bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of protein secretion through chemical regulation of endoplasmic reticulum retention signal cleavage
Authors: Praznik Arne , Fink Tina , Franko Nik , Lonzarić Jan , Benčina Mojca , Jerala Nina , Plaper Tjaša , Roškar Samo , Jerala Roman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSecreted proteins, such as hormones or cytokines, are key mediators in multicellular organisms. Protein secretion based on transcriptional control is rather slow, as proteins requires transcription, translation, followed by the transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the conventional protein secretion (CPS) pathway towards the plasma membrane. An alternative faster bypass would be valuable. Here we present two genetically encoded orthogonal secretion systems, which rely on the retention of pre-synthesized proteins on the ER membrane (membER, released by cytosolic protease) or inside the ER lumen (lumER, released by ER luminal protease), respectively, and their release by the chemical signal-regulated proteolytic removal of an ER-retention signal, without triggering ER stress due to protein aggregates. Design of orthogonal chemically-regulated split proteases enables precise combination of signals into logic functions and was demonstrated on a chemically regulated insulin secretion. Regulation of ER escape represents a platform for the design of fast responsive and tightly-controlled modular and scalable protein secretion system.Abstract FigureAbstract figure:membER and lumER system.By equipping a protein of interest (POI) with an N-terminal signaling sequence, which initiates the transport of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a C-terminal KDEL ER retention sequence for luminal proteins or a KKXX sequence for transmembrane proteins, we can retain those proteins inside the ER and cis-Golgi apparatus (GA) through retrograde transport. Insertion of a protease cleavage site adjacent to the retention signal allows for the regulated fast secretion through proteolytic cleavage. The membrane bound, ER membrane (membER) and ER-luminal (lumER) systems allow for the controlled secretion of pre-synthesized protein, stored inside the ER. This platform enables release of target proteins several hours faster than systems relying transcription and translation.
Optogenetic activation of basolateral amygdala projections to nucleus accumbens core promotes cue-induced expectation of reward but not instrumental pursuit of cues
Authors: Servonnet Alice , Rompré Pierre-Paul , Samaha Anne-Noël 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTReward-associated conditioned stimuli (CS) can acquire predictive value, evoking conditioned approach behaviors that prepare animals to engage with forthcoming rewards. Such CS can also acquire conditioned reinforcing value, becoming attractive and pursued. Through their predictive and conditioned reinforcing properties, CS can promote adaptive (e.g., locating food) but also maladaptive responses (e.g., drug use). Basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens core (BLA→NAc core neurons) mediate the response to appetitive CS, but the extent to which this involves effects on the predictive and/or conditioned reinforcing properties of CS is unclear. Thus, we examined the effects of optogenetic stimulation of BLA→NAc core neurons on conditioned approach behavior and on the instrumental pursuit of a CS, the latter a measure of conditioned reinforcement. Water-restricted, adult male rats learned that a light-tone compound cue (CS) predicts water delivery. Pairing optogenetic stimulation of BLA→NAc core neurons with CS presentation potentiated conditioned approach behavior, and did so even under extinction conditions, when water was omitted. This suggests that BLA→NAc core neurons promote cue-induced expectation of rewards. Rats also received instrumental conditioning sessions during which they could lever press for CS presentations, without water delivery. Optogenetic stimulation of BLA→NAc core neurons either during these instrumental test sessions or during prior CS-water conditioning did not influence lever responding for the CS. This suggests that BLA→NAc core neurons do not influence the conditioned reinforcing effects of CS. We conclude that BLA→NAc core neurons promote cue-induced control over behavior by increasing cue-triggered anticipation of rewards, without influencing cue ‘wanting’.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEnvironmental cues associated with rewards guide animals toward rewards essential for survival such as food. Reward-associated cues can also evoke maladaptive responses such as in addiction. Reward cues guide behavior in two major ways. First, they evoke approach toward imminent rewards, preparing animals to engage with these rewards. Second, cues can become attractive themselves, such that animals will learn new behaviors simply to obtain them. Here we show that activation of basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens core increases cue-induced approach to the location of reward, without influencing the pursuit of reward cues. Thus, these amygdala-to-accumbens neurons promote cue-induced expectation of reward, without changing the attractiveness of cues.
