bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Fundamental Mode in Regularly Bending Multi-Mode Waveguides
Authors: Yu Hongyan , Sun Xinyu , Ban Dasai , Qiu Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Transmission of the fundamental mode in multi-mode waveguides is an effective scheme for a silicon-based platform to reduce scattering loss. However, the application of the scheme is usually limited to straight waveguides and restricted in multi-mode bending waveguides. This is because the fundamental mode of a straight waveguide is seriously disordered after passing the bend. In this work, we have presented a “matched bending radius” approach, by which an ultra-low loss and negligible modal disorder have been demonstrated in the Si and Si3N4 multi-mode waveguides. The estimated optical field overlap factor is almost 0 dB at the matched bending radius, indicating that the fundamental mode can be re-generated after passing the multi-mode bending waveguide. The proposed approach will contribute to applying the low loss scheme in large-scale photonic integrated circuits.
In Vivo Kinematic Analysis of Bicruciate-retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty Focused on Function of the ACL
Authors: Ishigaki Kosei , Aoki Hideyuki , Takamatsu Ryo , Nishiwaki Yuji , Takahashi Hiroshi , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The utility of a bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty (BCR-TKA) is uncertain. In this study, we performed an in vivo kinematic analysis of squat motion on level ground and on a downward slope in patients treated with BCR-TKA to examine the value of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) preservation.Methods: The subjects were ten valgus knees that underwent TKA (BCR: 5 knees, CR: 5 knees) at our hospital. We evaluated in vivo kinematics of the knee using fluoroscopy and investigated the femoral component translation relative to the tibial component from extension to maximum flexion, and the rotation angle between the components under the two conditions. Statistical analysis was conducted by Mann-Whitney U test to compare the rotational angle, the location of lateral and medial contact points per flexion angle. Differences in these parameters between the BCR and CR groups across the flexion angles were compared by repeated measures ANOVA.Results: Rotation of the femoral component to the tibial component occurred gradually as flexion continued. On level ground, lateral rotation at 0° to 120° flexion was 14.5±1.95° in the BCR group and 7.9±0.47° in the CR group. Medial translation was 4.1±1.73mm in the BCR group and 2.5±1.64mm in the CR group, and lateral translation was 13.2±1.6mm in the BCR group and 7.1±1.74mm in the CR group. On a forward slope, lateral rotation was 12.7±1.45° in the BCR group and 7.57±0.47° in the CR group. Medial translation was 5.87±1.78mm in the BCR and 2.9±0.81mm in the CR, and lateral translation was 13.6±1.84mm in the BCR and 7.4±0.96mm in the CR.Conclusion: An in vivo kinetics analysis of deep flexion motion was conducted on level ground and on a forward slope to stress the ACL. Under both conditions, kinetics close to screw home movement were found in the BCR group and rotation was significantly larger than that in the CR group. The medial contact point between components was located significantly more anterior in the BCR group. In conclusion, BCR-TKA was found to have in vivo kinetics close to those of a normal knee, in comparison with CR-TKA.
Enhancing Algal Biomass, Lipid and Astaxanthin Production by Mix-Cultivation of Haematococcus Pluvialis With Simplicillium Lanosoniveum DT06
Authors: Yan Ran , Xing Xiang-Ying , Dong Qing-Lin , Yu Xian-Yong , Shi Kang-Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To enhance algal lipid and astaxanthin synthesis, the astaxanthin-producing green alga Haematococcus pluvialis was mix-cultivated with the antibiotic-synthesizing fungus Simplicillium lanosoniveum DT06 under non-aseptic conditions (NM) in this study. Results showed that in contrast to aseptic pure culture (AH) and non-aseptic pure culture (NH) of H. pluvialis , the production of cell (biomass), lipids and astaxanthin increased 56% and 119%, 112.4% and 279%, 74% and 175%, reaching 2.45 g/l, 0.837 g/l and 88.84 mg/l respectively; the average growth rate and the average specific growth rate increased 60.8% and 133.1 %, 19% and 31.6%, reaching 194.2 mg l -1 d -1 and 0.25 d -1 respectively; and the average lipid synthesis rate and average specific lipid synthesis rate increased 112.5% and 278.66%, 36.15% and 97%, reaching 69.75 mg l -1 d -1 and 28.47 mg g -1 d -1 respectively; and also the content of C16-C18 fatty acids that are suitable for biofuels production increased to 83.19%. Therefore, NM provides an efficient and economical way for the production of biofuels.
