bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An In vitro Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of ACP Containing Pit and Fissure Sealant and Moisture Tolerant Pit and Fissure Sealant
Authors: Mulani Rachna , Mathur Aditi 
Published: July 2021

Background: Pits and fissure sealants are widely used to prevent caries in children. Microleakage is one of the most crucial factors resulting in sealant compromise. Factors pertaining to microleakage like, pre-treatment of occlusal surfaces, moisture control, bonding systems, and flowability of the sealant, will determine the longevity of the treatment. In vitro microleakage studies are useful in predicting the marginal sealing ability of pit and fissure sealants.
Aim: This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the microleakage of ACP (Aegis®) containing pit and fissure sealant and moisture tolerant pit and fissure sealant (EmbraceTM WetbondTM).
Study Design: In vitro study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune. between June 2020 and February 2021. Methodology: 26 permanent non- carious premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were used. The sealants used for the analysis of microleakage were Aegis® and EmbraceTM WetbondTM pit and fissure sealants. The premolars were divided into two groups of 13 each. After sealant application, they were immersed in methylene blue dye. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling for 24 hours, after which The teeth were sectioned buccolingually and dye penetration was studied under a stereomicroscope (magnification 10X).
Results: Both the groups were studied and statistically evaluated using Mann- Whitney U test. Aegis® showed higher microleakage in (46.2%) than Embrace (38%), though the results were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Both the materials showed microleakage, more In-vivo studies with longer follow- up periods are needed to evaluate and compare the clinical success of these pit & fissure sealants.
Efficacy of Agility Training in a Police Cadet: A Case Study
Authors: Bawiskar Dushyant , Phansopkar Pratik 
Published: July 2021

Background: Plyometric training is a blend of training for strength and stamina. This enables muscles to exert full strength in short time intervals, with the intention of increasing power (speed-strength) in order to ensure stronger police cadet agility. Preparation for physical health, Preparation for Technical Event, Tactics Preparation and psychological preparation these are four important components for the Sports which makes athletes more-strong and achieve high success. Agility is characterized by sudden change in the direction by maintaining the ability in which quickly changing the direction of the body.
Objective: Analyse the result of the 12-week Plyometric Agility Program in Police Cadets. Diagnosis, Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: The cadet was examined for any deformity and any problems regarding the lower limb soft tissue and Range of motion, Manual muscle testing and agility test were carried out. 40 Cadets aged above 18 years were grouped into two. Analysis was then carried out with assessment of T-test Agility test, Illinois Agility Test, Edgren Side Step Test. Intervention duration is 12-weeks, completed successfully. Assessment was done on 1st day of visit then at the end of 6th week and again at the end of 12th week. Cadet would have to perform 4 session of Plyometric Training per week. Plyometric Training is best to increase the agility which was evident in this case.
Conclusion: Plyometric training is very beneficial to increase the Agility of the lower limb as the time period required to complete the Agility test were more and now the time period is less. It comes under the “Good” Grades. Hence, it is proved that Plyometric Training is more helpful to increase the agility.
Kawasaki Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Benefits and Harms of Common Treatments
Authors: James Karen E. , Kalot Mohamad A. , Husainat Nedaa M. , Dua Anisha B. , Byram Kevin , Springer Jason M. , Lin Yih Chang , Turgunbaev Marat , Villa‐Forte Alexandra , Gorelik Mark , Abril Andy , Langford Carol , Maz Mehrdad , Chung Sharon A. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveKawasaki disease (KD) is a self‐limited vasculitis affecting medium‐sized vessels with a predilection for the coronary arteries. Although treatment reduces the likelihood of developing of coronary artery aneurysms, 5% of patients still develop aneurysms despite treatment, making KD the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the United States. Consequently, there is a great deal of interest in optimizing treatment regimens, particularly for higher‐risk patients, to decrease morbidity. The aim of this systematic review is to support the development of the American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation for the diagnosis and management of KD, focusing on the more complex scenarios in which rheumatologists may become involved, such as high‐risk and refractory disease.MethodsEighty‐nine articles were considered for full review in this systematic literature review to address 16 Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome questions related to KD. Data were abstracted in hierarchical fashion. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were considered first; if none were identified or if they contained insufficient information, comparative observational studies were then viewed, followed by single‐arm observational studies/single arms from comparative studies. Only observational studies with more than 10 subjects with vasculitis were included.ResultsEight RCTs and 28 observational studies that addressed the questions were identified. Two questions were addressed by RCTs, seven questions had at least some comparative observational studies, three questions were only addressed by single‐arm data, and four questions had no relevant studies.ConclusionThis systematic review evaluates the benefits and harms of treatments for KD beyond first‐line therapy.
Photoresponsive and Polarization‐Sensitive Structural Colors from Cellulose/Liquid Crystal Nanophotonic Structures
Authors: Anusuyadevi Prasaanth Ravi , Shanker Ravi , Cui Yuxiao , Riazanova Anastasia V. , Järn Mikael , Jonsson Magnus P. , Svagan Anna J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) possess the ability to form helical periodic structures that generate structural colors. Due to the helicity, such self‐assembled cellulose structures preferentially reflect left‐handed circularly polarized light of certain colors, while they remain transparent to right‐handed circularly polarized light. This study shows that combination with a liquid crystal enables modulation of the optical response to obtain light reflection of both handedness but with reversed spectral profiles. As a result, the nanophotonic systems provide vibrant structural colors that are tunable via the incident light polarization. The results are attributed to the liquid crystal aligning on the CNC/glucose film, to form a birefringent layer that twists the incident light polarization before interaction with the chiral cellulose nanocomposite. Using a photoresponsive liquid crystal, this effect can further be turned off by exposure to UV light, which switches the nematic liquid crystal into a nonbirefringent isotropic phase. The study highlights the potential of hybrid cellulose systems to create self‐assembled yet advanced photoresponsive and polarization‐tunable nanophotonics.
Bioinspired Depletion‐Resistant Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces with Self‐Replenishing Lubrication Through Capillary Filament
Authors: Li Jiaqian , Zhao Haibo , Wang Liqiu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLubricant‐infused nanostructured surfaces have emerged as a type of multifunctional coatings with exceptional advantages of super liquid‐repellency, low contact angle hysteresis, and self‐healing. However, due to their low oil storage trapped by nanostructures, such type of functional surfaces is susceptible to the depletion of lubricant fluids especially under extreme conditions. In this study, an earthworm‐inspired hierarchical lubricant‐infused surface with superior self‐replenishing lubrication but without the input of external stimulus is developed. The top nanostructured membrane acts as a skin to stabilize the slippery oil layer, while the bottom square microwells work as reservoirs to store sufficient lubricant oil and replenish the nanofilm analogous to the earthworm grands. Through the seamless collaboration of capillary corner filament inside the microwell and wettability gradient between the microwell and the nanofilm, the lubricant stored in the microwells can be directionally and timely transported for replenishing the nanofilm when the lubricant within the nanofilm is depleted. Compared with the conventional nanostructured lubricant‐infused surfaces, the surface can promise a long‐term superior lubricating action under extreme conditions of cooling, heating, and continuous droplet impinging. It is envisioned that the designed self‐replenishing lubricant‐infused surface can be useful in applications that involve extreme environments.
Minimizing Temperature Gradient in Photonic Sintering for Defect‐Free High‐Conductivity Cu‐Based Printed Patterns by Bidirectional Irradiation
Authors: Lee Jae‐Won , Kwak Ji Hye , Kim Juhee , Jeong Sooyeon , Park Jong Hwan , Jeong Seung Yol , Seo Seon Hee , Han Joong Tark , Lee Geon‐Woong , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Yang Imjeong H.‐S. , Jeong Hee Jin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntense pulsed light (IPL)‐induced photothermal heating is relatively effective at reducing the annealing or sintering time of metal particle‐based conductive patterns in the manufacturing of printed electronics. However, defects such as cavities, delamination, and inhomogeneous shrinkage within the sintered patterns are a well‐known problem in IPL sintering. These defects are considerably influenced by undesired temperature gradients induced inside samples during IPL sintering. To solve this undesired temperature gradient problem, we propose a bidirectional IPL (B‐IPL) sintering approach using front‐ and back‐elliptical reflectors on both sides of the printed pattern. The effects of the B‐IPL energy density and number of shots on the electrical and mechanical properties of the printed patterns were systematically investigated using noncontact spectroscopic temperature sensing techniques with a µs‐timescale infrared temperature sensor system. Cross‐sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy images indicate that B‐IPL sintering significantly enhances the densification level and sintering uniformity of printed patterns compared to conventional IPL.
NO2‐Affinitive Amorphous Conjugated Polymer for Field‐Effect Transistor Sensor toward Improved NO2 Detection Capability
Authors: Chae Huijeong , Han Ji Min , Ahn Yejin , Kwon Ji Eon , Lee Wi Hyoung , Kim Bong‐Gi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThree conjugated polymers (CPs) containing indolocarbazole‐based similar conjugated frameworks are designed to investigate the NO2 detection capability of field‐effect transistor (FET) sensors. The partly linear aliphatic side chain strengthens the crystallization tendency of the CPs, but the crystallinity is critically degraded when introducing an ethylene oxide (EO)‐modified side chain to the same conjugated framework. Although the highly crystalline morphology of the CP helps to achieve high hole mobility, the NO2 response rate of the CP‐based FET sensor is severely deteriorated because of the suppression of NO2 diffusion into the CP matrix. The polar and flexible EO‐modified side chain is helpful to improve the NO2‐affinity of the CPs and induce favorable pathways for NO2 diffusion, ultimately providing enhanced detectivity with better NO2‐response characteristics. As a result, despite low charge carrier mobility due to pure amorphous nature, the CP with EO‐modified side chains provides an exceptional sensitivity of 180%/ppm upon NO2 (100 ppb) exposure for 50 s, including distinct detectivity toward other environmentally abundant harmful polar gases, such as SO2, NO, and NH3.
High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processable OLEDs by Employing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Multiple Conversion Channels of Triplet Excitons
Authors: Liu Yuchao , Hua Lei , Zhao Zhennan , Ying Shian , Ren Zhongjie , Yan Shouke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe state‐of‐the‐art luminescent materials are gained widely by utilizing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism. However, the feasible molecular designing strategy of fully exploiting triplet excitons to enhance TADF properties is still in demand. Herein, TADF emitters with multiple conversion channels of triplet excitons are designed by concisely halogenating the electron acceptors containing carbonyl moiety. Compared with the chlorinated and brominated analogues, the fluorinated emitter exhibits distinguishing molecular stacking structures, participating in the formation of trimers through integrating CH···F and C═O···H hydrogen bonds together. It is also demonstrated that the multiple channels can be involved synergistically to accelerate the spin‐flip of triplet excitons, and to take charge of the relatively superior reverse intersystem crossing constant rate of 6.20 × 105 s–1, and thus excellent photoluminescence quantum yields over 90% can easily be achieved. Then the solution‐processable organic light emitting diode based on fluorinated emitter can achieve a record‐high external quantum efficiency value of 27.13% and relatively low efficiency roll‐off with remaining 24.74% at 1000 cd m−2. This result manifests the significance of enhancing photophysical properties through constructing multiple conversion channels of triplets excitons for high‐efficiency TADF emitters and provides a guideline for the future study.
Improving long‐term crop productivity and soil quality through integrated straw‐return and tillage strategies
Authors: Li Shuo , Hu Mengjun , Shi Jianglan , Tian Xiaohong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong‐termagricultural sustainability receives increasing concerns owing to the inappropriate removals of crop straw with frequent tillage, causing soil degradation and reduced productivity. A 7‐yr field experiment was conducted to exploit the optimal integrated straw‐return and tillage strategy for maintaining soil quality and sustaining crop productivity in an intensive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system in the Guanzhong Plain. Three strategies were tested for wheat: straw harvest (Wh), straw return with chopped straw distribution on soil surface (Wr) and with stubble 30–40 cm height (Ws); three strategies were for maize: straw harvest with rotary tillage (Mh), straw return with rotary tillage (Mr) and with subsoiling (Ms). Thus, nine integrated strategies were conducted per rotation period: WhMh, WhMr, WhMs, WrMh, WrMr, WrMs, WsMh, WsMr, and WsMs. The results indicated that the eight integrated strategies (except WhMh) promoted both wheat and maize grain yields, and showed the largest increase for the system productivity (+42.3%) and sustainable yield index (+43.0%) under WsMs relative to the WhMh. In addition, significant increases were observed in various soil quality indicators under integrated strategies, especially under WsMs. The system productivity responses were predominately determined by mean weight diameter, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus. Therefore, the integrated strategies of wheat straw return with stubble 30–40 cm height and maize straw return with subsoiling can be advised for maintaining soil quality and improving crop productivity in the wheat–maize cropping system in the long term.
The recurrent p.(Pro540Ser) MEN1 genetic variant should be considered nonpathogenic: A case report
Authors: Villabona Carles , Oriola Josep , Serrano Teresa , Guerrero‐Pérez Fernando , Valdés Nuria , Chiara Mariló , Robledo Mercedes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (Pheo/PGL) associated with pituitary adenoma (PA) is rare in clinical practice, and a common pathogenic mechanism has been suggested owing to the germline pathogenic variants found in some cases. Our aim is to propose a reassignment for a recurrent MEN1 genetic variant found in a 54‐year‐old male patient with bilateral pheochromocytoma and GH‐secreting PA. Pheo/PGL genes study was carried out in DNA samples from Pheo as well as PA and no pathological variants or large deletions were detected. Additionally, a MEN1 gene analysis was performed, and a heterozygous germline variant in exon 10: c.1618C>T; p.(Pro540Ser) was found. No MEN1 gene deletions/duplications were detected. In evaluating a causal relationship between the c.1618C>T MEN1 variant and both tumors, we took into account that missense variants are common pathogenic variants in MEN1, and the population frequency of this variant is too high to be considered pathogenic. His son (aged 38 and carrier) is asymptomatic, and computational analysis showed discrepancies. We propose that this recurrent variant, previously considered as likely pathogenic, subsequently as variant of uncertain significance, and likely benign should now be reclassified as benign.
Importance of subterranean fungi in the diet of bonobos in Kokolopori
Authors: Lucchesi Stefano , Cheng Leveda , Wessling Erin G. , Kambale Bienfait , Lokasola Albert L. , Ortmann Sylvia , Surbeck Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNonstaple food is a food resource which sole consumption does not allow the maintenance of regular physiological functions, thus constituting a minor portion of an individual's diet. Many primates consume nonstaple food such as meat, insects, and fungi. Hypotheses on the dietary importance of nonstaple food include its role as fallback food and as source of specific nutrients. We tested these two hypotheses by investigating mycophagy (i.e., the consumption of fungi) in a population of wild bonobos in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, DRC. Specifically, we examined the relationship between fungus consumption and various factors relevant to bonobo feeding ecology (i.e., fruit abundance and the consumption of other food types). Additionally, we measured the deviation from linear travel when bonobos searched for fungi to evaluate the nature of fungus consumption (e.g., opportunistic or targeted). Lastly, we examined the nutritional content of the major fungus species consumed (Hysterangium bonobo) to test whether this food item was potentially consumed as source of specific nutrients. We found that bonobos spent a higher proportion of their time feeding on fungi when fruit abundance was higher, indicating that fungi were not consumed as a fallback food. Moreover, bonobos deviated from linear travel when visiting fungus patches more than observed when visiting fruit patches, suggesting that they actively sought out fungi. Lastly, initial analyses suggest that H. bonobo samples contained high concentration of sodium. Collectively, these results suggest that subterranean fungi appear to be attractive food source to Kokolopori bonobos, and that mycophagy may serve to supplement nutrients, like sodium, in bonobo diet.
Electrochemical Potential‐Driven High‐Throughput Molecular Electronic and Spintronic Devices: From Molecules to Applications
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Jash Priyajit , Sachan Pradeep , Bayat Akhtar , Singh Vikram , Mondal Prakash Chandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMolecules are fascinating candidates for constructing tunable and electrically conducting devices by the assembly of either a single molecule or an ensemble of molecules between two electrical contacts followed by current‐voltage (I‐V) analysis, which is often termed “molecular electronics”. Recently, there has been also an upsurge of interest in spin‐based electronics or spintronics across the molecules, which offer additional scope to create ultrafast responsive devices with less power consumption and lower heat generation using the intrinsic spin property rather than electronic charge. Researchers have been exploring this idea of utilizing organic molecules, organometallics, coordination complexes, polymers, and biomolecules (proteins, enzymes, oligopeptides, DNA) in integrating molecular electronics and spintronics devices. Although several methods exist to prepare molecular thin‐films on suitable electrodes, the electrochemical potential‐driven technique has emerged as highly efficient. In this Review we describe recent advances in the electrochemical potential driven growth of nanometric various molecular films on technologically relevant substrates, including non‐magnetic and magnetic electrodes to investigate the stimuli‐responsive charge and spin transport phenomena.
Construction of Co–Mn Prussian Blue Analog Hollow Spheres for Efficient Aqueous Zn‐ion Batteries
Authors: Zeng Yinxiang , Lu Xue Feng , Zhang Song Lin , Luan Deyan , Li Sheng , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrussian blue analogs (PBAs) are considered as reliable and promising cathode materials for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs), but they suffer from low capacity and poor cycling stability due to insufficient active sites and structural damage caused by the ion insertion/extraction processes. Herein, a template‐engaged ion exchange approach has been developed for the synthesis of Co‐substituted Mn‐rich PBA hollow spheres (CoMn‐PBA HSs) as cathode materials for AZIBs. Benefiting from the multiple advantageous features including hollow structure, abundant active sites, fast Zn2+ ion diffusion, and partial Co substitution, the CoMn‐PBA HSs electrode shows efficient zinc ion storage properties in terms of high capacity, decent rate capability and prolonged cycle life.
Au⋅⋅⋅H−C Hydrogen Bonds as Design Principle in Gold(I) Catalysis
Authors: Darmandeh Heidar , Löffler Julian , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Dereli Busra , Scherpf Thorsten , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Vanden Broeck Sofie , Van Hecke Kristof , Saab Marina , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Cavallo Luigi , Nolan Steven P. , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSecondary ligand–metal interactions are decisive in many catalytic transformations. While arene–gold interactions have repeatedly been reported as critical structural feature in many high‐performance gold catalysts, we herein report that these interactions can also be replaced by Au⋅⋅⋅H−C hydrogen bonds without suffering any reduction in catalytic performance. Systematic experimental and computational studies on a series of ylide‐substituted phosphines featuring either a PPh3 (PhYPhos) or PCy3 (CyYPhos) moiety showed that the arene‐gold interaction in the aryl‐substituted compounds is efficiently compensated by the formation of Au⋅⋅⋅H−C hydrogen bonds. The strongest interaction is found with the C−H moiety next to the onium center, which due to the polarization results in remarkably strong interactions with the shortest Au⋅⋅⋅H−C hydrogen bonds reported to date. Calorimetric studies on the formation of the gold complexes further confirmed that the PhYPhos and CyYPhos ligands form similarly stable complexes. Consequently, both ligands showed the same catalytic performance in the hydroamination, hydrophenoxylation and hydrocarboxylation of alkynes, thus demonstrating that Au⋅⋅⋅H−C hydrogen bonds are equally suited for the generation of highly effective gold catalysts than gold‐arene interactions. The generality of this observation was confirmed by a comparative study between a biaryl phosphine ligand and its cyclohexyl‐substituted derivative, which again showed identical catalytic performance. These observations clearly support Au⋅⋅⋅H−C hydrogen bonds as fundamental secondary interactions in gold catalysts, thus further increasing the number of design elements that can be used for future catalyst construction.