bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification the Hub Genes of Hirudin Intervention of Diabetic Nephropathy Based On Bioinformatic Analysis and Molecular Docking
Authors: Lin Wei , Jiang Chen , Yu Hangxing , Li Jiaqi , Liu Xinyue , Zhong Ke , Fan Guorong , Yang Hongtao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the common complications of diabetes, it can cause a disproportionate burden. Leeches are widely used to treat DN in China, and hirudin is the main component of leeches. However, its pharmacological mechanisms and molecular targets are unclear. This work aimed to explore new biomarkers of DN and reveal the mechanism of hirudin in DN. Methods: Expression microarray datas between kidney tissues of DN and control individuals were obtained from the GEO database, and differentially expressed genes were identified as DN-related targets using the robust rank aggregation analysis. The SEA, GeneCards and SwissTargetPrediction databases were used to predict targets of hirudin. A protein-protein interaction network of DN-hirudin was conducted by Cytoscape software. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to explore the involved pharmacological mechanism of hirudin in treatment of DN. And molecular docking was adopted to predict the hub targets of hirudin. Results: A total of 30 significant DEGs (16 up- and 14 down-regulated) were identified. ATF3, SLC22A8 and TGF-Β1 are likely as new biomarkers of DN. The 42 candidate targets were identifyed in PPI network. GO analysis revealed that these targets were enriched with ubiquitin protein ligase, transcription factor binding and nuclear transport. The KEGG pathways were enriched, including AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Focal adhesion. The docking results showed that hirudin could easily dock with ITGA4, EGFR and ESR1. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that hirudin is involved in DN therapy through a multi-targeted, multi-pathway approach. It provides a basis for further research on its mechanism of action.
Isopropyl 3-(3, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-Hydroxypropanoate, A Novel Metabolite From Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Protects Against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Attenuating the Canonical and Non-Canonical Inflammatory Pathway of Pyroptosis
Authors: Zhang Mei-Ling , Wang Meng , Chen Jian , Liu Yan-Jie , Zheng Xiao-Hui , Xiao Ying-Chou , Zhao Xue-Yi , Zhao Ye , Niu Wen , Li Zhi-Chao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The pathological characteristics of acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are pulmonary edema resulting from pulmonary permeability increasing. The main cause is uncontrolled inflammatory response leading to the damage of pulmonary vascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial barriers. However, there has not been effective drugs against ALI. In this study, we investigated the function of Isopropyl 3-(3, 4-dihydroxypheny l)-2-hydroxypropanoate (IDHP), a novel metabolite of Danshen dripping pill having anti-inflammatory effect, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI in mice, and its underlying mechanisms.Methods: Pretreatment of IDHP in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice were observed on survival rate, pulmonary morphologic changes, total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue and BALF. To further explore its mechanism on ALI, THP-1 macrophages was studied to analyse propotosis related proteins and co-culture with epithelial or endothelial cells to assess protection function of IDHP in vitro.Results: As revealed by survival study, pretreatment with high dose of IDHP reduced the mortality of mice from ALI. IDHP pretreatment significantly improved LPS-induced lung pathological changes, reduced protein leakage and lung myeloperoxidase activity. IDHP also inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 in BALF and lung tissue. Meanwhile, IDHP decreased the expression of active-caspase1 (in canonical pyroptosis pathway), caspase4/5 (non-canonical pyroptosis pathway), Nrlp3, mature IL-1β, mature IL-18, Asc speck formation, and cleaved Gsdmd, all these are required for pyroptosis, in LPS stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, IDHP also decreased ROS production in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages, inhibited the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Zo-1) in endothelial cells, and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in supernatants of epithelial or endothelial cells, co-cultured with LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Conclusions: Pretreatment of IDHP improves survival rate and ameliorates LPS-induced ALI in mice possibly via inhibiting canonical and non-canonical pyroptosis pathways.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice to Wards Hepatitis B Prevention Among Debre Tabor Health Science College Students, South Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia 2021
Authors: Zimamu Libsuye Yalgaw , Adal Gashaw Mekete , Getu Bisrat Dessie , Wubet Gashaw Mehiret 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B infection is caused by the hepatitis B virus which attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly contagious virus which is 50-100 times more infectious than HIV but have similar mode of transmission. Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world. Hepatitis B infection is one of the major public health problems and is the tenth leading cause of death. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards hepatitis B prevention among students in Debre Tabor Health Science College. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 health science students in Debre tabor, town September to october,2021. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique after proportionally allocating the sample size from the total number of students, and finally study subjects was selected by systematic random sampling based on their list studying at Debre tabor health science college. The data were collected by trained data collectors using a structured self-questionnaire. The collected data were checked, coded and entered to SPSS version 20, and for data cleaning and analysis. RESULT: The response rate was 84.1% (n = 355). A total of 262(73.8%) of the students knew about the transmission of HBV infection. Majority of the students (73.5%) agreed for vaccination against HBV infection. About 10.4%, 16.3%, 5.6%, 15.5%, 10.4%, 5.1%, and 5.07% of were responds know wearing of gloves, wearing of goggles, adequate disposal of sharp materials, avoid patients diagnosed with hepatitis B, multivitamin/Blood Tonic, use antibiotics after contact, and other protective measures taken to protect against hepatitis B infection students knew about the preventive measures against HBV infection. CONCLUSION: The overall awareness regarding HBV disease was found to be deficient among the health science students.
Shock Index In Obstetric Hemorrhage As An Applicable Method To Anticipate Adverse Outcome
Authors: Saleh Hend S. , R.Mahdy Entesar , Elsayad Ahmed H , M.Mahfouz Eman , Abdou Ahmed Mahmoud , Radwan Mohamed El-Husseny , Sherif Hala E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To establish the ability of shock index and the different vital signs to predict the adverse maternal outcomes in the cases of obstetric hemorrhage . Methods: This prospective - retrospective study comprised patients with primary PPH or hemorrhage due to obstetric cause who were referred to zagazig University hospital Egypt , from January 2018, to December 2019 Data of vital signs of them ; systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure and shock index (heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure) at time of arrival were investigated . Adverse outcome like ,death , admission to the intensive care unit , massive transfusion and invasive procedures were revised and analyzed. AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ) was used for shock index in comparison to each vital sign for predicting the adverse maternal outcomes. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were assessed to detect the best predictor.Results: The mean age of participants years (SD)was 29.2 ( ±7.3) of admission and 44% had altered. The most Common cause of hemorrhage was Iatrogenic ; either misuse of uterotonic or traumatic 30.2% The mean value of HR 108.1±26.6 , SBP 101± 28.7 mmHg , DBP 58.9±21.3 mmHg , SI 1.153±0.541 and mean blood loss 1922 (0.862) .For death, SI and SBP had the highest AUC value at 0.88 (0.81–0.95) with P=0.213). For ICU blood transfusion ≥ 5iu , admission and invasive surgical interventions, SI had the uppermost AUROC value at 0.76, 0.78 and 0.61. Sensitivity for all adverse outcomes of SI ≥ 0.7,is h from 99 to 90.0 . For death prediction SI≥ 0.7 had very low specificity ;0.6{0.2-1.3}and of SI ≥ 0.9 ;6.4{2.8-7.1}Conclusion: Shock index is a strapping applicable predictor of adverse outcomes. for patients who suffering from hypovolemic shock due to obstetric hemorrhage,
MRI-Based Radiomics Nomogram To Predict Intraoperative Hemorrhage of Placenta Previa
Authors: Song Ye , Zhu Liping , Chen Dali , Li Yongmei , Xi Qi , Zhou Liping , Gu Yidong , Yue Yongfei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Placenta previa is associated with higher percentage of intraoperative and postpartum hemorrhage, increased obstetric hysterectomy, significant maternal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to develop and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based nomogram to preoperative prediction of intraoperative hemorrhage (IPH) for placenta previa, which might contribute to adequate assessment and preoperative preparation for the obstetricians.Methods: Between May 2015 and December 2019, a total of 125 placenta previa pregnant women were divided into a training set (n = 80) and a validation set (n = 45). Radiomics features were extracted from MRI images of each patient. A MRI-based model comprising seven features was built for the classification of patients into IPH and non-IPH groups in a training set and validation set. Multivariate nomograms based on logistic regression analyses were built according to radiomics features. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the model. Predictive accuracy of nomogram were assessed by calibration plots and decision curve analysis. Results: In multivariate analysis, placenta position, placenta thickness, cervical blood sinus and placental signals in the cervix were signifcantly independent predictors for IPH (all p < 0.05). The MRI-based nomogram showed favorable discrimination between IPH and non-IPH groups. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the estimated and the actual probability of IPH. Decision curve analysis also showed a high clinical benefit across a wide range of probability thresholds. The AUC was 0.918 ( 95% CI, 0.857-0.979 ) in the training set and 0.866( 95% CI, 0.748-0.985 ) in the validation set by the combination of four MRI features.Conclusions: The MRI-based nomograms might be a useful tool for the preoperative prediction of IPH outcomes for placenta previa. Our study enables obstetricians to perform adequate preoperative evaluation to minimize blood loss and reduce the rate of caesarean hysterectomy.
Peculiarities of labor of medical and pharmaceutical workers: a comparative analysis of legislations of Kazakhstan and some OECD countries
Authors: Galiakbarova Guzal Gazinurovna 
Published: December 2021

