bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of monoclonal antibody‐based sandwich ELISA for detecting major mango allergen Man i1 in processed foods
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Che , Yin Hsin‐Yi , Chen Ssu‐Ning , Chang Hung‐Chi , Wen Hsiao‐Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMango (Mangifera indica L.) is a popular tropical fruit but also an allergenic source. In Taiwan, the packaging of any food product that contains mango must display an allergen warning. Therefore, establishing a reliable method for detecting mango residues in food products is important. In this study, a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) was developed to detect the major mango allergen Man i1. First, five batches of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against Man i1 were generated and used to identify the optimal antibody pair for sELISA. Using 2G5 mAb as the capture antibody and anti‐rMan i1 pAb as the detection antibody yielded the strongest assay signal. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the developed ELISA are estimated to be 3.9 and 21.2 ng/ml rMan i1, respectively, after optimization. The assay exhibits good specificity to mango and offers good precision and reproducibility since the calculated coefficient of variation (CV) of the intra‐ and inter‐assays were 5.5–11.7% and 7.4–12.4%, respectively. Finally, 23 commercial food products were evaluated using the developed sELISA and the results of this assay closely agreed (95.7%) with those of the Western blot. Thus, the developed sELISA provides a potential method for detecting mango allergens in foods for protecting people with mango allergy from the accidental ingestion of mango.
A comprehensive topical antioxidant inhibits oxidative stress induced by blue light exposure and cigarette smoke in human skin tissue
Authors: Wortzman Mitchell , Nelson Diane B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveSkin damage from visible light predominantly results from exposure to the blue light spectrum (400‐500 nm) which generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causing a cascade of harmful effects to skin. Topical antioxidants reduce the effects of free radical damage caused by environmental exposures. This study evaluated a comprehensive topical antioxidant's ability to inhibit ROS production induced by blue light and cigarette smoke (CS) in human skin.MethodsTwo experiments were conducted utilizing human skin (Fitzpatrick Skin Types III and V; N = 3, each). After confirmed reactivity of untreated tissues at 412 nm, 20J/cm2, untreated and pretreated (WEL‐DS, 2 mg/cm2) skin tissue was exposed to blue light and blue light plus CS and left overnight. A nonfluorescent probe (DCFH‐DA) was added to skin and exposed to blue light (412 nm, 20J/cm2) and blue light plus CS. Fluorescent 2’,7’‐DCF was generated upon enzymatic reduction and subsequent oxidation by ROS.ResultsROS increased at least tenfold following initial exposure to blue light and blue light plus CS in untreated skin. Pretreatment with WEL‐DS decreased ROS in FST III exposed to blue light by 51% and 46% in skin exposed to blue light plus CS vs. untreated skin (both,P < .001). In FST V, pretreatment with WEL‐DS decreased ROS exposed to blue light by 54% (P < .001) and 50% in skin exposed to blue light plus CS vs. untreated skin (P < .0001).ConclusionWEL‐DS demonstrated significant reduction in ROS induced by blue light and blue light in combination with CS compared with untreated, exposed skin.
The illness experience for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Yuan Meng‐Mei , Peng Xi , Zeng Tie‐Ying , Wu Mei‐Li‐Yang , Chen Ye , Zhang Ke , Wang Xue‐Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the illness experience of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in China and the meaning they attach to those experiences.BackgroundALS is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impacts individuals and families. There is a large number of patients with ALS in China. However, little is known about how they live with ALS.DesignPhenomenological qualitative research was performed among twenty people with ALS from the neurology department of a tertiary hospital in China. Colaizzi's method was used to analyse the participants’ data. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was used as a guideline to secure accurate and complete reporting of the study.ResultsWe proposed three themes and eight subthemes on the illness experience of participants: (1) life countdown: ‘my body was frozen’ (body out of control and inward suffering); (2) family self‐help: ‘we kept an eye on each other’ (family warmth and hardship, and supporting the supporter); and (3) reconstruction of life: ‘what was the meaning of my life’ (learning to accept, rebuilding self‐worth, resetting the priority list and living in the moment).ConclusionsIn the family self‐help model, patients are prompted to turn from negative mentalities to search for meaning in life actively. Healthcare providers need to attach importance to the family self‐help model to alleviate the pressure on medical resources.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers should encourage patients to play a supportive role in the family and provide more care support and professional care knowledge guidance to caregivers, to promote the formation of the family self‐help model which might help to improve the experience of patients and families.
Trading Costs and Informational Efficiency
Authors: DÁVILA EDUARDO , PARLATORE CECILIA 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTWe study the effect of trading costs on information aggregation and acquisition in financial markets. For a given precision of investors' private information, an irrelevance result emerges when investors are ex ante identical: price informativeness is independent of the level of trading costs. When investors are ex ante heterogeneous, a change in trading costs can increase or decrease price informativeness, depending on the source of heterogeneity. Our results are valid under quadratic, linear, and fixed costs. Through a reduction in information acquisition, trading costs reduce price informativeness. We discuss how our results inform the policy debate on financial transaction taxes/Tobin taxes.
Mechanical bowel preparation before gynecologic laparoscopic procedures: Is it time to abandon this practice?
Authors: Kathopoulis Nikolaos , Chatzipapas Ioannis , Valsamidis Dimitrios , Samartzis Konstantinos , Kipriotis Konstantinos , Loutradis Dimitrios , Protopapas Athanasios 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the influence of mechanical bowel preparation on surgical field visualization and patients' quality of life during benign gynecologic laparoscopic procedures.MethodsA single blind, randomized, controlled trial was undertaken with laparoscopic gynecologic surgical patients to one of the following three groups: liquid diet on the preoperative day; mechanical bowel preparation with oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution; minimal residue diet for 3 days. Primary outcomes included assessment of the condition of small and large bowel and the overall quality of the surgical field. Additional measures included assessment of patients' preoperative symptoms, tolerance of the preparation method and compliance to the protocol, postoperative symptoms and bowel function.ResultsOne hundred forty‐four patients were randomized as follows: 49 to liquid diet, 47 to mechanical bowel preparation, and 48 to minimal residue diet. Most characteristics were similar across groups. The intraoperative surgical view and the condition of large and small bowel were equal or inferior at the patients who received mechanical bowel preparation compared with the other groups. The 4‐point Likert scale scoring for small bowel (2.51 vs. 2.72 vs. 2.81, p = 0.04), large bowel (2.26 vs. 2.38 vs. 2.48, p = 0.32) and overall operative field quality (2.34 vs. 2.67 vs. 2.67, p = 0.03) demonstrated no advantage from the use of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation over liquid diet and minimal residue diet, respectively. Preoperative discomfort was significantly greater in the mechanical bowel preparation group.ConclusionMechanical bowel preparation before gynecologic laparoscopic operations for benign pathology could be safely abandoned.Clinical Trial RegistrationISRCTN registry, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN59502124 (No 59502124).
The value of serum‐free androgen index in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Lilin , Li Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveIt is found that there is a significant difference in serum‐free androgen index (FAI) between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy people, and the selection of appropriate cutoff value has a certain diagnostic value for PCOS. However, the current research conclusions on the diagnostic value of FAI for PCOS are not consistent. The purpose of this study is to explore the diagnostic value of FAI in PCOS, in order to provide reference for clinicians to select appropriate diagnostic indicators in the future.MethodsCochrane Library, Medline, Excerpta Medica Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Wanfang database were searched until July 2020. A comprehensive collection of FAI studies on the diagnosis of PCOS was conducted. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative likelihood ratio (−LR) were analyzed by Stata15.0 software, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the subjects were drawn.ResultsA total of seven high‐quality clinical studies were included. The results of meta‐analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity = 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69 ~ 0.82), specificity = 0.82 (95%CI: 0.69 ~ 0.90), +LR = 4.12 (95%CI: 2.12 ~ 4.03), −LR = 0.29 (95%CI: 0.22 ~ 0.38), DOR = 14.08 (95%CI: 7.13 ~ 27.83), and the area under ROC was 0.84.ConclusionFAI has a moderate diagnostic value for PCOS. It may be possible to add new experimental designs to find the best cut‐off value for FAI diagnosis to improve the diagnostic efficacy.
