bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale for Measuring Phubbing in Peruvian University Students: Adaptation, Validation and Results of Its Application
Authors: Ríos Ariza José Manuel , Matas-Terrón Antonio , del Rumiche Chávarry Rocío Pilar , Chunga Chinguel Gerardo Raúl 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Phubbing is defined as ignoring people with whom you have a face-to-face relationship to attend to smartphones. The phenomenon of phubbing particularly affects the teenage and young segments of the population. The main problem lies in the impact it has on individuals’ social relationship. A lack of validated instruments to diagnose this phenomenon has been observed amongst the Spanish-speaking youth. The objective pursued with this research was to analyse the structural validity and reliability of the Spanish scale in a sample of 454 Peruvian university students. A reliability study was carried out following Cronbach and McDonald, complemented with an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results show good reliability and validity values. Finally, some aspects associated with users’ profiles in relation to the scale were discussed too. A need exists to have adapted instruments which permit to measure emerging social threats such as phubbing, so that risk profiles can be identified and for us to be able to act in time. Most of the students surveyed regularly engaged in phubbing, and a significant percentage of them had personal and social problems because of this, including lack of sleep hours or arguments with friends and relatives, to quote but two.
Role of Drugs in COVID 19 Patient: A Review
Authors: Bhatia Avni 
Published: July 2021

Background: No specific drug treatment is available for the COVID-19. Various drugs are being used and repurposed as COVID-19 treatment.
Summary: COVID-19 has no defined treatment course because it has no precedent. Various drugs are tried and tested to be used upon patients to treat particular symptom. Hydroxycholoroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir and so on are the famous drugs being repurposed as COVID-19 treatment drugs. Prophylactics are not widely listed but supplements and drugs which contain anti-inflammatory properties and anti-oxidants should be inculcated in the diet so that innate immune response can fight off the external pathogenic invasion all by itself.
Conclusion: Drugs listed for repurposing method must be tried and tested before administered it to a severely ill patients or to a large chunk of population. Proper study needs to be done before administered and starting full-fledged usage of any existing drug not meant for the treatment of COVID-19.
Knowledge, Awareness and Practices of Saudi Females about Osteoporosis
Authors: Alhazmi Bushra Dhuhayyan , Alshammari Mohammed Kanan 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease that is characterized by reduction of bone mass and loss of bone microarchitecture leading to increased risk of bone fractures.
Objective: To assess knowledge, awareness and practices of Saudi females about osteoporosis.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study for 3 months (November, December 2019 and January 2020) on random sample of 537 Saudi females, the data was collected by using a questionnaire in Arabic language, data were analyzed by means of Descriptive statistics.
Results: Among the participants, there were 43% in the age group of (18-25 years) and 19% in the age group of (26-35 years), 41% completed university education. The main source of information about osteoporosis was friends and relatives (33%). Mean score of participant’s sufficient knowledge about risk factors of osteoporosis was 52%, mean score of participant’s sufficient knowledge about prevention and treatment of osteoporosis was 67%, mean score of participant’s sufficient knowledge about signs & symptoms of osteoporosis was 43%, mean score of participant’s sufficient knowledge about diagnosis of osteoporosis was 17% and the overall mean score of sufficient knowledge about osteoporosis was 45%. About 55% of study participants previously got vitamin D screening, 46% previously got calcium screening in blood, 8% previously got screened with DXA.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis among Saudi females are poor. The participants lacked knowledge relating to risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis and the practice regarding the prevention and detection of osteoporosis is poor.
Fluid shear stress activates YAP to promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu Hongchi , He Jia , Su Guanyue , Wang Yuelong , Fang Fei , Yang Wenxing , Gu Kaiyun , Fu Naiyang , Wang Yunbing , Shen Yang , Liu Xiaoheng 
Published: July 2021

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated by fluid shear stress (FSS) in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in driving metastasis of the malignant tumor. As a mechanotransducer, Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is known to translocate into the nucleus to initiate transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation upon extracellular biophysical stimuli. Here, we showed that FSS facilitated cytoskeleton rearrangement in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which led to the release of YAP from its binding partner, integrin β subunit, in the cytomembrane. Moreover, we found that upregulation of guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)‐H1, a microtubule‐associated Rho GEF, is a critical step in the FSS‐induced translocation of YAP. Nuclear YAP activated the expression of the EMT‐regulating transcription factor SNAI1, but suppressed the expression of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modulators; together, this promoted the expression of EMT‐related genes. We also observed that FSS‐treated HepG2 cells showed markedly increased tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our findings unravel the underlying molecular processes by which FSS induces translocation of YAP from the cytomembrane to the nucleus, contributes to EMT and enhances metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Forestry contributed to warming of forest ecosystems in northern Germany during the extreme summers of 2018 and 2019
Authors: Blumröder Jeanette S. , May Felix , Härdtle Werner , Ibisch Pierre L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Forest management influences a variety of ecosystem structures and processes relevant to meso‐ and microclimatic regulation, but little research has been done on how forest management can mitigate the negative effects of climate change on forest ecosystems.

We studied the temperature regulation capacity during the two Central European extreme summers in 2018 and 2019 in Scots pine plantations and European beech forests with different management‐related structural characteristics.

We found that the maximum temperature was higher when more trees were cut and canopy was more open. Logging 100 trees per hectare increased maximum temperature by 0.21–0.34 K at ground level and by 0.09–0.17 K in 1.3 m above ground. Opening the forest canopy by 10% significantly increased Tmax, measured 1.3 m above ground by 0.46 K (including pine and beech stands) and 0.35 K (only pine stands). At ground level, Tmax increased by 0.53 K for the model including pine and beech stands and by 0.41 K in pure pine stands. Relative temperature cooling capacity decreased with increasing wood harvest activities, with below average values in 2018 (and 2019) when more than 656 (and 867) trees per hectare were felled. In the pine forests studied, the relative temperature buffering capacity 1.3 m above ground was lower than average values for all sample plots when canopy cover was below 82%. In both study years, mean maximum temperature measured at ground level and in 1.3 m was highest in a pine‐dominated sample plots with relatively low stand volume (177 m3 ha−1) and 9 K lower in a sample plot with relatively high stock volumes of Fagus sylvatica (>565 m3 ha−1). During the hottest day in 2019, the difference in temperature peaks was more than 13 K for pine‐dominated sample plots with relatively dense (72%) and low (46%) canopy cover.

Structural forest characteristics influenced by forest management significantly affect microclimatic conditions and therefore ecosystem vulnerability to climate change. We advocate keeping the canopy as dense as possible (at least 80%) by maintaining sufficient overgrowth and by supporting deciduous trees that provide effective shade.
Cations Coordination‐Regulated Reversibility Enhancement for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Battery
Authors: Qian Long , Yao Wentao , Yao Rui , Sui Yiming , Zhu Haojie , Wang Fangcheng , Zhao Jianwei , Zhi Chunyi , Yang Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries are emerging as a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage, while the short lifetime and poor reversibility of Zn anodes limit their further development. When attempting to enhance reversibility, most reported methods involve toxic and pollutive substances and decreased water content, which inevitably sacrificed safety level, rate performance, and environmentally benign characteristics. Herein, a series of low‐cost and “green” molecules are introduced into the aqueous (ZnCl2, ZnSO4) electrolytes, featured with cations coordination capability, which can significantly inhibit the hydration step of Zn2+and delay the formation of the key by‐products (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O, 3Zn(OH)3·ZnSO4·5H2O) in aqueous electrolytes via regulating the coordination status of Zn2+. In the optimized electrolyte system, a highly reversible Zn metal anode presents excellent electrochemical performance, featured with a long lifespan over 1185 h at 1 mA cm−2and smooth deposition morphology. Furthermore, Zn–MnO2batteries based on the electrolyte deliver high capacity retention of 82.9% after 200 cycles. These breakthroughs suggest that this method offers a versatile toolbox toward developing future advanced multivalent metal batteries for large‐scale energy storage.
Deformable High Loading Liquid Metal Nanoparticles Composites for Thermal Energy Management
Authors: Bark Hyunwoo , Tan Matthew Wei Ming , Thangavel Gurunathan , Lee Pooi See 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe emergence of soft electronics has led to the need for thermal management with deformable material. Recent efforts have focused on incorporating EGaIn microparticles (≈101 µm) into elastomer forming a thermal conductive composites. However, the shape deformation and coalescence of EGaIn particles under mechanical stress often lead to parasitic electrical conduction, imposing limitations on its utilization in thermal management. Increasing the loading of EGaIn nanoparticles (>20 vol%) often leads to brittleness of the composite. Herein, a strategy to obtain thermally conductive and soft elastomers with a high‐volume ratio of EGaIn nanoparticles (44 vol%) is introduced. Surface modification of EGaIn nanoparticles with carboxylic acid terminated polydimethylsiloxane (COOH‐PDMS‐COOH) coupled with the in situ formation of a PDMS matrix by crosslinking with the surface‐modified EGaIn nanoparticles leads to dense EGaIn nanoparticles in a PDMS matrix with effective thermal transport. Notably, despite the high‐volume ratio of EGaIn nanoparticles in the elastomer, the composite maintains a low elastic modulus (6.91 kPa) and remains electrically insulating even under mechanical stress. In addition, a distinctive anisotropic thermal conductivity of the elastomer is established upon stretching. This elastomer can be utilized as a thermal interface layer for thermoelectric devices. The resulting thermoelectric performance has promise in applications such as wearable thermo‐haptic or thermo‐sensing devices.
Segmented physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns among children in Maasai village and Nairobi city
Authors: Kidokoro Tetsuhiro , Tian Xiaojie , Fuku Noriyuki , Waiganjo Luka B. , Rintaugu Elijah G. , Kigaru Mbithe D. , Mwangi Francis M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesUrban–rural comparisons between those who maintain traditional lifestyles such as pastoralist Maasai children, and those who live in cities such as Nairobi, provide implications on how urbanization is associated with children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) patterns. This study compares PA and SB volumes and patterns across different segments of the week among children in Maasai village and Nairobi city in Kenya.MethodA total of 261 children (11.4 ± 1.3 years) from Maasai (n = 118) and Nairobi (n = 143) participated in this cross‐sectional study. Moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity PA (MVPA) and SB on weekdays (before, during, and after school) and weekends (morning, afternoon, and evening) were calculated using accelerometers (ActiGraph). Screen time and sleep duration were assessed using questionnaires.ResultsMaasai children were more physically active than Nairobi children with MVPA (min/day) of 166.6 and 81.4 for Maasai and Nairobi boys and 116.4 and 77.4 for Maasai and Nairobi girls, respectively. Our week segments analyses suggested that Maasai children were more active both in and out of school than Nairobi children. Additionally, Nairobi children spent more time watching television and playing computer games than Maasai children. There was no significant difference in sleep duration between Maasai and Nairobi children.ConclusionOur findings suggest that urbanization is negatively associated with activity patterns both in and out of school in Kenyan children. This is concerning given that Kenya is currently undergoing rapid urbanization, which may lead to further reductions in PA among Kenyan children.
Porphyrinischer MOF‐Film für vielfältige elektrochemische Sensorik
Authors: Zhou Zhenyu , Mukherjee Soumya , Hou Shujin , Li Weijin , Elsner Martin , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElektrochemische Sensoren sind in der klinischen Diagnose, der biochemischen Detektion und der Umweltüberwachung unverzichtbar, dank ihrer Fähigkeit Analyten in Echtzeit mit direkter elektronischer Auslesung nachzuweisen. Allerdings sind Empfindlichkeit – Erkennen von niedrigen Konzentrationen, und Selektivität – Nachweis von spezifischen Analyten in Mehrkomponentensystemen, Herausforderungen für solche Sensoren. Hier wird ein porphyrinisches metallorganisches Gerüst (PP‐MOF), Mn‐PCN‐222, auf einer leitfähigen Indium‐Zinn‐Oxid (ITO)‐Oberfläche abgeschieden. Dadurch entsteht mit Mn‐PCN‐222/ITO ein vielseitiger voltammetrischer Sensor, der in der Lage ist, redoxaktive Analyten wie anorganische Ionen, organische Gefahr‐ und Schadstoffe, einschließlich Nitroaromaten, phenolische und Chinon‐Hydrochinon‐Toxine, Schwermetallionen, biologische Spezies sowie Azofarbstoffe zu detektieren. Als Arbeitselektrode ermöglicht die hohe Oberfläche von Mn‐PCN‐222/ITO hohe Ströme und damit eine hochempfindliche Analyse. Das Metalloporphyrin‐Zentrum ermöglicht eine analytspezifische Redox‐Katalyse zur gleichzeitigen Detektion von mehr als einem Analyt in binären und ternären Systemen. Hierdurch wird die Detektion einer Vielzahl von Spurenschadstoffen unter realen Bedingungen ermöglicht, meist mit hoher Empfindlichkeit.
Ultralow Volume Change of P2‐Type Layered Oxide Cathode for Na‐Ion Batteries with Controlled Phase Transition by Regulating Distribution of Na+
Authors: Liu Zhengbo , Shen Jiadong , Feng Shihui , Huang Yalan , Wu Duojie , Li Fangkun , Zhu Yuanmin , Gu Meng , Liu Qi , Liu Jun , Zhu Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost P2‐type layered oxides exhibit a large volume change when they are charged into high voltage, and it further leads to bad structural stability. In fact, high voltage is not the reason which causes the irreversible phase transition. There are two internal factors which affect structural evolution: the amount and distribution of Na ions retained in the lattice. Hereon, a series of layered oxides Na2/3MnxNix−1/3Co4/3−2xO2 (1/3≤x≤2/3) were synthesized. It is observed that different components have different structural evolutions during the charge/discharge processes, and further researches find that the distribution of Na ions in layers is the main factor. By controlling the distribution of Na ions, the phase transition process can be well controlled. As the referential component, P2‐Na2/3Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/3O2 cathode with uniform distribution of Na ions is cycled at the voltage window of 1.5–4.5 V, which exhibits a volume change as low as 1.9 %. Such a low strain is beneficial for cycling stability. The current work provides a new and effective route to regulate the structural evolution of the promising P2‐type layered cathode for sodium ion batteries.
How Aromatic Are Molecular Nanorings? The Case of a Six‐Porphyrin Nanoring**
Authors: Casademont‐Reig Irene , Guerrero‐Avilés Raúl , Ramos‐Cordoba Eloy , Torrent‐Sucarrat Miquel , Matito Eduard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLarge conjugated rings with persistent currents are novel promising structures in molecular‐scale electronics. A six‐porphyrin nanoring structure that allegedly sustained an aromatic ring current involving 78π electrons was recently synthesized. We provide here compelling evidence that this molecule is not aromatic, contrary to what was inferred from the analysis of 1H‐NMR data and computational calculations that suffer from large delocalization errors. The main reason behind the absence of an aromatic ring current in these nanorings is the low delocalization in the transition from the porphyrins to the bridging butadiyne linkers, which disrupts the overall conjugated circuit. These results highlight the importance of choosing a suitable computational method to study large conjugated molecules and the appropriate aromaticity descriptors to identify the part of the molecule responsible for the loss of aromaticity.
Fish and flows: Abiotic drivers influence the recruitment response of a freshwater fish community throughout a regulated lotic system of the Murray‐Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Stocks Jerom R. , Davis Sam , Anderson Marti J. , Asmus Martin W. , Cheshire Katherine J.M. , van der Meulen Dylan E. , Walsh Chris T. , Gilligan Dean M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Fish assemblages in dryland rivers have life‐history strategies that have evolved in response to environmental conditions and triggers, particularly water temperatures and flow regimes. The regulation of rivers through the construction of dams, weirs and other water diversion structures has altered natural flow regimes and the associated ecological processes of river systems worldwide.
Over a 3‐year period, using standardized fish sampling and daily otolith ageing, the recruitment of eight freshwater fish species was monitored in response to various abiotic drivers, including hydrology and water temperatures, throughout the Macquarie River, a large regulated river system of the Australian Murray‐Darling Basin.
A data‐driven statistical classification system is provided that groups species into reproductive guilds, based on their recruitment response to hydrology and water temperature, specifically designed for use in environmental flow management.
The eight species were grouped into three distinct reproductive guilds that showed similar recruitment responses to the abiotic drivers. Murray‐Darling rainbowfish, Murray cod, and eel‐tailed catfish were considered as a single guild, characterized by seasonal recruitment during a relatively narrow thermal window under low to moderate stable discharges. The second group included common carp, bony herring, and golden perch, which recruited primarily in association with larger flow events. Un‐specked hardyhead and Australian smelt formed a more differentiated guild, recruiting over a broad range of temperatures and discharges. Limitations associated with using a reproductive guild approach to simplify water management are discussed.
This study highlighted important relationships among hydrology, water temperatures, and successful recruitment that can, in turn, be used to inform development of adaptive flow management plans and effective use of environmental water for the conservation management of native fish communities. Important considerations in the design of studies that aim to examine relationships between recruitment and abiotic drivers are also discussed.
Physiological mediators of prenatal environmental influences in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Frye Richard E. , Cakir Janet , Rose Shannon , Palmer Raymond F. , Austin Christine , Curtin Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent research has pointed to the importance of the prenatal environment in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but the biological mechanisms which mitigate these environmental factors are not clear. Mitochondrial metabolism abnormalities, inflammation and oxidative stress as common physiological disturbances associated with ASD. Network analysis of the scientific literature identified several leading prenatal environmental factors associated with ASD, particularly air pollution, pesticides, the microbiome and epigenetics. These leading prenatal environmental factors were found to be most associated with inflammation, followed by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Other prenatal factors associated with ASD not identified by the network analysis were also found to be significantly associated with these common physiological disturbances. A better understanding of the biological mechanism which mediate the effect of prenatal environmental factors can lead to insights of how ASD develops and the development of targeted therapeutics to prevent ASD from occuring.
Temporal correlation of morphological and biochemical changes with the recruitment of different mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation during human SW872 cell adipogenic differentiation
Authors: Fiorani Mara , De Matteis Rita , Canonico Barbara , Blandino Giulia , Mazzoli Alessandro , Montanari Mariele , Guidarelli Andrea , Cantoni Orazio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman SW872 preadipocyte conversion to mature adipocytes is associated with time‐dependent changes in differentiation markers' expression and with morphological changes accompanied by the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) as well as by increased mitochondriogenesis and mitochondrial membrane potential. Under identical conditions, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed with a general probe was significant at days 3 and 10 of differentiation and bearly detectable at day 6. NADPH oxidase (NOX)‐2 activity determined with an immunocytochemical approach followed a very similar pattern. There was no evidence of mitochondrial ROS (mROS), as detected with a selective fluorescence probe, at days 3 and 6, possibly due to the triggering of the Nrf‐2 antioxidant response. mROS were instead clearly detected at day 10, concomitantly with the accumulation of very large LDs, oxidation of both cardiolipin and thioredoxin 2, and decreased mitochondrial glutathione. In conclusion, the morphological and biochemical changes of differentiating SW872 cells are accompanied by the discontinuous formation of ROS derived from NOX‐2, increasingly implicated in adipogenesis and adipose tissue dysfunction. In addition, mROS formation was significant only in the late phase of differentiation and was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.