bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of seasonal flooding on Jaguar (Panthera onca) home range and movements
Authors: de Brito Marcos Roberto Monteiro , Alvarenga Guilherme Costa , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues , Maranhão Louise , Pinto dos Santos Lázaro , Gomes dos Santos Railgler , Menezes Jorge Fernando Saraiva , Ramalho Emiliano Esterci 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Movement is an integral part of animal foraging and survival. Thus, conditions that hamper animal movement should cause significant shifts in their ecology, especially in traits directly related to movement such as home range, displacement, and site fidelity. Using jaguars (Panthera onca) as our model species, we measured the effect of reduced mobility in a unique natural experiment. The Amazonian varzeas of the Mamirauá Reserve have such a prevalent and intense flooding that jaguars in the region adopt a semiaquatic and arboreal lifestyle during the wet season. We hypothesized that Jaguar space use would change substantially between seasons with decreasing home ranges, core areas, and displacements during the high-water periods. Given previously documented sex-based differences in Jaguar space use and movement we also evaluated sex-based differences in movement parameters in our study system. We measured seasonal home ranges and core areas using autocorrelated kernel density estimation, with the 95% contour for home ranges and 50% for core areas. Displacement was calculated as the velocity of movement in meters per second in each given step comprised of locations every 6 h. Our results indicated that home range area remained constant between seasons, but displacement decreased during high-water periods as expected. We discuss the possibility that jaguars switch to an ambushing form of predation, which is made possible by the large number of prey in the region. This ambushing tactic would allow jaguars to retain a large home range despite low mobility and larger movement costs.
International Merger Control: How Long Does it Take and How Much Does it Cost? An Empirical Study Based on the Brazilian Case Law
Authors: Burnier da Silveira Paulo , Maiolino Isabela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper analyses both the duration and the expenses resulting from notification fees in relation to international merger control proceedings in Brazil. For this purpose, the research relies on a dataset of 192 cases reviewed by the Brazilian Competition Authority between 2013 and 2022. The dataset indicates that an international merger requires in average 103 days for time review in Brazil, eight notifications to competition authorities around the globe and €175,794.00 in expenses with notification fees. In addition, the 192 cases revealed a total of 1,562 merger notifications worldwide involving 73 jurisdictions. The research provides a descriptive overview of the statistics and a correlation analysis between the duration of the international merger reviews and key factors (i.e. geographic scope of transaction, number of jurisdictions notified, existence of international cooperation, number of relevant markets, type of decisions, number of staff, and expenses with notification fees). The paper concludes with a summary of the key findings and suggestions for future work.
Tree models for assessing covariate-dependent method agreement with an application to physical activity measurements
Authors: Karapetyan Siranush , Zeileis Achim , Henriksen André , Hapfelmeier Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Method comparison studies assess agreement between different measurement methods. In the present work, we are interested in comparing physical activity measurements using two different accelerometers. However, a potential issue arises with the popular Bland–Altman analysis, as it assumes that differences between measurements are identically distributed across all observational units. In the case of the physical activity measurements, agreement might depend on sex, height, weight, or age of the person wearing the accelerometers, among others. To capture this potential dependency, we introduce the concept of conditional method agreement, which defines subgroups with heterogeneous agreement in dependence of covariates. We propose several tree-based models that can detect such a dependency and incorporate it into the model by splitting the data into subgroups, showing that the agreement of the activity measurements is conditional on the participant’s age. Simulation studies also showed that all models were able to detect subgroups with high accuracy as the sample size increased. We call the proposed modelling approach conditional method agreement trees and make them publicly available through the R package coat.
Penile suspensory ligament: anatomy, function, and clinical perspectives of its repair
Authors: Liu Wen , Calopedos Ross , Blecher Gideon , Love Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The penile suspensory ligament (PSL) plays a significant role in penile support and erection and its injury or congenital absence may result in functional impairment of erectile function.

Aim
To describe the diagnosis and surgical repair technique for PSL abnormalities and overall outcomes.

Methods
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to understand the anatomic relevance of the PSL and historical management of PSL defects. A contemporary method for PSL repair is described using a transverse infrapubic incision with placement of midline anchoring (non-absorbable braided) sutures between the tunica albuginea (TA) and symphysis pubis to correct penile position and instability.

Outcomes
Surgical success defined as degree of penile curvature and penile stability for sexual intercourse as well as patient and partner satisfaction rates were reviewed.

Results
Though limited in number, available case series in the literature indicate a success rate between 85-100%, and more recent reviews fall in the 85-91% range. Patient satisfaction rates vary from 82-88%, but some series included patients with penile dysmorphic disorder and Peyronie’s disease, which are known to have higher dissatisfaction rates related to the underlying etiology itself. In patients with venogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), resolution was 100% but de novo ED occurred in 3-5%; these cases were all successfully managed medically.

Clinical Implications
This review addresses the diagnosis of PSL abnormalities and demonstrates a simple but effective repair technique to significantly improve erectile stability in men with acceptable risk.

Strengths and Limitations
This is a comprehensive review of the available research on PSL abnormalities that outlines its diverse patient presentation and a systematic method to diagnosis and repair PSL defects. The patient satisfaction rates are reasonably high but given the relatively rarity of this entity, larger longitudinal multi-institutional studies are required to further elucidate risks of de novo ED, penile shortening, and functional outcomes over the long-term.

Conclusion
PSL repair using permanent anchoring sutures or a fascial graft between the pubic symphysis and the TA of the corpora cavernosa is a safe and efficacious way to restore an important part of the penile suspensory apparatus that helps stabilize the penis during erection for normal sexual function.
Transcriptional regulation of daily sleep amount by TCF4–HDAC4–CREB complex in mice
Authors: Zhou Rui , Zhang Chaodong , Gan Rui , Yin Xin , Wang Meng , Shi Bihan , Chen Lin , Wu Chongyang , Li Qi , Liu Qinghua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Histone deacetylase HDAC4/5 cooperates with cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the transcriptional regulation of daily sleep amount downstream of LKB1-SIK3 kinase cascade in mice. Here, we report a significant enrichment of the E-box motifs for the basic loop–helix–loop (bHLH) proteins near the CREB- and HDAC4-binding sites in the mouse genome. Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of class I bHLH transcription factors, such as TCF4, TCF3, or TCF12, across the mouse brain neurons reduces the duration of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). TCF4 requires its bHLH domain to regulate REMS or NREMS amount, of which the latter is mostly independent of the E-box-binding activity. Consistent with that TCF4 interacts with CREB and HDAC4 via the bHLH domain, TCF4 relies on CREB and partly on HDAC4 to regulate NREMS/REMS amount. Conversely, the ability of CREB to regulate sleep duration also requires its binding to TCF4 and HDAC4. Together, these results indicate that TCF4, HDAC4, and CREB could function cooperatively in the transcriptional regulation of daily sleep amount in mice.
Financial assistance for snakebite envenoming by OECD nations
Authors: Rae Richenda J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization re-established snakebite as a neglected tropical disease in 2017. An overview is provided on snakebite financial assistance in relation to the policy landscape change.

Methods
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Creditor Reporting System database was searched and 184 results obtained from 1999 to 2022 underwent simple Excel analysis.

Results
Contributions increased from $0.05 million in 1999 to a peak of $100.8 million in 2020. Most assistance was directed towards treatment research.

Conclusions
Contributions increased since snakebite was reprioritised by global health stakeholders, aligning with policy landscape changes. Financial reprioritisation of strategic priorities beyond treatment research may be required for established goals to be met.
Determinants of seeking or foregoing allopathic treatment after snakebite: a population-based study from rural Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayawardana Subashini , Chang Thashi , Gnanathasan Ariaranee , Arambepola Carukshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite the availability of antivenom, not all snakebite victims choose to seek allopathic care. This choice of care is likely to be determined by unexplored personal and external factors. We studied the factors influencing the choice of treatment and first aid measures among snakebite victims.

Methods
We conducted a population-based study integrating quantitative and qualitative research methods among snakebite victims in the preceding 12 months, selected from 8707 residents in Ampara District, representing typical rural Sri Lanka with a high snakebite burden. Interviewers collected data using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Logistic regression and thematic analysis were performed.

Results
Among the 153 victims, 57.5% were farmers. As first aid, 19.6% practiced the application of tourniquets. The treatment choices were allopathic medicine (65.4%), ayurvedic/traditional (26.1%), faith healing (3.3%), self-medication (2.0%) and none (3.3%). Visible ambient light at the time of bite (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.3 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.1 to 4.7]), absence of local swelling (aOR 2.5 [95% CI 1.1 to 5.3]) and prolonged bleeding (aOR 8.6 [95% CI 1.9 to 33.3]) determined failure to seek allopathic treatment, while personal characteristics showed no influence. Qualitative inquiry revealed that the treatment choice was influenced by the ability of the victim or others to recognize envenoming features and the snake as venomous and awareness of the facilities available in hospitals.

Conclusions
The time of snakebite, recognition of the snake/envenoming and awareness of accessible medical services determined the treatment choice following snakebite.
Local swelling in snakebite envenomation: Are we missing something for want of a name?
Authors: Kadhiravan Tamilarasu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Envenomations caused by viperid and some elapid snakebites are typically accompanied by local swelling and signs of inflammation that appear within a few hours of bite and spread centripetally for a few days. Often these changes are mistaken for signs of infection and are misdiagnosed as ‘cellulitis’. This potentially results in unwarranted use of antibiotics. There are important clinical differences between the swelling caused by local envenomation vis-à-vis cellulitis. The term venom-induced spreading sterile inflammation (VISSI) is more appropriate as a diagnosis name for the local swelling caused by snakebite envenomation.
Proteogenomic approaches for snake venom protein-based drug development: current trends and challenges
Authors: Jhade Sandeep Kumar , Kalidoss Karthik , Pathak Poonam Kumari , Shrivastava Rahul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Snake venom proteins have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential. Proteogenomic strategies, integrating transcriptomics and proteomics, have emerged as powerful tools for identifying and characterizing venom proteins for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Analytical techniques like mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing enable comprehensive analysis, identifying key venom components and their variants. Recent studies unveil the diversity and complexity of snake venom, highlighting species-specific variations in toxin composition. Structural biology techniques, including x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, provide insights into venom enzyme structures and mechanisms of action, facilitating drug design. Bioinformatics tools aid in data analysis and prediction of venom protein functions, enhancing drug discovery efforts. Despite advancements, challenges persist, including toxicity, formulation stability and clinical validation. This review describes the current as well as future options for research and development and emphasizes the critical role of proteogenomic techniques in developing snake venom protein-based drugs.
Snakebite-associated acute kidney injury in South Asia: narrative review on epidemiology, pathogenesis and management
Authors: Alvitigala Bhawani Yasassri , Gooneratne Lallindra Viranjan , Gnanathasan Christeine Ariaranee , Wijewickrama Eranga Sanjeewa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Snakebite-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) poses a significant health burden in the South Asia region, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AKI following snakebites, including hypotension, intravascular haemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and direct nephrotoxicity. Clinical features manifest as anuria, oliguria, haematuria, abdominal pain and hypertension. Diagnosis is supported by elevated serum creatinine levels and urine output monitoring. Renal histology studies revealed a spectrum of lesions, including acute tubular necrosis, renal cortical necrosis, glomerulonephritis and TMA. Management strategies centre around timely administration of antivenom, fluid and electrolyte balance and dialysis to improve renal outcomes. While dialysis has demonstrated efficacy in reducing AKI-related mortality rates, the use of fresh frozen plasma and therapeutic plasma exchange may be the subject of some controversy. Understanding the pathophysiological link between coagulopathy, TMA and AKI is important for tailoring effective treatment approaches. Species-specific randomized controlled trials are imperative to evaluate targeted interventions. In tackling the complexities of snakebite-associated AKI and chronic kidney disease, a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical management with rigorous research efforts is essential. This collaborative endeavour aims to confront the challenges posed by these conditions and improve patient outcomes in the affected regions.
Challenges of researching snakes in India
Authors: Kuttalam Sourish , Malhotra Anita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ambitious WHO goal of halving snakebite mortality by 2030 is challenged by a number of logistical hurdles, none more so than in India where snakebite envenomation presents a multifaceted challenge. We have collaborated with several organizations focused on snakebite in India over the last 11 years, with an emphasis on fieldwork to collect samples from venomous snakes in various regions, particularly understudied regions in the northeast and western Himalayas. This programme has encountered several significant obstacles, including securing permits from government organizations to collect snake samples in the field, obtaining long-term research funding, coordinating multidisciplinary collaboration on snakebite projects and engaging with grassroots stakeholders who are most affected by snakebite incidents. We emphasize the necessity of adopting a nationally coordinated yet regionally diversified approach that accounts for the biogeographical and cultural complexity of the country.
The incidence of snakebite in South Africa and the challenges associated with lack of reporting
Authors: Naik Hiral , Alexander Graham J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Snakebite is a public health challenge that has a substantial impact on humans and snakes. Annually, millions of people are affected by snakebite globally but there is a paucity of detailed data on snakebite incidences. The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of snakebite incidences in South Africa.

Methods
We collected data from hospital records, information from the National Snakebite Database and records from the AfriTox Telelog database from 2011 to 2024.

Results
The combined dataset showed that 3496 snakebite incidences have been recorded over 12.5 years. The prevalence was calculated to be 5.63 per 100 000 individuals of the population for South Africa, with the highest prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal (8.89). Males made up 65.9% of snakebite incidences and most incidences were recorded between November and March. The snake species responsible for most snakebite incidences was Bitis arietans.

Conclusion
Snakebite is generally well managed in South Africa with few recorded deaths despite the relatively high number of bites. However, incidents are often not recorded or have missing information particularly regarding the circumstances of the bite. Our study provides insight on the snake species responsible for snakebite incidences in South Africa and can be used to create prevention measures.
Treatment and treatment outcomes of snakebite envenoming in Uganda: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Nanyonga Stella Maris , Matafwali Scott Kaba , Kibira Denis , Kitutu Freddy Eric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in rural sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a notable lack of data concerning the management and treatment outcomes for those affected. This study addresses this gap by examining the management and treatment outcomes of snakebite victims in Uganda.

Methods
We reviewed retrospective data of 532 snakebite cases attending 16 Ugandan health facilities from January 2017 to December 2021. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were extracted from patient records and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results
The snakebite victims had a median age of 26 y, most were male (55.3%) and had bites of unidentified snake species (92.3%). Among the 465 treated patients, 71.6% received antibiotics, 66.0% hydrocortisone, 36.3% analgesics and only 6.9% antivenom. No adverse antivenom reactions were documented. The majority (89.5%) were discharged; 1.3% died and 5.5% had unknown outcomes.

Conclusions
These results suggest that snakebite envenoming affects vulnerable Ugandans, particularly young males and children. Treatment is primarily supportive, with antibiotic overuse and infrequent antivenom administration. Health provider training on appropriate snakebite management is needed to optimize outcomes.
Snakebites, a neglected public health concern: an analysis of distribution, trends and incidence of snakebite cases reported to health facilities in the Volta Region of Ghana, 2018–2023
Authors: Bosoka Samuel Adolf , Jerela Joseph Yaw , Nambagyira Amatus , Bonsu Emmanuel Yaw , Korang Felix Kwame , Djokoto Senanu Kwesi , Kubio Chrysantus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Snakebite affects 5.4 million people annually, causing up to 2.7 million envenoming cases and 137 880 deaths. Its rise has been linked to flooding. This study examines the distribution, trends and incidence of snakebite cases in the Volta Region and identifies snakebite outbreaks in flood-affected districts.

Methods
We undertook a descriptive secondary data analysis of 2018–2023 snakebite cases from the District Health Information and Management Systems II database for the Volta Region. Cumulative Sum was used to identify missed outbreaks. The results are presented in tables, graphs and maps.

Results
A total of 1637 snakebite cases were reported across the 6-y study period, with an overall incidence rate of 15.8 cases per 100 000 population and a case fatality rate of 0.4% (7/1637). Case patients aged 20–34 y were the most affected (26.7%; 437/1637). Most of the cases peaked in March during the rainy season. The incidence of snakebites decreased from 18 cases per 100 000 population in 2018 to 15.8 cases per 100 000 population in 2023. Each of the flood-affected districts reported snakebite outbreaks before the flooding event. No new outbreaks were detected during or after the floods as of December 2023.

Conclusions
While snakebite incidence has decreased overall in the Volta Region, the burden remains alarmingly high in Ketu North. Young adults are particularly vulnerable. Urgent efforts are needed to enhance education, emphasising the importance of protective attire during the wet season for community safety.
Snakebite envenomation-associated acute kidney injury: a South-Asian perspective
Authors: Rao P Sai Kameshwar , Priyamvada P S , Bammigatti Chanaveerappa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Snakebite is a neglected public health problem in tropical countries. Snakebite envenomation-associated acute kidney injury (SBE-AKI) is a major complication accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of SBE-AKI may be multifactorial, including prerenal AKI secondary to hemodynamic alterations, intrinsic renal injury, immune-related mechanisms, venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy and capillary leak syndrome. Epidemiological factors include snake species, duration and severity of snakebite, traditional healers and native medication and accessibility to modern healthcare and antisnake venom. Renal histopathology observed consist of acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, cortical necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis and thrombotic microangiopathy. Glomerular involvement is rare. Proteinuria can be present rarely, hematuria is more common, most often due to venom-induced coagulopathy or hemolysis; it is only rarely due to renal injury. Management includes supportive care and renal replacement therapy when indicated. Progression to chronic kidney disease remains one of the biggest concerns of SBE-AKI. Hence the role and timing of renal biopsy remain controversial, given the risk involved and the benefit obtained in cases of interstitial nephritis. Various biomarkers, including cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, clusterin and beta-2-glycoprotein, have shown a tendency to predict AKI and also predict progression to chronic kidney disease.