bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Producing VIM Carbapenemase in an Intensive Care Unit and its termination by implementation of waterless patient care
Authors: Catho Gaud , Martischang R. , Boroli F. , Chraïti M.N. , Martin Y. , Tomsuk Z. Koyluk , Renzi G. , Schrenzel J. , Pugin J. , Nordmann P. , Blanc D. , Harbarth S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Long-term outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli related to hospital-building water systems have been described. However, successful mitigation strategies have rarely been reported. In particular, environmental disinfection or replacement of contaminated equipment usually failed to eradicate environmental sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods: We report the investigation and termination of an outbreak of P. aeruginosa producing VIM carbapenemase (PA-VIM) in the adult intensive care unit (ICU) of a Swiss tertiary care hospital with active case finding, environmental sampling and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of patient and environmental strains. We also describe the implemented control strategies and their effectiveness on eradication of the environmental reservoir.Results: Between April 2018 and September 2020, 21 patients became either infected or colonized with a PA-VIM strain. For 16 of them, an acquisition in the ICU was suspected. Among 131 environmental samples collected in the ICU, 13 grew PA-VIM in sink traps and drains. WGS confirmed the epidemiological link between clinical and environmental strains and the monoclonal pattern of the outbreak. After removing sinks from patient rooms and implementation of waterless patient care, no new acquisition was detected in the ICU within 6 months after the intervention.Discussion: Implementation of waterless patient care with removal of the sinks in patient rooms was successful for termination of a PA-VIM ICU outbreak linked to multiple environmental water sources. WGS provides highly discriminatory accuracy to investigate environment-related outbreaks.
Cubic-Quartic Optical Solitons in Bragg Gratings Fibers for Perturbed NLSE Having Parabolic-Nonlocal Law of Refractive Index Using Two Integration Schemes
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M. E. , Alngar Mohamed E. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The optical solitons in Bragg gratings fibers for perturbed NLSE having cubic-quartic dispersive reflectivity with parabolic-nonlocal combo law of refractive index are studied. The extended auxiliary equation method and the addendum to Kudryashov's method are introduced. The existence criteria for such solitons are indicated.
FungiExp: A Comprehensive Platform For Exploring Fungal Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing Based On 35,821 RNA-Seq Experiments From 220 Fungi
Authors: Liu Jinding , Yin Fei , Lang Kun , Jie Wencai , Tan Suxu , Duan Rongjing , Huang Shuiqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: RNA-seq has become a standard tool in biology and has produced large and diverse transcriptomic datasets for users to explore fungal expression regulation. Fungal alternative splicing, which is attracting increasing attention because of evolutionary adaptations to changing external conditions has not been thoroughly investigated in previous studies, unlike that of animals and plants. However, the analyses of RNA-seq datasets are made difficult by the heterogeneity of study design and complex bioinformatics approaches. Comprehensive analyses of these published datasets should contribute new insights into fungal expression regulation.Results: We have developed a web-based platform called FungiExp hosting fungal gene expression levels and alternative splicing profiles in 35,821 curated RNA-seq experiments from 220 species. It allows users to perform retrieval via diverse terms and sequence similarity. Moreover, users can customize experimental groups to perform differential and specific expression analyses. The wide range of data visualization is an additional important feature that should help users intuitively understand retrieval and analysis results.Conclusions: With its uniform data processing, easy data accessibility, convenient retrieval, and analysis functions, FungiExp is a valuable resource and tool that allows users to (re)use published RNA-seq datasets. It is accessible at http://bioinfo.njau.edu.cn/fungiExp.
Characterization of PVPK90 core shell nanofibers containing curcumin prepared by emulsion electrospinning process
Authors: Kamali Hossein , Farzadnia Parisa , Movaffagh Jebraeil , Abbaspour Mohammadreza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The pharmacological effects of curcumin (CUR) as a polyphenolic ingredient of turmeric affected by its water insolubility, poor bioavailability, and instability. The electrospun nanofibers of hydrophilic biodegradable polymer can be addressed this issue. The current study aimed to investigate the CUR-loaded core-shell PVPK90 nanofibers generated from O/W nanoemulsions. CUR-loaded PVPK90 fibers were prepared based on the central composite design and different levels of drug concentration, flow rate, amount of acetone, and organic phase percentage by electrospinning technique and their diameter and uniformity, tensile strength, wetting and disintegration time were evaluated. Then, DSC, FTIR, XRD, TEM, fluorescence microscopy, and drug release test were carried out on the optimized nanofibers. The formulation containing 6 mg/mL CUR, 30% organic phase, 0.4 mL acetone, and flow rate of 1 mL/h was selected as optimum formulation. The results were confirmed the core-shell bead-free uniform fibers at the nanometer scale. The optimum nanofiber showed a good flexibility, short wetting and disintegrating times as well as the amorphous structure. The drug release pattern indicated the rapid release of the drug within 30 min. Our findings confirm that the O/W emulsion electrospinning-based PVPK90 core-shell nanofiber would be beneficial as a novel delivery system for water insoluble drug.
