bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal distribution of mutton snapper and dog snapper spawning aggregations in the South‐west Atlantic
Authors: França Aline R. , Olavo George , Rezende Sergio M. , Ferreira Beatrice P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Sites and periods of spawning aggregations of two important fishery resources, the mutton snapper, Lutjanus analis, and the dog snapper, Lutjanus jocu, were identified and validated along the Brazilian north‐east coast (latitude 8–15°S) using exploratory analysis of catch per unit effort (CPUE) data, gonadosomatic index analysis, and gonad histology.
The CPUE analysis for both species allowed the identification of outliers and far outliers, representing fisheries with exceptional catches, which were used as proxies of possible aggregation.
The presence of pre‐spawning and recent spawning signs (hydrated oocytes and post‐ovulatory follicles) in the ovary of females caught at sites with recurrent records of high CPUE allowed the validation of spawning activity at those specific sites for each species. All aggregation sites identified in this study were located on the outer shelf, close to the shelf break, a region that has been declared an Ecologically and Biologically Significant Marine Area.
Comparison of two subregions showed significant differences in size structure of the fish sampled during landings, suggesting a fishing depletion effect in the north region.
For both species, reproduction peaked twice in all regions studied, with a more marked peak during summer. However, spawning activity was observed in almost every month of the year, suggesting that seasonal closures could be more effective if combined with spatial measures.
In the northern part of the study range, spawning grounds were found to lie just outside the boundaries of one of Brazil's largest marine protected areas. Inclusion of those grounds in the marine protected area would increase protection of these species and also mean increased protection of an Ecologically and Biologically Significant Marine Area, encompassing mesophotic reefs.
The identification of these spawning aggregations sites on the north‐east coast of Brazil was conducted in collaboration with local fishers that traditionally use bottom handline. Co‐management approaches are suggested in view of the importance of these fishing sites for traditional fishing communities that may also face threats due to encroachment of mobile fleets.
Evolutionary history or function? Which preponderates in the expression of the muscle mass of the thoracic limb in wild carnivorans?
Authors: de Souza Junior Paulo , de Souza Pahim Alyssa Brum , Viotto‐Souza Wilson , Pellenz Jade , Bernardes Fernanda Coelho Simas , Abidu‐Figueiredo Marcelo , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThoracic limbs are extremely versatile and exhibit informative characteristics about habits of the Carnivora order in the wild. Despite this relevance, comparative studies with quantitative variables on thoracic limb muscles are still scarce in carnivorans. The aims of this study were to measure the mass of the intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb of neotropical species of the Carnivora order and to establish comparative conjectures. For this purpose, 39 thoracic limbs of 10 neotropical carnivorans species were dissected. The mass of each muscle was measured on a digital scale, muscles were grouped by function, and the mass average percentage that each functional group of muscles occupied in the thoracic limb was calculated. The data of the present study was added to that available in the literature for 22 other carnivoran species. Three groups of species were considered: Canidae, Musteloidea, and Feliformia. Comparatively, the eight canid species included in this analyses concentrate muscle mass proximally in the thoracic limb to prioritize essential cursoriality. The nine musteloids had more muscle mass in the distal muscles due to the demand for versatility and manual strength, and the 14 Feliformia species exhibited an intermediate trend. The analysis of clusters revealed a great overlap of the percentage distribution of muscle mass with the phylogeny previously established for carnivorans. It could be verified that the distribution of muscle masses meets the demand of the locomotor habits of the species up to a certain level, from which phylogeny begins to limit morphological adaptations.
Use of micro‐CT to determine tracheobronchial airway geometries in three strains of mice used in inhalation toxicology as disease models
Authors: Oldham Michael J. , Lucci Francesco , Foong Clement , Yeo Demetrius , Asgharian Bahman , Cockram Steve , Luke Stephen , Chua Joanne , Hoeng Julia , Peitsch Manual C. , Kuczaj Arkadiusz K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAerosol dosimetry estimates for mouse strains used as models for human disease are not available, primarily because of the lack of tracheobronchial airway morphometry data. By using micro‐CT scans of in‐situ prepared lung casts, tracheobronchial airway morphometry for four strains of mice were obtained: Balb/c, AJ, C57BL/6, and Apoe−/−. The automated tracheobronchial airway morphometry algorithms for airway length and diameter were successfully verified against previously published manual and automated tracheobronchial airway morphometry data derived from two identical in‐situ Balb/c mouse lung casts. There was also excellent agreement in tracheobronchial airway length and diameter between the automated and manual airway data for the AJ, C57BL/6, and Apoe−/− mice. Differences in branch angle measurements were partially due to the differences in definition between the automated algorithms and manual morphometry techniques. Unlike the manual airway morphometry techniques, the automated algorithms were able to provide a value for inclination to gravity for each airway. Inclusion of an inclination to gravity angle for each airway along with airway length, diameter, and branch angle make the current automated tracheobronchial airway data suitable for use in dosimetry programs that can provide dosimetry estimates for inhaled material. The significant differences in upper tracheobronchial airways between Balb/c mice and between C57BL/6 and Apoe−/− mice highlight the need for mouse strain‐specific aerosol dosimetry estimates.
A minimal length uncertainty approach to cosmological constant problem
Authors: Diab Abdel Magied , Tawfik Abdel Nasser 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on quantum mechanical framework for the minimal length uncertainty, we demonstrate that the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) parameter could be best constrained by recent gravitational waves observations on one hand. On the other hand, this suggests modified dispersion relations (MDRs) enabling an estimation for the difference between the group velocity of gravitons and that of photons. Utilizing features of the UV/IR correspondence and the obvious similarities between GUP (including non‐gravitating and gravitating impacts on Heisenberg uncertainty principle) and the discrepancy between the theoretical and the observed cosmological constant (apparently manifesting gravitational influences on the vacuum energy density), we suggest a possible solution for the cosmological constant problem.
The role of quark matter surface tension in magnetars
Authors: Grunfeld Ana Gabriela , Lugones Germán 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn spite of its key role in compact star physics, the surface tension of quark matter is not well comprehended yet. In this work, we analyze the behavior of the surface tension of three‐flavor quark matter in the outer and inner core of cold deleptonized magnetars, proto magnetars born in core collapse supernovae, and hot magnetars produced in binary neutron stars mergers. We explore the role of temperature, baryon number density, trapped neutrinos, droplet size, and magnetic fields within the multiple reflection expansion formalism. Quark matter is described within the MIT bag model and is assumed to be in chemical equilibrium under weak interactions. We discuss some astrophysical consequences of our results.
Einstein and Møller energies of a particular asymptotically Reissner–Nordström non‐singular black hole solution
Authors: Radinschi Irina , Grammenos Theophanes , Sahoo Pradyumn Kumar , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Cazacu Marius Mihai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe localization of energy‐momentum for a four‐dimensional charged, static, and spherically symmetric, non‐singular black hole solution that asymptotically behaves as a Reissner–Nordström solution, is studied. The space–time geometry is distinguished by a particular distribution function entering the mass function m(r). The non‐singular character of the metric is warranted by the coupling of general relativity with a non‐linear electrodynamics, whereby the resulting electric field is everywhere non‐singular and asymptotically tends to the Maxwell field. The energy and momentum distributions are computed by applying the Einstein and Møller energy‐momentum complexes. It is found that all the momenta vanish, while the energies depend on the electric charge, the mass, and the radial coordinate. Finally, the behavior of the energies near the origin, near infinity, as well as in the case of a vanishing electric charge is examined.
Cyg X‐3: A gamma‐ray binary
Authors: Sinitsyna Vera G. , Sinitsyna Vera Yu. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCygnus X‐3 (Cyg X‐3) is the famous binary system containing a black hole. It is actively studied through the wide range of electromagnetic spectra from radio band up to ultrahigh energies. Cyg X‐3 has long been considered an object for very high energy gamma‐ray observations. We present the results of more than 20‐year‐long studies of Cyg X‐3 in the range of 800 GeV to 100 TeV with the SHALON telescope. The detected TeV γ‐ray source was identified with Cyg X‐3 based on the detection of the γ‐ray flux modulation during the orbital period of this binary system of 4.8 hr. The detected modulation of TeV γ‐ray emission with orbit, together with the high luminosity of the companion star of Cyg X‐3 and the close orbit, leads to the efficient generation of the part of γ‐ray emission in the inverse Compton scattering. The correlation of TeV flux increases with the flaring activity of Cyg X‐3 in X‐ray and radio ranges is found, which could be associated with powerful mass ejections from the central regions around the black hole.
Enzyme engineering and its industrial applications
Authors: Victorino da Silva Amatto Isabela , Gonsales da Rosa‐Garzon Nathalia , Antônio de Oliveira Simões Flávio , Santiago Fernanda , Pereira da Silva Leite Nathália , Raspante Martins Júlia , Cabral Hamilton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, there has been an increase in the demand for enzymes with modified activity, specificity, and stability. Enzyme engineering is an important tool to meet the demand for enzymes adjusted to different industrial processes. Knowledge of the structure and function of enzymes guides the choice of the best strategy for engineering enzymes. Each enzyme engineering strategy, such as rational design, directed evolution, and semi‐rational design, has specific applications, as well as limitations, which must be considered when choosing a suitable strategy. Engineered enzymes can be optimized for different industrial applications by choosing the appropriate strategy. This review features engineered enzymes that have been applied in food, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, medical applications, bioremediation, biofuels, and detergents.
Standortübergreifende Forschung zu Carbonbetonstrukturen im SFB/TRR 280
Authors: Beckmann Birgit , Bielak Jan , Scheerer Silke , Schmidt Christopher , Hegger Josef , Curbach Manfred 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeue Materialien ermöglichen neue Bauformen und Konstruktionsarten. Erste Bauprojekte mit den neuen Materialien zeigten aber, dass zunächst weiterhin nach traditionellen – im Falle von Carbonbeton dem Stahlbeton entlehnten – Konstruktionsprinzipien gebaut wird, herkömmliche Materialien also lediglich substituiert werden. Erst in Verbindung mit intelligenten Konstruktionsstrategien wird das volle Potenzial innovativer Werkstoffe ausgenutzt. Losgelöst von etablierten Denkmustern sollen im Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio (SFB/TRR) 280 „Konstruktionsstrategien für materialminimierte Carbonbetonstrukturen – Grundlagen für eine neue Art zu bauen“ an der Technischen Universität Dresden und der RWTH Aachen University die Grundlagen für eine neue Form des Bauens mit Beton auf Basis tiefgreifender Erkenntnisse zum strukturmechanischen Verhalten neuartiger, mineralisch basierter Komposite geschaffen werden. Die neuen Leichtbau‐Konstruktionsstrategien und Werkstoffkombinationen reduzieren Ressourcen‐ und Energieverbrauch bei gleichzeitig hoher Gebrauchstauglichkeit, Tragsicherheit und Dauerhaftigkeit; eine anspruchsvolle Ästhetik leistet einen Beitrag zur Baukultur. Der langjährige Forschungsverbund von TU Dresden und RWTH Aachen vereint exzellente Kompetenzen, was die Erforschung des materialminimierten Bauens mit mineralischen Kompositen beflügeln wird. Im Beitrag werden die für den Zeitraum Juli 2020 bis Juni 2024 geplanten Forschungsaktivitäten vorgestellt.
Dorsal penile nerve block alleviates pain in men undergoing rigid cystoscopy: A single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Qiu Yan , Liu Xinhao , Wei Wuran , Du Guizhi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) compared with tetracaine gel in analgesia for men undergoing rigid cystoscopy.Patients and methodsThis study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, and single‐center trial. Men undergoing diagnostic rigid cystoscopy were randomly allocated into one of three groups (n = 86 each): (1) tetracaine gel group (DPNB with saline), (2) DPNB group (DPNB with ropivacaine + plain lubricant), and (3) combination group (DPNB with ropivacaine + tetracaine gel). The primary outcome was visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at cystoscopic inspection of the external sphincter.ResultsVAS (median [interquartile]) at inspection of the external sphincter was significantly lower in both DPNB and combination groups than that in tetracaine gel group (4 [3–6] and 4 [3–5] vs 6 [5–7], P < .0001), with a 33% reduction of median VAS. Overall pain level during procedure was significantly alleviated in the DPNB and combination groups with more stabilized HR and MAP when compared with tetracaine gel group. No adverse events were observed during DPNB including penile hematoma, erection, local anesthetic toxicosis or incompletion of cystoscopy.ConclusionOur study suggests analgesia provided by DPNB with or without tetracaine gel instilled is superior to that provided by tetracaine gel alone in men undergoing diagnostic rigid cystoscopy.Clinical Trials RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02502487.
Is mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production proportional to oxygen consumption? A theoretical consideration
Authors: Hou Chen , Metcalfe Neil B. , Salin Karine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been assumed that at the whole organismal level, the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is proportional to the oxygen consumption. Recently, a number of researchers have challenged this assumption, based on the observation that the ROS production per unit oxygen consumed in the resting state of mitochondrial respiration is much higher than that in the active state. Here, we develop a simple model to investigate the validity of the assumption and the challenge of it. The model highlights the significance of the time budget that mitochondria operate in the different respiration states. The model suggests that under three physiologically possible conditions, the difference in ROS production per unit oxygen consumed between the respiration states does not upset the proportionality between the whole animal ROS production and oxygen consumption. The model also shows that mitochondrial uncoupling generally enhances the proportionality.
Pulmonary fibrosis: Therapeutic and mechanistic insights into the role of phytochemicals
Authors: Hosseini Seyede Atefe , Zahedipour Fatemeh , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the devastating consequence of various inflammatory diseases of the lung. PF leads to a reduction of lung function, respiratory failure, and death. Several molecular pathways are involved in PF, such as inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor β1 (TNFβ1), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and interleukin 4 (IL‐4), reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteases, and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β). Targeting these processes involved in the progression of PF is essential for the treatment of this disease. Natural products, including plant extracts and active compound that directly target the processes involved in PF, could be suitable therapeutic options with less adverse effects. In the present study, we reviewed the protective effects and the therapeutic role of various bioactive compounds from plants in PF management.
Seizures as onset symptoms and rapid course in preschool children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Authors: Liao Shuang , Zhong Min , Zou Nan , Li Tingsong , Jiang Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical features and outcomes of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in younger children are different from those of adults, leading easily to misdiagnosis during the early stage. So far, there are limited data related to SSPE in preschool children.MethodsIn order to summarize the clinical data and evolution of SSPE in preschool children and to expand the phenotypes of SSPE, the medical charts of preschool patients diagnosed with SSPE were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed; the clinical outcomes of the enrolled cases were evaluated and followed up.ResultsOverall, we included three cases in the study. Their onset age was 5 years and 2 months, 4 years and 3 months, and 4 years and 2 months, respectively. All patients presented drop attacks or jerks as the onset symptom, and one patient had concurrent gait disturbance. Atypical periodic complexes on electroencephalography (EEG) were recorded in all patients. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of two cases showed demyelinating lesions predominantly on the white matter. The neurological conditions of all cases deteriorated rapidly. Two children died at 21 months and 6 months after onset, respectively. The other case progressively developed vegetative status and akinetic mutism within 4 months.ConclusionsIn younger children, the characteristic features of SSPE may be seizures and gait instability as onset manifestations, atypical periodic complexes on EEG, and rapid worsening of neurological conditions.
