bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal impact of social care, public health and healthcare expenditure on mortality in England: cross-sectional evidence for 2013/2014
Authors: Martin Stephen , Longo Francesco , Lomas James , Claxton Karl 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesThe first objective is to estimate the joint impact of social care, public health and healthcare expenditure on mortality in England. The second objective is to use these results to estimate the impact of spending constraints in 2010/2011–2014/2015 on total mortality.MethodsThe impact of social care, healthcare and public health expenditure on mortality is analysed by applying the two-stage least squares method to local authority data for 2013/2014. Next, we compare the growth in healthcare and social care expenditure pre-2010 and post-2010. We use the difference between these growth rates and the responsiveness of mortality to changes in expenditure taken from the 2013/2014 cross-sectional analysis to estimate the additional mortality generated by post-2010 spending constraints.ResultsOur most conservative results suggest that (1) a 1% increase in healthcare expenditure reduces mortality by 0.532%; (2) a 1% increase in social care expenditure reduces mortality by 0.336%; and (3) a 1% increase in local public health spending reduces mortality by 0.019%. Using the first two of these elasticities and data on the change in spending growth between 2001/2002–2009/2010 and 2010/2011–2014/2015, we find that there were 57 550 (CI 3075 to 111 955) more deaths in the latter period than would have been observed had spending growth during this period matched that in 2001/2002–2009/2010.ConclusionsAll three forms of public healthcare-related expenditure save lives and there is evidence that additional social care expenditure is more than twice as productive as additional healthcare expenditure. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the slowdown in the rate of improvement in life expectancy in England and Wales since 2010 is attributable to spending constraints in the healthcare and social care sectors.
Recommended conventions for reporting results from direct dark matter searches
Authors: Baxter D. , Bloch I. M. , Bodnia E. , Chen X. , Conrad J. , Di Gangi P. , Dobson J. E. Y. , Durnford D. , Haselschwardt S. J. , Kaboth A. , Lang R. F. , Lin Q. , Lippincott W. H. , Liu J. , Manalaysay A. , McCabe C. , Morå K. D. , Naim D. , Neilson R. , Olcina I. , Piro M. -C. , Selvi M. , von Krosigk B. , Westerdale S. , Yang Y. , Zhou N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe field of dark matter detection is a highly visible and highly competitive one. In this paper, we propose recommendations for presenting dark matter direct detection results particularly suited for weak-scale dark matter searches, although we believe the spirit of the recommendations can apply more broadly to searches for other dark matter candidates, such as very light dark matter or axions. To translate experimental data into a final published result, direct detection collaborations must make a series of choices in their analysis, ranging from how to model astrophysical parameters to how to make statistical inferences based on observed data. While many collaborations follow a standard set of recommendations in some areas, for example the expected flux of dark matter particles (to a large degree based on a paper from Lewin and Smith in 1995), in other areas, particularly in statistical inference, they have taken different approaches, often from result to result by the same collaboration. We set out a number of recommendations on how to apply the now commonly used Profile Likelihood Ratio method to direct detection data. In addition, updated recommendations for the Standard Halo Model astrophysical parameters and relevant neutrino fluxes are provided. The authors of this note include members of the DAMIC, DarkSide, DARWIN, DEAP, LZ, NEWS-G, PandaX, PICO, SBC, SENSEI, SuperCDMS, and XENON collaborations, and these collaborations provided input to the recommendations laid out here. Wide-spread adoption of these recommendations will make it easier to compare and combine future dark matter results.
Maxwell field in spatially flat FLRW space-times
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe classical and quantum theory of the Maxwell free field (or perturbation) minimally coupled to the gravity of local-Minkowskian spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) space-times is constructed in conformal local charts (herein called frames) where the Maxwell equations have the same form as in special relativity. Taking into account that the conformal coordinates cannot be measured directly, all the obtained results are transformed in physical frames, with cosmic time and space coordinates of Painlevé type, where these may take on a physical meaning. In these frames, the Maxwell theory is equivalent to the electrodynamics in flat macroscopic media whose constitutive equations predict magnetoelectric type effects interpreted here as a geometric induction. The given example is of a system of static charges giving rise simultaneously to time-dependent electric and magnetic fields that can be measured in physical frames. The quantization of the Maxwell free field in these manifolds is performed in a canonical manner using the momentum-helicity basis. The propagators in conformal and physical frames and the principal one-particle operators are written down. It is shown that this approach reveals a new behaviour of the one-particle wave packets during propagation and specific effects produced by the apparent horizons of the observers staying at rest in their proper physical frames.
Robotic Resection of Gallbladder Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Comparative Study to Open Resection
Authors: Tschuor Christoph , Pickens Ryan C. , Isenberg Erin E. , Motz Benjamin M. , Salibi Patrick N. , Robinson Jordan N. , Murphy Keith J. , Iannitti David A. , Baker Erin H. , Vrochides Dionisios , Martinie John B. 
Published: October 2021

Background Minimally invasive surgery is gaining support for resection of gallbladder cancer (GBC). This study aims to compare operative and early outcomes of robotic resection (RR) to open resection (OR) from a single institution performing a high volume of robotic HPB surgery. Methods Twenty patients with GBC underwent RR from January 2013 to August 2019. Outcomes were compared to a historical control of 23 patients with OR. Radical cholecystectomy for suspected GBC and completion operations for incidental GBC after routine cholecystectomy were both included. Results Robotic resection had lower blood loss compared to OR (150 vs 350 mL, P = .002) and shorter postoperative length of stay (2.5 vs 6 days, P < .001), while median operative time was similar (193 vs 208 min, P = .604). There were no statistical differences in 30-day major complications or readmissions. No 30-day mortalities occurred. There was no statistical difference in survival trend ( P = .438) or median lymph node harvest (5 vs 3, P = .189) for RR compared to OR. Conclusion Robotic resection of GBC is safe and efficient, with lower length of hospital stay and blood loss compared to OR. Technical benefits of robotic-assisted surgery may prove advantageous though larger studies are still needed.
Dyskeratosis Congenita and Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Alice Q. , Deane Emily C. , Prisman Eitan , Durham J. Scott 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a progressive congenital disorder that predisposes patients to squamous cell cancers (SCC) of the head and neck. We report a case of a patient who underwent primary osteocutaneous free flap for mandibular SCC followed by additional treatments for positive margins and discuss a systematic review on therapeutic management for this patient population. Methods: Case report of a 39-year-old male with DC who underwent resection and reconstruction with a fibular free flap for mandible SCC, followed by revision surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for positive margins. A systematic review was completed afterward with the following terms: “dyskeratosis congenita” AND “oral cancer” OR “head and neck” OR “otolaryngology” on Medline and Web of Science for articles between 1980 and 2021. In total, 12 articles were included that reported on DC and SCC in the head and neck. Results: Of the case reports that were included in this review, half the patients had recurrence within 1 year of primary treatments. Only 2 patients did not require revision surgery, adjuvant, or salvage therapy. Half of patients that received radiation therapy had severe side effects. Conclusions: This is the largest review of DC and SCC in the head and neck. Based off our case report and review, these patients have aggressive disease that often requires multi-modality treatment. Consideration should be taken in regards to reports of side effects with radiation therapy.
How Do Business Schools Contribute to the Perpetuation of the Chilean Labor Model?
Authors: Gutiérrez Crocco Francisca , Cruz Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Business schools are important agents in the cultural circuit of capitalism, but little is known about how they have played this role in countries like Chile. Research carried out in four Chilean business schools shows that they have contributed to the perpetuation of the labor relations model imposed after the neoliberal reforms in at least two ways: by circulating knowledge that makes the collective dimension of labor relations invisible and by declining to modify the attitudes of the student body toward labor relations management. Las escuelas de negocios son agentes importantes en el circuito cultural del capitalismo, pero poco se sabe sobre cómo han jugado su papel en países como Chile. Una investigación llevada a cabo en cuatro escuelas de negocios chilenas muestra que han contribuido a la perpetuación del modelo de relaciones laborales impuesto después de las reformas neoliberales en al menos dos maneras: circulando el conocimiento que invisibiliza la dimensión colectiva de las relaciones laborales y negándose a modificar las actitudes del cuerpo estudiantil hacia la gestión de las relaciones laborales.
Transtibial Versus Anteromedial Portal Technique for Femoral Tunnel Drilling in Primary Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Meta-analysis of Level 1 and 2 Evidence of Clinical, Revision, and Radiological Outcomes
Authors: Mao Yunhe , Zhang Kaibo , Li Jian , Fu Weili 
Published: October 2021

Background: Although numerous clinical studies have compared transtibial (TT) and anteromedial portal (AMP) drilling of femoral tunnels during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), there is no high-quality, evidence-based consensus regarding which technique affords the best outcome. Hypothesis: There would be no difference between the TT and AMP techniques in terms of knee stability, patient-reported outcomes, incidence of revision, and radiological results. Study Design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to February 1, 2021. Level 1 and 2 clinical trials that compared TT and AM techniques were included. Data were meta-analyzed for the outcome measures of knee stability, patient-reported functional outcomes, incidence of revision, and radiological results. Dichotomous variables were presented as odds ratios (ORs), and continuous variables were presented as mean differences (MDs) and standard mean differences (SMDs). Results: The meta-analysis included 18 clinical studies, level of evidence 1 or 2, that involved 53,888 patients. Pooled data showed that the AMP group had a lower side-to-side difference (SMD, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.39; P = .009), a lower incidence of pivot-shift phenomenon (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.26 to 10.79; P = .02), and a higher postoperative Lysholm score (SMD, −0.26; 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.08; P = .005) than the TT group. However, no statistically significant differences were seen in other outcomes, including subjective International Knee Documentation Committee scores (SMD, –0.11; 95% CI, –0.30 to 0.09; P = .30) or grades (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.35 to 2.49; P = .89), postoperative activity level (MD, –0.14; 95% CI, –0.42 to 0.15; P = .35), and incidence of revision ACLR (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.16; P = .45). The TT technique was more likely to create longer (SMD, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.05 to 2.06; P = .04) and more oblique (SMD, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.11; P < .001) femoral tunnels than the AMP technique, and a higher height ratio of the aperture position was detected with the TT technique (SMD, −3.51; 95% CI, −5.54 to −1.49; P < .001). Conclusion: The AMP technique for ACLR may be more likely to produce better knee stability and improved clinical outcomes than the TT technique, but no difference was found in the incidence of revision between the 2 groups.
The Effectiveness of Intramedullary Screw Fixation Using the Herbert Screw for Fifth Metatarsal Stress Fractures in High-Level Athletes
Authors: Morimoto Shota , Iseki Tomoya , Morooka Takatoshi , Yoshiya Shinichi , Tachibana Toshiya , Tanaka Juichi 
Published: October 2021

Background: Intramedullary screw fixation is the most common operative procedure used for treatment of fifth metatarsal stress fractures in athletes. However, the optimal implant in intramedullary screw fixation is still being investigated. Purpose: To review experiences with intramedullary screw fixation using the Herbert screw for fifth metatarsal stress fractures in high-level athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed 37 high-level athletes (Tegner activity score ≥7) who underwent intramedullary screw fixation using the Herbert screw for fifth metatarsal stress fractures between August 2005 and August 2017. The minimum follow-up period of the patients was 2 years. In assessing the surgical results, time to obtain bone union, time to return to original level of sport participation, and treatment failures/complications were reviewed. Additionally, the effect of intraoperative plantar gap widening caused by the screw insertion was analyzed. The surgical results of the 2 groups, the no-gap group (intraoperative plantar gap widening, <1 mm) and the gap group (intraoperative plantar gap widening, ≥1 mm), were compared, while correlations between intraoperative plantar gap widening and the surgical results were statistically analyzed. Results: Bone union and return to the original sport were attained in all patients without treatment failures/complications such as delayed union, nonunion, or refracture. The mean time to obtain bone union was 10.1 weeks, and the mean time to return to sport was 10.9 weeks. In comparing the no-gap group (n = 16) and the gap group (n = 21), no significant differences in the time to obtain bone union ( P = .392) or to return to sport ( P = .399) were noted. Additionally, there was no correlation between intraoperative plantar gap widening and the time to obtain bone union ( r = 0.131; P = .428) or to return to sport ( r = 0.160; P = .331). Conclusion: The use of the Herbert screw for intramedullary screw fixation to treat fifth metatarsal stress fractures in high-level athletes provided satisfactory results enabling all the athletes to return to the original sport without treatment failures/complications. Additionally, intraoperative plantar gap widening does not affect the surgical results using this technique.
White matter microstructure alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus: A preliminary coordinate-based meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies
Authors: Zhou Cong , Dong Man , Duan Weiwei , Lin Hao , Wang Shuting , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Yujia , Shi Jiameng , Liu Shirui , Cheng Yuqi , Xu Xiufeng , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2021

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus is often accompanied with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neuroimaging evidence indicated that microstructural white matter (WM) abnormalities play role in the neuropathological mechanism. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies allows the assessment of the microstructural integrity of WM tracts, but existing findings were inconsistent. This present study aimed to conduct a coordinate‐based meta‐analysis (CBMA) to identify statistical consensus of DTI studies in SLE. Methods Relevant studies that reported the differences of fractional anisotropy (FA) between SLE patients and healthy controls (HC) were searched systematically. Only studies reported the results in Talairach or Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates were included. The anisotropic effect size version of signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) was applied to detect WM alterations in SLE. Results Totally, five studies with seven datasets which included 126 patients and 161 HC were identified. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated that SLE patients exhibited significant FA reduction in the left striatum and bilateral inferior network, mainly comprised the corpus callosum (CC), bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), bilateral anterior thalamic projections, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and left insula. No region with higher FA was identified. Conclusions Disorders of the immune system might lead to subtle WM microstructural alterations in SLE, which might be related with cognitive deficits or emotional distress symptoms. This provides a better understanding of the pathological mechanism of microstructural brain abnormalities in SLE.
Initial neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of mortality and ICU admission after major trauma
Authors: Qiu Yunfei , Fitzgerald Mark , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: October 2021

Introduction The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a marker of systemic inflammation in major trauma patients that is associated with in-hospital mortality. We aimed to determine the discriminative ability of initial NLR as a predictor of outcomes following major trauma. Methods This was a registry-based cohort study involving all major trauma patients meeting criteria for inclusion into the Alfred Health Trauma Registry who presented directly from the scene of injury over a 24-month period (January 2018 to December 2019). The initial NLR was calculated for each patient and was compared against the Shock Index (SI), lactate and Revised Trauma Score (RTS). Outcomes observed were mortality at hospital discharge and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We assessed the predictive capacity of each test using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and performed area under the ROC curve (AUROC) analysis to compare their performance. Results Data were extracted for 1687 major trauma patients, of which 72% were male, the median age was 49 years (IQR 31–68) and most (90%) of patients presented after a blunt mechanism of injury. In-hospital mortality occurred in 165 (9.77%) patients, and 725 (42.92%) patients required ICU admission. The median NLR was 6.84 (IQR 3.89–11.52). Initial NLR performed poorly with an AUROC of 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40–0.52) for prediction of mortality and AUROC of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.50–0.56) for prediction of ICU admission. The AUROCs of initial NLR for both mortality at hospital discharge and ICU admission were significantly lower than SI, lactate and RTS. Conclusion Initial NLR was not predictive of outcomes in major trauma. NLR at other time-points may provide better predictive capacity for outcomes.
How effective is cyanoacrylate closure in small saphenous vein insufficiency? A single center experience
Authors: Yiğit Görkem 
Published: October 2021

Objectives The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and early outcomes of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) ablation in small saphenous vein (SSV) insufficiency. Methods In this single-center, retrospective, single-arm study, NBCA ablation was performed in 80 patients with SSV insufficiency between September 2018 and May 2020. Primary outcomes (anatomic success rate and occlusion rate) and secondary outcomes (VCSS and AVVQ scores) of the patients were analyzed. Results No technical failure and device-related complications were encountered. Anatomic success rate was 100% after procedures. Each treated SSV was occluded on colored Doppler ultrasonography immediately after the procedure, and all veins remained occluded at 2 weeks after the procedure. Partial recanalization was observed in five patients at 12-month follow-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an occlusion rates at 6 months and 12 months follow-up were 97.5% and 93.75%, respectively. The mean pretreatment VCSS (4.72 ± 2.04) decreased to 1.61 ± 0.93, 0.87 ± 0.58, and 0.73 ± 0.52 at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment, respectively ( p < .001). The mean pretreatment AVVQ score (11.92 ± 2.23) decreased to 8.2 ± 1.89, 4.2 ± 1.16, and 3.32 ± 1.19 at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment, respectively ( p < .001). The Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, and Pathophysiology clinical classification at 12 months demonstrated a significant reduction in disease severity compared with preoperative values ( p < .001). There was no mortality and major adverse events including anaphylaxis and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) related to procedure after follow-ups. Moreover, there were no symptoms or signs of any sural nerve injury and no cases of skin necrosis, infection, or hyperpigmentation. In addition, no hematoma, deep venous thrombosis, and hypersensitivity reactions were observed. Phlebitis-like abnormal reaction was observed in three patients (3.8%). Conclusions In conclusion, in patients with SSV insufficiency, NBCA ablation with VenaBlock® system appears to be an effective and reliable treatment method. At the 12-month follow-up, the NBCA of SSVs showed a low recanalization rate and had a satisfactory improvement on the VCSS and AVVQ scores.
Pharmacists practising in family medicine groups: An evaluation 2 years after experiencing a virtual community of practice
Authors: Guénette Line , Maheu Anne , Vanier Marie-Claude , Dugré Nicolas , Rouleau Léonie , Roy-Petit Jacynthe , Lalonde Lyne 
Published: October 2021

Background: In 2018, a virtual community of practice (CoP) for pharmacists working in family medicine groups (FMGs) in Quebec province was developed. The aim of this CoP—called Réseau Québécois des Pharmaciens GMF (RQP GMF)—was to foster best practices by supporting FMG pharmacists. This study assesses the processes and outcomes of this CoP 2 years after its creation. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional web-based study from March to May 2020. All FMG pharmacists who were registered as members of the RQP GMF ( n = 326) were sent an invitation via a newsletter. The link to the questionnaire was also publicized in the CoP Facebook group. The questionnaire comprised a 38-item validated instrument assessing 8 dimensions of the CoP. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: A total of 112 FMG pharmacists (34.4%) completed the questionnaire. Respondents agreed that the RQP GMF was a joint enterprise (mean score, 4.18/5), that members shared their knowledge (mean score, 3.94/5) and engaged mutually (mean score, 3.50/5) and that the RQP GMF provided support (mean score, 3.92/5) and capacity building (mean score, 4.01/5). In general, they were satisfied with the implementation process (mean score, 3.68/5) and with activities proposed (mean score, 3.79/5). A lower proportion of respondents agreed that their participation in the RQP GMF generated external impacts, which led to a smaller mean score (3.37/5) for this dimension. Conclusion: The RQP GMF, one of the first communities of practice for pharmacists practising in family medicine groups, attained most of the objectives initially intended by the CoP. These results will facilitate the adaptation of processes and activities to better fulfil members’ needs. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2021;154:xx-xx.