bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An online discussion between students and teachers: a way forward for meaningful teacher feedback?
Authors: Hunukumbure Agra Dilshani , Horner Philippa Jane , Fox Jonathan , Thakerar Viral 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Student evaluation is an essential component in feedback processes in faculty and learner development. Ease of use and low cost have made paper evaluation forms a popular method within teaching programmes, but they are often seen as a formality, offering variable value towards the improvement of teaching. Students report poor motivation to engage with existing feedback tools whilst teachers describe receiving vague, contradicting, or irrelevant information.
We believe that feedback for teachers needs to be a two-way process, similar to feedback for students, for it to be effective. An online feedback tool has been implemented for third-year medical students from Imperial College London to promote open discussion between teachers and students. The feedback tool is accessible throughout students’ clinical attachment with the option of maintaining anonymity. We aim to explore the benefits and challenges of this online feedback tool and assess its value as a method for teacher feedback.

Methods
Qualitative data was obtained from both volunteer third-year medical students of Imperial College London and Clinical Teaching Fellows using three focus groups and a questionnaire. Data was analysed through iterative coding and thematic analysis to provide over-arching analytical themes.

Results
Twenty-nine students trialled this feedback tool with 17 responding to the evaluative questionnaire. Four over-arching themes were identified: reasons for poor participation with traditional feedback tools; student motivators to engage with ‘open feedback’; evaluative benefits from open feedback; concerns and barriers with open feedback.

Conclusion
This feedback tool provides a platform for two-way feedback by encouraging open, transparent discussion between teachers and learners. It gives a unique insight into both teachers and peers’ perspectives. Students engage better when their responses are acknowledged by the teachers. We elaborate on the benefits and challenges of public open feedback and approaches to consider in addressing the self-censorship of critical comments.
A comprehensive survey of developmental programs reveals a dearth of tree-like lineage graphs and ubiquitous regeneration
Authors: Mani Somya , Tlusty Tsvi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Multicellular organisms are characterized by a wide diversity of forms and complexity despite a restricted set of key molecules and mechanisms at the base of organismal development. Development combines three basic processes—asymmetric cell division, signaling, and gene regulation—in a multitude of ways to create this overwhelming diversity of multicellular life forms. Here, we use a generative model to test the limits to which such processes can be combined to generate multiple differentiation paths during development, and attempt to chart the diversity of multicellular organisms generated.

Results
We sample millions of biologically feasible developmental schemes, allowing us to comment on the statistical properties of cell differentiation trajectories they produce. We characterize model-generated “organisms” using the graph topology of their cell type lineage maps. Remarkably, tree-type lineage differentiation maps are the rarest in our data. Additionally, a majority of the “organisms” generated by our model appear to be endowed with the ability to regenerate using pluripotent cells.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that, in contrast to common views, cell type lineage graphs are unlikely to be tree-like. Instead, they are more likely to be directed acyclic graphs, with multiple lineages converging on the same terminal cell type. Furthermore, the high incidence of pluripotent cells in model-generated organisms stands in line with the long-standing hypothesis that whole body regeneration is an epiphenomenon of development. We discuss experimentally testable predictions of our model and some ways to adapt the generative framework to test additional hypotheses about general features of development.
Association between MTNR1B polymorphisms and obesity in African American: findings from the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Tchio Cynthia , Musani Solomon K. , Quarshie Alexander , Tosini Gianluca 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted at night by the pineal gland. It exerts its function by binding to the MT1 and MT2 receptors, which are encoded by the MTNR1A and MTNR1B genes, respectively. Previous studies reveal that MTNR1B variants are associated with insulin secretion impairments and an increased body mass index (BMI) in individuals of European and Asian ancestries. Obesity is highly prevalent in the US and disproportionately affects African Americans. Here, we hypothesized that common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed in 1000 Genomes in the MTNR1B gene are associated with adiposity in African American adult men and women and that the association is modified by insomnia.

Methods
We used an additive genetic model to describe the association between the adiposity traits (BMI and waist circumference) and selected MTNR1B variants in 3,029 Jackson Heart Study participants, with an average age of 55.13 ± 12.84 years, and 62% were women. We regressed the adiposity measures on the estimated allelic or genotypic dosage at every selected SNP and adjusted for age, sex, population stratification, and insomnia. Thirty common SNPs, spanning the MTNR1B gene, with a minor allele frequency ≥ 5%, a call rate ≥ 90%, a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium p value > 10–6, were available for the analysis.

Results
The allele T of rs76371840 was associated with adiposity (OR = 1.47 [1.13—1.82]; PFDR-adjusted = 0.0499), and the allele A of rs8192552 showed a significant association with waist circumference (β = 0.023 ± 0.007; PFDR-adjusted = 0.0077) after correcting for multiple testing. When insomnia was included in the adiposity analysis model, the following four variants became significantly associated with adiposity: rs6483208; rs4388843; rs4601728; and rs12804291.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that polymorphisms in the MTNR1B gene are associated with obesity traits in African Americans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the effect of insomnia on the association between the circadian MTNR1B genetic variants and metabolic traits in an African American sample population. We observed that insomnia affected the association between the MTNR1B variants and adiposity.
Estimates of epidemiology, mortality and disease burden associated with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease in France (the PROGRESS study)
Authors: Nasser Mouhamad , Larrieu Sophie , Boussel Loic , Si-Mohamed Salim , Bazin Fabienne , Marque Sébastien , Massol Jacques , Thivolet-Bejui Françoise , Chalabreysse Lara , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Hachulla Eric , Jouneau Stéphane , Le Lay Katell , Cottin Vincent 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology, survival estimates and healthcare resource utilisation and associated costs of patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) in France. An algorithm for extracting claims data was developed to indirectly identify and describe patients with PF-ILD in the French national administrative healthcare database.

Methods
The French healthcare database, the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS), includes data related to ambulatory care, hospitalisations and death for 98.8% of the population. In this study, algorithms based on age, diagnosis and healthcare consumption were created to identify adult patients with PF-ILD other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis between 2010 and 2017. Incidence, prevalence, survival estimates, clinical features and healthcare resource usage and costs were described among patients with PF-ILD.

Results
We identified a total of 14,413 patients with PF-ILD. Almost half of them (48.1%) were female and the mean (± standard deviation) age was 68.4 (± 15.0) years. Between 2010 and 2017, the estimated incidence of PF-ILD ranged from 4.0 to 4.7/100,000 person-years and the estimated prevalence from 6.6 to 19.4/100,000 persons. The main diagnostic categories represented were exposure-related ILD other than hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 3486; 24.2%), idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (n = 3113; 21.6%) and rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD (n = 2521; 17.5%). Median overall survival using Kaplan–Meier estimation was 3.7 years from the start of progression. During the study, 95.2% of patients had ≥ 1 hospitalisation for respiratory care and 34.3% were hospitalised in an intensive care unit. The median (interquartile range) total specific cost per patient during the follow-up period was €25,613 (10,622–54,287) and the median annual cost per patient was €18,362 (6856–52,026), of which €11,784 (3003–42,097) was related to hospitalisations. Limitations included the retrospective design and identification of cases through an algorithm in the absence of chest high-resolution computed tomography scans and pulmonary function tests.

Conclusions
This large, real-world, longitudinal study provides important insights into the characteristics, epidemiology and healthcare resource utilisation and costs associated with PF-ILD in France using a comprehensive and exhaustive database, and provides vital evidence that PF-ILD represents a high burden on both patients and healthcare services.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03858842. ISRCTN, ISRCTN12345678. Registered 3 January 2019—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03858842
The assessment of risk factors for long-term survival outcome in ypN0 patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and radical anterior resection
Authors: Zeman Marcin , Czarnecki Marek , Chmielik Ewa , Idasiak Adam , Skałba Władysław , Strączyński Mirosław , Paul Piotr J. , Czarniecka Agnieszka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The main negative prognostic factors in patients with rectal cancer after radical treatment include regional lymph node involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. However, some patients still develop cancer recurrence despite the absence of the above risk factors.
The aim of the study was to assess clinicopathological factors influencing long-term oncologic outcomes in ypN0M0 rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and radical anterior resection.

