bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Screening Tool for Everyday Mobility and Symptoms (STEMS) for skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Ireland Penelope J. , Savarirayan Ravi , Pocovi Tash , Tate Tracy , Coussens Marie , Tofts Louise , Munns Craig , Pacey Verity 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal dysplasia are genetic disorders of cartilage and bone, characterized by impairments commonly resulting in short stature, altered movement biomechanics, pain, fatigue and reduced functional performance. While current tools quantify functional mobility performance, they have not been standardly used in this population group and do not capture patient-reported symptoms such as pain or fatigue. This study evaluated a new tool, the Screening Tool for Everyday Mobility and Symptoms (STEMS), designed to accurately and objectively assess functional mobility and associated symptomology for individuals with skeletal dysplasia.MethodsIndividuals aged 5–75 years with a skeletal dysplasia completed the STEMS, the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) and Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). The correlation among the STEMS, use of mobility aides, FMS and 6MWT normalised for leg length was calculated. One-way analysis of variance compared the STEMS symptomatology to normalised 6MWT distance.ResultsOne hundred and fifty individuals with skeletal dysplasia (76 achondroplasia, 42 osteogenesis imperfecta, 32 other; 74 < 18 years, 76 ≥ 18 years) participated. Almost two thirds of the group reported pain and/or fatigue when mobilising at home, at work or school and within the community, but only twenty percent recorded use of a mobility device. The STEMS setting category demonstrated highly significant correlations with the corresponding FMS category (r = − 0.983 to − 0.0994, all p < 0.001), and a low significant correlation with the normalised 6MWT distance (r = − 0.323 to − 0.394, all p < 0.001). A decreased normalised 6MWT distance was recorded for individuals who reported symptoms of pain and/or fatigue when mobilising at home or at work/school (all p ≤ 0.004). Those who reported pain only when mobilising in the community had a normal 6MWT distance (p = 0.43–0.46).ConclusionsThe Screening Tool for Everyday Mobility and Symptoms (STEMS) is a useful new tool to identify and record mobility aide use and associated self-reported symptoms across three environmental settings for adults and children with skeletal dysplasia. The STEMS may assist clinicians to monitor individuals for changes in functional mobility and symptoms over time, identify individuals who are functioning poorly compared to peers and need further assessment, and to measure effectiveness of treatment interventions in both clinical and research settings.
Shared residential placement for child welfare and juvenile justice youth: current treatment needs and risk of adult criminal conviction
Authors: Jäggi Lena , Schmid Marc , Bürgin David , Saladin Nadine , Grob Alexander , Boonmann Cyril 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Although child welfare youth and juvenile offenders in residential care have different judicial placement reasons, there seems to be overlap in their demographic and psychosocial backgrounds. This could raise the question whether these adolescents should be placed in strictly separated institutions based on their judicial title (civil or criminal law) or together based on their needs. As systematic knowledge on the effects of shared placement of these groups is limited, the aim of the current paper is to examine the demographic, crime-related and psychosocial characteristics of child welfare and juvenile justice youths in shared residential care and subsequently examine its relationship with offending behavior in adulthood.

Methods
The sample was drawn from the Swiss study for clarification and goal-attainment in youth welfare and juvenile justice institutions (MAZ.) and consisted 354 juveniles (252 child welfare, 102 juvenile justice; 223 boys, 131 girls) between 10 and 18 years. Mental health problems were assessed with the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2), official adult criminal conviction data up to 10 years later was obtained from the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics. Three sets of logistic regressions were conducted investigating any, violent and non-violent convictions.

Results
Univariate results showed that that the child welfare sample included more females, more juveniles with the Swiss nationality, and was younger at the time of assessment and at first placement compared to the juvenile justice sample. Furthermore, child welfare youths showed less alcohol/drug use problems and offending behavior than their juvenile justice counterparts. Unadjusted models demonstrated that committing authority predicted adult criminal convictions, but that this distinction disappeared when it was controlled for demographic, crime-related and psychosocial factors. Gender and time at risk were found to be related to adult conviction in all three models. In addition, alcohol/drug use problems were risk factors for general, previous convictions for violent, and traumatic experiences for non-violent convictions in adulthood.

Conclusions
Our results support the approach of placement in residential care institutions based on treatment needs instead of on judicial title. Special attention should be devoted to trauma informed care and substance use coping. However, more research is needed.
The novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility gene ATXN1 regulates B cell receptor signaling in B-1a cells
Authors: Ma Qin , Didonna Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by complex gene-environment interactions.ATXN1maps to 6p22.3, within the 233 loci associated with an increased risk of developing MS. Toxic gain-of-function mutations inATXN1cause the neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Conversely,ATXN1loss-of-function is involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and tumorigenesis. We have recently shown thatATXN1exerts a protective immunomodulatory activity in the MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Specifically, we demonstrated that mice lackingAtxn1experience aggravated EAE due to aberrant B cell functions.Atxn1-null mice exhibit increased B cell proliferation with the concomitant expansion of specific B cell subsets including B-1a cells. This population of B cells is responsible for the production of natural immunoglobulins and has been associated with the etiology of multiple autoimmune diseases. To understand the role played byAtxn1in these cells, we performed comprehensive transcriptomic profiling ofAtxn1-null B-1a cells before and after stimulation with an encephalitogenic antigen. Importantly, we show that in this sub-populationAtxn1regulates immunoglobulin gene transcription and signaling through the B cell receptor (BCR).
The roles of extracellular vesicles in the development, microenvironment, anticancer drug resistance, and therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xueying , Guo Junnan , Yu Pingyang , Guo Lunhua , Mao Xionghui , Wang Junrong , Miao Susheng , Sun Ji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the main malignant tumours affecting human health, mainly due to delayed diagnosis and high invasiveness. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by cells into the extracellular matrix that carry important signalling molecules and stably and widely exist in various body fluids, such as plasma, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, urine, semen, lymphatic fluid, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, and sputum. EVs transport almost all types of bioactive molecules (DNA, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, metabolites, and even pharmacological compounds). These “cargoes” can act on recipient cells, reshaping the surrounding microenvironment and altering distant targets, ultimately affecting their biological behaviour. The extensive exploration of EVs has deepened our comprehensive understanding of HNSCC biology. In this review, we not only summarized the effect of HNSCC-derived EVs on the tumour microenvironment but also described the role of microenvironment-derived EVs in HNSCC and discussed how the “mutual dialogue” between the tumour and microenvironment mediates the growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune escape, and drug resistance of tumours. Finally, the clinical application of EVS in HNSCC was assessed.
Aromatic L-amino Acid Decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency: results from an Italian modified Delphi consensus
Authors:   the Delphi panel experts’ group, Fusco Carlo , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Striano Pasquale , Battini Roberta , Burlina Alberto , Spagnoli Carlotta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare and underdiagnosed neurometabolic disorder resulting in a complex neurological and non-neurological phenotype, posing diagnostic challenges resulting in diagnostic delay. Due to the low number of patients, gathering high-quality scientific evidence on diagnosis and treatment is difficult. Additionally, based on the estimated prevalence, the number of undiagnosed patients is likely to be high.MethodsItalian experts in AADC deficiency formed a steering committee to engage clinicians in a modified Delphi consensus to promote discussion, and support research, dissemination and awareness on this disorder. Five experts in the field elaborated six main topics, each subdivided into 4 statements and invited 13 clinicians to give their anonymous feedback.Results100% of the statements were answered and a consensus was reached at the first round. This enabled the steering committee to acknowledge high rates of agreement between experts on clinical presentation, phenotypes, diagnostic work-up and treatment strategies. A research gap was identified in the lack of standardized cognitive and motor outcome data. The need for setting up an Italian working group and a patients’ association, together with the dissemination of knowledge inside and outside scientific societies in multiple medical disciplines were recognized as critical lines of intervention.ConclusionsThe panel expressed consensus with high rates of agreement on a series of statements paving the way to disseminate clear messages concerning disease presentation, diagnosis and treatment and strategic interventions to disseminate knowledge at different levels. Future lines of research were also identified.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in ovarian cancer patients from Belarus: update
Authors: Savanevich Alena , Ashuryk Olgierd , Cybulski Cezary , Lubiński Jan , Gronwald Jacek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well-established risk factors for breast and ovarian cancer. In Central-Eastern European counties, the founder mutations in the BRCA1 are responsible for a significant proportion of ovarian cancer cases, however, regional differences in the frequencies of various mutations may exist. The spectrum and frequency of BRCA1/2 mutations between ovarian cancer patients have not yet been precisely established in Belarus.

Methods
Two hundred fourteen consecutive unselected cases of ovarian cancer patients from the region of West Belarus were examined. We studied 13 founder mutations in BRCA1 (c.5266dupC, c.4035delA, c.5251C > T, c.181 T > G, c.676delT, c.68_69delAG, c.3700_3704delGTAAA, c.1687C > T, c.3756_3759delGTCT) and in BRCA2 (c.658_659delGT, c.7913_7917delTTCCT, c.3847_3848delGT, c.5946delT) characteristic for Central European population.

Results
A BRCA1 or BRCA2 founder mutations were detected in 54 of the 214 (25.2%) ovarian cancer cases. The BRCA1 c.5266dupC mutation was detected in 28 patients, followed by c.4035delA mutation observed in 18 patients. BRCA1 c.3756_3759delGTCT, c.68_69delAG, and c.1687C > T were found in 3, 2, and 1 women, respectively. BRCA2 c.658_659delGT mutation was detected in 2 ovarian cancer patients. The median age of diagnosis of the 54 hereditary ovarian cancers was 57.5 years.

