bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation with mung bean coat alleviates the disorders in serum glucose and lipid profile and modulates gut microbiota in high‐fat diet and streptozotocin‐induced prediabetic mice
Authors: Hou Dianzhi , Zhao Qingyu , Chen Borui , Ren Xin , Yousaf Laraib , Shen Qun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs amajor by‐product of mung bean processing, mung bean coat (MBC), which is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber, is deemed to be mainly responsible for the health benefits of mung bean. However, its beneficial effects on the hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and gut microbiota composition in prediabetic mice is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of MBC in alleviating high‐fat diet and streptozotocin‐induced prediabetes. Herein, compared with the model control, dietary supplementation with MBC (3%, w/w) for 12 weeks significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose (24.60%), total cholesterol (15.72%), triglyceride (14.41%), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (22.45%). Furthermore, the improvements in glucose tolerance were reflected in the reduction of the area under the curve (AUC) and incremental AUC by approximately 23.08% and 51.18%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota suggested that MBC promoted the enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Roseburia and Bifidobacterium) and the production of short‐chain fatty acids. All of the results from this study provided a scientific reference for avoiding the functional ingredients waste of MBC and expanding its application value.
Image‐guided spinal injection for pain management
Authors: Wong Osanna , Zhang George , Matthews Hayden , Skalski Mathew , Asadi Hamed , Lalloo Shivendra , Kurda Dylan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadiculopathy and spinal pain are debilitating conditions affecting millions of people worldwide each year. While most cases can be managed conservatively with physiotherapy and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medications, minimally invasive corticosteroid injections are the mainstay intervention for those not responsive to conservative treatment. Historically, spinal injections were performed in the absence of imaging guidance; however, imaging modalities, in particular fluoroscopy and computer tomography (CT), have become the standard of care in performing most of these procedures. Under imaging guidance, operators can accurately confirm needle placement and safely target localised pathologies.
Dating the pendant burials of north‐west Arabia: First radiometric results from the Khaybar Oasis, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kennedy Melissa A. , McMahon Jane , Thomas Hugh , Boyer David D. , Repper Rebecca , Dalton Matthew , AlKhaldi Khalid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe monumental stone structures of the Arabian Peninsula have been notoriously difficult to date. Due to their visibility in the landscape, they have suffered from extensive robbing and later reuse, which has compromised dating methodologies. In particular, our understanding of when the elaborate “pendants” (also known as “tailed cairns” or “tailed tower tombs”) of north‐west Arabia were first constructed has remained incomplete. Recent work undertaken by the Aerial Archaeology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – Khaybar project provides some of the first radiometric dates for the pendants of Saudi Arabia. These structures can now be dated as far back as the third millennium BCE, revealing for the first time a hitherto undocumented, large‐scale, monumental funerary landscape dating to the Early Bronze Age. These radiocarbon dates bring the advent of the pendant building tradition in line with funerary developments across the wider Arabian Peninsula, and may mark a profound reconfiguring of the wider Harrat Khaybar landscape during the third millennium BCE.
Combination treatment with monoclonal antibodies: Secukinumab, benralizumab and dupilumab for the combined management of psoriasis and severe asthma
Authors: Mahar Patrick D , Zubrinich Celia M , Manuelpillai Nick , Foley Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiological disease‐modifying agents have increasingly become available for the effective treatment of both cutaneous and non‐cutaneous inflammatory conditions. We report a case of a woman treated successfully for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with the IL‐17 inhibitor secukinumab whilst simultaneously being treated for severe asthma and nasal polyps, initially with the IL‐5 inhibitor benralizumab, followed by dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the IL‐4 receptor alpha subunit which blocks signalling from both IL‐4 and IL‐13.
A camera trap appraisal of species richness and community composition of medium and large mammals in a Miombo woodland reserve
Authors: Reece Sally J. , Radloff Frans G. T. , Leslie Alison J. , Amin Rajan , Tambling Craig J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiological monitoring in protected areas is essential for making management decisions, especially in small (<1000 km2), fenced reserves which require intensive intervention to maintain core habitat characteristics. Estimates of species richness and community structure provide important information for planning and evaluating conservation strategies. Majete Wildlife Reserve (MWR) is a small (691 km2), isolated reserve in southern Malawi in the Miombo Woodland Ecoregion. We investigated species richness and community structure of the terrestrial medium and large mammals at MWR through a standardised camera trap survey. During the 2018 dry season, 140 camera locations were sampled for 40 days each. Thirty‐five mammal species were detected and Chao 2, ICE and Jackknife 1 and 2 richness estimators indicated between 36–41 species present which aligns closely with historic accounts. Non‐detection of some species is attributed to species specialised habitat requirements not catered for in the systematic camera trap survey design. Mammal community structure, calculated from the camera detected species’ relative abundance indices (RAI), was atypical for Miombo woodland, with an underrepresentation of elephants. Camera trap‐derived RAI was positively related with 2018 aerial census species encounter data. These results can assist management in refining survey techniques and act as a baseline to monitor conservation efforts.
