bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of body condition with lameness in dairy cattle: a single-farm longitudinal study
Authors: Kranepuhl Michaela , May Detlef , Hillmann Edna , Gygax Lorenz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research communication describes the relationship between the occurrence of lameness and body condition score (BCS) in a sample of 288 cows from a single farm that were repeatedly scored in the course of 9 months while controlling for confounding variables. The relationship between BCS and lameness was evaluated using generalised linear mixed-effects models. It was found that the proportion of lame cows was higher with decreasing but also with increasing BCS, increased with lactation number and decreased with time since the last claw trimming. This is likely to reflect the importance of sufficient body condition in the prevention of lameness but also raises the question of the impact of overcondition on lameness and the influence of claw trimming events on the assessment of lameness. A stronger focus on BCS might allow improved management of lameness that is still one of the major problems in housed cows.
Use of the Comprehensive Climate Index to estimate heat stress response of grazing dairy cows in a temperate climate region
Authors: Arias Rodrigo A. , Delgado Cynthia , Keim Juan Pablo , Gandarillas Mónica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of the summer thermal environment on physiological responses, behaviour, milk production and its composition on grazing dairy cows in a temperate climate region, according to the stage of lactation. Twenty-nine Holstein Friesian multiparous cows were randomly selected and divided into two groups, according to the days in milk, as mid-lactation (99 to 170 d in milk, n = 15) and late lactation (225 to 311 d in milk, n = 14). The comprehensive climate index (CCI) was used to classify the hour of each day as thermoneutral or heat stress, considering a threshold value of CCI of 20°C. Data were collected for 16 d (summer 2017) and analysed as a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with repeated measurements over time. Vaginal temperature increased with CCI ≥ 20°C. Respiration rates were dependent on the thermal condition, regardless of days in milk. There was an interaction between the time of day and the CCI category for activity and rumination. Grazing activity decreased by 17.6% but lying down, standing, and shaded animals increased by 1.6, 9.8, and 6.3% respectively when CCI ≥ 20°C. Over 80% of cows presented a panting score ≥1. However, milk production and composition (fat, protein, and lactose concentrations as well as somatic cell count) were not affected by the thermal condition, although there was a numerical (non-significant) decrease in afternoon milk protein concentration on days with CCI ≥ 20°C, while urea in milk increased. In conclusion, thermal condition challenged grazing dairy cows' behaviour and physiology independent of the stage of lactation but had little or no effect on milk production.
Proteomic profiling of ovine milk after grading up
Authors: Su Xiaohu , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Liguo , Bai Urhan , Ma Ying , Dou Yingjie , Zhang Xiaoran , Su Guanghua , Zhou Ningcong , Li Guangpeng , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe have previously bred Chinese local dairy sheep through grading up with local Small-Tailed Han (STH) sheep as female parent and DairyMeade (DM) sheep as male parent. In this research communication we characterize the whey protein profile of STH sheep and their offspring (F1, F2) to reveal physiological differences and variation in milk traits. A total of 1032 whey proteins were identified through tandem mass tag labeling (TMT) proteome profiling. Three proteins were significantly differentially abundant between F1 and STH milk, six between F2 and STH milk and five between F1 and F2 milk. In terms of differential changes between generations, WASHC4 and CUTA of F1 and Ig-like domain-containing protein of F2 milk were dominant whey proteins. Overall, the results showed that the whey protein profiles of different generations varied little. The crossbreeds of STH and DM sheep would be suitable for the development of the Chinese local sheep milk industry, and the F2 may be a better population for sheep milk production.
Non-attendance at an out-patient otolaryngology and head and neck clinic in New Zealand: impact of coronavirus disease 2019, and demographic, clinical and environmental factors
Authors: Ahmadi O , Maher W , White J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFear of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 may be the latest addition to the barriers to clinic attendance. This study aimed to examine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 and other variables on non-attendance rate at an out-patient clinic.MethodsClinic attendance at the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Waikato Hospital, New Zealand, was assessed. For each appointment, the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 and other variables on non-attendance rate were analysed.ResultsIn total, 1963 appointments were scheduled, with 194 non-attendances (9.9 per cent). Patients who had their appointments confirmed beforehand were 10.0 times more likely to attend their appointment. Sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and age were found to impact non-attendance rate.ConclusionIn New Zealand, coronavirus disease 2019 does not appear to be a barrier to out-patient clinic appointment attendance. The patient's age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and prior appointment confirmation were found to influence clinic attendance.