A CRISPR-Cas9-based system for the dose-dependent study of DNA double-strand breaks sensing and repair
Authors: Coiffard Jocelyn , Kumanski Sylvain , Santt Olivier , Pardo Benjamin , Moriel-Carretero María 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe integrity of DNA is put at risk by different lesions, among which double strand breaks (DSBs) occur at low frequency, yet remain one of the most life-threatening harms. The study of DSB repair requests tools provoking their accumulation, and include the use of chemical genotoxins, ionizing radiations or the expression of sequence-specific nucleases. While genotoxins and irradiation allow for dose-dependent studies, nuclease expression permits assessments at precise locations. In this work, we have exploited the repetitiveness of the Ty transposon elements in the genome ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand the cutting activity of the RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease to create a tool that combines sequence specificity and dose-dependency. In particular, we can achieve the controlled induction of 0, 1, 15 or 59 DSBs in cells with an otherwise identical genetic background. We make the first application of this tool to better understand the behavior of the apical kinase of the DNA damage response Tel1 in the nuclear space. We found that Tel1 is capable of forming nuclear foci, which are clustered by condensing when DSBs occur in Ty elements. In striking contrast with other DSB-related protein foci, Tel1 foci are in tight contact with the nuclear periphery, therefore suggesting a role for the nuclear membrane in their congregation.
Developmental Dynamics of RNA Translation in the Human Brain
Authors: Duffy Erin E. , Finander Benjamin , Choi GiHun , Carter Ava C. , Pritisanac Iva , Alam Aqsa , Luria Victor , Karger Amir , Phu William , Sherman Maxwell A. , Assad Elena G. , Khitun Alexandra , Crouch Elizabeth E. , Ganesh Sanika , Berger Bonnie , Sestan Nenad , O’Donnell-Luria Anne , Huang Eric , Griffith Eric C. , Forman-Kay Julie D. , Moses Alan M. , Kalish Brian T. , Greenberg Michael E. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe precise regulation of gene expression is fundamental to neurodevelopment, plasticity, and cognitive function. While several studies have deeply profiled mRNA dynamics in the developing human brain, there is a fundamental gap in our understanding of accompanying translational regulation. We perform ribosome profiling from more than 70 human prenatal and adult cortex samples across ontogeny and into adulthood, mapping translation events at nucleotide resolution. In addition to characterizing the translational regulation of annotated open reading frames (ORFs), we identify thousands of previously unknown translation events, including small open reading frames (sORFs) that give rise to human- and/or brain-specific microproteins, many of which we independently verify using size-selected proteomics. Ribosome profiling in stem cell-derived human neuronal cultures further corroborates these findings and shows that several neuronal activity-induced long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including LINC00473, a primate-specific lncRNA implicated in depression, encode previously undescribed microproteins. Physicochemical analysis of these brain microproteinss identifies a large class harboring arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) repeats as strong candidates for regulating RNA metabolism. Moreover, we find that, collectively, these previously unknown human brain sORFs are enriched for variants associated with schizophrenia. In addition to significantly expanding the translational landscape of the developing brain, this atlas will serve as a rich resource for the annotation and functional interrogation of thousands of previously unknown brain-specific protein products.
