bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people: findings from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China
Authors: Yu Lixia , WANG Xing , FENG Xi Ping , TAI Bao Jun , HU De Yu , WANG Bo , WANG Chun Xiao , ZHENG Shu Guo , LIU Xue Nan , RONG Wen Sheng , WANG Wei Jian , SI Yan , Lin Huan Cai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The relationship between dental caries and periodontal disease is still controversial. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people in China.Methods: The study population consisted of 4,387 middle-aged and 3,225 elderly subjects. Caries were divided into the following three types: type A, crown caries; type B, lesions involving both the crown and root, representing a mixed type; and type C, root caries. These three types together represent the overall caries situation, which we call type ABC. Caries were quantitated by decayed and filled teeth (DFT index). Periodontitis was evaluated by clinical attachment loss.Results: Middle-aged people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT of type ABC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.11), type A (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.08), type B (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.16-1.28) and type C (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15-1.60). Elderly people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT of type ABC (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07), type B (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10) and type C (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19-1.42) but not type A.Conclusions: Different types of caries in middle-aged people and overall caries and caries types involving the root surface in elderly people were significantly associated with periodontal disease severity.
Assessment and management capacities for the child health screening and intervention initiative in Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: PAGOLU KOTESWARA RAO , RAO T. RAGHAVA 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Early detection and early intervention of diseases can significantly improve child quality of life. The most often a diagnosis of Developmental Delay (DDs) made by a doctor based on strict guidelines. The aim of present survey is to decide the commonness of the conditions screened and institutional facilities through the RBSK activity among the children going to the DEIC focus at Visakhapatnam, India. Methods: This observational study was conducted in Visakhapatnam, District Early Intervention Centre (DEIC) one of the north coastal district of India for one year period and 6572 children aged 2 months-18 years were taken in the study. Norms were developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India to DEIC, according to the norms the pediatrician will examine the children who came to the center. Existing manpower analysis in the center was also done. Present study was done the multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to identify the predictors for DDs.Results: The examination of the 30 conditions screened under 4D's methodology, defects during childbirth were there in 255(3.88%), followed by deficiencies in 239 (3.63%) children, diseases during childhood were seen in 1277 (19.43%) children and disabilities and DDs were seen in 4801 (73.05%) children. From the diseases, dental caries were found in most elevated number of youngsters with 1219 (18.54%) cases. The mostly occurring DDs are language delay 941(14.31%) children had imperfections of these were observed. On analysis of deficiencies, most extreme number of 236 (3.59%) children was found with serious intense unhealthiness of severe acute malnutrition. Among the defects at birth, congenital deafness was the most frequently screened stipulation found in 84 (1.27%) children. The post of medical officer, Psychologist and DEIC manager stayed empty all through the examination time frame. Conclusion: In the present study we have undiagnosed that many curable diseases in children are not identified at all in a timely manner. Early intervention services on children's health are very useful and in future these services are extent for every individual child.
The Brain in Motion II Study: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of an Aerobic Exercise Intervention for Older Adults at Increased Risk of Dementia
Authors: Krüger Renata L. , Clark Cameron M. , Dyck Adrienna M. , Anderson Todd J. , Clement Fiona , Hanly Patrick J. , Hanson Heather M. , Hill Michael D. , Hogan David B. , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Longman R. Stewart , McDonough Meghan , Pike G. Bruce , Rawling Jean M. , Sajobi Tolulope , Poulin Marc J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: There remains no effective intervention capable of reversing most cases of dementia. Current research is focused on prevention, by addressing risk factors that are shared between cardiovascular disease and dementia (e.g., hypertension) before the cognitive, functional, and behavioural symptoms of dementia manifest. A promising preventive treatment is exercise. This study describes the methods of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that assesses the effects of aerobic exercise and behavioural support interventions in older adults at increased risk of dementia due to genetic and/or cardiovascular risk factors. The specific aims are to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance, explore the biological mechanisms that influence cognitive performance after exercise training, and determine if changes in cerebrovascular physiology and function persist one year after a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention followed by a 1-year behavioural support program (at 18 months).Methods: We will recruit 264 participants (aged 50-80 years) at elevated risk of dementia. Participants will be randomly allocated into one of four treatment arms: (1) aerobic exercise and health behaviour support, (2) aerobic exercise and no health behaviour support, (3) stretching-toning and health behaviour support, and (4) stretching-toning and no health behaviour support. The aerobic exercise intervention will consist of three supervised walking/jogging sessions per week for 6 months whereas the stretching-toning control intervention will consist of three supervised stretching-toning sessions per week also for 6 months. Following the exercise interventions, participants will receive either one year of ongoing telephone behavioural support or no telephone support. The primary outcome is cognition assessed through neuropsychological tests. Secondary outcomes include variety of cerebrovascular/physiological, neuroimaging, sleep, cognitive, other psychological variables and healthcare utilization. The outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline, after the 6-month intervention, and 1 year after the completion of the exercise intervention (at 18 months).Discussion: This study will address knowledge gaps regarding the underlying mechanisms of the pro-cognitive effects of exercise by examining potential mediating factors, including cerebrovascular/physiological, neuroimaging, sleep, and genetic factors that will provide novel biologic evidence on how aerobic exercise can prevent declines in cognition with aging.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03035851, 30 January 2017).
User tag weight assessment based on fuzzy theory in mobile social networks
Authors: Gao Min , Xu Li , Wang Xiaoding , Zhang Xinxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mobile social network supports mobile communication and asynchronous social networking. For enterprises, how to provide better services and create greater business value through the data and information provided by users is crucial. For example, enterprises need to build user profiles to achieve personalized recommendation and precision marketing. In view of the data modeling stage of user profile, we propose a method to evaluate user tag weight, which includes two steps. Specifically, we introduce fuzzy theory to get the initial weight interval. Then, genetic algorithm with single point crossover is used to optimize user tag weight. Experiment results show that the proposed method has better performance than other three methods applied to recommendation system.
Measuring cost and affordability of current vs. healthy diets in Argentina: an application of linear programming and the INFORMAS protocol.
Authors: Giacobone Gabriel , Tiscornia Maria Victoria , Guarnieri Leila , Castronuovo Luciana , Mackay Sally , Allemandi Lorena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Food cost and affordability is one of the main barriers to improve the nutritional quality of diets of the population. However, in Argentina, where over 60% of adults and 40% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, little is known about the difference in cost and affordability of healthier diets compared to ordinary, less healthy ones. Methods We implemented the "optimal approach" proposed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). We modelled the current diet and two types of healthy diets, one equal in energy with the current diet and one 6.3% lower in energy by linear programming. Cost estimations were performed by collecting food product prices and running a Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) to obtain a range of costs for each model diet. Affordability was measured as the percentage contribution of diet cost vs. average household income in average, poor and extremely poor households and by income deciles. Results On average, households must spend 32% more money on food to ensure equal energy intake from a healthy diet than from a current model diet. When the energy intake target was reduced by 6.3%, the difference in cost was 22%. There are no reasonably likely situations in which any of these healthy diets could cost less or the same than the current unhealthier one. Over 50% of households would be unable to afford the modelled healthy diets, while 40% could not afford the current diet.Conclusions Differential cost and affordability of healthy vs. unhealthy diets are germane to the design of effective public policies to reduce obesity and NCDs in Argentina. It is necessary to implement urgent measures to transform the obesogenic environment, making healthier products more affordable, available and desirable, and discouraging consumption of nutrient-poor, energy-rich foods.
User Knowledge Factors that Hinder the Design of New Home Healthcare Devices: Investigating Thirty-Eight Devices and Their Manufacturers
Authors: Yang Fan , Mahmud Abdullah Al 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The demand for home healthcare devices arises; however many home healthcare devices on the market are not designed to reflect the needs and features of the end-users. This study explored the user knowledge factors that hindered the design of new home healthcare devices, along with the interrelationships between the factors. Methods: The abovementioned factors were identified from analysing the project documents of thirty-eight carefully selected home healthcare devices produced by five manufacturers; followed by interviewing the thirty stakeholders playing key roles in the development of the devices. Results: The design of the home healthcare devices was influenced by (i) the user insights utilised in formulating project strategies; (ii) the sources of user information; (iii) the execution of user research; and (iv) the formulation of the manufacturers’ principal innovation processes.Conclusions: The users’ characteristics and needs were not sufficiently reflected within the processes of developing new home healthcare devices. One root cause was that the end-users were not perceived by the manufacturers as a key success factor in most of the cases, given that most of the devices were initiated following the public sector’s requests. Actual or potential applications of this study include the facilitation of the appropriate application of human factors methods in the development of new home healthcare devices, and the improvement of the user performance of the end-devices.
Resilience, Occupational Burnout, and Parenting Stress in Nurses Caring for COVID-2019 Patients
Authors: Bashirian Saeid , Bijani Mostafa , Borzou Seyed Reza , Oshvandi Khodayar , Khazaei Salman , Mohammadi Fateme 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Caring of patients with corona virus infection disease may have had an impact on the occupational burnout, resilience, and parenting of the nurses. Purpose: Evaluation occupational burnout, resilience, and parenting stress in nurses caring for COVID 2019 patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology statement. A total of 630 nurses caring for COVID 2019 patients in 5 hospitals were selected via convenience sampling. Participants completed the scales online. Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22.Results: A total of 420 nurses completed and returned the questionnaires. Occupational burnout has a negative correlation with resilience and a positive correlation with parenting stress and can predict 61.32% of changes in the occupational burnout variance of nurses. Conclusion: Resilience, parenting stress, marital status, number of children, employment status, and gender predicated high percentage of the nurses’ occupational burnout variance. The nurse managers should use these findings to provide appropriate environments for nurses, to develop more comprehensive plans in support of nurses for the current and future crises.
What is the added value of CT-angiography in patients with transient ischemic attack?
Authors: Herpertz Gerrit U. , Maier Ilko L , Bähr Mathias , Psychiogios Marios-Nikos , Liman Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an important predictor for a pending stroke. Guidelines recommend similar workup for TIA-patients as for stroke patients to directly assess the extra- and intracranial arteries via Computed tomography angiography (CTA) regarding vascular pathologies with direct therapeutic implications. Aim of our study was a systematic analysis of CTA-findings in TIA-patients and evaluate possible predictive TIA scores for ipsilateral vascular pathology. Methods We analysed data from TIA patients, admitted to our University Medical Centre, between September 2015 and March 2018, to identify predictors for high-risk vascular pathologies, like high-grade stenosis, dissection, thrombi or occlusion and the for need for an intervention. Following subgroups were identified: 1) no- or low-grade-stenosis (<50%) 2) ipsilateral high-risk vascular pathology and 3) high risk findings needing surgical or interventional treatment. As predictive tools for ipsilateral vascular findings we used the ABCD2-, the ABCD3- and the SPI-II score.Results Of 833 patients, 549 (65.9%) underwent initial CTA in the emergency department. In 126 (23.0%) patients, ipsilateral vascular findings were identified from which 40 (7.3%) needed treatment. The ABCD2-, ABCD3- and SPI-II-scores were not predictive for ipsilateral vascular pathologies. We identified coronary heart disease (OR 2.13, 1.35-3.39 95% CI; p=0.001) and short duration of symptoms (OR 0.7, 0.55-0,89 95% CI; p=0.004) as predictors for ipsilateral vascular pathologies. Conclusion More than every fifth TIA-patient had relevant vascular findings revealed by acute CTA. TIA-scores were not predictive for these findings. Patients with a history of coronary heart disease and short duration of symptoms most likely might benefit from acute CTA to streamline further diagnostics and therapy.
Visualizations of Topologic Entropy on SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Multiple Regions
Authors: Qiao Mu , Liu Renyang , Wang Zhenhui , Li Xinmei , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic in a few months. The latest study found that the virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family. SARS-CoV-2 is highly similar to Pangolin CoV and BatCoV RaTG. Advanced scientific studies help traceability and vaccine development. In addition to the subgenus classification analysis of the virus, it is interesting for further exploration to focus attention on mutations and their transmissions in different regions. New mutations may be likely to affect the symptoms of the disease and the effectiveness of vaccination. This paper is focused on the study to make error bars and scatter graphs with the support of the metagenetic analysis system MAS. Using SARS-CoV-2 genomes in different countries and regions as input datasets, topological entropy values provide global characteristic quantities based on C4 module for visualization. Sample results show that the method is powerful and useful for consistently integrating all genomes on one unique genomic index map. Various countries have confirmed their specific positions and projections under topologic entropies. Further explorations are required.
