bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcortical brain volume and cortical thickness in adolescent girls and women with binge eating
Authors: Hagan Kelsey E. , Bohon Cara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlterations in brain structure have been implicated in the onset and acute phases of several forms of psychopathology. However, there is a dearth of research investigating brain structure in persons with binge eating, contributing to poor understanding of mechanisms associated with binge eating.MethodAdolescent girls and women (aged 14–35 years) with binge eating (n = 56) and group age‐matched girls and women without binge eating (n = 26) completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and interview‐based and self‐report assessments of eating disorder and general psychopathology. MRI data were processed using FreeSurfer. Analysis of covariance tested mean differences in subcortical volume and cortical thickness of a priori selected regions of interest between binge‐eating and non‐binge‐eating groups, controlling for age, body mass index, purging frequency, depression, and medication use. Exploratory partial correlations tested associations between brain structure and eating disorder symptoms within participants with binge eating.ResultsWe did not observe differences in regional subcortical volume and cortical thickness between girls and women with and without binge eating. Within participants with binge eating, severity of attitudinal eating disorder symptoms was inversely associated with caudal middle frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, superior parietal, left inferior parietal thickness, and left accumbens volume; however, these associations would not survive multiple‐comparison corrections.DiscussionCorrelations between attitudinal eating disorder symptoms and frontoparietal thinning may represent a state marker of binge eating. Future research could investigate whether frontoparietal thinning worsens with illness duration or persists beyond binge eating cessation.
Predicting the Structural Transition in Medium‐Sized Boron Nanoclusters: From Bilayer B64, B66, B68, B70, and B72 to Core‐Shell B74
Authors: Pei Ling , Yan Qiao‐Qiao , Li Si‐Dian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent experimental observation of the first bilayer clusters B48−/0 reveals a new structural domain in boron nanostructures. Inspired by the previously reported bilayer B48, B54, B60, and B62 and based on extensive global‐minimum searches and density‐functional theory calculations, we predict herein a new series of medium‐sized bilayer boron nanoclusters C2 B64 (I), D2 B66 (II), D2 B68 (III), C1 B70 (IV), and Ci B72 (V) which all contain an elongated B46 bilayer hexagonal prism at the center with four effective interlayer 2c–2e B−B σ bonds formed between the top and bottom layers and the bilayer to core‐shell structural transition at B74 where core‐shell species start to dominate in thermodynamics, defining the up‐limit of the bilayer boron nanoclusters at B72. The newly obtained bilayer C2 B64 (I), D2 B68 (III), and C1 B70 (IV) appear to be systematically more stable than the previously reported cage‐like D4d B64, core‐shell C1 B68, and quasi‐planar C3v B70, respectively. Detailed bonding analyses indicate that these bilayer species follow the universal bonding pattern of σ+π double delocalization, rendering three‐dimensional aromaticity to the systems. The IR, Raman, and UV‐vis spectra of the concerned bilayer species are computationally simulated to facilitate their future characterizations.
Comparison of physicochemical properties, amino acids, mineral elements, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of Cuban fruit and rice wines
Authors: Núñez Lázaro , Serratosa María P. , Godoy Ana , Fariña Laura , Dellacassa Eduardo , Moyano Lourdes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhysicochemical characterization, amino acids contents, minerals composition, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of Cuban wines from different raw materials were studied. The wines studied were grape wines, tropical fruit wines, and rice wines. Twenty‐one amino acids were identified and quantified, being Asp and Glu detected in all wines. The highest concentration of total amino acid content was found in wines elaborated from Cimarrona grape subjected to maceration with grape skins, while the raisined mixture grape wine presented the lowest values, probably caused by the amino acid degradation during the dehydration process by sun exposure. Minerals quantified were range amount limits of acceptable according to the OIV recommendation. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity showed the greatest values in wine from roasting rice. No statistical separation could be clearly observed by multivariate principal component analysis; however, 3 wine groups could be defined taking account the scores on the PC1.
Baby bonus in Switzerland: Effects on fertility, newborn health, and birth‐scheduling
Authors: Chuard Caroline , Chuard‐Keller Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of birth allowances (so‐called baby bonus) on fertility, newborn health, and birth‐scheduling in Switzerland. Switzerland provides an optimal quasi‐experiment: 11 out of 26 cantons introduced a baby bonus during the last 50 years at different points in time. To identify the effect of changes in the baby bonus, we employ an event study with control groups using several administrative data sets on births, stillbirths, and infant deaths in Switzerland from 1969 to 2017. While there is no evidence for birth‐scheduling, we find, however, a sizable but only temporary increase in the fertility rate of 5.5% and a permanent but diminishing increase in the birth weight of 2.8%. The latter effect is particularly strong at the lower end of the birth weight distribution. Furthermore, we document substantial heterogeneity by citizenship of mothers.
Hepatic Adenosine Triphosphate Reduction Through the Short‐Chain Fatty Acids–Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor γ–Uncoupling Protein 2 Axis Alleviates Immune‐Mediated Acute Hepatitis in Inulin‐Supplemented Mice
Authors: Yamaguchi Akihiro , Teratani Toshiaki , Chu Po‐sung , Suzuki Takahiro , Taniki Nobuhito , Mikami Yohei , Shiba Shunsuke , Morikawa Rei , Amiya Takeru , Aoki Ryo , Kanai Takanori , Nakamoto Nobuhiro 
Published: June 2021

How liver tolerance is disrupted in immune‐mediated liver injury is currently unclear. There is also insufficient information available regarding susceptibility, precipitation, escalation, and perpetuation of autoimmune hepatitis. To explore how dietary fiber influences hepatic damage, we applied the concanavalin A (ConA)‐induced acute immune‐mediated liver injury model in mice fed a diet supplemented with 6.8% inulin, a water‐soluble fermentable fiber. Twelve hours after ConA administration, inulin‐supplemented diet‐fed mice demonstrated significantly alleviated hepatic damage histologically and serologically, with down‐regulation of hepatic interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor and reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐producing neutrophil infiltration. Preconditioning with an inulin‐supplemented diet for 2 weeks significantly reduced hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content; suramin, a purinergic P2 receptor antagonist, abolished the protective effect. Of note, the portal plasma derived from mice fed the inulin‐supplemented diet significantly alleviated ConA‐induced immune‐mediated liver injury. Mechanistically, increased portal short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, such as those of acetate and butyrate, by inulin supplementation leads to up‐regulation of hepatic γ‐type peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (Pparg) and uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2), which uncouples mitochondrial ATP synthesis downstream of PPARγ. Pparg down‐regulating small interfering RNA cancelled the protective effect of inulin supplementation against MPO‐producing neutrophil infiltration and the subsequent immune‐mediated liver injury, suggesting that the SCFA–PPARγ–UCP2 axis plays a key role in the protective effect by inulin supplementation. Moreover, significant changes in the gut microbiota, including increased operational taxonomic units in genera Akkermansia and Allobaculum, also characterized the protective effect of the inulin‐supplemented diet. Conclusion: There is a possible unraveled etiopathophysiological link between the maintenance of liver tolerance and dietary fiber. The SCFA–PPARγ–UCP2 axis may provide therapeutic targets for immune‐mediated liver injury in the future.
Global health and health workforce development: what to learn from COVID‐19 on health workforce preparedness and resilience
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Dussault Gilles , Correia Tiago 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis Special Issue is dedicated to the healthcare workers across the globe. It draws together studies from different disciplines and regions to identify important lessons learned on weaknesses as well as on opportunities for health workforce innovation through a global health lens. Beginning with strategic reflections on the role of the health workforce and public health competences in responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis, major themes include the protection and experiences of frontline healthcare workers, the role of health systems and policy, planning and management issues, and education and health labour markets. Developed in collaboration with European Public Health Association ‘Health Workforce Research’ section, the Special Issue contributes to the WHO International Year of Health and Care Workers (YHCW) in 2021 in recognition of their dedication to providing care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, even risking their own health and life.
Circ_HECW2 regulates LPS‐induced apoptosis of chondrocytes via miR‐93 methylation
Authors: Zuo Jianwei , Chen Chen , Zhang Xintao , Wu Jiangyi , Li Canfeng , Huang Shuai , He Peiheng , Wa Qingde , Zhang Wentao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionCirc_HECW2 plays a key role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced signal transduction, which is critical in osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, we analyzed the role of Circ_HECW2 in osteoarthritis.MethodsThe expression of Circ_HECW2 and miR‐93 was examined using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V‐FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit.ResultsCirc_HECW2 and miR‐93 were inversely correlated, with Circ_HECW2 upregulated and miR‐93 downregulated in OA and LPS‐induced chondrocytes. Circ_HECW2 overexpression inhibited miR‐93 expression and increased methylation of miR‐93 coding gene. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that Circ_HECW2 overexpression increased LPS‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis, while MiR‐93 overexpression reversed the effects of Circ_HECW2 on chondrocyte apoptosis.ConclusionIn summary, our data revealed that the Circ_HECW2 is highly expressed in OA and might inhibit miR‐93 expression through methylation to affect LPS‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis.
Rigosertib inhibits MEK1–ERK pathway and alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced sepsis
Authors: Wang Yin , Du Pengfei , Jiang Donghui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHere, by using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mice sepsis model, we treated septic wild‐type (WT) mice or MEK1DD mice with rigosertib to evaluate its prospective effects on sepsis.MethodsWe also generated macrophages derived from bone marrow from WT or MEK1DD mice. These macrophages were pretreated with rigosertib and then induced with LPS or poly I:C.ResultsRigosertib suppressed LPS or poly I:C‐induced expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α] and interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], and IL‐23) in WT bone marrow–derived macrophages while failed to affect the upregulation of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in LPS‐treated bone marrow–derived macrophages from MEK1DD mice. Rigosertib promoted survival rate, ameliorated lung injury, and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels in serum of WT septic mice.ConclusionIn contrast, the effects of rigosertib on sepsis were abrogated in septic MEK1DD mice, which had inducible constitutive activation of MEK1 signaling. Rigosertib alleviated LPS‐induced sepsis inhibits MEK1/ERK signaling pathway.
Time‐related variation in IgG subclass concentrations in a group of healthy Danish adults
Authors: Rasmussen Kristina Fruerlund , Sprogøe Ulrik , Nielsen Christian , Shalom Dana‐Bar , Assing Kristian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionImmunoglobulin G subclass measurements are important for the diagnostic work‐up of immunodeficiencies and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) related diseases. It is currently unknown whether a single sampling is truly representative for an individual's IgG subclass concentrations. This study aimed to investigate whether IgG and IgG subclass concentrations in healthy individuals are stable over time.MethodWith a span of median 42 weeks, four samples from each of 54 (34M, 20F) healthy adult volunteers (24–66 years) were analyzed for IgG and IgG1–4 using turbidimetry. Concentrations were compared within and between individuals.ResultsIgG and IgG subclass concentrations followed either a normal (IgG, IgG1, and IgG3) or log normal (IgG2 and IgG4) distribution. Immunoglobulin 4 demonstrated by far the widest range of concentrations between individuals (670‐fold: 0.004–2.68 g/L). Immunoglobulin G subclass variations within individuals were expressed as pooled standard deviations (PSD). These ranged from 0.056 (IgG4) to 0.955 g/L (IgG) and correlated with mean concentration of IgG or the particular IgG subclass. As a consequence, the relative PSDs (i.e., PSD divided by mean IgG or IgG subclass concentration) fell within a narrow range: 5.82%–10.1%. Based on these numbers, the 95%‐upper one‐sided confidence limits for intraindividual IgG and IgG subclass variation was calculated to range from 9.82% (IgG2) to 16.9% (IgG4).ConclusionThe study documents that IgG or IgG subclass concentrations within healthy individuals are very stable over at least 42 weeks. The expected variation for IgG4 concentrations at a 95% confidence level does not exceed ±16.9%.
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Authors: Gu Zhen‐Yi , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Xie Dan , Sun Zhong‐Hui , Zhao Chen‐De , Liang Hao‐Jie , Li Wen‐Hao , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: June 2021

Phosphate cathodes of sodium‐ion batteries usually exhibit low conductivity, seriously hinders their electrochemical properties. The authors (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12184) of this manuscript regulate the fluorophosphate lattice with increased ionicity via aliovalent substitution, achieving the higher structural stability, improved electron/ion‐transport kinetics, and superior energy‐storage performances in advanced Na3.14V1.93Na0.07(PO4)2F3 cathode.
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Oxidative stress responses of a freshwater fish, Labeo rohita, to a xenobiotic, bisphenol S
Authors: Shehna Mahim S. , Anjali V. R. , Remya V. S. , Reshmi S. , Aruna Devi C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBisphenol S (BPS) is an organic chemical that has been used as a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA) in making polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, thermal receipt papers, and currency bills, as BPA has been reported to have dreadful effects on the living system. From this view point, the present study investigates whether BPS has the same or rather more toxic effects like BPA or not. Limited studies were carried out on the effect of BPS on fish. The hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), along with the nonenzymatic antioxidant, glutathione, in a freshwater fish, Labeo rohita, were selected as biomarkers. The results revealed that the sublethal exposure of BPS significantly influenced the activities of these biomarkers. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products such as malondialdehyde and conjugate diene levels were also altered by the exposure. The alteration in the levels of antioxidants and LPO products after BPS exposure clearly showed that the fish experienced oxidative stress. Furthermore, the current study showed that BPS is a pollutant with oxidative potential by disrupting the antioxidant enzymes.
COVID‐19 spreading across world correlates with C677T allele of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene prevalence
Authors: Ponti Giovanni , Pastorino Lorenza , Manfredini Marco , Ozben Tomris , Oliva Gabriella , Kaleci Shaniko , Iannella Raffaele , Tomasi Aldo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHomocysteine assessment has been proposed as a potential predictive biomarker for the severity of COVID‐19 infection. The purpose of this review was to analyze the correlation between the prevalence of MTHFR C677 T gene polymorphism and COVID‐19 incidence and mortality worldwide.MethodsData regarding MTHFR C677 T gene mutation were obtained from the interrogation of the Genome Aggregation Database (genomAD), which is publicly available from the web“https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org.” COVID‐19 cases, including prevalence and mortality, were obtained from“https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus” 27 August 2020.ResultsThere is a clear trend toward the worldwide prevalence of MTHFR 677 T and COVID‐19 incidence and mortality. The prevalence of MTHFR 677 T allele in the Latino population, and the incidence and mortality for COVID‐19 was higher for this ethnic group than that reported for most other populations globally. Statistical analysis showed a relatively strong correlation between C677 T and death from coronavirus.ConclusionsGenetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677 T may modulate the incidence and severity of COVID‐19 pandemic infection.
Evaluating the feasibility of a consumer‐grade wearable EEG headband to aid assessment of state and trait mindfulness
Authors: Hunkin Hugh , King Daniel L. , Zajac Ian T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesMeasures from wearable devices could be a valuable supplement to mindfulness assessment and intervention. This observational study evaluated measures from a consumer‐grade EEG headband (Muse, InteraXon, Inc.) as novel correlates of state mindfulness during focused attention meditation.MethodsAdult participants (N = 68, M
age = 22.66, SD
age = 7.35) completed a task‐based measure of state mindfulness and thought probe measures of subjective mind wandering while meditating with the EEG headband. A subset completed 14 days of home practice (n = 29).ResultsDevice measures were sensitive to attention lapses within‐participants in the state mindfulness task (d = 0.56) and had large between‐participants associations for the same task (r = −0.50). Mean device metrics from home practice together explained approximately 30% of variance in self‐reported trait mindfulness, attentional control, nonattachment, and decentering.ConclusionEEG biomarkers show potential as correlates of mindfulness with distinct benefits over existing assessment methods.
Novel TREM2 splicing isoform that lacks the V-set immunoglobulin domain is abundant in the human brain
Authors: Kiianitsa Kostantin , Kurtz Irina , Beeman Neal , Matsushita Mark , Chien Wei-Ming , Raskind Wendy H , Korvatska Olena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an immunoglobulin-like receptor expressed by certain myeloid cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and microglia. In the brain, TREM2 plays an important role in the immune function of microglia, and its dysfunction is linked to various neurodegenerative conditions in humans. Ablation of TREM2 or its adaptor protein TYROBP causes polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (also known as Nasu-Hakola disorder) with early onset of dementia, whereas some missense variants in TREM2 are associated with an increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The human TREM2 gene is subject to alternative splicing, and its major, full-length canonic transcript encompasses 5 exons. Herein, we report a novel alternatively spliced TREM2 isoform without exon 2 (Δe2), which constitutes a sizable fraction of TREM2 transcripts and has highly variable inter-individual expression in the human brain (average frequency 10%; range 3.7–35%). The protein encoded by Δe2 lacks a V-set immunoglobulin domain from its extracellular part but retains its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. We demonstrated Δe2 protein expression in TREM2-positive THP-1 cells, in which the expression of full-length transcript was precluded by CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of the exon 2 coding frame. Similar to the full-length TREM2, Δe2 is sorted to the plasma membrane and is subject to receptor shedding. In “add-back” experiments, Δe2 TREM2 had diminished capacity to restore phagocytosis of amyloid beta peptide and promote IFN-I response as compared to full-length TREM2. Our findings suggest that changes in the balance of two mutually exclusive TREM2 isoforms may modify the dosage of full-length transcript potentially weakening some TREM2 receptor functions in the human brain.
ELISPOT assay of interferon‐γ secretion for evaluating human cytomegalovirus reactivation risk in allo‐HSCT recipients
Authors: Liang Hanying , Xia Jintao , Zhang Runan , Yang Bing , Wu Jian , Gui Genyong , Huang Yaping , Chen Xiaoming , Yang Rong , Wang Huiqi , Gong Shengnan , Fan Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common cause of significant morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). We evaluated interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) secretion by HCMV NLV‐specific CD8+ T cells in HCMV‐reactivated allo‐HSCT recipients using an enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay at 3 months post‐transplantation. Blood samples from 47 recipients were tested for HCMV DNAemia, HCMV pp65 antigenemia, and anti‐HCMV immunoglobulins (IgG/IgM) over 3 months post‐transplantation. Of the 47 transplant recipients, 26 were HLA‐A*02 positive and 21 were HLA‐A*02 negative. The results were essentially consistent between the 47 transplant recipients and the HLA‐A*02‐positive recipients. HCMV DNAemia was not linearly correlated with IFN‐γ spot‐forming cells (SFCs) counts; IFN‐γ SFCs counts did not differ significantly between the HCMV DNAemia‐positive and ‐negative groups, whereas the HCMV‐DNA virus loads were inversely correlated with the IFN‐γ SFCs counts. HCMV pp65 antigenemia was not linearly correlated with IFN‐γ SFCs counts; IFN‐γ SFCs counts in the HCMV pp65 antigenemia‐positive and ‐negative groups were similar. More IFN‐γ SFCs counts were detected in transplant recipients with high anti‐HCMV‐IgG antibody titers than in those with low anti‐HCMV‐IgG titers pre‐transplantation in the 47 recipients. Anti‐HCMV‐IgG antibody titers were positively linearly correlated with IFN‐γ SFCs counts in HLA‐A*02‐positive recipients. The HCMV infection indicators used to monitor HCMV reactivation had different values in transplant recipients. The use of the IFN‐γ SFCs counts measured by ELISPOT to evaluate the risk of HCMV reactivation needs further study.