bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming Kinematics of Cyprids of the Barnacle Balanus glandula
Authors: Lamont Eleanor I , Emlet Richard B 
Published: April 2021

Synopsis
Larvae of barnacles typically pass through naupliar and cyprid planktonic stages before settlement and metamorphosis. As the final larval stage, cyprids swim much faster than nauplii and in turbulent fluid environments with high shears as they seek habitat. Cyprids swim with six pairs of reciprocating thoracic appendages and use two anterior antennules during settlement. Our understanding of how thoracic appendages generate movement is limited due to short stroke intervals (∼5 ms) that impede observations of the shape and trajectory of appendages. Here, we used high-speed videography to observe both free-swimming and tethered cyprids of the intertidal acorn barnacle Balanus glandula to produce a comprehensive description of thoracic appendage swimming kinematics. Cyprids used a drag-based method of swimming: their six pairs of thoracic appendages moved through metachronal power strokes and synchronous recovery strokes similar to the thoracopod motions in calanoid copepods during escape swimming. During the power stroke, plumose setae on each appendage pair spread laterally into a high surface area and high drag paddle composed of a meshwork of fused setules. This interconnected setal array collapsed into a low surface area and low drag shape during the recovery stroke. These effective swimming appendages allowed cyprids to move upward at an average speed of 1.4 cm/s (∼25 body lengths/s) with an average beat frequency of 16 beats/s, and reach an instantaneous velocity of up to 6 cm/s. Beat frequency of the thoracic appendages was significantly associated with speed, with higher beat frequencies indicating faster swimming speed. At their average speed, cyprids moved at the intermediate Reynolds number of ∼10, in which both viscous and inertial forces affected movement. Cyprids could alter swimming direction by sweeping the posterior-most appendage pair to one side and beating the remaining thoracic appendages synchronously through the power stroke with greater motion on the outside of their turn. These results greatly enhance our understanding both of cyprid motility and how small planktonic organisms can use swimming appendages with fused setule arrays to reach high swimming speeds and affect directional changes.
Double Quasi-Poisson Algebras are Pre-Calabi-Yau
Authors: Fernández David , Herscovich Estanislao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, we prove that double quasi-Poisson algebras, which are noncommutative analogues of quasi-Poisson manifolds, naturally give rise to pre-Calabi-Yau algebras. This extends one of the main results in [11], where a correspondence between certain pre-Calabi-Yau algebras and double Poisson algebras was found (see also [13, 12, 10]). However, a major difference between the pre-Calabi-Yau algebra constructed in the mentioned articles and the one constructed in this work is that the higher multiplications indexed by even integers of the underlying $A_{\infty }$-algebra structure of the pre-Calabi-Yau algebra associated with double quasi-Poisson algebra do not vanish, but are given by nice cyclic expressions multiplied by explicitly determined coefficients involving the Bernoulli numbers.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Colonization in Preterm Newborns With Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Szydłowicz Magdalena , Królak-Olejnik Barbara , Vargas Sergio L , Zajączkowska Żaneta , Paluszyńska Dorota , Szczygieł Anna , Matos Olga , Hendrich Andrzej B , Kicia Marta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We describe the prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in mother-infant pairs of very low birth weight newborns &lt;32 weeks gestation. Molecular and microscopic methods were used for detection of P. jirovecii in patients’ specimens. Pneumocystis DNA was detected in 8 nasopharyngeal aspirates (14%) of 56 newborns and in 7 oral washes (21%) of 34 mothers. Pneumocystis detection immediately after birth suggests the possibility of its transplacental transmission. Compared to noncolonized infants, more frequent occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was seen in colonized infants (P = .02), suggesting a potential clinical importance of this pathogen in abnormal lung development.
A combined assay for quantifying remdesivir and its metabolite, along with dexamethasone, in serum
Authors: Reckers Andrew , Wu Alan H B , Ong Chui Mei , Gandhi Monica , Metcalfe John , Gerona Roy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs global confirmed cases and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surpass 100 and 2.2 million, respectively, quantifying the effects of the widespread treatment of remdesivir (GS-5734, Veklury) and the steroid dexamethasone is becoming increasingly important. Limited pharmacokinetic studies indicate that remdesivir concentrations in serum decrease quickly after dosing, so its primary serum metabolite GS-441524 may have more analytical utility.ObjectivesWe developed and validated a method to quantify remdesivir, its metabolite GS-441524 and dexamethasone in human serum.MethodsWe used LC-MS/MS and applied the method to 23 serum samples from seven patients with severe COVID-19.ResultsThe method has limits of detection of 0.0375 ng/mL for remdesivir, 0.375 ng/mL for GS-441524 and 3.75 ng/mL for dexamethasone. We found low intra-patient variability, but significant inter-patient variability, in remdesivir, GS-441524 and dexamethasone levels.ConclusionsThe significant inter-patient variability highlights the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring of COVID-19 patients and possible dose adjustment to achieve efficacy.
Search for dormant black holes in ellipsoidal variables – II. A binary modified minimum mass ratio
Authors: Gomel Roy , Faigler Simchon , Mazeh Tsevi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis is the second of a series of papers that focuses on searching large sets of photometric light curves for evidence of close binaries with a dormant black hole, and, in some cases, a dormant neutron star. The detection of such a binary is based on identifying a star that displays a large ellipsoidal periodic modulation, induced by tidal interaction with its companion. Based on the observed ellipsoidal amplitude and the primary mass and radius, one can derive a minimum mass ratio of the binary. A binary with a minimum mass ratio significantly larger than unity might be a candidate for having a dormant compact-object companion. Unfortunately, the photometric search is hampered by the fact that in many cases the primary mass and radius are not well known. In this paper we present a simple approach that circumvents this problem by suggesting a robust modified minimum mass ratio, assuming the primary fills its Roche lobe. The newly defined modified minimum mass ratio is always smaller than the minimum mass ratio, which is, in its turn, smaller than the actual mass ratio. Therefore, binaries with a modified minimum mass ratio larger than unity are candidates for having a compact-object secondary.
Predictive Models of Genetic Redundancy inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Cusack Siobhan A , Wang Peipei , Lotreck Serena G , Moore Bethany M , Meng Fanrui , Conner Jeffrey K , Krysan Patrick J , Lehti-Shiu Melissa D , Shiu Shin-Han 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenetic redundancy refers to a situation where an individual with a loss-of-function mutation in one gene (single mutant) does not show an apparent phenotype until one or more paralogs are also knocked out (double/higher-order mutant). Previous studies have identified some characteristics common among redundant gene pairs, but a predictive model of genetic redundancy incorporating a wide variety of features derived from accumulating omics and mutant phenotype data is yet to be established. In addition, the relative importance of these features for genetic redundancy remains largely unclear. Here, we establish machine learning models for predicting whether a gene pair is likely redundant or not in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana based on six feature categories: functional annotations, evolutionary conservation including duplication patterns and mechanisms, epigenetic marks, protein properties including posttranslational modifications, gene expression, and gene network properties. The definition of redundancy, data transformations, feature subsets, and machine learning algorithms used significantly affected model performance based on holdout, testing phenotype data. Among the most important features in predicting gene pairs as redundant were having a paralog(s) from recent duplication events, annotation as a transcription factor, downregulation during stress conditions, and having similar expression patterns under stress conditions. We also explored the potential reasons underlying mispredictions and limitations of our studies. This genetic redundancy model sheds light on characteristics that may contribute to long-term maintenance of paralogs, and will ultimately allow for more targeted generation of functionally informative double mutants, advancing functional genomic studies.
Evolving origin-of-transfer sequences on staphylococcal conjugative and mobilizable plasmids—who’s mimicking whom?
Authors: Yui Eto Karina , Kwong Stephen M , LaBreck Patrick T , Crow Jade E , Traore Daouda A K , Parahitiyawa Nipuna , Fairhurst Heather M , Merrell D Scott , Firth Neville , Bond Charles S , Ramsay Joshua P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Staphylococcus aureus, most multiresistance plasmids lack conjugation or mobilization genes for horizontal transfer. However, most are mobilizable due to carriage of origin-of-transfer (oriT) sequences mimicking those of conjugative plasmids related to pWBG749. pWBG749-family plasmids have diverged to carry five distinct oriT subtypes and non-conjugative plasmids have been identified that contain mimics of each. The relaxasome accessory factor SmpO, encoded by each conjugative plasmid, determines specificity for its cognate oriT. Here we characterized the binding of SmpO proteins to each oriT. SmpO proteins predominantly formed tetramers in solution and bound 5′-GNNNNC-3′ sites within each oriT. Four of the five SmpO proteins specifically bound their cognate oriT. An F7K substitution in pWBG749 SmpO switched oriT-binding specificity in vitro. In vivo, the F7K substitution reduced but did not abolish self-transfer of pWBG749. Notably, the substitution broadened the oriT subtypes that were mobilized. Thus, this substitution represents a potential evolutionary intermediate with promiscuous DNA-binding specificity that could facilitate a switch between oriT specificities. Phylogenetic analysis suggests pWBG749-family plasmids have switched oriT specificity more than once during evolution. We hypothesize the convergent evolution of oriT specificity in distinct branches of the pWBG749-family phylogeny reflects indirect selection pressure to mobilize plasmids carrying non-cognate oriT-mimics.
Microbial food web dynamics in the oceanic Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Landry Michael R , Selph Karen E , Stukel Michael R , Swalethorp Rasmus , Kelly Thomas B , Beatty Jennifer L , Quackenbush Cameron R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were measured in repeated profiles of dilution experiments incubated in situ on a drift array in order to assess microbial production and food web characteristics in the oligotrophic bluefin tuna spawning habitat of the Gulf of Mexico (May peak spawning seasons, 2017–2018). Grazing often exceeded growth with the processes more balanced overall in the surface mixed layer, but biomass accumulated in the mid-euphotic zone. Community production estimates (260–500 mg C m−2 day−1) were low compared to similar open-ocean studies in the Pacific Ocean. Prochlorococcus was a consistent major contributor (113–204 mg C m−2 day−1) to productivity, while diatoms and dinoflagellates (2–10 and 4–13 mg C m−2 day−1, respectively) were consistently low. Prymnesiophytes, the most dynamic component (34–134 mg C m−2 day−1), co-dominated in 2017 experiments. Unexpected imbalances in grazing relative to production were observed for all picoplankton populations (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria), suggesting a trophic cascade in the absence of mesozooplankton predation on large microzooplankton. Study sites with abundant larval tuna had the shallowest deep chlorophyll maxima and significant net positive phytoplankton growth below the mixed layer.
Evaluation of revised classification criteria for giant cell arteritis and its clinical phenotypes
Authors: Wiberg Frans , Naderi Nazanin , Mohammad Aladdin J , Turesson Carl 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
GCA is a systemic vasculitis of the elderly, viewed by many as a disease with multiple and overlapping clinical phenotypes. Retrospective studies have shown differences in clinical presentation between these phenotypes. To reflect the heterogeneity of GCA and novel diagnostic methods, new classification criteria have been proposed.