Curriculum Development on the Human Rights of People with Disabilities for Future Medical Education: Using a modified Delphi
Authors: Lee Bomyee , Park So-Youn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Healthcare workers’ negative attitudes towards people with disabilities and limited understanding of disability characteristics create barriers for people with disabilities to access healthcare services. Healthcare workers untrained in treating patients with disabilities may exhibit negative attitudes, such as a doctor’s unilateral decisions or insufficient respect for patients’ experiences and opinions. This study aimed to develop a systematic medical education curriculum for increasing understanding of people with disabilities and treating patients with disabilities.
Methods

The authors conducted a systematic literature review to develop and verify the basic framework of the educational content and curriculum. Two surveys were also developed using the Delphi method to evaluate the adequacy and necessity of educational topics. Items with a content validity ratio equal to or greater than the minimum value were considered valid. Survey panels comprised academic experts and healthcare practitioners who were working with people with disabilities. We conducted two surveys, one for a basic and the other for an advanced course, in which 13 to 16 respondents took part.
Results

The authors selected 13 topics for the ‘Basic Introductory Course’ and included general educational content on the health rights of people with disabilities focused on improving students’ knowledge of disabilities. The authors also selected 12 topics for the ‘Care and Communication for Patients with Disabilities Course’ designed to improve students’ understanding of interviewing and communicating with patients with disabilities.
Conclusions

In Korea, disability has received little attention in the medical curriculum to date. The curriculum developed in this study provides preliminary data for guiding future directions in medical education and developing specific support plans for education that promotes people with disabilities’ health rights.
Detection of Antibiotic Resistance of Broad-Spectrum Beta-Lactams by Multiplex PCR Method
Authors: Raieszadeh Mohamad , khosravi mohamad ali , Sabzi Niloofar , Esmaeili Davoud 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOne of the most resistant important mechanisms against beta-lactam antibiotics is Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. These enzymes can hydrolyze penicillin, cephalosporin, Cephamycin, and monobactam. The genes of these enzymes are located on integron and can be transmitted to other strains of bacteria, including the Enterobacteriaceae.The study of ESBL genes is critical for the report to clinicians for an appropriate antibiotic pattern. This study aimed for rapid and precise identification of ESBL genes by the Multiplex PCR method.Methods In this study, three pair primers were designed for common ESBL genes (TEM, AmpC, KPC) using Genscript software. The first use contains control positive genes was performed set-up of PCR. Negative control samples and the 50 isolates of the Escherichia coli isolated from Baqiyatallah hospital were studied with this method. Results The results of this research showed that primers designed for ESBL genes (TEM, AmpC, KPC) were able to simultaneously identify positive control samples. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR technique for ESBL genes was 1 pg and specificity reported 100%.Conclusion This study showed that a Multiplex PCR designed with a sensitivity of 1 pg and 100% specificity can correctly detect ESBL genes. Therefore, by quickly and correctly identifying the pattern of antibiotic resistance and providing a suitable treatment pattern to physicians, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes as well as the occurrence of economic and human losses can be prevented.
All-Dielectric Metasurface with Ultrahigh Color Filtering and Polarization-Independent/Dependent Characteristics
Authors: Chen Kunlin , Fang Rongpeng , Wen Yao , Lin Yu-Sheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
All-dielectric nanostructure-based color filter (CF) has attracted huge interest in many fields due to its excellent optical properties. We present four metasurface-based CFs with different shapes on quartz substrates to generate pure blue, green and red colors. CFs show maximum reflection intensities of 99.6%, 99.7%, and 95.1% and the corresponding spectra bandwidths are 13 nm, 16 nm, and 14 nm for blue, green and red colors, respectively. The proposed metasurface-based CFs possess high color saturations and ultra-narrow bandwidths. In addition, metasurface-based CFs with different shapes show the tunability for color switching characteristics. These CFs designs will potentially benefit reflective display technologies, and their ultrahigh color filtering and polarization-independent/dependent characteristics are particularly useful for high resolution color printing, micro-LED, polarizer-switches, tunable color switches, and so on.
Linking Genetic Determinants With Salinity Tolerance and Ion Relationships in Eggplant, Tomato, and Pepper
Authors: Suarez Donald L. , Celis Nydia , Ferreira Jorge F.S. , Reynolds Trevor , Sandhu Devinder 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Solanaceae family includes commercially important vegetable crops characterized by their relative sensitivity to salinity. Evaluation of 24 heirloom cultivars of eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and pepper (Capsicum spp.) from different geographic regions under salinity revealed significant variation in salt tolerance. Relative fruit yield under salt treatment varied from 52 to 114% for eggplant, 56 to 84% for tomato, and 52 to 99% for pepper. Cultivars from all three crops, except Habanero peppers (C. chinense), restricted Na transport from roots to shoots under salinity. The high salt tolerance level showed a strong association with low leaf Na concentration. Additionally, the K-salinity/K-control ratio was critical in determining the salinity tolerance of a genotype. Differences in relative yield under salinity were regulated by several component traits, which was consistent with the gene expression of relevant genes. Gene expression analyses using 12 genes associated with plant salt tolerance showed that, for eggplant and pepper, Na+ exclusion was a vital component trait, while sequestration of Na+ into vacuoles was critical for tomato plants. The high variability for salt tolerance found in heirloom cultivars helped characterize genotypes based on component traits of salt tolerance, enabling breeders to increase the salt tolerance of Solanaceae cultivars.
Assessing Demand for Doctoral-Prepared PA Faculty: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kayingo Gerald , Kibe Lucy , Venzon Aldreen , Gordes Karen L. , Cawley James F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Many health profession programs have transitioned to doctoral credentials. While a master’s degree is the terminal degree for the Physician Assistant (PA) profession, there is increasing discussion for a PA terminal doctoral credential in America. This study examines trends, demand and economic opportunities for doctoral prepared PA faculty; specifically, assessing to what extent PA faculty employers prefer doctoral credentials. Methodology: This longitudinal retrospective observational study assessed commonly required/preferred academic credentials in PA faculty job postings. Data from 2014 to 2020 was obtained from the labor analytics firm Burning Glass Technologies (BGT) and other academic job search engines. Data on current PA faculty and program directors were obtained from PAEA survey reports. Wage gap analysis was performed to gain additional insight for the supply and demand of PA educators with a doctoral degree. Results: Of the 612 unique job ads posted from 232 PA programs between 2014 and 2020, approximately 38.9% (238) stated a preference or requirement for a doctoral degree. Nearly half of the postings for program directors and leadership positions preferred candidates with doctorates. There was a correlation between tenure eligibility positions (20.1%) and preference/requirement for doctoral credentials. PAEA survey data (2014-2019) revealed approximately 24% PA faculty and 45-48% of program directors held a doctoral degree with Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) as the most frequently held doctorate. No significant difference existed in wages for faculty with or without doctoral degree. Conclusions: Among our sample of PA program job ads, there is a preference for doctoral-prepared PA educators and the demand for these candidates is greater than market supply. Our analysis has implications for individual faculty career planning, employers and the PA profession as it debates transition to a terminal doctoral credential. Further studies should assess the impact of doctoral credentials on PA education by examining measurable outcomes.
Clinical Evaluation of Automatic Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS TM) in Coronary CT Angiography Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Huang Zengfa , Xiao Jianwei , Hu Yun , Li Zuoqin , Guo Ning , Zhang Shutong , Xie Yuanliang , Li Xiang , Wang Xiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronary artery disease reporting and data system (CAD-RADSTM) was recently introduced for standard reporting. We aimed to evaluate the utility of an automatic post-processing and reporting system based on CAD-RADS in suspected CAD patients.Methods: The clinical evaluation was encompassed 346 patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). We compared deep learning (DL)-based CCTA with Readers for classification of CAD-RADS with commercially-available automated segmentation and manual post-processing in a prospective validation cohort. Results: Compared with invasive coronary angiography (ICA), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of DL model for diagnosis of CAD were 79.02%, 86.52%, 89.50%, 73.94% and 82.08%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the DL-based and Readers-based CAD-RADS grading in CCTA. The consistency test showed that the Kappa value between the model and Readers was 0.775 (95% CI: 0.728-0.823, P < 0.001), 0.802 (95% CI: 0.756-0.847, P<0.001), and 0.796 (95% CI: 0.750-0.843, P < 0.001), respectively. This system reduces the time consumed from 14.97 ± 1.80 min to 5.02 ± 0.8 min (P < 0.001).Conclusion: The standardized report of DL-based CAD-RADS in CCTA can accurately evaluate suspected CAD patients with time-saving, and has good consistency with the radiologists.
First Tracking of the Oceanic Spawning Migrations of Australasian Short- Finned Eels (Anguilla Australis)
Authors: Koster Wayne , Aarestrup Kim , Birnie-Gauvin Kim , Church Ben , Dawson David , Lyon Jarod , O’Connor Justin , Righton David , Rose Denis , Westerberg Hakan , stuart Ivor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Across their near-global range, anguillid eel populations have declined dramatically over the last fifty years and many species are now threatened. A critical life history phase is migration from freshwater to distant oceans, culminating in their single life-time spawning event. For many anguillids, especially those in the southern hemisphere, mystery still shrouds their oceanic spawning migrations. We investigated the oceanic spawning migrations of the Australasian short-finned eel (Anguilla australis) using pop-up satellite archival tags. Eels were collected from river estuaries (38°S, 142°E) in south-eastern temperate Australia. In 2019, sixteen eels were tracked for up to about 5 months, ~2620 km from release, and as far north as the tropical Coral Sea (22°S, 155°E) off the north-east coast of Australia. Eels from southern Australia appeared to access deep water off the Australian coast via two main routes: (i) directly east via Bass Strait, or (ii) south-east around Tasmania, which is the shortest route to deep water. Tagged eels exhibited strong diel vertical migrations, alternating between the warm euphotic zone (~100 to 300 m, 15 to 20°C) at night, and the mesopelagic zone (~700 m to 900 m, 6 to 8°C) during the day. Marine predators, probably lamnid sharks, tuna, or marine mammals, ended many eel migrations (at least ~30%), with many eels lost before leaving the Australian continental shelf. The long and risky marine migrations of Australasian eels highlight the need for better information on the processes contributing to eel mortality across the life cycle, including the impacts of future changes to oceanic currents, predator abundance and direct anthropogenic disturbances.
Identifying Benefit Factors Associated With Primary Tumor Resection in Patients With Stage IV Gastric Cancer: a Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Yan Haihao , Liu Zheng , Jin Ye 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: At present, the beneficial factors related to surgery at the primary tumor site in patients with stage IV gastric cancer (GC) are unclear. We developed a new selection process to determine the beneficial factors associated with primary tumor surgery.Methods: Patients with stage IV GC were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and were divided into surgery and non-surgery groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival curve before and after the propensity score-matched analysis (PSM). We believe that patients in the surgery group who have a longer median cancer-specific survival (CSS) time than those in the non-surgery group can benefit from surgery. Use Multivariate Logistic regression analysis to determine the benefit factors related to surgery.Results: A total of 7259 patients with stage IV GC were included, of which 29.95% (2174) underwent primary tumor surgery. After PSM, the median CSS of the surgery group and the non-surgery group was 12 months and 7 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that age, T stage, primary tumor site, histological classification, histological grade, and chemotherapy were independently correlated with CSS. We included the independent related factors affecting CSS in COX analysis in the multivariate Logistics regression model. The results showed that T stage, histological grade, and chemotherapy were related to surgical benefit.Conclusion: The surgery to the primary tumor site can prolong the survival time of patients with stage IV GC, and surgeons should screen patients before surgery. Our results show that patients with T stage T4b and histological grade GIII/GIV do not benefit from surgery, while patients receiving chemotherapy can benefit from surgery.
Gaining Insights To Understand The Anti-Inflammatory Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium In Combination With Stigmasterol In IL-1β-Stimulated Rat Articular Chondrocytes – An In-Vitro Approach
Authors: Sampath Samuel Joshua Pragasam , Rath Subha Narayan , Kotikalapudi Nagasuryaprasad , Venkatesan Vijayalakshmi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease predominantly characterized by inflammation which drives cartilage destruction. Mesenchymal stem cells-condition medium (MSC-CM) or the secretome is enriched with bioactive factors and possesses anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of combining MSC-conditioned medium with stigmasterol compared with per se treatments in alleviating interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-induced inflammation in rat chondrocytes. Stigmasterol is a phytosterol exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects. IL-1β (10ng/ml) was used to induce inflammation and mimic OA in-vitro in primary rat articular chondrocytes. The IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes were treated with MSC-CM, stigmasterol, and a combination of MSC-CM and stigmasterol for 24 hours. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), collagen II (COL2A1) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑13 were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Gene expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-13 and A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinases with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS)-5 were measured using qRT-PCR. NF-κB signaling pathway was studied using western blotting. A significant reduction in the expression of iNOS, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 and a significant increase in COL2A1 expression was observed in the rat chondrocytes across all the treatment groups. However, the combination treatment of MSC-CM and stigmasterol remarkably reversed the IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory/pro-catabolic responses to near normal levels comparable to the control group. The combination treatment (MSC-CM+stigmasterol) elicited a superior anti-inflammatory/anti-catabolic effect by inhibiting the IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation evidenced by the negligible phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα subunits, thereby emphasizing the benefit of the combination therapy over the per se treatments.