bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental chest computed tomography findings in asymptomatic Covid-19 patients. A multicentre Indian perspective
Authors: Ramanan Rochita V , Joshi Anagha R , Venkataramanan Akash , Nambi Senthur P , Badhe Rashmi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn December 2019, an unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged called COVID-19. A vast number of people affected by this disease are asymptomatic and yet contagious with up to 79% of COVID-19 infections reportedly caused by undocumented infections. Surprisingly, these asymptomatic subjects are also known to quietly harbor pneumonia changes on CT scans. RT-PCR, the definitive test for COVID-19, maybe false negative in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia on CT. Incidental findings highly suspicious of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT chest of asymptomatic patients may increase as the community transmission of the virus rises and isolation restrictions are released. It is advisable to be aware of its appearances and the challenges associated with it.
Comparing a deep learning model’s diagnostic performance to that of radiologists to detect Covid -19 features on chest radiographs
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Sabitha , Ramakrishnan Sudhakar , Colaco Lanson Brijesh , Dias Akshay , Gopi Indu K , Gowda Gautham AG , Aishwarya KC , Ramanan Veena , Chandran Manju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Whether the sensitivity of Deep Learning (DL) models to screen chest radiographs (CXR) for CoVID-19 can approximate that of radiologists, so that they can be adopted and used if real-time review of CXRs by radiologists is not possible, has not been explored before. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a doctor-trained DL model (Svita_DL8) to screen for COVID-19 on CXR, and to compare the performance of the DL model with that of expert radiologists. Materials and Methods: We used a pre-trained convolutional neural network to develop a publicly available online DL model to evaluate CXR examinations saved in .jpeg or .png format. The initial model was subsequently curated and trained by an internist and a radiologist using 1062 chest radiographs to classify a submitted CXR as either normal, COVID-19, or a non-COVID-19 abnormal. For validation, we collected a separate set of 430 CXR examinations from numerous publicly available datasets from 10 different countries, case presentations, and two hospital repositories. These examinations were assessed for COVID-19 by the DL model and by two independent radiologists. Diagnostic performance was compared between the model and the radiologists and the correlation coefficient calculated. Results: For detecting COVID-19 on CXR, our DL model demonstrated sensitivity of 91.5%, specificity of 55.3%, PPV 60.9%, NPV 77.9%, accuracy 70.1%, and AUC 0.73 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.95). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.617, P = 0.000) between the results of the DL model and the radiologists’ interpretations. The sensitivity of the radiologists is 96% and their overall diagnostic accuracy is 90% in this study. Conclusions: The DL model demonstrated high sensitivity for detecting COVID-19 on CXR. Clinical Impact: The doctor trained DL tool Svita_DL8 can be used in resource-constrained settings to quickly triage patients with suspected COVID-19 for further in-depth review and testing.
Prescribers’ Adherence to Treatment Guidelines for Uncomplicated Malaria in Primary Health Centres in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman I. A. , Dandyson S. T. , Ganiyu K. A. , Oyeyemi A. S. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Malaria, though preventable and treatable, remains a disease with unacceptably high mortality in Nigeria. Effective and prompt treatment of uncomplicated cases reduces progression to severe disease, development of drug resistance, and cuts the costs of the disease.Objective: To assess adherence by prescribers to recommended treatment (based on National Treatment Guideline) for uncomplicated malaria in primary health centres (PHCs) in the eight Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective review of case notes and prescription sheets for suspected malaria cases treated at 28 PHCs within a year of data collection was done. Relevant data about the prescribers, the patients, and the antimalarial drugs prescribed were collected and analyzed as appropriate.Results: A total of 2,303 case notes of patients attending PHCs were examined over the study period. A high proportion of malaria (1422, 61.7%) was observed among the 2,303 cases. The median age (years) of adults was 28.0 (IQR = 14), and for children of 0-5, 2.0 (IQR = 2.17). Majority of those treated were females (792, 55.7%) and children (967, 68.0%). Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) were the most prescribed antimalarials (961, 67.6%), followed by artemisinin monotherapies in 23.8% of cases. Proportion of treated cases of malaria that could be considered rational across the LGAs was 67.6%.Conclusion: Adherence of prescribers to National Treatment Guidelines of uncomplicated malaria in PHCs in Bayelsa State was below the required standard, with continued usage of obsolete agents, such as artemisinin monotherapies. Training on case management for prescribers at this level of care is urgently needed.
Keywords: Antimalarial drugs, Malaria, Primary Health Centres, Community Health Workers, Bayelsa State.
A Survey of Computerization of Selected Community Pharmacies in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Awogbemi K. J. , Olaniyi R. T. , Erhun W. O. 
Published: January 2021

Background: The use of computers has had impact in all professions including pharmacy. Computers have found lots of application in the management of inventories, electronic prescribing and counting machines for tablets and capsules.Objective: This research was designed to identify the types of technology devices and programs in use by community pharmacies, capabilities of software in use, as well as to identify the challenges faced by community pharmacists in the use of computerized systems in their premises.Method: A cross-sectional survey of 217 community pharmacies in 6 Southwestern Nigerian states was done using a set of questionnaires. Data gathered was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 17.Results: Some community pharmacies in Southwestern Nigeria used inventory management software (47.0%). The reported capabilities of the software packages in use included sales processing (99.0%), account processing (88.2%) and POS link (62.7%). The reasons why some community pharmacies have not computerized their outlets were erratic power supply (56.2%), high cost of the devices (48.4%) and low turnover (35.9%). The major challenges faced by community pharmacists in the use of computer devices in their premises included erratic power supply (90.2%) and high cost of fuel (83.3%).Conclusion: The level of computerization of community pharmacies in Southwestern Nigeria was observed to be generally low. Erratic power supply and cost of device were major challenges to the computerization of community pharmacies in Southwestern Nigeria.
Keywords: Community Pharmacy, Software, Computerization
Determination of in vitro rumen digestibility and potential feed value of tiger nut varieties
Authors: Ayaşan T. , Sucu E. , Ülger I. , Hızlı H. , Cubukcu P. , Özcan B.D. 
Published: January 2021

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.), or chufa, is a plant that is found in nature and is cultivated for its edible tubers. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of three tiger nut varieties using the in vitro gas production technique. These varieties were Sarışeker (yellow), Introduction 1, and Balyumru (brown). Rumen fluid was obtained from two cannulated Holstein animals. Time-dependent in vitro gas production was monitored at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation. The varieties differed in dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) content (P <0.05). They also differed in the instantaneous volume of gas produced and in time-dependent gas production. Balyumru produced more gas at the onset of incubation than Introduction 1 and Sarışeker. However, over time, the gas produced by digestion of Introduction 1 exceeded the other two varieties. The amounts of gas produced at each time-point were intercorrelated. It is recommended that these results should lead to further evaluation in in vivo studies.
Keywords: chemical composition, energy content, in vitro gas production
Performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens fed with various levels of protected sodium butyrate
Authors: Pires M.F. , Leandro N.S.M. , Jacob D.V. , Carvalho F.B. , Oliveira H.F. , Stringhini J.H. , Pires S.F. , Mello H.H.C. , Carvalho D.P. 
Published: January 2021

