bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetically Generated Acoustic Noise in DC Machines
Authors: Hwang Sangmoon , Lieu Dennis K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Acoustic noise of generated in DC motors is difficult to predict, and its exact mechanism is unclear. It is a common observation that brushless DC motors with rare earth magnets are often acoustically inferior to motors of equivalent output built with conventional magnets. In this paper, the acoustic noise of electromagnetic origin is investigated using a magnetic frame which emulates a DC motor. The driving electromagnetic force is calculated using finite element analysis and the resulting vibration and acoustic noise is measured. Acoustic noise of purely electromagnetic origin was also measured from a DC brushless motor to confirm the results of the magnetic frame. The results of the study show that the mechanism of noise generation can be a quasi-static response of a stator not only at the fundamental frequency but also at higher harmonic frequencies of alternating switched DC excitation of motor phases. Noise generation is significantly aggravated when some of those harmonics match the resonant frequencies of the stator. Eddy current flow within the magnets due to the time varying electromagnetic field act as a shorted transformer secondary winding, and results in a reduction of the electrical phase impedance. This reduced impedance results in a faster rise time with a sharper current shape during transients, and increased current magnitude during steady state, thus making the motor noisier.
Consideration of Both Extensional and Shear Strain of Core Material in Modal Property Estimation of Sandwich Plates
Authors: Lee Byung-Chan , Kim Kwang-Joon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In vibration analysis of sandwich beam/plates, it is often assumed that there occurs shear deformation only, i.e. no extension or compression, in the core viscoelastic layer. Certainly, this assumption may have limitations, for example, with increase of the core thickness or frequency range of vibration. The purpose of this paper is to consider the extentional as well as shear strain of the core for modal parameter estimation of the sandwich plates and to investigate how much error will be caused by neglecting the extension or compression in the core material. Natural frequencies and modal loss factors are estimated for a simply supported square plates under each of the above two assumptions. Nondimensional characteristic equations are formulated and solved for various ratios of the base layer thickness to plate length, core to base layer thickness, and constraining layer to base layer thickness.
Reduction of Vibrations in Complex Structures With Viscoelastic Neutralizers: A Generalized Approach
Authors: de Espíndola J. J. , Bavastri C. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A general procedure for the optimization of the parameters of dynamic neutralizes is presented. It can be applied to the minimization of the vibration response and sound radiation of linear strutures subjected to excitations in a specified frequency range.
Modal theory and generalized equivalent quantity concept for the neutralizers, introduced by Espíndola and Silva (1992), are applied to a non-linear optimization scheme. The proposed procedure can be applied to relaxed and time invariant structures. It is not dependent on the struture complexity and the degree of discretization adopted.
In such conditions, a significant reduction in computing work is achieved, if compared with the more traditional methods.
Elastic Impedance Tomography
Authors: Nakamura Gen , Uhlmann Gunther 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As a mathematical model of nondestructive testing for an elastic medium we consider the inverse problem of determining the elastic tensor of the medium from its associated Dirichlet to Neumann map. This is an analogue to the inverse problem of electric impedance tomography which consists in determining the electrical conductivity of a medium from its associated Dirichlet to Neumann map. We give an overview of the recent developments on this area. We also give an application of the results to the inverse scattering problem at a fixed energy for an elastic medium.
An Efficient Approximated Algorithm for Balancing and Order Reduction of Lightly Damped Systems
Authors: Halevi Yoram 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A method of approximating the controllability gramian, observability gramian and the balancing transformation for lightly damped mechanical systems is presented, the approximation uses the special structure of the system and the fact that the damping is small to reduce the amount of computation considerably. Furthermore, one can avoid the calculation of the entire balancing transformation matrix and calculate only the parts that are required for order reduction. In cases where the reduced order is much smaller than the original that leads to another substantial reduction of computation effort.
Physical Parameter Identification of Laminates Based on Thermal Deformation Measurements
Authors: Konrad Werner , Caesar Bernd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High precision structures, as telescope mirrors for space applications, require high thermal stability and structural stiffness combined with low weight. Laminate structures with their special properties can satisfy these stringent requirements.
Model updating and physical parameter identification on the basis of measurements can be applied to optimize such structures or define correction measures w.r.t. manufacturing inaccuracies.
In classic update procedures correction factors are used to improve physical parameters. The definition of correction differences which are suitable for parameters with zero starting values or values changing from positive to negative as it may be the case for the layer orientations of a laminate is presented.
High precision structures require high accurate measuring methods for the test. Thermal deformations can be measured by holographic, interferometric methods with high precision in the μm range. An interferometric contour map can be compared with the nodal point displacements of a Finite Element model by special spline functions called Zernike’s polynomials.
The equations to determine the various design parameters or material properties may not be linear independent, depending on the applied thermal load case. The degree of correlation between the various parameters is investigated. The results are used to optimize the load case selection and to improve error localization methods.
The proposed method is applied to a segment of a high stability spherical mirror plate with real measuring data.
On Global Solvability of Nonlinear Equations with Parameters
Authors: Arutyunov A. V. , Zhukovskiy S. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider smooth mappings acting from one Banach space to another and depending on a parameter belonging to a topological space. Under various regularity assumptions, sufficient conditions for the existence of global and semilocal continuous inverse and implicit functions are obtained. We consider applications of these results to the problem of continuous extension of implicit functions and to the problem of coincidence points of smooth and continuous compact mappings.
Attracting new users or business as usual? A case study of converting academic subscription-based journals to open access
Authors: Wenaas Lars 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies a selection of 11 Norwegian journals in the humanities and social sciences and their conversion from subscription to open access, a move heavily incentivized by governmental mandates and open access policies. By investigating the journals’ visiting logs in the period 2014–2019, the study finds that a conversion to open access induces higher visiting numbers; all journals in the study had a significant increase, which can be attributed to the conversion. Converting a journal had no spillover in terms of increased visits to previously published articles still behind the paywall in the same journals. Visits from previously subscribing Norwegian higher education institutions did not account for the increase in visits, indicating that the increase must be accounted for by visitors from other sectors. The results could be relevant for policymakers concerning the effects of strict policies targeting economically vulnerable national journals, and could further inform journal owners and editors on the effects of converting to open access.
Post-anticoagulant D-dimer is a highly prognostic biomarker of COVID-19 mortality
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Ji Jiayi , Reva Boris , Joshi Himanshu , Calinawan Anna Pamela , Mazumdar Madhu , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Taioli Emanuela , Wang Pei , Veluswamy Rajwanth R. 
Published: March 2021

