bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesalahan Peserta Didik Kelas X SMK Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Berdasarkan Tahapan Kastolan
Authors: Putri Suci Aisyah , Musdi Edwin 
Published: September 2021

<p><em>Mathematics is one of the important subjects to improve the mathematical problem solving ability of Vocational High School (SMK) students. However, there are still many who make mistakes when solving problem solving problems. The purpose of this article is to describe student errors in solving problem solving problems based on the Kastolan stages. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques in this study were written tests and field notes. The research subjects were students of class X SMK. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 types of errors made by students in solving problem solving problems according to the Kastolan stages, namely (1) conceptual errors, there are 42% of students who make this error; (2) procedural errors, 28% of students made this mistake; and (3) technical errors, there are 33% of students who make mistakes.</em><em></em></p><p> </p>
Developing “My Plate” Poster as a Nutrition Education Media of Pregnant Women in Efforts to Prevent Stunting
Authors: Atasasih Hesti , Aziz Alkausyari 
Published: September 2021

One of nutritional problems experienced by toddlers is stunting, which is a short or very short body condition in children due to chronic malnutrition that occurs from pregnant women to children aged 2 years. Nutrition education is a method and effort to increase knowledge of nutrition and eating behavior in order to create optimal nutritional status. Education for the “My Plate” poster is important for pregnant women to implement a healthy diet and to meet daily nutritional needs as an effort to prevent stunting. This research was conducted by interview method. From the result of this research, a poster of “My Plate-Pregnant Women” has been designed as a nutrition education media.

Keywords: Nutriotion Education Poster, Pregnant Women, Stunting
La gentrificación de los climas urbanos y su influencia sobre las temperaturas de la superficie terrestre y el COVID-19 durante el año 2020 en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Romero Hugo , Henrique Mendes Flávio 
Published: September 2021

Las investigaciones exploratorias sobre el comportamiento espacial del COVID-19 se han concentrado en las correlaciones entre las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad y sus determinantes socio-económicos. Reconociendo la indudable importancia de las condiciones climáticas y sus cambios estacionales en los brotes y difusión de la pandemia, se han correlacionado también, con resultados diversos, con informaciones climáticas a escala de ciudades, países y regiones globales, sin explorar las características diferenciales de los climas al interior de las ciudades y su relación espacial con las tasas de incidencia del COVID-19. El clima urbano de Santiago, representado en este caso por la distribución espacial de las temperaturas superficiales a través del año 2020, se asocia con las tasas de incidencia de la pandemia a escala de comunas o conjuntos de barrios, observando condiciones de injusticias socioambientales que son urgentes de resolver.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR MELALUI BERMAIN BALAP KARUNG MEMINDAHKAN BOLA PADA KELOMPOK B TK AISYIYAH AL HUSNA KECAMATAN GEMUH KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Prawidyasari Firma 
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang yang mendorong penulis melakukan penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak kelompok B. Hal ini dapat dilihat ketika melakukan gerakan berayun, mengangkat, bergoyang, merentang, memeluk, melengkung, memutar, membungkuk dan mendorong. Keterampilan ini membutuhkan keseimbangan atau kestabilan tubuh, yaitu gerakan yang membutuhkan keseimbangan pada taraf tertentu seperti, berputar dan mengayunkan kedua tangan di tempat. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak didik; (2) peningkatan kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak melalui kegiatan bermain balap karung memindahkan bola. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah anak TK Aisyiyah Al Husna Gemuh Kendal yang berjumlah 21 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah observasi, dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar melalui bermain balap karung memindahkan bola yang dilakukan pada anak TK Aisyiyah Al Husna Gemuh Kendal dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui bermain balap karung memindahkan bola dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak. Hal tersebut ditandai dari ketercapaian indikator keberhasilan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan peningkatan hasil belajar dari siklus I, dapat diketahui bahwa ketuntasan yang dicapai sebanyak 11 anak (52,38%). Pada siklus II yang ketuntasan yang dicapai sebanyak 80,95% atau 17 anak dinyatakan berhasil, dari pencapaian hasil pembelajaran siklus II sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan yang telah ditetapkan dalam penelitian ini, sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan perbaikan pada siklus berikutnya. Disimpulkan bahwa melalui bermain balap karung memindahkan bola dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar.
Lighting the fuse for interaction and negotiation: The potential of information-gap digital puzzle games for language learning
Authors: Hofmeyr Michael 
Published: September 2021

