bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight loss among pregnant women hospitalized because of hyperemesis gravidarum: Is there a lack of nutrition intervention?
Authors: Galletta Marco Aurelio Knippel , Carrieri Adriana , Peres Stela Verzinhasse , Dias Maria Carolina Goncalves , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutrition therapy is a key component in the management of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). The aim of this study was to describe sociodemographic, anthropometric, and nutrition aspects of pregnant women hospitalized because of HG and raise a discussion about the nutrition care provided.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive study that includes 26 pregnant women with confirmed diagnosis of HG who were hospitalized because of this condition in a tertiary hospital. Data of interest were collected from official medical records and analyzed to obtain measures of central tendency and dispersion, as well as frequencies.ResultsThe studied individuals had a mean age of 25.7 years and a low level of education, and 65% of them were single mothers. They registered a low weight gain (2.8 kg) during pregnancy and in the course of their hospitalization, during which they lost an average of 1.7 kg, showing a decline in nutrition status during this period. Although the average intake of oral diet (OD) was 55% during hospital stay and only 5% of the studied population met caloric needs through OD, the prescription of complementary medical nutrition therapy (oral supplements, enteral or parenteral nutrition) was scarcely observed in this sample.ConclusionDespite the negative impact that HG can impose on the mother's nutrition status and the known benefits that complementary nutrition therapies can provide, few nutrition interventions have been carried out to improve this situation. That indicates an urgent need for implementation or reviewing of nutrition assistance protocols for HG patients.
Diagnostics of asphalt pavement using elastic standing waves
Authors: Ngomayezwe L. , Kolesnikov Yu. I. , Fedin К. V. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTTo ensure the safe operation of roads, it is necessary to periodically monitor the condition of road surfaces. Lately, near‐surface geophysics methods have been actively used to solve such problems. The seismoacoustic methods that are used to diagnose road surfaces are typically dynamic methods based on the excitation of body or surface elastic waves in the road surfaces. The purpose of this work is to assess the possibilities of using elastic standing waves for diagnosing a hard road surface. This article presents the results of field experiments that demonstrate the possibility of detecting cavities under an asphalt pavement using flexural standing waves. Such waves, like vibrations of a membrane fixed or partially fixed at its edges, can be formed on the hard surface cover above the cavity as a result of exposure to acoustic noise. In this article, the accumulation of amplitude spectra of a large number of noise records was used to extract standing waves from the acoustic noise recorded on the surface of the pavement. It is shown that the joint visualization of the averaged spectra obtained by profile observations over the cavity makes it possible to confidently identify several modes of flexural standing waves. Based on the areal measurements, a map of the distribution of the amplitudes of one of the modes of flexural standing waves in the asphalt pavement over the cavity was constructed. At a qualitative level, this distribution is consistent with the results of computer simulations using the finite element method. The fact that, under the influence of acoustic noise in the pavement, the flexural standing waves are formed which are absent at other places indicates the absence of rigid contact at its lower boundary. Thus, the horizontal dimensions of the cavity can be estimated from the size of the area on which flexural standing waves are formed. In addition, the article shows that the analysis of vertical compressional (but not flexural) standing waves arising in the pavement under the influence of noise allows us to investigate the thickness of the pavement and to qualitatively assess the ratio of acoustic stiffness of the pavement and the underlying layer.
Stepping into the Wildeverse: Evaluating the impact of augmented reality mobile gaming on pro‐conservation behaviours
Authors: Dunn Matilda Eve , Shah Gautam , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Promoting pro‐conservation behaviours has become a priority for conservation organisations world‐wide. Yet, current engagement strategies still face a number of barriers to creating successful interventions at the scale needed to meet global sustainability challenges.

Online and mobile games enjoy immense world‐wide popularity, tapping into an audience not normally reached through conventional conservation outreach channels. Despite this potential to be a new, high impact and scalable platform for promoting pro‐environmental behaviours, the opportunities within digital games for conservation have thus far been little explored and organisations have called for robust impact evaluations for this medium. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of the augmented reality game Wildeverse, which seeks to generate support for ape conservation and encourage pro‐environmental behaviours.

