bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Open Space as a Place for Social and Physical Well-being: Narratives from two Different Urban Settings of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Timalsina Krishna Prasad 
Published: February 2021

Increasing population and densification of the cities lead to increasing land value by the high demand of land for housing and other infrastructure developments are the reasons that tend to decreasing open spaces in Kathmandu Valley in general, and Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) in particular. Urban open space has been considered as a place that is accessible to all residents and is important in the urban context as such space provides an opportunity as a place for social interaction, networking, recreation, and various physical health exercises. However, different social and economic contexts of the society reflect different patterns of its uses.Two different urban settings (core urban areas having indigenous dominant population and fringe urban areas having migrants’ dominant population) have been taken as a basis for analysis in this paper to look at how different urban societies use open spaces differently. Open spaces are not only important for maintaining urban greenery and beauty for the city but are valued for accumulating social capital and enhancing physical well-being to urban communities. These issues are analyzed through the interpretative research methodology by collecting the data through in-depth interviews, key informants’ interviews, informal conversational interviews, and nonparticipatory observation from two different urban settings of KMC.
An Analysis of Natural Factors Affecting the Dispersal and Establishment of Iron Age III (800-550 B.C) Settlements in the Western Zayandeh-Rud River Basin (West and Northwest of Isfahan)
Authors: Dehkordi Masoomeh Taheri , Alian Alamdar 
Published: February 2021

Humans are always effect to their surroundings, which makes it possible to create habitable environments and create habitat patterns that fit the surrounding environment. The interaction between human being and environment either in the form of human effect on the environment or the environment effect on the human, cannot be considered out of the environment. According to this approach in archaeology, environmental factors have an important role in assessing settlements in each period. In addition to the recognition of the degree of environmental impact, this approach makes the degree of adaptation of the habitats with the dominant environmental conditions possible. As geospatial tools become more powerful, GIS archaeology has evolved as well, making it possible to visualize ancient settlements and analyze changes in the use of space over time. By incorporating historic map data, physical details of an area’s landscape and known information about past inhabitants, archaeologists can accurately predict the positions of sites with cultural, historical relevance. In this research Iron Age III (800-550 B.C )sites in the west and northwest of Isfahan were studied via GIS. The area studied is one of the most important but unknown areas of archaeological research due to its location in the center of the Iranian plateau and a link between the north-west and the south-west of the country. The environmental characteristics of the studied area have attracted the attention of humans since ancient times.Therefore, it was considered necessary to conduct archaeological excavations. To achieve this goal, the area was first studied archaeologically. As a result of this survey, approximately 50 ancient sites were identified which included the statistical population used for analysis.The effect of environmental variables including altitude, slope (percentage and direction), climate,geological structure, distances and proximity to water resources, land use and proximity to communication paths on the distribution of settlements in the study area was investigated. Through analytical-descriptive method, the factors affecting the formation and distribution of the establishment patterns of the period in question were examind. After analyzing the information and maps, the results indicated that among all the factors, three environmental factors were the most important in the formation of ancient settlements of the Iron Age III era in the west and northwest of Isfahan: factors relating to water resources,proximity to communication paths, and slope percentage and direction.
County-level USA: No Robust Relationship between Geoclimatic Variables and Cognitive Ability
Authors: Pesta Bryan J. , Fuerst John G. R. , Kirkegaard Emil 
Published: February 2021

Using a sample of ~3,100 U.S. counties, we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography. These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography,even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations.Our results generally do not support UV radiation (UVR) based or other geoclimatic models. Specifically, although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S. county-level (β = -.33), its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates (β = -.16), and was reduced even further with a spatial lag (β = -.10). For climate models,average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag (β = .35). However, the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses. Moreover,when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity, no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag. Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model. Instead, results seemed to provide support for compositional models.
Research on marine pollution problems and solutions in China from the perspective of marine tourism
Authors: Zheng Yuxiang , Liu Dandan 
Published: February 2021

Based on the perspective of marine tourism, this paper integrates various types of marine pollution, and puts forward high-quality development solutions and future extension direction of marine tourism. Through the research, it is found that the main culprits of marine pollution mainly include the following seven points: human activities produce garbage; white pollution; ship pollution; exploration of marine oil and gas resources and mineral pollution; land reclamation; pollution in mariculture industry and new estrogen pollution. The causes of marine pollution and countermeasures are discussed.
Microbial Communities in Water during Red Tides along the Coast of China-A Case Study of Prorocentrum Donghaiense Red Tide in the East China Sea
Authors: Huang Bei , Wei Na , Hu Yuheng , Mao Hongyue 
Published: February 2021

Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans. The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China. In order to accurately grasp the occurrence of red tides in the coastal waters of the East China Sea, and to understand the microbial communities in the waters during the occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea, a special survey of red tides in the coastal waters of Zhejiang, China was carried out in June 2018. The results showed that nutrient concentrations of N and P were generally high in this area, DIN concentrations in most areas exceeded the permitted limit of Chinese seawater quality grade I. There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen, pH, COD, chlorophyll and phytoplankton abundance of red tides. During the investigation, red tides were found in the waters near the Yushan Islands. The content of chlorophyll a was 42.12mg/m3, the cell abundance of phytoplankton was 8.16×108/L, and the abundance of Prorocentrum edulis accounted for 98.5%. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used for 16s high-throughput sequencing of water microorganisms, and a total of 16 bacteria were identified. Proteobacteria is the first dominant phylum, followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides. Some differences in bacterial community compositions between HAB and the nearby seawater were observed. The predominant bacteria in the red tide occurrence area were Proteobacteria, comprising 46.1% of the relative abundance; while the predominant bacteria in the nearby sea area, comprising 42.0% of the relative abundance.
Alterations in Quality Parameters of Mastitic Milk
Authors: Azam Maria , Naseer Muhammad Aamir , Mumtaz Kiran , Muzammil Iqra , Atta Khazeena , Ahmed Rais , Islam Aqib Amjad 
Published: February 2021

Quality milk production in modern dairy systems is facing many challenges. Salient in them is mastitis which is responsible for decline in milk production, altered milk composition and compromised udder health. The malaise consists of multiple bacterial etiologies which can be broadly classified into contagious pathogens and environmental pathogens S. aureus is being isolated invariably in all epidemiological studies, followed by E. coli. Pathogenic virulence in mastitis is often accounted due to microbial ability of producing wide array of virulence factors that enhances pathogenicity and sustainment potential in the epithelial linings of udder. Mastitis affects quality parameters of milk i.e. constitutional as well as mineral profile due to local damage and inflammatory mediators. It decreases the lactose secretion because of oxidative stress generated due to the formation of free radicals in the milk. In mastitic milk, IgG2 becomes the predominant antibody which is thought to be the main opsonin supporting neutrophil phagocytosis in the bovine mammary gland. Therefore, it plays a significant role in the battle against mastitis pathogens. Mastitis infected cow shows a notable elevated level of the sodium and chlorine and demoted level of calcium, potassium and inorganic phosphorus. In micro minerals, mastitis affects are pretty much same as in most macro minerals i.e. lower down their concentration in milk secretion. Consistent preventive strategy alongside strict surveillance and biosecurity is recommended for combating this challenge.
Patient Safety Data Sharing and Protection From Legal Discovery
Authors: Suydam Steven , Liang Bryan A. , Anderson Storm , Weinger Matthew B. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The Institute of Medicine report, To Err Is Human, recommended that collaborative networks of health care organizations should exchange information regarding medical errors to prevent the same errors from being repeated. Another recommendation, that Congress enact legislation protecting such exchanged information from legal discovery, has not occurred. Even if such legislation does pass, it may conflict with existing federal discovery requirements. Nevertheless, existing state and federal law may offer some protection. The most promising source of existing protection for all members of patient safety collaboratives is 42 U.S.C. §299c-3(c), which extends protection to data collection sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The Department of Health and Human Services’ confidentiality certificates and state peer review protection laws may offer little if any protection. However, with AHRQ sponsorship and the proper structure, health care organizations may be able to safely exchange information with one another without fear of liability or disclosure of sensitive information.
Physician Event Reporting: Training the Next Generation of Physicians
Authors: Nguyen Quang-Tuyen , Weinberg Joanna , Hilborne Lee H. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Physician reporting of adverse events and unsafe situations remains extremely low, despite the increased access to and use of electronic event reporting systems. We implemented an electronic, Web-based event reporting system at five University of California medical center campuses. While these campuses have witnessed approximately a three-fold increase in staff reporting following the implementation of the electronic system in 2003, physician reporting remains low — only 1.7 percent of all submitted reports were from physicians and only 4.5 percent of registered users are attending physicians and house officers. Our experience validates that of others; specifically, physician event reporting is a largely elusive practice. To change this behavior, it may be necessary to start at the beginning — to begin the discussion of error disclosure and adverse event reporting at the time when future physicians are still medical students. There have been several calls for medical schools and academic medical centers to improve patient safety and the quality of health care by explicitly educating and training the next generation of physicians in these areas. Although quality of care is implicit in most medical and other professional school curricula, medical students generally are not given the training necessary to meet the specific challenges outlined by the Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Quality of Health Care in America reports, including To Err Is Human.
Preventing Medication Errors in Ambulatory Care: The Importance of Establishing Regimen Concordance
Authors: Schillinger Dean , Machtinger Eddie , Wang Frances , Rodriguez Maytrella , Bindman Andrew 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Miscommunication between patients and providers can have serious consequences—especially where medications are concerned. Because oral anticoagulants are associated with preventable adverse events at disproportionately high rates, we used the model of anticoagulant care to examine the extent to which regimen discordance between patient and provider contributes to unsafe medication management.

