bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two‐stage, fault‐controlled paleofluid system at the southern termination of the Gypsum Valley salt wall, Paradox Basin, Colorado, USA
Authors: Lueck Lillian R. , Fischer Mark P. , Williams Nicholas J. , Drost Kerstin , Dodd Justin P. , Chew David M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study combines field structural analysis with thin‐section petrography, U‐Pb dating, and strontium, carbon and oxygen isotopic analysis of calcite fracture fills to constrain the evolution of the 2‐5 km scale paleofluid system around the faulted, plunging fold nose comprising the southern termination of the Gypsum Valley salt wall in the Paradox Basin, U.S.A. Brittle deformation in this region began with the formation of a down‐to‐the‐northeast, counter‐regional fault and then progressed into jointing and faulting in a radial pattern, followed by jointing in a concentric pattern. Coupled with increases in fracture abundance toward the faults, multiple stages of mineralization suggest that the faults served as efficient and long‐lived conduits for vertical fluid migration. Although fracture cement textures and calcite colour are variable throughout the area, the distribution of these characteristics does not correlate with fracture orientation, relative age, stratigraphic or structural position. Irrespective of the type of calcite comprising the fracture cements, δ13C values average near −7‰ (VPDB), whereas δ18O values cluster into groups whose averages are roughly 6‰ apart, with the more negative grouping stratigraphically restricted to fracture cements in Jurassic rocks. The stratigraphic segregation of δ18O values suggests the paleofluid system contained two distinct paleofluids, a more recent one comprised of meteoric waters and an older one comprising brine that originated in Pennsylvanian strata. 87Sr/86Sr ratios in fracture‐filling calcite cements indicate that the older fluid underwent fluid‐rock interaction with Permian strata and that this evolved fluid migrated upwards along the faults until the Triassic or Jurassic. Thereafter, fluid migrating along the faults was more meteoric and appears to have migrated downward along the faults, where it interacted with Permian strata. Consistent U‐Pb dates from carbonates precipitated from the older fluid suggest this stage of the paleofluid system was active around 240 Ma. Local burial history models and published temperatures for fracture cements elsewhere in the basin suggest the younger stage of the paleofluid system occurred during the Latest Cretaceous to Oligocene. This study highlights the spatial and temporal complexity of fluid systems in the vicinity of salt structures and emphasises the need to interpret them through careful integration of high resolution stratigraphic and structural data in the context of evolving salt tectonics.
Social capital and oral health in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Knorst Jessica K. , Tomazoni Fernanda , Sfreddo Camila S. , Vettore Mario V. , Hesse Daniela , Ardenghi Thiago M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically evaluate the association of individual and contextual social capital with oral health outcomes in children and adolescents.MethodsElectronic searches were performed in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases for articles published from 1966 up to June 2021. Two calibrated reviewers screened and critically appraised the identified papers. Observational studies that evaluated the relationship of individual or/and contextual social capital or their proxies with oral health outcomes in children and adolescents using validated methods were included. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were extracted for narrative synthesis and meta‐analysis followed by a meta‐regression model. Meta‐analysis using random effects method was used to estimate pooled prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOf the 3060 studies initially retrieved, 31 were included in the systematic review and 21 in the meta‐analysis, totalling 81 241 individuals. The clinical outcomes included dental caries and gingival bleeding and subjective outcomes were oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self‐rated oral health (SROH). Individuals with lower levels of individual social capital had a higher prevalence of poor clinical (PR 1.11; 95%CI 1.02–1.22) and subjective (PR 1.25; 95%CI 1.09–1.45) oral health conditions. The prevalence of worse clinical (PR 1.34; 95%CI 1.11–1.61) and subjective (PR 1.56; 95%CI 1.13–2.16) oral health outcomes were also associated with lower levels of contextual social capital. In general, the contextual level of social capital exerted more impact, and the subjective oral health outcomes were the more affected.ConclusionsContextual and individual social capital were positively related to oral health outcomes, such as dental caries, gingival bleeding, SROH and OHRQoL in children and adolescents.
One‐year prospective study on single short (7‐mm) implant overdentures in patients with severely resorbed mandibles
Authors: Ala Lucas Alvarenga Balduino , Nogueira Túlio Eduardo , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using a single short implant to retain a single‐implant mandibular overdenture (SIMO) in participants with severely atrophic edentulous mandibles.Material and MethodsThe study sample included 18 edentulous participants with severely resorbed mandibular ridges and limited bone height in the symphyseal region sufficient for the insertion of a 7.0‐mm‐height implant. First, patients received new conventional dentures or had their dentures relined, followed by the insertion of a 3.75 x 7 mm morse‐taper implant, and the incorporation of a stud‐type attachment and a nylon retentive insert after a 3‐month healing period. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured at baseline and after 3 and 12 months. Patient‐reported outcomes (satisfaction with the dentures and oral health‐related quality of life) were assessed before implant placement and at the 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐ups. Clinical‐radiographic outcomes and the incidence of prosthodontic events were assessed throughout the follow‐up period.ResultsThe implant survival rate was 100%. ISQ increased from baseline (72.7 ± 6.6) to the 3‐month (82.0 ± 3.3) and 1‐year (85.4 ± 2.9) follow‐ups (p < .001). After 1 year, satisfaction with the mandibular prosthesis increased significantly, and the overall OHIP‐Edent score decreased by 79.2%. No effects were found for the maxillary denture (p = .420). Due to dissatisfaction with treatment, two participants (11.1%) required additional implants after the 1‐year follow‐up and were considered as prosthodontic failures.ConclusionSingle‐implant mandibular overdenture retained by a short implant showed favorable outcomes after 1 year. Further studies with larger samples and longer follow‐up periods are needed to confirm the findings of this single‐group prospective study.The present study was registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC), identifier RBR‐7p2xmg. The trial registry occurred during the study execution, and its final approval was delayed because of several formatting adequacies required by the platform REBEC.
Saving Bavarian Hops in a “Parallel Universe”: Lessons on the Biopolitics of Agricultural Labor in Germany During the Corona Pandemic
Authors: Schneider Marlise Horvath , Gugganig Mascha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen countries closed their borders to curb the spread of COVID‐19 in spring 2020, seasonal migrant workers in agriculture were either unable to travel or faced unsafe conditions when performing “essential” field work. Some countries, like Germany, subsequently implemented policies to let them travel to work, and simultaneously, called on their residents to temporarily help farmers harvest crops. This paper explores the case of these temporary pandemic workers on Bavarian hops farms. Based on ethnographic research and interviews, this paper discusses the complex relationships between temporary pandemic workers, farmers, and the mostly absent seasonal workers in the exceptional moment of a global pandemic. We argue that in the state of exception of the Corona pandemic in Germany, biopolitical sorting highlighted migrant workers’ indispensability and disposability in a peculiar way: their short‐term replaceability through recruited temporary pandemic workers formed a self‐ascribed “parallel universe” or “Coronal bubble”. Through new encounters (with farmers) and hands‐on experiences in agricultural fields, the parallel universe often also meant uncomfortable insights into an unjust agricultural system. For those widely unexposed to agriculture, the state of exception revealed both the general and temporary biopolitics of seasonal migrant workers in agriculture and the key role they play for German agriculture as a whole.
How school life with international students develops the intercultural competence of domestic dental students
Authors: Oka Hiroko , Taji Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionReflecting multicultural society, the diversity of the healthcare professional students' ethnicities and cultures is promoted around the world. However, most of the healthcare professional education in Japan had been targeted mainly at students who follow the Japanese language and culture. The aim of this study is to clarify what Japanese dental students have culturally experienced and how they developed intercultural competence during their school life with international dental students in Japan.Materials and MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 18 of the sixth‐grade students in standard Japanese undergraduate dental programmes who shared required classes in Japan with non‐Japanese‐speaking international dental students in preclinical programmes. Based on the qualitative analysis of the interviews, we administered a questionnaire survey to 82 dental trainees (the seventh grade) in clinical training programmes who just graduated from various Japanese dental schools. Then, the answers of the questionnaire were statically analysed.ResultsThe interview identified a total of 37 constituent elements regarding “students' attitudes and experiences in school days” and “perceptions and motivations.” Analysis of the questionnaire showed that the group experiencing a learning environment with international students had various communication with and respect for their various classmates and had the ambition to develop themselves. Especially, the participants who had international experiences both in and out of classrooms showed more active attitude on intercultural communication.ConclusionsOverall, for Japanese dental students, daily contact with international students gave direct and indirect cross‐cultural experiences and recognitions. In particular, the Japanese students were stimulated active perceptions. The findings of this study can be used for future discussion about the cross‐cultural education and collaboration of healthcare professionals not only within Japan but also around the world.