Meta-analysis of structural evidence for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model
Authors: Ringwald Whitney R. , Forbes Miriam K. , Wright Aidan G. C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a classification system that seeks to organize psychopathology using quantitative evidence – yet the current model was established by narrative review. This meta-analysis provides a quantitative synthesis of literature on transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology to evaluate the validity of the HiTOP framework.

Methods
Published studies estimating factor-analytic models from diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) diagnoses were screened. A total of 120,596 participants from 35 studies assessing 23 DSM diagnoses were included in the meta-analytic models. Data were pooled into a meta-analytic correlation matrix using a random effects model. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted using the pooled correlation matrix. A hierarchical structure was estimated by extracting one to five factors representing levels of the HiTOP framework, then calculating congruence coefficients between factors at sequential levels.

Results
Five transdiagnostic dimensions fit the DSM diagnoses well (comparative fit index = 0.92, root mean square error of approximation = 0.07, and standardized root-mean-square residual = 0.03). Most diagnoses had factor loadings >|0.30| on the expected factors, and congruence coefficients between factors indicated a hierarchical structure consistent with the HiTOP framework.

Conclusions
A model closely resembling the HiTOP framework fit the data well and placement of DSM diagnoses within transdiagnostic dimensions were largely confirmed, supporting it as valid structure for conceptualizing and organizing psychopathology. Results also suggest transdiagnostic research should (1) use traits, narrow symptoms, and dimensional measures of psychopathology instead of DSM diagnoses, (2) assess a broader array of constructs, and (3) increase focus on understudied pathologies.
‘Comme une chanson de Bruant’: marginality, nostalgia and protest during the 1968 years
Authors: Cannon James 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ‘1968 years’ (1968–1981) witnessed a resurgence of interest in the late 19th-century singer-songwriter and cabaret performer Aristide Bruant (1851–1925). This article explores the social and cultural origins of this Bruant ‘moment’, arguing that it was linked both to a culture of marginality that emerged during the events of May–June 1968 and to a culture of nostalgia (‘la mode rétro’) first identified in 1973. It focuses on five performers who revived or renewed Bruant's legacy during the 1968 years: Mouloudji, Francesca Solleville, Marc Ogeret, François Béranger and Renaud.
ADD-RRV for motion planning in complex environments
Authors: Cai Peng , Yue Xiaokui , Zhang Hongwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel sampling-based motion planning method in various complex environments, especially with narrow passages. We use online the results of the planner in the ADD-RRT framework to identify the types of the local configuration space based on the principal component analysis (PCA). The identification result is then used to accelerate the expansion similar to RRV around obstacles and through narrow passages. We also propose a modified bridge test to identify the entrance of a narrow passage and boost samples inside it. We have compared our method with known motion planners in several scenarios through simulations. Our method shows the best performance across all the tested planners in the tested scenarios.
Tele-operation of an industrial robot by an arm exoskeleton for peg-in-hole operation using immersive environments
Authors: Kansal Sachin , Zubair Mohd , Suthar Bhivraj , Mukherjee Sudipto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe design and development of an upper limb exoskeleton are being discussed for the tele-operation in order to control the KUKA KR5 industrial robot. When sufficient resolution is not provided by the visual feedback, feedback of haptic provides a qualitative understanding of changes in the remote conditions. This also provides tactile feedback from the virtual and real environment. Peg in a hole operation using exoskeleton works as the master for tele-operation in order to control the robot using immersive environment as visual feedback for the operator. The application of this work can be implemented as a nuclear power generation plant.
Pay to Play? How Reducing APSA Division Fees Increases Graduate Student Participation
Authors: Fairbanks Bailey R. , Neuner Fabian G. , Perera Isabel M. , Slaughter Christine M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIn 2017, the American Political Science Association (APSA) Committee on the Status of Graduate Students in the Profession launched an initiative to lower the cost of Division (i.e., organized section) membership for students to promote graduate students’ professional development and to advance Division interests. This article assesses the effect of this intervention on Division membership. Using APSA membership data, we find that almost two thirds of Divisions that charged fees in 2017 reduced or eliminated student fees between 2017 and 2019, nearly halving the average student dues (i.e., from $11.57 in 2017 to $5.84 in 2019). As a result, average student membership increased by more than 300% in Divisions that reduced fees (i.e., from 79.5 in 2017 to 248.7 in 2019), compared to a marginal 30% increase in those that did not reduce fees. These outcomes of the initiative support additional efforts to reduce the costs of APSA participation for graduate students.
