bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the precipitation–temperature relationship in China during 1961–2018
Authors: Liu Zihan , Wu Guocan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs a direct manifestation of global warming, the air temperature has been reported to rise significantly during the last several decades. Meanwhile, precipitation around the world has also changed profoundly. Therefore, it is important to unravel the long‐term changes in temperature and precipitation as well as their relationship. This study investigates the characteristics of temperature and precipitation in China from 1961 to 2018. Based on theoretical simulations, the effect of cloud droplet growth and precipitation formation on cloud temperature change has been determined. It has been found that for a specific cloud, the change in surface tension with temperature can increase the supersaturation rate in the cloud, which promotes precipitation by about 10%·K−1. A real dataset was then used to analyse the state change in temperature and precipitation under climate change. Precipitation showed an increasing trend by 13.9%·K−1 throughout China with increasing temperature, which reflects the combined effect of the decrease in rainfall frequency and the increase in rainfall intensity. This indicates that the theoretical simulations could provide a reference model to analyse the actual precipitation–temperature relationship (PTR). In addition, the PTR showed large regional variations: 5.1%·K−1 in North China, 5.6%·K−1 in the Northeast region, 19.6%·K−1 in the Yangtze River valley, 20.4%·K−1 in the Southeast, 14.1%·K−1 in the Southwest, and 9.2%·K−1 in the Northwest, which may be limited by the relative humidity.
Therapeutic effect of fluvastatin on medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Sanda Koma , Ayukawa Yasunori , Yasunami Noriyuki , Adachi Naomi , Furuhashi Akihiro , Imai Mikio , Matsunaka Ken , Koyano Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRefractory jaw osteonecrosis that occurs in osteoporotic or cancer patients treated with bisphosphonates is called medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw but its underlying mechanism is unclear. Statins, therapeutic agents for dyslipidemia, lower blood low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Fluvastatin promotes the healing of tooth extraction sockets and reduces the risk of developing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw‐like lesions. We used a rat model to investigate whether injecting fluvastatin at extraction sites promoted the healing of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw‐like lesions.MethodsUpper first molars of rats administered zoledronate and dexamethasone for 2 weeks were extracted. Two weeks after tooth extraction, rats with medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw‐like lesions (bone exposure) were included in this study. A single injection of fluvastatin was administered in the vicinity of the medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw‐like onset site in rats.ResultsThe distance between the edges of the epithelia, the length of the necrotic bone exposed toward the oral cavity, the area of the necrotic bone, and the necrotic bone ratio were significantly smaller in the fluvastatin‐administered group compared with the saline group. A single application of fluvastatin near the site of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw onset showed a tendency to close the epithelium, reduce necrotic bone, and form new bone, even when symptoms had already developed.ConclusionThis study suggests that a single topical administration of fluvastatin may be a novel treatment for medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Efficacy and economics evaluation of seed rhizome treatment combined with preplant soil fumigation on ginger soilborne disease, plant growth, and yield promotion
Authors: Yan Dongdong , Wang Qiuxia , Li Yuan , Guo Meixia , Guo Xiaoqin , Ouyang Canbin , Migheli Quirico , Xu Jin , Cao Aocheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGinger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is widely planted around the world. Owing to continuous planting, ginger is seriously affected by soilborne fungi, bacteria, and nematodes. Although preplant soil fumigation is an effective prevention strategy of soilborne diseases, individual fumigant and technology could not provide effective control of ginger soilborne disease. In our research, different combinations of soil fumigants and seed rhizome treatments were evaluated by monitoring the soil pathogens population, ginger growth, yield, and estimation of economic benefits.RESULTSSoil fumigation effectively reduced the population of soilborne pathogens, and chloropicrin had a better control effect on soilborne pathogens than dazomet did. Preplant soil fumigation and seed rhizome treatment not only provide good control of soilborne disease, but also reduced the incidence of plant foliar pest and disease. Average yield increase rate of seed rhizome treatment was 12.0%; the highest yield increase was 24.4%. The average cost of seed rhizome treatment only increased by about 2.86%, but the rate of net revenue increase for the seed rhizome treatment reached up to 19.1%.CONCLUSIONSeed rhizome treatment is a very cost‐effective soilborne disease control technology. In the management of soilborne diseases, the combined application of soil fumigation and seed rhizome treatment can reduce the risk of crops infected by soilborne diseases and ensure high and stable crop yields. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of an endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase from wheat malt on water‐unextractable arabinoxylan derived from wheat
Authors: Peng Zhaojun , Jin Yuhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐starch polysaccharides in wheat are dominated by arabinoxylan (AX). Endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) is the most important enzyme for degrading AX. This paper investigated the ability of endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase extracted from wheat malt to degrade non‐water‐extractable wheat‐derived arabinoxylan (WUAX).RESULTSThe enzyme was observed to break down wheat‐derived WUAX effectively, substantially increasing the concentration of water‐extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) in the system for up to 6 h. A considerable quantity of arabinose xylooligosaccharide (AXOS) was also produced, suggesting that the enzyme could produce oligosaccharides too. The molecular weight of the product WEAX was between 23 and 27 kDa and the content of oligosaccharides changed with degradation time. This suggests that endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase can not only degrade WUAX into WEAX and xylooligosaccharides but can also degrade the xylooligosaccharides with larger molecular weights into xylobiose and xylotriose. The viscosity of the degradation product increased significantly in the first 2 h, then decreased with longer degradation times. The concentration of WEAX in the reaction system increased throughout the reaction but at gradually lower rates, indicating that the endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase degraded WEAX better than it degraded WUAX. Rheological tests showed that solutions prepared from the WEAX that was produced had properties of a pseudoplastic fluid.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the wheat malt endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase, which we had previously tested on WEAX, was also effective in degrading wheat‐derived WUAX. This study can therefore provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent role of the enzyme in other sources of xylan, and provide guidance for the quality control of beer in the brewing process. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comprehensive multicomponent characterization and fingerprinting analysis of Lanqin Oral Liquid by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Huimin , Hu Wandi , Wang Hongda , Wang Yuefei , Yang Wenzhi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComprehensive characterization of the chemical constituents of Chinese patent medicine poses a great challenge due to the frustrating complexity resulting from superposition of multiple drugs. Lanqin Oral Liquid is a five‐component Chinese patent medicine widely applied to treat pharyngeal inflammation in clinic. Here, we streamline a universal three‐dimensional separation approach to efficiently identify the multicomponents from Lanqin Oral Liquid by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and UNIFI/in‐house library‐driven automatic peak annotation. Because of the systematic optimization, the use of an HSS T3 column enabled good separation of the multiple components within 42 min, while high‐definition MSE in both the negative and positive modes could characterize more classes of herbal components, thus providing the retention, collision cross‐section, and MS information for each component. Benefiting from the ion mobility separation, cleaner MS1 and MS2 spectra were acquired. Aided by comparison and analysis of the fragmentation pathways of 49 reference compounds, we could characterize 175 compounds from Lanqin Oral Liquid. A validated high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting approach unveiled good similarity (0.985–1.000) among 22 batches of commercial samples. Conclusively, we demonstrated a practical solution to elucidating the chemical composition of Chinese patent medicines, with the potential of popularization.
Phytometabolite profiling of Coronil, a herbal medicine for COVID‐19, its identification by mass‐spectroscopy and quality validation on liquid chromatographic platforms
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Tomer Meenu , Verma Sudeep , Joshi Monali , Sharma Priyanka , Srivastava Jyotish , Varshney Anurag 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoronil is a tri‐herbal medicine consisting of immunomodulatory herbs, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, and Ocimum sanctum. The formulation has been developed specifically as the supporting measure for COVID‐19. Current investigation is aimed to identify the phytoconstituents in Coronil utilizing ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled with quadrapole time of flight and to establish its quality standardization using high‐performance liquid chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography. Out of 52 identified compounds, cordifolioside A, magnoflorine, rosmarinic acid, palmatine, withanoside IV, withanoside V, withanone, betulinic acid, and ursolic acid were quantified in 15 different batches of Coronil on validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method. Similarly, withanoside IV, withaferin A, magnoflorine, palmatine, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid were analyzed on high performance thin layer chromatography. Methods were validated as per the International Council for Harmonization guidelines. These methods were specific, reproducible, accurate, precise, linear (r2 > 0.99), and percent recoveries were within the prescribed limits. The content uniformity of Coronil was ascertained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results indicated that, validated methods were fit for their intended use and the analytical quality of Coronil was consistent across the batches. Taken together, these developed methods could drive the analytical quality control of herbal medicines such as Coronil, and other formulations containing similar chemical profiles.
Advanced data preprocessing for comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy detection
Authors: Lelevic Aleksandra , Souchon Vincent , Geantet Christophe , Lorentz Chantal , Moreaud Maxime 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet detection results in sizable data for which noise and baseline drift ought to be corrected. As the data is acquired from multiple channels, preprocessing steps have to be applied to the data from all channels while being robust and rather fast with respect to the significant size of the data. In this study, we have described advanced data preprocessing techniques for such data which were not available in the existing commercial software solutions and which were dedicated primarily to noise and baseline correction. Noise reduction was performed on both the spectral and the time dimension. For the baseline correction, a morphological approach based on iterated convolutions and rectifier operations was proposed. On the spectral dimension, much less noisy and reliable spectra were obtained. From a quantitative point of view, mentioned preprocessing steps significantly improved the signal‐to‐noise ratio for the analyte detection (circa six times in this study). These preprocessing methods were integrated into the plugim! platform (https://www.plugim.fr/).
Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction method combined with sugaring‐out homogeneous liquid‐liquid extraction for the determination of some pesticides in molasses samples
Authors: Yıldız Elif , Çabuk Hasan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a sensitive analytical method was developed to determine some pesticides (cyprodinil, trifloxystrobin, prometryn, propachlor, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and phosalone) in molasses samples. Pesticides were extracted from samples by dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction method combined with sugaring‐out homogeneous liquid‐liquid extraction and determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. In this method, pesticides in molasses samples were first extracted using a water‐miscible solvent (acetonitrile) in the sugaring‐out homogeneous liquid‐liquid extraction stage. The sugar in the ratio of 84–88% naturally contained in the molasses sample enabled phase separation in the acetonitrile‐water homogeneous mixture. Then acetonitrile phase containing pesticides was used as dispersing solvent in the second step of the process. Under the specified optimum conditions, the limit of detection was calculated between 0.8–6.1 ng/g and the limit of quantification was in the range of 2.5–20 ng/g. The relative standard deviation values of molasses samples containing 150 ng/g of each analyte were found to be lower than 4.9% intra‐day and 5.6% for inter‐day. This validated method has been successfully applied to different types of molasses.
Untargeted metabolomics coupled with chemometric analysis deducing robust markers for discrimination of processing procedures: Wine‐processed Angelica sinensis as a case study
Authors: Yin Haoran , Ni Hui , Zhang Linlin , Wu Wenyong , Wu Xingdong , Zhang Zijia , Long Huali , Lei Min , Hou Jinjun , Wu Wanying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWine‐processed Angelica Sinensis is a widely used Chinese medicinal decoction piece in China. However, there are hardly any robust markers indicating the processing procedure of wine‐processed Angelica Sinensis, including the amount of rice wine and processing degree. A strategy integrating untargeted metabolomics and chemometric analysis for deducing robust markers was provided and applied to the discrimination of processing procedure. First, 86 compounds were tentatively identified in wine‐processed Angelica Sinensis by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry. Second, 93 potential chemical markers were selected using multivariate analysis, among which nine robust chemical markers were selected by verification with commercial samples. Finally, the effects of processing temperature, time, and amount of rice wine on the three selected chemical markers were investigated through a rapid analytical method. It was demonstrated that both m/z 258.1097 and 238.1189 were positively correlated with the amount of rice wine and processing degree. In summary, this study introduced two candidate processing markers as robust markers for discriminating the processing procedures of wine‐processed Angelica sinensis. It also proposed a strategy to provide the reference for the research of other decoction pieces.
Feasibility Analysis of 3D Printing With Prenatal Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Fetal Abnormalities
Authors: Liang Jixiang , Ma Qiang , Zhao Xin , Pan Guangyu , Zhang Gen , Zhu Bin , Xue Yanfang , Li Dianyuan , Lu Bingheng 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and accuracy of 3D printing with prenatal three‐dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities.MethodsFetuses initially diagnosed with various abnormalities were included in this retrospective study. The fetuses were examined by 3DUS, modeled, and 3D printed, and the dimensional accuracy of the 3D prints was analyzed. The effectiveness, demand, necessity of 3D printing, and the diagnostic accuracy of different methods were analyzed based on questionnaire responses from 40 senior ultrasound doctors and 40 postgraduate students.ResultsA total of 12 fetuses with cleft lip and palate, spinal, heart, or brain abnormalities were included for detailed assessment. All deviations (mean deviation: 0.1 mm) between the original images and the final 3D prints lay within the consistency boundary (−1.12, 1.31 mm) (P > .05). In the subsequent analyses, 90.8% of the doctors and 94.2% of the students strongly agreed that 3D printing could precisely represent and depict fetal abnormalities. The average misdiagnosis rate of the doctors decreased from 5% to 0.4% after the application of 3D printing combined with 3DUS in comparison with 3DUS alone, and the corresponding value for the students dropped from 17.9% to 5.2%.ConclusionsThe errors in modeling and 3D printing based on 3DUS were within acceptable limits, and 3D printing improved the diagnosis of various fetal abnormalities.
High‐Frequency Ultrasound and Shear Wave Elastography in Quantitative Differential Diagnosis of High‐Risk and Low‐Risk Basal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Liang Jian‐Feng , Feng Ming‐Chu , Luo Ping‐Ping , Guan Jian‐Ying , Chen Gao‐Fei , Wu Shu‐Yi , Wang Jing , Feng Mu‐Yin 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the value of high‐frequency ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE) in quantitative differential diagnosis of high‐risk and low‐risk basal cell carcinomas (BCCs).MethodsA total of 52 BCCs confirmed by surgical pathology were studied. Taking pathologic subtypes as reference, all the cases were classified as high‐risk BCCs or low‐risk BCCs. High‐frequency ultrasound parameters and SWE parameters recorded preoperatively were retrospectively analyzed. The differences of two groups were compared.ResultsThere were 12 high‐risk BCCs and 40 low‐risk BCCs. The maximum infiltration depth (MID) and average Young's modulus (Eave) of high‐risk BCCs were 5.76 ± 2.56 mm and 31.61 ± 12.36 kPa, whereas of low‐risk BCCs were 4.29 ± 1.77 mm and 20.04 ± 4.74 kPa, respectively, P < .05. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of MID and Eave were 0.714 and 0.811, P > .05. Taking 5.5 mm of MID and 24.45 kPa of Eave as the threshold for the diagnosis of high‐risk BCCs, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 58.3%, 82.5%, 76.9% and 75.0%, 82.5%, 80.8%, P > .05.ConclusionsThe MID and Eave of the lesion can be used to determine the recurrence risk of BCCs and provide a reference for the development of individualized treatment plans.
Shoreward intrusion of oceanic surface waters alters physical and biological ocean structures on the Antarctic continental shelf during winter: Observations from instrumented seals
Authors: Kokubun Nobuo , Tanabe Yukiko , Hirano Daisuke , Mensah Vigan , Tamura Takeshi , Aoki Shigeru , Takahashi Akinori 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOcean circulation plays a key role in structuring marine ecosystems in the Southern Ocean. However, the seasonal dynamics of ocean circulation are poorly understood in the ice‐covered continental shelves due to difficulties in conducting observations. We, therefore, investigated spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic conditions and their biological effects on the continental shelf off East Antarctica (35°E–50°E) by deploying conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) tags on Weddell seals. The seals moved up to 633 km east from the tagging location. We successfully obtained 1254 CTD casts from seven seals. Winter Water (WW) was most prevalent (77.4% of the total data), followed by Supercooled Water (14.2%), Antarctic Surface Water (AASW: 7.4%), Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW; 0.9%), and Modified Shelf Water (0.1%). During our study period, landfast ice broke up extensively, and the easterly wind was most prevalent during autumn. AASW was observed in the subsurface layer over the shelf in autumn, suggesting that AASW intruded from the surface of off‐shelf areas through Ekman transport. Particular water masses (mCDW, AASW, and WW below the AASW) had positive effects on the seals' foraging behavior. These results highlight the importance of easterly wind‐driven shoreward intrusion of oceanic surface waters onto the shelf in autumn. This physical process may enhance transport and accumulation of additional prey and increase local prey availability during winter. Such a process may play important roles in the Antarctic coastal marine ecosystems that are influenced by landfast ice.
OVERCOMING US AND THEM DYNAMICS
Authors: Kriska Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe author, a cross‐cultural consultant, notes that organizational us and them dynamics are “defined not only by geography but by internal structures: sales versus marketing; front office versus back office; management versus non‐management. I saw how these gaps impacted employees, customers, Business‐to‐Business/B2B partners, and supplier relationships.” Her article focuses on “overcoming some of the obstacles to achieving cultural intelligence.” She describes the dynamics observed in her first job after college, working on an automobile assembly line for Honda in Marysville, Ohio. She then describes observations about organizations of all types across the globe; for instance, why many white‐collar workers consider themselves to be superior to blue collar workers. However, organizations are most successful when “employees are engaged and working toward the same goal,” and this means engagement of all types of employees, not just the highest‐compensated executives. She elaborates on such areas as equitable pay, an inclusion policy, “we‐building policy strategies,” and the following behavioral strategies: 1. Show enthusiasm for the entire team 2. Keep learning about other cultural groups 3. Prioritize cultural data before there is a crisis 4. Broaden the definition of culture 5. Bust the False Narrative that Proximity = Integration.
Preparation of PLA with High Impact‐Toughness and Reduced Internal Stress via Formation of Laminated, Bimodal Structure with Micro/Nanocells
Authors: Xiang Pei , Bi Siwen , Mei Fang , Deng Chang , Yu Dongdong , Chen Xuhang , Yu Peng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pressure‐induced‐flow (PIF) processing method is used to fabricate oriented, self‐toughening poly(lactic acid) (PIF‐PLA) with excellent mechanical properties. However, residual internal stress in PIF‐PLA may lead to their deformation and cracking. Hence, to eliminate internal stress, solid‐state supercritical carbon dioxide foaming (sc‐CO2 foaming) is applied to PIF‐PLA, with the resultant structure being called FOAM‐PLA. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the PLAs are characterized pre‐ and post‐foaming. Scanning electron microscopy results show PIF‐PLA to exhibit oriented texture structures composed of staggered microfibers. Following sc‐CO2 foaming, the PIF‐PLA is converted into a bimodal cellular structure consisting of micro and nano‐cells. According to the 2D wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectra results, this structure of the FOAM‐PLA can, through a marginal reduction of orientation, release significant amounts of internal stress. Moreover, the impact strength of FOAM‐PLA is found to be 32.7 kJ m−2, which is 10.2 times higher than that of crystalline PLA. This paper depicts the evolution of the PLA microstructure through the stages of PIF‐processing and the subsequent solid‐state sc‐CO2 foaming. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the internal stress reduction is promoted.