bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion‐related adverse reactions: Data from the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module — United States, 2013–2018
Authors: Kracalik Ian , Mowla Sanjida , Basavaraju Sridhar V. , Sapiano Mathew R.P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite current blood safety measures, transfusion recipients can experience transfusion‐related adverse reactions. Monitoring these reactions can aid in understanding the effectiveness of current transfusion safety measures. Data from the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module were used to quantify adverse reaction risk.MethodsFacilities reporting at least one month of transfused blood components and transfusion‐related adverse reactions during January 2013–December 2018 were included. Adverse reaction rates (number per 100,000 components transfused) were calculated for transfused components stratified by component type, collection, and modification methods.ResultsDuring 2013–2018, 201 facilities reported 18,308 transfusion‐related adverse reactions among 8.34 million blood components transfused (220/100,000). Adverse reactions were higher among apheresis (486/100,000) and pathogen‐reduced platelets (579/100,000) than apheresis red blood cells (197/100,000). Allergic reactions (41%) were most common. There were 23 fatalities and 9% of all adverse reactions were serious (severe, life‐threatening, or fatal). Reactions involving pulmonary complications (transfusion‐associated circulatory overload, transfusion‐related acute lung injury and transfusion‐associated dyspnea) accounted for 35% of serious reactions but 65% of fatalities. Most (76%) of the 37 transfusion‐transmitted infections were serious; none involved pathogen‐reduced components.ConclusionsOne in 455 blood components transfused was associated with an adverse reaction although the risk of serious reactions (1 in 6224) or transfusion‐transmitted infections (1 in 225,440) was lower. Some serious reactions identified were preventable, suggesting additional safety measures may be beneficial. Higher reaction rates identified among pathogen‐reduced platelets require further study. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring reactions through national hemovigilance to inform current safety measures and the need for strategies to increase healthcare facility participation.
Successful treatment of distichiasis in a cow using a direct‐contact 810‐nm diode laser
Authors: Arteaga Kevin , Crasta Manuela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the use of direct‐contact diode laser as a new treatment for distichiasis.Study designCase report.AnimalsA 2‐month‐old Italian Friesian calf with bilateral excessive tearing and corneal opacification was presented to the Visionvet Eye Clinic. Abnormalities on ophthalmic examination included epiphora, seromucous discharge, bilateral distichiasis and secondary chronic keratitis affecting both eyes.MethodsDistichiae were surgically removed after insertion of the 810‐nm diode laser tip into the associated meibomian gland.ResultsClinical signs gradually improved postoperatively with minimal and transient post‐operative complications. Ophthalmic examination was within normal limits 6 months later beyond distichiae.ConclusionTreatment of distichiasis with direct‐contact 810‐nm diode laser resulted in long‐term resolution of signs in the case described here.
The subiculum sensitizes retrosplenial cortex layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Gao Mengxuan , Noguchi Asako , Ikegaya Yuji 
Published: April 2021

Key points
Neurons in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a cerebral region that connects synaptically with various brain regions, are known to increase neuronal activity in accordance with hippocampal sharp wave‐ripples.
Pyramidal cells in granular RSC (gRSC) layer 2/3, but not layer 5, exhibit slowly ramping depolarization and considerably delayed spikes in response to a step‐pulse current injection.
The latencies of delayed spikes in RSC layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons were shortened by a preceding current injection.
This effect was mimicked by activation of axonal afferents from the subiculum, but not of neocortical afferents.
The subiculum is likely to facilitate information processing and flow in the RSC.
AbstractThe retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a cerebral region involved in diverse cognitive functions, is an anatomical hub that forms monosynaptic connections with various brain areas. Here, we report a unique form of short‐term intrinsic plasticity in mouse granular RSC layer 2/3 pyramidal cells. These cells exhibited delayed spikes in response to somatic current injection, but the spike latencies were shortened by a preceding brief depolarization (priming). This priming‐induced sensitization is distinct from desensitization, which is commonly observed in other cortical neurons. The facilitatory priming effect lasted for more than 3 s, providing a time window for increased sensitivity to RSC inputs. Based on in vitro and in vivo patch‐clamp recordings following optogenetic stimulation of axonal fibres, we found that preactivation of subicular afferents replicated the facilitatory priming effect. The results suggest that subicular inputs to RSC layer 2/3 neurons may modulate subsequent information integration in the RSC layer 2/3 circuits.
Late gestation fetal hyperglucagonaemia impairs placental function and results in diminished fetal protein accretion and decreased fetal growth
Authors: Cilvik Sarah N. , Wesolowski Stephanie R. , Anthony Russ V. , Brown Laura D. , Rozance Paul J. 
Published: April 2021

Key points
Fetal glucagon concentrations are elevated in the setting of placental insufficiency, hypoxia and elevated stress hormones.
Chronically elevated glucagon concentrations in the adult result in profound decreases in amino acid concentrations and lean body mass.
Experimental elevation of fetal glucagon concentrations in a late‐gestation pregnant sheep results in lower fetal amino acid concentrations, lower protein accretion and lower fetal weight, in addition to decreased placental function.
This study demonstrates a negative effect of glucagon on fetal protein accretion and growth, and also provides the first example of a fetal hormone that negatively regulates placental nutrient transport and blood flow.
AbstractFetal glucagon concentrations are elevated in the setting of placental insufficiency and fetal stress. Postnatal studies have demonstrated the importance of glucagon in amino acid metabolism, and limited fetal studies have suggested that glucagon inhibits umbilical uptake of certain amino acids. We hypothesized that chronic fetal hyperglucagonaemia would decrease amino acid transfer and increase amino acid oxidation by the fetus. Late gestation singleton fetal sheep received a direct intravenous infusion of glucagon (GCG; 5 or 50 ng/kg/min; n = 7 and 5, respectively) or a vehicle control (n = 10) for 8–10 days. Fetal and maternal nutrient concentrations, uterine and umbilical blood flows, fetal leucine flux, nutrient uptake rates, placental secretion of chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH), and targeted placental gene expression were measured. GCG fetuses had 13% lower fetal weight compared to controls (P = 0.0239) and >28% lower concentrations of 16 out of 21 amino acids (P < 0.02). Additionally, protein synthesis was 49% lower (P = 0.0005), and protein accretion was 92% lower in GCG fetuses (P = 0.0006). Uterine blood flow was 33% lower in ewes with GCG fetuses (P = 0.0154), while umbilical blood flow was similar. Fetal hyperglucagonaemia lowered uterine uptake of 10 amino acids by >48% (P < 0.05) and umbilical uptake of seven amino acids by >29% (P < 0.04). Placental secretion of CSH into maternal circulation was reduced by 80% compared to controls (P = 0.0080). This study demonstrates a negative effect of glucagon on fetal protein accretion and growth. It also demonstrates that glucagon, a hormone of fetal origin, negatively regulates maternal placental nutrient transport function, placental CSH production and uterine blood flow.
Stiffness Characteristics of Crossed Roller Bearings With Roller Roundness Deformation
Authors: Tong Van-Canh , Hong Seong-Wook 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the stiffness characteristics of crossed-roller bearings (XRBs) subjected to various loading and boundary conditions. A five-degrees-of-freedom XRB model was adopted that considers the effect of roller roundness deformation, which was developed by the authors in a prior study. The analytical formulation for a fully occupied (5 × 5) stiffness matrix of XRB was obtained. Extended simulations were performed to determine the XRB stiffness and internal load distribution considering the effects of the external loads, axial preloads, axial clearance, and angular misalignment. The numerical results confirmed that the bearing stiffness possessed significant nonlinearity with respect to the external loads. Increasing the axial clearance reduced the stiffness of the bearing under radial and moment loading, but it did not affect the stiffness of the pure axially loaded bearing. The stiffness of the bearing with axial clearance increased consistently with the misalignment angle. The stiffness behavior of the preloaded bearing depended on the misalignment angle.
Intimate partner violence and child outcomes at age 10: a pregnancy cohort
Authors: Gartland Deirdre , Conway Laura J , Giallo Rebecca , Mensah Fiona K , Cook Fallon , Hegarty Kelsey , Herrman Helen , Nicholson Jan , Reilly Sheena , Hiscock Harriet , Sciberras Emma , Brown Stephanie J 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveAssess the mental health, physical health, cognitive and language development of 10-year old children in families where mothers have reported intimate partner violence (IPV) compared with children with no reported IPV exposure.DesignProspective pregnancy cohort. Maternal report of IPV (Composite Abuse Scale) at 1, 4 and 10 years. Maternal and direct assessment of child mental health (probable psychiatric diagnosis, anxiety and emotional/behavioural difficulties), cognition (IQ and executive function), language (general, pragmatic and receptive) and physical health at 10 years.SettingA subsample of 615 mother–child dyads drawn from a pregnancy cohort of 1507 nulliparous women recruited from six public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia.ResultsAny IPV exposure from infancy to age 10 was associated with poorer child outcomes at age 10. Specifically, twice the odds of a probable psychiatric diagnosis, emotional/behavioural difficulties, impaired language skills (general and pragmatic), and having consulted a health professional about asthma or sleep problems. IPV exposure at age 10 associated with two to three times higher odds of all mental health outcomes, elevated blood pressure and sleep problems. Early life exposure alone (at 1 and/or 4 years) associated with three times higher odds of a general language problem and asthma at age 10.ConclusionThe high prevalence of IPV and increased risk of poorer health and development among children exposed highlights the burden of ill health carried by children in families experiencing IPV. Fewer difficulties where exposure was limited to the early years builds the case for better identification, understanding and resourcing of effective early intervention.
Ultrasound for the diagnosis of malrotation and volvulus in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen HaiThuy N , Kulkarni Madhulika , Jose Jisha , Sisson Amy , Brandt Mary L , Sammer Marla B K , Pammi Mohan 
Published: April 2021

ContextDespite the advantages of ultrasound (US), upper gastrointestinal contrast series (UGI) remains the first-line diagnostic modality in the diagnosis of midgut malrotation and volvulus in children.ObjectiveEvaluate the diagnostic accuracy of US in the diagnosis of malrotation with or without volvulus in children and adolescents aged 0–21 years, compared with the reference standard (diagnosis by surgery, UGI, CT, MRI, and clinical follow-up individually or as a composite).Data sourcesWe searched the electronic databases Ovid-MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library in October 2019 and updated on 18 August 2020.Study selectionStudies evaluating the diagnostic performance of US for diagnosis of midgut malrotation with or without volvulus in children (0–21 years).Data extraction and synthesisThe data were extracted independently by two authors and a bivariate model was used for synthesis.ResultsMeta-analysis of 17 cohort or cross-sectional studies and 2257 participants estimated a summary sensitivity of 94% (95% CI 89% to 97%) and summary specificity of 100% (95% CI 97% to 100%) (moderate certainty evidence) for the use of US for the diagnosis of malrotation with or without midgut volvulus compared with the reference standard. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression revealed better diagnostic accuracy in malrotation not complicated by volvulus, in the neonatal population and enteric fluid administration before US.ConclusionsModerate certainty evidence suggests excellent diagnostic accuracy and coupled with the advantages, a strong case exists for the use of abdominal US as the first-line diagnostic test for suspected midgut malrotation with or without volvulus in children and adolescents.
Autosomal recessive congenital hereditary corneal dystrophy associated with a novel SLC4A11 mutation in two consanguineous Tunisian families
Authors: Chibani Zohra , Abid Imen Zone , Söderkvist Peter , Feki Jamel , Aifa Mounira Hmani 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAutosomal recessive congenital hereditary corneal dystrophy (CHED) is a rare isolated developmental anomaly of the eye characterised by diffuse bilateral corneal clouding that may lead to visual impairment requiring corneal transplantation. CHED is known to be caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 4 member 11 (SLC4A11) gene which encodes a membrane transporter protein (sodium bicarbonate transporter-like solute carrier family 4 member 11).MethodsTo identify SLC4A11 gene mutations associated with CHED (OMIM: #217700), genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and sequenced for all exons and intron-exon boundaries in two large Tunisian families.ResultsA novel deletion SLC4A11 mutation (p. Leu479del; c.1434_1436del) is responsible for CHED in both analysed families. This non-frameshift mutation was found in a homozygous state in affected members and heterozygous in non-affected members. In silico analysis largely support the pathogenicity of this alteration that may leads to stromal oedema by disrupting the osmolarity balance. Being localised to a region of alpha-helical secondary structure, Leu479 deletion may induce protein-compromising structural rearrangements.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical and genetic study exploring CHED in Tunisia. The present work also expands the list of pathogenic genotypes in SLC4A11 gene and its associated clinical diagnosis giving more insights into genotype–phenotype correlations.
Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of sideline concussion evaluation: a prospective, case-controlled study in college athletes comparing newer tools and established tests
Authors: Harmon Kimberly G , Whelan Bridget M , Aukerman Douglas F , Bohr Adam D , Nerrie J Matthew , Elkinton Heather A , Holliday Marissa , Poddar Sourav K , Chrisman Sara P D , McQueen Matthew B 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo assess diagnostic accuracy and reliability of sideline concussion tests in college athletes.MethodsAthletes completed baseline concussion tests including Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, Standardised Assessment of Concussion (SAC), modified Balance Error Scoring System (m-BESS), King-Devick test and EYE-SYNC Smooth Pursuits. Testing was repeated in athletes diagnosed acutely with concussion and compared to a matched teammate without concussion.ResultsData were collected on 41 concussed athletes and 41 matched controls. Test–retest reliability for symptom score and symptom severity assessed using control athletes was 0.09 (−0.70 to 0.88) and 0.08 (−1.00 to 1.00) (unweighted kappa). Intraclass correlations were SAC 0.33 (−0.02 to 0.61), m-BESS 0.33 (−0.2 to 0.60), EYE-SYNC Smooth Pursuit tangential variability 0.70 (0.50 to 0.83), radial variability 0.47 (0.19 to 0.69) and King-Devick test 0.71 (0.49 to 0.84). The maximum identified sensitivity/specificity of each test for predicting clinical concussion diagnosis was: symptom score 81%/94% (3-point increase), symptom severity score 91%/81% (3-point increase), SAC 44%/72% (2-point decline), m-BESS 40%/92% (5-point increase), King-Devick 85%/76% (any increase in time) and EYE-SYNC Smooth Pursuit tangential variability 48%/58% and radial variability 52%/61% (any increase). Adjusted area under the curve was: symptom score 0.95 (0.89, 0.99), symptom severity 0.95 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99), SAC 0.66 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.79), m-BESS 0.71 (0.60, 0.83), King-Devick 0.78 (0.69, 0.87), radial variability 0.47 (0.34, 0.59), tangential variability 0.41 (0.30, 0.54)ConclusionTest–retest reliability of most sideline concussion tests was poor in uninjured athletes, raising concern about the accuracy of these tests to detect new concussion. Symptom score/severity had the greatest sensitivity and specificity, and of the objective tests, the King-Devick test performed best.
Projected paediatric cervical spine imaging rates with application of NEXUS, Canadian C-Spine and PECARN clinical decision rules in a prospective Australian cohort
Authors: Phillips Natalie , Rasmussen Katie , McGuire Sally , Abel Kerrie-Ann , Acworth Jason , Askin Geoffrey , Brady Robyn , Walsh Mark , Babl Franz E 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundClinical decision rules (CDRs) are commonly used to guide imaging decisions in cervical spine injury (CSI) assessment despite limited evidence for their use in paediatric populations. We set out to determine CSI incidence, imaging rates and the frequency of previously identified CSI risk factors, and thus assess the projected impact on imaging rates if CDRs were strictly applied as a rule in our population.MethodsA single-centre prospective observational study on all aged under 16 years presenting for assessment of possible CSI to a tertiary paediatric emergency department over a year, commencing September 2015. CDR variables from the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) rule, Canadian C-Spine rule (CCR) and proposed Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule were collected prospectively and applied post hoc.Results1010 children were enrolled; 973 had not received prior imaging. Of these, 40.7% received cervical spine imaging; 32.4% X-rays, 13.4% CT scan and 3% MRI. All three CDRs identified the five children (0.5%) with CSI who had not received prior imaging. If CDRs were strictly applied as a rule for imaging, projected imaging rates in our setting would be as follows: NEXUS-44% (95% CI 41% to 47.4%), CCR-at least 48.4% (95% CI 45.3% to 51.7%) and PECARN-68% (95% CI 65.1% to 71.1%).ConclusionCSIs were rare (0.5% of our cohort), however, 40% of children received imaging. CDRs have been designed to guide imaging decisions; if strictly applied as a rule for imaging, the CDRs assessed in this study would increase imaging rates. Projected rates differ considerably depending on the CDR applied. These findings highlight the need for a validated paediatric-specific cervical spine imaging CDR.
Bumblebee gravity with a Kerr–Sen like solution and its Shadow
Authors: Jha Sohan Kumar , Rahaman Anisur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe have considered the bumblebee gravity model where lorentz-violating (LV) scenario gets involved through a bumblebee field vector field $$B_\mu $$

B
μ

. A spontaneous symmetry breaking allows the field to acquires a vacuum expectation value that generates LV into the system. A Kerr–Sen-like solution has been found out starting from the generalized form of a radiating stationery axially symmetric black hole metric. We compute the effective potential offered by the null geodesics in the bumblebee rotating black hole spacetime. The shadow has been sketched for different variations of the parameters involved in the system. A careful investigation has been carried out to study how the shadow gets affected when Lorentz violation enters into the picture. The emission rate of radiation has also been studied and how it varies with the LV parameter $$\ell $$
ℓ
is studied scrupulously.
Precise capture rates of cosmic neutrinos and their implications on cosmology
Authors: Akita Kensuke , Hurwitz Saul , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe explore the potential of measurements of cosmological effects, such as neutrino spectral distortions from the neutrino decoupling and neutrino clustering in our Galaxy, via cosmic neutrino capture on tritium. We compute the precise capture rates of each neutrino species including such cosmological effects to probe them. These precise estimates of capture rates are also important in that the would-be deviation of the estimated capture rate could suggest new neutrino physics and/or a non-standard evolution of the universe. In addition, we discuss the precise differences between the capture rates of Dirac and Majorana neutrinos for each species, the required energy resolutions to detect each neutrino species and the method of reconstruction of the spectrum of cosmic neutrinos via the spectrum of emitted electrons, with emphasis on the PTOLEMY experiment.
Long-range Josephson effect controlled by temperature gradient and circuit topology
Authors: Kalenkov Mikhail S. , Zaikin Andrei D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate that the supercurrent can be strongly enhanced in cross-like superconducting hybrid nanostructures (X-junctions) exposed to a temperature gradient. At temperatures T exceeding the Thouless energy of our X-junction, the Josephson current decays algebraically with increasing T and can be further enhanced by a proper choice of the circuit topology. At large values of the temperature gradient, the non-equilibrium contribution to the supercurrent may become as large as the equilibrium one at low T. We also predict a variety of transitions between 0- and $$\pi $$
π
-junction states controlled by the temperature gradient as well as by the system geometry. Our predictions can be directly verified in modern experiments.