Dalton and Putnam: Teaching Political Polarization to Generation Z Students
Authors: McBeth Mark K. , Belyea Jules , Perry Andrew 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTPolitical polarization and generational politics are important topics in contemporary political science classrooms. This article presents an approach to teaching political polarization in an introduction to politics course. Coauthored by two Generation Z students from the course and their Boomer Generation professor, the article provides conflicting views of young people and politics as found in the work of Robert Putnam and Russell Dalton. The article presents survey data on affective and issue political polarization from the course, including discussion by the two student coauthors of the survey results interpreting their generation’s political polarization. The course approaches the introductory politics course using cognitive psychology concepts including confirmative bias, motivated reasoning, and other cognitive biases. Teaching from this micro-level perspective helps students to reflect on their own political biases. The article provides concepts and readings for political science professors to use in replicating the course.
The challenges of China–India comparative urban studies
Authors: Frazier Mark W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScholarship on urban China and urban India has been prolific. Studies have separately addressed urban processes of migration, spatial transformation, governance, infrastructure, land conflicts, policing, and more. However, research on these areas has rarely intersected. This article discusses the challenges of comparison in China–India urban studies, and examines recent works through an analysis of “styles and scales of comparison.” Some seek to explain national-level variations by studying selected cities in each country. Others identify convergence and divergence in the context of broader global processes, and some incorporate historical trajectories to structure a temporal comparison. Because the most rapid periods of urbanization in the first half of the twenty-first century will take place in India and China and will soon account almost half of the planet's urban population, studies of urbanization in India and China are of great importance. Careful reflection on the study of urbanization in China–India studies can also re-center urban studies away from the historically dominant American/Eurocentric perspectives.
Theory in closer contact with industrial life: American institutional economists on competition theory and policy
Authors: Panhans Matthew T. , Schumacher Reinhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the views on competition theory and policy of the American institutional economists during the first half of the 20th century. These perspectives contrasted with those of contemporary neoclassical and later mainstream economic approaches. We identify three distinct dimensions to an institutionalist perspective on competition. First, institutionalist approaches focused on describing industry details, so as to bring theory into closer contact with reality. Second, institutionalists emphasized that while competition was sometimes beneficial, it could also be disruptive. Third, institutionalists had a broad view of the objectives of competition policy that extended beyond effects on consumer welfare. Consequently, institutionalists advocated for a wide range of policies to enhance competition, including industrial self-regulation, broad stakeholder representation within corporations, and direct governmental regulations. Their experimental attitude implied that policy would always be evolving, and antitrust enforcement might be only one stage in the development toward a regime of industrial regulation.
How Does a Pinatubo‐Size Volcanic Cloud Reach the Middle Stratosphere?
Authors: Stenchikov Georgiy , Ukhov Alexander , Osipov Sergey , Ahmadov Ravan , Grell Georg , Cady‐Pereira Karen , Mlawer Eli , Iacono Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVolcanic explosions are the most critical replenishing mechanism of the stratospheric aerosol Junge layer. A fresh volcanic cloud comprises mostly sulfur‐bearing gases, volcanic ash, and water vapor. It is commonly assumed that only sulfate aerosols remain in an aged volcanic cloud. Accurate simulation of the initial evolution of multicomponent fresh volcanic clouds is largely missing due to insufficient spatial resolution and a lack of relevant physics in global climate models. However, this initial stage is essential, as the vertical structure, composition, and altitude of a freshly developed volcanic cloud affect its long‐term evolution. To fill this gap, we modified a regional WRF‐Chem model to study the dispersion of a Pinatubo‐size volcanic cloud in the equatorial belt with a 25 km grid spacing explicitly accounting for the SO2, ash, sulfate, water vapor, and hydrometeors radiative effects. The model best reproduces the observed evolution of the Pinatubo optical depth when eruptive products are injected above the cold tropical tropopause at 17 km. During the first week, the volcanic cloud in our simulations rises 1 km/day. Ash is primarily responsible for the heating and lofting of the volcanic products. Radiative heating of SO2 is weaker than that of ash and sulfate but is sufficient to position the core of the SO2 layer 1–2 km above the sulfate layer. Utilizing a more realistic description of the volcanic cloud's initial stage potentially improves overall volcanic cloud predictability. It might also be essential to designing geoengineering technologies based on the injection of aerosol precursors in the lower stratosphere.
