bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferential selection and contribution of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) to the efficient transmission of the panzootic avian influenza H5N8 2.3.4.4 clades A and B viruses in chickens and ducks
Authors: Blaurock Claudia , Breithaupt Angele , Scheibner David , Bagato Ola , Karger Axel , Mettenleiter Thomas C. , Abdelwhab Elsayed M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHighly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 caused outbreaks in poultry at an unprecedented global scale. The virus was spread by wild birds in Asia in two waves: clade-2.3.4.4A in 2014/2015 and clade-2.3.4.4B since 2016 up to today. Both clades were highly virulent in chickens, but only clade-B viruses exhibited high virulence in ducks. Viral factors which contribute to virulence and transmission of these panzootic H5N8 2.3.4.4 viruses are largely unknown. The NS1 protein, typically composed of 230 amino acids (aa), is a multifunctional protein which is also a pathogenicity factor. Here, we studied the evolutionary trajectory of H5N8 NS1 proteins from 2013 to 2019 and their role in the fitness of H5N8 viruses in chickens and ducks. Sequence analysis andin-vitroexperiments indicated that clade-2.3.4.4A and clade-2.3.4.4B viruses have a preference for NS1 of 237-aa and 217-aa, respectively over NS1 of 230-aa. NS217 was exclusively seen in domestic and wild birds in Europe. The extension of the NS1 C-terminus of clade-B virus reduced virus transmission and replication in chickens and ducks and partially impaired the systemic tropism to the endothelium in ducks. Conversely, lower impact on fitness of clade-A virus was observed. Remarkably, the NS1 of clade-A and clade-B, regardless of length, was efficient to block interferon induction in infected chickens and changes in the NS1 C-terminus reduced the efficiency for interferon antagonism. Together, the NS1 C-terminus contributes to the efficient transmission and high fitness of H5N8 viruses in chickens and ducks.ImportanceThe panzootic H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4A and 2.3.4.4B devastated poultry industry globally. Clade 2.3.4.4A was predominant in 2014/2015 while clade 2.3.4.4B was widely spread in 2016/2017. Both clades exhibited different pathotypes in ducks. Virus factors contributing to virulence and transmission are largely unknown. The NS1 protein is typically composed of 230 amino-acids (aa) and is an essential interferon (IFN) antagonist. Here, we found that the NS1 protein of clade 2.3.4.4A preferentially evolved toward long NS1 with 237-aa, while clade 2.3.4.4B evolved toward shorter NS1 with 217-aa (exclusively found in Europe) due stop-codons in the C-terminus (CTE). We showed that the NS1 CTE of H5N8 is required for efficient virus replication, transmission and endotheliotropism in ducks. In chickens, H5N8 NS1 evolved toward higher efficiency to block IFN-response. These findings may explain the preferential pattern for short NS1 and high fitness of the panzootic H5N8 in birds.Subject categoryAnimal, RNA Viruses
A population of neurons that produce hugin and express thediuretic hormone 44 receptorgene projects to the corpora allata inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mizuno Yosuke , Imura Eisuke , Kurogi Yoshitomo , Shimadaigu-Niwa Yuko , Kondo Shu , Tanimoto Hiromu , Hückesfeld Sebastian , Pankratz Michael J. , Niwa Ryusuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe corpora allata (CA) are essential endocrine organs that biosynthesize and secrete the sesquiterpenoid hormone, namely juvenile hormone (JH), to regulate a wide variety of developmental and physiological events in insects. Previous studies had demonstrated that the CA are directly innervated with neurons in many insect species, implying the innervations to be important for regulating JH biosynthesis in response to internal physiology and external environments. While this is also true for the model organism,Drosophila melanogaster, which neurotransmitters are produced in the CA-projecting neurons are yet to be clarified. In this study onD. melanogaster, we aimed to demonstrate that a subset of neurons producing the neuropeptide hugin, the invertebrate counterpart of the vertebrate neuromedin U, directly projects to the adult CA. A synaptic vesicle marker in the hugin neurons was observed at their axon termini located on the CA, which were immunolabeled with a newly-generated antibody to the JH biosynthesis enzyme JH acidO-methyltransferase (JHAMT). We also found the CA-projecting hugin neurons to likely express a gene encoding the specific receptor for diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44). Moreover, our data suggested that the CA-projecting hugin neurons have synaptic connections with the upstream neurons producing Dh44. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a specific neurotransmitter of the CA-projecting neurons inD. melanogaster, and to anatomically characterize a neuronal pathway of the CA-projecting neurons and their upstream neurons.
Institutional distance as a determinant of outward FDI from India
Authors: Nayyar Rishika , Mukherjee Jaydeep , Varma Sumati 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the role of institutional distance as a determinant of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from India. The study combines a nuanced view of institutional distance, with traditional location factors to analyze Indian OFDI flows to developed and emerging economies (EEs) during the period 2009 to 2017.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs fixed effects panel regression model on an unbalanced panel data set.FindingsThe findings suggest that India's OFDI is undeterred by the isomorphic pressures caused by regulatory and normative institutional distance, but cognitive institutional distance acts as a deterrent in developed economies. Indian MNEs engage in institutional arbitrage as they simultaneously engage in strategies of institutional escapism and institutional exploitation. The study also finds that emerging economies have emerged as an important destination for strategic asset seeking FDI, in addition to developed economies.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study present important implications for policymakers and corporate managers. For policymakers, the study points toward the need for improving the general business environment at home to prevent escapist OFDI and trade enhancement as a tool to overcome cognitive barriers and behavioristic stereotypes. For corporate managers, the study's findings underline the importance of adopting different strategies for dealing with different isomorphic pressures in developed and emerging economies.Originality/valueThe study adds value to the sparse literature using the IBV in the emerging markets context, to supplement and enrich existing theoretical frameworks. It is a pioneering study in its use of institutional distance as an explanatory factor for Indian OFDI and provides evidence of institutional arbitrage.
Bibliometric analysis on OA articles of public health emergencies from multidimensional perspective
Authors: Feng Xin , Sun Liming , Liu Yuehao , Li Jiapei , Wu Ye 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the development trend of OA articles and their advantages and disadvantages in the process of fighting the pandemic, and conduct a multi-level and multi-angle analysis of the relationship between publishing costs and the influence of OA articles.Design/methodology/approachThis study first compares the total number of articles in Web of Science with the number of OA articles, and the total number of COVID-19 related articles with the total number of OA articles. Subsequently, using the methods of institutional cooperation co-occurrence network, keyword co-occurrence and multidimensional scale analysis, and using the literature on the topic of COVID-19 in CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) as the data set, we generate visualized maps of research results distribution and keyword co-occurrence network with the help of the Statistical Analysis Toolkit for Infometrics (SATI)FindingsThe research results show that the citation frequency and use frequency of OA articles related to COVID-19 are significantly higher than that of non-OA articles. OA articles dominate in the anti-pandemic process, with a series of advantages such as short review cycle, timeliness, high social benefit, high participation and fast dissemination playing an important role. Under the model of author's non-payment for OA article, the degree of institutional cooperation and author cooperation is enhanced, which improves the fluidity of knowledge, strengthens close links between keywords and enhances significant academic influence; OA articles will continue to promote research in the field of COVID-19, but the lack of quality of some OA articles may hinder their development. Then OA articles will further focus on clinical medicine, and related results will continue to promote the development and communication of OA articles in this field.Originality/valueCorresponding measures are also proposed for the existing problems of OA articles, to provide a reference for the publication and dissemination of OA articles in public health emergencies in the future.
We dreamed a dream that entrepreneurial ecosystems can promote sustainability
Authors: Raposo Mario , Fernandes Cristina I. , Veiga Pedro M. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeResearch into the relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystems and sustainability has deepened in terms of both quantity and quality even while still remaining a fragmented and divergent field. Hence, the purpose of this study is to put forward empirical evidence to advance the literature on the relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystems and sustainability. To this end, the authors furthermore identify and highlight a future research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThe source of the empirical analysis in this article stems from the Community Innovation Survey, the leading statistical inquiry of innovation in companies carried out by Eurostat based upon the conceptual framework set out in the Oslo Manual. For modelling the variables, the authors applied binary regression based on logistic distribution.FindingsThe results of the research demonstrated how all of the variables considered for entrepreneurial ecosystems (co-operation with suppliers, co-operation with clients or customers, co-operation with universities; co-operation with government, public or private research institutes) return positive impacts on national sustainabilityResearch limitations/implicationsDespite the data spanning only the nine countries in the database, the results enable insights into the theory as the results serve to strengthen already existing considerations on the positive effects of entrepreneurial ecosystems for the sustainability of countries.Practical implicationsThe results of the research may generate important implications for company policy formulation. The identification of the relevance of the different actors in entrepreneurial ecosystems and their impact on sustainability may assist firms and policymakers to identify the leading actors and the resources necessary to sustaining their activities and thereby correspondingly establishing their priorities.Originality/valueThe research (1) both deepens the prevailing knowledge on this theme and fills a gap encountered in the existing literature; (2) in practical terms, for managers, entrepreneurs and politicians to better grasp how entrepreneurship constitutes a systemic phenomenon and these systems require approaching in terms of their impacts and greater contributions to obtaining sustainability.
The pathway toward pollution mitigation in EU28 region: does bioenergy growth make a difference?
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Abdul-Rahim A.S. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis research explores the effect of bioenergy use on carbon dioxide releases in 28 European Union (EU-28) affiliated members starting from 1990 to 2018.Design/methodology/approachApplying panels' fixed effect (FE) estimator and random effect (RE) estimator, the regressed findings are highly validated as they were robust by panel least square dummy variable corrected (LSDVC) and pooled ordinary least square (Pooled OLS) estimators.FindingsThe findings claimed that carbon dioxide releases decrease with an incline in bioenergy use and trade openness. On the other hand, fossil-fuel and economic growth indicators mounting carbon dioxide releases. The result implies that carbon dioxide releases in EU-28 region members can be mitigated significantly by mounting the quantity bioenergy use in generation channel. This will mostly participate in combating environmental pollution.Practical implicationsThe study suggests for EU28 region members to enhance the portion of bioenergy in their fuel access to decrease emitted carbon dioxide. Governors in EU28 members should mainly encourage bioenergy expansion to raise its security and availability. The politicians of the EU28 members must assert on efficacy and productivity of bioenergy production to achieve energy accessibility and decrease dependency on conventional energy.Originality/valueThis research applies the recently improved model, the panel data analysis approach, which considered for the first-class impacts of estimators on the dependent variable and deals with the several problems of the common Pooled OLS estimator's manner and performance. Finally, this research contributes to the previous studies on ecological sustainability by examining the presence correlation among carbon dioxide emissions, bioenergy sustainability, trade openness, fossil fuel and gross domestic product in the EU28 region. Hence, it proves our research novelty, originality and contribution to the body of knowledge.
Non-Indigenous partner perspectives on Indigenous peoples' involvement in renewable energy: exploring reconciliation as relationships of accountability or status quo innocence?
Authors: Walker Chad J.R. , Doucette Mary Beth , Rotz Sarah , Lewis Diana , Neufeld Hannah Tait , Castleden Heather 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis research considers the potential for renewable energy partnerships to contribute to Canada's efforts to overcome its colonial past and present by developing an understanding of how non-Indigenous peoples working in the sector relate to their Indigenous partners.Design/methodology/approachThis study is part of a larger research program focused on decolonization and reconciliation in the renewable energy sector. This exploratory research is framed by energy justice and decolonial reconciliation literatures relevant to the topic of Indigenous-led renewable energy. The authors used content and discourse analysis to identify themes arising from 10 semi-structured interviews with non-Indigenous corporate and governmental partners.FindingsInterviewees’ lack of prior exposure to Indigenous histories, cultures and acknowledgement of settler colonialism had a profound impact on their engagement with reconciliation frameworks. Partners' perspectives on what it means to partner with Indigenous peoples varied; most dismissed the need to further develop understandings of reconciliation and instead focused on increasing community capacity to allow Indigenous groups to participate in the renewable energy transition.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, the authors intentionally spoke with non-Indigenous peoples working in the renewable energy sector. Recruitment was a challenge and the sample is small. The authors encourage researchers to extend their questions to other organizations in the renewable energy sector, across industries and with Indigenous peoples given this is an under-researched field.Originality/valueThis paper is an early look at the way non-Indigenous “partners” working in renewable energy understand and relate to topics of reconciliation, Indigenous rights and self-determination. It highlights potential barriers to reconciliation that are naïvely occurring at organizational and institutional levels, while anchored in colonial power structures.
From connection to contagion
Authors: Hayden Cori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay proposes that we ‘think data’ with a complex legacy of work, once disavowed and now resurgent in social theory, on crowd formations. I propose this move because social media platforms’ mobilization of data – the extractions, ever‐shifting reaggregations, and micro‐targeting, on the one hand, and our engagements, re‐tweets, acts of sharing, and production of virality, on the other – has fuelled such anxious concern about the very things that animated much crowd theory in the first place. Key among these concerns are the force of emotional contagion and the threat of social dissolution; the composition of ‘the social’ by elements that well exceed the human; and pressing questions about the media through which energetic forces travel, often with lightning speed. What questions might be enabled by attending to the resonance between crowd theory's ‘anti‐liberal’ preoccupations and contemporary concerns over how social media platforms crowd us?
Prediction of severe adverse neonatal outcomes at the second stage of labour using machine learning: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guedalia J , Sompolinsky Y , Novoselsky Persky M , Cohen SM , Kabiri D , Yagel S , Unger R , Lipschuetz M 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo create a personalised machine learning model for prediction of severe adverse neonatal outcomes (SANO) during the second stage of labour.DesignRetrospective Electronic‐Medical‐Record (EMR) ‐based study.PopulationA cohort of 73 868 singleton, term deliveries that reached the second stage of labour, including 1346 (1.8%) deliveries with SANO.MethodsA gradient boosting model was created, analysing 21 million data points from antepartum features (e.g. gravidity and parity) gathered at admission to the delivery unit, and intrapartum data (e.g. cervical dilatation and effacement) gathered during the first stage of labour. Deliveries were allocated to high‐risk and low‐risk groups based on the Youden index to maximise sensitivity and specificity.Main outcome measuresSANO was defined as either umbilical cord pH levels ≤7.1 or 1‐minute or 5‐minute Apgar score ≤7.ResultsThe model for prediction of SANO yielded an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.761 (95% CI 0.748–0.774). A third of the cohort (33.5%, n = 24 721) were allocated to a high‐risk group for SANO, which captured up to 72.1% of these cases (odds ratio 5.3, 95% CI 4.7–6.0; high‐risk versus low‐risk groups).ConclusionsData acquired throughout the first stage of labour can be used to predict SANO during the second stage of labour using a machine learning model. Stratifying parturients at the beginning of the second stage of labour in a ‘time out’ session, can direct a personalised approach to management of this challenging aspect of labour, as well as improve allocation of staff and resources.Tweetable abstractPersonalised prediction score for severe adverse neonatal outcomes in labour using machine learning model.
Routine use of feeding jejunostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy: A metaanalysis
Authors: Vasavada Bhavin , Patel Hardik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe primary aim of our study was to evaluate morbidity and mortality following feeding jejunostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy compared to the control group. We also evaluated individual complications like delayed gastric emptying; post operative pancreatic fistula, superficial and deep surgical site infection.Material and MethodsThe study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement and MOOSE guidelines. Heterogeneity was measured using Q tests and I2.the random‐effects model was used.ResultsFour studies including a total of 1639 patients were included in the analysis. A total of 843 patients were included in the feeding jejunostomy group and 796 patients included in the control group without feeding jejunostomy. Overall morbidity was significantly higher in the feeding jejunostomy group (P = .001). There was no significant difference in perioperative mortality between both the groups (P = .07). Delayed gastric emptying was significantly higher in the feeding jejunostomy group (P = .021). There was no significant difference in development of pancreatic fistula between the two groups. Deep surgical site infection was significantly higher in feeding jejunostomy group. (P = .013). Hospital stay was significantly more in feeding jejunostomy group (P < .0001). There was no significant difference between readmission, TPN requirement and time to start oral feed.ConclusionFeeding jejunostomy seems to be associated with increased morbidity and increased length of stay.
Downregulation of long non‐coding RNA LOC101928477 correlates with tumor progression by regulating the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kong Demiao , Long Dali , Liu Bo , Pei Dengke , Cao Na , Zhang Guihua , Xia Zhenkun , Luo Meng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest malignancies. There is a growing body of evidence showing that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in ESCC oncogenesis. The present study aimed to explore the role of LOC101928477, a newly discovered lncRNA, in the development and metastasis of ESCC.MethodsIn this study, real‐time PCR, western blotting, cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), flow cytometry, colony formation, wound healing, transwell migration/invasion assay, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used. We also applied an in situ xenograft mouse model and a lung metastasis mouse model to verify our findings.ResultsWe determined that LOC101928477 expression was inhibited in ESCC tissue and ESCC cell lines when compared with controls. Moreover, forced expression of LOC101928477 effectively inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion via suppression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, LOC101928477 overexpression inhibited in situ tumor growth and lung metastasis in a mouse model.ConclusionsTogether, our results suggested that LOC101928477 could be a novel suppressor gene involved in ESCC progression.