bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-unit modular wind farm for areas of low wind potential
Authors: Dorjiev S S , Bazarova E G , Rosenblum M I , Morenko K S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Many dispersed sites are remote from the power grid in agriculture. The centralized power supply of these objects with electric energy from the power grid is unprofitable. During the year, tests were conducted in full-scale conditions of wind power plants with different parameters under conditions of power shortage. The article proposes the development of a multi-unit wind power plant with an additive block, where the energy from multiple winds receiving devices is summed. The article shows that the wind turbine operates in a stable mode in an extended range of wind speeds of 4500 hours per year and generates rated power even in conditions of power shortage due to energy storage and operation of the wind turbines with different parameters. It is two times longer than the power of the wind turbine with separate generators during the year. Studies have shown that at low wind speeds of 4-5 m/s, a 1 kW wind power plant generates up to 840 W at wind speeds of 4-6 m/s, the efficiency of a multi-unit wind power plant is 4 times higher than the overall efficiency of individual wind power plants operating on their own generators.
Detection of damage sites on overhead power lines with a voltage of 110 kV or higher
Authors: Kuryanov V N , Kul’kov V G , Skopova E M , Firsov Yu V , Norov D S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to problems in the electric grid complex related to ageing of components of power lines, reduction of reliability and increase the number of failures. It shows the need of development of scientific and methodical bases of perfection of management and organization of the system of technical maintenance and repair of equipment in power network systems, taking into account the current state of development of the power industry. Problems of disconnections of high-voltage power lines occur periodically in many countries and the search for options for their early elimination or pre-termination is a very urgent task. Researching and developing methods and devices for early detection of fault locations will minimize the time for troubleshooting and thus reduce downtime and economic losses for all parties, both the grids organization and the electricity consumer. The paper presents the results of research and development of devices used to detect places of power line damage in the conditions of “digital transformation” of the energy complex. The implementation of the developed proposals will have a positive impact on reducing losses from under-supply of electricity and will reduce the time for identifying fault locations associated with determining the locations of short-circuit currents.
Modeling of the cooling process of long pipelines for transportation of liquid hydrogen
Authors: Kalyadin O V , Sergeev A V , Grebennikov A A , Lopatin A Yu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A simplified model of cooling long insulated pipelines with liquid hydrogen flowing through them has been developed. The model allows us to determine the flow parameters at different points in time and to estimate the pipeline cooling time. When developing the model, the following assumptions were made: the linear velocities of the liquid and vapor are equal, the phases are in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, the dependencies obtained for a single-phase flow are applicable to determine the friction coefficient of a two-phase flow. Based on the model, an automated algorithm for calculating the cooling process of a long pipeline with cryogenic components was developed. It allows us to obtain data for plotting the temperature fields of the pipeline walls and the flow of the transported cryogenic liquid at different times, as well as to determine the cooling time of the pipeline and the moment of the onset of a stationary single-phase flow. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Digital twin for smart electricity distribution networks
Authors: Podvalny S L , Vasiljev E M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of composing a digital model of critical states of the power distribution network with intelligent control. A specific example of a power network with thirty transformer substations connected by main and reserve cables is discussed. The analysis of critical events occurring in the power system was carried out, and a set of decision rules was formed to counter these events. A practical need was noted for regular updating and expansion of the list of critical events and corresponding parrying rules. It is shown that it is expedient to use faceted active neural networks with a structure similar to that of the controlled object as a digital twin model of intelligent control of the system under consideration. The use of such neural networks based on the rule “one event - one ensemble of neurons” provides the digital duplicate model with the ability to unlimited cumulative expansion, similar to the evolutionary property of natural biological systems.
Challenges and opportunities to develop enediyne natural products as payloads for antibody-drug conjugates
Authors: Adhikari Ajeeth , Shen Ben , Rader Christoph 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Calicheamicin, the payload of the antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs) gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) and inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa®), belongs to the class of enediyne natural products. Since the isolation and structural determination of the neocarzinostatin chromophore in 1985, the enediynes have attracted considerable attention for their value as DNA damaging agents in cancer chemotherapy. Due to their non-discriminatory cytotoxicity towards both cancer and healthy cells, the clinical utilization of enediyne natural products relies on conjugation to an appropriate delivery system, such as an antibody. Here, we review the current landscape of enediynes as payloads of first-generation and next-generation ADCs.
In Vitro Evaluation of Common Antimicrobial Solutions Used for Breast Implant Soaking and Breast Pocket Irrigation—Part 2: Efficacy Against Biofilm-Associated Bacteria
Authors: Jewell Mark L , Bionda Nina , Moran Alison V , Bevels Elizabeth J , Jewell Hillary L , Hariri Sara , Leung Braden K 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiofilm-associated bacteria have been observed in both breast implant revision and tissue expander-implant exchange surgeries. The utilization of antimicrobial solutions in breast surgery, especially those containing triple antibiotics (TAB) and/or 10% povidone-iodine (PI), may help reduce existing biofilm-associated bacteria, which is particularly important in a mature breast pocket that may contain residual bacteria from a previously colonized implant surface or, theoretically, bacteria that may arrive postoperatively through hematogenous spread.ObjectivesA series of in vitro assessments was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial utility of TAB and PI, either alone or in combination, against preformed biofilm-associated bacteria.MethodsPreformed biofilm-associated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains were exposed to TAB and PI ± TAB for up to 30 minutes in a bacterial time-kill assay. Efficacy of various dilutions of PI and the effects of serum protein on PI efficacy were also investigated.ResultsTAB was ineffective at the timeframes tested when utilized alone; when utilized in conjunction with PI, significant log reduction of all biofilm-associated bacterial species tested was achieved when treated for at least 5 minutes. PI alone at a concentration of 25% or higher was also effective, although its efficacy was negatively affected by increasing serum protein concentration only for Staphylococcus epidermidis.ConclusionsOur data indicate that PI-containing solutions significantly reduce biofilm-associated bacteria, suggesting potential utility for breast pocket irrigation during revision or exchange surgeries. Care should be taken to minimize excessive dilution of PI to maintain efficacy.
2021 ISHNE / HRS / EHRA / APHRS Collaborative Statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals
Authors: Varma Niraj , Cygankiewicz Iwona , Turakhia Mintu , Heidbuchel Hein , Hu Yufeng , Chen Lin Yee , Couderc Jean-Philippe , Cronin Edmond M , Estep Jerry D , Grieten Lars , Lane Deirdre A , Mehra Reena , Page Alex , Passman Rod , Piccini Jonathan , Piotrowicz Ewa , Piotrowicz Ryszard , Platonov Pyotr G , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz , Rich Robert E , Russo Andrea M , Slotwiner David , Steinberg Jonathan S , Svennberg Emma 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This collaborative statement from the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology / Heart Rhythm Society / European Heart Rhythm Association / Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society describes the current status of mobile health (“mHealth”) technologies in arrhythmia management. The range of digital medical tools and heart rhythm disorders that they may be applied to and clinical decisions that may be enabled are discussed. The facilitation of comorbidity and lifestyle management (increasingly recognized to play a role in heart rhythm disorders) and patient self-management are novel aspects of mHealth. The promises of predictive analytics but also operational challenges in embedding mHealth into routine clinical care are explored.
Pre-operative heart failure worsens outcome after aortic valve replacement irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Thilén Maria , James Stefan , Ståhle Elisabeth , Lindhagen Lars , Christersson Christina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) affects the outcome of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in aortic stenosis (AS). The study aim was to investigate the prognostic importance of concomitant cardiovascular disease in relation to pre-operative LVEF.

Methods and results
All adult patients undergoing AVR due to AS 2008–14 in a national register for heart diseases were included. All-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure during follow-up after AVR, stratified by preserved or reduced LVEF (≤50%), were derived from national patient registers and analysed by Cox regression. During the study period, 10 406 patients, median age 73 years, a median follow-up of 35 months were identified. Preserved LVEF was present in 7512 (72.2%). Among them, 647 (8.6%) had a history of heart failure (HF) and 1099 (14.6%) atrial fibrillation (AF) before the intervention. Pre-operative HF was associated with higher mortality irrespective of preserved or reduced LVEF: hazard ratio (HR) 1.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–1.99] and 1.58 (95% CI 1.30–1.92). Prior AF was associated with a higher risk of mortality in patients with preserved but not in those with reduced LVEF: HR 1.62 (95% CI 1.36–1.92) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.86–1.28). Irrespective of LVEF, pre-operative HF and AF were associated with an increased risk of post-operative heart failure hospitalization.

Conclusion
In patients planned for AVR, a history of HF or AF, irrespective of LVEF, worsens the post-operative prognosis. Heart failure and AF can be seen as markers of myocardial fibrosis not necessarily discovered by LVEF and the merely use of it, besides symptoms, for the timing of AVR seems suboptimal.
High heart rate amplifies the risk of cardiovascular mortality associated with elevated uric acid
Authors: Palatini Paolo , Parati Gianfranco , Virdis Agostino , Reboldi Gianpaolo , Masi Stefano , Mengozzi Alessandro , Casiglia Edoardo , Tikhonoff Valerie , Cicero Arrigo F G , Ungar Andrea , Rivasi Giulia , Salvetti Massimo , Barbagallo Carlo M , Bombelli Michele , Dell’Oro Raffaella , Bruno Berardino , Lippa Luciano , D’Elia Lanfranco , Verdecchia Paolo , Angeli Fabio , Mallamaci Francesca , Cirillo Massimo , Rattazzi Marcello , Cirillo Pietro , Gesualdo Loreto , Mazza Alberto , Giannattasio Cristina , Maloberti Alessandro , Volpe Massimo , Tocci Giuliano , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Iaccarino Guido , Nazzaro Pietro , Galletti Ferruccio , Ferri Claudio , Desideri Giovambattista , Viazzi Francesca , Pontremoli Roberto , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Grassi Guido , Borghi Claudio ,   from the Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA)
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims Whether the association between uric acid (UA) and cardiovascular disease is influenced by some facilitating factors is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the risk of cardiovascular mortality (CVM) associated with elevated UA was modulated by the level of resting heart rate (HR).Methods and results Multivariable Cox analyses were made in 19 128 participants from the multicentre Uric acid Right for heArt Health study. During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, there were 1381 cases of CVM. In multivariable Cox models both UA and HR, either considered as continuous or categorical variables were independent predictors of CVM both improving risk discrimination (P ≤ 0.003) and reclassification (P &lt; 0.0001) over a multivariable model. However, the risk of CVM related to high UA (≥5.5 mg/dL, top tertile) was much lower in the subjects with HR &lt;median [71.3 b.p.m., adjusted hazard ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.59] than in those with HR ≥median [2.09 (95% CI 1.75–2.51)]. In the participants stratified by HR tertile, the risk related to hyperuricaemia was 2.38 (95% CI 1.82–3.10) in people with HR ≥76 b.p.m. and was 1.24 (95% CI 0.92–1.67) in those with HR &lt;66 b.p.m. Similar results were obtained in the hypertensive patients, in the participants ≥65 years, and in the subjects not taking beta-blockers.Conclusion This data suggest that the contribution of UA to determining CVM is modulated by the level of HR supporting the hypothesis that activation of the sympathetic nervous system facilitates the action of UA as a cardiovascular risk factor.
MAD and Taboo: US Expert Views on Nuclear Deterrence, Coercion, and Non-Use Norms
Authors: Avey Paul C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research note reports views on nuclear deterrence, coercion, and non-use norms from surveys of 320 current and former US national security officials and 1,303 US-based international relations scholars. It finds that both groups hold relatively optimistic views on these key issues. Majorities express confidence that nuclear weapons are useful for deterrence, but are skeptical that a nuclear arsenal can translate into coercive foreign policy success. Respondents are also confident that the nuclear taboo constrains countries from using nuclear weapons in a first strike, but the intensity varies by the country in question. Although limited, the results demonstrate overlap between academics and policymakers on key nuclear concepts. To the extent that experts hold these topline nuclear views that can influence their decision-making, teaching, and research. The results also point to a common tension in thinking about deterrence against conventional attack and norms constraining nuclear first use.
Transcriptome annotation in the cloud: complexity, best practices, and cost
Authors: Alvarez Roberto Vera , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo , Landsman David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The NIH Science and Technology Research Infrastructure for Discovery, Experimentation, and Sustainability (STRIDES) initiative provides NIH-funded researchers cost-effective access to commercial cloud providers, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). These cloud providers represent an alternative for the execution of large computational biology experiments like transcriptome annotation, which is a complex analytical process that requires the interrogation of multiple biological databases with several advanced computational tools. The core components of annotation pipelines published since 2012 are BLAST sequence alignments using annotated databases of both nucleotide or protein sequences almost exclusively with networked on-premises compute systems.

