bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain markers predicting response to cognitive‐behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: an independent replication of Whitfield-Gabrieli et al. 2015
Authors: Ashar Yoni K. , Clark Joseph , Gunning Faith M. , Goldin Philippe , Gross James J. , Wager Tor D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPredictive brain markers promise a number of important scientific, clinical, and societal applications. Over 600 predictive brain markers have been described in published reports, but very few have been tested in independent replication attempts. Here, we conducted an independent replication of a previously published marker predicting treatment response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder from patterns of resting-state fMRI amygdala connectivity1. The replication attempt was conducted in an existing dataset similar to the dataset used in the original report, by a team of independent investigators in consultation with the original authors. The precise model described in the original report positively predicted treatment outcomes in the replication dataset, but with marginal statistical significance, permutation test p = 0.1. The effect size was substantially smaller in the replication dataset, with the model explaining 2% of the variance in treatment outcomes, as compared to 21% in the original report. Several lines of evidence, including the current replication attempt, suggest that features of amygdala function or structure may be able to predict treatment response in anxiety disorders. However, predictive models that explain a substantial amount of variance in independent datasets will be needed for scientific and clinical applications.
Intermedin1-53 attenuates atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by inhibiting CHOP-mediated apoptosis and inflammasome in macrophages
Authors: Ren Jin-Ling , Chen Yao , Zhang Lin-Shuang , Zhang Ya-Rong , Liu Shi-Meng , Yu Yan-Rong , Jia Mo-Zhi , Tang Chao-Shu , Qi Yong-Fen , Lu Wei-Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAtherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture increase the risk of acute coronary syndromes. Advanced lesion macrophage apoptosis plays important role in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been proved to be a key mechanism of macrophage apoptosis. Intermedin (IMD) is a regulator of ERS. Here, we investigated whether IMD enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability by inhibiting ERS-CHOP-mediated apoptosis and subsequent inflammasome in macrophages. We studied the effects of IMD on features of plaque vulnerability in hyperlipemia apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Six-week IMD1-53infusion significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size. Of note, IMD1-53lowered lesion macrophage content and necrotic core size and increased fibrous cap thickness and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) content thus reducing overall plaque vulnerability. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that IMD1-53administration prevented ERS activation in aortic lesions of ApoE−/−mice, which was further confirmed in oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) induced macrophages. Similar to IMD, taurine (Tau), a non-selective ERS inhibitor significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size and plaque vulnerability. Moreover, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), a pro-apoptosis transcription factor involved in ERS, was significantly increased in advanced lesion macrophages, and deficiency of CHOP stabilized atherosclerotic plaques in AopE−/−mice. IMD1-53decreased CHOP level and apoptosis in vivo and in macrophages treated with ox-LDL. In addition, IMD1-53infusion ameliorated NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent proinflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro. IMD may attenuate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and plaque vulnerability by inhibiting ERS-CHOP-mediated macrophage apoptosis, and subsequent NLRP3 triggered inflammation. The inhibitory effect of IMD on ERS-induced macrophages apoptosis was probably mediated by blocking CHOP activation.
HIF1α-dependent induction of the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 regulates bioenergetic adaptations to hypoxia
Authors: Laquatra Claudio , Sanchez-Martin Carlos , Dinarello Alberto , Cannino Giuseppe , Minervini Giovanni , Moroni Elisabetta , Schiavone Marco , Tosatto Silvio , Argenton Francesco , Colombo Giorgio , Bernardi Paolo , Masgras Ionica , Rasola Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mitochondrial paralog of the Hsp90 chaperone family TRAP1 is often induced in tumors, but the mechanisms controlling its expression, as well as its physiological functions remain poorly understood. Here, we find that TRAP1 is highly expressed in the early stages of Zebrafish development, and its ablation delays embryogenesis while increasing mitochondrial respiration of fish larvae. TRAP1 expression is enhanced by hypoxic conditions both in developing embryos and in cancer models of Zebrafish and mammals. The TRAP1 promoter contains evolutionary conserved hypoxic responsive elements, and HIF1α stabilization increases TRAP1 levels. TRAP1 inhibition by selective compounds or by genetic knock-out maintains a high level of respiration in Zebrafish embryos after exposure to hypoxia. Our data identify TRAP1 as a primary regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics in highly proliferating cells following reduction in oxygen tension and HIF1α stabilization.
The AaCBF4-AaBAM3.1 module enhances freezing tolerance of kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta)
Authors: Sun Shihang , Hu Chungen , Qi Xiujuan , Chen Jinyong , Zhong Yunpeng , Muhammad Abid , Lin Miaomiao , Fang Jinbao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBeta-amylase (BAM) plays an important role in plant resistance to cold stress. However, the specific role of theBAMgene in freezing tolerance is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that a cold-responsive gene module was involved in the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit. In this module, the expression ofAaBAM3.1, which encodes a functional protein, was induced by cold stress.AaBAM3.1-overexpressing kiwifruit lines showed increased freezing tolerance, and the heterologous overexpression ofAaBAM3.1inArabidopsis thalianaresulted in a similar phenotype. The results of promoter GUS activity andcis-element analyses predictedAaCBF4to be an upstream transcription factor that could regulateAaBAM3.1expression. Further investigation of protein-DNA interactions by using yeast one-hybrid, GUS coexpression, and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that AaCBF4 directly regulatedAaBAM3.1expression. In addition, the expression of bothAaBAM3.1andAaCBF4in kiwifruit responded positively to cold stress. Hence, we conclude that theAaCBF-AaBAMmodule is involved in the positive regulation of the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit.
Proteomic analysis of early-stage incompatible and compatible interactions between grapevine and P. viticola
Authors: Liu Guo-Tian , Wang Bian-Bian , Lecourieux David , Li Mei-Jie , Liu Ming-Bo , Liu Rui-Qi , Shang Bo-Xing , Yin Xiao , Wang Li-Jun , Lecourieux Fatma , Xu Yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWild grapevines can show strong resistance to the downy mildew pathogen P. viticola, but the associated mechanisms are poorly described, especially at early stages of infection. Here, we performed comparative proteomic analyses of grapevine leaves from the resistant genotype V. davidii “LiuBa-8” (LB) and susceptible V. vinifera “Pinot Noir” (PN) 12 h after inoculation with P. viticola. By employing the iTRAQ technique, a total of 444 and 349 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in LB and PN, respectively. The majority of these DEPs were related to photosynthesis, respiration, cell wall modification, protein metabolism, stress, and redox homeostasis. Compared with PN, LB showed fewer downregulated proteins associated with photosynthesis and more upregulated proteins associated with metabolism. At least a subset of PR proteins (PR10.2 and PR10.3) was upregulated upon inoculation in both genotypes, whereas HSP (HSP70.2 and HSP90.6) and cell wall-related XTH and BXL1 proteins were specifically upregulated in LB and PN, respectively. In the incompatible interaction, ROS signaling was evident by the accumulation of H2O2, and multiple APX and GST proteins were upregulated. These DEPs may play crucial roles in the grapevine response to downy mildew. Our results provide new insights into molecular events associated with downy mildew resistance in grapevine, which may be exploited to develop novel protection strategies against this disease.
