bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverting vertical gravity anomaly gradients using multidirectional data from a mean sea surface model: the case of the Arabian Sea
Authors: Zhou Ruichen , Liu Xin , Guo Jinyun , Hwang Cheinway , Jia Yongjun , Chang Xiaotao , Sun Heping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvancements in satellite altimetry have significantly enhanced high-resolution mean sea surface (MSS) models, enabling the computation of high-resolution vertical gravity anomaly gradient (VGAG) models. This study focused on the methodology for computing VGAG models using MSS models, introducing innovative improvements to established techniques. Using the SDUST2020 MSS model within the Arabian Sea research area, the DTU22 and CNES-CLS22 mean dynamic topography (MDT) models, and the XGM2019e_2159 Earth gravity field model for the remove–restore process, the short-wavelength geoid was derived. To harness the extensive marine gravity field information within the MSS model, the study considered the complex marine environment and calculated the second-order derivatives of the geoid in multiple directions. These derivatives were then used to determine their north–south and east–west components through the least squares method, resulting in the computation of the short-wavelength VGAG. By restoring the long-wavelength VGAG, a VGAG model for the study area was established. Finally, the results were analyzed using the SIO V32.1 VGAG model (named curv). Experimental results demonstrated that this approach effectively extracted marine gravity field information from the MSS model using multidirectional data, mitigating the amplification of geoid uncertainties caused by second-order derivatives.
Graphical Abstract
Assessment of MGMT promoter methylation status in glioblastoma using deep learning features from multi-sequence MRI of intratumoral and peritumoral regions
Authors: Yu Xuan , Zhou Jing , Wu Yaping , Bai Yan , Meng Nan , Wu Qingxia , Jin Shuting , Liu Huanhuan , Li Panlong , Wang Meiyun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning features derived from multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status among glioblastoma patients.

Methods
Clinical, pathological, and MRI data of 356 glioblastoma patients (251 methylated, 105 unmethylated) were retrospectively examined from the public dataset The Cancer Imaging Archive. Each patient underwent preoperative multi-sequence brain MRI scans, which included T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI). Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated to identify the necrotic tumor core (NCR), enhancing tumor (ET), and peritumoral edema (PED). The ET and NCR regions were categorized as intratumoral ROIs, whereas the PED region was categorized as peritumoral ROIs. Predictive models were developed using the Transformer algorithm based on intratumoral, peritumoral, and combined MRI features. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was employed to assess predictive performance.

Results
The ROI-based models of intratumoral and peritumoral regions, utilizing deep learning algorithms on multi-sequence MRI, were capable of predicting MGMT promoter methylation status in glioblastoma patients. The combined model of intratumoral and peritumoral regions exhibited superior diagnostic performance relative to individual models, achieving an AUC of 0.923 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.890 – 0.948) in stratified cross-validation, with sensitivity and specificity of 86.45% and 87.62%, respectively.

Conclusion
The deep learning model based on MRI data can effectively distinguish between glioblastoma patients with and without MGMT promoter methylation.
Regional Hereditary Cancer Program in Chile: A scalable model of genetic counseling and molecular diagnosis to improve clinical outcomes for patients with hereditary cancer across Latin America
Authors: Landeros Natalia , Vargas-Roig Laura , Denita Silvina , Mampel Alejandra , Hasbún Rafael , Araya Hernán , Castillo Iván , Valdes Camila , Flores Marcela , Salter Juan Salgado , Vasquez Katherin , Romero Jacqueline , Pérez-Castro Ramón 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with hereditary forms accounting for approximately 10% of cases. In Chile, significant gaps exist in genetic counseling and testing, particularly within the public health system. This study presents the implementation and outcomes of the first regional hereditary cancer program in the Maule region of Chile, aimed at improving detection and management of hereditary breast cancer.

Methods
A cohort of 48 high-risk breast cancer patients from the Hospital Regional de Talca received genetic counseling and underwent Next-Generation Sequencing multigene panel testing. The program was established through collaboration between multiple institutions, leveraging telemedicine and outsourcing sequencing analysis to address regional gaps.

Results
Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 12% of patients, including in BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, and PALB2. Notably, novel pathogenic variants in BRCA1 (rs80357505) and TP53 (rs1131691022) were discovered, highlighting the unique genetic landscape of the Chilean population. Additionally, 70 variants of uncertain significance were found across 42 genes, particularly in FAN1, MSH6, and FANCI, underscoring the need for further research. The program’s collaborative approach effectively bridged critical gaps in genetic services, providing high-quality care within the public health system despite limited resources.

Conclusions
The Regional Hereditary Cancer Program addresses significant gaps in genetic counseling and testing in Chile’s public health system. This scalable model enhances early detection and personalized treatment for hereditary cancer patients and could be adapted to other regions across Latin America.
Option value, investment costs and deployment levels of smart grid technologies
Authors: Giannelos Spyros , Borozan Stefan , Konstantelos Ioannis , Strbac Goran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe global effort to mitigate the effects of climate change has triggered the need for significant changes in electricity grids, including the deployment of smart grid technologies. This paper explores key smart grid economics such as the investment cost of smart technologies, their level of deployment in the grid, as well as their option value. An extensive sensitivity analysis carried out using a stochastic optimization model studies how the investment cost affects the level of deployment of smart grid technologies and their option value. The analysis focuses on smart technologies, including the soft open point, smart charging of electric vehicles, dynamic line rating, energy storage, and soft open point. The results demonstrate an inverse relationship between the option value of smart technologies, the investment cost as well as the extent of conventional network reinforcement, underscoring the trade-offs in economic decision-making for energy systems.
Exploring trauma and resilience of Urban South Sudanese refugees in Sudan
Authors: Bashir Shima , Eltayeb Shahla , Badri Alia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore the lived experiences of South Sudanese refugees in White Nile state, Sudan, focusing on the impact of pre-refugee life, war-related trauma, and current camp conditions on their mental health. Additionally, it aims to emphasize the strategies used by refugees to cope with challenges and highlight deficiencies in services offered by humanitarian agencis. The study used a qualitative analysis approach and conducted in-depth interviews with 15 refugees from South Sudan residing in White Nile State refugee camps in Sudan. Participants were recruited from the two refugee camps, ensuring diversity in age and gender. All focus group discussions were audio-recorded, and detailed transcripts were generated. The transcribed data were subjected to thematic analysis. The investigation revealed a number of patterns. First, participants recalled a pre-refugee life marked by safety, joy, and community cohesion, which sharply contrasted with their subsequent experiences of violence and displacement. Furthermore, refugees have conveyed substantial psychological distress resulting from their exposure to violence, suffering physical mistreatment, and the loss of their dear ones. These experiences have left profound psychological trauma and feelings of anxiety. Furthermore, the existing circumstances in the refugee camps intensified their psychological distress, as they faced challenges in having access to basic needs, job, schooling, and preserving their cultural traditions. Coping strategies of the refugees predominantly relied on cultural practices, family support, and religious prayer. By incorporating refugees’ resilience and community engagement as factors that promote long-term stability in South Sudanese refugee communities, this study underscores the urgent need for humanitarian organizations to redesign a more holistic approach that includes immediate mental health needs, socioeconomic factors, educational accessibility, and gainful employment. Ultimately, this study advocates a paradigm shift in humanitarian efforts to prioritize mental health services for refugees by addressing the interlinked nature of mental health and broader socioeconomic factors.
Development and evaluation of deuterated [18F]JHU94620 isotopologues for the non-invasive assessment of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor in brain
Authors: Gündel Daniel , Maqbool Mudasir , Teodoro Rodrigo , Ludwig Friedrich-Alexander , Heerklotz Anne , Toussaint Magali , Deuther-Conrad Winnie , Bormans Guy , Brust Peter , Kopka Klaus , Moldovan Rareş-Petru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R) represent a target of increasing importance in neuroimaging due to its upregulation under various neuropathological conditions. Previous evaluation of [18F]JHU94620 for the non-invasive assessment of the CB2R availability by positron emission tomography (PET) revealed favourable binding properties and brain uptake, however rapid metabolism, and generation of brain-penetrating radiometabolites have been its main limitations. To reduce the bias of CB2R quantification by blood–brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating radiometabolites, we aimed to improve the metabolic stability by developing -d4 and -d8 deuterated isotopologues of [18F]JHU94620.

Results
The deuterated [18F]JHU94620 isotopologues showed improved metabolic stability avoiding the accumulation of BBB-penetrating radiometabolites in the brain over time. CB2R-specific binding with KD values in the low nanomolar range was determined across species. Dynamic PET studies revealed a CB2R-specific and reversible uptake of [18F]JHU94620-d8 in the spleen and to a local hCB2R(D80N) protein overexpression in the striatal region in rats.

Conclusion
These results support further investigations of [18F]JHU94620-d8 in pathological models and tissues with a CB2R overexpression as a prerequisite for clinical translation.
Merits of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic tumor volume for prediction of occult axillary lymph node metastasis in luminal early breast cancer patients with clinical and radiologically negative axilla
Authors: Sayed Mohamed H. M. , Tawfik Ahmed Ibrahim , Mohamadien Nsreen R. A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
To see if pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic tumor volume (MTV) might predict occult axillary lymph node metastases (ALNM) in luminal early breast cancer (BC) with negative axilla on clinical examination, radiological studies, and conventional 18F-FDG PET/CT interpretation.

Methods
Out of 330 consecutive patients with early BC who were referred for preoperative staging, only 110 female patients with luminal early BC who had biopsy-proven axillary lymph node (ALN) status and negative axilla on clinical examination, radiological studies, and conventional 18F-FDG PET/CT interpretation, were eligible for analysis. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean, MTV, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and clinicopathological features were determined. Via ROC analysis, we determined the optimal cutoff values for SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, and TLG of the primary tumor to predict ALNM. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the most potent PET metabolic parameters to predict ALNM.

Results
Pathologic ALNM was identified in 29.1% of cases; 40.6% of them had lymphovascular invasion (LVI) compared to 9% of the ALN-negative group (P < 0.0001). The median MTV of tumors with ALNM was significantly higher than that of the ALN-negative group (P = 0.049). The best cutoff value of MTV was > 4.83. In univariate analysis, MTV (P = 0.005) and LVI (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with ALNM, and in multivariate analysis, both MTV (P = 0.002) and LVI (P < 0.0001) were confirmed to be independent predictors for ALNM.

Conclusions
In early luminal BC with clinically and radiologically negative axilla, including negative conventional interpretation of PET/CT, the inclusion of MTV has an added value in predicting ALNM.
Effect of platelet-rich plasma on recurrence of sinonasal polyps after endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Samiea Alaa Mohamed Abd El , Elkady Ahmed Soliman , Elnagdy Ahmed Abdelrahman Ibrahim , Ghallab Abdelhakim Foaad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a persistent inflammatory condition that often requires surgical intervention. Despite advances in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), recurrence rates remain significant. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), known for its regenerative properties, has been suggested to reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Methodology
This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 40 patients which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP in reducing the recurrence and healing of sinonasal polyps after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) after 6 months follow-up. Patients aged over 18 years and under 60 years old, with more than 3 months of CRS symptoms with endoscopic evidence of polyps and/or mucosal changes on a CT scan were included in our study. Previous sinus surgery, systemic vasculitis, immune deficiency, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, patients with uncontrolled systemic diseases or coagulopathy, history of asthma, aspirin sensitivity, cystic fibrosis, and congenital mucociliary problems were excluded from our study.

Results
Both groups showed improvement in Lund-Kennedy scores and SNOT-22 scores postoperatively. However, Group 1 demonstrated significantly greater improvement at 3 months (median Lund-Kennedy score: 4.0 vs. 6.0, p < 0.001) and 6 months (median Lund-Kennedy score: 4.5 vs. 6.0, p < 0.001) compared to Group 2. Additionally, the percent change in Lund-Kennedy scores was significantly higher in Group 1 (median 40.18% vs. 14.29%, p < 0.001). Group 1 also exhibited a substantial reduction in SNOT-22 scores at 6 months (median score: 7.0 vs. 45.0, p < 0.001) with a higher median percent change (90.91% vs. 43.65%, p < 0.001). Notably, relapse rates were lower in Group 1 (15.0%) compared to Group 2 (50.0%) at 6 months (p = 0.018).

Conclusions
PRP injection during FESS significantly reduces the recurrence of sinonasal polyps and improves clinical outcomes in patients with CRSwNP. These findings suggest PRP as a promising adjunctive treatment to enhance surgical outcomes and reduce healthcare burdens associated with recurrent sinonasal polyposis.
Epidemiological surveillance and economic impact analysis of different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection statuses in 23 breeding pig farms in Hubei, China
Authors: Zhao Huifeng , Zhou Jingwei , Zhang Min , Yang Xiutao , Xi Zhaofang , Gao Qingxia , Fang Rui , Zhao Pengfei , Zhao Junlong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has emerged as a significant threat to the pig farming industry worldwide, resulting in considerable economic losses. However, few reports detail its economic impact on the pig farming sector. A study was conducted on 23 breeding pig farms in Hubei Province from January 2021 to December 2023, and the PRRSV infection status and associated economic losses were monitored to address this gap. PRRSV antigens and antibodies were identified through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additional monthly production data and weaning costs were gathered. The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used to assess the differences in production efficiency and weaning costs across various PRRSV infection statuses. Dunn’s test was used to compare multiple groups. The parameter distributions of various variables were determined via @RISK (V. 8.5.2) software. Models were developed to evaluate the economic impact of PRRSV infection status on breeding pig farms and assess the losses from a PRRSV outbreak in either provisional PRRSV-negative or PRRSV-positive stable farms. A total of 754 months of monitoring was conducted across 23 breeding pig farms, which included 131 months (17.37%) classified as PRRSV provisional negative, 298 months (39.52%) as PRRSV-positive stable, and 325 months (43.11%) as PRRSV-positive unstable. The production efficiency and weaning costs were similar between provisional PRRSV-negative farms and PRRSV-positive stable farms, revealing no significant differences. However, these metrics varied significantly compared with those of PRRSV-positive unstable farms. With respect to provisional PRRSV-negative farms, PRRSV-positive stable farms and unstable farms faced additional annual losses of ¥3,135.17 and ¥4,898.79 per sow, respectively. Compared with PRRSV-positive stable farms, PRRSV-positive unstable farms incurred an extra annual loss of ¥1,763.62 per sow. Upon a PRRSV outbreak on a swine farm, followed by a return to preoutbreak conditions, the average economic loss per sow on provisional PRRSV-negative farms is approximately ¥3,061.21. Conversely, PRRSV-positive stable farms face an average loss of approximately ¥508.42 per sow. This study provides a systematic evaluation of the economic impact of PRRSV on Chinese pig farms, offering data to support the quantitative assessment of economic losses stemming from PRRSV within the domestic pig farming industry.
Epidemiological study of lamb and kid morbidity and mortality rates and associated risk factors in an extensive management system in the Dalocha district, Silte Zone, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Anwar Redwan , Abebe Rahmeto , Sheferaw Desie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSmall ruminants are vital to the economy of Ethiopia and significantly contribute to the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers. However, poor management practices and high mortality rates among young lambs and kids have hindered their economic potential. A prospective cohort study was conducted in three rural villages in Dalocha district with the aim of estimating morbidity and mortality rates among these animals and identifying associated risk factors. The study monitored 130 lambs and kids every 15 days from birth to three months and recorded health events and deaths. Data analysis utilized Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis, log-rank tests, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. The results revealed an overall morbidity rate of 0.58 and a mortality rate of 0.2 cases per 100 lamb days at risk for lambs, whereas the rates of morbidity and mortality for kids were 0.27 and 0.1 cases per 100 kid days, respectively. Respiratory issues were the leading health problem, accounting for 35.9% of morbidity cases, whereas diarrhea accounted for 38.5% of deaths. The hazard of morbidity was 2.1 times greater for lambs than for kids (HR = 2.1; p = 0.039). Additionally, the morbidity hazard was significantly greater in lambs and kids from multiparous dams (HR = 3.8, p = 0.017) but 89% lower in vaccinated flocks (HR = 0.11, p = 0.001). The identified risk factors for mortality included litter size and maternal behavior. Twin-born lambs and kids presented a mortality hazard that was 6.31 times greater than that of singletons (HR = 6.31; p = 0.025), whereas offspring from dams with poor mothering presented a mortality hazard that was more than 24 times greater (HR = 24.56; p = 0.006) than that of offspring from normal mothers. This study underscores the need for improved maternal care, access to colostrum, better bonding, and suitable environments for multiple births to reduce morbidity and mortality rates among lambs and kids. Further research into the specific causes of these issues is recommended.
The importance of mammography in the prevention of breast cancer in women in Norway
Authors: Pałac Renata , Mielnik Aneta , Cipora Elżbieta 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Breast cancer in women in the world is the dominant cancer and the main cause of death in this population.In the last decade, the number of new cases of this cancer has increased significantly, especially among women over 50 years of age. In Norway, however, positive epidemiological trends can be observed in the form of high relative five-year survival rates and a decrease in mortality due to breast cancer.
The aim of the study is to present the recommendations and effects of the mammography program in women in Norway for the prevention of breast cancer.
Material and methods. The study uses the method of review and analysis of literature from databases of scientific journals - mainly PubMed. The search used the following keywords: "breast cancer", "Norway", "mammography", "women". In addition, Norwegian statistical registers on demographic data were also analysed.
Results. It should be emphasized that women in Norway are very interested in mammography screening, which means that breast cancer in this country is most often diagnosed at an early stage of development. The Norwegian Research Council found that mammography has reduced women's mortality from breast cancer by more than 20%. In 2023, the five-year survival rate for women with breast cancer in Norway was high, at 92.7%. There was also a decrease in mortality from 694 deaths in 2005 to 619 in 2022.
Conclusions. National and international cooperation should be continued, sharing experiences in health-promoting activities aimed at improving epidemiological indicators and quality of life of women with breast cancer, and conducting scientific research in this area.