bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Offshore Structural Analysis Using Response-Based Time-Domain Approach
Authors: Kyoung Johyun , Samaria Sagar , O’Donnell Jeffrey , Tallavajhula Sudhakar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Demand for life extension assessments of floating offshore platforms continues to grow worldwide. Conventional structural analysis methods have limited ability to accurately capture non-linear environmental loading, non-linear loading by the mooring and riser systems, and resulting higher order hull responses. The uncertainties are typically managed by the factors of safety applied in the structural analysis. Time domain structural analyses have long promised to improve analysis accuracy and reduce these uncertainties. This paper describes a comprehensive and practical time domain structural analysis methodology applied to a deep-water semi-submersible-type floating platform including results for structural strength and fatigue. In addition, the time domain structural analysis was extended for use in fracture mechanics and the assessment of notional weld flaws to facilitate specification of impactful non-destructive examination (NDE).
Present time domain structural analysis methodology employs a response-based finite element analysis (FEA) conducted in the time domain. All external environmental loads and inertial forces are converted to a response-based stress-time history. Previously, conventional time domain structural analysis involves massive computation resources to resolve solutions at every time interval. Present methodology significantly improves computational efficiency to be practical in real-world problems. The improvement is achieved by decomposing the structural response into a set of multiple load components selected on the bases of function for hull motion response and environmental loadings. Structural response in time domain is directly obtained by synthesizing the load components. An actual time domain structural response is captured effectively and efficiently to simulate the strength and fatigue criterion for the structure with consistent environmental loads and hull responses.
Utilizing the level of detail provided by the time domain structural analysis methodology, a fracture mechanics evaluation of notional initial flaws (engineering criticality assessments – ECAs) can be conducted providing meaningful technical basis for in-service NDE and life extension assessments. The procedures for fatigue crack growth and fracture documented in BS 7910 were employed to derive the smallest initial flaws (critical initial flaws) that may result in structural failure during a facility's lifetime.
A comparison indicates that conventional structural analysis methods provide conservative results for both structural strength and fatigue damage calculations resulting from the linear assumption of environmental loads and hull responses. Present time domain structural analysis methodology provides an innovative, cutting-edge approach providing accuracy and fewer uncertainties, which can be pragmatically used during a typical project.
Evaluation of Appropriate Usage of Ppe Among Healthcare Providers During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sabbella Sree Maneesha Ratnam , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Naraayan Purnima 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), inadequate staff training regarding PPE usage, and confused PPE guidance led to infections and deaths among healthcare workers in many countries. Protection of healthcare workers is needed as they are delivering essential services during the pandemic time. So, the main aim of our study is to evaluate the appropriate use of PPE among healthcare providers (HCPs) during COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among the HCPs of India during September and October. A 15-item self-administered questionnaire was used, and Excel 2019 and SPPS 24 were used for statistical analysis. A χ2 test was performed to determine the role of sociodemographic characteristics on appropriate usage of PPE.

RESULTS:
One hundred and eighteen HCPs have participated in our study. About 44.9% of the study participants know the proper way of donning the PPE, and 38.9% of the study participants know the proper way of doffing the PPE. About 40.6% of the study participants were aware of place for PPE removal and how to dispose a PPE; 69.49% of the study participants were aware of guidelines of donning and doffing of PPE recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization.

CONCLUSION:
The prevalence of breathing difficulty, headaches, suffocation, dehydration, hair problems, and skin irritation/maceration among frontline healthcare personnel using PPE during pandemic was seen. Appropriate usage of PPE is vital in safeguarding the HCPs and restriction of the spread of viral infection in the hospital setting.
Tracheal Intubation Using a Videolaryngoscope Assisted by Transtracheal Illumination with an LED Vein Finder
Authors: Shah Kinna G , Thakkar Jayshree 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Retrograde illumination of the glottis using an LED vein finder placed over the cricothyroid membrane produces a red-orange glow of light inside the airway that can be used to assist the intubator during videolaryngoscopy. The endotracheal tube can be guided through this red-orange glow illuminating the glottis and trachea.

Patients and Methods:
In this prospective, randomised, single-blinded study, a total of 200 patients posted for elective head and neck cancer surgeries were included. Patients were placed supine with their heads in a neutral position without a pillow. Intubation was done with The Anesthetist Scope videolaryngoscope in Group TI (transillumination) with an assistant holding the LED vein finder over the cricothyroid membrane. The glottic opening was identified by a red-orange glow within the airway and the intubation was performed. In Group C (conventional direct laryngoscopy), transillumination was not done during intubation. Exposure time was taken from the time when the patient's mouth was opened to the time when the best glottic view was obtained. Intubation time was noted from the introduction of the videolaryngoscope or conventional laryngoscope into the mouth, through successful intubation and identification of 3 complete capnographic waveforms. A total of three attempts were allowed for each patient.

