bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effet des classes et des écoles sur les performances en mathématiques des élèves de 4e année du primaire de la Province orientale en République démocratique du Congo
Authors: Mokonzi Gratien Bambanota , Van Damme Jan , De Fraine Bieke , Asobee Gboisso Oscar , Legono Bela Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2021

Cette étude examine l’impact des classes et des écoles sur les performances en mathématiques des élèves de 4e année du primaire dans deux villes de la République démocratique du Congo en recourant à l’analyse multiniveau. Elle révèle que 71 %, 16 % et 13 % de la variance totale se situent respectivement aux niveaux élève, classe et école. L’étude montre en outre qu’au-delà de l’effet des caractéristiques individuelles, les caractéristiques de la classe expliquent 2,9 % (niveau classe) et 3,4 % (niveau école) de la variance totale. Cependant, seules la moyenne de la classe au prétest et la taille de classe sont significativement associées aux performances des élèves. L’étude montre enfin que si les caractéristiques de l’école expliquent 1,5 % de la variance totale située au niveau de l’école, l’expérience du directeur est le seul prédicteur significatif des performances des élèves.
Enseignement du français aux personnes adultes immigrantes en apprentissage de la langue et de la littératie : mieux comprendre pour encore mieux intervenir
Authors: Fortier Véronique , Beaulieu Suzie , Amireault Valérie 
Published: May 2021

La présence grandissante, au Québec, de personnes adultes immigrantes faisant face au double défi de l’apprentissage du français et de la littératie a forcé les milieux politiques, d’enseignement et de recherche à s’intéresser davantage à ces apprenant.e.s afin de leur offrir des services répondant le mieux à leurs besoins. Ainsi, afin de favoriser une meilleure connaissance de cette population présente dans les quatre coins de la province, nous proposons d’abord, dans cet article, un bref survol de la situation démographique et de l’offre scolaire au Québec. Nous ferons ensuite ressortir certaines caractéristiques, partagées par plusieurs de ces apprenant.e.s, qui permettent de mieux comprendre leur riche bagage linguistique et culturel ainsi que la manière dont ce bagage peut influencer leurs apprentissages. Nous offrons enfin des pistes pédagogiques adaptées à ces caractéristiques, et ce, dans l’objectif de créer des occasions d’apprentissage pouvant facilement être mises en oeuvre avec des apprenant.e.s peu familier.ère.s avec les attentes scolaires de leur nouveau milieu d’accueil.
The Beauty of Chemistry
Authors: Ball Philip 
Published: May 2021

Images and text capture the astonishing beauty of the chemical processes that create snowflakes, bubbles, flames, and other wonders of nature.
Chemistry is not just about microscopic atoms doing inscrutable things; it is the process that makes flowers and galaxies. We rely on it for bread-baking, vegetable-growing, and producing the materials of daily life. In stunning images and illuminating text, this book captures chemistry as it unfolds. Using such techniques as microphotography, time-lapse photography, and infrared thermal imaging, The Beauty of Chemistry shows us how chemistry underpins the formation of snowflakes, the science of champagne, the colors of flowers, and other wonders of nature and technology. We see the marvelous configurations of chemical gardens; the amazing transformations of evaporation, distillation, and precipitation; heat made visible; and more.
The visuals in The Beauty of Chemistry are drawn from the online exhibition Envisioning Chemistry created by Wenting Zhu and Yan Liang in collaboration with the Chinese Chemical Society. These striking images are accompanied by accessible, engaging explanations by award-winning science writer Philip Ball.
Different visual manipulations have similar effects on quasi-static and dynamic balance responses of young and older people
Authors: Schmidt Daniel , Carpes Felipe P. , Milani Thomas L. , Germano Andresa M.C. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Studies demonstrated that the older adults can be more susceptible to balance instability after acute visual manipulation. There are different manipulation approaches used to investigate the importance of visual inputs on balance, e.g., eyes closed and blackout glasses. However, there is evidence that eyes open versus eyes closed results in a different organization of human brain functional networks. It is, however, unclear how different visual manipulations affect balance, and whether such effects differ between young and elderly persons. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether different visual manipulation approaches affect quasi-static and dynamic balance responses differently, and to investigate whether balance responses of young and older adults are affected differently by these various visual conditions.

Methods
Thirty-six healthy participants (20 young and 16 older adults) performed balance tests (quasi-static and unexpected perturbations) under four visual conditions: Eyes Open, Eyes Closed, Blackout Glasses, and Dark Room. Center of pressure (CoP) and muscle activation (EMG) were quantified.

Results
As expected, visual deprivation resulted in larger CoP excursions and higher muscle activations during balance tests for all participants. Surprisingly, the visual manipulation approach did not influence balance control in either group. Furthermore, quasi-static and dynamic balance control did not differ between young or older adults. The visual system plays an important role in balance control, however, similarly for both young and older adults. Different visual deprivation approaches did not influence balance results, meaning our results are comparable between participants of different ages. Further studies should investigate whether a critical illumination level may elicit different postural responses between young and older adults.
Morphological variability and genetic diversity in Carex buxbaumii and Carex hartmaniorum (Cyperaceae) populations
Authors: Więcław Helena , Szenejko Magdalena , Kull Thea , Sotek Zofia , Rębacz-Maron Ewa , Koopman Jacob 
Published: May 2021

Background
Carex buxbaumii and C. hartmaniorum are sister species of the clade Papilliferae within the monophyletic section Racemosae. An unambiguous identification of these species is relatively difficult due to the interspecific continuum of some morphological characters as well as the intraspecific variability. The study was aimed at determining the range of variability, both morphological and genetic, within and between these two closely related and similar species.

Methods
The sedges were collected during botanical expeditions to Armenia, Estonia, the Netherlands, and Poland. The morphological separation of the two species and their populations was tested using the Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). The genetic variability of the 19 Carex populations was assessed in the presence of eight Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers.

Results
Results of the study indicate a considerable genetic affinity between the two sedge species (mean Si = 0.619). However, the populations of C. hartmaniorum are, morphologically and genetically, more homogenous than the populations of C. buxbaumii. Compared to C. hartmaniorum, C. buxbaumii usually has wider leaf blades, a shorter inflorescence, a lower number of spikes which are shorter, but wider, and longer bracts and utricles. The AMOVA showed a larger variation between the populations of C. buxbaumii, representing 25.65% of the total variation in the taxon. Two populations of C. buxbaumii (from Poland and Estonia) are separated from the remaining populations, both genetically and morphologically; their individuals show shorter utricles and glumes, compared to the typical specimens of C. buxbaumii, and correspond with the morphology of putative infraspecific taxa described by Cajander (var. brevisquamosa and var. confusa).

Conclusions
The taxonomic status of the putative infraspecific taxa within C. buxbaumii requires further studies throughout the distribution range of C. buxbaumii, addressing habitats, morphology and genetics (including a chromosome count or a combination of different genetic methods), particularly as the variability in C. buxbaumii may be associated with the species’ polyploid origin.
Eating habits, lifestyle behaviors and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among Peruvian adults
Authors: Agurto Hellen S. , Alcantara-Diaz Ana L. , Espinet-Coll Eduardo , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J. 
Published: May 2021

Background and aims
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak has led to an unprecedented public health crisis. In Peru, although the quarantine is no longer mandatory, it was during the first months of 2020. To date, no studies have assessed the impact of the COVID-19 on the eating patterns and lifestyle context in the country. We aimed to describe the eating habits, lifestyle behaviors and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among Peruvian adults.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study. We used an online survey to collect information regarding eating habits, self-perceived stress and sedentary lifestyle among adults over 18 years of age residing in Lima-Peru and who complied with strict home quarantine. We presented our data according to the weight variation of the participants.

Results
A total of 686 were finally included in the study. The 82.9% were female, the median BMI was 25.97 kg/m2 (IQR: 23.37–29.41) and 68.2% reported a significant variation in their weight (38.9% increased and 29.3% lost weight). All bad habits were significantly associated with weight gain, except for prolonged fasting. Additionally, a sitting time longer than usual (p = 0.001), being in front of a screen for more than five hours in the last week (p = 0.002), and most of the stressful scenarios were significantly associated with weight gain.

Conclusion
Almost four out of ten participants gained weight during the quarantine. This was associated with unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity, and stressful scenarios.
Effect of reminder letters after health checkups on the consultation behavior of participants with possible hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia: A retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data in Japan
Authors: Hoshino Nobuaki , Xiuting Mo , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Prevention of and early treatment for noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia are important, as these diseases are asymptomatic in early stages but can lead to critical conditions such as macro- and microvascular disorders later on. While screening is conducted worldwide, low rates of hospital visits after screening is a common issue. We aimed to investigate the effect of reminder letters on the consultation behavior of screened participants.

Methods
We used administrative claims data from a database managed by JMDC Inc for participants of health checkups in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017, who belonged to a health insurance society. Reminder letters were sent regularly 6 months after checkups to improve participant consultation behavior. Participants who screened positive for hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, and who were not taking medication for any of these diseases at the time of health checkups, were included in the analyses.

Results
A total of 1739 participants in 2014, 1693 in 2015, 2002 in 2016, and 2144 in 2017 were included in the analysis for hypertension. The cumulative proportion of hospital visits gradually increased over the course of 12 months after checkups in all years. After 2015, spikes, albeit very small ones, were observed at 6 months after checkups in accordance with the timing of reminder letters. Similar trends were observed for hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.

Conclusions
Sending reminder letters is a potentially effective approach to increase hospital visits, but further improvements (ie, multiple reminders) may be necessary to affect enhancements in participant consultation behavior.
Identifying Potential Classification Criteria for Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: Item Generation and Item Reduction
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K. , Pascart Tristan , Latourte Augustin , Godsave Cattleya , Kundakci Burak , Naden Raymond P. , Taylor William J. , Dalbeth Nicola , Neogi Tuhina , Perez‐Ruiz Fernando , Rosenthal Ann , Becce Fabio , Pascual Eliseo , Andres Mariano , Bardin Thomas , Doherty Michael , Ea Hang‐Korng , Filippou Georgios , FitzGerald John , Guitierrez Marwin , Iagnocco Annamaria , Jansen Tim L. , Kohler Minna J. , Lioté Frédéric , Matza Mark , McCarthy Geraldine M. , Ramonda Roberta , Reginato Anthony M. , Richette Pascal , Singh Jasvinder A. , Sivera Francisca , So Alexander , Stamp Lisa K. , Yinh Janeth , Yokose Chio , Terkeltaub Robert , Choi Hyon , Abhishek Abhishek 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveClassification criteria for calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease will facilitate clinical research on this common crystalline arthritis. Our objective was to report on the first 2 phases of a 4‐phase process for developing CPPD classification criteria.MethodsCPPD classification criteria development is overseen by a 12‐member steering committee. Item generation (phase I) included a scoping literature review of 5 literature databases and contributions from a 35‐member combined expert committee and 2 patient research partners. Item reduction and refinement (phase II) involved a combined expert committee meeting, discussions among clinical, imaging, and laboratory advisory groups, and an item‐rating exercise to assess the influence of individual items toward classification. The steering committee reviewed the modal rating score for each item (range –3 [strongly pushes away from CPPD] to +3 [strongly pushes toward CPPD]) to determine items to retain for future phases of criteria development.ResultsItem generation yielded 420 items (312 from the literature, 108 from experts/patients). The advisory groups eliminated items that they agreed were unlikely to distinguish between CPPD and other forms of arthritis, yielding 127 items for the item‐rating exercise. Fifty‐six items, most of which had a modal rating of +/– 2 or 3, were retained for future phases. As numerous imaging items were rated +3, the steering committee recommended focusing on imaging of the knee and wrist and 1 additional affected joint for calcification suggestive of CPP crystal deposition.ConclusionA data‐ and expert‐driven process is underway to develop CPPD classification criteria. Candidate items comprise clinical, imaging, and laboratory features.
Rheumatic Disease Disclosure at the Early Career Phase and Its Impact on the Relationship Between Workplace Supports and Presenteeism
Authors: Jetha Arif , Tucker Lori , Backman Catherine , Kristman Vicki L. , Bowring Julie , Hazel Elizabeth M. , Perlin Louise , Proulx Laurie , Chen Cynthia , Gignac Monique A. M. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveYoung adults with rheumatic disease face challenges communicating health needs, accessing workplace support, and sustaining productivity. Our objective was to examine whether disclosure modifies the relationship between workplace support and presenteeism.MethodsAn online survey was administered to Canadian young adults with rheumatic disease and asked about presenteeism (0 = health had no effect on work; 10 = health completely prevented working), workplace support need, availability, and use and whether health details were disclosed to an immediate supervisor. A multivariable robust linear regression model was conducted and stratified by those who did and did not disclose the details of their health to their supervisor.ResultsA total of 306 participants completed the survey with a mean ± SD presenteeism score of 4.89 ± 2.65. More than 70% disclosed health details to their supervisor; those who disclosed reported greater presenteeism (mean ± SD 5.2 ± 2.5) when compared to those who did not disclose (mean ± SD 4.2 ± 2.61). Greater disease severity was associated with disclosure. Half of the participants reported unmet workplace support needs (53%), 32% reported that their workplace support needs were met, and 15% reported exceeded workplace support needs. The relationship between presenteeism and workplace support needs was modified by disclosure. For participants who disclosed, workplace support needs that were unmet (β = 1.59 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.75, 2.43]) and that were met (β = 1.25 [95% CI 0.39, 2.11]) were associated with greater presenteeism when compared to those with exceeded workplace support needs.ConclusionTo address presenteeism, strategies should be developed for young adults with rheumatic disease to foster access to available workplace supports and to navigate disclosure decisions.
Knee Confidence Trajectories Over Eight Years and Factors Associated With Poor Trajectories in Individuals With or at Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chang Alison H. , Lee Jungwha (Julia) , Almagor Orit , Chmiel Joan S. , Hayes Karen W. , Moisio Kirsten C. , Sharma Leena 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo identify distinct trajectories of lack of knee confidence over an 8‐year follow‐up period and to examine baseline factors associated with poor trajectories in individuals with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe Osteoarthritis Initiative is a prospective cohort study of individuals with or at high risk for knee OA. Confidence in the knees was assessed within the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score instrument querying how much the individual is troubled by lack of confidence in his/her knee(s), rated as not‐at‐all (score = 0), mildly (score = 1), moderately (score = 2), severely (score = 3), and extremely (score = 4) troubled, reported annually from baseline to 96 months. Lack of knee confidence was defined as a score of ≥2. We used latent class models to identify subgroups that share similar underlying knee confidence trajectories over an 8‐year period and multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to examine baseline factors associated with poor trajectories.ResultsAmong 4,515 participants (mean ± SD age 61.2 ± 9.2 years, mean ± SD BMI 28.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2; 2,640 [58.5%] women), 4 distinct knee confidence trajectories were identified: persistently good (65.6%); declining (9.1%); poor, improving (13.9%); and persistently poor (11.4%). Baseline predictors associated with persistently poor confidence (reference: persistently good) were younger age, male sex, higher body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, more advanced radiographic disease, worse knee pain, weaker knee extensors, history of knee injury and surgery, and reported hip and/or ankle pain.ConclusionFindings suggest the dynamic nature of self‐reported knee confidence and that addressing modifiable factors (e.g., BMI, knee strength, depressive symptoms, and lower extremity pain) may improve its long‐term course.
Using Critical Race Theory to Understand Trial Participation Among Black Individuals With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Qualitative Study of Patients and Caregivers
Authors: Sneed Rodlescia S. , Mason Maryann , Williams Jessica N. , Sinnette Corine , Taber Kreager , Mancera‐Cuevas Karen , Curry Gina , Canessa Patricia , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Feldman Candace H. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveBlack patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) experience greater disease incidence and severity than White patients, and yet they are underrepresented in SLE clinical trials. We applied Critical Race Theory to qualitatively explore the influence of racism on the underrepresentation of Black patients in SLE clinical trials and to develop a framework for future intervention.MethodsWe conducted focus group sessions in Chicago and Boston with Black adults (ages ≥18 years) with SLE and their caregivers. We queried the participants about their knowledge regarding clinical trials, factors that might motivate or hinder trial participation, and how race and experiences of racism might impact clinical trial participation. Focus group responses were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.ResultsWe held 4 focus groups (n = 31 participants); 20 participants had SLE, and 11 were caregivers. All participants were Black, 90% were women, and the mean age was 54 years. Qualitative analyses revealed several themes that negatively impact trial participation, including mistrust related to racism, concerns about assignment to placebo groups, strict study exclusion criteria, and SLE‐related concerns. Factors that motivated trial participation included recommendations from physicians and reputable institutions, a desire to help the greater good, and culturally sensitive marketing of trials.ConclusionActions to improve clinical trial participation among Black individuals should focus on reframing how trial information is presented and disseminated and on reevaluating barriers that may restrict trial participation. Additionally, researchers must acknowledge and respond to the presence of racial bias in health care. Community–academic partnerships may help build trust and reduce fears of mistreatment among Black individuals with SLE.
Agreement Between Physician Evaluation and the Composite Response Index in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Zheng Boyang , Wang Mianbo , McKenna Kerry , Shapiro Lee , Silver Richard , Csuka Mary Ellen , van den Hoogen Frank , Robinson David , Pauling John D. , Hummers Laura , Krieg Thomas , Del Galdo Francesco , Spiera Robert , Jones Niall , Khalidi Nader , Vacca Alessandra , de Vries‐Bouwstra Jeska K. , Gordon Jessica , Baron Murray ,   for the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveDiffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a highly heterogeneous disease. A provisionally approved Composite Response Index in diffuse cutaneous SSc (CRISS) was developed as a 1‐year outcome measure for clinical trials. Our goal was to further validate the CRISS by examining agreement between CRISS definitions for improved/non‐improved with physicians' evaluation of disease.MethodsPatient profiles from a large observational cohort were created for 50 random diffuse cutaneous SSc patients of <5 years disease duration with improved CRISS scores after 1 year and 50 with non‐improved CRISS scores. Profiles described disease features used during the initial CRISS development at baseline and at 1 year. Each profile was independently rated by 3 expert physicians. Majority opinion determined whether a patient was improved or not improved, and kappa agreement with the CRISS cutoff of 0.6 was calculated.ResultsPatients had mean ± SD disease duration of 2.2 ± 1.3 years. There was substantial agreement between the physician majority opinion about each case and the CRISS (κ = 0.76 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.64–0.88]). The agreement between each individual physician opinion and the CRISS was also substantial (κ = 0.70 [95% CI 0.62–0.78]). All CRISS non‐improvers were also rated as non‐improved by physician majority; however, 12 CRISS improvers were rated as non‐improved by physicians.ConclusionThere was substantial agreement between the dichotomous CRISS rating and physician assessment of diffuse cutaneous SSc patients after 1 year. This supports the use of a CRISS cutoff at 0.6 for improvement versus non‐improvement, although the CRISS tended to rate more patients as improved than did physicians.