bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: KATZMAN GERALD H. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
In the article by Gibson et al,1 the increasing numbers of cases of blinding retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) seen in infants weighing less than 1000 g (ELBW) is attributed to improved survival. For the ELBW infants, 1-year survival was 19% from 1970 through 1979 and 36% from 1980 through 1986. Interestingly, in Toledo we had a similar experience regarding survival. The ELBW neonatal survival was 23% in 1975 through 1979 and 62.5% in 1981.2
Corporal Punishment in Schools
Authors:   Committee on School Health
Published: December 2021

It is estimated that corporal punishment is administered between 1 and 2 million times a year in schools in the United States.1 Thirty states have statutes that allow school officials to use corporal punishment.
The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that corporal punishment may affect adversely a student's self-image and his or her school achievement, and that it may contribute to disruptive and violent student behavior.2-4 Alternative methods of behavioral management have been shown to be more effective than corporal punishment.2-4 It is also recognized that physical force or constraint by a school official may be required in selected situations to protect students or staff from physical injury or to disarm a student. In carefully selected circumstances, the use of physical force or constraint may also be justified to prevent property damage.
The American Academy of Pediatrics urges parents, educators, school administrators, school board members, legislators, and other adults to seek (1) the legal prohibition by all states of corporal punishment in schools and (2) the employment of alternative methods of managing student behavior.
A Comparative Review of Developmental Screening Tests
Authors: FELT BARBARA , STANCIN TERRY 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
In a recent article entitled "A Comparative Review of Developmental Screening Tests"1 Glascoe et al focused on an urgent problem: practitioners' need for guidance in defining approaches and selecting instruments for the developmental screening of infants and young children in accordance with Public Law 99-457.2 This is one of the first attempts in the pediatric literature to review and recommend developmental screening devices. However, significant problems with the methods of test selection and evaluation limit one's ability to draw useful conclusions from this study.
The Future of Primary Care
Authors: ALPERT JOEL J. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Dr Lobeck's and Dr Moscola's letters to the editor regarding my article on "The Future for Pediatric Education" are thoughtful and challenging. Dr Lobeck is disturbed because he finds pediatrics too discipline-specific and not paying sufficient attention to the larger issue of primary care in general. As a result, Dr Lobeck says, pediatrics has given up a leadership position in primary care that it held in the sixties and has turned the field over to general internal medicine and family practice.
Teen Suicide
Authors: ADLER RICHARD S. , JELLINEK MICHAEL S. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Dr Sahler's positive reaction to our article is appreciated.
We agree that suicide is often a district-wide event. A school system should be vigilant for at-risk children of all grade levels and be prepared to assist them. In large school districts, however, it may not be prudent to notify parents of grade schoolers unlikely to have contact with the victim. There seems to be a trade-off between attempting to trace every possible at-risk contact of the victim and casting too wide a net.
The BPD Problem
Authors: MERRITT T. A. , NORTHWAY W. , BOYNTON B. R. , EDWARDS D. K. , HALLMAN M. , BERRY C. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Sinkin and co-workers1 undertook the laudable goal of attempting to predict the risk of "bronchopulmonary dysplasia" (defined solely as a requirement for supplemental oxygen at 28 days) to select better infants who might benefit from interventions to reduce the frequency of this chronic lung disease. Other investigators have defined risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the first days to weeks of life using similar statistical analyses,2,3 cytopathology,4 detection of elevated proteases in airway secretions,5-7 measurement of airways mechanics,8,9 and clinical and radiographic scores.10,11
Intergenerational Equity and Public Spending
Authors: Benjamin A. E. , Newacheck Paul W. , Wolfe Hannah 
Published: December 2021

Both inside and outside of government, it has been widely held that the recent growth in spending for programs for older persons has come at the expense of commitments to programs for other vulnerable groups, especially children.1,2 What had emerged a decade ago as concerns about the "graying of the federal budget"3 and "uncontrollable spending"4 for aging had by the mid-1980s developed a more pointed focus, involving the costs to one disadvantaged group (ie, children) or benefits to another (ie, the elderly):
Both old and young rely heavily on the government for needed ... services. However, the ability of the government to provide these services ... has shrunk, while the elderly continue to expand in number and power. The net result is almost inevitably more for the old, less for the young.5
Growing concern over issues of intergenerational equity are rooted in a number of distinct but related trends in population, prosperity, and health. First, there is growing awareness and evidence that the demographic composition of America has changed significantly as the fertility rate has fallen from its postwar peak in 1957 to a level barely half that by 1985,6 while both the numbers and longevity of elderly Americans have grown steadily. Bureau of the Census projections suggest the population older than 65 years of age will increase some 17% by the year 2000. In contrast, projections indicate that the population younger than 18 years will increase at only one fifth the rate of the elderly into the next century.7
Requiem for a Hospital
Authors: Ditmar Mark F. 
Published: December 2021

The splendor falls on castle walls
And snowy summits old in story:
The long light shakes across the lakes,
And the wild cataract leaps in glory.
Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying,
Blow, bugle; answer, echoes, dying, dying, dying.
—from The Splendor Falls by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
This is the story of the closure of a hospital and with it a part of American pediatric history.
Children's Seashore House of Atlantic City is the nation's fourth oldest pediatric hospital. After 118 years, it will close in the summer of 1990 and move to a new facility in Philadelphia.
The simple brick, layer-cake structure looks very tired now, its iconic soul having been steadily removed for incorporation into the new hospital. The cornerstone animals, lions and bighorn, have been chiseled free and now guard a new outpost. So too have the plaques from the turn of the century, optimistically commemorating the establishment of endowed beds, wards, and cottages "for perpetual use" with their benefactors of simplicity and gentleness by name, such as the "Endowed Bed of St James Sunday School, 1889" and "Endowed by the Everyday Kindness Society, 1912."
On this day, the workers hammer to remove the final link—an enormous marble tablet from 1919 eulogizing Dr William Bennett, the principal driving force of Children's Seashore House and also the founder of St Christopher's Hospital in Philadelphia. A mere 50 yards away, the Atlantic Ocean beats inexorably as it did at the founding in 1872, 2 years after the first planks were laid for the famous boardwalk.
An Outbreak of Tinea Corporis Among Schoolgirls
Authors: PREISER GARY 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this report is to describe an outbreak of tinea corporis due to Microsporum canis with an atypically widespread rash among a group of preteen and teenage schoolgirls. M canis is found worldwide as a common dermatophytic infection of both glabrous and hairy skin. Nosocomial out-breaks, which have been described in the institutional setting among geriatric patients and their caretakers, were thought to be transmitted by direct contact, contaminated linens, and shared razors.1 However, in the general population, the chief source of contagion of this zoophilic infection is domestic animals, particularly kittens.2
CASE REPORTS
Within a period of 12 days in November 1989, seven girls, aged 12 through 15 years, were seen with the presenting complaint of a rash.
Cyanide Poisoning From a Cosmetic Nail Remover
Authors: LOSEK JOSEPH D. , ROCK ALICE L. , BOLDT RHONDA R. 
Published: December 2021

Delayed cyanide toxicity is illustrated in the case of a 23-month-old child who ingested Super Nail Nail Off. This product has 98% to 100% acetonitrile and is used to remove sculptured nails. When ingested or inhaled by mammals, acetonitrile, an aliphatic nitrile, is metabolized to cyanide.1-5. Several deaths following inhalation of acetonitrile in industrial settings have been reported.6,7 Ingestion of acetonitrile has resulted in only one reported death.8 We present the following case to alert primary care physicians to the delayed cyanide toxicity of this product.
CASE REPORT
A previously well 23-month-old boy was seen in the emergency department 12 hours after the ingestion of appproximately 60 mL of Super Nail Nail Off.
Kwashiorkor: The Hypothesis That Incriminates Aflatoxins
Authors: HENDRICKSE RALPH GEORGE 
Published: December 2021

