bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Laser Welding Speed on Grain Morphology and Tensile Property of TA15 Titanium Alloy Bottom-Locking Joint
Authors: Wang Jiayao , Qi Na , Zhao Yanqiu , Li Yue , Zhan Xiaohong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The laser welding of TA15 titanium alloy with the bottom-locking joints is carried out by TruDisk-12003 disc laser. In this paper, the microstructure and tensile properties of welded joints with different welding speeds are studied. The microstructure is observed by optical microscope. The tensile fracture morphology and chemical composition are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) respectively. The experimental results show that the width of weld zone (WZ) is decreased significantly with the increasing of welding speed. The β columnar crystal shows respective morphology and growth direction in WZ under different welding speeds, meanwhile, the number of acicular martensite which is precipitated in columnar crystal also presents different. Besides, the aggregate growth zone of columnar crystal at the bottom of weld zone gets smaller with the increase of welding speed. The maximum tensile strength for the TA15 titanium alloy bottom-locking joint, which is fractured at weld joint, reaches 89% of the BM. Besides, the EDS results illustrate that the burning loss of stabilization element is inevitable.
Sublethal Enteroviral Infection Exacerbates Disease Progression in an ALS Mouse Model
Authors: Luo Honglin , Xue Yuan Chao , Liu Huitao , Mohamud Yasir , Bahreyni Amirhossein , Zhang Jingchun , Cashman Neil R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatalneurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron system associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors.Infection with enteroviruses, including poliovirus and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), has been proposed as a possible causal/risk factor for ALSdue to the evidence that enteroviruses can target motor neurons and establish a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS), and recent findings that enteroviral infection-induced molecular and pathologicalphenotypes closely resembleALS. However, a causal relationship has not yet been affirmed.Methods:Wild-type C57BL/6J and SOD1G85R ALS mice were intracerebroventricularly infected with a sublethal dose of CVB3 or sham-infected. For a subset of mice, ribavirin (a broad-spectrum anti-RNA viral drug) was given subcutaneously during the acute and/or chronic stage of infection. Following viral infection, general activity and survival were monitored daily for up to week 60. Starting atweek 20 post-infection (PI), motor functions were measured weekly. Mouse brains and/or spinal cords were harvested at day 10 and week 60 PI for histopathological evaluation of neurotoxicity, immunohistochemical staining of viral protein, neuroinflammatory/immune and ALS pathology markers, and NanoString and RT-qPCR analysis of inflammatory gene expression.Results: We found that sublethal infection (mimicking chronic infection) of SOD1G85R ALS mice with CVB3 resulted inearly onset and progressive motor dysfunction, andshortened lifespan, while similar viral infection in C57BL/6J, the background strain of SOD1G85R mice, did not significantly affect motor function and mortality as compared to mock infection within the timeframe of the current study (60 weeksPI).Furthermore, we showed that CVB3 infection led to a significant increase in proinflammatory gene expression and immune cell infiltration and induced ALS-related pathologies (i.e., TDP-43 pathology and neuronal damage) in the CNS of both SOD1G85R and C57BL/6J mice. Finally, wediscovered that early (day 1) but not late (day 15) administration of ribavirincould rescue ALS-like neuropathology and symptoms induced by CVB3 infection.Conclusions: Our study identifies a new risk factor that contributes to early onset and accelerated progression of ALS and offers opportunities for the development of novel targeted therapies.
Environmentally Benign Rare Earth Pigments: Effect of Calcium Dopant and Tuning of Bandgaps for Different Color Hues
Authors: V Divya , Jayan Divya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Environmentally benign rare earth pigments having the general formula Ca0.1 Ln0.9 PO4 ( Ln = Y , Pr , mixed rare rearth oxides, RE and Di ) have been prepared by a traditional solid state route. The samples were characterized by X–ray diffraction diffraction, UV–vis Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size distribution, color coordinates determination, acid/alkali test, thermo gravimetric (TG) analysis and CIE–1976 L*a*b* color scales. Among the various lanthanide ions and calcium ion as dopant, the pigment composition shows various hues ranges from green to yellow. The coloring mechanism is based on the tuning of band gap by the dopant like calcium in various rare earth host lattice. The designed pigments consist of non–toxic elements and were further found to possess high thermal and chemical stability. The pigments were also found to be appropriate candidates for the coloration of polymer substrates.Thus, the present environmental friendly pigment powders may find potential alternative to the classical toxic inorganic pigments for various applications.
A Computational Study of B-Cell Epitopes of Macadamia (Macadamia Integrifolia) Allergens and Identification of its IgE Binding Residues
