bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Refugio Beach Oil to Sand Crabs (Emerita analoga), Blue Mussels (Mytilus sp.), and Inland Silversides (Menidia beryllina)
Authors: Donohoe Regina M. , Duke Bryand M. , Clark Stephen L. , Joab Bruce M. , Dugan Jenifer E. , Hubbard David M. , DaSilva April R. , Anderson Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Monterey formation crude oil spilled from an onshore pipeline and entered the surf zone near Refugio State Beach, Santa Barbara County, California (USA) on 19 May 2015. During this season, early life stages of many marine fish and invertebrates were present. Surf zone water and beach porewater samples were collected during the 4 mo after the spill and 2 yr later for chemical analyses. Elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were observed in surf zone water and porewater near the release point, declining with distance and time. Early life stage toxicity was investigated by conducting 6- and 7-d static renewal bioassays with sand crab (Emerita analoga) post larvae (megalopae) and inland silverside larvae (Menidia beryllina), respectively, and a 48-h blue mussel (Mytilus sp.) embryo development bioassay. Dilutions of a high-energy water accommodated fraction of the Refugio Beach oil and a seawater control were prepared to simulate surf zone PAH concentrations (nominal PAH45; 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 µg/L). The PAH45 median lethal concentrations (LC50s), based on measured concentrations, were 381 µg/L for Mytilus sp., 75.6 µg/L for Menidia, and 40.9 µg/L for Emerita. Our results suggest that PAH concentrations in coastal waters of the spill-affected area were potentially lethal to early life stages of fish and invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2578–2586. © 2021 SETAC
Appraisal and coping predict health and well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An international approach
Authors: Kirby Leslie D. , Qian Weiqiang , Adiguzel Zafer , Afshar Jahanshahi Asghar , Bakracheva Margarita , Orejarena Ballestas María C. , Cruz José Fernando A. , Dash Arobindu , Dias Claudia , Ferreira Maria J. , Goosen Johanna G. , Kamble Shanmukh V. , Mihaylov Nikolay L. , Pan Fada , Sofia Rui , Stallen Mirre , Tamir Maya , van Dijk Wilco W. , Vittersø Joar , Smith Craig A. 
Published: July 2021

COVID‐19 has had a devastating impact on people worldwide. We conducted an international survey (n = 3646) examining the degree to which people's appraisals and coping activities around the pandemic predicted their health and well‐being. We obtained subsamples from 12 countries—Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, India, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Turkey and the United States. For each, we assessed appraisals and coping strategies as well as indicators of physical and mental health and well‐being. Results indicated that, despite mean‐level societal differences in outcomes, the pattern of appraisals and coping strategies predicting health and well‐being was consistent across countries. Use of disengagement coping (particularly behavioural disengagement and self‐isolation) was associated with relatively negative outcomes. In contrast, optimistic appraisals (particularly of high accommodation‐focused coping potential and the ability to meet one's physical needs), use of problem‐focused coping strategies (especially problem‐solving) and accommodative coping strategies (especially positive reappraisal and self‐encouragement) were associated with relatively positive outcomes. Our study highlights the critical importance of considering accommodative coping in stress and coping research. It also provides important information on how people have been dealing with the pandemic, the predictors of well‐being under pandemic conditions and the generality of such relations.
