bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The grain parameters determination based on elements of the elasticity theory
Authors: Trotsenko V V , Trotsenko I V , Komendantova N V , Babariko A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The grain of agricultural crops during the machine process undergoes loads exceeding the permissible ones, as a result of which, under the influence of the mechanisms’ units, the grain material becomes damaged. The paper is devoted to search of the solution for the problem of reducing the grain mechanical damages which appears when the seeds pass through the machining. Using buckwheat as an example, the author considers the application of methods of the theory of elasticity in order to assess the magnitudes of stresses arising in caryopses under their force loading. In this regard, it is recommended to represent the grain model of this crop in the form of a cylindrical trihedron. The text of the work contains the experimentally proven correspondence of the volume of the proposed model to the real one, depending on the humidity conditions, the value of the elastic modulus is determined. The considered method for assessing the magnitudes of stresses at a known value of the compressive force and the shape of the seed makes it possible to take into account the design parameters when designing agricultural machines.
Determining the theoretical trajectory of the centre of tractor’s mass when turning in a combined way
Authors: Belyaev A N , Shatsky V P , Trishina T V , Vysotskaya I A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the ways to increase the stability of movement and improve the manoeuvrability and controllability of a wheeled universal row-crop tractor in curvilinear motion is the choice of a rational turning method. To solve the tasks, the authors proposed a combined method of turning the tractor, which consists in crabbing in the entry into the rotation, after which the rear wheels automatically return to the neutral position and then the direction of movement in the established rotation and exit from the rotation uses front steering wheels. The article developed a methodology for determining the theoretical trajectory of the centre of mass of a wheeled tractor with a combined method of rotation for the three distinct sections of the movement included in it. Based on the conditions of smoothness and continuity, we glued together three characteristic sections of the curvilinear trajectory of the centre of mass and obtained a continuous non-linear piecewise smooth function of the investigated combined rotation method. It is possible to apply the research results for theoretical calculations of the parameters for the curvilinear motion of tractors, as well as other wheeled vehicles, that allows choosing rational laws to change the speed and control modes of turning the wheels, to identify the patterns of change for ensuring the necessary stability, manoeuvrability and controllability and confirming effectiveness in comparison with known and previously investigated laws.
Mathematical model for studying the operation of a machine-tractor unit with a tractor «DT-175S» with an elastic element in the linkage system
Authors: Kuznetsov N G , Shatokhin A A , Nekhoroshev D D , Fomin S D , Nekhoroshev D A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe increase in engine power and the speed of movement of the machine-tractor unit leads to an increase in the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the hook force. At the same time, the magnitude of these effects depends on fluctuations in the hook load, the nature of the work process, the dynamics of operating modes and the frequency properties of the transmission. Reducing the nature of transient dynamic loads can be achieved by using elastic connections in the tractor structure. The issues of a rational combination of increased operating power of the engine with a simultaneous decrease in dynamic loads in the transmission exacerbate the problem of choosing rational modes of operation of the machine-tractor unit. Uneven hook load causes fluctuations in the engine crankshaft rotation speed, an increase in the load on the transmission parts and, consequently, a decrease in power and an increase in engine fuel consumption. Therefore, to protect the transmission from vibrations that occur in the engine-transmission system, special damping devices are used. A characteristic feature of the device, which is the possibility of using elastic - damping elements, allowing to reduce the frequency of natural vibrations of the transmission.
Structural and process parameters and operation principles of a precision watering device to be used on seeds during the sowing
Authors: Olgarenko V. Ig. , Babichev A. N. , Monastyrskiy V. A. , Sukharev D. V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of the research is in providing justification to application of precision watering technology with intermittent stream under pressure that falls onto a seedbed when sowing various crops. A possibility to precisely regulate the dose of water or solution under pressure determines its efficient and uniform use together with arrangement for independent operation of equipment. The paper details the mechanism, algorithm and method of operation, as well as gives conclusions on its use. Field experience is provided from studying germination rate and yield of garden beet with stream subsurface watering simultaneous with sowing. Increased concentration were considered for watering the seedbed, from 0.05 to 0.3% in five variants (0.05, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0%) with the sixth variant being the control without subsurface watering. It has been established that when changing the solution concentration from 0.05 to 0.3%, yield and field germination rate on average increased by 18.2% and 14.1 % respectively through the years of the research. Application of the sowing machine facilitates shortening of the sowing-sprouts period, optimizing the operation of the agricultural machine.
Development of automatic milking systems and their classification
Authors: Sharipov D R , Yakimov O A , Gainullina M K , Kashaeva A R , Kamaldinov I N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the history of the development of automatic milking systems and their classification. The objects of study were automatic milking systems that are used in world practice. The analysis of automatic milking systems showed that they have technological and design differences. Technological and design features of automatic milking systems such as “Astronaut A4”, “VMS”, “M2erlin”, “MR-S2”, “MR-D2”, “RDS FutureLine”, “Galaxy Starline” and “Mlone” were considered in working out of this classification. The studies have shown that the existing automatic milking systems differ in the number of milking boxes and their location, type of robot arm, drive control of robot arm, robot arm location, decision of cleaning the teats and stimulating milk flow, decision of entry and exit of cows from the milking boxes.
Mathematical model of passive withdrawal of a tractor unit
Authors: Troyanovskaya I P , Zhakov A O , Starunova I N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article reveals the construction of a mathematical model for pulling a tractor unit under the influence of external off-centre forces. The model describes the movement of the tractor and takes into account the force interaction of the tractor propulsion with the soil, as well as the properties of the soil. The construction of a mathematical model of passive removal is based on a combination of two types of movement: controlled and uncontrolled. External forces distort the straight-line trajectory of the tractor. The machine operator is forced to make changes to the control constantly. This entails increased operator fatigue. A mathematical model can be used to design an automated control system. Such a system will automatically correct the rectilinear movement of the tractor. Correcting rectilinear movement is to automatically return the machine to a straight path. The mathematical model allows the analysis of passive withdrawal factors. Such factors include: the modulus of the external resistance force, its direction, and the point of application. Thus, the aim of the study is to build a mathematical model for the removal of the tractor unit under the influence of external off-centre forces. Note that the mathematical model can be applied to the following cases: ploughing operation, dozer blade angle, lying of roadsides with a grader. Improvement of this mathematical model may open up possibilities for studying other issues of passive removal.
Use of technical means to increase the productivity of poultry meat products
Authors: Vyazenen G N , Gritsai E N , Razaev S V , Vyazenen A G , Barashkov A E , Foschenkova V T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When raising broiler chickens of the Hubbard cross at 35 days with a large-group cage method of keeping, it is possible to increase the usefulness of diets and feeding due to optimal levels of metabolic energy (MJ/100g) depending on age and body weight: 1.25 – on 0-10 day, 1.28 – on 11-20 day, 1.30 – on 21-33 day and 1.33 – on 34 day and before slaughter. When they are grown, the content of raw organic nutrients in the diet changes: fat – from 3.79 to 6.85%, fiber – from 2.87 to 4.02% and protein – from 21.74 to 18.62%, respectively. To improve metabolism, Complevit, Selmevit and BioMax were used, which were subjected to laser radiation in the area of a bird’s chest. In meat chickens of the experimental groups, in comparison with the control group, the intensity of growth and development is due to better digestibility of nutrients in the diets: dry matter (by 3.4-5.9%), organic matter (by 2.6-5.9%, P-0.001), raw fiber (by 6.4-16.3%). These studied biologically active complexes (BAC) are freely available in the regions of the country, are not expensive and should not be included in the diets of broiler chickens. They are subjected to mandatory laser radiation with an exposure of 8 sec and 15 sec in the chest area. To increase the energy of their growth, there is no need to harvest large, expensive various feed resources. Laser-irradiated components significantly reduce feed consumption at high body weight of broilers.
Potato selection achievements in the Central Caucasus
Authors: Basiev S S , Lazarov T K , Gaplaev M Sh , Gerieva F T , Shishkhaev I Ya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main selection methods used for potato production are intraspecific hybridization, interspecific hybridization, production of polyploid, special parental, haploid varieties, multiple selection of hybrids. As a result of selection, hybrids 10.11/765 and 10.3/228 named “Ossetian” and “Gorsky 17” were produced. Hybrids 10.11/770, 10.11/926, 10.11/927, 10.11/1136 were tested for cancer and golden potato nematodes and are being prepared for the first field test. Hybrids 10.11/181, 10.4/316, 11.26/274 are being tested for cancer and the second year potato nematodes.
Ontogenesis peculiarities to aboriginal Chechen shapes of willow-leaf pear under intensification of pear breeding process
Authors: Dolmatov E A , Hamurzaev S M , Gaplaev M Sh , Borzaev R B , Shaipov A N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe article presents the results of some experimental studies aimed at identifying the duration of the juvenile period that the aboriginal Chechen shapes of a willow-leaf pear have (PyrussalicifoliaPall.) under the acceleration of a breeding process, the goal of which is to achieve plants’ high early-maturity properties. The studies were carried out at Scientific Center “Gardens of Chechnya” within 2016–2019 in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation between All Russian Scientific Institute on Horticultural Crops Breeding and Scientific Center “Gardens of Chechnya”. The experiments were carried out in line with the Program for Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Berry and Walnut Fruits (1995) and the Program for Varieties-Study of Horticultural Crops, Berry and Walnut Fruits (1999). As a study object we used seeds of bred dwarf and weak-growing local Chechen shapes of the willow-leaf pear, generating fruit buds on one-year plants, and seeds of the Caucasian pear (PyruscaucasicaFed.) – 20500 pieces were taken of each shape. In April 2017, stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the Nursery Garden under the control of Gardens of Chechnya. Seedlings were grown according to generally accepted technology in rainfed conditions in a field with chestnut soil. Plants’ blossoming was observed in the spring of 2019. As an experiment result, based on a large amount of samplings, it was found that in rising plants among a great number of shapes of the aboriginal Chechen willow-leaf pear, the seedlings’ breeding is possible in the amount of a little more than 2 %, which have a very short juvenile period (2 years). The phenomenon is becoming an issue to study practically and scientifically with the aim to accelerate the breeding process and breed new varieties of pears with high early-maturity property. For further use and as source of a short juvenile period, 20 shapes of the willow-leaf pear were selected.
Photosynthetic activity of spring barley crops in the zone of forest belts influence in the Volgograd region
Authors: Ruleva O V , Seminchenko E V , Rulev G A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Protective afforestation has a significant impact on the morphometric parameters of spring barley. It increases the number of grains per spikelet and the number of spikelets per spike. As the grain crops approach the field-protective forest belt, the length of the stem and the mass of 1000 grains increase. In fact, the yield increase at a distance from the protective belt is 3.0 c / ha. The influence of forest shelter belts is traced throughout the growing season on the development of Medicum 139 barley and is reflected in such indicators as leaf area, photosynthetic activity of crops, the amount of dry phytomass and net productivity of photosynthesis. The results of the study indicate the important role of forest belts. The area of application of the developments is the zone of soils of the Lower Volga region.
Morphological and agrobiological characteristics of the Bart grape variety
Authors: Magomadov A S , Maystrenko L A , Palaeva D O , Batukaev A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The morphological description of the new Bart table-grade wine grape variety for use, the timing of the vegetation phases and agrobiological indicators of the variety for the years of observation 2014–2018 are given. The cultivar is recommended for cultivation in the 6th region in a non-covering culture.
Prospects of potato selection for the improvement of nutritional value of tubers
Authors: Simakov E A , Anisimov B V , Zhevora S V , Mitiushkin A V , Zhuravlev A A , Mitiushkin A V , Kordabovsky V Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Successful selection of potatoes in order to increase the nutritional value of potato tubers is limited by the duration of the selection of effective seed parents for hybridization and the need to use express methods for mass assessment of genotypes, according to the biochemical composition of tubers, especially in terms of content and ratio of starch components. The observed transgressive segregation by starchiness of potato tubers with accumulating crosses of highly starchy seed parents significantly increases the level of this trait of offspring, which weakly correlates with productivity. The high correlation between the protein content in tubers of seed parents and the average proteinity of the offspring confirms the presence of control of this trait by additively acting polygenes. This means that in the process of natural meiotic recombinogenesis in hybrid populations, the increase in the protein content of potato tubers of hybrids in the extreme variational classes is possible.
Affection of the studied potato varieties (Solanum Tuberosum) Streptomyces scabies and Fusarium oxysporum in irrigated conditions of the Orenburg region
Authors: Mushinskiy A A , Aminova E V , Saudabayeva A Zh , Fomin S D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A comprehensive phytopathological assessment of potato varieties of different ripeness groups was carried out in the Orenburg region in 2015-2018 in order to establish the prevalence of major pathogens using the Protect and Abiga Peak fungicides against a natural infectious background under irrigated conditions. The plot area is 140 m2 (length is 50 m, width is 2.8 m). The accounting area is 70 m2 (length is 50 m, width is 1.4 m). The arrangement of options in the repetition is systematic. In the research we studied 17 varieties, such as mid-early - Nevsky (standard), Spiridon (standard), Lyubava, Fresco, Red Scarlett, Sante, Impala, Sheri, Rosara, Agat, Itzil, Bracelet, mid - season - Kuzovok, Burren, Tarasov, Zakhar, Cavalier. In 2015 the most susceptible to Streptomyces scabies Waks. & Henr. were varieties: Lyubava – 13.8%, Agat – 5.6%, Red Scarlett – 5.2%, Tarasov – 5.1%, Fresco – 3.0% and Burren – 2.2%, including standard varieties: Nevsky – 12.8% and Spiridon – 5.1%. This year we also observed the greatest defeat of tubers with stolon rot (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.): Agat – 4.9%, Fresco – 5.3%, Burren – 8.7%, Nevsky – 4.9%, Spiridon – 3.0%. Eight of the 17 studied varieties, such as Tarasov, Sante, Impala, Sheri, Zakhar, Itzil, Cavalier, Bracelet were resistant to Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and Streptomyces scabies Waks. & Henr. When using fungicides (Abiga Peak, Protect) plant damage was practically not observed. Cavalier and Zakhar potato varieties, which combine high productivity (40 t/ha) and resistance to the studied pathogens, have been identified and recommended for use under irrigated conditions of the Orenburg region.
Influence of fat-containing feed components subjected to ultrasonic treatment in combination with zeolite on broilers’ body
Authors: Bykov A V , Kvan O V , Duskaev G K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the study on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, it can be stated that the introduction of cavitation-treated sunflower sludge into the diet of the experimental bird together with zeolite powder results in the basic blood parameters improvement. All biochemical and morphological parameters were within the physiological norm. The results obtained indicated that the cavitation treatment of sunflower sludge together with particles of zeolite being part of the feed mixture with an additional increase in the level of exchange energy led to an increase in the content of macro- and microelements against the background of a significant decrease in antagonist elements. The greatest changes were observed in the 2nd experimental group subjected to the diet with an exchange energy content of 14.9 MJ/kg DM (6% of processed sludge by cavitation with 4% zeolite).
Evaluation of soils of agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk Irtysh region by the level of cultivation and fertility
Authors: Gindemit A M , Aksenova Yu V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We assessed soil fertility of agricultural lands based on the relative index and the complex agrochemical index (CAI), which was calculated from the data on the content of humus, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and the reaction of the environment. The reaction of the soil medium was neutral, with the exception of calcareous soils and solonetzes. The structural condition in the arable layer (0–20 cm) of the soils was assessed as good. Fractions, the most valuable from the agronomic point of view (10.0–0.25 mm), prevailed in the aggregate composition. In the soils of the Kormilovka and Lyubinsky districts, their quantity was below the optimal level and amounted to 60.9–61.9%. The content of the blocky fraction (> 10 mm) exceeded the critical level by 5.0–6.0%. The deviation from the optimal parameters indicated a low degree of physical degradation in the soils. The structural aggregates were not resistant to the destructive effects of water. The calculation of the CAI showed that the soils of the Kormilovka and Lyubinsky districts had the highest fertility, the estimated score was 66–95. The soil fertility of the Azov district was estimated at 53 points. Soils under fallow and forage lands had high CAI (71–100 points). The degree of cultivation of arable land was medium and high.
Quorum Sensing Suppression of Chromobacterium Violaceum when exposed to combinations of dry plant extracts
Authors: Inchagova K S , Abdrahmanova R A , Duskaev G K , Khisamov R R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe study of density dependent chemical communication in bacteria called the quorum sensing is a promising area in science since most microorganisms that can cause infectious diseases use QS to realize their pathogenic potential. Currently, there is an extensive search for drugs that can inhibit QS dependent processes. Medicinal plants and their components are of particular interest. The main methodological approach aimed at studying the QS inhibitory activity of the studied compounds in this work was the use of a strain of Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532, which is able to respond to potential QS inhibitors by synthesis of violacein pigment. The object of the study is dry extracts of oak bark (Quercus cortex), birch leaves (Folia betulae) and St. John’s wort herb (Hyperici herba). The QS inhibitory activity of dry extracts of oak bark, birch leaves and St. John’s wort herb is shown. For the first time, it is justified to use compositions based on oak bark and birch leaves, as well as oak bark and St. John’s wort to suppress the quorum sensing in pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacterial microflora.
Modern state of the production organization of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation
Authors: Korobkov E V , Kozlov V G , Shalaev A V , Korolev A I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of existing technologies, technological processes and technological equipment, as well as the state of the organization of production of beef breeding in Russia. The adoption of the program “Development of beef breeding in Russia” allowed significant expansion of the production of beef by raising specialized beef cattle not only for the southern and southeastern regions of our country, but also in the rest of Russia. Nowadays, the geography of beef breeding has expanded significantly: it is being actively implemented in six of the eight federal districts. Thus in 2018, 74 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were selected for priority support of livestock breeding. The authors note that the successful economic development of the industry is primarily determined by the engineering and technical level and the technical and economic base of agricultural production, as well as the power availability and the degree of mechanization of production processes in general. However, during the period of economic reforms in Russia, there was a sharp drop in the level of comprehensive mechanization of beef farms. Thus, today the provision of machinery and equipment in this industry does not exceed 65% of the standards. It is necessary to note that the problem with special-purpose machinery and equipment for industrial technologies of fattening beef is one of the reasons for the technical and technological backwardness of this industry. During the design, construction and operation of feeding enterprises, it is obligatory to carry out a technical and economic analysis of various options for industrial feeding of livestock, since modern realities require producers to solve many important issues, such as qualitative definition of territories for the production of beef cattle in the Russian Federation.