bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AL – Mansuriya gas fields associated liquid and its role to increase the potential capacity of gasoline fuel in Daura oil refinery
Authors: Imran Dr. Aed Jaber 
Published: May 2021

Hydrotreating processing is commonly used to remove platforming catalyst poisons from straight run or cracked naphthas prior to charging to the platforming Process unit. It can be seen that the primary function of the naphtha Hydrotreating Process can be characterized as a “Clean up” Operation. The catalyst used in the Naphtha Hydrotreating Process is composed of an alumina base impregnated with compounds of cobalt or nickel and molybdenum. The catalyst is insensitive to most poisons which affect dehydrogenation reactions. A relatively high percentage of carbon on the catalyst does not materially affect its sensitivity or selectivity. Volumetric recoveries of products depend on the sulfur and olefin contents [1].
The Naphtha Hydrotreating Process is a catalytic refining process employing a selected catalyst and a hydrogen-rich gas stream to decompose organic sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen compounds contained in hydrocarbon fractions. In addition, hydrotreating removes organo-metallic compounds and saturates olefinic compounds.
Organo-metallic compounds, notably arsenic and lead compounds, are known to be permanent poisons to platinum catalysts. "The complete removal of these materials by Hydrotreating processing gives longer catalyst life in the platforming unit.
Sulfur, above a critical level, is a temporary poison to platforming catalysts and causes an unfavorable change in the product distribution. Organic nitrogen is also a temporary poison to platforming catalyst. It is an extremely potent one, however, and relatively small amounts of nitrogen compounds in the Platformer feed can cause large deactivation effects, as well as the deposition of ammonium chloride salts in the platforming unit cold sections.
Oxygen compounds are detrimental to the operation of a Platformer. Any oxygen compounds which are not removed in the hydrotreater will be converted to water in the platforming unit, thus affecting the water/ chloride balance of the platforming catalyst. Large amounts of olefins contribute to increase coking of the platforming catalyst. Also, olefins can poly­merize at platforming operating conditions which can result in exchanger and reactor fouling.
The Naphtha Hydrotreating Process makes a major contribution to the ease of operation and economy of platforming. Much greater flexibility is afforded in choice of allowable charge stocks to the platforming unit. Because this unit protects the platforming catalyst, it is important to maintain consistently good operation in the Hydrotreating Unit.
In addition to treating naphtha for Platformer feed, naphthas produced from thermal cracking processes, such as delayed coking and visbreaking, are usually high in olefinic content and other contaminants, and may not be stable in storage. These naphthas may be hydrotreated to stabilize the olefins and to remove organic or metallic contaminants, thus providing a marketable product.
Chia Ziri formation "U. Permian" in Iraq Reservoir characteristic, depositional facies and diaigentic control on reservoir and future oil producing
Authors: Al-Hadidy Dr.Aboosh H. 
Published: May 2021

The Permian –Triassic Chia Ziri formation holds oil and gas reserves in exploration blocks in Iraq .Paleozoic is the most under explored succession in Iraq including important Permo-Triassic sequences.
Several wells was penetrated the Chia Ziri fm. in Iraq, three wells in NW Al-Jazira area (Kd-1,Mt-1 and As-1) and south west desert blocks in the two wells (Dn-1 and Wk-1). The Chia Ziri fm. represents a Permian transgression over varied topography in Iraq.
Lithologicaly, the formation is comprised of both carbonate & siliciclastic. The depositional setting was in subtidal to supratidal “shelf platform" with multiple digenetic events which control the reservoir characteristic. However,
The main source rock for entire Paleozoic plays in Iraq is Lower Silurian Akkas formation and lower Chia Ziri shaley parts.
Paleozoic is the most under explored succession in Iraq including important permo-Triassic sequences. The Permian –Triassic Chia Zairi formation holds oil and gas reserves in Iraq.
Several wells was penetrated the Chia ziri fm, in Iraq, three wells in Nw Al-jezira area and south west desert blocks
Lithologicaly,the formation is comprised of both carbonate &siliciclastic,The depositional setting was in subtidal to supratidal" shelf platform" " with multiple digentic events which control the reservoir characteristic.
The main source rock for entire Paleozoic plays in Iraq are Lower Silurian Akass Fm and lower chia Zairi shale parts
Study the Effect of The Initial Temperature of Diesel Fuel Upon Engine Performance, By Using CI Engine
Authors: Abdullah Karam Dhafer 
Published: May 2021

In my work , I investigates the effect of initial temperature of diesel fuel upon engine performance and emissions by using CI engin , with different diesel fuel cetane number ( 56 , 54 , 53 ) , from the results it showing us that the brake power is increasing with the engine speed and the increasing is (64.66 %) at maximum load with respect with brake power at minimum load ,also measuring the brake torque and it is found from the results the brake torque is increasing with the engine speed at minimum and maximum load and from the results it is found that the brake torque is increasing about (63.902 %) when compare it with brake torque at minimum load ,fuel consumption(kg/hr) is increasing with the engine speed but decreasing when increasing cetane number with the following values (6.631%,7.843%,9.15%) for cetane number ( 53,54,56 ) , and the brake specific fuel consumption also decreasing about (6.065%,6.98%,8.654%) for Cetane number (56,54,53) respectively , the thermal efficiency it is found to be increased with the engine speed and for different fuel cetane number with the following percentage (5.96%,6.837%,8.498%) for Cetane number (53, 54 , 56) respectively, The ( CO2 ) emissions is increased with the engine speed and when the Cetane number increased about (11.35%,9.457%,11.065%) for cetane number (56,54,53) respectively , The (CO) emissions is decreased when the Cetane number increased about (24.165%,20.581%,21.7%) for Cetane number (56,54,53) respectively , The (HC) emissions is decreased by increasing fuel Cetane number about (8.695%,10%,9.586%) for Cetane number (53 , 54 , 56) respectively.
تحديد تركيز غاز الرادون المنبعث من مخلفات إنتاج وتصفية النفط الخام في حقول النفط جنوب العراق
Authors: علي مسطر عبد الله 
Published: May 2021

جمعت في هذه الدراسة (30) عينة من الخبث(Sludge) والمياه المصاحبة لانتاج النفط Produced Water فضلا عن لباب الآبار النفطية Oil well core من مناطق مختلفة من حقول النفط جنوب العراق، لتحديد تراكيز غاز الرادون 222Rn المنبعث من مخلفات انتاج وتصفية النفط الخام الوليد لعنصر الراديوم المشع والناتج من انحلال نظير اليورانيوم. لقد اعتمدت طريقة القياس الفعالة active methode التقانة الالكترونية السريعة من خلال جهاز Rational Application Developer RAD7 وطريقة القياس السلبيةPassive methode طريقة القياس طويلة الأمد لانبعاث جسيمات إلفا باستخدام تقانة كواشف الآثار النووية الصلبة (Solid state Nuclear Track Detectors) SSNTDs النوع CR-39 والنوعLR-115 type II. بينت النتائج إن اكبر تركيز لغاز الرادون في الخبث هو 134118Bq/m3في خضر الماء موقع تجميع النفايات المشعة في حقل الرميلة الجنوبي واقل تركيز في عينة خبث 3420 Bq/m3 من محطة عزل الغاز الثامنة في حقل غرب القرنة/1 ، بينما كان اعلى تركيز لغاز الرادون في عينة مياه مصاحبة من بئر Ru-340في حقل الرميلة الجنوبية وهو45485 Bq/m3 واقلها Bq/m3 18162 من بئر WQ-243 في حقل غرب القرنة/1 ، اما بالنسبة الى لباب الابار النفطية كان اعلى تركيز على عمق لباب2500m عن سطح الأرض في بئرR-489 في الرميلة الشمالية وهو 42543Bq/m3 . قدرت الجرعة السنوية المؤثرة التي يمكن ان يتعرض لها العاملين في المواقع عند التلامس ووجد أنها386.9 µSv h-1 تقع خارج مستوى الجرع المقاسة في الخبث في الدول النفطية وقد تشكل اخطار مستقبلية على صحة العاملين وعليه يجب اتخاذ الاجراءات الوقائية للحفاظ على صحة وسلامة العاملين في الحقول النفطية.
تحسين قابلية الخرسانة على العزل الحراري في درجات الحرارة العالية بأضافة مواد نانوية
Authors: الرفاعي د. وائل نور الدين , عبد د. فياض محمد , الجبوري محمد سليمان محمد 
Published: May 2021

يتضمن هذا البحث دراسة عملية لمدى تأثير اضافة مواد نانوية (غبار السيليكا النانوي والميتاكاؤولين النانوي) على قابلية الخرسانة للعزل الحراري في درجات الحرارة العالية مع تحسين الخواص الميكانيكية للخرسانة بأضافة تلك المواد النانوية، اي الحصول على خرسانة ذات قابلية جيدة في العزل الحراري مع خواص ميكانيكية جيدة وهو نوع جيد من الخرسانة يختلف عن الخرسانة الخفيفة الوزن او الخرسانة التقليدية وبذلك يمكن الاستفادة من التحسينات التي تحدثها المواد النانوية على الخرسانة والمونة السمنتية من ناحية العزل الحراري في المنشأت الحرارية والافران والمراجل من اجل الحصول على مواد عازلة جيدة ويمكن للقطاع النفطي والصناعي الاستفادة منها.
تم في هذا البحث اضافة المواد النانوية الى الخرسانة بنسب وزنية مختلفة من وزن السمنتكما تم استخدام ملدن فائق لغرض المحافظة على قابلية تشغيل جيدة مع عدم تغيير المحتوى المائي للخلطات الخرسانية مع اضافة نسبة من الياف الكاربون المقطع، تم اجراء فحص مقاومة الانضغاط ومعاير الكسر للمكعبات ومواشير الخرسانة النانوية قبل وبعد تعرضها لدرجات حرارة مختلفة تراوحت بين (25-750 درجة مئوية) ولمدة ساعتين لبيان تأثير درجات الحرارة العالية على الخواص الميكانيكية للخرسانة النانوية.
كما تم ايجاد معامل التوصيل الحراري للخرسانة النانوية المسلحة بمشبك الياف الزجاج (مشبك تسليح) حيث اظهرت النتائج بصورة عامة تحسن كبير في قابلية الخرسانة على العزل الحراري.
An investigation of the optimum separation conditions in the Degassing stations of one of southern Iraqi oil Field
Authors: AL-Maliki Madhi A. R. Swadi 
Published: May 2021

In field separation facilities operation, operators tend to determine the optimum conditions to maximize revenue.
The object of this study is to investigate the present number of separation stages and their optimal conditions for degassing stations of oil Field.
A computer program model was written to predict the optimal conditions for oil field gas-oil separation stations subject to a given crude oil composition , flow rate and feed temperature and pressure using flash calculations with modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong Equation of state.
Nine Bottom-hole well samples of reservoir crude oil was collected and subjected to PVT analysis commonly performed on crude oil, Surface stage separators gas samples at steady condition were taken and analyzed by gas chromatography apparatus to determine the gas composition.
A good agreement was found by comparing theoretical and experimental prediction for gas composition.
The results indicate that the present five separation stages is the optimum number and the values obtained for these optimum stages pressure are (514.7,119.7,42.7,26.7,14.7 psig) for Summer and (464.7,119.7,42.7,26.7,14.7 Psig) for Winter where the current operation pressures are (614.7,119.7,42.7,26.7,14.7 psi) for Summer and Winter. The total liquid yields in stock tank reaches (1.29, 1.31 %) for summer and winter respectively and the stock tank API Gravity reaches (0.41, 0.42) for summer and winter respectively.
Treatment of Wastewater Associated With Crude Oil in Reservoirs
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Thamer J. , Jasim Jasim M. 
Published: May 2021

