bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welding procedure research of zirconium tube-to-tubesheet
Authors: Chengjun Jiang , Xin Wang , Xiaolong Xue , xiaoli Zhang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The welding characteristics of zirconium tube-to-tubesheet, the joint structure and quality influencing factors are analyzed in the paper. The automatic pulsed GTAW procedure are formulated and examined by welding sample test. The tube-to-tubesheet procedure is qualified by joint surface inspection, joint sections observation, height measurement of the weld metal and metallographic examination. It has the great significance of the successful welding procedure qualification to guide the actual manufacture of R60702 zirconium heat exchanger.
Numerical solution explore of rigid flexible coupling multi-body system dynamic model
Authors: Qian Sun , Lu Mingyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses the problems related to the numerical solution of the rigid flexible coupling multibody system dynamic model. In order to solve the problems of high frequency oscillation and large calculation amount in the solution of the rigid ordinary differential equations, it tries to improve the explicit Runge Kutta method, and applies the Gill method to solve the dynamic differential equations. And confirmed by a case study: In the process of numerical solution of rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system dynamics model, the improved GILL method has small truncation error, fast integration speed and small computation amount. It can provide important basis for the subsequent algorithm improvement and optimization, which deserves the attention of the professional.
Effect of Ni addition on microstructure evolution Keyhole-GTAW WM of a duplex stainless steel
Authors: Li Fangpo , Wang Bangyu , Han Laihui , Han Tao , Lou Yuxin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To improve the phase balance in the weld metal of keyhole gas tungsten arc welding (K-GTAW) joint, the Ni element was added in a form of pasting a certain width and thickness (depending on the added content) of nickel band on the I-type groove. The results show that three different convection zones along thickness direction, which are the Marangoni convection, a convection driven by Lorentz force, as well as a transition layer. And then the chemical composition (Ni element content) and solidification mode transform along thickness direction. Therefore, the lathy, acicular and Widmanstätten austenite, in turn, appear along thickness direction. Meanwhile, the intensity of Kurjdumov-Sachs (K-S) orientation relationships ORs dominants gradually.
Implementation of metal ductile damage criteria in Abaqus FEA
Authors: Li Fukun , Yuan Hao , Liu Huijuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ductile damages often happen on metal structures under large deformations. In the current paper, the ductile damage criteria are discussed from the microscopic mechanism to metal ductile fracture models. Abaqus FEA makes the metal ductile damage criteria easy to be applied for practical problems. Therefore, the paper finally presents the detailed implementation of the ductile damage criteria in Abaqus FEA to describe the metal damage and degradation, simulating the ductile failure process with higher fidelity.
Recent progress on charge-reversal polymeric nanocarriers for cancer treatments
Authors: Sun Qingmei , Zhu Yunqing , Du Jianzhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nanocarriers (NCs) for delivery anticancer therapeutics have been under development for decades. Although great progress has been achieved, the clinic translation is still in the infancy. The key challenge lies in the biological barriers which lie between the NCs and the target spots, including blood circulation, tumor penetration, cellular uptake, endo-/lysosomal escape, intracellular therapeutics release and organelle targeting. Each barrier has its own distinctive microenvironment and requires different surface charge. To address this challenge, charge-reversal polymeric NCs have been a hot topic, which are capable of overcoming each delivery barrier, by reversing their charges in response to certain biological stimuli in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, the triggering mechanisms of charge reversal, including pH, enzyme and redox approaches are summarized. Then the corresponding design principles of charge-reversal NCs for each delivery barrier are discussed. More importantly, the limitations and future prospects of charge-reversal NCs in clinical applications are proposed.
The importance of health co-benefits under different climate policy cooperation frameworks
Authors: Scovronick Noah , Anthoff David , Dennig Francis , Errickson Frank , Ferranna Maddalena , Peng Wei , Spears Dean , Wagner Fabian , Budolfson Mark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions has the ‘co-benefit’ of also reducing air pollution and associated impacts on human health. Here, we incorporate health co-benefits into estimates of the optimal climate policy for three different climate policy regimes. The first fully internalizes the climate externality at the global level via a uniform carbon price (the ‘cooperative equilibrium’), thus minimizing total mitigation costs. The second connects to the concept of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’ where nations coordinate their actions while accounting for different national capabilities considering socioeconomic conditions. The third assumes nations act only in their own self-interest. We find that air quality co-benefits motivate substantially reduced emissions under all three policy regimes, but that some form of global cooperation is required to prevent runaway temperature rise. However, co-benefits do warrant high levels of mitigation in certain regions even in the self-interested case, suggesting that air quality impacts may expand the range of possible policy outcomes whereby global temperatures do not increase unabated.
A Hamiltonian approach for obtaining irreducible projective representations and the k ⋅ p perturbation for anti-unitary symmetry groups
Authors: Yang Zhen-Yuan , Yang Jian , Fang Chen , Liu Zheng-Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As is known, the irreducible projective representations (Reps) of anti-unitary groups contain three different situations, namely, the real, the complex and quaternionic types with torsion number 1, 2, 4 respectively. This subtlety increases the complexity in obtaining irreducible projective Reps of anti-unitary groups. In the present work, a physical approach is introduced to derive the condition of irreducibility for projective Reps of anti-unitary groups. Then a practical procedure is provided to reduce an arbitrary projective Rep into direct sum of irreducible ones. The central idea is to construct a Hermitian Hamiltonian matrix which commutes with the representation of every group element g ∈ G, such that each of its eigenspaces forms an irreducible representation space of the group G. Thus the Rep is completely reduced in the eigenspaces of the Hamiltonian. This approach is applied in the k ⋅ p effective theory at the high symmetry points (HSPs) of the Brillouin zone for quasi-particle excitations in magnetic materials. After giving the criterion to judge the power of single-particle dispersion around an HSP, we then provide a systematic procedure to construct the k ⋅ p effective model.
Brutalism in the Architecture of Polish Churches
Authors: Niebrzydowski Wojciech 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The main research problem presented in the article is the impact of brutalism on sacral architecture in Poland. The author analyses six churches built in the second half of the 20th century. In addition, he compares their features with the global brutalist trend of this period. The following churches were examined in the article: Church of St. Michael in Sopot, Church of Our Lady the Queen of Poland in Kraków – Nowa Huta, Church of St. Jan Kanty in Poznań, Church of Our Lady of Sorrows in Łódź, Church of St. Jadwiga the Queen in Kraków, Church of St. Joseph the Worker in Kielce. The brutalist style in architecture was initiated in the 1950s. It was based on Le Corbusier’s post-war buildings and the architectural program developed by Alison and Peter Smithson called the New Brutalism. The brutalist style quickly spread throughout the world, reaching its apogee in the 1960s. In Poland, however, it was introduced relatively late and to a limited extent. Its influence is particularly visible in the architecture of Polish universities, apartment buildings, but most of all churches. The search for original, monumental forms of contemporary religious buildings coincided with such features of brutalism as individualism, strong expression and the use of raw materials. The new churches had to be different from the clichéd, standard and often repeatable buildings of socialist modernism. Brutalist architects in other countries followed similar assumptions. They rejected machine aesthetics of functionalism and preferred dramatized, complex forms. Based on the analysis of the presented churches, brutalist features and elements characteristic of Polish sacral architecture were indicated, including: monumentality, massive plasticity, complexity, strong chiaroscuro effects, expressive and sculptural forms, exposure of internal functions in building facades, emphasizing the importance of movement and articulating elements of pedestrian circulation, preferring craftsmanship over industrial methods. Architects often created rhythms on facades by repeating structural elements, and also introduced reinforced concrete details such as: roofs, gargoyles, window frames, brise soleil and ondulatoires. They favored rough and picturesque textures of concrete, brick and stone.
Harmonization of Conflicts in Contact Zones Between Dense Urban Landscape and Protected Natural Areas; Case Study Devinska Kobyla (Bratislava, Slovakia)
Authors: Turzova Maria , Gazova Daniela , Husar Milan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the processes of harmonization of the interests of green infrastructure and urban development of specific areas at the urban fringe. The case study of Devinska Kobyla (Natura 2000 site) is located within the landscape with a high density of urbanization in Bratislava located in close proximity to the protected areas of Little Carpathians. The management and planning of contact zones are one of the tools for avoiding fragmentation of the landscape, but one of its limitations in practice is that the concept of contact zones of urban and natural structures [1] is not properly reflected in the existing policies, despite huge conflicts threatening the conservation areas. Therefore, the conflicting behaviour and multi-actor decision-making of stakeholders with conflicting interests, such as residents and vacationers, environmentalists, municipalities, developers and activists lead to fragile sustainability of these areas. Consequently, there is a need to cultivate the spaces - to develop them into deeper levels of understanding, participation and sharing [2] - by a thorough impact assessment, visionary planning, innovative design and sensitive management in the complexity. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations projected in the plan of measures for sustainable development of natural areas of Bratislava urban fringe developed in cooperation with local key stakeholders (Daphne and BROZ NGOs) [3] and State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic as the Natura 2000 Bratislava partners. Using the methods of the field research, analysing historical and existing characteristics of the sites, participation of residents and visitors and consulting with experts, the landscape planning design proposal had been developed. The project segments – the buffer zones – were designed in greater details. These buffer zones respect both the values of nature and also human demands on democratic, accessible places with more opportunities for sociability, involving the concept of learning landscape design. The paper contributes to the debates on practical examples of harmonization of various interests in specific locations of contact zones by design and planning, minimising fragmentation of ecological corridors, solving it by spatial planning and landscape design.
Spatial Planning Tools as a Key Element for Implementation of the Strategy for an Integrated Governance System of Historical Built Areas within the Central Europe Region
Authors: Ondrejička Vladimír , Ladzianska Zuzana , Finka Maroš , Baloga Martin , Husár Milan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A strategy represents a plan of actions designed to achieve a long-term vision, mission and related goals according to a generic definition. Regardless of the quality of a strategy, it is still the only plan or framework that needs to be implemented. For reaching the genuine effects and qualities incorporated within the objectives of the strategy, a wide set of integrative tools needs to be considered. Especially, when we are talking about the integrative strategy not only from a territorial point of view but also content, sources, challenges, time or multilevel integration. The strategy for the integrated governance system of historical built areas (later also as HBA) in Central Europe is precisely this type of integrative strategy. The paper is focused on the provision of an overview of available integrative spatial planning tools (socio-economic, land-use, land-scape planning tools) which have the potential to support or realise implementation of the goals. Spatial planning offers wide range of integrative approaches and tools supporting the participation of all groups of stakeholders, which is also a key aspect of successful implementation of this kind of strategies. The article demonstrates this approach on best practice from the city of Poprad (Slovakia) where historical built areas (HBAs) are important parts of the city and the strategy for the integrated governance system of HBA in Central Europe covering also this city. The paper, in particular, summarizes the preliminary outputs of international project BhENEFIT supported by Interreg Central Europe Programme. The project is focused on improving sustainable management approaches of historic built areas and looking for novel solutions improving decision-making and managing processes efficiently, through a strategy-based approach and effective monitoring and assessing, risk prevention, environmental sustainability, conservation and re-use.
The Impact of Sample Compaction Temperatures on the Characteristics of Bituminous Concrete
Authors: Belc Anda Ligia , Marc Paul , Belc Florin , Stirb Adelin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The compaction of bituminous layers is the operation that determines the asphalt mixtures to reduce their air voids until the desired density is obtained, at the suitable temperature and with specific equipment, in order to reach the physical-mechanical characteristics designed in well-controlled laboratory conditions. The realization of these objectives can be slightly altered by a number of factors which can intervene during the construction, such as: temperatures in the technological process (production, transportation, laying and compaction), weather conditions (atmospheric temperature, wind, humidity, transport distance), type of compactor (certain types of a single device or complex compaction equipment), thickness of the layer, alteration of the mixture during laying, etc. Most of the research concerning the compaction deals with identifying the factors affecting the site compaction and the way they can influence the realization of the designed density, starting from the premise that the reference results offered by the laboratory are those obtained in standardized conditions. The research presented in the paper aims at emphasizing the way different preparation and compaction temperatures influence the physical-mechanical characteristics of a laboratory prepared asphalt concrete. It started from the question of whether these characteristics are significantly influenced by the temperature variation or if they range between “acceptable” tolerances. For clarification, the authors prepared asphalt concrete samples for the wearing course, according to the Romanian technical standards, at different preparation and compaction temperatures, in laboratory-controlled conditions. The determined physical-mechanical characteristics were: density, voids, water absorption, Marshall stability, water sensitivity, dynamic flow and rigidity. The results obtained confirm that, for most of the determined characteristics, the temperatures used significantly influence the values obtained. Also, the paper presents a comparative study between the results obtained in the mentioned conditions in the case of three different bitumen dosages, which are 4,8; 5,2 and 5,7% binder by the weight of the asphalt mix. It was found that the variation of the binder content introduces an additional altering factor as to the preparation and compaction temperature.
Designing Slab-Column Constructions due to the Possibility of a Progressive Collapse Caused by a Punching
Authors: Wieczorek Miroslaw , Wieczorek Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
When designing slab-column structures, one of the most important elements is an adequate protection of the support zone. The main problem when designing this zone is the possibility of a punching. This phenomenon is the main cause of failures, damages and progressive collapse of slab-column structures. The article presents standard methods for calculating support zones after a punching. The calculations were verified by a few experimental researches.
Designing of Slab-Column Structures Due to Additional Loads
Authors: Wieczorek Miroslaw 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The introduction of Eurocodes in the designing practices led to the change of methodology of the floor reinforcement, particularly for slab-column floors. Until now, the most important decisive factor was the determination and arrangement of reinforcement due to the limit states; any other problems were treated as additional information. At present designers - constructors of reinforcement in slab-column structures have to follow Eurocodes (PN-EN 1990:2004, PN-EN 1991-1-1:2004, PN-EN 1991-1-7:2008) in taking into account first and foremost the following threats accidental loadings and fires, as they influence further stages of the designing process. The article presents the most important design guidelines for slab-column structures due to accidental loads.
