bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining and identifying potentially morally injurious experiences for secure mental healthcare workers: a Delphi study
Authors: Webb Elanor Lucy , Ireland Jane L. , Lewis Michael 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Staff in secure mental health-care settings face unique occupational challenges that may conflict with their personal or professional moral code. Initial research has established the presence of moral injury in this population, though insight into the specific sources and driving factors at the root of this syndrome is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify potentially morally injurious events and associated risk factors for secure mental healthcare staff.

Design/methodology/approach
To address this gap, a three-round expert Delphi survey was conducted to gain consensus on the conceptualisation, types and drivers of potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) for secure mental health-care workers. Health-care professionals and academics in the field were recruited.

Findings
A high level of consensus (= 80%) was achieved on several sources of moral injury, which related to aspects of the health-care system, the secure context, relational dynamics and individual practices, behaviours and attitudes. Experts also agreed on several items relating to the definition of a PMIE, the factors driving the occurrence of PMIEs and the factors increasing risk for the subsequent development of moral injury.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that current definitions of PMIEs may, in isolation, be too narrow, prompting the need to attend to the broad range of PMIEs experienced by secure mental health-care staff. In addition, recommendations for the primary and secondary prevention of moral injury in secure mental health-care staff are offered, recognising the particular need for intervention at a systemic level.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to consider the range of sources of moral injury faced by staff providing for people with complex forensic and mental health needs.
Policing conspiracy theorists: the importance of procedural justice policing and trust
Authors: Murphy Kristina 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought out the best in people, but it also brought out the worst in people. Authorities grappled with the proliferation of misinformation, belief in conspiracy theories, distrust of authorities and anti-social behaviour. As frontline enforcers of COVID-19 restrictions, police were confronted with these attitudes and behaviours every day. This study examines whether the perceived trustworthiness of police during the pandemic – particularly procedural justice – protected public trust in police and reduced conspiracy theory uptake.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses survey data collected from 779 Australians during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsFindings revealed that individuals who perceived police as untrustworthy during the pandemic, as well as those scoring high on conspiracy propensity, were less likely to trust police and were more likely to endorse COVID-19-specific conspiracy theories. Further, trust mediated the relationship between procedural justice and endorsement of conspiracy theories, and conspiracy propensity moderated the relationship between procedural justice and endorsement of conspiracy theories. Specifically, procedural justice protected trust most strongly for those low on conspiracy propensity, but reduced endorsement of COVID-19 conspiracy theories most strongly for those high on conspiracy propensity. Together, the findings show that procedural justice policing is critical for protecting trust in police and for mitigating conspiracy theory uptake.Originality/valueThe study makes a novel contribution to the policing, trust and conspiracy theory literature as it is the first to test whether conspiracy propensity moderates the relationship between procedural justice on peoples’ trust in police and their endorsement of conspiracy theories.
Eyespot peek‐a‐boo: Leaf rolls enhance the antipredator effect of insect eyespots
Authors: Postema Elizabeth G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Animal colour patterns are often accompanied by specific, synergistic behaviours to most effectively defend prey against visual predators. Given the inherent context‐dependence of colour perception, understanding how these colour‐behaviour synergies function in a species' natural environment is crucial.

For example, refuge‐building species create a unique visual environment where most (or all) of the body is obscured unless closely inspected. How these built environments affect the perception of defensive colour patterns by predators is not well understood.

Using artificial caterpillars that resemble a refuge‐building species with conspicuous markings (Papilio troilus; Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), I tested the hypothesis that leaf rolls amplify the antipredator effect of this species' eyespots. I compared wild avian predation rates on 659 artificial swallowtail‐like caterpillars from four treatment groups: eyespotted and non‐eyespotted, and presented in leaf rolls or on open leaves of live host plants.

In support of my hypothesis, eyespots only reduced predation for larvae in leaf rolls. On open leaves, eyespots had no antipredator effect. I also found that leaf rolls reduced predation in general for both eyespotted and non‐eyespotted prey.

These results highlight the importance of considering relevant behaviours in studies of animal coloration whenever possible, including behaviours that influence colour perception indirectly (e.g. through habitat use or modification).
The European Union in its pursuit of being a global leader in climate neutrality
Authors: Tkachuk Olesia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis contribution examines the most important actions taken by the European Union (EU) to improve the global climate. Positioning itself as a leader in climate action, the EU has adopted the European Green Deal (EGD) strategy, in which it has defined the long‐term goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. Moreover, one of the aims of EU climate leadership is to influence external partners, which takes various forms (e.g., participation in conferences under the auspices of the United Nations, financial support for partner countries, and political dialog). However, the soft power instruments used by the EU to combat climate change are encountering a number of challenges conditioned by events both within the EU (e.g., farmers' protests) and outside its borders (e.g., Russian aggression against Ukraine). They require greater coordination and preventive efforts to reduce the impact of potential new crises and to strengthen the EU's strategic autonomy.
Exosomal PVRL4 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression by Enhancing the Generation of Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cell‐Secreted TGF‐β1
Authors: Liang Yahai , Li Jinmei , Zhang Lihua , Zhou Jinling , Liu Meilian , Peng Xiaoxia , Zheng Weizhen , Lai Zhennan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe cancer cell marker poliovirus receptor‐like protein 4 (PVRL4) has been shown to be highly expressed in many cancers, including lung cancer. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive roles that can attenuate the anticancer response. Here, the precise functions and the relationship between PVRL4 and MDSCs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression were investigated.MethodsDetection of levels of mRNAs and proteins was conducted using qRT‐PCR and western blotting. The CCK‐8, colony formation, transwell, wound healing assays, and flow cytometry were used to explore cell growth, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, respectively. ELISA analysis detected TGF‐β1 contents. LUAD mouse models were established for in vivo assay. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation. MDSCs were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by cytokine or co‐culture with cancer cells.ResultsLUAD tissues and cells showed high PVRL4 expression, and PVRL4 deficiency suppressed LUAD cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro, and impeded LUAD growth in vivo. Thereafter, we found that PVRL4 was packaged into exosomes in LUAD cells, and could be transferred into PBMCs to promote MDSC induction and the expression of MDSC‐secreted TGF‐β1. Functionally, the silencing of exosomal PVRL4 impaired LUAD cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and evoked cell apoptosis, which could be reversed by the incubation of TGF‐β1‐overexpressed MDSCs.ConclusionExosomal PVRL4 promoted LUAD progression by inducing the secretion of TGF‐β1 in MDSCs, indicating a novel direction for LUAD immunotherapy.
From Genetics to Psychosocial Functioning: Unraveling the Mediating Roles of Cognitive Reserve, Cognition, and Negative Symptoms in First‐Episode Psychosis
Authors: Forte M. Florencia , Clougher Derek , Segura Àlex G. , Mezquida Gisela , Sánchez‐Torres Ana Maria , Vieta Eduard , Garriga Marina , Lobo Antonio , González‐Pinto Ana M , Diaz‐Caneja Covadonga M. , Roldan Alexandra , Martínez‐Arán Anabel , de la Serna Elena , Mané Anna , Mas Sergi , Torrent Carla , Allot Kelly , Bernardo Miquel , Amoretti Silvia ,   PEPs Group
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies have shown associations between polygenic risk scores for educational attainment (PRSEA), cognitive reserve (CR), cognition, negative symptoms (NS), and psychosocial functioning in first‐episode psychosis (FEP). However, their specific interactions remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of CR, cognition, and NS in the relationship between PRSEA and psychosocial functioning one year after a FEP. Additionally, we sought to explore the impact of two NS subtypes on this relationship: diminished Expression (EXP‐NS) and Motivation and Pleasure (MAP‐NS).MethodsA total of 138 FEP participants, predominantly male (70%), with a mean age of 24.77 years (SD = 5.29), underwent genetic, clinical, and cognitive assessments two months after study enrollment. Functioning evaluation followed at one‐year follow‐up. To investigate the mediating role of CR, cognition, and NS in the relationship between PRSEA and functioning, a serial mediation model was employed. Two further mediation models were tested to explore the differential impact of EXP‐NS and MAP‐NS. Mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro version 4.1 within SPSS version 26.ResultsThe serial mediation model revealed a causal chain for PRSEA > CR > cognition > NS > Functioning (β = −3.08, 95%CI [−5.73, −0.43], p = 0.023). When differentiating by type of NS, only EXP‐NS were significantly associated in the casual chain (β = −0.17, 95% CI [−0.39, −0.01], p < 0.05).ConclusionsCR, cognition and NS ‐specifically EXP‐NS‐ mediate the association between PRSEA and psychosocial functioning at one‐year follow‐up in FEP patients. These results highlight the potential for personalized interventions based on genetic predisposition.
The life cycle, nesting behaviour and diet of resin bee Megachile tosticauda (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Williamson Elisabeth , Prendergast Kit , Leijs Remko , Hogendoorn Katja 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe life cycle, nesting behaviour and diet breadth of the resin bee Megachile (Hackeriapis) tosticauda (Cockerell) are described for the first time. Microscopic imaging of the larval provisions and pollen from the scopa showed that Megachile tosticauda from Adelaide, South Australia, is narrowly oligolectic and specialised on Eucalyptus pollen. Parasites of the nests were identified, and the developmental timeline was outlined. A comparison between behaviour in South Australia (SA) and Western Australia (WA) revealed similarities in nest architecture and parasitism but showed discrepancies in emergence times, nest substrate and potentially diet width. However, the diet analysis from WA was based on visual floral visitations and pollen metabarcoding, neither of which indicate active pollen collection. The difference in diet breadth of this species needs to be ascertained by assessing the larval provisions.
Concomitant Robot‐Assisted Partial Nephrectomy and Pyelolithotomy for Small Renal Cell Carcinoma and Partial Staghorn Calculus in the Same Kidney: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sawazaki Harutake , Kitamura Yosuke , Furukawa Yoshiyuki , Asano Atsushi , Yoshimura Ichiro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTManagement of a small renal mass and a renal stone in the same kidney presents several dilemmas. Simultaneous robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy and pyelolithotomy via the same surgical access site is a reasonable approach in a patient with both entities. An 80‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with a 2.3‐cm enhancing mass in the lower pole of the right kidney (cT1aN0M0, RENAL score 4a) and a 1.5‐cm ipsilateral partial staghorn calculus. Concurrent robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy and pyelolithotomy was planned. Partial nephrectomy was performed first, followed by pyelolithotomy performed through the same surgical access. Both operations were completed successfully. The total operation time was 319 min and the estimated blood loss was 30 mL. Warm ischemia time was 22 min. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Simultaneous robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy and pyelolithotomy was technically feasible and safe. This minimally invasive approach should be considered when managing a kidney that contains both entities.
Nostalgia encourages exploration and fosters uncertainty in response to AI technology
Authors: Dang Jianning , Sedikides Constantine , Wildschut Tim , Liu Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning progress of cutting‐edge technology paradoxically evokes nostalgia. How does this emotion influence responses to innovative technology, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI)? We hypothesized that two pathways operate concurrently. First, by enhancing connection with significant others, nostalgia constitutes a psychological resource that supports exploration of technological innovation, thereby promoting positive responses to AI. Second, by reinforcing scepticism toward change, nostalgia heightens uncertainty about innovative technology, thereby fostering negative responses to AI. Three preregistered experiments, testing participants (ΣN = 1397) across cultures (China, UK, USA), supported the two pathways. Nostalgia influenced responses to ChatGPT via two opposing serial pathways (Experiment 1). Further, social connectedness bolstered favourable responses to AI avatars via increased technology exploration (Experiment 2), whereas scepticism about change reduced favourable responses to companion robots via increased technology uncertainty (Experiment 3). This dualistic role of nostalgia can be harnessed to sustain new technology or instill caution for its risks.
A “Renewed Conversation” about Ethical Management in Canada's Public Service: Where Should We Be Headed?
Authors: Armstrong Amélie , Stedman Ian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCanada's federal public servants believe their values and ethics framework are falling short, particularly in ensuring accountability from senior leadership. This article explores the many emerging challenges for ethical leadership in Canada's federal public service and argues for specific reform approaches. We offer key recommendations, including the need to align various systems that help foster ethical leadership, improving the enforcement of accountability mechanisms for senior leadership, and employing data‐driven performance metrics to improve the ethical management of people and services. We conclude by exploring the preconditions for sustained reform and the long‐term measures required to embed ethical accountability across public service institutions. Our analysis emphasizes the essential role of people, starting with senior executives. We assert that policies and codes of conduct alone cannot achieve organizational ethics—only strong, values‐driven and accountable leadership can influence culture and ensure lasting change in people and services.
Digital Transformation Versus Westminster Traditionalism: Mindset, Mechanisms and Critical Enablers of Systemic Adaptation
Authors: Roy Jeffrey 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince its inception, digital government has been a struggle between transformational aspirations and contested reforms grounded within a traditionalist governance ethos. Following a conceptual situating of such tensions, we focus on three interrelated thematic sets of digital governance reforms: i) organizational governance and enterprise architecture; ii) COVID‐19 and hybrid work arrangements; and iii) the escalating risks and complexities of cybersecurity. This article argues that the pervasiveness of traditional Westminster principles—notably information secrecy and hierarchical control—has shackled the emergence of an alternative governance ethos more aligned with digital innovation and systemic openness. In order to forge the latter, three critical enablers of systemic transformation must be embraced: first, a more collaborative and open political mindset; second, an alternative governance architecture championed by a new organizational entity; and third, the forging of a more diverse and empowered public service to strengthen digital governance adaptation and anticipatory capacities.
Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia in Patients With Non‐Overtly Functional Adrenal Tumours
Authors: Mirzaei Hadis , Patrova Jekaterina , Mannheimer Buster , Lindh Jonatan D. , Falhammar Henrik 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and incidence of dementia in patients with non‐overtly functional adrenal tumours (NOFATs).DesignA national retrospective register‐based study was conducted on patients diagnosed with NOFAT and controls diagnosed between 2005 and 2019, in Sweden. Individuals diagnosed with overt adrenal hormone excess or previous malignancies were excluded. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subgroups with a combination of gallbladder/biliary tract/pancreatic disease. and acute appendicitis, as well as 3‐ and 12‐months of malignancy‐free survival.MeasurementsPrevalence and incidence of dementia. The secondary outcomes were Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.ResultsAmong 20,390 cases, 12,120 (59.4%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 66 (57–73) years. Among the 125,392 controls, 69,994 (55.8%) were women and the median (IQR) age was 66 (57–73) years. Patients with NOFATs had a lower prevalence of dementia compared to controls (odds ratio [OR] 0.58, 95% CI 0.50–0.68, adjusted OR [aOR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.40–0.56). During the follow‐up period (median 4.9 years, IQR 2.2–8.2), incidence of dementia was similar in NOFATs and controls (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% CI 0.97–1.15, adjusted HR [aHR] 1.06, 95% CI 0.97–1.15). Similar results obtained for Alzheimer's dementia (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34–0.57; aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.80–1.10) and vascular dementia (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52–0.94, aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35–0.64; HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.08–1.53, aHR 1.13, 95% CI 0.95–1.35) as well as in the sensitivity analyses. Adrenalectomy did not change the results.ConclusionNOFAT was not associated with an increased risk of dementia.
Environmental and technical efficiency of French suckler sheep farms under pollution‐generating technologies: A multi‐equation stochastic frontier approach using info‐metrics
Authors: Minviel Jean‐Joseph , Benoit Marc , Latruffe Laure 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReducing the negative environmental impact of production activities without (substantial) loss of production is a crucial challenge for the agricultural sector. Investigating farms' environmental and technical efficiency (TE) levels and drivers can contribute to addressing this issue. In this regard, based on recent theoretical developments on the appropriate handling of undesirable outputs in the modeling of production technologies, this paper introduces a multi‐equation stochastic frontier framework for technical and environmental efficiency (EE) analysis. This framework is applied to a sample of French suckler sheep farms. The results indicate that, on average, farms in the sample can increase their desirable output by 20% without using more inputs while reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by 24%. Findings also show that relatively high (low) levels of TE are associated with relatively low (high) levels of EE and that the likelihood for a farm to be both technically and environmentally efficient is relatively low. Only 32% of the farms in the sample have a high level of TE and EE. Drivers such as decoupled direct payments are positively associated with EE and negatively associated with TE, while no significant effect is found for green direct payments.
Gender Differences in Dendritic Damage, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Cognitive Impairment During Aging Processes
Authors: Han Yuan‐Yuan , Li Kang , Hu Jing‐Yu , Wu Ji‐Chao , Li Xiao , Liu De‐Xiang , Li Chu‐Hua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive impairment is a common and feared characteristic of aging processes, and one key mechanism of cognition is hippocampal synaptic structure. Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota dysbiosis occurred in neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disorders with cognitive impairment. However, it is not clear how gender differences affect cognitive impairment in aging processes and whether they affect synaptic structure and gut microbiota. Here, we studied the gender differences in cognitive ability, dendritic morphology, and gut microbiota of adult, middle‐, and old‐aged rats.MethodsThe cognitive ability of rats using was assessed by the Y‐maze SAB test, the light/dark discrimination test, and the MWM test. Dendritic morphology was investegated by Golgi staining. Microbiota composition, diversity and richness were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsThe results showed that the cognitive ability of old‐aged rats was decreased than adult and middle‐aged rats in the spontaneous alternation behavior test, the light/dark discrimination test in Y‐maze, and the MWM test; males have better cognitive ability than the females for middle‐aged rats. The neuronal dendritic structures of CA1, CA3, and DG regions of the hippocampus were damaged to different degrees during aging, and the spine loss of females was more than that of males in CA1 and CA3 of middle‐aged rats. In addition, the microbial diversity of gut microbiota was significantly decreased in old‐aged male rats; the distribution and composition of microbiota communities were different between male and female rats at different ages.ConclusionThese findings revealed that cognitive impairment in aged rats might result from dendritic damage in the hippocampus and gut microbiota dysbiosis, which provides direct evidence that gender differences in dendritic damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis might associate with cognitive impairment in naturally aged rats.