Aberrant central plasticity underlying synchronous sensory phenomena in brachial plexus injuries after contralateral cervical seventh nerve transfer
Authors: Cai Zeyu , Lei Gaowei , Li Jie , Shen Yundong , Gu Yudong , Feng Juntao , Xu Wendong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundsContralateral cervical seventh (C7) nerve transfer aids motor and sensory recovery in total brachial plexus avulsion injuries (TBPI), but synchronous sensation often persists postoperatively. The mechanism underlying synchronous sensory phenomena remain largely unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of central plasticity in sensory recovery after contralateral C7 nerve transfer.MethodsSixteen right TBPI patients who received contralateral C7 nerve transfer for more than 2 years were included. Sensory evaluations included Semmes–Weinstein monofilament assessment (SWM), synchronous sensation test, and sensory evoked action potential (SNAP) test. Smaller value in the SWM assessment and larger amplitude of SNAP indicates better tactile sensory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed while stimulations delivered to each hand separately in block‐design trials for central plasticity analysis.ResultsThe SWM value of the injured right hand was increased compared with the healthy left side (difference: 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.37–2.15, p < .001), and all 16 patients developed synchronous sensation. In functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, sensory representative areas of the injured right hand were located in its ipsilateral S1, and 23.4% of this area overlapped with the representative area of the left hand. The ratio of overlap for each patient was significantly correlated with SWM value and SNAP amplitude of the right hand.ConclusionThe tactile sensory functioning of the injured hand was dominated by its ipsilateral SI in long‐term observation, and its representative area largely overlapped with the representative area of the intact hand, which possibly reflected a key mechanism of synchronous sensation in patients with TBPI after contralateral C7 transfer.
Prospective study of plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 and lung cancer risk in a low‐income population in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Shidal Chris , Yoon Hyung‐Suk , Zheng Wei , Wu Jie , Franke Adrian A. , Blot William J. , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Cai Qiuyin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a ubiquitous molecule in living organisms serving as a cofactor in energy production. Epidemiological studies have reported low CoQ10 levels being associated with an increased risk of various cancers. We conducted the first study to evaluate the association of CoQ10 concentrations with lung cancer risk.MethodsA nested case‐control study including 201 lung cancer cases and 395 matched controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study was conducted. Plasma CoQ10 levels were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography with photo‐diode array detection. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between plasma CoQ10 levels and lung cancer risk.ResultsPlasma CoQ10 concentration was inversely associated with the risk of lung cancer. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status, the OR (95% CI) comparing the third to first tertile was 0.57 (0.36–0.91, P for trend = 0.02). Further adjustments for smoking, alcohol, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and body mass index attenuated the point estimate slightly (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.34–1.08, P for trend = 0.11), comparing third to first tertiles. Stratified analyses identified a significant inverse association between plasma CoQ10 levels and lung cancer risk in current smokers, but not in former/never smokers. The association was more evident in cases who were diagnosed within 1 year of blood draw than in cases diagnosed after 1 year.ConclusionsLow plasma CoQ10 was significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk, particularly among current smokers. The stronger association seen shortly following the blood draw suggests that CoQ10 may be related to disease progression.
Two‐Dimensional Polydopamine Positive Electrodes for High‐Capacity Alkali Metal‐Ion Storage
Authors: Lee Byeongyong , Lee Kyungbin , Li Mochen , Noda Suguru , Lee Seung Woo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRedox‐active organic compounds have attracted substantial attention as charge storage materials, owing to their high theoretical capacity. Herein, a two‐dimensional organic electrode material is prepared by using hydrothermally polymerized dopamine molecules on graphene nanosheets. Two‐dimensional polydopamine is employed as a positive electrode for storing alkali metal ions based on the surface redox reaction between oxygen functional groups and alkali ions. The two‐dimensional polydopamine positive electrodes deliver high capacities of 255 mAh g−1 in Li cells, 150 mAh g−1 in Na cells, and 124 mAh g−1 in K cells at 0.1 A g−1, demonstrating a promising organic positive electrode for rechargeable alkali‐ion batteries.