bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale topological disruption of chromosome territories 9 and 22 is associated with nonresponse to treatment in CML
Authors: Fabian‐Morales Eunice , Vallejo‐Escamilla David , Gudiño Adriana , Rodríguez Alfredo , González‐Barrios Rodrigo , Rodríguez Torres Yameli L. , Castro Hernández Clementina , de la Torre‐Luján Alfredo H. , Oliva‐Rico Diego A. , Ornelas Guzmán Erandhi C. , López Saavedra Alejandro , Frias Sara , Herrera Luis A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm defined by the presence of t(9;22) translocation whose origin has been associated with the tridimensional genome organization. This rearrangement leads to the fusion of BCR and ABL1 genes giving rise to a chimeric protein with constitutive kinase activity. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is used as a first‐line treatment for CML, though ~40% of CML patients do not respond. Here, using structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and 3D reconstruction, we studied the 3D organization patterns of the ABL1 and BCR genes, and their chromosome territories (CTs) CT9 and CT22, in CD34+ cells from CML patients that responded or not to TKI. We found that TKI resistance in CML is associated with high levels of structural disruption of CT9 and CT22 in CD34+ cells, increased CT volumes (especially for CT22), intermingling between CT9 and CT22, and an open‐chromatin epigenetic mark in CT22. Altogether our results suggest that large‐scale disruption of CT9 and CT22 correlates with the clinical response of CML patients, which could be translated into a potential prognostic marker of response to treatment in this disease and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying resistance to TKI in CML.
Polydopamine‐drug conjugate nanocomposites based on ZIF‐8 for targeted cancer photothermal‐chemotherapy
Authors: Ma Yuxuan , Wang Chenwei , Zhu Lvming , Yu Chunmei , Lu Bing , Wang Yang , Ding Yue , Dong Chang‐Ming , Yao Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStimuli‐responsive prodrug‐based nanoplatform with synergistic antitumor activity is of central importance to the development of promising nanomedicines for cancer therapy. Here, we describe a polydopamine‐drug conjugate nanocomposite (ZP‐PDA‐DOX) with targeted cancer photothermal‐chemotherapy (PTT‐CT), which constructed by a gradual copolymerization of dopamine (DA) and pH‐sensitive dopamine‐derived prodrug (DA‐DOX) into the porous channels of zeolite imidazolate frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8), followed by PEGylation with amino‐terminated folic acid‐polyethylene glycol (NH2‐PEG‐FA) to acquire the high biocompatibility, specificity, and excellent tumor‐targeting property. The incorporation of polydopamine strengthened the stability and dispersion of ZIF‐8, and also conferred photothermal conversion effect. In the tumor acidic microenvironment, the acid‐labile hydrazone linker of DA‐DOX and ZIF‐8 promptly degraded to release activated DOX. Moreover, the generated hyperthermia due to the high photothermal conversion efficiency of PDA component could accelerate drug release, and simultaneously thermally ablate tumor tissue to maximize the DOX‐induced CT, which could also assist PTT to eradicate tumor cells. This study provides a promising strategy for targeted cancer PTT‐CT with synergistic anti‐tumor effect.
Stepping Stones and Creating Futures: A group‐based approach to addressing violence against women through working with men
Authors: Gibbs Andrew , Mkhwanazi Smanga , Sikweyiya Yandisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn low‐ and middle‐income countries, group‐based interventions to address intimate partner violence (IPV) working with men, whether or not they are violent themselves, are increasingly common. Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (SSCF) is one intervention demonstrating reductions in men's perpetration of IPV through working with men around gender inequalities and livelihoods. Using a case study of Thembani, a young man living in an urban informal settlement in South Africa who was a participant within a large randomized controlled trial evaluating SSCF, we discuss how his use of violence changed. This reduction occurred through recognition that his situation was not a personal failing, but similar to others, thus reducing the shame he felt, learning to control his anger, and starting to understand how others felt when he used his power over others. This case study provides some initial evidence about how group‐based interventions working with men may start to transform men's practices.
What makes young people get involved with street gangs in London? A study of the perceived risk factors
Authors: Annan Louis Gladstone , Gaoua Nadia , Mileva Katya , Borges Mario 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examined the perceived determinants of street gang‐related antisocial behavior (ASB) and crime of young people (YP) in a deprived and ethnically diverse community in London. Twenty‐six participants were recruited from two youth centers (one sport and one art‐based program) from the borough of Tower Hamlets. Participants took part in four focus groups (FGs) organized into two youth (N = 14) and two adults (N = 12) subgroups. The FG questions explored participants' understanding of their community and social environment, their social interaction with the local YP and youth gangs. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach and key factors associated with youth gang membership, ASB, and crime were identified. Participants highlighted a series of determinants, which were centered on social predispositions and psychological factors. Associated risk factors were heavily embedded in the racial and religious tensions within the borough. Therefore, context‐specific to the individual communities' risk factors should be identified before the development and implementation of intervention strategies to enhance their potential for impact.
Neurological repercussions of neonatal nicotine exposure: A review
Authors: Xavier Joyal , Singh Sanjiv , Kumari Priyanka , Ravichandiran V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSmoking during pregnancy is hazardous to both the mother and the foetus, according to a substantial amount of recorded data. Exposure to nicotine and other compounds in cigarette smoke increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by two to five times during pregnancy. Serotonergic abnormalities have been discovered in SIDS infants in the zone of the medulla oblongata, which is known to control cardio‐respiratory function. SIDS establishes a connection between depression, learning difficulties and behavioural disorders. Prenatal nicotine intake during the second trimester affects the dopaminergic neurological system, making the foetal brain more susceptible to nicotine and developing ADHD symptoms not just in a foetus but in adolescents also. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the neurological route of neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and dopamine. Nicotine enhances neuronal activity in adults but desensitizes these processes in babies and young children exposed prenatally. The impact of a neurotoxin like nicotine is determined by the amount and duration of exposure. Continued exposure throughout pregnancy will influence a wide range of activities in the neurodevelopment, whereas exposure confined to a single stage of pregnancy may only affect the processes that are forming at that stage. To decrease the effect of nicotine on neonates due to maternal smoking strategies like nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), folic acid treatment and other behavioural treatments have been studied. Hence, this review focuses on the impact of exposure to nicotine on neonates, which results in various neurological consequences and smoking cessation therapies.
Scanning electron microscopic imaging of palynological metaphors: A case study of family Poaceae taxa
Authors: Harun Nidaa , Shaheen Shabnum , Ahmad Mushtaq , Abbas Zaheer , Bibi Fozia , Arshad Fahim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study highlighted the taxonomic utilization of palynological metaphors for selected members (53) of family Poaceae. Multiple microscopic technique light and scanning electrons had been employed for detailed analysis. Results reported monad pollen type in all studied 53 members, which showed its limited taxonomic value up to family level. In relation to shape of pollen both polar and equatorial views strikingly differed from each other. Like semi angular pollen observed in Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Wild. whereas round‐minutely irregular pollen in Lolium temulentum L. Polar and equatorial diameter also showed variation, that is, Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf. can be differentiated from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench on diameter variation basis. A pore characteristic does not show much qualitative variation; however pore sizes differ species to species. The most frequently scarbate sculpturing was observed in 28 species followed by verrucate. Hence it can be said that pollen shape, polar, and equatorial diameters, pore size, P/E ratio, pore sculpturing are of good taxonomic value and holds a significant position in identification and delimitation of Poaceae taxa.
Nitrogen and phosphorus removal using tile‐treatment wetlands: A 12‐year study from the midwestern United States
Authors: Lemke A. Maria , Kirkham Krista G. , Wallace Michael P. , VanZomeren Christine M. , Berkowitz Jacob F. , Kovacic David A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNutrient enrichment from tile‐drained agricultural lands to the Mississippi River is a leading cause of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Small edge‐of‐field wetlands can effectively treat nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3–N) export from tiles, although less research exists on their capacity to treat phosphorus (P). Additionally, long‐term data are needed to incorporate variability of weather and farming practices into assessments of wetland performance longevity. Research conducted over 12 yr quantified size‐effectiveness of wetlands to reduce NO3–N and dissolved P (orthophosphate [ORP]) loadings from subsurface tile systems. Nitrate‐N export was significantly higher during corn (Zea mays L.) than soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production years, during which 80–84% of mean annual loadings were exported during spring. Wetlands representing 3% (W1) of tile‐drained farmland area reduced 15–38% of NO3–N export, with cumulative reductions of 39–49 and 49–57% observed in wetlands representing 6 (W2) and 9% (W3) areas, respectively. Mass NO3–N removal ranged from 28 to 52%. Twelve‐year total ORP load reductions for W1 ranged from 53 to 81%, with cumulative reductions of 35–91% and 32–95% for W2 and W3 wetlands, respectively. Mass ORP removal ranged from 71 to 85%. Results emphasize how incorporating constructed wetlands into state and watershed‐level conservation planning can significantly contribute toward reducing excess N and P export to river systems and ultimately to the Gulf of Mexico.
Locomotor energetics in the Indonesian blue‐tongued skink (Tiliqua gigas) with implications for the cost of belly‐dragging in early tetrapods
Authors: Dickinson Edwin , Hanna Christopher S. , Fischer Hannah M. , Davoli Elizabeth C. , Currier Allen A. , Granatosky Michael C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the last decade, biomechanical and kinematic studies have suggested that a belly‐dragging gait may have represented a critical locomotor stage during tetrapod evolution. This form of locomotion is hypothesized to facilitate animals to move on land with relatively weaker pectoral muscles. The Indonesian blue‐tongued skink (Tiliqua gigas) is known for its belly‐dragging locomotion and is thought to employ many of the same spatiotemporal gait characteristics of stem tetrapods. Conversely, the savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus) employs a raised quadrupedal gait. Thus, differences in the energetic efficiency of locomotion between these taxa may elucidate the role of energetic optimization in driving gait shifts in early tetrapods. Five Tiliqua and four Varanus were custom‐fitted for 3D printed helmets that, combined with a Field Metabolic System, were used to collect open‐flow respirometry data including O2 consumption, CO2 production, water vapor pressure, barometric pressure, room temperature, and airflow rates. Energetic data were collected for each species at rest, and when walking at three different speeds. Energetic consumption in each taxon increased at greater speeds. On a per‐stride basis, energetic costs appear similar between taxa. However, significant differences were observed interspecifically in terms of net cost of transport. Overall, energy expenditure was ~20% higher in Tiliqua at equivalent speeds, suggesting that belly‐dragging does impart a tangible energetic cost during quadrupedal locomotion. This cost, coupled with the other practical constraints of belly‐dragging (e.g., restricting top‐end speed and reducing maneuverability in complex terrains) may have contributed to the adoption of upright quadrupedal walking throughout tetrapod locomotor evolution.
Circular RNA circ_0040823 inhibits the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells and induces apoptosis by regulating miR‐516b/PTEN
Authors: Wang Nianxue , Yang Bin , Jin Jiao , He Yu , Wu Xijun , Yang Yichen , Zhou Weijun , He Zhixu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveEndogenous circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The current study aimed to identify the role of circRNA 0040823 (circ_0040823) in AML.MethodsMicroarray datasets were analyzed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in AML patients. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers and AML patients for the measurement of circ_0040823 and miR‐516b levels. The overexpression or knockdown of a target gene in AML cells was achieved by the transfection with lentiviral vectors or small interfering RNAs. BALB/c nude mice were inoculated with AML cells and monitored for tumor growth. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull‐down assay were used to determine the binding relationship between circRNA and miRNA.Resultscirc_0040823 was significantly downregulated in AML patients and leukemia cells. Overexpression of circ_0040823 inhibited AML cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Upregulation of circ_0040823 also repressed the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. circ_0040823 acted as a miR‐516b sponge and regulated key cellular events in leukemia cells via downregulating miR‐516b. Moreover, tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was a downstream target of miR‐516b. The inhibition of miR‐516b impaired the proliferation capacity of leukemia cells and induced apoptosis, while PTEN deficiency attenuated these effects.ConclusionThis study showed that circ_0040823 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of AML cells by sponging miR‐516b, thereby diminishing the regulatory effect of miR‐516b on PTEN. These findings identified circ_0040823/miR‐516b/PTEN as a new therapeutic target for AML.
Humeral short stem varus–valgus alignment affects bone stress
Authors: Tavakoli Amir , Spangenberg Gregory , Reeves Jacob M. , Faber Kenneth J. , Langohr G. Daniel G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of uncemented humeral stems in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is associated with stress shielding. Shorter length stems have shown to decrease stress shielding; however, the effect of stem varus–valgus alignment is currently not known. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of short stem distal humeral endosteal contact due to varus–valgus angulation on bone stresses after TSA. Three‐dimensional models of eight male cadaveric humeri were constructed from computed tomography data. Bone models were reconstructed with a short stem humeral component implant in three positions (standard, varus, and valgus). Modeling was performed at 45° and 75° of abduction and the resulting differentials in bone stress compared to the intact state and the expected time‐zero bone response were determined. In cortical and trabecular bone, the standard position (STD) altered bone stress less than the valgus (VAL) and varus (VAR) positions relative to the intact state. For both cortical (p = 0.033) and trabecular (p = 0.012) bone, the VAL position produced a larger volume of bone with resorbing potential compared to the STD position.
Single‐drop microextraction technique for the determination of antibiotics in environmental water
Authors: Li Guizhen , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGrowing concerns related to antibiotic residues in environmental water have encouraged the development of rapid, sensitive, and accurate analytical methods. Single‐drop microextraction has been recognized as an efficient approach for the isolation and preconcentration of several analytes from a complex sample matrix. Thus, single‐drop microextraction techniques are cost‐effective and less harmful to the environment, subscribing to green analytical chemistry principles.Herein, an overview and the current advances in single‐drop microextraction for the determination of antibiotics in environmental water are presented were included. In particular, two main approaches used to perform single‐drop microextraction (direct immersion‐single‐drop microextraction and headspace‐single‐drop microextraction) are reviewed. Furthermore, the impressive analytical features and future perspectives of single‐drop microextraction are discussed in this review.
Reliability and Agreement of Ultrasonographic Measures of the Ovarian Stroma: Impact of Methodology
Authors: Vanden Brink Heidi , Nosrati Avigdor , Ortiz‐Flores Andrés E. , Tam Ashley , Jarrett Brittany Y. , Johnson Lynn , Peppin Andrew K. , Lujan Marla E. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesIncreased ovarian stromal area (SA), stromal‐to‐ovarian area ratio (S/A), and echogenicity (SEcho) on ultrasonography have been proposed as diagnostic markers for polycystic ovary syndrome. Although several methods to evaluate the stroma exist, their reproducibility has not been defined which limits clinical utility. This study aimed to determine the interrater reliability and agreement of methods to evaluate SA, S/A, and SEcho.MethodsFive raters tested 3 methods to obtain SA and S/A, and one to obtain SEcho on 30 ovarian cineloops under two imaging conditions, simulating real‐time (free‐choice) or offline (fixed‐frame) imaging. For SA, Method 1 subtracted follicular area from the ovarian area, Method 2 involved outlining the periphery of the stroma, and Method 3 represented a hybrid approach in which central follicles were subtracted from the outlined stroma. SEcho was scored on a subjective 3‐tiered scale. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the coefficient of variation were determined for SA and S/A, and Fleiss' kappa agreement statistics (κ) were determined for SEcho.ResultsInterrater reliability of SA was superior using Method 1 (ICC = 0.558 and ICC = 0.705) versus Method 2 (ICC = 0.522 and ICC = 0.230) or Method 3 (ICC = 0.429 and ICC = 0.305) under free‐choice and fixed‐frame imaging conditions, respectively. Interrater reliability of S/A was also moderate to poor across methods. SEcho was also not reliably assessed across raters (κ = <0.500).ConclusionsUltrasonographic assessments of the ovarian stroma were associated with moderate to poor reproducibility. Indirect estimates of the ovarian stroma (Method 1) could be optimized to yield a reproducible approach, clarifying the clinical relevance of the stroma.
Dose‐Dependent Effects of Royal Jelly on Estrogen‐ and Progesterone‐Induced Mammary Gland Hyperplasia in Rats
Authors: Liu Yibing , Wu Dequn , Wang Kang , Chen Heng , Xu Hao , Zong Wencheng , Zhang Nan , Zhao Luan , Lin Zheguang , Ji Ting 
Published: December 2021

ScopeRoyal jelly (RJ) has a wide range of biological functions, its effect on hyperplasia of the mammary gland (HMG) in mammals is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of RJ on HMG and the dose–response relationship of RJ in the treatment of HMG.Methods and ResultsHMG rats are induced by intramuscular injection of estrogen (E2) and progesterone, and are treated with different doses of RJ (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg–1d–1). As a result, RJ improves the expansion of acinar and breast tissue ducts, particularly at 100 and 800 mg kg–1d–1. These two doses also inhibit serum E2 and prolactin (PRL) secretion and increase serum progesterone secretion and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)‐β in the breast tissue. In addition, 800 mg kg–1d–1decrease and increase the mRNA expression of, respectively, hypothalamic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and pituitaryGnRHreceptors (GnRH‐R). The lowest dosage (100 mg kg–1d–1) increasesGnRH‐RmRNA expression as well. However, the effects of 200 and 400 mg kg–1d–1RJ on the reproductive parameters of HMG are not significant, implying a dose‐dependent effect.ConclusionRJ regulates endocrine dyscrasia in HMG rats and improves the breast tissue structure, indicating its potential in the prevention and treatment on HMG.
Commissioning and routine quality assurance of the Radixact Synchrony system
Authors: Goddard Lee , Jeong Kyoungkeun , Tomé Wolfgang A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe Radixact Synchrony system allows for target motion correction when tracking either fiducials in/around the target or a dense lesion in the lung. As such evaluation testing and quality assurance (QA) tests are required.MethodsTo allow for QA procedures to be performed with a range of available phantoms evaluation of the dosimetric delivery accuracy was performed for a range of motions, phantoms, and motion platforms. A Computerized Imaging Reference Systems, Incorporated (CIRS) 1D motion platform and Accuray Tomotherapy “Cheese” phantom was utilized to perform absolute dose and GafChromic EBT3 film measurements. A HexaMotion platform and Delta4 phantom were utilized to quantify the effects of 1D and 3D motions. Inter‐device comparison was performed with the ArcCHECK and Delta4 phantoms and GafChromic EBT3 film, five patient plans were delivered to each phantom when static and with two different motion types both with and without Synchrony motion correction.ResultsA range of QA tests are described. A phantom was designed to allow for daily verification of system functionality. This test allows for the detection of either fiducials or a dense silicone target with a stationary phantom. Monthly testing procedures are described that allow the user to verify the dosimetric improvement when utilizing synchrony delivery motion compensation versus uncorrected motions. These can be performed utilizing a 1D motion stage with an ion‐chamber and GafChromic EBT3 film to allow for a 2D dosimetric validation. Alternatively, a 3D motion platform can be utilized where available. Monthly and annual imaging tests are described. Finally, annual test procedures designed to verify the coincidence of the imaging system and treatment isocenter are described. The evaluation of the Synchrony system using a range of QA devices shows consistently high dosimetric accuracy with similar trends in passing criteria found with GafChromic EBT3 film, ArcCHECK, and Delta4 phantoms for density‐based respiratory model compensation.ConclusionThese results highlight the large improvements in the dose distribution when motion is accounted for with the Synchrony system as measured with a range of phantoms and motion platforms that the majority of users will have available. The testing methods and QA procedures described provide guidance for new users of the Radixact Synchrony system as they implement their own QA programs for this system, until such time as an AAPM task group report is made available. QA procedures including Kilovolts (kV) imaging quality metrics and imaging dose parameters, dose deposition accuracy, target detection coincidence, and target position detection accuracy are described.