bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal operation of water resources systems using MOICA algorithm with reservoir hedging approach in low‐water regions*
Authors: Yarmohammadi Ehsan , Izadbakhsh Mohammad Ali , Rajabi Ahmad , Yosefvand Fariborz , Shabanlou Saeid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, simulation and optimization models are combined to apply the reservoir hedging policy. The simulation of the study basin is done by the Water Planning and Evaluation System (WEAP) model to operate the Doiraj dam reservoir located on Doiraj River. In addition, to optimize the system, the multi‐objective imperialist competitive algorithm (MOICA) model is employed so that the first goal is to maximize the percentage of supplying demands, while the second one is to reduce the violation of allowable capacities of the reservoir during the operation period. In this regard, modelling the operation of the reservoir is conducted based on the current condition for 720 months (i.e., from October 1960 to September 2019). Finally, by introducing the optimization scenario and applying the reservoir hedging policy, the optimization of the operation of the reservoir is done, and the outcomes are compared with the outputs of the reference scenario. In this study, by considering 24 decision variables including 12 hedging level variables and 12 hedging coefficient variables, the optimal answers are yielded after 1,000 iterations. The findings show that the violation of the allowable capacities did not occur in any period in the optimization scenario, while in the reference scenario, the reservoir level reached the dead level in sequent months with more water shortage, which might result in a lack of water supply in such months and serious damages to the system. Due to the application of the hedging principles in the optimization mode, the percentage of supplying the demands in the dry months has extended between 20% and 35% compared to the reference state, which demonstrates a significant reduction in the failure rate in such months compared to the reference mode.
The COVID‐19/racial injustice syndemic and mental health among Black Americans: The roles of general and race‐related COVID worry, cultural mistrust, and perceived discrimination
Authors: Cokley Kevin , Krueger Nolan , Cunningham Suzanne R. , Burlew Kathleen , Hall Shaina , Harris Keoshia , Castelin Stephanie , Coleman Carly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study explored intersecting concerns about COVID‐19 and racial injustice against Black people in the United States using a syndemic perspective. Findings from a multistate COVID‐19 needs assessment project examined the association of general and race‐related concerns about COVID‐19 and concerns about police violence against Black people with mental health symptoms in a sample of 2480 Black Americans. The role of cultural mistrust in vaccination status was also examined. Concerns about COVID‐19 were positively associated with concerns about police violence and associated with worse mental health. Nonvaccinated individuals were higher in cultural mistrust but lower in perceived discrimination than vaccinated individuals. Perceived discrimination partially mediated the relationship between race‐related concerns about COVID‐19 and mental health symptoms. Findings can inform the development of culturally responsive strategies to address the syndemic effects of COVID‐19 and racial injustice.
Optimizing temperature and introducing new process arrangements for elevating clay's longevity based on the known poisons in the separation process of trace olefins from aromatics
Authors: Rouhani Hadi , Farhadi Fatola , Akbari Kenari Mahsa , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe clay treatment widely utilized to reduce unsaturated components in aromatic stream has a detrimental effect on catalyst lifetime. Due to the short lifetime of commercial clay, a huge number of studies have been carried out to address this problem over the last decade. This study aims to optimize the temperature for longer serviceability of clay by removal of unsaturated aliphatic components from aromatic streams through the adsorption and catalytic properties of clay. A novel process arrangement is introduced by scheduling the reuse of deactivated clay that is discarded after deactivation.RESULTSResults showed that the suitable range of temperature for olefin removal is 155–205 °C, and the optimum temperature with the lowest operational cost was 185 °C, which is then gradually elevated to 205 °C.CONCLUSIONThe new process arrangements utilize these results and elevate clay's lifetime by almost 3.5 times, leading to an economical solution on an industrial scale. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Characteristics and mechanism of heterotrophic nitrification/aerobic denitrification in a novel Halomonas piezotolerans strain
Authors: Dong Lingxi , Ge Zhewen , Qu Wu , Fan Yingping , Dai Qiuping , Wang Jianxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA strain was isolated from an activated sludge system and identified as Halomonas piezotolerans HN2 in this study, which is the first strain in H. piezotolerans with the capability of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. Strain HN2 showed the maximum nitrogen removal rate of 9.10 mg/L/h by utilizing ammonium at the salinity of 3.0%. Under saline environment, HN2 could remove nitrogen efficiently in neutral and slightly alkaline environments, with the carbon sources of sodium succinate and sodium citrate and the C/N ratio of 15–20, and the maximum removal efficiencies of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate were 100%, 96.35%, and 99.7%, respectively. The genomic information revealed the presence of amoA, napA, and nosZ genes in strain HN2, and the target bands of nirS were obtained via a polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, we inferred that ammonium was mainly utilized for the growth of strain HN2 through assimilation, and another part of the initial ammonium was converted into nitrate through nitrification, and then into gaseous nitrogen through denitrification. This report indicated the potential application of strain HN2 and other nitrifying and denitrifying Halomonas strains in the removal of nitrogen pollution in marine‐related environments and also implies the important role of Halomonas in the nitrogen cycle process of the ocean.
Oxygen‐deficient water zones in the Baltic Sea promote uncharacterized Hg methylating microorganisms in underlying sediments
Authors: Capo Eric , Broman Elias , Bonaglia Stefano , Bravo Andrea G. , Bertilsson Stefan , Soerensen Anne L. , Pinhassi Jarone , Lundin Daniel , Buck Moritz , Hall Per O. J. , Nascimento Francisco J. A. , Björn Erik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuman‐induced expansion of oxygen‐deficient zones can have dramatic impacts on marine systems and its resident biota. One example is the formation of the potent neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) that is mediated by microbial methylation of inorganic divalent Hg (HgII) under oxygen‐deficient conditions. A negative consequence of the expansion of oxygen‐deficient zones could be an increase in MeHg production due to shifts in microbial communities in favor of microorganisms methylating Hg. There is, however, limited knowledge about Hg‐methylating microbes, i.e., those carrying hgc genes critical for mediating the process, from marine sediments. Here, we aim to study the presence of hgc genes and transcripts in metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from four surface sediments with contrasting concentrations of oxygen and sulfide in the Baltic Sea. We show that potential Hg methylators differed among sediments depending on redox conditions. Sediments with an oxygenated surface featured hgc‐like genes and transcripts predominantly associated with uncultured Desulfobacterota (OalgD group) and Desulfobacterales (including Desulfobacula sp.) while sediments with a hypoxic‐anoxic surface included hgc‐carrying Verrucomicrobia, unclassified Desulfobacterales, Desulfatiglandales, and uncharacterized microbes. Our data suggest that the expansion of oxygen‐deficient zones in marine systems may lead to a compositional change of Hg‐methylating microbial groups in the sediments, where Hg methylators whose metabolism and biology have not yet been characterized will be promoted and expand.
A Facile Approach to Sulfur‐Rich Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Recovery of Trace Gold
Authors: Liu Chao , Zhang Guiqing , Dong Anjie , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs one of the most precious metals with versatile uses, the global production needs of gold are much larger than its deposits. Therefore, it is imperative to recover gold from secondary sources so as to realize resource reuse and environmental protection. Due to the desirable physicochemical properties, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially the thiol/thioether‐functionalized sulfur‐rich COFs with strong affinity for Au ions, have exhibited promising prospects for gold recovery. However, their applications are still restricted by the commercially unavailable raw materials and complicated synthesis processes of thiol/thioether‐functionalization. Here, a kind of sulfur‐rich COFs (SCOFs) is designed and synthesized by Schiff base reaction in a single step from common commercial 4,4‐diaminophenyl sulfide and 1,3,5‐triformylbenzene, without any additional post‐synthetic modifications. The structure and physicochemical properties of SCOFs are fully characterized, and the adsorption performance for trace Au (III) ions in water is systematically investigated. The results indicate that SCOFs can efficiently and selectively recover Au (III) ions from dilute aqueous solutions. Considering the commercially available raw materials, simple preparation process, fast adsorption and high selectivity, SCOFs exhibit great potential in the field of the recovery of gold ions from various wastewater of mining industries, metal processing, electronic manufacturing, and scrap.
Dose reduction potential in diagnostic single energy CT through patient‐specific prefilters and a wider range of tube voltages
Authors: Steidel Jörg , Maier Joscha , Sawall Stefan , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeVarious studies have demonstrated that additional prefilters and/or reduced tube voltages have the potential to significantly increase the contrast‐to‐noise ratios at unit dose (CNRDs) and thereby to significantly reduce patient dose in clinical CT. An exhaustive analysis, accounting for a wide range of filter thicknesses and a wide range of tube voltages extending beyond the 70 to 150 kV range of today's CT systems, including their specific choice depending on the patient size, is, however, missing. Therefore, this work analyzes the dose reduction potential for patient‐specific selectable prefilters combined with a wider range of tube voltages. We do so for soft tissue and iodine contrast in single energy CT. The findings may be helpful to guide further developments of x‐ray tubes and automatic filter changers.MethodsCT acquisitions were simulated for different patient sizes (semianthropomorphic phantoms for child, adult, and obese patients), tube voltages (35–150 kV), prefilter materials (tin and copper), and prefilter thicknesses (up to 5 mm). For each acquisition soft tissue and iodine CNRDs were determined. Dose was calculated using Monte Carlo simulations of a computed tomography dose index (CTDI) phantom. CNRD values of acquisitions with different parameters were used to evaluate dose reduction.ResultsDose reduction through patient‐specific prefilters depends on patient size and available tube current among others. With an available tube current time product of 1000 mAs dose reductions of 17% for the child, 32% for the adult and 29% for the obese phantom were achieved for soft tissue contrast. For iodine contrast dose reductions were 57%, 49%, and 39% for child, adult, and obese phantoms, respectively. Here, a tube voltage range extended to lower kV is important.ConclusionsSubstantial dose reduction can be achieved by utilizing patient‐specific prefilters. Tube voltages lower than 70 kV are beneficial for dose reduction with iodine contrast, especially for small patients. The optimal implementation of patient‐specific prefilters benefits from higher tube power. Tin prefilters should be available in 0.1 mm steps or lower, copper prefilter in 0.3 mm steps or lower. At least 10 different prefilter thicknesses should be used to cover the dose optima of all investigated patient sizes and contrast mechanisms. In many cases it would be advantageous to adapt the prefilter thickness rather than the tube current to the patient size, that is, to always use the maximum available tube current and to control the exposure by adjusting the thickness of the prefilter.
Glutamate correlates negatively with cognitive theory of mind in schizotypy
Authors: Chen Si‐yu , Wang Ling‐ling , Li Gai‐ying , Wang Yi , Chu Min‐yi , Yan Chao , Lui Simon S. Y. , Li Jian‐qi , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study showed a negative correlation between the glutamate level in the anterior cingulate cortex and cognitive theory of mind in individuals with high level of schizotypy but not in non‐schizotypy individuals.
Internalized stigma among cancer patients enrolled in a smoking cessation trial: The role of cancer type and associations with psychological distress
Authors: Warner Erica T. , Park Elyse R. , Luberto Christina M. , Rabin Julia , Perez Giselle K. , Ostroff Jamie S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeCancer patients who smoke may experience significant stigma due both to their disease, and negative attitudes and beliefs regarding smoking. We investigated whether internalized stigma differed between currently smoking cancer patients diagnosed with lung or head and neck cancers, other smoking related cancers, and non smoking‐related cancers, and whether internalized stigma was associated with psychological distress.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis used baseline data on 293 participants enrolled in a multi‐site randomized smoking cessation intervention trial of patients with recently diagnosed cancer. Internalized stigma was assessed using five Internalized Shame items from the Social Impact of Disease Scale. Smoking‐related cancers included lung, head and neck, esophageal, bladder, kidney, liver, pancreatic, colorectal, anal, small intestinal, gastric, and cervical. We used multivariable linear regression to examine whether mean internalized stigma levels differed between individuals with lung and head and neck cancers, other smoking‐related cancers, and non smoking‐related cancers, adjusting for potential confounders. We further examined the association of internalized stigma with depression, anxiety, and perceived stress, overall and among cancer type groups.ResultsThirty‐nine percent of participants were diagnosed with lung or head and neck cancer, 21% with another smoking‐related cancer, and 40% with a non smoking‐related cancer. In multivariable‐adjusted models, participants with lung or head and neck cancers (11.6, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 10.8–12.2;p < 0.0001) or other smoking‐related cancers (10.7, 95% CI = 9.8–11.7;p = 0.03) had higher mean internalized stigma scores compared to those non‐smoking‐related cancers (9.3, 95% CI = 8.6–10.0). We observed similar positive associations between internalized stigma and depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress among participants with smoking‐related and non smoking‐related cancers.ConclusionsAmong smokers, those with smoking‐related cancers experienced the highest levels of internalized stigma, and greater internalized stigma was associated with greater psychological distress across cancer types. Providers should assess patients for internalized and other forms of stigma, refer patients for appropriate psychosocial support services, and address stigma in smoking cessation programs.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Incidence and severity in premature infants born at high altitude
Authors: Buendía Jefferson A. , Ramírez_Velasquez Cristian , Benjumea‐Bedoya Dione 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of chronic lung disease in children born prematurely. There is little information about the epidemiology and severity of BPD places with high altitude. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of BPD severity levels and the associated risk factors with severity in a cohort of preterm newborns ≤36weeks of gestational age born in Rionegro, ColombiaMaterials and MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analytical cohort of preterm newborns without major malformations from Rionegro, Colombia between 2011 and 2018 admitted to neonatal intensive unit at high altitude (2200 m above sea level). The main outcomes were the incidence and severity of BPD.ResultsThe BPD incidence was 23.5% 95% (confidence interval [CI], 19.6–27.7). BPD was grade 1 in 69.9%, grade 2 in 15.5% and grade 3 in 14.5% of patients. After modeling regression analysis, the final variables associated with BPD severity levels were: sepsis (odds ratio [OR], 4.15; 95% CI, 1.33–12.96) and pulmonary hypertension (OR: 3.86; 95% CI, 1.30‐11.4).ConclusionThe incidence of BPD was higher and similar to cities with higher altitudes. In our population, the variables associated with BPD severity levels were: sepsis and pulmonary hypertension. It is necessary to increase the awareness of risk factors, the effect of clinical practices, and early recognition of BPD to reduce morbidity in patients with this pathology.
Computationally Secure Quantum Oblivious Transfer
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhang Rui , Jiang Guohao , Sun Zhiwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOblivious transfer (OT) is one of the cornerstones of secure multiparty computation. It is clear that unconditionally secure OT is impossible. Any protocol for OT requires computational assumptions, such as number‐theoretic cryptographic assumptions or the assumptions of existence of one‐way functions. On the other hand, it is broadly believed that one‐way functions alone do not promise secure OT. However, in this paper, a novel computationally secure quantum oblivious transfer (QOT) protocol is proposed with the help of quantum channels under the minimum assumption requirements: the existence of one‐way functions.
A distributed algorithm for state estimation of dynamic coupled and networked systems with cross‐correlated noises
Authors: Sun Yibing , Zhao Yige 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the distributed problem for state estimation of dynamic systems, in which the system and measurement noises of each subsystem are cross‐correlated, and the local state of each subsystem is also coupled with that of the neighboring subsystems. By newly constructing measurements, the noises are uncorrelated, and we derive an algorithm only using the measurements and low‐dimensional information from neighboring subsystems. Furthermore, the obtained error covariance matrices have lower and upper bounds and the proposed algorithm enjoys local stability properties. In addition, two examples are shown the effectiveness of our algorithm when compared to the centralized Kalman filter, which is the optimal algorithm for entire information.
Influence of submerged woody debris at labyrinth weirs in river applications
Authors: Vaughn Taylor , Crookston Brian Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLabyrinth weirs are a type of flow‐control structure often placed in rivers, canals, and at dams due to their ability to pass high discharges at relatively small heads. However, woody debris from the catchment may be transported by the river and collect against the structure and accumulate, become waterlogged and submerged, and negatively impact structure hydraulics and the adjacent river reach. In this study, field data from the labyrinth weir on the Brazos River (Texas, USA) and a laboratory study were used to evaluate the interaction between labyrinth weirs and submerged woody debris jams in river applications. Structure hydraulics, including discharge rating curves, were studied for five submerged woody debris jam scenarios. Debris volume, debris jam geometry, and debris influence on the flow field highly influenced discharge capacity of labyrinth weirs with an average reduction to the discharge coefficient of at least 11%, and a maximum reduction of 33%. This corresponded to an increase in upstream head ranging from 17 to 41% for the range of flows tested in the laboratory.
Synthesis of Biobased Block Copolymers Using A Novel Methacrylated Methyl Salicylate and Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Hazer Baki , Subramaniyan Sathiyaraj , Zhang Baozhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel biobased vinyl monomer was synthesized by the reaction of methyl salicylate with methacrylic anhydride. The resulting salicylate based monomer was polymerized by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerizations using two or three trithiocarbonate functionalized poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) macro agents. The molecular structures of the obtained polymers were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and GPC analysis. The resulting block copolymers showed glass transition temperature (Tg) at 5 °C and melting temperature (Tm) at 160 °C according to DSC results. Compared to PHB, the obtained block copolymers displayed enhanced thermal stability according to TGA results. The overall rate constants of the RAFT polymerization using tri‐functionalized PHB macro agent were determined as 2.58 ×10−4, 1.17×10−4, and 0.50×10−4 L mol−1s−1 for 70, 80 and 90 °C, respectively. The activation energy was found to be 18.6 kcal K−1mol−1. The overall rate constant of the homopolymerization of the obtained monomer was determined as 1.14×10−4 Lmol−1s−1.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Energy Evolution from Sugar Beet Wastewater
Authors: Orak Ceren , Yüksel Asli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrogen is a clean, environmentally friendly, storable, and sustainable green energy source as well as a potential fuel. It could be produced from various biomass, wastewater, or other sources by different processes. In this study, hydrogen was evolved from sucrose model solution and real sugar beet wastewater by photocatalytic oxidation using a perovskite catalyst under solar light irradiation. In this context, firstly, the graphene supported LaFeO3 (GLFO) was synthesized and then, a characterization study shows that GLFO is successfully synthesized. To optimize the reaction parameters (pH, catalyst loading, and initial hydrogen peroxide concentration), an experimental matrix was created using the Box Behnken model. Whereas the highest hydrogen evolution from sucrose model solution was observed as 3520 μmol/gcat, the highest hydrogen evolution from sugar beet wastewater was obtained as 7035 μmol/gcat. The highest TOC removal (99.73 %) from sugar beet wastewater was also achieved at the same reaction conditions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 1‐Acyl‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones from Propargyl Amines and Acid Chlorides
Authors: Shang Yan , Wang Jian‐Shu , Ying Jun , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of propargyl amines and acid chlorides has been developed for the construction of 1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐one scaffolds. By employing TFBen as the CO source, the reaction provides a facile approach to access various 1‐acyl‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones in high yields.