bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea ice and water classification on dual-polarized Sentinel-1 imagery during melting season
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhu Tingting , Spreen Gunnar , Melsheimer Christian , Huntemann Marcus , Hughes Nick , Zhang Shengkai , Li Fei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We provide a new sea ice and water classification product with high spatial and high temporal coverage using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The classification is applied in the Fram Strait region in the Arctic during melting seasons, when the contrast between backscatter intensities of different ice types observed by SAR is reduced due to the melted ice surface and wet snow on sea ice. The wet or melted snow strongly reduces the SAR penetration depth and thus suppresses the volume scattering contribution of sea ice. Furthermore, within the marginal sea ice zone (MIZ)ambiguities between ice and water can result from the effects of winds and ocean currents on the ocean SAR backscatter. On the other hand, under calm conditions the contrast between thin ice and flat open water can be reduced, and thusdecrease the separability of some ice. In summary, the melting season represents the most challenging time of the year forreliable ice-water classification from SAR data. We propose here a new approach to overcome these problems by using amixture statistical distribution based conditional random fields (MSTA-CRF) model. To obtain reliable ice-waterclassification whilst maintaining a fast computation time suitable for operational applications, the MSTA-CRF adopts a superpixel approach in the fully connected CRF model. The MSTA-CRF is a semantic model, which integrates statisticaldistributions (Gamma, Weibull, Alpha-Stable, etc.) to model the backscatters of ice and water and overcome the effects ofspeckle noise and wind-roughened water. Dual-polarization Extended Wide (EW) mode Sentinel-1A/1B SAR data with40 m spatial resolution is available several times per day within the Fram Strait region. Observations from June toSeptember during the six years 2015–2020 are collected and classified into ice and water categories. The classification performance of algorithm is evaluated using ice charts from the Ice Service at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute(MET Norway). The methods of training sample selection, and their application to processing large data volumes andautomatic classification of ice-water are discussed. In the experiment part, we demonstrate that the MSTA-CRF can providea good performance with about 90 % accuracy for ice-water classification, which is better than most of other state-of-theart algorithms. Compared with the 89 GHz microwave radiometer ASI sea ice concentration product, the sea ice extent in Fram Strait derived from MSTA-CRF algorithm is lower during melting seasons from 2015 to 2020, and the monthly Juneto September sea ice area does not change so much in 2015–2017 and 2019–2020, but it has a significant decrease in 2018.
Real-world experience with new migraine treatments in Brazil
Authors: Krymchantowski Abouch Valenty , Krymchantowski Ana Gabriela Ferreira , Jevoux Carla da Cunha 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Migraine is a highly prevalent disorder. Current treatments are far from desired regarding efficacy and tolerability. Recent knowledge has been indicating targets whose antagonism may improve outcomes. Blocking CGRP or its receptor with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can interfere with migraine mechanisms and decrease the frequency of attacks.Erenumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab and epitnezumab were recently approved for migraine treatment and the first three are available in Brazil. Although the figures of efficacy were not astonishing, tolerability and higher adherence were demonstrated. However, real-world experience is limited in Brazil, since these new therapies have been used for only a year.
