bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for the recurrence of afebrile seizures after benign convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis
Authors: Wang Duan , Jiang Yu , Hong Siqi , Ma Jiannan , Liao Shuang , Cheng Min , Li Tingsong , Jiang Li 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe overall prognosis of benign convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) is favorable, and the incidence of afebrile seizure recurrence with or without gastroenteritis (ASwGI and ASwoGI, respectively) is low. In this study we investigated the prognostic factors associated with afebrile seizure (AS) relapse after the first CwG episode.MethodsA hospital‐based cohort with an initial CwG episode from January 2012 to October 2019 was followed for at least 19 months. The relapse types were divided into ASwGI and ASwoGI. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent prognostic factors for the recurrence of AS after the initial CwG episode. Furthermore, the clinical characteristics between ASwGI and ASwoGI were compared.ResultsAmong the 868 patients enrolled, 67 (7.7%) experienced a second AS and 71% (48/67) showed gastroenteritis‐associated recurrence. Except for five patients with subsequent epilepsy (0.6%), only eight (0.9%) experienced three seizure episodes. The independent predictive factors for the subsequent recurrence of AS were age less than 18 months at onset (odds ratio [OR]: 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53–5.63), repeated seizures over 24 h (OR: 4.09, 95% CI: 2.19–7.65), and absence of fever (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.26–4.33) during the first CwG episode. The probability of recurrence of AS for those with one, two, and three predictive factors was 3.23%, 13.35%, and 22.85%, respectively. In addition, the age at onset was significantly lower in the ASwoGI group than in the ASwGI group during the first episode (p < .05).SignificanceThe risk of AS relapse after the initial CwG episode is low, and the majority of patients presented with gastroenteritis. The risk can be predicted by age at onset, repeated seizures over 24 h, and absence of fever during the first CwG episode.
First records of Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and Ceroplastes japonicus (Gray) in Switzerland identified by DNA barcoding
Authors: Sutter Louis , Dekumbis Virginie , Ançay André , Mattei Giorgia , Frey Beatrice , Frey Juerg E. , Blaser Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWax soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) include many important pest species of agricultural and ornamental plants which spread along international trading networks of plants and plant material. Here we report the first findings of the wax scales Ceroplastes japonicus and Ceroplastes ceriferus for Switzerland. The two new findings of Ceroplastes were collected on Laurus nobilis and Vaccinium myrtillus, respectively, and identified by DNA barcoding.
Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis: the unmissable modulators of skin inflammatory response
Authors: Dagnelie Marie‐Ange , Corvec Stephane , Timon‐David Elise , Khammari Amir , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcne is a multifactorial inflammatory dermatose that affects all age categories from teenagers to adults, resulting in important psychological impacts. Multiple hypotheses currently attempt to decrypt the physiopathology of this disease, and four main actors were identified as highly implicated in it: hyperkeratinization of the pilosebaceous follicle, hyperseborrheae, host factors (innate immunity) and skin microbiota. In this letter, we present results illustrating the impact of skin microbiota on inflammatory skin response, and how far the proper balance between each bacterial community, especially C. acnes and S. epidermidis, is crucial to maintain an appropriate inflammatory response on the skin. The data presented in this study demonstrate that within the skin microbiota, an imbalance between Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, is able to induce the activation of inflammation‐related markers such as IL‐1ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, G‐CSF and the molecules C5/C5a, soluble CD14 MIP‐3beta, Serpin E1, VCAM‐1 and beta‐defensin‐2. Moreover, S. epidermidis appears to have a more important role than C. acnes on the induction of inflammation‐related markers, particularly on IL‐6. This work is the basis of future in vitro studies to further understand acne physiopathology, inspiring the development of future innovative therapies based on skin microbiota modulation.
An improved fatigue life model for mechanical components considering load strengthening characteristics
Authors: Liu Jiazhi , Liu Xintian , Zhang Minghui , Wang Shuci 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe small load has fuzziness on the strengthening and damage of the component under the action of random fatigue load. This paper introduces the two‐dimensional membership function in fuzzy mathematics to characterize the relationship between stress amplitude, mean value, and damage below the fatigue limit. An exponential function is used to describe the strengthening effect. Under the two‐dimensional load spectrum, the influence of various levels on the component's life is comprehensively considered, and the fatigue life prediction model under random load is proposed. Through the small sample experiment of the car swing support rod, the relevant parameters of the model are obtained. The difference between the modified two‐dimensional and the two‐dimensional load spectrum is compared in fatigue life prediction results. The rules of membership function selection and parameter setting are summarized, and it makes the estimation of component load spectrum life more reasonable.
