bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mulele “Rebellion”: Bodily Pain and the Politics of Death (Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1963-1968)
Authors: Kalema Emery M. 
Published: October 2021

Cet article traite de diverses manières de « donner la mort » pratiquées pendant la rébellion muléliste en République démocratique du Congo (1963-1968), ainsi que de la politique qui les sous-tendait, comme se souviennent certains survivants. S’appuyant sur des entretiens oraux approfondis, aussi bien que sur des documents d’archives de la rébellion et sur un corpus théorique de psychanalyse et de phénoménologie, cet article soutient que la rébellion et l’État congolais avaient une manière particulière d’infliger la douleur et la souffrance aux corps de leurs ennemis. Cette façon d’administrer la douleur et la souffrance était un produit hybride. Elle s’appuyait sur la triple logique de la cruauté, de l’excès et du sadisme, et avait d’énormes conséquences tant pour les morts que pour les vivants.
Défaillance du masque dans la mélancolie
Authors: Thaury Marie 
Published: October 2021

À trouver derrière un masque toujours un autre masque, on a un certain confort, on reste toujours à une certaine distance du trou du réel. Car le masque, symptôme ou fantasme, diffractant la pulsion, nous maintient séparés de l’objet a . Il permet qu’opère pour nous le désir. Parfois cependant, le masque manque de consistance, ou bien il est trop compact : le sujet se trouve alors sans défense face à l’horreur du vide. En se fondant sur deux cas cliniques, cet article tente d’illustrer comment la défaillance de la fonction du moi laisse certains sujets figés par l’angoisse, exclus du train du désir et comment interroger le masque que les patients présentent peut orienter la pratique clinique.
La politique de lutte contre la pandémie de Covid-19 en Allemagne : entre fédéralisme et centralisation
Authors: Hassenteufel Patrick 
Published: October 2021

Cet article porte sur l’importance du fédéralisme dans la politique de lutte contre la Covid-19 en Allemagne. Du fait des compétences partagées entre le Bund et les Länder , les principales décisions ont fait l’objet de nombreuses négociations entre la chancelière et les ministres-président(e)s des Länder . Toutefois, si la gestion de la pandémie en Allemagne s’est fortement inscrite dans le cadre du « fédéralisme coopératif », elle a aussi donné à voir l’importance des concurrences entre Länder et des tensions entre certains d’entre eux et le gouvernement fédéral. Ces tensions sont notamment liées au renforcement de l’autorité de celui-ci depuis le début de la pandémie, qui s’inscrit dans une dynamique de plus longue durée de centralisation progressive de la politique de santé en Allemagne.
Évolution de la relation médecin généraliste-patient à l’heure de la médecine digitale. Cas de la prise en charge du patient atteint de cancer
Authors: Rougé-Bugat Marie-Ève , Béranger Jérôme 
Published: October 2021

Devant le développement constant des applications digitales de notre système de santé, nous assistons à une transformation progressive de la médecine qui se traduit par une évolution des rapports existant entre le médecin et le patient, ainsi que par une modification du rôle de chacun. Inéluctablement, la numérisation du parcours de soins entraîne des répercussions multiples d’ordres informationnel, relationnel, organisationnel et éthique pour tous les acteurs de la santé. Les conséquences de cette digitalisation sont d’autant plus marquantes lorsque nous les observons à travers la pluridisciplinarité, la transversalité, et les différentes étapes qui constituent le réseau « ville-hôpital » du patient atteint de cancer. Dès lors, cette médecine digitale comporte d’importants enjeux et risques éthiques autour de la protection, de la sécurité, de la pertinence et de la confidentialité des données numériques de santé. Elle suscite alors des interrogations associées à la responsabilité, au libre arbitre, à la garantie humaine, à l’exclusion et à la non-discrimination de cette nouvelle relation tripartite « médecin-patient-digital ». Dans ces conditions, une charte éthique sur les engagements du médecin généraliste face à la digitalisation de son exercice médical apparaît essentielle, ainsi qu’une évolution de sa formation médicale.
DIVULGADORES E CIENTISTAS
Authors: Sandes Barros Melquíades Paceli 
Published: October 2021