Status of building information modelling (BIM) in construction practice-UK context
Authors: Qureshi Tanvir , Hasani Muhannad Al 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the level of Building Information Modelling (BIM) practices in the current UK construction industries. A survey was undertaken which contains a series of a self-explanatory questionnaire. The survey analysis provides an understanding of the level of BIM in practice and how BIM can be incorporated in the future construction industries from theory to practice. Findings suggest that most big companies are in the process of adopting BIM at some level of practice, while small companies are dropped behind. BIM is also very much depending on the clients’ demand and the project complexity. Overall, the infrastructure construction industry is moving forward in the direction of complete BIM in practice.
Structural performance of nano-silica based blended CFST stub circular column
Authors: Bisht Himanshu , Gupta Aakash , Srinivas Dodda , Adak Dibyendu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study is to find the optimum percentage replacement of cement with the nano-silica in a concrete mix to improve the structural performance Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) stub circular column under the axial compressive load. The CFST stub columns with circular cross-sectional area of conventional concrete mix (without nS) and nano-silica blended concrete mix (with nS-CFST) had been experimentally and numerically studied. The amorphous silica is a major component of the cementitious materials, and it reacts with the calcium hydroxide, which is comprised of the calcium silicate hydration. The addition of this nano-silica affects the different properties of the concrete and increases its performance. On the other hand, CFST is known for the composite behavior generated between the hollow tube of steel and a core constructed of concrete, which improves the collected performance of the member. In present study, the concrete mix of M25 had been modified with 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of nano silica. The structural behavior of stub columns (with / without nS) are assessed under axial compressive load. Also, the CFST stub columns were then modelled into ABAQUS for finite element analysis. The nano-silica blended concrete in CFST stub columns showed an improved the structural performance than the conventional cement concrete stub circular CFST column.
Rheological and strength behaviour of red mud - slag geopolymer composites
Authors: Sreelekshmi S , Chandran Remya S , Varghese Sera Rachel , Naeem  , Raju Thushara , Ramaswamy K P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Alkali activated concrete (AAC) is accepted as impending alternatives to conventional Ordinary Portland cement concrete in order to limit CO2 emissions as well as beneficiate a number of wastes into useful products. This study aims to explore the possibilities of using red mud, which is a waste product of aluminum manufacturing industry, as a geopolymer solid binder. The fresh properties such as setting time, workability and penetration resistance and the hardened properties like compressive strength and ultra-sonic pulse velocity (UPV) test of various red mud mixes along with fly ash (FA) and slag are found out. Also some of the specimens were immersed in water to check if there is any leaching. From the study it was identified that the mix with 25% red mud and 75% slag gives a better workability and strength characteristics.
Design comparison of conventional steel structure with pre - engineered structure
Authors: Jacob Bishbu , Althaf M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The pre-engineered buildings are the steel buildings which are predesigned and prefabricated. For pre-engineered structure the member size is provided as per the requirement at the location and hence the members are tapered in nature. The study is on the design of the pre-engineered structure and its comparison with conventional structure. The objective of the study is to analyze and design a structure as a conventional steel structure and Pre-engineered structure and to compare the design of the structure in terms of structure weight. The use of cold-formed steel sections as secondary members reduces the self-weight of the pre-engineered structure. It was expected that the pre-engineered buildings will be more economical than conventional structure.
Analytical study on seismic response of RC and steel structures with fluid viscous dampers
Authors: Subasini Y , Sivakumar C G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of Fluid Viscous Damper (FVD) in mitigating the seismic response of both Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Steel structures. The aim of the study is to understand the behavior of the seismic resistant structures and to study the advantages of FVD over other dampers. The study is done to determine the optimum positioning of FVD in order to reduce the storey displacements and storey drifts. G+3, G+5, G+7 RC and steel structures were modeled in SAP2000 software and were subjected to non linear time history analysis under three different earthquake ground motions such as Imperial Valley – 02 (1940), Loma Prieta (1989) and Northridge-01 (1994). The dampers were placed in four different configurations such as alternate (AT), corner (CR), diagonal (DL) and middle (ML). The seismic response parameters such as the storey displacements and the storey drifts were determined for the structures. It is found that the presence of FVD reduces the storey displacement and storey drift values to about 40-70% from the uncontrolled structure. It is also understood that the optimum positioning of the dampers is greatly influenced by the aspect ratio of the building.