bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric validation and meaningful within‐patient change of the Migraine‐Specific Quality of Life questionnaire version 2.1 electronic patient‐reported outcome in patients with episodic and chronic migraine
Authors: Speck Rebecca M. , Yu Ren , Ford Janet H. , Ayer David W. , Bhandari Rohit , Wyrwich Kathleen W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the measurement properties of all three domains of the Migraine‐Specific Quality of Life questionnaire version 2.1 (MSQ v2.1) electronic patient‐reported outcome (ePRO) to assess the functional impact of migraine in patients with episodic or chronic migraine (CM); and identify meaningful within‐patient change thresholds for the Role Function‐Restrictive (RFR), Role Function‐Preventive (RFP), and Emotional Function (EF) domains.MethodsData were drawn from three double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, and randomized Phase 3 clinical studies (episodic migraine [EM]: EVOLVE‐1 and EVOLVE‐2; CM: REGAIN). The psychometric properties of the MSQ v2.1 ePRO domains were demonstrated by evaluating reliability (internal consistency and test–retest), construct validity (convergent and known groups), and responsiveness. Meaningful within‐patient change thresholds for domains were estimated using anchor‐based approaches, supplemented by empirical cumulative distribution function curves and probability density function plots to enable interpretation of meaningful change over 3 months. The Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI‐S) and Patient Global Impression of Improvement served as anchors.ResultsA total of 2,850 patients with either EM (EVOLVE‐1: 851; EVOLVE‐2: 909) or CM (REGAIN: 1,090) were included. The Cronbach's alpha estimates of internal consistency exceeded the recommended threshold of ≥0.70 for all domains from the three studies, indicating adequate internal consistency. Test–retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥0.80 for all domains across all three studies, demonstrating almost perfect agreement. Convergent validity was supported by moderate‐to‐strong correlation (r ≥ 0.30) between all domains of MSQ v2.1 ePRO and studied anchors (Migraine Disability Assessment Score and PGI‐S scores) across all three studies. Known group validity was established between all domains and subgroups of patients stratified by baseline PGI‐S scores and baseline number of monthly migraine headache days for all three studies. The 3‐month meaningful within‐patient change thresholds were the same for EM and CM for RFP: 20.00 and EF: 26.67; and for RFR: 25.71.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that all three domains of the MSQ v2.1 ePRO have sufficient reliability, validity, responsiveness, and appropriate interpretation standards. Our results suggest that MSQ v2.1 ePRO is a well‐defined and reliable patient‐reported outcome instrument that is suitable for use in clinical studies for evaluating the impact of migraine on patient functioning in episodic and CM.
Mismatched response predicts behavioral speech discrimination outcomes in infants with hearing loss and normal hearing
Authors: Uhler Kristin , Hunter Sharon , Gilley Phillip M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChildren with hearing loss (HL) remain at risk for poorer language abilities than normal hearing (NH) children despite targeted interventions; reasons for these differences remain unclear. In NH children, research suggests speech discrimination is related to language outcomes, yet we know little about it in children with HL under the age of 2 years. We utilized a vowel contrast, /a‐i/, and a consonant‐vowel contrast, /ba‐da/, to examine speech discrimination in 47 NH infants and 40 infants with HL. At Mean age =3 months, EEG recorded from 11 scalp electrodes was used to compute the time‐frequency mismatched response (TF‐MMRSE) to the contrasts; at Mean age =9 months, behavioral discrimination was assessed using a head turn task. A machine learning (ML) classifier was used to predict behavioral discrimination when given an arbitrary TF‐MMRSE as input, achieving accuracies of 73% for exact classification and 92% for classification within a distance of one class. Linear fits revealed a robust relationship regardless of hearing status or speech contrast. TF‐MMRSE responses in the delta (1–3.5 Hz), theta (3.5–8 Hz), and alpha (8–12 Hz) bands explained the most variance in behavioral task performance. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using TF‐MMRSE to predict later behavioral speech discrimination.
