bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Parental Perspectives of Childhood Speech and Language Disorders Across 10 Countries: A Pilot Qualitative Study
Authors: Jensen de López Kristine M. , Lyons Rena , Novogrodsky Rama , Baena Sofia , Feilberg Julie , Harding Sam , Kelić Maja , Klatte Inge S. , Mantel Tina C. , Tomazin Marina O. , Ulfsdottir Thora S. , Zajdó Krisztina , Rodriguez-Ortiz Isabel R. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Although researchers have explored parental perspectives of childhood speech and language disorders, most studies have been conducted in English-speaking countries. Little is known about parental experiences across countries, where procedures of language screening and services for language disorders differ. The authors participated in the COST

1

Action network IS1406, “Enhancing Children's Oral Language Skills Across Europe and Beyond,” which provided an opportunity to conduct cross-country qualitative interviews with parents. The aim of this pilot study was to explore ways in which parents construed and described speech and language disorders across countries.

Method
Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with parents from 10 families in 10 different countries. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings
The overall theme was “acknowledging parental expertise.” The parents described, in detail, ways in which their children's speech and language (dis)abilities had an impact on the children's everyday life. Three subthemes were identified: impairment, disability, and changes over time.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that, across a range of countries, parents demonstrated contextualized understandings of their children's speech and language (dis)abilities, along with the everyday functional implications of the disorders. Hence, despite not holding professional knowledge about language disorders, the voices, views, understandings, and personal experiences of parents in relation to their child's disorder should be listened to when planning therapy services.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14109881
A Mandarin Chinese Reading Passage for Eliciting Significant Vocal Range Variations
Authors: Yen You-Zhen , Wu Chia-Hsin , Chan Roger W. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
There is a lack of standardized Mandarin reading text material that could potentially elicit significant variations in fundamental frequency (F0) and in vocal intensity for clinical voice evaluation. In this study, a phonetically balanced “Three Bears Passage” was developed based on the classical “Goldilocks” story for this purpose. The hypothesis was that the vocal range (F0 range and Intensity range) elicited while reading aloud the passage could be similar to that of the voice range profile (VRP) obtained with sustained vowel production and significantly different from that while reading an existing standard Mandarin passage.

Method
One hundred twenty young adults (60 men and 60 women, aged 25.22 ± 3.74 years) without vocal pathologies and vocal training participated in the study. Vocal range data, including F0-related measures and intensity-related measures, were obtained with Praat in order to construct VRPs for the sustained /a/ and to construct speech range profiles for passage reading.

Results
F0 range and intensity range for the new passage were significantly larger than those for the existing Mandarin passage for both male and female participants. In particular, the F0 range for the passage was not significantly different from that of the VRP for male participants.

