bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Anchoring: Prosecution and defense claims as sequential anchors in the courtroom
Authors: Imhoff Roland , Nickolaus Christoph 
Published: May 2021

PurposeWhen making judgements under uncertainty not only lay people but also professional judges often rely on heuristics like a numerical anchor (e.g., a numerical sentencing demand) to generate a numerical response. As the prosecution has the privilege to present its demand first, some scholars have speculated about an anchoring‐based unfair disadvantage for the defence (who has the last albeit less effective word in court). Despite the plausibility of this reasoning, it is based on a hitherto untested assumption that the first of two sequential anchors exerts a greater influence on a later judgement (a primacy effect). We argue that it is also conceivable that the last word in court has a recency advantage (a recency effect) or that order does not matter as both demands even each other out (a combined anchor).MethodsWe report a pre‐registered experiment with German law students (N = 475) who were randomly assigned to six experimental conditions in a study on legal decision‐making order to test these three possibilities.ResultsResults indicate an influence of both the prosecution and the defence recommendation, but no effect of order.ConclusionThis provides strong support for combined anchoring even for knowledgeable participants and rich case material. Specifically, the data are best compatible with the notion that both anchors exert an influence but each on different individuals. The implications of this finding for theory and legal decision‐making are discussed.
Option pricing models without probability: a rough paths approach
Authors: Armstrong John , Bellani Claudio , Brigo Damiano , Cass Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe describe the pricing and hedging of financial options without the use of probability using rough paths. By encoding the volatility of assets in an enhancement of the price trajectory, we give a pathwise presentation of the replication of European options. The continuity properties of rough‐paths allow us to generalize the so‐called fundamental theorem of derivative trading, showing that a small misspecification of the model will yield only a small excess profit or loss of the replication strategy. Our hedging strategy is an enhanced version of classical delta hedging where we use volatility swaps to hedge the second‐order terms arising in rough‐path integrals, resulting in improved robustness.
The challenges of medically complex breastfed children and their families: A systematic review
Authors: Hookway Lyndsey , Lewis Jan , Brown Amy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and then alongside solid food for the first 2 years and beyond is the gold standard in young child nutrition. There is an abundance of literature relating to the preventative nature of breastmilk and breastfeeding against many infectious diseases and chronic conditions. However, despite medically complex infants and children being a group that could benefit most from continued breastfeeding, breastfeeding duration and exclusivity are lower among more complex paediatric populations. The reasons for this are not well known, and there is a paucity of data relating to supporting infants who have acute or chronic illness, disability or congenital anomaly to breastfeed. This systematic review aimed to understand the challenges of breast/chestfeeding the medically complex child and to establish the gaps in healthcare provision that act as barriers to optimal infant and young child feeding. The search was limited to studies published in English, focused on breastfed sick infants in hospital, with no date limits as there is no previous systematic review. Of 786 papers retrieved, 11 studies were included for review, and seven themes identified. Themes included practical and psychological challenges of continuing to breastfeed in a hospital setting, complications of the condition making breastfeeding difficult, lack of specialist breastfeeding support from hospital staff and a lack of availability of specialist equipment to support complex breastfeeding. The findings affirm the lack of consistent high‐quality care for lactation support in paediatric settings and reinforce the need for further focused research in this area.
Unboxing mutations: Connecting mutation types with evolutionary consequences
Authors: Berdan Emma L. , Blanckaert Alexandre , Slotte Tanja , Suh Alexander , Westram Anja M. , Fragata Inês 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA key step in understanding the genetic basis of different evolutionary outcomes (e.g., adaptation) is to determine the roles played by different mutation types (e.g., SNPs, translocations and inversions). To do this we must simultaneously consider different mutation types in an evolutionary framework. Here, we propose a research framework that directly utilizes the most important characteristics of mutations, their population genetic effects, to determine their relative evolutionary significance in a given scenario. We review known population genetic effects of different mutation types and show how these may be connected to different evolutionary outcomes. We provide examples of how to implement this framework and pinpoint areas where more data, theory and synthesis are needed. Linking experimental and theoretical approaches to examine different mutation types simultaneously is a critical step towards understanding their evolutionary significance.
HSP17.4 mediates salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways in the regulation of resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in strawberry
Authors: Fang Xianping , Chai Weiguo , Li Shuigen , Zhang Liqing , Yu Hong , Shen Jiansheng , Xiao Wenfei , Liu Aichun , Zhou Boqiang , Zhang Xueying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we used virus‐mediated gene silencing technology and found that the HSP17.4 gene‐silenced cultivar Sweet Charlie plants were more susceptible to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides than the wild‐type Sweet Charlie, and the level of infection was even higher than that of the susceptible cultivar Benihopp. The results of differential quantitative proteomics showed that after infection with the pathogen, the expression of the downstream response genes NPR1, TGA, and PR‐1 of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway was fully up‐regulated in the wild‐type Sweet Charlie, and the expression of the core transcription factor MYC2 of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway was significantly down‐regulated. The expression of the proteins encoded by these genes did not change significantly in the HSP17.4‐silenced Sweet Charlie, indicating that the expression of HSP17.4 activated the up‐regulation of downstream signals of SA and inhibited the JA signal pathway. The experiments that used SA, methyl jasmonate, and their inhibitors to treat plants provide additional evidence that the antagonism between SA and JA regulates the resistance of strawberry plants to C. gloeosporioides.
A 20‐kb lineage‐specific genomic region tames virulence in pathogenic amphidiploid Verticillium longisporum
Authors: Harting Rebekka , Starke Jessica , Kusch Harald , Pöggeler Stefanie , Maurus Isabel , Schlüter Rabea , Landesfeind Manuel , Bulla Ingo , Nowrousian Minou , de Jonge Ronnie , Stahlhut Gertrud , Hoff Katharina J. , Aßhauer Kathrin P. , Thürmer Andrea , Stanke Mario , Daniel Rolf , Morgenstern Burkhard , Thomma Bart P. H. J. , Kronstad James W. , Braus‐Stromeyer Susanna A. , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmphidiploid fungal Verticillium longisporum strains Vl43 and Vl32 colonize the plant host Brassica napus but differ in their ability to cause disease symptoms. These strains represent two V. longisporum lineages derived from different hybridization events of haploid parental Verticillium strains. Vl32 and Vl43 carry same‐sex mating‐type genes derived from both parental lineages. Vl32 and Vl43 similarly colonize and penetrate plant roots, but asymptomatic Vl32 proliferation in planta is lower than virulent Vl43. The highly conserved Vl43 and Vl32 genomes include less than 1% unique genes, and the karyotypes of 15 or 16 chromosomes display changed genetic synteny due to substantial genomic reshuffling. A 20 kb Vl43 lineage‐specific (LS) region apparently originating from the Verticillium dahliae‐related ancestor is specific for symptomatic Vl43 and encodes seven genes, including two putative transcription factors. Either partial or complete deletion of this LS region in Vl43 did not reduce virulence but led to induction of even more severe disease symptoms in rapeseed. This suggests that the LS insertion in the genome of symptomatic V. longisporum Vl43 mediates virulence‐reducing functions, limits damage on the host plant, and therefore tames Vl43 from being even more virulent.
Transcriptional signatures of synaptic vesicle genes define myotonic dystrophy type I neurodegeneration
Authors: Jimenez‐Marin Antonio , Diez Ibai , Labayru Garazi , Sistiaga Andone , Caballero Maria C. , Andres‐Benito Pol , Sepulcre Jorge , Ferrer Isidro , Lopez de Munain Adolfo , Cortes Jesus M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo delineate the neurogenetic profiles of brain degeneration patterns in myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1).MethodsIn two cohorts of DM1 patients, brain maps of volume loss (VL) and neuropsychological deficits (NDs) were intersected to large‐scale transcriptome maps provided by the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA). For validation, neuropathological and RNA analyses were performed in a small series of DM1 brain samples.ResultsTwofold: (1) From a list of preselected hypothesis‐driven genes, confirmatory analyses found that three genes play a major role in brain degeneration: dystrophin (DMD), alpha‐synuclein (SNCA) and the microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT). Neuropathological analyses confirmed a highly heterogeneous Tau‐pathology in DM1, different to the one in Alzheimer's disease. (2) Exploratory analyses revealed gene clusters enriched for key biological processes in the central nervous system, such as synaptic vesicle recycling, localization, endocytosis and exocytosis, and the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter pathways. RNA analyses confirmed synaptic vesicle dysfunction.ConclusionsThe combination of large‐scale transcriptome interactions with brain imaging and cognitive function sheds light on the neurobiological mechanisms of brain degeneration in DM1 that might help define future therapeutic strategies and research into this condition.
Implementation of childhood obesity prevention and control policies in the United States and Latin America: Lessons for cross‐border research and practice
Authors: Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Vilar‐Compte Mireya , Rhodes Elizabeth , Sarmiento Olga L. , Corvalan Camila , Sturke Rachel , Vorkoper Susan 
Published: May 2021

SummaryProgress has been made in the development and widespread implementation of effective interventions to address childhood obesity, yet important challenges remain. To understand how the United States and Latin American countries achieved success in implementing obesity policies and programs (PAPs) and identify improvement opportunities using implementation science principles. We identified three comparative case studies: (1) front‐of‐food package labeling (Mexico and Chile); (2) Open Streets/play streets (Colombia and the United States); and (3) the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative (Brazil and the United States). Information from multiple sources (e.g., scientific and gray literature and key informant interviews) was synthesized to describe barriers, facilitators, and progress of PAPs across RE‐AIM framework dimensions. Evidence‐based advocacy along with political will and evidence of scalability and impact were key for successful launch and implementation of all PAPs. Diverse adaptations of PAP design and implementation had to be done across contexts. Stronger process and impact monitoring and evaluation systems that track equity indicators are needed to maximize the population benefits of these PAPs. Implementation science offers an important contribution toward addressing knowledge gaps, enhancing obesity policy dialogue, and producing transferable lessons across the Americas and, therefore, should be used for research and evaluation during PAP development and throughout the implementation and maintenance phases.
Effect of exercise training on weight loss, body composition changes, and weight maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: An overview of 12 systematic reviews and 149 studies
Authors: Bellicha Alice , van Baak Marleen A. , Battista Francesca , Beaulieu Kristine , Blundell John E. , Busetto Luca , Carraça Eliana V. , Dicker Dror , Encantado Jorge , Ermolao Andrea , Farpour‐Lambert Nathalie , Pramono Adriyan , Woodward Euan , Oppert Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis overview of reviews aimed to summarize the effects of exercise training programs on weight loss, changes in body composition, and weight maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity. A systematic search of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (SR‐MAs) published between 2010 and December 2019 was performed. Only SR‐MAs of controlled trials were included. The mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) were extracted from SR‐MAs. Twelve SR‐MAs (149 studies) were included. Exercise led to a significant weight loss (4 SR‐MAs, MDs ranging from −1.5 to −3.5 kg), fat loss (4 SR‐MAs, MDs ranging from −1.3 to −2.6 kg) and visceral fat loss (3 SR‐MAs, SMDs ranging from −0.33 to −0.56). No difference in weight, fat, and visceral loss was found between aerobic and high‐intensity interval training as long as energy expenditure was equal. Resistance training reduced lean mass loss during weight loss (1 SR‐MA, MD: 0.8 [95%CI: 0.4–1.3] kg). No significant effect of exercise was found on weight maintenance (1 SR‐MA). These findings show favorable effects of exercise training on weight loss and body composition changes in adults with overweight or obesity. Visceral fat loss may lead to benefits for cardiometabolic health. More research is needed to identify training modalities that promote weight maintenance.
Comprehensive Interventions Including Vitamin D Effectively Reduce the Risk of Falls in Elderly Osteoporotic Patients
Authors: Feng Fei , Shi Guan , Chen Hao , Jia Pu , Bao Li , Xu Feng , Sun Qin‐chao , Tang Hai 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of different intervention measures to prevent falls in elderly osteoporotic patients.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted in our outpatient ward from August 2014 to September 2015. A total of 420 patients over 60 years of age were assigned to four groups. NA VitD group took 800 mg calcium and 800 IU non‐active vitamin D. P‐NA VitD group took 800 mg calcium, 800 IU non‐active vitamin D, and received physical exercise. A VitD group took 800 mg calcium and 0.5 μg active vitamin D. P‐A VitD took 800 mg calcium, 0.5 μg active vitamin D, and received physical exercise. Physical exercise includes guidance in improving muscle strength and balance ability. Short physical performance battery (SPPB), grip strength, modified falls efficacy scale (MFES), blood calcium, and 25‐hydroxyl vitamin D were measured before interventions and at 3, 6, and 12 months after interventions. Bone mineral density (BMD) was detected before interventions and at 12 months after interventions. The incidence of falls and fractures, adverse events, and drug reactions were recorded for 12 months.ResultsA total of 420 patients were allocated in the four groups: 98 cases into the NA VitD group (11 males, 87 females), 97 cases into the P‐NA VitD group (13 males, 84 females), 99 cases in the A VitD group (15 males, 84 females), and 98 cases into the P‐A VitD group (11 males, 87 females). At 6 months after interventions, the SPPB of A VitD group significantly increased from 6.9 ± 1.9 to 8.0 ± 2.4 (P < 0.05), and the SPPB of A VitD group significantly increased from 7.2 ± 2.1 to 8.6 ± 1.7 (P < 0.05). At 6 months after interventions, MFES of P‐NA VitD group 7.0 ± 1.6 to 7.6 ± 1.6 (P < 0.05), and MFES of P‐A VitD group significantly increased from 6.7 ± 1.6 to 7.5 ± 1.6 (P < 0.05). At 12 months after interventions, SPPB of all groups, grip strength, and MFES of P‐NA VitD group, A VitD group, P‐A VitD group were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The BMD of lumbar vertebrae of A VitD group significantly increased from 0.742 ± 0.042 to 0.776 ± 0.039, and P‐A VitD group significantly increased from 0.743 ± 0.048 to 0.783 ± 0.042 (P < 0.05). No serious adverse events occurred during the 12 months of follow‐up.ConclusionActive vitamin D is better than non‐active vitamin D to improve physical ability and the BMD of lumbar vertebrae and reduce the risk of falls.
Gongylolepis martiana, an Asteraceae pollinated by bats in the Amazon
Authors: Amorim M. D. , Costa D. da S. , Krahl D. R. P. , Fischer E. , Rech A. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Most Asteraceae species are pollinated by insects, mainly bees and butterflies, although pollination by birds has been documented and pollination by bats has been suggested for some species. Here, we investigated the pollination of Gongylolepis martiana, a species supposedly pollinated by bats.

We assessed floral traits and visitors in a population of G. martiana in the Brazilian Amazon, measuring pollen removal from anthers and deposition on stigmas by diurnal and nocturnal visitors.

Florets opened at dusk and lasted for 4 days, with the male phase starting on the first night and the female phase on the third night. Accumulated nectar per capitulum was 69.6 μl per night and sugar concentration was 15%. Nectar‐feeding bats and hummingbirds contacted the sexual parts, but pollen removal and deposition were greater throughout the night than during the day, when Meliponini bees considerably reduced pollen availability. Other nocturnal visitors of G. martiana were rare, including nocturnal bees and moths that foraged for pollen and nectar, respectively.

Our results support that nectarivorous bats are the main pollinators of G. martiana, confirming Vogel’s hypothesis of bat pollination in Asteraceae, particularly in the genus Gongylolepis. Since anthesis and each sexual floral phase started in the evening, nectarivorous bats and diurnal bees caused additive priority effects, preventing hummingbirds from being efficient pollinators. The high density of flowering individuals of G. martiana in patches from white‐sand forests likely increases bat attraction, while the small amount of nectar per plant favours cross‐pollination.
Can pupillometry distinguish accurate from inaccurate familiarity?
Authors: Gomes Carlos A. , Montaldi Daniela , Mayes Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPupillometry, the measurement of pupil diameter, has become increasingly popular as a tool to investigate human memory. It has long been accepted that the pupil is able to distinguish familiar from completely novel items, a phenomenon known as “pupil old/new effect”. Surprisingly, most pupillometric studies on the pupil old/new effect tend to disregard the possibility that the pupillary response to familiarity memory may not be entirely exclusive. Here, we investigated whether the pupillary response to old items correctly judged familiar (hits; accurate familiarity) can be differentiated from the pupillary response to new items wrongly judged familiar (false alarms; inaccurate familiarity). We found no evidence that the two processes could be isolated, as both accurate and inaccurate familiarity showed nearly identical mean and across‐time pupillary responses. However, both familiarity hits and false alarms showed pupillary responses unequivocally distinct from those observed during either recollection or novelty detection, which suggests that the pupil measure of familiarity hits and/or false alarms was sufficiently sensitive. The pupillary response to false alarms may have been partially driven by perceptual fluency, since novel objects incorrectly judged to be old (i.e., false alarms) showed a higher degree of similarity to studied images than items correctly judged as novel (i.e., correct rejections). Thus, our results suggest that pupil dilation may not be able to distinguish accurate from inaccurate familiarity using standard recognition memory paradigms, and they also suggest that the pupillary response during familiarity feelings may also partly reflect perceptual fluency.
Political Service through the Human Sciences: Woodson's Mis‐Education of the Negro as Political Philosophy
Authors: Meagher Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores Carter G. Woodson’s The Mis‐Education of the Negro in terms of its political philosophical content. It examines how Woodson’s account of the miseducation of Black people and the accordant miseducation of whites is involved in the production and reproduction of an unjust basic structure, with reference to John Rawls and Frantz Fanon. It then turns to Woodson’s critique of leadership and its relationship to miseducation, drawing on E. Franklin Frazier’s study of the Black bourgeoisie and the political philosophy of Enrique Dussel. Finally, it examines miseducation as a site for the reproduction of racist knowledge production in light of the work of Anténor Firmin and examines how, for Woodson, rigor in the human sciences was essential for counteracting miseducation and serving the greater cause of liberation.
Rightful Bargaining: Rural Women Making Claims for Social Provisions in China’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation Program1
Authors: Peng Rui Jie 
Published: May 2021

Previous studies of claims‐making on authoritarian states have focused on how the aggrieved use episodic protests to challenge the state’s authority or adopt alternative group strategies to circumvent repression. Few studies have thus far applied these insights regarding groups’ innovative strategies and their interactions with the state apparatuses to explore individuals’ claims‐making at the microlevel. Based on 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork in southwest China, this study analyzes how rural ethnic minority Qiang women actively engage various levels of government officials to demand enhanced social provisions. These women play off stereotypical gender assumptions about them to appear as nonthreatening subjects who accommodate state priorities for poverty alleviation and social stability. They also engage state officials and exploit (not always successfully) the government’s official rhetoric and internal divisions to secure much‐needed social provisions. I call this type of gendered individual claims‐making “rightful bargaining.” Yet, paradoxically, the study also reveals that, because the state’s legitimacy is founded precisely on economic growth and the appearance of popular consent, the incremental material gains these women achieve inadvertently reinforce the authoritarian regime’s overall legitimacy, domination, and control.
A proposal to minimize the cost of processing big geospatial data in public cloud providers
Authors: Bachiega João , Holanda Maristela , Araujo Aleteia P. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpatial data represent abstractions of real‐world entities and can be obtained in various ways. They have properties that differentiate them from other types of data, such as a complex structure and dynamism. In recent years with the increasing volume of spatial data, referred to as “big geospatial data,” some tools have been developed to process such data efficiently, such as SpatialHadoop. The use of appropriate data indices based on the data set to be processed, as well as queries and operations to be performed, is essential for the optimal performance of these applications. In particular, since public cloud providers’ charges are based on the resources used, it is imperative to optimize application execution in order to avoid unnecessary expense. This article proposes the use of six conditions that seek to minimize the cost of processing big geospatial data in public cloud providers. The tests performed demonstrate that the use of these conditions and the choice of the lowest‐cost provider can reduce the total processing cost by up to 41%.