bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/computed Tomography Comparison of Gastric Lymphoma and Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Qiaoling , Wu Najing , He Huihui , Du Xiaoqing , Wang Yanjuan , Lou Kequan , Chen Liping , Zhang Yu , Yu Chunjing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the characteristics of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in gastric lymphoma (GL) and gastric carcinoma (GC).METHODSPatients with newly diagnosed GL or GC who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT prior to treatment were included in this study. The PET/CT features of gastric wall lesions, including FDG avidity, pattern, and intensity [maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax)] were reviewed and analyzed. The correlation of SUVmax with gastric clinicopathological variables was investigated by Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the differential diagnostic value of SUVmax-associated parameters in GL and GC.RESULTSA total of 68 patients with GL and 117 with GC were included in this study. Abnormal gastric FDG accumulation was found in 66 (97.05%) patients with GL and 109 (93.16%) patients with GC. Majority of the GL patients presented with type I and III lesions, whereas GC patients mainly with type II and III lesions. The SUVmax [14.89(6.56，22.12) vs 4.08(5.75，10.24), P<0.001) and SUVmax/THKmax (maximal thickness) [0.72(0.50,1,10) vs 0.39(0.28,0.64), P<0.000] were both higher in patients with GL when compared with GC. The SUVmax was higher in GL patients with DLBCL than in those with MALT (17.51±10.31 vs 4.97±2.92, P =0.0010) and higher in patients with advanced Lugano stage (II1/II2/IV) than in those with stage I (18.27±10.19 vs 9.92±9.22, P = 0.002). In GC patients, the SUVmax was higher in T3+T4 than in T1+T2 [6.79(4.47,12.41) vs 4.09(2.32,6.31), P = 0.000], but there were no significant differences between TNM stage I+II and TNM stage III+IV. The ROC curve analysis suggested a better performance of SUVmax/THKmax in evaluating gastric lesions between GL and GC when compared to SUVmax alone. The sensitivity of SUVmax and SUVmax/THKmax for differential diagnosis of GL and GC were 0.917 and 0.578, respectively. However, the specificity of SUVmax/THKmax for differential diagnosis of GL and GC was higher than that of SUVmax alone (0.894 VS 0.485).CONCLUSIONThe PET/CT features differed between GL and GC, and these can improve the evaluation of PET/CT of gastric wall lesions and help differentiate GL from GC.
Community-based Culturally Tailored Education Programs for Black Adults With Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Stroke: a Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Fulton Joseph Hawkins , Singh Hardeep , Pakkal Oya , Uleryk Elizabeth , Nelson Michelle 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic conditions and stroke disproportionately affect Black adults in communities all around the world due patterns of systemic racism, disparities in care, and lack of resources. Culturally-tailored programs can meet the needs of the communities they serve, including Black adults who tend to have reduced access to postacute services. To address unequal care received by Black communities, a shift to community-based programs that deliver culturally-tailored programs may give an alternative to a healthcare model which reinforces health inequities. However, community-based culturally-tailored programs (CBCT) are relatively understudied but show promise to improve the delivery of services to marginalized communities. The objectives of this review are to: (i) synthesize key program characteristics and outcomes of CBCT programs that are designed to improve health outcomes in Black adults with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or stroke and (ii) identify which of the five categories of culturally appropriate programs from Kreuter and colleagues have been used to implement CBCT programs.Methods: This is a protocol for a systematic review that will search MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases to identify CBCT programs for Black adults with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, or stroke.Discussion: Health inequities have disproportionately impacted Black communities and will continue to persist if adjustments are not prioritized within healthcare to provide services, care, and programs meant to address the specific barriers to better health. Many interventions meant to improve the health outcomes of marginalized groups are created using an outsider's perspective, with little input from target communities, leading to interventions that may not address the specific barriers contributing to poor health outcomes. The inclusion of community members in the design of CBCT programs allows for a deeper understanding of the issues facing the community and provides an opportunity to incorporate cultural values that may enhance the efficacy, relevance and appropriateness of programs to the target communities. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42021245772
Disparities in the Increases of Cervical Cancer Incidence Rates: Observations from a City-wide Population-based Study
Authors: Li Ke , Xu Huan , Wang Suixiang , Qin Pengzhe , Liang Boheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally cervical cancer incidence rate has been declining continuously. However, an unfavorable trend has been observed in China during the past decades, and the underlying reasons remain unclear. We hereby explore the recent trends of cervical cancer incidence, as well as the underlying determinants using data from Guangzhou, one of biggest cities in China. Methods：City-wide cancer registration data were obtained from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control from 2004 to 2018. We used the Joinpoint regression models to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates by regions and by histological subtype. Age-period-cohort models were applied to analyze the period and birth cohort effects on the time trends. Results: The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of cervical cancer incidence increased at an annual rate of 2.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0%-3.2%] during 2004-2018. The largest increase in ASRs was found for rural regions, with AAPC of 6.6% [95% CI: 3.7%-9.5%], followed by the suburbs (2.2% [95% CI: 1.0%-3.4%]), while there was no statistically significant increase in urban regions. The ASRs of adenocarcinoma increased faster than those of the squamous cell carcinoma (AAPC=6.53% [95% CI: 5.0%-8.1%] versus 1.79% [95% CI: 0.8%-2.8%]). A downward trend in urban regions was found in the 20-49 age group, whereas an upward trend was found in the 50+ age group, especially in rural regions. An inverted V-shape was found for cohort effects, with the peak varied by regions, i.e., peaked in the 1966 and 1971 birth cohort in the urban and suburb regions, respectively. Period effects kept increasing during the study period. Conclusions: We systematically examine the disparities in the increases of cervical cancer incidence rates using city-wide data from Guangzhou. Extensive efforts are warranted to address the large urban-rural disparities in cervical cancer prevention. The combined strategies of vaccination, screening, and health education should be reinforced and locally customized.
Tropical Origins of the Record-breaking 2020 Summer Rainfall Extremes in East Asia
Authors: Kim Sunyong , Park Jae-Heung , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The East Asian countries have experienced heavy rainfalls in boreal summer 2020. Here, we investigate the dynamical processes driving the East Asian rainfall extremes during July and August. The Indian Ocean basin warming in June can be responsible for the anticyclonic anomalies in the western North Pacific (WNP), which contribute to the zonally-elongated rainfalls in East Asia during July through an atmospheric Rossby wave train. In August, the East Asian rainfall increase is also related to the anticyclonic anomalies in the subtropical WNP, although it is located further north. It is suggested that the north tropical Atlantic warming in June partly contributes to the subtropical WNP rainfall decrease in August through a subtropical teleconnection. The rainfall decrease in the subtropical WNP region during August drives the local anticyclonic anomalies that cause the rainfall increase in East Asia. The tropical Indian Ocean anomalously warmed in June and the subtropical WNP rainfall decreased in August 2020, which played a role in modulating the WNP anticyclonic anomalies. Therefore, the record-breaking rainfalls in East Asia occurred during July and August 2020 can potentially be explained by the teleconnections induced by the tropical origins, such as tropical Indian Ocean warming and subtropical WNP rainfall decrease.
MUC13 promotes the development of esophageal cancer by upregulating the expression of O-glycan process-related molecules
Authors: Chen Guangxia , Han Yi , Liu Shiyu , Zhou Guangqing , Xu Xinxin , Zhang Haihan , Li Zhentao , Wu Chuannan , Liu Yulan , Fang Kai , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor in the world, which is characterized by poor prognosis, aggressiveness and poor survival. Mucin 13 (MUC13) is a member of the membrane-bound mucin and located on chromosome 3q21.2 and consisted of α and β subunits. It has been found that MUC13 is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and acts a vital role in the invasiveness and malignant progression of several types of tumors. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of MUC13 in the progression of esophageal cancer remain unclear.
Methods
The expression level of MUC13 was detected in 15 esophageal cancer tissues and 15 pairs of adjacent non-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, the expression of MUC13 mRNA level in human esophageal cancer cell lines (EC9706 and ECA109 and TE-1) was measured by qRT-PCR. In vitro, after silencing MUC13 with lentiviral interference technology, CCK8 assay, clone formation assay and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the proliferation activity, clone formation ability and anti-apoptosis ability of EC9706 and ECA109 cells. The tumor xenograft growth assay was used to confirm the influence of MUC13 knockdown on the growth of esophageal tumors in vivo. The qRT-PCR assay and western blot experiments were taken to study the mechanism of MUC13 regulating the pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic of esophageal cancer.
Results
The results showed that MUC13 was over-expressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines (EC9706 and ECA109 and TE-1), especially in EC9706 and ECA109 cells, but low-expressed in the human esophageal epithelial cell line (HEEC). Next, silencing MUC13 inhibits the proliferation, blocks cell cycle progression and promotes cell apoptosis in vitro, and also restrains the growth of esophageal cancer tissues in vivo. Finally, MUC13 affects the pro-proliferation and anti-apoptotic by regulating the expression of GLANT14, MUC3A, MUC1, MUC12 and MUC4 that closely related to O-glycan process.
Conclusions
This study proved that MUC13 is an important molecule that regulates the O-glycan process and then affects the progress of esophageal cancer. MUC13 may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with esophageal cancer.
Integrated Profiling Identifies Key Molecule Drivers as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sun Tao , Cao Ying , Huang Tiancha , Sang Yiwen , Dai Yibei , Tao Zhihua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Acute kidney injury is a common clinical problem with no sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers and definitive treatments. The underlying molecular mechanisms of acute kidney injury are unclear. Therefore, it is pivotal and urgent to explore the underlying mechanisms and screen for novel diagnostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets.
