bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Does Perceived Value Affect Kiwi Growers' Sustainable Application of Green Agricultural Technology in China? - Moderating Effect Analysis Based on Government Support
Authors: Xiang Wen , Gao Jianzhong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Unsafe use of pesticides and fertilizers is a concern in rural areas of China, resulting in serious threats to environment and the quality of agricultural products. Many works have studied the factors influencing the adoption of green agricultural technology by farmers. However, few studies have explored the factors that lead to a farmer’s sustainable use of green agricultural technology. Based on a survey of 1,138 kiwi growers in Shaanxi province of China, this paper builds a theoretical model to look at this issue and conducts a series of empirical exercises to gain insight into the effects of perceived value, government support and their interaction on kiwi growers' sustainable application of green agricultural technology. We find that (1) Perceived monetary and non-monetary benefits positively affect the sustainable application of green agricultural technology by farmers while perceived monetary and non-monetary risks affect it negatively. In addition, such influence would be enhanced with an increase in the intensity of perceived value and vary with the type of green agricultural technology. (2) Both agricultural extension service and ecological subsidy, as two main forms of government support, have a positive and significant effect on the sustainable application of green agricultural technology. (3) There is also a role for the interaction effects between the influence of perceived value and government support on the sustainable application of green agricultural technology. Therefore, it has been proposed in this paper that the government should expand relevant publicity, education, training, and guidance, offer compensatory incentives for producers, and adopt guiding methods corresponding to different green agricultural technology, so as to promote the sustainable application of green production modes by farmers.
Microbial iron(III) reduction during palsa collapse promotes greenhouse gas emissions before complete permafrost thaw
Authors: Patzner Monique , Logan Merritt , McKenna Amy , Young Robert , Zhou Zhe , Joss Hanna , Mueller Carsten , Hoschen Carmen , Scholten Thomas , Straub Daniel , Kleindienst Sara , Borch Thomas , Kappler Andreas , Bryce Casey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reactive iron (Fe) minerals can preserve organic carbon (OC) in soils overlying intact permafrost. With permafrost thaw, reductive dissolution of iron minerals releases Fe and OC into the porewater, potentially increasing the bioavailability of OC for microbial decomposition. However, the stability of this so-called rusty carbon sink, the microbial community driving mineral dissolution, the identity of the iron-associated carbon and the resulting impact on greenhouse gas emissions are unknown. We examined palsa hillslopes, gradients from intact permafrost-supported palsa to semi-wet partially-thawed bog in a permafrost peatland in Abisko (Sweden). Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we found that Fe-bound OC in intact palsa is comprised of loosely bound more aliphatic and strongly-bound more aromatic species. Iron mineral dissolution by both fermentative and dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction releases Fe-bound OC along the palsa hillslopes, before complete permafrost thaw. The increasing bioavailability of dissolved OC (DOC) leads to its further decomposition, demonstrated by an increasing nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) and a peak in bioavailable acetate (61.7±42.6 mg C/L) at the collapsing palsa front. The aqueous Fe2+ released is partially re-oxidized by Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria but cannot prevent the overall loss of the rusty carbon sink with palsa collapse. The increasing relative abundance and activity of Fe(III)-reducers is accompanied by an increasing abundance of methanogens and a peak in methane (CH4) emissions at the collapsing front. Our data suggest that the loss of the rusty carbon sink directly contributes to carbon dioxide (CO2) production by Fe(III) reduction coupled to OC oxidation and indirectly to CH4 emission by promoting methanogenesis even before complete permafrost thaw.
Effect of Collaborative Governance on Medical and Nursing Service Combination: An Evaluation Based on Delphi and Entropy Method
Authors: chang beiquan , Yang yansui , Leon Guillermo Andres Buitrago 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BackgroundImproved of synergies on medical and nursing services can help governments to optimize the allocation of medical resources, however, an appropriate evaluation method is critical for an appropriate decision process in this regard. MethodTo assess medical and nursing service combination (MNSC) at regional level, this study applied a 5-dimension evaluation index composed by 28 basic response areas related to the MNSC development status in China determining its respective weight through Delphi and entropy method.ResultThis empirical exercise analyzed the MNSC supply system by interviewing 9 head of medical and nursing institutions and 11 healthcare-related government personnel during august of 2020 in Xinxiang City, Henan province, P.R China. Results showed that (1) public satisfaction with the fees charged by Medical and Nursing service Institutions (MNSI); (2) Medicare and supply services policy publicity; (3) external financing situation of MNSI, (4) medical staff professional quality; (5) medical facilities and supply of MNSI; and (6) recognition level of the development plan of MNSI scored the highest effect on the synergy of MNSC supply among the assessed factors. ConclusionThese results showed that an evaluation based on Delphi and Entropy Method can effectively integrate the opinions of experts and related institutions to evaluate synergies on medical and nursing service supply.
Greedy Randomized and Maximal Weighted Residual Kaczmarz Methods with Oblique Projection
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Weiguo , Bao Wendi , Liu Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For solving large-scale consistent linear system, a greedy randomized Kaczmarz method with oblique projection and a maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz method with oblique projection are proposed. By using oblique projection, these two methods greatly reduce the number of iteration steps and running time to find the minimum norm solution, especially when the rows of matrix A are close to linear correlation. Theoretical proof and numerical results show that the greedy randomized Kaczmarz method with oblique projection and the maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz method with oblique projection are more effective than the greedy randomized Kaczmarz method and the maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz method respectively.
Phosphate and iron stress control global surface ocean dissolved organic phosphorus concentrations
Authors: Liang Zhou , Letscher Robert , Knapp Angela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) has a dual role in the surface ocean as both a product of primary production and as an organic nutrient fueling primary production and nitrogen fixation, especially in oligotrophic gyres. Though poorly constrained, understanding the geographic distribution and environmental controls of surface ocean DOP concentration is critical to estimating distributions and rates of primary production and nitrogen fixation in the global ocean. Here we pair DOP concentration measurements with a metric of phosphate (PO43−) stress (P*), and satellite-based chlorophyll a concentrations and iron stress estimates to explore their relationship with upper 50 m DOP stocks. Our results show that PO43− and iron stress work together to control surface DOP concentrations at basin scales. Specifically, upper 50 m DOP stocks decrease with increasing phosphate stress, while alleviated iron stress leads to either surface DOP accumulation or loss depending on PO43− availability. Our work suggests an interdependence between DOP concentration, inorganic nutrient ratios, and iron availability, and establishes a predictive framework for DOP distributions in the global surface ocean.
A Facilely Synthesized Tourmaline-Biochar Composite For Enhanced Removal of Cr (VI) From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lu Qi , Huang Siyi , Ma Xiaorui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A tourmaline-biochar composite (TMBC) was facilely synthesized to effectively remove Cr (Ⅵ) from aqueous solution. The effects of different ratio (TM: BC) and pyrolysis temperature on TMBC adsorption performance were compared for optimal condition of TMBC preparation. The TMBC samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The kinetics and thermodynamics were analyzed to investigate the sorption mechanism for removal of Cr (VI). The results showed that the proper pyrolysis temperature was 650℃, and the ratio of TM and BC was 1:3. SEM results showed that there are many pores in the biochar structure, which is helpful for tourmaline dispersion. The adsorption kinetics was fitted well by the pseudo-second-order model, indicating the sorption is related to chemical absorption. Freundlich adsorption isotherms suggested monolayer adsorption between Cr (Ⅵ) and TMBC, and the maximum adsorption capacity of TMBC for Cr (Ⅵ) was 53.10 mg/g at initial pH 4.0, which is more than twice higher than pristine TM (17.85 mg/g). Such adsorption mechanisms included water automatically polarized, ion exchange and electrode adsorption, among which the automatic polarization of water caused by tourmaline was the unique adsorption property of TMBC. So TMBC composite can be used as an economic adsorbent in the remediation of heavy metal pollution in water.
ESIKE: An efficient and secure internet key exchange protocol
Authors: ahmim marwa , Ahmim Ahmed , Ferrag Mohamed amine , ghoualmi-zine Nacira , Maglaras Leandros 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The use of Internet key exchange protocols in IP Security architecture and in IoT environments has vulnerabilities against various malicious attacks and affects communication efficiency. To address these weaknesses, we propose a novel efficient and secure Internet key exchange protocol (ESIKE), which achieves a high level of security along with low computational cost and energy consumption. ESIKE achieves perfect forward secrecy, anonymity, known-key security and untraceability properties. ESIKE can resist several attacks, such as, replay, DoS, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle and modification. In addition, the formal security validation using AVISPA tools confirms the superiority of ESIKE in terms of security.
Selfish Personalities Influencing Start-up Intention and Motivation: A Study of Vietnam
Authors: Lien Tran Thi Hong , Anh Tran Tu , Anh Truong Nhat , Anh Le Huu Tuan , Thao Ngo Thi Thien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This research explores the influences of selfish personalities of dark triad on start-up intention and motives based on a sample of 400 university students in Vietnam, discovering mixed effects of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. A high level of narcissism and Machiavellianism leads to high start-up intention. There is a negative relationship of Machiavellianism with pro-social motive and a positive association with selfish entrepreneurship. In addition, narcissism is positively associated with pro-social star-tup motives. This study has found no effect of psychopathy but a positive link to selfish entrepreneurial motivation. Implications have been suggested for educators and investors.
Extracting Predictive Representations from Hundreds of Millions of Molecules
Authors: Chen Dong , Wei Guowei , Pan Feng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although deep learning can automatically extract features in relatively simple tasks such as image analysis, the construction of appropriate representations remains essential for molecular predictions due to intricate molecular complexity. Additionally, it is often expensive, time-consuming, and ethically constrained to generate labeled data for supervised learning in molecular sciences, leading to challenging small and diverse datasets. In this work, we develop a self-supervised learning approach via a masking strategy to pre-train transformer models from over 700 million unlabeled molecules in multiple databases. The intrinsic chemical logic learned from this approach enables the extraction of predictive representations from task-specific molecular sequences in a fine-tuned process. To understand the importance of self-supervised learning from unlabeled molecules, we assemble three models with different combinations of databases. Moreover, we propose a new protocol based on data traits to automatically select the optimal model for a specific predictive task. To validate the proposed representation and protocol, we consider 10 benchmark datasets in addition to 38 ligand-based virtual screening datasets. Extensive validation indicates that the proposed representation and protocol show superb performance.
Co-Inheritance of G6PD Deficiency and 211 G to A Variation of UGT1A1 in Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia In Eastern Guangdong
Authors: Xu Jia-Xin , Lin Fen , Chen Zi-Kai , Luo Zhao-Yun , Zhan Xiao-Fen , Wu Jiao-Ren , Ma Yu-Bin , Li Jian-Dong , Yang Li-Ye 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which may manifest as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, is the most prevalent erythrocytic enzyme-related disease in the world.Objective: To investigate the association between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and co-inheritance of G6PD deficiency and 211 G to A variation of UGT1A1 in Chaozhou city of eastern Guangdong province, the effects of G6PD deficiency and UGT1A1 gene variant on the bilirubin level were determined in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.Method: The activity of G6PD was assayed by an auto-bioanalyzer. PCR and flow-through hybridization were used to detect 14 common G6PD mutations in G6PD deficient neonates. 211 G to A variation of UGT1A1 was determined by PCR and sequencing. The data of neonatal peak bilirubin was collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results: 74 cases of the 882 hyperbilirubinemia neonates were G6PD deficiency (8.39%) while 12 cases of the 585 non-hyperbilirubinemia neonates (control group) were G6PD deficiency (2.05%). The rate of G6PD deficiency in the hyperbilirubinemia group was higher than that of the control group. Moreover, the peak bilirubin in the G6PD-deficient group of hyperbilirubinemia neonates was 334.43±79.27μmol/L, higher than that of the normal G6PD group of hyperbilirubinemia neonates (300.30±68.62 μmol/L). The most common genotypes of G6PD deficiency were c.1376G>T and c.1388G>A, and the peak bilirubin of neonates with these two variants were 312.60±71.81μmol/L and 367.88±75.79 μmol/L, respectively. The bilirubin level of c.1388G>A was significantly higher than that of c.1376G>T. Among the 74 hyperbilirubinemia neonates with G6PD deficiency, 6 cases were 211 G to A homozygous mutation (bilirubin levels 369.55±84.51 μmol/L), 27 cases were 211 G to A heterozygous mutation (bilirubin levels 341.50±63.21 μmol/L), and 41 cases were wild genotypes (bilirubin levels 324.63±57.52 μmol/L). Conclusion: The rate of G6PD deficiency in hyperbilirubinemia neonates was significantly higher than that of the non-hyperbilirubinemia neonates in Chaozhou. For the hyperbilirubinemia group, neonates with G6PD deficiency had a higher bilirubin level compared to those with normal G6PD. For hyperbilirubinemia neonates with G6PD deficiency, there was a declining trend of bilirubin levels among 211 G to A homozygous mutation, heterozygous mutation, and wild genotype, but there was no significance statistically among the three groups.
Cup-to-Disc Ratio Based Efficient Glaucoma Prediction on Fundus Images Using Tripartite Tier Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: G Prabaharan , R Pitchai , Ch Madhu Babu , M Kalaiyarasi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Glaucoma is a condition that causes permanent damage to the optic nerves, resulting in partial or total vision loss. In this paper, a deep learning model using Tripartite Tier Convolutional Neural Network (TTCNN) structure is proposed to detect the glaucomatous images from the normal images. The proposed system includes different steps such as preprocessing, attribute extraction, and glaucoma evaluation. Preprocessing discusses how to convert RGB fundus images to grayscale and how to improve fundus feature contrast. Then, the optic cup (OC) and optic disc (OD) boundaries are fragmented during the attribute extraction using TTCNN. Finally, the Cup-to-Disc Ratio (CDR) has been determined to diagnose glaucoma in the image. This system has been verified on two different publicly available datasets DRIVE and RIM-ONE, yielding an average sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision in glaucoma diagnosis of 84.50%, 98.01%, 99%, and 84% respectively. The obtained results show that the proposed recognition system is suitable for detecting glaucoma with higher precision.
Exosomal MMP-1 transfers metastasis potential in triple-negative breast cancer through PAR1-mediated EMT
Authors: Zhu Yihui , Tao Zhonghua , Chen Ying , Lin Shuchen , Zhu Mingyu , Li Ting , Hu Xichun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with high risk of distant metastasis, in which the intercellular communication between tumor cells also plays a role. Exosomes can be released by tumor cells and promote distant metastasis through intercellular communication or changes in tumor microenvironment, it is an optimized transportation facility for biologically active payloads. This was a hypothesis-generating research on role of exosomal payload in TNBC distant metastasis.
Methods
Exosomes isolated from supernatant of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-HM (a highly pulmonary metastatic variant of parental MDA-MB-231 cells) were characterized. Transwell assay, wound healing and CCK-8 assay were employed to explore the effect of exosomal MMP-1 on the metastatic capability of TNBC cells in vitro. Human breast cancer lung metastasis model in nude mice was established to observe the effect of exosomal MMP-1 in vivo. Tissue microarray and blood samples of TNBC patients were applied to analyze the relevance between MMP-1 with metastasis.
Results
MDA-MB-231-HM cells secrete exosomes enriched MMP-1, which can be taken up and enhance invasion and migration activities of TNBC cells. After ingesting exosomes enriched with MMP-1, cells secrete more MMP-1, which may interact with membrane G protein receptor protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1), thereby initiating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to enhance capability of migration and invasion. The expressions of MMP-1 and PAR1 in the metastases of the 231-HM-exo treated mice were both up-regulated. Clinically, the exosomal MMP-1 can be detected from serum of patients with metastasis at higher concentration than that in pre-operative patients. Moreover, in patients with multiple distant metastases, the level of exosomal MMP-1 is also higher than that in patients with single lesion.
Conclusion
MMP-1 from TNBC cells of high metastasis potential can promote the distant metastasis of transform those with low metastasis potential through PAR1-mediated EMT and is likely to be a potential molecular marker.
Study On Detoxification Mechanism of Three Traditional Dai Antidotes
Authors: Zhang Xuefei , Zhao Junke , Zhu Yu , Yang Lian , Yu Shihui , Ding Qing , Mohammad Imran Shair , Wang Jun , Hu Haiyan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Dai antidotes are the most distinctive medicine and treatment in traditional Dai medicine. Clerodendrum chinense var. simplex, Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon and Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr are three Dai antidotes widely used for their “detoxifying effects”, and their use is rooted in a theoretical system significantly different and much less understood than Western or traditional Chinese medicines. This study aims to provide the mechanistic insights into the detoxifying effects of Dai antidotes, providing a modern scientific basis for understanding and developing Dai medicine as well as encouraging its use in other regions.Methods: We successively extracted the three Dai antidotes using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, or water, and prepared their decoctions. Their contents of total flavonoids and polyphenols were determined by colorimetric method. Their antioxidant activity were tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging assays. Anti-bacterial activity were evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and zones of inhibition (ZOI) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Their anti-inflammatory activity were studied in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through measuring the production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6.Results: The content of total flavonoids in three Dai antidotes ranged from 22.41 to 586.39 mg/g, which is higher than the content of total polyphenols (2.76 to 28.66 mg/g). The various extracts were found to scavenge radicals of DPPH, ·OH and ABTS. They scavenged ABTS radicals much more efficiently (IC50 9.54 μg/mL) than other radicals (IC50 > 380 μg/mL). They weakly inhibited the growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Notably, even at low concentration 60 μg/mL, the extracts can significantly down-regulate nitric oxide production, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 by macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results provide the first mechanistic insights into the detoxifying effects of three Dai antidotes, providing a basis for their optimization and for future research to strengthen Dai medicine through modern scientific practices.
Isolation And Characterization of Biopolymers From Chenopodium Quinoa And Their Immunostimulatory Activity
Authors: Cao Rong-An , Palanisamy Subramanian , Ma Nan , Talapphet Natchanok , Zhang JiaMiao , Wang ChangYuan , You SangGuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides derived from natural resources play a significant role in the field of food science and human health due to their extensive distribution in nature and less toxicity. In this order, the immunostimulatory activity of a non-starch polysaccharide (CQNP) from Chenopodium quinoa was examined before and after and deproteination in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The chemical composition of CQNP and deproteinated- CQNP (D-CQNP) were spectrometrically analysed that revealed the presence of carbohydrate (22.7 ± 0.8% and 39.5± 0.8%), protein (41.4± 0.8% and 20.8± 0.5%) and uronic acid (8.7±0.8% and 6.7± 0.2%). The monosaccharide composition results exposed that CQNP possesses a high amount of arabinose (34.5±0.3) followed by galactose (26.5±0.2), glucose (21.9±0.3), rhamnose (7.0±0.1), mannose (6.0±0.1) and xylose (4.2±0.2). However, after deproteination, a difference was found in the order of the monosaccharide components, with galactose (41.1±0.5) as a major unit followed by arabinose (34.7±0.5), rhamnose (10.9±0.2), glucose (6.6±0.2), mannose (3.4±0.2) and xylose (3.2±0.2). Further, D-CQNP potentially stimulate the RAW 264.7 cells through the production of nitric oxide (NO), upregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and various pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells by D-CQNP takes place along the NF-κB and the MAPKs signaling pathways through the expression of CD40.