Conclusions
The frequency of 13 causative BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations in West Belarus was higher than in other Slavic countries. Testing of BRCA1 (c.5266dupC, c.4035delA, c.3756_3759delGTCT, c.68_69delAG, c.1687C > T as well as c.181 T > G) and BRCA2 (c.658_659delGT) mutations should be considered an inexpensive and sensitive test panel for this population.
Effectiveness of electroacupuncture for thin endometrium in infertile women: study protocol for a single-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Fangyuan , Lu Hua , Wang Xinxin , Zhang Qi , Liu Qianchen , Wang Tong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Thin endometrium negatively impacts the reproductive function. Current treatments for thin endometrium do not always improve endometrial receptivity. Preliminary evidence suggests that electroacupuncture could have potential therapy for thin endometrium in infertile women. Thus, this randomized controlled trial was designed to test whether electroacupuncture can improve endometrial receptivity in infertile women with thin endometrium.

Methods
This study is a randomized, single-blinded, controlled, clinical trial. A total of 142 eligible patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture (EA) group or the sham electroacupuncture (SEA) group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants will receive 36 sessions over three menstrual cycles (12 weeks in total), with the same acupoint prescription. The primary outcome of this trial is endometrial thickness in the midluteal phase. The secondary outcomes include endometrial pattern, resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of bilateral uterine artery and endometrium blood flow, serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P), and pregnancy rate. The pregnancy rate will be evaluated during a 6-month follow-up after completion of the trial. All other outcomes will be evaluated before treatment, during the treatment of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd menstrual cycle, and 6 months after treatment.

Discussion
If the outcome confirms the effectiveness of electroacupuncture for thin endometrium in infertile women, this treatment will be proposed for application in clinical practice.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trials Registry ChiCTR2000029983. Registered on 18 February 2020
Comparison of physical effect between two training methods for individuals with substance use disorder
Authors: Yan-guang Yang , Jing-yi Chen , Xiao-Wu Pang , Meng-lu Shen , Su-yong Yang , Ding Xu , Ke Xiao , Tian-yuan Wang , Jia-bin Wang , Dong Zhu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
HIIT has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. Exercise can help SUD reduce drug cravings, enhance mental health and return to normal life. However, whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with SUD than MICT is unclear. The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD.

Methods
One hundred twenty individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependence voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and MICT group. Both groups received training three times a week. The intervention lasted from January 2019 to December 2019. Physical fitness was assessed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity(VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 6 months and 12 months to see any change along with the improvement in physical fitness. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyse the differences in change by group (HIIT and MICT) and time (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months).

Results
The within-group factor displayed significant changes in the HIIT and MICT groups in terms of systolic BP (F (4,336) = 12.799, P < 0.001,η2 = 0.204), diastolic BP (F(4,336) = 9.495, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.16), VC (F(4,336) = 18.121, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.177), hand grip (F(4,336) = 34.815, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.293), sit-and-reach (F(4,336) = 13.871, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.142), push-up (F(4,336) = 28.805, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.255), one-leg standing with eyes closed (F(4,336) = 14.495, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.156) and choice reaction time (F(4,336) = 20.603, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.197). The craving level decreased after 12 months of intervention in both groups (F(2,168) = 11.25, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.118), but no significant differences in physical fitness and craving level were found in between groups and the interactions of group × time.

Conclusions
After 12 months of intervention, physical fitness improved while craving level decreased in the two groups. These findings suggest that both HIIT and MICT have positive effects on individuals with SUD in terms of physical fitness.

Trial registration
ChiCTR1900022158 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: Registered 27th March, 2019.
A silent public health threat: emergence of Mayaro virus and co-infection with Dengue in Peru
Authors: Aguilar-Luis Miguel Angel , del Valle-Mendoza Juana , Sandoval Isabel , Silva-Caso Wilmer , Mazulis Fernando , Carrillo-Ng Hugo , Tarazona-Castro Yordi , Martins-Luna Johanna , Aquino-Ortega Ronald , Peña-Tuesta Isaac , Cornejo-Tapia Angela , del Valle Luis J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe frequency and clinical characteristics of MAYV infection in Piura, as well as the association of this pathogen with DENV.ResultsA total of 86/496 (17.3%) cases of MAYV were detected, of which 54 were MAYV mono-infection and 32 were co-infection with DENV, accounting for 10.9% and 6.4%, respectively. When evaluating monoinfection by MAYV the main groups were 18–39 and 40–59 years old, with 25.9% and 20.4% respectively. Co-infections were more common in the age group 18–39 and those > 60 years old, with 34.4% and 21.9%, respectively. The most frequent clinical presentation were headaches (94.4%, 51/54) followed by arthralgias (77.8%, 42/54). During the 8-month study period the most cases were identified in the months of May (29.1%) and June (50.0%).
Adult tissue-resident stem cells—fact or fiction?
Authors: Bhartiya Deepa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLife-long tissue homeostasis of adult tissues is supposedly maintained by the resident stem cells. These stem cells are quiescent in nature and rarely divide to self-renew and give rise to tissue-specific “progenitors” (lineage-restricted and tissue-committed) which divide rapidly and differentiate into tissue-specific cell types. However, it has proved difficult to isolate these quiescent stem cells as a physical entity. Recent single-cell RNAseq studies on several adult tissues including ovary, prostate, and cardiac tissues have not been able to detect stem cells. Thus, it has been postulated that adult cells dedifferentiate to stem-like state to ensure regeneration and can be defined as cells capable to replace lost cells through mitosis. This idea challenges basic paradigm of development biology regarding plasticity that a cell enters point of no return once it initiates differentiation. The underlying reason for this dilemma is that we are putting stem cells and somatic cells together while processing for various studies. Stem cells and adult mature cell types are distinct entities; stem cells are quiescent, small in size, and with minimal organelles whereas the mature cells are metabolically active and have multiple organelles lying in abundant cytoplasm. As a result, they do not pellet down together when centrifuged at 100–350g. At this speed, mature cells get collected but stem cells remain buoyant and can be pelleted by centrifuging at 1000g. Thus, inability to detect stem cells in recently published single-cell RNAseq studies is because the stem cells were unknowingly discarded while processing and were never subjected to RNAseq. This needs to be kept in mind before proposing to redefine adult stem cells.
On Neumann problem for the degenerate Monge–Ampère type equations
Authors: Shi Juhua , Jiang Feida 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the global $C^{1, 1}$

C

1
,
1

regularity for viscosity solution of the degenerate Monge–Ampère type equation $\det [D^{2}u-A(x, Du)]=B(x, u, Du)$
det
[

D
2

u
−
A
(
x
,
D
u
)
]
=
B
(
x
,
u
,
D
u
)
with the Neumann boundary value condition $D_{\nu }u=\varphi (x)$

D
ν

u
=
φ
(
x
)
, where the matrix A is under the regular condition and some structure conditions, and the right-hand term B is nonnegative.
Modeling dynamics of fast food and obesity for evaluating the peer pressure effect and workout impact
Authors: Al-Tuwairqi Salma M. , Matbouli Reem T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, chronic diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart attack, and cancer, have increased around the world. Obesity is a common factor that makes individuals susceptible to these diseases. One reason for excessive weight gain is the frequent consumption of fast food. This study examined the impact that fast food has on obesity by analyzing the influence of peer pressure on fast food consumption and the role that exercise plays in weight gain. Two mathematical models were proposed to study each factor separately. The models demonstrated the dynamics of individuals transitioning from one weight class to another according to their body mass index (BMI). The models were governed by systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A qualitative approach for analyzing the systems was utilized, and the numerical simulations supported the qualitative results. The results of this study may contribute to the development of strategies for controlling obesity. In particular, the models showed the importance of resisting peer pressure that drives individuals to eat fast food meals, as well as maximizing the role that quitters can play in convincing obese individuals to stop consuming fast food meals. In addition to the two previous strategies, the research revealed that physical activity has a significant role in reducing weight.
Some new exact solutions of $(3+1)$-dimensional Burgers system via Lie symmetry analysis
Authors: Alimirzaluo Elnaz , Nadjafikhah Mehdi , Manafian Jalil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, by using the Lie symmetry analysis, all of the geometric vector fields of the$(3+1)$(3+1)-Burgers system are obtained. We find the 1, 2, and 3-dimensional optimal system of the Burger system and then by applying the 3-dimensional optimal system reduce the order of the system. Also the nonclassical symmetries of the$(3+1)$(3+1)-Burgers system will be found by employing nonclassical methods. Finally, the ansatz solutions ofBSequations with the aid of the tanh method has been presented. The achieved solutions are investigated through two- and three-dimensional plots for different values of parameters. The analytical simulations are presented to ensure the efficiency of the considered technique. The behavior of the obtained results for multiple cases of symmetries is captured in the present framework. The outcomes of the present investigation show that the considered scheme is efficient and powerful to solve nonlinear differential equations that arise in the sciences and technology.
Dynamic behaviors of a nonautonomous predator–prey system with Holling type II schemes and a prey refuge
Authors: Wu Yumin , Chen Fengde , Du Caifeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a nonautonomous predator–prey model with Holling type II schemes and a prey refuge. By applying the comparison theorem of differential equations and constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions that guarantee the permanence and global stability of the system are obtained. By applying the oscillation theory and the comparison theorem of differential equations, a set of sufficient conditions that guarantee the extinction of the predator of the system is obtained.