bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miro1 functions as an inhibitory regulator of MFN at elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ levels
Authors: Fatiga Ferdinand F. , Wang Li‐jie , Hsu Tian , Capuno Jenica Irish , Fu Chi‐yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMitochondria function as an integrated network that moves along the microtubules within cells and changes the morphology through membrane fusion and fission events. Mitofusin (MFN) mediates membrane tethering and subsequent fusion of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of MFN function is critical to tackling the pathology related to mitochondrial network imbalance. Here, we reveal a novel inhibitory mechanism of MFN‐mediated fusion by mitochondrial Rho GTPase (Miro1) in response to elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m). We showed that elevated [Ca2+]m prevents the fusion between mitochondria forming the outer membrane tether by ectopically expressing MFN. Lowering [Ca2+]m by treating cells with an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uniporter or knocking down Miro1/2 induces more fused networks. Miro1 interacts with MFN as supported by co‐immunoprecipitation and protein association identified by proximity labeling proteomics. It suggests that Miro1 functions as a Ca2+‐sensor and inhibits MFN function at elevated [Ca2+]m. Miro1 EF‐hand mutant has a compromised inhibitory effect, which reiterates Ca2+‐modulated regulation. Dysregulated Ca2+‐handling and mitochondrial network imbalance are highly relevant in the pathology of cancers, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Miro1 functions as a coordinated Ca2+‐responder by pausing mitochondrial transport while reducing network fusion and cooperating with Drp1‐mediated fission. It likely prevents the detrimental effect of Ca2+m overload and facilitates mitophagy. Our finding reveals a novel regulation of mitochondrial network dynamics responding to [Ca2+]m through the interplay of Miro1 and MFN. Modulation of Miro1 and MFN interaction is a potential intervention to promote network homeostasis.
Aqueous two‐phase systems in Latin America: perspective and future trends
Authors: González‐González Mirna , Picó Guillermo , Lima Álvaro Silva , Ussemane Mussagy Cassamo , Pereira Jorge Fernando Brandão , Fernandez‐Lahore Hector Marcelo , Asenjo Juan A. , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) have been demonstrated to be a simple and robust worldwide applied bioprocessing technology. From high value microscopic to macroscopic biological molecules obtained from a wide broad of matrices, ATPS have shown a high efficiency capacity for their concentration, enrichment, recovery, and purification. Particularly in Latin America, four relevant countries have paved the way and played important leading roles in this transformation history. This perspective article aims to present a critical analysis of the practical evolution of the main implementations of ATPS in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Special attention is given to novel applications of this biphasic bioprocess that are being explored to accomplish visionary therapeutic tasks for the healthcare, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical sectors, as well as other environmental purposes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for extraction of S‐phenylmercapturic acid from urine samples followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ye Haipeng , Shao Ji , Shi Yanpeng , Tan Siwei , Su Kewen , Zhang Ling , Shan Xiaoyue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were prepared and used as sorbents for extraction of S‐phenylmercapturic acid (S‐PMA) from urine samples, followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet‐visible (HPLC‐UV/Vis) analysis. The MMIPs were synthesized by the copolymerization reaction of (phenylthio) acetic acid (template molecule), methacrylic acid (functional monomers) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross‐linkers). The morphology, structure property and surface groups of the prepared MMIPs were characterized by scan electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction pattern, thermogravimetric analyses, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller and vibrating sample magnetometer. The selectivity of the MMIPs was investigated in the presence of interferents. Various parameters affecting the S‐PMA extraction efficiency were investigated, including MMIPs amount, pH, sample volume, desorption solvent, as well as extraction and desorption time. The obtained optimal parameters were as follows: MMIPs amount (20 mg), pH (3.0), sample volume (5 mL), desorption solvent (methanol/acetic acid [9/1, v/v]), extraction time (30 minutes) and desorption time (2 minutes). The method was validated according to the Food and Drug Administration Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation. The calibration curve for the analyte was linear in the concentration range of 0.030‐1.0 mg/L (r = 0.9995). The LOD and LOQ of the method were 0.0080 and 0.0267 mg/L, respectively. The enrichment factor of the MMIPs was 5. The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day tests were in the range of 3.8‐5.1% and 3.9‐6.3%, respectively. The recoveries at three different concentrations of 0.10, 0.50 and 0.80 mg/L ranged between 95.2% and 98.6%. In addition, the MMIPs could be reused for at least eight times. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of S‐PMA in urine samples. In addition, this developed method could be used as a tool in the early screening and clinical diagnosis of benzene intoxication.
Trends in soil temperature in the Icelandic highlands from 1977 to 2019
Authors: Petersen Guðrún Nína 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe soil temperature trend at Hveravellir, a weather station in the Icelandic highlands, is investigated. Hveravellir is stationed in a barren landscape but the site itself is grass covered. The maritime climate of Iceland is warmer than expected for the latitude and the annual temperature at Hveravellir, at 641 m a.s.l., is 0.3°C. Soil temperature has been measured at the site since 1965 at 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm depth but the data is not fully digitized. Here, the time series used span 42 years, from 1977 to 2019. Annual and seasonal trends are calculated as well as the annual number of thawing degree days (TDD) and freezing degree days (FDD). During this period, there has been a considerable warming in Iceland, not only because of global warming but also because of its start coinciding with the end of a local cold period. In the soil, warming is detected in all seasons except May to June, which is the melting season, the end of which varies greatly from year to year. The most warming is found during the autumn and winter months. These results contrast with those from continental cool sites where the largest warming has been seen in the spring months. The autumn cooling starts 2–3 weeks later now than at the start of the time series, resulting in the soil experiencing a longer summer. The number of TDD has increased and the number of FDD has decreased, both in air and in soil. At 100 cm depth TDD has increased by 80°C day dec−1 and FDD decreased by 38°C day dec−1. There is a correlation between the increase in air temperature and soil temperature, for every 1°C increase in 2 m temperature the soil temperature at 100 cm has increased by 0.6°C.
Design and analysis of laser photoelectric detection sensor
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Li Hanshan , Zhang Shanshan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of unstable detection and low detection ability of traditional photoelectric detection target in complex environment, a design method of laser photoelectric detection sensor is proposed. Laser photoelectric detection sensor with active and passive laser detection screen is formed by adding line laser to the traditional photoelectric detection target. According to the characteristics of laser echo energy when the projectile passing through the laser detection screen, the calculation model of the laser echo power received by the photoelectric detector under the random intersection of projectile and target is established, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio calculation function of the system is derived. Through the comparative test, the results show that the detection ability of the laser photoelectric detection sensor is obviously better than that of the traditional photoelectric detection target, especially in the low illumination environment; moreover, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the laser photoelectric detection sensor still follows the law of decreasing with the increase of detection distance, and it keeps the detection characteristics of photoelectric detection system. By increasing the laser emission power, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the laser photoelectric detection sensor is improved to a certain extent, and the detection ability of the system is improved. The results verify that the design method and theoretical model of photoelectric detection sensor proposed in this paper are scientific and feasible.
Addressing psychosocial health in the treatment and care of adolescents with obesity
Authors: Jebeile Hiba , Cardel Michelle I. , Kyle Theodore K. , Jastreboff Ania M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObesity affects 158 million youth worldwide and is associated with psychosocial comorbidity. This review describes weight management options utilized by adolescents, including both self‐directed weight loss and medically supervised obesity treatment interventions, and associated psychosocial impacts. A majority of adolescents with obesity attempt to manage weight on their own, primarily through attempting weight loss, sometimes with supplement use. Approaches such as these are associated with a degree of risk, disordered eating behaviors, and further weight gain. In contrast, medically supervised multicomponent interventions are associated with improved psychosocial health, including quality of life, self‐esteem, and body image, and reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Few studies utilizing antiobesity pharmacotherapy have reported psychosocial outcomes, and trials of bariatric surgery show some early improvements with a need for sustained psychological support following surgery. Greater access to medically supervised treatment services is required to facilitate obesity care for adolescents. Early data on psychosocial health and obesity treatment offer promising outcomes; however, larger randomized controlled trials and longer‐term data are needed. Future research should include both physiological and psychosocial outcomes to assess impact of interventions on the holistic health of adolescents with obesity.
