bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sporadic outbreaks of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in Uganda, July 2018-January 2019
Authors: Mirembe Bernadette Basuta , Musewa Angella , Kadobera Daniel , Kisaakye Esther , Birungi Doreen , Eurien Daniel , Nyakarahuka Luke , Balinandi Stephen , Tumusiime Alex , Kyondo Jackson , Mulei Sophia Mbula , Baluku Jimmy , Kwesiga Benon , Kabwama Steven Ndugwa , Zhu Bao-Ping , Harris Julie R. , Lutwama Julius Julian , Ario Alex Riolexus 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne, zoonotic viral disease that causes haemorrhagic symptoms. Despite having eight confirmed outbreaks between 2013 and 2017, all within Uganda’s ‘cattle corridor’, no targeted tick control programs exist in Uganda to prevent disease. During a seven-month-period from July 2018-January 2019, the Ministry of Health confirmed multiple independent CCHF outbreaks. We investigated to identify risk factors and recommend interventions to prevent future outbreaks.MethodsWe defined a confirmed case as sudden onset of fever (≥37.5°C) with ≥4 of the following signs and symptoms: anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, abdominal pain, joint pain, or sudden unexplained bleeding in a resident of the affected districts who tested positive for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFv) by RT-PCR from 1 July 2018–30 January 2019. We reviewed medical records and performed active case-finding. We conducted a case-control study and compared exposures of case-patients with age-, sex-, and sub-county-matched control-persons (1:4).ResultsWe identified 14 confirmed cases (64% males) with five deaths (case-fatality rate: 36%) from 11 districts in western and central region. Of these, eight (73%) case-patients resided in Uganda’s ‘cattle corridor’. One outbreak involved two case-patients and the remainder involved one. All case-patients had fever and 93% had unexplained bleeding. Case-patients were aged 6–36 years, with persons aged 20–44 years more affected (AR: 7.2/1,000,000) than persons ≤19 years (2.0/1,000,000), p = 0.015. Most (93%) case-patients had contact with livestock ≤2 weeks before symptom onset. Twelve (86%) lived <1 km from grazing fields compared with 27 (48%) controls (ORM-H= 18, 95% CI = 3.2-∞) and 10 (71%) of 14 case-patients found ticks attached to their bodies ≤2 weeks before symptom onset, compared to 15 (27%) of 56 control-persons (ORM-H= 9.3, 95%CI = 1.9–46).ConclusionsCCHF outbreaks occurred sporadically during 2018–2019, both within and outside ‘cattle corridor’ districts of Uganda. Most cases were associated with tick exposure. The Ministry of Health should partner with the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries to develop joint nationwide tick control programs and strategies with shared responsibilities through a One Health approach.
Control of cystic echinococcosis in the Middle Atlas, Morocco: Field evaluation of the EG95 vaccine in sheep and cesticide treatment in dogs
Authors: Amarir Fatimaezzahra , Rhalem Abdelkbir , Sadak Abderrahim , Raes Marianne , Oukessou Mohamed , Saadi Aouatif , Bouslikhane Mohammed , Gauci Charles G. , Lightowlers Marshall W. , Kirschvink Nathalie , Marcotty Tanguy 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundCystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in Morocco and other North African countries.Methodology/Principal findingsWe investigated the potential of three strategies to reduceEchinococcus granulosustransmission: (1) 4-monthly treatment of dogs with praziquantel, (2) vaccination of sheep with the EG95 vaccine and (3) a combination of both measures. These measures were implemented during four consecutive years in different areas of the Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco. The outcome of the interventions was assessed through hydatid cyst (viable and non-viable) counts in liver and lungs using necropsy orin vivoultrasound examination of the liver. A total of 402 lambs were recruited for annual vaccination with the EG95 anti-E.granulosusvaccine and 395 similar lambs were selected as non-vaccinated controls.At approximately four years of age the relative risk (estimated as odds ratio) for vaccinated sheep to have viable hydatid cysts compared with non-vaccinated controls was 3% (9.37% of the vaccinated sheep were found infected while 72.82% of the controls were infected; p = 0.002). The number of viable cysts in vaccinated animals was reduced by approximately 97% (mean counts were 0.28 and 9.18 respectively; p<0.001). An average of 595 owned dogs received 4-monthly treatment during the 44 months trial, corresponding to 91% of the owned dog population. Approximately, 5% of them were examined forE.granulosusadult worms by arecoline purge or eggs in feces (confirmed by PCR). The proportion of infected dogs significantly decreased after treatment (12% versus 35%; p<0.001). Post-treatment incidence of re-infestation corresponded to a monthly risk of 4% (95% CI: 3–6%). Treatment of owned dogs on a 4-monthly basis did not reduce the level of transmission ofE.granulosusto sheep, nor did it enhance the level of control generated by vaccination of sheep with EG95, possibly because of unowned dogs and wild canids were not treated.Conclusions/SignificanceThese data suggest that vaccination of sheep with EG95 has the potential to reduce the level of CE in Morocco and in other parts of the world with similar transmission dynamics. Under the epidemiological circumstances existing in the trial area, 4-monthly treatment of owned dogs with praziquantel was insufficient to have a major impact ofE.granulosustransmission to sheep.
Survival, CD4 T lymphocyte count recovery and immune reconstitution pattern during the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection in Mongolia
Authors: Bayarsaikhan Solongo , Jagdagsuren Davaalkham , Gunchin Batbaatar , Sandag Tsogtsaikhan 
Published: March 2021

Mongolia has a low incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with 281 cases reported at the end of 2019 and an estimated incidence rate of <0.01 cases per 1000 population.
However, no study has analyzed the association between antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes and pretreatment characteristics of patients with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Mongolia. This retrospective study aimed to determine the survival, CD4 T cell recovery, and immune reconstitution pattern during ART in HIV patients and to determine baseline patient characteristics associated with ART outcomes. Based on three different World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, we analyzed the 3-year observation data of 166 patients with HIV/AIDS who received treatment between 2010 and 2017. An increase of >50 cells/μL indicated CD4 T cell count recovery, and a cell count of ≥500 cells/μL in patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL indicated immune reconstitution. In this study, the 3- and 1-year mortality rates were 5.4% (survival rate: 94.6%) and 3.6%, respectively. A total of 83% of deaths that occurred in the observation time occurred within the first 3 months. The CD4 T cell count recovery rates at 3, 12, and 36 months were 62.7%, 80.7%, and 89.2%, respectively. The CD4 T cell count increased to >500 cells/μL in 95 of 145 (65.5%) patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL after 36 months of ART. The baseline CD4 T cell count was found to be a sensitive indicator for immune reconstitution. An advanced pretreatment clinical stage of HIV infection (as classified by the WHO classification), a low CD4 T cell count in the peripheral blood, and a high viral load before the initiation of the first-line ART accurately predicted survival, CD4 T cell count recovery, and immune reconstitution in Mongolian patients with HIV/AIDS.
Management Control in Cameroon Municipal Areas: A Response to the Urgent Issue of Risk Management
Authors: LEA Isaac , MAYEGLE François-Xavier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Generally, Cameroon municipalies encounter organisaonal risks. This research has idened a
typology of such risks and presents management control as a cursor of enlightenment and
governance in controlled risk. This objecve is achieved aer using a quantave method through a
hypotheco-deducve approach aimed at tesng three hypotheses; the study was conducted using a
quesonnaire administered in 9 out of 10 regions in Cameroon. At the end, this study highlights that
management control in Cameroon municipal areas is void of proacve tools, and uses only tradional
tools. It also highlights that ways of implemenng management control in Cameroon municipalies
are not conducive to reduce risks.
Key words: control management, organisaonal risks, municipality.
Global Studies and Education in Developing Countries: Road-mapping Interdisciplinarity for Sustainable Development
Authors: Amodu Akeem 
Published: March 2021

The education landscape in the 21st Century is witnessing global paradigm shifts. Emergent pedagogic practices are redefining hitherto compartmentalized systems of teaching and learning. With the advances in technology and the attendant expansions of the frontiers of knowledge - through the processes of digitalization and globalization -, the hitherto intellectual boundaries between disciplines are increasingly becoming blurred and of little or no relevance to contemporary scholarship. Emergent 21st century scholarship in the developed countries is characterized by a continued break down of intellectual barriers or walls between academic disciplines. A critical look at the courses being offered by academic institutions in the developed countries reflect interdisciplinarity: Global Studies; History and Philosophy of Sustainable Development (HPSD); and, History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) among others. A similar look at the curricular of most departments of higher institutions in developing countries however reveals holding on to traditional departmentalizations that characterized scholarship prior the commencement of the 21st century. With particular reference to the discipline Global Studies, we shall in this paper analytically discuss the emergent phenomenon of interdisciplinary scholarship as a means of road-mapping and repositioning academic departments and disciplines for sustainable development in developing countries. The paper argumentatively recommends frameworks for reforming the largely monodisciplinary education service delivery system in developing countries. In particular, the paper analytically asserts that interdisciplinarity has the potentials of engendering imperative solutions to the myriad of developmental challenges confronting developing nations across the globe.
The medical mind of Ibn Kholdoun in Al Mogademah (The Prefacet)
Authors: Adwan Mezyed 
Published: March 2021

The title of this research paper is “Ibn Khaldoun’s Medical Mind. This paper discusses two general concepts related to medicine , the concept of delivery and medicine in general.
Ibn Kaldoun discusses the nature of science as viewed by Ibn Khaldoun, the anatomy and physiology of digestive system and its accessories , the liver,ducts m secreation, diagestive gland as well as food digestion and absorption, delivery process and some issues related to the delivery and dilevery process as well as the role of the Midwife. Ibn Khaldoun defined the "Medicine"and medical profession and delivery . He also discussed some other concepts as disease, and the causes of illness. Ibn Khaldoun stressed the importance of exercise, diet and environmental factors on healthy living.Ibn Khaldoun functioned these factors in treatment of diseases.
The Central Manager of the Arsinoite Notariate in the Late Second Century
Authors: Claytor W. Graham 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Publication of a donkey sale from the University of Michigan excavations of Soknopaiou Nesos, which was drawn up through a little-attested notarial official with authority over both metropolite and village grapheia. The document helps clarify the process of notarial centralization in the Arsinoite nome of the late second century CE.
The Sahidic Tripartite Isaiah: Origins and Transmission within the Coptic Manuscript Culture
Authors: Suciu Alin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study shows that the book of Isaiah was sometimes divided by Coptic scribes into three parts, each of them being copied individually into a separate manuscript. By surveying the available evidence, the author argues that this practice originated in the 4th century CE and was in use until the 8th century CE. The origins and eventual disappearance of tripartite Isaiah must be connected with the transformations that affected Coptic codices and scribal traditions from late antiquity to the medieval period.
Enhanced Infrared Heating of Thermoplastic Composite Sheets for Thermoforming Processes
Authors: Längauer M. , Zitzenbacher G. , Burgstaller C. , Hochenauer C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thermoforming of thermoplastic composites attracts increasing attention in the community due to the mechanical performance of these materials and their recyclability. Yet there are still difficulties concerning the uniformity of the heating and overheating of parts prior to forming. The need for higher energy efficiencies opens new opportunities for research in this field. This is why this study presents a novel experimental method to classify the efficiency of infrared heaters in combination with different thermoplastic composite materials. In order to evaluate this, different organic sheets are heated in a laboratory scale heating station until a steady state condition is reached. This station mimics the heating stage of an industrial composite thermoforming device and allows sheets to slide on top of the pre-heated radiator at a known distance. By applying thermodynamic balances, the efficiency of chosen parameters and setups is tested. The tests show that long heating times are required and the efficiency of the heating is low. Furthermore, the efficiency is strongly dependent on the distance of the heater to the sheet, the heater temperature and also the number of heating elements. Yet, using a full reflector system proves to have a huge effect and the heating time can be decreased by almost 50%.
Kearifan Lokal Dalam Tradisi Gebyag Cah Angon
Authors: Wardhani Novia Wahyu , Ihsan Maulana 
Published: March 2021

