bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency to power conversion by an electron turnstile
Authors: Suárez Marco Marín , Peltonen Joonas , Golubev Dmitry , Pekola Jukka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Direct frequency to power conversion (FPC), to be presented here, links both quantities through a known energy, like single-electron transport relates an operation frequency f to the emitted current I through the electron charge e as I = ef [1–6]. FPC is a natural candidate for a power standard resorting to the most basic definition of the watt, comprising a simple and elegant way to realize it [7]. In this spirit, single-photon emission and detection at known rates have been proposed and experimented as radiometric standard [8–15]. However, nowadays power standards are only traceable to electrical units with no alternative proposals in sight [7, 16–18]. In this letter, we demonstrate the feasibility of solid-state direct FPC using a SINIS (S = superconductor, N = normal metal, I = insulator) single-electron transistor (SET) accurately injecting N (integer) quasiparticles (qps) per cycle to both leads with discrete energies close to their superconducting gap ∆, even at zero drain-source voltage. Furthermore, the bias voltage plays an important role in the distribution of the power among the two leads, allowing for an almost equal injection N∆f to the two. We estimate that under appropriate conditions errors can be well below 1%.
Deep Learning Model Improves Radiologists’ Performance in Detection and Classification of Breast Lesions
Authors: Sun Ying-Shi , Qu Yu-Hong , Wang Dong , Li Yi , Ye Lin , Du Jing-Bo , Xu Bing , Li Bao-Qing , Li Xiao-Ting , Zhang Kexin , Shi Yan-Jie , Sun Rui-Jia , Wang Yichuan , Long Rong , Chen Dengbo , Li Hai-Jiao , Wang Liwei , Cao Min , Yin Yan-Yu , Xing Lu-Wen , Zhang Jie , Cheng Ming-Bin , Liang Jie , Yang Gui-Hua , Zhu Juan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Computer-aided diagnosis using deep learning algorithms has been initially applied in the field of mammography, but there is no large-scale clinical application.Methods: This study proposed to develop and verify an artificial intelligence model based on mammography. Firstly, retrospectively collected mammograms from six centers were randomized to a training dataset and a validation dataset for establishing the model. Secondly, the model was tested by comparing 12 radiologists’ performance with and without it. Finally, prospectively multicenter mammograms were diagnosed by radiologists with the model. The detection and diagnostic capabilities were evaluated using the free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curve and ROC curve.Results: The sensitivity of model for detecting lesion after matching was 0.908 for false positive rate of 0.25 in unilateral images. The area under ROC curve (AUC) to distinguish the benign from malignant lesions was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.830, 0.880). The performance of 12 radiologists with the model was higher than that of radiologists alone (AUC: 0.852 vs. 0.808, P = 0.005). The mean reading time of with the model was shorter than that of reading alone (80.18 s vs. 62.28 s, P = 0.03). In prospective application, the sensitivity of detection reached 0.887 at false positive rate of 0.25; the AUC of radiologists with the model was 0.983 (95% CI: 0.978, 0.988), with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 94.36%, 98.07%, 87.76%, and 99.09%, respectively.Conclusions: The artificial intelligence model exhibits high accuracy for detecting and diagnosing breast lesions, improves diagnostic accuracy and saves time.Trial registration: NCT, NCT03708978. Registered 17 April 2018, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/ NCT03708978
The Diagnostic And Prognostic Value of DYNLL1 And RAN In Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cao Lei , Liu Hongsheng , Cao Zhili , Liang Naixin , Gao Chao , Bing Zhongxin , Li Shanqing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most heterogeneous and aggressive among all NSCLC subtypes. This work aimed to determine the predictive ability of DYNLL1 and RAN in LUAD, as well as to explore the role of possible DYNLL1 and Ran molecular mechanisms on LUAD malignant behavior.Methods: Using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression, we compared the expression of DYNLL1 and its related gene RAN in LUAD and normal lung tissues. We also studied the prognostic value of DYNLL1 and RAN in terms of overall survival (OS) in LUAD, liver cancer and renal cancer patients. Using data from the online database STRING, we further investigated the protein–protein interaction (PPI), miRNA and transcription factor regulatory networks of DYNLL1 and Ran. Then, molecular docking was used to obtain accurate combination models between molecular compounds and DYNLL1 or Ran. We also studied whether DYNLL1 and RAN influence the proliferation and migration of tumor cells with the stable knockdown LUAD cell lines.Results: The expression of DYNLL1 and RAN was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues compared to normal controls. And high expressions of DYNLL1 and RAN were associated with unfavorable overall survival in LUAD patients. We also found that knockdown of DYNLL1 and RAN inhibit the proliferation and migration of A549 tumor cells.Conclusions: Overall, our study provides evidence that DYNLL1 and RAN are essential for the progression of LUAD. And they may serve as potential tumor biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with LUAD.
