bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetisation transfer imaging revealed microstructural changes related to apathy symptoms after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Klimiec‐Moskal Elzbieta , Karcz Paulina , Kowalska Katarzyna , Slowik Agnieszka , Herman‐Sucharska Izabela , Dziedzic Tomasz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesApathy after stroke is common and has a negative impact on functional recovery. Neuroimaging correlates of poststroke apathy remain unclear. We aimed to investigate microstructural changes associated with the severity of poststroke apathy symptoms.MethodsWe assessed 67 patients with cerebral ischaemia who underwent magnetisation transfer brain imaging 12–15 months after stroke. We used magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) to represent microstructural integrity. We performed whole‐brain voxel‐based analysis and subsequent region of interest analysis to investigate the association between MTR and symptoms of poststroke apathy. To assess apathy symptoms, we used clinician‐reported version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale.ResultsVoxel‐based analysis showed the association between symptoms of apathy and decreased MTR in areas overlapping with structures located in both hemispheres: left thalamus, bilateral hippocampus, bilateral fornix/stria terminalis, right amygdala, splenium of the corpus callosum, the retrolenticular part of left internal capsule and left sagittal stratum. In the region of interest analysis, only lower MTR in right fornix/stria terminalis was associated with greater poststroke apathy symptoms in a multivariate logistic model (odds ratio: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.46, p = 0.003). These associations were independent of depressive symptoms.ConclusionMagnetisation transfer brain imaging 12–15 months after stroke revealed changes in microstructural integrity associated with apathy symptoms in brain areas related to processing emotional information and reward valuation.
Low‐risk human papilloma virus positive oropharyngeal cancer with one positive lymph node: Equivalent outcomes in patients treated with surgery and radiation therapy versus surgery alone
Authors: Sample Reilly A. , Wood Carey Burton , Mazul Angela L. , Barrett Thomas F. , Paniello Randal C. , Rich Jason T. , Kang Stephen Y. , Zevallos Jose , Daly Mackenzie D. , Thorstad Wade L. , Chen Stephanie Y. , Pipkorn Patrik , Jackson Ryan S. , Puram Sidharth V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor human papilloma virus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), management recommendations for patients with a single metastatic lymph node <6 cm in diameter remain nebulous, leading to treatment heterogeneity in this common subgroup of patients.MethodsWe utilized the National Cancer Database to perform survival and multivariable analyses of patients with HPV+ OPSCC with one positive lymph node <6 cm and negative surgical margins.ResultsWe found that 5‐year survival is comparable between patients who receive surgery and adjuvant radiation versus surgery alone. In multivariable analyses, we found no significant difference in the hazard ratio of overall survival after adjusting for various potential confounders.ConclusionsThese data suggest that patients with margin‐negative HPV+ OPSCC with a single positive lymph node <6 cm have comparable survival with or without adjuvant radiation. Future studies exploring outcomes for this specific group in randomized‐controlled trials will be critical for further evaluating these initial observations.
Prognostic factors associated with small for gestational age babies in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chaudhary Nagendra , Yadav Shree Narayan , Kalra Suresh Kumar , Pathak Santosh , Gupta Binod Kumar , Shrestha Sandeep , Patel Matthew , Satia Imran , Sadhra Steven , Bolton Charlotte Emma , Kurmi Om Prakash 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSmall for gestational age (SGA) is common among newborns in low‐income countries like Nepal and has higher immediate mortality and morbidities.ObjectivesTo study the prevalence and prognostic factors of SGA babies in Western Nepal.MethodsA cross‐sectional study (November 2016‐October 2017) was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Western Nepal. Socio‐demographic, lifestyle factors including diet, and exposures including smoking and household air pollution in mothers who delivered newborns appropriate for gestational age (AGA), SGA and large for gestational age (LGA) were recorded. Logistic regression was carried out to find the odds ratio of prognostic factors after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOut of 4000 delivered babies, 77% (n = 3078) were AGA, 20.3% (n = 813) were SGA and 2.7% (n = 109) were LGA. The proportion of female‐SGA was greater in comparison to male‐SGA (n = 427, 52.5% vs n = 386, 47.5%). SGA babies were born to mothers who had term, preterm, and postterm delivery in the following proportions 70.1%, 19.3%, and 10.6%, respectively. The average weight gain (mean ± SD) by mothers in AGA pregnancies was 10.3 ± 2.4 kg, whereas in SGA were 9.3 ± 2.4 kg. In addition to low socioeconomic status (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 3.2), other prognostic factors associated with SGA were lifestyle factors such as low maternal sleep duration (OR 5.1, CI 3.6, 7.4) and monthly or less frequent meat intake (OR 5.0, CI 3.2, 7.8). Besides smoking (OR 8.8, CI 2.1, 36.3), the other major environmental factor associated with SGA was exposure to household air pollution (OR 5.4, 4.1, 6.9) during pregnancy. Similarly, some of the adverse health conditions associated with a significantly higher risk of SGA were anemia, oligohydramnios, and gestational diabetes.ConclusionsSGA is common in Western Nepal and associated with several modifiable prognostic factors.
Inherited disorders of complex lipid metabolism: A clinical review
Authors: Xiao Changrui , Rossignol Francis , Vaz Frédéric M. , Ferreira Carlos R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver 80 human diseases have been attributed to defects in complex lipid metabolism. A majority of them have been reported recently in the setting of rapid advances in genomic technology and their increased use in clinical settings. Lipids are ubiquitous in human biology and play roles in many cellular and intercellular processes. While inborn errors in lipid metabolism can affect every organ system with many examples of genetic heterogeneity and pleiotropy, the clinical manifestations of many of these disorders can be explained based on the disruption of the metabolic pathway involved. In this review, we will discuss the physiological function of major pathways in complex lipid metabolism, including nonlysosomal sphingolipid metabolism, acylceramide metabolism, de novo phospholipid synthesis, phospholipid remodeling, phosphatidylinositol metabolism, mitochondrial cardiolipin synthesis and remodeling, and ether lipid metabolism as well as common clinical phenotypes associated with each.
Implementation of malnutrition quality improvement reveals opportunities for better nutrition care delivery for hospitalized patients
Authors: Wills‐Gallagher Jennifer , Kerr Kirk W. , Macintosh Beth , Valladares Angel F. , Kilgore Karl M. , Sulo Suela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGaps in hospital‐based nutrition care practices and opportunities to improve care of patients at risk of malnutrition or malnourished have been demonstrated by several US hospitals implementing quality improvement (QI) projects. This study examined the impact of nutrition care process improvements focused on better documentation of identification and diagnosis of malnutrition in 5 hospital services and differences between nutritionally targeted vs nontargeted services.MethodsData on malnutrition risk screening, nutrition assessment, malnutrition diagnosis, and nutrition care plan delivery were collected from 32,723 hospital encounters for patients admitted to the intensive care unit, pulmonology, oncology, urology, and general medicine services (targeted) as well as the rest of the nontargeted hospital services between 2017 and 2019.ResultsHigher rates of morbidity in targeted service patients compared with those in the patient population admitted in the nontargeted services were observed, including higher rates of malnutrition risk (37.43% vs 19.16%, P < .001), higher rates of moderate and severe malnutrition first identified by a registered dietitian nutritionist (20.27% vs 9.67%, P < .001), and malnutrition diagnosis confirmed by an admitting physician (16.72% vs 6.74%, P < .001).ConclusionsThe findings suggest sustained improvements in confirmed rates of malnutrition identification and diagnosis are achievable. Targeting malnutrition QI efforts to hospital services with higher patient morbidity is an effective method for improving malnutrition diagnosis, in particular in hospitals with limited resources, which in turn can result in improved nutrition care delivery.
Flash Scanning Volumetric Optoacoustic Tomography for High Resolution Whole‐Body Tracking of Nanoagent Kinetics and Biodistribution
Authors: Ron Avihai , Kalva Sandeep Kumar , Periyasamy Vijitha , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís , Razansky Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTracking of biodynamics across entire living organisms is essential for understanding complex biology and disease progression. The presently available small‐animal functional and molecular imaging modalities remain constrained by factors including long image acquisition times, low spatial resolution, limited penetration or poor contrast. Here flash scanning volumetric optoacoustic tomography (fSVOT), a new approach for high‐speed imaging of fast kinetics and biodistribution of optical contrast agents in whole mice that simultaneously provides reference images of vascular and organ anatomy with unrivaled fidelity and contrast, is presented. The imaging protocol employs continuous overfly scanning of a spherical matrix array transducer, accomplishing a 200 µm resolution 3D scan of the whole mouse body within 45 s without relying on signal averaging. This corresponds to an imaging speed gain of more than an order of magnitude compared with existing state‐of‐the‐art implementations of comparable resolution performance. Volumetric tracking and quantification of gold nanoagent and near infrared (NIR)‐II dye kinetics and their differential uptake in various organs are demonstrated. fSVOT thus offers unprecedented capabilities for multiscale imaging of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution with high contrast, resolution, and speed.
Additive Manufacturing in the Food Sector: A Literature Review
Authors: Bravi Laura , Murmura Federica 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper, through a literature review, explores the application of 3D Printing in the agri‐food sector. Food printing technology could provide a platform to experiment food design on shapes, colors, flavors, introduce artistic capabilities to fine dining, and extend mass customization capabilities to the industrial culinary sector. Furthermore, it has potential to support a personalized nutrition control mechanism; a prototyping tool to facilitate new food product development, and a potential type of new machines to reconfigure a customized food supply chain.
3D Printing with Flexible Materials – Mechanical Properties and Material Fatigue
Authors: Cakar Siver , Ehrmann Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract3D printed objects are nowadays not only used in prototyping, but also in small‐scale production down to lot‐size 1. While different 3D printing techniques can be applied for this purpose, a large amount of products is prepared by the simple and inexpensive fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, applying a polymer which is molten, pressed through a nozzle, and deposited layer‐by‐layer on a printing bed and on the previous layers, respectively. This technology, however, has the disadvantage of often insufficient mechanical properties due to the available materials and due to the construction method, which often supports air cavities inside objects, reducing the adhesion between neighboring strands and thus the overall mechanical properties. Such problems can partly be solved by chemical after‐treatments. Here, the authors report on tensile tests and load changes of the soft FDM materials FilaFlex and PLA soft (PLA = polylactic acid) in comparison with common PLA. They also show the different inner structure of objects 3D printed from these materials and their correlation with mechanical properties and material fatigue.
Integrated Design Strategy for Additively Manufactured Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Fucile Pierpaolo , Russo Teresa , De Santis Roberto , Martorelli Massimo , Catauro Michelina , Gloria Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing technologies allow for the direct fabrication of 3D scaffolds with improved properties for tissue regeneration. In this scenario, design strategies and 3D fiber deposition technique are considered to develop advanced scaffolds with different lay‐down patterns, tailored mechanical and biological properties. 3D poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds are manufactured and surface‐modified (i.e., aminolysis). The effect of surface modification on the mechanical and biological performances of the designed 3D scaffolds is assessed.
Application of Reverse Engineering for Automotive Plastic Components – Case Study
Authors: Tamaşag Ioan , Beşliu Irina , Amarandei Dumitru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe advancement in control and measuring technologies, the widespread acceptance and the growing popularity of the reverse engineering concept made the possibility of reproducing objects with unknown specifications an easier task. Although industrial practice offers many reverse engineering methods, this technology is not yet used at its fully potential. This article presents a case study involving the application of reverse engineering technology on a complex geometry plastic part from the automotive industry. The aim of the paper is to present a step‐by‐step reverse engineering method, starting from the creation of the point cloud obtained through scanning of the parts surfaces (using a 7.5 axis portable measuring arm with a laser line scanner) to the reproduction of the physical part.
