bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-month outcomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their relationships with lung ultrasound signs
Authors: Mafort Thiago Thomaz , Rufino Rogério , da Costa Claudia Henrique , da Cal Mariana Soares , Monnerat Laura Braga , Litrento Patrícia Frascari , Parra Laura Lizeth Zuluaga , Marinho Arthur de Sá Earp de Souza , Lopes Agnaldo José 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The role of lung ultrasound (LUS) in evaluating the mid- and long-term prognoses of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is not yet known. The objectives of this study were to evaluate associations between LUS signs at the time of screening and clinical outcomes 1 month after LUS and to assess LUS signs at the time of presentation with known risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of data prospectively collected 1 month after LUS screening of 447 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Sonographic examination was performed in screening tents with the participants seated. The LUS signs (B-lines > 2, coalescent B-lines, and subpleural consolidations) were captured in six areas of each hemithorax and a LUS aeration score was calculated; in addition, the categories of disease probability based on patterns of LUS findings (high-probability, intermediate-probability, alternate, and low-probability patterns) were evaluated. The LUS signs at patients’ initial evaluation were related to the following outcomes: symptomatology, the need for hospitalization or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and COVID-19-related death.

Results
According to the evaluations performed 1 month after LUS screening, 36 patients were hospitalised, eight of whom required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and three of whom died. The presence of coalescent B-lines was associated with the need for hospitalization (p = 0.008). The presence of subpleural consolidations was associated with dyspnoea (p < 0.0001), cough (p = 0.003), the need for hospitalization (p < 0.0001), the need for ICU admission (p < 0.0001), and death (p = 0.002). A higher aeration score was associated with dyspnoea (p < 0.0001), the need for hospitalization (p < 0.0001), the need for ICU admission (p < 0.0001), and death (p = 0.003). In addition, patients with a high-probability LUS pattern had a higher aeration score (p < 0.0001) and more dyspnoea (p = 0.024) and more often required hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and ICU admission (p = 0.031).

Conclusions
In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, LUS signs were related to respiratory symptoms 1 month after LUS screening. Strong relationships were identified between LUS signs and the need for hospitalization and death.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation as a complication of bursitis: angiogenesis and repetitive bleeding as potential factors for disseminated intravascular coagulation: a case report
Authors: Hamada Taisuke , Nishihara Tasuku , Mizuno Yosuke , Kidani Teruki , Tokiwa Hiroki , Abe Naoki , Sekiya Keisuke , Kitamura Sakiko , Takasaki Yasushi , Miura Hiromasa , Yorozuya Toshihiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Malignant tumors, such as acute leukemia and solid cancers, frequently cause disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation as a complication of bursitis were not reported previously.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old Japanese woman was scheduled to undergo resection of a rapidly growing subcutaneous tumor-like lesion on her left back. Preoperative blood tests suggested disseminated intravascular coagulation. The resected lesion was cystic tumor containing a hematoma. After the operation, the patient completely recovered from disseminated intravascular coagulation, indicating that disseminated intravascular coagulation in this case was caused by the tumor. Pathological examination of the resected tumor revealed considerable fibrin deposition and angiogenesis on the cyst wall, which was presumably a response to inflammation and indicated presence of repetitive intratumoral bleeding, subsequently leading to a diagnosis of chronic hemorrhagic bursitis.

Conclusions
Clinicians should note that, despite being benign, soft-tissue tumors accompanied by inflammation with angiogenesis and repetitive intratumoral bleeding can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation, albeit rarely.
Effects of a positive thinking program on hope and sleep quality in Iranian patients with thalassemia: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Makaremnia Somayeh , Dehghan Manshadi Marieh , Khademian Zahra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Thalassemia have a negative impact on the patients' psychological health and sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the effects of a positive thinking training program on hope and sleep quality of patients with thalassemia major.

Methods
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 patients with thalassemia major including 36 males (46.2%) and 42 females (53.8%) with a mean age of 25.56 ± 29.6 in Iran. Subjects were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Experimental group received 16 h training based on positive thinking materials published by Martin Seligman. Control group received only usual programs. Data were collected at baseline, as well as immediately and one month after the intervention, using Snyder’s Hope Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Software 18.0; statistical tests included the independent T-test, the Chi-square, Mann Whitney, and Friedman test. Significance level was set at 0.05 in this study.

Results
The experimental group had a significantly higher mean hope score compared to the control group immediately (45.38 ± 7.82 vs. 35.32 ± 5.54, P < 0.001) and one month following intervention (44.67 ± 3.47 vs. 35 ± .54, P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean sleep quality scores of the experimental group was significantly greater than that for control group immediately (5.35 ± 2.02 vs. 7 ± 2.4, P = 0.004) and one month after the intervention (4.23 ± 2.2 vs.7.02 ± 3.03, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Since our training program on positive thinking improved hope and quality of sleep in patients with thalassemia major, we recommend the use of such courses as an important step toward promotion of hope and sleep quality among these patients.
Trial registration The name of the registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2017010431774N1. URL of the trial registry record: https://en.irct.ir/trial/24923. Registration Date: 07/03/2017.
Can we reestablish a self-sustaining population? A case study on reintroduced Crested Ibis with population viability analysis
Authors: Zhang Yashuai , Wang Fang , Cui Zhenxia , Li Min , Li Xia , Ye Xinping , Yu Xiaoping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most challenging tasks in wildlife conservation and management is clarifying which and how external and intrinsic factors influence wildlife demography and long-term viability. The wild population of the Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) has recovered to approximately 4400, and several reintroduction programs have been carried out in China, Japan and Korea. Population viability analysis on this endangered species has been limited to the wild population, showing that the long-term population growth is restricted by the carrying capacity and inbreeding. However, gaps in knowledge of the viability of the reintroduced population and its drivers in the release environment impede the identification of the most effective population-level priorities for aiding in species recovery.MethodsThe field monitoring data were collected from a reintroduced Crested Ibis population in Ningshan, China from 2007 to 2018. An individual-based VORTEX model (Version 10.3.5.0) was used to predict the future viability of the reintroduced population by incorporating adaptive patterns of ibis movement in relation to catastrophe frequency, mortality and sex ratio.ResultsThe reintroduced population in Ningshan County is unlikely to go extinct in the next 50 years. The population size was estimated to be 367, and the population genetic diversity was estimated to be 0.97. Sensitivity analysis showed that population size and extinction probability were dependent on the carrying capacity and sex ratio. The carrying capacity is the main factor accounting for the population size and genetic diversity, while the sex ratio is the primary factor responsible for the population growth trend.ConclusionsA viable population of the Crested Ibis can be established according to population viability analysis. Based on our results, conservation management should prioritize a balanced sex ratio, high-quality habitat and low mortality.
Ethnic Specific body fat percent prediction equation as surrogate marker of obesity in Ethiopian adults
Authors: Sinaga Makeda , Sinaga Teshome Melese , Yemane Tilhun , Tegene Elsah , Lindtsrom David , Belachew Tefera 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Application of advanced body composition measurement methods is not practical in developing countries context due to cost and unavailability of facilities. This study generated ethnic specific body fat percent prediction equation for Ethiopian adults using appropriate data.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried ifrom February to April 2015 among 704 randomly selected adult employees of Jimma University. Ethnic specific Ethiopian body fat percent (BF%) prediction equation was developed using a multivariable linear regression model with measured BF% as dependent variable and age, sex, and body mass index as predictor variables. Agreement between fat percent measured using air displacement plethysmography and body fat percent estimated using Caucasian prediction equations was determined using Bland Altman plot.

