bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-quality chest CT segmentation to assess the impact of COVID-19 disease
Authors: Bertolini Michele , Brambilla Alma , Dallasta Samanta , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since its initial appearance, creating the need for faster diagnostic methods and tools. Due to the high rate of false-negative RT-PCR tests, the role of chest CT examination has been investigated as an auxiliary procedure. The main goal of this work is to establish a well-defined strategy for 3D segmentation of the airways and lungs of COVID-19 positive patients from CT scans, including detected abnormalities. Their identification and the volumetric quantification could allow an easier classification in terms of gravity, extent and progression of the infection. Moreover, these 3D reconstructions can provide a high-impact tool to enhance awareness of the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods
Segmentation process was performed utilizing a proprietary software, starting from six different stacks of chest CT images of subjects with and without COVID-19. In this context, a comparison between manual and automatic segmentation methods of the respiratory system was conducted, to assess the potential value of both techniques, in terms of time consumption, required anatomical knowledge and branch detection, in healthy and pathological conditions.

Results
High-quality 3D models were obtained. They can be utilized to assess the impact of the pathology, by volumetrically quantifying the extension of the affected areas. Indeed, based on the obtained reconstructions, an attempted classification for each patient in terms of the severity of the COVID-19 infection has been outlined.

Conclusions
Automatic algorithms allowed for a substantial reduction in segmentation time. However, a great effort was required for the manual identification of COVID-19 CT manifestations. The developed automated procedure succeeded in obtaining sufficiently accurate models of the airways and the lungs of both healthy patients and subjects with confirmed COVID-19, in a reasonable time.
Neuroimages: Some Serving Suggestions
Authors: Taylor-Green Benedict Charles 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis art-science interaction evokes two ‘neuroimages’. However, the term ‘neuroimage’ does not refer, as usual, to images that emerge from scientific practices that seek to gain insight into the structural and functional properties of brains. Rather, it is meant that the images considered have as their theme neurotechnologies: specifically, those that concern the control of neuroprostheses, and neuroprostheses themselves. The first neuroimage appears in a biosignal sensing cap catalogue, and the second appears in the science fiction film Blade Runner 2049. While neither neuroimage is actually included in the piece, each is described to the reader before being speculatively analysed, and therefore becomes a ‘mental’ image in the mind’s eye, calling upon the ancient art of ekphrasis.
Realising potentials for arts-based sustainability science
Authors: Heras María , Galafassi Diego , Oteros-Rozas Elisa , Ravera Federica , Berraquero-Díaz Luis , Ruiz-Mallén Isabel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, a profusion of methods, practices, and experiences has emerged in the interface between arts and sustainability science. Drawing from two strong currents within sustainability science, namely, the emphasis on transdisciplinary approaches and the need to move towards societal transformations, such hybrid approaches seemingly contribute with unique methods to sustainability research. Despite repeated claims from sustainability scientists about art’s role in sustainability transformations, joint analyses with artists and practitioners are still rare. We conveyed a collaborative and exploratory workshop with scientists, artists, and practitioners from the fields of education, public engagement, and activism to identify the potentials for arts-based sustainability research. Participants were invited to facilitate and trial various artistic practices from disciplines of performative, literary, narrative, audio-visual and plastic arts. In this paper, we present five key areas identified in the workshop, where arts-based methods can significantly contribute to sustainability research: embracing more-than-cognitive aspects of knowledge, improving communication, grappling with power dynamics, shifting relationships to nature, and facilitating futures visioning. Workshop participants also identified challenges related to power dynamics, tensions across paradigms, and implementation conditions, providing insights into how to leverage arts’ potential to respond to global environmental challenges while boosting societal transformations. We then discuss research questions identified that address challenges and limitations for arts-based research in sustainability. Overall, these results suggest there are yet untapped resources and experiences within the field of arts-based sustainability science. (Audio-visual abstract available on S1)
Assessing unmet needs in advanced cancer patients: a systematic review of the development, content, and quality of available instruments
Authors: Rimmer Ben , Crowe Lisa , Todd Adam , Sharp Linda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Advances in treatment, including biological and precision therapies, mean that more people are living with advanced cancer. Supportive care needs likely change across the cancer journey. We systematically identified instruments available to assess unmet needs of advanced cancer patients and evaluated their development, content, and quality.

Methods
Systematic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO were performed from inception to 11 January 2021. Independent reviewers screened for eligibility. Data was abstracted on instrument characteristics, development, and content. Quality appraisal included methodological and quality assessment, GRADE, feasibility, and interpretability, following consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) guidelines.

