bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Assessment of Isometric Hip Extensor Function: Reliability, Joint Angle Sensitivity, and Concurrent Validity
Authors: Goodwin Jon E. , Bull Anthony M. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Goodwin, JE and Bull, AMJ. Novel assessment of isometric hip extensor function: reliability, joint angle sensitivity, and concurrent validity. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2762–2770, 2022—Closed-chain hip extension function has not been well examined. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability, joint angle sensitivity, muscle recruitment, and concurrent validity of a force plate–based isometric hip extensor test (isometric hip thrust). All subjects were active men aged 19–29 years. In part 1, bilateral and unilateral hip extensor testing was completed on 4 occasions by 14 subjects to evaluate repeatability of force and torque measures. In part 2, joint angle sensitivity of force, torque, and surface electromyography was assessed by 10 subjects completing testing at 4 hip joint angles in a single test session. In part 3, concurrent validity of joint torque was assessed relative to standing and supine test positions on an isokinetic dynamometer, by 10 subjects in a single test session. The repeatability study found small changes in the mean from sessions 1–2 (mean standardized change d = 0.31) and close to no change in later sessions (mean d = 0.12). Typical error was predominantly low to moderate (mean 0.42), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was typically high (mean ICC = 0.87). The joint angle sensitivity study showed that increasing the hip flexion resulted in increases in peak extension force (p = 0.001) and gluteus maximus activation (p = 0.003) and a reduction in biceps femoris activation (p < 0.001). There was no change in torque (p = 0.585) and vastus lateralis activation (p = 0.482). The concurrent validity study found that torque was correlated with supine dynamometry (R
2 = 0.555) but not with standing dynamometry (R
2 = 0.193). In summary, the isometric hip thrust is repeatable, but benefits from familiarization. Force output and muscle recruitment are sensitive to joint position, providing an opportunity to assess different functional output.
Autonomous Motivation Moderates the Relation of Self-Criticism to Depressive Symptoms Over One Year: A Longitudinal Study of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Patients in a Naturalistic Setting
Authors: Taylor Geneviève , Dunkley David M. , Zuroff David C. , Lewkowski Maxim , Foley J. Elizabeth , Myhr Gail , Westreich Ruta 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: This study examined whether motivation moderated the relation between self-criticism and depression over one year in a sample of adults receiving cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). Methods: Participants (N = 38) completed measures of pre-treatment self-criticism (Time 1), autonomous/controlled motivation for engaging in CBT at the beginning of treatment (Time 2), and interviewer-rated depression at Time 1, and one year after baseline (Time 3). Results: Multiple regression analyses of moderator effects showed that patients higher in self-criticism with lower autonomous motivation for CBT had higher levels of depressive symptoms one year later. The effect of controlled motivation was nonsignificant. Discussion: Our findings support the buffering hypothesis that engaging in CBT because it is personally meaningful may protect patients high in self-criticism from experiencing the poorer treatment outcomes associated with their specific vulnerability. However, given the small sample size, the results will need to be replicated within larger samples to ensure generalizability.
Synapsin Is Required for Dense Core Vesicle Capture and cAMP-Dependent Neuropeptide Release
Authors: Yu Szi-chieh , Liewald Jana F. , Shao Jiajie , Steuer Costa Wagner , Gottschalk Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Release of neuropeptides from dense core vesicles (DCVs) is essential for neuromodulation. Compared with the release of small neurotransmitters, much less is known about the mechanisms and proteins contributing to neuropeptide release. By optogenetics, behavioral analysis, electrophysiology, electron microscopy, and live imaging, we show that synapsin SNN-1 is required for cAMP-dependent neuropeptide release inCaenorhabditis eleganshermaphrodite cholinergic motor neurons. In synapsin mutants, behaviors induced by the photoactivated adenylyl cyclase bPAC, which we previously showed to depend on ACh and neuropeptides (Steuer Costa et al., 2017), are altered as in animals with reduced cAMP. Synapsin mutants have slight alterations in synaptic vesicle (SV) distribution; however, a defect in SV mobilization was apparent after channelrhodopsin-based photostimulation. DCVs were largely affected insnn-1mutants: DCVs were ∼30% reduced in synaptic terminals, and their contents not released following bPAC stimulation. Imaging axonal DCV trafficking, also in genome-engineered mutants in the serine-9 protein kinase A phosphorylation site, showed that synapsin captures DCVs at synapses, making them available for release. SNN-1 colocalized with immobile, captured DCVs. In synapsin deletion mutants, DCVs were more mobile and less likely to be caught at release sites, and in nonphosphorylatable SNN-1B(S9A) mutants, DCVs traffic less and accumulate, likely by enhanced SNN-1 dependent tethering. Our work establishes synapsin as a key mediator of neuropeptide release.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLittle is known about mechanisms that regulate how neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles (DCVs) traffic along the axon, how neuropeptide release is orchestrated, and where it occurs. We found that one of the longest known synaptic proteins, required for the regulation of synaptic vesicles and their storage in nerve terminals, synapsin, is also essential for neuropeptide release. By electrophysiology, imaging, and electron microscopy inCaenorhabditis elegans, we show that synapsin regulates this process by tethering the DCVs to the cytoskeleton in axonal regions where neuropeptides are to be released. Without synapsin, DCVs cannot be captured at the release sites and, consequently, cannot fuse with the membrane, and neuropeptides are not released. We suggest that synapsin fulfills this role also in vertebrates, including humans.
“The Meaner & More Usual &c.”
Authors: Greaney Michael 
Published: April 2021

Michael Greaney, “‘The Meaner & More Usual &c.’: Everybody in Emma” (pp. 417-440)
This essay aims to read Jane Austen’s Emma (1815) not as a portrait of a pampered individual but as a story of collective or communal selfhood—that is, as the story of everybody. “Everybody”—the term is used approximately one hundred times in this novel—in Emma is both more and less than a village or a neighborhood. Spread and shared across people, discourses, bodies, and institutions, “everybodiness” is variously apprehended as public opinion, or a ubiquitous collective gaze, or a shared repertoire of constantly updated gossip-narratives, without ever being quite reducible to any one of these. With a mixture of disdain and disquiet, Emma equates everybodiness with banal group-think, senseless chatter, lackluster mediocrity, and oppressive sameness—but, even as it thinks these superciliously undemocratic thoughts, Austen’s novel grants “everybody” narrative space in which to contest the terms of its own marginalization.
Çin Rüyasının Gerçekleşmesinde İnovasyonun Önemi: Büyüme ve İnovasyon İlişkisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz
Authors: ÖZBAY Ferhat , ARICAN Mustafa , OGUZTURK Bekir Sami 
Published: April 2021

Fikirlerin ticarileştirilmesi olarak değerlendirilen inovasyon, günümüz dünyasında ülkelerin rekabet gücünü arttırmaları ve ekonomik büyüme sağlayabilmeleri için vazgeçilmez bir unsurdur. İnovasyon kabiliyetini ise pek çok unsur etkilemektedir. Bu unsurlar arasında Ar-Ge harcamalarının önemli bir yeri vardır. Ayrıca, Ar-Ge harcamalarının bir sonucu olarak görülen ve fikirlerin ticarete dökülmüş halinin bir koruma yöntemi olan fikri mülkiyet haklarının da göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir. İnovasyonun ve onun unsurlarının etkilerini açıklamada en çarpıcı örneklerin başında Çin gelmektedir. Çin, kuruluşunun 100. yılında gelir adaletsizliği başta olmak üzere pek çok toplumsal sorunu çözmeyi	; demokratik, müreffeh ve güçlü bir toplum olarak dünya lideri olmayı hedeflediği ve kısaca “Çin Rüyası” olarak ifade edilen hedeflerini gerçekleştirmek istemektedir. Son 40 yılda muazzam bir ekonomik büyüme performansı sergileyen Çin’in bu başarısını açıklamada fikri mülkiyet haklarının da dâhil edildiği inovasyon göstergelerinin etkisi var mıdır? Sorusu büyüme ekseninde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Ar-Ge harcamalarının ve fikri mülkiyet haklarının bu “rüya”yı gerçekleştirmedeki rolü nedir? Sorusuna da cevap aranmıştır. Çalışmada Ar-Ge harcamaları, patent sayıları, faydalı model ve endüstriyel tasarım uygulamaları değişkenlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığı Çin’in 1986-2018 verilerinin kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Değişkenlerin durağanlığı ADF ve PP testleri test edildikten sonra 1. farkları alınarak durağan hale getirilmiş, değişkenler arası uzun dönem ilişkisi Johansen Testi ile incelenmiştir. Son olarak Granger nedensellik testi yapılmış ve büyüme ile Ar-Ge harcamaları arasında çift yönlü, endüstriyel tasarım uygulamaları ile tek yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiş, faydalı modeller ile herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi olmadığı görülmüştür.
Kastamonu Yöresi Geleneksel Müzik Pratiklerinde Meytar ve İşlevleri
Authors: ÇAKMAKOĞLU Beril 
Published: April 2021

Anadolu coğrafyasında yerel-kültürel özellikler içeren pek çok müzik ve dans pratiğinin varlığı bilinmektedir. "Yöreye özgü" olarak ifade edilebilecek bu uygulamalar, kültürel mirasın aktarımı ve geleneğin sürdürülmesi bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Kastamonu yöresinde karşılaşılan ve genellikle iki davul, bir kemâne, bir zurna ve iki köçekten oluşan topluluk, yörede "meytar" olarak bilinmektedir. Kastamonu yöresinde, 2011 yılında tarafımdan gerçekleştirilen alan araştırmaları sonucunda, Meytar'ın yöredeki işlevi incelenmiştir. Kına geceleri, düğünler, asker eğlenceleri, festivaller, piknik-kır eğlenceleri, dernek etkinlikleri, oturak alemleri, Tv programları gibi müzik pratiklerinin odağında yer alan Meytar'ın, önemli bir ifade aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Meytar'ı oluşturan üyelerin de kendi içerisinde farklı rollere sahip oldukları bilinmektedir. Örneğin müzik pratiklerinin bazılarında davul-zurna ikilisi öne çıkarken, başka bir durumda kemânenin ya da zurnanın öncü olduğu saptanmıştır. Oturak alemlerinde kemâne çalgısı daha işlevsel olmasına karşın, düğün ritüelinde gelinin evden alınması ve düğün alanına getirilmesi durumlarında davul ve zurnanın öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Bunların yanı sıra, açış olarak tanımlanan usûlsüz doğaçlama ezgi motifleri de, kemâne ve zurna çalgılarının karşılıklı icraları ile bazı ritüellerin başında yer almaktadır. Meytar'ın en önemli öğelerinden olan köçeklerin ise pratiklerin dikkat çekici ve işlevsel unsuru olduklarını söylemek mümkündür. Köçekler, hem dansları, hem de müzik icrasına sundukları sözel seslendirme ve zil eşlikli çalgısal destekleri ile Meytar'ın sembol sayılabilecek bireyleri arasında yer almaktadırlar. Farklı müzik ortamlarında farklı davranış biçimleri sergileyen Meytar, yöre ezgilerinin ve dans figürlerinin geleneksel uygulamalarını sürdüren, icra ortamlarındaki temel uygulamaların devamını sağlayan bir topluluk olarak yöredeki varlığını günümüzde hala sürdürmektedir. Ayrıca Meytar'ın Kastamonu yöresi dışında göç nedeniyle yerleşilen büyükşehirlerdeki icra ortamlarında da varlığını sürdürdüğü ve yöredeki benzer uygulamaları devam ettirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, Meytar’ın yöre müzik pratiklerindeki işlevini ortaya koymaktır. Makalenin amacı doğrultusunda, alan araştırması kapsamında gözlem ve görüşme tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yöre müzik pratiklerine bizzat katılım yoluyla elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi ile Meytar, işlevsellik bağlamında ele alınmıştır.	Anahtar Kelimeler: Meytar, Kastamonu, Kemâne, Köçek, Davul, Zurna
Method of spleen reduction in laparoscopic splenectomy in children with hereditary autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Svarich Vyacheslav G. , Kagantsov Ilya M. , Svarich Violetta A. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to improve the results of surgical treatment of children with hereditary autoimmune hemolytic anemia by laparoscopic splenectomy.
Materials and methods. In the period from 1991 to 2020, a total 47 patients with hereditary autoimmune hemolytic anemia were treated in the surgical department of the Republican Childrens Clinical Hospital of Syktyvkar. Splenectomy was performed by the open method in 25 children, and laparoscopic method in 22 patients. Since 2019, the method of spleen reduction during laparoscopic splenectomy has been used in 3 patients when the large size of the mobilized spleen does not correspond to the size of the endoscopic container.
Results. On average, surgical intervention using the above-described method of spleen reduction lasted for 19 2 min lesser than with laparoscopic splenectomy without the above method, due to the possibility of removing a significantly smaller volume of spleen tissue from the endoscopic sac outside the abdominal cavity. However, the most important achievement was the almost complete elimination of the risk of getting free fragments of a pathologically altered spleen with its possible replantation and recurrence of the clinic of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The postoperative period was smooth, and all patients were discharged at their place of residence 7 days after the laparoscopic splenectomy. Intra-abdominal complications and relapses of the disease associated with the above-described method of operation did not occur in any patient within 612 months postoperative.
Conclusion. The proposed method of spleen reduction during laparoscopic splenectomy made it possible to avoid relapses of the disease, reduce the operation time, as a result, improved the results of surgical treatment in children with hereditary autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Seismic coupling of interface modes in sedimentary basins: A recipe for disaster
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna , Flores Jorge , Novaro Octavio , Seligman Thomas H. , Esquivel Raúl 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoupling between an evanescent P wave and a Rayleigh wave can occur when the two modes share the same phase velocity at an interface. The result is a new, distinctive monochromatic mode of large amplitude and finite duration that may reverberate in a bounded layer, generating stationary patterns due to constructive and destructive interference. Such modes may be responsible for earthquake damage in the Valley of Mexico and perhaps in other sedimentary basins vulnerable to seismic disasters on soft ground.
Spatial distribution of high-frequency energy radiation on the fault of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake (MW6.9) on the basis of the seismogram envelope inversion
Authors: Nakahara Hisashi , Sato Haruo , Ohtake Masakazu , Nishimura Takeshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe studied the generation and propagation of high-frequency (above 1 Hz) S-wave energy from the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan, earthquake (MW 6.9) by analyzing seismogram envelopes of the mainshock and aftershocks. We first investigated the propagation characteristics of high-frequency S-wave energy in the heterogeneous lithosphere around the source region. By applying the multiple lapse time window analysis method to aftershock records, we estimated two parameters that quantitatively characterize the heterogeneity of the medium: the total scattering coefficient and the intrinsic absorption of the medium for S waves. Observed envelopes of aftershocks were well reproduced by the envelope Green functions synthesized based on the radiative transfer theory with the obtained parameters. Next, we applied the envelope inversion method to 13 strong-motion records of the mainshock. We divided the mainshock fault plane of 49 × 21 km into 21 subfaults of 7 × 7 km square and estimated the spatial distribution of the high-frequency energy radiation on that plane. The average constant rupture velocity and the duration of energy radiation for each subfault were determined by grid searching to be 3.0 km/sec and 5.0 sec, respectively. Energy radiated from the whole fault plane was estimated as 4.9 × 1014 J for 1 to 2 Hz, 3.3 × 1014 J for 2 to 4 Hz, 1.5 × 1014 J for 4 to 8 Hz, 8.9 × 1012 J for 8 to 16 Hz, and 9.8 × 1014 J in all four frequency bands. We found that strong energy was mainly radiated from three regions on the mainshock fault plane: around the initial rupture point, near the surface at Awaji Island, and a shallow portion beneath Kobe. We interpret that energetic portions were associated with rupture acceleration, a fault surface break, and rupture termination, respectively.
Optical Coherence Tomography — Angiography in Revealing Predictors of Small Choroidal Melanoma Transpupillary Thermotherapy Efficiency
Authors: Myakoshina E. B. , Saakyan S. V. , Ivanova O. A. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To reveal predictors of small choroidal melanoma transpupillary thermotherapy efficiency using optical coherence tomography-angiography.Patients and methods. 34 patients with small choroidal melanoma at an average age of 55.0 ± 2.9 years were examined. Optical coherence tomography-angiography was performed on an OCT-Angiography Software for RS-3000 Advance Optical Coherent Tomograph, Nidek, Japan, before and 4 months after 1 session of transpupillary thermotherapy. Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) was performed with a Nidec DC 3300 diode laser.Results. Prior to TTT — a loop-shaped, cranked-convoluted with an uneven lumen heterogeneous nature of the vasculature of the tumor with numerous bends and interlacing, located under the vessels of the retina in the central zone; the area of neovascular vasculature is 32.82 mm2, the density is 12.42 %. The limiting avascular zone is on the periphery. Around melanoma is a homogeneous hyperreflective rim of dilated choriocapillaries. 4 months after 1 session of TTT in 24 (70.6 %) of 34 cases — occlusion of the choriocapillaries in the central and peripheral zone of the tumor (avascular regions), expansion of the large and medium vessels of the choroid around the focus — predictors of complete tumor devitalization (chorioretinal scar). In 6 (17.6 %) of 34 patients, occlusion of the choriocapillaries in the central zone, expansion of large and medium vessels of the choroid around the tumor, along its periphery and in the paracentral region, retinochoroidal anastamoses along the periphery and in the paracentral zone, heterogeneous neovascularization of the choriocapillaries around; decrease in the area of vasculature — 12.44 mm2, density — 6.15 %, (p < 0.05) — predictors of partial devitalization of small choroidal melanoma (residual tumor). In 4 (11.8 %) of 34 cases, tumor vessels in the tumor area, large and medium vessels of the choroid around, along its periphery and in the central zone, occlusion of the choriocapillaries in the central zone, retinochoroidal anastamoses in the periphery and in the central zone, heterogeneous neovascularization choriocapillaries around; vascular network area — 29.13 mm2, density — 10.17 %, (p > 0.05), lack of devitalization (continued growth).Conclusion. The introduction of optical coherence tomography-angiography revealed the predictors of the effectiveness of transpupillary thermotherapy of the initial melanoma of the choroid, which are various types of tumor vascularization, indicating its about complete, partial or absence devitalization after treatment.
Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity inWestern Maharashtra
Authors: Kaul Sucheta , Magdum Renu , Mohan Madhuvanthi , Motwani Divya , Singh Chirag , Kotecha Megha 
Published: April 2021

ROP is a disease of the developing immature blood vessels in the retina of premature new born by toxicity of oxygen. With the recent advances in neonatal care there has been improvement in rates of survival in premature infants. Factors playing a role in ROP are low gestational age, low birth weight and increased oxygen supplementation after birth.To study the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity and to determine its risk factors.A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary centre from September 2018 to August 2020. 60 babies were screened with birth weight less than 1500 gms and gestational age less than 32 weeks. History was taken from parents and fundus examination was done. The grading of stages and zones was done. Data was entered in Excel and tests of statistical significance were used. The prevalence of ROP was 28%. ROP was seen in zone III in 70% and 47% had stage 2 ROP. Only 7% mothers had completed less than 28 weeks of gestation. The mean birth weight was 1.36 kgs. 71% of the ROP positive babies were delivered by normal vaginal delivery. 100% babies diagnosed with ROP had been subjected to oxygen supplementation. 47% babies developed sepsis whereas 76% babies had history of RDS. ROP is a preventable cause of blindness in childhood. Early screening by an ophthalmologist is important to prevent this. The burden of ROP is bound to rise due to increased advances in the field of neonatology if screening protocols are not implemented stringently.
Management of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion-combined treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab and ozurdex implant
Authors: Prashanth C N  , Babu M N Anand , Natesh Sribhargava 
Published: April 2021

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dexamethasone implant in combination with intravitreal bevacizumab injection in the management of macular edema secondary to branch retinal venous occlusion. 10 eyes were prospectively investigated. Each eye was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab followed by intravitreal ozurdex at a two-week interval. Recurrence of macular edema was treated with ozurdex only. Patient were evaluated preoperatively with BCVA, IOP, OCT and fundus evaluation and followed up at 15 days, 2months and 4months of ozurdex injection. Fallow up all patient for 1 year duration. Mean BCVA at presentation was 0.81 log mar, and that improved to after 15 days of intravitreal bevacizumab was 0.55 log mar. At 15 days, 2 months and 4 months of intravitreal ozurdex implantation mean BCVA was 0.54logmar, 0.54 log mar and 0.6logmar respectively. Mean central foveal retinal thickness at presentation was 538 µm and reduced to 235 µm, after intravitreal bevacizumab. At 15 days, 2 months and 4 months after intravitreal ozurdex implantation mean central foveal retinal thickness was 182.14 µm, 189.28 µm and 352.14 µm respectively. Mean Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated about 1 mm of Hg after bevacizumab, about 3 mm of Hg after 4 months of ozurdex with using single anti glaucoma medication and one patient had progression of cataract after 2 injection of ozurdex. Combined treatment of intravitreal bevacizumab and ozurdex shows better and a sustained functional outcome. Increased intraocular pressure and cataract formation can be potential concerns and should be monitored.
Comparison of rapid serological diagnostic test in diagnosing typhoid fever in a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Rani Ekta , Kotpal Ruchi , Kumar Alok 
Published: April 2021

: In the study we compare the sensitivity and specificity of two commonly used rapid serological test, Widal test and Typhidot, in the diagnosing of Typhoid fever. Serum samples coming to the microbiology laboratory for routine testing over the period from September 2019 to November 2020 were analysed for the comparison for the presence of the Salmonella antibodies by carrying out the Typhidot and Widal tube agglutination test in tertiary care centre.: Out of 580 blood specimen, 49.3% cases were positive by Typhidot and 38.6% cases were positive by Widal method.Typhidot is a rapid and more sensitive test for early diagnosis of typhoid fever. It is now commercially available for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in areas with limited resources. Widal test showed the sensitivity and specificity of 37% & 62.4% respectively. Typhi dot test showed sensitivity of 41.4% and specificity of 56.5%.