The relevance of genetic structure in ecotype designation and conservation management
Authors: Stronen Astrid V. , Norman Anita J. , Vander Wal Eric , Paquet Paul C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe concept of ecotypes is complex, partly because of its interdisciplinary nature, but the idea is intrinsically valuable for evolutionary biology and applied conservation. The complex nature of ecotypes has spurred some confusion and inconsistencies in the literature, thereby limiting broader theoretical development and practical application. We provide suggestions for how incorporating genetic analyses can ease confusion and help define ecotypes. We approach this by systematically reviewing 112 publications across taxa that simultaneously mention the terms ecotype, conservation and management, to examine the current use of the term in the context of conservation and management. We found that most ecotype studies involve fish, mammals and plants with a focus on habitat use, which at 60% was the most common criterion used for categorization of ecotypes. Only 53% of the studies incorporated genetic analyses, and major discrepancies in available genomic resources among taxa could have contributed to confusion about the role of genetic structure in delineating ecotypes. Our results show that the rapid advances in genetic methods, also for nonmodel organisms, can help clarify the spatiotemporal distribution of adaptive and neutral genetic variation and their relevance to ecotype designations. Genetic analyses can offer empirical support for the ecotype concept and provide a timely measure of evolutionary potential, especially in changing environmental conditions. Genetic variation that is often difficult to detect, including polygenic traits influenced by small contributions from several genes, can be vital for adaptation to rapidly changing environments. Emerging ecotypes may signal speciation in progress, and findings from genome‐enabled organisms can help clarify important selective factors driving ecotype development and persistence, and thereby improve preservation of interspecific genetic diversity. Incorporation of genetic analyses in ecotype studies will help connect evolutionary biology and applied conservation, including that of problematic groups such as natural hybrid organisms and urban or anthropogenic ecotypes.
Restructuring masculinities and reshaping inequalities: Negotiations of (gendered) sales work and relations in an industrial organization
Authors: Johansson Kristina , Andersson Elias , Johansson Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProfessional business‐to‐business sales work and relations tend to be interlinked with structures and symbols of certain forms of masculinity. From interviews held with office staff employed by a large male‐dominated company in the Swedish base industry, this study explores how the gendering of sales work is enabled and contested in relation to the practices and processes of specific organizations. The presented findings show how negotiations of “good sales” involve contestations of specific gendering practices and of the value of sales work, sales relations and underlying organizational values and control. As a result, homosocial behaviors and masculine ideals associated with the salesperson no longer hold privileged positions in organizations. However, it was the individual salespersons and their behavior that were put forward as the primary problem rather than the organizational practices and processes providing men with power, space and subjectivity. Thus, the negotiations of sales work and relations seem to lead not to disruptions but to a restructuring of masculinities and to a reshaping of organizational inequalities in a company.
Developing Data‐Rich Video of Surface Water–Groundwater Interactions for Public Engagement
Authors: Christenson Catherine , Hart David J. , Cardiff Michael , Richmond Susan , Fratta Dante 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCommunication of hydrologic data to the public can be improved by connecting data to the places they represent. In our example of data communication, we coupled hydrologic data with simultaneously collected video as both a scientific and public engagement tool. This note presents a method for collecting spatially and temporally dense datasets of water‐quality and geophysical data on small streams and lakes, and for displaying the data in a user‐friendly format using commercially available software. With this method, multiple instruments are mounted on a canoe and a controlled survey float is carried out to collect data. The data stream is georeferenced and logged using an Arduino microcontroller to provide detailed information about spatial variability. We employed these continuous data‐collection methods at small streams and lakes across Wisconsin, USA. Comparison of stream‐float sensor data to lab reported data, data collected by alternative sensors, and previously collected data in our study areas indicates that the low‐cost temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen sensors performed well. GoPro cameras recorded video throughout the duration of data collection. Our established water‐quality and geophysical data collection methods are inexpensive, fast, and reliable, which qualify them as excellent tools for fine‐scale spatial understanding of stream and lake habitats' health. Data‐rich video connects point measurements of water properties to the appearance of the native environment. This method helps improve our understanding of groundwater and surface water interactions in complex hydrogeologic systems, enhance communication amongst stakeholders, and provide context when monitoring and managing sensitive habitats.
Planning for a Multi‐Well Artificial Recharge Field in Kuwait with the Help of Numerical Modeling
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Amitabha , Akber Adnan , Al‐Saaidi Mashal , Aladwani Abdullah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKuwait, an arid country, wants to have a reserve of water for emergency use and has planned to create an underground reserve of water through multi‐well artificial recharge at Kabd area. Numerical modeling of different recharge–recovery scenarios was carried out to chalk out an optimum strategy for implementation of the project. These scenario runs suggested that apart from the aquifer parameters and the quality of the groundwater and the recharge water, the well spacing and well construction, orientation of the field with respect to the prevailing hydraulic gradient, and the injection and the pumping schedule would determine the overall recovery efficiency of the setup. For the selected site, following strategies were found to have positive impact on meeting the goals of the creation of a reserve of water for use in an emergency: (1) during the reserve creation stage, simultaneous recharge and pumping through alternate wells; (2) the compensation of the water lost from the reserve created due to the flow down the hydraulic gradient during the waiting period; and (3) the orientation of the long axis of the field perpendicular to the regional hydraulic gradient. The adoption of cyclic injection and recovery option for the creation of the reserve eliminates the need of the first two steps but calls for several cycles of injection followed by recovery and adequate and consistent supply of water for injection over that period. An optimum field design and two alternative recharge options have been suggested based on the above observations.
Demographics, health literacy and health locus of control beliefs of Australian women who take complementary medicine products during pregnancy and breastfeeding: A cross‐sectional, online, national survey
Authors: Barnes Larisa A. J. , Rolfe Margaret I. , Barclay Lesley , McCaffery Kirsten , Aslani Parisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPregnant and breastfeeding women's use of complementary medicine products (CMPs) is common, and possibly associated with autonomous health care behaviours. However, the health literacy levels and health locus of control (HLOC) beliefs of women who use CMPs in pregnancy and lactation have not been previously assessed in a large Australian sample.AimThe aim of this study is to determine the health literacy levels and HLOC beliefs of women who use CMPs in pregnancy and lactation and determine the types of CMPs used.MethodsA cross‐sectional, national, online survey of Australian pregnant or breastfeeding women aged 18 years and older, and currently using CMPs was conducted.ResultsA total of 810 completed surveys (354 pregnant and 456 breastfeeding women) were analysed. Most had adequate functional health literacy levels (93.3%). Health care practitioners (HCPs) HLOC mean scores were the highest for the sample, followed by Internal HLOC beliefs mean scores. Almost all (n = 809) took at least one dietary supplement, the most popular being pregnancy and breastfeeding multivitamins, iron supplements and probiotics. Use was generally in line with clinical recommendations, except for low rates of iodine supplementation. Herbal medicine use was lower for the total sample (57.3%,n = 464), but significantly higher (p < .0001) for the breastfeeding cohort, with consumers taking one to four herbal medicines each. The most popular herbs were raspberry leaf, ginger, peppermint and chamomile (pregnant respondents) and chamomile, ginger and fenugreek (breastfeeding respondents).ConclusionsRespondents were health literate, with high scores for Internal and HCP HLOC scales, suggesting that they are likely to demonstrate self‐efficacy, positive health behaviours and work well in partnership with HCPs. HCPs can facilitate discussions with pregnant and breastfeeding women using CMPs, while considering women's health literacy levels, health beliefs and goals.
Role of the operating room nurses in the ureteric stent register
Authors: Seenappa Nethravathy B. , Krishnamoorthy Venkatesh , Sinha Maneesh , T Krishna Prasad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn any urology practice, a minority of stents are ‘forgotten’ with ensuing clinical and medico‐legal implications. This paper assesses the role of the scrub nurse and operating room in‐charge as key resources who can significantly improve compliance in stent capture. We assess the impact of a double validation process where operating room nurses monitor compliance data entry in the stent register by the operating urologist. The study is a retrospective analysis of the computerized stent register maintained in our institute. Data was collected from January 2012 to December 2019. The number of entries missed by urologists in the stent register, the number of times the scrub nurse could identify the missed entries and the additional number picked up by the operating room in‐charge were evaluated. A total of 2839 renal units were stented in 2488 patients during the study period. The operating urologist had not updated the stent register in 147 (5.4%) patients. The scrub nurse had rectified this error in 65 and the remaining 82 missed entries were detected by the operating room in‐charge. A dual validation method of verifying stent deployment entries by the scrub nurse and operating room in‐charge minimizes the chances of missed documentation.
Skin tear prevalence in an Australian acute care hospital: A 10‐year analysis
Authors: Miles Sandra J. , Fulbrook Paul , Williams Damian M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHospital‐acquired skin tear prevalence is under‐reported; thus, the aim of this study was to analyse skin tear point prevalence and characteristics in a tertiary acute care hospital in Queensland, Australia, over a 10‐year period. All consenting adult inpatients received a full skin inspection and skin tear category, site, cause, treatment, and whether it was documented as hospital‐ or community‐acquired were recorded. Eleven prevalence audits were analysed with a total sample of 3626 patients. An overall pooled prevalence of 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.5‐10.4) with an associated hospital‐acquired pooled prevalence of 5.5% (95% CI 4.5‐6.7) was found. In total, 616 skin tears were reported, of which 374 (60.7%) were hospital‐acquired. Over a third of patients (38.7%) had multiple skin tears and most patients (84.8%) with at least one skin tear were aged ≥70 years. The largest proportion of skin tears (40.1%) was those with no skin flap. Of those documented, most were caused by falls or collisions, suggesting combined skin tear and falls prevention strategies may be effective. Over a decade, there was a downward trend in hospital‐acquired skin tear, which is encouraging. Skin tear prevalence is recommended as a measure of care quality with an emphasis on good quality documentation.