bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Licenciatura em Computação no Brasil: histórica e contexto atual
Authors: Linhares Ana Cristina Oliveira , Santos Kátia Silva 
Published: March 2021

As transformações sociais nos obriga a (re)pensar a educação, a ressignificar as práticas pedagógicas criando situações de aprendizagens condizentes com as necessidades do mundo atual. A educação, hoje, vem cada vez mais utilizando artifícios tecnológicos como meio para aprimorar o processo de ensino aprendizagem, e para acompanhar tal feito, as escolas necessitam de aparato não só material como humano. O professor nesse contexto é convocado a mudar suas práticas, a aderir a uma era que exige competências voltadas para uso das tecnologias digitais. Assim, a educação Brasileira por meio de Políticas públicas, trava uma luta de décadas para informatizar as escolas e por consequência, inserir profissional licenciado em Computação no contexto educacional. Pois, o ensino da computação e da informática sido atribuída a este profissional. A Licenciatura em Computação objetiva formar cidadãos para o exercício tanto em corporações nas áreas voltadas para a computação quanto a prática pedagógica em ambientes educacionais. Neste sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo remontar a trajetória de implementação dos Cursos de Licenciatura em Computação, no Brasil. A abordagem proposta foi qualitativa, por meio de uma pesquisa histórica. Inicia-se o texto inferindo sobre a notoriedade e importância destes cursos para o nosso tempo; segundo sobre a necessidade da formação deste futuro docente ser aprimorada na prática por meio de implementações de metodologias inovadoras, vinculadas tais como a prática de resolver problemas no cotidiano das escolas; e terceiro a necessidade de ampliação do campo de emprego para estes docentes no contexto das Redes de ensino.
Des méthodes pour évaluer l’état de conservation des habitats humides sur l’ensemble du territoire métropolitain
Authors: MISTARZ Margaux 
Published: March 2021

Un des objectifs de la directive Habitats-Faune-Flore est le maintien, ou la restauration, dans un état de conservation (EC) favorable des habitats et des espèces d’intérêt communautaire (HIC) listés dans ses annexes. Afin de répondre à cet objectif, le ministère en charge de l’Écologie a confié au Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle la mise en place de méthodes d’évaluation de l’EC des HIC à l’échelle des sites Natura 2000. Ces méthodes doivent être simples, reproductibles et standardisées sur l’ensemble du territoire métropolitain. Les travaux sont engagés depuis 2008 et ont vu paraître plusieurs guides méthodologiques traitant des habitats forestiers, dunaires, agropastoraux, marins et lagunaires. Pour les habitats humides, un premier travail a porté sur les eaux courantes en 2013. Se sont succédés depuis plusieurs travaux, notamment sur les eaux dormantes, les habitats tourbeux ou encore les landes humides atlantiques. Cet article vise à présenter le principe méthodologique de l’évaluation de l’EC à l’échelle des sites, ainsi que le processus d’élaboration des grilles d’évaluation. Il vise également à faire le bilan de l’ensemble des méthodes disponibles à ce jour pour évaluer l’EC des HIC humides. À l’heure actuelle, 98 % des HIC humides recensés sur le territoire métropolitain sont couverts par une méthode d’évaluation ou ont fait l’objet d’une première approche méthodologique.
Marx et la critique de la technique : réflexions à partir des Grundrisse et du Capital
Authors: Ouellet Maxime 
Published: March 2021

Cet article consiste en une réflexion sur la nature de la technique dans les écrits de Marx. Dans un premier temps, la manière dont Marx aborde la question de la technique à partir de son ontologie de l’autoproduction de l’être générique sera présentée. Par la suite, la critique marxienne du machinisme sera analysée à l’aune de son ontologie de l’autoproduction. L’analyse du machinisme proposée par Marx dans le chapitre XIII du Capital permettra de faire un retour critique sur le désormais célèbre passage des Grundrisse communément désigné en tant que « Fragment sur les machines », et qui est mobilisé par de nombreux théoriciens contemporains du post-capitalisme tels que les cognitivistes ou les accélérationnistes. Contre leur vision productiviste, il s’agira de proposer une lecture qui permettrait de dépasser les apories auxquelles mènent les analyses unilatérales du développement technologique sous le capitalisme, que celles-ci soient progressistes ou romantiques.
L’éternelle saison des amours : la soumission virtuelle de la pratique sociale au capital
Authors: Duhaime Éric N. 
Published: March 2021

Cet article vise à problématiser les enjeux qui se rattachent au rôle de plus en plus central que jouent la science et la technologie dans l’économie. Développant notre réflexion à partir de l’oeuvre de Marx, nous cherchons d’abord à rendre compte des concepts de soumission formelle et de soumission réelle qu’il développa à son époque. En tenant compte du passage du capitalisme industriel au capitalisme avancé, nous proposons ensuite le concept de soumission virtuelle de la pratique sociale au capital afin de problématiser les enjeux liés à une nouvelle stratégie monopolistique qui fut mise en place par de grandes corporations au milieu du XXe siècle et qui conjugue la R-D et le marketing, c’est-à-dire la production et la commercialisation d’inventions brevetées. Il en résulte alors un contrôle sur la détermination des objets d’usage futurs qui viendront prendre place dans nos sociétés, lequel renvoie précisément au concept de soumission virtuelle de la pratique sociale au capital.
Recombinant Protein rP21 from Trypanosoma cruzi has Effect on Inflammation, Angiogenesis and Fibrogenesis in Skin Wound Model C57BL/6 Mouse
Authors: Barbosa Jeranice Silva , Moura Francyelle Borges Rosa de , Ferreira Bruno Antonio , Martins Flávia Alves , Muniz Elusca Helena , Gomide José Augusto Leoncio , Silva Cláudio Vieira da , Ribeiro Daniele Lisboa , Araújo Fernanda de Assis , Tomiosso Tatiana Carla 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Recombinant proteins rP2 has demonstrated biological activity in inflammation by acting on the recruitment of leukocytes and by inducing phagocytosis, also modulating the processes of angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in different experimental models. In this study we evaluated the effects of the recombinant protein rP21 from Trypanosama cruzi in cutaneous wounds.
Study Design: The wounds were induced on the back of mice and treated with rP21 at 1 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL concentration, for 3 and 7 days.
Study Location and Duration: Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Animal Breeding Network and Rodents of the Federal University of Uberlândia, between February 2015 and February 2016.
Methodology: The contraction time of wound, inflammatory cell activities (neutrophils and macrophages), angiogenesis and local collagen density were evaluated.
Sample: Wound induction was performed on 64 male BALB / c mice approximately 9 weeks old.
Results: Wounds treated with rP21 showed less closure time, in addition to exhibiting greater neutrophil activity in the initial phasis, which was reduced simultaneously with the increased macrophage activity. The rP21 also performed pro-angiogenic and pro-fibrogenic activity in this study model.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate for the first time the biological potential of rP21 in accelerating skin tissue repair.
Foreign Direct Investment and the Effect on a Developing Economy
Authors: Ozuzu Sydney , Isukul Araniyar 
Published: March 2021

This study examined the effect of foreign direct investment on a developing economy. The study employed multiple regression models to estimate the relationship that exists between sectorial inflow of foreign direct investment and Nigeria economic growth. Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Co-integration test, normalized co-integrating equations, parsimonious vector error correction model and pair-wise causality tests were used to conduct the investigations and analysis. The findings of the result reveal that foreign direct investment in the agricultural sector have positive but no significant effect, foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector have positive and significant effect, foreign direct investment in the mining and querying sector have negative but no significant effect, foreign direct investment in the transport and communication sector have positive and significant effect while foreign direct investment in the oil and gas sector have positive and significant effect on Nigeria real gross domestic products. The study concludes that the oil and gas sector have the greatest impact on Nigeria economic growth followed by manufacturing, agricultural, transport and communication sectors while mining and quarrying reduces gross domestic product. Nigerian policy makers should design sectoral policy reforms with the intention of creating an enabling business environment, improve infrastructure, address issues of insecurity in the north and south that hinder foreign direct investment in mining and quarrying sectors. Furthermore, there is the need to strengthen policy cohesion with regards to foreign direct investments to ensure that mining and quarrying sectors perform as well as the oil and gas sector.
Urinary Tract Infection in Omani Children: Etiology and Antimicrobial Resistance. A Comparison between First Episode and Recurrent Infection
Authors: El-Naggari Mohamed , Al-Mulaabed Sharef , Rabah Fatma , Idrees Ahmed B. , Muharrmi Zakaria Al , Nour Ibtisam El 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The aims of this study were identification of the causative organisms, uropathogens’ resistance, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria in primary and recurrent urinary tract infection.
Study Design: A retrospective study included Omani children, less than 14 years, with any documented urinary tract infection.
Place and Duration of Study: Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between September 2008 and August 2012.
Methodology: Comparison was made between both groups using Chi-squared (χ2) test as appropriate.
Results: The first group included 175 children with first attack of urinary tract infection. Escherichia coli was the leading pathogen (69%), Klebsiella pneumonia (17%; P<0.001), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria (3%). 230 isolated uropathogens from 74 patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. The most common isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli 187 (81.3%; P<0.001), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 12 (5.1%), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria (7%; P=0.042). Overall resistance to parenteral antibiotics was less evident than oral antibiotics, with least resistance to Meropenem and Imipenem (1% each). Higher resistance was found in recurrent urinary tract infection to Augmentin, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime. Oral Nitrofurantoin showed least resistance in first and recurrent urinary tract infection, but increased in non- Escherichia coli uropathogens.
Conclusion: Escherichia coli and ESBL were more common in recurrent urinary tract infection, while Klebsiella pneumonia were found more in first urinary tract infection. Meropenem, Imipenem, Amikacin, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam can be used cautiously and selectively, while Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone cannot be used in both groups. Our report shows high resistance rates to Ampicillin, Cefuroxime, and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate. First-generation cephalosporin is not recommended for use as empiric therapy. We recommend the use of Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin as empiric treatment in both groups, with close monitoring of clinical response. Indeed, a larger scale multicenter national and regional studies are recommended in Oman and gulf region.
Pharmacy and Medicine Students' Self-assessment of Their Knowledge about Rare Diseases
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrawili Abdulrahman S. , Alkhawaja Faisal Z. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge of pharmacy and medicine students about rare diseases.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional study that was conducted in January 2021. The study included a questionnaire that was adapted from a previous study. The questionnaire was translated to Arabic and after validation it was converted to online form to be filled by the students.
Results: Most of the students were pharmacy students (60.78%) and the majority of them were females (72.55%). Only 11.76% of the students reported that their knowledge is very good about rare diseases. About 52.94% of them said that they are prepared for caring for patients with rare diseases. The majority of the students agreed that they need to broad their knowledge about rare diseases (97.06%). More than half of the students said that they get knowledge about rare disease from internet (51.96%) and scientific literature and research (48.04%).
Conclusion: The present study showed poor knowledge of pharmacy and medicine students about rare diseases. There is an urgent need to raise the awareness of medical students on rare diseases and educate them about these diseases by adding a course on rare diseases in their medical curricula.
Evaluation of the Phytochemical Constituents of Extracts of Kigelia africana Fruit and Sorghum bicolor, Stalk in Lagos Nigeria
Authors: Obianagha Nkem F. , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Chukwuani Ufuoma , Ogundahunsi Omobolanle Abioye , Ogbonnia Steve O. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Haji Hassan Thabit , Said Othman Hakum 
Published: March 2021

The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients or nutraceuticals with numerous secondary metabolites continues to expand rapidly across the world, with many people now resorting to these products to treat various health challenges in different national healthcare settings. Therefore, the study is aimed at evaluating the phytochemical composition in the fruit extract of Kigelia africana and Sorghum bicolor stalks bought from the Mushin market in Lagos, Nigeria to ascertain its numerous pharmacological activities and identify the various chemical compounds responsible for these activities. Ethanol extracts of identified fresh fruits of K. africana and S. bicolor stalks (L) were prepared for phytochemical screening using established methods for Alkaloids, Tannins, Phenols, Flavonoids, and Terpenoids testing as well as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis (GC-MS) for the analysis of the extracts. The chemical constituents present in both extracts were tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins as well as alkaloids found only in K. africana. Also, the chromatogram of K. africana revealed the presence of forty-four (44) phytochemical constituents. At the same time, that of S. bicolor were twenty-nine (29) phytochemical constituents that could contribute to the medicinal quality of the plant with 9, 12-Octadeadienoic acid (Z, Z), and 13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z) found as the major compounds respectively. The K africana and S. bicolor African indigenous plants in Lagos, Nigeria, possess different phytocomponents of scientific importance, biological action, and potential medicinal properties. There is a need for more standardization and purification of this herbal formulation for the treatment of diseases.
An Ion‐Pairing Approach to Stereoselective Metal‐Free Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Yang Xuejin , Gitter Sean R. , Roessler Allison G. , Zimmerman Paul M. , Boydston Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStereochemistry can have a profound impact on polymer and materials properties. Unfortunately, straightforward methods for realizing high levels of stereocontrolled polymerizations are often challenging to achieve. In a departure from traditional metal‐mediated ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), we discovered a remarkably simple method for controlling alkene stereochemistry in photoredox mediated metal‐free ROMP. Ion‐pairing, initiator sterics, and solvation effects each had profound impact on the stereochemistry of polynorbornene (PNB). Simple modifications to the reaction conditions produced PNB with trans alkene content of 25 to >98 %. High cis content was obtained from relatively larger counterions, toluene as solvent, low temperatures (−78 °C), and initiators with low Charton values. Conversely, smaller counterions, dichloromethane as solvent, and enol ethers with higher Charton values enabled production of PNB with high trans content. Data from a combined experimental and computational investigation are consistent with the stereocontrolling step of the radical cationic mechanism proceeding under thermodynamic control.
A Colorimetric Method for Quantifying Cis and Trans Alkenes Using an Indicator Displacement Assay
Authors: Valenzuela Stephanie A. , Crory Hannah S. N. , Yao Chao‐Yi , Howard James R. , Saucedo Gabriel , de Silva A. Prasanna , Anslyn Eric V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA colorimetric indicator displacement assay (IDA) amenable to high‐throughput experimentation was developed to determine the percentage of cis and trans alkenes. Using 96‐well plates two steps are performed: a reaction plate for dihydroxylation of the alkenes followed by an IDA screening plate consisting of an indicator and a boronic acid. The dihydroxylation generates either erythro or threo vicinal diols from cis or trans alkenes, depending upon their syn‐ or anti‐addition mechanisms. Threo diols preferentially associate with the boronic acid due to the creation of more stable boronate esters, thus displacing the indicator to a greater extent. The generality of the protocol was demonstrated using seven sets of cis and trans alkenes. Blind mixtures of cis and trans alkenes were made, resulting in an average error of ±2 % in the percentage of cis or trans alkenes, and implementing E2 and Wittig reactions gave errors of ±3 %. Furthermore, we developed variants of the IDA for which the color may be tuned to optimize the response for the human eye.
Chemical Imaging of Hierarchical Porosity Formation within a Zeolite Crystal Visualized by Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering and In‐Situ Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Filez Matthias , Vesely Martin , Garcia‐Torregrosa Ivan , Gambino Marianna , Attila Özgün , Meirer Florian , Katrukha Eugene A. , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Garrevoet Jan , Kapitein Lukas C. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroducing hierarchical porosity to zeolites is vital for providing molecular access to microporous domains. Yet, the dynamics of meso‐ and macropore formation has remained elusive and pore space ill‐characterized by a lack of (in situ) microscopic tools sensitive to nanoporosity. Here, we probe hierarchical porosity formation within a zeolite ZSM‐5 crystal in real‐time by in situ fluorescence microscopy during desilication. In addition, we introduce small‐angle X‐ray scattering microscopy as novel characterization tool to map intracrystal meso‐ and macropore properties. It is shown that hierarchical porosity formation initiates at the crystal surface and propagates to the crystal core via a pore front with decreasing rate. Also, hierarchical porosity only establishes in specific (segments of) subunits which constitute ZSM‐5. Such space‐dependent meso‐ and macroporosity implies local discrepancies in diffusion, performance and deactivation behaviors even within a zeolite crystal.