Objective We present a summary of pivotal studies with the four mAb and preliminary results of this short-term option for migraine in real-world Brazilian patients.
Methods One hundred twelve episodic or chronic migraineurs received the prescription of a mAb during the last 12 months in a tertiary center. This initial study was performed with 83 patients who should have taken, at the time of this writing, at least three-monthly doses of a mAb, which was chosen by a neurologist with full time dedication to headache medicine.Results Sixty-four women (77.1%) and 19 men (22.9%), with episodic (n=49; 59%) or chronic migraine (n=34; 41%), mean age of 43.6 years and mean headache history of 26.2 years were retrospectively studied. Baseline frequency was 14.8 headache days/month in the three months prior to the mAb use. Erenumab was prescribed to 40 (48.2%) patients; galcanezumab was given to 37 (44.6%) patients and fremanezumab was prescribed to 6 (7.2%) migraineurs. The mean headache frequency among the 77 patients who returned was reduced to 5.6 headache days/month in the following three months. Considering the headache frequency reduction of ≥50%, 44 (57%) migraine sufferers achieved a meaningful decrease. Mild adverse events were presented by 24.6% of the patients.
Conclusion The authors present the first Brazilian experience in real-world patients using different mAbs in migraineurs' preventive treatment.
rua, o mato e a foto
Authors: Bressan Laís Meneguello 
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho discute a forma como a fotografia, sobretudo aquelas dispostas em muitas residências do sertão pernambucano, auxilia no reconhecimento e fortalecimento da unidade familiar sertaneja. Estas imagens, que podem ou não compor uma coesa genealogia familiar, quando analisadas pelos que as detém remontam a diferentes histórias que correntemente tangem a história política local, uma vez que nesta região as noções de política e família muitas vezes se entrelaçam. O trabalho apresenta também um panorama das diferentes composições iconográficas nas zonas rurais e urbanas das residências sertanejas, que igualmente auxiliam na construção de suas identidades. A memória familiar no sertão está sempre, de uma forma ou de outra, tangenciando a política, e nessa relação a imagem age como o elo conector e fortalecedor de lembranças que possibilitam a continuidade da unidade e coesão familiar nos dias de hoje. Neste processo a rua e o mato entrelaçam-se através do tripé família, política e imagem, pela admiração que nutre a população do segundo por seus representantes na primeira, o que acaba também por refletir as dinâmicas vigentes de apadrinhamento político.
Management and Rights Amidst Plural Worlds
Authors: Van Der Drift Mijke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sylvia Wynter discusses Eurocentric thought as a closed cognitive order. In this article, Mijke van der Drift interrogates this cognitive closure as a style of thought that is intertwined with institutions. By inverting the attention Foucault gives to the subjects under scrutiny, van der Drift shows that the focus on those that maintain the institution, the managerial class, reveals how power and knowledge configure this contraction of perception. Van der Drift argues that institutions are central to this process because it offers alignment of purpose and understanding by means of rights and discipline. Consequently, this alignment leads to an indifference to other ways of worlding that Philomena Essed and Isabel Hoving describe as “smug ignorance.” Van der Drift argues that this finds root in the institution, rather than being a harmful side effect that needs to be addressed. To contrast institutional alignment, the author sketches a pluralist ethics that offers an alternative mode of relationality and collective organization.
Exploring the growth and development of restorative justice in Bangladesh
Authors: Asadullah Muhammad , Morrison Brenda 
Published: March 2021

Exploring the growth and development of restorative justice in Bangladesh
Although restorative justice is a new concept in Bangladesh (BD), resolving wrongdoing outside the criminal justice system is not a new practice. Community-based mediation, known as salish, has been practised for centuries – withstanding colonisation, adaptation and distortion. Other practices, such as village courts and customary justice, are also prevalent in Bangladesh. Of these, village courts are currently the most widely practised in Bangladesh. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ Bangladesh) formally introduced restorative justice in 2013 with the support of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), NGOs, academics and government agencies. Most of the literature on community-based justice practice focuses on village courts; academic, peer-reviewed research on restorative justice in Bangladesh is scarce. This qualitative study explores the growth and development of restorative justice in Bangladesh. Using in-depth qualitative interviews and survey, the study retraces the genesis of restorative justice in Bangladesh. In recent times, GIZ Bangladesh has been key to the development of restorative justice, which was further expanded by UNDP’s Activating Village Courts project, as well as a graduate course on restorative justice at the University of Dhaka. This study also finds contentious themes raised by the key informants, specifically the role of INGOs, government and community.
Sustained restorative dialogue: exploring a proactive restorative process to help address campus sexual harm
Authors: Giles-Mitson Amy 
Published: March 2021

Sustained restorative dialogue exploring a proactive restorative process to help address campus sexual harm
Campus sexual harm is a widespread problem that demands approaches that focus on prevention, alongside those that respond to specific incidents of harm. This article presents the outcomes of a proactive initiative – a sustained restorative dialogue – that uses restorative circle practice in the university setting to better understand the issue of sexual harm, and identify practical steps that focus on its reduction. Speech data from post hoc interviews with participants of the dialogue is analysed in order to demonstrate the outcomes of the process, and highlight the value of using a dialogic model to address the issue on campus. Findings suggest that the process has very real potential for enhancing understanding and awareness and increasing communication on the topic, these being important precursors to transforming the cultural norms and campus climates that foster sexual harm.
Potential Biogas Production Generated by Mono- and Co-digestion of Food Waste and Fruit Waste (Durian Shell, Dragon Fruit and Pineapple Peel) in Different Mixture Ratio under Anaerobic Condition
Authors: Muenmee Sutharat , Prasertboonyai Kanyarak 
Published: March 2021

This work investigated the potential of generating biogas from mono-digestion of various substrates such as food and fruit waste (e.g., durian shell, dragon fruit peel and pineapple peel) and co-digestion in different combinations of a co-substrate as food waste as well as different types of fruit waste (durian shell, dragon fruit peel and pineapple peel). The mixture of food waste and fruit waste ratio varied as follows: 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75, which was based on weight. The batch experiments were carried out using 125 ml anaerobic digesters and were incubated for 50 days. For a mono-substrate, food waste produced the highest amount of methane gas (60.63 ± 1.02 ml/gvs) followed by durian shell (34.93 ± 1.30 ml/gvs), pineapple peel (31.70 ± 1.60 ml/gvs), and dragon fruit peel (30.12 ± 1.20 ml/gvs), respectively. The highest amount of methane gas came from food waste mixed with durian shell (FW75:D25), and it was on a higher level than food waste mixed with dragon fruit peel (FW75:DF25) and pineapple peel (FW75:P25). The highest methane gas production of co-digestion which was observed at the proportion of food waste and durian shell was 75:25 and produced higher content of methane gas than the highest methane gas production of mono-digestion (food waste) according to the high organic compound and optimum pH value in the system. The results showed that the co-digestion of durian shell and food waste improved methane production and reduced the startup time compared with their mono-digestion. On the other hand, pineapple peel was not suitable for co-digestion with food waste due to a decreasing pH value in the system.
Biosorption of Cu and Zn in a Batch System via Dried Macroalgae Halimeda opuntia and Turbinaria turbinata
Authors: Madkour Amany , Dar Mahmoud 
Published: March 2021

Biosorption is the most favourable technique for the treatment of heavy metals as it is fast, powerful, and low cost, it takes place in a wide range of temperatures as well as it can be used for almost all types of heavy metals. In this study, the biosorption technique adsorbs Cu2+ and Zn2+ on the dried macroalgae (Halimeda opuntia and Turbinaria turbinata) in a batch system. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process are initial metal ion concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 25 mg/L), pH between (4.5 and 5.2), biomass dosage (1 gm) and agitation speed 150 rpm applied at contact time (30, 60 and 120 min). The significant-high average removals of Cu2+ by H.opuntia (> 96%) were recorded in concentrations of 10, 15 and 25 ppm at 120 min and the highest average removals by T.turbinata (81.07%, 78.32% and 74.7%) were recorded in concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 ppm at 120 min. The lowest average removal of Cu2+ 89.22% was recorded by H.opuntia and 49.9% was recorded by T.turbinata in a concentration of 25 ppm at 30 min. In the same way, significant-high average removals (>94%) were recorded in a concentration of 10 ppm at 120 min for H.opuntia and in a concentration of 5 ppm by at 60 min for T.turbinata. In conclusion, the dead biomass of marine algae can provide a promising and low-cost technique for removing heavy metal pollutants in medical industries.
An Efficient Technique for Disease Prediction by Using Enhanced Machine Learning Algorithms for Categorical Medical Dataset
Authors: Anusuya Veera , Gomathi V 
Published: March 2021