Epidemiology and seasonality of human parainfluenza serotypes 1‐3 in Australian children
Authors: Greiff Daniel R. L. , Patterson‐Robert Alice , Blyth Christopher C. , Glass Kathryn , Moore Hannah C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundParainfluenza viruses are significant contributors to childhood respiratory illness worldwide, although detailed epidemiological studies are lacking. Few recent Australian studies have investigated serotype‐specific PIV epidemiology, and there is a paucity of southern hemisphere PIV reports. We report age‐stratified PIV hospitalisation rates and a mathematical model of PIV seasonality and dynamics in Western Australia (WA).MethodsWe used linked perinatal, hospital admission and laboratory diagnostic data of 469 589 children born in WA between 1996 and 2012. Age‐specific rates of viral testing and PIV detection in hospitalised children were determined using person time‐at‐risk analysis. PIV seasonality was modelled using a compartmental SEIRS model and complex demodulation methods.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2012, 9% (n = 43 627) of hospitalised children underwent PIV testing, of which 5% (n = 2218) were positive for PIV‐1, 2 or 3. The highest incidence was in children aged 1‐5 months (PIV‐1:62.6 per 100 000 child‐years, PIV‐2:26.3/100 000, PIV‐3:256/100 000), and hospitalisation rates were three times higher for Aboriginal children compared with non‐Aboriginal children overall (IRR: 2.93). PIV‐1 peaked in the autumn of even‐numbered years, and PIV‐3 annually in the spring, whereas PIV‐2 had inconsistent peak timing. Fitting models to the higher incidence serotypes estimated reproduction numbers of 1.24 (PIV‐1) and 1.72 (PIV‐3).ConclusionPIV‐1 and 3 are significant contributors towards infant respiratory hospitalisations. Interventions should prioritise children in the first 6 months of life, with respect to the observed autumn PIV‐1 and spring PIV‐3 activity peaks. Continued surveillance of all serotypes and investigation into PIV‐1 and 3 interventions should be prioritised.
Absence of association between 2019‐20 influenza vaccination and COVID‐19: Results of the European I‐MOVE‐COVID‐19 primary care project, March‐August 2020
Authors: Kissling Esther , Hooiveld Mariëtte , Brytting Mia , Vilcu Ana‐Maria , de Lange Marit , Martínez‐Baz Iván , Sigerson Debbie , Enkirch Theresa , Belhillil Sylvie , Meijer Adam , Castilla Jesus , William Naoma , Carnahan AnnaSara , Falchi Alessandra , Hendriksen Janneke , Casado Itziar , Murray Josie , Enouf Vincent , Dijkstra Frederika , Marques Diogo F. P. , Valenciano Marta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundClaims of influenza vaccination increasing COVID‐19 risk are circulating. Within the I‐MOVE‐COVID‐19 primary care multicentre study, we measured the association between 2019‐20 influenza vaccination and COVID‐19.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre test‐negative case‐control study at primary care level, in study sites in five European countries, from March to August 2020. Patients presenting with acute respiratory infection were swabbed, with demographic, 2019‐20 influenza vaccination and clinical information documented. Using logistic regression, we measured the adjusted odds ratio (aOR), adjusting for study site and age, sex, calendar time, presence of chronic conditions. The main analysis included patients swabbed ≤7 days after onset from the three countries with <15% of missing influenza vaccination. In secondary analyses, we included five countries, using multiple imputation with chained equations to account for missing data.ResultsWe included 257 COVID‐19 cases and 1631 controls in the main analysis (three countries). The overall aOR between influenza vaccination and COVID‐19 was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.66‐1.32). The aOR was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.58‐1.46) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.51‐1.67) among those aged 20‐59 and ≥60 years, respectively. In secondary analyses, we included 6457 cases and 69 272 controls. The imputed aOR was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79‐0.95) among all ages and any delay between swab and symptom onset.ConclusionsThere was no evidence that COVID‐19 cases were more likely to be vaccinated against influenza than controls. Influenza vaccination should be encouraged among target groups for vaccination. I‐MOVE‐COVID‐19 will continue documenting influenza vaccination status in 2020‐21, in order to learn about effects of recent influenza vaccination.
