bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apatite halogen and hydrogen isotope constraints on the conditions of hydrothermal alteration in carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Piralla Maxime , Tartèse Romain , Marrocchi Yves , Joy Katherine H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApatite has been widely used for assessing the volatile inventory and hydrothermal fluid compositions of asteroidal and planetary bodies. We report the OH, F, and Cl abundances, as well as the hydrogen isotope composition, of apatite in the CM1‐2 chondrite Boriskino and in the C1‐ungrouped Bench Crater meteorite. Apatite in both meteorites is halogen‐poor, close to the hydroxylapatite endmember composition, and characterized by average δDSMOW values of −226 ± 59% and 233 ± 92%, respectively. Compared to apatite, the matrix in Bench Crater is depleted in D with a δDSMOW value of −16 ± 119‰. Comparing apatite and water H isotope compositions yields similar apatite‐waterD/Hfractionation ΔDApatite‐Waterof approximately 120–150‰ for both chondrites, suggesting that apatite formed at similar temperatures. Combining a lattice strain partitioning model with apatite F and Cl abundances in Boriskino and Bench Crater yields low F and Cl abundances <300 μg g−1in apatite‐forming fluids, and fluid F/Cl ratios that are roughly consistent with the bulk F/Cl ratios of other CI and CM chondrites. This suggests that hydrothermal alteration on these meteorite parent bodies took place under closed‐system conditions. Based on the OH abundance estimates for the apatite‐forming fluids, we estimated the pH values of alteration fluids to be of approximately 10–13. Such alkaline fluid compositions are consistent with previous modeling and suggest that apatite formed late, toward the end of completion of hydrothermal alteration processes on the Boriskino and Bench Crater parent bodies.
A case report of a sialolith proving difficult to locate, with a sudden urgency to rule out a mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Sandhu Baljinder Kaur , Weir Justin , Devine Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSialoliths arising extraductally are rarely reported, particularly when large in size. Here we report a large calcified mass presenting in the submandibular region which proved difficult to locate with imaging. Clinical presentation findings can include pain, swelling (usually associated with eating), obstruction of the salivary duct and sialadenitis. A 71‐year‐old male was referred by his general dental practitioner to the Oral Surgery department regarding a 6‐month history of a firm painful swelling in the left floor of mouth. He had experienced only one episode of associated submandibular swelling which resolved spontaneously after a few days. A large, mobile, firm mass was palpable on clinical examination in the left lingual sulcus, which was slightly tender. There was no associated swelling palpable of the submandibular gland. Ultrasound imaging confirmed a calcified mass present of 18 mm in anteroposterior (AP) dimension which was not related to the submandibular duct or gland. Following recommendation from the Radiologist, a small field computed tomography (CT) scan was requested to locate the mass and determine its relationship to adjacent structures. CT findings confirmed a heavy calcified mass replacing much of the sublingual gland, with the absence of submandibular sialadenitis or duct dilation. The report raised a query of mucoepidermoid carcinoma so prompt excision to confirm the diagnosis was arranged accordingly. The patient recovered well following extraductal excision of the sialolith and marsupialisation of the submandibular duct under general anaesthesia.
Localised oral amyloidosis in the context of oral epithelial dysplasia: Literature review and report of two cases
Authors: Dobson Marianne L. , Wright Alison L. , White Sharon J. , Macluskey Michaelina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmyloidosis is a group of rare progressive diseases that occur as a result of abnormal protein folding and aggregation. Systemic amyloidosis is a serious disease with high mortality, and prompt diagnosis is key to improving prognosis. Conversely, localised amyloidosis does not reduce life expectancy and can often be treated with simple surgical excision. Amyloid deposits can be found in the oral cavity, usually in the context of systemic amyloidosis. We present two cases of localised oral acquired immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis that were detected in oral biopsies taken for the management of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Both patients underwent thorough multisystem investigations by haematology in conjunction with the NHS National Amyloidosis Centre (NAC) in order to exclude systemic amyloidosis and confirm the diagnosis. Localised oral amyloidosis is rare, and to our knowledge, localised oral AL amyloidosis has not been reported in the context of OED before. We discuss important learning points from these cases as well as hypothesising on the pathophysiology involved.
Augmenting salt tolerance in rice by regulating uptake and tissue specific accumulation of Na+‐ through Ca2+‐induced alteration of biochemical events
Authors: Gupta A. , Shaw B. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The protective effect of Ca2+ against NaCl toxicity was investigated in two rice varieties with contrasting for salt tolerance to understand the mechanistic details of the antagonism to address adverse effects of salinity on agriculture.

The study primarily examined the influence of Ca2+ on expression/activity of the effectors and regulators involved in Na+ translocation.

