bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The multidimensional truncated moment problem: Carathéodory numbers from Hilbert functions
Authors: di Dio Philipp J. , Kummer Mario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we improve the bounds for the Carathéodory number, especially on algebraic varieties and with small gaps (not all monomials are present). We provide explicit lower and upper bounds on algebraic varieties, $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

, and $$[0,1]^n$$

[
0
,
1
]

n

. We also treat moment problems with small gaps. We find that for every $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

and $$d\in \mathbb {N}$$

d
∈
N

there is a $$n\in \mathbb {N}$$

n
∈
N

such that we can construct a moment functional $$L:\mathbb {R}[x_1,\cdots ,x_n]_{\le d}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

L
:
R

[

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

]

≤
d

→
R

which needs at least $$(1-\varepsilon )\cdot \left( {\begin{matrix} n+d\\ n\end{matrix}}\right) $$

(
1
-
ε
)

·

n
+
d

n

atoms $$l_{x_i}$$

l

x
i

. Consequences and results for the Hankel matrix and flat extension are gained. We find that there are moment functionals $$L:\mathbb {R}[x_1,\cdots ,x_n]_{\le 2d}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

L
:
R

[

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

]

≤
2
d

→
R

which need to be extended to the worst case degree 4d, $$\tilde{L}:\mathbb {R}[x_1,\cdots ,x_n]_{\le 4d}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

L
~

:
R

[

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

]

≤
4
d

→
R

, in order to have a flat extension.
A Preliminary Comparison on Faecal Microbiomes of Free-Ranging Large Baleen (Balaenoptera musculus, B. physalus, B. borealis) and Toothed (Physeter macrocephalus) Whales
Authors: Glaeser Stefanie P. , Silva Liliana M. R. , Prieto Rui , Silva Mónica A. , Franco Angel , Kämpfer Peter , Hermosilla Carlos , Taubert Anja , Eisenberg Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarge baleen and toothed whales play crucial ecological roles in oceans; nonetheless, very little is known about their intestinal microbiomes. Based on striking differences in natural history and thus in feeding behaviours, it can be expected that intestinal microbiomes of large baleen whales and toothed whales are different. To test this hypothesis, the phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiomes was investigated by a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence–based approach for Bacteria and Archaea. Faecal samples from free-ranging large whales collected off the Azores Archipelago (Portugal) were used, comprising 13 individual baleen whales (one sei, two blue and ten fin whales) and four sperm whales. The phylogenetic composition of the Bacteria faecal microbiomes of baleen and toothed whales showed no significant differences at the phylum level. However, significant differences were detected at the family and genus levels. Most abundant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Spirochaeta. Few highly abundant bacterial genera were identified as key taxa with a high contribution to differences among baleen and toothed whales microbiomes. Only few archaeal sequences were detected, primarily Methanomassiliicoccales representing potential methanogenic Archaea. This is the first study that directly compares the faecal bacterial and archaeal microbiomes of free-ranging baleen and toothed whales which represent the two parvorders of Cetacea which members are fully aquatic large mammals which were evolutionary split millions of years ago.
Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Perioperative COVID‐19 Infection: Prospective Cohort in General, Gastroesophagic, Hepatobiliary, and Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Inzunza Martin , Romero Cecilia , Irarrázaval María Jesús , Ruiz‐Esquide Magdalena , Achurra Pablo , Quezada Nicolás , Crovari Fernando , Muñoz Rodrigo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread worldwide in an unprecedented pandemic. Patients with an ongoing COVID‐19 infection requiring surgery have higher risk of mortality and complications. This study describes the mortality and morbidity in patients with perioperative COVID‐19 infection undergoing elective and emergency surgeries.MethodsProspective cohort of consecutive patients who required a general, gastroesophageal, hepatobiliary, colorectal, or emergency surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic at an academic teaching hospital. The primary outcome was 30‐day mortality and major complications. Secondary outcomes were specific respiratory mortality and complications.ResultsA total of 701 patients underwent surgery, 39 (5.6%) with a perioperative COVID‐19 infection. 30‐day mortality was 12.8% and 1.4% in patients with and without COVID‐19 infection, respectively (p < 0.001). Major surgical complications occurred in 25.6% and 6.8% in patients with and without COVID‐19 infection, respectively (p < 0.001). Respiratory complications occurred in 30.8% and 1.4% in patients with and without COVID‐19 infection, respectively (p < 0.001). Mortality due to a respiratory complication was 100% and 11.1% in patients with and without COVID‐19 infection, respectively (p < 0.006).Conclusions30‐day mortality and surgical complications are higher in patients with perioperative COVID‐19 infection. Indications for elective surgery need to be reserved for non‐deferrable procedures in order to avoid unnecessary risks of non‐urgent procedures.
Diagnostic value of video-oculography in progressive supranuclear palsy: a controlled study in 100 patients
Authors: Wunderlich Jessica , Behler Anna , Dreyhaupt Jens , Ludolph Albert C. , Pinkhardt Elmar H. , Kassubek Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The eponymous feature of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is oculomotor impairment which is one of the relevant domains in the Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the value of specific video-oculographic parameters for the use as diagnostic markers in PSP.

Methods
An analysis of video-oculography recordings of 100 PSP patients and 49 age-matched healthy control subjects was performed. Gain of smooth pursuit eye movement and latency, gain, peak eye velocity, asymmetry of downward and upward velocities of saccades as well as rate of saccadic intrusions were analyzed.

Results
Vertical saccade velocity and saccadic intrusions allowed for the classification of about 70% and 56% of the patients, respectively. By combining both parameters, almost 80% of the PSP patients were covered, while vertical velocity asymmetry was observed in approximately 34%. All parameters had a specificity of above 95%. The sensitivities were lower with around 50–60% for the velocity and saccadic intrusions and only 27% for vertical asymmetry.

Conclusions
In accordance with oculomotor features in the current PSP diagnostic criteria, video-oculographic assessment of vertical saccade velocity and saccadic intrusions resulted in very high specificity. Asymmetry of vertical saccade velocities, in the opposite, did not prove to be useful for diagnostic purposes.
Longitudinal associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors with alcohol consumption in colorectal cancer survivors up to 2 years post-diagnosis
Authors: Révész Dóra , Bours Martijn J. L. , Wegdam Johannes A. , Keulen Eric T. P. , Breukink Stéphanie O. , Slooter Gerrit D. , Vogelaar F. Jeroen , Weijenberg Matty P. , Mols Floortje 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeAlcohol consumption can lead to worse prognosis and mortality among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We investigated alcohol consumption of CRC survivors up to 2 years post-diagnosis, and how sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors were associated longitudinally with these habits.MethodsWe pooled longitudinal data of 910 CRC survivors from the ongoing PROCORE and EnCoRe studies with data collected at diagnosis (baseline) and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-diagnosis. Both studies assessed alcohol consumption, including beer, wine, and liquor. Generalized estimated equation models were used to examine changes over time in alcohol consumption and multivariable longitudinal associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors with alcohol consumption.ResultsAt baseline, participants were on average 67 years old, 332 (37%) were female, and alcohol was consumed by 79%. Most survivors (68–71%) drank less at all follow-ups. Beer, wine, and liquor were consumed by 51%, 58%, and 25% at baseline, respectively, and these declined over time. Males consumed more alcohol, and higher education, more physical activity, and not having a (permanent) stoma were associated with consuming more alcohol.ConclusionCRC survivors decreased their alcohol consumption in the 2 years post-diagnosis. Future studies should take the significant factors that were associated with alcohol post-diagnosis consumption into account, when they investigate CRC health outcomes or for identifying subgroups for interventions. Males with higher education, more physical activity, and no stoma should be reminded after diagnosis for reducing their alcohol consumption.
Successful application of focused extracorporeal shockwave therapy for plantar fasciitis in patients suffering from metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Zdravkovic Andrej , Mickel Michael , Crevenna Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (fESWT) has been shown to be effective in a large number of musculoskeletal disorders. Until 2016, cancer was considered a contraindication for fESWT. The goal of this Commentary is to address the subject of fESWT in cancer patients and present a case of a successful application of fESWT in a breast cancer patient with metastatic bone disease, suffering from debilitating heel pain caused by plantar fasciitis.

Methods
The subject of fESWT application in cancer patients is discussed using the example of a 75-year-old female with breast cancer and metastatic bone disease suffering from bilateral inferior heel pain, who was referred to our clinic with a tentative diagnosis of polyneuropathy. Patient history, clinical examination, electrodiagnostic testing, and radiological findings all indicated plantar fasciitis, rather than polyneuropathy. The possibility of metastatic bone lesions in the treatment area was excluded and the patient was thereupon treated with 5 weekly applications of low-energy fESWT.

Results
The treatment lead to a reduction in pain of approximately 80% with no adverse events.

Conclusion
fESWT may be a viable treatment option for plantar fasciitis even in cancer patients, provided certain conditions are met.
In search of historical roots of the extraterrestrial impact theory, II: two unknown German pioneers from the 1850s, Ludwig Pfeil and Karl Reichenbach
Authors: Racki Grzegorz , Koeberl Christian , Michalak Michał 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe mid-nineteenth century is not regarded as the time when the theory of extraterrestrial catastrophism developed. However, two German scholars independently introduced original concepts of terrestrial impacts of large celestial bodies at that time. Ludwig Pfeil (1803–1896), a self-educated wealthy landowner, and Karl Reichenbach (1788–1869), an eminent scientist and industrialist, independently proposed in the 1850s that the Earth is an aggregate of meteoritic masses and has experienced many impact-induced cataclysms throughout its geological history. Until 1891, Pfeil analyzed the effects of the collision of a comet's gaseous body with Earth. He tried to simulate the effects of tsunami waves generated by impacts into the ocean and inferred the route of “cometary currents” from the morphology and orientation of coastlines and associated mountain ranges. Reichenbach speculated about fertilization of the terrestrial surface by extraterrestrial dust in the context of an accretionary origin for Earth that also manifested in meteoritic sources of volcanic extrusions. He linked the Mesozoic succession of “buried living worlds” to geological catastrophes, caused by successive meteorite impacts. These cosmic bombardment concepts were comprehensively criticized by contemporary researchers, but soon found many conceptual successors in the German-speaking science community. Therefore, Pfeil and Reichenbach should be regarded as pioneers of the impact theory.
Awareness and integrated information theory identify plant meristems as sites of conscious activity
Authors: Trewavas Anthony 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLacking an anatomical brain/nervous system, it is assumed plants are not conscious. The biological function of consciousness is an input to behaviour; it is adaptive (subject to selection) and based on information. Complex language makes human consciousness unique. Consciousness is equated to awareness. All organisms are aware of their surroundings, modifying their behaviour to improve survival. Awareness requires assessment too. The mechanisms of animal assessment are neural while molecular and electrical in plants. Awareness of plants being also consciousness may resolve controversy. The integrated information theory (IIT), a leading theory of consciousness, is also blind to brains, nerves and synapses. The integrated information theory indicates plant awareness involves information of two kinds: (1) communicative, extrinsic information as a result of the perception of environmental changes and (2) integrated intrinsic information located in the shoot and root meristems and possibly cambium. The combination of information constructs an information nexus in the meristems leading to assessment and behaviour. The interpretation of integrated information in meristems probably involves the complex networks built around [Ca2+]i that also enable plant learning, memory and intelligent activities. A mature plant contains a large number of conjoined, conscious or aware, meristems possibly unique in the living kingdom.
MSDP: multi-scheme privacy-preserving deep learning via differential privacy
Authors: Owusu-Agyemeng Kwabena , Qin Zhen , Xiong Hu , Liu Yao , Zhuang Tianming , Qin Zhiguang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) generates a massive amount of the dataset from the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, to enable multiple data providers to jointly produce predictive models for medical diagnosis. That the accuracy of the models is greatly improved when trained on a large number of datasets from these data providers on the untrusted cloud server is very significant and raises privacy concerns. With the migration of a deep neural network (DNN) in the learning experience in HAR, we present a privacy-preserving DNN model known as Multi-Scheme Differential Privacy (MSDP) depending on the fusion of Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) and 𝜖-differential privacy, making it very practical since existing proposals are unable to make all the fully homomorphic encryption multi-key which is very impracticable. MSDP inputs a secure multi-party alternative to the ReLU function to reduce the communication and computational cost at a minimal level. With the aid of experimental verification on the four of the most widely used human activity recognition datasets, MSDP demonstrates superior performance with very good generalization performance and is proven to be secure as compared with existing ultramodern models without breach of privacy.
A decade of neonatal sepsis caused by gram-negative bacilli—a retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Nordberg Viveka , Iversen Aina , Tidell Annika , Ininbergs Karolina , Giske Christian G. , Navér Lars 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study is to determine the incidence and outcome of neonatal gram-negative bacilli (GNB) sepsis in Stockholm, Sweden, and describe bacterial characteristics. This is a retrospective cohort study. All infants with GNB-sepsis between 2006 and 2016 were included and matched with two control groups, with suspected sepsis and uninfected neonates, respectively. Outcome was death before discharge, risk of death within 5 days after sepsis onset, and morbidity. The resistance pattern from all GNB was collected, and all available isolates were subjected to genome typing. All neonates with GNB-sepsis (n = 107) were included, and the cumulative GNB-sepsis incidence was 0.35/1000 live born. The in-hospital mortality was 30/107 (28%). GNB late-onset sepsis (LOS) was associated with an increase in mortality before discharge compared to uninfected controls (OR = 3.9; CI 1.6–9.4) but not versus suspected sepsis. The suspected LOS cases did not statistically differ significantly from uninfected controls. The case fatality rate (CFR) at 5 days was 5/33 (15%) in GNB early-onset sepsis (EOS) and 25/74 (34%) in GNB-LOS. The adjusted hazard for 5 days CFR was higher in GNB-LOS versus uninfected controls (HR = 3.7; CI 1.2–11.2), but no significant difference was seen in GNB-LOS versus suspected sepsis or in suspected sepsis versus controls. ESBL production was seen in 7/107 (6.5%) of the GNB isolates. GNB-LOS was associated with a higher 5 days CFR and in-hospital mortality compared to uninfected controls but not versus suspect sepsis. The incidence of both GNB-EOS and GNB-LOS was lower than previously reported from comparable high-income settings. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance was low.
Morphological and reproductive characterization of nascent allotetraploids cross-compatible with cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Levinson Chandler , Chu Ye , Luo Xuelin , Stalker H. Thomas , Gao Dongying , Holbrook C. Corley , Ozias-Akins Peggy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeanut improvement is limited by a narrow genetic base. However, this obstacle can be circumvented by incorporating phenotypic variability from wild, diploid Arachis species through interspecific hybridizations. In this study, four allotetraploid interspecific hybrids IpaCor4x (A. ipaensis × A. correntina), IpaDur4x (A. ipaensis × A. duranensis), IpaSten4x (A. ipaensis × A. stenosperma), and ValSten4x (A. valida × A. stenosperma) were created and morphologically characterized through the following parameters: flower count, flower size, flower banner pigmentation, leaf area and weight, leaf hairiness, main stem height, internode length, percent of reproductive nodes, biomass, 100 pod weight, and 100 seed weight. For every trait, except for flower banner absorption at 380 nm, at least one or more allotetraploids differed from the cultivated peanut control. In general, these allotetraploids had a greater production of flowers during the growing season, larger flowers, larger and hairier leaves, taller main stems, longer primary laterals, longer internodes, lower percentage of reproductive nodes, heavier plant body masses, and smaller seeds and pods. This phenotypic diversity can be utilized directly in ornamental and forage breeding, while for oil and food crop breeding, this diversity will likely need to be selected against while desirable traits such as disease and insect resistance and abiotic stress tolerances derived from the wild diploid species are maintained.
A New Argument for No-Fault Compensation in Health Care: The Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Holm Søren , Stanton Catherine , Bartlett Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) systems advising healthcare professionals will be widely introduced into healthcare settings within the next 5–10 years. This paper considers how this will sit with tort/negligence based legal approaches to compensation for medical error. It argues that the introduction of AI systems will provide an additional argument pointing towards no-fault compensation as the better legal solution to compensation for medical error in modern health care systems. The paper falls into four parts. The first part rehearses the main arguments for and against no-fault compensation. The second explains why it is likely that AI systems will be widely introduced. The third part analyses why it is difficult to fit AI systems into fault-based compensation systems while the final part suggests how no-fault compensation could provide a possible solution to such challenges.
Approximate and robust bounded job start scheduling for Royal Mail delivery offices
Authors: Letsios Dimitrios , Bradley Jeremy T. , G Suraj , Misener Ruth , Page Natasha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMotivated by mail delivery scheduling problems arising in Royal Mail, we study a generalization of the fundamental makespan scheduling $$P||C_{\max }$$

P
|
|

C
max

problem which we call the bounded job start scheduling problem. Given a set of jobs, each specified by an integer processing time $$p_j$$

p
j

, that have to be executed non-preemptively by a set of m parallel identical machines, the objective is to compute a minimum makespan schedule subject to an upper bound $$g\le m$$

g
≤
m

on the number of jobs that may simultaneously begin per unit of time. With perfect input knowledge, we show that Longest Processing Time First (LPT) algorithm is tightly 2-approximate. After proving that the problem is strongly $${\mathcal {N}}{\mathcal {P}}$$

N
P

-hard even when $$g=1$$

g
=
1

, we elaborate on improving the 2-approximation ratio for this case. We distinguish the classes of long and short instances satisfying $$p_j\ge m$$

p
j

≥
m

and $$p_j<m$$

p
j

<
m

, respectively, for each job j. We show that LPT is 5/3-approximate for the former and optimal for the latter. Then, we explore the idea of scheduling long jobs in parallel with short jobs to obtain tightly satisfied packing and bounded job start constraints. For a broad family of instances excluding degenerate instances with many very long jobs, we derive a 1.985-approximation ratio. For general instances, we require machine augmentation to obtain better than 2-approximate schedules. In the presence of uncertain job processing times, we exploit machine augmentation and lexicographic optimization, which is useful for $$P||C_{\max }$$

P
|
|

C
max

under uncertainty, to propose a two-stage robust optimization approach for bounded job start scheduling under uncertainty aiming in a low number of used machines. Given a collection of schedules of makespan $$\le D$$

≤
D

, this approach allows distinguishing which are the more robust. We substantiate both the heuristics and our recovery approach numerically using Royal Mail data. We show that for the Royal Mail application, machine augmentation, i.e., short-term van rental, is especially relevant.
The Number of Optimal Matchings for Euclidean Assignment on the Line
Authors: Caracciolo Sergio , Erba Vittorio , Sportiello Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider the Random Euclidean Assignment Problem in dimension $$d=1$$

d
=
1

, with linear cost function. In this version of the problem, in general, there is a large degeneracy of the ground state, i.e. there are many different optimal matchings (say, $$\sim \exp (S_N)$$

∼
exp
(

S
N

)

at size N). We characterize all possible optimal matchings of a given instance of the problem, and we give a simple product formula for their number. Then, we study the probability distribution of $$S_N$$

S
N

(the zero-temperature entropy of the model), in the uniform random ensemble. We find that, for large N, $$S_N \sim \frac{1}{2} N \log N + N s + {\mathcal {O}}\left( \log N \right) $$

S
N

∼

1
2

N
log
N
+
N
s
+
O

log
N

, where s is a random variable whose distribution p(s) does not depend on N. We give expressions for the moments of p(s), both from a formulation as a Brownian process, and via singularity analysis of the generating functions associated to $$S_N$$

S
N

. The latter approach provides a combinatorial framework that allows to compute an asymptotic expansion to arbitrary order in 1/N for the mean and the variance of $$S_N$$

S
N

.