bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-222 alleviates radiation-induced apoptosis by targeting BCL2L11 in cochlea hair cells
Authors: Zhang Yan-yan , Xiong Gao-yun , Xie Xiao-xing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Radiation-induced hair cell injury is detrimental for human health but the underlying mechanism is not clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in various types of cellular biological processes. The present study investigated the role of miR-222 in the regulation of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cell injury in auditory cells and its underlying mechanism. Real-time PCR was performed to identify the expression profile of miR-222 in the cochlea hair cell line HEI-OC1 after IR exposure. miRNA mimics or inhibitor-mediated up- or down-regulation of indicated miRNA was applied to characterize the biological effects of miR-222 using MTT, apoptosis and DNA damage assay. Bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter assays were applied to identify an miRNA target gene. Our study confirmed that IR treatment significantly suppressed miR-222 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Up-regulation of miR-222 enhances cell viability and alleviated IR-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in HEI-OC1 cells. In addition, BCL-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11) was validated as a direct target of miR-222. Overexpression of BCL2L11 abolished the protective effects of miR-222 in IR-treated HEI-OC1 cells. Moreover, miR-222 alleviated IR-induced apoptosis and DNA damage by directly targeting BCL2L11. The present study demonstrates that miR-222 exhibits protective effects against irradiation-induced cell injury by directly targeting BCL2L11 in cochlear cells.
Further Evaluation and Application of the Wisconsin Age-Related Hearing Impairment Classification System
Authors: Humes Larry E. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The primary purpose of this report is to further evaluate the Wisconsin Age-Related Hearing Impairment Classification System (WARHICS) scheme for the classification of audiograms obtained from older adults, ages 50–89 years.

Method
This was a retrospective analysis of data from 11,729 older adults included in two population, one community, and two clinical data sets. To aid in the interpretation of the audiogram classifications, the functional significance of audiogram categories was evaluated using Hearing Handicap Inventory–Screen scores available for 10,330 of these same individuals.

Results
A WARHICS level could be obtained successfully for 99.5% of the 11,729 audiograms included in these analyses. It was applied successfully to population, community, and clinical samples. WARHICS Level 8 audiograms, corresponding to a broad profound hearing impairment (pure-tone thresholds from 500 to 8000 Hz, all > 80 dB HL), were very rare (.1% prevalence). WARHICS subtypes, designed to identify those with high-frequency notched audiograms or flat audiograms, occurred only 3%–6% of the time, depending on the data set. When compared to the current hearing-impairment grading system of the World Health Organization (WHO), several WARHICS levels fell within a given WHO hearing-impairment grade suggesting a finer grained categorization by the WARHICS. The Hearing Handicap Inventory–Screen scores provided justification for the fine-grained categorization according to the WARHICS. It is also demonstrated that the WARHICS levels could be extended to the classification of audiograms from all adults, regardless of age. Finally, a WARHICS-WHO hybrid classification scheme is proposed for future evaluation.

Conclusions
Although the WARHICS was developed from a population data set, it was demonstrated here to be applicable to population, community, and clinical data sets for adults aged 50–89 years. The applicability of the WARHICS or a WARHICS-WHO hybrid to population data sets that included younger adults suggests that this classification system has the potential to be applied even more broadly than just to age-related hearing loss.
The Effects of Telepractice to Support Family Members in Modeling a Speech-Generating Device in the Home
Authors: Douglas Sarah N. , Biggs Elizabeth E. , Meadan Hedda , Bagawan Atikah 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Family members are an integral support for children with complex communication needs (CCN). However, there is limited research exploring “whole family” intervention to support children with CCN, including evidence-based approaches such as aided language modeling and innovative delivery options such as telepractice. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the use of telepractice-based training and coaching is a valid means of delivering intervention to the whole family unit to implement aided language modeling.

Method

A 4-year-old child with CCN who uses a speech-generating device and her four family members participated in the study. A single-case multiple-probe design across the four dyads was used to determine the effect of the memory aid, namely,
Prepare, Show, Wait, and Respond,
via telepractice intervention to teach family members to provide aided language modeling with fidelity during natural routines.

Results
We found that telepractice-based training and coaching increased family members' high-fidelity models and rate of modeling. The target child also showed an increase in independent communication and rate of augmentative and alternative communication use. Social validity interviews indicated that the participants found the intervention to be socially valid.

Conclusions
Given the findings of this study, speech-language pathologists should encourage the involvement of the whole family in augmentative and alternative communication interventions. Future research should examine the impact of training and coaching all family members together in their natural environment, explore specific adaptations for participants, and investigate the effects of intervention delivered by speech-language pathologists who work directly with families and utilize family-centered practices.
Nucleosynthesis constraints through γ-ray line measurements from classical novae
Authors: Siegert Thomas , Ghosh Sohan , Mathur Kalp , Spraggon Ethan , Yeddanapudi Akshay 
Published: May 2021

Context. Classical novae belong to the most frequent transient events in the Milky Way and are key agents of ongoing nucleosynthesis. Despite their large numbers, they have never been observed in soft γ-ray emission. Measurements of their γ-ray signatures would provide insights into explosion mechanism and nucleosynthesis products.
Aims. Our goal is to constrain the ejecta masses of 7Be and 22Na from classical novae through their γ-ray line emissions at 478 and 1275 keV.
Methods. We extracted posterior distributions on the line fluxes from archival data of the INTEGRAL/SPI spectrometer telescope. We then used a Bayesian hierarchical model to link individual objects and diffuse emission, and to infer ejecta masses from the whole population of classical novae in the Galaxy.
Results. Individual novae are too dim to be detectable in soft γ-rays, and the upper bounds on their flux and ejecta mass uncertainties cover several orders of magnitude. Within the framework of our hierarchical model, we can nevertheless infer tight upper bounds on the 22Na ejecta masses, given all uncertainties from individual objects as well as diffuse emission, of < 2.0 × 10−7 M⊙ (99.85th percentile).
Conclusions. In the context of ONe nucleosynthesis, the 22Na bounds are consistent with theoretical expectations and exclude that most ONe novae occur on white dwarfs with masses of about 1.35 M⊙. The upper bounds from 7Be are uninformative. From the combined ejecta mass estimate of 22Na and its β+ decay, we infer a positron production rate of < 5.5 × 1042 e+ s−1, which would mean 10% at most of the total annihilation rate in the Milky Way.
Lehre in den psychosozialen medizinischen Fächern in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie – erste Erfahrungen
Authors: Koelkebeck Katja , Baessler Franziska , Bittner Robert , Frodl Thomas , Gradl-Dietsch Gertraut , Janowitz Deborah , Jordan Katja-Daniela , Kluge Ina , Matthes Oliver , Pinilla Severin , Robitzsch Anita , Strauß Maria , Speerforck Sven , Watzke Stefan , Spitzer Philipp 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung In besonders auf Kommunikation basierenden Fächern wie Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik stellt die Lehre in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie eine besondere Herausforderung dar. In dieser Übersicht berichten Dozierende und Lehrbeauftragte von ihren Erfahrungen im E-Teaching und teilen innovative Lösungsansätze.
Methodik Wir präsentieren eine erfahrungsbasierte Sammlung von Vorgehensweisen, die sich auf Lehre und Prüfungsformate sowie auch aktivierende Methoden beziehen.
Ergebnisse Es konnte eine Reihe von nützlichen Tools für die Lehre erstellt werden. Dazu gehören Lehrvideos mit Schauspielpatienten, strukturierte Hausaufgaben zur Verfassung von psychopathologischen Befunden, strukturierte Übergaben und praktische Prüfungen im Videochatformat. Es wurden Podcasts mit ÄrztInnen- und PatientInnen-Interviews und der Unterricht anhand von cineastischem Material genutzt, um das Interesse und die Motivation der Studierenden an dem Fachgebiet zu fördern.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Umstellung auf Online-Formate ermöglicht Chancen und Vorteile für die Weiterentwicklung von zeit- und ortsunabhängigem Lernen. Eine schnelle Veränderung in diese Richtung birgt jedoch auch Nachteile. Insbesondere in der Lehre in den psychosozialen Fächern ist die direkte PatientInnen- und Studierendeninteraktion wichtig, um Übertragungs- und Gegenübertragungsphänomene sowie atmosphärische Aspekte aufzugreifen. Studien zur Effektivität der neu entwickelten Formate und didaktische sowie technische Schulungen von Dozierenden zur digitalen Lehre sind notwendig.