This article discusses some issues of labor regulation of medical and pharmaceutical workers, the peculiarities of health systems in some countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, a comparative analysis of their experience and Kazakhstan is carried out.
The specificity of the legal status of medical and pharmaceutical workers is also considered, which is explained by the fact that its regulation is based not only on general norms of labor law, but also on special regulations affecting various features of the activities of this category of workers. At the same time, it is noted that the basis of the legislative regulation of the work of medical and pharmaceutical workers is the generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as the norms of national legislation.
The article focuses on the fact that among the variety of sources concerning the legal status of various categories of workers, there is no separate comprehensive study devoted to the peculiarities of legal regulation of both medical and pharmaceutical workers, in connection with which the chosen topic of scientific research is updated.
Malnutrition could Predict 3-month Functional Prognosis in Mild Stroke Patients: Findings from a Nationwide Stroke Registry
Authors: Qin Haiqiang , Wang Anxin , Zuo Yingting , Zhang Yaqing , Yang Bo , Wei Na , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Previous studies showed the inconsistent effects of malnutrition contributing to poor prognosis of stroke. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of malnutrition on 3-month functional prognosis of stroke patients with different stroke severity assessed by the national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS). Patients with first-ever stroke were consecutively enrolled in a nationwide, multicenter, and prospective registry from March 2007 to January 2008.

