bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the structures, stability, and light absorption properties of three thiostannates synthesised at similar conditions
Authors: Jeppesen Henrik S. , Nørby Peter , Gammelgaard Jens Jakob , Borup Kasper , Lock Nina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present the synthesis, crystal structures and optical properties of three thiostannates prepared by using 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEPz) as structure directing agent. Two of the thiostannates are layered materials (AEPz-SnS-1 and AEPz:EtOH-SnS-1) consisting of [Sn3S72−]n sheets with organic cations located in-between. The third compound is a molecular thiostannate (Sn2S6(AEPzH2)2) composed of dimeric Sn2S64− and AEPzH22+. In preparation of the layered compounds, the use of AEPz as the only solvent results in AEPz-SnS-1 with regular hexagonal pores and crystallographically disordered organic cations. In contrast, a mixture of AEPz and absolute ethanol gives AEPz:EtOH-SnS-1 with distorted hexagonal pores and ordered cations between the layers. The influence of cation order on the light absorption properties and the material thermal stability was investigated through thermal treatment of the layered compounds up to 200 °C. Both compounds show colour changes when heated, but cation order results in larger thermal stability. For AEPz-SnS-1, a decreased inter-layer distance and substantial loss of organic matter was observed when heated. However, pair distribution function analysis reveals that the local in-layer thiostannate structure of AEPz-SnS-1 remains unchanged. In contrast, AEPz:EtOH-SnS-1 does not undergo noticeable structural changes by the thermal treatment. All materials are optical semiconductors with band gaps of 3.0–3.1 eV.
DPP promotes odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs through NF-κB signaling
Authors: Chen Yinghua , Pethö Adrienn , Ganapathy Amudha , George Anne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDentin phosphophoryn synthesized and processed predominantly by the odontoblasts, functions as both structural and signaling protein. Mechanistic studies revealed that DPP stimulation of DPSCs positively impacted the differentiation of DPSCs into functional odontoblasts. Results show that NF-κB signaling and transcriptional activation of genes involved in odontoblast differentiation were influenced by DPP signaling. Specifically, RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB was identified as being responsible for the initiation of the differentiation cascade. Confocal imaging demonstrated the nuclear translocation of p65 with DPP stimulation. Moreover, direct binding of nuclear NF-κB p65 subunit to the promoter elements of Runx2, Osx, OCN, MMP1, MMP3, BMP4 and PTX3 were identified by ChIP analysis. Pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB pathway using TPCA-1, a selective inhibitor of IKK-2 and JSH-23, an inhibitor that prevents nuclear translocation and DNA binding of p65 showed impairment in the differentiation process. Functional studies using Alizarin-Red staining showed robust mineral deposits with DPP stimulation and sparse deposition with defective odontoblast differentiation in the presence of inhibitors. In vivo expression of NF-κB targets such as OSX, OCN, PTX3 and p65 in odontoblasts and dental pulp cells from DSPP null mouse was lower when compared with the wild-type. Overall, the results suggest an important role for DPP-mediated NF-κB activation in the transcriptional regulation of early odontogenic markers that promote differentiation of DPSCs.
Context aware semantic adaptation network for cross domain implicit sentiment classification
Authors: Zuo Enguang , Aysa Alimjan , Muhammat Mahpirat , Zhao Yuxia , Ubul Kurban 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCross-domain sentiment classification could be attributed to two steps. The first step is used to extract the text representation, and the other is to reduce domain discrepancy. Existing methods mostly focus on learning the domain-invariant information, rarely consider using the domain-specific semantic information, which could help cross-domain sentiment classification; traditional adversarial-based models merely focus on aligning the global distribution ignore maximizing the class-specific decision boundaries. To solve these problems, we propose a context-aware semantic adaptation (CASA) network for cross-domain implicit sentiment classification (ISC). CASA can provide more semantic relationships and an accurate understanding of the emotion-changing process for ISC tasks lacking explicit emotion words. (1) To obtain inter- and intrasentence semantic associations, our model builds a context-aware heterogeneous graph (CAHG), which can aggregate the intrasentence dependency information and the intersentence node interaction information, followed by an attention mechanism that remains high-level domain-specific features. (2) Moreover, we conduct a new multigrain discriminator (MGD) to effectively reduce the interdomain distribution discrepancy and improve intradomain class discrimination. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of different modules compared with existing models on the Chinese implicit emotion dataset and four public explicit datasets.
Rare inventory of trematode diversity in a protected natural reserve
Authors: Schwelm Jessica , Selbach Christian , Kremers Jenia , Sures Bernd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the face of ongoing habitat degradation and the biodiversity crisis, natural reserves are important refuges for wildlife. Since most free-living organisms serve as hosts to parasites, the diverse communities in protected areas can be expected to provide suitable habitats for a species-rich parasite fauna. However, to date, assessments of parasite diversity in protected nature reserves are rare. To expand our knowledge of parasite communities in natural habitats, we examined 1994 molluscs belonging to 15 species for trematode infections in a central European natural reserve. The parasitological examination revealed an overall prevalence of 17.3% and a total species richness of 40 trematode species. However, the parasite diversity and prevalence did not differ markedly from trematode communities in non-protected environments, which might be partly explained by a dilution effect caused by a high number of non-host organisms in our study system. The proportion of complex and long life cycles of parasites in the present study is high, indicating complex biotic interactions. We conclude that life cycle complexity, in addition to parasite diversity and trematode species richness, can provide valuable information on ecosystem health and should therefore be considered in future studies.
Increased carvone production in Escherichia coli by balancing limonene conversion enzyme expression via targeted quantification concatamer proteome analysis
Authors: Yoshida Erika , Kojima Motoki , Suzuki Munenori , Matsuda Fumio , Shimbo Kazutaka , Onuki Akiko , Nishio Yousuke , Usuda Yoshihiro , Kondo Akihiko , Ishii Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract(−)-Carvone is a monoterpenoid with a spearmint flavor. A sustainable biotechnological production process for (−)-carvone is desirable. Although all enzymes in (−)-carvone biosynthesis have been functionally expressed in Escherichia coli independently, the yield was low in previous studies. When cytochrome P450 limonene-6-hydroxylase (P450)/cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and carveol dehydrogenase (CDH) were expressed in a single strain, by-product formation (dihydrocarveol and dihydrocarvone) was detected. We hypothesized that P450 and CDH expression levels differ in E. coli. Thus, two strains independently expressing P450/CPR and CDH were mixed with different ratios, confirming increased carvone production and decreased by-product formation when CDH input was reduced. The optimum ratio of enzyme expression to maximize (−)-carvone production was determined using the proteome analysis quantification concatamer (QconCAT) method. Thereafter, a single strain expressing both P450/CPR and CDH was constructed to imitate the optimum expression ratio. The upgraded strain showed a 15-fold improvement compared to the initial strain, showing a 44 ± 6.3 mg/L (−)-carvone production from 100 mg/L (−)-limonene. Our study showed the usefulness of the QconCAT proteome analysis method for strain development in the industrial biotechnology field.
Apolipoprotein E levels in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex predict relative regional brain volumes in irradiated Rhesus macaques
Authors: Kundu Payel , Zimmerman Benjamin , Perez Ruby , Whitlow Christopher T. , Cline J. Mark , Olson John D. , Andrews Rachel N. , Raber Jacob 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the brain, apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays an important role in lipid transport and response to environmental and age-related challenges, including neuronal repair following injury. While much has been learned from radiation studies in rodents, a gap in our knowledge is how radiation might affect the brain in primates. This is important for assessing risk to the brain following radiotherapy as part of cancer treatment or environmental radiation exposure as part of a nuclear accident, bioterrorism, or a nuclear attack. In this study, we investigated the effects of ionizing radiation on brain volumes and apoE levels in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus of Rhesus macaques that were part of the Nonhuman Primate Radiation Survivor Cohort at the Wake Forest University. This unique cohort is composed of Rhesus macaques that had previously received single total body doses of 6.5–8.05 Gy of ionizing radiation. Regional apoE levels predicted regional volume in the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. In addition, apoE levels in the amygdala, but not the hippocampus, strongly predicted relative hippocampal volume. Finally, radiation dose negatively affected relative hippocampal volume when apoE levels in the amygdala were controlled for, suggesting a protective compensatory role of regional apoE levels following radiation exposure. In a supplementary analysis, there also was a robust positive relationship between the neuroprotective protein α-klotho and apoE levels in the amygdala, further supporting the potentially protective role of apoE. Increased understanding of the effects of IR in the primate brain and the role of apoE in the irradiated brain could inform future therapies to mitigate the adverse effects of IR on the CNS.
Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain
Authors: El Ahdab Nawal , Haque Manjurul , Madogwe Ejimedo , Koski Kristine G. , Scott Marilyn E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.
Citral modulates human monocyte responses to Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Oliveira Hellen Braga Martins , das Neves Selis Nathan , Brito Thamara Louisy Santos , Sampaio Beatriz Almeida , de Souza Bittencourt Rafaela , Oliveira Caline Novais Teixeira , Júnior Manoel Neres Santos , Almeida Carolline Florentino , Almeida Palloma Porto , Campos Guilherme Barreto , Amorim Aline Teixeira , Timenetsky Jorge , Romano Carla Cristina , Uetanabaro Ana Paula Trovatti , Yatsuda Regiane , Marques Lucas Miranda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that is considered an important human pathogen. Due to its virulence and ability to acquire mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, the clinical severity of S. aureus infection is driven by inflammatory responses to the bacteria. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the modulating role of citral in inflammation caused by S. aureus infection. For this, we used an isolate obtained from a nasal swab sample of a healthy child attending a day-care centre in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The role of citral in modulating immunological factors against S. aureus infection was evaluated by isolating and cultivating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The monocytes were treated with 4%, 2%, and 1% citral before and after inoculation with S. aureus. The cells were analysed by immunophenotyping of monocyte cell surface molecules (CD54, CD282, CD80, HLA-DR, and CD86) and cytokine dosage (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF-α), and evaluated for the expression of 84 genes related to innate and adaptive immune system responses. GraphPad Prism software and variables with P values < 0.05, were used for statistical analysis. Our data demonstrated citral’s action on the expression of surface markers involved in recognition, presentation, and migration, such as CD14, CD54, and CD80, in global negative regulation of inflammation with inhibitory effects on NF-κB, JNK/p38, and IFN pathways. Consequently, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokine expression was reduced in groups treated with citral and groups treated with citral at 4%, 2%, and 1% and infected, and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 were increased. Furthermore, citral could be used as a supporting anti-inflammatory agent against infections caused by S. aureus. There are no data correlating citral, S. aureus, and the markers analysed here; thus, our study addresses this gap in the literature.
