bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Powered and Imperceptible Electronic Tattoos Based on Silk Protein Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotubes for Human–Machine Interfaces
Authors: Gogurla Narendar , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTriboelectric electronic skins (E‐skins) can be used as primary interactive devices for human–machine interfaces (HMIs). However, devices for seamless on‐skin operations must be soft and deformable, and attachable to and compatible with the skin. In this paper, a substrate‐free, skin‐compatible, skin‐attachable, mechanically deformable, and self‐powered E‐tattoo sticker consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silk nanofibers (SNFs) is presented. The E‐tattoo can be imperceptibly tattooed on the skin and removed with water. When the device touches naked skin, triboelectric signals are generated. Because of the micro‐to‐nano hierarchical pores (with high surface‐to‐volume ratios), contact‐induced electrification generates a power density of ≈6 mW m−2 and pressure sensitivity of ≈0.069 kPa−1. The power generated on the tattooed skin can activate small electronic devices. Moreover, whole‐body joint movements can be monitored and tactile movements can be mapped by reading the generated electrical signals. The presented E‐tattoo system can promote the development of flexible energy and sensor systems for self‐powered, energy‐autonomous, imperceptible E‐skin devices for HMIs and artificial intelligent robotics and prostheses.
NaNbO3‐(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 Lead‐Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Capacitors with Superior Energy‐Storage Performances via Multiple Synergistic Design
Authors: Xie Aiwen , Zuo Ruzhong , Qiao Zhenliang , Fu Zhengqian , Hu Tengfei , Fei Linfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectric (FE) ceramic capacitors have attracted increasing attention for their excellent energy‐storage performance. However, it is extremely difficult to achieve desirable comprehensive energy‐storage features required for industrial applications. In this work, very high recoverable energy density Wrec ≈ 8.73 J cm–3, high efficiency η ≈ 80.1%, ultrafast discharge rate of <85 ns, and temperature‐insensitive high Wrec and η (Wrec ≈ 5.73 ± 4% J cm–3, η ≈ 75 ± 6%, 25–200 °C) are simultaneously obtained in 0.68NaNbO3‐0.32(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 relaxor FE ceramics by introducing various polarization configurations in combination with microstructure modification. The structure mechanism for the excellent energy‐storage performance is disclosed by analyzing in situ structure evolution on multiple scales during loading/unloading by means of transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Both local regions consisting of different‐scale polar nanodomains and a nonpolar matrix, and local orthorhombic symmetry remaining with electric fields ensure a linear‐like polarization response within a wide field and temperature range owing to significantly delayed polarization saturation. The stabilization of orthorhombic FE phases rather than antiferroelectric orthorhombic phases in NaNbO3 after adding (Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 is also explored by means of X‐ray diffraction, dielectric properties, and selected area electron diffraction. In comparison with antiferroelectric ceramics, NaNbO3‐based relaxor FE ceramics provide a new solution to successfully design next‐generation pulsed power capacitors.
Organocatalyst‐promoted Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Michael Addition/Hemiketalization Reaction between Hydroxymaleimide and Quinone
Authors: Xiang Min , Li Chen‐Yi , Zhang Jian , Zou Ying , Huang Zhi‐Cheng , Li Wen‐Sheng , Wang Yi , Tian Fang , Wang Li‐Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn organocatalyst promoted diastereoselective and enantioselective Michael addition/hemiketalization reaction between hydroxymaleimides and quinones has been demonstrated. The catalytic protocol allows for the efficient and mild synthesis of a broad range of new and versatile dihydrobenzofurans containing chiral hemiketal and succinimide frameworks from readily available starting materials in moderate to excellent yields (up to 95%) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95 : 5 er) and diastereoselectivities (all with at least 99 : 1 dr).
