bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collecting Social Media Information in a Substance Use Intervention Trial With Adolescent Girls With Lifetime Substance Use History: Observational Study
Authors: Ramos Lili M C , Delgadillo Joseline , Vélez Sarah , Dauria Emily , Salas Jamie , Tolou-Shams Marina 
Published: September 2021

Background
Adolescents with juvenile legal system contact face numerous barriers to participation in behavioral health intervention research, including housing disruption, legal privacy concerns, and systems mistrust. Technology, such as social media, may be a novel and developmentally appropriate adolescent research study engagement and retention tool.

Objective
We examined data on social media information collected for study retention purposes from adolescents participating in a substance use intervention trial.

Methods
Data were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial determining efficacy of a group-based substance use intervention for girls and young women (12-24 years) with substance use histories referred from legal and school systems in the United States. Baseline demographic and social media information was analyzed from the subset of 114 adolescent girls (mean age 15.7 years; range 13-18 years), of whom 31.6% (36/114) were legally involved, 87.7% (100/114) belonged to minoritized racial/ethnic groups, and 32.5% (37/114) received public assistance.

Results
Most girls (74/114, 64.9%) provided at least one social media account (Instagram, 95% [70/74]; Facebook, 27% [20/74]; and Twitter, 11% [8/74]) during study enrollment. Legally involved girls were significantly less likely to provide social media information than school-referred girls (44% [16/36] versus 74% [58/78]; χ21 [N=114]=9.68, P=.002).

Conclusions
Obtaining social media information for study retention purposes from adolescent girls with lifetime substance use appears possible; however, particular subgroups (ie, legally involved girls) may be less likely to provide accounts. Factors shaping legally involved girls’ willingness to provide social media information, including mistrust and privacy concerns, and the impact of researcher’s access to social media information on study retention are critical directions for future research.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02293057; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02293057
Applications of Blockchain in the Medical Field: Narrative Review
Authors: Xie Yi , Zhang Jiayao , Wang Honglin , Liu Pengran , Liu Songxiang , Huo Tongtong , Duan Yu-Yu , Dong Zhe , Lu Lin , Ye Zhewei 
Published: September 2021

Background
As a distributed technology, blockchain has attracted increasing attention from stakeholders in the medical industry. Although previous studies have analyzed blockchain applications from the perspectives of technology, business, or patient care, few studies have focused on actual use-case scenarios of blockchain in health care. In particular, the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to some new ideas for the application of blockchain in medical practice.

Objective
This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the current and projected uses of blockchain technology in health care, as well as directions for future research. In addition to the framework structure of blockchain and application scenarios, its integration with other emerging technologies in health care is discussed.

Methods
We searched databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, IEEE, and Springer using a combination of terms related to blockchain and health care. Potentially relevant papers were then compared to determine their relevance and reviewed independently for inclusion. Through a literature review, we summarize the key medical scenarios using blockchain technology.

Results
We found a total of 1647 relevant studies, 60 of which were unique studies that were included in this review. These studies report a variety of uses for blockchain and their emphasis differs. According to the different technical characteristics and application scenarios of blockchain, we summarize some medical scenarios closely related to blockchain from the perspective of technical classification. Moreover, potential challenges are mentioned, including the confidentiality of privacy, the efficiency of the system, security issues, and regulatory policy.

Conclusions
Blockchain technology can improve health care services in a decentralized, tamper-proof, transparent, and secure manner. With the development of this technology and its integration with other emerging technologies, blockchain has the potential to offer long-term benefits. Not only can it be a mechanism to secure electronic health records, but blockchain also provides a powerful tool that can empower users to control their own health data, enabling a foolproof health data history and establishing medical responsibility.
Buccal Mucosal Grafts as a Novel Treatment for the Repair of Rectovaginal Fistulas: Protocol for an Upcoming Prospective Single-Surgeon Case Series
Authors: Cahill Caitlin , Kruger Natalia , Heine John 
Published: September 2021

Background
Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are abnormal communications between the rectum/anus and the vagina. They are most frequently formed a result of obstetric injury and have deleterious effects on patients’ quality of life. Despite several treatment modalities, RVFs remain difficult problems to manage, and many patients fail multiple attempts at surgical repair. Buccal mucosal grafts (BMGs) may be a solution to this problem. A BMG is an oral mucosal tissue harvested from the inner cheek. There are 2 case reports that describe the successful use of BMGs in the repair of RVFs.

Objective
Our objective is to validate these findings with a prospective case series while also addressing the key issues of indication, technical details, procedure safety, and short-term outcomes.

Methods
A prospective single-surgeon case series will be undertaken at a university-affiliated academic tertiary care hospital in Calgary, Alberta (Canada). The estimated recruitment is between 3 and 5 patients. Patients will undergo surgical repair of their RVFs with an autologous BMG. Data on patient characteristics, fistula characteristics, and surgical variables will be collected and analyzed prospectively. The primary outcome is fistula closure. This study has been approved by the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Calgary (REB20-1123).

Results
Two previous case reports have described the successful use of BMGs in the repair of RVFs. We have received ethics approval to attempt to validate these findings through a prospective case series.

Conclusions
RVFs cause significant patient morbidity and are difficult problems to manage. Bolstered by the successful use of BMGs in urologic surgery and the previously published case reports demonstrating success in RVFs, we believe that BMGs may be a solution to RVFs.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/31003
Understanding Women Who Try to Kill Their Abusers: Print Media Coverage of R. v. Ryan
Authors: Gerrits Bailey , Verrelli Nadia , Chambers Lori 
Published: September 2021

Background: The news coverage of domestic violence survivors who lethally defend themselves is often negative and promotes misconceptions. The trials of Nicole Doucet, who tried to hire a hitman to kill her abusive husband, provides an opportunity to assess if tone of the coverage changed over time. Analysis: News coverage of the Ryan case started neutral or favourable to Doucet and included feminist legal analysis. Interjections by Michael Ryan and the RCMP shifted the coverage to use more men’s rights arguments and negatively portray Doucet. Conclusion and implications: Canadian newspapers demonstrated, in equal measure, a better grasp of women’s defensive violence and a susceptibility to be swayed by men’s rights arguments.
Open Communication about Network Neutrality? Assessing the Internet Traffic Management Transparency of Canadian Internet Carriers
Authors: Obar Jonathan A. , Pan Jessica 
Published: September 2021

Background: Engaging users in the network neutrality debate requires that internet service providers (internet carriers) communicate information about the management of network traffic. Analysis: This pilot study of 42 carriers assesses transparency about internet traffic management practices (ITMPs), awarding up to ten stars via ten criteria. Policy materials on corporate websites suggest carriers demonstrate poor ITMP transparency, averaging 0.87/10 stars. Little information is available about approaches to network neutrality, or about traffic tiering, throttling, or blocking. Conclusions and implications: As the Canadian government prioritizes transparency in ITMP policy, results suggest carriers are non-compliant, inhibiting user engagement and oversight.
The supply of cellular energy by changing in diet and life-style a possible treatment for uterine myoma and cyst: A case report
Authors: Akbari Hassan , Heydarolad Khadije 
Published: September 2021

Uterine myoma and cervical cyst are common benign tumors. If the size is too large or the symptoms are severe or get worse, the patient will receive surgery or hormone therapy. A 68 years old woman presented to a hospital in Iran with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). After performing sonography and suitable imaging, the patient was diagnosed with cervical cyst and uterine myoma. The patient was a candidate for a hysterectomy. The patient was not willing to do surgery. We tried a traditional medicine approach for this case. We recommended the lifestyle change by following the health triangle instruction that is based on six essential principles. These principles are as following: eating and drinking according to temperament, proper sleeping and awaking, correct motion and motionless, retention and vomiting, mental disorders. She received traditional medicine treatment including dietary and lifestyle change, using vaginal honey and olive oil, Frasion sodden, Aftimoni honey vinegar, Docein, horsehair sodden and phlebotomy, wet cupping and dry cupping on specific regions. The treatment course was 4 months long. The complete cure of cervical cyst and reduction in the size of myoma and bleeding was resulted. And the patient had no problem.
The coping strategies of community pharmacists and pharmaceutical services provided during COVID-19 in Malaysia
Authors: Kua Kok Pim , Lee Shaun 
Published: September 2021

