bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing COVID-19 quarantine with SARS-CoV-2 testing: a simulation study
Authors: Peng Bo , Zhou Wen , Pettit Rowland W , Yu Patrick , Matos Peter G , Greninger Alexander L , McCashin Julie , Amos Christopher I 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing on shortening the duration of quarantines for COVID-19 and to identify the most effective choices of testing schedules.DesignWe performed extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of quarantine strategies when one or more SARS-CoV-2 tests were administered during the quarantine. Simulations were based on statistical models for the transmissibility and viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the sensitivities of available testing methods. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of perturbations in model assumptions on the outcomes of optimal strategies.ResultsWe found that SARS-CoV-2 testing can effectively reduce the length of a quarantine without compromising safety. A single reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) test performed before the end of quarantine can reduce quarantine duration to 10 days. Two tests can reduce the duration to 8 days, and three highly sensitive RT-PCR tests can justify a 6-day quarantine. More strategic testing schedules and longer quarantines are needed if tests are administered with less-sensitive RT-PCR tests or antigen tests. Shorter quarantines can be used for applications that tolerate a residual postquarantine transmission risk comparable to a 10-day quarantine.ConclusionsTesting could substantially reduce the length of isolation, reducing the physical and mental stress caused by lengthy quarantines. With increasing capacity and lowered costs of SARS-CoV-2 tests, test-assisted quarantines could be safer and more cost-effective than 14-day quarantines and warrant more widespread use.
Three Delays Model applied to prevention of unsafe abortion in Ghana: a qualitative study
Authors: Otsin Mercy Nana Akua , Taft Angela J , Hooker Leesa , Black Kirsten 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundUnsafe abortion is an important public health problem in Ghana, making significant contributions to the morbidity and mortality of reproductive-aged women. Although mostly used in explaining mortality associated with perinatal care, recent calls for research on induced abortion in Africa suggest that the Three Delays Model could be used to enhance understanding of women’s experiences and access to induced abortion care.MethodsWe conducted 47 face-to-face interviews with women who had experienced unsafe abortions, with formal abortion providers (abortion providers in hospitals) and with informal and non-legal abortion providers (pharmacy workers and herb sellers). Study participants were recruited from selected hospitals, community pharmacies and markets within the Ashanti region of Ghana. We drew on phenomenology to analyse the data.FindingsThe first delay (in seeking care) occurred because of women’s poor knowledge of pregnancy, the influence of religion, and as a result of women underestimating the seriousness of abortion complications. Factors including cost, provider attitudes, stigma, and the proximity of pharmacies to women’s homes delayed their access to safe abortion and resulted in their experience of the second delay (in reaching a healthcare facility). The third delay (in receiving appropriate care) was a result of hospitals’ non-prioritisation of abortion complications and a shortage of equipment, resulting in long hospital waiting times before treatment.ConclusionThis study has shown the value of the Three Delays Model in illustrating women’s experiences of unsafe abortions and ways of preventing the first, second and third delays in their access to care.
Vasectomy interest and awareness among patients and their partners in prenatal clinics in the United States
Authors: Guo Xiaoyue Mona , Lore Marybeth , Madrigal Jessica , Kiley Jessica , Zumpf Katelyn , Adam Megan , Patel Ashlesha 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveAlthough vasectomy is safer, more effective and less expensive than tubal ligation, rates of permanent contraception are consistently higher in women than in men. We sought to explore vasectomy interest and awareness in patients and their partners during prenatal visits, a time when contraceptive counselling is typically performed.MethodsAnonymous surveys were distributed between January and July 2019 to a cross-sectional, convenience sample of pregnant women and their partners, if available, presenting for outpatient prenatal care at two hospitals (one public, one private) serving different patient populations in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Survey questions gauged participant awareness and interest in vasectomies.ResultsSurveys were completed by 436 individuals (78% female, 24% male). Seventy percent of respondents indicated interest in vasectomy after achieving optimal family size, but most respondents had never discussed it with their healthcare provider. Factors associated with vasectomy interest included being partnered, having a lower household income, and knowing someone who has had a vasectomy. Almost 50% of respondents would be interested in obtaining information about vasectomies from their obstetrician or prenatal care provider.ConclusionsMany patients and their male partners in the prenatal clinic setting were interested in vasectomy as a method for permanent contraception, but most respondents had never received counselling. Since comprehensive prenatal care includes contraceptive planning, obstetric providers are uniquely positioned to educate individuals on vasectomy.
When the factory shuts down
Authors: Borgstede Marion G , van den Broeke-Vos Majoline J W , Stevens-Stolmeijer Renate , Lameijer Heleen 
Published: July 2021

Clinical introductionA 56-year-old man without known medical history was brought to our ED after he was found next to his bed, agitated and with waxing and waning consciousness. He has been bedbound for 5 days after a long-standing period of malnutrition. Physical examination reveals Kussmaul breathing, heart rate of 62/min and blood pressure of 135/100 mm Hg, normal cardiac, abdominal and a non-focal neurological examination other than confusion and altered level of consciousness. An EKG was performed (figure 1).Figure 1EKG at presentation in our ED.QuestionWhat abnormalities are the clues to the severity of his condition? How would you confirm your suspicion?The minimally prolonged QTc time.The subtle horizontal ST segment elevation in V2 and V3.The subtle positive deflection at the J point.Nothing, this EKG is not interpretable because of the movement of baseline.
Optimal timing of cholecystectomy after necrotising biliary pancreatitis
Authors: Hallensleben Nora D , Timmerhuis Hester C , Hollemans Robbert A , Pocornie Sabrina , van Grinsven Janneke , van Brunschot Sandra , Bakker Olaf J , van der Sluijs Rogier , Schwartz Matthijs P , van Duijvendijk Peter , Römkens Tessa , Stommel Martijn W J , Verdonk Robert C , Besselink Marc G , Bouwense Stefan A W , Bollen Thomas L , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , Bruno Marco J 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveFollowing an episode of acute biliary pancreatitis, cholecystectomy is advised to prevent recurrent biliary events. There is limited evidence regarding the optimal timing and safety of cholecystectomy in patients with necrotising biliary pancreatitis.DesignA post hoc analysis of a multicentre prospective cohort. Patients with biliary pancreatitis and a CT severity score of three or more were included in 27 Dutch hospitals between 2005 and 2014. Primary outcome was the optimal timing of cholecystectomy in patients with necrotising biliary pancreatitis, defined as: the optimal point in time with the lowest risk of recurrent biliary events and the lowest risk of complications of cholecystectomy. Secondary outcomes were the number of recurrent biliary events, periprocedural complications of cholecystectomy and the protective value of endoscopic sphincterotomy for the recurrence of biliary events.ResultsOverall, 248 patients were included in the analysis. Cholecystectomy was performed in 191 patients (77%) at a median of 103 days (P25–P75: 46–222) after discharge. Infected necrosis after cholecystectomy occurred in four (2%) patients with persistent peripancreatic collections. Before cholecystectomy, 66 patients (27%) developed biliary events. The risk of overall recurrent biliary events prior to cholecystectomy was significantly lower before 10 weeks after discharge (risk ratio 0.49 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.90); p=0.02). The risk of recurrent pancreatitis before cholecystectomy was significantly lower before 8 weeks after discharge (risk ratio 0.14 (95% CI 0.02 to 1.0); p=0.02). The complication rate of cholecystectomy did not decrease over time. Endoscopic sphincterotomy did not reduce the risk of recurrent biliary events (OR 1.40 (95% CI 0.74 to 2.83)).ConclusionThe optimal timing of cholecystectomy after necrotising biliary pancreatitis, in the absence of peripancreatic collections, is within 8 weeks after discharge.
1 Neurosurgery for severe OCD: the past, present and future
Authors: Joyce Eileen 
Published: July 2021

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disorder thought to have a prevalence of 1-2%. The majority of patients are helped by treatments such as exposure and response prevention therapy and medication. A significant minority fail to benefit from optimal treatment and are severely disabled with respect to everyday function.Such patients may be candidates for a neurosurgical approach. This talk will trace the development of neurosurgery for severe OCD beginning with leucotomy/lobotomy which was practiced in the early part of the 20th Century and left an unfavourable legacy. Advancements in neurosurgery have allowed techniques such as anterior cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy to be practiced at present and will be compared. Deep brain stimulation for severe OCD was introduced as an alternative to ablation neurosurgery but the optimal target for electrode placement remains under debate and will be discussed with reference to a study directly comparing DBS of two emerging targets within the same patients. Finally, methods of target refinement will be discussed which may improve patients outcome in the near future.
Multi-Dimensional Fuzzy Graphene Bioelectronic Actuators
Authors: Garg Raghav , Rashid Reem , San Roman Daniel , Wang Yingqiao , Stang Maria , Feinberg Adam , Rivnay Jonathan , Cohen-Karni Tzahi 
Published: July 2021

The ability to manipulate the electrophysiology of electrically active cells and tissues has enabled a deeper understanding of healthy and diseased states. This has primarily been achieved via bioelectronic actuators that interface engineered materials with biological entities. Graphene has gained recent interest as a building-block for bioelectronic actuators due to its advantageous electrochemical properties and biocompatibility. However, functional graphene bioelectronics exhibit a two-dimensional (2D) topology. This leads to inherent performance limitations due to the limited exposed surface-area and poor interactions with interfaced cells and tissues. Ideal geometry of graphene-based actuators needs to leverage the material’s high surface-area-to-volume ratio to facilitate maximum interaction with the electrode.
Here we report a breakthrough three-dimensional (3D) topology of graphene: nanowire templated 3D fuzzy graphene (NT-3DFG), for actuation of electrically active cells and tissues. Using a bottom-up approach, we synthesize an interconnected network of free-standing graphene flakes on Si nanowires (SiNWs). The 3D topology leads to enhanced surface-area compared to planar surfaces allowing NT-3DFG microelectrodes to exhibit lower electrode impedance. The increased surface area also leads to an increase of up to 5-fold and 10-fold in the cathodic charge storage capacity (CSCC) and the charge injection capacity (CIC), respectively, for 20 µm NT-3DFG compared to 20 µm conventional Pt electrodes. To enhance the electrical actuation capabilities of NT-3DFG, we electrodeposit poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on the 3D electrodes. This results in further enhancement in the exhibited CSCC and CIC thus enabling further miniaturization of graphene-based microelectrodes to ultra-microelectrodes for functional bioelectronics. Our results demonstrate the importance of extending the topology of nanomaterials to 3D to push the physical and functional limits of conventional bioelectronics.
Protein-Nanotube Sensing Devices: Site-Specific Coupling for the Detection of Active Antimicrobial Resistance Components
Authors: Xu Xinzhao , Bowen Benjamin J , Gwyther Rebecca E.A. , Freeley Mark , Grigorenko Bella , Nemukhin Alexander , Eklöf-Österberg Johnas , Moth-Poulsen Kasper , Jones Dafydd D , Palma Matteo 
Published: July 2021

A central challenge in nanobiotechnology is the bottom-up assembly of platforms capable of monitoring and exploiting biomolecular interactions with nanoscale control; this in turn can allow the development of novel bioelectronics interfaces. In this regard, electrical detection methodologies, using nanomaterials, are one of the most promising candidates for biosensing investigations: they can be effectively merged with miniaturised hardware, offer simplicity, low-cost, portability, ultrahigh sensitivity, selectivity, and (label-free) real-time electrical detection
We will present the fabrication of bioelectronic devices for the development of real-time biosensors with engineered protein interfacing. In particular, we assembled b-lactamase (BL) inhibitory proteins (BLIPs) onto SWCNT sidewalls in electronic device configurations, with controlled protein orientation. This allowed us to control the local electrostatic surface presented within the Debye length (see Figure), and thus modulate the conductance gating effect upon sensing protein targets. We recorded the current responses in real-time for the detection of a range of concentrations of a class BL enzymes, that degrade antibiotics, in the context of investigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The strategy presented here is of general applicability for the control and detection of protein-protein interactions in nanoscale device configurations, through electrostatic surface profiling; moreover, it may open up new opportunities for the development of AMR-related diagnostic devices.

Figure 1
(Invited) Globally Aligned, Wafer-Scale Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes Via Interfacial Assembly
Authors: Arnold Michael S. 
Published: July 2021

Floating evaporative self-assembly (FESA) is a solution-based technique for fabricating highly-aligned semiconducting carbon nanotube films.1,2 Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on carbon nanotubes aligned via FESA have exhibited current densities exceeding that of GaAs and Si, demonstrating the promise of this technique.3 However, the global uniformity of FESA films is poor, as the films are composed of stripes of aligned and randomly oriented carbon nanotubes. Additionally, this technique is inherently difficult to scale. In the work presented here, we demonstrate a scalable technique to overcome the shortcomings of FESA and to achieve globally uniform films of aligned carbon nanotubes at desirable packing densities for FETs.
In our technique, carbon nanotubes are continuously aligned across target substrates by lifting the substrates through a flowing nanotube ink/water interface. The ink/water interface collects and confines the nanotubes, which is vital to achieving a high degree of alignment. Polarized Raman spectroscopy mapping is used to quantify the degree of alignment in the resulting aligned nanotube films. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the alignment distribution within the films is 6.0° measured across a 1 mm2 area. We control the aligned carbon nanotube packing density from 0.2 to 59 µm-1 by varying the ink concentration from 0.1 to 100 µg mL-1. Using optimized conditions, we demonstrate the scalability of this technique by aligning carbon nanotubes across a 100 mm wide wafer. Charge transport measurements are performed using FETs with the aligned carbon nanotube films as the active channels, and the performance is compared to FETs based on FESA films.
1. Jinkins, K., R. et al. Nanotube Alignment Mechanism in Floating Evaporative Self-Assembly. Langmuir 33, 13407–13414 (2017).
2. Joo, Y., Brady, G. J., Arnold, M. S. & Gopalan, P. Dose-Controlled, Floating Evaporative Self-assembly and Alignment of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes from Organic Solvents. Langmuir 30, 3460–3466 (2014).
3. Brady, G. J. et al. Quasi-ballistic carbon nanotube array transistors with current density exceeding Si and GaAs. Sci. Adv. 2, (2016).
(Invited) Supramolecular Chemistry-Based One-Pot Separation of Solubilizer-Free Pure Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Molecular Strategy and Mechanism
Authors: Nakashima Naotoshi , Fukuzawa Masashi , Nishimura Kanako , Hashimoto Wataru , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko , Kato Yuichi , Staykov Aleksandar 
Published: July 2021

We summarize a supramolecular chemistry-based one-pot, and highly efficient separation of a solubilizer/adsorbent-free pure semiconducting SWCNT (sc-SWCNT) using flavin/isoalloxazine analogues with different substituents. On the basis of both experimental and computational simulations (DFT study), we have revealed the molecular requirements of the solubilizers as well as provided a possible mechanism for such a highly efficient selective sc-SWCNT separation[1]. We introduced thio-substituents at 7- and 8-positions of a flavin analogue, which allows for coordination of metal ions. Based on both experimental and theoretical methods, we have demonstrated that the formed Cu2+-based supramolecular assembled complex shows very high selective sorting of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes with (8,6)- and (9,4)-chiralities[2]. The present sorting methods are very simple (one-pot) and gives a promising sc-SWCNT separation methodology.

References

[1] N. Nakashima, M. Fukuzawa, K. Nishimura, T. Fujigaya, Y. Kato, A. Staykov, “Supramolecular chemistry-based one-pot high-efficient separation of solubilizer-free pure semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes: molecular strategy and mechanism”, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2020, 142, 11847-11856
[2] A. Staykov, W. Hashimoto, F. Toshimitsu, N. Nakashima, “A Flavin-Cu2+ Supramolecular Complex for Highly Selective Sorting of Semiconducting Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Specific Chiralities, ChemComm. 2020, 56, 12415-12418
(Invited) High-Purity Infrared Single Photons Generation with Carbon Nanotubes Coupled to a Microcavity
Authors: Borel Antoine , Claude Théo , Chassagneux Yannick , Lauret Js , He Xiaowei , Doorn Stephen , Voisin Christophe 
Published: July 2021

Single photon emission in the near infrared was recently reported in individual carbon nanotubes, either plain or functionalized, with however a moderate quantum yield.
Here we use a tunable fiber cavity to enhance light-matter interaction, using the so-called Purcell effect to boost the performances of the single photon source in view of applications in quantum telecommunications. Preferential excitation conditions building on localized excited states, both for plain and functionalized nanotubes, are considered and the performances of the sources in terms of purity, brightness and indistinguishability are discussed.
Carbon Nanotube Based Low Reflective Coatings
Authors: WANG DAN , Hall Timothy , Snyder Stephen , Inman Maria , Taylor E. Jennings , Hopkins Alan , Fuqua Peter , Labatete-Goeppinger Aura , Hennessy Amber , Hoskinson Alan , Oakes David 
Published: July 2021

Low reflective coatings or surfaces have wide applications in the fields of aerospace, energy, military, defense, and daily life. Optical baffles and sensors are important components of space-borne instruments, which require low-reflectivity surfaces to minimize stray and reflected light for improving their image resolution to facilitate the direct exoplanet detection and characterization, as well as the sensitivity for missile defense and satellite-based surveillance systems. The excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them as ideal coating materials for obtaining low reflectivity surfaces for various applications.
In this presentation, Faraday Technology Inc. demonstrated the feasibility of a low-cost, efficient and scalable manufacturing process for the deposition of durable, low reflectivity carbon nanotube black coatings based on the use of pulse and pulse reverse electrophoretic deposition. The low-reflectivity CNT coatings have been successfully deposited on a variety of geometries: flat coupons, curved surfaces, sharp edges, and internal and external surface of square tubes using the FARADAYIC® EPD process with different anode-cathode configurations (Figure 1 A). The CNT coatings show the total hemispherical reflection of 0.4% ~ 0.8% across visible to near infrared (NIR) wavebands (Figure 1 B). The CNT coatings withstood simulated launch conditions vibration tests, and no weight loss and optical degradation were observed. The atomic erosion resistance of the CNT coatings was evaluated in a simulated low earth orbit (LEO) environment. The CNT coatings showed enhanced resilience to LEO O-atom erosion when compared to Kapton and HOPG. The UV radiation effects on the coatings are under investigation.
The developed economic and scalable technology for producing CNT black coatings on desired substrates can not only be used for minimizing stray and reflected light for space-borne instruments, but also be beneficial for optoelectronic fields for minimizing unwanted surface reflections for solar thermal power generation and storage, solar-driven steam generation for sanitization and water purification, and so on.

Figure 1
(Invited) How to Use Acoustic Phonons to Enrich the Properties of a Cavity Coupled Nano-Emitter ?
Authors: Borel Antoine , Claude Théo , Jeantet Adrien , Lauret Js , Voisin Christophe , Chassagneux Yannick 
Published: July 2021

Carbon nanotubes have emerged as original single photon source in the near IR and in the telecom bands. To further control their emission rate and directionality, individual carbon nanotube can be coupled to a high Q and small mode volume cavity (Purcell effect). Due to the 1D geometry of carbon nanotube, the coupling between localized exciton and acoustic phonon is particularly strong. This coupling can be used as an additional degree of freedom in cavity coupled single emitters; it brings a very rich physics involving non-markovian decoherence, tripartite coupling, and asymmetric energy exchange... In particular the coupling to phonon can be used to “force” the nanotube to emit preferentially at the cavity frequency rather than at its intrinsic transition frequency.. We implemented this approach to realize a widely tunable single photon source.
Jeantet et al, PRL 116, 247402 (2016)
Jeantet et al, Nano Lett. 17, 4184 (2017)
He et al , Nat. Mat. 17, 663 (2018)
Chassagneux et al PRB 97, 205124 (2018)
(Invited) Graphene Aerogels: From Self-Assembly to Applications
Authors: Cerruti Marta 
Published: July 2021

Graphene aerogels are highly porous and light structures that maintain most of the exceptional mechanical and electrical properties of graphene in a substrate that can be handled and used in practical applications. This is possible because the graphene flakes do not excessively restack during aerogel formation.
In this talk we will explore how we can direct the self-assembly of graphene oxide flakes to generate graphene aerogels with different structures and mechanical properties, ranging from plastic to elastic structures and structures with dual porosity and highly controlled architectures. We will briefly highlight applications for these structures in fields as varied as sensing, pollutant absorption, photocatalysis, and cell culture.