bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryogel‐based Injectable 3D Microcarrier Co‐culture for Support of Hematopoietic Progenitor Niches
Authors: Tavakol Daniel Naveed , Bonini Fabien , Tratwal Josefine , Genta Martina , Brefie‐Guth Joé , Braschler Thomas , Naveiras Olaia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can restore functional hematopoiesis upon immune or chemotherapy‐induced bone marrow failure, complications often arise during recovery, leading to up to 25% transplant‐related mortality in treated patients. In hematopoietic homeostasis and regeneration, HSCs in the bone marrow give rise to the entirety of cellular blood components. One of the challenges in studying hematopoiesis is the ability to successfully mimic the relationship between the stroma and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This study and the described protocols propose an advantageous method for culturing and assessing stromal hematopoietic support in three dimensions, representing a simplified in vitro model of the bone marrow niche that can be transplanted in vivo by injection. By co‐culturing OP9 bone marrow–derived stromal cells (BMSCs) and cKit+ Sca‐1+ Lin– (KLS+) HSPCs on collagen‐coated carboxymethylcellulose scaffolds for 2 weeks in the absence of cytokines, we established a methodology for in vivo subcutaneous transplantation. With this model we were able to detect early signs of extramedullary hematopoiesis. This work can be useful for studying various stromal cell populations in co‐culture, as well as simple transfer by injection of these scaffolds in vivo for heterotopic regeneration of the marrow microenvironment. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.[Correction added on May 17, 2022, after first online publication: CSAL funding statement has been added.]Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of HSPCs from miceBasic Protocol 2: Co‐seeding of HSPCs and BMSCs on collagen‐coated CCMsBasic Protocol 3: Maintenance, real‐time imaging, and analysis of co‐seeded scaffoldsBasic Protocol 4: End‐point analysis of co‐seeded scaffolds using flow cytometry and CFU assaysBasic Protocol 5: Transplantation of scaffolds by subcutaneous injectionSupport Protocol: Preparation of custom scaffold drying device
The evolution of the shared societies concept: The theoretical concept's application in practice
Authors: McCartney Clem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe concept of a Shared Society emerged around 2007. The paper describes the evolution of the concept from a statement of intent and a rallying call to mobilize interest, then a framework for exploring the costs of social exclusion and how to overcome them, until today it is a coherent analytical framework which can guide practice and evaluation. It considers the ways in which the Concept differs from other approaches to overcoming social divisions, and in particular the distinctive nature of the relationship between the society and the people living in it. Consideration is given to the usefulness of the Concept and how it can guide the policy process from development through implementation to monitoring and finally evaluation, to ensure progress towards a society that works for all and overcomes division and conflict.
Understanding the causes and consequences of variability in infant ERP editing practices
Authors: Monroy Claire , Domínguez‐Martínez Estefanía , Taylor Benjamin , Marin Oscar Portolés , Parise Eugenio , Reid Vincent M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current study examined the effects of variability on infant event‐related potential (ERP) data editing methods. A widespread approach for analyzing infant ERPs is through a trial‐by‐trial editing process. Researchers identify electroencephalogram (EEG) channels containing artifacts and reject trials that are judged to contain excessive noise. This process can be performed manually by experienced researchers, partially automated by specialized software, or completely automated using an artifact‐detection algorithm. Here, we compared the editing process from four different editors—three human experts and an automated algorithm—on the final ERP from an existing infant EEG dataset. Findings reveal that agreement between editors was low, for both the numbers of included trials and of interpolated channels. Critically, variability resulted in differences in the final ERP morphology and in the statistical results of the target ERP that each editor obtained. We also analyzed sources of disagreement by estimating the EEG characteristics that each human editor considered for accepting an ERP trial. In sum, our study reveals significant variability in ERP data editing pipelines, which has important consequences for the final ERP results. These findings represent an important step toward developing best practices for ERP editing methods in infancy research.
Anhedonia in eating disorders: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Dolan Sarah C. , Khindri Ruchika , Franko Debra L. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Reilly Erin E. , Eddy Kamryn T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveAnhedonia, or loss of pleasure, is related to deficits in reward processing across a variety of psychiatric disorders. In light of research suggesting abnormal reward processing in eating disorders (EDs), the study of anhedonia in EDs may yield important insights into the role of reward in eating pathology. This meta‐analysis and review aimed to provide both a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the existing literature on this topic.MethodWe conducted this research (or these meta‐analyses) according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched four databases for both peer‐reviewed and unpublished literature, and included studies only if a self‐report or clinical interview measure of anhedonia was administered to a sample with an ED diagnosis.ResultsWe included 21 studies in the systematic review, and 10 studies in two meta‐analyses that compared anhedonia between ED and control samples (n = 9 studies) and within different ED diagnoses (n = 5 studies). Meta‐analyses revealed that anhedonia was significantly higher in ED groups compared to healthy controls, but there was no significant difference in anhedonia between ED diagnostic groups. A qualitative review of the literature also suggested that anhedonia may be correlated with increased ED symptom severity.DiscussionFindings indicated that anhedonia is elevated in EDs and may be a relevant treatment target. Future research should examine how self‐reported anhedonia may correlate with components of reward processing in EDs in order to improve theoretical models as well as targeted interventions.
Dual function and associated costs of a highly exaggerated trait in a cichlid fish
Authors: Rometsch Sina J. , Torres‐Dowdall Julián , Machado‐Schiaffino Gonzalo , Karagic Nidal , Meyer Axel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExaggerated secondary sexual characteristics are apparently costly and seem to defy natural selection. This conundrum promoted the theory of sexual selection. Accordingly, exaggerated secondary sexual characteristics might be ornaments on which female choice is based and/or armaments used during male–male competition. Males of many cichlid fish species, including the adaptive radiation of Nicaraguan Midas cichlids, develop a highly exaggerated nuchal hump, which is thought to be a sexually selected trait. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of behavioral assays in F2 hybrids obtained from crossing a species with a relatively small hump and one with an exaggerated hump. Mate‐choice experiments showed a clear female preference for males with large humps. In an open‐choice experiment with limited territories, couples including large humped males were more successful in acquiring these territories. Therefore, nuchal humps appear to serve dual functions as an ornament for attracting mates and as an armament for direct contest with rivals. Although being beneficial in terms of sexual selection, this trait also imposes fitness costs on males possessing disproportionally large nuchal humps since they exhibit decreased endurance and increased energetic costs when swimming. We conclude that these costs illustrate trade‐offs associated with large hump size between sexual and natural selection, which causes the latter to limit further exaggeration of this spectacular male trait.
Non‐targeted metabolomics identify polyamine metabolite acisoga as novel biomarker for reduced left ventricular function
Authors: Puetz Andreas , Artati Anna , Adamski Jerzy , Schuett Katharina , Romeo Francesco , Stoehr Robert , Marx Nikolaus , Federici Massimo , Lehrke Michael , Kappel Ben A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsChronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction remains a major health issue. To date, no reliable biomarker is available to predict reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LV‐EF). We aimed to identify novel circulating biomarkers for reduced left ventricular function using untargeted serum metabolomics in two independent patient cohorts.Methods and resultsEchocardiography and non‐targeted serum metabolomics were conducted in two patient cohorts with varying left ventricular function: (1) 25 patients with type 2 diabetes with established cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk (LV‐EF range 20–66%) (discovery cohort) and (2) 37 patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction (LV‐EF range 25–60%) (validation cohort). In the discovery cohort, untargeted metabolomics revealed seven metabolites performing better than N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide in the prediction of impaired left ventricular function shown by LV‐EF. For only one of the metabolites, acisoga, the predictive value for LV‐EF could be confirmed in the validation cohort (r = −0.37, P = 0.02). In the discovery cohort, acisoga did not only correlate with LV‐EF (r = −60, P = 0.0016), but also with global circumferential strain (r = 0.67, P = 0.0003) and global longitudinal strain (r = 0.68, P = 0.0002). Similar results could be detected in the discovery cohort in a 6 month follow‐up proofing stability of these results over time. With an area under the curve of 0.86 in the receiver operating characteristic analysis, acisoga discriminated between patients with normal EF and LV‐EF < 40%. Multivariate analysis exposed acisoga as independent marker for impairment of LV‐EF (Beta = −0.71, P = 0.004).ConclusionsWe found the polyamine metabolite acisoga to be elevated in patients with impaired LV‐EF in two independent cohorts. Our analyses suggest that acisoga may be a valuable biomarker to detect patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
From Simple Alkenes and CO2 to Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids: Computational Studies and Predictions
Authors: Echeverría Jorge , Jover Jesús 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFluorinated carboxylic acids may soon become a relevant class of compounds for new materials development and as synthons in medicinal chemistry. In this report, a potential method based on a hydroboration/copper‐catalyzed carboxylation reaction sequence has been computationally explored to check whether these moieties could be synthetically accessible. DFT calculations fully support the possibility of obtaining fluorinated carboxylic acids from simple fluorinated alkenes and gaseous carbon dioxide, paving the way to future preparation of this class of chemicals.
Dual Fe/Pd‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling: Constructing gem‐Difluoroallylenes with Alkenyl Bromides and Bromodifluoromethanes
Authors: Li Tao , Luo Yuhang , Wu Zefeng , Xiao Tiebo , Jiang Yubo , Qin Guiping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReported herein is an unprecedented dual iron/palladium‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling of alkenyl bromides and bromodifluoromethanes with manganese as the reductant. This methodology leads to the efficient construction of a series of gem‐difluoroallylenes under mild reaction conditions without requiring the addition of stoichiometric amounts of catalyst. Preliminary mechanism investigations indicate that the radical pathway might not be involved in this novel dual transition metal catalyzed reaction.
Trends in Vitamin D Status Around the World
Authors: Lips Paul , de Jongh Renate T. , van Schoor Natasja M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTVitamin D status varies across all continents and countries. Vitamin D status usually is adequate in Latin America and Australia, but in contrast it is very low in the Middle East and some countries in Asia. Trends in vitamin D status, whether it improves or declines over the years, carry important messages. Trends usually are small, but can be predictors and indicators of general health. Vitamin D status has improved in the older population in the United States, and improvement relates to dairy use and vitamin D supplements. To the contrary, vitamin D status has declined in the Inuit population of Canada due to a change from a traditional fish diet to a Western diet. A large improvement was seen in Finland after mandatory fortification of dairy products was introduced. Determinants of decline are less sun exposure, increased use of sunscreen, increase of body mass index (BMI), less physical activity, and poor socioeconomic status. Determinants of increase are food fortification with vitamin D and vitamin D supplements. Food fortification can lead to a population‐wide increase in vitamin D status as shown by the Finnish example. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Genes controlling skeletal muscle glucose uptake and their regulation by endurance and resistance exercise
Authors: Verbrugge Sander A. J. , Alhusen Julia A. , Kempin Shimon , Pillon Nicolas J. , Rozman Jan , Wackerhage Henning , Kleinert Maximilian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExercise improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Due to that, exercise has become a cornerstone treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanisms by which exercise improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity are, however, incompletely understood. We conducted a systematic review to identify all genes whose gain or loss of function alters skeletal muscle glucose uptake. We subsequently cross‐referenced these genes with recently generated data sets on exercise‐induced gene expression and signaling. Our search revealed 176 muscle glucose‐uptake genes, meaning that their genetic manipulation altered glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Notably, exercise regulates the expression or phosphorylation of more than 50% of the glucose‐uptake genes or their protein products. This included many genes that previously have not been associated with exercise‐induced insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, endurance and resistance exercise triggered some common but mostly unique changes in expression and phosphorylation of glucose‐uptake genes or their protein products. Collectively, our work provides a resource of potentially new molecular effectors that play a role in the incompletely understood regulation of muscle insulin sensitivity by exercise.
The role of trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide in the development of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Buawangpong Nida , Pinyopornpanish Kanokporn , Siri‐Angkul Natthapat , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is associated with multiple risk factors and is the most common type of dementia. Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota metabolite derived from dietary choline and carnitine, has recently been identified as a potential risk factor of Alzheimer's disease. It has been demonstrated that TMAO is associated with Alzheimer's disease through various pathophysiological pathways. As a result of molecular crowding effects, TMAO causes the aggregation of the two proteins, amyloid‐beta peptide and tau protein. The aggregation of these proteins is the main pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease. In addition, it has been found that TMAO can activate astrocytes, and inflammatory response. Besides molecular investigation, animal and human studies have also supported the existence of a functional relationship between TMAO and cognitive decline. This article comprehensively summarizes the relationship between TMAO and Alzheimer's disease including emerging evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. We hope that this knowledge will improve the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the near future.
Using program yield to guide dental educational process improvement
Authors: Chambers David W. 
Published: November 2021

IssueDental education is a complex system of activities repeated on an annual cycle. Small adjustments are constant in an effort to improve the overall performance of the process. While it is possible to evaluate each change in isolation against standards particular to their circumstances, it is ultimately necessary to ensure that the set of changes has an overall positive impact on the program as a whole.ApproachIt is valuable to have a school‐wide criterion for choosing the best portfolio of constituent activities. This perspective piece describes the use of one such standard: program yield, defined as the proportion of students who are recognized as competent practitioners within a few months of the anticipated graduation date. The success of one program that used this approach is described. It is also suggested that dental education is a cyclical process that involves the four classical components of the quality movement. These are described as Goal, Experience, Assessment, and Refection in this paper.ImpactThis is the first of three related perspectives. The other two are devoted to quality assurance and improvement and the challenge of transferring innovations published in the literature to application in other schools. The common theme in these perspectives is the value of driving improvement in dental education by focus on the outcome variable.
Detection of antibodies against influenza D virus in swine veterinarians in Italy in 2004
Authors: Trombetta Claudia Maria , Montomoli Emanuele , Di Bartolo Ilaria , Ostanello Fabio , Chiapponi Chiara , Marchi Serena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInfluenza D virus (IDV) was first isolated from a swine with respiratory disease symptoms in 2011 in the United States. Epidemiological and serological studies support the hypothesis that cattle represent the natural reservoir of IDV with periodical spillover events to other animal hosts. Little is known about the seroprevalence in humans and in specific target groups such as veterinarians in Italy. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of antibodies against two influenza D lineages (D/660 and D/OK) in Italy in archived serum samples from veterinarians working with swine collected in 2004. Serum samples were tested by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) assays. Results showed that 4.88% (4/82) of tested samples were positive for D/660 and 2.44% (2/82) for D/OK by HI assay. Three out of four samples showed positivity when tested by VN assay. Our data suggest undetected IDVs might have circulated and/or been introduced in Italy as early as 2004 at least in some animal species such as swine. In addition, it seems that the virus was circulating among veterinarians before the first isolation in 2011. This finding highlights the importance to continue monitoring the IDV spread in animals and humans for more detailed surveillance.
Improvement of the halotolerance of a Bacillus serine protease by protein surface engineering
Authors: Takenaka Shinji , Takada Airi , Kimura Yukihiro , Watanabe Masanori , Kuntiya Ampin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA moderately halotolerant serine protease was previously isolated from Bacillus subtilis from salted, fermented food. Eight mutation sites on the protein surface were selected for protein engineering based on sequence and structural comparisons with moderately halotolerant proteases and homologous non‐halotolerant proteases. The newly constructed multiple mutants with substituted Asp and Arg residues were compared with the recombinant wild type (rApr) and the previously constructed mAla‐8 substituted with Ala to analyze the contribution of protein surface charge to the salt adaptation of the protease. The three mutants showed >1.2‐fold greater halotolerance than rApr. In addition, the mutants showed a broader range of pH stability than rApr, retaining >80% of their maximum activity in the pH range 5.0–11. The mutants also retained >75% of their activity after incubation for 1 h at pH 8.0 and 55°C or at pH 11.5 and 25°C. The Asp and Arg residues exchanged by multiple substitution probably played a role in increasing protein surface hydration and solubility in high salt conditions. This study illustrated that increasing a high proportion of the negative or positive charge on the surface of the Bacillus serine protease stably improved the protein's salt adaptation.
Associations between residual hyperarousal and insomnia symptoms in veterans following a 2‐week intensive outpatient program for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Tanev Kaloyan S. , Lynch Elyse A. , Blackburn Allyson M. , Terry Douglas , Goetter Elizabeth M. , Wright Edward C. , Gupta Carina , Stasko Cory E. , Spencer Tom 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany returning military service members and veterans who were deployed following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11) suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and insomnia. Although intensive treatment programs for PTSD have shown promise in the treatment of PTSD symptoms, recent research has demonstrated that sleep disturbance shows little improvement following intensive trauma‐focused treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in self‐reported insomnia symptoms among veterans and service members following participation in a 2‐week intensive program for PTSD. We further aimed to investigate if residual PTSD symptoms, specifically hyperarousal, were associated with residual insomnia symptoms. Participants (N = 326) completed self‐report assessments of insomnia, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms at pre‐ and posttreatment. At pretreatment, 73.9% of participants (n = 241) met the criteria for moderate or severe insomnia, whereas at posttreatment 67.7% of participants (n = 203) met the criteria. Results of paired t tests demonstrated statistically significant differences between pre‐ and posttreatment Insomnia Severity Index scores; however, the effect size was small, d = 0.34. Analyses revealed that posttreatment hyperarousal symptoms were associated with posttreatment insomnia. These findings suggest that although an intensive program for service members and veterans with PTSD may significantly reduce insomnia symptoms, clinically meaningful residual insomnia symptoms remain. Further research is warranted to elucidate the association between residual hyperarousal and insomnia symptoms following intensive trauma‐focused treatment.