TNFα expression by Porphyromonas gingivalis‐stimulated macrophages relies on Sirt1 cleavage
Authors: Meka Sai R.K. , Younis Tahsin , Reich Eli , Elayyan Jinan , Kumar Ashok , Merquiol Emmanuelle , Blum Galia , Kalmus Shira , Maatuf Yonathan H. , Batshon George , Nussbaum Gabriel , Houri‐Haddad Yael , Dvir‐Ginzberg Mona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivePeriodontitis is one the most common chronic inflammatory conditions, resulting in destruction of tooth‐supporting tissues and leading to tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis activates host macrophages to secrete pro‐inflammatory cytokines and elicit tissue damage, in part by inducing NF‐kappa‐B transactivation. Since NFκB transactivation is negatively regulated by the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)‐dependent deacetylase enzyme Sirt1, we sought to assess if RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to P. gingivalis demonstrate impaired Sirt1 activity, to ultimately induce a pro‐inflammatory response.MethodsRAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with heat‐ killed P. gingivalis for 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. Stimulated RAW264.7 were assessed for TNFα expression via PCR, ELISA, and ChIP analysis. Following the activation of RAW264.7 macrophages, immunoblot analysis was executed to detect modifications in Sirt1 and the NFκB subunit RelA that is essential for NFκB transcriptional activity.ResultsTNFα expression was elevated 4 h after exposure to P. gingivalis. ChIP confirmed that RelA was enriched in the mouse TNFα promoter 4 h following stimulation, which correlated with the increased TNFα mRNA levels. Preceding TNFα expression, we detected Phosphoserine 536 and acetylated lysine 310 of RelA after 2 hours exposure with P. gingivalis. Moreover, reduced Sirt1 activity was associated with its cleavage in RAW264.7 protein extracts, after 2 hours of P. gingivalis exposure. Blocking TLR2/4 signaling prevented Sirt1 cleavage, loss of deacetylase activity, and TNFα secretion, while co‐administering CA074Me (a cathepsin B inhibitor) with P. gingivalis reduced RelA promoter enrichment, resulting in impaired TNFα expression.ConclusionsTogether, the results suggest that P. gingivalis induces TNFα expression, at least in part, by enhancing cleavage of Sirt1 via a TLR‐dependent signaling circuit.
Fosmidomycin transport through the phosphate‐specific porins OprO and OprP of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Piselli Claudio , Benz Roland 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Gram‐negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for many hospital‐acquired infections. The bacterium is quite resistant toward many antibiotics, in particular because of the fine‐tuned permeability of its outer membrane (OM). General diffusion outer membrane pores are quite rare in this organism. Instead, its OM contains many substrate‐specific porins. Their expression is varying according to growth conditions and virulence. Phosphate limitations, as well as pathogenicity factors, result in the induction of the two mono‐ and polyphosphate‐specific porins, OprP and OprO, respectively, together with an inner membrane uptake mechanism and a periplasmic binding protein. These outer membrane channels could serve as outer membrane pathways for the uptake of phosphonates. Among them are not only herbicides, but also potent antibiotics, such as fosfomycin and fosmidomycin. In this study, we investigated the interaction between OprP and OprO and fosmidomycin in detail. We could demonstrate that fosmidomycin is able to bind to the phosphate‐specific binding site inside the two porins. The inhibition of chloride conductance of OprP and OprO by fosmidomycin is considerably less than that of phosphate or diphosphate, but it can be measured in titration experiments of chloride conductance and also in single‐channel experiments. The results suggest that fosmidomycin transport across the OM of P. aeruginosa occurs through OprP and OprO. Our data with the ones already known in the literature show that phosphonic acid‐containing antibiotics are in general good candidates to treat the infections of P. aeruginosa at the very beginning through a favorable OM transport system.
Characterization of DtrJ as an IncC plasmid conjugative DNA transfer component
Authors: Hancock Steven J. , Phan Minh‐Duy , Roberts Leah W. , Vu Thu Ngoc Minh , Harris Patrick N. A. , Beatson Scott A. , Schembri Mark A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncompatibility group C (IncC) plasmids are large (50–400 kb), broad host range plasmids that drive the spread of genes conferring resistance to all classes of antibiotics, most notably the blaNDM gene that confers resistance to last‐line carbapenems and the mcr‐3 gene that confers resistance to colistin. Several recent studies have improved our understanding of the basic biological mechanisms driving the success of IncC, in particular the identification of multiple novel IncC conjugation genes by transposon directed insertion‐site sequencing. Here, one of these genes, dtrJ, was examined in further detail. The dtrJ gene is located in the DNA transfer locus on the IncC backbone, and quantitative reverse‐transcriptase PCR analysis revealed it is transcribed in the same operon as the DNA transfer genes traI and traD (encoding the relaxase and coupling protein, respectively) and activated by the AcaDC regulatory complex. We confirmed that DtrJ is not required for pilus biogenesis or mate pair formation. Instead, DtrJ localizes to the membrane, where it interacts with the coupling protein TraD and functions as an IncC DNA transfer protein. Overall, this work has defined the role of DtrJ in DNA transfer of IncC plasmids during conjugation.
OmpR coordinates the expression of virulence factors of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the alimentary tract of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wang Sin‐Tian , Kuo Cheng‐Ju , Huang Chih‐Wen , Lee Tzer‐Min , Chen Jenn‐Wei , Chen Chang‐Shi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), an enteropathogen that colonizes in the intestine, causes severe diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis in humans by the expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and Shiga‐like toxins (Stxs). However, how EHEC can sense and respond to the changes in the alimentary tract and coordinate the expression of these virulence genes remains elusive. The T3SS‐related genes are known to be regulated by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)‐encoded regulators, such as Ler, as well as non‐LEE‐encoded regulators in response to different environmental cues. Herein, we report that OmpR, which participates in the adaptation of E. coli to osmolarity and pH alterations, is required for EHEC infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. OmpR protein was able to directly bind to the promoters of ler and stx1 (Shiga‐like toxin 1) and regulate the expression of T3SS and Stx1, respectively, at the transcriptional level. Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression of ler in EHEC is in response to the intestinal environment and is regulated by OmpR in C. elegans. Taken together, we reveal that OmpR is an important regulator of EHEC which coordinates the expression of virulence factors during gastrointestinal infection in vivo.
Serotonin, food intake, and obesity
Authors: van Galen Katy A. , ter Horst Kasper W. , Serlie Mireille J. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe role of serotonin in food intake has been studied for decades. Food intake is mainly regulated by two brain circuitries: (i) the homeostatic circuitry, which matches energy intake to energy expenditure, and (ii) the hedonic circuitry, which is involved in rewarding and motivational aspects of energy consumption. In the homeostatic circuitry, serotonergic signaling contributes to the integration of metabolic signals that convey the body's energy status and facilitates the ability to suppress food intake when homeostatic needs have been met. In the hedonic circuitry, serotonergic signaling may reduce reward‐related, motivational food consumption. In contrast, peripherally acting serotonin promotes energy absorption and storage. Disturbed serotonergic signaling is associated with obesity, emphasizing the importance to understand the role of serotonergic signaling in food intake. However, unraveling the serotonin‐mediated regulation of food intake is complex, as the effects of serotonergic signaling in different brain regions depend on the regional expression of serotonin receptor subtypes and downstream effects via connections to other brain regions. We therefore provide an overview of the effects of serotonergic signaling in brain regions of the homeostatic and hedonic regulatory systems on food intake. Furthermore, we discuss the disturbances in serotonergic signaling in obesity and its potential therapeutic implications.
Impact of intraoral non‐pharmacological non‐surgical adjunctive interventions on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in humans: A systematic review
Authors: Al‐Dboush Ra’ed , Flores‐Mir Carlos , El‐Bialy Tarek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current systematic review aimed to assess the impact of intraoral non‐surgical non‐pharmacological adjunctive interventions on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).Search methodsSearch without restrictions was performed up to November 2020 in three electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective non‐randomized studies. The ROB 2.0 tool was used to assess the quality of the included RCTs, and the ROBINS‐I tool was applied to non‐randomized clinical studies. The strength of evidence was ranked using GRADE.ResultsThree hundred and sixteen records were initially retrieved. A total of 10 studies, with 236 patients, were finally considered. These studies assessed the effects of mechanical vibration (low‐frequency and high‐frequency), low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) and photobiomodulation (light‐emitting devices (LED). While the low‐frequency vibration and LED do not seem to affect OIIRR, OIIRR has been reported to be reduced in high‐frequency vibration, and LIPUS‐treated teeth (differences may not likely be considered clinically relevant). The potential positive effect of LLLT on OIIRR is still debatable. Overall, the existing evidence suggests that the amount of OIIRR observed while using these interventions with traditional orthodontic treatment was not more than that was observed without it.ConclusionsBased on a very low level of confidence, it seems that intraoral non‐pharmacological non‐surgical adjunctive interventions do not affect the amount of OIIRR either positively or negatively to a clinically relevant degree when compared to what is seen with conventional orthodontic treatment alone.
The Great Convergence: Gender and Unpaid Work in Europe and the United States
Authors: Pailhé Ariane , Solaz Anne , Stanfors Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, men's and women's time use in industrialized nations has changed dramatically, suggesting a gender revolution. Women increased their time in paid work and reduced time in unpaid activities, while men increased their time in unpaid work, but not enough to compensate for women's retreat. We investigate developments regarding men's and women's unpaid work across Europe and the United States, using time diary data from the mid‐1980s and onward. We find evidence for gender convergence in unpaid work over time, but different trends for housework and childcare. Gender convergence in housework primarily resulted from women reducing their time, whereas childcare time increased for both sexes, resulting in convergence only where men increased more than did women. Decomposition analyses show that trends in housework and childcare are explained by changes in behavior rather than compositional changes in population characteristics. Though level differences in unpaid work persist, our findings regarding trends support gender convergence in that they are general across country contexts that vary regarding policy and social norms about gender, family, and work.
Repressed OsMESL expression triggers reactive oxygen species‐mediated broad‐spectrum disease resistance in rice
Authors: Hu Bin , Zhou Yong , Zhou Zaihui , Sun Bo , Zhou Fei , Yin Changxi , Ma Weihua , Chen Hao , Lin Yongjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA few reports have indicated that a single gene confers resistance to bacterial blight, sheath blight and rice blast. In this study, we identified a novel disease resistance mutant gene, methyl esterase‐like (osmesl) in rice. Mutant rice with T‐DNA insertion displayed significant resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani and rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Additionally, CRISPR‐Cas9 knockout mutants and RNAi lines displayed resistance to these pathogens. Complementary T‐DNA mutants demonstrated a phenotype similar to the wild type (WT), thereby indicating that osmesl confers resistance to pathogens. Protein interaction experiments revealed that OsMESL affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by interacting with thioredoxin OsTrxm in rice. Moreover, qRT‐PCR results showed significantly reduced mRNA levels of multiple ROS scavenging‐related genes in osmesl mutants. Nitroblue tetrazolium staining showed that the pathogens cause ROS accumulation, and quantitative detection revealed significantly increased levels of H2O2 in the leaves of osmesl mutants and RNAi lines after infection. The abundance of JA, a hormone associated with disease resistance, was significantly more in osmesl mutants than in WT plants. Overall, these results suggested that osmesl enhances disease resistance to Xoo, R. solani and M. oryzae by modulating the ROS balance.