Results
Comparison of ADP measured and predicted BF% showed that Caucasian prediction equation underestimated body fat percent among Ethiopian adults by 6.78% (P < 0.0001). This finding is consistent across all age groups and ethnicities in both sexes. Bland Altman plot did not show agreement between ADP and Caucasian prediction equation (mean difference = 6.7825) and some of the points are outside 95% confidence interval. The caucasian prediction equation significantly underestimates body fat percent in Ethiopian adults, which is consistent across all ethnic groups in the sample. The study developed Ethnic specific BF% prediction equations for Ethiopian adults.

Conclusion
The Caucasian prediction equation significantly underestimates body fat percent among Ethiopian adults regardless of ethnicity. Ethiopian ethnic-specific prediction equation can be used as a very simple, cheap, and cost-effective alternative for estimating body fat percent among Ethiopian adults for health care provision in the prevention of obesity and related morbidities and for research purposes.
Clinical and radiological imaging as prognostic predictors in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Metwally Maha Ibrahim , Basha Mohammad Abd Alkhalik , Zaitoun Mohamed M. A. , Abdalla Housseini Mohamed , Nofal Hanaa Abu Elazayem , Hendawy Hamdy , Manajrah Esaraa , Hijazy Reham farid , Akbazli Loujain , Negida Ahmed , Mosallam Walid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic infection, several studies have been performed to discuss the clinical picture, laboratory finding, and imaging features of this disease. The aim of this study is to demarcate the imaging features of novel coronavirus infected pneumonia (NCIP) in different age groups and outline the relation between radiological aspect, including CT severity, and clinical aspect, including age, oxygen saturation, and fatal outcome. We implemented a prospective observational study enrolled 299 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (169 males and 130 females; age range = 2–91 years; mean age = 38.4 ± 17.2). All patients were submitted to chest CT with multi-planar reconstruction. The imaging features of NCIP in different age groups were described. The relations between CT severity and age, oxygen saturation, and fatal outcome were evaluated.

Results
The most predominant CT features were bilateral (75.4%), posterior (66.3%), pleural-based (93.5%), lower lobe involvement (89.8%), and ground-glass opacity (94.7%). ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff age that was highly exposed to moderate and severe stages of NCIP was 38 years old (AUC = 0.77, p < 0.001). NCIP was noted in 42.6% below 40-year-old age group compared to 84% above 40-year-old age group. The CT severity was significantly related to age and fatal outcome (p < 0.001). Anterior, centrilobular, hilar, apical, and middle lobe involvements had a significant relation to below 90% oxygen saturation. A significant negative correlation was found between CT severity and oxygen saturation (r = − 0.49, p < 0.001). Crazy-paving pattern, anterior aspect, hilar, centrilobular involvement, and moderate and severe stages had a statistically significant relation to higher mortality.

Conclusion
The current study confirmed the value of CT as a prognostic predictor in NCIP through demonstration of the strong relation between CT severity and age, oxygen saturation, and the fatal outcome. In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, this study is considered to be an extension to other studies discussing chest CT features of COVID-19 in different age groups with demarcation of the relation of chest CT severity to different pattern and distribution of NCIP, age, oxygen saturation, and mortality rate.
Additively manufactured metastructure design for broadband radar absorption
Authors: Abdullahi M. B. , Ali M. H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Recent advances in material science and electronics led to the rapid development of communication devices and radar detection techniques resulting in an ever-increasing demand for improved stealth performance of air vehicles during scouts. Absorber design employing metastructure concept has recently become a popular approach to improving radar stealth performance. Metastructure permits the realization of desired absorption characteristics by careful design of geometrical structures and material compositions. In this study, a metastructure designed based on graphite SLS composite for radar absorption has been demonstrated. The unit cell of the proposed structure is simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics to determine the frequency-dependent absorption characteristic of the structure. It is fabricated by using a low-cost selective laser sintering technique of additive manufacturing technology.