Resumo – Este artigo analisa a atribuição da responsabilidade enunciativa ou ponto de vista em notícias de divulgação científica da Revista Galileu on-line, tendo por objetivo discutir a assunção dos pontos de vista assumidos pelo locutor enunciador ou materializados nas focalizações epistêmica e perceptiva, nos conectores argumentativos e no acordo entre dois locutores. Estendem-se a este objetivo as restrições discursivas exigidas pela situação de comunicação de divulgação científica. A análise teve como fundamentação teórica e metodológica a Análise Textual dos Discursos elaborada por Adam, a Linguística da Enunciação de Rabatel e o conceito de restrições discursivas da Semiolinguística de Charaudeau. Compõem os dados da pesquisa duas notícias de divulgação científica publicadas no site da Revista Galileu on-line. Os resultados da análise apontam que a entrada da ciência nas notícias obedece a uma regularidade: ela ocorre não só pela fonte do saber científico (mediação epistêmica), mas também pelo senso comum (mediação perceptiva), pelo locutor enunciador, pela coenunciação e, ainda, por via dos conectores argumentativos.Palavras-chave: Responsabilidade Enunciativa; Mídia; Divulgação científica, Revista Galileu. Abstract - This article analyzes the attribution of enunciative responsibility or point of view in scientific popularization news published in the magazine Galileuonline, aiming to discuss the assumption of the points of view assumed by the enunciating speaker or materialized in the epistemic and perceptive focuses, in the argumentative connectors and in the agreement between two speakers. The discursive restrictions required by the communicative situation of scientific popularization are extended to this objective. The analysis had as theoretical and methodological foundation the Textual Analysis of Discourses elaborated by Adam, the Enunciation Linguistics by Rabatel and the concept of discursive restrictions from the Semiolinguistics by Charaudeau. The research data are composed of two scientific popularization news published in the magazineGalileu website. The results of the analysis point out that the entrance of science in the news obeys a regularity: it occurs not only by the source of scientific knowledge (epistemic mediation), but also by the common sense (perceptive mediation), by the enunciating speaker, by the coenunciation and, in addition, through the argumentative connectors. Keywords: Enunciative Responsibility; Media; Scientific Popularization; Magazine Galileu.
IL-36α Enhances Host Defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas
Authors: Me Rao , Gao Nan , Zhang Yangyang , Lee Patrick S Y , Wang Jie , Liu Tingting , Standiford Theodore J , Mi Qing-Sheng , Yu Fu-Shin X 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The IL-36 cytokines are known to play various roles in mediating the immune response to infection in a tissue- and pathogen-dependent manner. The present study seeks to investigate the role of IL-36R signaling in C57BL/6 mouse corneas in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. IL-36α−/−, IL-36γ−/−, and IL-36R−/− mice had significantly more severe keratitis than wild-type mice. At six hours postinfection, IL-36α pretreatment augmented P. aeruginosa–induced expression of IL-1Ra, IL-36γ, LCN2, and S100A8/A9. At one day postinfection, exogenous IL-36α suppressed, whereas IL-36α deficiency promoted, the expression of IL-1β. At three days postinfection, exogenous IL-36α suppressed Th1 but promoted Th2 immune response. IL-36α stimulated the infiltration of IL-22–expressing immune cells, and IL-22 neutralization resulted in more severe keratitis. IL-36α alone stimulated dendritic cell infiltration in B6 mouse corneas. Taken together, our study suggests that IL-36R signaling plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa keratitis by promoting the innate immune defense, Th2, and/or Th22/IL-22 immune responses. Exogenous IL-36α might be a potential therapy for improving the outcome of P. aeruginosa keratitis.
Pathophysiology of Mummification
Authors: Fulcheri Ezio 
Published: October 2021

Italian mummies are a biological, historical, and cultural heritage of significant value.
However, only in the past few years has this heritage been properly appreciated, quite recently if compared to the history of Paleopathology. Its importance in quantitative terms and the abundance of biological, anthropological, and medical information offered to researchers are more and more appreciated. [...]
The Utility of Smartphone-Based Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sheikh Aadil , Bhatti Ahsan , Adeyemi Oluwaseun , Raja Muhammad , Sheikh Ijaz 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
To assess the diagnostic accuracy measures such as sensitivity and specificity of smartphone-based artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in the detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods:
A literature search of the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases (up to March 2020) was conducted. Only studies using both smartphone-based cameras and AI software for image analysis were included. The main outcome measures were pooled sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratios and relative risk of smartphone-based AI approaches in detecting DR (of all types), and referable DR (RDR) (moderate nonproliferative retinopathy or worse and/or the presence of diabetic macular edema).

Results:
Smartphone-based AI has a pooled sensitivity of 89.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.3%–94.0%) and pooled specificity of 92.4% (95% CI: 86.4%–95.9%) in detecting DR. For referable disease, sensitivity is 97.9% (95% CI: 92.6%-99.4%), and the pooled specificity is 85.9% (95% CI: 76.5%–91.9%). The technology is better at correctly identifying referable retinopathy.

Conclusions:
The smartphone-based AI programs demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of DR and RDR and are potentially viable substitutes for conventional diabetic screening approaches. Further, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to establish the effectiveness of this approach in different populations.
Differential Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on COVID-19
Authors: Su Lianjiu , Zhang Jiahao , Jiang Nanhui , Yang Jie , He Li , Xie Qin , Huang Rong , Wang Fengqin , Kashani Kianoush B. , Sun Zhongyi , Lu Qiaofa , Peng Zhiyong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial from clinic evidence.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to report the major characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with ACEIs and ARBs and compare the different effects of the two drugs for outcomes of COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, two-center case series of 198 consecutive COVID-19 patients with a history of hypertension.

Results:
Among 198 patients, 58 (29.3%) and 16 (8.1%) were on ARB and ACEI, respectively. Patients who were on ARB or ACEI/ARB had a significantly lower rate of severe illness and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) when compared with patients treated with ACEI alone or not receiving RAAS blocker (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that patients with ARB in their antihypertensive regimen had a trend toward a higher survival rate when compared with individuals without ARB (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-1.02; P = 0.054). The occurrence rates of severe illness, ARDS, and death were similar in the two groups regardless of receiving ACEI. The Cox regression analyses showed a better survival in the ARB group than the ACEI group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.00-0.58; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Our data may provide that some evidence of using ARB, but not ACEI, was associated with a reduced rate of severe illness and ARDS, indicating their potential protective impact in COVID-19. Further large sample sizes and multiethnic populations are warranted to confirm our findings.
PON1 (Paraoxonase 1) Q192R Gene Polymorphism in Ischemic Stroke among North Indian Population
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Saluja Alvee , Saraswathy Kallur Nava , Imnameren Longkumer , Yadav Suniti , Dhamija Rajinder K. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
PON1 is an High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase. Two common polymorphisms in the PON1 gene, Q192R and L55M substitutions, determine the inter-individual variation in PON1 activity. The association of these polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke remains controversial. In the present study, the role of PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism in ischemic stroke was studied in the Indian population.

Design and Methods:
In the present case-control study, the PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism was screened in ischemic stroke patients (n: 63) and age, sex-matched controls (n: 63) using thePolymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Segment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

Results:
The mean age of stroke presentation was 58.11 ± 15.4 years. A total of 17.4% cases presented with young stroke (<45 years age) and 9.52% cases were seen to have a recurrent stroke. The distribution of -192Q/R PON1 gene polymorphism was not seen to differ between cases and controls. The traditional stroke risk factors did not have any effect on the PON1 genotype expression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was done in order to assess an independent association of age, gender, traditional stroke risk factors, and PON1 polymorphism with acute ischemic stroke. However, neither the RR genotype nor the presence of the R allele was associated with an increase in the risk of acute ischemic stroke (OR [RR genotype]-4.76, P value: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.3497–64.8531; OR [R allele]-0.94, P value: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.3516–2.4989).

Conclusion:
PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke in the North Indian population. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed before PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism can be considered as a genetic risk factor for ischemic stroke.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Antibodies to Arboviruses (Dengue, Chikungunya and Japanese Encephalitis)
Authors: Pari Hariswar , Amalnath S. Deepak , Dhodapkar Rahul 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to detect the presence of IgM antibodies against dengue (DEN), chikungunya (CHIK) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the serum and CSF of patients with Guillaine-Barre syndrome (GBS).

Methods:
GBS patients (>12 years of age) were included after informed consent. Data on history, clinical manifestations, treatment details, and outcome were collected. Serum and CSF were tested for IgM antibodies against DEN, CHIK, and JE.

Results:
From April 2018 to December 2019, 95 patients were included in this study. Anti-arboviral IgM antibodies were detected in 30 patients (31.5%) (CSF 11, serum 13, both CSF and serum 6). Serum IgM antibody was present in 19 patients (JE 8, DEN 5, CHIK 2, more than 1 virus 4). Of the 66 patients who underwent CSF studies, antibodies were present in 17 (CHIK 14, DEN 1, more than 1 virus 2). Antibody positivity did not affect the outcome of GBS.

Conclusion:
One-third of the GBS patients had evidence of recent infection by arboviruses. This suggests that DEN, CHIK, and JE could be the inciting event for GBS in endemic regions.
Association of MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism with breast cancer risk
Authors: Lal Harmesh , Sharma Bhavna , Sambyal Vasudha , Guleria Kamlesh , Singh Neeti Rajan , Uppal Manjit Singh , Manjari Mridu , Sudan Meena 
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives:
Breast cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that arises as a result of interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a low susceptibility gene, involved in folate metabolism. It assists in conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate which further leads to DNA methylation. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate assists in conversion of uracil to thymine and purine synthesis for DNA synthesis. MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism alters the activity of MTHFR enzyme potentially effecting DNA repair and synthesis, hence a potential risk for cancer like breast cancer. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate association of MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and breast cancer in Punjabi population. Moreover, a meta-analysis was conducted to address the same.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 247 breast cancer patients and 247 controls were selected from Punjabi population for analysis using PCR-RFLP method. For meta-analysis, 67 studies were selected, and allele contrast, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, and recessive models were used to evaluate the association between MTHFR 677C>T and breast cancer.

Results:
The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotype were 68.4% versus 74.5%, 28.7% versus 23.5%, and 2.9% versus 2.0% in patients and controls, respectively. There was no significant difference found. In meta-analysis, significant association was found in overall and Asian population while no significant association was found in Caucasians.

Interpretation and Conclusions:

MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism is not a risk factor for breast cancer in Punjabi population. Inconsistency with the meta-analysis can be due to ethnic diversity.
Association of Caregiver Distress with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia-A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study from South India
Authors: Goud Sripathi Santhosh , Indla Vishal , Deshpande Manjiri , Reddy Indla Ramasubba 
Published: October 2021

Abstract Context:
Non-cognitive symptoms of dementia, also known as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a less researched topic in developing countries like India. These symptoms not only affect the ability to sustain daily activities and reduce the quality of life but also increase morbidity and mortality in patients with dementia.

Aims:
The study aimed to assess the prevalence of BPSD and various correlates associated with the severity of BPSD and caregiver distress.

Subjects and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional, correlational study done on 80 consecutive patients and their caregivers attending the memory clinic of Indlas VIMHANS Hospital, Vijayawada. A semi-structured proforma to collect socio-demographic data, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q), and Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI) were used in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were done to find the correlation between different study variables.

Results:
BPSD were reported in all the dementia patients. Night-time behaviour disturbances (100%), hallucinations (86.25%), irritability (76.25%), delusions (75%), and agitation (76.25%) were more commonly reported BPSD. There was a positive correlation between BPSD severity and caregiver distress on- hallucinations (r=0.661, P<0.001) delusions (r=0.840, P <0.001), agitation (r=0.823, P<0.001), depression (r=0.947, P<0.001), anxiety (r=0.971, P=0.038), disinhibition (r=0.917, P<0.001), irritability (r=0.875, P<0.001), night-time behaviour disturbances (r=0.451, P<0.001), and appetite abnormality (r=0.683, P<0.001) items. On Pearson correlation care giver distress was significantly associated with – age of the patient (r=0.325, P=0.003), MMSE score (r= -0.461, P<0.001), BPSD severity (r=0.780, P<0.001) and EASI score (r=0.475, P<0.001). Severity of BPSD showed significant correlation with- age of the patient (r=0.267, P=0.017), MMSE score (r= -0.269, P=0.016) and EASI score (r=0.356, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
BPSD are universal in dementia and they impact the quality of the life of the patients and the caregivers. Improvement in BPSD may reduce caregiver distress and improve the quality of care received by patients.
Conventional versus single-incision laparoscopy for the surgical treatment of ovarian torsion
Authors: Gözüküçük Murat , Karasu Yetkin , Kaya Sena Münire , Yangır Erhan , Üstün Yusuf 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of single-incision laparoscopy with conventional laparoscopy in cases of ovarian torsion.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who were surgically treated for ovarian torsion in our clinic were retrospectively analysed. The demographic information and surgical records of the patients were obtained from the patient files. Patients treated with single-incision laparoscopy and conventional laparoscopy were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, surgical procedure performed, duration of surgery, amount of bleeding, laboratory results, post-operative pain scores and length of hospital stay.

Results:
There were 19 patients in the single-incision laparoscopy and 30 in the conventional laparoscopy groups. The two groups were similar in terms of age, obstetric history and body mass index (P > 0.05). The mean operation time was 56.26 ± 15.34 min in the single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) group and 55.07 ± 10.78 min in the conventional laparoscopic surgery group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of complications, duration of hospital stay, pre- and post-operative haematocrit difference and visual analogue scale-pain scores at hours 0, 6, 12 and 24 (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
SILS appears to be as feasible, effective and safe as conventional laparoscopy in the treatment of ovarian torsion cases.
Ocular Manifestations of Emerging Arthropod-Borne Infectious Diseases
Authors: Abroug Nesrine , Khairallah Molka , Zina Sourour , Ksiaa Imen , Amor Hager Ben , Attia Sonia , Jelliti Bechir , Khochtali Sana , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
To review the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognosis of arthropod-borne infectious diseases.

Methods:
This is a narrative review on arthropod-borne infectious diseases including general and ophthalmological aspects of these infectious diseases. A comprehensive literature review between January 1983 and September 2020 was conducted in PubMed database. Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of arthropod-borne infectious diseases were reviewed.

Results:
Emergent and resurgent arthropod-borne infectious diseases are major causes of systemic morbidity and death that are expanding worldwide. Among them, bacterial and viral agents including rickettsial disease, West Nile virus, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift valley fever, and Zika virus have been associated with an array of ocular manifestations. These include anterior uveitis, retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement. Proper clinical diagnosis of any of these infectious diseases is primarily based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. The diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests. Ocular involvement usually has a self-limited course, but it can result in persistent visual impairment. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for rickettsial disease. There is currently no proven specific treatment for arboviral diseases. Prevention remains the mainstay for arthropod vector and zoonotic disease control.

Conclusions:
Emerging arthropod vector-borne diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uveitis, especially in patient living or with recent travel to endemic countries. Early clinical diagnosis, while laboratory testing is pending, is essential for proper management to prevent systemic and ocular morbidity.