bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B core‐related antigen predicts disease progression and hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B e antigen‐negative chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Kurosaki Masayuki , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Hayakawa Yuka , Yamashita Koji , Osawa Leona , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Yasui Yutaka , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) is considered a surrogate marker of the amount and activity of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA. This study aims to investigate the virological characteristics of HBcrAg in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and to reveal the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk factors of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative patients.MethodsHepatitis B core‐related antigen was measured in 245 naive CHB patients before receiving nucleoside/nucleotide analog (NA) therapy. All patients were receiving NA (entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide) continuously for more than 1 year until the end of follow‐up, and they did not have a history of HCC. Hepatitis B viral status was compared between 106 HBeAg‐positive and 139 HBeAg‐negative patients.ResultsMedian HBcrAg levels were significantly higher in HBeAg‐positive patients than in HBeAg‐negative patients (> 6.8 vs 3.7 log U/mL, P < 0.01). In HBeAg‐negative patients, higher HBcrAg levels were associated with cirrhosis (119 chronic hepatitis/20 cirrhosis = 3.5/4.7 log U/mL, P = 0.03) and higher serum hepatitis B virus DNA. During a median follow‐up of 5.28 (1.03–12.0) years, the 5‐year cumulative HCC incidence rate was 5.4% in the HBeAg‐negative cohort. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, higher HBcrAg levels at 1 year were independent predictive factors for HCC development in HBeAg‐negative patients who received NA therapy (cutoff value, 4.1 log U/mL; hazard ratio, 6.749; 95% confidence interval, 1.334–34.15, P < 0.01) and even in non‐cirrhosis patients.ConclusionHepatitis B core‐related antigen was useful for understanding disease progression in CHB patients and for stratifying the risk for carcinogenesis in HBeAg‐negative patients receiving NA therapy.
Nursing and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fields Lorraine , Perkiss Stephanie , Dean Bonnie Amelia , Moroney Tracey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeIn 2015, all member states that comprise the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of ambitious and inclusive targets toward global economic, social, and environmental betterment. Nurses have a key role to play in the achievement of the SDGs. The aim of this article was to conduct a scoping review to synthesize the literature related to nursing and the SDGs.MethodsThis scoping review utilized Arksey and O’Malley’s five‐stage framework. Several electronic databases were searched for literature published from 2015 to 2020 using the key words “nurse OR nurses OR nursing” and “Sustainable Development Goals OR SDGs”.FindingsA total of 447 articles were identified through the databases searches, of which 35 articles were deemed relevant and included for final review and content analysis. Analysis of relevant literature on nursing and the SDGs revealed two distinct, yet connected, perspectives: the nurse and the profession.ConclusionsIndividual nurses may feel disconnected from the SDGs and struggle to relate the goals to their clinical role, calling for an increase in awareness and education on the goals. The wider profession could also increase both research and policy with relation to the SDGs, strengthening nursing’s position to have a voice in and contribute towards achievement of the goals.Clinical RelevanceIndividual nurses and the wider nursing profession have opportunities to more meaningfully contribute to the SDGs, beginning with an increased awareness through education and a commitment to research and participation in local and global decision making.
The effects of online consumer credit on household consumption level and structure: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Jie , Song Quanyun , Wu Yu , Huang Bihong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2017, this paper examines the association between access to online consumer credit and household consumption. We find that online consumer credit has a significantly positive relationship with household consumption. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the relationship between online consumer credit and household consumption is more obvious among poorer households and households resided in less developed areas, which partially reflects the inclusiveness of online consumer credit. Further analysis shows that online consumer credit mainly increases the expenditures of large‐sum and non‐daily items, which suggests that online consumer credit has promoted consumption upgrading of households.
‘A picture is worth a thousand words’—A photovoice study exploring health professionals’ experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Badanta Bárbara , Acevedo‐Aguilera Rosa , Lucchetti Giancarlo , de Diego‐Cordero Rocío 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo elicit the experiences and perspectives of health professionals working on the frontline in the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundAlthough some qualitative studies have been carried out in health professionals during COVID‐19 pandemic, to our knowledge, no study has used the Photovoice method.DesignA qualitative descriptive study using Photovoice was carried out between March and June 2020.MethodsA total of 20 health professionals were recruited from public and private healthcare services. The participants were invited to share photographs about their experiences while working during COVID‐19 pandemic. Following the Photovoice method, audio‐recorded interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using the ‘SHOWED’ mnemonic, with five questions answered about each photograph. The EQUATOR checklist has been used.Results/FindingsThree themes emerged: (1) Personal attitudes of health professionals; (2) Support from the community; and (3) Management of institutional resources. Despite the fact that health professionals in this study were exposed to major risks while caring for patients with COVID‐19’ they felt a strong sense of responsibility towards the community. In order to handle these stressful situations, they used coping mechanisms, good humour and leisure, but also received support from the population, who saw them as highly skilled health professionals.ConclusionThese findings highlight the essential role of health professionals in the COVID‐19 pandemic and the tireless work they are carrying out to provided highly skilled care.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings could contribute to raise awareness on the needs of health professionals during the pandemic, allowing managers to plan strategies to ensure the safety, and well‐being of these professionals, as well as adopting similar strategies in their practice to create a space for critical reflection through participatory approaches.