Differences in biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction in cord blood between normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes
Authors: Lee‐Tannock Alison , Hay Karen , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: August 2021

AimsThe aim of this study was to compare biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction in cord blood in women with uncomplicated pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by maternal pre‐gestational and gestational diabetes and to correlate these findings with fetal echocardiography parameters of cardiac function.Material and methodsFetal echocardiographic assessment was performed longitudinally on 78 fetuses in the normal cohort and 32 in the diabetic cohort by measuring tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, mitral annular plane systolic excursion, myocardial performance index, interventricular septum (IVS) thickness and left fractional shortening between July 2015 and December 2017. Cord blood samples were obtained at birth and levels of troponin I (TnI), B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the amnio terminal segment of its prohormone measured.ResultsWomen with diabetes had significantly higher median body mass index and mean z‐scores for BNP. Significant associations were observed between maternal diabetes and obesity and cord‐blood BNP z‐scores. The effect of diabetes on TnI levels were similar, with mean values higher in women with gestational diabetes compared to normal pregnancies; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. These biomarker findings correlated with an increased IVS thickness in the diabetic group. No difference was demonstrated in the other cardiac function parameters measured.ConclusionBiochemical markers of cardiac dysfunction are elevated in infants of diabetic and obese mothers and correlated with increased IVS thickness.
Fracture toughness examination of dual‐phase and interstitial free steel using essential work of fracture method
Authors: M. R. Sunilkumar , Schmidova Eva , Konopík Pavel , Melzer Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFracture toughness of automotive‐grade dual‐phase steel (DP450) and interstitial free (IF) steel is determined using essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology. Geometrical constraints of standard fracture toughness tests made the EWF method an alternative for thin sheets. Double edge notched tension (DENT) specimens are used for the EWF tests. The two steels have different mechanical and microstructural properties, which helps test the applicability of the EWF methodology to different materials. The effect of notch‐tip radius on the EWF test results is analyzed for both the steels. The sensitivity of fracture toughness to notch‐tip radius is not the same for both steels. During the EWF test, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique is used to determine the local strain variation of DENT specimens. The hole expansion ratio is determined for the two steels to compare against the EWF test results. The IF steel, despite lower strength, has better fracture toughness and hole expansion capability against the DP450 steel.
Squamous and basal cell carcinoma with perineural invasion: pathophysiology and presentations
Authors: Sherwani Yousuf , Aldana Paola C. , Khachemoune Amor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSquamous and basal cell carcinomas with perineural invasion are typically difficult to treat because of their propensity to metastasize, their aggressive nature, and the concept of skip lesions. Perineural invasion is an under‐recognized and underdiagnosed condition even though the literature points to its high rate of incidence in squamous cell carcinoma and a nonnegligible incidence rate in basal cell carcinoma. Perineural invasion has been linked to higher recurrence rates and poorer prognosis. This review has been written to aid clinicians in identifying and managing the condition as early as possible by describing the clinical and microscopic manifestations of perineural invasion.
The special unfolded protein response in plasma cells
Authors: Ricci Daniela , Gidalevitz Tali , Argon Yair 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe high rate of antibody production places considerable metabolic and folding stress on plasma cells (PC). Not surprisingly, they rely on the unfolded protein response (UPR), a universal signaling, and transcriptional network that monitors the health of the secretory pathway and mounts cellular responses to stress. Typically, the UPR utilizes three distinct stress sensors in the ER membrane, each regulating a subset of targets to re‐establish homeostasis. PC use a specialized UPR scheme—they preemptively trigger the UPR via developmental signals and suppress two of the sensors, PERK and ATF6, relying on IRE1 alone. The specialized PC UPR program is tuned to the specific needs at every stage of development—from early biogenesis of secretory apparatus, to massive immunoglobulin expression later. Furthermore, the UPR in PC integrates with other pathways essential in a highly secretory cell—mTOR pathway that ensures efficient synthesis, autophagosomes that recycle components of the synthetic machinery, and apoptotic signaling that controls cell fate in the face of excessive folding stress. This specialized PC program is not shared with other secretory cells, for reasons yet to be defined. In this review, we give a perspective into how and why PC need such a unique UPR program.
