bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D3 administration prevents memory deficit and alteration of biochemical parameters induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress in rats
Authors: Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi Hossein , Izadi Saeed , Zare Mostafa , Asgari Hassanlouei Elham , Dinpanah Hossein , Ahmadi-Soleimani S. Mohammad , Beheshti Farimah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 (Vit D) administration on memory function, hippocampal level of amyloid-beta (Aβ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress status in a rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Vit D was intraperitoneally administered at doses of 100, 1000, and 10,000 IU/kg. Animals were subjected to UCMS for a total period of 4 weeks. Memory function was assessed using morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. Biochemical markers were measured to reveal the status of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. In addition, the levels of Aβ and BDNF were measured in hippocampal region. In the UCMS group, latency to find the platform was greater and the time spent in target quadrant (MWM test) as well as the latency to enter the dark compartment (PA test), were less than the vehicle group. Hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and Aβ concentrations in the UCMS group were higher than the vehicle group. Hippocampal level of thiol and BDNF plus the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced in UCMS group compared to the control subjects (i.e. vehicle group). Interestingly, Vit D treatment supplementation reversed the mentioned effects of UCMS. Our findings indicated that Vit D administration improves UCMS-induced impairment of learning and memory through prevention of adverse effects on Aβ, BDNF and oxidative stress parameters.
Modelling and numerical computation for flow of micropolar fluid towards an exponential curved surface: a Keller box method
Authors: Shi Qiu-Hong , Shabbir Tayyaba , Mushtaq M. , Khan M. Ijaz , Shah Zahir , Kumam Poom 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe numerical analysis of MHD boundary layer non-Newtonian micropolar fluid due to an exponentially curved stretching sheet is developed in this study. In the energy equation effects of viscous dissipation are included. For the mathematical description of the governing equations curvilinear coordinates are used. By utilizing exponential similarity variables, the modelled partial differential equations (PDEs) are reduced into ordinary ones. The resultant non-linear ODEs are numerically solved with two methods shooting and Keller box method. The study reveals that the governing parameters, namely, radius of curvature, material parameter, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number have major effects on the fluid velocity, micro-rotation velocity, surface friction, couple stress and heat transfer rate. The results indicate that the magnetic field diminishes the fluid velocity inside the hydrodynamics boundary layer whereas it enhances the temperature inside the thermal boundary layer. Microrotation profile decreases near the surface, as the magnetic parameter and radius of curvature increases but far away behavior is opposite. The material parameter enhances the velocity and microrotation profile whereas, opposite behaviors is noticed for the temperature distribution. Obtained outcomes are also compared with the existing literature and the comparison shows a good agreement with existing studies.
Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm very low birth weight infants admitted to an Italian tertiary center over an 11-year period
Authors: Longo Stefania , Caporali Camilla , Pisoni Camilla , Borghesi Alessandro , Perotti Gianfranco , Tritto Giovanna , Olivieri Ivana , La Piana Roberta , Tonduti Davide , Decio Alice , Ariaudo Giada , Spairani Silvia , Naboni Cecilia , Gardella Barbara , Spinillo Arsenio , Manzoni Federica , Tinelli Carmine , Stronati Mauro , Orcesi Simona 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreterm very low birth weight infants (VLBWi) are known to be at greater risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Identifying early factors associated with outcome is essential in order to refer patients for early intervention. Few studies have investigated neurodevelopmental outcome in Italian VLBWi. The aim of our longitudinal study is to describe neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months of corrected age in an eleven-year cohort of 502 Italian preterm VLBWi and to identify associations with outcome. At 24 months, Griffiths’ Mental Developmental Scales were administered. Neurodevelopmental outcome was classified as: normal, minor sequelae (minor neurological signs, General Quotient between 76 and 87), major sequelae (cerebral palsy; General Quotient ≤ 75; severe sensory impairment). 75.3% showed a normal outcome, 13.9% minor sequelae and 10.8% major sequelae (3.8% cerebral palsy). Male gender, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, abnormal neonatal neurological assessment and severe brain ultrasound abnormalities were independently associated with poor outcome on multivariate ordered logistic regression. Rates of major sequelae are in line with international studies, as is the prevalence of developmental delay over cerebral palsy. Analysis of perinatal complications and the combination of close cUS monitoring and neurological assessment are still essential for early identification of infants with adverse outcome.
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein B correlates cerebral vessel reactivity following carotid artery stenting
Authors: Yuan Xiaofan , Guo Lei , Wang Jianhong , Wang Duozi , Yang Shu , Guo Fuqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing detection markers in serum has the advantages of simplicity, repeatability and the capability. This study combined the use of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B protein (S100B) with imaging tools to confirm the role of serum biomarkers in evaluating the cerebral vessel reactivity after carotid artery stenting (CAS). After CAS, the serum concentrations of GFAP and S100B increased to the peak at 24 h after operation, and then gradually decreased. The mean flow velocity (MFV) (pre-operation, post-operation, 30 days follow-up: 47.65 ± 17.24 cm/s, 62.37 ± 18.25 cm/s, 70.29 ± 16.89 cm/s; P < 0.05) and pulsatility index (PI) (pre-operation, post-operation, 30 days follow-up: 0.78 ± 0.21, 0.98 ± 0.19, 1.02 ± 0.20; P < 0.05) increased significantly in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery after CAS. At the 30-day follow-up, the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) (post-operation, 30 days follow-up: 27.47 ± 12.13 cm/s, 31.92 ± 10.94 cm/s; P < 0.05) improved significantly. In patients with different degrees of stenosis, the more severe the stenosis in the carotid artery, the more obvious the improvement of CVR at the 30 days of follow-up (CVR changes: 11.08 ± 7.95 cm/s, Kendall’s tau-b = 0.645, P < 0.001). And the serum concentrations of GFAP (r = − 0.629, P < 0.0001) and S100B (r = − 0.604, P < 0.0001) correlated negatively with CVR at 30 days after CAS. Therefore, we recommend using the biomarkers GFAP and S100B associated with imaging tools such as transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the cerebral vessel reactivity following CAS.
ATF6 is required for efficient rhodopsin clearance and retinal homeostasis in the P23H rho retinitis pigmentosa mouse model
Authors: Lee Eun-Jin , Chan Priscilla , Chea Leon , Kim Kyle , Kaufman Randal J. , Lin Jonathan H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRetinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a blinding disease that arises from loss of rods and subsequently cones. The P23H rhodopsin knock-in (P23H-KI) mouse develops retinal degeneration that mirrors RP phenotype in patients carrying the orthologous variant. Previously, we found that the P23H rhodopsin protein was degraded in P23H-KI retinas, and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) promoted P23H rhodopsin degradation in heterologous cells in vitro. Here, we investigated the role of a UPR regulator gene, activating transcription factor 6 (Atf6), in rhodopsin protein homeostasis in heterozygous P23H rhodopsin (Rho+/P23H) mice. Significantly increased rhodopsin protein levels were found in Atf6−/−Rho+/P23H retinas compared to Atf6+/−Rho+/P23H retinas at early ages (~ P12), while rhodopsin mRNA levels were not different. The IRE1 pathway of the UPR was hyper-activated in young Atf6−/−Rho+/P23H retinas, and photoreceptor layer thickness was unchanged at this early age in Rho+/P23H mice lacking Atf6. By contrast, older Atf6−/−Rho+/P23H mice developed significantly increased retinal degeneration in comparison to Atf6+/−Rho+/P23H mice in all retinal layers, accompanied by reduced rhodopsin protein levels. Our findings demonstrate that Atf6 is required for efficient clearance of rhodopsin protein in rod photoreceptors expressing P23H rhodopsin, and that loss of Atf6 ultimately accelerates retinal degeneration in P23H-KI mice.