‘It's been adapted rather than impacted’: A qualitative evaluation of the impact of Covid‐19 restrictions on the positive behavioural support of people with an intellectual disability and/or autism
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Murray George C. , Martin Rachel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe used a qualitative approach to explore the experiences of social care staff regarding the provision of positive behavioural support (PBS) to people with an intellectual disability at the height of the Covid‐19 restrictions.MethodWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 19 staff who had recently completed a PBS workforce development programme. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified in the context of the restrictions: The challenges to maintaining quality of life and PBS of the people being supported and staff attempts to overcome these; the ways in which PBS and behaviour support plans were implemented and the impact on behaviours that challenge; the ways in which PBS principles were applied at organisational levels to help to understand and address staff stress and distress.ConclusionsOverall, the staff identified many unexpected benefits of the restrictions. The results are discussed in the context of the study limitations.
Friendship and romance across the U.S. political divide: Hindrance or help for outgroup political attitudes?
Authors: Buliga Elena , MacInnis Cara C. , Hodson Gordon , Biamonte Julia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConsistent with the intergroup contact literature, cross‐political relationships (e.g., friendships or romantic relationships between different partisans) may help reduce inter‐political group prejudice. Given that unfavorable attitudes based on the political group membership are particularly heightened at present in the United States, we explored whether having cross‐political friendships (Study 1) or romantic relationships (Study 2) predict more positive interpersonal or intergroup attitudes among American Democrats and Republicans. In Study 1, using a social network measure (N = 301), where participants reported on their closest friends, cross‐political (versus same‐political) friendship was associated with less positive interpersonal attitudes when this relationship was unsatisfying. Having any (versus no) or more (versus less) cross‐political group friendships was not associated with holding more positive intergroup attitudes. In Study 2, cross‐political romantic relationships were examined (N = 392). Having a cross‐ (versus same‐) political romantic relationship was associated with relatively less positive attitudes toward the political outgroup via lower empathy when relationship satisfaction was low. Study findings highlight the potential limitations of the beneficial effects of intergroup contact.
Effects of a major Amazonian river confluence on the distribution of floodplain forest avifauna
Authors: Laranjeiras Thiago Orsi , Naka Luciano Nicolas , Leite Gabriel Augusto , Cohn‐Haft Mario 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimAlthough ‘river color’ or water type is an important determinant of Amazonian floodplain biodiversity, the relevance of mixing distinct water types at river confluences to the distribution of terrestrial floodplain fauna has been largely overlooked. We investigated how the influx of a sediment‐rich whitewater tributary affects the floodplain forest avifauna along the world's largest blackwater river.LocationNorthwestern Brazilian Amazon.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe sampled floodplain avifauna and retrieved estimates of sediment concentration in the water (the main parameter in river‐water classification) at 52 sites, along the Negro (blackwater) and Branco (whitewater) rivers, above and below their confluence. We compared species richness and composition using analyses of variance, ordinations, generalized linear models and indicator species analyses.ResultsBird species composition on the lower Rio Negro (below the confluence) was distinct from both the upper Negro (above the confluence) and the Branco, and species richness on the Negro increased below the confluence. Typical whitewater bird species occurring on the Branco were found exclusively or predominantly along the left side of the lower Rio Negro, where the Branco's muddy waters seem to be channelled. Overall avian compositional variation among sites was correlated with sediment concentration in the water, a determinant of floodplain forest structure.Main conclusionsThe influx of the muddy waters of the Rio Branco into the Rio Negro promotes the co‐occurrence of bird species that are segregated by river type upstream, increasing species richness at the landscape scale. Rather than just representing a potential blackwater barrier between whitewater systems, the lower Rio Negro comprises a unique biogeographical transition zone, with a mixed avifauna occurring in a mosaic of varied floodplain forest types. Our results suggest that confluences of large rivers of distinct water types represent a significant factor determining species distributional boundaries and geographic patterns of Amazonian floodplain biodiversity.