Setiap tradisi memiliki nilai-nilai kearifan local begitu juga dalam tradisi Gebyag Cah Angon. Tradisi ini ada sebagai ungkapan rasa syukur manusia kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rezeki. Ungkapan ini tentu berbeda antara daerah satu dengan daerah yang lain. Seperti tradisi ngalap berkah, larung laut, gugur gunung, dan lain-lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kearifan local dalam tradisi Gebyak Cah Angon. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Cara memperoleh data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Observasi dilakukan di Desa Entak Kecamatan Ambal Kabupaten Kebumen pada bulan November 2019. Wawancara dengan informan tetua desa, pemerintah desa, dan masyarakat. Dokumentasi diperoleh dari dokumen desa. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan perpanjangan pengamatan dan triangulasi sumber.Â Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif meliputi proses pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tradisi Gebyag Cah Angon memiliki nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang harus dilestarikan yaitu nilai religius, peduli, dan gotong royong.
Growth hormone treatment for short stature associated with duplication of the NSD1 Sotos syndrome gene
Authors: Bernhardt Isaac T , Gunn Alistair J , Carter Philippa J 
Published: March 2021

Summary
NSD1 deletions are associated with the Sotos syndrome, a syndrome of overgrowth in childhood without evidence of endocrine disturbance. Duplications involving the NSD1 gene have been reported to be associated with a ‘reverse Sotos syndrome’ phenotype, characterised by short stature, microcephaly, dysmorphic features and developmental delay. A 2-year-old girl with short stature, dysmorphic features and developmental delay was found to have duplication of 5q32.2–5q32.3, which includes the NSD1 gene. Growth hormone stimulation testing was normal. Growth hormone therapy was initiated at 5 years of age due to severe short stature and growth failure, with height 3.35 standard deviations (SDS) below the median. Growth velocity increased markedly, by +4.91 SDS in the first year of treatment. At the time of last follow-up at 9 years and 11 months, she had achieved a height within 1 SDS of the median. This is the first report of growth hormone therapy for the short stature associated with duplication of the NSD1 gene, showing that despite normal pituitary function, exogenous growth hormone can dramatically improve linear growth.

Learning points:

Sotos syndrome is a disorder of childhood overgrowth caused by NSD1 deletions.

Duplications involving NSD1 cause a ‘reverse Sotos syndrome’ phenotype characterised by short stature and microcephaly.

The contrasting phenotypes of NSD1 deletions and duplications suggest a dose effect.

Stimulated growth hormone secretion is normal in children with NSD1 deletions and duplications.

Growth hormone therapy can be very effective in children with NSD1 duplications, comparable to the response seen in severe growth hormone deficiency.
Attitudes Towards Suicide among People with Eating Disorders
Authors: Toleikytė Uršulė 
Published: March 2021

Clients of social workers have elevated suicide risks. One of those types of clients are people with eating disorders. Suicidality is associated with attitudes towards suicide. Although the suicidality of people with eating disorders is well-studied, their attitudes towards suicide have received less attention. The object of this research is to study the attitudes among people with eating disorders – 126 participants took place in this research: 63 people with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, other eating disorders) and 63 people without eating disorders. All the participants with eating disorders at the time of the research were receiving treatment at the Center for Eating Disorders (VšĮ Vilnius Mental Health center). The majority of participants were women (92%), with an average age of 25 years. All the respondents filled in an Attitudes towards suicide questionnaire (ATTS) and its supplement. The results showed that participants with eating disorders perceived suicide as less predictable and associated it with loneliness more than participants without eating disorders. Attitudes of people with anorexia nervosa and with bulimia nervosa towards suicide did not differ significantly. Participants with anorexia nervosa perceived suicide as less predictable, showed more nonintrusive attitudes towards suicide and associated it with loneliness more than participants without eating disorders. Attitudes towards suicide among people with bulimia nervosa and people without eating disorders did not differ significantly. The results could be explained by considering the characteristics of people with eating disorders and the methodology of this research. Recommendations for social work practice were formed based on the findings.
Effect of Planting Density and Integrated Nutrient Management in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Sangma Dambera M. , Longkumer L.T. , Singh A.P. , Solo Virosanuo 
Published: March 2021

Background: Sesamum indicum L. is a tropical and subtropical plant cultivated for seed purpose, which yields about 50% high quality edible oil with 65% of the seeds being used for oil extraction and 35% for consumption purpose. The seeds have outstanding amounts of oil and consists of extensive root system that makes it very tolerant of drought. Methods: A field experiment entitled “Effect of planting density and Integrated Nutrient Management in sesame” was carried out at the Agronomy Research Farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus, during Kharif season of 2017-18. Nine treatment combinations consisting of three level of planting density i.e., T1- (20cm x 10cm), T2 (30cm x 10cm) and T3 (40cm x 10cm) along with three levels of nutrient management practices i.e., N1 (100% RDF), N2 (75% RDF + 25% FYM) and N3 (75% RDF + 25% poultry manure) were tried in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Conclusion: Among the different planting density and nutrient management practices, combined effect of 20cm x 10cm planting density with 75% RDF + 25% FYM nutrient recorded highest growth attributes viz., plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and yield attributes viz., number of capsules plant-1, seed yield (kg ha-1) and stover yield (kg ha-1). However, the highest net return (₹16687.66) and B:C ratio (1.13) was obtained from the treatment combination of 40cm x 10cm planting density along with combination of 75% RDF + 25% poultry manure. Hence, the combined application of manures with inorganic source of nutrients with reduced planting density recorded higher growth and yield attributes thereby resulting higher economic return than the application of RDF alone.
DIGITAL LITERACY: ONLINE CLASS MANAGERIAL FOR EDUCATORS
Authors: Stefany Stella , Purbojo Rijanto , Adeline Clarissa 
Published: March 2021

<p><em>The COVID-19 pandemic emerging in early 2020 has significantly impacted various sectors, including education. The policy of home-based learning (defined as online learning), that is implemented by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture becomes a challenge for students, teachers, and educational institutions. Online-based learning is still an unfamiliar concept to the world of education in Indonesia. Lack of preparation and planning during the switch to online-based learning leads to bad learning experiences for both students and teachers alike. This event was aimed towards Indonesian educators to discuss essential elements regarding digital literacy competence, namely basic principles of distinguishing face-to-face classes and online classes, deciding on a format, design, and interaction in online classrooms, as well as the cycle of teaching and learning. As many as 454 participants from the five major islands in Indonesia virtually attended this event on May 13th, 2020. This event utilizes the ADDIE training developmental model elaborated in five stages: 1) Analyze, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. </em></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT (INDONESIAN):</strong> Pandemi COVID-19 yang muncul di awal tahun 2020 memberi dampak signifikan dalam berbagai sektor, termasuk Pendidikan. Kebijakan home-based-learning atau pembelajaran jarak jauh yang ditetapkan oleh Kementrian pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia menjadi sebuah tantangan bagi peserta didik, tenaga pendidik dan institusi pendidikan. Pembelajaran berbasis daring masih asing bagi dunia pendidikan di Indonesia. Kurangnya persiapan dan perencanaan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar daring berakibat pada pengalaman belajar-mengajar yang buruk bagi peserta didik maupun tenaga pendidik. Kegiatan ini ditujukan bagi tenaga pendidik di Indonesia untuk membahas beberapa elemen penting dalam kompetensi literasi digital seperti prinsip dasar yang membedakan kelas tatap muka dengan kelas daring, menentukan format, desain dan interaksi kelas daring, serta siklus belajar mengajar berbasis daring. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 454 partisipan yang tersebar pada lima pulau terbesar di Indonesia berlangsung secara virtual pada tanggal 13 Mei 2020. Kegiatan ini menggunakan model pengembangan training ADDIE dengan 5 tahapan sebagai berikut: 1) <em>Analyze</em>, (2) <em>Design</em>, (3) <em>Development</em>, (4) <em>Implementation</em> dan (5) <em>Evaluation</em>.</p>