bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of an all‐in‐one solution for fire safe upholstery furniture: A benign backcoating for smoldering and flame‐resistant cover fabrics
Authors: Kim Ickchan , Thompson Andre L. , Kim Sung Chan , Hamins Anthony , Bundy Matthew , Nazaré Shonali , Davis Rick D. , Zammarano Mauro 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe development of fire prevention and mitigation technologies with a benign toxicological and environmental profile has become of particular interest in the USA due to the recent adoption of state regulations that severely restrict the use of flame retardants in certain products, like residential upholstered furniture (RUF). Herein, the effectiveness of a backcoating technology in RUF is demonstrated. The backcoating is a silicone‐based elastomer, filled with vinyl‐silane modified aluminum‐hydroxide that was applied to the back side of an upholstery fabric to generate a flexible and effective fire barrier. Chair mock‐ups were assembled using either an uncoated cotton fabric (UCF) or a backcoated cotton fabric (BCF) as cover fabric. The fire performance of the chair mock‐ups incorporating the UCF and BCF was compared in an open‐burning calorimeter after exposure to either a flaming ignition source or a smoldering ignition source. In the flaming ignition tests, the chair mock‐ups with BCF showed a reduction in the peak heat release rate and the total heat released by factors of about 6 and 45, respectively, as compared to the chair mock‐ups with UCF. In the smoldering ignition tests, the chair mock‐ups with UCF showed intense smoldering, which eventually transitioned to open flaming, whereas, the BCF chair mock‐ups showed no sign of foam or fabric smoldering. The backcoating also offered a durable fire protection solution, with an abrasion resistance of BCF roughly doubled compared to UCF. Ultimately, the backcoating provided an unusual combination of smoldering and flaming ignition resistance while complying with several recently enacted or pending U.S. state regulations.
Recurrent loss of chromosome 22 and SMARCB1 deletion in extra‐axial chordoma: A clinicopathological and molecular analysis
Authors: Wen Xiaoyun , Cimera Robert , Aryeequaye Ruth , Abhinta Mohanty , Athanasian Edward , Healey John , Fabbri Nicola , Boland Patrick , Zhang Yanming , Hameed Meera 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtra‐axial chordoma is a rare neoplasm of extra‐axial skeleton and soft tissue that shares identical histomorphologic and immunophenotypic features with midline chordoma. While genetic changes in conventional chordoma have been well‐studied, the genomic alterations of extra‐axial chordoma have not been reported. It is well known that conventional chordoma is a tumor with predominantly non‐random copy number alterations and low mutational burden. Herein we describe the clinicopathologic and genomic characteristics of six cases of extra‐axial chordoma, with genome‐wide high‐resolution single nucleotide polymorphism array, fluorescence in situ hybridization and targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. The patients presented at a mean age of 33 years (range: 21–54) with a female to male ratio of 5:1. Four cases were histologically conventional type, presented with bone lesions and three of them had local recurrence. Two cases were poorly differentiated chordomas, presented with intra‐articular soft tissue masses and both developed distant metastases. All cases showed brachyury positivity and the two poorly differentiated chordomas showed in addition loss of INI‐1 expression by immunohistochemical analysis. Three of four extra‐axial conventional chordomas showed simple genome with loss of chromosome 22 or a heterozygous deletion of SMARCB1. Both poorly differentiated chordomas demonstrated a complex hyperdiploid genomic profile with gain of multiple chromosomes and homozygous deletion of SMARCB1. Our findings show that heterozygous deletion of SMARCB1 or the loss of chromosome 22 is a consistent abnormality in extra‐axial chordoma and transformation to poorly differentiated chordoma is characterized by homozygous loss of SMARCB1 associated with genomic complexity and instability such as hyperdiploidy.
Biliary organoids uncover delayed epithelial development and barrier function in biliary atresia
Authors: Amarachintha Surya P. , Mourya Reena , Ayabe Hiroaki , Yang Li , Luo Zhenhua , Li Xiaofeng , Thanekar Unmesha , Shivakumar Pranavkumar , Bezerra Jorge A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Biliary atresia is a severe inflammatory and fibrosing cholangiopathy of neonates of unknown etiology. The onset of cholestasis at birth implies a prenatal onset of liver dysfunction. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms linked to abnormal cholangiocyte development.

Approach and Results
We generated biliary organoids from liver biopsies of infants with biliary atresia and normal and diseased controls. Organoids emerged from biliary atresia livers and controls and grew as lumen‐containing spheres with an epithelial lining of cytokeratin‐19posalbuminnegSOX17neg cholangiocyte‐like cells. Spheres had similar gross morphology in all three groups and expressed cholangiocyte‐enriched genes. In biliary atresia, cholangiocyte‐like cells lacked a basal positioning of the nucleus, expressed fewer developmental and functional markers, and displayed misorientation of cilia. They aberrantly expressed F‐actin, β‐catenin, and Ezrin, had low signals for the tight junction protein zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), and displayed increased permeability as evidenced by a higher Rhodamine‐123 (R123) signal inside organoids after verapamil treatment. Biliary atresia organoids had decreased expression of genes related to EGF signaling and FGF2 signaling. When treated with EGF+FGF2, biliary atresia organoids expressed differentiation (cytokeratin 7 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B) and functional (somatostatin receptor 2, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator [CFTR], aquaporin 1) markers, restored polarity with improved localization of F‐actin, β‐catenin and ZO‐1, increased CFTR function, and decreased uptake of R123.

Conclusions
Organoids from biliary atresia are viable and have evidence of halted epithelial development. The induction of developmental markers, improved cell‐cell junction, and decreased epithelial permeability by EGF and FGF2 identifies potential strategies to promote epithelial maturation and function.
Is race important in genomic classification of hematological neoplasms?
Authors: Huang Huijun , Wu Junying , Qin Tiejun , Xu Zefeng , Qu Shiqiang , Pan Lijuan , Cai Wenyu , Liu Jinqin , Wang Huijun , Sun Qi , Jiao Meng , Gao Qingyan , Huang Gang , Gale Robert Peter , Li Bing , Xiao Zhijian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, genome‐based classifications for hematological neoplasms have been proposed successively and proved to be more accurate than histologic classifications. However, some previous studies have reported the racial differences of genetic landscape in persons with hematological neoplasms including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), which may cause a genomic classification based on a particular ethnic group does not operate in other races. To determine whether race plays an important role in the genomic‐based classification, we validated a newly proposed genomic classification of MDS (J Clin Oncol.2021; JCO2001659), which was based on a large European database, in Chinese patients from our center. Our results showed significant differences between Chinese and European patients including proportion of each group to overall cohort when applying this novel genomic classification. Our data indicate that a genomic classification of hematological neoplasms probably should be revised according to specific genetic features in different races.
Unravelling runoff processes in Andean basins in northern Ecuador through hydrological signatures
Authors: Gordillo Jonathan , Pineda Luis E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStreamflow is the runoff response integrated in space and time over a complex system involving climatic and catchment physiographic factors. In the Andes, accelerating runoff process understanding is hampered by the inability to quantify heterogeneity of surface and subsurface catchment properties. Here, we present a statistical approach based on regression models and correlation analysis that links hydrological signatures and catchment properties to unveil processes in a set of volcanic mountain catchments (latitude 0°30'N) in Ecuador. The catchments represent form and function diversity in the same hydrological unit. We found that despite of similar atmospheric‐water inputs the water yield in the north‐east region is about 5× larger than in the south‐west region and their flow regimes are asymmetric. The soil‐bedrock interface and lithology exert a first‐order control on hydrologic partitioning, and this allowed us to hypothesize two hydrological mechanisms. Firstly, in the north‐east region, the perennial streamflow is associated with seasonal rainfall patterns, and subsequent drainage processes taking place at the surface and subsurface level. The amount of streamflow is related to landform characteristics, high canopy density and root development of forest as well as water holding capacity of organic soils. From a mechanistic standpoint, the low concentration time, steep slopes and shallow infiltration limited by high‐consolidated deposits of sedimentary and volcanics suggest a lateral movement of the flow. Secondly, in the south‐west region the streamflow regime is mostly groundwater‐dependent and it becomes seasonally enhanced by rainfall. Larger seasonal variations of precipitation and temperature result into enhanced evapotranspiration in the drier months, limiting shallow soil infiltration. Under the soil layers, highly permeable pyroclastic deposits and andesitic lavas promote deep percolation. The results highlight the degree of dissimilarity of hydrological processes in Andean settings, but unravelling their complexity seems plausible using streamflow signatures and causal explanatory models.
The ameliorative effect ofN‐acetylcysteine against penconazole induced neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders in rats
Authors: Morgan Ashraf M. , Hassanen Eman I. , Ogaly Hanan A. , Al Dulmani Sharah A. , Al‐Zahrani Fatimah A. M. , Galal Mona K. , Kamel Shaimaa , Rashad Maha M. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Hussien Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPenconazole (PEN) is a widely used systemic fungicide to treat various fungal diseases in plants but it leaves residues in crops and food products causing serious environmental and health problems.N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is a precursor of the antioxidant glutathione in the body and exerts prominent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to explore the mechanistic way of NAC to ameliorate the PEN neurotoxicity in male rats. Twenty‐eight male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7) and given the treated material via oral gavage for 10 days as the following: Group I (distilled water), Group II (50 mg/kg body weight [bwt] PEN), Group III (200 mg/kg bwt NAC), and Group IV (NAC + PEN). After 10 days all rats were subjected to behavioral assessment and then euthanized to collect brain tissues to perform oxidative stress, molecular studies, and pathological examination. Our results revealed that PEN exhibits neurobehavioral toxicity manifested by alteration in the forced swim test, elevated plus maze test, and Y‐maze test. There were marked elevations in malondialdehyde levels with reduction in total antioxidant capacity levels, upregulation of messenger RNA levels of bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9 genes with downregulation of bcl2 genes. In addition, brain sections showed marked histopathological alteration in the cerebrum and cerebellum with strong bax and inducible nitric oxide synthetase protein expression. On the contrary, cotreatment of rats with NAC had the ability to improve all the abovementioned neurotoxic parameters. The present study can conclude that NAC has a neuroprotective effect against PEN‐induced neurotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effect. We recommend using NAC as a preventive and therapeutic agent for a wide variety of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders.
Methylation degree of metalloproteinase inhibitor RECK gene: Links to RECK protein level and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic HCV infection patients
Authors: Abo El‐khair Salwa M. , Elalfy Hatem , Diasty Muhammad , Ebrahim Eman E. , Elsamanoudy Ayman Z. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe RECK gene, a tumor suppressor gene, inhibits angiogenesis, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Epigenetic regulation of the RECK gene constitutes a potent approach to the molecular basis of liver malignancy. This study aims to evaluate the promoter methylation status of the RECK gene and its serum level in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the potential association of RECK gene methylation with clinical criteria of HCC. One hundred and fifty‐five subjects were included (healthy control [55], chronic HCV patients [55], HCV‐related HCC patients [45]). The methylation status of the RECK gene promoter and serum RECK level were investigated by methylation‐specific PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively. RECK gene promoter hypermethylation was recorded in 46.7% of HCC patients, and 10.9% of HCV patients, but not in control subjects (0%). It was related to RECK protein level, varices, edema, ascites, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and the largest diameter of focal lesions. Meanwhile, it was not associated with focal lesion number nor distant metastasis of HCC. In conclusion, RECK gene promoter hypermethylation is linked to HCV genotype‐4‐related HCC. Moreover, different degrees of RECK gene promoter methylation are associated with serum RECK level, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion, which could prove its pathogenic role in hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic HCV‐infected patients.
Thymoquinone has a neuroprotective effect against inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brain cortex, medulla, and hippocampus due to doxorubicin
Authors: Kaymak Emin , Akin Ali Tuğrul , Öztürk Emel , Karabulut Derya , Kuloğlu Nurhan , Yakan Birkan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough doxorubicin (DOX) is used in many cancer treatments, it causes neurotoxicity. In this study, the effect of thymoquinone (THQ), a powerful antioxidant, on DOX‐induced neurotoxicity was evaluated. In total, 40 rats were used and 5 groups were formed. Group I: control group (n = 8); Group II: olive oil group (n = 8); Group III: the THQ group (n = 8); THQ 10 mg/kg per day was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) throughout the experiment; group IV: DOX group (n = 8); On Day 7 of the experiment, a single dose of 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally DOX injected; group V: DOX + THQ group (n = 8); Throughout the experiment, 10 mg/kg THQ per day and intraperitoneally 15 mg/kg DOX on Day 7 were injected. Immunohistochemically, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1‐α), glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), and the gene inducible by growth arrest and DNA damage 153 (GADD153) proteins were evaluated in the brain cortex, medulla, and hippocampus regions. Total oxidant status (TOS) levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the brain tissue were measured. TNF‐α, IL‐17, HIF1‐α, GRP78, and GADD153 immunoreactivities significantly increased in the DOX group in the study. THQ significantly reduced these values. THQ increased the TAS level significantly and decreased the TOS level significantly compared to the DOX group. THQ may play a role as a neuroprotective agent in DOX‐induced neurotoxicity in the cortex, medulla, and hippocampus regions of the brain.
Variability in caries management decision‐making in a dental school setting
Authors: Booth Evan T , Eckert George J , Fontana Margherita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess variability in caries management decision‐making by faculty and dental students. Understanding sources of variability during training can aid in implementing evidence‐based clinical decision‐making in caries management.MethodsA voluntary, anonymous survey including clinical scenarios was distributed online to dental students in their first (D1) and third‐year (D3) of training, and to faculty in the Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics.ResultsThe response rate was 100% (108/108) for D1 students, 56% (73/130) for D3 students, and 39% (34/88; 12 full‐time and 22 part‐time) for faculty. D1 students, who were completing a cariology course, were in general more conservative in restorative thresholds for less severe caries lesions than D3 students and sometimes clinical faculty (e.g., for lesions at the DEJ, a significantly [p < 0.05] higher percentage of D3 students would restore these [53%] compared to D1 students and faculty [19% and 18%, respectively; p > 0.05]). For all groups, the threshold for doing restorative intervention was shifted toward less severe caries lesions as the caries risk increased (e.g., very few respondents would restore an occlusal lesion confined to enamel, with significantly [p < 0.05] less percentage of D1 students [lower risk scenario‐LR = 4%; higher risk scenario‐HR = 22%] compared to D3 students and faculty [LR = 15% and 18%; HR = 66% and 62%, respectively; p > 0.05]). Class lectures/preclinical instructors were the most important factor influencing decision‐making for D1 students, versus clinical experiences/instructors for D3 students.ConclusionAlthough the majority of respondents used best‐evidence deciding caries management, there was variability in how to manage less severe lesions, with caries risk influencing clinical thresholds, and clinical experiences influencing students’ decision‐making over time.
Elevated inflammatory markers are associated with poor outcomes in COVID‐19 patients treated with remdesivir
Authors: Stoeckle Kate , Witting Britta , Kapadia Shashi , An Anjile , Marks Kristen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe antiviral remdesivir has been shown to decrease the length of hospital stay in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients requiring supplemental oxygen. However many patients decompensate despite being treated with remdesivir. To identify potential prognostic factors in remdesivir‐treated patients, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized at NewYork‐Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center between March 23, 2020 and May 27, 2020. We identified 55 patients who were treated with remdesivir for COVID‐19 and analyzed inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes. C‐reactive protein (CRP), d‐dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly higher in patients who progressed to intubation or death by 14 days compared to those who remained stable. CRP levels decreased significantly after remdesivir administration in patients who remained nonintubated over the study period. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date examining inflammatory markers before and after remdesivir administration. Our findings support further investigation into COVID‐19 treatment strategies that modify the inflammatory response.
The quantitative comparison of contributions from vapour and temperature to midsummer precipitation in China under the influence of spring heat source over Tibet Plateau
Authors: Hao Jiawei , Lu Er 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe thermal forcing of the Tibet Plateau (TP) causes circulation anomalies that may affect the East Asian monsoon. Hence, summer precipitation in China has a close relation to the previous heat source over TP. The saturation of the atmosphere is the precondition of precipitation, so variations of vapour and temperature adjust the generation of precipitation synergistically. The heating of TP exerts impacts on summer precipitation in China, essentially, through modulating vapour and temperature. The goal of this study is to identify whether the variations of temperature or vapour dominate in the end. Besides, according to the heating characteristics over TP, a more accurate area of spring (March–May) heat source is chosen to indicate the midsummer (July) precipitation in China. The configuration of contributions of temperature and vapour can be divided into two cases. One is that vapour and temperature both increase or decrease, so they play inverse roles. It is easy to find the dominant element in this circumstance. The other is that vapour and temperature have concurrent effects. In this case, their significances need to be further compared. The method based on the linkage of the precipitation and relative humidity is used to quantitatively compare the effects of temperature and vapour. The results are robust and can complement the qualitative analysis with circulations and temperature. In years that there is intense heating on west TP, the Yangtze River basin (YZRB) is controlled by more vapour transport from oceans. The downstream of the Yellow River basin (YLRB) is affected by the dry and cold northerly winds. Dominance analysis shows that vapour general plays a more important role in two major river basins. Maybe not exactly coincide with someone's envision, not all the places are dominated by the vapour. Around northeast China, temperature contributes little more than vapour.
Multivariate analysis of rainfall and its deficiency signatures using vine copulas
Authors: Nazeri Tahroudi Mohammad , Ramezani Yousef , de Michele Carlo , Mirabbasi Rasoul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a method based on the conditional density of vine copulas was used to drought monitoring and predicting the rainfall deficiency signature for a 60‐day duration in Dashband, sub‐basin of Lake Urmia basin. The annual rainfall and rainfall deficiency signatures at 10‐, 30‐ and 60‐day durations were considered as variables. D‐, C‐ and R‐vine copulas were used to represent the dependence among the variables, finding that D‐vine copula results to be more accurate for the case of interest. We found that, if the rainfall is less than the long‐term mean in the region, the rainfall deficiency signature for near future can be estimated by acceptable accuracy. Moreover, the results of the conditional probability analysis of rainfall deficiency signature for a 60‐day duration respect to the other variables showed that, on average, the probability of the occurrence of rainfall deficiency signature of 250 mm compared to the long‐term mean in the study area is more than 50% per year. The results showed that the proposed approach may facilitate the meteorological drought management in the considered sub‐basin.