bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ishola Foluso , Ukah U. Vivian , Nandi Arijit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA country’s abortion law is a key component in determining the enabling environment for safe abortion. While restrictive abortion laws still prevail in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many countries have reformed their abortion laws, with the majority of them moving away from an absolute ban. However, the implications of these reforms on women’s access to and use of health services, as well as their health outcomes, is uncertain. First, there are methodological challenges to the evaluation of abortion laws, since these changes are not exogenous. Second, extant evaluations may be limited in terms of their generalizability, given variation in reforms across the abortion legality spectrum and differences in levels of implementation and enforcement cross-nationally. This systematic review aims to address this gap. Our aim is to systematically collect, evaluate, and synthesize empirical research evidence concerning the impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on changes in abortion laws and women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. We will search Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, as well as grey literature and reference lists of included studies for further relevant literature. As our goal is to draw inference on the impact of abortion law reforms, we will include quasi-experimental studies examining the impact of change in abortion laws on at least one of our outcomes of interest. We will assess the methodological quality of studies using the quasi-experimental study designs series checklist. Due to anticipated heterogeneity in policy changes, outcomes, and study designs, we will synthesize results through a narrative description.DiscussionThis review will systematically appraise and synthesize the research evidence on the impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. We will examine the effect of legislative reforms and investigate the conditions that might contribute to heterogeneous effects, including whether specific groups of women are differentially affected by abortion law reforms. We will discuss gaps and future directions for research. Findings from this review could provide evidence on emerging strategies to influence policy reforms, implement abortion services and scale up accessibility.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROCRD42019126927
Effectiveness of message-framing to improve oral health behaviors and dental plaque among pregnant women
Authors: Divdar Masoumeh , Araban Marzieh , Heydarabadi Akbar Babaei , Cheraghian Bahman , Stein L. A. R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Oral health is considered a prominent factor that contributes to quality of life. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can influence oral health. Message framing can play an important role in oral health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of message framing on oral health and dental plaque among pregnant women.

Methods
The study was conducted in 2017 on 108 pregnant women in Izeh county, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. The research instrument included a two part questionnaire containing demographic information and oral health knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention, self-efficacy, practice, and dental plaque index. Gain-and loss-framed messages were sent to the intervention groups via cell phone texts, but the control group did not receive any messages. Participant dental plaque was clinically assessed. Analysis of covariance with follow-up tests were performed using SPSS version, 23.0 with p-value set at 0.01 for significance.

Results
Intervention groups had better oral health (knowledge, atttitude, intention, efficacy, practices and plaque) scores compared to the control group (p < 0.001), but intervention (gain- vs loss-framed) groups did not differ on outcomes.

Conclusion
Text message intervention improved knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention, self-efficacy, practice, and dental plaque among pregnant women. While differences between control and both intervention groups indicated text messaging had an impact on oral health outcomes, message framing (i.e., gain vs loss) had no discernable impact on oral health outcomes.
ORFograph: search for novel insecticidal protein genes in genomic and metagenomic assembly graphs
Authors: Dvorkina Tatiana , Bankevich Anton , Sorokin Alexei , Yang Fan , Adu-Oppong Boahemaa , Williams Ryan , Turner Keith , Pevzner Pavel A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Since the prolonged use of insecticidal proteins has led to toxin resistance, it is important to search for novel insecticidal protein genes (IPGs) that are effective in controlling resistant insect populations. IPGs are usually encoded in the genomes of entomopathogenic bacteria, especially in large plasmids in strains of the ubiquitous soil bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Since there are often multiple similar IPGs encoded by such plasmids, their assemblies are typically fragmented and many IPGs are scattered through multiple contigs. As a result, existing gene prediction tools (that analyze individual contigs) typically predict partial rather than complete IPGs, making it difficult to conduct downstream IPG engineering efforts in agricultural genomics.

Methods
Although it is difficult to assemble IPGs in a single contig, the structure of the genome assembly graph often provides clues on how to combine multiple contigs into segments encoding a single IPG.

