small-angle or plane-parallel (PP) approximation, are unambiguously decomposed. By means of this, we, for the first time, compute the wide-angle auto and cross correlations between intrinsic ellipticities, number densities, and velocities of galaxies and compare them with the PP-limit results. For the ellipticity−ellipticity and density−ellipticity correlations, we find more than $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ deviation from the PP-limit results if the opening angle between two LOS directions exceeds 30°−50°. It is also shown that even if the PP-limit result is strictly zero, the non-vanishing correlation is obtained over the various scales, arising purely from the curved-sky effects. Our results indicate the importance of the data analysis not relying on the PP approximation in order to determine the cosmological parameters more precisely and/or find new physics via ongoing and forthcoming wide-angle galaxy surveys.
Genome-wide methylation profiling of glioblastoma cell-derived extracellular vesicle DNA allows tumor classification
Authors: Maire Cecile L , Fuh Marceline M , Kaulich Kerstin , Fita Krystian D , Stevic Ines , Heiland Dieter H , Welsh Joshua A , Jones Jennifer C , Görgens André , Ricklefs Tammo , Dührsen Lasse , Sauvigny Thomas , Joosse Simon A , Reifenberger Guido , Pantel Klaus , Glatzel Markus , Miklosi Andras G , Felce James H , Caselli Marco , Pereno Valerio , Reimer Rudolph , Schlüter Hartmut , Westphal Manfred , Schüller Ulrich , Lamszus Katrin , Ricklefs Franz L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling has recently been developed into a tool that allows tumor classification in central nervous system tumors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by tumor cells and contain high molecular weight DNA, rendering EVs a potential biomarker source to identify tumor subgroups, stratify patients and monitor therapy by liquid biopsy. We investigated whether the DNA in glioblastoma cell-derived EVs reflects genome-wide tumor methylation and mutational profiles and allows noninvasive tumor subtype classification.

Methods
DNA was isolated from EVs secreted by glioblastoma cells as well as from matching cultured cells and tumors. EV-DNA was localized and quantified by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. Methylation and copy number profiling was performed using 850k arrays. Mutations were identified by targeted gene panel sequencing. Proteins were differentially quantified by mass spectrometric proteomics.

Results
Genome-wide methylation profiling of glioblastoma-derived EVs correctly identified the methylation class of the parental cells and original tumors, including the MGMT promoter methylation status. Tumor-specific mutations and copy number variations (CNV) were detected in EV-DNA with high accuracy. Different EV isolation techniques did not affect the methylation profiling and CNV results. DNA was present inside EVs and on the EV surface. Proteome analysis did not allow specific tumor identification or classification but identified tumor-associated proteins that could potentially be useful for enriching tumor-derived circulating EVs from biofluids.

Conclusions
This study provides proof of principle that EV-DNA reflects the genome-wide methylation, CNV, and mutational status of glioblastoma cells and enables their molecular classification.
Health Risks of Kretek Cigarettes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nuryunarsih Desy , Lewis Sarah , Langley Tessa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The objective of this study is review the evidence on the health risks associated with smoking kretek cigarettes compared with not smoking or smoking regular cigarettes.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search in five electronic databases: EMBASE (Ovid), ASSIA, PubMed and Scopus. Since kretek use is largely restricted to Indonesia, we identified additional studies using an online search for grey literature and studies in Indonesian journals and the National Library of Indonesia. We included relevant search terms in English (“kretek” and “clove cigarettes”) and Bahasa (“rokok” and “merokok”). We selected studies which compared any health outcome between smokers of kretek cigarettes and non-smokers or smokers of regular cigarettes. We included studies in any smokers compared to non-smokers in Indonesia, since most Indonesian smokers use kretek, but analysed these separately. Study data were extracted by a single reviewer and checked by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results
We identified 32 studies, all from Indonesia. There were 31 cross-sectional studies and one case control study. This systematic review identified a relatively limited number of studies, and most of these were of poor quality as assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa score. They were generally cross-sectional, small and lacking justification for sample size, had high potential for selection bias because of lack of data on non-respondents or those lost to follow up, and missing information about the statistical analysis. Fourteen studies looked specifically at kretek exposure and eighteen looked at any type of cigarette exposure but were conducted in Indonesia are therefore likely to predominantly reflect kretek exposure. Kretek were found to be associated with oral cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic health disease, myocardial infarction, asthma, and oral diseases.

