bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of outdoor weathering and laundering on the detection and classification of fluorinated oil‐and‐water‐repellent fabric coatings
Authors: Dolan Michael J. , Jorabchi Kaveh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFluorinated polymer coatings are used to impart durable oil‐and‐water‐repellent properties on fabrics, potentially offering a persistent fiber characteristic for forensic fiber comparisons. To evaluate the persistence of these coatings, we investigate effects of outdoor weathering and laundering on detection and classification of the fluorinated oil‐and‐water‐repellent coatings on 9 garments and 2 spray‐coated fabric samples. Single fibers from the samples are pyrolyzed and subjected to gas chromatography coupled to a fluorine‐selective detector. The positive detection of coatings is indicated by a signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) >50 for the tallest peak in the pyrograms. Moreover, a multinomial logistic regression model trained using fibers prior to weathering and laundering is utilized to determine the class of the weathered and laundered fibers, providing a metric to evaluate the effect of these processes on fiber classification. Notably, fluorinated coatings are detected on all of the fibers exposed to outdoor elements in Arlington, VA, up to 12 weeks from August to October 2020, while a detection rate of 95.5% is achieved for samples laundered up to 10 wash cycles. The detection rate prior to weathering and laundering was 98%, indicating negligible effect of these processes on detection of coatings. The classification accuracy is determined to be 99% and 100% for weathered and laundered samples, respectively, illustrating that these processes do not significantly affect the major pyrolysis products of the coatings responsible for classification. These results highlight the persistence of the fluorinated oil‐and‐water‐repellent fabric coatings and their potential for forensic fiber discrimination at single‐fiber level.
Forensic analysis of Twitch video streaming activities on Android
Authors: AlZahrani Ali , Wani Mohamad Ahtisham , Bhat Wasim Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVideo streaming abuses range from copyright infringement and piracy to child sexual abuse and murder. This paper performs proactive forensics of Twitch video streaming activities on Android devices. We designed our experiments using a methodology based on black‐box testing principles and conducted them on Android devices using a forensic framework. The results of our experiments suggest that forensic investigators can extract evidences of streams broadcast, shared, and watched by the user, and associate them with the Twitch account of the user. We detail all the recoverable artifacts of forensic significance, provide mechanisms to extract them based on the identified anchors, and interpret their significance in forensic investigations.
Weaving together: Decolonising global citizenship education in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: McLennan Sharon J. , Forster Margaret , Hazou Rand 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 2017, as part of a restructuring of the Bachelor of Arts degree, Massey University introduced the compulsory second‐year citizenship course Tū Rangaranga: Global Encounters. Tū Rangaranga is a Māori word meaning to weave together or establish connections. The course explores citizenship from a global perspective with a focus on rights and responsibilities. In the course, students are encouraged both to reflect on the multiple factors shaping their identities, including Aotearoa New Zealand's colonial past, and to locate themselves in relation to complex global problems. This decolonial approach to curricula and pedagogy enables a greater commitment to Māori perspectives related to citizenship. This commitment is reflected in the weaving together of Māori and Western epistemologies in the course design and content. The course was developed in the context of a university that subsequently expressed a commitment to becoming a Tiriti‐led university and to abide by its obligations under the Treaty of Waitangi, recognising the indigeneity and rights of Māori people. The decolonial imperative underscoring the teaching of this course was to enhance forms of collective reflection and action to address issues of cultural exclusion and disadvantage associated with colonial legacies that privilege Western epistemologies within curricula and pedagogy.
Changing routine activities and the decline of youth crime: A repeated cross‐sectional analysis of self‐reported delinquency in Sweden, 1999–2017*
Authors: Svensson Robert , Oberwittler Dietrich 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examines the declining crime trend among Swedish adolescents between 1999 and 2017 using data from eight repeated cross‐sectional waves of a nationally representative school survey (N = ca. 49,000). We examined to what extent changes in parental monitoring, school bonds, attitudes toward crime, routine activities, and binge drinking were related to the noticeable decline in youth crime. Multilevel modeling was employed for the analysis of temporal trends. We found strong empirical support for our hypotheses, that is, that changes in social bonds, attitudes toward crime, and routine activities were all associated with the decline in youth crime. Routine activities had the strongest explanatory power, and all predictors combined accounted for most of the variance attributed to the decline in youth crime. This study moves research on the crime drop closer to the analysis of social mechanisms by demonstrating that micro‐level associations between theoretically relevant, proximal variables, and delinquency account for macro‐level change.
Purification and characterization of a novel angiotensin I‐converting enzyme‐inhibitory peptide derived from Alaska pollack skins
Authors: Yang Guilan , Qin Song , Li Wenjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrolysates containing angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory peptide were prepared from protein of Alaska pollack skins using alcalase and trypsin. The protein hydrolysate was separated by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G‐25 gel filtration chromatography and reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), from which a novel purified peptide was obtained. Both random coil structure and β‐sheet in the purified peptide were revealed in Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The amino sequence of the purified peptide was identified as GPLGVP, VLYPVK, VFLENVLR, and FEEF by HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS (HPLC‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry). The peptide GPLGVP whose molecular weight was 538.31 Da showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 105.8 µM). The purified peptide featured a noncompetitive inhibition kinetic mechanism was shown in the Lineweaver–Burk plots and was susceptible to enzymes as indicated in the studies on stability of gastrointestinal proteases. Moreover, the peptide GPLGVP can combine ACE catalytic pocket through hydrogen bonds and other forces with high binding power as disclosed in molecular docking simulation, which provides the inhibitory effect of GPLGVP on ACE.
Integrated Radiolarian and Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Middle to Late Permian Linghao Formation in Northwestern Guangxi, South China
Authors: ZHANG Lei , WU Jun , YUAN Dongxun , FOREL Marie Béatrice , CHANG Shan , KHAN Maliha Zareen , FENG Qinglai , HE Weihong , MA Qiangfen , DANELIAN Taniel , CARIDROIT Martial , ITO Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Permian radiolarian zones and their correlations with conodont zones or other chronostratigraphic schemes are still under debate. In this study, four genera, 21 species and two subspecies of radiolarians together with one genus and six species of conodonts were recovered from the Linghao Formation cropping out at the Longwangpo (LWP) section, northwestern Guangxi, South China. Six radiolarian interval zones and one abundance zone are recognized in the section, namely in ascending order, theFollicucullus scholasticus, Albaillella cavitata, A. protolevis, A. levis, A. excelsa, A. triangularisInterval zones andA. yaoiAbundance Zone. They are correlated with theClarkina dukouensis, C. guangyuanensisandC. orientalisconodont zones recognized at the same section. Based on our data, theF. scholasticusInterval Zone and the lowermost part ofA. cavitataInterval Zone are recognized to be upper Capitanian age, whereas the fourAlbaillellaInterval zones are of Lopingian age (Wuchiapingian to the late Changhsingian). Two previously known Changhsingian radiolarian zones, namely theA. triangularisandA. yaoiInterval zones, should be extended down to the uppermost Wuchiapingian in this studied section.
Tectonic Characteristics, Evolution, and Significance of the Zhouwang Fault, Lower Yangtze Area, Eastern China
Authors: ZHANG Gang , CHEN Guangtao , REN Shenglian , GE Can , LIN Shoufa , SONG Chuanzhong , LI Longming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFault geometry, kinematics, geophysics, the tectonic stress field and tectonic evolution of the Zhouwang fault in the southern Jiangnan tectonic transition zone of the Lower Yangtze region, eastern China are examined. Field observations show the fault is composed of a series of nearly E–W trending, N–S dipping faults, and four stages of tectonism (sinistral strike‐slip, thrust nappe, normal fault, and dextral strike‐slip) developed in turn. Geophysical data show that the fault trends almost linearly E–W along a flat, steep gravity gradient at shallow depth, with distinct gravity anomalies to the north and south and different in the north and south. Also, the deep part is characterized by northward dip and a gradual slowing down. Tectonic stress field analysis indicates that the fault experienced four tectonic movements: NNE–SSW compression, NNW–SSE compression, NEE–SWW extension, and E–W compression. Combined with regional tectonic background and previous research results, this indicates that: (1) the Zhouwang fault experienced sinistral strike‐slip movement during the Indosinian Period (260–200 Ma); (2) thrust nappes developed during the early Yanshanian Period (163–145 Ma); (3) a normal fault occurred in the late Yanshanian Period (125–65 Ma); and (4) dextral strike‐slip movement occurred in the Himalayan Period (ca. 50–37 Ma). The results reveal the tectonic evolution of the fault during Mesozoic deformation in the area, and also reveal the geological evolution and tectonic transformation of the Lower Yangtze region, which is key to our understanding of intracontinental deformation in eastern China.
Reservoir Characteristics of Fine‐grained Sedimentary Rocks in Saline Lakes in the Cenozoic Upper Ganchaigou Formation, Southwestern Qaidam Basin, NW China
Authors: SHENG Jun , LIU Jincheng , LI Yunlong , ZOU Haiyan , LONG Anlin , WANG Lin , LI Jiyong , QI Qingshan , YANG Xiaojing , LI Yanan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCenozoic fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in the southwestern Qaidam Basin, as typical salinized lacustrine sediments, are significantly different from those in other freshwater lakes under the impact of the high salinity in the lake. Many fine‐grained sedimentary rock samples were selected from the lower member of Neogene (N1) in the Gaskule Oilfield, Qaidam Basin, northwest China, with the aim to analyze and test their petrology, pore structure, and organic geochemical characteristics and determine its genesis and geological significance. Based on previous results, a new genesis of mixed sedimentary rocks is proposed. The Cenozoic lacustrine fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin belong to mixed sedimentary rocks, which can be divided into three types, including carbonate and terrigenous clastic‐bearing mudstone, carbonate‐bearing to terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary rocks, and carbonate‐terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary rocks. The geneses of mixing are quite different from that of mixed marine rocks. According to the sedimentary characteristics of the salinized lakes, three new geneses of mixed deposits are proposed: syn‐sedimentary mixing, varve interbedded mixing, and biogenic mixing. The reservoir spaces of the Cenozoic lacustrine fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin include residual intergranular pores, intercrystalline pores, microfractures, and minor dissolved pores. The reservoirs have super‐low porosity and ultra‐low permeability, with a porosity of 1.82%–21.04%, averaging 7.71%, and permeability of (0.0028–254.86) × 10–3 μm2, averaging 2.82 × 10–3 μm2. The test results of total organic carbon (TOC) content show that the highest content of organic carbon reached 1.41%, and those of vitrinite reflectance show that Ro ranges from 0.525%–0.824%, with an average of 0.806%. The organic geochemical characteristics show that the fine‐grained mixed sedimentary rocks of SW Qaidam Basin have the potential for self‐generation and self‐storage. As an unconventional reservoir, it has potential industrial value. This is the first study of fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in the Qaidam Basin, which offers certain theoretical and practical values.
New Early Cambrian Maikhanellids (Mollusca) from Zhangjiagou Section, South Shaanxi, China
Authors: ZHANG Ya'nan , LIU Yunhuan , SHAO Tiequan , WANG Qi , QIN Jiachen , ZHANG Wei , LIANG Tanxing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new maikhanellid genus,Totornatusgen. nov., from the Lower Cambrian (Fortunian Stage) of Zhangjiagou section at Xixiang County, southern Shaanxi Province, South China, is based on a new taxonT. strigatusgen. et sp. nov. Although showing similar morphology with a cap‐shaped shell and an oval aperture to other members of the family, the new species differs from previous maikhanellids in its smooth apex. The apical field consists of dense, small, round or oval granules, which gradually merge to bigger, elongated, scale‐like protrusions toward the apertural margin. On this basis, we establishTotornatus strigatus, which shows a transverse groove in two‐ninths of its shell. This result enriches the diversity of the earliest mollusks and maikhanellids.
New Discovery of Oligocene Gastropod Opercula from the Yehucheng Formation in Northwestern China
Authors: LI Zhaoyu , LI Yongxiang , ZHANG Yunxiang , XIE Kun , LI Zhichao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFourteen species of nonmarine gastropod opercula are found to be in high abundance in the Oligocene upper member of the Yehucheng Formation, Lanzhou Basin, northwest China. They are attributed to two families, namely Bithyniidae and Assimineidae, and four genera, namely Pseudemmericia, Bithynia, Mirolaminatus and Assiminea. Among them, three species are new, and they are Bithynia paramonolithic sp. nov., B. obliquus sp. nov., and B. disregularis sp. nov. Some of these species were first discovered in Paleogene strata of the vast Northwest China and can be compared with the opercula recovered from the Paleogene deposits in East and South China. It is inferred from the paleontology and sediment associations that the climate was slightly humid and the fauna probably inhabited the fresh or brackish water of a shallow lake in the Lanzhou Basin during the late early Oligocene period.
Shale Gas Reservoir Evaluation by Geophysical Measurements: A Case Study of the Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian in the Fenggang Block, Northern Guizhou Province
Authors: XIA Peng , FU Yong , GUO Chuan , YANG Zhen , HUANG Jinqiang , MOU Yuliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the aid of geophysical measurements, including seventeen two‐dimensional (2D) seismic lines and the well logging curves of well FGY1, the structure and reservoir characteristics of the Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian strata in the Fenggang block, northern Guizhou Province, were analyzed thoroughly to identify desert areas and favorable intervals. The results show that Longmaxi‐Wufeng is the most prospect‐rich formation, consisting of a thick succession of overmature black shale, this formation remaining partially in the Suiyang, Fenggang and Jianchaxi synclines. The Longmaxi‐Wufeng shale, especially the lower member, was deposited in a reducing low‐energy environment with relatively high U content and a low Th/U value. In this shale, the organic matter type (sapropelic and humic‐sapropelic), total organic carbon (TOC) content, gas content, gas adsorption capacity, vitrinite reflectance and brittle mineral content are profitable for shale gas preservation and development. The fractures of this shale were closed because of its high overburden pressure. The gas adsorption capacity of this shale increases with increasing TOC content and Ro. In the Longmaxi‐Wufeng Formation at well FGY1, the most favorable intervals are in the depth ranges of 2312.4–2325.1 m and 2325.8–2331.1 m.
Gold and Base Metals Associated with Uranium Mineralization in Some Lower Carboniferous Rock Units in the Wadi Abu El Mogheirat Area, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
Authors: SALLAM Osama R. , ALSHAMI Abdalla S. , ABBAS Abd Elhadi A. , GUIBAL E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Lower Carboniferous sediments at Wadi Abu El Mogheirat consist of four stratigraphic formations, from base upwards: Um Bogma, El Hashash, Magharet El Maiah and Abu Zarab formations. The most‐concentrated radioactive anomalies at Wadi Abu El Mogheirat are in the middle member of the Um Bogma Formation. The gibbsitic marl in this formation shows the highest uranium contents (around 710 ppm). Gibbsitic marl and black gibbsite of the middle Um Bogma Formation show higher enrichment in Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, U, V, Ce and Th. Black gibbsite contains the highest total rare earth elements concentration, especially in terms of LREEs, while gibbsitic marl contains the highest content of HREEs. Anomalous contents of gold at Wadi Abu El Mogheirat are recorded for the first time in the gibbsitic marl (content: 10.4 ppm), black gibbsite (2.8 ppm) of the middle member of the Um Bogma Formation and in the siltstones of the El Hashash Formation (0.6 ppm). Gibbsitic marl shows the presence of uranothorite, celestite, zircon, atacamite, barite, xenotime and rutile. These characteristic demonstrate that the middle member of the Um Bogma Formation constitutes a potential source for gold. This conclusion is reinforced by the potential to exploit other metals such as Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, U, V, Th and Ce as by‐products.
A multicenter longitudinal study of the prevalence and mortality rate of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Oman: Oman Lupus Study
Authors: Al‐Adhoubi Nasra K. , Al‐Balushi Farida , Al Salmi Issa , Ali Maha , Al Lawati Talal , Al Lawati Batool S. H. , Abdwani Reem , Al Shamsi Ali , Al Kaabi Juma , Al Mashaani Musallam , Krishna Jha Divij , Sayed Sherin , Al‐Araimi Tariq , Liyanage Prabha , Al Shirawi Ali , Al Wahshi Humaid A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThis study is a longitudinal multicenter study which aims to find the prevalence, the demographic data, survival and mortality rates of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Oman.MethodAll Omani patients, pediatrics and adults diagnosed with SLE, who fulfill either the 1997 American College of Rheumatology or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classifications criteria for SLE were included from January 2006 till February 2020.ResultsIn total 1160 patients were included in this cohort. Data analysis showed that patient’s ages ranged from 2‐82 years with female predominance and female‐to‐male ratio of 7:1 (87.7% female,12.3% male). The mean prevalence of SLE among different age groups was 38.8 (range 5‐63 per 100 000 inhabitants). The mortality rate was found to be 5%. Male patients had significantly higher mortality rate than females (7.6% vs 5.4%, P value = .04). Sepsis was the commonest cause of mortality (34%). The coexistence of systemic sclerosis correlates significantly with death (P = .002). Survival analysis in our data showed 5, 10, 20, 40‐year survival rates of 100%, 100%, 99% and 90% respectively for antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive patients and lower survival rate for ANA negative patients with 5,10, 20, 40‐year survival rates of 100, 99%, 99% and 75%, respectively.ConclusionThis study showed that the mean prevalence of SLE in Oman to be 38.8 (range 5‐63) per 100 000 inhabitants. The 40‐year survival rate among patients with positive ANA was found to be 90%, while patients with negative ANA had worse survival outcomes.
Managing adverse selection: underinsurance versus underenrollment
Authors: Saltzman Evan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdverse selection in insurance markets may lead some consumers to underinsure or too few consumers to purchase insurance relative to the socially optimal level. I study whether common government policy interventions can mitigate both underinsurance and underenrollment due to adverse selection. I establish conditions under which there exists a tradeoff in addressing underinsurance and underenrollment. I then estimate a model of the California ACA insurance exchange using consumer‐level data to quantify the welfare impact of risk adjustment and the individual mandate. I find (1) risk adjustment reduces underinsurance, but reduces enrollment and (2) the mandate increases enrollment, but increases underinsurance.
Ecological insights into a charismatic bird using different citizen science approaches
Authors: Hall Matthew J. , Martin John M. , Burns Alicia L. , Hochuli Dieter F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCitizen science projects provide valuable ecological data owing to their capacity to collect a wide variety of data at scales that would be difficult to achieve through traditional methods. A trade‐off exists between the complexity of data collected and participation, with projects typically falling into a continuum between documenting the presence of species at a location, through to the collection of detailed ecological data using complex protocols. Researchers must balance an approach that suits their aims with maximising participation. However, the ability of different citizen science approaches to collected detailed ecological data for a target species is poorly understood. We compared the number of participants and amount of data collected from the three projects to explore different citizen science approaches for focal species research. We examine data for the Australian brush‐turkey (Alectura lathami) from two open survey citizen science projects and one focal species project: iNaturalist, eBird and BrushTurkeys. Over a period of 18 months, eBird recorded the greatest number of participants (n = 1861) and presence records of brush‐turkeys (n = 17810). Across the three projects participation varied significantly with an average of 1.95 (range = 1–65), 9.6 (range = 1–389) and 4.7 (range = 1–331) reports per citizen scientist, respectively. The targeted BrushTurkeys project collected specific ecological data including counts, sex and behaviours in a higher proportion of sightings and recorded the largest number of nest mound reports compared with eBird and iNaturalist. We confirm that engaging an active group of participants produced the largest amount of data (eBird), including reports per participant. Ecologically, the most detailed information on habitat use and behaviours came from the focal citizen science project (BrushTurkeys). We conclude that seeking opportunities to grow and actively engage existing citizen science communities to report more detailed ecological information is likely to produce more detailed and informative data set.