bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical expression and application of Marxism
Authors: Qi Yuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Marxism is a scientific theoretical system about the understanding of the regularity of nature, society and human thinking. Marxism mainly includes Marxist philosophy (i.e. dialectical materialism and historical materialism), political economy and scientific socialism, among which Marxist philosophy is the theoretical basis, political economy is the main content and scientific socialism is the core and highest goal of Marxism. When analysis is made of the histories of mathematics, philosophy and economics, we are led to the inference that philosophy, economics and mathematics have a natural internal connection. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between philosophy and mathematics and Marx's evaluation of and research on mathematics, and then tries to express some basic and important principles of Marxist philosophy and political economy with the tools and ways of mathematics (formulas), in order to understand the profundities of Marxism much more easily.
The View of Student Teachers on the Teacher’s Profession
Authors: Trávníčková Petra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
In recent years, teaching is no longer perceived only as a job, but as a profession. The study focuses on student’s view on the teacher’s profession, which is important in the context of becoming a teacher. During their university studies, student teachers are at the beginning of their professional careers. Their attitudes, values and principles are still evolving.

Methods:
Building on previous studies, qualitative methodology was applied. The main goals of the research were to describe the changing views of student teachers on the teacher’s profession, and to compare their views in the first and third years of study. Therefore, thematic writing was chosen.

Results:
The results show that the student teacher’s views change significantly during their university studies. While in the first year, student teachers focus more on the importance of childhood, their own practical experience and the teacher’s influence on a child’s life; in the last year of bachelor´s study, the emphasis is on the teacher’s personality, teaching professionalism and on the teacher as a learner can be observed. This paper can provide evidence that university education for kindergarten teachers is important and it most likely influences their future work.

Discussion:
The research findings show that it is appropriate to pay attention to how views about the teacher’s profession change. This could broaden the view of the development of the teacher profession concept and could also be a useful tool for modifying the content of future teachers’ education.

Limitations:
A certain limit of research can be sen in using one method. It would certainly be appropriate to supplement the research with interviews with participants. In my future research I will focus on this issue.

Conclusion:
1. The student teachers’ views change significantly during their university studies, 2. The focus moves from their practical experience to the didactic theory. 3. There is a shift from focusing on personality of teachers to their abilities.
Making the Pedagogical Elements Used by Prospective Mathematics Teachers Visible in Teaching: Scenario Writing Activities
Authors: Aytekin Cahit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
In the reflective writing process, teachers make identification, information, explanation and evaluation activities (Spanneberg, 2009). It is thought that the scenarios written by the teacher candidates in order to teach a certain subject can give them an opportunity to think deeply. However, these teaching scenarios can be a valuable tool for reflective thinking in terms of educational matters such as teaching methods, pedagogy, and beliefs.

Methods:
In this study, it was investigated whether script writing is an effective tool to make pedagogical elements visible in the prospects of mathematics teachers. Case study pattern, which is one of the qualitative research patterns, was used in the research. For this purpose, thirty prospective mathematics teachers who participated in the study were asked to write two scenarios. The first one is called as “car travel” and the other one is called as “triangles and similarity” scenario. Before the study, some basic frameworks were defined for both scenarios. These are explained to prospective teachers. The “car travel” scenario in this research was given within the scope of the theme which includes only two people and a limited environmental interaction. The second scenario is the triangles and the similarity scenario. In the second scenario, the role of a teacher who conducts applied and real-life education outside of school is defined.

Results:
In general, it is concluded that script writing activities are very useful in training teachers. The data obtained from both scenarios reveal that the pedagogical elements constructed during the scenario writing activities become concrete in the minds of the prospective teachers.

Discussion:
It is observed that prospective teachers often include the structure of teaching related to real life in their scenarios. It is stated that teaching in the context of real life increases academic success and students’ interest in the lesson, and thus, the content is learned perceptibly by the students (Acar & Yaman, 2011). Another cognitive element that prospective teachers include in their scenarios is the use of available materials. It is noteworthy that the prospective teachers used real-life tools and materials as materials in the place chosen for the scenarios of their scripts.

Limitations:
This research is limited to script texts written by thirty prospective teachers.

Conclusions:
Thanks to this visibility, feedback can be given on the pedagogical elements that the prospective teacher will use in the future.
Employment Status and Educational Achievements in Universities: Evidence from Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ojonta Obed I. , Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Ojonta Peace N. , Orji Anthony , Anthony-Orji Onyinye I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Educational achievement has remained the common yardstick for assessing human capital development across the world. However, it has been observed that Nigeria is one of the developing countries facing the challenge of low level of academic achievement by employees in the university system, which in turn has grave implications for the overall performance of the Nigerian university system in terms of efficient work delivery.

Methods:
This study adopts a robust and stratified sampling technique to select 4,122 employees in selected federal universities in the southeast of Nigeria and uses structural questionnaire and binary logistic regression to analyse the effect of employment status on academic achievement in South East Nigeria.

Results:
The findings show that employment status negatively and significantly influences the academic achievement of employees in Nigerian universities.

Discussion:
The major focus of this study is to examine the impact of employment status on educational achievement in the universities for southeast, Nigeria. To drive more effective and efficient service delivery in the universities, there is need for adequate salary enhancement for employees in order to motivate them to strive for higher educational attainments.

Limitations:
The study was carried out in federal universities in Nigeria. It is expected to expand the study to cut across both private, states in Nigeria for effective and efficient comparison among the universities found in southeast geopolitical zones.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that government should continuously motivate these employees so that they can strive for higher educational attainments.
p-Synephrine and its various pharmacological effects
Authors: Ziemichod Wojciech , Gibula-Tarlowska Ewa , Kotlinska Jolanta H. , Grochecki Pawel , Kedzierska Ewa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There is a number of diseases for which, scientists are constantly looking for a promising new treatments. Isolation of novel substances with biological activity from plants gives hope for its use in treatment. In this review, we focused on the biological activity of p-synephrine (4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol) which was previously confirmed during both in vitro and in vivo tests. The main part of the review is dedicated to the anti-obesity activity of p-synephrine, as obesity is a disease of contemporary civilization. However, synephrine also possesses anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant activity and it is confirmed to be a hypotensive agent in portal hypertension. The review also emphasize that, based on current knowledge, the use of p-synephrine appears to be exceedingly safe with only limited range of side effects. Therefore, it seems that this substance may be of great importance in the pharmacotherapy of many disease states and further research is necessary.
The diagnostic value of immunohistochemical staining of the interstitial vascular C4d complement in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Pourlak Tala , Sharifi Sonya , Vahed Sepideh Zununi , Ahmadian Elham , Cucchiarini Magali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is the most common cause of adulthood nephrotic syndrome. Diagnosis of membranous nephritis is based on light electron immunofluorescence microscopy and clinical signs. Immune complex deposition against podocyte antigens such as phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) activates the complement system. Of this, complement Component C4d (C4d) is involved in the classical and lectin pathways. This marker may be used by immunohistochemistry to diagnose MGN when other methods are not available. In this work, C4d expression was monitored by immunohistochemical analysis in the glomerular capillaries of patients with primary MGN (study group, N=33) versus patients with minimal change disease (MCD, control group, N=20) in a cross-sectional evaluation performed based on the diagnosis confirmed by light microscopy and immunofluorescence. There was no significant demographic difference between the two groups except for age (P=0.002). C4d immune-expression was positive in glomerular capillary (2+ to 4+) in most of the MGN patients, while it was negative in the MCD group. The sensitivity and specificity of C4d immunostaining were 95% and 100%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.74 between C4d (immunohistochemistry) and immunoglobulins (IgG; immunofluorescence) and 0.65 between C4d (immunohistochemistry) and the C3 complement product (immunofluorescence). Immunohistochemical evaluation of C4d is, therefore, a sensitive and specific method that has a high correlation with IgG immunofluorescence.
Near Approximations in Modules
Authors: Davvaz Bijan , Setyawati Dian Winda , Soleha  , Mukhlash Imam , Subiono  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rough set theory is a mathematical approach to imperfect knowledge. The near set approach leads to partitions of ensembles of sample objects with measurable information content and an approach to feature selection. In this paper, we apply the previous results of Bagirmaz [Appl. Algebra Engrg. Comm. Comput., 30(4) (2019) 285-29] and [Davvaz et al., Near approximations in rings. AAECC (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00200-020-00421-3] to module theory. We introduce the notion of near approximations in a module over a ring, which is an extended notion of a rough approximations in a module presented in [B. Davvaz and M. Mahdavipour, Roughness in modules, Information Sciences, 176 (2006) 3658-3674]. Then we define the lower and upper near submodules and investigate their properties.
A MCDM Based on Goal Programming and GIS-Based Risk Assessment for the Evaluation of Educational Locations in Conflict Areas
Authors: Hallak Jamil , Polat Elifcan Göçmen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Conflict is recognized as a major barrier in socio-economic development. In conflict situations, most sectors such as health, food, shelter and education are adversely affected. The provision of education services to conflict-affected children saves them from becoming a lost generation and contributes to community building. Thus, we conducted this research to investigate the potential of a GIS (Geographic Information Systems) approach and risk assessment based multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) for the allocation of displaced dropped-out children to the most appropriate educational centres, taking into account multiple goals related to cost, distance, risk, etc. A two-stage approach was adopted, utilizing a risk assessment approach, and a location-allocation approach. The risk assessment approach was carried out using GIS and F-AHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) to determine the risk value of each candidate educational centre in the conflict area. In the location-allocation stage, a mathematical model was developed to allocate all demands to the chosen centres. All presented methods were computationally conducted on real case data provided by direct beneficiaries and stakeholders in the 26 sub-districts in the Idleb governorate, Syria. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed approaches ensure practical and theoretical impacts.
Assessment Methods for Evaluation of Recommender Systems: A Survey
Authors: Kuanr Madhusree , Mohapatra Puspanjali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe recommender system (RS) filters out important information from a large pool of dynamically generated information to set some important decisions in terms of some recommendations according to the user’s past behavior, preferences, and interests. A recommender system is the subclass of information filtering systems that can anticipate the needs of the user before the needs are recognized by the user in the near future. But an evaluation of the recommender system is an important factor as it involves the trust of the user in the system. Various incompatible assessment methods are used for the evaluation of recommender systems, but the proper evaluation of a recommender system needs a particular objective set by the recommender system. This paper surveys and organizes the concepts and definitions of various metrics to assess recommender systems. Also, this survey tries to find out the relationship between the assessment methods and their categorization by type.
Molinism’s Value in Easing Mistrust of God Stemming From Suffering and Divine Silence
Authors: Breitenbach Zachary 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One issue that sometimes produces mistrust of God in the life of a Christian is God’s perceived silence when He allows a trial to enter the believer’s life—especially when the believer has been faithfully praying that God would not allow it and there is no evident reason why God would not answer this prayer. This paper examines the nature of trust and some key reasons why it is difficult to trust God. It then argues that accepting the truth of human libertarian freedom and divine middle knowledge provides a powerful basis for thinking that God has meticulous providential control over the world without implicating God in evil, and this can help believers to trust God when they face trials and wrestle with His silence and apparent unresponsiveness to prayer.
Consistency and Fairness of Property Valuation for Compensation for Land and Improvements in Zimbabwe
Authors: Paradza Partson , Yacim Joseph Awoamim , Zulch Benita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Property valuation for compensation of expropriated properties in Zimbabwe has been characterised by inconsistencies for decades. Previous studies have noted that displaced people are dissatisfied with the compensation paid by the expropriating authority. Even though many academic works were done on expropriation and compensation in Zimbabwe, issues surrounding consistency in property valuation practices and fairness of compensation paid remain unresearched. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to close this gap. Data for this study were collected through primary sources (questionnaire surveys to members of the compensation committee, private property valuers, designated property valuers and former commercial farmers) and secondary sources (literature surveys including a review of statutes, official reports, books, journals, and newsletters). Findings reveal that there is inconsistency in property valuation for expropriation, no clear legal definition of what constitutes fair compensation, and that views on the fairness of the compensation paid for expropriated properties in Zimbabwe are divergent. The study suggests that there is a need to review existing expropriation and compensation laws in Zimbabwe to create consistency in practice, thereby improving the fairness in the amount of compensation paid to the displaced person(s).
The method of detection and localization of configuration defects in geodetic networks by means of Tikhonov regularization
Authors: Kadaj Roman 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In adjusted geodetic networks, cases of local configuration defects (defects in the geometric structure of the network due to missing data or errors in point numbering) can be encountered, which lead to the singularity of the normal equation system in the least-squares procedure. Numbering errors in observation sets cause the computer program to define the network geometry incorrectly. Another cause of a defect may be accidental omission of certain data records, causing local indeterminacy or lowering of local reliability rates in a network. Obviously, the problem of a configuration defect may be easily detectable in networks with a small number of points. However, it becomes a real problem in large networks, where manual checking of all data becomes a very expensive task. The paper presents a new strategy for the detection of configuration defects with the use of the Tikhonov regularization method. The method was implemented in 1992 in the GEONET system (www.geonet.net.pl).
Evaluation of the Environmental Sustainability of Hemp as a Building Material, through Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Di Capua Salvatore Emanuele , Paolotti Luisa , Moretti Elisa , Rocchi Lucia , Boggia Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Environmental issues, especially those related to the over-exploitation of natural resources, are leading towards considering alternative solutions and new approaches, such as the circular economy. Currently, some key elements of the circular economy approach are sustainable procurement of raw materials, improvement of production processes and ecological design, adoption of more sustainable distribution and consumption models, development of secondary raw material markets. This work aims to analyse the use of hemp as a building material, replacing traditional construction materials, but respecting at the same time the thermal, insulating and acoustic characteristics required in the construction of a building. The methodology used was Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which considered the hemp cultivation phase and the production phase of hemp-lime (“hempcrete”) walls. The hempcrete product was compared with two different solutions: a hemp and lime block, and a traditional perforated brick block with external insulation in polystyrene. In particular, the differences among the products in terms of embodied energy and net CO2 emissions were analysed. Results showed that the hempcrete wall had better environmental performances than the other two solutions.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DYNAMICS OF SMALL ENTERPRISES WITH ACCOUNT OF MEMORY EFFECTS
Authors: Гафурова Э.А. , Михайлов Ю.Л. , Грушко Ю.В. , Паровик Р.И. , Кашутина И.А. 
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes a new mathematical model of the dynamics of small enterprises with the participation of foreign investment, which takes into account the memory effect and affects the rate of change in the value of production assets. This memory effect can be considered as a property of the economic environment, for example, the influence on the production of external factors, in which the cost of production assets will depend on its previous values. This non-local effect can be written in terms of a fractional order derivative. In this paper, we will assume that the order of the fractional derivative is a function of time. Therefore, we will solve the initial model equation using numerical methods of the theory of finite difference schemes. Further, in the work, visualization and interpretation of the calculation result was carried out.В работе предложена новая математическая модель динамики малых предприятий с участием внешних инвестиций, которая учитывает эффект памяти и влияет на темп изменения стоимости производственных фондов. Этот эффект памяти можно рассматривать как свойство экономической среды, например, влияние на производство внешних факторов, при которых стоимость производственных фондов будет зависеть от предыдущих ее значений. Этот нелокальный эффект можно записать в терминах производной дробного порядка. В работе мы будем считать, что порядок дробной производной — функция от времени. Поэтому исходное модельное уравнение мы будем решать с помощью численных методов теории конечно-разностных схем. Далее в работе проведена визуализация и интерпретация результата расчетов.
DIRCHLET PROBLEM FOR A NONLOCAL WAVE EQUATION WITH RIEMANN-LIOUVILLE DERIVATIVE
Authors: Масаева О.Х. 
Published: December 2021

Доказано существование и единственность решения задачи Дирихле для уравнения второго порядка с дробной производной. Исследуемое уравнение переходит в волновое уравнение при целом значении порядка дробной производной
The existence and uniqueness of the solution to Dirichlet problem for a secondorder equation with a fractional derivative is proved. The equation under study is a wave equation for a integer value of the order of the fractional derivative.
VLF LIGHTNING DIRECTION FINDER
Authors: Дружин Г.И. , Пухов В.М. , Санников Д.В. , Малкин Е.И. 
Published: December 2021

Для исследования мощных электромагнитных излучений от гроз в Институте космофизических исследований и распространения радиоволн ДВО РАН создан ОНЧ пеленгатор, способный записывать сигналы электрических и магнитных компонент электромагнитного поля, определять направления прихода излучений в реальном времени. С помощью ОНЧпеленгатора на Камчатке исследованы эффекты, связанные с грозовыми источниками.
For the study of powerful electromagnetic radiation from thunderstorms, a VLF direction finder was created at the Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, capable of recording signals of electrical and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field, and determining the direction of radiation arrival in real time. With the help of VLF direction finder in Kamchatka, the effects associated with thunderstorm sources are investigated.