bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Completeness of the set \(\{e^{ik\beta \cdot s}\}|_{\forall \beta \in S^2}\)
Authors: Ramm Alexander G. 
Published: February 2021

Let Â \(S^2\) be the unit sphere in \(\mathbb{R}^3\), Â \(k>0\) be a fixed constant, \(s\in S\), and \(S\) is a smooth, closed, connected surface, the boundary of a bounded domain \(D\) in \(\mathbb{R}^3\). It is proved that the set \(\{e^{ik\beta \cdot s}\}|_{\forall \beta \in S^2}\) is total in \(L^2(S)\) if and only if \(k^2\) is not a Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Laplacian in \(D\).
Recursive Model: Cognitive Learning Behavior in Online Consumers
Authors: Christanto Edy Irwan , - Riyanto 
Published: February 2021

Online purchasing decisions are online consumer behavior and are an interesting phenomenon in research. This study aims to prove the concept that online consumer purchasing decisions are influenced by cognitive learning behavior. The main theory underlying this research is consumer behavior and learning. Learning theory is used to analyze consumer learning behavior online with a mix of (crossing) learning theories of behavior and cognitive learning theory. Combination (crossing) between behavioral learning theory, cognitive is called cognitive learning behavior (cognitive learning behavior). This research is a survey. The data used are primary data, with the research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The subjects of this study are individuals namely online consumers. Online consumers in this study are millennial generation who have made online purchases on one of the e-commerce sites in Indonesia (Matahari.mall, bukalapak, tokopedia, shopee, Zilingo) with this type of product is fashion. In this study 200 respondents were selected. The study consisted of organic stimulation of marketing on the website, online purchasing decisions, cognitive learning, experience preferences. Convenience sampling sampling technique is a sampling method where sampling is based on the availability of elements and the ease of obtaining them. Collecting data with online questionnaires and distributing questionnaires through whatsapp to respondents who are easily contacted by researchers. Data analysis methods with 1) test data quality instruments (validity and reliability), 2) Analysis of Descriptive Statistics and 3) Model Analysis with SEM. The results showed that 1) Organic stimulation of marketing on the website had a positive and significant effect on cognitive learning, 2)experience preference had a positive and significant effect on cognitive learning, 3)cognitive learning had a positive and not significant effect on online purchasing decisions, 4) experience preference had a positive and not significant effect on online purchasing decisions, 5) Organic stimulation of marketing on the website had a positive and significant effect on online purchasing decisions.Â Â
Architecture of African satellite augmentation system (ASAS) for Africa and middle east
Authors: Stojce Ilcev Dimov 
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces architecture of African Satellite Augmentation System (ASAS) project designed by African for Africa, with coverage of entire African Continent and Middle East for maritime, land (road and rail) and aeronautical applications. The ASAS network is de facto Regional Satellite Augmentation System (RSAS) as integration component of the Global Satellite Augmentation System (GSAS) employing current and new Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) for improved traffic control and management at sea, on land and in the air. This Network also enhances safety and emergency systems, transport security and control of transportation freight, logistics and the security of the crew and passengers onboard transport systems. The current infrastructures of the first generation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-1) applications are represented by old fundamental solutions for Position, Velocity and Time (PVT) of the satellite navigation and determination systems such as the US GPS and Russian (former-USSR) GLONASS military requirements, respectively. The establishment of Local Satellite Augmentation System (LSAS) and mobile movement guidance and control are also discussed as special infrastructures in seaports, land and airports environments.Â Â
Identification the appearance quality of rice kernels by vision technology and neural network classifier
Authors: Dabaghi Ali , Hadi Khoshtaghaza Mohammad , Reza Alizadeh Mohamad , Zareiforoush Hemad 
Published: February 2021

In this study, the appearance quality of Hashemi variety of rice grains was evaluated using image processing and artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. Non-touching kernel images of different classes in a Hashemi rice sample were acquired using a flatbed scanner. Then preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and effective feature selection process were done on each objects of image. To categorized grains, various structures of ANN consisting network with one and two hidden layer with different hidden nodes, different training and transfer functions were considered. Results of validation stage showed ANN with 13-18-18-5 topology and LM training and tansig transfer functions had highest mean of classification accuracy (97.33%) and the lowest value of RMSE (0.08361). Itâ€™s concluded that the suggested method uses low cost equipment to identify quality of rice with acceptable accuracy. Results of this research can be used for fast and accurate grading and developing an efficient rice sorting system.Â Â
Numerical simulation of mathematical heart model in COMSOL
Authors: Ara Iffat 
Published: February 2021

Electrical activity is essential for the cardiac cell to perform its function. Mathematical modeling of cardiac electrical activity is performed from the cell, tissue and organ levels through to the body surface level. The electrical activity of the cardiac as a whole is thus characterized by a complex multiscale structure. The most complete model of such a complex setting is the anisotropic bidomain model that consists of a system of two degenerate parabolic reaction diffusion equations describing the intra and extracellular potentials in the cardiac muscle, coupled with a system of ordinary deferential equations describing the ionic currents flowing through the cellular membrane. This study describes an anatomically realistic 3D Bidomain model of whole-heart electrical activity. The heart was embedded in a human torso, incorporating spontaneous activation with heterogeneous action potential (AP) morphologies throughout the heart. The aim of this study is the development of a geometrically simple and computationally efficient 3D model of heart. In this paper a finite element formulation, model and simulation of Bidomain equation has been conducted. The FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) equations were incorporated into Bidomain model of cardiac electrical activity, which was comprised of a simplified geometry of the whole heart with the torso as an extracellular volume conductor. Laplace equation for the torso also considered. Simplified 3D cardiac model was implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0 finite element software. Electrical potential at different point on torso is measured. Propagation of electrical excitation on heart surface is also observed. This study represents the first stage toward the development of an accurate computer model of heart activation.Â Â Â
Effect of gypsum content on unsaturated engineering properties of clayey soil
Authors: N J  Alzaidy Mohammed 
Published: February 2021

Many of gypsum soils have existed in arid and semi-arid lands. It is considered one of the most problematic soils because of its complicated and unpredicted behavior when exposure to moisture. Extensive researches have been conducted in Iraq to observe the behavior of such soil and to suggest safety restrictions for the collapse and set practical precautions for the structures. This study investigated the effect of gypsum content on some unsaturated engineering properties of a clayey soil. Three different proportions of gypsum (0%, 5% and 20% by weight of the parent soil) were added and tested. The samples have been subjected to swelling potential test, soil water retention curve (SWRC), vapour diffusion and shear strength parameters. It is observed that gypsum content has a significant influence on SWRC, whereas, soil that has high gypsum content made SWRC with higher variables represented by air entry values and residual state. On the other hand, an increase in gypsum content led to a reduction of swelling potential and shear strength parameters. The results of vapour diffusion indicate that gypsum content could modify the microstructure in an unsaturated state and reduce the vapour diffusion through the soil.Â Â
Effect of passive and forced aeration on composting of market solid waste
Authors: Atauzzaman M. , H. Bari Q. 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of passive and forced aeration on composting of market wastes. Suitable vegetable waste, waste paper and sawdust as bulking agent were mixed with the proportion 75:10:15. Temperature inside composting reactors was measured daily time to time. Total sample and volatile solids were determined before and after composting of waste mixture with both passive and forced aeration. Temperature increased to maximum 52 ÂºC for passive aeration and 54 ÂºC for forced aeration. The percentage reduction in total sample was found to be greater for forced aeration than passive aeration. The volatile solids decreased with time at the end of both processes. The extent of volatile solids degradation of waste mixture with time was determined through forced aeration for a series of composting process. Total sample and volatile solids were determined at 2, 3 or 4 days interval. The percentage reductions in total Â Â Â sample and volatile solids were found to be varied from 3 to 68 % and 4 to 55% respectively. The percentage reduction in volatile solids increased with time. There is a possibility of recycling the waste mixture in the form of composting.Â Â
Performance analysis of static wireless body area network for different routing protocols
Authors: Vikas Shinde Shilpa , Santosh S. Sonavane Dr. 
Published: February 2021

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a special type of wireless sensor network. It consists of sensors mounted on a human body to measure important body parameters. WBAN network uses different technologies such as IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6. In this paper, research outcomes focused on WBAN architecture design and performance analysis in a simulation environment for different routing protocols are done for IEEE 802.15.6. A comparative report is prepared for WBAN technology. Routing protocols are compared with each other based on energy consumption, throughput, and delay. For simulation purposes, a sensor network is designed by placing three sensors in a single hop star topology with a single central hub. The test run was successfully carried out to check the network configuration. A performance of three routing protocols for WBAN wireless technologies is investigated. These three routing protocols include AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing), DSDV (Destination Sequenced â€“Distance Vector routing) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing). In three sets of simulation, the effect of various routing protocols on throughput, delay, and the energy consumption is calculated by increasing packet rate up to 2000 Kbps with an increment of 250 Kbps. Simulation results have shown that WBAN with AODV routing protocol is the most suitable to reduce power consumption and delay, and to increase throughput. Detailed analysis is discussed in the paper.Â Â
Enhancement of bio-methane production yield from rumen digesta with biodegradable kitchen wastes by co-digestion process
Authors: Rashed Al Mamun Muhammad , Muhammed Mahdi , Sultana Urme Nadira , Janibul Alam Soeb Md. 
Published: February 2021

The study was investigated to enhance biogas production from rumen digesta by anaerobic co-digestion process. The experiment was carried out in 3300 mL digester. The mixing ratio of rumen digesta and water used was 1:1 in 40 days Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). Produced gas was measured by volumetric water replacement method. In phase-1, the maximum biogas generation from digesta of chicken and goat, cow and chicken, cow and goat, and co-digestion of four substrates (C:CH:G:V) were 65, 1230, 37 and 375 mL/d at 17th, 14th, 26th and 13th day respectively. The average biogas production was found from these samples were 20, 340, 16 and 113 mL. In phase-2, the maximum biogas generation from cow, goat and chicken, cow, chicken and vegetable waste and cow, goat and vegetable waste were respectively 66, 80 and 64 ml/d at 19th, 23rd and 27th day. The average biogas generation were found from these samples 22, 32 and 19 mL. The comparative data shows, biogas production is higher with cow and chicken wastes in both the phases mixed with vegetable waste. Thus, it is suggested that the study which gave maximum yield of biogas production from co-digestion process might be met the future energy demand.Â Â
Risk analysis of construction planning that affecting quality and time control in the apartment development performance using PLS - SEM method (case study in apartments in Tangerang)
Authors: Sumantri Angga , . Nunungwidyaningsih , P. K. Bintoro Bambang 
Published: February 2021

Large-scale projects, especially construction projects, have a large degree of difficulty in planning and controlling. For the project to work, a rigorous project planning and control analysis is required. This study aims to identifythe relationship between construction planning risk, quality control, time control, and management performance. Three apartment development projects in the Tangerang area were researched and 58 respondents were selected as the research sample. Based on the results of PLS SEM analysis, it was found that the risk of construction planning has a positive and significant effect on quality control and also on time control. Project control in terms of quality and time has a positive influence on management performance in apartment construction. If the company can carry out quality control and time correctly, then management performance will increase, but the performance improvement is not significant.Â Â
Geotechnical sustainability in the United Arab Emirates - Current status and opportunities
Authors: Sochanik Ryan 
Published: February 2021

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has aligned its development polices and agendas with the United Nationâ€™s Sustainable Development Goals, a driver provided by the UN to contribute towards sustainability. As part of this commitment, sustainability in the construction industry is continually evolving. The movement towards sustainability in construction is challenging in the UAE due to the climate, geographical location, economy and availability of natural resources. The UAE has therefore developed specific legislation requiring â€œgreen constructionâ€. Over and above the legislation, developers in the UAE recognise the value in achieving certified â€œgreenâ€ credentials through the adoption of optional sustainability assessments in their projects. Geotechnical engineering is a specific branch of civil engineering focussing on soil-structure interaction and geotechnical input is required for the design and construction of almost every civil engineering project. This study reviews the current mandatory regulations and practices, with respect to the input from geotechnical engineering. It highlights that as a discipline there is little contribution towards sustainability and concludes that geotechnical engineering can and needs to contribute more. Practical solutions to improve geotechnical engineering sustainability are proposed, as are opportunities for further research and development of geotechnical engineering sustainability.Â Â
Geotechnical sustainability in the United Arab Emirates - Sustainability rating tools
Authors: Sochanik Ryan 
Published: February 2021

Sustainability and the concept of sustainable development now forms part of governmental policy around the world. The United Arab Emirates is no different, recognising that its ecological footprint and continued growth require management of resources and waste streams. A fundamental part of this is sustainable construction and operation of civil engineering projects such as buildings, roads and airports. Geotechnical engineering is required on practically all civil engineering projects yet is often overlooked when design and construction decisions are being made regarding civil engineering sustainability. One of the most common ways to measure sustainability in civil engineering projects is through rating tools. Rating tools have grown and developed internationally for decades and are used across the world for various different projects (buildings, roads, infrastructure etc.). The United Arab Emirates have developed their own local ratings tools (and sustainability frameworks) and have mandated their use in certain projects. There is significant scope for geotechnical engineering to contribute to improving sustainability and rating tools are one element that can be developed. A detailed review of local and international ratings tools is carried out to understand where geotechnical engineering can currently contribute and the possibilities to improve geotechnical sustainability in the United Arab Emirates are discussed.Â Â
Virtual reality and augmented reality create fair education opportunities for refugee children in camps
Authors: M Aman Abdulrazak , Shiratuddin Norshuhada 
Published: February 2021

