bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide
Authors: Tognetti Pedro M. , Prober Suzanne M. , Báez Selene , Chaneton Enrique J. , Firn Jennifer , Risch Anita C. , Schuetz Martin , Simonsen Anna K. , Yahdjian Laura , Borer Elizabeth T. , Seabloom Eric W. , Arnillas Carlos Alberto , Bakker Jonathan D. , Brown Cynthia S. , Cadotte Marc W. , Caldeira Maria C. , Daleo Pedro , Dwyer John M. , Fay Philip A. , Gherardi Laureano A. , Hagenah Nicole , Hautier Yann , Komatsu Kimberly J. , McCulley Rebecca L. , Price Jodi N. , Standish Rachel J. , Stevens Carly J. , Wragg Peter D. , Sankaran Mahesh 
Published: July 2021

SignificancePredicting the effects of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment on plant communities is critical for managing implications for biodiversity and ecosystem services. Plant functional types that fix atmospheric nitrogen (e.g., legumes) may be at particular risk of nutrient-driven global decline, yet global-scale evidence is lacking. Using an experiment in 45 grasslands across six continents, we showed that legume cover, richness, and biomass declined substantially with nitrogen additions. Although legumes benefited from phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients, these nutrients did not ameliorate nitrogen-induced legume decline. Given global trends in anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, our results indicate the potential for global decline in grassland legumes, with likely consequences for biodiversity, food webs, soil health, and genetic improvement of protein-rich plant species for food production.
An effective and efficient model of the near-field hydrodynamic interactions for active suspensions of bacteria
Authors: Zhang Bokai , Leishangthem Premkumar , Ding Yang , Xu Xinliang 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Active suspensions of microswimmers demonstrate novel emergent behaviors (self-organizations, active turbulence, etc.) on macroscopic length scales. For such systems with, minimally, thousands of microswimmers, direct numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic interactions are computationally infeasible, and reduced models are needed. We demonstrated that existing models are not satisfactory in describing the hydrodynamic interactions for microswimmers in close proximity with even qualitatively erroneous predictions, indicating a pressing need for an adequate model. We propose a model that is both physically effective and computationally efficient in describing such hydrodynamics. The main novelty of our model is the description of hydrodynamic interactions through a resistance tensor, as opposed to an effective steric interaction in existing models.
Thirty-five years later: Long-term effects of the Matlab maternal and child health/family planning program on older women’s well-being
Authors: Barham Tania , Champion Brachel , Foster Andrew D. , Hamadani Jena D. , Jochem Warren C. , Kagy Gisella , Kuhn Randall , Menken Jane , Razzaque Abdur , Root Elisabeth Dowling , Turner Patrick S. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Few studies have addressed links between family planning programs and long-term benefits for women’s health and economic outcomes, especially in societies where old-age support and women’s status are tied to childbearing and where smaller families may carry negative consequences for women. We analyzed the maternal and child health/family planning (MCH/FP) program, a highly effective intervention introduced in the rural Matlab subdistrict of Bangladesh in 1977 with a subsequent 12-y differential in service access. We found significant differences in lifetime contraceptive behavior and completed fertility among women born 1938−1973. We found few effects on later health or economic outcomes except for an association of MCH/FP with poorer overall health and poorer metabolic health among women born 1950−1961.
Spiny and soft-rayed fin domains in acanthomorph fish are established through a BMP-gremlin-shhsignaling network
Authors: Höch Rebekka , Schneider Ralf F. , Kickuth Alison , Meyer Axel , Woltering Joost M. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceThe “spiny fin,” comprising the anterior part of the dorsal and anal fins, is an evolutionary novelty that contributed to the success of the spiny-rayed fishes. This domain contains heavily ossified spines that serve as defense mechanism and differ from the posterior flexible soft rays. We show that the partitioning of the median fins into spines and soft rays is established through canonical developmental mechanisms responsible for the anterior–posterior patterning of appendages. Furthermore, the coloration of the anal fin in males appears to be genetically linked to soft-ray identity. Comparative analysis including nonacanthomorph fins indicates that the convergent evolution of fin spines across fishes likely involved the repeated exaptation of a deeply conserved developmental program from the anterior fin.
