bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive Artistic Multi-style Transfer
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Lyu Yiran , Huang Junfeng , Wang Ziying , Qin Jingyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArtistic style transfer is to render an image in the style of another image, which is a challenge problem in both image processing and arts. Deep neural networks are adopted to artistic style transfer and achieve remarkable success, such as AdaIN (adaptive instance normalization), WCT (whitening and coloring transforms), MST (multimodal style transfer), and SEMST (structure-emphasized multimodal style transfer). These algorithms modify the content image as a whole using only one style and one algorithm, which is easy to cause the foreground and background to be blurred together. In this paper, an iterative artistic multi-style transfer system is built to edit the image with multiple styles by flexible user interaction. First, a subjective evaluation experiment with art professionals is conducted to build an open evaluation framework for style transfer, including the universal evaluation questions and personalized answers for ten typical artistic styles. Then, we propose the interactive artistic multi-style transfer system, in which an interactive image crop tool is designed to cut a content image into several parts. For each part, users select a style image and an algorithm from AdaIN, WCT, MST, and SEMST by referring to the characteristics of styles and algorithms summarized by the evaluation experiments. To obtain richer results, the system provides a semantic-based parameter adjustment mode and the function of preserving colors of content image. Finally, case studies show the effectiveness and flexibility of the system.
Multi-experts Joint Decision with Adaptive Model Updater for Robust Visual Tracking
Authors: Li Da , Zou Qixiang , Zhang Ke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver these years, correlation filters based trackers have shown edges both in accuracy and speed. However, variations of target appearance caused by heavy occlusion, rotation, background clutters and target deformations are the major challenges for tracking. To solve these problems, many works put on exploiting the power of target representation, such as high-level convolutional features. Nonetheless, these methods make a great compromise between the speed and performance. At the same time, there are few researches on improving the performance of model updater and the ensemble methods. In this paper, a multi-experts joint decision strategy base on kernelized correlation filters is proposed to obtain robust and accurate visual tracking, two trackers with handcrafted features and deep convolutional neural network features are integrated in this framework. We also investigate the mechanism of tracking failure caused by occlusion and background clutters, and propose a novel criterion to evaluate the reliability of samples. Our work includes extending the kernelized correlation filter-based tracker with the capability of handling scale changes as well. The proposed tracker is extensively evaluated on the OTB-2013, OTB-2015 and VOT2015 benchmark datasets. Compared with the state-of-the-art trackers, the distinguished experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
New Concepts of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Trees with Applications
Authors: Rao Yongsheng , Kosari Saeed , Shao Zehui , Talebi A. A. , Mahdavi A. , Rashmanlou Hossein 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is known that Intuitionistic fuzzy models give more precision, flexibility and compatibility to the system as compared to the classic and fuzzy models. Intuitionistic fuzzy tree has an important role in neural networks, computer networks, and clustering. In the design of a network, it is important to analyze connections between the levels. In addition, the intuitionistic fuzzy tree is becoming increasingly significant as it is applied to different areas in real life. The study proposes the novel concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy graph (IFG) and some basic definitions. We investigate the types of arcs, for example,$$\alpha _{\mu }$$αμ-strong,$$\beta _{\mu }$$βμ-strong, and$$\delta _{\mu }$$δμ-arc in an intuitionistic fuzzy graph, and introduce some of their properties. In particular, the present work develops the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy bridge (IFB), intuitionistic fuzzy cut nodes (IFCN) and some important properties of an intuitionistic fuzzy bridge. Next, we define an intuitionistic fuzzy cycle (IFC) and an intuitionistic fuzzy tree (IFT). Likewise, we discuss some properties of the IFT and the relationship between an intuitionistic fuzzy tree and an intuitionistic fuzzy cycle. Finally, an application of intuitionistic fuzzy tree is illustrated in other sciences.
On Neutrosophic Quadruple Groups
Authors: Smarandache F. , Rezaei A. , Agboola A. A. A. , Jun Y. B. , Borzooei R. A. , Davvaz B. , Borumand Saeid Arsham , Akram M. , Hamidi M. , Mirvakili S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs generalizations and alternatives of classical algebraic structures there have been introduced in 2019 the NeutroAlgebraic structures (or NeutroAlgebras) and AntiAlgebraic structures (or AntiAlgebras). Unlike the classical algebraic structures, where all operations are well defined and all axioms are totally true, in NeutroAlgebras and AntiAlgebras, the operations may be partially well defined and the axioms partially true or, respectively, totally outer-defined and the axioms totally false. These NeutroAlgebras and AntiAlgebras form a new field of research, which is inspired from our real world. In this paper, we study neutrosophic quadruple algebraic structures and NeutroQuadrupleAlgebraicStructures. NeutroQuadrupleGroup is studied in particular and several examples are provided. It is shown that $$(NQ({\mathbb {Z}}),\div )$$

(
N
Q
(
Z
)
,
÷
)

is a NeutroQuadrupleGroup. Substructures of NeutroQuadrupleGroups are also presented with examples.
An Improved Lightning Search Algorithm Employed Performance Enhancement in Distribution System
Authors: Isha G. , Jagatheeswari P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe proposed research work minimizes the power loss in distribution system under load conditions which is the major issue nowadays that has been reduced to reach the maximum possible power for satisfying the customer needs. Optimal siting of Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) and Photo-Voltaic (PV) array in distribution system is used to attain voltage profile improvement, reduced voltage instability and less power loss. For this, Improved Lightning Search Algorithm (ILSA) has been proposed to accomplish the objectives. The proposed ILSA has reached the Voltage Stability Index (VSI) value as 0.9877 and it outstandingly decreased the power loss to 55.92 kW which are validated with IEEE 30-bus system using MATLAB toolbox. The obtained results are compared with the existing optimization algorithms and it depicts that the proposed ILSA is more advantageous than other optimization algorithms.
Epidemiological Characteristics of 69,382 COVID-19 Patients in Oman
Authors: Al Awaidy Salah T. , Khamis Faryal , Al Rashidi Badria , Al Wahaibi Ahmed H. , Albahri Abdulrahim , Mahomed Ozayr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To describe the epidemiological characteristics of the first 69,382 patients with COVID-19 infection in Oman.

