bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide characterization of human minisatellite VNTRs: population-specific alleles and gene expression differences
Authors: Eslami Rasekh Marzieh , Hernández Yözen , Drinan Samantha D , Fuxman Bass Juan I , Benson Gary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVariable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) are tandem repeat (TR) loci that vary in copy number across a population. Using our program, VNTRseek, we analyzed human whole genome sequencing datasets from 2770 individuals in order to detect minisatellite VNTRs, i.e., those with pattern sizes ≥7 bp. We detected 35 638 VNTR loci and classified 5676 as commonly polymorphic (i.e. with non-reference alleles occurring in &gt;5% of the population). Commonly polymorphic VNTR loci were found to be enriched in genomic regions with regulatory function, i.e. transcription start sites and enhancers. Investigation of the commonly polymorphic VNTRs in the context of population ancestry revealed that 1096 loci contained population-specific alleles and that those could be used to classify individuals into super-populations with near-perfect accuracy. Search for quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), among the VNTRs proximal to genes, indicated that in 187 genes expression differences correlated with VNTR genotype. We validated our predictions in several ways, including experimentally, through the identification of predicted alleles in long reads, and by comparisons showing consistency between sequencing platforms. This study is the most comprehensive analysis of minisatellite VNTRs in the human population to date.
Misdirection
Authors: Ungemah Joe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter uncovers the psychological tricks used by con men, beginning with the tale of the famous spirit photographer William Mumler, said to have captured an image of Lincoln’s ghost. Playing on his customers’ emotional needs to see a lost loved one, Mumler claimed to be able do the impossible and capture a glimpse of the afterlife. Cons utilize a combination of seven psychological levers, including distraction, social compliance, herding behavior, dishonesty, deception, appealing to needs, and time constraint. An analogy is drawn between understanding the mechanics of cons and the psychology underlying workplace interactions. With understanding, employees and their managers can take action to improve the workplace and prepare for the unprecedented change being experienced in the gig economy.
Sounding Jewish in Berlin
Authors: Alexander Phil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This book explores in lively detail the music, musical networks, and performance spaces of the contemporary Berlin klezmer and Yiddish music scene. It chronicles an avowedly international group of musicians (Jewish and non-Jewish) who collectively represent an important new transnational voice for this traditional Eastern European Jewish music. Through the words and music of the performers, the author reveals a rich and constantly developing scene that has embedded itself in the contemporary city in creative, diverse, and sometimes confrontational ways. This ongoing transformation of Berlin klezmer is powerful evidence that if traditional music is to remain audible amid the noise of the urban, it must stake its claim as a meaningful part of that noise. By engaging with the city itself, klezmer in Berlin has moved beyond “revival”—revealing how traditional culture can remain relevant within a shifting, overlapping, decidedly modern, urban cosmopolitanism.
Negotiating Stalin’s Tolerance
Authors: Eden Jeff 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows that wartime patriotism among Soviet religious populations was developed not merely through rousing speeches and policy concessions; it was developed by knitting patriotic activities and devotional activities together so tightly that it was not clear where one ended and the other began. By channeling traditional Muslim charity (zakat) payments into the war effort, for example, Muslim charity became both pious and patriotic; by weaving patriotism into the fabric of Friday sermons, visiting a newly reopened mosque allowed Muslims to embody and enact that line quoted so often by the leading muftis: “Love for country is a part of faith.” In short, the war era was an age in which Islamic devotion itself became—for some at least—an expression of Soviet patriotism.
Culture and Memory
Authors: Wagoner Brady , Brescó Ignacio , Awad Sarah H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores memory as a constructive process occurring at the intersection of a person and their social-cultural world. To do this, it moves away from the traditional metaphor of memory as storage and develops the alternative metaphor of construction. The foundations for this approach are found in Lev Vygotsky’s theory of mediation and microgenesis, together with Frederic Bartlett’s notion of reconstructive remembering and methods of repeated and serial reproduction. Their ideas are combined to develop an approach that analyzes remembering as part of an evolving cultural process, one that is also often conflictual and transformative. This approach is illustrated with studies of the emergence of memories in conversation, the narrative mediation of memory, the role of social positioning, and the dynamics of urban memory during periods of radical social change.
What Has Culture Got to Do with Emotions?
Authors: De Leersnyder Jozefien , Mesquita Batja , Boiger Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Emotions are relationship engagements that are dynamically and socioculturally constructed. Starting from the historic context in which the current research program originated, this chapter develops a theory in which cultural differences in emotion can be understood from the cultural context’s valued model of self and relating. It presents evidence for a “cultural logic” to emotion in the prevalence and content of emotion as well as to which experiences are associated with positive outcomes and well-being. Furthermore, it shows how a myriad of processes co-constitute the alignment of culture and emotion—processes that can be situated at the personal, interpersonal, and collective levels and that are highlighted when emotions are studied in acculturating individuals or biculturals. In concluding, this chapter presents a dynamic and sociocultural model of emotion in which people collectively construct their experiences in line with the prevalent meanings and practices of their sociocultural context.
The Psychological Foundations of Ritual Learning
Authors: Watson-Jones Rachel E. , Wen Nicole J. , Legare Cristine H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Abstract ritual is a universal feature of human culture. A decade of psychological research provides new insight into the early emerging propensity for ritual learning. Children learn the ritual practices and instrumental skills of their communities by observing and imitating trusted group members such as adults and peers. They use social and contextual cues to determine when an action is an instrumental skill versus a ritual, and they modify their behavior accordingly. When behavior is interpreted as a ritual, children imitate with higher fidelity, engage in less innovation, are more accurate when detecting differences, and display more functional fixedness than when behavior is interpreted as instrumental. Children and adults also transmit ritual behavior to others with higher fidelity than they do instrumental behavior. The authors propose that affiliation with social groups motivates imitative fidelity of ritual. Species-specific social learning mechanisms facilitate the transmission of instrumental skills as well as rituals intergenerationally and enable cumulative cultural learning.
Introduction
Authors: Havelková Tereza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The chapter-length introduction situates the book’s subject matter within a broad interdisciplinary field, and specifically in relation to the theory of intermediality in theatre and performance, the burgeoning audiovisual studies, and the “material turn” in opera scholarship. Approaching opera as hypermedium draws attention to the continuity between operatic past and present, and between different media and art forms, old and new. Productions of Wagner’s Ring Cycle by Robert Lepage and La Fura dels Baus serve here as a starting point for consideration of opera’s inherently hypermedial aspects. Pieces by Philip Glass, Michel van der Aa, and others help contextualize the book’s central case studies, the operas by Dutch composer Louis Andriessen and British filmmaker Peter Greenaway, which epitomize the ways these aspects are rethought today. To outline the book’s theoretical framework, the introduction revisits some classic nodes in the debates about presence and representation and about liveness and mediatization.
Allegory and Excess
Authors: Havelková Tereza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 deals with the excess that opera always seems to produce in performance, which has mostly been associated with the physical, material aspects of the singing voice. Drawing on performative theory, this chapter approaches this excess as the result of a dialogic situation of meaning-making, where the audio-viewers strive to make sense of what they see and hear on stage or screen. The concept of allegory is evoked to approach the processes of meaning-making in hypermedial opera, drawing attention to how opera incites reading while at the same time withholds a coherent, univocal meaning. Allegory also helps recognize that the reading of opera involves not only text and image but also music and the voice. By contrast, the perception that the singing voice escapes signification is understood here as an effect of immediacy. Louis Andriessen’s and Peter Greenaway’s Rosa serves as the main case study.
Liveness and Mediatization
Authors: Havelková Tereza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 approaches liveness as an effect of immediacy. It analyzes how hypermedial opera constructs an opposition between live performance and that which is “mediatized,” that is, generated or reproduced by media technology. Relying, among others, on film sound theory, the chapter shows how the effect of liveness becomes a function of a particular relationship between sound and its source, and especially voice and body. Where some scholars have played up the discrepancy between the voice heard and the body seen in opera, this chapter is attentive to how an apparent unity of voice and body is maintained within the context of hypermediacy. With the help of Louis Andriessen and Peter Greenaway’s opera Writing to Vermeer, the chapter suggests that an alignment of liveness with femininity and body-voice unity subverts some of the critical claims that have been made with respect to both live performance and the embodied singing voice.
Bringing a Neurobiological Perspective to Resilience
Authors: Bush Nicole , Roubinov Danielle S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although the concept of resilience has been widely studied across a range of academic disciplines, examinations have typically focused upon psychosocial correlates and contributors. Fueled by progress in our understanding of the brain and complex biological processes (and recognition that domains of psychological and biological functioning are not easily dichotomized), an emerging science of neurobiological resilience has emerged. In this chapter, the authors describe extant work that has examined biological factors that may promote resilience among adversity-exposed populations and biomarkers that can serve as indicators of risk or resilience. They highlight the complexities that emerge when considering biological factors that not only operate across a range of internal bodily systems, but also interact with the multiple external systems within which an individual develops (e.g., family, school, neighborhood, etc.). They conclude with a set of principles to guide future studies and advance a more integrated resilience science.
Risk and Resilience in Pregnancy and Birth
Authors: Young Cecily , Ayers Susan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pregnancy, birth, and becoming a parent involves substantial changes at biological, psychological, social, and broader cultural levels. As such, it is a continuing process of adaptation to change and new demands. This chapter provides an overview of risk and resilience in pregnancy, birth, and the transition to parenthood and the impact of these experiences on both women and their infants. The first part of the chapter provides an overview of experiences of pregnancy and birth and risks that arise, in particular trauma that may be experienced during birth. The second part looks at resilience in pregnancy and birth, what we know, and what we still need to know in this area. The third part looks at theories of resilience relevant to the perinatal period and how it is important to look at resilience at different levels (e.g. epi/genetic, personal attributes, relationships, support systems, culture, and environment). The authors conclude with key considerations for future research and theory in this area.
A Transactional, Whole-School Approach to Resilience
Authors: Cefai Carmel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In contrast to the earlier understandings of resilience for the select, invulnerable few, an ecological perspective provides the opportunity for all children to develop resilience given resilience-enhancing, protective social contexts. In this chapter, the author explores a transactional-ecological perspective of resilience in the context of educational systems, underlining the limitations of an overreliance on the individual in resilience building. The chapter presents a transactional, whole-school, resilience framework for educational systems informed by the research evidence, focusing on both curricular competence-building and contextual processes across multiple systems. The chapter concludes with an illustration of a recent resilience program, RESCUR Surfing the Waves, informed by this approach.
Resilience to Violent Extremism and Terrorism
Authors: Grossman Michele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Violent extremism and terrorism are themselves multisystemic phenomena, with movements, actors, and events embedded within deeply complex and highly networked co-occurring systems that interact with one another at different levels and scales to support and enable violent extremist narratives, behaviors, actions, and outcomes. They can be highly resilient and pose significant challenges and threats to the function and viability of multiple nested and interconnected human (and at times natural) systems. Various meanings and practices of resilience have accordingly occupied a critical but vexed position within multisystemic approaches to preventing and countering violent extremism policy and practice. A strong focus on identifying and building the resilience of individuals and communities has come at the expense of understanding the ways in which the institutional and governmental co-occurring systems involved in countering terrorism may themselves be less or more resilient and what this means for future efforts to effectively prevent violent extremism.
The Assessment of Multisystemic Resilience in Conflict-Affected Populations
Authors: Lordos Alexandros , Hyslop Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Violent social conflicts are driven by and contribute to a cascade of stressors and shocks that can entirely overwhelm individuals, households, communities, and institutions, leading to loss of life and protracted suffering. In this context, humanitarian, peacebuilding, and development organizations have begun utilizing a resilience lens to inform efforts for conflict prevention and postconflict recovery, while the scholarly community is conducting its own investigations to understand what can drive resilience in conflict-affected populations. In this chapter, the authors pull together these diverse strands of the practitioner and scholarly conflict resilience literature, to delineate a set of principles that can guide future work. Assessment of resilience in conflict-affected populations should integrate systemwide thinking with agent-focused research, utilize mixed-method approaches, leverage analytic methods that are suitable for detection of cross-systemic linkages, and engage with stakeholders across multiple systems and levels to maximize resilience-enhancing insight, planning and action.
Transformative Social Innovation and Multisystemic Resilience
Authors: McGowan Katharine , Westley Francis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To illustrate the relationship between transformative social innovation and multisystem resilience, this chapter summarizes three transformative social innovations, the National Parks in the United States, the internet, and the challenging or social engineering–like case of the intelligence test. Each case study demonstrates how innovations shift several systems as they develop, scale up, and even became challenged themselves, as well as the authors’ overarching assertion that transformative social innovation and multisystem resilience are deeply interrelated. Additionally, it is by understanding our social innovation history that we can be better prepared for our future and avoid the pitfalls of social innovation’s underappreciated dark side, the risk of social engineering. This chapter is based on over a decade of work on multisystem resilience and social innovation at the Waterloo Institute of Social Innovation and Resilience.
The Economics of Multisystemic Resilience
Authors: Conti Gabriella , Paredes Tatiana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The concept of resilience in the economic literature is centered around the capacity to overcome adverse circumstances and to mitigate the impacts of shocks through the development of human capital starting in early childhood. In this chapter, the authors review the existing evidence on multisystemic resilience in economics, from both a micro- and a macroperspective. To do so, they first introduce the theory of human capital development and the large body of empirical evidence about early interventions that seek to boost resilience in children. They then discuss two more recent strands of literature: one that examines whether subsequent investments can offset the effects of early-life shocks and another that uses micro-founded macroeconomic models to understand the indirect (multisystemic) effects of early interventions.
Resilience in Postdisaster Reconstruction of Human Settlement
Authors: Wu Haorui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Disaster resilience is an ongoing learning process for individuals, families, communities, and society in general to prepare for, respond to, adapt to, and recover from disaster events. This capacity requires a synthesis of multiple elements, including natural, built, social, cultural, economic, and political environments. Architects are on the front line to facilitate postdisaster reconstruction of human settlement, overseeing the quality of structural and infrastructural systems to better support the various social and humanitarian recovery efforts. From the architectural perspective of disaster research and practice, this chapter examines various aspects of building resilience in human settlement. Using the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction initiative in China as an example, this chapter illustrates how the lack of balance among different societal factors (such as social, economic, and cultural) in built environment reconstruction directly damages other aspects of recovery, which significantly delays the capacity-building process of resilience.
Design and Engineering of Resilience for Networked Computer Systems
Authors: Hutchison David , Rouncefield Mark , Gouglidis Antonios , Anderson Tom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors introduce and describe the notion of resilience for networked computer systems. Central to our viewpoint is that such systems need to be designed and engineered to have resilience as a major property. This is in contrast to systems found in nature that may already have resilience, in some cases through a process of evolution. The networked systems on which the authors focus will generally be built using Internet technologies, which the authors briefly introduce. Engineered systems also require attention to their people and organizational aspects to produce a resilient outcome. Therefore, the material we present here is intended to combine the technological, organizational, and people aspects of resilient systems design and operation, with reference to utility networks—specifically to an electricity distribution case study. While the field of engineered resilience is advancing quickly and involves multiple systems, much of what is in this chapter still remains in the research phase, and has yet to be widely adopted in practice.
Social and Ecological Systems Resilience and Identity
Authors: Bousquet Francois , Quinn Tara , Therville Clara , Mathevet Raphaël , Barreteau Olivier , Bonté Bruno , Guerbois Chloé 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors first introduce the notion of social-ecological systems (SES) resilience. They trace the history of the two concepts (SES and resilience), which are interdependent, narrating the interactions between groups of researchers who study social and ecological processes. In the second part of the paper, the authors examine resilience through the specific question of the identity of an SES and how this identity persists or changes. They examine the meaning of identity through a literature review that orients readers to the study of the process of resilience as inextricably shaped by the vulnerabilities embedded in the SES. They claim in this chapter that the disruption of the relationship between natural and social entities that compose an SES leads to a new distribution of vulnerabilities among the entities. After these changes, the SES will be ascribed a new identity that reflects the new distribution of vulnerabilities among the entities and the means to cope with them.
Carefulness
Authors: King Nathan L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Whereas curiosity is the central intellectual virtue that motivates us to seek truth, knowledge, and understanding, carefulness is the central virtue that repels us from falsehood and irrational belief. This chapter explores the nature of carefulness. It begins with a series of problems designed to test the reader’s statistical reasoning skills, as a way to underscore the importance of carefulness. It then gives an account of the virtue itself. The virtue of intellectual carefulness lies between extremes of carelessness (a deficient attention to evidence) and scrupulousness (an excess). The chapter argues for the importance of carefulness across a wide range of applications, while resisting the idea that skepticism itself is a virtue. It closes with a suggested routine—the CSQ or Claim, Support, Question routine—designed to foster intellectual carefulness.
Humility and Self-Confidence
Authors: King Nathan L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the complementary virtues of intellectual humility and intellectual self-confidence. The former pertains to owning our intellectual weaknesses; the latter to owning our strengths. Both virtues require an appropriate degree of attention to our intellectual abilities, along with an accurate or reasonable assessment of these and a willingness to own them. Both humility and self-confidence rule out vices of arrogance and self-deprecation, along with pride and vanity. The chapter locates the virtues of humility and self-confidence in relation to their vice counterparts. It then relates intellectual humility to the much-discussed notion of a growth mindset, and suggests that developing such a mindset may foster humility.