Synthetic Approaches of Prelactone and Its Analogues: A Review
Authors: Tadiparthi Krishnaji , Devaroy Monisha J. L. , Panigrahi Amrita , Sakirolla Raghavendra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this review we have discussed the synthetic approaches of prelactones and their epimers from 1997 to date. The presence of unique molecular architecture and its high biological importance enhanced the research activity over the last two decades. Most of the syntheses involve either a chiral auxiliary, chiral pool or catalytic enantioselective approaches as a key step. Overall this review highlights the contribution from different research groups in the total synthesis of various prelactones.
Population history of Brazilian south and southeast shellmound builders inferred through dental morphology
Authors: Fidalgo Daniel , Hubbe Mark , Wesolowski Veronica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Southeast and South Coast of Brazil was inhabited during most of the Holocene by shellmound builders. Although there are cultural differences in the archaeological record between regions, it is still debatable how these differences may relate to different population histories. Here, we contribute to this discussion by exploring dental morphological affinities between several regional series.Materials and MethodsDental morphology of 385 individuals from 14 archaeological sites was analyzed using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Fifteen traits were used to explore morphological affinities among series through Euclidean distance, Mean Measure of Divergence, and Principal Component Analysis. Mantel matrix correlation and partial correlation tests were used to examine the association between biological, geographic, and chronological distances.ResultsMorphological affinities show that ceramic and nonceramic South Coast groups cluster and differ from most Southeast series. In contrast, Southeast coastal and riverine groups display high morphological variance, showing less biological coherence among them. These biological distances between regions are partially explained by geography, but not by chronology.ConclusionsThe results support that these coastal populations were low‐mobility groups. Although interactions between individuals of different regions likely existed, gene flow occurred mostly among individuals from local or adjacent areas. The introduction of ceramic in the South Coast is not associated with changes in dental morphology patterns, suggesting its adoption is not exclusively associated with the arrival of different biological groups. Southeast coastal and riverine groups show high phenotypic diversity, suggesting a different history of human occupation and cultural development than observed in the South Coast.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Big Data and Social Policy in Australia
Authors: Curchin Katherine , Edwards Ben 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis Special Issue addresses the use of linked data for research purposes and to carry out government functions such as child protection, allocation of resources, and debt recovery. Government investment in big data has the potential to change citizens' experience of the welfare state in a broad range of areas in both positive and negative ways. It is therefore important that the Australian social policy community understands and engages with the potential benefits and risks involved in the linkage and analysis of government datasets. Papers in this Special Issue discuss the technical challenges and institutional barriers involved in the construction and governance of linked government data assets and showcase the promise of big data for generating policy relevant insights. This Special Issue also features papers critically interrogating the potential for big data to produce social harms. We contextualise this collection of papers with a brief history of recent policy developments in regards to access to government held data. We also discuss ways of improving public trust and social licence for the use of big data and argue that the voices of First Nations and disadvantaged Australians must be given greater weight in discussions of how their data will be used.
Handling of stealthy sensor and actuator cyberattacks on evolving nonlinear process systems
Authors: Oyama Henrique , Rangan Keshav Kasturi , Durand Helen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCyberattacks on control systems in the chemical process industries cause concern regarding how they can impact finances, safety, and production levels of companies. A key practical challenge for cyberattack detection and handling using process information is that process behavior evolves over time. Conceivably, changes in process dynamics might cause some detection strategies to flag a change in the dynamics as an attack due to the new data appearing abnormal compared to data from before the dynamics changed. In this work, we utilize several case studies to probe the question of what might be the impacts, benefits, and limitations of cyberattack detection and handling policies when the process dynamics change over time. The goal of this work is to characterize, through simulation studies, characteristics, which might be desirable and undesirable in cyberattack detection and handling procedures when process evolution is inevitable. We demonstrate challenges with cyberattack detection when process dynamics change and subsequently, discuss two concepts for handling attacks—one which utilizes a two‐tier detection strategy in which model reidentification is triggered when it is not clear whether an attack or a change in the process dynamics has occurred, and one in which control signals are injected at intervals by the actuators. We utilize simulations to elucidate characteristics of these strategies and demonstrate that verifiability of attack‐handling methods is key to their implementation (i.e., ad hoc tuning has potential to leave vulnerabilities which an attacker might locate and exploit).
Electron‐Deficient Heteroacenes that Contain Two Boron Atoms: Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Based on a Push–Pull Effect**
Authors: Ito Masato , Sakai Mika , Ando Naoki , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectron‐deficient heteroacenes that contain two tricoordinate boron atoms in their acene skeletons and planarized phenyl ether moieties at their periphery were synthesized via the borylation of silicon‐bridged precursors. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed quinoidal structures, which give rise to two‐step reversible redox processes for both the reduction and oxidation. These compounds exhibit intense absorption and sharp fluorescence bands with vibronic structures in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. These properties originate from the push–pull effect along the long axis of the molecule derived from the electron‐donating ether moieties and the electron‐accepting boron moieties. Of particular note is the NIR emission of the thienothiophene‐centered heteroacene, which has a maximum at 952 nm with a narrow band width of 309 cm−1 in cyclohexane. A Franck–Condon analysis revealed the crucial role of the sterically less‐hindered thienothiophene spacer in achieving this sharp emission band.
A Dynamic Chemical Clip in Supramolecular Framework for Sorting Alkylaromatic Isomers using Thermodynamic and Kinetic Preferences
Authors: Laha Subhajit , Haldar Ritesh , Dwarkanath Nimish , Bonakala Satyanarayana , Sharma Abhishek , Hazra Arpan , Balasubramanian Sundaram , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdsorptive chemical separation is at the forefront of future technologies, for use in chemical and petrochemical industries. In this process, a porous adsorbent selectively allows a single component from a mixture of three or more chemical components to be adsorbed or permeate. To separate the unsorted chemicals, a different adsorbent is needed. A unique adsorbent which can recognize and separate each of the chemicals from a mixture of three or more components is the necessity for the next generation porous materials. In this regard, we demonstrate a “dynamic chemical clip” in a supramolecular framework capable of thermodynamic and kinetics‐based chemical separation. The dynamic space, featuring a strong preference for aromatic guests through π‐π and C‐H⋅⋅⋅π interactions and adaptability, can recognize the individual chemical isomers from mixtures and separate those based on thermodynamic and kinetic factors. The liquid‐phase selectivity and separation of the aromatic isomers are possible by the adaptability of the “chemical clip” and here we elucidate the prime factors in a combinatorial approach involving crystallographic evidence and detailed computational studies.
Helical Microporous Nanorods Assembled by Polyoxometalate Clusters for the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene
Authors: Yu Biao , Zhang Simin , Wang Xun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroporous materials are extensively used in catalysis due to their unique pore structures. Among them, microporous materials loaded with polyoxometalates (POMs) exhibit considerable potential for catalysis thanks to the combination of the outstanding redox‐catalytic properties of POMs and the characteristics of microporous materials. Based on this, we developed a facile hydrothermal method to synthesize helical microporous nanorods (HMNRs) using POM clusters as building blocks, combining the properties of both POMs and microporous materials while circumventing the complicated loading process. The HMNRs show an enhanced photocatalytic performance for toluene oxidation. Comparatively high activity, superior selectivity towards benzaldehyde, and prominent cycling stability were achieved, manifesting a promising prospect for a future application in photocatalysis.
Thermal Unequilibrium of PdSn Intermetallic Nanocatalysts: From In Situ Tailored Synthesis to Unexpected Hydrogenation Selectivity
Authors: Chen Minda , Yan Yu , Gebre Mebatsion , Ordonez Claudio , Liu Fudong , Qi Long , Lamkins Andrew , Jing Dapeng , Dolge Kevin , Zhang Biying , Heintz Patrick , Shoemaker Daniel P. , Wang Bin , Huang Wenyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEffective control on chemoselectivity in the catalytic hydrogenation of C=O over C=C bonds is uncommon with Pd‐based catalysts because of the favored adsorption of C=C bonds on Pd surface. Here we report a unique orthorhombic PdSn intermetallic phase with unprecedented chemoselectivity toward C=O hydrogenation. We observed the formation and metastability of this PdSn phase in situ. During a natural cooling process, the PdSn nanoparticles readily revert to the favored Pd3Sn2 phase. Instead, using a thermal quenching method, we prepared a pure‐phase PdSn nanocatalyst. PdSn shows an >96 % selectivity toward hydrogenating C=O bonds of various α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, highest in reported Pd‐based catalysts. Further study suggests that efficient quenching prevents the reversion from PdSn‐ to Pd3Sn2‐structured surface, the key to the desired catalytic performance. Density functional theory calculations and analysis of reaction kinetics provide an explanation for the observed high selectivity.
Experimental investigation of a small‐scale reactor with processed bio‐fuel pellets
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok , Singh Suraj B , Toth Laszlo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA developing small‐scale reactor was examined using the principles of thermal engineering design. The thermodynamic state of the system, psychrometry, and gas dynamics of the moist gas were considered in order to evaluate the quality of the end use. The performance of the reactor was defined in terms of the upgraded fuel and the design parameters of the reactor. A ring‐die was used to pelletize a milled form of black pinecones. Commercial wood pellets (hog fuel) and raw pinecones were analyzed alongside processed pinecones for comparison. A morphological analysis of the processed feedstock was carried out using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with an Everhart–Thornley detector (ETD) and an energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). Compared with wood and with raw pinecones, the relative yield of char derived from the processed pinecones increased by 109% and 198%, respectively. On the other hand, the oil yield from processed pine was 65% lower than from raw pinecones, and the oil yield was 57% lower than that from hog fuel. The gas equations for the producer gas derived from processed pinecones pellets, raw pinecones, and the wood pellets in the reactor are PV   –0.013 = C, PV   –0.024 = C and PV   –0.020 = C, respectively. The dew point temperature of producer gas (processed pinecones) was found to have been reduced by 2–4%. The effect of sphericity on the processed pellets increased the pressure drop across the packed bed. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Einfluss der Druckfestigkeitsstreuung auf den Ermüdungswiderstand von druckschwellbeanspruchtem Beton
Authors: Schmidt Boso , Marx Steffen , Schneider Sebastian , Betz Thorsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExperimentell ermittelte Bruchlastwechselzahlen druckschwellbeanspruchter Betone weisen im Allgemeinen große Streuungen auf. Als Hauptursache wird die Streuung der tatsächlichen Probekörperdruckfestigkeit vermutet, da die im Ermüdungsversuch aufgebrachten Ober‐ und Unterspannungen stets auf die mittlere Druckfestigkeit bezogen werden. Demnach versagen Probekörper, die tatsächlich höhere Druckfestigkeiten besitzen, bei höheren Lastwechselzahlen als Probekörper mit geringeren tatsächlichen Druckfestigkeiten. Um diese Vermutung zu überprüfen, wird im folgenden Artikel ein Konzept zur stochastischen Berücksichtigung der Druckfestigkeitsstreuung bei der Herleitung von Versuchswöhlerkurven präsentiert. Das Konzept wird auf Grundlage umfangreicher Ermüdungsuntersuchungen an Betonen der Festigkeitsklassen C100/115 und C80/95 für Windenergieanlagentürme erarbeitet und führt in den durchgeführten Untersuchungen zu nahezu glatten streuungsbereinigten Versuchswöhlerkurven. Das deutet darauf hin, dass die ursprüngliche, in den Wöhlerkurven inhärente Streuung tatsächlich allein auf die Streuung der Druckfestigkeit innerhalb der untersuchten Betonchargen zurückgeführt werden kann. Die Anwendung dieses Konzepts grenzt sich zunächst auf die Randbedingungen ein, unter denen die experimentellen Untersuchungen durchgeführt wurden. In ergänzenden Untersuchungen werden die unter Betrieb herrschenden Feuchte‐, Temperatur‐ und Frequenzbedingungen in einem Windenergieanlagenturm beleuchtet und mit den Bedingungen verglichen, unter denen die Laborergebnisse erzielt wurden. Abschließend wird für die untersuchten Betone ein Bemessungskonzept formuliert, welches die Anwendung der Wöhlerkurven gemäß fib Model Code 2010, inklusive einer angepassten Formulierung für die Bemessungsdruckfestigkeit bei Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen fcd,fat, empfiehlt.
Larvicidal potential of cell wall degrading enzymes from Trichoderma asperellum against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: da Silveira Alexsander Augusto , Andrade Jackeline Santana Paula , Guissoni Ana Carla Peixoto , da Costa Adeliane Castro , de Carvalho e Silva Arthur , da Silva Heloisa Garcia , Brito Pedro , de Souza Guilherme Rocha Lino , Fernandes Kátia Flávia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAedes aegypti is a mosquito vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever that cause important public health diseases. The incidence and gravity of these diseases justifies the search for effective measures to reduce the presence of this vector in the environment. Bioinsecticides are an effective alternative method for insect control, with added ecological benefits such as biodegradability. The current study demonstrates that a chitinolytic enzyme complex produced by the fungus Trichoderma asperellum can disrupt cuticle formation in the L3 larvae phase of A. aegypti, suggesting such biolarvicidal action could be used for mosquito control. T. asperellum was exposed to chitin from different sources. This induction of cell wall degrading enzymes, including chitinase, N‐acetylglucosaminidase and β‐1,3‐glucanase. Groups of 20 L3 larvae of A. aegypti were exposed to varying concentrations of chitinolytic enzymes induced with commercial chitin (CWDE) and larvae cell wall degrading enzymes (L‐CWDE). After 72 h of exposure to the CWDE, 100% of larvae were killed. The same percent mortality was observed after 48 h of exposure to L‐CWDE at half the CWDE enzyme mixture concentration. Exoskeleton deterioration was further observed by scanning and electron microscopy. Our findings indicate that L‐CWDE produced by T. asperellum reflect chitinolytic enzymes with greater specificity for L3 larval biomolecules. This specificity is characterized by the high percentage of mortality compared with CWDE treatments and also by abrupt changes in patterns of the cellular structures visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These mixtures of chitinolytic enzymes could be candidates, as adjuvant or synergistic molecules, to replace conventional chemical insecticides currently in use.
Incidence and associated factors of sudden unexpected death in advanced cancer patients: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Ito Satoko , Morita Tatsuya , Uneno Yu , Taniyama Tomohiko , Matsuda Yosuke , Kohara Hiroyuki , Maeda Isseki , Nakayama Takeo , Mori Masanori ,   the EASED Investigators
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeA sudden unexpected death has significant negative impacts on patients, family caregivers, and medical staff in hospice/palliative care. This study aimed to clarify the incidence and associated factors of sudden unexpected death according to four definitions in advanced cancer patients.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study in 23 inpatient hospices/palliative care units in Japan. Advanced cancer patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to inpatient hospices/palliative care units were included. The incidence and associated factors of sudden unexpected death were evaluated in all enrolled patients according to four definitions: (a) rapid decline death, defined as a sudden death preceded by functional decline over 1–2 days; (b) surprise death, defined if the primary responsible palliative care physician answered “yes” to the question, “Were you surprised by the timing of the death?”; (c) unexpected death, defined as a death that occurred earlier than the physicians had anticipated; and (d) performance status (PS)‐defined sudden death, defined as a death that occurred within 1 week of functional status assessment with an Australia‐modified Karnofsky PS ≥50.ResultsAmong 1896 patients, the incidence of rapid decline death was the highest (30‐day cumulative incidence: 16.8%, 95% CI: 14.8–19.0%), followed by surprise death (9.6%, 8.1–11.4%), unexpected death (9.0%, 7.5–10.8%), and PS‐defined sudden death (6.4%, 5.2–8.0%). Male sex, liver metastasis, dyspnea, malignant skin lesion, and fluid retention were significantly associated with the occurrence of sudden unexpected death.ConclusionSudden unexpected death is not uncommon even in inpatient hospices/palliative care units, with range of 6.4–16.8% according to the different definitions.