bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computationally efficient Monte‐Carlo model for biomedical Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dumont Alexander P. , Fang Qianqian , Patil Chetan A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonte Carlo (MC) modeling is a valuable tool to gain fundamental understanding of light‐tissue interactions, provide guidance and assessment to optical instrument designs, and help analyze experimental data. It has been a major challenge to efficiently extend MC towards modeling of bulk‐tissue Raman spectroscopy (RS) due to the wide spectral range, relatively sharp spectral features, and presence of background autofluorescence. Here, we report a computationally efficient MC approach for RS by adapting the massively‐parallel Monte Carlo eXtreme (MCX) simulator. Simulation efficiency is achieved through “isoweight,” a novel approach that combines the statistical generation of Raman scattered and Fluorescence emission with a lookup‐table‐based technique well‐suited for parallelization. The MC model uses a graphics processor to produce dense Raman and fluorescence spectra over a range of 800 − 2000 cm−1 with an approximately 100× increase in speed over prior RS Monte Carlo methods. The simulated RS signals are compared against experimentally collected spectra from gelatin phantoms, showing a strong correlation.
The Black experience: The entanglement among African American males and law enforcement
Authors: Singletary Gilbert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is no greater existential threat to the mental stability of Black males than the entanglement among Black males and law enforcement. The impact of Black males witnessing other Black males murdered by police and broadcasted via social media and television is profound. Until recently, few studies have considered the external threats that impact this subgroup, specifically, law enforcement, and how negative experiences presents significant risks to the overall mental health of Black males.MethodsThe current study uses a qualitative methodology designed to assess the impact of Black males overall experiences with law enforcement, in addition to the residual effect of Black males witnessing other Black males murdered by police.ResultsParticipants in the current study reported negative experiences with law enforcement, in addition to extreme, debilitating, psychological distress after witnessing other Black males murdered by police and broadcasted via social media and television.ConclusionThe findings of this study contribute to the extant literature regarding Black males and the many forms of trauma that are experienced by this marginalized subgroup. Moreover, the rich narratives provided by the participants provide a window into the adversarial relationship between Black males and law enforcement.
Pivotal response treatment for autism: A brief report on training for rural communities
Authors: Dahiya Angela V. , Openden Daniel , Ostmeyer Katrina F. , Anderson Rachel M. , Scarpa Angela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany providers from rural communities feel ill‐prepared to treat children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cost‐effective training in Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), an evidence‐based ASD treatment, can address unmet needs for rural communities. The current study examined a 1‐day general PRT workshop for parents and professionals followed by a 3‐day small, intensive training for professionals. Fifty‐two parents and providers completed surveys before and after Day 1, indicating improvements in perceived stress and confidence. Three providers were trained during Days 2–4, and submitted four 10‐min videos (i.e., baseline, 1‐week, 1‐month, and 2‐months post‐training) working with a target child discussed in the training and another child. Videos were coded for correct PRT implementation and analyzed using a single‐subject A–B design with generalization and maintenance probes. All providers learned to apply PRT techniques with the target child and generalized skills to another child within 1‐week post‐training, with partial maintenance. Implications for rural mental health training in evidence‐based practices are discussed.
Remote delivery of a therapeutic intervention to court‐mandated youths of Haitian descent during COVID‐19
Authors: Marcelin Louis Herns , Cela Toni , Dembo Richard , Jean‐Gilles Michèle , Page Bryan , Demezier Danna , Clement Roy , Waldman Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe threat generated by the COVID‐19 pandemic has triggered sudden institutional changes in an effort to reduce viral spread. Restrictions on group gatherings and in‐person engagement have increased the demand for remote service delivery. These restrictions have also affected the delivery of court‐mandated interventions. However, much of the literature has focused on populations that voluntarily seek out face‐to‐face medical care or mental health services, whereas insufficient attention has been paid to telehealth engagement of court‐mandated populations. This article draws on data gathered on an NIH/NIDA‐funded study intervention implemented with juvenile justice‐involved youths of Haitian heritage in Miami‐Dade County, Florida, during the COVID‐19 public health crisis. We explore the process of obtaining consent, technological access issues, managing privacy, and other challenges associated with remote delivery of family‐based therapy to juvenile justice‐involved youth. Our aim is to provide some insights for consideration by therapists, healthcare workers, advocates, researchers, and policymakers tasked with finding alternative and safer ways to engage nontraditional populations in health services. The clinical trial registration number is NCT03876171.
Evaluating parental genetic knowledge of hearing loss with and without pre‐test genetic counseling in a pediatric otolaryngology clinic
Authors: Davis Dillon , Oakes Lisa , Raol Nikhila , Mighion Lindsey , Dedhia Kavita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated parental knowledge of genetics of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and satisfaction following pre‐test consult with and without genetic counseling (GC). A survey evaluating parents’ knowledge of genetics for SNHL with and without GC was administered to parents of children with SNHL who were offered genetic testing. The survey also inquired about satisfaction, and decision to pursue genetic testing. Statistical tests included Fisher–Freeman–Halton test and Mann–Whitney test. Forty‐nine participants completed the survey and were seen by both otolaryngology and GC intern (ENT + GC) (n = 24) or by otolaryngology (ENT) only (n = 25). Participation groups were not randomized. There were no significant differences in demographics between groups. Participants in the ENT + GC group had higher average genetics knowledge score of 72% correct (range 22%–100%), compared to the ENT only group with 44% (range 22%–78%) (p < .001). Participants in the ENT + GC group were more likely to know the different test result possibilities (p = .002), the most common form and pathogenic variant associated with SNHL (p < .001), that only a subset of genes are evaluated (p = .004), and that genetic testing may not explain SNHL etiology (p = .013), in comparison with the ENT only group. There was no significant difference in parental satisfaction or ultimate decision to undergo testing between groups. Obtaining genetic testing plays an integral role in the diagnosis and management of SNHL in the pediatric population. Our results suggest that the addition of GC increases parent knowledge of genetics and SNHL. This knowledge allows the family to make a more informed decision as to whether or not to pursue genetic testing.
Preparing genetic counselors to serve Native American communities
Authors: Freeman Abigail A. , Arbuckle Jacquelynn , Petty Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a medical specialty, genetic counseling (GC) espouses cultural sensitivity, a patient‐centered approach, and an eye for the individual, familial, and community‐wide implications of genetics and genomics in medicine. Within the past decades, the field of GC has recognized and attempted to address a need for the greater diversity of providers and practice settings that will help to address health inequities across underrepresented communities (Channaoui et al., 2020). Accreditation for GC training programs mandates equipping students with multicultural sensitivity and knowledge on health disparities. Currently however, there are limited published data about how GC programs are accomplishing these aims for Native American individuals and communities. Furthermore, there are limited published data on the unique needs and perspectives of Native Americans who may seek GC services. This disconnect may pose barriers for genetic counselors who aim to provide respectful and relevant care to Native American patients. Education of GC students is one important way to set the tone for a lifetime of practice and to inspire awareness and action toward alleviating disparities. Thus, we surveyed GC training programs in North America to investigate how they are working to (a) address disparities in Native American professional representation and student enrollment, (b) deliver culturally relevant curricula and clinical opportunities that serve the needs of Native Americans, and (c) positively engage Native American communities in North America. We found that reported recruitment efforts, curricula content, clinical opportunities, and community engagement efforts to address the needs of Native American are limited across GC training programs surveyed. By bringing awareness to current methods, success factors, and barriers in this space, we hope to open the door for meaningful partnerships between leaders of Native American communities and GC training programs in the pursuit of greater equity.
COVID contingencies: Early epicenter experiences of different genetics clinics at a New York City institution inform emergency adaptation strategies
Authors: Ahimaz Priyanka , Giordano Jessica , Disco Michele , Harrington Elizabeth , Levinson Elana , Spiegel Erica , Andrews Carli , Griffin Emily , Hernan Rebecca , Wynn Julia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe unique situational challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic have demanded creative modifications to the delivery of genetic services. Institutions across the country have adapted workflows to continue to provide quality care while minimizing the need for physical visits. As the first epicenter of the pandemic in the country, New York City healthcare workers and residents had to make rapid, unprecedented changes to their way of life. This article describes the workflow adaptations of genetic counselors across various clinical settings at New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, the largest provider of genetics care in New York City, during the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The authors observe how the adaptations impacted clinical care and the genetic counselors. Our lived experience and account can provide guidance for others during the current and future pandemics.
Current progress in systemic therapy for biliary tract cancers
Authors: Sutherland Margaret , Ahmed Osama , Zaidi Adnan , Ahmed Shahid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiliary tract cancers (BTCs) are heterogeneous cancers that include cancers of the bile duct and gallbladder. Although they are relatively uncommon, most patients with BTC are diagnosed at advanced‐stage disease with high mortality rates. Recently, systemic therapy options for patients with BTC have evolved. This paper reviews recent advancements in systemic therapy and the results of key clinical trials in BTC.MethodsA literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using keywords related to BTC and systemic therapy. Studies that were presented in major international cancer research conferences were also included.ResultsThe evidence shows that adjuvant capecitabine has been associated with a lower relapse rate in early‐stage BTC. In unselected patients with advanced BTC, combination chemotherapy is a standard treatment option. However, with a better understanding of the molecular profile of BTC, there has been a shift toward targeted agents in BTC that have shown promising responses. The evolving data also support the evolving role of immunotherapy in patients with deficient DNA mismatch repair or PD‐L1‐positive BTC.DiscussionSystemic treatment options for BTC have improved. The future identification of new targets, novel compounds, and predictive markers is a key step toward the use of personalized medicine in BTC.
Effect of posture and femoral neck osteochondroplasty on femur‐acetabulum clearance in patients with cam‐type femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Wilson David R. , Zhang Honglin , Jones Carly E. , Gilbart Michael K. , Masri Bassam A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is not clear whether femoral neck osteochondroplasty achieves its objective of increasing femoroacetabular clearance. We used an upright open magnetic resonance imaging scanner to image the hip joint in multiple postures to explore the effect of posture and femoral neck osteochondroplasty on femur‐acetabulum clearance in patients with cam‐type femoroacetabular impingement. We recruited 13 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo arthroscopic femoral neck osteochondroplasty and completed assessments on 10 patients. We scanned each subject before surgery and at 6 months post‐op in supine and 3 other physiological postures: supine 90° flexion with adduction and internal rotation (FADIR), sitting deep (maximal flexion with internal rotation and adduction), and sitting crossed leg (maximal adduction with flexion and internal rotation). We measured the alpha angle, which describes the severity of cam deformity, and the beta angle, which defines joint clearance. We also evaluated hip flexion, internal rotation, and adduction before and after surgery. Femoral neck osteochondroplasty significantly decreased alpha angle by 23.9° ± 4.6° (p = 0.001) and increased beta angle across all postures by 28.1° ± 6.3° (p = 0.002). An increase in beta angle represented a decreased chance of impingement. Femoral neck osteochondroplasty significantly increased flexion by an average of 8.6° in the sitting deep posture after surgery (p = 0.007) which might indicate an improvement of joint function. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that arthroscopic osteochondroplasty accomplishes its stated goals of increasing bone‐bone clearance in the hip joint and improving joint mechanics for the static postures assessed.
Vibrational spectra of calcium vanadyl phosphate hydrate mineral (sincosite): Raman and infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kharbish Sherif , Sharaby Yasser A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nondestructive micro‐Raman technique and the infrared spectroscopy are used to investigate sincosite mineral. Sincosite [Ca (VO)2(PO4)2·4H2O] exhibits the characteristic vibrational modes of PO4 tetrahedra, V(O,H2O)6 octahedra, H2O groups, and further external modes. The PO4 Raman and infrared stretching and bending vibrations of sincosite occur between 1,200 and 900 cm−1 and between 600 and 400 cm−1, respectively. The VO bond in the V(O,H2O)6 octahedra shows the most characteristic intense Raman band that appears at 984 cm−1. On the other hand, the H2O stretching and bending modes appear above 3,000 cm−1 and between 1,700 and 1,500 cm−1, respectively. The lattice vibrations occur below 200 cm−1.
Removal of Trace Metal Impurities from Pretreated Phosphoric Acid by Foam Fractionation
Authors: Bakhshi Marzieh , Mortaheb Hamid Reza , Amini Mohammad Hassan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDemands for phosphoric acid are growing rapidly in various industries. This has highlighted the importance of optimizing its production and purification methods. Phosphoric acid can be produced by a wet process. However, due to the presence of many organic and inorganic impurities in the wet product, purification of the resulting product is a major concern in this industry. Removal of trace metal impurities (such as magnesium, cadmium, chromium, zinc, etc.) from produced phosphoric acid in a wet process was investigated by foam fractionation in a semi‐batch setup using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant. Effects of inlet air velocity, surfactant concentration, and surfactant selectivity were investigated. The optimum air velocity and surfactant concentration were obtained as 0.020 cm/min and 0.7 g/L, respectively. At the optimum condition, the total removal efficiency and enrichment factor reached were 70.2% and 4.39, respectively, while the acid loss was 8.3%. The total metal removal efficiency was increased to 95.3% in a two‐stage experimental run.
Genetic testing and surgical treatment after breast cancer diagnosis: Results from a national online cohort
Authors: Verdial Francys C. , Bartek Matthew A. , Anderson Benjamin O. , Javid Sara H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenetic testing for hereditary breast cancer has implications for breast cancer decision‐making. We examined genetic testing rates, factors associated with testing, and the relationship between genetic testing and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM).MethodsPatients with breast cancer (2000–2015) from The Health of Women Study were identified and categorized as low, moderate, or high‐likelihood of the genetic mutation using a previously published scale based on period‐relevant national guidelines incorporating age and family history. Genetic testing and CPM rates were compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong 4170 patients (median age 56‐years), 38% were categorized as high‐likelihood of having a genetic mutation. Among high‐likelihood women, 67% underwent genetic testing, the odds of which were increased among women of higher‐education and White‐race (p < .001). Among 2028 patients reporting surgical treatment, 385 (19%) chose CPM. CPM rate was highest among mutation‐positive women (41%), but 26% of women with negative tests still underwent CPM. Independent of test result, genetic testing increased the odds of CPM on multivariate analysis (adjusted‐OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.29–2.22).ConclusionsGenetic testing rates were higher among women at high‐likelihood of mutation carriage, but one‐third of these women were not tested. Racial disparities persisted, highlighting the need to improve testing in non‐White populations. CPM rates were associated with mutation‐carriage and genetic testing, but many women chose CPM despite negative testing, suggesting that well‐educated women consider factors other than cancer mortality in selecting CPM.
Identification and characterization of Prothionamide degradation impurities by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and ultra high performance liquid chromatography method development
Authors: Baksam Vijaya Kumar , Saritha Nimmakayala , Mohan Surya Krishna , Shandilya Sanjeev , Kumar Pramod 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStability‐indicating and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry compatible ultra high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the degradation and drug substances related impurities of Prothionamide. Forced degradation of Prothionamide was carried out under acidic, basic, thermal, oxidative, and photolytic stress conditions. The impurities separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC BEH‐C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with the mobile phase of 10 mm ammonium acetate pH 6.0 and Acetonitrile in a time gradient mode. Related substances by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography method was validated according to ICH tripartite guidelines. Degradation products were isolated by Column chromatography and characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, 1H, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The developed related substances method showed adequate specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, linearity (0.4–1.5 μg/mL), precision, and robustness in line with ICH tripartite guidelines for validation of analytical procedures. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 and 0.4 μg/mL, respectively, for Prothionamide and all the impurities. The method was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient > 0.99, precise (%RSD < 5.0), robust and accurate (%recovery 85–115%).
Increased Risk of Injury Following a Diagnosis of Vertigo: A Population‐based Study
Authors: Yang Tzong‐Hann , Xirasagar Sudha , Cheng Yen‐Fu , Wang Chia‐Hui , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate whether peripheral vestibular disorders (PVD) are associated with subsequent injury.MethodsData for this follow‐up study were retrieved from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) Dataset. A total of 251,355 patients with newly diagnosed PVD during January 2015 to December 2016 was identified as the study cohort, the diagnosis date being their index date. Comparison patients were identified by propensity score‐matching (one per case, n = 251,355 controls) from the remaining NHI beneficiaries in 2015 with their index date being the date of their first health service claim in 2015. We tracked each subject's claims history for 1 year from the index date to identify those who suffered an injury. Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to calculate the injury hazard ratio of cases versus controls.ResultsThe incidence of injury during 1‐year follow‐up was 128.6 (95% CI = 127.6–129.5) per 1,000 person‐years, 158.2 (95% CI = 156.8–159.6) and 97.5 (95% CI = 96.3–98.7) among the study and comparison cohorts, respectively. After adjusting for demographic variables, the hazard ratio (HR) for injury during 1‐year was 1.663 (95% CI: 1.636–1.690) for cases relative to controls.ConclusionsPatients with PVD were at a higher risk for a wide range of injuries, most of all, joint dislocation and sprain.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1633–1638, 2021
Impact of Medical Student Research Fellowships on Otolaryngology Match Outcomes
Authors: Dorismond Christina , Shah Rupali N. , Ebert Charles S. , Buckmire Robert A. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives/HypothesisWhile many students participate in research years or fellowships prior to entering the otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) match, the effects of these fellowships on match outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of research fellowships on odds of matching into OHNS.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.MethodsApplications from first‐time, US allopathic seniors between the 2014‐2015 and the 2019‐2020 application cycles were reviewed. Data were abstracted from Electronic Residency Application Service applications and match results determined using the National Residency Matching Program database and online public sources. The relationship between research fellowships and matching was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf the 1775 applicants included, nearly 16% (n = 275) participated in research fellowships and 84.1% matched (n = 1492). Research fellows were no more likely to match into OHNS than non‐research fellows (86.9% vs. 83.5%, unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.31, P = .161), even when adjusting for applicant characteristics (predicted probability [PP]: 88.8% vs. 85.8%, adjusted OR 1.31, P = .210). For applicants from top 25 medical schools, however, research fellowships were associated with higher odds of matching (PP: 96.5% vs. 90.0%, adjusted OR 3.07, P = .017). In addition, completing a fellowship was associated with significantly greater odds of matching into a top 25 OHNS residency program (PP: 58.6% vs. 30.5%, adjusted OR 3.24, P < .001).ConclusionFellowships may be beneficial for select applicants, though for most, they are not associated with improved odds of matching. These findings provide context for OHNS residency candidates considering research fellowships and should be carefully weighed against other potential advantages and disadvantages of fellowships.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2506–E2512, 2021