bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investing in Nursing Education: Some Evidence of Immediate Private Monetary Benefits
Authors: Siedenberg Jeffrey M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Sir Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin and Wilhelm Roentgen's detection of X rays are two of the more famous illustrations of research findings coming about accidentally. Fleming and Roentgen each was working in the general field of his major breakthrough when a significant disclosure occurred quite fortuitously. Results presented in this article also came about somewhat unintentionally. While studying the benefits of investment in cooperative education, positive outcomes in completing a baccalaureate degree with a specialization in nursing, turned up. A study of Lehman College alumni (1980-1985) revealed that nursing students fared better in the labor market upon graduation than did their nonnursing counterparts. This article examines several of the employment variables, such as wage rate and search costs, in light of factors including background differences of graduates, and market conditions such as the nursing shortage. Evidence suggests that the relative advantage enjoyed by the nursing group is associated with the additional human capital obtained through pursuing an academic concentration in nursing.
Effect of a Career Decision-Making Course on the Career Planning of Nursing Students
Authors: Hay Cindy Lund , Mitchell Lynda K , Allen Carol Easley 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study assessed whether participation in a structured career decision-making course would enhance the career planning of 42 final semester associate degree nursing students. Levels of career planning were measured by the Career Planning Scale (CPS) (Super, Thompson, Lindman, Jordaan, & Myers, 1982), and the Nursing Career Development Inventory (NCDI) (Savickas, 1984). Subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group received a fourweek career decision-making course, which included selfassessment of values, interests, and skills, and information on occupational opportunities in nursing. An ANOVA on the change scores from pretest to post-test revealed significance between the groups on the CPS (p = .002), and on the NCDI (p < .00001). The experimental group progressed much more in career planning. All subjects were found to have lower levels of career planning than the average college student at pretest. Intercorrelational data and multiple regression analyses indicated that individuals who had worked in a nursing-related field had higher levels of career planning. Overall, the course emerged as being effective in enhancing the career planning of nursing students.
Measuring Perceptions of the Exemplary Nurse
Authors: Llewellyn-Thomas H A , Sims-Jones N , Sutherland H J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Qualitative and quantitative data identifying and weighting the perceived importance of different attributes of the "exemplary" nurse were collected from nursing respondents at different points in their professional development. Statistically significant differences in the attribute weights reported by fourth-year students and graduate nurses were observed. Because their pool was qualitatively different, quantitative comparisons with first-year students were not possible. The results indicate that these methods may be useful in examining the processes whereby the members of different groups (eg, nursing students and faculty) formulate and modify their assumptions about their own and others' professional values.
Dimensions of Leadership of Assistant/Associate Deans in Collegiate Schools of Nursing
Authors: Rogers Mary Ann S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to discover whether there were differences in the perceptions of deans, assistant/associate deans, and faculty of leadership styles, initiating structure and consideration, and position power of assistant/associate deans in selected collegiate schools of nursing. In addition, the effect of leadership styles on performance as perceived by the three groups related to the position power of assistant/associate deans was also examined. Collegiate schools of nursing, identified as having a hierarchical organization structure with persons identified by the title "assistant/associate dean," were invited to participate. Data were collected from a sample of 36 collegiate nursing schools. The tools used were the Ohio State Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire, and the Fiedler Position Power Scale. Three questions were posed. A multi-variate analysis of testing the three hypotheses showed a significant difference between the three groups' perceptions of initiating structure, consideration, and position power. A main effect for initiating structure was found in the deans' perceptions of position power. A main effect for consideration was found in the perception of the faculty sampled.
Factors that Interfere with Clinical Judgments of Students' Performance
Authors: Orchard Carole 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A review of literature pertaining to clinical evaluation revealed six factors having the potential to interfere unconsciously with the clinical evaluative decisionmaking process of students' performance. This article provides a synopsis of the writers' views about these factors and provides potential actions to minimize their impact on the decision-making process. Actions are discussed in relation to educational preparation of nurse educators, orientation of new faculty to a program, and faculty practices.
The Use of Cognitive Style Mapping as a Predictor for Academic Success of First-Semester Diploma Nursing Students
Authors: Nortridge Judith A , Mayeux Virginia , Anderson Sandy J , Bell Michael L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study determined the relationship between the components of the cognitive map and the diploma nursing student's successful academic completion of the first semester. This ex post facto study applied the Modified Hill Cognitive Style Model (MHCSM) instrument; the final grade, the dependent variable, was intercorrelated with the instrument's 28 mapping elements. Data analysis indicated three positively correlated predictors: a preference for finding meaning from written words, for independent problem-solving, and for a logical deductive approach in decision-making. Four negatively correlated predictors included a preference for finding meaning from the spoken word, for finding meaning from sight, for problem-solving with peers, and for categorical reasoning. Implications applicable to nursing education are included.