Hydrogel–mesh composite for wound closure
Authors: Gao Yang , Han Xiuyuan , Chen Jiaojiao , Pan Yudong , Yang Meng , Lu Linhe , Yang Jian , Suo Zhigang , Lu Tongqing 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Many surgeries require surgical mesh to be attached firmly at target areas to strengthen tissues, support organs, or repair wounds. Common methods of attachment include sutures, staples, and spiral tacks, but they damage tissues and prolong surgeries. Adhesion has been considered a promising alternative method to attach surgical meshes to tissues, but existing approaches of adhesion are too weak for most applications. Here, we develop composites of hydrogels and surgical meshes that can adhere to tissues firmly and stably. We demonstrate the applications of the hydrogel–mesh composites to wound closure, especially on tissues under high pressure or great tension.
VLM catecholaminergic neurons control tumor growth by regulating CD8
+
T cells
Authors: Zhang Ze , Li Yehua , Lv Xueyuan , Zhao Linlin , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

Significance
We have discovered that the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) catecholaminergic (CA) neurons, a group of neurons that control mouse stress response, are activated in tumor-bearing mice, and the neuronal activity promotes tumor growth in multiple syngeneic and spontaneous mouse tumor models. The tumor-promoting effect of these VLM CA neurons is mediated by cytotoxic T cells. These findings establish an interaction between a tumor and a group of neurons in the mouse brain that influences tumorigenesis and tumor growth by modulating adaptive immunity.
Rapid diagnosis and tumor margin assessment during pancreatic cancer surgery with the MasSpec Pen technology
Authors: King Mary E. , Zhang Jialing , Lin John Q. , Garza Kyana Y. , DeHoog Rachel J. , Feider Clara L. , Bensussan Alena , Sans Marta , Krieger Anna , Badal Sunil , Keating Michael F. , Woody Spencer , Dhingra Sadhna , Yu Wendong , Pirko Christopher , Brahmbhatt Kirtan A. , Van Buren George , Fisher William E. , Suliburk James , Eberlin Livia S. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceSurgical removal of pancreatic cancer remains the only option for a cure. To verify the extent of tumor removal, surgeons rely on pathologic evaluation of frozen sections of surgical margins. However, this process can be challenging, time consuming, and subjective. Here, we used the MasSpec Pen to rapidly distinguish pancreatic cancer from healthy pancreatic and bile duct tissues by generating classification models based on the molecular signatures acquired from tissue. We evaluated this technology in an operating room during pancreatic surgeries and used these classification models to predict on data obtained in vivo and ex vivo with high performance. Our results suggest that the MasSpec Pen platform has the potential to improve and expedite margin evaluation during pancreatic cancer surgery.
Biotransformation modulates the penetration of metallic nanomaterials across an artificial blood–brain barrier model
Authors: Guo Zhiling , Zhang Peng , Chakraborty Swaroop , Chetwynd Andrew J , Abdolahpur Monikh Fazel , Stark Christopher , Ali-Boucetta Hanene , Wilson Sandra , Lynch Iseult , Valsami-Jones Eugenia 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Although the brain is protected by a tight physiological guardian named the blood–brain barrier (BBB), deposition of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the brain and consequent neurotoxicity has been reported. To date, it is still unclear whether and how ENMs enter the brain by crossing the BBB. In this study, we found that metallic ENMs transform in the BBB as affected by their shape, size, and intrinsic solubility, which in turn modulates their transport form, efficiency, and pathways through the BBB and, consequently, their neurotoxicity. The library of quantitative data on the chemical transformations presented here will support in silico modeling and prediction of the neurotoxicity of NMs and facilitate the tailored design of safe NMs.
Coherent control mechanisms in bichromatic multiphoton ionization
Authors: Eickhoff K , Feld L , Köhnke D , Englert L , Bayer T , Wollenhaupt M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Free electron vortices (FEVs) generated by multiphoton ionization (MPI) with ultrashort laser pulses have attracted significant attention due to their varied symmetries and unusual topological properties. We study two physical mechanisms of coherent control in atomic MPI with bichromatic polarization-shaped femtosecond laser pulses which give rise to the rich variety of FEVs. In the experiments, we combine pulse shaping of a carrier-envelope phase-stable supercontinuum with photoelectron tomography to generate and reconstruct three-dimensional photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs). Simultaneous measurements of energetically separated photoelectrons from intraband and interband interference in a single PMD allow us to compare phase and polarization control of the angular distributions by both mechanisms. We investigate phase control in three scenarios: first, counterrotating circularly polarized pulses are employed to contrast the phase-insensitive angular momentum eigenstate created by intraband interference via frequency mixing with the phase-sensitive c
7 rotationally symmetric FEV from pure interband interference of two single-color ionization pathways. In the second scenario, we use orthogonal linearly polarized pulses to compare the phase control properties of a six-lobed angular momentum wave packet from intraband interference to those of a complex shaped interband PMD in the presence of phase fluctuations. Finally, we demonstrate phase control of a photoelectron hologram from mixed interband interference. In a (3 + 1) resonance enhanced MPI scheme, the red pump pulse induces a bound electron wave packet probed by the time-delayed blue pulse. The latter simultaneously creates a reference wave packet by three-photon ionization to form the photoelectron hologram. Rotation of the hologram with c
1 or c
5 rotational symmetry maps the time evolution of the bound wave packet. To analyze our results, we develop analytical expressions for the wave functions of intraband and interband interference in perturbative non-resonant MPI. The experiments are complemented with two-dimensional TDSE simulations to follow the FEV formation dynamics and to validate the physical pictures.
Myoelectric control of robotic lower limb prostheses: a review of electromyography interfaces, control paradigms, challenges and future directions
Authors: Fleming Aaron , Stafford Nicole , Huang Stephanie , Hu Xiaogang , Ferris Daniel P , Huang He (Helen) 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective. Advanced robotic lower limb prostheses are mainly controlled autonomously. Although the existing control can assist cyclic movements during locomotion of amputee users, the function of these modern devices is still limited due to the lack of neuromuscular control (i.e. control based on human efferent neural signals from the central nervous system to peripheral muscles for movement production). Neuromuscular control signals can be recorded from muscles, called electromyographic (EMG) or myoelectric signals. In fact, using EMG signals for robotic lower limb prostheses control has been an emerging research topic in the field for the past decade to address novel prosthesis functionality and adaptability to different environments and task contexts. The objective of this paper is to review robotic lower limb Prosthesis control via EMG signals recorded from residual muscles in individuals with lower limb amputations. Approach. We performed a literature review on surgical techniques for enhanced EMG interfaces, EMG sensors, decoding algorithms, and control paradigms for robotic lower limb prostheses. Main results. This review highlights the promise of EMG control for enabling new functionalities in robotic lower limb prostheses, as well as the existing challenges, knowledge gaps, and opportunities on this research topic from human motor control and clinical practice perspectives. Significance. This review may guide the future collaborations among researchers in neuromechanics, neural engineering, assistive technologies, and amputee clinics in order to build and translate true bionic lower limbs to individuals with lower limb amputations for improved motor function.