Non-fatal Senior Pickleball and Tennis-related Injuries Treated in United States Emergency Departments, 2010-2019
Authors: Weiss Harold , Dougherty Jacob , DiMaggio Charles 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Pickleball is growing rapidly with a passionate senior following. Understanding and comparing players’ injury experience through analysis of a nationally representative hospital emergency department sample helps inform senior injury prevention and fitness goals.Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was performed using 2010 to 2019 data from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission’s (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Non-fatal pickleball and tennis-related cases were identified, examined, recoded, and separated by injury versus non-injury conditions. Since over 85% of the pickleball injury-related cases were to players ≥60 years of age we mostly focused on this older age group. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, injury frequency, type and trends over time, and comparative measures of risk. Results: Among players ≥60 years of age, non-injuries (i.e., cardiovascular events) accounted for 11% and 21.5% of the pickleball and tennis-related cases, respectively. With non-injuries removed for seniors (≥60 years), the NEISS contained a weighted total of 28,984 pickleball injuries (95% CI=19,463–43,163) and 58,836 tennis injuries (95% CI=44,861-77,164). Pickleball -related injuries grew rapidly over the study period and by 2018, the annual number of senior pickleball injuries reached parity with senior tennis-related injuries. Slip/Trip/Fall/Dive injury mechanisms predominated (63.3%, 95% CI=57.7%-69.5%). The leading diagnoses were strains/sprains (33.2%, 95% CI=27.8%-39.5%), fractures (28.1%, 95% CI=24.3%-32.4%) and contusions (10.6%, 95% CI=8.0%-14.1%). Senior males were three-and-a-half times more likely than females to suffer a pickleball-related strain or sprain (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.2-5.6) whereas women were over three-and-a-half times more likely to suffer a fracture (OR 3.7 95% CI = 2.3-5.7) compared to men and nine times more likely to suffer a wrist fracture (OR 9.3 95% CI 3.6 - 23.9). Patterns of senior tennis and pickleball injuries were mostly similar.Conclusions: NEISS is a valuable data source for describing the epidemiology of recreational injuries. However, careful case definitions are necessary when examining records involving older populations as non-injury conditions related to the activity/product codes of interest are frequent. As pickleball gains in popularity among active seniors, it is becoming an increasingly important cause of injury. Identifying and describing the most common types of injuries may can help inform prevention and safety measures.
PPV Distribution of Sidewalls Induced by Underground Cavern Blasting Excavation
Authors: Luo Yi , Wei Xiaoqing , Huang Junhong , Zhang Guang , Bian Xing , Li Xinping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The peak particle velocity (PPV) is an important indicator for predicting blasting excavation disturbances. However, the PPV distribution in the deep underground space is significantly different from that on the outdoor ground. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the underground PPV by Sadovsky’s vibration formula. The PPV sidewall distribution characteristics were studied during site blasting in an underground cavern in the Taohuazui Mine in China, and a similar numerical model was used to verify the site test data. We derived a PPV prediction formula for the underground cavern sidewall surrounding rock using a mechanical analysis model of a simply supported plate and beam in combination with dimensional analysis. The model considered derived boundary constraints, comparison with site measured data, the value predicted by Sadovsky’s vibration formula, and numerical simulation results. The results showed that the PPV distribution on the middle 1/3 section of the underground cavern sidewall showed a “platform” or “bulge” different from the curve from Sadovsky’s vibration formula. The PPV amplification coefficient in this section was distributed in a drum shape. The PPV prediction formula for the middle section of the sidewall derived in this paper was highly consistent with the data measured on-site and the numerical simulation results. The mechanical analysis model with a simply supported plate and beam included an underground cavern sidewall length-height ratio of 5 and effectively supplemented the PPV prediction formula for the middle section of the traditional underground cavern sidewall.
RLIM: A Recursive and Latent Infection Model for COVID-19 Prediction and Turning Point in United States
Authors: Yu Xiang , Lu Lihua , Shen Jianyi , Li Jiandun , Xiao Wei , Chen Yangquan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Initially found at Hubei, Wuhan and identified as a novel virus of coronavirus family by WHO, COVID-19 has spread worldwide with an exponentially speed, causing millions of death and public fear. Currently, COVID19 has brought a secondary wave within U.S., India, Brazil and other parts of the world. However, its transmission, incubation, and recovery processes are still unclear from the medical, mathematical and pharmaceutical aspects. Classical Suspect-Infection-Recovery model has limitations to describe the dynamic behavior of COVID-19. Hence, it becomes necessary to introduce a recursive, latent model to predict the number of future COVID-19 infected cases in U.S. In this article, a dynamic model called RLIM based on classical SEIR model is proposed to predict the number of COVID-19 infections with a dynamic secondary infection rate ω in assumption. An intermediate state called SI is introduced between recovery and infection statues to record the number of secondary infected cases from a latent period of recovery. Compared with other models, RLIM fits historical recovery cases and utilizes them to predict future infections. Because RLIM utilizes multiple information sources, and provides error back propagation schematics, it is reasonable to assert that its predictions are more accurate and persuasive. Projections of four U.S. COVID19 states show that with the secondary infectious rate ω varies from 0.01 to 0.3 within a latent period of 14 days chosen, RLIM can predict the newly infected number from January 15 to February 15, 2021 with AFER lower to 14%. It also successfully estimates the turning point of New Yorks infections in January 2021, based on current data records.
Soil Microbial Community Variation With Time and Soil Depth in Eurasian Steppe (Inner Mongolia, China)
Authors: Zhao Hongbin , Zheng Wenling , Zhang Shengwei , Gao Wenlong , Fan Yueyue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSoil microorganisms play an indispensable role in the material and energy cycle of grassland ecosystem, and were affected by many environmental factors, such as time and space changes. However, there are few studies on the temporal and spatial transformation of soil microbial community in typical degraded steppe. We analyzed the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi and the effects of environmental factors on the community structure in Xilingol degraded steppe. ResultsThe abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi were significantly affected by depth. Bacteria and fungi diversity of 10 cm was higher than that of 20 cm and 30 cm. The abundance of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes varies significantly with depth. What’s more, soil pH increased significantly with depth increasing, while SOM, AN, VWC and ST decreased significantly with increasing depth. In addition, Depth, TOC and AN had significant impact on the bacterial and fungi communities (p < 0.05). Conclusions﻿Spatial heterogeneity (depth) is more important than temporal (month) in predicting changes in microbial community composition and soil properties. And the abundance of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes varies significantly with depth. We speculate that SOM and VWC account for the abundance variations of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, and pH cause the abundance changes of Actinomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycota.
Single-inhaler Triple vs Single-inhaler Dual Therapy in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Long Huanyu , Xu Hongxuan , Janssens Jean-Paul , Guo Yanfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of single-inhaler triple therapy combining long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA), long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus single-inhaler dual therapy (ICS/LABA and LABA/LAMA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: We used the following search terms in PubMed, MEDLINE (OvidSP), EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases to investigate the effect of single-inhaler triple therapy in COPD. The primary end points were the effect of single-inhaler triple therapy on all-cause mortality, risk of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), and some safety endpoints, compared with single-inhaler dual therapy. Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess quality of each randomized trial and risk of bias. RESULTS: A total of 25,171 patients suffering from COPD were recruited for the 6 studies. This meta-analysis indicated that single-inhaler triple therapy resulted in a significantly lower rate of all-cause mortality than single-inhaler dual therapy (risk ratio, 0.83; 95% CI 0.71‐0.98). Single-inhaler triple therapy reduced the risk of exacerbation (rate ratio, 0.78; 95% CI 0.73‐0.83), prolonged time to first exacerbation (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI 0.84-0.89), improved trough FEV1 (mean difference, 81.35 ml; 95% CI 45.6–117.06) and St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) Score (mean difference, -1.48; 95% CI -1.75–-1.22) vs. single-inhaler dual therapy. Risk of pneumonia was however significantly higher with ICS/LAMA/LABA than with LABA/LAMA (risk ratio, 1.25; 95% CI 1.04‐1.50). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that single-inhaler triple therapy is effective in reducing the risk of moderate or severe exacerbations and death of any causes in COPD patients, compared with single-inhaler dual therapy. However, risk of pneumonia is higher with ICS/LAMA/LABA combination than with dual therapy of LABA/LAMA.TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: CRD42020186726; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
TaTME Combined with IORT for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer：A case report
Authors: Guo Yu , Wang Shuang , Zhao Zeyun , Xue Wangsheng , Li Jiannan , Shang An , Li Donglin , Wang Min 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) which aims to achieve more accurately complete resection of distal mesorectum has arouse much more attention worldwide. TaTME can significantly improve the local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) of the patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), also as a emerging treatment method for locally advanced tumors, can lead to the potential for dose escalation, reduce overall treatment time, and increase patient convenience. Our study firstly combined taTME and IORT for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. The tumor involved 60 mm rectal wall and located 30 mm from anal margin. TaTME and IORT were successfully achieved in this patient. There was no obvious complications occurred, including the anastomotic fistula. The patient recovered well and further systematic systematic chemotherapy and radiotherapy were suggested. We conclude that taTME with low-energy X-rays IORT may not only benefit the circumferential resection margin (CRM) but also improve the local control (LC) for the patient with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Effect of Life Satisfaction on Depression Among Childless Married Couples: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ha Ju-Young , Park Hyo-Jin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDepression among childless middle-aged and elderly people is a serious social problem in Korea. However, few studies examine the influence of life satisfaction on the depression of spouses as actors and partners. Hence, this study analyzes the influence of life satisfaction (a positive factor childless married couples may have) on depression.MethodsThis cross-sectional study employed data on couples to analyze the effect of life satisfaction on the depression of childless married couples as actors and partners via the actor-partner interdependence model. The Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging was employed to investigate life satisfaction and depression among 207 childless middle-aged and elderly couples. ResultsRegarding actor effects, wives’ (β = -0.285, p = 0.004) and husbands’ (β = -0.403, p < 0.001) life satisfaction significantly affected individual depression. Regarding partner effects, husbands’ life satisfaction (β = -0.255, p = 0.011) significantly affected wives’ depression, and the wives’ life satisfaction (β = -0.375, p < 0.001) significantly affected husbands’ depression.ConclusionsA childless actor’s life satisfaction affected own and partner’s depression. Thus, spouses should work together to improve their life satisfaction, thereby improving their depression.