We conducted a randomised control trial to experimentally compare the impacts of this game against watching a documentary, a conventional conservation outreach intervention. We compared changes in participants' knowledge, attitudes and revealed donation behaviours across the two groups and found that games performed as well as documentaries in supporting positive environmental knowledge and attitudes.

The results gathered from this study provide experimental insight into the potential for the broader use of digital games for conservation outreach and also provide evidence against the argument that gaming can detract from real‐world environmental problems creating a disconnect with these issues. However, results from this study could not provide any evidence that Wildeverse was successful in achieving its additional aim of encouraging players to donate to conservation, which provides evidence for the existence of an environmental values–behaviour gap in conservation gaming.

The gaming industry is global and rapidly growing and should no longer be ignored as an avenue for conservation outreach. We recommend several ways in which future studies can expand on this work to better understand how to effectively harness the power of digital games to drive tangible change that benefits biodiversity.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
An overview of noninvasive ventilation in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jobanputra Aesha , Jagpal Sugeet , Marulanda Paula , Ramagopal Maya , Santiago Teodoro , Naik Sreelatha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) use was initially reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) in 1991 as a bridge to lung transplantation, and over the decades, the use of NIV has increased in the CF population. Individuals with CF are prone to various physiologic changes as lung function worsens, and they benefit from NIV for advanced lung disease. As life expectancy in CF has been increasing due to advances such as highly effective modulator therapy, people with CF may also benefit from NIV for other diagnosis beyond advanced lung disease. NIV can improve gas exchange, quality of sleep, exercise tolerance, and augment airway clearance in CF. CF providers can readily become comfortable with this therapeutic modality. In this review, we will summarize the physiologic basis for NIV use in CF, describe indications for initiation, and discuss how to order and monitor patients on NIV. We will discuss aspects unique to people with CF and the use of NIV, as well as suggestions on how to reduce risks such as infection. We hope that this serves as a resource for CF providers, in particular those who do not have dedicated training in sleep medicine as we all continue to care for the CF patient population.
Population pharmacokinetics of liposomal irinotecan in patients with cancer and exposure–safety analyses in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Brendel Karl , Bekaii‐Saab Tanios , Boland Patrick M , Dayyani Farshid , Dean Andrew , Macarulla Teresa , Maxwell Fiona , Mody Kabir , Pedret‐Dunn Anna , Wainberg Zev A , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiposomal irinotecan is a liposomal formulation of irinotecan, which prolongs circulation of irinotecan and its active metabolite SN‐38. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed based on data from seven studies (N = 440). Adequacy of the model was assessed using multiple methods, including visual predictive check. Associations between PK exposure and the incidence of diarrhea (grade ≥3) and neutropenia adverse events (AEs) (grade ≥3) at first event in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) were investigated using logistic regression based on data from two studies (the phase III NAPOLI‐1 [N = 260] and phase I/II NCT02551991 [N = 56] trials). The PKs of total irinotecan was described by a two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination, with SN‐38 formed directly by a first‐order constant from the central compartment of irinotecan or after using a transit compartment. Clearance was 17.9 L/week (0.107 L/h) and 19,800 L/week (118 L/h) for total irinotecan and SN‐38, respectively. The UGT1A1*28 7/7 homozygous genotype had no significant impact on SN‐38 clearance. Model evaluation was satisfactory for both irinotecan and SN‐38. The incidence of diarrhea (grade ≥3) at first event was significantly higher with increasing average concentrations of total irinotecan and SN‐38; there was no significant association between an increased risk of neutropenia AEs (grade ≥3) at first event and average SN‐38 concentrations. In summary, the PKs of total irinotecan and SN‐38 after administration of liposomal irinotecan were well‐described by the model. The UGT1A1*28 status had no significant impact on the PKs of liposomal irinotecan.
Dynamic reliability analysis approach based on fault tree and new process capability index
Authors: Li Wanhong , Liu Guangzhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a dynamic reliability analysis approach based on fault tree (FT) and new process capability index (PCI). This work has three contributions. First, new PCIs, namely, Cp‐R, Cpk‐R, Cpm‐R, and Cpmk‐R, are proposed on the basis of traditional PCI prototypes, and the data stability analysis results converge to (0∼1] interval. These new PCI advantages and defects are compared, and the result shows that Cpmk‐R can identify the stability of the dynamic data effectively. Second, fault risk index (FRI) based on Cpmk‐R index, namely, Rpmk‐R, is proposed to approximate the probability of basic events (BEs) for FT. Third, FRI and FT are used to analyze fault transmission and assess dynamic fault risk of equipment. A circulating cooling water heat exchange system is used for simulation to verify the practicability of the approach. Results show that the FT based on Rpmk‐R can assess the dynamic fault risk of equipment accurately.
A pragmatic and prudent consensus on the resurrection of extinct plant species using herbarium specimens
Authors: Albani Rocchetti Giulia , Davis Charles , Caneva Giulia , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Fabrini Giuseppe , Fenu Giuseppe , Foggi Bruno , Galasso Gabriele , Gargano Domenico , Giusso del Galdo Gianpietro , Iberite Mauro , Magrini Sara , Mayer Alfred , Mondoni Andrea , Nepi Chiara , Orsenigo Simone , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Abeli Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerbaria may represent remarkable sources of viable diaspores for recovering lost genetic variation and extinct plant species, but the application of rewilding extinct species using these collections has not been explored in detail. De‐extinction in plants may be achieved by germinating viable diaspores or culturing tissues preserved in herbarium specimens. Germination of old diaspores (fruits, seeds, spores) preserved in sub‐optimal uncontrolled storage conditions demonstrates that the recovery of extinct plants from herbarium specimens may be possible. Plant de‐extinction via herbarium specimens relies on the availability of samples containing viable diaspores, and on the inclination of curators and the conservation community to use such material for this purpose. We developed an internet‐based survey to assess (i) whether the scientific community would consent to the use of herbarium specimens of extinct species to attempt de‐extinction, and (ii) the limitations of removing diaspores from specimens. Despite the risk of potential damages to valuable specimens from historical collections when harvesting diaspores, a consensus for using specimens of extinct plant species emerged. Most respondents would permit the collection of a low number of diaspores, preferably from duplicate specimens and only if the integrity of the specimen is preserved. These considerations would be more restrictive for type specimens and those of historical value. These results help to formalise a decision framework for the grant and use of material from natural history collections and a pragmatic approach to attempt to resurrect extinct species from herbarium specimens.
3T MRI characteristics of the palatine tonsil in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Köhler Claudia , Fromme Vivian , Kohl Stefan , Winter Karsten , Weidauer Jenny , Kiefer Ingmar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvestigation of the MRI characteristics of the palatine tonsil in brachycephalic dogs in 3T high‐field system.MethodsEighty‐five brachycephalic dogs and 37 normocephalic dogs were divided into five groups: group 1 French bulldogs (FBs) with neurological clinical signs (n = 37), group 2 FBs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) (n = 22), group 3 pugs with neurological clinical signs (n = 17), group 4 pugs with BOAS (n = 9) and group 5 normocephalic dogs (n = 37). Cross‐sectional area and volume measurements were performed, and tonsillar margination and contour, shape, signal intensity and homogeneity/heterogeneity of the palatine tonsils were evaluated and compared.ResultsCross‐sectional area and volume measurements of the tonsils showed no significant differences between brachycephalic and normocephalic dogs with the exception of the dogs of group 2 (FB BOAS), which showed relatively high volume and large cross‐sectional area in comparison to other groups. In 87% of the brachycephalic animals, the tonsils were well defined. A smooth contour was detectable in 91.8% and a rounded shape in 94.7% of brachycephalic dogs. Signal intensity was assessed as hyperintense in relation to the musculature and iso‐ to hyperintense to the soft palate. Heterogeneous appearance was described in 86.9% of the brachycephalic animals.ConclusionsThe MRI characteristics of the tonsils of brachycephalic dogs do not differ considerably from those of normocephalic dogs. In FBs with distinct clinical signs of obstructive airway syndrome, increase in cross‐sectional area and volume of the tonsils was detected.
Impurity effect on hysteric magnetoconductance: holographic approach
Authors: Kim Kyung Kiu , Kim Keun-Young , Sin Sang-Jin , Seo Yunseok 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we study a hysteric phase transition from weak localization phase to hysteric magnetoconductance phase using gauge/gravity duality. This hysteric phase is triggered by a spontaneous magnetization related to ℤ2 symmetry and time reversal symmetry in a 2+1 dimensional system with momentum relaxation. We derive thermoelectric conductivity formulas describing non-hysteric and hysteric phases. At low temperatures, this magnetoconductance shows similar phase transitions of topological insulator surface states. We also obtain hysteresis curves of Seebeck coefficient and Nernst signal. It turns out that our impurity parameter changes magnetic properties of the dual system. This is justified by showing increasing susceptibility and the spontaneous magnetization with increasing impurity parameter.
On linear functional equations modulo $${\mathbb {Z}}$$
Authors: Gilányi Attila , Lewicka Agata 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the condition$$\sum _{i=0}^{n+1}\varphi _i(r_ix+q_iy)\in {\mathbb {Z}}$$∑i=0n+1φi(rix+qiy)∈Zfor real valued functions defined on a linear spaceV. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for functions satisfying this condition to be decent in the following sense: there exist functions$$f_i:V\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$fi:V→R,$$g_i:V\rightarrow {\mathbb {Z}}$$gi:V→Zsuch that$$\varphi _i=f_i+g_i$$φi=fi+gi,$$(i=0,\dots ,n+1)$$(i=0,⋯,n+1)and$$\sum _{i=0}^{n+1}f_i(r_ix+q_iy)=0$$∑i=0n+1fi(rix+qiy)=0for all$$x, y\in V$$x,y∈V.
Simultaneous optimization of topology and layout of modular stiffeners on shells and plates
Authors: Bakker Coen , Zhang Lidan , Higginson Kristie , Keulen Fred van 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStiffened shells and plates are widely used in engineering. Their performance is highly influenced by the arrangement, or layout, of stiffeners on the base shell or plate and the geometric features, or topology, of these stiffeners. Moreover, modular design is beneficial, since it allows for increased quality control and mass production. In this work, a method is developed that simultaneously optimizes the topology of stiffeners and their layout on a base shell or plate. This is accomplished by introducing a fixed number of modular stiffeners, which are subject to density-based topology optimization and a mapping of these modules to a ground structure. To illustrate potential applications, several stiffened plates and shell examples are presented. All examples demonstrated that the proposed method is able to generate clear topologies for any number of modules and a distinct layout of the stiffeners on the base shell or plate.
Simple extraction procedure for free amino acids determination in selected gluten-free flour samples
Authors: Kowalska Sylwia , Szłyk Edward , Jastrzębska Aneta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe simple extraction of flours samples followed by free amino acids determination procedures was studied and optimised. The conditions of amino acids derivatisation reaction with ninhydrin for chromatographic determination of free amino acids sum was discussed. The developed method was processed in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection and quantification. Moreover, capillary isotachophoresis and HPLC methods were applied for individual free amino acids determination. The proposed extraction procedure is simple, fast and convenient for different flours samples. Studied procedures were used for free amino acids determination in twelve gluten-free flour samples (corn, oat, soy, rice, pumpkin, millet, peanut, hemp seed, buckwheat, amaranth, pea and chickpea) and the obtained results were compared with wheat flour.
Population dynamics of an island population of water voles Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758) with one major predator, the eagle owl Bubo bubo (Linnaeus, 1758), in northern Norway
Authors: Frafjord Karl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPredator–prey relationships are of great significance to ecosystems, and their effects on the population dynamics of voles and lemmings (Microtinae) in Boreal and Arctic environments have long been of particular interest. A simple ecosystem with one major prey and one major predator could be an ideal setting for a study of their interactions. This is the situation on several small islands on the coast of northern Norway just below the Arctic Circle, with populations of water voles Arvicola amphibius preyed upon by the eagle owl Bubo bubo. The population dynamics of the water vole was studied by trapping and tagging in 2003–2018, eagle owl pellets were collected for analyses, eagle owl breeding attempts were recorded, and some weather variables collected from official recordings. After having been introduced well into the study period, the number of sheep Ovis aries was also recorded. Water voles were the main prey of the eagle owl, with 89% occurrence in pellets, with an overrepresentation of adults and males. Both predation, sheep grazing and extreme weather events influenced the vole population. Predator exclusion, as happened in three summers due to an intensive radio tracking study, especially increased the number of surviving young (in particular from the early cohorts) and the mass of adults. Extreme weather events, such as flooding in summer and deeply frozen ground in winter, most significantly reduced vole populations. Sheep grazing may exacerbate the effects of predation. A similar multitude of factors may affect populations of other rodent species as well.
The problem of no hands: responsibility voids in collective decisions
Authors: Duijf Hein , Van De Putte Frederik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe problem of no hands concerns the existence of so-called responsibility voids: cases where a group makes a certain decision, yet no individual member of the group can be held responsible for this decision. Criteria-based collective decision procedures play a central role in philosophical debates on responsibility voids. In particular, the well-known discursive dilemma has been used to argue for the existence of these voids. But there is no consensus: others argue that no such voids exist in the discursive dilemma under the assumption that casting an untruthful opinion is eligible. We argue that, under this assumption, the procedure used in the discursive dilemma is indeed immune to responsibility voids, yet such voids can still arise for other criteria-based procedures. We provide two general characterizations of the conditions under which criteria-based collective decision procedures are immune to these voids. Our general characterizations are used to prove that responsibility voids are ruled out by criteria-based procedures involving an atomistic or monotonic decision function. In addition, we show that our results imply various other insights concerning the logic of responsibility voids.
Can intracranial time-of-flight-MR angiography predict extracranial carotid artery stenosis?
Authors: Osmanodja Filiz , Scheitz Jan F. , Fiebach Jochen B. , Ganeshan Ramanan , Villringer Kersten 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Extracranial stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an important cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). It can be diagnosed using contrast-enhanced CT or MR angiography (MRA) as well as Doppler ultrasound. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic value of intracranial time-of-flight (TOF) MRA to predict extracranial ICA stenosis (ICAS).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA and middle- (50–69%) or high-grade (70–99%) unilateral extracranial ICAS according to NASCET criteria assessed by ultrasound between January 2016 and August 2018. The control group consisted of patients without extracranial ICAS. Intraluminal signal intensities (SI) of the intracranial ICA on the side of the extracranial stenosis were compared to the contralesional side on TOF-MRA source images. SI ratios (SIR) of contralesional:lesional side were compared between groups.

Results
In total, 151 patients were included in the main analysis. Contralesional:lesional SIR in the intracranial C4-segment was significantly higher in patients with ipsilateral extracranial ICA stenosis (n = 51, median 74 years, 57% male) compared to the control group (n = 100, median 68 years, 48% male). Mean SIR was 1.463 vs. 1.035 (p < 0.001) for right-sided stenosis and 1.362 vs. 1.000 (p < 0.001) for left-sided stenosis. Receiver-operating characteristic curve demonstrated a cut-off value of 1.086 for right-sided [sensitivity/specificity 75%/81%; area under the curve (AUC) 0.81] and 1.104 for left-sided stenosis (sensitivity/specificity 70%/84%; AUC 0.80) in C4 as a good predictor for high-grade extracranial ICAS.

Conclusions
SIR on TOF-MRA can be a marker of extracranial ICAS.