Conclusions
These findings suggested that the new passage could allow individuals without vocal training to demonstrate a large vocal range in both F0 and vocal intensity, in a passage reading setting in a relatively short time. Further studies should be pursued with the passage to investigate the vocal range and vocal potential of individuals with voice disorders.
Service Delivery Schedule Effects on Speech Sound Production Outcomes
Authors: Rehfeld David M. , Sulak Tracey N. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeChildren with speech sound disorders feature prominently on the caseloads of speech-language pathologists working in schools, with many receiving services once or twice weekly for 20–30 min. This study compared the outcomes of services provided twice weekly for 30 min to those provided 4 times weekly for 15 min to examine their effectiveness in remediating speech sound disorders in an elementary school setting.MethodA total of 35 students were recruited from an existing public school caseload for participation. Participants were randomly assigned to receive school-based speech therapy services for either 30 min twice weekly or 15 min 4 times weekly. There were no differences between groups in age, gender, or the amount of time spent in general education. Growth was measured by the percentage of Individualized Education Program goals mastered and the percentage of sounds produced correctly in isolation.ResultsAfter one calendar year, there was a negligible difference between groups on both the percentage of Individualized Education Program goals mastered and the percentage of sounds produced correctly in isolation. On average, both scheduling configurations were effective in meeting students' needs.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that children with speech sound disorders receiving school-based speech therapy services can benefit from a variety of scheduling options. Awareness of such options is an invaluable resource to speech-language pathologists wanting to provide effective and efficient services. Future research should continue investigating service delivery models' effects in applied settings.
Multiple molecular outflows and fragmentation in the IRDC core G34.43+00.24 MM1
Authors: Isequilla N. L. , Ortega M. E. , Areal M. B. , Paron S. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The fragmentation of a molecular cloud that leads to the formation of high-mass stars occurs on a hierarchy of different spatial scales. The large molecular clouds harbor massive molecular clumps with massive cores embedded in them. The fragmentation of these cores may determine the initial mass function and the masses of the final stars. Therefore, studying the fragmentation processes in the cores is crucial to understanding how massive stars form.
Aims. Detailed studies toward particular objects are needed to collect observational evidence that shed light on star formation processes on the smallest spatial scales. The hot molecular core G34–MM1, embedded in the filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G34.34+00.24 located at a distance of 3.6 kpc, is a promising object for studying fragmentation and outflow processes.
Methods. Using data at 93 and 334 GHz obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) database we studied in great detail the hot molecular core G34–MM1. The angular resolution of the data at 334 GHz is about 0.′′8, which allows us to resolve structures of about 0.014 pc (~2900 au).
Results. We found evidence of fragmentation toward the molecular hot core G34–MM1 on two different spatial scales. The dust condensation MM1–A (about 0.06 pc in size) harbors three molecular subcore candidates (SC1 through SC3) detected in 12CO J = 3–2 emission, with typical sizes of about 0.02 pc and an average spatial separation among them of about 0.03 pc. From the HCO+ J = 1–0 emission, we identify, with better angular resolution than previous observations, two perpendicular molecular outflows arising from MM1–A. We suggest that subcores SC1 and SC2, embedded in MM1–A, respectively harbor the sources responsible for the main and the secondary molecular outflow. Finally, from the radio continuum emission at 334 GHz, we marginally detected another dust condensation, named MM1–E, from which a young (tdyn ~ 1.6 × 103 yr), massive (M ~ 5 M⊙), and energetic (E ~ 6 × 1046 ergs) molecular outflow arises.
Conclusions. The fragmentation of the hot molecular core G34–MM1 at two different spatial scales, together with the presence of multiple molecular outflows associated with it, would support a competitive accretion scenario. Studies like this shed light on the relation between fragmentation and star formation processes occurring within hot molecular cores, only accessible through high angular resolution interferometric observations.
Systematic description of wind-driven protoplanetary discs
Authors: Lesur Geoffroy R. J. 
Published: April 2021

