bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-life use of tocilizumab with or without corticosteroid in hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Russo Gianluca , Solimini Angelo , Zuccalà Paola , Zingaropoli Maria Antonella , Carraro Anna , Pasculli Patrizia , Perri Valentina , Marocco Raffaella , Kertusha Blerta , Del Borgo Cosmo , Del Giudice Emanuela , Fondaco Laura , Tieghi Tiziana , D’Agostino Claudia , Oliva Alessandra , Vullo Vincenzo , Ciardi Maria Rosa , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Lichtner Miriam 
Published: September 2021

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of Tocilizumab (with or without corticosteroids) in a real-life context among moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases ward of two hospitals in Lazio region, Italy, during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Method
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia to assess the influence of tocilizumab (with or without corticosteroids) on: 1) primary composite outcome: risk for death/invasive mechanical ventilation/ICU-transfer at 14 days from hospital admission; 2) secondary outcome: COVID-related death only. Both outcomes were also assessed at 28 days and restricted to baseline more severe cases. We also evaluated the safety of tocilizumab.

Results
Overall, 412 patients were recruited, being affected by mild (6.8%), moderate (66.3%) or severe (26.9%) COVID-19 at baseline. The median participant’ age was 63 years, 56.5% were men, the sum of comorbidities was 1.34 (±1.44), and the median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 7 [3–10] days. Patients were subdivided in 4 treatment groups: standard of care (SoC) only (n = 172), SoC plus corticosteroid (n = 65), SoC plus tocilizumab (n = 50), SoC plus tocilizumab and corticosteroid (n = 125). Twenty-six (6.3%) patients underwent intubation, and 37 (9%) COVID-related deaths were recorded. After adjusting for several factors, multivariate analysis showed that tocilizumab (with or without corticosteroids) was associated to improved primary and secondary outcomes at 14 days, and at 28-days only when tocilizumab administered without corticosteroid. Among more severe cases the protective effect of tocilizumab (± corticosteroids) was observed at both time-points. No safety concerns were recorded.

Conclusion
Although contrasting results from randomized clinical trials to date, in our experience tocilizumab was a safe and efficacious therapeutic option for patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Its efficacy was improved by the concomitant administration of corticosteroids in patients affected by severe-COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline.
Genetic association of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes in ethnically endogamous Sindhi families
Authors: Mamtani Manju , Jaisinghani Manisha T. , Jaiswal Sujeet G. , Pipal Kanchan V. , Patel Ashwini A. , Kulkarni Hemant 
Published: September 2021

Background
Ethnically endogamous populations can shed light on the genetics of type 2 diabetes. Such studies are lacking in India. We conducted this study to determine the genetic and environmental contributions of anthropometric traits to type 2 diabetes risk in the Sindhi families in central India.

Methods
We conducted a family study in Indian Sindhi families with at least one case of type 2 diabetes. Variance components methods were used to quantify the genetic association of 18 anthropometric traits with eight type 2 diabetes related traits. Univariate and bivariate polygenic models were used to determine the heritability, genetic and environmental correlation of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes related traits.

Results
We included 1,152 individuals from 112 phenotyped families. The ascertainment-bias corrected prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 35%. Waist circumference, hip circumference and the biceps, triceps, subscapular and medial calf skinfold thicknesses were polygenically and significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. The range of heritability of the anthropometric traits and type 2 diabetes related traits was 0.27–0.73 and 0.00–0.39, respectively. Heritability of type 2 diabetes as a discrete trait was 0.35. Heritability curves demonstrated a substantial local influence of type 2 diabetes related traits. Bivariate trait analyses showed that biceps and abdominal skinfold thickness and all waist-containing indexes were strongly genetically correlated with type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions
In this first study of Sindhi families, we found evidence for genetic and environmental concordance of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes. Future studies need to probe into the genetics of type 2 diabetes in this population.
The Effect of Roasting Prior to The Leaching Process of Alkalinized Ferronickel Slag Followed by Precipitation Process
Authors: Mayangsari Wahyu , Prasetyo Agus Budi , Febriana Eni , Irawan Januar , Subagja Rudi , Firdiyono Florentinus , Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi 
Published: September 2021

