bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose oestrogen–progestin associated pulmonary infarction mimicking pneumonia and pleurisy
Authors: Gocho Kyoko , Kitazawa Shinnosuke , Matsushita Shinya , Hamanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 28‐year‐old woman with a history of treatment with a low‐dose oestrogen–progestin (LEP) formulation presented to our hospital due to right chest pain. She had just been discharged from another hospital for pneumonia and pleurisy which had improved with antibiotics. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral pulmonary emboli corresponding to the peripheral consolidations. The pulmonary emboli indicated that the peripheral consolidation was due to pulmonary infarction (PI). No aetiological factors were identified except for the history of LEP therapy. Although the typical CT images of PI are consolidations in the peripheral area, these finding are non‐specific for PI. This case of PI was misdiagnosed as infection because of response to antibiotics and similar CT findings. Therefore, careful evaluation of the patient history and clinical findings are imperative for accurate diagnosis. Venous thromboembolism can occur frequently around 3 months after the start of LEP treatment.
InSTREAM 7: Instream flow assessment and management model for stream trout
Authors: Railsback Steven F. , Ayllón Daniel , Harvey Bret C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanistic, individual‐based simulation models have been used for >25 years to overcome well‐known limitations of “habitat suitability” models. InSTREAM 7 is the latest of our individual‐based models for predicting the effects of flow and temperature regimes on stream salmonid populations. Unlike PHABSIM (or other methods based on habitat “quality,” e.g., as net rate of energy intake), inSTREAM mechanistically represents specific effects of flow and temperature on all life stages, and how those effects combine into testable predictions of population measures such as abundance, relative abundance of multiple trout species, and persistence. InSTREAM 7 is the first version to also represent the daily light cycle (dawn, day, dusk, and night) and how feeding, predation risk, and individual behavior vary among light phases. An example assessment illustrates the importance of inSTREAM's multiple mechanisms: predicted trout population response to flow and temperature regimes depended on the effects of sub‐lethal temperatures on feeding behavior and effects of temperature on egg survival and development, as well as how depth and velocity affected growth and predation risk. While its input data requirements are comparable to PHABSIM's, inSTREAM provides a more comprehensive framework for thinking about and predicting specific, well‐known effects of flow and temperature. It has also proven useful for designing and evaluating restoration projects and for prioritizing alternative management actions. InSTREAM 7 is free, open‐source, completely updated with recent literature, and implemented in the popular NetLogo software platform that makes customization easy.
Trialling camera traps to determine occupancy and breeding in burrowing seabirds
Authors: Bird Jeremy P. , Fuller Richard A. , Pascoe Penny P. , Shaw Justine D. S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBurrowing seabirds are important in ecological and conservation terms. Many populations are in flux due to both negative and positive anthropogenic impacts, but their ecology makes measuring changes difficult. Reliably recording key metrics, the proportion of burrows with breeding pairs and the success of breeding attempts requires burrow‐level information on occupancy. We investigated the use of camera traps positioned at burrow entrances for determining the number of breeding pairs in a sample to inform population estimates, and for recording breeding success. The performance of two cameras makes we tested differed markedly, with Spypoint Force 10 trail cameras prone to malfunction while Reconyx HC600 Hyperfire cameras performed well. Nevertheless, both makes yielded season‐long activity patterns for individual burrows, eliminating uncertainty around successful fledging attempts. Dimensionality reduction of activity metrics derived from camera time series suggests breeding and non‐breeding burrows may be identifiable using linear discriminant analyses but sample sizes from our trial were low and group means were only significantly different during certain breeding stages (permutational multivariate analysis of variance: early chick‐rearing f = 3.64, P = 0.06; late chick‐rearing f = 8.28, P = 0.009). Compared with traditional techniques for determining burrow occupancy (e.g. manual burrow inspection and playback of conspecific calls at burrow entrances), camera traps can reduce uncertainty in estimated breeding success and potentially breeding status of burrows. Significant up‐front investment is required in terms of equipment and human resources but for long‐term studies, camera traps may deliver advantages, particularly when unanticipated novel observations and the potential for calibrating traditional methods with cameras are factored in.
Shear Stress on the Structure Control of a Supported Fly Ash‐Based Catalyst and Its Application in SCR* Denitration
Authors: Hao Shu , Yuling Liu , Yang Jia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNitrogen oxides (NOx) are one of the air pollutants, mainly from coal‐fired power plants, industrial furnaces, etc. In order to control NOx, reduce the preparation cost of denitration catalyst. Selective catalytic reduction is currently the most effective and mature technology for removing NOx. In this paper, solid waste fly ash was used as catalyst carrier, shear reactor was used to prepare Mn−Ce/FA catalyst, and successfully applied to SCR denitration. The catalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS. The results showed that the catalyst prepared by shearing had more dispersed active components. When the power was 80 W, time was 20 min, rotation speed was 120 r/min, and the molar ratio of Mn−Ce was 1 : 1, the optimal catalyst was prepared. Under these conditions, the catalyst had the best activity and strong stability, the denitration performance was the best, up to 82.6 % within 30 min. The introduction of SO2 still showed high catalytic activity and stability, and the removal rate reduced to 73.21 %. After SO2 was stopped, the removal rate rebounded to 77.89 %. Also, Mn−Ce/FA catalyst had good cyclability and stability in the denitration process.
Molecular Level Dissection of Critical Spike Mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants of Concern (VOCs): A Simplified Review
Authors: Joshi Nilesh , Tyagi Adish , Nigam Sandeep 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 virus during its spread in the last one and half year has picked up critical changes in its genetic code i.e. mutations, which have leads to deleterious epidemiological characteristics. Due to critical role of spike protein in cell entry and pathogenesis, mutations in spike regions have been reported to enhance transmissibility, disease severity, possible escape from vaccine‐induced immune response and reduced diagnostic sensitivity/specificity. Considering the structure‐function impact of mutations, understanding the molecular details of these key mutations of newly emerged variants/lineages is of urgent concern. In this review, we have explored the literature on key spike mutations harbored byalpha,beta,gammaanddelta‘variants of concern’ (VOCs) and discussed their molecular consequences in the context of resultant virus biology. Commonly all these VOCs i.e.B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1andB.1.617.2lineages have decisive mutation in Receptor Binding Motif (RBM) region and/or region around Furin cleavage site (FCS) of spike protein. In general, mutation induced disruption ofintra‐molecular interaction enhances molecular flexibility leading to exposure of spike protein surface in these lineages to make it accessible forinter‐molecular interaction with hACE2. A disruption of spike antigen‐antibodyinter‐molecular interactions in epitope region due to the chemical nature of substituting amino acid hampers the neutralization efficacy. Simplified surveillance of mutation induced changes and their consequences at molecular level can contribute in rationalizing mutation‘s impact on virus biology. It is believed that molecular level dissection of these key spike mutation will assist the future investigations for a more resilient outcome against severity of COVID‐19.
Highly sensitive Ni2+ sensors based on polyurethane‐derived, label‐free carbon dots with high adsorption capacity
Authors: Phetcharee Kulpriya , Sirisit Natee , Manyam Jedsada , Paoprasert Peerasak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, the novel, simple Ni2+ sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, practicality, and adsorption capacity were developed from the label‐free carbon dots. The carbon dots were prepared from polyurethane through a one‐step pyrolysis method. They exhibited excitation‐independent photoluminescence and offered a fluorescence quantum yield of 24 %. They were then tested for metal ion sensing, showing selectivity towards Ni2+ against a range of metal ions with a detection limit of 3.14 μM, the best for the carbon dots reported to date. A carbon dot‐loaded paper‐based sensor was also fabricated for Ni2+ detection, showing a limit of detection of 43.3 μM. The detection of Ni2+ in real water samples showed excellent recovery of 95.6 to 99.2 %. The selective detection of Ni2+ by the carbon dots arose from the inner filter effect and complex formation, leading to fluorescence quenching of the carbon dots. X‐ray absorption analysis further confirmed the unique interaction and electron transfer from the carbon dots to Ni2+. In addition to high‐performance sensing, the carbon dots demonstrated high adsorbent capacity towards Ni2+, in which one nanoparticle could accommodate up to 182 Ni2+ ions, equivalent to 234.8 mg g−1. This work demonstrates the unique sensing and adsorbent properties of polyurethane‐derived carbon dots towards Ni2+, which can be applied for simultaneous monitoring and cleaning.
Low‐dose cadmium exposure facilitates cell proliferation by promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1 genes
Authors: Zhang Xingjie , Ma Lin , Tang Yue , Han Jiangyuan , Qi Yongmei , Huang Dejun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) at low concentrations has a potential to promote cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms of Cd‐induced proliferation are not well understood. Here, we reported that Cd (0–500 nM) significantly promoted the proliferation of HepG2 cells as demonstrated by elevated cell viability, more EdU‐positive cells and increased gene expression of KI‐67 and COX‐2. Meanwhile, the gene expression of DNA methyltransferases was found to be elevated while that of tumor suppressor genes DAPK1 and RASSF1A were decreased under Cd exposure. Correspondingly, the methylation level of promoters in DAPK1 and RASSF1A were increased. Specifically, the CpG sites at −461 (Chr3:50, 374, 481) of RASSF1A promoter, and that at −260 (Chr9:90, 113, 207), −239 (Chr9:90, 113, 228), and −68 (Chr9:90, 113, 399) of DAPK1 promoter, were significantly hypermethylated. Moreover, 5‐azacytidine (an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase) partly impaired Cd‐induced promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1 genes, increased their expressions and slowed down Cd‐induced cell proliferation, suggesting that DNA methylation play an essential part in Cd‐boosted proliferation. The study showed that Cd caused promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and DAPK1, decreasing their expression and leading to higher level of cell proliferation. Furthermore, Cd at low concentrations could influence DNA methylation, which may serve as the proliferative mechanism of Cd.
Computational studies of protein–drug binding affinity changes upon mutations in the drug target
Authors: Friedman Ran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMutations that lead to drug resistance limit the efficacy of antibiotics, antiviral drugs, targeted cancer therapies, and other treatments. Accurately calculating protein–drug binding affinity changes upon mutations in the drug target is of high interest as this can yield a better understanding into how such mutations drive drug‐resistance, especially when the mutation in question does not directly interfere with binding of the drug. The main aim of this article is to provide an up‐to‐date reference on the computational tools that are available for the calculation of Gibbs energy (free energy) changes upon mutation, their strengths, and limitations. The methods that are discussed include free energy calculations (free energy perturbation, thermodynamic integration, multistate Bennett acceptance ratio), analysis of molecular dynamics simulations (linear interaction energy, molecular mechanics [MM]/Poisson–Boltzmann solvated area, and MM/generalized Born solvated area), and methods that involve quantum mechanical calculations (including QM/MM). The possibility to use machine learning is also introduced. Given that the benefit of accurately calculating binding affinity changes upon mutation depends on comparing calculated values with experimental measurements, a brief survey on experimental methods and observables is provided. Examples of computational studies that go beyond calculating the Gibbs energy changes are given. Factors that need to be addressed by the computational chemist and potential pitfalls are discussed at length.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Free Energy Methods
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions
The use of stable isotopes in postconflict forensic identification
Authors: Chesson Lesley A. , Berg Gregory E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStable isotope ratio analysis is becoming an extremely important tool for the forensic investigator. It can be particularly useful in missing persons investigations to help establish an unknown's identity by potentially reconstructing an individual's geolocational history, determining the number of individuals present in a case, and linking/separating remains from commingled assemblages. In this review article, we explore several main themes related to the use of stable isotopes in postconflict forensic identification. First, we describe what stable isotopes are and how global isotopic variation arises in human tissues via natural processes and cultural practices. Next, we discuss the selection of appropriate human tissue samples for examination based on testable hypotheses. We provide guidance on the options that exist for isotope sample preparation, analysis, and data handling; and finally, we examine which sample quality measures and quality assurance approaches should be used in isotope data reporting and interpretation. These themes are primarily presented to help the isotope data consumer understand the benefits and limitations of the technique that might not be apparent when sending samples to and receiving results from a high throughput, contract isotope testing laboratory. Real world examples of forensic stable isotope ratio analysis are provided within the article to highlight many of the concepts, particularly in regard to identification applications.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Anthropology > Anthropology in Mass Disaster & War Crime Contexts
Forensic Biology > Interpretation of Biological Evidence
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods
Conceptions of Infinity and Set in Lorenzen’s Operationist System
Authors: Antos Carolin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the late 1940s and early 1950s, Lorenzen developed his operative logic and mathematics, a form of constructive mathematics. Nowadays this is mostly seen as a precursor of the better-known dialogical logic (Notable exceptions are the works of Schroeder-Heister 2008; Coquand and Neuwirth 2017; Kahle and Oitavem 2020.), and one might assume that the same philosophical motivations were present in both works. However, we want to show that this is not everywhere the case. In particular, we claim that Lorenzen’s well-known rejection of the actual infinite, as stated in Lorenzen (1957), was not a major motivation for operative logic and mathematics. Rather, we argue that a shift happened in Lorenzen’s treatment of the infinite from the early to the late 1950s. His early motivation for the development of operationism is concerned with a critique of the Cantorian notion of set and with related questions about the notions of countability and uncountability; it is only later that his motivation switches to focusing on the concept of infinity and the debate about actual and potential infinity.
Lorenzen Between Gentzen and Schütte
Authors: Kahle Reinhard , Oitavem Isabel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe discuss Lorenzen’s consistency proof for ramified type theory without reducibility, published in 1951, in its historical context and highlight Lorenzen’s contribution to the development of modern proof theory, notably by the introduction of the $$\omega $$
ω
-rule.
Syntax for Semantics: Krull’s Maximal Ideal Theorem
Authors: Schuster Peter , Wessel Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKrull’s Maximal Ideal Theorem (MIT) is one of the most prominent incarnations of the Axiom of Choice (AC) in ring theory. For many a consequence of AC, constructive counterparts are well within reach, provided attention is turned to the syntactical underpinning of the problem at hand. This is one of the viewpoints of the revised Hilbert Programme in commutative algebra, which will here be carried out for MIT and several related classical principles.
What Do We Know About the Knowledge of Older Workers?
Authors: Hilsen Anne Inga , Olsen Dorothy Sutherland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we give a brief presentation of relevant findings on senior competence and learning abilities from national and international studies. We include studies which have tried to assess the knowledge of older employees, studies which consider the abilities and potential of older employees to continue to develop their knowledge and studies which address the value or advantages of having knowledgeable older employees.
Research Design
Authors: Hilsen Anne Inga , Olsen Dorothy Sutherland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we will present the research design and explain the methods used to select, gather and analyse data. The empirical data for this exploration is based on findings from two case studies: One in a large Norwegian hospital and the other in Government agency. In addition, we will draw on data from a project in another Government organisation, a state department, where some of the same questions about age and competence were asked.
The Wise Worker
Authors: Hilsen Anne Inga , Olsen Dorothy Sutherland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we consider the competence of older employees and how it has been developed and refined throughout their careers. We consider this competence in the light of earlier findings on the development of work-related knowledge and we suggest some new ways of interpreting the particular kind of competence older employees often have. We suggest that the concept of wisdom can be used to supplement our understanding of long career competence and based on our interview data we present a concept of the wise worker.
How HIV Clients Find Their Way Back to the ART Clinic: A Qualitative Study of Disengagement and Re-engagement with HIV Care in Malawi
Authors: Chamberlin Stephanie , Mphande Misheck , Phiri Khumbo , Kalande Pericles , Dovel Kathryn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRetention in antiretroviral therapy (ART) services is critical to achieving positive health outcomes for individuals living with HIV, but accumulating evidence indicates that individuals are likely to miss ART appointments over time. Thus, it is important to understand why individuals miss appointments and how they re-engage in HIV care. We used in-depth interviews with 44 ART clients in Malawi who recently missed an ART appointment (> 14 days) but eventually re-engaged in care (within 60 days) to explore reasons for missed appointments and barriers and facilitators to re-engagement. We found that most individuals missed ART appointments due to unexpected life events such as funerals, work, and illness for both clients and their treatment guardians who were also unable to attend facilities. Several reasons differed by gender—work-related travel was common for men, while caring for sick family members was common for women. Barriers to re-engagement included continued travel, illness, and restricted clinic schedules and/or staff shortages that led to repeat facility visits before being able to re-engage in care. Strong internal motivation combined with social support and reminders from community health workers facilitated re-engagement in HIV care.
The effect of sulfate half-ester groups on cellulose nanocrystal periodate oxidation
Authors: Llàcer Navarro Saül , Nakayama Koyuru , Idström Alexander , Evenäs Lars , Ström Anna , Nypelö Tiina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeriodate oxidation introduces aldehyde functionality to cellulose. The use of dialdehyde cellulose has been demonstrated for crosslinking and as a chemical intermediate towards functionalized cellulose. Commercially available cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) typically carry a surface sulfate half-ester functionality, which results from their manufacture via sulfuric acid hydrolysis and subsequent esterification. The sulfate half-ester group is a bulky group carrying a net negative charge above pH 2 that modifies the colloidal and electro-chemical properties of the CNCs. Periodate oxidation is regioselective to the bond between carbons in positions 2 and 3 in the anhydroglucose unit while the sulfate half-ester groups are mostly considered to be located in carbon in position 6. This regioselectivity could be the reason why the role played by the sulfate half-ester group on modification by periodate oxidation has not previously been elucidated. Here, the influence of the sulfate half-ester on the oxidation of CNCs, which is shown to steer the oxidation kinetics and the properties of the resulting materials, is studied. Conventional physicochemical analysis of the oxidant consumption is accompanied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and wide-angle x-ray scattering analyses; the zeta potential is used to characterize the colloidal properties of the suspensions and atomic force microscopy for determining particle dimensions. The presence of the sulfate half-ester group decreases the rate of oxidation. However, the content of the sulfate half-ester groups decreases when degree of oxidation reaches approx. 50%. We demonstrate that the CNC surfaces are affected by the oxidation beyond the C2–C3 bond cleavage: insight into the kinetics of the oxidation process is a prerequisite for optimizing CNC oxidation.