bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal outcomes and survival predictors of severe red‐cell alloimmunization treated by intrauterine transfusion
Authors: Arslan Erol , Demir Suleyman Cansun , Ozsurmeli Mehmet , Akcabay Cigdem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate perinatal survival rates and predictors in severely anemic fetuses that underwent intrauterine transfusion (IUT).MethodThis was a retrospective study of both Turkish and Syrian patients who underwent IUT for fetal anemia due to Rh alloimmunization between 2015 and 2019. The association between pretransfusion factors and perinatal survival was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to identify the level of fetal hemoglobin deficits that predict perinatal survival.ResultsEighty‐seven IUTs were performed in 42 pregnancies. Approximately 75% of fetuses were severely anemic and the overall perinatal survival rate was 50%. The survival rate was better in Syrian refugees compared to Turkish patients (71.4% vs. 39.3%, p < 0.05). In univariate analysis, hydrops presence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05–0.7; p < 0.05), first IUT week (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1–1.8; p < 0.05), pretransfusion hemoglobin level (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.22–3.27; p < 0.05), hemoglobin deficit (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3–0.8; p < 0.05), and birth week (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3–3.9; p < 0.05) were associated with survival. However in a multivariate analysis, only hemoglobin deficit (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.22–0.99; p < 0.05) and birth week (OR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.1–10.3; p < 0.05) were found to be associated with survival. On ROC analysis, a hemoglobin deficit of ≤6.25 g/dl showed a sensitivity of 0.95 and specificity of 0.62 for predicting perinatal survival.ConclusionDespite the improvement in the treatment of fetal anemia, perinatal survival rate remains extremely low in severely anemic cases. Among pretransfusion factors, hemoglobin deficit seemed to be most important in predicting survival during fetal anemia.
Dental Treatment and Oral Rehabilitation for Adults With Intellectual Disability Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Mastilovic Gorana , Petrovic Bojan , Peric Tamara , Pantelinac Jelena , Markovic Evgenija , Markovic Dejan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral healthcare of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) presents one of the most unattended health needs, while at the same time, having a huge impact on their quality of life.Specific AimsThe aims of the present investigation were to assess the rate of tooth loss and the influence of tooth extractions during dental procedures under general anesthesia (GA) on the prospects for efficient oral rehabilitation of adults with ID in Serbia.MethodsThis study was designed as a retrospective observational study, based on available data from dental, medical and anesthesia records. The pattern of oral healthcare and rehabilitation possibilities of 257 adults with ID who were treated under GA was investigated. Distribution of restored and extracted teeth, and demand for prosthodontic rehabilitation were analyzed.FindingsThe average number of dental appointments under GA in 10 years of observation period was 1.36 ± 0.79, with 3.64 ± 4.42 restored teeth and 6.64 ± 5.95% extracted teeth. Prosthodontic treatment was provided for 29 (11.28%) patients. The analysis identified that age (p = 0 .041) and number of dental visits (p = 0.002) were significant predictors for prosthodontics rehabilitation.ConclusionAge, level of IQ, and the presence of concomitant conditions in adults with ID could be considered as a predictor for tooth loss. Regular attendance to dental treatment was identified as a manner for successful oral rehabilitation. Patient‐centered individualized approach, implementation of preventive protocols, and improvement in delivering prosthodontic rehabilitation are mandatory in providing dental care for persons with ID.
Determinants of maternal low mid‐upper arm circumference and its association with child nutritional status among poor and very poor households in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Ahshanul , Choudhury Nuzhat , Farzana Fahmida Dil , Ali Mohammad , Raihan Mohammad Jyoti , Ahmed S. M. Tanvir , Rahman Sheikh Shahed , Siddiqua Towfida Jahan , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMalnutrition among women is a long‐standing public health concern that has significant adverse consequences on the survival and healthy development of children. Maternal mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) could potentially represent a simpler alternative to traditional nutritional indicators. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with low maternal MUAC (as an indicator of being underweight) and address the research question of whether maternal MUAC is significantly associated with children's nutritional status among poor and very poor households in rural Bangladesh. Data on 5,069 households were extracted from the Suchana programme baseline survey, which was carried out in 80 randomly selected unions (the lowest administrative unit of Bangladesh) in Sylhet and Moulvibazar districts between November 2016 and February 2017. The outcome variables were three child nutritional status indicators: wasting, stunting and underweight. Mothers were classified as underweight if their MUAC was less than 23 cm. Separate multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors potentially associated with maternal underweight status and explore whether maternal underweight status is significantly associated with children's nutritional status. The prevalence of maternal underweight status was 46.7%, and the prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight among children under two were 10.5%, 44.4% and 31.9%, respectively. After controlling for various socio‐economic and demographic characteristics, maternal MUAC was significantly associated with children's nutritional status in rural Bangladesh.
Haustorium formation and a distinct biotrophic transcriptome characterize infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by the tree pathogen Phytophthora kernoviae
Authors: Wang Shumei , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Kushwaha Sandeep K. , Hedley Pete E. , Morris Jenny , Studholme David J. , Welsh Lydia R. J. , Boevink Petra C. , Birch Paul R. J. , Whisson Stephen C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhytophthora species cause some of the most serious diseases of trees and threaten forests in many parts of the world. Despite the generation of genome sequence assemblies for over 10 tree‐pathogenic Phytophthora species and improved detection methods, there are many gaps in our knowledge of how these pathogens interact with their hosts. To facilitate cell biology studies of the infection cycle we examined whether the tree pathogen Phytophthora kernoviae could infect the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. We transformed P. kernoviae to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and demonstrated that it forms haustoria within infected N. benthamiana cells. Haustoria were also formed in infected cells of natural hosts, Rhododendron ponticum and European beech (Fagus sylvatica). We analysed the transcriptome of P. kernoviae in cultured mycelia, spores, and during infection of N. benthamiana, and detected 12,559 transcripts. Of these, 1,052 were predicted to encode secreted proteins, some of which may function as effectors to facilitate disease development. From these, we identified 87 expressed candidate RXLR (Arg‐any amino acid‐Leu‐Arg) effectors. We transiently expressed 12 of these as GFP fusions in N. benthamiana leaves and demonstrated that nine significantly enhanced P. kernoviae disease progression and diversely localized to the cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, and plasma membrane. Our results show that N. benthamiana can be used as a model host plant for studying this tree pathogen, and that the interaction likely involves suppression of host immune responses by RXLR effectors. These results establish a platform to expand the understanding of Phytophthora tree diseases.
Schematic Deformation: Systematic Linearity in Grieg's ‘Takk’ and Other Lyric Pieces
Authors: UTNE‐REITAN BJØRNAR 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis article presents an analysis of Grieg's lyric piece ‘Takk’ (‘Gratitude’), focusing on the B section of the piece. In that section Grieg makes use of a harmonic progression that is difficult to explain vertically (i.e. in terms of functional harmony). However, it may be explained as a result of play with chromatic voice‐leading patterns. The progression in question – which is saturated with half‐diminished chords – shares several formal characteristics with the well‐known omnibus progression. It is thus argued that ‘Takk’ features a deformation of this chromatic voice‐leading schema. The progression in question (calledx) has the same sequential possibilities as the omnibus, which helps reveal an underlying logic in the complex structure of the piece's B section. Grieg's omnibus deformation in ‘Takk’ is an excellent example of how he chose to structure formal sections based on underlying systematic linearity. A comparison of ‘Takk’ with other lyric pieces sheds light on some regularities regarding systematic linearity in Grieg's music, for instance in the form of schematic deformation.
Long‐run Effects of Local Government Mergers on Educational Attainment and Income*
Authors: Sandsør Astrid Marie Jorde , Falch Torberg , Strøm Bjarne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLocal government mergers are an important policy issue in many countries, yet empirical evidence of the effects of merging and of local government size on the production and quality of local public services is scarce. We use the spatial and temporal variation in forced mergers between cities and their surrounding local governments in Norway to provide quasi‐experimental evidence of the effect on long‐run student outcomes. We find that the mergers increase students’ educational attainment by about 0.1 years and income by about 4%, suggesting that mergers improve long‐run student outcomes through increased school productivity.
Tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion: Case report of a rare entity causing progressive destruction of the facial skeleton
Authors: Denholm Katrina A. , Stenhouse Grant , Railton Duncan J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion (TFIL) is a rare idiopathic tumour, usually occurring in the head and neck. Though it is histologically benign, clinically and radiographically it appears malignant. It is suspected to be part of a wider spectrum of entities called inflammatory pseudotumours. The aetiology is unknown and little evidence and consensus exists regarding the most appropriate management. This report documents the case of a now 72‐year‐old male with complex medical and psycho‐social problems who originally presented complaining of left‐sided facial swelling and pain. He underwent numerous investigations over the 9‐year period since his initial presentation in 2011. Following reference to all aspects of the clinical presentation with the histological and radiographic findings and exclusion of more common diagnoses, the diagnosis of a tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion was proffered.
Staffing the National Security Council: How Presidential Management Styles Shape the Composition of the NSC
Authors: LaGattuta Dean , Limbocker Scott 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examine how presidential management styles shape personnel on the National Security Council (NSC). We analyze presidential directives from Presidents Carter to Obama to categorize administrations as either “Hands‐Off” or “Hands‐On” managers of the NSC. Using Office of Personnel Management records, we construct a panel of all NSC employees. We find evidence of Hands‐Off presidents favoring administrative staffs with higher levels of graduate education. Also, across the period considered, there has been a decline in previous government service for those working on the NSC. Finally, we find no evidence management style helps explain the exit decisions of NSC staffers.
Head-Positioning Control in Triple-Stage-Actuator Enterprise Hard Disk Drives Using Mixed H2/H∞ Synthesis Methodologies
Authors: Chen Zhi , Shah Prateek , Horowitz Roberto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The recent rapid growth in the cloud storage industry has strongly increased the demand for high-capacity enterprise hard disk drives (HDDs). Increasing the areal density brings new challenges to the high-accuracy head-positioning control in the next generation HDD development. Triple-stage-actuator (TSA) system is one of the emerging technologies (Atsumi, 2016, “Emerging Technology for Head-Positioning System in HDDS,” IEEJ J. Ind. Appl. 5(2), pp. 117–122.) that can achieve higher bandwidth than that of a dual-stage-actuator (DSA) system and improve the track-following performance. In this paper, we focus on the TSA system with one voice coil motor (VCM) and two piezoelectric (PZT) actuators. Two types of mixed H2/H∞ synthesis methodologies based on model-based optimization and data-driven optimization are proposed to design the track-following controller for the TSA system. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the TSA systems with a tertiary PZT actuator. We also analyze the effects of stroke limitations and resonance frequencies of the second-/third-stage PZT actuators on the head-positioning accuracy. The results might provide a guideline for the TSA mechanical design.
Limiting Rise in Heat Load With an Ice Vest During Elite Female Rugby Sevens Warm-Ups
Authors: Henderson Mitchell J. , Chrismas Bryna C.R. , Stevens Christopher J. , Fransen Job , Coutts Aaron J. , Taylor Lee 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To determine the effect of wearing a phase-change cooling vest in elite female rugby sevens athletes during (1) a simulated match-day warm-up in hot conditions prior to a training session and (2) a prematch warm-up during a tournament in cool conditions. Methods: This study consisted of 2 randomized independent group designs (separated by 16 d) where athletes completed the same 23- to 25-minute match-day warm-up (1) in hot conditions (range = 28.0°C to 35.1°C wet bulb globe temperature [WBGT]) prior to training and (2) in cool conditions (range = 18.8°C to 20.1°C WBGT) prior to a World Rugby Women’s Sevens Series match. In both conditions, athletes were randomly assigned to wearing either (1) the standardized training/playing ensemble (synthetic rugby shorts and training tee/jersey) or (2) the standardized training/playing ensemble plus a commercial phase-change athletic cooling vest. Group-wise differences in core temperature rise from baseline, global positioning system–measured external locomotive output, and perceptual thermal load were compared. Results: Core temperature rise during a match warm-up was lower in the hot condition only (−0.65°C [95% confidence interval = −1.22°C to −0.08°C], [95% confidence interval = .00 to .51], P = .028). No differences in various external-load variables were observed. Conclusions: Phase-change cooling vests can be worn by athletes prior to, and during, a prematch warm-up in hot conditions to limit excess core temperature rise without adverse effects on thermal perceptions or external locomotion output.