A randomized study of effects of obesity framing on weight stigma
Authors: Parnarouskis Lindsey , Jouppi Riley J. , Cummings Jenna R. , Gearhardt Ashley N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveGrowing evidence suggests highly processed foods may trigger an addictive‐like process, which is associated with obesity. Other research suggests an addictive‐like process occurs in response to eating itself, rather than specific foods. Addiction‐based obesity explanations raise concerns about double stigmatization of people with obesity and addiction. This study compared effects of obesity framings on external and internalized weight stigma.MethodsThe study was preregistered via Open Science Framework. Four hundred and forty‐seven adults read an informational passage that described food addiction, eating addiction, or calorie balance explanations for obesity or a control passage about memory. Participants then completed external and internalized weight stigma measures.ResultsParticipants in the food addiction condition reported higher internalized weight stigma compared with those in the control condition. Obesity framing did not significantly affect external weight stigma compared with the control.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that food addiction explanations for obesity may elicit greater internalized weight stigma than non‐obesity‐related messages. Addiction‐based and traditional obesity explanations do not appear to influence external weight stigma. Illuminating the effects of obesity framing on stigma will help researchers communicate discoveries in ways that mitigate stigma.
Minimum norm partial eigenstructure assignment problems in high‐order system via feedback control
Authors: Yu Peizhao , Wang Chuang , Fang Jie , Sun Junwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, the minimum norm partial eigenstructure assignment problem (MNPESAP) is considered in a symmetric high‐order system using feedback control law with the highest‐order derivative term. Two new orthogonality relations are constructed using the system matrices and undetermined feedback gains. The parametric expressions of the feedback controller and the necessary and sufficient condition for solving the partial eigenstructure assignment problem are derived. The Sylvester matrix equations and gradient formula are presented for solving MNPESAP. An algorithm is proposed to obtain the minimum norm solutions of feedback gains using gradient‐based optimization method. Numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of given results.
Quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix and processed products based on the analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector
Authors: Xie Qi , Tian Hemiao , Huan Xiaohan , Cao Lanlan , Wang Yan , Cheng Xuemei , Ning Chuguang , Hu Fangdi , Wang Changhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionCodonopsis Radix (CR) is an edible food and traditional Chinese herb medicine that is widely used in China and Southeast Asia. Saccharides, including fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) and polysaccharides, are among the most important active substances in CR. However, a quality evaluation of CR based on oligosaccharides has not been conducted.ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector method (HPLC‐CAD) for the quality evaluation of CR and processed products based on analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides.MethodA sensitive and rapid HPLC‐CAD method for the simultaneous determination of two monosaccharides (D‐fructose and D‐glucose), sucrose, and FOS (GF2–GF6) was established to evaluate the quality of CR for the first time. In the present study, 65 batches of CR from three species of the genus Codonopsis were analysed using multivariate statistical techniques. Furthermore, the effects of cultivation management measures (plant growth retardants supply, harvesting time, and growth period) and primary process (drying methods) in the production areas on the target compounds were studied by analysing 34 batches of processed samples.ResultsDifferent varieties of CR resulted in considerably different saccharide contents. Cultivation management measures and processing method remarkably affected the quality of CR. Low concentration of plant growth retardants was recommended. The best harvest time is in October after 4 years of growth. Dryer‐drying was suggested to meet the requirement for large‐scale processing.ConclusionThis method would provide an efficient analytical tool for monosaccharides and oligosaccharides of CR and contribute to the improvement of CR quality.
Targeted covariance inflation for 3D‐volume radar reflectivity assimilation with the LETKF
Authors: Vobig Klaus , Stephan Klaus , Blahak Ulrich , Khosravian Kobra , Potthast Roland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) suggested by Hunt et al., 2007 is a very popular method for ensemble data assimilation. It is the operational method for convective‐scale data assimilation at Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). At DWD, based on the LETKF, three‐dimensional volume radar observations are assimilated operationally for the operational ICON‐D2. However, one major challenge for the LETKF is the situation where observations show precipitation (reflectivity) whereas all ensemble members do not show such reflectivity at a given point in space. In this case, there is no sensitivity of the LETKF with respect to the observations, and the analysis increment based on the observed reflectivity is zero. The goal of this work is to develop a targeted covariance inflation (TCI) for the assimilation of 3D‐volume radar data based on the LETKF, adding artificial sensitivity and making the LETKF react properly to the radar observations. The basic idea of the TCI is to employ an additive covariance inflation as entrance point for the LETKF. Here, we construct perturbations to the simulated observation which are used by the core LETKF assimilation step. The perturbations are constructed such that they exhibit a correlation between humidity and reflectivity. This leads to a change in humidity in such a way that precipitation is more likely to occur. We describe and demonstrate the theoretical basis of the method. We then present a case study where targeted covariance inflation leads to a clear improvement of the LETKF and precipitation forecast. All examples are based on the German radar network and the ICON‐D2 model over Central Europe.
