bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Process Models and Information Engagement: Testing Effects of Seeking, Scanning, and Trust in Sources on Attitudes Toward Marijuana
Authors: Lewis Nehama , Rossmann Constanze , de Bruijn Gert-Jan , Martinez Lourdes S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study uses a three-wave prospective longitudinal survey (at 6-month intervals) to test effects of information seeking and scanning on attitudes toward marijuana among college students in Israel (N = 700). We integrate constructs from the elaboration likelihood model to contrast processes of attitude change among individuals who vary in moderators of information processing depth (motivation and ability). In addition, we test whether trust in the information source moderates these processes, and use propensity score matching to reduce bias. Results of autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models show that scanning from interpersonal sources predicted attitudes toward marijuana among individuals who were low in elaboration motivation or ability. Seeking and scanning information about marijuana from interpersonal sources were positively associated with attitudes toward marijuana among individuals higher in elaboration motivation and ability, who had greater trust in the source. Implications for information processing models, seeking and scanning, and campaigns are discussed.
Determinants of impairments in functioning, fatigue, and participation ability in pediatric brain tumor survivors
Authors: Verwaaijen Emma J , Catsman-Berrevoets Coriene E , Maurice-Stam Heleen , Dessens Arianne B , Waslander Richelle , van den Adel Tabitha P L , Pluijm Saskia M F , Reddingius Roel E , Michiels Erna , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M , Hartman Annelies 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience disease- and treatment-related sequelae. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of participation limitations, impairments in functioning, fatigue, and the association between patient, tumor- and treatment-related factors and these outcomes.

Methods
Children (4–18 years) after treatment for a brain tumor between 2005 and 2014 at the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were eligible. The parent-reported Child and Family Follow-up Survey developed to measure participation and impairments in functioning in youth with acquired brain injury, was used. Fatigue was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Associations with patient, tumor- and treatment-related factors were explored using univariable analyses.

Results
Ninety-one PBTS (median age: 11.3 years [range: 9.5–14.1], time since treatment: 3.9 years [range: 4–6.2]) were included (response rate: 55%). Participation limitations were reported in 53% and were associated with impairments in functioning (15–67%) (P ≤ .01) and fatigue (P ≤ .03).
Parent- and child-reported fatigue was increased compared to normative values (P ≤ .02). History of hydrocephalus was associated with increased fatigue (P ≤ .04). Younger age at diagnosis and longer time since diagnosis were associated with impairments in functioning and cognitive fatigue (P &lt; .05).
Participation limitations, impairments in functioning and fatigue were similar in PBTS who were &lt;3 or ≥3 years since completion of treatment.

Conclusion
More than half of PBTS reported limited participation ability, which is associated with impairments in functioning and fatigue. The complication hydrocephalus seems to lead to more fatigue. Participation limitations, impairments in functioning and fatigue appear not to diminish in the longer term.
Non-embryotoxic dosage of alternariol aggravates ochratoxin A-triggered deleterious effects on embryonic development through ROS-dependent apoptotic processes
Authors: Huang Chien-Hsun , Wang Fu-Ting , Hsuuw Yan-Der , Huang Fu-Jen , Chan Wen-Hsiung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) and ochratoxin A (OTA), two mycotoxins found in many foods worldwide, exhibit cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity, triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several mammalian cells and mouse embryos. The absorption rate of AOH from dietary foodstuff is low, meaning that the amount of AOH obtained from the diet rarely approaches the cytotoxic threshold. Thus, the potential harm of dietary consumption of AOH is generally neglected. However, previous findings from our group and others led us to question whether a low dosage of AOH could aggravate the cytotoxicity of other mycotoxins. In the present study, we examined how low dosages of AOH affected OTA-triggered apoptosis and embryotoxicity and investigated the underlying regulatory mechanism in mouse blastocysts. Our results revealed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of AOH (1 and 2 μM) could enhance OTA (8 μM)-triggered apoptotic processes and embryotoxicity in mouse blastocysts. We also found that AOH can enhance OTA-evoked intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and that this could be prevented by pretreatment with the potent ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine. Finally, we observed that this ROS generation acts as a key inducer of caspase-dependent apoptotic processes and subsequent impairments of embryo implantation and pre- and post-implantation embryonic development. In sum, our results show that non-cytotoxic dosages of AOH can aggravate OTA-triggered apoptosis and embryotoxicity through ROS- and caspase-dependent signaling pathways.
The Life Cycle and Ultrastructure of the Host Response of the Smut Pathogen Anthracocystis destruens on Broomcorn Millet
Authors: Wu Enguo , Liu Long , Zhu Mingqi , Wu Huiqin , Yang Qinghua , Li Jing , Han Xiaowei , Feng Baili 
Published: November 2021