The produced water or wastewater resulting from the oil reservoirs in Basrah Petroleum Company / Zubair 1 Warehouse causes very high pollution in the land. The aim of this study is to find possible ways to treat such produced water and to remove turbidity through coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and adsorption. Experimental tests of the properties for natural produced water such as turbidity, pH, TDS, TSS, and oil content found out that oil content = 137 mg/L and turbidity = 122 NTU. The produced water is treated with two types of coagulant poly aluminum chloride, alum and with two other types of adsorbent (Bentonite , Zeolite (Cation and Anion)). The coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation experiments are performed using a Jar-test device and adsorption experiments , and a magnetic stirrer device are used at different times, speeds, and concentrations.
It is found through the practical results that the best dosages of (poly aluminum chloride and alum) are (3, 35, 6.75, and 30) mg/L to obtain R% (96.3, 93, 99, and 98.9), respectively.
It is found from the experimental results of adsorption that the best results of weight adsorbent, stirrer time and stirrer speed to obtain maximum removal efficiency are (6 gram anion zeolite ,15 minute and 920 rpm) R% (98 , 97.8 and 99.2), respectively .
It is found that the best results are poor at different parameters, except when it is used (2) gram of bentonite obtained R% of turbidity weight, stirrer time and stirrer speed by bentonite and zeolite (cation and anion) were (2 gram) . Finally, it was found that removing the oil content by adsorption (97.8) is better than coagulation (96.3). And the results for removing turbidity by coagulation (99) is better than adsorption (97.4)
استخدام تقنية تحليل المركبات الأساسية (PCA) لتحديد التراكيب المنخفضة الارتفاع / شمالي غرب العراق
Authors: حميد Dr. basman , حمدون Dr. alaa 
Published: May 2021

ان الغاية الاساسية في هذه الدراسة هو ابراز وتثمين استخدام احد تقنيات التحسس النائي (وهي طريقة تحليل المركبات الاساسية PCA) في تشخيص وتحديد الاشكال الارضية الموجبة وخصوصا التراكيب المحدبة ذات الارتفاع الطوبوغرافي المنخفض في منطقة الدراسة والمحصورة بين غرب بحيرة سد الموصل وناحية العوينات شمال غرب مدينة الموصل.
أظهرت نتائج البحث ان استخدام طريقة (PCA)في المعالجة الرقمية للمرئيات الفضائية يعمل على تركيز معظم المعلومات التي تحتويها الحزم الطيفية الستة (للمرئية الفضائية الملتقطة بالقمر الصناعي لاندسات 5 المأخوذة بتاريخ 2009 والمستخدمة في هذه الدراسة) في المركبة الأساسية الأولى حيث كانت نسبة التباين في هذه المركبة اكثر من 90% من التباين الكلي أي ان هذه المركبة استحوذت على معظم المعلومات حول المعالم الأرضية في منطقة الدراسة في حين توزعت المعلومات القليلة المتبقية على المركبات الخمسة الباقية حيث بلغت نسبة التباين في المركبة الثانية حوالي 2% والثالثة حوالي 1% اما باقي المركبات الثلاث فنسبة التباين فيهم اقل من 1% اي اقل قدر من المعلومات.
كنتيجة نهائية لهذه الدراسة، فقد تم إعداد مرئيات ملونة كاذبة من المركبات الأساسية الناتجة وهذه المرئيات الناتجة ساعدت في تشخيص وتحديد بعض الأشكال الأرضية موجبة التي يصعب تمييزها بصريا ومن المرجح ان تكون تراكيب جيولوجية محدبة ذات محتوى هايدركاربوني. من هذه الاشكال الارضية التي تم تحديدها هما تركيبين محدبين قرب ناحية العوينات بامتداد شرق-غرب وهما ذو ارتفاع طوبوغرافي منخفض، بالاضافة الى تركيب محدب اخر يقع الى جنوب تركيب بطمة المحدب و ذو امتداد شرق-غرب.
Perancangan Aplikasi It Help Desk Menggunakan Platform Node.Js Pada Mittasys
Authors: Dwi Nurul Huda  , Aggry Saputra  , Yulinda  
Published: May 2021

Mittasys is a company engaged in programming services. The company have not had a system that is able to handle the company's relationship with customers. In after-sales service, the company has not been able to maximize service of customer complaints or questions.Based on the existing problems, the authors built a help desk software web application. This web application uses waterfall as a method of development. The design of this application uses Node.js platform and uses a Microsoft SQL Server as a database. From the results of software design, it is expected to help the company in handling every customer who needs so as to improve service and produce accuracy in finding the data needed.
Working up an Apatite: Enigmatic Mesoarchean Hydrothermal Cu-Co-Au Mineralization in the Pilbara Craton
Authors: Fox David C.M. , Spinks Samuel C. , Barham Milo , Kirkland Christopher L. , Pearce Mark A. , Aspandiar Mehrooz , Birchall Renee , Mead Ed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Globally, significant examples of hydrothermal Cu-Co mineralization are rare within Archean greenstone belts, especially relative to the endowment of these terranes with other world-class hydrothermal ore deposits, particularly Au deposits. Using U-Pb geochronology of hydrothermal apatite, this study provides the first absolute age constraints on the timing of mineralization for the Carlow Castle Cu-Co-Au deposit. Carlow Castle is a complex, shear zone-hosted, veined Cu-Co-Au mineral system situated within the Paleo-Mesoarchean Roebourne greenstone belt of the Pilbara craton of northwestern Western Australia. Although U-Pb geochronology of this deposit is challenging due to low levels of radiogenic Pb in synmineralization apatite, mineralization is best estimated at 2957 ± 67 Ma (n = 61). Additionally, analysis of alteration phases associated with Carlow Castle mineralization suggests that it is dominated by a propylitic assemblage that is characteristic of alkaline fluid chemistry and peak temperatures &gt;300°C. Within proximal portions of the northwest Pilbara craton, the period of Carlow Castle’s formation constrained here is associated with significant base-metal volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization and magmatic activity related to back-arc rifting. This rifting and associated magmatic activity are the most likely source of Carlow Castle’s unique Cu-Co-Au mineralization. Carlow Castle’s Mesoarchean mineralization age makes it among the oldest discovered Cu-Co-Au deposits globally, and unique in the broader context of hydrothermal Cu-Co-Au deposits. Globally, hydrothermal Cu-Co mineralization occurs almost exclusively as Proterozoic and Phanerozoic stratiform sediment-hosted Cu-Co deposits due to the necessity of meteorically derived oxidized ore fluids in their formation. This research therefore has implications for exploration for atypical Cu-Co deposits and Cu-Co metallogenesis through recognition of comparably uncommon magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-Co-Au ore-forming processes and, consequently, the potential for analogous Cu-Co-Au mineralization in other Archean greenstone belts.
Patentes sobre biomateriales derivados del cuerpo humano: derechos de propiedad industrial vs. derecho a la salud en México
Authors: Gutiérrez Avalos Karen Lizeth , Arcudia Hernández Carlos Ernesto 
Published: May 2021

La concesión de patentes sobre biomateriales derivados del cuerpo humano plantea tensiones entre el derecho de propiedad industrial y el derecho a la salud. En el presente trabajo repasamos el derecho europeo de patentes como referente para interpretar la legislación mexicana en la materia. Y de otra parte, analizamos las implicaciones de concesión de biopatentes en el derecho a la salud en sus dos facetas: de acceso a los servicios de salud y de los parámetros éticos que se han de cumplir en investigaciones sobre salud en seres humanos. Por último, analizamos solicitudes presentadas ante el Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial y comprobaremos si se cumplen o no con los parámetros marcados por la legislación en materia de salud.
Patents grants of biomaterials derived from the human body sets tension between the intellectual property law and the health rights. In this paper we re-examine the Patents European Law as a guide to interpreter the Mexican law in this subject. And, on the other hand we analyze the implications on patent grants in both aspects of health rights: in the access to the health services and in the ethics parameters that must be fulfilled in researches of human beings health. And, finally we analyze applications submitted to the Industrial Property Mexican Institute and verify if the parameters stated by the health legislation are or are not obeyed.
Histomorphological Characteristics and Distribution of Prostatic Carcinoma Foci Using Multiple Site-Specific Labelled Core Biopsies in a tertiary Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Omenai S. A. , Mashor I. M. , Chibuzo I. N. C. , Adebayo S. , Shittu O. B. , Ogunbiyi J. O. 
Published: May 2021

Background and Objective: There are many evolving prostatic biopsy sampling techniques aimed at improving diagnostic accuracy, localization, prognostication and dictating prostate cancer treatment options. This study analysed the histomorphology, spatial distribution and prognostic implications of site-specific core biopsies of the prostate gland.
Methods: Double-sextant prostate biopsy cores, representing the medial and lateral aspects of the left and right apices, mid-gland and bases of the glands, were microscopically examined prospectively over an 18-month period. These were obtained by transrectal ultrasound guidance. H&E stained slides were examined for the presence, volume, Gleason score and ISUP grade-group of cancer.
Results: Ninety-one patients aged 48 to 88 years (median age 70 years) were seen. In 68.1% of cases all anatomical zones of an examined prostate gland (apices, mid-gland and bases) had cancer. Overall, the apical region of the prostate gland had cancer in 35.6% of cases, the mid-gland portion 33.8% of the time while the basal region was positive in 30.6% of the cases. Tumour was restricted to mid-gland in 5.5% of cases, the apex in 4.4%, whilst it was restricted to the base in 2.2% of the cases. At least a core from all sextant biopsy sites had cancer in 42.9% of cases. Carcinoma volume was least in basally located cancers. ISUP grade group 5 was most frequently seen and grade group 2 was the least seen.
Conclusion: Prostatic carcinomas in our region have poor prognostic indicators such as poor differentiation, high tumour volume, and in most cases involves biopsy cores from all anatomical zones of the prostate.
YIGSR Functionalized Hybrid Exosomes Spatially Target Dasatinib to Laminin Receptors for Precision Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tiwari Pratiksha , Shukla Ravi Prakash , Yadav Krishna , Sharma Madhu , Bakshi Avijit Kumar , Panwar Dilip , Singh Neha , Agarwal Neha , Mugale Madhav Nilakanth , Mishra Prabhat Ranjan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, YIGSR‐functionalized exosomes (Exo) are engineered and hybridized with lipid polymeric nanoparticles (LPNPs) followed by loading of chemotherapy Dasatinib (DST) to spatially target laminin receptors on tumors. Exo derived from differentiated macrophages are engineered with YIGSR targeting peptides.These YIGSR‐Exo are subsequently fused with LPNPs membranes using the freeze‐thaw method, resulting in fused hybrid YIGSR‐Exo, which are then loaded with DST, creating DST‐FuNP@YIGSR‐Exo and targeted breast cancer (BC), leading to enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential (54.50 ±5.0%), increased reactive oxygen species (59.50 ± 6.0%), and apoptosis (63 ± 6.5%), ultimately inducing cell death. Further, cellular uptake and receptor blocking studies confirm the binding affinity and interaction of DST‐FuNP@YIGSR‐Exo with laminin receptors, Intravenous pharmacokinetic analysis of DST‐FuNP@YIGSR‐Exo reveals a significant improvement in AUC0‐∞, with a 20.84‐fold increase compared to free DST and a 1.61‐fold enhancement over DST‐FuNP@Exo. This is further supported by in vivo imaging and demonstrated improved tumor localization. A tumor regression study shows a 6.8‐fold reduction in tumors. Tumor tissue‐specific IHC for the Ki67 proliferative marker is significantly reduced in the targeted formulation. The potential of DST‐FuNP@YIGSR‐Exo as an effective carrier for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs, paving the path for the advancement of biologically obtained nanocarriers for targeted breast cancer.