bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the relevance of Knight, Keynes and Shackle for unawareness research
Authors: Svetlova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the interpretation of Knightian and Keynesian uncertainty as a situation of unawareness in which agents lack perfect knowledge of possible future states (not just of probabilities assigned to those states). So far, a systematic and nuanced debate of unawareness with relation to Knight’s and Keynes’ legacy has been largely neglected. The paper aims to fill this gap. It discusses in detail how Knight’s, Keynes’ and also Shackle’s ideas about the state space, surprises and ignorance are echoed (but often unacknowledged) in contemporary unawareness research. Parallel reading of these two streams of the literature reveals strong commonalities in argumentation, suggesting that the topic of unawareness could facilitate the dialogue between Post-Keynesians and mainstream economics. The paper concludes with a list of research questions relevant to the development of such a dialogue.
Juvenile moose stress and nutrition dynamics related to winter ticks, landscape characteristics, climate-mediated factors and survival
Authors: Rosenblatt Elias , DeBow Jacob , Blouin Joshua , Donovan Therese , Murdoch James , Creel Scott , Rogers Will , Gieder Katherina , Fortin Nick , Alexander Cedric 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Moose populations in the northeastern United States have declined over the past 15 years, primarily due to the impacts of winter ticks. Research efforts have focused on the effects of winter tick infestation on moose survival and reproduction, but stress and nutritional responses to ticks and other stressors remain understudied. We examined the influence of several environmental factors on moose calf stress hormone metabolite concentrations and nutritional restriction in Vermont, USA. We collected 407 fecal and 461 snow urine samples from 84 radio-collared moose calves in the winters of 2017–2019 (January–April) to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) concentrations and urea nitrogen:creatinine (UN:C) ratios. We used generalized mixed-effects models to evaluate the influence of individual condition, winter ticks, habitat, climate and human development on stress and nutrition in calf moose. We then used these physiological data to build generalized linear models to predict calf winter survival. Calf fGCM concentrations increased with nutritional restriction and snow depth during adult winter tick engorgement. Calf UN:C ratios increased in calves with lighter weights and higher tick loads in early winter. Calf UN:C ratios also increased in individuals with home ranges composed of little deciduous forests during adult winter tick engorgement. Our predictive models estimated that winter survival was negatively related to UN:C ratios and positively related to fGCM concentrations, particularly in early winter. By late March, as winter ticks are having their greatest toll and endogenous resources become depleted, we estimated a curvilinear relationship between fGCM concentrations and survival. Our results provide novel evidence linking moose calf stress and nutrition, a problematic parasite and challenging environment and winter survival. Our findings provide a baseline to support the development of non-invasive physiological monitoring for assessing environmental impacts on moose populations.
Prognostic impact of left ventricular ejection fraction recovery in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: analysis of an 11-year all-comers registry
Authors: Otero-García Oscar , Cid-Álvarez Ana Belén , Juskova Mària , Álvarez-Álvarez Belén , Tasende-Rey Pablo , Gude-Sampedro Francisco , García-Acuña José María , Agra-Bermejo Rosa , López-Otero Diego , Sanmartín-Pena Juan Carlos , Martínez-Monzonís Amparo , Trillo-Nouche Ramiro , González-Juanatey José R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) recovery after an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) identifies a group of patients with a better prognosis. However, the association between long-term outcomes and LVEF recovery among patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not yet been well investigated. Our study aims to detect differences in long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality between patients who recover LVEF at 1-year post-PCI and those who do not, and search for predictors of LVEF recovery.

Methods and results
This is a retrospective, single-centre study of 2170 consecutive patients admitted for STEMI in which primary PCI is performed. LVEF was determined at admission and at 1-year follow-up. The primary outcomes were long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Among the 2168 patients with baseline LVEF data, 822 (38%) had a LVEF &lt; 50% and 1346 (62%) ≥ 50%. Among those with LVEF &lt; 50%, LVEF data at 1-year were available in 554, and 299 (54.0%) presented with complete recovery (LVEF ≥ 50%). LVEF recovery was associated with a reduction in long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (P &lt; 0.0001). Female sex, treatment with ACEIs, lower creatinine levels, infarct-related artery different from the left main or left anterior descendent artery, and absence of prior ischaemic heart disease were independently associated with LVEF recovery.

Conclusions
Nearly 40% of patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI presented with LVEF depression at hospital admission. Among them, LVEF recovery at 1-year occurred in more than 50% and was independently associated with a significant decrease in long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Case report of Barth syndrome: a forgotten cause of cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rao Shiavax , Kanwal Arjun , Padmanabhan Sriram 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by clinical features including cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, growth delay, and exercise intolerance. It is often considered to be a paediatric disease, owing to most cases being diagnosed during childhood and mortality being the highest during the first few years of life.

Case summary
We report a case of dilated cardiomyopathy due to BTHS in a 27-year-old adult male patient, who initially presented with lightheadedness, dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and bilateral lower extremity oedema. Key findings from investigations included leukopenia, prolonged QTc interval, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global enlargement of all heart chambers, patent coronary arteries, and mild pulmonary hypertension. The patient was diuresed to euvolemia and discharged with a LifeVest. Guideline-directed medical therapy was initiated and uptitrated as an outpatient. A repeat echocardiogram 2 years after initial presentation showed marked improvement in LVEF.

Discussion
It is possible that there are adult patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, which may be attributable to BTHS. In the absence of an obvious underlying cause, with the appropriate historical information, clinical exam, laboratory investigations, and imaging findings, BTHS should be considered as a likely cause of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for first-degree relatives of patients with bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Tessler Idit , Leshno Moshe , Shmueli Amir , Shpitzen Shoshana , Durst Ronen , Gilon Dan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the commonest congenital heart valve malformation, and is associated with life-threatening complications. Given the high heritability index of BAV, many experts recommend echocardiography screening for first-degree relatives (FDRs) of an index case. Here, we aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of such cascade screening for BAV.

Methods and results
Using a decision-analytic model, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of echocardiographic screening for FDRs of a BAV index case. Data on BAV probabilities and complications among FDRs were derived from our institution's BAV familial cohort and from the literature on population-based BAV cohorts with long-term follow-up. Health gain was measured as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Cost inputs were based on list prices and literature data. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for uncertainty in the model's variables. Screening of FDRs was found to be the dominant strategy, being more effective and less costly than no screening, with savings of €644 and gains of 0.3 QALY. Results were sensitive throughout the range of the main model's variables, including the full range of reported BAV rates among FDRs across the literature. A gradual decrease of the incremental effect was found with the increase in screening age.

Conclusion
This economic evaluation model found that echocardiographic screening of FDRs of a BAV index case is not only clinically important but also cost-effective and cost-saving. Sensitivity analysis supported the model's robustness, suggesting its generalization.
Delayed Tree Mortality After Prescribed Fires in Mixed Oak Forests in Northwestern Ohio
Authors: Abella Scott R , Sprow LaRae A , Schetter Timothy A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Delayed tree mortality can contribute to variability in fire effects in forests, but its prevalence is not well understood in eastern North American oak forests where a management goal is using prescribed fire to shape forest density and composition. To assess potential delayed mortality after prescribed fires, we tracked the fates of 690 trees of four species in burned and 542 trees in unburned oak forests in northwestern Ohio, USA, and modeled survival using tree diameter and bole char. Delayed mortality, occurring 3–4 growing seasons after fire and in addition to initial mortality (1–2 growing seasons after fire), varied with species and tree diameter. Compared to initial mortality, delayed mortality resulted in eleven times more small-diameter (1–13 cm) red maple (Acer rubrum) dying after fire. White oak (Quercus alba), 1–25 cm in diameter, also incurred delayed mortality (five-times increase in dead trees). Neither sassafras (Sassafras albidum) nor black oak (Quercus velutina) displayed delayed mortality. Background tree mortality in unburned sites was minimal (0.4% per year across species). Logistic regression to model canopy survival selected only stem diameter for burned red maple trees, whereas both diameter and bole char related to survival in other species. Results suggest that (1) monitoring postfire tree mortality in oak forests should extend for at least four growing seasons to detect delayed mortality in some species, and that (2) single surface fires may eventually reduce encroaching red maple in oak forests more than initial postfire years indicate.
Constraint of glacial isostatic adjustment in the North Sea with geological relative sea level and GNSS vertical land motion data
Authors: Simon K M , Riva R E M , Vermeersen L L A 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYIn this study, we focus on improved constraint of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) signal at present-day, and its role as a contributor to present-day sea level budgets. The main study area extends from the coastal regions of northwestern Europe to northern Europe. Both Holocene relative sea level (RSL) data as well as vertical land motion (VLM) data are incorporated as constraints in a semi-empirical GIA model. 71 geological rates of GIA-driven RSL change are inferred from Holocene proxy data and 108 rates of vertical land motion from GNSS provide an additional measure of regional GIA deformation. Within the study area, the geological RSL data complement the spatial gaps of the VLM data and vice versa. Both data sets are inverted in a semi-empirical GIA model to yield updated estimates of regional present-day GIA deformations. A regional validation using tide gauges is presented for the North Sea, where the GIA signal may be complicated by lateral variations in Earth structure and existing predictions of regional and global GIA models show discrepancies. The model validation in the North Sea region suggests that geological data are needed to fit independent estimates of GIA-related RSL change inferred from tide gauge rates, indicating that geological rates from Holocene data do provide an important additional constraint for data-driven approaches to GIA estimation.
Machine Learning Models Under the Copyright Microscope: Is EU Copyright Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Otero BegoÑa Gonzalez 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper is based on a presentation given in December 2019 at the Lund’s University conference ‘Artificial Intelligence (AI), Data Protection and Intellectual Property in a European context’. The purpose of this article is to analyse the suitability of the copyright system over Machine Learning (ML) models, the so-called ‘core components’ of ML systems. Computer programs protection has always caused certain difficulties for intellectual property law. Internationally, agreement was reached in the 1970s to protect computer programs as literary works of copyright. ML models have been called ‘learning algorithms’, ‘AI computer programs’, and ‘software 2.0’. Yet there is no unanimity about what they are technically. This is relevant from a copyright perspective, because the regime of protection granted by copyright will be different depending on whether the ML model qualifies as a computer program, as a mathematical method, or as another type of work. Additionally, all proprietary and open source software licensing relies on copyright protection. In most open licenses, the license is not triggered if it is applied to something that is not protected by copyright (or related rights). Thus, it seems pertinent to question whether EU copyright law provides adequate protection for the core components of machine learning systems, the ML models.
CFAP65 is required in the acrosome biogenesis and mitochondrial sheath assembly during spermiogenesis
Authors: Wang Weili , Tian Shixong , Nie Hongchuan , Tu Chaofeng , Liu Chunyu , Li Yong , Li Dongyan , Yang Xiaoxuan , Meng Lanlan , Hu Tongyao , Zhang Qianjun , Du Juan , Fan Liqing , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge , Zhang Feng , Tan Yue-Qiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Asthenoteratospermia is a common cause of male infertility. Recent studies have revealed that CFAP65 mutations lead to severe asthenoteratospermia due to acrosome hypoplasia and flagellum malformations. However, the molecular mechanism underlying CFAP65-associated sperm malformation is largely unclear. Here, we initially examined the role of CFAP65 during spermiogenesis using Cfap65 knockout (Cfap65−/−) mice. The results showed that Cfap65−/− male mice exhibited severe asthenoteratospermia characterized by morphologically defective sperm heads and flagella. In Cfap65−/− mouse testes, hyper-constricted sperm heads were apparent in step 9 spermatids accompanied by abnormal manchette development, and acrosome biogenesis was abnormal in the maturation phase. Moreover, subsequent flagellar elongation was also severely affected and characterized by disrupted assembly of the mitochondrial sheath (MS) in Cfap65−/− male mice. Furthermore, the proteomic analysis revealed that the proteostatic system during acrosome formation, manchette organization and MS assembly was disrupted when CFAP65 was lost. Importantly, endogenous immunoprecipitation and immunostaining experiments revealed that CFAP65 may form a cytoplasmic protein network comprising MNS1, RSPH1, TPPP2, ZPBP1 and SPACA1. Overall, these findings provide insights into the complex molecular mechanisms of spermiogenesis by uncovering the essential roles of CFAP65 during sperm head shaping, acrosome biogenesis and MS assembly.
Dynamic control of nucleic-acid-sensing Toll-like receptors by the endosomal compartment
Authors: Miyake Kensuke , Saitoh Shin-Ichiroh , Fukui Ryutaro , Shibata Takuma , Sato Ryota , Murakami Yusuke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nucleic-acid (NA)-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mature with chaperones, such as Unc93B1 and the protein associated with TLR4 A (PRAT4A)–gp96 complex. The TLR–Unc93B1 complexes move to the endosomal compartment, where proteases such as cathepsins activate their responsiveness through proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of TLRs. Without proteolytic cleavage, ligand-dependent dimerization of NA-sensing TLRs is prevented by the uncleaved loop in the extracellular domains. Additionally, the association of Unc93B1 inhibits ligand-dependent dimerization of TLR3 and TLR9 and, therefore, Unc93B1 is released from these TLRs before dimerization. Ligand-activated NA-sensing TLRs induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and act on the endosomal compartment to initiate anterograde trafficking to the cell periphery for type I interferon production. In the endosomal compartment, DNA and RNA are degraded by DNases and RNases, respectively, generating degradation products. DNase 2A and RNase T2 generate ligands for TLR9 and TLR8, respectively. In this mechanism, DNases and RNases control innate immune responses to NAs in endosomal compartments. NA-sensing TLRs and the endosomal compartment work together to monitor environmental cues through endosomes and decide to launch innate immune responses.
Disentangling data dependency using cross-validation strategies to evaluate prediction quality of cattle grazing activities using machine learning algorithms and wearable sensor data
Authors: Coelho Ribeiro Leonardo Augusto , Bresolin Tiago , Rosa Guilherme Jordão de Magalhães , Rume Casagrande Daniel , Danes Marina de Arruda Camargo , Dórea João Ricardo Rebouças 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wearable sensors have been explored as an alternative for real-time monitoring of cattle feeding behavior in grazing systems. To evaluate the performance of predictive models such as machine learning (ML) techniques, data cross-validation (CV) approaches are often employed. However, due to data dependencies and confounding effects, poorly performed validation strategies may significantly inflate the prediction quality. In this context, our objective was to evaluate the effect of different CV strategies on the prediction of grazing activities in cattle using wearable sensor (accelerometer) data and ML algorithms. Six Nellore bulls (average live weight of 345 ± 21 kg) had their behavior visually classified as grazing or not-grazing for a period of 15 d. Elastic Net Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed to predict grazing activity (grazing or not-grazing) using 3-axis accelerometer data. For each analytical method, three CV strategies were evaluated: holdout, leave-one-animal-out (LOAO), and leave-one-day-out (LODO). Algorithms were trained using similar dataset sizes (holdout: n = 57,862; LOAO: n = 56,786; LODO: n = 56,672). Overall, GLM delivered the worst prediction accuracy (53%) compared with the ML techniques (65% for both RF and ANN), and ANN performed slightly better than RF for LOAO (73%) and LODO (64%) across CV strategies. The holdout yielded the highest nominal accuracy values for all three ML approaches (GLM: 59%, RF: 76%, and ANN: 74%), followed by LODO (GLM: 49%, RF: 61%, and ANN: 63%) and LOAO (GLM: 52%, RF: 57%, and ANN: 57%). With a larger dataset (i.e., more animals and grazing management scenarios), it is expected that accuracy could be increased. Most importantly, the greater prediction accuracy observed for holdout CV may simply indicate a lack of data independence and the presence of carry-over effects from animals and grazing management. Our results suggest that generalizing predictive models to unknown (not used for training) animals or grazing management may incur poor prediction quality. The results highlight the need for using management knowledge to define the validation strategy that is closer to the real-life situation, i.e., the intended application of the predictive model.
Relationship Between Scorpion Stings Events and Environmental Conditions in Mainland France
Authors: Vaucel Jules-Antoine , Larréché Sébastien , Paradis Camille , Labadie Magali , Courtois Arnaud , Grenet Guillaume , Langrand Jérome , Tournoud Christine , Nisse Patrick , Gallart Jean-Christophe , Schmitt Corinne , Torrents Romain , Le Roux Gaël , Gil-Jardine Cédric , Kallel Hatem ,   French PCC Research Group, Deguigne Marie , Descatha Alexis , Patat Anne-Marie , Paret Nathalie , Blanc-Brisset Ingrid , Nardon Audrey , de Haro Luc , Simon Nicolas , Delcourt Nicolas , Pelissier Fanny , Puskarczyk Emmanuel , Laborde-Casterot Hervé , Care Weniko , Vodovar Dominique 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the world, the impact of environmental conditions on the number of scorpion events was evaluated in North Africa,Middle East, and the Amazonian region but not in Europe. In mainland France, scorpion species described are Buthus occitanus (Amoreux, 1789), Belisarius xambeui (Simon, 1879) and 4 Euscorpiidae: Euscorpius concinnus (Koch, 1837), Euscorpius italicus (Herbst, 1800), Euscorpius tergestinus (Koch, 1837), and Tetratrichobothrius flavicaudis (De Geer, 1778). We aimed to describe the impact of environmental conduction on the number of scorpion events. For this, a retrospective multi-center study was conducted with data from the French poison control centers files about scorpion events between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2020. During the study period, 975 incoming calls for scorpion events were recorded and 574 were related to scorpions native to mainland France and Corsica: B. occitanus (n = 86), Euscorpiidae species (n = 222), B. xambeui (n = 1), and undetermined species (n = 265). Cases were mostly reported along the Mediterranean coast, along rivers, and in cities with a trading port. The number of scorpion events was linked to the rivers' water level, rivers' flow, temperature, sunshine, and pluviometry (P &lt; 0.05 for all variables). B. occitanus need warmest and driest environment than Euscorpiidae spp. A link between the severity of the envenoming and climatic condition or seasonality was not demonstrated.