bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Renal Impairment in Children with Eating Disorders
Authors: Hamilton Avisha Meleika , Eisenhut Michael 
Published: December 2024

Background: Eating disorders have previously been associated with renal impairment. Low muscle mass reduces serum creatinine used for calculation of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) leading to overestimation of renal function.
The objectives of our study were:
•	To investigate the percentage drop in creatinine (pdCr) during rehydration as a new indicator of renal dysfunction not dependent on muscle mass.
•	To investigate a correlation of cardiovascular function and fluid management with renal function.
Methods: In a 5-year retrospective cohort study of all consecutive children admitted because of an eating disorder renal function expressed as eGFR on admission and as pdCr between admission and the lowest creatinine was analysed in relationship to cardiovascular parameters and fluid management.
Results: We included 29 patients. Mean age was 13.4 years. A pdCr after admission was noted in 26/29 (89.7%). The eGFR was 90 in 13/15 (86.6%). In patients with a fluid management plan the pdCr had a median of 18.6% and without of 6.4% (p=0.02). Renal dysfunction was not related to cardiovascular parameters.
Conclusions: The majority of patients with an eating disorder had renal impairment. PdCr was more sensitive in detection of renal impairment compared to eGFR.
The record of the Early Late Paleocene Event (ELPE, 59.5 Ma) in shallow-water Tethys Himalayan carbonates (Zongpu Formation, South Tibet)
Authors: Li Juan , Hu Xiumian , Garzanti Eduardo , Boudagher-Fadel Marcelle , Jiang Jingxin , Xu Yiwei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The Early Late Paleocene Event (ELPE, 59.5 Ma) was a short-lived climatic perturbation accompanied by prominent biotic changes. Although the ELPE has been widely recognized from pelagic and continental archives, shallow-marine records remain scarce and poorly documented. To constrain the pattern and magnitude of the ELPE and associated environmental changes, we here present a detailed sedimentologic, biostratigraphic, and stable-carbon-isotope study of upper Paleocene platform carbonates continuously exposed in the Jiajin section of southern Tibet. Two distinct negative carbon-isotope excursions (CIEs) are documented: the first one occurred during shallow benthic zone (SBZ) 3 with a magnitude of ∼ 1.0‰, the second one began near the SBZ3–SBZ4 boundary with a magnitude of ∼ 1.5‰. Carbonate microfacies dominated by packstones with rotaliids and/or dasycladacean algae testify to an open shallow-marine environment. Neither a significant change in paleo–water depth nor evidence of early diagenetic dissolution are documented across the ELPE. The microfacies change observed during the ELPE, characterized by a decrease in the abundance of larger benthic rotaliid foraminifera relative to calcareous green algae, is related to environmental perturbations and increased nutrient supply. The changed trophic level may have resulted from intensified continental weathering promoted in turn by global warming. Compared with biocalcification crises observed in deep-water sedimentary records, shallow-water carbonate production remained relatively unaffected by changes in ocean-water chemistry.
Safety and Efficacy of a novel ‘One-Visit, Both-Cataracts’ High-Volume See-and-Treat Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery Service in a public healthcare setting
Authors: Roberts Harry , Alsusa Maher , Ahmad Shakeel , Smith Zoe , TUTCHINGS Emma , Evans Sam , Wilkinson Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel cataract surgery pathway that combines a See-and-Treat (S&T) model with Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS) at the Nightingale Hospital, Exeter, UK.
Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted on 102 consecutive patients (204 eyes) who underwent S&T ISBCS between July 2023 and July 2024. Patients were triaged based on referral information and underwent preoperative telephone consultations. On the day of surgery, clinical assessment and bilateral cataract surgery were completed in a single visit. Data collected included patient demographics, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, and complications.
Results:
Of the 127 patients listed, 102 (84.3%) completed S&T ISBCS. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Fourteen patients (13.7%) required unplanned postoperative consultations, with most cases being non-sight-threatening and self-resolving. Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) was reported in 2.9% of eyes, with no cases of visual loss or endophthalmitis.
Conclusion:
The S&T ISBCS model demonstrated safety and efficiency in delivering cataract care, with a high one-visit completion rate and low complication rates. This model offers significant time and resource savings whilst maintaining patient safety. It holds potential for broader implementation in healthcare settings facing increased demand for cataract services. Further studies are recommended to assess long-term outcomes and optimise this approach.
Injectables in Preventing Intraoperative bleeding and Postoperative Ecchymosis in Surgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Alhindi Nawaf , Alhassan Ghadeer Mohammed , Alshuaibi Razan Razan , Hamdani Noorain Asif , Aldhahri Ahmed , Alnahwi Zainab , Alkhamesi Ameera , Alrashed Hajar , Albalawi Talal A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Intraoperative bleeding and postoperative periorbital ecchymosis are common concerns in rhinoplasty, often leading to delayed post-operative recovery. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of injectable agents in controlling intraoperative bleeding and preventing ecchymosis.
Methods:
A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across multiple databases, including Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating injectables for minimizing intraoperative bleeding and postoperative ecchymosis in rhinoplasty were included.
Results:
A meta-analysis of 6 Randomized controlled trials including 514 patients undergoing surgical rhinoplasty under 4 different interventions aimed to control intraoperative bleeding. However, Tranexamic acid (TXA) demonstrated significant superiority in reducing intraoperative bleeding compared to adrenaline 14.70 [3.05; 26.36], and control 13.85 [7.54; 20.16].
Conclusion:
The meta-analysis confirmed that TXA is the most effective injectable agent for controlling intraoperative bleeding and reducing postoperative ecchymosis in rhinoplasty patients. This finding highlights the importance of incorporating TXA in rhinoplasty procedures to improve surgical outcomes and patient recovery.
Climate change risks on key open marine and coastal Mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: HASSOUN Abed El Rahman , MOJTAHID Meryem , MERHEB Mohammad , LIONELLO Piero , GATTUSO Jean-Pierre , CRAMER Wolfgang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Mediterranean open marine and coastal ecosystems face multiple risks, due to climate change, that impact their unique biodiversity. To assess these risks and evaluate their confidence levels, we adopt the scenario-based approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), relying on a review of literature projecting changes in Mediterranean Sea ecosystems. The main drivers of environmental change are sea level rise, ocean warming and acidification. Similar to global conditions, all Mediterranean ecosystems face high risks under all climate scenarios, with coastal ecosystems being more strongly impacted than open marine ecosystems. For these coastal ecosystems, risk levels are expected to become very high already once global warming exceeds 0.8°C with respect to the 1976–2005 period. A few Mediterranean ecosystems (e.g., coralligenous and rocky coasts) have greater adaptive capacity than all others, probably because of the long evolutionary history in this sea and the presence of a variety of climatic and hydrological conditions. Overall, due to the higher observed and projected rates of climate change in the Mediterranean, compared to global trends, for variables such as seawater temperature and pH, marine ecosystems (particularly coastal) are projected to be under higher risks compared to the global ocean.
Second Generation DNA Methylation Age Predicts Cognitive Change in Midlife: The Moderating Role of Childhood Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Bell Sophie A. , Beam Christopher R. , Zandi Ebrahim , Kam Alyssa , Andrews Emily , Becker Jonathan , Finkel Deborah , Davis Deborah W. , Turkheimer Eric 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) surpasses chronological age in its ability to predict age-related morbidities and mortality. This study analyzed data from 287 middle-aged twins in the Louisville Twin Study (mean age 51.9 years ± 7.03) to investigate the effect of DNAmAge acceleration on change in IQ (ΔIQ) between childhood and midlife, while testing childhood socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderator of the relationship. DNAmAge was estimated with five commonly used algorithms (Horvath, Horvath Skin and Blood, GrimAge, and PhenoAge). A factor analysis of these measures produced a two-factor structure which we identified as first generation and second generation measures. Results of genetically informed, quasi-causal regression models indicated that accelerated second generation DNAmAge predicted more negative ΔIQ from childhood to midlife, after accounting for genetic and environmental confounds shared by twins. The relationship between DNAmAge and ΔIQ was moderated by childhood SES, with a stronger effect observed among twins from low SES backgrounds. Second generation DNAmAge measures trained to estimate phenotypic biological age show promise in their predictive value for cognitive decline in midlife. Our genetically informed twin design suggested that DNAmAge may represent a biological pathway through which early-life socioeconomic disadvantage impacts midlife cognitive health.
Direct Scaffold-Coupled Electrical Stimulation of Chondrogenic Progenitor Cells through Graphene Foam Bioscaffolds to Control Mechanical Properties of Graphene Foam – Cell Composites
Authors: Sawyer Mone’t , Semodji Amevi , Nielson Olivia , Rektor Attila , Burgoyne Hailey , Eppel Michael , Eixenberger Joshua , Montenegro-Brown Raquel , Nelson Miranda L. , Lujan Trevor , Estrada David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Osteoarthritis, a major global cause of pain and disability, is driven by the irreversible degradation of hyaline cartilage in joints. Cartilage tissue engineering presents a promising therapeutic avenue, but success hinges on replicating the native physiological environment to guide cellular behavior and generate tissue constructs that mimic natural cartilage. Although electrical stimulation has been shown to enhance chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix production in 2D cultures, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood, particularly in 3D models. Here, we report that direct scaffold-coupled electrical stimulation applied to 3D graphene foam bioscaffolds significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the resulting graphene foam – cell constructs. Using custom 3D-printed electrical stimulus chambers, we applied biphasic square impulses (20, 40, 60 mVpp at 1 kHz) for 5 minutes daily over 7 days. Stimulation at 60 mVpp increased the steady-state energy dissipation and equilibrium modulus by approximately 65% and 25%, respectively, compared to unstimulated controls, while also yielding the highest cell density among stimulated samples. In addition, our custom chambers facilitated full submersion of the hydrophobic graphene foam in media, leading to enhanced cell attachment and integration across the scaffold surface and within its hollow branches. To assess this cellular integration, we employed co-localized confocal fluorescence microscopy and X-ray microCT imaging enabled by colloidal gold nanoparticle and fluorophore staining, which allowed visualization of cell distribution within the opaque scaffold’s internal structure. These findings highlight the potential of direct scaffold-coupled electrical stimulus to modulate the mechanical properties of engineered tissues and offer new insights into the emergent behavior of cells within conductive 3D bioscaffolds.
Anthracycline Chemotherapy and Its Acute Cardiovascular Impact: A Tanzanian Quasi- Experimental Study on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variations
Authors: Bankanie Vicent 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Effect of anthracyclines on the autonomic nervous system is linked to changes in blood pressure and heartrate. Such changes may predict future cardiac failure and other cardiovascular complications which may be influenced by other risk factors such as race. However, little has been conducted on this topic within African population.
Objectives
To determine the immediate anthracycline-related blood pressure and heart rate changes as signs of acute autonomic nervous system involvement.
Methods
This study was a pretest-posttest quasi experimental study involving cancer patients using anthracycline-based chemotherapy at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Results
Among the 11188 newly diagnosed cancer patients, 430 participants receiving doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 over 30 minutes per day were systematically recruited. Majority were females. The average age was 47.9 ± 11.1 years, of which 276 (64.2%) were 40-59 years old. The majority (64.4%) had breast cancer. About 37% had an increase of heart rate greater than 10 beats/min after anthracycline infusion, suggesting a subsequent risk for heart failure. Both the SBP and DBP were significantly higher after infusion (SBP =121.7±9.8mmHg) Vs (124.3±12.3mmHg), (P=0.000), and DBP was 75.1±7.1 vs (78.7±10.0) (P=0.000).
The linear mixture model (LMM) analysis showed that gender and diabetes were the influencing factors to DBP changes (P < 0.05), while gender, marital status, education, type of cancer, BMI, and history of diabetes mellitus were the influencing factors of SBP changes (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The small change in blood pressure following anthracycline chemotherapy is statistically significant but clinically not significant. However, a significant number of patients have an increased risk of heart failure, defined by a pressure difference of >10mmhg. Risk factors for blood pressure may be used to stratify interventions to prevent changes in blood pressure. Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate during chemotherapy remains important, especially to high-risk patients.
MMP11 promotes immune escape in esophageal carcinoma cells via the PD-L1/c-MYC signaling pathway
Authors: Li Shixing , Lou Xuelei , Chang Zukuan , Liu Jinzhan , Lu Huilin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is a common malignant tumor in China, with a high incidence and no early symptoms. Surgery and chemotherapy are common clinical treatments, but patients' prognoses have not improved significantly. Immunotherapy has opened a new chapter in the treatment of ESCA in recent years. Although it is known that high MMP11 expression is associated with a variety of tumors and immune microenvironments, the specific mechanisms by which MMP11 regulates cellular immunity remain unknown. In this study, we looked at how MMP11 affects the PD-L1/c-MYC pathway in ESCA cells/tissues. We intended to see if MMP11 interferes with ESCA cell immune escape via the PD-L1/c-MYC pathway, and thus affects ESCA development.
Methods: MMP11 expression levels were determined using both the ESCA tumor database and our clinical ESCA sample collection. MMP11 mRNA/protein expression levels in ESCA tissues and cell lines (OE19 and OE33) were determined using RT-qPCR and western blot. The relationship between MMP11 expression levels and overall patient survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. ESCA cells' migration ability and apoptosis rate were assessed using wound healing and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was used to identify PD-L1 and c-MYC pathway-related proteins. After co-culture with ESCA knocked down MMP11, flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of different Treg cells. The content of each cytokine after co-culture was determined using ELISA. In vivo experiments were carried out using a xenograft mouse model.
Results: Overexpression of MMP11 was discovered in ESCA tissues and cell lines. MMP11 knockdown reduced PD-L1 expression while inhibiting ESCA cell migration and promoting apoptosis. MMP11 deficiency also resulted in the downregulation of c-MYC pathway-related proteins in ESCA cells. After co-cultivation with Treg cells/PBMCs, ESCA cells in the sh-MMP11 group showed a decrease in the proportion of FoxP3+CD4+-positive cells versus FoxP3+CD25+-positive cells and an increase in the proportion of FoxP3+CD8+-positive cells versus the control group (sh-NC). Immunopromoting (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and immunosuppressive (TGF-β and IL-10) factors were elevated and decreased, respectively. Furthermore, animal studies showed that MMP11 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in mice in vivo, suppressed the rate of Ki-67-positive expression, and inhibited the expression of proteins associated with the PD-L1 and c-MYC pathways.
Conclusion: MMP11 activates the PD-L1/c-MYC signaling pathway and promotes immune escape of ESCA cells, resulting in the development of ESCA. MMP11-PD-L1/c-MYC may provide a novel approach to ESCA immunotherapy.
Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Adaptive Color Correction and Multi-scale Fusion
Authors: Bai Yang , Li Zhe , Cheng Libo , Jia Xiaoning 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Underwater imaging is characterized by significant color distortion and low contrast, primarily due to the complex interactions of light absorption and scattering in aquatic environments. This work presents a novel enhancement framework designed to address these challenges through adaptive optimization and advanced fusion techniques. The method operates independently of specialized hardware and predefined environmental conditions. The enhancement process begins with adaptive color correction to mitigate color cast, followed by a transformation to the HSV color space for isolated value (V) channel processing. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) integrates the processed components, yielding a globally enhanced image. Simultaneously, image decomposition refines fine-scale details, and an enhanced Retinex algorithm is applied to accentuate edge structures. The Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST) fuses the globally enhanced, detail-enhanced, and edge-enhanced images into a unified output, followed by further optimization to produce the final enhanced image. Extensive experiments confirm superior performance across various metrics, including PCQI, UCIQE, UIQM, and IE, surpassing existing state-of-the-art methods. Feature preservation capabilities are validated using the Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm, highlighting the method’s potential in underwater exploration, photography, and robotic vision.
Apathy Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Bo , Chang Yajuan , Huang Shuming 
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Objective:
Apathy is a multidimensional and complex disease that is the
primary neuropsychiatric symptom among those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet,
apathy in AD is sometimes underestimated.

Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus,
and Web of Science. The search utilized specific keywords related to apathy and Alzheimer's disease
(e.g., "apathy," "Alzheimer's disease," "neuropsychiatric symptoms," "front-striatal circuitry").
The studies were selected based on pre-defined criteria, including publication date (within the last
10 years), peer-reviewed status, and relevance to neurobiological, neurochemical, and behavioral
aspects of apathy in AD. The articles were screened through title and abstract reviews, followed by
full-text evaluations to ensure they met the inclusion criteria, such as relevance to apathy in Alzheimer's
patients, study design rigor, and methodological quality.

Results:
Some research on the behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of apathy in AD
points to the role of the front-striatal circuitry, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In
addition, we reviewed the neurochemical, neuropsychological, and neuropathological characteristics
believed to be associated with apathy symptoms.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate that understanding the intricate neurobiological underpinnings of
apathy in AD is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Our analysis suggests that a multimodal
approach, incorporating both pharmacological and personalized non-pharmacological strategies,
could enhance therapeutic efficacy and improve patient outcomes. This highlights the need for
future research to explore these combined treatment modalities and their potential to alleviate apathy
in AD patients.
A Comprehensive Review on Plant Bioactive Compounds-Based Novel Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Agrawal Akshat , Ghosh Vijayalakshmi , Uddin Ajaz , Jain Parag 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation
in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and eventual joint damage. This condition occurs
when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes
surrounding the joints. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, alleviating pain, and preventing
joint damage through a combination of medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications.
Recently, biological therapies have been introduced, including Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)
blockers (such as etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab), IL-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab), and interleukin-
1 inhibitors (anakinra). These treatments can lead to various side effects. The use of herbalbased
treatments, such as secondary metabolites, has gained popularity due to their better tolerability,
safety, and effectiveness compared to conventional therapies. However, there are also some
limitations, like poor bioavailability and permeability and lower stability; to overcome these issues,
Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) have been introduced as better treatment options in recent
years. Polymer science advancements and nanotechnology applications have opened new avenues
for RA treatment, emphasizing the development of smart drug delivery systems. These systems aim
to improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, newly synthesized
biocompatible drug delivery systems, combined with anti-inflammatory drugs composed of secondary
metabolites, offer potential solutions for RA.