bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Transverse Vibrations of Rectangular Orthotropic Plates
Authors: Huffington N. J. , Hoppmann W. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Frequency equations and modal eigenfunctions have been determined for the flexural vibrations of rectangular plates of orthotropic material, for those cases which may be treated by the method of M. Lévy (1). In addition, for a broader class of boundary-value problems, an orthogonality criterion for the eigenfunctions has been established and relations for the kinetic and potential energies derived. The value of these energy functions in dealing with forced vibrations is demonstrated.
Analysis of the Thermoelectric Effects by Methods of Irreversible Thermodynamics
Authors: Hatsopoulos G. N. , Keenan J. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
By means of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, three thermoelectric quantities, namely, the Thomson coefficient, the Peltier coefficient, and the electromotive force of a thermocouple, are each expressed in terms of a pure temperature function h which is the difference between the isothermal energy flux in a conductor per unit electrical current and the electrochemical potential of the unit electrical charge. The Kelvin relations for the thermocouple follow directly.
The Effect of Product of Inertia Coupling on the Natural Frequencies of a Rigid Body on Resilient Supports
Authors: Crede C. E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A rigid body on resilient supports has six natural frequencies, some or all of which are in coupled modes if there is nonsymmetry. The analysis in this paper considers the coupling introduced by the product of inertia when the principal axes of inertia of the rigid body and the principal elastic axes of the resilent supports are not parallel. A typical case is considered in detail, and a procedure suitable for engineering use is presented for evaluating the effect of product of inertia coupling.
The influence of pain, kinesiophobia and psychological comorbidities on the accuracy of rating of perceived exertion in UK military spinal rehabilitation
Authors: Conway Dean , Bliss A , Patterson S D 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionChronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability in the UK Military. Pain and psychological comorbidities have been reported to influence the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Exercise rehabilitation can be monitored using RPE; however, the accuracy of RPE in inpatient CLBP rehabilitation is unknown.MethodsA prospective cohort correlation study of 40 UK Military inpatients with CLBP was completed. Disability (ODI), kinesiophobia (TSK), anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) were subjectively reported at the beginning and end of a 3 week intervention. Pain (VAS) and HR were recorded in the first aerobic exercise (AE) session (T1) and the final aerobic exercise session (T2). RPE was reported for each AE session.ResultsAt T1, a positive correlation was observed between RPE accuracy (−7.2±20.9), and pre-exercise pain (2.7 mm ±1.6 mm) (p>0.001) and ODI (31.0±16.9) (p>0.05), and a negative relationship between RPE accuracy and average HR (135 bpm ±22 bpm) (p>0.001) was observed. At T2, there was no significant correlation between RPE accuracy (−4.4±22.6) and pre-exercise pain (2.8 mm ±1.6 mm) or ODI (34.0±16.5) (p>0.05). The strong negative relationship between RPE accuracy and average HR (137 bpm ±20 bpm) remained at T2. Improved RPE accuracy over the 3-week rehabilitation programme was correlated to the change in average HR (r=−0.314, p<0.05).ConclusionsComorbidities may negatively affect RPE accuracy in CLBP, but the magnitude of the influence reduces over intensive rehabilitation.
Examining novice anaesthesia trainee simulation performance: a tale of two clusters
Authors: Daly Guris Rodrigo J , Miller Christina R , Schiavi Adam , Toy Serkan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionUnderstanding performance differences between learners may provide useful context for optimising medical education. This pilot study aimed to explore a technique to contextualise performance differences through retrospective secondary analyses of two randomised controlled simulation studies. One study focused on speaking up (non-technical skill); the other focused on oxygen desaturation management (technical skill).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from two independent simulation studies conducted in 2017 and 2018. We used multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis to explore whether participants in each study formed homogenous performance clusters. We then used mixed-design analyses of variance and χ2 analyses to examine whether reported task load differences or demographic variables were associated with cluster membership.ResultsIn both instances, a two-cluster solution emerged; one cluster represented trainees exhibiting higher performance relative to peers in the second cluster. Cluster membership was independent of experimental allocation in each of the original studies. There were no discernible demographic differences between cluster members. Performance differences between clusters persisted for at least 8 months for the non-technical skill but quickly disappeared following simulation training for the technical skill. High performers in speaking up initially reported lower task load than standard performers, a difference that disappeared over time. There was no association between performance and task load during desaturation management.ConclusionThis pilot study suggests that cluster analysis can be used to objectively identify high-performing trainees for both a technical and a non-technical skill as observed in a simulated clinical setting. Non-technical skills may be more difficult to teach and retain than purely technical ones, and there may be an association between task load and initial non-technical performance. Further study is needed to understand what factors may confer inherent performance advantages, whether these advantages translate to clinical performance and how curricula can best be designed to drive targeted improvement for individual trainees.
A novel hybrid aircraft propulsion based on the DEA compressor—Part A: Design
Authors: Aryana Babak 
Published: June 2021

This two-part article introduces a novel hybrid propulsion system based on the DEA compressor. The system encompasses a Pulse Detonation TurboDEA as the master engine that supplies several full-electric ancillary thrusters called DEAThruster. The system, called the propulsion set, can be categorized as a distributed propulsion system based on the design mission and number of ancillary thrusters. Part A of this article explains the design process comprising intake, compressor, detonation process, diffuser, axial turbine, and the exit nozzle. The main target is to design a high-performance low emission propulsion system capable of serving in a wide range of altitudes and flight Mach numbers that covers altitudes up to 20,000 m and flight Mach number up to the hypersonic edge. Designing the propulsion set, the design point is considered at the static condition in the sea level. Design results show the propulsion set can satisfy all requirements necessary for its mission.
Posterior choroidal fluid loculation in central serous chorioretinopathy presenting as a choroidal elevation: A rare Pachychoroid phenotype
Authors: Manayath George J , Balan Reshma , Ranjan Ratnesh , Saravanan Veerappan R , Narendran Venkatapathy 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To describe an unusual variant of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) presenting as a choroidal elevation with subretinal fluid and its response to accepted treatment modalities of CSC. Design: A retrospective case series. Subjects: Six eyes of three patients, two males and one female, with a mean age of 55.3 years, were included in the study. All of them had Pachychoroid features, solitary choroidal elevation and subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT); none of the patients had a previous episode of CSC. Methods: Patients were studied with biomicroscopy, ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. Systemic evaluation to rule out inflammatory and infective pathologies, and an oncologist referral also was done. Patients were managed in the line of central serous chorioretinopathy, using conservative treatment, focal laser and oral eplerenone. Main outcome measures: Resolution of subretinal fluid and choroidal elevation. Results: Complete resolution of choroidal elevation and subretinal fluid was noted in all the three patients. There was no recurrence till the end of follow-up. Conclusion: Pachychoroid disease may present as solitary choroidal elevation with subretinal fluid due to exaggerated posterior choroidal fluid loculation and has a favourable outcome. However, it should be considered after exclusion of other differential diagnoses.
Contribution of serum anti-Müllerian hormone in the management of azoospermia and the prediction of testicular sperm retrieval outcomes: a study of 155 adult men
Authors: Benderradji Hamza , Prasivoravong Julie , Marcelli François , Barbotin Anne-Laure , Catteau-Jonard Sophie , Marchetti Carole , Guittard Catherine , Puech Philippe , Mitchell Valérie , Rigot Jean-Marc , Villers Arnauld , Pigny Pascal , Leroy Clara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is the method of choice for recovering spermatozoa in patients with azoospermia. However, the lack of reliable biomarkers makes it impossible to predict sperm retrieval outcomes at TESE. To date, little attention has been given to anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) serum levels in adult men with altered spermatogenesis. In this study we aimed to investigate whether serum concentrations of AMH and the AMH to total testosterone ratio (AMH/T) might be predictive factors for sperm retrieval outcomes during TESE in a cohort of 155 adult Caucasian men with azoospermia.

Results
AMH serum levels were significantly lower in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) that was unexplained, cryptorchidism-related, cytotoxic and genetic (medians [pmol/l] = 30.1; 21.8; 26.7; 7.3; and p = 0.02; 0.001; 0.04; <0.0001, respectively]) compared with obstructive azoospermia (OA) (median = 44.8 pmol/l). Lowest values were observed in cases of genetic NOA (p < 0.0001, compared with unexplained NOA) and especially in individuals with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome (median = 2.3 pmol/l, p <0.0001). Medians of AMH/T values were significantly lower in genetic NOA compared to unexplained, cryptorchidism-related NOA as well as OA. Only serum concentrations of AMH differed significantly between positive and negative groups in men with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. The optimal cut-off of serum AMH was set at 2.5 pmol/l. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of this cut-off to predict negative outcomes of SR were 100 %, 76.9 %, 66.6 %, 100 and 84.2 %, respectively.

