bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance Use Disorders and Their Correlates Among Inmates in a Sri Lankan Prison
Authors: Hapangama Aruni , Dasanayake G.B.M.S , Kuruppuarachchi K A L A , Pathmeswaran A , de Silva H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
IntroductionSubstance abuse and dependence are common among prison populations. However, there is few data regarding this problem in Sri Lankan. Objective: To determine the prevalence of substance use disorders among inmates in a Sri Lankan prisonMethod: A semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire and ICD 10 clinical diagnostic criteria were applied to 410 randomly selected male and female prisoners in minimum/medium security settings in the largest prison in Sri Lanka.Results: 75.6% (95% CI 71.2 – 79.5) of prisoners had lifetime substance use disorder while 24.4% (95% CI 20.2– 28.6) met criteria for current substance use disorder. 56.8% and 67 % of participants met criteria for lifetime alcohol and tobacco use disorders, respectively, while and 42 %and 25.6% had lifetime cannabis and opioid dependence, respectively. Factors significantly associated with lifetime substance use disorder were male gender, residence in an urban area, younger age and being unemployed or having only temporary employment. 23% of participants who met criteria for dependence were intravenous substance users.Conclusions: Services should be improved in the prison health system to minimize harm from substance use disorders.
A Cytogenetic, Morphological, and Ecological Comparison of Seven Different Species of Achillea.ssp. Accessions in Kurdistan Province, Iran
Authors: Nezhadi Fatemeh , fayaz farzad , Safari Hooshmand , Karami Ezzat , Rahimi Abdol Rahman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We conducted the present study on seven important medicinal species of Achillea (4 replications per species) (in a total of 28 samples) in their natural habitats in two consecutive years (2018, 2019) in terms of morphological, cytogenetic, and ecological aspects. This study aimed to examine the environmental variables affecting the morphology, cytogenetics, and evolution of the plant. The results indicated that the populations had a Ploidy base number (x= 9) and the diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid levels were observed. In addition to the inter-species diversity, there was the intra-species genetic diversity as (4x, 6x) Ac. millefolium (2x, 4x), Ac.vermicularis (2x, 4x), Ac. tenuifolia (2x, 4x), Ac. Alppica(2x) , Ac.talagonica(2x),Ac. biebersteinii, and Ac.wilhelmsii (4x). Further studies also indicated that 11 out of 28 populations had 1A symmetry, 15 populations had 2B symmetry, a population had 2A, and another population had 2B. Principal component analysis (PCA) of cytogenetic variables could not differentiate the species well probably due to the superiority of intra-species diversity of populations to inter-species diversity. Therefore, it seems that the evolution and speciation of this genus are mostly due to the increase or decrease in the amount of chromatin and chromosome length. The examination of principal component analysis in environmental indices also showed that Ac. millefolium hexaploid species was more adapted to the environment with higher percentages of clay and silt while the Ac.tenuifolia tetraploid species preferred a sandy habitat over other environmental factors. Furthermore, Ac.vermicularis tetraploid species indicated the greatest sensitivity to altitude. However, the Ac.biebersteinii tetraploid species reacted to meteorological parameters, such as perception rate and minimum temperature.
Work Engagement and Associated Factors Among Dental Nurses in China
Authors: Wang Yujing , Gao Yuqin , Xun Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim: To identify the level of work engagement among dental nurses in China and explore the correlation between work engagement and psychological characteristics.Background: Work engagement is affected by many factors, level of work engagement among dental nurses is unknown.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 215 dental nurses. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), Chinese Nurse Stressors Scale (CNSS), Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ), Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS) were applied to measure Chinese nurses’ work engagement, job stress, psychological flexibility, perceived social support and subjective well-being respectively. Univariate analysis was used to identify the relationships of work engagement with demographic and psychological characteristics. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to test the variance in work engagement accounted for by factors related to work engagement in the univariate analysis.Results: The level of work engagement in Chinese dental nurses was moderate or above. Work engagement was positively associated with perceived social support, psychological flexibility and subjective well-being but negatively correlated with job stress. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that job stress, psychological flexibility and subjective well-being were significantly correlated with work engagement, which explained 36.2% of the variance in work engagement.Conclusions: Dental nurses in China had an acceptable level of work engagement in terms of vigour, dedication and absorption. Increased job stress would result in lower work engagement. Nurses who had higher levels of psychological flexibility and subjective well-being also had higher work engagement. We should emphasize the job stress of nurses, strengthen support for organizational culture, create a good work environment and interpersonal relationships, relieve nurses’ job stress, improve nurses’ levels of subjective well-being, and thus improve nurses’ work engagement levels.