Phylogenetic structure of European forest vegetation
Authors: Padullés Cubino Josep , Lososová Zdeňka , Bonari Gianmaria , Agrillo Emiliano , Attorre Fabio , Bergmeier Erwin , Biurrun Idoia , Campos Juan A. , Čarni Andraž , Ćuk Mirjana , De Sanctis Michele , Indreica Adrian , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Khanina Larisa , Knollová Ilona , Lenoir Jonathan , Pielech Remigiusz , Rašomavičius Valerijus , Škvorc Željko , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Vassilev Kiril , Willner Wolfgang , Chytrý Milan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims(a) To determine the contribution of current macro‐environmental factors in explaining the phylogenetic structure of European forest vegetation, (b) to map and describe spatial patterns in their phylogenetic structure and (c) to examine which lineages are the most important contributors to phylogenetic clustering and whether their contribution varies across forest types and regions.LocationEurope.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe analysed the phylogenetic structure of 61,816 georeferenced forest vegetation plots across Europe considering alternative metrics either sensitive to basal (ancient evolutionary dynamics) or terminal (recent dynamics) branching in the phylogeny. We used boosted regression trees to model metrics of the phylogenetic structure as a function of current macro‐environmental factors. We also identified clades encompassing significantly more taxa than under random expectation in phylogenetically clustered plots.ResultsPhylogenetic clustering was driven by climatic stress and instability and was strong in the areas glaciated during the Pleistocene, likely reflecting limited postglacial migration, and to a lower extent in areas of northern‐central Europe and in summer‐dry Mediterranean regions. Phylogenetic overdispersion was frequent in the hemiboreal zone in Russia, in some areas around the Mediterranean Basin, and along the Atlantic seaboard of the Iberian Peninsula. The families Ericaceae, Poaceae and Fagaceae were overrepresented in clustered plots in different regions of Europe.Main conclusionsWe provide the first maps and analyses on the phylogenetic structure of European forest vegetation at the plot level. Our results highlight the role of environmental filtering, postglacial dispersal limitation and spatial transitions between major biomes in determining the distribution of plant lineages in Europe.
Expository multimedia comprehension in E‐learning: Presentation format, verbal ability and working memory capacity
Authors: Burin Debora I. , González Federico M. , Martínez Magali , Marrujo Jonathan G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost of the studies establishing factors affecting digital text and multimedia comprehension have been conducted in controlled conditions. The present study sought to test and extend the modality and seductive details effects, and the role of verbal ability and working memory capacity, to a remote, self‐paced, E‐learning scenario. Two hundred and thirteen first‐year undergraduates read or watched videos about scientific expository content in three formats: digital text (written expository texts, navigated in seven screens), presentation video (audio explanation, with written keywords), and presentation video with dynamic decorative images (audio explanation, written keywords, and dynamic decorative and irrelevant images). In a face‐to‐face session, they completed working memory and verbal ability tests. Comprehension performance was similar for the three conditions. For the multimedia videos with dynamic decorative irrelevant images, comprehension depended on working memory capacity. Verbal ability was relevant for both expository text and videos.
