bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitin metabolism as a potential target for RNAi‐based control of the forestry pest Hyblaea pueraCramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae)
Authors: Kottaipalayam‐Somasundaram Sowmiya R , Jacob John P , Aiyar Balasubramanian , Merzendorfer Hans , Nambiar‐Veetil Mathish 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHyblaea puera, commonly known as the teak defoliator, is a serious pest in teak plantations. Despite the availability of control measures, this pest causes losses in yield and quality of timber through voracious feeding. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising strategy for the control of this pest. Chitin metabolism, which is vital for the growth and development of arthropods, is a potential target for developing RNAi‐based insecticides.RESULTSTo assess the effects of chitin metabolism inhibition, H. puera larvae were treated with a chitin synthesis inhibitor, diflubenzuron (DFB). DFB treatment caused pupal deformities and disrupted eclosion. Partial gene sequences for three key genes of H. puera chitin metabolism were cloned and sequenced: chitin synthase 1 (HpCHS1), chitinase‐h (HpChi‐h) and ecdysone receptor (HpEcR). Feeding dsRNA cognate for these three target genes to the first instar of H. puera resulted in mortality and reduction in the corresponding transcript levels as assessed through qRT‐PCR. This is the first report of RNAi in this forestry pest. The highest mortality was 45.9%, in response to dsHpEcR treatment; HpChi‐h transcripts were the most down‐regulated in response to dsHpEcR feeding. DsHpEcR RNAi resulted in growth inhibition and molting arrest. The mortalities were 29.7% and 32.4% for dsHpCHS1 and dsHpChi‐h feeding, respectively.CONCLUSIONChitin metabolism could be a potential target for RNAi‐based control of H. puera, and HpCHS1, HpChi‐h and HpEcR could be suitable target genes. However, the RNAi efficacy needs to be improved through formulations that improve stability and uptake, and employing better delivery strategies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A likelihood‐based ORESTE method for failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) based risk analysis problem under interval type‐2 fuzzy environment
Authors: Zheng Qiaohong , Liu Xinwang , Wang Weizhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) model is an effective safety system analysis method to identify and analyze potential risks. Nevertheless, the traditional FMEA possesses deficiencies associating with questionable multiplication procedure, overlooking uncertainty and interaction relationships among risk factors. Besides, determining the risk priority considering the detailed interrelation among the failure modes is beyond the capability of current FMEA models, especially in the case of complex preference information. Thus, this paper proposed an extended FMEA by integrating ORESTE (organization, rangement et Synthèse de données relarionnelles, in French) method, Heronian Mean (HM) operator, and interval type‐2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs). First, the IT2FSs are utilized to depict the complex risk preference information. Second, the HM operator, as an aggregated tool, is utilized to obtain collective evaluation information, which can fully reflect the overall correlations among individual risk assessment information. Then, an extended ORESTE method based on the likelihood of IT2FSs is utilized to obtain the priority ranking orders of failure modes. In this extended method, a new IT2FSs global preference score is constructed to determine the weak ranking. And, three new preference intensities based on the likelihood of IT2FSs are constructed to determine PIR (preference, indifference, and incomparability) structure which can show the detailed relationships between failure modes. Finally, an illustrative example of a nuclear reheat valve system is selected to verify its application and efficiency.
Benchmarking procedures for characterizing the extent of rater agreement: a comparative study
Authors: Vanacore Amalia , Pellegrino Maria Sole 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDecision making processes often rely on subjective evaluations provided by human raters. In the absence of a gold standard against which check evaluation trueness, rater's evaluative performance is generally measured through rater agreement coefficients. In this study some parametric and non‐parametric inferential benchmarking procedures for characterizing the extent of rater agreement—assessed via kappa‐type agreement coefficients—are illustrated. A Monte Carlo simulation study has been conducted to compare the performance of each procedure in terms of weighted misclassification rate computed for all agreement categories. Moreover, in order to investigate whether the procedures overestimate or underestimate the level of agreement, misclassifications have been computed also for each specific category alone. The practical application of coefficients and inferential benchmarking procedures has been illustrated via two real data sets exemplifying different experimental conditions so as to highlight performance differences due to sample size.
Whole‐Device Entanglement in a 65‐Qubit Superconducting Quantum Computer
Authors: Mooney Gary J. , White Gregory A. L. , Hill Charles D. , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ability to generate large‐scale entanglement is an important progenitor of quantum information processing capability in noisy intermediate‐scale quantum (NISQ) devices. In this paper, the extent to which entangled quantum states over large numbers of qubits can be prepared on current superconducting quantum devices is investigated. Native‐graph states on the IBM Quantum 65‐qubit ibmq_manhattan device and the 53‐qubit ibmq_rochester device are prepared and quantum readout‐error mitigation (QREM) is applied. Connected entanglement graphs spanning each of the full devices are detected, indicating bipartite entanglement over the whole of each device. The application of QREM is shown to increase the observed entanglement within all measurements, in particular, the detected number of entangled pairs of qubits found within ibmq_rochester increases from 31 to 56 of the total 58 connected pairs. The results of this work indicate full bipartite entanglement in two of the largest superconducting devices to date.
Highly Efficient Degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Surfactant by MIL‐53 (Fe) Metal Organic Framework Derived Electro‐Fenton Applicable in Water Treatments
Authors: Ghodsi Javad , Rafati Amir Abbas , Joghani Roghaiyeh Asadpour 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMIL‐53 (Fe) Metal‐organic framework (MOF) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by SEM, XRD, FT‐IR, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller techniques. The synthesized MOF was successfully applied as an efficient catalyst in Electro‐Fenton degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) surfactant, so that degradation rate constant, Kapp, for LAS degradation showed significantly higher amounts in presence of Fe MOF. Effect of experimental parameters on Electro‐Fenton degradation including pH, MOF amount, applied current, Fe (II) concentration, and electrodes distance were investigated and optimized amounts were found. Applying of MOF caused efficient removal of LAS in compared to when MOF was not applied. Catalytic electrochemical degradation in this work showed removal of more than 98 % of initial surfactant in 150 min which was completely satisfying for LAS removal.
FeCo@N‐Doped Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Polyacrylamide‐Derived Carbon Nanocages as a Functional Filler for Polyethylene System
Authors: Dzhardimalieva Gulzhian , Aydemir Timur , Prokofiev Michail , Golubeva Nina , Yumashev Oleg , Bubnova Maria , Zarrelli Mauro , Uflyand Igor , Kydralieva Kamila 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, using the advantages of Fe and Co nitrates acting as nucleation sites, we polymerized acrylamide (AAm) complexes using frontal polymerization to obtain FeCo alloy/N‐doped carbon composites by converting its original precursor. The results of PAAm coating were found to be extremely useful in suppressing the collapse of the FeCo microstructure during pyrolysis, resulting in a unique hierarchical FeCo@C−N core‐shell nanoparticle architecture encapsulated in PAAm‐derived carbon nanocages. The thermal, mechanical and magnetic properties of the resulting FeCo/C−N filling polyethylene system have been investigated and presented.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Oximes, Amines, and Lactams of Fusidane Triterpenoids
Authors: Salimova Elena V. , Parfenova Lyudmila V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe article presents the synthesis and study of the antimicrobial and antitumor activity of fusidic acid derivatives containing oxime, amino substituents, and a caprolactam ring. The introduction of a caprolactam fragment into the molecule provides a high antibacterial effect comparable to that of fusidic acid and contributes to a 5.8‐fold decrease in hemolytic activity compared to that of the native antibiotic. The presence of two oxime groups in the methylfusidate molecule ensures a high antiproliferative effect against H522 cells of non‐small cell lung cancer, leading to 57 % of the lethality of this cell line.
A Bifunctional “Off‐On” Fluorescence Probe Based on Naphthalene for the Detection of Ag+ and Al3+ and Its Application in Practical Water Samples, as a Logic gate and as Test Paper
Authors: Yang Dong , Zhu Bin , Zhang Dongmei , Zhang Xia , Liu Wenbo , Xue Jing , Wei Yaoyi , Bi Caifeng , Fan Yuhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA bifunctional fluorescence probe (PCT) based on 2‐Hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide was developed. The probe PCT can selectively detect Ag+ and Al3+ with two clear fluorescence color changes from colorless to yellow and blue violet, respectively. According to the Job's plots and mass spectrum, the binding stoichiometry of the probe PCT with Ag+ and Al3+ was 1 : 1, respectively. Moreover, the detection limit values of PCT for Ag+ and Al3+ in neutral solutions were 1.97 and 1.63 nM and these values were remarkably lower than allowed Ag+ and Al3+ concentrations in potable water determined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The distinct different binding mode were elucidated in this paper. Finally, the probe PCT has been used successfully for the detection of Ag+ and Al3+ in real water samples, logic gate and test paper.
Polystyrene Microspheres Decorated with Au4Cu5 Nanoclusters and their Application in Catalytic Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Zhen Yaru , Liu Danyu , Zhou Manman , Lin Zhenzhen , Jin Shan , Chen Shuang , Hu Daqiao , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltrasmall nanoclusters are emerging nanocatalysts due to their distinct physico‐chemical properties. However, the instability and agglomeration of these nanoclusters restrict their practical application. Herein, we designed a negatively charged cross‐linked polystyrene (PS) microsphere as support and decorated it with positively charged ultrasmall [Au4Cu5(Dppm)2(C6H11S)6]+[BPh4]− (Au4Cu5, in which Dppm stands for bis‐(diphenylphosphino)methane) nanoclusters through strong electrostatic adsorption, as evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PS@Au4Cu5 nanocomposites were well‐dispersed in water, exhibiting enhanced catalytic activity for the reduction reaction of 4‐nitrophenol to produce 4‐aminophenol. These findings open promising opportunities for supported nanocluster catalysis.
In Situ Construction of Flexible VNi Redox Centers over Ni‐Based MOF Nanosheet Arrays for Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Sun Xuan , Zhang Xiuxiu , Li Yuanli , Xu Yanzhi , Su Hui , Che Wei , He Jingfu , Zhang Hui , Liu Meihuan , Zhou Wanlin , Cheng Weiren , Liu Qinghua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtomic‐level design and construction of synergistic active centers are central to develop advanced oxygen electrocatalysts toward efficient energy conversion. Herein, an in situ construction strategy to introduce flexible redox sites of VNi centers onto Ni‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheet arrays (NiV‐MOF NAs) as a promising oxygen electrocatalyst is developed. The abundant redox VNi centers with flexible metal valence states of V+3/+4/+5 and Ni+3/+2 enable NiV‐MOF NAs excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and a long‐term stability under high current densities, achieving current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 at recorded overpotentials of 189 and 290 mV, respectively, and showing ignorable decay of initial activity at 100 mA cm−2 after 100 h OER operation. Operando synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared combined with quasi in situ X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies reveal at atomic level that the flexible V sites can continuously accept electrons from adjacent active Ni sites to accelerate OER kinetics for NiV‐MOF NAs during the reaction process, accompanied by a self‐optimized structural distortion of VO6 octahedron for promoting the electrochemical stability.
Risk assessment concerning the heavy metals in sediment around Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Liu Hou‐Qi , Zhang Yan , Yuan Zi‐Jiao , Sun Cong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study sought to determine the systematic pollution status of the heavy metals (HMs) found in the sediment around Taihu Lake, China. The concentrations and speciations of the HMs in the sediment were measured. The Ni and Cr concentrations exceeded the probable effect level (PEL), while the concentrations of the other HMs (except Hg) were between the threshold effect level and the PEL. The enrichment factor values for all HMs indicated slight enrichment. The geoaccumulation index revealed that the HMs represented light pollution, while the average contaminant factor value of the HMs indicated moderate pollution. The ecological risk factor value indicated a medium ecological risk, with Cd and Hg being associated with a high and considerable potential ecological risk, respectively. The ecological risk index indicated that the ecological risk posed by the HMs was high. The contamination degree revealed a moderate level of metal pollution, while the pollution load index indicated a heavy pollution level. The extractable proportion of the HMs (except for Cr and As) exceeded 50%. In the case of Cd, the exchangeable proportion was 51.11%, which indicated it to be extremely unstable.Practitioner Points

Heavy metals (except for Cr and As) have a high potential ecological risk.
All selected heavy metals implying varying degrees of instability.
Cd was the most serious pollutant based on the Igeo, Cf and EF analyses.
Leadership assessments: A history and overview of empirical and practical considerations
Authors: Troy Adam B. , Lewis Jamie L. , Vaughn Cassandra M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAssessment instruments are critical to assist in the selection and development of strong, effective leaders. Developing a strong understanding of what makes a tool empirically sound, based on solid scientific concepts, can mean the difference between choosing an assessment that provides targeted, actionable, and accurate information versus an instrument that yields information that is biased, unhelpful, or even harmful to individuals and organizations. This article discusses the history of leadership assessments and how to critically evaluate available leadership instruments in order to enhance decision‐making about what tool to use.
Critical considerations for the effective use of leadership inventories and assessments
Authors: Satterwhite Rian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLeadership education ideally prepares learners for not only the world we now know, but also the anticipated global challenges that the practice of leadership will be tasked with addressing in the future. Towards this end, centering criticality, integrating both horizontal and vertical development, and balancing leader and leadership development become important goals. This article addresses how leadership educators can utilize inventories and assessments to advance these goals.
From inventories to inquiry: The use of leadership inventories in the context of an undergraduate research living–learning program
Authors: Tobin Leah K. , Lee Jessica , Skendall Kristan Cilente 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTeam research that is designed to maximize social impact first requires an in‐depth understanding of self, values, personal characteristics, and collaboration. This article explores how leadership assessments and inventories can be utilized to enhance the development of the research process in the context of an intentionally scaffolded first‐year course and the complementary curricula and team experience that follows. True Colors, Character Values Scale, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, CliftonStrengths, and the Thomas–Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument will be discussed in this article.
Sensitivity of a tonne-scale NEXT detector for neutrinoless double-beta decay searches
Authors:   The NEXT collaboration, Adams C. , Álvarez V. , Arazi L. , Arnquist I. J. , Azevedo C. D. R , Bailey K. , Ballester F. , Benlloch-Rodríguez J. M. , Borges F. I. G. M. , Byrnes N. , Cárcel S. , Carrión J. V. , Cebrián S. , Church E. , Conde C. A. N. , Contreras T. , Denisenko A. A. , Díaz G. , Díaz J. , Escada J. , Esteve R. , Felkai R. , Fernandes L. M. P. , Ferrario P. , Ferreira A. L. , Foss F. , Freitas E. D. C. , Freixa Z. , Generowicz J. , Goldschmidt A. , Gómez-Cadenas J. J. , González R. , González-Díaz D. , Gosh S. , Guenette R. , Gutiérrez R. M. , Haefner J. , Hafidi K. , Hauptman J. , Henriques C. A. O. , Hernando Morata J. A. , Herrero P. , Herrero V. , Ho J. , Ifergan Y. , Jones B. J. P. , Kekic M. , Labarga L. , Laing A. , Lebrun P. , López-March N. , Losada M. , Mano R. D. P. , Martín-Albo J. , Martínez A. , Martínez-Vara M. , Martínez-Lema G. , McDonald A. D. , Meziani Z. E. , Monrabal F. , Monteiro C. M. B. , Mora F. J. , Muñoz Vidal J. , Newhouse C. , Novella P. , Nygren D. R. , Oblak E. , Palmeiro B. , Para A. , Pérez J. , Querol M. , Redwine A. , Renner J. , Ripoll L. , Rivilla I. , Rodríguez García Y. , Rodríguez J. , Rogero C. , Rogers L. , Romeo B. , Romo-Luque C. , Santos F. P. , dos Santos J. M. F. , Simón A. , Sorel M. , Stanford C. , Teixeira J. M. R. , Thapa P. , Toledo J. F. , Torrent J. , Usón A. , Veloso J. F. C. A. , Vuong T. T. , Webb R. , Weiss-Babai R. , White J. T. , Woodruff K. , Yahlali N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTheNeutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC(NEXT) searches for the neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of136Xe using high-pressure xenon gas TPCs with electroluminescent amplification. A scaled-up version of this technology with about 1 tonne of enriched xenon could reach in less than 5 years of operation a sensitivity to the half-life of 0νββdecay better than 1027years, improving the current limits by at least one order of magnitude. This prediction is based on a well-understood background model dominated by radiogenic sources. The detector concept presented here represents a first step on a compelling path towards sensitivity to the parameter space defined by the inverted ordering of neutrino masses, and beyond.
Influence through mixing: hotspots as benchmarks for basic black-hole behaviour
Authors: Kaplanek G. , Burgess C.P. , Holman R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Effective theories are being developed for fields outside black holes, often with an unusual open-system feel due to the influence of large number of degrees of freedom that lie out of reach beyond the horizon. What is often difficult when interpreting such theories is the absence of comparisons to simpler systems that share these features. We propose here such a simple model, involving a single external scalar field that mixes in a limited region of space with a ‘hotspot’ containing a large number of hot internal degrees of freedom. Since the model is at heart gaussian it can be solved explicitly, and we do so for the mode functions and correlation functions for the external field once the hotspot fields are traced out. We compare with calculations that work perturbatively in the mixing parameter, and by doing so can precisely identify its domain of validity. We also show how renormalization-group EFT methods can allow some perturbative contributions to be resummed beyond leading order, verifying the result using the exact expression.
Gravitational edge modes, coadjoint orbits, and hydrodynamics
Authors: Donnelly William , Freidel Laurent , Moosavian Seyed Faroogh , Speranza Antony J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The phase space of general relativity in a finite subregion is characterized by edge modes localized at the codimension-2 boundary, transforming under an infinite-dimensional group of symmetries. The quantization of this symmetry algebra is conjectured to be an important aspect of quantum gravity. As a step towards quantization, we derive a complete classification of the positive-area coadjoint orbits of this group for boundaries that are topologically a 2-sphere. This classification parallels Wigner’s famous classification of representations of the Poincaré group since both groups have the structure of a semidirect product. We find that the total area is a Casimir of the algebra, analogous to mass in the Poincaré group. A further infinite family of Casimirs can be constructed from the curvature of the normal bundle of the boundary surface. These arise as invariants of the little group, which is the group of area-preserving diffeomorphisms, and are the analogues of spin. Additionally, we show that the symmetry group of hydrodynamics appears as a reduction of the corner symmetries of general relativity. Coadjoint orbits of both groups are classified by the same set of invariants, and, in the case of the hydrodynamical group, the invariants are interpreted as the generalized enstrophies of the fluid.
Continuity of the temperature in a multi-phase transition problem
Authors: Gianazza Ugo , Liao Naian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLocally bounded, local weak solutions to a doubly nonlinear parabolic equation, which models the multi-phase transition of a material, is shown to be locally continuous. Moreover, an explicit modulus of continuity is given. The effect of the p-Laplacian type diffusion is also considered.