Chronic choriocapillaris ischemia in dilated vortex vein region in pachychoroid neovasculopathy
Authors: Matsumoto Hidetaka , Hoshino Junki , Mukai Ryo , Nakamura Kosuke , Kishi Shoji , Akiyama Hideo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe evaluated choroidal congestion using multimodal imaging in pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). In a retrospective case series of 100 eyes of 99 treatment-naïve PNV patients, their clinical records were reviewed and the corresponding multimodal imaging studies were analyzed. We assessed areas of choriocapillaris filling delay which overlapped with dilated outer choroidal vessels, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. The study subjects were 78 men (78.8%) and 21 women (21.2%). The mean patient age was 67.5 ± 10.5 years. On indocyanine green angiography, all eyes showed choriocapillaris filling delay in the early phase. Dilated outer choroidal vessels were demonstrated in all eyes by en face optical coherence tomography. The areas of choriocapillaris filling delay overlapped extensively with that of dilated outer choroidal vessels. All eyes showed CNV localized within the sites of choriocapillaris filling delay. RPE atrophy was noted in 71 eyes (71.0%), and 68 of these (95.8%) had RPE atrophy within the areas showing choriocapillaris filling delay. These findings indicate that chronic choriocapillaris ischemia secondary to vortex vein congestion may lead to CNV development as well as RPE atrophy in eyes with PNV.
Environmental risk evaluation of overseas mining investment based on game theory and an extension matter element model
Authors: He Hujun , Xing Rui , Han Ke , Yang Junjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTaking into account the limitations of the single weighting method presently used for the environmental risk evaluation of overseas mining investment, an improved extension evaluation method based on game theory was developed. The method was then applied to real data from the Philippines and used to establish the congener element object and classical domain of the environmental risk of mining investment in the Philippines, based on extension matter element theory. The optimal index weights, based on a balance of subjective and objective results, were obtained from game theory, the analytic hierarchy process, and entropy weight theory. This enabled calculation of the association function values of evaluation indexes in the Philippines and the environmental risk level of overseas mining investment. Finally, given the weighting and association function values, the environmental risk level of mining investment in the Philippines was determined to be level II (higher risk). These results show that the proposed model is effective for evaluating the environmental risk of overseas mining investment.
Harnessing electronic health records to study emerging environmental disasters: a proof of concept with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Authors: Boland Mary Regina , Davidson Lena M. , Canelón Silvia P. , Meeker Jessica , Penning Trevor , Holmes John H. , Moore Jason H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental disasters are anthropogenic catastrophic events that affect health. Famous disasters include the Seveso disaster and the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear meltdown, which had disastrous health consequences. Traditional methods for studying environmental disasters are costly and time-intensive. We propose the use of electronic health records (EHR) and informatics methods to study the health effects of emergent environmental disasters in a cost-effective manner. An emergent environmental disaster is exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Philadelphia area. Penn Medicine (PennMed) comprises multiple hospitals and facilities within the Philadelphia Metropolitan area, including over three thousand PFAS-exposed women living in one of the highest PFAS exposure areas nationwide. We developed a high-throughput method that utilizes only EHR data to evaluate the disease risk in this heavily exposed population. We replicated all five disease/conditions implicated by PFAS exposure, including hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disease, proteinuria, kidney disease and colitis, either directly or via closely related diagnoses. Using EHRs coupled with informatics enables the health impacts of environmental disasters to be more easily studied in large cohorts versus traditional methods that rely on interviews and expensive serum-based testing. By reducing cost and increasing the diversity of individuals included in studies, we can overcome many of the hurdles faced by previous studies, including a lack of racial and ethnic diversity. This proof-of-concept study confirms that EHRs can be used to study human health and disease impacts of environmental disasters and produces equivalent disease-exposure knowledge to prospective epidemiology studies while remaining cost-effective.
Hydroquinone redox mediator enhances the photovoltaic performances of chlorophyll-based bio-inspired solar cells
Authors: Duan Shengnan , Uragami Chiasa , Horiuchi Kota , Hino Kazuki , Wang Xiao-Feng , Sasaki Shin-ichi , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChlorophyll (Chl) derivatives have recently been proposed as photoactive materials in next-generation bio-inspired solar cells, because of their natural abundance, environmental friendliness, excellent photoelectric performance, and biodegradability. However, the intrinsic excitation dynamics of Chl derivatives remain unclear. Here, we show sub-nanosecond pump–probe time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of Chl derivatives both in solution and solid film states. We observe the formation of triplet-excited states of Chl derivatives both in deoxygenated solutions and in film samples by adding all-trans-β-carotene as a triplet scavenger. In addition, radical species of the Chl derivatives in solution were identified by adding hydroquinone as a cation radical scavenger and/or anion radical donor. These radical species (either cations or anions) can become carriers in Chl-derivative-based solar cells. Remarkably, the introduction of hydroquinone to the film samples enhanced the carrier lifetimes and the power conversion efficiency of Chl-based solar cells by 20% (from pristine 1.29% to 1.55%). This enhancement is due to a charge recombination process of Chl-A+/Chl-D–, which is based on the natural Z-scheme process of photosynthesis.
Optimized design of a novel yokeless mover permanent magnet linear generator for free‐piston stirling engines applied to solar cogeneration systems
Authors: Tajdiny Arman , Monsef Hassan , Lessani Hamid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConsidering the growing environmental issues, the use of renewable energy converters such as solar cogeneration systems has received more attention during recent years. Solar cogeneration systems convert the thermal energy of solar radiation into mechanical energy (by means of a free‐piston Stirling engine) and then into electrical energy (by means of a linear generator). This paper introduces the novel yokeless mover permanent magnet linear generator (YMPMLG) to reduce mover mass, increase power density, increase thrust and decrease the normal force on the mover, which can make this generator a more suitable structure for operating in solar cogeneration systems. This paper is initiated with a comparative study of a YMPMLG with two reported prototypes in this field. Three generators with similar characteristics are simulated by the finite element method (FEM). The magnetic field flux density, power density, thrust coefficient, normal force, and efficiency parameters are analysed and compared in three generators. Following that, some dimensional parameters of the YMPMLG, including generator diameter and length and permanent magnet dimensions are optimized to achieve the highest possible power density and thrust coefficient using the ‘hybrid genetic and pattern search’ algorithm. The highest power density and efficiency are 0.58 kW/kg and 90.3%, respectively. In the end, the YMPMLG prototype has been tested to validate the results of the FEM method.
One size does not fit all: Evidence for a range of mixing efficiencies in stellar evolution calculations
Authors: Johnston C. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Internal chemical mixing in intermediate- and high-mass stars represents an immense uncertainty in stellar evolution models. In addition to extending the main sequence lifetime, chemical mixing also appreciably increases the mass of the stellar core. Several studies have made attempts to calibrate the efficiency of different convective boundary mixing mechanisms, with sometimes seemingly conflicting results.
Aims. We aim to demonstrate that stellar models regularly under-predict the masses of convective stellar cores.
Methods. We gather convective core mass and fractional core hydrogen content inferences from numerous independent binary and asteroseismic studies, and compare them to stellar evolution models computed with the MESA stellar evolution code.
Results. We demonstrate that core mass inferences from the literature are ubiquitously more massive than predicted by stellar evolution models with no or with little convective boundary mixing.
Conclusions. Independent of the form of internal mixing, stellar models require an efficient mixing mechanism that produces more massive cores throughout the main sequence in order to reproduce high-precision observations. This has implications for the post-main sequence evolution of all stars that have a well-developed convective core on the main sequence.
Diabetische Retinopathie
Authors: Barth Teresa , Helbig Horst 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie diabetische Retinopathie (DR) ist die häufigste Ursache für schwere
Sehbehinderung und Erblindung im erwerbstätigen Alter. Eine subjektive
Beeinträchtigung des Sehvermögens tritt häufig erst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien
der DR ein. Daher sind Screening-Maßnahmen asymptomatischer Patienten und eine
stadiengerechte Behandlung essenziell. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen praxisbezogenen
Überblick über diagnostische und therapeutische Prinzipien der
nicht-proliferativen und proliferativen Form.
Abbildungseigenschaften von Brillengläsern
Authors: Reiß Stephan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungNicht selten kommt es vor, dass Patienten trotz genauester Durchführung einer Augenglasbestimmung eine Unverträglichkeit der angefertigten Brille beklagen. Hierfür können die Ursachen vielfältig sein. Die Kenntnis der Abbildungseigenschaften von Brillengläsern ist wesentlich für die Verordnung einer verträglichen Brille. Im Folgenden werden diese hinsichtlich der Verordnung einer Fern-, Nah- und Gleitsichtbrille analysiert.
Effects of 7-week Resistance Training on Handcycle Performance in Able-bodied Males
Authors: Abonie Ulric Sena , Albada Tryntje , Morrien Floor , van der Woude Lucas , Hettinga Florentina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effect of an upper body resistance training program on maximal and
submaximal handcycling performance in able-bodied males was explored.
Eighteen able-bodied men were randomly assigned to a training group (TG:
n=10) and a control group (CG: n=8). TG received 7 weeks of
upper body resistance training (60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM),
3×10 repetitions, 6 exercise stations, 2 times per week). CG
received no training. Peak values for oxygen uptake
(V˙O2peak), power output (POpeak), heart
rate (HRpeak), minute ventilation (V˙OEpeak)
and respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak), submaximal values (HR,
V˙O2, RER, PO, and gross mechanical efficiency (GE)),
and time to exhaustion (TTE) were determined in an incremental test pre- and
post-training. Maximal isokinetic arm strength and 1RM tests were conducted.
Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. A two-way repeated
measures ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were performed to examine the effect
of time, group and its interaction (p<0.05). TG improved on
POpeak (8.55%), TTE (10.73%), and 1RM
(12.28–38.98%). RPE at the same stage during pre- and
post-test was lower during the post-test (8.17%). Despite no
improvements in V˙O2peak, training improved
POpeak, muscular strength, and TTE. Upper body resistance
training has the potential to improve handcycling performance.
Editorial
Authors: Schifferdecker-Hoch Frank , Hollmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,auch in der Bewegungsförderung und der Therapie hält das Thema Digitalisierung langsam, aber sicher Einzug. Während erste Therapiemaßnahmen mit der Einführung des Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetzes und der Markteinführung der ersten DiGAs (Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen) bereits einen digitalen Weg einschlagen, werden Abläufe vor Ort in Organisation und Therapiedurchführung vorwiegend noch mit Stift und Papier oder einfachen computergestützten Systemen gemeistert. Wie die digitale Praxis in nur wenigen Jahren aussehen kann, beschreiben Schifferdecker-Hoch et al. in ihrem Artikel.
Digitalisierung im therapeutischen Umfeld – Bestandsaufnahme und Ausblick
Authors: Schifferdecker-Hoch Frank , Droese Jens , Ayensa Jennifer Sion , Hollmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung hat in den letzten Jahren immer mehr Branchen erfasst. Auch das deutsche Gesundheitswesen bleibt davon nicht ausgenommen, wenngleich durch die besondere Regulatorik des deutschen Gesundheitssystems die Aufnahme von digitalen Elementen nur schleppend voran geht. Daran hat auch das Pandemiejahr nicht grundlegend etwas verändert, wie der neue Digitalindex der Initiative D 21 zeigt. Ausgehend von einer terminologischen Begriffsbestimmung zur Digitalisierung wird im Kontext des Gesundheitswesens eine Abstufung in 5 Stufen vorgeschlagen. Die Graduierung zerlegt den Komplexbegriff Digitalisierung und zeigt praxisnahe Stufen und Möglichkeiten auf. In einem darauf aufbauenden Zukunftsszenario wird eine Option der zukünftigen Inanspruchnahme eine Therapie gezeigt, von der ersten Kontaktaufnahme beim Arzt bis zur Abrechnung der Leistung in einer Praxis.