bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐pharmacologic interventions for the prevention of delirium in the intensive care unit: An integrative review
Authors: Sahawneh Fursan , Boss Lisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased mortality, longer hospital stays, and increased odds of institutionalization after discharge. Delirium is a significant complication that occurs frequently in ICU yet lacks a standardized treatment protocol. Because of the limited effective pharmacologic treatments available for the management of delirium, non‐pharmacologic interventions such as early mobilization, earplugs and blinds at night, music and natural sunlight during the day, continuous reorientation, and increased visitation and family participation are essential to integrate into the treatment plan for the management of delirium in the ICU.AimTo summarize evidence on the use of non‐pharmacologic interventions for the reduction in incidence and duration of delirium in ICU patients and to integrate qualitative studies that explore the perception of delirium in the ICU from staff and patients' families to support the use of non‐pharmacologic interventions.MethodsFor this integrative review, electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched using the guidance of a librarian and second reviewer to find qualitative and quantitative studies that were published after 2005 and involved adult patients in the ICU.ConclusionEight quantitative articles and four qualitative articles were chosen to be included in this review. All eight quantitative studies provide significant evidence (P < .05) for the efficacy of their interventions to provide benefit to at least one delirium‐related outcome. The four qualitative research studies reviewed provide insight on delirium in the ICU from staff and patients' families who share a desire for the use of effective non‐pharmacologic interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceNon‐pharmacologic interventions used for patients in the ICU may be efficacious in reducing the incidence and duration of delirium in adults. Non‐pharmacologic interventions are feasible and supported by ICU staff and patients' families and should be considered in the care of the critically ill patient.
Alveolar cortical plate changes associated with incisor retraction and its influence on the limits of orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Elnagar Mohammed H. , Handelman Chester S. , Lippincott John S. , Kim Myung‐Rip , BeGole Ellen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe extent to which the modelling behaviour of the anterior alveolus limits tooth movement remains unclear. Will the labial and lingual cortical plates model as incisors retract, or will they remain unchanged, therefore limiting the extent of possible tooth movement?Setting and Sample population.Pre‐ and post‐treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 29 bimaxillary protrusive patients of South Korean descent were examined. Treatment consisted of two premolar extractions in one or both arches with en masse retraction of the incisors using miniscrew anchorage.Materials and MethodsPre‐ and post‐treatment measurements of both tooth and cortical plate position were made at various increments along the length of the root and then compared using paired t tests.ResultsDespite the use of miniscrew anchorage, the incisors were retracted by controlled tipping. The labial cortical plates in both arches modelled to follow tooth movement. Following retraction of the incisors in the maxilla, the incisor root approached the lingual cortical plate, which remained unchanged. In the mandible, the lingual cortical plate position was unchanged except at the level closest to the cementoenamel junction.ConclusionsThe maxillary and mandibular lingual cortical plates did not model to follow the incisor movement while the labial cortical plates did. These findings suggest that lingual cortical plates may act as limitations to planned orthodontic tooth movement.
Untangling the mechanisms of cryptic species coexistence in a nematode community through individual‐based modelling
Authors: Daly Aisling J. , De Meester Nele , Baetens Jan M. , Moens Tom , De Baets Bernard 
Published: January 2021

Cryptic species are morphologically identical but genetically distinct, and are prominent across numerous phyla. The coexistence of such closely related species on local scales would seem to run counter to traditional coexistence and competition theory; it has been hypothesized as a consequence of differences in their resource use or tolerances to environmental conditions. We developed an individual‐based model of a community of three cryptic Litoditis marina (nematode) species, to understand how individual‐level interspecific and intraspecific interactions might explain the coexistence of these closely related species.The model incorporates individuals' reproduction, competition, dispersal and resource use. Data characterizing the cryptic species (growth rates, dispersal ability, competitive interactions and responses to changing environmental conditions) were obtained from laboratory experiments involving both mono‐ and multispecific nematode cultures, and are used to parameterize the model.Simulation studies are used to investigate which individual‐level mechanisms of dispersal and interaction lead to the characteristic population‐level patterns observed experimentally. Our results highlight the key role of intraspecific competition in mediating dispersal and therefore co‐occurrence of the cryptic species. The differences in dispersal also influence the response of the cryptic species to competition, a combination of factors that provides an explanation for their co‐occurrence. These results provide insights into how changes in individual‐level processes can be amplified to affect population‐level co‐occurrence.
