bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based brain age prediction in normal aging and dementia
Authors: Lee Jeyeon , Burkett Brian , Min Hoon-Ki , Senjem Matthew , Lundt Emily , Botha Hugo , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Barnard Leland , Gunter Jeffrey , Schwarz Christopher , Kantarci Kejal , Knopman David , Boeve Bradley , Lowe Val , Petersen Ronald , Jack Clifford , Jones David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Normal brain aging is accompanied by patterns of functional and structural change. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a representative neurodegenerative disease, has been linked to accelerated brain aging at respective age ranges. Here, we developed a deep learning-based brain age prediction model using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and structural MRI and tested how the brain age gap relates to degenerative cognitive syndromes including mild cognitive impairment, AD, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy body dementia. Occlusion analysis, performed to facilitate interpretation of the model, revealed that the model learns an age- and modality-specific pattern of brain aging. The elevated brain age gap in dementia cohorts was highly correlated with the cognitive impairment and AD biomarker. However, regions generating brain age gaps were different for each diagnosis group of which the AD continuum showed similar patterns to normal aging in the CU.
Robust Deep Kernel-Based Fuzzy Clustering With Spatial Information for Image Segmentation
Authors: Lei Lujia , Wu Chengmao , Tian Xiaoping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Clustering algorithms with deep neural network have attracted wide attention of scholars. A deep fuzzy K-means clustering algorithm model with adaptive loss function and entropy regularization (DFKM) is proposed by combining automatic encoder and clustering algorithm. Although it introduces adaptive loss function and entropy regularization to improve the robustness of the model, its segmentation effect is not ideal for high noise; At the same time, its model does not use a convolutional auto-encoder, which is not suitable for high-dimensional images.Therefore, on the basis of DFKM, this paper focus on image segmentation, combine neighborhood median and mean information of current pixel, introduce neighborhood information of membership degree, and extend Euclidean distance to kernel space by using kernel function, propose a dual-neighborhood information constrained deep fuzzy clustering based on kernel function (KDFKMS). A large number of experimental results show that compared with DFKM and classical image segmentation algorithms, this algorithm has stronger anti-noise robustness.
Body Mass Index and Blood Lipids Underpin The Correlation Between The Age At Menarche and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yang Dongjian , Yang Ya , Shi Jingjin , Cheng Xiaoyue , Chen Lei , Ji Xinhua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The age of menarche affects the metabolic activities in pregnant women. However, data on the factors that define the association between age at menarche and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains scant.
Methods

Logistic regression models coupled with restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the effect of menarche on GDM. We stratified the participants by age at pregnancy, fetal gender, and parity. We interrogated the role of BMI before pregnancy, BMI gain during pregnancy, and blood lipids in early pregnancy in mediating GDM.
Results

With menarche age ≤ 12 years as the control, women with menarche ages of 13, 14, and ≥ 15 years had 0.91 (95%CI, 0.85 to 0.97), 0.87 (95%CI, 0.81 to 0.93), and 0.85 (95%CI, 0.79 to 0.91) odds ratio for GDM. There were similar and pronounced effects in advanced-age pregnancy, with male fetuses and primiparous women. We showed that pre-pregnancy BMI and blood lipids such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein in early pregnancy mediate the association between age at menarche and GDM.
Conclusion

Taken together, our data demonstrated that menarche at early ages fuels the development of GDM. For pregnant women with early menarche should reduce BMI and blood lipid levels before pregnancy.
