bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does exchange rate volatility influence import commodities of India-US? Evidence from ARDL approach
Authors: Gupta Mohini , Varshney Sakshi 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe aim the study is to explore the impact of real exchange rate volatility and other macroeconomic variable such as price of import, industrial production and real exchange rate on 45 import commodities, considering global financial crisis period on India's import from the US. The empirical analysis at disaggregate level of import indicates the existence of both short-run and long-run effect in one-third importing commodities. The results show both positive and negative effect and causality among variables.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses E-GARCH model to gage the real exchange rate volatility, an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bound test technique to discover the adequate short- and long-run relationships and Toda-Yamamoto causality method to analyze the causality among variables. The study uses the time period from 2002:M09 to 2019:M06.FindingsThe empirical analysis at disaggregate level of import indicates the existence of both short-run and long-run effect in one-third importing commodities. The results show both positive and negative effects and causality among variables.Practical implicationsThe finding of the study suggests that macroeconomic variables have significant role and could be important to undertake the small and medium scale industries in policymaking. Government may need to make decision for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as their performance can bring change in the trade to compete globally by increasing and controlling the price of the import and defending the domestic competitiveness.Originality/valueThe study uses additional variable namely price of import and includes the global financial crisis period to measure dampening effect on each commodity by using robust econometric technique in context of emerging nation like India.
The syntax of the particle qad in standard Arabic and Asiri Arabic
Authors: Alhaider Siham Mousa 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis article studies the particle qad in standard Arabic (SA) and Asiri Arabic (AA). In SA, qad is pronounced as [qæd], whereas in AA it is pronounced as [q?d] and written as qid. Qad in SA is different from qid in AA regarding its functional use and syntactic distribution. Accordingly, the study discusses the semantics and selection properties of qad/qid.Design/methodology/approachContrasting analyses are presented to verify which syntactic analysis better suits extended projection principle (EPP) extension, and tree structures are provided to elucidate ongoing problematic configurations and to provide solutions.FindingsThe SA particle qad has three functions: (1) a probability modal, as in may or might; (2) a perfective auxiliary, as in have, has and had; and (3) indicating emphatic purpose, as in do, does and did. Contrariwise, qid in AA has two meanings: (1) have, has and had (perfective auxiliary); and (2) the past tense of the English copula was/became (a linking verb). Given this background, there has been a debate in the syntax literature about whether qid/qad is an adverb. The current article provides evidence indicating that qid and qad are not adverbs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to the analysis of qid in Asiri dialect. Further research needs to be done on the different branches of the Asiri dialects according to the tribe. Sometimes, tribes have different sound for some words. There is not any literature review found on the Asiri dialects in the designated area of study; the particle qid.Practical implicationsThe study can be counted towards the Asiri linguistic heritage in documenting the syntactic and semantic properties of qid particle. The study contributes to the linguistic field of the Arabic language and its varieties.Social implicationsThe study offers a general review of the linguistic background of Asir region. The study introduces the reader to qad particle in SA and holds a comparison between the two researched versions of qad in SA and qid in AA.Originality/valueThe paradoxical analysis between qad and qid on all levels is presented (semantics, functional use, selection properties and level of configuration (EPP)). Also, it introduces the particle qid in AA as it was never investigated before.
A framework for scaling symbiotic nitrogen fixation using the most widespread nitrogen fixer in eastern deciduous forests of the United States
Authors: Wurzburger Nina , Motes Jessie I. , Miniat Chelcy Ford 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Carbon uptake by the terrestrial biosphere depends on supplies of new nitrogen (N) from symbiotic N fixation, but we lack a framework for scaling fixation accurately and for predicting its response to global change.

We scaled symbiotic N fixation from individual N fixers (i.e. plants that host N‐fixing bacteria), by quantifying three key parameters—the abundance of N fixers, whether they are fixing N and their N fixation rates. We apply this framework to black locust, a widespread N‐fixing tree in temperate forests of the eastern United States, and harness long‐term data from southern Appalachian forests to scale fixation from trees to the landscape and over succession.

