bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Checking the site categorization criteria and amplification factors of the 2021 draft of Eurocode 8 Part 1–1
Authors: Paolucci Roberto , Aimar Mauro , Ciancimino Andrea , Dotti Marco , Foti Sebastiano , Lanzano Giovanni , Mattevi Pietro , Pacor Francesca , Vanini Manuela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper the site categorization criteria and the corresponding site amplification factors proposed in the 2021 draft of Part 1 of Eurocode 8 (2021-draft, CEN/TC250/SC8 Working Draft N1017) are first introduced and compared with the current version of Eurocode 8, as well as with site amplification factors from recent empirical ground motion prediction equations. Afterwards, these values are checked by two approaches. First, a wide dataset of strong motion records is built, where recording stations are classified according to 2021-draft, and the spectral amplifications are empirically estimated computing the site-to-site residuals from regional and global ground motion models for reference rock conditions. Second, a comprehensive parametric numerical study of one-dimensional (1D) site amplification is carried out, based on randomly generated shear-wave velocity profiles, classified according to the new criteria. A reasonably good agreement is found by both approaches. The most relevant discrepancies occur for the shallow soft soil conditions (soil category E) that, owing to the complex interaction of shear wave velocity, soil deposit thickness and frequency range of the excitation, show the largest scatter both in terms of records and of 1D numerical simulations. Furthermore, 1D numerical simulations for soft soil conditions tend to provide lower site amplification factors than 2021-draft, as well as lower than the corresponding site-to-site residuals from records, because of higher impact of non-linear (NL) site effects in the simulations. A site-specific study on NL effects at three KiK-net stations with a significantly large amount of high-intensity recorded ground motions gives support to the 2021-draft NL reduction factors, although the very limited number of recording stations allowing such analysis prevents deriving more general implications. In the presence of such controversial arguments, it is reasonable that a standard should adopt a prudent solution, with a limited reduction of the site amplification factors to account for NL soil response, while leaving the possibility to carry out site-specific estimations of such factors when sufficient information is available to model the ground strain dependency of local soil properties.
A Bioinformatics Investigation into the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Mai Ziling , Li Huanqiang , Chen Guanzhong , Chen Enzhao , Liu Liwei , Lun Zhubin , Lai Wenguang , Zhou Chunyun , Yu Sijia , Liu Jin , Chen Shiqun , Chen Jiyan , Liu Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated consistent benefits in the reduction of hospitalization for HF in patients with DM. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. To investigate the mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in DM with HF, we performed target prediction and network analysis by a network pharmacology method.

Methods
We selected targets of SGLT2 inhibitors and DM status with HF from databases and studies. The “Drug-Target” and “Drug-Target-Disease” networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Then the protein–protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed using the STRING database. Gene Ontology (GO) biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed to investigate using the Bioconductor tool for analysis.

Results
There were 125 effective targets between SGLT2 inhibitors and DM status with HF. Through further screening, 33 core targets were obtained, including SRC, MAPK1, NARS, MAPK3 and EGFR. It was predicted that the Rap1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and other signaling pathways were involved in the treatment of DM with HF by SGLT2 inhibitors.

Conclusion
Our study elucidated the possible mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors from a systemic and holistic perspective based on pharmacological networks. The key targets and pathways will provide new insights for further research on the pharmacological mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of DM with HF.
Corneal transplant during COVID-19 pandemic: the Italian Eye Bank national report
Authors: Aiello Francesco , Genzano Besso Federico , Pocobelli Giulio , Gallo Afflitto Gabriele , Colabelli Gisoldi Rossella Anna Maria , Nucci Carlo , Ponzin Diego ,   on behalf of Italian Society Eye Bank Group (SIBO)., Bonci Paola , Calabrò Giuseppe , Ceccuzzi Roberto , Corneli Massimiliano , Genitti Germano , Giannarini Claudio , Mistò Raffaela , Pocobelli Augusto , Tortori Achille , Venzano Davide 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate the impact of Coronavirus Disease-2019 lockdown on the Italian Eye Bank organization. In this national retrospective, multicentric, cohort study, data from the Italian Eye Bank during both the lockdown and the first month after the lockdown period were retrieved. We compared the Italian Eye Bank metrics with the same timeframe of 2019 and 2018. Data from 13 out of 13 (100%) Italian Eye Banks were included in the analysis. A statistically significant reduction in the number of donor corneas retrieved in 2020 was found as compared to the same period in 2019 and in 2018, respectively (2020 = 1284; 2019 = 3088; 2018 = 3221; ANOVA: p < 0.0001). Only 534 corneas have been distributed by Eye Banks during the COVID-19-lockdown period (2020 = 534; 2019 = 1220; 2018 = 1237. ANOVA: p < 0.0001). Similarly, the number of wasted corneas due to postponed or cancelled surgeries was 421, resulting in a considerable increase as compared to the previous 2 years (2020 = 421; 2019 = 67; 2018 = 84; ANOVA: p = 0.0035). Overall, 45 donor corneas were rejected in accordance with the guidance of the Italian National Health Institute Italian National Transplant Centre (CNT). SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has profoundly affected every social and medical field, including the Eye Bank procurement and distribution programs. The current data collected from all the Italian Eye Banks highlights the present and the forthcoming difficulties that the Eye Bank community is going to experience, as for the ongoing pandemic.
Fatigue crack growth behaviour of wire and arc additively manufactured ER70S-6 low carbon steel components
Authors: Ermakova Anna , Mehmanparast Ali , Ganguly Supriyo , Razavi Nima , Berto Filippo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe new emerging Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology has significant potential to improve material design and efficiency for structural components as well as reducing manufacturing costs. Due to repeated and periodic melting, solidification and reheating of the layers, the WAAM deposition technique results in some elastic, plastic and viscous deformations that can affect material degradation and crack propagation behaviour in additively manufactured components. Therefore, it is crucial to characterise the cracking behaviour in WAAM built components for structural design and integrity assessment purposes. In this work, fatigue crack growth tests have been conducted on compact tension specimens extracted from ER70S-6 steel WAAM built components. The crack propagation behaviour of the specimens extracted with different orientations (i.e. horizontal and vertical with respect to the deposition direction) has been characterised under two different cyclic load levels. The obtained fatigue crack growth rate data have been correlated with the linear elastic fracture mechanics parameter $$\varDelta K$$

Δ
K

and the results are compared with the literature data available for corresponding wrought structural steels and the recommended fatigue crack growth trends in the BS7910 standard. The obtained results have been found to fall below the recommended trends in the BS7910 standard and above the data points obtained from S355 wrought material. The obtained fatigue growth trends and Paris law constants from this study contribute to the overall understanding of the design requirements for the new optimised functionally graded structures fabricated using the WAAM technique.
Defining the usable bandwidth of weak-motion records: application to induced seismicity in the Groningen Gas Field, the Netherlands
Authors: Edwards Benjamin , Ntinalexis Michail 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeismic hazard and risk analyses are increasingly tapping into the previously underused resource of local weak-motion records. This is facilitating the development of local- or even application-specific models for the characterisation of earthquake ground motion. In turn, this offers the opportunity to derive non- or partially non-ergodic models and significantly reduce bias and uncertainty. However, weak-motion data, while carrying important information about local earthquake source, path and site effects, are susceptible to noise. We show that high-frequency noise has a record-, or region-specific, impact on pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA). This impact depends on the shape of the records’ Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS): PSA from moderately to highly damped ‘soil’ records (e.g. Groningen, the Netherlands) is much less susceptible to high-frequency noise than PSA from weakly damped ‘rock’ records (e.g. Eastern North America). We make use of simulated ground motion records to develop a parametric model for the lower usable period of PSA (Tmin). The model accounts for the impact of high-frequency noise on PSA, conditional on easily measured parameters characterising the shape of a record’s FAS. We then present a workflow, describing processing undertaken for records of induced seismicity from the Groningen gas field. The workflow includes the definition of maximum and minimum usable frequencies and periods of FAS and PSA, respectively. As part of the workflow, we present an approach that considers multiple estimates of Tmin. These include the parametric model and, additionally, record-specific hybrid simulations that artificially extend or modify time series’ FAS beyond the noise floor to assess subsequent impacts on PSA.
Embed2Detect: temporally clustered embedded words for event detection in social media
Authors: Hettiarachchi Hansi , Adedoyin-Olowe Mariam , Bhogal Jagdev , Gaber Mohamed Medhat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial media is becoming a primary medium to discuss what is happening around the world. Therefore, the data generated by social media platforms contain rich information which describes the ongoing events. Further, the timeliness associated with these data is capable of facilitating immediate insights. However, considering the dynamic nature and high volume of data production in social media data streams, it is impractical to filter the events manually and therefore, automated event detection mechanisms are invaluable to the community. Apart from a few notable exceptions, most previous research on automated event detection have focused only on statistical and syntactical features in data and lacked the involvement of underlying semantics which are important for effective information retrieval from text since they represent the connections between words and their meanings. In this paper, we propose a novel method termedEmbed2Detectfor event detection in social media by combining the characteristics in word embeddings and hierarchical agglomerative clustering. The adoption of word embeddings givesEmbed2Detectthe capability to incorporate powerful semantical features into event detection and overcome a major limitation inherent in previous approaches. We experimented our method on two recent real social media data sets which represent the sports and political domain and also compared the results to several state-of-the-art methods. The obtained results show thatEmbed2Detectis capable of effective and efficient event detection and it outperforms the recent event detection methods. For the sports data set, Embed2Detect achieved 27% higher F-measure than the best-performed baseline and for the political data set, it was an increase of 29%.
Slipping–rolling transitions of a body with two contact points
Authors: Antali Mate , Stepan Gabor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the general kinematics and dynamics of a rigid body is analysed, which is in contact with two rigid surfaces in the presence of dry friction. Due to the rolling or slipping state at each contact point, four kinematic scenarios occur. In the two-point rolling case, the contact forces are undetermined; consequently, the condition of the static friction forces cannot be checked from the Coulomb model to decide whether two-point rolling is possible. However, this issue can be resolved within the scope of rigid body dynamics by analysing the nonsmooth vector field of the system at the possible transitions between slipping and rolling. Based on the concept of limit directions of codimension-2 discontinuities, a method is presented to determine the conditions when the two-point rolling is realizable without slipping.
Citizen Assessment of Electoral Reforms: Do Evaluations of Fairness Blunt Self-Interest?
Authors: Biggers Daniel R. , Bowler Shaun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA large literature shows that citizens care about the procedural fairness of rules and institutions. This body of work suggests that citizen evaluations of institutional changes should be constrained by fairness considerations, even if they would personally benefit from the reforms. We test this expectation using two panel studies to examine whether citizens become more accepting of proposals rated as unfair (in wave one) after we experimentally manipulate (in wave two) whether the proposals aid their party’s electoral prospects. Using this approach, we are able to establish what citizens see to be fair or unfair separate from their evaluation of a given rule change. We find that supporters of both parties are consistently more favorable toward reforms their fellow partisans and, crucially, they themselves, claim reduce electoral fairness when framed as advancing their partisan interests. The results provide important insights into how citizens evaluate electoral processes, procedural fairness, and, hence, the acceptable limits of institutional change.
A Standardized Framework for Fluorescence-Guided Margin Assessment for Head and Neck Cancer Using a Tumor Acidosis Sensitive Optical Imaging Agent
Authors: Steinkamp Pieter Jan , Voskuil Floris Jan , van der Vegt Bert , Doff Jan Johannes , Schepman Kees-Pieter , de Visscher Sebastiaan Antonius Hendrik Johanne , Kelder Wendy , Jayalakshmi Yalia , Gao Jinming , Sumer Baran Devrim , van Dam Gooitzen Michell , Witjes Max Johannes Hendrikus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Intra-operative management of the surgical margin in patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains challenging as surgeons still have to rely on visual and tactile information. Fluorescence-guided surgery using tumor-specific imaging agents can assist in clinical decision-making. However, a standardized imaging methodology is lacking. In this study, we determined whether a standardized, specimen-driven, fluorescence imaging framework using ONM-100 could assist in clinical decision-making during surgery.

Procedures
Thirteen patients with histologically proven HNSCC were included in this clinical study and received ONM-100 24 ± 8 h before surgery. Fluorescence images of the excised surgical specimen and of the surgical cavity were analyzed. A fluorescent lesion with a tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) > 1.5 was considered fluorescence-positive and correlated to standard of care (SOC) histopathology.

Results
All six tumor-positive surgical margins were detected immediately after excision using fluorescence-guided intra-operative imaging. Postoperative analysis showed a median TBR (±IQR) of the fluorescent lesions on the resection margin of 3.36 ± 1.62. Three fluorescence-positive lesions in the surgical cavity were biopsied and showed occult carcinoma and severe dysplasia, and a false-positive fluorescence lesion.

Conclusion
Our specimen-driven fluorescence framework using a novel, pH-activatable, fluorescent imaging agent could assist in reliable and real-time adequate clinical decision-making showing that a fluorescent lesion on the surgical specimen with a TBR of 1.5 is correlated to a tumor-positive resection margin. The binary mechanism of ONM-100 allows for a sharp tumor delineation in all patients, giving the surgeon a clinical tool for real-time margin assessment, with a high sensitivity.
On Projectively Flat Finsler Warped Product Metrics of Constant Flag Curvature
Authors: Liu Huaifu , Mo Xiaohuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study locally projectively flat Finsler metrics of constant flag curvature. We find equations that characterize these metrics by warped product. Using the obtained equations, we manufacture new locally projectively flat Finsler warped product metrics of vanishing flag curvature. These metrics contain the metric introduced by Berwald and the spherically symmetric metric given by Mo-Zhu.
Behavior change through wearables: the interplay between self-leadership and IT-based leadership
Authors: Lehrer Christiane , Eseryel U. Yeliz , Rieder Annamina , Jung Reinhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhysical inactivity is a global public health problem that poses health risks to individuals and imposes financial burdens on already strained healthcare systems. Wearables that promote regular physical activity and a healthy diet bear great potential to meet these challenges and are increasingly integrated into the healthcare system. However, extant research shows ambivalent results regarding the effectiveness of wearables in improving users’ health behavior. Specifically important is understanding users’ systematic behavior change through wearables. Constructive digitalization of the healthcare system requires a deeper understanding of why some users change their behavior and others do not. Based on self-leadership theory and our analysis of narrative interviews with 50 long-term wearable users, we identify four wearable use patterns that bring about different behavioral outcomes: following, ignoring, combining, and self-leading. Our study contributes to self-leadership theory and research on individual health information systems and has practical implications for wearable and healthcare providers.
Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Utilization is Associated with Fewer Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Roberts Jodie I. , Hahn Christopher , Metz Luanne M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:Objective:Alberta is a Canadian province with a high prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this ecological study, we examined group differences in health care utilization among persons with MS (pwMS) living within different regions of the province.Methods:pwMS were identified from provincial administrative databases spanning 2002–2011. Utilization of health care services was determined for a 2-year period (April 2010–March 2012). Residential postal codes placed patients into their provincial health care zones. As data were provided to the investigators in an aggregated form, tests of statistical significance and confounding were not performed.Results:In total, 11,721 pwMS were identified. During the 2-year observation period, 96.2% of pwMS accessed a family physician and 57.1% accessed a neurologist. Nearly all (99.0%) pwMS who received neurologist care in Calgary visited an MS clinic, in contrast to Edmonton where a larger proportion (34.8%) received solely community neurologist care. More pwMS living in Edmonton accessed the ED (41.1%) compared to Calgary (35.7%), and the rate of visits per pwMS was higher in Edmonton (1.07/pwMS) than in Calgary (0.81/pwMS). The frequency of inpatient admissions was similar.Conclusions:Over 2 years, most pwMS accessed primary care and over half saw a neurologist. Despite a similar frequency of inpatient admissions, the frequency of ED visits by pwMS was higher in Edmonton compared to Calgary, where more patients received MS clinic care. Although this exploratory study is subject to several limitations, our findings suggest that specialized MS clinics may reduce costly ED visits.
Hyperbolic tessellations and generators of for imaginary quadratic fields
Authors: Burns David , de Jeu Rob , Gangl Herbert , Rahm Alexander D. , Yasaki Dan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe develop methods for constructing explicit generators, modulo torsion, of the$K_3$-groups of imaginary quadratic number fields. These methods are based on either tessellations of hyperbolic$3$-space or on direct calculations in suitable pre-Bloch groups and lead to the very first proven examples of explicit generators, modulo torsion, of any infinite$K_3$-group of a number field. As part of this approach, we make several improvements to the theory of Bloch groups for$ K_3 $of any field, predict the precise power of$2$that should occur in the Lichtenbaum conjecture at$ -1 $and prove that this prediction is valid for all abelian number fields.
Targets with cone-shaped microstructures from various materials for enhanced high-intensity laser–matter interaction
Authors: Ebert Tina , Heber René , Abel Torsten , Bieker Johannes , Schaumann Gabriel , Roth Markus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Targets with microstructured front surfaces have shown great potential in improving high-intensity laser–matter interaction. We present cone-shaped microstructures made out of silicon and titanium created by ultrashort laser pulse processing with different characteristics. In addition, we illustrate a process chain based on moulding to recreate the laser-processed samples out of polydimethylsiloxane, polystyrol and copper. With all described methods, samples of large sizes can be manufactured, therefore allowing time-efficient, cost-reduced and reliable ways to fabricate large quantities of identical targets.
Dairy product consumption is associated with a lowering of linoleic acid within serum TAG in adolescent females with overweight or obesity: a secondary analysis
Authors: Chouinard-Watkins Raphaël , Calleja Melissa , Bazinet Richard P. , Josse Andrea R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDairy fat is rich in SFA such as palmitic acid (16:0) but low in linoleic acid (18:2n-6). The natural carbon 13 enrichment (δ13C) of 16:0 is higher in dairy fat than in most of the food supply. In adults, serum levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) are recognised as biomarkers of dairy intake. In adolescents, no study has evaluated serum fatty acid levels or δ13C in response to chronic dairy consumption. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether increased dairy product consumption can modulate (1) serum fatty acid levels and (2) 16:0 δ13C in adolescents with overweight/obesity who followed a 12-week weight management programme. This secondary analysis of a randomised control trial included two groups of adolescent females: recommended dairy (RDa; n 23) and low dairy (LDa; n 23). The RDa group was given 4 servings/d of dairy products while the LDa group maintained dairy intakes at ≤ 2 servings/d. Blood was sampled before and after the intervention. Lipids were extracted and separated, and fatty acids were quantified by GC. Isotope ratio MS was used to assess 16:0 δ13C. There were no group differences on serum changes of 15:0 or 17:0. Within TAG, 18:2n-6 was lowered by 7·4 % only in the RDa group (P = 0·040). The difference in delta 16:0 δ13C between the LDa and RDa groups did not reach statistical significance (P = 0·070). Reductions in serum 18:2n-6 by dairy consumption could have positive health implications, but more studies are needed to confirm this assertion.