Reusable pectin‐coated magnetic nanosorbent functionalized with an aptamer for highly selective Hg2+ detection
Authors: Deepuppha Nunthiya , Khadsai Sudarat , Rutnakornpituk Boonjira , Kielar Filip , Rutnakornpituk Metha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA pectin‐coated magnetite nanoparticle functionalized with Hg2+‐specific aptamer was developed to obtain a magnetic nanosorbent having high selectivity toward Hg2+ and facile reusability. The aptamer labeled with biotin was immobilized on pectin‐coated MNP conjugated with streptavidin through the specific biotin–streptavidin interaction to obtain an aptamer‐functionalized nanosorbent. Pectin coated on the particle improved its stability and dispersibility in water, while thymine in the aptamer played an important role as a recognition element, which can bind to the Hg2+ target via T–Hg2+–T complexes. The nanosorbent showed a linear concentration, ranging from 2.8 to 700 μg/L, with the limit of detection of 0.8 ± 0.2 μg/L and limit of quantitation of 2.8 ± 0.2 μg/L for the detection of Hg2+. It showed high selectivity with good tolerance toward Hg2+ in the presence of other metal ions. The system can be repeatedly used for up to 10 cycles of Hg2+ adsorption with only slight changes in its performance. In addition, satisfactory recoveries were also obtained for the detection of Hg2+ in real water samples. This nanosorbent might be a promising tool for extended applications in biological and analytical fields.
Fetal esophageal imaging: Early pregnancy as a window of opportunity
Authors: Kassif Eran , Weissbach Tal , Raviv Oshrat , Shust‐Barequet Shir , Koren Natalie , Fishel Bartal Michal , Achiron Reuven , Mazaki‐Tovi Shali , Weisz Boaz , Elkan Miller Tal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the sonographic appearance of the fetal esophagus during early pregnancy and evaluate the feasibility of imaging the entire esophageal length. In addition, we present a case of disrupted esophageal continuity, subsequently diagnosed with esophageal atresia (EA).MethodsA prospective observational study of 145 patients. During the early second trimester anomaly scan performed at 12–17 weeks' gestation the entire esophagus was captured in a single sonographic image at the midsagittal plane (one shot technique). Postnatal follow‐up of esophageal patency included review of medical records and telephone interviews.ResultsComplete visualization of the esophagus (neck to diaphragm) was possible in 144 cases. In 88% of cases the esophagus was demonstrated by transvaginal approach. The time required to obtain the desired view of the esophagus, once the fetus was in an optimal position, was on average 13 s (range: 5–30 s). In one case at 15 weeks' gestation, the cervical segment of the esophagus was demonstrated while the lower thoracic segment was not identified. Subsequently EA was diagnosed.ConclusionsIt is feasible to demonstrate the entire esophagus during early second trimester anomaly scan. An early second trimester anomaly scan may serve as a window of opportunity for EA screening.
Wireless Transmission of Friedlander‐Type Signals for the Dynamic Measurement of Blast Pressure
Authors: Chalnot Mathieu , Coustou Anthony , Aubert Hervé , Pons Patrick , Lavayssière Maylis , Lefrançois Alexandre , Luc Jérôme 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring explosive detonation or air blast experiments, long cables are commonly used for transmitting signals delivered by pressure sensors to the safe place of the acquisition unit. While constant efforts are undertaken for enlarging the bandwidth of sensors in order to improve the measurement precision of the peak pressure, the limitations of the wired transmission of blast pressure signals delivered by these sensors are not addressed. We discuss here such limitations and propose a wireless new solution for the dynamic measurement of Friedlander‐type signals delivered by ultra‐wideband sensors (>
). Contrary to the wired solution, the distance between the sensor and the acquisition unit does not limit the measurement bandwidth of the wireless setup. Experimental results are reported for validation purposes and pave the way of the dynamic measurement of blast pressure variations occurring at the heart of the fireball generated during explosions.
Mass spectrometric study of ceramics in the Sm2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system at high temperatures
Authors: Stolyarova Valentina L. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Shilov Andrey L. , Karachevtsev Fedor N. 
Published: February 2021

RationaleSystems containing zirconia, hafnia, and rare earth oxides are indispensable in various areas of high‐temperature technologies as a basis of ultra‐high refractory ceramics. Exposure of these materials to high temperatures may result in unexpected selective vaporization of components or phase transitions in the condensed phase leading to changes in physicochemical properties. Consequently, reliable application of the ceramics based on systems such as Sm2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 is impossible without data on its vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties, which may be used to predict the physicochemical characteristics of the ultra‐high refractory ceramics.MethodsCeramics based on the Sm2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system were obtained by solid‐state synthesis and characterized by X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray phase analyses. The vaporization and thermodynamics of the system considered were examined by the high‐temperature mass spectrometric method using a MS‐1301 magnetic sector mass spectrometer with a tungsten twin effusion cell. Vapor species effusing from the cell were ionized by electrons with an energy of 25 eV.ResultsThe main vapor species over the Sm2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system were shown to be SmO, Sm, and O at a temperature of 2373 K, indicating selective vaporization of Sm2O3 from the samples. The partial pressures of these vapor species and the Sm2O3 activities were determined in the Sm2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system and allowed the excess Gibbs energies to be evaluated. These excess Gibbs energy values were compared with the results obtained by the semi‐empirical and statistical thermodynamic approaches.ConclusionsThe data obtained in this study showed negative deviations from the ideal behavior in the Sm2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system at 2373 K. The results calculated according to the semi‐empirical methods and statistical thermodynamic Generalized Lattice Theory of Associated Solutions were in agreement with each other. Thus, this evidenced the desirability of further experimental investigation of the Sm2O3‐ZrO2‐HfO2 system by the high‐temperature mass spectrometric method.
SARS‐CoV‐2, Covid‐19, and the debunking of conspiracy theories
Authors: Hakim Mohamad S. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe emergence of a novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has engaged considerable awareness and attention around the world. The associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19), has now involved virtually all 200 countries. The total number of confirmed cases has been much more than in the two previous outbreaks of human coronaviruses, that is, SARS‐CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. In line with the outbreak escalation, false information about SARS‐CoV‐2 and its associated disease disseminated globally, particularly through online and social media. Believers in conspiracy theories promote misinformation that the virus is not contagious, is the result of laboratory manipulation or is created to gain profit by distributing new vaccines. The most dangerous effect of this widely disseminated misinformation is it will negatively influence the attitudes and behaviours for preventive measures to contain the outbreak. In this review, I discuss common conspiracy theories associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 and Covid‐19 and consider how we can address and counterbalance these issues based on scientific information and studies.
A robust time‐inconsistent linear‐quadratic problem
Authors: Si Binbin , Ni Yuan‐Hua , Sun Qinglin , Chen Zengqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a deterministic time‐inconsistent linear‐quadratic optimal control with model uncertainty, where nonexponential time discounting appears in the objective functional. If the objective functional is viewed as an output/observation on the lifetime horizon, the disturbance attenuation of this time‐inconsistent linear‐quadratic problem is modelled and solved under the philosophy of minimax optimization, and resorts to a time‐inconsistent zero‐sum linear‐quadratic dynamic game with the controller being a minimizing player and the disturbance being an imaginary maximizing player. The definition of robust mixed equilibrium solution is introduced, whose existence is fully characterized. An example is constructed to show that the mixed equilibrium solution exists for all the initial pairs even though neither the open‐loop equilibrium control nor the feedback equilibrium strategy exists for some initial pairs. Furthermore, for a time‐consistent version of the zero‐sum linear‐quadratic game, another example is presented to indicate the case that the existence of open‐loop time‐consistent equilibrium does not imply the existence of open‐loop precommitted equilibrium.
Optimal stopping for many connected components in a graph
Authors: Lasoń Michał 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study a new optimal stopping problem: Let G be a fixed graph with n vertices which become active on‐line in time, one by another, in a random order. The active part of G is the subgraph induced by the active vertices. Find a stopping algorithm that maximizes the expected number of connected components of the active part of G. We prove that if G is a k‐tree, then there is no asymptotically better algorithm than “wait until fraction of vertices”. The maximum expected number of connected components is equal to
urn:x-wiley:rsa:media:rsa21000:rsa21000-math-0002