Methods:
We performed a study among 220 long-term users of warfarin in an anticoagulation clinic to characterize the importance of two medication assessment components. We measured (1) adherence to warfarin by asking patients to report any missed doses during the prior 30 days, and (2) concordance between patients’ and providers’ reports of prescribed warfarin regimens. We categorized patients as having complete adherence if they missed no doses and regimen concordance if there was patient-provider agreement in the total weekly dosage. We examined the independent relationships between (a) adherence and anticoagulant outcomes, and (b) concordance and anticoagulant outcomes. We characterized anticoagulant outcomes as unsafe if international normalized ratio (INR) values either were &lt; 2.0 (at risk for thrombosis) or &gt; 4.0 (at risk for hemorrhage) over 90 days, using repeated measures analysis.

Results:
One hundred fifty-five patients (70.5 percent) reported no missed warfarin doses during the prior 30 days. In multivariate models, poor adherence was associated with under-anticoagulation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.56–3.45; P &lt; 0.001), but not with over-anticoagulation (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 0.69–2.66; P = 0.38). One hundred ten patients (50 percent) reported warfarin regimens that were discordant with respect to the clinicians’ report. Among adherent patients, discordance was associated with both under-anticoagulation (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.00–2.78; P = 0.05) and over-anticoagulation (AOR = 3.44; 95% CI = 1.32–9.09; P = 0.01). There was no relationship between patients’ reports of adherence and concordance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14 95% CI = 0.64–2.04; P = 0.66).

Conclusion:
Discordance between clinicians and patients regarding warfarin regimens is unsettlingly common and places patients at risk for thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events. To promote safe and effective care, clinicians should sequentially determine adherence (missed doses) and regimen concordance during routine medication assessments. Systems need to be developed to ensure patient-provider concordance in medication regimens.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA UNTUK PEMBUATAN PUPUK KOMPOS DAN BRIKET
Authors: Djamalu Yunita , Haluti Siradjiddin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK
Pengolahan sampah/limbah khususnya limbah rumah tangga saat ini sudah menjadi program utama pemerintah untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Pada kegiatan ini, limbah akan diolah menjadi pupuk kompos dan briket yang bisa digunakan ibu-ibu untuk mengantisipasi kekurangan gas elpiji. Karena selain penumpukan limbah pada hampir setiap rumah, pendistribusian Gas Elpiji juga menjadi satu persoalan yang dihadapi masyarakat. Akhir-akhir ini pendistribusian gas Elpiji sudah mulai dibatasi sehingga ibu-ibu rumah tangga mengalami kesulitan untuk mendapatkannya.
Wilayah yang menjadi sasaran pada pelaksanaan kegiatan ini Kelompok ibu-ibu rumah tangga masyarakat Desa Buntulia Barat Kecamatan Duhiadaa. Hasil diskusi dengan beberapa masyarakat Desa Buntulia Barat Kecamatan Duhiadaa bahwa, salah satu yang menjadi persoalan utama pada masyarakat yakni adanya penumpukan sampah. Sampah menumpuk diakibatkan masih tercampurnya antara sampah basah dengan sampah kering. Sehingga sampah yang sudah kering menjadi lembab/basah dan tidak bisa dibakar. Hasil dari pelaksanaan PKM adalah sebagai berikut : (1) Jumlah peserta mencapai 20 orang yang terdiri dari ibu-ibu rumah tangga dan beberapa orang aparat desa; (2) Peserta PKM yang terdiri dari ibu-ibu rumah tangga memberikan respon yang sangat baik dan mereka sangat tertarik dengan materi yang disampaikan. Karena limbah seperti limbah dapur/ sisa makanan dan daun-daun gugur yang ada dipekarangan rumah yang tadinya hanya dibuang/dibakar, ternyata bisa bermanfaat; (3) Pembuatan briket sangat menarik bagi peserta karena cara pembuatan yang sangat mudah dengan bahan dan alat yang mudah didapatkan serta mampu mengatasi masalah kekurangan gas elpiji.
SOSIALISASI PENGGUNAAN INTERNET SEHAT DI SMK NEGERI 1 MARISA KABUPATEN POHUWATO
Authors: Sinukun Ruly , Pakaya Roys , Tapate Abdul Rahman 
Published: February 2021

Internet sebagai pusat pencarian dan penyediaan data sangat bermanfaat bagi para siswa untuk proses pembelajaran. Namun, kurangnya kesadaran akan penggunaan internet yang sehat menyebabkan tidak dapat dihindarinya dampak negatif dari internet. Begitu pula halnya dengan siswa-siswi yang berada di SMK Negeri 1 Marisa Kabupaten Pohuwato. Untuk menghindari penggunaan internet yang berlebihan, tidak terkontrol, dan tidak benar, Sosialisasi Penggunaan Internet Sehat menjadi sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan. Dalam sosialisasi ini juga disampaikan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (Undang-Undang No. 11 tahun 2008). Kegiatan sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan para siswa-siswi di SMK Negeri 1 Marisa Kabupaten Pohuwato. Adapun hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah pertama, adanya kesadaran pihak sekolah akan pentingnya upaya terus melakukan kontrol terhadap penggunaan Internet oleh siswa agar mereka menjadi pribadi yang berhasil di masa depan. Kedua, pengabdian ini telah meningkatkan pengetahuan ataupun pemahaman siswa-siswi SMK Negeri 1 Marisa Kabupaten Pohuwato tentang norma-norma dan dampak yang ditimbulkan dalam menggunakan internet, sehingga para siswa-siswi lebih bijaksana di dalam menggunakan teknologi internet. Hal ini nampak dari begitu antusiasnya para siswa dalam sesi diskusi. Ketiga, terjalinnya kerjasama antara kampus dan sekolah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu upaya pendampingan penggunaan internet sehat di lingkungan sekolah menengah atas atau yang setara.
Aplikasi Aplikasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Android Pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Yunus Yulanda Hamzah 
Published: February 2021

Kurangnya minat dan perhatian siswa SMP Negeri 2 Suwawa dalam proses belajar mengajar, karena pengaruh penggunaan telepon seluler yang umumnya digunakan siswa hanya untuk memenuhi gaya hidup (main game, sosial media). Pihak SMP Negeri 2 Suwawa mengharapkan dapat mengkombinasikan antara teknologi dan pendidikan sehingga siswa tidak hanya menggunakan handphone atau telepon seluler untuk memenuhi gaya hidup dapat dimanfaatkan untuk media/sarana belajar, sehingga siswa tidak hanya belajar di dalam kelas namun bisa dilakukan dimana saja dan kapan saja khususnya mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia karena mata pelajaran tersebut merupakan satu dari tiga mata pelajaran yang dijadikan sebagai mata pelajaran dalam Ujian Nasional baik di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Aplikasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Android diharapkan dapat menarik kembali minat siswa dalam belajar Bahasa Indonesia dan membantu siswa untuk lebih mudah belajar dan memahami pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan menggunakan software Eclipse Juno, SQLite, dan diimplementasikan dalam sistem oprasi mobile yaitu Android yang sedang berkembang pesat. . Berdasarkan hasil pengujiaan Whitebox pada salah satu proses dalam sistem ini yaitu pada menu materi dengan perolehan hasil yang seimbang V(G) = 5 dan Ciclometic Complexity (CC) = 5, maka sistem ini dinyatakan dapat berjalan dengan baik. Sedangkan hasil pengujian Blacbox sistem dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.
Aplikasi Penjualan Oleh-Oleh Gorontalo
Authors: Mohidin Ismail , Usman Agus Prasetyo 
Published: February 2021

Intisari— Oleh-oleh khas Nusantara pasti menjadi pilihan yang akan di cari untuk memenuhi pesanan ataupun menjadi kenangan manis dari perjalanan ke suatu tempat. Provinsi Gorontalo merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang mempunyai beragam barang khas baik itu dari segi Fashion, Kuliner, Mainan hingga pernak-pernik. Salah satu toko barang khas Gorontalo pengolahan data dan informasinya masih tergolong belum efisien. Hal ini di sebabkan karena sistemnya yang masih manual dan promosi produknya yang masih kurang dimana toko hanya melakukan promosi melalui media sosial dan karyawan mereka. Pihak toko lebih memilih menggunakan media sosial di bandingkan menggunakan aplikasi penjualan, hal ini di sebabkan karena kurangnya pemahaman beberapa orang terhadap aplikasi penjualan. Untuk itu perlu dirancang sebuah aplikasi jual beli barang-barang khas Gorontalo, untuk mempermudah proses transaksi jual beli dan secara tidak langsung aplikasi ini mengenalkan produk-produk khas yang di hasilkan daerah Gorontalo ke masyarakat luas.