bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibronectin assembly regulates lumen formation in breast acini
Authors: Magdaleno Carina , House Trenton , Pawar Jogendra S. , Carvalho Sophia , Rajasekaran Narendiran , Varadaraj Archana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that self‐assembles into FN fibrils, forming a FN matrix contributing to the stiffness of the ECM. Stromal FN stiffness in cancer has been shown to impact epithelial functions such as migration, cancer metastasis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. The role of the FN matrix of epithelial cells in driving such processes remains less well understood and is the focus of this study. Hypoxia, defined by low oxygen tension (<5%) is one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironments impacting fibril reorganization in stromal and epithelial cells. Here, using the MCF10 breast epithelial progression series of cell lines encompassing normal, preinvasive, and invasive states, we show that FN fibril formation decreases during hypoxia, coinciding with a decrease in migratory potential of these cells. Conversely, we find that FN fibril disruption during three‐dimensional acinar growth of normal breast cells resulted in acinar luminal filling. Our data also demonstrates that the luminal filling upon fibril disruption in untransformed MCF10A cells results in a loss of apicobasal polarity, characteristic of pre‐invasive and invasive breast cell lines MCF10AT and MCF10 DCIS.com. Overall this is the first study that relates fibril‐mediated changes in epithelial cells as critical players in lumen clearing of breast acini and maintenance of the untransformed growth characteristic.
Clinically detectable structural abnormalities in pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis: A large‐scale magnetic resonance imaging analysis
Authors: Levman Jacob , Das Avilash , MacDonald Allissa , MacDonald Patrick , Berrigan Lindsay , Takahashi Emi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple Sclerosis is characterized by neural demyelination. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides soft tissue contrast, which forms the basis of techniques for extracting regional biomarkers across a participant's brain.ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis in a large‐scale MRI analysis that includes thorough consideration of extractable structural measurements (average and variability of regional cortical thicknesses, cortical surface measurements, and volumes).MethodsWe performed a large‐scale retrospective analysis of 370 T1 structural volumetric MRIs from 64 participants with multiple sclerosis and compared them with a large cohort of neurotypical participants, consisting of 993 MRIs from 988 participants. Regionally distributed measurements of cortical thickness (average and standard deviation) were extracted along with surface area, surface curvature, and volumetric measurements.ResultsThe largest observed finding involved regionally distributed reductions in average cortical thickness, with the parahippocampal region exhibiting the largest effect size, a finding that may be linked with known hippocampal atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Group‐wise differences were also observed in terms of distributed volume, surface area, and surface curvature measurements.ConclusionsParticipants with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis present clinically with a variety of structural abnormalities, including perirhinal cortex thickness abnormalities not previously reported in the literature.
Association between the level of attention and dual‐task costs on postural sway and cognitive yield in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Pavão Sílvia Leticia , Lima Camila R. G. , Sato Tatiana O. , Rocha Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostural stability requires attentional resources. Dual‐task paradigms are used to investigate the attentional demand of the studied tasks. However, no studies have been conducted on the subjects' level of attention, analyzing its association with dual‐task costs (DTC).Research questionTo evaluate the attentional level and DTC on postural sway and cognitive yield in children, adolescents, and young adults, investigating age‐related differences, and to analyze if the participants' attention level is associated with DTC.MethodsPostural sway and cognitive‐yield of 30 children, 24 adolescents, and 32 young adults were assessed in a dual‐task paradigm. We calculated DTC on postural sway and cognitive yield. Attention level was tested using Psychological Battery for Attention Assessment. We tested the association between DTC and attention level.ResultsYoung adults showed higher DTC on area and velocity of postural sway than children and adolescents. No differences in DTC on cognitive yield were found between the groups. Children showed lower attention levels than adolescents and young adults. Attention level was negatively associated with DTC on cognitive yield in young adults. Focused Attention is responsible for 24.4% of the variance in DTC on cognitive yield.ConclusionAge impacts DTC on postural stability, but not on cognitive performance. The smaller changes in sway found in children/adolescents when dual‐tasking, potentially reflect less developed attentional levels and postural control, which make them performing postural tasks closed to their stability boundaries, and, therefore, make them prioritize stability protection more than adults. Similar DTC on cognition between groups may reflect an equalization of the chosen cognitive task at everyone's difficulty level. The lower attention levels of children may reflect an attentional system in development, with prioritization o postural tasks when dual‐tasking to maintain stability. Although attention level increases throughout age, attention only predicted DTC on cognition. Better Focused Attention's levels predicted lower DTC on cognitive yield for young adults.
Dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated to a SIGLEC1 null variant that limits antigen exchange via trafficking extracellular vesicles
Authors: Benet Susana , Gálvez Cristina , Drobniewski Francis , Kontsevaya Irina , Arias Lilibeth , Monguió‐Tortajada Marta , Erkizia Itziar , Urrea Victor , Ong Ruo‐Yan , Luquin Marina , Dupont Maeva , Chojnacki Jakub , Dalmau Judith , Cardona Paula , Neyrolles Olivier , Lugo‐Villarino Geanncarlo , Vérollet Christel , Julián Esther , Furrer Hansjakob , Günthard Huldrych F. , Crocker Paul R. , Tapia Gustavo , Borràs Francesc E. , Fellay Jacques , McLaren Paul J. , Telenti Amalio , Cardona Pere‐Joan , Clotet Bonaventura , Vilaplana Cristina , Martinez‐Picado Javier , Izquierdo‐Useros Nuria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe identification of individuals with null alleles enables studying how the loss of gene function affects infection. We previously described a non‐functional variant in SIGLEC1, which encodes the myeloid‐cell receptor Siglec‐1/CD169 implicated in HIV‐1 cell‐to‐cell transmission. Here we report a significant association between the SIGLEC1 null variant and extrapulmonary dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in two clinical cohorts comprising 6,256 individuals. Local spread of bacteria within the lung is apparent in Mtb‐infected Siglec‐1 knockout mice which, despite having similar bacterial load, developed more extensive lesions compared to wild type mice. We find that Siglec‐1 is necessary to induce antigen presentation through extracellular vesicle uptake. We postulate that lack of Siglec‐1 delays the onset of protective immunity against Mtb by limiting antigen exchange via extracellular vesicles, allowing for an early local spread of mycobacteria that increases the risk for extrapulmonary dissemination.
Ontogeny of the brain ofMicroglanis garavelloiShibatta and Benine 2005 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)
Authors: Abrahão Vitor P. , Ballen Gustavo A. , Pastana Murilo N. L. , Shibatta Oscar A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe gross brain morphology and the peripheral olfactory organ ofMicroglanis garavelloiare described throughout development, and the relationship of these organs to the general behaviour of the species is discussed. During the development, the main brain subdivisions undergo a series of morphological changes keeping a relatively constant volume increase. However, we observed different growth rates in the brains of males and females when these were compared. During the maturation process, a series of hormonal events result in the development of some secondary sexual traits in the brain of male specimens, like faster growth rate of brain areas linked to motor control, olfactory and visual responses. The number of olfactory‐organ lamellae increases continuously in both males and females, during their maturation period. These results suggest that changes may be caused by cognitive demands that this species is exposed to throughout its lifespan. The gross morphological arrangement of the central nervous system indicates shared patterns with other members of the family Pseudopimelodidae.
Novel tissue interactions support the evolution of placentation
Authors: Griffith Oliver W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrgan development occurs through the coordinated interaction of distinct tissue types. So, a question at the core of understanding the evolution of new organs is, how do new tissue‐tissue signalling networks arise? The placenta is a great model for understanding the evolution of new organs, because placentas have evolved repeatedly, evolved relatively recently in some lineages, and exhibit intermediate forms in extant clades. Placentas, like other organs, form from the interaction of two distinct tissues, one maternal and one fetal. If each of these tissues produces signals that can be received by the other, then the apposition of these tissues is likely to result in new signalling dynamics that can be used as a scaffold to support placenta development. Using published data and examples, in this review I demonstrate that placentas are derived from hormonally active organs, that considerable signalling potential exists between maternal and fetal tissues in egg‐laying vertebrates, that this signalling potential is conserved through the oviparity‐viviparity transition, and that consequences of these interactions form the basis of derived aspects of placentation including embryo implantation. I argue that the interaction of placental tissues, is not merely a consequence of placenta formation, but that novel interactions form the basis of new placental regulatory networks, functions, and patterning mechanisms.
Relative humidity variation derived from tree‐ring δ18O and possible large‐scale atmospheric circulations linkage over the Guanzhong Plain, central northern China, since 1760 CE
Authors: Liu Ruoshi , Li Qiang , Liu Yu , Li Xuxiang , Ren Meng , Ma Yongyong , Sun Changfeng , Song Huiming , Cai Qiufang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChina is drastically influenced by the Asian monsoon. Based on the relationship (r = −.636, N = 62, p < .001) between tree‐ring δ18O values from nine cores of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. from Nanwutai and the Asia monsoon‐related June–August relative humidity (RHJJA), we designed a transfer function reconstructing the RHJJA variation from 1760 to 2018 CE. Our RHJJA reconstruction captured some extreme climatic events that occurred in the past, such as the Ding‐Wu disaster (1876–1878 CE), which was the most serious drought event of northern China in the 19th century, and the severe drought event of 1925–1930 CE. The spatial correlation analysis shows that our RHJJA reconstruction has not only local but also large‐scale hydroclimate circulations. Our reconstruction compared well with other hydroclimate series from northern China, indicating the large‐scale representativeness of our reconstruction. Both the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and the periodicity analyses revealed that the El Niño–South Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the solar activity strongly affected Asian monsoon‐related RHJJA changes over Guanzhong Plain in the past. We believe this study is of great significance and provides an in‐depth understanding of climate change in the Guanzhong Plain and in northern China.
