bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Follicular Helper T Cell Signature in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Desbois A. C. , Régnier P. , Quiniou V. , Lejoncour A. , Maciejewski‐Duval A. , Comarmond C. , Vallet H. , Rosenzwag M. , Darrasse‐Jèze G. , Derian N. , Pouchot J. , Samson M. , Bienvenu B. , Fouret P. , Koskas F. , Garrido M. , Sène D. , Bruneval P. , Cacoub P. , Klatzmann D. , Saadoun D. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveOur aim was to compare transcriptome and phenotype profiles of CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK), patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), and healthy donors.MethodsGene expression analyses, flow cytometry immunophenotyping, T cell receptor (TCR) gene sequencing, and functional assessments of cells from peripheral blood and arterial lesions from TAK patients, GCA patients, and healthy donors were performed.ResultsAmong the most significantly dysregulated genes in CD4+ T cells of TAK patients compared to GCA patients (n = 720 genes) and in CD4+ T cells of TAK patients compared to healthy donors (n = 1,447 genes), we identified a follicular helper T (Tfh) cell signature, which included CXCR5, CCR6, and CCL20 genes, that was transcriptionally up‐regulated in TAK patients. Phenotypically, there was an increase in CD4+CXCR5+CCR6+CXCR3− Tfh17 cells in TAK patients that was associated with a significant enrichment of CD19+ B cell activation. Functionally, Tfh cells helped B cells to proliferate, differentiate into memory cells, and secrete IgG antibodies. Maturation of B cells was inhibited by JAK inhibitors. Locally, in areas of arterial inflammation, we found a higher proportion of tertiary lymphoid structures comprised CD4+, CXCR5+, programmed death 1+, and CD20+ cells in TAK patients compared to GCA patients. CD4+CXCR5+ T cells in the aortas of TAK patients had an oligoclonal α/β TCR repertoire.ConclusionWe established the presence of a specific Tfh cell signature in both circulating and aorta‐infiltrating CD4+ T cells from TAK patients. The cooperation of Tfh cells and B cells might be critical in the occurrence of vascular inflammation in patients with TAK.
Softcite dataset: A dataset of software mentions in biomedical and economic research publications
Authors: Du Caifan , Cohoon Johanna , Lopez Patrice , Howison James 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoftware contributions to academic research are relatively invisible, especially to the formalized scholarly reputation system based on bibliometrics. In this article, we introduce a gold‐standard dataset of software mentions from the manual annotation of 4,971 academic PDFs in biomedicine and economics. The dataset is intended to be used for automatic extraction of software mentions from PDF format research publications by supervised learning at scale. We provide a description of the dataset and an extended discussion of its creation process, including improved text conversion of academic PDFs. Finally, we reflect on our challenges and lessons learned during the dataset creation, in hope of encouraging more discussion about creating datasets for machine learning use.
Clustering ultrasonic waves propagation time: A hierarchical polynomial semiparametric approach
Authors: Zuanetti Daiane Aparecida , da Paz Rosineide Fernando , Rodrigues Talisson , Mesquita Esequiel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the field of civil engineering, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) can be understood as the process of a material or structural element assessment based on techniques that do not introduces damage to the assessed sample. NDE can be used to inspect the quality of materials or to find some damages, as cracks and voids. This way, ultrasonic data monitoring has become one of the most important tools for detecting local damages in civil engineering elements. Concerning to masonry application, this method consists in the measurement of the time that the ultrasonic wave takes to pass through a material and changes in the ultrasonic wave propagation can be used for identifying damages presence and anomaly. Despite statistical methods be widely used for processing large data sets, in the case of ultrasonic waves some issues need to be overcoming, as the analysis of the path traveled by the ultrasonic wave. Thus, the main aim of this work is to analyze the ultrasonic wave propagation behavior through a new approach of a statistical model. Using a Bayesian semiparametric method with Dirichlet process, a data‐driven hierarchical regression model is applied to simulated and experimental data sets. For simulated data sets, the sensibility of the model in clustering profiles in an unknown number of groups and also detecting outliers is observed. The application in experimental data shows the potential use of the model for real case applications due to its efficiency in identifying different behaviors of the wave propagation in materials. Therefore, considering the advanced of automation and Internet of Things, statistical methods based on clustering are important and useful tools for being explored in the masonry conditions monitoring.
Moment of inertia of magnetized strange stars
Authors: López Pérez Samantha , Manreza‐Paret Daryel , Quintero Angulo Gretel , Pérez Martínez Aurora , Alvear Terrero Diana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe macroscopic structure of magnetized Compact Objects is deformed due to the anisotropy of pressures as a consequence of the magnetic field. In this work, we study the impact of the magnetic deformation in the moment of inertia and mass quadrupole moment of strange stars. In order to do that, we first solve the structure equations using the gamma metric: an axially symmetric metric in spherical coordinates. We also discuss the implication of the magnetic deformation in gravitational wave emissions.
Ground‐level muon flux variation in a cosmic ray simulation
Authors: Pereira Elisa G. , Vasconcellos César A. , Hadjimichef Dimiter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe oscillatory movements of atmospheric air masses have been claimed to be the origin of the muon flux variation measured at the ground level. Using a cosmic ray toolkit (COsmic Ray SImulations for KAscade [CORSIKA]), we simulate cascade scenarios in a time scale of a year and show the dependence of the muon flux pattern with a proposed oscillatory model atmosphere.
Innendämmung und Oberflächentemperaturen an einbindenden Innenwänden
Authors: Worch Anatol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInnendämmungen werden neben dem bekannten Kondensationspotenzial in der sogenannten Tauebene vor allem mit zusätzlichen Wärmebrücken verbunden. Durch die damit einhergehende Temperaturabsenkung werden in aller Regel zusätzliche Dämmmaßnahmen an den Flanken vorgeschrieben. Ziel der hier vorgestellten Parameterstudie ist es, die Grenzen zu bestimmen, ab denen keine zusätzlichen Dämmmaßnahmen an den Flanken der einbindenden Bauteile notwendig sind. Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf dem besonders kritischen Fall, dass die Innendämmung nur an einer Seite des einbindenden Bauteils angebracht ist. Die Oberflächentemperatur an der der Innendämmung abgewandten Seite wird durch eine Flankendämmung nochmals erniedrigt. Gerade dieser Punkt sorgt in der Baupraxis immer wieder für große Unsicherheiten und damit zu einer prinzipiellen Vermeidung von Innendämmungen.Im Rahmen einer umfangreichen Parameterstudie soll der Mindestwärmedurchlasswiderstand der Außenwand ermittelt werden, ab der keine zusätzlichen flankierenden Maßnahmen mehr notwendig sind. Als eine maßgebliche Grenze kann ein Wärmedurchlasswiderstand der Außenwand größer 0,8 (m2K)/W ermittelt werden. Oberhalb dieser Grenze sind in aller Regel wohl keine zusätzlichen Dämmmaßnahmen notwendig. Weitere wichtige Zusammenhänge der maßgeblichen Einflussparameter werden diskutiert und vorgestellt.
Reduzierung des Kunstlichteinsatzes durch Anpassung der Nachlaufzeit an individuelle Anwesenheitsmuster
Authors: Hammes Sascha , Weninger Johannes , Geisler‐Moroder David , Pfluger Rainer , Pohl Wilfried 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGegenwärtig sind präsenzgesteuerte Beleuchtungssysteme meist an konstante und relativ lange Ausschaltverzögerungen gekoppelt, um die Systemakzeptanz gegenüber fehlerhafter Abwesenheitsdetektion sicherzustellen. Die dabei zur Anwendung kommenden, generalisierten und für alle Arbeitsplätze und Gebäudenutzenden gleichen Abschaltzeiten werden meist bereits vor der Erstinbetriebnahme entschieden. Eine Berücksichtigung von Nutzerindividualitäten, welche durch Tätigkeitsprofil und Unternehmenskultur maßgeblich beeinflusst werden, bleibt dabei außen vor. Dabei nehmen Nutzerindividualitäten eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Umsetzung von Konzepten ein, die die energetische Systemperformanz steigern. Die im Folgenden vorgestellte Studie untersucht daher auf Basis von Belegungsdaten die Auswirkungen des Verhaltens von Gebäudenutzenden auf den Energiebedarf. Die identifizierten Anwesenheitsmuster dienen dazu, die Beleuchtungssteuerung auf individueller Ebene zuzuschneiden. Die Ergebnisse führen auf, dass eine signifikante Reduktion der Ausschaltverzögerung und des damit verbundenen Energiebedarfs ohne negative Auswirkungen auf Systemakzeptanzraten oder Nutzerkomfort möglich ist. Eine hohe räumliche Sensorauflösung erweist sich dabei jedoch als Ausgleich zu potenziell erhöhten Falsch‐Aus‐Raten als erforderlich. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Bedeutung der Sensorpositionierung und ‐anzahl herausgestellt.
Non‐Aqueous Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Challenges and Prospects Towards Commercialization
Authors: Hijazi Hussein , Desai Parth , Mariyappan Sathiya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntegration of Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) as a complementary energy storage device to the presently dominating Li‐ion battery (LIB) technology is a must, considering the cost and sustainability issues of lithium. However, despite the important laboratory‐scale achievements concerning Na‐ion electrodes and electrolytes, the improvements needed for realizing battery devices to meet users demands are being relatively slow. More specifically, the development of suitable electrolytes remains as the bottleneck that restrains this technology from meeting the commercial requirements, hence defining a future challenge. This review explains the design strategies in use for NIB electrolytes with a special emphasis on intrinsic differences between Li‐ and Na‐ion chemistries, which are at the origin of difficulties associated with the discovery of optimum electrolytes for NIBs. We highlight the key requirements that an electrolyte must satisfy and related experimental techniques that could be used for quick screening of NIB electrolytes in laboratory‐scale for exploiting in commercial NIB devices.
Impact of Carbon Porosity on Sulfur Conversion in Li−S Battery Cathodes in a Sparingly Polysulfide Solvating Electrolyte
Authors: Kensy Christian , Schwotzer Friedrich , Dörfler Susanne , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdvancing the development of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) technology is advantageous for next generation secondary batteries to improve gravimetric and volumetric energy of established energy storage devices. In this regard, a sparingly PS solvating electrolyte based on sulfolane and hydrofluoroether is known as a promising concept to enhance the volumetric energy density by increasing the cycling stability. So far, little is known about the impact of the carbon porosity on the electrochemical sulfur utilization. Herein, carbon materials with varying pore diameter and architecture (micropores, mesopores and hierarchical pores) are studied as scaffold for Li−S cathodes using TMS/TTE electrolyte to obtain more insights into the relationship between the carbon scaffold porosity and the modified conversion mechanism of sparingly solvating electrolytes. The electrochemical evaluation under lean conditions (5 μl mgS−1) revealed stable cycling performance for all Li−S cathodes. Using microporous electrodes, a reversible quasi‐solid‐state conversion is detected by an additional third discharge plateau being confirmed by cyclovoltammetry. GITT experiments give evidence that the carbon porosity impacts the reaction kinetics of the polysulfide conversion by using TMS/TTE electrolyte. Based on these findings, new mechanistic insights into the operation of Li−S batteries are provided by using sparingly solvating electrolytes.
Achieving a low human dose for targeted covalent drugs: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations on target characteristics and drug attributes
Authors: Yang Zheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCovalent modifications of off‐target biomolecules remain to be a concern for targeted covalent drugs. To guide the design of targeted covalent drugs in achieving a low human daily dose, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was established to quantitatively evaluate target characteristics and drug properties that affect the human dose. Target characteristics, such as expression levels, turnover, and degree of inhibition relevant to efficacy, were evaluated systematically using the model. The drug properties including inactivation potency and drug clearance were also examined. Model simulations revealed that the interplay of target characteristics and drug properties governed the human dose. Particularly, the extent and the duration of target inactivation meaningful to efficacy, as well as the target resynthesis rate measured as the target turnover half‐life, needed to be determined. The target information then served as a basis to inform desired drug inactivation potency and PK properties. The model‐based approach provided a theoretical framework in achieving a low human dose of targeted covalent drugs, and the resultant strategy was successfully applied in the early stage of a Bruton's tyrosine kinase covalent inhibitor project that discovered low‐dose branebrutinib. The PK/PD considerations described are also applicable to the drug design for protein degraders that share the same endpoint as targeted covalent drugs in reducing target levels.
Acardiac twin pregnancies part V: Why does an acardiac twin with renal tissue produce polyhydramnios?
Authors: van Gemert Martin J. C. , Nikkels Peter G. J. , Ross Michael G. , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P. H. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcardiac twinning is a complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. From literature reports, 30 of 41 relatively large acardiac twins with renal tissue produced polyhydramnios within their amniotic compartment. We aim to investigate the underlying mechanisms that cause excess amniotic fluid using an established model of fetal fluid dynamics.MethodsWe assumed that acardiac onset is before 13 weeks, acardiacs with renal tissue have normal kidney function and produce urine flow from 11 weeks on, and acardiac urine production requires a pressure of half the pump twin's mean arterial pressure. We apply a resistance network with the pump twin's arterio‐venous pressure as source, pump umbilical arteries, placenta, placental arterio‐arterial (AA) anastomoses and acardiac resistances. Acardiac amniotic fluid dynamics excluded acardiac lung fluid secretion, swallowing and the relatively small intramembranous flow.ResultsIn small acardiacs with sufficient urine production, polyhydramnios will occur due to the lack of amniotic fluid resorption. Urine production is dependent upon having sufficient mean arterial pressure, which requires nearly a two‐fold larger resistance within the acardiac as compared to the placental AA resistance. Subphysiologic arterial pressure may result in renal dysgenesis.ConclusionOur findings suggest the potential for prediction of which clinical acardiac cases may or may not develop polyhydramnios based upon noninvasive assessments of renal tissue, blood flow and urine production. This information would be of great value in determining early obstetric interventions as opposed to conservative management. These findings may also contribute to an improved knowledge of the fascinating pathophysiology that surrounds acardiac twinning.
Assessment on the binding characteristics of residual marbofloxacin in animal‐derived food to bovine/human serum albumin by spectroscopy and molecular modelling
Authors: Li Xu , Yuan Yue , Zhao Rui , Shao Di , Bi Shuyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo assess the toxicity of residual marbofloxacin from animal‐derived food, the interaction characteristics of marbofloxacin to bovine/human serum albumins (BSA/HSA) were explored using spectroscopic methods combined with molecular modelling. According to fluorescence spectra and time‐resolved fluorescence spectra measurements, quenching of BSA/HSA fluorescence induced by marbofloxacin was characterized as static quenching. A 1:1 ground‐state complex of marbofloxacin to BSA/HSA was formed with binding constant (Ka) 1.66 × 104/9.74 × 103 M−1 at 291 K. The location of marbofloxacin binding at site I within BSA/HSA was clarified by site marker competitive experiments. Molecular modelling demonstrated that the binding region for marbofloxacin to BSA and HSA were at site I with the lowest binding free energies of −22.86 and −21.60 kJ mol−1, respectively. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were dominantly involved in the spontaneous binding. Nonradiation energy transferred from BSA and HSA to marbofloxacin, due to the close distance (r0) between marbofloxacin and Trp residues of BSA (4.28 nm) and HSA (3.34 nm). As explained by circular dichroism (CD) spectra, an increased BSA/HSA α‐helix structure was observed after binding to marbofloxacin. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra suggested that conformation of the two proteins was altered by marbofloxacin.
Modeling coordinated enzymatic control of saccharification and fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum during consolidated bioprocessing of cellulose
Authors: Ahamed Firnaaz , Song Hyun‐Seob , Ho Yong Kuen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of cellulose is a cost‐effective route to produce valuable biochemicals by integrating saccharification, fermentation and cellulase synthesis in a single step. However, the lack of understanding of governing factors of interdependent saccharification and fermentation in CBP eludes reliable process optimization. Here, we propose a new framework that synergistically couples population balances (to simulate cellulose depolymerization) and cybernetic models (to model enzymatic regulation of fermentation) to enable improved understanding of CBP. The resulting framework, named the unified cybernetic‐population balance model (UC‐PBM), enables simulation of CBP driven by coordinated control of enzyme synthesis through closed‐loop interactions. UC‐PBM considers two key aspects in controlling CBP: (1) heterogeneity in cellulose properties and (2) cellular regulation of competing cell growth and cellulase secretion. In a case study on Clostridium thermocellum, UC‐PBM not only provides a decent fit with various exometabolomic data, but also reveals that: (i) growth‐decoupled cellulase‐secreting pathways are only activated during famine conditions to promote the production of growth substrates, and (ii) starting cellulose concentration has a strong influence on the overall flux distribution. Equipped with mechanisms of cellulose degradation and fermentative regulations, UC‐PBM is practical to explore phenotypic functions for primary evaluation of microorganisms’ potential for metabolic engineering and optimal design of bioprocess.
Synergising biomass growth kinetics and transport mechanisms to simulate light/dark cycle effects on photo‐production systems
Authors: Anye Cho Bovinille , de Carvalho Servia Miguel Ángel , del Río Chanona Ehecatl Antonio , Smith Robin , Zhang Dongda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLight attenuation is a primary challenge limiting the upscaling of photobioreactors for sustainable bio‐production. One key to this challenge, is to model and optimise the light/dark cycles so that cells within the dark region can be frequently transferred to the light region for photosynthesis. Therefore, this study proposes the first mechanistic model to integrate the light/dark cycle effects into biomass growth kinetics. This model was initially constructed through theoretical derivation based on the intracellular reaction kinetics, and was subsequently modified by embedding a new parameter, effective light coefficient, to account for the effects of culture mixing. To generate in silico process data, a new multiscale reactive transport modelling strategy was developed to couple fluid dynamics with biomass growth kinetics and light transmission. By comparing against previous experimental and computational studies, the multiscale model shows to be of high accuracy. Based on its simulation result, an original correlation was proposed to link effective light coefficient with photobioreactor gas inflow rate; this has not been done before. The impact of this study is that by using the proposed mechanistic model and correlation, we can easily control and optimise photobioreactor gas inflow rates to alleviate light attenuation and maintain a high biomass growth rate.
High‐rate ethanol production at low pH using the anaerobic granular sludge process
Authors: Tamis Jelmer , Joosse Bart , de Leeuw Kasper , Kleerebezem Robbert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the operational performance and product spectrum of glucose‐fermenting anaerobic granular sludge reactor at pH 4. A selective environment for the growth of granules was implemented by the introduction of a 2 min settling phase, a hydraulic retention time of 6 h and a solid retention time of 12 ± 3 days. The fermentation products were ethanol, lactate, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) with yields of 0.55 ± 0.03, 0.15 ± 0.02, and 0.20 ± 0.04 gram chemical oxygen demand (gCOD)/gCOD glucose, respectively. The obtained product spectrum was remarkably different from the VFA‐dominated product spectrum reported in a previous study when the same system was operated at higher pH (4.5–5.5). The shift in product spectrum coincided with a shift in the microbial community structure with the dominance of eukaryotic Candida tropicalis, Pichia jaroonii, and prokaryotic Lactobacillus species instead of the Clostridia species obtained at higher pH‐values. The control of the microbiomes and the associated product spectra provides bioprocess engineers with the option to tailor a suitable precursor compound mixture for subsequent chain elongation fermentation or PHA biopolymer production.
Pharmacokinetics profiles of polyphyllin II and polyphyllin VII in rats by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Genbei , Hao Ruijia , Luo Chen , Wang Yu , Man Shuli , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolyphyllin II (PII) and polyphyllin VII (PVII) are the main active ingredients in Paris Polyphylla with an excellent antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a rapid and precise LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for the separation and simultaneous determination of PII and PVII in rat plasma, tissues, feces and urine using ginsenoside Rg3 as the internal standard. Positive linearity ranged from 1 to 1,000 ng/ml in samples. At the same time, intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in range of 1.8–12.0%. The accuracy ranged from 95.9 to 100.8%. Mean extraction recoveries of PII and PVII ranged from 86.6 to 96.4%. The analytical method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of PII and PVII in rats after their i.v. administration. After entering systemic circulation, PII and PVII were rapidly distributed in organs, mainly including liver, lung and spleen. Their elimination rate was slow. All of these data provided a theoretical basis for the application of PII and PVII in the treatment of liver‐ and lung‐related diseases.