bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharp time decay estimates for the discrete Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Cuenin Jean-Claude , Ikromov Isroil A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We establish sharp time decay estimates for the Klein–Gordon equation on the cubic lattice in dimensions d = 2, 3, 4. The ℓ
1 → ℓ
∞ dispersive decay rate is |t|−3/4 for d = 2, |t|−7/6 for d = 3 and |t|−3/2 log|t| for d = 4. These decay rates are faster than conjectured by Kevrekidis and Stefanov (2005). The proof relies on oscillatory integral estimates and proceeds by a detailed analysis of the singularities of the associated phase function. We also prove new Strichartz estimates and discuss applications to nonlinear PDEs and spectral theory.
Development and evaluation of cement/emulsified-asphalt based piezoelectric sensors for road weigh-in-motion system
Authors: Zhu Xingyi , Zhou Xudong , Ye Fangyong , Wu Hongtao , Du Zhao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Piezoelectric composites (PCs) have great potential in traffic information perception. In this study, 2–2 cement/emulsified asphalt PCs were prepared by the cutting-filling method, and a set of preparation technology was formed. The finite element model of PC and road structure was established to simulate the loading process of moving load, and the influence of embedded PCs on road structure was further discussed. In addition, the effects of the buried depth and offset distance of PCs on the mechanical electrical effect were studied. The results indicated that the buried depth had a little effect on the mechanical electrical effect of PCs, and this effect would be amplified when the load was close to the buried position: the shallower the PCs were buried, the greater the output voltage. When the load was in the direct-acting zone, the voltage output curve was a multi-peak curve, and the attenuation of the voltage peak with the offset distance was small; when the load was in the indirect-acting zone, the output curve was a single peak curve, and the output voltage decayed rapidly with the increase of the offset distance. It was found that the load level was linearly related to the voltage peak value, and the high-precision axle load detection could be achieved by embedding PCs in the road, so as to realize the weigh-in-motion of the road.
Stabilization of kink/peeling modes by coupled rotation and ion diamagnetic drift effects in quiescent H-mode plasmas in DIII-D and JT-60U
Authors: Aiba N. , Chen X. , Kamiya K. , Honda M. , Osborne T.H. , Burrell K.H. , Snyder P.B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic stability at the edge pedestal in several quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) plasmas in DIII-D and JT-60U experiments was analyzed by considering plasma rotation and ion diamagnetic drift effects. It was identified that a kink/peeling mode, which is a prime candidate for a trigger of edge harmonic oscillation in QH-mode, is stabilized by plasma rotation when considering the ion diamagnetic drift simultaneously in both experiments. The stabilizing effect by rotation becomes more effective in case using the rotation profile of the main ion species evaluated by assuming radial force balance. In addition, when inverting the rotation direction, it was found that the kink/peeling mode is more stabilized when considering the rotation of the main ion species, though the mode is less stabilized by the rotation of impurity ion species. The result implies that the kink/peeling mode stability in QH-mode plasmas is sensitive to how the rotation profile is evaluated, but it is shown that a qualitative trend stabilizing the kink/peeling mode by rotation can be reproduced with the poloidal rotation profile of an impurity predicted numerically based on the neoclassical theory.
Experimental investigation of the relation between measurement uncertainties and non-local quantum correlations
Authors: Matsuyama Kengo , Hofmann Holger F , Iinuma Masataka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bell’s inequalities are defined by sums of correlations involving non-commuting observables in each of the two systems. Violations of Bell’s inequalities are only possible because the precision of any joint measurement of these observables will be limited by quantum mechanical uncertainty relations. In this paper we explore the relation between the local measurement uncertainties and the magnitude of the correlations by preparing polarization entangled photon pairs and performing joint measurements of non-commuting polarization components at different uncertainty trade-offs. The change in measurement visibility reveals the existence of a non-trivial balance between the measurement uncertainties where the probabilities of a specific pair of measurement outcomes approaches zero because of the particular combination of enhancement and suppression of the experimentally observed correlations. The occurrence of these high-contrast results shows that the quantum correlations between the photons are close to their maximal value, confirming that the Cirel’son bound of Bell’s inequality violations is defined by the minimal uncertainties that limit the precision of joint measurements.
Microfabricated porous SU-8 membranes as innervation interfaces for hiPSC-neurons in microfluidic devices
Authors: Salpavaara T , Joki T , Skogberg A , Calejo M T , Lekkala J , Narkilahti S , Kallio P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, we developed microfabricated porous membranes aimed at facilitating innervation in 3D cell culture models. The aim of the paper is to introduce a fabrication method for porous membranes with adjustable size, shape and location of the pores without obstructing imaging or the connectivity of the cells. The method is based on making a patterned SU-8 layer on a sacrificial aluminium layer by UV lithography and releasing it with etching. With the proposed method, we were able to produce single-layer self-supporting membranes that were used as interfaces in compartmentalized microfluidic devices. The functionality of the membranes and their cytocompatibility were tested by culturing human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neurons on their surfaces. In vitro experiments demonstrated that a dense neural network develops on top of the proposed membranes within a week. Neurites were able to migrate through the pores to the bottom side of the membranes. We achieved partial, but still significant, axonal isolation. The results of this study will pave the way for the development of optimized innervated tissue models by using the combination of porous SU-8 membrane substrates, microelectrode arrays and hPSC-derived neurons in compartmentalized cell cultivation devices.
Evaluation of medication administration timing variance using information from a large health system’s clinical data warehouse
Authors: Loput Charity M , Saltsman Connie L , Rahm Risa C , Roberts Wm Dan , Sharma Sanya , Borum Cindy , Casey Jennifer A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
An analysis to determine the frequency of medication administration timing variances for specific therapeutic classes of high-risk medications using data extracted from a health-system clinical data warehouse (CDW) is presented.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective, observational analysis of medication administration data from 14 hospitals over 1 year was conducted using a large enterprise health-system CDW. The primary objective was to assess medication administration timing variance for focused therapeutic classes using medication orders and electronic medication administration records data extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). Administration timing variance patterns between standard hospital staffing shifts, within therapeutic drug classes, and for as-needed (PRN) medications were also studied. To assess medication administration timing variance, calculated variables were created for time intervals of 30-59, 60-120, and greater than 120 minutes. Scheduled medications were assessed for delayed administration and PRN medications for early administration.

Results
A total of 5,690,770 medication administrations (3,418,275 scheduled and 2,272,495 PRN) were included in the normalized data set. Scheduled medications were frequently subject to delays of ≥60 minutes (15% of administrations, n = 275,257) when scheduled for administration between 9-10 AM and between 9-10 PM. By therapeutic drug class, scheduled administrations of insulins, heparin products, and platelet aggregation inhibitors were the most commonly delayed. For PRN medications, medications in the anticoagulant and antiplatelet agent class (most commonly heparin flushes and line-management preparations) were most likely to be administered early, defined as more than 60 minutes from the scheduled time of first administration.

Conclusion
The findings of this study assist in understanding patterns of delayed medication administration. Medication class, time of day of scheduled administration, and frequency were factors that influenced medication administration timing variance.
DeepTrio: a ternary prediction system for protein–protein interaction using mask multiple parallel convolutional neural networks
Authors: Hu Xiaotian , Feng Cong , Zhou Yincong , Harrison Andrew , Chen Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMotivationProtein–protein interaction (PPI), as a relative property, is determined by two binding proteins, which brings a great challenge to design an expert model with an unbiased learning architecture and a superior generalization performance. Additionally, few efforts have been made to allow PPI predictors to discriminate between relative properties and intrinsic properties.ResultsWe present a sequence-based approach, DeepTrio, for PPI prediction using mask multiple parallel convolutional neural networks. Experimental evaluations show that DeepTrio achieves a better performance over several state-of-the-art methods in terms of various quality metrics. Besides, DeepTrio is extended to provide additional insights into the contribution of each input neuron to the prediction results.Availability and implementationWe provide an online application at http://bis.zju.edu.cn/deeptrio. The DeepTrio models and training data are deposited at https://github.com/huxiaoti/deeptrio.git.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Molecular diversity and historical phylogeography of the widespread genus Mastiglanis (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) based on palaeogeographical events in South America
Authors: Gales Suellen M , Ready Jonathan Stuart , Sabaj Mark H , Bernt Maxwell J , Silva Derlan José Ferreira , Oliveira Claudio , Oliveira Guilherme , Sales João Bráullio L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The catfish family Heptapteridae, endemic in the Neotropical region, is composed of small- to medium-sized species. The genus Mastiglanis was monotypic until very recently and is often misidentified as Imparfinis because of similarities in diagnostic characters, including the length of maxillary barbels and limited pigmentation. We provide the first molecular inference of diversity for samples identified as Mastiglanis. Partial 16S and COI sequences were produced for 84 samples identified morphologically as Mastiglanis from the Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo river basins. Species delimitation and phylogenetic methods recovered the genus as monophyletic, but samples assigned to the species Mastiglanis asopos yielded 21 distinct operational taxonomic units, often in sympatry. The first cladogenesis event, at ~12 Mya, was associated with marine incursions and/or vicariance events between the northward-flowing systems in the west and the rivers that drain to the east. Subsequent diversification during the Miocene and Pliocene was inferred to have resulted from environmental changes associated with Andean orogeny, whereas recent diversification in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene was inferred to result from environmental changes during glacial cycles. Despite the many probable cryptic species found across the large geographical distribution of the genus, further sampling is expected to increase taxonomic richness in this genus.
Genetically engineered birds; pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era
Authors: Dehdilani Nima , Yousefi Taemeh Sara , Goshayeshi Lena , Dehghani Hesam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Generating biopharmaceuticals in genetically engineered bioreactors continues to reign supreme. Hence, genetically engineered birds have attracted considerable attention from the biopharmaceutical industry. Fairly recent genome engineering methods have made genome manipulation an easy and affordable task. In this review, we first provide a broad overview of the approaches and main impediments ahead of generating efficient and reliable genetically engineered birds, and various factors that affect the fate of a transgene. This section provides an essential background for the rest of the review, in which we discuss and compare different genome manipulation methods in the pre-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR era in the field of avian genome engineering.
Primary lung cancer in women after previous breast cancer
Authors: Nobel Tamar B , Carr Rebecca A , Caso Raul , Livschitz Jennifer , Nussenzweig Samuel , Hsu Meier , Tan Kay See , Sihag Smita , Adusumilli Prasad S , Bott Matthew J , Downey Robert J , Huang James , Isbell James M , Park Bernard J , Rocco Gaetano , Rusch Valerie W , Jones David R , Molena Daniela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the USA. Improved survival has resulted in increasing incidence of second primary malignancies, of which lung cancer is the most common. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for lung-cancer screening do not include previous malignancy as a high-risk feature requiring evaluation. The aim of this study was to compare women undergoing resection for lung cancer with and without a history of breast cancer and to assess whether there were differences in stage at diagnosis, survival and eligibility for lung-cancer screening between the two groups.