Evolving Solutions in the Surgical Treatment of Isolated Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
Authors: Albanese Sonia B. , Trezzi Matteo , Pelliccione Elena , Gatta Francesca , Pasqua Alessia Del , Calcagni Giulio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Surgical treatment of isolated pulmonary valve stenosis in infants and children has evolved over the years, shifting from the original exclusive aim at lowering right ventricle pressure to the current concomitant focus on preserving pulmonary valve function. In our study, we sought to analyze the effect of such evolving philosophy on mid-term results.Methods. 123 consecutive patients were treated in our center between 07/1983 and 03/2019. Mean age and weight were 3.0 ± 0.36 years and 16.6 ± 1.7 kg, respectively. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the onset of sparing valve techniques (1995). Short- and long-term mortality, freedom from reintervention on the right outflow tract, transvalvular mean pressure gradient decrease and pulmonary valve insufficiency were analyzed.Results. Early mortality occurred exclusively before 1995 (Group 1, 3.76%, p=ns). Transvalvular mean pressure gradient decreased in the entire patient population (from 63.28 ± 12.9 mmHg to 16.46 ± 7.9 mmHg), but right outflow tract reintervention rate was greater in Group 1 (14.10% vs 2.3%, p = 0.04). At a mean follow-up interval of 4.9 ± 33 years, pulmonary valve insufficiency was severe in 2.47% of patients in Group 1, whereas it was mild to moderate in 33.3% of patients in Group 2, the latter having undergone unsuccessful percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty prior to surgery in the vast majority of cases (14/20 vs 6/22, p=0.023).Conclusions. Current pulmonary valve sparing techniques are associated with better results, both in terms of survival and freedom from re-intervention at follow-up. Balloon valvuloplasty prior to surgery may worsen operative results, promoting pulmonary insufficiency and therefore should probably be avoided in all patients in whom anatomical characteristics predict failure of percutaneous therapy.
Assessment of Drug Proarrhythmicity Using Artificial Neural Network with in Silico Deterministic Model Outputs
Authors: Yoo Yedam , Marcellinus Aroli , Jeong Da Un , Kim Ki-Suk , Lim Ki Moo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Methodologies for predicting the occurrence of torsade de pointes by drugs via computer simulations have been developed and verified recently, as part of the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay initiative. However, the predictive performance still requires improvement. Herein, we propose a deep learning algorithm based on artificial neural networks that receives nine multiple features and ​considers the action potential morphology, calcium concentration morphology, and charge characteristics to further improve drug toxicity evaluation performance. The voltage clamp experimental data for 28 drugs were augmented to 2,000 data entries using an uncertainty quantification technique. By applying these data to the modified Ohara Rudy in silico model, nine features (dVm/dtmax, APresting, APD90, APD50, Caresting, CaD90, CaD50, qNet, and qInward) were predicted. These nine features were used as inputs to an artificial neural network (ANN) model to classify drug toxicity into high-risk, intermediate, and low-risk groups. The model was trained with data of 12 drugs and tested with the data of the remaining 16 drugs. The proposed ANN model demonstrated an AUC of 0.94 in the high-risk group, 0.73 in the intermediate group, and 0.91 in the low-risk group. This is higher than the classification performance of the method proposed in previous studies.
Genetic Associations With Rapid Motor and Cognitive Deterioration in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Cao Ling-Xiao , Piao Yingshan , Huang Yue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors during brain aging. About 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been recently discovered associating with PD, but their associations with PD clinical features have not been fully characterized yet. Methods: Clinical data of 377 patients with PD who enrolled in Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study were obtained. Patients with rapid cognitive or motor progression were determined through clinical assessments over five years follow-up. In addition, genetic information of 50 targeted SNPs was extracted from the genetic database of NeuroX for the same cohort. Genetic associations with rapid motor and cognitive dysfunction of PD were analyzed using SPSS-logistic regression. Results: Among 377 patients with PD, there are more male (31%) than female (17%) prone to have rapid motor progression (p<0.01), who demonstrate 16 points increase in the motor part assessment of MDS-UPDRS. There is no gender difference in rapid cognitive deterioration. Four SNPs (rs11724635, rs12528068, rs591323, rs17649553) were associated with fast cognitive decline (p<0.05) and the extended 50 SNPs researches excellent predicative value of area under curve (AUC) at 0.961. Three SNPs (rs823118, rs10797576, rs12456492) were associated with faster motor progression (p<0.05), and the extended 50 SNPs and gender researches fair prediction of AUC at 0.736. There were multiple genetic associations with initial clinical presentations of PD at baseline as well. Conclusions: Genetic factors contribute to the disease progression as well as the clinical features at the disease onset.
Relationship Between Fluorine-18&nbsp;Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT Uptake and the Plasma Cell Infiltration Rate in the Bone Marrow of Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ganbold Tsengel , Nakagami Yoshihiro , Inamura Kensuke , Misu Yosuke , Arakawa Hiroaki , Ishida Kazuyuki , Kano Daisuke , Hosokawa Shota , Kaji Yasushi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study investigated the relationship between maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) on Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and the plasma cell (PC) proliferation percentage in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Material and methods: Patients clinically and pathologically diagnosed with MM between January 2012 and October 2019 were selected from the database of Dokkyo Medical University Hospital (DMU Hospital), Japan. Patients with other malignancies and those who received chemotherapy and radiation therapy or hematopoietic treatments in the previous 4 weeks and 2-3 months prior to PET/CT scans were excluded from the present study to avoid false uptake. We examined 60 patients (female: male; 27:33; 1:1.22) aged between 37 and 91 years; mean ± SD; 67.3 ± 10.2 years. Hematological and biochemical tests with results on hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), C reactive protein (CRP), beta-2 microglobulin (b2m), creatinine (Cre), albumin (Alb), calcium (Ca), white blood cells (WBC), and red blood cells (RBC) were recorded and evaluated. The percentage of PC in BM biopsy samples was calculated. On PET/CT images, the SUVmax of the region of interest (ROI) of the right anterior iliac crest, the biopsy site, was measured. Relationships were examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient with SPSS.Results: The types of MM diagnosed were IgGk in 31 patients (51.6%), IgGλ in 19 (31.6%), IgAλ in 5 (8.3%), IgAk in 2 (3.3%), IgDλ in 2 (3.3%), and IgDk in 1 (1.6%). According to the Durie-Salmon staging system, 4 patients had stage I, 6 stage II, and 33 stage III, while stages were not recorded in the remaining 17 patients. A positive correlation was observed between FDG uptake and the percentage of PC (r=0.7, p<0.001), but not between FDG uptake and hematological and biochemical parameters in all patients. However, a correlation was observed between FDG uptake and b2m (r=0.596, p=0.004) in 21 patients (35%).Conclusion: Increased FDG uptake by BM correlated with the percentage of PC. PET/CT is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and follow-up of MM patients.
Cluster Analysis of Short Sensory Profile Data Reveals Sensory-based Subgroups in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lyons-Warren Ariel Maia , Wan Ying-Wooi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social interactions and communication. Additional features include restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, and differences in sensory processing. The clinical presentation of patients with ASD is heterogeneous, likely reflecting multiple underlying etiologies. Heterogeneity in presentation and treatment response are barriers to development of precise therapeutic approaches. Therefore, identification of clinically meaningful subgroups within ASD is critical to develop targeted interventions. We hypothesized that sensory features can be used to identify clinically recognizable subgroups with shared underlying etiologies. Methods: Subjects included 378 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who contributed Short Sensory Profile (SSP) data assessing the frequency of sensory behaviors and whole genome sequencing results to the Autism Speaks’ MSSNG database. To determine if the SSP could be used to subgroup individuals with ASD, we performed cluster analysis on responses to all 38 questions, followed by an independent cluster analysis using only a subset of questions selected specifically to assay hyper- and hypo-sensitivity to sensory stimulation. Cross-validation of the resulting clusters determined the final subgroups. To test for shared underlying etiologies, we correlated variant frequency across subgroups for each of 24,896 genes. Variant frequency included any variation in each gene regardless of the type of variant. To be significantly associated with a subgroup, a gene variant frequency had to be greater than four standard deviations (SD) from the mean frequency for all subgroups and 3 SD different from each subgroup.Results: We identified seven distinct sensory-based ASD subgroups. Subgroup 1, characterized by atypical scores in all sensory areas, was not associated with any genes. Subgroups 2, 4 and 6 were significantly associated with four to six genes each. Subgroups 3, 5 and 7 were enriched for 126, 12 and 50 genes, respectively. Limitations: This study was performed using retrospective data that did not include other phenotypic data such as age, comorbidities, or measures of disease severity. All those likely contribute to the variability of the identified subgroupsConclusions: These results support the use of sensory features to identify ASD subgroups with shared genetic mechanisms.
Selecting the Appropriate Carbon Source in the Synthesis of SiC Nano-powders using an Optimized Fuzzy Model
Authors: Zeraati Malihe , Barani Mahmood , Sargazi Ghasem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Different sources of carbon in the synthesis of silicon carbide were evaluated using a multi-attribute group decision making fuzzy model. In this model, the aim was to find the carbon precursor which has the minimum price, highest carbon content, good water solubility, lowest synthesis temperature and the optimum crystallite size. Based on the model results, sugar was the best candidate. Therefore, sugar was selected as carbon source in the synthesis of SiC, also tetraethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS) used as source of Silicon. The XRD and SEM results showed that the SiC powder prepared by this method was fully crystalline and has the average crystallite size of 40 nm, and a flake-like morphology. The synthesis temperature was 800°C, which is a relatively low temperature for synthesis of crystalline SiC. To optimize the carbothermal process, microwave heating and just 15 minutes was enough to form crystalline SiC with this method.
Intrinsic and Acquired Drug Resistance to LSD1 Inhibitors in SCLC Occurs through a TEAD4 Driven Transcriptional State
Authors: Yan Wen , Chung Chi-Yeh , Xie Tao , Ozeck Mark , Nichols Timothy C. , Frey Jessica , Udyavar Akshata R. , Sharma Shikhar , Paul Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSCLC is a heterogeneous disease, consisting of intra-tumoral and inter-tumoral neuroendocrine (ASCL1/NEUROD1), mesenchymal-like, and YAP-driven transcriptional states. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) inhibitors have recently been progressed to clinical trials in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) based on a promising pre-clinical anti-tumor activity. Potential clinical limitation of LSD1 inhibitors are the heterogeneous drug responses that have been observed in SCLC cell lines and patient-derived models. Based on these observations, we studied molecular and transcriptional signatures that predict patient response to this class of drugs. MethodsLSD1 inhibitors, GSK690 and OG-86, were screened in a panel of SCLC cell line models facilitating the computational analysis of differentially expressed gene signatures correlated with intrinsic drug resistance, which were further evaluated experimentally in a SCLC mesenchymal variant form of NCI-H69 cells, NCI-H69V. Adaptive drug resistance was elucidated through bulk RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and single-cell RNA-seq, allowing study of transcriptional reprogramming in response to the drug treatment.ResultsEmploying SCLC patient-derived transcriptional signatures, we define that SCLC cell lines sensitive to LSD1 inhibitors are enriched in neuroendocrine transcriptional markers while cell lines enriched in a mesenchymal-like transcriptional program demonstrate intrinsic resistance to LSD1 inhibitors. We have identified a reversible, adaptive resistance mechanism to LSD1 inhibitors through epigenetic reprogramming to a TEAD4-driven mesenchymal-like state. ConclusionsOur data suggests that only a segment of SCLC patients, with a defined neuroendocrine differentiation state, will likely benefit from LSD1 inhibitors. It provides novel evidence for the selection of a TEAD4-driven mesenchymal-like subpopulation resistant to LSD1 inhibitors in SCLC patients that may require effective drug combinations to sustain effective clinical responses.
Significance of secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitors in pleural fluid for the diagnosis of benign asbestos pleural effusion
Authors: Kishimoto Takumi , Kojima Yoko , Fujimoto Nobukazu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) is a biomarker present in the respiratory tract that protects against tissue destruction and aids wound healing. However, it is difficult to distinguish early-stage malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from benign asbestos pleural effusion (BAPE) presenting as pleural effusion in diagnostic imaging. More biomarkers of pleural effusion are needed to identify early-stage MPM. We examined whether SLPI in pleural effusion can be used to distinguish BAPE from MPM and other conditions that involve pleural effusion.
Methods

We measured levels of SLPI, hyaluronic acid (HA), soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRP), galectin-3, CCL2, and CYFRA21-1 in 51 BAPE patients, 37 MPM patients, 77 patients with pleural effusions due to non-small cell lung cancer (LCa), and 74 patients with other pleural effusions diagnosed at Okayama Rosai Hospital.
Results

SLPI levels in pleural fluid of BAPE patients were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than those in patients with MPM, LCa, and other pleural effusions. The area under curve (AUC) for SLPI’s ability to distinguish BAPE from MPM was 0.902, with a sensitivity of 82.4% and a specificity of 86.5%. These values were not only favorable, but were better than the AUC for the ability to distinguish BAPE from HA (0.802), and SMRP (0.746). Galectin-3 levels were significantly lower in patients with BAPE compared with those in patients with MPM and the other two diseases, whereas CCL2 levels were significantly higher in patients with BAPE compared with patients with MPM and the other two diseases. Moreover, CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly lower in BAPE patients compared with levels in patients with MPM and LCa. Using these six markers enabled BAPE to be distinguished from MPM and other diseases. As a single marker, SLPI proved to be superior to HA and SMRP for the diagnosis of BAPE.
Conclusions

The measurement of pleural fluid SLPI as well as HA and SMRP is useful as a biomarker to diagnose BAPE, which needs to be distinguished from early-stage MPM.
The Effect of Rumen Microbiota in The Susceptibility of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Mu Ruiying , Maimaiti Tuniyazi. , Gao Jian , Zhao Caijun , Cao Yongguo , Fu Yunhe , Zhang Naisheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a well-recognized metabolic disease that has negative impact on the animal performance and health. SARA in cows is mainly caused by long-term high-concentration diet (HCD) feeding, however, some cows are so well adapted to the HCD that do not develop such condition while others are more susceptible. We speculated the difference may be associated with the rumen microbiota community. Here, we analyzed the rumen bacterial and fungal microbiota from SARA-resistance and SARA-prone cows before and after feeding with HCD for six weeks. Results: The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the rumen bacterial community in SARA-prone cows had lower bacterial diversity and higher relative abundance of unidentified_Spirochaetaceae and Anaeroplasma comparing to those of SARA-resistance cow. Moreover, the abundance of Stenotrophomonas were increased in SARA-positive compared to SARA-negative cows. In addition, the ITS1-IF sequencing analysis indicated that the abundance of Fusarium_oxysporum and Papiliotrema_laurentii were different in SARA-prone and SARA-resistance cows. Furthermore, feeding with HCD significantly increased the Sarocladium_zea, Meyerozyma_caribbica, and Fusarium_oxysporum, while decreaed Wallemia_sebi in rumen microbiota. These results suggested that the abundance of unidentified_Spirochaetaceae, Anaeroplasma, Fusarium_oxysporum, and Papiliotrema_laurentii in rumen maybe connected to the susceptibility of SARA in dairy cows. In addition, SARA provocation was increased the pathogenic Stenotrophomonas, Sarocladium_zea, Meyerozyma_caribbica, and Fusarium_oxysporum in rumen. Conclusions: This study suggested that manipulating rumen microbiota will serve as a novel approach for preventing the development of SARA in dairy cows in future studies.