bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commonwealth place‐based policies for addressing geographically concentrated disadvantage: A typology and critical analysis
Authors: Hart Aaron , Connolly Julie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA suite of ‘place‐based’ Commonwealth policy frameworks to address geographically concentrated socio‐economic disadvantage foreground local knowledge and devolve some decisions to multi‐government and local agent governance bodies. We analyse these policies with reference to Dewey's theory of democratic experimentalism, focussing on how publics are constituted in place and enrolled in processes of deliberation and problematisation, and on how policy success is framed. We categorise ‘place‐based’ policies into three groups. Statutory collaboration policies enable coordinated intergovernmental investment in regional economic regeneration and enact broad publics through a concern with economic growth. Collective impact policies commission for social service integration and figure the users and providers of social services as their publics. Indigenous partnership policies are concerned with ‘self‐reliance’, economic participation, and empowerment among Indigenous people. We find that only the policies in the latter type clearly provide their publics with epistemic or decision‐making power. Further research on the implementation of collective impact policies would be necessary to determine their participatory scope, and statutory collaboration policies provide little opportunity for input from their publics. Our aim is to highlight the democratic significance of who is included in place‐based deliberations and what is deemed to be valuable.
Pilot‐scale production and physicochemical characterisation of spray‐dried nanoparticulated whey protein powders
Authors: Guralnick Jacob R , Panthi Ram R , Bot Francesca , Cenini Valeria L , O’Hagan Barry MG , Crowley Shane V , O’Mahony James A 
Published: June 2021

Spray‐dried whey protein isolate (WPI) powders were prepared at pilot‐scale from solutions without heat (WPIUH), heated (WPIH) or heated with calcium (WPIHCa), which were analysed and compared with a control sample (WPIC). WPIC, WPIUH, WPIH and WPIHCa solutions had whey protein denaturation levels of 0.0, 3.2, 64.4 and 74.4%, respectively. Computerised tomography scanning showed that 52.6, 84.0, 74.5 and 41.9% of WPIC, WPIUH, WPIH and WPIHCa powder particles had diameters of ≤30 µm. WPIHCa and WPIH powders were cohesive, while WPIC and WPIUH powders were easy flowing. Marked differences in microstructure were observed between WPIH and WPIHCa. There were no measured differences in wall friction, bulk density or colour.
Asset‐Level Transparency and the (E)valuation of Asset‐Backed Securities
Authors: NEILSON JED J. , RYAN STEPHEN G. , WANG K. PHILIP , XIE BIQIN 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAs of November 2016, SEC Regulation (“Reg”) AB II requires issuers of certain types of asset‐backed securities (“ABS”) to disclose the credit‐risk attributes of each asset in the underlying pool, a substantial expansion of prior disclosure requirements. We examine how ABS issuers’ asset‐level disclosures under Reg AB II affect the (e)valuation of ABS by investors and credit rating agencies. Using difference‐in‐differences models that compare affected and unaffected types of ABS, we find that these disclosures improve the ability of initial ABS yields and credit ratings to predict the performance of the underlying assets. These results are concentrated in deals with above‐median risk layering in the underlying assets and complexity in the tranching of credit risk. We further find that asset‐level disclosures are associated with lower yields. Lastly, we provide evidence that most prospective ABS investors download asset‐level information during the price formation period prior to ABS issuance.
Blocking utilization of major plant biomass polysaccharides leads Aspergillusniger towards utilization of minor components
Authors: Kun Roland S. , Garrigues Sandra , Di Falco Marcos , Tsang Adrian , de Vries Ronald P. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryFungi produce a wide range of enzymes that allow them to grow on diverse plant biomass. Wheat bran is a low‐cost substrate with high potential for biotechnological applications. It mainly contains cellulose and (arabino)xylan, as well as starch, proteins, lipids and lignin to a lesser extent. In this study, we dissected the regulatory network governing wheat bran degradation in Aspergillus niger to assess the relative contribution of the regulators to the utilization of this plant biomass substrate. Deletion of genes encoding transcription factors involved in (hemi‐)cellulose utilization (XlnR, AraR, ClrA and ClrB) individually and in combination significantly reduced production of polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes, but retained substantial growth on wheat bran. Proteomic analysis suggested the ability of A. niger to grow on other carbon components, such as starch, which was confirmed by the additional deletion of the amylolytic regulator AmyR. Growth was further reduced but not impaired, indicating that other minor components provide sufficient energy for residual growth, displaying the flexibility of A. niger, and likely other fungi, in carbon utilization. Better understanding of the complexity and flexibility of fungal regulatory networks will facilitate the generation of more efficient fungal cell factories that use plant biomass as a substrate.
An efficient and regioselective biocatalytic synthesis of aromatic N‐oxides by using a soluble di‐iron monooxygenase PmlABCDEF produced in the Pseudomonas species
Authors: Petkevičius Vytautas , Vaitekūnas Justas , Gasparavičiūtė Renata , Tauraitė Daiva , Meškys Rolandas 
Published: June 2021

SummaryHere, we present an improved whole‐cell biocatalysis system for the synthesis of heteroaromatic N‐oxides based on the production of a soluble di‐iron monooxygenase PmlABCDEF in Pseudomonas sp. MIL9 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The presented biocatalysis system performs under environmentally benign conditions, features a straightforward and inexpensive procedure and possesses a high substrate conversion and product yield. The capacity of gram‐scale production was reached in the simple shake‐flask cultivation. The template substrates (pyridine, pyrazine, 2‐aminopyrimidine) have been converted into pyridine‐1‐oxide, pyrazine‐1‐oxide and 2‐aminopyrimidine‐1‐oxide in product titres of 18.0, 19.1 and 18.3 g l‐1, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported productivity of aromatic N‐oxides using biocatalysis methods. Moreover, comparing to the chemical method of aromatic N‐oxides synthesis based on meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid, the developed approach is applicable for a regioselective oxidation that is an additional advantageous option in the preparation of the anticipated N‐oxides.
Untargeted metabolomics analysis by gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of human serum from methamphetamine abusers
Authors: Wang Tingwei , Xu Chunyang , Xu Shiying , Gao Lu , Blaženović Ivana , Ji Jian , Wang Jun , Sun Xiulan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) abuse has become a global public health problem. However, the potential mechanisms involving METH‐induced metabolic disorders have thus far remained poorly understood. Metabolomics can provide a clue for the cause of apparent changes and consequently be used to investigate the METH‐induced dysregulation of metabolite expression and the mechanism of metabolic disorder mechanism. This laboratory investigation included 80 METH abusers and 80 healthy people. The serum metabolites were detected and analysed by gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Raw data were processed with the software MS DIAL, which includes deconvolution, peak alignment and compound identification. The data matrix was processed by univariate and multivariate analyses for significant metabolite screening with the criteria of variable importance in projection values > 1, fold change > 1.5 and the t test (p value < 0.05). Significant differences in 16 metabolites (deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, hydroxylamine, etc.) in serum were found between the METH abuse group and the control group. Energy metabolic pathways and several amino acid metabolic pathways (alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism and tryptophan metabolism) were primarily involved. Further analysis indicated that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.998 for these 16 metabolites. Among the metabolites, three carbohydrates (d‐ribose, cellobiose and maltotriose) had an AUC of 0.975, which were determined as potential markers of abuse. We observed metabolic disturbances in METH abusers, particularly perturbation in energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which can provide new insights into the search for biomarkers and the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of METH on human health.
The impact of sweet food tax on producers and household spending—Evidence from Hungary
Authors: Bíró Anikó 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince 2011, a wide range of unhealthy food and drink are subject to a specific excise tax in Hungary. We analyze how this tax affected the revenue, sales volume, personnel costs, and size of sweet food producers, and compare these results to estimated effects on household spending on sugary food. We base our analysis on administrative data sets of firm level indicators, and survey data on household spending. We apply the estimation method of difference‐in‐differences, where firms producing untaxed processed food (in the firm level analysis) and household spending on food categories directly not affected by the tax (in the household level analysis) serve as control groups. Our results suggest strong negative short‐run effects of the unhealthy food tax on firms’ inland sales volume, and moderate effects on inland sales revenue and personnel costs. These results correspond to the moderate estimated effects on household spending on sugary food. The reducing effects diminish in about 3 years after the introduction of the tax—overlapping with the recovery of the Hungarian economy from recession. Our findings suggest that the impacts of an unhealthy food tax strongly depend on the economic conditions.
Time matters—a Swedish cohort study of labor duration and risk of uterine rupture
Authors: Hesselman Susanne , Lampa Erik , Wikman Anna , Törn Anna E. , Högberg Ulf , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Jonsson Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionUterine rupture is an obstetric emergency associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity. The main risk factor is a prior cesarean section, with rupture occurring in subsequent labor. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of uterine rupture by labor duration and labor management.Material and methodsThis is a Swedish register‐based cohort study of women who underwent labor in 2013–2018 after a primary cesarean section (n = 20 046). Duration of labor was the main exposure, calculated from onset of regular labor contractions and birth; both timepoints were retrieved from electronic medical records for 12 583 labors, 63% of the study population. Uterine rupture was calculated as events per 1000 births at different timepoints during labor. Risk estimates for uterine rupture by labor duration, induction of labor, use of oxytocin and epidural analgesia were calculated using Poisson regression, adjusted for maternal and birth characteristics. Estimates were presented as adjusted rate ratios (ARR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe prevalence of uterine rupture was 1.4% (282/20 046 deliveries). Labor duration was 9.88 hours (95% CI 8.93–10.83) for women with uterine rupture, 8.20 hours (95% CI 8.10–8.31) for women with vaginal delivery, and 10.71 hours (95% CI 10.46–10.97) for women with cesarean section without uterine rupture. Few women (1.0/1000) experienced uterine rupture during the first 3 hours of labor. Uterine rupture occurred in 15.6/1000 births with labor duration over 12 hours. The highest risk for uterine rupture per hour compared with vaginal delivery was observed at 6 hours (ARR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.30). Induction of labor was associated with uterine rupture (ARR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–1.99), with a particular high risk seen in those induced with prostaglandins and no risk observed with cervical catheter (ARR 1.19, 95% CI 0.83–1.71). Labor augmentation with oxytocin (ARR 1.60, 95% CI 1.25–2.05) and epidural analgesia (ARR 1.63, 95% CI 1.27–2.10) were also associated with uterine rupture.ConclusionsLabor duration is an independent factor for uterine rupture among women attempting vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Medical induction and augmentation of labor increase the risk, regardless of maternal and birth characteristics.
Suicide prevention andCOVID‐19
Authors: Ivbijaro Gabriel , Kolkiewicz Lucja , Goldberg David , N'jie Isatou N. S. , Edwards Todd , Riba Michelle B. , Švab Igor , Geller Jeffrey , Enum Yaccub 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionSuicide prevention during Covid 19 has become a global priority because the current pandemic has led to societal difficulties threatening the fabric of our lifestyle with increased morbidity and mortality. Modelling studies published since the COVID 19 pandemic was declared in March 2020 estimate that suicide rates will increase by anywhere between 1% to 145% globally in response to the pandemic and action needs to be taken.MethodsA narrative literature review on high quality evidence sources limited to human studies and publications written in English language only has been used to examine the relationship of COVID 19 and existing mental illness or history of mental illness, suicide prevention strategies and changes in overall suicide rates.ResultsA total of 39 papers are summarised and grouped using the headings aetiological factors, proposed interventions to increase access and national policies to provide a framework for suicide prevention during pandemics such as COVID 19. This review indicates that 1) investing in active labour market programmes will result in a decreased suicide rate during times of high unemployment 2) People in low paid and casual jobs require specific support because they are most financially vulnerable during a pandemic related crisis 3) Women require specific support during a pandemic because of the type of employment they have and because they often carry a greater proportion of the domestic burden and are at increased risk of domestic violence during lockdown and crisis 4) Mental health and substance misuse services need to be appropriately funded and prioritised during and post pandemic, due to the associated increase in substance misuse during a pandemic causing worsening mental health and increased risk of suicide 5) National Suicide Prevention Strategies should be developed by all countries and should anticipate response to a range of disasters, including a pandemic 6) Suicide prevention is everybody's business and National Suicide Prevention Strategies should adopt a whole‐systems approach including mental health services, primary care, social care, NGO's and other community stakeholders 7) Suicide is preventable 8) It is essential to prioritise suicide prevention strategies in the COVID and post‐COVID period to ensure that lives are saved.DiscussionIncrease in suicide is not inevitable and suicide prevention during pandemics and post COVID 19 pandemics requires a collaborative whole system approach. We require real time data to inform dynamic action planning.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: the incidence and prevalence of paediatric coeliac disease across Europe
Authors: Roberts Stephen E. , Morrison‐Rees Sian , Thapar Nikhil , Benninga Marc A. , Borrelli Osvaldo , Broekaert Ilse , Dolinsek Jernej , Martin‐de‐Carpi Javier , Mas Emmanuel , Miele Erasmo , Pienar Corina , Ribes‐Koninckx Carmen , Thomassen Rut A. , Thomson Mike , Tzivinikos Christos , Thorne Kymberley , John Ann , Williams John G. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundCoeliac disease is one of the most prevalent immune‐mediated gastrointestinal disorders in children.AimTo review the incidence and prevalence of paediatric coeliac disease, and their trends, regionally across Europe, overall and according to age at diagnosis.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis from January 1, 1950 to December 31, 2019, based on PubMed, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, searches of grey literature and websites and hand searching of reference lists. A total of 127 eligible studies were included.ResultsThe prevalence of previously undiagnosed coeliac disease from screening surveys (histology based) ranged from 0.10% to 3.03% (median = 0.70%), with a significantly increasing annual trend (P = 0.029). Prevalence since 2000 was significantly higher in northern Europe (1.60%) than in eastern (0.98%), southern (0.69%) and western (0.60%) Europe. Large increases in the incidence of diagnosed coeliac disease across Europe have reached 50 per 100 000 person‐years in Scandinavia, Finland and Spain. The median age at diagnosis increased from 1.9 years before 1990 to 7.6 since 2000. Larger increases in incidence were found in older age groups than in infants and ages <5 years.ConclusionsPaediatric coeliac disease incidence and prevalence have risen across Europe and appear highest in Scandinavia, Finland and Spain. The most recent evidence shows large increases in incidence in most regions, but stabilisation in some (notably Sweden and Finland). Sharp increases in the age at diagnosis may reflect increases in milder and asymptomatic cases diagnosed since reliable serology testing became widely used, through endomysial antibodies after 1990 and tissue transglutaminase antibodies around 2000.
Systematic review: societal cost of illness of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing due to biologics and varies between continents
Authors: van Linschoten Reinier Cornelis Anthonius , Visser Elyke , Niehot Christa Diana , van der Woude C. Janneke , Hazelzet Jan Antonius , van Noord Desirée , West Rachel Louise 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundKnowledge of the cost of illness of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is essential for health policy makers worldwide.AimTo assess the cost of illness of IBD from the societal perspective taking into account time trends and geographical differences.MethodsA systematic review of all population‐based studies on cost of illness of IBD published in Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Methodology of included studies was assessed and costs were adjusted to 2018 US dollars.ResultsStudy methodologies differed considerably, with large differences in perspective, valuation method and population. For prevalent Crohn's disease (CD) cases in the last ten years annual healthcare costs were in Asia $4417 (range $1230‐$31 161); Europe $12 439 ($7694‐$15 807) and North America $17 495 ($14 454‐$20 535). For ulcerative colitis (UC), these were $1606 ($309‐$14 572), $7224 ($3228‐$9779) and $13 559 ($13 559‐$13 559). The main cost driver was medication, the cost of which increased considerably between 1985 and 2018, while outpatient and inpatient costs remained stable. IBD had a negative impact on work productivity. Annual costs of absenteeism for CD and UC were in Asia (with presenteeism) $5638 ($5638‐$5638) and $4828 ($4828‐$4828); Europe $2660 ($641‐$5277) and $2394 ($651‐$5992); North America $752 ($307‐$1303) and $1443 ($85‐$2350).ConclusionIBD societal cost of illness is increasing, driven by growing costs of medication, and varies considerably between continents. While biologic therapy was expected to decrease inpatient costs by reducing hospitalisations and surgery, these costs have not declined.
Characterisation of patients with supine nighttime reflux: observations made with prolonged wireless oesophageal pH monitoring
Authors: Oude Nijhuis Renske A. B. , Sweis Rami , Abdul‐Razakq Humayra , Schuitenmaker Jeroen M. , Wong Terry , Rusu Radu‐Ionut , Oors Jac. , Smout Andreas J. P. M. , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundAlthough nighttime reflux symptoms are common, the presence of nocturnal reflux is seldom confirmed with a standard 24 hours pH study.AimTo study patients with supine nighttime reflux symptoms using prolonged wireless pH monitoring.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients with typical acid reflux symptoms were studied using 96‐h pH monitoring. Patients with nighttime reflux symptoms were compared to those without. Night‐to‐night variability and diagnostic accuracy of 24‐, 48‐ and 72‐hours pH studies compared to the 96‐hours “gold standard” were evaluated.ResultsOf the 105 included patients (61.9% females; mean age 46.8 ± 14.4 years), 86 (81.9%) reported nighttime reflux symptoms, of which 67.4% had pathological supine nocturnal acid exposure in at least one night. There was high variance in night‐to‐night acid exposure (94% [IQR0‐144]), which was larger than the variance in upright acid exposure (58% [IQR32‐88]; P < 0.001). When analysing the first 24 hours of the pH study, 32% of patients were diagnosed with pathological supine nighttime acid exposure versus 51% of patients based upon the 96‐hours pH‐test. The diagnostic accuracy and yield improved with study duration (P < 0.001). Reflux episodes with a lower nadir pH or longer acid clearance time were more prone to provoke nightly symptoms.ConclusionsThe majority of patients with nocturnal reflux symptoms had pathological acid exposure in at least one night of the prolonged pH recording. A high night‐to‐night variability in acid exposure reduces the clinical value and diagnostic yield of pH monitoring limited to 24 hours. Prolonged testing is a more appropriate diagnostic tool for patients with nocturnal reflux symptoms.
Giving birth during the COVID‐19 pandemic, perspectives from a sample of the United States birthing persons during the first wave: March‐June 2020
Authors: Breman Rachel Blankstein , Neerland Carrie , Bradley Dani , Burgess Adriane , Barr Erik , Burcher Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic forced hospitals in the United States to adjust policy and procedure in order to provide safe care and prevent the spread of disease. At the beginning of the pandemic, media and case reports described pressure for medical interventions, visitor restrictions, separation from newborns, and an increase in patient demand for community birth (home and birth center). The purpose of this study was to describe birth experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic centering the birthing person's perspective.MethodsA survey was e‐mailed to users of the Ovia Pregnancy app reaching a national convenience sample who gave birth between March 1, 2020, and June 11, 2020. Survey topics included birth location, the Mothers on Respect index, and open‐ended questions capturing patient perspectives on the pandemic's effect on their birth experiences. Differences were assessed based on state‐level COVID rate and by race. Content analysis was performed to analyze open‐ended responses.ResultsRespondents from highly impacted COVID‐19 states more frequently changed or considered changing their birth location. Racial differences were also found with Black respondents reporting significantly more preterm births and lower respect scores when compared to White respondents. Six themes emerged from the content analysis: Institutional Policies, Changes in Care, Hospital Staff Interactions, Sub‐par Care, Issues of Support, and Mental Health.DiscussionThe health care community must continue to adapt policies and procedures to best support birthing patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The community must also continue to address the reality that Black patients receive less respectful care compared with White patients.