Methods
This is a retrospective study of newly diagnosed patients with GCA at the outpatient rheumatology clinics at Skåne University Hospital (Malmö and Lund) between 2012 and 2018. All patients were evaluated using two sets of classification criteria, the ACR classification criteria from 1990 and a proposed revision of these criteria requiring objective findings (positive biopsy or imaging) for classification. Patients were further classified as one of four widely used clinical phenotypes.

Results
A total of 183 patients with a new diagnosis of GCA were identified. The diagnosis was confirmed by one or two experienced rheumatologists in 116 of these patients during a review of medical records. The ACR criteria were more sensitive than the revised criteria (93.1% vs 72.4%), but the revised criteria had higher specificity (94.0% vs 28.4%). The revised criteria tended to have higher sensitivity in the phenotype with constitutional symptoms compared with cranial GCA (P = 0.08).

Conclusion
The specificity of the ACR classification criteria for GCA can be improved by using revised criteria requiring objective findings of vasculitis. In addition, the wider symptoms covered by the revised criteria may improve classification of patients with a phenotype characterized by constitutional symptoms.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Wenhui , Huang Hong , Ji Lanlan , Zhang Zhuoli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Psoriasis and PsA are inflammatory diseases that affect women in their reproductive years. We aimed to investigate whether maternal psoriasis and PsA are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods
We searched multiple electronic databases from inception to 3 August 2020, and reference lists of selected articles. Observational studies reporting at least one pregnancy outcome in women with psoriasis or PsA with a comparator of general population or healthy subjects were included. Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI.

Results
Overall, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analyses showed pregnant women with psoriatic diseases have a significantly higher risk of adverse maternal outcomes compared with the general population [caesarean delivery: 1.33 (1.17, 1.52); preterm birth: 1.32 (1.15, 1.52); (pre)eclampsia: 1.28 (1.14, 1.43); gestational diabetes: 1.19 (1.10, 1.30); gestational hypertension: 1.30 (1.18, 1.44)]. However, no statistically increased risks of fetal complications were observed in women with psoriatic diseases [small for gestational age: 1.02 (0.93, 1.11); low birth weight: 1.15 (0.93, 1.42); congenital malformations: 1.03 (0.93, 1.14); Apgar score &lt;7: 1.07 (0.81, 1.39); neonatal mortality: 1.13 (0.90, 1.43); stillbirth: 1.19 (0.95, 1.50)]. Subgroup analysis found similar results in women with either psoriasis or PsA regarding maternal outcomes, and the magnitude of risk estimates seems to be greater in PsA, though without statistical difference.

Conclusions
Pregnant women with psoriasis and PsA have excess risk of adverse maternal events, but not adverse neonatal events. Close monitoring of the mothers’ clinical status before and during pregnancy is decidedly required in daily practice.
Regular physical activity-related awareness and knowledge in Portugal: results from a population-based survey
Authors: Guedes-Estevez Estefania , Costa Ana Rute , Moura-Ferreira Pedro , Lunet Nuno , Morais Samantha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies have shown that adequate physical activity (PA, defined as any bodily movement that requires energy expenditure) related awareness and knowledge is crucial to promote regular PA. Therefore, this study aims to characterize PA awareness and knowledge, and to quantify its association with sociodemographic characteristics, health literacy and frequency of exercise.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2012, a total of 1624 Portuguese-speaking residents of mainland Portugal (16–79 years old) were assessed through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Adjusted prevalence ratios, calculated using Poisson regression, were used to quantify associations with PA awareness and knowledge.

