bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling ecological assembly rules from commonalities in trait distributions
Authors: Gross Nicolas , Le Bagousse‐Pinguet Yoann , Liancourt Pierre , Saiz Hugo , Violle Cyrille , Munoz François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeciphering the effect of neutral and deterministic processes on community assembly is critical to understand and predict diversity patterns. The information held in community trait distributions is commonly assumed as a signature of these processes, but empirical and modelling attempts have most often failed to untangle their confounding, sometimes opposing, impacts. Here, we simulated the assembly of trait distributions through stochastic (dispersal limitation) and/or deterministic scenarios (environmental filtering and niche differentiation). We characterized the shape of trait distributions using the skewness–kurtosis relationship. We identified commonalities in the co‐variation between the skewness and the kurtosis of trait distributions with a unique signature for each simulated assembly scenario. Our findings were robust to variation in the composition of regional species pools, dispersal limitation and environmental conditions. While ecological communities can exhibit a high degree of idiosyncrasy, identification of commonalities across multiple communities can help to unveil ecological assembly rules in real‐world ecosystems.
Male secondary sexual traits do not predict female preference in Caribbean livebearing fishes (Limia)
Authors: Spikes Montrai , Huebler Sophia , Schlupp Ingo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFemale preference is widely described in various taxa, and the underlying mechanisms shaping preferences remain a major focus of sexual selection studies, particularly in species where males contribute minimally to offspring. Female preference is associated with maintaining male secondary sexual traits (SST). However, how male SST impact female preference is less‐understood. We hypothesized the strength of female preference should scale with the expression of male SST. To test this prediction, we compared female preference for male body size (an easily quantifiable trait that scales with other SST) in three species of Limia (Poeciliidae) varying in secondary sexual traits: L. perugiae, L. dominicensis and L. zonata. The degree of SST was assessed based on the amount of ornamentation and the presence of courtship in the species. Limia perugiae, L. dominicensis and L. zonata were designated as possessing high, intermediate and low male SST, respectively. Female preference was quantified as the relative amount of time females associated with males of various size classes: small, intermediate and large. Therefore, we predicted that because L. perugiae males have the most SST, females would associate more strongly with large males. Limia perugiae females were the only species to display female preference in relation to male body size, but they preferred small males. Although preference was observed, the direction of preference was unexpected. Moreover, the lack of preference for large male size and thereby other SST in the species suggests pre‐copulatory female preference is unimpacted by male SST in these species. We suggest cryptic female choice (i.e. preference enacted during or after copulation) may maintain costly male traits. However, future work remains necessary. The present study provides foundational behavioural work on Limia and examines the ubiquity of the evolution of female preference in poeciliids.
Variational autoencoders for anomaly detection in the behaviour of the elderly using electricity consumption data
Authors: Gonzalez Daniel , Patricio Miguel A. , Berlanga Antonio , Molina Jose M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization, between and , the proportion of the world's population over will double, from to . In absolute numbers, this age group will increase from million to billion in the course of half a century. It is a reality that most of them prefer to live alone, so it is necessary to look for mechanisms and tools that will help them to improve their autonomy. Although in recent years, we have been living in a veritable explosion of domotic systems that facilitate people's daily lives, it is also true that there are not many tools specifically aimed at this sector of the population. The aim of this paper is to present a potential solution to the monitoring of activity of daily living in the least intrusive way for people. In this case, anomalous patterns of daily activities will be detected by analysing the daily consumption of household appliances. People who live alone usually have a pattern of daily behaviour in the use of household appliances (coffee machine, microwave, television, etc.). A neuronal model is proposed for the detection of abnormal behaviour based on an autoencoder architecture. This solution will be compared with a variational autoencoder to analyse the improvements that can be obtained. The well‐known dataset called UK‐DALE will be used to validate the proposal.
Parental Burnout and the COVID‐19 Pandemic: How Portuguese Parents Experienced Lockdown Measures
Authors: Aguiar Joyce , Matias Marisa , Braz Ana Carolina , César Filipa , Coimbra Susana , Gaspar Maria Filomena , Fontaine Anne Marie 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis work aimed to analyze parental burnout (PB) and establish a comparison between the times before (Wave 1) and during (Wave 2) the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic brought additional stress to families. The pandemic could be particularly difficult for parents experiencing parental burnout, a condition that involves four dimensions: an overwhelming sense of exhaustion, emotional distancing from the child, saturation or a loss of fulfillment with the parental role, and a sharp contrast between how parents used to be and how they see themselves now.MethodA quasi‐longitudinal research design was adopted, comparing two cross‐sectional studies among Portuguese parents (N = 995), with an interval of 2 years between each wave of data collection. Participants were surveyed voluntarily through an online questionnaire located on the institutional web platform of the universities involved in the study. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to take into account the associations among variables, alongside controlling the possible confounding effects.ResultsParents have overall higher parental burnout scores in Wave 2 than Wave 1, with increased exhaustion, emotional distancing, and contrast, but decreased saturation. Although parental burnout levels remain higher for mothers across the two Waves, the growth is greater for fathers than for mothers.ConclusionReconciling childcare with paid work is a stressful and new experience for many fathers. However, results suggest that even amid a crisis, some parents had the opportunity to deeply bond with their children.ImplicationsWe expect this work to encourage stakeholders to consider proper intervention strategies to address potential parental burnout. Also, initiatives that strengthen gender equity within parenting context are needed.
Household Chaos and Early Childhood Behavior Problems: The Moderating Role of Mother–Child Reciprocity inLower‐IncomeFamilies
Authors: Wilhoit Sarah A. , Trentacosta Christopher J. , Beeghly Marjorie , Boeve Jordan L. , Lewis Toni L. , Thomason Moriah E. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe study examined whether mother–child reciprocity across increasingly challenging contexts moderated the association between household chaos and early childhood behavior problems.BackgroundLiving in a chaotic household is associated with behavioral dysregulation in childhood. An important goal in discordant household contexts is to establish positive aspects of relationships that are associated with more favorable developmental outcomes.MethodThe study analyzed data from 127 mother–child dyads participating in the 3‐year visit in a study of primarily low‐income, African American/Black families in urban areas. Dyads were videotaped during three successive, increasingly challenging, interaction tasks. Multiple regression analyses examined household chaos, dyadic reciprocity, and the interplay of those as predictors of behavior problems.ResultsGreater household chaos was associated with more internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Moderation analyses indicated that dyadic reciprocity during two challenging interaction tasks (but not during free play) attenuated the association between household chaos and internalizing problems.ConclusionsHousehold chaos was not associated with internalizing problems among dyads who had a connected, supportive relationship in more challenging interactive contexts.ImplicationsImproving shared positive affect and dyadic harmony in the parent–child relationship may help protect young children against the negative influence of chaotic contexts.
Ultimate ownership and bank competition
Authors: Azar José , Raina Sahil , Schmalz Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe document substantial time‐series and cross‐sectional variation in branch‐level deposit account interest rates, maintenance fees, and fee thresholds, and examine whether variation in bank concentration helps explain variation in these prices. Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) alone is not correlated with any of the outcome variables. A “generalized HHI” (GHHI) capturing both common ownership (the degree to which banks are commonly owned by the same investors) and cross‐ownership (the extent to which banks own shares in each other), is strongly correlated with all prices, even when we limit cross‐sectional variation in bank ownership to only that predicted by the growth of index funds.
Gelling properties and structure modification of tilapia skin gelatin by the addition of γ‐polyglutamic acid at different pH levels
Authors: Hu Zi‐Zi , Sha Xiao‐Mei , Huang Tao , Yuan Chun‐Hong , Chen Wen‐Mei , Li Xiao‐Xiao , Tu Zong‐Cai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFish gelatin (FG) has similar functional properties to mammalian gelatin and is a potential mammalian gelatin substitute. However, its poor gelling properties limit its application in many fields. Early on, γ‐polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA) was found to be effective in improving the gel properties of FG. Therefore, the gelling properties and structure of γ‐PGA to FG under different pH levels were further studied in this article. When the pH of the system is 3, γ‐PGA is positively charged; when the pH of the system is ≥5, γ‐PGA is negatively charged, while FG is positively charged, so the change of the pH of the system affects the electrostatic binding ability of FG and γ‐PGA. A γ‐PGA concentration of 0.04% (w/v) and FG at pH 5 yielded the best gelling properties. Moreover, pH affected the formation of helices during gelatin gelation, and it had a significant effect on the nanostructure of FG. The relationship between structure and physicochemical properties was proposed as a schematic model.
Proteins isolated from Ganxet common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landrace: techno‐functional and antioxidant properties
Authors: Aguiló‐Aguayo Ingrid , Álvarez Carlos , Saperas Montse , Rivera Ana , Abadias Maribel , Lafarga Tomás 
Published: June 2021

SummaryGanxet protein isolates (GPI) were assessed for antioxidant and functional properties including emulsifying and foaming capacity. The protein content and water activity (aw) value of GPI were 91.08 ± 4.15% and 0.248 ± 0.008%, respectively. The oil‐ and water‐holding capacities of GPI were calculated as 2.76 ± 0.33 and 1.25 ± 0.11 g g−1 of GPI, respectively (P < 0.05). Foaming and emulsifying properties were found to be pH‐dependent (P < 0.05). The highest foaming capacity values were observed at pH 8.0 and 10.0 and were calculated as 86.25 ± 5.30% and 78.75 ± 1.77%, respectively. In addition, the generated emulsions were found to be stable, especially at pH 8.0 and 10.0 with emulsion stability values of 94.1 ± 0.0 and 93.9 ± 0.1, respectively (P < 0.05). Results obtained in the current study demonstrate the potential applications of Ganxet‐derived proteins as techno‐functional ingredients for the development of novel foods.
Discrimination of Kyoho grape (Vitis labruscana) skin, seed and flesh antioxidant activities by solvent extraction: application of advanced chemometrics
Authors: Sridhar Kandi , Charles Albert Linton 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGrape skin, seed and flesh, a potential source of bioactive compounds, were investigated to discriminate Kyoho skin, seed and flesh antioxidant activities by solvent extraction using chemometrics, including multivariate, discriminant analysis (DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Multivariate analysis (Wilk's Λ = 0.02 × 10‐4, P < 0.01) explained the discrimination behaviour of phenolics and antioxidants by different solvents. Moreover, DA with three discrimination functions (DFs) and HCA with three well‐defined clusters (clusters 1 to 3) further demonstrated the differences and/or similarities among the solvents. Solvent I (75% ethanol: water) exhibited the different extraction process over the solvents IV (water) and III (acetone: water). Quercetin (39.25 mg kg−1), epicatechin (53.08 mg kg−1) and gallocatechin gallate (1.28 mg kg−1) were the major phenolic compounds in Kyoho skin, seed and flesh extracts, respectively. These further confirmed the chemometric approach that could be used to discriminate solvents. Therefore, these findings suggested the application of chemometrics in extraction studies to understand the role of solvents and high recovery of grape bioactive compounds.
Hot isostatic pressed pyrochlore glass‐ceramics: Revealing structure insides at the reaction interface
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Wei Tao , Xu Alan , Dayal Pranesh , Gregg Daniel J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs potential waste forms for immobilizing actinide‐rich radioactive wastes, Eu2Ti2O7 (Eu as a surrogate for minor actinides) pyrochlore glass‐ceramics were fabricated via hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) at 1200°C. The structure and microstructure at the reaction interface between the glass‐ceramic waste form and the stainless steel (SS) canister under HIPing conditions were carefully investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and synchrotron single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD). The interactions at the reaction interface led to the formations of a ~10‐µm‐thick Cr2O3 layer as the oxidation front of the SS and a layer of a mixed oxide phase (Eu1.25SiCr0.8Ti1.2O7.5) on the glass‐ceramic side of the reaction interface. The crystal structure of such a unique mixed oxide phase was revealed indubitably with a combination of synchrotron SC‐XRD and TEM assisted with a focused ion beam (FIB) SEM system. The improved structural understanding of the reaction interface will help to support the utilization of HIPing as a versatile hot consolidation process for the treatment of radioactive wastes.
Potential use of essential oils in cosmetic and dermatological hair products: A review
Authors: Abelan Ursulandréa Sanches , de Oliveira Andressa Costa , Cacoci Érica Savassa Pinto , Martins Tércio Elyan Azevedo , Giacon Virginia Mansanares , Velasco Maria Valéria Robles , Lima Cibele Rosana Ribeiro de Castro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEssential oils have great interest among the increasing demand for herbal cosmetics in the market. They are natural sources of biologically active ingredients due to the wide application of such compounds as well as their particular chemical composition. Several researches have evaluated the effectiveness of these bioactive ingredients for use in cosmeceuticals, mainly in both hair scalp and shaft hair damage repair. Thus, the amounts and their associations define the properties of these compositions with interest for hair cosmetic use, such as antioxidant, inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Because they are complex compounds, their actions on the skin, hair scalp, and shaft are not yet fully understood.AimsThe purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant researches and findings on essential oils in hair care.MethodsIn order to achieve this objective, the present work comprises an updated bibliographic review related to essential oils used in hair care.ResultsIt was possible to observe that cosmeceuticals containing essential oils applied to the scalp are preferable for topical activity. Also, it was noticed that there are few reports regarding their use in hair shaft. However, it was found that some oils are used to intensify the brightness and fix the hair color.ConclusionsThis work demonstrated that the use of essential oils in both cosmetic products (industrial application) and those associated with oils carriers (as individual protocols) may lead to satisfactory results in the treatment of some scalp dysfunctions.
Assessment of clinical efficacy of lidocaine/tetracaine 7%/7% peel cream in fractional microablative laser procedure‐associated pain for facial skin aging treatment. A randomized, controlled, single‐blind trial
Authors: Caprari Elisabetta , Viciguerra Maria Teresa , Milani Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLidocaine/tetracaine 7%/7% peel cream (L/T‐pC) is very effective in reducing pain in several dermatological procedures, such as hair or tattoo laser removal or conventional photodynamic therapy associated pain. Fractional laser resurfacing (FLR) is an effective treatment strategy for facial skin aging. The main drawback of FLR is the procedure‐associated pain. So far, no controlled data are available regarding the efficacy of L/T‐pC in reducing pain during a full‐facial microablative FLR session in subjects with facial skin aging.AimTo assess the clinical efficacy of L/T‐pC in reducing pain during microablative FLR treatment in subjects with facial skin aging. We conducted a prospective, randomized, parallel‐group, controlled, single‐blind trial, performed in out‐patients attending to a Laser Clinic for facial skin aging treatment.Subjects and MethodsA total of 30 subjects (4 men, 26 women; mean age 42 ± 10 years; range 28–57) with mild to moderate facial skin aging (Glogau score ≥2), suitable for FLR treatment, were enrolled after their written informed consent. Participants were randomized to L/T‐pC application (45 min before the laser treatment with the removal of the cream just before the starting of laser session) (n = 20) or to control (emollient cream; n = 10). FLR was performing using a fractional microablative CO2 laser (Smartxide DOT 2 Deka) using a pulse power of 18 W (range 15–20) and pulse duration of 1.5 msec. The primary endpoint was the comparison of the mean visual analogue score (VAS) values between the two groups using a 10‐cm scale (0 = no pain; 10: the most severe pain). The VAS score was measured just after the FLR session. Effective anesthesia (percentage of subjects with a VAS score ≤3) and the assessment of local tolerability and safety of the peel cream were the secondary trial endpoints.ResultsAll the enrolled subjects concluded the trial. In the L/T‐pC group, the VAS mean score was 3.0 ± 1.2. In the control group, the VAS mean score was 8.6 ± 0.5, representing a 65% reduction of the VAS score in the active treated group vs. controls. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0001; Mann‐Whitney test) with an absolute difference of −5 ± 0.4 cm; 95%CI of the difference: from −4.6 to −6.4 cm). Adequate anesthesia (VAS score≤3) was reported in 80% of subjects in the active group vs. 0% in the control arm. The cream was very well tolerated. One subject in the active group manifested moderate/severe edema in the cream application area, subsiding in 6 h. No other side effects were reported.ConclusionThe application of L/T pC 7%/7% peel cream before a fractional laser resurfacing session significantly reduced the procedure‐associated pain with good tolerability and safety profile.