It is acknowledged widely that protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is the dominant type of malnutrition worldwide and is the major associated cause of death in early childhood in all the disadvantaged countries of the world.1
The term PEM embraces all disorders, including marasmus and kwashiorkor, attributable to lack of protein and calories; it was introduced to dispel the earlier exclusive emphasis on lack of protein in the etiology of childhood malnutrition and to give appropriate recognition to energy deficiency in nutritional disorders. Regrettably since its introduction, the term PEM has been applied to every grade and type of malnutrition, frequently without further qualification, and this has done little to advance our understanding of kwashiorkor and probably has blurred its epidemiology and pathogenesis.
The Academic Generalist: Still an Endangered Species?
Authors: TAUSSIG LYNN M. , EY JOHN 
Published: December 2021

In his recent article,1 Dr Haggerty touches on one of the most important issues facing departments of pediatrics, namely, the roles of the academic generalist and sections/divisions of general pediatrics. Our comments are not intended to be a critique of the article but rather to expand the discussion with the hope that solutions to some of the problems will be found rapidly.
Excellent teaching is clearly an academic function. Therefore, we would hope that, in the area of education, the academic generalist has never been an endangered species and no revival is necessary! As Dr Haggerty appropriately notes, sections/divisions of general pediatrics assume the major teaching obligation in many departments of pediatrics.
Baby Bottoms and Environmental Conundrums: Disposable Diapers and the Pediatrician
Authors: SUTTON MARIANNE B. , WEITZMAN MICHAEL , HOWLAND JONATHAN 
Published: December 2021

The solid waste crisis is currently receiving extensive publicity in the lay press and increasing attention from the government (Newsweek. November 27, 1989:76; Council for Solid Waste Solutions, Washington, DC, unpublished data).1-3 The United States has the highest per capita rate of solid waste production among industrialized nations, more than three pounds per person each day, resulting in 160 million tons of solid waste each year (Newsweek. November 27, 1989). Disposable diapers contribute significantly to this problem and have, in fact, become a symbol of the solid waste crisis.4-6
Marketing surveys estimate that 80% of infants in the United States use disposable diapers.7,8
Hazards of Clove Cigarettes
Authors:   Committee on Substance Abuse
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the development of a dangerous fad in which young people use clove cigarettes as an alternative to conventional cigarettes has occurred in several areas of the United States and Canada. Many users have the mistaken belief that clove cigarettes are an herbal, "natural," nontobacco alternative. Others are attracted to their use because of the association of clove cigarettes with the image of surfing, New Wave music, and the search for "exotic" and unusual experiences.
More than 170 million clove cigarettes were sold at the height of their popularity in 1984, and sales were still averaging more than 40 million per year in 1985, 1986, and 1987.1(p3) This is even more remarkable when one considers that a significant portion of the consumers are under the legal age of purchase and that these sales have been achieved without the assistance of overt advertising. Indeed, a recent report of California youth in the 10th grade showed that 23% had tried clove cigarettes at least once. Furthermore, one third of those, approximately 8.5%, had used them at least once per month.2
Clove cigarettes are imported from Southeast Asia, principally from Indonesia, and are composed of approximately one third shredded cloves and two thirds tobacco. The type of tobacco in a clove cigarette delivers approximately twice as much tars, nicotine, and carbon monoxide as does tobacco in ordinary American cigarettes.1(pvi)
In addition, substantial amounts of eugenol, an anesthetic agent, are found in cloves and in the smoke of clove cigarettes. The typical clove cigarette smoker inhales approximately 7 mg of eugenol per clove cigarette.
Blue Mucus It Was in Her Eyes—Not in Her Head
Authors: GOUDARZI TAJVAR 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
A 15-year-old, black girl came to the Outpatient Clinic for cold, cough, and runny nose of 2 weeks duration. She claimed that periodically, when she blew her nose, she got thick, BLUE material bilaterally.
She was taking a decongestant orally and used clear nose drops for a week. She complained about this BLUE material to a physician and a nurse in the Emergency Room; she was told that this was not possible and that the problem was psychological, "it is in her head."
Blue Jeans Thighs
Authors: LANTNER ROBERT R. , ROS SIMON P. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
We wish to report an interesting phenomenon that is probably more widely prevalent than is recognized. An 18-month-old girl was brought to our Emergency Department by her parents for the sudden onset of a bluish rash on the toddler's thighs and abdomen. There was no history of recent viral illness, fever, change in appetite or activity, recent drug or toxin ingestion, or trauma. The mother thought the thighs appeared swollen, but the child was walking normally without any apparent pain or discomfort.
Strength Training, Weight & Power Lifting, and Body Building by Children and Adolescents
Authors: NELSON MICHAEL A. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Dr Shepherd is correct in pointing out that not all the lifts under "Definitions" in the American Academy of Pediatrics statement, "Strength Training, Weight and Power Lifting, and Body Building by Children and Adolescents,"1 are accomplished in a ballistic rather than a controlled fashion. Although data are sparse, it does appear that there are increased risks of injury with the lifts performed in a ballistic fashion (ie, snatch, clean and jerk, power clean).2 These lifts require a great deal of strength, coordination, balance, and explosive power.
Children and Fireworks
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INJURY AND POISON PREVENTION
Published: December 2021

Every year, Americans express their patriotism on Independence Day and celebrate other festive occasions with fireworks. As a result, approximately 12 446 individuals, more than half of them children, have fireworks-related injuries that require hospital treatment. In 1988, it is estimated that 20 people died as a direct result of injuries caused by fireworks or by the fires they caused. The hands (32%), head (18%), legs(15%), and eyes(14%) are the body parts most often involved, accounting for about 80% of all fireworks-related injuries. About one third of the eye injuries result in permanent blindness. Hand and finger injuries require 120 estimated amputations annually. Burns are the most common type of fireworks-related injury: lacerations, contusions, and abrasions are also frequent.
Under current federal regulations issued by the Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) in 1976, any firecracker containing more than 50 mg of explosive material is banned, although aerial devices still may contain up to 130 mg of powder. The CPSC classifies explosive devices into three categories: Class A, which are solid explosives such as TNT and dynamite; Class B, which includes large firecrackers, cherry bombs, and M-80s; and Class C, the common, or so-called "safe and sane" devices. Class B devices are banned from public sale but are used for professional displays. Class C fireworks include fountains and candles, which shoot out sparks or flaming balls, rockets with sticks (called "bottle rockets" because it is customary to stand them in a soda bottle for ignition), other rockets, sparklers, and smoke devices.
The 55 Miles Per Hour Maximum Speed Limit
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INJURY AND POISON PREVENTION
Published: December 2021

The first significant reduction in three decades in the number of highway deaths was noted in this country when the 55 miles per hour (mph) national speed limit became law in 1973. Where this speed limit is still in force, the reduction in automobile deaths and injuries has been maintained.
In 1987, however, Congress passed the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act. One of the provisions of this act was to allow states to raise the speed limit on most rural interstate highways to 65 mph. Because the average highway speed routinely exceeds the prevailing legal limit by at least several miles per hour, the higher speed limit has markedly increased the proportion of traffic traveling at very high speeds. In 1988, 3 times as many vehicles were exceeding 70 mph and 11 times as many vehicles were traveling at speeds greater than 80 mph as in 1986 when the 55 mph speed limit prevailed. These higher speeds have been accompanied by appreciable increases in automobile crash deaths and injuries. The relationship of automobile mortality and morbidity to the speed limit is well documented. The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses a return to the national maximum speed limit of 55 mph as an effective method of lowering the incidence of automobile deaths and injuries. Pediatricians should make every effort to support this form of injury prevention by personal example, education of pediatric patients and their parents, and legislative advocacy.
Ricelyte Advertising
Authors: TULLOCH J. 
Published: December 2021

We refer to promotional material for the Mead Johnson product Ricelyte which appeared recently in Pediatrics. This advertisement claimed that Ricelyte is "the first and only rice-based oral rehydration solution" and that it can appreciably reduce stool output during diarrhea. We feel this advertisement is misleading for the following reasons:
1. Contrary to what is suggested, Ricelyte does not contain rice, but "rice syrup solids." These are glucose syrup solids (or maltodextrins) extracted by controlled hydrolysis of rice starch.
Pediatric Telephone Advice: Seattle Hotline Experience
Authors: TROUTMAN JAMES L. , WRIGHT JEFFREY A. , SHIFRIN DONALD L. 
Published: December 2021

Pediatric hotlines gives parents and interested parties the opportunity to call pediatricians with questions regarding child health issues. More than a dozen such hotlines have been held by state chapters of the American Academy of Pediatrics in all regions of the United States. They were promoted by regional newspapers and generally preceded by feature articles centered on child health concerns. The first hotline was held in 1987 by pediatricians in Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia in conjunction with the Washington, DC, chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the newspaper USA Today.
Seattle-area pediatricians and The Seattle Times sponsored a 1-day, 8-hour hotline in March 1989.
Can Clinical Judgment Detect Children with Speech-Language Problems?
Authors: GLASCOE FRANCES P. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Screening primarily on the basis of parents' concerns is clearly cost-effective. If a pediatrician implemented the Academy's policy of standardized developmental screening at each of the 12 well-child visits scheduled between 0 and 5 years of age on a sample of 100 patients followed up from birth, administrations of 1200 tests are required. Eight hundred administrations are needed before the group reaches 24 months of age. Only 12% of parents whose children were younger than 24 months of age had concerns about their child's speech and language such that screening only in response to concerns reduces the numbers of tests from 800 to 96—a substantial savings in time and expense.
Should Promethazine Be Available Without Prescription?
Authors: ROSEFSKY JONATHAN B. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
In a recent issue of Pediatrics, G. B. Hickson et al1 urged caution in permitting over-the-counter use of promethazine because of its possible association with rare side effects. A major reason underlying the concern about promethazine has been that it is technically a member of the phenothiazine class of compounds. However, it should not be identified mistakenly with antipsychotic phenothiazines like chlorpromazine. Promethazine is an antihistaminic phenothiazine and is categorized as one of the H1-receptor antagonist type of antihistamines.
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction as a Cause for Intermittent Abdominal Pain in Children
Authors: BELMAN A. BARRY 
Published: December 2021

Two or three times each year children are seen by the Urology Service at Children's Hospital, Washington, DC, who have a history of intermittent, severe midabdominal pain associated with vomiting due to intermittent ureteropelvic junction obstruction. These symptoms may have been on-going for years. The following case history serves as a typical example.
CASE REPORT
A 6-years-old boy was referred to the Urology Service from the Gastrointestinal Service where he had been sent by his primary physician. He had a 1-year history of episodic abdominal pain occurring one to two times per month initially, but becoming more frequent during the past few months.
Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: SPAETH GEORGE L. 
Published: December 2021

I recently have seen three very disturbing cases. All of them were quite similar. They all involve missed cases of congenital glaucoma.
Congenital glaucoma (trabeculodysgenesis) is a very rare disease. However, it is not difficult to diagnose; and when diagnosed promptly, it is not difficult to treat successfully. When the diagnosis is missed, however, and the optic nerves become atrophic due to the glaucomatous disease, the consequent blindness is irreversible. Because of the obvious signs that occur in children with congenital glaucoma, and because the treatment so often can be effective, blindness from congenital glaucoma should be almost nonexistent in a country such as the United States.
In Reply: Coughing and Bed Sheet Wrapping
Authors: LAVIGNE JOHN V. , DAVIS A. TODD 
Published: December 2021

A 93% success rate in 90 patients in 12 hours, without relapse, is indeed impressive; there are very few procedures reported in the psychological literature that report such a remarkable success rate.
Cohlan et al note the phrases "little or no deceit" and "some punishment" were used in the article posing an alternative to the bedsheet wrapping technique they espouse. Perhaps we were not careful enough in our wording, and these phrases should be clarified. With the dictionary defining deceit as "making a person believe as true something that is false," we should have reported "no deceit."