bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native Metals in Far Eastern Brown Coal (Russian Federation)&nbsp;
Authors: Lavrik Nataliya Analolievna , Rasskazova Anna Vadimovna , Lavrik Alexandra Viktorovna , Burdonov Alexandr Evgenievich 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Metal-bearing brown coal and coal ash can have a practical importance as the alternate sources of metals. Brown coal of Sutarsk and Ushumunsk deposits, as well as other coal deposits of the Far East, contain rare and rare-earth, precious and ferrous metals. At a comprehensive approach they can be sequentially extracted from ashes of coals in a production string. The possibility of metal extraction heavily depends on mode of their occurrence and grain size. In coals and coal ash of the researched deposits metals are localized in various mineral phases: oxides, sulfides, carbonates, phosphates, in a native mode of occurrence and as a part of intermetallic compounds. Particles are usually fine (1-30 microns). Gold, silver, copper, bismuth, iron, titanium, tungsten, zinc, barium, alloy of rare earths (cerium - lanthanum - neodymium) are found in native mode of occurrence. The interesting fact is that mode of occurrence of metals typical both for the reduction and oxidizing conditions are observed in one sample. It is necessary to account for the processing and extraction of metals from coal ashes that the most mineral particles are small and characterized by various morphology and composition.
Spinosin Attenuates Osteoclastogenesis Through Suppressing NF-κB by the Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Yuna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveOsteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic skeletal disorder featured by microarchitecture bone injury and excessive osteoclastic activity.Here, we aimed to explore the effect of Spinosin on osteoclastogenesis of osteoporosis.DesignThe receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis model was established in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in vitro. The ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss mouse model was constructed in vivo, followed by micro-CT analysis, Histomorphometric analysis, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and TRAP staining.ResultsOur data showed that the treatment of Spinosin significantly inhibited the TRAP positive osteoclast and bone resorption induced by RANKL in the BMMs. Spinosin significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific factors, including osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), cathepsin K (CTSK), TRAP, c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasm 1 (NFATc1)， in the RANKL-treated BMMs. Mechanically, Spinosin was able to inactivate NF-κB by stimulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in BMMs. The trabecular space (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) were inhibited by OVX treatment, and Spinosin could reverse the effect in the bone resorption mouse model. The OVX-induced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 B (TRAcp5B) were blocked by Spinosin in the mice. Moreover, Spinosin was able to alleviate OVX-induced loss of femur bone and osteoclasts in vivo.ConclusionsIn conclusion, Spinosin attenuates osteoclastogenesis of osteoporosis through inhibiting NF-κB by activating Nrf2/HO-1 expression. Spinosin may serve as the potential candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Metabolic Effects of PCSK9&nbsp;Inhibitors in a Tertiary Care Center – Real World Data
Authors: Fischer Laurenz T , Hochfellner Daniel A , Knoll Lisa , Pöttler Tina , Mader Julia K , Aberer Felix 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe lipid-lowering and positive cardiovascular effect of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors was shown in several studies, hence, they are more widely used in the lipid-lowering management of patients with high cardiovascular risk. As real-world data are still scarce, the aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary care center in routine care.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data extracted from the electronic patient record was performed. Patients who were routinely prescribed with PCSK9 inhibitor therapy (Alirocumab or Evolocumab) during the years 2016 and 2019 were included in the analysis. Characteristics of the patient population, the effects on LDL-C and HbA1c levels were assessed over the course of treatment.ResultsWe identified 237 patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors between January 2016 and September 2019. Almost all patients (97.5%) received PCSK9 inhibitors for secondary prevention. Comorbidities at baseline included: arterial hypertension (68.8%), diabetes mellitus (25.3%), smoking (5.9%). Vascular disease at baseline was present as follows: coronary heart disease (74.7%), history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (13.5%), carotid artery disease (30.8%), peripheral artery disease (18.1%), chronic kidney disease (9.7%), history of percutaneous coronary intervention (46.4%), history of coronary artery bypass surgery (16.0%).Intolerance to statins (83.1%), ezetimibe (44.7%), and both agents was reported frequently (42.6%).Six to nine months after initiation of PCSK9 inhibitor therapy, 61.7% of the patients achieved LDL-C levels ≤70 mg/dl, and 44.3% achieved LDL-C levels ≤55 mg/dl. The median LDL-C was lowered from 141 (IQR 117 - 188) mg/dl at baseline, to 60 (43 - 91) mg/dl (6 to 9 months) and 67 (44 - 89) mg/dl (12 to 18 months) indicating a reduction of LDL-C as follows: -54.9% (interquartile range (IQR) 44.4 – 57.3) after 6 to 9 months, -53.2% (IQR 42.6 – 67.1) after 12 to 18 months from baseline. ConclusionsSignificant reductions in LDL-C and a high percentage of patients achieving recommended treatment targets were observed. Still some patients did not achieve LDL-C levels recommended in current guidelines. Special attention to the characteristics of these patients is required in the future to enable achievement of treatment goals and avoid adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Combination of the pedicled penile skin flap with the penile advancement flap as a coverage technique for repair of urethrocutaneous fistulas secondary to urethroplasty
Authors: Jin chongrui , Sa Yinglong , Xu Yuemin , Fu Qiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The urethrocutaneous fistula is a common complication secondary to urethroplasty. The management is complex and not standard yet. We report our experience and techique with combined pedicled skin flap and local skin advancement flap for urethrocutaneous fistulas secondary to urethroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively analysed data of 36 cases of urethrocutaneous fistulas secondary to different urethroplasties treated from January 2014 to January 2019. All patients underwent treatment with the combination of a pedicled penile skin flap and local skin advancement flap as a coverage technique. The fistula size, fistula location, number of fistulas, and surgical outcomes of fistula repair were recorded. Postoperative evaluation included voiding cystourethrography, uroflowmetry. All patients underwent postoperative follow-up for 6 to 12 months. Results: Fistula repair was successfully performed in all 36 patients. The overall success rate of urethrocutaneous fistula repair was 30/36 (83.3%). Three patients were cured after a second surgery, one was cured after wound dressing, and two were lost to follow-up after failure of the second surgery. Among all patients, the treatment success rate for urethrocutaneous fistulas in the coronal sulcus, penis, penoscrotal junction, and perineum was 2/2 (100%), 21/26 (80.8%), 5/6 (83.3%), and 2/2 (100%), respectively. The treatment success rate for small- and large-diameter urethrocutaneous fistulas was 23/27 (85.2%) and 7/9 (77.8%), respectively. The treatment success rate for single and double urethrocutaneous fistulas was 28/33 (84.8%) and 2/3 (66.7%), respectively. During the 6- to 12-month follow-up, one patient developed a urethral stricture at the urethral fistula repair site and was cured by urethral dilation Conclusions: The repair of urethrocutaneous fistula secondary urethroplasty induces minimal trauma but is quite challenging for surgeons and has a high failure rate. The combined pedicled skin flap and local skin advancement flap for coverage the urethrocutaneous fistulas secondary to urethroplasty can improve the success rate.
Functional and Clinical Outcome With Modified Lateral Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty in Stiff Hips With Ankylosing Spondylitis&nbsp;
Authors: JACOB MATHEW KIRAN , VJ CHANDY , TD HARIHARAN , SHANKAR ARUN , POONNOOSE PRADEEP MATHEW , OOMMEN ANIL THOMAS 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis at THA have significant hip stiffness with flexion deformity and restricted function. ROM (range of movement) improvement with good functional outcome is seen following THA with modified lateral approach in these hips.Methods 69hips who underwent THA with a modified Hardinge approach in 40patients were evaluated at a mean follow up of 38.33 months (0 to 83 months). Modified Harris hip score, ROM (range of movement), and SF 36 scores were used to assess clinical and functional improvement at review. Results 69 hips with significant decrease in ROM preoperatively with 32 clinically fused hips showed significant improvement in the range of flexion. The mean flexion in 69 hips improved from 29.35 (SD 31.38) to 102.17 degrees (SD10.48). The mean difference of 72.82 with p Value <0.0001 was found to be significant. 45 /69 hips had fixed flexion deformity with 13 hips having a deformity above 30 degrees. The flexion at review was below 90 degrees in 3 hips. Eleven hips had flexion of 90 degrees at review while the remaining 55 hips had flexion above 100 degrees. Modified HHS improved from 17.03(SD 6.02) to 90.66 (SD7.23). SF 36 at review indicated health status in 40 patients as excellent in 11, very good in 20, fair in 3 and poor in 1. Mean mental health score was 84.10(SD11.58)Conclusion Our study suggests that modified lateral approach THA in AS with stiff hips achieves significant improvement in ROM, HHS and quality of life indicated by SF12 and SF36 scores. Modified lateral approach is useful especially in fused AS hips with flexion deformity.
Indicators for measuring health promotion practice among healthcare workers in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, South Africa: A cross sectional study
Authors: Melariri Herbert Ikechukwu , Chimbari Moses J. , Kalinda Chester 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Measuring indicators for health promotion (HP) practice among healthcare workers is essential if health goals and objectives must be achieved. Such indicators provide connections between health policies and health outcomes; and ultimately add value to healthcare. This study identified indicators of health promotion among healthcare workers and compared them across levels of healthcare facilities in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, South Africa. Method: A cross sectional study involving 495 healthcare workers randomly sampled from 23 hospitals including primary, secondary, and tertiary level hospitals was conducted. Questionnaires were distributed to medical doctors, nurses, and allied health workers (AHW) such as social workers, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapist. Questions (hereto referred to as dimensions) in the questionnaires were categorized to address Facility Related Indicators (FRI), Health worker related indicators (HRI) and Outcome related indicators (ORI). Descriptive and bivariate analysis were used to identify the indicators of HP among the three HCW groups from the three levels of health care. Indicators observed to be significant in the bivariate analysis were subjected to a multivariate analysis using the multinomial regression model. (p–value < 0.05).Results: Emerging Indicators were grouped into three categories: facility related indicators (FRI), healthcare workers’ related indicators (HRI), and outcome related indicators (ORI). Four FRI dimensions were observed to be predictors of HP among doctors. Two dimensions were positively associated with HP practices while two others were negatively associated with HP practices among medical doctors and AHWs. On the other hand, seven HRI dimensions were significantly associated with HP among medical doctors and AHW. Furthermore, 5 outcome related indicator (ORI) dimensions were significant predictors of HP among medical doctors while only two dimensions were predictors of HP among AHW. The generalized Hosmer–Lemeshow Chi-square test showed that the models for the different HP indicators fit the data.Conclusions:We identified indicators for measuring HP that can be applied at primary, secondary and tertiary hospitals in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, South Africa. These indicators which healthcare workers and health systems’ managers in the study area should be aware of may be adapted for use in other areas.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Guidance for pT1-3N0-1 Breast Cancer Patients with HR+, HER2- subtype: a study based on SEER database
Authors: Qiu juanjuan , Xu Li , Wang Yu , Zhang Jia , Yang Jiqiao , Lv Qing , Du Zhenggui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Although the results of gene testing can guide early breast cancer patients with HR+, HER2- to decide whether they need chemotherapy, there are still many patients worldwide whose problems cannot be solved well by genetic testing.
Methods

144 735 patients with HR+, HER2-, pT1-3N0-1 breast cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included from 2010 to 2015. They were divided into chemotherapy (n = 38 392) and no chemotherapy (n = 106 343) group, and after propensity score matching, 23 297 pairs of patients were left. Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were tested by Kaplan–Meier plot and log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was constructed and validated by C-index and calibrate curves. Patients were divided into high- or low-risk group according to their nomogram score using X-tile.
Results

Patients receiving chemotherapy had better OS before and after matching (p < 0.05) but BCSS was not significantly different between patients with and without chemotherapy after matching: hazard ratio (HR) 1.005 (95%CI 0.897, 1.126). Independent prognostic factors were included to construct the nomogram to predict BCSS of patients without chemotherapy. Patients in the high-risk group (score > 238) can get better OS HR 0.583 (0.507, 0.671) and BCSS HR 0.791 (0.663, 0.944) from chemotherapy but the low-risk group (score ≤ 238) cannot.
Conclusion

The well-validated nomogram and a risk stratification model was built. Patients in the high-risk group should receive chemotherapy while patients in low-risk group may be exempt from chemotherapy.
Implementing evidence-based task-strengthening strategies for hypertension control within Ghana’s Community-based Health Planning Services: a concept mapping analysis
Authors: Nyame Solomon , Iwelunmor Juliet , Asante Kwaku Poku , Gyamfi Joyce , Adjei Kwame , Apusiga Kingsley , Onakomaiya Deborah , Adjei Kezia Gladys Amaning , Aifah Angela , Plange-Rhule Jacob , Ogedegbe Gbenga 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

As efforts are made to systematically implement an evidence-based task-strengthening strategy for hypertension control (TASSH) in Ghana, understanding their content can help national, regional and district health stakeholders within Ghana’s Health Services (GHS) identify strategies for enhancing intervention uptake and sustainability in their local context. This study sought to describe national, regional and district health stakeholders’ perspectives and characterize the array of strategies needed to enhance the uptake of evidence-based TASSH within Ghana’s Community-based Health and Planning Services (CHPS) zones.
Methods

This qualitative study was conducted among national, regional and district health stakeholders within GHS serving patients who utilize CHPS zones. The CHPS initiative is Ghana’s flagship strategy for achieving universal health coverage. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 national, regional and district health stakeholders identified via purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted in 2018. Data analysis was conducted between July 2019 and December 2019. Data was analyzed using group concept mapping systems to identify major themes and subthemes.
Results

About 68 % of participants were male with mean age of 40 years and mean years of experience providing hypertension-related care within GHS of 9 years. A conceptual map emerged, consisting of 46 strategies needed for implementing evidence-based TASSH, organized into 6 clusters: 1) Referral Systems; 2) Availability of Equipment; 3) Protocols and Guidelines; 4) Capacity Building/Training; 5) Policy Reform, and 6) Technical Support and Supervision. Availability of equipment was rated as the most important strategy (mean 4.80 out of 5) needed to implement evidence-based TASSH, while Capacity Building/Training was rated as the most feasible strategy (mean 4.20 out of 5) to address. Although important (mean 4.40 out of 5), Policy reform was rated as the least important and feasible strategy to address.
Conclusions

These findings demonstrate strategies that can help inform future interventions focused on the adoption and sustainability of evidence-based TASSH within Ghana’s CHPS zones. Also, national, regional and district health stakeholders can support healthcare workers by facilitating access to equipment and strategies for enhancing capacity and training with implementing evidence-based task-shifting hypertension interventions in Ghana.
