bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited thermal acclimation of photosynthesis in tropical montane tree species
Authors: Dusenge Mirindi Eric , Wittemann Maria , Mujawamariya Myriam , Ntawuhiganayo Elisée B. , Zibera Etienne , Ntirugulirwa Bonaventure , Way Danielle A. , Nsabimana Donat , Uddling Johan , Wallin Göran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe temperature sensitivity of physiological processes and growth of tropical trees remains a key uncertainty in predicting how tropical forests will adjust to future climates. In particular, our knowledge regarding warming responses of photosynthesis, and its underlying biochemical mechanisms, is very limited. We grew seedlings of two tropical montane rainforest tree species, the early‐successional species Harungana montana and the late‐successional species Syzygium guineense, at three different sites along an elevation gradient, differing by 6.8℃ in daytime ambient air temperature. Their physiological and growth performance was investigated at each site. The optimum temperature of net photosynthesis (ToptA) did not significantly increase in warm‐grown trees in either species. Similarly, the thermal optima (ToptV and ToptJ) and activation energies (EaV and EaJ) of maximum Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) were largely unaffected by warming. However, Vcmax, Jmax and foliar dark respiration (Rd) at 25℃ were significantly reduced by warming in both species, and this decline was partly associated with concomitant reduction in total leaf nitrogen content. The ratio of Jmax/Vcmax decreased with increasing leaf temperature for both species, but the ratio at 25℃ was constant across sites. Furthermore, in H. montana, stomatal conductance at 25℃ remained constant across the different temperature treatments, while in S. guineense it increased with warming. Total dry biomass increased with warming in H. montana but remained constant in S. guineense. The biomass allocated to roots, stem and leaves was not affected by warming in H. montana, whereas the biomass allocated to roots significantly increased in S. guineense. Overall, our findings show that in these two tropical montane rainforest tree species, the capacity to acclimate the thermal optimum of photosynthesis is limited while warming‐induced reductions in respiration and photosynthetic capacity rates are tightly coupled and linked to responses of leaf nitrogen.
Social Reproduction Theory: State of the field and new directions in geography
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rocha Vivian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterest in social reproduction theory (SRT) has been revived in the in the last ten odd years. This paper positions SRT, and its refraction through a geographic lens, as particularly well placed to address emerging issues in the context of ongoing crises—economic, environmental and of care—which have been enhanced by the Covid‐19 pandemic. I present an overview of the Marxist‐feminist traditions that constitute the basis for modern SRT. Through a survey of recent literature, I discuss the potential for extending contemporary SRT through intersectionality theory and suggest the need to draw on theoretical insights originating in the global periphery towards a postcolonial, decolonial SRT. Finally, I contextualize social reproduction theories within geography and suggest three emerging areas of scholarship in which combining a geographic and SRT perspective would yield productive understandings of the current moment and signal towards the construction of alternative, livable futures. These areas are debt and the financialization of social reproduction under neoliberalism; a turn towards a socioecological understanding of reproduction; and resistance, transformation and visions of the future through a “conscious appropriation” of life’s work and life sustaining practices at large.
Emotional and financial health during COVID‐19: The role of housework, employment and childcare in Australia and the United States
Authors: Ruppanner Leah , Tan Xiao , Carson Andrea , Ratcliff Shaun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the first few months of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the world witnessed major economic, school, and daycare closures. We sampled respondents in Australia and the US during the height of the first restrictions to understand how the first quarantine structured their emotional strain and financial worry (825 Australians and 835 Americans aged between 18 and 65; May 2–3, 2020; source YouGov). We apply structural equation modeling to demonstrate that the emotional well‐being impacts of COVID‐19 are not only gendered but also vary between childless people and parents. Specifically, we show that compared to Australians, Americans were more impacted by changes in their financial circumstances. Further, while the financial worry and emotional strain impacts were similar between childless people and parents in Australia, significant differences existed between the two groups in the United States. In particular, we identify American mothers as the most disadvantaged group—feeling the most anxious and financially worried about both employment and domestic changes under COVID‐19. Policy wise, we argue that COVID‐19 is exacerbating gender inequality in emotional health. To slow down this trend, more adequate mental health supports are needed, particularly for mothers.
The dietary supplement chitosan lowers serum phosphorus in a hemodialysis patient not tolerating prescription medications
Authors: Quinn Virginia , Graber Jyoti , Sedlacek Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChitosan is a widely available, nontoxic, biodegradable biopolymer that binds negatively charged molecules. Its use as a dietary supplement for weight loss derives from its purported ability to bind negatively charged lipids and bile acids and prevent their gastrointestinal absorption. Here, we report the case of a dialysis patient who did not tolerate prescription phosphorus binders and who has been able to control her serum phosphorus levels for a year by taking 3.5 g of chitosan a day with meals. A quantitative analysis shows that chitosan may bind between 16 and 41 mg of phosphorus per gram, comparable to prescription binders. Chitosan may provide an over‐the‐counter alternative as non‐calcium phosphorus binder for patients not tolerating prescription phosphorus binders because of side effects, cost, or efforts to limit their medication burden.
Haemocyte‐mediated immunity in insects: Cells, processes and associated components in the fight against pathogens and parasites
Authors: Eleftherianos Ioannis , Heryanto Christa , Bassal Taha , Zhang Wei , Tettamanti Gianluca , Mohamed Amr 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe host defence of insects includes a combination of cellular and humoral responses. The cellular arm of the insect innate immune system includes mechanisms that are directly mediated by haemocytes (e.g., phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation). In addition, melanization accompanying coagulation, clot formation and wound healing, nodulation and encapsulation processes leads to the formation of cytotoxic redox‐cycling melanin precursors and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. However, demarcation between cellular and humoral immune reactions as two distinct categories is not straightforward. This is because many humoral factors affect haemocyte functions and haemocytes themselves are an important source of many humoral molecules. There is also a considerable overlap between cellular and humoral immune functions that span from recognition of foreign intruders to clot formation. Here, we review these immune reactions starting with the cellular mechanisms that limit haemolymph loss and participate in wound healing and clot formation and advancing to cellular functions that are critical in restricting pathogen movement and replication. This information is important because it highlights that insect cellular immunity is controlled by a multilayered system, different components of which are activated by different pathogens or during the different stages of the infection.
Nursing students’ attitudes towards alcohol use disorders and related issues: A comparative study in four American countries
Authors: Diaz Heredia Luz Patricia , de Vargas Divane , Ramírez Erika Gisseth León , Naegle Madeline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study identified and compared the attitudes of nursing students from North and South American countries towards alcohol, alcohol use disorders and persons with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). A cross‐sectional design and survey approach were used. The sample consisted of 327 nursing students recruited from four nursing schools in metropolitan regions of North and South America. The questionnaire contained questions about sex, age, marital status, home country and other questions about training in substance use disorders during nursing education and previous experiences with substance use disorder patients. To identify nursing students’ attitudes, validated English, Spanish and Portuguese versions of the attitudes scale for alcohol, alcoholism and persons with AUDs (EAFAA) were applied. Comparison of the four groups suggested that nursing students in the United States demonstrated more positive attitudes than students from Colombia, Mexico and Brazil. Similar positive attitudes were observed towards individuals with AUDs. Results of the attitudes towards the aetiology of AUDs showed positive attitudes in all samples, suggesting a contemporary understanding of AUDs. Nursing students’ attitudes were associated with home country and training in substance use disorders during nursing education. Nursing students’ attitudes were generally positive across countries. Idiosyncratic cultural and educational aspects in these countries and world regions likely significantly influenced the attitudes of nursing students towards alcohol and associated issues.
Levels versus changes: Information contents of textual information
Authors: Miwa Kotaro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe clarify the information value of changes in the textual information of analyst reports. The analyses reveal that stock prices react considerably to changes in the linguistic tone of reports. In addition, prices react asymmetrically to the levels and changes of report tone, overreact to the levels, and underreact to changes. Our evidence suggests that a change in the textual tone provides incremental information that investors overlook, supporting the informational value of changes in textual information.
Intertemporal stability of survey‐based measures of risk and time preferences
Authors: Drichoutis Andreas C. , Vassilopoulos Achilleas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiven the importance of risk and time preferences for economics and other disciplines, we seek to examine the intertemporal stability of six related survey‐based measures. Using a panel of subjects over three waves, between 2013 and 2015, we find aggregate and individual stability over the examined period for four of these measures (Patience, Risk, Risk Investment, and the Domain‐Specific Risk‐Taking scale) while only for Impulsiveness we observe significant patterns of instability, both individually and collectively. Our results contribute to the discussion on the wider adoption of survey‐based measures, especially considering the ease with which such measures can be incorporated in large‐scale surveys.
Jiangnan dietary pattern actively prevents muscle mass loss: Based on a cohort study
Authors: Wang Zhengyuan , Dong Xinyi , Song Qi , Cui Xueying , Shi Zehuan , Zang Jiajie , Su Jin , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe proportion of sarcopenia in the elderly is very high, although muscle mass loss before sarcopenia covers a wider population. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of different dietary patterns on muscle mass.MethodsIn both 2015 and 2018, using multilayer random sampling, the same participants were selected, and the same questionnaires and machines were used.ResultsIn total, 502 participants were selected. The >65‐year‐old group showed maximum muscle mass loss in males and females (−1.53 kg ± 4.42 and −1.14 kg ± 2.6 on average, respectively). The cumulative variance of four dietary patterns reached 52.28%. Logistical regression revealed significant differences between ʻJiangnan Dietaryʼ groups: Q2 vs. Q1 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.356, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.202–0.629]; Q3 vs. Q1 (OR = 0.457, 95% CI = 0.262–0.797). Relative influence factors for muscle mass loss were age (>65 vs. <45, OR = 2.027, 95% CI = 1.117–3.680), physical activity (OR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.315–0.960), income (high vs. low, OR = 0.413, 95% CI = 0.210 –0.810), sex (female vs. male, OR = 0.379, 95% CI = 0.235–0.519).ConclusionsAfter 3 years of follow‐up, participants' muscle mass declined significantly. The ʻJiangnan Dietaryʼ pattern prevented muscle mass loss and is recommended to the wider population.
A review of high‐resolution microscopic ghost imaging with a low‐dose pseudothermal light
Authors: Sun Z. , Tuitje F. , Spielmann C. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryHigh‐resolution imaging is an important issue in various fields of scientific researches and engineering applications. Pseudothermal ghost imaging is one of the subfields of quantum imaging, providing new capabilities beyond conventional imaging methods. Also, it can provide a new viewpoint of imaging physical mechanisms. In this review, we explain the major ideas of pseudothermal ghost imaging, restricting the very important case of high‐resolution imaging. We analyse the strategies which can significantly improve the image quality in pseudothermal ghost imaging. It may apply for merging it with common optical imaging methods in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) or X‐ray spectral regime for driving the applications to a wider audience in bioscience and nano‐physics.
Beyond the physical risk: Psychosocial impact and coping in healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fteropoulli Theodora , Kalavana Theano V. , Yiallourou Anneza , Karaiskakis Marios , Koliou Mazeri Maria , Vryonides Stavros , Hadjioannou Anna , Nikolopoulos Georgios K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to examine the psychosocial impact and identify risk factors for poor psychosocial outcomes in healthcare professionals during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Cyprus.BackgroundHealthcare professionals are in the forefront of the COVID‐19 pandemic facing an unprecedented global health crisis, which can have consequences on their psychosocial health. There is a need to identify risk factors for poor psychosocial outcomes to inform the design of tailored psychological interventions.DesignCross‐sectional online study.MethodsA total of 1071 healthcare professionals completed self‐report questionnaires. Measures included sociodemographic information, COVID‐19‐related characteristics, quality of life (Brief World Health Organization Quality of Life; WHOQOL‐Bref), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7; GAD‐7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐8; PHQ‐8), occupational burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; CBI), and coping (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced; Brief COPE). This article follows the STROBE reporting guidelines.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety and clinically significant depression was 27.6% and 26.8%, respectively. Significant risk factors for poor psychological outcomes included being female, being a nurse or doctor (vs non‐medical professional), working in frontline units (inpatient, intensive care), perceptions of inadequate workplace preparation to deal with the pandemic, and using avoidance coping. Depression and occupational burnout were significant risk factors for poor quality of life.ConclusionThe findings suggest several individual, psychosocial, and organisational risk factors for the adverse psychological outcomes observed in healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the urgent need for screening for anxiety and depression and psychological interventions to combat an imminent mental health crisis in healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Pandemic response protocols and public health initiatives aiming to improve and prevent mental health problems in healthcare professionals during the current and future health crises, need to account for the various factors at play.
A social ontology of “maximal” persons
Authors: Oyowe Oritsegbubemi Anthony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I address a range of arguments put forward by Kwame Gyekye (1992) and Bernard Matolino (2014) denying Menkiti’s twin propositions that persons differ ontologically from human beings and that human attitudes, behaviours and practices constitute persons in social reality. They argue that his account of “maximal” persons, rooted in African traditional thought‐worlds, conflates issues and ultimately involve him in a category mistake. I argue that their arguments do not succeed, and that Menkiti’s view is not in any predicament because of them. Then, I draw on John Searle’s account of social ontology to clarify the sense in which attitudes, behaviours and practices are constituents of persons. Thus, I characterise persons as social entities belonging in a social ontology. Finally, I argue that realism regarding persons is not undermined by the threat of conventionalism lurking behind the view.
