bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non-traditional open-source solution for altmetrics
Authors: Jamwal Vineet , Kaur Simran 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Altmetric carries the potential of highlighting scholarly content by measuring online interactions much before other forms of traditional metrics grow up. The aim of this paper is to be the single point of access for librarians, scientists, information specialists, researchers and other scholars in public to learn to embed the open-source embeddable badge provided by Altmetric in their websites and showcase their article altmetrics. Libraries can take advantage of this free and innovative tool by incorporating it in their own websites or digital repositories.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper elucidates steps for embedding altimetric institutional repository badges in personal websites or institutional repositories.

Findings
This open-source Altmetric tool tracks a range of sources to catch and collect the scholarly activity and assists in monitoring and reporting the attention surrounding an author’s work in a very timely manner.

Originality/value
This tool is freely available to libraries worldwide.
Influence of copper pillar bump structure on flip chip packaging during reflow soldering: a numerical approach
Authors: Ishak Mohammad Hafifi Hafiz , Abdul Aziz Mohd Sharizal , Ismail Farzad , Abdullah M.Z. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the experimental and simulation studies on the influence of copper pillar bump structure on flip chip packaging during reflow soldering.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, solidification/melting modelling and volume of fluid modelling were used. Reflow soldering process of Cu pillar type FC was modelled using computational fluid dynamic software (FLUENT). The experimental results have been validated with the simulation results to prove the accuracy of the numerical method.

Findings
The findings of this study reveal that solder volume is the most important element influencing reflow soldering. The solder cap volume reduces as the Cu pillar bump diameter lowers, making the reflow process more difficult to establish a good solder union, as less solder is allowed to flow. Last but not least, the solder cap height for the reflow process must be optimized to enable proper solder joint formation.

Practical implications
This study provides a basis and insights into the impact of copper pillar bump structure on flip chip packaging during reflow soldering that will be advancing the future design of 3D stack package. This study also provides a superior visualization and knowledge of the melting and solidification phenomenon during the reflow soldering process.

Originality/value
The computational fluid dynamics analysis of copper pillar bump structure on flip chip packaging during reflow soldering is scant. To the authors’ best knowledge, no research has been concentrated on copper pillar bump size configurations in a thorough manner. Without the in-depth study, copper pillar bump size might have the impact of copper pillar bump structure on flip chip packaging during reflow soldering. Five design of parameter of flip chip IC package model was proposed for the investigation of copper pillar bump structure on flip chip packaging during reflow soldering.
Real-time bi-directional people counting using an RGB-D camera
Authors: Rahmaniar Wahyu , Wang W.J. , Chiu Chi-Wei Ethan , Hakim Noorkholis Luthfil Luthfil 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework and improve a bi-directional people counting technique using an RGB-D camera to obtain accurate results with fast computation time. Therefore, it can be used in real-time applications.

Design/methodology/approach
First, image calibration is proposed to obtain the ratio and shift values between the depth and the RGB image. In the depth image, a person is detected as foreground by removing the background. Then, the region of interest (ROI) of the detected people is registered based on their location and mapped to an RGB image. Registered people are tracked in RGB images based on the channel and spatial reliability. Finally, people were counted when they crossed the line of interest (LOI) and their displacement distance was more than 2 m.

Findings
It was found that the proposed people counting method achieves high accuracy with fast computation time to be used in PCs and embedded systems. The precision rate is 99% with a computation time of 35 frames per second (fps) using a PC and 18 fps using the NVIDIA Jetson TX2.

Practical implications
The precision rate is 99% with a computation time of 35 frames per second (fps) using a PC and 18 fps using the NVIDIA Jetson TX2.

Originality/value
The proposed method can count the number of people entering and exiting a room at the same time. If the previous systems were limited to only one to two people in a frame, this system can count many people in a frame. In addition, this system can handle some problems in people counting, such as people who are blocked by others, people moving in another direction suddenly, and people who are standing still.
Perceived systems intelligence and performance in organizations
Authors: Törmänen Juha , Hämäläinen Raimo P. , Saarinen Esa 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This study aims to introduce the perceived systems intelligence (SI) inventory, developed based on the earlier published self-report SI inventory (Törmänen et al., 2016). It can be used together with earlier managerial level tools for building a learning organization and included in general 360-style evaluations in personnel development.

Design/methodology/approach
The inventory is validated with confirmatory factor analysis with a model based on the self-report SI inventory, using data from full-time used employees and managers in the USA and UK. Perceived SI factor scores are correlated with the perceived study performance of the individual.

Findings
The perceived SI inventory is found to have good factorial validity, and it correlates strongly with evaluations of perceived study performance. Managers perceived high in performance are also found to score high in perceived SI. Perceived SI does not depend on gender, age, organization size or industry.

Originality/value
The perceived SI inventory is the first personnel level peer evaluation tool suggested for developing learning organizations. The new inventory makes peer evaluations possible and provides a new grassroots level tool for personnel development programs in learning organizations.
Trophic plasticity of mixotrophic corals under contrasting environments
Authors: Sturaro Nicolas , Hsieh Yunli Eric , Chen Qi , Wang Pei‐Ling , Denis Vianney 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Mixotrophic organisms can derive nutrition from both auto‐ and heterotrophy, which allows them to use a variety of trophic pathways to sustain their metabolic demands under variable conditions. Therefore, when facing environmental change, these organisms are expected to demonstrate an intrinsic ability to acclimatize through trophic plasticity.

Scleractinian corals are ecologically important mixotrophs, but understanding their trophic plasticity has been impaired by an oversimplification towards inconsistent proxies of coral diet and overlooking intraspecific variability.

Here, we applied a Bayesian analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data to determine the trophic niches of six common species of scleractinian corals and their associated endosymbionts, and combined it with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify trophic behaviours and strategies.

We found a variable amount of nutritional plasticity identified by different trophic behaviours within and between mixotrophic corals living under the same environmental conditions. Furthermore, we observed changes in trophic plasticity across environmental conditions. Corals from variable environments had larger host and endosymbiont niches than corals from stable environments. In addition, deeper corals had niches indicating a greater degree of heterotrophy than shallow corals. Collectively, corals exhibited distinct trophic strategies by promoting trophic niche differentiation along the mixotrophic continuum and conspecific individual colonies displayed high trophic variation.