Understanding the decision‐making of critical care nurses when restraining a patient with psychomotor agitation secondary to hyperactive delirium: A ‘Think Aloud’ study.
Authors: Teece Angela , Baker John , Smith Helen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims & ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the decision‐making processes undertaken by critical care nurses when considering restraint to manage a patient with psychomotor agitation secondary to hyperactive delirium.BackgroundPsychomotor agitation is frequently cited as clinical rationale for initiating chemical or physical restraint. Despite the presence of clinical guidance for restraint in critical care, wide variations in nursing and prescribing practice are evident. Nurses are the primary decision makers when initiating restraint, but little is known about this process and influencing factors.DesignA pragmatic qualitative approach was used to explore critical care nurses’ decision‐making processes.MethodsA ‘think aloud’ approach was undertaken. Audio‐visual vignettes featuring simulated patients were used as stimulus to elicit decision‐making processes from thirty critical care nurses and practitioners. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsFive themes relating to restraint were identified: Intrinsic beliefs and aptitudes; Handover and labelling; Failure to maintain a consistent approach; Restraint might be used to replace vigilance; The tyranny of the now.ConclusionsRestraint was more frequent when staffing ratios were reduced below 1:1 and opportunities for vigilance reduced. Participants described physical and psychological exhaustion when caring for a patient with delirium and how this might lead to restraint to create ‘space’ for respite. Variations in practice were evident and restraint use appears rooted in custom and culture rather than objective assessment.Relevance to clinical practiceThe lack of pre‐emptive management for hyperactive delirium and reduced staffing ratios lead to the decision to restrain to preserve safety in acute agitation. The struggle to manage agitated behaviour is associated with nurse burnout and reduced engagement with therapeutic management methods, suggesting the need for psychological and educational support for clinical staff. Delirium is an important and debilitating form of organ dysfunction which should be collaboratively managed by the multi‐disciplinary team.
Developing a theory to help guide End‐Stage Renal Disease Patients to adapt to Peritoneal Dialysis: A grounded theory study
Authors: Chen Shui‐Tao , Yao YuChun , Tseng Yun Shan , Sun Fan‐Ko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesThe aim of this study was to develop a theory to help guide patients with end‐stage renal disease to adapt to peritoneal dialysis.BackgroundTaiwan ranks first worldwide in end‐stage renal disease incidence and dialysis prevalence. Many patients cannot accept long‐term dialysis treatment and thus face several physical and psychological suffering. No theory has yet been developed to help guide patients with end‐stage renal disease to adapt to peritoneal dialysis.DesignA grounded theory approach was used in this study.MethodsA theoretical sampling was performed after interviewing 25 patients who had adapted to peritoneal dialysis at a medical centre in Taiwan from January 2018 to September 2018; data saturation was achieved. Data were analysed using open, axial and selective coding and while using the constant comparison technique. COREQ reporting guidelines were utilised.ResultsA substantive theory was developed to help guide patients with end‐stage renal disease to adapt to peritoneal dialysis. The core category that emerged from the data collected was ‘Confronting peritoneal dialysis to live and co‐exist with peritoneal dialysis’. Other key categories linked to and embraced in this core category were as follows: positive self‐regulation, regulation of daily life and the process of adaptation to dialysis method.ConclusionThe results could help healthcare professionals to better understand the process of end‐stage renal disease patients’ adaptation to peritoneal dialysis, thereby facilitating patients’ adaptation to dialysis in their daily life, enhancing their quality of life and improving the quality of medical care.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals could use this theory as reference when providing care for peritoneal dialysis patients to assist them in adapting to life with peritoneal dialysis as soon as possible through positive self‐regulation, daily life adjustments and the process of adapting to the dialysis method.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxycycline in aStreptococcusequisubsp.zooepidemicusinfection model in horses
Authors: Chapuis Ronan J. J. , Smith Joe S. , Uehlinger Fabienne D. , Meachem Melissa , Johnson Ron , Dowling Patricia M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and the efficacy of oral administration of doxycycline (DXC) in horses withStreptococcus zooepidemicustissue infections. Tissue chambers (TC) were implanted subcutaneously in the cervical region of 7 horses and inoculated with a singleS. zooepidemicusisolate with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25 µg/ml, determined by agar dilution. Doxycycline hyclate (10 mg/kg, orally, q 12 h, for 5 days) mixed with poloxamer gel was started following inoculation. The TC fluid was sampled prior to and following inoculation for cytology analysis, quantitative culture, and DXC determination. Plasma DXC concentrations were measured over 48 h following the last dose of DXC administered. The mean plasma peak concentration (Cmax) of DXC was 0.32 µg/ml, and concentrations above the MIC were only reached in 3 TC samples. In plasma, meanT > MIC was 2.4 h, meanCmax/MIC was 1.30, and mean AUClast/MIC was 11.63 h. These PK/PD indices did not reach the suggested targets for DXC treatments of infections, and the TC abscessed in all horses. This is the first study to evaluate the recommended dose of DXC in horse in an infection model.
Mortality in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Singh Shreya , Verma Nipun , Kanaujia Rimjhim , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReports of COVID‐19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are rising, but the associated mortality and factors affecting it are not well‐characterised. We performed a systematic review including 20 peer‐reviewed English language studies reporting mortality in CAPA published till 18 February 2021from PubMed, Ovid SP, Web of Science, Embase and CINHAL. The pooled mortality in CAPA was 51.2% (95% CI: 43.1–61.1, I2 = 38%). The leave one out sensitivity analysis and influential case diagnostics revealed one outlier and its exclusion resulted in a mortality estimate of 54% (95% CI: 45–62). Higher odds of mortality: 2.83 (95% CI: 1.8–4.5) were seen in CAPA compared to controls. No significant difference in various subgroups according to the country of study, the continent of study, income category of country and quality of the included study was seen. None of the host risk factors, mycological test results, therapy for COVID‐19 and antifungal therapy affected mortality. Thus, patients with CAPA have a high probability of mortality and early diagnosis with prompt therapy must be ensured to optimally manage these patients. However, more prospective studies with global and multi‐centre coordination may help to address CAPA in a better way.
GAB1 overexpression identifies hedgehog‐activated anterior skull base meningiomas
Authors: Boetto Julien , Lerond Julie , Peyre Matthieu , Tran Suzanne , Marijon Pauline , Kalamarides Michel , Bielle Franck 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsMutations activating the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway have been described in anterior skull base meningiomas, raising hope for the use of targeted therapies. However, identification of Hh‐activated tumours is hampered by the lack of a reliable immunohistochemical marker. We report the evaluation of GAB1, an immunohistochemical marker used to detect Hh pathway activation in medulloblastoma, as a potential marker of Hh‐activated meningiomas.MethodsGAB1 staining was compared to SMO mutation detection with Sanger and NGS techniques as well as Hh pathway activation study through mRNA expression level analyses in a discovery set of 110 anterior skull base meningiomas and in a prospective validation set of 21 meningiomas.ResultsUsing an expression score ranging from 0 to 400, we show that a cut‐off score of 250 lead to excellent detection of Hh pathway mutations (sensitivity 100%, specificity 86%). The prospective validation set confirmed the excellent negative predictive value of GAB1 to exclude Hh‐independent meningiomas. We describe a large series of 32 SMO‐mutant meningiomas and define multiple ways of Hh activation, either through somatic mutations or associated with mutually co‐exclusive sonic hedgehog (SHH) or Indian hedgehog (IHH) overexpression independent of the mutations.ConclusionThe assessment of GAB1 expression by an immunohistochemical score is a fast and cost‐efficient tool to screen anterior skull base meningiomas for activation of the Hh pathway. It could facilitate the identification of selected cases amenable to sequencing for Hh pathway genes as predictive markers for targeted therapy.
A novel BLOC1S5‐related HPS‐11 patient and zebrafish with bloc1s5 disruption
Authors: Zhong Zilin , Wu Zhuanbin , Zhang Jun , Chen Jianjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHermansky–Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) cases present with a variable degree of OCA and bleeding tendency. HPS is categorized into eleven types based on eleven causative genes, and disease severity varies among different types. By whole‐exome sequencing performed on a family trio and Sanger sequencing of candidate variants, we identified a novel homozygous variant (NM_201280.3: c.181delC, p.Val61*) in BLOC1S5 in the patient who presents OCA and mild bleeding diathesis, and his healthy parents are heterozygous carriers. The variant can be considered pathogenic based on the guideline American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, and the patient is proposed to be affected with HPS‐11. In this study, we also explored bloc1s5 in zebrafish. bloc1s5 mRNA can be detected during early development of zebrafish. bloc1s5 knockdown zebrafish present with retinal hypopigmentation, thrombocytes loss and pericardial edema, and dll4/notch1 signaling and vascular integrity signaling are down‐regulated at mRNA level in bloc1s5 morphants. The data from the first HPS‐11 patient in Chinese population expand phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of HPS‐11. Disruption of bloc1s5 in zebrafish recapitulates HPS‐11‐like phenotypes, and the potential signaling pathways associated with bloc1s5 are proposed. Altogether, this study may facilitate genetic counseling of HPS and investigation about BLOC1S5.
Granulosa cells affect in vitro maturation and subsequent parthenogenetic development of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Haoxin , Lu Jiaka , Yu Qing , Fu Penghui , Li Zhengda , Feng Yun , Wang Yanxin , Deng Yanfei , Shi Deshun , Lu Fenghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGranulosa cells (GCs) play a crucial role in follicular development and atresia. Previous studies have showed that GCs in the form of monolayer influenced in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes. However, the effects of GCs in the form of conditioned medium and monolayer on IVM and development competence of buffalo oocytes remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the impacts of GC‐conditioned medium (GCCM) and monolayer GC on maturation efficiency and embryo development of buffalo oocytes after parthenogenetic activation (PA). Our results showed that GCCM that was collected on day 2 and added to IVM medium at a 20% proportional level (2 days and 20%) exerted significant negative effects on IVM rate (41.6% vs. 44.5%), but significantly enhanced embryo development (oocyte cleavage, 81.3% vs. 69.3%; blastocyst formation, 36.3% vs. 29.3%) of buffalo oocytes after PA compared with the control group. Furthermore, monolayer GC significantly reduced both maturation efficiency (40.2% vs. 44.5%) and embryo development (oocyte cleavage, 60.6% vs. 69.3%; blastocyst formation, 20.6% vs. 29.3%) of buffalo oocytes after PA compared to the control group. Our study indicated that GCs in the form of GCCM (2 days and 20%) and monolayer GC had different effects on IVM and subsequent parthenogenetic development of buffalo oocytes.
Changing Jerome’s Bible: Biblical quotations in the patristic translations of Lampugnino Birago (1390–1472) and George of Trebizond (1396–1472/3)☆
Authors: den Haan Annet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe fifteenth‐century Italian humanists applied their ideas on translation and textual scholarship not only to classical texts, but also to Scripture. One problem they encountered was the rendering of biblical passages in their patristic translations. The Church Fathers had occasionally based their exegesis on variant readings or interpretations that clashed with ‘Jerome’s translation’, the Latin translation in common use in the fifteenth century and traditionally ascribed to Jerome. When the patristic source text demanded it, changing Jerome’s translation was therefore surely justified – but perhaps it was justified in other cases too. This article analyses how humanist translators treated biblical quotations in patristic texts, focusing on the Latin translations of Basil’s Hexaemeron by Lampugnino Birago (1390–1472) and Cyril’s Commentary on John by George of Trebizond (1396–1472/3), and explores what their practice can tell us about humanist approaches to translation and the biblical text.
Revisiting time as a trade barrier: Evidence from a panel structural gravity model
Authors: Oberhofer Harald , Pfaffermayr Michael , Sellner Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the evidence on the effects of time spent on border‐crossing procedures for international trade using a theory‐consistent structural gravity model. We exploit a rich panel dataset including domestic trade flows and employ a recent econometric estimator that exhibits favorable asymptotic properties for inference. The results indicate a significant negative effect of the time required for border procedures that is driven by the time needed for document preparation. We find that an additional day spent on those procedures corresponds to an ad valorem tariff equivalent of 0.4 percentage points. The parameters of our structural model are used to simulate three counterfactual scenarios, quantifying the effect of past and potential future trade facilitation efforts for middle‐, low‐, and high‐income countries. Full endowment general equilibrium effects suggest that in times of stagnating multilateral and bilateral trade liberalization efforts, unilateral implementation of trade facilitation carries the potential to induce an alternative stimulus for trade and welfare, especially for low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Curved wedges in the long‐time asymptotics for the integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Rybalko Yan , Shepelsky Dmitry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider the Cauchy problem for the integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation , with a step‐like boundary values: as and as for all , where is a constant. In a recent paper, we presented the long‐time asymptotics of the solution of this problem along the rays , where is a constant. In the present paper, we extend the asymptotics into a region that is asymptotically closer to the ray than any of these rays. We specify a one‐parameter family of wedges in the ‐plane, with curved boundaries, characterized by qualitatively different asymptotic behavior of , and present the main asymptotic terms for each wedge. Particularly, for wedges within , we show that the solution decays as with depending on the wedge. For wedges within , we show that the asymptotics has an oscillatory nature, with the phase functions specific for each wedge and depending on a slow variable parameterizing the wedges.