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of including protected sodium butyrate (PSB) in the diets of laying hens of advanced age on productive performance and egg quality. In experiment 1, a total of 320 Dekalb White 61-week-old laying hens were distributed in a randomized block design to four treatments (0, 105, 210, and 300 g/ton of PSB) with eight replicates of 10 birds. The experiment was conducted over 112 days, divided into four periods of 28 days each. Productive performance and egg quality were evaluated. In experiment 2, a total of 58 000 Dekalb White 70-week-old laying hens were assigned to diets containing either 0 or 105 g/ton of PSB with two replicates of 14 500 birds. The experiment was conducted on a commercial poultry farm. Egg production and the percentages of broken eggs and dirty eggs were evaluated. The PSB levels did not influence the productive performance of laying hens. A quadratic effect was observed for eggshell thickness, percentage of eggshell and eggshell strength, reaching maxima at 193, 136 and 198 g/ton of PSB, respectively. A quadratic effect on yolk index reached a minimum at 181 g/ton of PSB. The percentages of dirty eggs and broken eggs were lower in laying hens fed 105 g/ton of PSB. In conclusion, the addition of PSB to the diets of old laying hens improved the eggshell quality and decreased the percentage of broken and dirty eggs
Keywords: egg quality, laying hens, organic acids, performance, protected sodium butyrate
Dietary supplementation with chitosan oligosaccharide affects serum lipids and nutrient digestibility in broilers
Authors: Tufan T. , Arslan C. 
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted to determine the effects of supplementation of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on the growth performance, blood parameters, carcass traits, fatty acid composition of breast meat, and apparent nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. A total of 375 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were allocated to a control diet (T1) or diets supplemented with 50 ppm (T2) and 100 ppm (T3) of COS. There were five replicates of 25 chicks for each treatment. All the experimental birds were fed a starter (days 1 - 4), grower (days 15 - 28), and finisher diet (days 29 - 42). No differences were detected among treatments for live weight, gain, feed intake or feed conversion, except that feed intake was depressed in T3 during the grower period. Serum total protein and albumin levels did not differ among the treatments. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and triglyceride concentrations were reduced significantly by supplementation with COS, whereas the high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration was significantly lower only for T2 relative to T1. The dressing percentage was significantly higher for T2 and T3 than for T1. Fatty acid composition of the breast meat was unaffected by the treatments. The digestibility of the diet and some of its constituents was affected in a graduated manner by the addition of COS. Thus, supplementation of broiler diets with COS improved carcass yield and had a hypolipidemic effect in improving the serum lipid profile
Keywords: carcass, digestibility, hypolipidemic effect, performance
Trabalhadoras do campo no semiárido baiano: o impacto da sua renda na qualidade de vida da família extensa
Authors: Oliveira Lucia Marisy Souza Ribeiro de , Cunha Andrews Rafael Bruno de Araujo , Marques Victor Thomas 
Published: January 2021

A partir da década de setenta, as transformações ocorridas na região do submédio São Francisco com a implantação dos projetos de irrigação nos municípios de Juazeiro – Bahia e Petrolina – Pernambuco, favoreceram o ingresso da mulher do campo no mercado de trabalho assalariado, trazendo modificações na composição interna da força de trabalho, o que motivou esse estudo para avaliar o impacto dos recursos injetados na família a partir dessa realidade para a qualidade de vida dos seus membros. A pesquisa de natureza quanti-qualitativa foi realizada no município de Juazeiro nos projetos irrigados Mandacarú e Maniçoba e nos distritos Massaroca e Vale do Salitre.
Teorias democráticas diante da nova gramática de organização da sociedade e da relação entre o Estado e a Sociedade
Authors: Toledo Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo aborda as concepções teóricas democráticas reformuladas diante da nova gramática social em que atores emergiram clamando por demandas sociais reprimidas a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Desenvolveu-se, neste trabalho, uma abordagem sobre as principais contribuições das dimensões da concepção democrática. Como resultado, apresentamos que as inovações institucionais, advindas do processo de uma institucionalidade da democracia, constituíram um ideal participativo e inclusivo de grupos sociais, até então, apartados do processo político-decisório.
História da arte e das ciências humanas: palcos para lutas linguísticas
Authors: Seabra Murilo Rocha 
Published: January 2021

O presente texto explora brevemente alguns aspectos da história da arte, da história da historiografia e da história da geografia do século XX, tentando mostrar que as definições de cada um desses campos estão mais para investidas militares do que para degravações de suas respectivas essências ou naturezas. Ao mesmo tempo, constrói-se um modelo ou estilo de análise que talvez possa ser estendido para outros campos e fenômenos. A última seção trata de uma investida militar específica que serve para conferir aparência epistêmica aos textos. Ela é identificada como a estética da austeridade.
A migracao internacional como dimensao de trabalho: O papel das remessas na America Latina
Authors: Davies Julio D'Angelo 
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Neste artigo, são apresentados e discutidos resultados recentes do volume internacional de remessas, com atenção especial para a América Latina e, mais particularmente, para o Brasil, país com o maior declínio de remessas recebidas entre 2014 e 2013. Em termos regionais, a América Latina ainda não recuperou o patamar de remessas pré-2008, ano de forte crise internacional. As remessas internacionais sozinhas são bem superiores ao volume total de investimento estrangeiro na região, evidenciando a importância das remessas para a sobrevivência de milhões de pessoas. Considerando os dados regionais e, tomando o caso do município de Governador Valadares (MG), este artigo propõe reflexões sobre os impactos positivos e negativos nos países receptores e questiona até que ponto tais remessas estimulam o desenvolvimento das economias locais e até que ponto estas economias poderiam crescer mais, caso outras estratégias fossem adotadas.
A (Re) Construção De Uma “Nova” Modalidade de Trabalho Denominada “Pejotização” No Contexto Sociocultural Brasileiro
Authors: Orbem Juliani Veronezi 
Published: January 2021

O artigo visa compreender uma “nova” modalidade de trabalho denominada “pejotização” e como esta foi (re) construída no contexto social e cultural brasileiro. A “pejotização” pode ser compreendida como uma relação de trabalho na qual o trabalhador, pessoa física, para ocupar o posto de trabalho em uma empresa deverá constituir uma pessoa jurídica e, assim, prestará serviços personalíssimos na empresa utilizando um contrato de prestação de serviços de natureza civil, sem a incidência de qualquer direito trabalhista.
The Effect of Digoxin on Mortality in Congestive Heart Failure Patients in Normal Sinus Rhythm
Authors:   Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA, Minhas Sheharyar , Minhas Ahmed ,   Department of Medicine Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, TN, Malik Maira ,   Department of Medicine Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, TN
Published: January 2021

Digoxin is an antiarrhythmic medication that has been used to manage chronic heart failure. Despite more than 200 years of research, the role of digoxin in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm remains controversial. Recent studies have shown digoxin to reduce heart failure associated morbidity without having any effect on mortality. The purpose of our study was to study the impact of digoxin on mortality in heart failure patients in sinus rhythm. Objective •	Effect of digoxin on mortality in heart failure patients in sinus rhythm •	Study impact of covariates such as age, gender, race, previous MI, and NYHA class Methods: Heart failure patients with LVEF ≤0.45 were randomly assigned to digoxin group (n=3392) or placebo group (n=3401) and were followed on average for 38.4 months. Patients were enrolled at multiple clinical centers in the United States and Canada. Results: In the study, mortality was unaffected. There were 1180 deaths in the digoxin group (34.77%) and 1194 deaths in the placebo group (35.09%). The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for the digoxin group compared with placebo group was 0.981 (p=0.6425) which was not statistically significant. The unadjusted median survival time for the placebo group was 58.37 months. The median survival time for the treatment group could was not reported because the group did not reach 50% survival probability during the study. Conclusions: After controlling for age, gender, race, previous MI, and NYHA functional class, we found no difference in the hazard of death between those receiving digoxin and those receiving placebo. Our study demonstrated that digoxin did not reduce the overall mortality and has no survival benefit in the management of chronic heart failure.
System of innovative business strategic management of the enterprise
Authors: Aziza Tohirovna Ahmedova  
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the system of innovative business strategic management of the enterprise. The relationship between the content of competitive strategies and the adoption of innovative decisions in a specific strategic area of ​​management is substantiated, a mechanism for the formation and implementation of innovative strategies is proposed, including the analysis of the external environment, the definition of the goals and objectives of the innovative development of the enterprise.
Improving the mechanism as a means of sustainable industries of Uzbekistan
Authors: Safarov B.Sh  
Published: January 2021

The article examines and highlights the problems , related to the poor use of the capacity of the regions of Uzbekistan . To improve the current situation during a pandemic, some sectors of the economy, taking into account world experience, need strengthening and marketing. Today different mechanisms for production of interaction have been proposedat the regional level. This approach is capable of radically changing the structure of the regional economy.
Gebelerin Doğumda Ebelerden Beklentileri
Authors: İLDAN ÇALIM Selda , DEMİRCİ Hülya , CAMBAZ ULAŞ Seval 
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, gebe kadınların doğumda ebelerden beklentilerini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, bir devlet hastanesinin gebe polikliniğine başvuran 170 gebe oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya, 20.gebelik haftası üzerinde, iletişim engeli olmayan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden gebeler alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anket formu, sosyodemografik veriler, obstetrik öykü ve doğumda ebelerden beklentilere ilişkin 17 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma için kurum izni, etik kurul izni ve katılımcılardan yazılı onam belgesi alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırma grubunu oluşturan gebelerin yaş ortalamaları 27,00±5,27’dir. Çalışmaya katılan gebelerin %58,2’si 36-40 gebelik haftalar arasında yer almaktadır. Gebelerin doğumlarına katılan ebelerde en fazla olmasını beklediği ilk üç özellik; empati kurma (%24,1), güler yüzlü olma (%21,2) ve iyi davranmadır (%15,9). Gebelerin doğumlarına katılan ebelerde olmasını istemedikleri özellikler ise; asabi (%50,6), kaba davranma (%27,6) ve ilgisiz olma (%5,9) belirtilmiştir. Yaş, eğitim, çalışma durumu, gebelik haftası, parite, gebe bilgilendirme sınıfına katılma ile ebelerden beklenilen ve beklenilmeyen bazı özellikler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p
Picturing the Woman-Child
Authors: Laing Morna 
Published: January 2021

The childlike character of ideal femininity has long been critiqued by feminists from Mary Wollstonecraft to Simone de Beauvoir. This book examines the representation of women as childlike in western fashion media, and asks why this figure continues to hold appeal to women following three (or even four) waves of feminism.
Exploring the ways in which the childlike model of femininity has cemented inequality between the sexes, Picturing the Woman-Child interrogates the centrality of this model in today’s fashion media. Drawing on British fashion magazines including Vogue, i-D and Lula, and based on original research into audience response, it focuses on how the meaning of childlike femininity has evolved in the years between 1990 and 2015.
Taking us from Lolita to the catwalks of haute couture fashion houses, the book tests out theories on the ‘female gaze’ by inviting contemporary women to comment on images of the ‘woman-child’. Both scholarly and accessible, it paves the way for future studies on how individuals make sense of fashion imagery.
Middle Eastern American Theatre
Authors: Malek Najjar Michael 
Published: January 2021

Middle Eastern American Theatre explores the burgeoning Middle Eastern American theatre movement with a focus on Arab American, Jewish American, Armenian American, Iranian American, and Turkish American theatres, playwrights, directors, and actors. By exploring the rich religious and cultural heritage of this diverse group - which includes Arabs, Armenians, Iranians, Jews, and Turks - and religions that include the Bahai faith, Christianity, Chaldean, Druze, Ishik Alevism, Judaism, Islam, Mandaeism, Samaratin, Shabakism, Yazidi, and Zoroastrianism - the rich and paradoxical nature of the term 'Middle Eastern' is interrogated through the dramas written and performed by those in the Diaspora.
The author provides a clear introduction and examination of the context and the various push and pull factors that have contributed to the mass migrations to North America - including the so-called “Great Migration” of 1890-1915, the Armenian Genocide, the European Holocaust, the two world wars, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, and other social and political conflicts. With chapters devoted to Arab American, Israeli American, Iranian American and Turkish American theatre, Middle Eastern American Theatre traces the history and examines the work of key artists including Heather Raffo, Yussef El Guindi, Jamil Khoury, Mona Mansour, Danny Bryck, Ken Kaissar, Ari Roth, Torange Yeghiazarian, Reza Abdoh, Sedef Ecer, Melis Aker, and Evren Odcikin.
The volume provides readers with a deeper and more nuanced understanding of millions of Middle Eastern Americans, and how they have contributed to American theatre today.