Clinical biomarkers that accurately predict mortality are needed for the effective management of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. In this study, we determine whether changes in D-dimer levels after anticoagulation are independently predictive of in-hospital mortality.
Adult patients hospitalised for severe COVID-19 who received therapeutic anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis were identified from a large COVID-19 database of the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City (NY, USA). We studied the ability of post-anticoagulant D-dimer levels to predict in-hospital mortality, while taking into consideration 65 other clinically important covariates including patient demographics, comorbidities, vital signs and several laboratory tests.
1835 adult patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who received therapeutic anticoagulation during hospitalisation were included. Overall, 26% of patients died in the hospital. Significantly different in-hospital mortality rates were observed in patient groups based on mean D-dimer levels and trend following anticoagulation: 49% for the high mean-increase trend group; 27% for the high-decrease group; 21% for the low-increase group; and 9% for the low-decrease group (p<0.001). Using penalised logistic regression models to simultaneously analyse 67 clinical variables, the high increase (adjusted odds ratios (OR
adj
): 6.58, 95% CI 3.81�11.16), low increase (OR
adj
: 4.06, 95% CI 2.23�7.38) and high decrease (OR
adj
: 2.37; 95% CI 1.37�4.09) D-dimer groups (reference: low decrease group) had the highest odds for in-hospital mortality among all clinical features.
Changes in D-dimer levels and trend following anticoagulation are highly predictive of in-hospital mortality and may help guide resource allocation and future studies of emerging treatments for severe COVID-19.
Exploring and understanding HCV patient journeys- HEPCARE Europe project
Authors: Glaspy Shannon , Avramovic Gordana , McHugh Tina , Oprea Cristiana , Surey Julian , Ianache Irina , Macías Juan , Story Alistair , Cullen Walter , Lambert John S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a leading cause for chronic liver diseases worldwide. The European Union and World Health Organization aspire to eliminate HCV by 2030. However, among at-risk populations, including, homeless people, prisoners and People Who Inject Drugs, access to diagnosis and treatment is challenging. Hepcare Europe is an integrated model of care developed to address this by assessing potential reasons for these restrictions and determining measures needed to improve HCV diagnosis, treatment and access to care within different communities.

Objectives
HepCare Europe is an EU-supported project involving collaboration between five institutions in: Ireland, United Kingdom, Spain and Romania. We aim to explore the journey of care experienced by those living with HCV with a focus on previous care disruptions (loss to follow up) and the new HepCare Europe Programme.

Methods
Research teams conducted semi-structured interviews with patients who accessed services through HepCare Europe thus, patients were recruited by purposeful sampling. Patients interviewed had received, or were in the final weeks of receiving, treatment. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and translated into English, and sent to the Dublin team for inductive thematic analysis. Researchers from the HepCare Europe research team coded the data separately, then together.

Results
Common themes are introduced to present similarities, following individual site themes to highlight the importance of tailored interventions for each country. Key themes are: 1) Hepatitis C patients lost to follow up 2) HepCare improved access to treatment and 3) the need for improved HCV education. Individual themes also emerged for each site. These are: Ireland: New opportunities associated with achieving Sustained Virologic Responses (SVR). Romania: HCV is comparatively less crucial in light of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) coinfections. UK: Patients desire support to overcome social barriers and Spain: Improved awareness of HCV, treatment and alcohol use.

Conclusion
This study identified how the tailored HepCare interventions enabled improved HCV testing and linkage to care outcomes for these patients. Tailored interventions that targeted the needs of patients, increased the acceptability and success of treatment by patients. HepCare demonstrated the need for flexibility in treatment delivery, and provided additional supports to keep patients engaged and educated on new treatment therapies.
Experimental and computational studies of an antiplasmodial derivative of allantoin; antimycobacterial essential oil from Cordia batesii WERNHAM (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Tiam Eric Robert , Bikobo Dominique Serge Ngono , Ndassa Ibrahim Mbouombouo , Nyemeck II Norbert Mbabi , A Zintchem Auguste Abouem , Ayong Lawrence , Diboué Patrick Hervé Betote , Ndjakou Bruno Lenta , Mbing Joséphine Ngo , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Chemical and pharmacological investigations were performed on the stems of Cordia batesii (Boraginaeae); chemical studies included quantum calculations applied on a newly described compound.

Results
A new derivative of allantoin (1) named batesiin (2) was characterized. Thirteen other known compounds involving allantoin (1) were either isolated or identified. GC–MS enabled the identification of six compounds from a fraction containing essential oil. MeOH extract and some isolated compounds were tested in vitro against Pf7G8 CQS and Pf Dd2 CQR strains of Plasmodium falciparum; extract disclosed a moderate antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 50 μg mL−1). Meantime, the CH2Cl2 extract and essential oil fraction were tested on a resistant mycobacterial strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; a potent antimycobacterial activity with a MIC = 9.52 μg mL−1 was deduced from essential oil. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried on batesiin (2). Calculated chemical shifts at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and MPW1PW91/6-31G+(d,p) showed much better correlations with the experimental data. Time dependent DFT at B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) displayed a major absorption band 3.01 nm higher than the experimental value.

Conclusion
Cordia batesii can be considered as promising in search of compounds with antimalarial and antitubercular properties. DFT studies are very helpful when trying to learn more about the spectroscopic insights of a derivative of allantoin (1).
Depression and psychosocial burden among caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mahmoud Dalia Abdel Moneim , Saad Ahmed , Abdelhamid Yasmine Hassan , El Hawary Yomna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
More attention has recently targeted families of children with chronic kidney diseases displaying depressive symptoms and major psychosocial burden due to the long-standing nature of the illness and its alarming complications. A cross sectional comparative study was conducted to assess the rate of occurrence of both depression severity and psychological burden, personal and role strain in a sample of Egyptian caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease.

Results
Thirty caregivers of children with CKD were enrolled compared to 30 matched controls during a 6-month period. A short pre-designed sheet including socio-demographic data, and general medical, psychiatric and family history was used, and Beck Depression Inventory, Zarit Burden Interview, Holmes and Rahe Socioeconomic Stress Scale, and Occupational Stress Questionnaire were answered.
More than half of the caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease reported moderate depression (53.3%), while 30% and 16.7% reported mild and severe depression respectively. The majority of cases 80% had moderate psychological burden. And 70% of cases reported minimal socioeconomic stress compared to 40% in the control. Logistic regression analysis showed that ZBI and SRRS scores were significantly linked to depression and burden found in caregivers of children with CKD (P = 0.001 and 0.031) respectively.

Conclusion
The rate of occurrence of depression and psychological burden is significantly high in caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease; therefore, this population must be assessed and provided with liaison psychological rehabilitation.
Impact of COVID-19 infodemic on psychological wellbeing and vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Samal Janmejaya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
With COVID-19 pandemic, the world has witnessed a scenario that is unique compared to any other such pandemic that the world has grappled with. This is primarily owing to the parallel infodemic that the population faced with disinformation and misinformation explosion in several platforms that an individual can access.

Main body
The myriad of information that everyone in the world received acted as double-edged sword as some information helped individuals in allying the anxiety and stigma and motivated them for appropriate COVID-19 behavior; however, on the other hand, the same acted opposite and created a whole lot of negative problems in the community. The misinformation regarding the disease is not only limited to what has happened so far in the realm of prevention and control rather the same is also plaguing the efforts towards effective vaccine uptake.

Conclusion
With the technological and media advancement, it is getting difficult to ward off every misinformation that is getting received at individual end which is obviously detrimental in the efforts toward effective vaccine acceptance; however, measures need to be taken at appropriate level to curb this menace of infodemic to relax the world from the clutch of this pandemic. This article looks at the impact of the misinformation and disinformation on psychological wellbeing and vaccine acceptance and suggests remedial measures.
Managing foot care for people with diabetes
Authors: Robbie Jayne 
Published: March 2021

Foot ulceration in people living with diabetes has a major impact on morbidity, mortality and quality of life. Jayne Robbie explains the role practice nurses can play in identifying this time-sensitive condition Foot ulceration is the foremost cause of hospital admissions in people living with diabetes, with increasing incidence of wound infection on initial presentation over the past 5 years. This has also been associated with an up to 10-fold increase in cost and poor outcomes, with increasing length of bed stays and recurrence, with approximately 80% of major amputations being preceded by ulceration. Foot ulcers are prone to rapidly spreading infection, resulting in overwhelming tissue destruction and often necessitating major amputation, which as well as being limb threatening, is also life-limiting, as only around 50% of patients survive for 2 years after major amputation occurring as a result of diabetes. The importance of multi-professional working and robust care pathways will ensure that patients have access to the right medical interventions at the optimum time, with evidence demonstrating that early referral to specialist care reduces amputation rates and times to healing and that multi-professional teamworking (inpatient and community-based/outpatient) can reduce both hospital admissions and amputation rates. Nurses working in general practice have a key role to play in improving outcomes for people living with diabetes.
A multicentre, randomized, parallel group, superiority study to compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of external frame versus internal locking plate for complete articular pilon fracture fixation in adults
Authors: Flett Lydia , Adamson Joy , Barron Elizabeth , Brealey Stephen , Corbacho Belen , Costa Matthew L. , Gedney Graham , Giotakis Nikolaos , Hewitt Catherine , Hugill-Jones Jessica , Hukins Deborah , Keding Ada , McDaid Catriona , Mitchell Alex , Northgraves Matthew , O'Carroll Grace , Parker Adwoa , Scantlebury Arabella , Stobbart Lynne , Torgerson David , Turner Emma , Welch Charlie , Sharma Hemant 
Published: March 2021

AimsA pilon fracture is a severe ankle joint injury caused by high-energy trauma, typically affecting men of working age. Although relatively uncommon (5% to 7% of all tibial fractures), this injury causes among the worst functional and health outcomes of any skeletal injury, with a high risk of serious complications and long-term disability, and with devastating consequences on patients’ quality of life and financial prospects. Robust evidence to guide treatment is currently lacking. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of two surgical interventions that are most commonly used to treat pilon fractures.MethodsA randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 334 adult patients diagnosed with a closed type C pilon fracture will be conducted. Internal locking plate fixation will be compared with external frame fixation. The primary outcome and endpoint will be the Disability Rating Index (a patient self-reported assessment of physical disability) at 12 months. This will also be measured at baseline, three, six, and 24 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes include the Olerud and Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), the five-level EuroQol five-dimenison score (EQ-5D-5L), complications (including bone healing), resource use, work impact, and patient treatment preference. The acceptability of the treatments and study design to patients and health care professionals will be explored through qualitative methods.DiscussionThe two treatments being compared are the most commonly used for this injury, however there is uncertainty over which is most clinically and cost-effective. The Articular Pilon Fracture (ACTIVE) Trial is a sufficiently powered and rigorously designed study to inform clinical decisions for the treatment of adults with this injury. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(3):150–163.