bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory study of factors associated with the healthfulness of parental responses to in‐store child food purchasing requests
Authors: Calloway Eric , Ranjit Nalini , Roberts‐Gray Cindy , Sweitzer Sara , McInnis Katie , Romo‐Palafox Maria Jose , Briley Margaret 
Published: June 2021

The degree of influence in‐store child food purchasing requests have on family shopping depends on how parents respond to these requests. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between parents' BMI, diet, and food‐shopping related attitudes, intentions, and behaviors with the healthfulness of parent responses to their child's in‐store food purchasing requests.Parent‐child dyads were observed shopping at their usual grocery store and shopping time. In‐store data were collected using small child‐worn audio/visual recording devices attached to a hat. Parents also completed a questionnaire.Parents responded in a healthful way 62.9% (±26.7%; median = 62.5%, 0.0% to 100%) of the time. In univariate analysis, parents in low‐ and middle‐income families (<370% of the federal poverty level) were more likely to have a high percentage of healthy responses, compared to those in high‐income families (P=0.010). In the adjusted model, healthy weight parents were more likely to make healthy responses than overweight/obese parents (P=0.022).Healthy‐weight parents were more likely than overweight/obese parents to respond in a healthful way. Behavioral interventions that seek to improve the healthfulness of food purchasing in families with young children should focus on addressing response behaviors in overweight/obese parents. Additionally, parent responses differed by family poverty level and child gender. Further research is needed to confirm and expand on these results.
Relationship of Nutritional Risk, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Cognitive Functioning in Preschoolers
Authors: Tande Desiree , Kehn Andre , Whigham Leah , Roemmich James 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the relationships between nutritional risk, BMI, and cognitive function in preschoolers.BackgroundResearch has documented that obesity leads to increased risk of acute and chronic diseases, but research is needed to investigate whether relationships exist between cognitive function, nutritional risk, and BMI z‐scores in preschool‐aged children.Methods: 48 children 3‐5 y, from two preschools completed the study. The NutriSTEP questionnaire and BRIEF‐P (executive function) were utilized. Heights and weights were collected. Children were divided into two groups based on NutriStep scores: low nutritional risk and nutritional risk. Correlations were used to study relationships and t‐tests to compare groups.Results: Eleven of 48 children would benefit from dietary intervention and 17 of 41 preschoolers were overweight or obese. NutriSTEP score predicts global executive functioning and emergent metacognition. Increasing nutritional risk is related to increasing problem behavior. Global executive score and inhibitory self‐control score were greater for children at nutritional risk compared with those at low nutritional risk.ConclusionNutritional risk predicts cognitive functioning in preschoolers. Obesity interventions targeting preschoolers should consider nutritional risk and dietary intervention. Studies of the impact of nutrition intervention on cognitive functioning in preschoolers are warranted.
Growth of Infants Fed Formula with Prebiotics and Probiotics
Authors: Strong Paul , Kirchoff Ashlee , Harris Cheryl , Berseth Carol Lynn 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPre‐ and probiotics beneficially affect the host by improving the survival and establishment of live microbes from dietary sources in the gastrointestinal tract. We have previously demonstrated adequate growth in healthy term infants receiving a routine cow's milk‐based formula supplemented with a prebiotic blend of polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), or the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) added to partially or extensively hydrolyzed formulas.ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to establish that an investigational study formula containing both pre‐ and probiotics provides adequate growth compared to the currently marketed formula.MethodsIn this multi‐center, double blind, controlled, parallel‐group, prospective study, infants received one of two formulas from 14‐120 days of age: marketed, routine infant formula with PDX/GOS (1:1 ratio, 4g/L) (Control, n=171), or a similar, investigational formula supplemented with PDX/GOS and LGG (1x106 CFU/g powder) (LGG, n=177). The primary outcome for this study was growth rate from 14 to 120 days. Growth rates from 14 to 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of age were analyzed by gender using ANOVA.ResultsThere were no differences between groups in infant demographic or anthropometric characteristics at birth and there was no difference in study completion rate. There were no statistical differences detected in the rate of weight gain (g/day) from 14 to 120 days of age for male (Control, 31.3 ± 0.7; LGG, 31.6 ± 0.6) or female (Control, 27.3 ± 0.7; LGG, 25.7 ± 0.7) infants.ConclusionsResults of this study demonstrated that the investigational formula supplemented with PDX and LGG was associated with normal growth when fed to healthy term infants from 14 to 120 days of age.
Infant Weight Gain in Week 1 and Body Mass Index at Age 2: A Prospective Cohort Study in an Urban Population
Authors: Burnham Laura , Merewood Anne , Torjman Marc , Chen Ning , Grossman Xena , Matlak Stephanie , Feldman‐Winter Lori 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveDetermine if change in weight in week 1 of life and feeding type in week 1 and month 1 of life were associated with BMI蠅85th percentile at 2 years.Methods: Newborns enrolled into a prospective cohort study at an urban hospital from 2008‐2012. We recorded all feeds during week 1 of life and assessed feeding at weeks 2, 3, and 4 with 24‐hour recall. We weighed and measured infants at birth, 7 days, and 2 years. At 2 years, we categorized children with BMI˂85th percentile as normal weight, and BMI蠅85th percentile as overweight.Results: There was a significant association between change in weight during week 1 and BMI at 2 years. In the multivariate analysis, infants gaining 蠅100g in week 1 were 2.5 times more likely to be overweight at age 2 compared to those who lost weight (p=.02). We found a significant association between feeding type and change in weight during week 1. Mean change in weight for exclusively breastfed infants was ‐7.7g and 53.57g for infants receiving any formula (p=.01). There was no significant association between feeding type at 1 week or 1 month and BMI at 2 years.ConclusionsWeight gain of 100g or more during week 1 was associated with BMI>85th percentile at age 2. Infants receiving exclusive breast milk in week 1 gained less weight than formula feeders.Funding: National Research Initiative Grant
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Periurban Lima
Authors: Penny Mary , Meza Krysty , Creed‐Kanashiro Hilary , Donovan Jason 
Published: June 2021

Fruits and vegetables are major sources of vitamins, fiber and antioxidants and higher consumption is associated with lower risk of non‐communicable diseases, which are increasing in prevalence in Latin America and other developing regions. We describe the fruit and vegetable consumption of mothers and children (2‐17yr) in a sample of 240 households during the summer in a periurban area of Lima, Peru. We collected frequency of intake for fruits and vegetables for the preceding 1 and 12 months and 24hr recall for quantitative intake of all fruits and vegetables. Fruit and vegetable consumption was variable but low compared with the recommended 400g daily. Only 22% of children and 25% of mothers ate 蠅400g/day. Median consumptions were: children, fruit 159g, vegetable 60g, both 249g/day; mothers, fruit 138g,vegetables 92g, both 271g. Children ate more fruit but less vegetable than their mothers. Both ate more fruit than vegetable and 93.3% of children had eaten fruit yesterday. A wide variety of fruits were eaten, 14 different fruits were eaten by >50% of children in the previous month. Fruits eaten whole were the most common preparation, eaten by 73% of children, median consumption 99g fruit/day/child; fresh fruit juices provided median 127g/day/child but were only consumed by 32 children. Small amounts of vegetables were present in most preparations but salads, eaten by 101 (42.1%) children provided median 55g vegetable/day/child, with 33% 蠅80g. Main courses traditionally including vegetable, for instance pumpkin stew and sautéed vegetables, were the most important sources. Advice to increase fruit and vegetable consumption should take into account local culinary habitsStudy supported by CGIAR global research program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, led by IFPRI
Improving The US Food Environment Through Reformulation: A Comparison Of Two Nutrient Profiling Models
Authors: Masset Gabriel , Vlassopoulos Antonis , Potter Monika , Leroy Fabienne , Vecchio Bianca Maria 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundFew nutrient profiling (NP) models have been specifically developed for reformulation purposes.ObjectiveTo compare how the NNPS and Ofcom NP models, respectively designed for reformulation and regulation purposes, classified foods consumed in the US.MethodsThe across‐the‐board Ofcom and the category‐specific NNPS models were applied to all ice creams, pizzas, soups, and yogurts of the USDA SR27 database. Both models have a dichotomous Yes/No outcome. Classification of foods across categories was assessed using chi2 tests. Agreement between the systems was assessed using the kappa statistic, for all foods and by category.ResultsOverall, and in all categories but pizzas, more foods were classified 'Yes' by the Ofcom than by the NNPS (Table). Contrary to the NNPS (p‐chi2=0.59), the Ofcom classified differently the four categories (p<0.01): all yogurts were classified 'Yes' while most pizzas were 'No'. Across all foods, agreement was relatively low between the two systems; it was higher for ice creams and pizzas.Table: Classification of foods according to the NNPS and Ofcom nutrient profiling systems (USDA SR27 data)

