bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of lightning disturbance at 150 kV high voltage power lines
Authors: Alfita R , Ibadillah A F , Nahari R V , Pramudia M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The power transmission line channels electrical energy from power plants to consumers through diverse natural conditions. East Java is an area with a unique topography, where clouds causing rain and lightning are frequently formed. Such clouds strongly interfere with the 500 kV Extra High Voltage Line (SUTET), causing a lightning strikes. Therefore, the lightning strikes along the channel needed to be analyzed. The random method used in this research measured the lightning safety at the tower, within a quarter of the distance from the tower and half the distance from the tower (Lightning disturbance due to back flashover) Based on the calculation, the highest number of disturbances in the phase wire per 100 km2 of conductor per year has obtained and (SFO) was 1.073399.10-3. while tower impedance has found at 273.6219 Ohms.
Genetic polymorphism of GHR|Ssp and Pit1|Stu1 loci of twin and multiple births in local peranakan Ongole cattle
Authors: Anggraeni A , Talib C , Asmarasari S A , Saputra F , Misrianti R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Twin or multiple births may happen in beef cattle. Growth family genes directly control on growth traits, but also can affect on fertility of animal. This study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms of GHR and Pit1 genes in local Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle from twin and multiple births (M) compared to single birth (S). PO cattle as samples originated from four provinces of South Kalimantan, South Sumatra, Central Java and East Java. SNP variants of the GHR|Ssp locus at exon 8 (A/T) and Pit1|Stu1 locus at exon 3 (C/T) were analyzed by PCR RFLP technique. Allelic frequenciest of the GHR exon 8 g.914T>A locus of the two birth types were high for T allele (M = 78.1–100%, S = 71.4–100%) over A allele. Meanwhile the Pit1 exon 3 c.577C>T locus was monomorphic for the finding only C allele (100 %) without T allele. Some genetic indexes were also calculated for heterozygosity observation (Ho), heterozygosity expectation (He), effective number of alleles (Ne), fixation index (Fis) and polymorphism of information content (PIC). These values were not different between single and multiple births. The conclusion was that allelic frequenciest and genetic index values were almost similar between the two birth types of the local PO cattle.
A single nucleotide polymorphism of CAPN1 gene region 3’UTR in Bali cattle
Authors: Dairoh  , Jakaria  , Ulum M F , Sumantri C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus), as Indonesian origin genetic resources, is domesticated from banteng (Bibos banteng). Bali cattle have the potential to be developed as producer of premium beef. Genes that have important role in meat quality are calcium-activated neutral protease genes, as known as calpains (CAPN). Calpains are classified as Ca2+ dependent intracellular cysteine proteases, including the ubiquitously expressed μ-calpain (CAPN1) and m-calpain (CAPN2). The purpose of this study was to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) region 3’UTR CAPN1 gene in beef cattle. Polymorphism of CAPN1 gene was analyzed by direct DNA sequencing method in 42 Bali cattle that compared with 11 Belgian Blue, 7 Limousine, 12 Pasundan, and 12 Katingan. The result showed that CAPN1 gene has 7 polymorphic SNPs (g.15284 C>T, g.15347 T>G, g.15525 G>A, g.15674 C>T, g. 15853 G>A, g.15905 G>A and g.15915 G>A) in Bali cattle. These SNPs that polymorphic in Bali cattle were monomorphics in Belgian Blue, Limousine, Pasundan and Katingan cattle. Only one SNP g.15853 G>A in Bali cattle was polymophics in Belgian Blue. Deletion was detected that 8 nucleotides deletion (CTCCCTCC) occurred in Bali, Pasundan, and Katingan cattle at position g.15795 – g.15802, while Belgian Blue and Limousine cattle the deletion was not found.
Reproduction and growth characteristics of ducks and local white Muscovy in Indonesia
Authors: Susanti T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Currently at IRIAP, MASTER ducks have been produced as stock superior laying ducks. Efforts to maintain consistency its egg production, both of the parent stock of MASTER duck namely the Alabimaster-1 Agrinak and Mojomaster-1 Agrinak ducks have been selected based on egg production. In addition, PMp ducks have been produced as broiler ducks that can be mated with Muscovy to produce mule ducks. The productivity related to the growth and eggs production in those ducks has been widely disclosed, however, information on their reproductive characteristics was still very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive characteristics of ducks and white Muscovy that were being developed in IRIAP. The materials in this study were 515 birds consisted of Alabimaster-1, Mojomaster-1, PMp and white Muscovy that were in the layer phase. The variables observed were reproductive characteristics and the growth of ducks in the starter period. The results showed that the fertility obtained was relatively high namely ranging 93% in layer ducks, 85% in PMp ducks and 76% in Muscovy. The hatchability rate of layer ducks was included in the medium category with values ranging 63%. Meanwhile, the hatchability of PMp duck and Muscovy was in the low category, namely 50% and 14% respectively. Embryonic mortality in ducks was relatively moderate, namely 35–37%, while in Muscovy was relatively very high, i.e around 93%. The growth of ducks and Muscovy in starter periode were normal stage.
Identification of animal derivatives contained in commercial chicken feeds using multiplex-PCR
Authors: Cahyadi M , Mayori P E , Hadi R F , Pramono A , Wibowo T , Abdurrahman Z H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Availability of commercial feeds for chicken force farmers to use them due to the practicality than hand formulated feed. Cannibalism and spread of infectious disease may be occurred by feed without knowing its contents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine species contained in commercial feeds for chicken using multiplex-PCR mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b gene. This study used five commercial feeds for chicken produced by five different companies as samples. They were namely PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, and PK5. Hand-made meat meals from goat, chicken, bovine, and pig were used as positive controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from those samples, and they were used as DNA template for PCR. The PCR products were then visualized using 2% agarose gels under the UV light. The results showed that some samples were positively containing animal derivatives. The PK1 sample contained chicken, bovine, and pig which are respectively indicated by 227, 274, and 398 bp of DNA bands. Moreover, PK4 and PK5 samples contained bovine species. On the other hand, PK2 and PK3 samples did not contain animal derivatives, especially four species used as markers in this study. It can be concluded that animal derivatives have been detected in three commercial feeds for chicken using the multiplex-PCR technique. This study recommended avoiding a commercial feed for chicken since it contained chicken derivatives to prevent cannibalism.
Effect of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms on lamb odor and flavor in Indonesian sheep
Authors: Harahap R S , Noor R R , Gunawan A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The CYP2E1 gene (Cytochrome P450 2E1) plays an important role in the regulation of skatole and androstenone in liver tissue. The aimed of this study was to investigate of the effect of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms on lamb odor and flavour in Indonesian sheep. A total sample of 100 rams consisting of 20 Javanese fat-tailed (JFT), 20 Javanese thin-tailed (JTT), 20 compass Agrinak sheep (CAS), 20 Barbados cross sheep (BCS), and 20 Garut composite sheep (GCS) aged 10–12 months old were used. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to identify the polymorphism of CYP2E1 genes. The association of the CYP2E1 genotypes with lamb odor and flavour were performed using T-test. The result showed that there were polymorphisms in CYP2E1 gene indicated by three genotypes namely GG (401 bp), GT (138, 263, and 401 bp), and TT (138 and 263 bp). Gene frequency of CYP2E1 (g.50657948 T>G) was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The GT genotype was common in the population studied. Association of the CYP2E1 genotypes with lamb odor and flavour revealed a significant association (P<0.05) with the skatole (MI). The GG genotype had the highest skatole when compared to other genotypes. The SNP g.50657948 T>G of CYP2E1 gene might be a useful candidate marker for selecting sheep meat with desirable odor and flavour.
The potential of growth traits between Limousin and Ongole Crossbred (PO) cattle at Tuban, Indonesia
Authors: Putri R F , Widodo N , Kuswati  , Suyadi S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During growth, cattle increase in weight, size, and also in muscle tissue proportions. Wide variability of carcass traits can be used as base selection on cattle growth. Carcass traits are economical traits that influenced by a complex network of gene interactions in the muscle, and tools such as RNA Sequencing can be used to identify gene interaction for improve important traits. This study aimed to identify the variability of live weight, body measurement and carcass weight of Limousin and PO cattle. A total of 25 animals were used in this research. The results showed that all of body measurements of Limousin cattle were higher than in PO cattle. Live weight and carcass weight of Limousin cattle were higher than PO cattle. Chest grith and body height had a significant correlation in Limousin cattle, meanwhile all of body measurements and carcass weight were not significant in PO cattle. The research concluded that PO and Limousin had a different carcass weight.
Genotyping of Mx Gene Related to Avian Influenza (AI) Using PCR-RFLP Analysis on KUB Chicken
Authors: Sartika T , Hapsari A A R , Komarudin  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mx gene is antiviral molecules which is part of the innate immune response. In chicken, antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus and the H5N1 virus has been reported to be dependent on the presence of asparagine (A) at position 631 of the Mx protein. The objective of this study was to detect the genotype of Mx gen on KUB chicken as a basis to do molecular selection on natural antibody trait. A total of 120 KUB chicken were used in this study. DNA fragment of Mx gene was amplified and analyzed using PCR-RFLP method. Three types of restriction enzymes (RsaI, SspI and HpaI) were used to determine Mx gene genotype. The results showed that the frequency of the Mx gene genotype on KUB chicken was polymorphic. The AA genotype frequencies resulted from RsaI, SspI and HpaI restriction enzymes were 0.50, 0.425 and 0.283, respectively. While the AG genotype frequencies were 0.40, 0.492 and 0.634; and GG genotypes were 0.10, 0.083 and 0.083, respectively. The frequency of A and G alleles were 0.657 and 0.343. KUB chicken population in this study remained at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and three types of restriction enzyme could be used to detect Mx gene.
Urea treatment of rice straw: A modelling approach of its degradation kinetics in the rumen
Authors: Ridla M , Dewi M , Laconi E B , Jayanegara A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to compare between rice straw and urea-treated rice straw with regard to their chemical composition and degradation kinetics in the rumen by employing a modelling approach. Data were collected from various journal articles that comprised of chemical composition (crude protein [CP], neutral detergent fiber [NDF], acid detergent fiber [ADF] and lignin) and degradation kinetic parameters of organic matter (soluble fraction, degradable, undegradable, degradation rate and lag time). Comparison was performed by using a statistical mixed model methodology in which treatments (control vs urea-treated rice traw) were considered as fixed effects whereas different studies were considered as random effects. These data were then used as parameters to build a dynamic model of rice straw degradation in the rumen. Results showed that urea treatment increased CP (P<0.001) while decreased NDF (P<0.01) contents of rice straw. The ADF and lignin contents were similar between the control and urea-treated rice straw. Proportion of degradable fraction and degradation rate of rice straw were enhanced due to urea treatment (P<0.001). However, the treatment did not influence soluble fraction and lag time of the material. Microbial biomass and total volatile fatty acid production in the rumen changed dynamically over time and the values were higher for the urea-treated rice straw.
The effect of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) leaf shoot meal as an antioxidant and antibacterial against Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli
Authors: Wardiny T M , Sumiati  , Retnani Y , Setyono A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indonesia as a tropical country is rich in biological resources, among which are known as herbal plants. One of the herbs that are often used is Noni (Morinda citrifolia), which has been reported to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Noni Leaf Shoot Meal (NLSM) to inhibit Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli as poultry ration. Two hundred and forty kampong chickens of 4 weeks old were reared until 12 weeks old. The diet treatments were R0= 0% NLSM (control), R1= 0.5% NLSM, R2= 1% NLSM, R3= 1.5% NLSM, R4= 2% NLSM, and R5= 2.5% NLSM. Six treatments and four replications are used with ten kampung chickens per replicate. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The parameters measured were phytochemical analysis, vitamin A, beta carotene, Malondialdehida (MDA) blood, inhibition zone diameter, and Clearance test. Results showed that NLSM could reduce MDA blood and bacterial concentration. It is concluded that lower MDA concentration in kampong chicken blood indicates that NLSM contains high antioxidants. NLSM can reduced bacterial concentration in chicken blood so it can be used as a natural antibacterial to improve kampong chickens production and immune system.
Effect of synchronizing the rate degradation of protein and organic matter of feed base on corn waste on fermentation characteristic and synthesis protein microbial
Authors: Anggraeny Y N , Mariyono  , Pamungkas D , Soetanto H , Kusmartono  , Hartutik  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Synchronization of feed sources of energy and protein can produce a positive influence on microbial protein synthesis, especially in ruminants that are fed low quality feed such as corn waste. Corn waste, including corn straw and corn peri carp are widely used as beef cattle feed. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of synchronizing the rate degradation of protein and energy of feed base on corn waste on rumen fermentation characteristic and synthesis protein microbial on 24 hours in vitro condition. The three synchronization index levels in corn-based feed waste are 0.4 (low); 0.5 (moderate) and 0.6 (high) were used in this study. Characteristics of rumen fermentation observed were pH, individual volatile fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid), NH3, C02, CH4, degradation of organic matter, microbial protein production, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Increasing the synchronization index level caused a significant increase (P<0.05) of NH3 (53.60 to 59.07 mg/L) and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (14.83 to 17.87) , but high synchronization index decrease (P<0.05) the concentration of acetic acid (22.45 mM to 15.95 mM), estimated CO2 (18.69 to 15.50 mol) and CH4 (11.49 to 7.98) in rumen fluid. This result indicated that the improvement of synchronization index can improve the productivity of livestock through increase efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and it reduce global warming.
The effect of Kelor (Moringa oleifera) seed meal on productive performance, carcass traits, and meat cholesterol of broiler chickens
Authors: Sugiarto  , Toana N M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Kelor seed meal has been believed to be rich in protein and available in many tropical countries. A study was conducted to determine the effect of kelor seed meal on productive performance, carcass traits, and meat cholesterol of broiler chickens. The study used a total of 100 day—old-unsexed Cobb broiler chicks. The birds were distributed into 5 brooders for one week. On day 3, the chicks were vaccinated against New Castle diseases. On days 7, the chicks were transferred into 20 pens. The birds were fed 5 experimental diets throughout the study according to a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% kelor seed meal, respectively. The diets and water were supplied ad-libitum. Parameters measured were feed intake, body weight gain, FCR, meat cholesterol, carcass and non-carcass percentage. The data found in this study were subject to the analysis of variance. The differences detected in the analysis of variance were further tested with the Tukey test. The results of the study showed that supplementation of the diets with kelor seed meal did not affect (P>0.05) feed intake, percentages of the carcass, meat, and bone. Bodyweight gain, FCR, meat, and abdominal fat and meat cholesterol were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. In conclusion, the addition of 2% to 8% kelor seed meal in the diet increased body weight gain with the highest body weight gain of birds fed the 6% and 8% kelor seed meal. Percentages of fat and cholesterol were lower in birds fed the diets containing kelor seed meal.
Introduction of 16% crude protein concentrate and Ca-FA feed to increase milk production for dairy cows on smallholder farms in Bogor Regency
Authors: Puastuti W , Magrianti T , Hanifah V W , Sianturi R G , Romjali E , Talib C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to improve the quality of feed to increase milk production of dairy cows at smallholder farms in Bogor Regency. Treatment for feed quality improvement consisted of G1: 16% crude protein (CP) concentrate + calcium fatty acid (Ca-FA); G2: 16% CP concentrate + without Ca-FA; G3: 12–14% CP concentrate + Ca-FA; G4: 12–14% CP concentrate + without Ca-FA (as a control), respectively. Experimental feeding was carried out for 3 months. The results showed that feeding of 16% protein concentrate and Ca-FA had a significant effect (P<0.05) on milk production vs control (G1 = 13.76 L, G2 = 10.16 L, G3 = 16.29 L vs G4 = 7.67 L), increased consumption of dry matter, protein, fat, and feed energy, respectively. Ca-FA supplementation had a significant effect (P<0.05) on Ca and P consumption only in cows received G3. Feeding of 16% CP concentrate increased protein intake so that the ration protein content increased to G1 = 14.25%; G2 = 13.98% vs G3 = 12.87%; G4 = 12.37%. In the current study can be concluded that diet improvement through the feeding of 16% CP concentrate and Ca-FA increased milk production by the increased consumption of feed nutrients.
The influence of Phyllanthus niruri L. powder and Zn-bacitracin antibiotics on the relative weight of carcasses and intestines of broiler
Authors: Pasaribu T , Sukirman M , Wibowo N R , Kostaman T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Phyllanthus niruri L (meniran) is included in Euphorbiaceae which is easy to grow in various geographies and has active compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phyllanthin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the administration of Phyllanthus niruri L powder to the relative carcass weight, upper thighs, lower thighs, back, breast, wings and weights and the relative length of the intestine, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broiler chickens. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments, 4 replications, each replication consisted of 10 DOC with the following treatments: T1 (without antibiotics and P. niruri L powder (Control); T2 (Zn-bacitracin 0.05%) ; T3 (Phylanthus niruri L. powder 0.0157%); T4 (Phylanthus niruri L. powder 0.0313%); T5 (Phylanthus niruri L. powder 0.0470%). The results showed that life weight and relative weight of carcass, back, breast, upper thighs, lower thighs, wings, back, head + neck, legs, and abdominal fat were not significantly different (P>0.05) between treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5. But the real breast relative weight (P<0.05) was higher in the T5 treatment compared to T2, T3, and T4. Likewise, the relative weight and length of the small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were not significant (P>0.05) between all treatments. It was concluded that the treatment of P. niruri L. powder up to 0.0470% was not significant with the Zn-bacitracin treatment on live weight and relative weight of carcass , back, breast, upper thighs, lower thighs, wings, back, hackle + neck, legs, and abdominal fat. Also the relative weight and length of the small intestine, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Except for the P. niruri L. powder 0.0470% treatment that the relative weight of the breast was significantly higher than the Zn-bacitracin treatment, P. niruri L. powder 0.0157% and 0.0131%.
Extraction of uronic acid from Sargassum crassifolium and its feeding effects on the immunity of Lohman chicken eggs
Authors: Kereh V G , Untu I M , Najoan M , Lumi T F D , Telleng M M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of antibiotics is currently banned because it can cause resistance to pathogenic bacteria and cause residues in products. This study aimed to see the effect of drinking water containing uronic acid extracted from Sargassum crassifolium (S. crassifolium) on the immunity of Lohman chicken eggs. One hundred and twenty laying hens were divided into 2 groups: (1) chickens given commercial feed containing antibiotics and (2) feed without additional antibiotics. The chickens were randomly assigned to one of the 5 brown seaweed supplementation treatments in drinking water A1=0.0% S.crassifolium (control); A2=2.5% S.crassifolium; A3=5.0% S.crassifolium; A4=7.5% S.crassifolium; A5=10.0% S.crassifolium. The study used a completely randomized factorial design of 5 treatments, 2 factors, and 3 replications. Each replication consisted of 6 heads of laying hens. There were differences between treatments on titer antibody but were no difference on infection of Salmonella sp the Conclusion. The uronic acid extracted from S. crassifolium has been able to increase the immunity of Lohman chicken eggs.
The stability of the BS4 enzymes activity on the process of feed pelleting
Authors: Haryati T , Sinurat P A , Hamid H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BS4 mannanase enzyme can increase the digestibility of chicken feed containing 20% palm kernel cake. The palm kernel cake was produced by Eupenicillium javanicum molds through coconut cake solid substrate fermentation. In its application as a feed additive, the stability of activity is something that must be considered. This study was conducted to evaluate the stability of the saccharification activity of BS4 enzymes against heating around 90°C in the feed pelleting process. The treatment was used with and without pelleting the process of starter and finisher phases broiler feed with BS4 and commercial enzymes’ addition. The parameter measured was the activity of saccharification of palm kernel cake. The results showed that the pelleting process is very influential on BS4 enzymes and can reduce 65.8 to 68.4% of its saccharification activity. While on commercial enzymes, the decrease is about 6%. It can be concluded that the BS4 enzyme is very susceptible to heat in the pelleting process so that technology is needed to protect the stability of its activity.