In this article, it is reported about Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, its impact on the technology world, and change it induced in the digital world. Virtual Reality is the next step in the evolution of technology, changing the face of technology, and whole new experience. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality changing peopleâ€™s daily lives and serving the helpless beings on the planet. Hence, helping to improve the educational system, introducing an innovative and compulsive method of teaching, creating new opportunities for helping out the refugee children in refugee children with lesser resources and opportunities. Identifying the current problems in the educational system, virtual Reality, and augmented Reality, providing solutions for the pre-existing problems in the system. Use of VR and AR for students with fewer resources to increase their exposure to the world. Conducting Virtual Reality trips, VR education in refugee camps, and use of VR to reach out to children with no formal education. Use of VR for educational purposes for refugee children and teachers in Turkey, Germany, Syria, Jordan, and all over the globe. Future of VR and AR, its impact on the world in the coming years, providing a completely new experience and visualization of the digital world.Â Â Â
Introduction to stand alone data converters review, analysis and design orientation
Authors: Stojce Ilcev Dimov 
Published: February 2021

This paper includes a basic review, analysis, and interesting insights, oriented to designers when power consumption is a critical constraint, of Stand-Alone Data Converters. These data converters are an indispensable part of the analog design technique and the only bridge to establish an adequate communication link between analog and digital devices. In fact, this article is dedicated to showing the principal types of the analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and digital-to-analog converters (DAC) families of data converters popular in modern analog design techniques. In fact, these data converters are also cost-effective devices because of the huge number of existing and newly developed solutions with their significant practical features providing more relevant applications in specific type of ADC or DAC process. The overview of data conversion, ADC and DAC data converters, communication bus to Micro Controller Units (MCU), and benefits of data conversion are described.Â Â
The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Poverty Reduction
Authors: Tran Huong Thi Thanh , Le Ha Thi Thu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Poverty is a global issue and a lot of attention and efforts of the international community have been made to deal with this problem. Especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when a part of the population could fall into poverty due to rising unemployment and income deduction, identifying the factors affecting poverty becomes particularly important. Financial inclusion has been recognized as one important factor affecting poverty reduction. This research is conducted to investigate the impact of financial inclusion and other control variables on poverty reduction. The study employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to build a financial inclusion index. Using 2SLS and the GMM regressions for a panel data of 29 European countries during the period from 2011 to 2017, the results show that financial inclusion has a negative impact on poverty at all three poverty lines of USD1.9, 3.2, and 5.5 per day. The proportion of the population aged 15–64 and the ratio of service employment to the total number of employment also have a negative effect on all three levels of POV1.9, POV3.2, and POV5.5. In contrast, GDP per capita, trade openness and the proportion of the population aged from 25 with at least secondary school education have a positive impact on poverty at three levels of poverty. The results confirm that financial inclusion plays an important role in reducing poverty. The study provides a number of recommendations to governments to promote financial inclusion and reduce poverty in the countries.
Zwischen Rat und Tat: Reflexionen zur studienbegleitenden Vermittlung der Fremdsprache Deutsch
Authors: Serena Silvia , Barić Karmelka 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Im Beitrag wird ein Überblick über die Rahmencurricula zum studienbegleitenden Deutsch- und Fremdsprachenunterricht gegeben, die in ost- und südosteuropäischen Ländern als Anwendung des Gemeinsamen europäischen Referenzrahmens für Sprachen (GeR) auf den Hochschulbereich entstanden sind. Exemplarisch werden aus einigen Rahmencurricula Beispiele von fach-, berufs- und sprachübergreifenden Deskriptoren unter die Lupe genommen und als Vorläufer des GeR-Begleitbandes ins Bewusstsein gerückt. Der studienbegleitende Deutsch- und Fremdsprachenunterricht in dem hier vertretenen Verständnis ergibt sich aus einem ganzheitlichen kompetenz- und handlungsorientierten Ansatz, der auf die Entwicklung der gesamten Persönlichkeit der Studierenden als Menschen abzielt und sie daher auf das Leben und den Beruf vorbereitet.