bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers and subtle cognitive decline in a population-based cohort without dementia
Authors: Weinstein Andrea M , Fang Fang , Chang Chung-Chou H , Cohen Ann , Lopresti Brian J , Laymon Charles M , Nadkarni Neelesh K , Aizenstein Howard J , Villemagne Victor L , Ilyas Kamboh M , Elizabeth Shaaban C , Gogniat Marissa A , Wu Minjie , Karikari Thomas K , Ganguli Mary , Snitz Beth E 
Published: December 2024

Background The relationship between subtle cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as measured by biomarkers in settings outside of specialty memory clinics is not well characterized. Objective To investigate how subtle longitudinal cognitive decline relates to neuroimaging biomarkers in individuals drawn from a population-based study in an economically depressed, small-town area in southwestern Pennsylvania, USA. Methods A subset of participants without dementia (N = 115, age 76.53 years ± 6.25) from the Monongahela Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (MYHAT) study completed neuroimaging including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of AD-signature region cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography (PET) for amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and [18F]AV-1451-PET for tau deposition. Neuropsychological evaluations were completed at multiple timepoints up to 11 years prior to neuroimaging. Aβ positivity was determined using a regional approach. We used linear mixed models to examine neuroimaging biomarker associations with retrospective cognitive slopes in five domains and a global cognitive composite. Results Among Aβ(+) participants (38%), there were associations between (i) tau Braak III/IV and language decline (p < 0.05), (ii) cortical thickness and both memory decline (p < 0.001) and global cognitive decline (p < 0.01), and (iii) WMH and decline in executive function (p < 0.05) and global cognition (p < 0.05). Among Aβ(-) participants, there was an association between tau Braak III/IV and decline on tests of attention/psychomotor speed (p < 0.05). Conclusions These findings confirm an Aβ-dependent early AD biomarker pathway, and suggest a possible Aβ-independent, non-AD process underlying subtle cognitive decline in a population-based sample of older adults without dementia.
Additional mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure underdosed with guideline-directed medication
Authors: Abe Takuro , Shirotani Shota , Takada Takuma , Yoshida Ayano , Hasegawa Shun , Kishihara Makoto , Fukushima Noritoshi , Saito Katsumi , Yamaguchi Junichi , Jujo Kentaro 
Published: December 2024

Objective Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and beta-blockers decrease cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) as the dose increases. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) can also minimize CV mortality. This study aimed to investigate the potential of early administration of additional MRA to insufficient doses of RAASi and beta-blockers. Methods Among 609 hospitalized patients with HFrEF, we analyzed 401 patients who received either or both <50% target dose of RAASi and beta-blockers at discharge. They were divided into two groups based on the prescription of MRA: MRA (n = 287) and non-MRA (n = 114). We performed propensity score (PS) matching using diverse parameters at discharge.CV death was the primary endpoint. Results Among 401 unmatched patients with HFrEF, Kaplan–Meier analysis for the unmatched population did not show a statistical difference between the MRA and non-MRA groups (log-rank, p = 0.34). However, in the 160 PS-matched population, patients in the MRA group had a significantly lower CV mortality rate than those in the non-MRA group (hazard ratio: 0.29 [95% confidence interval: 0.10–0.79]). Conclusions Early administration of additional MRA in patients with HFrEF, even those who received insufficient target doses of RAASi and beta-blockers, may be a therapeutic option.
INWORKS and Hiroshima/Nagasaki Leukaemia Results
Authors: Chaplin Ken Robert 
Published: December 2024

