bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional trait complementarity and dominance both determine benthic secondary production in temperate seagrass beds
Authors: Wong Melisa C. , Dowd Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDefining relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is key to understanding the consequences of biodiversity loss. Although species functional traits are strongly linked to ecosystem processes, their integration into BEF models has been focused mainly on terrestrial ecosystems. Application is limited because functional trait‐based BEF models typically have small‐sample sizes and highly correlated predictors, making it difficult for model selection and identifying underlying drivers. We examine the BEF relationship between secondary production and benthic invertebrate taxonomic and functional diversity for seagrass beds located across a range of environmental conditions. Specifically, we evaluate the role of complementarity (i.e., dissimilarity in species or traits) and dominance (disproportional importance of traits) in determining secondary production at 20 sites using 34 metrics of taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits. Here, diversity metrics represent complementarity and functional traits represent dominance. We used elastic‐net regression and commonality analysis to evaluate the BEF model, because its properties (i.e., few observations and many potential, and highly correlated, predictors) precluded more standard approaches and it is well suited to this situation. Functional richness and five functional traits (crawling, surface deposit feeding [SurDF], location on sediment surface, lifespan 1–3 yr, and semi‐continuous breeding) were identified as important determinants of secondary production, explaining 74% of the variance. SurDF was the most important predictor that acted in isolation to influence secondary production, while all other predictors acted together. All six selected variables in three different combinations explained 68% of the total variance in the BEF model. These results indicate that both dominance and complementarity mechanisms were important for the BEF relationship. Our study highlights elastic‐net regression and commonality analysis as a powerful approach to model functional trait‐based BEF relationships. We further show that inclusion of the functional landscape into BEF models is highly valuable, allowing the implications of species loss for ecosystem functioning to be mechanistically understood.
Electrochemical studies of galactose oxidase
Authors: Figueiredo Carina , De Lacey Antonio L. , Pita Marcos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the most interesting redox biocatalysts is galactose oxidase, a redox enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of d‐galactose to 1,6‐d‐galactodialdose in a single copper redox site. Its relevance for the development of galactose electrochemical biosensors and its potential for biosynthetic reactions due to its affinity for other substrates have increased the research focused on this enzyme and its possibilities. In this work, we review the literature on galactose oxidase studies related to electrochemical devices, electron transfer examples, immobilization strategies, and their applications.
3D printing in biotechnology—An insight into miniaturized and microfluidic systems for applications from cell culture to bioanalytics
Authors: Heuer Christopher , Preuß John‐Alexander , Habib Taieb , Enders Anton , Bahnemann Janina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince its invention in the 1980s, 3D printing has evolved into a versatile technique for the additive manufacturing of diverse objects and tools, using various materials. The relative flexibility, straightforwardness, and ability to enable rapid prototyping are tremendous advantages offered by this technique compared to conventional methods for miniaturized and microfluidic systems fabrication (such as soft lithography). The development of 3D printers exhibiting high printer resolution has enabled the fabrication of accurate miniaturized and microfluidic systems—which have, in turn, substantially reduced both device sizes and required sample volumes. Moreover, the continuing development of translucent, heat resistant, and biocompatible materials will make 3D printing more and more useful for applications in biotechnology in the coming years. Today, a wide variety of 3D‐printed objects in biotechnology—ranging from miniaturized cultivation chambers to microfluidic lab‐on‐a‐chip devices for diagnostics—are already being deployed in labs across the world. This review explains the 3D printing technologies that are currently used to fabricate such miniaturized microfluidic devices, and also seeks to offer some insight into recent developments demonstrating the use of these tools for biotechnological applications such as cell culture, separation techniques, and biosensors.
Biological Effects of Activated Carbon on Benthic Macroinvertebrates are Determined by Particle Size and Ingestibility of Activated Carbon
Authors: Rämö Robert A. , Honkanen Johanna , Nybom Inna , Gunnarsson Jonas S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of activated carbon (AC) to the surface of contaminated sediments is a promising technology for sediment remediation in situ. Amendment with AC has proved to be effective in reducing bioavailability and sediment-to-water release of hydrophobic organic contaminants. However, AC may cause positive or negative biological responses in benthic organisms. The causes of these effects, which include changes in growth, reproduction, and mortality, are unclear but are thought to be related to the size of AC particles. The present study investigated biological response to AC ranging from ingestible powdered AC to noningestible granular AC in two benthic deposit feeders: the polychaete Marenzelleria spp. and the clam Limecola balthica (syn. Macoma balthica). In the polychaete, exposure to powdered AC (ingestible) reduced both dry weight and carbon assimilation, whereas exposure to granular AC (noningestible) increased both dry weight and carbon assimilation. Responses in the clam were similar but less pronounced, indicating that response levels are species-specific and may vary within a benthic community. In addition, worms exposed to the finest ingestible AC particles had reduced gut microvilli length and reduced gut lumen, indicating starvation. These results strongly suggest that biological responses to AC depend on particle ingestibility, whereby exposure to ingestible particles may cause starvation through reduced bioavailability of food coingested with AC or due to rejection of AC-treated sediment as a food source. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3465–3477. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Erucic acid exposure during the first year of life—Scenarios with precise food‐based dietary guidelines
Authors: Kersting Mathilde , Kalhoff Hermann , Honermeier Bernd , Sinningen Kathrin , Lücke Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for erucic acid, which is mainly found in rapeseed oil. Infants may be exposed to erucic acid from rapeseed oil indirectly through maternal consumption via breastmilk or the fat component in formula, and directly as a part of complementary feeding (CF). To check the safety of infant nutrition, scenarios for erucic acid exposure were calculated based on the daily food amounts of the German dietary guidelines. Information on erucic acid concentrations in foods was obtained from European studies for breastmilk, from EFSA samples for formula powder, and from a representative analysis of rapeseed oil samples in the German retail market. 6 scenarios were calculated for the early milk feeding phase (4 formula feeding, 2 breastfeeding) and 8 scenarios for the later CF phase (5 CF +formula feeding, 3 CF +breastfeeding). Out of the 14 scenarios, only 3 resulted in exposures that were definitively below the TDI (range 4.4.–6.0 mg/kg bodyweight; BW). Assuming either high consumption or high concentration led to high exceedances (range 7.5–26.2 mg/kg BW), especially in case of the new EU limits for formula or vegetable oils (33.6 and 43.2 mg/kg BW, respectively). In our scenarios, high erucic acid exposures occurred during a particularly sensitive developmental period. To definitively weigh the potential risks from erucic acid in infants against nutritional benefits of the dietary recommendations, reliable, timely data on erucic acid in breast milk and formula are needed, similar to those from rapeseed oil in Germany.
CHOSEN: A synthesis of hydrometeorological data from intensively monitored catchments and comparative analysis of hydrologic extremes
Authors: Zhang Liang , Moges Edom , Kirchner James W. , Coda Elizabeth , Liu Tianchi , Wymore Adam S. , Xu Zexuan , Larsen Laurel G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComparative hydrology has been hampered by limited availability of geographically extensive, intercompatible monitoring data on comprehensive water balance stores and fluxes. These limitations have, for example, restricted comprehensive assessment of multiple dimensions of wetting and drying related to climate change and hampered understanding of why widespread changes in precipitation extremes are uncorrelated with changes in streamflow extremes. Here, we address this knowledge gap and underlying data gap by developing a new data synthesis product and using that product to detect trends in the frequencies and magnitudes of a comprehensive set of hydroclimatic and hydrologic extremes. CHOSEN (Comprehensive Hydrologic Observatory Sensor Network) is a database of streamflow, soil moisture, and other hydroclimatic and hydrologic variables from 30 study areas across the United States. An accompanying data pipeline provides a reproducible, semi‐automated approach for assimilating data from multiple sources, performing quality assurance and control, gap‐filling and writing to a standard format. Based on the analysis of extreme events in the CHOSEN dataset, we detected hotspots, characterized by unusually large proportions of monitored variables exhibiting trends, in the Pacific Northwest, New England, Florida and Alaska. Extreme streamflow wetting and drying trends exhibited regional coherence. Drying trends in the Pacific Northwest and Southeast were often associated with trends in soil moisture and precipitation (Pacific Northwest) and evapotranspiration‐related variables (Southeast). In contrast, wetting trends in the upper Midwest and the Rocky Mountains showed few univariate associations with other hydroclimatic extremes, but their latitudes and elevations suggested the importance of changing snowmelt characteristics. On the whole, observed trends are incompatible with a ‘drying‐in‐dry, wetting‐in‐wet’ paradigm for climate‐induced hydrologic changes over land. Our analysis underscores the need for more extensive, longer‐term observational data for soil moisture, snow and evapotranspiration.
Vegetation structure controls on snow and soil moisture in restored ponderosa pine forests
Authors: O'Donnell Frances C. , Donager Jonathon , Sankey Temuulen , Masek Lopez Sharon , Springer Abraham E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThinning of semi‐arid forests to reduce wildfire risk is believed to improve forest health by increasing soil moisture. Increased snowpack, reduced transpiration and reduced rainfall interception are frequently cited mechanisms by which reduced canopy density may increase soil moisture. However, the relative importance of these factors has not been rigorously evaluated in field studies. We measured snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE) and the spatial and temporal variation in soil moisture at four experimental paired treatment‐control thinning sites in high elevation ponderosa pine forest northern Arizona, USA. We compared snow and soil moisture measurements with forest structure metrics derived from aerial imagery and 3‐dimensional lidar data to determine the relationship between vegetation structure, snow and soil moisture throughout the annual hydrologic cycle. Soil moisture was consistently and significantly higher in thinned forest plots, even though the treatments were performed 8–11 years before this study. However, we did not find evidence that SWE was higher in thinned forests across a range of snow conditions. Regression tree analysis of soil moisture and vegetation structure data provided some evidence that localized differences in transpiration and interception of precipitation influence the spatial pattern of soil moisture at points in the annual hydrologic cycle when the system is becoming increasingly water limited. However, vegetation structure explained a relatively low amount of the spatial variance (R2 < 0.23) in soil moisture. Continuous measurements of soil moisture in depth profiles showed stronger attenuation of soil moisture peaks in thinned sites, suggesting differences in infiltration dynamics may explain the difference in soil moisture between treatments as opposed to overlying vegetation alone. Our results show limited support for commonly cited relationships between vegetation structure, snow and soil moisture and indicate that future research is needed to understand how reduction in tree density alters soil hydraulic properties.
Call to action: Centering blackness and disrupting systemic racism in infant mental health research and academic publishing
Authors: Iruka Iheoma U. , Lewis Marva L. , Lozada Fantasy T. , Bocknek Erika L. , Brophy‐Herb Holly E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Infant Mental Health Journal is committed to ending systemic racism and promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in academic publishing. IMHJ unequivocally denounces all forms of racism and white supremacy, including systemic racism in academic publishing. We commit to investigating and working to terminate the ways in which systemic racism has become normalized in academic publishing, including examining our practices and processes at IMHJ. We invite you to join us in intentional, anti‐racist work through your scholarship.As part of this effort, IMHJ has updated the author guidelines to include new information regarding how authors can express the ways in which they are engaging with intention in diverse, anti‐racist research. These guidelines are available under the author guidelines section on the IMHJ website (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970355). As a second immediate response relative to promoting diverse, equitable, and inclusive research, IMHJ is releasing the following Call to Action, focusing on centering Blackness in infant and early childhood mental health research. This call is designed as a first step in our efforts, and IMHJ looks forward to coming initiatives aimed at disrupting systemic racism in infant and early childhood mental health research for the many scholars studying and working with diverse populations marginalized by racism and systemic inequities.
Ligand‐Independent Actions of the Vitamin D Receptor: More Questions Than Answers
Authors: Bikle Daniel D. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTOur predominant understanding of the actions of vitamin D involve binding of its ligand, 1,25(OH)D, to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which for its genomic actions binds to discrete regions of its target genes called vitamin D response elements. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing (ChIP‐seq) studies have observed that the VDR can bind to many sites in the genome without its ligand. The number of such sites and how much they coincide with sites that also bind the liganded VDR vary from cell to cell, with the keratinocyte from the skin having the greatest overlap and the intestinal epithelial cell having the least. What is the purpose of the unliganded VDR? In this review, I will focus on two clear examples in which the unliganded VDR plays a role. The best example is that of hair follicle cycling. Hair follicle cycling does not need 1,25(OH)2D, and Vdr lacking the ability to bind 1,25(OH)2D can restore hair follicle cycling in mice otherwise lacking Vdr. This is not true for other functions of VDR such as intestinal calcium transport. Tumor formation in the skin after UVB radiation or the application of chemical carcinogens also appears to be at least partially independent of 1,25(OH)2D in that Vdr null mice develop such tumors after these challenges, but mice lacking Cyp27b1, the enzyme producing 1,25(OH)2D, do not. Examples in other tissues emerge when studies comparing Vdr null and Cyp27b1 null mice are compared, demonstrating a more severe phenotype with respect to bone mineral homeostasis in the Cyp27b1 null mouse, suggesting a repressor function for VDR. This review will examine potential mechanisms for these ligand‐independent actions of VDR, but as the title indicates, there are more questions than answers with respect to this role of VDR. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Equilibrium studies on reactive extraction of glycine with di(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid dissolved in n‐octanol, butyl acetate and solvent oil
Authors: She Yunting , Bai Huihua , Chang Zhixian , Li Deliang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDReactive extraction is an efficient and highly selective technique for the separation of polar organic compounds. In this work, we used three kinds of extractants, namely acidic di(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), neutral tributyl phosphate (TBP) and basic trioctyltertiaryamine (7301) dissolved in three diluents with different polarity (strong‐polar n‐octanol, weak‐polar butyl acetate and non‐polar solvent oil) for optimization of a reactive extraction system. Based on the result, the reactive extraction kinetics of glycine by D2EHPA and the factors that affect the distribution ratio (D) were discussed in detail. Finally, the reactive extraction mechanism was analyzed, and an extraction model was proposed.RESULTSD2EHPA + n‐octanol is the best system for the reactive extraction of glycine. The apparent equilibrium constantKwas calculated to be 1.71 L mol−1and the physical extraction distribution constant (m) was 0.10. The reactive extraction equilibrium of glycine by D2EHPA can be reached in 1 h and room temperature is suitable for the extraction. D2EHPA reacted with glycine to form a 1:1 type ion‐pair complex, and the structure of the complex is less affected by aqueous pH. Chemical extraction is dominant in the extraction process. The distribution ratioDincreases with the increase of D2EHPA concentration. pH and polarity of the diluent also have an influence on extraction efficiency.CONCLUSIONThe results provide preliminary practical information and a theoretical basis for the separation of glycine, which would be beneficial for the purification of glycine and the treatment of wastewater containing glycine. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
On a generalized Erdős–Rademacher problem
Authors: Liu Xizhi , Mubayi Dhruv 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe triangle covering number of a graph is the minimum number of vertices that hit all triangles. Given positive integers and an ‐vertex graph with edges and triangle covering number , we determine (for large ) sharp bounds on the minimum number of triangles in and also describe the extremal constructions. Similar results are proved for cliques of larger size and color critical graphs. This extends classical work of Rademacher, Erdős, and Lovász–Simonovits whose results apply only to . Our results also address two conjectures of Xiao and Katona. We prove one of them and give a counterexample and prove a modified version of the other conjecture.
A convenient and efficient process for the synthesis of 9‐aryl‐6,9‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐f] quinoline‐8‐carbonitrile and 1‐aryl‐1,4‐ dihydrobenzo[f]quinoline‐2‐carbonitrile derivatives
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Ting , Niu Fu‐Xiang , Yue Rui‐Xue , Zhang Yi , Ma Chen , Sun Jian , Rong Liangce 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA simple and convenient one‐pot three‐component reactions for the synthesis of 9‐aryl‐6,9‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐f]quinoline‐8‐carbonitrile from the reactions of aromatic aldehydes, 1H‐indazol‐6‐amine, and 3‐cyanoacetyl indole (aroylacetonitrile) has been reported. Meanwhile, 1‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydrobenzo[f]quinoline‐2‐carbonitrile has been accomplished by the reaction of various aromatic aldehydes, 2‐naphthylamine and 3‐cyanoacetyl indole in acetonitrile under 80°C. The advantages of this approach are mild reaction conditions, easy work‐up, and high yields.
2‐substituted tricyclic oxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine library: Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity activity
Authors: Zeng Yan , Nie Lifei , Bozorov Khurshed , Ruzi Zukela , Song Buer , Zhao Jiangyu , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report the design, synthetic route, and cytotoxicity of a library of 49 newly synthesized tricyclic oxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidines. The condensed pyrimidinones were constructed from ethyl 5‐aminooxazole‐4‐carboxylate building blocks. A tricyclic ring system was built using the naturally occurring mackinazolinone alkaloid with a focus on the molecular diversity at position C‐2 of the oxazole ring. Synthesized compounds were evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines including MCF‐7 (breast), HeLa (cervical), and A549 (lung) in vitro. The results revealed that substitution of halogen‐related aromatic fragments at position C‐2 of the oxazole ring may serve as promising anticancer drug candidates.
Is there a relationship between EEG and sTMS neurophysiological markers of the putative human mirror neuron system?
Authors: Bekkali Soukayna , Youssef George J. , Donaldson Peter H. , Hyde Christian , Do Michael , He Jason L. , Barhoun Pamela , Enticott Peter G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mirror neuron system (MNS) has been theorized to play a neurobiological role in a number of social cognitive abilities and is commonly indexed putatively in humans via interpersonal motor resonance (IMR) and mu suppression. Although both indices are thought to measure similar neuronal populations (i.e., “mirror neurons”), it has been suggested that these methods are unrelated, and therefore, incompatible. However, prior studies reporting no relationships were typically conducted in small and underpowered samples. Thus, we aimed to investigate this potential association in a large sample of neurotypical adults (N = 116; 72 females). Participants underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electromyography (EMG), and electroencephalography (EEG) during the observation of videos of actors performing grasping actions in order to index IMR and mu suppression (in beta, lower alpha, and upper alpha bandwidths). A series of linear regressions revealed no associations between IMR and each of the mu suppression bandwidths. Supplementary Bayesian analyses provided further evidence in favor of the null (B01 = 8.85–8.93), providing further support for no association between the two indices of MNS activity. Our findings suggest that these two measures may indeed be unrelated indices that perhaps assess different neurophysiological aspects of the MNS. These results have important implications for future studies examining the MNS.