Field assessment of a second generation backcross (BC1 × Passiflora edulis) of passion fruit for agronomic performance and resistance to CABMV
Authors: de Jesus Onildo Nunes , dos Santos Idalia Souza , Lima Lucas Kennedy Silva , Soares Taliane Leila , de Oliveira Eder Jorge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this work was to characterize and identify among the passion fruit hybrids of the second generation backcross (BC2: BC1 × P. edulis), resistance to passion fruit woodiness disease (CABMV) with desirable agronomic attributes. Ninety‐two progeny of BC2 hybrids were evaluated for severity of the virus in conditions of field, physical and chemical characterization of the fruits and precocity of the plant in relation to the vegetative and reproductive phases. The data were analysed using multivariate statistics and mixed models (REML/BLUP) to estimate genetic parameters. The was conditioned by and , for number of fruits, fruit and peel weight and soluble solids and the effect of for virus severity to CABMV and effect of on the variables fruit length, fruit diameter, peel thickness and pulp weight. For the titratable acidity it had no . The progeny BC2‐A, BC2‐C, BC2‐E, BC2‐F and BC2‐H families can be selected for use in passion fruit breeding programmes by adding high vegetative vigour, early fruit production, resistance to CABMV and also desirable agronomic attributes.
Inferring Bivariate Association from Respondent-driven Sampling Data
Authors: Kim Dongah , Gile Krista J. , Guarino Honoria , Mateu-Gelabert Pedro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is an effective method of collecting data from many hard-to-reach populations. Valid statistical inference for these data relies on many strong assumptions. In standard samples, we assume observations from pairs of individuals are independent. In RDS, this assumption is violated by the sampling dependence between individuals. We propose a method to semi-parametrically estimate the null distributions of standard test statistics in the presence of sampling dependence, allowing for more valid statistical testing for dependence between pairs of variables within the sample. We apply our method to study characteristics of young adult illicit opioid users in New York City.
Writing back in humorous appropriations of English in Brazil
Authors: Diniz de Figueiredo Eduardo H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in language practices in which linguistic resources from English are appropriated for symbolic purposes. In the particular case of Brazil, one aspect that seems to have received little discussion thus far is that of English appropriation in mocking, humorous discourses. In the present study, I use text mapping to analyze some of the ways in which English is adopted for mocking, humorous purposes in two types of discourses in Brazil: a) brand naming; and b) a Brazilian humor Instagram page. The analysis of such empirical material shows that in these humorous discourses, traditional understandings of English as a symbol of globalization and modernity are challenged. This is further evidenced by the highly multimodal character of the data and by the appropriation and resignification not only of English but also of other symbols that are supposedly global.
Effect of Temperature on Tool Wear During Milling of Ti64
Authors: Lagarde Q. , Wagner V. , Dessein G. , Harzallah M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the development of new, increasingly resistant materials limit machining productivity. This observation is especially true for titanium alloys. The state-of-the-art shows that one of the phenomena responsible for tool wear is temperature. The high temperature is explained by the low thermal conductivity of the alloy and its high mechanical properties. Consequently, high temperatures generated when cutting speeds are increasing lead to very rapid wear phenomena. However in milling, the period during which the insert is not in contact with the material may allow it to cool but its effect is not clearly established. In order to correlate tool wear and cutting temperatures in milling, an experimental bench has been developed. In turning and therefore with a fixed tool, the milling conditions are recreated and allow to measure the temperatures on the cutting face. Two parameters were tested: (i) radial depth, which influences the tooth stress time, and (ii) the cutting speed, which is the fundamental parameter of the cutting temperature. Experimentally, it appears that increasing radial engagement and cutting speed reduces tool life and increases temperatures. However, the phenomenological analysis is not immediate. The relationship between these phenomena is based on a heat balance of the cutting process. The use of an infrared (IR) camera in this problem and a specific analysis method allow observing the temperature gradients on the cutting face making the analysis more robust compared to the thermocouple technic. It thus appears that the increase in radial engagement leads to a higher tool temperature, but the analyses show above all a higher temperature within the insert and therefore more difficult to evacuate.
Designing a Shape–Performance Integrated Digital Twin Based on Multiple Models and Dynamic Data: A Boom Crane Example
Authors: Lai Xiaonan , Wang Shuo , Guo Zhenggang , Zhang Chao , Sun Wei , Song Xueguan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The digital twin, a concept that aims to establish a real-time mapping between physical space and virtual space, can be used for real-time analysis, reliability assessment, predictive maintenance, and design optimization of products. This article presents an enabling technology named shape–performance integrated digital twin (SPI-DT) and takes a boom crane as an example to illustrate how to design the SPI-DT step by step for the structural analysis of complex heavy equipment. The SPI-DT contains different types of models, such as an analytical model, a numerical model, and an artificial intelligence (AI) model. In addition, it leverages multisource dynamic data obtained by placing different sensors at multiple measurement positions. In the SPI-DT, the AI model plays a central role, invoking the numerical model and sensor data as the input to predict the structural performance of key components of heavy equipment, while the analytical model analyzes the structure of noncritical components with sensor data as input. This significantly improves the computational efficiency of the digital twin used for the structural analysis of complex heavy equipment, making the digital twin computationally affordable, and thus can be used for the safety assessment and damage protection of the equipment in the operation, as well as the design optimization of next-generation products. Moreover, to visually demonstrate the models and data in the SPI-DT, a three-dimensional application used to display and record the shape and performance information in real time during the operation of the boom crane is developed.
A Safety Factor Method for Reliability-Based Component Design
Authors: Yin Jianhua , Du Xiaoping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reliability-based design (RBD) employs optimization to identify design variables that satisfy the reliability requirement. For many routine component design jobs that do not need optimization, however, RBD may not be applicable, especially for those design jobs which are performed manually or with a spreadsheet. This work develops a modified RBD approach to component design so that the reliability target can be achieved by conducting traditional component design repeatedly using a deterministic safety factor. The new component design is based on the first-order reliability method (FORM), which iteratively assigns the safety factor during the design process until the reliability requirement is satisfied. In addition to several iterations of deterministic component design, the other additional work is the calculation of the derivatives of the design margin with respect to the random input variables. The proposed method can be used for a wide range of component design applications. For example, if a deterministic component design is performed manually or with a spreadsheet, so is the reliability-based component design. Three examples are used to demonstrate the practicality of the new design method.
State Versus Professional: A Case Study of How Chinese New Media Construct Elite Female Athletes
Authors: Xu Qingru , Kreshel Peggy J. 
Published: January 2021

In this case study, the authors examined media representations of two Chinese female athletes—state athlete Ding Ning and professional athlete Li Na—in China, a nation undergoing social transformation and a sport-reform initiative. Analyzing stories from two Chinese web portals (i.e., Sina and Tencent), the authors analyzed how (a) gender, (b) nationalism, and (c) the individualism–collectivism continuum entered into media representations of these two female athletes. Notable differences emerged in all three conceptual areas. A fourth theme, which the authors have identified as the commercialized athlete, also emerged. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.
Effects of 2 Intersection Strategies for Physical Recovery in Jiu-Jitsu Athletes
Authors: César Eurico P. , Júnior Cleito S.R. , Francisco Raphael N. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To compare the effect of static stretching (SS) and cold-water immersion (CWI) on strength performance and blood lactate levels of jiu-jitsu athletes. Methods: A total of 21 male Brazilian jiu-jitsu fighters were randomly assigned to SS (9 × 30-s carpal extension), CWI (3 × 3 min at 10°C), or a control group (CG); their maximal handgrip strength, handgrip muscle endurance, dynamic kimono grip strength test, and blood lactate concentration were assessed before and after a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu fight and after one of the recovery interventions. Results: There was an interaction (F = 9.075; P = .002) and a time effect (F = 11.792; P = .003) for dynamic kimono grip strength test, showing a decrease in performance for the CG (P = .0001; effect size [ES] = 0.52, moderate) and after SS (P = .006; ES = 0.43, small). There was an interaction (F = 3.592; P = .015) and a time effect (F = 122.631; P = .0001) for blood lactate concentration, showing lower levels after CWI versus CG (P = .028; ES = 0.93, moderate) and after CWI versus SS (P = .042; ES = 0.82, moderate). There was an interaction (F = 9.617; P = .001) for handgrip strength, showing an impairment in performance after SS (P = .001; ES = 0.67, moderate). Conclusion: CWI promoted restoration of muscle strength and endurance and reduction in blood lactate levels after the simulated fight and can thus be used by jiu-jitsu athletes as a recovery strategy between fights.
Effect of the Cooldown Type on Session Rating of Perceived Exertion
Authors: Rodríguez-Marroyo Jose A. , González Beltrán , Foster Carl , Belén Carballo-Leyenda Ana , Villa José G. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:This study investigated the effect of cooldown modality (active vs passive) and duration (5, 10, and 15 min) on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Secondarily, the possible influence of training sessions’ demand on this effect was studied.Methods:A total of 16 youth male soccer players (15.7 [0.4] y) completed 2 standardized training sessions per week across 6 weeks. During weeks 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 6, cooldown lengths of 15, 10, and 5 minutes were studied, respectively. Using a crossover design, players were randomly assigned to 2 groups and each group performed 1 of 2 different cooldown interventions. Passive and active cooldown interventions based on static stretching and running exercises were studied. Heart rate and sRPE were recorded during all training sessions.Results:The lowest sRPE was observed when passive cooldown was performed. When the hardest training sessions were considered, a significant main effect of cooldown modality (P < .01) and duration (P < .05) and an interaction effect between these variables (P < .05) on sRPE were obtained. The lowest (P < .01) sRPE was observed during the longest cooldown (15 min).Conclusion:The findings suggest that sRPE may be sensitive to the selected cooldown modality and duration, especially following the most demanding training sessions.
Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for the treatment of back pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Giovanni E , McLachlan Andrew J , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Zadro Joshua R , Abdel-Shaheed Christina , O’Keeffe Mary , Maher Chris G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the efficacy and safety of antidepressants for back and osteoarthritis pain compared with placebo.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to 15 November and updated on 12 May 2020.

Eligibility criteria for study selection
Randomised controlled trials comparing the efficacy or safety, or both of any antidepressant drug with placebo (active or inert) in participants with low back or neck pain, sciatica, or hip or knee osteoarthritis.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two independent reviewers extracted data. Pain and disability were primary outcomes. Pain and disability scores were converted to a scale of 0 (no pain or disability) to 100 (worst pain or disability). A random effects model was used to calculate weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Safety (any adverse event, serious adverse events, and proportion of participants who withdrew from trials owing to adverse events) was a secondary outcome. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and certainty of evidence with the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) framework.

Results
33 trials (5318 participants) were included. Moderate certainty evidence showed that serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) reduced back pain (mean difference −5.30, 95% confidence interval −7.31 to −3.30) at 3-13 weeks and low certainty evidence that SNRIs reduced osteoarthritis pain (−9.72, −12.75 to −6.69) at 3-13 weeks. Very low certainty evidence showed that SNRIs reduced sciatica at two weeks or less (−18.60, −31.87 to −5.33) but not at 3-13 weeks (−17.50, −42.90 to 7.89). Low to very low certainty evidence showed that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) did not reduce sciatica at two weeks or less (−7.55, −18.25 to 3.15) but did at 3-13 weeks (−15.95, −31.52 to −0.39) and 3-12 months (−27.0, −36.11 to −17.89). Moderate certainty evidence showed that SNRIs reduced disability from back pain at 3-13 weeks (−3.55, −5.22 to −1.88) and disability due to osteoarthritis at two weeks or less (−5.10, −7.31 to −2.89), with low certainty evidence at 3-13 weeks (−6.07, −8.13 to −4.02). TCAs and other antidepressants did not reduce pain or disability from back pain.

Conclusion
Moderate certainty evidence shows that the effect of SNRIs on pain and disability scores is small and not clinically important for back pain, but a clinically important effect cannot be excluded for osteoarthritis. TCAs and SNRIs might be effective for sciatica, but the certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020158521.
Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: findings from SHASTO baseline survey
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Khan Md Showkat Ali , Sutradhar Ipsita , Hossain Md Mokbul , Hossaine Moyazzam , Yoshimura Yukie , Choudhury Sohel Reza , Sarker Malabika , Mridha Malay Kanti 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveWe implemented this study to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adult men and women aged >30 years residing in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka division, Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo urban (Dhaka city north and Dhaka city south) and two rural (Narsinghdi and Gazipur district) areas of the Dhaka division.ParticipantsA total of 4856 male and female participants were included in the final analysis, of whom 2340 (48.2%) were from urban and 2516 (51.8%) were from rural areas.Primary outcomeHypertension was the dependent variable for this study and was operationally defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mm of Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mm of Hg, and/or persons with already diagnosed hypertension.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hypertension was 31.0%, and the prevalence was higher among urban participants (urban: 36.9%, rural: 30.6%). Age (across all categories), female (urban—adjusted OR (AOR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.5 and rural—AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.1)), higher educational status (urban—AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2 and rural—AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5 to 3.1), inadequate physical activity (urban—AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.7 and rural—AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.9) and overweight/obesity (urban—AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2.1 to 3.3 and rural—AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7 to 2.5) were associated with hypertension in both urban and rural areas. Women who were not currently married during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the rural areas (rural—AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.4), and respondents who were not working during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the urban areas (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.6).ConclusionSince the prevalence of hypertension was high in urban and rural areas, the government of Bangladesh should consider implementing hypertension prevention programmes focusing young population of Dhaka division. In addition, early screening programmes and management of hypertension need to be strengthened for people with hypertension in both the areas.