Methods
A retrospective survival analysis was performed on a group of 195 patients. We assessed clinicopathological factors which included tumor regression grade, number of lymph nodes in the specimen, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL).

Results
In the univariate analysis, AL and CCI > 3 had a significant negative impact on disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). After the division of ALs into early and late ALs, it was found that only patients with late ALs had a significantly worse survival. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CCI > 3 was a significant adverse risk factor for DFS (HR 5.78, 95% CI 2.15–15.51, p < 0.001), DSS (HR 7.25, 95% CI 2.25–23.39, p < 0.001), and OS (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.72–8.85, p = 0.001). Similarly, late ALs had a significant negative impact on the risk of DFS (HR 5.05, 95% CI 1.97–12.93, p < 0.001), DSS (HR 10.84, 95% CI 3.44–34.18, p < 0.001), and OS (HR 4.3, 95% CI 1.94–9.53, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Late AL and CCI > 3 are the factors that may have an impact on long-term oncologic outcomes. The impact of lymph node yield on understaging was not demonstrated.
From simple and specific zymographic detections to the annotation of a fungus Daldinia caldariorum D263 that encodes a wide range of highly bioactive cellulolytic enzymes
Authors: Lin Meng-Chun , Kuo Hsion-Wen , Kao Mu-Rong , Lin Wen-Dar , Li Chen-Wei , Hung Kuo-Sheng , Yang Sheng-Chih , Yu Su-May , Ho Tuan-Hua David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Lignocellulolytic enzymes are essential for agricultural waste disposal and production of renewable bioenergy. Many commercialized cellulase mixtures have been developed, mostly from saprophytic or endophytic fungal species. The cost of complete cellulose digestion is considerable because a wide range of cellulolytic enzymes is needed. However, most fungi can only produce limited range of highly bioactive cellulolytic enzymes. We aimed to investigate a simple yet specific method for discovering unique enzymes so that fungal species producing a diverse group of cellulolytic enzymes can be identified.

Results
The culture medium of an endophytic fungus, Daldinia caldariorum D263, contained a complete set of cellulolytic enzymes capable of effectively digesting cellulose residues into glucose. By taking advantage of the unique product inhibition property of β-glucosidases, we have established an improved zymography method that can easily distinguish β-glucosidase and exoglucanase activity. Our zymography method revealed that D263 can secrete a wide range of highly bioactive cellulases. Analyzing the assembled genome of D263, we found over 100 potential genes for cellulolytic enzymes that are distinct from those of the commercially used fungal species Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. We further identified several of these cellulolytic enzymes by mass spectrometry.

Conclusions
The genome of Daldinia caldariorum D263 has been sequenced and annotated taking advantage of a simple yet specific zymography method followed by mass spectrometry analysis, and it appears to encode and secrete a wide range of bioactive cellulolytic enzymes. The genome and cellulolytic enzyme secretion of this unique endophytic fungus should be of value for identifying active cellulolytic enzymes that can facilitate conversion of agricultural wastes to fermentable sugars for the industrial production of biofuels.
Hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome with a novel mutation in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B gene in a Japanese family: two case reports
Authors: Hirose Rei , Tsurutani Yuya , Sugisawa Chiho , Inoue Kosuke , Suematsu Sachiko , Nagata Maki , Hasegawa Naoki , Kakuta Yukio , Yonamine Masato , Takekoshi Kazuhiro , Kimura Noriko , Saito Jun , Nishikawa Tetsuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPheochromocytoma and paraganglioma caused by succinate dehydrogenase gene mutations is called hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome. In particular, succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutations are important because they are strongly associated with the malignant behavior of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma . This is a case report of a family of hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome carrying a novel mutation in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B.Case presentationA 19-year-old Japanese woman, whose father died of metastatic paraganglioma, was diagnosed with abdominal paraganglioma, and underwent total resection. Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B genetic testing detected a splice-site mutation, c.424-2delA, in her germline and paraganglioma tissue. Afterwards, the same succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation was detected in her father’s paraganglioma tissues.In silicoanalysis predicted the mutation as “disease causing.” She is under close follow-up, and no recurrence or metastasis has been observed for 4 years since surgery.ConclusionsWe detected a novel succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation, c.424-2delA, in a Japanese family afflicted with hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome and found the mutation to be responsible for hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome. This case emphasizes the importance of performing genetic testing for patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma suspected of harboring the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B mutation (that is, metastatic, extra-adrenal, multiple, early onset, and family history of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma) and offer surveillance screening to mutation carriers.
On instability of Rayleigh–Taylor problem for incompressible liquid crystals under $L^{1}$-norm
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Lin Xueyun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate the nonlinear Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability of a nonhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal in the presence of a uniform gravitational field. We first analyze the linearized equations around the steady state solution. Thus we construct solutions of the linearized problem that grow in time in the Sobolev space $H^{4}$

H
4

, then we show that the RT equilibrium state is linearly unstable. With the help of the established unstable solutions of the linearized problem and error estimates between the linear and nonlinear solutions, we establish the nonlinear instability of the density, the horizontal and vertical velocities under $L^{1}$

L
1

-norm.
Clinical features and prognostic factors of intensive and non-intensive 1014 COVID-19 patients: an experience cohort from Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhumaid Saad , Al Mutair Abbas , Al Alawi Zainab , Al Salman Khulud , Al Dossary Nourah , Omar Ahmed , Alismail Mossa , Al Ghazal Ali M. , Jubarah Mahdi Bu , Al Shaikh Hanan , Al Mahdi Maher M. , Alsabati Sarah Y. , Philip Dayas K. , Alyousef Mohammed Y. , Al Brahim Abdulsatar H. , Al Athan Maitham S. , Alomran Salamah A. , Ahmed Hatim S. , Al-Shammari Haifa , Elhazmi Alyaa , Rabaan Ali A. , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Al-Omari Awad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic and has placed significant demand for acute and critical care services on hospitals in many countries.

Objectives
To determine the predictors of severe COVID-19 disease requiring admission to an ICU by comparing patients who were ICU admitted to non-ICU groups.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted for the laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted to six Saudi Ministry of Health’s hospitals in Alahsa, between March 1, 2020, and July 30, 2020, by reviewing patient’s medical records retrospectively.

Results
This cohort included 1014 patients with an overall mean age of 47.2 ± 19.3 years and 582 (57%) were males. A total of 205 (20%) of the hospitalized patients were admitted to the ICU. Hypertension, diabetes and obesity were the most common comorbidities in all study patients (27.2, 19.9, and 9%, respectively). The most prevalent symptoms were cough (47.7%), shortness of breath (35.7%) and fever (34.3%). Compared with non-ICU group, ICU patients had older age (p ≤ 0.0005) and comprised a higher proportion of the current smokers and had higher respiratory rates (p ≤ 0.0005), and more percentage of body temperatures in the range of 37.3–38.0 °C (p ≥ 0.0005); and had more comorbidities including diabetes (p ≤ 0.0005), hypertension (p ≥ 0.0005), obesity (p = 0.048), and sickle cell disease (p = 0.039). There were significant differences between the non-ICU and ICU groups for fever, shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, vomiting, dizziness; elevated white blood cells, neutrophils, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin, and decreased hemoglobin; and proportion of abnormal bilateral chest CT images (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found for multiple treatments (p < 0.05). ICU patients group had a much higher mortality rate than those with non-ICU admission (p ≤ 0.0005).

Conclusion
Identifying key clinical characteristics of COVID-19 that predict ICU admission and high mortality can be useful for frontline healthcare providers in making the right clinical decision under time-sensitive and resource-constricted environment.
Men and muscularity research: a review
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Johnson Kim K. P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the past 25 years, understanding males’ interest in and outcomes of muscularity has developed into a major area of study. Research has been fueled by the development of measures of both the attitudinal and behavioral aspects of a desire to increase muscularity. Our research purpose was to critically assess muscularity research. Using a database search, the ancestry approach, and searching key journals, we identified empirical refereed journal articles with men as participants published from 2000 to 2019 to serve as our data. Our analyses revealed several individual characteristics (e.g., perfectionism, holding to traditional masculine norms) and socio-cultural influences (e.g., media, verbal commentary) that fueled men’s desire to be muscular. In experimental research, exposure to muscular male ideal images has resulted in low body image scores for young men in investigations that utilized pre-test, post-test designs. In survey research, muscularity was positively related to several risky behaviors or behaviors that could become risky if taken to the extreme. Overall, the reviewed research was conducted in western countries and researchers primarily utilized non-probability samples of undergraduate men. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Cross-sectional evaluation of clinical and immunological parameters at partially microgrooved vs machined abutments in humans
Authors: Iglhaut Gerhard , Salomon Sebastian , Fretwurst Tobias , Thomas Peter , Endres Janina , Kessler Selina , Summer Burkhard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
The objective of the present study was to examine the clinical and immunological parameters in samples collected from the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of machined titanium (M) abutments compared to titanium abutments with a laser-microtextured surface (LMS) on dental implants.

Material and methods
A total of 40 patients with one titanium implant, half of them (n=20) provided with a M abutment (control group) and the other half (n=20) with LMS abutments (test group), were included in the study. Clinical parameters pocket probing depth (PD), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), radiographic bone loss (RBL), clinical attachment level (CAL), mucosal recession (MR), bleeding on probing (BOP), and width of keratinized mucosa (KM) were evaluated. The peri-implant sulcus fluid was analyzed for cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 via flow cytometry.

Results
Clinical evaluation demonstrated no significant difference of PD (mean LMS = 3.50 mm/SD 0.95 mm vs mean M = 3.45 mm/SD 0.76 mm (p=0.855)), MR (mean LMS = 0.30 mm/SD 0.57 mm vs mean M = 0.35 mm/SD 0.67 mm (p=0.801)), CAL (mean LMS = 3.60 mm/SD 1.14 mm vs mean M = 3.55 mm/SD 0.89 mm (p=0.878)), and KM (mean LMS = 2.03 mm/SD 1.08 mm vs mean M = 2.13 mm/SD 0.92 mm (p=0.754)) between LMS and M abutments. LMS abutments showed less BOP than M abutments (26.7% vs 30.8%), but statistically not significant (p = 0.2235). Radiographic bone loss (mean LMS = 0.22 mm/SD 0.44 mm vs mean M = 0.59 mm/SD 0.49 mm) was reduced in the test group in comparison with the control group (p=0.016). In the collected PICF, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α (median LMS = 180.8 pg/ml vs M = 200.9 pg/ml (p=0.968)) and IL-1β (median LMS = 60.43 pg/ml vs M = 83.11 pg/ml (p=0.4777)) were lower, and the levels of IL-6 (median LMS = 180.8 pg/ml vs M = 200.9 pg/ml (p<0.0001)) were significantly lower in the test group. In contrast, the levels of IL-8 (median LMS = 255.7 pg/ml vs M = 178.7 pg/ml (p=0.3306)) were higher in the test group, though not significantly. The levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 were significantly increased in the test group (LMS median = 0.555 pg/ml vs M median = 0.465 pg/ml (p=0.0365)). IL-1β showed a significant correlation to radiologic bone loss (p=0.0024). The other variables IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 had no significant correlation to radiological bone loss.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, titanium implants provided with laser-microtextured surface abutments seem to demonstrate less pro-inflammatory and more anti-inflammatory activity and to show reduced radiographic bone loss compared to machined titanium abutments.

Clinical relevance
The use of laser-microtextured surface abutments might have the potential to support peri-implant tissue health.