bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Microvascular Mapping for Head and Neck, Skull Base Research and Education: An Anatomical Donor Study
Authors: House Adrian E. , Romano Michael F. , Orczykowski Mary E. , Zumwalt Ann , Devaiah Anand K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to develop a method combining computed tomography (CT) and fluorescence imaging, allowing identification of microvasculature in anatomical donors and facilitating translational research and education.
Methods We investigated homogeneity and radiopacity of 30 different mixtures including radiopaque substances povidone–iodine (Betadine), barium sulfate (BaSO4), and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) varying in suspension and dilution with agar, latex, or gelatin. Three candidate mixtures were selected for testing the extent of perfusion in renal vasculature to establish methodology. From these candidate mixtures, two were selected for mixture with fluorescein and infusion into cadavers based on their ability to perfuse renal vasculature. The extent to which these two candidate mixtures combined with fluorescein were able to perfuse vasculature in a cadaver head was used to determine which mixture was superior.
Results BaSO4 and bismuth subsalicylate–based mixtures demonstrated superior opacity in vials. In terms of solidifying agents, gelatin-based mixtures demonstrated increased friability and lower melting points compared with the other agents, so only latex and agar-based mixtures were used moving forward past the vial stage. Combinations of BaSO4 and latex and BaSO4 and 3% agar were found to perfuse kidneys superiorly to the mixture containing bismuth subsalicylate. Finally, in cadaver heads, the mixture containing BaSO4, agar, and fluorescein was found to perfuse the smallest vasculature.
Conclusion A final combination of BaSO4, 3% agar, and fluorescein proves to be a powerful and novel combination enabling CT imaging, fluorescence imaging, and dissection of vasculature. This paves the way for future translational research and education.
Long-term Results of Two Different Surgical Techniques Used in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Ercan Serdar , Ataizi Zeki Serdar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the compression of the median nerve under the carpal ligament, is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment of the upper extremity. While conservative treatment is used for patients with mild and moderate symptoms, surgical treatment is preferred for severe symptoms. The aim of the study is to evaluate the difference between transverse and longitudinal incision by comparing postoperative pain and recurrence rates.
Methods The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical incision type. Surgical intervention was applied to patients in group T (transverse incision) and group L (longitudinal incision) by the same two surgeons in each group. All patients were followed-up with electromyography (EMG) and performance scale before and after surgical treatment. If the postoperative EMG result was similar to the preoperative EMG result, it was accepted as recurrent CTS.
Results A total of 418 patients were included to the study. Six patients in the group T with transverse incision, and 18 patients in the group L with longitudinal incision, were reoperated for an average of 6 ± 2 months after the primary surgery.
Conclusion Complications are less, and recurrent nerve compression is less in longitudinal approach, since surgical intervention is performed by seeing the median nerve directly.
Evaluating the potential efficacy and limitations of a phage for joint antibiotic and phage therapy of
Staphylococcus aureus
infections
Authors: Berryhill Brandon A. , Huseby Douglas L. , McCall Ingrid C. , Hughes Diarmaid , Levin Bruce R. 
Published: March 2021

Significance

This study explores the potential of a phage, PYO
Sa
, for treating
Staphylococcus aureus
infections in combination with antibiotics. Population dynamic and genomic analysis identified a limitation and potential liability of using PYO
Sa
for therapy. Due to the production of potentially pathogenic atypical small colony variants, PYO
Sa
alone cannot eliminate
S. aureus
populations. However, we demonstrate that by following the administration of PYO
Sa
with bactericidal antibiotics, this limitation and potential liability can be addressed. The methods used in this investigation to explore the efficacy of combinations of PYO
Sa
and antibiotics for treating
S. aureus
infections can be employed to evaluate the clinical potential and facilitate the design of treatment protocols for any bacteria and phage that can be cultured in vitro.
Evolutionary relationships between drought-related traits and climate shape large hydraulic safety margins in western North American oaks
Authors: Skelton Robert P. , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Diaz Jessica , Kling Matthew M. , Papper Prahlad , Lamarque Laurent J. , Delzon Sylvain , Dawson Todd E. , Ackerly David D. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
A fundamental association between sustained water transport and downstream tissue survival should select for xylem that avoids embolism in long-lived woody plants. Previous studies suggest that long-vessel species, such as oaks and vines, are more susceptible to drought-induced loss of function than other species. We show that western North American oaks—even those occurring in wet temperate forest—possess xylem capable of tolerating substantial water stress. Evolutionary relationships between drought tolerance traits combined with plant–climate interactions yield positive hydraulic safety margins in oaks from diverse habitats, demonstrating that these key species are not yet on the verge of hydraulically mediated loss of function. Quantifying physical tolerance limits to desiccation is imperative for predicting ecological consequences of future droughts.
IDO1 scavenges reactive oxygen species in myeloid-derived suppressor cells to prevent graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Ju Ji-Min , Nam Giri , Lee Young-Kwan , Jung Minho , Chang Hanna , Kim Woojin , Shon Woo Jeong , Lim Ji Young , Kim Joo Young , Chang Jun , Min Chang Ki , Lee Dong-Sup , Choi Kyungho , Shin Dong-Mi , Choi Eun Young 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThis study reveals that the tryptophan-degrading reaction catalyzed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in Gr-1+CD11b+myeloid cells. The IDO1-mediated ROS scavenging promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell characteristics in Gr-1+CD11b+cells, suppressing their differentiation into proinflammatory neutrophils. These results could explain the increased lethality in graft-versus-host disease as well as the enhanced proinflammatory and reduced regulatory T cell responses after transplantation of IDO1-deficient bone marrow cells. Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into the immune-modulatory roles of IDO1.
Structural insights into α-synuclein monomer–fibril interactions
Authors: Kumari Pratibha , Ghosh Dhiman , Vanas Agathe , Fleischmann Yanick , Wiegand Thomas , Jeschke Gunnar , Riek Roland , Eichmann Cédric 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The characteristic feature of Parkinson’s disease is the deposition of α-synuclein into insoluble amyloid fibrils. The so-called secondary nucleation mechanism appears to be key for the aggregation kinetics, because binding of monomers on the fibril surface can autocatalytically induce new amyloid seeds. We show by nuclear magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that α-synuclein monomer–fibril binding is primarily mediated by transient electrostatic interactions. These intermolecular contacts result in an unfolding of the loosely packed α-synuclein structures and expose the otherwise protected aggregation-prone non-amyloid-β component of the protein. Our data demonstrate that intramolecular unfolding of α-synuclein is a prerequisite for protein aggregation that leads to rapid multiplication of α-synuclein amyloid fibrils via the secondary nucleation process.
Cysteinyl-specialized proresolving mediators link resolution of infectious inflammation and tissue regeneration via TRAF3 activation
Authors: Chiang Nan , de la Rosa Xavier , Libreros Stephania , Pan Hui , Dreyfuss Jonathan M. , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Resolution of inflammation, infection, and injury are essential for host defense and homeostasis. Cysteinyl-specialized proresolving mediators (cys-SPMs) are potent chemical signals that accelerate resolution of inflammation, control infection, and display proregenerative properties. We sought evidence for cys-SPM–activated primordial pathways that might link resolution of inflammation and regeneration using planaria because of their robust regenerative ability. RNA sequencing was carried out with surgically resected planaria exposed to cys-SPMs, and we identified genes and pathways regulated by cys-SPMs during the regeneration, including TRAF3. In mammalian systems, TRAF3 contributes to cys-SPM–stimulated phagocyte functions and resolution of infection.
Unique molecular characteristics and microglial origin of Kv1.3 channel–positive brain myeloid cells in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ramesha Supriya , Rayaprolu Sruti , Bowen Christine A. , Giver Cynthia R. , Bitarafan Sara , Nguyen Hai M. , Gao Tianwen , Chen Michael J. , Nwabueze Ngozi , Dammer Eric B. , Engstrom Amanda K. , Xiao Hailian , Pennati Andrea , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Katz David J. , Galipeau Jacques , Wulff Heike , Waller Edmund K. , Wood Levi B. , Levey Allan I. , Rangaraju Srikant 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThe potassium channel Kv1.3 in brain myeloid cells represents a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The patterns of expression and functional roles of Kv1.3 channels in brain myeloid subpopulations and the microglial-versus-peripheral myeloid origin of Kv1.3-expressing cells in AD remain unclear. Here, we show that in mice, Kv1.3 is selectively up-regulated in an Aβ-dependent manner by a subset of microglia-derived cells, expresses higher levels of proinflammatory genes, and confirms the presence of Kv1.3-expressing microglial subpopulations in human AD. Furthermore, blocking Kv1.3 in an AD model reduces Aβ neuropathology, increases synaptic protein expression, and skews the microglial transcriptome toward pro-phagocytic and protective phenotypes. Our findings strengthen the preclinical rationale for targeting microglial Kv1.3 channels for therapeutic immunomodulation in AD.
A multitaxa assessment of the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes for biodiversity management
Authors: Boetzl Fabian A. , Krauss Jochen , Heinze Jonathan , Hoffmann Hannes , Juffa Jan , König Sebastian , Krimmer Elena , Prante Maren , Martin Emily A. , Holzschuh Andrea , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThe loss of biodiversity challenges agriculture as crop yields depend on biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services. Targeted agri-environmental schemes (AES), like sown flowering fields, provide additional food resources and shelter for wild plants and animals. Such AES have been implemented to restore biodiversity in agricultural landscapes and ensure ecosystem services provision. However, little is known about the comparative benefits of different AES for functional biodiversity and whether temporal continuity, covered area, or perennial source habitats in the surrounding landscape limit the success of an AES. Here, we systematically evaluate within one study design how temporal continuity, size, and seminatural habitat cover in the surrounding landscape affect multitaxa diversity in different AES types and assess their potential for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
Structural basis for a bacterial Pip system plant effector recognition protein
Authors: Luo Shukun , Coutinho Bruna G. , Dadhwal Prikshat , Oda Yasuhiro , Ren Jiahong , Schaefer Amy L. , Greenberg E. Peter , Harwood Caroline S. , Tong Liang 
Published: March 2021

Significance
This work examines a fundamental question of how bacteria sense plant-released chemicals. We recently identified an effector of one member of a plant-responsive PipR family of transcription factors present in many plant-associated bacteria. This compound (abbreviated HEHEAA) requires a specific transporter for import into bacterial cells. We have solved crystal structures of one component of the transporter free and bound to HEHEAA. We discovered that a close homolog of the transporter protein cannot bind HEHEAA, implying there are other effector compound(s) for the widespread PipR signaling system family. Understanding the molecular details of these plant-responsive systems could identify a means of controlling plant colonization.
Source apportionment of methane escaping the subsea permafrost system in the outer Eurasian Arctic Shelf
Authors: Steinbach Julia , Holmstrand Henry , Shcherbakova Kseniia , Kosmach Denis , Brüchert Volker , Shakhova Natalia , Salyuk Anatoly , Sapart Célia J. , Chernykh Denis , Noormets Riko , Semiletov Igor , Gustafsson Örjan 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Extensive release of methane from sediments of the world’s largest continental shelf, the East Siberian Arctic Ocean (ESAO), is one of the few Earth system processes that can cause a net transfer of carbon from land/ocean to the atmosphere and thus amplify global warming on the timescale of this century. An important gap in our current knowledge concerns the contributions of different subsea pools to the observed methane releases. This knowledge is a prerequisite to robust predictions on how these releases will develop in the future. Triple-isotope–based fingerprinting of the origin of the highly elevated ESAO methane levels points to a limited contribution from shallow microbial sources and instead a dominating contribution from a deep thermogenic pool.
Evolution of Ycf54-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis in cyanobacteria
Authors: Chen Guangyu E. , Hitchcock Andrew , Mareš Jan , Gong Yanhai , Tichý Martin , Pilný Jan , Kovářová Lucie , Zdvihalová Barbora , Xu Jian , Hunter C. Neil , Sobotka Roman 
Published: March 2021

SignificancePhotosynthesis uses chlorophylls to utilize solar energy. In oxygenic phototrophs, formation of the isocyclic fifth ring of chlorophyll, responsible for its green color, is catalyzed by AcsF/CycI and the auxiliary protein Ycf54. Removal of Ycf54 causes severe chlorophyll deficiency and impaired photoautotrophic growth. We analyzed laboratory-evolved suppressor mutants of a Ycf54-less strain of the cyanobacteriumSynechocystiswhere chlorophyll biosynthesis and phototrophy were restored. A single point mutation in CycI significantly weakens its dependence on Ycf54, mimicking natural evolution of the enzyme in marine cyanobacteria that lack Ycf54. A second mutation resulting in overaccumulation of chlorophyll inactivates an enzyme with in vitro chlorophyll dephytylase activity. Our results provide insights into the important regulatory role of Ycf54 in chlorophyll biosynthesis.
Towards a discourse-semantic approach to visual narrative analysis
Authors: Salama Amir H.Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study propounds a novel discourse-semantic approach that problematizes the social semiotic analysis of
visual narrative in two respects: (i) the lack of a model that can explain the plurifunctional structure of visual acts of
communication in general and (ii) the failure to provide the deep structure underlying the characters and/or objects in visual
narrative in particular. Redressing these two shortcomings, the approach is methodologically geared towards analysing the visual
narrative grammar that encodes the 2017 BBC image-enabled news story of Islamic State (IS). The proposed approach rests on two
theoretical models: (i) Roman Jakobson’s (1960) communication model of language
functions; (ii) Algirdas Julien Greimas’s (1966, 1987) structural-semantic model of actant grammar. The study has reached two major findings. First, theoretically, the
visual narrative analysis of images demands the presence of both (1) a theory that can adequately explain the plurifunctional
structure associated with the semiotic complexity of visual communication and (2) a structural-semantic model that reveals the
deep structure of the actants that enable the dramatis personae to relate to the events featuring in the
mono-/multimodal discourse of narrative. Second, on a practical level of the BBC’s visual storyline, IS has been represented
within three actant-based enunciation-spectacles: (a) victimhood with Subject versus Object, (b) beneficiariness with Sender
versus Receiver, and (c) villainy (self-presented and other-presented) with Opponent/Victim versus Helper.
A15 Nb3Si: a ‘high’ T
c superconductor synthesized at a pressure of one megabar and metastable at ambient conditions
Authors: Lim Jinhyuk , Kim J S , Hire Ajinkya C , Quan Yundi , Hennig R G , Hirschfeld P J , Hamlin J J , Stewart G R , Olinger Bart 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A15 Nb3Si is, until now, the only ‘high’ temperature superconductor produced at high pressure (∼110 GPa) that has been successfully brought back to room pressure conditions in a metastable condition. Based on the current great interest in trying to create metastable-at-room-pressure high temperature superconductors produced at high pressure, we have restudied explosively compressed A15 Nb3Si and its production from tetragonal Nb3Si. First, diamond anvil cell pressure measurements up to 88 GPa were performed on explosively compressed A15 Nb3Si material to trace T
c as a function of pressure. T
c is suppressed to ∼5.2 K at 88 GPa. Then, using these T
c (P) data for A15 Nb3Si, pressures up to 92 GPa were applied at room temperature (which increased to 120 GPa at 5 K) on tetragonal Nb3Si. Measurements of the resistivity gave no indication of any A15 structure production, i.e. no indications of the superconductivity characteristic of A15 Nb3Si. This is in contrast to the explosive compression (up to P ∼ 110 GPa) of tetragonal Nb3Si, which produced 50%–70% A15 material, T
c = 18 K at ambient pressure, in a 1981 Los Alamos National Laboratory experiment. This implies that the accompanying high temperature (1000 °C) caused by explosive compression is necessary to successfully drive the reaction kinetics of the tetragonal → A15 Nb3Si structural transformation. Our theoretical calculations show that A15 Nb3Si has an enthalpy vs the tetragonal structure that is 70 meV atom−1
smaller at 100 GPa, while at ambient pressure the tetragonal phase enthalpy is lower than that of the A15 phase by 90 meV atom−1. The fact that ‘annealing’ the A15 explosively compressed material at room temperature for 39 years has no effect shows that slow kinetics can stabilize high pressure metastable phases at ambient conditions over long times even for large driving forces of 90 meV atom−1.
Mo
x
Si1−

x
a versatile material for nanowire to microwire single-photon detectors from UV to near IR
Authors: Lita Adriana E , Verma Varun B , Chiles Jeff , Mirin Richard P , Nam Sae Woo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate material properties in Mo
x
Si1−x
thin films with the goal of optimization for single-photon detection from UV to mid-IR wavelengths. Saturated internal detection efficiency appears to be related to film structure for this material. We demonstrate nanometer-wide meander devices with saturated internal efficiency at 370 nm wavelength and 3.4 K operation temperature. By reducing the film thickness in the optimized material, we demonstrate saturated internal detection efficiency at 1550 nm wavelength and 1 K operation temperature for micron-wide meander shaped single-photon detectors with wire widths up to 2.0 μm and active areas up to 362 × 362 μm2.
Experimental realization of an all-(RE)BaCuO hybrid trapped field magnet lens generating a 9.8 T concentrated magnetic field from a 7 T external field
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Fujishiro Hiroyuki , Namba Sora , Ainslie Mark D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have verified experimentally an all-(RE)BaCuO hybrid trapped field magnet lens (HTFML) using only one cryocooler and a special technique named the ‘loose contact method’. In the experimental setup, only the inner magnetic lens was tightly connected to the cold stage and cooled at all times, and the outer trapped field magnet (TFM) cylinder was loosely connected to the cold stage before the magnetizing process by introducing a gap between the outer TFM and cold stage of the cryocooler. As a result, the superconducting state for zero-field cooled magnetization of the inner magnetic lens and the non-superconducting (normal) state for field-cooled magnetization of the outer TFM cylinder can co-exist at the same time. A maximum concentrated field of B
c = 9.8 T was achieved for the magnetizing process with an applied field of B
app = 7 T in the present HTFML, consistent with the numerical estimation in our previous conceptual study. These results validate the HTFML concept as a compact and desktop-type magnet device that can provide 10 T-class magnetic field enhancement from the viewpoint of the magnetizing method. However, during magnetization with a higher B
app of 10 T, thermal instability of the outer stacked TFM cylinder caused flux jumps to occur, resulting in mechanical fracture of multiple bulks. These results suggest that the further development of a practical cooling method that can realize a stable and controllable cooling process for each part of the HTFML is necessary based on fundamental studies relating to the thermal stability of the large stacked TFM cylinder.
Effect of entanglement embedded in environment on quantum non-Markovianity based on collision model
Authors: Li Xiao-Ming , Chen Yong-Xu , Xia Yun-Jie , Man Zhong-Xiao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
By means of collision models (CMs) where the environment is simulated by a collection of ancillas consisting of two entangled qubits, we investigate the effects of entanglement in the environment on the non-Markovianity of an open quantum system. Two CMs are considered in this study, in the first one the open quantum system S directly collides with the environment, while in the second one the system interacts with two intermediate qubits which, in turn, are coupled to the environment. We show that it is possible to enhance the non-Markovianity by environment entanglement in both models. In particular, in the second model, we show that the initial state of the auxiliary qubits can also affect the non-Markovianity of the system and there exists the optimal combination of the initial environmental state and the initial state of auxiliary qubits. In this case, the non-Markovianity can be greatly enhanced.