Wearable wireless power systems for ‘ME-BIT’ magnetoelectric-powered bio implants
Authors: Alrashdan Fatima T , Chen Joshua C , Singer Amanda , Avants Benjamin W , Yang Kaiyuan , Robinson Jacob T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective. Compared to biomedical devices with implanted batteries, wirelessly powered technologies can be longer-lasting, less invasive, safer, and can be miniaturized to access difficult-to-reach areas of the body. Magnetic fields are an attractive wireless power transfer modality for such bioelectronic applications because they suffer negligible absorption and reflection in biological tissues. However, current solutions using magnetic fields for mm sized implants either operate at high frequencies (

>

500 kHz) or require high magnetic field strengths (

>

10  mT), which restricts the amount of power that can be transferred safely through tissue and limits the development of wearable power transmitter systems. Magnetoelectric (ME) materials have recently been shown to provide a wireless power solution for mm-sized neural stimulators. These ME transducers convert low magnitude (

<

1 mT) and low-frequency (∼300 kHz) magnetic fields into electric fields that can power custom integrated circuits or stimulate nearby tissue. Approach. Here we demonstrate a battery-powered wearable magnetic field generator that can power a miniaturized MagnetoElectric-powered Bio ImplanT ‘ME-BIT’ that functions as a neural stimulator. The wearable transmitter weighs less than 0.5  lbs and has an approximate battery life of 37 h. Main results. We demonstrate the ability to power a millimeter-sized prototype ‘ME-BIT’ at a distance of 4 cm with enough energy to electrically stimulate a rat sciatic nerve. We also find that the system performs well under translational misalignment and identify safe operating ranges according to the specific absorption rate limits set by the IEEE Std 95.1-2019. Significance. These results validate the feasibility of a wearable system that can power miniaturized ME implants that can be used for different neuromodulation applications.
Analysis of Indonesian Soybean Production Result by Intercropping Plants
Authors: Budiharti Nelly , Wardana ING 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Domestic soybean production in Indonesia is still lack in fulfilling the country’s demand. The soybean import rate is still high, for about 253% from the domestic need. Strategies were studied and developed to increase the domestic soybean production that could reduce the import rate. The objective of this study was planting domestic soybean together with vegetable crops, named intercropping method, in order to increase the production to meet the soybean demand. The principle of this research is testing some variables that affect the fulfillment of soybean needs to reduce imports. The research was conducted by experimentally using five superior varieties of Raja Basa, Mutiara 1, Dega 1, Dena 1, and Grobogan, to be grown next to small red chilli, long green eggplant and sweet corn plants. The experiments and data collection were carried out in carried out in Pulungdowo Village. The data processing and analysis were using an experimental design that is a random block design with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that there was no difference in the use of varieties with vegetable crops on soybean production, but each Indonesian soybean variety has production potential according to the profile of the variety.
Growth and nutrients uptake of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to cajeput waste compost and inorganic fertilizer
Authors: Isnatin U , Muhammad  , Rahayu  , Purnomo D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Productivity of Soybean in sandy soils is still low and cajeput waste is increasing in number. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of compost from cajeput waste and inorganic fertilizers to increase the growth and nutriens uptake of soybean. This research was conducted using a randomized block design, with treatment : control, NPK 150 kg/ha, compost 6 t/ha, compost 6 t/ha + NPK 50 kg/ha, compost 6 t/ha + NPK 100 kg/ha and compost 6 t/ha + NPK 150 kg/ha The results showed that soybeans fertilized by compost alone have dry weight of stem, N uptake and K uptake higher than without fertilizing at 26.19%, 23.21% and 36.11% respectively. Increasing the dose of NPK fertilizer combined with compost can increase N and K uptake, but reduce the number of root nodules. The highest dry weight of stem, N uptake and K uptake in compost fertilizer combined with NPK of 150 kg/ha were respectively 2.31 g / plant, 0.076 g / plant and 0.056 g / plant.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR OF AUXIN CONTENT IN FERMENTED COCONUT WATER WASTE
Authors: Murni Ningtias Ningsih Elik , Sudiyono  , Dwi Anggraeni Frida 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Abstract :Natural Plant growth regulator (PGR) of auxin as a plant growth promoted was found in coconut water waste. The addition of glucose and tryptophan improved the quality of the substrate in the fermentation of coconut water waste. The addition of tryptophan glucose could reduce acidity / pH and produced acetic acid. Acetic acid was the source of plant growth regulator of auxin was in the form of IAA compounds (Indole acetic acid). The process of Auxin separation (IAA) was through extraction and isolation. This study was aimed to determine the content of plant growth regulator of auxin in fermented coconut water waste with the addition of glucose and tryptophan. This study used a completely randomized design with a single factor treatment. The treatments were consisted of P0 = coconut water waste, P1 = coconut water waste and 1.5 g glucose, P2 = coconut water waste and 1.5 g glucose, P3 = coconut water waste and tryptophan 8 mg P4 = coconut water waste and tryptophan 10 mg. The results of glucose and tryptophan were affected in pH and acetic acid after fermentation. The addition of tryptophan was affected the amount of plant growth regulator of auxin in fermented coconut water waste. The best treatment that obtaining IAA was P3 and P4.
AR MOOC’s (Augmented Reality Massive Open Online Course) to Support the Implementation of Distance Learning
Authors: Nidhom A M , Putra A B N R , Azhar Ahmad S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to reveal (1). Development of Augmented Reality (ARMOOC’s) coupled with MOOC’s to improve distance learning; (2). Fraction of the concept of All Education Blended which shows learning constantly updated; (3). The results of this study are the MOOC’s concept which is integrated with the actual Augmented Reality, MOOC’s as a place for student access through an online system that can be accessed anywhere and anytime, while Augmented Reality as a supplement of content that supports student activities to find out about learning. The results of the development of AR MOOC’s can be concluded as follows: (1) The development of AR MOOC’s (Augmented Reality Massive Open Online Courses) has the value of efficiency and effectiveness at the usability test stage of 88.9% which shows that the level of user usability is very high in AR MOOC’s ; (2). The application of AR MOOC’s as a supporter of distance education is quite successful, this is evidenced by 81.2% of users giving very good responses to universal use and the remaining 8.8% stated that it was sufficient; (3). The results of quantitative data indicate the significance of an increase in interest and ease of learning> 0.05, so it can be proven that the development of AR MOOC’s can be generalized to distance learning.
Android-Based Nutrition Education Application
Authors: Sudarmilah Endah , Randy Alvian Dony 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nutrition is a constituent of foodstuff having an important function to body health. Many people ignore as to how the food can influence the body. Due to their negligence, it is often that the calorie or energy entering the body is excessive resulting in a negative impact on the body health. The lack of nutrition knowledge along with the negligence of food intake arrangement entering the body can have a negative impact on the body. Therefore, the needs to find out the number of nutritional need required by the body can be manually calculated; however, it is a little bit complex. This study aimed to design application to provide nutrition education easiness in finding out the nutrition needs and arranging the proper food pattern. The application was made by using studio android with database firebase and operated by using Android Smartphone, Harris Benedict method in calculating energy, System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method approach with the Waterfall model. This study result was Android-based nutrition education application. In this application, there is a user menu to find out the nutrition needs and administrator in managing data. System testing was performed by Black box, expert validation test, and System Usability Scale (SUS) method, with 30 respondents resulting in a very good SUS score of 84.5 and thus the application can be accepted.
Modeling of Convolutional Neural Networks for Detection and Classification of Three Vehicle Classes
Authors: Rofii Faqih , Priyandoko Gigih , Istiadi  , Ifan Fanani Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The increasing number of vehicles causes traffic density on each road segment, especially in urban areas. Planning and regulating vehicle traffic, requires traffic flow parameter data, which currently is still largely done manually by assigning several people to count vehicles passing divided by a certain time period. The development of artificial intelligence in the field of computer vision enables the observation of traffic data using smart cameras. This study aims to produce a Convolutional Neural Netwoork (CNN) model for the detection and classification of three vehicle classes, namely bus, car and motorcycle. The architecture used to build CNN uses smallVGGNet with 3x3 convolution layers and one fully connected layer. The first three convolution layers are considered as feature extraction layers while the last one is for classification where there are three output types of vehicles. The model is trained using 3, 000 different images according to the class. In the training phase, it was determined 75 epochs where the consumption time of each epoch was ± 30 minutes so that the total time needed was 37.5 hours. The results of tests that have been done show that CNN models that have been trained can classify vehicle types with an accuracy of between 63-100%.