bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Acuity and the Risk of Cycling Injuries
Authors: Hiyoshi Ayako , Sato Yuki , Grotta Alessandra , Fall Katja , Montgomery Scott 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Cycling is increasingly encouraged in many countries as an inexpensive and healthy choice of transportation. Operating any vehicle on the road requires high visual acuity, but few studies to our knowledge have examined the association between vision and cycling injuries.

Methods:
We examined whether poorer visual acuity is associated with increased risk of fatal and nonfatal cycling injuries. We used prospectively recorded register data for 691,402 men born between 1970 and 1992 in Sweden. We followed these men from an average age of 18 years, when visual acuity was assessed during the conscription assessment, to age 45 at the latest. We identified fatal and nonfatal cycling and car injuries using Patient and Cause of Death registers. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
Based on visual acuity for the eye with the best vision, moderately impaired acuity 0.9 to 0.6 when wearing refractive correction was associated with increased risk for cycling injuries (hazard ratio = 1.44 [95% confidence interval = 1.16, 1.79]) compared with unimpaired vision (uncorrected visual acuity 1.0) and after adjustment for a wide range of potential confounders. This association remained consistent across various sensitivity analyses. Visual acuity was not associated with car injury risk.

Conclusions:
In this cohort study, poorer vision was specifically associated with a higher rate of cycling injuries.
PREDICTIVE ROLE OF SWEPT SOURCE OCT ANGIOGRAPHY IN RELAPSING VOGT–KOYANAGI–HARADA DISEASE
Authors: Interlandi Emanuela , Pellegrini Francesco , Papayannis Alessandro , Latanza Loredana , Pece Alfredo , Pavesio Carlos 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography findings as a predictive role in the chronic relapsing stage of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease and its comparison with other imaging modalities such as fluorescein angiography, indocyanine-green angiography, and spectral domain OCT.

Methods:
A 37-year-old woman from Bangladesh was diagnosed with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease. She was evaluated 8 months before for a routine examination when she was in clinical remission. Full ophthalmic evaluation with multimodal imaging and OCT angiography was performed.

Results:
Ophthalmic evaluation was unremarkable. Spectral domain OCT disclosed increased choroidal thickness in both eyes while swept source OCT angiography imaging showed choroidal flow voids well-matching hypofluorescent round lesions found by indocyanine-green angiography. A week later the disease reactivated.

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography may provide novel insights into inflammatory activity of the choroid and potentially have a predictive role in relapsing Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease.
Myopia Control With Orthokeratology: A Review
Authors: Hiraoka Takahiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
A number of studies regarding the effect of orthokeratology (OK) on myopia progression have been published and shown that it can slow myopia progression in school-aged children. Recently, OK has been considered to be one of the most effective optical treatments for myopia control. This article reviewed the peer-reviewed literature on the efficacy of OK for myopia control. Although it cannot halt myopia progression completely, the inhibitory effect on axial elongation for 2 years has been reported to be from 32% to 63%, as compared with single-vision spectacles and contact lenses. In addition, the efficacy and acceptable safety have been confirmed even in several long-term studies up to 10 years. However, the possibility of a rebound phenomenon in myopia progression after OK discontinuation remains unknown. It is also unclear how long the treatment should be continued to attain the maximum benefit in each patient. In the near future, further research including assessment of rebound phenomenon should be conducted with longer follow-up periods in more diverse populations.
Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography on the detection of cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Xiao Xiaoyi , Ding Rixing , Peng Lei , Liu Huaping , Zhu Yun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
: There is still a debate on which imaging method is the best to diagnose cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) on the detection of CSP based on current evidence in the literature.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Chinese Biomedical Documentation Service System, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched up to June 2020. The included studies were all comparisons of MRI and US in the diagnosis of CSP that adopted postoperative histological examination as the reference standard. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for MRI and US.

Results:
Thirteen studies were included, with a total sample size of 948 patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and AUC of MRI in diagnosing CSP were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91-0.95), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75-0.89), 5.46 (95% CI, 3.70-8.05), 0.08 (95% CI, 0.06-0.11), and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93-0.97), respectively; for US they were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.62-0.81), 3.06 (95% CI, 2.22-4.21), 0.23 (95% CI, 0.18-0.28), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89), respectively.

Conclusion:
We found that both MRI and US effectively diagnosed CSP; however, MRI had a higher diagnostic performance in detecting CSP than US.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy preserving aberrant gastroduodenal artery utilized in a previous coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Toda Takeo , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Tokuda Satoshi , Takagi Akihiko , Oba Noriyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a technically demanding procedure with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, preoperative evaluation of anatomy is indispensable. Multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) enables us to precisely understand arterial anatomy. It is a well-known fact that anatomical variants are often present in the hepatic artery (HA) but rarely in the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). We present the case of a patient with ampullary cancer with a rare anatomical anomaly, “replaced GDA (rGDA) ” arising from the superior mesenteric artery, along with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA).

Patient concerns:
A 69-year-old male patient was referred to our department for further investigation of elevated hepatobiliary enzymes. He presented with no symptoms besides intermittent fever of 38°C. He had an operative history of CABG using the RGEA.

Diagnosis:
Abdominal CT and esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an ampullary tumor and biopsy specimen from the lesion revealed adenocarcinoma. CT angiography revealed the rGDA instead of a normal common HA.

Intervention:
We performed a safe PD, preserving the rGDA and the RGEA to maintain hepatic and cardiac perfusion.

Outcomes:
Owing to the presence of a refractory pancreatic fistula, the length-of-hospital stay was extended, and he was discharged on postoperative day 72 without vascular complications. At present, the patient is in good physical condition and does not present with cardiovascular complications as well as tumor recurrence at 6 months after surgery.

Lessons:
This is possibly the first case of a patient who underwent PD and has a proper HA following a GDA arising from a superior mesenteric artery (rGDA) and has a previous operative history of CABG using the gastroepiploic artery. The coexistence of the history of cardiovascular surgery made PD for this patient considerably more challenging.
In the case of a rare anatomical anomaly, a coronary artery bypass via the RGEA should not be considered as an obstacle when R0 resection is achievable.
A case report of a lung abscess as a rare complication of a pyogenic liver abscess
Authors: Kim Hee Yeon , Lee Hyo-Jin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
A hepatobronchial fistula and lung abscess following a pyogenic liver abscess is a rare entity and it is not easy to diagnose this condition based on the symptoms and chest radiography.

Patient concerns:
An 81-year-old man presented with productive cough and dyspnea.

Diagnosis:
Chest radiography indicated increased opacities in the right lower lung field with an air-fluid level suggestive of pneumonia complicated by a lung abscess. Chest and abdominal computed tomography revealed an abscess in the right lower lung field that bordered an abscess at segment 7 of the liver. Tubography confirmed a fistula between the liver and lung abscesses.

Interventions:
Due to communication between 2 abscesses, transhepatic approach was done instead of transpleural approach to avoid complications.

Outcomes:
A liver abscess complicated by a lung abscess was resolved following percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the liver abscess and antibiotic administration.

Lessons:
Though uncommon, the lack of suspicion of sub-diaphragmatic liver abscess often lead to a delay in diagnosis and proper treatment. Our case implies the importance of computed tomography in early diagnosis of liver abscess in case of lung abscess in the right lower lung field.
Effectiveness of perampanel in managing chronic pain caused by the complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Chang Min Cheol , Park Donghwi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methy-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor plays a critical role in the development and persistence of pain, and AMPA receptor antagonists are considered possible therapeutic targets for controlling pain. This report describes a patient with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I in the right lower leg and foot who responded well to perampanel, an AMPA receptor antagonist, for managing the chronic pain.

Patient concern:
A 61-year-old woman complained of pain in her right lower leg and foot over a period of 7 year (numeric rating scale: 8) due to CRPS type I.

Diagnosis:
CRPS type 1.

Interventions:
Despite the combination of 300 mg pregabalin, 225 mg/1950 mg tramadol/acetaminophen, and 10 mg nortriptyline per day, her right lower leg and foot were nearly disabled due to the severity of the pain. High-dose prednisolone was found to be ineffective. Then, perampanel (4 mg; 2 mg twice) was administered to this patient daily.

Outcomes:
The day after treatment with perampanel, her pain completely disappeared. Additionally, at day 7 and 1 month follow-up, she reported no pain in the right lower leg and foot. Moreover, no adverse effects were reported after the application of perampanel.

Lessons:
These results suggest that perampanel may potentially be used to treat centralized pain.
Testicular tumors: discriminative value of conventional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Sun Zhanguo , Chen Yueqin , Zhao Fan , Yu Hao , Guo Xiang , Shi Kewei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To explore the feasibility of using conventional MRI features combined with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for the differential diagnosis of testicular tumors.
A total of 63 patients with pathologically confirmed testicular tumors were enrolled in this study. In particular, there were 46 cases of malignant lesions and 17 cases of benign lesions. All patients underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging. Multivariate logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess diagnostic accuracies.
T2-homogeneity, intratumoral septa, and peritumoral infiltration were more common in the malignant group, and capsule sign was more common in the benign group (P < .05 for all). The mean ADC value of the malignant group was lower than that of the benign group (P < .05). When the ADC value ≤ 0.90 × 10−3 mm2/s, the diagnosis tended to be malignancy. The conventional MRI model could achieve better diagnostic accuracy than ADC values alone (P < .05). Compared with the conventional MRI model, the specificity and accuracy of the full model (ADC and conventional MRI model) increased by 9.8% and 3.2%, respectively. T2-homogeneity and T2-hypointensity were more common in seminoma and lymphoma, cystic changes were more common in nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT), and intratumoral septa was more common in seminoma (P < .05 for all). The ADC value of NSGCT was larger than seminoma, and lymphoma was the smallest (P < .05 for all). Cystic changes, T2-hypointensity, intratumoral septa, and ADC value were independent factors for differentiating the seminoma, NSGCT, and lymphoma subgroups.
A combination of conventional MRI features and ADC values can improve the diagnostic efficiency for differentiating benign and malignant testicular tumors, and can additionally distinguish different subtypes of malignant testicular tumors.
Association between vitamin D deficiency at one month of age and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Byun Shin Yun , Bae Mi Hye , Lee Na Rae , Han Young Mi , Park Kyung Hee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common and increases the likelihood of neonatal morbidities in preterm infants. This study assessed vitamin D levels at 1 month of age after 4 weeks of vitamin D supplementation and determined the association between vitamin D levels and neonatal morbidities.
This retrospective study included preterm infants with birth weight <1500 g or gestational age <32 weeks born in our hospital between January 2018 and December 2019. They were administered 400 IU of oral vitamin D supplementation after birth according to our policy. The infants were then divided into sufficient (≥20 ng/mL) and deficient (<20 ng/mL) groups according to their serum vitamin D levels at 1 month of age.
The vitamin D deficient and sufficient groups included 49 and 41 patients, respectively. The mean gestational age and birth weight. GHT in the vitamin D deficient group were 29.1 ± 2.1 weeks and 1216.1 ± 308.1 g, respectively, and 30.0 ± 1.7 weeks and 1387.6 ± 350.8 g, respectively, in the sufficient group. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in demographic and clinical outcomes except for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which occurred significantly more often in the vitamin D-deficient group (odds ratio 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.85–2.78; P = .02).
The results of our study suggest that vitamin D deficiency at 1 month of age is associated with BPD in preterm infants.
Effects of robot (SUBAR)-assisted gait training in patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Kang Cheon Ji , Chun Min Ho , Lee Junekyung , Lee Ji Yeon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
SUBAR is a new ground walking exoskeletal robot. The objective of this study is to investigate SUBAR-assisted gait training's effects in patients with chronic stroke.

Methods:
This preliminary study is a prospective randomized controlled trial. Thirty adults were enrolled 6 months after the onset of stroke with functional ambulation category scores ≥ 3. Patients were randomly assigned to receive robot-assisted gait training (SUBAR group, n = 15) or conventional physiotherapy (control group, n = 15). All patients received a total of 10 treatment sessions of 30 minutes each for 3 weeks. Before and after the 10-treatment sessions, patients were evaluated. The primary outcome is the 10 meter walk test and the secondary outcomes were the functional ambulation category scale, the Motricity Index-Lower, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), timed up and go, Rivermead Mobility Index, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and gait analysis.

Results:
In the SUBAR group, MAS and step length were significantly improved between pre- and posttreatment measurements (Δmean ± SD: −1.1 ± 1.6 and 5.5 ± 7.6, P = .019 and .016, respectively). The SUBAR group improved the stride length and step length of the affected limb but not significantly. The control group had significant improvements in the BBS, MAS, and stride length between pre- and posttreatment measurements (Δmean ± SD: 3.5 ± 4.6, −0.8 ± 1.5, and 6.5 ± 9.5; P = .004, .031, and .035, respectively). The BBS improved more in the control group than in the SUBAR group. There were no other differences between the SUBAR group and the control group.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that SUBAR-assisted gait training improved gait parameters in patients with chronic stroke. However, there was no significant difference in most outcome measures compared to conventional physiotherapy. Further research is warranted to measure the effects of SUBAR-assisted gait training.
Severe Guillain–Barré syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Wei Jiajun , Duan Shenhan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a postinfectious autoimmune peripheral neuropathy characterized by acute paralysis of the limbs. Clinically, extrahepatic manifestations of neurologic involvement in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are uncommon. Little attention has been paid to the relationship between GBS and CHB viral infection.

Patient concerns:
We presented a severe case of a 34-year-old man with general fatigue, anorexia, jaundice, numbness, and even muscle atrophy in the limbs, and respiratory failure during an acute exacerbation of CHB.

Diagnoses:
Serological liver enzymes test confirmed an acute exacerbation of CHB. Nerve conduction studies revealed the features of acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy combined with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed albuminocytologic dissociation. Clinical manifestations and the test results were consistent with a diagnosis of severe CHB-related GBS.

Interventions:
He was treated with mechanical ventilation, 2 courses of intravenous immunoglobulin, antichronic hepatitis B drugs therapy supplemented by hepatoprotection, acupuncture and rehabilitation.

Outcomes:
After 29 days of hospitalization, his neurological condition improved. At a 6-month follow-up visit, he was able to walk with the support of another person.

Lessons:
The acute exacerbation of CHB may be a potential predisposing factor for the onset of GBS. This case is a reminder to clinicians that during the acute exacerbation of CHB, patients with neurological symptoms in the limbs should be considered for potential CHB-related GBS.
Efficacy of complementary medicine for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestinal injuries
Authors: Cho Minji , Bu Youngmin , Park Jae-Woo , Rahman Hasanur , Ko Seok-Jae 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel injuries (NSIs) have been largely ignored for decades due to the focus on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. With the visualization of the small intestines enabled by video capsule endoscopy, the frequency and severity of NSIs have become more evident. NSIs have a complex pathophysiology, and no effective preventive or treatment options have been proven. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been used to treat disorders of the small intestine, and more research on its effectiveness for NSIs has been conducted.
We reviewed the current evidence and mechanisms of action of CAMs on NSI. Clinical and experimental studies on the effect of CAMs on NSIs were performed using 10 databases.
Twenty-two studies (3 clinical and 19 in vivo experimental studies) were included in the final analysis involving 10 kinds of CAMs: bovine colostrum, Orengedokuto (coptis), muscovite, licorice, grape seed, wheat, brown seaweed, Ganoderma lucidum fungus mycelia, Chaenomeles speciosa (sweet) Nakai (muguasantie), and Jinghua Weikang capsule. The mechanisms of CAM include an increase in prostaglandin E2, reparation of the enteric nervous system, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduction of intestinal permeability and enteric bacterial numbers, decrease in oxidative stress, and modulation of small intestinal motility.
CAM may be a novel alternative option for treating and preventing NSI, and further studies on human and animal models with relevant comorbidities are warranted.
Systematic review of methodology and reporting quality of global guidelines on fever in children
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Zhang Lingli , Qiong Liao , Zeng Linan , Wu Di , Qin Fang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the global clinical practice guidelines on fever in children. We also aimed to select a guideline with good methodology and reporting quality to provide scientific reference for diagnosis and treatment of fever in children.

Methods:
The Chinese and English databases Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, clinical guides, and the website of the Department of Public Health Administration were retrieved up to January 2020. The clinical practice guidelines on fever in children were included. The AGREE II instrument and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare statement were used to evaluate the methodology and reporting quality of the guidelines.

Results:
Eight clinical guidelines for fever in children were included. Methodological quality assessment showed that the recommendation level of ISP, South Africa, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, China, and American College of Emergency Physicians were grade B (recommended with modification), while that of American Academy of Pediatrics, New South Wales, and South Australia was grade C recommendation (not recommended). No grade A recommendation guideline was found. The reporting quality from higher to lower was National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Chinese guideline, American College of Emergency Physicians, ISP, South Africa, New South Wales, South Australia, and American Academy of Pediatrics. The guideline recommendations were similar in various countries, but they were slightly different in various aspects, including body temperature measurement and the timing of drug administration.

Conclusion:
There are limitations in the methodology and reporting quality of all eight global guidelines on fever in children. For future development of these guidelines, attention should be paid to improving applicability of the guidelines in terms of methodology. Additionally, the principles and explanations for formation of recommendations should be described, as well as the limitations of the reporting guideline in detail in terms of the reporting quality. Treatments of fever in children are similar in different countries, but there are still differences that require further research.