bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublethal Effects of Essential Plant Oils on Biochemical and Ecological Parameters of the Predatory Mite Amblyseius Swirskii
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Somayyeh , Messelink Gerben J. , Avila Gonzalo A. , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii is widely used natural enemy of phytophagous pests. Due to negative effects of conventional pesticides on non-target organism, the development of selective natural and eco-friendly pesticides such as essential plant oils are a useful pest control tool to use in synergy with biological control agents. Essential oils of Nepeta crispa, Satureja hortensis and Anethum graveolens showed promising results to control Tetranychus urticae. Hence an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of these essential oils on biochemical and demographic parameters of A. swirskii. Significant reduction of carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents of oil-treated predatory mites was observed. However oils of S. hortensis and A. graveolens had no negative impact on lipid reserve. Glutathione-S-transferase activity of A. swirskii was influenced by A. graveolens. In addition, the enzyme activity of the α-esterases was elevated by all treatments. The essential oils showed no effect on β-esterases activity compared to the control treatment. None of the concentrations of the different tested oils affected the population growth parameters of A. swirskii. However, a significant reduction was observed in oviposition time and total fecundity of predatory mites. Our observations show that the tested essential plant oils need some caution when applied as alternatives to synthetic pesticides in combination with A. swirskii and may have critical implications for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. However, semi-field and field studies are required to evaluate the effects of these products on T. urticae and A. swirskii for developing IPM strategies.
Characterization of High Quality, Large-Scale Growth of Monolayer WS2 Domains via Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique
Authors: Asgary Somayeh , Ramezani Amir Hoshang , Nejad Zhaleh Ebrahimi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
WS2 flakes have been grown successfully on SiO2 substrate via chemical vapor (CVD) deposition method by reduction and sulfurization of WO3 using Ar/ H2 gas and sulfur evaporated from solid sulfur powder. The prepared samples were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra and photoluminescence (PL). Large domain WS2 monolayers are obtained by extending the growth time. The perfect triangular single-crystalline WS2 flakes with an average length of more than 35 µm were achieved. The sharp PL peak (∼1.98 eV) and two distinct Raman peaks (E2g and A1g) with a ∼ 71.5 cm-1 peak split indicating that relatively high quality WS2 crystals with a regular triangle shape can be synthesized. Higher growth time shows larger triangular-shaped of WS2.
Accuracy of a Community Mental Health Education and Detection (CMED) Tool for Common Mental Disorders in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Authors: Grant Merridy , Petersen Inge , Mthethwa Londiwe , Luvuno Zamasomi P.B. , Bhana Arvin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Screening tools for mental health disorders improve detection at a primary health care (PHC) level. However, many people with mental health conditions do not seek care because of a lack of knowledge about mental health, stigma about mental illness and a lack of awareness of mental health services available at a PHC facility level. Interventions at a community level that raise awareness about mental health and improve detection of mental health conditions, are thus important in increasing demand and optimising the supply of available mental health services. This study sought to evaluate the accuracy of a Community Mental Health Education and Detection (CMED) Tool in identifying mental health conditions using pictorial vignettes. Methods: Community Health Workers (CHWs) administered the CMED tool to 198 participants on routine visits to households. Consenting family members provided basic biographical information prior to the administration of the tool. To determine the accuracy of the CMED in identifying individuals in households with possible mental health disorders, we compared the number of individuals identified using the CMED vignettes to the validated Brief Mental Health (BMH) screening tool. Results: The CMED performed at an acceptable level with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 -0.79), identifying 79% (sensitivity) of participants as having a possible mental health problem and 67% (specificity) of participants as not having a mental health problem. Overall, the CMED positively identified 55.2% of household members relative to 49.5% on the BMH.Conclusion: The CMED is acceptable as a mental health screening tool for use by CHWs at a household level.