Cerebral Mechanism of Tuina Analgesia in Management of Knee Osteoarthritis using multimodal MRI: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Guo Guangxin , Kong Yazhuo , Zhu Qingguang , Wu Zhiwei , Zhang Shuaipan , Sun Wuquan , Cheng Yanbin , Fang Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) seriously affects the quality of life and leads to the heavy social and economic burden. As one of the representative non-drug therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Tuina has been generally recognized as safe and effective for reducing the chronic pain of KOA, however the underlying central mechanisms of Tuina for improving the pain of KOA are not fully understood.Methods/design: This study is a randomized controlled trial with parallel-group design. In total, 60 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a Tuina group and a health care education group (Education group) in a 1:1 ratio with gender and age matched. The interventions of both groups will last for 30 min per session and be conducted twice each week for 12 weeks. This study will focus on detecting the changes of brain gray matter structure (GM), white matter structure (WM), the cerebral functional connectivity (FC) elicited by Tuina treatment, e.g thalamus, hippocampus, anterior cingulate gyrus, S1, insula, the periaqueductal gray subregions (PAG) etc. The two groups of patients will be evaluated by clinical assessments and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the baseline and the end of 6 and 12 weeks’ treatment, and still be evaluated by clinical assessments for 48 weeks of follow-up. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of current pain, Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) will be used to evaluate the pain intensity, pain feeling, pain emotion, clinical symptoms and quality of life respectively. The evaluators and statisticians will be blinded to the group allocation. The repeated measures analysis of variance (2 groups × 6 time points ANOVA) will be employed to analyze numerical variables of the clinical and neuroimaging data obtained in the study. P<0.05 will be the statistical significance level. Discussion: The results of this randomized controlled trial with clinical assessments and multimodal MRI will help to reveal the influence of Tuina treatment on the potential morphological changes of cortical and subcortical brain structures, the white matter integrity and the functional activities and connectivity of brain regions of patients with KOA, which might provide scientific evidence for the clinical application of Tuina in management of KOA.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000037966. Date of Registration: 8, Sep. 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=61083&htm=4
Compare the Eﬀects of Dexmedetomidine Infusion versus Normal Saline as Placebo on Haemodynamic Response in Elective Laparoscopic Surgery Under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Sankar V. Ravi , T. Jamuna  , B. Raju  
Published: January 2021

Background: Throughout the present medical age, laparoscopic surgery is the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods. But it is associated with potentially harmful neuroendocrine response. Subjects and Methods: In our study we used dexmedetomidine infusion in group D and normal saline at a rate of 0.4mcg / kg / hr as placebo in group N beginning from 10 minutes before induction before pneumoperitoneum release. Patients in both groups were alike in age, gender, BMI, grade of ASA and anaesthesia. Results: After 10 min infusion of dexmedetomidine and normal saline in group D and group N respectively, fall in HR, DBP and Mean arterial pressure was significantly increased in group D compared to group N. Difference found in both the groups was statistically significant. Group N showed significant increase in HR, SBP, DBP and MAP during laryngoscopy, intubation and at 2 min , 5 min and 10 min after creation of pneumoperitoneum. Difference found was statistically significant in both groups. Thus attenuation in HR, SBP, DBP and MAP was seen in group D as compared to group N during laryngoscopy, tracheal intubation and pneumoperitoneum which were statistically significant. Group N showed statically significant increase in HR, DBP and MAP during extubation compared to group D. Difference found in both the groups was statistically significant. Thus attenuation in HR, DBP and MAP was seen in group D as compared to group N during extubation which was statistically significant. Postoperative sedation score was more in group D compared to group N which was statistically significant. Post-extubation, rescue analgesia was required early in group N compared to group D. Adverse effect in form of bradycardia was seen in 2 patients in group D which did not require atropine administration. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine infusion at a rate of 0.4 mcg / kg / hr apparently started 10 minutes before the induction of anesthesia before release of pneumoperitoneum without any bolus dose. Useful adjuvant anesthesia to diminish the response of haemodynamic stress to intubation, Pneumoperitoneum, and extubation in laparoscopic surgical patients.
Epidural Fentanyl and Fentanyl Plus Magnesium for Post-Operative Analgesia in Lower Extremity Surgery
Authors: Ajay Babu Ramakrishnan  , S. Ankalagowri Sankardevar  , Nischala Reddy G  , Uthkala B Hegde  
Published: January 2021

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of epidural fentanyl with a combination of epidural fentanyl and magnesium in lower extremity surgery. Subjects and Methods : This study was conducted on 100 ASA I/II patients scheduled to undergo elective lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Group I patients received epidural fentanyl 50 µg (1cc) diluted and made up to 6cc with normal saline. Group II patients received epidural fentanyl 50 µg (1cc)+ Magnesium sulphate 50mg (4 units in insulin syringe of 50% solution) diluted and made up to 6cc with normal saline. Patient data such as indication for surgery, the anesthetic details, intraoperative monitoring, post-operative follow-up, etc was recorded. Results: Each group had 36 males and 14 females. Time is taken for the highest sensory level in group I was 13.92 4.50 minutes and 12.24 3.43 minutes in groups I and II respectively. The mean duration of surgery was 99.00 13.31 minutes in group I and 92.20 15.21 in group II. Time for Regression to L1 was 118.80 13.41 and 119.60 17.85 minutes in group I and II respectively. The duration of analgesia (min) was 107.00 25.82 and 143.40 39.57 minutes in group I and II respectively. Common adverse events were nausea/ vomiting seen 2 in group I and 4 in group II and urinary retention seen 0 in group I and 2 in group II. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that the addition of magnesium sulfate to epidural fentanyl for elective lower limb orthopedic surgeries has prolonged the duration of fentanyl analgesia without any significant side effects.