bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large vessel cardioembolic stroke and embolic stroke of undetermined source share a common profile of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 level and susceptibility vessel sign length
Authors: Alhazmi Hanan , Bani‐Sadr Alexandre , Bochaton Thomas , Paccalet Alexandre , Da Silva Claire Crola , Buisson Marielle , Amaz Camille , Ameli Roxana , Berthezene Yves , Eker Omer Faruk , Ovize Michel , Cho Tae‐Hee , Nighoghossian Norbert , Mechtouff Laura 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmbolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) accounts for up to 25% of ischemic strokes. Identification of biomarkers that could improve the prediction of stroke subtype and subsequently of stroke prevention still remains a major issue.MethodsThe HIBISCUS‐STROKE cohort includes ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy following admission magnetic resonance imaging. Presence and length of susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) were assessed by gradient‐recalled echo T2*‐weighted imaging. Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) was measured on sera collected at admission. A multiple logistic regression model was performed to detect independent markers distinguishing cardioembolic (CE) from large‐artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype.ResultsA total of 147 patients were included, of them the etiology was distributed as follows: 86 (58.5%) CE, 26 (17.7%) LAA, and 35 (23.8%) ESUS. The optimal cutoff for differentiating CE from LAA subtype was 14.5 mm for SVS length (sensitivity, 79.7%; specificity, 72.7%) and 1110 ng/ml for admission MMP‐9 level (sensitivity, 85.3%; specificity, 52.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed that current smoking (odds ratio [OR] 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.93), tandem occlusion (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.01–0.21), SVS length (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63–0.97), and admission MMP‐9 level (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00) were inversely associated with CE subtype. SVS length and MMP‐9 level did not differ between ESUS and CE subtypes.ConclusionSVS length and admission MMP‐9 level may improve the prediction of CE subtype whose profile is close to ESUS, thus suggesting a common cardiac embolic source.
Effectiveness of a resistance exercise program for lower limbs in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Exel Ana Luiza , Lima Paulo Soares , Urtado Christiano Bertoldo , Dibai‐Filho Almir Vieira , Vilanova Claudia Lucio , Sabino Elaine Fávaro Pípi , Cunha Thúlio Marquez , de Farias‐Filho Flávio Teles , de Miranda Claudio Torres , da Silva Robinson Sabino , Bassi‐Dibai Daniela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPhysical inactivity in hemodialysis patients is associated with increased mortality. The objective of this study was evaluated the effect of an intradialytic resistance exercise program on chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis.MethodsOne hundred seven patients were included in the study. They were aged 18–60 years, of both sexes, had undergone hemodialysis treatment for at least 1 year, sedentary. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: stretching (STG) and resistance exercise (REG). Intervention programs were performed for 8 weeks, three times a week. The evaluations were performed before and after the training programs. The primary outcome was functional capacity using the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary outcomes were peripheral muscle strength, respiratory muscle strength, spirometric respiratory function, and laboratory data.FindingsComparisons between groups revealed the following clinically relevant results in favor of REG: lower limb muscle strength (mean difference [MD] = −1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.77 to −1.21; d = −0.53), distance walked in the 6MWT (MD = −26.27, 95% CI = −45.40 to −7.14; d = −0.46), creatinine (MD = −1.52, 95% CI = −2.49 to −0.54; d = −0.66), and calcium (MD = −0.44, 95% CI = −0.78 to −0.10; d = −0.49).DiscussionCKD patients on hemodialysis have reduced functional capacity compared to healthy sedentary individuals. In turn, this reduction appears to be associated with a lower survival rate and affects the performance of their daily living activities. Thus, resistance exercise performed in the intradialytic phase is an effective therapeutic strategy for CKD patients, mainly because it increases functional capacity and lower limb muscle strength.
CLASS OR COMMUNITY? MARX, THE RUSSIAN COMMUNE, AND CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL THEORY
Authors: MACÍAS VÁZQUEZ ALFREDO , ALONSO GONZÁLEZ PABLO , PARGA DANS EVA 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between class and community through a discussion of peasant struggles and the commune during the Russian Revolution. Doing so, we show how Marx's class‐oriented reflections on community can help us to understand the role that the peasantry plays (or should play) in processes of social transformation. This enables us, first, to understand the relevance of communal forms for Marx, who believed that communitarian ways of life were crucial for overcoming a value‐based society. It is, in fact, a mistake to divide Marx's intellectual trajectory into two periods: a categorical Marx, who authored Capital and critically analyzed the classical theory of value, and a phenomenological, empirical Marx, who in the last years of his life abandoned writing Capital and focused instead on studying the Russian peasantry. Second, it enables us to discuss new externalist visions, such as postcolonial and decolonial theories, which postulate that the subordination of contemporary peasant communities is rooted in epistemology, culture, and local power relations. These theories are related to the old social‐democratic canon, which conceives of social classes as preconstituted entities and of capital as a parasitic externality that is incommensurable with social dynamics. The experience of the Russian peasantry calls into question all externalist and ontological perspectives.
