bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and 2 and Yes-associated protein 1 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer and the clinicopathological significance
Authors: Feng Yang , Ci Hongfei , Wu Qiong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and aim:
Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and 2 (MST1/2) and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) are the core molecules of the Hippo signaling pathway, which have been found to be unbalanced in the occurrence of tumors and promote the development of the lesions. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of MST1/2 and YAP1 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and their clinicopathological significance.

Methods:
Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of protein in tissues. According to the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, the expression intensity of MST1/2 and YAP1 proteins in the tissue samples was scored, and the correlation between MST1/2 and the clinicopathological features of TNBC were discussed.

Results:
The expression of MST1/2 and YAP1 was associated with histological grade, metastasis, lymph node metastasis stage, and tumor node metastasis stage. The overexpression of YAP1 predicted a poor prognosis in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival time. The MST1/2 expression was associated with improved overall survival and disease free survival of the patients.

Conclusion:
MST1/2 and YAP1 may be used as prognostic indicators to evaluate the recurrence of TNBC and might become one of the new targets for breast cancer treatment.
Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on perioperative hemodynamics and recovery profile of patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery
Authors: Kim Young Sung , Chang Hae Wone , Kim Heezoo , Park Jong Sun , Won Young Ju 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
Laryngeal microsurgery (LMS) causes hemodynamic instability and postoperative agitation, cough, pain, nausea, and vomiting. Moreover, because of a short operation time, it is associated with challenging anesthetic management. The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of continuous administration of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil in inducing general anesthesia in patients undergoing LMS.

Methods:
This is a prospective randomized control design. Continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (group D) or remifentanil (group R) was administered from 10 minutes before the induction of anesthesia to the end of surgery. In both groups, 1.5 mg/kg propofol and 0.5 mg/kg rocuronium were administered for the induction of anesthesia, and desflurane were titrated during the measurement of the bispectral index. We recorded hemodynamic data, recovery time, grade of cough, pain score, and analgesic requirements during the perioperative period.

Results:
61 patients were finally analyzed (30 for group D, 31 for group R). The incidence of moderate to severe postoperative sore throat was higher in group R than in group D (42% vs 10%, P = .008), and the quantity of rescue fentanyl used in post-anesthesia care unit was significantly higher in group R than in group D (23.2 ± 24.7 mg vs 3.3 ± 8.6 mg; P < .001); however, the time required for eye opening was significantly longer in group D than in group R (599.4 ± 177.9 seconds vs 493.5 ± 103.6 seconds; P = .006). The proportion of patients with no cough or single cough during extubation was comparable between the 2 groups (group D vs group R: 73% vs 70%) as was the incidence of hemodynamic instability.

Conclusion:
Although there was a transient delay in emergence time, dexmedetomidine reduced postoperative opioid use and the incidence of sore throat. Dexmedetomidine may be used as an alternative agent to opioids in patients undergoing LMS.
Impact of switching to tenofovir alafenamide on weight gain as compared to maintaining a non-tenofovir alafenamide containing regimen
Authors: Darnell Julia , Jain Sonia , Sun Xiaoying , Qin Huifang , Reynolds Timothy , Karris Maile Young , Hill Lucas A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Evaluate the impact of switching to an anti-retroviral regimen containing tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on weight and the development of metabolic complications compared to remaining on a non-TAF containing regimen.
Single-center retrospective case-control study.
We evaluated people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) who were on an anti-retroviral regimen not containing TAF and were switched to a regimen containing TAF between January 1, 2016 and September 30, 2018. The control group included PLWH on a TAF free regimen throughout the study period. The primary outcome was change in weight from baseline to 12 months postswitch. Secondary outcomes included percent change in weight, change in body mass index (BMI), change in BMI class, and new diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (HLD) during the study period.
PLWH switched to TAF (n = 446) demonstrated significantly greater mean increase in weight compared to the control group (n = 162) (1.97 vs 0.88 kg, P = .01), however the effect was only seen in those switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Those that switched to TAF also had a significantly higher percent increase in weight, increase in BMI, and BMI class. We observed a higher rate of new diagnosis of HLD in the control group compared to the TAF switch group during the study period.
PLWH switched to TAF had greater increases in weight after 1 year as compared to those continuing on a TAF free regimen. However, this did not translate to higher rates of obesity related illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and HLD during the follow up period.
Effect of maternal age on maternal and perinatal outcomes including cesarean delivery following induction of labor in uncomplicated elderly primigravidae
Authors: Jeong Yeonseong , Choo Sung Pil , Yun Jisun , Kim Eui Hyeok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Age above 35 years at the time of birth is generally referred to as advanced maternal age (AMA), and it could be a risk factor for various complications besides genetic changes in the fetus. The primary outcome of this study was to determine if AMA is associated with emergent cesarean delivery (CD) following induction of labor (IOL). The secondary outcomes were a composite of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes following IOL.
This retrospective observational study included women with singleton, live-born, cephalic, non-anomalous pregnancies undergoing IOL from 38 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation. Mode of delivery and other maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between women aged ≥35 (AMA) and <35 years. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.
A total of 307 nulliparous women underwent IOL (≥35 years n = 73, 23.8%; <35 years n = 234, 76.2%) and among them, 252 (82.1%) delivered vaginally. The rate of CD was significantly higher in women of AMA (31.5% vs 13.7%, P = .001). Multivariable analysis showed that AMA was independently associated with CD (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 1.55–5.96, P = .001). The rate of instrumental deliveries was higher in the AMA group (19.6% vs 8.2%, P = .043) and hemoglobin decrease during delivery was similar between the 2 groups (1.90 ± 1.25 vs 2.02 ± 1.27 mg/dL, all P > .05). Regarding neonatal outcomes, there was no difference between the 2 groups in the neonatal intensive care unit admission rate and Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes (30.3% vs 30.1% and 6.0% vs 8.2%, respectively, all P > .05). Neonatal intubation rate and severe respiratory problems were non-significantly higher in AMA (3.8% vs 2.7% and 3.4% vs 1.4%, respectively, all P > .05).
AMA was associated with an approximately three-fold increased likelihood of birth by CD and operative vaginal delivery in uncomplicated nulliparous women following IOL. However, we found no evidence that IOL in primigravid women of AMA increases adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes as compared with women aged <35 years except the high prevalence of CD and operative vaginal delivery.
Comparison of results of transcatheter femoral aortic valve replacement under local and general anesthesia
Authors: Han Xiangxiang , Liu Shidong , Wang Jialu , Chen Hao , Chen Yang , Song Bing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
Traditionally, TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) has been performed under general anesthesia (GA). Thus GA facilitates the use of TEE (Transesophageal echocardiography), and the use of TEE is an important means to improve the quality of cardiac surgery and reduce postoperative complications. However, GA was also associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, longer hospitalization and intensive care unit hours, and the need for positive inotropic agents. With increasing clinical experience and advances in transcatheter techniques, transfemoral TAVR may also be feasible under local anesthesia (LA). Studies have shown that LA can avoid hemodynamic fluctuations caused by general anesthesia and lung damage caused by positive pressure ventilation, and can also reduce medical costs.

Methods:
Two researchers independently read the titles and abstracts of the literature obtained. After excluding the studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, they read through the full text of the remaining literatures to determine whether they truly met the inclusion criteria. When two researchers disagree on the included literature, the third researcher decides whether to include it or not. For literature with incomplete data, contact the author via email for unpublished data. The included studies were assessed by two researchers for the risk of bias, and cross-checked. Stata16.0 was used for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by χ2 test and I2 quantification. Pooled analysis was performed by random effects model. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding references one by one. We will perform subgroup analysis based on data conditions.

Results:
In this study, high quality evidence was provided by selecting local anesthesia and general anesthesia during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement for patients with primary arterial stenosis.

Conclusion:
Local anesthesia provides anaesthetic-guided sedation that does not require intubation and is safe and effective. Local anesthesia may be a better alternative to TAVR under general anesthesia.

Ethics and dissemination:
The study does not require ethical approval.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY202170078
Reflux esophagitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kang Hyeon Hui , Seo Minji , Lee Jongmin , Ha So Young , Oh Jung Hwan , Lee Sang Haak 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and reflux esophagitis (RE) was controversial. We investigated the factors influencing RE development in patients with COPD and evaluated the association between RE and AECOPD.
Patients with COPD who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy from January 2003 to December 2013 in St. Paul's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea (Seoul, Korea) were enrolled retrospectively. The grade of RE was based on the Los Angeles classification and minimal change esophagitis. Body mass index, smoking history, medical history, AECOPD, pulmonary function test data, endoscopic findings, and comorbidities were reviewed.
Of a total of 218 patients with COPD, 111 (50.9%) were diagnosed with RE. None of age, sex, smoking history, or the severity of airflow limitation was associated with RE. AECOPD was not related to either the presence or severity of RE. There was no significant correlation between RE grade by Los Angeles classification and severity of airflow limitation (P = .625). Those who had RE used theophylline (P = .003) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (P = .026) significantly more often than did controls. The use of theophylline (OR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.16–3.65, P = .014) was associated with an increased incidence of RE.
The use of theophylline might increase the risk of RE in COPD patients. RE may not be associated with airflow limitation or AECOPD.
Novel Surgical Technique for Correction of Incomplete Median Cleft Lip Deformity in Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type II
Authors: Osawa Masayuki , Yamamoto Yuhei , Fujita Munezumi , Maeda Taku , Funayama Emi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDSs) represent a heterogenous group of embryonic development disorders characterized by malformations of the face, oral cavity, and extremities. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type II is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by median cleft lip, gingival frenula, cleft lobulated tongue, and polydactyly. There are few reports on surgical techniques for correction of incomplete median cleft lip. Here we describe a novel surgical method that we used to correct an incomplete median cleft lip in a 5-year-old girl with oral-facial-digital syndrome type II. She had previously undergone surgery for congenital heart disease, oral anomalies, and polydactyly. Cheiloplasty was performed at 5 years and 8 months using a surgical approach that focused on repair of the median tubercle using lateral labial elements. A reasonably good Cupid's bow and median tubercle were achieved. Our technique for surgical correction of moderate incomplete median cleft lip provides adequate philtral height, vermillion fullness, and a good-shaped Cupid's bow.
Altered cerebellar oscillations in Parkinson’s disease patients during cognitive and motor tasks
Authors: Bosch Taylor J. , Groth Christopher , Eldridge Tiffany A. , Gnimpieba Etienne Z. , Baugh Lee A. , Singh Arun 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTStructural and functional abnormalities in the cerebellar region have been shown in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since the cerebellar region has been associated with cognitive and lower-limb motor functions, it is imperative to study cerebellar oscillations in PD. Here, we evaluated cerebellar electroencephalography (EEG) during cognitive processing and lower-limb motor performances in PD. Cortical and cerebellar EEG were collected from 74 PD patients and 37 healthy control subjects during a 7-second interval timing task, 26 PD patients and 13 controls during a lower-limb pedaling task, and 23 PD patients during eyes-open/closed resting conditions. Analyses were focused on the mid-cerebellar Cbz electrode and further compared to the mid-occipital Oz and mid-frontal Cz electrodes. Increased alpha-band power was observed during the eyes-closed resting-state condition over Oz, but no change in alpha power was observed over Cbz. PD patients showed higher dispersion when performing the 7-second interval timing cognitive task and executed the pedaling motor task with reduced speed compared to controls. PD patients exhibited attenuated cue-triggered theta-band power over Cbz during both the interval timing and pedaling motor tasks. Connectivity measures between Cbz and Cz showed theta-band differences, but only during the pedaling motor task. Cbz oscillatory activity also differed from Oz across multiple frequency bands in both groups during both tasks. Our cerebellar EEG data along with previous magnetoencephalography and animal model studies clearly show the alteration in the cerebellar oscillations during cognitive and motor processing in PD.
White matter disruption as a cause or consequence of schizophrenia: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jefsen Oskar Hougaard , Speed Maria , Friston Karl John , Østergaard Søren Dinesen , Speed Doug 
Published: August 2021

Brief abstractSchizophrenia is hypothesized to be caused by impaired functional integration in the brain, and this could hypothetically be caused by white matter disruptions, synaptic dysfunction, or both. Neuroimaging studies consistently show reduced fractional anisotropy, a measure of white matter integrity, in patients with schizophrenia. Using Mendelian randomization, we show that these white matter changes are likely to be the consequence of a primary synaptopathy in schizophrenia.
Sensitivity of wastewater-based epidemiology for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a low prevalence setting
Authors: Hewitt Joanne , Trowsdale Sam , Armstrong Bridget , Chapman Joanne R. , Carter Kirsten , Croucher Dawn , Billiau Cassandra , Sim Rosemary , Gilpin Brent J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo assist public health responses to COVID-19, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is being utilised internationally to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infections at the community level. However, questions remain regarding the sensitivity of WBE and its use in low prevalence settings. In this study, we estimated the total number of COVID-19 cases required for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. To do this, we leveraged a unique situation where, over a 4-month period, all symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, in a population of approximately 120,000, were precisely known and mainly located in a single managed isolation and quarantine facility (MIQF) building. From 9 July to 6 November 2020, 24-hr composite wastewater samples (n = 113) were collected daily from the sewer outside the MIQF, and from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located 5 km downstream. New daily COVID-19 cases at the MIQF ranged from 0 to 17, and for most of the study period there were no cases outside the MIQF identified. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 54.0% (61/113) at the WWTP, compared to 95.6% (108/113) at the MIQF. We used logistic regression to estimate the shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA into wastewater based on four infectious shedding models. With a total of 5 and 10 COVID-19 infectious cases per 100,000 population (0.005 % and 0.01% prevalence) the predicated probability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection at the WWTP was estimated to be 28 and 41%, respectively. When a more realistic proportional shedding model was used, this increased to 58% and 87% for 5 and 10 cases, respectively. In other words, when 10 individuals were actively shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a catchment of 100,000 individuals, there was a high likelihood of detecting viral RNA in wastewater. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detections at the WWTP were associated with increasing COVID-19 cases. Our results show that WBE provides a reliable and sensitive platform for detecting infections at the community scale, even when case prevalence is low, and can be of use as an early warning system for community outbreaks.HighlightsOver 4 months, all 0-17 new daily cases in one quarantine building, catchment 120,000 populationWastewater tested daily at quarantine building and downstream wastewater treatment plant, WWTPSARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in 95.6% (108/113) at the MIQF and 54.0% (61/113) at the WWTPSARS-CoV-2 RNA detections at the WWTP associated with increasing COVID-19 casesProbability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection of 87% with 0.01% total case prevalenceGraphical Abstract
Depression Remission and Response Rates and Anxiety Response as a Predictor of Depression Response in a Community ECT Clinic
Authors: VanBronkhorst Sara B. , Edwards Evonne M. , Saleem Ali A. , Evans Darci L. , Achtyes Eric D. , Nykamp Louis , Sanders William J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess depression response and remission rates with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a community clinic and to identify factors predicting success in treatment.MethodsWe identified 35 patients by a retrospective chart review with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or depressive disorder not otherwise specified (according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR) who were treated with an acute series of ECT at the Pine Rest ECT Clinic from March, 2014 to March, 2015. Clinical variables, demographics, depression response rates (based on Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), and anxiety response rates (based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item) were analyzed.ResultsDepression response (defined as ≥ 50% reduction in PHQ-9 score) and remission rates (defined as final PHQ-9 score < 5) were 54.3% and 31.4%, respectively. This was a highly treatment resistant sample, with an average of 5.3 antidepressant failures prior to initiating ECT. Logistic regression analysis found that depression response rates were predicted by an improvement in anxiety symptoms (odds ratio 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.11, 1.78). Additionally, patients with initial severe anxiety scores were less likely than other patients to exhibit a response in depression (p= .027).ConclusionAlmost half of this sample of patients with treatment resistant depression did not respond to ECT in this community-based clinic. Patients who experienced a response in anxiety symptoms were more likely to experience a depression response while those with severe anxiety were less likely to respond.
Population-level survey of loss-of-function mutations revealed that background dependent fitness genes are rare and functionally related in yeast
Authors: Caudal Elodie , Friedrich Anne , Jallet Arthur , Garin Marion , Hou Jing , Schacherer Joseph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn natural populations, the same mutation can lead to different phenotypic outcomes due to the genetic variation that exists among individuals. Such genetic background effects are commonly observed, including in the context of many human diseases. However, systematic characterization of these effects at the species level is still lacking to date. Here, we sought to comprehensively survey background-dependent traits associated with gene loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in 39 natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a transposon saturation strategy. By analyzing the modeled fitness variability of a total of 4,469 genes, we found that 15% of them, when impacted by a LoF mutation, exhibited a significant gain- or loss-of-fitness phenotype in certain natural isolates compared to the reference strain S288C. Out of these 632 genetic background-dependent fitness genes identified, a total of 2/3 show a continuous variation across the population while 1/3 are specific to a single genetic background. Genes related to mitochondrial function are significantly overrepresented in the set of genes showing a continuous variation and display a potential functional rewiring with other genes involved in transcription and chromatin remodeling as well as in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport. Such rewiring effects are likely modulated by both the genetic background and the environment. While background-specific cases are rare and span diverse cellular processes, they can be functionally related at the individual level. All background-dependent fitness genes tend to have an intermediate connectivity in the global genetic interaction network and have shown relaxed selection pressure at the population level, highlighting their potential evolutionary characteristics.