bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitization Mechanism of Alumina Aerogels: Introducing Gd3+ as a Sensitizing Ion to Enhance the Luminescence Intensity of Tb3+
Authors: Cao Jinyao , Mao Linqiang , Gao Bingying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo enhance the luminous intensity of phosphors containing Tb3+, Gd3+ was used as a sensitizing ion to recombine with Tb3+. Gd3+ and Tb3+ ions were loaded on the Al2O3 aerogel matrix with nano porous structure via a simple and facile sol‐gel method. After vacuum drying and calcination, Al2O3: Tb3+, Gd3+ composite aerogel materials were obtained. Al2O3 aerogel matrix has three‐dimensional nanostructure and good chemical stability, which can provide stable crystal field and emission site for the rare earth activated ions. The results indicated that the introduction of Gd3+ can effectively enhance the luminescence intensity of Al2O3: Tb3+ at 543 nm under 260 nm UV excitation. The optimal ratio of Gd3+ and Tb3+ was determined to be 1: 1. The mechanism of Gd3+ sensitization to Tb3+ can be considered as electric multipole resonance transmission. We expected that this work could provide guidance for the development of enhancing the luminous intensity of green phosphors for lamp.
Ruthenium‐catalyzed Chemical Recycling of Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) via Hydrogenative Depolymerization and Dehydrogenative Polymerization
Authors: Alberti Christoph , Enthaler Stephan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe chemical recycling of end‐of‐life polymers can be a beneficial part for a future circular chemistry/economy. In this regard, the chemical recycling of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) was studied. In more detail, end‐of‐life PCL was depolymerized by hydrogenation with the aid of catalytic amounts of the commercially available Ru‐MACHO‐BH complex to generate 1,6‐hexanediol. The 1,6‐hexanediol was used as starting material to synthesize polyesters based on poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and/or poly(1,6‐hexanediol‐adipate) in a dehydrogenative polymerization enabled by catalytic amounts of the Ru‐MACHO‐BH complex. Overall a recycling is feasible.
Gold(II) Trichloride Complex from Diclofenac‐Gold(III) Precursor
Authors: Frański Rafał , Kuś Anna , Jankowski Wojciech , Hoffmann Marcin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the conditions of electrospray ionization, a diclofenac‐gold complex, namely the ion [DIC−H+AuCl3]− (DIC stands for diclofenac), was generated. According to the calculations, the most stable is the O−Au bond‐containing structure. By subjecting the anion [DIC−H+AuCl3]− to the collision‐induced dissociation, the loss of [DIC]. radical occurred and the open shell anion [AuCl3]− was formed with the unprecedentedly high efficiency. The observed gas‐phase behavior of the Au(III)‐diclofenac complex was analogical to that of the diclofenac complexes with metals (Fe(III) and Cu(II)), which are easily reduced in the gas phase, although the process Au(III)→Au(II) is rather unusual.
Replacing current nomenclature with pre‐existing indigenous names in algae, fungi and plants
Authors: Wright Shane Donald , Gillman Len Norman 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe recently proposed restoration of indigenous names within scientific nomenclature and briefly outlined how the taxonomic codes could be amended to accommodate this within the Linnaean classification system. Our proposal included a process whereby Indigenous Peoples could submit long‐established indigenous names to replace current names under a modified International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Here we expand on this proposal with specific recommendations for changes to the ICN.
Institutional and Faculty Readiness for Teaching Linguistically Diverse International Students in Educator Preparation Programs in U.S. Universities
Authors: Mahalingappa Laura , Kayi‐Aydar Hayriye , Polat Nihat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite the steadily increasing number of linguistically diverse international students (LDISs) in higher education in the U.S, many universities still mostly use curriculum and instruction that are based on monolingual norms (Ginther & Yan, 2018). Thus, the current system fails to accommodate the particular needs of LDISs, which, in addition to further developing their academic language proficiency, includes navigating multicultural perspectives and potentially unfamiliar instructional practices. To understand the current situation in this regard in order to provide evidence‐based practical recommendations, a need for exploration of instructors’ and institutions’ readiness is warranted. To attend to this critical need, this study asks: What are the professional knowledge base and dispositions of faculty in educator preparation programs about linguistic and academic matters to meet the needs of LDISs? What pedagogical choices by faculty in educator preparation programs particularly address the linguistic and academic needs of LDISs? What institutional readiness‐related affordances exist to support LDISs and faculty in participants’ experiences? Data sources include interviews and institutional documents. The findings indicate that faculty members acknowledge a lack of a) personal/professional knowledge and skills about linguistically and culturally responsive education, b) institutional readiness, and c) to some degree, ability to correctly identify instructional remedies (e.g., strategies) in addressing the needs of linguistically diverse students. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations for faculty in education programs as well as universities that serve international students.
Higher Haantjes Brackets and Integrability
Authors: Tempesta Piergiulio , Tondo Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe propose a new, infinite class of brackets generalizing the Frölicher–Nijenhuis bracket. This class can be reduced to a family of generalized Nijenhuis torsions recently introduced. In particular, the Haantjes bracket, the first example of our construction, is relevant in the characterization of Haantjes moduli of operators. We also prove that the vanishing of a higher-level Nijenhuis torsion of an operator field is a sufficient condition for the integrability of its eigen-distributions. This result (which does not require any knowledge of the spectral properties of the operator) generalizes the celebrated Haantjes theorem. The same vanishing condition also guarantees that the operator can be written, in a local chart, in a block-diagonal form.
The effect of visually manipulating back size and morphology on back perception, body ownership, and attitudes towards self-capacity during a lifting task
Authors: Themelis Kristy , Ratcliffe Natasha , Nishigami Tomohiko , Wand Benedict M. , Newport Roger , Stanton Tasha R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBody re-sizing illusions can profoundly alter perception of our own body. We investigated whether creating the illusion of a muscled and fit-looking back (Strong) influenced perceived back size, body ownership, and attitudes towards self-capacity during a lifting task. Twenty-four healthy male volunteers performed a standardised lifting task while viewing real-time (delay < 20 ms) video of their own back through a head-mounted display under four different conditions (Normal size, Strong, Reshaped, Large; order randomised). The MIRAGE-mediated reality system was used to modify the shape, size, and morphology of the back. Participants were poor at recognizing the correct appearance of their back, for both implicit (perceived width of shoulders and hips) and explicit (questionnaire) measures of back size. Visual distortions of body shape (Reshaped condition) altered implicit back size measures. However, viewing a muscled back (Strong condition) did not result in a sense of agency or ownership and did not update implicit perception of the back. No conditions improved perceptions/attitudes of self-capacity (perceived back strength, perceived lifting confidence, and perceived back fitness). The results lend support for the importance of the embodiment of bodily changes to induce changes in perception. Further work is warranted to determine whether increased exposure to illusory changes would alter perceptions and attitudes towards self-capacity or whether different mechanisms are involved.
