bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presumptive malignant transformation of chronic polypoid cystitis into an apical transitional cell carcinoma without BRAF mutation in a young female dog
Authors: Butty Emmanuelle Marie , Hahn Shelley , Labato Mary Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 3‐year‐old spayed female English Springer Spaniel was presented twice 4 months apart for investigation of hematuria and pollakiuria without urinary tract infection. Both ultrasound examinations identified a stable craniodorsal bladder wall thickening. The first cystoscopic biopsy samples indicated lymphoplasmacytic cystitis and the second polypoid cystitis. The dog was represented 8 months later for recurrent clinical signs despite medical management. Although the ultrasound examination showed stable disease, repeat cystoscopic biopsy identified transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), confirmed on tissue removed by partial cystectomy. No BRAF mutation was ever detected in urine or tissue samples. To our knowledge, this case represents the first report of presumptive malignant transformation of polypoid cystitis into an apical TCC in a dog. Dogs with polypoid cystitis should be followed closely and surgical management considered if rapid resolution is not achieved with medical management.
Generalists yet different: distributional responses to climate change may vary in opportunistic bat species sharing similar ecological traits
Authors: Smeraldo Sonia , Bosso Luciano , Salinas‐Ramos Valeria B. , Ancillotto Leonardo , Sánchez‐Cordero Víctor , Gazaryan Suren , Russo Danilo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Climate change is among the key anthropogenic factors affecting species’ distribution, with important consequences for conservation. However, little is known concerning the consequences of distributional changes on community‐level interactions, and responses by generalist species might have many ecological implications in terms of novel interactions with resident species.

In this study, we applied Ecological Niche Models and niche analysis to three generalist bat species, Hypsugo savii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, and Pipistrellus pipistrellus, which share similar ecological traits and are sympatric in parts of their ranges. Our aims were to investigate how predicted climate change will affect species’ distribution and to analyse the degree of climatic niche overlap between the three species, in both the current and the future scenarios (2050 and 2070; Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5).

Temperatures were the most important predictors influencing species’ range expansion in future. According to our models, Pipistrellus kuhlii and Hypsugo savii may expand their geographic ranges towards northern latitudes, whereas the geographic range of the less thermophilous Pipistrellus will shift northwards, resulting in it losing the southern portion in Europe. The already considerable degree of climatic niche overlap between the three species will increase further in future.

On the basis of our findings, within the new areas potentially colonised by all three species in future, alterations in community‐level balance might occur, bringing about effects that are only partially predictable. In view of this, we highlight the need for further research and improved monitoring of bat communities in areas that are predicted to be particularly vulnerable to climate change.
A decision‐making methodology for risk‐informed earthquake early warning
Authors: Cremen Gemma , Galasso Carmine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo maximize the potential of earthquake early warning (EEW) as a credible tool for seismic resilience promotion, it should be combined with next‐generation decision‐support tools that use advanced risk‐based predictions and account for unavoidable malfunctions of the system (i.e., false alarms) to determine whether or not alerts/mitigation actions should be triggered. This work contributes to the required effort by developing a novel end‐user‐oriented approach for decision making related to very short‐term earthquake risk management. The proposed methodology unifies earthquake‐engineering‐related performance assessment procedures/metrics (for end‐user‐focused damage and consequence estimation) with multicriteria decision‐making tools (to consider end‐user preferences toward different types of risks). It is demonstrated for EEW in a hypothetical school building, to specifically investigate the optimal decisions (i.e., “trigger”/“do not trigger” alerts) for a range of earthquake scenarios with varying parameter uncertainties. In particular, it is found that the best action for a given ground‐shaking intensity can depend on stakeholder (end‐user) preferences.
Discovery and modulation of diterpenoid metabolism improves glandular trichome formation, artemisinin production and stress resilience in Artemisia annua
Authors: Chen Ruibing , Bu Yuejuan , Ren Junze , Pelot Kyle A. , Hu Xiangyang , Diao Yong , Chen Wansheng , Zerbe Philipp , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Plants synthesize diverse diterpenoids with numerous functions in organ development and stress resistance. However, the role of diterpenoids in glandular trichome (GT) development and GT‐localized biosynthesis in plants remains unknown.