Effects of Long-acting Muscarinic Antagonists on Promoting Ciliary Function in Airway Epithelium
Authors: Katsumata Mineo , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Kamiya Yosuke , Tanaka Yuko , Kamiya Chiaki , Inoue Yusuke , Hozumi Hironao , Karayama Masato , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Maekawa Masato , Setou Mitsutoshi , Watanabe Hiroshi , Ikegami Koji , Suda Takafumi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMucociliary clearance (MCC) is an essential defense mechanism in airway epithelia for removing pathogens from the respiratory tract. Impaired ciliary functions and MCC have been demonstrated in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are a major class of inhaled bronchodilators, which are used for treating asthma and COPD; however, the effects of LAMAs on ciliary function remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the effects of LAMAs on airway ciliary functions.MethodsWild-type BALB/c mice were treated with daily intranasal administrations of glycopyrronium for 7 days, and tracheal samples were collected. Cilia-driven flow and ciliary activity, including ciliary beat frequency (CBF), ciliary beating amplitude, effective stroke velocity, recovery stroke velocity and the ratio of effective stroke velocity to recovery stroke velocity, were analyzed by imaging techniques. Using in vitro murine models, tracheal tissues were transiently cultured in media with/without LAMAs, glycopyrronium or tiotropium, for 60 min. Cilia-driven flow and ciliary activity were then analyzed. Well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were treated with glycopyrronium, tiotropium, or vehicle for 60 min, and CBF was evaluated. Several mechanistic analyses were performed.ResultsIntranasal glycopyrronium administration for 7 days significantly increased cilia-driven flow and ciliary activity in murine airway epithelium. In the murine tracheal organ culture models, treatment with glycopyrronium or tiotropium for 60 min significantly increased cilia-driven flow and ciliary activity in airway epithelium. Further, we confirmed that 60-min treatment with glycopyrronium or tiotropium directly increased CBF in well-differentiated NHBE cells. In the mechanistic analyses, neither treatment with glycopyrronium nor tiotropium affected intracellular calcium ion concentrations in well-differentiated NHBE cells. Glycopyrronium did not increase protein kinase A activity in well-differentiated NHBE cells. Moreover, glycopyrronium had no effect on extracellular adenosine triphosphate concentration.ConclusionsLAMAs exert a direct effect on airway epithelium to enhance ciliary function, which may improve impaired MCC in asthma and COPD. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of LAMAs on the promotion of airway ciliary function.
Antibiotic “Timeout” on Electronic Prescribing - Impact of Antibiotic Hardstop on Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiatives
Authors: Galimam Semun , Panozzo Brydon , Muir Kieran , Chavada Ruchir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major public health threat and the exploration of interventions which may reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use are of particular interest. An Antibiotic Timeout (ATO) was included within the electronic medicine (eMeds) system introduced to the Central Coast Local Health District (CCLHD) in 2018. The function allows prescribers to set a predetermined time at which antibiotic orders would cease. By default, the function set prescribed length to 5 days with a view to encourage prescribers to review existing antimicrobial orders and reduce inappropriate use.Methods: Records of adult inpatients prescribed broad spectrum antimicrobials with a registered indication of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) or an infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (IECOPD) between the 1st of March 2017 and 31st May 2017 for the pre eMeds cohort and 1st March 2019 and 31st May 2019 for the post eMeds cohort were randomly selected from our local health network’s Guidance MS® system. Baseline demographics, antimicrobial prescribing records and documented adverse events related to the antibiotic timeout function were collated/analysed. The days of therapy (DOT) and length of therapy (LOT) for each encounter were calculated manually and results analysed using a two-tailed t-test or Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Of patients eligible to have the ATO function activated during their admission, 34% (n=34) had the function deployed at least once. Following the introduction of eMeds mean DOT for the pooled indications cohort was reduced by 3.02 days (CI 95% 0.41 – 5.63, p<0.05) and mean LOT by 1.97 days (CI 95% 0.39 – 3.55, p<0.05). The timeout function resulted in 2 cases of delayed or unintentionally ceased therapies. Conclusions: Following the introduction of electronic prescribing and ATO, a significant reduction was observed in the DOT and LOT for antimicrobial use for inpatients with CAP and IECOPD without a significant increase in adverse events. Further research is required to determine the extent to which the antibiotic timeout functionality directly contributed to this effect and if the effect is present across a broader range of indications.
Design and Analysis of UWB Microstrip Patch Antenna Loaded With Modified SRR and DGS for WBAN Applications
Authors: S Sesha Vidhya , S. Rukmani Devi , G. Shanthi K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the booming field incorporating the recent wireless sensor networks and miniaturized wearable devices. There are growing appeals for WBANs in medical and non-medical applications due to its flexibility and portability. This paper proposes an Ultra Wide Band (UWB)Microstrip patch antenna loaded with modified Split Ring Resonator (SRR) and Defective Ground Structure (DGS) for WBAN applications. The proposed antenna has a modified SRR structure and DGS at the ground and a patch scratched over the surface of the Arlon substrate with 1.6mm thickness. The structure is partially grounded and also loaded with meta-material to reduce the back-body radiations. The performance metrics of the proposed antenna are analysed and compared with different antenna configurations. The proposed UWB Microstrip patch antenna operating at 5.2GHz yielded a return loss of -21.12dB, VSWR of 1.19, higher efficiency and less Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) making it the best choice for biomedical applications.
Partial Effect of Resveratrol on Wound Healing: Study on Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Bilgiç Tayfun , Caf Nazlı , Atsü Ayşe Nilhan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: There are multiple and specific phases during wound healing. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol compound found naturally in fruits. Resveratrol's antioxidant, anti-aging, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects have been shown. This study aims to determine the effects of RSV on perfusion, neovascularization, inflammation, and granulation stages of wound healing in addition to its antioxidant capacity over GPX and SOD.Methods: 16 female rats were divided into two groups as the RSV and control groups. Six excisions were made in each rat. Three excisions in each rat were sutured and the other 3 were left as open wounds. Topical RSV was applied to the wounds of the rats in the RSV group. No treatment was given to the control group. Blood perfusion of the wounds in both groups were measured using the PeriScan PIM 3 System Laser Doppler Blood Perfusion Imager. Punch biopsies were taken for histopathological examinations and for the evaluation of SOD, GPX, and MDA.Results: GPX level of the closed wounds belonging to the RSV group was higher compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in SOD and MDA levels between the groups. Neovascularization was registered higher in the open wounds of RSV group. Conclusion: Within parameters, resveratrol has been shown to be effective in wound healing in various ways. The results of this study may shed light on new therapeutic approaches that can be used in the reversal of oxidative stress in wound-causing diseases.
DNA breathing initiated strand displacement circuits for mimicking ant foraging with nanopore readout
Authors: Zhu Jinbo , Kong Jinglin , Keyser Ulrich , Wang Erkang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
DNA strand displacement reaction is essential for the development of molecular computing based on DNA nanotechnology. Additional DNA strand exchange strategies with high selectivity for input will enable novel complex systems including biosensing applications. Most approaches use bulk readout methods based on fluorescent probes that complicate the monitoring of parallel computations. Herein we propose an autocatalytic strand displacement (ACSD) circuit, which is initiated by DNA breathing and accelerated by seesaw catalytic reaction. The special initiation mechanism of the ACSD circuit enables detection of single base mutations at multiple sites in the input strand with much higher sensitivity than classic toehold-mediated strand displacement. A swarm intelligence model is constructed using the ACSD circuit to mimic foraging behaviour of ants. We introduce a multiplexed nanopore sensing platform to report the output results of a parallel path selection system on the single-molecule level. The ACSD strategy and nanopore multiplexed readout method enhance the toolbox for the future development of DNA computing.
Excellent Energy Storage Performance in NaNbO3-Based Relaxor Antiferroelectric Ceramics Under a Low Electric Field
Authors: Cheng Xuxin , Fan Pengyuan , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
NaNbO3-based antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics have the prominent advantages of stable performance and low cost. However, its energy storage property is often remarkably limited by the hysteresis of the antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transformation. In this work, 0.88Na(Nb1 − xTax)O3–0.12Bi0.2Sr0.7TiO3 (x = 0–0.075) antiferroelectric ceramics were synthesized using a conventional mixed oxide route. Ta5+ were completely dissolved into the lattice of 0.88NaNbO3–0.12Bi0.2Sr0.7TiO3 to form a pure perovskite structure. With increased Ta content, the AFE orthogonal P phase was replaced by AFE orthogonal R phase progressively. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant curve showed relaxor-like properties. As a result, slender P–E curves with reduced hysteresis loss and decreased residual polarization were achieved. Interestingly, a large recoverable energy storage density (Wrec ≈ 2.16 J cm− 3) and high energy storage efficiency (η ≈ 80.7%) were obtained simultaneously under a low driving electric field of 15 kV mm− 1 at doping ratio (x) of 0.075. In addition, the 0.88Na(Nb0.925Ta0.075)O3–0.12Bi0.2Sr0.7TiO3 sample exhibited excellent temperature stability, indicating an ideal candidate in future pulsed power capacitor.
Interaction of Anxiety, Depression and Hypertension on Quality of Life in Patients With Gynecological Tumor and the Moderating Effect of Social Support
Authors: Gu Zhi-Hui , Wu Hui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of anxiety, depression and hypertension on quality of life (QOL) of patients with gynecological tumor and the interaction among them, and the moderating effect of social support.Methods: The study used the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Genera tool (FACT-G), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS). Regression analysis and the simple slope analysis were conducted.Results: QOL of patients with anxiety and hypertension had seriously deteriorated [OR=10.297, 95%CI (5.647-18.775)]. And QOL of patients with depression and hypertension also had seriously deteriorated [OR=11.846, 95%CI (6.597-21.271)]. Calculated by crossover analysis, the synergy index, attributable proportion and relative excess risk due to interact of anxiety and hypertension were1.698,0.371 and 3.822, and the correlation index of interaction between depression and hypertension were 1.475, 0.295, and 3.493. The Social Support &Depression interaction term and Social Support &Anxiety interaction term were negatively correlated with QOL (p<0.01), and explained an extra 5.7% and 5.6% of the variance respectively (p<0.01). Conclusion: Anxiety, depression and hypertension have interaction on the QOL of patients with gynecological tumors. Social support can significantly moderate the relationship between depression, anxiety and QOL respectively.
HbA1c Independently Predicts Declined Myocardial Perfusion Reserve Index in Patients With Coronary Microvascular Disease Using Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: an Observational Study
Authors: Yong Jingwen , Tian JinFan , Cao JiaXin , Kong HuiHui , Zhao Xin , Yang XueYao , He Yi , Song Xiantao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background We investigated whether glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) could independently predict the decline in the myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) in patients with coronary microvascular disease (CMD) by stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).Methods From November 2019, 174 patients with ischemic symptoms but without obstructive coronary disease were screened. The MPRI was recorded in 88 patients who underwent stress perfusion CMR detection. Eighty patients with an MPRI of < 2.5 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether their MPRI was greater or less than 1.47. The effects of each index on the MPRI were analysed using bivariate correlation analysis, and the risk factors for CMD were explored using logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 80 patients with an MPRI of 1.69±0.79 were included (mean age 54.07 ± 11.06 years; 66.3% male). CMD patients with an MPRI of ≤1.47 were higher than those in the group with an MPRI of >1.47 in age (57.61±9.65 years vs. 51.74±11.41 years), presence of diabetes mellitus (45.5% vs. 21.3%), fasting blood glucose levels [6.33(5.16, 8.01) vs. 5.30(5.15, 6.56)], and HbA1c levels [6.30(5.70, 7.70) vs. 5.80(5.60, 6.50)], (P < 0.05). The MPRI was negatively correlated with HbA1c (r=-0.378, P=0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c (OR=2.336, 95% CI: 1.119-4.876, P=0.024) was an independent risk factor for decreased MPRI in all patients with CMD, especially in patients without diabetes (OR=19.953, 95% CI: 1.743-93.449, P=0.029), but not in patients with diabetes (OR=0.984, 95% CI: 0.265-3.658, P=0.981).ConclusionsHbA1c is an independent predictor of MPRI decline in CMD patients, notably in CMD patients without diabetes, but not for those with diabetes.Trial RegistrationThis clinical trial has been registered in the Chinese clinical Trial Registry with an identifier: ChiCTR1900025810.
Integrated Transmission Assessment Surveys (iTAS) of Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis in Cross River, Taraba and Yobe States Nigeria.
Authors: Anagbogu Ifeoma N , Saka Yisa A , Surakat Olabanji Ahmed , Okoronkwo Chukwu , Davies Emmanuel , Oyale Philip , Ekpo Uwem , Amazigo Uche , Barbre Kira , Igbe Mike , Nyior Audrey , Solomon Jacob , Ntuen Gideon , Umar Zaiya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Integrated Transmission Assessment Surveys (iTAS) has been recommended for evaluation of transmission of both lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, as the prevalence of both diseases move toward their respective elimination targets in Nigeria. Therefore, iTAS was conducted between May and December 2017 in five local government areas also known as implementing units (IU) in Cross River, Taraba and Yobe States of Nigeria. Methods: TAS comprises of two phases: The Pre-iTAS and the iTAS. Three states (Cross-Rivers, Taraba and Yobe) comprising of 5 LGAs and 20 communities that have completed 5 rounds of combined treatment with ivermectin and albendazole for LF and 12 rounds of ivermectin were selected for the study. For the Pre-iTAS, Filariasis Test Strip (FTS) and Biplex rapid diagnostic test (Ov16/Wb123 RDT) were used to test 2000 children from age 5-9 for onchocerciasis and 300 persons aged 10 years and above for LF. For the iTAS, only LGAs where all sampled communities during the Pre-iTAS were with less than 2% antigenemia prevalence for LF was selected.Results: Four out of the five LGAs passed the pre-iTAS except Ikom LGA which had an antigenemia prevalence of more than 2%. A total of 11531 school-aged children were tested for LF and onchocerciasis across the four LGAs. Bade tested 2,873, Bekwara 2,622, Gashaka 3,026 and Karim Lamido 3,010 from 148 schools. For LF prevalence, zero prevalence was recorded for Bade and Karim Lamido while Bekwara and Gashaka recorded 0.19% and 0.23% respectively using FTS. The same was not recorded using Ov16/Wb123 biplex as Bade, Bekwara, Gashaka and Karim Lamido recorded 0.03%, 0.53%, 0.43% and 0.03% respectively. For onchocerciasis prevalence, Bade and Karim Lamido recorded zero prevalence while Bekwara, Gashaka recorded 3.09% and 1.75% respectively.Conclusion: This study has provided additional information on the current burden of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) in the 4 IUs sampled where MAM for both infections has been ongoing for years. The study identifies that LF-MAM can be safely stopped in all 4 of the studied IUs. However, MAM for onchocerciasis needs to continue, although this may pose a challenge for LF surveillance. Based on the preliminary results from all four sites, this study has fulfilled the primary objective of determining the programmatic feasibility of an integrated transmission assessment survey (iTAS), to be used to simultaneously assess onchocerciasis and LF prevalence in areas co-endemic for the two infections that have completed the recommended treatment for one or both infections, and to make decisions on how to proceed.
PLXDC1 May Serve As A Target For Combining Antiangiogenic Therapy and Immunotherapy In Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xinwei , Fan Yonfei , Su Fang , Wang Zishu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Based on the immunosuppression of traditional antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of tumors and the newly proposed concept of antiangiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy, this paper will mainly explore the prospects of PLXDC1 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) regarding antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy.Methods First, the transcriptional and translational levels of PLXDC1 in STAD were analyzed using the Oncomine, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas databases and then univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed using TCGA data. Next, we explored the correlation between PLXDC1 and STAD immunity from multiple aspects. Finally, based on the acquisition of immunomodulators associated with PLXDC1 expression from TISIDB, we constructed PLXDC1-related immune prognostic signatures of four genes (NT5E, CTLA, TGFBR1, and CSF1R) and constructed a nomogram for predicting survival to analyze the clinical utility of PLXDC1 in immunotherapy.Results Our results demonstrated that PLXDC1 was highly expressed in STAD and that its high expression was associated with poor prognosis in STAD. Multivariate Cox analysis suggested that PLXDC1 could be used as an independent prognostic risk factor for STAD. The high-risk group for which we constructed PLXDC1-related immune prognostic signatures showed poorer prognosis compared to low-risk group, and the risk score of our model could be used as an independent risk factor for STAD prognosis. Moreover, the nomogram survival prediction system showed good accuracy of the constructed immune signatures.Conclusions In conclusion, PLXDC1 can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of STAD and it may also be a new target for STAD immunotherapy. Therefore, PLXDC1 can combine antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy.