bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF LINEAR GROWTH RATE AND CHANGE IN BODY MASS INDEX IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN AFRO-CARIBBEAN YOUTH: THE VULNERABLE WINDOWS COHORT STUDY
Authors: Ferguson Trevor S. , Royal-Thomas Tamika Y. , Chin-Harty Lisa , Thame Minerva M. , Forrester Terrence E. , Osmond Clive , Boyne Michael S. , Wilks Rainford. J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundFaster growth velocity during childhood may increase blood pressure (BP) in adults, but there are little data from African-origin populations. We evaluated the effect of postnatal linear growth (increase in height) and change in body mass index (BMI) from birth to adolescence on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in Afro-Caribbean youth.MethodsWe used data from the Vulnerable Windows Birth Cohort Study in Jamaica. Children were followed from birth, with periodic anthropometric measurements. BP measurements started at age 1-year and every six months thereafter. Analyses used BP measurements (mmHg) from age 15-21 years. Linear growth and change in BMI measurements were calculated for: early infancy (0-6 months), late infancy (6 months - 2 years), early childhood (2-8 years), and later childhood (8-15 years). Conditional analyses were used to compute growth rates (as z-scores). Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effect of growth rates on BP.ResultsAnalyses included 365 individuals (162 males, 203 females) with mean age 16.7 years. In multivariable models, after adjustment for age, sex, birth length, gestational age and BMI at age 15 years, faster linear growth for early infancy (β=1.06, p=0.010) was significantly associated with higher SBP. For change in BMI, after adjustment for age, sex, gestational age, height and SES at birth, significant associations of higher SBP were seen for greater increase in BMI in late infancy (β=1.41, p=0.001), early childhood (β=1.22, p=0.001) and later childhood (β=0.74, p=0.035). Faster post-natal linear growth had no significant associations with DBP, but greater increase in BMI for each of the late infancy to late childhood periods was significantly associated with higher DBP. When both growth rates were modeled together, rate of change of BMI and faster linear growth in early infancy retained significance for SBP, but only change in BMI retained significance for DBP.ConclusionFaster linear growth and greater rate of increase in BMI were associated with higher SBP and DBP in Afro-Caribbean youth, but the BMI effect was stronger.
Protection of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to that of BNT162b2 vaccine protection: A three-month nationwide experience from Israel
Authors: Goldberg Yair , Mandel Micha , Woodbridge Yonatan , Fluss Ronen , Novikov Ilya , Yaari Rami , Ziv Arnona , Freedman Laurence , Huppert Amit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWorldwide shortage of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection while the pandemic is still uncontrolled leads many states to the dilemma whether or not to vaccinate previously infected persons. Understanding the level of protection of previous infection compared to that of vaccination is critical for policy making. We analyze an updated individual-level database of the entire population of Israel to assess the protection efficacy of both prior infection and vaccination in preventing subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization with COVID-19, severe disease, and death due to COVID-19. Vaccination was highly effective with overall estimated efficacy for documented infection of 92·8% (CI:[92·6, 93·0]); hospitalization 94·2% (CI:[93·6, 94·7]); severe illness 94·4% (CI:[93·6, 95·0]); and death 93·7% (CI:[92·5, 94·7]). Similarly, the overall estimated level of protection from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection for documented infection is 94·8% (CI:[94·4, 95·1]); hospitalization 94·1% (CI:[91·9, 95·7]); and severe illness 96·4% (CI:[92·5, 98·3]). Our results question the need to vaccinate previously-infected individuals.
Maternal and child outcomes reported by breastfeeding women following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Bertrand Kerri , Honerkamp-Smith Gordon , Chambers Christina 
Published: April 2021

Table of Contents SummaryWhat’s known on this subjectOne published U.S. study with 31 breastfeeding women who were vaccinated with either of the two available mRNA COVID-19 vaccines found that 67% experienced any side effects after dose one and 61% after dose two of the vaccine.What this study addsMore than 85% of 180 breastfeeding women who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine reported local or systemic symptoms, with higher frequency following the second dose. Few symptoms were reported in their breastfed children. No serious adverse events were noted.Contributors’ Statement PageDr. Chambers and Ms. Bertrand designed the study and supervised the collection of data used in the study. Mr. Honerkamp-Smith performed the statistical analysis. All authors were involved in preparing the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Prevalence of traumatic psychological stress reactions in children and parents following paediatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Turgoose David , Kerr Stephanie , De Coppi Paolo , Blackburn Simon , Wilkinson Simon , Rooney Natasha , Martin Richard , Gray Suzanne , Hudson Lee D 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren undergoing surgery, and their parents, are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress reactions. We systematically reviewed the literature to understand the prevalence of this issue, as well as potential risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, using PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Google Scholar, with searches conducted in February 2021. Papers were included if they measured post-traumatic stress in children and/or parents following paediatric surgery, and were excluded if they did not use a validated measure of post-traumatic stress. Data was extracted from published reports.FindingsOur search yielded a total of 1,672 papers, of which 16 of met our inclusion criteria. In meta-analysis, pooled studies of children estimated an overall prevalence of 16% meeting criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder post-surgery (N= 187, 95% CI : 5-31%, I2= 80%). After pooling studies of parents, overall prevalence was estimated at 23% (N= 1444, 95% CI 16-31%, I2= 91%). Risk factors reported within studies included length of stay, level of social support and parental mental health.InterpretationThere is consistent evidence of traumatic stress following surgery in childhood which warrants further investigation. Those delivering surgical care to children would benefit from a raised awareness of the potential for post-traumatic stress in their patients and their families, including offering screening and support.FundingWe did not seek or receive any funding for this study.
Evaluating the Perceived Utility of an Artificial Intelligence-Powered Clinical Decision Support System for Depression Treatment Using a Simulation Centre
Authors: Tanguay-Sela Myriam , Benrimoh David , Popescu Christina , Perez Tamara , Rollins Colleen , Snook Emily , Lundrigan Eryn , Armstrong Caitrin , Perlman Kelly , Fratila Robert , Mehltretter Joseph , Israel Sonia , Champagne Monique , Williams Jérôme , Simard Jade , Parikh Sagar V. , Karp Jordan F. , Heller Katherine , Linnaranta Outi , Cardona Liliana Gomez , Turecki Gustavo , Margolese Howard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAifred is a clinical decision support system (CDSS) that uses artificial intelligence to assist physicians in selecting treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) by providing probabilities of remission for different treatment options based on patient characteristics. We evaluated the utility of the CDSS as perceived by physicians participating in simulated clinical interactions. Twenty psychiatry and family medicine staff and residents completed a study in which each physician had three 10-minute clinical interactions with standardized patients portraying mild, moderate, and severe episodes of MDD. During these scenarios, physicians were given access to the CDSS, which they could use in their treatment decisions. The perceived utility of the CDSS was assessed through self-report questionnaires, scenario observations, and interviews. 60% of physicians perceived the CDSS to be a useful tool in their treatment-selection process, with family physicians perceiving the greatest utility. Moreover, 50% of physicians would use the tool for all patients with depression, with an additional 35% noting they would reserve the tool for more severe or treatment-resistant patients. Furthermore, clinicians found the tool to be useful in discussing treatment options with patients. The efficacy of this CDSS and its potential to improve treatment outcomes must be further evaluated in clinical trials.
Multi-Ancestry Meta-Analysis yields novel genetic discoveries and ancestry-specific associations
Authors: Turley Patrick , Martin Alicia R. , Goldman Grant , Li Hui , Kanai Masahiro , Walters Raymond K. , Jala Jonathan B. , Lin Kuang , Millwood Iona Y. , Carey Caitlin E. , Palmer Duncan S. , Zacher Meghan , Atkinson Elizabeth G. , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Akiyama Masato , Okada Yukinori , Kamatani Yoichiro , Walters Robin G. , Callier Shawneequa , Laibson David , Meyer Michelle N. , Cesarini David , Daly Mark , Benjamin Daniel J. , Neale Benjamin M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe present a new method, Multi-Ancestry Meta-Analysis (MAMA), which combines genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from multiple populations to produce new summary statistics for each population, identifying novel loci that would not have been discovered in either set of GWAS summary statistics alone. In simulations, MAMA increases power with less bias and generally lower type-1 error rate than other multi-ancestry meta-analysis approaches. We apply MAMA to 23 phenotypes in East-Asian- and European-ancestry populations and find substantial gains in power. In an independent sample, novel genetic discoveries from MAMA replicate strongly.
Online spike sorting via deep contractive autoencoder
Authors: Radmanesh Mohammadreza , Rezaei Ahmad Asgharian , Hashemi Alireza , Jalili Mahdi , Goudarzi Morteza Moazami 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpike sorting – the process of separating spikes from different neurons – is often the first and most critical step in the neural data analysis pipeline. Spike-sorting techniques isolate a single neuron’s activity from background electrical noise based on the shapes of the waveforms (WFs) obtained from extracellular recordings. Despite several advancements in this area, an important remaining challenge in neuroscience is online spike sorting, which has the potential to significantly advance basic neuroscience research and the clinical setting by providing the means to produce real-time perturbations of neurons via closed-loop control. Current approaches to online spike sorting are not fully automated, are computationally expensive and are often outperformed by offline approaches. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for fast and robust online classification of single neuron activity. This algorithm is based on a deep contractive autoencoder (DCAE) architecture. DCAEs are deep neural networks that can learn a latent state representation of their inputs. The main advantage of DCAE approaches is that they are less sensitive to noise (i.e., small perturbations in their inputs). We therefore reasoned that they can form the basis for robust online spike sorting algorithms. Overall, our DCAE-based online spike sorting algorithm achieves over 90% accuracy at sorting previously-unseen spike waveforms. Moreover, our approach produces superior results compared to several state-of-the-art offline spike-sorting procedures.
Developmental HCN channelopathy results in decreased neural progenitor proliferation and microcephaly in mice
Authors: Schlusche Anna Katharina , Vay Sabine Ulrike , Kleinenkuhnen Niklas , Sandke Steffi , Campos-Martin Rafael , Florio Marta , Huttner Wieland , Tresch Achim , Roeper Jochen , Rueger Maria Adele , Jakovcevski Igor , Stockebrand Malte , Isbrandt Dirk 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe development of the cerebral cortex relies on the controlled division of neural stem and progenitor cells. The requirement for precise spatiotemporal control of proliferation and cell fate places a high demand on the cell division machinery, and defective cell division can cause microcephaly and other brain malformations. Cell-extrinsic and intrinsic factors govern the capacity of cortical progenitors to produce large numbers of neurons and glia within a short developmental time window. In particular, ion channels shape the intrinsic biophysical properties of precursor cells and neurons and control their membrane potential throughout the cell cycle. We found that hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN)-channel subunits are expressed in mouse, rat, and human neural progenitors. Loss of HCN-channel function in rat neural stem cells impaired their proliferation by affecting the cell-cycle progression, causing G1 accumulation and dysregulation of genes associated with human microcephaly. Transgene-mediated, dominant-negative loss of HCN-channel function in the embryonic mouse telencephalon resulted in pronounced microcephaly. Together, our findings suggest a novel role for HCN-channel subunits as a part of a general mechanism influencing cortical development in mammals.Significance StatementImpaired cell cycle regulation of neural stem and progenitor cells can affect cortical development and cause microcephaly. During cell cycle progression, the cellular membrane potential changes through the activity of ion channels and tends to be more depolarized in proliferating cells. HCN channels, which mediate a depolarizing current in neurons and cardiac cells, are linked to neurodevelopmental diseases, also contribute to the control of cell-cycle progression and proliferation of neuronal precursor cells. In this study, HCN-channel deficiency during embryonic and fetal brain development resulted in marked microcephaly of mice designed to be deficient in HCN-channel function in dorsal forebrain progenitors. The findings suggest that HCN-channel subunits are part of a general mechanism influencing cortical development in mammals.
Ribosomal RNA degradation induced by the bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor rifampicin
Authors: Hamouche Lina , Poljak Leonora , Carpousis Agamemnon J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRifampicin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase. Here we show that rifampicin treatment ofEscherichia coliresults in a 50% decrease in cell size due to a terminal cell division. This decrease is a consequence of inhibition of transcription as evidenced by an isogenic rifampicin-resistant strain. There is also a 50% decrease in total RNA due mostly to a 90% decrease in 23S and 16S rRNA levels. Control experiments showed this decrease is not an artifact of our RNA purification protocol and therefore due to degradationin vivo. Since chromosome replication continues after rifampicin treatment, ribonucleotides from rRNA degradation could be recycled for DNA synthesis. Rifampicin-induced rRNA degradation occurs under different growth conditions and in different strain backgrounds. However, rRNA degradation is never complete thus permitting the re-initiation of growth after removal of rifampicin. The orderly shutdown of growth under conditions where the induction of stress genes is blocked by rifampicin is noteworthy. Inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol resulted in a partial decrease in 23S and 16S rRNA levels whereas kasugamycin treatment had no effect. Analysis of temperature-sensitive mutant strains implicate RNase E, PNPase and RNase R in rifampicin-induced rRNA degradation. We cannot distinguish between a direct role for RNase E in rRNA degradation versus an indirect role involving a slowdown of mRNA degradation. Since mRNA and rRNA appear to be degraded by the same ribonucleases, competition by rRNA is likely to result in slower mRNA degradation rates in the presence of rifampicin than under normal growth conditions.
Structural origins of altered spectroscopic properties upon ligand binding in proteins containing a fluorescent non-canonical amino acid
Authors: Gleason Patrick R. , Kolbaba-Kartchner Bethany , Henderson J. Nathan , Simmons Chad R. , Mills Jeremy H. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTFluorescent non-canonical amino acids (fNCAAs) could serve as starting points for the rational design of protein-based fluorescent sensors of biological activity. However, efforts toward this goal are likely hampered by a lack of atomic-level characterization of fNCAAs within proteins. Here, we describe the spectroscopic and structural characterization of five streptavidin mutants that contain the fNCAA L-(7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl)ethylglycine (7-HCAA) at sites proximal to the binding site of its substrate, biotin. Many of the mutants exhibited altered fluorescence spectra in response to biotin binding, which included both increases and decreases in fluorescence intensity as well as red or blue shifted emission maxima. Structural data were also obtained for three of the five mutants. The crystal structures shed light on interactions between 7-HCAA and functional groups—contributed either by the protein or substrate—that may be responsible for the observed changes in the 7-HCAA spectra. These data could be used in future studies aimed at the rational design of fluorescent, protein-based sensors of small molecule binding or dissociation.
Limited Phylogenetic Overlap Between Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated on Dairy Farms and those Causing Bacteriuria in Humans Living in the Same Geographical Region
Authors: Mounsey Oliver , Schubert Hannah , Findlay Jacqueline , Morley Katy , Puddy Emma F. , Gould Virginia C. , North Paul , Bowker Karen E. , Williams O. Martin , Williams Philip B. , Barrett David C. , Cogan Tristan A. , Turner Katy M. , MacGowan Alasdair P. , Reyher Kristen K. , Avison Matthew B. 
Published: April 2021

SynopsisBackgroundOur primary aim was to test whether cattle-associated fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R)Escherichia colifound on dairy farms were a significant cause of bacteriuria in humans living in the same 50 × 50 km geographical region located in South West England. Another aim was to identify risk factors for the presence of FQ-RE. colion dairy farms.MethodsFQ-RE. coliwere isolated during 2017-18 from 42 dairy farms and from community urine samples. Forty-two cattle and 489 human urinary isolates were subjected to WGS, allowing phylogenetic comparisons. Risk factors were identified using a Bayesian regularisation approach.ResultsOf 489 FQ-R human isolates, 255 were also 3rdgeneration cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R), with strong genetic linkage betweenaac(6’)Ib-crandblaCTX-M-15. We identified possible farm-to-human sharing for pairs of ST744 and ST162 isolates, but core genome SNP distances (71 and 63, respectively) were smaller in pairs of ST744 and ST162 isolates from different farms (7 and 3 SNPs, respectively). Total farm fluoroquinolone use showed a positive association with the odds of isolating FQ-RE. coliwhile total dry cow therapy use showed a negative association.ConclusionsThis work suggests that FQ-RE. colifound on dairy farms have a limited impact on community bacteriuria within the local human population, however, this appears greater than observed for 3GC-RE. coliwhen studied in parallel. Reducing fluoroquinolone use may reduce the on-farm prevalence of FQ-RE. coli, and this reduction may be greater when dry cow therapy is targeted to the ecology of resistantE. colion the farm.
Computational modeling of molecular structure of microRNA inhibitors selected against microRNA over-expressed in thyroid cancer
Authors: de Oliveira Andrade Luís Jesuíno , Vinhaes Bittencourt Alcina Maria , de Oliveira Luís Matos , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of endocrine system and advances in thyroid molecular biology studies demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) seem to play a fundamental role in tumor triggering and progression. The miRNAs inhibitors are nucleic acid-based molecules that blockade miRNAs function, making unavailable for develop their usual function, also acting as gene expression controlling molecules.ObjectiveTo developin silicoprojection of molecular structure of miRNA inhibitors against miRNA over-expressed in thyroid cancer.MethodsWe conducted a search of the nucleotide sequence of 12 miRNAs already defined as inhibitors against miRNA over-expressed in thyroid cancer, realizingin silicoprojection of the molecular structure of following miRNAs: miRNA-101, miRNA-126, miRNA-126-3p, miRNA-141, miRNA-145, miRNA-146b, miRNA-206, miRNA-3666, miRNA-497, miRNA-539, miRNA-613, and miRNA-618. The nucleotides were selected using GenBank that is the NIH genetic sequence database. The sequences obtained were aligned with the Clustal W multiple alignment algorithms. For the molecular modeling, the structures were generated with the RNAstructure, a fully automated miRNAs structure modelling server, accessible via the Web Servers for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction.ResultsWe demonstrated a search for nucleotide sequence and the projection of the molecular structure of the following miRNA inhibitors against miRNA over-expressed in thyroid cancer: miRNA-101, miRNA-126, miRNA-126-3p, miRNA-141, miRNA-145, miRNA-146b, miRNA-206, miRNA-3666, miRNA-497, miRNA-539, miRNA-613, and miRNA-618.ConclusionIn this study we showin silicosecondary structures projection of selected of 12 miRNA inhibitors against miRNA over-expressed in thyroid cancer through computational biology.
The RNA helicase DHX36/G4R1 modulatesC9orf72GGGGCC repeat-associated translation
Authors: Tseng Yi-Ju , Sandwith Siara N. , Green Katelyn M. , Chambers Antonio E. , Krans Amy , Raimer Heather M. , Sharlow Meredith E. , Reisinger Michael A. , Richardson Adam E. , Routh Eric D. , Smaldino Melissa A. , Wang Yuh-Hwa , Vaughn James P. , Todd Peter K. , Smaldino Philip J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTGGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HRE) inC9orf72are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of this expansion generates toxic proteins that accumulate in patient brains and contribute to disease pathogenesis. The DEAH-Box Helicase 36 (DHX36/G4R1) plays active roles in RNA and DNA G-quadruplex (G4) resolution in cells. As G4C2repeats form G4 structuresin vitro, we sought to determine the impact of manipulating DHX36 expression on repeat transcription and RAN translation. We found that DHX36 depletion suppresses RAN translation from reporter constructs in a repeat length dependent manner while overexpression of DHX36 enhances RAN translation from G4C2reporter RNAs. Taken together, these results suggest that DHX36 is active in regulating G4C2repeat translation, providing potential implications for therapeutic development in nucleotide repeats expansion disorders.