Ease of mastication index—Quantification of mastication effort using quality function deployment
Authors: Ilic Jovan , Tomasevic Igor , Djekic Ilija 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn effort required to masticate a bite of food seems important for a broad group of consumers considering many foodstuffs. Consumers with specific needs (elderly, people with impaired oral functioning) are also interested in ease of mastication. Besides understanding the relationships between mastication and sensory perception, a better insight into foodstuffs' mastication effort is needed to gain vital information when choosing the food and judging its quality. However, there is not much work describing the quantification of mastication effort as a quality grade. Within this research, we: (a) analyzed consumers' demands toward mastication attributes, (b) examined mastication, mechanical, and sensory parameters for nine foodstuffs (meat and dairy products), and (c) developed a quality function deployment model that connects consumers' demands with a multidimensional technical scale, enabling mastication effort quantification through a novel “ease of mastication index” (EMI). As a single‐value quality score, EMI answers how much effort must be applied to masticate certain foodstuff. It is a left‐sided index (it can have only positive values up to EMI = 1), having the maximal value for creamy cheese (0.96) and minimal (0.40) for fermented sausage in the present study, meaning the latter was the most difficult case study product for mastication. This study's practical application may be seen in the proposed model usage for foodstuffs research and development, bearing in mind ease of mastication. EMI may play an essential role as a novel quality indicator that can be considered crucial for broad and specific consumer groups.
A retrospective study of adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil administration to dogs with immune‐mediated disease
Authors: Fukushima Kenjiro , Lappin Michael , Legare Marie , Veir Julia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformation regarding adverse events (AEs) of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate the types and frequency of potential AEs of MMF in dogs with immune‐mediated disease.AnimalsOne hundred thirty‐one dogs treated with MMF for management of suspected immune‐mediated disease.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records were reviewed to find and group suspect AEs in gastrointestinal (GI), hematologic, and other categories. Age, dosage, body weight, and sex were analyzed between dogs with and without AEs by using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test and chi‐squared test.ResultsThe median starting dosage of MMF was 17.5 mg/kg/day (interquartile range [IQR] = 15.1‐20.6 mg/kg/day) and the median treatment duration was 56 days (IQR = 14‐236 days). Mycophenolate mofetil was prescribed for immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (n = 31), immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (n = 31), pemphigus foliaceus (n = 15), immune‐mediated polyarthritis (n = 12), and others (n = 42). Overall, potential AEs of MMF were observed in 34 of 131 dogs (GI 24.4% [31/127], neutropenia 4% [3/76], anemia 4% [1/25], thrombocytopenia 4.0% [1/25], and dermatologic 1.5% [2/131]). There were no significant differences among dogs with (n = 37) or without potential AEs (n = 94) in regards to sex, age, body weight, or dosage of MMF (P = .06, .13, .24, and .26, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn the dogs administered MMF, GI AEs were most common. Since potential hematologic and dermatologic AEs developed in a few dogs, clinicians should be aware of these when prescribing MMF to dogs with immune‐mediated disease.
A preparation sequence for multi‐analysis of µm‐sized extraterrestrial and geological samples
Authors: Aléon‐Toppani Alice , Brunetto Rosario , Aléon Jérôme , Dionnet Zelia , Rubino Stefano , Levy Dan , Troadec David , Brisset François , Borondics Ferenc , King Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the recent and ongoing sample return missions and/or the developments of nano‐ to microscale 3‐D and 2‐D analytical techniques, it is necessary to develop sample preparation and analysis protocols that allow combination of different nanometer‐ to micrometer‐scale resolution techniques and both maximize scientific outcome and minimize sample loss and contamination. Here, we present novel sample preparation and analytical procedures to extract a maximum of submicrometer structural, mineralogical, chemical, molecular, and isotopic information from micrometric heterogeneous samples. The sample protocol goes from a nondestructive infrared (IR) tomography of ~10 to ~70 µm‐sized single grains, which provides the distribution and qualitative abundances of both mineral and organic phases, followed by its cutting in several slices at selected sites of interest for 2‐D mineralogical analysis (e.g., transmission electron microscopy), molecular organic and mineral analysis (e.g., Raman and/or IR microspectroscopy), and isotopic/chemical analysis (e.g., NanoSIMS). We also discuss here the importance of the focused ion beam microscopy in the protocol, the problems of sample loss and contamination, and at last the possibility of combining successive different analyses in various orders on the same micrometric sample. Special care was notably taken to establish a protocol allowing correlated NanoSIMS/TEM/IR analyses with NanoSIMS performed first. Finally, we emphasize the interest of 3‐D and 2‐D IR analyses in studying the organics–minerals relationship in combination with more classical isotopic and mineralogical grain characterizations.