bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Objective Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machined Ultra-Thin Silicon Wafers Using Response Surface Methodology for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Rana Pinal , Bhartiya Divyanshu , Annebushan Singh Meinam , Marla Deepak 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recent investigations on the fabrication of ultra-thin silicon (Si) wafers using wire-electrical discharge machining (wire-EDM) were observed to possess some inherent limitations. This includes severe thermal damage, kerf-loss, and low slicing rate, which could be detrimental towards realizing actual practical applications. The extent of thermal damage, kerf-loss, and slicing rate largely depends on the process parameters such as open voltage (OV), servo voltage (SV), and pulse on-time (Ton). Therefore, choosing the optimal parameters that pertain to minimum thermal damage and kerf-loss while maintaining a higher slicing rate is the key to further excel in the fabrication of Si wafers using wire-EDM. Therefore, the present study is an effort to analyze and identify the optimal parameters that relate to the most effective Si slicing in wire-EDM. A central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing the process parameters. The capability to slice Si wafers in wire-EDM was observed to be highly influenced by the discharge energy, which had a positive impact on the overall responses. The severity of thermal damages was observed to be mainly dominated by the variation in open voltage and Ton due to the high diffusion of thermal energy into the workpiece, which led to intense melting and subsequent re-solidification. The parametric optimization resulted in OV = 84.32 V, SV = 42.98 V and Ton = 0.62 μs as the most feasible parameter that relates to comparatively high slicing rate (0.65 mm/min), low kerf-loss (280 μm) and thermal damage (18 μm) for a given machine. In general, with a decrease in spark energy slicing rate and thermal damage decreases whereas, kerf-loss increases. When spark energy decreases by 83%, there is a nearly 55% decrease in slicing rate and thermal damage and a 10% increase in kerf-loss.
Multi-Extrusion Additive Manufacturing for Error Compensation: A Demonstrative Case Study
Authors: Kan Chen , Ye Zehao , Yang Yiran , Di Lei , Shah Deep , Shah Dhairya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The global additive manufacturing industry has been rapidly increasing, owing to its unique layer-by-layer production method. While additive manufacturing has superior capabilities compared to traditional subtractive manufacturing, limitations still exist, which significantly hinder the larger-scale implementations of additive manufacturing. Some challenging issues include unsatisfactory dimensional accuracy, surface quality, etc. In the literature, extensive research efforts have dedicated to detecting, predicting, and compensating process errors using various methodologies. In this work, a new approach is proposed for error compensation using multi-extrusion additive manufacturing process. Three demonstrative case studies are conducted, i.e., multicolor and/or multimaterial printing, geometric error compensation, and rough surface compensation. Experimental results have shown that the proposed approach is effective in utilizing the multi-nozzle capability in additive manufacturing quality control. Notably, the proposed approach has remarkable potentials to be extended for in-situ error compensation. Our future forays will focus on integrating the proposed approach with in-situ process monitoring approaches for layer-wise defection and compensation of process anomalies.
Laser Engineered Net Shaping of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Titanium: Effects of Reinforcement and Laser Power
Authors: Li Yunze , Zhang Dongzhe , Wang Hui , Hu Yingbin , Cong Weilong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Titanium is widely used in many industry areas (such as automotive industry, aerospace industry, and medical industry) due to its superior properties of low density, high strength to weight ratio, strong corrosion-resistance, etc. However, commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) parts still have some disadvantages (such as relatively low hardness, and wear resistance) which limit their further applications. In order to reduce these disadvantages, some reinforcement materials (such as ceramics and nanomaterials) are involved to fabricate titanium-based parts Compared with ceramics, low content of nanomaterials could significantly improve the mechanical properties and reduce disadvantages of ceramics (such as poor wettability and low interfacial bonding between reinforcement materials and Ti). Graphene oxide (GO) is a preferable candidate of nanomaterial due to its excellent mechanical properties and low density. The GO reinforced Ti parts have been fabricated by the selective laser sintering (SLS) process. Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) process includes directed energy deposition method and powder bed fusion method. Compared with powder bed fusion method (such as the SLS and selective laser melting (SLM)), directed energy deposition method (e.g. laser engineered net shaping (LENS)) has advantages of parts repairing and gradient parts fabrication capabilities. There are no studies on the fabrication of GO-Ti parts by LENS process. In this study, GO-Ti parts are fabricated by the LENS process. The effects of GO and laser power on fabricating defects of porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties (including microhardness, elastic modulus, wear rate) were studied, for the first time.
Design and Manufacturing of Lattice Structure Using Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Alam Adeeb , Shovon Abu , Ahsan Nazmul , Habib Ahasan , Khoda Bashir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cellular solids have diverse potential applications such as mechanical, thermal, phononic, and biological applications. However, the fabrication of cellular structure with the 3D printing process is often infeasible due to the anisotropies, fabrication imperfections, and for that, a significant amount of resources is required. In this paper, we have analyzed the preprocessing knowledge base of extrusion-based 3d printing and contemplated it with post-processing performance measurement for lattice structure printing. We considered cuboid cell type micro and macro lattice structures for our analysis. To compare cuboid with truss, a single unit cell is printed, and its compressive strength is measured. Three different patterns (traditional micro infill, interlocked macro assembly, traditional macro strut) are designed and fabricated to investigate the effects of design strategy and mechanical performance. We have found anisotropic behavior in the fabricated structure as expected in traditional print. However, interlocked assembly based cuboid structure has demonstrated uniformity for both inplane and out of plane load. Furthermore, we have found that the applied load type has a bigger impact on the performance of the printed structure and should be considered during their preprocessing stage.
Controlling Peeling Front Geometry in a Roll-to-Roll Thin Film Transfer Process
Authors: Zhao Qishen , Hong Nan , Chen Dongmei , Li Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mechanical peeling is becoming an important manufacturing process in areas such as transfer printing and two-dimensional (2D) materials fabrication. Existing research has demonstrated the potential of successful peeling in small-scale by hand or with a robotic system. However, to scale up the manufacturing process, a roll-to-roll continuous system is needed. It is generally understood that the peeling front characteristics, including peeling angles, speed, and tension, are critical to the quality of the peeling process. In a roll-to-roll setting, controlling these characteristics becomes challenging since there are fewer degrees of freedom in the control design, and the complex relationship among the process parameters. In this study, a system model of a roll-to-roll peeling process is developed and a feedback controller to maintain the desired system performance is proposed. The control method is demonstrated with both numerical simulation and experimental results. It is shown that with the proposed control scheme, desired peeling front geometry can be achieved.
Spatiotemporal Fusion Network for the Droplet Behavior Recognition in Inkjet Printing
Authors: Huang Jida , Wang Tianjiao , Segura Luis Javier , Joshi Gayatri Shirish , Sun Hongyue , Zhou Chi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Inkjet 3D printing has broad applications in areas such as health and energy due to its capability to precisely deposit micro-droplets of multi-functional materials. However, the droplet of the inkjet printing has different jetting behaviors including drop initiation, thinning, necking, pinching and flying, and they are vulnerable to disturbance from vibration, material inhomogeneity, etc. Such issues make it challenging to yield a consistent printing process and a defect-free final product with desired properties. Therefore, timely recognition of the droplet behavior is critical for inkjet printing quality assessment. In-situ video monitoring of the printing process paves a way for such recognition. In this paper, a novel feature identification framework is presented to recognize the spatiotemporal feature of in-situ monitoring videos for inkjet printing. Specifically, a spatiotemporal fusion network is used for droplet printing behavior classification. The categories are based on inkjet printability, which is related to both the static features (ligament, satellite, and meniscus) and dynamic features (ligament thinning, droplet pinch off, meniscus oscillation). For the recorded droplet jetting video data, two streams of networks, the frames sampled from video in spatial domain (associated with static features) and the optical flow in temporal domain (associated with dynamic features), are fused in different ways to recognize the droplet evolving behavior. Experiments results show that the proposed fusion network can recognize the droplet jetting behavior in the complex printing process and identify its printability with learned knowledge, which can ultimately enable the real-time inkjet printing quality control and further provide guidance to design optimal parameter settings for the inkjet printing process.
Accuracy Analysis of the Micro Machine Tool With Co-Planar Driving Mechanism
Authors: Wang Shih-Ming , Ye Zhe-Zhi , Gunawan Hariyanto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Due to the manufacturing requirement of miniaturized high-tech products, micro machining with micro a micro machine tool has been regarded as an important technology. The main goal of this study is to build up the key technologies, such as optimal design, synchronously-driving control, accuracy optimization analysis for a low-cost and high-accuracy micro machine tool with a multi-DOF platform with co-plane synchronously-driving mechanism. Due to the advantages of the mechanism, the machine will be able to have high resolution and high accuracy without use of expensive drive components and high-end CNC controller. Because of no pile-up structure, the machine has less kinematic inertia effect, and has the merits of light weight, high stiffness, low cutter of gravity, and more stable. Furthermore, the machine has more DOF which gives better cutting performance than a 3-DOF machine tool. The research items include static/dynamic stiffness optimization, synchronously driving controls, hybrid error analysis. Kinematics analysis and volumetric error model will be derived and analyzed. The prototype of the designed micro machine tool was built, and the accuracy of machine was tested. The accuracy calibration results showed the machine can reach a positioning accuracy of 800nm.
Unraveling the hidden organisation of urban systems and their mobility flows
Authors: Gallotti Riccardo , Bertagnolli Giulia , De Domenico Manlio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that cities are complex systems, with structural and dynamical features responsible for a broad spectrum of emerging phenomena. Here we use a unique data set of human flows and couple it with information on the underlying street network to study, simultaneously, the structural and functional organisation of 10 world megacities. We quantify the efficiency of flow exchange between areas of a city in terms of integration and segregation using well defined measures. Results reveal unexpected complex patterns that shed new light on urban organisation. Large cities tend to be more segregated and less integrated, while their overall topological organisation resembles that of small world networks. At the same time, the heterogeneity of flows distribution might act as a catalyst for further integrating a city. Our analysis unravels how human behaviour influences, and is influenced by, the urban environment, suggesting quantitative indicators to control integration and segregation of human flows that can be used, among others, for restriction policies to adopt during emergencies and, as an interesting byproduct, allows us to characterise functional (dis)similarities of different metropolitan areas, countries, and cultures.
Changes in Diffuse Optical Tomography Images During Early Stages of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Correlate with Tumor Response in Different Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Altoe Mirella L. , Kalinsky Kevin , Marone Alessandro , Kim Hyun K. , Guo Hua , Hibshoosh Hanina , Tejada Mariella , Crew Katherine D. , Accordino Melissa K. , Trivedi Meghna S. , Hershman Dawn L. , Hielscher Andreas H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
This study's primary objective was to evaluate the changes in optically derived parameters acquired with a diffuse optical tomography breast imaging system (DOTBIS) in the tumor volume of patients with breast carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Experimental Design:
In this analysis of 105 patients with stage II–III breast cancer, normalized mean values of total hemoglobin (ctTH{b_N}$), oxyhemoglobin (ct{O_2}H{b_N}$), deoxy-hemoglobin concentration (ctHH{b_N}$), water, and oxygen saturation (St{O_2}_N$) percentages were collected at different timepoints during NAC and compared with baseline measurements. This report compared changes in these optical biomarkers measured in patients who did not achieve a pathologic complete response (non-pCR) and those with a pCR. Differences regarding molecular subtypes were included for hormone receptor–positive and HER2-negative, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer.

Results:
At baseline, ctHH{b_N}$ was higher for pCR tumors (3.97 ± 2.29) compared with non-pCR tumors (3.00 ± 1.72; P = 0.031). At the earliest imaging point after starting therapy, the mean change of ctHH{b_N}$ compared with baseline ({\Delta _{TP1}}ctHH{b_N}$) was statistically significantly higher in non-pCR (1.23 ± 0.67) than in those with a pCR (0.87 ± 0.61; P &lt; 0.0005), and significantly correlated to residual cancer burden classification (r = 0.448; P &lt; 0.0005). {\Delta _{TP1}}ctHH{b_N}$ combined with HER2 status was proposed as a two-predictor logistic model, with AUC = 0.891; P &lt; 0.0005; and 95% confidence interval, 0.812–0.969.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that DOTBIS measured features change over time according to tumor pCR status and may predict early in the NAC treatment course whether a patient is responding to NAC.
HAND1 and BARX1 Act as Transcriptional and Anatomic Determinants of Malignancy in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Hemming Matthew L. , Coy Shannon , Lin Jia-Ren , Andersen Jessica L. , Przybyl Joanna , Mazzola Emanuele , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , van de Rijn Matt , Sorger Peter K. , Armstrong Scott A. , Demetri George D. , Santagata Sandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) arises from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) or their precursors, which are present throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Although gastric GIST is commonly indolent and small intestine GIST more aggressive, a molecular understanding of disease behavior would inform therapy decisions in GIST. Although a core transcription factor (TF) network is conserved across GIST, accessory TFs HAND1 and BARX1 are expressed in a disease state-specific pattern. Here, we characterize two divergent transcriptional programs maintained by HAND1 and BARX1, and evaluate their association with clinical outcomes.

Experimental Design:
We evaluated RNA sequencing and TF chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing in GIST samples and cultured cells for transcriptional programs associated with HAND1 and BARX1. Multiplexed tissue-based cyclic immunofluorescence and IHC evaluated tissue- and cell-level expression of TFs and their association with clinical factors.

Results:
We show that HAND1 is expressed in aggressive GIST, modulating KIT and core TF expression and supporting proliferative cellular programs. In contrast, BARX1 is expressed in indolent and micro-GISTs. HAND1 and BARX1 expression were superior predictors of relapse-free survival, as compared with standard risk stratification, and they predict progression-free survival on imatinib. Reflecting the developmental origins of accessory TF programs, HAND1 was expressed solely in small intestine ICCs, whereas BARX1 expression was restricted to gastric ICCs.