Energetischer Aufwand der Bereitstellung von Primärkupfer für Deutschland
Authors: Rötzer Nadine 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie geologisch verfügbare Menge an Metallen wie Kupfer wird kontrovers diskutiert. Die Rohstoffpolitik sollte sich besser am eigentlich einschränkenden Faktor, der erforderlichen Energie zur Rohstoffbereitstellung, statt an dieser spekulativen Diskussion orientieren. Dazu ist ein Verständnis des energetischen Aufwands und seiner Einflussfaktoren unerlässlich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein generisches Modell der Kupfergewinnung vorgestellt und der kumulierte Energieaufwand (KEA) sowie das Treibhausgaspotential (GWP) der Primärkupferbereitstellung für Deutschland ermittelt. Der mittels des Modells berechnete KEA beträgt 40 MJ/kg Cu, das GWP 3,3 kg CO2-Äq/kg Cu. Eine detaillierte Betrachtung zeigt, dass KEA und GWP des importierten Kupfers abhängig von der Bezugsquelle deutlich variieren. Die Bezugsquelle und die mit ihr einhergehenden geologischen und technischen Parameter stellen somit wichtige Einflussfaktoren hinsichtlich des energetischen Aufwands und der Emission von Treibhausgasen dar. Neben den Bezugsquellen spielt auch die Art des importierten Guts, d. h. Kupferkonzentrat oder Kupferkathode, eine Rolle. Der Transportaufwand ist beim Import von Kupferkonzentrat aufgrund dessen geringen Metallgehalts deutlich höher. Unter gleichen technischen Voraussetzungen ist es daher sinnvoll, dass die metallurgische Behandlung möglichst in der Nähe der Minen stattfindet. Dies gilt es jedoch im Einzelfall und unter Berücksichtigung weiterer z. B. rohstoffpolitischer Aspekte zu prüfen.
The cost-effectiveness of unilateral cochlear implants in UK adults
Authors: Cutler Henry , Gumbie Mutsa , Olin Emma , Parkinson Bonny , Bowman Ross , Quadri Hafsa , Mann Timothy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) updated its eligibility criteria for unilateral cochlear implants (UCIs) in 2019. NICE claimed this would not impact the cost-effectiveness results used within its 2009 technology appraisal guidance. This claim is uncertain given changed clinical practice and increased healthcare unit costs. Our objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness estimates of UCIs in UK adults with severe to profound hearing loss within the contemporary NHS environment.

Methods
A cost–utility analysis employing a Markov model was undertaken to compare UCIs with hearing aids or no hearing aids for people with severe to profound hearing loss. A clinical pathway was developed to estimate resource use. Health-related quality of life, potential adverse events, device upgrades and device failure were captured. Unit costs were derived mostly from the NHS data. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis further assessed the effect of uncertain model inputs.

Results
A UCI is likely to be deemed cost-effective when compared to a hearing aid (£11,946/QALY) or no hearing aid (£10,499/QALY). A UCI has an 93.0% and 98.7% likelihood of being cost-effective within the UK adult population when compared to a hearing aid or no hearing aid, respectively. ICERs were mostly sensitive to the proportion of people eligible for cochlear implant, discount rate, surgery and device costs and processor upgrade cost.

Conclusion
UCIs remain cost-effective despite changes to clinical practice and increased healthcare unit costs. Updating the NICE criteria to provide better access UCIs is projected to increase annual implants in adults and children by 70% and expenditure by £28.6 million within three years. This increased access to UCIs will further improve quality of life of recipients and overall social welfare.
Multi-objective dynamic programming with limited precision
Authors: Mandow L. , Perez-de-la-Cruz J. L. , Pozas N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of approximating the set of all solutions for Multi-objective Markov Decision Processes. We show that in the vast majority of interesting cases, the number of solutions is exponential or even infinite. In order to overcome this difficulty we propose to approximate the set of all solutions by means of a limited precision approach based on White’s multi-objective value-iteration dynamic programming algorithm. We prove that the number of calculated solutions is tractable and show experimentally that the solutions obtained are a good approximation of the true Pareto front.
