bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of childhood unpredictability and harshness on emotional control and relationship quality: A life history perspective
Authors: Szepsenwol Ohad , Simpson Jeffry A. , Griskevicius Vladas , Zamir Osnat , Young Ethan S. , Shoshani Anat , Doron Guy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBeing able to control oneself in emotionally upsetting situations is essential for good relationship functioning. According to life history theory, childhood exposure to harshness and unpredictability should forecast diminished emotional control and lower relationship quality. We examined this in three studies. In Studies 1 and 2, greater childhood unpredictability (frequent financial, residential, and familial changes), but not harshness (low SES), was associated with lower emotional control in adolescents (N = 1041) and adults (N = 327). These effects were stronger during the participants’ reproductive years. Moreover, in Study 2, greater childhood unpredictability was indirectly associated with lower relationship quality through lower emotional control. In study 3, we leveraged the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 160). Greater early-life unpredictability (ages 0–4) prospectively predicted lower relationship quality at age 32 via lower emotional control at the same age. This relation was serially mediated by less supportive observed early maternal care (ages 1.5–3.5) and insecure attachment representations (ages 19 and 26). Early unpredictability also predicted greater observed emotional distress during conflict interactions with romantic partners (ages 19–36). These findings point to the role of emotional control in mediating the effects of unpredictable childhood environments on relationship functioning in adulthood.
A Mamluk-Venetian Memorandum on Asian Trade, AD 1503
Authors: APELLÁNIZ FRANCISCO 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents and discusses a source of unique importance for our knowledge of early modern global exchanges. Produced in 1503 by the Egyptian administration and found among the records of a Venetian company with global commercial interests, the document records hitherto unknown connections between the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, followed by cargo figures. By sending the Memorandum to the head office in Venice, the Company's agents in Egypt were labouring to solve the most important concern of Venice's information network, that of coordinating Indian with Mediterranean trading seasons. By analysing the document's context, namely, a company involved in the export of central European metals to Asia, this article focuses on the capacity of its agents to gather information through collaboration, networking and ultimately, friendship with Muslim partners and informers. The story of the 1503 Memorandum and its transmission raises questions about the mixed networks underpinning global exchanges, the role of information and the drive of the late Mamluk sultanate into the world of the Indian Ocean.
Sharwīn of Dastabay: Reconstructing an early Persian Tale
Authors: HÄMEEN-ANTTILA JAAKKO 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article discusses a little-known lost Persian tale,The Story of Sharwin of Dastabay, and traces references to it in Arabic, Persian, and Byzantine sources. The earliest references to the story come from the mid- to late eighth century, and it seems to have remained well known in Arabic and Persian literature until the early twelfth and possibly the early fourteenth century, while Byzantine literature shows that at least some of its elements circulated already in the mid-sixth century. The article also discusses how the story may have been transmitted both in Iran and, crossing the linguistic boundary, in an Arabic context. Though much of the story remains unknown, it is clear that it relates to later epics and reveals something of the literary context of Firdawsi and hisShahname.
The ‘branding’ of IAPT and private cognitive behaviour therapy services in England
Authors: Veale David , Bowles Chloe , Avramescu Mara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Over the past decade, provision of cognitive behaviour therapy has expanded massively in the UK, both within the private sector and through the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme. Our aim in this study was to explore and compare the brand names adopted by IAPT and private CBT services. We obtained the names of all the IAPT and private services in England and created a word cloud for each sector. There was no significant difference in the proportion of services that adopted a brand name (72% of IAPT services vs 67% of the private services). In those with a brand name, IAPT services were significantly more likely than private services to contain positive words, and to have a theme of togetherness and collaboration. However, private services were more likely to include a psychological therapy in their name and have a theme of efficacy compared with IAPT. The most common keywords in IAPT services were ‘talking’ and ‘thinking’. IAPT services use a variety of euphemisms such as ‘talking’ for a psychological therapy. There is no theme for ‘doing’ in the IAPT or private services, despite behavioural interventions being one of the most common therapeutic components. The brand names in IAPT are overwhelmingly positive and convey the hope of a good outcome. They do not include the experience of difficult emotions, such as sadness and fear during therapy. We found just one private service that evoked the history of CBT named after Vic Meyer. Perhaps we will have some Clark and Layard centres in the years to come!

Key learning aims
After reading this paper, the reader should:

(1)
Recognise the importance of a brand name in shaping service user expectations.

(2)
Understand the differences between how private CBT and IAPT services present themselves to the public.

(3)
Recognise the omission of words conveying an active ‘doing’ theme in IAPT and private CBT service names.
