bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does observance of Ramadan affect sleep in athletes and physically active individuals? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trabelsi Khaled , Ammar Achraf , Glenn Jordan M. , Boukhris Omar , Khacharem Aimen , Bouaziz Bassem , Zmijewski Piotr , Lanteri Paola , Garbarino Sergio , Clark Cain C. T. , Chamari Karim , Bragazzi Nicola L. , Hill David , Chtourou Hamdi 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to provide an accurate description of the effect of Ramadan observance on sleep duration, sleep quality, daily nap duration, and daytime sleepiness in athletes and physically active individuals. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley, and Taylor and Francis) were used to search for relevant studies conducted with athletes or physically active individuals during Ramadan, published in any language, and available before May 23, 2021. Studies that included assessments of sleep quantity and/or quality, and/or daytime sleepiness, and/or daily naps in athletes and physically active individuals were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using “QualSyst”. Of the 18 papers included in this study (298 participants in total), 14 were of strong quality, two were moderate, and the remaining two were rated as weak. Individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration (number of studies,K = 17, number of participants,N = 289,g = −0.766, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.199 to −0.333,p = 0.001). Additionally, the global score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index increased from 4.053 (K = 5,N = 65, 95% CI 3.071–5.034) pre‐Ramadan, to 5.346 (95% CI 4.362–6.333) during Ramadan, indicating a decrease in sleep quality. The duration of daytime naps increased during compared to pre‐Ramadan (K = 2,N = 31,g = 1.020, 95% CI 0.595–1.445,p = 0.000), whereas Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores remained unchanged during versus pre‐Ramadan (K = 3,N = 31,g = 0.190, 95% CI −0.139–0.519,p = 0.257). In conclusion, individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration, impairment of sleep quality, and increase in daytime nap duration, with no change in daytime sleepiness levels.
Effectiveness of remote monitoring and feedback on objective compliance with a mandibular advancement device for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kwon Jeong‐Seung , Jung Hyo‐Jung , Yu Jae‐Hun , Bae So‐Yeon , Park YounJung , Cha Jung Yul , Ahn Hyung‐Joon 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCompliance with a mandibular advancement device is important for the optimal treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Recent advances in information and communication technology‐based monitoring and intervention for chronic diseases have enabled continuous monitoring and personalized management. Self‐evaluation and self‐regulation through objective monitoring and feedback may improve compliance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology‐based remote monitoring and feedback services, using a smartphone application, on the objective compliance with a mandibular advancement device in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Forty individuals who were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea by polysomnography were randomly assigned to groups A and B. During an initial 6‐week evaluation period, the mandibular advancement device‐wearing time was monitored with the smartphone application in group B, but not in group A. The two groups then switched the monitoring procedures during the second 6‐week period (the smartphone application was then used by group B, but not by group A). If no input data were indicated on the cloud server of the smartphone application during the monitored period, push notifications were provided twice daily. Objective compliance, monitored by a micro‐recorder within the mandibular advancement device, was noted and compared based on whether the monitoring service was provided. The number of mandibular advancement device‐wearing days was significantly higher in the monitored period than in the unmonitored period. The mandibular advancement device‐wearing time did not differ significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, information and communication technology‐based remote monitoring and feedback services demonstrated a potential to increase the objective measures of compliance with mandibular advancement devices.
Setting an example: Political leaders' cues and compliance with health policies in the early stages of the Covid‐19 pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Ayala‐Cantu Luciano , Frattini Federico Fabio , Morando Bruno 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow do political leaders' cues affect citizen behavior regarding a new and complex issue? We address this question in the context of the early stages of the Covid‐19 pandemic in Mexico, using electoral outcomes and municipal‐level mobility data from Facebook's Movement Range Maps. In March 2020, Mexico's president downplayed constantly the severity of the coming health crisis by continuing his political rallies throughout the country and encouraging people to leave their homes. Using an event‐study analysis, we find that, after the first press conference where his government declared mobility restrictions were not yet necessary, on March 13, citizens' geographic mobility in pro‐government municipalities was higher than in cities where support for the president was less strong. Our results are robust to several specifications and definitions of political support. Moreover, we find evidence that our results are driven by cities with higher media penetration, which implies that they can be attributed to people's reactions to the president's cues rather than to systematic differences in the preferences of his supporters.
Integrated regulation of periclinal cell division by transcriptional module of BZR1‐SHR in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Tian Yanchen , Zhao Na , Wang Minmin , Zhou Wenying , Guo Jieqiong , Han Chao , Zhou Chuanen , Wang Wenfei , Wu Shuang , Tang Wenqiang , Fan Min , Bai Ming‐Yi 
Published: October 2021

Summary

The timing and extent of cell division are crucial for the correct patterning of multicellular organism. In Arabidopsis, root ground tissue maturation involves the periclinal cell division of the endodermis to generate two cell layers: endodermis and middle cortex. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this pattern formation remains unclear.

Here, we report that phytohormone brassinosteroid (BR) and redox signal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) interdependently promote periclinal division during root ground tissue maturation by regulating the activity of SHORT‐ROOT (SHR), a master regulator of root growth and development.

BR‐activated transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) directly binds to the promoter of SHR to induce its expression, and physically interacts with SHR to increase the transcripts of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs (RBOHs) and elevate the levels of H2O2, which feedback enhances the interaction between BZR1 and SHR. Additionally, genetic analysis shows that SHR is required for BZR1‐promoted periclinal division, and BZR1 enhances the promoting effects of SHR on periclinal division.

Together, our finding reveals that the transcriptional module of BZR1‐SHR fine‐tunes periclinal division during root ground tissue maturation in response to hormone and redox signals.
Implicit self‐esteem following a romantic partner's success: Three replications and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Hawkins Heather‐Christina C. , Lesick Tara L. , Zell Ethan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFew studies have examined how social comparisons with one's romantic partner influence self‐esteem. Ratliff and Oishi (2013) found that writing about a romantic partner's success versus failure lowered men's implicit self‐esteem (i.e., automatic associations between the concepts self/other and good/bad). We conducted three replications of this research (two preregistered). In each replication, the effect of writing about a romantic partner's success was not statistically significant. Furthermore, a meta‐analysis of our three replication studies yielded a small overall effect (d = 0.13) that was 78% smaller than the overall effect obtained by Ratliff and Oishi (2013). Our findings challenge the notion that merely thinking about a romantic partner's success or failure has a substantial impact on implicit self‐esteem. Exploratory analyses, however, suggest that this effect may occur for men who are low in relationship satisfaction.
How does organizational task matter for the reputation of public agencies?
Authors: Verhoest Koen , Boon Jan , Boye Stefan , Salomonsen Heidi H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study of organizational task for understanding how organizations behave and evolve has been one of the classic topics in organization theory and public administration. Reputation scholarship has appeared as a promising perspective to understand internal and external organizational dynamics. Reputation scholars, too, emphasize the critical importance of task. Despite this recognition, the literature is characterized by a lack of theorization, and large‐scale comparative analyses on how task characteristics are related to reputational dynamics. This study aims to address these concerns, relying on an extensive longitudinal dataset on the media reputation of 40 agencies in two countries to explain organizations' likelihood of attracting reputational threats (both in general and targeting specific reputational dimensions) through different task characteristics. Our main finding is that as agencies perform tasks of a more coercive and authoritative nature (regulatory tasks and, to a lesser extent, redistributive tasks), they are more likely to attract reputational threats (both in general and to all dimensions).
On Some Foundational Issues Concerning the Relationship Between Risk and Resilience
Authors: Aven Terje 
Published: October 2021

Abstract“Risk” and “resilience” are both terms with a long history, but how they are related and should be related are strongly debated. This article discusses the appropriateness of a perspective advocated by an active “resilience school” that sees risk as a change in critical system functionality, as a result of an event (disturbance, hazard, threat, accident), but not covering the recovery from the event. From this perspective, two theses are examined: risk and resilience are disjunct concepts, and risk is an aspect of resilience. Through the use of several examples and reasoning, the article shows that this perspective challenges daily‐life uses of the risk term, common practices of risk assessments and risk management, as well as contemporary risk science. A fundamental problem with the perspective is that system recovery is also an important aspect of risk, not only of resilience. Risk and resilience analysis and management implications of the conceptual analysis are also discussed.
Characterization of Pterocarpus macrocarpus (pradoo wood) biochar and its effect on the retention properties of sandy soils in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Siltecho Siwaporn , Suvannang Nopmanee , Kaiphoem Juthamard , Medeiros Erika , de Sousa Lima José Romualdo , Prakongkep Nattaporn , Gilkes Robert , Hammecker Claude 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPradoo wood biochar has been tested in order to explore sustainable solutions to the development of agriculture on poor sandy soils in marginal areas in Northeast Thailand. Some basic physicochemical properties of biochar, for example pore size distribution, cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA), and water and nutrient adsorption, were determined and compared to soil properties in order to determine appropriate biochar application to soil. Pradoo wood biochar showed important adsorption properties with high SSA, CEC and nutrient adsorption. The water retention properties were also improved on the dry end of the water retention curve. Phosphorous and ammonium adsorption–desorption isotherms were established and their respective affinity for the biochar surface was quantified, by the means of a retention index and thermodynamical parameters. We found that despite excellent retention properties, biochar needs to be added in large amounts (between 10 and 70 kg m−2) to soil to be able to modify noticeably the resulting soil properties.
Characterization of Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of X70 Spiral Welded Steel Pipes
Authors: Park Dong-Yeob , Liang Jie , Gravel Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Anisotropic tensile and compressive properties of base metals and girth welds of two API X70 spiral welded pipes have been investigated in this study. Spiral welded pipes exhibit different characteristics of anisotropy from UOE pipes, as the anisotropic property is determined by the thermo-mechanical rolling process of plates and coils produced for pipes. Spiral pipe steels have the lowest strengths in the pipe's transverse direction, contrary to UOE pipes with high strengths in the transverse direction. Yield strengths measured from tensile and compressive tests and their anisotropic characteristics are comparable, although tensile yield strengths are somewhat greater. The results of compressive tests also indicate an anisotropy in the pipe's through-thickness orientation as well as in the longitudinal orientation; yield strengths are highest in the through-thickness direction for both base metals and girth welds of the two pipes.
Importance and role of independent data monitoring committees (IDMCs) in oncology clinical trials
Authors: Schöffski P 
Published: October 2021

The role and use of independent data monitoring committees (IDMCs) has evolved over the past decades. The Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency have issued guidelines on the role and functioning of such committees. In general, data monitoring committees are recommended for large, often randomised clinical trials involving life-threatening diseases, studies performed in vulnerable populations or where the experimental intervention can potentially harm the trial participant. Such committees play an important role in trials evaluating treatments with the potential to prolong life or reduce the risk of major adverse health outcomes.Typically, oncology clinical trials fall within these recommendations, as they are often large, randomised, multicentric protocols aiming at improving survival outcomes by exploring the use of study treatments that may be associated with a significant risk of serious, even life-threatening adverse events. IDMCs are required for National Cancer Institute phase III randomised trials, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase II/III trials with formal interim analyses, early-stopping rules or adaptive studies. The primary role of an IDMC of ensuring the safety of study participants and maintaining clinical trial integrity is particularly important in oncology trials, due to the nature of the disease, the potential for treatment toxicity and for instilling confidence that the clinical trial data are reliable. A clear understanding by IDMC members of the natural course of the disease, treatment landscape, importance and relevance of certain adverse events in trial participants, clinical trial methodology in general and stopping rules for oncology trials in particular, is crucial for the functioning of an IDMC.It is recommended that IDMC members should be experienced trialists, have a track record of strong clinical, statistical and/or methodological expertise and the required level of independence, as they play a highly important role in the protection of study participants, and in commercially and strategically important go/no decisions. Ideally, IDMC members should have relevant experience or have some training, mentorship or guidelines.
Diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, smoking and COVID-19-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Mahamat-Saleh Yahya , Fiolet Thibault , Rebeaud Mathieu Edouard , Mulot Matthieu , Guihur Anthony , El Fatouhi Douae , Laouali Nasser , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan , Aune Dagfinn , Severi Gianluca 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the association between diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI) or smoking with the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 and to estimate the proportion of deaths attributable to these conditions.MethodsRelevant observational studies were identified by searches in the PubMed, Cochrane library and Embase databases through 14 November 2020. Random-effects models were used to estimate summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% CIs. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane methods and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework.ResultsA total of 186 studies representing 210 447 deaths among 1 304 587 patients with COVID-19 were included in this analysis. The SRR for death in patients with COVID-19 was 1.54 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.64, I2=92%, n=145, low certainty) for diabetes and 1.42 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.54, I2=90%, n=127, low certainty) for hypertension compared with patients without each of these comorbidities. Regarding obesity, the SSR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.61, I2=91%, n=54, high certainty) for patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2compared with those with BMI <30 kg/m2and 1.12 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.17, I2=68%, n=25) per 5 kg/m2increase in BMI. There was evidence of a J-shaped non-linear dose–response relationship between BMI and mortality from COVID-19, with the nadir of the curve at a BMI of around 22–24, and a 1.5–2-fold increase in COVID-19 mortality with extreme obesity (BMI of 40–45). The SRR was 1.28 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.40, I2=74%, n=28, low certainty) for ever, 1.29 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.62, I2=84%, n=19) for current and 1.25 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.42, I2=75%, n=14) for former smokers compared with never smokers. The absolute risk of COVID-19 death was increased by 14%, 11%, 12% and 7% for diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking, respectively. The proportion of deaths attributable to diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking was 8%, 7%, 11% and 2%, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking were associated with higher COVID-19 mortality, contributing to nearly 30% of COVID-19 deaths.Trial registration numberCRD42020218115.
Epilepsy and mortality: a retrospective cohort analysis with a nested case–control study identifying causes and risk factors from primary care and linkage-derived data
Authors: Wojewodka Gabriella , Gulliford Martin C , Ashworth Mark , Richardson Mark P , Ridsdale Leone 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesPeople with epilepsy (PWE) have a higher mortality rate than the general population. Epilepsy-related deaths have increased despite all-cause mortality decreasing in the general population pre-COVID-19. We hypothesised that clinical and lifestyle factors may identify people more at risk.DesignWe used a retrospective cohort study to explore cause of death and a nested case–control study to identify risk factors.SettingWe explored factors associated with mortality using primary care population data from 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2014. Data were obtained from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink which compiles anonymised patient data from primary care in the UK. Cause of death data was supplemented from the Office of National Statistics when available.ParticipantsThe analysis included 70 431 PWE, with 11 241 registered deaths.ResultsThe number of deaths within the database increased by 69% between the first and last year of the study. Epilepsy was considered as a contributing cause in approximately 45% of deaths of PWE under 35. Factors associated with increased risk of death included attendance at emergency departments and/or emergency admissions (OR 3.48, 95% CI 3.19 to 3.80), antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy (2 AEDs: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.71; 3 AEDs: OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.29; 4+AEDs: OR 2.62, 95% CI 2.23 to 3.08), status epilepticus (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.64 to 4.71), depression (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.57 to 1.76) and injuries (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.67). No seizures in the prior year (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.65).ConclusionOur results add to existing evidence that deaths in epilepsy are increasing. Future studies could focus on identifying PWE at high risk and addressing them with clinical interventions or better self-management. Identifying specific risk factors for younger people should be a priority as epilepsy may be a factor in close to half of deaths of PWE under 35 years of age.
PD-L2 glycosylation promotes immune evasion and predicts anti-EGFR efficacy
Authors: Xu Yiqi , Gao Zhenyue , Hu Ruxin , Wang Yuqing , Wang Yuhong , Su Zheng , Zhang Xiaoyue , Yang Jingxuan , Mei Mei , Ren Yu , Li Min , Zhou Xuan 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundCombination therapy has been explored for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) owing to the limited efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. Increased expression and glycosylation of immune checkpoint molecules in tumors are responsible for cetuximab therapy refractoriness. The role of programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), a ligand of PD-1, in the immune function is unclear. Here, we examined the regulatory mechanism of PD-L2 glycosylation and its role in antitumor immunity and cetuximab therapy.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate PD-L2 expression in cetuximab-resistant/sensitive HNSCC tissues. The mechanism of PD-L2 glycosylation regulation was explored in vitro. The effects of PD-L2 glycosylation on immune evasion and cetuximab efficacy were verified in vitro and using mice bearing orthotopic SCC7 tumors.ResultsThe PD-L2 levels were elevated andN-glycosylated in patients with cetuximab-resistant HNSCC. Glycosylated PD-L2 formed a complex with EGFR, which resulted in the activation of EGFR/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling and decreased the cetuximab binding affinity to EGFR. TheN-glycosyltransferase fucosyltransferase (FUT8), a transcriptional target of STAT3, was required for PD-L2 glycosylation. Moreover, glycosylation modification stabilized PD-L2 by blocking ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation, which consequently promoted its binding to PD-1 and immune evasion. Inhibition of PD-L2 glycosylation using Stattic, a specific STAT3 inhibitor, or PD-L2 mutation blocking its binding to FUT8, increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and augmented response to cetuximab.ConclusionsIncreased expression and glycosylation of PD-L2 in tumors are an important mechanism for cetuximab therapy refractoriness. Thus, the combination of PD-L2 glycosylation inhibition and cetuximab is a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer.