bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Diarrhea and its Management in Aden-Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poor Resource Setting
Authors: Abdulla Omniat N. M. , Badulla Wafa F. S. , Alshakka Mohammed , Al-Abd Nazeh , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Background: Diarrheal diseases are still a major cause of mortality and morbidity after respiratory infection in most developing countries. There are about 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal illness and 760,000 deaths in children under 5 every year around the world. Moreover, it has an undesirable effect on the development and growth of infants and young children.
Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding diarrhea and its management in Aden-Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers who visited Aden health centers in Aden city from April 2020 to July 2020. The respondents were chosen conveniently due to the difficulty of having a sampling frame. Data was collected using a KAP questionnaire.
Results: A total of 414 mothers aged 18 - 40 years had a child/children with diarrhea at the time of enrollment or in the preceding 3 to 6 months from enrollment. About 344 (83.1%) of mothers knew the definition of diarrhea, 244 (58.9 %) of mothers attributed the teething as a cause of diarrhea, and 284 (68.6%) of mothers recognized lethargy as a sign of dehydration. Nearly 201 (48.6 %) of the mothers mentioned that diarrhea could be managed and prevented at home, and 174 (42.0%) agreed that ORS is the first-line treatment for diarrhea, and 286 (69.1%) of mothers continue exclusive breastfeeding during diarrhea. However, only 170 (41.1%) of mothers prepared ORS at home, and most of them did not know the correct way of preparing it. About 327 (79.0%) of mothers consulted the medical centers during the episode, and 199 (48.1 %) of mothers took the child to the primary health center as an immediate response.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that the KAP of the mothers was unsatisfactory for the management of diarrheal diseases. Therefore, there must be educational intervention provided by health sectors to increase awareness. Furthermore, the government should provide quality water, sanitation, essential medicines, public education, etc., to reduce the causes of the prevalence of diarrhea.
Perancangan Board Game Edukasi Menggunakan Mekanik Hand Management Tentang Pemahaman Spesifikasi Gadget
Authors: Hartono Albertus Ang , Prasida T. Arie Setiawan , Prestiliano Jasson 
Published: October 2021

Di zaman modernisasi seperti sekarang ini, manusia sudah sangat bergantung pada teknologi salah satunya adalah gadget, yang keberadaannya berkembang pesat dan paling penting adalah handphone. Gadget handphone terdapat komponen yang disebut sebagai spesifikasi untuk menjalankan sistem. Banyak sekali anak-anak malas membaca dan tidak paham mengenai istilah spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan sehingga ketika aplikasi yang diinginkan tidak bisa dijalankan, pengguna akan menyalahkan developer ataupun handphone tersebut. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pemahaman spesifikasi gadget untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama kelas 7 menggunakan media board game. Tujuan penelitian ini adlaah merancang board game Spec sebagai media pembelajaran dan menumbuhkan minat keingintahuan siswa terhadap spesifikasi gadget handphone. Metode deskriptif dibuat dengan strategi linear dalam penelitian ini. Didapatkan hasil bahwa siswa menjadi lebih mengerti mengenai spesfiikasi handphone menggunakan board game Spec dan dapat digunakan untuk tujuan pendidikan.
Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Self‐Healing Hydrogels for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Chhillar Anish , Jaiswal Amit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDiabetic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are significant threats to human well‐being due to their impaired healing from poor circulation and high blood sugar, increased risk of infection and potential for severe complications like amputation, all compounded by peripheral neuropathy and chronic inflammation. Most therapies and dressings for DFUs focus on one symptom at a time, however, multifunctional smart self‐healing hydrogels can withstand multifactorial motional diabetic wounds. Motional wounds are easy‐to‐split wounds that experience tension, compression, and movement caused by stress now and then. Hyaluronic acid (HA) based self‐healing hydrogels stand out among other biomaterials due to their ability to cover irregular wound surfaces, maintain a moist environment, repair themselves when ruptured, and exhibit excellent biocompatibility. These self‐healing hydrogels can repair damages caused by movement and recover the functional properties during healing. These hydrogels can also act as therapeutic delivery vehicles and tissue regeneration systems. This review demonstrates the potential of HA‐based self‐healing hydrogels for diabetic wound healing. Due to its self‐healing capabilities, these hydrogels offer a customized therapeutic approach for motional diabetic wounds. The review also critically examines the challenges and future directions for HA‐based self‐healing hydrogels in diabetic wound healing.
In Situ Programmable, Active, and Interactive Crystallization by Localized Polymerization
Authors: Kim Kibeom , Oh Sangmin , Suh Bong Lim , Bae Junghyun , Namkoong Myeong , Kim Yeonji , Yoon Jinsik , Kim Hyeli , Lim Sujeong , Kim In Soo , Lee In‐Gyun , Moon Myoung‐Woon , Hur Kahyun , Park Wook , Cho Hyesung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing has sought active and interactive means of creating predictable structures with diverse materials. Compared to such active manufacturing tools, current crystallization strategies remain in statistical and passive programs of crystals via macroscale thermodynamic controllers, commonly lacking active means to intervene in crystal growth in a spatiotemporal manner. Herein, a strategy toward active and interactive programming and reprogramming of crystals, realized by real‐time tangible feedback on growing crystals by delicately controlling the degree of in‐situ, localized photopolymerization of polymeric structures via additive manufacturing is presented. Using this strategy, crystals can be seeded, guided, and even reprogrammed in a supersaturated liquid resin. In principle, the localized formation of sparse polymeric networks within supercooled resins can induce density fluctuation to trigger seed nucleation instantaneously, whereas the formation of dense networks can lower molecules’ mobilities to inhibit crystal growth. Assisted by these active triggers and deterministic procedural aspects in additive manufacturing, growing crystals can be tangibly interacted through programmed polymeric structures, strengthening deterministic characteristics in crystal growth. It is suggested that crystal growth can be programmable with deterministic hierarchies within the created crystal's morphologies within the background of inherent stochasticity in crystallization, launching an era of convolutional growth of crystals.
Light‐Triggered Reversible Assembly of Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets
Authors: Hazra Vishwadeepa , Saha Sougata , Pati Swapan K. , Bhattacharyya Sayan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvancements in stimuli‐driven nanoactuators necessitate the discovery of photo‐switchable, self‐contained semiconductor nanostructures capable of precise mechanical responses. The reversible assembly of 0D Cs3Bi2I9 halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) between stacked and scattered configurations are demonstrated under light and dark, respectively. This sunlight‐triggered perpetual flipping of the NPLs, occurring in less than a minute, is associated with a color change between brown and red. The photomechanical response is driven by the formation and cleavage of sulfide linkages at the NPL surface. In the stacked configuration, various stacking modes create moiré superstructures, enhancing the interlayer charge distribution, and increasing the electronic conductivity and optical absorbance. This leads to a decrease in exciton binding energy from 247 meV for scattered NPLs to 162 meV for stacked NPLs, resulting in a 3.5‐fold enhancement in dark current for the stacked NPL films. The switchable control over color and electric current is continuously reversible and retraceable, exhibiting a minor memory effect observed during extended cycling. The self‐flipping NPL nanoactuators demonstrate reversible mechanical responses, with topographical oscillations ranging from 14 nm in scattered NPLs to 50 nm in the vertically stacked configuration. This seamless reversible nano‐assembly with color interchangeability offers numerous possibilities for nanorobotics, nanoscale switches, and sensors.
Na+‐Complexed Dendritic Polyglycerols for Recovery of Frozen Cells and Their Network in Media
Authors: Won Tae Kyung , Shin Aram , Lee Sang Yup , Kim Byeong‐Su , Ahn Dong June 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel phenomenon is identified where precise control of topology and generation of polyglycerol induce the retention of Na+ ions in biological buffer systems, effectively inhibiting ice crystal growth during cryopreservation. Unlike linear and hyperbranched counterparts, densely‐packed hydroxyl and ether groups in 4th‐generation dendritic polyglycerol interact with the ions, activating the formation of hydrogen bonding at the ice interface. By inhibiting both intra‐ and extracellular ice growth and recrystallization, this biocompatible dendritic polyglycerol proves highly effective as a cryoprotectant; hence, achieving the cell recovery rates of ≈134–147%, relative to those of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide, which is a conventional cryoprotectant for human tongue squamous carcinoma (HSC‐3) cell line and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells. Further, it successfully recovers the network‐forming capabilities of HUVEC cells to ≈89% in tube formation after thawing. The Na+ ion retention‐driven ice‐growth inhibition activity in biological media highlights the unique properties of dendritic polyglycerol and introduces a new topological concept for cell‐cryoprotectant development.
Elastomeric Cavity Opto‐Mechanics: Low‐Power Soliton Frequency Combs
Authors: Rahmanian Sasan , Mouharrar Hamza , Alibakhshi Amin , Iqbal Zeeshan , Saucedo‐Mora Luis , Montáns Francisco Javier , Awrejcewicz Jan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn innovative, previously unexplored approach that leverages elastomeric membranes (EM) to develop a highly deformable cavity optomechanical resonator is proposed. This resonator generates multi soliton frequency combs (FCs) with low power consumption, a phenomenon of great interest in the realm of nonlinear light‐matter interactions. This approach marks a breakthrough due to its streamlined simplicity, utilizing a single continuous‐wave (CW) laser pump and an external acoustic wave. Matching the acoustic wave frequency with natural frequencies of the EM resonator accompanied by mechanical Kerr nonlinearities and dispersion give rise to the formation of mechanical FCs. The hyperelastic mechanical resonator and electromagnetic cavity resonance are parametrically coupled within the microwave frequency range, catalyzing the generation of mechanical FCs and their seamless transformation into optomechanical solitons within the optical domain with remarkable efficiency. Achieving stable pulse trains with a free spectral range ranging from 2 to 9 kHz using a few millimeter‐sized cavity by supplying 2 to 4 mW pump power marks a pivotal advancement in chip‐scale optomechanical resonators. This breakthrough holds transformative potential in domains such as quantum computing and spectroscopy. This method is fundamental to the creation of a mechanical Kerr medium, effectively bypassing the reliance on high mechanical quality‐factors.
Localized Charge‐Transfer State Antennas in Light‐Harvesting Microcrystals for Efficient Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Gu Lin‐Feng , Jiang Hai‐Tao , Sun Ji‐Hao , Wu Bin , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Lu Hang , Zhao Yu‐Dong , Yang Yu‐Hang , Wang Liang , Li Wei‐Feng , Zheng Min , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Song Bin , Wang Zuo‐Shan , Zhuo Ming‐Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe charge‐transfer (CT) complexes with significant electron delocalization demonstrate abundant appealing physicochemical features and unique orbital hybridization, creating great promise as artificial light‐harvesting antennas for advanced optoelectronics, such as high‐performance organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Herein, originally, a localized CT complex is proposed in organic microcrystals for exceptional orange‐emissive RTP with photoluminescence peaks at 575 and 625 nm based on the light‐harvesting antennas of CT states in organic microcrystals with donor doping. The localized CT state antennas can capture more singlet excitons, and transition them into triplet excitons, efficiently promoting intersystem crossing (ISC). Owing to the dense packing structure and strong CT interaction, the generation and stabilization of triplet excitons under ambient conditions are facilitated, imparting effective RTP with a lasting afterglow of up to 3 s. The controlled intensity ratio of fluorescence and phosphorescence is successfully achieved via finely adjusting the donor doping ratio, presenting a tunable CIE evolution from (0.42, 0.30) to (0.25, 0.12). The potential applications of these light‐harvesting microcrystals in information encryption and flexographic printing are illustrated.
A Simplified Model for Polycrystalline BaTiO3 Nanoresonator for Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Tognazzi Andrea , Franceschini Paolo , Weigand Helena , Talts Ülle‐Linda , Cino Alfonso Carmelo , Grange Rachel , De Angelis Costantino 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSecond Harmonic Generation (SHG) has become a critical technique in material characterization, image processing and microscopy. While bulk crystals have been traditionally used for SHG due to their high conversion efficiencies, limited control over radiation properties, delicate phase‐matching conditions and alignment pose significant challenges. The exploration of nanoscale materials and structures based on dielectric platforms has provided enhanced SHG efficiency and control, but their limited transparency in the visible spectral range and complex fabrication processes hinder broader application. Barium titanate (BaTiO3), a ferroelectric material with spontaneous polarization and nonlinear optical behavior, presents an attractive alternative due to its suitability for nano‐imprinting techniques, facilitating scalable production of metasurfaces. In this study, SHG from single polycrystalline BaTiO3 nanocylinders is investigated. Through polarization‐dependent experiments, the influence of crystalline domain orientation and arrangements within the nanocylinders on SHG efficiency is characterized. A simplified numerical model to interpret the different polarization‐dependent SHG diagrams obtained from nominally identical nanocylinders is developed. The results reveal the significant impact of domain geometry and relative size on SHG characteristics. By understanding the relationship between domain geometry and SHG giving insights into the material characterization and design optimization of BaTiO3 and other polycrystalline nanostructures in nonlinear optical devices.
Stimuli‐Responsive Light‐Diffusing Polarizers Self‐Assembled of Liquid Crystals and Polymers
Authors: Kakiuchida Hiroshi , Ogiwara Akifumi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLight‐diffusing polarizers of liquid crystal (LC)/polymer composites are fabricated via a self‐assembly process. The transmittance has a polarization extinction ratio more than ten and is controlled electro‐ or thermo‐responsively. Such stimuli responsiveness results from unidirectionally oriented, highly rotatable LCs existing in LC‐rich domains. The polarizers are photoinduced self‐organizable, electro‐driven controllable, and wavelength adjustable. The structures comprise (sub) micrometer‐long, narrow domains of LC and isotropic polymer phases, and some LCs are oriented perpendicular to the domain boundaries. Such LC orientation becomes self‐assembly ordered through photopolymerization‐induced phase separation (PPIPS), performed by nonuniform photoirradiation with direct or Fourier‐transformed speckle‐pattern projection. The polarization extinction ratio of light diffusion increases, as the compositional ratio of urethane prepolymers increases or the photoirradiation becomes more intense. LCs are found to be oriented more uniaxially in the LC‐richer (polymer‐poorer) phases. The uniaxially oriented LCs contribute to the optical polarization of light diffusion. The electro‐response time of polarization change is the order of 100 ms and microscopically caused by LC reorientation behavior in LC‐rich domains among open polymer networks. Two different light‐source wavelengths can be chosen for PPIPS by adjusting photoinitiators. The light‐diffusing polarizers extend photonic application range from the points of view of users and manufacturers.
Frequency‐Multiplexed Programmable Guided‐Wave‐Driven Metasurface for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication
Authors: Han Jian‐Qiao , Meng Fan‐Yi , Guan Chunsheng , Jin Tao , Ding Chang , Cai Tong , Wu Qun , Ding Xumin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe advancement of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication technology has necessitated the emergence of antenna systems with exceedingly stringent technical requirements, including beam scanning, dual‐band orthogonal polarization, low‐profile, low‐cost, and lightweight. Programmable guided‐wave‐driven metasurfaces demonstrate dynamic and advanced control of electromagnetic (EM) waves without external spatial feeding, complex power divider and accompanying phase shifter networks, making it a good candidate for LEO satellite communication. Herein, a frequency‐multiplexed guided‐wave‐driven metasurface for independent and dynamic control of dual‐band EM waves is proposed to achieve uplink and downlink in LEO satellite communication. Through vias are utilized to connect the meta‐atoms and the bottom layer of the substrate integrated waveguide, realizing a guided‐wave‐driven metasurface in which a complicated feeding network of radiation‐type metasurface can be avoided. By modulating the states of the four p–i–n diodes integrated within each meta‐atom, dynamic and independent 1‐bit phase switching across two distinct, tailored frequency bands is achieved. To validate this concept, the designed metasurface is fabricated and characterized, which exhibits excellent beam‐scanning performance at the two operating bands: 10.4 GHz for downlink and 12.5 GHz for uplink. The proposed low‐profile, dual‐band, and programmable metasurface shows great application potential in further satellitecommunication.
Simultaneous Perfect Anomalous Reflection and Angle of Arrival Sensing in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Authors: Movahediqomi Mostafa , Li Yongming , Ptitcyn Grigorii , Asadchy Viktar , Tretyakov Sergei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work introduces reconfigurable Intelligent surfaces (RISs) designed to simultaneously reflect single or multiple incident waves toward one or more receivers and sense their angles of arrival (AoA). Anomalous reflection with strongly suppressed parasitic scattering is achieved through an in situ optimization of either the currents flowing on array elements or the far field in the receiver direction. The suppression of parasitic scattering allows to accurately and without additional measurements or computations detect the angles of arrival of the illuminations through the spatial Fourier transform of the optimized current distribution through the controllable reactive loads. Unlike other recently proposed methods, the proposed scheme of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) does not require any pre‐computed data sets and works for an arbitrary number of simultaneous illuminations. As a proof of principle, the design and analysis of several reconfigurable intelligent surfaces consisting of an array of loaded wires above a ground plane are conducted using full‐wave simulations.
Engineering “Meso‐Atom” Bonding: Honeycomb‐Network Transitions in Reticular Liquid Crystals
Authors: Anders Christian , Tan Tianyi , Fischer Virginia‐Marie , Wang Ruoyu , Alaasar Mohamed , Waldecker Rebecca , Cao Yu , Liu Feng , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA library of rod‐like bolapolyphiles with sticky hydrogen‐bonded glycerol groups at their ends and having highly branched side chains with a carbosilane‐based four‐way branching point, all based on the same oligo(phenylene ethynylene) core, has been synthesized and investigated. For these compounds, a A15‐type Frank–Kasper phase is formed upon side‐chain elongation in the steric frustration range at the transition from the triangular to the much larger square honeycombs. In contrast to the previously known tetrahedral sphere packings the A15 phase is in this case formed by tetrahedral networks of aggregates of parallelly organized π‐conjugated rods. This allows the design of compounds with wide ranges of the A15 network down to room temperature. However, its formation becomes strongly disfavored by core fluorination that is attributed to a changing mode of core–core interaction that also modifies the square honeycombs by deformation of the squares into rectangular or rhombic cells, either with or without emergence of tilt of the rods.
Pyridinium‐Based Schiff‐Base Fluorescent Chemosensor for Sequential Detection of Al3+ Ions and TNP: Applications in Cell Imaging and Latent Fingerprint Visualization
Authors: Pragya  , Jain Sonali J. , Rangan Krishnan , Nath Jha Prabhat , Khungar Bharti 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA fluorescent pyridinium‐based chemosensor (E)‐1‐(2‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐((pyridin‐2‐ylimino) methyl) phenoxy) ethyl) pyridin‐1‐ium bromide (BzPySB) was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The chemosensing potential of BzPySB was explored using UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in the aqueous medium. The turn‐on fluorescence behavior was observed for BzPySB in the presence of Al3+, while other metal ions were non‐responsive. The B−H and Job′s plot confirmed the 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio of the BzPySB and Al3+. The in situ generated complex BzPySB‐Al3+ offered selectivity toward TNP via fluorescence turn‐off phenomena with high Ksv and LOD values. The “off‐on‐off” sensing mechanism was elucidated through 1H NMR, mass spectrometry, and DFT calculations. The probe also detected Al3+ in plant and MCF‐7 cells, highlighting its potential in biological systems. Moreover, BzPySB exhibited solid‐state luminescent properties credited to weak π‐π interaction, leading to its successful application in the visualization of latent fingerprints.