The Hiroshima/Nagasaki (H/N) studies by the Radiation Effect Research Foundation have not shown increased leukaemia for acute doses below 200 milli-gray (mGy). By contrast the INWORKS study of leukaemia in workers stated: “This study provides strong evidence of positive associations between protracted low-dose radiation exposure and leukemia”. The INWORKS study also claimed increased leukaemia, not including Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, at cumulative occupational doses of less than 100 mGy. This is contrary to the expectation that the H/N studies would show more severe effects than the worker study because the doses were acute instead of chronic and because the H/N studies included children who had higher rates of radiation induced leukaemia than adults. This paper shows that the INWORKS leukaemia study is consistent with the H/N studies in showing no increase in leukaemia in the low-dose range. In addition, any increase in leukaemia is confined to Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia, possibly from high radiation dose-rates or chemicals.
What’s new in the pediatric spine?
Authors: Ilharreborde Brice , Helenius Ilkka , Studer Daniel , Hasler Carol , Kruyt Moyo , Mineiro Jorge , Ovadia Dror , Farrington David , Pesenti Sebastien , Yazici Muharrem ,   EPOS Spine Study Group
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The field of pediatric spine surgery has encountered major changes and evolutions lately, with new treatment options available and the development of enabling technologies. This article aims to summarize the most relevant recent literature. Materials and methods: The five most relevant topics were selected and assigned to one or two authors who performed a comprehensive Pubmed database search for articles published in the last 4 years (2021–2024). Only studies with a high level of evidence or clinical relevance were reported. Results: Thirty-nine articles were selected and analyzed, covering the following subjects: treatment options in tweeners, the impact of new medical treatments in pediatric spine practice, the emergence of new surgical techniques, the development of enabling technologies in scoliosis surgery, and recent relevant randomized controlled trials. Discussion: Many new surgical concepts and techniques have been developed lately, but their results need to be further assessed on specific subgroups of patients. Numerous significant medical improvements have been reported in the last 5 years, affecting positively the management of syndromic and neuromuscular patients.
Fast weighted least squares for detail and tone enhancement of medical images
Authors: Bian Wenyan , Dong Wenzheng , Zheng Qiang , Gu Qian , Bian Shihui , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2024

Background The limitations in current medical imaging systems often result in poor visibility and insufficient detail. Such low-quality images hinder the decision-making of medical professionals. The weighted least squares (WLS) model provides a prevalent framework for detail and tone manipulation, but it is non-trivial to solve. Method We propose a fast solution to the WLS model. Instead of addressing a large linear system or approximating two-dimensional image processing with multiple one-dimensional procedures, we demonstrate that the model can be solved efficiently using an iterative algorithm. We leverage our method for the detail and tone enhancement of medical images. Results (1) For detail enhancement, on the three subsets of X-ray images, the spatial-spectral entropy-based quality (SSEQ) values are 21.15, 29.46, and 31.36; the convolutional neural networks image quality assessment (CIQA) values are 17.67, 25.60, and 26.01; on the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging images, the SSEQ and CIQA values are 14.01 and 16.93; it achieves peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) ≥39.39 and structural similarity index (SSIM) ≥0.99; (2) for tone enhancement, the tone mapped image quality index, fidelity, and naturalness values are recorded at 0.7905, 0.9300, and 0.0090; it achieves PSNR ≥50.09 and SSIM ≥0.99. Notably, our method processes a 720P color image in 0.0725 seconds on a modern graphics processing unit. Conclusion The proposed method enhances the detail and tone of medical images. It addresses computational challenges inherent in traditional approaches. Its adaptability to diverse applications suggests a promising avenue for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in clinical practice.
Healthcare Mistreatment is Associated With Psychological Distress, Suicidality, and Substance Use Among Transgender and Nonbinary Emerging Adults
Authors: Bosse Jordon D. , Kantor Lane Z. , Wang Yu-Chi , Korkodilos R. , Reisner Sari L. , Ehrensaft Diane , Herman Jody L. , Katz-Wise Sabra L. 
Published: December 2024

Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) emerging adults in the United States experience mistreatment inside and outside healthcare settings, which may contribute to known mental health and substance use inequities. The purpose of our study was to examine associations between provider and healthcare setting mistreatment with past 30-day severe psychological distress, illicit substance use, binge drinking, and past year suicidal ideation among TNB emerging adults (18–25 years; N = 10,203) who sought healthcare in the previous year. In sociodemographic-adjusted, multivariate, logistic regression models, all mistreatment types were associated with worse mental health and illicit substance use. Structural interventions to improve interdisciplinary healthcare providers’ attitudes and knowledge, combined with inclusive healthcare policies are needed to ensure TNB emerging adults are treated with respect and dignity.
Rehabilitation technology in assessment and treatment of arm and hand function in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A single subject experimental design study
Authors: Fossmo Hanne Ludt , Ørstavik Kristin , Gurandsrud Aagot , Frich Jan C , Robinson Hilde Stendal 
Published: December 2024

Background: Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a slowly progressive hereditary neuromuscular disorder affecting several organ systems including the musculoskeletal system. Objective: To examine the effects of rehabilitation technology on arm and hand function in the assessment and treatment of adults with DM1 with moderate to severe muscle impairment. Methods: A single subject experimental design study (SSED) with 6 participants. The assessments were done weekly through remote study assessments using the video-conference system Whereby®. Participants performed the nine-hole peg test (NHPT), active range of motion (AROM) of the shoulder and patient reported outcome measures (PROMS). Three participants also measured grip and pinch strength and performed the Nut and Bolt task. The intervention was a three-week in-patient rehabilitation stay with the use of rehabilitation technology for exercising arm and hand function. Exercises were performed in AMADEO and the ArmeoSenso. The participants exercised the upper extremities for 30 min 5 times a week. Results: Improvement on the NHPT test on the dominant hand were found for five of the six participants. Three of six improved on the non-dominant hand and in AROM. Two of the three participants that measured pinch and grip strength improved, and all three improved on the Nut and Bolt task. Self- reported function, myotonia and fatigue remained stable. All participants were able to participate in video assessments. Conclusions: Impairment in arm- and hand function affects independence in people with DM1.Our findings suggest that exercising arm- and hand using rehabilitation technology may have a positive effect on function measured by dexterity, strength, and movement in DM1. There is a need to study the effect of exercise on arm- and hand function in DM1 in larger studies. The use of video-consultations can be a supplement in assessment of people with neuromuscular conditions in research and clinical practise.
Factors Associated With Supraspinatus Atrophy in Patients 50 Years and Older With Atraumatic Shoulder Pain
Authors: K.S. Meghashyama , Ulhaque Furquan , Desai Mohan Madhav 
Published: December 2024

Background: Atrophy and fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus (SS) muscle are prognostic indicators of poor functional outcomes and higher retear rates after rotator cuff repair. While older patients, female patients, and those with massive and retracted rotator cuff tears are at a higher risk for these indicators, it is unclear whether tear characteristics, acromion morphology, and acromioclavicular (AC) joint arthritis affect SS atrophy in older patients with chronic shoulder pain. Purpose: To investigate the multifactorial influences associated with SS atrophy in rotator cuff tears. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A review was conducted on 391 patients with atraumatic shoulder pain (mean age, 60.88 ± 8 years; range, 50-93 years; 200 men and 191 women) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging between May 2019 and April 2020. SS atrophy was calculated using the occupation ratio. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of SS atrophy with patient age and sex, rotator cuff tear type (partial- vs full-thickness), anteroposterior (AP) tear size, AC and glenohumeral (GH) joint arthritis, and acromion shape. A subgroup analysis was performed in patients without tears to investigate whether SS atrophy and fatty infiltration were independent phenomena. Results: Overall, 91 patients had full-thickness tears without retraction, 131 had partial-thickness tears, and 169 had no tears. The prevalence of SS atrophy was associated with patient age and was more prevalent in women (67.6%), full-thickness tears (91.1%), an AP tear size of >15 mm (92.6%), and GH joint arthritis (100%) ( P < .001 for all). The severity of atrophy (indicated by a decrease in the occupation ratio) increased with older age. In the patients without tears, SS atrophy prevalence was 33.1%. Logistic regression analysis showed significant independent associations of SS atrophy with age ( P < .001), female sex ( P < .001), nonretracted full-thickness tears ( P < .001), an AP tear size of >15 mm ( P < .001), and hook-shaped acromion ( P = .007). A subgroup analysis of the nontear group revealed a significant association of SS atrophy with fatty infiltration ( P < .001). Conclusion: This study identified significant associations between SS atrophy and older age, female sex, full-thickness tear without retraction, an AP tear size of >15 mm, and hook-shaped acromion. Notably, partial-thickness tears were not significantly associated with SS atrophy.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice in Neonatal Resuscitation among Birth Asphyxiated Newborns in a Developing Country
Authors: Owusu Lydia Boampong , Issifu Joseph Shahadu , Owiredu Emmanuel Odame , Addai-Henne Sandra , Aniewu Stella Kofie , Manu Joyce Boatemaa , Ntiamoah Perpetual , Dwumfour Catherine Kroamah , Emikpe Abigael , Zakaria Abdul-Fatawu Suglo 
Published: December 2024

Introduction The World Health Organization emphasizes that neonatal resuscitation performed in the first “golden minute” following birth can influence both immediate and long-term outcomes of newborns, especially asphyxiated ones. The modes of resuscitation, which is an evidenced-based practice, require evaluation to identify their effectiveness. Objectives This study evaluated neonatal resuscitation techniques and their effectiveness in the management of asphyxiated neonates during the perinatal period. Design Cross-sectional design with observation of delivery and immediate care of 254 newborns in five hospitals from April to June 2022. Methods Neonatal resuscitation and demographic characteristics were noted. Data were analyzed descriptively using STATA 17 and Cramer’s V test of association between APGAR scores and resuscitation modes was done with statistical significance established at p ≤ .05. Results Neonatal resuscitation was primarily performed by midwives (98.4%), with 48.8% of the infants resuscitated after birth. The most common modalities of resuscitation were drying, keeping warm, rubbing the back, and flicking the feet, with 46.0% started on bag and mask ventilation. The success rate of resuscitation was impressive (58.1%), satisfactory (38.7%), and poor (3.2%). There was a strong association of the first minute APGAR score with drying the neonate ( p = .0001, φc = 0.619), keeping the neonate warm, and rubbing the back of the neonate ( p = .0001, φc = 0.613). However, their association with the fifth minute APGAR score was weak ( p = .002, φc = 0.222). Feet flicking has no significant association with the fifth minute APGAR score. Conclusion Neonatal resuscitation, which is an evidence-based practice, is more effective in the first minute than in the fifth minute. Regular training of midwives to update their resuscitation skills is important to promote timely and efficient resuscitation of newborns. Further studies into the advancements in resuscitation modes and the use of technology to improve resuscitation beyond the first minute are recommended.
Experiences and Motivations Regarding The Roles in the Medical Student's Association at an Undergraduate Medical School in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Raihan , Kashir Junaid , Yasin Randa Khalid , Jijakli Leen Darwish , Obeidat Akef , Howden Stella 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES This qualitative study aimed to explore student perspectives toward extracurricular activities and motivating and/or demotivating factors of students for involvement with medical student association (MSA) at Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS Qualitative analysis of focus group interviews was employed. Inclusion criteria required participants to be College of Medicine students in years 1-5 of undergraduate study and have been a member of the MSA for at least a year or more. A total of four focus group interviews were conducted with four to six participants in each interview. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, following which an inductive thematic framework analysis was employed for data analyses. Similar ideas and concepts were grouped using codes, and themes were developed. RESULTS The first theme identified was motivating factors of students for joining the MSA, which included improvement of self-esteem and résumé, to avoid burnout, social experiences, to overcome shyness, to adjust to the university environment, and to increase research opportunities. The second theme revealed were the skills gained including problem-solving, conflict resolution and communication skills, organizational planning and management skills, and peer mentorship. The third theme identified were the various demerits of being involved with the MSA, including a lack of commitment from other students, lack of recognition, and for some, adverse effects on academic activities. CONCLUSION We conclude that the MSA appears to provide a positive opportunity to medical students to be part of various activities, creating a conducive environment for supporting overall well-being and potentially supporting adjusting to the university environment and facilitating the acquisition of various skills.
Reversal of epigenetic age and body composition improvement in consumers of resveratrol-enriched wine
Authors: Pastor Raúl Francisco , Iermoli Roberto Héctor , Saporito-Magriña Christian Martín , Pastor Isabel , Pastor Elena , Manfredi Carabetti Zulma , Iermoli Laura Valeria , Lairion Fabiana , Chiesa Iris , Martinez Sarrasague Margarita , Cimato Alejandra , Rodriguez Aldana , Taborda Claudia , Carbia Claudio , Bavasso Carlos Amadeo , Auzmendi Jerónimo , Lazarowski Alberto , Repetto Marisa Gabriela 
Published: December 2024

Biological aging (BA) is a universal process involving vital function deterioration. One of the root causes of BA is epigenetic DNA hypermethylation. Epigenetic age (EA) is defined as the most important risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases, so its modulation is an exciting emerging field of science. Although there are numerous investigations on the mechanisms of aging, today there are few studies that measure EA in humans after an intervention. The objective of this research study was to evaluate EA and body composition after the consumption of wine enriched with Resveratrol. The results showed a decrease in EA ( p 0.011) and a deceleration in epigenetic age acceleration ( p 0.006) after three and a half months. Also, we were able to confirm significant improvements in body composition with a 1.6 kg decrease in fat mass, ( p 0.0004); and an increase in muscle mass of 300 g ( p 0.019). To our knowledge, this is the first time a highly significant EA reduction has been demonstrated in consumers of resveratrol-enriched wine combined with healthy remodeling of body composition. These findings might be relevant to maintain health, increase life expectancy, and prevent the damage caused by aging. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05981053).
3D Morphology of the 1-5 TMT Joints: A Surface Mapping Based Cadaveric Study
Authors: Wipf Caleb , Zhu Mingjie , Barg Taylor , Nolte Charles , Oudakker Jessica , Orr Caley M. , Li Shuyuan , Myerson Mark 
Published: December 2024

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the midfoot and medial column. Disorders of these joints are associated with hallux valgus, hallux rigidus, flatfoot, Lisfranc injury and arthritis. It has been demonstrated that there is a high variability in the morphology of the joint which may influence joint stability thereby leading to or aggravating certain deformities. Understanding the morphology of the articular surfaces comprising the joint is necessary. While prior studies have used XR and CT to analyze the joint, we present our work using 3D surface mapping to evaluate the cartilaginous articulation of the TMT and their related intraarticular joints. Methods: 19 fresh-frozen cadaveric feet with no history of trauma, surgery or deformities were dissected to expose the cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsal (MT) bones, and related articular surfaces. Surface mapping of the bones and articular surfaces was completed using an Artec Spider 3D Scanner (Figure 1). Further digital analysis was completed using GeoMagic Studio 10. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed using SAS software. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis and statistical significance level was set to P < .05. Results: Means and SDs of the articular surface and the bone length are summarized for the TMT joints (Table 1) and the related intraarticular joints (Table 2). There were statistically significant correlations between the articular-area and the length of the bone in each TMT joint, except for the cuboid (Figure 2). 1 mm bone length increase was correlated with 11.48 mm2 articular-area increase on MeC; and 10.33 mm2 articular-area increase on 1st MT. There were three types of morphologies of the 1st TMT joint (Type 1, with 2 facets linked to each other; Type 2, with 2 facets separated; Type 3, 1 large dorsal facet and two separate smaller facets inferiorly). The facet pattern is more obvious on the 1st MT than the MeC side. Conclusion: Previous studies of the TMT morphology were done using either direct manual measurements with descriptive reporting which does not reflect the exact contour of the joint, or XR/WBCT which cannot demonstrate the cartilaginous articulation. This study used a novel technique of surface mapping which overcame the above issues. The remodeled cartilaginous articular surfaces provide foundations for further comparison study, as well as integration of 3D surface mapping with weight-bearing CT analysis, which is currently under investigation by our research group. This will provide important information for diagnosis, surgical planning, and follow-up treatment for relevant disorders.