From Subduction to LLSVP: The Core‐Mantle Boundary Heterogeneities Across North Atlantic
Authors: Fan An , Sun Xinlei , Zhang Zhou , Zhang Peng , Zong Jianye 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe distribution of Ultra‐low Velocity Zones (ULVZs) is generally associated with the Large Low Shear Velocity Zones (LLSVPs). However, subducted slabs may be important for the characteristics of the ULVZs as well. Here we use ScS precursor (SdS) and postcursor (ScscS) phases, as well as Scd phases recorded by USArray to investigate the lowermost mantle structure across the north Atlantic, which spans the African LLSVP and the subducted Farallon slab. Our results show a ULVZ located near the edge of the African LLSVP, with thicknesses ranging from 11–16 km and S wave velocity reductions of 12%–24%. At the same time, a thin high‐velocity layer (HVL) with thicknesses of 20–30 km, Vs increases of 3%–4%, is also detected outside the LLSVP in the northwest region. Further west there is a clear D" layer at 250 km above the core mantle boundary (CMB), overlaid by a low velocity layer with Vs reduction of 3%. This transition profile from D" to HVL to ULVZ provides an excellent opportunity for us to understand the heterogeneities near the CMB region. We propose that interactions between the subducted Farallon slab with ambient mantle and LLSVP material, together with thermal effects, may result in this transition between different seismic structures along the CMB.
Statistical Characteristics of the Low‐Latitude E‐Region Irregularities Observed by the HCOPAR in South China
Authors: Yan Chunxiao , Chen Gang , Wang Zhihua , Zhang Min , Zhang Shaodong , Li Yaxian , Huang Kaiming , Gong Wanlin , He Zhiqiu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStatistical characteristics of the E‐region irregularities observed by the HCOPAR in the low‐latitudes of China are presented and analyzed. The data come from the observations between September 2015 and August 2016. Benefit from the high data acquisition rate and the relatively high time and height resolutions, we have found many interesting and unreported details in the statistical characteristics of the E‐region irregularities. The lowest occurrence rate of the E‐region irregularities appears at around sunrise and another low rate appears at around noon. The daytime irregularities are generated in the region where the zonal winds turn around at the E‐region altitudes. There is clear boundary between the irregularities occurring in the morning and afternoon. The nighttime irregularities appear at higher altitudes with steeper background plasma density gradient. The higher tidal amplitude is suggested to increase the irregularity occurrence rate and the greater solar radiation is suggested to decrease it. The steep plasma density gradient in the night may be the main reason for the nighttime irregularities through gradient drift instability. The turning around of the zonal wind field is considered to generate the irregularities in the day through Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability.
A Meta‐Analysis of Fault Slip Rates Across the Central Apennines
Authors: Carafa M. M. C. , Di Naccio D. , Di Lorenzo C. , Kastelic V. , Bird P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeveral methods such as paleoseismic trenching, mapping of offset geomorphic markers, and dating of scarp profiles have been used to determine slip rates of normal faults in the central Apennines. Combining measurements obtained with different methods remains challenging because non‐tectonic processes can introduce noise or spurious signals that are elusive to quantify, and these influence slip rate estimates. To this end, we meta‐analyzed throw measurements with associated ages collected in the central Apennines with several methods to quantify such erratic fluctuations and method‐related variances. We show that throw rates are overdispersed with respect to nominal uncertainties in throw and age; therefore, they are commonly affected by unmodeled noise processes. After comparing throw rate distributions sampling the same faults with different techniques, no clear spatio‐temporal patterns appear, but only quasi‐random noise. Assuming that field investigators sampled real tectonic features (i.e., fault scarps), we find that such erratic throw rates indicate total uncertainties are two to three times greater than the stated observation uncertainties. In this situation, a simple and robust null hypothesis is appropriate. We propose that most faults should be assumed to have uniform throw rate along their traces, except for possible tapering near unconnected ends. We also propose that models in which throw rates are time‐dependent (within the last 25 kyr) are not yet justified. Then, relying on the estimated total uncertainties, we determine the most probable long‐term fault throw rate for each active fault by combining different throw‐rate probability density functions.
Soil minerals affect taxon-specific bacterial growth
Authors: Finley Brianna K , Mau Rebecca L , Hayer Michaela , Stone Bram W , Morrissey Ember M , Koch Benjamin J , Rasmussen Craig , Dijkstra Paul , Schwartz Egbert , Hungate Bruce A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Secondary minerals (clays and metal oxides) are important components of the soil matrix. Clay minerals affect soil carbon persistence and cycling, and they also select for distinct microbial communities. Here we show that soil mineral assemblages—particularly short-range order minerals—affect both bacterial community composition and taxon-specific growth. Three soils with different parent material and presence of short-range order minerals were collected from ecosystems with similar vegetation and climate. These three soils were provided with 18O-labeled water and incubated with or without artificial root exudates or pine needle litter. Quantitative stable isotope probing was used to determine taxon-specific growth. We found that the growth of bacteria varied among soils of different mineral assemblages but found the trend of growth suppression in the presence of short-range order minerals. Relative growth of bacteria declined with increasing concentration of short-range order minerals between 25–36% of taxa present in all soils. Carbon addition in the form of plant litter or root exudates weakly affected relative growth of taxa (p = 0.09) compared to the soil type (p &lt; 0.01). However, both exudate and litter carbon stimulated growth for at least 34% of families in the soils with the most and least short-range order minerals. In the intermediate short-range order soil, fresh carbon reduced growth for more bacterial families than were stimulated. These results highlight how bacterial-mineral-substrate interactions are critical to soil organic carbon processing, and how growth variation in bacterial taxa in these interactions may contribute to soil carbon persistence and loss.
Social buffering of human fear is shaped by gender, social concern, and the presence of real vs virtual agents
Authors: Qi Yanyan , Bruch Dorothée , Krop Philipp , Herrmann Martin J. , Latoschik Marc E. , Deckert Jürgen , Hein Grit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe presence of a partner can attenuate physiological fear responses, a phenomenon known as social buffering. However, not all individuals are equally sociable. Here we investigated whether social buffering of fear is shaped by sensitivity to social anxiety (social concern) and whether these effects are different in females and males. We collected skin conductance responses (SCRs) and affect ratings of female and male participants when they experienced aversive and neutral sounds alone (alone treatment) or in the presence of an unknown person of the same gender (social treatment). Individual differences in social concern were assessed based on a well-established questionnaire. Our results showed that social concern had a stronger effect on social buffering in females than in males. The lower females scored on social concern, the stronger the SCRs reduction in the social compared to the alone treatment. The effect of social concern on social buffering of fear in females disappeared if participants were paired with a virtual agent instead of a real person. Together, these results showed that social buffering of human fear is shaped by gender and social concern. In females, the presence of virtual agents can buffer fear, irrespective of individual differences in social concern. These findings specify factors that shape the social modulation of human fear, and thus might be relevant for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
The MYEOV-MYC association promotes oncogenic miR-17/93-5p expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shen Hongzhang , Ye Fuqiang , Xu Dongchao , Fang Liangliang , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhu Juanjuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy worldwide. As metastasis and malignant progression are primarily responsible for the poor clinical outcomes of PDAC, identifying key genes involved in these processes and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PDAC is vital. In this study, by analyzing TCGA PDAC data and matched GTEx data, we found that MYEOV expression is associated with poor survival in PDAC patients and higher in carcinoma tissues than in healthy tissues. Elevated levels of MYEOV led to enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analysis results revealed that MYEOV mediates global alterations in gene expression profiles in PDAC cells. MiRNA-seq analysis showed that MYEOV regulates the expression levels of miR-17-5p and miR-93-5p, and its depletion resulted in reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration, as observed in MYEOV-knockdown PDAC cells. These effects are likely due to the ability of MYEOV to regulate enrichment of the transcription factor MYC at the gene promoter regions of the two miRNAs. Furthermore, we identified a complex containing MYEOV and MYC in the nucleus, providing additional evidence for the association of MYEOV with MYC. Taken together, our results suggest that MYEOV promotes oncogenic miR-17/93-5p expression by associating with MYC, contributing to PDAC progression.
Decreasing extents of Archean serpentinization contributed to the rise of an oxidized atmosphere
Authors: Leong James Andrew M. , Ely Tucker , Shock Everett L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt present, molecular hydrogen (H2) produced through Fe(II) oxidation during serpentinization of ultramafic rocks represents a small fraction of the global sink for O2due to limited exposures of ultramafic rocks. In contrast, ultramafic rocks such as komatiites were much more common in the Early Earth and H2production via serpentinization was a likely factor in maintaining an O2-free atmosphere throughout most of the Archean. Using thermodynamic simulations, this work quantifies the global O2consumption attributed to serpentinization during the past 3.5 billion years. Results show that H2generation is strongly dependent on rock compositions where serpentinization of more magnesian lithologies generated substantially higher amounts of H2. Consumption of >2 Tmole O2yr−1via low-temperature serpentinization of Archean continents and seafloor is possible. This O2sink diminished greatly towards the end of the Archean as ultramafic rocks became less common and helped set the stage for the Great Oxidation Event.
Forty years of durability assessment of nuclear waste glass by standard methods
Authors: Thorpe Clare L. , Neeway James J. , Pearce Carolyn I. , Hand Russell J. , Fisher Adam J. , Walling Sam A. , Hyatt Neil C. , Kruger Albert A. , Schweiger Michael , Kosson David S. , Arendt Christina L. , Marcial Jose , Corkhill Claire L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStandard methods to assess the durability of vitrified radioactive waste were first developed in the 1980’s and, over the last 40 years, have evolved to yield a range of responses depending on experimental conditions and glass composition. Mechanistic understanding of glass dissolution has progressed in parallel, enhancing our interpretation of the data acquired. With the implementation of subsurface disposal for vitrified radioactive waste drawing closer, it is timely to review the available standard methodologies and reflect upon their relative advantages, limitations, and how the data obtained can be interpreted to support the post-closure safety case for radioactive waste disposal.
Complex free-space magnetic field textures induced by three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures
Authors: Donnelly Claire , Hierro-Rodríguez Aurelio , Abert Claas , Witte Katharina , Skoric Luka , Sanz-Hernández Dédalo , Finizio Simone , Meng Fanfan , McVitie Stephen , Raabe Jörg , Suess Dieter , Cowburn Russell , Fernández-Pacheco Amalio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design of complex, competing effects in magnetic systems—be it via the introduction of nonlinear interactions1–4, or the patterning of three-dimensional geometries5,6—is an emerging route to achieve new functionalities. In particular, through the design of three-dimensional geometries and curvature, intrastructure properties such as anisotropy and chirality, both geometry-induced and intrinsic, can be directly controlled, leading to a host of new physics and functionalities, such as three-dimensional chiral spin states7, ultrafast chiral domain wall dynamics8–10 and spin textures with new spin topologies7,11. Here, we advance beyond the control of intrastructure properties in three dimensions and tailor the magnetostatic coupling of neighbouring magnetic structures, an interstructure property that allows us to generate complex textures in the magnetic stray field. For this, we harness direct write nanofabrication techniques, creating intertwined nanomagnetic cobalt double helices, where curvature, torsion, chirality and magnetic coupling are jointly exploited. By reconstructing the three-dimensional vectorial magnetic state of the double helices with soft-X-ray magnetic laminography12,13, we identify the presence of a regular array of highly coupled locked domain wall pairs in neighbouring helices. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that the magnetization configuration leads to the formation of an array of complex textures in the magnetic induction, consisting of vortices in the magnetization and antivortices in free space, which together form an effective B field cross-tie wall14. The design and creation of complex three-dimensional magnetic field nanotextures opens new possibilities for smart materials15, unconventional computing2,16, particle trapping17,18 and magnetic imaging19.
Ostrich eggshell beads reveal 50,000-year-old social network in Africa
Authors: Miller Jennifer M. , Wang Yiming V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHumans evolved in a patchwork of semi-connected populations across Africa1,2; understanding when and how these groups connected is critical to interpreting our present-day biological and cultural diversity. Genetic analyses reveal that eastern and southern African lineages diverged sometime in the Pleistocene epoch, approximately 350–70 thousand years ago (ka)3,4; however, little is known about the exact timing of these interactions, the cultural context of these exchanges or the mechanisms that drove their separation. Here we compare ostrich eggshell bead variations between eastern and southern Africa to explore population dynamics over the past 50,000 years. We found that ostrich eggshell bead technology probably originated in eastern Africa and spread southward approximately 50–33 ka via a regional network. This connection breaks down approximately 33 ka, with populations remaining isolated until herders entered southern Africa after 2 ka. The timing of this disconnection broadly corresponds with the southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which caused periodic flooding of the Zambezi River catchment (an area that connects eastern and southern Africa). This suggests that climate exerted some influence in shaping human social contact. Our study implies a later regional divergence than predicted by genetic analyses, identifies an approximately 3,000-kilometre stylistic connection and offers important new insights into the social dimension of ancient interactions.
Normalization by valence and motivational intensity in the sensorimotor cortices (PMd, M1, and S1)
Authors: Yao Zhao , Hessburg John P. , Francis Joseph Thachil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur brain’s ability to represent vast amounts of information, such as continuous ranges of reward spanning orders of magnitude, with limited dynamic range neurons, may be possible due to normalization. Recently our group and others have shown that the sensorimotor cortices are sensitive to reward value. Here we ask if psychological affect causes normalization of the sensorimotor cortices by modulating valence and motivational intensity. We had two non-human primates (NHP) subjects (one male bonnet macaque and one female rhesus macaque) make visually cued grip-force movements while simultaneously cueing the level of possible reward if successful, or timeout punishment, if unsuccessful. We recorded simultaneously from 96 electrodes in each the following: caudal somatosensory, rostral motor, and dorsal premotor cortices (cS1, rM1, PMd). We utilized several normalization models for valence and motivational intensity in all three regions. We found three types of divisive normalized relationships between neural activity and the representation of valence and motivation, linear, sigmodal, and hyperbolic. The hyperbolic relationships resemble receptive fields in psychological affect space, where a unit is susceptible to a small range of the valence/motivational space. We found that these cortical regions have both strong valence and motivational intensity representations.