bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oceanus: a context-aware low-cost navigation aid for yacht racing
Authors: Scagnetto Ivan , Brajnik Giorgio , Gus Peter , Trevisan Francesco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOceanus is a hardware and software platform designed and developed to provide useful information to the crew of a racing yacht. The key features of the proposed solution are its reliability, the possibility to extend and customise it, and its context-awareness, which simplifies its usage in an intelligent way. The target users of the system are both beginners who want a navigation aid, but cannot afford the expensive and often overly complicated commercial systems available on the market, and more experienced sailors who can benefit from an open and customisable instrument to study and fine-tune the setup and performance of their sailing boats. Furthermore, Oceanus strives to be as much as possible a low-cost architecture, both in software and hardware requirements.
PCIT engagement and persistence among child welfare-involved families: Associations with harsh parenting, physiological reactivity, and social cognitive processes at intake
Authors: Skoranski Amanda M. , Skowron Elizabeth A. , Nekkanti Akhila K. , Scholtes Carolyn M. , Lyons Emma R. , DeGarmo David S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParent-Child interaction therapy (PCIT) has been shown to improve positive, responsive parenting and lower risk for child maltreatment (CM), including among families who are already involved in the child welfare system. However, higher risk families show higher rates of treatment attrition, limiting effectiveness. In N = 120 child welfare families randomized to PCIT, we tested behavioral and physiological markers of parent self-regulation and socio-cognitive processes assessed at pre-intervention as predictors of retention in PCIT. Results of multinomial logistic regressions indicate that parents who declined treatment displayed more negative parenting, greater perceptions of child responsibility and control in adult–child transactions, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) increases to a positive dyadic interaction task, and RSA withdrawal to a challenging, dyadic toy clean-up task. Increased odds of dropout during PCIT's child-directed interaction phase were associated with greater parent attentional bias to angry facial cues on an emotional go/no-go task. Hostile attributions about one's child predicted risk for dropout during the parent-directed interaction phase, and readiness for change scores predicted higher odds of treatment completion. Implications for intervening with child welfare-involved families are discussed along with study limitations.
Transcatheter utilisation of lifetech multifunction™ occluder device for closure of perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects: first use in North America
Authors: Bjorkman Kurt R. , Aldoss Osamah , Maldonado Jennifer R. , McLennan Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTranscatheter closure of ventricular septal defects is considered first-line therapy when anatomically appropriate but is often challenged by proximity to the conduction system in perimembranous defects, or irregular defect shape, especially residual defects that may remain post-operatively. Advancements in device design, however, have allowed for significant improvements in deployment techniques and overall safety. Here we describe the first use of the Lifetech Konar-multifunction™ occluder device in North America, and our specific use of this device to close complex post-operative muscular and a perimembranous-ventricular septal defects in the same patient.
Acute outcomes of three-dimensional mapping for fluoroscopy reduction in paediatric catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Anderson Chris , Rahman Maryam , Bradley David J. , Breedlove Kristen , Dick Macdonald , LaPage Martin J. , Martinez Alaina R. , McNinch Neil L. , Moore Jeremy P. , Papagiannis John , Razminia Mansour , Shannon Kevin M. , Shauver Lisa M. , Tuzcu Volkan , Clark John M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground:Catheter ablation is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia in children. Current improvements in technology have allowed progressive reduction in radiation exposure associated with the procedure. To assess the impact of three-dimensional mapping, we compared acute procedural results collected from the Catheter Ablation with Reduction or Elimination of Fluoroscopy registry to published results from the Prospective Assessment after Pediatric Cardiac Ablation study.Methods:Inclusion and exclusion criteria from the Prospective Assessment after Pediatric Cardiac Ablation study were used as guidelines to select patient data from the Catheter Ablation with Reduction or Elimination of Fluoroscopy registry to compare acute procedural outcomes between cohorts. Outcomes assessed include procedural and fluoroscopy exposure times, success rates of procedure, and complications.Results:In 786 ablation procedures, targeting 498 accessory pathways and 288 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia substrates, average procedural time (156.5 versus 206.7 minutes, p < 0.01), and fluoroscopy time (1.2 versus 38.3 minutes, p < 0.01) were significantly shorter in the study group. Success rates for the various substrates were similar except for manifest accessory pathways which had a significantly higher success rate in the study group (96.4% versus 93.0%, p < 0.01). Major complication rates were significantly lower in the study group (0.3% versus 1.6%, p < 0.01).Conclusions:In a large, multicentre study, three-dimensional systems show favourable improvements in clinical outcomes in children undergoing catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia compared to the traditional fluoroscopic approach. Further improvements are anticipated as technology advances.
Improving the measurement of food insecurity among people with HIV in South Africa: a psychometric examination
Authors: Lee Jasper S , Zopluoglu Cengiz , Andersen Lena S , Stanton Amelia M , Magidson Jessica F , Kagee Ashraf , Joska John A , O’Cleirigh Conall , Safren Steven A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Food insecurity is a structural barrier to HIV care in peri-urban areas in South Africa (SA), where approximately 80 % of households are moderately or severely food insecure. For people with HIV (PWH), food insecurity is associated with poor antiretroviral therapy adherence and survival rates. Yet, measurement of food insecurity among PWH remains a challenge.Design:The current study examines the factor structure of the nine-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS, isiXhosa-translated) among PWH in SA using a restrictive bifactor model.Setting:Primary care clinics in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement in Cape Town, SA.Participants:Participants (n440) were PWH who received HIV care in Khayelitsha screening for a clinical trial. Most were categorised as severely (n250, 56·82 %) or moderately (n107, 24·32 %) food insecure in the past 30 d.Results:Revised parallel analysis suggested a three-factor structure, which was inadmissible. A two-factor structure was examined but did not adequately fit the data. A two-factor restrictive bifactor model was examined, such that all items loaded on a general factor (food insecurity) and all but two items loaded on one of two specific additional factors, which adequately fit the data (comparative fit index = 0·995, standardised root mean square residual = 0·019). The two specific factors identified were: anxiety/insufficient quality and no food intake. Reliability was adequate (ω= 0·82).Conclusions:Results supported the use of a total score, and identified two specific factors of the HFIAS, which may be utilised in future research and intervention development. These findings help identify aspects of food insecurity that may drive relationships between the construct and important HIV-related variables.
Thermo‐Mechanical State of Ultraslow‐Spreading Ridges With a Transient Magma Supply
Authors: Fan Qingkai , Olive Jean‐Arthur , Cannat Mathilde 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe thermal structure of mid‐ocean ridge axes is a critical control on the mechanical properties of young lithosphere and modulates the faulting styles that shape the Earth's seafloor. Models that balance a steady input of magmatic heat with a vigorous hydrothermal output are generally successful at explaining the thermal state of magmatically robust mid‐ocean ridges. However, the magma supply of ultraslow spreading ridges is often subdued and highly episodic, and the depth‐extent and vigor of hydrothermal circulation in these settings remain poorly known, requiring modifications to the standard magmatic‐hydrothermal paradigm. We develop models that couple repeated magmatic intrusions with hydrothermal convection in a permeable domain whose boundaries are controlled by the extent of grain‐scale thermal cracking. Our simulations reveal decreasing trends of venting temperatures with increasing intrusion periodicity, as well as with increasing permeability. Our model explains the seismically inferred depth (∼10 km) to the brittle‐ductile transition and the depth of MORB crystallization at the Mid‐Cayman Spreading Center by invoking repeated intrusion of sills every 20–50 kyrs, depending on their size. Doubling this periodicity predicts a thicker (∼15 km) seismogenic layer and lower‐temperature venting, as observed at the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) at 64˚E. However, if fluid convection is not possible below ∼6 km, our model requires that high‐temperature venting at ultraslow ridges (e.g., Longqi at SWIR 49.7˚E) be fueled by shallow episodic magma intrusions into the long‐term convective region, which maintain high‐output circulation for at most a few tens of kyrs.
Physics‐Based Evaluation of the Maximum Magnitude of Potential Earthquakes Induced by the Hutubi (China) Underground Gas Storage
Authors: Jiang Guoyan , Liu Lin , Barbour Andrew J. , Lu Renqi , Yang Hongfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe world's largest underground gas storage facility in Hutubi (HUGS), China, is a unique case where cyclic gas injection‐extraction induced both seismicity and ground deformation. To assess the potential for future induced seismicity, we develop a framework physically based on a well‐constrained hydro‐geomechanical model and on fully‐coupled poroelastic simulations. We first interpret the spatiotemporal distribution and focal mechanisms of induced earthquakes and take it as a key step and a premise to estimate the magnitude and location of the largest potential earthquake. The sharp increase in seismicity was controlled by poroelastic loading on secondary southwest‐dipping thrust faults with spatial scales too small to be resolved by 3D seismic surveys. Both operational and local geological factors affect the seismic productivity at the HUGS site, distinguishing it from most cases of seismicity induced by wastewater disposal and hydraulic fracturing. We then conduct slip tendency analyses for major faults imaged by the seismic data, including the largest reservoir‐bounding Hutubi fault hydraulically connected to injection wells. The reactivation potentials of these imaged faults are estimated to be extremely low. Accordingly, future seismicity would most likely occur on failure‐prone secondary faults in regions with positive stress perturbation due to poroelastic loading. The maximum magnitude likely depends on the spatial scales of the secondary faults. As the occurrence of detected earthquakes is spatially and temporally consistent with the simulated evolution of Coulomb stress perturbation, the location of the largest potential earthquake probably depends on the sizes of the poroelastic stressing regions.
The Sensitivity of Eyewall Replacement Cycles to Shortwave Radiation
Authors: Trabing B. C. , Bell M. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of tropical cyclone secondary eyewall formation (SEF) and subsequent eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) to shortwave radiation is examined in this study by varying the solar constant and diurnal cycle at different times prior to an ERC using idealized simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The magnitude of shortwave radiation plays an important role in modifying the timing of the SEF with nonlinear interactions amplifying the SEF formation differences at longer lead‐times. Shortwave radiation has a delaying effect on the SEF and ERC primarily through its modifications of the distribution of convective and stratiform heating profiles in the rainbands. Shortwave radiation reduces both the area and diabatic heating of convection in the model domain, while increasing the amount of stratiform precipitation that has weaker low‐level cooling and upper‐level heating rates. The primary mechanism by which shortwave radiation reduces the diabatic heating profile and frequency of convection in the rainbands is through heating of the mid‐upper troposphere which stabilizes the region and reduces convective available potential energy.
A Global Climatology of Tropopause Folds in CAMS and MERRA‐2 Reanalyses
Authors: Akritidis Dimitris , Pozzer Andrea , Flemming Johannes , Inness Antje , Zanis Prodromos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTropopause folds are the main mechanism underlying stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport and influence tropospheric composition and weather systems by triggering convection. Here, we present the global climatology of tropopause folds in Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis of atmospheric composition products for the time period from 2003 to 2018. We applied a 3‐D labeling algorithm in CAMS and MERRA‐2 reanalysis data to detect tropopause folding events. In constructing their climatologies, we show that the bulk of the folds are vertically shallow and are mainly found at the subtropical zones in the vicinity of the jet streams, while deeper folds also occur over the storm tracks, consistent with previous studies. The spatiotemporal characteristics of fold climatology are captured in a similar manner in CAMS and MERRA‐2, with MERRA‐2 capturing slightly higher frequencies during all seasons. In quantitative terms, there is a good agreement between CAMS and MERRA‐2 fold frequencies with spatiotemporal R2 values of ∼0.9 for DJF, MAM, and JJA, and 0.75 for SON. The two reanalysis products are in close agreement regarding the intra‐ and interannual variability in fold frequency, with temporal correlation scores higher than 0.7 over the subtropical bands where the majority of folds are found. The agreement between the two reanalyses is lower in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, the global climatology of tropopause folds in both CAMS and MERRA‐2 reanalyses are similar to those of previous studies.
Structure of the Tectonic Front of the Western Alps: Control of Fluid Pressure and Halite Occurrence on the Decollement Processes
Authors: Deville E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the respective role of (1) the occurrence and the nature of evaporitic layers and (2) the fluid pressure conditions on the decollement processes and the structure of the foreland fold and thrust belt of the Western Alps. The decollement in the Jura Mountains is predominantly localized in halite‐bearing layers. Anhydrite‐bearing units which are not associated to halite are not hosting major decollement. The shift of decollement level between Mid‐Triassic halite unit and Upper Triassic halite unit has induced local tectonic subtractions and, elsewhere, tectonic duplications at depth. Available fluid pressure measurements show that fluids are not overpressured in the Jura. Even below the salt decollement, they remain in hydrostatic conditions. South of the Jura, the absence of halite is correlated with no efficient role of the Triassic layers in terms of decollement. The available pressure measurements show that the decollement is associated with high overpressure. Because of the low friction of halite, the Jura thrust wedge shows a narrow angle (3°–4°). The relatively high friction behavior of the decollement south of the Jura is responsible for stacks of tectonic units associated with a relatively wide angle of the tectonic wedge (12°–13°). The structural change between the Chartreuse and Vercors massifs is not controlled by the properties of the decollement but by the change of thickness of the sedimentary pile involved in the tectonic wedge. The change of thickness is controlled by paleogeographic heritage during Jurassic and Cretaceous times.
Persistent microbiome members in the common bean rhizosphere: an integrated analysis of space, time, and plant genotype
Authors: Stopnisek Nejc , Shade Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The full potential of managing microbial communities to support plant health is yet-unrealized, in part because it remains difficult to ascertain which members are most important for the plant. However, microbes that consistently associate with a plant species across varied field conditions and over plant development likely engage with the host or host environment. Here, we applied abundance-occupancy concepts from macroecology to quantify the core membership of bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Our study investigated the microbiome membership that persisted over multiple dimensions important for plant agriculture, including major U.S. growing regions (Michigan, Nebraska, Colorado, and Washington), plant development, annual plantings, and divergent genotypes, and also included re-analysis of public data from beans grown in Colombia. We found 48 core bacterial taxa that were consistently detected in all samples, inclusive of all datasets and dimensions. This suggests reliable enrichment of these taxa to the plant environment and time-independence of their association with the plant. More generally, the breadth of ecologically important dimensions included in this work (space, time, host genotype, and management) provides an example of how to systematically identify the most stably-associated microbiome members, and can be applied to other hosts or systems.
Polygenic risk scores for major psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders contribute to sleep disturbance in childhood: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Ohi Kazutaka , Ochi Ryo , Noda Yoshihiro , Wada Masataka , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Nishi Akira , Shioiri Toshiki , Mimura Masaru , Nakajima Shinichiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSleep disturbance is a common symptom of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and, especially in childhood, can be a precursor to various mental disorders. However, the genetic etiology of mental illness that contributes to sleep disturbance during childhood is poorly understood. We investigated whether the polygenic features of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with sleep disturbance during childhood. We conducted polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses by utilizing large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (n = 46,350–500,199) of five major psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder) and, additionally, anxiety disorders as base datasets. We used the data of 9- to 10-year-olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 9683) as a target dataset. Sleep disturbance was assessed based on the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) scores. The effects of PRSs for these psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders on the total scores and six subscale scores of the SDSC were investigated. Of the PRSs for the five psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, the PRSs for ADHD and MDD positively correlated with sleep disturbance in children (ADHD:R2 = 0.0033,p = 6.19 × 10−5, MDD:R2 = 0.0042,p = 5.69 × 10−6). Regarding the six subscale scores of the SDSC, the PRSs for ADHD positively correlated with both disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (R2 = 0.0028,p = 2.31 × 10−4) and excessive somnolence (R2 = 0.0023,p = 8.44 × 10−4). Furthermore, the PRSs for MDD primarily positively correlated with disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (R2 = 0.0048,p = 1.26 × 10−6), followed by excessive somnolence (R2 = 0.0023,p = 7.74 × 10−4) and sleep hyperhidrosis (R2 = 0.0014,p = 9.55 × 10−3). Despite high genetic overlap between MDD and anxiety disorders, PRSs for anxiety disorders correlated with different types of sleep disturbances such as disorders of arousal or nightmares (R2 = 0.0013,p = 0.011). These findings suggest that greater genetic susceptibility to specific psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, as represented by ADHD, MDD, and anxiety disorders, may contribute to greater sleep problems among children.
PTEN in prefrontal cortex is essential in regulating depression-like behaviors in mice
Authors: Wang Xiao-Qing , Zhang Lei , Xia Zhong-Yuan , Chen Jia-Yin , Fang Yiru , Ding Yu-Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChronic stress is an environmental risk factor for depression and causes neuronal atrophy in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and other brain regions. It is still unclear about the molecular mechanism underlying the behavioral alterations and neuronal atrophy induced by chronic stress. We here report that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a mediator for chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors and neuronal atrophy in mice. One-month chronic restraint stress (CRS) up-regulated PTEN signaling pathway in the PFC of mice as indicated by increasing levels of PTEN, p-MEK, and p-ERK but decreasing levels of p-AKT. Over-expression of Pten in the PFC led to an increase of depression-like behaviors, whereas genetic inactivation or knockdown of Pten in the PFC prevented the CRS-induced depression-like behaviors. In addition, systemic administration of PTEN inhibitor was also able to prevent these behaviors. Cellular examination showed that Pten over-expression or the CRS treatment resulted in PFC neuron atrophy, and this atrophy was blocked by genetic inactivation of Pten or systemic administration of PTEN inhibitor. Furthermore, possible causal link between Pten and glucocorticoids was examined. In chronic dexamethasone (Dex, a glucocorticoid agonist) treatment-induced depression model, increased PTEN levels were observed, and depression-like behaviors and PFC neuron atrophy were attenuated by the administration of PTEN inhibitor. Our results indicate that PTEN serves as a key mediator in chronic stress-induced neuron atrophy as well as depression-like behaviors, providing molecular evidence supporting the synaptic plasticity theory of depression.
Trajectory modeling of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition reveals galectin-3 as a mediator in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Jia Wangyue , Wang Zhaoyan , Gao Ceshu , Wu Jian , Wu Qiong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important source of fibrotic cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, how endothelial cells (ECs) are activated and how EndMT impact IPF remain largely elusive. Here, we use unsupervised pseudotemporal analysis to recognize the heterogeneity of ECs and reconstruct EndMT trajectory of bleomycin (BLM)-treated Tie2creER/+;Rosa26tdTomato/+ IPF mice. Genes like C3ar1 and Lgals3 (protein name galectin-3) are highly correlated with the transitional pseudotime, whose expression is gradually upregulated during the fate switch of ECs from quiescence to activation in fibrosis. Inhibition of galectin-3 via siRNA or protein antagonists in mice could alleviate the pathogenesis of IPF and the transition of ECs. With the stimulation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) by recombinant proteins and/or siRNAs for galectin-3 in vitro, β-catenin/GSK3β signaling and its upstream regulator AKT are perturbed, which indicates they mediate the EndMT progress. These results suggest that EndMT is essential to IPF process and provide potential therapeutic targets for vascular remodeling.