The pragmatic, rapid, and iterative dissemination &amp; implementation (PRIDI) cycle: Adapting to the dynamic nature of public health emergencies
Authors: Nooraie Reza Yousefi , Shelton Rachel C , Fiscella Kevin , Kwan Bethany M , McMahon James M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Public health emergencies – such as the 2020 COVID19 pandemic –accelerate the need for both evidence generation and rapid dissemination and implementation (D&I) of evidence where it is most needed. In this paper, we reflect on how D&I frameworks and methods can be pragmatic (i.e., relevant to real-world context) tools for rapid and iterative planning, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination of evidence to address public health emergencies. The Pragmatic, Rapid, and Iterative D&I (PRIDI) Cycle: The PRIDI Cycle is based on a “double-loop” learning process, reflecting the iterative and adaptive D&I, along with iterative re-consideration of goals and priorities, interventions and corresponding D&I strategies, and needs and capacities of individuals and contexts. Stakeholder engagement is essential- which itself is an evolving activity. The results of iterative evaluations should be communicated with local implementers and stakeholders through customized feedbacks.
Conclusion
Even when the health system priority is provision of the best care to the individuals in need, and scientists are focused on development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, planning for D&I is critical. Without a flexible and adapting process of D&I, which is responsive to emerging evidence generation cycles, and is closely connected to stakeholders and target users through engagement and feedback, the interventions to mitigate public health emergencies – such as the COVID19 pandemic - will have limited reach and impact on populations that would most benefit. The PRIDI cycle is intended to provide a pragmatic approach to support planning for D&I throughout the evidence generation process.
Host-cell recognition through GRP78 is enhanced in the new variants of SARS-CoV-2; in silico perspective
Authors: Elfiky Abdo , Ibrahim Ibrahim M , Elgohary Alaa M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
New SARS-CoV-2 variants started in the UK and South Africa in December 2020 and currently spreading worldwide during the last few days. Additionally, another more recent variant sparked in Brazil (B.1.1.248 lineage) this month. The new variant 501.V2 (South African) bears three mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein, K417N, E484K, and N501Y, while the Brazilian B.1.1.248 lineage have 12 mutations. The N501Y mutation is found in South African and Brazilian variants and is also shared with the UK variant VOC-202012/01 (1). This mutation may affect the host-cell receptor ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) recognition (2). Despite its presence in the ACE2 binding surface, we showed that the N501Y mutant shows a remarkable increase in binding of the ACE2-RBD complex to the host-cell surface Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (CS-GRP78) (3). On the other hand, the E484K is found in the spike RBD's binding motif that we reported earlier to be recognized by cell-surface GRP78 (C480-C488 region of the spike) (4). In this study, we simulate the complex ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD system in which the RBD is in the wildtype and mutated (K417N, E484K, and N501Y) isoforms. Additionally, the CS-GRP78 association with the ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD complex (ACE2-RBD) is modeled at the presence of these mutant variants of the viral spike.
A Simulation Analysis for LED Spatial Distribution for Indoor Visible Light Communication
Authors: Khalifeh Ala , Alakappan Karthikeyan , kumar Barath , Prabakaran Jayanth , Nagaradjane Prabagarane 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technology that can jointly be used to accomplish the typical lighting functionalities of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and data transmission, where light intensity can be modulated on a high rate that cannot be noticed by the human eye. In this paper, a VLC simulation framework to study the effect of LEDs’ distributions on different room dimensions is proposed by considering the performance metrics such as light intensity quality in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommendation, and data transmission efficiency measured in terms of bit error rate (BER). To achieve the abovementioned performance metrics, a VLC communication system is designed that modulates the data, transmits it over the room utilizing the communication channel that is modeled using an accurate ray-tracing algorithm, and receives it by exploiting different receivers that are uniformly distributed in the room. Our work is different from the other published works which either studied the data transmission efficiency or lighting quality but not both. Consequently, this study can be used as a methodological foundation to design an efficient VLC that satisfies the ISO lighting requirement, application-specific BER and quality. Furthermore, a video transmission use case has been demonstrated which shows how the video quality can be significantly improved when increasing the number of transmitters, thus justifying the need for increasing the number of transmitters in scenarios that involves video transmission in an indoor VLC environment.