Methods:
Nutritional status was assessed at admission. Malnutrition was defined by any abnormality of 6 nutrition indicators, including body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), haemoglobin, albumin, and prealbumin. Stroke patients were classified into mild (NIHSS<8) and severe (NIHSS≥8) groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the risk of poor functional prognosis [ modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≥3] and mortality at 3-month follow-up in mild or severe patients with malnutrition at admission. A total of 755 patients with first-ever stroke were enrolled in the study.

Results:
Multivariable analysis showed that malnutrition independently contributed to a higher risk of mRS 3-6 at 3-month for mild stroke patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.34], but didn’t for severe stroke patients (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.53-1.54) after adjusting for confounders including age, NIHSS, and infection et al. After adjusting for the potential confounders, malnutrition was still an independent risk factor for 3-month poor functional prognosis in mild stroke patients.

Conclusion:
Further investigation may be needed to illustrate the effects of improving nutritional status on stroke patients.
Vaccination Opportunities in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with
Cladribine Tablets
Authors: Furlan Roberto , Moiola Lucia , Riva Agostino , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Uccelli Antonio , Salvetti Marco , Battistini Luca 
Published: December 2021

:
COVID 19 pandemic and mass vaccination campaigns have revealed the situation of the
most vulnerable patients. In this work, we focused our attention to patients who have Multiple Sclerosis
(MS), particularly in treatment with cladribine tablets, trying to understand if and when it is
possible to administer the vaccine successfully. In light of the novel topic, we studied the existing
literature and analysed experiences with previous vaccinations, such as influenza and VZV, as well
as data from countries where vaccination campaigns had already begun. Overall, we have taken into
account the mechanism of action, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic of cladribine, and the
changes in the immune system after its administration, together with the preliminary data about the
humoral response to influenza, VZV, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in cladribine treated patients.
In conclusion, data showed that the use of cladribine tablets seems to permit flexibility regarding
vaccination timing and we suggest that vaccination in those patients should be safe and effective.
The current COVID 19 pandemic has re-ignited the interest in vaccines and vaccination procedures.
The importance of including fragile individuals has increased as a result of mass vaccination.
Millions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) around the world are debating whether they
can safely receive their vaccine shot with the same efficacy despite receiving immune-modulating
or immune-suppressive treatments. In the absence of conclusive empirical data, we will review and
discuss the available evidence and the reasonable conclusions for one specific treatment, namely
cladribine tablets (Mavenclad).
Natural Product-based Nanomedicine: Recent Advances and Issues for the
Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lin Teoh Seong , Woon Choy Ker , Hui Wong Kah , Abas Razif , Haron Muhammad Huzaimi , Das Srijit 
Published: December 2021

:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration
caused by different pathologies. The most significant challenges in treating AD include
the inability of medications to reach the brain because of its poor solubility, low bioavailability,
and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, current evidence suggests the
disruption of BBB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the critical challenges
in treating AD is the ineffective treatments and their severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers
an alternative approach to facilitate the treatment of AD by overcoming the challenges in drug
transport across the BBB. Various nanoparticles (NP) loaded with natural products were reported to
aid in drug delivery for the treatment of AD. The nano-sized entities of NP are great platforms for
incorporating active materials from natural products into formulations that can be delivered effectively
to the intended action site without compromising the material's bioactivity. The review highlights
the applications of medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicinebased
approaches for the treatment of AD. The combination of medicinal plants and nanotechnology
may lead to new theragnostic solutions for the treatment of AD in the future.
Colchicine Induced Mutation in Nigella sativa Plant for the Assessment of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Parameter Vis-A-Vis In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Gupta Garima , Memon Anjuman Gul , Pandey Brijesh , Khan Mohd Sajid , Iqbal Mohammed Shariq , Srivastava Janmejai Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Nigella sativa (NS), an herbaceous medicinal plant recognized for its diverse beneficial applications as a spice and traditional medicine.

Objective:
The present study was targeted to explore the antioxidant potential of Nigella sativa in response to colchicine-induced mutation. The stress condition brought due to mutation may affect the medicinal value (anti-inflammatory activity) of the plant.

Method:
Nigella sativa seeds were imperiled to colchicine treatment at various concentrations viz. 0.00625, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1% subjected for analysis.

Result:
The colchicine treated plant (polyploid/ mutant) at 0.025% concentrations showed significant variation at morpho-physiological and biochemical level with respect to control (p value < 0.05). At the morphological level, the plant showed enlargement of shoot length (33.760±2.295mm), root length (13.546±1.535 mm), and leaf area (22.836±1.524 mm2). The analysis of seeds showed enhanced seeds per pod (49.333±4.163), weight of seeds (2.810±0.010g), length (3.133±0.089mm), and width (1.123±0.044mm) when compared with control. The physiological parameters also showed significant enhancement for stomatal index (35.456±4.751%), chlorophyll A (9.053±0.865 µg/gfw), chlorophyll B (4.990±0.763 µg/gfw), and total carotene content (773.190±5.906 µg/gfw). However, the fresh weight/ dry weight ratio (10.738±3.031) was found to be deprived. Furthermore, biochemical parameters viz. total flavonoid (seeds 1.973±0.134; plant 1.703 ± 0.064 mg eqv QE/g of tissue), total phenolic (seeds 15.690±1.495; plant 8.220±0.070 mg eqv GA/g of tissue), total carotene (seeds nil; plant 773.190±5.906 µg/gfw), and total antioxidant (seeds 0.445±0.102; plant 0.386±0.010 mM eqv AA/g tissue) were significantly elevated at 0.025% of colchicine treatment. When the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was targeted, a significant escalation was observed for inhibition of albumin denaturation (97.466±2.835%), proteinase inhibitory activity (62.290±6.475%), heat-induced hemolysis (89.873±3.533%), hypotonicity induced hemolysis (92.572±3.527%), anti-lipoxygenase activity (96.010±3.098%), and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity (68.296±3.920%) at 500µg/mL concentration of extract.

Conclusion:
Thus, it can be concluded that 0.025% of colchicine can induce significant (p value < 0.05) mutation in the Nigella sativa plant, which may lead to alterations at morpho-physiological and biochemical levels. Such treatment induces stress in the plant and leads to elevated antioxidant levels. This in turn elevates the therapeutic potential of the plant. Hence, our study is a novel and open-ended finding to explore various other medical properties of the plant with respect to colchicine-induced mutation.
The Journey of Deinococcus radiodurans; A Perspective
Authors: Baldodiya Gajendra Mohan 
Published: December 2021

:
Deinococcus radiodurans has been recognized for its robustness and recorded in the
Guinness Book of World Records as the world's toughest known bacterium. In essence, the title
comes from its ability to survive extreme conditions such as severe drought (desiccation) and radiation
tolerance up to 15000 Gy, which is more than 250 times of E. coli and about 3000 times of humans.
Due to its high tolerance to all kinds of genotoxic stress, such as desiccation, UV, X-rays,
and oxidants, D. radiodurans is a well-suited model organism for microbial radiation resistance
studies. The DNA damage-responsive gene expression is an important component of post-stress recovery
where the cell shows a great multiplicity of genomes leading to the highly proficient recombinational
DNA repair. This article pitches light on the unique properties of D. radiodurans, unfolding
its journey so far as well as important molecular discoveries, prospects, and biotechnological
applications.