Tracking the behavior of rocky coastal cliffs in northwestern Spain
Authors: Gómez-Pazo Alejandro , Pérez-Alberti Augusto , Trenhaile Alan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRocky coastal regions are often inaccessible due to steep slopes and high relief. Remotely sensed data can, therefore, be useful, but they often have low spatial and temporal resolution and, in the case of airborne LiDAR, if not publically available, are costly to obtain. This paper reports on the use of high-resolution images from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetric techniques, supplemented by a series of orthophotos and aerial LiDAR, to examine changes in rocky coastal cliffs from 2002 to 2018. The study was conducted over an 800 m-long, orthogneiss-dominated coastal section in northwestern Galicia, Spain. Cliff changes are due, primarily, to rockfalls, resulting from weathering and wave undercutting, which cause talus deposits to accumulate at the cliff foot. These deposits provide temporary protection to the cliff from wave action, until destabilized and removed by wave erosion and shallow landslides. Cliff recession rates are affected by changing conditions within a cycle and are dependent, in part, on when a survey is conducted. The data suggest that rates of cliff recession are increasing in this region and that the plan shape of the coast, which consists of headlands and bays, is continuing to evolve. Most coastal landslides in this region help to transport and dispose of talus fallen from the cliff. In contrast to landslides that remove intact materials from the cliff face, and are, therefore, primary erosional mechanisms, talus landslides are triggered by wave erosion and probably simultaneously, by storm wave spray and splash, rather than by heavy rainfall.
Processes and evolution of the Pleistocene coastal sedimentary succession of Es Codolar (Southern Eivissa, Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean): insights from soft-sediment deformation structures
Authors: del Valle Laura , Pomar Francesc , Fornós Joan J. , Gelabert Bernadí , Timar-Gabor Alida 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe analyze the evolution of the undeformed Middle to Late Pleistocene deposits of Es Codolar (Southern Eivissa, Western Mediterranean). The outcrop records a succession characterized by the alternation of aeolian, colluvial and alluvial fan deposits and palaeosols that result in a complex stratigraphic architecture. In this area, aeolian beds, colluvial deposits and palaeosols are exposed along sea-cliffs for almost 500 m, allowing detailed descriptions both of the general sedimentological and geomorphological features of the Middle to Late Pleistocene deposits. Several different types of soft-sediment deformation structures are described (load-casts structures, injection structures, water-scape structures, rizoconcretions), which will help us in the understanding of the climatic evolution and the syn- post-depositional processes. In this way, main processes triggering the formation of these structures seem to be sea level changes together with a wetter environment during warmer climatic episodes.
Impact of Virtual Disaster Collaboration Exercises on Disaster Leadership at Hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sultan Mohammed Ali Salem , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Carlström Eric , Berlin Johan , Sørensen Jarle Løwe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study measured the impact of virtual three-level collaboration (3LC) exercises on participants’ perceived levels of collaboration, learning, and utility (CLU) at hospitals in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Our 3LC exercise is a tabletop training tool used to facilitate disaster education and document CLU. This model enables the practitioner to acquire new knowledge and promotes active learning. An English version of the CLU scale, the validated Swedish survey tool, was applied to 100 healthcare managers or leaders in various positions at both the operational and tactical levels after conducting the 3LC exercises. The response rate was 100%, although not all questions were answered in some cases. The results show that most participants strongly agreed that the exercises focused on collaboration (r2= 0.767) and that they had acquired new knowledge during the exercises. There was a statistically significant association between participation in the collaboration exercises and perceived learning (r2= 0.793), as well as between perceived learning and utility (r2= 0.811). The collaboration exercises enhance the perceived effects of CLU. They also improve the ability of participants to adapt situational strategies to achieve a safer society. Although exercises were conducted virtually, they were well received by the participants and achieved a value M = 4.4 CLU score, which opens up new dimensions in collaboration simulation exercises.
Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice in Healthcare Simulation: a Scoping Review
Authors: Ng Carly , Primiani Nadia , Orchanian-Cheff Ani 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) is a type of simulation-based medical education (SBME) where learners cycle between deliberate practice and directed feedback until skill mastery is achieved before progressing to subsequent learning objectives. This scoping review examines and summarizes the literature on RCDP, compares RCDP to other modes of instruction, and identifies knowledge gaps for future research. Of the 1224 articles identified, 23 studies met inclusion criteria. The studies varied in design, RCDP technique implementation strategies, and outcome measures. RCDP is associated with positive outcomes in immediate learner performance. It is unclear if RCDP is superior to traditional simulation.