Stability of nonlinear distributed delay system with parameter uncertainties: Integral‐based event‐triggered impulsive control strategy
Authors: Li Hongfei , Zhang Liruo , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yu Junzhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the stability of nonlinear uncertain distributed delay system via integral‐based event‐triggered impulsive control (IETIC) strategy. First, a IETIC mechanism is presented to reduce the redundant data transmission over the system, in which the integral‐based event‐triggered mechanism uses the integration of system states over a time period in the past. Second, a new lemma is proposed to eliminate the Zeno behavior of the established model through the IETIC mechanism. Third, a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) method related to probability density function is constructed to guarantee the stability of the established model based on LMI conditions, where a probability density function is introduced as a distributed delay kernel. Compared with existing methods, the constructed novel LKF method is less conservative or requiring less number of decision variables. Numerical examples are further provided to confirm the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
The first Silurian trilobite with three‐dimensionally preserved soft parts reveals novel appendage morphology
Authors: Siveter Derek J. , Fortey Richard A. , Briggs Derek E. G. , Siveter David J. , Sutton Mark D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first Silurian trilobite known with soft parts preserved, a Dalmanites species, is described from the Herefordshire Lagerstätte. Biramous appendages and much of the alimentary system are evident. High‐fidelity three‐dimensional preservation reveals a novel arrangement of the exopod, in which successive filaments are connected by a presumed membrane. This morphology explains a misinterpretation of the exopod as supporting spiral structures, originally reported nearly 150 years ago. Comparison with other trilobite limbs indicates that the exopod morphology of Dalmanites is present in other members of Phacopida. The function of the exopod is considered to be primarily respiratory.
Antibiotic resistance and random amplified polymorphic DNA typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical and water samples
Authors: Giri Shobha , Shekar Malathi , Shetty A. Veena , G Puneeth T. , Shetty Avinash K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to screen for the presence of multidrug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from diarrheal stool and environmental water samples and to check the epidemiological link between the two categories. Isolates obtained after culturing on different media were tested for antibiotic resistance and extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) production. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was done for important β‐lactamase encoding genes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing was done using two primers. Results showed a high prevalence of K. pneumoniae from fish market effluents compared with stool and well water. Stool isolates showed high resistance to ceftazidime (80.0%) and cefepime (80.0%), fish market effluent isolates to cefoperazone–sulbactam (92.1%), and erythromycin (78.9%), while well water isolates to erythromycin (72.7%) and cefuroxime (54.4%). The ESBL genes blaCTX, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected in 22.85%, 14.28%, and 42.85% of K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. The results of RAPD‐PCR showed high genetic similarities between the isolates from different sources.Practitioner Points

Detection of multi‐drug resistant Klebsiella strains in hospital wastewater and drinking water sources has progressively increased since its emerging resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins and carbapenems.
Detection of beta‐lactamase encoding genes by molecular techniques and typing by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) can be useful in identifying the genetic fingerprints for epidemiological study.
Implementation of effective antimicrobial stewardship program and infection control policy thereby helps assess the risk factors associated with infections.
Liquidity and the Impact of Information Shocks: A Macroeconomics Course Application
Authors: Ozenbas Deniz , Pagano Michael S. , Schwartz Robert A. , Weber Bruce W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter explains how “information shocks” can affect the liquidity of financial markets and stock prices. The focus is on unexpected macroeconomic news as a key type of information shock. The final portion of the chapter discusses some realworld events that demonstrate the effects of these shocks on financial markets and how investors react to unexpected macroeconomic news items.
Trading and Technology: An Information Systems Course Application
Authors: Ozenbas Deniz , Pagano Michael S. , Schwartz Robert A. , Weber Bruce W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFinancial markets today are highly computerized -- from software-driven order submission to price determination to straight-through clearing and settlement -- computer technology has displaced manual activities and streamlined functions throughout the trading value chain. The previous chapters examined microeconomic principles that underpin trading and price-setting, and finance theory that provides analytical frameworks for market outcomes. Our analysis introduces real market frictions and examines how transactions costs and heterogeneity among market participants makes market structure and tracing mechanism design crucial determinants of market outcomes and behavior. . In this chapter, we drill down further into the realities of a non-frictionless market in order to focus on how technology can enhance the efficiency of an actual marketplace. Challenging market design issues are encountered when developing and operating an actual trading facility, and as IT professionals know, the devil is in the details. The practical considerations in operating a market system successfully are the next topic this book addresses.