bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Does an Expert Artist Create Artwork? Skills and Strategies of an Expert Calligrapher Utilizing Ecological Constraints
Authors: Nozawa Hikaru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow does an artist utilize ecological constraints to create artwork? What physical skills support this creative process? This paper presents three studies examining the bottom-up creative process of an expert calligrapher over 16 trials, analyzing the same case from different perspectives. The first study focuses on the calligrapher’s writing posture. It reveals that the calligrapher synchronized trunk and brush tip movements, flexibly altering whole-body coordination patterns depending on character forms. The second study investigates the modification process of the 17 characters written on the paper. The calligrapher progressively adjusted the form and layout of characters by establishing coordinative structures among the variables of character form and position, thus effectively utilizing the margins of the paper. The third study examines the calligrapher’s gaze searches. It shows that these searches allowed accurate adjustments of character shapes and layout by flexibly changing gaze direction distribution depending on the position of the paper and characters relative to the body. Collectively, the three studies demonstrate that the expert calligrapher’s key skill is the flexibility to make bottom-up adjustments to characters’ form and layout by actively utilizing the ecological constraints of the paper. This skill is supported by flexible gaze searches and a writing posture involving whole-body coordination.
Clinical confocal laser endomicroscopy for imaging of autofluorescence signals of human brain tumors and non-tumor brain
Authors: Reichenbach Marlen , Richter Sven , Galli Roberta , Meinhardt Matthias , Kirsche Katrin , Temme Achim , Emmanouilidis Dimitrios , Polanski Witold , Prilop Insa , Krex Dietmar , Sobottka Stephan B. , Juratli Tareq A. , Eyüpoglu Ilker Y. , Uckermann Ortrud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Analysis of autofluorescence holds promise for brain tumor delineation and diagnosis. Therefore, we investigated the potential of a commercial confocal laser scanning endomicroscopy (CLE) system for clinical imaging of brain tumors.

Methods
A clinical CLE system with fiber probe and 488 nm laser excitation was used to acquire images of tissue autofluorescence. Fresh samples were obtained from routine surgeries (glioblastoma n = 6, meningioma n = 6, brain metastases n = 10, pituitary adenoma n = 2, non-tumor from surgery for the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy n = 2). Additionally, in situ intraoperative label-free CLE was performed in three cases. The autofluorescence images were visually inspected for feature identification and quantification. For reference, tissue cryosections were prepared and further analyzed by label-free multiphoton microscopy and HE histology.

Results
Label-free CLE enabled the acquisition of autofluorescence images for all cases. Autofluorescent structures were assigned to the cytoplasmic compartment of cells, elastin fibers, psammoma bodies and blood vessels by comparison to references. Sparse punctuated autofluorescence was identified in most images across all cases, while dense punctuated autofluorescence was most frequent in glioblastomas. Autofluorescent cells were observed in higher abundancies in images of non-tumor samples. Diffuse autofluorescence, fibers and round fluorescent structures were predominantly found in tumor tissues.

Conclusion
Label-free CLE imaging through an approved clinical device was able to visualize the characteristic autofluorescence patterns of human brain tumors and non-tumor brain tissue ex vivo and in situ. Therefore, this approach offers the possibility to obtain intraoperative diagnostic information before resection, importantly independent of any kind of marker or label.
Exosomes, their sources, and possible uses in cancer therapy in the era of personalized medicine
Authors: Zemanek Tomas , Danisovic Lubos , Nicodemou Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite significant advances in immunotherapy, its efficacy in solid tumors remains limited. Exosomes, a primary type of extracellular vesicles, can transport diverse intracellular molecules to nearby or distant cells and organs, facilitating numerous biological functions. Research has shown that exosomes have the dual ability to both activate and suppress the immune system. Their potential as anticancer vaccines arise from the capacity to carry antigens and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Exosomes derived from blood, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid serve as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Recent advancements in exosome-based therapy have highlighted its utility in drug delivery and immunotherapy. This review examines the composition and sources of exosomes within the immune microenvironment of solid tumors and delves into the mechanisms and pathways through which exosomes impact immunotherapy. We further explore the clinical potential of engineered exosomes and exosome vaccines in solid tumor immunotherapy. These insights may pave the way for exosome-based strategies in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy for solid tumors.
Remineralisation of enamel erosive lesions by daily-use fluoride treatments: network meta-analysis of an in situ study set
Authors: Creeth Jonathan , Smith Gary , Franks Billy , Hara Anderson , Zero Domenick 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Daily-use fluoride products are first-line protection against enamel wear from dietary-acid exposure (DAE). This study aimed to understand effects of fluoride concentration, fluoride salt, product form and ingredients in daily-use products on remineralisation and demineralisation, via network meta-analysis (NMA) of 14 studies using one well-established in-situ model. Remineralisation (surface-microhardness recovery, SHMR) after treatment, and protection against subsequent demineralisation (acid-resistance ratio, ARR) were measured.

Materials and methods
Healthy participants, wearing intra-oral palatal appliances holding enamel specimens eroded with standardised DAE, used test products once. Enamel hardness was assessed (Knoop microhardness probe) pre-DAE; post-DAE; after 4 h intra-oral remineralisation; and after post-remineralisation DAE. NMA was performed using a mixed-models approach on subject-level data to estimate and compare means.

Results
There was a dose-response for fluoride ion in toothpastes (0-1426ppm F; p < 0.001 for SMHR and ARR). One toothpaste (silica-based, 1150ppm F as NaF) showed a benefit for SMHR versus placebo [mean(standard error)]: 8.8%(0.6%) (33.0% vs. 24.2%; p < 0.001); for ARR: 0.27(0.03) (0.43 vs. 0.15; p < 0.001; 9 mutual studies). Use of fluoride mouthwash after fluoride toothpaste increased SMHR [2.4%(1.1%); p = 0.043; 3 studies]; the effect on ARR [0.08(0.05)] was not significant (p = 0.164). Negative effects of polyvalent metal ions and polyphosphates on SMHR (p < 0.05) were observed.

Conclusions
NMA proved effective in discriminating between fluoride-based treatments in this in-situ study, highlighting the importance of fluoride ion to enamel protection and showing formulation ingredients can affect its performance.

Clinical Relevance
Daily-use fluoride products can protect enamel against dietary acids, but careful formulation is required for optimal performance.
Objective agency measurement of different hand appearances in virtual reality with intentional binding
Authors: Hartfill Judith , Bormann Frederico , Riebandt Kevin , Kühn Simone , Steinicke Frank 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe feeling of being in control of the actions of a self-avatar (sense of agency) is a crucial factor of VR embodiment, but the exact role of avatar appearance in this context is not clear yet. Current research on sense of agency in the field of VR is often limited to subjective measures, like self-reports or questionnaires. In the field of neuroscience, however, objective measures to evaluate the agency are used, for instance, the Intentional Binding (IB) paradigm based on time estimation with the Libet clock. In this work we compare the sense of agency towards two fully articulated virtual hands with different levels of visual realism using the IB paradigm. While both hand representations elicted a sense of agency, we did not find a significant effect of appearance.
PreVISE: an efficient virtual reality system for SEEG surgical planning
Authors: Spiegler Pascal , Abdelsalam Haitham , Hellum Owen , Hadjinicolaou Aristides , Weil Alexander G. , Xiao Yiming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures that can cause a wide range of symptoms. Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) is a diagnostic procedure where multiple electrodes are stereotactically implanted within predefined brain regions to identify the seizure onset zone, which needs to be surgically removed or disconnected to achieve remission of focal epilepsy. This procedure is complex and challenging due to two main reasons. First, as electrode placement requires good accuracy in desired brain regions, excellent knowledge and understanding of the 3D brain anatomy is required. Second, as typically multiple SEEG electrodes need to be implanted, the positioning of intracerebral electrodes must avoid critical structures (e.g., blood vessels) to ensure patient safety. Traditional SEEG surgical planning relies on 2D display of multi-contrast volumetric medical imaging data, and places a high cognitive demand for surgeons’ spatial understanding, resulting in potentially sub-optimal surgical plans and extensive planning time (~ 15 min per electrode). In contrast, virtual reality (VR) presents an intuitive and immersive approach that can offer more intuitive visualization of 3D data as well as potentially enhanced efficiency for neurosurgical planning. Unfortunately, existing VR systems for SEEG surgery only focus on the visualization of post-surgical scans to confirm electrode placement. To address the need, we introduce the first VR system for SEEG planning that integrates user-friendly and efficient visualization and interaction strategies while providing real-time feedback metrics, including distances to nearest blood vessels, angles of insertion, and the overall surgical quality scores. The system reduces the surgical planning time by 91%.
Dating apps as tools for social engineering
Authors: Beckstein Martin , De Vries Bouke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn a bid to boost their below-replacement fertility levels, some countries, such as China, India, Iran, and Japan, have launched state-sponsored dating apps, with more potentially following. However, the use of dating apps as tools for social engineering has been largely neglected by political theorists and public policy experts. This article fills this gap. While acknowledging the risks and historical baggage of social engineering, the article provides a qualified defense of using these apps for three purposes: raising below-replacement birth rates, increasing social cohesion, and preventing certain genetic diseases.
Surrogate Wars: The “Best Interest Values” Hierarchy & End-of-Life Conflicts with Surrogate Decision-Makers
Authors: Fiester Autumn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConflicts involving end-of-life care between healthcare providers (HCPs) and surrogate decision-makers (SDMs) have received sustained attention for more than a quarter of a century, with early studies demonstrating a frequency of HCP-SDM conflict in ICUs ranging from 32–78% of all admissions (Abbott et al. 2001; Breen et al. 2001; Studdert et al. 2003; Azoulay et al. 2009). More recent studies not only acknowledge the persistence of clinical conflict in end-of-life care (Leland et al. 2017), but they have begun to focus on the ways in which these conflicts escalate to verbal or physical violence in the ICU (Slack et al. 2023; Bass et al. 2024; Berger et al. 2024; Sjöberg et al. 2024). I will argue that part of the explanation for the persistence–and even escalation–of ICU disputes is the incommensurable value systems held by many conflicting HCPs and SDMs. I will argue that a common value system among HCPs can be understood as a “Best Interest Values” (BIV) hierarchy, which I will argue is irreconcilable with the set of “Life-Continuation Values” (LCV) held by a sizable minority of families in the United States. I argue this values-conflict undergirds many ICU disputes. If I am correct that an incommensurable value system underlies many ICU conflicts, then it is not just ineffectual for HCPs to impose their BIV system on LCV families, but also wrong given the American commitment to values pluralism. I conclude that the way to navigate continuous ICU surrogate wars is for BIV-focused healthcare institutions to engage more constructively with LCV stakeholders.
Entropy of difference works similarly to permutation entropy for the assessment of anesthesia and sleep EEG despite the lower computational effort
Authors: Edthofer Alexander , Ettel Dina , Schneider Gerhard , Körner Andreas , Kreuzer Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEEG monitoring during anesthesia or for diagnosing sleep disorders is a common standard. Different approaches for measuring the important information of this biosignal are used. The most often and efficient one for entropic parameters is permutation entropy as it can distinguish the vigilance states in the different settings. Due to high calculation times, it has mostly been used for low orders, although it shows good results even for higher orders. Entropy of difference has a similar way of extracting information from the EEG as permutation entropy. Both parameters and different algorithms for encoding the associated patterns in the signal are described. The runtimes of both entropic measures are compared, not only for the needed encoding but also for calculating the value itself. The mutual information that both parameters extract is measured with the AUC for a linear discriminant analysis classifier. Entropy of difference shows a smaller calculation time than permutation entropy. The reduction is much larger for higher orders, some of them can even only be computed with the entropy of difference. The distinguishing of the vigilance states between both measures is similar as the AUC values for the classification do not differ significantly. As the runtimes for the entropy of difference are smaller than for the permutation entropy, even though the performance stays the same, we state the entropy of difference could be a useful method for analyzing EEG data. Higher orders of entropic features may also be investigated better and more easily.
Tuning the Physical Properties of V-Ti-Ce Alloy Superconductors Through Successive Cold-Working and Annealing at 650 °C
Authors: Khandelwal Asi , Mirza Nida , Chandra L. S. Sharath , Singh Rashmi , Sagdeo Archna , Chattopadhyay M. K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractV- Ti alloys are promising alternatives to Nb for the construction of superconducting solenoids that produce high magnetic fields. The critical current density ($$J_C$$

J
C

), which quantifies the capacity of a superconductor to carry large dissipationless current, increases in the V-Ti alloys with the addition of Ce. Here, the effects of successive cold working and annealing on the electrical resistivity, $$J_C$$

J
C

, and microstructure of the V$$_{0.59}$$

0.59

Ti$$_{0.40}$$

0.40

Ce$$_{0.01}$$

0.01

alloy are studied. The $$J_C$$

J
C

is the maximum after the second cold rolling. Annealing at 650 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C is found to nucleate and grow the $$\alpha $$
α
-phase which is detrimental to $$J_C$$

J
C

, whereas the precipitation of the $$\alpha '$$

α
′

-phase is found to improve the $$J_C$$

J
C

.
A quantitative logistic-like model of immigration: the case of Spain
Authors: Torres Sheila , Company Rafael , Jódar Lucas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper a discrete logistic–like dynamic model for the immigration arriving in Spain is constructed. The immigration population is split in two categories: regular and irregular. Taking into account economic, regulation, and political factors the model, is built in a vector form. For the sake of reliability the period of time is intentionally short, because the economic behavior and legal regulation are not stable.
Internet use and the Well-Being of the Elders. A Quantitative Study in an Aged Country
Authors: Suárez-Álvarez Ana , Vicente María Rosalía 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, digital technologies have become an essential part of our lives. At the same time, the well-being of the elderly has raised great concern in developed countries due to the ageing of the population. In this context, our paper seeks to link these two issues by analysing the relationship between digital technologies and the well-being of the elderly, taking into account that the use of the former is endogenous. Such an issue has been little addressed in the literature. For this purpose, we use microdata from the European Social Survey since it includes both measures of individuals’ subjective level of well-being and of their use of the internet. We focus on Spain because it is a rapidly aging country, which also has the highest life expectancy in the European Union. Our main findings show that using internet daily is negatively associated with individuals’ happiness, but we observe a positive relationship between internet use and their social life. Additionally, these associations are enhanced for individuals aged over 60 years.
Does green entrepreneurial orientation impact entrepreneurial success through green innovation capability in the manufacturing and services sector of emerging economies?
Authors: Rong Chen , Cristia Juan Felipe Espinosa , Marian Matac Liviu , Alzuman Abad , Comite Ubaldo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnvironmental concerns are rapidly becoming an essential component of successful entrepreneurship; consequently, managers at all levels have begun to acknowledge the significance of environmentally responsible innovation in achieving sustainable company performances. When it comes to mitigating the effects of environmental deterioration and fostering the growth of new businesses, the importance of the roles played by manufacturing and service industries cannot be overstated. Green innovation capabilities may impact the entrepreneurial performance of organizations in the manufacturing sector and the services sector, however, there has been little research on the relationship between green entrepreneurial approach and green innovation. As a result, the goal of this study is to evaluate the impact that a green entrepreneurial orientation has on an organization’s capacity for green innovation as well as the impact that this aptitude has on the success of entrepreneurial initiatives in China. The sample includes involvement from 300 workers in China’s manufacturing and service industries, all of whom were at different levels. The data analysis was performed using the partial least square approach, often known as the PLS-SEM. According to the study’s conclusions, the elements that have the greatest impact on business success are an entrepreneurial orientation toward sustainability and the potential for green innovation.
Action and Active Powers
Authors: Bianchi Robin T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the distinction between active and passive powers. Interest in the distinction has recently been revived in some quarters of the philosophy of action as some have sought to elucidate the distinction between action and passion (the changes that happen to a substance) in terms of the former (Hyman, 2015; Mayr, 2011; Lowe 2013). If there is a distinction between active and passive powers, parallel to the distinction between action and passion, what is it? In this paper, I distinguish two ways of drawing it. According to the first one, active and passive powers are distinguished by the ways in which their manifestations come about. According to the second, they are distinguished by their directedness, i.e. what they are powers to do. Both accounts are examined and the latter is defended against the former. I argue that active powers are powers to alter, modify, corrupt or change something.
Superimposed Wavefront Imaging of Diffraction-enhanced X-rays: sparsity-aware CT reconstruction from limited-view projections
Authors: Sunaguchi Naoki , Yuasa Tetsuya , Shimao Daisuke , Huang Zhuoran , Ichihara Shu , Nishimura Rieko , Iwakoshi Akari , Kim Jong-Ki , Gupta Rajiv , Ando Masami 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In this paper, we describe an algebraic reconstruction algorithm with a total variation regularization (ART + TV) based on the Superimposed Wavefront Imaging of Diffraction-enhanced X-rays (SWIDeX) method to effectively reduce the number of projections required for differential phase-contrast CT reconstruction.

Methods
SWIDeX is a technique that uses a Laue-case Si analyzer with closely spaced scintillator to generate second derivative phase-contrast images with high contrast of a subject. When the projections obtained by this technique are reconstructed, a Laplacian phase-contrast tomographic image with higher sparsity than the original physical distribution of the subject can be obtained. In the proposed method, the Laplacian image is first obtained by applying ART + TV, which is expected to reduce the projection with higher sparsity, to the projection obtained from SWIDeX with a limited number of views. Then, by solving Poisson's equation for the Laplacian image, a tomographic image representing the refractive index distribution is obtained.

Results
Simulations and actual X-ray experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in projection reduction. In the simulation, image quality was maintained even when the number of projections was reduced to about 1/10 of the originally required views, and in the actual experiment, biological tissue structure was maintained even when the number of projections was reduced to about 1/30.

Conclusion
SWIDeX can visualize the internal structures of biological tissues with very high contrast, and the proposed method will be useful for CT reconstruction from large projection data with a wide field of view and high spatial resolution.
A local-to-global inequality for spectral invariants and an energy dichotomy for Floer trajectories
Authors: Buhovsky Lev , Tanny Shira 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe study a local-to-global inequality for spectral invariants of Hamiltonians whose supports have a “large enough” disjoint tubular neighborhood on semipositive symplectic manifolds. As a corollary, we deduce this inequality for disjointly supported Hamiltonians that are $$C^0$$

C
0

-small (when fixing the supports). In particular, we present the first examples of such an inequality when the Hamiltonians are not necessarily supported in domains with contact-type boundaries, or when the ambient manifold is irrational. This extends a series of previous works studying locality phenomena of spectral invariants [9, 13, 15, 20, 25, 27]. A main new tool is a lower bound, in the spirit of Sikorav, for the energy of Floer trajectories that cross the tubular neighborhood against the direction of the negative-gradient vector field.