In the 20th century, it is evident that there is a massive evolution of chronic diseases. The data mining approaches beneficial in making some medicinal decisions for curing diseases. But medical data may consist of a large number of data, which makes the prediction process a very difficult one. Also, in the medical field, the dataset may involve both the small database and extensive database. This creates the study of a complex one for disease prediction mechanism. Hence, in this paper, we intend to use a practical machine learning approach for disease prediction of both large and small datasets. Among the various machine learning procedures, classification, and clusters method play a significant role. Therefore, we introduced the enhanced classification and clusters approach in this work for obtaining better accuracy results for disease prediction. In this proposed method, a process of preprocessing is involved, followed by Eigen vector extraction, feature selection, and classification Further, the most suitable features are selected with the use of Multi-Objective based Ant Colony Optimization (MO-ACO) from the extracted features for increasing the classification and clusters. Here we have shown the novelty in every stage of the implementation, such as feature selection, feature extraction, and the final prediction stage. The proposed method will be compared with the existing technique on the measure of precision, NMI, execution time, recall, and Accuracy. Here we conclude with the solution having more accuracy for both small and large datasets.
Elastic Responses of a Composite Shell Structure Subjected to Impact Loading
Authors: HER Shiuh-Chuan , LIAO Ching-Chun 
Published: March 2021

Received 17 December 2019; accepted 17 June 2020
This work investigated the elastic responses of a composite laminate shell subjected to a transverse low-velocity impact. The governing equation based on the equations of motion of both the impactor and target was developed to detetrmine the impact force. The displacement of the shell subjected to unit impulse loading was solved using the finite element method. A non-linear differential equation in terms of the indentation depth was derived by incorporating the Hertzian contact law and theory of convolution. Runge-Kutta method was employed to solve the non-linear integro-differential equation, leading to the determination of the impact force at the point of contact between the impactor and the composite shell. The elastic responses including the displacement and stress of the composite laminate shell were evaluated using the finite element method by exerting the impact force on the apex of the composite shell. Present approach was verified with the analytical, experimental and numerical results reported in the existing literatures. The influences of stacking sequence of the composite laminate shell on the impact responses were examined through a series of parametric studies. In addition, impact responses of the spherical shells with different materials such as steel, aluminum and glass were studied.
Study of Varied Drip Irrigation and Fertigation Regimes on Curd Yield and Water Productivity of Cauliflower
Authors: Sidhartha G. , Pasha Md. Latheef , Devi M. Uma , Ramulu V. 
Published: March 2021

An experiment on cauliflower was carried out at Water Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during rabi 2019-2020. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with nine treatments consists of three drip irrigation levels (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 Epan) as main plots and three NK fertigation levels (Control, 40:50 and 80:100 kg N and K2O ha-1) as subplots. The results revealed that drip irrigation at 1.0 EPan recorded significantly higher curd yield ( 18.7 t ha-1) followed by 0.8 EPan ( 17.1 t ha-1) and lower curd yield ( 15 t ha-1) was obtained at 0.6 EPan. Fertigation at 80:100 kg N - K2O ha-1 recorded significantly higher curd yield (23.8 t ha-1) than 40:50 kg N - K2O ha-1 (19.7 t ha-1) and lower curd yield (7.2 t ha-1) was obtained in control treatment. Higher water productivity (9 kg m-3) of cauliflower recorded at lower drip irrigation regime of 0.6 Epan than 0.8 (8 kg m-3) and lower water productivity (7.2 kg m-3) recorded at higher drip irrigation regime of 1.0 Epan. It was recommended that scheduling of drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan and fertigation scheduled at 80:100 kg N - K2O ha-1 to obtain higher curd yield where as high water productivity was observed in drip irrigation regime of 0.6 Epan.
Doses of Са2+, Mg2+, K+, Nа+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ in Mountain Spring and Mineral Waters in Hydration Reaction During Sport Training and Recovery; Combination with Vitamins
Authors: Ignatov Ignat , Angelcheva Mariana , Angushev Ivan 
Published: March 2021

The human body consists of 55-60% water in the case of young adults. There are numerous studies conducted in the 21st c. concerning hydration reaction in sports training and recovery.
Dehydration is a natural process during training and competition. Athletes lose both water and minerals. This is accompanied by formation of lactic acid and inorganic phosphate as well as by decrease of calcium (Ca2+). We have studied optimal doses of water and mineral intake during training, post-competition recovery and rest days. Electrochemically activated Catholyte water was successfully applied in sports practice. Bulgarian mineral and mountain spring waters were proposed as favorable during athletes’ training. In addition, herbs used as food supplements were classified according to their vitamin content. Our aim was to verify the efficiency of proposed intake doses for athletes’ hydration. They also include vitamins which, in combination with water, have anti-inflammatory effect and enhance sports performance. We have observed a tendency towards faster elimination of biochemical compounds appearing as side effects of athletic competitions and training.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Constituents of Rasam, a Traditional South Indian Soup
Authors: Sharma Ayush , Raja Muthu Kumaradoss Mohan Maruga , Manne Ravi 
Published: March 2021

Aims: To evaluate the physical and chemical properties of rasam, a traditional south Indian soup. Each ingredient present in rasam are known for their medicinal value individually. Moreover, rasam has being suggested as a general control measure in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 by Ministry of AYUSH. For formulation designing the properties of material under study is generally determined. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the physiochemical properties of rasam so that it would be convenient to chose a suitable dosage form.
Study Design: The physical and chemical studies was carried simultaneously in order to achieve the confirmatory results.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was performed at Parul Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. The study took about 45 days.
Methodology: The physical parameters evaluated were pH, viscosity, density, boiling range, surface tension, miscibility, refractive index and loss on drying. The chemical evaluation included preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening.
Results: The pH of rasam was 3.916 ±0.0133, viscosity was 0.956 cp, density was 0.993 g/mL, relative density was 0.995, boiling point was 110.3333 ± 0.333, surface tension was 107.093 N/m, refractive index was 1.37, and loss on drying was 80%. It contains several chemical constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, etc.
Conclusion: The evaluated physical and chemical properties of rasam would provide a gateway for the formulation researchers to follow-up with various dosage forms designing.
Feasibility study of skin dosimetry with TLD sheets for measuring the effect of 3D printed bolus in radiotherapy
Authors: Miyasaka Yuya , Ichikawa Mayumi , Akira Takagi , Yamazawa Yoshifumi , Chai Hongbo , Souda Hikaru , Ishizawa Miyu , Sato Hiraku , Iwai Takeo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) sheet is a measurement device coated with manganese‐doped LiB3O5 in sheet form. The sheet is 0.2‐mm thick and flexible. Hence, it can fit and be installed on irregular surfaces. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of measuring patient surface doses during radiation therapy using TLD sheets. Further, the surface doses when using a three‐dimensional (3D) printed bolus were compared. First, calibration of the between TLD sheet measurements and the irradiation doses was performed. Second, dose calculations and TLD sheet measurements were compared to evaluate the error between treatment planning system (TPS) dose calculations and surface dose measurements. Finally, the TLD sheet was fitted to the head phantom to measure the surface dose at the uneven areas under two conditions (with a commercial [CM] bolus and a 3D‐printed bolus). Based on the error from the dose calculation algorithm and the difference between the TLD sheet thickness and the dose grid size or evaluation structure volume, the differences between the TLD sheet measurements and the treatment plan doses were up to 68.6% for the X‐ray collapsed cone convolution (CCC) method and up to 8.4% for the electron beam Monte Carlo (MC) method. Based on the results of the surface dosimetry of the head phantom, the application of surface dosimetry, particularly skin dosimetry, even on uneven body surfaces, can be feasible.