Findings
We compare multiple BLAST sequence alignments using AWS and GCP. We prepared several Jupyter Notebooks with all the code required to submit computing jobs to the batch system on each cloud provider. We consider the consequence of the number of query transcripts in input files and the effect on cost and processing time. We tested compute instances with 16, 32, and 64 vCPUs on each cloud provider. Four classes of timing results were collected: the total run time, the time for transferring the BLAST databases to the instance local solid-state disk drive, the time to execute the CWL script, and the time for the creation, set-up, and release of an instance. This study aims to establish an estimate of the cost and compute time needed for the execution of multiple BLAST runs in a cloud environment.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that public cloud providers are a practical alternative for the execution of advanced computational biology experiments at low cost. Using our cloud recipes, the BLAST alignments required to annotate a transcriptome with ∼500,000 transcripts can be processed in &lt;2 hours with a compute cost of ∼$200–$250. In our opinion, for BLAST-based workflows, the choice of cloud platform is not dependent on the workflow but, rather, on the specific details and requirements of the cloud provider. These choices include the accessibility for institutional use, the technical knowledge required for effective use of the platform services, and the availability of open source frameworks such as APIs to deploy the workflow.
Hair Analysis of Methoxphenidine in a Forensic Chemsex Case
Authors: Goncalves Ruben , Castaing Nadege , Titier Karine , Dumestre-Toulet Véronique 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Methoxphenidine (MXP, 2-MeO-diphenidine) is a dissociative anesthetic drug of the diarylethylamine type, recently introduced for recreational purposes through the online-based sale of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). The concentration of MXP in hair has never been reported, either in cases of chemsex use or in fatal cases. A 55-year-old man was found dead at his home the morning after a chemsex party. Toxicological analyses indicated high concentrations of MXP in femoral blood (606 µg/L), cardiac blood (254 µg/L) and hair (13 ng/mg). We also identified 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) in femoral blood (traces) and urine (238 µg/L). The concentrations of all other drugs were consistent with living subjects. This case highlights the risk of MXP poisoning in the context of chemsex and emphasizes the importance of including NPS in postmortem toxicology examinations.
Seizure activity and anion gap metabolic acidosis secondary to adverse effect of nalidixic acid—a case report
Authors: Galvin Michael , Al Qaisy Mohammad Saleh , Cajazeiro Junia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nalidixic acid is a commonly prescribed treatment for suspected dysentery in Middle Eastern populations. We describe a case of convulsions resulting from a single dose of nalidixic acid in a previously healthy two-month-old child in Northern Iraq who was being treated for a diarrhoeal illness. The child presented to us with new onset seizures, irritability, and acidaemia. Nalidixic acid was thought to be responsible after the exclusion of other potential causes of seizures. Symptoms resolved by treatment with intravenous (IV) diazepam, and cessation of nalidixic acid, and the child recovered fully and was discharged home neurologically intact after two days of observation. In regions where it is commonly prescribed, such as Northern Iraq, nalidixic acid should be considered as a cause of convulsions in any seizing child who has been exposed to the drug. Furthermore, quinolones such as nalidixic acid are contraindicated in children &lt; 3 months of age.
Simulation study on the effects of diffractive collisions on the prediction of the observables in ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray experiments
Authors: Ohashi Ken , Menjo Hiroaki , Itow Yoshitaka , Sako Takashi , Kasahara Katsuaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is important for understanding their origin. Owing to our limited knowledge of the hadronic interaction, the interpretations of the mass composition from observations include several open problems, such as the inconsistent interpretations of $\langle X_{\mathrm{max}}\rangle $ and $\langle X_{\mathrm{max}}^{\mu}\rangle $. Furthermore, a large difference between the predictions exists in the hadronic interaction models. Diffractive collision is one of the proposed sources of the uncertainty. In this paper, we discuss the effect of the detailed characteristics of diffractive collisions on the observables of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray experiments, focusing on three detailed characteristics. These are the cross-sectional fractions of different collision types, the diffractive-mass spectrum, and diffractive-mass-dependent particle production from the diffractive dissociation system. We demonstrate that the current level of uncertainty in the cross-sectional fraction can affect $\langle X_{\mathrm{max}}\rangle $ by 8.9 $\mathrm{g/cm^2}$ and $\langle X_{\mathrm{max}}^{\mu}\rangle $ by 9.4 $\mathrm{g/cm^2}$, whereas the other details of diffractive collisions exhibit relatively minor effects.
Single-Stage Versus 2-Stage Bilateral Intramedullary Nail Fixation in Patients With Bilateral Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Retrospective Review
Authors: Flagstad Ilexa R. , Tatman Lauren M. , Heare Austin , Parikh Harsh R. , Albersheim Melissa , Atchison Jared , Breslin Mary , Davis Patrick , Feinstein Shawn , Hak David J. , Labrum Joseph T. , Lufrano Reuben C. , Lund Erik A. , Connelly Daniel , Matar Robert N. , Nadeau Jason , Ries de Chaffin Danielle , Rodriguez-Buitrago Andres F. , Schmidt Tegan , Shaw Nichole , Simske Natasha , Siy Alexander B. , Titter Julie , Vang Sandy , Wagstrom Emily , Westberg Jerald R. , Hahn Jesse , Mauffrey Cyril , Mir Hassan R. , O'Toole Robert V. , Obremskey William T. , Sanders Roy W. , Schmidt Andrew H. , Vallier Heather A. , Whiting Paul S. , Cunningham Brian P. 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To evaluate rates of complications in patients with bilateral femur fractures treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN) during either 1 single procedure or 2 separate procedures.

Design:
A multicenter retrospective review of patients sustaining bilateral femur fractures, treated with IMN in single or 2-stage procedure, from 1998 to 2018 was performed at 10 Level-1 trauma centers.

Setting:
Ten Level-1 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Two hundred forty-six patients with bilateral femur fractures.

Interventions:
Intramedullary nailing.

Main Outcome Measures:
Incidence of complications.

Results:
A total of 246 patients were included, with 188 single-stage and 58 two-stage patients. Gender, age, injury severity score, abbreviated injury score, secondary injuries, Glasgow coma scale, and proportion of open fractures were similar between both groups. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred at higher rates in the 2-stage group (13.8% vs. 5.9%; P value = 0.05). When further adjusted for age, gender, injury severity score, abbreviated injury score, Glasgow coma scale, and admission lactate, the single-stage group had a 78% reduced risk for ARDS. In-hospital mortality was higher in the single-stage cohort (2.7% compared with 0%), although this did not meet statistical significance (P = 0.22).

Conclusions:
This is the largest multicenter study to date evaluating the outcomes between single- and 2-stage IMN fixation for bilateral femoral shaft fractures. Single-stage bilateral femur IMN may decrease rates of ARDS in polytrauma patients who are able to undergo simultaneous definitive fixation. However, a future prospective study with standardized protocols in place will be required to discern whether single- versus 2-stage fixation has an effect on mortality and to identify those individuals at risk.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.