Conclusions
Serum AMH levels, but not AMH/T values, are a good marker for Sertoli and germ cell population dysfunction in adult Caucasian men with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome and could help us to predict negative outcomes of SR at TESE with 100 % sensitivity when serum levels of AMH are below 2.5 pmol/l.
A machine learning framework that integrates multi-omics data predicts cancer-related LncRNAs
Authors: Yuan Lin , Zhao Jing , Sun Tao , Shen Zhen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
LncRNAs (Long non-coding RNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA molecule with transcript length longer than 200 nucleotides. LncRNA has been novel candidate biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, it is difficult to discover the true association mechanism between lncRNAs and complex diseases. The unprecedented enrichment of multi-omics data and the rapid development of machine learning technology provide us with the opportunity to design a machine learning framework to study the relationship between lncRNAs and complex diseases.

Results
In this article, we proposed a new machine learning approach, namely LGDLDA (LncRNA-Gene-Disease association networks based LncRNA-Disease Association prediction), for disease-related lncRNAs association prediction based multi-omics data, machine learning methods and neural network neighborhood information aggregation. Firstly, LGDLDA calculates the similarity matrix of lncRNA, gene and disease respectively, and it calculates the similarity between lncRNAs through the lncRNA expression profile matrix, lncRNA-miRNA interaction matrix and lncRNA-protein interaction matrix. We obtain gene similarity matrix by calculating the lncRNA-gene association matrix and the gene-disease association matrix, and we obtain disease similarity matrix by calculating the disease ontology, the disease-miRNA association matrix, and Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity. Secondly, LGDLDA integrates the neighborhood information in similarity matrices by using nonlinear feature learning of neural network. Thirdly, LGDLDA uses embedded node representations to approximate the observed matrices. Finally, LGDLDA ranks candidate lncRNA-disease pairs and then selects potential disease-related lncRNAs.

Conclusions
Compared with lncRNA-disease prediction methods, our proposed method takes into account more critical information and obtains the performance improvement cancer-related lncRNA predictions. Randomly split data experiment results show that the stability of LGDLDA is better than IDHI-MIRW, NCPLDA, LncDisAP and NCPHLDA. The results on different simulation data sets show that LGDLDA can accurately and effectively predict the disease-related lncRNAs. Furthermore, we applied the method to three real cancer data including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer to predict potential cancer-related lncRNAs.
Plankton classification with high-throughput submersible holographic microscopy and transfer learning
Authors: MacNeil Liam , Missan Sergey , Luo Junliang , Trappenberg Thomas , LaRoche Julie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Plankton are foundational to marine food webs and an important feature for characterizing ocean health. Recent developments in quantitative imaging devices provide in-flow high-throughput sampling from bulk volumes—opening new ecological challenges exploring microbial eukaryotic variation and diversity, alongside technical hurdles to automate classification from large datasets. However, a limited number of deployable imaging instruments have been coupled with the most prominent classification algorithms—effectively limiting the extraction of curated observations from field deployments. Holography offers relatively simple coherent microscopy designs with non-intrusive 3-D image information, and rapid frame rates that support data-driven plankton imaging tasks. Classification benchmarks across different domains have been set with transfer learning approaches, focused on repurposing pre-trained, state-of-the-art deep learning models as classifiers to learn new image features without protracted model training times. Combining the data production of holography, digital image processing, and computer vision could improve in-situ monitoring of plankton communities and contribute to sampling the diversity of microbial eukaryotes.

Results
Here we use a light and portable digital in-line holographic microscope (The HoloSea) with maximum optical resolution of 1.5 μm, intensity-based object detection through a volume, and four different pre-trained convolutional neural networks to classify > 3800 micro-mesoplankton (> 20 μm) images across 19 classes. The maximum classifier performance was quickly achieved for each convolutional neural network during training and reached F1-scores > 89%. Taking classification further, we show that off-the-shelf classifiers perform strongly across every decision threshold for ranking a majority of the plankton classes.