Acesulfame potassium induces dysbiosis and intestinal injury with enhanced lymphocyte migration to intestinal mucosa
Authors: Hanawa Yoshinori , Higashiyama Masaaki , Kurihara Chie , Tanemoto Rina , Ito Suguru , Mizoguchi Akinori , Nishii Shin , Wada Akinori , Inaba Kenichi , Sugihara Nao , Horiuchi Kazuki , Okada Yoshikiyo , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Komoto Shunsuke , Tomita Kengo , Hokari Ryota 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium (ACK) is officially approved as safe for intake and has been used in processed foods. However, ACKs have been reported to induce metabolic syndrome, along with alteration of the gut microbiota in mice. In recent years, studies have suggested that this artificial sweetener promotes myeloperoxidase reactivity in Crohn's disease‐like ileitis. We aimed to investigate the effect of ACK on the intestinal mucosa and gut microbiota of normal mice.MethodsAcesulfame potassium was administered to C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) via free drinking. Intestinal damage was evaluated histologically, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL1‐β, MAdCAM‐1, GLP1R, and GLP2R were determined with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of MAdCAM‐1 in the small intestine. The composition of gut microbiota was assessed using high‐throughput sequencing. We performed intravital microscopic observation to examine if ACK altered lymphocyte migration to the intestinal microvessels.ResultsAcesulfame potassium increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, decreased the expression of GLP‐1R and GLP‐2R, and induced small intestinal injury with an increase in intestinal permeability, and ACK treatment induced microbial changes, but the transfer of feces alone from ACK mice did not reproduce intestinal damage in recipient mice. ACK treatment significantly increased the migration of lymphocytes to intestinal microvessels.ConclusionAcesulfame potassium induces dysbiosis and intestinal injury with enhanced lymphocyte migration to intestinal mucosa. Massive use of non‐caloric artificial sweeteners may not be as safe as we think.
Speech and the swallowing threshold in single implant overdenture wearers: A paired control study
Authors: Meira Ingrid Andrade , Pinheiro Mayara Abreu , Prado‐Tozzi Daniela Almeida , Cáceres‐Barreno Andrés Humberto , de Moraes Márcio , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSingle implant mandibular overdentures (SIMOs) can improve mastication in edentulous elderly people. However, little attention has been paid to their effects on articulation disorders and the swallowing threshold relative to those of conventional complete dentures (CDs).ObjectiveTo compare the effects of new conventional CD set and SIMOs on articulation disorders, mandibular movements during speech and swallowing threshold using a paired study design.MethodsTwenty‐two edentulous Brazilian Portuguese–speaking elderly people (mean age 66.7 ± 4.6 years) were first evaluated whilst wearing their old conventional CDs. Articulation disorders were analysed by audio and video recordings, mandibular movements during speech were measured by kinesiography, and the swallowing threshold was assessed by masticatory cycle counting and medium particle size (X50) calculation. Participants then received new conventional CDs, and evaluations were repeated 2 months later. Subsequently, single implants were installed in the midlines of subjects’ mandibles, and the conventional CDs were converted to SIMOs. After 2 months of SIMOs use, the evaluations were repeated. Data were submitted to the Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel and ANOVA.ResultsNo difference in articulation disorders was found between new conventional CD and SIMO use. The frequency of anterior lisp during /s/ and /z/ phoneme pronunciation was reduced with new conventional CD use relative to old conventional CD use (p < .05). The X50 decreased progressively with new conventional CD and SIMO use (both p < .05).ConclusionSIMOs do not alter speech relative to new well‐fitted conventional CDs, but improved the swallowing threshold, in edentulous elderly people.
Electromyographic evaluation of perioral muscle activities during facial expression and button‐pull exercise
Authors: Tada Mihoko , Ofusa Wataru , Shiratori Takami , Yamamoto Masahito , Shoji Yoshio , Suzuki Noriko , Yamada Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMuscle weakness negatively affects perioral muscles and quality of life. The button‐pull exercise is used to teach lip closure (LC) and to strengthen muscles. However, how the muscles accomplish LC during button‐pull and its training effect on each muscle are unknown.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the LC mechanism and the efficacy of perioral muscle training.MethodsElectromyographic (EMG) activities were obtained from perioral muscles along with the lip closing force (LCF) and were normalised to the maximum LC activities. Correlations between muscle activities and LCF were assessed during LCF increment/decrement task. The effectiveness of training methods was evaluated during functional face tasks (FFT). The effects of button‐pull on muscles were evaluated during static loadings with two sized buttons.ResultsThe muscles were active during LC, and the amplitudes changed with the LCF. In FFT, the muscles were simultaneously active and the total activity was highest during the blowing task. In button‐pull, maximum button‐pulling forces (BPFs) were significantly larger with the large button (p = .0001). In the static loading task, muscle activities increased with increasing button load. However, the small button produced significantly greater EMG activity than the large button in most of the load (p < .005).ConclusionLC is accomplished by the cooperation of perioral muscles. In button‐pull, a larger button requires a larger BPF, but a smaller button shows higher muscle activities. Face expression exercises compare favourably with button‐pull. Forceful LC and blowing tasks may be effective and balanced training of the perioral muscles.
The effect of carrier on consumer liking of soy sauce
Authors: Keefer Heather R. M. , Harwood William S. , Ennis Daniel , Drake MaryAnne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoy sauce may be consumed as an ingredient, a marinade, or as a compliment to sushi. The objective of this study was to determine the role of carrier in the context of consumer liking and differentiation of soy sauces. A trained descriptive analysis panel (n = 8) documented aromatics, basic tastes, and mouthfeel factors of 27 different soy sauces. Ten representative soy sauces were selected for consumer evaluation. Soy sauces were presented on meatballs, cucumber sushi rolls, and neat in three separate sessions. Within each session, consumers (n = 121) reported overall liking for each soy sauce. Overall liking scores were evaluated by two‐way analysis of variance (soy sauce × context) and landscape segmentation analysis (LSA) was applied to visualize consumer ideal points for each context. Soy sauce liking scores were highest for meatballs and lowest for neat evaluation (p < .05). Context and soy sauce impacted liking (p < .05), but there was no interaction (p > .05), and liking scores were generally consistent, regardless of context. Drivers of liking determined via LSA differed slightly among the various contexts tested, and there was evidence that consumer ideals within a product space shifted in different contexts.Practical ApplicationsSelection of a carrier for a consumer taste test can be time‐consuming and expensive. This study demonstrates that consumers can evaluate soy sauces neat and provide the same directional information as if the consumers evaluated the soy sauces with a carrier.
Religious Fundamentalism and Quest as Predictors of Moral Foundations Among Iranian Muslims
Authors: Mikani Mehdi , Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaei SeyedKazem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDoes religion make us moral? How do individual differences in religious beliefs influence morality? Can we predict differences in moral concerns by certain facets of religiousness? Here, we attempted to answer these hotly debated questions within a novel psychological framework called “moral foundations theory.” We extended past research on the relationship between moral foundations and religiosity that was limited to Christian samples in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) societies. Data were collected from 276 Iranian Muslims who completed an online survey measuring religious dimensions and the endorsement of five moral foundations (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity). Each of the moral foundations was positively correlated with intrinsic religiosity, religious fundamentalism, and religious activity, while quest religiousness was negatively correlated with binding foundations. However, controlling for general religiosity and demographic variables, we found that religious fundamentalism predicted binding foundations; quest religiousness predicted individualizing foundations; intrinsic religiosity predicted care, authority, and purity.
Mean‐ portfolio selection and ‐arbitrage for coherent risk measures
Authors: Herdegen Martin , Khan Nazem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe revisit mean‐risk portfolio selection in a one‐period financial market where risk is quantified by a positively homogeneous risk measure . We first show that under mild assumptions, the set of optimal portfolios for a fixed return is nonempty and compact. However, unlike in classical mean‐variance portfolio selection, it can happen that no efficient portfolios exist. We call this situation ‐arbitrage, and prove that it cannot be excluded—unless is as conservative as the worst‐case risk measure. After providing a primal characterization of ‐arbitrage, we focus our attention on coherent risk measures that admit a dual representation and give a necessary and sufficient dual characterization of ‐arbitrage. We show that the absence of ‐arbitrage is intimately linked to the interplay between the set of equivalent martingale measures (EMMs) for the discounted risky assets and the set of absolutely continuous measures in the dual representation of . A special case of our result shows that the market does not admit ‐arbitrage for Expected Shortfall at level if and only if there exists an EMM such that .
Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF induces apoptosis in MG63 cells via caspase‐3/‐8/‐9 without activation of caspase‐1/GSDMD
Authors: Li Yang , Wen Cheng , Zhong Jialin , Ling Junqi , Jiang Qianzhou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveRegulated cell death is key in the pathogenesis of persistent apical periodontitis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of regulated cell death in osteoblast‐like MG63 cells infected with Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF.Materials and methodsMG63 cells were infected with live E. faecalis OG1RF at the indicated multiplicity of infection for the indicated infection time. We evaluated the cells by flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay and lactate dehydrogenase release analysis; measured the activity of caspase‐1/‐3/‐8/‐9 and the release of interleukin‐1β; and determined the expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins and gasdermin D by apoptosis antibody array and Western blotting.ResultsEnterococcus faecalis OG1RF reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of the infected cells, increased the percentage of apoptotic and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling‐positive cells, and enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release. The expression of caspase‐3 and survivin and the activity of caspase‐3/‐8/‐9 were upregulated, while the expression of death receptor 6 was downregulated. The activity of caspase‐1/gasdermin D and the release of interleukin‐1β remained unaltered.ConclusionEnterococcus faecalis OG1RF induced both intrinsic and extrinsic MG63 cell apoptosis via caspase‐3/‐8/‐9 activation but did not activate the pyroptotic pathway regulated by caspase‐1/gasdermin D.