Terak feronikel dihasilkan sebagai produk samping dari produksi feronikel. terak feronikel mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku beberapa komponen berharga karena komposisinya melalui proses bertahap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari proses pemanggangan campuran terak feronikel dan Na2CO3 sebelum leaching air panas dan presipitasi untuk menghasilkan endapan silika. Proses pemanggangan terak feronikel dengan penambahan Na2CO3 telah dilakukan untuk pembentukan natrium silikat. Kemudian dilarutkan melalui proses pelindian menggunakan air panas 90 ° C selama 120 menit. Endapan silika didapatkan dengan proses presipitasi sodium silikat terlarut diikuti dengan pemeraman selama tiga hari. Berdasarkan hasilnya, pemanggangan menyebabkan perubahan komposisi yang mempengaruhi persen pelindian dan perolehan silika. Reaksi terjadi dari permukaan ke inti yang dibuktikan dengan pengecilan ukuran residu pelindian dari RAF nya. Natrium silikat dalam bentuk Na4SiO4 diketahui terlarut Ketika pelindian air dilakukan. Pengendapan dan pemeraman larutan natrium silikat telah menghasilkan endapan silika dengan ukuran partikel lebih dari 100 mm. pemanggangan pada 1000 ° C selama 240 menit menghasilkan perolehan silika tertinggi.
In code we trust: the concept of rumūz in Andalusī alchemical literature and related texts
Authors: Moureau Sébastien , de Callataÿ Godefroid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the medieval Arabic tradition of the so-called occult sciences, the concept of ramz (symbol, code) has acquired an important role in the way the authors were considering and reading the texts of their predecessors and writing their owns. This term, closely related to the notion of secret, covered various ideas of code: from allegories and allusions to codenames and secret alphabets. Above all, the alchemists made ramz a real topos of their literature. In this paper, we focus on the Rutbat al-ḥakīm of Maslama b. Qāsim al-Qurṭubī (written in 339–342/950–953) and some of its main sources, such as the corpus of texts attributed to Jābir b. Ḥayyān, Ibn Waḥshiyya’s Filāḥa Nabaṭiyya, the Rasā’il Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ and the Risāla Jāmiʿa. We argue that Maslama produced a detailed definition of ramz, conceived a true typology of it, and proposed his own key to reading the alchemical ramz. This rich development is not found in any of the other texts that we have examined here. This observation confirms that Maslama b. Qāsim al-Qurṭubī, far from being a simple transmitter of Eastern ideas and practices to the Western Arab-Muslim world, was an original and innovative milestone in the transfer of knowledge.
Retreating from Redistribution? Trends in Democratic Party Fidelity to Economic Equality, 1984–2020
Authors: Malpas Amelia , Hilton Adam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring his presidency, Barack Obama described rising economic inequality as “the defining challenge of our time.” But a growing number of scholars and journalists argue that rising inequality is in part a result of the Democratic Party’s diminishing fidelity to an egalitarian economic agenda and its embrace of neoliberalism. In this article, we assess the veracity of this claim through a content analysis of all national Democratic Party platforms issued since 1984. We find that broad assertions of Democratic retreat from economic equality are for the most part exaggerated. Specifically, we argue that Democrats’ support for egalitarian policies has been complex and varied over time, with a marked decline under the influence of the New Democrats in the 1990s followed by a significant resurgence thereafter. However, while party support for equalizing policies has rebounded overall, the extent of the party’s commitment to specific policies varies according to the purported deservingness of beneficiaries. Our findings have important implications for debates concerning Democratic Party change, the politics of inequality, and the policy agenda of the Joe Biden administration.
Two-photon fluorescent turn-on probes for highly efficient detection and profiling of thiols in live cells and tissues
Authors: Shen Congzhen , Zhang Duoteng , Xu Fang , Yang Yang , Tan Yi , Zhao Qian , Li Lin , Ding Ke , Li Zhengqiu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thiols are important units in amino acids such as cysteine and peptides like glutathione. Development of chemical sensors capable of precise detection of thiols is important in cancer diagnosis and therapy. We have developed novel two-photon fluorescent turn-on probes for selective detection of thiols. The probes displayed excellent sensitivity and low detection limits. The dual-purpose probes have been demonstrated to be suitable for simultaneous imaging and proteome profiling in live cells and tumor tissues. The unique turn-on design endows the probes with excellent selectivity toward thiols in vitro and in situ, and can be further developed to support a thiol-quantification assay.
At Home in the World: Wandering Earth, Environmentalism, and Reimagined Homelands
Authors: Rojas Carlos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on a 2000 novella by Cixin Liu with the same title, Frant Gwo’s 2019 film Wandering Earth has been celebrated as China’s first big-budget science fiction film. As a Chinese film with a global theme that simultaneously targets both a domestic and an international audience, accordingly, the work invites a reflection on the relationship between the local and the global—on how we understand the concept of home, and what it might mean to be home in the world. This essay, accordingly, examines three intersecting ways in which Wandering Earth (both the film and the original novella) explores the relationship between home and the world, including the status of the Earth as an ecological system, the planet’s status as a lived environment, as well as a set of contemporary geopolitical discourses about China’s shifting position within the contemporary world order, and particularly its relationship to the Global South.
Intimations of Revelation 19–21 in the Early North African Christian Communities
Authors: Vercesi Martina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a survey of the interpretation of Revelation 19–21 in the early North African Christian communities (II–III century). These chapters refer to one of the most controversial passages of John’s Apocalypse (the eschatological war, the millennial kingdom, and the descent of the New Jerusalem). After a brief methodological reflection, the article will investigate how these chapters were interpreted not only in the early Latin authors but also how this material was employed in martyrdom accounts as well. The study, in fact, will begin with the first Latin document of Christian literature, the Acta Martyrum Scilitanorum, followed by the corpus of Tertullian, the Passio Sanctarum Perpetuae et Felicitatis, and the writings of Cyprian.
Perception of Dark Tourism
Authors: Kleshcheva Aleksandra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on the phenomenon of dark tourism. This study seeks to understand what motivates people to visit dark tourism sites such as the Chernobyl exclusion zone by applying an automated text analytics approach. Tripadvisor was chosen as a source for data collection as tourists are increasingly sharing their experiences and leave feedback online. Several natural language processing methods, such as topic modelling (LDA) and sentiment analysis, were applied to extract the primary motivators behind a visit to Chernobyl. Topic modelling results present five main topics discussed by tourists. Based on the results, the main motivational factors are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the total sentiment score shows a positive perception of the dark tourism destination. This study follows an interdisciplinary research approach applying innovative data analytics methods to investigate dark tourism through social media. By implementing NLP methods, this study reveals tourists’ perceptions from online reviews, which are not easy to discover by traditional approaches. Moreover, the results provide guidelines to tourism managers in monitoring new trends in tourism, understanding tourists’ needs and wishes, and evaluating the quality of products or services.
LEGITIMASI SYARIAH TERHADAP NILAI WAKTU UANG
Authors: Sopian Ahmad Ali 
Published: September 2021

Nilai waktu uang pada sistem ekonomi konvensional dipandang bahwa uang bukan hanya berfungsi sebagai alat tukar (medium of exchange) dan kesatuan hitung (unit of account) tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai komoditas yang dapat diperjualbelikan hingga menghasilkan keuntungan.berdasarkan hal tersebut, uang dipandang memiliki nilai waktu (time value of money) bila di simpan dalam waktu tertentu yang diproksi dengan tingkat bunga. Dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam bunga dipandang sebagai hal yang haram. fatwa DSN MUI sebagai Legitimasi syariah atau pengakuan hukum pada tindakan kegiatan lembaga keuangan syariah membuat garis yang kontras dalam memandang uang dalam sistem ekonomi konvensional dan uang dalam tatan ekonomi islam. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk menelaah atau sebagai pisau analisis pada tulisan ini adalah studi kepustakaan atau studi literatur. Dimana studi literatur difokuskan pada artikel atau tulisan-tulisan yang telah ada sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil studi tersebut diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Ekonomi Islam memandang bahwa uang hanya berfungsi sebagai alat tukar (medium of exchange) dan kesatuan hitung (unit of account) tidak sebagai komoditas. Uang tidak dapat diperjualbelikan dan dispekulasikan secara bebas. Dan uang tidak memiliki nilai waktu, tetapi waktulah yang memiliki nilai ekonomis (economic value of time). Dalam ekonomi islam keuntungan pada transaksi keungan didasarkan pada aspek bagi hasil berbeda dengan ekonomi konvensional yang berbasis bunga. Kata kunci: uang, nilai, bunga bank,
El ciclo de la calle. Reivindicaciones, experiencias y prácticas de personas callejeras en Bogotá
Authors: Camacho Mariño Nataly 
Published: September 2021

