bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Municipal Solid Waste Management Practice in Yirgalem Town, Sidam Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Yirdaw Meride , Habtu Nigus Gabbiye , Molla Mikias Biazen , Ulsido Mihret Dananto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Municipal solid waste is not properly treated and handled in less developed countries such as Ethiopia. Consequently, it pollutes the air, groundwater, and soil, which results in a negative impact on the hygienic conditions of the people, and the environment. This study aimed to assess existing municipal solid waste management practices in Yirgalem Town. Result: The survey result revealed that 73.2 % of the participants considered their surroundings clean and 83% of the respondents knew more about solid waste management. This result showed that only 38% of the households have access to door -to- door solid waste collection services in the Town. Yirgalem Town does not have a well managed municipal solid waste disposal site, thus every waste generated from the town is discarded into an open dumping area. More than 50.9% of the respondents feel unsatisfied with the current solid waste management services. Most solid waste management practices (knowledge, recycling and reusing, participation, and sorting and disposal practices) are significantly associated with gender, age and monthly income level of socio-demographic characteristics (p <0.05). However, other socio-demographic characteristics such as marital status, educational background, and job status and house ownership were not significantly associated with solid waste management practices. (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In general, poor institutional structure, lack of skilled manpower, finance and equipment and tools are the major challenges faced by the municipality of Yirgalem Town. Thus, an integrated and inclusive solid waste management system is required to strengthen future waste management strategies and policies.
Outdoor Public Recreation Spaces And Social Connectedness Among Adolescents
Authors: Rivera Elise , Veitch Jenny , Loh Venurs HY , Salmon Jo , Cerin Ester , Mavoa Suzanne , Villanueva Karen , Timperio Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Outdoor public recreation spaces are important settings for leisure and physical activity. Adolescents’ use of these spaces may be related to their social connectedness; however, research on this topic is limited. This study examined associations of frequency of visitation and physical activity in outdoor public recreation spaces with social connectedness among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia. Methods: Adolescents self-reported their frequency of visitation to parks, trails, beach/lake, and sports facilities; frequency of physical activity in a park, local street or path, and their street; and social connectedness. Separate analyses were conducted for visitation (n=349, 15.4±1.6 years, 58% female) and physical activity (n=441, 15.4±1.6 years, 59% female) using multilevel linear regression models. Results: No significant associations were observed for frequency of visitation to a park (B = 0.86, 95% CI= -0.26, 1.99), trails (B = 0.41, 95% CI= -0.61, 1.44), beach/lake (B = -0.44, 95% CI= -1.46, 0.57), or sports facilities (B =0.64, 95% CI= -0.43, 1.70), nor for frequency of physical activity in their street (B = -0.07, 95% CI= -0.46, 0.31), local streets/paths (B = -0.05, 95% CI= -0.43, 0.33) or in parks (B = 0.23, 95% CI= -0.14, 0.60) with adolescents’ social connectedness. Conclusions: The findings did not support the hypothesis that visiting and being active in outdoor public recreation spaces are associated with adolescents’ social connectedness. Future research should consider the duration and context of outdoor public recreation space use (e.g., sports, socialising, relaxing alone) and whether different types and/or a combination of public spaces are more/less conducive to social connectedness.
Social Isolation Induces Neuroinflammation And Microglia Overactivation, While Dihydromyricetin Prevents And Improves Them.
Authors: Omran Alzahra J Al , Shao Amy S , Watanabe Saki , Zhang Zeyu , Zhang Jifeng , Xue Chen , Watanabe Junji , Davies Daryl L. , Shao Xuesi M. , Liang Jing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country's mental health treatment cost. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients still exhibit treatment-resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. Further, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home order, social isolation, fear of the pandemic, and unprecedented times, the incidence of anxiety has dramatically increased. Previously, we have demonstrated dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of social isolation-induced anxiety. Because GABAergic transmission modulates the immune system in addition to the inhibitory signal transmission, we investigated the effects of short-term social isolation on the neuroimmune system.Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed under absolute social isolation for 4 weeks. The anxiety like behaviors after DHM treatment were examined using elevated plus maze and open field behavioral tests. Gephyrin protein expression, microglial profile changes, NF-κB pathway activation, cytokine level, and serum corticosterone were measured. Results: Socially isolated mice showed increased anxiety levels, reduced exploratory behaviors, and reduced gephyrin levels. Also, a dynamic alteration in hippocampal microglia were detected illustrated as a decline in microglia number and overactivation as determined by significant morphological changes including decreases in lacunarity, perimeter, and cell size and increase in cell density. Moreover, social isolation also induced an increase in serum corticosterone level and activation in NF-κB pathway. Notably, DHM treatment counteracted these changes.Conclusion: The results suggest that social isolation contributes to neuroinflammation, while DHM has the ability to restore neuroinflammatory changes induced by anxiety.
A Retrospective Study Assessing the Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Linked to Diabetic Foot Ulcer Incidence in Jiaxing, China
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Mao Minjie , Shao Yichuan , Yu Danlu , Tang Shengjie , Yang Yinling , Xu Chenggao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the common serious complications of diabetes, which is an important cause of death and disability, and is associated with diabetic vascular disease and diabetic neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors for diabetic foot among a diabetic population. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort review. The population studied was 348 male examinees of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), in which age-matched equal examinees (174 patients each) were with diabetic foot (DF Group) and with no indication of diabetic foot (non-DF group), hospitalized in the same year at The First Hospital of Jiaxing, China. Medical records were reviewed to collect clinical profile, including duration of disease, smoking, previous diabetic foot incidence, and medication (such as metformin). Categorical data between groups were analyzed using chi-square test (χ2). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used for multi-factor analysis to identify the risk factors of diabetic foot. Results: Comparing the baseline data of DF Group and non-DF Group, age, course of disease, LDL-C and use of metformin showed no significant difference (P >0.05). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history (OR=1.88, P=0.020), previous diabetic foot history (OR=2.290, P=0.016), Hcy (OR=1.194, p≤0.001) were independent risk factors for diabetic foot disease, and HgB (OR =0.984, P=0.021) was the protective factor of diabetic foot disease in male subjects. Age (OR=0.985, P=0.304), course of disease (OR=1.048, P=0.233), history of metformin use (OR=0.851, P=0.509), HbA1c (OR=1.302, P=0.059), LDL-C (OR=0.936, P=0.698), Creatinine (OR =1.010, P=0.326), and ALB (OR =0.943, P=0.084) were not significantly correlated with diabetic foot disease. Conclusions: Smoking, previous diabetic foot history, and homocysteine are independent risk factors for diabetic foot disease. HgB is the protective factor of diabetic foot disease in male patients.
Isolation and Screening of Antagonistic Actinomycetes for Potential Application in The Control of Pathogenic Bacteria in Contaminated Waste
Authors: Dahdah Kamal , Nourine Heidar , Boughambouz Amel , Sebti Sarra , Bouchaala Laid , Nabti El-hafid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Organic wastes for agricultural use represents a real agronomic interest but also a risk for public and animal health. Actinomycetes present a potential source of bioactive compounds with multiple applications.
Methods

Among the 88 isolates of actinomycetes obtained from different samples, we selected a strain identified, thanks to macro- and microscopic characters, as Streptomyces sp. SCM21. This strain showed these potentialities to produce antibacterial metabolites against the pathogenic bacteria tested (S. aureus, B. cereus and S. enteritidis) when cultivated in liquid and solid fermentation. Solid-state fermentation was conducted using sewage sludge as substrate.
Results

This is the first time that sewage sludge has been used to produce antibacterial metabolites by a strain of actinomycetes in solid-state fermentation. In addition, solid-state fermentation moistened with distilled water gave better antibacterial activity with good sporulation of Streptomyces sp. CSM21.
Conclusion

The product of solid-state fermentation can be used in the management of contaminated waste to control pathogenic bacteria.
The effective interventions to improve long-term physiotherapy exercise adherence among patients with lower limb osteoarthritis. A systematic review
Authors: Cinthuja Pathmanathan , Krishnamoorthy Nidhya , Shivapatham Gamalendira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that severely effects work life balance impacting psychosocial and socio-economic aspects. Physiotherapy exercise is one of the intervention methods for the management of OA. Adherence to the exercise by patients is essential for the effective management of OA. Objectives: To determine different methods used to enhance physiotherapy exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis and to report the effective method to enhance exercise adherence among people with lower limb osteoarthritis. Design: Systematic review Methods: PubMed, Pedro, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2020. The date of data extraction was 04 September 2020. Two independent researchers conducted literature search, assessed eligibility, extracted data, conducted methodology quality assessment using the PEDro scale, and conducted risk of bias assessment. A narrative synthesis of key outcomes is presented; preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review was used to report the review. The study protocol was registered in the Prospero (Prospero ID: CRD42020205653). Results: The primary search strategy identified 5839 potentially relevant articles, of which 5157 remained after discarding duplicates. After screening based on title and abstract, 40 papers were potentially eligible for inclusion. Five of these papers met all predefined eligibility criteria. Introducing methods to enhance exercise adherence has caused a significant increase in exercise adherence for the short term (less than six months or 12 months). There were no significant differences, long-term adherence with different methods, reported. The results indicate that booster sessions (89.69%) and telephone-linked communication (86%) had higher percentages for the exercise adherence. Secondary outcomes such as pain, stiffness, function, show positive outcomes with increasing exercise adherence. However, there were no significant differences reported. Conclusion: The booster sessions and telephone-linked communication appear to enhance exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis. However, a number of high-quality studies are inadequate to confirm our findings. Therefore, more studies with higher methodological quality are needed to determine the best strategies to enhance long-term exercise adherence among people with osteoarthritis. Key terms: Osteoarthritis, Long term, Exercise adherence
Cryo-EM structures reveal the electromotility mechanism of prestin, the cochlear amplifier
Authors: Futamata Haon , Fukuda Masahiro , Umeda Rie , Yamashita Keitaro , Takahashi Satoe , Shikakura Takafumi , Hayashi Shigehiko , Homma Kazuaki , Nishizawa Tomohiro , Nureki Osamu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Outer hair cell electromotility, driven by prestin, is essential for mammalian cochlear amplification. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of thermostabilized human prestin (hPresTS), complexed with chloride, sulfate, or salicylate at 3.52–3.61 Å resolutions, revealing a crossed dimeric arrangement. The central positively-charged cavity allows flexible binding of various anion species, resulting in distinct modulations of nonlinear capacitance (NLC), playing an important role in electromotility. Comparisons of these hPresTS structures suggest rigid-body movement between the core and gate domains, and provide mechanistic insight into prestin inhibition by salicylate. Mutations at the dimeric interface severely diminished NLC, suggesting that stabilization of the gate domain facilitates core domain movement, thereby contributing to the expression of NLC. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying mammalian cochlear amplification.
Advanced Optimal Control-Based Design of a Gough-Stewart Platform
Authors: Zhu Minglei , Song Shijie , Gong Dawei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Designing a robot with the best accuracy is always the attractive research direction in robot community. In order to create a Gough-Stewart platform with guaranteed accuracy performance for a dedicated controller, this paper describes a novel advanced optimal design methodology: control-based design methodology. This advanced optimal design method considers the controller positioning accuracy in the design process for getting the optimal geometric parameters of the robot. In this paper, three types of visual servoing controllers are applied to control the motions of the Gough-Stewart platform: leg-direction-based visual servoing, line-based visual servoing and image moment visual servoing. Depend on these controllers, the positioning error models considering the camera observation error together with the controller singularities are analyzed. In the next step, the optimization problems are formulated in order to get the optimal geometric parameters of the robot and the placement of the camera for the Gough-Stewart platform for each type of controller. Then, we perform the co-simulations on the three optimized Gough-Stewart platforms in order to test the positioning accuracy and the robustness with respect to the manufacturing errors. It turns out that the optimal control-based design methodology helps getting both the optimum design parameters of the robot and the performance of the controller {robot + dedicated controller}.
Identification of a Promiscuous Conserved CTL Epitope Within the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Wu Shuting , Zhao Gan , He Yue , Guo Xinrong , Zhang Zhiyu , Hou Jiawang , Ding Yuan , Cheng Alex , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is devastating to the global public health and economy. To date, over a hundred COVID-19 vaccines are known to be under development and the few that have been approved to fight the disease are using the spike protein as the primary target antigen. Although virus neutralizing epitopes are mainly located within the RBD of the spike protein, the presence of T cell epitopes, particularly the CTL epitopes that are likely to be needed for killing infected cells, has received comparatively little attention. In this study, we predicted several potential T cell epitopes with web-based analytic tools, and narrowed them down from several potential MHC‑I and MHC‑II epitopes by ELIspot and cytolytic assays to a conserved MHC‑I epitope. The epitope is highly conserved in current viral variants and compatible with presentation by most HLA alleles worldwide. In conclusion, we identified a CTL epitope suitable for evaluating the CD8+ T cell-mediated cellular response and potentially for addition into future COVID-19 vaccine candidates to maximize CTL responses against SARS-CoV-2.
Where Do the World’s Squirrel Hotspots and Coldspots of 230+ Species Go with Climate Change 2100? A First BIG DATA Minimum Estimate from an Open Access Climate Niche Rapid Model Assessment
Authors: Steiner Moriz , Huettmann Falk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Man-made climate change and its impact on the living world remain the problem of our time waiting for a good science-based resolution. Here, we focus on forecasting the global squirrel population as a representative but overlooked species group for the year 2100. This was possible by using 230 publicly available Species Distribution Model prediction maps for the world’s squirrels (233 out of 307; 75%). These distribution forecasts are originating from 132 GIS predictors, implemented with an ensemble of three machine learning algorithms (TreeNet, RandomForest, and Maxent). We found that most of the world’s squirrel ranges will be shifting (usually towards higher altitudes and latitudes) and remain/ become more fragmented; some species extend their range, and many can ‘spill’ into new landscapes. Considering that here we just ran a Rapid Assessment of Big Data, dealing with a climate niche envelope of the future but not the entire more holistic perspective of climate change and 2100, we assume wider serious changes will occur for squirrels, their habitats, and the world in the future Anthropocene of 2100. These changes can lead to more stress, genetic loss, extinction, and increased zoonotic disease transmissions, and this process will occur with an increased gradient over time.
Osteoclast-Derived Extracellular miR-106a-5p Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Facilitates Bone Defect Healing
Authors: Wu Yutong , Ai Hongbo , Zou Yuchi , Xu Jianzhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are considered to play critical roles in intercellular communications during normal and pathological processes since they are enriched with miRNAs and other signal molecules. In bone remodeling, osteoclasts generate large amounts of sEVs. However, there is very little research about whether and how osteoclast-derived sEVs (OC-sEVs) affect surrounding cells. In our study, microarray analysis identified miR-106a-5p highly enriched in OC-sEV. Further experiments confirmed that OC-sEVs inhibited Fam134a through miR-106a-5p and significantly promoted bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic mineralization in vitro. Next, we prepared sEV-modified demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as a repair scaffold, and used a calvarial defect mouse model to evaluate the pro-osteogenic activities of the scaffold. In vivo result indicated DBM modified with miR-106a-5p-sEVs showed an enhanced capacity of bone regeneration. This important finding further emphasizes that sEV-mediated miR-106a-5p transfer play critical roles in osteogenesis and indicate a novel communication mode between osteoclasts and BMSCs.
Emergency endovascular treatment using a Viabahn stent graft for upper and lower extremity arterial bleeding: a retrospective study
Authors: Ueda Tatsuo , Murata Satoru , Tajima Hiroyuki , Saito Hidemasa , Yasui Daisuke , Sugihara Fumie , Mizushima Shohei , Mine Takahiko , Kawamata Hiroshi , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Kumita Shin-ichiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA Viabahn stent graft (SG) is a heparin-coated self-expandable SG for lower extremity arterial disease that exhibits high flexibility and accuracy in the delivery system. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of emergency endovascular treatment (EVT) using a Viabahn SG for upper and lower extremity arterial bleeding (ULEAB).MethodsConsecutive patients with ULEAB who underwent emergency EVT using the Viabahn SG between January 2017 and August 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The indications for EVT, location of artery, technical success, clinical success, limb ischemia, periprocedural complications, bleeding-related mortality, 30-day mortality, diameter of the target artery, diameter of the SG, neck length, re-bleeding, endoleaks, and patency of the SGs at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were evaluated.ResultsEVT using Viabahn SG was performed in 22 patients (mean age: 72.0 years; 11 males) and 23 arteries (upper: 6, lower: 17). The indications for EVT were pseudoaneurysm (n=13, 59.1%), extravasation (n=9, 39.1%), and inadvertent arterial cannulation (n=1, 4.3%). The anatomical locations of the 23 ULEAB injuries were the brachiocephalic (1 [4.3%]), subclavian (3 [13.0%]), axillary (1 [4.3%]), brachial (1 [4.3%]), common iliac (4 [17.4%]), external iliac (8 [34.8%]), common femoral (2 [8.7%]), superficial femoral (2 [8.7%]), and popliteal (1 [4.3%]) arteries. The technical and clinical success rates were 100%. The rates of limb ischemia, periprocedural complications, and bleeding-related mortality were 0%, whereas the 30-day mortality rate was 22.7%. The mean diameters of the arteries and SGs were 7.7 and 8.9 mm, respectively. The mean neck length was 20.4 mm. No endoleaks or re-bleeding occurred during the follow-up period (mean: 169 days). Two SG occlusions without limb ischemia occurred in the external iliac artery and brachial artery after 1 and 4 months, respectively. Subsequently, cumulative SG patency was confirmed after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months in 91.7%, 91.7%, 81.5%, and 81.5% of patients, respectively.ConclusionsEmergency EVT using the Viabahn SG for ULEAB was effective and safe according to short-term outcomes. Appropriate size selection and neck length are important for successful treatment. SG patency was good after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.