Our results provide a foundation to understand how mixotrophic organisms may adjust their nutrition in response to ongoing global environmental change and the consequential modification of benthic assemblages.
Mapping the field of public ancillary funds
Authors: Williamson Alexandra Kate , Luke Belinda G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study analyses and profiles public ancillary funds (PubAFs), charitable trusts that act as intermediaries between public donors and approved nonprofit beneficiary organisations. PubAFs are an important part of Australia's philanthropic landscape given their public benefit purpose, yet little is known about this sector's characteristics and identities. This paper examines PubAFs, analysing online databases and reports and PubAF websites (where available). Based on the analysis of data from three sources: the Australian Charities and Not‐for‐profits Commission, Australian Taxation Office, and websites of 991 PubAFs (where available), this study provides valuable insights for the public, philanthropic practitioners, and researchers. Findings systematically map the field to develop an extended taxonomy, as a basis for promoting understanding and legitimacy beyond PubAFs’ moral intentions, providing valuable insights into an opaque group of organisations at a time when the philanthropic sector's transparency is limited and legitimacy is being questioned.
School‐to‐work transition and subjective well‐being in Australia
Authors: Dietrich Hans , Patzina Alexander , Chesters Jenny , Reissner Volker 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe school‐to‐work transition is a demanding period during an individual's life course in all societies particularly because the educational decisions made during this period have long‐lasting consequences in multiple life domains. Moreover, adverse starting points after secondary school are likely to lead to adverse outcomes that might cumulate over the life course. This study analyses subjective well‐being during this sensitive period and examines the following two questions. First, how do different school‐to‐work transitions relate to subjective well‐being changes? Second, how does subjective well‐being develop during and after secondary schooling? As the school‐to‐work transition period is structured by gender, each analytical step aims to identify gender differences. Furthermore, based on life course theories, this study investigates whether adverse starting points after secondary school lead to cumulative effects in the development of subjective well‐being. Based on data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey and fixed effects regressions, our results reveal that transitions to employment increase subjective well‐being, while transitions to unemployment decrease subjective well‐being. Furthermore, transitions to study increase subjective well‐being only among men, while such transitions appear to decrease subjective well‐being among women. The results related to the development of subjective well‐being indicate that subjective well‐being decreases during secondary schooling and continues to decrease after individuals leave school. This decrease is stronger among men. Finally, our results reveal the negative cumulative effects of adverse starting points on the development of subjective well‐being. Overall, the results reveal great intra‐individual variation in subjective well‐being during the school‐to‐work transition period in Australia.
Synthesis and characterization of tracers and development of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for amantadine with high sensitivity in chicken
Authors: Guo Liuchuan , Liu Meixuan , Li Qiang , Dong Baolei , Li Hongfang , Mari Ghulam Mujtaba , Liu Rui , Yu Wenbo , Yu Xuezhi , Wang Zhanhui , Zhang Suxia , Shen Jianzhong , Wen Kai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a homogeneous and rapid analytical method that is suitable for high‐throughput screening of large numbers of samples. However, FPIA typically suffers from lower sensitivity than the well‐established enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), limiting its wide application as an analytical tool that can be run with trace levels of an analyte. Herein, a highly sensitive FPIA for detecting amantadine (AMD) in chicken is described. To achieve high sensitivity, nine chemical tracers of AMD that employ different fluoresceins, fluorescein derivatives, and haptens were synthesized and paired with four previously produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The effect of the tracer structure on the sensitivity of FPIA was investigated and discussed. We found that the tracers with a linear and shorter bridge between adamantane and fluorescein generally provided higher sensitivity. After optimization, N′‐(1‐adamantyl) ethylenediamine (AEDA), an AMD structural analogue labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), achieved the lowest IC50 value (1.0 ng/ml) in the FPIA, which was comparable to that of the heterologous ELISA format that used the same mAb7G2. We also investigated the possible recognition mechanism of mAbs in terms of conformational and electronic aspects. The developed FPIA was applied to chicken to detect AMD residue, demonstrating a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.9 µg/kg with recoveries of 76.5–89.3% and coefficients of variation (CVs) below 14.5%. These results show that the proposed FPIA is an efficient, accurate, and convenient method for the rapid screening of AMD residues in chicken.Practical ApplicationThe fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was developed to determine and quantify amantadine (AMD) in chicken samples with high sensitivity. This homogeneous method avoids coating and washing steps and may provide high‐throughput AMD screening in chicken in 10 min with high accuracy and precision. FPIA can be used as a monitoring tool and contribute significantly to the rapid detection of AMD in chicken.
Sensory methodology in product optimization of cold smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) processed with atomized purified condensed smoke
Authors: Waldenstrøm Lene , Gaarder Mari Øvrum , Lerfall Jørgen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtomized purified condensed smoke (PCS) is a smoke processing technique, producing fewer harmful substances during processing, than conventional smoking. Manufacturers of cold smoked salmon (CSS) are however skeptical to PCS due to expected decrease in perceptual quality. The aim of this study was to use sensory methodology (Check All That Apply [CATA], Descriptive Analysis [DA] and Napping®) in optimization of PCS processed CSS. A three‐step experiment was performed using five unique PCS condensates and varying process parameters. In each step, PCS processed CSS were perceptually evaluated and compared with conventional CSS. In Step one, PCS processed CSS was compared to conventional CSS, initiating process changes prior to the next step. In Step two, conventional CSS, two new condensates and the altered CSS from Step one, were screened to choose two prototypes for Step three. In Step three, perceptual differences, consumer acceptance, and physiochemical parameters of the two PCS prototypes and conventional CSS were examined. Napping® was proven effective for sorting and describing samples, distinguishing the dry and smoky ones from the shiny, soft, and mild varieties. CATA with hedonic scaling successfully characterized samples and the ideal CSS, gave useful information about consumer acceptance, and identified salty, smokey and natural to be important drivers of liking. The two descriptive tests CATA and DA in Step three, processing yield and physiochemical parameters gave a complete prototype description and input for further development. By combining the results from sensory perception and the physicochemical measurements, the experiment succeeded to produce a promising PCS prototype with sensory quality and consumer acceptance similar to conventional CSS.Practical ApplicationThe use of atomized purified condensed smoke (PCS) is considered healthier than conventional smoke processing (EU Regulation 2065/2003; Lingbeck et al., 2014). Even if PCS is widely used in meat processing, manufacturers of cold smoked salmon (CSS) are hesitant, fearing loss of perceptual quality. However, by using sensory methodology in product optimization of PCS processed CSS, a promising prototype was developed. With some more testing and adjustments, it will be possible to produce healthier CSS with similar sensory quality and consumer acceptance to conventionally CSS and offer this to a world‐wide market.
Osmotic, osmovacuum, sonication, and osmosonication pretreatment on the infrared drying of Ginkgo seed slices: Mass transfer, mathematical modeling, drying, and rehydration kinetics and energy consumption
Authors: Boateng Isaac Duah , Yang Xiao‐Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the mass transfer, drying, and rehydration kinetics (drying and rehydration curve, moisture diffusivity [Deff]), energy consumption (specific energy consumption [SEC], moisture extraction rate (MER), and specific moisture extraction rate [SMER]), and mathematical modeling of infrared dried Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) using the various nonthermal pretreatments namely: osmotic (OS), osmovacuum (V + OS), ultrasound (US, ginkgo seed immersed in a distilled water with US), and osmosonication (US + OS, ginkgo seeds immersed in an OS solution with US). Results showed that various pretreatments affected mass transfer, drying, and rehydration characteristics, and energy consumption, which was confirmed by principal component analysis. In terms of mass transfer, US pretreatment recorded the highest weight loss while the osmosonication pretreatment registered the highest solid gain. The entire drying process occurred in the falling‐rate period. The Deff values were within the normal range of agroproducts (10−11 to 10−8 m2/s). The modified Page‐I and Weibull model best fitted the drying and rehydration kinetics, respectively, with the coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.991, root mean square error, residual sum of squares, and reduced chi‐square closer to zero, compared with the other models. The untreated GBS (control) had the lowest energy efficiency (lowest SMER and MER) and the highest SEC than the pretreated GBS. Among the various pretreatments, the US pretreatment of GBS was superior, with the highest Deff, MER, SMER, and drying rate, and lowest drying time and SEC. Based on the findings, sequential US pretreatment and infrared drying is a feasible drying technique for GBS that could be used commercially.Practical ApplicationGinkgo tree cultivation in China has exceeded market needs with 60,000 tons per annum of GBS produced. Hence, there is a compelling need to explore new chances to use GBS availability irrespective of the seasonality and address the problem where GBS utilization is limited to the early phases of home‐cooked dishes. Although drying increases the shelf life of ginkgo seeds, there is a higher operation cost. Thus, pretreatment can reduce energy consumption and augment the product quality is ideal. This research reported the impact of nonthermal pretreatments on ginkgo seeds’ mass transfer, drying, and rehydration characteristics. The present results will provide a comprehensive understanding of the engineering application of ginkgo seed pretreatment, allowing for the best technique to be selected.
Improved high throughput protocol for targeting eukaryotic symbionts in metazoan and eDNA samples
Authors: Minardi Diana , Ryder David , del Campo Javier , Garcia Fonseca Vera , Kerr Rose , Mortensen Stein , Pallavicini Alberto , Bass David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEukaryote symbionts of animals are major drivers of ecosystems not only because of their diversity and host interactions from variable pathogenicity but also through different key roles such as commensalism and to different types of interdependence. However, molecular investigations of metazoan eukaryomes require minimising coamplification of homologous host genes. In this study we (1) identified a previously published “antimetazoan” reverse primer to theoretically enable amplification of a wider range of microeukaryotic symbionts, including more evolutionarily divergent sequence types, (2) evaluated in silico several antimetazoan primer combinations, and (3) optimised the application of the best performing primer pair for high throughput sequencing (HTS) by comparing one‐step and two‐step PCR amplification approaches, testing different annealing temperatures and evaluating the taxonomic profiles produced by HTS and data analysis. The primer combination 574*F – UNonMet_DB tested in silico showed the largest diversity of nonmetazoan sequence types in the SILVA database and was also the shortest available primer combination for broadly‐targeting antimetazoan amplification across the 18S rRNA gene V4 region. We demonstrate that the one‐step PCR approach used for library preparation produces significantly lower proportions of metazoan reads, and a more comprehensive coverage of host‐associated microeukaryote reads than the two‐step approach. Using higher PCR annealing temperatures further increased the proportion of nonmetazoan reads in all sample types tested. The resulting V4 region amplicons were taxonomically informative even when only the forward read is analysed. This region also revealed a diversity of known and putatively parasitic lineages and a wider diversity of host‐associated eukaryotes.
Improved high‐throughput MHC typing for non‐model species using long‐read sequencing
Authors: Cheng Yuanyuan , Grueber Catherine , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a critical role in the vertebrate immune system. Accurate MHC typing is critical to understanding not only host fitness and disease susceptibility, but also the mechanisms underlying host‐pathogen co‐evolution. However, due to the high degree of gene duplication and diversification of MHC genes, it is often technically challenging to accurately characterise MHC genetic diversity in non‐model species. Here we conducted a systematic review to identify common issues associated with current widely used MHC typing approaches. Then to overcome these challenges, we developed a long‐read based MHC typing method along with a new analysis pipeline. Our approach enables the sequencing of fully phased MHC alleles spanning all key functional domains and the separation of highly similar alleles as well as the removal of technical artefacts such as PCR heteroduplexes and chimeras. Using this approach, we performed population‐scale MHC typing in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), revealing previously undiscovered MHC functional diversity in this endangered species. Our new method provides a better solution for addressing research questions that require high MHC typing accuracy. Since the method is not limited by species or the number of genes analysed, it will be applicable for studying not only the MHC but also other complex gene families.