Ultrafast X-ray scattering offers a structural view of excited-state charge transfer
Authors: Yong Haiwang , Xu Xuan , Ruddock Jennifer M. , Stankus Brian , Carrascosa Andrés Moreno , Zotev Nikola , Bellshaw Darren , Du Wenpeng , Goff Nathan , Chang Yu , Boutet Sébastien , Carbajo Sergio , Koglin Jason E. , Liang Mengning , Robinson Joseph S. , Kirrander Adam , Minitti Michael P. , Weber Peter M. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Charge transfer plays a fundamental role in many areas of chemistry, physics, biology, and materials science. The spatial redistribution of electrons is typically associated with changes in the molecular geometry. A comprehensive understanding of this process requires atomic spatial resolution and femtosecond temporal resolution. Here, we exploit an X-ray free-electron laser to determine the excited-state structures during charge transfer with sub-Ångström resolution. Important behaviors such as bond elongation and contraction and reorientation of functional groups during the charge transfer are discovered, demonstrating the substantial information on excited-state molecular structure that becomes accessible through ultrafast X-ray scattering measurements.
Constructing Turing complete Euler flows in dimension 3
Authors: Cardona Robert , Miranda Eva , Peralta-Salas Daniel , Presas Francisco 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceWhat kind of physics might be noncomputational? In this article, we address the appearance of undecidable phenomena in fluid dynamics, proving the existence of Turing complete fluid flows on a three-dimensional geometric domain. Our strategy fuses the computational power of symbolic dynamics with geometric techniques from contact topology and its connection with hydrodynamics unveiled by Sullivan, Etnyre, and Ghrist more than two decades ago. The type of flows that we consider are stationary solutions to the incompressible Euler equations. Taking these steady flows as initial data, we obtain global solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations that can simulate just a (fixed) finite number of steps of any Turing machine. This raises the challenging question of the Turing-completeness of Navier–Stokes.
Generation of runaway electrons in plasma after a breakdown of a gap with a sharply non-uniform electric field strength distribution
Authors: Beloplotov D V , Tarasenko V F , Shklyaev V A , Sorokin D A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the study of the initiation and formation of a negative streamer in a sharply inhomogeneous electric field and the generation of runaway electrons (REs) in air and helium at atmospheric pressure and below, as well as in sulfur hexafluoride at low pressure. Nanosecond voltage pulses of negative polarity with an amplitude of 18 kV were applied across a point-to-plane gap 8.5 mm long. The studies were carried out using broadband measuring sensors and equipment with picosecond time resolution, as well as using a four-channel ICCD camera. Using a special method for measuring the dynamic displacement current caused by the redistribution of the electric field during streamer formation, the waveforms of voltage, discharge current, RE current, and dynamic displacement current were synchronized to each other, as well as to ICCD images. Data on the generation of REs with respect to the dynamics of streamer formation were obtained. It was found that REs are generated not only during the breakdown of the gap, but also after that. It has been found that the formation time of explosive emission centers affects the generation of REs after breakdown. Based on the measurement data of the voltage, discharge current, and dynamic displacement current, the electron concentration in the plasma channel after breakdown and the electric field strength near the surface of the grounded electrode were calculated.
Influence of ionic conductivity and dielectric constant of the catalyst on DBD plasma-assisted CO2 hydrogenation into methanol
Authors: Feliz Maxwell Quezada , Polaert Isabelle , Ledoux Alain , Fernandez Christian , Azzolina-Jury Federico 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technology is a promising method for producing methanol from CO2 hydrogenation as the reaction can be run at atmospheric pressure and temperatures below 100 °C. The choice of the catalyst is crucial and has to be made not only according to its activity and selectivity towards the desired product, but its effect on plasma properties. In this work, the influence of several important catalytic properties of DBD plasma such as the dielectric constant of the catalyst and ionic conductivity is studied. The effects of the catalyst support and the addition of promoters on CO2 hydrogenation under DBD plasma are also studied. To this end, Cu and Cu–ZnO catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 and a template-free seedless ZSM-5 (Si/Al molar ratio of 23) were prepared to study their catalytic performance on CO2 hydrogenation into methanol under DBD plasma. These catalysts were fully characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 physisorption, temperature programmed reduction and in situ FTIR CO adsorption. The relative complex permittivity of the catalysts was measured and the ionic conductivity was estimated using a modified Debye model. In this paper, the role of the ionic conductivity of the catalyst was identified as a crucial parameter in plasma-assisted CO2 hydrogenation. It was found that the lower the value of the ionic conductivity, the better the CO2 conversion. Indeed, high ionic conductivity reduces the density of the plasma and decreases the dissociation of CO2. The highest CO2 conversion value (34.0%) was observed for the nonconductive alumina support, whereas the highest methanol yield (0.5%) was observed for the zeolite-supported Cu–ZnO catalyst.
Intrinsic geometry and director reconstruction for three-dimensional liquid crystals
Authors: Pollard Joseph , Alexander Gareth P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We give a description of the intrinsic geometry of elastic distortions in three-dimensional nematic liquid crystals and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of functions to represent these distortions by describing how they couple to the curvature tensor. We demonstrate that, in contrast to the situation in two dimensions, the first-order gradients of the director alone are not sufficient for full reconstruction of the director field from its intrinsic geometry: it is necessary to provide additional information about the second-order director gradients. We describe several different methods by which the director field may be reconstructed from its intrinsic geometry. Finally, we discuss the coupling between individual distortions and curvature from the perspective of Lie algebras and groups and describe homogeneous spaces on which pure modes of distortion can be realised.
Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer in Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet
Authors: Song Yan-Jie , Liu Qian-Qian , Zong Nan , Wang Zhi-Min , Cui Da-Fu , Zhang Shen-Jin , Bo Yong , Peng Qin-Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High-quality Nd,Yb:YAG crystal with 5 at. % Yb3+ and 0.5 at. % Nd3+ was grown using the Czochralski method. A complete optical characterization was reported including absorption, excitation spectra and luminescence lifetime measurements at room temperature and emission spectra at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 800 K. The emission spectra of Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped YAG were measured for different excitation wavelengths 808 nm and 940 nm. The presence of Yb3+ emission after excitation in the 4F5/2 and 4F3/2 levels of Nd3+ together with the 4I9/2→ 4F5/2 and 4I9/2→ 4F3/2 bands of Nd3+ in the excitation spectra of Yb3+ ions confirm that energy transfer occurs from Nd3+ to Yb3+. On the other hand, the back transfer from Yb3+ to Nd3+ can be neglected. This conclusion is also in agreement with the vanishing overlap between the Yb3+ emission and Nd3+ absorption. The analysis of the luminescence decay curves obtained after pulsed excitation has been used to further explore energy transfer processes and the interaction mechanism.
Similarity-constrained task-related component analysis for enhancing SSVEP detection
Authors: Sun Qiang , Chen Minyou , Zhang Li , Li Changsheng , Kang Wenfa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective. Task-related component analysis (TRCA) is a representative subject-specific training algorithm in steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces. Task-related components (TRCs), extracted by the TRCA-based spatial filtering from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals through maximizing the reproducibility across trials, may contain some task-related inherent noise that is still trial-reproducible. Approach. To address this problem, this study proposed a similarity-constrained TRCA (scTRCA) algorithm to remove the task-related noise and extract TRCs maximally correlated with SSVEPs for enhancing SSVEP detection. Similarity constraints, which were created by introducing covariance matrices between EEG training data and an artificial SSVEP template, were added to the objective function of TRCA. Therefore, a better spatial filter was obtained by maximizing not only the reproducibility across trials but also the similarity between TRCs and SSVEPs. The proposed scTRCA was compared with TRCA, multi-stimulus TRCA, and sine–cosine reference signal based on two public datasets. Main results. The performance of TRCA in target identification of SSVEPs is improved by introducing similarity constraints. The proposed scTRCA significantly outperformed the other three methods, and the improvement was more significant especially with insufficient training data. Significance. The proposed scTRCA algorithm is promising for enhancing SSVEP detection considering its better performance and robustness against insufficient calibration.
Extreme value theory and the St. Petersburg paradox in the failure statistics of wires
Authors: Taloni Alessandro , Zapperi Stefano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The fracture stress of materials typically depends on the sample size and is traditionally explained in terms of extreme value statistics. A recent work reported results on the carrying capacity of long polyamide and polyester wires and interpret the results in terms of a probabilistic argument known as the St. Petersburg paradox. Here, we show that the same results can be better explained in terms of extreme value statistics. We also discuss the relevance of rate dependent effects.
Front-end electronics for CMS iRPC detectors
Authors: Shchablo K. , Samalan A. , Tytgat M. , Zaganidis N. , Alves G.A. , Marujo F. , Torres Da Silva De Araujo F. , Da Costa E.M. , De Jesus Damiao D. , Nogima H. , Santoro A. , Fonseca De Souza S. , Aleksandrov A. , Hadjiiska R. , Iaydjiev P. , Rodozov M. , Shopova M. , Sultanov G. , Bonchev M. , Dimitrov A. , Litov L. , Pavlov B. , Petkov P. , Petrov A. , Qian S.J. , Bernal C. , Cabrera A. , Fraga J. , Sarkar A. , Elsayed S. , Assran Y. , El Sawy M. , Mahmoud M.A. , Mohammed Y. , Chen X. , Combaret C. , Gouzevitch M. , Grenier G. , Laktineh I. , Mirabito L. , Bagaturia I. , Lomidze D. , Lomidze I. , Bhatnagar V. , Gupta R. , Kumari P. , Singh J. , Amoozegar V. , Boghrati B. , Ebraimi M. , Ghasemi R. , Mohammadi Najafabadi M. , Zareian E. , Abbrescia M. , Aly R. , Elmetenawee W. , De Filippis N. , Gelmi A. , Iaselli G. , Leszki S. , Loddo F. , Margjeka I. , Pugliese G. , Ramos D. , Benussi L. , Bianco S. , Piccolo D. , Buontempo S. , Di Crescenzo A. , Fienga F. , De Lellis G. , Lista L. , Meola S. , Paolucci P. , Braghieri A. , Salvini P. , Montagna P. , Riccardi C. , Vitulo P. , Francois B. , Kim T.J. , Park J. , Choi S.Y. , Hong B. , Lee K.S. , Goh J. , Lee H. , Eysermans J. , Uribe Estrada C. , Pedraza I. , Castilla-Valdez H. , Sanchez-Hernandez A. , Mondragon Herrera C.A. , Perez Navarro D.A. , Ayala Sanchez G.A. , Carrillo S. , Vazquez E. , Radi A. , Ahmad A. , Asghar I. , Hoorani H. , Muhammad S. , Shah M.A. , Crotty I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new generation of resistive plate chambers, capable of withstanding high particle fluxes (up to 2000 Hz · cm-2) and instrumented with precise timing readout electronics is proposed to equip two of the four high pseudorapidity stations of the CMS muon system. Double-gap RPC detectors, with each gap made of two 1.4 mm High Pressure Laminate electrodes and separated by a gas gap of the same thickness, are proposed. The new layout reduces the amount of the avalanche charge produced by the passage of a charged particle through the detector. This improves the RPC rate capability by reducing the needed time to collect this charge. To keep the RPC efficiency high, a sensitive, low-noise and high time resolution front-end electronics is needed to cope with the lower charge signal of the new RPC. An ASIC called PETIROC that has all these characteristics has been selected to read out the strips of new chambers. Thin (0.6 mm) printed circuit board, 160 cm long, equipped with pickup strips of 0.75 cm average pitch, will be inserted between the two new RPC's gaps. The strips will be read out from both ends, and the arrival time difference of the two ends will be used to determine the hit position along the strip. Results from the improved RPC equipped with the new readout system and exposed to cosmic muons in the high irradiation environment at CERN GIF++ facility are presented in this work.
Beyond 4D tracking: using cluster shapes for track seeding
Authors: Fox P.J. , Huang S. , Isaacson J. , Ju X. , Nachman B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tracking is one of the most time consuming aspects of event
reconstruction at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its
high-luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC). Innovative detector
technologies extend tracking to four-dimensions by including timing
in the pattern recognition and parameter estimation. However,
present and future hardware already have additional information that
is largely unused by existing track seeding algorithms. The shape
of pixel-clusters provides an additional dimension for track seeding
that can significantly reduce the combinatorial challenge of track
finding. We use neural networks to show that cluster shapes can
reduce significantly the rate of fake combinatorical backgrounds
while preserving a high efficiency. We demonstrate this using the
information in cluster singlets, doublets and triplets. Numerical
results are presented with simulations from the TrackML challenge.