Results
We describe ORFograph, a pipeline for predicting IPGs in assembly graphs, benchmark it on (meta)genomic datasets, and discover nearly a hundred novel IPGs. This work shows that graph-aware gene prediction tools enable the discovery of greater diversity of IPGs from (meta)genomes.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that analysis of the assembly graphs reveals novel candidate IPGs. ORFograph identified both already known genes “hidden” in assembly graphs and potential novel IPGs that evaded existing tools for IPG identification. As ORFograph is fast, one could imagine a pipeline that processes many (meta)genomic assembly graphs to identify even more novel IPGs for phenotypic testing than would previously be inaccessible by traditional gene-finding methods. While here we demonstrated the results of ORFograph only for IPGs, the proposed approach can be generalized to any class of genes.
Age-related changes in brain phospholipids and bioactive lipids in the APP knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Emre Ceren , Do Khanh V. , Jun Bokkyoo , Hjorth Erik , Alcalde Silvia Gómez , Kautzmann Marie-Audrey I. , Gordon William C. , Nilsson Per , Bazan Nicolas G. , Schultzberg Marianne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSustained brain chronic inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) includes glial cell activation, an increase in cytokines and chemokines, and lipid mediators (LMs), concomitant with decreased pro-homeostatic mediators. The inflammatory response at the onset of pathology engages activation of pro-resolving, pro-homeostatic LMs followed by a gradual decrease. We used an APP knock-in (App KI) AD mouse that accumulates β-amyloid (Aβ) and presents cognitive deficits (at 2 and 6 months of age, respectively) to investigate LMs, their precursors, biosynthetic enzymes and receptors, glial activation, and inflammatory proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 2-, 4-, 8- and 18-month-old in comparison with wild-type (WT) mice. We used LC-mass-spectrometry and MALDI molecular imaging to analyze LMs and phospholipids, and immunochemistry for proteins. Our results revealed an age-specific lipid and cytokine profile, and glial activation in the App KI mice. Despite an early onset of Aβ pathology, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving LMs were prominently increased only in the oldest age group. Furthermore, the LM biosynthetic enzymes increased, and their receptor expression decreased in the aged App KI mice. Arachidonic acid (AA)-containing phospholipid molecular species were elevated, correlating with decreased cPLA2 activity. MALDI molecular imaging depicted differential distribution of phospholipids according to genotype in hippocampal layers. Brain histology disclosed increased microglia proliferation starting from young age in the App KI mice, while astrocyte numbers were enhanced in older ages. Our results demonstrate that the brain lipidome is modified preferentially during aging as compared to amyloid pathology in the model studied here. However, alterations in phospholipids signal early pathological changes in membrane composition.
Enhancement of teprenone isomer separation by subcritical fluid chromatography using porous graphitic carbon column
Authors: Jin Chang Hwa , Eom Han Young , Bae Seong Jun , Cho Hyun-Deok , Han Sang Beom 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTeprenone is a therapeutic anti-ulcer agent developed in Japan. As described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) 17th Edition, gas chromatography/hydrogen flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) have been used for the assay of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and teprenone capsules, respectively. The critical aspect of the assay is a separation of the structural isomers (mono-cis and all-trans) of teprenone. Herein, we propose an improved quantitative method for the quality control of teprenone in APIs and capsules via subcritical fluid chromatography/photo diode array detection (SubFC/PDA) using a porous graphitic carbon column. SubFC conditions, i.e., type and content of the organic modifier in the mobile phase, column temperature, injection volume, and flow rate, were optimized. The developed SubFC/PDA method was validated according to ICH guidelines Q2(R1) in terms of accuracy, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), specificity, linearity, quantification range, robustness, and stability. Comparison of SubFC/PDA method with the GC/FID or HPLC/UV method (described in JP) revealed that the SubFC/PDA method gave better resolution and run time than the JP methods. The developed SubFC/PDA method is expected to be useful for pharmaceutical analysis or quality control of teprenone isomers.
Identification of 5-methylcytosine-related signature for predicting prognosis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Gao Song 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies often resulting in a poor prognosis. 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a common epigenetic modification with roles in eukaryotes. However, the expression and function of m5C regulatory factors in ovarian cancer remained unclear.ResultsTwo molecular subtypes with different prognostic and clinicopathological features were identified based on m5C regulatory factors. Meanwhile, functional annotation showed that in the two subtypes, 452 differentially expressed genes were significantly related to the malignant progression of ovarian cancer. Subsequently, four m5C genes were screened to construct a risk marker predictive of overall survival and indicative of clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer, also the robustness of the risk marker was verified in external dataset and internal validation set. multifactorial cox regression analysis and nomogram demonstrated that risk score was an independent prognostic factor for ovarian cancer prognosis.ConclusionIn conclusion, our results revealed that m5C-related genes play a critical role in tumor progression in ovarian cancer. Further detection of m5C methylation could provide a novel targeted therapy for treating ovarian cancer.
Wood substitution potential in greenhouse gas emission reduction–review on current state and application of displacement factors
Authors: Myllyviita Tanja , Soimakallio Sampo , Judl Jáchym , Seppälä Jyri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Replacing non-renewable materials and energy with wood offers a potential strategy to mitigate climate change if the net emissions of ecosystem and technosystem are reduced in a considered time period. Displacement factors (DFs) describe an emission reduction for a wood-based product or fuel which is used in place of a non-wood alternative. The aims of this review were to map and assess DFs from scientific literature and to provide findings on how to harmonise practices behind them and to support coherent application.

Results
Most of the reviewed DFs were positive, implying decreasing fossil GHG emissions in the technosystem. The vast majority of the reviewed DFs describe avoided fossil emissions either both in processing and use of wood or only in the latter when wood processing emissions were considered separately. Some of the reviewed DFs included emissions avoided in post-use of harvested wood products (HWPs). Changes in forest and product carbon stocks were not included in DFs except in a few single cases. However, in most of the reviewed studies they were considered separately in a consistent way along with DFs.
DFs for wood energy, construction and material substitution were widely available, whereas DFs for packaging products, chemicals and textiles were scarce. More than half of DFs were calculated by the authors of the reviewed articles while the rest of them were adopted from other articles.

Conclusions
Most of the reviewed DFs describe the avoided fossil GHG emissions. These DFs may provide insights on the wood-based products with a potential to replace emissions intensive alternatives but they do not reveal the actual climate change mitigation effects of wood use. The way DFs should be applied and interpreted depends on what has been included in them. If the aim of DFs is to describe the overall climate effects of wood use, DFs should include all the relevant GHG flows, including changes in forest and HWP carbon stock and post-use of HWPs, however, based on this literature review this is not a common practice.
DFs including only fossil emissions should be applied together with a coherent assessment of changes in forest and HWP carbon stocks, as was the case in most of the reviewed studies. To increase robustness and transparency and to decrease misuse, we recommend that system boundaries and other assumptions behind DFs should be clearly documented.
Appraisal of cowpea cropping systems and farmers’ perceptions of production constraints and preferences in the dry savannah areas of Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Saba Baba , Dzidzienyo Daniel Kwadjo , Umar Muhammad Lawan , Ishiyaku Mohammad Faguji , Tongoona Pangirayi Bernard , Gracen Vernon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow plant density and wide intra-plant spacing in traditional cowpea cropping systems are among the factors responsible for low yield on farmers’ fields. Sole cropping and improved intercropping systems have been advocated in the last few years to increase yield in the dry savannah areas of Nigeria. This study investigated the level of adoption of high yielding cowpea cropping systems including factors that influenced their use and farmers’ perceived production constraints and preferences. A total of 420 farmers across 36 villages of northern Nigeria were interviewed, and data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics to appraise farmers predominant cowpea cropping systems and factors that determine the use of sole versus intercropping were identified with the aid of binary logit regression. Furthermore, pairwise comparison ranking was deployed to understand farmers’ view of cowpea production constraints and preferred traits.ResultsThe results revealed that, many of the farmers (42%) still grow cowpeas in the traditional intercropping and a good number (25%) cultivate the crop as a sole crop, while 23% had fields of cowpeas in both sole and intercropping systems. Farmers reported the incidence of high insect pests, limited access to land, desire to have multiple benefits, and assurance in the event of crop failure as reasons for preference for intercropping over sole planting. The pairwise comparison ranking of constraints and preferences revealed insect pests,Striga, drought and poor access to fertilizers as major constraints to increased productivity. Many farmers indicated high yield as the most preferred trait.ConclusionsFindings indicate a need for increased education and training of cowpea farmers on the importance of growing cowpeas in sole cropping and or improved intercropping systems. Genetic improvement efforts should focus on developing cowpea varieties that address farmers production constraints and reflect the diversity of consumers’ preferences for the crop. Hence, breeding for resistance to insect pests and high yield is recommended as an important priority of cowpea breeding programmes in the region.
Prefatory Note: How Music Theorists Model Time
Authors: Cohn Richard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Scholars of music and dance have subtly different conceptions of musical time, which can lead to misunderstandings in interdisciplinary communication. These conceptual distinctions may be rooted in the embodied experience of performance: the energy required to create dance through whole-body displacement is different in kind from that required to create music through displacement of air molecules. The essay focuses on different conceptions of beats, of the counting numbers that represent them, of precise temporal regularity, and of the relationship between meter and phrasing.
What do we know about ancillary care practices in East and Southern Africa? A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Kapumba Blessings M. , Desmond Nicola , Seeley Janet 
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite growing calls for the provision of ancillary care to study participants during medical research, there remains a noticeable gap in ethical guidelines for medical researchers in resource-constrained settings (RCS). We reviewed recent studies to determine the extent to which ancillary care is provided in East and Southern Africa and to examine the ethical justifications researchers provide to support their views on ancillary care obligations. Methods: A systematic search for qualitative and mixed methods studies on ancillary care was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, African Wide Information, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Bioethics and H3 Africa websites and Google Scholar were further searched. Studies conducted in East and Southern Africa between 2004 and 2020, as well as those that reported on ancillary care provided to study participants were included. All studies included in this review were evaluated for methodological quality as well as bias risk. NVivo version 12 was used for thematic analysis. Results: Overall, 4,710 articles were identified by the initial search. After the data extraction and quality assessment, 24 articles were included. Key areas presented include ancillary care approaches and the themes of researcher motivation for providing ancillary care and expectations of participants in medical research. The review shows that while some international researchers do provide ancillary care to their study participants, approaches are not standardised without consistent guidelines for ethical practice for ancillary care. We found limited empirical studies in RCS that report on ancillary care, hence findings in this review are based on single studies rather than a collection of multiple studies. Conclusions: This paper emphasizes the value of establishing ethics guidelines for medical researchers in RCS who consider provision of ancillary care to their participants, and the need to account for these ethical guidelines in medical research.
'Players' in Context
Authors: Chambers Mark 
Published: June 2021

Arguably the largest source of REED material of their kind so far collected, the accounts of Durham’s medieval monastic community provide evidence for plays, music, and performers from around the palatinate, including payments to istriones, joculatores, and ministralli performing for various occasions. With accountancy material, however, it can be difficult deciding if individual entries represent evidence of performers or performances per se, or what the nature of any performance might have been. This essay examines these issues in Durham’s accountancy records, looking particularly at Finchale Priory’s so-called ‘playerchambre’: instances in which evidence of ‘performance’ is uncertain and/or only determinable by wider consideration of context.
Clinical practice guidelines for acute and post-acute care of patients with spinal cord injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gregorio Marianne Pearl , Manhas Kiran Pohar , Brehon Katelyn , Vaska Marcus , Moore Glenda , O'Connell Petra , Ho Chester , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) impacts quality of life. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for comprehensive SCI care are not completely agreed upon, leading to considerable variability in care and patient outcomes. Aims: We aim to summarise and critically evaluate existing CPGs for the care of patients with SCI at the acute and post-acute phase of their care, and to identify gaps in guidance for nursing and multidisciplinary care. Methods: The scoping review protocol was directed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guideline. Some 13 databases will be searched for eligible CPGs. Two independent reviewers will screen and extract data using pre-specified eligibility criteria. The quality of CPGs will be appraised using the AGREE II tool.
The cerebral hypometabolism model of Alzheimer's disease explored: can a ketogenic diet improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease? A review of the literature
Authors: Brackley Karyn 
Published: June 2021

Background: Much research supports the emerging theory that Alzheimer's disease originates from a pathological cerebral metabolic disturbance in glucose metabolism, analogous to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. This has led to the theory that ketone bodies may provide an alternative neuronal fuel, correcting, in part, the neuronal energy deficiency and improving cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Aims: To evaluate the literature of human studies on the effectiveness of improving cognition in Alzheimer's disease through a low-carbohydrate diet or administration of exogenous ketones. Methods: A literature review was conducted, with the PRISMA guidelines used to guide this review. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) concept tool was used to search for terms generated through background research. Full-text, peer-reviewed English articles from SocINDEX, Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo and ScienceDirect were selected, using exclusion and inclusion criteria. Six human studies in which cognition was assessed following a low-carbohydrate diet or administration of exogenous ketones were evaluated. Findings: Some cognitive improvements were demonstrated in all studies in participants with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease, but not in all cognitive tests and not at all time points. Cognitive improvements returned to baseline after the intervention. Two studies included genetic data and found that cognitive improvement was most notable in those without an E4 allele. Conclusions: This review provides some preliminary support for the potential therapeutic use of ketones in Alzheimer's disease. However, considerable future research is needed, as this is a relatively novel research area. The findings support the suggestion of a gene-environment interaction in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease, and may contribute to an understanding of how the E4 allele is linked to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides suggestions for improving screening for Alzheimer's disease from a nursing perspective—for example, by screening for risk factors, such as hyperinsulinemia and reduced cerebral metabolic rate of glucose.