Broomcorn millet smut caused by the fungus Anthracocystis destruens is one of the most destructive diseases in broomcorn millet production. The life cycle of A. destruens and host defense responses against A. destruens remain elusive. Here we investigated the disease symptom development and the parasitic process of A. destruens as well as the ultrastructure of the host–pathogen interface. The results showed that there are four typical symptoms of broomcorn millet smut, which are blackfly, cluster leaves, hedgehog head, and incomplete fruiting. A. destruens colonizes all tissues of broomcorn millet but produces teliospores only in the inflorescence. After infection, A. destruens proliferates in the host, likely in a systemic manner. Ultrastructural study of the infected inflorescence showed that the pathogen grows intercellularly and intracellularly within the host. The host activates defense response to prevent pathogen infection, accumulation of callose analogs and highly electron-dense deposits to resist A. destruens infection.
How Trainees Come to Trust Supervisors in Workplace-Based Assessment: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Castanelli Damian J. , Weller Jennifer M. , Molloy Elizabeth , Bearman Margaret 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
In competency-based medical education, workplace-based assessment provides trainees with an opportunity for guidance and supervisors the opportunity to judge the trainees’ clinical practice. Learning from assessment is enhanced when trainees reveal their thinking and are open to critique, which requires trust in the assessor. If supervisors knew more about how trainees come to trust them in workplace-based assessment, they could better engender trainee trust and improve trainees’ learning experience.

Method
From August 2018 to September 2019, semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 postgraduate anesthesia trainees across Australia and New Zealand. The transcripts were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory methods sensitized by a sociocultural view of learning informed by Wenger’s communities of practice theory.

Results
Participants described a continuum from a necessary initial trust to an experience-informed dynamic trust. Trainees assumed initial trust in supervisors based on accreditation, reputation, and a perceived obligation of trustworthiness inherent in the supervisor’s role. With experience and time, trainees’ trust evolved based on supervisor actions. Deeper levels of trainee trust arose in response to perceived supervisor investment and allowed trainees to devote more emotional and cognitive resources to patient care and learning rather than impression management. Across the continuum from initial trust to experience-informed trust, trainees made rapid trust judgments that were not preceded by conscious deliberation; instead, they represented a learned “feel for the game.”

Conclusions
While other factors are involved, our results indicate that the trainee behavior observed in workplace-based assessment is a product of supervisor invitation. Supervisor trustworthiness and investment in trainee development invite trainees to work and present in authentic ways in workplace-based assessment. This authentic engagement, where learners “show themselves” to supervisors and take risks, creates assessment for learning.
CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 modulates cognitive dysfunction induced by sleep deprivation
Authors: Xin Jiawei , Wang Chao , Cheng Xiaojuan , Xie Changfu , Zhang Qiuyang , Ke Yilang , Huang Xuanyu , Chen Xiaochun , Pan Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
Microglia plays an indispensable role in the pathological process of sleep deprivation (SD). Here, the potential role of microglial CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in modulating the cognition decline during SD was evaluated in terms of microglial neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning. In this study, we aimed to investigat whether the interference in the microglial function by the CX3CR1 knockout affects the CNS's response to SD.

Methods:
Middle-aged wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and CX3CR1−/− mice were either subjected to SD or allowed normal sleep (S) for 8 h to mimic the pathophysiological changes of middle-aged people after staying up all night. After which, behavioral and histological tests were used to explore their different changes.

Results:
CX3CR1 deficiency prevented SD-induced cognitive impairments, unlike WT groups. Compared with the CX3CR1−/− S group, the CX3CR1−/− SD mice reported a markedly decreased microglia and cellular oncogene fos density in the dentate gyrus (DG), decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased microglial phagocytosis-related factors, whereas increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and a significant increase in the density of spines of the DG were also noted.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to different cerebral behaviors and responses to SD. The inflammation-attenuating activity and the related modification of synaptic pruning are possible mechanism candidates, which indicate CX3CR1 as a candidate therapeutic target for the prevention of the sleep loss-induced cognitive impairments.
Clinical Site Visits: Exploring the Perspectives of the Director of Clinical Education
Authors: Greco Jamie L. , Hochman Lori , Jung Min-Kyung , Silberman Nicki 
Published: November 2021

Introduction.
Best practice in clinical education (CE) includes the formation of strong relationships through collaborative communication among all stakeholders. Directors of Clinical Education (DCEs) may establish this through a site visit (SV) during student CE experiences (CEEs) but several barriers to conducting SVs have been identified, including scheduling of visits, time, and cost. There is sparse literature describing the DCEs most preferred method of communication when conducting SVs. This study explored whether DCEs perceive SVs as important, their preferred method of communication used to conduct these SVs, and the reasons underlying these preferences.

Methods.
A survey of both scaled and open-ended questions was sent to 300 DCEs/assistant DCEs from Commission on Accreditations in Physical Therapy Education accredited Physical Therapy programs. The response rate was 41%.

Results.
Statistical analysis showed DCE preference for in-person SVs over other forms of communication while also rating them as “very effective.” Directors of Clinical Education indicated that the primary purposes of an SV are to nurture academic–clinical relationships and to exchange information. In-person SVs offer a more complete picture of the CEE and allow the DCE to observe non-verbal cues that are not afforded by other types of communication. The recent pandemic has caused a shift to an increased use of videoconferencing for SVs. The DCEs acknowledged that there is no “one size fits all” approach to the SV process.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Similar to students, DCEs prefer and value in-person communication for SVs but are mindful that clinician preferences warrant a degree of flexibility in communication methods and the structure of the SV. Videoconferencing may be an alternative during circumstances when an in-person SV is not possible. Future research in this area should explore the clinician perspective.
Comprehensive O-GlcNAc glycoproteomics on NOTCH1 EGF repeats implicated unique Lewis X epitopes in mammals
Authors: Tsukamoto Yohei , Ogawa Mitsutaka , Yogi Kentarou , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Okajima Tetsuya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe O-GlcNAc modification of Notch receptors regulates Notch ligand interactions in a manner distinct from other forms of O-glycans on epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of Notch receptors. Although many proteins, besides Notch receptors, are expected to be O-GlcNAcylated by EGF domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), only a small number of proteins have been reported to be modified in vivo, and elongated O-GlcNAc glycans have not been extensively explored. To extend our view of the specificity and variety of the glycan modification, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of O-GlcNAc glycans on NOTCH1 in mammals. Mass spectrometric analysis of NOTCH1 fragments expressed in HEK293T cells revealed that several EGF domains with putative O-GlcNAcylation sites were hardly modified with O-GlcNAc. Although amino acid residues before the modification site are preferentially occupied with aromatic residues, Phe and Tyr are preferable to Trp for the apparent modification with O-GlcNAc. Furthermore, a minor form of fucosylated O-GlcNAc glycans was detected in a subset of EGF domains. Fucosylation of O-GlcNAc glycans was enhanced by FUT1, FUT2, or FUT9 expression. The FUT9-dependent Lewis X epitope was confirmed by immunoblotting using an anti-Lewis X antibody. As expected from the similarity in the glycan structures, the Lexis X antigen was detected on O-fucose glycans. Our results refined the putative consensus sequence for the EOGT-dependent extracellular O-GlcNAc modification in mammals and revealed the structural diversity of functional Notch O-glycans.
Microniches in biofilm depth are hot-spots for antibiotic resistance acquisition in response to in situ stress
Authors: Tlili Linda , Ploy Marie-Cécile , Da Re Sandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClass 1 integrons play a major role in antibiotic resistance dissemination among Gram-negative bacteria. They are genetic platforms able to capture, exchange and express antibiotic resistance gene cassettes. The integron integrase, whose expression is regulated by the bacterial SOS response, is the key element of the integron catalyzing insertion/excision/shuffling of gene cassettes. We previously demonstrated that the basal level of integrase expression and in consequence, its activity, is increased via the starvation-induced stringent response in the biofilm population. However, biofilms are heterogeneous environments where bacteria are under various physiological states. Here we thus analyzed at the bacterial level, the SOS response and integrase expression within the biofilm, using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. We showed that in the absence of exogenous stress, only a small number of bacteria (~ 1%) located in the depth of the biofilm induce the SOS-response leading to a high level of integrase expression, through both a stringent response-dependent and -independent manner. Our results thus indicate that few bacteria located in microniches of the biofilm depth undergo sufficient endogenous stress to promote the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, forming a reservoir of bacteria ready to rapidly resist antibiotic treatments.
Dimensionality reduction by sparse orthogonal projection with applications to miRNA expression analysis and cancer prediction
Authors: Webber James W. , Elias Kevin M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh dimensionality, i.e. p > n, is an inherent feature of machine learning. Fitting a classification model directly to p-dimensional data risks overfitting and a reduction in accuracy. Thus, dimensionality reduction is necessary to address overfitting and high dimensionality.ResultsWe present a novel dimensionality reduction method which uses sparse, orthogonal projections to discover linear separations in reduced dimension space. The technique is applied to miRNA expression analysis and cancer prediction. We use least squares fitting and orthogonality constraints to find a set of orthogonal directions which are highly correlated to the class labels. We also enforce L1 norm sparsity penalties, to prevent overfitting and remove the uninformative features from the model. Our method is shown to offer a highly competitive classification performance on synthetic examples and real miRNA expression data when compared to similar methods from the literature which use sparsity ideas and orthogonal projections.DiscussionA novel technique is introduced here, which uses sparse, orthogonal projections for dimensionality reduction. The approach is shown to be highly effective in reducing the dimension of miRNA expression data. The application of focus in this article is miRNA expression analysis and cancer predction. The technique may be generalizable, however, to other high dimensionality datasets.
Transcriptomics analysis reveals intracellular mutual regulation of coral-zooxanthella holobionts
Authors: Zhu Yunchi , Liao Xin , Han Tingyu , Chen J.-Y. , He Chunpeng , Lu Zuhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorals should make excellent models for cross-kingdom regulation research because of their natural animal-photobiont holobiont composition, yet a lack of studies and experimental data restricts their use. Here we integrate new full-length transcriptomes and small RNAs of four common reef-building corals with the published Symbiodinium C1 genome to gain deeper insight into mutual gene regulation in coral-zooxanthella holobionts. We show that zooxanthellae secrete miRNA to downregulate rejection from host coral cells, and that a potential correlation exists between miRNA diversity and physiological activity. Convergence of these holobionts’ biological functions in different species is also revealed, which implies the low gene impact on bottom ecological niche organisms. This work provides evidence for the early origin of cross-kingdom regulation as a mechanism of self-defense autotrophs can use against heterotrophs, sheds more light on coral-zooxanthella holobionts, and contributes valuable data for further coral research.
Firm, institutional and short sellers’ trading behavior around share repurchases
Authors: Segara Reuben , Yang Jin Young 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study investigates the valuation motive for increasing share repurchases: the authors analyze the trading dynamics between short sellers, institutional investors and the firm itself around share repurchases.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine the valuation motive for share repurchases through an analysis of firm, institutional and short sellers’ trading behavior. The firm-level panel regression models using firm-quarter observations in the sample period are estimated.FindingsThe authors find that firms repurchase more intensely against increased short selling and that institutional investors trade in parallel with the repurchasing firm.Originality/valueResults suggest that firms disagree with short sellers’ intrinsic valuation of the firm, which is consistent with findings of recent studies such as Muzere (2019) and Bargeron and Bonaimé (2020).
Architectural dimensions of socially driven venture capital firms: social innovation in the capital markets
Authors: Jones Raymond J. , Salimath Manjula S. 
Published: November 2021

PurposePrivate equity and venture capital (VC) firms in the capital markets sector invest capital with the primary goal of delivering economic value. However, some firms in the capital markets sector have started to shift this focus to create (i.e. invest in) social value. More specifically, traditional VC firms are starting socially oriented funds, while other firms have emerged to focus solely on investments in social enterprises. These VC firms are contributing to an interesting paradox – performance metrics are not measured by profit alone but also by social innovation. From an architectural perspective, the authors examine the implications of internal design, i.e. how specific strategic and structural factors influence the financial performance of VC firms with a social orientation to determine if these firms really can “do well and do good.”Design/methodology/approachSocial orientation was determined by content analysis of mission statements of the VC firms. Firm strategies, structures and performance were sourced from secondary data. A moderated mediation model was used to test relationships.FindingsResults suggest that (1) socially responsible VC firms adopt distinct foci of social investing that directs their strategic orientation and (2) these various foci have vastly differing effects on the firm's overall performance, strategic decisions made and the architecture of their structural design.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to explore socially responsible VC architectural dimensions, with implications for firm design based on blended measures of success.
Study on the bacterial community structure and fermentation characteristics of fresh and ensiled paper mulberry
Authors: Cheng Qiming , Chen Yulian , Bai Shiqie , Chen Liangyin , You Minhong , Zhang Kun , Li Ping , Chen Chao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the bacterial community of fresh and ensiled paper mulberry prepared with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants in South China. In Experiment 1, the bacterial community, chemical composition, and fermentation products of paper mulberry were analyzed. The results showed that fresh paper mulberry had high crude protein content, buffering capacity value, and amounts of uncultured bacteria. Ensiled paper mulberry showed poor fermentation with high pH value, ammonia–N content, and butyric acid content. In addition, Enterobacter was the dominant genus in silage, followed by Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. Water‐soluble carbohydrates, ammonia–N, propionic acid, pH, and lactic acid (LA) were the main factors affecting bacterial community of silage. In Experiment 2, the BP17 (Lactobacillus plantarum) from natural fermented paper mulberry silage and two commercial inoculants (Silage‐help [SH] and Chikuso‐1 [CH]) were used as additives. Compared with other treatments, BP17 inoculant decreased (p < 0.05) pH and ammonia–N content and increased (p < 0.05) LA content of silage. Inoculation of BP17 also increased the dominance of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria in silage. These results confirmed that paper mulberry could be ensiled and epiphytic LAB inoculant can improve its fermentation quality.