Spatial correlation length of summer extreme heat stress over eastern China
Authors: Zhou Han , Huang Xiaochi , Zhou Wen , Zhang Yue , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study attempts to measure the spatial correlation length (SCL) of summer extreme heat stress in any location by using a characterized scale identification method. Daily datasets of multiple meteorological variables from 2,134 observation stations over eastern China during 1961–2010 were used. Three types of heat indexes (a total of seven indexes) were applied to characterize the heat stress. The first type used a single variable, that is, daily maximum temperature (Tmax) or daily minimum temperature (Tmin), while the second used mean temperature (T) and relative humidity, and the third used T, vapour pressure, and 10‐m wind speed. A 90th percentile of the climatology of local heat stress was applied to identify hot days. The SCLs of heat stress were analysed in three regions: North China (NC), the Yangtze River Valley (YRV), and South China (SC). Results showed that the trend changes in heat stress had obvious temporal and geographical characteristics, especially in NC and YRV. Generally, the SCLs of heat stress in NC were the largest, reaching more than 440 km for Tmax, with YRV second, about 350 km, and SC the smallest, only about 185 km. This phenomenon could be found for almost all indexes. Moreover, the SCLs of the first two types of heat indexes (except Tmin) for the three regions were greater than that of the third one, particularly in NC and YRV, which was related to inconsistent changes in the variables used and the primary role of which one characterized the heat stress. The spatial distributions of high SCLs for all indexes were in line with that of the major urban agglomeration in eastern China. The SCL of heat stress for a location was related not only to the changes themselves, but also to the surroundings, involving the number and spatial distribution of hot days.
Control of postharvest diseases caused by Penicillium spp. with myrtle leaf phenolic extracts: in vitro and in vivo study on mandarin fruit during storage
Authors: Fadda Angela , Sarais Giorgia , Lai Carla , Sale Luana , Mulas Maurizio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the postharvest handling of horticultural commodities, plant extracts with fungicidal activity are a valid alternative to synthetic fungicides. The fungicidal activity of myrtle leaf extracts from eight cultivars was studied in vitro against Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Penicillium expansum and on artificially inoculated mandarins with green and blue molds during storage for 12 days at 20 °C and 90% RH.RESULTSHydroxybenzoic acids, hydrolysable tannins, and flavonols were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Despite sharing the same phenolic profile, extracts of eight myrtle cultivars significantly differed in the concentration of phenolics. Hydrolysable tannins are the principal subclass representing nearly 44.9% of the total polyphenols, whereas myricitrin was the most abundant flavonol in all cultivars. Myrtle extracts strongly inhibited conidial germination of the pathogens tested, although the greatest efficacy was observed against P. digitatum. At a concentration of 20 g L−1, all the extracts completely inhibited fungi growth; only ‘Angela’, ‘Tonina’ and ‘Grazia’ extracts were effective at lower concentrations (15 g L−1). On inoculated fruit, myrtle extracts significantly controlled rot development. As a preventive treatment, ‘Ilaria’ and ‘Maria Rita’ extracts significantly reduced the rate of fruit with green mold decay lesions. When applied as a curative treatment, all the exacts decreased the incidence of decay. Against P. italicum, all the extracts applied as preventive treatments controlled decay effectively, while as curative treatment some of the extracts were not effective. All the extracts reduced the size of the infected areas.CONCLUSIONThe results propose myrtle extracts as a possible natural alternative to synthetic fungicides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
The Emerging Literature on Exposure‐Based Writing Therapies for Subthreshold and Clinical Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Response to Thompson‐Hollands et al.’s (2020) Commentary on Dawson et al. (2020)
Authors: Dawson Rachelle L. , Calear Alison L. , McCallum Sonia M. , McKenna Sarah , Nixon Reginald D. V. , O'Kearney Richard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThompson‐Hollands et al.’s (2020) commentary on our systematic review of exposure‐based writing therapies for subthreshold and clinical posttraumatic stress symptoms (Dawson et al., 2020) emphasizes important questions about the impact of heterogeneity in drawing inferences from evidence reviews. In this reply, we discuss (a) our rationale for undertaking a systematic review that was broad rather than narrow in scope and (b) provide clarifications on how heterogeneity was considered in the meta‐analyses that were conducted. We also strongly agree with Thompson‐Hollands et al.’s recommendation that future research should focus on better understanding the mechanisms by which exposure‐based writing therapies help reduce posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Validation and Construct Validity of the Posttraumatic Avoidance Behaviour Questionnaire in a Sample of Trauma‐Exposed Black Women
Authors: Mekawi Yara , Guelfo Alfonsina , Karimzadeh Leyla , Powers Abigail , Fani Negar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEngaging in posttraumatic avoidance behaviors after a traumatic incident is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes. Given the inherent limitations in the scope of the two‐item assessment of posttraumatic avoidance used in commonly administered measures of PTSD symptoms, the 25‐item Posttraumatic Avoidance Behaviour Questionnaire (PABQ) was developed to assess a range of avoidance behaviors, including avoidance of visual and sensory reminders, trauma‐related thoughts, and agoraphobia, as well as avoidance related to the home, sleep, and social interaction. However, the PABQ's utility is limited by its lack of (a) construct validity and (b) validation in diverse samples. To address these limitations, we examined the psychometric properties of PABQ scores in a sample of trauma‐exposed Black women (N = 601, M age = 41 years). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the original seven‐factor model fit the data well when Item 8 was excluded, χ2(231, N = 602) = 497.86, RMSEA = .04, 90% CI [.04, .05], CFI = .99, TLI = .989, WRMR = .939, but reliability estimates were variable (i.e., Cronbach's αs = .70–.91). In addition, we found support for convergent validity, clinical validity, and incremental validity. These results provide evidence for the psychometric strengths of the PABQ in minority samples and suggest that it is a valid assessment of posttraumatic avoidance in Black women.