While the existing CALL literature identifies a range of positive learning outcomes for second language acquisition (SLA) that may be achieved through digital game-based activities, Peterson (2013) points to the need for more theory-led research to shed more light on the learning processes involved. To this end, a case study was carried out in which three upper-intermediate-level learners of English at a Japanese university played the cooperative puzzle game Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes (2015) over four sessions. An interaction analysis was performed on their linguistic output in order to identify instances of negotiation for meaning and associated interactional strategies theorised to benefit learning within a cognitive-interactionist SLA framework. The findings confirm that negotiation for meaning occurred and suggest that breakdowns in communication resulting from vague language usage or from gaps in lexical knowledge are most likely to elicit beneficial forms of negotiation. In addition, learners are shown to have made regular use various interactional strategies, either to repair breakdowns in communication or to pre-empt them. Clarification requests and elaborations on previous utterances are shown to have occurred and the data suggest that these two strategies are the most likely to produce substantial modified output that may facilitate SLA.
Pendugaan Emisi Gas Karbondioksida Akibat Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Di Kabupaten Ketapang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Saharjo Bambang Hero , Putri Citra Septriantri 
Published: September 2021

Forest and land fires are phenomena that often occur in Indonesia and have a negative impact on life. One of them is carbon dioxide gas emissions which influences global climate change. Therefore, information is needed regarding the estimation of carbon dioxide emissions in fire-prone areas, one of them is West Kalimantan, as a consideration in the activity to control forest and land fires. The method that is applied in this research is by estimating the area of the burned area then estimating carbon dioxide gas which refers to the loss of burning biomass. The results showed that the number of hotspots detected in Ketapang Regency sequentially in 2013, 2015, and 2017 amounted to 368, 2824 and 141 hotspots which were dominated by mixed dry-land agriculture, swamp shrub and shrub. Meanwhile, emissions of carbon dioxide gas produced in 2013, 2015, and 2017 in mineral soils amounted to 644 135.92 tons CO2, 3 455 169.72 tons CO2 and 293 967.87 tons CO2, while in peat-lands emissions emitted are 48 162.91 tons of CO2, 919 640.45 tons of CO2 and 10 835.71 tons of CO2.
Key words: carbon dioxide gas emissions, hotspots, Ketapang District, land cover
Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Reklamasi PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara terhadap Penggunaan Mulsa Organik Kardus
Authors: Hilwan Iwan , Rosani Meida 
Published: September 2021

Plant growth determined factors such as environmental manipulation of seeds, including maintenance and pest disease prevention integrated. Intensive maintenance needs to be done especially when the plant is still young-old. Use organic mulch cardboard including part of plant maintenance to suppress weed competition with staple crops at a young age. In addition the use of mulch, organic boxes are expected to give positive influence against the growth of staple crops and chemical properties as well as land reclamation in soil biology. The results showed that organic mulching cardboard gives positive influence against the reclamation plant growth based on parameters of high and in diameter. The development of plants under around staple crops can be suppressed. Chemical properties of the soil showed improvement in some elements of the chemistry of the soil with organic mulch using cardboard. The diversity of types of makrofauna the soil around the plants with mulch treatments staple cardboard categories include being with Shannon's Diversity index value-Wiener of 1.57 while in treatment control categories include low value of 1.48.
Keywords: cardboard mulch, plant growth, reclamation, weed
Penyebaran Jenis Jirak (Symplocos fasciculata Zoll.) di Resort Kawah Ratu Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Jawa Barat
Authors: Hilwan Iwan , Wiraatmadja Aldi Perdana 
Published: September 2021

Jirak (Symplocos fasciculata Zoll.) is one of the native species in the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, especially in the Kawah Ratu resort. This plant can be used as a natural coloring agent, in addition to plant parts such as leaves can also be eaten and used as medicine. Because of the benefits of jirak, this plant is considered important to be cultivated. This study aims to analyze the density and distribution pattern of jirak (Symplocos fasciculata Zoll.) at Kawah Ratu Resort, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. Data collection was carried out in two blocks located at the Kawah Ratu Resort of Mount Halimun Salak National Park, namely the Leles block and the Pamengpeuk block using the single plot method. The results showed that jirak distribution pattern in the two observation blocks was grouped.
Keywords: Distribution, Jirak, Kawah Ratu Resort, Symplocos fasciculata Zoll., Gunung Halimun Salak National Park
Stress gradation of medical practitioners during the pandemic (covid-19) along with ways to de-stress; a cross sectional study at tertiary care hospitals using Kessler’s 10 psychological distress scale.
Authors: Toqueer Umair , Zardad Muhammad Usama , Toqueer Mahwish , Riyaz Anila , Khan Sana , Nazir Muhammad Usman 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To determine stress grades of doctors working in tertiary care hospitals by using a standard measuring tool i.e. Kessler 10 psychological distress scale along with finding out different coping methods adopted by doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Tertiary Care Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Period: 15 March 2020 to 20 June 2020. Material & Methods: A structured questionnaire was sent online to the junior and senior doctors working during the pandemic. The data was automatically collected with the help of Google docs and then analysed using SPSS 26. Results: Of the 219 doctors who completed the questionnaire 142 were males (64.8%) and 77 were females (35.2%). Interestingly, analysis of the score revealed that 38.8% of the doctors were found likely to be well, 16.4% of the doctors were likely to have mild disease and 20.5% were likely to have a moderate disorder while 24.2% were likely to have a severe disorder. Further analysis showed that the mean of Kessler’s score was greater for junior doctors as compared to Consultants which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.044). Conclusion: The impact of Corona virus disease (COVID-19) on the stress levels of health workers warrants considerable attention as it was declared a pandemic. Assessing the psychological impact and ways to tackle them will not only help the health care workers during this pandemic but will be beneficial in future pandemics as well.
Efficacy and safety of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 and fructo- oligosaccharides in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Authors: Khlinov I. B. , Khlynova R. I. , Voronova E. I. , Garanina E. V. , Gurikova I. A. , Kobzar T. I. , Loseva M. E. , Odinets S. V. , Ryabinina O. A. , Sagutdinova L. T. , Freze E. B. 
Published: September 2021

The aim is to study the effect and safety of using the antispasmodic and synbiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 in combination with fructooligosaccharides) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.Materials and methods — prospective randomized controlled trial of 80 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Patients in the main group (40 people) took mebeverine hydrochloride 200 mg 2 times a day and synbiotic (5x109 CFU Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 and 5.2 g fructooligosaccharides) during 28 days. Patients in the control group (40 people) received mebeverine hydrochloride 200 mg 2 times a day during 28 days. Before and after treatment, patients underwent the GSPS questionnaire.Results — in control group clinical remission was achieved in 52.6% of patients. In the main group clinical remission was established in 92.3%, the increase was 39.7% (p <0.01). The relative risk of clinical remission when synbiotic included in the treatment for patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation is 1.75 (95% CI 1.28–2.4; p <0.01). When analyzing adverse events of the compared treatment regimens, no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.75).Conclusion — the results of study demonstrate a significant increase in the effectiveness of therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation with the combined use of antispasmodic and synbiotic.
STUDY OF GILL, KIDNEY AND LIVER STRUCTURE OF Pangasius hypophthalmus IN THE TANJUNG KUDU LAKE AND SAIL RIVERS, RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Irene Christin , Eddiwan Eddiwan , Windarti Windarti 
Published: September 2021

Environmental condition and water quality in general may affects the health status of fish and it represents in the structure of fish organs such as the gill, kidney, and liver. To understand the structure of the gill, kidney, and liver of Pangasius pangasius that live in the Tanjung Kudu Lake (good water quality) and in the Sail River that has been polluted, a study has been conducted from November to December 2020. Twelve fishes (6 fishes/river) were analyzed. The tissue was formalin-fixed and processed through alcohol series, paraffin-embedded, 5m sliced and Hematoxylin-Eosin stained. The histological samples were then studied using a binocular microscope Olympus CX 21. The abnormality level of the tissue was categorized using the Histopathological Alteration Indeks (HAI). Results showed that the fish tissues from both study sites indicate light abnormality signs such as hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and lifted epithelia. The HAI was 2 for fish from the Tanjung Kudu Lake and 3 for the fish from the Sail River. This index indicates that the abnormality may be cured as the water quality improved.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PELAKU USAHA TRANSPORTASI BUS TERHADAP KERUGIAN KONSUMEN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN (Studi Kasus di PT. MMC Tour dan Travel Pekanbaru)
Authors: Indra Primahardani  
Published: September 2021

Permasalahan ini bertitik tolak dari Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Dalam pasal 4 ayat (1) dijelaskan bahwa konsumen berhak mendapatkan keamanan, kenyamanan dan keselamatan atas barang dan jasa yang dipergunakannya. Namun dalam kenyataannya konsumen banyak dirugikan. Permasalahan yang sering muncul adalah konsumen sering mengeluhkan terjadinya kerusakan yang disebabkan dalam melakukan pengangkutan terkadang pengangkut main lempar dan banting saja tanpa memperdulikan apakah barang tesebut mudah rusak atau hancur. Ketika konsumen yang dirugikan hendak melakukan penuntutan, pelaku usaha menolak untuk memberikan ganti rugi dengan melemparkan tanggung jawab kepada konsumen dikarenakan pelaku usaha bersembunyi dibalik perjanjian pengangkut yang dibuat sepihak yang isinya merugikan konsumen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Hukum Survei artinya informasi dikumpulkan melalui responden dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis. Lokasi penelitian di PT. MMC Tour dan Travel Pekanbaru. Populasi yang terkait dengan penelitian ini terdiri dari (a) Direktur di PT.MMC Tour dan Travel Pekanbaru Sebanyak 1 orang; (b) Manajer di PT.MMC Tour dan Travel Pekanbaru Sebanyak 1 orang; (c) Pengguna Jasa Transportasi Bus di PT. MMC Tour dan Travel Pekanbaru sebanyak 436 orang. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Pertama,Tanggung jawab PT. MMC Tour Travel Pekanbaru terhadap kerugian yang dialami oleh konsumen baik berupa kerusakan ataupun kehilangan barang yang dititipkan di bagasi adalah berdasarakan perjanjian pengangkutan yang dikeluarkan oleh PT. MMC Tour Travel Pekanbaru. Namun perjanjian ini dinilai tidak sesuai dengan aturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku
Histopathological Study of Endometrium in Patients of Perimenopausal Age Group in a tertiary care Hospital in West Bengal
Authors: Chakraborty Nabanita , Chunder Rajasri , Mukherjee Barnali , Chakraborty Soham 
Published: September 2021

Background: Menopause is an important event in women’s life and it marks the end of a woman`s reproductive life. Perimenopause is the interval in which a woman`s body makes a natural shift from regular cycles of ovulation & menstruation to irregular cycles and various forms of abnormal uterine bleeding. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a very frequent complaint from women in the perimenopausal age group. The histological diagnosis of DUB and its proper management is very essential in this age group.
Aims and Objective: Primary aim of our study was to identify the spectrum of histological changes that occur in the endometrium in perimenopausal age group and to identify the demographic pattern of each histological change.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-two specimens of endometrial biopsy obtained from the patients in the perimenopausal age group of 40-50 years attending the Gynaecology and Obstetrics department were studied.
Results: 71.15% cases of DUB was diagnosed amongst the 52 endometrial biopsy specimens in perimenopausal age group and Secretory endometrium is most common histological pattern.
Conclusion: This study reflects a spectrum of endometrial histology present during perimenopausal age. This study has also highlighted the correlation of endometrial histology with final diagnoses of the patients, and this may help in diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological diseases of this specific age group in future.
Sub-specialty in neurosurgery: Time has come for Nepal
Authors: Thapa Amit 
Published: September 2021

With over 90 practicing neurosurgeons in the country, should we be developing sub-specialty in neurosurgery?
The number of trained manpower has risen steadily, since neurosurgery was first practiced in Nepal in 1961.1Though we are halfway to the milestone of achieving a ratio of 1 neurosurgeon for every 1 lac population, the situation here is much better than in other Sub-Saharan African and south east Asian countries.2 All the seven states have now neurosurgeons working in its hospitals, though most are still concentrated in the capitals and major towns.
Recently for the last five years, despite of lack of training opportunities for sub-specialty in the country, we have seen young neurosurgeons getting trained in skull base, spine, minimally invasive or endoscopic neurosurgery, functional neurosurgery, pediatric neurosurgery and vascular neurosurgery from abroad. There is a variation in nature and period of training, ranging from observership of a few weeks to fellowship of over a year. The interest seems to be getting stronger as the facilities and complexities of cases are increasing. In such scenarios, rather than few individuals we need units or teams offering these sub-specialized services from key centers and start supervised systematic training for the interested.
MODIFIED CARBON-CONTAINING ALUMINUM CHLORIDE CATALYSTS
Authors: Huseynova G. , Aliyeva N. 
Published: September 2021

Catalytic systems based on metallic aluminum Al and carbon tetrachloride CCl4, modified by Mg, CuCl2, NiCl2, MgCl2, have been developed. EPR and IR spectroskopiya studies of synthesized samples of catalysts were carried out. Based on the EPR spectrum, the presence of a Cu-C -bond was revealed in the Al + CCl4 catalyst with the modifying additive CuCl2.
Using IR spectra, it was determined that catalysts without modifiers and with modifiers are a mixture of two complexes based on Corbin-type structures. In this case, the catalysts differ in the ratio of the main structures with double C=C and triple C≡C bonds. Catalysts with modifying additives NiCl2 and Mg have significantly fewer of these structures than a catalyst without modifiers, and a catalyst with Mg is characterized by the smallest number of structures containing C=C bonds.
It is shown that the catalysts obtained on the basis of Al and CCl4 and its various modifications are complexes, the carbon-containing part of which is represented by polycumulene and polyine structures containing ethylene and acetylene bonds.
Transcriptome-wide analysis of intracranial artery in patients with moyamoya disease showing upregulation of immune response, and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and DNA repair
Authors: Kanamori Fumiaki , Yokoyama Kinya , Ota Akinobu , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Karnan Sivasundaram , Maruwaka Mikio , Shimizu Kenzo , Ota Shinji , Uda Kenji , Araki Yoshio , Okamoto Sho , Maesawa Satoshi , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Natsume Atsushi 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the internal carotid artery and the secondary formation of collateral vessels. Patients with MMD have ischemic attacks or intracranial bleeding, but the disease pathophysiology remains unknown. In this study, the authors aimed to identify a gene expression profile specific to the intracranial artery in MMD.

METHODS
This was a single-center, prospectively sampled, retrospective cohort study. Microsamples of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were collected from patients with MMD (n = 11) and from control patients (n = 9). Using microarray techniques, transcriptome-wide analysis was performed.

RESULTS
Comparison of MCA gene expression between patients with MMD and control patients detected 62 and 26 genes whose expression was significantly (p < 0.001 and fold change > 2) up- or downregulated, respectively, in the MCA of MMD. Gene set enrichment analysis of genes expressed in the MCA of patients with MMD revealed positive correlations with genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, the dendritic cell pathway, cytokine pathway, and interleukin-12 pathway, and negative correlations with genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and DNA repair. Microarray analysis was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

CONCLUSIONS
Transcriptome-wide analysis showed upregulation of genes for immune responses and downregulation of genes for DNA repair and oxidative phosphorylation within the intracranial artery of patients with MMD. These findings may represent clues to the pathophysiology of MMD.