Symbiotic N fixation at the landscape scale peaked in the first decade following forest disturbance, and then declined. This pattern was due to the declining density and declining fixation rates of individual black locust trees over succession. Independent of forest succession, and coincident with chronic atmospheric N deposition, we have evidence suggesting that nodule biomass produced by black locust trees has declined by 83% over the last three decades. This difference in nodule biomass translates to a maximum fixation rate of 11 kg N ha−1 year−1 and a landscape average of 1.5 kg N ha−1 year−1 in contemporary forests.

Synthesis. We find key controls on symbiotic N fixation by black locust over space and time, suggesting lower fixation rates in eastern deciduous forests than previous estimates. Our scaling framework can be applied to other N fixers to aid predictions of symbiotic N fixation and ecosystem response to global change.
Amino acid infusions in umbilical artery catheters enhance protein administration in infants born at extremely low gestational age
Authors: Gialamas Spyros , Stoltz Sjöström Elisabeth , Diderholm Barbro , Domellöf Magnus , Ahlsson Fredrik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimIt is challenging to provide extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) with adequate protein supply. This study aimed to investigate whether amino acid (AA) infusion in the umbilical artery catheter (UAC) in ELGANs is safe and enhances protein supply and growth.MethodA before and after study including infants born <27 weeks, treated in Uppsala, Sweden, during 2004–2007, compared those receiving normal saline/10% dextrose in water with those receiving AA infusion in the UAC. Data were retrieved from the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study, hospital records and the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register. Group comparisons, univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsAA group (n = 41, females 39%) received on average approximately 0.3 g/kg/day more protein during the first postnatal week, compared to control group (n = 30, females 40%) (unstandardised coefficient (B) 0.26, p .001) but no difference was noted during 8–28 postnatal days. The type of infusion was not associated with growth variables. The incidence of neonatal morbidities and UAC‐related thrombosis did not differ between the groups.ConclusionAA infusions in the UACs in ELGANs is safe and enhances protein supply during the first postnatal week. However, this practice is not associated with growth during the first 28 postnatal days.
Memo to University Leadership: Why “Monetizing” the Museum Collection is a Truly Bad Idea
Authors: Wetenhall John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs embedded institutions under the governing authority of a university administration and board of trustees, academic museums face a heightened risk that their collections might be “monetized” during times of fiscal crisis. Recent debates about deaccessioning have obfuscated the issues, thus exacerbating the vulnerability of collections. This essay articulates the basic case against monetization in pragmatic terms to assist museum professionals in explaining the ethics that protect their collections for future generations.
Cytodiagnosis of giant cell tumour presenting at unusual age and site with review of literature
Authors: Shastri Malvika , Kaur Jasleen , Dey Pranab 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGiant cell tumour (GCT), also known as osteoclastoma, is an osteolytic tumour. It involves the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of long bones in adults. On rare occasions, these may occur in paediatric patients, and may involve uncommon locations such as the sternum, pelvis and, particularly infrequently, rib bones. We present a rare case of GCT in the rib of a child, diagnosed on fine needle aspiration.
Consumption to compensate for the feeling of “loss of ownership of self” Women’s journeys through the liminal transitions of marriage
Authors: G. P. Ranjitha , Unnithan Anandakuttan B. , Belk Russell W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis interpretive study derives a conceptual framework explaining how Indian women experience a loss of self through the transformational event of marriage. The self‐discrepancy of losing one’s self motivates these women to renegotiate their sense of self through consumption. Data were collected through 76 in‐depth interviews analyzed by a constant comparative method and grounded theory. Our research question is to what degree and in what ways do women in India experience a loss of self upon marriage and, if they do, through what consumer practices (if any) do they attempt to compensate for this feeling of loss? Analysis revealed three common stages in Indian women’s married life (1) marriage as a life transitional event inducing liminality (2) loss of Self: dissonance (3) compensatory consumption as a response to dissonance. Our research contributes to life cycle theory by focusing on liminal transitions. We find that self is a possession that women can lose after marriage in India. Based on these findings we argue that understandings of identity and life cycle must be amended to consider self‐discrepancy and coping processes. We develop a model of consumption that results from a perceived loss of self. This is all part of a process of self‐identity reconstruction. We also expand psychological ownership theory to include ownership of self.
An Improved Colour‐difference Formula for use in Light‐fastness Testing
Authors: Vaeck S. V. 
Published: November 2021

An analysis is made of data obtained in a comparison of the colour differences between faded and unfaded Blue light‐fastness standards with Grey Scale steps, which showed that the ANLAB and CIELAB formulae result in colour differences up to four times greater for the Blue standards than for visually equivalent Grey Scale steps. It is shown that this is due to an underweighting of the lightness difference against the chromaticity difference by a factor which depends on the relative amounts of each difference component.A formula is proposed which shows a near‐perfect correlation with the experimental data and thus mades it possible to measure the degree of fading of any Blue standard in Grey Scale steps.When this formula is tested against the Morley data, which are based on perceptibility testing, the correlation is worse than for the ANLAB or the CIELAB formulae. The reasons for this apparent contradiction are discussed.
Effect of the Mediterranean diet on gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bartha Valentin , Exner Lea , Schweikert Daniela , Woelber Johan Peter , Vach Kirstin , Meyer Anna‐Lisa , Basrai Maryam , Bischoff Stephan C. , Meller Christian , Wolff Diana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6‐week Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention on gingival inflammatory and anthropometric parameters of patients with gingivitis.Materials and methodsForty‐two participants were allocated to MD group (MDG) or control group (CG). After a 2‐week equilibration period regarding dental care procedures, only MDG changed their diet to MD for 6 weeks, supported by a diet counselling. Gingival and anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline (T0), Week 2 (T1, beginning of MD intervention), and Week 8 (T2). Adherence to MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS); dietary behaviour was evaluated by the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults Food Frequency Questionnaire (DEGS‐FFQ).ResultsPlaque values remained constant in both groups. Inflammatory periodontal and anthropometric parameters decreased in the MDG only (gingival index:T1 1.51 ± 0.21,T2 1.49 ± 0.24; bleeding on probing:T1 51.00 ± 14.65,T2 39.93 ± 13.74; body weight:T1 79.01 ± 15.62,T2 77.29 ± 17.00; waist circumference:T1 84.41 ± 10.1,T2 83.17 ± 10.47 (p < .05). MEDAS revealed a sufficient diet adherence for MDG.ConclusionWithin this study, gingival inflammatory parameters were significantly reduced by MD, whereas plaque parameters remained constant. The diet counselling achieved sufficient adherence with beneficial changes in weight loss and waist circumference.
Micro‐angiogenic patterns around orthodontic implants migrating in bone: A micro‐CT study in the rat tail model
Authors: Hüfner Mira , Rauch Nicole , Schwarz‐Herzke Beryl , Knorr Ivonne Jeanette , Sager Martin , Drescher Dieter , Becker Kathrin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimRecent studies revealed that implants can migrate in bone when subjected to continuous loading. Since this process is suspected to be accompanied by bone remodelling, which requires blood vessel formation, the present work aimed at assessing the micro‐angiogenic patterns around migrating implants.Materials and methodsIn 16 rats, two customized implants were placed in a single tail vertebra and connected with contraction springs (forces: 0 N, 0.5 N, 1.0 N, 1.5 N). After 2 or 8 weeks of loading, the animals were scanned by micro‐CT before and after vasculature perfusion with a silicone rubber. Vessels were segmented by subtraction of the two micro‐CT scans. Vessel thickness (V.Th), vessel volume per total volume (VV/TV), and vascular spacing (V.Sp) were assessed in a peri‐implant volume of interest (VOI) around each implant.ResultsAt 2 weeks of loading, force magnitude was significantly associated with VV/TV and V.Th values (χ2 = 10.942, p < .001 and χ2 = 6.028, p = .010, respectively). No significant differences were observed after 8 weeks of loading.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of an animal study, peri‐implant vessel thickness and density were associated with force magnitude in the early loading phase, whereas effects diminished after 8 weeks of loading.