Aims. Planet-forming discs are believed to be very weakly turbulent in the regions outside of 1 AU. For this reason, it is now believed that magnetised winds could be the dominant mechanism driving accretion in these systems. However, currently, no self-consistent approach can describe discs that are subject to a magnetised wind in a way similar to the α disc model. In this article, I explore the parameter space of wind-driven protoplanetary discs in a systematic manner and present scaling laws that can be used in reduced models in a similar way to α disc models.
Methods. I computed a series of self-similar wind solutions, assuming that the disc is dominated by ambipolar and Ohmic diffusion. These solution were obtained by searching for stationary solutions in the finite-volume code PLUTO using a relaxation method and continuation.
Results. Self-similar solutions are obtained for values of plasma β ranging from 102 to 108 for several Ohmic and ambipolar diffusion strengths. Mass accretion rates of about 10−8 M⊙ yr−1 are obtained for the poloidal field strength β = O(104) or equivalently, 1 mG at 10 AU. In addition, the ejection efficiency is always close to 1, implying that wind mass-loss rate can be higher than the inner mass accretion rate when the wind-emitting region is large. The resulting magnetic lever arms are typically lower than 2, possibly reaching 1.5 in the weakest field cases. Remarkably, the mean transport properties (accretion rate and mass-loss rate) mostly depend on the field strength and much less on the disc diffusivities or surface density. The disc internal structure is nevertheless strongly affected by Ohmic resistivity, strongly resistive discs being subject to accretion at the surface while ambipolar only models lead to mid-plane accretion. Finally, I provide a complete set of scaling laws and semi-analytical wind solutions, which can be used to fit and interpret observations.
Conclusions. Magnetised winds are unavoidable in protoplanetary discs as soon as they are embedded in an ambient poloidal magnetic field. Very detailed disc microphysics are not always needed to describe them, and simplified models such as self-similar solutions can capture most of the physics seen in full 3D simulations. The remaining difficulty to set up a complete theory of wind-driven accretion lies in the transport of the large-scale field, which remains poorly constrained and is not well understood.
Kind und Karriere, aber wann? – Mixed Methods Research zum
Thema Medizinstudium als alternativer Zeitpunkt für die
Familiengründung
Authors: Quak Sara , Hofmann Marzellus , Ehlers Jan P. , Zupanic Michaela 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Medizin wird immer weiblicher. Vor dem Hintergrund des
häufig Frauen betreffenden Konflikts zwischen Kind und Karriere,
stellt sich für eine neue Generation junger Ärztinnen und
Ärzten die schwierige Frage nach der Vereinbarkeit. Dabei spielt
auch der richtige Zeitpunkt der Familiengründung eine große
Rolle. An der privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke wurden
Studierende mit und ohne Kind dazu befragt, inwiefern sich das
Medizinstudium als geeigneter Zeitpunkt erweist.
Methodik Es wurde eine Fragebogenerhebung durchgeführt, an der
insgesamt 423 Medizinstudierende teilnahmen. Weitere 12 Medizinstudierende
mit Kind wurden zudem mittels leitfadengestütztem Interview zu ihrer
Situation befragt und die Ergebnisse mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse
ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Medizinstudierende mit Kind sehen die Vorteile der
Familiengründung im Studium v. a. für Familie und Karriere,
die Nachteile hingegen für das Studium an sich und die Finanzen. Die
Medizinstudierenden ohne Kind sind mehrheitlich unentschlossen
bezüglich des idealen Zeitpunktes der Familiengründung, das
Studium sehen jedoch nur 18% als idealen Zeitpunkt an. Dem
gegenüber stehen die Medizinstudierenden mit Kind, welche zu
50% das Studium als idealen Zeitpunkt für die
Familiengründung sehen, den Zeitpunkt nach dem Studium hingegen nur
zu 5%.
Schlussfolgerung Es sollten Konzepte auf politischer und
hochschulpolitischer geschaffen werden, die es ermöglichen,
über den gesamten Karriereweg als Mediziner/in Kind und
Karriere zu vereinen. Diese Konzepte sollten finanzielle
Entlastungsmöglichkeiten und eine flexible Studienorganisation
berücksichtigen.
Evaluation der Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen deutschen Bevölkerungsumfrage
Authors: Brenk-Franz Katja , Weiser Mareike , Hammelstein Philipp , Brähler Elmar , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungBisherige Studien zu Sexual Sensation Seeking (SSS) und der Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS) wurden überwiegend an nach dem Alter sowie dem Geschlecht selektierten Stichproben durchgeführt. In dieser Arbeit wurde die deutsche Version der SSSS anhand einer repräsentativen Umfrage an Männern und Frauen evaluiert, welche die gesamte Altersspanne der erwachsenen deutschen Bevölkerung umfasst. Die Gütekriterien und die Faktorenstruktur der deutschen Version der Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale wurden anhand einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von N=2420 Probanden (54% Frauen, 46% Männer) im Alter von 18–93 Jahren (M=50,44, SD=16,97) untersucht. Die SSSS zeigt gute Werte hinsichtlich der internen Konsistenz der Skala (α=0,91). Korrelationen mit Außenkriterien (Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking: r=0,56; Sexual Compulsivity Scale: r=0,68; p < 0,001 für beide Vergleiche) deuten auf konvergente Validität hin. Alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Effekte in erwarteter Richtung stützen die Konstruktvalidität: Männer erzielten über alle Altersklassen hinweg höhere Werte. Die Werte waren von der jüngsten bis zur höchsten Altersklasse für beide Geschlechter abnehmend. Die eindimensionale Struktur der Skala ließ sich faktorenanalytisch (EFA) nicht eindeutig bestätigen. Die SSSS erwies sich als zuverlässiges Verfahren zur Messung von SSS in der deutschen Bevölkerung. Sexual Sensation Seeking sollte perspektivisch nicht nur als Risikofaktor eingestuft, sondern auch ressourcenorientiert als positiver Prädiktor für Sexualität in die Forschungen eingebunden werden.
Endoscopic management of superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Moss Alan , Arvanitakis Marianna , Arnelo Urban , Beyna Torsten , Busch Olivier , Deprez Pierre H. , Kunovsky Lumir , Larghi Alberto , Manes Gianpiero , Napoleon Bertrand , Nalankilli Kumanan , Nayar Manu , Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique , Seewald Stefan , Strijker Marin , Barthet Marc , van Hooft Jeanin E. 
Published: April 2021