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has
resulted in profound health challenges across the globe. Pharmacists’
readiness to cope with the pandemic is critical in supporting and
sustaining the healthcare workforce to meet the challenges.
Objective This study aims to examine community pharmacists’
views on their work environment, policies, and preparedness for safe
retail patronage to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 and assess the
variables influencing coping strategies during the pandemic.
Setting An online survey of pharmacists practicing in community
pharmacy setting in Malaysia.
Method A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was
conducted in Malaysia to evaluate coping strategies of community
pharmacists and pharmaceutical services provided during COVID-19
pandemic. Between May 1 and July 31, 2020, the questionnaire was
distributed to pharmacists working in community setting nationwide
utilizing a snowball sampling method.
Main outcome measure Community pharmacists’ perceptions on
safety, resilience, organizational support, and pharmaceutical services
offered during COVID-19 pandemic.
Results A total of 217 pharmacists participated in the study.
The vast majority of community pharmacists reported a positive outlook
and were able to balance working with self-care during this period. Most
reported to have access to personal protective equipment such as gloves
and hand sanitizers. A large proportion of community pharmacies also
installed physical barriers in doorways or in front of the counter, put
markings on the ground to section areas to ensure physical distancing,
and controlled the number of customers who could access the pharmacy
during this period. Innovations reported to be implemented included
teleconsultations and providing curb-side or drive-through delivery and
pickup services.
Conclusion The findings suggest the frontline and essential
roles of community pharmacists in delivering pandemic responses,
creating the opportunity to determine areas where community pharmacy
services can be incorporated to strengthen the public health system and
improve patient health outcomes.
Towards the autopoiesis of imagination
Authors: Bäcker Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Already in the romantic it has been assumed, that there is an existential interrelation between nature, human being and mind. According to this idea, there is a narrow interrelation of creation between literature, science, dream and reality, which should be expressed in a progressive universal poetry. Gestalt theory and the concept of autopoiesis, developed by Maturana and Varela, could be regarded as a scientific enhancement of this approach and are united in that sense. By analyses of dreams, it becomes evident, that neurobiological and mental processes are determined by the same principles of self-constitution and gestalt production. They are attending in equal measures to homeostatic conditions. The interaction of living systems with their environment as well as their evolution base on recursive reorganisation. Following this principle, imagination, speech and self-reflection are developed. The observer comes to existence by his own distinctions. Phenomenal appearance and real existence, poetry and scientific findings are results of the autopoietic organisation of living, of which we form a part.
Genetic predictors of destructive and constructive types of digital behavior among young people
Authors: Abakumova I. V. , Ermakov P. N. , Denisova E. G. , Kupriyanov I. V. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. In the context of globalization, manifestations of extremism, negativism, aggression, asocial and dissocial behavior on the Internet tend to increase. However, biological determinants of destructive and constructive forms and transformations of users’ behavior are under debate.Intention – To study genetic predictors of digital behavior among young adults.Methodology. The study involved 115 people (51 males, 64 females) aged 18 to 22 years. In order to study the digital behavior, we used the author’s questionnaire “Strategies of digital behavior”. Molecular genetic analysis was performed through the DNA isolation from buccal epithelial cells. Statistical methods included comparative analysis, very simple structure method (VSS), principal component analysis, and ANOVA.Results and Discussion. It is shown that in most respondents active conditionally “constructive” digital behaviors prevail (45 %), active “destructive” and passive conditionally “constructive” digital behaviors are expressed almost equally (27 and 28 %, respectively). The active-destructive digital behavior is significantly more often observed in carriers of the combination of BDNF G/G, COMT G/A, and DRD2 T/T polymorphisms. For the constructive digital behaviors, neither biological determinants nor associations with the studied genes were observed.Conclusion. The above associations of COMT, BDNF, and DRD2 genes with the behavioral strategies of Internet users expand the existing knowledge about biological determinants of digital behavior.
Experience of using vacuum therapy in the burn department
Authors: Vagner D. O. , Zinoviev E. V. , Soloshenko V. V. , Shapovalov S. G. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Indications, application techniques and contraindications for the use of vacuum therapy in surgery and orthopedics are formulated in clinical guidelines and are generally available. Indications for the use of a vacuum in patients with severe burns are scattered and depend on personal experience and preferences of the medical staff, and not on objective reasons.Intention. To analyze the results of using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in patients of burn departments.Methodology. The study included 56 patients treated with local negative pressure in the Department of thermal injuries of the Saint-Petersburg institute of emergency care named after I.I. Dzhanelidze in 2017–2020. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS 20.0 using descriptive and non-parametric statistics.Results and their Discussion. The frequency of using VAC-therapy in patients with burn injuries was 0.8 % (56 of 6764). The most common reasons for hospitalization of patients were contact injuries – 20 (36 %) and flame burns – 18 (32 %). The main indications for NPWT were stimulation of granulation formation – 21 (38 %), control of wound infection – 20 (36 %), and temporary wound closure after early excisions or atypical amputations – 11 (20 %). The main contraindications to the use of the method were cognitive disorders or impaired consciousness. The primary complication was the depressurization of the dressings, which we encountered in 9 cases (16 %). The expected results of vacuum therapy were achieved in 49 patients (88 %).Conclusion. Local negative pressure is relatively rarely used in burn treatment. A positive effect from the use of NPWT can be expected in the control of wound infections and in the preparation of wounds for skin grafting. The prospects for the introduction of the method can be considered its application in the treatment of partial-thickness burns and additional fixation of skin grafts. To objectify the choice of modes and duration of vacuum therapy in burned patients, it is necessary to conduct further multicenter studies with the preparation of clinical guidelines.
Influence of personal and social characteristics on the formation of mental trauma in police officers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhernov S. V. , Ichitovkina E. G. , Soloviev A. G. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Due to the peculiarities of professional activity, the COVID-19 pandemic for police officers was associated not only with a high risk of infection, but also pronounced mental stress and emotional destabilization, with higher risk of developing severe psychological consequences. In police officers, incidence of a new coronavirus infection, according to departmental statistics, was 6.6 times higher than in general population and close to that of healthcare workers of the Ministry of Health of Russia. High risk of COVID-19 infection in police officers during performance of their duties contributes to the symptoms of psychoemotional maladjustment and a constant state of chronic tension and emotional stress. Identification of the causes of professional maladjustment is important for justification of preventive measures and search for markers of professional success in employees of internal affairs bodies.Intention. To identify the influence of personal and social characteristics on the formation of mental trauma in police officers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methodology. A complete empirical study of 371 male employees of the divisions of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Moscow was conducted. Three groups were identified: 1st – 127 police officers with positive test results and clinical manifestations of COVID-19; 2nd – 118 persons released from duty and quarantined due to their contacts with COVID-19 patients; 3rd – 126 police officers who were on duty to protect public order in crowded places during the COVID-19 pandemic. An experimental psychological survey of the police officers was conducted using electronic digital resources to comply with anti-epidemic measures.Results and Discussion. Symptoms of emotional burnout against the background of stressful service were shown to contribute to the formation of mental trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic in all surveyed police officers. Specifically, Group 1 typically demonstrates anxiety-phobic reactions; Group 2 – dysthymic-pessimistic outlook; and Group 3 – decreased neuropsychiatric stability, pronounced exhaustion and fatigue associated with official duties.Conclusion. The obtained data should be taken into account when conducting psychocorrection and medical and psychological rehabilitation of police officers in emergency situations associated with the long-term psychosocial and occupational stress.
Atopic Dermatitis: Preventing and Managing the Itch That Rashes, and a Case for the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) for Health Behavior Change for Educational Interventions
Authors: Penny Kayla , Sharma Manoj , E. Flischel Amy , T. Brodell Robert , Nahar Vinayak K. 
Published: September 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial disease affected by a host of genetic, environmental, socioeconomic and demographic influences, that induce the atopic immune response in predisposed individuals. Despite treatment with topical corticosteroids to reduce skin inflammation, emollients to improve the skin barrier, and avoidance of inflammatory triggers, many patients report progressive symptoms. Management strategies are developed as modifiable environmental influences are identified. Managing atopic dermatitis requires adaptive changes in health behavior involving the patient and often the caregiver. Multi-theory models (MTM) have not yet been used in AD interventions but may prove beneficial as they use behavior concepts to predict both initiation and sustenance in education health interventions. A comprehensive approach fosters such changes by using psychological and educational strategies as adjuncts to conventional therapy. This article reviews the challenges in managing AD and the potential impact of behavioral theories. This is designed to strengthen the argument for using an MTM model in future studies of AD.
MRI evaluation of predisposing factors in patellar instability
Authors: Arora Vijinder , Kakkar Abhiraj 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
In this study, we have attempted to evaluate the predisposing factors of patellar instability on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare the significance of measurement at the level of trochlear bone versus cartilage for trochlear dysplasia.

Material and Methods:
Thirty patients of patellar instability were assessed on MRI for risk factors of patellar instability including trochlear dysplasia, tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, and patellar height ratio.

Results:
Twenty-one (70%) and 27 (90%) cases were positive for decreased trochlear depth when measured at the level of trochlear bone and cartilage, respectively. Eighteen (60%) and 25 (83.33%) cases were positive for trochlear facet asymmetry when measured at trochlear bone and cartilage, respectively. Twelve cases (40 %) were positive for patella alta. Ten cases (33.33%) were positive for decreased lateral trochlear inclination. Seven cases (23.3%) had increased TT to TG distance. Twenty-four cases (80%) were of age equal to or <25 years.

Conclusion:
According to our study, trochlear dysplasia is the most common predisposing factor of patellar instability (100%) followed by patella alta (40%) and TT-TG distance (23.3%). Trochlear depth and facet asymmetry produce better results as a predisposing factor for instability of patella when measured at the level of trochlear cartilage as compared to trochlear bone with P = 0.001.