bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Radioterapi Terhadap Parameter Hasil Pemeriksaan Darah Lengkap Pasien Karsinoma Nasofaring di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin Periode 2016-2018
Authors: Hermansyah Imam , Zulfikar Eddy , Sibala' Aton Prasetya , Papendang William Chandra , Toaha Ahmad Fachry , Widaningsih Yuyun 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) merupakan salah satu keganasan regio kepala dan leher yang paling sering ditemukan di dunia. Hingga saat ini, radioterapi masih menjadi terapi pilihan utama untuk penderita KNF, terutama jenis KNF loko-regional yang belum metastasis jauh. Radioterapi dapat memberikan efek samping terhadap sistem hematopoietik, sehingga pemeriksaan darah lengkap merupakan prosedur yang wajib dilakukan sebelum, selama, dan setelah radioterapi. Sayangnya, data penelitian terkait efek radioterapi terhadap parameter darah lengkap pasien KNF di Indonesia masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek radioterapi terhadap sistem hematopoietik pada penderita KNF dengan melihat jumlah leukosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan jumlah trombosit pasca radioterapi.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data rekam medik penderita KNF yang menjalani radioterapi siklus lengkap di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin periode 2016-2018. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan uji hipotesis Friedman.
Hasil: Dari 41 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria ekslusi dan inklusi, perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan pada parameter darah lengkap pasca radioterapi hanya ditemukan pada variabel jumlah leukosit (p<0,05), dibandingkan dengan variabel hemoglobin dan trombosit yang perubahannya tidak begitu bermakna (p>0,05).
Pembahasan: Radiasi yang mengenai sumsum tulang akan menyebabkan depresi jumlah sel darah karena destruksi sel punca hematopoietik dan sel progenitor yang sangat sensitif radiasi. Berdasarkan tingkat sensitifitas terhadap radioterapi, leukosit merupakan sel darah yang paling radiosensitif, diikuti oleh trombosit kemudian eritrosit.
Kesimpulan: Radioterapi memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap perubahan jumlah leukosit pasien karsinoma nasofaring.

Kata kunci: Darah lengkap, karsinoma nasofaring, radioterapi
Justice, truth and oral history: legislating the past ‘from below’ in Northern Ireland
Authors: McEvoy Kieran , Bryson Anna 
Published: July 2021

Drawing on the ‘from below’ perspective which has emerged in transitional justice scholarship and practice over the past two decades, this article critically examines the dealing with the past debate in Northern Ireland. The paper begins by offering an outline of the from below perspective in the context of post-conflict or post-authoritarian societies which are struggling to come to terms with past violence and human rights abuses. Having provided some of the legal and political background to the most recent efforts to deal with the past in Northern Ireland, it then critically examines the relevant past-related provisions of the Stormont House Agreement, namely the institutions which are designed to facilitate ‘justice’, truth recovery and the establishment of an Oral History Archive. Drawing from the political science and social movement literature on lobbying and the ways in which interests groups may seek to influence policy, the paper then explores the efforts of the authors and others to contribute to the broader public debate, including through drafting and circulating a ‘Model Bill’ on dealing with the past (reproduced elsewhere in this issue) as a counterweight to the legislation which is required from the British government to implement the Stormont House Agreement. The authors argue that the combination of technical capacity, grass-roots credibility and ‘international-savvy’ local solutions offers a framework for praxis from below in other contexts where activists are struggling to extend ownership of transitional justice beyond political elites.
The common law influence over the age of criminal responsibility – Australia
Authors: Crofts Thomas 
Published: July 2021

This article explores how Australian jurisdictions came to have an approach to the age of criminal responsibility similar to that which existed in England and Wales until 1998. It discusses recent debates in Australia about reforming the minimum age of criminal responsibility and the presumption of doli incapax. This shows that while there has been criticism of the presumption of doli incapax within Australia no jurisdiction has taken the English step of abolishing it. It finds that a greater challenge to the presumption of doli incapax may, however, come from calls for an increase in the minimum age of criminal responsibility to the age of 12. While several common law countries have raised the minimum age level to 12 (as called for by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child), they have also abolished the presumption of doli incapax, thus reducing protection for 12- and 13-year-olds. This article argues that unless the minimum age of criminal responsibility is raised to 14 or 16, as preferred by the UN Committee, there are good reasons to retain the presumption of doli incapax.
Potential barriers to the new child’s right to appeal to Special Educational Needs and Disability tribunals in Northern Ireland
Authors: Drummond Orla 
Published: July 2021

The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (Northern Ireland) 2016 has changed the legal landscape for those seeking to utilise the Special Educational Needs Tribunal in the event of a dispute regarding special educational provision. The new Act provides children over compulsory school age with the right to request a statutory assessment and the right to appeal to the tribunal against certain decisions of the Education Authority. While these new participative rights are reflective of international obligations emanating from the UNCRC and the UNCRPD, recent research has highlighted a number of procedural and attitudinal barriers which may dilute the effectiveness of the legislation in guaranteeing a child’s right to participate at the tribunal. This paper uses new empirical data from key stakeholders in the process to discuss these potential barriers and asserts that implanting a child’s right to appeal into a process with preexisting participative barriers will do little to ensure meaningful child participation at SEN tribunals.
Political, economic and environmental crisis in Northern Ireland: the true cost of environmental governance failures and opportunities for reform
Authors: Brennan Ciara , Purdy Ray , Hjerp Peter 
Published: July 2021

Decades of systemic failure to take environmental protection seriously has brought Northern Ireland to the brink of environmental, and now political and economic disaster. This article will consider the reasons why environmental governance in this jurisdiction has continued to be so problematic and the cost of government failure in this context for the people of Northern Ireland. It will set out the environmental, economic and socio-political consequences of the epic failures of successive devolved administrations to take environmental governance seriously, to respond to critiques of the performance of the environmental regulator and to ensure the effective enforcement of environmental law. Finally, it will consider options for dealing with this ongoing problem in a turbulent political environment where collapsing political institutions at Stormont and wider constitutional issues associated with the UK’s plans to leave the EU may continue to stymie reform or present a unique opportunity to reinvent environmental governance and begin the process of remedying the damage caused by years of neglect.
Equitable allowances or restitutionary measures for dishonest assistance and knowing receipt
Authors: Whayman Derek 
Published: July 2021

This article considers the credit given to dishonest assistants and knowing recipients in claims for disgorgement, with greater focus on dishonest assistance. Traditionally, equity has awarded a parsimonious ‘just allowance’ for work and skill. The language of causation in Novoship (UK) Ltd v Mikhaylyuk [2014] EWCA Civ 908 suggests a more generous restitutionary approach which is at odds with the justification given: prophylaxis. This tension makes the law incoherent. Moreover, the bar to full disgorgement has been set too high, such that the remedy is unavailable in practice. Therefore, even if the restitutionary approach is affirmed, it must be revised.
Legal object commentary: anti-slavery medallion
Authors: Johnstone Owain 
Published: July 2021

This anti-slavery medallion was cast in 1787, based on the symbol of the London Society for the Suppression of the Slave Trade. It was a key object and image within the movement to abolish the slave trade in Britain. The medallion conveys a particular understanding of the slave trade as a social problem (such as assuming the vulnerability and passivity of the slave). Consequently, the medallion speaks to recent literature on the social construction of social problems. That literature, however, has tended to focus on the role of discourse in problem construction – rather than material objects like the medallion. This article interrogates the nature of the medallion as a material problem representation, bringing it into dialogue with discursive representations of a related contemporary issue: human trafficking. The article suggests ways in which the medallion challenges and develops those discursive representations. It concludes that the material dimension of the representation – and construction – of social problems is easily overlooked despite its significance, and that it merits further investigation.
United Enemies
Authors: Stathopoulou Kelly 
Published: July 2021

This commentary presents the sculpture ‘United Enemies’, in the context of international legal research. It relies on experimental theatre and related understandings of performance to explain how internal selfdetermination language and rhetoric are used in the texts of African intrastate peace agreements to bring together former enemies. In doing so, it identifies two categories of connection between the legal object and the research question: conceptualisation (how to tell this story) and dissemination (how to communicate its research findings).
Illicit drug markets, systemic violence and victimisation
Authors: Connolly Johnny 
Published: July 2021

A common theme that runs throughout much of the literature on drug markets, drug-related crime and also the impact of drug law enforcement is how limited our understanding of them is. In the absence of research and reliable evidence, certain ‘taken for granted’ assumptions or stereotypes have emerged to fill the gaps in knowledge. Journalistic and television exposés, present a Hobbesian spectacle of an inherently violent world populated by ‘evil drug dealers’. These representations have also influenced legislative responses, particularly since 1996. In the Republic of Ireland, following the murder of journalist Veronica Guerin, a plethora of new draconian laws were introduced. This led to a form of legislation by ‘moral panic’ particularly in response to drug-related crime. Prior to the mid-1990s, Northern Ireland had largely avoided the growth in heroin consumption of the type associated with Dublin since the 1980s. High levels of police and military security and the anti-drug stance of many paramilitary organisations had a suppression effect on the importation, distribution and consumption of serious drugs. The Good Friday Agreement of 1998 led to the dismantling of the state security apparatus and a reduction in police numbers. This period also marks the beginning of a period of increased drug consumption and the establishment of heroin hotspots in a number of urban areas.
Despite this increased policy attention, drug use in Ireland has been found to be associated with increased levels of systemic violence: fights over organisational and territorial issues; so-called ‘gangland’ murders; disputes over transactions or debt collection; and the intimidation of family members and the wider ‘host’ communities in which local drug markets tend to take hold. Much of this victimisation remains hidden as fear of reprisal from those involved with the drug trade and a lack of confidence in the criminal justice system discourages reporting. This article reviews recent research evidence in this area and examines the implications for future policy responses.
Rape pornography, cultural harm and criminalisation
Authors: Palmer Tanya 
Published: July 2021

In 2015 the offence of possessing extreme pornography (Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, s 63) was extended to cover the possession of pornographic images of rape. Proponents of the legislation claim that rape pornography is ‘culturally harmful’, because it normalises and legitimates sexual violence. Critics have dismissed ‘cultural harm’ as poorly defined and lacking evidence. However, critical engagement with, and development of, this concept has been limited on both sides of the debate.
This article fills that gap through a sustained theoretical exposition of the concept of cultural harm and detailed analysis of its role in justifying the criminalisation of rape pornography. It makes the case that at least some rape pornography is culturally harmful, but nevertheless concludes that criminalisation of the possession of rape pornography is not an appropriate response to that harm.
Post-Brexit Britain and the pay culture: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Arsalidou Demetra , Lui Alison 
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the impact of Brexit on financial services regulation in relation to three areas linked to executive remuneration. They are: the bonus cap; the clawback of pay; and the level of disclosure required by shareholders with regard to details of directors’ remuneration. It will be argued that legally Brexit will have little impact on any of the three areas. UK legislation has already incorporated a great deal of EU legislation. The status quo of retaining such legal restrictions seems sensible in light of public sentiment towards unfairness in executive compensation and uncertainty towards the Brexit negotiations. Nevertheless, London faces stiff competition from other major international financial centres in a post-Brexit era. The loss of single passporting rights is also encouraging major banks to invest in other European financial centres. Brexit creates opportunities too. With the integration of digital technology, it is possible to create convenient platforms where investors can access reports on executive remuneration.
A little Parthenon no longer: the proportionality of tobacco packaging restrictions on autonomous communication, political expression and commercial speech
Authors: O'Dell Eoin 
Published: July 2021

This paper evaluates the constitutionality of statutory restrictions upon tobacco packaging in Ireland. It concludes that public health and the protection of children constitute pressing and substantial reasons sufficient to justify the Public Health (Standardised Packaging of Tobacco) Act 2015 and part 5 of the Health (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2017 as proportionate restrictions upon tobacco companies’ freedom of political expression protected by Article 40.6.1 of the Constitution and freedom of autonomous communication protected by Article 40.3.1.
EU environmental law and policy post-Brexit: models for engagement between the EU27 and the UK
Authors: O'Gorman Roderic 
Published: July 2021

The UK’s departure from the EU will have significant impact on the existing EU environmental protection regimes. This article examines the possible options for the new relationship between the EU27 and the UK and how the environment might be protected under this. This is done through an analysis of how environmental law is dealt with under the EU’s existing relationship models with non-member states. These models are examined in conjunction with the negotiating lines that have been set down by both the UK and EU to see which is most politically feasible, and what impact it will have on how the EU protects the environment.
The EU’s role in policing the rule of law: reflections on recent Polish experience
Authors: Grzeszczak Robert , Terrett Stephen 
Published: July 2021

Although Brexit has understandably been the primary focus of much recent EU-related discussion, it is not the only threat to the EU’s long-term stability. The growing impact of populism has already influenced the Brexit referendum result and an anti-liberal resurgence within the EU. Events in Poland have led to criticism of the EU’s apparent impotence in counteracting governments determined to implement an antiliberal, national-populist legislative agenda that threatens the rule of law. This article offers a critical analysis of the mechanism contained in Article 7 TEU and the tools created by the European Commission within its New Framework, viewed through the prism of escalating violations of the rule of law in Poland, with particular focus on the destabilisation of the Constitutional Tribunal. It analyses whether such criticisms are justified and, if so, whether a more robust framework for addressing anti-liberal populism is required. We compare the EU’s evolution into an organisation that protects individual human rights with its fledgling evolution into an organisation that seeks to police the rule of law. We argue that, in contrast to its successful human rights evolution, the EU’s current efforts towards enforcing the rule of law give little cause for optimism.
The consequences of Brexit for the labour market and employment law – challenges for the European Union from a Polish perspective
Authors: Pisarczyk Łukasz 
Published: July 2021

One of the most important problems arising from Brexit will concern labour law and the labour market – specifically the future development of labour law at the European level, the situation in domestic labour markets, and (as a consequence) changes in national legislations. At present, it is difficult to draw any precise conclusions regarding the impact of Brexit; however, it is possible to identify some of the more likely scenarios and consequences. There are substantial questions concerning: the future of EU law after Brexit and how Brexit will affect British labour law; the situation of multinational labour law institutions (e.g. European Works Councils), as well as the posting of workers. A lot depends on the final agreement between the UK and the EU. A close economic partnership may enforce the maintenance of the most important labour standards and mechanisms which are necessary to guarantee equilibrium between the partners.
Weapons of mass distraction
Authors: Barnes Robin 
Published: July 2021

The Circle invites an ever closer look at the ethos of current and emerging surveillance technology. Dave Eggers’ novel foreshadowed the culminating moments in 2018, when high-powered social media platforms generated a maelstrom of controversy in the US and UK and then nothing changed. Concern over the integrity of electoral processes around the globe has risen to new heights, as privacy experts warn that unfettered growth of surveillance capitalism could change democracy forever. Far from a case of unintended consequences run amok, corporate tech executives admit that continual mining of personal data for unrestricted use by corporations and political operatives that specialise in psychological manipulation were part of the original design. The dark side of all this connectivity as highlighted by the ruckus over Cambridge Analytica places mainstream news producers squarely under the microscope. This article examines the wilderness between the goal of reporting in the public’s interest and the current role of news organisations.
Liability threshold for damages in public procurement: the EFTA Court’s Fosen-Linjen saga
Authors: Sanchez-Graells Albert 
Published: July 2021

In this case comment, I explore the two EFTA Court Judgments in the Fosen-Linjen saga and their opposing views on the interaction between EU/EEA rules on procurement remedies and the more general principle of state liability for breaches of EU/EEA law. I review the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and, in particular, the perceived inconsistencies between the two 2010 judgments in Strabag and Spijker, which featured very prominently in the legal arguments submitted to the EFTA Court in both Fosen-Linjen cases. I also use the benchmark of the UK Supreme Court’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority judgment to support the view that Spijker reflects the correct understanding of EU/EEA law and that there should be no further debate about it. I submit that the Court of Justice of the European Union would be well-advised to (re)confirm the position enshrined in Spijker at the earliest opportunity, to avoid any perpetuation of this debate in the context of EU/EEA public procurement law.
Langford v Secretary of State for Defence: taking a functional approach towards survivors' benefits?
Authors: Griffiths Kathy 
Published: July 2021

This is a commentary on Langford v Secretary of State for Defence, where the Upper Tribunal's decision was overruled by the Court of Appeal. The decision has implications for the payment of pensions and survivors' benefits in future cases, but, as will be argued here, the case is also important from a family law perspective.
Strategies, Constraints and Solutions to Change STKIP PGRI Pasuruan to PGRI Wiranegara University
Authors: Pradikto Sugeng 
Published: July 2021

The fact that the number of new students starting from 2016 to 2019 tends to continue to decline, so STKIP PGRI Pasuruan must immediately turn into a university. These changes are a form of adaptation to the demands of environmental changes and government policies. What are the strategies, constraints and solutions for changing STKIP PGRI Pasuruan into university? The purpose of this study si : to explain the best practice of changing from STKIP PGRI to university. This study uses a qualitative approach to see the phenomenon of organizational change at STKIP PGRI Pasuruan. The Change Task Force Team is a key informant. Data collection by in-depth interviews (Depth interview). While the researchers themselves as the main instrument in data collection. Furthermore, the data analysis used is “interactive data analysis”. In the end of study, The results of the research are explained as follows: The preparations and strategies carried out are formulating a vision of change that reads GO TO UNIVERSITY and forming a solid task force team and choosing the right consultant (Coach). Leaders identify and consolidate resources that are and are not available, design the implementation of changes so that they can run well and are conducive. Whereas resistance at the organizational level is the formation of a new culture with new values ​​as implications of the new organizational structure and hierarchy, the individual level of resistance appears insecurity and discomfort as implications of changes in organizational structure and hierarchy. Obstacles in preparation for the legal aspects, namely the status of land ownership and land area are still lacking, the solution is to change the name of the certificate in the name of PPLPP PGRI Pasuruan and increase the lack of land area from personal assets of Dr. Sugeng Pradikto, M.Pd. while the implementation obstacle is the resistance of the candidate for the Acting Chancellor with the solution for the position of the Acting Chancellor concurrently by the Chairperson of the PPLPP PGRI Pasuruan.

Strategies, Constraints and Solutions to Change STKIP PGRI Pasuruan to PGRI Wiranegara University oleh SUGENG PRADIKTO disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.Berdasarkan ciptaan pada http://ojs.uniwara.ac.id/index.php/PWJridhe/article/view/21/2.

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