bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Dual Enrollment STEM Coursework in Increasing STEM Career Interest among American High School Students
Authors: Corin Elysa N. , Sonnert Gerhard , Sadler Philip M. 
Published: November 2021

Background/Context The United States is facing a shortage of domestically prepared STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) professionals, yet many high school graduates find they are not sufficiently prepared for college-level work in STEM subjects. Dual enrollment STEM courses count for both high school and college credit, expose students to the demands of a college course, and may be used to augment existing high school course offerings and graduate students who are better prepared to continue, and are interested in continuing, their education in STEM. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study investigated changes in students’ reported interest in STEM careers after taking a dual enrollment STEM course. We address the following questions: (1) Are high school students who take one or more STEM dual enrollment courses more likely than their peers to report an interest in STEM careers by the end of high school? (2) Is dual enrollment STEM course-taking more effective than Advanced Placement STEM course-taking in increasing student interest in STEM careers by the end of high school? Research Design A quasi-experimental research design was used in this work, with propensity weights employed to account for group self-selection effects post hoc. Data were collected through a national survey of college students (N = 14,114) who provided information about their K–12 experiences. Findings/Results After controlling for demographic, academic, and background characteristics, particularly prior interest in a STEM career, the odds of a STEM career intention were 1.3 times (p < .05) greater for those taking a dual enrollment course compared with peers who did not. Students who took both dual enrollment and AP STEM courses had 2.1 times the odds of their nonparticipating peers to report an interest in STEM careers. Results show that the STEM dual enrollment intervention is equally effective for students of all demographic backgrounds. Conclusions/Recommendations This study is the first to examine the link between dual enrollment and career interest, revealing an additional avenue through which students may be encouraged to pursue STEM careers. Dual enrollment is a promising intervention to increase STEM career interest among all high school students, including students of different genders, races, socioeconomic status (as measured by highest parental education level), and academic achievement (as measured by math SAT score). The policy implications for this work are that dual enrollment programs should be vigorously implemented and promoted in an effort to increase the number of students, especially students from underrepresented groups, who graduate from high school with an interest in a STEM career.
The Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Dynamics of Public School District Secession, 1995–2015
Authors: Richards Meredith P. 
Published: November 2021

Background Scholars have increasingly expressed concern about a new secessionist movement, grounded in a doctrine of localism and facilitated by permissive state policies regarding the formation of new school districts. Critics contend that school district secessions threaten to exacerbate patterns of segregation and inequality in schools. Although case studies have provided valuable detail on the processes and racial/ethnic dynamics of secession in high-profile secessions in the South, no extant work has examined secessions nationally. Objective In this study, I provide initial quantitative evidence on the prevalence and impact of public school district secessions in a national context. I make three key contributions. First, I identify districts that seceded over the past two decades, relating patterns of secession to state policies. Second, I document racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences between seceding districts and the districts they left behind, focusing on the differential dynamics of secession in the South. Finally, I examine the impact of secession on the level and geographic distribution of segregation across and between districts. Research Design I use geospatial techniques to identify 54 public school district secessions that occurred between 1995–96 and 2015–16, using school district boundaries as reported by the Census Bureau via the School District Review Program. I compare seceding districts to the original district from which they seceded in terms of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic characteristics. I estimate the impact of secession on segregation via interrupted time series models using annual measures of segregation calculated from the National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data. Findings Since 1995, dozens of districts across the country have successfully seceded. Troublingly, secessions generally serve to worsen racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequities: Seceding districts were smaller, Whiter, and more affluent on average than the districts from which they seceded. Secessions were also associated with significant increases in segregation after adjusting for prior segregation trends. Secessions in the South were particularly racialized in nature. Southern secessions tended to worsen already severe levels of Black–White segregation. Conclusions School district secessions constitute an increasingly popular and controversial mechanism of school district reorganization. Results suggest that district secessions, often framed in a race-neutral language of localism, serve to worsen inequalities by race and class. However, only a handful of secessions occurred in states that require analysis of the racial/ethnic and/or socioeconomic impacts, suggesting that policies may be effective in curtailing such practices.
Predictive Effect of Well-Known Risk Factors and Foot-Core Training in Lower Limb Running-Related Injuries in Recreational Runners: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Suda Eneida Yuri , Watari Ricky , Matias Alessandra B. , Taddei Ulisses T. , Sacco Isabel C.N. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Running carries the risk of several types of running-related injuries (RRIs), especially in the lower limbs. The variety of risk factors and the lack of strong evidence for several of these injury risks hinder the ability to draw assertive conclusions about them, hampering the implementation of effective preventive strategies. Because the etiology of RRIs seems to be multifactorial, the presence of RRI risk factors might influence the outcome of therapeutic strategies in different ways. Thus, further investigations on how risk and protective factors influence the incidence and prevention of RRIs should be conducted. Purpose: To investigate the predictive effect of well-known risk factors and 1 protective factor—foot-core training—on the incidence of lower limb RRIs in recreational runners. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Middle- and long-distance recreational runners (N = 118) were assessed at baseline and randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n = 57) or a control group (n = 61). The intervention group underwent an 8-week (3 times/wk) foot-core training program. Participants were followed for a year after baseline assessment for the occurrence of RRIs. Logistic regression with backward elimination of variables was used to develop a model for prediction of RRI in recreational runners. Candidate predictor variables included age, sex, body mass index, years of running practice, number of races, training volume, training frequency, previous RRI, and the foot-core exercise training. Results: The final logistic regression model included 3 variables. As previously shown, the foot-core exercise program is a protective factor for RRIs (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.15-0.98). In addition, older age (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00-1.14) and higher training volume (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03) were risk factors for RRIs. Conclusion: The foot-core training was identified as a protective effect against lower limb RRI, which can be negatively influenced by older age and higher weekly training volume. The predictive model showed that RRIs should be considered a multivariate entity owing to the interaction among several factors. Registration: NCT02306148 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Nomograms Based on the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index for the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease and Calcification
Authors: Fan Wenjun , Zhang Ying , Liu Yixiang , Ding Zhenjiang , Si Yueqiao , Shi Fei , Liu Jingyi , Sun Lixian 
Published: November 2021

Aim To develop and validate 3 nomograms incorporating the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) that can aid in predicting the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods The study enrolled 562 consecutive patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography between September 2015 and June 2017. Independent risk factors for CAD, CAC, and CAD with CAC were identified via univariate and multivariate analysis, and nomograms were established based on the independent predictors identified. The area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the nomograms. Correlations between ALI and other clinical indicators were examined via Spearman correlation analysis. Results In total, 549 patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography were included. Male sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, ischemic stroke, and ALI were independent predictors of both CAD and CAC. Male sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and ALI were also identified as independent predictors of CAD with CAC. The AUC values for the nomograms developed using these risk factors were 0.739 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.693-0.785), 0.728 (95% CI, 0.684-0.772), and 0.717 (95% CI 0.673-0.761), respectively. ALI was negatively correlated with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and CAC score and positively correlated with serum albumin levels and body mass index (all P < .05). Conclusions ALI is an independent predictor of CAD, CAC, and CAD with CAC. Our ALI-based nomograms can provide accurate and individualized risk predictions for patients with suspected CAD.
Prevalence of ADHD in Primary School Children, in Colombo District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Nazeer Nazneen , Rohanachandra Yasodha , Prathapan Shamini 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,125 primary school children aged 6 to 10 years in Sinhala medium state schools in Colombo district. Prevalence was assessed with validated Sinhala version of Swanson, Nolan, Pelham—IV (SNAP-IV-S) scale where primary care givers and class teachers were the respondents and diagnosis was confirmed by a Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist. Results: The mean age of the sample was 7.9 years ( SD = 1.2) and largely males ( n = 603, 56.6%). Overall prevalence of ADHD was 6.5% (95% CI [5.1, 8.1]) with combined as the commonest subtype. Prevalence was higher among males (9.6%) than females (2.9%) with a sex ratio of 1:3.8 and was highest in the 7 to 8 year old age group (7.4%–7.5%). Conclusion: School based screening enabling early detection of ADHD and timely referral is the need of the hour.
The walls of the femoral neck as an auxiliary tool for femoral stem positioning
Authors: Morgan Samuel , Sadovnic Ofer , Iluz Moshe , Garceau Simon , Amzallag Nisan , Krasin Elisha , Lichtenstein Adi , Warschawski Yaniv 
Published: November 2021

Background: Femoral anteversion is a major contributor to functionality of the hip joint and is implicated in many joint pathologies. Accurate determination of component version intraoperatively is a technically challenging process that relies on the visual estimation of the surgeon. The following study aimed to examine whether the walls of the femoral neck can be used as appropriate landmarks to ensure appropriate femoral prosthesis version intraoperatively. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study based on 32 patients (64 hips) admitted to our centre between July and September 2020 who had undergone a CT scan of their lower limbs. Through radiological imaging analysis, the following measurements were performed bilaterally for each patient: anterior wall version, posterior wall version, and mid-neck femoral version. Anterior and posterior wall version were compared and evaluated relative to mid-neck version, which represented the true version value. Results: Mean anterior wall anteversion was 20° (95% CI, 17.6–22.8°) and mean posterior wall anteversion was −12° (95% CI, −15 to −9.7°). The anterior walls of the femoral neck had a constant of −7 and a coefficient of 0.9 (95% CI, −9.8 to −4.2; p  < 0.0001; R2 0.77). The posterior walls of the femoral neck had a constant of 20 and a coefficient of 0.7 (95% CI, 17.8–22.5; p  < 0.0001; R2 0.60). Conclusions: Surgeons can accurately obtain femoral anteversion by subtracting 7° from the angle taken between the anterior wall and the posterior femoral condyles or by adding 20° to the angle taken between the posterior wall and the posterior femoral condyles.
Depression readmission risk is elevated in multiple sclerosis compared to other chronic illnesses
Authors: Schorr Emily M , Kurz Daniel , Rossi Kyle C , Zhang Margaret , Yeshokumar Anusha K , Jette Nathalie , Dhamoon Mandip S 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Assess readmissions for depression or suicide attempt (SA) after MS admission versus other chronic inflammatory illnesses. Methods: This retrospective cohort study identified MS, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), depression, and SA in the 2013 National Readmissions Database by International Classification of Diseases codes. Index admissions (MS, n = 7698; asthma, n = 93,590; RA, n = 3685) and depression or SA readmission rates were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) estimated 1-year depression/SA readmission hazard, comparing MS to asthma or RA, adjusting for age, sex, psychiatric comorbidity, substance abuse, tobacco use, income, and index hospitalization characteristics. Results: MS had more baseline depression (24.7%) versus asthma (15.6%) and RA (14.6%). Ninety-day depression readmission rate was higher in MS (0.5%) than asthma (0.3%) and RA (0.03%). Depression readmission HR was higher after MS admission versus asthma (HR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00–1.86, p = 0.0485) and RA (HR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.60–13.62, p = 0.0047). HR was not different for SA readmission across groups. Depression readmission HR was more than double in MS patients with psychiatric disease or substance abuse versus RA or asthma patients with either comorbidity. Conclusion: Depression readmission risk after MS hospitalization was elevated versus asthma/RA. Substance use and baseline psychiatric comorbidity were more strongly associated with depression readmission in MS patients.
Determination of MYD88L265P mutation fraction in IgM monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Bagratuni Tina , Markou Athina , Patseas Dimitrios , Mavrianou-Koutsoukou Nefeli , Aktypi Foteini , Liacos Christine Ivy , Sklirou Aimilia D. , Theodorakakou Foteini , Ntanasis-Stathopoulos Ioannis , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Trougakos Ioannis P. , Lianidou Evi , Terpos Evangelos , Kastritis Efstathios , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We describe a novel method for the detection of MYD88L265P mutation using a competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (Cast-PCR) assay. This assay has a sensitivity of 1 × 10−3, is applicable in reactions containing very low amounts of DNA (as low as 20 pg), and allowed the detection of MYD88L265P somatic mutation in both tumor-derived DNA (tDNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). In addition, using the Cast-PCR assay, we were able to determine the mutation allele fraction (MAF) in each tested sample. We then analyzed baseline tDNA and cfDNA samples from 163 patients (53 with immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and 110 with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia [WM], of whom 54 were asymptomatic and 56 were symptomatic) and also in sequential samples of 37 patients. MAF in both cfDNA and tDNA was higher among patients with symptomatic compared with asymptomatic WM and in those with asymptomatic WM compared with those with immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. In addition, the evaluation of sequential samples showed that MAF decreased after treatment, whereas it increased in patients who relapsed or progressed to symptomatic WM. Thus, Cast-PCR is a highly sensitive, cost-effective diagnostic tool for MYD88L265P detection, applicable in both tDNA and cfDNA samples, that also provides a quantitative evaluation of the tumor load in patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathies.
Antithymocyte globulin exposure in CD34+ T-cell–depleted allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Lakkaraja Madhavi , Scordo Michael , Mauguen Audrey , Cho Christina , Devlin Sean , Ruiz Josel D. , Klein Elizabeth , Avecilla Scott T. , Boulad Farid , Cancio Maria I. , Curran Kevin J. , Jakubowski Ann A. , Kernan Nancy A. , Kung Andrew L. , O’Reilly Richard J. , Papadopoulos Esperanza B. , Prockop Susan , van Roessel Ichelle , Scaradavou Andromachi , Shaffer Brian C. , Shah Gunjan , Spitzer Barbara , Tamari Roni , Giralt Sergio A. , Perales Miguel-Angel , Boelens Jaap Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Traditional weight-based dosing results in variable rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) clearance that can delay CD4+ T-cell immune reconstitution (CD4+ IR) leading to higher mortality. In a retrospective pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of patients undergoing their first CD34+ T-cell–depleted (TCD) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after myeloablative conditioning with rATG, we estimated post-HCT rATG exposure as area under the curve (arbitrary unit per day/milliliter [AU × day/mL]) using a validated population PK model. We related rATG exposure to nonrelapse mortality (NRM), CD4+ IR (CD4+ ≥50 cells per µL at 2 consecutive measures within 100 days after HCT), overall survival, relapse, and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) to define an optimal rATG exposure. We used Cox proportional hazard models and multistate competing risk models for analysis. In all, 554 patients were included (age range, 0.1-73 years). Median post-HCT rATG exposure was 47 AU × day/mL (range, 0-101 AU × day/mL). Low post-HCT area under the curve (&lt;30 AU × day/mL) was associated with lower risk of NRM (P &lt; .01) and higher probability of achieving CD4+ IR (P &lt; .001). Patients who attained CD4+ IR had a sevenfold lower 5-year NRM (P &lt; .0001). The probability of achieving CD4+ IR was 2.5-fold higher in the &lt;30 AU × day/mL group compared with 30-55 AU × day/mL and threefold higher in the &lt;30 AU × day/mL group compared with the ≥55 AU × day/mL group. In multivariable analyses, post-HCT rATG exposure ≥55 AU × day/mL was associated with an increased risk of NRM (hazard ratio, 3.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-9.30). In the malignancy subgroup (n = 515), a tenfold increased NRM was observed in the ≥55 AU × day/mL group, and a sevenfold increased NRM was observed in the 30-55 AU × day/mL group compared with the &lt;30 AU × day/mL group. Post-HCT rATG exposure ≥55 AU × day/mL was associated with higher risk of a GVHD (hazard ratio, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.16). High post-HCT rATG exposure is associated with higher NRM secondary to poor CD4+ IR after TCD HCT. Using personalized PK-directed rATG dosing to achieve optimal exposure may improve survival after HCT.
Cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Akahoshi Yu , Kimura Shun-ichi , Tada Yuma , Matsukawa Toshihiro , Tamaki Masaharu , Doki Noriko , Uchida Naoyuki , Tanaka Masatsugu , Nakamae Hirohisa , Kuriyama Takuro , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Ikeda Takashi , Kimura Takafumi , Fukuda Takahiro , Kanda Yoshinobu , Atsuta Yoshiko , Murata Makoto , Terakura Seitaro , Nakasone Hideki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A preemptive strategy has successfully decreased cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, some recipients still develop CMV gastroenteritis, especially after acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and its incidence, risk factors, and prognostic impact remain to be elucidated. We retrospectively analyzed 3759 consecutive adult patients who developed grade II-IV aGVHD using a Japanese registry database. The cumulative incidence of CMV gastroenteritis was 5.7% by day 365 from the development of grade II-IV aGVHD. Advanced age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-2.22; P = .004), GVHD prophylaxis with mycophenolate mofetil and calcineurin inhibitor (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.08-2.77; P = .024), lower-gut aGVHD (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.58-2.98; P &lt; .001), and the use of systemic steroids (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.16-2.74; P = .008) were independent risk factors for CMV gastroenteritis. Development of CMV gastroenteritis was associated with an increased risk of nonrelapse mortality (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.50-2.39; P &lt; .001). Moreover, letermovir prophylaxis significantly reduced both the incidence of CMV gastroenteritis (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25-0.99; P = .047) and the risk of nonrelapse mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-0.99; P = .043). In summary, CMV gastroenteritis is a life-threatening complication that sets the need for preventive strategies with letermovir and targeted surveillance.
Feasibility of high-dose methotrexate administered on day 1 of (R)CHOP in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Fleming Megan , Huang Ying , Dotson Emily , Bond David A. , Reneau John , Epperla Narendranath , Alinari Lapo , Brammer Jonathan , Christian Beth A. , Baiocchi Robert A. , Maddocks Kami , Sawalha Yazeed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe optimal timing for administering high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) when combined with (R)CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, with/without rituximab) is unclear. Recent data showed that the administration of prophylactic HDMTX before day 10 of R- CHOP may lead to fewer treatment delays. Herein, we report our experience with HDMTX administered on day 1 of (R)CHOP in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We identified 140 patients treated with ≥1 cycle of HDMTX combined with (R)CHOP for prophylaxis against (n = 84) or treatment of (n = 56) central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Overall, (R)CHOP treatment delays ≥7 days (4% of cycles, 13% of patients), doxorubicin, and/or cyclophosphamide dose reductions (1% of cycles, 6% of patients) or (R)CHOP discontinuations due to toxicity (4% of patients) were uncommon. Neutropenic fever (NF) occurred in 7% of cycles and 24% of patients and was more common during HDMTX-containing cycles. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 19% of cycles but was mostly grade ≤2. Grade ≥3 hepatotoxicity and mucositis were uncommon (each 2% of cycles). In the prophylaxis cohort, the rates of NF and grade ≥2 AKI were lower in patients who initiated HDMTX with cycle 2 or later (11% vs 30%, P = .03 and 16% vs 39%, P = .03, respectively). Our data show that HDMTX administration on day 1 of (R)CHOP may improve the deliverability of (R)CHOP and the overall safety of the regimen compared with historical data of HDMTX administration on day 10 or later of R-CHOP. Delaying prophylactic HDMTX beyond cycle 1 of (R)CHOP may reduce the risk of NF and AKI.