DNMT1 reads heterochromatic H4K20me3 to reinforce LINE-1 DNA methylation
Authors: Ren Wendan , Fan Huitao , Grimm Sara A. , Kim Jae Jin , Li Linhui , Guo Yiran , Petell Christopher James , Tan Xiao-Feng , Zhang Zhi-Min , Coan John P. , Yin Jiekai , Kim Dae In , Gao Linfeng , Cai Ling , Khudaverdyan Nelli , Çetin Burak , Patel Dinshaw J. , Wang Yinsheng , Cui Qiang , Strahl Brian D. , Gozani Or , Miller Kyle M. , O’Leary Seán E. , Wade Paul A. , Wang Gang Greg , Song Jikui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDNA methylation and trimethylated histone H4 Lysine 20 (H4K20me3) constitute two important heterochromatin-enriched marks that frequently cooperate in silencing repetitive elements of the mammalian genome. However, it remains elusive how these two chromatin modifications crosstalk. Here, we report that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) specifically ‘recognizes’ H4K20me3 via its first bromo-adjacent-homology domain (DNMT1BAH1). Engagement of DNMT1BAH1-H4K20me3 ensures heterochromatin targeting of DNMT1 and DNA methylation at LINE-1 retrotransposons, and cooperates with the previously reported readout of histone H3 tail modifications (i.e., H3K9me3 and H3 ubiquitylation) by the RFTS domain to allosterically regulate DNMT1’s activity. Interplay between RFTS and BAH1 domains of DNMT1 profoundly impacts DNA methylation at both global and focal levels and genomic resistance to radiation-induced damage. Together, our study establishes a direct link between H4K20me3 and DNA methylation, providing a mechanism in which multivalent recognition of repressive histone modifications by DNMT1 ensures appropriate DNA methylation patterning and genomic stability.
Reconfigurable magnonic mode-hybridisation and spectral control in a bicomponent artificial spin ice
Authors: Gartside Jack C. , Vanstone Alex , Dion Troy , Stenning Kilian D. , Arroo Daan M. , Kurebayashi Hidekazu , Branford Will R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStrongly-interacting nanomagnetic arrays are finding increasing use as model host systems for reconfigurable magnonics. The strong inter-element coupling allows for stark spectral differences across a broad microstate space due to shifts in the dipolar field landscape. While these systems have yielded impressive initial results, developing rapid, scaleable means to access a broad range of spectrally-distinct microstates is an open research problem. We present a scheme whereby square artificial spin ice is modified by widening a ‘staircase’ subset of bars relative to the rest of the array, allowing preparation of any ordered vertex state via simple global-field protocols. Available microstates range from the system ground-state to high-energy ‘monopole’ states, with rich and distinct microstate-specific magnon spectra observed. Microstate-dependent mode-hybridisation and anticrossings are observed at both remanence and in-field with dynamic coupling strength tunable via microstate-selection. Experimental coupling strengths are found up to g/2π = 0.16 GHz. Microstate control allows fine mode-frequency shifting, gap creation and closing, and active mode number selection.
Machine learning applied to near-infrared spectra for clinical pleural effusion classification
Authors: Chen Zhongjian , Chen Keke , Lou Yan , Zhu Jing , Mao Weimin , Song Zhengbo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPE) have a particular poor prognosis. It is crucial to distinguish MPE from benign pleural effusion (BPE). The present study aims to develop a rapid, convenient and economical diagnostic method based on FTIR near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with machine learning strategy for clinical pleural effusion classification. NIRS spectra were recorded for 47 MPE samples and 35 BPE samples. The sample data were randomly divided into train set (n = 62) and test set (n = 20). Partial least squares, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting machine models were trained, and subsequent predictive performance were predicted on the test set. Besides the whole spectra used in modeling, selected features using SVM recursive feature elimination algorithm were also investigated in modeling. Among those models, NIRS combined with SVM showed the best predictive performance (accuracy: 1.0, kappa: 1.0, and AUCROC: 1.0). SVM with the top 50 feature wavenumbers also displayed a high predictive performance (accuracy: 0.95, kappa: 0.89, AUCROC: 0.99). Our study revealed that the combination of NIRS and machine learning is an innovative, rapid, and convenient method for clinical pleural effusion classification, and worth further evaluation.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of cells from different areas reveals ROS responsive mechanism at sclerotial initiation stage in Morchella importuna
Authors: Liu Qizheng , He Guoqiang , Wei Jinkang , Dong Caihong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMorels are some of the most highly prized edible and medicinal mushrooms, with great economic and scientific value. Outdoor cultivation has been achieved and expanded on a large scale in China in recent years. Sclerotial formation is one of the most important phases during the morel life cycle, and previous reports indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role. However, ROS response mechanisms at sclerotial initiation (SI) stage are poorly understood. In this study, comparative transcriptome analyses were performed with sclerotial and hyphal cells at different areas in the same plate at SI stage. Gene expression was significantly different at SI stage between sclerotial formation and mycelia growth areas. GO and KEGG analyses indicated more vigorous metabolic characteristics in the hyphae area, while transcription process, DNA repair, and protein processing were enriched in sclerotial cells. Gene expression related to H2O2 production was high in the hyphae area, while expression of H2O2-scavenging genes was high in sclerotial cells, leading to a higher H2O2 concentration in the hyphal region than in the sclerotium. Minor differences were observed in gene expression of H2O2-induced signaling pathway in sclerotial and hyphal cells; however, expression levels of the target genes of transcription factor MSN2, important in the H2O2-induced signaling pathways, were significantly different. MSN2 enhanced stress response regulation in sclerotia by regulating these target genes. Small molecular HSPs were also found upregulated in sclerotial cells. This study indicated that sclerotial cells are more resistant to ROS stress than hyphal cells through transcriptional regulation of related genes.
A numerical assessment of social distancing of preventing airborne transmission of COVID-19 during different breathing and coughing processes
Authors: Issakhov Alibek , Zhandaulet Yeldos , Omarova Perizat , Alimbek Aidana , Borsikbayeva Aliya , Mustafayeva Ardak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to show that geographic barriers alone cannot contain the virus. Asymptomatic carriers play a critical role in the nature of this virus, which is rapidly escalating into a global pandemic. Asymptomatic carriers can inadvertently transmit the virus through the air stream. Many diseases can infect human bodies with tiny droplets or particles that carry various viruses and bacteria that are generated by the respiratory system of infected patients. This article presents the numerical results of the spread of droplets or particles in a room. The proposed numerical model in this work takes into account the sedimentation of particles or droplets under the action of gravitational sedimentation and transport in the room during the process of breathing and sneezing or coughing. Three different cases are numerically investigated taking into account normal breathing and coughing or sneezing, respectively, and three different rates of particle ejection from the mouth are considered. Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flows were used to describe three-dimensional air flow inside ventilated rooms. The influence of ventilation rate on social distancing is also computationally investigated. It was found that particles can move up to 5 m with a decrease in concentration in the direction of the air flow. The conclusions made in this work show that, given the environmental conditions, the two meter social distance recommended by WHO is insufficient.
A multi-factorial mathematical model for the selection of electropolishing parameters with a view to reducing the environmental impact
Authors: Lochyński Paweł , Charazińska Sylwia , Karczewski Maciej , Łyczkowska-Widłak Edyta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectrochemical metal processing is a process that generates harmful pollution. An important goal often disregarded by researchers is not only the achievement of the best possible quality of electropolished surface, but also minimising the load of metal ions in the wastewater generated in the process. The conducted experiments on the electropolishing of stainless steel in laboratory conditions, varied time, temperature and current density conditions, as well as process bath contamination (ranging from 0 to 6% Fe mass) allowed us to develop a multi-factorial mathematical model. This model offers the possibility of being able to select the process parameters recommended for achieving the desired effects. It takes into account such surface quality parameters as roughness and gloss, process duration and current density that determine power consumption, as well as the weight loss of the electropolished element that influence the rate of contamination in processing baths and wastewater. The study presents the composition of a passive film of stainless steel after the electropolishing process at the initial and final stages of the process bath’s exploitation. The results obtained from XPS tests were then correlated with the results of corrosion tests and resistance to pitting corrosion in the environment of 0.1 M NaCl.
Disruption of prepulse inhibition is associated with compulsive behavior severity and nucleus accumbens dopamine receptor changes in Sapap3 knockout mice
Authors: Manning Elizabeth E. , Wang Abigail Y. , Saikali Linda M. , Winner Anna S. , Ahmari Susanne E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with disruption of sensorimotor gating, which may contribute to difficulties inhibiting intrusive thoughts and compulsive rituals. Neural mechanisms underlying these disturbances are unclear; however, striatal dopamine is implicated in regulation of sensorimotor gating and OCD pathophysiology. The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between sensorimotor gating, compulsive behavior, and striatal dopamine receptor levels in Sapap3 knockout mice (KOs), a widely used preclinical model system for OCD research. We found a trend for disruption of sensorimotor gating in Sapap3-KOs using the translational measure prepulse inhibition (PPI); however, there was significant heterogeneity in both PPI and compulsive grooming in KOs. Disruption of PPI was significantly correlated with a more severe compulsive phenotype. In addition, PPI disruption and compulsive grooming severity were associated with reduced dopamine D1 and D2/3 receptor density in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC). Compulsive grooming progressively worsened in Sapap3-KOs tested longitudinally, but PPI disruption was first detected in high-grooming KOs at 7 months of age. Through detailed characterization of individual differences in OCD-relevant behavioral and neurochemical measures, our findings suggest that NAcC dopamine receptor changes may be involved in disruption of sensorimotor gating and compulsive behavior relevant to OCD.
High shear resistance of insect cells: the basis for substantial improvements in cell culture process design
Authors: Strobl Florian , Duerkop Mark , Palmberger Dieter , Striedner Gerald 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMulticellular organisms cultivated in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) are more sensitive to environmental conditions in the suspension culture than microbial cells. The hypothesis, that stirring induced shear stress is the main problem, persists, although it has been shown that these cells are not so sensitive to shear. As these results are largely based on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell experiments the question remains if similar behavior is valid for insect cells with a higher specific oxygen demand. The requirement of higher oxygen transfer rates is associated with higher shear forces in the process. Consequently, we focused on the shear resistance of insect cells, using CHO cells as reference system. We applied a microfluidic device that allowed defined variations in shear rates. Both cell lines displayed high resistance to shear rates up to 8.73 × 105 s−1. Based on these results we used microbial CSTRs, operated at high revolution speeds and low aeration rates and found no negative impact on cell viability. Further, this cultivation approach led to substantially reduced gas flow rates, gas bubble and foam formation, while addition of pure oxygen was no longer necessary. Therefore, this study contributes to the development of more robust insect cell culture processes.
Meridional changes in the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre during Heinrich Stadials
Authors: Pinho Tainã M. L. , Chiessi Cristiano M. , Portilho-Ramos Rodrigo C. , Campos Marília C. , Crivellari Stefano , Nascimento Rodrigo A. , Albuquerque Ana L. S. , Bahr André , Mulitza Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSubtropical ocean gyres play a key role in modulating the global climate system redistributing energy between low and high latitudes. A poleward displacement of the subtropical gyres has been observed over the last decades, but the lack of long-term monitoring data hinders an in-depth understanding of their dynamics. Paleoceanographic records offer the opportunity to identify meridional changes in the subtropical gyres and investigate their consequences to the climate system. Here we use the abundance of planktonic foraminiferal speciesGloborotalia truncatulinodesfrom a sediment core collected at the northernmost boundary of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (SASG) together with a previously published record of the same species from the southernmost boundary of the SASG to reconstruct meridional fluctuations of the SASG over last ca. 70 kyr. Our findings indicate southward displacements of the SASG during Heinrich Stadials (HS) 6-4 and HS1, and a contraction of the SASG during HS3 and HS2. During HS6-4 and HS1, the SASG southward displacements likely boosted the transfer of heat to the Southern Ocean, ultimately strengthening deep-water upwelling and CO2release to the atmosphere. We hypothesize that the ongoing SASG poleward displacement may further increase oceanic CO2release.