bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new parameter identification method of a dual‐rotor flux‐modulation machine based on an adaptive differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Mao Yuan , Niu Shuangxia , Yang Yun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the wide applications of dual‐rotor flux‐modulation machines for the growing wind power generations, research activities for the control of dual‐rotor flux‐modulation machines are intensified in recent years. Most of the existing control schemes are based on indirect measurements of the d‐axis inductance, the q‐axis inductance and the stator resistance to achieve high torque density and low torque ripple for the dual‐rotor flux‐modulation machines. However, conventional measurements of the d‐axis inductance, the q‐axis inductance and the stator resistance may suffer from (i) low accuracy and (ii) additional sensor costs. To this end, an adaptive differential evolution algorithm is proposed to identify the machine parameters by considering the magnetic saturation and cross‐coupling issue at low rotational speed of dual‐rotor flux‐modulation machines. Finite element analysis is adopted in simulation to preliminarily monitor the actual machine parameter values based on the length and cross section area of the conductor and inductance matrix computation. Both simulation and experimental results reveal that the adopted adaptive differential evolution algorithm can identify the three parameters more steadily and accurately than the conventional genetic algorithm.
Plug‐in electric vehicles smart charging mechanisms for cost minimization and ancillary service provision
Authors: Aldhanhani Tasneim , Shaaban Mostafa , Al‐Durra Ahmed , El‐Saadany Ehab , Zeineldin Hatem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe increasing number of Plug‐in Electric Vehicles (PEV) connected to the grid will create challenges to be addressed and opportunities that can be ceased. One challenge is the load shape dynamics, which might result in increasing the loading level on the distribution lines. On the other hand, there is an opportunity to use the PEV stored energy to provide ancillary services to the grid. Therefore, this paper proposes a new PEV charging mechanisms that not only aid in ancillary service provision, but also help in reducing the charging cost and avoiding the extra investment in peak generation units while maximizing the integrated PEVs. The proposed approach utilizes three stages to ensure the satisfaction of PEV owners with different preferences and to respect the grid limitations. The main objective is to develop different charging mechanisms for charging PEV's in the parking lots to ensure the maximum satisfaction of the PEV owners by fulfilling their charging requirements with the minimum possible cost. The developed algorithm relies on a moving time window to address the real‐time changes and considers the participation of PEVs in the frequency regulation and peak shaving. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through simulation using real data.
Sensing node selection and mobile sink displacement in the environments with multiple targets
Authors: Saadatdoost Leila , Motameni Homayun , Hosseini Andargoli Seyed Mehdi , Ghazalian Reza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn target tracking scenarios, a suitable sensor selection method in combination with designing mobile sinks (MSes) movement path is a promising solution to maximise the lifetime of the wireless sensor network (WSN). The lifetime optimization problem is non‐deterministic polynomial‐time hardness (NP‐hard) and its optimal solution requires an exhaustive search with the exponential complexity. To tackle this issue, the original problem is separated into two more tractable sub‐problems: first, the MSes' assignment and their positions' calculations, second, the SN assignment problem. The SNs assignment problem is an integer programing, which is relaxed to the more tractable form. Moreover, its solution results in a priority function which is combined with a numerical search algorithm to select the SNs. In the proposed framework, based on the estimated path of each target, a MS is assigned to the target. Besides, the MSes optimum position in the next rounds are calculated. Afterwards, for each target at each round, sensing nodes (SNs) are selected based on the targets' position and the MSes' position. Simulation results show that proposed solution increases the network's lifetime considerably in comparison with the benchmark algorithms while its complexity is much lower than that of the optimal exhaustive search algorithm.
The effect of the centrifugal acceleration on period spacings of gravito-inertial modes in intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Henneco J. , Van Reeth T. , Prat V. , Mathis S. , Mombarg J. S. G. , Aerts C. 
Published: February 2021

Context. The Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) space telescopes delivered high-precision, long-duration photometric time series for hundreds of main-sequence stars, revealing their numerous gravito-inertial (g) pulsation modes. This high precision allows us to evaluate increasingly detailed theoretical stellar models. Recent theoretical work extended the traditional approximation of rotation, a framework to evaluate the effect of the Coriolis acceleration on g modes, to include the effects of the centrifugal acceleration in the approximation of slightly deformed stars, which so far have mostly been neglected in asteroseismology. This extension of the traditional approximation was conceived by re-deriving the traditional approximation in a centrifugally-deformed, spheroidal coordinate system.
Aims. We explore the effect of the centrifugal acceleration on g modes and assess its detectability in space-based photometric observations.
Methods. We implemented the new theoretical framework to calculate the centrifugal deformation of pre-computed 1D spherical stellar structure models and computed the corresponding g-mode frequencies, assuming uniform rotation. The framework was evaluated for a grid of stellar structure models covering a relevant parameter space for observed g-mode pulsators.
Results. The centrifugal acceleration modifies the effect of the Coriolis acceleration on g modes, narrowing the equatorial band in which they are trapped. Furthermore, the centrifugal acceleration causes the pulsation periods and period spacings of the most common g modes (prograde dipole modes and r modes) to increase with values similar to the observational uncertainties of the measured period spacing values in Kepler and TESS data.
Conclusions. The effect of the centrifugal acceleration on g modes is formally detectable in modern space photometry. The implementation of the used theoretical framework in stellar structure and pulsation codes will allow for more precise asteroseismic modelling of centrifugally deformed stars in order to assess its effect on mode excitation, trapping, and damping.
The intermediate neutron capture process
Authors: Choplin A. , Siess L. , Goriely S. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Results from observations report a growing number of metal-poor stars showing an abundance pattern midway between the s- and r-processes. These so-called r/s-stars raise the need for an intermediate neutron capture process (i-process), which is thought to result from the ingestion of protons in a convective helium-burning region, but whose astrophysical site is still largely debated.
Aims. We investigate whether an i-process during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of low-metallicity low-mass stars can develop and whether it can explain the abundances of observed r/s-stars.
Methods. We computed a 1 M⊙ model at [Fe/H] = −2.5 with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL, using a nuclear network of 1091 species (at maximum) coupled to the transport processes. The impact of the temporal and spatial resolutions on the resulting abundances was assessed. We also identified key elements and isotopic ratios that are specific to i-process nucleosynthesis and carried out a detailed comparison between our model and a sample of r/s-stars.
Results. At the beginning of the AGB phase, during the third thermal pulse, the helium driven convection zone is able to penetrate the hydrogen-rich layers. The subsequent proton ingestion leads to a strong neutron burst with neutron densities of ∼4.3 × 1014 cm−3 at the origin of the synthesis of i-process elements. The nuclear energy released by proton burning in the helium-burning convective shell strongly affects the internal structure: the thermal pulse splits and after approximately ten years the upper part of the convection zone merges with the convective envelope. The surface carbon abundance is enhanced by more than 3 dex. This leads to an increase in the opacity, which triggers a strong mass loss and prevents any further thermal pulse. Our numerical tests indicate that the i-process elemental distribution is not strongly affected by the temporal and spatial resolution used to compute the stellar models, but typical uncertainties of ±0.3 dex on individual abundances are found. We show that specific isotopic ratios of Ba, Nd, Sm, and Eu can represent good tracers of i-process nucleosynthesis. Finally, an extended comparison with 14 selected r/s-stars show that the observed composition patterns can be well reproduced by our i-process AGB model.
Conclusions. A rich i-process nucleosynthesis can take place during the early AGB phase of low-metallicity low-mass stars and explain the elemental distribution of most of the r/s-stars, but cannot account for the high level of enrichment of the giant stars in a scenario involving pollution by a former AGB companion.
A lower bound on the global powerful alliance number in trees
Authors: Ouatiki Saliha , Bouzefrane Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

For a graph G = (V, E), a set D ⊆ V is a dominating set if every vertex in V − D is either in D or has a neighbor in D. A dominating set D is a global offensive alliance (resp. a global defensive alliance) if for each vertex v in V − D (resp. v in D) at least half the vertices from the closed neighborhood of v are in D. A global powerful alliance is both global defensive and global offensive. The global powerful alliance number γpa(G) is the minimum cardinality of a global powerful alliance of G. We show that if T is a tree of order n with l leaves and s support vertices, then
$ {\gamma }_{{pa}}(T)\enspace \ge \enspace \frac{3n-2l-s+2\enspace }{5}$
. Moreover, we provide a constructive characterization of all extremal trees attaining this bound.
Wearables in der Schlaganfallmedizin
Authors: Baumgartner Christoph , Baumgartner Jakob , Pirker-Kees Agnes , Rumpl Elke 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungUnter Wearables versteht man in die Kleidung oder in tragbare Geräte integrierte Sensoren, die eine kontinuierliche Langzeitmessung von physiologischen Parametern, wie Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck, Atmung, Bewegung, Hautwiderstand usw. und/oder Bewegungsmustern ermöglichen. In der Schlaganfallmedizin eröffnen Wearables neue Optionen in der Diagnostik, Prävention und Rehabilitation.
Air circulation in a gastrointestinal light source box and endoscope in the era of SARS-CoV-2 and airborne transmission of microorganisms
Authors: Chaussade Stanislas , Ali Einas Abou , Hallit Rachel , Belle Arthur , Barret Maximilien , Coriat Romain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims The role that air circulation through a gastrointestinal endoscopy system plays in airborne transmission of microorganisms has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk of transmission and potential improvements in the system.
Methods We investigated and described air circulation into gastrointestinal endoscopes from Fujifilm, Olympus, and Pentax.
Results The light source box contains a lamp, either Xenon or LED. The temperature of the light is high and is regulated by a forced-air cooling system to maintain a stable temperature in the middle of the box. The air used by the forced-air cooling system is sucked from the closed environment of the patient through an aeration port, located close to the light source and evacuated out of the box by one or two ventilators. No filter exists to avoid dispersion of particles outside the processor box. The light source box also contains an insufflation air pump. The air is sucked from the light source box through one or two holes in the air pump and pushed from the air pump into the air pipe of the endoscope through a plastic tube. Because the air pump does not have a dedicated HEPA filter, transmission of microorganisms cannot be excluded.
Conclusions Changes are necessary to prevent airborne transmission. Exclusive use of an external CO2 pump and wrapping the endoscope platform with a plastic film will limit scatter of microorganisms. In the era of pandemic virus with airborne transmission, improvements in gastrointestinal ventilation systems are necessary to avoid contamination of patients and health care workers.
Outcomes in Unicameral Bone Cyst Management Utilizing a Decision Tree Algorithm Approach
Authors: Paez Conner J. , Grant Kenneth , Bomar James D. , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective To determine if utilization of a decision tree algorithm could improve the healing rate of unicameral bone cysts (UBCs).
Methods Creation of the decision tree algorithm was based on previous literature and assessment of our clinical practice. Demographic, treatment, and radiographic data were collected retrospectively. Radiographic healing was determined using the Neer classification. Healing rate, as well as clinical/radiographic characteristics, were compared based on adherence to the treatment algorithm.
Results Forty-seven subjects were included. Mean age at initial surgery was 10.0 ± 3.3 years in children following the algorithm and 9.1 ± 3.2 years in those deviating from the algorithm (p = 0.393). Follow-up was found to be similar among those following the algorithm (37.5 ± 15.8 months) and those deviating from the algorithm (45.2 ± 24.6 months), p = 0.38. Children who followed the algorithm healed at a rate of 75%, while children who deviated from the algorithm healed at a rate 67% (p = 0.552).
Conclusions Although we reject our hypothesis that a decision tree algorithm for the management of UBCs in the pediatric population could improve the healing rate, we believe that we uncovered some utility in applying an algorithm to this pathology. Our algorithm was designed to minimize risk to the child and maximize healing with the least number of surgical events. Treating surgeons should consider this proposed pathway to determine the best treatment and to help families understand that these lesions rarely heal with a single-event surgery.
A Rare Case of Wear Induced Complications after Cervical Disc Replacement
Authors: Roschke Elisabeth , von der Höh Nicolas H. , Dietz Andreas , Stingu Catalina Suzana , Gradistanac Tanja , Henkelmann Jeanette , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWear-induced complications after cervical disc replacement (CDR) are rare. A literature review on this topic found only a few case reports. We present a case of late complications after
implantation of two cervical disc replacements, which resulted in infectious/abrasion-induced mixed-type inflammation with extensive osteolysis. The diagnostic workup, surgical therapy and
outcome are presented and discussed with a review of the recent literature.
New Frontiers of Body Composition in Sport
Authors: Lukaski Henry , Raymond-Pope Christiana J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe body composition phenotype of an athlete displays the complex interaction among genotype, physiological and metabolic demands of a sport, diet, and physical training. Observational studies dominate the literature and describe the sport-specific physique characteristics (size, shape, and composition) of adult athletes by gender and levels of competition. Limited data reveal how body composition measurements can benefit an athlete. Thus, the objective is to identify purposeful measurements of body composition, notably fat and lean muscle masses, and determine their impact on the health and performance of athletes. Areas of interest include relationships among total and regional body composition measurements, muscle function, sport-specific performance, risk of injury, return to sport after injury, and identification of activity-induced fluid shifts. Discussion includes the application of specific uses of dual X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance including an emphasis on the need to minimize measurement errors and standardize protocols, and highlights opportunities for future research. This focus on functional body composition can benefit the health and optimize the performance of an athlete.
Primary Lymphoma of Internal Acoustic Meatus Mimicking Vestibular Schwannoma—A Rare Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Jayashankar Narayan , Kodur Swati , Patkar Deepak , Verma Mitusha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background/Setting A subject presenting with a unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and with vertigo/imbalance and a lesion of internal acoustic meatus (IAM) most often represents a vestibular schwannoma. Several alternative pathologies involving the region, with clinical and neuroradiological similarities, could lead to an error in judgement and management. Rare tumors of the IAM pose unique diagnostic difficulty. A rare case that we present here had a typical history and imaging findings suggestive of vestibular schwannoma. A primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma was diagnosed in later stages of brain involvement warranting a retrospective analysis of the entity.
Case Summary An 80-year-old male presented with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, and imbalance. On imaging, he was found to have a lesion in the left internal auditory meatus, reported as a vestibular schwannoma and operated upon. Subject's condition worsened with time and a repeat imaging was suggestive of a CNS lymphoma with lesions involving bilateral cerebellum and subcortical white matrix.
Conclusion To conclude, primary CNS lymphoma presenting an isolated lesion in the IAM with no other parenchymal lesions at presentation is a rare incidence; to our knowledge this is the first case of such unique presentation.
Implementation of a Physician-Based Stroke Unit in a Remote Hospital of North-East India-Tezpur Model
Authors: John Lydia , William Akanksha , Dawar Dimple , Khatter Himani , Singh Pratibha , Andrias Anjana , Mochahari Christina , Langhorne Peter , Pandian Jeyaraj 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective The study aims to determine the effects of implementing stroke unit (SU) care in a remote hospital in North-East India.

Materials and Methods This before-and-after implementation study was performed at the Baptist Christian Mission Hospital, Tezpur, Assam between January 2015 and December 2017. Before the implementation of stroke unit care (pre-SU), we collected information on usual stroke care and 1-month outcome of 125 consecutive stroke admissions. Staff was then trained in the delivery of SU care for 1 month, and the same information was collected in a second (post-SU) cohort of 125 patients.

Statistical Analysis Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare group differences. The loss to follow-up was imputed by using multiple imputations using the Markov Chain Monto Carlo method. The sensitivity analysis was also performed by using propensity score matching of the groups for baseline stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) using the nearest neighbor approach to control for confounding, and missing values were imputed by using multiple imputations. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated in univariate and multivariate regression analysis after adjusting for baseline variables. All the analysis was done by using SPSS, version 21.0., IBM Corp and R version 4.0.0., Armonk, New York, United States.

Results The pre-SU and post-SU groups were age and gender matched. The post-SU group showed higher rates of swallow assessment (36.8 vs. 0%, p < 0.001), mobility assessment, and re-education (100 vs. 91.5%, p = 0.037). The post-SU group also showed reduced complications (28 vs. 45%, p = 0.006) and a shorter length of hospital stay (4 ± 2.16 vs. 5 ± 2.68 days, p = 0.026). The functional outcome (modified ranking scale) at 1-month showed no difference between the groups, good outcome in post-SU (39.6%) versus pre-SU (35.7%), p = 0.552.

Conclusion The implementation of this physician-based SU care model in a remote hospital in India shows improvements in quality measures, complications, and possibly patient outcomes.
Complicated Acute Appendicitis during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Hidden Epidemic in Children
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Muñoz-Serrano Antonio J. , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , De Ceano-Vivas María , Calvo Cristina , Martínez Leopoldo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction Since home confinement for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, pediatric visits to the emergency department (ED) have decreased, including consultation for abdominal pain. Our aim is to investigate the incidence of complicated acute appendicitis (AA; peritonitis or appendicular mass) during confinement for COVID-19 pandemic and to compare it with the previous 5 years.
Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed in children with AA who underwent surgery between March 9 and April 13 from 2015 to 2020; patients were divided into six groups according to the year of surgery. We analyzed demographic variables, time from onset of symptoms, mean hospital stay, cumulative incidence, and incidence rate of complicated appendicitis.
Results A total of 168 patients were included with no differences in the number of patients, gender, and age between groups. Patients in 2020 (COVID-19 group) presented longer symptom progression time (46.8 hours; p = 0.046), higher rate of complicated appendicitis (48.4%; p = 0.004), longer mean hospital stay (4.9 days; p < 0.001), increased cumulative incidence (8.27 cases per 100,000 children per 0.1 years; p < 0.001), and increased incidence rate of complicated appendicitis (83 cases per 100,000 children; p < 0.001) when compared with other groups.
Conclusion Delayed ED visit of children with AA during home confinement lead to an increased rate of complicated appendicitis. It is crucial to make parents aware of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pain.