bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising Inequality and Spatial Social Segregation due to Urbanization and Increasing Housing Prices
Authors: Eisen Maximilian , Poddig Micha , Seebass Johann V. , Hackelberg Florian , Wacker Benjamin , Schlueter Jan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Globally, housing markets in urban areas have seen significant increase in prices over the past years. These developments are of relevance for the local population as well as social processes that underline the urban cohabitation. Increasing income inequality can impede social mobility, economic opportunities and lead to rising social segregation. While the effect of rising housing prices and social segregation are commonly subject of interest, the effect of capital income on inequality through the channel of housing prices is less investigated in current research. This paper provides empirical evidence from Sweden that urbanization through the channel of housing markets leads to segregation and inequality. Urbanization causes housing prices to rise disproportionately to income. Consequently, segregation of social strata takes place as well as an overall rise in capital income for those high-income urban residents. Therefore, increasing housing prices extend the inequality in wealth and capital income. The capital income distribution trend in turn leads to rising inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient. The presented analysis indicates that increasing housing prices may potentially have adverse effects on social equity, even in highly developed welfare state like Sweden.
Combined Goniothalamin And Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glass 45S5 Enhances Growth Inhibitory Activity Via Apoptosis Induction And Cell Cycle Arrest In Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7
Authors: Bakar Siti Aishah Abu , Ali Abdul Manaf , Noor Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd. , Hamid Shahrul Bariyah Sahul , Azhar Nur Asna , Mohamad Noor Muzamil , Ahmad Nor Hazwani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Combination of natural product with chemically synthesised biomaterials as cancer therapy creates many interests lately. Hence, this study aims to investigate the combined effects of goniothalamin and bioactive glass 45S5 (GTN-BG) and evaluate their anticancer properties on human breast cancer cells MCF-7.Methods: The BG 45S5 was prepared using sol-gel process followed by characterisation using PSA, BET, SEM/EDS, XRD and FTIR. The effects of GTN-BG on the proliferation of MCF-7 were assessed by MTT, presto-blue and scratch wound assay. The cell cycle analysis, annexin-FITC assay and activation of caspase 3/7, 8 and 9 assays were determined to further explore its mechanism of action.Results: The synthesised BG 45S5 was classified as a fine powder, having rough surface, and contains mesopores of 12.6 nm. EDS analysis revealed that silica and calcium elements are the primary components of BG powders. Both crystalline and amorphous structures were detected with 73% and 27% similarity to that of Na2Ca2(Si2O7) and hydroxyapatite, respectively. The combination of GTN-BG was more potent than GTN in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. G0/G1 and G2/M phases of cell cycle were arrested by GTN and GTN-BG. The percentage of viable cells in GTN-BG treatment was significantly lower than GTN. In terms of activation of initiator caspases for both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were found more effective in response to GTN-BG than GTN.Conclusion: The anticancer effects of GTN in MCF-7 cells was improved when combined with BG. The findings provide significant insight into the mechanism of GTN-BG against the MCF-7 cells, which can potentially be used as a novel anticancer therapeutic approach.
What Makes a Woman? Case Studies Documenting The Reasons for and Circumstances of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Indonesia, Ethiopia and Kenya
Authors: Kakal Tasneem , Hidayana Irwan , Abeje Berhanu , Gitau Tabither , Kok Maryse , Kwaak Anke van der 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background: Female genital cutting/mutilation is a harmful traditional practice that violates women’s rights and has adverse health consequences. This paper presents the reasons for and circumstances of female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C) in specific settings of three countries – Indonesia, Ethiopia and Kenya.Methods: Data were collected through a household survey with young people (15-24 years) and through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews with youth and community stakeholders in 2016 and 2017. Descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis were conducted.Results: The study findings confirm some of the reasons for FGM/C documented by previous studies, noting that these reasons are strongly interconnected, and gender norms are the underlying driver. In all three settings, these reasons drive the alterations of female bodies to result in a ‘cultured’ body that is acceptable to the patriarchal status quo. This results in the ‘pure body’ in Indonesia, the ‘tame’ body in Ethiopia and the ‘adult body’ in Kenya. Health workers and parents play an important role in decision-making around FGM/C in all settings. In Kenya, in particular, young women negotiate their role in decision-making around FGM/C as they are older at the time of circumcision. The study reveals how the changing legal and social contexts in each setting bring about changes in the tradition of FGM/C resulting in medicalization of FGM/C in Indonesia, a lowered age of cutting for girls in Kenya and the increasingly underground practice of FGM/C in Ethiopia.Conclusions: The three cases demonstrate the huge variation in the practice of FGM/C and the social meaning attributed to it by young women and their communities. There is a need to further explore the role of parents in decision-making. Due to the links between the different drivers of FGM/C within each context, the study concludes that context-specific strategies need to be adopted by interventions to create long-lasting change.
Male Triple Negative Axillary Accessory Breast Cancer, a Case Report
Authors: li Chao , Qian Biao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. In men, cases of breast cancer are few and accounts for less than 1% of all cases of breast cancer. Majority of male breast cancer is hormone receptor-positive. The incidence of male axillary accessory breast cancer derived from axillary accessory breast is very low. Here we report a case of male triple negative axillary accessory breast cancer.Case presentation: We present a case of a male triple negative axillary accessory breast cancer in a 67-year-old man that progressively increased in size through a period of 1 year. We performed right accessory breast resection and right axillary lymph nodes dissection. Postoperative pathological analysis revealed right accessory breast invasive ductal carcinoma with apocrine metaplasia. The tumor size was 3.5 * 3.3cm. In addition, 5 metastatic lymph nodes were seen in 27 axillary lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry showed ER (-), PR (-), Ki-67 30%, HER2 (2 +), GATA-3 (+), GCDFP-15(+), and AR (+). Fish test obtained a negative result. The patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Conclusion: Male triple negative axillary accessory breast cancer is rare. Treatment of male triple negative axillary accessory breast cancer is similar to that of women patients. Most patients undergo surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.
A five-year (2016-2020) trend analysis of malaria surveillance data in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.
Authors: Olani Zalalem , Solomon Samrawit , Kaba Zalalem , Bikila Haile 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:-Continues malaria surveillance data analysis plays a significant role in monitoring trends over time and evaluating the effectiveness of malaria prevention and control programs. Hence, this study was part of such an effort to achieve this goal. The main aim of this study was to analyses a five years (2016-2020) malaria surveillance data in Oromia region, Ethiopia.Methods:-a descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to analyse the five years (2016-2020) trends of malaria cases in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.Results:-A total of 5,843,373malaria suspected cases were reported during the five-year period. Among the total reported cases 727,738 were a total of both clinical and parasitological confirmed cases. An average total malaria annual parasite incidence (API) was 4 per 1,000 person. The highest malaria cases were observed during spring and summer seasons.Conclusions and recommendation:-Trends of total clinical and confirmed malaria cases were decreased from year to year except for the recent one year with an exceptional variability in 2019.The highest or peak of malaria cases was observed during the spring season (September-November). Malaria indicator based performance plans and achievements should be regularly and strictly reviewed and evaluated at each level.
The Development and Validation of a Novel 71-Gene Signature for Risk Stratification and Prognosis in Lower Grade Glioma
Authors: He Jianxiong , Li Pinggen , Wang Xianggan , Chen Feijun , Wu Weijun , Wang Nanfei , Li Zhengyang , Hu Yuan , Zhang Xiaojun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Lower-grade gliomas (LGG) are a diverse group of primary brain tumors with relatively poor overall survival in young adults. In this study, we aimed to establish novel method that are effectively predictive of prognosis of LGG patients. Methods: We detected and validated prognosis-associated genes using gene expression and c`Clinical data of LGG patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. We then established a novel prognostic 71-gene score and 17-gene nomograms and analyzed their relationship with overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in LGG patients. We also performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to investigate the altered signalling pathways associated with the 71-gene score phenotype and hierarchical clustering analysis of 71 genes to detect subgroups of LGG patients with distinct clinical characteristics. Results: We identified 1489 genes significantly correlated with patients’ prognosis in LGG. The 71-gene score was predictive of favourable OS and RFS in LGG patients independently of clinicopathological characteristics. The wnt signalling pathway, glutathione metabolism, primary immunodeficiency, galactose metabolism were the potential pathways involved in the prognostication of the 71-gene score. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the 71 genes revealed three subgroups of LGG patients in the TCGA dataset. The cluster2 LGG tumours were associated with higher grade, more frequent radiation therapy, poorer OS and RFS than cluster1 and cluster3 tumours. The 71-gene nomogram incorporating the survival‐related clinical factors showed good prediction accuracies for overall survival, 3-year and 5‐year survival (area under curve [AUC] = 0.79, 0.67 and 0.75 respectively). Conclusions: The 71-gene nomogram may turn out to be a useful and robust method to remarkably ameliorate the prognostic prediction in LGG.
Sustainable Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Oxide-Clay Nanocomposite Toward Persistent Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degradation in Real Samples
Authors: Chanani Jasem , Buazar Foad , Nikpour Yadollah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study presents the green synthesis of TiO2-clay nanocomposite using an eco-friendly method based on carbohydrates. Glucose and soluble starch function as the bioreductant and stabilizer agent during the reaction, respectively. The UV-vis analysis ascertained the formation of TiO2-clay nanocomposite presenting a distinctive absorption peak at 360 nm and an optical band gap of 4.3 eV. TEM and XRD results indicated the anatase phase of spherical TiO2-clay with a median crystallite size of 18.36 nm. EDX and XRF techniques revealed the presence of titanium, oxygen peaks, and TiO2 compound (58 wt%) along with the elemental composition of clay. The BET values of specific surface area, average pore diameter, and pore volumes are 47.48 m2g− 1, 17.39 nm, 0.19 cm3g− 1, respectively. The benign TiO2-clay nanocomposite demonstrated superior photocatalytic efficiency toward photodegradation of poly polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant in industrial wastewater with a removal rate of 98.32%, greater than untreated TiO2 NPs.
Investigation of robustness of hybrid artificial neural network with artificial bee colony and firefly algorithm in predicting COVID-19 new cases: case study of Iran
Authors: Shaibani Mohammad Javad , Emamgholipour Sara , Moazeni Samira Sadate 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As an ongoing public health menace, the novel coronavirus pandemic has challenged the world. With several mutations and a high transmission rate, the virus is able to infect individuals in an exponential manner. At the same time, Iran is confronted with multiple wave peaks and the health care system is facing a major challenge. In consequence, developing a robust forecasting methodology can assist health authorities for effective planning. In that regard, with the help of Artificial Neural Network-Artificial Bee Colony (ANN-ABC) and Artificial Neural Network- Firefly Algorithm (ANN-FA) as two robust hybrid artificial intelligence-based models, the current study intends to select the optimal model with the maximum accuracy rate. To do so, first a sample of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Iran ranging from 19 February 2020 to 25 July 2021 is compiled. 75% (25%) of total observation is randomly allocated as training (testing) data. Afterwards, an ANN models is trained with Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. Accordingly, based on R-squared and root-mean-square error criteria, the optimal number of hidden neurons is computed as 17. The proposed ANN model is employed to develop ANN-ABC and ANN-FA models for achieving the maximum accuracy rate. According to ANN-ABC, the R- squared values of the optimal model are 0.9884 and 0.9885 at train and test stages, correspondingly. In respect to ANN-FA, for the selected model, the R-squared ranged from 0.9954 to 0.9940 at the train and test phases, respectively. The results indicated that both hybrid ANN-ABC and ANN-FA are the robust predictor of COVID-19 new cases in Iran. Additionally, with a slight difference, the ANN-FA model outperformed ANN-ABC algorithm.
Research on the profile modification of power skiving tool for internal gears
Authors: ZHENGYANG Han , CHUANG Jiang , Xiaozhong Deng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Power skiving provides an effective solution and considerable machining efficiency for the machining of internal gears. The tool profile design and the reusability after resharpening is critical in gear machining. In this paper, a tool profile correction method based on the error inverse complement of involute profile is proposed. The mathematical model of involute cutter with rake angle and relief angle is established, and the profile error relative to the target gear is calculated by using the tool of this mathematical model. The distribution of gear profile error is fitted by fifth-order multinomial, and the multinomial function of fitting was attached to the cutter profile. The theoretical error of the target gear profile is in 10e-7mm order of magnitude through the calculation of fewer iterations. The distribution of the coefficient of the error multinomial along the resharpening direction is obtained by linear programming. The result shows that the tool designed by this method has almost negligible error accuracy and good repeatability.
Identification of Risk and Prognostic Factors for Transverse Myelitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Wang Minhui , Wang Ziqian , Zhang Li , Zhao Jiuliang , Wu Di , Li Jing , Wang Qian , Su Jinmei , Xu Dong , Zhang Shangzhu , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Our aim in this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with transverse myelitis (TM) as a rare phenotype of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify the risk and prognostic factors for SLE-related TM.Methods: The analysis was based on 58 patients with SLE-related TM admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1993 and May 2021.The control group included 101 patients, randomly selected from our SLE patient group, without TM, using propensity score matching for age at SLE diagnosis, sex, and SLE disease course. Conditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to identify risk and prognostic factors for SLE-related TM. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that anti-SSA(p<0.001) and anti-RNP positivity (p=0.005) were independent risk factors for SLE-related TM. With regard to prognosis, an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade of A or B at the early stage of TM (p<0.001) and hypoglycorrhachia (p=0.016) were independent risk factors for unfavourable neurological outcomes. In regard to neurological recovery at 3 months, an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade of A, B, or C at the early stage of TM was the only prognostic factor for SLE-related TM (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.91; p=0.035). Conclusions: Anti-SSA and anti-RNP positivity were independent risk factors for TM in patients with SLE. Initial severe myelitis and hypolycorrhachia are predictive of a poor prognosis. Glucocorticoid pulse therapy provided within 2 weeks of TM onset may improve TM prognosis. Understanding the risk and prognostic factors of TM is important as permanent neurological disability persists in a significant proportion of patients with SLE-related TM.
Health Resource Allocation in Western China from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Wang Zheng , He Haoyu , Liu Xi , Feng Qiming , Wei Bo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Health equity has persistently been a global concern. As a basic material guarantee to ensure health equity, how to allocate the health resources in a fair and reasonable way has always been one of the research hotspots. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has also prompted a rethinking of the topic. Based on the previous research, western China is a relatively backward region, coupled with climate, geography, and other factors, which leading the inconvenient transportation and difficult resource allocation. However, the fairness of health resource allocation in western China has received relatively little attention. Methods: Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to analyse the health resources allocation in the western China. The indexes include number of beds, medical (assistant) practitioners, registered nurses from 2014 to 2018 through population and geography dimensions. Results: The total health resources shows an increasing trend from 2014 to 2018; The Lorentz curve in the population dimension had a smaller curvature than in the geography dimension. The Gini coefficients for health resources in the population dimension were ranged from 0.057 to 0.129, and in geography dimension the Gini coefficients ranged between 0.605 and 0.647. This shows that the distribution of Health resources is fair basing on population dimension. Furthermore, in two dimensions, the intra-group contribution rate of the Theil index was higher than in the inter-group, and the allocation of practicing (assistant) practitioners and registered nurses show a significant inequity in intra-group. This result indicated that the inequity of health resources allocation were mainly came from intra-group, namely the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in western China.Conclusions: In recent years, China’s various measures have improved the total amount of health resources and its equity of health resources in western China. However, the fairness of the health resources allocation in western China were remind poor. Although the fairness of human resources allocation has been alleviated in population dimension, the inequity of human resources distribution in provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are still obvious. In addition, the accessibility of health resources in western China must be further improved.
Maresin 1 Attenuates Ventilator-induced Lung Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress through the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Pathways
Authors: Wang Fuquan , Pan Guangtao , Wang Jingxu , Xia Haifa , Yao Shanglong , Zhang Dingyu , Chen Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mechanical ventilation could support the lives of patients with respiratory failure in a variety of ways, including maintaining airway patency and improving oxygenation, etc. However, mechanical ventilation itself could lead to lung damage, which is called mechanical ventilation-related lung injury (VILI). The incidence of VILI is high and the prognosis is poor, so clarifying the mechanism of VILI and seeking effective preventive and therapeutic measures are the urgent medical problem to be resolved. By constructing the VILI model, we studied the effect of Maresin1 on VILI and explored its possible mechanism at the animal level. We tested the related indicators of lung injury, the oxidative stress response, and the inflammatory response. The results indicated that Maresin1 could inhibit the oxidative stress response and excessive inflammation, thus ameliorating lung injury in VILI. We also detected the expression levels of the principal oxidative stress pathway Nrf2 / HO-1 and the key inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. We used the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP to further confirm our conclusion. Our results suggested for the first time that Maresin1 could promote the activation of the Nrf2 / HO-1 pathway and significantly suppress the expression of NF-κB to exert a positive role in VILI.
Interstitial Lung Disease and Partial Resection Are Poor Prognostic Factors for pStage IA NSCLC: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Motono Nozomu , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Yamagata Aika , Iijima Yoshihito , Uramoto Hidetaka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The prognostic factors in patients who underwent pulmonary resection with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been elucidated.Materials and methods: Clinical data of 540 patients with pathological stage IA NSCLC were analyzed. Patient factors such as sex, age, comorbidities, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), smoking history, and operative aspects such as operative approach and operative procedures were collected and analyzed.Results: There were significant prognostic differences according to the interstitial lung disease (p<0.0001), CEA (p = 0.007), and partial resection (p = 0.002) in the relapse-free survival (RFS). There were significant prognostic differences according to the interstitial lung disease (p = 0.0015), CEA (p < 0.0001), and smoking history (p = 0.0003) in the overall survival (OS). Interstitial lung disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.725, p = 0.003), CEA (HR: 1.923, p = 0.045), and operative procedure (HR: 2.086, p = 0.025) were risk factors for RFS in a multivariate analysis. Smoking history (HR: 2.539, p = 0.002) and CEA (HR: 2.464, p = 0.002) were risk factors for OS in a multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Interstitial lung disease, CEA, and operative procedure were risk factors for RFS, while smoking history and CEA were risk factors for OS.