bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of barcode technology can make a difference to patient safety in the post-COVID era
Authors: Lachman Peter , van der Wilden Els 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has demonstrated the value of digital solutions to patient care and to patient safety. Here are many solutions that have yet to be fully implemented. In this commentary, we discuss the value of barcode technology to ensure secure supply chains and the delivery of reliable and efficient processes in healthcare. This will facilitate the implementation of World Health Organization policies on supply chains as well as support initiatives on medication safety.
Community pharmacists’ perceptions and role in the management of common dermatological problems in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chahine Bahia , Cherfane Michelle , Sakr Fouad , Safwan Jihan , Dabbous Mariam , Akel Marwan , Rahal Mohamad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the types and frequency of dermatologic disorders routinely encountered by community pharmacists in Lebanon, identify their educational preparedness and confidence, reasons for referrals to dermatologists and their attitude toward the potential pharmacist role in the treatment of dermatologic disorders.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between June and October 2017. It involved the use of a self-administered questionnaire, distributed to a randomly selected sample of 500 community pharmacists from all Lebanese districts.Key findingsA total of 456 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Sixty-four per cent of participants had received a dermatology course at university and 38.7% had undertaken some form of postgraduate education in dermatology. Pharmacists believed that the most commonly encountered disorders were sunburn (22.6%) and acne (15.6%) during spring/summer and skin dryness (18.8%) followed by head lice (13.1%) during autumn/winter. Additionally, more than half of respondents reported that skin-related advice requests were 6–15% of the total advice offered to patients. Sixty-four per cent were confident or extremely confident in advising patients with dermatological complaints. Pharmacists ranked ‘unsure of diagnosis’ as the most common reason for patient referral to dermatologists. Pharmacists who received postgraduate dermatology training had higher self-reported confidence in tackling skin diseases and their treatments (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsOur study revealed that community pharmacists in Lebanon commonly encounter a limited number of dermatologic disorders and the majority believed that they can confidently advise and manage patients. Nonetheless, they admitted a gap in their dermatology education at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Evaluation of procalcitonin-guided antimicrobial stewardship in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Calderon Maria , Li Ang , Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos , Dennis Jonathan , Baker Kenneth F , Schim van der Loeff Ina , Hanrath Aidan T , Capstick Richard , Payne Brendan A I , Weiand Daniel , Hunter Ewan , Schwab Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Procalcitonin is a biomarker that may be able to identify patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who do not require antimicrobials for bacterial respiratory tract co-infections.

Objectives
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a procalcitonin-guided algorithm in rationalizing empirical antimicrobial prescriptions in non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods
Retrospective, single-site, cohort study in adults hospitalized with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 pneumonia and receiving empirical antimicrobials for potential bacterial respiratory tract co-infection. Regression models were used to compare the following outcomes in patients with and without procalcitonin testing within 72 h of starting antimicrobials: antimicrobial consumption (DDD); antimicrobial duration; a composite safety outcome of death, admission to HDU/ICU or readmission to hospital within 30 days; and length of admission. Procalcitonin levels of ≤0.25 ng/L were interpreted as negatively predictive of bacterial co-infection. Effects were expressed as ratios of means (ROM) or prevalence ratios (PR) accordingly.

Results
259 patients were included in the final analysis. Antimicrobial use was lower in patients who had procalcitonin measured within 72 h of starting antimicrobials: mean antimicrobial duration 4.4 versus 5.4 days, adjusted ROM 0.7 (95% CI 0.6–0.9); mean antimicrobial consumption 6.8 versus 8.4 DDD, adjusted ROM 0.7 (95% CI 0.6–0.8). Both groups had similar composite safety outcomes (adjusted PR 0.9; 95% CI 0.6–1.3) and lengths of admission (adjusted ROM 1.3; 95% CI 0.9–1.6).

Conclusions
A procalcitonin-guided algorithm may allow for the safe reduction of antimicrobial usage in hospitalized non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Characterizing employment of colorectal cancer survivors using electronic health records
Authors: Varga Alexandra , Gruß Inga , Ritzwoller Debra P , Bradley Cathy J , Sterrett Andrew T , Banegas Matthew P 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the value of collecting occupational data is well-established, these data are not systematically collected in clinical practice. We assessed the availability of electronic health record (EHR)-based occupation data within a large integrated health care system to determine the feasibility of its use in research.Materials and MethodsWe used a mixed-methods approach to extract EHR data and define employment status, employer, and employment industry of 1107 colorectal cancer survivors. This was a secondary analysis of a subset of the Patient Outcomes Research to Advance Learning (PORTAL) colorectal cancer cohort.ResultsWe categorized the employment industry for 46% of the cohort. Employment status was available for 58% of the cohort. The employer was missing for over 95% of the cohort.ConclusionBy combining data from structured and free-text EHR fields, we identified employment status and industry for approximately half of our sample. Findings demonstrate limitations of EHR data and underscore the need for systematic collection of occupation data in clinical practice.
Smoothed-strain approach to topology optimization – a numerical study for optimal control parameters
Authors: Lee Changkye , Natarajan Sundararajan , Kee Seong-Hoon , Yee Jurng-Jae 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, three variants of strain smoothing technique, viz. the cell-based, edge-based, and node-based smoothed finite element method, are employed for structural topology optimization. The salient features of the strain smoothing technique are: (i) does not require an explicit form of shape functions and (ii) less sensitive to mesh distortion. Within the proposed framework, the structural materials are modelled as the relative material density powered by the power-law approach. An optimum structural topology is estimated from the condition that minimizes the total strain energy of the structures of interest. The efficacy and the robustness of the strain smoothing technique, when applied to topology optimization, are demonstrated with a few standard benchmark problems. A systematic parametric study is done to find suitable and optimal control parameters for the topology optimization, viz. filter size, tuning parameter, and move limit. The relative performance of different strain smoothing techniques for structural topology optimization is also presented.
Relating structure and power: Comonadic semantics for computational resources
Authors: Abramsky Samson , Shah Nihil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCombinatorial games are widely used in finite model theory, constraint satisfaction, modal logic and concurrency theory to characterize logical equivalences between structures. In particular, Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé games, pebble games and bisimulation games play a central role. We show how each of these types of games can be described in terms of an indexed family of comonads on the category of relational structures and homomorphisms. The index $k$ is a resource parameter that bounds the degree of access to the underlying structure. The coKleisli categories for these comonads can be used to give syntax-free characterizations of a wide range of important logical equivalences. Moreover, the coalgebras for these indexed comonads can be used to characterize key combinatorial parameters: tree depth for the Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé comonad, tree width for the pebbling comonad and synchronization tree depth for the modal unfolding comonad. These results pave the way for systematic connections between two major branches of the field of logic in computer science, which hitherto have been almost disjoint: categorical semantics and finite and algorithmic model theory.
Accretion geometry of the black hole binary MAXI J1820+070 probed by frequency-resolved spectroscopy
Authors: Axelsson Magnus , Veledina Alexandra 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The geometry of the inner accretion flow in the hard and hard-intermediate states of X-ray binaries remains controversial. Using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer observations of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 during the rising phase of its 2018 outburst, we study the evolution of the timing properties, in particular the characteristic variability frequencies of the prominent iron K α line. Using frequency-resolved spectroscopy, which is robust against uncertainties in the line profile modelling, we find that reflection occurs at large distances from the Comptonizing region in the bright hard state. During the hard-to-soft transition, the variability properties suggest that the reflector moves closer to the X-ray source. In parallel, the peak of the iron line shifts from 6.5 to ∼7 keV, becoming consistent with that expected of from a highly inclined disc extending close to the black hole. We additionally find significant changes in the dependence of the root-mean-square (rms) variability on both energy and Fourier frequency as the source softens. The evolution of the rms-energy dependence, the line profile, and the timing properties of the iron line as traced by the frequency-resolved spectroscopy all support the picture of a truncated disc/inner flow geometry.
Accelerating self-gravitating hydrodynamics simulations with adaptive force updates
Authors: Grudić Michael Y 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Many astrophysical hydrodynamics simulations must account for gravity, and evaluating the gravitational field at the positions of all resolution elements can incur significant cost. Typical algorithms update the gravitational field at the position of each resolution element every time the element is updated hydrodynamically, but the actual required update frequencies for hydrodynamics and gravity can be different in general. We show that the gravity calculation in hydrodynamics simulations can be optimized by only updating gravity on a time-scale dictated by the already determined maximum time-step for accurate gravity integration Δtgrav, while staying well within the typical error budget of hydro schemes and gravity solvers. Our implementation in the gizmo code uses the time-scale derived from the tidal tensor $t_{\rm tidal} = \Vert \mathbf {T}\Vert ^{-1/2}$ to determine Δtgrav and the force update frequency in turn, and uses the rate of change of acceleration evaluated by the gravity solver to construct a predictor of the acceleration for use between updates. We test the scheme on standard self-gravitating hydrodynamics test problems, finding solutions very close to the standard scheme while evaluating far fewer gravity forces, optimizing the simulations. We also demonstrate a $\sim 70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ speed-up in an example simulation of a giant molecular cloud. In general, this scheme introduces a new tunable parameter for obtaining an optimal compromise between accuracy and computational cost, in conjunction with, e.g. time-step tolerance, numerical resolution, and gravity solver tolerance.
Deep learning applications based on SDSS photometric data: detection and classification of sources
Authors: He Zhendong , Qiu Bo , Luo A-Li , Shi Jinghang , Kong Xiao , Jiang Xia 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Most astronomical source classification algorithms based on photometric data struggle to classify sources as quasars, stars, and galaxies reliably. To achieve this goal and build a new Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric catalogue in the future, we apply a deep learning source detection network built on YOLO v4 object detection framework to detect sources and design a new deep learning classification network named APSCnet (astronomy photometric source classification network) to classify sources. In addition, a photometric background image generation network is applied to generate background images in the process of data sets synthesis. Our detection network obtains a mean average precision score of 88.02 when IOU = 0.5. As for APSCnet, in a magnitude range with 14–25, we achieve a precision of 84.1 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at 93.2 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ recall for quasars, a precision of 94.5 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at 84.6 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ recall for stars, and a precision of 95.8 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at 95.1 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ recall for galaxies; and in a magnitude range with less than 20, we achieve a precision of 96.6 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at 94.7${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ recall for quasars, a precision of 95.7${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at 97.4${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ recall for stars, and a precision of 98.9 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at 99.2 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ recall for galaxies. We have proved the superiority of our algorithm in the classification of astronomical sources through comparative experiments between multiple sets of methods. In addition, we also analysed the impact of point spread function on the classification results. These technologies may be applied to data mining of the next generation sky surveys, such as LSST, WFIRST, and CSST etc.
Virtual Recruitment Is Here to Stay: A Survey of ID Fellowship Program Directors and Matched Applicants Regarding Their 2020 Virtual Recruitment Experiences
Authors: Rockney Danica , Benson Constance A , Blackburn Brian G , Chirch Lisa M , Konold Victoria J L , Luther Vera P , Razonable Raymund R , Tackett Sean , Melia Michael T 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGraduate Medical Education training programs transitioned to all-virtual recruitment in 2020. Limited data have been published regarding the consequences of this transition. We aimed to understand (1) infectious diseases (ID) fellowship programs’ recruitment efforts and the effect of virtual recruitment on application and interview numbers and (2) the number of programs to which matched applicants applied and interviewed and applicants’ perspectives on virtual recruitment.MethodsIn 2020–2021, we surveyed all US ID fellowship program directors (PDs) and matched applicants. Descriptive data analysis was performed on quantitative survey items. Free-text responses were analyzed through a quantitative content analysis approach.ResultsThe PD response rate was 68/158 (43%); the applicant response rate was at least 23% (85/365). PDs reported a 27% increase in mean number of applications received and a 45% increase in mean number of applicants interviewed compared with the previous year. Applicants especially valued the online program structure information, PD program overview videos, didactic and curriculum content, and fellow testimonials and profiles. Most applicants preferred interviews lasting no more than 40 minutes and interview days lasting no more than 5 hours. Nearly all (60/64, 94%) PDs adequately learned about candidates; most (48/64, 75%) felt unable to showcase their program as well as when in-person. Most PDs (54/64, 84%) and applicants (56/73, 77%) want an option for virtual recruitment.ConclusionsVirtual recruitment enabled programs to accommodate more applicants and highlighted applicants’ preferences for programs’ augmented online presences and time-limited interview days. Most programs and applicants want an option for virtual interviews.
Identification and characteristic analysis of enhancers across 13 major cancer types
Authors: Qian Mingming , Wang Wenzhu , Zhang Yana , Zhao Yi , Quan Huige , Chen Yuting , Dai Xinyue , Guo Zhiyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Enhancers are often mutated and dysregulated in various diseases such as cancer. By integrating the function annotation of the mammalian genome (FANTOM) enhancers expression profiles and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of 13 cancers and their corresponding para-cancerous tissues, we systematically identified a total of 4702 significantly differentially expressed (DE) enhancers. Furthermore, a total of 1036 DE genes regulated by DE enhancers were identified. It was found that in these 13 cancers, most (61.13%) enhancers were ubiquitously expressed, whereas DE enhancers were more likely to be tissue-specific expressed, and the DE genes regulated by DE enhancers were significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways. Finally, it was manifested that 74 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were located in 37 DE enhancers, and these SNPs affected the gain and loss of functional transcription factor binding sites of 758 transcription factors, which were shown to be highly correlated with tumorigenesis and development.
Neonatal Care Provider Tasks in the NICU and Delivery Room
Authors: Smith Misty , Bosque Elena 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Decreased availability of pediatric residents in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) has created demand for other neonatal medical care providers. No recent publications exist about how to approach the organization of tasks involved in that care.

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to present a structure and resources to guide the organization of tasks in the care of sick and premature infants in the NICU.

Methods:
The methods included a literature review to develop evidenced-based practice resources. The literature was reviewed regarding the relevant history and resources to support task organization during patient rounds and care in the NICU, and for delivery attendance by skilled providers. The goal, to establish a reference to support education about these approaches, is based upon evidence, which appears to be rooted in tradition.

Findings:
Evidence-based resources include documentation templates, problem list in order of systems, and provider tasks for NICU and delivery attendance.

Implication for Research:
Future studies can measure mentor or learner perceptions of the value of these resources, critical thinking improvement, safety, and clinical outcomes.

Implication for Practice:
These resources may provide structure for learners and providers who have studied the physiology, pathophysiology, and problem management concepts, but need to learn how to execute their responsibilities in these busy environments.
Determination of Guanfacine in Oral Fluid and Serum of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Short Communication
Authors: Wohkittel Christopher , Scherf-Clavel Oliver , Fekete Stefanie , Romanos Marcel , Högger Petra , Gerlach Manfred 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Guanfacine, a selective α2A-adrenoreceptor agonist, is a second-line medication for treating children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperkinetic disorder. The dosage administered as milligram per body weight to balance the potential benefits and risks of treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is useful for identifying a patient's therapeutic window to optimize individual drug dosing and reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions. However, in children and adolescents, intravenous sample collection is especially stressful and thus remains a primary challenge, restricting the use of TDM. Therefore, evaluating alternative specimens to facilitate TDM is a worthwhile task. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using oral fluid for TDM of guanfacine in children and adolescents.

Methods:
In this article, 9 patients (median age 8.1 years; 6 boys and 3 girls) undergoing treatment with guanfacine were included. Simultaneously collected oral fluid and serum samples were deproteinized using methanol containing a stable isotope-labeled internal standard before the determination of guanfacine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pearson correlation and paired t test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean serum guanfacine concentration was 3 times higher than that detected in oral fluid (7.47 ng/mL versus 2.36 ng/mL; t (8) = 5.94; P < 0.001). A strong positive linear correlation (r = 0.758, P = 0.018) was identified between oral fluid and serum concentrations. A strong but nonsignificant negative correlation (r = −0.574, P = 0.106) was detected between the oral fluid pH and oral fluid-to-serum concentration ratio.

Conclusions:
The strong correlation between oral fluid and serum concentration and the probable small effect of oral fluid pH on oral fluid-to-serum concentration ratio supports guanfacine as a suitable candidate for TDM in oral fluid.
Intensity of Home-Based Telework and Work Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nagata Tomohisa , Nagata Masako , Ikegami Kazunori , Hino Ayako , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa , Mori Koji 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The present study examined the relationship between the intensity of home-based telework and work engagement.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study using a self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted from December 22 to 25, 2020, in Japan. The subjects were asked single-item questions about the intensity of telework and three-item questions about work engagement using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Coefficients were estimated using a multilevel regression model nested by the prefecture of residence and adjusted for covariates.

Results:
High-intensity (4 or more days per week) telework was not associated with high work engagement for men or women. In contrast, low and moderate intensity (3 days per week to once per month) were associated with high work engagement. The results were consistent when stratified by sex.

Conclusions:
Reasonable-intensity telework may have beneficial effects on work engagement.