bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel homozygous variant in C1QBP causes severe IUGR, edema, and cardiomyopathy in two fetuses
Authors: Alstrup Morten , Vogel Ida , Sandager Puk , Blechingberg Jenny , Becher Naja , Østergaard Elsebet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe C1QBP protein (complement component 1 Q subcomponent‐binding protein), encoded by the C1QBP gene, is a multifunctional protein predominantly localized in the mitochondrial matrix. Biallelic variants have previously been shown to give rise to combined respiratory‐chain deficiencies with variable phenotypic presentation, severity, and age at onset, from intrauterine with a mostly lethal course, to a late‐onset mild myopathy. We present two fetuses, one male and one female, of first‐cousin parents, with severe intrauterine growth retardation, oligo/anhydramnios, edema, and cardiomyopathy as the most prominent prenatal symptoms. Both fetuses showed no copy number variants by chromosome microarray analysis. Analysis of a fibroblast culture from one of the fetuses showed deficiency of respiratory chain complex IV, and using exome sequencing, we identified homozygosity for a novel variant in C1QBP in both fetuses. To our knowledge, only six patients with pathogenic variants in C1QBP have been reported previously and with this report, we add a novel pathogenic variant in C1QBP found in two related fetuses.
Healthcare disparities among anticoagulation therapies for severe COVID‐19 patients in the multi‐site VIRUS registry
Authors: Kirkup Christian , Pawlowski Colin , Puranik Arjun , Conrad Ian , O'Horo John C. , Gomaa Dina , Banner‐Goodspeed Valerie M , Mosier Jarrod M , Zabolotskikh Igor Borisovich , Daugherty Steven K. , Bernstein Michael A. , Zaren Howard A. , Bansal Vikas , Pickering Brian , Badley Andrew D. , Kashyap Rahul , Venkatakrishnan A. J. , Soundararajan Venky 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere we analyze hospitalized andintensive care unit coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patient outcomes from the international VIRUS registry (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04323787). We find that COVID‐19 patients administered unfractionated heparin but not enoxaparin have a higher mortality‐rate (390 of 1012 = 39%) compared to patients administered enoxaparin but not unfractionated heparin (270 of 1939 = 14%), presenting a risk ratio of 2.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.42, 3.16]; p = 4.45e−52). This difference persists even after balancing on a number of covariates including demographics, comorbidities, admission diagnoses, and method of oxygenation, with an increased mortality rate on discharge from the hospital of 37% (268 of 733) for unfractionated heparin versus 22% (154 of 711) for enoxaparin, presenting a risk ratio of 1.69 (95% CI: [1.42, 2.00]; p = 1.5e−8). In these balanced cohorts, a number of complications occurred at an elevated rate for patients administered unfractionated heparin compared to patients administered enoxaparin, including acute kidney injury, acute cardiac injury, septic shock, and anemia. Furthermore, a higher percentage of Black/African American COVID patients (414 of 1294 [32%]) were noted to receive unfractionated heparin compared to White/Caucasian COVID patients (671 of 2644 [25%]), risk ratio 1.26 (95% CI: [1.14, 1.40]; p = 7.5e−5). After balancing upon available clinical covariates, this difference in anticoagulant use remained statistically significant (311 of 1047 [30%] for Black/African American vs. 263 of 1047 [25%] for White/Caucasian, p = .02, risk ratio 1.18; 95% CI: [1.03, 1.36]). While retrospective studies cannot suggest any causality, these findings motivate the need for follow‐up prospective research into the observed racial disparity in anticoagulant use and outcomes for severe COVID‐19 patients.
Registration of Tx3440 through Tx3482 sorghum germplasm
Authors: Rosenow D. T. , Clark L. E. , Peterson G. C. , Odvody G. N. , Rooney W. L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm lines Tx3440–Tx3482 (Reg. no. GP‐900–GP‐942, PI 695271–PI 695313) were developed and released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Lubbock, TX, in 2020. Breeding crosses from these lines were made in Lubbock, TX, with grow‐out and selection of subsequent generations completed in breeding nurseries throughout Texas over a period of years. Once selected, these lines were test for agronomic performance in replicated trials across multiple locations and years. Within the set, Tx3340–Tx3482 represent diverse pedigrees and an array of combinations of grain color, plant color, and other agronomic traits. The lines are individually resistant to selected abiotic (pre‐ and/or post‐flowering drought) stress and biotic stress (grain weathering caused by diverse genera that include Fusarium spp., Curvularia spp., and Alternaria spp.; and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sublineola). These lines provide the sorghum industry with sources of drought tolerance, grain weathering, and anthracnose resistance in a diverse array of elite genetic backgrounds for use as seed parent lines for hybrid production and for new line development.
Proteomic profiling in extracellular vesicles for cancer detection and monitoring
Authors: Xue Vivian Weiwen , Yang Chenxi , Wong Sze Chuen Cesar , Cho William Chi Shing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer‐size lipid vesicles released by cells, which play essential biological functions in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs participate in cancer development, including invasion, migration, metastasis, and cancer immune modulation. One of the key mechanisms is that EVs affect different cells in the tumor microenvironment through surface‐anchor proteins and protein cargos. Moreover, proteins specifically expressed in tumor‐derived EVs can be applied in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Besides, the EV proteome also helps to understand drug resistance in cancers and to guide clinical medication. With the development of mass spectrometry and array‐based multi‐protein detection, the research of EV proteomics has entered a new era. The high‐throughput parallel proteomic profiling based on these new platforms allows us to study the impact of EV proteome on cancer progression more comprehensively and to describe the proteomic landscape in cancers with more details. In this article, we review the role and function of different types of EVs in cancer progression. More importantly, we summarize the proteomic profiling of EVs based on different methods and the application of EV proteome in cancer detection and monitoring.
Efficient Hydrogen Evolution on Nanoscale Graphdiyne
Authors: Hui Lan , Xue Yurui , Liu Yuxin , Li Yuliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelf‐active metal‐free graphdiyne (GDY) is used, which has a precise chemical structure, as a model carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalyst to assess its activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and to understand the origin of electrocatalytic performance at the atomic level. The studies reveal that the unusual electrocatalytic properties of GDY originate from its unique nanostructure, which can simultaneously provide highly active sites for hydrogen adsorption and facilitate the electron‐transfer process for proton reduction. Accordingly, GDY can act as a metal‐free efficient HER electrocatalyst with Pt‐like HER activity, but with long‐term durability superior to that of Pt/C under the wide pH range (from acidic to basic). To the best of knowledge, such HER performance is better than that of other reported metal‐free electrocatalysts and most transition‐metal electrocatalysts—even Pt‐based ones.
Linkage Between Agriculture, Poverty and Malnutrition in India
Authors: Gulati Ashok , Roy Ranjana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the high economic growth rate over the last 10–15 years, a large section of the population remains undernourished. This has raised questions regarding the quality of India’s growth story, especially in terms of its inclusiveness, and its impact on the poor and the malnourished.
n-Propyl 6-amino-2,6-dideoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-d-glucopyranoside is a good inhibitor for the β-galactosidase from E. coli
Authors: Serbian Immo , Prell Erik , Fischer Claudia , Deigner Hans-Peter , Csuk René 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA convenient route has been developed for the synthesis of novel 6-amino-2,2-(or 3,3-difluoro)-2-(or 3),6-dideoxy-hexopyranoses. Biological screening showed these compounds as good inhibitors for several glycosidases. Especially n-propyl 6-amino-2,6-dideoxy-2,2-difluoro-β-d-glucopyranoside (8) was an excellent competitive inhibitor for the β-galactosidase from E. coli holding a Ki of 0.50 μM.
Aktuelle dermatologische Leitlinien in Deutschland und Europa
Authors: Nast A. , Werner R. N. , Dressler C. , Zidane M. , Heratizadeh A. , Gaskins M. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungMedizinische Leitlinien sind systematisch entwickelte Entscheidungshilfen für die angemessene Vorgehensweise bei speziellen gesundheitlichen Problemen. Dermatologische Leitlinien in Deutschland werden führend von der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft in Kooperation mit dem Berufsverband Deutscher Dermatologen herausgegeben. Darüber hinaus werden auch europäische und internationale dermatologische Leitlinien erstellt, u. a. durch das im Jahr 2018 vom European Dermatology Forum gegründete European Centre for Guidelines Development. In den Jahren 2019 und 2020 wurden unter anderem deutsche Leitlinien zu den Themen pathologische Narben (hypertrophe Narben und Keloide), kutaner Lupus erythematodes, Pyoderma gangraenosum, analer Pruritus, Analekzem, Analkanal- und Analrandkarzinome, Impfprävention HPV(humane Papillomviren)-assoziierter Neoplasien sowie Syphilis und Systemtherapie bei Neurodermitis überarbeitet oder neu erstellt. Auf der europäischen Ebene schließt die Leitlinie zum Lichen planus eine in Deutschland noch bestehende Lücke der vorhandenen Leitlinien. Schlüsselempfehlungen und wesentliche Neuerungen in den Leitlinien werden hier vorgestellt.
Tool wear monitoring in roughing and finishing processes based on machine internal data
Authors: Xi Tiandong , Benincá Igor Medeiros , Kehne Sebastian , Fey Marcel , Brecher Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData analytics plays a significant role in the realization of Industry 4.0. By generating context-related persistent datasets, every manufacturing process in real production becomes an experiment. The vision of Internet of Production (IoP) is to enable real-time diagnosis and prediction in smart productions by acquiring datasets seamlessly from different data silos. This requires interdisciplinary collaboration and domain-specific expertise. In this paper, we present a novel tool wear monitoring system for milling process developed in the context of IoP. This system is based on high-frequency data from the numerical control of the production machine without additional sensors. The novelty of this paper lies in the introduction of virtual workpiece quality and fusion of multiple build-in sensor signals and a force model as decision support. This bridges the time gap between quality inspection and production at the shop floor level, establishes an automated statistical process control system, and provides a more plausible prediction of tool lifetime. The monitoring of two different milling processes in a real production environment is exemplary demonstrated in this paper. The first case is a face roughing process with the aim of rapidly removing large amounts of material. The second case is a face finishing operation that follows roughing and aims to achieve the desired surface quality.
Bedeutung der Fertilitätschirurgie bei Kinderwunsch
Authors: Toth B. , Feil K. , Zippl A. L. , Vomstein K. , Strowitzki T. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung der Fertilitätschirurgie bei Kinderwunsch kann vielfach aufgrund fehlender eigener Erfahrung während der Facharztweiterbildung nicht erfasst werden, da nur an wenigen Zentren eine spezifische operative Ausbildung erfolgt. Neben der Abklärung anatomischer Fehlbildungen mittels Hysteroskopie bzw. Laparoskopie gehört die operative Myom- und Endometriosebehandlung zu den Standardverfahren der Fertilitätschirurgie. Hier ist die Erfahrung der Reproduktionsmediziner gefragt, damit unter maximaler Schonung der Ovarreserve ein bestmöglichstes Ergebnis hinsichtlich Endometriosesanierung bzw. Myomenukleation erreicht wird. Die Abklärung der Tubendurchgängigkeit mit Chromopertubation ist nach wie vor Goldstandard, auch wenn im ambulanten Sektor vorwiegend nichtoperative Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen. Die diagnostische und gegebenenfalls operative Hysteroskopie dient der Beurteilung des Endometriums und erlaubt den Ausschluss von Entzündungsprozessen oder dem Vorliegen von Polypen.
Larval response to frass and guaiacol: detection of an attractant produced by bacteria from Spodoptera littoralis frass
Authors: Revadi Santosh V. , Giannuzzi Vito Antonio , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Walker William B. , Becher Paul G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarval frass in herbivorous lepidopterans is mainly composed of plant-derived material and microbes from the gut. Despite the fact that frass from conspecific larvae repels female moths in Spodoptera littoralis from oviposition, the role of frass volatiles on larval foraging behavior is largely unknown. Here, we show that larvae of S. littoralis walk upwind to larval frass volatiles in a wind tunnel assay. We identified the frass volatile guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) as key ligand for the S. littoralis odorant receptor (OR) SlitOr59 which we expressed heterologously. We isolated guaiacol-producing bacteria identified as Serratia marcescens from frass of larvae that were fed on cotton, and Enterobacter cloacae, E. ludwigii and Klebsiella sp. from frass derived from cabbage-fed larvae. In addition to guaiacol, we also identified volatiles acetoin, 3-methyl-1-butanol and dimethyl disulfide, in large proportions in headspace collections from the bacteria. A Y-tube olfactometer assay showed that fourth instar S. littoralis larvae are attracted to guaiacol. Moreover, cotton leaves treated with the insecticide Spinosad and guaiacol were highly attractive to the larvae. Our results provide a basis for management of the pest by directly targeting larvae, based on an attract-and-kill strategy. Further studies are needed to test the application of guaiacol for semiochemical-based pest management of Spodoptera pest species.
A new diatom training set for the reconstruction of past water pH in the Tatra Mountain lakes
Authors: Sienkiewicz Elwira , Gąsiorowski Michał , Hamerlík Ladislav , Bitušík Peter , Stańczak Joanna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLakes located in the Polish and Slovak parts of the Tatra Mountains were included in the Tatra diatom database (POL_SLOV training set). The relationship between the diatoms and the water chemistry in the surface sediments of 33 lakes was the basis for the statistical and numerical techniques for quantitative pH reconstruction. The reconstruction of the past water pH was performed using the alpine (AL:PE) and POL_SLOV training sets to compare the reliability of the databases for the Tatra lakes. The results showed that the POL_SLOV training set had better statistical parameters (R2 higher by 0.16, RMSE and max. bias lower by 0.2 and 0.36, respectively) compared to the AL:PE training set. The better performance of the POL_SLOV training set is particularly visible in the case of Przedni Staw Polski where the curve of the inferred water pH shows an opposite trend for the period from the 1960s to 1990 compared to that based on the AL:PE dataset. The reliability of the inferred pH was confirmed by the comparison with current instrumental measurements.
Direct Reprogramming of Somatic Cells to Neurons: Pros and Cons of Chemical Approach
Authors: Mollinari Cristiana , Merlo Daniela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTranslating successful preclinical research in neurodegenerative diseases into clinical practice has been difficult. The preclinical disease models used for testing new drugs not always appear predictive of the effects of the agents in the human disease state. Human induced pluripotent stem cells, obtained by reprogramming of adult somatic cells, represent a powerful system to study the molecular mechanisms of the disease onset and pathogenesis. However, these cells require a long time to differentiate into functional neural cells and the resetting of epigenetic information during reprogramming, might miss the information imparted by age. On the contrary, the direct conversion of somatic cells to neuronal cells is much faster and more efficient, it is safer for cell therapy and allows to preserve the signatures of donors’ age. Direct reprogramming can be induced by lineage-specific transcription factors or chemical cocktails and represents a powerful tool for modeling neurological diseases and for regenerative medicine. In this Commentary we present and discuss strength and weakness of several strategies for the direct cellular reprogramming from somatic cells to generate human brain cells which maintain age‐related features. In particular, we describe and discuss chemical strategy for cellular reprogramming as it represents a valuable tool for many applications such as aged brain modeling, drug screening and personalized medicine.
A comparative study of national variations of the European WEEE directive: manufacturer’s view
Authors: Andersen Terje 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe are facing the challenge of rapid growth in waste from electrical products (e-waste). In Europe, handling e-waste is regulated by the European Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive, which is based on the extended producer responsibility (EPR) model as a regulatory tool forcing manufacturers and importers to take responsibility for their products throughout their lifecycles. However, the directive allows for great variations in implementations in each country, causing e-manufacturers and e-waste handling operators to face challenges in their transition to more sustainable operations. To identify the challenges involved, this study investigates the effect of the WEEE directive from a manufacturer’s perspective. A case study of an e-manufacturer operating subsidiaries in several European countries and the associated producer responsibility organizations (PROs) is presented. The case study includes interviews from 17 stakeholders in 12 organizations in eight European countries. Key findings are as follows. First, the WEEE data reported are not harmonized. Second, the calculations of the environmental fee differ across countries. Third, following up on different national WEEE obligations sometimes leads to over-reporting to avoid negative effects on environmental corporate social responsibility, brand reputation, and profitability. Fourth, outsourcing end-of-life (EoL) treatment responsibility to PROs is seen as positive by the manufacturer but results in a decoupling of the EPR and the operational EoL treatment, which may reduce efforts to transfer to a higher circularity level of its EEE products. Fifth, WEEE is considered a way for e-manufacturers to handle waste not to adopt a circular focus. This paper contributes to both practitioners and researchers within reverse logistics and sustainability by adding knowledge from real-life context of how EPR is implemented in WEEE.
Employment of an Extended Double-Integrating-Sphere System to Investigate Thermo-optical Material Properties for Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Schuffenhauer Thomas , Stichel Thomas , Schmidt Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe optical energy input during laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers (PBF-LB/P) is influenced by a variety of process parameters (e.g., energy density) and powder material properties (e.g. optical properties, additives). Qualification of newly developed and/or modified powder materials still requires extensive, empirical parameter studies to assess processibility and find suitable process strategies. For powder characterization, a double-integrating-sphere system with an intervening hot stage, which allows accurate sample heating during the measurement of the optical properties, is presented and described. For qualification of the system and the associated characterization method for the PBF-LB/P process, the interaction of a collimated CO2 laser beam with selected polyamide powder materials during heating and cooling is investigated. The obtained results illustrate the suitability of the presented thermo-optical characterization technique, i.e., the temperature-dependent measurement of radiation reflected by and transmitted through the samples, for the systematical investigation of material-related (i.e., additives) and process-related (i.e., preheating temperature, layer height) influences on the beam-matter interaction.
Lives that Matter: Criminology and Global Security Inequality
Authors: Franko Katja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIdeals of universalism and the idea that all lives are equally valuable, and should be equally worthy of protection, form a standard narrative for human rights regimes and international legal instruments. However, realities on the ground are marked by social arrangements where lives are de facto unequally protected. The article addresses one of the central criminological concepts and perspectives—that of inequality—and examines possible avenues for theorizing the dynamics of global security inequality. How well equipped is criminology to address the underlying processes of social stratification which shape decisions about whose life gets to be protected, and by what means? What might a global understanding of inequality look like? To what extent do existing concepts for analyzing inequality enhance or impede our understanding of global social cleavages?
Measuring the Rural Continuum in Political Science
Authors: Nemerever Zoe , Rogers Melissa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent accounts of American politics focus heavily on urban–rural gaps in political behavior. Rural politics research is growing but may be stymied by difficulties defining and measuring which Americans qualify as “rural.” We discuss theoretical and empirical challenges to studying rurality. Much existing research has been inattentive to conceptualization and measurement of rural geography. We focus on improving estimation of different notions of rurality and provide a new dataset on urban–rural measurement of U.S. state legislative districts. We scrutinize construct validity and measurement in two studies of rural politics. First, we replicate Flavin and Franko (2020,Political Behavior, 845–864) to demonstrate empirical results may be sensitive to measurement of rural residents. Second, we use Mummolo and Nall’s (2017,The Journal of Politics, 45–59) survey data to show rural self-identification is not well-captured with objective, place-based classifications, suggesting a rethinking of theoretical and empirical accounts of rural identity. We conclude with strategies for operationalizing rurality using readily available tools.
Maximal prime homomorphic images of mod-p Iwasawa algebras
Authors: WOODS WILLIAM 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLet k be a finite field of characteristic p, and G a compact p-adic analytic group. Write kG for the completed group ring of G over k. In this paper, we describe the structure of the ring kG/P, where P is a minimal prime ideal of kG. We give an explicit isomorphism between kG/P and a matrix ring with coefficients in the ring
${(k'G')_\alpha }$
, where
$k'/k$
is a finite field extension,
$G'$
is a large subquotient of G with no finite normal subgroups, and (–)α is a “twisting” operation that preserves many desirable properties of the ring structure. We demonstrate the usefulness of this isomorphism by studying the correspondence induced between certain ideals of kG and those of
${(k'G')_\alpha }$
, and showing that this preserves many useful “group-theoretic” properties of ideals, in particular almost-faithfulness and control by a closed normal subgroup.