bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic maps for a sensor-based evaluation of deep brain stimulation programming
Authors: Bremm Rene Peter , Berthold Christophe , Krüger Rejko , Koch Klaus Peter , Gonçalves Jorge , Hertel Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProgramming in deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a labour-intensive process for treating advanced motor symptoms. Specifically for patients with medication-refractory tremor in multiple sclerosis (MS). Wearable sensors are able to detect some manifestations of pathological signs, such as intention tremor in MS. However, methods are needed to visualise the response of tremor to DBS parameter changes in a clinical setting while patients perform the motor task finger-to-nose. To this end, we attended DBS programming sessions of a MS patient and intention tremor was effectively quantified by acceleration amplitude and frequency. A new method is introduced which results in the generation of therapeutic maps for a systematic review of the programming procedure in DBS. The maps visualise the combination of tremor acceleration power, clinical rating scores, total electrical energy delivered to the brain and possible side effects. Therapeutic maps have not yet been employed and could lead to a certain degree of standardisation for more objective decisions about DBS settings. The maps provide a base for future research on visualisation tools to assist physicians who frequently encounter patients for DBS therapy.
What does solid spelling reveal about cognition? Evidence from Middle Low German
Authors: Hübener Carlotta J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the diachronic evolution of lexically complex graphemic units in Middle Low German – sequences that once occurred written as one word, but from today’s perspective are considered separate linguistic units. Examples are enwolde ‘did not want’ or isset ‘is it’. This phenomenon has received little attention, although it gives direct insight into the word concept of German and its diachronic change. The central question is what favors the perception of multiple words as a unit. Data from the Reference Corpus Middle Low German/Low Rhenish (1200–1650) show that it is mainly function words that occur in lexically complex graphemic units. Moreover, this study shows that besides from prosodic patterns, agreement and government relations reinforce lexical sequences to be perceived as linguistic units.
Modeling and spectral analysis of high speed optical fiber communication with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Authors: Galmecha Demissie Jobir , Hora Bekele Tesema , Singh Ram Sewak 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Optical communication has emerged as the best solution to high-speed transmission systems due to its higher bandwidth and higher data rates. The higher data rates with simple transmitter and receiver modeling are one of the best solutions to design the spectrally efficient high-speed optical transmission system using different modulation techniques. In the recent past, optical communication networks have been specifically designed and optimized to support different communication standards increasing the capabilities of optic fiber, integrated waveguides, and related optical fiber hardware, and signal conditioning circuits. So, this research paper presents a study, modeling, simulation, and analysis of optical performance under different transmission systems which are considered in a practical high-speed design using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). This can be done by using both coherent detection OFDM and direct detection OFDM to minimize dispersion effects in optical communication because OFDM is basic for modern technology to increase the data rate and increase the requirement of bandwidth in broadband services. Many optical fiber problems, such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) are solved using OFDM. The performance analyses made in this work by using different parameters such as bit error rate (BER), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), quality (Q) factor at different distance transmission by using different quadrature modulation such as 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM to maintain the OSNR value, spectral efficiency, and the required data rates. The simulated results have shown that the coherent detection OFDM and direct detection OFDM with considered QAM provides the best value of BER and quality of the signal at a specific distance.
Identification of a novel mutation in the PHKA2 gene in a child with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Beyzaei Zahra , Ezgu Fatih , Imanieh Mohammad Hadi , Geramizadeh Bita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are heterogeneous disorders caused by various enzyme deficiencies. GSD type IX α2, the most common subtype of GSD IX, is due to a deficiency of hepatic phosphorylase kinase. Herein we will report a novel mutation in this disease with an unusual presentation.

Case presentation
we describe a 3-year-old boy who suffered from hepatomegaly, fatty liver disease, and liver cirrhosis. The cause of cirrhosis at a young age was unknown based on the laboratory data and liver biopsy, so we performed a targeted-gene sequencing (TGS) covering 450 genes involved in inborn metabolic diseases consisting of glycogen storage disorders genes with hepatic involvement. He was found out to have a rare novel pathogenic variant in the PHKA2 gene.

Conclusions
This novel variant c.2226+2T > C expands the mutational spectrum of the PHKA2 gene. Also, severe liver damage (cirrhosis) in patients with GSD- IX α2 has rarely been reported, which needs further discussion. We hypothesize that unidentified PHKA2 variants may be a rare cause of childhood liver cirrhosis.
High-detectivity tin disulfide nanowire photodetectors with manipulation of localized ferroelectric polarization field
Authors: Zheng Dingshan , Wang Hailu , Chen Ruoling , Li Long , Guo Jiaxiang , Gu Yue , Zubair Muhammad M. , Yu Xiangxiang , Jiang Long , Zhu Desheng , Xiong Yan , Zhang Han , Yang Wen-Xing , Miao Jinshui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tin sulfide semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been widely investigated for photodetection applications because of their good optical and electrical properties. Herein, we synthesized n-type SnS2 NWs and then fabricated SnS2 NW photodetectors with a ferroelectric polymer side-gate. The strong electric field induced by ferroelectric polymer can effectively suppress the dark current and improve the detectivity in SnS2 NW photodetectors. The photodetectors after polarization depletion exhibit a high photoconductive gain of 4.0 × 105 and a high responsivity of 2.1 × 105 A W−1. Compared with devices without polarization depletion, the detectivity of polarization-depleted photodetectors is improved by at least two orders of magnitude, and the highest detectivity is 1.3 × 1016 Jones. Further, the rise and fall time are 56 and 91 ms respectively, which are about tens of times faster than those without polarization depletion. The device also shows a good spectral response from ultraviolet to near-infrared. This study demonstrates that ferroelectric materials can enhance optoelectronic properties of low-dimensional semiconductors for high-performance photodetectors.
Dynamic aerosol and dynamic air-water interface curvature effects on a 2-Gbit/s free-space optical link using orbital-angular-momentum multiplexing
Authors: Song Haoqian , Zhang Runzhou , Hu Nanzhe , Zhou Huibin , Su Xinzhou , Song Hao , Zou Kaiheng , Pang Kai , Liu Cong , Park Daeyoung , Lynn Brittany , Gbur Greg , Dogariu Aristide , Watkins Richard J. , Miller Jerome K. , Johnson Eric , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
When an orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beam propagates through the dynamic air–water interface, the aerosol above the water and the water surface curvature could induce various degradations (e.g., wavefront distortion, beam wandering, scattering, and absorption). Such time-varying degradations could affect the received intensity and phase profiles of the OAM beams, resulting in dynamic modal power loss and modal power coupling. We experimentally investigate the degradation for a single OAM beam under dynamic aerosol, dynamic curvature, and their comprehensive effects. Our results show the following: (i) with the increase of the aerosol strength (characterized by the attenuation coefficient) from ∼0 to ∼0.7–1.3 dB/cm over ∼7 cm, the power coupling ratio from OAM −1 to +2 increases by 4 dB, which might be due to the amplitude and phase distortion caused by spatially dependent scattering and absorption. (ii) With the increase of the curvature strength (characterized by the variance of curvature slope over time) from ∼0 to ∼2 × 10−5 rad2, the power coupling ratio from OAM −1 to +2 increases by 11 dB. This could be caused by both the wavefront distortion and the beam wandering. (iii) Under the comprehensive effect of aerosol (∼0.1–0.6 dB/cm) and curvature (∼6 × 10−7 rad2), there is an up to 2 dB higher modal power loss as compared with the single-effect cases. (iv) The received power on OAM −1 fluctuates in a range of ∼6 dB within a 220 ms measurement time under aerosol (∼0.1–0.6 dB/cm) and curvature (∼6 × 10−7 rad2) effects due to the dynamic degradations. We also demonstrate an OAM −1 and +2 multiplexed 2-Gbit/s on–off-keying link under dynamic aerosol and curvature effects. The results show a power penalty of ∼3 dB for the bit-error-rate at the 7% forward-error-correction limit under the comprehensive effect of aerosol (∼0.1–0.6 dB/cm) and curvature (∼6 × 10−7 rad2), compared with the no-effect case.
Interlaminar fracture toughness properties of hybrid glass fiber-reinforced composite interlayered with carbon nanotube using electrospray deposition
Authors: Mohd Sabri Fatin Nur Amirah , Zakaria Muhammad Razlan , Md Akil Hazizan , Abidin Mohd Shukur Zainol , Ab Rahman Aslina Anjang , Omar Mohd Firdaus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The electrospray deposition (ESD) method was used to deposit carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the surface of glass fiber (GF). The morphology of the hybrid CNTs-GF was analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope, and the images indicated that the CNTs were uniformly and homogenously deposited onto the GF’s surface. Laminated composite based on GF and hybrid CNTs-GF were then fabricated via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The mode I interlaminar fracture toughness was measured using the double cantilever beam test method. The hybrid CNTs-GF showed a 34% increase in fracture toughness relative to the control sample. The mechanism of interlaminar fracture toughness enhancement was elucidated via fractography, where fiber bridging, adhesive and cohesive failures, hackles, and coarse matrix surface were observed along the crack pathways.
Analyse sémiotique de l’index de livre : Étude de la construction complexe et unique d’un paratexte
Authors: da Sylva Lyne 
Published: November 2021

RésuméLe présent article décortique, avec une approche sémiotique, l’index que l’on retrouve à la fin d’un livre (back-of-the-book indexen anglais). L’objectif est double : faire ressortir les processus de signification en jeu dans l’index et reconnaître la création sémiotique réalisée par l’analyste documentaire. L’index est un assemblage de signes, soit les vedettes, les localisateurs ainsi que diverses caractéristiques de la représentation spatiale ; leur signifiant (mots, nombres) renvoie à leur signifié respectif (concept, localisation). L’index dans sa totalité représente un texte sémiotique, d’un genre spécifique, et dont l’interprétation repose non seulement sur les expressions linguistiques elles-mêmes, mais aussi sur la structure des entrées et sur les liens tissés avec les passages de l’ouvrage indexé. L’index peut paraître une structure objective, proposant une version épurée et stable du contenu d’un document. Or, l’analyse sémiotique proposée ici révélera d’une part la structure malléable de l’index et d’autre part l’interprétation flexible et la subjectivité injectées dans sa construction. Après une description plus approfondie du contexte et de la problématique, nous décrivons d’abord l’aspect formel de l’index, soit les signes impliqués et la manière dont ils sont agencés. Nous abordons ensuite l’aspect interprétatif de l’index, notamment les facteurs qui influencent son interprétation. Ceci nous amène à décrire en détail la structure logique de l’index. Cet exercice un peu scolaire d’un outil qui peut sembler familier permettra de mettre en lumière des jeux de signification normalement passés sous silence.
Instability in regime switching models
Authors: Chen Pu , Hsiao Chih-Ying , Semmler Willi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we look at the instability of a self-exciting regime-switching autoregressive model, specifically regime-switching models that are locally stable in each of their regimes. It turns out that the local stability of each regime is insufficient to ensure the overall stability of the model. The instability’s mechanism is described, and a sufficient condition for the instability is provided.
Predictive Feedback, Early Sensory Representations, and Fast Responses to Predicted Stimuli Depend on NMDA Receptors
Authors: Mohanta Sounak , Afrasiabi Mohsen , Casey Cameron P. , Tanabe Sean , Redinbaugh Michelle J. , Kambi Niranjan A. , Phillips Jessica M. , Polyakov Daniel , Filbey William , Austerweil Joseph L. , Sanders Robert D. , Saalmann Yuri B. 
Published: November 2021

