bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Appelbaum Fred 
Published: January 2021

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can replace abnormal nonmalignant hematopoietic stem cells with cells from a healthy donor, making transplantation a potential cure for a variety of nonmalignant and malignant diseases. This review discusses the indications for HCT, source of stem cells, preparative regimen, engraftment, complications, late effects and long-term survivorship, and treatment of post-transplantation relapse. Figures show the estimated total numbers of allogeneic and autologous HCTs performed in the United States, the major histocompatibility loci on chromosome 6, an approximation of the relative intensities of various preparative regimens, the typical patterns of myeloid recovery after HCT, the description and timing of major syndromes complicating allogeneic HCT, and erythema and desquamation associated with cutaneous acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). Tables list estimated 3-year survival rates following HCT, probability of finding a donor for HCT, clinical staging and grading of acute GVHD, National Institutes of Health global severity score of chronic GVHD, typical approach to infection prophylaxis in allogeneic transplant recipients, and summary of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HCT vaccine guidelines.
Key words: Hematopoietic cell transplantation; HCT; Allogeneic HCT; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; HSCT; Diseases of the lymphohematopoietic system; Autologous HCT; Hematopoietic stem cells
Primary Sj&ouml;gren Syndrome
Authors: Clair E. William St. , Wells Melissa A. 
Published: January 2021

This review focuses on the primary category of Sjögren syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory condition that is defined by the presence of dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) or dry mouth (xerostomia) in the absence of other rheumatologic diseases. SS may also have extraglandular manifestations in the form of pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and neurologic diseases that can cause significant morbidity and increased mortality and is distinct from other connective tissue diseases.
Although the etiology of primary SS is unknown, genome-wide association studies are continuing to reveal that susceptibility to the disease is based on genetic predisposition; patients with primary SS have been identified with several non–major histocompatibility complex genetic polymorphisms that are statistically associated with increased disease susceptibility. In a recent study, blood CD4+ T cells from patients with primary SS were shown to differ in their patterns of DNA methylation compared with healthy controls and demonstrated that many genes involved in lymphocyte activation and the immune response were poised for transcription.
Treatment of primary SS mainly involves relief of symptoms and prevention of long-term disease complications. Although biologic therapies have been studied, the results so far have been either negative or inconclusive.
This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 89 references.
Injuries to the Neck
Authors: Wisner David H. , Galante Joseph M. 
Published: January 2021

Approximately 5% of all cases of trauma involve injury to the neck. This relatively low incidence together with improvements in diagnostic modalities has led to continuing evolution in the management of neck trauma. Injuries to the neck can be the result of blunt and penetrating trauma. Both mechanisms can cause devastating injuries, with high associated morbidity and mortality. This review examines the airway, penetrating neck trauma, and blunt trauma. Figures show an algorithm outlining operative management of known or suspected injuries to the carotid arteries, jugular veins, pharynx, and esophagus, a tracheotomy hook used to retract the thyroid cartilage cephalad to facilitate placing the airway, the traditional division of the neck into three separate zones, exposure of structures in the anterior areas of the neck through an incision oriented along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, dissection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle carried down to the level of the carotid sheath, a balloon embolectomy catheter used to occlude the distal internal carotid artery at the skull base, a number of important structures encountered during distal dissection of the internal and external carotid arteries, options for repair of the arteries in the neck, exposure of the vertebral artery and the vertebral veins surrounded by the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, exposure of the distal vertebral artery via an incision along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, control of bleeding from vertebral artery injuries located within the transverse process of the cervical, approaching proximal vertebral artery via a supraclavicular incision, and an algorithm outlining management of known injuries to the vertebral artery, which are most often discovered by angiography. The table lists screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury.

This review contains 14 figures, 4 tables, and 45 references
Keywords: Neck injury, aneurysm, carotid dissection, blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, tracheotomy, endovascular repair
Commercial Benefits of International Cooperation of Cyber Lawyers
Authors: Viktor Fersht , QinYuxuan Tatyana 
Published: January 2021

International cyber mediation is currently the most demanded service in the legal services market. The growth of cyber-attacks on the Internet, a large number of scams with cryptocurrency, falsification of products, goods and services sold on the Internet, as well as theft of money from credit cards and from online accounts of Internet users - all this requires the help of cyber lawyers.
Since the Asia-Pacific region is the most developed and most populous Internet space in the world, the market for Internet mediator services should be the most profitable.
EBSD Characterization of Bobbin Friction Stir Welding of AA6082-T6 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Tamadon A. , Pons D. J. , Clucas D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) was used to determine microstructural evolution in AA6082-T6 welds processed by the Bobbin Friction Stir Welding (BFSW). This revealed details of grain-boundaries in different regions of the weld microstructure. Different polycrystalline transformations were observed through the weld texture. The Stirring Zone (SZ) underwent severe grain fragmentation and a uniform Dynamic Recrystallisation (DRX). The transition region experienced stored strain which changed the grain size and morphology via sub-grain-boundary transformations. Other observations were of micro-cracks, the presence of oxidization, and the presence of strain hardening associated with precipitates. Flow-arms in welds are caused by DRX processes including shear, and low and high angle grain boundaries. Welding variables affect internal flow which affects microstructural integrity. The shear deformation induced by the pin causes a non-uniform thermal and strain gradient across the weld region, leading to formation of mixed state transformation of grain morphologies through the polycrystalline structure. The grain boundary mapping represents the differences in DRX mechanism I different regions of the weld, elucidates by the consequences of the thermomechanical nature of the weld. The EBSD micrographs indicated that the localised stored strain at the boundary regions of the weld (e.g. flow-arms) has a more distinct effect in emergence of thermomechanical nonuniformities within the DRX microstructure.
Impact of Ozonation Process on the Content of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Properties in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Shoots as Well as Yield and Composition of Essential Oils
Authors: Matłok Natalia , Gorzelany Józef , Piechowiak Tomasz , Antos Piotr , Zardzewiały Miłosz , Balawejder Maciej 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study examined the impact of the ozonation procedure on the content of bioactive compounds in young shoots of Pinus sylvestris L. as well as on the yield and the composition of the essential oils and volatile fraction. The ozonation process consisted of exposure of the raw material during 5, 15 and 30 min to the ozone gas with the concentration of 10 and 100 ppm, and then it was stored for 24 hours. In the ozonated pine shoots, the content of vitamin C overall content of polyphenol content and antioxidant potential were determined. It was found that the investigated parameters increased as a result of the utilized procedure. The observed increase in the content of tested bioactive compounds was dependent on exposition time and was found to be highest for ozonated material for 15 min with ozone gas at a concentration of 10 ppm. As a result of the ozonation procedure the content of polyphenolic compounds and vitamin C content increased. Whereas it, did not have a significant effect on composition of the obtained essential oils. It was found that ozone is an effective elicitor, which allows increasing the content of bioactive compounds in pine shoots.
Hölder continuity of singular parabolic equations with variable nonlinearity
Authors: Bahja Hamid El 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper we obtain the local Hölder regularity of the weak solutions for singular parabolic equations with variable exponents. The proof is based on DiBenedetto’s technique called intrinsic scaling; by choosing an appropriate geometry one can deduce energy and logarithmic estimates from which one can implement an iterative method to obtain the regularity result.
Code generation approaches for parallel geometric multigrid solvers
Authors: Köstler Harald , Heisig Marco , Kohl Nils , Kuckuk Sebastian , Bauer Martin , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Software development for applications in computational science and engineering has become complex in recent years. This is mainly due to the increasing parallelism and heterogeneity in modern computer architectures and to the more realistic physical and mathematical models that have to be processed. One idea to address this issue is to use code generation techniques. In contrast to manual implementations in a general-purpose computing language, they allow to integrate automatic code transforms to produce efficient code for different models and platforms. As an example the numerical solution of an elliptic partial differential equation via generated geometric multigrid solvers is considered. We present three code generation approaches for it and discuss their advantages and disadvantages with respect to performance, portability, and productivity.
Approximation of functions with linear positive operators which fix {1, φ} and {1, φ
2}
Authors: Usta Fuat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this manuscript, linear and positive operators described on bounded and unbounded intervals that fix the function sets {1, φ} and {1, φ
2} such that φ ∈ C[0, 1] are presented. Then we present different types of operators by choosing different functions and values. Finally, Voronovskaya type theorems are given for this newly defined sequences of linear and positive operators.
From Dusk till “DAU”: the Rise of Heterotopic Cinema in the Times of Pandemic
Authors: Zaezjev Alexandre 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The release of Ilya Khrzhanovsky’s megalomaniacal cinematic project DAU coincided with the global Covid-19 pandemic. With festivals postponed and public screenings no longer possible, Khrzhanovsky moved his project online, integrating the unprecedented experience of the global lockdown and quarantine into the cinematic universe of DAU. Using the concept of heterotopia devised by French philosopher Michel Foucault, this paper examines the ways in which self-isolation altered the conditions of spatio-temporal engagement with DAU. Ultimately, the paper presents an original theoretical model of heterotopic cinema to demonstrate that confinement is precisely what allows Khrzhanovskiy’s artistic method to fully function.
The Resilience of Small Television Markets to COVID-19: the Case of Lockdown
Authors: Raats Tim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article presents a case study of Lockdown, an anthology series developed by two production companies under strict COVID restrictions in Flanders, centred on a prison visiting space. Every episode is written and directed by different screenwriters and directors. The case study clearly shows how a combination of creativity of Flemish independent producers, a felt need to counter the damaging effects of COVID on Flemish audio-visual industries, and the need to produce under strict hygienic and social distancing rules, resulted in a unique creative concept, that, ironically, might not have been achievable under normal circumstances. The analysis shows that the smallness of the Flemish market, which over the past decades resulted in an industry dynamism characterized by improvisation, voluntarism, high dependency on collaboration and short term financial planning, is precisely what might have provided the ideal backdrop for the production of this unique series.
Virtual Center for the Paradigmatic Studies
Authors: Krupa Tadeusz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Virtual Center for Paradigmatic Studies is a serious profession and, at the same time, a beneficial offer addressed to people who treat the process of their education and professional development both at home and in the academic environment as a unique life opportunity. This article presents material constituting the program and the basis for conducting theoretical and practical work at the Virtual Center for Paradigmatic Studies. The published material covers such issues as: the description of the Gorbatov's characterization principle, the theoretical correctness of the model of functioning, an example of the Semantic Model of 5 Projects, effective search for forbidden graph figures, the essence of functions that integrate semantic graphs, multi-object semantic sequences of events, the structure and purpose of Hasse diagrams.
FitPi: Wearable IoT solution for a daily smart life
Authors: Pruna Sabin , Vasilescu Anca 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The extensive implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions and its wide popularity to the public over the past decade enabled emergent applications that provide sophisticated, proactive health care solutions that can improve the quality of life of individuals. This work proposes an IoT architecture and implements a prototype solution that allows its users to improve their physical activity by collecting vital signs using wearables and other environmental and habitual information in order to monitor their activity and propose behaviors in a smart way that will allow them to achieve their preset goals. The focus is on the increased usability of the system employing refined solutions like voice recognition and smart visualization to enable its seamless use while offering an interoperable architecture that will enhance its flexibility. The prototype implementation offers a proof of concept evaluation of the proposed system, applying state of the art technologies and using existing hardware and popular gadgets.
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Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia
Authors: Challoumis Constantinos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Research purpose. This paper has established the index of the cycle of money. The index shows the level of the appropriately structured economy. According to the theory of the cycle of money, it is examined if an amount of money is recycled in the economy a lot of times or this amount of money is lost from an economy to other economies or banks abroad, because of inadequate structure of the economy of the country, then the purpose of the paper is to show an application of the case cycle of money, here in the case of Latvia. Therefore, this work aims to clarify how the theory of the cycle of money works to a real case scenario, and in general, how the cycle of money applies to an economy. Moreover, the index of the cycle of money shows how an economy could counteract to an economic crisis and how well-structured it is.

Design/Methodology/Approach. The methodology followed in this work is based on the mathematical application of the theory of the cycle of money. Then, the current results have as root the equations of this theory for the examination of the case of Latvia for the period from 2012 to 2017. Beyond the mathematical applications, the R.B.Q. model with the Q.E. method is applied to ensure the credibility of the results. Therefore, we have a real case scenario and a simulation case for the case of Latvia.

Findings. The results of the index of the cycle of money to the case of Latvia are compared with the global average index of the cycle of money. The results show, as expected, that Latvia is above the average global value. Latvia’s findings show that it is a well-structured economy and can counteract an economic crisis.

Originality/Value/Practical implications. The results are original and show for the first time the cycle of money of Latvia through the application of this theory. This research is the first application of the cycle of money in the case of index calculations. So, it is a completely new concept based on the theory of the cycle of money.
European Seaports Information Systems. The Impacts of Directive 2010/65/EU
Authors: Pinto Claudio Jose , Anunciacao Pedro Fernandes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Research purpose. The European Union recognizes the importance of information systems for improving the performance of trans-European transport network ports by promoting a set of initiatives focused on their use. The Directive 2010/65/EU obliges the provision of electronic services for the reception and treatment of declaratory acts necessary for the entry and exit of ships into the European Community and opens the way for future harmonization in the European Union of such services. The research purpose is to analyze and assess the degree of adequacy of European seaport information systems relative to the requirements of the European Directive to the availability of electronic services. Are they complying with the directive?

Design / Methodology / Approach. The objective of the study was to characterize the current situation of the main European seaports regarding the impacts of the European Directive. In this sense, it was decided to construct a survey to facilitate the identification and characterization of the options and actions taken by each country regarding the implementation of the Directive 2010/65/UE. This study was attended by the main EU Members and Norway.

Findings. From the analysis of the results of the European survey on the implementation of the Directive, we can conclude that the implementation of the Directive is carried out by entities of the State sphere. Member States show a low priority to the exchange of information between the Member States and the majority has not taken any action in this direction. With respect to the Single Window development model, the mixed model is the one adopted in most Member States.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. The central objective of Directive 2010/65/EU is to simplify and harmonize the administrative procedures required for maritime transport through electronic means. This Directive is seen as an opportunity to facilitate trade and administrative barriers through harmonization and standardization of the European Seaports Organization. The analysis of directive adoption represents an opportunity to increase scientific knowledge in this economic sector.
SARL: A reinforcement learning based QoS-aware IoT service discovery model
Authors: Kosunalp Selahattin , Demir Kubilay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The IoT environment includes the enormous amount of atomic services with dynamic QoS compared with traditional web services. In such an environment, in the service composition process, discovering a requested service meeting the required QoS is a di cult task. In this work, to address this issue, we propose a peer-to-peer-based service discovery model, which looks for the information about services meeting the requested QoS and functionality on an overlay constructed with users of services versus service nodes, with probably constrained resources. However, employing a plain discovery algorithm on the overlay network such as flooding, or k-random walk could cause high message overhead or delay. This necessitates an intelligent and adaptive discovery algorithm, which adapts itself based on users’ previous queries and the results. To fill this gap, the proposed service discovery approach is equipped with a reinforcement learning-based algorithm, named SARL. The reinforcement learning-based algorithm enables SARL to significantly reduce delay and message overhead in the service discovery process by ranking neighboring nodes based on users’ service request preferences and the service query results. The proposed model is implemented on the OMNet simulation platform. The simulation results demonstrate that SARL remarkably outperforms the existing approaches in terms of message overhead, reliability, timeliness, and energy usage efficiency.
Optical properties of electrochemically etched N-type silicon wafers for solar cell applications
Authors: Králik Martin , Goraus Matej , Pinčík Emil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The presented experiments and studies are intended for photovoltaic applications of crystalline silicon. This work deals with chemical treatment of the surface of n-type silicon wafers with different resistivity to reduce their reflectivity. Chemical surface treatment of silicon is an alternative method to using the antireflection layer. Optical losses caused by the reflection of light from the surface of the solar cells significantly reduce their efficiency. The investigated samples were prepared by the electrochemical etching method in the solution based on hydrofluoric acid and ethanol. The analysis of the prepared samples is divided into two parts, namely experimental measurements, and theoretical modeling. Experimental measurements are performed using UV-VIS spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry and SEM microscopy. Theoretical modeling is based on the construction and optimization of theoretical model of optical response (reflectivity and ellipsometric parameters) to determine the effective refractive index and thickness of formed structure. Effective refractive index of studied samples in theoretical model of optical response is based on Looyenga effective medium approximation and Tauc-Lorentz dispersion model.
Stress Ecology in Mining Landscape: Postindustrial Deposits in Comparison with their Surroundings as the Environments for Selection of Plants with Small and Large Genome Size
Authors: Glier Adam , Prausová Romana , Štefánek Michal , Kovář Pavel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This pilot case study compares genome sizes of two groups of species (conspecific plants) which spontaneously colonize interior space within abandoned industrial area and/or deposits, and those ones occurred in adjacent vicinity. Testing of the hypothesis “There is functional significance of small versus large genomes of plant species by comparing their occurrence in unreclaimed toxic deposits as an example of stressed environment and in their populations from neighbouring habitats” confirmed this idea.
Vives’s Views on Law: Key Notions in theAedes legum
Authors: Tello Joan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRenaissance humanist Joan Lluís Vives explained his views on Law, its origin, its elements, and its corruption mainly in theDe disciplinis(1531). However, he had already outlined some relevant key notions in early works such as thePraefatio in Leges Ciceronis(1514) and, especially, theAedes legum(1519). The aim of this article is twofold: on the one hand, to provide the reader with a succinct introduction to the latter work and, on the other hand, to identify some of its key concepts and describe their meaning.