DNA reconciles morphology and colouration in the drunk blenny genus Scartichthys (Teleostei: Blenniidae) and provides insights into their evolutionary history
Authors: Delrieu‐Trottin Erwan , Hartmann‐Salvo Hans , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Landaeta Mauricio F. , Pérez‐Matus Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe blenniids of the genus Scartichthys are one of the most common fishes of Central and South American Pacific coastal reefs. This being said, Scartichthys spp. remain difficult to identify in the field, and identification is particularly challenging across the c. 6000 km where three of the four currently accepted species are known to occur in sympatry. A reason for this is that the main taxonomic characters from traditional taxonomy are indeed elusive. In addition, at the same time, species can display multiple colour patterns in the field, depending on their ontogenetic stage, habitat association and reproductive behaviour. Overall, molecular characterization is warranted to help address these issues. In this study, the authors have used a novel approach to revise the genus by combining colouration, morphological and molecular data of representative specimens of the four currently valid species and seven described colour patterns. From this, the authors show that only three of the four species should be considered as valid; Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner, 1876), Scartichthys variolatus (Valenciennes, 1836) and Scartichthys viridis (Valenciennes, 1836), whereas Scartichthys crapulatus (Williams, 1990) should be synonymized with S. viridis. In the same way, the analyses in this study show that one of the colour patterns attributed so far only to S. gigas is characteristic of the juvenile stages of S. viridis. The time‐calibrated phylogeny of this study shows that this genus is relatively young and that the estimated time of divergence between S. gigas and S. viridis is c. 1.71 Ma. In comparison, the Desventuradas and Juan Fernandez Islands endemic S. variolatus diverged c. 1.95 Ma. The results of this study help to clarify the taxonomy of Scartichthys.
Early development of pearlside Maurolicus stehmanni off south‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues‐Ribeiro Marcelo , Suzuki Kazuko , Martins Rodrigo Silvestre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe pearlside Maurolicus stehmanni is one of the most abundant mesopelagic fishes off south‐eastern Brazil and plays a key role in the regional ecosystem. However, its early life history remains poorly understood. This study examined the M. stehmanni early life stages, from eggs to juveniles, including all developmental changes in external morphology. Larvae are simple in morphology and lack specialized larval structures. Notochord flexion begins at ~5.15 mm body length (BL) and larvae ≥5.95 mm BL are flexed. The relative growth of seven measured larval characters (head length, body depth, snout length, eye diameter, pre‐dorsal length, pre‐ventral length and pre‐anal length) have transition points (allometric inflexion points), indicating biphasic growth patterns which are likely related to shifts in habitat use, feeding and behaviour. Larval development is similar to that of other Maurolicus species. The relatively fast development of the fins, photophores, swimbladder and pigmentation suggests a precocious adoption of a micronektonic lifestyle in the mesopelagic environment.
Comparative study on accuracy of mucosal estradiol‐17β, testosterone and 11‐ketotestosterone, for maturity, and cutaneous vitellogenin gene expression in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Roosta Zahra , Falahatkar Bahram , Sajjadi Mirmasoud , Paknejad Hamed , Mandiki Syaghalirwa N M , Kestemont Patrick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProviding a non‐invasive procedure to track fish maturity remains a priority in broodstocks' management. In the present study, the main goal was to assess reproduction status by measuring sex steroids and vitellogenin (VTG) in the skin mucosa, as a non‐invasive method. For this purpose, the present study compared the levels of estradiol‐17β (E2), testosterone (T), 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT), VTG and calcium (Ca) in skin mucosa and blood plasma of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Skin mucosal and blood samples were collected, as well as gonad tissues, from goldfish, as a seasonal spawner. Histological analysis confirmed the gender and maturity status from females' ovaries (as primary‐growth, cortical‐alveoli, initial and late‐vitellogenesis) and males' testes (as spermatogenesis and spermiation). Furthermore, vitellogenin (vtg) expression was observed in skin, liver and gonads. The results indicate that mucosal E2 concentrations were significantly higher during initial and late vitellogenesis than the other stages. Mucosal 11‐KT concentrations significantly increased at spermiation (P < 0.05). E2/T and 11‐KT/E2 ratios significantly increased at early vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis, respectively (P < 0.05). Females' mucosal VTG levels were significantly fluctuated according to the maturity stage. Ca showed a similar trend, but Ca was more accurate for sex identification than the VTG. Although mucus showed high levels of VTG, ovarian vtg expression was strongest while liver and skin had the similar results. These results show that measuring the mucosal androgens could be considered as an accurate, non‐invasive method to monitor fish maturity.