Lung Ultrasound Integration in Assessment of Patients with Noncritical COVID‐19
Authors: Gil‐Rodrigo Adriana , Llorens Pere , Luque‐Hernández María‐José , Martínez‐Buendía Carmen , Ramos‐Rincón José‐Manuel 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesPerforming lung ultrasound during the clinical assessment of patients with suspicion of noncritical COVID‐19 may increase the diagnostic rate of pulmonary involvement over other diagnostic techniques used in routine clinical practice. This study aims to compare complications (readmissions, emergency department [ED] visits, and length of outpatient follow‐up) in the first 30 days after ED discharge in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 who were managed with versus without lung ultrasound.Materials and MethodsProspective, observational, analytical study in noncritical patients with confirmed respiratory disease due to SARS‐CoV‐2, assessed in the ED of a tertiary Spanish hospital in March and April 2020. We compared 2 cohorts, differentiated by the use of lung ultrasound as a diagnostic tool. Complications were assessed (hospital admissions, ED revisits and days of outpatient follow‐up) at 30 days postdischarge.ResultsOf the 88 included patients, 31% (n = 27) underwent an initial lung ultrasound, while 61 (68%) did not. In 82.5% of the patients evaluated with ultrasound, the most predominant areas affected were the posterobasal regions, in the form of focalized and confluent B‐lines; 70.4% showed pleural irregularity in these same areas. Use of the lung ultrasound was associated with a greater probability of hospital admission (odds ratio 5.63, 95% confidence interval 3.31 to 9.57; p < 0.001). However, it was not significantly associated with mortality or short‐term complications.ConclusionsLung ultrasound could identify noncritical patients with lung impairment due to SARS‐CoV‐2, in whom other tests used routinely show no abnormalities. However, it has not shown a prognostic value in these patients and could generate a higher percentage of hospital admissions. More studies are still needed to demonstrate the clear benefit of this use.
Mid‐Trimester Cervical Length Screening
Authors: Becker David A. , Dunn Timothy N. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Owen John 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo identify whether a poorly developed lower uterine segment (PDLUS) observed during cervical length (CL) screening affects the duration of gestation in women with no prior spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB).Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study of women with a singleton gestation and no prior sPTB, who underwent transvaginal CL screening at our institution. We excluded women with progesterone exposure, major anomalies, and women delivering elsewhere. Women with PDLUS were compared to those with a measured (normal) CL ≥25 mm. Primary outcome: birth gestational age (GA). Secondary outcomes: sPTB <35 and 37 weeks, hospital evaluation for preterm labor without delivery, delivery indication, and mode. A Cox proportional‐hazards survival model considered time from CL scan to delivery. We powered the study to detect a one‐half week difference in birth GA.ResultsWe included 270 women with PDLUS and 985 women with normal CL. Mean birth GA was 38.9 ± 2.0 weeks with PDLUS versus 38.7 ± 2.4 weeks with normal CL (p = .10). Women with PDLUS were less likely to experience sPTB <37 weeks (1.1% vs 3.6%; p = 0.04). There was no difference in sPTB <35 weeks (0.8% vs 1.7%; p = .25). Hospital evaluation for preterm labor (17% vs 19%; p = .54), delivery indication, and mode were not different. The hazard ratio for earlier birth in women with PDLUS was 0.67 (95% CI 0.46, 0.98; p = .04).ConclusionsWe observed no difference in mean GA at birth; however, PDLUS was protective against sPTB <37 weeks and was associated with a lower hazard ratio for earlier birth.