bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cat as a small dog?—Comparison of trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture of radius and ulna in cats and small dogs using microcomputed tomography
Authors: Planner Franziska , Feichtner Franziska , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe forearms of dogs and cats do not only differ anatomically from each other, but there are also differences in prevalence of radius and ulna fractures between the two species. The prevalence of antebrachial fractures is 18.0% in dogs and 2.0–8.0% in cats. Many studies focus solely on the trabecular and cortical bone structure of dogs and the characteristics of the cat are often disregarded.The aim of this study was to evaluate the trabecular structure parameters [bone volume fraction per total volume (BV/TV), bone surface per total volume (BS/BV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), connectivity density (Conn. D), degree of anisotropy (DA)] and the diaphyseal cortical bone density (Mean Density) of the antebrachium in cats and small dogs to visualise their differences.For this purpose, a total of 32 forearms of cats (n = 8) and small dogs (n = 8) were evaluated using microcomputed tomography and the findings were compared.The results of the study showed that cats had higher values for BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, DA and Mean Density and lower values for BS/BV, Tb.N and Conn.D at radius and ulna compared to dogs.According to the results of this study, the higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV), thicker trabeculae (Tb.Th), increased anisotropy (DA) and significantly higher diaphyseal cortical density (Mean Density) could contribute to the lower fracture risk of the antebrachium in cats compared to small dogs.
Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review
Authors: Marathe Deepak , Singh Anshika , Raghunathan Karthik , Thawale Prashant , Kumari Kanchan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferent industrial activities such as agro‐food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land‐based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect.Practitioner pointsPhysico‐chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater.Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater.Land‐based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal.Role of phytoremediation in land‐based treatment.
n-point correlators of twist-2 operators in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory to the lowest perturbative order
Authors: Bochicchio Marco , Papinutto Mauro , Scardino Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We compute, to the lowest perturbative order in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory, n-point correlators in the coordinate and momentum representation of the gauge-invariant twist-2 operators with maximal spin along the p+ direction, both in Minkowskian and — by analytic continuation — Euclidean space-time. We also construct the corresponding generating functionals. Remarkably, they have the structure of the logarithm of a functional determinant of the identity plus a term involving the effective propagators that act on the appropriate source fields.
Exclusive heavy vector meson electroproduction to NLO in collinear factorisation
Authors: Flett C. A. , Gracey J. A. , Jones S. P. , Teubner T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We compute the exclusive electroproduction, γ*p → Vp, of heavy quarkonia V to NLO in the collinear factorisation scheme, which has been formally proven for this process. The inclusion of an off-shell virtuality Q2 carried by the photon extends the photoproduction phase space of the exclusive heavy quarkonia observable to electroproduction kinematics. This process is relevant for diffractive scattering at HERA and the upcoming EIC, as well as at the proposed LHeC and FCC.
Current practice of German anesthesiologists in airway management
Authors: Pirlich Nina , Dutz Matthias , Wittenmeier Eva , Kriege Marc , Didion Nicole , Ott Thomas , Piepho Tim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a worldwide consensus among experts that guidelines and algorithms on airway management contribute to improved patient safety in anesthesia. The present study aimed to determine the current practice of airway management of German anesthesiologists and assess the safety gap, defined as the difference between observed and recommended practice, amongst these practitioners.

Objective
To determine the effect of implementing the guidelines on airway management practice in Germany amongst anesthesiologists and identify potential safety gaps.

Methods
A survey was conducted in September 2019 by contacting all registered members of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) via email. The participants were asked about their personal and institutional background, adherence to recommendations of the current German S1 guidelines and availability of airway devices.

Results
A total of 1862 DGAI members completed the questionnaire (response rate 17%). The main outcome was that anesthesiologists mostly adhered to the guidelines, yet certain recommendations, particularly pertaining to specifics of preoxygenation and training, showed a safety gap. More than 90% of participants had a video laryngoscope and half had performed more than 25 awake intubations using a flexible endoscope; however, only 81% had a video laryngoscope with a hyperangulated blade. An estimated 16% of all intubations were performed with a video laryngoscope, and 1 in 4 participants had performed awake intubation with it. Nearly all participants had cared for patients with suspected difficult airways. Half of the participants had already faced a “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” (CICO) situation and one in five had to perform an emergency front of neck access (eFONA) at least once. In this case, almost two thirds used puncture-based techniques and one third scalpel-based techniques.

Conclusion
Current practice of airway management showed overall adherence to the current German guidelines on airway management, yet certain areas need to be improved.
Fusion rate of 89% after knee arthrodesis using an intramedullary nail: a mono-centric retrospective review of 48 cases
Authors: Luyet Anaïs , Steinmetz Sylvain , Gallusser Nicolas , Roche David , Fischbacher Arnaud , Tissot Christophe , Borens Olivier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Knee arthrodesis is an established procedure for limb salvage in cases of recurrent infection, total knee arthroplasty soft tissue defect, poor bone stock or a deficient extensor mechanism. Surgical options include compression plate, external fixator and arthrodesis nail. Different types of nail exist: long fusion nail, short modular nail and bridging nail. This study presents the results on knee arthrodesis using different types of intramedullary nails. The aim is to assess if a specific type of nail has a better fusion rate, clinical outcome and lower complication rate.

Methods
A mono-centric retrospective study of 48 knees arthrodesis was performed between 2000 and 2018. 15 T2™ Arthrodesis Nail, 6 OsteoBridge® Knee Arthrodesis and 27 Wichita® fusion nail were used. The mean clinic and radiological follow-up was 9.8 ± 3.8 years (2.6–18 years).

Results
Fusion rate was 89.6%. Time to fusion was 6.9 months. Mean Parker score was 6.9/9 points. Visual Analogic Scale was 1.9. The Wichita® fusion nail showed better results in terms of fusion, time to fusion and clinical outcome measured by Parker score and VAS but without statistical significance. The early revision rate was 10.4% and 20.8% presented a late complication requiring a surgery, due to nonunion or infection. 93.3% of infection was cured. Two patients live with a fistula (4.2%) and 1 was amputated (2.1%).

Conclusion
Although burdened by a big complication rate, knee arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail provides satisfactory results and is a good alternative to above-knee-amputation. The Wichita® fusion nail shows a tendency to better results compared to the two other nails.

Level of evidence
Case series, level IV
Infinite approximate subgroups of soluble Lie groups
Authors: Machado Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study infinite approximate subgroups of soluble Lie groups. We show that approximate subgroups are close, in a sense to be defined, to genuine connected subgroups. Building upon this result we prove a structure theorem for approximate lattices in soluble Lie groups. This extends to soluble Lie groups a theorem about quasi-crystals due to Yves Meyer.
Enhancement of lysine biosynthesis confers high-temperature stress tolerance to Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Isogai Shota , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Lysine, a nutritionally important amino acid, is involved in adaptation and tolerance to environmental stresses in various organisms. Previous studies reported that lysine accumulation occurs in response to stress and that lysine supplementation enhances stress tolerance; however, the effect of lysine biosynthesis enhancement on stress tolerance has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we confirmed that lysine supplementation to the culture medium increased intracellular lysine content and improved cell growth of Escherichia coli at high temperature (42.5 °C). Lysine-overproducing strains were then isolated from the lysine analogue S-adenosylmethionine-resistant mutants by conventional mutagenesis and exhibited higher tolerance to high-temperature stress than the wild-type strain. We identified novel amino acid substitutions Gly474Asp and Cys554Tyr on ThrA, a bifunctional aspartate kinase/homoserine dehydrogenase (AK/HSDH), in the lysine-overproducing mutants. Interestingly, the Gly474Asp and Cys554Tyr variants of ThrA induced lysine accumulation and conferred high-temperature stress tolerance to E. coli cells. Enzymatic analysis revealed that the Gly474Asp substitution in ThrA reduced HSDH activity, suggesting that the intracellular level of aspartate semialdehyde, which is a substrate for HSDH and an intermediate for lysine biosynthesis, is elevated by the loss of HSDH activity and converted to lysine in E. coli. The present study demonstrated that both lysine supplementation and lysine biosynthesis enhancement improved the high-temperature stress tolerance of E. coli cells. Our findings suggest that lysine-overproducing strains have the potential as stress-tolerant microorganisms and can be applied to robust host cells for microbial production of useful compounds.

Key points
• Lysine supplementation improved the growth of E. coli cells at high temperature.
• The G474D and C554Y variant ThrA increased lysine productivity in E. coli cells.
• The G474D substitution in ThrA reduced homoserine dehydrogenase activity.
• E. coli cells that overproduce lysine exhibited high-temperature stress tolerance.
Cost-effectiveness of short-protocol emergency brain MRI after negative non-contrast CT for minor stroke detection
Authors: Puhr-Westerheide Daniel , Froelich Matthias F , Solyanik Olga , Gresser Eva , Reidler Paul , Fabritius Matthias P , Klein Matthias , Dimitriadis Konstantin , Ricke Jens , Cyran Clemens C , Kunz Wolfgang G , Kazmierczak Philipp M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the cost-effectiveness of supplemental short-protocol brain MRI after negative non-contrast CT for the detection of minor strokes in emergency patients with mild and unspecific neurological symptoms.

Methods
The economic evaluation was centered around a prospective single-center diagnostic accuracy study validating the use of short-protocol brain MRI in the emergency setting. A decision-analytic Markov model distinguished the strategies “no additional imaging” and “additional short-protocol MRI” for evaluation. Minor stroke was assumed to be missed in the initial evaluation in 40% of patients without short-protocol MRI. Specialized post-stroke care with immediate secondary prophylaxis was assumed for patients with detected minor stroke. Utilities and quality-of-life measures were estimated as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Input parameters were obtained from the literature. The Markov model simulated a follow-up period of up to 30 years. Willingness to pay was set to $100,000 per QALY. Cost-effectiveness was calculated and deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed.

Results
Additional short-protocol MRI was the dominant strategy with overall costs of $26,304 (CT only: $27,109). Cumulative calculated effectiveness in the CT-only group was 14.25 QALYs (short-protocol MRI group: 14.31 QALYs). In the deterministic sensitivity analysis, additional short-protocol MRI remained the dominant strategy in all investigated ranges. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis results from the base case analysis were confirmed, and additional short-protocol MRI resulted in lower costs and higher effectiveness.

Conclusion
Additional short-protocol MRI in emergency patients with mild and unspecific neurological symptoms enables timely secondary prophylaxis through detection of minor strokes, resulting in lower costs and higher cumulative QALYs.

Key Points
• Short-protocol brain MRI after negative head CT in selected emergency patients with mild and unspecific neurological symptoms allows for timely detection of minor strokes.
• This strategy supports clinical decision-making with regard to immediate initiation of secondary prophylactic treatment, potentially preventing subsequent major strokes with associated high costs and reduced QALY.
• According to the Markov model, additional short-protocol MRI remained the dominant strategy over wide variations of input parameters, even when assuming disproportionally high costs of the supplemental MRI scan.
Relevance of processing parameters for grain growth of metal halide perovskites with nanoimprint
Authors: Mayer Andre , Haeger Tobias , Runkel Manuel , Rond Johannes , Staabs Johannes , van gen Hassend Frederic , Röttger Arne , Görrn Patrick , Riedl Thomas , Scheer Hella-Christin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe quality and the stability of devices prepared from polycrystalline layers of organic–inorganic perovskites highly depend on the grain sizes prevailing. Tuning of the grain size is either done during layer preparation or in a post-processing step. Our investigation refers to thermal imprint as the post-processing step to induce grain growth in perovskite layers, offering the additional benefit of providing a flat surface for multi-layer devices. The material studied is MAPbBr3; we investigate grain growth at a pressure of 100 bar and temperatures of up to 150 °C, a temperature range where the pressurized stamp is beneficial to avoid thermal degradation. Grain coarsening develops in a self-similar way, featuring a log-normal grain size distribution; categories like ‘normal’ or ‘secondary’ growth are less applicable as the layers feature a preferential orientation already before imprint-induced grain growth. The experiments are simulated with a capillary-based growth law; the respective parameters are determined experimentally, with an activation energy of Q ≈ 0.3 eV. It turns out that with imprint as well the main parameter relevant to grain growth is temperature; to induce grain growth in MAPbBr3 within a reasonable processing time a temperature of 120 °C and beyond is advised. An analysis of the mechanical situation during imprint indicates a dominance of thermal stress. The minimization of elastic energy and surface energy together favours the development of grains with (100)-orientation in MaPbBr3 layers. Furthermore, the experiments indicate that the purity of the materials used for layer preparation is a major factor to achieve large grains; however, a diligent and always similar preparation of the layer is equally important as it defines the pureness of the resulting perovskite layer, intimately connected with its capability to grow. The results are not only of interest to assess the potential of a layer with respect to grain growth when specific temperatures and times are chosen; they also help to rate the long-term stability of a layer under temperature loading, e.g. during the operation of a device.
Contemporary treatment trends for upper urinary tract stones in a total population analysis in Germany from 2006 to 2019: will shock wave lithotripsy become extinct?
Authors: Herout Roman , Baunacke Martin , Groeben Christer , Aksoy Cem , Volkmer Björn , Schmidt Marcel , Eisenmenger Nicole , Koch Rainer , Oehlschläger Sven , Thomas Christian , Huber Johannes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the change in upper urinary tract stone management in Germany over a 14-year period.

Methods
Using remote data processing we analyzed the nationwide German billing data from 2006 to 2019. To analyze the clinics’ case numbers and regional trends, we used the reimbursement.INFO tool based on standardized quality reports of all German hospitals. To also cover shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) as an outpatient procedure, we analyzed the research database of the Institute for Applied Health Research with a representative anonymous sample of 4 million insured persons.

Results
The number of inpatient interventional therapies for upper tract urolithiasis in Germany increased from 70,099 cases in 2006 to 94,815 cases in 2019 (trend p < 0.0001). In-hospital SWL declined from 41,687 cases in 2006 to 10,724 cases in 2019 (decline of 74%; trend p < 0.0001). The percentage of SWL as an outpatient procedure increased between 2013 and 2018 from 36 to 46% of all performed SWL, while total SWL case numbers declined. Contrarily, the number of ureteroscopies increased from 32,203 cases in 2006 to 78,125 cases in 2019 (increase of 143%; trend p < 0.0001). The number of percutaneous nephrolithotomy also increased from 1673 cases in 2006 to 8937 in 2019 (increase of 434%; trend p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
We observed an increase in interventional therapy for upper tract urolithiasis in Germany with a dramatic shift from SWL to endoscopic/percutaneous treatment. These changes may be attributed to enormous technological advances of the endoscopic armamentarium and to reimbursement issues.
Experimental characterization of mixing and flow field in the liquid plugs of gas–liquid flow in a helically coiled reactor
Authors: Müller Conrad , Kováts Péter , Zähringer Katharina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Flow mixing of two miscible liquids with the addition of gas bubbles is a process often found in industrial chemical apparatus for the production of primary matter. The ongoing optimization of such processes also involves the transformation of batch to continuous mode operation. In that case, the use of helically coiled tubes is an interesting alternative, since those reactors have narrow residence time distributions, very good radial mixing properties and excellent mass transfer can be realized between gases and liquids. For these reasons, in this study the mixing of two miscible liquids with addition of air bubbles in gas–liquid flows has been characterized in a horizontal helically coiled reactor in the laminar flow regime at $${\text{Re}}_{{{\text{total}}}} = 300 \ldots 1088$$

Re
total

=
300
…
1088

. Eight different superficial liquid velocities and five superficial gas velocities were investigated. In order to characterize mixing in the liquid plugs between two bubbles, laser-induced fluorescence of resorufin was used and particle image velocimetry has been employed to characterize the flow field. Pseudo-3D-visualizations of the resorufin concentration and the Q-criterion, representing the mixing efficiency and vorticity, respectively, were established for individual liquid plugs from the time-resolved measurement results. A time-resolved mixing coefficient, as well as a mean mixing coefficient obtained from multiple liquid plugs, is calculated from the fluorescence images for all examined flow conditions. The experimental results clearly show an increase in the mixing coefficient compared to single-phase conditions, caused by the bubbles. However, distinct mixing pattern, depending on the flow structure, can be recognized on different locations inside the liquid plug. Compared to a stationary case without air bubbles, mixing is worse behind the bubbles and increases inside the plug, reaching a maximum mixing coefficient in front of the next bubble. Overall the mixing coefficient is always increased by the presence of the bubbles. Pseudo-3D-visualizations of the Q-criterion and the vorticity show the presence of secondary vortices right in front of the bubbles, shifted to the outer tube walls, and in addition to the steady Dean vortices. In small plugs, these secondary vortices appear in the whole plug and increase the mixing coefficient drastically.

Graphical Abstract