bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destruction of polyunsaturated alkyl/acyl and alkenyl/acyl glycerophosphocholine of plasma lipoproteins during incubation with group V and X secretory phospholipase A2s
Authors: Kuksis Arnis , Pruzanski Waldemar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlasma lipoproteins are carriers of various glycerophospholipids including diacyl, alkenyl/acyl, and alkyl/acyl glycerophosphocholines (GPCs), which become distributed among cells and tissues during metabolism. For metabolic function, these phospholipids require hydrolysis by phospholipases, but the responsible enzymes have not been identified. We had previously shown that after complete digestion of lipoprotein diacyl‐ and oxo‐diacyl‐GPCs, degradation of residual alkyl/acyl and alkenyl/acyl GPCs continues, despite the fact that ether lipids are resistant to hydrolysis by Ca2+‐activated secretory PLA2s and require the presence of the Ca2+‐independent PLA2. In the course of further investigation, we came across a report by Khaselev and Murphy in which the autoxidative degradation of plasmalogens in the presence of 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) proceeded beyond the formation of dihydroperoxides, hydroxides and epoxides, and led to an attack on the enyl bond of the plasmalogen, resulting in formation of 1‐OH/2‐20:4‐GPC and 1‐formyl/2‐20:4‐GPC. Our preliminary investigation indicated that lipoprotein 16:0p/20:4ω6‐GPC yielded the same autoxidation products as those reported for synthetic 16:0p/20:4ω6‐GPC in the presence of AAPH. Such autoxidative degradation of lipoprotein plasmalogens had not been previously reported with or without AAPH. Subsequent study led to the conclusion that this reaction was not limited to arachidonates, but extended to other polyunsaturated eicosanoids, docosanoids, and tetracosanoids, as well as oligounsaturated octadecanoids. These observations led to a hypothesis that the autoxidative cleavage of the lipoprotein plasmalogens proceeded under the influence of apo‐protein‐derived free radicals as intermediates of oxidative processes.
Modified rectangular resonators based multi‐frequency narrow‐band RFID reader antenna
Authors: Mishra Durga Prasad , Behera Santanu Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, a chipless RFID reader antenna based on a modified rectangular‐resonator is presented. The reader antenna is fabricated and measured to validate multiple narrowband resonance behavior. The measurement results show that the reader antenna can detect 11‐bit multi‐frequency coded chipless tag and depict gains of 4.7 and 5.2 dBi at 0.58 and 2.4 GHz, respectively. The cubic interpolation approach as a signal processing technique is applied at the reader end to eliminate the unnecessary drops at the measurement. Further study of Chu and Mclean's fundamental limit demonstrates that the physical dimensions of the proposed antenna and the radiation characteristics fulfilling the limitations. The multiple narrow‐band responses of the reader antenna can be suitable to detect multi‐bit tags which are of high demand because a multibit tag can be used for multiple frequency applications for hassle‐free wireless environment, viz. tracking, retailing, identification, and healthcare utilities.
A framework for constructing elasto‐plastic constitutive models for frozen and unfrozen soils
Authors: Yu Fan , Guo Peijun , Na SeonHong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe need for unified constitutive models for frozen and unfrozen soils in simulating frost heave and thaw consolidation has been recognized. However, a reliable and easy‐to‐implement model is not yet available. This paper extends the one‐dimensional elasto‐plastic model proposed by Yu et al. to solve multi‐dimensional problems. In the extended model, total and effective stresses are taken as the stress variables for frozen and unfrozen soils, respectively. A critical‐state‐based mode, Clay And Sand Model (CASM), is employed for soil at unfrozen states. The emphasis is placed on how a basic constitutive model for unfrozen soils is extended to describe the elasto‐plastic behavior for both unfrozen and frozen soils in two steps: (1) extension of the constitutive model from unfrozen to frozen soils by considering ice‐bonding effect, and (2) integration of descriptions for soils at unfrozen and frozen states using the concept of residual stress (by Nixon and Morgenstern). The freeze‐thaw cycling effect is naturally incorporated by the introduction of residual stress line that is used to determine the initial stress state and preconsolidation pressure of thawed soil. After being implemented into FORTRAN subroutines for ABAQUS, the performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by simulating triaxial compression tests on frozen sand at different temperatures under confining pressures, and freeze‐thaw cycling processes of silty clay under loading.
Toxicological issues of conventional gas hydrate inhibitors
Authors: Tabaaza Grace Amabel , Haq Ihtisham Ul , Zain Dzulkarnain B. , Lal Bhajan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGas hydrates formation is a major challenge to effective hydrocarbons flow in pipelines; thus, flow assurance is a remedy. The use of gas hydrate inhibitors is commonly used as an effective method to inhibit gas hydrate formation. This study focuses on the toxicological issues of conventional gas hydrate inhibitors. The study evidence reveals that conventional chemical additives that ensure effective flow assurance are said to contribute significantly to environmental change and damage. This is attributed to their toxicity nature that poses a great environmental risk by such chemical inhibitors; more so thermodynamic inhibitors due to their dissociation ability that affects seafloor stability. This leads to the release of methane (and associated gases) and other toxic components into the column water. However, little is known about the actual toxicity of frequently used gas hydrate inhibitors. This calls for an in‐depth study into such and also the development of greener inhibitors to replace the existing ones.
Frequency information based memory dynamic output feedback control for discrete‐time systems
Authors: Wang Meng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article studies the problem of frequency information based memory dynamic output feedback (MDOF) control for discrete‐time systems. A novel design method for MDOF controllers is proposed based on not only the current output measurements and controller states, but also useful past output measurements and controller states, which tend to be less conservative than conventional memoryless controllers. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the asymptotic stability with finite frequency specifications of the closed loop system, and then MDOF controller synthesis results are obtained in the form of linear matrix inequalities, which include the conventional memoryless and/or non‐frequency information based control methods as their special cases. It is also proved that the control performance can be enhanced with the increase of the memory capacity of the MDOF controller. Finally, simulation studies are given to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed MDOF controller design method over the conventional memoryless and/or non‐frequency information control approaches.
Language and Religion
Authors: García Portilla Jason 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the influence of religion and hegemony on language by concentrating on English, German and the Romance languages widely spoken in Europe and the Americas.Bible translations have helped to keep alive native languages. German and English are associated with the Reformation and have thus been highly influenced by the Bible. In turn, Roman languages are associated with the status quo of the Roman Empire, i.e. Roman Church-State. The Roman Church-State condemned—and sought to impede—any effort to bring the Holy Scriptures within reach of common people, in order to prevent what happened in Germany and England. Thus, the influence of the Bible on Latin languages has been limited.
Case Selection Criteria, Methods, and Data Treatment
Authors: García Portilla Jason 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the criteria for selecting the cases analysed in this study. It explains the application of critical discourse analysis (CDA) as its principal empirical method. It discusses CDA methods and data treatment as well as the empirical analysis of CDA results. Finally, it compares and summarises the case selection criteria.Four countries were compared: Switzerland, Uruguay, Cuba, and Colombia. These cases are also linked to the correlated variables in the quantitative model and to the sufficient conditions in the QCA. Cases were selected based on the “extreme case method”.Each of the selected countries serves as a proxy of a larger group of countries (Latin American Strong Catholic, Secular, Communism, Protestant or mixed Old World.).Critical discourse analysis (CDA) and religion constitute the qualitative method (micro-component). Sixty semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using memos and open coding.
Fazit: Die Entstehung von Themen in der Planungswissenschaft
Authors: Gravert Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zusammengetragen und die Forschungsfrage ‚Wie entstehen Themen in der Planungswissenschaft?‘ in komprimierter Form beantwortet. Dafür werden zunächst die empirischen Befunde zu den Themenkarrieren Schrumpfende Städte und Klimawandel in eine allgemeine Beschreibung der Entstehung von Themen in der Planungswissenschaft überführt. Die eigentliche Funktion der Phasenheuristik kommt hier zum Tragen: Durch sie werden die empirischen Analysen zu den beiden Themenkarrieren in jeweils vergleichbare Segmente aufgeteilt, sodass die konkreten Ereignisse und Prozesse in einem synoptischen Phasenverlauf eingeordnet werden können (siehe Kp. 9.1). Auf dieser Grundlage wird nach den Faktoren geforscht, die maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der fachgemeinschaftlichen Aufmerksamkeit gegenüber den beiden Themenverläufen hatten. Hier werden generalisierbare Mechanismen abgeleitet, die den beiden planungswissenschaftlichen Themenkarrieren zu Grunde liegen (siehe Kp. 9.2). Schließlich wird auf die Auswirkungen eingegangen, die die temporären Fokussierungen auf die planungswissenschaftliche Disziplin haben (siehe Kp. 9.3).
Unsachgemäße Systemtherapie bei schwerer atopischer Dermatitis – fatale Langzeitschäden
Authors: Abeck F. , Booken N. , Schneider S. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Therapiemöglichkeiten der schweren atopischen Dermatitis waren bis vor Kurzem sehr begrenzt und haben sich mit der Zulassung des ersten Biologikums Dupilumab Ende 2017 bis heute deutlich verbessert. Aktuell wurden mit dem Biologikum Tralokinumab sowie den Januskinase-Inhibitoren Baricitinib und Upadacitinib weitere neue Systemtherapeutika zugelassen. Dennoch gibt es Fälle, in denen es zur Nichtberücksichtigung moderner Behandlungsmöglichkeiten kommt, wie die Falldarstellung eines 28-jährigen Patienten mit schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen einer Langzeitbehandlung mit systemischen Glukokortikosteroiden zeigt. Neben der umfangreichen Abklärung der Folgeschäden, erfolgten die Einleitung einer leitliniengerechten Therapie mit Dupilumab sowie eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit mit Endokrinologen, Ophthalmologen, Osteologen und Ernährungsmedizinern.
Proving the Lorentz Invariance of the Entropy and the Covariance of Thermodynamics
Authors: Gavassino L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe standard argument for the Lorentz invariance of the thermodynamic entropy in equilibrium is based on the assumption that it is possible to perform an adiabatic transformation whose only outcome is to accelerate a macroscopic body, keeping its rest mass unchanged. The validity of this assumption constitutes the very foundation of relativistic thermodynamics and needs to be tested in greater detail. We show that, indeed, such a transformation is always possible, at least in principle. The only two assumptions invoked in the proof are that there is at least one inertial reference frame in which the second law of thermodynamics is valid and that the microscopic theory describing the internal dynamics of the body is a field theory, with Lorentz invariant Lagrangian density. The proof makes no reference to the connection between entropy and probabilities and is valid both within classical and quantum physics. To avoid any risk of circular reasoning, we do not postulate that the laws of thermodynamics are the same in every reference frame, but we obtain this fact as a direct consequence of the Lorentz invariance of the entropy.
Rainbow Ramsey Problems for the Boolean Lattice
Authors: Chang Fei-Huang , Gerbner Dániel , Li Wei-Tian , Methuku Abhishek , Nagy Dániel T. , Patkós Balázs , Vizer Máté 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe address the following rainbow Ramsey problem: For posets P, Q what is the smallest number n such that any coloring of the elements of the Boolean lattice Bn either admits a monochromatic copy of P or a rainbow copy of Q. We consider both weak and strong (non-induced and induced) versions of this problem.
The Epistemic Value of Affective Disruptability
Authors: von Maur Imke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn order to explore how emotions contribute positively or negatively to understanding the meaning of complex socio-culturally specific phenomena, I argue that we must take into account the habitual dimension of emotions – i.e., the emotion repertoire that a feeling person acquires in the course of their affective biography. This brings to light a certain form of alignment in relation to affective intentionality that is key to comprehending why humans understand situations in the way they do and why it so often is especially hard to understand things differently. A crucial epistemic problem is that subjects often do not even enter a process of understanding, i.e., they do not even start to consider a specific object, theory, circumstance, other being, etc. in different ways than the familiar one. The epistemic problem at issue thus lies in an unquestioned faith in things being right the way they are taken to be. By acknowledging the habitual dimension of affective intentionality, I analyze reasons for this inability and suggest that being affectively disruptable and cultivating a pluralistic emotion repertoire are crucial abilities to overcome this epistemic problem.
In-Season Nutrition Strategies and Recovery Modalities to Enhance Recovery for Basketball Players: A Narrative Review
Authors: Davis Jon K. , Oikawa Sara Y. , Halson Shona , Stephens Jessica , O’Riordan Shane , Luhrs Kevin , Sopena Bridget , Baker Lindsay B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBasketball players face multiple challenges to in-season recovery. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on recovery modalities and nutritional strategies for basketball players and practical applications that can be incorporated throughout the season at various levels of competition. Sleep, protein, carbohydrate, and fluids should be the foundational components emphasized throughout the season for home and away games to promote recovery. Travel, whether by air or bus, poses nutritional and sleep challenges, therefore teams should be strategic about packing snacks and fluid options while on the road. Practitioners should also plan for meals at hotels and during air travel for their players. Basketball players should aim for a minimum of 8 h of sleep per night and be encouraged to get extra sleep during congested schedules since back-to back games, high workloads, and travel may negatively influence night-time sleep. Regular sleep monitoring, education, and feedback may aid in optimizing sleep in basketball players. In addition, incorporating consistent training times may be beneficial to reduce bed and wake time variability. Hydrotherapy, compression garments, and massage may also provide an effective recovery modality to incorporate post-competition. Future research, however, is warranted to understand the influence these modalities have on enhancing recovery in basketball players. Overall, a strategic well-rounded approach, encompassing both nutrition and recovery modality strategies, should be carefully considered and implemented with teams to support basketball players’ recovery for training and competition throughout the season.
Identification of rare-earth minerals associated to K-feldspar: Capacsaya project in Peru
Authors: Ochoa J. , Monteblanco E. , Cerpa L. , Gutarra-Espinoza A. , Avilés-Félix L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA recently discovered the rare-earth-rich site in Capacsaya, located at 123 km northwest of Cusco, at the south of Peru, contains significant quantities of light and heavy rare-earth elements such as neodymium, lanthanum, cerium, europium, and yttrium. This work reports the identification of rare-earth elements and their associated minerals using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Five (5) samples extracted from different locations at the Capacsaya site were characterized and identified K-feldspar as the mineral associated with the rare-earth elements in a representative sample with a high concentration of lanthanum and cerium. The results showed rare-earth elements contained within the mineral phase monazite, being cerium the dominant element in the phase (La, Ce, Nd)PO$$_4$$

4

. Finally, through the electrostatic separation process we demonstrate that it was possible to achieve an efficient separation of the K-feldspar phase in the particle size range 75–150 $$\upmu$$
μ
m.
Optimization and biosynthesis of calcined chicken eggshell doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst based nanoparticles for wastewater treatment
Authors: Bullo Tafere Aga , Bayisa Yigezu Mekonnen , Bultum Mohammed Seid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study presents, biosynthesis of calcinated eggshell (CES) doped with Titanium dioxide (TiO2,) photocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater. The influence of three independent variables for improving photodegradation efficiency was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology of Box–Behnken Design on the removal of methylene blue using the calcined chicken eggshells (CES) doped with titanium dioxide. The experimental result showed that 95.8% degradation efficiency of methylene blue by prepared photocatalyst at a contact time of 180 min, initial concentration of methylene blue of 10 ppm, and calcined eggshells (CES) doped with titanium dioxide dose of 2.5 g/L. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer and UV–vis Spectroscopy for determined their functional group, structure, and bandgap energy respectively. Their results depict the calcined eggshell doped with titanium dioxide photocatalyst is a promising option for the degradation of methylene blue from industrial wastewater under the stated condition.

Highlights

Analysis of chicken eggshell wastes are being used as photocatalyst source to calcinated eggshell doped TiO2, i.e., ‘Waste to photocatalyst’ for production of viable sustainable products to bio photocatalyst from wastewater to fulfill the need of an expensive metal-doped catalyst.

Photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue experiment has been done.

The highest degradation efficiency of 95.8% methylene blue was obtained at a contact time of 180 min, 10 ppm of initial concentration of methylene blue, and a dopant dose of 2.5 g/L by using prepared photocatalyst.
Assessment of rate of penetration of a tunnel boring machine in the longest railway tunnel of Turkey
Authors: Gokceoglu Candan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the most important issues in tunnels to be constructed with tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is to predict the excavation time. Excavation time directly affects tunnel costs and feasibility. For this reason, studies on the prediction of TBM performance have always been interesting for tunnel engineers. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop models to predict the rate of penetration (ROP) of TBMs. In accordance with the purpose of the study, a new database including 5334 cases is obtained from the longest railway tunnel of Turkey. Each case includes uniaxial compressive strength, Cerchar Abrasivity Index, α angle, weathering degree and water conditions as input or independent variables. Two multiple regression models and two ANN models are developed in the study. The performances of the ANN models are considerably better than those of the multiple regression equations. Before deep tunnel construction in a metamorphic rock medium, the ANN models developed in the study are reliable and can be used. In contrast, the performances of the multiple regression equations are promising, but they predict lower ROP values than the measured ROP values. Consequently, the prediction models for ROP are open to development depending on the new data and new prediction algorithms.
Governing Democracy Outside the Law: India's Election Commission and the Challenge of Accountability
Authors: Bhat M. Mohsin Alam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComparative law and politics literature widely recognizes the role of election management bodies (EMBs) in securing the well-being of constitutional democracies. Scholars have noted the political desirability of both independence and accountability of these institutions. But striking balance between these two values is easier said than done. This Article highlights the dilemma of accountability by focusing on India's Election Commission (ECI) as a paradigmatic version of a powerful EMB. Scholars of Indian politics have long noted the institution's widening powers – often beyond the original constitutional intent or parliamentary legislation – over the last few decades. This, they argue, has impaired its institutional accountability. This Article adopts a fresh perspective on the ECI's expansive functions, and the attendant concerns these raise. It argues that the ECI regulates the electoral process not through what we may ordinarily identify as the law. The most compelling and consequential of its functions are through extra-legal modalities of regulation. Drawing from recent scholarship on regulation, the Article argues that the ECI shapes the electoral environment and behaviour through non-legal modalities of architecture, nudge and notice-based regulations. Much like the other fields where they are deployed, these extra-legal modalities exhibit unique, and in many ways, inherent limitations with respect to transparency. It is thus this character of the ECI's functions – rather than only their widening breadth – that poses the most significant challenge for democratic accountability. Based on this assessment, the Article notes that for powerful EMBs like the ECI, accountability in the form of on-going operational accountability is inherently limited in compelling ways. This increases the stakes for accountability of these institutions through other means, particularly by securing their constitution, composition and tenure.