bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Infrapopliteal Angioplasty in Advanced Diabetic Ischemic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Sebastian Jithin Jagan , Ayyappan MK , Rajendra Naveen , Mathur Kapil , Kumar Arun , Reddy Athirath , Raju Radhakrishnan 
Published: April 2021

Aims:
Diabetic patients in India present late in advanced stages of tissue loss and isolated occlusive infrapopliteal disease. We aim to determine the outcomes of angioplasty in these patients with SINBAD score >3 and infrapopliteal disease presenting with critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and tissue loss.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, observational, single-center study was carried out of diabetic patients with infrapopliteal occlusive disease who underwent angioplasty for CLTI and tissue loss. Transatlantic society consensus (TASC) - classification was used for staging. Ischemia and Peripheral Artery Calcium Scoring was used to assess peripheral calcium. The patients were followed up till their ulcer healed and then every six months.

Results:
A total of 73 diabetic patients underwent angioplasty for CLTI. 21.8% (16/73) all-cause mortality was seen during the study. The average age was 68.9 years with 78.9% males. The average time to presentation was 55 days. 61.3% of patients had TASC C or D lesions. Technical success was achieved in 94.5% of patients. 27.4% of patients underwent angioplasty of multiple tibial vessels. The mean duration of follow-up was 2 years. 62.5% of patients had their ulcers completely heal in 6 months. Six patients went on to have major amputation. The amputation-free period was 500 days in this patient group. Ulcer healing was found to be dependent on successful revascularization.

Conclusion:
Mortality is seen in 1 in 10 and morbidity in 1 in 5 patients. It is difficult to accurately prognosticate healing in these patients. Successful revascularization is the only factor affecting healing in these patients.
Study of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with glycemic control
Authors: Menezes Valerie , Usgaonkar Ugam P. S. , Nagvenkar Akshaya 
Published: April 2021

Context:
The retina of diabetic patients undergoes neurodegenerative changes, in addition to the vascular changes. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients compared to healthy controls, using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to correlate it with glycemic control.

Settings and Design:
Prospective study.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study. The study group included 120 eyes of 60 type 2 DM patients. Sixty eyes of 30 healthy participants served as the control group. All patients underwent an OCT scan for peripapillary RNFL thickness measurement. Metabolic control of DM was assessed using glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Statistical Analysis Used: Independent sample t-test was used for normally distributed variables. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between HbA1c and RNFL thickness.

Results:
Right eye RNFL thickness was thinner in diabetic patients than controls, with a statistically significant P value (P = 0.002) in the superior quadrant and inferior quadrant (P = 0.019). The average, superior, and inferior RNFL thickness in the left eye was significantly thinner in diabetic patients as compared to controls (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001 respectively). No significant correlation was found between HbA1c and RNFL thickness.

Conclusions:
The peripapillary RNFL is thinner in diabetic patients as compared to controls. This is the first study of its kind, among diabetic patients in Goa, which makes this study unique.
Effect of high myopia on macular thickness
Authors: Choudhary Arathi , Venkatesh Raksha Halmuthur , Jayashree M. P. , Surendrappa Hamsa Dyamenahalli , Divya R. , Darshini L. M. 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
The aim is to study the correlation of high myopia with macular thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design:
Case control study.

Subjects and Methods:
Sixty patients visiting outpatient department, Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital, were enrolled in the study. The macular thickness of 30 high myopes and 30 emmetropes was measured using OCT. All high myopes had a spherical equivalent of ≥-6.0 Diopters (D) and intraocular pressure <21 mmHg. All the participants were chosen after excluding other ophthalmic diseases or any history of ocular or refractive surgery.

Statistical Analysis:
Variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Unpaired and Paired t-test were used. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The para and perifoveal retinal thickness were significantly thin in high myopic eyes as compared to emmetropic eyes. The central foveal thickness was 298.93 ± 38.813 μm in high myopes and 224.63 ± 16.439 μm in emmetropes, which was statistically significant P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
The macular thickness was significantly decreased in myopic eyes compared to emmetropic eyes. However, the central foveal thickness was significantly high in high myopes. Therefore, the analysis of macular thickness in the evaluation of macular diseases or glaucoma should be considered based on refractive errors and the location of measurement.
Evaluation of the activity of alpha amylase and antioxidant potential formulations of three varieties of oyster mushrooms: Pulmonarius , floridanus and sajor-caju
Authors: Mbang Mbarga Audrey Judith , Etoundi Omgba Cunégonde Blanche , Djessissem Rodolphe , Kana Sop Marie Modestine 
Published: April 2021

Le présent travail a pour but d’apporter une contribution à l’amélioration du traitement contre le diabète. Pour ce faire, trois variétés de champignons comestibles du genre pleurote ont été mélangées (ou formulées) afin d’étudier le potentiel antioydant des extraits bruts issus de ces champignons formulés par les tests DPPH, FRAP et Folin et d’en déterminer ensuite l’influence de ces extraits sur l’activité de l’alpha amylase. En termes de résultats, on a obtenu 4 formulations et 16 extraits. Pour ce qui est du test antioxydant, le test par le DPPH a permis d’obtenir un meilleur IC50 de 4,77 mg/ml contre 0,61 mg/ml chez le standard. Aussi, pour ce qui est du test de FRAP on a obtenu des extraits qui présentent une activité supérieure au standard avec des valeurs de 2853,33mgEC/g et de 2805,94mgEC/g contre 2781,85 mgEC/g du standard. Et, pour ce qui est du test de Folin, bien que le standard a présenté un taux de 57,03±0,55mgEC/g, les extraits renferment néanmoins une bonne teneur en composés phénoliques avec un taux de 37,89±1,48mgEC/g pour l’extrait le plus riche en composés phénoliques. Enfin, pour ce qui est du test de l’alpha amylase, les extraits précisément aqueux, éthanolique et hydroéthanolique de chaque formulation ont présentés une meilleure activité inhibitrice que le standard. Ces résultats suggèrent que les extraits issus des champignons formulés présentent une activité antioxydante considérable et une bonne capacité à inhiber l’activité de l’alpha amylase.
Mots clés : Diabète, champignons pleurotes, antioxydants et alpha amylase
Knowledge of cholera and its prevention amongst urban residents of a district in Abuja: The pivotal role of health education
Authors: Anetor G.O. , Abraham F. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Cholera is endemic in many Africa countries including Nigeria, where it is still endemic despite all the control measures put in place. It is still a disease of public health importance. The northern parts of Nigeria been implicated in the recent spike in cholera cases in Nigeria. Durumi, one of the communities in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) has been observed to have cases of cholera in recent times but with paucity of data on the occurrence of the disease in Durumi. This study examined the knowledge of cholera and its prevention amongst the residents of Durumi to get baseline information and ascertain the role of health education in curtailing cholera in the community.Methods: A Descriptive (cross-sectional) survey design. Multistage sampling was used to select 360 participants (171 females and 159 males) and a self-developed validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages and inferential statistics of Chi-square to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significant levels.Results: Knowledge of cholera significant (p-value .000<0.05); age group below 50 years contributed higher percentage scores than those above 50 years old. Awareness of preventive measures to cholera also significant (p-value .000<0.05); the age group below 50 years contributed higher scores than those above 50 years old. Findings suggest insufficient knowledge and awareness of preventive measures of cholera for age > 50 years.Conclusion: Durumi residents appear to have adequate knowledge and awareness of cholera preventive measures. Targeted health education may be employed to prevent cholera in Durumi.
Keywords: Cholera, knowledge, prevention, Abuja, health education
Triphala improves glucose homeostasis by alleviating atherogenic lipids and oxidative stress in human Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Singh Nita , Mahajan Sunil , Subramani Senthil K , Yadav Dhananjay , Singh Lokendra , GBKS Prasad 
Published: April 2021

Aims: â€˜Triphalaâ€™ constituting equal parts of three medicinal dried plant fruits Emblica Officinalis Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz. and Terminalia bellerica Gaertn. is an antioxidant rich Ayurvedic formulation. The present study assessed therapeutic as well as protective effects of Triphala on human subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Â Materials and methods: Triphala at a dose of 5 gms BD was administered to two cohorts viz., IGT, N= 20 and T2DM, N=30 consecutively for a period of 12 months. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed quarterly by monitoring blood glucose and lipid levels; the protective effect by monitoring antioxidants level quarterly and DNA damage annually. Toxicity if any, to liver and kidney due to long term administration was assessed quarterly in both cohorts.Results: Continuous â€˜Triphalaâ€™ therapy for 12 months significantly reduced blood glucose (pâ‰¤0.001) and lipid levels (pâ‰¤0.05) in both the cohorts. Triphala resisted oxidative stress generated during the course of hyperglycemia by significantly increasing the activity of super oxide dismutase and Catalase (pâ‰¤0.001) and the level of reduced glutathione (pâ‰¤0.001). Protective effect on DNA was accessed through significant reduction in the comet tail length (pâ‰¤0.001).Conclusions: â€˜Triphalaâ€™ ameliorated not only the oxidative stress but also normalized glucose and lipid homeostasis in subjects with impaired glucose and T2DM.Â
Observational study of Sara - Asara Parikshana - specially â€œMajja Sara - Parikshanaâ€
Authors: D Phatak Shruti 
Published: April 2021

In Charaka Samhita 10 assessment criteria are described to judge the strength and immunity of a diseased person which are called as â€˜ Dashavidha Parikshaâ€™. Sara Lakshana of all seven dhatus along with Satva sara are described under it.This study mainly focussed to screen and assess Majja sara Lakshana. Majja is 6th dhatu among 7 dhatus by order. Total 17 characteristics were compiled mainly from Brihattrayi. In this study population of 100 individuals were screened for Sara parikshana and also for â€˜Majja saraâ€™ based on the results of basic screening of Sara Parikshana. The participants who were found â€˜Majja saraâ€™ by even minimum oneÂ characteristic were further evaluated by marking method on basis of the exclusiveness of the present characteristics. The results of this were analysed further to get clear view about grade ( Uttama,Madhyama,Alpa,Asara ) of the Sarata depending upon the exclusiveness of the characteristics.Majja Dhatu by order is 6th dhatu, is called â€˜gambhirâ€™ (deeper) dhatu. That might be the reason, Sarata of this dhatu has very rareÂ occurrence. In this study 100 participants were screened for general Sara Parikshana. Among them only 12 individuals were foundÂ having Madhyam Majja sara lakshana. Remaining 88 fell in category of Alpa Majja sara individuals. Madhyam sara individuals were showing very high occurrence of exclusive Majja sara lakshana (above 80% ). So the quality ofÂ their Majjasarata is definitely superior.Â
A Phytopharmacological Review of Prospective of Bhrungaraj (Eclipta alba Hassk.)
Authors: Shekokar Sanjivani , Nayak Shraddha U 
Published: April 2021

Eclipta alba Hassk.(compositeae) is an important small branched annual herbaceous plant in AyurvedaÂ Â described first byÂ Bhavprakasha and is widely used for treating various ailments in the Indian system of medicine. Aim: Aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the pharmacological activities of various part of Eclipta alba Hassk. Setting and design: This is a contribution which provides a comprehensive review on ethnomedicinal uses, chemical composition, and the pharmacological profile of Eclipta alba Hassk. as an important medicinal plant. Material and methods: All the relevant universally accepted electronic databases were searched with respect to the terms â€œBhrungarajâ€, â€œFalse Daisyâ€, â€œEclipta erecta,â€, â€œEclipta prostate,â€, â€œVerbesina alba, â€& Verbesina prostrateâ€ including Indian classical texts, pharmacopoeias, Ayurvedic books, journals, etc., for information without specific timeline. Complete information of the plant has been collected manually. Result and conclusion: The collected data reflects that many ethnoâ€‘medicinal claims have been confirmed through the modern inâ€‘vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies using different extracts and their isolates of Eclipta alba Hassk. The isolation of active constituents, their biological actions, clinical safety and validation of traditional uses of Eclipta alba could provide leads for further scientific research. The information collected here will be useful to setâ€‘up research protocols for modern drugs and Ayurvedic formulation development.Â
Comparative Evaluation of Analgesic, Antipyretic & Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Various Extracts of Dried Fruit of Illicium verum Hook.f (Star anise) in Rodents
Authors: TUSEEF Hafiza , RAZA Muhammad Liaquat , ASSAD Tahira 
Published: April 2021

The current investigation was designed to evaluate the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects of various extracts (methanol, ethanol, and aqueous) of dried fruit of Illicium verum hook.f, using 3 different doses (150, 250, and 350 mg/kg p.o) to verify the traditional uses of this spice. In the hot plate model of analgesia, ethanol extract showed a significant reduction in pain in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control group. The maximum effect was observed at 350 mg/kg dosage i.e., 16.90±0.17 s compared to the control group i.e., 5.03±0.05 s. The antipyretic activity was assessed in rats by Brewer’s yeast induction. The methanol and ethanol extracts produced a significant reduction in rectal temperature compared to the control group throughout the three doses. The maximum effect was observed at 350 mg/kg dosage of ethanol extract i.e., 37.1±0.8* compared to the control i.e., 39.1±0.3. In the paw edema model, methanol and ethanol extracts disclosed a significant reduction in paw edema at 350 mg/kg of dose. The maximum effect was observed at 350 mg/kg dosage of ethanol extract i.e., 0.25±0.23* compared to the control i.e., 0.97±0.4. In a behavioral study, locomotor activity (rearing) and exploratory activity (grooming) in mice was reduced significantly at higher doses (350 mg/kg p.o) involving the three extracts. However, scratching was increased non-significantly at all doses compared to the control group. This study concluded that various extracts of Illicium verum hook.f showed significant analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects at different doses in a dose-dependent manner with varying potencies. The ethanol extract was found to be more potent among all, followed by methanol and aqueous extracts, whereas maximum effects were observed at 350 mg/kg of dose.
OH point defects in quartz – a review
Authors: Stalder Roland 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Research results of the past 6 decades on the incorporation of OH point defects in quartz are summarised and evaluated in terms of their application to natural samples and processes, and a link between experimental petrology, natural archives, and model calculations is made. A strong focus is put on recent studies on quartz as a rock-forming mineral, as a geochemical and/or petrological tracer, and as a tool for provenance analysis in sediments and sedimentary rocks. The most relevant defects for natural specimens are generated by coupled substitution involving mono- and trivalent cations, the most prominent being Li+, Al3+, and B3+. OH incorporation is rather a function of the availability of trace metals and water than of pressure and temperature, though temperature indirectly influences the incorporation by the solubility of trace metals in the fluid. Pressure has a negative influence on the formation of OH defects, so the most pure quartzes are probably formed in the deep crust close to the quartz/coesite transition. Natural quartz grains from the Earth's crust have on average 10 wt ppm (weight parts per million) water (5 wt ppm median), but grains with OH defect contents corresponding to up 250 wt ppm water have been discovered in sedimentary archives, matching the concentration of quartz from high-pressure experiments <4 kbar under water-saturated conditions in granitic systems. A rough division into three classes is suggested: (1) grains with pristine igneous and/or hydrothermal origin, (2) mildly thermally annealed grains, and (3) strongly dehydrated grains. While samples derived from the currently exposed Scandinavian Shield are dominated by the third class, considerable contributions of the first two classes are found in the younger rock systems in Central Europe. OH defect contents may be used to estimate mixing ratios for sediments with different sources, provided that a sufficiently large data set exists and that the different sources can be clearly distinguished by their OH inventory. Furthermore, metamorphic overprint leads to a higher degree of equilibration of OH defects between individual grains and may thus be used as a geothermometer. Finally, OH defect retention in quartz allows for estimating timescales of volcanic processes.
Assessment of the facilities provided to patients in selected Basic Health Units (BHUs) of Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Ali , Jamal Palwasha , Saeed Mahnoor , Ahmed Rohan , Qazi Elishba , Rehman Sadia 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Primary health care is essential healthcare made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them through their full participation and at an affordable cost. It can be effectively delivered at the Basic health unit (BHU). Assessment of its performance at regular basis is also crucial for the health care system.
Objectives: To assess the services (EPI, antenatal care and basic healthcare) provided at selected BHUs of Peshawar with a view to determine service provision gaps in these BHUs.
Materials & Methods: It was a questionnaire based descriptive survey conducted from September to November 2019, in which simple random sampling technique was used to select 15 BHUs of district Peshawar for assessment and evaluation purposes. Data were collected using a checklist and an indigenous structured questionnaire where responses were recorded in yes/no format. Data analyzed using SPSS V.22 for descriptive statistics.
Results: All vaccines of the EPI program were being provided in BHUs except for Hepatitis B. Regarding BHU staff, in 80% BHUs male medical officers were absent, and in 40% BHUs female medical officers were absent. For the Maternal and Child Health Care (MCHC) services, Tetanus Toxoid vaccine and Folic Acid supplements were present in all BHUs but status of malnutrition was unsatisfactory. About 80% of BHUs had a satisfactory infrastructure; the safety and sanitation precautions in BHUs were not up to the mark regarding disposal of hazardous waste and needles.
Conclusion: Majority of the healthcare facilities were present in sampled BHUs including immunization services, MCHC services, infrastructure, safety, and sanitation. While the female staff was adequate in number, the attendance of male staff was poor.
Primary health care; basic health unit; Immunization; Prenatal care
Literatura, linguagem e letramento: A criança aprendendo a ser protagonista de sua história
Authors: Antunes Jéssica Maís , Kunz Marinês Andrea , Martins Rosemari Lorenz 
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como tema o desenvolvimento da linguagem de crianças de 3 e 4 anos, a partir de uma proposta pedagógica voltada para o trabalho com literatura infantil, tendo como objetivo verificar em que medida as atividades literárias contribuem para o letramento emergente dessas crianças, no contexto da aplicação de um projeto de leitura com texto literário. Ao final da pesquisa, os alunos demonstraram que estavam com habilidades de linguagem oral mais consolidadas, ampliaram seus vocabulários, melhoraram suas construções narrativas, demonstraram grande interesse em propostas literárias, passaram de ouvintes para contadores de histórias e adquiriram conhecimentos sobre o mundo da escrita.
Verschuivingen in informatievoorziening tijdens Covid-19
Authors: Vliegenthart Rens , Bakker Bert N. , de Vreese Claes 
Published: April 2021

Changes in the information environment during Covid-19: consequences for political trust and attitudes towards democracy
Combatting the coronavirus politicians and policy makers have to continuously make a trade-off between public health and democratic rights. How do citizens’ attitudes towards democracy develop in a pandemic? In this study we test whether changes in the information environment affect citizens’ trust in the local and national government. Moreover, we study whether changes in the information environment are associated with the perceptions about the extent to which democratic processes are under pressure. We address these questions using a five wave panel study in the Netherlands conducted between April and September 2020. We find that during this period media use and political trust decreased. Moreover, Dutch citizens are worried about the effects of the corona crisis on local and national democracy. When it comes to the effects of media use on political trust and attitudes towards democracy, we find that media use has a limited effect on attitudes towards democracy. If anything, consuming news via the public broadcaster has a positive effect on political trust. To conclude, our study provides descriptive evidence about the development of attitudes towards democracy in the Netherlands during a major public health crisis. Dutch citizens are worried about democracy but media play a limited role in amplifying or reducing these worries.
Verzorgenden Individuele Gezondheidszorg: de grootste beroepsgroep als blinde vlek van de zorg
Authors: van Wieringen Marieke , Nies Henk 
Published: April 2021

The blind spot
The most relevant part of a discussion is not what is discussed but what cannot be spoken of. The real taboos are those for which it is taboo to call them taboos. The status quo defines itself as non-ideological while denouncing any challenge to itself as radical.Therefore the column ‘De Blinde Vlek’ frames the framers, politicizes the status quo and articulates what is not heard of.