Sequence‐Selective Protection of Peptides from Proteolysis
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Chen Kaiqian , Zhao Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProteolysis of proteins and peptides is involved in the infection of cells by enveloped viruses and also in the invasion and spread of cancer cells. Shutting down broad‐specificity proteases, however, is problematic because normal functions by these proteases will be affected. Herein, nanoparticle receptors were prepared from molecular imprinting for complex biological peptides. Their strong and selective binding enabled them to protect their targeted sequences from proteolysis in aqueous solution at stoichiometric amounts. Generality of the method was demonstrated by the protection of hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptides from different proteases, selective protection of a segment of a long peptide, and selective protection of a targeted peptide in a mixture. Most interestingly, two receptors targeting different parts of a long peptide could work in cooperation to protect the overall sequence, highlighting the versatility of the method.
Reversed Active Sites Boost the Intrinsic Activity of Graphene‐like Cobalt Selenide for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Shen Shijie , Lin Zhiping , Song Kai , Wang Zongpeng , Huang Liangai , Yan Linghui , Meng Fanqi , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Zhong Wenwu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptimizing the hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH) of active sites is essential to improve the overpotential of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We doped graphene‐like Co0.85Se with sulfur and found that the active sites are reversed (from cationic Co sites to anionic S sites), which contributed to an enhancement in electrocatalytic HER performance. The optimal S‐doped Co0.85Se composite has an overpotential of 108 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) and a Tafel slope of 59 mV dec−1, which exceeds other reported Co0.85Se‐based electrocatalysts. The doped S sites have much higher activity than the Co sites, with a hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH) close to zero (0.067 eV), which reduces the reaction barrier for hydrogen production. This work provides inspiration for optimizing the intrinsic HER activity of other related transition metal chalcogenides.
In‐Situ Intermolecular Interaction in Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Ultralong Life Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: He Kangqiang , Cheng Samson Ho‐Sum , Hu Jieying , Zhang Yangqian , Yang Huiwen , Liu Yingying , Liao Wenchao , Chen Dazhu , Liao Chengzhu , Cheng Xin , Lu Zhouguang , He Jun , Tang Jiaoning , Li Robert K. Y. , Liu Chen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid‐state lithium metal batteries built with composite polymer electrolytes using cubic garnets as active fillers are particularly attractive owing to their high energy density, easy manufacturing and inherent safety. However, the uncontrollable formation of intractable contaminant on garnet surface usually aggravates poor interfacial contact with polymer matrix and deteriorates Li+ pathways. Here we report a rational designed intermolecular interaction in composite electrolytes that utilizing contaminants as reaction initiator to generate Li+ conducting ether oligomers, which further emerge as molecular cross‐linkers between inorganic fillers and polymer matrix, creating dense and homogeneous interfacial Li+ immigration channels in the composite electrolytes. The delicate design results in a remarkable ionic conductivity of 1.43×10−3 S cm−1 and an unprecedented 1000 cycles with 90 % capacity retention at room temperature is achieved for the assembled solid‐state batteries.
Access to Functionalized Pyrenes, Peropyrenes, Terropyrenes, and Quarterropyrenes via Reductive Aromatization
Authors: Werner Simon , Vollgraff Tobias , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerein we report a versatile concept for the synthesis of fourfold functionalized, soluble pyrenes, peropyrenes, terropyrenes, and quarterropyrenes. They were obtained by a modular stepwise approach towards the rylene scaffold via Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling, oxidative cyclodehydrogenation in the presence of caesium hydroxide under air, and finally zinc‐mediated reductive silylation. The silylated reaction products were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The first example of a synthesized and crystallized quarterropyrene is presented and its oxidation reaction investigated. The functionalized ropyrenes were systematically characterized by means of UV/Vis–NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy showing a bathochromic shift of 80 nm per naphthalene unit and a nearly linear increase of the extinction coefficients. Cyclic voltammograms and DFT calculations identify them as electron‐rich dyes and show a narrowing of the electrochemically determined HOMO–LUMO gap and lower oxidation potentials for the higher homologues.