Lunar Photoemission Yields Inferred From ARTEMIS Measurements
Authors: Xu Shaosui , Poppe Andrew R. , Harada Yuki , Halekas Jasper S. , Chamberlin Phillip C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotoemission yield (the number of emitted electrons per incoming photon) is one of the fundamental properties of solid materials but is not yet well constrained for the lunar surface for photon energies >∼20 eV. In this study, we constrain this yield for incident photons with energies of ∼10–500 eV with data from the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission along with solar irradiance spectra from Version 2 of the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model. We also report the first oxygen Auger electron observations at the Moon by the ARTEMIS spacecraft, which provides a unique feature to identify photoelectrons emitted from the lunar surface. With lunar photoelectron observations identified in both Earth's magnetotail lobes and the solar wind for four selected days, we infer a lower bound of 10−3 in yield for photon energies >∼20 eV. However, our investigation also reveals an uncertainty over ∼4 orders of magnitude in derived yields with a sensitivity study, owing to a poorly constrained photoelectron energy probability function. This uncertainty motivates future experiments on lunar samples to better characterize the lunar surface charging environment.
Why Atmospheric Backscatter Is Important in the Formation of Electron Precipitation in the Diffuse Aurora
Authors: Khazanov George V. , Chen Margaret W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn addition to wave particle scattering in the magnetosphere, atmospheric backscatter of magnetospheric electrons is an important process that contributes to the formation of the precipitated electrons in the region of diffuse aurora. Two magnetically conjugate regions are involved in a complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) particle and energy interplay. Based on synthesizing previous theoretical/modeling studies and experimental evidence, we demonstrate the need for improving the quantification of magnetospheric electrons backscatter processes that can affect inner magnetospheric electrodynamics, transport and loss in a way that is not easily predicted. We discuss how these complex and energy‐dependent MI coupled processes can be treated in magnetospheric modeling.
Impacts of Fully Coupling Land Surface and Flood Models on the Simulation of Large Wetlands' Water Dynamics: The Case of the Inner Niger Delta
Authors: Getirana Augusto , Kumar Sujay V. , Konapala Goutam , Ndehedehe Christopher E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is known that representing wetland dynamics in land surface modeling improves models' capacity to reproduce fluxes and land surface boundary conditions for atmospheric modeling in general circulation models. This study presents the development of the full coupling between the Noah‐MP land surface model (LSM) and the Hydrological Modeling and Analysis Platform (HyMAP) flood model in the NASA Land Information System and its application over the Inner Niger Delta (IND), a well‐known hot‐spot of strong land surface‐atmosphere interactions in West Africa. Here, we define two experiments at 0.02° spatial resolution over 2002–2018 to quantify the impacts of the proposed developments on simulating IND dynamics. One represents the one‐way approach for simulating land surface and flooding processes (1‐WAY), that is, Noah‐MP neglects surface water availability, and the proposed two‐way coupling (2‐WAY), where Noah‐MP takes surface water availability into account in the vertical water and energy balance. Results show that accounting for two‐way interactions between Noah‐MP and HyMAP over IND improves simulations of all selected hydrological variables. Compared to 1‐WAY, evapotranspiration derived from 2‐WAY over flooding zones doubles, increased by 0.8 mm/day, resulting in an additional water loss rate of ∼18,900 km3/year, ∼40% drop of wetland extent during wet seasons, and major improvement in simulated water level variability at multiple locations. Significant soil moisture increase and surface temperature drop were also observed. Wetland outflows decreased by 35%, resulting in a substantial Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient improvement, from −0.73 to 0.79. It is anticipated that future developments in water monitoring and water‐related disaster warning systems will considerably benefit from these findings.
The laterodorsal tegmentum-ventral tegmental area circuit controls depression-like behaviors by activating ErbB4 in DA neurons
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Cui Wanpeng , Chen Wenbing , Liu Fang , Dong Zhaoqi , Xing Guanglin , Luo Bin , Gao Nannan , Zou Wen-Jun , Zhao Kai , Zhang Hongsheng , Ren Xiao , Yu Zheng , Robinson Heath L. , Liu Zhipeng , Xiong Wen-Cheng , Mei Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are critical to coping with stress. However, molecular mechanisms regulating their activity and stress-induced depression were not well understood. We found that the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 in VTA was activated in stress-susceptible mice. Deleting ErbB4 in VTA or in DA neurons, or chemical genetic inhibition of ErbB4 kinase activity in VTA suppressed the development of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like behaviors. ErbB4 activation required the expression of NRG1 in the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDTg); LDTg-specific deletion of NRG1 inhibited depression-like behaviors. NRG1 and ErbB4 suppressed potassium currents of VTA DA neurons and increased their firing activity. Finally, we showed that acute inhibition of ErbB4 after stress attenuated DA neuron hyperactivity and expression of depression-like behaviors. Together, these observations demonstrate a critical role of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in regulating depression-like behaviors and identify an unexpected mechanism by which the LDTg-VTA circuit regulates the activity of DA neurons.