bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Janus Polymerization: A One‐Shot Approach towards Amphiphilic Multiblock Poly(ester‐acetal)s Directly from 1,3‐Dioxolane with ε‐Caprolactone
Authors: Qiu Huan , Shen Ting , Yang Zhening , Wu Feng , Li Xiaohong , Tu Yingfeng , Ling Jun 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryJanus polymerization consists of anionic and cationic ring opening polymerizations (AROP and CROP) at the two ends of a single propagating polymer chain, followed by a self‐triggered chain extension generating multiblock copolymers (MBCPs) in one step. In the contribution, Janus polymerization by Tm(OTf)3 or Er(OTf)3 catalyst with an epoxy initiator is applied to synthesize MBCPs of semi‐crystalline poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) blocks from coordinated AROP and poly(1,3‐dioxolane‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (P(DO‐co‐CL)) blocks from CROP of DO with CL. Meanwhile, amorphous random copolymers [P(DO‐r‐CL)] are synthesized as control by employing other rare earth triflates [RE(OTf)3, RE = Y, Nd, Gd and Lu] as catalysts or in the absence of an initiator via CROP. On account of the distinguishable chemical structures and thermal properties between Janus MBCPs and cationic random copolymers, Janus features are confirmed including the CROP and AROP at a single propagating chain. The resultant amphiphilic copolymers self‐assemble to nanoparticles in aqueous solution with designable diameters with the corresponding ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. MBCPs exhibit good shape memory properties with appropriate deformation temperature close to human body's, providing a prospect on the applications in biomedical devices.
Visible‐light‐promoted Radical Cyclization/Arylation Cascade for the Construction of α,α‐Difluoro‐γ‐Lactam‐Fused Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐Ones
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Chao , Chen Yang , Sun Jing , Wang Jing‐Yun , Zhou Ming‐Dong 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryA visible‐light‐induced tandem radical intramolecular cyclization/arylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with bromodifluoroacetamides is described. This protocol allows efficient access to a variety of valuable α,α‐difluoro‐γ‐lactam‐fused quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones in moderate to good yields under metal‐free, mild and redox neutral reaction conditions. This strategy is tolerant of various functional groups and a broad range of substrates. The mechanism experiments suggested an involvement of 5‐exo‐trig cyclization and a radical process in this transformation.
A randomized study of genetic education versus usual care in tumor profiling for advanced cancer in the ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group (EAQ152)
Authors: Bradbury Angela R. , Lee Ju‐Whei , Gaieski Jill Bennett , Li Shuli , Gareen Ilana F. , Flaherty Keith T. , Herman Benjamin A. , Domchek Susan M. , DeMichele Angela M. , Maxwell Kara N. , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Virani Shamsuddin , Park SuJung , Faller Bryan A. , Grant Stefan C. , Ramaekers Ryan C. , Behrens Robert J. , Nambudiri Gopakumar S. , Carlos Ruth C. , Wagner Lynne I. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundEnthusiasm for precision oncology may obscure the psychosocial and ethical considerations associated with the implementation of tumor genetic sequencing.MethodsPatients with advanced cancer undergoing tumor‐only genetic sequencing in the National Cancer Institute Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (MATCH) trial were randomized to a web‐based genetic education intervention or usual care. The primary outcomes were knowledge, anxiety, depression, and cancer‐specific distress collected at baseline (T0), posteducation (T1) and after results (T2). Two‐sided, 2‐sample t tests and univariate and multivariable generalized linear models were used.ResultsFive hundred ninety‐four patients (80% from NCI Community Oncology Research Program sites) were randomized to the web intervention (n = 293) or usual care (n = 301) before the receipt of results. Patients in the intervention arm had greater increases in knowledge (P for T1‐T0 < .0001; P for T2‐T0 = .003), but there were no significant differences in distress outcomes. In unadjusted moderator analyses, there was a decrease in cancer‐specific distress among women (T0‐T1) in the intervention arm but not among men. Patients with lower health literacy in the intervention arm had greater increases in cancer‐specific distress and less decline in general anxiety (T0‐T1) and greater increases in depression (T0‐T2) in comparison with those receiving usual care.ConclusionsWeb‐based genetic education before tumor‐only sequencing results increases patient understanding and reduces distress in women. Refinements to the intervention could benefit low‐literacy groups and men.
Low genome‐wide divergence between two lizard populations with high adaptive phenotypic differentiation
Authors: Llanos‐Garrido Alejandro , Pérez‐Tris Javier , Díaz José A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsually, adaptive phenotypic differentiation is paralleled by genetic divergence between locally adapted populations. However, adaptation can also happen in a scenario of nonsignificant genetic divergence due to intense gene flow and/or recent differentiation. While this phenomenon is rarely published, findings on incipient ecologically driven divergence or isolation by adaptation are relatively common, which could confound our understanding about the frequency at which they actually occur in nature. Here, we explore genome‐wide traces of divergence between two populations of the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus separated by a 600 m elevational gradient. These populations seem to be differentially adapted to their environments despite showing low levels of genetic differentiation (according to previously studies of mtDNA and microsatellite data). We performed a search for outliers (i.e., loci subject to selection) trying to identify specific loci with FST statistics significantly higher than those expected on the basis of overall, genome‐wide estimates of genetic divergence. We find that local phenotypic adaptation (in terms of a wide diversity of characters) was not accompanied by genome‐wide differentiation, even when we maximized the chances of unveiling such differentiation at particular loci with FST‐based outlier detection tests. Instead, our analyses confirmed the lack of genome‐wide differentiation on the basis of more than 70,000 SNPs, which is concordant with a scenario of local adaptation without isolation by environment. Our results add evidence to previous studies in which local adaptation does not lead to any kind of isolation (or early stages of ecological speciation), but maintains phenotypic divergence despite the lack of a differentiated genomic background.
Transposable Element Populations Shed Light on the Evolutionary History of Wheat and the Complex Co‐Evolution of Autonomous and Non‐Autonomous Retrotransposons
Authors: Wicker Thomas , Stritt Christoph , Sotiropoulos Alexandros G. , Poretti Manuel , Pozniak Curtis , Walkowiak Sean , Gundlach Heidrun , Stein Nils 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWheat has one of the largest and most repetitive genomes among major crop plants, containing over 85% transposable elements (TEs). TEs populate genomes much in the way that individuals populate ecosystems, diversifying into different lineages, sub‐families and sub‐populations. The recent availability of high‐quality, chromosome‐scale genome sequences from ten wheat lines enables a detailed analysis how TEs evolved in allohexaploid wheat, its diploids progenitors, and in various chromosomal haplotype segments. LTR retrotransposon families evolved into distinct sub‐populations and sub‐families that were active in waves lasting several hundred thousand years. Furthermore, It is shown that different retrotransposon sub‐families were active in the three wheat sub‐genomes, making them useful markers to study and date polyploidization events and chromosomal rearrangements. Additionally, haplotype‐specific TE sub‐families are used to characterize chromosomal introgressions in different wheat lines. Additionally, populations of non‐autonomous TEs co‐evolved over millions of years with their autonomous partners, leading to complex systems with multiple types of autonomous, semi‐autonomous and non‐autonomous elements. Phylogenetic and TE population analyses revealed the relationships between non‐autonomous elements and their mobilizing autonomous partners. TE population analysis provided insights into genome evolution of allohexaploid wheat and genetic diversity of species, and may have implication for future crop breeding.
Breakthroughs on the clinical management of headache and questions that need to be solved
Authors: Liu Yu‐Cong , Yang Ting‐Ting , Li Jing , Xu Hui‐Chan , Li Shun‐Lian , Xiong Liu‐Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeadache is a common refractory disorder among adults, especially in females, which can lower the quality of life in patients and increase medical costs. Nearly 90% of people have been affected by headache disorders during their lifetime. The severe situation of headaches has drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. Although the mechanism of headache has not been fully understood by us, there are many effective preventive drugs and treatments available. This review is aimed to sum up the progress in clinical trials of headaches in the past 5 years.
The efficiency of low‐dose letrozole plus clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in intrauterine insemination cycles: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Asgharnia Maryam , Mehrafza Marzieh , Raoufi Azadeh , Zare Yousefi Tahereh , Hosseinzadeh Elmira , Samadnia Sajedeh , Zahiri Ziba , Tamimi Amirhossein , Hosseini Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate if combination therapy with clomiphene citrate (CC) plus letrozole (L) was associated with a higher efficacy than L and CC alone in patients undergoing ovarian induction plus intrauterine insemination.MethodsThe present multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was performed between 2018 and 2020. Participants were randomized into three groups: L (n = 167; 5 mg/day), CC (n = 167; 100 mg/day), and L + CC (n = 167) (2.5 mg/day + 50 mg/day) from day 3. Ovarian stimulation was continued with the appropriate dose of gonadotropins daily starting from day 8 and continued until follicular size was 20 mm or more followed by administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (10 000 IU). Semen samples were prepared by direct swim‐up technique.ResultsIn the CC group, gonadotropin dose was significantly higher but endometrial thickness was significantly lower compared with other groups. Number of follicles of 18 mm or more was significantly lower in the L group compared with the other two groups. Number of follicles less than 15 mm was meaningfully higher in the CC group compared with the other groups. In the L + CC group, total and largest follicular size, and the rates of chemical, clinical, and ongoing pregnancy, and live birth were significantly higher compared with other groups.ConclusionCombination therapy with L + CC was superior to either L or CC for achieving pregnancy in women undergoing ovarian induction plus intrauterine insemination.
Mitophagy in aging and longevity
Authors: Guo Jing , Chiang Wei‐Chung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe clearance of damaged or unwanted mitochondria by autophagy (also known as mitophagy) is a mitochondrial quality control mechanism postulated to play an essential role in cellular homeostasis, metabolism, and development and confers protection against a wide range of diseases. Proper removal of damaged or unwanted mitochondria is essential for organismal health. Defects in mitophagy are associated with Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and other degenerative disorders. Mitochondria regulate organismal fitness and longevity via multiple pathways, including cellular senescence, stem cell function, inflammation, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), and bioenergetics. Thus, mitophagy is postulated to be pivotal for maintaining organismal healthspan and lifespan and the protection against aged‐related degeneration. In this review, we will summarize recent understanding of the mechanism of mitophagy and aspects of mitochondrial functions. We will focus on mitochondria‐related cellular processes that are linked to aging and examine current genetic evidence that supports the hypothesis that mitophagy is a pro‐longevity mechanism.
Model assessments and future projections of spring climate extremes in China based on CMIP6 models
Authors: Ai Yawen , Chen Huopo , Sun Jianqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study reports model assessments and future projections of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models in simulating spring climate extremes over China and its eight subregions. The CMIP6 models are generally able to capture mean climate extremes and trends but have common deficiencies such as topography‐related cold‐temperature biases and precipitation overestimations. The CMIP6 multimodel median ensemble (MME) typically outperforms the individual models in simulating spring climate extremes. However, in terms of the model performance metrics, almost no models show better performance in reference to all indices compared to the observations. Furthermore, we investigate the future changes in these indices on national and regional scales over the near‐term (2021–2040), mid‐term (2041–2060), and long‐term (2081–2100) future periods relative to the 1995–2014 reference period under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios: SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5. By the end of the 21st century, wet and warm extreme climate events are projected to increase, particularly in northern and western China. While dry and cold extreme climate events are projected to decrease, particularly in southern China. Additionally, the future projections of both temperature and precipitation extreme indices are remarkable under the high‐greenhouse‐gas (GHG)‐emission scenarios, with the projected changes exceeding those expected under the low‐GHG scenarios.
Consumer Perception of Tilapia in China and Related Factors
Authors: Dai Yun-Yun , Zhou Zhen , Yuan Yuan , He Yan-Hui , Duan Xue-Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
China has become the world’s largest producer, exporter, and consumer of tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), but the per capital consumption in China is low. Thus, we conducted an empirical study of 1,821 consumers of tilapia in China. We aimed to identify the perception of tilapia among Chinese consumers and to investigate the factors that might influence their perceptions by using a logit model. The majority of the respondents liked tilapia and were willing to buy it. Significant factors that affected the preference of consumers for tilapia included their perception of the importance of the nutritional value, freshness, and safety of the fish as well as convenience to buy, family incomes, and regional variables. Effective ways to enhance consumer perceptions of tilapia include increasing its nutritional value and safety, improving marketing strategies, and ensuring its availability to local consumers.
On‐table urodynamic with ureteric occlusion: A resource for measuring bladder capacity and compliance in the management of patients with gross vesico‐ureteric reflux
Authors: Garriboli Massimo , Solomon Eskinder 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo describe a technique for on‐table urodynamic with ureteric occlusion (OUUO) and present a case series comparing bladder capacity and pressure measurements performed with and without ureteric occlusion in patients with gross vesico‐ureteric reflux (grade ≥ IV VUR) to highlight the clinical utility.MethodsWe performed OUUO in seven patients who were being considered for surgical management of VUR and/or nephro‐ureterectomy. We occluded the refluxing ureters using hysterosalpingogram catheters (HSG, single lumen 5.5 Fr catheter with 1.5 ml balloon), guidewires, and rigid cystoscope. A 6 Fr dual‐lumen urodynamic (UD) catheter is then inserted into the bladder to perform OUUO. Bladder capacity and Compliance (C = ∆bladder volume/∆detrusor pressure) are recorded and compared with values obtained at standard UD (without ureteric occlusion).ResultsThe age range of the seven patients was 2.0–15.5 years. The etiology for the gross VUR were posterior urethral valve (PUV) and neuropathic. The bladder capacity and compliance finding between UD and OUUO findings were comparable in five patients. However, there was a clinically significant difference in bladder capacity (20%–50% decrease) and compliance (50%–90%) between UD and OUUO findings in two out of seven patients.ConclusionIn the presence of gross VUR, OUUO allows for a potentially more accurate assessment of bladder capacity and compliance. OUUO should be considered when planning ureteric opening bulking/reimplantation and nephro‐ureterectomy.
Accurate and efficient computations with Wronskian matrices of Bernstein and related bases
Authors: Mainar Esmeralda , Peña Juan M. , Rubio Beatriz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we provide a bidiagonal decomposition of the Wronskian matrices of Bernstein bases of polynomials and other related bases such as the Bernstein basis of negative degree or the negative binomial basis. The mentioned bidiagonal decompositions are used to achieve algebraic computations with high relative accuracy for these Wronskian matrices. The numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy obtained using the proposed decomposition when computing inverse matrices, eigenvalues or singular values, and the solution of some related linear systems.
Detection of Ramularia collo‐cygni from barley in Australia using triplex quantitative and droplet digital PCR
Authors: Knight Noel L , Moslemi Azin , Begum Farhana , Dodhia Kejal N , Covarelli Lorenzo , Hills Andrea L , Lopez‐Ruiz Francisco J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRamularia leaf spot (RLS), caused by Ramularia collo‐cygni, is an emerging threat to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production. RLS has been reported in Australia, however only minimal information is available regarding its detection and distribution. Due to initial asymptomatic growth in planta, slow growth in vitro and symptomatic similarities to net blotch and physiological leaf spots, detection of this pathogen can be challenging. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods for R. collo‐cygni‐specific identification and detection have been described, however these assays have been demonstrated to lack specificity. False‐positive detections may have serious implications, thus we aimed to design a robust R. collo‐cygni‐specific PCR method.RESULTSUsing the phylogenetically informative RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (tef1‐α) genes, along with the tef1‐α gene of H. vulgare, a triplex assay was developed for both quantitative and droplet digital PCR. The triplex assay detected R. collo‐cygni DNA in barley leaves from New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. No R. collo‐cygni DNA was detected in barley seed grown in Western Australia.CONCLUSIONThe presence of R. collo‐cygni DNA has been confirmed in Australian barley crops, suggesting a distribution ranging across the southern barley growing regions of Australia. The R. collo‐cygni‐specific assay will be a valuable tool to assist with monitoring the distribution and impact of R. collo‐cygni in Australia and other regions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Robust neural network‐based backstepping landing control of quadrotor on moving platform with stochastic noise
Authors: Vafamand Navid , Arefi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article introduces a novel nonlinear control approach for quadrotor landing on a moving ship. The dynamics of the relative position and attitude dynamics with uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, external disturbances, and control input saturation is derived. Then, a novel robust adaptive constrained backstepping control law for the propeller and torques of the quadrotor is designed. To deal with uncertainties and un‐modeled dynamics, radial basis function is employed. The bounded‐in‐probability stability is used to alleviate the destructive influence of the stochastic Wiener process on the system positions and attitudes. Whereas the quadrotor is under‐actuated, a redundant control input technique, which affects the attitude commands, is presented. The actual control input saturation limits are turned into unknown saturation limits of the redundant control inputs. Also, since two phases for the landing problem are considered, a smooth switching mechanism between the control inputs is developed. Simulation results show the merits and applicability of the developed robust adaptive nonlinear controller.
Ultrasonic Interfacial Engineering of MoS2‐Modified Zn Single‐Atom Catalysts for Efficient Osteomyelitis Sonodynamic Ion Therapy
Authors: Feng Xiaobo , Lei Jie , Ma Liang , Ouyang Qunle , Zeng Yuxuan , Liang Hang , Lei Chunchi , Li Gaocai , Tan Lei , Liu Xiangmei , Yang Cao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOsteomyelitis is considered as the most serious bone infection, which can lead to the bone destruction or fatal sepsis. Clinical treatments through frequent antibiotics administration and surgical debridement bring inevitable side effects including drug‐resistance and disfigurements. It is urgent to develop an antibiotics‐free and rapid strategy to treat osteomyelitis. Herein, a bifunctional sonosensitizer that consists of porphyrin‐like Zn single‐atom catalysts (g‐ZnN4) and MoS2 quantum dots is developed, which exhibits excellent sonodynamic antibacterial efficiency and osteogenic ability. It is found that the construction of heterogeneous interfaces of g‐ZnN4‐MoS2 fully activates the adsorbed O2 due to the increased interface charge transfer, enhanced spin−flip, and reduced activation energy of O2. The generated 1O2 can kill methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with an antibacterial efficiency of 99.58% under 20 min of ultrasound (US) irradiation. The Zn single atoms immobilized in g‐ZnN4 can be released steadily in the form of Zn2+ for 28 days within safe concentration, realizing the great osteoinductive ability of such a sonosensitizer. For the treatment of MRSA‐infected osteomyelitis, the inflammation and bone loss can be significantly suppressed through sonodynamic ion therapy. This work provides another strategy for developing high efficiency sonosensitizer through ultrasound interfacial engineering.