bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Autoreactive CD4 T Cells by FoxO1 Signaling in CNS Autoimmunity
Authors: Kraus Emma E. , Kakuk-Atkins Laura , Farinas Marissa F. , Jeffers Mathew , Lovett-Racke Amy E. , Yang Yuhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMyelin-specific CD4 T effector cells (Teffs), Th1 and Th17 cells, are encephalitogenic in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-defined murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and implicated in MS pathogenesis. Forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) is a conserved effector molecule in PI3K/Akt signaling and critical in the differentiation of CD4 T cells into T helper subsets. However, it is still unclear whether FoxO1 may be a target for redirecting CD4 T cell differentiation and benefit CNS autoimmunity. MethodsUsing a selective FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856, we determined the effects of FoxO1 inhibition in regulating myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 cells, and the transcriptional balance of T-bet and Foxp3 in myelin-specific CD4 T cells from EAE mice. The effects of AS1842856 in regulating the encephalitogenicity of myelin-specific T cells and the expansion of human Th1 cells from MS patients were also characterized. Furthermore, we characterized the potential role of FoxO1 in mediating PD-1 signaling in CD4 T cells, critical for regulating Teff and Treg cells. ResultsInhibition of FoxO1 suppressed the differentiation and expansion of Th1 cells. Moreover, the transdifferentiation of Th17 cells into encephalitogenic Th1-like cells was suppressed by FoxO1 inhibition upon reactivation of myelin-specific CD4 T cells from mice with EAE. When FoxO1 was inhibited in myelin-specific CD4 T cells, the transcriptional balance skewed from the Th1 transcription factor T-bet toward the Treg transcription factor Foxp3. Myelin-specific CD4 T cells treated with the FoxO1 inhibitor were less encephalitogenic in adoptive transfer EAE studies compared to control-treated cells. Inhibition of FoxO1 in T cells from MS patients significantly suppressed the expansion of Th1 cells. Furthermore, the immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-induced Foxp3 expression in CD4 T cells was impaired by FoxO1 inhibition, consistent with a bias toward Treg induction. ConclusionsThese data illustrate an important role of FoxO1 signaling in CNS autoimmunity via regulating autoreactive Teff and Treg balance.
Droplet-based single cell RNA sequencing of bacteria identifies known and previously unseen cellular states
Authors: Rosenthal Adam , McNulty Ryan , Sritha Duluxan , Liu Shichen , Hormoz Sahand 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Clonal bacterial populations rely on transcriptional variation to differentiate into specialized cell states that increase the community’s fitness. Such heterogeneous gene expression is implicated in many fundamental microbial processes including sporulation, cell communication, detoxification, substrate utilization, competence, biofilm formation, motility, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance1. To identify these specialized cell states and determine the processes by which they develop, we need to study isogenic bacterial populations at the single cell level2,3. Here, we develop a method that uses DNA probes and leverages an existing commercial microfluidic platform (10X Chromium) to conduct bacterial single cell RNA sequencing. We sequenced the transcriptome of over 15,000 individual bacterial cells, detecting on average 365 transcripts mapping to 265 genes per cell in B. subtilis and 329 transcripts mapping to 149 genes per cell in E. coli. Our findings correctly identify known cell states and uncover previously unreported cell states. Interestingly, we find that some metabolic pathways segregate into distinct subpopulations across different bacteria and growth conditions, suggesting that some cellular processes may be more prone to differentiation than others. Our high throughput, highly resolved single cell transcriptomic platform can be broadly used for understanding heterogeneity in microbial populations.
Study on Removal Mechanism and Surface Quality of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al&nbsp;Composites Based on Meso-scale
Authors: Jin Po , Gao Qi , Wang Quanzhao , Li Wenbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The milling process of SiCp/Al composites with high volume fraction and large particle size has been studied in this paper. The stress and strain distribution of SiC reinforced particles and the removal mechanism of the material are analysed. The effects of milling depth and feed per tooth on surface quality were analysed. The effect of feed per tooth on the thickness of subsurface damage layer is revealed. The results show that in the end milling process of high volume fraction SiCp/Al composites, the blade diameter is larger relative to the particle size, which leads to the main removal forms of particle size: extrusion crushing and rolling crushing. The surface defects of the machined workpiece mainly include cavity, crack and delamination caused by extrusion of aluminum matrix. The surface quality of the machined workpiece can be improved by increasing the milling depth appropriately. The increase of the feed rate of each tooth will lead to the increase of the surface defect of the machined workpiece and the deterioration of the surface quality. When the feed rate per tooth increases from 4 to 8 μm, the thickness of subsurface damage increases from 47.7 to 60.5 μm. It is found that the ratio between the minimum cutting thickness of SiCp/Al composites and the radius of the cutting edge should be less than or equal to 4%.
WITHDRAWN: Design and Implementation of Wearable Microstrip Fabric Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting
Authors: kumar T. Rubesh , Madhavan Moorthi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In 5G network, the key parts are millimeter wave band (mmWave band) involving 26 GHz & 28 GHz which aims to solve issues related to traffic using its wide bandwidth. Features of 5G such as transmitters with high directivity, wide bandwidth and base station with high density project it as a promising source of RF energy harvesting. In order to harvest RF power from the full spectrum in an efficient way, broadband antenna design is demanded. This paper focuses on designing wearable microstrip fabric antenna operating in 5G spectrum at 26 GHz & 28 GHz for RF energy harvesting. Impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 20 GHz to 30 GHz exhibiting omnidirectional pattern of radiation with on-body gain with a peak value of 7 dB making it suitable for harvesting RF energy. On body radiation efficiency & off body radiation efficiency are obtained as 40% and 60% when operating in the frequency range of 24 GHz & 30 GHz. In mmWave band, dielectric characterization of a two line fabric substrate microstrip antenna is obtained. Fabrication of the antenna is done using polyimide copper laminates etched with ultra thin size 150 µm on a woven polyester substrate of 310 µm thickness. Improved gain and stable bandwidth are achieved from the proposed antenna design when demonstrated in human proximity providing high robustness.
Palladium Catalyzed α,β-Homodiarylation of Vinyl Esters in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Ostaszewski Ryszard , Trzepizur Damian , Brodzka Anna , Koszelewski Dominik , Wilk Monika 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A palladium catalyzed 1,2-diarylation of vinyl esters with sustainable arylbornic acids in water has been developed. This newly elaborated protocol features good functional group tolerance and provides a one-step access to 1,2-diaryletahol derivatives under mild reaction conditions. The presented reaction can be carried out in water smoothly without the addition of any ligands at ambient temperature what makes this procedure environmentally benign. The transformation occurs within a single catalytic cycle and is feasible due to the modification of transition metal catalytic activity through the influence of π-acceptor olefin (benzoquinone) as well as the polar protic reaction medium (water in particular). Moreover, the protocol allows to generate entire compounds libraries (highly profitable in medicinal chemistry) and utilizes sustainable arylboronic acid as coupling partners under mild conditions.
Multi-spindle drilling of Al2024 alloy and the effect of TiAlN and TiSiN coated carbide drills for productivity improvement
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Tolouei-Rad Majid , Giasin Khaled 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High precision drilling is required to ensure the structural integrity of the aircraft. Therefore, strict quality controls are required to ensure optimum hole quality since hundreds of thousands of holes are drilled into different aircraft structures. The large number of holes required for riveting means that their installation must be carried out in a fast and precise manner. This can be achieved using multi-head drilling tools that can drill several holes simultaneously. The current study investigated the use of a multi-spindle drill head that can produce three holes simultaneously. Uncoated carbide and TiAlN- and TiSiN- coated carbide drills were used to assess cutting forces, hole surface roughness, burr formations and tool condition when machining Al2024 aerospace alloy under dry machining conditions. Analysis of variance was employed for estimating the relationships between the input parameters (spindle speed, feed and tool coating) and the studied hole quality metrics. Further, a regression model was developed with a regression coefficient \(\left({\text{R}}^{2}\right)\) of more than 90% for the prediction of measured responses. Interestingly, better results in lower thrust force and surface roughness were obtained using the uncoated carbide drills compared with TiAlN and TiSiN. While the performance of TiAlN was found to be better than those obtained from TiSiN.
Propagation in Vitro and Experimental Field Cultivation ex Situ of Pulsatilla Turczaninovii Kryl. et Serg. (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Hanus-Fajerska Ewa Joanna , Kocot Dawid , Koźmińska Aleksandra , Wiszniewska Alina , Muszyńska Ewa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pulsatilla turczaninovii is an important medicinal plant and a material also appreciated by gardeners for its high ornamental value. In this study we assessed the efficiency of reproduction under in vitro conditions of this important representative of the world flora. First, the germination percentage and the following plant development during three growing seasons were assessed, then we tested the possibilities of multiplication by in vitro culture methods. Our study provided new insight on biochemical background of generating adventitious roots in Pulsatilla considered difficult-to-rooting. The germination percentage of studied population reached about 55%. The highest multiplication coefficient of micro-rosettes in tissue culture, amounting to 5.17, was achieved using modified MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L-1 2iP and 1 mg L-1 IAA. We proved that in comparison with standard auxin-supplemented rooting medium, the treatment with addition of 1.0 mg L-1 ethylene precursor ACC elevated adventitious rooting by about 20%. The biochemical analyses revealed that total content of soluble sugars was the most impactful biomarker of adventitious rhizogenesis in studied species. Concentration of sugars was positively correlated with rooting efficiency, while the level of phenolic compounds was positively correlated with the root length and their number regenerated per single rosette.
The Contribution of Autism-Related Common Variants to the Familial Aggregation of Quantitative Autistic Traits
Authors: Wagner Rachael E. , Howells William , Johnson Emma C. , Agrawal Arpana , Lowe Jennifer K. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Constantino John N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have been employed to predict ASD diagnosis in the general population (Nagelkerke’s R2=2.45%). Critically, large genetic epidemiological studies have demonstrated that family members of affected individuals exhibit subclinical quantitative autistic traits (QAT), suggesting that diagnosed ASD is the pathological tail of a continuous distribution of QAT. Recent molecular genetic studies have reinforced these findings by uncovering a genetic correlation between ASD and QAT in the general population, emphasizing the importance of employing QAT in GWAS. Yet no study to date has examined the extent to which aggregated effects of common variants contributes to variance in QAT in a familial multiplex sample—one enriched for inherited ASD risk.Methods: Given the elevation of QAT among unaffected members in multiplex families, we examined the contribution of ASD-PRS to QAT, as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), in 1491 subjects from multiplex families in the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE)—with (N=538) and without (N=921) an ASD diagnosis. Using the iPSYCH-ASD-GWAS as our discovery dataset, comprised of cases (N=8,605) and controls (N=19,526), we estimated how much variance in QAT that the ASD-PRS explained in our target dataset, AGRE. We also examined if there were interaction effects of diagnosis and sex.Results: The ASD-PRS explained 0.34% of the variance in QAT (p=0.017). There was no significant interaction effect of disorder status (p=0.511), but there was a significant interaction of sex (p=0.027) and a significant interaction effect of ASD and sex (p=0.031).Limitations: The primary limitation of this study is the small size of the discovery GWAS (iPSYCH).Conclusions: Our results reveal that autism-related polygenic load, as measured via the ASD-PRS, significantly predicts QAT—critically, in both affected and unaffected family members. Further, the association of ASD-PRS with QAT in females was modified by diagnosis, indicating that this relationship was the strongest among affected females.The unique nature of this study’s multiplex familial sample enables a novel demonstration that common polygenic variation in ASD contributes to familial QAT, particularly among affected females.
Clinical Insignificance of [18F]PSMA-1007&nbsp;Avid Non-specific Bone Lesions: A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Arnfield Evyn G. , Thomas Paul A. , Roberts Matthew J. , Pelecanos Anita M. , Ramsay Stuart C. , Lin Charles Y. , Latter Melissa J , Garcia Peter L. , Pattison David A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: [18F]PSMA-1007 offers advantages of low urinary tracer excretion and improved resolution for imaging prostate cancer. However, non-specific bone lesions (NSBLs), defined as mild to moderate focal bone uptake without a typical morphological correlate on CT, are a common finding on [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with [18F]PSMA-1007 avid NSBLs, to determine whether patients with NSBLs represent a higher risk clinical cohort, and to determine whether SUVmax can be used as a classifier of bone metastasis.Methods: A retrospective audit of 214 men with prostate cancer was performed to investigate the clinical outcomes of [18F]PSMA-1007 avid NSBLs according to defined criteria. We also compared the serum PSA, Gleason score and uptake time of patients with [18F]PSMA-1007 avid NSBLs to patients without [18F]PSMA-1007 avid bone lesions. Finally, we assessed whether SUVmax is a good classifier of bone metastases using ROC curve analysis.Results: No [18F]PSMA-1007 avid NSBLs met criteria for a likely malignant or definitely malignant lesion after a median 15.8-month follow-up interval (11.9% definitely benign, 50.3% likely benign, and 37.7% equivocal). There were no statistically significant differences in serum PSA, Gleason score and uptake time between patients with [18F]PSMA-1007 avid NSBLs and those without [18F]PSMA-1007 avid bone lesions. All NSBLs with adequate follow-up had SUVmax ≤11.1. When comparing NSBLs to definite prostate cancer bone metastases, the highest SUVmax value recorded was a good classifier of bone metastasis, and an SUVmax cut-point of ≥7.2 maximised the Youden’s index.Conclusion: [18F]PSMA-1007 avid NSBLs rarely represent prostate cancer bone metastases. When identified in the absence of definite metastatic disease elsewhere, it is appropriate to classify those with SUVmax <7.2 as likely benign. NSBLs with SUVmax 7.2-11.1 may be classified as equivocal or metastatic, with patient clinical risk factors, scan appearance, and potential management implications used to guide interpretation.
Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG&nbsp;for the Detection of Primary Gastric Cancers and Metastasis&nbsp;
Authors: Jiang Donglang , Chen Xing , You Zhiwen , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiaoyun , Li Xiuming , Ren Shuhua , Huang Qi , Hua Fengchun , Guan Yihui , Zhao Jun , Xie Fang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Early and precise diagnosis and staging of gastric cancer are important for its treatment and management. However, the low sensitivity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for gastric cancer diagnosis limits its application. Currently, the tracer 68Ga-FAPI, which targets fibroblast activation protein (FAP), is widely used to diagnose various cancers. However, the diagnostic value of 68Ga-FAPI in gastric cancer is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential advantage of 68Ga-FAPI-04 over 18F-FDG in the evaluation of gastric cancer.Methods: Thirty-eight patients with gastric cancer (31 with adenocarcinoma and 7 with signet ring cell carcinoma) were recruited for this study. All of the participants underwent 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG imaging by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) or PET/magnetic resonance (MR). The results were interpreted by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was calculated.Results: For the detection of primary gastric cancer, the sensitivities of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET and 18F-FDG PET were 100% (38/38) and 81.6% (31/38), respectively. Four cases of adenocarcinoma and three cases of signet ring cell carcinoma were missed by 18F-FDG PET. The SUVmax of 68Ga-FAPI-04 in tumors greater than 4 cm (11.0 ± 4.5) was higher than tumors less than 4 cm (4.5 ± 3.2) (P = 0.0015). The SUVmax of 68Ga-FAPI-04 was higher in T2-4 tumors (9.7 ± 4.4) than in T1 tumors (3.1 ± 1.5) (P = 0.0002). For the detection of metastatic lesions, the sensitivities of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET and 18F-FDG PET in 10 patients with regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were 6/10 and 5/10, respectively.Conclusion: Compared to 18F-FDG PET, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET had superior potential in detecting primary gastric cancers and metastatic lymph nodes, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET also had a better performance on small gastric cancer detection. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET could provide better performance for gastric cancer diagnosis and staging.
Design, Analysis, and Simulation of All-optical Optimized and Gate Using Y-shaped Plasmonic Waveguide for High-speed Computing Devices
Authors: Anguluri Surya Pavan Kumar , Banda Srinivas Raja , Krishna Sabbi Vamshi , Swarnakar Sandip , Kumar Santosh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
All-optical logic gates have proven their significance in the digital world using which all high-speed computations are calculated. In this paper, we have proposed a novel structure for all-optical AND using the concept of power combiner using Y-shaped metal-insulator-metal waveguide under the footprints of A. This design works under the principle of linear interference. The insertion loss and extinction ratio of the design are given by 0.165 dB and 14.11 dB, respectively. The analysis of the design is carried out by finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method and verified using MATLAB. This minimized structure can be used to design any complex logic circuits to achieve better performance in future.
Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction combined with biplanar supracondylar femoral derotation osteotomy in recurrent patellar dislocation with increased femoral internal torsion and genu valgum: a retrospective study
Authors: Deng Xiangtian , Li Lingzhi , Zhou Peng , Li Yuan , He Yanwei , Chen Ge , Yang Sifan , Cheng Xiaodong , Li Zhong , Liu juncai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction combined with supracondylar biplanar femoral derotation osteotomy (FDO) in recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) with increased femoral anteversion angle (FAA) and genu valgum.
Methods
Between January 2017 to December 2020, a total of 13 consecutive patients (13 knees, 4 males and 9 females, mean age 18.7 (range, 15–29) years) with RPD with increased FAA and genu valgum who underwent supracondylar biplanar FDO using a Tomofix-locking plate combined with MPFL reconstruction in our institution were included. Preoperative full-leg standing radiographs, lateral views, and hip-knee-ankle computed tomography (CT) scans were used to evaluate the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), patellar height, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, and torsional angle of the tibial and femoral in the axial plane. Patient reported outcomes were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Kujala score, Lysholm score, visual analog scale (VAS), and Tegner score preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative CT scans were used to evaluate the changes of FAA and TT-TG, and full-leg standing radiographs was used to evaluate the changes of mLDFA.
Results
A total of 13 patients (13 knees) were included with an average follow-up period of 14.7 months (range 12–26). No cases of patients developed wound infection, soft tissue irritation, and recurrent dislocation during the follow-up period after surgery. Bone healing at the osteotomy site was achieved in all cases, and all patients regained full extension and flexion. Clinical outcomes (VAS, Kujala, ICDC, Lysholom, and Tegner scores) improved significantly at the final follow-up after surgery (p < 0.05). The mean mLDFA changed significantly from 82.72°±3.27° to 88.63°±2.35°. The mean TT-TG distance significantly decreased from 19.63 ± 3.21 mm to 13.29 ± 2.78 mm, while the CDI did not change significantly after surgery (p༞0.05). The mean FAA significantly decreased from 32.77°±3.78° to 19.08°±3.14°, while the tibial torsion did not change significantly after surgery (p༞0.05).
Conclusion
MPFL reconstruction combined with supracondylar biplanar FDO showed satisfactory clinical outcomes and radiographic results in the short-term follow-up period.