bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear fitting of multi-compartmental data using Hooke and Jeeves direct search method
Authors: Beni Mehrdad Shahmohammadi , Yu Kwan Ngok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Compartmental modelling refers to modelling the transport of substances in a system consisting of multiple compartments, which is characterized by the transfer rates among the relevant compartments. In a generalized compartmental system, recycling of substances among the compartments is allowed. Compartmental modelling is a generic technique which is needed in many branches of applied physics. The most challenging task is to determine the transfer rates. The present work described the use of the Hooke and Jeeves (HJ) derivative free direct search method in determining the transfer rates to construct a multi-compartmental model with recycling among the compartments. The use of a direct search method ensures the applicability of the model to functions which are not continuous or differentiable. The present model was successfully validated using previously reported experimental data for distribution of trace elements in four compartments in an animal.
Ultrafast dephasing in hydrogen-bonded pyridine–water mixtures
Authors: Ariunbold Gombojav O. , Semon Bryan , Nagpal Supriya , Rostovtsev Yuri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded mixtures with varying concentration are a complicated networked system that demands a detection technique with both time and frequency resolutions. Hydrogen-bonded pyridine–water mixtures are studied by a time-frequency resolved coherent Raman spectroscopic technique. Femtosecond broadband dual-pulse excitation and delayed picosecond probing provide sub-picosecond time resolution in the mixtures temporal evolution. For different pyridine concentrations in water, asymmetric blue versus red shifts (relative to pure pyridine spectral peaks) were observed by simultaneously recording both the coherent anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman spectra. Macroscopic coherence dephasing times for the perturbed pyridine ring modes were observed in ranges of 0.9–2.6 ps for both 18 and

10

cm

−
1

10\hspace{0.33em}{{\rm{cm}}}^{-1}

broad probe pulses. For high pyridine concentrations in water, an additional spectral broadening (or escalated dephasing) for a triangular ring vibrational mode was observed. This can be understood as a result of ultrafast collective emissions from coherently excited ensemble of pairs of pyridine molecules bound to water molecules.
Closed-form solutions for the Schrödinger wave equation with non-solvable potentials: A perturbation approach
Authors: Alrebdi Haifa Ibrahim , Barakat Thabit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To obtain closed-form solutions for the radial Schrödinger wave equation with non-solvable potential models, we use a simple, easy, and fast perturbation technique within the framework of the asymptotic iteration method (PAIM). We will show how the PAIM can be applied directly to find the analytical coefficients in the perturbation series, without using the base eigenfunctions of the unperturbed problem. As an example, the vector Coulomb

(

∼
1

/

r

)

\left( \sim 1\hspace{0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{0.1em}r)

and the harmonic oscillator

(

∼

r

2

)

\left( \sim {r}^{2})

plus linear

(

∼
r

)

\left( \sim r)

scalar potential parts implemented with their counterpart spin-dependent terms are chosen to investigate the meson sectors including charm and beauty quarks. This approach is applicable in the same form to both the ground state and the excited bound states and can be easily applied to other strongly non-solvable potential problems. The procedure of this method and its results will provide a valuable hint for investigating tetraquark configuration.
Effect of buried depth on thermal performance of a vertical U-tube underground heat exchanger
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Bo , Klemeš Jiří Jaromír , Liu Jie , Song Meiyu , Wang Jin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many researchers numerically investigated U-tube underground heat exchanger using a two-dimensional simplified pipe. However, a simplified model results in large errors compared to the data from construction sites. This research is carried out using a three-dimensional full-size model. A model validation is conducted by comparing with experimental data in summer. This article investigates the effects of fluid velocity and buried depth on the heat exchange rate in a vertical U-tube underground heat exchanger based on fluid–structure coupled simulations. Compared with the results at a flow rate of 0.4 m/s, the results of this research show that the heat transfer per buried depth at 1.0 m/s increases by 123.34%. With the increase of the buried depth from 80 to 140 m, the heat transfer per unit depth decreases by 9.72%.
An analytical investigation of the mixed convective Casson fluid flow past a yawed cylinder with heat transfer analysis
Authors: Khan Shahid , Selim Mahmoud M. , Gepreel Khaled A. , Ullah Asad , Ikramullah  , Ayaz Muhammad , Mashwani Wali Khan , Khan Emel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The hydrodynamic flow of an incompressible and isotropic Casson fluid through a yawed cylinder is investigated by employing continuity, momentum, and energy equations satisfying suitable boundary conditions. The density variation is governed by Boussinesq approximation. The model equations consisting of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed by applying non-similar transformation relations. The set of transformed PDEs is solved using the analytical technique of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The impacts of varying yaw angle, and mixed convection and Casson parameters over fluid velocity (chordwise and spanwise components), its temperature, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficients are investigated and explained through various graphs. It is found that the enhancing yaw angle, Casson parameter, and convection parameter augment the fluid velocity, heat transfer rate, and skin friction and reduce the fluid temperature. The agreement of present and published results justifies the application of HAM in modeling the mixed convective Casson fluid flow past a yawed cylinder.
Fractal calculation method of friction parameters: Surface morphology and load of galvanized sheet
Authors: Yang Xiaoyong , Jin Tan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the forming process of galvanized sheet, the friction between the die and the blank often causes the zinc coating of galvanized sheet to peel off, scratch, and crack. The aim of this study is to evaluate and calculate the fractal characteristics of the surface morphology of galvanized sheet and the effect of pressure on the interfacial friction behavior. Two steel plates, GA and GI, produced by Shanghai Baosteel Company, were used as materials to conduct tribological experiments, measure the surface profile and three-dimensional shape of the galvanized sheet, and calculate the fractal dimension and fractal roughness parameters. According to the analysis results of friction surface damage of galvanized sheet, the damage failure parameters of galvanized sheet are calculated. On this basis, according to the adhesive friction theory, the total surface friction value of galvanized sheet is obtained, and the fractal calculation model of galvanized sheet friction is established. The simulation results show that the galvanized sheet has fractal characteristics. The average values of fractal dimension and scale factor of SP781BQ alloy hot-dip galvanized sheet are 1.52 and 0.23 µm, respectively. The average fractal dimension and scale coefficient of HC420/780DPD + Z hot-dip galvanized sheet are 1.60 and 0.11 µm, respectively. The friction coefficient calculated by the proposed method is consistent with the theoretical value, and the error is less than 10%, which proves the accuracy and feasibility of the friction fractal calculation method.
Series solution to fractional contact problem using Caputo’s derivative
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Noor Muhammad Aslam , Farwa Shabieh , Kamran Muhammad , Saeed Faisal , Gepreel Khaled A. , Yao Shao-Wen , Ahmad Hijaz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this article, contact problem with fractional derivatives is studied. We use fractional derivative in the sense of Caputo. We deploy penalty function method to degenerate the obstacle problem into a system of fractional boundary value problems (FBVPs). The series solution of this system of FBVPs is acquired by using the variational iteration method (VIM). The performance as well as precision of the applied method is gauged by means of significant numerical tests. We further study the convergence and residual errors of the solutions by giving variation to the fractional parameter, and graphically present the solutions and residual errors accordingly. The outcomes thus obtained witness the high effectiveness of VIM for solving FBVPs.
Investigation on subcooled flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in ICE-like conditions
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Wang Yi , Li Siyuan , Sun Qiang , Li Guoxiang , Bai Shuzhan , Sun Ke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe increasing demand of cooling in internal combustion engine (ICE) may require the shift of heat removal method from traditional single phase liquid convection to subcooled flow boiling in order to fulfill the desired functional temperature. Thus, the characteristics of subcooled flow boiling heat transfer should be studied exclusively considering the practical conditions in ICEs. Accordingly, in this article, subcooled flow boiling experiments were conducted in a rectangular channel using 50/50 volume mixture of ethylene glycol and water coolant (EG/W) as working fluid. Aluminum and cast iron surfaces were selected as the heated surfaces to simulate the material of cylinder head in gasoline and diesel engines, respectively. Experimental results showed a trend that the aluminum surface had a better performance than the cast iron surface in terms of heat transfer coefficient in the boiling region. The difference between these two surfaces was concluded as results of different surface thermophysical properties. A modified wall heat flux model was proposed based on the power-type addition method. The proposed model modified the nucleation boiling contribution by introducing a new parameter which accounts for the influence of thermophysical properties of heated surface on the boiling process. Thus, one such modified model could be useful for practical engine cooling applications.
Immunohistochemical expression of MGMT in gliomas and its role in ascertaining patient survival
Authors: Butta Shristi , Gupta Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Introduction. MGMT (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase) is a DNA repair enzyme with implications on chemoresistance and subsequent patient prognosis. This study investigated the association of MGMT with the various grades and subtypes of gliomas and evaluated the associated clinical outcome of these patients.
Methods. This observational longitudinal follow up study spun over a period of 36 months and included 33 patients with primary glioma who underwent surgical interventions and chemoradiotherapy at a tertiary care center in Kolkata. The surgical samples were processed and histopathologically typed. Immunohistochemical analysis was done using anti- MGMT antibody and MGMT status was determined. Patients were followed up for 3 years.
Results. Males were 1.3 times more commonly affected by gliomas. Mean age was 42.9 years for females and 47.2 years for males. Frontal lobe was the most commonly involved site whereas focal neurological deficit was the most common symptom. Karnofsky performance score was higher for low grade gliomas and lower for high grade gliomas (p=0.04). Significant association was found between histopathological grade and MGMT immunoexpression (p=0.0001) as well as histopathological subtype and MGMT status (p=0.0036). On follow up, mean survival of the patients was 25.4 months. Significant association was found between MGMT status and survival of the patients (p=0.0437).
Conclusion. MGMT immunoexpression is significantly associated with different grades and subtypes of gliomas. In addition, MGMT has significant implications on chemoresistance and patient survival. Hence, MGMT expression should be mandatorily checked before starting the chemotherapy.
Complete gonadal dysgenesis analysis in the population of Latvia: malignant outcomes and a review of literature
Authors: Jakovleva Alise , Kovalova Zanna 
Published: August 2021

Background and aim. Complete gonadal dysgenesis or Swyer syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by 46,XY karyotype and female phenotype with undeveloped streak gonads and high malignancy risk. The condition usually manifests in teenage and young adults with delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and potential malignant outcomes of complete gonadal dysgenesis in Latvia.
Methods. 37 patients were included in a retrospective study from 1996 to 2016. In fifteen cases, additional patient information was available. Information from medical records was collected on age at the time of diagnosis: anamnesis data, laboratory results, histology of gonads, and treatment.
Results. Complete gonadal dysgenesis with karyotype 46,XY was proven in 36 (97.3%) cases and one (2.7%) case with karyotype 47,XY,+21. The average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 15.4 ± 8.0 years. The study included 15 cases: eight patients (53.3%) were investigated for primary amenorrhea, and incomplete development of secondary sexual characteristics, 5 patients (33.3%) with abdominal pain and lower abdominal mass, 2 patients (13.3%) were diagnosed at birth. Gonadectomy was performed in 12 cases (80%). The median time between diagnosis and gonadectomy was 0.4 ± 4.3 years. The histopathology results from the gonadal biopsy showed malignancy in 7 cases (58.3%). The most commonly diagnosed tumors were dysgerminoma and gonadoblastoma.
Conclusion. Early diagnosis of Swyer syndrome is necessary in view of the risk of malignancy that can develop at a young age. In several cases, the diagnosis of the syndrome was made only after the malignant process development. The study showed the median time between diagnosis and gonadectomy was suboptimal. Therefore, women with amenorrhea and lack of secondary sexual characteristics require careful investigation.
Influence of Blood Pressure Percentile Reporting on the Recognition of Elevated Blood Pressures
Authors: Pollack Ari H. , Hanevold Coral , Onchiri Frankline , Flynn Joseph T. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES
To explore the impact of displaying blood pressure (BP) percentiles with BP readings in the electronic health record (EHR) on the recognition of children with elevated blood pressures (EBPs).

METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of children (ages 1–17), including inpatients and outpatients, with at least 1 EHR noninvasive BP recording. In phase 1, BP percentiles were calculated, stored, and not displayed to clinicians. In phase 2, percentiles were displayed adjacent to the EHR BP. Encounters with 1 BP ≥95th percentile were classified as elevated. EBP recognition required the presence of at least 1 EBP-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code. We compared recognition frequencies across phases with logistic regression.

RESULTS
In total, 45 504 patients in 115 060 encounters were included. Inpatient recognition was 4.1% (238 of 5572) in phase 1 and 5.5% (338 of 5839) in phase 2. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) associated with the intervention was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–1.66). Outpatient recognition rates were 8.0% (1096 of 13 725 EBP encounters) in phase 1 and 9.7% (1442 of 14 811 encounters) in phase 2. The adjusted OR was 1.296 (95% CI: 0.999–1.681). Overall, recognition rates were higher in boys (outpatient OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.15–1.98) and older children (outpatient/inpatient OR: 1.08/1.08; 95% CI: 1.05–1.11/1.05–1.11) and lower for those on a surgical service (outpatient/inpatient: OR: 0.41/0.38; 95% CI: 0.30–0.58/0.27–0.52).

CONCLUSIONS
Addition of BP percentiles to the EHR did not significantly change EBP recognition as measured by the addition of an EBP diagnosis code. Girls, younger children, and patients followed on a surgical service were less likely to have their EBP recognized by providers.
Differential Impact of Home Nurse Contact After Discharge by Financial Strain, Primary Care Access, and Medical Complexity
Authors: Auger Katherine A. , Sucharew Heidi J. , Simmons Jeffrey M. , Shah Samir S. , Kahn Robert S. , Beck Andrew F. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
The Hospital to Home Outcomes (H2O) trials examined the effectiveness of postdischarge nurse support on reuse after pediatric discharge. Unexpectedly, children randomly assigned to a nurse visit had higher rates of reuse than those in the control group. Participants in randomized control trials are heterogeneous. Thus, it is possible that the effect of the intervention differed across subgroups (ie, heterogeneity of treatment effect [HTE]). We sought to determine if different subgroups responded differently to the interventions.

METHODS
The H2O trial is a randomized controlled trial comparing standard hospital discharge processes with a nurse home visit within 96 hours of discharge. The second trial, H2O II, was similar, except the tested intervention was a postdischarge nurse phone call. For the purposes of the HTE analyses, we examined our primary trial outcome measure: a composite of unplanned 30-day acute health care reuse (unplanned readmission or emergency department or urgent care visit). We identified subgroups of interest before the trials related to (1) financial strain, (2) primary care access, (3) insurance, and (4) medical complexity. We used logistic regression modeling with an interaction term between subgroup and treatment group (intervention or control).

RESULTS
For the phone call trial (H2O II), financial strain significantly modified the effect of the intervention such that the subgroup of children with high financial strain who received the intervention experienced more reuse than their control counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS
In HTE analyses of 2 randomized controlled trials, only financial strain significantly modified the nurse phone call. A family’s financial resources may affect the utility of postdischarge support.
Varicella Admissions in Children and Adolescents in Portugal: 2000–2015
Authors: Fontoura-Matias José , Moreira Raquel Sofia , Reis-Melo Ana , Freitas Alberto , Azevedo Inês 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVESVaricella is a common, usually benign, and autolimited disease in children but can lead to severe complications and hospitalization. With this study, we aim to analyze all varicella hospitalizations to provide epidemiological information to help outline preventive policies.METHODSWe assessed all varicella hospitalizations in children aged 0 to 17 years, from 2000 to 2015, in mainland, public Portuguese hospitals using a Portuguese administrative database. Seasonality, geographic distribution, severity, complications, risk factors, use of diagnostic and treatment procedures and hospitalization costs were analyzed.RESULTSA total of 5120 hospitalizations were registered, with an annual rate of 17.3 hospitalizations per 100 000 inhabitants. A higher number of hospitalizations occurred during the summer period and in Southern regions. The median length of stay was of 4 days (interquartile range: 3.0–7.0). We found a high rate of severe complications, mostly dermatologic (19.6%), neurologic (6.0%), and respiratory (5.1%). Of the total number of patients, 0.8% were immunocompromised and 0.1% were pregnant. Total direct hospitalization costs during the 16-year period were estimated to be 7 110 719€ (8 603 970 USD), with a mean annual cost of 444 419.92€ (537 748.10 USD).CONCULSIONSThis is the first national study in which useful epidemiological data to evaluate the burden and impact of varicella in Portugal is provided.
Intravenous Magnesium and Hospital Outcomes in Children Hospitalized With Asthma
Authors: Antoon James W. , Hall Matt , Mittal Vineeta , Parikh Kavita , Morse Rustin B. , Teufel Ronald J. , Hogan Alexander H. , Shah Samir S. , Kenyon Chén C. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Use of intravenous magnesium (IVMg) for childhood asthma exacerbations has increased significantly in the last decade. Emergency department administration of IVMg has been shown to reduce asthma hospitalization, yet most children receiving IVMg in the emergency department are subsequently hospitalized. Our objective with the study was to examine hospital outcomes of children given IVMg for asthma exacerbations.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Pediatric Health Information System. We used propensity score matching to compare children who received IVMg on the first day of hospitalization with those who did not. Primary outcomes were initiation and duration of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilation (MV) initiation, duration of MV, length of stay, and subsequent tertiary medication use. Primary analysis was restricted to children admitted to nonintensive care inpatient units.

RESULTS
Overall, 91 309 hospitalizations met inclusion criteria. IVMg was administered in 25 882 (28.4%) children. After propensity score matching, IVMg was not significantly associated with lower initiation (adjusted odds ratio 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-1.05) or shorter duration of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (rate ratio 0.94; 95% CI 0.87–1.02). Similarly, no significant associations were seen for MV initiation, MV duration, or length of stay. IVMg was associated with lower subsequent tertiary medication use (adjusted odds ratio 0.66; 95% CI 0.60–0.72). However, the association was lost when ipratropium was removed from the tertiary medication definition.

CONCLUSIONS
IVMg administration was not significantly associated with improved hospital outcomes. Further study is needed to inform the optimal indications and timing of magnesium use during hospitalization.
Prácticas de alta tensión para fines didácticos en ingeniería
Authors: Román Campos Francisco 
Published: August 2021

Se condensan en este artículo algunas ideas acerca de las posibles prácticas de alta tensión que pueden ser implementadas en la carrera de Ingeniería Eléctrica, con el fin de dar cumplimiento a sus objetivos instruccionales. Se presentan doce prácticas docentes que pueden ir implementándose poco a poco, de acuerdo a los desarrollos que semestre a semestre se logren en este campo. Se incluye para cada práctica docente el objetivo general, el montaje básico y los circuitos de medida y algunos comentarios acerca de las partes que pueden ser construidas localmente. La inspiración fundamental de este trabajo es la certeza de que la construcción y dotación de casi la totalidad de los dispositivos puede hacerse con ayuda de las empresas locales de electricidad, los fabricantes de equipo y los profesores con estudiantes, mediante la dirección de proyectos de grado. Las ideas expresadas en este artículo son fruto de las experiencias adquiridas en los laboratorios de alta tensión de las universidades Nacional de Bogotá y Fridericiana de Karlsruhe, dentro de los programas del Grupo de Investigación en alta tensión —GIAT— de la Universidad Nacional.