SEAGULLS! ON MARTIN HÄGGLUND'S THIS LIFE: SECULAR FAITH AND SPIRITUAL FREEDOM
Authors: Wurgaft Benjamin Aldes 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn this review essay, I examine Martin Hägglund's This Life: Secular Faith and Spiritual Freedom, a book that argues on behalf of democratic socialism on the basis of an atheistic confrontation with the fact of our mortality. Hägglund's book includes readings of Søren Kierkegaard, Karl Ove Knausgaard, Karl Marx, and Martin Luther King Jr. and is best assessed as a literary and philosophical, rather than historical, study of the relation between mortality and social action. Simply put, Hägglund believes that, from the standpoint of an atheistic confrontation with our mortality, our time itself should be our ultimate measure of value. He furthermore believes that democratic socialism is the political and economic form that most naturally follows from this, allowing us to honor, defend, and enhance one another's mortal time and freedom to make choices—and that, by comparison with atheism, religion offers only the false coin of otherworldly salvation. Although sympathizing with Hägglund's existential and political orientations, I criticize his account of religion, which I find to be historically weak. But I also criticize his approach to the problem of valuation, or the issue of how we make choices in relation to our limited time. Whereas Hägglund believes that mortal creatures like ourselves must make choices in a spirit of commitment—the “secular faith” of his subtitle—I observe that, despite our mortality, we humans make our choices in a variety of psychological states, and that asking us to occupy only one such state—one of zealous resolve—actually undermines our “spiritual freedom,” another one of Hägglund's key terms.
Impact of more conservative European Society of Cardiology guidelines on the management of patients with acute chest pain
Authors: Kienbacher Calvin L. , Fuhrmann Verena , van Tulder Raphael , Havel Christof , Schreiber Wolfgang , Rasoul‐Rockenschaub Susanne , Wrba Thomas , Herkner Harald , Laggner Anton N. , Roth Dominik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveEarly diagnosis or rule‐out of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a key competence of emergency medicine. Changes in the NSTE‐ACS guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2015 and 2020 both warranted a henceforth more conservative approach regarding high‐sensitivity troponin t (hsTnt) testing.We aimed to assess the impact of more conservative guidelines on the frequency of early rule‐out and prolonged observation with repeated hsTnt testing at a high‐volume tertiary care emergency department.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a pre‐ and post‐changeover analysis 3 months before and 3 months after transition from less (hsTnt cut‐off 30 ng/L, 3‐hour rule‐out) to more conservative (hsTnt cut‐off 14 ng/L, 1‐hour rule‐out) guidelines in 2015, comparing proportions of patients requiring repeated testing.ResultsWe included 5442 cases of symptoms suspicious of acute cardiac origin (3451 before, 1991 after, 2370 (44%) female, age 55 (SD 19) years). The proportion of patients fulfilling early‐rule out criteria decreased from 68% (2348 patients) before to 60% (1195 patients) with the 2015 guidelines (P < .01). Those requiring repeated testing significantly (P < .01) increased from 22% (743 patients) to 25% (494 patients). Positive results in repeated testing significantly (P = .02) decreased from 43% (320 patients) to 37% (181 patients). Invasive diagnostics were performed in 91 patients (2.6%) before and in 75 patients (3.8%) after (P = .02) the guideline revision.ConclusionThe implementation of the more conservative 2015 ESC guidelines led to a minor rise in prolonged observations because of an increase in negative repeated testing and to an increase in invasive procedures.
Metabolic regulators of enigmatic inflammasomes in autoimmune diseases and crosstalk with innate immune receptors
Authors: Jimenez‐Duran Gisela , Triantafilou Martha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat receptor (NLR)‐mediated inflammasome activation is important in host response to microbes, danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and metabolic disease. Some NLRs have been shown to interact with distinct cell metabolic pathways and cause negative regulation, tumorigenesis and autoimmune disorders, interacting with multiple innate immune receptors to modulate disease. NLR activation is therefore crucial in host response and in the regulation of metabolic pathways that can trigger a wide range of immunometabolic diseases or syndromes. However, the exact mode by which some of the less well‐studied NLR inflammasomes are activated, interact with other metabolites and immune receptors, and the role they play in the progression of metabolic diseases is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we review up‐to‐date evidence regarding NLR function in metabolic pathways and the interplay with other immune receptors involved in GPCR signalling, gut microbiota and the complement system, in order to gain a better understanding of its link to disease processes.
Issues, challenges, and a proposed theoretical core of agile software development research
Authors: Baham Corey , Hirschheim Rudy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, agile software development (ASD) has garnered much attention in both research and practice. Several ASD methods and techniques have been developed and studied. In particular, researchers have provided several theoretical perspectives on ASD and contributed rich insights to the ASD practice. Still, despite calls for a more unified theoretical understanding of ASD, a theoretical core of ASD has not been identified. This paper offers a theoretical core of ASD research, clarifying what is essential and what is less essential for IS agility, hoping to spark a scholarly discussion, and provides implications of such a core for understanding method tailoring.
The school bus routing problem with student choice: a bilevel approach and a simple and effective metaheuristic
Authors: Calvete Herminia I. , Galé Carmen , Iranzo José A. , Toth Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe school bus routing problem (SBRP) involves interrelated decisions such as selecting the bus stops, allocating the students to the selected bus stops, and designing the routes for transporting the students to the school taking into account the bus capacity constraint, with the objective of minimizing the cost of the routes. This paper addresses the SBRP when the reaction of students to the selection of bus stops is taken into account, that is, when students are allowed to choose the selected bus stop that best suits them. A bilevel optimization model with multiple followers is formulated, and its transformation into a single‐level mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed. A simple and effective metaheuristic algorithm is also developed to solve the problem. This algorithm involves solving four MILP problems at the beginning, which can be used to obtain tight upper bounds of the optimal solution. Extensive computational experiments on SBRP benchmark instances from the literature show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of both the quality of the solution found and the required computing time.
Spawning, embryogenesis, settlement, and post‐settlement development of the gorgonian Plexaura homomalla
Authors: Tonra Kaitlyn J. , Wells Christopher D. , Lasker Howard R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPatterns of population biology and community structure can be studied by looking closely at the ontogeny and reproductive biology of reef‐building organisms. This knowledge is particularly important for Caribbean octocorals, which seem to be more resilient to long‐term environmental change than scleractinian corals and provide some of the same ecological services. We monitored the development of the black sea rod, Plexaura homomalla, a common, widely distributed octocoral on shallow Caribbean reefs, from eggs to three‐polyp colonies over the course of 10 weeks. Gametes were collected ex situ on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, during spawning events that occurred 3–6 days after the July full moon. Cleavage started 3.0 hr after fertilization and was holoblastic, equal, and radial. Embryos were positively buoyant until becoming planulae at 3 days after fertilization. Planulae were competent to settle 4 days after fertilization. Symbiodiniaceae began infecting polyps ~8 days after fertilization. Overall, development was typical for Caribbean octocorals, except for an increase in the number of embryos between 3.5 and 6.0 hr after fertilization.
Interfacial reactions between B2O3 and spark plasma sintered Yb2Si2O7
Authors: Guarriello Rachel , Hoglund Eric , Heinrich Helge , Opila Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReactions between boria (B2O3) and Yb2Si2O7 were studied via a series of idealized interfacial “well” tests. Boria oxidizes out of SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) where BN is used as a fiber/matrix interphase and boron‐rich inclusions often serve as aids in the melt infiltration process. Borate phases are highly reactive and can react with the rare earth silicates currently being utilized as environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for these CMC systems. Ytterbium disilicate substrates for these well tests are prepared via spark plasma sintering. The well is then drilled into the substrates and filled with a boria glass plug. Exposures in a stagnant‐air box furnace show that the boria is reacting with the disilicate via a substitution reaction leaving YbBO3 and amorphous silica glass as the product phases. This phase was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and elemental dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), micro‐focus X‐ray diffraction, and selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) was also used to analyze water‐soluble glassy phases left on the surface of the substrates post‐exposure, indicating that the boron content of the glass was decreasing with both increasing exposure times and temperatures. There are few data on the borate product phase properties, however the results of this study suggest that the boria formed via oxidation from the SiC/BN/SiC composites could be detrimental to the performance of Yb2Si2O7 environmental barrier coatings via formation of the borate phase and silica.
Economic implications of access to daylight and views in office buildings from improved productivity
Authors: MacNaughton Piers , Woo May , Tinianov Brandon , Boubekri Mohamed , Satish Usha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious research has found significant impacts of daylight and views on the cognitive function of office workers. In this study, we use scores on decision‐making performance to estimate the annual economic potential of optimizing daylighting and views in U.S. offices. Cognitive scores were compared against over 100,000 previous test scores to obtain the distributional shift in cognitive performance when working in an office with optimized daylighting and views as opposed to an office with traditional blinds. These changes in performance were then compared to compensation data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Office workers shifted on average from the 52nd percentile to 65th percentile, equivalent to a $11,809 difference in salary per person per year. When conservatively accounting for the number of employees working within 15 ft of a window with blinds, optimizing daylight and views in U.S. offices has the potential to generate $352B ($240B–$464B), or 1.7% of the 2018 U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), in additional productivity. These findings suggest that building developers, architects and tenants should give additional attention to daylight design and façade technology as they consider new building construction, renovation and leasing options.
Predictors of permanent pacemaker insertion after TAVR: A systematic review and updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Mahajan Sugandhi , Gupta Rahul , Malik Aaqib H. , Mahajan Pranav , Aedma Surya K. , Aronow Wilbert S. , Mehta Sanjay S. , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this analysis was to evaluate the predictors associated with increased risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundWhile TAVR has evolved as the standard of care for patients with severe aortic stenosis, conduction abnormalities leading to the need for PPMI is one of the most common postprocedural complications.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant trials from inception to May 2020. Summary effects were calculated using a DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects model as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals for all the clinical endpoints.ResultsThirty‐seven observational studies with 71 455 patients were identified. The incidence of PPMI following TAVR was 22%. Risk was greater in men and increased with age. Patients with diabetes mellitus, presence of right bundle branch block, baseline atrioventricular conduction block, and left anterior fascicular block were noted to be at higher risk. Other significant predictors include the presence of high calcium volume in the area below the left coronary cusp and noncoronary cusp, use of self‐expandable valve over balloon‐expandable valve, depth of implant, valve size/annulus size, predilatation balloon valvuloplasty, and postimplant balloon dilation.ConclusionFourteen factors were found to be associated with increased risk of PPMI after TAVR, suggesting early identification of high‐risk populations and targeting modifiable risk factors may aid in reducing the need for this post TAVR PPMI.
Atrial fibrosis and substrate based characterization in atrial fibrillation: Time to move forwards
Authors: Quah Jing X. , Dharmaprani Dhani , Tiver Kathryn , Lahiri Anandaroop , Hecker Teresa , Perry Rebecca , Selvanayagam Joseph B. , Joseph Majo X. , McGavigan Andrew , Ganesan Anand 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. However, current therapeutic interventions for atrial fibrillation have limited clinical efficacy as a consequence of major knowledge gaps in the mechanisms sustaining atrial fibrillation. From a mechanistic perspective, there is increasing evidence that atrial fibrosis plays a central role in the maintenance and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. Electrophysiologically, atrial fibrosis results in alterations in conduction velocity, cellular refractoriness, and produces conduction block promoting meandering, unstable wavelets and micro‐reentrant circuits. Clinically, atrial fibrosis has also linked to poor clinical outcomes including AF‐related thromboembolic complications and arrhythmia recurrences post catheter ablation. In this article, we review the pathophysiology behind the formation of fibrosis as AF progresses, the role of fibrosis in arrhythmogenesis, surrogate markers for detection of fibrosis using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping, along with their respective limitations. We then proceed to review the current evidence behind therapeutic interventions targeting atrial fibrosis, including drugs and substrate‐based catheter ablation therapies followed by the potential future use of electro phenotyping for AF characterization to overcome the limitations of contemporary substrate‐based methodologies.
Pancreatitis severity in mice with impaired CFTR function but pancreatic sufficiency is mediated via ductal and inflammatory cells‐Not acinar cells
Authors: Trapp Simon , Aghdassi Ali A. , Glaubitz Juliane , Sendler Matthias , Weiss Frank Ulrich , Kühn Jens Peter , Kromrey Marie‐Luise , Mahajan Ujjwal M. , Pallagi Petra , Rakonczay Zoltán , Venglovecz Viktória , Lerch Markus M. , Hegyi Peter , Mayerle Julia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) are an established risk factor for cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic pancreatitis. Whereas patients with CF usually develop complete exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, pancreatitis patients with CFTR mutations have mostly preserved exocrine pancreatic function. We therefore used a strain of transgenic mice with significant residual CFTR function (CFTRtm1HGU) to induce pancreatitis experimentally by serial caerulein injections. Protease activation and necrosis were investigated in isolated acini, disease severity over 24h, pancreatic function by MRI, isolated duct stimulation and faecal chymotrypsin, and leucocyte function by ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Pancreatic and lung injury were more severe in CFTRtm1HGU but intrapancreatic trypsin and serum enzyme activities higher than in wild‐type controls only at 8h, a time interval previously attributed to leucocyte infiltration. CCK‐induced trypsin activation and necrosis in acini from CFTRtm1HGU did not differ from controls. Fluid and bicarbonate secretion were greatly impaired, whereas faecal chymotrypsin remained unchanged. LPS stimulation of splenocytes from CFTRtm1HGU resulted in increased INF‐γ and IL‐6, but decreased IL‐10 secretion. CFTR mutations that preserve residual pancreatic function significantly increase the severity of experimental pancreatitis—mostly via impairing duct cell function and a shift towards a pro‐inflammatory phenotype, not by rendering acinar cells more susceptible to pathological stimuli.