Learned associations between stimuli allow us to model the world and make predictions, crucial for efficient behavior (e.g., hearing a siren, we expect to see an ambulance and quickly make way). While there are theoretical and computational frameworks for prediction, the circuit and receptor-level mechanisms are unclear. Using high-density EEG, Bayesian modeling, and machine learning, we show that inferred “causal” relationships between stimuli and frontal alpha activity account for reaction times (a proxy for predictions) on a trial-by-trial basis in an audiovisual delayed match-to-sample task which elicited predictions. Predictive β feedback activated sensory representations in advance of predicted stimuli. Low-dose ketamine, an NMDAR blocker, but not the control drug dexmedetomidine, perturbed behavioral indices of predictions, their representation in higher-order cortex, feedback to posterior cortex, and pre-activation of sensory templates in higher-order sensory cortex. This study suggests that predictions depend on alpha activity in higher-order cortex, β feedback, and NMDARs, and ketamine blocks access to learned predictive information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe learn the statistical regularities around us, creating associations between sensory stimuli. These associations can be exploited by generating predictions, which enable fast and efficient behavior. When predictions are perturbed, it can negatively influence perception and even contribute to psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Here we show that the frontal lobe generates predictions and sends them to posterior brain areas, to activate representations of predicted sensory stimuli before their appearance. Oscillations in neural activity (α and β waves) are vital for these predictive mechanisms. The drug ketamine blocks predictions and the underlying mechanisms. This suggests that the generation of predictions in the frontal lobe, and the feedback pre-activating sensory representations in advance of stimuli, depend on NMDARs.
Wolność – prawda – sumienie. Antropologiczne uwarunkowania moralności w encyklice św. Jana Pawła II Veritatis splendor
Authors: Gryz Krzysztof 
Published: November 2021

Ludzkie działanie jest podstawą budowania egzystencji zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym jak i wszystkich społecznych relacji. U podstaw każdego działania, które podejmuje człowiek leżą trzy zasadnicze elementy, decydującego o tym, że mówimy o ludzkim działaniu, a nie tylko o zaistnieniu określonego skutku jako rezultat działania bezosobowej przyczyny. Tymi czynnikami, specyficznie ludzkimi, głęboko zakorzenionymi w naturze człowieka jako osoby, jest możliwość poznania prawdy, wolność wyboru i sumienie. Dlatego możemy mówić o egzystencjalnej strukturze człowieka.Właśnie dlatego, że działanie człowieka jest związane z możliwością poznania prawdy, nie tylko tej technicznej, opisującej świat przedmiotów, ale również prawdy mądrościowej, ujawniającej sens rzeczy, oraz zdolnością człowieka do dokonywania autonomicznych wyborów, kierując się kryterium aksjologicznym (dobra-zła), które ujawnia się najwyraźniej w doświadczeniu sumienia, człowiek jest za swoje działanie odpowiedzialny. Odpowiedzialność ta ma swoje konsekwencje nie tylko w wymiarze moralnym, ale także w wymiarze prawnym.
Pancasila and Transnational Ideology in the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Perspective
Authors: Yasid Yasid , Zakiyah Makhshushi , Asra Moh. 
Published: November 2021

This article seeks to explore the importance of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as a theory to address the development of Islamic law in the contemporary world. Following the need to respond to modern challenges in Muslim society, the theory of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah needs to be worked out optimally so that the results of legal provisions do not shift from the primary objectives of the state and government formation. The fundamental goal is to create benefits for the nation and state. The trend of the emergence of nation-states with multi-ethnic, multi-racial, multi-cultural, even multi-religious populations demands the need for tools for sophisticated religious analysis such as the theory of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. In the context of a nation-state like Indonesia, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah can be used as a theoretical perspective to determine the legal standing of the debate about Pancasila and transnational ideology, which has recently been widely discussed in the community. Pancasila is an agreement of the Indonesian founding fathers to maintain the unity and integrity of the nation amidst the diversities. This article describes the role of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah in the study of Islamic constitutional law, the dynamics of Islamic law, and the Pancasila as the ideology of the state.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF A HEALTHY SHOULDER JOINT
Authors: Korzh Mykola , Makarov Vasyl , Smerdov Smerdov , Tankut Оleksiy , Pidgaiska Pidgaiska , Zdanevych Sergiy 
Published: November 2021

Objective. To work out as close as possible to normal human anatomy three-dimensional finite element model of the shoulder joint with elastic ligaments as well as with muscles and the spatial location of their attachment points, to analyze the stress-strain state of the element proximal humerus and scapula. Methods. A geometric model of the humerus and scapulae are constructed. The three-dimensional modeling of the shoulder join based on the geometric models was used with software SolidWorks with mathematical modeling method finite elements and the stress-strain state analysis in the applicationpackage Ansys software. To approach the real conditions of the model we have added the elastic elements that mimic muscles. Model loaded with forces that reproduce the effort in the muscles, applied to the respective contact planes on the humerus head of the human bone. The stress-strain state of proximal elements is calculated in the humerus and scapula for the angles of the abduction — 0 °, 30°, 60° and 90° in neutral rotation of the humerus.Results. The tensile stresses in the scapula are distributed in such a way that at an angle of 0 ° the limb is not raised +5.67 MPa in the area below the joint depressions. The minimum values of the compressive stress have been reached 18.5 MPa. Maximum stresses are in 1.5–2 times higher area of the articular cartilage of the humerus head compared to the cartilage of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. It is established that the dependence of the valuesof the area of the contact zone in the range of change limb abduction angle (0° ... 90°) can be approximated section of a cubic parabola, with changes in area insignificant and are equal to +2.26% — 7.3 % of the value in neutral position at an angle of 0°. Minor differences with the results of similar studies indicate that the validity of the developed mathematical model. Conclusions. The proposed model would allow performing more correct mathematical modeling and comparative analysis of the stress-strain state for various methods of surgical treatment of pathology shoulder joint, in particular arthroplasty.
The Efficacy of a Holding Community Program—Promoting Social Reflection at School
Authors: Siegler Anna , Serdült Sára , Csernus Fanni , Dézma Lilla , Ilea Izabella , Bigazzi Sára 
Published: November 2021

The authors developed a Holding Community Program to achieve the following objectives: (a) to increase the perspective-taking capacity of adolescents; (b) to promote interpersonal and intergroup harmony; (c) to empower school students to be more (pro)active in their communities and in public life. Apart from the intervention itself, the study comprised a pre-test and a post-test and involved a total of 240 Hungarian high school students (159 female, 66.3%). The students were aged 14–18 (Mage=15.33; SDage=0.88). They were recruited from four high schools. Control groups (N=122) were chosen from the same institution and graded as experimental classes (N=118, 7 classes). Both immediate and long-term effects of the intervention (4–6 months after the intervention) were explored. Quantitative analysis of the data indicated that the two-day intervention program had significantly increased the students’ perspective-taking capacity (short-term: F(1,238)=6.03, p<0.05, long-term: n.s.) and efficacy beliefs (short-term: F(1,238)= 3.83, p=0.052, long-term: F(1,238)= 3.38, p<0.05). After the training, students were more willing to participate in collective actions (short-term: F(1,238)= 7.32, p<0.01, long-term: F(1,238)= 3.83, p<0.05). These results seem quite promising but the outcome was not significant regarding its effect on prejudice.
Time Allocation and Economic Contribution of Women in Fulfilling the Basic Needs of Poor Households
Authors: Hos Jamaluddin , Upe Ambo , Arsyad Muhammad , Hasniah Halu 
Published: November 2021

The primary purpose of this study is to explore the time allocation and economic contribution of women in fulfilling their families’ basic needs. This research used a qualitative approach and applied observations and interviews as the data collection technique. The research sample consisted of 25 people, including 23 stone-breaking women, who have a family, and 2 village heads, whose village areas contain stone-mining enterprises. The obtained data was analysed qualitatively, implying that the processes of data collection, data reduction, data display, and data verification were carried out simultaneously. The results of this study show that the respondents allocate more time to household chores than to stone-breaking work. However, through the activities as a stone breaker, homemakers do make a significant economic contribution to the family’s income. Indeed, the sole reliance on the husband’s income as the head of the family cannot be sufficient for fulfilling the basic needs. The husband’s income only serves to maintain the survival of the family.