bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All About Carnap's Babylon
Authors: Osorio‐Kupferblum C. Naomi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCarnap's Logical Syntax of Language (1937) contains an unfortunate passage, the ‘Babylon passage’, explaining what it is for a linguistic expression to be about a subject matter. Past criticism has only addressed Carnap's mistaken claim that the occurrence of a denoting term is necessary and sufficient for a linguistic expression to be about the denotatum. But the passage contains further problems: a form‐object confusion due to the ambiguity of ‘lecture’; a use‐mention problem with the word ‘Babylon’; and finally, the fact that its key sentence 𝔖1 is a counterexample to Carnap's own definition of aboutness. These flaws notwithstanding, the passage's ‘non‐formal consideration’ that a statement's truth or falsity should matter to our knowledge about the subject matter's properties, is an important contribution to aboutness theory. This paper discusses all these pros and cons of the passage in depth with a view to their consequences for current work on subject matter.
Unexpected Twists: Electrophysiological Correlates of Encoding and Retrieval of Events Eliciting Prediction Error
Authors: Turan Gözem , Spiertz Veronika , Bein Oded , Shing Yee Lee , Nolden Sophie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAccording to the predictive processing framework, our brain constantly generates predictions based on past experiences and compares these predictions with incoming sensory information. When an event contradicts these predictions, it results in a prediction error (PE), which has been shown to enhance subsequent memory. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of PEs on subsequent memory remain unclear. This study investigated the electrophysiological correlates during encoding and retrieval of events eliciting PEs. We employed a statistical learning task in which participants were presented with pairs of objects in sequence. Subsequently, while recording electroencephalography (EEG), we introduced PEs by replacing the second object of each pair with new objects and we then tested the participants' memory. Behaviorally, PEs did not enhance memory. During retrieval, we observed higher amplitudes in the recollection‐related late positive component for violation items that were remembered compared to those that were forgotten. In contrast, no evidence for the presence of the FN400 component associated with familiarity was found. These results suggest that recollection, but not familiarity, plays a crucial role in the interplay between PE and memory. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not observe a relationship between PEs and the P3 component during encoding. In conclusion, our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge concerning the intricate relationship between PEs and episodic memory. It sheds light on the underlying neural mechanisms involved and emphasizes the importance of recollection in this context.
Staggered Treatment Effects With Selection on Unobservables: The Case of Endogenous Preferential Trade Agreement Effects on Trade
Authors: Egger Peter H. , Huang Ruobing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article combines insights from three strands of work: the one on self‐selection into treatments, the one on staggered treatment effects, and the one on preferential trade agreements (PTAs). We illustrate in a staggered treatment effects approach with selection on unobservables that in the phase since 1997, when exogenous staggered PTA effects had been found of insignificant importance, endogenous staggered PTAs exert positive effects that are statistically significant.
The effects of buprenorphine on ocular parameters in healthy dogs
Authors: Pohl James C. , Gonzales Cassin W. , Goldenberg Ruby B. , Chang Kunbee M. , Erickson Nicholas S. , Sheahan Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of a 0.02 mg/kg dose of intravenous buprenorphine on various ocular parameters in healthy dogs. Animals: 25 healthy, client‐owned dogs.MethodsObjective parameters (intraocular pressure [IOP], pupil size [PS]) and subjective parameters (menace response, dazzle reflex, corneal reflex, globe position, and third eyelid position) were measured prior to and following administration of buprenorphine. Baseline data was first established by measuring ocular parameters 20 min prior to (T−20) and immediately before (T0) intravenous administration of a 0.02 mg/kg dose of buprenorphine. Data was then collected again at 10, 20, 30, and 45 min post‐administration (T10, T20, T30, and T45 respectively).ResultsThere was no significant change in any parameter measured in the baseline data, between T−20 and T0. No significant change was observed in the subjective parameters at any of the time points measured in the post‐drug administration period. There was a significant decrease in PS between T0 and T10 (p < .05) which continued to decrease significantly across timepoints. Both eyes showed a significant, but transient increase in IOP. This increase was followed by a significant decrease in IOP OD and an approaching significant decrease in IOP OS. All variations in IOP remained within the normal canine range.ConclusionsA 0.02 mg/kg dose of intravenous buprenorphine impacts both PS and IOP and, therefore, should be used with caution in select diseases where effects on pupil size and intraocular pressure may cause additional harm.
Equational theories of idempotent semifields
Authors: Metcalfe G. , Santschi S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper provides answers to several open problems about equational theories of idempotent semifields. In particular, it is proved that (i) no equational theory of a non‐trivial class of idempotent semifields has a finite basis; (ii) there are continuum‐many equational theories of classes of idempotent semifields; and (iii) the equational theory of the class of idempotent semifields is co‐NP‐complete. This last result is also used to determine the complexity of deciding the existence of a right order on a free group or free monoid satisfying finitely many given inequalities.
A Semi-Physical Model for the Dissipative Mechanisms Present in the Rail Grinding Process
Authors: Valdés-Canaval M. A. , Toro A. , Rudas J. S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rail grinding, a common maintenance operation in the railway industry, is not a fully efficient process, as energy not used for cutting dissipates into the participants' bodies. The energy dissipated into the rail surface can affect its engineering properties, potentially leading to malfunction and microstructural transformations. A phenomenological model was developed to study the dissipation mechanisms that take place in rail grinding. The model includes wear, thermal dissipation, and phase transformation, driven by the coupling of thermal and mechanical effects. Energy and mass balances were calculated within a controlled volume at the experimental grinding interface. Experiments were conducted in a lab built for experimental grinding. The model results were validated through statistical comparison with experimental data and findings from specialized literature. Additionally, the study explores white etching layer formation under grinding conditions and the influence of mechanical stress. By integrating theoretical modeling with experimental validation, this research enhances the understanding of energy dissipation in rail grinding, providing a foundation for optimizing grinding processes, reducing material degradation, and improving rail longevity.
A new species of Tenuipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) associated with Vernicia montana in China, with a comprehensive ontogenetic analysis of setal additions
Authors: Xu Yun , Li Yan , Wu Hong-Yuan , Cai Shou-Ping 
Published: December 2024

We describe a new species of flat mite from the genus Tenuipalpus, collected on the leaves of Vernicia montana Lour. (Euphorbiaceae), an important oil-producing tree widely distributed in southern China. This is the first species of flat mite from Vernicia. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the ontogenetic development of the idiosoma and leg chaetotaxy are presented for both adult (female and male) and immature stages. This study adds to the known diversity of the genus Tenuipalpus.
Genome-wide association study of anterior uveitis
Authors: Koskimäki Fredrika , Ahokas Oona , Kajanne Risto , Saviauk Krista-Roberta , Elnahas Abdelrahman , Reigo Anu , Reis Kadri , Esko Tõnu , Palta Priit , Leinonen Sanna , Kettunen Johannes , Liinamaa Johanna , Karjalainen Minna K , Saarela Ville ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team Consortium
Published: December 2024

Background/aimsThe purpose of this study is to define genetic factors associated with anterior uveitis through genome-wide association study (GWAS).MethodsIn this GWAS meta-analysis, we combined data from the FinnGen, Estonian Biobank and UK Biobank with a total of 12 205 anterior uveitis cases and 917 145 controls. We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to investigate associations across phenotypes and traits. We also evaluated genetic correlations of anterior uveitis.ResultsWe identified six anterior uveitis-associated loci. Genome-wide significant (p<5 × 10−8) associations were identified for the first time at three loci (innate immunity activator (INAVA), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat family, pyrin domain containing 3 and nitric oxide synthase 2). We detected associations at three loci previously reported to be associated with uveitis (endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), the trinucleotide repeat containing 18 (TNRC18)and theHLAregion) and also replicated associations at two loci previously associated with acute anterior uveitis (IL23RandHDAC2-AS2). In PheWAS, we further detected that lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at three of the anterior uveitis-associated loci (ERAP1,INAVAandTNRC18) are associated with other immunity-related phenotypes, including ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, we detected a moderate genetic correlation between anterior uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease (rg=0.39, p=8 × 10−5).ConclusionWe identified six anterior uveitis-associated loci, including three novel loci with genome-wide significance. Our findings deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of anterior uveitis and the genetic connections between anterior uveitis and immune-related disorders, providing a foundation for further research and potential therapeutic interventions.
Association between obesity and thyroid nodules in children and adults living in iodine-sufficient areas: analysis of cross-sectional data from Tianjin, China
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Wang Yang , Li Wenfeng , Duan Yani , Li Fang , Cui Yushan 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThe main purpose of this study was to analyse the association between obesity and thyroid nodules in children and adults living in iodine-sufficient areas in China.DesignAnalysis of data from two cross-sectional surveys.Setting and participants921 children from 2016 to 2021 and 1505 adults from 2018 to 2021 living in iodine-sufficient areas from Tianjin, China were recruited.Outcome measuresAnthropometric measures including height and weight were taken, and body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were calculated. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed to assess thyroid nodules. A multifactor logistic regression model and a restricted cubic spline model were used to analyse the association between BMI/BSA and thyroid nodules in children and adults.ResultsThyroid nodules were detected in 21.72% of children and 40.00% of adults. Compared with children in the low BMI and low BSA groups, children in higher BMI (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.15) and higher BSA (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.94) groups had significantly higher risks for thyroid nodules. High BMI and high BSA were also significantly associated with multiple thyroid nodules in children, withORsand 95% CIs of 1.51 (1.04 to 2.19) and 1.45 (1.01 to 2.08), respectively. The restricted cubic spline model indicated that the risk of thyroid nodules and multiple thyroid nodules in children increased with the increase of BMI-z-score and BSA. In adults, a high BSA (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.77) was significantly associated with multiple thyroid nodules, but this association was not valid in the restricted cubic spline model.ConclusionChildhood obesity is associated with the risk of thyroid nodules; however, there is no clear association between adult obesity and thyroid nodules.
Modified Medial Capsulorrhaphy Using Figure‐of‐Eight Suture in Hallux Valgus Correction Surgery
Authors: Primadhi Raden Andri , Utoyo Ghuna Arioharjo , Budi Muhammad Naseh Sajadi , Prasetia Renaldi 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Medial capsulorrhaphy is an important step in hallux valgus correction surgery; however, studies on this technique are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the viability and efficacy of modified medial capsulorrhaphy using figure‐of‐eight sutures for hallux valgus compared to the conventional technique.Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients with hallux valgus, comparing a group receiving standard longitudinal capsulorrhaphy (Group 1) and a group that underwent modified capsulorrhaphy using figure‐of‐eight sutures (Group 2). Basic anthropometry, preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA), immediate postoperative HVA, and 6‐month postoperative HVA were recorded. An independent sample t‐test was performed to investigate differences between the groups.Results: Thirty‐four feet were enrolled in the study and divided into Group 1 (19 feet) and Group 2 (15 feet). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, BMI, preoperative HVA, immediate postoperative HVA, and 6‐month postoperative HVA (p = 0.646, 0.752, 0.231, 0.792, and 0.933, respectively). However, we found that the average of HVA changes between immediate postoperative and 6‐month postoperative was dissimilar (1.73 ± 2.37° Group 1 vs. 0.33 ± 1.29° Group 2, p = 0.048)Conclusion: While both techniques were efficacious in decreasing HVA, modified capsulorrhaphy using the figure‐of‐eight technique was better at maintaining corrected HVA until 6‐month postoperative period. This technique is recommended because of its efficacy and simplicity.
Eccentric Training to Restore Persistent Functional Loss Following Ruptured Achilles Tendon: The Role of Fascicle Length and Muscle Excursion
Authors: Hoeffner Rikke , Svensson Rene B. , Magnusson S. Peter 
Published: December 2024

Background: Persisting deficits are often seen years after an Achilles tendon rupture despite dedicated rehabilitation efforts. A possible reason for reduced function is elongation of the tendon and accompanying shortening of the muscle. Strength training with focus on the eccentric component of loading leads to longer muscle fascicles in healthy persons.Purpose: To investigate if focused eccentric training would result in increased muscle fascicle length, strength and excursion, reduced fat fraction, and functional improvements.Study Design: Longitudinal within‐subject exploratory study.Methods: Fourteen persons, with a prior unilateral Achilles tendon rupture who still experienced functional deficits > 1 year after injury, underwent an isokinetic eccentric training program for 12 weeks. Tendon length, muscle fascicle length, cross‐sectional area, strength, and functional parameters were measured on the injured and uninjured sides before and after 12 weeks of training.Results: For gastrocnemius fascicle length and fat content in the triceps surae, no significant change over time on the injured or uninjured side was detected. There was a significant interaction effect (p = 0.0065) and side effect (p < 0.0001) for heel‐rise count, resulting in a significantly smaller difference between the sides at 12 weeks compared to baseline. With extended knee, the eccentric and concentric plantar flexion peak torques showed a significant interaction effect (eccentric: p = 0.0074 and concentric: p = 0.0187), as well as a significant side effect (eccentric: p = 0.0002 and concentric: p < 0.0001) and time effect (eccentric p = 0.0179 and concentric p = 0.0093). Between weeks 0 and 12, ATRS significantly improved (mean difference 11.6 points, 95% CI [4–19], p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Fascicle length was not altered by the intervention. However, plantar flexion toque, heel‐rise count, and, importantly, the patient‐reported outcome measure ATRS improved.
Switching Drivers: Epigenetic Rewiring to Genetic Progression in Glioma
Authors: Drucker Kristen L. , Jenkins Robert B. , Schramek Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are slow-growing brain tumors that frequently progress to aggressive high-grade gliomas that have dismal outcomes. In a recent study, Wu and colleagues provide critical insights into the mechanisms underlying malignant progression by analyzing single-cell gene expression and chromatin accessibility across different tumor grades. Their findings support a two-phase model: in early stages, tumors are primarily driven by oligodendrocyte precursor-like cells and epigenetic alterations that silence tumor suppressors like CDKN2A and activate oncogenes such as PDGFRA. As the disease advances, the tumors become sustained by more proliferative neural precursor-like cells, where genetic alterations, including PDGFRA, MYCN, and CDK4 amplifications and CDKN2A/B deletion, drive tumor progression. The study further highlights a dynamic regulation of interferon (IFN) signaling during progression. In low-grade IDH-mutant gliomas, IFN responses are suppressed through epigenetic hypermethylation, which can be reversed with DNMT1 inhibitors or IDH inhibitors, leading to reactivation of the IFN pathway. In contrast, higher-grade gliomas evade IFN signaling through genetic deletions of IFN gene clusters. These findings emphasize a broader epigenetic-to-genetic shift in oncogenic regulation that drives glioma progression, provides a valuable framework for understanding the transition from indolent tumors to lethal malignancies, and has implications for therapy and clinical management.
Outcomes According to Remnant Ligament Tissue Quality after Arthroscopic All-Inside Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair for Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Hyun Lee Sung , Hun Lim Gyeong 
Published: December 2024

Category: Sports; Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: Arthroscopic all-inside techniques have gained prominence in the treatment of chronic ankle instability (CAI), offering effective solutions. However, arthroscopic treatment of CAI with poor remnant ligament-tissue quality is still controversy. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of the arthroscopic all-inside anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) repair, according to the quality of remnant ligament. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive CAI patients who underwent arthroscopic ATFL repair, with a follow-up period of at least two years. Patients were categorized into two groups based on arthroscopic ATFL grade: Group G, characterized by good to moderate tissue quality with distension or discontinuity of the ATFL; and Group P, characterized by poor tissue quality with a hypoplastic ATFL. Patients with irreparable absent ATFL were excluded. Subjective outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue scale score, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and the Karlsson ankle functional score. Objective outcomes included posturographic analysis and radiological evaluations, such as stress radiographs and axial view magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Among 163 patients, 22 were excluded based on predefined criteria, leaving 141 patients for analysis (Group G, n = 77; Group P, n = 64). Patients had a mean age of 32.1 years, and the average follow-up duration was 31.6 months. Both groups exhibited postoperative improvements in subjective and objective clinical outcomes (all p < 0.05). Significantly, Group P demonstrated lower FAOS scores in the sports unit (p = 0.016), an increased fall risk as determined by posturography at the final follow-up (p = 0.019), and a higher retear rate on axial view MRI (10.9%, 7/64) compared to Group G (2.6%, 2/77) (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Arthroscopic all-inside ATFL repair is an effective treatment for CAI, regardless of the quality of the remnant ligament. However, patients with poor ligament quality showed inferior clinical outcomes, especially in sports-related activities and proprioception. Additionally, they experienced a higher retear rate. These findings highlight the significance of performing arthroscopic all-inside ATFL repair selectively for CAI, considering the patient's activity level and the quality of the remaining ligament tissue.
Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xi Kasia Chua Chen , Tan Chin Yik , Thevendran Gowreeson 
Published: December 2024

Category: Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The use of minimally invasive (MIS) techniques in hallux valgus correction has been established in mild to moderate hallux valgus. However, there has been no clear consensus on the outcomes of MIS techniques in severe hallux valgus. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with severe hallux valgus who underwent MIS corrective osteotomy. Methods: The systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All studies that presented patients with severe hallux valgus, defined as Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA) ≥ 40 ° and/or Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA) ≥ 16 °, with clinical and/or radiological outcomes after MIS surgery were included. Results: 16 studies were included with 1170 feet. The average preoperative HVA was 36.0° and IMA was 16.9°. Post-operatively, all studies reported significant improvement in AOFAS score with a mean difference of 41.1 (95% CI 33.58, 48.67). All studies reported improvement in radiological parameters: HVA mean improvement of 23.8° (95% CI 19.73, 27.86), IMA mean improvement of 8.22° (95% CI 6.14, 10.29).4 studies reported patient satisfaction postoperatively with a pooled average of 92.3% over 415 patients. 11 studies reported superficial and/or deep infection postoperatively with a pooled average of 2.3% over 798 patients. 13 studies reported malunion, delayed union or non-union with a pooled average of 2.9% over 981 patients. 6 studies reported loss of correction postoperatively with a pooled average of 8.8% over 531 patients. Conclusion: In the treatment of severe hallux valgus, the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques provides significant improvement in clinical and radiological parameters with low rates of complications.