How Much Sleep Does an Elite Athlete Need?
Authors: Sargent Charli , Lastella Michele , Halson Shona L. , Roach Gregory D. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Anecdotal reports indicate that many elite athletes are dissatisfied with their sleep, but little is known about their actual sleep requirements. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the self-assessed sleep need of elite athletes with an objective measure of their habitual sleep duration. Methods: Participants were 175 elite athletes (n = 30 females), age 22.2 (3.8) years (mean [SD]) from 12 individual and team sports. The athletes answered the question “how many hours of sleep do you need to feel rested?” and they kept a self-report sleep diary and wore a wrist activity monitor for ∼12 nights during a normal phase of training. For each athlete, a sleep deficit index was calculated by subtracting their average sleep duration from their self-assessed sleep need. Results: The athletes needed 8.3 (0.9) hours of sleep to feel rested, their average sleep duration was 6.7 (0.8) hours, and they had a sleep deficit index of 96.0 (60.6) minutes. Only 3% of athletes obtained enough sleep to satisfy their self-assessed sleep need, and 71% of athletes fell short by an hour or more. Specifically, habitual sleep duration was shorter in athletes from individual sports than in athletes from team sports (F1,173 = 13.1, P < .001; d = 0.6, medium), despite their similar sleep need (F1,173 = 1.40, P = .24; d = 0.2, small). Conclusions: The majority of elite athletes obtain substantially less than their self-assessed sleep need. This is a critical finding, given that insufficient sleep may compromise an athlete’s capacity to train effectively and/or compete optimally.
Synthesis of Phosphonomethylated Bromoacetylfurans and Their
Reactions with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Pevzner L. M. , Ponyaev A. I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bromination of (diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)acetylfurans with dioxane dibromide
in the mixture of chloroform and acetic acid in presence of traces of hydrogen
bromide at room temperature proceeds selectively at the methyl group of ketone
does not involving phosphonate group. Obtained bromoacetyl derivatives were used
for alkylation of acetoacetic ester and cyclohexan-1,3-dione. Reaction of
1,4-diketone prepared from acetoacetic ester with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol
at room temperature leads to formation of furylpyrazines due to aromatization of
intermediate azines by means of air oxygen.
Total hip replacement in patient with residual poliomyelitis with neglected femoral neck fracture
Authors: BinHussain Heba , Elzwai Eman , Fox Sarah , Langhi Salem 
Published: May 2021

A 71-year-old man with residual poliomyelitis was referred to the orthopaedic surgeons with a neglected left femoral neck fracture of the paralytic limb. He had presented at another hospital with left groin pain and inability to weight bear 4 weeks earlier after a fall from standing height, but had delayed treatment due to his insistence on waiting until he returned to his home country.Successful treatment of residual poliomyelitis fractures requires early union as well as early mobilisation and rehabilitation. This patient presented to the orthopaedic surgeons with a challenging case due to the delay in treatment and the fact that the fracture was basicervical which results in an unstable fracture. Surgical expertise was required to decide on the optimum surgical option and a total hip arthroplasty was performed. The patient made a good recovery following physiotherapy as evidenced clinically and radiologically.
Effects of electronic cigarettes and hookah (waterpipe) use on home air quality
Authors: Shearston Jenni A , Eazor James , Lee Lily , Vilcassim M J Ruzmyn , Reed Taylor A , Ort Deborah , Weitzman Michael , Gordon Terry 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionA major site of secondhand smoke exposure for children and adults is the home. Few studies have evaluated the impact of e-cigarette or hookah use on home air quality, despite evidence finding toxic chemicals in secondhand e-cigarette aerosols and hookah smoke. We assessed the effect of e-cigarette and hookah use on home air quality and compared it with air quality in homes where cigarettes were smoked and where no smoking or e-cigarette use occurred.MethodsNon-smoking homes and homes where e-cigarettes, hookah or cigarettes were used were recruited in the New York City area (n=57) from 2015 to 2019. Particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), black carbon and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured during a smoking or vaping session, both in a ‘primary’ smoking room and in an adjacent ‘secondary’ room where no smoking or vaping occurred. Log transformed data were compared with postanalysis of variance Tukey simultaneous tests.ResultsUse of hookah significantly increased PM2.5levels compared with non-smoking homes, in both the primary and secondary rooms, while use of e-cigarettes increased PM2.5levels only in primary rooms. Additionally, in-home use of hookah resulted in greater CO concentrations than the use of cigarettes in primary rooms.ConclusionsUse of e-cigarettes or hookah increases air pollution in homes. For hookah, increases in PM2.5penetrated even into rooms adjacent to where smoking occurs. Extending smoke-free rules inside homes to include e-cigarette and hookah products is needed to protect household members and visitors from passive exposure to harmful aerosols and gases.
Peg solitaire on graphs with large maximum degree
Authors: Matsumoto Naoki 
Published: May 2021

In 2011, Beeler and Hoilman introduced the peg solitaire on graphs. The peg solitaire on a connected graph is a one-player combinatorial game starting with exactly one hole in a vertex and pegs in all other vertices and removing all pegs but exactly one by a sequence of jumps; for a path [Formula: see text], if there are pegs in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and exists a hole in [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] can jump over [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text], and after that, the peg in [Formula: see text] is removed. A problem of interest in the game is to characterize solvable (respectively, freely solvable) graphs, where a graph is solvable (respectively, freely solvable) if for some (respectively, any) vertex [Formula: see text], starting with a hole [Formula: see text], a terminal state consisting of a single peg can be obtained from the starting state by a sequence of jumps. In this paper, we consider the peg solitaire on graphs with large maximum degree. In particular, we show the necessary and sufficient condition for a graph with large maximum degree to be solvable in terms of the number of pendant vertices adjacent to a vertex of maximum degree. It is a notable point that this paper deals with a question of Beeler and Walvoort whether a non-solvable condition of trees can be extended to other graphs.
A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications
Authors: Shah S. M. , Rosman A. A. , A. Rashid M. A. Z. , Abidin Z. Z. , Seman F. C. , Majid H. A. , Dahlan S. H. , Hamzah S. A. , Katiran N. , Ponniran A. , Hassan F. , Zubir F. 
Published: May 2021

In this work, a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band is presented. The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible substrate material, Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with a low-profile feature with dimensions of 30×38 mm2 which makes it a good solution for wearable applications. Bending investigation is also performed over a vacuum cylinder and the diameters are varied at 50 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm, that represents the average human arm’s diameter. The bending investigation shows that reflection coefficients for all diameters are almost similar which imply that the antenna will operate at the dual-band resonant frequencies, even in bending condition. The simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) in CST MWS® software shows that the antenna obeys the FCC and ICNIRP guidelines for 1 mW of input power. The SAR limits at 2.45 GHz for 1 g of human tissue is simulated at 0.271 W/kg (FCC standard: 1.6 W/kg) while for 10 g is at 0.0551 W/kg (ICNIRP standard: 2 W/kg. On the other hand, the SAR limits at 5.8 GHz are computed at 0.202 W/kg for 1 g and 0.0532 W/kg for 10 g.