Food category
n
% Yes, NNPS
% Yes, Ofcom
Kappa‐statistic

Ice Creams
43
16
28
0.54

Pizzas
75
23
15
0.30

Soups
282
25
72
0.06

Yogurts
25
28
100
N/A

Total
425
24
59
0.13

ConclusionIn the assessed food categories, the NNPS model was more inclined to promote reformulation than the Ofcom model. Further research is needed to assess other food categories in which manufactured goods are predominant in the food environment. Confirmatory investigations should focus on food environment from other regions, or for specific target populations.
Who Reads Nutrition Labels? Label Usage by College Students in a Dining Hall Setting
Authors: Christoph Mary , Ellison Brenna 
Published: June 2021

Dietary preferences and eating behaviors can have a profound effect on nutrition and weight status. We investigated how stress, sleep, exercise, and nutrition education impacted usage of calorie labels and perceptions of nutrition information in a sample of 1,142 students (65% freshman, 58% male) surveyed in four university dining halls.Logistic regression was used to determine which students were more likely to use calorie information to make food choices, controlling for gender, age, and BMI. Additionally, students were asked to indicate the preferred pieces of nutrition information they would like to see provided in the dining hall setting.Usage of calorie information was significantly (p<0.05) related to wanting to lose weight, higher perceived stress levels, having above average health habits, tracking food intake, and exercising 3 or more times per week. Usage was moderately (p<0.10) related to being older and having eaten breakfast that day, but was not associated with gender, BMI, or number of hours slept. Preferences for information types (e.g. calories, fat, protein, ingredients) varied by gender, BMI, weight goals, food tracking behavior, and exercise frequency.Calorie label usage differed by exercise level, desire to lose weight, stress level, food tracking, and perceived healthfulness of habits in a large sample of students at university dining halls. This study underscores how behavioral and environmental factors impact usage of calorie labels and perceived importance of different types of nutrition information.This research was supported by the UIUC Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program.
Estimates of the quality of complementary feeding among Vietnamese 6‐23 month olds varied by how commercial baby cereals were classified in 24‐hour recalls
Authors: Nguyen Tuan , Hajeebhoy Nemat 
Published: June 2021

The World Health Organization's (WHO) indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices do not include commercial baby cereals (CBC), which are derived from several food groups and fortified with micronutrients. We examined how different scenarios for classifying CBC affect estimates of the quality of complementary feeding in 6‐23‐month‐old children in Vietnam (n=4,767; in 2014). In addition to the standardized questionnaire from the WHO, we asked mothers about the consumption of CBC manufactured by Heinz, Hipp, Nestlé, Gerber, or Vinamilk. Five scenarios were: S1‐ omitted CBC; S2‐ classified CBC as grains; S3‐ as grains and legumes; S4‐ as grains, legumes and vegetables; S5‐ as grains, legumes, vegetables and dairy. The proportion of children fed CBC in the previous day was 16.5%. Including CBC results in a 5‐10‐percentage‐point increase in the percent of children fed each of the 7 food groups in the WHO standard questionnaire. Minimum dietary diversity (percent fed 蠅 4 out of the 7 food groups) was statistically higher in S4 (88%) and S5 (90%) than in S1 (84%) and S2 (84%). The percent who consumed a minimum acceptable diet was also statistically higher in S4 (78%) and S5 (80%) than in S1 (74%) and S2 (75%). The percent who consumed iron‐rich foods was 94% when CBC were accounted for, statistically higher than the alternative scenario (89%). To sum, when CBC were included in the 24‐hour recall and classified as grains, legumes and any other food group, population level estimates of dietary quality were higher than when they were omitted. This suggests that clearer guidance is required from WHO about how to account for consumption of baby cereals when estimating quality of complementary feeding.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI 360
Investigating Bioaccessibility of Methylmercury from Seafood Commonly Consumed in North America
Authors: Siedlikowski Maia , Bradley Mark , Basu Niladri 
Published: June 2021

More than 1 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as their main protein source, but all seafood is contaminated with the toxic chemical mercury (Hg) in its methylated form (MeHg). Humans' main route of exposure to MeHg is through seafood consumption. Dietary assessment tools are used to evaluate the related risks and benefits. A major assumption in estimating these risks is that 100% of MeHg ingested is absorbed, yet emerging evidence suggests otherwise. Our goal is to increase the understanding of human exposure to MeHg by studying the absorption of this potent toxicant in the human gastrointestinal tract. We determined bioaccessibility of MeHg from the 10 most consumed types of seafood in North America (n=12 per type of seafood) identified by epidemiological surveys. An established in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method was designed to mimic human physiology. The mean bioaccessibility (±SD) of MeHg from 6 types of seafood was less than 100%: canned light tuna 65±8%, canned white tuna 75±2%, fresh tuna 97±1%, cod 99±0.2%, crab 77±9%, and halibut 89±1%. Furthermore, the mean bioaccessibility of MeHg from canned light tuna differed significantly (p<0.05) from those of fresh tuna, cod, and scallop. This research aims to more accurately gauge MeHg‐associated risks based on current dietary assessment tools, advance our knowledge of human exposure to MeHg, and ultimately translate to better public health guidelines concerning seafood consumption. In addition, given recent global support of the United Nations Minamata Convention, there is a need to develop innovative research methods to effectively manage Hg in the environment and MeHg in our food web.Supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
An Examination of the Relationships between Dietary Diversity, Nutritional Status, and Food Security across Seasons in Bangladesh
Authors: Waid Jillian 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesDietary diversity has been shown to be closely correlated with calorie and micronutrient adequacy, however changes in seasonal dietary patterns and differences between populations can complicate the interpretation of this indicator.MethodsSeasonal, cross‐sectional data from three years of the Food Security and Nutrition Surveillance Project were aggregated, resulting in a data set of 57,912 adult women and 14,097 adolescent girls. Descriptive analysis and multivariate linear regression were used.ResultsAge corrected estimates of nutritional status for adolescent girls indicated that malnutrition rates are higher during the monsoon months, but the same relationship was not observed for adult women. In contrast, for both women's and adolescent girls' dietary diversity scores were significantly higher in the monsoon months, mimicking the seasonal variation observed in household diets. Overall, for adult women and adolescent girls, dietary diversity scores were associated with better nutritional status while food insecurity was associated with worsened nutritional status. However, in models stratified by food security the association between dietary diversity and better nutritional status only held for adult women and adolescent girls in food secure households. When stratified, the models for food secure households had a considerably better fit than that of food insecure households.ConclusionsThe interpretation of dietary diversity measures can vary by season and food security status, as such future research should examine in which season these indicators provide the most reliable measures. In addition, care must be taken in interpreting such measures in situations when food insecurity is high or increasing.
Nutritional Intervention Decreases Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Improves Quality of Diet
Authors: Fleetwood Christina , Campa Adriana , Martinez Sabrina , Stewart Tiffanie , Seminario Leslie , Gracia Deborah , Baum Marianna 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveCardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the main non‐AIDS related causes of death in HIV+ adults on antiretrovirals. We compared HIV+ adults who were followed by a Registered Dietitian (RD) to those who were not currently followed by an RD for risk of metabolic syndrome (MS), a grouping of CVD risk factors,and quality of diet.MethodsAfter consenting, 98 HIV+ participants provided demographics and anthropometries. Vital signs and blood pressure were taken, blood was drawn for fasting glucose and lipid profiles obtained from medical charts. The Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores were calculated from 24‐hour dietary recalls and used to evaluate quality of diet. Nutribase‐9 and SPSS‐20 were used for analyses. MS was defined by the 5 NCEP ATPl III risk factors. People with 蠅3 risk factors were identified as having MS.