bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining local perspectives on the influence of climate change on the health of Hamer pastoralists and their livestock in Ethiopia
Authors: Lumborg Samuel , Tefera Samuel , Munslow Barry , Mor Siobhan M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study explores the perceived influence of climate change on the health of Hamer pastoralists and their livestock in south-western Ethiopia. A combination of focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted with Hamer communities as well as local health workers, animal health workers and non-governmental organisation (NGO) staff. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyse the data. Reductions in rangeland, erratic rainfall, recurrent droughts and loss of seasonality were perceived to be the biggest climate challenges influencing the health and livelihoods of the Hamer. Communities were travelling greater distances to access sufficient grazing lands, and this was leading to livestock deaths and increases in ethnic violence. Reductions in suitable rangeland were also precipitating disease outbreaks in animals due to increased mixing of different herds. Negative health impacts in the community stemmed indirectly from decreases in livestock production, uncertain crop harvests and increased water scarcity. The remoteness of grazing lands has resulted in decreased availability of animal milk, contributing to malnutrition in vulnerable groups, including children. Water scarcity in the region has led to utilisation of unsafe water sources resulting in diarrhoeal illnesses. Further, seasonal shifts in climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria were also acknowledged. Poorly resourced healthcare facilities with limited accessibility combined with an absence of health education has amplified the community’s vulnerability to health challenges. The resilience and ambition for livelihood diversification amongst the Hamer was evident. The introduction of camels, increase in permanent settlements and new commercial ideas were transforming their livelihood strategies. However, the Hamer lack a voice to express their perspectives, challenges and ambitions. There needs to be collaborative dynamic dialogue between pastoral communities and the policy-makers to drive sustainable development in the area without compromising the values, traditions and knowledge of the pastoralists.
Emerging roles of non-histone protein crotonylation in biomedicine
Authors: Hou Jia-Yi , Zhou Lan , Li Jia-Lei , Wang De-Ping , Cao Ji-Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCrotonylation of proteins is a newly found type of post-translational modifications (PTMs) which occurs leadingly on the lysine residue, namely, lysine crotonylation (Kcr). Kcr is conserved and is regulated by a series of enzymes and co-enzymes including lysine crotonyltransferase (writer), lysine decrotonylase (eraser), certain YEATS proteins (reader), and crotonyl-coenzyme A (donor). Histone Kcr has been substantially studied since 2011, but the Kcr of non-histone proteins is just an emerging field since its finding in 2017. Recent advances in the identification and quantification of non-histone protein Kcr by mass spectrometry have increased our understanding of Kcr. In this review, we summarized the main proteomic characteristics of non-histone protein Kcr and discussed its biological functions, including gene transcription, DNA damage response, enzymes regulation, metabolic pathways, cell cycle, and localization of heterochromatin in cells. We further proposed the performance of non-histone protein Kcr in diseases and the prospect of Kcr manipulators as potential therapeutic candidates in the diseases.
YTHDF1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Luo Xiangyuan , Cao Mengdie , Gao Fan , He Xingxing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, as the most abundant RNA modification, widely participates in the physiological process and is involved in multiple disease progression, especially cancer. YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) is a pivotal m6A “reader” protein, which has been reported in multiple cancers. However, the role and molecular mechanism of YTHDF1 in HCC are still not fully elucidated.

Methods
Based on various bioinformatics databases, q-RT PCR, western blot, and a tissue microarray containing 90 HCC samples, we examined the expression of YTHDF1 in HCC. Then, we applied the loss-of-function experiments to explore the role of YTHDF1 in HCC by in vitro and in vivo assays. Finally, we performed the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to predict the potential signaling pathway of YTHDF1 involved in HCC and further verified this prediction.

Results
YTHDF1 was overexpressed in HCC and associated with HCC grade. Depletion of YTHDF1 markedly impaired the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle process of HCC cells. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 promoted the growth of HCC cells via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated the promoting effect of YTHDF1 on the migration and invasion of HCC cells.

Conclusions
YTHDF1 contributes to the progression of HCC by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing EMT.
A copper alloy light cannon from Grodno: an example of early firearms from Eastern Europe
Authors: Żabiński Grzegorz , Strzyż Piotr , Goryczka Tomasz , Aniołek Krzysztof , Miśta-Jakubowska Ewelina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses a recent find of a copper alloy light cannon discovered at the Old Castle in Grodno, Belarus. The research aim was to analyse the artefact in all its possible aspects, including archaeological and historical contexts, possible analogies, and the gun’s technology of manufacture. This latter was done against a broad comparative background of what is known on manufacturing technologies of late medieval and modern period copper alloy firearms. First, the archaeological and historical contexts of the discovery are dealt with. Then, the morphology and typochronology of the cannon are discussed and relevant analogies are proposed. Next, the technology of manufacture of the cannon is studied on the basis of metallographic examinations and EDS analyses of the metal’s elemental composition. It was found out that the artefact had been made of leaded copper. The cannon can be dated with reasonable certainty to the late 14th c., as implied both by the find context, the morphology and the chemical composition of the artefact. Its deposition can be related to fights over the Old Castle in Grodno in this period, waged by Teutonic, Polish and Lithuanian forces. It can tentatively be proposed that the cannon was manufactured in a Teutonic Order’s workshop, but further research is necessary to verify this supposition.
Antioxidant property, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of aqueous extracts of two onion bulbs varieties (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Dimitry Mang Yannick , Emmanuel Panyo’o Akdowa , Edith Djiogue Manejo Josiane , Armand Abdou Bouba , Nicolas Njintang Yanou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
oxidative stress and inflammation remain the main health problems often linked to degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of onion growth in Cameroon.

Methods
Aqueous extracts were produced from two varieties of onion (Violet of galmi; Goudami) and were quantified for their polyphenols content. Concentrations of extracts (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg/mL) were also prepared, their in vitro antioxidant properties evaluated by using standard methods. Anti-inflammatory effect of onion extracts was assessed by applying carrageenan sub plantar test to Wistar rats, but acetic acid test was used to study analgesic effect.

Results
The polyphenols content and antioxidant activities of onion extracts changed significantly (p < 0.05) with variety and increased (p < 0.05) with concentration. Total phenolic (range 58.03–67.43%), Total Reducing power (range 0.27–0.94%), DPPH radical scavenging (range 37.33–202.08%) were higher in Violet of galmi extracts, while Ferrous ion chelating power (range 23.15–97.42%) was higher in Goudami extract. The two varieties of onion extracts reduce (p < 0.05) rat paw edema in a dose dependent manner compared with negative control group. Violet of Galmi variety (1.5 mg/kg) reaches 100% of inhibition after 2 h whereas the Goudami variety (1.5 mg/kg) reaches 100% of inhibition after 3 h. In terms of analgesic activity, aqueous extract of the two varieties of onion exhibited analgesic effect characterized by reduction in writhes. Analgesic activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) with concentration of onion but Violet of galmi extracts has also shown more efficacy than Goudami extracts.

Conclusion
The present findings suggest that aqueous extract of violet of galmi and Goudami bulb onions have antioxidant activity and protective effects against inflammation and pain.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide glass fibers: a brief review
Authors: Wang Yingying , Dai Shixun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChalcogenide (ChG) glasses have the characteristics of a wide transparency window (over 20 μm) and high optical nonlinearity (up to 103 times greater than that of silica glasses), exhibiting great advantages over silica and other soft glasses in optical property at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range. These make them excellent candidates for MIR supercontinuum (SC) generation. Over the past decades, great progress has been made in MIR SC generation based on ChG fibers in terms of spectral extension and output power improvement. In this paper, we introduce briefly the properties of ChG glasses and fibers including transmission, nonlinearity, and dispersion, etc. Recent progress in MIR SC generation based on ChG fibers is reviewed from the perspective of pump schemes. We also present novel ChG fibers such as As-free, Te-based, and chalcohalide fibers, which have been explored and employed as nonlinear fibers to achieve broadband SC generation. Moreover, the potential applications of MIR SC sources based on ChG fibers are discussed.
Response to Induction Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy Using Upfront 21-Gene Breast Recurrence Score Assay—Results From the SAFIA Phase III Trial
Authors: AlSaleh Khalid , Al Zahwahry Heba , Bounedjar Adda , Oukkal Mohammed , Saadeddine Ahmed , Mahfouf Hassen , Bouzid Kamel , Bensalem Assia , Filali Taha , Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Larbaoui Blaha , Kandil Alaa , Abulkhair Omalkhair , Al Foheidi Meteb , Errihani Hassan , Ghosn Marwan , Abdel-Aziz Nashwa , Arafah Maria , Boussen Hamouda , Dabouz Farida , Rasool Haleem , Bahadoor Mohun , Ayari Jihen , Kullab Sharif , Nabholtz Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE Luminal, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer represents the most common subtype of breast malignancies. Neoadjuvant strategies of operable breast cancer are mostly based on chemotherapy, whereas it is not completely understood which patients might benefit from neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NAHT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The SAFIA trial is a prospective multicenter, international, double-blind, neoadjuvant phase III trial, using upfront 21-gene Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score assay (recurrence score [RS] < 31) to select operable luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative patients, for induction hormonal therapy HT (fulvestrant 500 mg with or without goserelin) before randomly assigning responding patients to fulvestrant 500 mg (with or without goserelin) plus either palbociclib (cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor) or placebo. The objectives of this interim analysis were to assess the feasibility of upfront RS determination on core biopsies in the Middle-East and North Africa region and evaluate the efficacy of induction NAHT in patients with an RS < 31. RESULTS At the time of this interim analysis, 258 patients with relative risk were accrued, including 202 patients (RS < 31% to 78.3%) treated with induction NAHT and 182 patients evaluable so far for response. The feasibility of performing the Oncotype DX assays on core biopsy specimens was optimal in 96.4% of cases. Overall, 93.4% of patients showed hormone sensitivity and no difference in NAHT efficacy was noticed between RS 0-10, 11-25, and 26-30. Interestingly, patients with high RS (26-30) showed a trend toward a higher major response rate ( P = .05). CONCLUSION The upfront 21-gene assay performed on biopsies is feasible in our population and has allowed us to select patients with high hormone sensitivity (RS < 31). This approach could be an alternative to upfront surgery without significant risk of progression, particularly during pandemic times.
Adjuvant Versus Early Salvage Radiation Therapy for Men at High Risk for Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Death
Authors: Tilki Derya , Chen Ming-Hui , Wu Jing , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Wiegel Thomas , Böhmer Dirk , Mohamad Osama , Cowan Janet E. , Feng Felix Y. , Carroll Peter R. , Trock Bruce J. , Partin Alan W. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEAdjuvant compared with early salvage radiation therapy (sRT) following radical prostatectomy (RP) has not been shown to reduce progression-free survival in randomized controlled trials. However, these trials might have missed a benefit in men with adverse pathology at RP given that these men were under-represented and immortal time bias might have been present; herein, we investigate this possibility.METHODSWe evaluated the impact of adjuvant versus early sRT on all-cause mortality (ACM) risk in men with adverse pathology defined as positive pelvic lymph nodes (pN1) or pGleason score 8-10 prostate cancer (PC) and disease extending beyond the prostate (pT3/4). We used a treatment propensity score to minimize potential treatment selection bias when estimating the causal effect of adjuvant versus early sRT on ACM risk and a sensitivity analysis to assess the impact that varying definitions of adverse pathology had on ACM risk adjusting for age at RP, PC prognostic factors, site, and the time-dependent use of post-RP androgen deprivation therapy.RESULTSAfter a median follow-up (interquartile range) of 8.16 (6.00-12.10) years, of the 26,118 men in the study cohort, 2,104 (8.06%) died, of which 539 (25.62%) were from PC. After excluding men with a persistent prostate-specific antigen, adjuvant compared with early sRT was associated with a significantly lower ACM risk among men with adverse pathology at RP when men with pN1 PC were excluded (0.33 [0.13-0.85]; P = .02) or included (0.66 [0.44-0.99]; P = .04).CONCLUSIONAdjuvant radiation therapy should be considered in men with pN1 or pGleason score 8 to 10 and pT3/4 PC given the possibility that a significant reduction in ACM risk exists.
Oncology Patients' Perspectives on Remote Patient Monitoring for COVID-19
Authors: Daly Bobby , Lauria Tara S. , Holland Jessie C. , Garcia Jericho , Majeed Jibran , Walters Chasity B. , Zablocki Melissa , Chow Kimberly , Strachna Olga , Giles Caitlin E. , Kelly Meghan F. , Housen Ashley , Canavan Maryanne , Maresca Nina M. , Baser Ray , Salvaggio Rori , Robson Mark E. , Reidy-Lagunes Diane L. 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE: Oncology patients are vulnerable to adverse outcomes associated with COVID-19, and clinical deterioration must be identified early. Several institutions launched remote patient monitoring programs (RPMPs) to care for patients with COVID-19. We describe patients' perspectives on a COVID-19 RPMP at a National Comprehensive Cancer Center. METHODS: Patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were eligible. Enrolled patients received a daily electronic COVID-19 symptom assessment, and a subset of high-risk patients also received a pulse oximeter. Monitoring was provided by a centralized team and was discontinued 14 days after a patient's positive test result and following 3 days without worsening symptoms. Patients who completed at least one assessment and exited the program were sent a patient engagement survey to evaluate the patient's experience with digital monitoring for COVID-19. RESULTS: The survey was distributed to 491 patients, and 257 responded (52% completion rate). The net promoter score was 85%. Most patients agreed that the RPMP was worthwhile, enabled better management of their COVID-19 symptoms, made them feel more connected to their healthcare team, and helped prevent emergency room visits. Identified themes regarding patient-perceived value of a RPMP included (1) security: a clinical safety net; (2) connection: a link to their clinical team during a period of isolation; and (3) empowerment: an education on the virus and symptom management. CONCLUSION: RPMPs are perceived to be of value to oncology patients with COVID-19. Policymakers should consider how these programs can be reimbursed to keep vulnerable patients at home and out of the acute care setting.
The murine cytomegalovirus immunoevasin gp40/m152 inhibits NKG2D receptor RAE-1γ by intracellular retention and cell surface masking
Authors: Lis Natalia , Hein Zeynep , Ghanwat Swapnil S. , Ramnarayan Venkat R. , Chambers Benedict J. , Springer Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
NKG2D (also known as KLRK1) is a crucial natural killer (NK) cell-activating receptor, and the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) employs multiple immunoevasins to avoid NKG2D-mediated activation. One of the MCMV immunoevasins, gp40 (m152), downregulates the cell surface NKG2D ligand RAE-1γ (also known as Raet1c) thus limiting NK cell activation. This study establishes the molecular mechanism by which gp40 retains RAE-1γ in the secretory pathway. Using flow cytometry and pulse-chase analysis, we demonstrate that gp40 retains RAE-1γ in the early secretory pathway, and that this effect depends on the binding of gp40 to a host protein, TMED10, a member of the p24 protein family. We also show that the TMED10-based retention mechanism can be saturated, and that gp40 has a backup mechanism as it masks RAE-1γ on the cell surface, blocking the interaction with the NKG2D receptor and thus NK cell activation.
Temperature effects on the contractile performance and efficiency of oxidative muscle from a eurythermal versus a stenothermal salmonid
Authors: Gamperl A. Kurt , Syme Douglas A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared the thermal sensitivity of oxidative muscle function between the eurythermal Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the more stenothermal Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus; which prefers cooler waters). Power output was measured in red skeletal muscle strips and myocardial trabeculae, and efficiency (net work/energy consumed) was measured for trabeculae, from cold (6°C) and warm (15°C) acclimated fish at temperatures from 2 to 26°C. The mass-specific net power produced by char red muscle was greater than in salmon, by 2-to 5-fold depending on test temperature. Net power first increased, then decreased, when the red muscle of 6°C-acclimated char was exposed to increasing temperature. Acclimation to 15°C significantly impaired mass-specific power in char (by ∼40–50%) from 2 to 15°C, but lessened its relative decrease between 15 and 26°C. In contrast, maximal net power increased, and then plateaued, with increasing temperature in salmon from both acclimation groups. Increasing test temperature resulted in a ∼3- to 5-fold increase in maximal net power produced by ventricular trabeculae in all groups, and this effect was not influenced by acclimation temperature. Nonetheless, lengthening power was higher in trabeculae from warm-acclimated char, and char trabeculae could not contract as fast as those from salmon. Finally, the efficiency of myocardial net work was approximately 2-fold greater in 15°C-acclimated salmon than char (∼15 versus 7%), and highest at 20°C in salmon. This study provides several mechanistic explanations as to their inter-specific difference in upper thermal tolerance, and potentially why southern char populations are being negatively impacted by climate change.
Tropylium Derivatives as New Entrants that Sense Quadruplex Structures
Authors: Hori Daisuke , Yum Ji Hye , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Park Soyoung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) is the most well-known noncanonical conformation of DNA involved in diverse pharmacological and biological contexts. G4 ligands have been actively developed as molecular probes and tumor therapeutic reagent candidates. They have also been used to detect the presence of G4s and identify their biological roles. Currently used ligands are commonly aromatic, planar, and electron deficient for effective interaction with G4s. Recognizing that tropylium cations possess the aforementioned features of effective G4 ligands, we prepared tropylium derivatives to validate their binding affinity with G4s. Titration against various DNA sequences revealed gradual changes in the UV–vis spectra of the tropylium derivatives. A strong hypochromic effect, indicating intercalation or π–π stacking, was observed when c-kit DNA was present in a binding ratio of 2:1 (ligand:DNA). The energetically minimized binding model showed that the G4–ligand complexes were stabilized by electrostatic interactions. Encouraged by the present findings, the application of tropylium derivatives in cellular contexts is underway.
Total Synthesis of Hytramycin V, an Antibiotic Cyclopeptide
Authors: Inaba Tetsuya , Ishizaki Yoshimasa , Igarashi Masayuki , Yoshida Masahito , Kigoshi Hideo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The total synthesis of the piperazic acid-containing antibiotic cyclic peptide, hytramycin V, has been achieved. Unexpected cleavage of the peptide bond was observed during the synthesis of a pentapeptide, we then successfully found that the addition of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (2,6-DTBP) was effective to prevent the cleavage upon acylation with AgCN, leading to a pentapeptide in excellent yield. The synthesis of a hexapeptide, followed by global deprotection of the protecting groups provided a cyclization precursor. Finally, macrolactamization of the precursor using T3P® under high-dilution conditions furnished the desired natural product, hytramycin V. The synthesis of the enantiomer of hytramycin V was also achieved, and no difference between the enantiomers was observed in the evaluation of their antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium strains, revealing the fact that the potency of the activity was not dependent on the chirality of the cyclopeptide backbone.