Deformation and fracture behavior of strong–weak coupling structure and its application in coal roadway instability prevention
Authors: Zheng Yangfeng , Zhai Cheng , Zhang Jianguo , Yu Xu , Xu Jizhao , Sun Yong , Cong Yuzhou , Tang Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe theoretical work, experiments, and practical application in the field are carried out to investigate the performance of strong–weak coupling structure. Results indicate that the deformation in the weak zone is greater than that in the strong zone before the peak stress. Moreover, the weak zone is crushed while the strong zone remains intact after the peak stress. Hence, the coupling structure could protect the strong zone from damage. Furthermore, the strong–weak coupling structure can effectively transfer the peak stress to the further area from coal roadway and improve the ability of the coal roadway surrounding rock to resist deformation. Finally, in the field tests, the strong–weak structure can significantly improve the stability of coal roadway. It shows that the average subsidence of the roadway roof and the accumulated deformation on the sides of the coal roadway in the strong–weak coupling zone were 55.21% and 61.42% lesser than those in the weak zone, respectively.
From fruitless to sex: On the generation and diversification of an innate behavior
Authors: Peng Qionglin , Chen Jie , Pan Yufeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMale sexual behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, largely controlled by the fruitless (fru) gene encoding the male specific FruM protein, is among the best studied animal behaviors. Although substantial studies suggest that FruM specifies a neuronal circuitry governing all aspects of male sexual behaviors, recent findings show that FruM is not absolutely necessary for such behaviors. We propose that another regulatory gene doublesex encoding the male‐specific DsxM protein builds a core neuronal circuitry that possesses the potential for courtship, which could be either induced through adult social experience or innately manifested during development by FruM expression in a broader neuronal circuitry. FruM expression levels and patterns determine the modes of courtship behavior from innate heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, to learned courtship. We discuss how FruM expression is regulated by hormones and social experiences and tunes functional flexibility of the sex circuitry. We propose that regulatory genes hierarchically build the potential for innate and learned aspects of courtship behaviors, and expression changes of these regulatory genes among different individuals and species with different social experiences ultimately lead to behavioral diversification.
Modelling temperature‐driven changes in species associations across freshwater communities
Authors: Perrin Sam Wenaas , van der Veen Bert , Golding Nick , Finstad Anders Gravbrøt 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to global climate change–induced shifts in species distributions, estimating changes in community composition through the use of Species Distribution Models has become a key management tool. Being able to determine how species associations change along environmental gradients is likely to be pivotal in exploring the magnitude of future changes in species’ distributions. This is particularly important in connectivity‐limited ecosystems, such as freshwater ecosystems, where increased human translocation is creating species associations over previously unseen environmental gradients. Here, we use a large‐scale presence–absence dataset of freshwater fish from lakes across the Fennoscandian region in a Joint Species Distribution Model, to measure the effect of temperature on species associations. We identified a trend of negative associations between species tolerant of cold waters and those tolerant of warmer waters, as well as positive associations between several more warm‐tolerant species, with these associations often shifting depending on local temperatures. Our results confirm that freshwater ecosystems can expect to see a large‐scale shift towards communities dominated by more warm‐tolerant species. While there remains much work to be done to predict exactly where and when local extinctions may take place, the model implemented provides a starting‐point for the exploration of climate‐driven community trends. This approach is especially informative in regards to determining which species associations are most central in shaping future community composition, and which areas are most vulnerable to local extinctions.
Pesticides alter ecosystem respiration via phytoplankton abundance and community structure: Effects on the carbon cycle?
Authors: Rumschlag Samantha L. , Casamatta Dale A. , Mahon Michael B. , Hoverman Jason T. , Raffel Thomas R. , Carrick Hunter J. , Hudson Peter J. , Rohr Jason R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFreshwater systems are critical to life on earth, yet they are threatened by the increasing rate of synthetic chemical pollution. Current predictions of the effects of synthetic chemicals on freshwater ecosystems are hampered by the sheer number of chemical contaminants entering aquatic systems, the diversity of organisms inhabiting these systems, the myriad possible direct and indirect effects resulting from these combinations, and uncertainties concerning how contaminants might alter ecosystem metabolism via changes in biodiversity. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a mesocosm experiment that elucidated the responses of ponds composed of phytoplankton and zooplankton to standardized concentrations of 12 pesticides, nested within four pesticide classes, and two pesticide types. We show that the effects of the pesticides on algae were consistent within herbicides and insecticides and that responses of over 70 phytoplankton species and genera were consistent within broad taxonomic groups. Insecticides generated top‐down effects on phytoplankton community composition and abundance, which were associated with persistent increases in ecosystem respiration. Insecticides had direct toxic effects on cladocerans, which led to competitive release of copepods. These changes in the zooplankton community led to a decrease in green algae and a modest increase in diatoms. Herbicides did not change phytoplankton composition but reduced total phytoplankton abundance. This reduction in phytoplankton led to short‐term decreases in ecosystem respiration. Given that ponds release atmospheric carbon and that worldwide pesticide pollution continues to increase exponentially, scientists and policy makers should pay more attention to the ways pesticides alter the carbon cycle in ponds via changes in communities, as demonstrated by our results. Our results show that these predictions can be simplified by grouping pesticides into types and species into functional groups. Adopting this approach provides an opportunity to improve the efficiency of risk assessment and mitigation responses to global change.