Authors: Verma Shivani 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In contemporary research, biological computational tools have emerged to play a pivotal role in facilitating both cost and time-efficient research. One such domain is addressing the prevailing food allergy issues, where these computational tools have been proven of vital importance. The present study is done as part of an internship at Jozbiz technologies. In the present study, we discuss the identification of IgE(Immunoglobulin E) binding allergy-causing B-Cell epitopes of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) allergens, namely AMP23_MACIN, AMP1_MACIN, AMP21_MACIN, MATK_MACIN and 11S1_MACIN. Using seven web servers (ABCPred, ElliPro, BepiPred 1.0b, BcePred, BCPred, CBTOPE and Disco Tope 2.0) twenty-one epitopes and seventeen conformational epitopes were predicted in the present study. The predicted epitopes are analysed in terms of residues having hydrophilicity, polar nature and having exposed surfaces. The unavailable 3-d structure of proteins was developed by homology modelling. Cross-reactivity of Macadamia integrifolia with other food items has also been listed.
Are the Enrichment Nutrient Feasible to the Vermicomposting Efficiency For Water Hyacinth (E. Crassipes)?
Authors: Kotsubo Karolina , Júnior Irineu Bianchini , Santino Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha , Saulino Hugo Henrique Lanzi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In eutrophic environments, aquatic weeds reproduce quickly and occupy large areas, preventing multiple uses of water resources. The use of the biomass of these plants in vermicomposting represents a sustainable alternative. The enrichment of macrophyte biomass during vermicomposting was tested using inorganic NPK solution (1.75% and 3.5%) and organic solution (0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L) to improve the quality of the compound. Biomass consumption increased as the experiment progressed, reaching the highest values at the end. The experiment without worms remained stable. The influence of E. fetida individuals the vermicomposting process of water hyacinth will depend nutrient addition. The additions improved subtly the compost quality and the consumption of biomass, besides its low-cost, easily obtained and applicable treatment. It does not have the necessary requirements for its use as a fertilizer. However, we suggest the use in association with other fertilizers, adding moisture and structuring to the soil.
The Crohn’s Disease and Proinflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Qteishat Ahmed Al , Kirov Kiril , Bokov Dmitry O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the profile of the main proinflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with Crohn's disease and establish their association with the severity and activity of the disease. A total of 61 patients (29 women (47.5%), 32 men (52.5%) aged from 18 to 40 years (mean age (30.42 ± 2.51) years) with the verified diagnosis of Crohn's disease in the active phase were examined. The control group consisted of 30 virtually healthy people (VHP) of corresponding age. Crohn's disease is characterized by reliable (p<0.05) increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood compared to virtually healthy people: TNF-α – by 4.45 times (p<0.05), IL-1α – by 5.08 times (p<0.05), IL-6 – by 2.16 times (p<0.05), IL-8 – by 2.04 times (p<0.05), and IFN-γ – by 5.30 times (p<0.05), which can be due to the development of the active inflammatory process in the intestine and the systemic reaction of the body. The degree of increase in TNF-α and IFN-γ content, as well as the presence of direct correlations between the Best activity index and the content of these cytokines in the blood of the examined patients, confirm their leading role in the cascade of immune-inflammatory reactions during Crohn's disease.
Morphological Characteristics of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad
Authors: Edama Mutsuaki , Otsuki Tomofumi , Yokota Hirotake , Hrabayashi Ryo , Sekine Chie , Maruyama Sae , Kageyama Ikuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to clarify the morphological characteristics of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) in Japanese cadavers and to elucidate the relationship between morphological characteristics of the IFP and degeneration of the patellofemoral joint. Methods: This investigation examined 41 legs from 25 Japanese cadavers. Morphological measurement was performed by one examiner, and the proximal IFP, IFP body length, width, and IFP volume were measured. The morphological characteristics of IFP proximal were used to categorize three types of IFP: Type I, IFP proximal located on medial and lateral sides of the patella; Type II, IFP proximal only located medially; and Type III, absence of IFP proximal medially and laterally. Articular surfaces were graded as macroscopically intact or mildly altered (Grade I), moderately altered (if fissuring or fibrillation was observed; Grade II), or severely altered (if eburnation was present; Grade III). Results: Type I was identified in 36.6%, Type II in 48.8%, and Type III in 14.6%. IFP medial proximal was seen in 85%, IFP lateral proximal in 36.6%, and loop type was 2.4%. Grade II was significantly more frequent than Grades I or III in Type II, and Grade III was significantly more frequent than Grades I or II in Type III. In addition, IFP volume was significantly larger in Type I than in Types II or III. Conclusion: Causal relationships remain unclear, but the deformation of patellofemoral joint may be related to decreased IFP volume (atrophy).
Development of multivariable models to predict perinatal depression before and after delivery using patient reported survey responses at weeks 4-10 of pregnancy
Authors: Reps Jenna , Wilcox Marsha , McGee Beth Ann , Leonte Marie , Lacross Lauren , Wildenhaus Kevin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Perinatal depression is estimated to affect ~ 12% of pregnancies and is linked to numerous negative outcomes. There is currently no model to predict perinatal depression at multiple time-points during and after pregnancy.
Methods

A prospective cohort design where 858 participants filled in a baseline self-reported survey at week 4–10 of pregnancy (that included social economics, health history, various psychiatric measures), with follow-up until 3 months after delivery. Our primary outcome was an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS) score of 12 or more (a proxy for perinatal depression) assessed during each trimester and again at two time periods after delivery. Five gradient boosting machines were trained to predict the risk of having EPDS score > = 12 at each of the five follow-up periods. We investigated different predictor sets.
Results

We developed five prognostic models: PND-T1 (trimester 1), PND-T2 (trimester 2), PND-T3 (trimester 3), PND-A1 (after delivery 1) and PND-A2 (delayed onset after delivery) that calculate personalised risks while only requiring that women be asked 21 questions from 3 validated psychometric scales at weeks 4–10 of pregnancy. C-statistics ranged between 0.69 (0.65–0.73) and 0.77 (0.74–0.80). At 50% sensitivity the precision ranged between 30%-50% across the models, generally identifying groups of patients with double the average risk.
Conclusions

The five models can predict risk of perinatal depression within each trimester and in two post-natal periods using survey responses as early as week 4 of pregnancy. The models need to be externally validated and prospectively tested to ensure generalizability to any pregnant patient.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Forest Reserved Soils Crossed by Roads, its Ecological Risks, and their Effects on Tree Biomass Stocking Potential
Authors: Malunguja Gisandu , Thakur Bijay , Devi Ashalata 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Metal contaminants such as Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Lead are released and deposited in Reserved Forest soils as a result of heavily travelled roads. Their pollution interrupts the biogeochemical cycle in the natural environment, affecting plant productivity. However, this pollution's source, their ecological risks, and its effects on tree biomass productivity have yet to be examined. In order to examine this, an ecological study was conducted in two Assam Reserved Forests that are crossed by the National Highway (NH-15). Several ecological risk indices were used to assess potential ecological risks. Metal impacts on tree biomass stocks were predicted using regression analysis and Pearson's coefficient. The results showed that metal concentrations in soil samples collected near roads were much higher than those away from roads. However, the overall mean concentration was within the Indian guidelines. Indices of soil contaminations and pollutions ranged from mildly contaminated to highly contaminated and from low polluted to highly polluted soils. The Cd (88.97%), and Pb (52.61%) were revealed to be highly the main contaminating and sources of pollution and ecological danger in the surface soils. The strongest Pearson correlation coefficients between Cd-Cr (94%), Cd-Ni (74%), Cd-Pb (97%), Cr-Ni (88%), Cr-Pb (90%), and Ni-Pb (76%) suggest that metals are very comparable. While the strong negative relationships between tree biomass stock and metals, implying that metals are vital factors affecting tree biomass productivity. Thus, conservationists, ecologists, and policymakers must devise effective mitigation strategies for vehicular emission and car discharge caused by traffic passing through reserved forests.
How Adversarial attacks affect Deep Neural Networks Detecting COVID-19?
Authors: Gougeh Reza Amini 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Considering the global crisis of Coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the essence of utilizing novel approaches to achieve quick and accurate diagnosing methods is required. Deep Neural Networks (DNN) showed outstanding capabilities in classifying various data types, including medical images, in order to build a practical automatic diagnosing system. Therefore, DNNs can help the healthcare system to reduce patients waiting time. However, despite acceptable accuracy and low false-negative rate of DNNs in medical image classification, they have shown vulnerabilities in terms of adversarial attacks. Such