bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of NMDA receptors by agmatine is followed by GABA/glutamate balance in benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Rafi Hira , Rafiq Hamna , Farhan Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Drug withdrawal syndrome occurs due to abrupt cessation of an addictive substance. Dependence to diazepam can be manifested by withdrawal syndrome which may include symptoms such as irritability, psychosis, sleep disturbance, seizures, mood disturbance, and anxiety. Studies have described the therapeutic role of agmatine in various neurological disorders such as depressive mood, learning deficits, anxiety, memory impairment, and psychosis. Various studies have also validated agmatine as a putant neuromodulator and revealed its mechanism of action with other neurotransmitters. The study was designed to reveal the potentials of agmatine in benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome by maintaining GABA/glutamate balance. The study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism of action of agmatine at synaptic level using behavioral and biochemical evaluations.

Results
Agmatine significantly enhanced locomotion in open filed test and decreased anxiety as observed in elevated plus maze test (p < 0.01). Agmatine also reduced withdrawal symptoms scores along with compulsive behaviors in marble burying test and improved muscular strength by decreasing latency to fall in inverted screen test (p < 0.01). Moreover, agmatine established GABA/glutamate balance by increasing GABA levels and decreased glutamate concentration significantly (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
The present study reveals the possible mechanism of action of agmatine on NMDA receptor at GABA interneurons and glutamate post synaptic neuron that may lead to GABA/glutamate balance during withdrawal syndrome.
Pre-existing Thyroiditis Ameliorates Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Insights From a New Mouse Model
Authors: Pani Fabiana , Yasuda Yoshinori , Di Dalmazi Giulia , Chalan Paulina , Gabrielson Kathleen , Adamo Luigi , Sabini Elena , Mariotti Stefano , Caturegli Patrizio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) often co-occurs with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an association that has long been reported in clinical studies yet remains controversial. Some studies, in fact, have suggested a protective effect of thyroiditis while others have not. We generated a mouse model where PTC and thyroiditis develop in a predictable manner, combining the oncogenic drive of the BRAFv600E mutation (inducible by tamoxifen) to the thyroiditis susceptibility of the NOD.H2h4 strain (inducible by iodine). A total of 113 NOD.H2h4_TPO-CRE-ER_BRAFV600E mice (50 followed throughout lifetime and 63 sacrificed at 16 weeks post tamoxifen) were used to determine whether the PTC phenotype differs when thyroiditis precedes or coincides with the onset of PTC. Mice with pre-existing thyroiditis lived longer (median survival of 28.2 weeks post tamoxifen) than those with concomitant (25.6 weeks) or no (24.5 weeks) thyroiditis (P &lt; 0.01 by Laplace regression). PTC developed less frequently (33%) in the pre-existing thyroiditis group than the concomitant (100%) or no (100%) thyroiditis groups (P &lt; 0.001 by chi-squared) and showed less aggressive histopathological features. The intratumoral mononuclear cell infiltration was more prominent in mice with pre-existing thyroiditis (P = 0.002 vs the other groups) and sustained by a significant expansion of effector memory CD8 + T cells and CD19 + B cells. These findings shed light on the controversial PTC-thyroiditis association and emphasize the contribution of intratumoral T and B lymphocytes to the evolution of PTC.
High-frequency Multiphase 4DCT for the Detection of Parathyroid Adenomas: A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Raeymaeckers Steven , De Brucker Yannick , Tosi Maurizio , Buls Nico , De Mey Johan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

4-Dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) for the detection of (an) enlarged parathyroid(s) is a commonly performed examination in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism. In our center, we introduced a high-frequency multiphase 4DCT protocol obtaining 16 phases, including 11 different arterial phases. Exposure to this multiphase 4DCT technique is similar to that for classic helical 4DCT. In this pictorial essay we reconstructed our multiphase 4DCT series in the manner of a classic helical 4DCT and compare both techniques. We illustrate how multiphase 4DCT may aid in the detection of parathyroid adenomas. We found 17 out of 19 lesions demonstrating a type A pattern of enhancement, therefore suggesting this pattern could be more prevalent than previously thought. Some parathyroid adenomas may be mistaken for enlarged lymph nodes using classic 4DCT whereas high-frequency multiphase 4DCT can detect a temporary rise in enhancement, thus suggesting the lesions in question to be of parathyroid origin. Smaller lesions may prove more obvious as the difference in enhancement between parathyroid and thyroid can become more prominent.

Key Point
Using high-frequency multiphase 4DCT an arterial phase with maximum enhancement of parathyroid tissue can be defined. This phase may aid in the detection of parathyroid adenomas.
The Relevance of Preoperative Identification of the Adamkiewicz Artery in Posterior Mediastinal Pediatric Tumors
Authors: Schmidt Andreas , Hempel Johann-Martin , Ellerkamp Verena , Warmann Steven W. , Ernemann Ulrike , Fuchs Jörg 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Injury to the artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) during surgery may lead to spinal cord ischemia and severe neurologic complications. Posterior mediastinal tumors may be adjacent to AKA, but data on preoperative visualization of AKA in children are rare. This study analyzed the importance of identifying the AKA preoperatively by spinal digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in children with posterior mediastinal tumors for therapeutic procedure.

Methods
Between 2002 and 2021, 36 children with posterior mediastinal tumors were evaluated for surgery at the authors’ clinic. In 10 children with left-sided or bilateral tumor located at vertebral levels T8 to L1, spinal DSA was performed during preoperative workup to assess AKA. The patient and tumor characteristics as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were analyzed.

Results
The median age of the 10 children at examination was 69 months (range, 16–217 months). Three of the children were younger than 2 years. The tumor entities were neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, local relapse of a hepatocellular carcinoma, and neurofibroma. The AKA was identified in all cases, and proximity to the tumor was detected in four patients, three of whom had their planned surgery changed to irradiation. No complications occurred during spinal DSA or surgery.

Conclusions
In posterior mediastinal pediatric tumors, spinal DSA is a safe and reliable method for preoperative visualization of the AKA. It can show proximity to the tumor and guide the local therapy, thereby avoiding critical intra- and postoperative situations.
IMPLIKASI PENGGUNAAN KATA KONJUNGSI “DAN” SERTA “ATAU” DAN “MELAWAN HUKUM” DALAM PEMIDANAAN
Authors: Bahar Muhamad Ghifari Fardhana 
Published: July 2021

Bahasa memiliki peran yang sangat vital dalam hukum, hal ini dikarenakan dalam pembentukan hukum diperlukan bahasa. Bahasa hukum memiliki karakteristik berupa pernyataan, memerintah, melarang, dan membolehkan. Dalam membaca bahasa hukum (undang-undang) perlu memaknainya sebaik mungkin. Tulisan ini menilik tentang cara merumuskan delik dan memaknai kata konjungsi dan, atau, serta melawan hukum dalam delik pidana. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberi kejelasan fungsi kata dan, atau, serta melawan hukum agar tidak terjadi miskonsepsi gramatikal dalam membentuk perundang-undangan pidana kedepannya. Konjungsi kata dan serta atau menimbulkan polemik tersendiri ketika memaknai delik pidana. Para sarjana hukum harus memperhatikan kata dan serta atau karena terkadang kata-kata tersebut memiliki makna dan fungsi yang berbeda. Selain itu, kata melawan hukum pun perlu diperhatikan karena dapat berimplikasi terhadap pembuktian di persidangan.
A novel variant in the COL4A3 gene: etiology of Alport syndrome type 2 in a 38-year-old male with suspected hereditary kidney disease
Authors: Sienes Bailo Paula , Bancalero Flores José Luis , Lahoz Alonso Raquel , Santamaría González María , Gutiérrez Dalmau Alex , Álvarez de Andrés Sara , Izquierdo Álvarez Silvia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with Alport syndrome develop progressive kidney function deterioration, sensorineural hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. This condition is caused by mutations in COL4A5 (X-linked inheritance), COL4A3 and COL4A4 (autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance), and encoding type IV collagen α3, α4, and α5, respectively. If left untreated, clinical symptoms progress from microscopic hematuria to proteinuria, progressive kidney failure, and end-stage kidney disease. At present, kidney transplantation is the only effective approach. Next-generation sequencing is the method of choice for the diagnosis of this condition.

Case presentation
We report the case of a young man with chronic kidney disease who eventually underwent transplantation. Molecular testing made it possible to determine the etiology of his clinical symptoms and autosomal recessive Alport syndrome type 2. The patient was found to be a compound heterozygote for two missense variants (trans configuration) in the COL4A3 gene: A likely pathogenic variant c.4981C>T (p.Arg1661Cys) in exon 52 inherited from the mother (described elsewhere), and another variant of uncertain significance, c.943G>A (p.Gly315Ser), in exon 17 inherited from the father that has not been previously reported in the literature or found in relevant databases.

Conclusions
Following genetic confirmation, genetic counseling was provided to the patient and his direct relatives.
The Role of Anti-Establishment Orientations During the Trump Presidency
Authors: Enders Adam M. , Uscinski Joseph E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrowing levels of polarization and out-group hostility have become fashionable explanations for the caustic politics of the Trump presidency. However, partisan and ideological identities cannot explain popular attraction to Trump’s anti-elite and populist rhetoric, nor can polarization and sorting account for rising levels of mass identification as political independents. In light of these discrepancies, we offer an explanation for the Trump era unrelated to traditional left-right identities and ideologies: anti-establishment orientations. We argue that much of what is interpreted as an expression of partisan and ideological extremism or polarization is actually the product of a deep-seated antagonism toward the broader political establishment. We first exhibit the individual-level correlates of anti-establishment orientations, finding that people holding strong anti-establishment views exhibit relatively high levels of anti-social personality traits and distrust of others. We then show that anti-establishment orientations are more predictive than left-right orientations of beliefs in conspiracy theories regarding COVID-19, QAnon, and voter fraud. Most importantly, we demonstrate that, while anti-establishment orientations are positively related to support for Donald Trump, they are negatively related to support for Joe Biden and both major parties. In short, the toxicity emblematic of the Trump era—support for outsider candidates, belief in conspiracy theories, corrosive rhetoric, and violence—are derivative of antipathy towards the established political order, rather than a strict adherence to partisan and ideological dogma. We conclude that Trump’s most powerful and unique impact on American electoral politics is his activation, inflammation, and manipulation of preexisting anti-establishment orientations for partisan ends.
Compact rat-race ring coupler with modified T type capacitor loading
Authors: He Jun , Qi Shi-Kai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A compact rat-race ring coupler with modified T type capacitor loading is presented in this paper. Two variable parameters are added to the conventional T type capacitor loading structure, and adjusting these two parameters can control the position and width of harmonic suppression stop-band. The new coupler effective reduces the occupied area to 14.1% of the conventional one. The design is validated both by simulation and measurement.
Effects of periodic cavitation on steam–water flow regime transition and mixing near steam nozzle exit
Authors: Ullah Atta , Khan Afrasyab , Zwawi Mohammed , Algarni Mohammed , Felemban Bassem F. , Bahadar Ali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Supersonic steam injection from underwater vehicles into surrounding bulk water exhibits the formation of coherent structures due to the interfacial interaction between the steam and water. The mixing between the two is a function of the rate of growth of shear layer. In present work, experimental study is conducted with minor contribution from the CFD, to highlight the phenomena associated to the high-pressure steam injection into a pool of water under the influence of periodic cavitation which occurs near the steam's nozzle exit with its opening being at right angle to the opening of the exit nozzle. PIV setup along with piezoelectric acoustic emission sensors as well as LM35 temperature sensors and pitot tubes were applied to characterize the growth of the shear layer as a function of periodic cavitation with a range of steam's operating pressure. Based on the normalized shear growth rate as well as the Strouhal number and the normalized pitot thickness, the effect of rising in the cavitation on the variations of the thickness of the shear layer was studied. It was observed that higher area under the influence of the shear layer was due to the domination of the coherent flow structures, which influenced improved mixing between the steam and water. Comparison of our data with the available shear growth rate in literature shows good agreement when compared as a function of Mach number.
English and Spanish speakers’ interpretations of L2 Chinese applicative double object constructions
Authors: Huang Yuhsin , Yuan Boping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article reports an empirical study investigating whether English and Spanish speakers can reconstruct thematic structures in their second language (L2) grammars of Chinese Double Object Constructions. Data collected from an acceptability judgement task and an animation matching task suggest that learners are able to reconstruct L2 grammars to accommodate new target properties. However, it is also found that learners have difficulty removing thematic relations transferred from their first language (L1), implying that adult L2 grammars might permanently deviate from grammars of native speakers. The difficulty is accounted for on the basis of Yuan's (2014) Dormant-Feature Hypothesis, which assumes Full Transfer and that if the input provides no evidence confirming or disconfirming the transferred property, the property will lose its vigour and become dormant. This dormant status leads to random behaviours in L2 judgements and interpretations. This is confirmed in this study, in which English speakers are found to transfer one interpretation of indirect objects from their L1 and Spanish speakers are found to transfer two interpretations from their L1 that are not instantiated in the target language Chinese. Due to the misleading evidence in the Chinese input that shares surface similarity with the transferred property, English speakers are hindered from restructuring their L2 grammars, and the transferred interpretation remains active. On the other hand, the absence of informative evidence in the Chinese input leaves the two transferred interpretations to a dormant status in Spanish speakers’ L2 Chinese grammars.
‚Klarheit‘ als kommunikatives Ideal
Authors: Seifert Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Die Neue Typographie – eine einflussreiche avantgardistische Stilrichtung innerhalb der Schriftgestaltung, deren Vertreter in den Zwanzigerjahren eine grundlegende Reform unter funktionalen Gesichtspunkten anstrebten und durchsetzten – ist bislang lediglich aus kunst- und kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Perspektive beschrieben worden. Die typographische Gestaltung ist jedoch ein genuin linguistischer Gegenstand, da sie semiotisches Potenzial besitzt und zur Konstitution von Textstrukturen und zur Lesemotivation beiträgt. Im Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass die Vertreter der Neuen Typographie programmatische Vorstellungen formuliert haben, die in einem weiteren Sinne auch die rhetorisch-sprachliche Gestaltung von Drucksachen betrafen. Es wird daher für einen interdisziplinären, linguistisch fundierten Zugang zur adäquaten Analyse der entsprechend gestalteten Druckerzeugnisse plädiert.
Drucktypenwechsel als Hervorhebungspraxis historischer Zeitungen
Authors: Rastinger Nina C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich dem Phänomen des Drucktypenwechsels im Kontext historischer Zeitungen, wobei davon ausgegangen wird, dass typographische Aspekte den Sinn eines Textes wesentlich mitprägen können. So wird sowohl grundsätzlich nach der Funktion bzw. dem semiotischen Potenzial der Drucktype Antiqua gefragt, als auch speziell danach, welche Auskunft sie als „Indikator für die Wahrnehmung des sprachlich Fremden“ (Schulz 2012: 423) über die Sprachbewusstseinsgeschichte geben kann. Verfolgt werden diese Erkenntnisinteressen über eine korpuslinguistische Untersuchung des seit 1703 durchgängig erscheinenden Wien[n]erischen Diariums, das in Teilen bereits in Form eines DIGITARIUMs (Resch & Kampkaspar 2020) zur Verfügung steht. Diese empirische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Drucktypenwechsel gibt mitunter Hinweis darauf, dass sich in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts sowohl eine Abnahme der „Sensibilisierung für das Phänomen sprachlicher Fremdheit“ (Schulz 2012: 450) als auch eine semiotische Umkodierung der Drucktype Antiqua vollzogen hat.
Das amtliche Wörterverzeichnis des ersten gesamtdeutschen Regelwerks von 1901: Würdigung eines vergessenen Teils
Authors: Güthert Kerstin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Das 1901er-Regelwerk wird in einem direkten Vergleich mit dem geltenden amtlichen Regelwerk gemeinhin als defizitär eingestuft. Diese Einschätzung basiert auf der Annahme eines Primats des Regelteils. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt hieran an und bestimmt auf der Basis der Festlegungen zur Getrennt- und Zusammenschreibung Funktion und Verhältnis von Regelteil und Wörterverzeichnis des ersten gesamtdeutschen Regelwerks in seinem historischen Entstehungskontext. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das Regelwerk von 1901 einen anderen Weg in der Kodifikation beschreitet; während im Regelteil Regularitäten aufgezeigt und Kriterien zur Schreibungsfindung an die Hand gegeben werden, erfolgt die Kodifikation rechtschreibschwieriger Fälle über das Wörterverzeichnis.
Standardisierung in frühneuhochdeutschen Rechtsquellen
Authors: Aehnlich Barbara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Die Standardisierungsprozesse während der Frühen Neuzeit sind an vielen Textsorten beobachtbar, wobei die Entwicklung besser nachvollzogen werden kann, wenn historische Quellen immer wieder neu abgeschrieben oder gedruckt wurden. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt vier frühneuhochdeutsche Rechtsquellen in den Blick und beobachtet ihre Entwicklung über einen Druckzeitraum von fast 200 Jahren hinweg, um metatextuelle Auszeichnungspraktiken und graphematische Phänomene zu beschreiben. Zur digitalen Auswertung wird das semiautomatische Tool LAKomp herangezogen.
Sebald Heydens Formulae Puerilium Colloquiorum
Authors: Bopp Dominika , Rosenberger Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sebald Heydens Gesprächsbuch Formulae Puerilium Colloquiorum, 1526 in Nürnberg entstanden, war ursprünglich für den Lateinunterricht in den unteren Klassen der Nürnberger Sebaldusschule konzipiert. Das Lehrbuch besteht aus 27 lateinischen Dialogen, denen als Lernhilfe deutsche Übersetzungen beigegeben sind. Die Dialoge sind denkbar einfach konstruiert, mit zwei Gesprächspartnern und kurzen Sätzen, und legen Wert auf die Vermittlung des lateinischen Alltagswortschatzes, wie er in den Lateinschulen ab einem bestimmten Alter obligatorisch war. Doch weniger als ein Jahr nach seiner Entstehung verbreitete sich das Gesprächsbuch weit über den Nürnberger Raum hinaus, Drucke sind für das Jahr 1527 in Erfurt, Krakau und Straßburg nachweisbar. Bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts war das Werk über einen Großteil Mittel- und Osteuropas verbreitet, neben Latein und Hochdeutsch finden sich sehr schnell drei-, vier- bis fünfsprachige Ausgaben mit weiteren Sprachen wie Niederdeutsch, Polnisch, Tschechisch, Ungarisch, Französisch oder Russisch. Für den außerordentlichen Erfolg des Lehrwerkes spricht auch, dass Drucke bis ins späte 18. Jahrhundert belegt sind.
Der Beitrag wird sich mit den zahlreichen, durch die weite räumliche Verbreitung des Werkes bedingten Varianten im Bereich der Lexik in einigen ausgewählten Drucken beschäftigen. Die verschiedenen Varianten werden exemplarisch dokumentiert und die jeweilige Motivation für Bezeichnungswechsel nachgezeichnet. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass offensichtlich nicht immer nur sprachgeographische Gründe für solche Bezeichnungswechsel ausschlaggebend waren.
Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of communic acid from Juniperus phoenicea
Authors: Achir Mariam , Dakir Mohamed , El Makssoudi Abdelhakim , Belbachir Asmae , Adly Farida , Blaghen Mohamed , El Amrani Abdelaziz , JamalEddine Jamal , Bettach Naima 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
A mixture of Z and E communic acid is isolated for the first time from the cones of Juniperus phoenicea. Its biological activity was studied.

Methods
The plant material was extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane, the resulting extract was subjected to column chromatography (CC) on silica gel. The structure elucidation of the constituents of the isolated fraction was identified by comparison of its spectroscopic properties 1H and 13C NMR data with those reported in the literature. The antimicrobial assay of hexanic extract and isolated compounds was carried out by the disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods.

Results
A mixture of two diterpene acids isomers was isolated, with a high yield (68%). Their chemical structures were confirmed after comparing their spectral data with published reports. These natural products exhibited a significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested strains. Indeed, for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the inhibition zone diameters (36–37 mm) was better than penicillin, novobiocin, and amoxicillin. For Candida albicans activity, it show that the mixture possess an activity similar to that of Metrazol. Against Escherichia coli, the inhibitory activity was found less than Amoxicillin. This is the first report of isolation of communic acid from J. phoenicea.

Conclusions
These results showed that the cones of J. phoenicea were an important source of communic acid, and its hexanic extract had the greatest potential antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans.