bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phage Tail-like Nanostructures Affect Microbial Interactions between Streptomyces and Fungi
Authors: Nagakubo Toshiki , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Asamizu Shumpei , Toyofuku Masanori , Nomura Nobuhiko , Onaka Hiroyasu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Extracellular contractile injection systems (eCISs) are structurally similar to headless phages and are versatile nanomachines conserved among diverse classes of bacteria. Herein, Streptomyces species, which comprise filamentous Gram-positive bacteria and are ubiquitous in soil, were shown to produce Streptomyces phage tail-like particles (SLPs) from eCIS-related genes that are widely conserved among Streptomyces species. In some Streptomyces species, these eCIS-related genes are regulated by a key regulatory gene, which is essential for Streptomyces life cycle and is involved in morphological differentiation and antibiotic production. Deletion mutants of S. lividans of the eCIS-related genes appeared phenotypically normal in terms of morphological differentiation and antibiotic production, suggesting that SLPs are involved in other aspects of Streptomyces life cycle. Using co-culture method, we found that colonies of SLP-deficient mutants of S. lividans were more severely invaded by fungi, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In addition, microscopic and transcriptional analyses demonstrated that SLP expression was elevated upon co-culture with S. pombe. In contrast, co-culture with Bacillus subtilis markedly decreased SLP expression and increased antibiotic production. Our findings demonstrate that in Streptomyces, eCIS-related genes affect microbial competition, and the patterns of SLP expression can differ depending on the competitor species.
Necrosis on Pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT Predicts Worse Prognosis in Patients With Stage IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Authors: Eren Gülnihan , Kupik Osman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThe presence of pathological necrosis in the tumor is known to be a factor indicating worse survival. Our study aimed to define necrosis in staging 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to investigate whether this is a poor prognostic marker. Methodology﻿To evaluate necrosis on 18F FDG PET/CT, we drew a region of interest (ROI) in the area showing visually very low/or no FDG uptake on PET and PET/CT fusion images. If SUVmax was less than blood pool SUVmax and showed significantly less attenuation [10 to 30 Hounsfield Units (HU)] than surrounding tissue on low-dose correlative CT with non-intravenous contrast, we defined it as necrotic (PETNECROSIS). We evaluated the relationship of SUVmax, tumor size, and PETNECROSIS with Progression-free survival (PFS) using a cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsPFS analysis was performed in 16 patients treated with standard chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimen. Tumor size ≤ 42mm vs > 42mm (p = 0.044, HR: 6.103, 95CI%: 1.053–35.358) and PETNECROSİS presence/absence (p = 0.027, HR: 6.719, 95CI%: 1.245–36.264) were independent predictors for PFS. Patients with tumor size ≤ 42mm and PETNECROSİS absence were associated with higher 1-year PFS rate than patients with tumor size > 42mm and PETNECROSİS presence (86% vs 63.5% p = 0.005 and 87.5% vs 29%, p = 0.001 respectively).ConclusionPETNECROSİS is helpful to distinguish patients who would suffer worse survival in stage IIIB NSCLC.
A Novel Graphene Modelling: Bottom up Approach - Band Gap Studies to Transport in Python
Authors: Bhardwaj Bhavya , B Bala Tripura Sundari 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work we develop a computational, quantum level monolayer graphene nanoribbon (GNR) MOSFET of channel length of 10 and 20 nm, with a width of 2 nm and contacts of 2nm width is attached. To develop the MOSFET channel, a bottom up approach is adopted by developing the material model. First the material models of graphene nanoribbon is developed using pybinding module tool in python. The material models of monolayer, bilayer graphene nanoribbon are built on the principles of tight binding module. The methodology developed is based on the Hamiltonian matrix formulation that has been used to determine the E-k plots and LDOS plots of graphene monolayer, bilayer graphene nano ribbon. The GNR MOSFET that is structurally built in python is used to simulate graphene as a switch. Its band gap characteristics is presented as its performance as a switch and is verified with relevant work. Then GNR MOSFET is modelled using quantum principles of NEGF and greens function to determine the transmission characteristics and the I-V characteristics for channel lengths of 10 nm and 20 nm.
Covid-19 ve Medyada Dijitalleşme Etkisi: Ana Haber Bültenlerinde Sağlık Haberleri, Whatsapp İhbar Hattı ve Online Röportaj Kullanımı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Kaya İlhan Çağla , Büyükçelikok Türkan Öykü 
Published: August 2021

Araştırma kapsamında, covid 19 pandemisinin ana haber bültenlerindeki haber seçim, oluşum ve sunum sürecine etkileri ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla, pandemi döneminde; sağlık kategorindeki haberlerin ana haber bültenleri içerisinde yer alma sıklığı ve televizyon haberciliği alanındaki dijital dönüşümler, whatsapp ihbar hatları ve online ropörtaj tekniklerinin kullanım yoğunluğunun artışı çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Covid-19 pandemisinin sağlık haber kategorisinin ana haber bültenlerinde yer alma oranı ve yarattığı dijitalleşme etkisinin incelenmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda reyting oranlarına göre seçilen Fox TV, Show TV ve ATV televizyon kanallarının ana haber bültenlerinde 2020 ve 2021 yıllarının Ocak ayının ilk haftalarında yer alan ve günlük yayınlanan toplam haber sayıları, sağlık haberleri sayıları, Whatsapp ihbar hattının kullanımı ve stüdyodan yapılan online röportajların ana haber bülteni içeriklerinde yer alma durumuyla ilgili bulgular incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, sağlık haberlerindeki ve ele alınan dijital uygulamalar aracılığıyla oluşturulan haber sayılarındaki artış ile pandeminin ana haber bültenlerine etkisi ortaya konulmuştur.
Recent Advancements in Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Improvement of Bioactivities: A Review
Authors: Punetha Vinay Deep , Dhali Sunil , Rana Anita , Karki Neha , Tiwari Himani , Negi Pushpa , Basak Souvik , Sahoo Nanda Gopal 
Published: August 2021

:
Natural products have widely been used in applications ranging from antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and various other medicinal applications. The use of these natural products was recognized way before the establishment of basic chemistry behind the disease and the chemistry of plant metabo-lites. After the establishment of plant chemistry, various new horizons evolved, and the application of natural products breached the orthodox limitations. In one such interdisciplinary area, the use of plant materials in the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has exponentially emerged. This advancement has offered various environment-friendly methods where hazardous chemicals are completely replaced by natural products in the sophisticated and hectic synthesis processes. This review is an attempt to under-stand the mechanism of metal nanoparticlessynthesis using plant materials. It includes details on the role of the plant’s secondary metabolites in the synthesis of nanoparticles including the mechanism of action. In addition, the use of these nanomaterials has widely been discussed along with the possible mechanism behind their antimicrobial and catalytic action.
Zinc 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Complexes: Synthesis, Structural
Characterization and their Effect Against Chagas Disease
Authors: Méndez-Arriaga José M. , Rubio-Mirallas Erika , Quirós Miguel , Sánchez-Moreno Manuel 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The World Health Organization catalogues illnesses such as Chagas disease
as neglected diseases, due to the low investment in new drugs to fight them. The search for novel and
non-side effects anti-parasitic compounds is one of the urgent needs of the Third World. The use of
triazolopyrimidines and their metal complexes have demonstrated hopeful results in this field.

Objective:
This work studies the antiparasitic efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi strains of a series
of zinc triazolopyrimidine complexes.

Method:
A series of Zn complexes has been synthesized by the reaction between the triazolopyrimidine
derivatives 7-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (7atp) and 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-
a]pyrimidine (dmtp) with Zn(SO4) · 7H2O, ZnCl2, and Zn(NO3)2 · 6H2O salts. The complexes have
been analyzed by spectroscopic and thermal assays and X-ray diffraction methods have been used to
dilucidate the crystalline structure of one of them. The antiparasitic efficacy was tested in vitro
against Trypanosoma cruzi to compare the trypanocidal effect of different ligands and counteranions
to fight Chagas disease.

Results:
The efficacy of these compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi has also been tested to compare
the influence of different ligands and counteranions on the trypanocidal effect against Chagas
disease.

Conclusion:
Antiproliferative tests corroborate the synergistic trypanocidal effect of the triazolopyrimidine
coordination complexes.
Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy (Fatigue in Teenagers on the Internet) for Adolescents With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Routine Clinical Care: Observational Study
Authors: Albers Eline , Nijhof Linde N , Berkelbach van der Sprenkel Emma E , van de Putte Elise M , Nijhof Sanne L , Knoop Hans 
Published: August 2021

Background
Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (I-CBT) for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) has been shown to be effective in a randomized controlled trial (RCT; Fatigue in Teenagers on the Internet [FITNET]). FITNET can cause a significant reduction in fatigue and disability.

Objective
We aimed to investigate whether FITNET treatment implemented in routine clinical care (IMP-FITNET) was as effective, using the outcomes of the FITNET RCT as the benchmark.

Methods
Outcomes of CFS/ME adolescents who started IMP-FITNET between October 2012 and March 2018 as part of routine clinical care were compared to the outcomes in the FITNET RCT. The primary outcome was fatigue severity assessed posttreatment. The secondary outcomes were self-reported physical functioning, school attendance, and recovery rates. Clinically relevant deterioration was assessed posttreatment, and for this outcome, a face-to-face CBT trial was used as the benchmark. The attitude of therapists toward the usability of IMP-FITNET was assessed through semistructured interviews. The number of face-to-face consultations during IMP-FITNET was registered.

Results
Of the 384 referred adolescents with CFS/ME, 244 (63.5%) started IMP-FITNET, 84 (21.9%) started face-to-face CBT, and 56 (14.6%) were not eligible for CBT. Posttreatment scores for fatigue severity (mean 26.0, SD 13.8), physical functioning (mean 88.2, SD 15.0), and full school attendance (mean 84.3, SD 26.5) fell within the 95% CIs of the FITNET RCT. Deterioration of fatigue and physical functioning after IMP-FITNET was observed at rates of 1.2% (n=3) and 4.1% (n=10), respectively, which is comparable to a waiting list condition (fatigue: 1.2% vs 5.7%, χ21=3.5, P=.06; physical functioning: 4.1% vs 11.4%, χ21=3.3, P=.07). Moreover, 41 (16.8%) IMP-FITNET patients made use of face-to-face consultations.

Conclusions
IMP-FITNET is an effective and safe treatment for adolescents with CFS/ME in routine clinical care.
Virtual Education Program to Support Providers Caring for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rapid Development and Evaluation Study
Authors: Thakur Anupam , Pereira Cheryl , Hardy Jenny , Bobbette Nicole , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Lunsky Yona 
Published: August 2021

Background
People with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at increased health-related risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual training programs that support providers in caring for the physical and mental health needs of this population, as well provide psychological support to the providers themselves, are needed during the pandemic.

Objective
This paper describes the design, delivery, and evaluation of a virtual educational COVID-19–focused Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes program to support providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in caring for the mental health of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Methods
A rapid design thinking approach was used to develop a 6-session program that incorporates mindfulness practice, a wellness check, COVID-19–related research and policy updates, a didactic presentation on a combination mental health and COVID-19 related topic, and a case-based discussion to encourage practical learning. We used the first 5 outcome levels of Moore’s evaluation framework—focusing on participation, satisfaction, learning, self-efficacy, and change in practice—which were rated (out of 5) by care providers from health and disability service sectors, as well as additional reflection measures about innovations to the program. Qualitative feedback from open-text responses from participants were analyzed using modified manifest content analysis.

Results
A total of 104 care providers from health and disability service sectors participated in the program. High levels of engagement (81 participants per session on average) and satisfaction (overall satisfaction score: mean 4.31, SD 0.17) were observed. Self-efficacy (score improvement: 19.8%), support, and coping improved. Participants also rated the newly developed COVID-19 program and its innovative components highly. Open text feedback showed participants felt that the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes program expanded their knowledge and competency and created a sense of being part of a community of practice; provided value for the COVID-19 innovations; supported resource-sharing within and beyond program participants; and facilitated changes to participants’ approaches to client care in practice and increased participants’ confidence in supporting clients and families.

Conclusions
The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes program is an effective model for capacity-building programs with a shared-learning approach. Future iterations should include targeted evaluation of long-term outcomes such as staff burnout.
Recent Academic Research on Clinically Relevant Digital Measures: Systematic Review
Authors: Shandhi Md Mobashir Hasan , Goldsack Jennifer C , Ryan Kyle , Bennion Alexandra , Kotla Aditya V , Feng Alina , Jiang Yihang , Wang Will Ke , Hurst Tina , Patena John , Carini Simona , Chung Jeanne , Dunn Jessilyn 
Published: August 2021

Background
Digital clinical measures collected via various digital sensing technologies such as smartphones, smartwatches, wearables, ingestibles, and implantables are increasingly used by individuals and clinicians to capture health outcomes or behavioral and physiological characteristics of individuals. Although academia is taking an active role in evaluating digital sensing products, academic contributions to advancing the safe, effective, ethical, and equitable use of digital clinical measures are poorly characterized.

Objective
We performed a systematic review to characterize the nature of academic research on digital clinical measures and to compare and contrast the types of sensors used and the sources of funding support for specific subareas of this research.

Methods
We conducted a PubMed search using a range of search terms to retrieve peer-reviewed articles reporting US-led academic research on digital clinical measures between January 2019 and February 2021. We screened each publication against specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. We then identified and categorized research studies based on the types of academic research, sensors used, and funding sources. Finally, we compared and contrasted the funding support for these specific subareas of research and sensor types.

Results
The search retrieved 4240 articles of interest. Following the screening, 295 articles remained for data extraction and categorization. The top five research subareas included operations research (research analysis; n=225, 76%), analytical validation (n=173, 59%), usability and utility (data visualization; n=123, 42%), verification (n=93, 32%), and clinical validation (n=83, 28%). The three most underrepresented areas of research into digital clinical measures were ethics (n=0, 0%), security (n=1, 0.5%), and data rights and governance (n=1, 0.5%). Movement and activity trackers were the most commonly studied sensor type, and physiological (mechanical) sensors were the least frequently studied. We found that government agencies are providing the most funding for research on digital clinical measures (n=192, 65%), followed by independent foundations (n=109, 37%) and industries (n=56, 19%), with the remaining 12% (n=36) of these studies completely unfunded.

Conclusions
Specific subareas of academic research related to digital clinical measures are not keeping pace with the rapid expansion and adoption of digital sensing products. An integrated and coordinated effort is required across academia, academic partners, and academic funders to establish the field of digital clinical measures as an evidence-based field worthy of our trust.
Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Limb Function and Balance in Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Jinlong , Zeng Aihua , Chen Ziyan , Wei Ye , Huang Kunlun , Chen Jiafeng , Ren Zhanbing 
Published: August 2021

Background
Virtual reality (VR) training is a promising intervention strategy that has been utilized in health care fields like stroke rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Current studies suggest that VR training is effective in improving the locomotor ability of stroke patients.

Objective
This is the first meta-meta-analysis of the effects of VR on motor function in stroke patients. This study aimed to systematically summarize and quantify the present meta-analyses results of VR training and produce high-quality meta-meta-analysis results to obtain a more accurate prediction.

Methods
We searched 4 online databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) for meta-analysis studies. After accounting for overlap, 10 studies (accounting for almost 550 stroke patients) were obtained. Based on the meta-meta-analysis of these patients, this study quantified the impact of VR training on stroke patients’ motor performance, mainly including upper limb function, balance, and walking ability. We combined the effects under the random effect model and pooled the estimates as standardized mean differences (SMD).

Results
The results of the meta-meta-analysis showed that VR training effectively improves upper limb function (SMD 4.606, 95% CI 2.733-6.479, P<.05) and balance (SMD 2.101, 95% CI 0.202-4.000, P<.05) of stroke patients. However, the results showed considerable heterogeneity and thus, may need to be treated with caution. Due to the limited research, a meta-meta-analysis of walking ability was not performed.

Conclusions
These findings represent a comprehensive body of high-quality evidence that VR training is more effective at improving upper limb function and balance of stroke patients.
Perfil osteobiográfico de un entierro chichimeca: Mesa de Salsipuedes, San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Montiel Mendoza Mireya , Serrano Sánchez Carlos , Del Angel Escalona Andres 
Published: August 2021

<p>La frontera septentrional de Mesoamérica, fluctuante en el tiempo, fue escenario del contacto entre los pueblos cazadores recolectores del norte de México y sus vecinos agricultores mesoamericanos. La información osteológica sugiere un contraste físico entre ambos grupos de pobladores. El hallazgo de un entierro humano de filiación chichimeca, en una cueva en la Mesa Salsipuedes, en el municipio Tierra Nueva, San Luis Potosí, permite un acercamiento al perfil osteobiográfico de los pueblos cazadores recolectores en una zona limítrofe de Mesoamérica. Para ello, se examina en particular la morfología cefálica, en relación con los datos publicados de ejemplares precerámicos de la Cuenca de México y de grupos nómadas de la zona norte, así como de una serie craneal posclásica del centro de México.</p><p> Con esta información se pretende contribuir y ampliar nuestro co-<br /> nocimiento de los grupos cazadores recolectores de esta región escasamente documentados en el campo de la antropología física, y aportar elementos en torno al gran problema de la gestación de la diversidad física de los antiguos habitantes del actual territorio mexicano.</p>
Procesos de formación de sitio, subsistencia y paisajes agrarios del periodo azteca a la luz de los macrorrestos de plantas de Calixtlahuaca (Valle de Toluca)
Authors: Borejsza Aleksander , Martínez Yrízar Diana , McClung de Tapia Emily , Smith Michael E. 
Published: August 2021

<p>Los datos arqueobotánicos contribuyen aún poco a las reconstrucciones de la subsistencia y los paisajes agrarios aztecas. En este artículo analizamos un conjunto de macrorrestos carbonizados de plantas recuperado en la capital posclásica del Valle de Toluca. Consideramos los procesos de formación propios del sitio y en particular las vías de carbonización de los restos vegetales que permitieron su conservación. Destaca la quema de casas de bajareque, la que en dos casos consumió cantidades importantes de víveres almacenados. Proponemos un primer esbozo de la subsistencia de los habitantes del sitio y del paisaje de laderas terraceadas en las que se distribuían sus viviendas y terrenos de cultivo. Atribuimos un papel esencial a los llamados seudo-cereales, incluidos la chía y una especie de quenopodio, posiblemente cultivado por su grano.</p><div> </div>
Territorios en conflicto: resistencia mapuche contra el fracking en Vaca Muerta
Authors: Acacio Juan Antonio , Wyczykier Gabriela 
Published: August 2021

<p>El texto aborda distintas aristas del conflicto en torno a la producción de hidrocarburos no convencionales en el yacimiento Vaca Muerta, en Argentina. Una de las disputas centrales tiene como protagonistas a las comunidades mapuche, las empresas y el Estado provincial y nacional. El trabajo analiza la resistencia que desarrolla la comunidad mapuche de Campo Maripe que reclama la propiedad de su territorio ancestral ubicado en el corazón de la explotación de los recursos no convencionales, en la provincia de Neuquén, distinguiendo cómo el Estado y los empresarios han recurrido a instrumentos judiciales y represivos para desalojar a la comunidad de estas tierras. Se partirá aquí del estudio del tramo final del juicio acontecido en la ciudad de Neuquén en 2019, donde fueron acusados de usurpación seis miembros de la comunidad Campo Maripe. La escena del juicio permite apreciar valoraciones, percepciones y acciones divergentes que se movilizan entre los actores involucrados en el enfrentamiento con referencia al territorio, la naturaleza, y la mirada sobre el otro. Desde una perspectiva de análisis sociológico y cualitativo, se aporta a una reflexión sobre la modalidad que adoptan los conflictos sociales en torno al fracking en Vaca Muerta, los motivos de las resistencias y algunas de las estrategias que adopta el capital para proseguir con la explotación de los bienes de la naturaleza para la producción de energía.</p><div> </div>