bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducible families of codes and cryptographic applications
Authors: Santini Paolo , Persichetti Edoardo , Baldi Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStructured linear block codes such as cyclic, quasi-cyclic and quasi-dyadic codes have gained an increasing role in recent years both in the context of error control and in that of code-based cryptography. Some well known families of structured linear block codes have been separately and intensively studied, without searching for possible bridges between them. In this article, we start from well known examples of this type and generalize them into a wider class of codes that we call ℱ-reproducible codes. Some families of ℱ-reproducible codes have the property that they can be entirely generated from a small number of signature vectors, and consequently admit matrices that can be described in a very compact way. We denote these codes as compactly reproducible codes and show that they encompass known families of compactly describable codes such as quasi-cyclic and quasi-dyadic codes. We then consider some cryptographic applications of codes of this type and show that their use can be advantageous for hindering some current attacks against cryptosystems relying on structured codes. This suggests that the general framework we introduce may enable future developments of code-based cryptography.
ROTI maps of Greenland using kriging
Authors: Beeck S. S. , Jensen A. B. O. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
GNSS satellite signals are affected by the media when traversing Earth’s atmosphere, and the performance of GNSS based positioning and navigation is correlated with these effects. In the ionosphere, the signals are affected by the number of electrons along the signal path which can be quantified by the total electron content. The focus of this article is scintillation effects caused by electrons in the Arctic ionosphere, and the rate of the total electron content index, the ROTI, is used as a measure of the scintillation.
Data from permanent GNSS reference stations in Greenland is used to generate maps of the ROTI in Greenland, and the novelty of the work in this paper is the application of the ordinary kriging method as the basis for ROTI maps in the Arctic. Further, the choice of satellite constellations as well as the elevation mask used in the data analyses are analyzed and discussed. Also, the performance of using ordinary kriging for ROTI maps during times with both a low and a very high geomagnetic activity are discussed. The results show that ordinary kriging performs well during high geomagnetic activity, while during low activity the natural neighbor interpolation method is a better choice for the Arctic.
Heat stable carbetocin vs. oxytocin for the prevention of post-partum hemorrhage in emergency caesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al Zubaidi Shaymaa , Alhaidari Taghreed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the uterotonic effect of carbetocin compared with oxytocin in emergency cesarean delivery in Iraq.

Methods
A double-blinded randomized noninferiority single center trial. Three-hundred patients were systematically randomized to intravenous bolus injection of 10 IU oxytocin or 100 mcg carbetocin after delivery in a ratio of 2:1. The primary outcome was additional uterotonic use when inadequate uterine tone occur in the first 24 h after delivery. Secondary outcomes include the need for blood transfusion, blood pressure and pulse rate changes within an hour of drugs administration. Noninferiority margins for the relative risks outcomes was 4%.

Results
Addition uterotonics use was significantly lower in carbetocin group with a risk ratio of 0.36. Carbetocin was superior to oxytocin in reducing the need for additional uterotonic drugs by 12% and non-inferior to oxytocin for blood transfusion 3.5%. Noninferiority was not shown for the outcome of sever blood loss. Miner changes in blood pressure and pulse rate were observed in carbetocin group compared to oxytocin but clinically were not significant.

Conclusions
Heat stable carbetocin is effective in reducing additional uterotonics use compared to oxytocin without clinically significant change in blood pressure or pulse rate, therefore, can be a potential alternative in Iraq.
The quality of intrapartum cardiotocography in preterm labour
Authors: Faiz Zohal , Van ’t Hof Eline M. , Colenbrander Gerard J. , Lippes Ralf , Bakker Petra C.A.M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine the quality of the foetal heart rate (FHR) recording, defined as signal loss, during preterm labour below 28 weeks gestational age (GA) and contribute to the discussion if cardiotocography (CTG) is of value for the extreme preterm foetus.

Methods
From January 2010 to December 2019 a retrospective study was conducted with data of 95 FHR recordings of singletons born between 24 and 28 weeks GA at the Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location VUmc. FHR tracings had a duration of at least 30 min and were obtained via external ultrasound mode. Data of all recordings were divided in two groups according to gestation (24–26 weeks and 26–28 weeks). Signal loss was analysed. Statistical significance was calculated by non-parametric tests and chi-square tests. The median signal loss and the proportion of cases exceeding the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Guidelines (FIGO) threshold of 20% signal loss were calculated.

Results
One-third of the recordings exceeded the 20% FIGO-criterion for adequate signal quality during the first stage of labour. In the second stage, this was nearly 75%. Similarly, the median signal loss was 13% during the first and 30% during the second stage of labour (p<0.01).

Conclusions
The quality of FHR monitoring in the extreme preterm foetus is inadequate in a large proportion of the foetuses, especially during the second stage. FHR monitoring is therefore controversial and should be used with caution.
Putative neural consequences of captivity for elephants and cetaceans
Authors: Jacobs Bob , Rally Heather , Doyle Catherine , O’Brien Lester , Tennison Mackenzie , Marino Lori 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present review assesses the potential neural impact of impoverished, captive environments on large-brained mammals, with a focus on elephants and cetaceans. These species share several characteristics, including being large, wide-ranging, long-lived, cognitively sophisticated, highly social, and large-brained mammals. Although the impact of the captive environment on physical and behavioral health has been well-documented, relatively little attention has been paid to the brain itself. Here, we explore the potential neural consequences of living in captive environments, with a focus on three levels: (1) The effects of environmental impoverishment/enrichment on the brain, emphasizing the negative neural consequences of the captive/impoverished environment; (2) the neural consequences of stress on the brain, with an emphasis on corticolimbic structures; and (3) the neural underpinnings of stereotypies, often observed in captive animals, underscoring dysregulation of the basal ganglia and associated circuitry. To this end, we provide a substantive hypothesis about the negative impact of captivity on the brains of large mammals (e.g., cetaceans and elephants) and how these neural consequences are related to documented evidence for compromised physical and psychological well-being.
Specific Surface Area by Colorimetry and Image Analysis
Authors: Salva Ramirez Marisol , Carlos Santamarina J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Specific surface area is more informative than grain size for fine-grained sediments where Ss &gt; 1 m2/g. In fact, specific surface area plays a central role in engineering properties and processes in fine-grained soils, including pore size and bioactivity; fabric, plasticity, and rheology; hydraulic and electrical conductivity; compressibility and residual friction angle; and all forms of coupled processes. This research advanced a dye adsorption method using digital image colorimetry implemented with smartphone technology. In particular, this research adopted a water-based approach to reach internal surfaces in platy phyllosilicates, selected short dye molecules to reduce the range of potential molecular contact area, and developed a physics-based adsorption model to analyze the complete data set to minimize the uncertainty in specific surface area determinations. The study involved fine-grained soils with distinct mineralogy and specific surface area (from 1 to 600 m2/g) and various cationic dyes and a protein to explore the effect of molecular size, shape, and pH. Crystal violet emerged as a reliable dye for soil characterization. Time-dependent measurements confirmed second-order kinetics and highlight the importance of adsorption time.
La meditación en espacios educativos como factor protector ante la violencia
Authors: Randazzo-Eisemann Francesca 
Published: September 2021

Introducción. En este artículo se explora el impacto que tiene la meditación en el ámbito educativo como factor protector ante la violencia. Se trata de indagar cómo la meditación promueve el desarrollo de la cultura de paz en el centro educativo, así como evidenciar su correlación positiva en la calidad de la educación. Se busca dilucidar si al meditar se pueden favorecer ambientes escolares de convivencia y resolución pacífica de los conflictos, para así contribuir a mejorar el rendimiento y los logros de la población estudiantil, así como también a fomentar un mayor bienestar para el resto de la comunidad educativa. Metodología. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio de carácter cuali-cuantitativo y construccionista, basado en entrevistas y cuestionarios aplicados a agentes parte del proceso social: estudiantado, profesorado y voluntariado. Resultados. Se concluye, según la percepción de estos sujetos, que la meditación en contextos educativos promueve factores protectores ante la violencia, tales como paciencia, sensibilidad, equilibrio emocional, bienestar y relajación. Al haber calma y armonía, bajan los niveles de estrés, agresividad, ansiedad e impulsividad. Promoviendo la convivencia pacífica, las personas son menos conflictivas, más agradables, comprensivas, respetuosas, sociables. Se mejora el estado de ánimo y la autoestima, lo que permite una mejor interacción social: más y mejores relaciones entre pares, aceptación, respeto, colaboración, apoyo, solidaridad e integración.
Dispositional and online-specific Fear of Missing Out are associated with the development of IUD symptoms in different internet applications
Authors: Röttinger Daniela , Bischof Gallus , Brandt Dominique , Bischof Anja , Orlowski Svenja , Besser Bettina , Wegmann Elisa , Brand Matthias , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and aims
An increasing number of people experience negative consequences from the excessive use of different Internet applications or sites (e.g., Instagram, League of Legends, YouTube). These consequences have been referred to as specific Internet Use Disorders (IUDs). The present study aims to examine the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) on rewarding experiences with respect to specific Internet activities. FoMO has been found to mediate the link between psychopathology and symptoms of Internet Communication Disorder (ICD). However, the role of FoMO in other IUDs is controversial.

Methods
The current study (N = 7,990) consecutively screened in vocational schools) analyzed the associations between online-specific state-FoMO, general trait-FoMO, mental health, and IUD symptoms in a structural equation model. After testing the model for the entire sample of Internet users, it was analyzed separately for the two main user groups: Social Networking Site (SNS) users and gamers.

Results
The proposed model explained 42.0% of the variance in IUD symptoms in the total sample, 46.8% for SNS users, and 32.8% for gamers. Results suggest that impaired mental health and high trait-FoMO predict IUD symptoms. For both SNS users and gamers, trait-FoMO mediated the link between low mental health and IUD, whereas state-FoMO mediated the link between trait-FoMO and IUD in both user groups.

Discussion
Our results partly support the theoretical model of specific IUDs, highlighting trait-FoMO as a predisposing fear of disconnection related to general mental health. Online-specific FoMO appears to contribute to problematic Internet use mainly because of its link to the general fear of disconnection. Moreover, the described mechanism seems to be comparable for both females and males.

Conclusions
FoMO is a multidimensional construct underlying IUD symptoms related to the use of socially gratifying, but distinct Internet applications. FoMO and psychopathology should be targeted together in prevention and treatment plans of IUDs.
The influence of aluminum on the formation of the hardening phase in magnesium alloys
Authors: Shalomeev V. , Lukianenko О. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose. Study of the effect of alloying with aluminum on structure formation, mechanical properties and heat resistance of magnesium alloys
Research methods. Methods of metallographic and micro X-ray spectral analysis. Determination of mechanical properties and heat resistance.
Results. The regularities of the influence of alloying with aluminum on the formation of the hardening phase in magnesium alloys have been investigated. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of aluminum in magnesium alloy promotes refinement of the macro- and microstructure of the metal (reduces the grain size and the distance between the second-order dendritic axes) and also increases the amount of intermetallic phase. The positive effect of aluminum additives on the mechanical properties and heat resistance of cast metal has been established.
The optimal level of alloying with aluminum (about 7,7 %) hes been determined, which ensures a sufficient level of mechanical properties and heat resistence.
Scientific novelty. Based on the regression analysis of the experimental data, empirical equations were obtained that describe the dependences of the size of macro- and micrograins on the concentration of aluminum in magnesium alloys. It is shown that the optimal aluminum content in the magnesium alloy in the amount of ~ 7,7 % provides the best combination of mechanical properties (a sufficiently high strength and the highest plasticity) and heat resistance
Practical value. It has been established that alloying magnesium alloys with aluminum is promising for improving the structure and increasing the mechanical properties and heat resistance of cast metal. This effect makes it possible to significantly expand the field of application of magnesium alloys in mechanical engineering and improve the performance of various equipment.
Method of arc activation of the base at increasing the distance plasma spraying
Authors: Ershov A. , Zelenina О. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose. To increase the efficiency of the plasma coating by developing a method of ion-arc activation of the base using an activating electrode, which leads to an increase in the adhesion strength of the coating due to the sputtering of surface oxides of the base.
Research methods. Experimental and computational, mechanical tests, optical microscopy. The development of the method of ion-arc activation of the part base with an increase in the distance of coating deposition consists in application of an activating electrode located at the surface of the base to create an additional activating arc. The influence of the activating arc on bases for creating an additional activating arc. The influence of the activating arc on the adhesion strength of the coating is determined. The estimation of the current density of the activating arc for the sputtering of surface base oxides is carried out.
Results. A method of arc activation of the base surface with an increase in the coating distance is found. It is shown that application of an activating arc of reverse polarity that burns between the additional electrode and the base leads to ion bombardment of the surface by sputtering surface oxides and the creation of microcraters on the base surface. As a result, the bond strength is doubled compared to the bond strength obtained without the use of ion-arc activation of the base. The calculations of the rate of cathodic sputtering of the surface oxides of the base are carried out and the minimum activation current density of the base is determined, which leads to the complete sputtering of a layer of oxides of a given thickness.
Scientific novelty. It has been determined that, despite the rapid oxidation of the base under atmospheric conditions, application of the method of ion-arc cleaning of the surface during coating leads to a significant increase in the adhesion strength of the coating to the base.
Practical value. The obtained results of increasing the adhesion strength rise the efficiency, the guaranteed service life of the plasma coating on the parts of machines and mechanisms
Modeling of strong ground motions from the 16 September 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake
Authors: Saikia Chandan K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have examined the adequacy of the published KS3 and L1 slip distribution models developed for the MS = 7.4 16 September 1978 Tabas earthquake (Hartzell and Mendoza, 1991) by modeling the high-frequency accelerograms recorded at Dayhook, Boshrooyeh, and Tabas stations. The agreement in peak ground acceleration (PGA) and duration between data and simulated accelerograms was chosen as the criterion for the model adequacy. The fault was specified with a seismogenic rupture area 95 km long and 45 km wide. We used a semi-empirical simulation method in which accelerograms from an aftershock from the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake were used to represent the radiation pattern of P, SV, or SH waves for a source-receiver geometry. The fault surface is divided into many subfaults. The contributions from these subfaults, weighted by the slip amounts, were lagged and summed to simulate the accelerograms of the main event. We computed accelerograms assuming constant rake and variable rake on the fault plane. The former was simulated using the SUM slip model (i.e., the slip model representing the vector sum of the slip components at every point on the fault), and the latter was simulated by summing the accelerograms generated by the slip models of the dip-slip and strike-slip faults. The influence of the rise time of the main event was investigated. The KS3 asperity model produces results marginally better than the L1 asperity model. The duration is predicted, consistent with the data. The peak amplitudes of the simulated ground motions remain within a factor of 1.5 and 3 of the recorded data at Dayhook and Boshrooyeh, respectively, for the variable-rake and within a factor for 2.5 at both stations for the fixed-rake angle (KS3 model). The large PGA recorded on the Tabas accelerograms could not be reproduced, which warrants additional study. A notable agreement was obtained in the response spectra at Dayhook. This study demonstrates that accelerograms generated by an earthquake in one tectonic region can be transported to another tectonic region so that they can be used to represent the empirical radiation pattern of the subfaults in simulating ground motions for a large event.
Sources of primary and secondary microseisms
Authors: Cessaro Robert K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Low-frequency (0.01 to 0.2 Hz) seismic noise, arising from pelagic storms, is commonly observed as microseisms in seismic records from land and ocean bottom detectors. One principal research objective, in the study of microseisms, has been to locate their sources. This article reports on an analysis of primary and secondary microseisms (i.e., near and double the frequency of ocean swell) recorded simultaneously on three land-based long-period arrays (Alaskan Long Period Array, Montana Large Aperture Seismic Array, and Norwegian Seismic Array) during the early 1970s. Reliable microseism source locations are determined by wide-angle triangulation, using the azimuths of approach obtained from frequency-wave number analysis of the records of microseisms propagating across these arrays. Two near-shore sources of both primary and secondary microseisms appear to be persistent in the sense that they are associated with essentially constant near-shore locations. Secondary microseisms are observed to emanate from wide-ranging pelagic locations in addition to the same near-shore locations determined for the primary microseisms.
A new method for absolute calibration of high-sensitivity accelerometers and other graviinertial devices
Authors: Tarbeyev Yu. V. , Krivtsov Ye. P. , Sinelnikov A. Ye. , Yankovsky A. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To investigate the dynamic characteristics of high-sensitivity graviinertial devices (accelerometers, seismometers, and others) it seems advantageous to use for the input signal the gravitational acceleration produced by bodies with a known mass distribution. This eliminates the need for moving the transducer under investigation. Such motion is needed in the inertial acceleration reproduction as well as for inclining a measuring instrument in the Earth's gravity field. Error in measuring the parameters of the transducer motion is determined by the uncertainties of the length- and angle-measuring instruments being used. Particularly, it concerns the angle measurement errors when the gravity field effects have been taken into account.
The existing methods for reproducing gravitational acceleration are based on the use of nonuniform fields of simple shape bodies (sphere, cylinder, and the like). These methods require calculation of the corresponding acceleration, taking into account the spatial mass distribution of the instrument sensing element. The commonly employed approximation results in a procedural error of the order of 10% and over.
It is proposed to calibrate a measuring instrument using a uniform, flat gravity field of varying direction. The set-up designed to realize this method reproduces varying accelerations over the frequency range 0.01 to 0.3 Hz with amplitude less than 1.3 × 10−7 m/sec2. This enables calibration of seismometers of various types with a higher accuracy.