bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Gastrointestinal Syphilis: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Ferzacca Elizabeth , Barbieri Andrea , Barakat Lydia , Olave Maria C , Dunne Dana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Syphilis infections are increasing globally. Lower gastrointestinal syphilis (LGIS) is a rare manifestation of early syphilis transmitted through anal sexual contact. Misdiagnosis of LGIS as inflammatory bowel disease may result from clinician underawareness.

Methods
We searched the literature for articles describing cases of LGIS, and identified additional cases diagnosed within our institution. Data were extracted from the articles and medical records and analyzed to provide a summative account.

Results
Fifty-four cases of LGIS were identified in 39 articles published between 1958 and 2020. Eight additional cases were diagnosed at our institution between 2011 and 2020, totaling 62 cases. All cases were described in men and transwomen aged 15–73 years. Fifty (93%) individuals reported having sex with men. In 26 cases (52%), the individuals were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected. LGIS presented most commonly with hematochezia (67%) and anal pain (46%). The most common physical examination findings were rectal mass (38%), lymphadenopathy (31%), and rash (26%). Nontreponemal titers ranged from 1:2 to 1:1024. Of the 52 cases in which endoscopy was reported, 22 (42%) showed anorectal mass and 18 (35%) showed anorectal ulcer. In 44 cases (75%), histopathology revealed a chronic inflammatory infiltrate with a prominent lymphocyte component (45%) and/or plasma cells (36%). Seventy-eight percent of specimens to which a tissue stain was applied were positive for spirochetes.

Conclusions
LGIS should be suspected in men and transwomen presenting with a lower gastrointestinal symptom or mucosal abnormality. A sexual history must be elicited and guide testing. Misdiagnosis can delay treatment and threatens patient and public health.
Defining Fever
Authors: Mackowiak Philip A , Chervenak Frank A , Grünebaum Amos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although the term “fever” is used liberally in clinical publications, we provide evidence that it is rarely defined in terms of the minimum temperature used to qualify as a fever, the type of thermometer employed in measuring patients’ temperatures, or the site at which temperatures are taken. We maintain that in the absence of such information, the term “fever” is meaningless.
Psychological distress and resilience in a sample of Adolescents and Young Adults with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jacobson Clare , Mulholland Rebecca , Miller Nicola , Baker Laura , Glazer Daniel , Betts Emily , Brown Louise , Elders Vera , Ogundiran Olufunmilola , Carr Robert , Hudson Lee D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdolescents and young people (AYA) with cancer are at greater risk of psychological distress which can impact treatment. COVID-19 has resulted in changes to cancer care delivery and AYA have been disproportionately affected by economic and educational effects of COVID-19, potentially impacting on mental health. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on AYA with cancer is important to inform care.METHODSOnline survey of 16-24 year olds receiving cancer treatment at 8 cancer centres in the UK in December 2020. We measured: self-perceived increased anxiety since COVID-19, impact of COVID-19 on treatment, life and relationships and used the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-8), 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD) and the 2-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).RESULTS112 AYA participated (17.8% of total eligible). 62.8% were female, 67.3% were 21-24 years. 83% were white. 59.8% had previously experienced mental health difficulties. 67.9% received cancer treatment during the pandemic and 33.9% were diagnosed during the pandemic. 78.6% reported COVID-19 having a significant impact on their life, 55.4% on their key relationship and 39.3% on their treatment. 79% reported experiencing some degree of increased anxiety since COVID-19.43.4% had moderate-severe PHQ-8 scores and 37.1% for GADS-7. Self-report of impact on life was associated with greater anxiety during COVID-19 and moderate-severe PHQ-8 score (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.52 to 19.40, p <0.01; OR 5.23, 95%CI 1.65 to 16.56, p < 0.01). Impact on relationships was associated with greater anxiety and moderate-severe GADS-7and PHQ-8 score (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.11 to 7.54, p = 0,03; OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.32 to 15.17, p<0.01; OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.25, p =0.03). Greater CD-RISC score was associated with lower risk of anxiety and mod-severe GADS-7and PHQ-8 scores (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.41 to 0.81, p <0.01; OR 0.55 95% CI 0.4 to 0.72, p <0.01; OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.69, p <0.01)CONCLUSIONSWe found high levels of psychological distress in AYA with cancer, which is important knowledge for clinical teams working with this age group. Perceived impact of COVID-19 on relationships and life was predictive of poorer mental health, with resilience a potential protective factor.
Challenges of BIM implementation in GCC construction industry
Authors: Umar Tariq 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
In some regions including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region where construction is one of the main industries, the implementation of BIM is still at a slow rate. This article attempts to know the current situation of BIM and explore the challenges in the BIM implementation in the GCC construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed research approach that includes a systematic literature review and a survey questionnaire was adopted to achieve the aim of this research. For the systematic review, four main databases were search considering a period of 2010–2019 to identify the main challenges in the BIM implementation. A total of 39 different challenges from 47 documents were classified into four main categories. A structured questionnaire developed on these challenges was sent to 206 selected from the top construction organizations from all over the GCC region.

