bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid‐Structure Interaction Simulations of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Schussnig Richard , Rolf-Pissarczyk Malte , Holzapfel Gerhard A. , Fries Thomas-Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe numerical modeling of aortic dissection (AD) is a particularly challenging biomechanical application, since the underlying coupling of tissue deformation and blood flow has to be considered, leading to a fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) problem. To improve clinical relevance, patient‐specific data and state‐of‐the‐art constitutive models have to be incorporated. Computational methods to consider for tissue prestress and fiber orientation are presented herein.
Inverse Design Based on Nonlinear Thermoelastic Material Models
Authors: Zwicke Florian , Hohlweck Tobias , Hopmann Christian , Elgeti Stefanie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper describes two approaches for the optimisation of the injection moulding process. The objective of both approaches is to reduce the warpage of the produced part. One approach consists in the thermal optimisation of the injection mould in order to reduce inhomogeneities in the cooling behaviour that greatly impact on the material warpage. In the other approach, an improved mould cavity shape is determined that will lead to a part shape that is closer to the target. The combination of both of these approaches is a powerful tool for the design of injection moulds.
Dynamic load balancing for large‐scale mortar contact formulations
Authors: Mayr Matthias , Popp Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParallel computing plays a vital role when solving large problems in computational mechanics, which might not be tractable by serial computers. Yet, in order to utilize parallel computing hardware effectively, appropriate balancing of the computational work load among all parallel processes is crucial to speed up computations and to avoid waste of computational resources. The present contribution addresses the question of optimal load balancing in the context of contact problems with a particular focus on dynamic contact scenarios, i.e. contact problems with large relative motion and significant changes in the contact configuration over time. To this end, we analyze the issue of load imbalance in contact problems, propose a load balancing strategy for dynamic contact problems, and demonstrate optimal balance and scalability for some application‐driven test cases.
Modelling the Transformation from Snow to Ice Based on the Underlying Sintering Process
Authors: Schultz Timm , Müller Ralf , Gross Dietmar , Humbert Angelika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn cold regions of the earth, like Antarctica, Greenland or mountains at high altitude, the annual amount of deposited snow exceeds the amount of snow melting. Snow, which is more than one year old, is called firn. Over time firn transforms into ice by a sintering process, mainly driven by overburden pressure and temperature. This ultimately leads to the formation of glaciers and ice sheets.We simulate firn densification based on the processes of sintering. The constitutive law represents grain boundary sliding, dislocation creep and diffusion. These mechanisms sum up to the overall densification which leads to the transformation of snow to ice. The model aims at obtaining a physics driven simulation tool for firn densification which provides data for a wider range of areas. It will contribute to develop better models and better understanding of the cryosphere.
Mean‐field homogenization based constitutive modeling of austenitic TRIP‐steels at the single crystal scale
Authors: Prüger Stefan , Kiefer Björn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to accurately describe the effective mechanical behavior of single‐crystalline, austenitic TRIP‐steels, a two‐phase mean‐field homogenization scheme is presented in a finite deformation framework, which also includes transformation‐induced eigendeformations. The constitutive behavior of the two phases, namely austenite and martensite, is described by a rate‐independent single‐crystal plasticity model that captures elastic anisotropy as well as anisotropic slip and hardening behavior. The response of the two‐phase model under homogeneous deformation states is investigated and a particle strengthening effect is predicted in the absence of transformation‐induced eigendeformations and a suitable choice of material constants, while upon the inclusion of eigendeformations a gradual stress softening is observed.
Cell enrichment and separation technique using active hydrogel membranes
Authors: Mehling Ramona , Gruner Denise , Ehrenhofer Adrian , Richter Andreas , Wallmersperger Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDetection and isolation of target cells from heterogeneous mixtures are highly demanded in medicine, tissue engineering, and cell biology. Likewise requested are measuring techniques for significant biomarkers indicating changes in cellular phenotype like size distribution and deformability of blood cells. A forward‐looking and label‐free cell enrichment concept based on a membrane system made out of a stimulus‐responsive hydrogel is strived for. Therefore, in order to obtain the necessary insight into deformable objects transported within a microfiltration system, the behavior (i) of the flow, (ii) of the membrane, and (iii) of the cells, as well as their interactions, has to be well understood. In the present research both, experimental and numerical investigations are performed.
On the Poisson's ratio of an amorphous 2D network material
Authors: Stratmann Jan , Ebrahem Firaz , Bamer Franz , Markert Bernd 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince Poisson's ratio has only been determined for crystalline forms of network materials, we investigate freestanding, amorphous monolayer 2D silica with varying ring size heterogeneity under tensile stress. Compared to the crystalline material, the relation between x‐ and y‐strain is slightly nonlinear. Thus, the Poisson's ratio is not constant, but a strongly oscillating function of the x‐strain. With increasing level of heterogeneity, the Poisson's ratio of the material decreases.
School‐wide positive behavioral interventions and supports in Dutch elementary schools: Exploring effects
Authors: Nelen Monique J. M. , Scholte Ron H. J. , Blonk Anita M. , van der Veld William M. , Nelen Wendy B. L. , Denessen Eddie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn 2009, School‐Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) was introduced in the Netherlands to support schools in creating safe learning environments. In this longitudinal study, we explored effects of SWPBIS on student outcomes in the Netherlands. Fidelity of implementation of SWPBIS has been associated with improved student outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between changes in fidelity and student outcomes. A total of 66 elementary schools (n = 14,256 students) were followed for 3 years (2015–2018). We collected yearly data on fidelity, social safety (consisting of students' social well‐being, general feeling of safety, harassment, prevalence of unsafe locations in and around schools), behavior incidents, and additional behavioral support. Using repeated measures analysis of variances, we saw an increase in fidelity scores and a decline in the percentage of students stating there were unsafe locations in and around school. Multiple regression analyses showed that changes in fidelity were related to changes in both students' social well‐being and the number of behavior incidents. Limitations were discussed, such as the absence of comparison schools not implementing SWPBIS, and schools at different stages of implementation, and we accounted for missing data.
Modeling multiple phenotypes in wheat using data‐driven genomic exploratory factor analysis and Bayesian network learning
Authors: Momen Mehdi , Bhatta Madhav , Hussain Waseem , Yu Haipeng , Morota Gota 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInferring trait networks from a large volume of genetically correlated diverse phenotypes such as yield, architecture, and disease resistance can provide information on the manner in which complex phenotypes are interrelated. However, studies on statistical methods tailored to multidimensional phenotypes are limited, whereas numerous methods are available for evaluating the massive number of genetic markers. Factor analysis operates at the level of latent variables predicted to generate observed responses. The objectives of this study were to illustrate the manner in which data‐driven exploratory factor analysis can map observed phenotypes into a smaller number of latent variables and infer a genomic latent factor network using 45 agro‐morphological, disease, and grain mineral phenotypes measured in synthetic hexaploid wheat lines (Triticum aestivum L.). In total, eight latent factors including grain yield, architecture, flag leaf‐related traits, grain minerals, yellow rust, two types of stem rust, and leaf rust were identified as common sources of the observed phenotypes. The genetic component of the factor scores for each latent variable was fed into a Bayesian network to obtain a trait structure reflecting the genetic interdependency among traits. Three directed paths were consistently identified by two Bayesian network algorithms. Flag leaf‐related traits influenced leaf rust, and yellow rust and stem rust influenced grain yield. Additional paths that were identified included flag leaf‐related traits to minerals and minerals to architecture. This study shows that data‐driven exploratory factor analysis can reveal smaller dimensional common latent phenotypes that are likely to give rise to numerous observed field phenotypes without relying on prior biological knowledge. The inferred genomic latent factor structure from the Bayesian network provides insights for plant breeding to simultaneously improve multiple traits, as an intervention on one trait will affect the values of focal phenotypes in an interrelated complex trait system.
Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Analysis of the Knee Synovial Environment Following Platelet‐Rich Plasma Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tucker Jason D. , Goetz Lance L. , Duncan Michael B. , Gilman Jared B. , Elmore Lynne W. , Sell Scott A. , McClure Michael J. , Quagliano Peter V. , Martin Caroline C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich‐plasma (PRP) is used to treat knee osteoarthritis; however, mechanistic evidence of PRP effectiveness for pain relief is limited.ObjectiveTo assess molecular biomarkers and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in synovial fluid during PRP treatment of the osteoarthritic knee joint.DesignSingle blinded, randomized, placebo controlled pilot study.SettingVeterans Affairs Medical Center.ParticipantsSeventeen participants with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis were randomized in a 2:1 placebo‐controlled ratio, receiving PRP or saline (placebo) intra‐articular injection into the knee joint.MethodsKnee synovial fluid was analyzed before the respective injections and again 10 days following injection. Participants were followed up to 12 months completing visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires at intervals over that period.Main Outcome MeasuresThe effects of PRP on synovial protein and MSC gene expression levels were measured by multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsNovel biomarkers including levels of interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were measured in synovial fluid 10 days after PRP treatment. Altered gene expression profiles in MSCs from patients treated with PRP were observed for matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory markers (IL‐6, IL‐8, CCL2, TNF‐α). A2M protease was significantly increased following PRP treatment (P = .005). WOMAC scores declined for up to 3 months from baseline levels and remained low at 6 and 12 months in the PRP group. In contrast, WOMAC scores for patients receiving the saline injection were relatively unchanged for up to 12 months.ConclusionsWe report significant changes for the biomarker A2M (P = .005) as well as differences in expression of cellular markers and postulate that PRP modulates the local knee synovial environment by altering the inflammatory milieu, matrix degradation, and angiogenic growth factors. The PRP treatment group had less pain and stiffness and improved function scores.
Branched polymers through redox emulsion polymerization using peroxide monomer as the branching agent
Authors: Jiang Qilin , Zhang Yuanliang , Jiang Qimin , Du Yongzhuang , Jiang Li , Huang Wenyan , Xue Xiaoqiang , Yang Hongjun , Jiang Bibiao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRedox emulsion polymerization to branched vinyl polymers in the presence of 2‐(tert‐butylperoxy)ethyl methacrylate (BPEMA), ferrous sulfate, and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (SFS) is reported in this paper. The peroxide monomer BPEMA containing alkyl peroxide was designed for high stability during preparation and storage. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Raman, and triple‐detection size‐exclusion chromatography (TD‐SEC) measurements were used to reveal the polymerization procedure and provide evidence of branching structure. In the case of polymerization at St100‐BPEMA1.0‐FeSO4 0.5‐SFS0.2, the molecular weight increased and decreased with conversion below and above 75% monomer conversion, respectively. The decreasing of molecular weight with monomer conversion came from the increased viscosity of the micelle, which makes it difficult for the formed macromolecules containing vinyl group to participate into polymerization. Finally, the molecular weight reached a value of Mn. SEC = 439,200 g/mol at 92.2% conversion. In addition, the Zimm branching factor, g', also decreased and increased with conversion below and above 60% conversion, respectively, and then the g' finally attends a value of 0.41, showing high degree of branching. Branched poly(methyl methacrylate) was also prepared through this strategy, showing a versatile approach to branched vinyl polymers.
The reverse halo sign and spontaneous pneumothorax due to pulmonary mucormycosis
Authors: Khawar Muhammad Umair , Tiwana Maida , Sengupta Ruchira , Wang Jiang , Indihar Veronica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is a rare opportunistic fungal infection that commonly affects immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate anti‐fungal therapy are crucial, as delay in diagnosis leads to increased mortality. However, the diagnosis is often challenging because of the lack of utility of serum markers and low culture sensitivity. Definitive diagnosis often requires invasive tissue sampling, which may delay treatment. Therefore, chest imaging findings play an important role in the diagnosis of suspected cases. This case highlights the importance of classic reverse halo sign and presence of necrotizing cystic changes resulting in spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient who was later found to have invasive PM.
23Na‐NMR Data Based Donor Number and Their Correlation with Solvatochromic Parameters in Binary Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Harifi‐Mood Ali Reza , Sharifi Fereshteh , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDonor numbers (DNs) of binary mixtures of acetonitrile with methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1‐butanol, and tert‐butanol were calculated in the whole range of mole fractions based on 23Na‐NMR chemical shift of sodium perchlorate dissolved in solvent. Data showed positive deviation from hypothetical linear ideal behavior. Solvatochromic parameters including empirical polarity, dipolar/polarizability, hydrogen bond donor, and hydrogen bond acceptor of the solvent mixtures were spectrophotometrically measured in order to investigate the correlations among parameters. The trend of data showed the preferential solvation along with synergistic behavior in some of mixtures. Applying preferential solvation model confirmed the solvent‐solvent interactions in the studied binary mixtures. Although no reasonable correlation was observed between DN with solvatochromic parameters, dual‐parameters regressions showed that some of solvatochromic parameters have linear relationships with DN. The presence of solvent‐solvent interactions in the media caused that the solvent mixtures didn't follow the known correlations as reported before.
Biodegradable Self‐Assembled Ultrasmall Nanodots as Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species Scavengers for Theranostic Application in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Yang , Liu Hengke , He Ting , Younis Muhammad Rizwan , Tu Tianhui , Yang Chen , Zhang Jing , Lin Jing , Qu Junle , Huang Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently triggered by abundant reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and leads to high morbidity and mortality in clinic. Unfortunately, the current clinical treatment options are only limited to supportive care, and hence, the development of nano‐antioxidants with high kidney enrichment is an attractive novel strategy for AKI management. Herein, self‐assembled ultrasmall nanodots are reported that consist of iron ion, gallic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (denoted as FGP nanodots) as broad‐spectrum RONS scavengers to alleviate both glycerinum‐ and cis‐platinum‐ induced AKI in mice. Ultrasmall FGP nanodots (≈3.5 nm) offer efficient protection in vitro and reduce cellular apoptosis after H2O2 stimulation by eliminating various RONS including hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide anion (·O2−), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), etc. In vivo duplex magnetic resonance/fluorescence imaging demonstrates preferential accumulation of FGP nanodots in the kidneys with rapid renal clearance through urine. Importantly, FGP nanodots exhibit remarkable RONS consumption in vivo with enhanced biocompatibility and biodegradability, resulting in superior therapeutic effect than small molecule drug (Amifostine) in two AKI mouse models. This study presents the promising potential of ultrasmall self‐assembled FGP nanodots as imaging contrast agent and broad‐spectrum antioxidant nanomedicine for AKI theranotics.
Self‐Assembly of Precision Noble Metal Nanoclusters: Hierarchical Structural Complexity, Colloidal Superstructures, and Applications
Authors: Rival Jose V. , Mymoona Paloli , Lakshmi Kavalloor Murali , Nonappa  , Pradeep Thalappil , Shibu Edakkattuparambil Sidharth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLigand protected noble metal nanoparticles are excellent building blocks for colloidal self‐assembly. Metal nanoparticle self‐assembly offers routes for a wide range of multifunctional nanomaterials with enhanced optoelectronic properties. The emergence of atomically precise monolayer thiol‐protected noble metal nanoclusters has overcome numerous challenges such as uncontrolled aggregation, polydispersity, and directionalities faced in plasmonic nanoparticle self‐assemblies. Because of their well‐defined molecular compositions, enhanced stability, and diverse surface functionalities, nanoclusters offer an excellent platform for developing colloidal superstructures via the self‐assembly driven by surface ligands and metal cores. More importantly, recent reports have also revealed the hierarchical structural complexity of several nanoclusters. In this review, the formulation and periodic self‐assembly of different noble metal nanoclusters are focused upon. Further, self‐assembly induced amplification of physicochemical properties, and their potential applications in molecular recognition, sensing, gas storage, device fabrication, bioimaging, therapeutics, and catalysis are discussed. The topics covered in this review are extensively associated with state‐of‐the‐art achievements in the field of precision noble metal nanoclusters.
A New Approach for Quantitative Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy through the Kinetics of Chemisorption
Authors: Wen Bao‐Ying , Wang An , Lin Jia‐Sheng , Guan Peng‐Cheng , Radjenovic Petar M. , Zhang Yue‐Jiao , Tian Zhong‐Qun , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSurface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a non‐destructive, highly sensitive, and rapid analytical tool, which has been widely used in different fields, especially for trace quantities of analyte. However, using SERS for reliable quantitative sample analysis is still a great challenge. Herein, a new approach to quantitative SERS analysis at nanostructured substrates that does not require an internal standard or well‐ordered nanostructured SERS substrates is developed. This method is based on the kinetics of chemisorption, that is, on a homogeneous surface, the time taken for adsorption of an adsorbate (adenine or melamine) to reach equilibrium negatively correlates with the concentration of the adsorbate. Quantitative analysis is achieved by using in situ SERS to acquire the adsorption profile of the adsorbate and enabling the adsorption equilibrium time to be calculated. There is excellent correlation between the adenine and melamine SERS response over adsorption equilibrium time with concentration, and the correlation coefficients are 0.9906 and 0.9682, respectively. Moreover, milk sample spiked with the melamine is also studied, and the standard recovery rate is 106%. This work demonstrates a novel, non‐destructive, and cost‐effective quantitative SERS detection technique, which can broaden applications across multiple fields.
Co‐Delivery of Paclitaxel and shMCL‐1 by Folic Acid‐Modified Nonviral Vector to Overcome Cancer Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Nie Wen , Wang Bilan , Mi Xue , Chen Jing , Yu Ting , Miao Junming , Lin Yunzhu , Yang Tingting , Ran Mengni , Hong Zehuo , Liu Xiaoxiao , Liang Xiao , Qian Zhiyong , Gao Xiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcquired chemoresistance presents a major clinical impediment, which is an urgent problem to be solved. Interestingly, myeloma cell leukemia‐1 (MCL‐1) and folate receptor expression levels are higher in chemotherapy‐resistant patients than in pretreatment patients. In this study, a multifunctional folic acid (FA)‐targeting core–shell structure is presented for simultaneous delivery of shMCL‐1 and paclitaxel (PTX). The transfection efficiency of shMCL‐1 with the FA‐targeting delivery system is higher than with a nontargeting delivery system in Skov3 and A2780T cells. The FA‐targeting system significantly inhibits cell growth, blocks cell cycles, and promotes apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro. The mechanisms involved in inhibiting growth are related to Bcl‐2/Bax and cdc2/Cyclin B1 pathways. An analysis of RNA sequencing suggests that shMCL‐1 reverses chemoresistance through regulating genes such as regulator of chromosome condensation 2 (RCC2). The synergetic effect of shMCL‐1 and PTX effectively inhibits tumor growth in both PTX‐resistant and normal cancer models by inducing tumor apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, and limiting tumor angiogenesis. The study results indicate that a FA‐targeting delivery system combining shMCL‐1 with PTX can simultaneously target tumor sites and restore the sensitivity of chemotherapy‐resistant cancer to PTX. These findings have important implications for patients with normal or PTX‐resistant cancer.