Multistage metamorphism of eclogite in the South Altyn HP–UHP belt, Northwest China: Deep subduction and exhumation process of continental crust
Authors: Ma Tuo , Liu Liang , Gai Yong Sheng , Wang Chao , Liao Xiaoying , Cao Yuting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo types of retrograded eclogite (phengite‐bearing eclogite and garnet pyroxenite) within eclogite‐facies granitic gneisses are reported for the first time from the Younusisayi area of the South Altyn high to ultrahigh pressure (HP–UHP) metamorphic belt. These eclogites were studied using petrology, mineral chemistry, phase equilibrium modelling, and geochronology. The phengite‐bearing eclogite records five stages of metamorphism: (1) early prograde (Grt + Cpx + Amp + Rt + Qz) at conditions ofP = 11.50–17.5 kbar,T = 665–740°C; (2) peak eclogite‐facies (Grt + Omp + Ph + Rt + Qz) at conditions ofP > 24.2 kbar,T = 710–1000°C; (3) overprinting during retrograde transition to HP granulite‐facies conditions (Grt + Cpx ± Kfs + Pl + Rt + Qz) atP = 12.1–16.9 kbar andT = 760–890°C; (4) retrogression at granulite‐facies conditions (Grt + Cpx + Amp + Pl + Ilm + Qz) ofP = 9.1–11.4 kbar,T = 730–840°C; and (5) amphibolite‐facies metamorphism (Amp + Pl + Ilm + Qz) during cooling and decompression. The garnet pyroxenite records four stages of metamorphism: (1) eclogite‐facies at conditions ofP > 23.2 kbar,T = 775–965°C; (2) HP granulite‐facies conditions ofP = 13.2–17.8 kbar andT = 836–912°C; (3) granulite‐facies conditions ofP = 8.6–9.7 kbar,T = 739–783°C; and (4) amphibolite‐facies metamorphism. Zircon U–Pb dating and trace element analysis constrain eclogite‐facies metamorphism to c. 500 Ma, consistent with the age of the surrounding eclogite‐facies granitic gneiss (497.8 ± 2.7 Ma). Retrograde metamorphism ages of c. 460 Ma are interpreted as recording zircon growth after granulite‐facies metamorphism. TheP–T–t path defines the integrated process of deep subduction and multistage exhumation and places constraints on the early Palaeozoic geodynamics of the South Altyn belt. Well‐preserved major and trace element zoning of garnets in the Ph‐bearing eclogites lacks evidence of significant thermal diffusion and may record garnet growth during deep subduction, immediately followed by very rapid exhumation.
The incorporation of Cu into the clinker phases
Authors: Staněk Theodor , Dzurov Matej , Khongová Ingrid , Boháč Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe effect of CuO addition on the phase composition of clinker and the Cu incorporation into the structure of clinker phases was monitored under laboratory conditions. Separate synthesized CuO‐doped clinker phases as well as clinkers with different CuO content up to 4 wt.% were characterized by XRD, optical and electron microscopy with EDS analysis. It has been found that Cu tends to form a separate phase or a double oxide with Ca and incorporates in the clinker phases to a limited extent, except for C4AF. With increasing CuO content in clinker, its phase composition changes, and the size of alite crystals increases.