bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crustal Stress Field of Germany - A Refined Prediction
Authors: Ahlers Steffen , Röckel Luisa , Hergert Tobias , Reiter Karsten , Heidbach Oliver , Henk Andreas , Müller Birgit , Morawietz Sophia , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Anikiev Denis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Information about the absolute stress state in the upper crust plays a crucial role in the planning and execution of e.g., directional drilling, stimulation and exploitation of geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs. Since many of these applications are related to sediments, we present a refined geomechanical-numerical model for Germany with focus on sedimentary basins, able to predict the complete 3D stress tensor. The lateral resolution of the model is 2.5 km, the vertical resolution about 250 m. Our model contains 22 units with focus on the sedimentary layers parameterized with individual rock properties. The model results show an overall good fit with magnitude data of the minimum (Shmin) and maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) that are used for the model calibration. The mean of the absolute stress differences between these calibration data and the model results is 4.6 MPa for Shmin and 6.4 MPa for SHmax. In addition, our predicted stress field shows good agreement to several supplementary in situ data from the North German Basin, the Upper Rhine Graben and the Molasse Basin.
Sexual Development Dysgenesis in Interspecific Hybrids of Rice Fish
Authors: Martinez-Bengochea Anabel , Kneitz Susanne , Herpin Amaury , Nóbrega Rafael Henrique , Adolfi Mateus C. , Schartl Manfred 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fish are amongst vertebrates the group with the highest diversity of known sex-determining genes. Particularly, the genus Oryzias is a suitable taxon to understand how different sex determination genetic networks evolved in closely related species. Two closely related species, O. latipes and O. curvinotus, do not only share the same XX/XY sex chromosome system, but also the same male sex-determining gene, dmrt1bY. We performed whole mRNA transcriptomes and morphology analyses of the gonads of hybrids resulting from reciprocal crosses between O. latipes and O. curvinotus. XY male hybrids, presenting meiotic arrest and no production of sperm were sterile, and about 30% of the XY hybrids underwent male-to-female sex reversal. Both XX and XY hybrid females exhibited reduced fertility and developed ovotestis while aging. Transcriptome data showed that male-related genes are upregulated in the XX and XY female hybrids. The transcriptomes of both types of female and of the male gonads are characterized by upregulation of meiosis and germ cell differentiation genes. Differences in the parental species in the downstream pathways of sexual development could explain sex reversal, sterility, and the development of intersex gonads in the hybrids. Our results provide molecular clues for the proximate mechanisms of hybrid incompatibility and Haldane’s rule.
LonP1 Links UPRmt and UPRER to Regulate Heart Function
Authors: Li Yujie , Huang Dawei , Shangguan Fugen , Jia Lianqun , Lan Linhua , Gong Shiwei , Shi Yingchao , Song Zhiying , Xu Juan , Yan Chaojun , Chen Tongke , Xu Mingjie , Huang Xingxu , Suzuki Carolyn K. , Yang Zhongzhou , Yang Guanlin , Lu Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Protein quality control is pivotal to cellular homeostasis and integrity of cardiomyocytes for maintenance of normal heart function. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive process to modulate protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and is accordingly termed UPRER and UPRmt, respectively. Lon protease (LonP1) is a highly conserved mitochondrial protease to modulate UPRmt, which is involved in regulating metabolism, mitophagy, and stress response. However, whether LonP1 regulates UPRER remains elusive. To investigate the regulation of protein quality control in cardiomyocytes, we generated cardiac-specific LonP1 deletion mice. Our findings show that LonP1 deficiency caused impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and fragmentation. Surprisingly, both UPRER and UPRmt is substantially induced in LonP1-deletion heart suggesting of LonP1 as a novel regulator of UPRER; however, the activation of UPRER occurs earlier than UPRmt in response to LonP1 deletion. Consequently, cardiac-specific LonP1 deficiency causes aberrant metabolic reprogramming of cardiomyocytes, pathological heart remodeling, as well as impeded heart function. We uncovered the novel function of LonP1 as an UPRmt mediator, and reciprocal orchestration of UPRmt and UPRER and mitochondrial dynamics regulated by LonP1 in the cardiomyocytes that is critical to maintain heart function, which offers exciting new insights into the potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
Water and Heat-Triggered Changes of Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Biological Soil Crusts
Authors: Wei Xiaoting , Qin Fuwen , Han Bing , Zhou Huakun , Liu Miao , Shao Xinqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims：The outstanding ability of biological soil crusts (BSCs) in soil microenvironments regulation is mainly attribute to microorganisms that colonizing in biocrusts. We aimed to investigate the changes of bacterial community structure and function with biocrust succession, as well as their responses to climatic changes across large geographical scales.Methods: Algal BSCs and lichen BSCs were sampled along an aridity gradient on alpine grasslands. Bacterial communities in biocrusts were measured using high-throughput sequencing, and soil underlying biocrusts (0-5 cm) was collected for nutrients determination. Results: Our results indicated that compared with algal BSCs, bacterial community in lichen BSCs was characterized by lower diversity, more complex co-occurrence network and mutually beneficial relationships. The bacterial community assembly was governed mainly by stochastic processes for lichen BSCs, which was different from the almost equally important roles of stochastic and deterministic processes for algal BSCs. Geographical location had a significant effect on bacterial communities in both algal and lichen BSCs, while had a greater effect on lichen BSCs. It is noteworthy that the bacterial diversity of algal BSCs was positively correlated with aridity index, while that of lichens was negatively correlated with aridity index. Moreover, we determined lower soil pH and higher soil phosphorus content underlying lichen BSCs, implying their advantages in soil improvement. Conclusions: Aridity index was one of important driving factors of bacterial community in biocrusts, and its effects were biocrust type dependent. Lichen BSCs had greater effects on soil improvement than that of algal BSCs.
Study on the Radial Sectional Velocity Distribution and Wall Shear Stress Associated With Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Song Zhiyong , Zhu Pengrui , Yang Lianzhi , Liu Zhaohui , Li Hua , Li Ruonan , Zhu Weiyao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAtherosclerosis is an important cause of cardiovascular disease. The wall shear stress (WSS) is one of the key factors of plaque formation and dislodgement. Currently, WSS estimation is based on measurement of the blood velocity gradient. However, due to the lack of flow field measurements in carotid stenosis vessels, the two distribution forms (parabolic and non-parabolic) commonly considered in numerical simulations could cause WSS estimates to differ by more than 40%, which could seriously affect the accuracy of mechanical analysis. MethodsThis study was the first to apply 3D printing technology to create an experimental model of real-structure carotid arteries. Microparticle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) was adopted to comprehensively measure blood velocity field data at the stenosis location, providing experimental validation of numerical simulation (Fluent; finite volume method) results. Then, the flow field was simulated at a normal human heart rate (45-120 beats per minute). ResultsThis study revealed that when blood flowed across the carotid artery stenosis location, the velocity distribution was not parabolic but rather a plateau-shaped distribution, with a similar flow velocity in the central area (more than 65% of the total flow path). The WSS values calculated based on a parabolic velocity distribution and the maximum velocity were nearly 60% lower.ConclusionThis study provides a reliable method for WSS determination to better understand the vascular stenosis location and facilitate flow and shear force field research. In the future, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on the relationship between the plaque shape, flow field distribution and WSS, and amendments to the calculated WSS for clinical stenosis should be proposed.
Synthesis of silk sericin stabilized silver (Ag-Ser) nanoparticles using Tollens’ method and investigation of its colloidal stability
Authors: Saraçoğlu Mert , Bacınoğlu Begüm , Mertdinç Sıddıka , Timur Servet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, sericin extracted from Bombyx mori silk cocoons was integrated into the well-known Tollens’ method for synthesizing Ag-NPs. Sericin successfully acted as a stabilizer while silver amine complex [Ag(NH3)2]+ was reduced by maltose. As a result, silver nanoparticles with high stability are formed. Possible functional groups related to the stabilization of NPs were investigated by Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Ag-Ser NPs were characterized by using particle size measurements based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the characterization investigations, Ag-Ser NPs have characteristic (111) face-centered cubic (FFC) plane and were spherical in shape with a narrow size distribution of 20.23 ±6.25 nm. Overall, the sericin-modified Tollens’ method for synthesizing Ag-NPs offers a simple and non-toxic production method to form nanoparticles. Colloidal stability of nanoparticles displays an essential role since their enhanced nano-properties can be diminished by an increase in size due to aggregation and agglomeration. Therefore, the effect of pH on particle stability was investigated through the surface charge of Ag-Ser NPs that was measured using a Zeta-potential analyzer. Results obtained from this study may extend the applicability of silver nanoparticles in biotechnological researches and a potential synthesis route for the application of Ag-Ser NPs as aseptic and therapeutic usages.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Isolation, Characterization, Structural Elucidation and Antibacterial Activities of Leaves Extracts Rhus Vulgaris (Kimmo)
Authors: Anteneh Aderaw , W/Hana Getachew G/Mariam , Meshesha Desta Shumuye 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Rhus vulgaris commonly known as sumac, a plant that is known to possess different therapeutic values including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Medicines from plants contributed largely to human health. The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents, isolate, elucidate the structure and antibacterial activity of methanol extract from the leaves of Rhus vulgaris.Methods: The methanolic extract of Rhus vulgaris was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with solvent mixture of methanol: chloroform (1:8) ratio. The eluted fractions were run in the TLC mobile phase with the different solvent ratio. Based on the TLC profile the fractions with similar Rf values were pooled together. The structure of the isolated compound was characterized based on the spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT) and extracts from Rhus vulgaris has been shown to have antibacterial activity were tested against four strains bacteria Streptococcus aureus(gram-positive) and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae (gram-negative) using Agar well diffusion method.Result: The results showed that the methanol extracts were active against all the tested bacteria. The structure of this compound 1-p-tolyl pentadeca-7,9-dien-1-ol was characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectral data.Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the use of herbal plants and their recipes are the major source of drugs in a traditional medicinal system to cure different diseases.
One-Pot Fabrication Cellulose/Silica Composite Microcapsules and Their Application in Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Lin Ling , Wang Chunxia , Mao Haiyan , Wu Huanling , Li Ziyin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Research on multi-functional fabrics is an inevitable trend in the future development of textile field. Nevertheless, the key to the development of multifunctional fabric is how to solve the problem of contradictory function combination and how to achieve the multifunctions. In this work, a novel multifunctional fabric based on cellulose/silica microcapsules was developed by using green, facile and economical methods. Owing to the loaded essence and hydrophobic coupling reagent and UV absorber modified silica of microcapsules, the coated fabric not only exhibited slow-release property of fragrance, but also had excellent superhydrophobicity and ultraviolet (UV) protection. Furthermore, multifunctional fabric also displayed the durable superhydrophobicity and UV protection even after chemically or mechanically damaged. The development of mulfunctional fabrics largely depends on the development of textile functional finishing agent and finishing technology. Therefore, it is very important to develop new functional micrcapsules or finishing agent.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Modulates The Immune Status of M2 Macrophages in Experimental Periodontitis Induced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Mice
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Guan Ning , Gao Xiu-qiu , Wang Lin-yuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: M2 macrophages are important innate immune cells that participate in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the immune status of M2 macrophages in periodontitis has not been reported.Methods: An experimental model of periodontitis was established in mice by oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, and then ATRA or vehicle was administered orally to model mice every other day (P.g+ATRA and P.g+CMC mice, respectively). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the numbers of F4/80+CD206+ M2 macrophages in the gingiva, spleen, and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF). M2 macrophage–related cytokines were quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results: Compared with P.g+CMC mice, P.g+ATRA mice showed a significantly reduced cemento-enamel junction to alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) distance. The percentage of F4/80+CD206+ M2 macrophages in gingiva, PLF and spleen in model mice increased after ATRA treatment. The mRNA expression levels of M2 macrophage­–related cytokines (IL-10, TGF-b1 and Arg-1) in gingiva, PLF and spleen of P.g+ATRA mice were higher than those of P.g+CMC mice.Conclusions: These results suggested that ATRA modulates the immune status of M2 macrophages and provides protection against periodontitis by enhancing M2 activation.
Orexin 2 Receptor (OX2R) Protein Distribution Measured by Autoradiography Using Radiolabeled OX2R-Selective Antagonist EMPA in Rodent Brain and Peripheral Tissues
Authors: Mitsukawa Kayo , Kimura Haruhide 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Orexin, a neuropeptide, performs various physiological functions, including the regulation of emotion, feeding, metabolism, respiration, and sleep/wakefulness, by activating the orexin 1 receptor and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R). Owing to the pivotal role of OX2R in wakefulness and other biological functions, OX2R agonists are being developed. A detailed understanding of OX2R protein distribution is essential for determining the mechanisms of action of OX2R agonists; however, this has been hindered by the lack of selective antibodies. In this study, we first confirmed the OX2R-selective binding of [3H]-EMPA in in vitro autoradiography studies, using brain slices from OX2R knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. Subsequently, OX2R protein distribution in rats was comprehensively assessed in 51 brain regions and 10 peripheral tissues using in vitro autoradiography with [3H]-EMPA. The widespread distribution of OX2R protein, including that in previously unrecognized regions of the retrosplenial cortex and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, was identified. In contrast, negligible/very low OX2R protein expression was observed in peripheral tissues, suggesting that orexin exerts OX2R-dependent physiological functions primarily through activation of the central nervous system. These data would be useful for understanding the wide range of biological functions of OX2R and the application of OX2R agonists in various disorders.
Evaluation of Jinlida Granules in Improvements to Standard-Reaching Rate of Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms: Results of Secondary Analysis From 12-Week Trial
Authors: Jin De , Zhang Yuqing , Duan Yingying , An Xudong , Kang Xiaomin , Lian Fengmei , Tong Xiaolin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

The previous study found that the Jinlida could significantly reduce levels of blood glucose and enhance the lowing-glucose action of metformin. However, the role of the standard-reaching rate of blood glucose and improving clinical symptoms in Jinlida has yet to be studied. We aimed to elaborate on the efficacy of Jinlida in Type 2 diabetics who experience clinical symptoms based on secondary analysis from the 12-week trial.
Methods

Data were analyzed from a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, study of Jinlida. The standard-reaching rate of blood glucose, total symptom score, the efficacy of single symptom, symptom disappearance rate, symptom improvement rate was evaluated. Then, the correlation of the symptom effective rate and HbA1c was analyzed.
Results

192 T2DM patients were randomly allocated to receive either Jinlida or a placebo for 12 consecutive weeks. The standard-reaching rate of HbA1c (<6.5%) was 25% in the treatment group when compared to 14.9% in the control group. (P=0.046); All the symptom exhibited a change difference, comparing the treatment group to the control group after 12 weeks’ intervention. (P< 0.05); Hunger, polyuria, dry mouth, sweating and dysphoria in chestpalms-soles symptoms exhibited a change difference in the treatment group, compared to that in the control group. (P<0.05). All the symptom exhibited a significant difference in symptom improvement rate. (P<0.05).
Conclusions

Jinlida glandule can effectively improve clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetics including thirsty, fatigue, hunger, polyuria, dry mouth, night-sweat, dysphoria in chenstplms-soles and constipation. It can be used as an effective adjuvant treatment for T2DM who experience those symptoms. However, these findings need to be further confirmed by evidence-based medicine.
Pd On Thermo-Responsive Composite of Silica-Coated Carbon Nanotube And 1-Vinyl-3-Butylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Copolymers As An Efficient Catalyst For Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Abedian-Dehaghani Neda , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, an ionic liquid-containing thermo-responsive heterogeneous catalyst with utility for promoting hydrogenation of nitro-compounds in aqueous media is developed. To prepare the catalyst, silica-coated carbon nanotubes were synthesized and vinyl-functionalized. The resulted compound was then polymerized with 1-viny-3-butylimidazolium bromide and N-isopropylacrylamide. The obtained ionic liquid-containing thermo-responsive composite was palladated via wet-impregnation method to give the final catalyst. Study of the performance of the catalyst confirmed high catalytic activity of the catalyst at temperature above the lower critical solution temperature. Furthermore, the catalyst was highly recyclable and showed negligible Pd leaching upon recycling. Broad substrate scope and selectivity of the catalyst towards reduction of nitro functionality were also confirmed. Furthermore, hot filtration test implied the heterogeneous nature of the catalysis. The comparison of the activity of Pd/CNT-P with some control catalysts approved the importance of hybridization of P and CNT and the presence of ionic liquid for the catalytic activity.
The Effects of Processing Parameters on the Wedge Peel Strength of CF/PEEK Laminates Manufactured Using a Laser Tape Placement Process
Authors: Zhang Chenping , Duan Yugang , Xiao Hong , Wang Ben , Ming Yueke , Zhu Yansong , Zhang Fugan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Manufacturing thermoplastic composites (TPC) with excellent mechanical properties requires advanced methods with reduced costs and better overall efficiencies. In this study, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composite laminates were manufactured using an automated fiber placement (AFP) manufacturing technology. The effects of processing temperature (from 320 ℃ to 500 ℃), lay-up speed (from 20 mm/s to 260 mm/s), consolidation force (from 100 N to 600 N), and prepreg tape tension (from 0 N to 9 N) on the quality of the resulting laminates manufactured using the laser AFP system were investigated. The interlayer bond strength was characterized using wedge peel tests on samples prepared with different process parameters. The studies were complemented by measurements of the thermal properties of the composites using different scanning calorimetry. The optimized process parameter windows were determined to be 360 ℃ to 400 ℃ for the irradiation temperature, 140 mm/s to 160 mm/s for the lay-up speed, 100 N for the consolidation force, and 3 N to 5 N for the prepreg tape tension, respectively. The microscopic analysis of the cross-sections and peel-damaged surfaces revealed that the different distributions of the resin matrix resulting from the different processing parameters affected the interlayer strength. These results may provide an important reference for manufacturing TPC used in aerospace, defense, and automotive applications.