Conclusion
These results show compelling baselines for classifying holographic plankton images, both rare and plentiful, including several dinoflagellate and diatom groups. These results also support a broader potential for deployable holographic microscopes to sample diverse microbial eukaryotic communities, and its use for high-throughput plankton monitoring.
Positive selection on the MHC class II DLA-DQA1 gene in golden jackals (Canis aureus) from their recent expansion range in Europe and its effect on their body mass index
Authors: Stefanović Milomir , Ćirović Duško , Bogdanović Neda , Knauer Felix , Heltai Miklós , Szabó László , Lanszki József , Zhelev Chavdar Dinev , Schaschl Helmut , Suchentrunk Franz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Europe, golden jackals (Canis aureus) have been expanding their range out of the southern and southeastern Balkans towards central Europe continually since the 1960s. Here, we investigated the level of functional diversity at the MHC class IIDLA-DQA1exon 2 in golden jackal populations from Bulgaria, Serbia, and Hungary. Specifically, we tested for positive selection on and geographic variation at that locus due to adaptation to supposedly regionally varying pathogenic landscapes. To test for potential fitness effects of different protein variants on individual body condition, we used linear modeling of individual body mass indexes (bmi) and accounted for possible age, sex, geographical, and climatic effects. The latter approach was performed, however, only on Serbian individuals with appropriate data.ResultsOnly three differentDLA-DQA1alleles were detected, all coding for different amino-acid sequences. The neutrality tests revealed no significant but positive values; there was no signal of spatial structuring and no deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium across the studied range of expansion. However, we found a signal of trans-species polymorphism and significant test results for positive selection on three codons. Our information-theory based linear modeling results indicated an effect of ambient temperature on the occurrence of individualDLA-DQA1genotypes in individuals from across the studied expansion range, independent from geographical position. Our linear modeling results of individual bmi values indicated that yearlings homozygous forDLA-DQA1*03001reached values typical for adults contrary to yearlings carrying other genotypes (protein combinations). This suggested better growth rates and thus a possible fitness advantage of yearlings homozygous forDLA-DQA1*03001.ConclusionsOur results indicate a demographic (stochastic) signal of reducedDLA-DQA1exon 2 variation, in line with the documented historical demographic bottleneck. At the same time, however, allelic variation was also affected by positive selection and adaptation to varying ambient temperature, supposedly reflecting geographic variation in the pathogenic landscape. Moreover, an allele effect on body mass index values of yearlings suggested differential fitness associated with growth rates. Overall, a combination of a stochastic effect and positive selection has shaped and is still shaping the variation at the studied MHC locus.
Preoperative prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative infectious complications and oncological outcomes after hepatectomy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Matsuda Tatsuo , Umeda Yuzo , Matsuda Tadakazu , Endo Yoshikatsu , Sato Daisuke , Kojima Toru , Sui Kenta , Inagaki Masaru , Ota Tetsuya , Hioki Masayoshi , Oishi Masahiro , Kimura Masashi , Murata Toshihiro , Ishido Nobuhiro , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
In the surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), postoperative complications may be predictive of long-term survival. This study aimed to identify an immune-nutritional index (INI) that can be used for preoperative prediction of complications.

Patients and methods
Multi-institutional data from 316 patients with ICC who had undergone surgical resection were retrospectively analysed, with a focus on various preoperative INIs.

Results
Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III–V) were identified in 66 patients (20.8%), including Grade V complications in 7 patients (2.2%). Comparison of areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) among various INIs identified the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as offering the highest predictive value for severe complications (AUC = 0.609, cut-off = 50, P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed PNI <  50 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, P = 0.013), hilar lesion (OR = 2.46, P = 0.026), and long operation time (OR = 1.003, P = 0.029) as independent risk factors for severe complications. In comparing a high-PNI group (PNI ≥ 50, n = 142) and a low-PNI group (PNI <  50, n = 174), the low-PNI group showed higher rates of both major complications (27% vs. 13.4%; P = 0.003) and infectious complications (14.9% vs. 3.5%; P = 0.0021). Furthermore, median survival time and 1- and 5-year overall survival rates were 34.2 months and 77.4 and 33.8% in the low-PNI group, respectively, and 52.4 months and 89.3 and 47.5% in the high-PNI group, respectively (P = 0.0017).

Conclusion
Preoperative PNI appears useful as an INI correlating with postoperative severe complications and as a prognostic indicator for ICC.
Intracardic migration of Kirschner wire from the right sternoclavicular joint: a case report
Authors: Wang Peng , Chen Cong , Liu Bo , Wang Xiaokang , Jiang Wei , Chu Xiangquan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Migration of wires and pins within the heart is an uncommon complication. Intracardic migration of Kirschner wire can cause several complications.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency service with dyspnea, stabbing chest pain. The patient’s medical history showed that he had undergone a fixation operation using Kirschner wire and plate for treatment of the right sternoclavicular joint dislocation about 5 months prior. Chest computerized tomography revealed a metallic foreign body locating in the pericardium between the aorta and the right ventricle. There were not any serious complications occurred before operation due to the timely detection of potential risks. Removal of the wire was performed via median sternotomy under general anesthesia without cardiopulmonary bypass. The symptoms of dyspnea and chest pain were relieved after surgery, and the patient recovered without any complications.

Conclusion
The Kirschner wire should be used judiciously in amphiarthrosis in orthopedic surgery for the risk of breakage and migration. The possibility of intracardiac migration of wire should be considered when chest symptoms presenting after surgery with the Kirschner wire. Migrated wires must be removed immediately to prevent serious complications. Regular follow-up and early removal of fixation wires are recommended to prevent migration of wires.