Evaluation of surface albedo over the Tibetan Plateau simulated by CMIP5 models using in‐situ measurements and MODIS
Authors: An Yingying , Meng Xianhong , Zhao Lin , Li Zhaoguo , Wang Shaoying , Shang Lunyu , Chen Hao , Lyu Shihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurface albedo plays a key role in the energy and water cycles, and reasonable parameterizations of surface albedo will be greatly helpful to improve the simulation of radiation partition in climate models. In‐situ measurements of albedo from five sites over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and MODIS albedo product are used to evaluate monthly, annual, and seasonal variations of the surface albedo simulated by 24 Global Climate Models (GCMs) archived by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Potential factors contributing to the bias of simulated albedo were investigated. The results show that the monthly albedo of 24 GCMs varied across models, and the difference among the models was smaller in the June–July–August period than the December–January–February period. The ensemble mean albedo of the 24 GCMs was more consistent with the in‐situ measurements than the individual model. The albedo calculated from the BNU‐ESM, GFDL‐CM3, INM‐CM4, MIROC4h, MIROC‐ESM, and MIROC‐ESM‐CHEM models coincided with the observations from June to September, increasing rapidly to above 0.4 from November. However, the annual cycle of surface albedo was insignificant when simulated by some models, such as CanESM2, CSIRO‐Mk3.6.0, CMCC‐CMS, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR, and MPI‐ESM‐MR. Additionally, the surface albedo was overestimated by CMIP5 multi‐model ensemble mean—with a smaller amplitude of daily albedo—compared with the values estimated from in‐situ observations and MCD43A3. In all 24 models, snow albedo parameterization schemes were found to variably fit the attenuation of snow albedo over time. The cold temperature, relatively more precipitation, fresh snow density, and albedo in these models led to large biases in snow depth and ablation. The surface albedo tends to increase without the influence of blowing snow and withered grass on the model's albedo.
Well‐posedness for fully nonlinear functional differential equations
Authors: Tanaka Naoki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the well‐posedness for the fully nonlinear functional differential equation in a general Banach space X, where is a family of operators whose domains are subsets of the so‐called initial‐history space and whose ranges are subsets of the space X. The special case where for and with has been extensively studied so far, but there has not been a satisfactory solution to the flow invariance problem. This paper establishes the well‐posedness for the fully nonlinear functional differential equations and solves the above‐mentioned problem on flow invariance.
Low duty cycle pulse trains for exchange rate insensitive chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI
Authors: Chung Julius Juhyun , Jin Tao 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo introduce and validate a pulse scheme that uses low duty cycle trains of π‐pulses to achieve saturation that is relatively insensitive to exchange rate yet linearly dependent on labile proton concentration.MethodsSimulations were performed to explore the exchange rate sensitivity of π‐pulse trains and continuous wave chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signals. Creatine phantoms with varying pH and varying concentrations were imaged to demonstrate pH insensitivity and concentration dependence of low duty cycle π‐pulse saturation.ResultsSimulations show decreasing the duty cycle of π‐pulse saturation decreases peak sensitivity to exchange rate, and this range of insensitivity can be tuned to different exchange rates through average B1 power. The range of insensitivity is unaffected by changes in relaxation and magnetization transfer, while the sensitivity of CEST signal maintains linear dependence on labile proton concentration. Under B1,avg = 0.48 μT, 30 mM creatine with pHs ranging between 6.36 and 8.21 exhibited CEST contrast ranging between ~6 and 11% under continuous wave and ~4% across all pHs using 10% duty cycle π‐pulses. Imaging these phantoms using duty cycles of 5, 10, 25, and 50% showed decreasing pH sensitivity with decreased duty cycle. Creatine phantoms with varied concentrations and pHs reveal that π‐pulse train saturation exhibited stricter correlation to concentration at lower DCs.ConclusionLow DC π‐pulse train is an easy‐to‐implement way of providing labile proton concentration‐dependent CEST MRI signal that is insensitive to exchange rate. This approach can be useful in studies where a change of chemical exchange rate may interfere with accurate assessments of physiology or pathology.
Kohlenstoffgehalt überwachen
Authors: Hupach Sascha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDas meistverwendete Betriebsmittel in der chemischen Industrie ist Wasser. Es dient als Lösemittel und Reagenz, als Energieträger zum Wärmen oder Kühlen oder etwa zur Reinigung. Ganz gleich, wofür es verwendet wird: Das Wassermonitoring gehört zu den wichtigen Aufgaben in einem Chemiepark. Ein entscheidender Parameter ist der Gehalt an organischem Kohlenstoff.
Trendbericht Biochemie: Vorwort
Authors: Helm Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWie funktioniert die Qualitätskontrolle, wenn Ribosome genetische Information aus der mRNA in Proteine übersetzen? Welche Einblicke in die Biochemie der Coronaviren liefert die spektroskopische Methode Fret an einzelnen Molekülen? Wie hilft Massenspektrometrie gegen Viren wie Sars‐CoV‐2? Und wie hat sich im letzten Jahr die Forschung zu kovalenten Proteinliganden entwickelt, die sich als Grundlage für Inhibitoren ansonsten schwer adressierbarer Proteine eignen? Antworten liefert dieser Bericht in vier Kapiteln.
Strategien bei radikalischen Trifluormethylierungen
Authors: Didier Dorian , Reiners Felix 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFluor in Moleküle einzubauen verbessert oft deren metabolische Stabilität und andere Eigenschaften. Deshalb hat die pharmazeutische Industrie großes Interesse an fluorierten Wirkstoffkandidaten. Ein Überblick über die Methoden, wie sich das Halogen in Moleküle einbringen lässt.
Retropubic mid‐urethral slings and de novo urinary urgency and frequency: The role of retropubic hematomas
Authors: Wu Emily , High Rachel , Lewis Christopher , Kuehl Thomas J. , Danford Jill M. , Yandell Paul M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThis is a prospective cohort study comparing de novo lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in subjects undergoing a retropubic mid‐urethral sling who either did or did not develop a postoperative retropubic hematoma within 6 weeks of surgery. The secondary objective was to measure the incidence and prevalence of retropubic hematomas, and subject characteristics associated with retropubic hematomas.MethodsEligible subjects were recruited before undergoing a retropubic mid‐urethral sling with or without concurrent pelvic reconstructive surgery. Validated urinary symptom questionnaires were completed before surgery and at 6 weeks postoperatively. An abdominal ultrasound was used to establish baseline lower urinary tract imaging. Ultrasound was repeated immediately after surgery and 6 weeks later to assess for the presence of retropubic hematomas.ResultsNinety‐four subjects were enrolled. Baseline urgency and frequency were measured in 35% (33/93) of subjects. At 6 weeks postoperatively, 2% (1/52) had de novo LUTS which were not associated with a retropubic hematoma at any time. Immediately after surgery, the incidence of retropubic hematomas was 17% (16/94) while the prevalence of retropubic hematomas 6 weeks after surgery was 4% (3/75). There was no significant difference in the change in hemoglobin before and after surgery between those with and without postoperative retropubic hematomas.ConclusionsThere is no significant association with de novo LUTS and retropubic hematomas. Though there is a 17% incidence of retropubic hematomas detected immediately after surgery, those with hematomas who were not lost to follow‐up resolved by the 6‐week postoperative visit and is of unclear clinical significance.
Impact of hybrid nanofillers on the structure and property of polypropylene/polystyrene composites based on elongation flow
Authors: Chen Rong‐Yuan , Yang Hao‐Ran , Yang Xiao‐Zhuang , Han Lin , Zhang Zhong‐Hou , Li Ya‐Dong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe composites comprised of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and hybrid nanofillers were prepared by a novel eccentric rotor extruder based on elongation flow. The morphology, thermal behavior and rheological properties were investigated. The morphology of the PS dispersed phase changed from circular shape of PP70/PS30 blend to microfiber shape of PP/PS/MWCNTs/MMT composite with an increase of the number of the hybrid nanofillers dimensions. The nano‐TiO2 and MWCNTs were mainly located at the interface, did not change the shape of the PS dispersed phase but reduce the size of the dispersed phase. The hybrid nanofillers containing MWCNTs had better modification effect on the improvement of the crystalline ability of PP compared with the hybrid nanofillers without MWCNTs. The introduction of the hybrid nanofillers did not affect the crystal type of PP, but influence the perfection of crystallization of PP. The hybrid nanofillers had a nice enhancement on the thermal stability of the PP/PS blend. Compared with PP, the low frequency G′ of the hybrid nanofillers filled PP70/PS30 composites increased by two orders of magnitude. With an increase of the dimensionality of the hybrid nanofillers, the restriction of the molecular chains relaxation caused by the hybrid nanofillers was enhanced.