Atrial fibrillation: a geriatric perspective on the 2020 ESC guidelines
Authors: Polidori M. Cristina , Alves Mariana , Bahat Gulistan , Boureau Anne Sophie , Ozkok Serdar , Pfister Roman , Pilotto Alberto , Veronese Nicola , Bo Mario ,   on behalf of the Special Interest Group “Cardiovascular Diseases” of the EuGMS
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) published in 2020 the updated Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation with the contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC and the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery (EACTS).

Methods and results
In this narrative viewpoint, we approach AF from the perspective of aging medicine and try to provide the readers with information usually neglected in clinical routine, mainly due to the fact that while the large majority of AF patients in real life are older, frail and cognitively impaired, these are mostly excluded from clinical trials, and physicians’ attitudes often prevail over standardized algorithms.

Conclusions
On the basis of existing evidence, (1) opportunistic AF screening by pulse palpation or ECG rhythm strip is cost-effective, and (2) whereas advanced chronological age by itself is not a contraindication to AF treatment, a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) including frailty, cognitive impairment, falls and bleeding risk may assist in clinical decision making to provide the best individualized treatment.
Leistungsentwicklung in jahrgangsgemischten und jahrgangshomogenen dritten und vierten Klassen
Authors: Munser-Kiefer Meike , Martschinke Sabine , Lindl Alfred , Hartinger Andreas 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn einer quasi-experimentellen Längsschnittstudie wurde die Leistungsentwicklung jahrgangsgemischt und jahrgangshomogen unterrichteter Schüler*innen des dritten und vierten Schuljahres (N = 1644) aus 125 Klassen (njahrgangsgemischt = 68,njahrgangshomogen = 57) zu drei Messzeitpunkten miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der gematchten Gesamtstichprobe zeigen – bei vergleichbaren Ausgangswerten zu Beginn der dritten Jahrgangstufe – am Ende der vierten Jahrgangsstufe keine Unterschiede. Die Leistungsentwicklung bis zum Ende der dritten Jahrgangsstufe belegt hingegen insgesamt einen kleinen Effekt zugunsten jahrgangsgemischter Klassen. Zusätzlich werden differenzielle Effekte für verschiedene Leistungsgruppen geprüft: Hier sind am Ende der dritten Klasse signifikante kleine bis mittlere positive Effekte der Jahrgangsmischung in den oberen drei Leistungsquartilen zu erkennen. Am Ende der vierten Klasse finden sich nur für Kinder aus dem untersten Leistungsquartil tendenziell Vorteile durch die Jahrgangsmischung. Die Studie weist somit auf die Bedeutung differenzieller Effekte in Abhängigkeit von der Altersgruppe bzw. vom Leistungsstand hin, die dahinterliegende Änderungen in der Tiefenstruktur von Unterricht vermuten lassen und Anregungen für die Weiterentwicklung des jahrgangsgemischten Unterrichts geben können.
The impact of COVID-19 on health of the older persons in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Mainul , Sultan Shafayat , Hossain Mohammad Bellal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 is impacting the health of the population, including older persons. Available evidence shows that older people are highly vulnerable and more likely to have adverse health outcomes. In Bangladesh, the older population is rapidly increasing, living with various disadvantaged socio-economic conditions, including inadequate access and healthcare services. These disparities are likely to increase during the COVID-19, resulting in high morbidity and mortality among them. Thus, we have examined the health vulnerabilities of older persons due to the COVID-19 pandemic using content analysis. We have analyzed 102 content collected from various online and printed articles published in newspapers, journals, and other relevant sources. The study has found increased health risks, deteriorated mental health, and poor health system functioning during the pandemic and its impact on older persons in Bangladesh. Strengthening health systems through an integrated model with capacity development of existing health care providers to deal with elderly health problems, including mental health and psychosocial wellbeing; promoting preventive measures, facilitating access to healthcare is required. Bangladesh can learn the Chinese experience to adopt innovative, specialized, and advanced systems to efficiently fight against the COVID-19.