Conclusions
Although existing studies are of poor quality, kretek are likely to be at least as harmful as regular cigarettes.
Facial Emotion Recognition and Executive Functions in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Muñoz Ladrón de Guevara Cristina , Reyes del Paso Gustavo A , Fernández-Serrano María José , Duschek Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
The ability to accurately identify facial expressions of emotions is crucial in human interaction. Although a previous study suggested deficient emotional face recognition in patients with fibromyalgia, not much is known about the origin of this impairment. Against this background, the present study investigated the role of executive functions. Executive functions refer to cognitive control mechanisms enabling implementation and coordination of basic mental operations. Deficits in this domain are prevalent in fibromyalgia.

Methods
Fifty-two fibromyalgia patients and thirty-two healthy individuals completed the Ekman-60 Faces Test, which requires classification of facial displays of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. They also completed eight tasks assessing the executive function components of shifting, updating, and inhibition. Effects of comorbid depression and anxiety disorders, as well as medication use, were tested in stratified analyses of patient subgroups.

Results
Patients made more errors overall than controls in classifying the emotional expressions. Moreover, their recognition accuracy correlated positively with performance on most of the executive function tasks. Emotion recognition did not vary as a function of comorbid psychiatric disorders or medication use.

Conclusions
The study supports impaired facial emotion recognition in fibromyalgia, which may contribute to the interaction problems and poor social functioning characterizing this condition. Facial emotion recognition is regarded as a complex process, which may be particularly reliant on efficient coordination of various basic operations by executive functions. As such, the correlations between cognitive task performance and recognition accuracy suggest that deficits in higher cognitive functions underlie impaired emotional communication in fibromyalgia.
Sensorimotor Performance and Reference Values for Fall Risk Assessment in Community-Dwelling Adults: The Yishun Study
Authors: Pang Benedict Wei Jun , Wee Shiou-Liang , Lau Lay Khoon , Jabbar Khalid Abdul , Seah Wei Ting , Ng Daniella Hui Min , Tan Queenie Lin Ling , Chen Kenneth Kexun , Jagadish Mallya Ullal , Ng Tze Pin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study sought to answer the following questions: What are the reference values of sensorimotor performance for fall risk in community-dwelling adults? How do population norms compare with that of other populations? Are younger adults at risk of falls?

Methods
In a cross-sectional study design, sensorimotor functions and fall risk scores of community-dwelling adults were assessed and calculated to derive corresponding fall risk categories. Reference values were determined using the average scores by age group. A total of 542 community-dwelling adults were recruited (21–90 years old) across 10-year (21–60 years) and 5-year age groups (&gt;60 years) to obtain a representative sample of community-dwelling adults in Singapore. Five physiological domains were assessed: vision, proprioception, muscle strength, reaction time, and postural balance according to the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA). Fall risk scores and the corresponding fall risk profiles were generated from an online calculator.

Results
Sensorimotor performance and PPA fall risk scores were significantly worse for increasing age categories. Females had significantly slower reaction time, lower muscle strength, and higher fall risk. The representative sample of older adults (≥65 years) performed poorer in postural sway (z = −0.50) and reaction time (z = −0.55), but better in proprioception (z = 0.29) and vision (z = 0.23) compared with Caucasian norms. Among younger adults (21–59 years), 36.8% appeared to exhibit higher fall risk.

Conclusion
This study presents important reference data and compared sensorimotor functions and physiological fall risk across age groups of community-dwelling adults in a Southeast Asian population. Poor sensorimotor performance and fall risk appear already pertinent in younger adults. Further studies are warranted to improve understanding of fall risk among younger adults.

Impact
In physical therapist practice, PPA reference values can aid clinicians in the development of targeted interventions tailored towards an individual’s physiological risk profile, addressing specific physiological systems that require particular attention.
Ralstonia solanacearumDepends on Catabolism of Myo-Inositol, Sucrose, and Trehalose for Virulence in an Infection Stage–Dependent Manner
Authors: Hamilton Corri D. , Steidl Olivia R. , MacIntyre April M. , Hendrich Connor G. , Allen Caitilyn 
Published: January 2021

The soilborne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum causes a lethal bacterial wilt disease of tomato and many other crops by infecting host roots, then colonizing the water-transporting xylem vessels. Tomato xylem sap is nutritionally limiting but it does contain some carbon sources, including sucrose, trehalose, and myo-inositol. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that R. solanacearum expresses distinct catabolic pathways at low cell density (LCD) and high cell density (HCD). To investigate the links between bacterial catabolism, infection stage, and virulence, we measured in planta fitness of bacterial mutants lacking specific carbon catabolic pathways expressed at either LCD or HCD. We hypothesized that early in disease, during root infection, the bacterium depends on carbon sources catabolized at LCD, while HCD carbon sources are only required later in disease during stem colonization. A R. solanacearum ΔiolG mutant unable to use the LCD-catabolized nutrient myo-inositol was defective in tomato root colonization, but after it reached the stem this strain colonized and caused symptoms as well as wild type. In contrast, R. solanacearum mutants unable to use the HCD-catabolized nutrients sucrose (ΔscrA), trehalose (ΔtreA), or both (ΔscrA/treA), infected roots as well as wild-type R. solanacearum but were defective in colonization and competitive fitness in midstems and had reduced virulence. Further, xylem sap from tomato plants colonized by ΔscrA, ΔtreA, or ΔscrA/treA R. solanacearum mutants contained twice as much sucrose as sap from plants colonized by wild-type R. solanacearum. Together, these findings suggest that quorum sensing specifically adapts R. solanacearum metabolism for success in the different nutritional environments of plant roots and xylem sap.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Using the Postoperative Morbidity Survey to Measure Morbidity After Cranial Neurosurgery
Authors: Luoma Astri M.V. , Douglas Deborah R. , D’Antona Linda , Toma Ahmed K. , Smith Martin 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The incidence of morbidity after cranial neurosurgery is significant, reported in up to a quarter of patients depending on methodology used. The Postoperative Morbidity Survey (POMS) is a reliable method for identifying clinically relevant postsurgical morbidity using 9 organ system domains. The primary aim of this study was to quantify early morbidity after cranial neurosurgery using POMS. The secondary aims were to identify non-POMS-defined morbidity and association of POMS with postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS).

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective electronic health care record review was conducted for all patients who underwent elective or expedited major cranial surgery over a 3-month period. Postsurgical morbidity was quantified on postoperative days (D) 1, 3, 5, 8, and 15 using POMS. A Poisson regression model was used to test the correlation between LOS and total POMS scores on D1, 3 and 5. A further regression model was used to test the association of LOS with specific POMS domains.

Results:
A total of 246 patients were included. POMS-defined morbidity was 40%, 30%, and 33% on D1, D3, and D8, respectively. The presence of POMS morbidity on these days was associated with longer median (range) LOS: D1 6 (1 to 49) versus 4 (2 to 45) days; D3 8 (4 to 89) versus 6 (4 to 35) days; D5 14 (5 to 49) versus 8.5 (6 to 32) days; D8 18 (9 to 49) versus 12.5 (9 to 32) days (P<0.05). Total POMS score correlated with overall LOS on D1 (P<0.001), D3 (P<0.001), and D5 (P<0.001). A positive response to the “infectious” (D1, 3), “pulmonary” (D1), and “renal” POMS items (D1) were associated with longer LOS.

Conclusion:
Although our data suggests that POMS is a useful tool for measuring morbidity after cranial neurosurgery, some important morbidity items that impact on LOS are missed. A neurosurgery specific tool would be of value.
Midterm Outcomes After Open Arthrolysis for Posttraumatic Elbow Stiffness in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ruan Ji-hao , Cui Hao-min , Sun Zi-yang , Chen Shuai , Wang Wei , Fan Cun-yi 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Open arthrolysis is used for treating elbow stiffness in adults. This study evaluated the midterm outcomes after open arthrolysis in children and adolescents with posttraumatic elbow stiffness.

Methods:
Data of 31 children and adolescents with posttraumatic elbow stiffness following open arthrolysis with or without hinged external fixation from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Their mean age was 15 (range: 6 to 19) years. At baseline and the follow-up (>4 y), we evaluated the outcomes (range of motion and Mayo Elbow Performance Index) and postoperative complications (pain, ulnar nerve symptoms, infections, and instability) and analyzed the association between outcomes and clinical variables.

Results:
The Mayo Elbow Performance Index improved from 67.9 (range: 35 to 95 points) to 93.7 points (range: 65 to 100 points; P<0.001). The elbow active flexion/extension arc increased significantly from 49 degrees (range: 0 to 120 degrees) to 108 degrees (range: 0 to 120 degrees; P<0.001), with a mean flexion of 123 degrees (range: 70 to 140 degrees; P<0.001) and mean extension of 15 degrees (range: 0 to 85 degrees; P<0.001) postoperatively. The increasing age at surgery was associated with improved elbow motions (P=0.004). Patients with increased preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase level demonstrated decreased arc of motion (P=0.015). Patients with extra-articular fractures had better outcomes than the other patients. At the final follow-up, 8 patients experienced recurrent contracture in the flexion arc with heterotopic ossification. Two patients had postoperative pain, 1 elbow instability, and 1 ulnar neuropathy.

Conclusions:
Most patients showed satisfactory functional outcomes after arthrolysis, indicating that open release with or without hinged external fixation is an effective and maintained technique for children and adolescents with posttraumatic elbow stiffness. The age at surgery, preoperative alkaline phosphatase level, and injury type should be considered to achieve good outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level III.
Clinical Outcomes of Metastatic Renal Carcinoma Following Disease Progression to Programmed Death (PD)-1 or PD-L1 Inhibitors (IO)
Authors: Santini Daniele , Stellato Marco , De Giorgi Ugo , Pantano Francesco , De Lisi Delia , Casadei Chiara , Maruzzo Marco , Bimbatti Davide , Naglieri Emanuele , Buti Sebastiano , Bersanelli Melissa , De Vivo Rocco , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Sbrana Andrea , Verzoni Elena , Soraru’ Mariella , Fornarini Giuseppe , Mucciarini Claudia , Grillone Francesco , Mini Enrico , Vignani Francesca , Attademo Laura , Pignata Sandro , Procopio Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
The aim of our study was to collect data about of the outcome of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients who progressed after immune checkpoint inhibitors in order to enhance data about efficacy and safety of treatment beyond immune-oncology (IO).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 162 eligible patients, progressing to IO, were enrolled from 16 Italian referral centers adhering to the Meet-Uro association. Baseline characteristics, outcome data and toxicities were retrospectively collected. Descriptive analysis was made using median values and ranges. Kaplan-Meier method and Mantel-Haenszel log-rank test were performed to compare differences between groups.

Results:
A total of 111 patients (68.5%) were treated after IO progression. In all, 51 patients (31.5%) did not receive further treatment for clinical deterioration. Median IO progression free survival (PFS) was 4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1-4.8). IO-PFS tends to be longer in patients reporting adverse events (AE) of any grade (5.03 [95% CI: 3.8-6.1] vs. 2.99 [95% CI: 2.4-3.5] months P=0.004). Subsequent therapies included cabozantinib (n=79, 48%), everolimus (n=11, 6.7%), and others (n=21, 12.9%).
Median PFS post-IO was 6.5 months (95% CI: 5.1-7.8). Cabozantinib showed longer PFS compared with everolimus (7.6 mo [95% CI: 5.2-10.1] vs. 3.2 mo [95% CI: 1.8-4.5]) (hazard ratio: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1026-0.7968) and other drugs (4.3 mo [95% CI: 1.3-7.4]) (hazard ratio: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.35-1.23). All grade AE were reported in 83 patients (74%) and G3 to G4 AE in 39 patients (35%). Target therapies post-IO showed median overall survival of 14.7 months (95% CI: 0.3-21.4).

Conclusions:
In our real world experience after progression to IO, vascular endotelial groth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, given to patients, proved to be active and safe choices. Cabozantinib was associated with a better outcome in terms of median PFS.
High flow nasal oxygen during procedural sedation for cardiac implantable electronic device procedures
Authors: Conway Aaron , Collins Peter , Chang Kristina , Kamboj Navpreet , Filici Ana Lopez , Lam Phoebe , Parotto Matteo 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
High flow nasal oxygen may better support the vulnerable respiratory state of patients during procedural sedation.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high flow nasal oxygen in comparison to facemask oxygen on ventilation during cardiac implantable electronic device procedures performed with procedural sedation.

DESIGN
A randomised controlled trial.

SETTING
The study was conducted at one academic hospital in Canada.

PARTICIPANTS
Adults undergoing elective cardiac implantable electronic device procedures with sedation administered by an anaesthesia assistant, supervised by an anaesthesiologist from August 2019 to March 2020.

INTERVENTIONS
Participants were randomised 1 : 1 to facemask (≥ 8 l · min−1) or high flow nasal oxygen (50 l · min−1 and a 50 : 50 oxygen to air ratio).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was peak transcutaneous carbon dioxide. Outcomes were analysed using Bayesian statistics.

RESULTS
The 129 participants who were randomised and received sedation were included. The difference in peak transcutaneous carbon dioxide was 0.0 kPa (95% CI -0.17 to 0.18). Minor adverse sedation events were 6.4 times more likely to occur in the high flow nasal oxygen group. This estimate is imprecise (95% CI 1.34 to 42.99). The odds ratio for oxygen desaturation for the high flow nasal oxygen group compared with the facemask group was 1.2 (95% CI 0.37 to 3.75). The difference in satisfaction with sedation scores between groups was 0.0 (95% CI -0.33 to 0.23).

CONCLUSIONS
Ventilation, as measured by TcCO2, is highly unlikely to differ by a clinically important amount between high flow nasal oxygen at 50 l min−1 or facemask oxygen at 8 l min−1. Further research with a larger sample size would be required to determine the optimal oxygen:air ratio when using high flow nasal oxygen during cardiac implantable electronic device procedures performed with sedation.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT03858257
Selection of candidates for foetal intervention in congenital lower urinary tract obstruction
Authors: Nassr Ahmed A. , Fisher James E. , Belfort Michael A. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a rare group of conditions characterized by high perinatal morbidity and mortality if associated with oligohydramnios or anhydramnios in early pregnancy. Although foetal intervention has the potential to improve perinatal survival in a select group of foetuses with LUTO, the actual selection of those candidates most likely to benefit from intervention remains challenging.

Recent findings
Foetuses with LUTO who are potential candidates for prenatal intervention should undergo detailed multidisciplinary evaluation to ensure proper assessment and counselling. Using a combination of multiple ultrasound-based renal parameters, including measurement of foetal bladder volumes before and after vesicocentesis and kidney size and morphology, combined with repeated foetal urine biochemistry may allow for better selection than any single test.

Summary
Foetal intervention should be offered to women carrying a foetus with LUTO only after appropriate evaluation and counselling. A combined approach utilizing ultrasound and biochemical measurements of foetal renal function appears best. Research focusing on the development of more accurate markers is needed.