bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron microtomography‐based osteohistology ofGansus yumenensis: new data on the evolution of uninterrupted bone deposition in basal birds
Authors: Monfroy Quentin T. , Kundrát Martin , O’Connor Jingmai K. , Hai‐Lu You , Marone Federica , Stampanoni Marco , Šmajda Beňadik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany studies of the limb bones from birds of the major clades reveal a mosaic evolution in morphological characters. From this, we assume that uninterrupted compact bone evolved independently multiple times outside of the crown group. We hypothesise that there are key intraskeletal changes in the osteohistological features, such as the organisation of the vascular network. To test these hypotheses, we analysed and described the osteohistological features of five different midshaft samples ofGansus yumenensis, a non‐ornithurine Euornithes from China, based on virtual models obtained from synchrotron microtomography scans, a less invasive method that the traditional physical cross section. We performed quantitative analyses with volume, surface area and estimated ratios. The osteohistological features ofGansus yumenensiswere compared with those of stem and crown birds. From our analyses, we discuss the pros/cons of using synchrotron microtomography scans compared to traditional physical cross section. Our analyses demonstrate thatGansus yumenensisis the fourth described extinct Euornithes to exhibit uninterrupted bone deposition in all bone samples, providing further support for multiple origins of this feature outside of the bird crown group. Finally, our osteohistological investigation ofGansus yumenensisprovides future study avenues regarding the evolution and development of bone tissue in fossil birds.
Aphidophagous ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and climate change: a review
Authors: Sloggett John J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
I here review the potential effects of climate change on aphidophagous ladybirds and their future diversity. Aphidophagous ladybirds face challenges arising directly from climatic change and indirect challenges due to the effect of climate on their aphid prey and other organisms with which they interact.
Ladybirds show at least some potential to respond to changes of climate through genetic change or phenotypic plasticity, notably through changes in colour pattern, dormancy and voltinism but also through thermal physiology and microhabitat or habitat plasticity.
Phenological changes will likely occur in many aphidophagous species arising from relations with their prey. Changes in aphid abundance may lead to changes in ladybird prey associations over the season. The tendency to prey on multiple aphid species will insulate many ladybird predators from decline resulting from changes in the abundance of particular aphids.
Like other insects, the geographic ranges of aphidophagous ladybird species will change as they track the climate. This is evidenced by the fossil record of ladybirds and by recent changes in ladybird biogeography. Such changes may be accompanied by a degree of thermal or phenological adaptation.
It is likely that cold‐adapted ladybirds and some island species will go extinct. Specialised species may also be threatened. A problem in assessing the threat to the latter is the minimal amount of research carried out on specialised species.
In summary, aphidophagous ladybirds exhibit some potential resilience against climate change, but future climatic effects on their overall biodiversity are not fully clear.
2021 update of the 2012 ICSH Recommendations for identification, diagnostic value, and quantitation of schistocytes: Impact and revisions
Authors: Zini Gina , d'Onofrio Giuseppe , Erber Wendy N. , Lee Szu‐Hee , Nagai Yutaka , Basak Grzegorz W. , Lesesve Jean‐François ,   International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH)
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2012, the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) published recommendations for the identification, quantitation, and diagnostic value of schistocytes. In the present review, the impact of these recommendations is evaluated. This work is based on citations in peer‐reviewed papers published since 2012. The first 2012 ICSH Recommendations have also been revised to incorporate newly published data in the literature and current best laboratory practice. Recommended reference ranges have been proposed for healthy adults and full‐term neonates of 1% or less schistocytes. More than 1% of morphologically identified schistocytes on the blood film are considered suspicious for thrombotic microangiopathy. For preterm infants, a normal level of 5% or less is recommended. The fragment red cell count (FRC) generated by some automated hematological analyzers provides a valuable screening tool for the presence of schistocytes. Specifically, the absence of FRCs can be used as a valuable parameter to exclude the presence of schistocytes on the blood film. The validity and usefulness of microscope schistocytes and automated FRCs, respectively, are discussed in the context of the laboratory diagnostic tests used for thrombotic microangiopathies.
Impact of COVID‐19 restrictions on pathology service utilisation
Authors: Gillam Marianne H. , Roughead Elizabeth , Tavella Rosanna , Dodd Tom , Beltrame John , Ryan Richard , O'Loughlin Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIsolation and social distancing restrictions due to COVID‐19 have the potential to impact access to healthcare services.AimsTo assess the use of pathology services during the COVID‐19 pandemic initial restrictions.MethodsRepeated cross‐sectional study of pathology tests utilisation during a baseline time period early in 2020 compared with pre‐lockdown and lockdown due to COVID‐19 in South Australia. The outcome measure was changed in a number of pathology tests compared to baseline period, particularly change in the number of troponin tests to determine potential impacts of lockdown on urgent care presentations.ResultsIn the community setting, the ratio of a number of pathology tests pre‐lockdown and post‐lockdown versus baseline period decreased from 1.02 to 0.53 respectively. The exception was microbiology molecular tests, where the number of tests was more than three times higher in the lockdown period. The number of troponin tests in emergency departments decreased in the lockdown period compared to the baseline time period; however, there was no evidence of an association between tests result (positive vs negative) and time period (odds ratio (OR) 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.22). There was an inverse relationship between age and time period (OR 0.995; 95% CI 0.993–0.997), indicating that fewer troponin tests were conducted in older people during the lockdown compared with the baseline period.ConclusionCOVID‐19 restrictions had a significant impact on the use of pathology testing in both urgent and non‐urgent care settings. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect on health outcomes as a result of the COVID‐19 restrictions.
Regional integration and environmental sustainability during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from South Asia
Authors: Jain Panika , Rakshit Bijoy , Raina Bisma , Bardhan Samaresh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSouth Asia, a sub‐region with nearly a third of the world's population living in extreme poverty and hunger, has been affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic in an unprecedented way. The pandemic has undermined the progress achieved by the subregion towards attaining sustainable development goals. This study argues that fostering environmental sustainability in the South Asian region is crucial to “Building Back Better” while taking cognisance of future climate‐related risks. With the low level of preparedness, the collapse of global supply chains, and restrictive regional integration, the individual country in the region lacks the fiscal and technical capacity to implement sustainable development goals effectively. Therefore, based on the analytical approach to regional integration, this paper explores the potential role of regional integration in ensuring environmental sustainability in South Asia. Additionally, this study illustrates how the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected several environmental aspects at the regional level, such as clean energy, disaster risk reduction, and waste management, and shows how regional cooperation can address these challenges post pandemic. While previous studies mainly focus on regional integration in the European Union, this study targets the crucial importance of regional cooperation in South Asia in achieving environmental sustainability.
CCAT1/FABP5 promotes tumour progression through mediating fatty acid metabolism and stabilizing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Jing , Alduais Yaser , Zhang Kai , Zhu Xiaoli , Chen Baoan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer associated transcript 1 (CCAT1) has been identified as an oncogene in many cancers, but its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be further investigated. We identified the upregulation of CCAT1 in LUAD tissues and LUAD cells. Through RNA pull‐down and mass spectrometry analysis, we obtained the interacting proteins with CCAT1 and discovered their functional relation with ‘signal transduction’, ‘energy pathways’ and ‘metabolism’ and revealed the potential of CCAT1 on fatty acid (FA) metabolism. For mechanism exploration, we uncovered the mediation of CCAT1 on the translocation of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) into nucleus by confirming their interaction and localization. Also, CCAT1 was discovered to promote the formation of the transcription complex by RXR and PPARγ so as to activate the transcription of CD36, PDK1 and VEGFA. Moreover, we found that CCAT1 regulated the activity of AKT by promoting the ubiquitination of FKBP51 through binding with USP49. Subsequently, cell function assays revealed the enhancement of CCAT1 on LUAD cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, CCAT1 regulated cell proliferation and angiogenesis through regulating FA metabolism in LUAD, providing a novel target for LUAD treatment.
NEDD9 overexpression: Prognostic and guidance value in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Hua Shenghao , Feng Tao , Yin Lei , Wang Qi , Shao Xuejun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein (NEDD) plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis and may serve as potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, few studies systematically investigated the expression of NEDD family members in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We systemically determined the expression of NEDD family members in AML and determined their clinical significance. We identified that NEDD9 expression was the only member among NEDD family which was significantly increased in AML. NEDD9 overexpression was more frequently classified as FAB‐M4/M5 (p = 0.008 and 0.013, respectively), hardly as FAB‐M2/M3. Moreover, NEDD9 overexpression was significantly associated with complex karyotype and TP53 mutation. The significant association between NEDD9 overexpression and survival was also observed in whole‐cohort AML and non‐M3 AML patients. Notably, AML patients with NEDD9 overexpression may benefit from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), whereas those cases without NEDD9 overexpression did not. Finally, a total of 822 mRNAs and 31 microRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between two groups. Among the microRNAs, miR‐381 was also identified as a microRNA that could direct target NEDD9. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that NEDD9 overexpression is associated with genetic abnormalities as well as prognosis and might act as a potential biomarker guiding the choice between HSCT and chemotherapy in patients with AML after achieving complete remission.
Effects of passive integrated transponder tags on short‐term feeding patterns in European perch (Perca fluviatilis)
Authors: Chrysafi Anna , Jepsen Niels , del Villar‐Guerra Diego , Larsen Martin H. , Skov Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe tested the feeding behaviour of small European perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a laboratory study during the first 24 h after handling and 23 mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag implantation. Feeding commenced almost immediately following tagging and overall feeding patterns were unaffected by tagging. However, untagged perch had more feeding events than PIT‐tagged individuals. This discrepancy could be attributed to post‐tagging effects or/and reduced room for food due to the presence of the tag in the body cavity.
Annotated checklist of ponyfishes (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) from Bangladesh, the northern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Sharifuzzaman S.M. , Rubby Istiuk Ahammed , Habib Kazi Ahsan , Kimura Seishi , Rasid Md. Harun , Islam Md. Jayedul , Neogi Amit Kumer , Hossain M. Shahadat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInformation on the taxonomy of ponyfishes (Leiognathidae Gill 1893) from Bangladesh was hitherto inadequate and details of some species were lacking. Based on specimens, the present study reports 12 species of ponyfishes from the coasts of Bangladesh with short descriptions of their diagnostic characters. Six of these species, Aurigequula longispina (Valenciennes 1835), Deveximentum megalolepis (Mochizuki & Hayashi 1989), Equulites leuciscus (Günther 1860), Eubleekeria rapsoni (Munro 1964), Gazza rhombea Kimura, Yamashita & Iwatsuki 2000 and Karalla daura (Cuvier 1829), constitute the first records in Bangladesh. The present specimens of D. megalolepis represent the westernmost distribution of this species in the Indo‐Pacific region.
Bilateral adrenal metastases of endometrial cancer with adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Shiraishi Tetsuro , Kisu Iori , Nakamura Kanako , Iijima Moito , Matsuda Kiyoko , Hirao Nobumaru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdrenal metastasis from endometrial cancer is extremely rare and has a poor prognosis, especially for bilateral adrenal metastases. It is usually asymptomatic without any adrenal hormonal abnormalities. A 50‐year‐old postmenopausal woman presented with acute right‐sided back pain and history of occasional abnormal uterine bleeding. She was diagnosed with endometrial cancer with ruptured bilateral adrenal metastases. She underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, and the pathological findings revealed dedifferentiated carcinoma. After three courses of adjuvant chemotherapy, the bilateral adrenal metastases had increased in size, with worsening back pain and adrenal hormone insufficiency. The patient died 6 months after the identification of adrenal tumors. Acute back pain may lead to the identification of a ruptured adrenal metastasis. The possibility of gradual adrenal insufficiency should be considered in bilateral adrenal metastases. Although the prognosis is poor, tumor debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy could be suggested to improve the prognosis.
Balanced polymorphism fuels rapid selection in an invasive crab despite high gene flow and low genetic diversity
Authors: Tepolt Carolyn K. , Grosholz Edwin D. , de Rivera Catherine E. , Ruiz Gregory M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdaptation across environmental gradients has been demonstrated in numerous systems with extensive dispersal, despite high gene flow and consequently low genetic structure. The speed and mechanisms by which such adaptation occurs remain poorly resolved, but are critical to understanding species spread and persistence in a changing world. Here, we investigate these mechanisms in the European green crab Carcinus maenas, a globally distributed invader. We focus on a northwestern Pacific population that spread across >12 degrees of latitude in 10 years from a single source, following its introduction <35 years ago. Using six locations spanning >1500 km, we examine genetic structure using 9376 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We find high connectivity among five locations, with significant structure between these locations and an enclosed lagoon with limited connectivity to the coast. Among the five highly connected locations, the only structure observed was a cline driven by a handful of SNPs strongly associated with latitude and winter temperature. These SNPs are almost exclusively found in a large cluster of genes in strong linkage disequilibrium that was previously identified as a candidate for cold tolerance adaptation in this species. This region may represent a balanced polymorphism that evolved to promote rapid adaptation in variable environments despite high gene flow, and which now contributes to successful invasion and spread in a novel environment. This research suggests an answer to the paradox of genetically depauperate yet successful invaders: populations may be able to adapt via a few variants of large effect despite low overall diversity.
Long distance plutonic relationships demonstrate 33 million years of strain partitioning along the Denali fault
Authors: Regan Sean P. , Benowitz Jeffrey A. , Waldien Trevor S. , Holland Mark E. , Roeske Sarah M. , O’Sullivan Paul , Layer Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe identify two piercing point pairs along a ~500 km transect of the arcuate strike‐slip Denali fault to document long‐term slip partitioning. Geochemical and isotopic similarity between Foraker and Panorama‐Schist Creek‐Nenana Plutons suggest ~155 km of right‐lateral displacement on the western Denali fault since 37 Ma at a rate of ~4.2 mm/year. The eastern Denali fault Maclaren‐Cottonwood Terrane geochronology correlation establishes ~305 km of displacement on the eastern Denali fault since 33 Ma at a rate of ~9.2 mm/year. The ratio of Pleistocene‐Holocene slip rates between the western (5.3 mm/year) and eastern (12.9 mm/year) Denali fault is 0.41 and our new constraints yield a Late Eocene‐Holocene ratio of 0.46. Hence, we interpret that the overall arcuate geometry of the Denali fault master strand was established by 33 Ma. We infer that the persistent long‐wave geometric stability of the Denali fault and other highly slip partitioned fault systems are related to long‐term highly oblique transpressive environs.
Endogenous transport price, R&D spillovers, and trade
Authors: Takauchi Kazuhiro , Mizuno Tomomichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEfficient distribution has a considerable influence on the sales volume of firms, and thus affects the firms’ research and development (R&D) activities. This paper analyses the relationship between competition in the transport sector and the R&D of firms using the transportation services. We consider a two‐region reciprocal market in which firms invest in cost‐reducing R&D and use carriers that engage in price competition to supply their products to the foreign market. We show that, corresponding to the degree of R&D spillover, a transport cost (or price) reduction because of an increase in the number of carriers can increase or decrease the firms’ R&D investments. This result is consistent with the finding in previous studies that trade liberalisation can hinder R&D. Because inefficient firms lead to high prices in the market, an increase in the number of carriers may reduce consumer surplus. We further discuss the case in which firms have monopsony power in transportation services and show that our main results are robust to the extension.
Assessment of prehospital care in canine trauma patients presented to Veterinary Trauma Centers: A VetCOT registry study
Authors: Vegas Comitre Maria D. , Palmer Lee , Bacek Lenore M. , Kuo Kendon W. , Keys Deborah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiology of veterinary care in canine trauma patients prior to presentation to a Veterinary Trauma Center (VTC).DesignRetrospective observational cross‐sectional study.Methods Retrospective descriptive analysis from 22,998 canine case records from the Veterinary Trauma Registry from September 2013 through April 2018. Analysis was focused on the type of injury, care provider, and care provided prior presentation to a VTC (pre‐VTC care). A log‐likelihood ratio test was used to test for association of outcome and pre‐VTC care. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare modified Glasgow Coma Scale and Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) scores between pre‐VTC and non‐pre‐VTC care groups.Measurements and Main ResultsPre‐VTC care was provided in 5636 out of 22,998 dogs (24.5%) by veterinarians (81%), owners (19.6%), and first responders (0.03%). The most common nonveterinary interventions included wound care and bandaging in 42% and 39% of the patients, respectively. Mortality was higher in the pre‐VTC care group (8.7% vs 7.5%); dogs receiving pre‐VTC care were 1.5 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.88) more likely to die and 1.2 times (95% CI, 1.07–1.37) more likely to be euthanized. The ATT scores were significantly higher in dogs receiving pre‐VTC care (mean = 2.53 vs 1.78; p < 0.0001).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that the majority of more severely injured dogs receiving pre‐VTC care obtained care by a veterinarian. Dogs receiving pre‐VTC care possessed a greater mortality rate but also a greater ATT score; therefore, mortality rate is more likely related to severity of trauma rather than reception of pre‐VTC care. We propose that these data should prompt further research and education about prehospital care in veterinary medicine.
Fatty liver index and progression to type 2 diabetes: a 5-year longitudinal study in Spanish workers with pre-diabetes
Authors: Busquets-Cortés Carla , Bennasar-Veny Miquel , López-González Angel-Arturo , Fresneda Sergio , Aguiló Antoni , Yanez Aina 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveThe main aim of the study was to evaluate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), estimated by fatty liver index (FLI), and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a large cohort of adult workers with pre-diabetes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOccupational health services from Spain.Participants16 648 adult workers (aged 20–65 years) with pre-diabetes (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100–125 mg/dL).Outcome and measuresFLI was calculated based on measurements of triglycerides, body mass index, waist circumference and γ-glutamyltransferase. The population was classified into three categories: FLI<30 (no hepatic steatosis), FLI 30–60 (intermediate status) and FLI>60 (hepatic steatosis). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary habits, physical activity and clinical data were collected from all subjects. The incidence rate of T2D was determined after 5 years of follow-up.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow-up, 3706 of the 16 648 participants (22.2%) were diagnosed with T2D, corresponding to an annual rate of progression of 4.5%. FLI was strongly associated with T2D conversion. The incidence rates of T2D in the FLI<30, FLI 30–60 and FLI>60 groups were significantly different after 5 years of follow-up were 19/6,421 (0.3%), 338/4,318 (7.8%) and 3,349/5,909 (56.7%), respectively. This association remained significant for FLI>60 after adjustment for, age, diet, physical activity, FPG, blood pressure, social class and smoking habits (adjusted HR=6.879; 95% CI 5.873 to 8.057 for men, and HR=5.806; 95% CI 4.863 to 6.932 for women).ConclusionNAFLD assessed by FLI independently predicted the risk of conversion to T2D among people with pre-diabetes. FLI may be an easily determined and valuable early predictor for T2D in people with pre-diabetes. FLI-based assessment of NAFLD in subjects with pre-diabetes in routine clinical practice could allow the adoption of effective measures to prevent and reduce their progression to T2D.