bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Rydberg blockade of giant excitons in Cuprous Oxide
Authors: Heckötter Julian , Walther Valentin , Scheel Stefan , Bayer Manfred , Pohl Thomas , Aßmann Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability to generate and control strong long-range interactions via highly excited electronic states has been the foundation for recent breakthroughs in a host of areas, from atomic and molecular physics to quantum optics and technology. Rydberg excitons provide a promising solid-state realization of such highly excited states, for which record-breaking orbital sizes of up to a micrometer have indeed been observed in cuprous oxide semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate the generation and control of strong exciton interactions in this material by optically producing two distinct quantum states of Rydberg excitons. This is made possible by two-color pump-probe experiments that allow for a detailed probing of the interactions. Our experiments reveal the emergence of strong spatial correlations and an inter-state Rydberg blockade that extends over remarkably large distances of several micrometers. The generated many-body states of semiconductor excitons exhibit universal properties that only depend on the shape of the interaction potential and yield clear evidence for its vastly extended-range and power-law character.
Database of ab initio L-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure
Authors: Chen Yiming , Chen Chi , Zheng Chen , Dwaraknath Shyam , Horton Matthew K. , Cabana Jordi , Rehr John , Vinson John , Dozier Alan , Kas Joshua J. , Persson Kristin A. , Ong Shyue Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe L-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) is widely used in the characterization of transition metal compounds. Here, we report the development of a database of computed L-edge XANES using the multiple scattering theory-based FEFF9 code. The initial release of the database contains more than 140,000 L-edge spectra for more than 22,000 structures generated using a high-throughput computational workflow. The data is disseminated through the Materials Project and addresses a critical need for L-edge XANES spectra among the research community.
Effects of stereopsis on vection, presence and cybersickness in head-mounted display (HMD) virtual reality
Authors: Luu Wilson , Zangerl Barbara , Kalloniatis Michael , Kim Juno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStereopsis provides critical information for the spatial visual perception of object form and motion. We used virtual reality as a tool to understand the role of global stereopsis in the visual perception of self-motion and spatial presence using virtual environments experienced through head-mounted displays (HMDs). Participants viewed radially expanding optic flow simulating different speeds of self-motion in depth, which generated the illusion of self-motion in depth (i.e., linear vection). Displays were viewed with the head either stationary (passive radial flow) or laterally swaying to the beat of a metronome (active conditions). Multisensory conflict was imposed in active conditions by presenting displays that either: (i) compensated for head movement (active compensation condition), or (ii) presented pure radial flow with no compensation during head movement (active no compensation condition). In Experiment 1, impairing stereopsis by anisometropic suppression in healthy participants generated declines in reported vection strength, spatial presence and severity of cybersickness. In Experiment 2, vection and presence ratings were compared between participants with and without clinically-defined global stereopsis. Participants without global stereopsis generated impaired vection and presence similarly to those found in Experiment 1 by subjects with induced stereopsis impairment. We find that reducing global stereopsis can have benefits of reducing cybersickness, but has adverse effects on aspects of self-motion perception in HMD VR.
Global climatology and trends in convective environments from ERA5 and rawinsonde data
Authors: Taszarek Mateusz , Allen John T. , Marchio Mattia , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlobally, thunderstorms are responsible for a significant fraction of rainfall, and in the mid-latitudes often produce extreme weather, including large hail, tornadoes and damaging winds. Despite this importance, how the global frequency of thunderstorms and their accompanying hazards has changed over the past 4 decades remains unclear. Large-scale diagnostics applied to global climate models have suggested that the frequency of thunderstorms and their intensity is likely to increase in the future. Here, we show that according to ERA5 convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective precipitation (CP) have decreased over the tropics and subtropics with simultaneous increases in 0–6 km wind shear (BS06). Conversely, rawinsonde observations paint a different picture across the mid-latitudes with increasing CAPE and significant decreases to BS06. Differing trends and disagreement between ERA5 and rawinsondes observed over some regions suggest that results should be interpreted with caution, especially for CAPE and CP across tropics where uncertainty is the highest and reliable long-term rawinsonde observations are missing.
Prospects challenges and stability of 2D MXenes for clean energy conversion and storage applications
Authors: Bhat Anha , Anwer Shoaib , Bhat Kiesar Sideeq , Mohideen M. Infas H. , Liao Kin , Qurashi Ahsanulhaq 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional materials have gained immense attention for technological applications owing to their characteristic properties. MXene is one of the fast-growing family of 2D materials that exhibits remarkable physiochemical properties that cater numerous applications in the field of energy and storage. This review comprises the significant advancement in the field of 2D MXene and discusses the evolution of the design, synthetic strategies, and stability. In addition to illuminating the state-of-the-art applications, we discuss the challenges and limitations that preclude the scientific fraternity from realizing functional MXene with controlled structures and properties for renewable clean energy conversion and storage applications.
AGO2 localizes to cytokinetic protrusions in a p38-dependent manner and is needed for accurate cell division
Authors: Pantazopoulou Vasiliki I. , Delis Anastasios D. , Georgiou Stella , Pagakis Stamatis N. , Filippa Vicky , Dragona Eleni , Kloukina Ismini , Chatzitheodoridis Elias , Trebicka Jonel , Velentzas Athanassios D. , Thiele Maja , Gagos Sarantis , Thanos Dimitris , Tseleni-Balafouta Sofia , Stravopodis Dimitrios J. , Anastasiadou Ema 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArgonaute 2 (AGO2) is an indispensable component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, operating at the translational or posttranscriptional level. It is compartmentalized into structures such as GW- and P-bodies, stress granules and adherens junctions as well as the midbody. Here we show using immunofluorescence, image and bioinformatic analysis and cytogenetics that AGO2 also resides in membrane protrusions such as open- and close-ended tubes. The latter are cytokinetic bridges where AGO2 colocalizes at the midbody arms with cytoskeletal components such as α-Τubulin and Aurora B, and various kinases. AGO2, phosphorylated on serine 387, is located together with Dicer at the midbody ring in a manner dependent on p38 MAPK activity. We further show that AGO2 is stress sensitive and important to ensure the proper chromosome segregation and cytokinetic fidelity. We suggest that AGO2 is part of a regulatory mechanism triggered by cytokinetic stress to generate the appropriate micro-environment for local transcript homeostasis.
LPMO-oxidized cellulose oligosaccharides evoke immunity in Arabidopsis conferring resistance towards necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea
Authors: Zarattini Marco , Corso Massimiliano , Kadowaki Marco Antonio , Monclaro Antonielle , Magri Silvia , Milanese Irma , Jolivet Sylvie , de Godoy Mariana Ortiz , Hermans Christian , Fagard Mathilde , Cannella David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs) are powerful redox enzymes able to oxidatively cleave recalcitrant polysaccharides. Widely conserved across biological kingdoms, LPMOs of the AA9 family are deployed by phytopathogens to deconstruct cellulose polymers. In response, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense cell wall damage and thus self-triggering Damage Triggered Immunity responses. Here, we show that Arabidopsis plants exposed to LPMO products triggered the innate immunity ultimately leading to increased resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. We demonstrated that plants undergo a deep transcriptional reprogramming upon elicitation with AA9 derived cellulose- or cello-oligosaccharides (AA9_COS). To decipher the specific effects of native and oxidized LPMO-generated AA9_COS, a pairwise comparison with cellobiose, the smallest non-oxidized unit constituting cellulose, is presented. Moreover, we identified two leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, namely STRESS INDUCED FACTOR 2 and 4, playing a crucial role in signaling the AA9_COS-dependent responses such as camalexin production. Furthermore, increased levels of ethylene, jasmonic and salicylic acid hormones, along with deposition of callose in the cell wall was observed. Collectively, our data reveal that LPMOs might play a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions.
Structural basis of coronavirus E protein interactions with human PALS1 PDZ domain
Authors: Javorsky Airah , Humbert Patrick O. , Kvansakul Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with severe and life-threatening pneumonia and respiratory failure. However, the molecular basis of these symptoms remains unclear. SARS-CoV-1 E protein interferes with control of cell polarity and cell-cell junction integrity in human epithelial cells by binding to the PALS1 PDZ domain, a key component of the Crumbs polarity complex. We show that C-terminal PDZ binding motifs of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 E proteins bind the PALS1 PDZ domain with 29.6 and 22.8 μM affinity, whereas the related sequence from MERS-CoV did not bind. We then determined crystal structures of PALS1 PDZ domain bound to both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 E protein PDZ binding motifs. Our findings establish the structural basis for SARS-CoV-1/2 mediated subversion of Crumbs polarity signalling and serve as a platform for the development of small molecule inhibitors to suppress SARS-CoV-1/2 mediated disruption of polarity signalling in epithelial cells.
Plasma methionine metabolic profile is associated with longevity in mammals
Authors: Mota-Martorell N. , Jové M. , Berdún R. , Pamplona R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMethionine metabolism arises as a key target to elucidate the molecular adaptations underlying animal longevity due to the negative association between longevity and methionine content. The present study follows a comparative approach to analyse plasma methionine metabolic profile using a LC-MS/MS platform from 11 mammalian species with a longevity ranging from 3.5 to 120 years. Our findings demonstrate the existence of a species-specific plasma profile for methionine metabolism associated with longevity characterised by: i) reduced methionine, cystathionine and choline; ii) increased non-polar amino acids; iii) reduced succinate and malate; and iv) increased carnitine. Our results support the existence of plasma longevity features that might respond to an optimised energetic metabolism and intracellular structures found in long-lived species.
Sulfonated tryptanthrin anolyte increases performance in pH neutral aqueous redox flow batteries
Authors: Pinheiro Daniela , Pineiro Marta , de Melo J. Sérgio Seixas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) hold great promise as low-cost, environmentally friendly and safe alternative energy storage media. Here we present aqueous organometallic and all-organic active materials for RFBs with a water-soluble active material, sulfonated tryptanthrin (TRYP-SO3H), working at a neutral pH and showing long-term stability. Electrochemical measurements show that TRYP-SO3H displays reversible peaks at neutral pH values, allowing its use as an anolyte combined with potassium ferrocyanide or 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium salt monohydrate as catholytes. Single cell tests show reproducible charge-discharge cycles for both catholytes, with significantly improved results for the aqueous all-organic RFB reaching high cell voltage (0.94 V) and high energy efficiencies, stabilized during at least 50 working cycles.
How choosing random-walk model and network representation matters for flow-based community detection in hypergraphs
Authors: Eriksson Anton , Edler Daniel , Rojas Alexis , de Domenico Manlio , Rosvall Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHypergraphs offer an explicit formalism to describe multibody interactions in complex systems. To connect dynamics and function in systems with these higher-order interactions, network scientists have generalised random-walk models to hypergraphs and studied the multibody effects on flow-based centrality measures. Mapping the large-scale structure of those flows requires effective community detection methods applied to cogent network representations. For different hypergraph data and research questions, which combination of random-walk model and network representation is best? We define unipartite, bipartite, and multilayer network representations of hypergraph flows and explore how they and the underlying random-walk model change the number, size, depth, and overlap of identified multilevel communities. These results help researchers choose the appropriate modelling approach when mapping flows on hypergraphs.
Physical and chemical imaging of adhesive interfaces with soft X-rays
Authors: Yamane Hiroyuki , Oura Masaki , Takahashi Osamu , Ishihara Tomoko , Yamazaki Noriko , Hasegawa Koichi , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Takagi Kiyoka , Hatsui Takaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdhesion is an interfacial phenomenon that is critical for assembling carbon structural composites for next-generation aircraft and automobiles. However, there is limited understanding of adhesion on the molecular level because of the difficulty in revealing the individual bonding factors. Here, using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy we show the physical and chemical states of an adhesive interface composed of a thermosetting polymer of 4,4’-diaminodiphenylsulfone-cured bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adhered to a thermoplastic polymer of plasma-treated polyetheretherketone. We observe multiscale phenomena in the adhesion mechanisms, including sub-mm complex interface structure, sub-μm distribution of the functional groups, and molecular-level covalent-bond formation. These results provide a benchmark for further research to examine how physical and chemical states correlate with adhesion, and demonstrate that soft X-ray imaging is a promising approach for visualizing the physical and chemical states at adhesive interfaces from the sub-mm level to the molecular level.
Improving reasoning with contrastive visual information for visual question answering
Authors: Long Yu , Tang Pengjie , Wang Hanli , Yu Jian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVisual Question Answering (VQA) aims to output a correct answer based on cross‐modality inputs including question and visual content. In general pipeline, information reasoning plays the key role for a reasonable answer. However, visual information is commonly not fully employed in many popular models nowadays. Facing this challenge, a new strategy is proposed in this work to make the best of visual information during reasoning. In detail, visual information is divided into two subsets: (1) question‐relevant visual set, and (2) question‐irrelevant visual set. Then, both of these two sets are employed by reasoning to generate reasonable outputs. Experiments are conducted on the benchmark VQAv2 dataset, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The project page can be found in https://mic.tongji.edu.cn/e6/8d/c9778a190093/page.htm.
Oil‐paper insulation partial discharge ultrasonic multifrequency sensing array based on fibre‐optic Fabry–Perot sensor
Authors: Zhang Zhixian , Lei Jiali , Chen Weigen , Yang Tianhe , Song Yuxuan , Wu Kejie , Liu Fan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of oil‐paper insulation partial discharge detection by the fibre‐optic Fabry–Perot (FP) ultrasonic sensor, this work studied the ultrasonic signal’s frequency characteristics of typical oil‐paper insulation partial discharges and the vibration characteristics of the FP sensor’s diaphragm in the liquid environment. Based on the works above, a multifrequency FP sensor array is proposed, consisting of several FP sensors with different resonant frequencies to detect partial discharges. The experimental results show that the liquid environment has a significant effect on the vibration characteristics of the FP sensor’s diaphragm, and the sensitivity and accuracy of partial discharge detection can be improved based on the multifrequency FP sensing array, which can also be applied in the pattern recognition and localisation of partial discharges.
Effects of ambipolar diffusion on waves in the solar chromosphere
Authors: Popescu Braileanu B. , Keppens R. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The chromosphere is a partially ionized layer of the solar atmosphere that mediates the transition between the photosphere where the gas motion is determined by the gas pressure and the corona dominated by the magnetic field.
Aims. We study the effect of partial ionization for 2D wave propagation in a gravitationally stratified, magnetized atmosphere characterized by properties that are similar to those of the solar chromosphere.
Methods. We adopted an oblique uniform magnetic field in the plane of propagation with a strength that is suitable for a quiet sun region. The theoretical model we used is a single fluid magnetohydrodynamic approximation, where ion-neutral interaction is modeled by the ambipolar diffusion term. Magnetic energy can be converted into internal energy through the dissipation of the electric current produced by the drift between ions and neutrals. We used numerical simulations in which we continuously drove fast waves at the bottom of the atmosphere. The collisional coupling between ions and neutrals decreases with the decrease in the density and the ambipolar effect thus becomes important.
Results. Fast waves excited at the base of the atmosphere reach the equipartition layer and are reflected or transmitted as slow waves. While the waves propagate through the atmosphere and the density drops, the waves steepen into shocks.
Conclusions. The main effect of ambipolar diffusion is damping of the waves. We find that for the parameters chosen in this work, the ambipolar diffusion affects the fast wave before it is reflected, with damping being more pronounced for waves which are launched in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. Slow waves are less affected by ambipolar effects. The damping increases for shorter periods and greater magnetic field strengths. Small scales produced by the nonlinear effects and the superposition of different types of waves created at the equipartition height are efficiently damped by ambipolar diffusion.
Predictive Value of Rotterdam Score and Marshall Score in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Mishra Rakesh , Ucros Harold Enrique Vasquez , Florez-Perdomo William Andres , Suarez José Rojas , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Agrawal Amit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article conducts a contemporary comparative review of the medical literature to update and establish evidence as to which framework among Rotterdam and Marshall computed tomography (CT)-based scoring systems predicts traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes better. The scheme followed was following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for literature search. The search started on August 15, 2020 and ended on December 31, 2020. The combination terms used were Medical Subject Headings terms, combination keywords, and specific words used for describing various pathologies of TBI to identify the most relevant article in each database. PICO question to guide the search strategy was: “what is the use of Marshall (I) versus Rotterdam score (C) in TBI patients (P) for mortality risk stratification (O).” The review is based on 46 references which included a full review of 14 articles for adult TBI patients and 6 articles for pediatric TBI articles comparing Rotterdam and Marshall CT scores. The review includes 8,243 patients, of which 2,365 were pediatric and 5,878 were adult TBI patients. Marshall CT classification is not ordinal, is more descriptive, has better inter-rater reliability, and poor performance in a specific group of TBI patients requiring decompressive craniectomy. Rotterdam CT classification is ordinal, has better discriminatory power, and a better description of the dynamics of intracranial changes. The two scoring systems are complimentary. A combination of clinical parameters, severity, ischemic and hemodynamic parameters, and CT scoring system could predict the prognosis of TBI patients with significant accuracy. None of the classifications has good evidence for use in pediatric patients.
Use of a Transarticular Calcaneo-Tibial Locking Plate for Temporary Immobilization of the Tarsocrural Joint following Surgical Repair of Common Calcaneal Tendon Rupture in Eight Dogs
Authors: Boero Baroncelli Alessandro , Ferrero Francesca Chiara , Omodeo Luca , Sarotti Mattia , Verdonck Bart , Peirone Bruno , Piras Lisa Adele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this clinical communication is to report the management of common calcaneal tendon rupture in dogs using a transarticular calcaneo-tibial locking plate as a method of temporary immobilization of the tarsocrural joint to support primary repair of the common calcaneal tendon.
Study Design Dogs presented with partial or complete common calcaneal tendon rupture treated with primary tendon repair supported by the transarticular calcaneo-tibial locking plate technique from July 2016 to December 2019 were included. The tarsus was placed at a standing angle of 150 degrees and the pre-contoured Fixin locking ‘L’ or ‘T’ plate was medially applied with two locking screws inserted in the calcaneus and two screws inserted in the distal tibia. Tendon healing judgement was mostly based on clinical palpation and ultrasound examination was not performed in all the cases. Plates were removed in all dogs 6 weeks postoperatively.
Results All tendons healed and no complications at the level of the tenorrhaphy were noted in the postoperative period. All dogs returned to hunting activity with full function of the affected limb. No major complications requiring revision surgery were observed. Minor complications occurred in two cases; osteomyelitis and screw pull-out.
Conclusion The use of a transarticular calcaneo-tibial locking plate for temporary immobilization of the tarsocrural joint after surgical repair of common calcaneal tendon rupture appears to be an effective technique with comparable results to other reported techniques.