bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Взаимосвязь самоотношения и глазодвигательных паттернов при восприятии женщинами собственного лица
Authors: Яровая Наталья П. , Аравийская Елена Р. , Зуева Вероника С. , Скуратова Ксения А. , Шелепин Евгений Ю. 
Published: April 2021

Введение. Доказывается актуальность исследования окуломоторной активности при восприятии собственного лица в контексте самоотношения. Анализ глазодвигательной активности позволяет лучше понять перцептивные стратегии восприятия собственной внешности и изучить их взаимосвязь с механизмами самоотношения. Новизна заключается в изучении восприятия собственного лица с применением айтрекинга на психически здоровой выборке женщин и сопоставление полученных метрик с самоотношением женщин. У молодых женщин восприятие собственных привлекательных черт и недостатков связано с компонентами самоотношения, включающими оценку окружающих; для женщин зрелого возраста более характерен механизм, ориентированный на внутренние процессы своего Я.
Методы. Использовались психодиагностический метод («Опросник самоотношения» В. В. Столина, С. Р. Пантилеева), структурированное интервью, психофизиологический метод айтрекинга. Обследована 31 женщина в возрасте от 20 до 48 лет.
Результаты. У молодых женщин обнаружена статистически значимая взаимосвязь между: индексом внимания к привлекательным чертам внешности и такими компонентами самоотношения, как аутосимпатия (r = 0,581), самообвинение (r = –0,589), самоинтерес (r = 0,543), самопонимание (r = 0,509); процентом времени, уделяемым просмотру привлекательных черт внешности, и интегральной шкалой самоотношения (r = 0,513); процентом времени, уделяемым просмотру недостатков внешности, и отношением Других (r = 0,616), самообвинением (r = 0,522). У зрелых женщин коррелируют: индекс внимания к привлекательным чертам внешности и самоуважение (r = 0,610); общее время просмотра собственного лица и самоинтерес (r = 0,524); процент времени, уделяемый просмотру недостатков внешности, и самоуважение (r = –0,548).
Обсуждение результатов. Рассматриваются два механизма восприятия собственной внешности, в зависимости от возрастной группы респондентов. Экстернальный механизм самовосприятия характерен для молодых женщин, интернальный – для зрелых женщин. Делается вывод о практической значимости исследования и возможности применения врачами-косметологами, пластическими хирургами и психологами.
Имплицитная расовая идентичность российских школьников на этапе коммитмента
Authors: Гудзовская Алла А. , Мышкина Марина С. 
Published: April 2021

Введение. Актуальность исследования расовой идентичности обусловлена условиями транзитивности современного социального пространства, взаимопроникновением разных культур, значимостью расовой идентичности в расово неоднородных обществах, примером которых является российское общество, в котором исторически представлены две расы: европеоидная и монголоидная. Новизна исследования заключается в рассмотрении проблемы имплицитной расовой идентичности у российских детей. Вводится понятие этапа коммитмента как проявления интереса к другим группам, независимо от осознанности или имплицитности собственной идентичности. Концептуальным основанием исследования являются: теория социальной идентичности и социальной категоризации Г. Тэджфела, Дж. Тернера, коммитмент-подход в моделях формирования расовой идентичности Ю. В. Ставропольского, Дж. Марсиа.
Методы. Исследование основано на эксперименте с предпочтениями. Испытуемым предлагались фотоизображения лиц европеоидной, монголоидной, экваториальной рас разного пола. Они должны были выбрать партнера для взаимодействия в личной или социальной сфере. Фиксировались количество выборов и количество категорий, использованных испытуемыми в ходе эксперимента. Применялись статистические критерии, однофакторный дисперсионный анализ.
Результаты. Раздел содержит данные экспериментального исследования, проведенного на выборке из 290 человек (четыре возрастные подгруппы) от 7 до 11 лет. Значимых различий между возрастными подгруппами (1, 2, 3 и 4 классы) по расовым предпочтениям не получено. На расовые предпочтения влияет фактор пола. Ведущим фактором, влияющим на предпочтения при выборе партнера для взаимодействия по фотоизображению, является пол партнера, свой или противоположный.
Обсуждение результатов. Авторы интерпретируют результаты выбора партнера для взаимодействия как отражение имплицитной идентичности. Отмечается незначительное влияние критерия «расовая идентичность» в процессе социальной категоризации российскими младшими школьниками. Российские школьники проявляют интерес к взаимодействию с детьми всех рас, т. е. их имплицитная расовая идентичность находится на этапе коммитмента.
Recent Trend for EGFR-Based and ALK-Based Targets: A Patent Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hai-Long , Li Yiqian 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase play
key roles in tumorigenesis and disease progression. Currently, targeted therapy is a better approach
for cancer therapy compared with traditional chemotherapy. EGFR-based/ALK-based target therapies
are key targets for drug development in cancer therapy.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to show a recent trend in research and development of
EGFR-based/ALK-based targets and to better understand the Intellectual Property surrounding
EGFR-based and ALK-based targets.

Methods:
EGFR-based and ALK-based targets were analyzed by comprehensive US patent analysis.
US patents of EGFR-based/ALK-based targets were analyzed from September 2001 to September
2020.

Results:
The results indicated that the key technologies and methods of EGFR-based/ALK-based
targets were developed by large global pharmaceutical companies or American companies/universities.
Small molecular inhibitors showed a higher percentage in the number of patents of EGFRbased
targets. In addition, the present study also showed recent small molecular targeted drugs approved
by FDA.

Conclusion:
Global large pharmaceutical companies and American companies/universities have
obvious advantages in the research and development of targeted drugs. EGFR-based target was still
an attractive target for research and drug development in the past 10 years. Also, large global pharmaceutical
companies prefer to complete key technology research and development by independent
innovation instead of collaboration.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Introduction to the Theme
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Iovino Michele , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Pergola Giovanni De , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic compounds
deriving from different human activities and are widely spread into the environment, contributing
to indoor and outdoor pollution. EDCs may be conveyed by food and water consumption
and skin, airways, placental, and breastfeeding. Upon entering the circulation, they can interfere
with endocrine system homeostasis by several mechanisms.

Aim:
In this narrative review, the authors overviewed the leading mechanisms by which EDCs interact
and disrupt the endocrine system, leading to possible human health concerns.

Results:
The leading mechanisms of EDCs-related toxicity have been illustrated in in vitro studies
and animal models and may be summarized as follows: receptor agonism and antagonism; modulation
of hormone receptor expression; interference with signal transduction in hormone-responsive
cells; epigenetic modifications in hormone-producing or hormone-responsive cells; interference
with hormone synthesis; interference with hormone transport across cell membranes; interference
with hormone metabolism or clearance; interference with the destiny of hormone-producing or hormone-
responsive cells.

Discussion:
Despite these well-defined mechanisms, some limitations do not allow for conclusive
assumptions. Indeed, epidemiological and ecological studies are currently lacking and usually refer
to a specific cluster of patients (occupational exposure). Methodological aspects could further complicate
the issue since these studies could require a long time to provide useful information. The
lack of a real unexposed group in environmental conditions, possible interference of EDCs mixture
on biological results, and unpredictable dose-response curves for some EDCs should also be considered
significant limitations.

Conclusion:
Given these limitations, specific observational and long-term studies are needed to
identify at-risk populations for adequate treatment of exposed patients and effective prevention
plans against excessive exposure to EDCs.
“Ayurvedic System”: A New Possible Safe and Effective way to get Rid of
this Critical COVID-19 Pandemic Situation- A Review
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Sandhu Navjot K. 
Published: April 2021

:
The COVID-19 virus has become the most threatening infectious disease all over the
world. From the beginning of the pandemic till today, a large number of researches have been conducted
and are still going on to develop appropriate therapeutics that can prevent and cure this viral
infection successfully. But unfortunately, modern western medicine could not find any effective
drug that has no toxic effects on the host cell. TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) has shown
promising effects against COVID-19. The TCM contains naturally occurring herbal decoctions,
which have shown promising blocking of viral progression in the host cell. The ayurvedic formulations
containing homeopathic medicine, unani medicine and yoga altogether can counteract the
virus. However, the traditional medicine system is unable to cure properly, but it can be a possible
prevention strategy to stop this virus’ pandemicity. This review focuses on how ayurvedic
medicines, homeopathic treatment strategies and yoga can impact on preventing viral infection.
Sexual Health Influencer Distribution of HIV/Syphilis Self-Tests Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Secondary Analysis to Inform Community-Based Interventions
Authors: Yang Nancy , Wu Dan , Zhou Yi , Huang Shanzi , He Xi , Tucker Joseph , Li Xiaofeng , Smith Kumi M , Jiang Xiaohui , Wang Yehua , Huang Wenting , Fu Hongyun , Bao Huanyu , Jiang Hongbo , Dai Wencan , Tang Weiming 
Published: April 2021

Background
Social network–based strategies can expand HIV/syphilis self-tests among men who have sex with men (MSM). Sexual health influencers are individuals who are particularly capable of spreading information about HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) within their social networks. However, it remains unknown whether a sexual health influencer can encourage their peers to self-test for HIV/syphilis.

Objective
The aims of this study were to examine the impact of MSM sexual health influencers on improving HIV/syphilis self-test uptake within their social networks compared to that of nonsexual health influencers.

Methods
In Zhuhai, China, men 16 years or older, born biologically male, who reported ever having had sex with a man, and applying for HIV/syphilis self-tests were enrolled online as indexes and encouraged to distribute self-tests to individuals (alters) in their social network. Indexes scoring >3 on a sexual health influencer scale were considered to be sexual health influencers (Cronbach α=.87). The primary outcome was the mean number of alters encouraged to test per index for sexual health influencers compared with the number encouraged by noninfluencers.

Results
Participants included 371 indexes and 278 alters. Among indexes, 77 (20.8%) were sexual health influencers and 294 (79.2%) were noninfluencers. On average, each sexual health influencer successfully encouraged 1.66 alters to self-test compared to 0.51 alters encouraged by each noninfluencer (adjusted rate ratio 2.07, 95% CI 1.59-2.69). More sexual health influencers disclosed their sexual orientation (80.5% vs 67.3%, P=.02) and were community-based organization volunteers (18.2% vs 2.7%, P<.001) than noninfluencers. More alters of sexual health influencers came from a rural area (45.5% vs 23.8%, P<.001), had below-college education (57.7% vs 37.1%, P<.001), and had multiple casual male sexual partners in the past 6 months (25.2% vs 11.9%, P<.001).

Conclusions
Being a sexual health influencer was associated with encouraging more alters with less testing access to self-test for HIV/syphilis. Sexual health influencers can be engaged as seeds to expand HIV/syphilis testing coverage.
A Peer-to-Peer Live-Streaming Intervention for Children During COVID-19 Homeschooling to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Anxiety and Eye Strain: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zheng Yingfeng , Wang Wei , Zhong Yuxin , Wu Fengchun , Zhu Zhuoting , Tham Yih-Chung , Lamoureux Ecosse , Xiao Liang , Zhu Erta , Liu Haoning , Jin Ling , Liang Linyi , Luo Lixia , He Mingguang , Morgan Ian , Congdon Nathan , Liu Yizhi 
Published: April 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to worldwide school closures, with millions of children confined to online learning at home. As a result, children may be susceptible to anxiety and digital eye strain, highlighting a need for population interventions.

Objective
The objective of our study was to investigate whether a digital behavior change intervention aimed at promoting physical activity could reduce children’s anxiety and digital eye strain while undergoing prolonged homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
In this cluster randomized controlled trial, homeschooled grade 7 students at 12 middle schools in southern China were recruited through local schools and randomly assigned by the school to receive (1:1 allocation): (1) health education information promoting exercise and ocular relaxation, and access to a digital behavior change intervention, with live streaming and peer sharing of promoted activities (intervention), or (2) health education information only (control). The primary outcome was change in self-reported anxiety score. Secondary outcomes included change in self-reported eye strain and sleep quality.

Results
On March 16, 2020, 1009 children were evaluated, and 954 (94.5%) eligible children of consenting families were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Children in the intervention (n=485, 6 schools) and control (n=469, 6 schools) groups were aged 13.5 (SD 0.5) years, and 52.3% (n=499) were male. The assigned interventions were completed by 896 children (intervention: n=467, 96.3%; control: n=429, 91.5%). The 2-week change in square-root–transformed self-reported anxiety scores was greater in the intervention (–0.23, 95% CI –0.27 to –0.20) vs control group (0.12, 95% CI 0.09-0.16; unadjusted difference –0.36, 95% CI –0.63 to –0.08; P=.02). There was a significant reduction in square-root–transformed eye strain in the intervention group (–0.08, 95% CI –0.10 to 0.06) compared to controls (0.07, 95% CI 0.05-0.09; difference –0.15, 95% CI –0.26 to –0.03; P=.02). Change in sleep quality was similar between the two groups.

Conclusions
This digital behavior change intervention reduced children’s anxiety and eye strain during COVID-19–associated online schooling.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04309097; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04309097
Psychological Crisis Intervention for COVID-19 Lockdown Stress in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Survey Study and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Cyranka Katarzyna , Dudek Dominika , Małecki Maciej Tadeusz , Matejko Bartłomiej , Klupa Tomasz 
Published: April 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the worldviews of most people. Social isolation after the COVID-19 lockdown has not only led to economic difficulties but also resulted in adverse psychological reactions. As in most countries, including Poland, this situation has been very challenging for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In Poland, a crisis intervention team for patients with T1DM was established. The goal of the team was to provide psychological support for these patients, if needed, and to present information concerning how these patients may obtain medical consultations and prescriptions.

Objective
We aimed to analyze the psychological parameters and main emotional reactions of patients with T1DM during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods
An email with information concerning the possibility of having a web-based consultation with psychologists and psychiatrists and an attached set of psychological tests was sent to all patients with T1DM who were under the care of an outpatient diabetes clinic. The consultations were performed by licensed clinical psychologists and psychologists. This study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland.

Results
The patients who decided to use psychological support had statistically higher levels of anxiety (state P=.043; trait P=.022), stress (P=.001) than those of patients from the group who did not seek support.

Conclusions
The presented intervention team may be perceived as an example of important and successful cooperation and communication between specialists of different fields of medicine (diabetology, psychiatry, and psychology) in a crisis situation.
Tipos de personalidad y nivel de ansiedad en residentes de ortopedia y medicina familiar
Authors: Gaytán-Fernández Suemmy , Barragán-Hervella Rodolfo Gregorio , Benítez-Vargas Ricardo , Quiroz-Williams Jorge , Ceballos-Juárez Anakaren , Pacheco-Santiago Ubaldo 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La salud mental, además de ser un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial, ha aumentado a la par del incremento de la densidad poblacional, observándose cada vez más en población adolescente y en adultos jóvenes. Dentro de los factores que favorecen la prevalencia o la desencadenan están el estrés y el ambiente donde se desenvuelve el individuo. La residencia médica es considerada un reto cada vez mayor para nuestra población de médicos residentes y un desencadenante de situaciones de estrés y por ende favorecer la ansiedad.Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el tipo de personalidad con el nivel de ansiedad en residentes de las especialidades en medicina familiar (MF) y en traumatología y ortopedia (TyO).Método: Se lleva un estudio observacional en médicos residentes de las especialidades de traumatología y ortopedia y de medicina familiar. Se les aplica el test 16PF5 para valorar las cinco dimensiones de la personalidad y el test de ansiedad de Hamilton.Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 116 residentes. Presentaron ansiedad leve 29.4% de MF, mientras que TyO fue observado en el 70.5%. Ansiedad moderada/grave lo presentaron el 60.7% de MF, y el 39.2% de TyO. En cuanto al análisis de las cinco dimensiones globales de la personalidad (test 16PF5), la extraversión los resultados se concentraron en el polo negativo. En la dimensión ansiedad, los resultados fueron diferentes para ambas especialidades. En la dimensión de dureza se concentra la mayoría en el extremo negativo. En las dimensiones de autocontrol y de individualidad se encontró resultados similares entre ambas especialidades.Conclusiones: Hay ciertas similitudes en el tipo de personalidad en ambas especialidades, pero con claras diferencias en el nivel de ansiedad con tendencia a algún tipo de ansiedad en residentes de TyO, mientras que la mayoría de residentes de MF no presenta ansiedad.
FORMATION OF READINESS OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Толстоухова Ирина Васильевна 
Published: April 2021

Раскрывается процесс расширения профессионально-личностного развития студентов, обучающихся в магистратуре, что обеспечивает высокий уровень профессиональной продуктивности в будущем. На основе эмпирического исследования определены субъективные мотивы поступления и трудности, встречающиеся на пути магистрантов. Именно магистерская подготовка должна быть ориентирована не только на формирование готовности магистрантов технического вуза к профессиональной деятельности, но и на подготовку высококвалифицированного специалиста с развитыми личностными качествами. Оказалось, что успешное обучение требует продуктивных отношений и конструктивного общения между преподавателем и студентом. Преподаватель должен уделять больше внимания магистрантам, прибывшим из других направлений подготовки, организовывать для них дополнительные консультации как индивидуализированную форму приобретения знаний и опыта, а также конструктивно использовать часы, отведенные на самостоятельную работу, для организации сотрудничества со студентами.
In the work briefly deals with the concept of “professional development», which involves a professional choice, a line of career, features of professional behaviour at work, professional achievements, satisfaction from the process and results of labor, efficiency of educational behavior of personality change or stability of the workplace, the profession. The article reveals the process of expanding the professional and personal development of students studying for a master’s degree, which ensures a high level of professional productivity in the future. On the basis of empirical research, the subjective motives of admission and difficulties encountered on the way of undergraduates were determined. Therefore, master’s degree training should be focused not only on the formation of the readiness of undergraduates of a technical University for professional activity, but also on the training of a highly qualified specialist with developed personal qualities. As a result, it turned out that successful learning requires a productive relationship and constructive communication between the teacher and the student. For undergraduates, the teacher should pay more attention to undergraduates who come from other areas of training, organize additional consultations for them as an individualized form of acquiring knowledge and experience, and constructively use the hours allocated for independent work to organize cooperation with students.