bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic modelling of historical flood event using one dimensional HEC-RAS in Kelantan basin, Malaysia
Authors: Armain M Z S , Hassan’ Z , Mohd Remy Rozainy M A Z , Kamarudzaman A N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic simulation models are critical tools for analysing the hydraulic properties of a river’s system flow. The work focuses on the simulation of a river flow in a Kelantan basin using the one-dimensional (1D) Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System (HECRAS). In the present study, cross-sections from survey data were utilised into the RAS Mapper provided in HEC-RAS 5.0 to simulate the river flow in the region. This study highlights the modelling methodology with a focus on data collection and its importance during the calibration and validation process. The model was used to discover the expected peak flood levels based on historical flood events. Simulated flows were utilised to examine the potential of the model during the model development procedure. The simulation outcomes reveal that the simulated flows are in excellent agreement during the model development as the obtained R2 value was between 0.95 to 1.0 during both model calibration and validation. This demonstrates the applicability of the HEC-RAS 1D model in simulating precise river flow, especially for flood events.
Absorption study on the effect of mixed cation on tin and germanium-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: William M A , Azhari A W , Hassan N S B N , Hasan N , Halin D S C , Thottoli A K 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe thin film industry has been introduced with an invention of lead-based perovskite solar cells which eventually has gained a huge attention throughout the years. As the concern arises, this lead-based perovskite solar cells contributed towards both the environmental and human health issues due to the high level of toxicity. This then carve the paths into the research in finding suitable alternative for lead-free perovskite where tin and germanium are proposed as possible substitute, but the long-term durability and stability of both perovskites are still a challenge to be improved and maintained. In this study, tin and germanium-based solutions are fabricated individually with mixed cations of FA-MA; FAxMA1–xSnI3and FAxMA1–xGeI3in variations (1⩽ x ⩽0). The UV-Vis spectroscopy was analyzed in 400-1100nm range to measure the light intensity absorption of full encapsulated fabricated perovskite solar cells after 30 days of exposure to surrounding conditions and recorded highest peak of absorption at the wavelength of 400 nm and 550 nm for tin based and germanium-based perovskite respectively.
Study on the effect of headspace on biohydrogen production using palm oil mill effluent (POME) via immobilized and suspended growth
Authors: Tan J B , Lutpi N A , Wong Y S , Rahmat N R , Siripatana Chairat 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The world has been using fossil fuels to generate energy for centuries and has had adverse effects on the environment; hence renewable energy needs to be discovered and developed. Biohydrogen production is renewable energy since it emits no greenhouse gases and may provide clean energy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the optimum headspace ratio and biohydrogen production for suspended and immobilized cells using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as the fermentation substrate, while its anaerobic sludge acted as the inoculum. Five different ratios were investigated, which are 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. These are equivalent to working volume (WV) of 80 mL, 70 mL, 60 mL, 50 mL, and 40 mL, respectively. The solution contained 10 % of inoculum and 90 % (v/v) of the feedstock. For immobilized cells, additional of glass beads as carrier material was added into the solution, using the ratio of 1:1 for anaerobic sludge (mL) to support carrier (g). The kinetic study was investigated using a modified Gompertz equation whereby for suspended cells, the best ratio was 0.3, with the highest biohydrogen concentration of 357.6 ppm. Meanwhile, the optimum ratio for the immobilized cell was 0.2, with the highest biohydrogen concentration of 479.3 ppm. Based on the kinetic studies, the kinetic parameters for suspended cells were: Hm = 89.8 mL, Rm = 6.8 mL/h, and λ = 0.1 hr. Meanwhile for immobilized cell, the kinetic parameters were: Hm = 73.6 mL, Rm = 6.9 mL/h and X λ 0 hr. In conclusion, selecting the suitable headspace ratio could affect the biohydrogen quality and improve the effectiveness of the production rate.
Biosorption of Copper (II) from Aqueous Solution using a Combination of Orange Peels and Tea Waste
Authors: Noordin N N , Kamarudzaman A N , Rahmat N R , Hassan Z , Abdul Wahab M , Mohd Zaini Makhtar S , Abu Seman N , Ab Jalil M F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The ability of biosorbents, which are a combination of orange peels and tea waste to treat copper (II) using the biosorption method was examined. The experiment was performed under batch biosorption studies with various operating parameters. The pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial copper (II) concentration were optimized from pH 3 - 8, 0.25 - 1.0 g, 2 - 20 minutes and 10 - 100 mg/L, respectively. The findings found that a pH of 5.5, a biosorbent dosage of 0.75 g, a contact period of 5 minutes, and an initial copper (II) concentration of 10 mg/L were shown to be the best operating parameters for copper (II) biosorption. For isotherm models, the experimental data for copper (II) biosorption was fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with R2 value of 0.7775 compared to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 value of 0.1073. The value for RL was 0.4, indicating that copper (II) biosorption using the combination of orange peels and tea waste is favourable. For kinetic models, the experimental data for copper (II) biosorption was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 value of 0.9865 compared to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with R2 value of 0.1006. In conclusion, the combination of orange peels and tea waste functions very well for biosorption of copper (II).
Exploring the Properties of Mortar Containing Incineration Fly Ash
Authors: Ibrahim N M , Abdul Malek R , Rahim N L , Abdul Rahim M , Che Amat R , Mohammed S A , Badri N A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fly Ash (FA) is one of the waste materials generated from the combustion of solid waste through incinerator and contains hazardous substances. Further treatment to the ash needs to be done to avoid further environmental destruction. As an alternative solution for this problem, FA is used as a replacement material for cement in the mortar. The main objective of this study is to explore the potential use of FA as partial replacement of cement in mortar. The percentage of FA used to replace the cement in this study is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Several important tests were conducted to identify main properties of the mortar such as compressive strength, water absorption, density and ultra-pulse velocity. Mortar containing 15% of fly ash has the highest of compression strength which is 35 MPa after 28 days. Besides, the mortar containing 5% of fly ash has the highest result of water absorption test and density test whereas mortar containing 20% of fly ash has the highest value for pulse velocity after 28 days. Thus, mortar containing fly ash has good physical and mechanical properties.
Prediction of Soil Settlement using Numerical Modelling Based on Shear Wave Velocity Measurement
Authors: Bawadi N F , Teoh K C , Mansor A F , Nujid M M , Rahim M A , Anudai@Anuar S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The method of Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) is a seismic method that consider as a non-destructive geotechnical technique to determine the soil profile based on the shear wave velocity profile by utilizing the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh wave through the soil medium. The shear wave velocity was found to be directly proportional to the strength of the soil. In this research, SASW measurement had been proposed to predict the soil settlements using numerical modelling. The frequency responses from SASW were acquired for shear wave profile analysis using WinSASW software. Thus, the borehole information which near to the conventional pile method and SASW were taken as the reference of the study. In obtaining the correlated N-value, equation that developed from previous research was used with the reference of N-SPT value. Hence, the correlated N-values were carried forward to obtaining the bearing capacity of foundation. Meanwhile, the numerical modelling has been developed in PLAXIS software in obtaining the soil settlement. The prediction of soil settlements of Site 1, Site 2 and Site 3 that calculated by conventional equation and modelled using PLAXIS were 0.003mm and 0.001mm, 0.002mm and 0.004mm, 0.003mm and 0.004m respectively. Based on the result obtained, this research has shown the potential used of shear wave velocity in the prediction of soil settlement.
Economic Analysis of Thyme (Origanum Syriacum) Production for Smallholder Farmers
Authors: Almansour Baraa Munir , Ali Ghaith Amin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants significantly contribute to affordable healthcare and livelihood security. This study aims to investigate the economic analysis of Syrian oregano (Origanum syriacum) production with total area of 1000 m2, depending on some standard economic indicators. The results showed that the annual net profit constitutes 56% of the total annual revenues. Furthermore, the net present value after six years was a positive value, and the index of profitability was 2.71, which confirms the economic viability of this project. The internal rate of return (IRR) reached 90.67%, which is a good number compared to the bank interest rate. Although this project does not occupy large areas, (a small possession 500-2000 m2is sufficient for its establishment), but it is able to achieve guaranteed profits within a short period. Therefore, Thyme cultivation should be expanded by providing small farmers the necessary technical support and drawing their attention to economic efficiency of such project.
Biological Effect of Different Concentrations of Bacillus Thurngensis Isolated From The Soils of Sawa Lake, Al Muthanna Governorate on The of Hypera postica at Different Time Periods
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Meeri Kadhim , Jasim Iktifaa Naeem , AlShammary Nidaa Saud , Alnomani Khudheyer A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study conduct in Al-Muthanna governorate to assess five concentrations of Bacillus thurngensisagonist Hyperapostica. The results showed the presence of Bacillus thurngensisin all the studied sites of Lake Sawa in Muthanna Governorate, and the rates of its presence were close to the same sites, and the rate of its presence in those sites was 35%, and its highest rate was recorded in the north and east of the lake, as it reached 40% and the lowest amounted to 30% in the two sites south and west site. The results of the study showed that five concentrations were taken from bacterial isolates of B. thuringiensisdiffered in the rates of killing larvae, pupae and adults of the insect Hyperapostica in vitro, Where the concentrate 1.7 × 103 spore/ml was characterized by a higher killing ratecompared to the four studied concentrations, the killing rates were (75.750, 71.080, 69.79, 64,361, 49.117 and 42,060)% for the first larval instar, the second larval instar, the third larval instar, the fourth larval instar, and the pupae, respectively, and the lowest killing rate recorded 6.873% at concentration 0.64 × 107after 24 hours of treatment.
Effect of Auxin Spraying and Plant Extracts on Two Cultivars of Bean (Vicia Faba L.)
Authors: Abotlasha Jaber Jassim , Issa Falah Hasan , Al-Burki Fouad Razzaq 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The field-based experiment was conducted during the 2020 – 2021 cropping season to evaluate the response of two types of bean (Vicia faba L.): Luz De Otono (C1) and Aquadulce (C2 for different spray treatments namely, control (T1), 40mg IAA.L-1 (T2) and 10gm of licorice with yeast.L-1 (T3),. The treatments were assigned to experimental plots following a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). Each treatment replicated trice time. Means were compared based on least significant differences (LSD) at 0.05 of probability. Plant height, leaves area, chlorophyll, N and K content in leaves were recorded as parameters. Results showed that the Aquadulce variety significantly increased in most studied measurements. T3 was significant and superior compare to other treatments in plant height (68.28cm), leaves the area (51.5dcm2), chlorophyll (23.98 SPAD), N(4.623%), and K(3.120%). Results also indicated that the interaction of C2T3 had a significant increase in plant height(68.95cm), leaves the area (57.0 dcm2), chlorophyll, N(4.88%), and K(2.68%).
Estimation of Population Density and Percentage of Infection with Two Species of Aphids in Wheat Fields in Muthanna Desert For The Season 2020-2021
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Meeri Kadhim , Al Hamadani Alaa Hussein , Kareem Ali Abdulhusien , Alhar Maysaa A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The field study included estimating the population density of two species of aphids belonging to Hemiptera: Aphididae, which infect the wheat crop in the Samawah desert in Muthanna Governorate and included the areas of Al-Salhoubi, Al-Sheikhiya, Al-Rehab, Al-Shawiya, Al-Radmiah and Al-Salman. The study showed the presence of two species, Rhopalosiphium padi L. and Schizaphis graminium.
The results of the field survey of the species R. padi showed that the highest infection rate and number density reached 87.53 insects/leaf during March in the Al-Rehab area and 49.88 insects/leaves during the same month in the Al-Shawiya area, respectively, while the infection rate and the number density of the same species decreased to 19.80% during January in Al-Salman and 17.75 insects/leaves during the same month in Al-Shikiya, respectively. However, S. graminium, found at the highest rate of infection at 49.33% in the Al-Salman area during March, and it decreased to 21% during January, and the highest rate of population density of the same species was 39.22 insects/leaf in Al-Shawiya during March, and the lowest rate was 8.45 insects/leaf in the Salhoubiyeh area during January.
It was noted that the highest rate of infection with R. padi during January and February reached 42 and 59.24%, respectively, in the Al-Rehab area, and the highest rate of population density was recorded during January and February in the Al-Salman area, which reached 25.37 and 39.12 insects/leaf, respectively.
Influence of Different Rates of Seaweed Extract on Chlorophyll Content, Vegetative Growth and Flowering Traits of Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii L.) Grown Under The Shade Net House Conditions
Authors: Alhasan Ali Sabah , Aldahab Emad A.M. , Al-Ameri Dalal Tareq 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out under the shade net house conditions in a private farm located in Al-Diwaniyah city, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq to investigate the influence of applying different rates of seaweed extract (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 g/L) on different plant growth parameters and flowers production of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) plant. Results showed that there were statistically differences in the levels of seaweed extract that applied as a source of organic fertilizer, and also applying seaweed fertilizer has been increased the agronomic traits and number of flowers produced per plant. It can be concluded that applying of seaweed fertilizer at 3.0 (g/L) had beneficial influenced on the growth and flowering production of gerbera plant grown under the shade net house conditions.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in Stimulating Some Active Compounds in Garlic Callus Under Salt Stress, in Vitro
Authors: Al-Taie Ali Abdulkhudhur Ghalib , Aboohanah Mansoor Abed , Issa Falah Hasan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in tissue culture laboratory, Faculty of agriculture, University of Kufa in 2020. The experiment included study the effect of two factors: First, different concentrations of Silver nanoparticles(0, 1, and 2 mg.L−1), and second factor : different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25 and 50 mmol.L−1) in Allicin, Di-allyldisulfide and Vinyldithiin content in callus garlic, In vitro. A Completely Randomized Design (C.R.D). Silver nanoparticles showed a significant increase in the active compounds. The concentration (2 mg.L−1) gave highest rate in Allicin, Di-allyldisulfide and Vinyldithiin content (261.36, 529.23 and 309.41μg.g−1 F.W.) respectively. Also, three are significant increased between concentrations of NaCl. The concentration (50 mmol.L−1) gave highest rate in Allicin, Di-allyldisulfide and Vinyldithiin content (250.17, 521.57 and 279.15μg.g−1 F.W.) respectively. While, the interaction tretment (2 mg.L−1 of Silver nanoparticles and 50 mmol.L−1 NaCl) recorded significant increase in Allicin, Di-allyldisulfide and Vinyldithiin content (316.18, 619.06 and 379.39μg.g−1 F.W) respectively.
Enhancement of Growth, Flowering and Corm Freesia Hybrida Plant via Rice Organic Residue Application and Chelated Zinc Spray
Authors: Al-Zurfi Mushtaq T. , Abbass Jamal A. , Al-Bayati Ammar S. , Alhur Ghadeer H. Abd , Hadi Haneen A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA pot trial was conducted to identify the effect of adding rice organic residues (ROR) to the potting soil and spraying chelated zinc (CZn) on the growth, flowering, and corm characteristics of theFreesia hybridaplant. An RCBD experiment was adopted with two factors and three replicates. ROR comprised three levels (0, 4, and 8%), and CZn included three concentrations (0, 20, and 40) mg.L−1. The findings revealed that applying ROR at 8% and spraying CZn at 20 mg.L−1significantly increased leaf number, shoot dry weight, total chlorophyll content in fresh leaves, and total soluble carbohydrate content in dry leaves (6.66 leaves. plant−1, 8.76 g DW, 48.79 mg.100 g−1FW, and 1.50 g DW) respectively. Also, the same treatment combination realized significant results for the number of florets per inflorescence, floret diameter, floret vase life, number of corms per plant, and corm diameter by (12.85 florets. inflorescence−1, 7.03 cm, 8 days, 3.66 corms. plant−1, and 2.33 cm) consecutively. Further, adding ROR at 8% and spraying CZn at 40 mg.L−1significantly increased the number of inflorescences (5.33 inflorescences. plant−1) and inflorescence length (39.10 cm).
