bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A relationship matrix resolving model for identifying vital nodes based on community in opportunistic social networks
Authors: Luo Jingwen , Wu Jia , Yang Weiyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe introduction of the 5G Internet and big data communication into human society underpins the opportunistic social networks (OSNs) to survive. The storage‐carry‐forward mechanism refers to a data transmission strategy of OSNs, seeking any data transmission opportunities to communicate in the mobile process. Accordingly, identifying influential nodes is considered critical to OSNs and an essential prerequisite for developing efficient collaborative transmission algorithms. According to conventional OSNs, however, the node identification methods exhibit several defects (eg, low recognition accuracy, high time complexity, and poor performance in complexity networks). To address the mentioned defects, this study builds a relationship matrix resolving model to identify vital nodes by complying with community, which is capable of effectively identifying influential nodes in the network. The proposed model iterates by drawing upon the community features in the network to yield the optimal solution that satisfies the set condition, that is, the influential nodes in the community. As revealed from the experimental results, the method exhibits high performance.
Astrocyte‐neuronal network interplay is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease mice
Authors: Lines Justin , Baraibar Andrés M. , Fang Cenxiao , Martin Eduardo D. , Aguilar Juan , Lee Michael K. , Araque Alfonso , Kofuji Paulo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with senile plaques of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) that affect the function of neurons and astrocytes. Brain activity results from the coordinated function of neurons and astrocytes in astroglial‐neuronal networks. However, the effects of Aβ on astroglial and neuronal network function remains unknown. Simultaneously monitoring astrocyte calcium and electric neuronal activities, we quantified the impact of Aβ on sensory‐evoked cortical activity in a mouse model of AD. At rest, cortical astrocytes displayed spontaneous hyperactivity that was related to Aβ density. Sensory‐evoked astrocyte responsiveness was diminished in AD mice, depending on the density and distance of Aβ, and the responses showed altered calcium dynamics. Hence, astrocytes were spontaneously hyperactive but hypo‐responsive to sensory stimulation. Finally, AD mice showed sensory‐evoked electrical cortical hyperresponsiveness associated with altered astrocyte‐neuronal network interplay. Our findings suggest dysfunction of astrocyte networks in AD mice may dysregulate cortical electrical activity and contribute to cognitive decline.
Functional imaging of human retina using integrated multispectral and laser speckle contrast imaging
Authors: Feng Ximeng , Yu Yue , Zou Da , Jin Zi , Zhou Chuanqing , Liu Gangjun , Fujimoto James G. , Li Changhui , Lu Yanye , Ren Qiushi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel integration of retinal multispectral imaging (MSI), retinal oximetry and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is presented for functional imaging of retinal blood vessels that could potentially allow early detection or monitoring of functional changes. We designed and built a cost‐effective, scalable, retinal imaging instrument that integrates structural and functional retinal imaging techniques, including MSI, retinal oximetry and LSCI. Color fundus imaging was performed with 470 nm, 550 nm and 600 nm wavelength light emitting diode (LED) illumination. Retinal oximetry was performed using 550 nm and 600 nm LED illumination. LSCI of blood flow was performed using 850 nm laser diode illumination at 82 frames per second. LSCI can visualize retinal and choroidal vasculature without requiring exogenous contrast agents and can provide time‐resolved information on blood flow, generating a cardiac pulse waveform from retinal vasculature. The technology can rapidly acquire structural MSI images, retinal oximetry and LSCI blood flow information in a simplified clinical workflow without requiring patients to move between instruments. Results from multiple modalities can be combined and registered to provide structural as well as functional information on the retina. These advances can reduce barriers for clinical adoption, accelerating research using MSI, retinal oximetry and LSCI of blood flow for diagnosis, monitoring and elucidating disease pathogenesis.
Immune‐mediated membranous nephropathy: Long term fluconazole usage caused podocyte autophagy
Authors: Huang Lan , Zhao Ya‐Juan , Dong Qiao‐Rong , Hu Gui‐Cai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe primary consequences of membranous nephropathy (MN) are the development of nephrotic syndrome including hypogammaglobulinemia, the increased infectious risk, the loss of protein‐bound vitamin D, and, above all, an elevated thromboembolic incidence of up to 50% in severe proteinuria patients. Membrane nephropathy may be either idiopathic or primary, not recognized (70%–80%) or secondary (20%–30%) to pathological sicknesses such as hepatitis B, systemic lupus erythematosus, malignancies, and side‐effects of medicines. The immunological responses in MN involve multiple components: immunoglobulin G (IgG), long‐escaped antigens, and the membrane attachment complex, formed by the supplement to form C5b‐9. In general, IgG4 is the most significant IgG subclass deposited in idiopathic membranous nephropathic disease but fluctuating IgG1 levels also are linked with immunological deposits. In contrast, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 deposition are greater than IgG4 deposition in secondary nephropathy. Fluconazole is a synthetic antifungal triazole that is often used. It is well tolerated in general and has never been identified as a cause of nephropathies. We report on the development of MN caused by fluconazole therapy that could potentiate podocyte autophagy.
Mg2+‐mediated autophagy‐dependent polarization of macrophages mediates the osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal stem cells by interfering with macrophage‐derived exosomes containing miR‐381
Authors: Zhu Yong , Zhao Shushan , Cheng Liang , Lin Zhangyuan , Zeng Min , Ruan Zhe , Sun Buhua , Luo Zhongwei , Tang Yifu , Long Haitao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagnesium ion (Mg2+) has received increased attention due to the roles it plays in promoting osteogenesis and preventing inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which Mg2+ influences the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs). The polarization of Mø (macrophages) was measured after treatment with Mg2+. Meanwhile, autophagy in Mø was measured by detecting LC3B expression. Mø‐derived exosomes were isolated and cocultured with BMSCs; after which, osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin Red staining and detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Our results showed that Mg2+ could induce autophagy in macrophages and modulate the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. Mg2+‐mediated macrophages could facilitate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by regulating autophagy, and this facilitation by Mg2+‐mediated macrophages was closely related to macrophage‐derived exosomes, and especially exosomes containing miR‐381. However, miR‐381 in macrophages did not influence autophagy or the polarization of Mg2+‐mediated macrophages. Furthermore, macrophage‐derived exosomes containing miR‐381 mainly determined the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mg2+‐mediated macrophages were shown to promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via autophagy through reducing miR‐381 in macrophage‐derived exosomes. In conclusion, our results suggest Mg2+‐mediated macrophage‐derived exosomes containing miR‐381 as novel vehicles for promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Structural biofilm resistance of carbon‐infiltrated carbon nanotube coatings
Authors: Morco Stephanie R. , Williams Dustin L. , Jensen Brian D. , Bowden Anton E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of orthopedic implant surgeries, such as total knee and hip arthroplasties. Treatment requires additional surgeries because antibiotics have limited efficacy due to biofilm formation and resistant bacterial strains such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A non‐pharmaceutical approach is needed, and examples of this are found in nature; dragonfly and cicada wings are antibacterial because of their nanopillar surface structure rather than their chemistry. Carbon‐infiltrated carbon nanotube (CICNT) surfaces exhibit a similar nanopillar structure, and have been shown to facilitate osseointegration, and it is postulated that they might provide a structurally‐derived resistance to bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation. The objective of this study was to test the biofilm resistance of CICNT coatings. Two types of CICNT were produced: a vertically aligned CNT forest on a silicon substrate using a layer of iron as the catalyst (CICNT‐Si) and a random‐oriented CNT forest on stainless steel (SS) substrate using the substrate as the catalyst (CICNT‐SS). These were tested against SS and carbon controls. After 48 h in an MRSA biofilm reactor, samples demonstrated that both types of CICNT coatings significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced MRSA biofilm formation by 60%–80%. Morphologically, biofilm presence on both types of CICNT was also significantly reduced. Clinical Significance: Results suggest that a CICNT surface modification could be suitable and advantageous for medical devices susceptible to MRSA cell attachment and biofilm proliferation, particularly orthopedic implants.
Predicted functional and taxonomic analysis of subgingival biofilm of Grade C periodontitis in young patients under maintenance therapy
Authors: Paz Hélvis E. S. , Monteiro Mabelle F. , Stolf Camila S. , Altabtbaei Khaled , Casati Márcio Z. , Casarin Renato C. V. , Kumar Purnima S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Grade C periodontitis in young patients (PerioC‐Y), the functional roles of the subgingival community after years of periodontal treatment are still underexplored. This study evaluated the taxonomic and predicted functional content of the subgingival microbiome of PerioC‐Y patients under supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).MethodsClinical and microbiological data from subgingival biofilm were assessed from 10 PerioC‐Y patients at two time points: at baseline and after 5.7 ± 1.3 years of SPT. This was compared with 15 patients without a history of periodontitis. The V1‐V3 and V4‐V5 regions of the 16S rRNA were sequenced using the Illumina Miseq. Microbial composition was evaluated by the core microbiome, and alpha‐ and beta‐diversity. The microbiome functional content was predicted using Picrust2, and the gene differential abundance was analyzed with DESeq2.ResultsClinical improvements were seen in PerioC‐Y‐SPT. Differences in β‐diversity between PerioC‐Y and health were observed (health x PerioC‐Y‐baseline, P = 0.02; health x PerioC‐Y‐SPT, P = 0.05). Moreover, although β‐diversity did not statistically change between baseline and SPT in PerioC‐Y, the microbial correlation evidenced increased Streptococcus and decreased Treponema network contributions during SPT. Based on predicted functional data, treatment induced a reduction in genes related to flagellar protein and signal transduction in PerioC‐Y. However, compared with healthy individuals, some genes remained more highly abundant in PerioC‐Y‐SPT, such as quorum sensing and efflux pump transporters.ConclusionDespite clinical improvements and a shift in taxonomic composition, the PerioC‐Y patients' periodontal treatment was not enough to reach a similar microbiome to patients without disease experience. Some functional content in this biofilm remained altered in PerioC‐Y regardless of disease control.
The internationalization of Chinese multinational enterprises under the Belt‐and‐Road Initiative
Authors: Wang Jinmin , Mirsardin Ibragimov , Sun Yutao , Yang Xiangyang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the Belt‐and‐Road Initiative has affected the internationalization of Chinese multinational enterprises with a case study of China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation. It is found that the Belt‐and‐Road Initiative can be considered as part of China's integration with global production networks, which enhances the ownership, location and internalization advantages of Chinese multinational enterprises. In particular, the Belt‐and‐Road Initiative has had a positive impact on improving the innovation capability and firm performance of Chinese multinational enterprises through promoting R&D internationalization and strengthening the specialization of production.
Seeking agreements while appreciating differences among Chinese new ventures
Authors: Zhang Rui , Su Taoyong , Ji Junzhe , Mao Yufei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo attain superior venture performance, entrepreneurs need to extend their networks by engaging many heterogeneous partners and simultaneously casually seeking common goals between their new ventures and these partners. A critical network mechanism underlies the associations between entrepreneurial decision‐making logics, namely effectuation and causation, and entrepreneurial performance. Two network attributes—network heterogeneity and shared goal—play a key role in such a mechanism. Specifically, network heterogeneity mediates the effect of effectuation on entrepreneurial performance, while shared goal not only mediates the effect of causation on entrepreneurial performance but also moderates the network heterogeneity–performance association.
In situ ruminal disappearance of crude protein and phytate from differently processed rapeseed meals in dairy cows
Authors: Haese Eva , Titze Natascha , Rodehutscord Markus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe influence of different processing conditions of rapeseed meal on ruminal degradation of crude protein and phytate in dairy cows was investigated. Following oil extraction from the rapeseed, five residence times in the desolventizer/toaster were chosen to remove the solvent from the meal. Rapeseed cake and rapeseed meals were incubated in situ in the rumen of three fistulated dairy cows to determine ruminal degradation parameters.RESULTSWith increasing residence time in the desolventizer/toaster the ruminal degradation of crude protein decreased significantly for every treatment step. Ruminal phytate degradation and crude protein degradation were affected almost identically.CONCLUSIONThe processing conditions of rapeseed meal have a major impact on the ruminal degradation of crude protein and phytate, indicating a potential conflict of interest regarding the production process. Large amounts of undegradable rumen protein are often intended for high‐yielding dairy cows whereas a high level of ruminal degradation is preferred for phytate to increase absorption of phosphorus in the small intestine. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Diversity in Academic Laryngology: An Evaluation of Academic Advancement and Research Productivity
Authors: Kollu Tejas , Giutashvili Tinatini , Uppal Priya , Ruffner Randall , Mortensen Melissa 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundDiversity within the medical profession with respect to sex and racial minorities has been shown to have a positive effect on health and healthcare. Characterization of a field is key to evaluating trends and the advancement of diversity in an otolaryngology subspecialty.Study DesignObservational study.MethodsA comprehensive list of all the academic laryngologists was compiled from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited otolaryngology residency programs in 2020. The last 20 past presidents of the American Laryngological Association (ALA) and American Broncho‐Esophogological Association (ABEA) were analyzed. Academic rank and years in practice were determined from departmental websites, with online search tools used as secondary resources. The h‐index was utilized as a measure of research productivity. Regression analysis was performed to analyze these variables.ResultsThere are 184 academic laryngologists in the 124 programs. The majority of the population is Caucasian 76.6% (141/184), followed by Asian 16.3% (30/184), African American 4.34% (8/184), and then Hispanic 1% (2/184). There are 47 full professors with 83% Caucasian, 14.1% Asian, and 2.1% African American and 91.5% male and only 8.5% female. Past ALA presidents were 90% male and for the ABEA 75% male. H‐index revealed a statistically significant difference between Caucasian and African American colleagues [Pvalue (<.0005)].ConclusionsMinorities are disproportionately underrepresented in laryngology. Women are less likely to be in leadership roles in laryngology and become full professors. Laryngology lags behind other surgical specialties in the representation of minorities and women. Continued efforts should be made to increase diversity in the field of laryngology, especially in regard to underrepresented minorities.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 132:1245–1250, 2022
Effect of socioeconomic and institutional factors and sustainable land management practices on soil fertility in smallholder farms in the Mahottari District, Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Ashok Kumar , Pandit Ram , Burton Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil fertility decline is a serious global problem, leading to a decline in crop yields and jeopardizing household food security, particularly in developing countries. This paper examines the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors and the adoption of sustainable land management practices on soil fertility changes on farms between 2002 and 2018 in the Mahottari District of Nepal. A household survey among 184 smallholder farmers was conducted in 2018 to complement soil survey data collected in 2002. A seemingly unrelated regression model was used to estimate factors influencing soil fertility changes between the two periods. The results showed that soil organic matter (SOM), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and soil pH increased, on average, by about 0.2%, 97 kg/ha, 4 kg/ha, and 0.5 scales, respectively, on the studied farms. The regression results indicated that extension visits and government support (free seedlings) had positive effects, while cooperative membership negatively affected soil fertility changes. Moreover, practicing fallow land use improved soil fertility changes on farms, while practicing conventional tillage using animals deteriorated soil fertility changes. The adoption of agroforestry practices positively affected changes in P and K and negatively affected SOM. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of institutional characteristics and sustainable land management practices to improve soil fertility. The policy implications of these findings for enhancing soil fertility on smallholder farms are: (1) increase the frequency of extension visits to share relevant information with farmers; and (2) incentivize farmers to adopt agroforestry and fallowing practices on their farms.
The PTW microSilicon diode: Performance in small 6 and 15 MV photon fields and utility of density compensation
Authors: Georgiou Georgios , Kumar Sudhir , Würfel Jan U. , Gilmore Martyn , Underwood Tracy S. A. , Rowbottom Carl G. , Fenwick John D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeWe have experimentally and computationally characterized the PTW microSilicon 60023‐type diode's performance in 6 and 15 MV photon fields ≥5 × 5 mm2 projected to isocenter. We tested the detector on‐ and off‐axis at 5 and 15 cm depths in water, and investigated whether its response could be improved by including within it a thin airgap.MethodsExperimentally, detector readings were taken in fields generated by a Varian TrueBeam linac and compared with doses‐to‐water measured using Gafchromic film and ionization chambers. An unmodified 60023‐type diode was tested along with detectors modified to include 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mm thick airgaps. Computationally, doses absorbed by water and detectors’ sensitive volumes were calculated using the EGSnrc/BEAMnrc Monte Carlo radiation transport code. Detector response was characterized using , a factor that corrects for differences in the ratio of dose‐to‐water to detector reading between small fields and the reference condition, in this study 5 cm deep on‐axis in a 4 × 4 cm2 field.ResultsThe greatest errors in measurements of small field doses made using uncorrected readings from the unmodified 60023‐type detector were over‐responses of 2.6% ± 0.5% and 5.3% ± 2.0% determined computationally and experimentally, relative to the reading‐per‐dose in the reference field. Corresponding largest errors for the earlier 60017‐type detector were 11.9% ± 0.6% and 11.7% ± 1.4% over‐responses. Adding even the thinnest, 0.6 mm, airgap to the 60023‐type detector over‐corrected it, leading to under‐responses of up to 4.8% ± 0.6% and 5.0% ± 1.8% determined computationally and experimentally. Further, Monte Carlo calculations indicate that a detector with a 0.3 mm airgap would read correctly to within 1.3% on‐axis. The ratio of doses at 15 and 5 cm depths in water in a 6 MV 4 × 4 cm2 field was measured more accurately using the unmodified 60023‐type detector than using the 60017‐type detector, and was within 0.3% of the ratio measured using an ion chamber. The 60023‐type diode's sensitivity also varied negligibly as dose‐rate was reduced from 13 to 4 Gy min–1 by decreasing the linac pulse repetition frequency, whereas the sensitivity of the 60017‐type detector fell by 1.5%.ConclusionsThe 60023‐type detector performed well in small fields across a wide range of beam energies, field sizes, depths, and off‐axis positions. Its response can potentially be further improved by adding a thin, 0.3 mm, airgap.
Patients' prior perceptions and expectations of the Enhanced Transtheoretical Model Intervention for chronic low back pain: A qualitative study
Authors: Feldman Ron , Nudelman Yaniv , Haleva‐Amir Sharon , Ben Ami Noa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Enhanced Transtheoretical Model Intervention (ETMI) is an approach for treating chronic low back pain (CLBP), which demonstrated clinical and cost‐effectiveness outcomes. ETMI highlights reassurance, return to normal activities and encouragement of recreational physical activity. In order to optimally implement ETMI, it is important to gain an understanding of the expectations and perceptions of patients before they engage with the intervention.ObjectivesTo explore CLBP patients' perceptions and expectations of the ETMI method prior to their first consultation with physiotherapist.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 30 CLBP patients. The interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, coded, and analysed thematically. Patients were first asked about their expectations of treatment, then they were asked to comment on the ETMI method.ResultsThree main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Patient's perceptions of LBP; (2) patient's expectations from current physiotherapy and (3) Patient's expectations from ETMI method. The patients' perceptions of back pain centred on biomechanical causal factors, a desire for diagnostic tests and beliefs that rest cures the pain. Their expectations from current physiotherapy included pain reduction, passive treatment, a structured exercise program and clear information about LBP. In reference to the ETMI method, patients expected pain reduction, practical tools to self‐manage, and a combination of ETMI with passive treatment.Conclusionaddressing issues around patient's perceptions and expectations of current physiotherapy and of the ETMI method, prior to their first consultation with physiotherapist, could be beneficial for understanding how to improve the ETMI implementation in the health care system.