bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved practical approach for estimating catchment‐scale response functions through wavelet analysis
Authors: Dwivedi Ravindra , Eastoe Christopher , Knowles John F. , Hamann Lejon , Meixner Thomas , “Ty” Ferre Paul A. , Castro Christopher , Wright William E. , Niu Guo‐Yue , Minor Rebecca , Barron‐Gafford Greg A. , Abramson Nathan , Mitra Bhaskar , Papuga Shirley A. , Stanley Michael , Chorover Jon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCatchment‐scale response functions, such as transit time distribution (TTD) and evapotranspiration time distribution (ETTD), are considered fundamental descriptors of a catchment's hydrologic and ecohydrologic responses to spatially and temporally varying precipitation inputs. Yet, estimating these functions is challenging, especially in headwater catchments where data collection is complicated by rugged terrain, or in semi‐arid or sub‐humid areas where precipitation is infrequent. Hence, we developed practical approaches for estimating both TTD and ETTD from commonly available tracer flux data in hydrologic inflows and outflows without requiring continuous observations. Using the weighted wavelet spectral analysis method of Kirchner and Neal [2013] for δ18O in precipitation and stream water, we calculated TTDs that contribute to streamflow via spatially and temporally variable flow paths in a sub‐humid mountain headwater catchment in Arizona, United States. Our results indicate that composite TTDs (a combination of Piston Flow and Gamma TTDs) most accurately represented this system for periods up to approximately 1 month, and that a Gamma TTD was most appropriate thereafter during both winter and summer seasons and for the overall time‐weighted TTD; a Gamma TTD type was applicable for all periods during the dry season. The TTD results also suggested that old waters, i.e., beyond the applicable tracer range, represented approximately 3% of subsurface contributions to streamflow. For ETTD and using δ18O as a tracer in precipitation and xylem waters, a Gamma ETTD type best matched the observations for all seasons and for the overall time‐weighted pattern, and stable water isotopes were effective tracers for the majority of vegetation source waters. This study addresses a fundamental question in mountain catchment hydrology; namely, how do the spatially and temporally varying subsurface flow paths that support catchment evapotranspiration and streamflow modulate water quantity and quality over space and time.
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Authors: Ma Huifang , Huang Kejing , Wu Ruixia , Zhang Zhengwei , Li Jia , Zhao Bei , Dai Chen , Huang Ziwei , Zhang Hongmei , Yang Xiangdong , Li Bo , Liu Yuan , Duan Xiangfeng , Duan Xidong 
Published: February 2021

The synthesis of 2D WSe2 nanosheets, CoSe‐WSe2 lateral heterostructures. The field‐effect transistors (FETs) of CoSe‐WSe2 lateral heterostructures show satisfactory Ohmic contacts and considerably better FET performance over those with deposited Cr/Au contacts, suggesting the in‐plane metal‐semiconductor junctions may function as improved contacts for the atomically thin transistors. (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12157)
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Digital inclusion of the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia: Remote virtual mechanism for usability of telecentres amongst indigenous peoples
Authors: Bala Poline , Tan Chong Eng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the last decades, researchers and development practitioners have been experimenting with models, frameworks and devises to meet the needs of diverse users of information communication technologies. Turning to an ICT‐based community development known as the Telecentre Programme amongst Orang Asli, an indigenous people groups in Peninsular Malaysia, this paper describes why a remote virtual management devise was invented to encounter challenges related to rugged terrain constraints, which would have directly impacted the planning and the execution of programmes designed at the telecentres. This paper argues as a technological solution, the virtual remote management system has powered an ecosystem, which shored up the digital inclusion of the indigenous communities and in the process enabled the enhancement of local informational capabilities. To this end, it reduced their technological dependency on outsiders leading to the usability and sustainability of the telecentre for local capacity building and socioeconomic benefits for the disadvantage communities.
One‐pot synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives using the Fe2ZnAl2O7 catalyzed Hantzsch three‐component reaction
Authors: Zargarzadeh Reza , Akbari Dilmaghani Karim , Nikoo Abbas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA facile, low‐cost, and effective one‐pot method was developed for the synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives with high yields through the three‐component reaction of ammonium acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, and aromatic aldehydes using Fe2ZnAl2O7 as catalyst. The reaction was conducted at 70–80°C temperature under solvent free conditions. The developed method had some great advantages, including safe and clean reaction conditions, high to excellent product yields, short reaction time, and a novel and powerful heterogeneous catalyst. The developed heterogeneous solid catalyst had high efficiency and reusability in one‐pot multi‐component syntheses such that it was easily reused four to five times without significant loss in efficiency and product yield. The catalyst was characterized by scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐ray diffraction techniques. N2 sorption isotherms of the prepared nanocomposite exhibited surface area 2.1313E+01 m2/g and total pore volume of 3.0957E‐02 cm3/g. Substituted dihydropyridine derivatives were characterized and confirmed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and elemental spectral data.
Green sonosynthesis of phenazinpyrimidines using Co3O4/ZnO@N‐GQDs@SO3H nanocomposite as a robust heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Pooramiri Parvin , Babaei Pouria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSO3H functionalized Co3O4/ZnO@N‐GQDs nanocomposite as a green heterogeneous solid acid catalyst has been utilized for the synthesis of phenazinpyrimidines by the four‐component reaction of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthaquinone, o‐phenylenediamine, aldehydes, and 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil under ultrasonic irradiations. The catalyst has been characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and vibrating‐sample magnetometer). This method provides several benefits, including excellent yields in short reaction times, wide range of products, and applying the sonochemical methodology as efficient method.
Study on the dynamics of a vanadium doped LiFePO4 lithium‐ion battery using quasi‐elastic neutron scattering technique
Authors: Hu Chih‐Wei , Lee Chih‐Hao , Wu Pin‐Jiun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe investigation into the lithium diffusion in active electrode materials is especially interesting since it is directly connected with electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion battery. Quasi‐elastic neutron scattering (QENS) is a powerful experimental tool to study lithium diffusion dynamics. Here, Li0.99V0.01FePO4 (LFPV) cathode material is investigated using QENS technique. The QENS data showed that lithium diffusion can be well described in LFPV using a jump diffusion model. The Li self‐diffusion coefficient in LFPV material was estimated to be ~3 × 10−7 cm2/s at T = 600 K. This result is about 108 times faster than previous reports using electrochemical measurements, but similar to the molecular dynamic simulation. The slower Li ion diffusion might be due to the barrier at two phase boundary, grain boundary, and solid‐electrolyte interface.
SIRT3 mitigates intervertebral disc degeneration by delaying oxidative stress‐induced senescence of nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Lin Jiayi , Du Jiacheng , Wu Xiexing , Xu Congxin , Liu Jiangtao , Jiang Luyong , Cheng Xiaoqiang , Ge Gaoran , Chen Liang , Pang Qingjiang , Geng Dechun , Mao Haiqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSenescence of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells (NPC) is a major cause of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), so delay NPC senescence may be beneficial for mitigating IVDD. We studied the effect and mechanism of silent information regulator 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) on NPC senescence in vivo and in vitro. First, we observed SIRT3 expression in normal and degenerated NPC with immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Second, using SIRT3 lentivirus transfection, reactive oxygen species probe, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining, polymerase chain reaction, and western blot to observe the oxidative stress, senescence, and degeneration degree among groups. Subsequently, pretreatment with adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonists and inhibitors, observing oxidative stress, senescence, and degeneration degree among groups. Finally, the IVDD model was constructed and divided into Ctrl, Vehicle, LV‐shSIRT3, and LV‐SIRT3 groups. X‐ray and magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on rat's tails after 1 week; hematoxylin and eosin and safranin‐O staining were used to evaluate the degree of IVDD; immunofluorescence staining was used to observe SIRT3 expression; immunohistochemical staining was used to observe oxidative stress, senescence, and degeneration degree of NP. We found that SIRT3 expression is reduced in degenerated NP tissues but increased in H2O2‐induced NPC. Moreover, SIRT3 upregulation decreased oxidative stress, delayed senescence, and degeneration of NPC. In addition, activation of the AMPK/PGC‐1α pathway can partially mitigate the NPC oxidative stress, senescence, and degeneration caused by SIRT3 knockdown. The study in vivo revealed that local SIRT3 overexpression can significantly reduce oxidative stress and ECM degradation of NPC, delay NPC senescence, thereby mitigating IVDD. In summary, SIRT3 mediated by the AMPK/PGC‐1α pathway mitigates IVDD by delaying oxidative stress‐induced NPC senescence.
Pathophysiology and pathology of acute cholecystitis: A secondary publication of the Japanese version from 1992
Authors: Adachi Tomohiko , Eguchi Susumu , Muto Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcute cholecystitis is a progressive inflammation of the gallbladder usually caused by gallstones obstructing the cystic duct. Congestion and edema are evident symptoms during the first 2‐4 days, also known as the phase of edematous cholecystitis. Necrotizing cholecystitis, a phase characterized by bleeding and necrosis, is seen at 3‐5 days. From 7‐10 days, the disease progresses to its purulent phase, also known as suppurative cholecystitis. If the disease is still left untreated at this point, it progresses to subacute cholecystitis and it eventually becomes chronic cholecystitis. Possible complications that affect the management of cholecystitis include perforation of the gallbladder (bile peritonitis) during the hemorrhagic and necrosis phase, and peri‐gallbladder abscess and internal biliary fistula during the purulent phase.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibits neutrophil apoptosis by inducing cytokine release from mononuclear cells
Authors: Schindler Lisa , Zwissler Leon , Krammer Christine , Hendgen-Cotta Ulrike , Rassaf Tienush , Hampton Mark B , Dickerhof Nina , Bernhagen Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe chemokine-like inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pivotal driver of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, and cancer. MIF modulates the early inflammatory response through various mechanisms, including regulation of neutrophil recruitment and fate, but the mechanisms and the role of the more recently described MIF homolog MIF-2 (D-dopachrome tautomerase; D-DT) are incompletely understood. Here, we show that both MIF and MIF-2/D-DT inhibit neutrophil apoptosis. This is not a direct effect, but involves the activation of mononuclear cells, which secrete CXCL8 and other prosurvival mediators to promote neutrophil survival. Individually, CXCL8 and MIF (or MIF-2) did not significantly inhibit neutrophil apoptosis, but in combination they elicited a synergistic response, promoting neutrophil survival even in the absence of mononuclear cells. The use of receptor-specific inhibitors provided evidence for a causal role of the noncognate MIF receptor CXCR2 expressed on both monocytes and neutrophils in MIF-mediated neutrophil survival. We suggest that the ability to inhibit neutrophil apoptosis contributes to the proinflammatory role ascribed to MIF, and propose that blocking the interaction between MIF and CXCR2 could be an important anti-inflammatory strategy in the early inflammatory response.
COVID‐19 case fatality rate and tuberculosis in a metropolitan setting
Authors: Rojas‐Bolivar Daniel , Intimayta‐Escalante Claudio , Cardenas‐Jara Ariana , Jandarov Roman , Huaman Moises A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between tuberculosis case rate and COVID‐19 case fatality rate (CFR) among districts within a tuberculosis‐endemic metropolitan area. We analyzed data from 43 districts in Lima, Peru. We used districts as the units of observation. Linear regressions were used to investigate the relationship between COVID‐19 CFRs and tuberculosis case rates. The mean COVID‐19 CFR in each district for reporting Weeks 5–32 was used as the dependent variable. Independent variable was the mean rate of confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis cases for 2017–2019 period. Analyses were adjusted by population density, socioeconomic status, crowded housing, health facility density, and case rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and HIV infection. The mean COVID‐19 CFR in Lima was 4.0% ± 1.1%. The mean tuberculosis rate was 16.0 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. In multivariate analysis, tuberculosis case rate was associated with COVID‐19 CFR (β = 1.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.24–2.28; p = .02), after adjusting for potential confounders. We found that Lima districts with a higher burden of tuberculosis exhibited higher COVID‐19 CFRs, independent of socioeconomic, and morbidity variables.
Efficacy of copeptin in distinguishing COVID‐19 pneumonia from community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Kuluöztürk Mutlu , İn Erdal , Telo Selda , Karabulut Ercan , Geçkil Ayşegül Altıntop 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe clinical symptoms of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated pneumonia are similar. Effective predictive markers are needed to differentiate COVID‐19 pneumonia from CAP in the current pandemic conditions. Copeptin, a 39‐aminoacid glycopeptide, is a C‐terminal part of the precursor pre‐provasopressin (pre‐proAVP). The activation of the AVP system stimulates copeptin secretion in equimolar amounts with AVP. This study aims to determine serum copeptin levels in patients with CAP and COVID‐19 pneumonia and to analyze the power of copeptin in predicting COVID‐19 pneumonia. The study consists of 98 patients with COVID‐19 and 44 patients with CAP. The basic demographic and clinical data of all patients were recorded, and blood samples were collected. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured to evaluate the discriminative ability. Serum copeptin levels were significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients compared to CAP patients (10.2 ± 4.4 ng/ml and 7.1 ± 3.1 ng/ml; p < .001). Serum copeptin levels were positively correlated with leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet count (r = −.21, p = .012; r = −.21, p = .013; r = −.20, p = .018; respectively). The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that increased copeptin (odds ratio [OR] = 1.183, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.033–1.354; p = .015) and CK‐MB (OR = 1.052, 95% CI, 1.013–1.092; p = .008) levels and decreased leukocyte count (OR = 0.829, 95% CI, 0.730–0.940; p = .004) were independent predictors of COVID‐19 pneumonia. A cut‐off value of 6.83 ng/ml for copeptin predicted COVID‐19 with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 73% (AUC: 0.764% 95 Cl: 0.671–0.856, p < .001). Copeptin could be a promising and useful biomarker to be used to distinguish COVID‐19 patients from CAP patients.
Cation Effect on the Binary and Ternary Phase Behaviors of Double‐Tailed Methanesulfonate Amphiphiles
Authors: Ontiveros Jesús F. , Hong Bing , Aramaki Kenji , Pierlot Christel , Aubry Jean‐Marie , Nardello‐Rataj Véronique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA series of symmetrical dialkyl methanesulfonate amphiphiles [DiCnCHSO3]mM (n = 6, 7, 8) with different counter cations (Mm+ = H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sc3+) were synthesized in five steps. Their solubility and critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water were determined highlighting a huge effect of the chain length and the nature of the cation. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of the surfactants were assessed with the phase inversion temperature (PIT)‐slope method based on the deviation from the PIT of the reference C10E4/n‐octane/0.01 M NaCl(aq) emulsion through addition of increasing amounts of the dialkyl methanesulfonates. The hydrophilicity of the surfactants was thus ranked in terms of dPIT/dxsulfonate. A “cation” scan with the [DiC6CHSO3]mM/benzene/water systems at fw = 0.5 was finally performed confirming the hydrophilicity ranking obtained with the PIT‐slope method. It revealed that the [DiC6CHSO3]2Mg behaves as a “Balanced Surfactant” able to form spontaneously a three‐phase microemulsion system (Winsor III) just in the presence of water and oil, in the same way as the catalytic surfactant dimethyldioctylammonium molybdate, which has the same PIT‐slope.
Surgical treatment of primary mobile spine chordoma
Authors: Kolz Joshua M. , Wellings Elizabeth P. , Houdek Matthew T. , Clarke Michelle J. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Rose Peter S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesChordomas of the mobile spine (C1–L5) are rare malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to review the outcome of surgical treatment for patients with primary mobile spine chordomas.MethodsThe oncologic outcomes and survival of 26 patients undergoing surgical resection for a primary mobile spine chordoma were assessed over a 25‐year period. The mean follow‐up was 12 ± 6 years.ResultsThe 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year disease‐free survivals were 95%, 61%, and 55%. The local recurrence‐free survival was improved in patients receiving en bloc resection with negative margins (83% vs. 35%, p = 0.02) and similar in patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy (43% vs. 45%, p = 0.30) at 10 years. Debulking of the tumor (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.41, p = 0.01) and a local recurrence (HR = 9.52, p = 0.005) were associated with death due to disease. Complications occurred in 19 (73%) patients, leading to reoperation in 9 (35%) patients; this rate was similar in intralesional and en bloc procedures.ConclusionSurgical resection of mobile spine chordomas is associated with a high rate of complications; however, en bloc resection can provide a hope for cure and appears to confer better oncologic outcomes for these tumors without an increase in complications compared to lesser resections.
How Size and Condition Influence Survival and Cause‐Specific Mortality of Female Elk
Authors: Sergeyev Maksim , McMillan Brock R. , Hersey Kent R. , Larsen Randy T. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe size of animal populations fluctuates with number of births, rate of immigration, rate of emigration, and number of deaths. For many ungulate populations, adult female survival is the most important factor influencing population growth. Therefore, increased understanding of survival and causes of mortality for adult females is fundamental for conservation and management. The objectives of our study were to quantify survival rates of female elk (Cervus canadensis) and determine cause‐specific mortality. We predicted that hunter harvest would be the leading cause of mortality. Further, we predicted that hunters would harvest animals that were in prime age (2–9 yr) and in better condition than elk predated by mountain lions (Puma concolor). From 2015 to 2017, we captured 376 female elk in central Utah, USA. We assessed body size and condition of captured elk, fitted each animal with a global positioning system‐collar, and determined cause of death when we received mortality signals. We estimated survival using Kaplan‐Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard models within an Akaike's Information Criterion model selection framework to identify covariates that influenced survival. We analyzed differences in size and condition measurements between harvested elk and predated elk using analysis of variance tests. Our best model indicated consistent survival across years; mean survival was 78.3 ± 3.5% (SE) including hunter harvest and 95.5 ± 1.7% without hunter harvest. In decreasing order of importance, elk mortality occurred from hunter harvest (21.2%), mountain lion predation (3.7%), depredation removal (0.5%), automobile collision (0.3%), disease (0.3%), complications during calving (0.3%), and those characterized as undetermined (1.3%). Neck circumference and body length were negatively associated with survival, suggesting that larger animals in good condition had lower survival as a result of hunter harvest. Individuals that died because of cougar predation were smaller and had less loin muscle than the average animal. Hunters removed large, healthy, prime‐aged females, individuals that likely have a greater effect on population growth than elk lost to other predators. If the proportion of larger, healthy females in the population begins to decline, hunting practices may require adjustment because hunters may be removing individuals with the greatest reproductive value. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Histological Characteristics of Skin Treated With a Fractionated 1064‐nm Nd: YAG Picosecond Laser With Holographic Optics
Authors: Zhang Mengli , Guan Yang , Huang Yuqing , Zhang Erjia , Lin Tong , Wu Qiuju 
Published: February 2021

Background and ObjectivesPicosecond lasers (PSL) constitute a significant technological advancement and exert rejuvenating effects upon the skin. This study was conducted to investigate changes in the skin upon treatment with the fractionated 1064‐nm Nd: YAG PSL through in vivo and ex vivo human histological analysis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn vivo back skin specimens were treated with a fractionated 1064‐nm PSL at 1.3, 2.1, and 2.9 mJ fluence for two passes, and 2.9 mJ for 10 passes, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Ex vivo foreskin specimens after circumcision surgery were treated with a PSL at 1.3, 2.1, and 2.9 mJ fluence for two and 10 passes, followed by H&E staining. Ex vivo skin tissue sections treated with a PSL at 2.9 mJ fluence for 10 passes were also immunostained for Melan‐A and CD31.ResultsIntraepidermal vacuoles were observed, along with pigment accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the vacuoles at 24 hours after PSL treatment in the in vivo skin specimens. The vacuoles expanded as the fluence increased. Numerous intraepidermal vacuoles were observed, with dermal hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration upon high‐fluence, multi‐pass PSL treatment in the in vivo skin specimens. PSL treatment yielded both epidermal and dermal vacuoles in ex vivo skin specimens. Melan‐A‐positive cells were seen in the cystic wall of vacuoles in the epidermal basal layer, whereas CD31‐positive cells were detected in the cystic wall of some dermal vacuoles.ConclusionsThe fractionated 1064‐nm PSL produced epidermal vacuoles and dermal lesions, with histological differences between the in vivo and ex vivo skin specimens. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC