bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household Disinfection Interventions to Prevent Cholera Transmission: Facilitators, Barriers, Training, and Evidence Needs
Authors: Heylen Camille , Ali Cawo , Gallandat Karin , Lantagne Daniele , String Gabrielle 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
There are two common household disinfection interventions to prevent interhousehold transmission of cholera: household spraying, whereby a team disinfects cholera patients’ households, and household disinfection kits (HDKs), whereby cleaning materials are provided to cholera patients’ family members. Currently, both interventions lack evidence, and international agencies recommend HDK distribution; however, household spraying remains widely implemented. To understand this disconnect, we conducted 14 key informant interviews with international and national responders and a study in Haiti assessing HDK efficacy using two training modules including 20 household surveys and 327 surfaces samples before and after cleaning. During interviews, 80% of the international-level informants discussed evidence gaps for both interventions, and 60% preferred HDKs. Conversely, no national-level informants knew what an HDK was; therefore, they all preferred spraying. Informants discussed behavior changes, bleach perceptions, and implementation as facilitators and/or barriers to implementing both interventions. In households, training with demonstrations regarding the use of HDK led to increased reductions of Escherichia coli (P < 0.001) and Vibrio spp. (P < 0.001) on surfaces after participants cleaned the household compared with a hygiene promotion session only. These results emphasize the gap between the current international-level policy and the realities of cholera response programs, highlight the need for evidence to align household disinfection recommendations, and underscore the importance of the dissemination and training of responders and affected populations regarding methods to prevent intrahousehold cholera transmission.
Avtomatsko razpoznavanja slovenskega govora za dnevnoinformativne oddaje
Authors: Gril Lucija , Sepesy Maučec Mirjam , Donaj Gregor , Žgank Andrej 
Published: July 2021

Na področju govornih in jezikovnih tehnologij predstavlja avtomatsko razpoznavanje govora enega izmed ključnih gradnikov. V prispevku bomo predstavili razvoj avtomatskega razpoznavalnika slovenskega govora za domeno dnevnoinformativnih oddaj. Arhitektura sistema je zasnovana na globokih nevronskih mrežah. Pri tem smo ob upoštevanju razpoložljivih govornih virov izvedli modeliranje z različnimi aktivacijskimi funkcijami. V postopku razvoja razpoznavalnika govora smo preverili tudi, kakšen je vpliv izgubnih govornih kodekov na rezultate razpoznavanja govora. Za učenje razpoznavalnika govora smo uporabili bazi UMB BNSI Broadcast News in IETK-TV. Skupni obseg govornih posnetkov je znašal 66 ur. Vzporedno z globokimi nevronskimi mrežami smo povečali slovar razpoznavanja govora, ki je tako znašal 250.000 besed. Na ta način smo znižali delež besed izven slovarja na 1,33 %. Z razpoznavanjem govora na testni množici smo dosegli najboljšo stopnjo napačno razpoznanih besed (WER) 15,17 %. Med procesom vrednotenja rezultatov smo izvedli tudi podrobnejšo analizo napak razpoznavanja govora na osnovi lem in F-razredov, ki v določeni meri pokažejo na zahtevnost slovenskega jezika za takšne scenarije uporabe tehnologije.
Model GAE-L & J. Successful Case at JMAS Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua
Authors: González Laura Elizabeth Cavazos , Contreras Javier Aguilar , García Selena Veleta , Gómez Elmer Ayala , Ledezma Paulina Vélez 
Published: July 2021

En tiempos actuales, las organizaciones tanto del sector privado como gubernamental, han de renovar los modelos de administración de sus diversos recursos, en la búsqueda de opciones para su respectiva gestión y optimización como estrategia para incrementar su competitividad y eficiencia.
Bajo la prioridad de implantar esquemas innovadores de dirección empresarial, surge el Modelo GAE.L&J (Gestión Administrativa Esbelta. Laura & Javier) cuyo objetivo central es el diagnóstico administrativo, el diseño respectivo de estrategias de reingeniería y el programa de capacitación y evaluación. Su premisa medular es la administración esbelta, aplicando programas de reducción de costos en los rubros de operación y administración.
Trabaja con una metodología de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo. Su estructura general se basa en tres instrumentos: Observación y revisión de los procesos, encuesta al personal (FDA) y entrevista a directivos (ENDI). Los datos se analizan con Excel e IBM SPSS Statistics.
GAE. L&J se ha implementado desde octubre de 2016 a la fecha en la JMAS (Junta Municipal de Aguas y Saneamiento) de Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua con excelente resultado: Cambio de imagen en las instalaciones, reducción de la plantilla laboral, redefinición de la estructura organizacional con sus respectivos perfiles de puestos, manuales y procedimientos. Actualmente se capacita al personal en brindar un servicio de calidad al usuario, destacando que dicho organismo ha sido galardonado y denominado como punta de lanza en este nuevo enfoque administrativo, a raíz de las propuestas y recomendaciones emanadas del Modelo GAE.L&J
Relación profesional de la salud – paciente / Health professional - patient relationship
Authors: Rhys Claudia Guerrero Karen , Olmos José Molina Juan , Pelliccioni. Patricia 
Published: July 2021

La situación de pandemia que se vive a nivel mundial afecta todos los aspectos a nivel educación y salud. Se modificó la forma de enseñar y aprender, pero también se alteró la manera de concretar la relación entre los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes.
Esto hizo que docentes y alumnos decidiéramos repensar y reflexionar sobre la práctica profesional cotidiana. Se debería analizar dimensiones y factores que se presentan en esta situación tan particular, pero a la misma vez tan trascendente. Esta situación ya fue analizada por A. Rodríguez en 2012, por lo que ante la situación mundial se debe actualizar y analizar nuevamente esta relación interpersonal.
A Prophetic Pastoral of Presence: An “Exchange of Places.” Re-contextualizing the Encounter of Jesus and the Leper in Mark 1:40-45 for the Role of the Asian Church in the Midst of Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Wardoyo Gregorius Tri , Sentosa Yosafat Roni 
Published: July 2021

The pandemic due to covid-19 makes the Asian Church stuttering in their services especially to the patients of covid-19. In light of Mark 1:40-45, the author proposes to the Asian Church to do a prophetic pastoral presence, just say it an “exchange of places” as it is done by Jesus who takes the place of the leper as a risk of His action. To arrive at such conclusion, the author proceeds this study by analysing the text of Mark 1:40-45 from the narrative perspective and intertextual approach, then the reader is invited to review the consciousness of the FABC regarding its basis and praxis in Asia and how the Asian Church is trying to bring the face of God for the Asian people.
Edição virtual da III Semana da Africanidade: possibilidades e desafios
Authors: Santos Filho Paulo Ferreira dos , Miranda Raquel Sales 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir aspectos do planejamento da prática pedagógica “Semana da Africanidade: a cor mãe de todas as cores” que ocorreu em outubro de 2020, de maneira virtual, em uma escola municipal da periferia de Fortaleza-CE. Apesar dos autores terem conhecimento de que a temática afro-brasileira deve ser abordada durante todo o ano letivo de forma transversal, em virtude da situação de pandemia de Covid-19 e de isolamento social, as atividades relativas a essa temática foram concentradas em um único mês em formato de evento. O evento ocorreu no formato virtual, por meio de Conferências pelo aplicativo Google Meet. Concluiu-se que mesmo na situação de ensino remoto, foi possível fomentar reflexões importantes sobre a temática, com a participação de gestores e professores de diferentes áreas, fortalecendo a perspectiva transdisciplinar da temática.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Adaptasi Makhluk Hidup dengan Lingkungannya pada Siswa Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Lestari Hana , Fitiriani Nisa , Ismail Zulfikar 
Published: July 2021

One of the 21st century skills that students need to master is problem solving skills. The purpose of this study was to describe the problem solving abilities of fifth grade Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students in science subjects based on Polya rules. This research is a descriptive quantitative research involving 30 grade V students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah 01 Ciasmara Pamijahan, Bogor Regency in the 2019/2020 academic year who were taken by purposive sampling. This research instrument is a test of problem-solving ability on environmental pollution material which contains 20 question items. The data processing technique was carried out descriptively by calculating the mean and percentage of each item to obtain a description of the student's problem-solving abilities based on Polya's rules. The results of this study indicate that (1) the average problem-solving ability of students in the aspect of understanding the problem is 82.43%, categorized as very good; (2) the average student's problem-solving ability in the aspect of making problem-solving plans was 53.84%, categorized as sufficient; (3) the average student's problem-solving ability in the aspect of implementing the problem-solving plan was 75%, categorized as good; (4) the average student's problem-solving ability at re-checking the solution was 39.42% in the poor category. So it can be concluded that the problem solving of class V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students on environmental pollution material based on Polya's rules is in the good category with an average percentage of 65%.
Keywords:
Pengaruh Khotbah bagi Pertumbuhan Gereja
Authors: Rantesalu Marsi Bombongan 
Published: July 2021

Peran Khotbah dalam Pertumbuhan Gereja. Pertumbuhan gereja adalah harapan bagi setiap orang Kristen khususnya bagi pemimpin dalam gereja. Pertumbuhan gereja dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor dan salah satunya adalah khotbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu pengaruh khotbah bagi pertumbuhan gereja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan survey sebagai kekuatan dalam mengumpulkan data dilapangan. Adapun yang menjadi sampel penelitian adalah anggota jemaat yang berasal dari beberapa denominasi gereja. Analisis data dilakukan dengan prosedur statistik yaitu mendeskripsikan data hasil penelitian, melakukan uji persyaratan analisis dan pengujian terhadap hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara khotbah terhadap pertumbuhan gereja yaitu diangka 74,7%. Pengaruh paling dominan adalah pada pertumbuhan secara kualitatif.
Стилистический приём как когнитивная структура (на материале английского языка)
Authors: Панжиева Насиба 
Published: July 2021

В данной статье рассматривается когнитивная сущность стилистического приёма. Стилистический приём рассматривается как средство познания окружающего мира, как когнитивная структура, передающая разные типы структур знаний ( энциклопедических, литературных, исторических, мифологических и т.д. ) . Приводится подробная классификация самого стилистического приема.
Ўзбекистонда бошланғич таълимни модернизациялаш борасидаги давлат сиёсатининг асосий жиҳатлари
Authors: Базарова Ирода 
Published: July 2021

Мақолада Ўзбекистонда бошланғич таълимни модернизациялаш борасидаги давлат сиёсатининг асосий жиҳатлари ишончли манбалар ёрдамида таҳлил қилинган. Шу билан бирга, республика бошланғич таълим тизимидаги амалга оширилган муҳим ислоҳотлар бевосита ёш авлодни баркамол руҳда тарбиялашга қаратилгани, бу борада болалар ҳуқуқларини таъминлаш, кичик ёшдаги болаларни маънавий-маърифий жиҳатдан камол топтириш таълим соҳасидаги давлат сиёсатининг энг муҳим устувор вазифалари эканлиги очиб берилган.
Approaches to defining the concepts of “Reading” and “Authentic materials” in english methodology
Authors: Erkaboyeva Muslimaxon , Bektoshev Otabek 
Published: July 2021

The article deals with approaches to defining the concepts of “reading” and “authentic materials” in English methodology. Reading means different things to different people, for some it is recognizing written words, while for others it is an opportunity to teach pronunciation and practice speaking. However, reading always has a purpose. It is something that we do every day, it is an integral part of our daily lives, taken very much for granted and generally assumed to be something that everyone can do. It is said that reading is a skill that is highly values by students and teacher alike. Reading comprehension is a complex process in which the reader used his mental ability to obtain the information.
Ошқозонда юзага келадиган полипрагмазиянинг морфологик ўзгаришлари
Authors: Тошмаматов Б.Н. 
Published: July 2021

Ушбу ишда мақсад қилиб каламушларда ностероидли даволашда юзага келадиган полипрагмазия хақидаги маълумотларни тўлдириш олинган. Мақсадга эришиш учун 55 та каламушларда ошкозон тўқимаси морфологик жиҳатдан ўрганилди. Натижалар кўрсатдики, ошкозонда юзага келадиган ўзгаришларда ностероидли даволаш натижасида шиллиқ кават безларида ва лимфоид фолликулалар ҳажмининг катталашганлиги,қон томирлари девори ҳужайраларининг пролиферацияси, бириктирувчи тўқима ҳужайраларининг кам табақалашганлиги аниқланди.Ошкозон шиллик каватида безлар шаклининг ўзгарганлиги вакуолизация, структур бирликларида дистрофия, атрофия, деструкция жараёнларининг устун туриши кузатилди. Ностероидли препаратлар билан узоқ даволаш ошқозон шиллиқ қаватиннги хусусий пластинкасида кўпроқ даражада таьсир кўрсатганидан далолат беради.
NATURAL RIGHT AND THE SPIRIT OF THE PEOPLE IN THE TEACHING OF F.K. FON SAVIGNY
Authors: Денисов А.М. 
Published: July 2021

Свою правовую концепцию Ф.К. фон Савиньи, прежде всего, противопоставлял традиционной теории естественного права, которая, как он полагал, дедуцировала свои категории из индивидуального разума, а потому не могла обладать качествами всеобщности и необходимости. Напротив, всеобщий разум, воплощенный в «духе народа» как его внутренняя субстанция, содержит в себе всю полноту идей права, признанных народом. Значение творчества законодателя состоит в том, что он устраняет неопределенность в праве, которая содержится в результате исторического развития, не проясненного и не закрепленного законом. Принятые в результате законотворческой деятельности писаные нормы фиксируют достигнутый результат развития права, хотя при этом, как считал Ф.К. фон Савиньи, замедляют сам процесс этого развития.
His legal concept F.K. von Savigny first of all contrasted with the traditional theory of natural law, which, he believed, deduced its categories from the individual mind, and therefore could not possess the qualities of universality and necessity. On the contrary, the universal mind, embodied in the "spirit of the people" as its inner substance, contains the entire completeness of the ideas of law recognized by the people. The significance of the legislator's creativity lies in the fact that it removes the uncertainty in law, which is contained as a result of historical development that is not clarified and not enshrined in law. The written norms adopted as a result of legislative activity fix the achieved result of the development of law, although at the same time, as F.K. von Savigny, slow down the very process of this development.
A WORTHY BOOK ABOUT AN OUTSTANDING RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHER
Authors: Сальников В.П. , Комаров С.А. , Захарцев С.И. 
Published: July 2021

Рецензируемая монография посвящена наследию В.С. Степина и его вкладу в юридическую науку. Идеи указанного выдающегося философа авторами книги развиваются. В результате формируются новые направления правовых исследований и раскрываются перспективы будущего права. Рецензенты приходят к выводу, что изучаемая монография удалась, вызывает обоснованный интерес, заставляет задуматься о смысле права, бытия, свободы. Книга будет полезна широкому кругу читателей.
The monograph under review is devoted to the legacy of V.S. Stepin and his contribution to legal science. The ideas of this outstanding philosopher are being developed by the authors of the book. As a result, new directions of legal research are formed and the prospects for future law are revealed. The reviewers come to the conclusion that the monograph under study was a success, arouses reasonable interest, makes one think about the meaning of law and freedom. The book will be useful to a wide range of readers.
El espacio funcional: públicos y audiencias en el museo posmoderno
Authors: Franza Riccardo , Guirao Mirón Cristina 
Published: July 2021

<span lang="ES">En la era posmoderna, la metamorfosis cultural de la sociedad posindustrial globalizada, atraída por el consumo de masas y los nuevos medios de comunicación, cambia la posición del Museo y su relación con el público. El Museo, contenedor autoritario y elitista de modelos culturales para ser presentados al público, inicia un proceso de democratización y abre un diálogo con los usuarios: se transforma en una empresa productiva que, preocupada por los datos de crecimiento en el número de visitantes, pasa a formar parte de un sistema de consumo y actividad de masas donde el público y sus necesidades se convierten en la clave del éxito. Así, a través de las herramientas y métodos del marketing, el museo avanza hacia una dirección experiencial para definir los diferentes tipos de <em>experiencias</em> (FERRARESI, et al., 2015) que el museo ofrece al visitante: educativas, socializadoras, estéticas, celebratorias, recreativas, emocionales.</span>
HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI MAKAN TINGGI ZAT BESI DENGAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS TUKKA
Authors: Nainggolan Tina 
Published: July 2021

Angka kematian ibu yang tinggi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di indonesia. Penyebab dari kematian ibu tersebut karena perdarahan yang disebabkan oleh anemia selama kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Konsumsi Makan Tinggi Zat Besi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tukka Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah Tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini dengan menggunkan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional,. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PuskesmasTukka Kabipaten Tapanuli Tengah. Subjek penelitian adalah semua ibu hamil yang mempunyai usia kehamilan 8 minggu – 24 minggu di PuskesmasTukka Kabipaten Tapanuli Tengah sebanyak 57 orang. Data dikumpul melalui kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara univariat, bivariat, dengan uji chi square. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia sebanyak 37 (64,9%) sedangkan ibu hamil yang tidak mengalami anemia sebanyak 20 (35,1%). Hal ini menunjukkan hampir setengah dari semua ibu hamil menderita anemia. Hasil uji statistika didapatkan nilai P-value sebesar 0,000 (>0,05). Secara statisk adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kurang mengkonsumsi asupan zat besi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di puskesmas tukka kabupaten tapanuli tengah tahun 2019. Puskesmas sebagai tempat pelayanan kesehatan terdekat dengan masyarakat perlu memberikan informasi pentingnya konsumsi makanan tinggi zat besi pada ibu hamil melalui kegiatan posyandu, ANC, kelas ibu hamil maupun kegiatan promosi kesehatan rutin dilaksanakan.
The WGLC global gridded lightning climatology and time series
Authors: Kaplan Jed O. , Lau Katie Hong-Kiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Lightning is an important atmospheric phenomenon and has wide-ranging
influence on the Earth system, but few long-term observational datasets of
lightning occurrence and distribution are currently freely available. Here, we
analyze global lightning activity over the second decade of the
21st century using a new global, high-resolution gridded
time series and climatology of lightning stroke density based on raw data from
the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). While the total number of
strokes detected increases from 2010–2014, an adjustment for detection
efficiency reduces this artificial trend. The global distribution of lightning
shows the well-known pattern of greatest density over the three tropical
terrestrial regions of the Americas, Africa, and the Maritime Continent, but
we also noticed substantial temporal variability over the 11 years of record,
with more lightning in the tropics from 2012–2015 and increasing lightning in
the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere from 2016–2020. Although the
total number of strokes detected globally was constant, mean stroke power
decreases significantly from a peak in 2013 to the lowest levels on record in
2020. Evaluation with independent observational networks shows that while the
WWLLN does not capture peak seasonal lightning densities, it does represent
the majority of powerful lightning strokes. The resulting gridded lightning
dataset (Kaplan and Lau, 2021a, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4774528)
is freely available and will be useful for a range of studies in climate,
Earth system, and natural hazards research, including direct use as input data
to models and as evaluation data for independent simulations of lightning
occurrence.
Geogenic organic carbon in terrestrial sediments and its contribution to total soil carbon
Authors: Kalks Fabian , Noren Gabriel , Mueller Carsten W. , Helfrich Mirjam , Rethemeyer Janet , Don Axel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Geogenic organic carbon (GOC) from sedimentary rocks is an overlooked
fraction in soils that has not yet been quantified but influences the
composition, age, and stability of total organic carbon (OC) in soils. In
this context, GOC is the OC in bedrock deposited during sedimentation. The
contribution of GOC to total soil OC may vary, depending on the type of
bedrock. However, no studies have been carried out to investigate the
contribution of GOC derived from different terrestrial sedimentary rocks to
soil OC contents. In order to fill this knowledge gap, 10 m long sediment cores from three
sites recovered from Pleistocene loess, Miocene sand, and Triassic Red
Sandstone were analysed at 1 m depth intervals, and the amount of GOC was
calculated based on 14C measurements. The 14C ages of bulk
sedimentary OC revealed that OC is comprised of both biogenic and geogenic
components. The biogenic component relates to OC that entered the sediments
from plant sources since soil development started. Assuming an average age
for this biogenic component ranging from 1000–4000 years BP (before present), we calculated
average amounts of GOC in the sediments starting at 1.5 m depth, based on
measured 14C ages. The median amount of GOC in the sediments was then
taken, and its proportion of soil mass (g GOC per kg−1 fine soil) was
calculated in the soil profile. All the sediments contained considerable
amounts of GOC (median amounts of 0.10 g kg−1 in Miocene sand, 0.27 g kg−1 in Pleistocene loess, and 0.17 g kg−1 in Red Sandstone) compared with subsoil OC contents (between 0.53 and 15.21 g kg−1). Long-term incubation experiments revealed that the GOC appeared comparatively stable against biodegradation. Its possible contribution to subsoil OC stocks (0.3–1.5 m depth) ranged from 1 % to 26 % in soil developed in the Miocene sand, from 16 % to 21 % in the loess soil, and from 6 % to 36 % at the Red Sandstone site. Thus, GOC with no detectable 14C content influenced the 14C ages of subsoil OC and may partly explain the strong increase in 14C ages observed in many subsoils. This could be particularly important in young soils on terrestrial sediments with comparatively low amounts of OC, where GOC can make a large contribution to total OC stocks.