Treatment for Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava Complicated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Guo Xiaohu , Liu Xiaoyan , Wei Zhengang , Wang Mancai , Zhang Youcheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Leiomyosarcoma originating from the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a very rare malignancy. We searched the databases and did not find similar cases of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC with lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we report a patient with IVC leiomyosarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma.Case report: The patient, a 38-year-old Chinese female, presented to the general department with a history of intermittent right upper abdominal pain for 18 months. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a tumour of IVC (3.4*2.7 cm) extending to the renal veins. In addition, chest CT showed a tumour in the left lung lobe. Then, the patient underwent surgery to resect the IVC tumour and partial lung. The patient received Gefitinib Tablets treatment 250 mg per day for 18 months during the perioperative period. The examination of the patient showed lung recurrence at the 18th month after partial pneumonectomy. So the patient again received thoracoscopic wedge pneumonectomy, and it was confirmed to be metastasis of IVC tumour. The patient received daily 12 mg treatment with Anlotinib after the last operation. Regular outpatient follow-up showed that there was no obvious recurrence and metastasis as of April 2021 (6 months after operation).Conclusions: It is difficult to diagnose and treat patients with IVC leiomyosarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma in a timely manner. Surgery is still an effective treatment for patients with IVC leiomyosarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma at present.
Survey of Non-conventional Mental Health Care Facilities in Côte d'Ivoire – First Results
Authors: Koua Asseman Médard , Djo François Djo Bi , Kouadio N’guessan Raymond , Coulibaly Zoumana , S Eric , Konandri Eméric Désiré , Koua Aka N’zi Jean Vincent , Huppertz Sharon , Heetderks Gesine , Huppertz Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Mental illnesses and disabilities as well as epileptic diseases remain an important public health issue. In Côte d'Ivoire, the provision of psychiatric care and specialised psychosocial facilities is almost non-existent. Non-conventional mental health care facilities, also known as ‘Prayer Camps’, are the first point of contact for people suffering from mental illness and epilepsy in Côte d'Ivoire – although not accounted for by the Ivorian health care system. Methods For the survey, a quantitative method with an exploratory and descriptive aim was chosen. The data collection methodology was composed of the pre-survey and the actual field survey which took place in the 31 regions of Côte d'Ivoire. 541 non-conventional mental health care facilities in Côte d'Ivoire were mapped, visited, examined with regard to some characteristics, and typologised according to their spiritual orientation.Results The survey of non-conventional mental health care facilities provides a typology of the centres (Christian Prayer Camps, Traditional Healing Centres, Phytotherapy Centres, and Roqya Centres), the number of people with mental illness they treat, the educational or professional background of the facility leaders, and their attitudes towards possible cooperation with psychiatrically trained staff. Conclusions A considerable number of non-conventional mental health care facility leaders expressed a desire or acceptance of cooperation with psychiatric organisations. If cooperation could be established and combined with training for non-conventional mental health care facility leaders, there is hope that an urgently needed greater state provision of outpatient psychiatric care might well meet with a willingness on the part of the non-conventional facilities to make use of this help, especially if it can be integrated into the care provided in the centres. The long-term objective is to establish and implement future collaboration and a real community mental health care policy in Côte d'Ivoire. A more detailed study is being planned, which will examine the situation of patients in non-conventional mental health care facilities and the actual possibility of cooperation.
Study On Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality Based On Land-Use Change In Chongming Dongtan, China
Authors: Li Sheng , Dong Bin , Gao Xiang , Xu Haifeng , Ren Chunqiu , Liu Yaru , Peng Liang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chongming Dongtan is an important habitat for international migratory birds. It is of great significance to study its land use and habitat quality change for rare waterfowl protection and ecological environment restoration. Based on the land use data in 2002, 2012 and 2020, this paper analyzes the relationship between land use change and habitat quality evolution in Chongming Dongtan in recent 18 years by using InVEST model, land use dynamic degree and land use degree index. The results show that the main types of land use in the study area are water area and cultivated land, followed by woodland, reed beach, grass beach, bare beach and construction land. Among them, bare beach and construction land have changed dramatically, the former continuing to decrease while the latter continuing to increase. And the increasing speed began to slow down after 2012, and the increasing part was mainly from the surrounding cultivated land. Secondly, in terms of time change, the degradation of habitat quality in Chongming Dongtan has been gradually improved from aggravating trend in the past 18 years. In terms of spatial distribution, the habitat degradation degree of Chongming Dongtan is higher in the east and lower in the west, spreading from the center to the surrounding. Based on this, the change of land use and the interference of human activities are the important reasons for the change of ecological environment quality.
Gas Phase Lubrication Study with an Organic Friction Modifier
Authors: Eickworth Jennifer , Wagner Jonas , Daum Philipp , Dienwiebel Martin , Rühle Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Friction modifier additive technologies play a crucial role in controlling friction and wear of lubricated tribological systems. Novel additives are usually evaluated using formulations of varying concentrations. It can be very difficult to understand the underlying mechanisms in those laboratory tests because of the interaction of base oil with the additives. It thus can be insightful to perform model experiments in a controllable atmosphere. This can be achieved for instance by integrating a tribometer into a vacuum system comprising in-situ surface analytical methods.In this work, a nitrogen containing organic friction modifier is adsorbed from the gas phase onto a Fe2O3 surface. Different coating thicknesses are prepared by varying the duration of the vapor deposition, so that the influence of the coating thickness on the friction behavior can be investigated. The chemical composition of the coated surfaces is also analyzed by coupling to an XPS photoelectron spectrometer.Contrary to the assumption that layers are formed, this friction modifier accumulates in droplets on the Fe2O3 surface. The number of droplets as well as the radii of droplets increase with evaporation time. The chemical composition of the additive does not change as a result of the gas phase deposition. In the friction tests, the smallest friction values are found for a very low coverage of droplets. For larger droplets, friction increases due to a capillary neck of additive that forms between the sliding surfaces and is dragged along during the friction test.Using gas phase adsorption of a nitrogen containing organic friction modifier it was possible to establish a correlation between droplet morphology and the friction behavior.
Batch and Fed-Batch Production of β-carotene by Rhodotorula Toruloides KP324973 Using Corn Steep Liquor As Sole Carbon Source
Authors: Habibi Alireza , Fallahi Samira , Abbasi Saeed , Sharifi Rouhallah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Application of agro-industrial waste in microbial fermentation is interesting in economic and environmental aspects. Carotenoids production by Rhodotorula toruloides KP324973 was investigated using corn steep liquor (CSL) as sole carbon source. Haldane model with constants µmax = 0.056 h-1, KS = 1.54 vv-1%, and KI = 58.58 vv-1% showed best describe of cell growth kinetics on CLS. A same maximum carotenoid production rate (Rp) about 2.23 μg gcell-1 h-1 was obtained at initial CSL concentration of 5 v/v% after 72 h and 21 h in batch cultivation in shaken flasks and bubble column reactor (BCR), respectively. Further improvement of carotenogenesis was followed by fed-batch cultivation in BCR where the optimal setting of factors at feed flow rate of 5 mL h-1, pH of 5.66, and temperature 14 ˚C gained a highest Rp = 8.686 μg gcell-1 h-1. Chromatographic analysis showed more than 94% of produced carotenes was β-carotene.
Calpains in Cyanobacteria and the Origin of Calpains
Authors: Vešelényiová Dominika , Raabová Lenka , Schneiderová Mária , Vesteg Matej , Krajčovič Juraj 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Calpains are cysteine proteases involved in many cellular processes. They are an ancient and large superfamily of enzymes responsible for the cleavage and irreversible modification of a large variety of substrates. They have been intensively studied in humans and other mammals, but information about calpains in bacteria is scarce. Calpains have not been found among Archaea to date. In this study, we have investigated the presence of calpains in selected cyanobacterial species using in silico analyses. We show that calpains defined by possessing CysPC core domain are present in cyanobacterial genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Calothrix, Chamaesiphon, Fischerella, Microcystis, Scytonema and Trichormus. Based on in silico protein interaction analysis, we have predicted putative interaction partners for identified cyanobacterial calpains. The phylogenetic analysis including cyanobacterial, other bacterial and eukaryotic calpains divided bacterial and eukaryotic calpains into two separate monophyletic clusters. We propose two possible evolutionary scenarios to explain this tree topology: 1) the eukaryotic ancestor or an archaeal ancestor of eukaryotes obtained calpain gene from an unknown bacterial donor, or alternatively 2) calpain gene had been already present in the last common universal ancestor and subsequently lost by the ancestor of Archaea, but retained by the ancestor of Bacteria and by the ancestor of Eukarya. Both scenarios would require multiple independent losses of calpain genes in various bacteria and eukaryotes.
Clinical Significance and Genetic Characteristics in HER2 Low Expression Tumors of Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Liu Deyue , Chen Weilin , Chen Weiguo , Shen Kunwei , Wu Jiayi , Zhu Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) low expressed breast cancer was considered as a distinct subtype different from HER2 negative tumors. We investigated the clinicopathological features and recurrence score (RS) of HER2-low and HER2- patients and their prognostic value in hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer.MethodsA total of 2,099 HR-positive primary female breast cancer patients between Jan 2009 and Jan 2019 were collected and tumors with immunohistochemistry 1 + or 2 + with negative in situ hybridization results was defined as HER2 low. We retrospectively compared the clinical and genetical features of HER2-low (n = 1,732) and HER2- (n = 367) breast cancer and theirs impacts on disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsThe HER2 low tumors had a higher ratio of concurrent estrogen receptor (ER) high expression than HER2- patients both at protein level (ER > 90%: 78.2% vs 58.6%, p < 0.01) and mRNA level (Spearman R = 0.5 vs 0.3). Analysis about DFS showed no significant difference between HER2 negative and low subgroups (5-year DFS: 92.3% vs 93.3%, p = 0.83). However, RS range (cut-off: 18 and 30) didn’t maintain its predictive value in HER2 low patients (p = 0.11) unlike that in HER2- group (p = 0.003). Further research for respective gene suggested that proliferation related genes performed well in predicting DFS in HER2- patients but lost its value in HER2 low group (p for interaction < 0.01). Contrarily, higher HER2 module was associated with worse DFS only in HER2 low patients (p = 0.04).ConclusionOur study found that HER2 low expression couldn’t be a prognostic factor in HR + patients. HER2-low patients had a higher proportion of ER high expressed tumors than HER2- ones did. The 21-gene assay and its proliferation module might be less applicable to HER2-low patients compared with HER2- patients.
Scaling Up and Down of 3-D Floating-point Data in Quantum Computation
Authors: Xu Meiyu , Lu Dayong , Sun Xiaoyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the past few decades, quantum computation has become increasingly attractivedue to its remarkable performance. Quantum image scaling is considered a common geometric transformation in quantum image processing, however, the quantum floating-point data version of which does not exist. Is there a corresponding scaling for 2-D and 3-D floating-point data? The answer is yes.In this paper, we present quantum scaling up and down scheme for floating-point data by using trilinear interpolation method in 3-D space. This scheme offers better performance (in terms of the precision of floating-point numbers) for realizing the quantum floating-point algorithms compared to previously classical approaches. The Converter module we proposed can solve the conversion of fixed-point numbers to floating-point numbers of arbitrary size data with p + q qubits based on IEEE-754 format, instead of 32-bit single-precision, 64-bit double precision or 128-bit extended-precision. Usually, we use nearest neighbor interpolation and bilinear interpolation to achieve quantum image scaling algorithms, which are not applicable in high-dimensional space. This paper proposes trilinear interpolation of floating-point numbers in 3-D space to achieve quantum algorithms of scaling up and down for 3-D floating-point data. Finally, the circuits of quantum scaling up and down for 3-D floating-point data are designed.
Analysis of Epidemiological Changes and Elimination Effects for Malaria in North China
Authors: Guo Ruiling , Zhuang Jing , Wang Xianfeng , Liu Jinsheng , Zhu Wangdong , Liang Shuang , Jin Zengjun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: The elimination of malaria requires high-quality surveillance data in order to detect and respond quickly to individual cases. In the 1960s and 1970s, Handan city in North China experienced widespread malaria outbreaks, which was in line with the provincial and national epidemic patterns. Methods: Case-level data for the period 2011-2018 were extracted from China's National Infectious Diseases Information system and the rest cases were recorded municipal surveillance system from 1956-2010.Results: The incidence, accuracy and timeliness of case diagnosis, reporting and investigation in malaria were evaluated at elimination stage (2011-2018) in Handan city, China. From 2011 to 2018, 81 malaria cases were reported in Handan city, all of which were imported from abroad. The annual average incidence decreased to 0.11/100 000 in the elimination stage, while all malaria cases were male. Since the initiation of the National Malaria Elimination Programme in 2010, malaria cases were consistent with the increase in overseas export channels and personnel of labor services.Conclusions: The case-based malaria surveillance system in North China worked well at the malaria elimination stage. This ensured that malaria cases could be diagnosed, reported and timely investigated at local level.
Retrospective Analysis of Pneumothorax After Repair of Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula: A Case Control Study
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Yang Shen , Li Siqi , Wang Peize , Zhang Yanan , Zhao Yong , Hua Kaiyun , Gu Yichao , Liao Junmin , Li Shuangshuang , Chen Yongwei , HuangMD Jinshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background To analyze the possible causes, treatment and outcomes of postoperative pneumothorax in patients with Gross type C esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF).Methods Medical records of patients with Gross type C EA/TEF who were diagnosed and treated in Beijing Children’s Hospital from January 2007 to January 2020 were retrospectively collected. They were divided into 2 groups according to whether postoperative pneumothorax was occurred. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for pneumothorax.Results A total of 188 patients were included, including 85 (45%) in the pneumothorax group and 103 (55%) in the non-pneumothorax group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative anastomotic leakage [P < 0.001, OR 3.516 (1.859, 6.648)] and mechanical ventilation [P = 0.012, OR 2.399 (1.210, 4.758)] were independent risk factors for pneumothorax after EA/TEF repair. The further analysis of main parameters of mechanical ventilation after surgery showed that none of them were clearly related to the occurrence of pneumothorax. Among the 85 patients with pneumothorax, 33 gave up after surgery and 52 received further treatment [conservative observation (n = 20), pleural puncture (n = 11), pleural closed drainage (n = 9), both pleural puncture and closed drainage (n = 12)]. All of the 52 patients were cured of pneumothorax at discharge.Conclusions Anastomotic leakage and postoperative mechanical ventilation were risk factors for pneumothorax after repair of Gross type C EA/TEF, but the main parameters of mechanical ventilation had no clear correlation with pneumothorax. After symptomatic treatment, the prognosis of pneumothorax was good.