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 47.2 years, 59.4% were male, and 73.7% were Black, 19.4 had hyperglycemia, and 30.6% had MS. Participants who were counseled by an RD had significantly higher AHEI scores (34.98 vs. 29.16, P<0.001), HDL (52.87 vs. 46.63 mg/dL, P=0.016), lower waist circumference (35.49 vs. 38.90 inches, P=0.002), and lower diastolic blood pressure (76.98 vs 83.08 mmHg, P=0.041) compared to those who had not seen an RD in the past year. There were no significant differences in demographics, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure between the groups.ConclusionOur findings suggest that receiving nutritional counseling decreases the risks for MS in HIV+ adults who have higher risk for MS (30.6% in our participants) compared to that in the general population (23%).Funded by NIDA/NIAAA
Diet Quality and Acculturation are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Females for South Asian Americans
Authors: Khan Saira , Jackson Robert 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThere has been a continued need to examine the relationship between diet quality, health, and the development of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and its precursor, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in understudied immigrant populations. Objective. We calculated the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI2010) scores with the goal of to assess the diet quality based on conformance to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and its relationship to acculturation, and MetS. Methods. In a cross‐sectional study, male and female South Asian (SA) volunteers from two low‐income community health clinics in Maryland responded to a previously validated acculturation questionnaire (21‐items), an automated self‐administered 24‐hour recall (ASA24), socio‐demographic variables, and metabolic profiles from clinical files. MetS was defined by the new consensus harmonized definition by the presence of 蠅 3 of the 5 abnormal indicators. Acculturation, gender, and ethnic group were contrasted between those with and without MetS and those above and below the DGA. Results. SA had a composite score of 73±1.2 suggesting that their diet needs improvement but was higher than the average for Americans 53.2. Males diets were healthier than females and Older males (蠅 65 years) ate the healthiest. Assimilated subjects ate healthier but had greater prevalence of MetS (44% VS. 29%). Males with MetS had lower HEI2010 scores (68) compared to males without MetS (73) and the converse being true for females (68 vs. 65). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that SA from different countries show similar eating habits and scores. SA females face greater dietary and cultural challenges compared to males.
Dietary Sodium Intake and Cardiometabolic Conditions in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Zhang Fang Fang , Ojha Rohit , Lanctot Jennifer , Chemaitilly Wassim , Krull Kevin , Hudson Melissa 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionAdult survivors of childhood cancer (ASCC) are at high risk for cardiometabolic conditions. We aimed to assess the associations between dietary sodium intake and cardiometabolic conditions among ASCC.MethodsFor 2,571 ASCC (mean ± SD = 32.6 ±8.3 years) in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, self‐reported dietary intake was assessed using the Block food frequency questionnaire. Systematic medical assessments included measurements of blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, serum fasting lipids, glucose, and insulin. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary patterns.ResultsThe mean sodium intake was 3,566 mg/d, substantially higher than the recommended upper limit of sodium intake (2,300 mg/d). Compared to sodium intake above the national average (蠅3,400 mg/d), intake between 1,500‐2,300 mg/d was associated with 35‐46% lower odds of prevalent hypertension (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.44‐0.96), insulin resistance (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.46‐0.94), abdominal obesity (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.45‐0.97), and metabolic syndrome (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.35‐0.82). Sodium intake 2,300‐3,400 mg/d was associated with similarly reduced prevalence of cardiometabolic conditions although the magnitude was smaller. Sodium intake<1,500 mg/d was not associated with the prevalence of cardiometabolic conditions.ConclusionOptimal sodium intake is associated with reduced odds of cardiometabolic conditions in young adult survivors of childhood cancer.