A review of integrated library systems and web-scale discovery services in India
Authors: Balaji B. Preedip , M. S. Vinay , K. V. Anitha , Khan Mohd Raqib , E. Edwin , B.G. Shalini 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to examine integrated library systems (ILS) and web-scale discovery services (WSDS) of the National Institute of Ranking Framework’s (NIRF) top-ranked universities for the “Overall” category in the 2020 rankings. Further, the authors analyse how the ILS-WSDS transitions work in the academic libraries of higher educational institutions (HEIs) in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The 200 top-ranked institutions in the NIRF rankings 2020 were chosen to evaluate their ILS-WSDS systems available through their library websites. Out of ten categories of NIRF rankings, the “Overall” category was selected as the institutions ranked under this category are discipline-independent and have a minimum of 1,000 full-time students in their undergraduate and graduate programmes.

Findings
The authors found that Koha is a leading ILS with 52 libraries (26%), followed by LibSys with 18 institutions (9%), SOUL with ten institutions (5%), AutoLib with eight institutions (4%), VTLS and NewGenLib with four institutions each (2%) and SLIM with three institutions (1.5%). In regards to WSDS, 73 institutions use Knimbus (36.5%), followed by 12 institutions using EBSCO Discovery Services (6%), two institutions using Ex Libris Summon and others include LS Discovery, VuFind and independent platform each at 0.5%. At the core of technology adoption, for the ILS to WSDS transitions, the uptake is found to be rather slow.

Originality/value
Many studies have explored ILS and WSDS India. However, this study attempts to assess the ILS in comparison with discovery services at academic libraries in the top ranking HEIs in India.
The role of capabilities in shaping sustainable supply chain flexibility and enhancing circular economy-target performance: an empirical study
Authors: Bag Surajit , Rahman Muhammad Sabbir 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
A circular economy is a popular approach considered by many firms to address sustainable development goals strategically. Literature indicates that collaborative relationships among supply chain partners facilitate circular economy practices. However, there is a dearth of studies in lower-middle-income countries indicating the unique challenges industries face whilst practising circular economy principles and how the challenges can be overcome. To address the calls of previous researchers, this study aims to explore the following relationships: engagement and alliance capability whilst data analytics capability plays a mediating role; the relationship between alliance and data analytics capability with sustainable supply chain flexibility whilst industry dynamism is considered as a moderating variable and the relationship between sustainable supply chain flexibility and circular economy-target performance.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey was performed and data was collected from 760 employees of Indian firms. Covariance-based structural equation modelling was applied to perform the path analysis to determine a firm’s capabilities in shaping sustainable supply chain flexibility and enhancing circular economy target performance.

Findings
Drawing upon dynamic capability theory, it was first established that engagement capability has a positive and significant influence on alliance capability, whilst data analytics capability played a partial mediating role. Second, it was established that alliance capability and data analytics capability significantly affect sustainable supply chain flexibility, whilst industry dynamism played a moderating role. Finally, it was clear that sustainable supply chain flexibility had a significant and positive effect on circular economy target performance, ultimately enhancing sustainability.

Originality/value
This study advances the circular economy literature by recommending that firms must consider some critical operational level capabilities to develop their dynamic capability, i.e. sustainable supply chain flexibility, to better meet the competitive market conditions in turbulent business environments.
Political tolerance in Canada: Are religious Canadians and Americans more intolerant?
Authors: Reimer Sam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolitical tolerance, defined as a willingness to grant civil liberties to disliked groups, has historically been viewed as necessary for liberal democracies. Canada is known as a tolerant country, but very little research exists on political tolerance in Canada. Using the “least‐liked” measure of political tolerance, I show that Canada has lower levels of political tolerance than the U.S., and that religiosity—particularly committed and conservative religiosity—is unrelated to political tolerance.
Emotions and involvement of foster carers preparing to welcome children arriving from war zones
Authors: Euillet Séverine , Hilbold Mej , Ganne Claire , Faisca Elodie , Turlais Amélie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn France, the fosterage of children arriving from war zones is rather marginal and does require the consideration of two major issues: emotions and commitment, both at stake among the foster carers. These issues can be apprehended through the way in which professionals conceive their work, their relationship with the child, but also the singular and specific nature of these children's situation. We, therefore, conducted a qualitative study in the field of Educational Sciences using semi‐structured interviews to gather the experience of 11 foster carers preparing to welcome French children coming from war zones. The analysis of their discourses shows that this exceptional situation reinforces their involvement and their emotional bond. The time devoted to the preparation of the child's reception is precious as it gives meaning to the work, arouses ambivalent emotions and builds an imaginary child.
Comparative analysis of phasic left atrial strain and left ventricular posterolateral strain pattern to discriminate Fabry cardiomyopathy from other forms of left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Frumkin David , Mattig Isabel , Laule Nina , Al Daas Maamoun , Canaan‐Kühl Sima , Knebel Fabian , Stangl Karl , Brand Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground“Classical” echocardiographic signs of Fabry cardiomyopathy (FC), such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), posterolateral strain impairment (PLSI), and papillary muscle hypertrophy may be of limited diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of left atrial (LA) strain impairment compared to “classical” echocardiographic findings to discriminate FC.MethodsIn standard echocardiographic assessments, we retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic value of the “classical” red flags of FC as well as LA strain in 20 FC patients and in 20 subjects with other causes of LVH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the respective diagnostic accuracy.ResultsFC was confirmed in 20 patients by genetic testing. In the LVH group, 12 patients were classified by biopsy to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, two had hypertensive heart disease, and six LVH combined with borderline myocarditis. Global and regional left ventricular (LV) strain was not significantly different between groups while LA strain was significantly impaired in FC (Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) 19.1%±8.4 in FC and 25.6%±8.9 in LVH, p = 0.009; left atrial conduction strain (LAScd) ‐8.4%±4.9 in FC and ‐15.9%±8.4 in LVH, p < 0.01). LAScd, with an area under the curve (AUC) of .81 (95% confidence interval [CI] .66–.96) showed the highest diagnostic accuracy to discriminate FC. The PLSI pattern showed an AUC of .49, quantification of papillary muscle hypertrophy an AUC of .47.ConclusionAdding LA strain analysis to a comprehensive echocardiographic work‐up of unclear LVH may be helpful to identify FC as a possible cause.
Anticoagulation prescribing practice following ischaemic strokes in the setting of non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tan Shuangyue , Williams Cameron , Choi Philip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is well established that anticoagulation following an ischaemic stroke in the setting of non‐valvular atrial fibrillation is an effective means of secondary prevention. However, there is a lack of a solid evidence base to guide both the agent choice and the optimal timing in which to initiate anticoagulation therapy. The decision is complex, and consideration is required to balance the risks between recurrent strokes and potentially causing or exacerbating parenchymal haemorrhages. A clinical audit was performed at a high‐volume primary stroke centre looking at anticoagulation prescribing practices among neurologists. We found apixaban was by far the anticoagulation of choice for non‐valvular atrial fibrillation. The median time to anticoagulation initiation was Day 1 post transient ischaemic attack, Day 2 post small infarcts, Day 4 post moderate infarcts and Day 5 post large infarcts.
Pre‐eruptive intracoronal radiolucencies in permanent dentition of children in Tamil Nadu—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Asokan Sharath , Geethapriya P. R. , Varshini R Kirthi , CS Sri Darshini 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPre‐eruptive intracoronal radiolucency (PEIR) poses a challenge to paediatric dentists as it cannot be clinically detected.AimTo estimate the prevalence and coexisting factors of PEIR in permanent teeth of children and adolescents in western Tamil Nadu, India.DesignThis cross‐sectional study assessed 5012 digital panoramic radiographs of children and adolescents below 14 years of age obtained from private digital imaging centers, dental clinics, and dental colleges located in five districts of western Tamil Nadu. The prevalence and PEIR and its coexisting factors were assessed by two independent calibrated investigators. Data were analyzed using the chi‐square test.ResultsThe subject prevalence and tooth prevalence of PEIR were estimated to be 3.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Maxillary canines and mandibular premolars were commonly involved. Majority of the lesions were limited to less than one‐third of dentin thickness (74%) and distal aspect of the crown (45.1%). Ectopic positioning (9.3%) and dental caries in the preceding primary tooth (9.9%) were the most common coexisting factors.ConclusionPre‐Eruptive Intracoronal Radiolucency defects were commonly seen in maxillary canines, mandibular premolars, and distal aspect of the crown involving less than one‐third dentin thickness. Ectopic positioning and caries in primary teeth were commonly seen along with the PEIR defects.
Soil water depletion of peanut subspecies as influenced by water‐use traits and soil water availability
Authors: Zurweller Brendan A. , Rowland Diane L. , Tillman Barry L. , Payton Paxton , Erickson J. , Racette Kelly , Carter Ethan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile improved crop water‐deficit tolerance is considered of primary importance, many phenotyping efforts focusing on quantifying structural root traits make assumptions about architecture representing root function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify whole plant water‐use traits among disparate peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes and determine their impact on water‐deficit tolerance. Mini‐rhizotrons were installed to evaluate genotypic root architecture and developmental changes to two irrigation regimes imposed during early development. Following the early‐season irrigation regimes, above‐ and below‐ground traits were studied across a range of soil water conditions through measures of: (a) leaf‐level gas exchange and (b) soil water depletion quantified using a novel soil water probe inserted into mini‐rhizotrons allowing for matched root architecture and soil water depletion measures. While differential water treatments influenced root system architecture development among the genotypes, soil water depletion locations were primarily determined by water availability in the soil profile, not simply by having greater root length at a given soil location. This contradicts the assumption that greater root presence is a consistent indicator of increased root activity. Phenotypic selection of root traits for improving the efficiency of crop water use should consider both structural and functional traits in relation to the intended production environments slated for future cultivar development.
Prediction method of shelf life of damaged Korla fragrant pears
Authors: Yu Shihui , Lan Haipeng , Li Xiaolong , Zhang Hong , Zeng Yong , Niu Hao , Niu Xiyue , Xiao Ailing , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo scientifically and effectively predict the shelf life of damaged Korla fragrant pears, this paper explores the effects of maturity, storage temperature, and damage degree on their shelf life, which was furthermore predicted employing three neural network modeling methods: Back Propagation Neural Network, General Regression Neural Network (GRNN), and Adaptive Network‐based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). A prediction model was then built to achieve the optimal prediction of the shelf life of damaged Korla fragrant pears. The results suggest that maturity, storage temperature, and damage degree exert a significant effect on the shelf life of fragrant pears, and are inversely proportional to the shelf life length; the damaged fragrant pears still have storage value, which can be stored at low temperature according to different damage degree to prolong the shelf life of damaged fragrant pears; the prediction model of maturity, storage temperature, and damage degree on the shelf life of fragrant pears is built based on well‐trained neural networks using the GRNN and ANFIS model, and the ANFIS model with gaussmf input membership function yields the best performance in predicting the shelf life of damaged fragrant pears (root mean square error = 3.5190; R2 = 0.9881). The results offer theoretical guidance for the selection of optimal storage conditions and the effective prediction of the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.Practical applicationsBefore the Korla fragrant pears are stored in the warehouse, the practitioners will directly discard damaged fruits, causing a lot of waste and economic losses. The damaged fragrant pears can be temporarily stored and preserved, and they can be processed and sold in time before the end of the critical shelf life, thereby increasing the economic income of practitioners. Therefore, three neural networks—Back Propagation Neural Network, General Regression Neural Network, and Adaptive Network‐based Fuzzy Inference System—are evaluated for their ability to predict the shelf life of damaged fragrant pears. A shelf life model of damaged fragrant pears is then constructed and screened out, and employed to realize the prediction of the shelf life of damaged fragrant pears. This method is also suitable for predicting the shelf life of other damaged fruits.