The Combination of APACHE II Score, Neutrophil/lymphocyte Ratio And Expired Tidal Volume Could Better Predict Noninvasive Ventilation Failure In Pneumonia-Induced Mild To Moderate ARDS Patients
Authors: Sun Wei , Luo Zujin , Cao Zhixin , Wang Jing , Zhang Liming , Ma Yingmin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To identify the variables easily obtained at the bedside for prediction of failure of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) among pneumonia-induced mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients.Methods: A total of 131 pneumonia-induced mild to moderate ARDS patients were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine whether NIV succeeded or failed for each patients, and we compared the variables between NIV success and failure patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were made to identify the independent factors of NIV failure, and we developed an equation based the results of the analysis. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built to assess the efficacy of variables to predict NIV failure. Kaplan-Meier curves for 28-day survival were built to compare the mortality between different groups. ﻿Results: 64 (48.9%) patients experienced NIV failure. APACHE II score, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and expired tidal volume (Vte) were independent factors for predicting NIV failure. The combination value of APACHE II score, NLR and Vte had better efficacy of predicting NIV failure (AUC, 0.9; 95% CI 0.845-0.955) than APACHE II score (AUC, 0.818; 95% CI0.745-0.891), NLR (AUC, 0.839; 95% CI 0.765-0.913) and Vte (AUC, 0.805; 95% CI 0.729-0.881) respectively. The cumulative survival probability within 28 days was lower in patients with combination value>59.17 (P<0.001 by log-rank test), APACHE II score>16.5 (P<0.001 by log-rank test), NLR>7.22 (P<0.001 by log-rank test) and Vte>8.96ml/kg (P<0.001 by log-rank test).﻿Conclusions: The combination of APACHE II score>16.5, NLR>7.22 and Vte>8.96ml/kg may be a useful surrogate for predicting NIV failure among pneumonia-induced ARDS patients, and patients with combination value>59.17 should cautiously monitored during NIV. Further study with a larger sample size is warranted.
Species can base their impression of themselves on the number of sensory neurons they have and their IUCN level
Authors: goetz aaron 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Humans have the most sensory neurons of any terrestrial species, 18.83B, with more than twice as many as the runner up western gorilla. There are three aquatic species with more than humans and seven more with more than the western gorilla. The killer whale with more than twice as many as humans, long-finned and short-finned pilot whale with a little less than twice humans. With that many sensory neurons it would be assumed that those would be the species with the most emotional disturbance from anthropogenic influence. There is no data on killer whale endangerment, and both long and short finned pilot whales are LC, ranking them 23rd and 24th most disturbed species. It is important for us to consider what the species means to them in evaluating what species we should care about, it would be beneficial to base that on what species care about themselves the most.
Al18F-AEEA-HER2-BCH Affibody Reveals Clearer PET Imaging Than 18F-FDG in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Pilot Clinical Translation Study
Authors: Guo Xiaoyi , Zhou Nina , Ding Jin , Wang Shuailiang , Liu Teli , Song Guohong , zhu Hua , Yang Zhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose To construct, validate and preclinically evaluate a novel HER2 target agent Al18F-AEEA-HER2-BCH affibody (Al18F-HER2-BCH), and perform a pilot clinical translational study in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Methods In preclinical study, the HER2 target specificity were verified using HER2-positive and HER2-negative cells and mice models. In clinical study, we enrolled 14 HER2-positive breast cancer patients (7 newly diagnosed patients and 7 relapsing metastatic patients) and one HER2-negative breast cancer patients. The safety were observed and lesion detection ability was compared with 18F-FDG in 14 HER2-positive breast cancer patients (NCT04547309). All patients injected with 222±18.5 MBq Al18F-HER2-BCH and scanned at 2 h and 4 h, and received standard 18F-FDG PET/CT scan within 7 d. Results In preclinical study, the Kd value of Al18F-HER2-BCH was 25.5±2.53 nM. Micro-PET imaging of Al18F-HER2-BCH showed significantly higher tumor uptake in HER2-positive NCI-N87 models than in HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 models (12.2±1.08 ID%/g vs 1.25 ± 0.25 ID%/g, p < 0.0001). In clinical study, for the 7 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, Al18F-HER2-BCH depicted more primary lesions than 18F-FDG (9 vs 6), with higher tumor/breast (T/B) ratio (17.9±13.2 vs 5.4±3.4, p<0.05). And Al18F-HER2-BCH detected more metastatic lymph nodes than 18F-FDG (20 vs 7) with higher uptake (SUVmax, 6.42±3.84 vs 5.1±1.06). For the 7 relapsed metastatic patients, Al18F-HER2-BCH presented better metastases detection ability than 18F-FDG (93 vs 45), especially lymph node (39 vs 23), bone (39 vs 21), and liver metastases (30 vs 3). Compared with 18F-FDG, Al18F-HER2-BCH upstaged 5/7 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and detected more distant metastases in 4/7 relapsed patients.Conclusions The ﬁndings described here demonstrated that Al18F-HER2-BCH had high affinity and target specificity, and it was feasible to detect HER2-positive lesions in primary and metastatic breast cancer patients.
Local Knowledge of Utilisation and Threats Patterns of Termites around Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, West – Africa
Authors: Gbeffe Alain Kpèdékpo , Houehanou Thierry D. , Adesina Francis A. , Onilude Musiliudeen A. , Houinato Marcel B. R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Termites are social insects filling many ecological functions and ecosystem services in tropical ecosystems, and are also used differently for human well-being in several parts of the world. Documenting their use knowledge and associated threats are fundamental for their sustainability. Thus, this study aimed at analysing use knowledge patterns and threat factors of termites within the local communities around Pendjari biosphere reserve (PBR). Methods: Semi-structured questionnaire was administrated to 151 informants to collect socio-demographic data, use-types and use-categories of termites and their threat factor levels. Fidelity indexes, informant diversity and equitability indexes were computed and compared regarding socio-demographic traits by using a generalized linear models. A pairwise ranking of threat factors followed by series of ordinal logistic regression were performed to assess how informants’ socio – demographic traits do influence the perceived effect of threats on termite species. The statistical analyses were done by using R programming language in Rstudio. Results: Twenty five use-types of termites and termite mounds were recorded. Ethnicity and gender have significant (P-value < 0.05) influence on the use knowledge pattern of termites, with Gourmantche and Berba the most knowledgeable ethnics of termite and termite mound uses, while women are more knowledgeable than men. Ethnicity and age category have significant (P-value < 0.05) influence on perceived threats of agricultural activities and bush fire, while the reported global use values and age category have significant (P-value < 0.05) influence on the perceived threat of climate change on termites. Old informants are likely to perceive the influence of bushfire, agricultural activities and climate change threats than adult and young informants. Berbas are likely to perceive the influence of agricultural activities and bushfire threats than Gourmantche, Waama and other ethnics. Conclusion: The findings were therefore supported by gender, age and dynamic of knowledge hypothesis, with gender and ethnicity, the two factors that have significant influence on the uses’ diversity and use knowledge pattern of termite and termite mounds. Thus, the sustainable management of termites will be achieved by sensitizing indigenous communities to adopt sustainable agricultural practices associated with the creation of alternative activities to reduce pressure on termites.
Chronic heat stress promotes liver inflammation in broilers via enhancing NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yi-Lei , Ding Kang-Ning , Shen Xing-Ling , Liu Han-Xiao , Zhang Yi-An , Liu Yu-Qing , He Yong-Ming , Tang Lu-Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background The study was to investigate the effects of chronic heat stress on liver inflammatory injury and its potential mechanisms in broilers. Chickens were randomly assigned to 1-week control group (Control 1), 1-week heat stress group (HS1), 2-week control group (Control 2), and a 2-week heat stress group (HS2) with 15 replicates per group. Broilers in heat stress groups exposed to heat stress (35 ± 2°C) for 8 h/d with 7 or 14 consecutive days. Growth performance and liver inflammation injury were examined for the analysis of liver injury.ResultsThe results showed that heat stress decreased the growth performance, showed obvious blutpunkte, lowered liver weight and liver index, which resulted in significant liver damage of broilers. Both the gene and protein expressions of HSP70, TLR4 and NF-κB in the liver were significantly enhanced by heat stress. Furthermore, heat stress obviously enhanced IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB P65, IκB and their phosphorylated proteins expressions in the liver of broilers. In addition, heat stress promoted the activation of NLRP3 with increased NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β. ConclusionsThese results suggested that heat stress can cause the liver inflammation via activation of TLR4-NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathway in broilers.
O PROCESSO DE EMANCIPAÇÃO HUMANA NO ASSENTAMENTO ROSE: das ambiências do campo aos processos de constituição identitária
Authors: Almeida dos Santos Souza Leila Damiana , SOUZA KLEBER PEIXOTO DE 
Published: October 2021

Ampliamos o foco, abrimos o olhar, aguçamos os ouvidos, ajustamos o compasso e carregamos nas cores. Foi assim que afinamos nossos passos para caminhar com um grupo moradores de um assentamento de reforma agrária, o Assentamento Rose, na cidade de Santaluz, BA. O objetivo foi evidenciar as formas de organização dos povos campesinos na luta pela emancipação individual e coletiva, bem como tornar conhecidas importantes questões sociais, políticas e epistemológicas que permeiam os saberes e os processos formativos dos homens e mulheres do Assentamento Rose. Optamos por uma investigação de natureza qualitativa. O estudo de caso foi a estratégia investigativa escolhida para conduzir as análises. Já a etnografia visual foi método que organizou e conduziu a investigação, abrindo possibilidades de uso variado de técnicas para construção dos dados, dentre elas as narrativas orais e outras técnicas como entrevistas e grupos focais. Concluímos que, a partir do movimento teórico-conceitual empreendido foi possível ampliarmos nossos olhares para a constituição identitária dos assentados do Rose, seja nos planos social, educativo, cultural e sócio-político. Ao identificarmos os saberes partilhados e o processo de emancipação humana que ali existem, não restam dúvidas que o contexto de luta, o preconceito e a criminalização cotidiana que sofreram esses campesinos, fizeram surgir uma dinâmica de produção e autoprodução através da qual esses povos se afirmam pelo saber produzido, bem como se afirmam como um coletivo culturalmente organizado e produtivo.
Divided Ownership – Development and Perspectives
Authors: Petr Pavel , Horák Ondřej , Dostalík Petr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Divided ownership gives rise to a number of problems. The reintroduction of the superficies solo cedit principle and the superficiary right of building into the Czech law does not, of course, mean the return of feudal relationships. However, it should be reminded that it disrupts indivisibility (exclusivity, completeness, limitlessness) of ownership, which is traditionally seen as the foundation of ownership right. The authors use primarily comparative and historical methods in their research on this topic. In its today form, we understand divided ownership as a simplification that serves as ideological abstraction for a situation where the owner is subject to a long-term limitation by a very broad in rem right of another, which is hereditary and alienable. In this context we talk about three approaches to divided ownership in jurisprudence: (a) it does not exist at all; (b) it is limited solely to the feudal era; (c) it is a general term without relation to any specific social situation.
Are Pain and Suffering Awards (Un-)Predictable? Evidence from Germany
Authors: Flatscher-Thöni Magdalena , Leiter Andrea M. , Winner Hannes 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper assesses the widely held belief that damages for pain and suffering are random or arbitrary. In detail, we investigate whether damages for pain and suffering are systematically affected by individual-, injury- and procedural-specific characteristics and how important these factors are relative to each other. To uncover the predictability of these awards, we rely on a sample of German damages for pain and suffering awards including 2.244 verdicts. By estimating a standard regression model we observe that final awards are systematically influenced by the injury’s conditions, by the court level the case is brought in and by the engagement of a lawyer. Our findings let us conclude that damages for pain and suffering and the respective assessment process within the German judicial system are largely reasonable and transparent rather than random.
Duas teses de Franz Brentano Sobre a consciência
Authors: Fisette Denis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I propose a reassessment of Brentano’s most important writings on consciousness. My starting point is the formulation of two theses on consciousness that Brentano expresses at the very beginning of the second chapter of the second book of his Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, which constitute the foundation of his theory of primary and secondary objects. My working hypothesis rests on the principle of the unity of consciousness, which is the key to most problems generally associated with Brentano’s theory of consciousness. In the second part of my paper, I examine three of these problems, namely, the problem of duplication, that of infinite regress, and that of complexity. In the last part of my paper, I propose an analysis of the principle of the unity of consciousness that takes into account Brentano’s writings after the publication of his Psychology, in 1874, and I briefly appraise the impact, on the atual debates regarding Brentano’s theory of consciousness, of the modifications that Brentano has subjected his theory in several lectures and manuscripts published posthumously.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLANILHA COMO FERRAMENTA DE APOIO NO PLANEJAMENTO DIETÉTICO
Authors: NAKATA Felipe Seiji da Silva , CAMARGO Ana Carolina Bom 
Published: October 2021

A tecnologia está cada vez mais presente na área da nutrição. Existem diversos softwares presentes no mercado e muitos são voltados para o uso do profissional nutricionista. Porém, dentro das salas de aula, os programas ainda são pouco utilizados. Nessa linha de pensamento, foi desenvolvido um modelo de planilha de nutrição, que auxiliará o aluno e até mesmo o profissional nutricionista na elaboração de planos alimentares e cálculos antropométricos. A planilha proposta está dividida em cinco setores: “Cardápio” – seleção dos alimentos do plano alimentar, com medidas caseiras e quantidades (g/ml); “Adicionar alimento” – adicionar um alimento não presente no banco de dados; “Cálculo de VET” – cálculo das necessidades calóricas de um indivíduo e distribuição das calorias nas refeições; “Antropometria” – avaliação antropométrica do indivíduo e “Medidas caseiras” – lista com alimentos e suas medidas caseiras. A utilização de planilhas para planejamento alimentar auxilia na prescrição de cardápio e avaliação do indivíduo por parte dos alunos de nutrição e profissionais nutricionistas.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SPREADSHEET AS A SUPPORT TOOL IN DIETARY PLANNING

ABSTRACT
The use of technology is increasingly present in the nutritional area. There are several software programs on the market, and many of them are designed to be used by professional nutritionists. However, in the classrooms, those programs are still poorly used. In this line of thought, a nutrition spreadsheet model was developed, which will assist the student and even the professional nutritionist in the preparation of food planning and anthropometric calculations. The suggested spreadsheet is divided into five sectors: "Menu" - selection of foods for the food plan, with measurements and quantities (g/ml); "Add food" - to include food not present in the database; "TCV Calculation" - to calculate the caloric needs of an individual and distribute the calories in the meals; "Anthropometry" - anthropometric evaluation of the individual and "Home Measures" - a list with foods and their home measures. The use of food planning worksheets helps in the menu prescription and evaluation of the individual by both nutrition students and nutrition professionals.

Descriptors: Nutrition. Food planning. Worksheet. Technology.
KETAKUTAN YANG BERALASAN PADA PENGUNGSI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS (Well-Founded Fear within Refugees with Disabilities)
Authors: Notoprayitno Maya Indrasti 
Published: October 2021

Persons with disabilities are vulnerable group and would be found anywhere in any situation. They become refugees since their conditions of persecution and they should leave out from their country. Unfortunately, the problem occured when persons with mental disabilities could not indicate their well-founded fear as stated in the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees. Regarding the problem, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) may be the answer to settle the problem since CRPD is the human rights approach to disability and recognizes the right of persons with disabilities to equality in most aspects of life. From CRPD, refugees with disabilities can show a well-founded fear thus giving a hope for them in obtaining refugee status and gaining access equivalent to refugees in general. UNHCR uses the CRPD as a reference in carrying out the responsibilities and commitments for the rights of refugees with disabilities.