bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser-generated high entropy metallic glass nanoparticles as bifunctional electrocatalysts
Authors: Johny Jacob , Li Yao , Kamp Marius , Prymak Oleg , Liang Shun-Xing , Krekeler Tobias , Ritter Martin , Kienle Lorenz , Rehbock Christoph , Barcikowski Stephan , Reichenberger Sven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh entropy metallic glass nanoparticles (HEMG NPs) are very promising materials for energy conversion due to the wide tuning possibilities of electrochemical potentials offered by their multimetallic character combined with an amorphous structure. Up until now, the generation of these HEMG NPs involved tedious synthesis procedures where the generated particles were only available on highly specialized supports, which limited their widespread use. Hence, more flexible synthetic approaches to obtain colloidal HEMG NPs for applications in energy conversion and storage are highly desirable. We utilized pulsed laser ablation of bulk high entropy alloy targets in acetonitrile to generate colloidal carbon-coated CrCoFeNiMn and CrCoFeNiMnMo HEMG NPs. An in-depth analysis of the structure and elemental distribution of the obtained nanoparticles down to single-particle levels using advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods revealed amorphous quinary and senary alloy phases with slight manganese oxide/hydroxide surface segregation, which were stabilized within graphitic shells. Studies on the catalytic activity of the corresponding carbon-HEMG NPs during oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions revealed an elevated activity upon the incorporation of moderate amounts of Mo into the amorphous alloy, probably due to the defect generation by atomic size mismatch. Furthermore, we demonstrate the superiority of these carbon-HEMG NPs over their crystalline analogies and highlight the suitability of these amorphous multi-elemental NPs in electrocatalytic energy conversion.
Developing Public Health Emergency Response Leaders in Incident Management: A Scoping Review of Educational Interventions
Authors: Li Yang , Hsu Edbert B. , Pham NhuNgoc , Davis Xiaohong Mao , Podgornik Michelle N. , Trigoso Silvia M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring emergency responses, public health leaders frequently serve in incident management roles that differ from their routine job functions. Leaders’ familiarity with incident management principles and functions can influence response outcomes. Therefore, training and exercises in incident management are often required for public health leaders. To describe existing methods of incident management training and exercises in the literature, we queried 6 English language databases and found 786 relevant articles. Five themes emerged: (1) experiential learning as an established approach to foster engaging and interactive learning environments and optimize training design; (2) technology-aided decision support tools are increasingly common for crisis decision-making; (3) integration of leadership training in the education continuum is needed for developing public health response leaders; (4) equal emphasis on competency and character is needed for developing capable and adaptable leaders; and (5) consistent evaluation methodologies and metrics are needed to assess the effectiveness of educational interventions.These findings offer important strategic and practical considerations for improving the design and delivery of educational interventions to develop public health emergency response leaders. This review and ongoing real-world events could facilitate further exploration of current practices, emerging trends, and challenges for continuous improvements in developing public health emergency response leaders.
A Comparative Study on Virology, Epidemiology, and Clinical Features of SARS and COVID-19
Authors: Zhao Yanmei , Lu Qianying , Meng Xiangyan , Huang Siyu , Zhang Jianfeng , Dong Wenlong , Fan Haojun , Hou Shike 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak of an unknown cause of pneumonia (later named coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) occurred in Wuhan, China. This was found to be attributed to a novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV). The SARS-CoV-2, a new type of highly pathogenic human coronavirus related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), spread rapidly worldwide and caused 246,303,023 confirmed infections, including 4,994,160 deaths, by October 31, 2021. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV vary in their specific characteristics, regarding epidemics and pathogenesis. This article focuses on the comparison of the virology, epidemiology, and clinical features of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to reveal their common and distinct properties, to provide an up-to-date resource for the development of advanced systems and strategies to monitor and control future epidemics of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses.
Suppose We Know Things
Authors: Duncan Matt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen contemporary philosophers discuss the nature of knowledge, or conduct debates that the nature of knowledge is relevant to, they typically treat all knowledge as propositional. However, recent introductory epistemology texts and encyclopedia entries often mention three kinds of knowledge: (i) propositional knowledge, (ii) abilities knowledge, and (iii) knowledge of things/by acquaintance. This incongruity is striking for a number of reasons, one of which is that what kinds of knowledge there are is relevant to various debates in philosophy. In this paper I focus on this point as it relates to the third kind of knowledge mentioned above – knowledge of things. I start by supposing that we have knowledge of things, and then I show how this supposition reshapes various debates in philosophy.
Multiplicative constants and maximal measurable cocycles in bounded cohomology
Authors: MORASCHINI M. , SAVINI A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultiplicative constants are a fundamental tool in the study of maximal representations. In this paper, we show how to extend such notion, and the associated framework, to measurable cocycles theory. As an application of this approach, we define and study the Cartan invariant for measurable$\mathrm{PU}(m,1)$-cocycles of complex hyperbolic lattices.
The unintended consequences of liberalization and austerity on higher education in Mozambique
Authors: Mubai Marlino Eugénio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChronic shortages of resources to run the state have been a feature of Mozambique since the colonial period. Even before the adoption of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) in the late 1980s, conditions were austere due to the effects of Portuguese colonialism, a decade of liberation struggle, prolonged civil war and policy mistakes following independence in 1975. Drawing from archival research and oral accounts, this article analyses the impact of the liberalization of higher education in Mozambique. It explores the strategies adopted by intellectuals and academics to navigate reduced state support and donor conditionalities accompanying austerity measures from the late 1980s. It also highlights the paradoxical effects of austerity measures on fundraising, intellectual production, and the expansion of educational institutions. Austerity measures brought about by SAPs have forced universities and faculty to reinvent themselves by commercializing and privatizing higher education and seeking external funding for research. At the same time, scholars are now intellectually freer but more dependent on donors’ research agendas. Finally, the introduction of privately owned higher education institutions and the marketization of public institutions have increased divisions between the elites and the majority of Mozambicans who cannot afford to pay the fees charged.
Exporting the Iranian Revolution: Ecumenical Clerics in Lebanon
Authors: Ataie Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFrom the dawn of the 1978–79 Iranian Revolution until the consolidation of Hizbullah in the late 1980s, a network of Iranian, Lebanese, and Palestinian clerics played a crucial role in spreading the revolution to Lebanon and laying the groundwork for Hizbullah. Whereas the historiography of the post-1979 Iran–Lebanon relationship is overwhelmingly focused on Hizbullah, the present study, by drawing on oral history interviews with these clerics and archival materials, contends that the Iranian Revolution came to Lebanon primarily through these Shi‘i and Sunni clerics, who joined ranks and established the Association of Muslim ‘Ulama’ in Lebanon in the wake of the 1982 Israeli invasion. This study argues that these clerics modeled their struggle on the ‘ulama’-led and mosque-based example of the 1978–79 revolution, which this paper describes as the Khomeinist script, to transcend sect to seed a revolution in Lebanon and mass mobilize against the invasion. This article concludes that the ecumenical script was highly appealing to non-Shi‘i Islamists, a key factor in the success of exporting the revolution and the rise of Hizbullah in Lebanon.
A spontaneous retropharyngeal haematoma: a suspected side-effect of indomethacin
Authors: Crossley E , Goldie S , Kirkby-Bott J , Hellier W 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRetropharyngeal haematomas are most commonly associated with trauma and anti-coagulant use. This paper describes the first reported case of a spontaneous retropharyngeal haematoma suspected to be due to indomethacin use.Case reportIt is proposed that the combination of indomethacin affecting platelet aggregation, alongside the patient coughing, may have led to this retropharyngeal haematoma.ConclusionThe complexities of management are discussed and the current literature reviewed. In the absence of airway compromise or a rapidly enlarging haematoma, patients can be managed conservatively with observation and close discussion with the haematology department. Follow-up imaging is not necessary if the patient's symptoms settle; however, any increase in parathyroid hormone levels must be investigated to exclude a parathyroid adenoma.
Distance Learning: Political Education in the Persian Letters
Authors: Hanley Ryan Patrick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMontesquieu's Persian Letters offers a remarkable guide into the methods and substance of political education, and especially political education at a distance. In two particular series of epistolary exchanges between distant letter writers and recipients we are shown a talented educator in action, one especially adept on two fronts. First, in these exchanges Usbek shows himself to be uniquely sensitive to the concerns of his interlocutors. Second, his sensitivity to these concerns shapes not only the methods by which he presents his political teaching but also its substance. This paper argues that Usbek's political education speaks, by design, to the inclinations of its recipients, and that this political education is itself grounded on the teaching that the best regime in practice is that which most effectively responds to the inclinations of its inhabitants.
Head of a Young Woman: The thrilling recovery of a flying Picasso
Authors: Zambrana-Tévar Nicolás 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe case of the illicit export of a Picasso painting by its owner and its confiscation and recovery by French and Spanish authorities provides an interesting example of the complexities of the transnational criminal, civil, and administrative law protection of national cultural heritage and of the ongoing efforts to achieve useful legal instruments at the European level, which foster and harmonize the current and often informal mechanisms of cooperation and judicial assistance among the different domestic enforcing agencies. It also attempts to show how Spanish authorities have made a legitimate, but possibly overreaching, use of existing European Union law in order to recover and appropriate a valuable work of art.
Real-time MLton: A Standard ML runtime for real-time functional programs
Authors: SHIVKUMAR BHARGAV , MURPHY JEFFREY , ZIAREK LUKASZ 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is a growing interest in leveraging functional programming languages in real-time and embedded contexts. Functional languages are appealing as many are strictly typed, amenable to formal methods, have limited mutation, and have simple but powerful concurrency control mechanisms. Although there have been many recent proposals for specialized domain-specific languages for embedded and real-time systems, there has been relatively little progress on adapting more general purpose functional languages for programming embedded and real-time systems. In this paper, we present our current work on leveraging Standard ML (SML) in the embedded and real-time domains. Specifically, we detail our experiences in modifying MLton, a whole-program optimizing compiler for SML, for use in such contexts. We focus primarily on the language runtime, reworking the threading subsystem, object model, and garbage collector. We provide preliminary results over a radar-based aircraft collision detector ported to SML.
Acute intraprocedural thrombosis during an arterial ductal stenting successfully managed by eptifibatide
Authors: Mumtaz Zeeshan Ahmed , Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute stent thrombosis may complicate neonatal arterial duct stenting for reduced pulmonary blood flow. Thrombolytic agents recanalise the clot but may cause bleeding around the vascular sheaths and other sites. Since early thrombus is platelet mediated, intravenous platelet glycoprotein inhibitor like eptifibatide is likely to be effective, but rarely utilised in neonates. Ductal stent thrombosis treated with eptifibatide is reported.
Acute rheumatic fever: 10-year single-center experience: clinical and laboratory findings, with subclinical carditis and treatment complications
Authors: Bulbul Lida , Akyol Mehmet Bedir , Civan Hasret Ayyıldız , Elitok Gizem Kara , Hatipoglu Sami , Akkus Canan Hasbal , Bulbul Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground:Acute rheumatic fever in childhood continues to cause serious morbidity despite all developments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with acute rheumatic fever and to determine the frequency of subclinical carditis and the side effects of the drugs used in the treatment.Methods:The data of patients hospitalised between 2008 and 2018 with the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever were included in the study. The relationship of gender and age with the frequency of major symptoms and the distribution of the drugs used in the treatment and their side effects were evaluated.Results:Medical records of 102 patients with complete data were reviewed. 56.9% of the patients were male and the mean age was 10.7 ± 1.9 years. The most common distribution of complaints found were arthritis (51%), arthralgia (25.5%) and fever (16.7%). 10.8% of all patients (n = 11) were diagnosed subclinical carditis via echocardiographic evaluation. The frequency of carditis was higher in female patients with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between gender and arthritis (p = 0.22) and carditis (p > 0.05). Anti-congestive therapy was required in 22% and inotropic treatment was needed in 6.1% cases. Toxic hepatitis developed in four cases during the acetylsalicylic acid treatment.Conclusions:In a 10-year period, detection of subclinical carditis in 10.8% cases supported that echocardiography should be performed as a standard method for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. Patients should be followed closely in terms of hepatic toxicity due to acetylsalicylic acid used in the treatment.
Glide paths for a retirement plan with deferred annuities
Authors: Jang Chul , Clare Andrew , Owadally Iqbal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe construct investment glide paths for a retirement plan using both traditional asset classes and deferred annuities (DAs). The glide paths are approximated by averaging the asset proportions of stochastic optimal investment solutions. The objective function consists of power utility in terms of secured retirement income from purchased DAs, as well as a bequest that can be withdrawn before retirement. Compared with conventional glide paths and investment strategies, our DA-enhanced glide paths provide the investor with higher welfare gains, more efficient investment portfolios and more responsive retirement income patterns and bequest levels to different fee structures and personal preferences.
Sequence variants in malignant hyperthermia genes in Iceland: classification and actionable findings in a population database
Authors: Fridriksdottir Run , Jonsson Arnar J. , Jensson Brynjar O. , Sverrisson Kristinn O. , Arnadottir Gudny A. , Skarphedinsdottir Sigurbjorg J. , Katrinardottir Hildigunnur , Snaebjornsdottir Steinunn , Jonsson Hakon , Eiriksson Ogmundur , Oskarsson Gudjon R. , Oddsson Asmundur , Jonasdottir Adalbjorg , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Sigurdsson Gisli H. , Indridason Einar P. , Sigurdsson Stefan B. , Bjornsdottir Gyda , Saemundsdottir Jona , Magnusson Olafur T. , Bjornsson Hans T. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sigurdsson Theodor S. , Sulem Patrick , Sigurdsson Martin I. , Stefansson Kari 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMalignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility is a rare life-threatening disorder that occurs upon exposure to a triggering agent. MH is commonly due to protein-altering variants in RYR1 and CACNA1S. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommends that when pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in RYR1 and CACNA1S are incidentally found, they should be reported to the carriers. The detection of actionable variants allows the avoidance of exposure to triggering agents during anesthesia. First, we report a 10-year-old Icelandic proband with a suspected MH event, harboring a heterozygous missense variant NM_000540.2:c.6710G>A r.(6710g>a) p.(Cys2237Tyr) in the RYR1 gene that is likely pathogenic. The variant is private to four individuals within a three-generation family and absent from 62,240 whole-genome sequenced (WGS) Icelanders. Haplotype sharing and WGS revealed that the variant occurred as a somatic mosaicism also present in germline of the proband’s paternal grandmother. Second, using a set of 62,240 Icelanders with WGS, we assessed the carrier frequency of actionable pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in RYR1 and CACNA1S. We observed 13 actionable variants in RYR1, based on ClinVar classifications, carried by 43 Icelanders, and no actionable variant in CACNA1S. One in 1450 Icelanders carries an actionable variant for MH. Extensive sequencing allows for better classification and precise dating of variants, and WGS of a large fraction of the population has led to incidental findings of actionable MH genotypes.
A contorted nanographene shelter
Authors: Wu Huang , Wang Yu , Song Bo , Wang Hui-Juan , Zhou Jiawang , Sun Yixun , Jones Leighton O. , Liu Wenqi , Zhang Long , Zhang Xuan , Cai Kang , Chen Xiao-Yang , Stern Charlotte L. , Wei Junfa , Farha Omar K. , Anna Jessica M. , Schatz George C. , Liu Yu , Fraser Stoddart J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanographenes have kindled considerable interest in the fields of materials science and supramolecular chemistry as a result of their unique self-assembling and optoelectronic properties. Encapsulating the contorted nanographenes inside artificial receptors, however, remains challenging. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a trigonal prismatic hexacationic cage, which has a large cavity and adopts a relatively flexible conformation. It serves as a receptor, not only for planar coronene, but also for contorted nanographene derivatives with diameters of approximately 15 Å and thicknesses of 7 Å. A comprehensive investigation of the host-guest interactions in the solid, solution and gaseous states by experimentation and theoretical calculations reveals collectively an induced-fit binding mechanism with high binding affinities between the cage and the nanographenes. Notably, the photostability of the nanographenes is improved significantly by the ultrafast deactivation of their excited states within the cage. Encapsulating the contorted nanographenes inside the cage provides a noncovalent strategy for regulating their photoreactivity.
A comprehensive risk score for effective risk stratification and screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Cao Su-Mei , Cai Yong-Lin , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Shanshan , Feng Guo-Fei , Chen Yufeng , Feng Qi-Sheng , Chen Yijun , Chang Ellen T. , Liu Zhonghua , Adami Hans-Olov , Liu Jianjun , Ye Weimin , Zhang Zhe , Zeng Yi-Xin , Xu Miao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based markers to screen populations at high risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an attractive preventive approach. Here, we develop a comprehensive risk score (CRS) that combines risk effects of EBV and human genetics for NPC risk stratification and validate this CRS within an independent, population-based dataset. Comparing the top decile with the bottom quintile of CRSs, the odds ratio of developing NPC is 21 (95% confidence interval: 12–37) in the validation dataset. When combining the top quintile of CRS with EBV serology tests currently used for NPC screening in southern China, the positive prediction value of screening increases from 4.70% (serology test alone) to 43.24% (CRS plus serology test). By identifying individuals at a monogenic level of NPC risk, this CRS approach provides opportunities for personalized risk prediction and population screening in endemic areas for the early diagnosis and secondary prevention of NPC.
A modular self-adjuvanting cancer vaccine combined with an oncolytic vaccine induces potent antitumor immunity
Authors: Das Krishna , Belnoue Elodie , Rossi Matteo , Hofer Tamara , Danklmaier Sarah , Nolden Tobias , Schreiber Liesa-Marie , Angerer Katharina , Kimpel Janine , Hoegler Sandra , Spiesschaert Bart , Kenner Lukas , von Laer Dorothee , Elbers Knut , Derouazi Madiha , Wollmann Guido 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFunctional tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells elicited by therapeutic cancer vaccination in combination with oncolytic viruses offer opportunities to address resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy. Two cancer vaccines, the self-adjuvanting protein vaccine KISIMA, and the recombinant oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with LCMV-GP expressing tumor-associated antigens, termed VSV-GP-TAA, both show promise as a single agent. Here we find that, when given in a heterologous prime-boost regimen with an optimized schedule and route of administration, combining KISIMA and VSV-GP-TAA vaccinations induces better cancer immunity than individually. Using several mouse tumor models with varying degrees of susceptibility for viral replication, we find that priming with KISIMA-TAA followed by VSV-GP-TAA boost causes profound changes in the tumor microenvironment, and induces a large pool of poly-functional and persistent antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in the periphery. Combining this heterologous vaccination with checkpoint blockade further improves therapeutic efficacy with long-term survival in the spectrum. Overall, heterologous vaccination with KISIMA and VSV-GP-TAA could sensitize non-inflamed tumors to checkpoint blockade therapy.