Conserved features of the MlaD domain aid the trafficking of hydrophobic molecules
Authors: Dutta Angshu , Chandravanshi Monika , Kanaujia Shankar Prasad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Gram‐negative bacteria, the maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) system is involved in the transport of phospholipids between the inner (IM) and outer membrane. The Mla system utilizes a unique IM‐associated periplasmic solute‐binding protein, MlaD, which possesses a conserved domain, MlaD domain. While proteins carrying the MlaD domain are known to be primarily involved in the trafficking of hydrophobic molecules, not much is known about this domain itself. Thus, in this study, the characterization of the MlaD domain employing bioinformatics analysis is reported. The profiling of the MlaD domain of different architectures reveals the abundance of glycine and hydrophobic residues and the lack of cysteine residues. The domain possesses a conserved N‐terminal region and a well‐preserved glycine residue that constitutes a consensus motif across different architectures. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the MlaD domain archetypes are evolutionarily closer and marked by the conservation of a functionally crucial pore loop located at the C‐terminal region. The study also establishes the critical role of the domain‐associated permeases and the driving forces governing the transport of hydrophobic molecules. This sheds sufficient light on the structure–function–evolutionary relationship of MlaD domain. The hexameric interface analysis reveals that the MlaD domain itself is not a sole player in the oligomerization of the proteins. Further, an operonic and interactome map analysis reveals that the Mla and the Mce systems are dependent on the structural homologs of the nuclear transport factor 2 superfamily.
On designing a distributed event‐triggered output feedback consensus protocol for nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Li Hanfeng , Xia Shengxiang , Mu Rui , Zhang Xianfu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, the leader–follower consensus problem is considered for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems with event‐triggered inputs. A novel time‐varying gain compensator is designed for each follower by only utilizing the output information of the follower and its neighbors. Based on a time‐varying threshold strategy and a directed communication topology, a distributed event‐triggered output feedback controller is designed for each follower. It is proved by the Lyapunov theory that the leader–follower consensus of the multiagent systems is achieved and the Zeno‐behavior is avoided. Compared with the existing results, it is the first time that a time‐varying gain control algorithm is proposed for the multiagent systems subject to event‐triggered inputs. The effectiveness of the proposed consensus protocol is validated by the chemical reactor systems.
Root‐dependent recovery of pore system functionality of compacted subsoil: A field case study with bio‐subsoilers in Denmark
Authors: Pulido‐Moncada Mansonia , Monnereau Clément , Munkholm Lars J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCover crop effects on soil properties are site specific, and their use as an alternative management strategy to create macropores for subsoil compaction mitigation has not been widely investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effects of bio‐subsoilers on gas and water transport of a compacted sandy loam subsoil. A field screening trial was conducted for 2 yr with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as the control treatment and lupin (Lupinus luteus L.), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), festulolium [×Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus], and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) as bio‐subsoiler treatments. Undisturbed samples of 100 cm3 were taken at 0.3‐ and 0.5‐m depth for measuring soil physical parameters. For chicory, lucerne, tall fescue, and spring barley, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity [K(h)] was measured at 0.3‐m depth and root pattern distribution was evaluated from 0‐ to 0.6‐m depth. Results showed a nonsignificant trend of larger air permeability (ka), gas diffusivity (Ds/Do), and ka/εa (where εa is air‐filled porosity) for lupin and lucerne, indicating enhanced pore continuity. Chicory and lucerne significantly increased the K(h) at −1‐cm matric potential at 0.3‐m depth in the second year of evaluation. Lucerne and tall fescue had a significantly larger root length and area than barley. We showed that under field conditions in a Danish sandy loam soil, lupin, chicory, and lucerne tended to increase gas and/or water transport on the compacted subsoil layer. The compaction mitigation potential of chicory and lucerne found in our previous soil column experiment with the same soil type was corroborated in our field screening trial.
Suspected pontine and extra‐pontine myelinolysis in a cat
Authors: Santifort Koen M. , Mandigers Paul J. J. , Bergknut Niklas , Pijnenburg Jeanette , Beukers Martijn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 4.5‐year‐old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with an acute onset of neurological signs suggestive of multifocal or diffuse intracranial lesions. MRI of the head revealed bilaterally symmetrical T2‐weighted hyperintensities in the pons and thalamus, suggestive of a metabolic or toxic aetiology. The pontine lesion on MRI resembled what in humans is known as the ‘trident sign’ reported in cases of pontine myelinolysis. Ancillary cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albuminocytologic dissociation and suspected myelin debris. No specific cause was identified, but the cat recovered over the next few weeks with only supportive therapy.
Effects of flow velocity and bubble size distribution on oxygen mass transfer in bubble column reactors—A critical evaluation of the computational fluid dynamics‐population balance model
Authors: Khalil Ahmed , Rosso Diego , DeGroot Christopher T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate a bubble column reactor operating in the bubbly (homogenous) regime. The Euler–Euler two‐fluid model, integrated with the population balance model (PBM), is adopted to compute the flow and bubble size distribution (BSD). The CFD‐PBM model is validated against published experimental data for BSD, global gas holdup, and oxygen mass transfer coefficient. The sensitivity of the model with respect to the specification of boundary conditions and the bubble coalescence/breakup models is assessed. The coalescence model of Prince and Blanch (1990) provides the best results, whereas the output is shown to be insensitive to the breakup model. The CFD‐PBM study demonstrates the importance of considering the BSD in order to correctly model mass transfer. Results show that the constant bubble size assumption results in a large error in the oxygen mass transfer coefficient, while giving acceptable results for gas holdup.Practitioner points

Constant bubble size (CBS) and population balance model (PBM) are compared for a bubble column reactor.
Both PBM and CBS can predict gas holdup; however, PBM can correctly predict gas–liquid mass transfer whereas CBS cannot.
Best practices for selecting coalescence, breakup, and drag models are determined.
Comment on the paper “A new analytical approach for the research of thin‐film flow of magneto hydrodynamic fluid in the presence of thermal conductivity and variable viscosity, Liaqat Ali, Asifa Tassaddiq, Rohail Ali, Saeed Islam, Taza Gul, Poom Kumam, Safyan Mukhtar, Noor Saeed Khan, Phatiphat Thounthong, ZAMM, 2021;101:E201900292”
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSome errors exist in the above paper.
Using Participatory Spatial Tools to Unravel Community Perceptions of Land-Use Dynamics in a Mine-Expanding Landscape in Ghana
Authors: Aggrey Jane J. , Ros-Tonen Mirjam A. F. , Asubonteng Kwabena O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArtisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in sub-Saharan Africa creates considerable dynamics in rural landscapes. Many studies addressed the adverse effects of mining, but few studies use participatory spatial tools to assess the effects on land use. Hence, this paper takes an actor perspective to analyze how communities in a mixed farming-mining area in Ghana’s Eastern Region perceive the spatial dynamics of ASM and its effects on land for farming and food production from past (1986) to present (2018) and toward the future (2035). Participatory maps show how participants visualize the transformation of food-crop areas into small- and large-scale mining, tree crops, and settlement in all the communities between 1986 and 2018 and foresee these trends to continue in the future (2035). Participants also observe how a mosaic landscape shifts toward a segregated landscape, with simultaneous fragmentation of their farming land due to ASM. Further segregation is expected in the future, with attribution to the expansion of settlements being an unexpected outcome. Although participants expect adverse effects on the future availability of food-crop land, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the anticipated effect on food availability. The paper argues that, if responsibly applied and used to reveal community perspectives and concerns about landscape dynamics, participatory mapping can help raise awareness of the need for collective action and contribute to more inclusive landscape governance. These findings contribute to debates on the operationalization of integrated and inclusive landscape approaches and governance, particularly in areas with pervasive impacts of ASM.