bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In/on applied legal research: Pragmatic limits to the impact of peripheral international legal scholarship via policy papers
Authors: Giannattasio Arthur Roberto Capella , Drezza Débora Roma , Wehby Maria Beatriz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines the limits that academics from peripheral countries might encounter while trying to influence the decision-making process inside an international organization. Although there are different mechanisms whereby academia might influence non-academic debates, we highlight here the use of policy papers, in order to examine and discuss the non-textual barriers which might be faced by those academics. After an analysis of primary sources this article presents some pragmatic limits in the use of policy papers and discusses the consequences of this condition for the legitimation of international organizations. As such, relevant international organizations still seem to be unresponsive to some initiatives in particular: closed to the spontaneous participation of academia; and not willing to call for contributions from academic communities. This is particularly relevant for contributions from peripheral academia and other non-state actors, who lack the capability to disturb the traditional ideational power exercised by core (Western) countries and by state-centric ideology in current international law.
Characteristics of the Long‐Lived Concentric Eyewalls in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Yang Yi‐Ting , Kuo Hung‐Chi , Tsujino Satoki , Chen Buo‐Fu , Peng Melinda S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConcentric eyewalls (CEs) in tropical cyclones (TCs) in different basins were identified based on satellite imagery during 1997–2014. Their duration and structural parameters, including inner eyewall size, moat width, and outer eyewall width, were calculated. Differences in these parameters can best be distinguished by short‐lived and long‐lived CEs (i.e., CEs with durations shorter or longer than 20 h). A long‐lived CE tends to have a larger size, mainly contributed by a larger moat and a larger outer eyewall width. The inner eyewall size shows no significant difference between short‐lived and long‐lived CEs in the western North Pacific (WNP) but increases slightly and steadily with increasing CE durations in the Atlantic (ATL). Furthermore, the WNP has far more CEs than in ATL and in the eastern Pacific (EPAC) for all duration categories. Long‐lived CEs cover about 20% of all CEs and are associated with higher sea surface temperature and weaker vertical wind shear. In the WNP, the TC tracks associated with long‐lived CEs were with the less northward motion component. Furthermore, seven TCs with triple eyewalls in the WNP are identified during 1997–2014, with only one case in the EPAC and no ATL case. It is found that five cases of these triple eyewalls TC in the WNP evolved to long‐lived CEs. The results suggest that the CE internal dynamical process, the TC track during the CE period, and the environmental conditions are all critical to the CE size and duration.
Data‐Model Comparisons of Tropical Hydroclimate Changes Over the Common Era
Authors: Atwood A. R. , Battisti D. S. , Wu E. , Frierson D. M. W. , Sachs J. P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine the evidence for large‐scale tropical hydroclimate changes over the Common Era based on a compilation of 67 tropical hydroclimate records from 55 sites and assess the consistency between the reconstructed hydroclimate changes and those simulated by transient model simulations of the last millennium. Our synthesis of the proxy records reveals several regionally coherent patterns on centennial time scales. From 800 to 1000 CE, records from the eastern Pacific and parts of Mesoamerica indicate a pronounced drying event relative to background conditions of the Common Era. In addition, 1400–1700 CE is marked by pronounced hydroclimate changes across the tropics, including dry and/or isotopically enriched conditions in South and East Asia, wet and/or isotopically depleted conditions in the central Andes and southern Amazon in South America, and fresher and/or isotopically depleted conditions in the Maritime Continent. We find notable dissimilarities between the regional hydroclimate changes and global‐scale and hemispheric‐scale temperature reconstructions, indicating that more work needs to be done to understand the mechanisms of the widespread tropical hydroclimate changes during the LIA. Apropos to previous interpretations of large‐scale reorganization of tropical Pacific climate during the LIA, we do not find support for a large‐scale southward shift of the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone, while evidence for a strengthened Pacific Walker Circulation and/or an equatorward contraction of the monsoonal Asian‐Australian rain belt exists from limited geographic regions but require additional paleoclimate constraints. Transient climate model simulations exhibit weak forced long‐term tropical rainfall changes over the last millennium but provide several important insights to the proxy reconstructions.
Impact of prior JAK-inhibitor therapy with ruxolitinib on outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis: a study of the CMWP of EBMT
Authors: Kröger Nicolaus , Sbianchi Giulia , Sirait Tiarlan , Wolschke Christine , Beelen Dietrich , Passweg Jakob , Robin Marie , Vrhovac Radovan , Helbig Grzegorz , Sockel Katja , Conneally Eibhlin , Rubio Marie Thérèse , Beguin Yves , Finke Jürgen , Bernasconi Paolo , Morozova Elena , Clausen Johannes , von dem Borne Peter , Schaap Nicolaas , Schroyens Wilfried , Patriarca Francesca , Di Renzo Nicola , Yeğin Zeynep Arzu , Hayden Patrick , McLornan Donal , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (RUX) is approved in patients with myelofibrosis but the impact of pretreatment with RUX on outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains to be determined. We evaluated the impact of RUX on outcome in 551 myelofibrosis patients who received HSCT without (n = 274) or with (n = 277) RUX pretreatment. The overall leukocyte engraftment on day 45 was 92% and significantly higher in RUX responsive patients than those who had no or lost response to RUX (94% vs. 85%, p = 0.05). The 1-year non-relapse mortality was 22% without significant difference between the arms. In a multivariate analysis (MVA) RUX pretreated patients with ongoing spleen response at transplant had a significantly lower risk of relapse (8.1% vs. 19.1%; p = 0.04)] and better 2-year event-free survival (68.9% vs. 53.7%; p = 0.02) in comparison to patients without RUX pretreatment. For overall survival the only significant factors were age > 58 years (p = 0.03) and HLA mismatch donor (p = 0.001). RUX prior to HSCT did not negatively impact outcome after transplantation and patients with ongoing spleen response at time of transplantation had best outcome.
Line spectrum extraction method based on hidden Markov model
Authors: Ma Kai , Luo Guangcheng , Cheng Jian , Cheng Yusheng , Li Haitao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo solve the difficult problem of line spectrum detection with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio, a line spectrum extraction algorithm based on a hidden Markov model (HMM) is proposed. The forward–backward algorithm was used to track single and multiple spectral lines in a lofargram, and a new algorithm for the state transition probability matrix was proposed to handle the large amount of HMM calculation and the uncertainty difficulty in processing real signals. Finally, a median fitting algorithm was used to correct the few outlier points in the line spectrum estimation process. Simulation and sea trial data showed that the algorithm had good line spectrum tracking ability for a low signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Anomaly detection in video sequences: A benchmark and computational model
Authors: Wan Boyang , Jiang Wenhui , Fang Yuming , Luo Zhiyuan , Ding Guanqun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnomaly detection has attracted considerable search attention. However, existing anomaly detection databases encounter two major problems. Firstly, they are limited in scale. Secondly, training sets contain only video‐level labels indicating the existence of an abnormal event during the full video while lacking annotations of precise time durations. To tackle these problems, we contribute a new Large‐scale Anomaly Detection (LAD) database as the benchmark for anomaly detection in video sequences, which is featured in two aspects. 1) It contains 2000 video sequences including normal and abnormal video clips with 14 anomaly categories including crash, fire, violence etc. with large scene varieties, making it the largest anomaly analysis database to date. 2) It provides the annotation data, including video‐level labels (abnormal/normal video, anomaly type) and frame‐level labels (abnormal/normal video frame) to facilitate anomaly detection. Leveraging the above benefits from the LAD database, we further formulate anomaly detection as a fully supervised learning problem and propose a multi‐task deep neural network to solve it. We firstly obtain the local spatiotemporal contextual feature by using an Inflated 3D convolutional (I3D) network. Then we construct a recurrent convolutional neural network fed the local spatiotemporal contextual feature to extract the spatiotemporal contextual feature. With the global spatiotemporal contextual feature, the anomaly type and score can be computed simultaneously by a multi‐task neural network. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art anomaly detection methods on our database and other public databases of anomaly detection. Supplementary materials are available at http://sim.jxufe.cn/JDMKL/ymfang/anomaly‐detection.html.
Experimental investigation of a triple pontoon wave energy converter and breakwater hybrid system
Authors: Peng Wei , Zhang Yingnan , Zou Qingping , Yang Xueer , Liu Yanjun , Zhang Jisheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel hybrid wave energy converter (WEC)‐floating breakwater system consisting of three floating pontoons with power take‐off (PTO) modules is developed to extract wave energy from heave motion and attenuate waves to protect the coast. Unlike previous studies of this subject, the present three pontoons are in close proximity so that they may share the same foundation to reduce the cost further and both pontoons with step change drafts and same drafts are investigated. A systematic experimental study was carried out in a wave flume to examine the hydrodynamic characteristics of the hybrid system under regular waves. The experimental results are used to assess the influences of the WEC‐breakwater integration and the configuration of pontoons on the hydrodynamic performance of the hybrid system as a WEC and a breakwater. It was found that the integration of multiple energy‐extracting pontoons is robust in smoothing out the power output fluctuations, and the floating pontoons with same drafts gave arise to higher energy conversion efficiency while the floating pontoons with step change drafts are more effective in attenuating wave energy. A parametric analysis is able to identify the balanced performance of the system as a WEC and a breakwater.
Harmonic electron-cyclotron maser emissions driven by energetic electrons of the horseshoe distribution with application to solar radio spikes
Authors: Ning Hao , Chen Yao , Ni Sulan , Li Chuanyang , Zhang Zilong , Kong Xiangliang , Yousefzadeh Mehdi 
Published: May 2021

Context. Electron-cyclotron maser emission (ECME) is the favored mechanism for solar radio spikes and has been investigated extensively since the 1980s. Most studies relevant to solar spikes employ a loss-cone-type distribution of energetic electrons, generating waves mainly in the fundamental X/O mode (X1/O1), with a ratio of plasma oscillation frequency to electron gyrofrequency (ωpe/Ωce) lower than 1. Despite the great progress made in this theory, one major problem is how the fundamental emissions pass through the second-harmonic absorption layer in the corona and escape. This is generally known as the escaping difficulty of the theory.
Aims. We study the harmonic emissions generated by ECME driven by energetic electrons with the horseshoe distribution to solve the escaping difficulty of ECME for solar spikes.
Methods. We performed a fully kinetic electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation with ωpe/Ωce = 0.1, corresponding to the strongly magnetized plasma conditions in the flare region, with energetic electrons characterized by the horseshoe distribution. We also varied the density ratio of energetic electrons to total electrons (ne/n0) in the simulation. To analyze the simulation result, we performed a fast Fourier transform analysis on the fields data.
Results. We obtain efficient amplification of waves in Z and X2 modes, with a relatively weak growth of O1 and X3. With a higher-density ratio, the X2 emission becomes more intense, and the rate of energy conversion from energetic electrons into X2 modes can reach ∼0.06% and 0.17%, with ne/n0 = 5% and 10%, respectively.
Conclusions. We find that the horseshoe-driven ECME can lead to an efficient excitation of X2 and X3 with a low value of ωpe/Ωce, providing novel means for resolving the escaping difficulty of ECME when applied to solar radio spikes. The simultaneous growth of X2 and X3 can be used to explain some harmonic structures observed in solar spikes.
Safety and efficacy of biodegradable stents in octogenarian patients with esophageal achalasia
Authors: Hernandez-Mondragon Oscar , Contreras Luis Garcia , Pineda Omar Michel , Blanco-Velasco Geraro , Murcio-Pérez Enrique 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds and study aims Treatment of octogenarian patients with achalasia with conventional treatments is effective but with compromised safety. Biodegradable stents (BS) are promising. We aimed to evaluate their safety, efficacy and clinical outcomes at early, mid and long-term in this population.
Patients and methods Naïve or previously-treated achalasic octogenarian patients underwent to BS placement (BSP) between December, 2010 and November, 2011, and were followed-up for 9-years. A strict follow-up was performed.
Results Thirty-two patients were included, (17 men [53.1 %]; median age 82 years [78–92]). BSP was performed in all patients. At 9y, 18/32 (56.2 %) completed protocol. Mean BSP time was 37.5±12.1 min and 34.4 % presented thoracic pain. At 1 m, six BS were migrated (18.7 %), requiring a second BSP fixed with hemoclips. At 3 m, twenty-three (72.8 %) completed degradation process. At 6 m, eighteen (56.2 %) presented clinical dysphagia, of whom 5/32 (15.6 %) presented stenotic-tissue hyperplasia, responding to balloon dilation in all cases. Pre-BSP Eckardt, Timed barium esophagram and integrated relaxation pressure improved post-BSP 6 m values (9 vs 2, p = 0.001; < 50 % = 93.8 % vs > 80 % = 81.5 %, p = 0.003 and 18.8 ± 3.2 vs 11.1 ± 2.6 mmHg, p = 0.001, respectively), and there were no significant changes up to 9y post-BSP. Esophagitis grade A or B was presented between 4.7 % to 11.2 % and controlled with PPI. After 9 years we had clinical success rates of 94.4 %, 72 %, and 65.4 % for time point evaluation, per protocol and intention to treat analysis, respectively.
Conclusions BSP represents a feasible alternative option in octogenarian patients with achalasia who are high risk with other treatments, presenting acceptable early, mid-, and long-term outcomes.
Aspiration Formation and Ecological Shocks in Rural Kenya
Authors: Tabe-Ojong Martin Paul , Heckelei Thomas , Baylis Kathy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAspirations have been shown to affect households’ decisions around productive investments, but little work explores how aspirations are formed or eroded, especially in the face of ecological threats. While ecological threats may erode social and economic capital, there is no consensus on their effect on internal factors such as aspirations. We use the spread of three invasive species as our measure of ecological stressors and shocks. While all three reduce productivity, two of these invasives are slow-moving, and one fast: Parthenium, Prosopis, and Fall Armyworm (FAW), respectively. We ask how exposure to these stressors and shocks affect aspirations about income, assets, livestock, social status, and education as well as an aspirations index. Employing primary data on 530 smallholder households in northern Kenya, we find that ecological stressors, specifically, Prosopis, are correlated with lower aspirations. The effect of ecological stressors on wealth is the mechanism through which this happens. Our findings offer suggestive evidence of the concept of the ‘capacity to aspire’ which hinges on one’s material endowment and relates to the future-oriented logic of development.
Understanding the Aspirations of Farming Communities in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Nandi Ravi , Nedumaran Swamikannu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study surveys the panorama of research on the importance of aspirations of farming communities, identifies research gaps and prospects for future research. The analysis of 22 studies identified from 419 research articles sheds light on the relationships between aspirations, agriculture, women’s empowerment, poverty, and rural youth. Aspirations of the rural poor play a significant role in shaping their activities and investments. Furthermore, the poor and those who are exposed to natural disasters are more likely suffering from aspiration failure and their resilience needs to be built. Specifically, women’s empowerment could be supported through raising aspirations. In addition, intergenerational aspirations and corresponding investment plans in agriculture are in absolute contrast and parental desires and their children’s aspirations do not align. Overall, development program-specific research is needed to determine policies and programs that successfully and cost-effectively raise the rural poor's aspirations and thereby improve livelihoods in developing countries.
Populism as a ‘corrective’ to trade agreements? ‘America First’ and the readjustment of NAFTA
Authors: Csehi Robert , Heldt Eugenia C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe past few years have seen an upsurge in populist politics around the globe. Yet, its potential impact on the liberal international order has been analyzed mainly from a discursive perspective, and much less is known about actual policy implications. Adopting an ideational approach to populism and taking the case of the NAFTA renegotiation process as a building block in the liberal economic order, this article studies the populist imprints of the revised agreement. First, we demonstrate how the populist division of society between ‘the corrupt elite’ and ‘the honest people’ and the emphasis on popular sovereignty were used as narrative frames in criticizing NAFTA. In a second step, through selected provisions, we show how alterations to NAFTA are considered as ‘populist corrections’ to guarantee greater representation for ‘the people’ and better safeguards for popular sovereignty under the USMCA. The article concludes with a discussion of potential implications for global trade.
Analytical Modeling and Performance Analysis of Surface Potential for Junctionless MOSFET
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Vashishath Munish , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The advancement in semiconductor technology requires small devices with low power consumption. This paper presents an analytical modeling of surface potential for junctionless MOSFET. Parabolic approximation is utilized to find out the surface potential. The effect of device parameter variation on surface potential and electric field has been studied. The variation in gate work function has been investigated for surface potential. Moreover, the consequence of variations in device parameters like drain bias, gate length ratio, radius of silicon pillar and doping concentration are also inspected. It is found that present device shows an excellent behaviour for future VLSI chips. The analytical results are matched with the TCAD results which validates the model.
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC): A Survey
Authors: Bansal Malti , Harsh  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Today’s modern machines are designed to process real time problems and to do so designers try to make them more performance efficient but while doing this, the complexity of design also increases. So, to maintain a balance between both we have to manage this complexity. Now, a question arises how can we do this? The answer resides in our own life. For instance, when we have a complex task to do, we often break it down into simpler sub-tasks and then work upon them individually. How well we are able to do this depends upon the efficiency of our brain. Same analogy we can apply to design processor architecture. To further improve the efficiency, RISC methodology can be proven to be a prominent choice. The RISC is a design methodology which plays an important part in modern embedded systems. From our day-to-day applications like mobile phones to some of the world’s fastest supercomputers like FUGAKU, all are based on RISC architecture. With the advancements in the scaling field and reduction in the price of the ICs, the market starts filling with the RISC based processor. This paper is focused on providing a basic idea about RISC Architecture based processor design and laying out a path that one can follow to design their own RISC processor. Also, Power outages in ICs are the major problem in the VLSI industry so various techniques and methods are also discussed that can be used for optimizing power and improving speed. Some of the major applications are also discussed which provide an idea about the extent of applications, RISC based architecture can be designed.
Crop price prediction using supervised machine learning algorithms
Authors: Dhanapal Ranjani , AjanRaj A , Balavinayagapragathish S , Balaji J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Our target is focused largely on agriculture. In agriculture, farmers play the most important role. When the price falls after the harvest, farmers face immense losses. A country’s GDP is affected by the price fluctuations of agricultural products. Crop price estimation and evaluation are done to take an intelligent decision before farming a specific type of crop. Predicting the price of a crop will help in taking better decisions which results in minimizing the loss and managing the risk of price fluctuations. In this paper, we predicted the price of different crops by analyzing the previous rainfall and WPI data. We used the decision tree regressor (Supervised machine learning algorithm) to analyze the previous data and predict the price for the latest data and estimate the price for the twelve months to come.
MEMS Multi Sensor Intelligent Damage Detection for Wind Turbines by Using IOT
Authors: Majidha Fathima K M , Raj R Sharan , Rahul Prasad K , Guru Balan S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Maintenance and monitoring of wind turbines have become a promising challenge for large dimension turbines. Even a small damage can result in integrity of the system. This paper gives a solution using nondestructive SHM technique to recognize the damages of turbine along with the difference in the properties before and after damage. The information obtained from the sensor helps in robust reading of condition of the blades and produces alarm sound at the stage of severe damage.