input can lead the model to misclassification. This paper investigated the effect of these attacks on five commonly used neural networks, including ResNet-18, ResNet-50, Wide ResNet-16-8 (WRN-16-8), VGG-19, and Inception v3. Four adversarial attacks, including Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM), Projected Gradient Descent (PGD), Carlini and Wagner (C&W), and Spatial Transformations Attack (ST), were used to complete this investigation. Average accuracy on test images was 96.7\% and decreased to 41.1%, 25.5%, 50.1%, and 56.3% in FGSM, PGD, C&W, and ST, respectively. Results are indicating that ResNet-50 and WRN-16-8 were generally less affected by attacks. Therefore using defence methods in these two models can enhance their performance encountering adversarial perturbations.
Fluvoxamine and Amantadine: Central Nervous System Acting Drugs
Repositioned for COVID-19 as Early Intervention
Authors: Rejdak Konrad , Grieb Paweł 
Published: July 2021

Background:
As the World faces unprecedented pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus,
repositioning of existing drugs to treatment of COVID-19 disease is urgently awaited, provided
that high quality scientific evidence supporting safety and efficacy in this new indication is gathered.
Efforts concerning drugs repositioning to COVID-19 were mostly focused on antiviral drugs,
or drugs targeting the late phase of the disease.

Methods:
Based on published research, the pharmacological activities of fluvoxamine and amantadine,
two well-known drugs widely used in clinical practice for psychiatric and neurological diseases,
respectively, have been reviewed, with a focus on their potential therapeutic importance in the
treatment of COVID-19.

Result:
Several preclinical and clinical reports were identified suggesting that these two drugs
might exert protective effects in the early phases of COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Preclinical and early clinical evidence are presented indicating that these drugs hold
promise to prevent COVID-19 progression when administered early during the course of infection.
Resistin and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Current Literature Regarding Clinical and Pathological Relationships
Authors: Askin Lutfu , Abus Sabri , Tanriverdi Okan 
Published: July 2021

:Serum resistin, mainly secreted by the bone marrow, monocytes, and macrophages, contributes to many processes, including endothelial dysfunction, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) proliferation, and atherothrombosis demonstrating effects on the development of hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Previously published clinical studies have shown that plasma resistin levels are significantly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and adverse clinical outcomes associated with the condition. Resistin is associated with vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in vitro, most plausibly due to its relationship with oxidative stress in advanced atherosclerosis whereas in vivo studies have shown resistin to be associated with intimal hyperplasia. We aimed to summarize the role of resistin on cardiovascular disease (CVD), as we could not find any review focused on the role of resistin on CVD.
Predicting Biologic Therapy Outcome of Patients With Spondyloarthritis: Joint Models for Longitudinal and Survival Analysis
Authors: Barata Carolina , Rodrigues Ana Maria , Canhão Helena , Vinga Susana , Carvalho Alexandra M 
Published: July 2021

Background
Rheumatic diseases are one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Among them, spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of highly debilitating diseases, with an early onset age, which significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, health care systems, and society in general. Recent treatment options consist of using biologic therapies, and establishing the most beneficial option according to the patients’ characteristics is a challenge that needs to be overcome. Meanwhile, the emerging availability of electronic medical records has made necessary the development of methods that can extract insightful information while handling all the challenges of dealing with complex, real-world data.

Objective
The aim of this study was to achieve a better understanding of SpA patients’ therapy responses and identify the predictors that affect them, thereby enabling the prognosis of therapy success or failure.

Methods
A data mining approach based on joint models for the survival analysis of the biologic therapy failure is proposed, which considers the information of both baseline and time-varying variables extracted from the electronic medical records of SpA patients from the database, Reuma.pt.

Results
Our results show that being a male, starting biologic therapy at an older age, having a larger time interval between disease start and initiation of the first biologic drug, and being human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–B27 positive are indicators of a good prognosis for the biological drug survival; meanwhile, having disease onset or biologic therapy initiation occur in more recent years, a larger number of education years, and higher values of C-reactive protein or Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) at baseline are all predictors of a greater risk of failure of the first biologic therapy.

Conclusions
Among this Portuguese subpopulation of SpA patients, those who were male, HLA-B27 positive, and with a later biologic therapy starting date or a larger time interval between disease start and initiation of the first biologic therapy showed longer therapy adherence. Joint models proved to be a valuable tool for the analysis of electronic medical records in the field of rheumatic diseases and may allow for the identification of potential predictors of biologic therapy failure.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT IN RIPE AND UNRIPE POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) FRUIT JUICE
Authors: AMJAD MUHAMMAD , ANWER ZOBIA 
Published: July 2021

Objective: P. granatum L. is famous for antioxidant activity and utilized as a nourishing foodstuff. This work aimed to recognize the antioxidant activity and TPC in extracts of ripe and unripe fruit juice.
Methods: Competency of the solvents (water, methanol, acetone, chloroform, ethanol) were evaluated by analyzing extracts of ripe and unripe P. granatum L. fruit juice for TPC and DPPH* scavenging assay. FTC method measured the level of peroxides.
Results: In TPC extraction, the water solvent showed greater potential in both ripe (10.5±2.1) and unripe fruit juice (4.1±0.3) amongst all other solvents. Ethanol and water solvent showed the highest value of DPPH* scavenging activity (96%±6.81 and 72%±3.50 respectively) in ripe and unripe fruit juice. According to absorbance of DPPH radicals, the water solvent showed the highest antioxidant potential in ripe fruit juice (86%±6.78) like chloroform solvent in unripe fruit juice (14%±0.03). Unripe fruit juice showed lowest level of absorbance of DPPH radicals and highest antioxidant potential amid all solvents. In FTC method, unripe fruit juice showed the highest antioxidant activity and low amount of peroxides for consecutively seven days.
Conclusion: Ripe fruit juice showed the highest TPC and unripe fruit juice showed the maximum value of antioxidant potential. P. granatum L. provides an excellent supply of antioxidant activity and used in pharmaceutical and food industry.
SUBTIPOS DE LECTORES RETRASADOS EN ESPAÑOL
Authors: Cuadro Ariel , Marín Javier 
Published: July 2021

Con el objetivo de identificar y caracterizar a subtipos de lectores retrasados en español (fonológicos y superficiales), se comparan 42 lectores retrasados de 4º,5º y 6º de primaria, con 90 lectores normales de igual grado escolar y con 78 lectores normales de menor grado escolar y nivel lector equivalente. Se analizó el rendimiento de los grupos en tareas que implican procesamiento fonológico o procesamiento ortográfico. Los resultados de someter los datos a un análisis de regresión, muestran variaciones en la distribución de los subtipos de lectores retrasados. Se aplica la idea de que la dislexia de tipo fonológico y superficial, se diferenciaría en el grado de severidad del desorden fonológico y en los recursos cognitivos disponibles para compensar el déficit. (Snowling, 2000). La transparencia de la lengua, así como la experiencia lectora, favorece el aprendizaje de las reglas de correspondencia grafema-fonema, mejorando la exactitud en la lectura de pseudopalabras.