Conclusions:
Our results define anatomic and transcriptional determinants of GIST and molecular origins of clinical phenotypes. Assessment of HAND1 and BARX1 expression in GIST may provide prognostic information and improve clinical decisions on the administration of adjuvant therapy.
Two Damascus Document Fragments and Mistaken Identities
Authors: Tigchelaar Eibert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two of the unidentified Cave 4 fragments preserving text of the Damascus Document which were mistakenly associated with 4Q269 should instead be assigned to 6Q15, since they join to 6Q15 fragment 1. This is the first case of a join between fragments claimed to have come from different caves. Also PAM 41.734 does not clearly distinguish between all Cave 4 and Cave 6 fragments.
A Farewell to the Hodayot of the Community
Authors: Newsom Carol A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Since the 1960s, most scholars have distinguished between two types of compositions in the Hodayot, those that represent the persona of the Teacher of Righteousness and those that represent the spiritual experience of the Community in general. This theory, however, was developed before scholars had access to a reliable reconstruction of 1QHa or to the fragmentary manuscripts of the Hodayot from Cave 4. While that evidence largely confirms the distinctiveness of the group of compositions associated with the Teacher, which are clustered in cols. 10–17, the evidence undermines the cogency of a category of “Community” hodayot. The presence of lmśkyl headings in several compositions, claims to leadership by the speaker, the appearance of an expression that implicitly compares the speaker to Moses, and other factors make it more likely that the non-Teacher hodayot should be associated with the Maśkîl rather than with ordinary sectarians.
Some new and known species of Bomolochidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) parasitic on Japanese actinopterygian fishes, 2 — with the description of two new genera
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Five species of Bomolochidae parasitic on Japanese fishes are (re)described. They are Orbitacolax leptoscari Yamaguti, 1953, Paraorbitacolax sphyraenae gen. et sp. nov., Pseudoeucanthus rhabdosargi sp. nov., Pumiliopes scombri sp. nov., and Triceracolax pagri gen. et sp. nov.
Corporate Complicity in International Crimes through Arms Supplies despite National Authorisations?
Authors: Ambos Kai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
I examine the criminal responsibility of companies for crimes committed with their exported weapons, even if that export was authorised by national authorities. Responsibility may rise directly from the national export control law and/or from (international) criminal law (icl) concerning (international) crimes committed. While (transnational) corporations have a due diligence obligation to prevent serious human rights violations, it is unclear how a national authorisation relates to this. Does it displace it, or is the authorisation overridden by the obligation? To better understand how a national authorisation procedure works, before analysing this issue from an icl perspective, I analyse German law regarding a recent case of weapons supply to Mexico. The situation under icl law is then examined regarding the Yemen complaint submitted to the International Criminal Court (icc). The article attempts some thoughts on dealing with this and similar cases, hoping to serve as a starting point for further debate.
Congregation(s) in Digital Culture
Authors: Mahan Jeffrey H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This essay draws on a particular example of Christian community in the urban American West to ask how digital culture is shifting the way religious identity, community, and leadership are being performed in cultures shaped by digital communication. It suggests more attention is needed to the complexity of organized religion and to the ways religious communities respond to media change. Further, that scholars of media, religion, and culture can help practitioners better understand their media-context and strategize within it.
Evaluation of Seasonal Forecasts for the Fire Season in Interior Alaska
Authors: Sampath Akila , Bhatt Uma S. , Bieniek Peter A. , Ziel Robert , York Alison , Strader Heidi , Alden Sharon , Thoman Richard , Brettschneider Brian , Petrescu Eugene , Peng Peitao , Mitchell Sarah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, seasonal forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), are compared with station observations to assess their usefulness in producing accurate buildup index (BUI) forecasts for the fire season in Interior Alaska. These comparisons indicate that the CFSv2 June–July–August (JJA) climatology (1994–2017) produces negatively biased BUI forecasts because of negative temperature and positive precipitation biases. With quantile mapping (QM) correction, the temperature and precipitation forecasts better match the observations. The long-term JJA mean BUI improves from 12 to 42 when computed using the QM-corrected forecasts. Further postprocessing of the QM-corrected BUI forecasts using the quartile classification method shows anomalously high values for the 2004 fire season, which was the worst on record in terms of the area burned by wildfires. These results suggest that the QM-corrected CFSv2 forecasts can be used to predict extreme fire events. An assessment of the classified BUI ensemble members at the subseasonal scale shows that persistently occurring BUI forecasts exceeding 150 in the cumulative drought season can be used as an indicator that extreme fire events will occur during the upcoming season. This study demonstrates the ability of QM-corrected CFSv2 forecasts to predict the potential fire season in advance. This information could, therefore, assist fire managers in resource allocation and disaster response preparedness.