bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Dysfunctions in Adolescents with Chronic HCV infection
Authors: El-Sayed Manal Hamdy , Habiby Mahmoud El , Mohammed Doaa Magdy , Ebeid Fatma Soliman Elsayed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Globally, in 2015, an estimated 71 million people represented 1% of the world’s population including 5 million children, were living with chronic HCV infection, with the highest prevalence in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region and the European region.

Aim
Primary objective was to assess the frequency of neurocognitive dysfunctions in children and adolescent with chronic HCV infection.

Subject and Methods
This prospective case–control study included forty adolescents with HCV recruited from the regular attendants of the Pediatrics Hospital, Ain Shams University and 20 healthy children from outpatient clinic. Psychiatric interviews and assessments were conducted by experienced qualified psychologist.

Results
Twenty adolescent with chronic HCV infection who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were treatment naïve were recruited (Group1). They were five girls (25%) and fifteen boys (75%), their mean ages were 13.6 ± 2.37 years, were assessed before receiving Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir, orally direct antiviral agents. They had statistically significant lower performance IQ and its subsets, verbal IQ and its subsets and total IQ as well as higher level of conduct, socializes aggression, attention problem, psychotic behavior, depression inventory and anxiety scale than control.

Conclusion
HCV may play a major role in cognition affection and the effect was more pronounced on the untreated HCV patients.
Estimation of D lactat level as amarker of bacterial translocation in gut failure incritically ill pediatric patients
Authors: Ibrahim Hanan M , Elgendy Eman I , Magdy Sondos M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening multi organ failure caused by a dysregulated host response to infection leading to development of gut failure, D-lactate is produced by indigenous bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract lactoferrin is important constitute of human milk and other body fluid act to improve gut function.

Aim of the Work
To test effect of lactoferrin supplementation for improving gut barrier function, prognosis and the outcome of septic patients using D lactate as a marker of bacterial translocation in sepsis with gut failure.

Patients and Methods
After ethical committee approval and informed consent from the parents, this double armed single blinded therapeutic clinical trial study was conducted on 40 Egyptian children admitted to PICUs of Ain Shams University Hospitals, by diagnosis sepsis and gut failure, twenty of them weren't supplemented with LF (group 1) and the other twenty were supplemented with it (group 2). D lactate level was measured in plasma using ELISA.

Results
The study show highly significant difference between Patient and control group in D lactate level, and we found no statistical difference before and after giving lactoferrin in our septic patient who weren’t in treatment of sepsis and gut failure. And we found plasma D lactate higher in non survivors with p value.048. and cut of point&lt; 43.9 mmol\L

Conclusion
Lactoferrin supplementation was not beneficial in pediatric septic patient with gut failure and did not improve outcome or prognosis of patients, D lactate can be used as a predictor of intestinal failure severity and mortality. D lactate may be predictor of gut failure in sepsis and mortality
The Molecular Basis of Beta-Thalassemia Intermedia in Egyptian Children and its Association with the Clinical Phenotype
Authors: Ragab Iman Ahmed , El-Ghany Shereen Mohamed Abd , Kamal Tarek Mostafa , Elsayed Ghada Samir Abd El-Halim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
β-thalassemia syndromes involve a collection of extremely diverse phenotypes. The term β-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI) was suggested to describe patients who had clinical manifestations that are too severe to be termed minor thalassemia yet too mild to be termed major thalassemia. However, there remains substantial overlap between the three conditions.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the variable clinical phenotypes among pediatric patients with βTI and to study the phenotype / genotype correlation with the encountered β-chain mutations.

Patients and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 37 Egyptian children and adolescents with TI following up regularly in the Pediatric Hematology clinic – Ain Shams University. Detailed Clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations were done. Reverse hybridization PCR based assay covering beta globin Mediterranean mutations onto specific biotinylated primers, was done.

Results
IVS 1.6 (T&gt;C) was the most frequent mutation detected in 20 patients and 31 alleles (47.7%), followed by IVS 1.110 (G&gt;A) detected in 7 patients and 8 alleles (12.31%), followed by IVS 1.1 (G&gt;A) and CD27 knossos (G&gt;T), each was detected in 6 patients and 6 alleles (9.23%). β+β+ was the most frequent genotype (54%), followed by β+β/β°β (21.6%) and β°β+ (13.5%). 60% of β°β+ patients had TDT(Transfusion dependent thalassemia), while 87.5% of β + β/β°β patients and 55% of β + β+ patients had NTDT ((Non transfusion dependent thalassemia).

Conclusion
Inheritance of mild β+ thalassemia mutations among Egyptian children; as IVS 1.6 (T&gt;C) and IVS 1.110 (G&gt;A) is the most frequent contributor to TI phenotype in either homozygous or compound heterozygous states. Patients with the same underlying genotype presented variable phenotypes with different degrees of severity.
Pollen Sensitization in Association with Allergic Rhinitis in preschool asthmatic Children
Authors: Hossny Elham M , Abd El-Lateef Hanan M , Salama Hadeer FM 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Grass pollens are significant elicitors of IgE-mediated allergic disease in the world and timothy grass (Phleum pratense) is an important pollen in allergy induction.

Objective
We sought to determine the rate of pollen sensitization in group of Egyptian asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis using timothy grass pollen as a potential triggering factor for allergic rhinitis.

Patients

and Methods
This analytical cross sectional study was conducted on a group of preschool children following up at the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University during the period from December 2018 to April 2019. We enrolled 52 asthmatic children with concomitant allergic rhinitis sampled in a consecutive manner. They were subjected to skin prick testing for timothy grass pollen, positive histamine control and negative control.

Results
The study revealed high frequency of timothy grass pollen(TGP) sensitization occurring in 60.3% of patients with concomitant allergic rhinitis .wheal diameters pointed to sensitization only rather than actual allergy to TGP. TGP sensitization showed no significant correlation to disease duration. Children with rhinosinsuitis had comparable rates of TGP sensitization to those without rhinosinsuitis.

Conclusion
It is concluded from our results that sensitization to timothy grass pollen (TGP) is common in allergic rhinitis. The findings are limited by the sample size and consecutive manner of sampling. Wider scale studies are needed to accurately evaluate the frequency of timothy grass pollen (TGP) sensitization in our country.
Assessment of 25 Hydroxy Cholecalceferol Level in Autistic Children; is there a role for it in Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Authors: Nakhla Martina Alfred Youssef , Zaky Eman Ahmed , Nabeh Enas Samir , El Aziz Asmaa Wafeeq Abd 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Autism is a group of neurodevelopmental disabilities with various genetic and environmental risk factors. Vitamin D is an important neurosteroid hormone which can affect brain development and function, but research on its use in treating autism has been limited.

Objectives
The current study aimed at assessing the level of 25 OH vit D3level in a group of autistic infants and children compared to controls and correlating it with the severity of autistic manifestations and evaluation of the role of therapeutic doses of vitamin D on the severity of autistic manifestations.

Methodology
Thirty autistic Egyptian children (group I) and 30 clinically healthy age and sex matched controls were enrolled (group II). Therapeutic doses of vitamin D were given for autistic children who showed insufficient levels of 25 OH cholecalceferol for a period of 4-6 weeks followed by maintenance doses for another 6 weeks. Psychometric and laboratory evaluation for this group was done thrice: at the onset of study, at 6 week after enrollment in the study, and at 12 weeks after that enrollment.

Results
Serum vitamin D level was substantially reduced in patients with ASD in comparison to control group, and on the other hand, 25 (OH) vitamin D level was significantly negatively correlated with ATEC score and Total CARS score. Autistic children who received vitamin D3 treatment had significant improvement of CARS and ATEC scores.

Conclusion
vitamin D supplementation significantly improved the outcome of enrolled autistic children. It is recommended to follow up our studied sample to check the consolidation of improvement for how long it will be needed.
The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Neutrophil Count
Authors: Nassar May Fouad , El Gendy Yasmin Gamal Abdou , Hamza Mohamed Tarif , Mohamed Marwa Nasser , Radwan Nesrine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate-protein diet and a well-established treatment option for drug resistant childhood epilepsies. Neutrophils are important component of humans` innate phagocytic defense which usually arrive first at sites of infection and/or inflammation.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ketosis induced by KD on neutrophils count.

Methods
This case control study was done in the Ketoclinic, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, during the period of May 2018 till December 2019. It included 21 patients and 9 age and sex matched healthy children as a control group. Neutrophil counts were measured in both patients and controls both initially and after 6 months of KD usage.

Results
Although three patients reported increased incidence of infection after commencement of KD, the current study showed no significant change in the neutrophil count in studied patients compared to the controls after 6 months of KD.

Conclusion
KD has no effect on neutrophil number, however, further detailed studies for the full immunological profile including their function is needed to ensure that patients receiving this line of therapeutic nutrition aren`t susceptible to increased risk of infections.
Serum neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin as a predictor of post-contrast acute kidney injury in children
Authors: Kotby Alyaa A , Nasef Marwa W , Kabiel Walaa A , Mohammad Yasser H , Elmaghrabi Rana M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) by serum creatinine can be delayed because of various factors. A new biomarker neutrophilgelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is postulated to be more sensitive for recognizing patients prone to PC-AKI.

Objective
To assess serum NGAL changes as an early biomarker of PC-AKI in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Methods
This observational study included 30 children with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac catheterization at the Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization Unit, New Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University. They had a median age of 30 months and 63% were females. Serum NGAL was measured just before the catheterization, 6hrs and 24hrs after contrast media administration while serum creatinine was measured before and after 24hrs of contrast media administration.

Results
Significant rise of serum NGAL was noted within 24hrs after contrast administration (p &lt; 0.05) while serum creatinine showed a non-significant rise (p &gt; 0.05). Serum NGAL was positively correlated with age, weight, height, body surface area and rate of contrast injection (p &lt; 0.01). Higher levels of serum NGAL were found among patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization and those who received Midazolam for initial sedation during induction of anesthesia (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Serum NGAL was elevated as early as 6 hours post contrast injection, however its serum level is affected by many factors. It’s important to be aware of other possible risk factors of PC-AKI rather than contrast media as type of cardiac catheterization and the anaesthetic Midazolam.
Visual field defect due to Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hossny Elham M , Abdel Latif Mona K , Radwan Nesrine M , Gah Al-Rassoul Rou’ya A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is used in the management of a variety of autoimmune disorders, with well-established role in dermatology and rheumatology. However, Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine (CQ) have been associated with irreversible visual loss due to retinal toxicity.

Aim of the Work
screening for field affection resulting from HCQ therapy in patients with SLE and assessing the diagnostic accuracy of the investigational methods employed.

Subjects and Methods
This is a cross-sectional controlled study that was carried out on 90 subjects (&lt;18 years old). It included 45 physician diagnosed SLE patients taking HCQ for more than 1 year. A 45 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled as a control group. Visual field assessment was performed by Central 10-2 visual field testing using automated Humphery perimetry.

Results
In comparison to the normal field in the control group, 13 out of 45 (29%) of the patients treated with HCQ had visual field defects most commonly in the central/paracentral area in-spite of no complaint.

Conclusion
HCQ can affect the visual field and this was not related to the cumulative dose of the drug. Regular field assessment should be done for patients on regular HCQ treatment.
The Relationship between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Dental caries
Authors: AbdelFattah Salahuldeen Hamid , Ibrahim Wafaa Ezzat , Fathy Rasha Adel , Abou-El-Fadl Reham Khaled 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Iron deficiency anemia and dental caries are among the most prevalent diseases in some developing countries. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the association between Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and early childhood caries (ECC).

Objectives
The aim of the study was to assess the association between IDA and ECC.

Methods
40 children with proved iron deficiency anemia (using iron profile panel done initially) and another 40 healthy age and sex-matched children were examined by one trained and calibrated dentist where the oral status of all enrolled children was assessed in terms of the Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMF) index and
gingival health using Gingival index of Loe and Sillness.

Results
Children with anemia had a significantly higher DMF index (4.37±4.44) than children without anemia (0.50±0.90) (P &lt; 0.001). It was found that there was a negative significant correlation between DMF index and the presence of anemia (r= -0.60, P &lt; 0.001), hemoglobin level (r= -0.454, P &lt; 0.001) and MCH level (r= -0.380, P = 0.001). The multiple regression model statistically significantly predicted DMF index (P = 0.001), (R2=0.34) and only the presence of anemia was found to add significantly to the model (P = 0.027).

Conclusion
Children with iron deficiency anemia have increased risk for development of dental caries than children without anemia. Any children with significant dental caries should be investigated for IDA and anemia should be treated if present.
Screening for Cow Milk Allergy in Infants and Preschool Children
Authors: El-Sayed Zeinab Awad , Abdel-Lateef Hanan Mohamed , El-Owaidy Rasha Hassan , Shaker Shady Sarwat 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Cow milk allergy (CMA) is the third most common food allergy that triggers anaphylactic reactions. Lactose intolerence, infantile colic and gastroesophageal reflux are the most common conditions which overlap with CMA causing both over and underdiagnosis. There are no wide population based epidemiological studies for the prevalence of CMA among Egyptian children. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of CMA among infants and preschool children and to correlate the parental reporting of CMA to the available diagnostic tools.

Methods
We conducted a cross sectional study that included 800 Egyptian children aged 3 months -5 years, who were enrolled consecutively from the primary care units and outpatient clinics of Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University. Detailed history taking and clinical examination were done and those with suggestive history of CMA were subjected to further evaluation including skin prick test (SPT) and oral challenge test (OCT).

Results
The study comprised 390 girls (48.8%) and 410 boys (51.2%). Their weight centiles ranged between 5th and 97th percentiles, with median (IQR)=25(5-50) percentiles and mean(SD)=36.1(31.9). CM was introduced at age of 1-12 months, mean (SD): 9 (6) months with median (IQR): 12 (9-12) months. Forty (5%) subjects had suggestive history of CMA, 32 of whom completed their evaluation. The diagnosis of cow milk allergy was confirmed in 8/40 children (20%), comprising 1 % of the whole study sample. CMA was probably excluded at the time of the study in 21 subjects (52.5%), while diagnosis remained undetermined in 11/40 cases (27.5%) (8 refused to undergo SPT & OCT while 3 were lost to follow up).

Conclusion
The prevalence of CMA in Egyptian infants and preschool children is estimated to be around 1 % with possible overestimation of cow milk allergy diagnosis according to parental reports.
The Role of the Inflammatory and the Vascular Pathogenesis in a Model of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats
Authors: Raafat Fatma A , Hasanin Amany H , Hendawy Nevien AF , Habeeb Eman MK , Hassan Ahmed N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Peripheral diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major health problems facing the whole world. There is no treatment that could completely reverse or prevent progression of DN except for good glycemic control. The inflammatory and vascular pathways are two main domains that are incorporated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) and DN. Thus, targeting both of them could be an appropriate way to delay progression of DN.

Aim
To investigate the role of the inflammatory and the vascular pathogenesis in diabetic mechanical allodynia.

Method
Twenty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into naïve and diabetic groups (n = 10). Diabetes was induced through i.p injection of single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (50mg/kg), then 8 weeks after induction of diabetes, the sciatic content of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assessed using ELISA technique. Additionally, the number of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as well as CD31, the most specific vascular marker, positively stained vessels was counted manually in sciatic nerves cross sections. Whereas, DNP was assessed weekly throughout the experiment using 60%mechanical threshold of paw withdrawal test.

Results
There was a significant increase in the sciatic content of TNFα, VEGF and ICAM-1 positively stained vessels and a significant decrease in CD31 positively stained vessels in the diabetic group as compared to the naïve group. There was a correlation between TNFα, VEGF, ICAM-1, CD31 positively stained vessels in one side and the 60% mechanical threshold on the other side (r=-0.8, -0.9, -0.8 and 0.7 respectively).

Conclusion
The diabetic mechanical allodynia is negatively correlated to the sciatic nerve content TNFα, VEGF, ICAM-1 and positively correlated to the CD31.
The effect of Hyoscine Butylbromide on the rate of vaginal delivery in cases of secondary arrest of cervical dilatation: A rondomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Elkady Mohamed Ahmed , Mansour Dina Yahia , Elshamy Alyaa Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
For decades, health providers have worked to manage labor actively and safely, with the goal of shortening the duration of painful labor. Reduction of cesarean sections and maternal complication is also an important aspect of labor management. Antispasmodic are commonly administrating during labor in both developing and developed countries, although there is a paucity of scientific reports validating this. Hyoscine butylbromide is an effective antispasmodic drug. Therefore, We aim to assess efficacy of Hyoscine butylbromide on rate of vaginal delivery in cases of 2ry arrest of cervical dilatation.

Objective
To assess whether the intravenous injection of hyoscine butylbromide is effective in progress of labor in which cases with 2ry arrest of cervical dilatation.

Patients and Methods
The study included 100 pregnant women (PG, P1, P2, P3) conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, the inclusion Criteria were: term uncomplicated singleton pregnancy in a spontaneous active labor, with cephalic presentation. The patient must be free from any medical disorder associated with pregnancy and free from any obstetric complication. Cases were subdivided into 2 groups: Study group: 50 patients received 40mg iv Hyoscine Butylbromide (as Buscopan 20mg\mrl) when the cervix &gt;4cm dilated and was &gt;50% effaced. Control group: 50 patients received 2ml saline as placebo.

Results
Significant increase in vaginal delivery rate (72%) in Hyoscine group; compared to Saline group (52%); with significant statistical difference (p = 0.04). Highly significant decrease in 1st and 2nd stage labor time in Hyoscine group; compared to Saline group; with highly significant statistical difference (p &lt; 0.05 respectively). These results observed without significant difference as regards 3rd stage labor time and postpartum hemorrhage (p &gt; 0.05), APGAR score and NICU admission (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
From the current study we can conclude that HBB 40 mg is safe and effective in increasing vaginal delivary rate in cases of 2ry arrest of 12 dilatation. It is effective in decreasing first and second stage of labor. It has no maternal or neonatal adverse effect. It is easy and available.