Here, the identification of 10 diterpene synthases (diTPSs) revealed the diversity of diterpenoid biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between AaKSL1 and AaCPS2 in the plastids highlighted their potential functions in modulating metabolic flux to gibberellins (GAs) or ent‐isopimara‐7,15‐diene‐derived metabolites (IDMs) through metabolic engineering.

A phenotypic analysis of transgenic plants suggested a complex repertoire of diterpenoids in Artemisia annua with important roles in GT formation, artemisinin accumulation and stress resilience. Metabolic engineering of diterpenoids simultaneously increased the artemisinin yield and stress resistance. Transcriptome and metabolic profiling suggested that bioactive GA4/GA1 promote GT formation.

Collectively, these results expand our knowledge of diterpenoids and show the potential of diterpenoids to simultaneously improve both the GT‐localized metabolite yield and stress resistance, in planta.
Childhood obesity prevention across borders: A National Institutes of Health commentary
Authors: Vorkoper Susan , Arteaga S. Sonia , Berrigan David , Bialy Kevin , Bremer Andrew A. , Cotton Paul , Czajkowski Susan , Neilson Elizabeth , Osganian Stavroula K. , Pratt Charlotte A. , Price Le Shawndra N. , Tabor Derrick C. , Walker Jenelle R. , Williams Makeda J. , Anand Nalini 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIn response to the increasing rates of childhood obesity, the United States and countries across Latin America have invested in research that tests innovative strategies and interventions. Despite this, progress has been slow, uneven, and sporadic, calling for increased knowledge exchange and research collaboration that accelerate the adaptation and implementation of promising childhood obesity interventions. To share research results, challenges, and proven intervention strategies among Latin American and US researchers, particularly those working with Latino and Latin American populations, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened researchers from the United States and Latin America to highlight synergies between research conducted in Latin America and among Latino populations in the United States with the goal of catalyzing new relationships and identifying common research questions and strategies. This article highlights the NIH's research and priorities in childhood obesity prevention as well as areas for future direction, including overarching NIH plans and NIH institutes, centers, and offices investments in specific areas related to childhood obesity prevention in Latin America and/or among Latino populations in the United States.
Dual function of clock component OsLHY sets critical day length for photoperiodic flowering in rice
Authors: Sun Changhui , Zhang Kuan , Zhou Yi , Xiang Lin , He Changcai , Zhong Chao , Li Ke , Wang Qiuxia , Yang Chuanpeng , Wang Qian , Chen Congping , Chen Dan , Wang Yang , Liu Chuanqiang , Yang Bin , Wu Hualin , Chen Xiaoqiong , Li Weitao , Wang Jing , Xu Peizhou , Wang Pingrong , Fang Jun , Chu Chengcai , Deng Xiaojian 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCircadian clock, an endogenous time‐setting mechanism, allows plants to adapt to unstable photoperiod conditions and induces flowering with proper timing. In Arabidopsis, the central clock oscillator was formed by a series of interlocked transcriptional feedback loops, but little is known in rice so far. By MutMap technique, we identified the candidate gene OsLHY from a later flowering mutant lem1 and further confirmed it through genetic complementation, RNA interference knockdown, and CRISPR/Cas9‐knockout. Global transcriptome profiling and expression analyses revealed that OsLHY might be a vital circadian rhythm component. Interestingly, oslhy flowered later under ≥12 h day length but headed earlier under ≤11 h day length. qRT‐PCR results exhibited that OsLHY might function through OsGI‐Hd1 pathway. Subsequent one‐hybrid assays in yeast, DNA affinity purification qPCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed OsLHY could directly bind to the CBS element in OsGI promoter. Moreover, the critical day length (CDL) for function reversal of OsLHY in oslhy (11–12 h) was prolonged in the double mutant oslhy osgi (about 13.5 h), indicating that the CDL set by OsLHY was OsGI dependent. Additionally, the dual function of OsLHY entirely relied on Hd1, as the double mutant oslhy hd1 showed the same heading date with hd1 under about 11.5, 13.5, and 14 h day lengths. Together, OsLHY could fine‐tune the CDL by directly regulating OsGI, and Hd1 acts as the final effector of CDL downstream of OsLHY. Our study illustrates a new regulatory mechanism between the circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering.
Treatment of scarring alopecia from trauma and surgical procedures in young patients using follicular unit hair transplantation
Authors: Nuri Takashi , Abe Norihisa , Sakamoto Aritaka , Tsushima Akitoshi , Kasai Yoshiaki , Narui Yuya , Ueda Koichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionHair loss due to scarring as a consequence of surgical procedures and trauma can impact young patients socially and emotionally. Recently follicular unit extraction (FUE) hair transplantation has been applied to scar treatment.Patients and MethodsThis report included four patients with scarring alopecia. All patients were female with a mean age of 12.5 years. Previous operations that caused scarring were sebaceous nevus excision with direct closure (n = 2), an extensive burn scar treated using an expander (n = 1) and cauterization for a congenital pigmented nevus (n = 1). The average size of the affected area was 10.5 cm2. The FUE transplantation procedure was performed under local anesthesia. The number of grafts was set at approximately 25‐30 grafts/ cm2 of scar. An electronic punch with a diameter of 0.8 mm was used for graft harvesting, and a 0.6‐mm electronic punch was used to make cylindrical holes on recipient site. The donor sites were shaved followed by graft harvesting in two cases. For the other two cases, harvesting was done without shaving.ResultsThe number of transplanted grafts was 60 to 600 (mean 288), and surgical time was 38 to 220 minutes (mean 108). The average dose of lidocaine was 1.4 mg/kg. The average survival rate of the grafts was 85%.ConclusionOur experience in these cases suggests that this technique may be a viable option for the treatment of certain causes of scarring alopecia in the pediatric age group.
Acceptance and outcome of interventions in a meropenem de‐escalation antimicrobial stewardship program in pediatrics
Authors: Rungsitsathian Kanokporn , Wacharachaisurapol Noppadol , Nakaranurack Chotirat , Usayaporn Sang , Sakares Watchara , Kawichai Surinda , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Anugulruengkitt Suvaporn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundProspective audit and feedback is a method that allows the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) team to interact with attending physicians to tailor antibiotic therapy, including de‐escalation, as appropriate. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance and outcomes of ASP de‐escalation recommendations in children who received meropenem.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in children aged 1 month to 18 years who received meropenem in a tertiary‐care teaching hospital. The ASP team gave recommendation between 72 and 120 h after initiating meropenem therapy. Acceptance of de‐escalation recommendations among primary physicians was evaluated within 24 h of recommendation. Outcomes included clinical success rate on the 7th day and incidence rate of acquisition of carbapenem‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria (CR‐GNB) within 30 days.ResultsFrom March to December 2019, 217 children with a median (interquartile range) age of 2.1 (0.6, 9.5) years received meropenem. The ASP team gave recommendations in 127 (58.5%) of cases for continuation of meropenem therapy and 90 (41.5%) of cases for de‐escalation. The overall acceptance of ASP de‐escalation recommendations was 57.8% (95%CI: 46.9–68.1%). Clinical success rates were 85.2% in the accepted group compared to 77.5% in the rejected group (P = 0.06). The incidence rate of acquisition of CR‐GNB within 30 days after treatment was 5.8% in the accepted group and 15.8% in the rejected group (P = 0.03).ConclusionsAbout half of the recommendations to de‐escalate meropenem prescriptions were accepted through the ASP intervention. Carbapenem‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria acquisitions was less likely in the de‐escalation group. A robust de‐escalation strategy 72 h following carbapenem initiation should be encouraged to combat multidrug‐resistant organisms.
Isolated solar angioedema: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Aronovich Anna , Snast Igor , Lapidoth Moshe , Leshem Yael A. , Enk Claes D. , Tal Yuval , Mimouni Daniel , Hodak Emmilia , Levi Assi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolar urticaria is a well‐recognized photodermatosis, sometimes accompanied by angioedema. However, isolated solar angioedema (ISA) is a rare and unrecognized entity. The purpose of our work was to systematically review the available data on ISA. Therefore, a systematic review of studies evaluating ISA was performed. Additionally, a case of a 21‐years‐old patient from our photodermatosis service is presented. The search yielded 421 publications, with 3 eligible for review. Together with our case, 5 cases were included overall. All patients were female. Four out of 5 patients first experienced ISA at childhood or early adulthood (age range 6‐22 years). UVA photoprovocation was positive in the 3 out of the 4 patients who were tested. Improvement was noted following NB‐UVB hardening (2 out of 5 patients) or a short course of oral prednisone (3 out of 5 patients) combined with regular sunscreen application. To conclude, ISA is an extremely rare entity, although it may be underdiagnosed due to lack of awareness. The clinician must consider ISA in the differential diagnosis of angioedema since it can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Besides sun avoidance, there is no consensus regarding treatment.
Severe maternal morbidity at delivery and postpartum readmission in the United States
Authors: Matas Jennifer L. , Mitchell Laura E. , Sharma Shreela V. , Louis Judette M. , Salemi Jason L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the extent to which severe maternal morbidity (SMM) at delivery impacts early and late postpartum readmission.ObjectivesWe examined readmission rates for women with and without SMM (and their 18 subtypes) at delivery and characterised the most common medical reasons for readmissions.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study utilising the 2016‐2017 Nationwide Readmissions Database among women giving births in the United States. Deliveries were classified according to the presence or absence of 18 SMM indicators defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) diagnosis and procedure codes. The primary outcome of this study was all‐cause early (≤7 day) and late (8 to 42 day) postpartum readmission. Survey‐weighted Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to generate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to investigate the association between SMM and early and late postpartum readmission. Additionally, we compared principal diagnoses codes during readmission hospitalisations among women with and without SMM at delivery.ResultsOf the 6 193 852 women examined, 4.9% (n = 4928) with any SMM and 1.4% (n = 83 995) with no SMM were readmitted within 42 days after delivery. After adjusting for obstetric co‐morbidities and sociodemographic factors, women with any SMM were 57% (RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.47, 1.67) more likely to have an early readmission and 69% (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.57, 1.82) more likely to have a late readmission compared to women with no SMM at delivery. However, the risk was attenuated when excluding women with blood transfusion only. Women with and without SMM were readmitted predominantly for obstetric complications and infections.ConclusionsWomen with SMM at delivery were more likely to experience both early and late postpartum readmission, independent of their obstetrical co‐morbidity burden and sociodemographic factors.
Glycine alleviates fluoride‐induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and senescence in a porcine testicular Sertoli cell line
Authors: Liu Ying , Sun Boxing , Zhang Shaoxuan , Li Jing , Qi Jiajia , Bai Chunyan , Zhang Jiabao , Liang Shuang 
Published: March 2021

ContentsGlycine is a well‐known free radical scavenger in the cellular antioxidant system that prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis. Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with multiple types of cellular damage in humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of glycine on sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure and the possible underlying mechanisms in a porcine testicular Sertoli cell line model. Cellular viability and proliferation were examined following NaF exposure and glycine supplementation, and glycine dramatically ameliorated the decreases in NaF‐induced porcine testicular Sertoli cell viability and proliferation. Further investigations revealed that glycine decreased NaF‐induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, DNA fragment accumulation and the apoptosis incidence in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line; in addition, glycine improved mitochondrial function and ATP production. Notably, results of the SPiDER‐β‐Gal analysis suggested that glycine alleviated NaF‐induced cellular senescence and downregulated P53, P21, HMGA2 and P16INK4a gene expression in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line. Collectively, the beneficial effects of glycine alleviate NaF‐induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and senescence, and together with our previous findings, support the hypothesis that glycine plays an important role in protecting against NaF exposure‐induced impairments in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line.
Adjusted method of penis fixation during boar semi‐automatic semen collection aiming to reduce bacterial contamination
Authors: Paschoal Aline Fernanda Lopes , Mellagi Ana Paula Gonçalves , Ferrari Cristina Vicenti , Takeuti Karine Ludwig , Oliveira Gabriela da Silva , Bernardi Mari Lourdes , Ulguim Rafael da Rosa , Bortolozzo Fernando Pandolfo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSemen collection has an essential role in the initial bacterial load in boar ejaculates and extended semen. The study aimed to explore the efficacy of an adjusted penis fixation in a semi‐automatic collection system on reducing bacterial contamination of ejaculates in two‐boar studs with different scenarios. Historically, stud A had low levels of bacterial load in raw semen, while stud B had a high level of contamination. A total of 56 mature boars had their semen collected using two methods of penis fixation: (a) Traditional: The penis was fixed directly with the artificial cervix and transferred to the adjustable clamp; (b) Adjusted: The fixation was performed with one gloved‐hand, and after exteriorization, the penis was gripped using the artificial cervix with the other gloved‐hand and transferred to the adjustable clamp. The bacterial load (p = .0045) and the occurrence of ejaculates >231 CFU/ml (p = .0101) were reduced in the Adjusted compared to the Traditional method. Bacterial load was reduced when using the Adjusted method in stud B (p = .0011), which showed a greater occurrence of critical factors for bacterial contamination (p ≤ .0034). The Adjusted method reduced the occurrence of ejaculates >231 CFU/ml when the preputial ostium was dirty (p = .016) and the duration of semen collection was >7 min (p = .022) compared to the Traditional method. In conclusion, the Adjusted penis fixation was efficient in reducing bacterial load of ejaculates, mainly in boar stud B, which had high contamination challenges.
Evidence Theory Representations for Properties Associated With Weak Link/Strong Link Systems, Part 2: Failure Time and Failure Temperature
Authors: Helton Jon C. , Brooks Dusty M. , Darby John L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of evidence theory and associated cumulative plausibility functions (CPFs), cumulative belief functions (CBFs), cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), complementary cumulative plausibility functions (CCPFs), complementary cumulative belief functions (CCBFs), and complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) in the analysis of loss of assured safety (LOAS) for weak link (WL)/strong link (SL) systems is introduced and illustrated. Article content includes cumulative and complementary cumulative belief, plausibility, and probability for (i) time at which LOAS occurs for a one WL/two SL system, (ii) time at which a two-link system fails, (iii) temperature at which a two-link system fails, and (iv) temperature at which LOAS occurs for a one WL/two SL system. The presented results can be generalized to systems with more than one WL and two SLs.
Effects of Axial Casing Grooves on the Structure of Turbulence in the Tip Region of an Axial Turbomachine Rotor
Authors: Chen Huang , Li Yuanchao , Koley Subhra Shankha , Katz Joseph 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Challenges in turbulence modeling in the tip region of turbomachines include anisotropy, inhomogeneity, and non-equilibrium conditions, resulting in poor correlations between Reynolds stresses and the corresponding mean strain-rate components. The geometric complexity introduced by casing grooves exacerbates this problem. Taking advantage of a large database collected in the refractive index-matched liquid facility at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), this paper examines the effect of axial casing grooves on the distributions of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), Reynolds stresses, anisotropy tensor, and TKE production rate in the tip region of an axial turbomachine. The comparisons are performed at flowrates corresponding to prestall and best efficiency points of the untreated machine. Common features include high TKE near the tip leakage vortex center and in the shear layer connecting it to the blade suction side tip corner. The turbulence is highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous, with the anisotropy tensor shifting from one-dimensional (1D) to 2D and 3D structures over small distances. With the grooves, the flow structure, hence the distribution of Reynolds stresses, becomes more complex. Additional sites with elevated turbulence include the corner vortex that develops at the entrance to the grooves, and in the flow jetting out of the grooves into the passage. Consistent with trends of the production rates of normal Reynolds stress components, the grooves increase the axial but reduce the radial velocity fluctuations as the inflow and outflow from the groove interact with the passage flow. These findings might assist the development of Reynolds stress models suitable for tip flows.