bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Largemouth Bass Virus on Bass Populations in Kansas Impoundments
Authors: Salazar Vanessa , Koch Jeff D. , Neely Ben C. , Steffen Christopher J. , Flores Ernesto , Steffen Susan F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Largemouth Bass virus (LMBV) first became a concern in Kansas when it was identified as a potential cause of decreased catch rates at Crawford State Fishing Lake in 2007. The discovery of LMBV in eight additional impoundments from 2008 to 2017 increased concern about the prevalence and effects of LMBV in Kansas. In response, the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism tested 25 Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides impoundments for the presence of LMBV. The objectives of this study were to quantify the incidence of LMBV and examine differences in population metrics (i.e., body condition, relative abundance, and growth). A total of 1,260 Largemouth Bass were collected by using standard spring electrofishing surveys, and sagittal otoliths were collected from all of the sampled fish to estimate growth rates. Of the 25 study impoundments, 14 tested positive for LMBV. There was no evidence of LMBV effects on body condition, relative abundance of quality-length fish, or growth rates. The initial dates of LMBV infection of Largemouth Bass in these impoundments are unknown. The LMBV-positive populations in Kansas may have been exposed to the virus many years ago, and the fish may be in the process of rebounding from any potential negative effects.
Modulus‐Tailorable, Stretchable, and Biocompatible Carbonene Fiber for Adaptive Neural Electrode
Authors: Gong Qian , Yu Yingying , Kang Lixing , Zhang Mingchao , Zhang Yingying , Wang Shanshan , Niu Yutao , Zhang Yongyi , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen , Zhang Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe extraneural electrodes that cling to the nerve show great advantages in decreasing the damage of nerves, as compared to the intraneural electrodes. The grand challenge for the extraneural electrode is the instability of its electrode–nerve interface during nerve movement. In the proposed research, an adaptive, stretchable, and biocompatible carbonene extraneural electrode, which integrates rigid 2D defective graphene nanosheets on the soft carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber, is designed. The rigid nanosheets and the soft nanotubes are dominated by sp2 nanocarbon, which is defined as carbonene. Benefiting from the soft and robust nature of the CNT fiber, the hybrid carbonene electrodes can be facile‐tailored into various complex shapes with a wide range of modulus (0.5–600 kPa), which plays a significant role in mechanical match of the modulus with that of the nerve. Moreover, the hybrid carbonene fiber exhibits excellent electrical conductivity (3.3 × 105 S m−1) and novel biocompatibility. As a result, the carbonene electrode shows a preferable performance compared to the traditional metal electrode, whose peak‐to‐peak action potential is 310% higher than the commercial Pt electrode. Overall, this work proposes a novel strategy for assembling the facile‐tailorable and biocompatible carbonene electrode, which can open an avenue for designing the next‐generation neural electrode.
Engineering Ir Atomic Configuration for Switching the Pathway of Formic Acid Electrooxidation Reaction
Authors: Shen Tao , Chen Sijing , Zhang Chang , Hu Yezhou , Ma Enhui , Yang Ying , Hu Jingping , Wang Deli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSwitching the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) pathway from CO intermediate to direct CO2 formation is essential for noble‐metal electrocatalysts, but rare investigations on Ir‐based materials. Herein, the atomic configurations of Ir are controlled to enhance the FAOR performance via Ir3V intermetallics (O‐Ir3V). As the ordering degree of O‐Ir3V increases, the Ir ensemble size decreases to trimer and dimer, leading to a 7.3 times promotion in mass normalized activity relative to Ir. Supported by electrochemical in situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy results, it shows that FAOR occurs via linear CO mediated pathway on Ir, but it is totally switched to a direct pathway on highly ordered O‐Ir3V. The preserved ordered structure and V oxides on the surface during the durability test contribute to the enhanced stability. This study provides an idea to switch the FAOR pathway through tuning the Ir atom configuration by constructing ordered intermetallics.
Nanophotonic Materials for Twisted‐Light Manipulation
Authors: Ren Haoran , Maier Stefan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwisted light, an unbounded set of helical spatial modes carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), offers not only fundamental new insights into structured light–matter interactions, but also a new degree of freedom to boost optical and quantum information capacity. However, current OAM experiments still rely on bulky, expensive, and slow‐response diffractive or refractive optical elements, hindering today's OAM systems to be largely deployed. In the last decade, nanophotonics has transformed the photonic design and unveiled a diverse range of compact and multifunctional nanophotonic devices harnessing the generation and detection of OAM modes. Recent metasurface devices developed for OAM generation in both real and momentum space, presenting design principle and exemplary devices, are summarized. Moreover, recent development of whispering‐gallery‐mode‐based passive and tunable microcavities, capable of extracting degenerate OAM modes for on‐chip vortex emission and lasing, is summarized. In addition, the design principle of different plasmonic devices and photodetectors recently developed for on‐chip OAM detection is discussed. Current challenges faced by the nanophotonic field for twisted‐light manipulation and future advances to meet these challenges are further discussed. It is believed that twisted‐light manipulation in nanophotonics will continue to make significant impact on future development of ultracompact, ultrahigh‐capacity, and ultrahigh‐speed OAM systems‐on‐a‐chip.
Visible Light‐Promoted Recyclable Carbon Nitride‐Catalyzed Dioxygenation of β,γ‐Unsaturated Oximes
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Yang , Si Ya‐Feng , Qiao Li‐Peng , Zhao Yu‐Fen , Chen Xiao‐Lan , Yu Bing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced dioxygenation of β,γ‐unsaturated oximes for the synthesis of diverse useful isoxazolines bearing a hydroxyl moiety was developed by employing graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) as a heterogeneous photocatalyst under an air atmosphere. Noted that, the eminent advantages of this metal‐free protocol include step economy, easy operation, a recyclable photocatalyst, external reductant‐/oxidant‐free and mild reaction conditions. Additionally, mechanistic studies indicated hydroxyl radical was generated under the photocatalysis of g‐C3N4.magnified image
Novel C3B/SiC2 Heterobilayer: Electro‐Optical Properties Induced by Different Interlayer Coupling
Authors: Shu Huabing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerforming first‐principles calculations, electronic and optical properties of the C3B/SiC2 heterobilayers with two stacked configurations are explored systematically. They are verified to be energetically and dynamically stable by their binding energies and phonon dispersions. Also, they possess moderate bandgaps and intrinsic type‐II band alignment promoting the effective separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. The quasi‐particle band structure and light absorbance of the C3B/SiC2 can be tuned significantly under different interlayer coupling induced by the stacking modes. They both exhibit strong optical absorbance coefficients (larger than 105 cm–1) in the energy range of near‐infrared to near‐ultraviolet light. More interestingly, the observed binding energies of excitons are as large as ≈800 meV in the C3B/SiC2, which can slow the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, thus increasing the efficiency of solar energy conversion. A power conversion efficiency of ≈18.9% can be achieved in the C3B/SiC2. These results indicate that the C3B/SiC2 heterobilayer has potential applications in the optoelectronic devices.
Alkyl‐Chain Branching of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Flanking Conjugated Side Groups toward Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jianquan , Bai Fujin , Angunawela Indunil , Xu Xiaoyun , Luo Siwei , Li Chao , Chai Gaoda , Yu Han , Chen Yuzhong , Hu Huawei , Ma Zaifei , Ade Harald , Yan He 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSide‐chain modifications of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are essential for harvesting their full potential in organic solar cells (OSC). Here, an effective alkyl‐chain‐branching approach of the Y‐series NFAs flanking meta‐substituted phenyl side groups at the outer positions is demonstrated. Compared to BTP‐4F‐PC6 with linear m‐hexylphenyl chains, two new acceptors named BTP‐4F‐P2EH and BTP‐4F‐P3EH are developed with bulkier alkyl chains branched at the β and γ positions, respectively. These branched chains result in altered molecular packing of the NFAs and afford higher open‐circuit voltage of the devices. Despite the blue‐shifted absorption of the branched‐chain NFAs, their blends with PBDB‐T‐2F enable improved short‐circuit current density for the corresponding devices owing to the more suitable phase separation and better exciton dissociation. Consequently, the OSCs based on BTP‐4F‐P2EH and BTP‐4F‐P3EH yield enhanced device performance of 18.22% and 17.57%, respectively, outperforming the BTP‐4F‐PC6‐based ones (17.22%). These results highlight that the side‐chain branching design of NFAs has great potential in optimizing molecular properties and promoting photovoltaic performance.
Variation in degree of pollen exclusion for ga1‐s unilateral cross incompatibility in temperate maize breeding populations
Authors: Boerman Nicholas A. , Lauter Adrienne N. Moran , Edwards Jode W. , Scott M. Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFertilization and kernel development are crucial for breeding and agronomic production of maize (Zea mays L.), which is prone to outcrossing. Because of this tendency, a major issue for organic corn farmers is to maintain genetic purity of their crop. One way to maintain this purity is to use a unilateral cross incompatibility system such as Ga1‐s. However, lack of complete pollen exclusion has been reported in Ga1‐s heterozygotes, complicating introgression of this trait into breeding germplasm. A systematic, quantitative evaluation of pollen exclusion rates in breeding lines would greatly facilitate use of this system. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate exogenous ga1 pollen exclusion of a diverse set of Ga1‐s/ga1 F1 hybrids representing the stiff stalk and nonstiff stalk heterotic groups, and the Iowa Synthetic Corn Borer population. Differences between genotypes but not heterotic groups were observed when applying exogenous ga1 pollen onto heterozygotes possessing the same Ga1‐s allele, indicating there are epistatic interactions between Ga1‐s and modifier loci in the ga1 parents tested.
Prediction of early (4‐week) mortality in acute myeloid leukemia with intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Kadia Tapan , Begna Kebede , DiNardo Courtney D. , Borthakur Gautam , Short Nicholas J. , Jain Nitin , Daver Naval , Jabbour Elias , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Bravo Guillermo Montalban , Masarova Lucia , Pierce Sherry , Konopleva Marina , Ravandi Farhad , Tefferi Ayalew , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe progress with intensive chemotherapy and supportive care measures has improved survival in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Given the recent development of effective low intensity therapies, an optimal decision on the therapy intensity may improve survival through the avoidance of early mortality. We reviewed the outcome of 3728 patients with newly diagnosed AML who received intensive chemotherapy between August 1980 and May 2020. Intensive chemotherapy was defined as a cumulative cytarabine dose ≥ 700 mg/m2 during induction therapy. We divided the whole cohort into a training and validation group at a 3:1 ratio. The population was divided into a training (2790 patients) and a validation cohort (938 patients). The median age was 55 years (range, 15‐99). Among them, 442 patients (12%) had core‐binding factor AML. Binary logistic regression identified older age, worse performance status, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated creatinine, hyperuricemia, cytogenetic abnormalities other than CBF and ‐Y, and pneumonia as adverse prognostic factors for an early 4‐week mortality. This risk classification for early mortality was verified in the validation cohort of patients. In the validation cohort of more recently treated patients from 2000 to 2017, the 4‐week mortality rates with intensive chemotherapy were 2%, 14%, and 50% in the low‐, high‐, and very high‐risk group, respectively. The mortality rates with low intensity therapies were 3%, 9%, and 20%, respectively. The risk classification guides treatment intensity by the assessment of age, frailty, organ dysfunction, cytogenetic abnormality, and infection to avoid early mortality.
Recent Developments in Hydrodecyanation and Decyanative Functionalization Reactions
Authors: Paul Nilanjan , Patra Tuhin , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNitrile is one of the ubiquitous functional groups in natural products and polymer industry. It is often used as a versatile building block in synthetic chemistry. Classically, nitrile group is used for alpha functionalization, ortho−C−H activation and as a precursor for amine or carbonyl functionalities. With the development of various transition metal catalyzed methods, in the last two decades, nitrile group has emerged as a source of carbon synthons through C−CN bond activation despite of its high bond energy. In this review we have summarized all recent developments involving the carbon synthons arising from the cleavage of C−CN bonds. Depending on the fate of the carbon center after cleavage, all the reactions are classified in two major categories for the ease of discussion: 1) decyanation (removal of the nitrile group) and 2) decyanative functionalization (replacement of the nitrile group). Finally, current limitations in C−CN bond activation strategies and future prospects are discussed.
Photoinitiated anti‐Hydropentafluorosulfanylation of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Birepinte Mélodie , Champagne Pier Alexandre , Paquin Jean‐François 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA photoinitiated anti‐hydropentafluorosulfanylation of terminal alkynes using SF5Cl and (TMS)3SiH as the hydrogen atom donor is reported. This transformation generates selectively (Z)‐(1‐alken‐1‐yl)pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanes (Z:E : >85:15), thus allowing the preparation of this previously unknown geometrical isomer. DFT calculations highlight that the selectivity is due to the intrinsic preference of SF5‐substituted vinylic radicals to adopt a cis geometry, and to increased steric contacts during the transition structures leading to the minor (E)‐products.
Photocatalytic gem‐Difluoroolefination Reactions by a Formal C−C Coupling/Defluorination Reaction with Diazoacetates
Authors: Li Fang , Pei Chao , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe photolysis of diazoalkanes to conduct singlet carbene transfer reactions of colored diazoalkanes has recently attracted significant interest in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe a photocatalytic approach that allows the access of triplet carbene intermediates via energy transfer to conduct highly efficient gem‐difluoroolefination reactions with α‐trifluoromethyl styrenes. The use of a tertiary amines proved pivotal to unlock this unusual reaction pathway and to prevent undesired cyclopropanation pathways. The amine further facilitates the ultimate abstraction of fluoride to yield gem‐difluoroolefins (43 examples, up to 88 % yield), which is supported by experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies. We explored this synthesis method with a broad substrate scope, ranging from simple olefins and heterocyclic olefins towards the decoration of pharmaceutically relevant building blocks.
A Modular Access to 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Disubstituted Cyclobutylboronic Esters by Consecutive Radical Additions
Authors: Michalland Jean , Casaretto Nicolas , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA modular approach to substituted cyclobutylboronic esters is described. It proceeds by successive intermolecular radical additions of xanthates to pinacolato 1‐cyclobutenylboronate and to pinacolato bicyclo[1.1.0]but‐1‐ylboronate. Success hinges on tuning the stability of the α‐boryl radical by exploiting the stabilizing influence of the trivalent boronic ester and the slightly destabilizing cyclobutane, which increases the σ‐character of the radical. Reductive removal of the xanthate group finally provides a range of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐disubstituted cyclobutylboronic esters. The contrast with cyclopropylboronic esters is striking, since the strong destabilization by the highly strained cyclopropane ring allows the first radical addition to take place but not the second. Furthermore, the first adducts are geminal xanthyl boronic esters that can be converted into cyclobutanones. This chemistry furnishes cyclobutylboronic esters that would be quite difficult to obtain otherwise and thus complements existing methods.
Electroactive phase enhancement in poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene)/polycarbonate blends by hybrid nanofillers
Authors: Torabi Atefeh , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Yu Liyun , Skov Anne Ladegaard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectroactive β phase content of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PHP) was enhanced by blending approach with polycarbonate (PC) combined with application of barium titanate–multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (BT–MWCNT) hybrid nanofillers to boost the dielectric performance of PHP. The samples were melt‐blended at 90/10 and 70/30 wt% (PHP/PC) in the presence of BT and/or MWCNT. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) results indicated compatibilization of the structure by adding BT or MWCNT; however, the best refinement in morphology was obtained in (90/10)/1.5/1.5 (PHP/PC)/BT/MWCNT nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs illustrated the selective localization of BT at PHP and MWCNT at PC while some of both nanofillers were found at the interphase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis results depicted the increase in β/α ratio of the nanocomposites with a synergistic effect in (90/10)/1.5/1.5 nanocomposite, attributed to the combined utilization of BT and MWCNT and their selective localization in the PHP/PC immiscible blends. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis substantiated the nucleating effects of BT and MWCNT and consistency with SEM and TEM observations in nanofillers selective localization. The findings of this work suggest that simultaneous introduction of ceramic and conductive nanofillers with their selective localization in PHP/PC blends is efficacious in improving electroactive phase of composites at low filler content.
Oxidative stability of biodiesel: recent insights
Authors: Longanesi Luca , Pereira André P. , Johnston Nigel , Chuck Christopher J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiodiesel, the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of vegetable and animal oil, is now used extensively worldwide, with blends of up to 7% common. The blending level is still somewhat limited due to a perceived susceptibility of these fuels to oxidation. Oxidation follows a number of pathways, with the primary mechanism being auto‐oxidation, a radical process that results in the production of a range of oxygenated components. These eventually increase the viscosity of the fuel and form deposits detrimental to operation. Further fuel properties are also heavily reliant on the level of oxidation. As such, one of the main challenges in the use of biodiesel is its long‐term instability when stored. Typically synthetic anti‐oxidants have been used to address this issue; however, these systems can also add to the formation of deposits, as well as hazardous emissions, on combustion. Recently, research has focused on novel antioxidant development mainly from plant extracts, although there are a number of other routes for improved performance, including the commercialization of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO), a prominent alternative to FAME‐based biodiesel due to its higher stability, straight chain paraffin composition, and better cold flow properties. In this review, the factors that promote this oxidation are presented, including molecular composition, metal contamination, temperature and light exposure, as well as the latest findings on the inclusion of HVO, the current state‐of‐the‐art analytical techniques employed, and the impact of higher pressure injection systems on vehicles that demonstrate deposit formation is not solely due to the unsaturated biodiesel components. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Contextual analysis of the biofuel sector in Ethiopia: a comprehensive review focusing on sustainability
Authors: Yimam Abubeker 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study presents a contextual analysis of the sustainable development of the biofuel sector in Ethiopia. Biofuel development is one of the foremost priorities in the growth and transformation plan adopted by the country. The aim is to focus on the production of bioethanol and biodiesel from crops, including, but not limited to, sugar cane, jatropha, castor, and palm. Ethanol production is currently linked with the government sugar estates and biodiesel production strategy is initially targeted to be focused on private investment. Ethiopia has been producing bioethanol from molasses, a sugar by‐product, for more than 30 years. Despite the ambitious government strategy in place, the development of biofuel in Ethiopia remains limited. Hence, the current review presents the policies and strategies that have a direct or indirect influence on factors related to biofuel development in Ethiopia. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of biofuel development in the country is presented. Important factors, including feedstock production, market deployment, social acceptance, and policies, were taken into consideration in this analysis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Morphological landscapes from high content imaging reveal cytokine priming strategies that enhance mesenchymal stromal cell immunosuppression
Authors: Andrews Seth H. , Klinker Matthew W. , Bauer Steven R. , Marklein Ross A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSuccessful clinical translation of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) products has not been achieved in the United States and may be in large part due to MSC functional heterogeneity. Efforts have been made to identify “priming” conditions that produce MSCs with consistent immunomodulatory function; however, challenges remain with predicting and understanding how priming impacts MSC behavior. The purpose of this study was to develop a high throughput, image‐based approach to assess MSC morphology in response to combinatorial priming treatments and establish morphological profiling as an effective approach to screen the effect of manufacturing changes (i.e., priming) on MSC immunomodulation. We characterized the morphological response of multiple MSC lines/passages to an array of Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐⍺ (TNF‐⍺) priming conditions, as well as the effects of priming on MSC modulation of activated T cells and MSC secretome. Although considerable functional heterogeneity, in terms of T‐cell suppression, was observed between different MSC lines and at different passages, this heterogeneity was significantly reduced with combined IFN‐γ/TNF‐⍺ priming. The magnitude of this change correlated strongly with multiple morphological features and was also reflected by MSC secretion of immunomodulatory factors, for example, PGE2, ICAM‐1, and CXCL16. Overall, this study further demonstrates the ability of priming to enhance MSC function, as well as the ability of morphology to better understand MSC heterogeneity and predict changes in function due to manufacturing.