bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sequentially fed high protein, hydrolyzed protein, and high fiber diets on the fecal microbiota of healthy dogs: a cross-over study
Authors: Martínez-López Lina María , Pepper Amy , Pilla Rachel , Woodward Andrew P. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Mansfield Caroline 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Dietary content and environmental factors can shape the gut microbiota, and consequently, the way the gut microbiota metabolizes fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, affecting overall health of the host. We evaluated the impact of 3 diets (all meat [raw], high-insoluble fiber dry extruded diet and hydrolyzed protein dry extruded diet) on the gut microbiota of healthy dogs in a cross-over sequential study.

Results
We showed that diet can have an effect on the gut microbiome in dogs, which was influenced by the order of feeding. High-protein (all meat) diets were characterized by an increase in bacteria belonging to the Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla, whereas a high-insoluble fiber commercial diet correlated with increases in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. However, the individual dog’s baseline microbiota had the most impact on the magnitude and nature of the changes in response to dietary intervention.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the dog fecal microbiota is driven by protein and fiber composition to different degrees in individual animals, and targeted modification of these patterns could be useful in the modulation of the gut microbiota in different diseases.
Responsiveness to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Is Associated With a Peripheral Blood T-Cell Signature in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Simnica Donjete , Smits Minke , Willscher Edith , Fanchi Lorenzo F. , Kloots Iris S.H. , van Oort Inge , Gerritsen Winald , Mehra Niven , Binder Mascha 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE Although most patients with microsatellite instable (MSI) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), only a small subset of patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors have similar benefit. Biomarkers defining ICB-susceptible subsets of patients with MSS mCRPC are urgently needed. METHODS Using next-generation T-cell repertoire sequencing, we explored immune signatures in 54 patients with MSS and MSI mCRPC who were treated with or without ICB. We defined subset-specific immune metrics as well as T-cell clusters and correlated the signatures with treatment benefit. RESULTS Consistent overlaps between tumor and peripheral T-cell repertoires suggested that blood was an informative material to identify relevant T-cell signatures. We found considerably higher blood T-cell richness and diversity and more shared T-cell clusters with low generation probability (pGen) in MSI versus MSS mCRPC, potentially reflecting more complex T-cell responses because of a greater neoepitope load in the MSI subset. Interestingly, patients with MSS mCRPC with shared low pGen T-cell clusters showed significantly better outcomes with ICB, but not with other treatments, compared with patients without such clusters. Blood clearance of T-cell clusters on ICB treatment initiation seemed to be compatible with T-cell migration to the primary tumor or metastatic sites during the process of clonal replacement as described for other tumors receiving ICB. CONCLUSION The MSI mCRPC subset shows a distinct T-cell signature that can be detected in blood. This signature points to immune parameters that could help identify a subset of patients with MSS mCRPC who may have an increased likelihood of responding to ICB or to combination approaches including ICB.
Counting Frequency
Authors: Smith Christen A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Examining Black women's experiences with policing, this article argues that police terror is not predicated upon gender; rather, it enacts gender by undoing gender. Thus, it requires a new arithmetic of time and space in order to read beyond normative, hypermasculine narratives of police violence. While the dominant discourse of race and policing asserts that police terror disproportionately affects Black men, the frequency of Black women's experiences with police terror attunes to a lingering yet deadly impact beyond the linear, Cartesian dimensions of body counting, a frequency the article terms sequelae. Policing stretches and bends time and space as part of its (un)gendering practice. Through a brief survey of cases in Brazil and the United States, this article considers sequelae as a new arithmetic for calculating the multiple frequencies of police terror against Black women. Specifically, the article examines the case of Luana Barbosa dos Reis, a Black lesbian mother who was beaten to death by police officers in São Paulo in 2016. The article argues that her beating was an act of (un)gendering—a desire to both discipline her as a Black female/mother and erase her potential humanity by denying her desired gender identification (female). In this sense, her death was an act of anti-Black terror “in the wake.” Through a close reading of the police ledger, the police report, and the physical violence she endured, the article argues that her story teaches us the need for a new way of counting the frequency of police terror in relationship to time, space, and the Black female/mother body.
Futures of Life and Futures of Reason
Authors: Mbembe Achille 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the new century unfolds, humans are increasingly surrounded by multiple and expanding wave fronts of calculation. What remains of the human subject in an age when instrumental reason is carried out by and through information machines and technologies of calculation? Who will set the boundary that distinguishes between the calculable and the incalculable? In the double-edged conditions of our times, what will it take to turn instruments of calculation into instruments of liberation?
Yuan-Ming Sanqu Songs as Communal Texts: Discovering Their Literary Vitality from a New Research Perspective
Authors: Ye Ye , Wang Erxin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When examining songs in Chinese literature, we can distinguish among literary, musical, and communal aspects of their circulation. Sanqu songs became popular in the form of musical texts in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, but the ci song lyrics, by the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) if not earlier, had already become a form of communal text in a broad sense. While relying on musical and literary aspects in the early stages of circulation, such ci song lyrics also became increasingly meaningful as social artifacts characterized by diverse forms of usage and participation, and they have been widely appreciated as a “literary-cultural phenomenon” unrelated to music per se. Standard histories of Chinese literature typically interpret the interaction between Song dynasty ci song lyrics and Yuan dynasty sanqu songs and song-drama as a natural evolution of literary forms. To be sure, these histories address the vitality of the musicality and popular nature of such songs while also paying attention to the artistic styles, inherent characters, and originality of sanqu song composition (tige xingfen 體格性分). From such an analysis, however, we know very little about the textual forms and mechanisms of transmission of Yuan-Ming sanqu songs beyond the realm of music and songwriters. In this regard, this article explores whether it was possible for the ci song lyrics, as a literary genre of greater maturity and higher status, albeit divorced from music, to transfer its literary experience to sanqu songs. Such a line of inquiry is also relevant to the study of the survival of various forms of Chinese musical literature beyond their original environments. It also helps us think about the complex relationships between the musical and communal functions of ci song lyrics and sanqu songs.
Have the eyes of bioluminescent scale worms adapted to see their own light? A comparative study of eyes and vision inHarmothoe imbricataandLepidonotus squamatus
Authors: Garm Anders , Simonsen Sidsel H. , Mendoza-González Paula , Worsaae Katrine 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAnnelids constitute a diverse phylum with more than 19,000 species, which exhibit greatly varying morphologies and lifestyles ranging from sessile detritivores to fast swimming active predators. The lifestyle of an animal is closely linked to its sensory systems, not least the visual equipment. Interestingly, many errantian annelid species from different families, such as the scale worms (Polynoidae), have two pairs of eyes on their prostomium. These eyes are typically 100–200 µm in diameter and structurally similar judged from their gross morphology. The polynoids Harmothoe imbricata and Lepidonotus squamatus from the North Atlantic are both benthic predators preying on small invertebrates but only H. imbricata can produce bioluminescence in its scales. Here, we examined the eye morphology, photoreceptor physiology and light-guided behaviour in these two scale worms to assess their visual capacity and visual ecology. The structure and physiology of the two pairs of eyes are remarkably similar within each species, with the only difference being the gaze direction. The photoreceptor physiology, however, differs between species. Both species express a single opsin in their eyes, but in H. imbricata the peak sensitivity is green shifted and the temporal resolution is lower, suggesting that the eyes of H. imbricata are adapted to detect their own bioluminescence. The behavioural experiments showed that both species are strictly night active but yielded no support for the hypothesis that H. imbricata is repelled by its own bioluminescence.
Prognostic Impact of Different Gleason Patterns on Biopsy Within Grade Group 4 Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Sharma Vidit , Comperat Eva M. , Sato Shun , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Schuettfort Victor M. , Pradere Benjamin , Sari Motlagh Reza , Mostafaei Hadi , Quhal Fahad , Kardoust Parizi Mehdi , Abufaraj Mohammad , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Egawa Shin , Tilki Derya , Boorjian Stephen A. , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Grade group (GG) 4 prostate cancer (PC) is considered a single entity; however, there are questions regarding prognostic heterogeneity. This study assessed the prognostic differences among various Gleason scores (GSs) classified as GG 4 PC on biopsy before radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods
We conducted a multicenter retrospective study, and a total of 1791 patients (GS 3 + 5: 190; GS 4 + 4: 1557; and GS 5 + 3: 44) with biopsy GG 4 were included for analysis. Biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with high-risk surgical pathologic features. Cox regression models were used to analyze time-dependent oncologic endpoints.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 75 months, 750 patients (41.9%) experienced BCR, 146 (8.2%) died of any causes, and 57 (3.2%) died of PC. Biopsy GS 5 + 3 was associated with significantly higher rates of GS upgrading in RP specimens than GS 3 + 5 and GS 4 + 4. On multivariable analysis adjusted for clinicopathologic features, different GSs within GG 4 were significantly associated with BCR (p = 0.03) but not PC-specific or all-cause mortality. Study limitations include the lack of central pathological specimen evaluation.

Conclusions
Patients with GG 4 at biopsy exhibited some limited biological and clinical heterogeneity. Specifically, GS 5 + 3 had an increased risk of GS upgrading. This can help individualize patients’ counseling and encourage further study to refine biopsy specimen-based GG classification.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of C,N-Swapped Boranils Derived from Potassium Acyltrifluoroborates
Authors: Matsuura Satsuki , Taguchi Jumpei , Seki Tomohiro , Ito Hajime 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Novel C,O-chelated bora-heterocycles were synthesized. Reaction of potassium acyltrifluoroborates with tetrahydroquinolin-8-ol furnished C,N-swapped boranils in a single step. All five obtained borates showed photoluminescence in solid state. One of them showed yellow-to-orange reversible mechanochromic luminescence. Further derivatization afforded a B-chiral borate with an O,C,O-tridentate ligand that showed significant thermochromism.
The impact of Human Papilloma Virus status on the prediction of head and neck cancer chemoradiotherapy outcomes using the pre-treatment apparent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Connor Steve , Anjari Mustafa , Burd Christian , Guha Amrita , Lei Mary , Guerrero-Urbano Teresa , Pai Irumee , Bassett Paul , Goh Vicky 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To determine the impact of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) status on the prediction of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) chemoradiotherapy (CRT) outcomes with pre-treatment quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI).

Methods:
Following ethical approval, 65 participants (53 male, age 59.9 ± 7.86) underwent pre-treatment DW-MRI in this prospective cohort observational study. There were 46 HPV OPC and 19 other HNSCC cases with Stage III/IV HNSCC. Regions of interest (ROIs) (volume, largest area, core) at the primary tumour (n = 57) and largest pathological node (n = 59) were placed to analyse ADCmean and ADCmin. Unpaired t-test or Mann–Whitney test evaluated the impact of HPV OPC status and clinical parameters on their prediction of post-CRT 2 year locoregional and disease-free survival (LRFS and DFS). Multivariate logistic regression compared significant variables with 2 year outcomes.

Results:
On univariate analysis of all participants, the primary tumour area ADCmean was predictive of 2 year LRFS (p = 0.04). However, only the HPV OPC diagnosis (LFRS p = 0.03; DFS p = 0.02) predicted outcomes on multivariate analysis. None of the pre-treatment ADC values were predictive of 2 year DFS in the HPV OPC subgroup (p = 0.21–0.68). Amongst participants without 2 year disease-free survival, HPV-OPC was found to have much lower primary tumour ADCmean values than other HNSCC.

Conclusion:
Knowledge of HPV OPC status is required in order to determine the impact of the pre-treatment ADC values on post-CRT outcomes in HNSCC.

Advances in knowledge:
Pre-treatment ADCmean and ADCmin values acquired using different ROI methods are not predictive of 2 year survival outcomes in HPV OPC.
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) with diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) in prostate cancer: Prevalence and clinical significance of incidental findings
Authors: Kumasaka Soma , Motegi Shunichi , Kumasaka Yuka , Nishikata Tatsuya , Otomo Masami , Tsushima Yoshito 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) is now recommended as a first-line staging modality in prostate cancer patients, and the widespread use of DWIBS may lead to an increased frequency of incidental findings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of incidental findings on whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) with DWIBS.

Methods:
Data from 124 patients with prostate cancer (age, 76.5 ± 5.6 years), who underwent 1.5 T WB-MRI with STIR, TSE-T2, TSE-T1, In/Out GRE, and DWIBS sequences, were retrospectively analyzed. Findings unrelated to prostate cancer were considered as incidental findings and categorized into two groups based on their clinical implications as follows: imaging follow-up or additional examinations was required (significant incidental findings) and no need to additional work-up (non-significant incidental findings). A chi-square test was performed to compare the differences in the prevalence of significant incidental findings based on age (≤75 and&gt;75 years old).

Results:
A total of 334 incidental findings were found with 8.1% (n = 27) as significant incidental findings. Significant incidental findings were more frequent in patients over 75 years old than those of 75 years old or younger (28.6% vs  11.1%, p = 0.018).

Conclusion:
Clinically significant incidental findings, which required imaging follow-up or additional examinations, were commonly observed in prostate cancer patients on WB-MRI/DWIBS.

Advances in knowledge:
Some incidental findings were clinically significant that may lead to changes in treatment strategy. Checking the entire organ carefully for abnormalities and reporting any incidental findings detected are important.
Probing the peripheral immune response in mouse models of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy highlights their limited translatability
Authors: Hore Zoe Lee , Villa-Hernandez Sara , Denk Franziska 
Published: June 2021

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a disabling side effect of various chemotherapeutic agents, including oxaliplatin. It is highly prevalent amongst cancer patients, causing sensory abnormalities and pain. Unfortunately, as the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, effective therapeutics are lacking. Neuro-immune interactions have been highlighted as potential contributors to the development and maintenance of CIPN, however, whether this is the case in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is yet to be fully established. Methods: In this study we used flow cytometry to examine the peripheral immune response of male C57BL/6 mice following both single and repeated oxaliplatin administration. In animals exposed to repeated dosing, we also undertook mechanical and thermal behavioural assays to investigate how oxaliplatin alters phenotype, and conducted RT-qPCR experiments on bone marrow derived macrophages in order to further inspect the effects of oxaliplatin on immune cells. Results: In contrast to other reports, we failed to observe substantial changes in overall leukocyte, lymphocyte or myeloid cell numbers in dorsal root ganglia, sciatic nerves or inguinal lymph nodes. We did however note subtle, tissue-dependant alterations in several myeloid subpopulations following repeated dosing. These included a significant reduction in MHCII antigen presenting cells in the sciatic nerve and an increase in infiltrating cell types into the inguinal lymph nodes. Though repeated oxaliplatin administration had a systemic effect, we were unable to detect a pain-like behavioural phenotype in response to either cold or mechanical stimuli. Consequently, we cannot comment on whether the observed myeloid changes are associated with OIPN. Conclusions: Our discussion puts these results into the wider context of the field, advocating for greater transparency in reporting, alignment in experimental design and the introduction of more clinically relevant models. Only through joint concerted effort can we hope to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of CIPN, including any immune contributions.
Stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering study in a two-photon absorbing liquid and a solid
Authors: He Guang S. , Kannan Ramamurthi , Yu Zhenning , Tan Loon-Seng , Prasad Paras N. 
Published: June 2021

Stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering (SRBS) in highly two-photon active
chromophores’ solutions and in a doped polymer rod has been
investigated. Under optimized experimental conditions, the energy
conversion efficiency from the input 816-nm and

∼

10

-

n
s

pump pulses to the backward SRBS
pulses was up to

η
=
58
%

in the solution of AF450 chromophore
in methyl methacrylate (MMA) liquid of 0.001 M concentration, while
for the AF450 doped poly(methyl methacrylate) rod of the same
concentration the measured value was only

η
=
0.16
%

. Considering that the two-photon
absorption properties of the chromophore molecules are basically the
same in both cases, the above-mentioned results strongly suggested
that the formation of the induced Bragg grating in a solution is
mainly due to spatial redistribution of the dopant molecules driven by
two-photon resonance enhanced gradient force. In contrast, the same
dopant molecules are “frozen” in a solid matrix which prohibits the
spatial redistribution of these molecules from forming an effective
Bragg grating. Based on the high efficiency of backward SRBS
generation as well as the coexisting two-photon absorption, the
intense input laser beam will undergo a much stronger nonlinear
attenuation. For the tested AF450/MMA solution sample of 0.004 M
concentration, when the input laser pulse energy changed from 0.06 mJ
to 3.7 mJ, the measured nonlinear transmissivity decreased from 0.82
to 0.11, showing a superior nonlinear attenuation performance with
regard to the input pump laser beam.
Mass spectrometry and machine learning for the accurate diagnosis of benzylpenicillin and multidrug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis
Authors: Esener Necati , Maciel-Guerra Alexandre , Giebel Katharina , Lea Daniel , Green Martin J. , Bradley Andrew J. , Dottorini Tania 
Published: June 2021

Staphylococcus aureusis a serious human and animal pathogen threat exhibiting extraordinary capacity for acquiring new antibiotic resistance traits in the pathogen population worldwide.The development of fast, affordable and effective diagnostic solutions capable of discriminating between antibiotic-resistant and susceptibleS.aureusstrains would be of huge benefit for effective disease detection and treatment. Here we develop a diagnostics solution that uses Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and machine learning, to identify signature profiles of antibiotic resistance to either multidrug or benzylpenicillin inS.aureusisolates. Using ten different supervised learning techniques, we have analysed a set of 82S.aureusisolates collected from 67 cows diagnosed with bovine mastitis across 24 farms. For the multidrug phenotyping analysis, LDA, linear SVM, RBF SVM, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, MLP neural network and QDA had Cohen’s kappa values over 85.00%. For the benzylpenicillin phenotyping analysis, RBF SVM, MLP neural network, naïve Bayes, logistic regression, linear SVM, QDA, LDA, and random forests had Cohen’s kappa values over 85.00%. For the benzylpenicillin the diagnostic systems achieved up to (mean result ± standard deviation over 30 runs on the test set): accuracy = 97.54% ± 1.91%, sensitivity = 99.93% ± 0.25%, specificity = 95.04% ± 3.83%, and Cohen’s kappa = 95.04% ± 3.83%. Moreover, the diagnostic platform complemented by a protein-protein network and 3D structural protein information framework allowed the identification of five molecular determinants underlying the susceptible and resistant profiles. Four proteins were able to classify multidrug-resistant and susceptible strains with 96.81% ± 0.43% accuracy. Five proteins, including the previous four, were able to classify benzylpenicillin resistant and susceptible strains with 97.54% ± 1.91% accuracy. Our approach may open up new avenues for the development of a fast, affordable and effective day-to-day diagnostic solution, which would offer new opportunities for targeting resistant bacteria.