bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life preferences in colorectal cancer patients aged 80 and over
Authors: McCombie Andrew M. , Frampton Chris M. , Frizelle Frank A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundManagement of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is about not only survival, but also quality of life (QoL). What patients want is important but is not well researched or understood for elderly patients where it is very relevant. This study aimed to measure and compare what patients with CRC aged 80 and over and surgeons consider important in terms of survivorship after surgery for CRC.MethodsPatients aged 80 and over who were having surgery for CRC were recruited and interviewed using closed and open questions about their expectations of surgery and various QoL dimensions. These were assessed preoperatively and 3 months post‐operatively. Surgeons ranked the same QoL dimensions of patients by questionnaire.ResultsNineteen patients (median age 87.5, range 80–95, eight males and 11 females) were recruited. Patients rated items relating to health, mobility and independence (n = 23) as top three items most often followed by people outside self (n = 13). Surgeons underestimated importance in 17 domains with the biggest discrepancy being in ‘avoiding a stoma’ (4.11 versus 2.3, P < 0.01).ConclusionWith patients over 80 years having surgery for CRC, there is a lack of concordance between what surgeons think is important and what patients think is important. Despite this, CRC patients aged 80 and older are almost always satisfied with the outcome of surgery. Surgeons should ensure that they understand patients' expectations and that they are aligned with likely outcomes of surgery.
Rectovaginal fistula: Risk factors for failure after graciloplasty—A bicentric retrospective European study of 61 patients
Authors: Frontali Alice , Rottoli Matteo , Chierici Andrea , Poggioli Gilberto , Panis Yves 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimGraciloplasty (GP) is indicated in the case of recurrent rectovaginal fistula (RVF) after failure of previous local treatments. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for GP failure performed for RVF.MethodsThis is a retrospective study based on a prospective database on GP, coming from two expert centres.ResultsSixty‐one patients undergoing a first GP for RVF (n = 51) or ileal‐vaginal fistula after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (n = 10), with a mean age of 42 years (range 24–72), were analysed. After a mean follow‐up of 56 ± 48 months (range 1–183), failure of GP (considered as persistent stoma and/or clinical RVF) was noted in 24/61 patients (39%). The failure rate was 43% (13/30) in the case of Crohn's disease, 38% (3/8) in the case of ileal‐vaginal fistula after ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis, 30% (3/10) in the case of obstetrical RVF, 33% (1/3) in the case of post radiotherapy RVF and 40% (4/10) for other causes (not significant). Two risk factors for failure of GP were found on univariate analysis: (1) absence of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis—only 3/24 (13%) patients with failure of GP received postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis versus 18/37 (49%) patients with success of GP (P = 0.0053); (2) postoperative perineal infection—11/23 (48%) with failure of GP developed postoperative perineal infection versus only 4/37 (10%) patients with success of GP (P = 0.0021).ConclusionsFailure of GP for RVF is observed in approximately 40% of the patients whatever the aetiology of the fistula. A reduced failure rate was associated with systematic postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis.
The role of laparoscopic surgery in repeat ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease
Authors: Carmichael Heather , Peyser Daniel , Baratta Vanessa M. , Bhasin Deepika , Dean Adrienne , Khaitov Sergey , Greenstein Alexander J. , Sylla Patricia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimLaparoscopic surgery is the preferred approach for primary uncomplicated ileocolic resection (ICR); however, its role for repeat resections is unclear. This study assessed the outcomes of primary and repeated ICRs for Crohn's disease to examine rates of laparoscopy and patient morbidity.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted at a tertiary centre between 2013 and 2019. All patients undergoing ICRs for Crohn's disease were included. The cohort was divided into three groups based on number of resections—primary (1R), secondary (2R) and tertiary or more (>2R) groups. The primary outcome was 30‐day postoperative morbidity.ResultsOver a 6‐year period, 474 patients underwent ICR for Crohn's disease, including 369 primary (1R, 77.8%) and 105 repeat (≥2R, 22.2%) resections. A laparoscopic approach was less common in the ≥2R versus 1R groups (79.0% vs. 93.8%, P < 0.001), but rates of conversion to an open procedure were comparable. Morbidity was higher amongst repeat resections although this was not significant (20.0% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.18). Amongst cases approached laparoscopically (n = 429), rates of conversion and postoperative morbidity did not differ by stage of resection, although operative time was longer for repeat operations. Even in the group undergoing laparoscopy for tertiary or greater resections (>2R, n = 29), the rates of conversion (10%) and morbidity (14%) were relatively low.ConclusionIn this contemporary series of primary and reoperative ICR for ileal CD, a laparoscopic approach is feasible and safe for the majority of repeat ICRs when performed at a high volume centre.
Atelectasis in primary graft dysfunction survivors after lung transplantation
Authors: Li David , Abele Jonathan , Weinkauf Justin , Kapasi Ali , Hirji Alim , Varughese Rhea , Nagendran Jayan , Lien Dale , Doucette Karen , Halloran Kieran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary graft dysfunction (PGD) is an important contributor to early mortality in lung transplant recipients and is associated with impaired lung function. The radiographic sequelae of PGD on computed tomography (CT) have not been characterized.MethodsWe studied adult double lung transplant recipients from 2010 to 2016 for whom protocol 3‐month post‐transplant CT scans were available. We assessed CTs for changes including pleural effusions, ground glass opacification, atelectasis, centrilobular nodularity, consolidation, interlobular septal thickening, air trapping and fibrosis, and their relationship to prior post‐transplant PGD, future lung function, post‐transplant baseline lung allograft dysfunction (BLAD), and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD).ResultsOf 237 patients studied, 50 (21%) developed grade 3 PGD (PGD3) at 48 or 72 h. PGD3 was associated with increased interlobular septal thickening (p = .0389) and atelectasis (p = .0001) at 3 months, but only atelectasis remained associated after correction for multiple testing. Atelectasis severity was associated with lower peak forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and increased risk of BLAD (p = .0014) but not with future CLAD onset (p = .7789).ConclusionsSevere PGD was associated with atelectasis on 3‐month post‐transplant CT in our cohort. Atelectasis on routine CT may be an intermediary identifiable stage between PGD and future poor lung function.
Predictors for and outcomes after bone marrow biopsy in Scandinavian patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Gotschalck Madeleine Andersson , Nørgaard Mette , Risbo Nickolaj , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Bahmanyar Shahram , Ghanima Waleed , Alam Naufil , Frederiksen Henrik , Nielson Carrie M. , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo examine predictors for bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and the outcome following BMB in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP).MethodsWe identified patients diagnosed with cITP during 2009‐2017 and obtained information on BMB, cITP treatment and subsequent thrombotic events, hospitalized bleeding, hematological cancer, and death using data from population‐based healthcare databases and medical records in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.ResultsAmong 4471 adults (≥18 years) with cITP, 1683 (37.6%) underwent BMB before cITP diagnosis, while cumulative BMB incidence after cITP diagnosis date was 3.1% at 1 year and 7.5% at 5 years. Predictors of having a BMB after cITP diagnosis included older age, male sex, low baseline platelet count, splenectomy, and number of cITP treatments. Compared with patients without BMB, patients with BMB had higher rates of thrombotic events (1 year adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.53 [95% CI, 0.92‐2.54]), hospitalized bleeding episodes (1 year adjusted HR 1.72 [95% CI, 1.15‐2.58]), hematological cancer (1 year adjusted HR 35.26 [95% CI 17.67‐70.34]), and all‐cause mortality (1 year adjusted HR 1.97 [95% CI, 1.44‐2.68]).ConclusionPatients who undergo BMB after cITP diagnosis represent a subset of patients with more severe disease and increased rates of complications as well as hematological malignancies.
A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 2: Clinical indications and techniques
Authors: Rønnow Kjærulff L. N. , Lindegaard C. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis is the second of a two‐part review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses (CEAA). In Part 1, we provided a detailed review of the efficacy and safety of epidurally administered drugs showing that the epidural administration of many different drugs can provide effective regional anaesthesia or analgesia with only minimal side effects. In Part 2, the clinical indications and benefits of CEAA are reviewed and a detailed practical guide on how to perform an epidural injection and insert an epidural catheter is provided.
Deformation and ductile fracture of nanocrystalline gold ultrathin nanoribbon: Width effect
Authors: Liu Jialin , Fan Xiaofeng , Shi Yunfeng , Singh David J. , Zheng Weitao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the mechanical properties of finite‐width nanocrystalline gold nanoribbons with a thickness of one grain size under tensile strain. We find strong variations in the Young's modulus and flow stress especially for the sample with narrow width. With statistical analysis, Young's modulus has a trend of increase with the decrease of width. Flow stress does not follow this trend. Ductile fracture is observed at large strain in these nanocrystalline nanoribbons, but the fracture strain and mechanism are different from those of thick films as observed in existing experiments. For small widths below 80 nm, fracture is a necking effect, while for larger widths, shear bands and formation of nanovoids due to stress concentration are the main mechanism. Voids are mainly distributed in special GBs that are parallel to the direction of the maximum principal stress of the plastic deformation tensor. We find there is a width regime (about 80–130 nm) for the ultrathin nanoribbon gold, which have good ductility and large fracture strain.
Nationalist Ideas and the Colonial Episteme: The Antinomies Structuring Sociological Traditions of India
Authors: Patel Sujata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper traces the growth of sociology in India through three phases. The first phase, it argues, begins in the 30s with the slow consolidation of the discipline. In this phase, sociology was associated with the Indological perspective and the social was perceived in culturist terms and analysed through the prism of the past, in and through Sanskrit texts. In the second phase, which begins in the early 60s, when University education expands in India, this indigenous perspective is re‐framed. There is a shift from textual studies to empirical investigation and the village becomes the site for studying Indian civilization. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the social anthropological perspective of M.N. Srinivas whose theories on village and caste influenced the sociological imagination in this phase. The third phase starts in the late 70s with the growth of social movements of the subalterns which challenge the received culturist nationalist sociological imagination. Today sociology together with other social sciences are at crossroads in India due to the impact of neoliberalism. The latter has encouraged privatisation of education, decreased state funding in material and human resources and an increased state control on academia. All three have affected the autonomy of the teachers and as well the University system and thus the efforts to chart a new sociological imagination in which the Indian social is perceived in global comparative terms. It is difficult to assess which turn sociology in India will take in these circumstances.
Between North and South: Historicizing the Indigenization Discourse in Chinese Sociology
Authors: Chen Hon‐Fai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to examine the indigenization discourse in mainland China by charting its evolution in shifting historical contexts. Three phases are distinguished. In the 1980’s, the idea of indigenization or “sinicization” was promulgated by Taiwanese and American Chinese social scientists. In taking up the idea, the early indigenization discourse in mainland China embraced rather than rejected positivism and modernity. The second phase is the 1990’s to 2000’s, when remarkable efforts at indigenization were made in the theory of social change, social psychology and post‐positivist philosophy. Yet these efforts did not constitute a pointed critique of Western social science. Most recently, there is a revival of interest in the indigenization idea, as evident in a major controversy over its adequacy and relevance in the Chinese context. While the call for indigenization is gaining currency, there is a concurrent trend of coalescence with the state‐sanctioned program of building “discursive power”.
Prospective evaluation of a change in dietary therapy in dogs with steroid‐resistant protein‐losing enteropathy
Authors: Jablonski Wennogle S. A. , Stockman J. , Webb C. B. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical effect of dietary alteration as a sole change to therapy in dogs with steroid‐resistant protein‐losing enteropathy.Materials and MethodsProspective study. Eligible enrolled dogs received dietary alteration as sole change to their therapeutic plan. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index and serum albumin were monitored for the 3‐month study period. Long‐term follow‐up data were also available for some of the study participants.ResultsFifteen dogs were eligible for enrollment over the study period. Twelve were enrolled, 10 remained in the study at 30 days, nine completed the 3‐month study period. Following dietary alteration, eight of 10 dogs achieved complete remission, one dog achieved partial remission and one dog had no response. Seven of eight dogs achieving complete remission have remained in remission up to 4 years following study. In dogs with complete remission, median Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index score was 11.5 and 4, and median serum albumin concentration was 15 g/L and 26 g/L at 0 and 14‐28 days, respectively.Clinical SignificanceDogs with protein‐losing enteropathy with previous lack of response to a combination of dietary therapies, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive medications can achieve remission following a dietary change. Improvement is likely to be seen within 14 to 30 days. A change in dietary approach may be an alternative to further immunosuppression or anti‐inflammatory strategies in some dogs with difficult to treat protein‐losing enteropathy.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight mass spectrometry: Protocol standardisation, comparison and database expansion for faster and reliable identification of dermatophytes
Authors: Shaw Dipika , Ghosh Anup K. , Paul Saikat , Singh Shreya , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Kaur Harsimran , Narang Tarun , Dogra Sunil , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccurate and early identification of dermatophytes enables prompt antifungal therapy. However, phenotypic and molecular identification methods are time‐consuming. MALDI‐TOF MS‐based identification is rapid, but an optimum protocol is not available.ObjectivesTo develop and validate an optimum protein extraction protocol for the efficient and accurate identification of dermatophytes by MALDI‐TOF MS.Materials/methodsTrichophyton mentagrophytes complex (n = 4), T. rubrum (n = 4) and Microsporum gypseum (n = 4) were used for the optimisation of protein extraction protocols. Thirteen different methods were evaluated. A total of 125 DNA sequence confirmed clinical isolates of dermatophytes were used to create and expand the existing database. The accuracy of the created database was checked by visual inspection of MALDI spectra, MSP dendrogram and composite correlation index matrix analysis. The protocol was validated further using 234 isolates.ResultAmong 13 protein extraction methods, six correctly identified dermatophytes but with a low log score (≤1.0). The modified extraction protocol developed provided an elevated log score of 1.6. Significant log score difference was observed between the modified protocol and other existing protocols (T. mentagrophytes complex: 1.6 vs. 0.2–1.0, p < .001; T. rubrum: 1.6 vs. 0.4–1.0, p < .001; M. gypseum:1.6 vs. 0.2–1.0, p < .001). Expansion of the database enabled the identification of all 234 isolates (73.5% with log score ≥2.0 and 26.4% with log scores range: 1.75–1.99). The results were comparable to DNA sequence‐based identification.ConclusionMALDI‐TOF MS with an updated database and efficient protein extraction protocol developed in this study can identify dermatophytes accurately and also reduce the time for identifying them.
Ideology, Fetishism, Apophaticism: Marxist Criticism and Christianity
Authors: Saunders Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores Christianity's ambiguous relationship to capitalism by engaging Marx's notion of the fetishism of commodities as a way of rethinking Marxism's critique of religion from the standpoint of political economy. Following Etienne Balibar's distinction between the theory of ideology and Capital's theory of fetishism, I examine how the later Marx conceived of religion as socially conditioned by the society of commodity production, which takes on religious dimensions. Commodities are the basis for a concept of fetishism which commands total subjection, alienating human beings under capitalism. This critical focus also reveals Christianity in its totalizing role as a symbolic structure shaped by the inescapable logic of exchange-value, money, and universal equivalents. Nonetheless, Christianity retains the impetus to anti-fetishism, provided it unites with the Marxist science of critical perception. This anti-fetishistic union focuses on the transparent and revolutionized social relations of real presence as the nonalienated reverse of fetishism's false presence. A critical apophaticism, tempered by the materialist amendments of Marika Rose and Slavoj Žižek, offers the bridge to such a union and highlights the anti-fetishistic avenues of failure and utopia.
Heritage Versus Hate: Assessing Opinions in the Debate over Confederate Monuments and Memorials
Authors: Cooper Christopher A. , Huffmon Scott H. , Knotts H. Gibbs , McKee Seth C. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study evaluates factors that might explain southerners’ opinions toward Confederate monuments.MethodWe conduct a series of multivariate analyses of opinions toward Confederate monuments based on a poll of 789 respondents who live in the American South.ResultsThe majority of southerners surveyed want to leave Confederate monuments where they are, place a marker next to them for historical context, or place them in a museum. Southerners who express high levels of racial resentment are more likely to want to leave monuments where they are, without additional context. Southern identity has no effect on opinions toward Confederate monuments.ConclusionsSoutherners are divided in their opinion on symbols of the Confederacy. Racial resentment explains much more of opinions on Confederate monuments than southern identity, suggesting that “hate” rather than “heritage” is the primary driver of opinions on these symbols of the South's Confederate legacy.
The Influence of Cycle-to-Cycle Hydrocarbon Emissions on Cyclic NO:NO2 Ratio From a HSDI Diesel Engine
Authors: Leach Felix , Shankar Varun , Davy Martin , Peckham Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of the NO:NO2 ratio emitted from a diesel engine is particularly important for ensuring the highest performance of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) NOx after-treatment systems. As real driving emissions from vehicles increase in importance, the need to understand the NO:NO2 ratio emitted from a diesel engine during transient operation similarly increases. Previous work by the authors identified significant differences in NO:NO2 ratio throughout the exhaust period of a single-engine cycle, with proportionally more NO2 being emitted during the blowdown period compared to the rest of the exhaust stroke. At the time it was not known what caused this effect. In this study, crank-angle resolved NO and NO2 measurements using fast response chemiluminescence detector (CLD) (for NO) and a new fast laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instrument (for NO2) have been taken from a single-cylinder high-speed light-duty diesel engine at three different speed and load points including a point with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). In addition, crank-angle resolved unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) measurements have been taken simultaneously using a fast flame ionization detection (FID). The NOx emitted per cycle and the peak cylinder pressure of that cycle have shown high correlation coefficients (R2 &lt; 0.97 at all test points) in this work. In addition, a variation of the NO:NO2 ratio through the engine's exhaust stroke is also observed indicative of in-cylinder stratification of NO and NO2. A new link between the NO:NO2 ratio and the UHC emissions from an individual engine cycle is observed - the results show that where there are higher levels of UHC emissions in the first part of the exhaust stroke (blowdown), perhaps caused by injector dribble or release from crevices, the proportion of NO2 emitted from that cycle is increased. This effect is observed and analyzed across all test points and with and without EGR. The performance of the new fast LIF analyzer has also been evaluated, in comparison with the previous state-of-the-art and standard “slow” emissions measurement apparatus showing a reduction in the noise of the measurement by an order of magnitude.