The Efficacy of Intravenous Tanexamic Acid in One-stage Anterior Thoracic Tuberculosis Surgery
Authors: Li Sibei , Xu Zuyuan , Fang Dejian , Zhong Xin , Chen Haoyi , Pan Jianchao , Hong Biaohui , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSpinal Tuberculosis was the most affected region in bone tuberculosis. There were variant hemostatic medicines of different mechanisms reported in spinal surgery previously. The effect of Tanexamic Acid (TXA) in anterior spinal tuberculosis surgery is still obscure. The aim of current study is to elucidate the hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid in anterior thoracic tuberculosis surgery.MethodsRetrospective study was performed with 169 thoracic tuberculosis patients underwent one-stage anterior operation. Eighty patients were performed TXA peri-operation prescription. Forty patients (Pre-operation group, Pre-OP group) started TXA after corpectomy and other forty patients (Intra-operation group, Intra-OP group) were started with the induction of anesthesia. The second dose was 3 hours after the first dose. Pre-operation, 1 day post-operation, and 1 week post-operation blood routine test and blood coagulation test were recorded. Hemoglobin(HGB) variance was the difference value between pre-operation HGB and pos-operation HGB; Blood per level was the value of operation bleeding divided level. Health related quality of life parameters included Visual Analogue Scale score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI). Comparison study was performed among each groups. Correlation study was performed among each parameters in different groups. ResultsCompared to control group, TXA group showed significant decreased on Post-OP Bleeding, and increased on Post-OP HGB, Post-OP HCT and HGB variance. There were no significantly differences among all parameters between Pre-OP group and Intra-OP group. Significant correlation were shown between operation bleeding and post-operation bleeding in control group while the correlation were not significant in TXA group, Pre-OP group and Intra-OP group. Operation bleeding was significantly correlated with Operation Level, Operation Time and HGB variance in all groups. Post-OP Bleeding was significantly correlated with HGB variance in control group, TXA group and Pre-OP group, expect Intra-OP group. There were no significantly difference among all groups, although VAS and ODI showed reduction post-operation.ConclusionsTranexamic acid can effectively preserve surgical hemoglobin loss and reduce post-operation drainage in one-stage anterior thoracic tuberculosis surgery. But the effect of reducing intra-operation bleeding is not significant. Health related quality of life is not influenced by TXA.
Optimization of Centrifugal Slurry Pump Through the Splitter Blades Position
Authors: Abdolahnejad Ehsan , Moghimi Mahdi , Derakhshan Shahram 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Optimal transfer of two-phase solid-liquid flow (slurry flow) has long been a major industrial challenge. Slurry pumps are among the most common types of centrifugal pumps used to deal with this transfer issue. The approach of improving slurry pumps and consequently increasing the efficiency of a flow transmission system requires overcoming the effects of slurry flow such as the reduction in head, efficiency, and wear. This study attempts to investigate the changes in the pump head by modifying the slip factor distribution in the impeller channel. For this purpose, the effect of splitter blades on slip factor distribution to improve the pump head was investigated using numerical simulation tools and validated based on experimental test data. Next, an optimization process was used to determine the characteristics of the splitter (i.e., length, number, and environmental position of the splitter) based on a combination of experimental design methods, surface response, and genetic algorithm. The optimization results indicate that the splitters were in a relative circumferential position of 67.2% to the suction surface of the main blade. Also, the optimal number and length of splitter blades were 6 and 62.8% of the length of the main blades, respectively. Because of adding splitter blades and the reduction in the flow passage, the best efficiency point (BEP) of the slurry pump moved toward lower flow rates. The result of splitter optimization was the increase in pump head from 29.7 m to 31.7 m and the upkeep of efficiency in the initial values.
Simulation and Control of High-Order Flatness in Rolling Wide Titanium Strip With 20-High Mill
Authors: Zhou Guanyu , Li Hui , He Anrui , Liu Chao , Sun Wenquan , Chen Simeng , Liu Zhengqiao , Han Cong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In wide titanium strip cold rolling process, the high-order flatness defect is one of the most difficult problem to be solved. Based on finite element method, considering the anisotropic mechanical characteristics of titanium, an implicit integration calculation model of rolls-strip for 20-high mill was developed, which can simulate the dynamic rolling process. The model was used to analyze the adjustment characteristics of high-order flatness on the 20-high mill. The simulation revealed as the increasing of the 1# & 7# AS-U or 2# & 6# AS-U press adjustment, the high-order flatness defect was more aggravated; And as the increasing of 3# & 5# AS-U or 4# AS-U press adjustment, the high-order flatness defect was alleviated to some extent. In addition, the high-order flatness cannot be effectively adjusted by roll shifting. Finally, the industrial test showed that increasing 4# AS-U press adjustment can effectively relieve the high-order flatness defect.