Results:
The success rate was better in Group TI. Exposure time and intubation time were shorter in Group TI as compared to Group C. In three patients with carcinoma of the vocal cords, the glottic opening was identified only by retrograde light transmission from the vein finder.

Conclusion:
A combination of videolaryngoscopy and LED vein finder is an effective method to achieve a better success rate of tracheal intubation.
Evaluation of Difficult Airway in Trauma Patients from Lateral Cervical Radiographs
Authors: Gultekin Aysenur , Korkut Mustafa , Soyuncu Secgin , Bedel Cihan 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Many tests have been developed that are used either singly or in combination to identify a difficult airway. However, airway patency may not be adequately evaluated in some patients despite these tests. Lateral cervical radiography can be an auxiliary technique to evaluate difficult airway in patients of trauma due to its bedside applicability, cost-efficiency and rapidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of lateral cervical radiographic measurements in predicting difficult laryngoscopy in trauma patients.

Patients and Methods:
The study consisted of patients of trauma who were admitted to the emergency department between July 2017 and March 2018. All patients underwent bedside cervical radiography and seven measurements were obtained. The anterior and posterior mandibular depths, effective mandibular length, atlanto-occipital distance, mandibulohyoid distance, thyromental distance and distance between the superior temporomandibular joint and the inferior edge of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4) were measured on the radiographs. Patients were divided into two groups as difficult and easy laryngoscopy groups, and the parameters were compared between the groups.

Results:
A total of 97 patients were included in our study. Of these patients, 54 (55.6%) were in the difficult laryngoscopy group, while 43 (44.4%) were in the easy laryngoscopy group. The interincisor, hyomental and thyrohyoid distances were significantly lower in the difficult laryngoscopy group compared to the easy laryngoscopy group.

Conclusion:
Bedside lateral cervical radiography is not a useful imaging method to demonstrate difficulty in laryngoscopy in patients of trauma.
Correlation of parathyroid hormone level with left ventricular mass in patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis
Authors: Shaltout Asmaa H. , Samir Sameh , Lashin Fayza I. , Sherif Mohammed H. , Aboelnasr Mohamed S. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD) have a high prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Hyperparathyroidism in these patients plays a key role in the development of LVH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) level with left ventricular mass in patients with ESKD on HD. Other factors that contribute to the development of LVH were also included.

Patients and methods
This study included 40 patients with ESKD at our dialysis unit. Patients were classified into two groups: group I included 20 patients with LVH and group II included 20 patients without LVH. Patients were defined as having LVH if they had left ventricular mass index more than 95 g/m2 in women and more than 115 g/m2 in men.

Results
There was a statistically significant increase in PTH in patients in group I than group II (P=0.009). Hemoglobin % was significantly lower in patients in group I than group II (P=0.042). Left ventricular mass index showed a significant positive correlation with PTH and a significant negative correlation with hemoglobin %.

Conclusion
Hyperparathyroidism and anemia are the two major contributors to the development of LVH in patients with ESKD on HD.
Cancer Rehabilitation in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Song Krystal , Amatya Bhasker , Khan Fary 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Despite increasing evidence of the benefits of cancer rehabilitation worldwide, the nature of cancer rehabilitation programs is not well described in Australia and New Zealand. We report findings of a pilot survey highlighting the current service delivery of cancer rehabilitation programs and health professionals' perspectives on barriers and facilitators to implementation of cancer rehabilitation programs.

Methods:
A cross-sectional pilot survey of rehabilitation health professionals in hospital and ambulatory care settings in Australia and New Zealand, evaluating current availability of cancer rehabilitation programs, health professional workforce, core components delivered, and barriers and facilitators to provision and delivery of cancer rehabilitation programs.

Results:
Respondents (n = 60) included rehabilitation physicians and advanced trainees, with a majority of respondents working in non-dedicated cancer rehabilitation programs in Australia and New Zealand. Most rehabilitation programs being provided to cancer patients are led by rehabilitation physicians, followed by allied health. The most common tumor streams referred include central nervous system, hematological, and breast cancers. Patients are most frequently referred during posttreatment phase. The core components of rehabilitation programs include management of complications and provision of education (mood, exercise, and fatigue management), with exercise prescription comprising mainly strengthening exercises, mobilization, and gait training. Common barriers for adequate service delivery included inadequate funding and lack of appropriate staffing with expertise, while most common facilitators identified were encouraging better collaboration and integration of rehabilitation within acute cancer care services and specialty teams and increased enthusiasm and engagement of staff with leadership skills.

Conclusion:
The pilot survey identified current service provision among rehabilitation programs providing care to cancer patients and highlighted preliminary gaps and facilitators to the implementation of formal cancer rehabilitation programs. These findings need further confirmation in a larger study to assess further outcome measures and the impact of barriers and facilitators for care quality. Collaborative efforts between physicians, patients, policy makers, and related parties may assist in overcoming the barriers identified.
Molecular Docking-Based Research on the Potential Anti-Encephalopathy Effect of Gentianine
Authors: Wahab Awais , Chen Jian-Xin , Jia Cai-Xia , Murtaza Ghulam , Wu Chuan-Hong , Wang Na 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Encephalopathy is increasingly threatening human health. It is correspondingly one of the concerns of society and medical community. As a natural source, traditional Chinese medicine has tremendous beneficial outcomes in various diseases including encephalopathy. Gentianine, a Chinese herbal compound, shows effectiveness in many diseases exclusively in inflammation. Therefore, this in vitro research was carried out to find its effectiveness in encephalopathy.

Methodology:
Ligand and proteins were searched and downloaded from ChemDraw and protein database, respectively. Sybyl-X2.0 docking software and its various functions were used to prepare ligand and proteins. Finally, gentianine was docked with proteins using Sybyl-X2.0 docking software.

Results:
Gentianine was docked with 20 protein targets. Compounds with C-score of 5 were selected. A total of three kinds of protein docked with gentianine (ABCC1, C-reactive protein [CRP], and NKX5-2) were selected. ABCC1 was expressed in the brain and was related to seizures and stroke. CRP was an inflammatory biomarker and related to seizures, epilepsy, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. NKX2–5 was also known as cardiac transcription and related to cerebral palsy, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. All these targets were related to encephalopathy.

Conclusion:
Molecular docking findings in this study lead to the suggestion that gentianine might be helpful in treating encephalopathy. This study is expected to provide a solution to find potential anti-encephalopathy compounds.
Exploration of Bioactive Constituents and Immunoregulatory Mechanisms of a Hanshi-Yufei Formulation for Treating COVID-19
Authors: Wei Wen-Long , Wu Shi-Fei , Li Zhen-Wei , Li Hao-Jv , Qu Hua , Yao Chang-Liang , Zhang Jian-Qing , Li Jia-Yuan , Zhang Gao-Le , Wu Wan-Ying , Guo De-An 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical compounds of a Hanshi-Yufei formulation (HSYF; a modified formulation of a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating COVID-19) to elucidate the mechanism of action and to evaluate potential anti-inflammatory effects of HSYF.

Materials and Methods:
The chemical constituents of HSYF extract were characterized using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Subsequently, a set of TCM network pharmacology methods was applied to identify disease-associated genes and to predict target profiles and pharmacological actions associated with the constituents of HSYF. Then, the antiviral effects of HSYF on H1N1 were assessed in RAW264.7 cells using MTT assays. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α following infection of RAW264.7 cells with H1N1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), and expression levels of inflammatory-related factors were detected using western blotting.

Results:
In total, 165 chemical constituents (including glycosides, tannins, volatile oils, amino acids, triterpenoids, polyphenols, phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, and flavonoids, among others) were tentatively identified in HSYF. Network pharmacology demonstrated that HSYF can regulate immunomodulatory- and anti-inflammatory-related targets of multiple pathways through its active ingredients, suggesting potential anti-COVID-19 effects. Furthermore, cell viability assays and ELISA showed that HSYF significantly inhibited H1N1 replication in RAW64.7 cells and markedly reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 at the proteins level.

Conclusions:
The results of the present study help improve our understanding of the therapeutic effects of HSYF in COVID-19 treatment from multi-level perspectives.
Irrational Use of Antimicrobials in Poultry Farms and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alhouzani Talal , Saleem Mohammad , Sharma Arun , Khadka Sitaram , Gupta Ravi Prasad , Aryal Pallav 
Published: August 2021

Background: The rampant use of antimicrobials in poultry farms is creating a global public health threat as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans may arise from such practice. This study was conducted with the objective of quantification and hence assessment of the level of antimicrobial use in Pakistani poultry farms so that appropriate utilization of such agents can be assured.
Methods: Six randomly selected poultry farms of Pakistan with ten production cycles with 20,000- 30,000 birds in every production cycle were selected for the study from 2018 to 2019. The average dosage utilized on-farm was described by the defined daily dose (DDD) and used daily dose (UDD).
Results: It was found that enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, tylocin, and lincomycin were the antimicrobials commonly used by all poultry farms. However, only Enrofloxacin (UDD/DDD = 0.95) was being used within the rational therapeutic range. All the antimicrobials were used irrationally without proper indication and suggestion by the veterinarian. No records on antimicrobials use were found on any farm.
Conclusion: The irrational use of antimicrobials in poultry farms may lead to antimicrobial resistance which has been a global public health threat. The speedy action should be implemented to discourage such rampant use of drugs in poultry farms in Pakistan and countries with similar farming practices for the effective use of antimicrobials in the proper indication.
Morbidity profile and prescription audits using WHO core prescribing indicator in government hospitals of Province 1, Nepal
Authors: Shah Shambhu , Dahal Prasanna , Sah Anil Kumar , Parajuli Surya B. , Shrestha Naveen 
Published: August 2021

Background: Periodic assessment of morbidity and drug use at various levels of healthcare delivery system is important to recognize common prevalent morbidities and rationalize the use of medicines. The study was conducted to determine the common morbidities and audit prescription using WHO prescribing indicator in government operated tertiary hospitals of eastern Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in government tertiary hospitals of Province 1, Nepal, from March 2019 to August 2019. For analysis, descriptive statistics were used. Prescribing characteristics were evaluated using recommended guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators.
Results: Six hundred prescriptions were analyzed. The most prevalent morbidity was endocrine, nutrition & metabolic diseases (21.5%) followed by diseases of the respiratory system (19.8%), circulatory system (17.6%), and digestive system (12.8%). The most frequently encountered individual disease entity were hypertension (18.7%), diabetes (15.5%), acid peptic disorders (14%). A total of 2072 drugs were prescribed with an average of 3.45 (± 1.39) drugs per consultation. About 30.2% of prescriptions encountered contain at least one antibiotics, whereas injectable were prescribed in 1.8%. Only 3.9% of total medicines were prescribed in generic name and 31.7% of drug prescribed were from essential medicine list.
Conclusion: Among the prescriptions evaluated, diseases of the endocrine, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems were the most common morbidities. Polypharmacy was prevalent to some extent whereas prescribing in generic and essential medicine list was poor relative to standard WHO recommendations. However, the overall prescribing of antibiotics and injection were found to be satisfactory.
Remembering Nepal Earthquake of 2015 and Updating Post-earthquake Reconstruction
Authors: Dangal Ganesh , Dangal Ojash , Gelal Dharana 
Published: August 2021

Nepal earthquake of 2015, a massive earthquake that struck near the city of Kathmandu (Gorkha) in central Nepal on April 25, 2015. Nearly 9,000 people were killed, many thousands more were injured, and more than 600,000 structures in Kathmandu and other nearby 31 districts were either damaged or destroyed. The earthquake was felt throughout central and eastern Nepal, much of the Ganges River plain in northern India, and northwestern Bangladesh, as well as in the southern parts of the Plateau of Tibet and western Bhutan.
ENHANCING LEARNERS VOCABULARY SKILLS BY MEANS OF ENGLISH SONGS – AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Narayan Ravnil 
Published: August 2021

<p>In the core of teaching the four macro skills of a language, vocabulary is considered to be the panacea to achieve absolute mastery of the target language. It is considered to be the crucial rudiment towards learning a foreign language and if not mastered in the apt way may lead to a serious impediment on a learner. Therefore, in order to avoid this from happening songs could be considered as a solution to assist the learners’ from having low mastery of English vocabulary. In the day to day communication hearing the songs could be considered as a solution to increase the tendency of awareness in recognising English vocabulary. Hence, this proposed study has intended to examine the use of English songs on learners’ vocabulary mastery skills, which was conducted through an experimental design. In this research, there was one class each that were chosen as research samples. The first one was considered as an experimental group, while later was the control. Each class had thirty students as respondents. Also, there were two variables that consisted of English songs and learners’ vocabulary mastery skills. The sample was randomised and was determined based on independent measures, which was conducted in an intermediate class level at a primary school in Wudaokou district, Beijing, China.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0621/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>