Results
The prototype, while measured, shows effective absorption bandwidth of 1.04 GHz that is in reasonable agreement with the simulated response of 2.08 GHz. The optimized structure exhibits ≤ − 10 dB reflectivity within a broad frequency range extending from 7.60 GHz to 18.00 GHz under normal incidence in both TE and TM polarizations. Furthermore, the absorption performance under different polarizations and incident angles has been investigated. Results indicate that the absorber displays polarization indifference and exhibits a wide-angle of incidence tolerance of up to 45° in TE polarization and 30° in TM polarizations.

Conclusion
In this paper, the feasibility of using graphite SLS material to design and 3D print a metastructure design for radar absorbing has been established as confirmed by the simulation and the measurement results. The advantages of low cost, ultra-broad operating band, wide-angle of incidence feature, and polarization insensitivity qualifies the proposed absorber for stealth and electromagnetic shielding applications.
COVID-19: insights into virus–receptor interactions
Authors: Sepahvandi Azadeh , Ghaffari Maryam , Bahmanpour Amir Hossein , Moztarzadeh Fathollah , Zarrintaj Payam , Uludağ Hasan , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe recent outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) calls for rapid mobilization of scientists to probe and explore solutions to this deadly disease. A limited understanding of the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) relative to other coronavirus strains guides a deeper investigation into the virus/receptor interactions. The cutting-edge studies in thermodynamic and kinetic properties of interactions such as protein-protein interplays have been reviewed in many modeling and analysis studies. Highlighting the thermodynamic assessments of biological interactions and emphasizing the boosted transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 despite its high similarity in structure and sequence with other coronavirus strains is an important and highly valuable investigation that can lead scientists to discover analytical and fundamental approaches in studying virus’s interactions. Accordingly, we have attempted to describe the crucial factors such as conformational changes and hydrophobicity particularities that influence on thermodynamic potentials in the SARS-COV-2 S-protein adsorption process. Discussing the thermodynamic potentials and the kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein in its interaction with the ACE2 receptors of the host cell is a fundamental approach that would be extremely valuable in designing candidate pharmaceutical agents or exploring alternative treatments.
Multidisciplinary analysis of hydraulic stimulation and production effects within the Niobrara and Codell reservoirs, Wattenberg Field, Colorado — Part 1: Baseline reservoir conditions
Authors: Bray Matthew , Daves Jacquelyn , Brugioni Daniel , Kamruzzaman Asm , Bratton Tom , Harryandi Sheila , Grechishnikova Alena , Tura Ali , Davis Tom , Simmons Jim 
Published: April 2021

In the Wattenberg Field, the Reservoir Characterization Project at the Colorado School of Mines and Occidental Petroleum Corporation (Oxy) (formerly the Anadarko Petroleum Corporation) collected time-lapse seismic data for characterization of changes in the reservoir caused by hydraulic fracturing and production in the Niobrara Formation and Codell Sandstone member of the Carlile Formation. We have acquired three multicomponent seismic surveys to understand the dynamic reservoir changes caused by hydraulic fracturing and production of 11 horizontal wells within a 1 mi2section (the Wishbone Section). The time-lapse seismic survey acquisition occurred immediately after the wells were drilled, another survey after stimulation, and a third survey after two years of production. In addition, we integrate core, petrophysical properties, fault and fracture characteristics, as well as P-wave seismic data to illustrate reservoir properties prior to simulation and production. Core analysis indicates extensive amounts of bioturbation in zones of high total organic content (TOC). Petrophysical analysis of logs and core samples indicates that chalk intervals have high amounts of TOC (>2%) and the lowest amount of clay in the reservoir interval. Core petrophysical characterization included X-ray diffraction analysis, mercury intrusion capillary pressure, N2gas adsorption, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Reservoir fractures follow four regional orientations, and chalk facies contain higher fracture density than marl facies. Integration of these data assist in enhanced well targeting and reservoir simulation.
Impact of a Genomic Test on Treatment Decision in a Predominantly African American Population With Favorable-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Murphy Adam B. , Abern Michael R. , Liu Li , Wang Heidy , Hollowell Courtney M. P. , Sharifi Roohollah , Vidal Patricia , Kajdacsy-Balla Andre , Sekosan Marin , Ferrer Karen , Wu Shoujin , Gallegos Marlene , King-Lee Patrice , Sharp Lisa K. , Ferrans Carol E. , Gann Peter H. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE The Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), performed on biopsy tissue, predicts adverse outcome in prostate cancer (PCa) and has shown promise for improving patient selection for active surveillance (AS). However, its impact on treatment choice in high-risk populations of African Americans is largely unknown and, in general, the effect of the GPS on this difficult decision has not been evaluated in randomized trials. METHODS Two hundred men with National Comprehensive Cancer Network very low to low-intermediate PCa from three Chicago hospitals (70% Black, 16% college graduates) were randomly assigned at diagnosis to standard counseling with or without a 12-gene GPS assay. The primary end point was treatment choice at a second postdiagnosis visit. The proportion of patients choosing AS was compared, and multivariable modeling was used to estimate the effects of various factors on AS acceptance. RESULTS AS acceptance was high overall, although marginally lower in the intervention group (77% v 88%; P = .067), and lower still when men with inadequate specimens were excluded ( P = .029). Men with lower health literacy who received a GPS were seven-fold less likely to choose AS compared with controls, whereas no difference was seen in men with higher health literacy ( Pinteraction = .022). Among men with low-intermediate risk, 69% had GPS values consistent with unfavorable intermediate or high-risk cancer. AS choice was also independently associated with a family history of PCa and having health insurance. CONCLUSION In contrast to other studies, the net effect of the GPS was to move patients away from AS, primarily among men with low health literacy. These findings have implications for our understanding of how prognostic molecular assays that generate probabilities of poor outcome can affect treatment decisions in diverse clinical populations.
Impact of Previously Unrecognized HLA Mismatches Using Ultrahigh Resolution Typing in Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Mayor Neema P. , Wang Tao , Lee Stephanie J. , Kuxhausen Michelle , Vierra-Green Cynthia , Barker Dominic J. , Auletta Jeffrey , Bhatt Vijaya R. , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Gragert Loren , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Morris Gerald P. , Paczesny Sophie , Reshef Ran , Ringdén Olle , Shaw Bronwen E. , Shaw Peter , Spellman Stephen R. , Marsh Steven G. E. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE Ultrahigh resolution (UHR) HLA matching is reported to result in better outcomes following unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation, improving survival and reducing post-transplant complications. However, most studies included relatively small numbers of patients. Here we report the findings from a large, multicenter validation study. METHODS UHR HLA typing was available on 5,140 conventionally 10 out of 10 HLA-matched patients with malignant disease transplanted between 2008 and 2017. RESULTS After UHR HLA typing, 82% of pairs remained 10 out of 10 UHR-matched; 12.3% of patients were 12 out of 12 UHR HLA-matched. Compared with 12 out of 12 UHR-matched patients, probabilities of grade 2-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were significantly increased with UHR mismatches (overall P = .0019) and in those patients who were HLA-DPB1 T-cell epitope permissively mismatched or nonpermissively mismatched (overall P = .0011). In the T-cell–depleted subset, the degree of UHR HLA mismatch was only associated with increased transplant-related mortality (TRM) (overall P = .0068). In the T-cell–replete subset, UHR HLA matching was associated with a lower probability of aGVHD (overall P = .0020); 12 out of 12 UHR matching was associated with reduced TRM risk when compared with HLA-DPB1 T-cell epitope permissively mismatched patients, whereas nonpermissive mismatching resulted in a greater risk (overall P = .0003). CONCLUSION This study did not confirm that UHR 12 out of 12 HLA matching increases the probability of overall survival but does demonstrate that aGVHD risk, and in certain settings TRM, is lowest in UHR HLA-matched pairs and thus warrants consideration when multiple 10 out of 10 HLA-matched donors of equivalent age are available.