La vida en calle es una experiencia múltiple y compleja para las personas que la viven. Una entidad de espacios, tiempos, prácticas y relaciones sociales constituye lo que estas personas —que se denominan callejeras— llaman la “calle”. A través de una apuesta etnográfica, este artículo busca analizar la complejidad de estas experiencias y prácticas en la ciudad de Bogotá, explorar el punto de vista de las personas callejeras —y así sus reivindicaciones—,y problematizar el desfase, los desajustes, entre la mirada sobre su propia condición de vida y cierta mirada institucional y dominante.
Risk factors for perinatal loss - reality or fiction?
Authors: Bezhenar V. F. , Ivanova L. A. , Tatarova N. A. , Korshunov M. Yu. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: to identify factors predisposing to perinatal losses, assessment of which is available at the first (only) visit of pregnant woman in antenatal clinic.Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 964 women who performed delivery in 2009-2019 in 15 obstetric facilities was carried out. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group included 457 women with perinatal losses (stillbirth - 328 children, and 129 children with early neonatal death); the control group consisted of 507 women, whose children survived 7 days during postnatal period. We analyzed parameters routinely determined by an obstetrician-gynecologist at the first visit of woman during within ongoing pregnancy (regardless of gestation age), namely, social status, anamnesis, data of initial examination.Results. The following significant differences were revealed in pregnant women from the main group: a younger age of pregnancy; no registered marriage and permanent job as well as primary and secondary education; smoking, alcohol and drug use; concurrent diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders, blood contact infections, obesity; older menarche age and younger sexual debut age; medical history contains infectious genital pathology, more often pregnancies and childbirths, two or more abortions before repeated childbirth, premature births.Conclusion. Thus, the anamnestic indicators noted above can be used to create prognostic statistical systems and models to determine high risk of perinatal losses of any nature.
Modern view on the etiopathogenesis of heart rhythm disorders and methods of their correction in pregnant women
Authors: Useinova R. Kh. , Sulima A. N. , Rybalka A. N. , Beglitse D. A. , Rumyantseva Z. S. , Baskakov P. N. , Dizha M. A. , Dolya E. M. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Issues of etiopathogenesis for various cardiovascular disorders in the structure of extragenital diseases during pregnancy pose an urgent problem and represent a global topic for further scientific research. Due to the high frequency of heart rhythm disorders in pregnant women, it is necessary to improve their management.Aim: to analyze data from the current literature on the etiopathogenesis of arrhythmias during gestation and effective methods of their correction.Materials and Methods. Literature sources of electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Medscape, Google Scholar, Embase, Ovid Healthstar, Cochrane, eLibrary, CyberLeninka and scientific articles in peer-reviewed open access journals published across the last 25 years, including basic research on this pathology have been analyzed. The search in databases used keywords and their combinations in Russian and English: "arrhythmias", "arrhythmias in pregnancy", "pathogenesis of gestational arrhythmias".Results. There have been analyzed major aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of gestational arrhythmias as well as potential causes for developing first-time rhythm disorders in pregnant women and features of the gestational period as a predictor of emerging arrhythmias in patients with pre-existing pathology of the cardiovascular system are determined. The article describes the most common rhythm disorders and acceptable ways to correct them, taking into account the latest recommendations and research in this area.Conclusion. The authors concluded that the etiopathogenesis of rhythm disorders during pregnancy and their treatment methods require further examination.
The Virginia earthquake of April 9, 1918
Authors: Watson Thomas L. 
Published: September 2021

Summary of geology and conclusions
Since, from the reports received, the shock seems to have been most severe in the northern part of the Valley of Virginia, a very brief summary of the geology of the northern valley region is of some interest in seeking the probable cause of the earthquake. The Valley of Virginia is bounded on the southeast by the Blue Ridge, the central portion of which is composed of pre-Cambrian igneous rocks and on the northwest by the Valley Ridges subprovince of folded sedimentary rocks ranging up to Devonian and Mississippian in age.
The valley maintains an approximate width of twenty miles from the state boundary southwestward to nearly the latitude of Greenville, Augusta County (Map, Plate I). From near the latitude of Strasburg and Riverton to that a short distance south of Harrisonburg, the valley is divided lengthwise by Massanutten Mountain, which is synclinal in structure and composed of sedimentary rock ranging up to and including Devonian in age. The mountain extends southwestward for a distance of about forty-five miles, and divides the valley lengthwise into two narrow valleys which average from five to ten miles in width. The Massanutten syncline, however, which involves the Martinsburg shale (Ordovician) at the surface, continues for a considerable distance both to the northeast and to the southwest of the north and south ends of the mountain proper.
The valley bottom is developed on folded limestone and shales of Cambro-Ordovician age, underlain by quartzites, sandstones, and shales of Lower Cambrian age which, because of their structure and greater resistance, are exposed along the northwest flank of the Blue Ridge. No igneous rocks are known to occur in the valley proper north of the latitude of northern Rockingham County.
The valley rocks are faulted, but in some localities at least the faulting appears to be slight, since the displacement is frequently not great enough to cut one or more formations. Bassler has recognized faulting at Winchester, one of the localities of highest intensity (VI R.-F. scale), during the earthquake of April 9, 1918. He says:5 “Although the full geologic structure in the vicinity of Winchester could not be determined because of lack of continuous exposures, the quarries and other outcrops just west and east of the town indicate that by faulting a band of Lower Ordovician dolomitic limestones has been interpolated between a band of Stones River limestones on the west and argillaceous limestones and shales of Chambersburg and Martinsburg age on the east.”
Faulting occurs at the base of Little North Mountain along the northwest side of the valley, and along the northwest front of the Blue Ridge on the southeast side of the valley a great overthrust fault, which apparently follows the Blue Ridge, has a horizontal displacement in places of at least four miles.
It seems probable, therefore, that the seismic disturbance of April 9, 1918, had its origin in one or more of the faults which characterize the region.
Lumped mass method for Rayleigh waves
Authors: Lysmer John 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A simple numerical method is developed for the analysis of generalized Rayleigh waves in multilayered elastic media. The method which completely avoids the use of displacement potentials leads to a simple eigenvalue problem which may be solved by generally available effective computer codes. Numerical results obtained by the method show excellent agreement with previously published solutions obtained by other theories.
S velocities at near distances in western central California
Authors: Filson John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An observational study of S from near earthquakes in western central California has been conducted. The average velocity of a single direct S arrival at Berkeley (BRK) from 25 earthquakes within 108 km is 3.60 ± .05 km/sec. At Vineyard (VIN) the clearest arrival from 12 earthquakes within 97 km has a velocity of 3.00 ± .06 km/sec. A weaker, earlier arrival is observed at VIN for 50 km &lt; Δ &lt; 100 km indicating a velocity of 3.51 ± .06 km/sec. The two arrivals at VIN may be due to either a lateral or vertical rustal velocity contrast. The greater attenuation of the higher velocity arrival at VIN with respect to BRK may indicate the dimension of an anelastic zone associated with regional faulting. SH arrivals identified on records from an instrument with extended long-period response have been identified as SHn with a velocity of 4.5 ± .2 km/sec. Source motions inferred from S-particle motion at BRK show a strong orientation with the trend of the regional faulting.