The Relationship Between The PIT-1 Gene at The Rate of Daily Milk Production and Some of Its Components in Buffaloes
Authors: Zghairand Zinah Saad , Hassooni Hadi Awad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna for the period between 1/10/2020 until 30/6/2020, 60 buffaloes were used in the experiment with the aim of determining the genotypes and their distribution ratios for the PIT-1 gene. The genotypes were altered (P<0.01), which amounted to 18.52 and 81.48 respectively, and the allelic frequency was 0.10 and 0.90 for each of the two alleles A, B, respectively. Daily milk production and fat percentage were not significantly affected, milk protein percentage was significantly affected (P<0.05) in the eleventh week, reaching a maximum of 3.88±0.28 (BB), as well. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in the percentage of genetic non-fatty solids in the first week of the study, with a maximum of 23.28 (BB). BB genotype.
Effect of Partial and Total Replacement of Broken Rice Instead Wheat on Some Economic Traits of Laying Hen
Authors: Al-Husseiny Ali Hussein Ahmed , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim , Al-Kaaby Hayder Hamed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A total of 105 laying hens (ISA Brown), 60 weeks age, were used in the experiment. They were divided into five treatments with three replicates, were as the following T1: without replacement of the rice broken. T2: replaced 25% of the broken rice instead by 75% of the wheat. T3: replaced 50% of the broken rice instead by 75% of the wheat. T4: replaced 75% of the broken rice instead by 25% of the wheat. T5: replaced 100% of the broken rice instead by 0% of the wheat. The best measure of economic profit, the highest net cash income, and the shortest period of capital recovery was in T3 compare with other treatments. All replacement treatments of rice broken instead of wheat in the diet achieved the best economic profit, net cash income, and the shortest period of capital recovery compared to the control treatment.
Chemical Changes The Spent Hen Meat After A Tenderization Process Solution of Sodium Chloride
Authors: Al-Dhalimi Hussain Mohammed , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim , Al-Yaseri Ahmed Jawad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, the old chicken meat found in the market after slaughtering and cleaning was carried out by the saline application, which was as follows T: the control treatment. T2, T3 and T4 were tenerized spent hen meat with sodium chloride by 10, 20 and 30 g/L water for 12 hours respectively. Results show that the collagen was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in T2, T3, T4 compared with the control of white muscle control and the total concentration of collagen was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in saline annulus coefficients compared to control of dark muscle. The total concentration of soluble nitrogen was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in saline-induced salinity coefficients compared with white muscle control. It is also noted that the concentration of protein nitrogen in the white muscle has decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in the coefficients of the antigen compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Follicle Diameter and Culture Medium on The in Vitro Maturation of Sheep Oocytes Using Culture Media Supplemented With Different Concentrations of Sucrose in Local Sheep (Ovis Aries)
Authors: Alsaadoon Ali Abdullah , Atiyah Safaa Sabbar , Shanshoul Nawal Jumaah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The current study was conducted in the postgraduate laboratory of the college of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna/Department of Animal Production, which aimed to find out the effect of follicle diameter and the culture medium on the percentage of in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes (Ovis Aries). The experiment included in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes aspirated from large, medium and small follicles in different culture media (named A, B and C). In vitro maturation of oocytes was carried out using three culture media that differed only in the concentration of sucrose, which were 0. M, 0.25 M and 0.5 M for A, B and C culture media respectively. The results of the current study showed significant superiority (P ≤ 0.05) of culture medium C than the two media A and B in the percentages of in vitro maturation, which were to 38.0 ± 1.71 %, 27.37±1.47 % and 21.902±0.76 % for C, A and B respectively. The results also indicated significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) of follicle diameter in the percentages of in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes which were 38.0±1.71 %, 29.57±2.06 % and 18.5± 0.27 % for large, medium and small follicles respectively. It could be conclusion from the present study that the follicle diameter and culture medium had a significant effect on the percentage of in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes.