bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Covid-19 on Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Naveen , Joshi Priyanka , Gupta Pawan Kumar , Shukla Parjanya Kumar , Archna . 
Published: December 2021

Aim of Object: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the entire world is experiencing a mortality situation; most people are battling against the corona virus, but some individuals have already suffered from cardiovascular problems.
For improved patient care, adequate information and comprehension of the relationship between cardiovascular disorders and COVID-19 is required. The dominant clinical manifestations of the corona virus infection are on the respiratory system. In this instance, the acute cardiac injury is the most often reported cardiac abnormality, in which the degree of cardiac output is increased, troponin levels rise, and mostly it is found in about 8% to 12% of patients. The involvement of viral cardiomyocytes and systemic inflammation is the most prevalent mechanism for cardiac damage. The corona virus attaches itself and enters through angiotensin converting enzyme-II.
Discussion and Conclusion: Recent articles on COVID-19 have revealed nothing regarding these individuals' cardiac vascular manifestations. This is a critical component of all that has a big influence on COVID-19 patients' cardiovascular systems. To fully comprehend the method and effects, more study is required.
To Compare Mean Time Taken for Tracheal Intubation with Airtraq Versus Macintosh Laryngoscope in Elective Surgeries: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Nadeem Kenza , Zahoor Naila , Tabassum Rabia , Kashmiri Ziauddin , Arshad Muneeba , Mughal Tariq Hussain 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To compare mean time taken for tracheal intubation with Airtraq versus Macintosh laryngoscope in elective surgeries.
Study Design: This is a Randomized control trial (RCT) study.
Setting: Study carried out at Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Pain Management, Clinic, Dow University of Health Sciences and Dr. Ruth Pfau Hospital Karachi, from June 2016 to November 2016.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients divided 30 in each group randomly i.e. Macintosh laryngoscope Group A and Airtraq laryngoscope Group B who scheduled for elective surgery and fulfill the inclusion criteria. All patients were received intravenous glycopyrolate 0.2 mg, tramadol 2 mg/kg, and midazolam 0.03 mg/kg 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia. Induction was done with propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg, minimum 3 minutes were given to maximum effect of muscle relaxant. Time taken to intubate the trachea were noted in seconds and entered into the predesigned proforma.
Results: The analysis included data on all the patients between 18 to 50 years of age who scheduled for elective surgery during the study period after applying the exclusion criteria. Mean ± SD of age in group A were 36.85±8.47 years and in group B were 37.49±9.32 years. In Gender distribution of group A 11 (36%) were male and 19 (64%) were female and in group B the distribution of male and female were 8 (27%) and 22 (73%) respectively. By comparing both the groups for time taken in tracheal intubation in seconds Mean ± SD of group A was 35±7.8 and in group B was 21±4.2 and P value found to be highly significant i.e. (0.0001).
Conclusion: It is to be concluded that Airtraq laryngoscope is more effective instrument than Macintosh Laryngoscope for use in routine airway management and duration of successful tracheal intubation was shorter in the Airtraq group.
Case Report on Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip
Authors: Shambharkar Madhuri , Udan Ragini , Swarkar Achita , Khandar Jaya , Sakharkar Sheetal , Tembhare Vaishali 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Lip cancers are the most prevalent oral-maxillary malignancy. Lip cancer can be caused by a number of things, including smoking, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, and drinking alcohol [1] In this article we report a case of lower lip squamous cell carcinoma in a 59 year old male patient who smoked heavily and had a history of direct sun exposure, and uv rays. His case report is important attributable to recurrent axillary metastases occurred after subsequent treatment.
Clinical Findings: The patient chief complaint is burning sensation on consumption of hot & spicy food since 3 months, apraxia, difficulty in mastication since 2 months approximately & nerve parenthesis in lower lip.
Diagnostic Evaluation: Hemoglobin (HB) -13.2gm,mch-27.9fl,mchc-33.3%, Total red blood cell (RBC) count-4.72million/cu.mm Rdw- 12.7%, Total white blood cell (WBC) count- 16500cu.mm, Monocytes -4%, Granulocytes- 85%, Lymphocytes -10%, Esonophils-2%, Basophilis-0%, Total platelet count-2.68 cu. mm.
Histopathology report: A multiple, irregular, reddish, brownish tissue pieces aggregating 1×1cm. selection from given tissue piece shows histopathological features are suggestive of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Therapeutic Intervention: post-chemo hydration, post-chemo drugs, BEP Chemotherapy (Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin).
Summary and Conclusions: The patient who was a 59 years old male was admitted to the oral surgery ward. The patient was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and he had complained of having burning sensation on consumption of hot & spicy food over the preceding 3 months, apraxia and difficulty in mastication, over a period of about 2 months, and nerve paresthesia within his lower lip. He underwent mandibulectomy with excision of the tumour. Following radical mandibulectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient has remained well with no evidence of metastasis at his 4 months follow-up based upon clinical assessment and radiology imaging which does illustrate that radical surgery, plus chemo-radiation for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma has been shown to be associated with a good short-term outcome and after further follow-up assessments, the long-term outcome of radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy would be known.
Strain‐Insensitive Self‐Powered Tactile Sensor Arrays Based on Intrinsically Stretchable and Patternable Ultrathin Conformal Wrinkled Graphene‐Elastomer Composite
Authors: He Jiang , Zhou Runhui , Zhang Yufei , Gao Wenchao , Chen Tao , Mai Wenjie , Pan Caofeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTissue‐like intrinsically stretchable electronics have attracted ever‐increasing study attention in recent years as they can form intimate interfaces with skin, endowing devices monitoring tactile and physiological signals with the negligibly constraining movement of the human body. However, harsh mechanical deformation inevitably leads to degradation of or even destroys the electronic properties of the devices. Strain‐insensitive self‐powered triboelectric tactile sensor arrays based on wafer‐scale patterned and intrinsically stretchable nanoscale thin conformal wrinkled graphene‐elastomer composite material are demonstrated here. By regulating the wrinkle structure of the composite, the stretchability performance of the material can be optimized. The fabrication process of the composite can be readily incorporated into photolithography and shadow mask techniques without high temperature, annealing, etching, or organic solvents operating. An intrinsically stretchable semitransparent pressure sensor array is created, which can be stretched to 100% strain without visible signals output degradation. The theoretical modeling points out that the unique conformal wrinkle structure is the key element that attributes to the strain‐insensitive property of the device. This work offers an alternative approach for the design of novel graphene‐based strain‐insensitive stretchable soft electronic devices.
Dynamic Metal–Ligand Interaction of Synergistic Polymers for Bistable See‐Through Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Shen Ruipeng , Wang Shuo , Zhang Yu‐Mo , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBistable electrochromic materials are a promising alternative solution to reduce energy consumption in displays. Limited by the mechanism and lack of a design strategy, only a few electrochromic materials have truly been able achieve bistability. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to design bistable electrochromic materials based on polymer‐assisted dynamic metal–ligand coordination. The mechanism and materials of such unconventional electrochromic systems are proved by sufficient characterization. Synergistic stabilization of polymerized switchable dyes and the ionic ligand polymer are attracted to each other by supramolecular forces. The color states of the dye molecules are controlled and stabilized by valence changes of the metal ions. Meanwhile, through the polymerization of the electrochromic material and the nearby metal–ligand material, the metal ions of the electroinduced valence change are tightly fixed, and the related diffusion problem of the active EC component is also almost completely suppressed. This strategy successfully enables preparation of the corresponding transparent electrochromic displays with good performances, such as, the display information is clearly visible for more than 1.5 h without consuming energy. Furthermore, the new way of dynamic coordination or dissociation bistable displays could likely prosper the development of the electrochromic area and inspire other fields.
Additive‐Free, Low‐Temperature Crystallization of Stable α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite
Authors: Du Tian , Macdonald Thomas J. , Yang Ruo Xi , Li Meng , Jiang Zhongyao , Mohan Lokeshwari , Xu Weidong , Su Zhenhuang , Gao Xingyu , Whiteley Richard , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Min Ganghong , Haque Saif A. , Durrant James R. , Persson Kristin A. , McLachlan Martyn A. , Briscoe Joe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFormamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) is attractive for photovoltaic devices due to its optimal bandgap at around 1.45 eV and improved thermal stability compared with methylammonium‐based perovskites. Crystallization of phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 conventionally requires high‐temperature thermal annealing at 150 °C whilst the obtained α‐FAPbI3 is metastable at room temperature. Here, aerosol‐assisted crystallization (AAC) is reported, which converts yellow δ‐FAPbI3 into black α‐FAPbI3 at only 100 °C using precursor solutions containing only lead iodide and formamidinium iodide with no chemical additives. The obtained α‐FAPbI3 exhibits remarkably enhanced stability compared to the 150 °C annealed counterparts, in combination with improvements in film crystallinity and photoluminescence yield. Using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray scattering, and density functional theory simulation, it is identified that relaxation of residual tensile strains, achieved through the lower annealing temperature and post‐crystallization crystal growth during AAC, is the key factor that facilitates the formation of phase‐stable α‐FAPbI3. This overcomes the strain‐induced lattice expansion that is known to cause the metastability of α‐FAPbI3. Accordingly, pure FAPbI3 p–i–n solar cells are reported, facilitated by the low‐temperature (≤100 °C) AAC processing, which demonstrates increases of both power conversion efficiency and operational stability compared to devices fabricated using 150 °C annealed films.
Collagen Fiber‐Based Advanced Separation Materials: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Authors: Xiao Hanzhong , Wang Yujia , Hao Baicun , Cao Yiran , Cui Yiwen , Huang Xin , Shi Bi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeparation plays a critical role in a broad range of industrial applications. Developing advanced separation materials is of great significance for the future development of separation technology. Collagen fibers (CFs), the typical structural proteins, exhibit unique structural hierarchy, amphiphilic wettability, and versatile chemical reactivity. These distinctive properties provide infinite possibilities for the rational design of advanced separation materials. During the past 2 decades, many progressive achievements in the development of CFs‐derived advanced separation materials have been witnessed already. Herein, the CFs‐based separation materials are focused on and the recent progresses in this topic are reviewed. CFs widely existing in animal skins display unique hierarchically fibrous structure, amphiphilicity‐enabled surface wetting behaviors, multi‐functionality guaranteed covalent/non‐covalent reaction versatility. These outstanding merits of CFs bring great opportunities for realizing rational design of a variety of advanced separation materials that were capable of achieving high‐performance separations to diverse specific targets, including oily pollutants, natural products, metal ions, anionic contaminants and proteins, etc. Besides, the important issues for the further development of CFs‐based advanced separation materials are also discussed.
Surface Functionalization for Magnetic Property Tuning of Nonmagnetic 2D Materials
Authors: Reed‐Lingenfelter Serrae N. , Wang Mengjing , Williams Natalie L. , Cha Judy J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurface functionalization with organic molecules has proven effective to modulate the electronic properties of 2D materials. More recently, surface functionalization has been shown to induce magnetic behaviors in nonmagnetic 2D materials. If magnetism can be imparted to 2D materials via surface functionalization by molecules with tailored magnetic properties, it would make available the whole spectrum of 2D materials as magnetic systems, which are currently limited to a small subset of 2D materials that are intrinsically magnetic. This perspective will present experimental results and theoretical predictions of surface functionalization of 2D materials to induce magnetism. Key experimental studies on graphene, layered topological insulators, and transition metal dichalcogenides functionalized with single‐molecule magnets, adatoms, and nonmagnetic molecules will be discussed to advocate for utilizing surface functionalization to induce magnetism in 2D materials. The modulation of magnetic properties of 2D materials via surface functionalization is still in its infancy, presenting exciting opportunities for new ideas and discoveries. The perspective will conclude with the future outlook and challenges for this topic.
Review on Low‐Cost Counter Electrode Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Effective Strategy to Improve Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Wang Xiuwen , Zhao Bing , Kan Wei , Xie Ying , Pan Kai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be remarkably improved by optimizing the catalytic activity and charge transfer ability of the counter electrode (CE) materials. The attentive hotspots of CE catalysts for DSSCs are to design multifunctional materials that balance the fabrication cost, environmental friendliness, PCE, and electrochemical stability, then to achieve the substitution of the benchmark Pt. In this review, the four effective strategies are highlighted for further improving the photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs based on low‐cost CE materials, such as heteroatom‐doped materials, development of noble metal‐free chalcogenides with well‐controlled facets, construction of heterostructure, and synthesis of composites with a synergistic effect. In some typical examples, the influence of these strategies on catalytic activity, charge transfer ability, and reaction mechanism are elucidated by the theoretical calculation. Then the research opportunities and the challenges for the high‐efficiency DSSCs based on low‐cost CE materials are presented.
Architecting Nb‐TiO2−x/(Ti0.9Nb0.1)3C2Tx MXene Nanohybrid Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dai Zhiqiang , Cao Jin , Song Feng , Zhang Dongdong , Qin Jiaqian , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMXene‐based materials with excellent conductivity and stability features have attracted worldwide attention as anode of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), while the serious stacking issue and low capacity still hinder its further development in the field of energy storage. In this work, a nanohybrid architecture (Nb‐TiO2−x/MXene) is prepared with Nb‐TiO2−x particles conformally coated on the (Ti0.9Nb0.1)3C2Tx MXene via a facile annealing method, which delivers a high specific capacity of 279.2 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 and a superior capacity retention of 91.5% after 2000 cycle at 1 A g−1 as the anode material of LIBs. Importantly, the (Ti0.9Nb0.1)3C2Tx MXene layers provide sufficient active sites and open pathways as well as structural support for the reversible Li+ insertion/extraction, and the Nb‐TiO2−x particles enable reversible and fast Li+ diffusion and storage, thus leading to high‐performance and durable anode materials. This work offers a guidance for the elaborate design of MXene‐based nanostructured electrodes toward advanced energy storage devices.
Tunable Wide Range and High Sensitivity Flexible Pressure Sensors with Ordered Multilevel Microstructures
Authors: Geng Da , Chen Songyue , Chen Rui , You Yuru , Xiao Chiqian , Bai Chen , Luo Tao , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of healthcare and human‐machine interactions, there is a growing demand for flexible electronic skin to have a high sensitivity over a wide range. While current multilevel and hierarchical structures inspired by nature broadened the sensing range, the structural design still lacks systematic study. Hereby, an ordered multilevel microstructure is proposed, and the design strategy for performance regulation of piezoresistive pressure sensors is studied. Both microstructure height and spatial distribution are investigated systematically through simulation and experiments. The flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor is fabricated by combining a fast, cost‐effective laser marking technology, molding, and pneumatic spray. The fabricated sensors show high sensitivity (1.5 – 8.3 kPa−1) over a wide range (0.01 – 200 kPa), and have a detection limit of 10 Pa, a response time of below 70 ms, and a mechanical stability over 10 000 cycles. This design and fabrication strategy can be further optimized by combining advanced materials and fabrication systems, and is expected to be applicable for a wide range of flexible materials.
Dynamically Reconfigurable Bipolar Optical Gradient Force Induced by Mid‐Infrared Graphene Plasmonic Tweezers for Sorting Dispersive Nanoscale Objects
Authors: Paul Puspita , Liu Peter Q. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExisting techniques for optical trapping and manipulation of microscopic objects, such as optical tweezers and plasmonic tweezers, are mostly based on visible and near‐infrared light sources. As it is in general more difficult to confine light to a specific length scale at a longer wavelength, these optical trapping and manipulation techniques have not been extended to the mid‐infrared spectral region or beyond. Here, it is shown that by taking advantage of the fact that many materials have large permittivity dispersions in the mid‐infrared region, optical trapping and manipulation using mid‐infrared excitation can achieve additional functionalities and benefits compared to the existing techniques in the visible and near‐infrared regions. In particular, it is demonstrated that by exploiting the exceedingly high field confinement and large frequency tunability of mid‐infrared graphene plasmonics, high‐performance and versatile mid‐infrared plasmonic tweezers can be realized to selectively trap or repel nanoscale objects of different materials in a dynamically reconfigurable way. This new technique can be utilized for sorting, filtering, and fractionating nanoscale objects in a mixture.
In Situ RheoNMR Correlation of Polymer Segmental Mobility with Mechanical Properties during Hydrogel Synthesis
Authors: Fengler Christian , Keller Jonas , Ratzsch Karl‐Friedrich , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding polymer gelation over multiple length‐scales is crucial to develop advanced materials. An experimental setup is developed that combines rheological measurements with simultaneous time‐domain 1H NMR relaxometry (TD‐NMR) techniques, which are used to study molecular motion (<10 nm) in soft matter. This so‐called low‐field RheoNMR setup is used to study the impact of varying degrees of crosslinking (DC) on the gelation kinetics of acrylic acid (AAc) and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) free radical crosslinking copolymerization. A stretched exponential function describes the T2 relaxation curves throughout the gelation process. The stretching exponent β decreases from 0.90 to 0.67 as a function of increasing DC, suggesting an increase in network heterogeneity with a broad T2 distribution at higher DC. The inverse correlation of the elastic modulus G′ with T2 relaxation times reveals a pronounced molecular rigidity for higher DC at early gelation times, indicating the formation of inelastic, rigid domains such as crosslinking clusters. The authors further correlate G′ with the polymer concentration during gelation using a T1 filter for solvent suppression. A characteristic scaling exponent of 2.3 is found, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions of G′ based on the confining tube model in semi‐dilute entangled polymer solutions.
Improving the Long‐Term Stability of BPQD‐Based Memory Device via Modification with Polyvinylpyrrolidone‐Grafted Polydopamine
Authors: Che Qiang , Wang Xinzhu , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Li Guangwei , Liu Jiaxuan , Zhang Bin , Chen Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLong‐term environmental stability of electronic and optoelectronic devices is a very important concern. Both black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets and quantum dots (BPQDs) exhibit very poor environmental stability. To address this problem, a new encapsulation approach for improving long‐term stability of the BPQD‐based electronic devices, which concerns two‐step in situ polymerizations: 1) in situ polymerization of dopamine in the presence of BPQDs giving a BPQDs@PDA (PDA: polydopamine) composite; 2) in situ atom transfer radical polymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone on the BPQDs@PDA surface producing the BPQDs@PDA–PVP composite (PVP: polyvinylpyrrolidone), is developed. Both the Al/BPQDs@PDA–PVP/ITO and Al/BPQDs:PVP blends/ITO devices show excellent nonvolatile memory performance at the initial measurement stage. Interestingly, the former can only be programmed to the high conductivity state in the positive bias range, while the latter can be switched into the ON state only in the negative bias range. The different switching directions may be highly associated with the inherent electronic structural characteristics of the materials. In contrast to the BPQDs:PVP blends and/or BPQDS@PDA:PVP blend‐based electronic devices with very unstable memory performance, the memory performance of the BPQDs@PDA–PVP‐based device remains unchanged even standing for 90 d.