Mineral trioxide aggregate immersed in sodium hypochlorite reduce the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Yamashita Kozue , Tomokiyo Atsushi , Ono Taiga , Ipposhi Keita , Alhasan M. Anas , Tsuchiya Akira , Hamano Sayuri , Sugii Hideki , Yoshida Shinichiro , Itoyama Tomohiro , Maeda Hidefumi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhite mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) is a root canal treatment material, which is known to exhibit a dark brown color when in contact with sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl). This study aimed to investigate the effects of NaOCl on the surface properties of WMTA discs and WMTA-induced osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Mixed WMTA (ProRoot MTA) was filled into the molds to form WMTA discs. These discs were immersed in distilled water (D-WMTA) or 5% NaOCl (Na-WMTA). Their surface structures and Ca2+ release level was investigated. Moreover, they were cultured with a clonal human PDLSC line (line 1–17 cells). The main crystal structures of Na-WMTA were identical to the structures of D-WMTA. Globular aggregates with polygonal and needle-like crystals were found on D-WMTA and Na-WMTA, which included Ca, Si, Al, C and O. However, many amorphous structures were also identified on Na-WMTA. These structures consisted of Na and Cl, but did not include Ca. NaOCl immersion also reduced Ca2+ release level from whole WMTA discs. Line 1–17 cells cultured with D-WMTA formed many mineralized nodules and exhibited high expression levels of osteoblast-related genes. However, cells incubated with Na-WMTA generated a small number of nodules and showed low expression levels of osteoblast-related genes. These results indicated that NaOCl reduced Ca2+ release from WMTA by generating amorphous structures and changing its elemental distribution. NaOCl may also partially abolish the ability of WMTA to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs.
Mechanical properties of dense mycelium-bound composites under accelerated tropical weathering conditions
Authors: Chan Xin Ying , Saeidi Nazanin , Javadian Alireza , Hebel Dirk E. , Gupta Manoj 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMycelium, as the root of fungi, is composed of filamentous strands of fine hyphae that bind discrete substrate particles into a block material. With advanced processing, dense mycelium-bound composites (DMCs) resembling commercial particleboards can be formed. However, their mechanical properties and performance under the working conditions of particleboards are unknown. Here, we show how weathering conditions affect the DMC stress and elastic modulus. DMC was made usingGanoderma lucidummycelium grown on a substrate of sawdust and empty fruit bunch. The DMC was then subjected to weathering under tropical conditions over 35 days and tested under flexural, tensile, and compressive loading with reference to international standards. After exposure to specified weathering conditions, the maximum stress in flexure, tension, and compression decreased substantially. The addition of a protective coating improved the resistance of DMC to weathering conditions; however, the difference between coated and uncoated samples was only found to be statistically significant in tensile strength.
Pharmacological effects of novel microvesicles of basil, on blood glucose and the lipid profile: a preclinical study
Authors: Teofilovic Branislava , Golocorbin-Kon Svetlana , Stilinovic Nebojsa , Grujic-Letic Nevena , Raškovic Aleksandar , Mooranian Armin , Al-Salami Hani , Mikov Momir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroencapsulation represents a process that can create targeted, controlled release kinetics of drugs, thus optimizing therapeutic efficacy. Our group has investigated the impact of this technology on Wistar rats to determine pharmacological efficacy of basil extracts. Animals were treated with water extract of Ocimum basilicum in microvesicles and with combination of basil extracts and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-keto-5-cholanate, also known as 12-monoketocholic acid (MKC) acid in microvesicles for 7 days. Alloxan was used to induce hyperglycemia. Pharmacological effects on glycemia were evaluated by measuring blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Microvesicles were prepared using the Büchi-based microencapsulating system developed in our lab. The dose of basil extract that was orally administered in rats was 200 mg/kg and the dose of MKC acid was 4 mg/kg as per established protocols. A seven-day treatment with basil aqueous extract, as well as a combination of basil and MKC acid extract in the pharmaceutical formulation, led to a statistically significant reduction in the blood glucose concentration of animals with alloxan-induced hyperglycemia compared to pre-treatment values (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), which indicates that basil has hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects. Microvesicles, as a pharmaceutical-technological formulation, substantially enhance the hypolipidemic action of basil extract with MKC acid.
Temporal convolutional networks predict dynamic oxygen uptake response from wearable sensors across exercise intensities
Authors: Amelard Robert , Hedge Eric T. , Hughson Richard L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOxygen consumption ($$\dot{\,{{\mbox{V}}}}{{{\mbox{O}}}}_{2}$$

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) provides established clinical and physiological indicators of cardiorespiratory function and exercise capacity. However, $$\dot{\,{{\mbox{V}}}}{{{\mbox{O}}}}_{2}$$

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monitoring is largely limited to specialized laboratory settings, making its widespread monitoring elusive. Here we investigate temporal prediction of $$\dot{\,{{\mbox{V}}}}{{{\mbox{O}}}}_{2}$$

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from wearable sensors during cycle ergometer exercise using a temporal convolutional network (TCN). Cardiorespiratory signals were acquired from a smart shirt with integrated textile sensors alongside ground-truth $$\dot{\,{{\mbox{V}}}}{{{\mbox{O}}}}_{2}$$

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from a metabolic system on 22 young healthy adults. Participants performed one ramp-incremental and three pseudorandom binary sequence exercise protocols to assess a range of $$\dot{\,{{\mbox{V}}}}{{{\mbox{O}}}}_{2}$$

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dynamics. A TCN model was developed using causal convolutions across an effective history length to model the time-dependent nature of $$\dot{\,{{\mbox{V}}}}{{{\mbox{O}}}}_{2}$$

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. Optimal history length was determined through minimum validation loss across hyperparameter values. The best performing model encoded 218 s history length (TCN-VO2 A), with 187, 97, and 76 s yielding <3% deviation from the optimal validation loss. TCN-VO2 A showed strong prediction accuracy (mean, 95% CI) across all exercise intensities (−22 ml min−1, [−262, 218]), spanning transitions from low–moderate (−23 ml min−1, [−250, 204]), low–high (14 ml min−1, [−252, 280]), ventilatory threshold–high (−49 ml min−1, [−274, 176]), and maximal (−32 ml min−1, [−261, 197]) exercise. Second-by-second classification of physical activity across 16,090 s of predicted $$\dot{\,{{\mbox{V}}}}{{{\mbox{O}}}}_{2}$$

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was able to discern between vigorous, moderate, and light activity with high accuracy (94.1%). This system enables quantitative aerobic activity monitoring in non-laboratory settings, when combined with tidal volume and heart rate reserve calibration, across a range of exercise intensities using wearable sensors for monitoring exercise prescription adherence and personal fitness.
Emergence of perceptuomotor relationships during paleolithic stone toolmaking learning: intersections of observation and practice
Authors: Bayani Kristel Yu Tiamco , Natraj Nikhilesh , Khresdish Nada , Pargeter Justin , Stout Dietrich , Wheaton Lewis A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStone toolmaking is a human motor skill which provides the earliest archeological evidence motor skill and social learning. Intentionally shaping a stone into a functional tool relies on the interaction of action observation and practice to support motor skill acquisition. The emergence of adaptive and efficient visuomotor processes during motor learning of such a novel motor skill requiring complex semantic understanding, like stone toolmaking, is not understood. Through the examination of eye movements and motor skill, the current study sought to evaluate the changes and relationship in perceptuomotor processes during motor learning and performance over 90 h of training. Participants’ gaze and motor performance were assessed before, during and following training. Gaze patterns reveal a transition from initially high gaze variability during initial observation to lower gaze variability after training. Perceptual changes were strongly associated with motor performance improvements suggesting a coupling of perceptual and motor processes during motor learning.