Methods
Women who underwent lung-cancer resection between 2000 and 2017 were identified. Demographic, clinicopathological, treatment and outcomes data were compared between patients with a history of breast cancer (BC-Lung) and patients without a history of breast cancer (P-Lung) before lung cancer.

Results
Of 2192 patients included, 331 (15.1 per cent) were in the BC-Lung group. The most common method of lung-cancer diagnosis in the BC-Lung group was breast-cancer surveillance or work-up imaging. Patients in the BC-Lung group had an earlier stage of lung cancer at the time of diagnosis. Five-year overall survival was not statistically significantly different between groups (73.3 per cent for both). Overall, 58.4 per cent of patients (1281 patients) had a history of smoking, and 33.3 per cent (731 patients) met the current criteria for lung-cancer screening.

Conclusion
Differences in stage at diagnosis of lung cancer and treatment selection were observed between patients with and without a history of breast cancer. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in genomic or oncogenic pathway alterations between the two groups, which suggests that lung cancer in patients who previously had breast cancer may not be affected at the genomic level by the previous breast cancer. The most important finding of the study was that a high percentage of women with lung cancer, regardless of breast-cancer history, did not meet the current USPSTF criteria for lung-cancer screening.
Clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and perspective
Authors: Wong Charis , Stavrou Maria , Elliott Elizabeth , Gregory Jenna M , Leigh Nigel , Pinto Ashwin A , Williams Timothy L , Chataway Jeremy , Swingler Robert , Parmar Mahesh K B , Stallard Nigel , Weir Christopher J , Parker Richard A , Chaouch Amina , Hamdalla Hisham , Ealing John , Gorrie George , Morrison Ian , Duncan Callum , Connelly Peter , Carod-Artal Francisco Javier , Davenport Richard , Reitboeck Pablo Garcia , Radunovic Aleksandar , Srinivasan Venkataramanan , Preston Jenny , Mehta Arpan R , Leighton Danielle , Glasmacher Stella , Beswick Emily , Williamson Jill , Stenson Amy , Weaver Christine , Newton Judith , Lyle Dawn , Dakin Rachel , Macleod Malcolm , Pal Suvankar , Chandran Siddharthan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of clinical trials, effective disease-modifying drugs remain scarce. To understand the challenges of trial design and delivery, we performed a systematic review of Phase II, Phase II/III and Phase III amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical drug trials on trial registries and PubMed between 2008 and 2019. We identified 125 trials, investigating 76 drugs and recruiting more than 15 000 people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. About 90% of trials used traditional fixed designs. The limitations in understanding of disease biology, outcome measures, resources and barriers to trial participation in a rapidly progressive, disabling and heterogenous disease hindered timely and definitive evaluation of drugs in two-arm trials. Innovative trial designs, especially adaptive platform trials may offer significant efficiency gains to this end. We propose a flexible and scalable multi-arm, multi-stage trial platform where opportunities to participate in a clinical trial can become the default for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Tofacitinib Adherence and Outcomes in Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wiles C Alex , Shah Nisha B , Bell Jake , Pabla Baldeep S , Scoville Elizabeth A , Dalal Robin L , Beaulieu Dawn B , Schwartz David A , Horst Sara N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Tofacitinib has been approved for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and studied in Crohn’s disease. Understanding medication adherence to oral medications in severe disease is essential.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed adherence and real-world outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease patients who initiated tofacitinib at a single care center. Adherence was measured by proportion of days covered.

Results
Sixty-three patients were identified. All patients failed at least one prior biologic therapy. Mean proportion of days covered was 95.7% for ulcerative colitis and 93.1% for Crohn’s disease. Significant clinical and endoscopic response was seen.

Conclusion
Adherence was high in a cohort with highly refractory disease.
Impact of gamification on glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kaihara Toshiki , Intan-Goey Valent , Scherrenberg Martijn , Falter Maarten , Frederix Ines , Akashi Yoshihiro , Dendale Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very high and still rising. Optimal medical therapy and lifestyle management are essential in reducing the long-term complications of T2DM. Gamification, which is the use of design elements, and characteristics of games in a non-gaming context, is an innovative approach to improve healthy behaviour. It thereby could be able to improve glycaemic control in T2DM. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of gamification on glycaemic control expressed by haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in T2DM patients.Methods and results All articles from 2000 to 2021 were searched in electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase). The total number of patients was 704. The rate of male participants and their mean ages ranged, respectively, from 46% to 94% and 60 to 63 years. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials of T2DM management using gamification which included HbA1c as an outcome measure. A meta-analysis was performed. After removing duplicates, 129 articles were screened and a total of 3 articles corresponding to the inclusion criteria were identified. Haemoglobin A1c was significantly reduced [mean difference −0.21; 95% confidence interval (−0.37 to −0.05); P = 0.01; I2 = 0%] in the intervention group using gamification as compared to the control group.Conclusion Gamification has a positive effect on glycaemic control expressed by HbA1c changes in patients with T2DM. However, only three studies were included in this review. More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of gamification in T2DM.
Long-term durability after surgical aortic valve replacement with the Trifecta and the Intuity valve—a comparative analysis
Authors: Werner Paul , Coti Iuliana , Kaider Alexandra , Gritsch Jasmin , Mach Markus , Kocher Alfred , Laufer Guenther , Andreas Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Long-term durability of surgical bio-prostheses is a key factor, especially in the era of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. We compared the incidence of structural valve deterioration (SVD) between patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) with the Trifecta (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA) or the Intuity valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA).

METHODS
Between April 2010 and May 2020, 1118 patients underwent SAVR with the Trifecta (n = 346) and the Intuity (n = 772) valve at a single centre. A total of 1070 patients (Trifecta n = 298, Intuity n = 772) were analysed after the exclusion of patients with pure regurgitation and endocarditis. Retro- and prospective echocardiographic and clinical follow-up was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to identify prognostic factors for SVD, aortic re-interventions and mortality.

RESULTS
With 27 cases (Trifecta n = 23, Intuity n = 4) of SVD observed, cumulative incidence of SVD was significantly higher in the Trifecta cohort (P &lt; 0.001). Implantation of a Trifecta valve [hazard ratio (HR) 11.20; 95% confidence interval 3.79–33.09], log-transformed preoperative creatinine (HR 2.47; 1.37–4.44) and sex (male HR 0.42; 0.19–0.92) emerged as prognostic factors of SVD. A significantly higher cumulative incidence of re-interventions was observed in the Trifecta cohort (P = 0.004) and valve type was an independent time-varying risk factor (HR at 12 months 2.78; 95% confidence interval 1.42–5.45). Overall, no significant differences in all-cause mortality were observed between the groups (log-rank test: P = 0.052).

CONCLUSIONS
SVD was significantly more frequent in patients receiving a Trifecta valve and its implantation was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of SVD and aortic valve re-interventions. This comparative analysis of 2 low-gradient bioprosthesis put the long-term durability of the Trifecta valve in question and need to be taken into consideration when performing bioprosthetic SAVR.