Findings
A total of 39 different challenges from 47 documents were classified into four main categories. The respondents for the questionnaire were selected from the top construction organization from all over the GCC region. A large number of the respondents (69.79%) reported that their organizations are planning for BIM implementation in their future projects. The results show that top challenges fall under the main categories of “Organization”, “Technical”, “Government and Legal” and “Environment”.

Research limitations/implications
While the paper provides an overview of BIM in a global context, however, the dynamics and maturity of the construction industry in different regions are quite different from each other. Since the data collected in this research is from the GCC region, the results are more relevant to the GCC region.

Practical implications
The finding of this research identifies the main challenges which GCC construction is facing in the implementation of BIM. The finding will, therefore, be useful for the key stakeholders to develop strategies to overcome these challenges and pave the road to take the advantages of BIM implementation in construction.

Social implications
The BIM implementation in the GCC construction industry will not only improve the performance of the industry but will also open the doors for new opportunities and employment. The BIM implementation in construction will help the region to achieve Goal 9 (industrial innovation and improved infrastructure) of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Originality/value
The results of this study help to understand the overall situation including the challenges in the BIM implementation in the GCC construction industry. This study will be helpful for all the stakeholders to develop strategies for the effective implementation of BIM in the GCC construction industry.
Validation of measurement scores for evaluating vascular anomaly skin lesions
Authors: Yasue Shiho , Ozeki Michio , Endo Saori , Ishihara Takuma , Nishiguchi‐Kurimoto Mana , Jinnin Masatoshi , Kawamura Miho , Seishima Mariko , Ohnishi Hidenori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVascular anomalies comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by abnormal proliferation or development of vascular and/or lymphatic vessels. Vascular anomalies present with various symptoms and complications, but no standardized methods evaluate their severity, and to measure treatment outcomes is difficult. To assess the responsiveness of measurement scores for evaluating vascular anomaly skin lesions, we conducted a validation study to compare these measurement scores with patients’ objective data. In this study, data were collected from treated and untreated patients. Skin lesions were photographed at baseline and after a follow‐up period of 3–6 months. The volume of skin lesions, the degree of red or purple coloration, and color tone were measured objectively. Two external dermatologists evaluated patients’ photographs and determined scores, which represented criteria for improvements in skin lesions (size and color) and 6‐point Physician Global Assessment scores. The correlation between these scores and patients’ objective data (lesion volume and color) was assessed to validate the scores. Twenty‐three cases of vascular anomaly (seven vascular tumors, five lymphatic malformations, three venous malformations, and eight lymphatic–venous malformations) were examined. Scores for improvements in vascular anomaly skin lesions (size and color) correlated with a change in lesion volume, the degree of red or purple coloration, color tone score, and 6‐point Physician Global Assessment score. Our findings suggest that these measurement scores are responsive to changes in vascular anomaly skin lesions after observation.
Ploughed under? Labour's Grassroots post‐Corbyn
Authors: Bale Tim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article uses a survey carried out by the ESRC‐funded Party Members Project in the immediate aftermath of the 2019 election to paint a portrait of Labour's post‐Corbyn membership. They are overwhelmingly white, well‐educated and largely middle class and middle‐aged, with many of them living in southern England. They are also disproportionately likely to work, either currently or previously, in the public or charitable sector. They are left‐wing but also very socially liberal, and they are very pro‐European. This means they have a lot in common with Labour MPs but much less in common with many of the voters Labour desperately needs to win back. A significant number of members, perhaps especially those disinclined to regard antisemitism as a serious problem, could leave as a result of Corbyn being replaced (and possibly removed) by Starmer. Whether this will have much impact on Labour's electoral prospects is debateable.
Effect of dietary concentrate content on feed intake, feed efficiency, and meat quality of Holstein steers fattened in a hot environment
Authors: Alqaisi Othman , Ali Haytham , Al‐Abri Mohammad , Johnson Eugene H. , Al‐Marzooqi Waleed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding high and low concentrate diets on feed intake and feed efficiency, the morphological characteristics of the rumen papillae, and meat quality of Holstein steers fattened under hot climate conditions in Oman. Ten male Holstein calves, of 5 months of age, were selected for the experiment. The animals were fed concentrate and Rhodes grass hay and were divided into two groups of high concentrate (HC, n = 5) and low concentrate diets (LC, n = 5), in which their feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency were evaluated across three growing periods. Feed intake and efficiency and average daily gain (ADG) of the HC group were significantly greater than for the LC group and were affected by the diet (p < .01) and the period (p < .001). Across the fattening periods, ADG declined in both groups, with ADG improved by 35% for steers on the HC diet compared to steers on the LC diet. Carcass meat quality was not affected significantly by the dietary concentrate level. In conclusion, our results can be used to make improvements in feed efficiency of Holstein steers under hot climate conditions.
Don’t Mention the Diet! A health promotion initiative to support healthy diet and lifestyle decision‐making by people with intellectual disability
Authors: Martin Anne‐Marie , Divane Síle , Twomey Sandra , O’Neill Lucia , McCarthy Joseph , Egan Caroline , Dalton Caroline , Caples Maria 
Published: March 2021

Accessible summary

People with intellectual disability have a right to have a say in how they want to live

Information about the importance of healthy eating and drinking can be difficult to understand

People with intellectual disability co‐produced an educational module around healthy eating and drinking and were actively involved in deciding what they wanted to learn about and planning how they would like to learn

This project helped people with intellectual disability to understand and make choices around their diet

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability have a right to be involved in and make decisions that affect them. This paper presents a health promotion initiative that was co‐produced with people with intellectual disability called Don't Mention the Diet! Evidence suggests this group experience challenges related to health literacy. Further, health promotion materials can be inaccessible. This project demonstrates how active involvement of people with intellectual disability in the design and provision of appropriate educational supports can assist them to make informed decisions about their diets and lifestyle.MethodsA collaborative patient and public involvement approach was adopted to ensure the development of a health promotion module that addressed the specific learning needs and knowledge gaps of students with intellectual disability in relation to diet and its impact on well‐being. An 8‐month module with a double‐helix structure intertwining educational and personal development elements was designed.OutcomesStudents who completed the module enjoyed its person‐centred and interactive approach. Equipped with information about the benefits of diet, exercise and other health‐related behaviours, they were empowered to make informed decisions on whether or not to adopt a healthy lifestyle.ConclusionsThe education of students with intellectual disability was supported by tailoring the teaching methods to meet their learning abilities. Further, the inclusion of co‐designers with intellectual disability was key to ensuring the successful module design and delivery. Listening to the self‐identified health education needs and responding collaboratively resulted in an educational initiative that met student's needs.
TGFβ1 induces resistance of human lung myofibroblasts to cell death via down‐regulation of TRPA1 channels
Authors: Virk Harvinder S. , Biddle Michael S. , Smallwood Dawn T. , Weston Cathryn A. , Castells Emily , Bowman Viona W. , McCarthy Jamie , Amrani Yassine , Duffy S. Mark , Bradding Peter , Roach Katy M. 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeTGFβ1‐mediated myofibroblast activation contributes to pathological fibrosis in many diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where myofibroblast resistance to oxidant‐mediated apoptosis is also evident. We therefore investigated the involvement of redox‐sensitive TRPA1 ion channels on human lung myofibroblasts (HLMFs) cell death and TGFβ1‐mediated pro‐fibrotic responses.Experimental approachThe effects of TGFβ1 stimulation on TRPA1 expression and cell viability was studied in HLMFs derived from IPF patients and non‐fibrotic patients. We also examined a model of TGFβ1‐dependent fibrogenesis in human lung. We used qRT‐PCR, immunofluorescent assays, overexpression with lentiviral vectors and electrophysiological methods.Key ResultsTRPA1 mRNA, protein and ion currents were expressed in HLMFs derived from both non‐fibrotic patient controls and IPF patients, and expression was reduced by TGFβ1. TRPA1 mRNA was also down‐regulated by TGFβ1 in a model of lung fibrogenesis in human lung. TRPA1 over‐expression or activation induced HLMF apoptosis, and activation of TRPA1 channel activation by H2O2 induced necrosis. TRPA1 inhibition following TGFβ1 down‐regulation or pharmacological inhibition, protected HLMFs from both apoptosis and necrosis. Lentiviral vector mediated TRPA1 expression was also found to induce sensitivity to H2O2 induced cell death in a TRPA1‐negative HEK293T cell line.Conclusion and ImplicationsTGFβ1 induces resistance of HLMFs to TRPA1 agonist‐ and H2O2‐mediated cell death via down‐regulation of TRPA1 channels. Our data suggest that therapeutic strategies which prevent TGFβ1‐dependent down‐regulation of TRPA1 may reduce myofibroblast survival in IPF and therefore improve clinical outcomes.
Monitoring FTD in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer administered FTD plus bevacizumab as first‐line treatment
Authors: Fujimoto Yoshiaki , Oki Eiji , Qiu Shichao , Nakanishi Ryota , Makiyama Akitaka , Miyamoto Yuji , Kotaka Masahito , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Ando Koji , Kimura Yasue , Kitao Hiroyuki , Maehara Yoshihiko , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is an orally administrated anticancer drug with efficacy validated for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) or gastric cancer. FTD, a key component of FTD/TPI, exerts antitumor effects via its incorporation into DNA. Using specific antibodies against bromodeoxyuridine, FTD incorporation into DNA is detected in tumors and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with mCRC who are administered FTD/TPI. The proportion of FTD‐positive PBMC fluctuates according to the schedule of treatment, although the association between the proportion of FTD‐positive PBMC and the clinical outcomes of patients is unknown. To answer this question, here we monitored the FTD‐positive PBMC of 39 elderly patients with mCRC enrolled in KSCC1602, a single‐arm phase 2 trial of FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab as a first‐line treatment, for 1 month, during the first cycle of treatment. The median values and interquartile ranges of the percentage of FTD‐positive PBMC on days 8, 15, and 29 were 39.3% (30.7%‐52.2%), 66.9% (40.0%‐75.3%), and 13.5% (5.7%‐26.0%), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the percentage of FTD‐positive PBMC on day 8 (the end of the first week of treatment) had moderate ability to accurately diagnose the occurrence of severe neutropenia and leukopenia within 1 month (area under the curve = 0.778 [95% confidence interval, 0.554‐0.993]). This result suggests that excess FTD incorporation into PBMC at the initial phase of FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab treatment is a risk factor for early onset of severe hematological adverse events.
Changed ophthalmic workload following introduction of digital retinal photography for retinopathy of prematurity screening
Authors: Tram Joshua S. , Golding Bernadette M. , Lim Christine , Kuschel Carl A. , Elder James E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundROP screening is vital in care of premature infants but is considered burdensome, difficult and time consuming for ophthalmologists. This study assessed the reduction in workload following the introduction of nurse‐led WFDRI to a large neonatal nursery.MethodsWe report a retrospective audit of 628 infants screened for ROP in the years 2010, 2013 and 2019 at the Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria. The last complete year of screening for ROP using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) alone (2010) was compared with two subsequent years after the introduction of nurse‐led WFDRI. The main outcome measures were the time taken to report and document WFDRI and the time taken to undertake BIO examination of a premature infant and document the results.ResultsThe ophthalmologist's time taken to conduct BIO, review images and document the results per 100 patient examinations was reduced from 16.7 hours before introduction of WFDRI to 3.7 hours. Similarly, the weekly time spent on this component of ROP screening fell from 2.3 hours per week to 0.8 and 1.0 hours per week after introduction of WFDRI.ConclusionsThe introduction of nurse‐led WFDRI has resulted in a dramatic and sustained reduction in ophthalmologist workload involved in ROP screening in a large Australian neonatal nursery. This may result in improved retention of the ophthalmic workforce required to undertake ROP screening.
‘It's good because my sister is young, and she knows what's going on’: Children's views about their young kinship carers
Authors: Kiraly Meredith , Kertesz Margaret 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMuch literature about kinship care has focused on the issues facing grandparent carers. An Australian research project explored the experience and support needs of young kinship carers and children in their care through analysis of census data and in‐depth interviews with young kinship carers and children/young people. This article describes the views of 16 young people. These young people expressed satisfaction with their home life and spoke of improvement over time in their wellbeing, mental health, and schooling. While they appreciated their carers' attunement to the world of young people, they articulated many challenges for themselves and their carers, including the burden on their carers, the challenge of adjusting to their carers' parental role, and financial pressures. They wanted greater access to counselling and casework services in order to deal with the impacts of family trauma.
Research with young children: Exploring the methodological advantages and challenges of using hand puppets and draw and tell
Authors: Coyne Imelda , Mallon Deirdre , Chubb Emma 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the methodological advantages and challenges of participatory tools used in research with young children in Ireland. Taking a child‐centred approach, hand puppets and ‘draw and tell’ helped elicit children's expressions and meanings. Both techniques assisted in shifting the power balance between children and researchers, encouraged dialogue, created a fun atmosphere and promoted children's participation. When children are given the space, opportunity and means, and with skilled facilitation, they can clearly share their perspectives and meanings. It is important that researchers and practitioners use techniques that will facilitate and maximise young children's competencies, agency and preferences.