bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Patterns of Sleep Disorders Among Hospitalizations With Parkinson’s Disease: 2004–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Beydoun Hind A. , Hossain Sharmin , Huang Shuyan , Beydoun May A. , Alemu Brook T. , Eid Shaker M. , Zonderman Alan B. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to examine patterns of sleep disorders among hospitalized adults 65 years and older as related to Parkinson’s disease (PD) status and to evaluate sex differences in the associations between PD with sleep disorders.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using 19,075,169 hospital discharge records (8,169,503 men and 10,905,666 women) from the 2004–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases. PD and sleep disorder diagnoses were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification coding. Logistic regression models were constructed for each sleep disorder as a correlate of PD status; adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated taking into account patient and hospital characteristics.

Results
Period prevalences of PD and sleep disorder were estimated to be 2.1% and 8.1%, respectively. Most sleep disorder types, with the exception of sleep-related breathing disorders, were positively associated with PD diagnosis. Statistically significant interactions by sex were noted for associations of insomnia (men: aOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.24–1.36; women: aOR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.12–1.22), parasomnia (men: aOR = 3.74, 95% CI = 3.44–4.07; women: aOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 2.44–2.96), sleep-related movement disorder (men: aOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.07–1.11; women: aOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.20–1.25), and any sleep disorder (men: aOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.05–1.08; women: aOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.13–1.17) with PD status.

Conclusions
Overall, hospitalized men are more likely to experience PD with insomnia or parasomnia, whereas hospitalized women are more likely to experience PD with sleep-related movement disorder or any sleep disorder. Prospective cohort studies are needed to replicate these cross-sectional findings.
Efficacy of Atorvastatin Plus Conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hou Jiqiu , Guo Qiaoyan , Dong Changqing , Wang Dongxue , Wu Linlin 
Published: April 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin plus disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We queried the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) databases for this study. The pooled efficacy was evaluated using standardized mean differences. The inverse of the variance model was used for data pooling.

Results
Based on the search, we identified 9 randomized controlled trials. The trials included 258 patients in the atorvastatin plus DMARD groups and 246 patients in the DMARD alone groups. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the 2018 (209:228 Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints). Based on the Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints, disease activity in RA patients decreased significantly in patients given atorvastatin plus DMARD compared with patients given DMARD alone (standardized mean difference, −2.46; 95% confidence interval, −3.98 to −0.95; p = 0.0015; I
2 = 97%; p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis did not identify any confounding factors, and no publication bias was detected in the meta-analysis.

Conclusions
The result supports that atorvastatin could be added to DMARDs to treat patients with RA.
COVID-19 in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Sachdeva Sonali , Manaktala Pritika , Malik Faizan Ahmad , Gupta Udita , Desai Rupak 
Published: April 2021

Background/Objectives
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), first described in December 2019, has infected more than 33 million people and claimed more than 1 million deaths worldwide. Rheumatic diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases, the prevalence and impact of which in COVID-19 patients are poorly known. We performed a pooled analysis of published data intending to summarize clinical presentation and patient outcomes in those with established rheumatic disease diagnosis and concurrent COVID-19.

Methods
PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies reporting data about rheumatic disease patients who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and published until July 22, 2020. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled incidence and rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mortality among these patients, and interstudy heterogeneity was identified using I
2 statistics with greater than 75% value indicating substantial interstudy variation.

Results
Twenty studies were included, giving a total sample size of 49,099 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of 49,099 COVID-19 patients, a total of 1382 were also diagnosed with a rheumatic disease in the past. The random-effects pooled prevalence of COVID-19 among rheumatic disease patients was found to be 0.9%. The rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mortality were 70.7%, 11.6%, and 10.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
Although the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not dramatically high in rheumatic disease patients, concurrent COVID-19 does seem to play a role in determining disease severity and outcomes to some extent. Further studies are needed to give conclusive evidence about whether this subset of the population is at a higher risk of COVID-19 and related outcomes compared with the population at large.
Peter John Bell Clarricoats. 6 April 1932—17 January 2020
Authors: Snowden Christopher , Hao Yang 
Published: April 2021

Peter Clarricoats made fundamental contributions as a microwave engineer in the fields of applied electromagnetics for microwave and optical waveguides, and microwave antenna feeds. Peter was also a pioneer of optical fibres, and established the theory of electromagnetic propagation on dielectric and ferrite structures. In the course of this, he discovered that such structures can, under some conditions, support ‘backward waves’ and that guides can propagate complex modes. Over 40 years of his academic career, Peter Clarricoats had numerous notable achievements, including pioneering designs for shaped reflectors, reconfigurable reflectors and especially corrugated horns for microwave antennas. The latter are now universally used in satellite ground stations and in spacecraft. He published what became standard reference texts on corrugated horns for microwave antennas, microwave horns and feeds.He served as vice-president of both the Institution of Engineering and Technology and the International Union of Radio Science, and from 1998 to 2000 was chairman of the Defence Scientific Advisory Council. He was appointed a CBE in 1996. He is the recipient of the 2001 Distinguished Achievement Award of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Antennas and Propagation Society, and in 2015 he received the Sir Frank Whittle Gold Medal from the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Halomonas diversa sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Wang Liping , Liu Xiupian , Lai Qiliang , Gu Li , Shao Zongze 
Published: April 2021

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as D167-6-1T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected from the Pacific Ocean. The cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive, and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Growth occurred at NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 19 % (optimum, 2–8 %, w/v), from pH 6 to 11 (optimum, 7–8) and at temperatures between 4 and 45 °C (optimum, 33 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD gene sequences and its genome sequence revealed that strain D167-6-1T formed a monophyletic branch within the genus

Halomonas

and was most closely related to

Halomonas saliphila

,

Halomonas pellis

,

Halomonas kenyensis

,

Halomonas daqingensis

,

Halomonas desiderata

and

Halomonas lactosivorans

(with 98.5, 98.5, 98.4, 98.1, 97.5 and 97.8 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity, respectively). The complete genome size of strain D167-6-1T was 4.49 Mb, with a DNA G+C content of 62.8 mol%. The estimated averagenucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain D167-6-1T and other closely related species were 77.59–85.35 % and 22.0–30.6 %, respectively. The principal cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were C18 : 1
ω7c, C16 : 0, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c/C16 : 1
ω6c) and C17 : 0 cyclo. The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, aminophospholipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinones were Q-9 and Q-8. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain D167-6-1T represents a novel species of the genus

Halomonas

, for which the name Halomonas diversa sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain D167-6-1T (=MCCC 1A13316T=KCTC 72441T).
Detection of local microvascular proliferation inIDHwild-type Glioblastoma using relative Cerebral Blood Volume
Authors: Álvarez-Torres María del Mar , Fuster-García Elies , Juan-Albarracín Javier , Reynés Gaspar , Aparici-Robles Fernando , Ferrer-Lozano Jaime , Juan Miguel García-Gómez 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe microvascular proliferation (MVP) and the microvessel area (MVA) are known as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for glioblastoma; nevertheless, its measurement is costly, labor-intense, and invasive. MRI perfusion biomarkers such as such as relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) may be a feasible alternative to predict MVP and estimate MVA.PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the detection capacity of MRI markers such as rCBV to detect local microvascular proliferation in IDH wild-type glioblastoma. In addition, we aim to analyze the association between rCBV values and the microvessel area in different regions of the tumor.Study typeRetrospective study.Population and subjectsData from 71 tissue blocks belonging to 17IDHwild-type glioblastoma patients were compiled from the Ivy GAP database.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3.0T. Pregadolinium and postgadolinium-based contrast agent-enhanced T1-weighted MRI, T2- and FLAIR T2-weighted, and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) T2* perfusion.AssessmentWe analyzed preoperative MRIs to establish the association between the maximum and mean relative cerebral blood volume (rCBVmaxand rCBVmean) with the presence/absence of microvascular proliferation and with the microvessel area for each tumor block.Statistical testsSpearman’s correlation and Mann-Whitney test.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were found between rCBV and MVA in the analyzed tumor blocks (p<0.001). Additionally, significant differences in rCBV were found between blocks with MVP and blocks without MVP (p<0.0001).Data conclusionThe rCBV is shown as significantly different in those tissue blocks with microvascular proliferation from those blocks without it, and it is significantly correlated with microvessels area. This method allows a local detection and definition of MVP and MVA in different regions of the glioblastoma since the first diagnostic stage and in a non-invasive way.
Association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 severity, acute phase reactants and mortality
Authors: Ishaq Uzma , Malik Asmara , Malik Jahanzeb , Mehmood Asad , Qureshi Azhar , Laique Talha , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Jawad , Javaid Muhammad , Rana Abdul Sattar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe ABO blood group system has been associated with infectious and noninfectious disease, including dengue, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), etc. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the ongoing pandemic with multitude of manifestations and association of ABO blood group in South-East Asian population needs to be explored.MethodsIt was a retrospective study of patients with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnosis of COVID-19 at Advanced Diagnostics and Liver Center between April 2020 to January 2021. Blood group A, B, O, and AB were identified in every participant, irrespective of their RH type and allotted groups 1, 2,3, and 4, respectively. Cox regression and logistic regression were used for inferential statistics.ResultsThe cohort included 1067 patients: 521 (48.8%) of blood group O, 295 (27.6%) of blood group B, 202 (18.9%) of blood group A, and 49 (4.5%) of blood group AB. The majority of the patients were males 712 (66.7%) with an average body mass index (BMI) of 27.45 ± 3.53. Patients with AB blood group stayed a median (IQR) of 14 (5, 27) days while A blood group cohort stayed 13 (6,27) days and overall 10.6% COVID-19-related mortality was observed at our center, with 13.9% in blood group A as the majority of COVID-19 deaths. Regarding severity of COVID-19 disease, there was a trend towards critical disease in blood group A and O (n=83, 41.1%; n=183, 35.1%; OR, 11.34 (95% CI, 46.79-53.22); p<0.001). Logistic regression demonstrates blood group O and AB as predictors for severe COVID-19 disease (O: OR: 0.438 (95% CI: 0.168-1.139) p=0.090; AB: OR: 0.415 (95% CI: 0.165-1.046) p=0.062) and cause-specific hazards ratio (HR) for survival function was 3.206 (p=0.361) among all blood groups.ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of blood group O was higher in this cohort, hospital stay, severity of disease, and mortality were associated with blood group A. Further studies are needed for understanding the underlying mechanism behind the association of blood groups with COVID-19.
Locus Coeruleus Integrity from 7T MRI Relates to Apathy and Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Ye Rong , O’Callaghan Claire , Rua Catarina , Hezemans Frank H. , Holland Negin , Malpetti Maura , Jones P. Simon , Barker Roger A. , Williams-Gray Caroline H. , Robbins Trevor W. , Passamonti Luca , Rowe James 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe loss of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus contributes to neuropsychiatric symptoms in both Parkinson’s disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This study aimed to characterise the spatial patterns of locus coeruleus pathological change in PD and PSP, and its relationship to cognitive and psychiatric symptoms.MethodsTwenty-five patients meeting clinical criteria for idiopathic PD, fourteen probable PSP-Richardson’s syndrome and twenty-four age-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent clinical assessments for cognition and apathy, and high-resolution (0.08 mm3) 7T-magnetisation-transfer imaging to measure LC integrity in vivo. To establish spatial patterns of locus coeruleus change, we obtained sub-region summaries of mean contrast ratios and significant locus coeruleus clusters using voxelwise analyses (family-wise-corrected p<0.05); we further correlated the locus coeruleus contrast with measures of apathy and cognition.ResultsReduced contrast was observed in the caudal locus coeruleus for both PD and PSP relative to controls, with significant regional and voxelwise differences (HC>PD, right caudal locus coeruleus, 37 voxels; HC>PSP, bilateral caudal locus coeruleus, 206 voxels). PSP and PD patients showed similar levels of locus coeruleus degeneration relative to controls, but this was spatially more extensive in PSP. Across both groups, variability of locus coeruleus integrity was associated with cognitive performance (MoCA: 200 voxels; ACE-R: 70 voxels) and apathy (Apathy Scale: 99 voxels).ConclusionsThe relationship between locus coeruleus structure and non-motor symptoms highlights a role for noradrenergic dysfunction across both PD and PSP, confirming the potential for noradrenergic therapeutic strategies to address transdiagnostic cognitive and behavioural features in neurodegenerative disease.
COVID-Nets: Deep CNN Architectures for Detecting COVID-19 Using Chest CT Scans
Authors: Alshazly Hammam , Linse Christoph , Abdalla Mohamed , Barth Erhardt , Martinetz Thomas 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces two novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures for automated detection of COVID-19. The first model, CovidResNet, is inspired by the deep residual network (ResNet) architecture. The second model, CovidDenseNet, exploits the power of densely connected convolutional networks (DenseNet). The proposed networks are designed to provide fast and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 using computed tomography (CT) images for the multi-class and binary classification tasks. The architectures are utilized in a first experimental study on the SARS-CoV-2 CT-scan dataset, which contains 4173 CT images for 210 subjects structured in a subject-wise manner for three different classes. First, we train and test the networks to differentiate COVID-19, non-COVID-19 viral infections, and healthy. Second, we train and test the networks on binary classification with three different scenarios: COVID-19 vs. healthy, COVID-19 vs. other non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia vs. healthy. Our proposed models achieve up to 93.96% accuracy, 99.13% precision, 94% sensitivity, 97.73% specificity, and a 95.80% F1-score for binary classification, and up to 83.89% accuracy, 80.36% precision, 82% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and a 81% F1-score for the three-class classification tasks. The experimental results reveal the validity and effectiveness of the proposed networks in automated COVID-19 detection. The proposed models also outperform the baseline ResNet and DenseNet architectures while being more efficient.
Pharmacovigilance Analysis on Cerebrovascular Accidents and Coronavirus disease 2019 Vaccines
Authors: Aggarwal Lt. Pushkar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecently, there have been reports of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) occurring in individuals who have received the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.ObjectiveThe objective of this analysis was to determine if a statistically significant signal exists in post-marketing safety reports between CVA and the three COVID-19 vaccines being administered in the United States of America (Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen).MethodsA pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis on adverse events reported with COVID-19 vaccines was conducted using data from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.ResultsA statistically significant signal was found between CVA events and each of the three COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech’s, Moderna’s and Janssen’s) in the VAERS database. Females and individuals of age 65 or older had higher number of case reports of CVA events with the COVID-19 vaccines. Females had also more COVID-19 adverse event reports in which a CVA was reported and resulted in the patient having permanent disability or death.LimitationsRandomized controlled trials are needed to further analyze this signal.ConclusionPatients should be made aware of the risk-benefit and symptoms to watch out for that may indicate the onset of a CVA and informed to seek medical care as soon as possible if they develop these symptoms.
Men and sexual and reproductive healthcare in the Nordic countries: a scoping review
Authors: Baroudi Mazen , Stoor Jon Petter , Blåhed Hanna , Edin Kerstin , Hurtig Anna-Karin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContextMen generally seek healthcare less often than women and, other than traditional gender norms, less is known about the explanation. The aim was to identify knowledge gaps and factors influencing men regarding sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRHC) in the Nordic countries.MethodsWe searched PubMed and SveMed+ for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2020. The analyses identified factors influencing men’s experiences of and access to SRHC.ResultsThe majority of the 68 articles included focused on pregnancy, birth, infertility, and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. During pregnancy and childbirth, men were treated as accompanying partners rather than individuals with their own needs. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers were crucial for their ability to provide SRHC and for the experiences of men. Organizational obstacles, such as women-centred SRHC and no assigned profession, hindered men’s access to SRHC. Lastly, the literature rarely discussed the impact of health policies on men’s access to SRHC.ConclusionsThe identified knowledge gap indicates the necessity of the improved health and medical education of healthcare providers, as well as of health system interventions.
The correlation between fetal frontal lobe development parameters and gestational week: A preliminary study
Authors: Pingping Xu , Dirong Zhang , Yu Shi , Dandan Li , Yuan Li , Fengbei Kong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a reference range of developmental parameters related to the frontal lobe of normal fetuses in different gestational weeks, which can provide a basis for the evaluation of normal development of the frontal lobe and the diagnosis of suspected fetal microcephaly.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was performed on 751 normal fetuses between 21 and 36 weeks, and the anterior-posterior diameter and transverse diameter of the frontal lobe were measured in transcerebellar plane. Linear regression analysis was performed by grouping different gestational weeks.ResultsFetal anterior-posterior diameter and transverse diameter of the frontal lobe were positively correlated with gestational week with correlation coefficients 0.871 and 0.971 respectively. There was a linear relationship between gestational weeks and frontal lobe parameters, and the equations were simplified to obtain the simple correlation formula: fetal frontal lobe anterior-posterior diameter(mm)=14.5+0.7×(gestational week-21), frontal lobe transverse diameter (mm)=41+2.5×(gestational week-21).ConclusionThe reference ranges of the frontal lobe anterior-posterior diameter and the frontal lobe transverse diameter of normal fetuses between 21 to 36 weeks in transcerebellar plane were established, which can provide valuable information for the evaluation of normal development of the frontal lobe and the diagnosis of suspicious fetal microcephaly.What’s already known about this topic?We currently lack a golden standard to diagnosis microcephaly and fetal frontal lobe dysplasia is a clue for prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly.What does this study add?This study presents a novel evaluation of the fetal frontal lobe to better assess brain development in the transcerebellar plane.The fetal frontal lobe developmental diameters will be useful to aid diagnosis of suspicious microcephaly and other cortical developmental disorders.