bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the Work Behaviour Inventory and Work Environment Impact Scale to measure employment sustainability for people with severe mental illness in a vocational rehabilitation program
Authors: Soo Wei Qing Dionis , Kwan Minh Kimberly , Chia Kai Xin Kylie , Chai YanLin Elaine , Chern Arthur , Budihardjo Vincent , Tan Bhing Leet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivePeople with severe mental illness often have difficulty sustaining employment. Work Behaviour Inventory and Work Environment Impact Scale are vocational assessments used by occupational therapists to evaluate the facilitators and barriers of work performance and work environment respectively. These factors may have an impact on job tenure and can inform occupational therapy practice.MethodsThis study analysed retrospective data of 85 clients who attended a 3‐month Employment Internship Program from August 2016 to August 2017. Scores from Work Behaviour Inventory and Work Environment Impact Scale were analysed for associations with job tenure. Repeated measures were used to determine significant changes in Work Behaviour Inventory composite scores across the 3 months.ResultsOne‐month Work Behaviour Inventory composite scores, three Work Behaviour Inventory domains (cooperativeness, work habits, work quality), and three Work Environment Impact Scale domains (time demands, supervisor interaction, architecture) were significantly associated with job tenure. Significant differences in mean job tenure were also found between participants of different internship status. However, these factors did not predict job tenure in regression analysis. There were significant improvements in Work behaviour Inventory composite scores from the first to third month.ConclusionsWork behaviours such as cooperativeness, work habits, and work quality as well as work characteristics such as time demands, supervisor interaction, and workplace architecture may play a role in influencing job tenure. Occupational therapists may consider such factors and provide more targeted interventions to effectively sustain employment.
Efficacité du dispositif d'accompagnement à l'insertion professionnelle des jeunes au sénégal
Authors: Kane Abou , Ndoye Mamadou Laye , Seck Aliou 
Published: January 2021

RésuméCet article évalue à partir de données primaires portant sur 2755 individus, l'impact des programmes d'emploi sur l'insertion professionnelle des jeunes au Sénégal. L'évaluation d'impact est faite par la méthode d'appariement sur les scores de propension. Les résultats révèlent que la participation aux programmes de promotion de l'emploi augmente les chances de trouver un emploi régulier et stable; l'impact étant plus élevé chez les hommes que chez les femmes. L'État, en collaboration avec les employeurs du secteur privé devrait encourager et pérenniser ces programmes afin de réduire l'éloignement au marché du travail des jeunes, perçu comme un signal de faible productivité par les employeurs, mais aussi, et surtout, prendre en compte les spécificités des femmes afin d'améliorer leur situation après leur exposition aux programmes.
Informal Institutions and Corporate Reputational Exposure: The Role of Public Environmental Perceptions
Authors: Gaganis Chrysovalantis , Papadimitri Panagiota , Pasiouras Fotios , Ventouri Alexia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPublic awareness about issues surrounding the physical environment and climate change is becoming more important around the world. However, there is a lack of research on the association between environment‐related perceptions and reputational exposure. Therefore, we know little about whether and how reputational exposure is shaped by institutional pressures, as would be stipulated by institutional theory. Using a sample of 643 firms from 19 European countries over the period 2015–2018, we aim to shed further light on this issue. Our results show that more environmentally friendly public perceptions result in lower reputational exposure. This finding holds when, on an individual basis, we examine public opinions on energy, climate and the introduction of related policies. To ensure robustness in our results, we conduct a number of analyses and tests designed to alleviate endogeneity and correct sample bias.
STEM education: A tale of two paradigms
Authors: Felder Richard M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigher education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines has been in a turbulent period for several decades. Pressures for reform include declining STEM student enrollments, high attrition rates from STEM curricula, and the rise of powerful alternative teaching strategies shown by cognitive science and educational research to promote learning and curricular retention better than traditional teaching methods do. In addition, research has shown that online and face‐to‐face courses on average produce comparable learning outcomes, and hybrid courses that combine the best features of both are more effective than either face‐to‐face or online courses by themselves.Motivated by these and other pressures, many faculty members have adopted the new teaching methods, and distance education had become widespread well before the 2020 coronavirus pandemic forced most educators at all levels to teach online. As might be expected, however, many faculty members and administrators have resisted change, arguing that the traditional approach has always worked well and needs no major revision. Before the pandemic, most STEM courses were still being taught using the traditional methods, and many course instructors are eager to return to them.These different responses to calls for education reform have led to heated debates among university instructors and administrators regarding how STEM curricula and courses should be designed, delivered, and assessed, and the role technology should play in all three functions. This essay outlines two competing paradigms on each of these issues—the traditional paradigm, which has long dominated STEM education, and the emerging paradigm, which has become increasingly common in the last 30 years but is still not predominant at most universities and colleges. The essay concludes with speculation about the eventual outcome of the competition.
The influence of intraspecific sequence variation during DNA metabarcoding: A case study of eleven fungal species
Authors: Estensmo Eva Lena F. , Maurice Sundy , Morgado Luis , Martin‐Sanchez Pedro M. , Skrede Inger , Kauserud Håvard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDNA metabarcoding has become a powerful approach for analysing complex communities from environmental samples, but there are still methodological challenges limiting its full potential. While conserved DNA markers, like 16S and 18S, often are not able to discriminate among closely related species, other more variable markers – like the fungal ITS region, may include considerable intraspecific variation, which can lead to oversplitting of species during DNA metabarcoding analyses. Here we assessed the effects of intraspecific sequence variation in DNA metabarcoding by analysing local populations of eleven fungal species. We investigated the allelic diversity of ITS2 haplotypes using both Sanger sequencing and high throughput sequencing (HTS) coupled with error correction with the software dada2. All the eleven species, except one, included some level of intraspecific variation in the ITS2 region. Overall, we observed a high correspondence between haplotypes generated by Sanger sequencing and HTS, with the exception of a few additional haplotypes detected using either approach. These extra haplotypes, typically occurring in low frequencies, were probably due to PCR and sequencing errors or intragenomic variation in the rDNA region. The presence of intraspecific (and possibly intragenomic) variation in ITS2 suggest that haplotypes (or ASVs) should not be used as basic units in ITS‐based fungal community analyses, but an extra clustering step is needed to approach species‐level resolution.
Association of the Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase C385A Polymorphism With Alcohol Use Severity and Coping Motives in Heavy‐Drinking Youth
Authors: Best Laura M. , Wardell Jeffrey D. , Tyndale Rachel F. , McPhee Matthew D. , Le Foll Bernard , Kish Stephen J. , Boileau Isabelle , Hendershot Christian S. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundReduced function of fatty acid amide hydrolase, the catabolic enzyme for the endocannabinoid anandamide, can be inherited through a functional genetic polymorphism (FAAH rs324420, C385A, P129T). The minor (A) allele has been associated with reduced FAAH enzyme activity and increased risk for substance use disorders in adults. Whether this inherited difference in endocannabinoid metabolism relates to alcohol use disorder etiology and patterns of alcohol use in youth is unknown.MethodsTo examine this question, heavy‐drinking youth (n = 302; mean age = 19.74 ± 1.18) were genotyped for FAAH C385A. All subjects completed a comprehensive interview assessing alcohol use patterns including the Timeline Follow‐back Method, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to assess differences in drinking patterns and drinking motives between genotype groups, and mediation analyses investigated whether drinking motives accounted for indirect associations of genotype with alcohol use severity.ResultsYouth with the FAAH minor allele (AC or AA genotype) reported significantly more drinking days (p = 0.045), significantly more frequent heavy episodic drinking (p = 0.003), and significantly higher alcohol‐related problems and consumption patterns (AUDIT score p = 0.045, AUDIT‐C score p = 0.02). Mediation analyses showed that the association of FAAH C385A with drinking outcomes was mediated by coping motives.ConclusionsThese findings extend previous studies by suggesting that reduced endocannabinoid metabolism may be related to heavier use of alcohol in youth, prior to the onset of chronic drinking problems. Furthermore, differences in negative reinforcement‐related drinking could account in part for this association.
QTL analysis for early growth in an intercross between native Japanese Nagoya and White Plymouth Rock chicken breeds using RAD sequencing‐based SNP markers
Authors: Essa B. H. , Suzuki S. , Nagano A. J. , Elkholya S. Z. , Ishikawa A. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAn F2 population of 239 chickens was obtained by an intercross between Nagoya (NAG), a native Japanese breed with low growth, and White Plymouth Rock (WPR), a Western breed with high growth. Using SNP markers obtained by restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, genome‐wide QTL analysis was performed and it revealed three QTL for early postnatal growth in the F2 population at genome‐wide 5% significance levels. The most highly significant QTL affecting body weights at 2–4 weeks of age and weight gains at 2–3 and 0–4 weeks was located on GGA4 between 34.0 and 65.6 Mb with LOD scores of 3.9–5.9 and it explained 4.9–9.9% of the total variance of the traits. The analysis provided evidence for significant QTL on GGA2 between 105.6 and 125.2 Mb (LOD = 4.6) and on GGA1 between 51.1 and 61.6 Mb (LOD = 4.0) which had effects on body weight at 3 weeks and body weight gain at 0–1 week respectively. These two genomic regions explained 6.6 and 6.9% of the phenotypic F2 variance of the corresponding traits respectively. The allele derived from WPR at all QTL increased the corresponding traits. Neither sex‐specific nor epistatic QTL was detected. The results showed that the GGA4 QTL affecting multiple traits is a key locus responsible for early growth in our chicken cross, suggesting that this QTL may make a great contribution to genetic improvement of growth performance of the NAG breed with a low growth rate.
Retrospective cohort study evaluating the efficacy and safety of an orthopaedic consultant‐led virtual fracture clinic in an Australian level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Cavka Bernarda , Cross Emily , Montvida Olga , Plunkett George , Oppy Andrew , Bucknill Andrew , Treseder Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Australian health care, the consistent rise in demand for orthopaedic outpatient clinic services is creating marked challenges in the provision of quality care. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of a virtual fracture clinic (VFC) as an alternative model of care for the management of acute injuries and musculoskeletal conditions in the Australian public hospital setting.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of consecutive emergency department (ED) referrals to the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery was conducted comparing outcomes prior to (November 2015–February 2017) and after (March 2017–June 2018) implementation of a VFC. The primary outcome measures assessed were the proportion of referrals virtually discharged and unplanned 30‐day ED re‐attendance rates.ResultsA total of 737 (36.4%) referrals managed by the VFC were discharged without requiring orthopaedic outpatient clinic attendance. The rate of unplanned ED re‐attendances was 5.2% post‐VFC implementation compared to 6.5% at baseline (P = 0.01). VFC implementation was also associated with reductions in the average number of orthopaedic outpatient clinic attendances per referral (1.1 versus 1.7, P < 0.01) and the number of referrals lost to follow‐up (7.2% versus 14.7%, P < 0.01). In addition, patient wait times for first contact by the orthopaedic team were significantly reduced from a median of 7 (IQR 5, 9) days to 2 (IQR 1, 3) days post‐intervention (P < 0.01). No complications or adverse events were reported.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a VFC is applicable to the Australian healthcare system, and can lead to effective and safe provision of orthopaedic outpatient care.
Development of injectable long‐acting controlled release intravitreal depot of BAY224 using biodegradable silica microparticle‐silica hydrogel composite
Authors: Dargelas Frederic , Forsback Aripekka , Mattila Aarne , Leino Lasse , Noppari Panu , Reay Marcus , Terjung Carsten , Unger Florian , Baerfacker Lars 
Published: January 2021

PurposeIntravitreal (IVT) therapies are a standard of care for many ocular diseases. Frequent administration and injection‐based adverse events pose a hurdle for effective upkeep of ocular health. Developing improved effective treatment durations has gained significant traction. This study investigated if a near water‐insoluble drug, BAY224, could be encapsulated in biodegradable silica microparticles (SMP) and exhibit sustained controlled in vitro and in vivo release through a surface eroding SMP‐silica hydrogel composite (silica‐silica composite).MethodsBAY224 was encapsulated in a silica matrix by sol‐gel chemistry and spray drying. In vitro silica dissolution and BAY224 release from silica‐silica composite was analyzed followed by studying in vivo IVT release in rabbits. In vitro silica dissolution was studied in sink conditions colorimetrically. Cumulative release and total BAY224 content were analyzed by HPLC. In vivo release was studied by LC‐MS/MS of sample vitreous humor up to 55 days post 30 µl IVT injections.ResultsBAY224 was encapsulated, and silica‐silica composite was made at a load of 1 mg/50 µL (5.7 wt‐%). BAY224‐SMPs were sterilized using γ‐irradiation (26.8–47.5 kGy) not affecting in vitro dissolution. Burst release of BAY224 was >9 wt‐% in SMP and silica‐silica composite. Release of API was controlled by silica matrix surface erosion. In accelerated in vitro dissolution, the release time of BAY224 from SMP was 8–9 days. The silica‐silica composite prolonged release to 9–10 days. With the relevant in vitro‐in vivo correlation factor, in vivo release of 3 months was hypothesized. In vivo PK data showed sustained release of BAY224 in vitreous for at least 55 days. Daily API release (calculated from the API remnant in depot) was ca. 5–8 µg/day.ConclusionsEfficient encapsulation of a near insoluble drug was achieved with a silica‐silica composite with no burst release and a long‐acting release in‐vivo of >55 days in line with the in‐vitro dissolution results.
The effectiveness of brief cognitive analytic therapy for anxiety and depression: A quasi‐experimental case—control study
Authors: Wakefield Sarah , Delgadillo Jaime , Kellett Stephen , White Stephen , Hepple Jason 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of an 8‐session cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) protocol for patients with anxiety and depression in the context of relational problems, personality disorder traits, or histories of adverse childhood experiences and then to compare outcomes with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).MethodsThe study was conducted in a single Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service and used sessional outcome monitoring. Propensity score matching was used to derive equivalent CAT (N = 76) and CBT (N = 73) samples through matching intake characteristics. Longitudinal multilevel modelling (LMLM) compared patterns of symptomatic change over time between the two therapies.ResultsLMLM found no significant differences between CAT and CBT in depression, anxiety, and functional impairment outcomes and showed similar symptom change trajectories. Small between‐therapy post‐treatment effects and medium‐to‐large within‐therapy effects were found. CAT patients attended significantly more sessions, and the CAT dropout rate was significantly lower.ConclusionsBrief CAT appears acceptable and effective for patients with anxiety and depression in the context of complex relational problems when delivered within the high intensity tier of an IAPT service. The potential added value of CAT in IAPT services is discussed.Practitioner pointsPractitioners (under appropriate supervision) could use 8‐session CAT when treating patients with anxiety and depression in the context of clinical complexity.The 8‐session CAT model holds organizational promise in IAPT services.Brief CAT interventions should retain theoretical integrity.
Hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being during the COVID‐19 lockdown in Italy: The role of stigma and appraisals
Authors: Paleari F. Giorgia , Pivetti Monica , Galati Desirèe , Fincham Frank D. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThis study examines perceived and anticipated stigma towards infected people, threat and impact appraisals of the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as distressing personal experiences related to the virus in order to determine the extent to which they directly and indirectly predict hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being. Investigated experiences included exposure to COVID‐19‐related news, having being in close proximity to people with a COVID‐19 diagnosis or with COVID‐19‐like symptoms, having being sick or having suffered COVID‐19‐like symptoms, having tested negative for COVID‐19.MethodsAdults from northern Italy (n = 326; M age = 29.86) provided cross‐sectional data through an online survey during the nationwide lockdown period. Structural equation modelling analyses were conducted.ResultsPerceived and anticipated stigma, exposure to COVID‐19 news, perceived threat and impact on material resources access were negatively and indirectly related to both hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being via perceived COVID‐19 psychological impact which served as a mediator. Perceived stigma was also directly and negatively related to hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being, whereas having tested negative for COVID diagnosis was positively and directly associated with eudaimonic well‐being.ConclusionsCOVID‐19‐related stigma and appraisals can impair positive feelings about life as well as the pursuit of self‐realization and the search for meaning in life. The findings highlight the importance of developing psychological preventive and rehabilitative interventions to help people cope with these risk factors.
Leaving a Choice for Others: Children’s Evaluations of Considerate, Socially‐Mindful Actions
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhao Xuan , Gweon Hyowon , Kushnir Tamar 
Published: January 2021

People value those who act with others in mind even as they pursue their own goals. Across three studies (N = 566; 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds), we investigated children’s developing understanding of such considerate, socially‐mindful actions. By age 6, both U.S. and Chinese children positively evaluate a character who takes a snack for herself in a way that leaves a snack choice for others over a character who leaves no choice (Study 1), but only when the actors had alternative possible actions (Study 2) and when a clear beneficiary was present (Study 3). These results suggest an emerging ability to infer underlying social intentions from self‐oriented actions, providing insights into the role of social‐cognitive capacities versus culture‐specific norms in children’s moral evaluations.
Identification of an epigenetic prognostic signature for patients with lower‐grade gliomas
Authors: Yu Hai , Zhang Duanni , Lian Minxue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionGlioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with survival outcome for patients with lower‐grade gliomas (LGGs) being quite variable. Epigenetic modifications in LGGs appear tightly linked to patient clinical outcomes but are not commonly used as clinical tools.AimsWe aimed to derive an epigenetic enzyme gene signature for LGGs that would allow for improved clinical risk stratification.ResultsThe study employed transcriptomic data of 711 lower‐grade gliomas from three publically available data sets. Based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, we discovered a 13‐gene epigenetic signature that strongly predicts poor overall survival in LGGs. The robust prediction ability for survival was further verified in two independent validation cohorts. The signature was also significantly associated with malignant molecular signatures including wild‐type IDH, unmethylated MGMT promoter, and non‐codeletion of 1p19q together with linkage to multiple oncogenic pathways. Interestingly, our results showed that immune infiltration of MDSCs together with mRNA expression of immune inhibition biomarkers was also positively correlated with the epigenetic signature. Lastly, we confirmed the oncogenic role of SMYD2 in glioma tumor cells in functional assays.ConclusionsWe report a novel epigenetic gene signature that harbors robust survival prediction value for LGG patients that is tightly linked to activation of multiple oncogenic pathways.