Calcium reduced uptake of Na+ concomitant with higher tissue K+/Na+ in seedlings, comparatively more in salt‐tolerant Nona Bokra than in salt‐sensitive IR‐64, together with a significant increase in root PM H+ATPase in the former, but not in the latter. Increased antagonism in Nona Bokra could be the result of Ca2+ signalling‐mediated phosphorylation of PM H+ATPase in roots caused by a significant Ca2+‐dependent increase in expression of OsCIPK24, which did not occur in IR‐64. Furthermore, significant Ca2+‐mediated NaCl‐induced increase in transcription of 14‐3‐3 protein in Nona Bokra, but not in IR‐64, might also lead to a greater protective effect of Ca2+ in the former, as 14‐3‐3 protein is essential for activating PM H+ATPase.

Thus, efficient functioning of PM H+ATPase could be key in determining resistance of plants to salinity, implying that identification of the Ca2+‐dependent kinase phosphorylating the PM H+ATPase threonine residue and manipulation of its expression, together with expression of 14‐3‐3 proteins could be an important strategy to improve salt tolerance of crops and their cultivation in salt‐affected lands.
Recent development in ecdysone receptor of crustaceans: current knowledge and future applications in crustacean aquaculture
Authors: Abdullah‐Zawawi Muhammad‐Redha , Afiqah‐Aleng Nor , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Sung Yeong Yik , Tola Siriporn , Fazhan Hanafiah , Waiho Khor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEcdysone receptor (EcR) is the primary regulator of the ecdysteroid signalling pathway, a critical pathway that directly links to moulting. In addition, EcR also regulates growth, development, reproduction and regeneration in crustaceans. However, there remains a huge gap of knowledge between the detailed structure and functional role(s) of crustacean EcR compared to that of insects. Motif and phylogenetic analyses of publicly available crustacean EcR proteins revealed the evolutionary relationship of EcR in this subphylum and highlighted its conserved characteristics among crustaceans. The role of EcR in the regulation of essential physiological processes in crustaceans including moulting, chitin synthesis, general growth and development, gonadal and maturation, and limb regeneration was discussed based on the available literature. This essential moult‐related nuclear receptor could serve as a useful molecular indicator of moulting and gonadal maturation, as a potential target for pesticide production against parasitic crustacean species in the aquaculture industry, as well as valuable bioindicators of environmental stressors.
Skin hydration and transepidermal water loss after bathing compared between immersion and showering
Authors: Nitiyarom Rattanavalai , Anuntarumporn Lillada , Wisuthsarewong Wanee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious methods of bathing may affect skin properties differently.AimsTo compare the effects of immersion and showering on skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).MethodThis experimental study included healthy volunteers whose forearms were immersed and showered for 3 minutes. Skin hydration and TEWL were assessed serially before and after immersion and showering of volunteer forearms.ResultsSeventy‐eight healthy volunteers (49 females, 29 males) were enrolled with an age range of 12‐55 years (mean 31.41 ± 10.33). Both methods significantly increased skin hydration and TEWL (P < .001). The capacitance value significantly increased immediately after bathing, and then rapidly decreased within 3 minutes. It returned to baseline by 10 minutes after bathing. There was no statistically significant difference of capacitance between the two methods at any measurement (P > .05). TEWL at every measurement after bathing was significantly increased compared to baseline for both bathing methods (P < .001). The highest TEWL was observed immediately after bathing, but then significantly decreased compared to the previous measurement (P < .001).ConclusionImmersion and showering similarly demonstrated significant increase in skin hydration and TEWL. The increment of capacitance after bathing returned to baseline level within 10 minutes.
Crack detection via strain measurements in fatigue testing
Authors: Al‐Karawi Hassan , von Bock und Polach Rüdiger U. Franz , Al‐Emrani Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFatigue cracks have appeared as a significant issue for joints and connections in existing steel structures in the last decades. Therefore, those are a major inspection and maintenance matter for any steel structure's operator. This emphasises the importance of using a reliable detection method to determine the crack size and assessing the severity of such a crack on the structural integrity of a structure. In this article, the effectiveness of strain measurement in detecting fatigue cracks in transversal non‐load carrying welded attachment subjected to out of plane axial loading is studied. Numerical analysis and experimental investigations allowed to correlate the decrease in strain measured by attached gauges to the crack depth at the weld toe. In addition, different strain evolution patterns were found during fatigue testing, and the fracture surfaces of the specimens were observed to interpret these patterns. Moreover, the crack position with respect to the weld toe surface was predicted via strain measurements.
Conversions in Form Feature Recognition Using Convex Decomposition
Authors: Kim Yong Se , Roe Kenneth D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A convergent convex decomposition method called Alternating Sum of Volumes with Partitioning (ASVP) has been used to recognize volumetric form features intrinsic to the product shape. The recognition process is done by converting the ASVP decomposition into a form feature decomposition by successively applying combination operations on ASVP components. In this paper, we describe a method to generate new combination operations through inductive learning from conversion processes of primal and dual ASVP decompositions when one decomposition produces more desirable form feature information than the other.
Computer Aided Design of Cables for Large Computer Systems: A Case Study in Quick Prototyping
Authors: Korngold Jacob , Gabriele Gary 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A CAD system for designing cables for large computer systems was developed using a quick prototyping approach. The quick prototyping approach allowed the CAD system developers to quickly converge on software system specifications, system architecture, module designs, and database requirements by enabling the users to test drive many versions of the system, and articulate their needs in a more natural way than reviewing software lifecycle documentation. This development approach relies on a prototyping environment which allows a programmer to quickly design and implement user interface screens with various devices such as buttons, radio dials, scroll bars, text entry fields, pull down menus, and the like, and to logically link them so that various design scenarios can be played out. The idea is to present the look and feel of the proposed CAD tool without implementing any algorithms or databases. Software development using quick prototyping as described in this paper has been an effective means for rapidly converging on an unambiguous design specification for a software tool. Implementation of production ready software is currently underway. The software and database implementation are easier than without the prototype due to the completeness and lack of ambiguity of the specification.
Non-Constant Parameter NC Tool Path Generation on Sculptured Surfaces
Authors: Huang Yunching , Oliver James H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An algorithm for three-axis NC tool path generation on sculptured surfaces is presented. Non-constant parameter tool contact curves are defined on the part by intersecting parallel planes with the part model surface Four essential elements of this algorithm are introduced: initial chordal approximation, true machining error calculation, direct gouge elimination, and non-constant parameter tool pass interval adjustment. A software implementation of this algorithm produces graphical output depicting the tool path superimposed over the part surface, and it outputs cutter location (CL) data for further postprocessing. Several applications examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm The results of this technique are compared to those generated from a commercially available computer-aided manufacturing program, and indicate that equivalent accuracy is obtained with many fewer CL points.
Development and Application of Graphics Displays for a Mini-Computer Based Vibration Analysis System
Authors: Trevillion Bill 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Radian Corporation has developed extensive data display capabilities to analyze vibration and acoustic data from structures and rotating equipment. The Machinery Interactive Display and Analysis System (MIDAS) displays data collected through the acquisition functions of MIDAS. The graphics capabilities include displaying spectra in three-dimensional waterfall and in X-Y formats. Both types of plots can relate vibrations to time, equipment speed, or process parameters. Using menu-driven parameter selection, data can be displayed in formats that are the most useful for analysis.
The system runs on a popular mini-computer, and it can be used with a great variety of graphics terminals, workstations, and printer/plotters. The software was designed and written for interactive display and plotting. Automatic plotting of large data files is facilitated by a batch plotting mode. The user can define display formats for the analysis of noise and vibration problems in the electric utility, chemical processing, paper, and automotive industries. This paper describes the history and development of graphics capabilities of the MIDAS system. The system, as illustrated in the examples, has proven efficient and economical for displaying large quantities of data.
Shock Damage to Sensitive Components in an Armored Vehicle
Authors: Gupta Aaron Das , Santiago Joseph M. , Wisniewski Henry L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Light combat vehicles are playing an important support role for both troops and other heavily armored combat vehicles. As such, they have a much greater risk than in previous roles of being subjected to transient loads such as impact and overpressure loads. Propagation of ballistic shock from an impacted region to the critical locations and attachment points for secondary systems can cause damage and misalignment to sensitive equipments contributing to malfunction and reduction of vehicle performance. The Army is actively engaged in a program to assess ballistic shock propagation damage and minimize sensitivity of secondary systems to such damage. The current investigation is devoted to the determination of response at critical locations of the vehicle hull structure of the APC M113 when subjected to a concentrated side-on nonpenetrating impact load.
Nonlinear Dynamic Stability Analysis Using Adaptive Bisection Algorithm in Implicit Integration
Authors: Lee Sang H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are various categories of dynamic instability. Those are dynamic buckling (or flutter), bifurcation, and dynamic snap-through. Critical conditions for the dynamic buckling are dictated by applied loads, applied momentum or frequency of excitation. This paper presents a few categories of dynamic instability phenomena. Some nonlinear problems shown to exemplify the dynamic instabilities were analyzed using adaptive bisection algorithm in the implicit direct time integration.
Implementation of p and h-p Versions of the Finite Element Method
Authors: Lai Ye-Chen , Liang Timothy C. S. , Jia Zhenxue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Based on hierarchic shape functions and an effective convergence procedure, the p-version and h-p adaptive analysis capabilities were incorporated into a finite element software system, called COSMOS/M. The range of the polynomial orders can be varied from 1 to 10 for two dimensional linear elastic analysis. In the h-p adaptive analysis process, a refined mesh are first achieved via adaptive h-refinement. The p-refinement is then added on to the h-version designed mesh by uniformly increasing the degree of the polynomials. Some numerical results computed by COSMOS/M are presented to illustrate the performance of these p and h-p analysis capabilities.
Path Planning for Spatial Robots With Multiple Spherical and Cylindrical Obstacles Inside the Workspace
Authors: Shieh Menq-Dar , Crane Carl , Duffy Joseph 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Algorithms which can rapidly generate collision free paths for the end effector tip of a spatial 4R manipulator with multiple spherical or cylindrical obstacles inside the workspace have been successfully developed. The algorithms are based on the geometry of the manipulator workspace. The problem of guiding the spatial 4R manipulator while avoiding the obstacles is reduced to that of moving a point and at the same time avoiding rectangles in a Inclination Angle Coordinate System (IACS). The complexity of the path planning is reduced from the 3D case to the 2D case in the IACS, and the speed of generating the collision free paths is improved significantly without losing the characteristics of 3D path planning.
The algorithms have been successfully implemented in a Silicon Graphics 4D-70GT workstation to verify the results. The computation time for generating 10 collision free paths with 7 spherical obstacles or 10 cylindrical obstacles inside the workspace is 1 or 2 seconds. Also, the algorithms, which are designed as interactive programs, are modified to guide a spatial T3586 robot around pipes with circular cross sections.
A Generalized Kinematic for Calculating and Evaluating Surface Geometry of Gears and Cutting Tools
Authors: Grill J. , Hirschmann K. H. , Lechner G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new method for simulating the cutting and grinding process of gears has been developed. The procedure, implemented on a workstation, allows to describe the most general case of spatial motion based on line coordinates. The meshing of two gears is replaced by the motion of two axodes, rolling and sliding on each other about and along the instantaneous screw axis. A general equation of meshing has been developed, also based on line geometry. Velocity, acceleration and jerk can be determined, which are used for calculating the generated surfaces and their derivatives.
The Calculation of Contact Deformation for Double Circular-Arc Gears
Authors: Tingjian Zhang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Double Circular-arc gear (W-N gear) transmission is well-known as the high contact strength, good wear resisting property and well distributed wears. As developing of its applications in recent years, the contact deformation of W-N gear become more important. In this paper, under basic assumption, the equations for calculating contact deformation of Double Circular-arc gear tooth were derived by using theory of elasticity of general contact problem between arbitrary elastic bodies in three dimensions. The equations were proved by industrial gear applications (one of the example: transmission power N = 3000KW, circumferential speed V = 120 m / s, load fact K = 188 N / cm2, the hardness of tooth surface Hv &gt; 600, surface roughness of tooth Ra &lt; 0.32μm). The relationship between contact deformation of Double Circular-arc gear and helical angle (β), ratio of tooth numbers (u) and central distance (c) was also discussed in this paper. The result of this study provides an inportant reference for tooth stiffness and tooth correction calculation of Double Circular-arc gears.
Reconsideration of the LogiX Gear Using a General Mathematical Model of Composite Gear Profiles
Authors: Tsai Y. C. , Chang H. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A general mathematical model is derived for describing the conjugate tooth profiles and meshing properties of composite gears. Via a typical gear parameter, the pressure angle, necessary conditions that determine the continuity of composite gears in tooth geometry and meshing properties are introduced. The peculiarity of the presented model is that composite gears can be parametrically characterized by the specific functions in terms of pressure angle. An example is demonstrated that the discontinuity in composite gears will be efficiently and logically solved.
In this paper the LogiX gear, a special composite gear which consists of many segmental “S” curves in gear profiles and possesses zero values of relative curvature and specific sliding at the joints of connected segmental profiles, will be parametrically investigated by this model. The “ideal” LogiX gear profile, theoretically, is constructed by infinite numbers of segmental profiles such that it may have infinite numbers of zero values of relative curvature and specific sliding. However, this “ideal” LogiX gear profile is characterized as a linear parametric profile that is a monotonous curve substantially and no more has infinite numbers of the zero values. Finally, many parametric gears which own power relative curvature and specific sliding than that of the “ideal” LogiX gear profile are presented.
Minimization of Deviations of Gear Real Tooth Surfaces Determined by Coordinate Measurements
Authors: Litvin F. L. , Kuan C. , Wang J.-C. , Handschuh Robert F. , Masseth J. , Maruyama N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The deviations of a gear’s real tooth surface from the theoretical surface are determined by coordinate measurements at the grid of the surface. A method has been developed to transform the deviations from Cartesian coordinates to those along the normal at the measurement locations. Equations are derived that relate the first order deviations with the adjustment to the manufacturing machine-tool settings. The deviations of the entire surface are minimized. The minimization is achieved by application of the least-square method for an overdetermined system of linear equations. The proposed method is illustrated with a numerical example for hypoid gear and pinion.