bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Centrifugal-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Propensity Score–Matched Analysis From the Intermacs Registry
Authors: Cho Sung-Min , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Meyers Susan L. , Cantor Ryan S. , Starling Randall C. , Kirklin James K. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Kern John , Uchino Ken , Yarboro Leora T. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents remain common among patients with centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist devices, despite improvements in survival and device longevity. We compared the incidence of neurologic adverse events (NAEs) associated with 2 contemporary centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist devices: the Abbott HeartMate3 (HM3) and the Medtronic HeartWare HVAD (HVAD).

Methods:
Using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (Intermacs), we collected data on adult patients who received a centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device as a primary isolated implant between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2019. Major NAEs were defined as transient ischemic attack, ischemic cerebrovascular accident, or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident. The association of HVAD with risk of NAE in the first year after implant was evaluated using propensity score matching to balance for preimplant risk factors. After matching, freedom from first major NAE in the HM3 and HVAD cohorts was compared with Kaplan-Meier curves. A secondary analysis using multivariable multiphase hazard models was used to identify predictors of NAE, which uses a data-driven parametric fit of the early declining and constant phase hazards and the associations of risk factor with either phase.

Results:

Of 6205 included patients, 3129 (50.4%) received the HM3 and 3076 (49.6%) received the HVAD. Median follow-up was 9 and 12 months (HM3 and HVAD, respectively). Patients receiving HVAD had more major NAEs (16.4% versus 6.4%,
P
<0.001) as well as each subtype (transient ischemic attack: 3.3% versus 1.0%,
P
<0.001; ischemic cerebrovascular accident: 7.7% versus 3.4%,
P
<0.001; hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident: 7.2% versus 2.0%,
P
<0.001) than did patients receiving HM3. A propensity-matched cohort balanced for preimplant risk factors showed that HVAD was associated with higher probabilities of major NAEs (% freedom from NAE 82% versus 92%,
P
<0.001). Device type was not significantly associated with NAEs in the early hazard phase, but HVAD was associated with higher incidence of major NAEs during the constant hazard phase (hazard ratio, 5.71 [CI, 3.90–8.36]).

Conclusions:
HM3 is associated with lower hazard of major NAEs than is HVAD beyond the early postimplantation period and during the constant hazard phase. Defining the explanation for this observation will inform device selection for individual patients.
Fishing for Genes: How the Largest Gene Family in the Mammalian Genome was Found (and Why Idiosyncrasy in Exploration Matters)
Authors: Barwich Ann-Sophie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 1991, Linda Buck and Richard Axel identified the multigene family expressing odor receptors. Their discovery transformed research on olfaction overnight, and Buck and Axel were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Behind this success lies another, less visible study about the methodological ingenuity of Buck. This hidden tale holds the key to answering a fundamental question in discovery analysis: What makes specific discovery tools fit their tasks? Why do some strategies turn out to be more fruitful than others? The fit of a method with an experimental system often establishes the success of a discovery. However, the underlying reasoning of discovery is hard to codify. These difficulties point toward an element of discovery analysis routinely sidelined as a mere biographical element in the philosophical analysis of science: the individual discoverer’s role. I argue that the individual researcher is not a replaceable epistemic element in discovery analysis. This article draws on contemporary oral history, including interviews with Buck and other actors key to developments in late 1980s olfaction.
Biological Control Variously Materialized: Modeling, Experimentation and Exploration in Multiple Media
Authors: Knuuttila Tarja , Loettgers Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper examines two parallel discussions of scientific modeling which have invoked experimentation in addressing the role of models in scientific inquiry. One side discusses the experimental character of models, whereas the other focuses on their exploratory uses. Although both relate modeling to experimentation, they do so differently. The former has considered the similarities and differences between models and experiments, addressing, in particular, the epistemic value of materiality. By contrast, the focus on exploratory modeling has highlighted the various kinds of exploratory functions of models in the early stages of inquiry. These two perspectives on modeling are discussed through a case study in the field of synthetic biology. The research practice in question explores biological control by making use of an ensemble of different epistemic means: mathematical models and simulations, synthetic genetic circuits and intracellular measuring devices, and finally electronic circuits. We argue that the study of exploratory modeling should trace the ways different epistemic means, in different materialities, are being combined over time. Finally, the epistemic status of such novel investigative objects as synthetic genetic circuits is evaluated, with the conclusion that they can function as both experiments and models.
The effects of habituation on boldness of urban and rural song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)
Authors: Fossett Taylor Elaine , Hyman Jeremy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As urbanization increases globally, wildlife species are changing their behaviour in many ways. Urban animals are often bolder, or less fearful of new stimuli, than rural animals. While adaptation can drive behavioural changes in urban animals, other factors, such as learning or habituation, can also lead to behavioural modifications. To determine how repeated exposure to a non-threatening human affects song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) behaviour in urban and rural habitat, we measured boldness as flight initiation distance (FID), for 5 consecutive days. We found that urban birds had consistently lower FID’s than their rural counterparts from days 1–4, yet there was no difference in rural and urban FID by trial 5. FID decreased over 5 days of repeated trials in the rural populations, but not the urban. These results suggest that habituation can occur quickly in rural birds and may account for the greater boldness we typically see in urban populations.
Objective Improvement After Frenotomy for Posterior Tongue‐Tie: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Ghaheri Bobak A. , Lincoln Douglas , Mai Tuyet Nhi T. , Mace Jess C. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveInfants with posterior tongue‐tie (PTT) can have substantial difficulty with breastfeeding and bottle‐feeding. This study aimed to address the dearth in investigational objective data surrounding PTT release to better quantify the postoperative impacts of frenotomy for ankyloglossia.Study DesignProspective randomized, controlled trial.SettingPrivate practice clinic.MethodsIn a prospective, randomized controlled trial, infants 3 to 16 weeks of age with PTT undergoing frenotomy were examined using a bottle‐feeding system capable of objectively measuring tongue function. Validated patient‐reported outcome measures were also obtained simultaneously.ResultsForty‐seven infants with PTT were enrolled into an observational/control arm (n = 23) or interventional/surgical treatment arm (n = 24). The total cohort consisted of 29 (61.7%) male infants with a median age of 39 days. At the day 10 time point, the interventional arm demonstrated statistically significant improvement in 11 objectively obtained feeding metrics, indicating faster tongue speed, more rhythmic and coordinated sucking motions, and a tongue more capable of adapting to varying feeding demands. Significant improvement in breastfeeding self‐efficacy was reported in the interventional group while poor self‐confidence persisted in the observational group. Infant reflux symptoms improved in the interventional group while not in the control group. Nipple pain also persisted in the control group but improved in the surgical cohort.ConclusionsWhen measured 10 days after frenotomy for PTT, infants improve feeding parameters using an objective bottle‐feeding system. Similar improvements are seen with patient‐reported outcomes when PTT is released. Posterior tongue‐tie is a valid clinical concern, and surgical release can improve infant and maternal symptoms.
Telemedicine in Otolaryngology During COVID‐19: Patient and Physician Satisfaction
Authors: Choi Janet S. , Kim James H. , Park Soyun , Lin Matthew , Abdur‐Rahman Faiz , Mack Wendy J. , Volker Courtney C.J. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo examine patient and physician satisfaction with telemedicine in otolaryngology during COVID‐19 and identify associated factors.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsPatient satisfaction was rated by patients (age ≥18 years) who had encounters from May to July 2020 (n = 407). Physician satisfaction was rated by 15 otolaryngologists for specific encounters delivered from May to June 2020 (n = 1011). Patient satisfaction was measured with a Press Ganey questionnaire and a Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire. Mean Press Ganey satisfaction scores of telemedicine encounters during COVID‐19 were compared with the pre−COVID‐19 Press Ganey scores from in‐person encounters (n = 3059) to test a noninferiority hypothesis. Physician satisfaction was measured with a Provider Satisfaction Questionnaire.ResultsThe mean Press Ganey patient satisfaction score for telemedicine encounters was 94.5 (SD, 8.8), no worse than that for in‐person encounters prior to COVID‐19 at 93.7 (SD, 15.5; Δ = 0.8 [95% CI, −0.5 to 2.1, excluding the noninferiority margin of −1]). Encounters with videoconference (vs telephone) and patients reporting higher income were associated with higher Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire scores. Physician satisfaction scores during COVID‐19 with telemedicine encounters were overall high at 83.3 (95% CI, 77.5‐89.1), slightly lower when compared with the scores with in‐person encounters at 88.4 (95% CI, 82.5‐94.3; Δ = −5.2 [95% CI, −6.6 to −3.8]). Encounters with videoconference (vs telephone) and patients with English as a preferred language and follow‐up visits were associated with higher Provider Satisfaction Questionnaire scores.ConclusionsTelemedicine is a feasible alternative format in otolaryngology during COVID‐19 with overall high patient and physician satisfaction. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine encounters during COVID‐19 was no worse than in‐person encounters prior to the pandemic. Physician satisfaction with telemedicine was relatively lower in comparison with in‐person encounters.
Automated Registration‐Based Temporal Bone Computed Tomography Segmentation for Applications in Neurotologic Surgery
Authors: Ding Andy S. , Lu Alexander , Li Zhaoshuo , Galaiya Deepa , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. , Taylor Russell H. , Creighton Francis X. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis study investigates the accuracy of an automated method to rapidly segment relevant temporal bone anatomy from cone beam computed tomography (CT) images. Implementation of this segmentation pipeline has potential to improve surgical safety and decrease operative time by augmenting preoperative planning and interfacing with image‐guided robotic surgical systems.Study DesignDescriptive study of predicted segmentations.SettingAcademic institution.MethodsWe have developed a computational pipeline based on the symmetric normalization registration method that predicts segmentations of anatomic structures in temporal bone CT scans using a labeled atlas. To evaluate accuracy, we created a data set by manually labeling relevant anatomic structures (eg, ossicles, labyrinth, facial nerve, external auditory canal, dura) for 16 deidentified high‐resolution cone beam temporal bone CT images. Automated segmentations from this pipeline were compared against ground‐truth manual segmentations by using modified Hausdorff distances and Dice scores. Runtimes were documented to determine the computational requirements of this method.ResultsModified Hausdorff distances and Dice scores between predicted and ground‐truth labels were as follows: malleus (0.100 ± 0.054 mm; Dice, 0.827 ± 0.068), incus (0.100 ± 0.033 mm; Dice, 0.837 ± 0.068), stapes (0.157 ± 0.048 mm; Dice, 0.358 ± 0.100), labyrinth (0.169 ± 0.100 mm; Dice, 0.838 ± 0.060), and facial nerve (0.522 ± 0.278 mm; Dice, 0.567 ± 0.130). A quad‐core 16GB RAM workstation completed this segmentation pipeline in 10 minutes.ConclusionsWe demonstrated submillimeter accuracy for automated segmentation of temporal bone anatomy when compared against hand‐segmented ground truth using our template registration pipeline. This method is not dependent on the training data volume that plagues many complex deep learning models. Favorable runtime and low computational requirements underscore this method’s translational potential.
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish Adult Sensory Processing Scale
Authors: Bahadir Zeynep , Aran Orkun , Şahin Sedef 
Published: September 2021

Introduction Sensory processing is crucial to adaptive behavioural responses in occupational therapy. Nevertheless, information on sensory processing in adults is limited. The Adult Sensory Processing Scale (ASPS) measures behavioural responses indicative of sensory processing in different sensory systems. The study aimed to examine the cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the ASPS-Turkish (ASPS-T). Methods The ASPS-T was administered to 405 individuals, who were aged 18 to 64 (38.5 ± 11.4) years. The cross-cultural adaptation and translation procedures were conducted following Beaton’s guidelines. Internal consistency was examined by Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion-related validity of the ASPS was determined by the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile using Construct validity and was examined by confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS. Results The study included 405 participants (271 female and 134 male). Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation determined 11 factors with 55.15% total variance. In confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), model fit indices showed an acceptable fit. The reliability of the scale was 0.834, and test–retest reliability changed from 0.94 to 0.99, illustrating high internal consistency and excellent reliability of the scale. Conclusions The ASPS-T is reliable and valid for analysing sensory processing patterns of adults in the Turkish population.
Trends in Vitamin B12 Supply and Prevalence of Inadequate Intake in Africa: Regional and Country-Specific Estimates
Authors: Gebremedhin Samson 
Published: September 2021

Background: In Africa, little is known about the epidemiological significance of vitamin B12 deficiency. Objective: To analyze regional and country-specific trends (1990-2017) in vitamin B12 supply in Africa and estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake. Methods: National food balance data compiled by Food and Agriculture Organization for 45 African countries were used. Per capita food supplies for 95 commodities were transformed into B12 contents (µg/capita/day) assuming no fortification and B12 density was determined per 1000 kcal. Estimated Average Requirement cut point method was used for estimating the prevalence of inadequate intake. Results: Over the period, the mean per capita B12 supply in Africa significantly increased by 12.7% from 2.02 to 2.27 µg/capita/day (z = 5.27, P < .001). However, the B12 density remained below the reference goal of 0.8 µg/1000 kcal. In 2017, the B12 supplies (µg/capita/day) in Northern (3.52), Central (3.15), and Southern Africa (2.99) were considerably higher than Western (2.10) and Eastern Africa (1.36) regions. The supply in upper-middle- or high-income countries (3.21) was also substantially higher than low- (1.58) and low-middle-income (2.58) countries. In 2017, the B12 supplies ranged from 5.95 in Mauritius to 0.66 in Ethiopia. Similarly, the nutrient density extended from 1.88 in Gambia to 0.28 in Ethiopia. In Africa, the estimated prevalence of inadequate intake declined from 48.1% in 1990 to 29.9% in 2007 and resurged to 40.6% in 2017. In 2017, the prevalence of inadequate intake was nearly universal (> 90%) in 4 countries and exceeded 50% in 8 more countries. Conclusion: Many African countries have major deficits in vitamin B12 supply.
Current Status of Contrast Enhanced Mammography: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kornecki Anat 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed and updated review of the physics, techniques, indications, limitations, reporting, implementation and management of contrast enhanced mammography. Background: Contrast enhanced mammography (CEM), is an emerging iodine-based modified dual energy mammography technique. In addition to having the same advantages as standard full-field digital mammography (FFDM), CEM provides information regarding tumor enhancement, relying on tumor angiogenesis, similar to dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). This article reviews current literature on CEM and highlights considerations that are critical to the successful use of this modality. Conclusion: Multiple studies point to the advantage of using CEM in the diagnostic setting of breast imaging, which approaches that of DCE-MRI.
Stocktake of Australasian Psychiatry’s training resources
Authors: Weightman Michael , Bui Tuan Anh , Robertson Oliver D’Arcy 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To identify all past publications from Australasian Psychiatry with subject matter particularly relevant for trainees. The results of such a search could then be collated into an easily accessible resource available to trainees and their supervisors. Method: An electronic search of the journal’s back catalogue was conducted. Results: Eighty-seven articles published on subjects particularly relevant for trainees were discovered from within Australasian Psychiatry. In particular, multiple useful resources were identified on the topics of the scholarly project and formulation skills. Conclusions: Australasian Psychiatry has published a wealth of literature that is likely to be of significant benefit for trainees as they work their way through the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists training programme.
Non-Surgical Management of Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Advanced Ovarian Cancer patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Idaikkadar Praveena , Georgiou Athina , Skene Simon , Michael Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

Background: Malignant bowel obstruction is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Many patients aren’t suitable for, or decline, surgical decompression. The outcomes for this frail group of patients are not well characterized. Aim: To evaluate survival outcomes of ovarian cancer patients who undergo non-surgical management of malignant bowel obstruction. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources: Online literature search of Pubmed, Embase and Medline libraries up until December 2020. Searching abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies and contacting experts in the field. Selection Criteria: Studies that investigated non-surgical management of confirmed bowel obstruction in advanced ovarian cancer patients were included. All levels of evidence including RCTs, cohort studies and case-series if they included greater than 5 patients. Data Collection and Analysis: The studies were independently chosen by two reviewers who extracted and analyzed the data separately through OpenMeta Analyst software. Study quality was assessed using the JADAD score and the Newcastle Ottawa Score. Results: 24 studies met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review and 9 for the meta-analysis. Median survival of patients managed non-surgically for bowel obstruction was 44 days (95% CI 38-49 days, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.128). Conclusion: The quality of studies was relatively low, however the evidence shows that non-surgical management of bowel obstruction results in a short life expectancy but with controlled symptoms. Where quality of life is the main concern, this may be a feasible and effective strategy.
A Quantitative Assessment of Mucosal Eosinophils in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Children Without Detectable Organic Disease
Authors: Hoofien Assaf , Oliva Salvatore , Karl-Heinz Auth Marcus , Brook Elena , Giordano Carla , Zouzo Vaia , Simmons William , Rossetti Danilo , Shukla Rajeev , Marderfeld Luba , Zevit Noam 
Published: September 2021

Background Accurate measurements of mucosal eosinophil concentrations in gastrointestinal tracts of healthy children are necessary to differentiate health and disease states in general, and better define eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases. Study We retrospectively reviewed gastrointestinal biopsies from children with macroscopically normal endoscopies, who, after a minimal follow-up of one year, were not diagnosed with any organic disease. Peak eosinophil concentrations and distributions were assessed from each segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Results Three centers (Italy, United Kingdom, and Israel) contributed 202 patients (median age 13 years IQR 9.5–15.5, range 1–18 years). Median (IQR, range) eosinophil concentrations (eos/mm2) were: esophagus 0 (0–0, 0–84), stomach 0 (0–4, 0–84), duodenal bulb 20 (13–30, 7–67), second part of duodenum 20 (13–29, 0–105), terminal ileum 29 (14–51, 0–247), cecum 53 (37–89, 10–232), ascending colon 55 (25–84, 0–236), transverse colon 38 (21–67, 4–181), descending colon 29 (17–59, 0–114), sigmoid colon 25 (13–40, 0–215) and rectum 13 (4–28, 0–152). Significant geographical variance was present, however, no differences in eosinophil concentrations were identified between children with resolving symptoms vs. those with functional diagnoses, nor across age groups. Conclusions Standardized eosinophil concentrations from the gastrointestinal tracts of children without organic disease will serve to better define both health and disease states. No differences were found between resolved symptoms vs. functional diagnoses nor between age groups in this pediatric cohort.