bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Pediatric Surgeons' Association Survey on the Management of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Children
Authors: Soyer Tutku , Dariel Anne , Dingemann Jens , Martinez Leopoldo , Pini-Prato Alessio , Morini Francesco , De Coppi Paolo , Gorter Ramon , Doi Takashi , Antunovic Sanja Sindjic , Kakar Mohit , Hall Nigel J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim To evaluate the practice patterns of the European Pediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA) members regarding the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in children.
Methods An online survey was distributed to all members of EUPSA.
Results In total, 131 members from 44 countries participated in the survey. Interventional approach (78%) is the most common choice of treatment in the first episode, and most commonly, chest tube insertion (71%) is performed. In the case of a respiratory stable patient, 60% of the responders insert chest tubes if the pneumothorax is more than 2 cm. While 49% of surgeons prefer surgical intervention in the second episode, 42% still prefer chest tube insertion. Main indications for surgical treatment were the presence of bullae more than 2 cm (77%), and recurrent pneumothorax (76%). Eighty-four percent of surgeons prefer thoracoscopy and perform excision of bullae with safe margins (91%). To prevent recurrences, 54% of surgeons perform surgical pleurodesis with pleural abrasion (55%) and partial pleurectomy (22%). The responders who perform thoracoscopy use more surgical pleurodesis and prefer shorter chest tube duration than the surgeons performing open surgery (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Most of the responders prefer chest tube insertion in the management of first episode of PSP and perform surgical treatment in the second episode in case of underlying bullae more than 2 cm and recurrent pneumothorax. The surgeons performing thoracoscopy use more surgical pleurodesis and prefer shorter chest tube duration than the responders performing open surgery. The development of evidence-based guidelines may help standardize care and improve outcomes in children with PSP.
Effect of focusing plane on laser blow-off shock waves from confined aluminum and copper foils
Authors: Guthikonda Nagaraju , Sai Shiva S , Manikanta Elle , Kameswari D P S L , Ikkurthi V R , Sijoy C D , Prem Kiran P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present results on the dynamics of laser-induced blow-off shockwave generation from the rear side of 20 µm thick aluminum and copper foil confined with a glass (BK7) substrate. These foils are irradiated by 10 ns, 532 nm laser pulses of energy 25–200 mJ corresponding to the intensity range 0.2–10 GW cm−2. The plasma temperature at the glass-foil interface is observed to play an important role in the coupling of laser energy to the foil. From our experiments and 1D hydrodynamic simulations, we confirm that moving the glass-foil interface away from the focal plane led to (a) enhanced absorption of the laser beam by the foil resulting in ∼30% higher blow-off shock velocities (b) significant changes in the material ejection in terms of increased blow-off mass of the foil (c) lower plasma density and temperatures. The material ejection as well as blow-off shock velocity is higher for Al compared to Cu. The simulated shock evolution in ambient air shows a reasonably good agreement with the experimental results.
Adversarial domain adaptation of asymmetric mapping with CORAL alignment for intelligent fault diagnosis
Authors: Li Ranran , Li Shunming , Xu Kun , Li Xianglian , Lu Jiantao , Zeng Mengjie , Li Miaozhen , Du Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rolling bearings play a vital role in the overall operation of rotating machinery. In practice, many learning methods for variable-speed fault diagnosis ignore task-specific decision boundaries, making it very difficult to completely match feature distribution between different domains. Therefore, to overcome this problem, an adversarial domain adaptation of asymmetric mapping with CORAL alignment is presented. The asymmetric mapping feature extractor is able to extract more specific-domain features with obvious distinction. Meanwhile, combining the maximum classifier discrepancy of deep transfer to give an adversarial approach and taking the task-specific decision boundaries into account, class-level alignment between the features of the source domain and target domain can be attempted. To prevent degenerate learning, which is possibly caused by asymmetric mapping and adversarial learning, the model is constrained by deep CORAL alignment to extract more domain-invariant features. Experimental results show that the proposed method can solve the variable-speed (a small span of intermediate vehicle speeds) fault diagnosis problem well, with high transfer accuracy and strong generalization.
Multi-scale modeling of 2D GaSe FETs with strained channels
Authors: Toral-Lopez A , Santos H , Marin E G , Ruiz F G , Palacios J J , Godoy A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electronic devices based on bidimensional materials (2DMs) are the subject of an intense experimental research, that demands a tantamount theoretical activity. The latter must be hold up by a varied set of tools able to rationalize, explain and predict the operation principles of the devices. However, in the broad context of multi-scale computational nanoelectronics, there is currently a lack of simulation tools connecting atomistic descriptions with semi-classical mesoscopic device-level simulations and able to properly explain the performance of many state-of-the-art devices. To contribute to filling this gap we present a multi-scale approach that combines fine-level material calculations with a semi-classical drift-diffusion transport model. Its use is exemplified by assessing 2DM field effect transistors with strained channels, showing excellent capabilities to capture the changes in the crystal structure and their impact into the device performance. Interestingly, we verify the capacity of strain in monolayer GaSe to enhance the conduction of one type of carrier, enabling the possibility to mimic the effect of chemical doping on 2D materials. These results illustrate the great potential of the proposed approach to bridge levels of abstraction rarely connected before and thus contribute to the theoretical modeling of state-of-the-art 2DM-based devices.
Reversible structural transition of two-dimensional copper selenide on Cu(111)
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Que Yande , Xu Chaoqiang , Liu Bin , Xiao Xudong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Structural engineering opens a door to manipulating the structures and thus tuning the properties of two-dimensional materials. Here, we report a reversible structural transition in honeycomb CuSe monolayer on Cu(111) through scanning tunneling microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Direct selenization of Cu(111) gives rise to the formation of honeycomb CuSe monolayers with one-dimensional moiré structures (stripe-CuSe), due to the asymmetric lattice distortions in CuSe induced by the lattice mismatch. Additional deposition of Se combined with post annealing results in the formation of honeycomb CuSe with quasi-ordered arrays of triangular holes (hole-CuSe), namely, the structural transition from stripe-CuSe to hole-CuSe. Further, annealing the hole-CuSe at higher temperature leads to the reverse structural transition, namely from hole-CuSe to stripe-CuSe. AES measurement unravels the Se content change in the reversible structural transition. Therefore, both the Se coverage and annealing temperature play significant roles in the reversible structural transition in CuSe on Cu(111). Our work provides insights in understanding of the structural transitions in two-dimensional materials.
High-pressure vapor-solid transformation of 2D template to derive 2D Co–N–C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Lin Li , Du Xing , Wang Junjie , Chen Hui , He Xuan , Fang Wei , Li Yang , Chen Zhen , Zhao Lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cobalt zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-67) have attracted significant research interests to synthesize cobalt and nitrogen co-doped carbon-based (Co–N–C) catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, most of the current synthetic approaches of 2D ZIF-67 are energy-intensive, environmentally hazardous and low-yield. Herein, a feasible and efficient ‘morphology-retaining method via a high-pressure vapor-solid reaction’ are reported to synthesize 2D ZIF-67 nanosheets by using 2D cobalt carbonate hydroxide template. In the strategy, the high-pressure vapor caused by sublimation of 2-Melm and the pores formed from effusion of CO2 during transformation ensure the complete transformation from 2D template to 2D ZIF-67. The corresponding 2D Co–N–C catalyst exhibits comparable ORR electrocatalytic activity and better stability than Pt/C in alkaline media. The present method is expected to offer a feasible and universal way to efficiently synthesize 2D M–N–C catalysts.
Experimental investigations of a new concept of wave energy converter hybridizing piezoelectric and dielectric elastomer generators
Authors: Boccalero Gregorio , Chesne Simon , Mignot Emmanuel , Riviere Nicolas , Jean-Mistral Claire 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A novel concept of a surge wave energy converter for nearshore applications is investigated experimentally. The centimetre-sized prototype developed in this work represents a proof of concept of a submerged system, which entails a hybrid transduction solution for the electrical conversion of wave energy, that uses piezoelectric elements (PZEs) and dielectric elastomer generators (DEG). The idea is to exploit the horizontal pressure gradient and horizontal water velocity underneath the waves to compress the PZE and inflate each half wave period a soft variable capacitance, which composes the DEG. The electrical charges created by the PZE are used to polarize the DEG, which is able to multiply the input energy. This hybridization is conceived to allow the system to generate electrical energy from waves without conventional high voltage supplies, thus reducing production costs and allowing standalone clean electrical generation. The article provides the preliminary fluid-mechanical measurements performed in a wave flume with a first version of the prototype and supported by a model comprising the fluid/structure interaction, the materials response, and the electrical operations. An estimation of the output energy of a small-sized prototype in constant charge mode is computed, and perspectives for optimizing the system are presented.
Optical tunable multifunctional slow light device based on double monolayer graphene grating-like metamaterial
Authors: Xu Hui , Wang Xiaojing , Chen Zhiquan , Li Xuelei , He Longhui , Dong Yulan , Nie Guozheng , He Zhihui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A very simple optical tunable device, which can realize multiple functions of frequency selection, reflection and slow light, is presented at the investigation. The proposed device is constructed by a periodic grating-like structure. There are two dielectrics (graphene and silicon) in a period of the equivalent grating. The incident light will strongly resonate with the graphene of electrostatic doping, forming an evanescent wave propagating along the surface of graphene, and this phenomenon is the surface plasmon. Under constructive interference of the polaritons, a unique plasmonic induced transparency phenomenon will be achieved. The induced transparency produced by this device can be well theoretically fitted by the bright and dark mode of optical equivalent cavity which can be called coupled mode theory. This theory can well analyze the influence of various modes and various losses between the function of this device. The device can use gate voltages for electrostatic doping in order to change the graphene carrier concentration and tune the optical performance of the device. Moreover, the length of the device in y-direction is will be much larger than the length of single cycle, providing some basis for realizing the fast tunable function and laying a foundation for the integration. Through a simulation and calculation, we can find that the group index and group delay of this device are as high as 515 and 0.257 picoseconds (ps) respectively, so it can provide a good construction idea for the slow light device. The proposed grating-like metamaterial structure can provide certain simulation and theoretical help for the optical tunable reflectors, absorbers, and slow light devices.
Amplitude resonance response and feedback control of cantilever beams with tip-mass under aerodynamic load
Authors: Rolphe Zemtchou Francis , Sandrine Mabekou Takam Jeanne , Nganyo Nguenang Pernel , Kisito Talla Pierre 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The dynamic of a cantilever beam with tip mass is studied under an aerodynamic loading. The effects of coupling is investigated by tacking into account the fluid flow. Using the multiple time scale method, the approximative solutions are found and the study of their stability is made by the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. The influence of parameters on the system is studied at the harmonic and subharmonic resonances. The results show that, the effects of tip mass can be neglected in harmonic resonance case, while they are more important in subharmonic resonance cases. The results equally demonstrate that an increase of the stable state fluid velocity reduces the amplitude of vibrations. In addition, the hysteresis phenomenon studies show that it is principally induced by nonlinearity coefficients. Finally, time-delay feedback control is applied and the effects of controlling are observed on amplitude response curve at the harmonic resonance, from where we note that optimized choice of control parameters can be useful in controlling vibrations.
Determination of methanol concentration in ethanol in liquid phase by a phononic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Salman Aysevil , Ates Emine , Biçer Ahmet , Deniz Sualp , Cicek Ahmet , Korozlu Nurettin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA practical and portable ultrasonic interferometric sensor to detect methanol concentration in ethanol in the liquid phase is numerically investigated. For high-sensitivity operation, the sensor is designed as a Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on a linear-defect waveguide in a two-dimensional phononic crystal, which consists of square array of cylindrical steel rods in water. The waveguide core comprises polyethylene tubing, impedance-matched with water, filled with either pure ethanol or ethanol-methanol binary mixture, allowing fast replacement of the analyte. Band structure analyses through the finite-element method are carried out to obtain guiding modes at frequencies around 200 kHz. With 50 × 21 cells with 4.2 mm periodicity, the total sensor area is 210-by-88.2 millimeters, which can be significantly reduced by increasing the operating frequency to megahertz range. The interferometer is constructed via T junctions of the waveguide, which facilitates low-loss equal splitting and recollection of ultrasonic waves. Sample and reference wave paths are constructed by filling polyethylene tubing on the upper and lower halves of the interferometer with the ethanol-methanol mixture and pure ethanol, respectively. Frequency-domain finite-element method simulations reveal that the sensor output is characterized by several transmission peaks, one of which is centered at 203.35 kHz with a full-width at half-maximum of 20 Hz, resulting in a quality factor of 10167. The peak frequency of this peak redshifts at a rate of 7.24 Hz per percent volume fraction change in methanol. The peak shift is linear when the methanol volume fraction is below 10%. Besides, the interferometric sensor has a figure of merit around 0.35. The proposed ultrasonic sensor offers rapid detection of methanol content in ethanol with high sensitivity.
Scattering in the Poincaré disk and in the Poincaré upper half-plane
Authors: de Jesus Anderson L , Maioli Alan C , Schmidt Alexandre G M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the scattering of a plane wave in the hyperbolic plane. We formulate the problem in terms of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation and solve it exactly for barriers modeled as Dirac delta functions running along: (i) N − horizontal lines in the Poincaré upper half-plane; (ii) N − concentric circles centered at the origin; and, (iii) a hypercircle in the Poincaré disk.
Lossless, scalable implicit likelihood inference for cosmological fields
Authors: Makinen T. Lucas , Charnock Tom , Alsing Justin , Wandelt Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a comparison of simulation-based inference to full, field-based analytical inference in cosmological data analysis. To do so, we explore parameter inference for two cases where the information content is calculable analytically: Gaussian random fields whose covariance depends on parameters through the power spectrum; and correlated lognormal fields with cosmological power spectra. We compare two inference techniques: i) explicit field-level inference using the known likelihood and ii) implicit likelihood inference with maximally informative summary statistics compressed via Information Maximising Neural Networks (IMNNs). We find that a) summaries obtained from convolutional neural network compression do not lose information and therefore saturate the known field information content, both for the Gaussian covariance and the lognormal cases, b) simulation-based inference using these maximally informative nonlinear summaries recovers nearly losslessly the exact posteriors of field-level inference, bypassing the need to evaluate expensive likelihoods or invert covariance matrices, and c) even for this simple example, implicit, simulation-based likelihood incurs a much smaller computational cost than inference with an explicit likelihood. This work uses a new IMNN implementation in Jax that can take advantage of fully-differentiable simulation and inference pipeline. We also demonstrate that a single retraining of the IMNN summaries effectively achieves the theoretically maximal information, enhancing the robustness to the choice of fiducial model where the IMNN is trained.
Towards testing the theory of gravity with DESI: summary statistics, model predictions and future simulation requirements
Authors: Alam Shadab , Arnold Christian , Aviles Alejandro , Bean Rachel , Cai Yan-Chuan , Cautun Marius , Cervantes-Cota Jorge L. , Cuesta-Lazaro Carolina , Devi N. Chandrachani , Eggemeier Alexander , Fromenteau Sebastien , Gonzalez-Morales Alma X. , Halenka Vitali , He Jian-hua , Hellwing Wojciech A. , Hernández-Aguayo César , Ishak Mustapha , Koyama Kazuya , Li Baojiu , de la Macorra Axel , Meneses Rizo Jennifer , Miller Christopher , Mueller Eva-Maria , Niz Gustavo , Ntelis Pierros , Rodríguez Otero Matia , Sabiu Cristiano G. , Slepian Zachary , Stark Alejo , Valenzuela Octavio , Valogiannis Georgios , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , Winther Hans A. , Zarrouk Pauline , Zhao Gong-Bo , Zheng Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shortly after its discovery, General Relativity (GR) was applied to predict the behavior of our Universe on the largest scales, and later became the foundation of modern cosmology. Its validity has been verified on a range of scales and environments from the Solar system to merging black holes. However, experimental confirmations of GR on cosmological scales have so far lacked the accuracy one would hope for — its applications on those scales being largely based on extrapolation and its validity there sometimes questioned in the shadow of the discovery of the unexpected cosmic acceleration. Future astronomical instruments surveying the distribution and evolution of galaxies over substantial portions of the observable Universe, such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), will be able to measure the fingerprints of gravity and their statistical power will allow strong constraints on alternatives to GR.
In this paper, based on a set of N-body simulations and mock galaxy catalogs, we study the predictions of a number of traditional and novel
summary statistics beyond linear redshift distortions in two well-studied modified gravity models — chameleon f(R) gravity and a braneworld model — and the potential of testing these deviations from GR using DESI. These
summary statistics employ a wide array of statistical properties of the galaxy and the underlying dark matter field, including two-point and higher-order statistics, environmental dependence, redshift space distortions and weak lensing. We find that they hold promising power for testing GR to unprecedented precision. The major future challenge is to make realistic, simulation-based mock galaxy catalogs for both GR and alternative models to fully exploit the statistic power of the DESI survey (by matching the volumes and galaxy number densities of the mocks to those in the real survey) and to better understand the impact of key systematic effects. Using these, we identify future simulation and analysis needs for gravity tests using DESI.
CNNs for enhanced background discrimination in DSNB searches in large-scale water-Gd detectors
Authors: Maksimović D. , Nieslony M. , Wurm M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gadolinium-loading of large water Cherenkov detectors is a prime method for the detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB). While the enhanced neutron tagging capability greatly reduces single-event backgrounds, correlated events mimicking the IBD coincidence signature remain a potentially harmful background. Neutral-Current (NC) interactions of atmospheric neutrinos potentially dominate the DSNB signal especially in the low-energy range of the observation window that reaches from about 12 to 30 MeV.
The present paper investigates a novel method for the discrimination of this background. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) offer the possibility for a direct analysis and classification of the PMT hit patterns of the prompt events. Based on the events generated in a simplified SuperKamiokande-like detector setup, we find that a trained CNN can maintain a signal efficiency of 96% while reducing the residual NC background to 2% of the original rate. Comparing to recent predictions of the DSNB signal and measurements of the NC background levels in Super-Kamiokande, the corresponding signal-to-background ratio is about 4:1, providing excellent conditions for a DSNB discovery.
Dark matter with chiral symmetry admixed with hadronic matterin compact stars *
Authors: Wei Si-Na , Feng Zhao-Qing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using the two-fluid Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation, the properties of dark matter (DM) admixed neutron stars (DANSs) have been investigated. In contrast to previous studies, we find that an increase in the maximum mass and a decrease in the radius of 1.4

NSs can occur simultaneously in DANSs. This stems from the ability of the equation of state (EOS) for DM to be very soft at low density but very stiff at high density. It is well known that the IU-FSU and XS models are unable to produce a neutron star (NS) with a maximum mass greater than 2.0

. However, by considering the IU-FSU and XS models for DANSs, there are interactions with DM that can produce a maximum mass greater than 2.0

and a radius of 1.4

NSs below 13.7 km. When considering a DANS, the difference between DM with chiral symmetry (DMC) and DM with meson exchange (DMM) becomes obvious when the central energy density of DM is greater than that of nuclear matter (NM). In this case, the DMC model with a DM mass of 1000 MeV can still produce a maximum mass greater than 2.0

and a radius of a 1.4

NS below 13.7 km. Additionally, although the maximum mass of the DANS using the DMM model is greater than 2.0

, the radius of a 1.4

NS can surpass 13.7 km. In the two-fluid system, the maximum mass of a DANS can be larger than 3.0

. Consequently, the dimensionless tidal deformability

of a DANS with 1.4

, which increases with increasing maximum mass, may be larger than 800 when the radius of the 1.4

DANS is approximately 13.0 km.