Results:
The most reported benefits of PA were “reduces abdominal fat accumulation” (95.8%), “reduces myocardial infarction risk” (92.9%) and “improves bone health” (90.7%), these were less referred by older participants, while more often identified by those who exercise daily. The most referred barrier for people to not practice PA regularly was “lack of time” (33.9%) with differences observed by sex, age, education, employment and health literacy. Over two-thirds of participants correctly identified at least 2 of 3 PAs (“running”, “soccer” and “tennis”) that require the most energy, particularly males, those with higher health literacy and who exercise twice or more times a week.

Conclusions:
An adequate PA-related awareness and knowledge was observed, and differences according to age, health literacy levels and frequency of exercise were found. As such, awareness-raising interventions to increase regular PA through improving physical literacy and motivation should focus on older adults, those with limited health literacy and who do not exercise.
Patient-Led Research Collaborative: embedding patients in the Long COVID narrative
Authors: McCorkell Lisa , S. Assaf Gina , E. Davis Hannah , Wei Hannah , Akrami Athena 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A large subset of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are experiencing symptoms well beyond the claimed 2-week recovery period for mild cases. These long-term sequelae have come to be known as Long COVID. Originating out of a dedicated online support group, a team of patients formed the Patient-Led Research Collaborative and conducted the first research on Long COVID experience and symptoms. This article discusses the history and value of patient-centric and patient-led research; the formation of Patient-Led Research Collaborative as well as key findings to date; and calls for the following: the acknowledgement of Long COVID as an illness, an accurate estimate of the prevalence of Long COVID, publicly available basic symptom management, care, and research to not be limited to those with positive polymerase chain reaction and antibody tests, and aggressive research and investigation into the pathophysiology of symptoms.
Orofacial pain in 1916 patients with early or moderate Parkinson disease
Authors: O'Neill Francis , Kobylecki Christopher , Carrasco Roberto , Hu Michele T. , Grosset Donald , Silverdale Monty ,   on behalf of the UK Parkinson's Pain Study Collaboration
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Several studies have reported that some types of orofacial pain are more common in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) than the general population.

Objectives:
In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported orofacial pain in a larger group of patients with PD than has been previously studied.

Methods:
We analysed data from 1916 participants with PD in a cross-sectional study recruited to the UK Parkinson's Pain Study who had detailed assessments of pain, motor, and nonmotor symptoms. The King's Parkinson's Pain scale was used to quantify different subtypes of pain.

Results:
A total of 139 (7.3%) patients reported the presence of some form of orofacial pain. Burning mouth syndrome was reported in 32 (1.7%), whereas chewing pain was found in 38 (2.0%) and grinding pain in 78 (4.0%). Orofacial pain was significantly more common in females (10.4%) than males (5.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between orofacial pain and pain severity, neuropathic pain, and oral motor and nonmotor dysfunction.

Conclusion:
In our study, population cohort of early patients with PD found prevalence of orofacial pain conditions similar to that in the general population.
Impaired HA-specific T follicular helper cell and antibody responses to influenza vaccination are linked to inflammation in humans
Authors: Hill Danika L , Innocentin Silvia , Wang Jiong , James Eddie A , Lee James C , Kwok William W , Zand Martin , Carr Edward J , Linterman Michelle A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntibody production following vaccination can provide protective immunity to subsequent infection from pathogens such as influenza. However, circumstances where antibody formation is impaired after vaccination, such as in older people, require us to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin successful vaccination in order to improve vaccine design for at risk groups. Here, by studying the breadth of anti-hemagglutinin (HA) IgG, serum cytokines, and B and T cell responses by flow cytometry before and after influenza vaccination, we show that formation of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) cells are the best predictor of high titre antibody responses. Using MHC class II tetramers we demonstrate that HA-specific cTfh cells can derived from pre-existing memory CD4+T cells and have a diverse TCR repertoire. In older people, the differentiation of HA-specific cells into cTfh cells was impaired. This age-dependent defect in cTfh cell formation was not due to a contraction of the TCR repertoire, but rather was linked with an increased inflammatory gene signature in cTfh cells. Together this suggests that strategies that temporarily dampen inflammation at the time of vaccination may be a viable strategy to boost optimal antibody generation upon immunisation of older people.One sentence summaryAntibody production upon vaccination requires antigen-specific cTfh cells whose formation is suppressed by pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling.