bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Um Um grito lancinante foi ouvido: as desrazões contagiosas em ‘O mez da grippe’, de Valêncio Xavier
Authors: Martins Ana Cláudia Aymore 
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo se propõe a fazer uma análise acerca das relações entre microparasitismo e macroparasitismo na novela ‘O mez da grippe’, de Valêncio Xavier, publicada originalmente em 1981, e que tem como cenário a cidade de Curitiba em 1918, assolada pela gripe espanhola. A polifonia caleidoscópica do livro de Xavier, construído a partir da colagem entre diversos gêneros textuais/imagéticos (como artigos de jornais, documentos oficiais, fotografias de época, propaganda, obituários), intercalados por fragmentos ficcionais, possibilita o desenvolvimento de diversas camadas de leitura, entre as quais a perspectiva da doença, e sobretudo da epidemia, como metáfora ̶ da guerra, da loucura, da anormalidade, do crime, em suma, das ‘desrazões contagiosas’ ̶ sobressai como uma das mais instigantes. Assim, a escrita literária possibilita refletir acerca da condição singular de se viver em tempos de pandemia, o que se realiza, aqui, tomando como base a análise de algumas das figuras e personagens da obra, como o caminhante solitário, o Kaiser Guilherme II, a sobrevivente D. Lucia, o sr. Telêmaco Jardim, o louco Manoel de Campos, a vítima Clara Heisler, o Mão Peluda e a própria Hespanhola. Para o desenvolvimento das análises propostas, os principais aportes teórico-críticos e historiográficos são os textos de McNeill (1998), Sontag (2007), Foucault (2010), Benjamin (1989), Delumeau (1989) e Eco (1994).
Conhecimento dos agricultores sobre riscos de intoxicação pelo uso de agrotóxicos
Authors: Menegat Berthieli , Reolon-Costa Angélica , Caramão Gilberto Souto 
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: explorar o conhecimento dos agricultores acerca dos riscos de intoxicação pelo uso de agrotóxicos. Métodos: foi desenvolvida pesquisa de caráter quantitativo do tipo descritivo exploratório, que foi realizada no município de Três de Maio – Rio Grande do Sul, em uma amostra de 257 agricultores. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário com questões objetivas durante o primeiro semestre de 2017. As análises dos resultados basearam-se na análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: os agricultores possuem conhecimento dos riscos associados ao uso de agrotóxicos, e já apresentaram algum sinal ou sintoma associado à intoxicação como náusea, vômito, tontura, mal-estar e cefaleia, porém não tiveram diagnóstico de intoxicação. Os agricultores fazem uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual, porém não de forma adequada e cumprem a Lei nº 9.974 de 06 de junho de 2000(6) quanto ao destino das embalagens. Considerações finais: pesquisas como esta podem fortalecer a efetivação das políticas públicas já existentes de promoção à saúde dos trabalhadores rurais e, simultaneamente, auxiliar na construção de novas propostas que beneficiem o trabalho agrícola e a prevenção de agravos decorrentes deste trabalho.
What Left for Us for Urinary Tract Infection Treatment? An Experience from the South of Iran
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Moghadami Mohsen , Shirazi Babak , Tabari Parinaz , Moosavi Mahsa 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The aim of the study is to define the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria from cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of urinary pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility was done on urine cultures at Shiraz University Laboratory from 2015 to 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests have done using the disk-diffusion technique as per the standard of CSLI.

Results:
During 2 years of study, 3489 samples were culture positive. Escherichia coli was the dominant isolate (84%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (10.7%) and Enterococci spp. (2,2%). The overall resistance rates to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin were 56.1%, 47.2%, and 37%, respectively. The most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli, which had resistance rates of 58.6%, 49.1% to TMP-STX, and cefixime, also sensitivity rates of 95.1% to nitrofurantoin (FM).

Conclusions:
In the study area, resistance rates to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins were high. Because most isolates were sensitive to FM and aminoglycoside, they are suggested as appropriate antimicrobials for empirical treatment of UTIs before available urine culture results.
Population-level interest and trends in meditation and yoga during lockdown imposed due to coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic In India
Authors: Sinha Abhinav , Ghosal Shishirendu , Tyagi Navdeep , Singh Navroj , Singh Karan Prakash 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Yoga and meditation have a potential to give mental peace and calm. The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has forced countries to impose lockdown due to its infectious nature, thus restricting people in their homes posing psychosocial impact which can be reduced through yoga. Google Trends (GT) is a proxy indicator for population-level interests, which is used instead of traditional survey methods during pandemic. The objective of this study was to monitor population-level interest and trends in yoga and meditation during lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 in India through GT.

Material & Methods:
GT is an open-access, web-based tool which provides unfiltered sample of active search requests made to Google. Various keywords related to yoga and meditation were used to retrieve web-based search volume from January 30, 2020, to June 7, 2020, for India. These data were correlated with number of cases and deaths reported due to COVID-19 as an increase in cases and death might lead to stress among masses.

Results:
The search trends and daily number of confirmed cases were fairly correlated (r = 0.647, P = 0.000). The relative search volume for the search trends was also fairly correlated (r = 0.665, P = 0.000) with number of daily deaths due to COVID-19. States such as Uttarakhand and Goa had a higher share of search whereas Meghalaya and West Bengal searched the least.

Conclusion:
GT showed an increase in population-level interest in yoga and meditation during COVID-19 lockdown which is a positive indicator for population. This indicates the need for continuity of trend so as to make it a routine habit even after the situation becomes normal.
Changes in undergraduate medical education practices during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sable Mukund , Sarkar Saurav , Hallur Vinaykumar , Mishra Priyadarshini 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The countrywide lockdown in response to COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift from conventional teaching to online teaching. This study aimed to find the issues and challenges faced by medical teachers on the virtual platforms of teaching during lockdown.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the medical teachers of a tertiary care hospital between august to october 2020. A google form with study questionnaire was circulated among participants.

Results:
Online live lectures were major mode of online teaching. 36.5% of teachers felt that they were successful and only 19.2% felt, they were unsuccessful in engaging most of the students. Discrepancies between efforts and outcome (20.54%), absence of definite guidelines (20.54%), unwanted disturbances (19.17%), lack of technical expertise (19.17%), absence of uniform format (10.95%), and lack of knowledge (6.84%) were the challenges faced. A change in the content of slides (52.8%), increased use of videos, charts, and figures (41.5%), changes in lesson plan (32.1%), including assessments after each class (28.3%) and division of content into sub-topics for better understanding and easy upload (22.6%) were the modifications made by faculty for online teaching. Around half of the faculty members disagreed that teaching can be conducted online postlockdown.

Conclusion:
The pandemic is a situation that should encourage all medical educators to be trained and adapt to online teaching methodologies.
A Comparative Study of Cross Pinning Versus Lateral Pinning Technique in the Management of Completely Displaced Type-III Supra Condylar Humerus Fracture in the Rural India Children
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Singh Pulkesh , Gill S.P.S. , Mishra Laxminath , Arora Jitesh 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Supracondylar fractures of the humerus (SCFH) are the most common type of pediatric fracture and related to significant morbidity with the complication of nerve injury and loss of reduction. Closed reduction and percutaneous Kirchner wires pinning either by lateral pin fixation or cross pin fixation for the displaced fractures are the mainstay treatment.

Aims:
This study has purpose to compare the construct stability, functional, and radiological results between the two methods of fracture fixation.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 61 children with Gartland III SCFH were placed randomly into two groups, Group A (n = 30) managed by lateral pinning technique and Group B (n = 31) were managed by cross pinning techniques. Both groups were quite comparable with regard to age, gender, duration of injury, and degree of displacement of the fracture. The results were analyzed in terms of clinical and radiological outcome, Flynn functional scoring system, and complications. Fisher's exact test and unpaired t-tests were used. The results were expressed as mean, and the P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant using the SPSS software (version 22).

Results:
Statistically, there was no significant difference in clinical or radiological results between the two groups at 6 months after operation (P > 0.05). There was no significant loss of reduction found in either of the groups. There was one (6.6%) case of the lateral pinning group that had a minimal loss of reduction and two (6.4%) cases of the iatrogenic ulnar nerve neuropraxia in the cross pinning group. Neuropraxia recovered fully. Superficial pin tract infection was seen in two (6.67%) cases of the lateral pinning group.

Conclusions:
Although it appears that cross spinning is a more stable construct, the lateral pin fixation provides the same result without risk of iatrogenic nerve injury with comparable results.
Study of Outcome of using Anatomically Precontoured Plates in the Management of Displaced Fracture of Midshaft Clavicle
Authors: Vyas Umesh , Meena Mahaveer , Jhanwar Purushottam , Sharma Shiv Bhagwan 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Clavicle fracture is one of the most common bony injuries. The most commonly used system of classification of clavicular fractures is that of Allman. It is divided into three groups: Group I – Middle third clavicle fractures (80% of all clavicle fractures), Group II – Lateral third clavicle fractures (15% of all clavicle fractures), and Group III – Medial third clavicle fractures (5% of all clavicle fractures). The prevalence of nonunion or malunion in dislocated midshaft clavicular fractures after conservative treatment is higher than previously presumed, and fixation methods have evolved. Surgery is accepted more and more as primary treatment for dislocated midshaft clavicular fractures, mainly because the results of nonoperative treatment are interpreted as inferior to operative treatment both clinically and functionally. Primary internal fixation of displaced comminuted midshaft clavicular fractures leads to predictable and early return to function. The purpose of this study was to assess the functional outcome of midshaft clavicular fractures treated with precontoured locking compression plate.

Methodology:
Patients with displaced fractures of clavicle (midshaft) admitted to SRG Hospital, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, from August 2017 to August 2018 were taken up for the study after taking the required consent. Thirty-four patients of displaced fractures of clavicle, satisfying inclusion criteria, were admitted in the study period and were taken up for the study. The results were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods.

Results:
In our study, 34 cases of displaced middle third clavicular fractures were treated with plate osteosynthesis using anatomically precontoured clavicle plate. Of 34 cases, 16 cases united in 8 weeks, while at the end of 12 weeks, all cases united except one. Of the 34 patients, 24 patients returned day-to-day activities after 2–3 weeks. Of the 34 cases, 30 patients returned to work within 3 months. Of 34 cases, 33 had excellent score and one had fair score.

Conclusion:
In our study, open reduction and rigid internal fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fracture has resulted in good fracture union rate and excellent functional outcome.
A Clinical Study of the Management of Fracture Shaft of Clavicle by Different Modalities
Authors: Ahmad Shadab , Singh Naveen Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Background:
There are multiple modalities to treat clavicle fracture in patients. Both conservative and surgical management are possible and surgen must choose the most appropriate management modality according to biological age, functional demands and type of lesion. Here, we are doing a study of treating clavicle fracture by various modalities and comparing its functional outcome.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to show the results of management of displaced mid shaft of clavicle by different modalities in terms of: (a) time of union of fracture, (b) functional outcome, and (c) complications.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective study with total sample size of 36 consecutively reporting participants in outpatient department as well as in emergency department.

Materials and Methods:
Study participant was systematically and randomly allocated into three groups of 12 each, Group 1 (TENS), Group 2 (Plating), and Group 3 (Conservative). Patients were randomized into operative (TENS), operative (Plating), and Conservative in a ratio 1:1:1.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The comparison of normally distributed continuous variables between the groups was performed using Student's t-test. Nominal categorical data between the groups were compared using Chi-square test. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference.

Results:
Comparison of normally distributed continuous variables between the groups was performed using Student's t-test. Groups were compared using Chi-square test. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference. Displaced mid shaft fracture managed by operative manoeuvre either by TENS or Plating shows excellent result in 50% of cases whereas in non operative group excellent result seen only in 25% of cases.

Conclusion:
Excellent functional outcome is seen in majority of patients treated operatively and those patients are functionally more satisfied when it comes to complications rate.
Radiological and Functional Outcome of Dual Plating in Distal Femur Multifragmentary Articular Fractures
Authors: Purushotham V J , Patil Abhishek 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
In this prospective case series, we are reporting a mean 12-month follow up of the utilization of dual plating technique for multi fragmentary articular distal femur fractures. Our technique consists of a lateral distal femoral locked plate and a low profile locked medial plate through a modified anterior (Swashbuckler) approach for the fixation of C2, C3 fractures.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen patients (9 males and 6 females) presented with supracondylar femoral fractures type C2/C3, according to Müller long bone classification and its revision, OA/orthopedic trauma association classification. These fractures were treated using dual plating through the swashbuckler approach. They were followed up for clinical and radiological outcomes. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications.

Results:
The mean time of radiological union in the studied population was 18 weeks with a range of 14–24 weeks. We did not observe any postoperative varus angulation. 12 out of 14 patients had good to excellent functional outcomes. Fair outcome was reported in only two patients.

Conclusion:
The technique of Dual plating fixation using modified anterior approach (swashbuckler) for type C2, C3 distal femoral fractures is an efficient method of management. It has several advantages such as precise exposure, easy manipulation, anatomical reduction, and stable fixation. However, surgical indications and principles should be strictly followed. The surgical technique must be perfect, and the biomechanical qualities of the implants must be understood to prevent the development of major complications.
Medical Device-related Counseling Practice and Barriers among Sudanese Pharmacists
Authors: Fathelrahman Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to assess medical devices-related counseling practice and barriers among pharmacists.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a convenient sample of Sudanese pharmacists. An online-version survey was used to collect data.

Findings:
One hundred and thirty pharmacists responded to the online survey. Most pharmacists in this sample were master or Ph.D. degree holders (62.3% and 12.3%, respectively), having a clinical training experience (70%) and substantial proportion are board-certified (30%). Medical devices reported to be commonly inquired by patients were blood glucose monitors, nebulizers, blood pressure monitors, dry powder inhalers, and insulin pens. Devices most frequently requiring counselling were blood glucose monitors, blood pressure monitors, syringes, thermometers, nebulizers, dry powder inhalers, insulin, and weighing scales. The most frequently supplied devices reported were syringes, blood glucose monitors, insulin pens, blood pressure monitors, thermometers, nebulizers, and dry powder inhalers. Devices least frequently requiring counselling were implanted devices, respirometers, and stethoscopes. The least frequently supplied devices were respirometers, implanted devices, and heart rate monitors.

Conclusion:
Medical devices reported to be commonly inquired by patients were most frequently requiring counseling, and most frequently supplied. Findings reflect the availability of devices in the market and pharmacists' response to the needs of their patients. Pharmacists should maintain adequate knowledge about the proper use of medical devices because this is a common patient inquiry.
A Safety Evaluation of Midazolam use for Nasogastric Tube Placement
Authors: Wells Jenna B. , Murman David H. , Sullivan Alison L. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is one of the most painful procedures in the emergency department (ED). A recent study determined that giving intravenous (IV) midazolam before NGT insertion decreased patients' pain; however, the sample size was insufficient to draw the conclusions on safety. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received IV midazolam for NGT insertion to determine the frequency of adverse events.

Methods:
All patients treated at a Level 1 trauma center ED from June 2016 to June 2019 who received IV midazolam for NGT insertion were included. The medical records were screened for the following serious adverse events: hypoxia, respiratory suppression, excessive somnolence/sedation, hemodynamic instability, epistaxis, vomiting, and choking. Adverse events, patient demographics, chief complaint, diagnosis, disposition, number of midazolam administrations, dose per administration, and total dose were recorded for the analysis.

Findings:
Three out of 159 participants (2%) were identified as having an adverse event. In two cases, the adverse event was hypoxia, which was corrected with the administration of supplemental oxygen through nasal cannula. The third adverse event was somnolence noted in a patient who was also hypotensive and in atrial fibrillation around the time of midazolam administration.

Conclusion:
It is safe to premedicate patients with midazolam before NGT insertions. Patients with borderline oxygen saturation and those receiving opioid analgesics may warrant dose titration with close vital sign monitoring.
Potensi Teknologi dan Media Sosial Dalam Meningkatkan Pemasaran Produk Asuransi Syariah
Authors: Susmita Dita Ayu , Aslami Nuri 
Published: December 2021

As the largest Muslim country, the country occupied by 236,53 The population is Muslim, if this is used and used as an opportunity for sharia insurance to develop rapidly in this country. Indonesia should have the potential to become the largest Muslim country where most of the Muslim population uses sharia products, especially sharia insurance. In fact, the current fact is that not many Indonesian Muslims use banking and non-banking products on the basis of sharia principles. AAJI's data report, if users of insurance products in Indonesia still reach 7.5%, and only 5% of them are users of sharia insurance. The lack of awareness of knowledge and the lack of strong exposure to sharia insurance products are indicators of the reason why there is still a small level of customer participation using sharia insurance. This reason is further strengthened when viewed from the literacy rate for sharia insurance in Indonesia which has only reached a nominal figure of 19,4%. For this reason, considering the widespread use of social media in Indonesia, which is dominated by the current millennial and generation Z, the marketing strategy of sharia insurance is now starting to move by utilizing the digitalization of marketing media. This study is intended to find out the potential influence of technology and social media in helping to increase sales of sharia insurance products in terms of marketing aspects. Observational analysis of previous research and of sharia insurance companies that carried out this marketing strategy, obtained the findings that social media marketing and the compliance of several insurance products that apply sharia principles in it, are significantly able to increase people's purchasing power or contribute significantly. Indirectly persuade social media users to determine their decision to buy sharia insurance products.
Key words : Sharia insurance marketing, Social media, Technology.
Absurdism and Generation Z Humor: the Effects of Absurdist Content on Perceived Humor Levels in Generation Z Students
Authors: Partlow Chloe , Talarczyk Patricia 
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the relationship between absurd humor in meme stills and the perceived humor among Generation Z students. Students of a high school in Northeast Ohio were given one of two seemingly identical surveys, each with a selection of six memes and individual Likert scales corresponding to the presented memes. A rubric was created with guidelines for visual components that was used to assign the presented memes an absurdity score with categories of “minimal absurdism,” “semi-absurd,” and “absurd.” Participants (n=298) were asked to rank the memes on the Likert scale ranging from a value of 1—not at all funny to a maximum value of 5—extremely funny. Following a chi-squared test, we can be over 99% confident that there is a present relationship between absurdist humor content in meme stills and how humorous they are rated by Generation Z students. These findings can be applied to the usage of memes in marketing, an ever-increasing function of meme humor, to make advertisements and communication more effective.