Methods

The present study constructed scale-free network using WGCNA analysis. LASSO logistic regression analysis was used to explore the optimal diagnostic model of AKI. In addition, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed and TF-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA network analysis and immune infiltration analysis of hub genes were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of AKI.
Results

Fifteen hub genes were uncovered and constructed a diagnostic model by LASSO logistic regression analysis. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the genes were enriched in oxidation-reduction process, cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, metabolic process, mitochondria and iron ion binding. The enriched TFs were BRD2, EP300, ETS1, MYC, SPI1 and ZNF263. The enriched miRNAs were miR-181c-5p, miR-218-5p, miR-485-5p, miR-532-5p and miR-6884-5p. The immune infiltration analysis showed that Macrophages M2 was decreasing significantly revealing a protective factor for further AKI treatment.
Conclusions

The present study identified fifteen hub genes, a diagnostic model, transcriptional factors, miRNAs, immune infiltration and pathways by analyzing gene expression profiles of AKI, which provides some basis for further experimental studies.
Modeling The Formation of Trihalomethanes In Rural And Semi Urban Drinking Water Distribution Networks of Costa Rica
Authors: Kelly-Coto Daniel Enrique , Gamboa-Jiménez Alejandra , Campos-Mora Diana , Salas-Jiménez Pablo , Silva-Narváez Basilio , Jiménez-Antillón Joaquín , Pino-Gómez Macario , Romero-Esqu Luis Guillermo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chlorination is one of the most important stages in the treatment of drinking water due to its effectiveness in the inactivation of pathogenic organisms. However, the reaction between chlorine and natural organic matter (NOM) generates harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs). In this research, drinking water quality data was collected from the distribution networks of 19 rural and semi urban systems that use water sources as: springs, surfaces, and a mixture of both, in three provinces of the Pacific slope of Costa Rica during April 2018 to September 2019. Twelve models were developed from four data sets: all water sources, spring, surface, and mixture of spring and surface waters. Linear, logarithmic, and exponential multivariate regression models were developed for each data set to predict the concentration of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) in the distribution networks. Concentrations of TTHMs were found between < 0.20 to 91.31 µg/L, with chloroform being the dominant species accounting for 62% of TTHMs on average. Turbidity, free residual chlorine, total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) showed a significant correlation with TTHMs. In all the data sets the linear models presented the best goodness-of-fit and were moderately robust. Four models, the best of each data set, were validated with data from the same systems, and, according to the criteria of R2, SE, MSE and MAE, spring water and mixed spring/surface water models showed a satisfactory level of explanation of the variability of the data. Moreover, the models seem to better predict TTHMs concentrations below 30 µg/L. These models were satisfactory and could be useful for decision-making in drinking water supply systems and be considered in possible modifications in current legislation.
Gait Seed and Sagittal Abdominal Diameter: The Results from the Handan Eye Study
Authors: Liu Juping , Hao Jie , Zhang Ye , Cao Kai , Li Xiaorong , Wang Ningli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is more precise than body mass index (BMI) for predicting adverse events in elderly. While physical function and BMI is related, the relationship is uncertain. BMI and gait speed (GS) is related and have a U-shaped distribution. The objective was to examine the relationship between GS and SAD in men and women aged 50 years and older.
Methods

This was a cross-sectional analysis. Data from the Handan Eye Study (HES), a Chinese prospective longitudinal study with participants randomly selected from the Yongnian county. Usual GS was measured over a 4 meters-track. SAD was categorized by interquartile: <18.0cm; 18.0-19.79cm; 19.8-21.89cm; ≥21.9cm. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses of covariance were performed to estimate the gender-specific means (and 95% CI) of GS (in m/s) according to SAD categories.
Results

The current analyses were performed in 2852 participants. Mean age was 56.16 years for women and 56.54 years for men. The unadjusted means of GS were 0.995 (95% CI 0.972-1.019) m/s in SAD Q1 participants, 0.991 (95% CI 0.968-1.014) m/s in SAD Q2, 0.986 (95% CI 0.964-1.007) m/s in SAD Q3 and 0.961 (95% CI 0.937-0.985) m/s in SAD Q4 individuals in women. The similar trend presented in men [Q1: 0.993 (95%CI 0.969-1.016) m/s; Q2: 0.980 (95%CI 0.956-1.004); Q3: 0.944 (95%CI 0.918-0.970); Q4: 0.948 (95%CI 0.923-0.973)]. After adjustment for age, the reported trends between GS and SAD in categories were largely confirmed in women, but not in men.
Conclusions

Age and gender should be considered when we explore the relationship between GS and SAD in elderly.
Health Inequalities in Unmet Need for Family Planning Among Ugandan Women: Repeated Cross Sectional Surveys in the Years 2014 to 2018.
Authors: Wanyana Mercy Wendy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Health inequalities in unmet need for family planning have been documented in Uganda, however, little is known about their magnitude and whether these have remained the same. Objective This study sought to examine health inequalities in unmet need for family planning among Ugandan women between 15-49 years of age in the years 2014 to 2018. Methods: Five data sets of the Performance Monitoring Accountability 2020 family planning cross-sectional surveys were used to assess health inequalities in unmet need for family planning across four socio-economic position variables (age, education, wealth status and geographical location) at five time points (2014 to 2018).Chi-square (χ 2 ) test and a logistic regression-based measure, the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were used to assess differences and relative health inequalities respectively. Results: The data of 19,670 women aged 15 to 49 years were analysed. Between 2014 and 2018, unmet need for family planning (limiting, spacing and total) were 2 or more times more prevalent among the uneducated (RII value range:1.94 to 2.73), and poorest women(RII value range:1.90 to 3.78), in comparison with women with post-secondary education and richest women respectively. Unmet need for family planning was more prevalent among women older than 35 years (RII between 0.41 and 0.63). No geographic-related health inequalities were observed. Education-related inequalities reduced, wealth-related health inequalities increased, while age-related inequalities remained fairly consistent. Conclusion: Age, education and wealth related health inequalities were observed in unmet need for family planning. The magnitude of health inequalities varied between 2014 and 2018, with largest inequalities based on wealth status variable.
The Effect of General Anesthesia On Test-Retest Reliability of Resting-State FMRI Metrics And Optimization of Scan Length
Authors: Vedaei Faezeh , Alizadeh Mahdi , Romo Victor M , Mohamed Feroze B. , Wu Chengyuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been known as a powerful tool in neuroscience. However, exploring the test-retest reliability of the metrics derived from rs-fMRI BOLD signal is essential particularly in the studies of patients with neurological development. Two factors affecting reliability of rs-fMRI measurements including the effect of anesthesia and scan length have been estimated in this study. A total of 9 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) of requiring interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) were scanned in two states of awake and under anesthesia. At each state, two rs-fMRI sessions were obtained that each one lasted 15 minutes, and the effect of scan length was evaluated. Voxel-wise rs-fMRI metrics including amplitude of low fractional frequency fluctuation (ALFF), amplitude of low fractional frequency fluctuation (fALFF), functional connectivity (FC), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate the reliability between two sessions of scanning for both states. Overall, our finding revealed that reliability improves under anesthesia as well as by increasing the scanning length of the scanning sessions. Furthermore, we showed that the optimal scan length to achieve reliable rs-fMRI measurements was 3.1 – 7.5 minutes shorter in an anesthetized, compared to wakeful state.
Program Evaluation of a Nationwide Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Program in Korean Public Health and Medical Institutions
Authors: Kim Claire Junga , Mo Hyojung , Lee Ji Young 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Education & Training Centre for Public Healthcare of the National Medical Centre plays a key role in providing continuing professional development (CPD) to 221 public health and medical institutions in South Korea. To assess the realisation of the Center’s core value and of the intended chages, program evaluations is needed. The context, input, process, and product (CIPP) model is particularly suitable for evaluating CPD in public sector as it allows to recognise the dynamic nature of the programme environment.Methods: This research applied the CIPP model to the evaluation of CPD programmes, particulary abdominal and thracic ultrasond programme implemented in 2017 and 2018. Data were collected from 2017 to 2019. The programme and its feedback were reviewed in context evaluation. Based on this, the subsequent programme strategy was established in input evaulation. Observing the programme in real time and recording progress was followed in process evaluation. Finally, the outcome and impact of the programme were reviewed and compared with baseline data in product evaluation. Results: In context evaluation, the educational needs of the recipients of the Centre’s CPD programme, impediments that inhibit participation in education, and resources that the Centre can utilise were identified through online survey, focus group interviews, expert consultation. Through input evaluation, we identified the best alternative that satisfied all pre-selected criteria, which were responsiveness to priority system needs, potential effectiveness, fit with existing services, affordability, and administrative feasibility. Observing the programme in real time and recording progress was conducted in process evaluation and shows that the improved programme went as planned, and even had to be expanded due to increased demand. The impact of the programme was measured, interpreted, and assessed in the product evaluation. As the review committee decided that the intended change has occurred, the Centre decided to maintain the program. Conclusions: Thorough evaluations are necessary to unlock the potential benefits of CPD. The CIPP methodology is valuable to execute formative as well as summative evaluations. The CIPP model is especially useful for securing accountability data for large-scale nation-wide educational programmes supplied by public funds.