The Cross Section of MBS Returns
Authors: DIEP PETER , EISFELDT ANDREA L. , RICHARDSON SCOTT 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe present a simple, linear asset pricing model of the cross section of Mortgage‐Backed Security (MBS) returns. MBS earn risk premia as compensation for their exposure to prepayment risk. We measure prepayment risk and estimate risk loadings using prepayment forecasts versus realizations. Estimated loadings on prepayment risk decrease monotonically in securities' coupons relative to the par coupon, consistent with the predicted effect of prepayment on bond value. Prepayment risk appears to be priced by specialized MBS investors. The price of prepayment risk changes sign over time with the sign of a representative MBS investor's exposure to prepayment shocks.
Nonlesional diffusely abnormal appearing white matter in clinically isolated syndrome: Prevalence, association with clinical and MRI features, and risk for conversion to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Holmes R. Davis , Vavasour Irene M. , Greenfield Jamie , Zhao Guojun , Lee Jimmy S. , Moore G. R. Wayne , Tam Roger , Metz Luanne M. , Trablousee Anthony , Li David K. B. , Laule Cornelia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeWhile diffusely abnormal white matter (DAWM) is a nonlesional MRI abnormality identified in ∼25% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), it has yet to be investigated in patients at an earlier disease stage, namely clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The goals of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of DAWM in patients with a CIS suggestive of MS, (2) evaluate the association between DAWM and demographic, clinical, and MRI features, and (3) evaluate the prognostic significance of DAWM on conversion from CIS to MS.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐two CIS participants were categorized into DAWM and non‐DAWM groups at baseline and followed for up to 24 months or until MS diagnosis. The primary outcome was conversion to MS (2005 McDonald criteria) within 6 months.ResultsDAWM was present in 27.5% of participants, and was positively associated with brainstem symptom onset, receiving corticosteroids, dissemination in space, and T2 lesion volume. DAWM was associated with an increased risk of conversion to MS over 6 months after adjustment for age and disability (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.24, p = 0.004). This association remained at a trend‐level after adjustment for high‐risk imaging features (HR = 1.68, p = 0.10).ConclusionsDAWM is present in a similar proportion of patients with CIS and clinically definite MS, and it is associated with increased risk of conversion to MS over 6 months.
A disaster always rings twice: Early life experiences and central bankers' reactions to natural disasters
Authors: Aslam Maqsood , Farvaque Etienne , Malan Franck 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe analyze the impact of natural disasters experienced in the early life of central bankers to assess their reaction to present‐day similar events. We use a panel dataset covering 68 (developed and developing) countries, for the period 2000 Q1 to 2017 Q4, to examine how the very‐short‐run dynamics of inflation is affected by the (actual) natural disasters, and how past experiences affect the immediate reaction of central bankers to these shocks. Our results reveal that the effect of early‐life experiences is significant: central bankers who have been exposed to disasters in early life tend to manage inflation in a more conservative way in the very‐short‐run. The effect disappears over the course of one year, and central bankers with superior voting power have a larger influence on outcomes. Younger central bankers are more conservative than older ones, which may reveal that the early‐life disasters' impact decays over time. The European Central Bank (ECB) appears immune to such influences, in conformity with expectations given the ECB's federal architecture and the size of the area it administers. The behavior revealed by our results thus signifies that central banks tend, on average to avoid any inflationary bias, inducing that the long‐run impact of a disaster suffered in the formative years of an individual can bring socially positive consequences, when such an individual becomes governor of her country's central bank.