Results
Thirty studies reporting 24 instruments were identified. These were developed for general palliative patients (n = 2 instruments), advanced cancer (n = 8), and cancer irrespective of stage (n = 14). None focused on patients using biological or precision therapies. The most common item generation and reduction techniques were amending an existing instrument (n = 11 instruments) and factor analysis (n = 8), respectively. All instruments mapped to ≥ 5 of 11 unmet need dimensions, with Problems and Needs in Palliative Care (PNPC) and Psychosocial Needs Inventory (PNI) covering all 11. No instrument reported all of the COSMIN measurement properties, and methodological quality was variable.

Conclusions
Many instruments are available to assess unmet needs in advanced cancer. There is extensive heterogeneity in their development, content, and quality.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Given the growth of precision and biological therapies, research needs to explore how these instruments perform in capturing the needs of people using such therapies.
Zur Identität von Mathematiklernenden im schülerzentrierten Unterricht
Authors: Güç Anne , Kollosche David 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIdentität von Mathematiklernenden beschreibt das Sprechen und Denken über das Selbst in Bezug zur Mathematik und kann das Mathematiklernen von Schülern und Schülerinnen und ihre Beziehung zum Fach maßgeblich beeinflussen. Frühere Studien zeigten für lehrerzentrierten Mathematikunterricht, dass die dem Mathematiklernen zugeschriebene Relevanz einen verkürzten und widersprüchlichen Diskurs darstellt, dass Lehrererklärungen Möglichkeiten des Verstehens monopolisieren und dass oft kaum Möglichkeiten gesehen werden, seine Persönlichkeit im Unterricht einzubringen. Diese Barrieren stehen einer Teilhabe am Mathematikunterricht für viele Schüler und Schülerinnen im Weg. Andere Studien wiesen jedoch daraufhin, dass schülerzentrierter Mathematikunterricht diese Hürden abbauen kann. In der hier berichteten Interviewstudie wurden Schüler und Schülerinnen aus zwei schülerzentriert unterrichteten Klassen der Sekundarstufe befragt, von der eine nach einem Freiarbeitskonzept arbeitete. Die Ergebnisse wurden entlang des poststrukturalistischen Konzepts der Identitätsarbeit ausgewertet. Zum einen zeigte sich selbst für die schülerzentriert unterrichteten Klassen ein verkürzter Relevanzdiskurs, der jedoch durch geeignete Nachfragen aufgebrochen werden konnte. Zum anderen bestätigten sich bezüglich der Rolle der Lehrererklärungen und der Persönlichkeitseinbringungen Vorteile für die Identitätsarbeit im schülerzentrierten Mathematikunterricht.
Pastoral Ministry in Unsettled Times: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Clergy during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Johnston Erin F. , Eagle David E. , Headley Jennifer , Holleman Anna 
Published: August 2021

Background COVID-19 and its associated restrictions around in-person gatherings have created unprecedented challenges for religious congregations and those who lead them. While several surveys have attempted to describe how pastors and congregations responded to COVID-19, these provide a relatively thin picture of how COVID-19 is impacting religious life. There is scant qualitative data describing the lived reality of religious leaders and communities during the pandemic. Purpose and methods This paper provides a more detailed look at how pastors and congregations experienced and responded to COVID-19 and its associated restrictions in the early period of the pandemic. To do so, we draw from 26 in-depth interviews with church-appointed United Methodist pastors conducted between June and August 2020. Pastors were asked to describe how their ministry changed as a result of COVID-19 and interviews were analyzed using applied thematic analysis approaches to identify the most common emergent themes. Results Pastors reported that COVID-19 fundamentally unsettled routine ways of doing ministry. This disruption generated both challenges and opportunities for clergy and their congregations. In the findings, we describe how clergy responded in key areas of ministry–worship and pastoral care–and analyze how the pandemic is (re)shaping the way that clergy understood their role as pastors and envisioned the future of the Church. We argue for the value of examining the pandemic as an “unsettled” cultural period (Swidler 1986) in which religious leaders found creative ways to (re)do ministry in the context of social distancing. Rather than starting from scratch, we found that pastors drew from and modified existing symbolic and practical tools to fit pandemic-related constraints on religious life. Notably, however, we found that “redoing” ministry was easier and more effective in some areas (worship) than others (pastoral care). Conclusions and Implications The impact of COVID-19 on pastors and congregations is complex and not fully captured by survey research. This study provides a baseline for investigating similarities and differences in the responses of pastors within and across denominations and traditions. It also provides a baseline for assessing whether changes in ministry implemented during the early stages of the pandemic remain in place in the post-COVID world.
Dignity Discourses in Struggles for Basic Legal Freedoms in China
Authors: Halliday Terence C. , Liu Sida 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow do dignity discourses shift the framing of struggles for basic legal freedoms? Based on our decade-long empirical research on lawyers and politics in China, we provide a theoretical intervention in a burgeoning socio-legal scholarship on dignity in this article. Drawing inductively from in-depth interviews, we find that a powerful current of dignity consciousness and sentiment, joined by an acute awareness of dignity harms, flows through the community of Chinese activist lawyers. Their dignity discourses can be witnessed and explained in four streams of awareness: (1) dignity experienced as an ideal in juridical, philosophical, and theological idioms; (2) dignity takings experienced indirectly and directly in the property takings of clients’ homes, farms, and livelihood; (3) assaults on dignity through property takings of spaces of religious worship; and (4) the takings of professional dignity from the lawyers charged with defending the dignity of others. This article points to the value of dignity framings in the general theory of collective action for basic legal freedoms.
The International Criminal Court and Sexual Violence: Between Aspirations and Reality
Authors: Altunjan Tanja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was widely lauded as a success with regard to the recognition and potential prosecution of conflict-related sexual violence. More than twenty years later, however, many observers are disillusioned with the ICC’s dire track record concerning the implementation of its progressive legal framework. In many cases, the Court and particularly its Prosecutor have been criticized for failing to adequately address and prioritize sexual violence, culminating in only a single final conviction since 2002. Nevertheless, the ICC’s emerging practice shows progress with regard to the conceptual understanding of conflict-related sexual violence and the realization of the Statute’s full potential in ensuring accountability for sexual crimes. Taking into account the evolving jurisprudence, the Article explores the persisting challenges and the perceived gap between aspirations and reality regarding the prosecution of sexual violence at the ICC.
Carepath for overcoming psychosis early (COPE): first 5 years of clinical operation and prospective research in the Cavan–Monaghan early intervention service
Authors: Fayyaz S. , Nkire N. , Nwosu B. , Amjad N. , Kinsella A. , Gill M. , McDonough C. , Russell V. , Waddington J. L. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:As Ireland confronts the many challenges of broadening the introduction of early intervention services (EIS) for first episode psychosis (FEP) as national policy, this article describes Carepath for Overcoming Psychosis Early (COPE), the EIS of Cavan–Monaghan Mental Health Service, and presents prospective research findings during its first 5 years of operation.Methods:COPE was launched as a rural EIS with an embedded research protocol in early 2012, following an education programme for general practitioners (GPs). Here, operational activities are documented and research findings presented through to late 2016.Results:During this period, 115 instances of FEP were incepted into COPE, 70.4% via their GP and 29.6% via the Emergency Department. The annual rate of inception was 24.8/100,000 of population aged > 15 years and was 2.1-fold more common among men than women. Mean duration of untreated psychosis was 5.7 months and median time from first psychotic presentation to initiation of antipsychotic treatment was zero days. Assessments of psychopathology, neuropsychology, neurology, premorbid functioning, quality of life, insight, and functionality compared across 10 DSM-IV psychotic diagnoses made at six months following presentation indicated minimal differences between them, other than more prominent negative symptoms in schizophrenia and more prominent mania in bipolar disorder.Conclusions:COPE illustrates the actuality of introducing and the challenges of operating a rural EIS for FEP. Prospective follow-up studies of the 5-year COPE cohort should inform on the effectiveness of this EIS model in relation to long-term outcome in psychotic illness across what appear to be arbitrary diagnostic boundaries at FEP.
Limnological changes and chironomid-inferred summer air temperature from the Late Pleniglacial to the Early Holocene in the East Carpathians
Authors: Tóth Mónika , Heiri Oliver , Vincze Ildikó , Braun Mihály , Szabó Zoltán , Magyari Enikő K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere we provide the first chironomid record and associated summer air-temperature (TVII) reconstruction between ca. 16,800–9100 cal yr BP from Lake Saint Anne (SZA), situated in the Eastern Carpathians. SZA was formed by the youngest volcanic eruption of Ciomadul volcano at ca. 29,600 cal yr BP. Our main goals in this study are to test whether warming after Heinrich event 1 (H1; ca. 16,200 cal yr BP) had similar amplitude to the late glacial warming, while Younger Dryas (YD) summers remained relatively warm in this region of Europe. We found the most remarkable chironomid assemblage change with a TVIIincrease of ~3.5–3.8°C at ca. 16,350 cal yr BP at SZA, followed by another slight TVIIincrease of ~0.8–1.0°C at ca. 14,450 cal yr BP. Only very minor temperature variations were recorded between 14,450 cal yr BP and 11,700 cal yr BP, with an unexpected TVIIdecrease in the Early Holocene. Variations in water depth together with increasing analogue problems and paludification from ca. 14,200 cal yr BP onwards may have influenced the reliability of our paleotemperature record obtained from SZA. In addition,Sphagnum-indicated decreasing pH, and hence decreasing nutrient level, likely overrode the effect of summer air-temperature changes during the Early Holocene, and this may explain the bias in the chironomid-inferred summer air-temperature reconstruction in the Early Holocene section.
A UNIQUE PERFECT POWER DECAGONAL NUMBER
Authors: MICHAUD-RODGERS PHILIPPE 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLet
$\mathcal {P}_s(n)$
denote the nth s-gonal number. We consider the equation
$$ \begin{align*}\mathcal{P}_s(n) = y^m \end{align*} $$
for integers
$n,s,y$
and m. All solutions to this equation are known for
$m>2$
and
$s \in \{3,5,6,8,20 \}$
. We consider the case
$s=10$
, that of decagonal numbers. Using a descent argument and the modular method, we prove that the only decagonal number greater than 1 expressible as a perfect mth power with
$m>1$
is
$\mathcal {P}_{10}(3) = 3^3$
.
Superficial parotidectomy for chronic parotid sialadenitis: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Goomany A , Sood S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo report the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic parotid sialadenitis treated with superficial parotidectomy, and to review the literature.MethodsA retrospective case series was conducted of all patients undergoing parotidectomy for chronic parotid sialadenitis at our institution between 2009 and 2018.ResultsEighteen superficial parotidectomies were performed, resulting in complete symptom resolution in 17 patients. There was only one recurrence, of a milder form of the disease, requiring no specific treatment. Eight temporary post-operative facial nerve palsies and one permanent palsy occurred. Further complications included post-operative wound haematoma, seroma, Frey's syndrome, neuropathic pain and wound infection.ConclusionSuperficial parotidectomy is sufficient to control patient symptoms, avoiding the increased morbidity associated with near-total parotidectomy. The literature does not point to a clear difference in either the incidence of recurrence or the risk of a facial nerve palsy between the two procedures. Furthermore, the symptoms attributed to recurrence are often not severe enough to warrant salvage near-total parotidectomy.
Quality of economic evaluations of drug-coated balloons and drug-eluting stents in peripheral artery disease: a systematic review
Authors: Etangsale Aurélie , Nunno Leonarda , Pineau Judith , Prognon Patrice , Martelli Nicolas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to perform a systematic review of economic evaluations of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) and drug-eluting stents (DESs) in peripheral artery disease (PAD) and to assess the level of evidence of relevant studies. The purpose was not to present economic findings.

Methods
A systematic review was performed using four electronic databases to identify health economic evaluation studies reporting on the use of DCBs and DESs in PAD. The methodological and reporting quality of the studies was assessed using three different tools, the Drummond, Cooper, and CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) checklists.

Results
Six articles were included in this review of the 1,728 publications identified. Four studies were cost-effectiveness analyses and two cost–utility analyses. According to the Cooper hierarchy scale, the studies used good-quality data sources. The level of evidence used for clinical effect sizes, safety data, baseline clinical data, and costs was of high quality in general. In contrast, an evaluation of the reporting quality suggested that essential information was lacking.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates that clinical data used in economic evaluations of DCBs and DESs in PAD are from clinical studies of high quality in general. However, the quality of reporting represents a concern when interpreting the results provided by these economic studies.
L2 PROCESSING OF LINGUISTIC AND NONLINGUISTIC INFORMATION
Authors: Ahn Hyunah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how linguistic and nonlinguistic information interacts in second language (L2) sentence processing. Previous studies argued that L2 behaviors might stem from how L2 speakers rely more on one type of information over another. However, direct attempts have not been made to test the (dis)agreement of different information types. To fill this gap, the present study explored the integration of definiteness and real-world knowledge. Experiment 1 showed that both first language (L1) speakers (n = 34) and advanced L2 speakers (n = 49) could use definiteness to predict unmentioned referents, but intermediate L2 speakers could not (n = 35). After confirming that L1 and L2 speakers shared the same real-world knowledge, Experiment 2 (n (L1) = 36, n (L2) = 43) showed that the two groups’ behaviors differed when linguistic and nonlinguistic information had to be processed simultaneously. The findings suggest that L2 speakers can process linguistic information in a targetlike manner only in the absence of usable nonlinguistic information.
Split possession and definiteness marking in American Norwegian
Authors: Kinn Kari 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article discusses definiteness marking in two possessive constructions that exhibit special patterns (split possession) for certain kinship nouns in Norwegian. It is shown that the special patterns, whereby the relevant nouns appear without a definite suffix, are retained by the majority speakers of American Norwegian (AmNo); some AmNo speakers use them even more extensively than homeland speakers, and only a minority do not use them. The forms without the suffix are analysed as a reflex of apossfeature that is a part of the featural make-up of certain kinship nouns (Julien 2005). I argue that the most conspicuous differences in distribution of this feature in the homeland vs. the heritage variety have emerged through a combination of decline in homeland Norwegian and retention and even extension in AmNo. The development in AmNo seems to be systematic and principled; it does not involve “loss” or incompleteness (e.g., Yager et al. 2015; Kupisch & Rothman 2016; Bayram et al. 2019).