Main recommendations
1 ESGE recommends that all duodenal adenomas should be considered for endoscopic resection as progression to invasive carcinoma is highly likely.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
2 ESGE recommends performance of a colonoscopy, if that has not yet been done, in cases of duodenal adenoma.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
3 ESGE recommends the use of the cap-assisted method when the location of the minor and/or major papilla and their relationship to a duodenal adenoma is not clearly established during forward-viewing endoscopy.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.
4 ESGE recommends the routine use of a side-viewing endoscope when a laterally spreading adenoma with extension to the minor and/or major papilla is suspected.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
5 ESGE suggests cold snare polypectomy for small (< 6 mm in size) nonmalignant duodenal adenomas.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.
6 ESGE recommends endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) as the first-line endoscopic resection technique for nonmalignant large nonampullary duodenal adenomas.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.
7 ESGE recommends that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal adenomas is an effective resection technique only in expert hands.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
8 ESGE recommends using techniques that minimize adverse events such as immediate or delayed bleeding or perforation. These may include piecemeal resection, defect closure techniques, noncontact hemostasis, and other emerging techniques, and these should be considered on a case-by-case basis.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
9 ESGE recommends endoscopic surveillance 3 months after the index treatment. In cases of no recurrence, a further follow-up endoscopy should be done 1 year later. Thereafter, surveillance intervals should be adapted to the lesion site, en bloc resection status, and initial histological result. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
N-p-Toluenesulfinylimidazole: A New in situ Reagent for the Mild and Efficient Synthesis of p-Toluenesulfinate Alkyl Esters and Aryl Esters
Authors: Hitchcock Shawn R. , Shaw Jessica L. , Austermuehle Brad J. , Witte Jordan M. , Dorsey Timothy R. , Delach Christina , Hamaker Christopher G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new synthetic methodology has been developed for the synthesis of sulfinate alkyl and aryl esters. The methodology involves the combination of p-toluenesulfinic acid and 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to create the putative reagent sulfinylimidazole. The process spontaneously releases carbon dioxide upon the addition of the CDI to the acid suggesting the rapid formation of the proposed reagent. Reaction of this reagent with a series of alcohols (primary, secondary, and tertiary) afforded the corresponding sulfinate alkyl esters in good to excellent yields by the addition of alcohols. It was also possible to form the related sulfinate aryl esters by treating the proposed sulfinylimidazole with selected phenols (phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, and thymol). The aryl esters were formed in excellent conversion based on analysis of the 500 MHz 1H NMR spectra of the crude reaction mixtures.
Assisted by Hydrogen-Bond Donors: Cinchona Quaternary Salts as Privileged Chiral Catalysts for Phase-Transfer Reactions
Authors: Jurczak Janusz , Majdecki Maciej , Niedbała Patryk , Tyszka-Gumkowska Agata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis short review is devoted to asymmetric phase-transfer reactions that employ hybrid ammonium Cinchona catalysts supported by possessing hydrogen-bond donor groups. We present recent advances utilizing this type of catalyst in the field of biphasic reaction systems. The main emphasis is placed on the advantages of additional functional groups present in the structure of the catalyst, such as hydroxy, amide, (thio)urea or squaramide.1 Introduction2 Phase-Transfer Hybrid Cinchona Catalysts with a Free Hydroxy Group3 (Thio)urea Hybrid Cinchona Catalysts4 Hybrid Amide-Based Catalysts Bearing a Cinchona Scaffold5 Conclusions
Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Fluorohalobenzenes
Authors: Langer Peter , Iqbal Shoaib , Sharif Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganofluorine compounds have gained interest in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, diagnostics, materials, and catalysis. Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of fluorinated arenes made a tremendous impact in chemical and biological research and made organofluorinated molecules more readily available. This review gives a brief summary of Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of fluorinated benzene derivatives. In this context, various aspects, such as regio­selectivity, efficiency, and applications, are discussed.1	Introduction2	Organofluorine Compounds3	Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of Fluorohalobenzenes3.1	Fluorophthalates3.2	Reactions of Pentafluorohalobenzenes3.3	Tetrafluorohalobenzenes3.4	Trifluorohalobenzenes3.5	Difluorohalobenzenes3.6	Monofluorohalobenzenes3.7	Halo(trifluoromethyl)benzenes3.8	Trifluoromethyl Pyridines4 S	Summary
Analyzing Inbreeding and Estimating Its Related Deficiencies in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Cristian Rodrigues do , Basílio Dyowani dos Santos , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Cansanção Isaac Farias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis cross-sectional study aimed to observe number of marriages between relatives in São Francisco Valley municipalities and correlations between degrees of kinship and susceptibility to genetic diseases. Three hundred and nine (309) consanguineous couples were interviewed in five municipalities. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22), Chi-square testing, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE). In Pariconha-AL for first cousins, the results revealed significantly higher numbers of disabled children than for third cousins (p < 0.05). Of these, the prevalence for physical disability was significant (χ2 = 19.203, df = 4, p = 0.001). In the cities of Glória-BA (χ2 = 11.652, df = 3, p = 0.020) and OlhoD'água do Casado-AL (χ2 = 8.123, df = 4, p = 0.044), physical disabilities were also significantly higher in children from unions of first-degree cousins than for other degrees of kinship. Visual impairment was more significant in first-degree cousins in Glória-BA (χ2 = 14.206, df = 3 p = 0.007); yet among third-degree cousins, visual impairment in the municipality of Santa Brígida-BA was more prevalent (χ2 = 6.416, df = 2 p = 0.040). Inbreeding, as revealed in the evaluated cities, reinforces the hypothesis for developing genetic diseases.
Effect of irradiation of silicon photodiode arrays for ITER radial x-ray camera investigated by measuring response and current–voltage characteristics
Authors: Li Chaozhi , Zhao Jinlong , Cao Hongrui , Hu Liqun , Chen Kaiyun , Zhang Zijun 
Published: April 2021

The response and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of irradiated and non-irradiated silicon photodiode arrays (SPDAs) for use in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor camera are measured and compared. Irradiation experiments are carried out using a uranium–zirconium hydride pulsed reactor. The total equivalent 1 MeV neutron fluence with energy above 0.01 MeV is ∼9.89 × 1013 n cm−2. The output signal of the irradiated SPDA (XD2) shows a nonlinear trend during the irradiation experiment. The final signal is about 5.6% of the original one in the visible light region. Tests on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) show that the XD2 signal is 70%–80% of that of a non-irradiated SPDA (XD3). This indicates that irradiated SPDAs can still observe plasma radiation after exposure to 9.89 × 1013 n cm−2 neutron fluence. However, because the neutron fluence of external camera detectors will reach 1.4 × 1016 n cm−2 in D-T phase, the SPDAs might become unusable at some point. The responsivity ratio of irradiated and non-irradiated SPDAs is about 4%–20% from 7 to 13 keV. The degradation of responsivity is related to the energy level. After irradiation, the reversed dark current rises from 0.1 to 10 nA to a level of around 1 µA. In terms of tests of XD2 on EAST, zero bias is a good working condition for irradiated SPDAs.
BMP heterodimers signal via distinct type I receptor class functions
Authors: Tajer Benjamin , Dutko James A. , Little Shawn C. , Mullins Mary C. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
TGF-β family heterodimeric ligands show increased or exclusive signaling compared to homodimeric ligands in both vertebrate and insect development as well as in therapeutically relevant processes, like osteogenesis. However, the mechanisms that differentiate heterodimer and homodimer signaling remain uncharacterized. We show that BMP antagonists do not account for the exclusive signaling of Bmp2/7 heterodimers in zebrafish development. We found that overexpressed homodimers can signal but surprisingly require two distinct type I receptors, like heterodimers, indicating a required activity of the heteromeric type I receptor complex. We further demonstrate that a canonical type I receptor function has been delegated to only one of these receptors, Acvr1. Our findings should inform both basic and translational research in multiple TGF-β family signaling contexts.