Preceptor Development Programs: An Interpretive Approach
Authors: Rittman Maude R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The behavioral model commonly used in preceptor educational programs is inadequate for conveying the complexity of precepting. An interpretive approach is offered as an alternative for preceptor education. Using an interpretive approach is one way to extend our understanding of precepting as an educational process. A preceptor education program is described along with examples of narratives from preceptors. Interpretations of each narrative provide nurse educators with a model for utilizing narratives with preceptors. Themes of teaching, nursing as precepting, and timing are explored. Restoring the narrative to the nursing practice of precepting promises to recapture the richness and complexity of precepting.
The Relevance of Modelings' Ethics of Care to the Moral Education of Nurses
Authors: Crowley Margaret A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Noddings' ethics of care is proposed as a model for moral education in nursing. A discussion of Noddings1 moral theory is followed by a review of significant criticisms of her theory and her response to these criticisms. Finally, the usefulness of her moral theory as a guide to moral education in nursing is explored.
National Response to the Nursing Shortage: Implications for Nursing Education
Authors: Webber Pamela Bayliss 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The nursing shortage has been addressed at multiple levels in both the private and public sectors. This article offers an overview of the federal and organizational responses and an analysis of the implications for nursing education. Several initiatives being used by various schools of nursing to enhance their regional response are presented. In addition, the author also offers several recommendations designed to ensure that nursing education remains in a leadership position in the designing and implementation of initiatives that influence our outcomes.
University-College Collaboration: Rethinking Curriculum Development in Nursing Education
Authors: Hills Marcia D , Lindsey A Elizabeth , Chisamore Molly , Bassett-Smith Joan , Abbott Karen , Fournier-Chalmers Jacqueline 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The behavioral approach to curriculum development is inadequate to educate nurses to practice in the future health care system. As a result of a government initiative, a Canadian university and four community colleges had an opportunity to collaborate on development of a nursing program and thereby consider alternative approaches to curriculum development. This paper describes the process used to develop this curriculum and provides an overview of the curriculum development model that emerged. A community development process characterized by a commitment to be futuristic and visionary about nursing while making curriculum decisions was established. The curriculum model that emerged used a phenomenological exploration of our common vision for nursing in the future. The resulting curriculum is based on a human science paradigm that encourages nurses to work from a health promotion perspective with an ethic of caring.
Nursing Students' Knowledge and Anxiety About AIDS: An Experiential Workshop
Authors: Bower Dolores A , Webb Adele A , Stevens Dennis 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this quasiexperimental study was to examine the effectiveness of an experiential workshop on nursing students' anxiety and knowledge about AIDS. This study was based on Peplau's interpersonal theory in nursing practice.
The sample included 67 senior nursing students and was designed as a three-group pre/post quasiexperiment. All groups received a pretest, posttest, and 6-week follow-up posttest. The experimental intervention was a 6-hour workshop that included anxiety awareness exercises in an experiential format and information about AIDS.
Knowledge and anxiety scores were significantly higher for the group that attended the didactic portion of the workshop before the experiential portion. The control group showed no change in knowledge or anxiety. Results indicated that recognition of anxiety through experiential exercises contributed to learning about AIDS.
Does Constructivist Epistemology Have a Place in Nurse Education?
Authors: Peters Matt 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nursing students who undertake the bachelor of nursing degree program are adults, many of whom are considered mature students. As such, they have significant life experiences and a vast amount of knowledge that has been acquired both formally and informally. Much of formal education historically, and even today, is content and curriculum driven, and teacher focused. Constructivist epistemology offers an alternative to traditional pedagogy in that it is student focused and considers previous learning done by the students as a foundation upon which to modify, build, and expand new knowledge. Constructivism also appears to be congruent with adult education theory and therefore offers great potential for the enhancement of self-directed learning. It enhances empowered learning because of the consideration of prior knowledge and the ownership of learning by the students. Implicit in this is the development of metacognitive skills that are an important facet of active and self-directed learning.
As a result of undergraduate learning within a constructivist framework, there are likely to be benefits for nurses in the practice setting for making the transition from inexperienced to experienced practitioners. Constructivist learning frameworks provide learning skills that enhance knowledge acquisition with understanding.
Verbal and Cognitive Activities Between and Among Students and Faculty in Clinical Conferences
Authors: Rossignol Marycarol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study analyzes verbal and cognitive activities between and among students and faculty during 30 postconference sessions. Data indicate that faculty used a student-centered model to structure conferences and encourage students' verbal participation (student dialogue 58% of total conference Unes). Students assumed the teaching role surpassing teachers in use of all pedagogical activities: lecturing (62%), soliciting (52%), responding (74%), and reacting (62%). Verbal interactions in conferences were described as lively with cooperative student-faculty relationships. One-fourth of conference discourse was spent in high cognitive levels with faculty employing high cognitive levels more often (27%) than their students (24%). Emphasis is placed on the role of faculty to coach for cognition by carefully monitoring cognitive levels in discourse to encourage higher levels in thinking and extension of student thought.
Performance Expectations of the Associate Degree Nurse Graduate within the First Six Months
Authors: Diede Nancy , McNish Gayle , Coose Carol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Oklahoma Associate Degree Nursing Directors Council was determined to be proactive in defining the role of the associate degree registered nurse (ADN) within the evolving health care delivery system. A task force was formed by the Council to design and implement strategies for defining the emerging roles. Strategies included surveying health care employers on the performance expectations of the ADN graduates within the first six months of employment. The employers were asked to determine the importance of various functions and abilities that the ADN graduates may or may not possess. Surveys returned were representative of a variety of rural and urban agencies throughout the state and bordering areas. Responses were grouped into 21 categories. Ranked highest was the ability to demonstrate verbal and written communication effectively with accountability to the employer and personal attributes such as open-mindedness, flexibility, and receptiveness to criticism ranked second and third. The lowest rankings received were for competency with fiscal management. The results of the survey highlight the continued need to stress strong communication skills, as well as professional accountability throughout the educational process.
Health Behaviors of Nursing Students: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Clément Madeleine , Jankowski Louis W , Bouchard Louise , Perreault Michel , Lepage Yves 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To ascertain the degree to which a health science curriculum may influence health-related behaviors among students, nine selected health behaviors of 52 undergraduate nursing students were studied for 3 consecutive years and compared to those of a similar group of education students. In addition, the health behaviors of both student groups were compared to those of the general population. During the study, the nursing students had no significant alterations in the observed health behaviors, and no significant differences were observed between the health behaviors of the two groups of students. Both groups manifested certain health behaviors that were significantly different from the general population. However, nursing students were observed more frequently to be significantly different from the general population. A 3-year nursing curriculum may have facilitated the adoption of some personal health behaviors, but the time demands of academic life may have induced students to reduce time-consuming health behaviors, such as getting enough sleep, eating breakfast, and exercising.
Megalocornea: A Clinical and Echographic Study of an Autosomal Dominant Pedigree
Authors: Kraft Stephen P , Judisch G Frank , Grayson Donald M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A family with au t oso mal dominant megalocornea was studied clinically and echographically. The anterior chamber angles, intraocular pressures and axial lengths were all normal. These findings strongly support the dualist proposition which contends that e ti o logic ally, megalocornea and congenital glaucoma are distinct.
Binocular Diplopia Associated With Retinal Wrinkling
Authors: Bixenman Wayne W , Joffe Leonard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Four patients with retinal wrinkling and epiretinal membrane formation presented with a unique clinical syndrome consisting of comitant, small angle hyperdeviations with intractable vertical diplopia, and unstable single vision with a failure to respond to conventional prism therapy.
The pathophysiology underlying this presentation appears to be the establishment of a rivalry between central and peripheral fusional mechanisms due to mechanical macular distortion.
Complications Following Surgery for Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Metz Henry S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A marked reaction postoperatively was noted following strabismus surgery for thyroid ophthalmopathy. Preoperatively, the right eye was noted to have a small amount of lower nasal conjunctival injection and Chemosis while the left eye was quiet. Only the right eye had the severe inflammatory reaction postoperatively, while the left eye responded normally.
The findings included marked proptosis, Chemosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal exposure and drying with a sterile ring infiltrate, corneal thinning and vascularization, and ocular immobility. The treatment and course of these complications is described. It is suggested that muscle surgery be deferred in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy when there are signs of continued inflammation.
Good Visual Result Following Early Penetrating Keratoplasty for Peters' Anomaly
Authors: Cameron James A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Visual results following penetrating keratoplasty for congenital corneal opacities have been generally disappointing, prompting many ophthalmologists to recommend no surgery for congenital, monocular corneal opacities.
A 14-day-old boy had a penetrating keratoplasty performed for unilateral Peters' anomaly and microcornea.
Visual acuity 49 months after surgery was 20/40 and peripheral fusion was present.
Early surgery with early suture removal, amblyopia therapy, frequent clinical examinations, and motivated, well-informed parents were important factors in obtaining a good visual result.
Myoblast Transfer Therapy in the Treatment of Ptosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Baker Robert S , Bonner Philip H , Porter John D , Madhat Maher N , Gross John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Congenital ptosis with poor levator function is now managed by frontalis suspension techniques. While this procedure is better than those used in the past, serious shortcomings exist. A technique producing more normal lid function would be a beneficial addition to surgical management. Since congenital ptosis is thought to be a focal myopathy, we investigated the potential of myoblast transfer therapy in myopathic levator palpebrae superioris.
Satellite cells harvested from temporalis muscle were grown as clones, labeled with Dil, and transplanted into experimentally myopathic levator muscle of the same animal. Within 2 weeks, the injected cells were found to be incorporated into muscle fibers within the levator basal lamina. The control side appeared myopathic with very little muscle regeneration. The presence of Dil labeled muscle fibers in the experimental muscles strongly suggests their origin from the injected cells. Electron microscopy of nearby sections showed these fibers to be maturing striated muscle.
We feel that the development of this technique may make autogenous myoblast transfer therapy a useful treatment for congenital ptosis and other focal myopathies.
Ocular Implications of Long-Term Prednisone Therapy in Children
Authors: Kaye Laurence D , Kalenak Jeffrey W , Price Ronald L , Cunningham Robert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared 23 patients (ages 4 to 18 years) who were receiving long-term oral prednisone therapy with 31 normal controls (ages 7 to 16 years). Indications for corticosteroid treatment included renal transplant in 11 patients, nephrotic syndrome in 7, glomerulonephritis in 4, and vasculitis without renal disease in 1. The mean duration of prednisone therapy was 5.0 ± 3.5 years, and the mean dose at the time of examination was 0.29 ± 0.18 mg/kg/day. Mean intraocular pressure was 16.0 ± 3.0 mm Hg (range, 12 to 25 mm Hg) in the prednisone group and 15.4 ± 2.1 mm Hg (range, 12 to 20 mm Hg) in the control group. The difference between the means was 0.6 mm Hg (P = 0.35). Posterior subcapsular cataracts were present in seven (30%) of the prednisone patients, but in none of the controls (P = .001). None of the cataracts were visually significant. We found no evidence that pediatric patients on long-term, low-dose prednisone have higher intraocular pressures (IOPs) than normal children, although they are more likely to develop posterior subcapsular cataracts.
The Effect of Torsional Muscle Dysfunction and Surgery on Eye Position Under General Anesthesia
Authors: McCall Laurie C , Isenberg Sherwin J , Apt Leonard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Under general anesthesia, normal eyes exhibit 2.0° to 2.5° of extorsion. To investigate the effect of torsional muscle dysfunction and surgery on eye position under general anesthesia, we measured the torsional change before and after torsional muscle surgery in 26 eyes of 18 patients with clinical torsional muscle dysfunction.
Under general anesthesia, compared with normals, eyes with preoperative intorter overaction or extorter underaction demonstrated a significant intorsional change (P < .01). However, eyes with intorter underaction or extorter overaction did not demonstrate a significant extorsional change.
Postoperatively, while patients remained under general anesthesia, intorter weakening procedures produced measurable extorsion while intorter strengthening procedures and extorter weakening procedures produced measurable intorsion. Superior oblique tenotomy produced a greater net torsional change than inferior oblique weakening surgery (P < .01).
Under general anesthesia, eyes with preoperative torsional muscle dysfunction exhibit torsion in the direction consistent with the dysfunction. After surgery on the torsional muscles, a measurable torsional effect can be demonstrated while the patient is still under general anesthesia.
Secondary Exotropia: A Retrospective Analysis of Matched Cases
Authors: Bradbury J A , Doran R M L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Secondary exotropia, that is exotropia following surgery for esotropia, remains frustratingly common, even among experienced strabismologists. In this study, we have compared a group of secondary exotropia cases with a matched group of cases of residual esotropia. Of the factors analyzed, only the presence of an A- or V-pattern preoperatively (P = .0077), the presence of limited postoperative adduction (P < .001), and postoperative binocular function (P = .0073) identified the secondary exotropes. The presence of reduced adduction postoperatively in subjects with secondary exotropia was a poor prognostic sign with 11 of the 13 cases requiring further surgery for poor cosmesis. The authors suggest two subclassifications of secondary exotropia.