Factors associated with hypertension among stroke‐free indigenous Africans: Findings from the SIREN study
Authors: Akpa Onoja M. , Okekunle Akinkunmi P. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Sarfo Fred S. , Akinyemi Rufus O. , Akpalu Albert , Wahab Kolawole W. , Komolafe Morenikeji , Obiako Reginald , Owolabi Lukman F. , Ogbole Godwin , Fawale Bimbo , Fakunle Adekunle , Asaleye Christianah M. , Akisanya Cynthia O. , Hamisu Dambatta A. , Ogunjimi Luqman , Adeoye Abiodun , Ogah Okechukwu , Lackland Dan , Uvere Ezinne O. , Faniyan Moyinoluwalogo M. , Asowata Osahon J. , Adeleye Osimhiarherhuo , Aridegbe Mayowa , Olunuga Taiwo , Yahaya Isah S. , Olaleye Adeniji , Calys‐Tagoe Benedict , Owolabi Mayowa O. ,   the SIREN Study as part of the H3Africa Consortium
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypertension is one of the most important risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) globally. Understanding risk factors for hypertension among individuals with matching characteristics with stroke patients may inform primordial/primary prevention of hypertension and stroke among them. This study identified the risk factors for hypertension among community‐dwelling stroke‐free population in Ghana and Nigeria. Data for 4267 community‐dwelling stroke‐free controls subjects in the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) study in Nigeria and Ghana were used. Participants were comprehensively assessed for sociodemographic, lifestyle and metabolic factors using standard methods. Hypertension was defined as a previous diagnosis by a health professional or use of an anti‐hypertensive drug or mean systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of hypertension and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) at p < .05. Overall, 56.7% of the participants were hypertensive with a higher proportion among respondents aged ≥60 years (53.0%). Factors including physical inactivity (aOR: 9.09; 95% CI: 4.03 to 20.53, p < .0001), diabetes (aOR: 2.70; CI: 1.91 to 3.82, p < .0001), being ≥60 years (aOR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.78 to 2.77, p < .0001), and family history of CVD (aOR 2.02; CI: 1.59 to 2.56, p < .0001) were associated with increased aOR of hypertension. Lifestyle factors were associated with hypertension in the current population of community‐dwelling stroke‐free controls in west Africa. Community‐oriented interventions to address sedentary lifestyles may benefit this population and reduce/prevent hypertension and stroke among them.
Sex‐specific associations between life‐history traits and a novel reproductive polymorphism in the Pacific field cricket
Authors: Richardson Jon , Heinen‐Kay Justa L. , Zuk Marlene 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAssociations between heritable polymorphisms and life‐history traits, such as development time or reproductive investment, may play an underappreciated role in maintaining polymorphic systems. This is because selection acting on a particular morph could be bolstered or disrupted by correlated changes in life history or vice versa. In a Hawaiian population of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus), a novel mutation (flatwing) on the X‐chromosome is responsible for a heritable polymorphism in male wing structure. We used laboratory cricket colonies fixed for male wing morph to investigate whether males and females bearing the flatwing or normal‐wing (wild‐type) allele differed in their life‐history traits. We found that flatwing males developed faster and had heavier testes than normal‐wings, whereas flatwing homozygous females developed slower and had lighter reproductive tissues than normal‐wing homozygous females. Our results advance our understanding of the evolution of polymorphisms by demonstrating that the genetic change responsible for a reproductive polymorphism can also have consequences for fundamental life‐history traits in both males and females.
Oxidative and radiation stress induces transposable element transcription in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: de Oliveira Daniel Siqueira , Rosa Marcos Trindade , Vieira Cristina , Loreto Elgion L. S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt has been shown that stressors are capable of activating transposable elements (TEs). Currently, there is a hypothesis that stress activation of TEs may be involved in adaptive evolution, favouring the increase in genetic variability when the population is under adverse conditions. However, TE activation under stress is still poorly understood. In the present study, we estimated the fraction of differentially expressed TEs (DETEs) under ionizing radiation (144, 360 and 864 Gy) and oxidative stress (dioxin, formaldehyde and toluene) treatments. The stress intensity of each treatment was estimated by measuring the number of differentially expressed genes, and we show that several TEs families are activated by stress whereas others are repressed. The proportion of DETEs was positively related to stress intensity. However, even under the strongest stress, only a small fraction of TE families were activated (9.28%) and 17.72% were repressed. Considering all treatments together, the activated proportion was 19.83%. Nevertheless, as several TEs are incomplete or degenerated, only 10.55% of D. melanogaster mobilome is, at same time, activated by the stressors and able to transpose or at least code a protein. Thus, our study points out that although stress activates TEs, it is not a generalized activation process, and for some families, the stress induces repression.