Potential impact of botanically diverse pasture on the nutritional, physiological, and immunological status of grazing cows
Authors: Nakajima Noriaki , Doi Kazuya , Tamiya Sae , Yayota Masato 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to reveal the potential impact of botanically diverse pasture on the nutritional, physiological, and immunological status of grazing cattle using multifaceted indices. Ten Japanese black beef cows (325.5 ± 40.6 kg of body weight [BW], 7.9 ± 3.8 years of age) were used in this experiment. Five of them grazed on a 1.8‐ha grassland (botanically diverse pasture: DP) that was composed of sown grassland and grazable forestland (approximately 34 plant species). The other five cows grazed on 1.0 ha of sown grassland with only a few plant species (botanically monotonous pasture: MP, approximately 5 plant species) for 2 months. Blood samples were collected approximately every 2 weeks. In DP cows, the hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, hematocrit (HCT) ratio, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased linearly after the start of grazing, as did plasma sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) concentrations. Urea nitrogen (UN) levels were higher in DP than in MP cows throughout the grazing period, whereas in MP cows, the red blood cell (RBC) count, HGB concentration, and HCT ratio decreased quadratically after the start of grazing. The DP cows gained more BW than the MP cows throughout the grazing period. Thus, the increased intake and/or the change in the ingested plant species in DP cows might have promoted the increase in the plasma UN concentration. In summary, the present study showed that grazing in botanically diverse pasture improved the nutritional and physiological status of cows; however, it aggravated the imbalance of protein and energy intake induced by grazing within 2 months.
Preventive migraine treatment with eptinezumab reduced acute headache medication and headache frequency to below diagnostic thresholds in patients with chronic migraine and medication‐overuse headache
Authors: Marmura Michael J. , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Cowan Robert P. , Tepper Stewart J. , Diamond Merle L. , Starling Amaal J. , Hirman Joe , Mehta Lahar , Brevig Thomas , Cady Roger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis post hoc analysis in patients medically diagnosed with chronic migraine (CM) and medication‐overuse headache (MOH) evaluated reductions in the use of acute headache medication (AHM) and sustained changes in the diagnostic status of CM and MOH following eptinezumab treatment in the PROMISE‐2 study.BackgroundEptinezumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits calcitonin gene‐related peptide, is approved in the United States for the preventive treatment of migraine. A previous analysis showed that eptinezumab reduced monthly migraine days and was well tolerated in the subgroup of PROMISE‐2 patients diagnosed with both CM and MOH.MethodsThe phase 3, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled PROMISE‐2 study (NCT02974153) randomized adults with CM to eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo (administered intravenously every 12 weeks for up to two doses). MOH was prospectively diagnosed at screening by trained physicians based on 3 months of medication history and International Classification of Headache Disorders‐3β criteria. This post hoc analysis evaluated changes in total and class‐specific days of AHM usage, the percentage of patients using AHM at or above MOH diagnostic thresholds, and the percentage of patients experiencing monthly headache and migraine day frequency below diagnostic thresholds for MOH and/or CM.ResultsIn PROMISE‐2, 431/1072 (40.2%) patients with CM were diagnosed with MOH (eptinezumab 100 mg,n = 139; 300 mg,n = 147; placebo,n = 145) and were included in this analysis. Total monthly AHM use decreased from 20.6 days/month at baseline to 10.6 days/month over 24 weeks of treatment (49% decrease) with eptinezumab 100 mg, from 20.7 to 10.5 days/month (49% decrease) with eptinezumab 300 mg, and from 19.8 to 14.0 days/month (29% decrease) with placebo. Numerically greater decreases from baseline with eptinezumab were also observed for individual drug classes. In each study month, the percentages of patients who were below MOH thresholds were numerically higher for both eptinezumab doses compared with placebo, as were the percentages of patients experiencing headache and migraine frequency below CM thresholds. Of patients with available data across the entire treatment period, 29.0% (58/200) of patients treated with eptinezumab stopped meeting and remained below diagnostic thresholds for both CM and MOH during Weeks 1–24, as well as 6.3% (6/96) of patients who received placebo.ConclusionsAcross 24 weeks of treatment, eptinezumab reduced AHM use in patients diagnosed with CM and MOH. More than one‐fourth (29%) of patients treated with eptinezumab did not meet the diagnostic thresholds for either CM or MOH for the entire treatment period.
Reconciling validity and challenges of patient comfort and understanding: Guidelines to patient‐oriented questionnaires
Authors: Hudon Catherine , Danish Alya , Lambert Mireille , Howse Dana , Cassidy Monique , Dumont‐Samson Olivier , Porter Judy , Rubenstein Donna , Sabourin Véronique , Doucet Shelley , Ramsden Vivian R. , Bisson Mathieu , Schwarz Charlotte , Chouinard Maud‐Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are widely recognized as important tools for achieving a patient‐centred approach in health research. While PROMs are subject to several stages of validation during development, even questionnaires with robust psychometric properties may challenge patient comfort and understanding.AimBuilding on the experience of patient engagement in the PriCARE research programme, this paper outlines the team's response to concerns raised by patient partners regarding the administration of the questionnaire.MethodsBased on a participatory action research design and the patient engagement framework in the Strategy for Patient‐Oriented Research of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, PriCARE team members worked together to discuss concerns, review the questionnaires and come up with solutions. Data were collected through participant observation of team meetings.ResultsThis paper demonstrates how patient partners were engaged in PriCARE and integrated into the programme's governance structure, focusing on the challenges that they raised regarding the questionnaires and how these were addressed by PriCARE team members in a six‐step approach: (1) Recognizing patient partner concerns, discussing concerns and reframing the challenges; (2) Detailing and sharing evidence of the validity of the questionnaires; (3) Evaluating potential solutions; (4) Searching the literature for guidelines; (5) Creating guidelines; and (6) Sharing and refining guidelines.ConclusionThis six‐step approach demonstrates how research teams can integrate patient partners as equal members, develop meaningful collaboration through recognition of individual experiences and expertise and ensure that the patient perspective is taken into consideration in research and healthcare innovation.Patient or Public ContributionAll patient partners from the PriCARE programme were actively involved in the six‐step approach. They were also involved in the preparation of the manuscript.
Critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study removal of root filling materials
Authors: Ajina Mahdi A. , Shah Pratik K. , Chong Bun San 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite enjoying high favourable outcome rates, root canal treatment is not always successful. Root canal retreatment is a widely practised option for managing a non‐healing root treated tooth. A basic distinction between retreatment and initial treatment is the requirement to remove the existing root filling material occupying the root canal space. Only then, can the technical deficiencies and possible causes of failure be addressed. Hence, the successful removal of the root filling material is critical to achieving the objectives of retreatment. Many different materials and techniques have been used for root canal filling, which have been documented in a plethora of studies; these are mainly laboratory studies investigating the removal of root filling materials. To help guide future research, which may then better inform clinical practice in relation to retreatment procedures, the focus of this narrative review is on the research methods and experimental models employed to study the removal of root filling materials. The current available literature demonstrates great variation in the research methodologies used to study the removal of root filling material, including direct visualization by splitting tooth samples or clearing, three‐dimensional radiographic imaging including using microcomputed tomography or cone‐beam computed tomography, and a combination of these techniques. Depending on the research method employed, variation also exists in quantification of root filling material removal; these include measurements of surface area, volume or weight, and criteria‐based (semi‐quantitative) assessment. Experimental models, using human teeth or resin models, differ with respect to standardization techniques and replication of the clinical scenario including initial sample preparation, canal filling, allocation and technical aspects of retreatment procedures. Future models should replicate, as closely as possible, the clinical scenario. Currently, microcomputed tomography provides a highly detailed, non‐invasive and non‐destructive method of objectively assessing and quantifying root filling removal.
Low‐temperature synthesis of mullite‐based ceramics from Moroccan naturally occurring andalusite and marble waste
Authors: Tabit Kamal , Borja Wafaa , Saâdi Latifa , Waqif Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present work aims to prepare mullite‐based ceramics at low temperature mainly from andalusite and marble byproduct by a solid‐state interaction method. Marble powder byproduct was used, in the prospect of waste management, as a sintering aid. The influence of marble powder byproduct (5 wt.%) on the phase formation, microstructure‐temperature evolution, densification, and mechanical strength was evaluated by means of XRD, TGA‐DTA, and SEM. The results revealed that the andalusite remained present with mullite up to 1400°C, while the addition of 5 wt.% of marble byproduct involved its complete transformation into mullite and a trace of anorthite. The transformation of andalusite into mullite upon the heating in the range 1300–1400°C involved the densification of the matrix body and a significant increase in mechanical strength from 60 to 170 MPa, which promoted its application for refractory materials.