Methods
A retrospective case series study of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Oman from 24 February to 23 July 2020. The data were obtained from the National surveillance COVID-19 network.

Results
The overall mean age of patients was 34 (± 14) years, 74% (n = 51,391) were males, 40,859 (59%) were Omani citizens, and 28,523 (41%) were foreign-born individuals. The most common symptoms at presentation were fever 50% (n = 34,600), cough 46% (n = 32,062), sore throat 46% (n = 31,953) and shortness of breath (SOB) 35% (n = 24,567). Overall, 8,960 (12.9%) patients required hospitalization with 1189 (13.3%) individuals requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation (MV). Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection were mostly Omani nationals and males between 30 and 39 years old (p < 0.001). The mortality rate was 7.7 per 100,000 population (n = 359) with rates of 9.4 (n = 278) and 4.8 (n = 81) deaths per 100,000 population in Omani nationals and foreign-born individuals, respectively. Females hospitalized with COVID-19 had a mean age of 64 (± 18) years versus a mean age of 55 (± 17) years in males. Mean age of patients with COVID-19-related mortality was 58 (± 18) years with significant differences in mean age between females and males 64 (± 18) versus 55 (± 17) years, respectively.

Conclusions
Young Omani males accounted for the highest incidence of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, while mortality rates were higher among males and the older age (> 50 years). Identifying the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19-infected patients is essential for developing targeted intervention strategies and preparing for the resurgence of anticipated second and third waves of this pandemic.
Prevalence and Socioeconomic Factors of Diabetes and High Blood Pressure Among Women in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yaya Sanni , El-Khatib Ziad , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Budu Eugene , Bishwajit Ghose 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The emerging burden of high blood pressure (HBP) and diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa will create new challenges to health systems in African countries. There is a scarcity of studies that have reported associations of diabetes and HBP with socioeconomic factors on women within the population. We assessed the prevalence and socioeconomic factors of diabetes and high blood pressure among women in Kenya.

Methods
We analysed cross-sectional data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Subjects were women aged 15–49 years. Self-reported status of HBP and diabetes was used to measure the prevalences. The association between educational and wealth index with HBP and diabetes was assessed by multivariable binary logistic regression.

Results
The prevalences of self-reported HBP and diabetes were 9.4% and 1.3%, respectively. Women with secondary [aOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.15–2.02] and primary [aOR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.15–1.92] levels of education were more likely to report having HBP, compared to those with no formal education. However, there was no significant association between educational level and self-reported diabetes. In terms of wealth quintile, we found that women with higher wealth quintile were more likely to report having HBP and diabetes compared to those with poorest wealth quintile. Specifically, the highest odds of self-reported HBP was found among women with richest wealth quintile compared to those with poorest wealth quintile [aOR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.71–2.88]. Also, women with poorer wealth quintile were more likely to have self-reported diabetes compared to those with poorest wealth quintile [aOR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.08–2.38].

Conclusion
The prevalence of HBP and diabetes was low among women in Kenya. Household wealth status was associated with HBP and diabetes. No causation can be inferred from the data; hence, longitudinal studies focusing on health-related behaviour associated with NCDs are recommended. Proper dissemination of health information regarding the risk factors for HBP and diabetes may prove to be beneficial for NCD prevention programmes.
Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Baynouna AlKetbi Latifa Mohammad , Nagelkerke Nico , Abdelbaqi Hanan , ALBlooshi Fatima , AlSaedi Mariam , Almansoori Shamsa , AlNuaimi Ruqaya , AlKhoori Amal , AlAryani Aysha , AlShamsi Mariam , Kayani Fatima , Alblooshi Noura , AlKhajeh Shamma , AlFalahi Jehan , AlAmeri Sumaya , AlDhahei Saeed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Prediction models are essential for informing screening, assessing prognosis, and examining options for treatment. This study aimed to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity in the Abu Dhabi population.

Methods
This is a mixed retrospective cohort study and case–control study to explore the associated factors of receiving treatment in the community, being hospitalized, or requiring complex hospital care among patients with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Of 641 patients included, 266 were hospitalized; 135 were hospitalized and either died or required complex care, i.e., required ICU admission, intubation, or oxygen and 131 did not develop severe disease requiring complex care. The third group (“controls”) were 375 patients who were not hospitalized. Logistic regression analyses were used to study predictors of disease severity.

Results
Among hospitalized patients older age and low oxygen saturation at admission were the consistent and strongest predictors of an adverse outcome. Risk factors for the death in addition to age and low oxygen saturation were elevated white blood count and low reported physical activity. Chronic kidney disease and diabetes were also associated with more severe disease in logistic regression. The mortality rate among those with less than 30 min per week of physical activity was 4.9%, while the mortality rate was 0.35% for those with physical activity > 30 min at least once a week. The interval from the onset of symptoms to admission and mortality was found to have a significant inverse relationship, with worse survival for shorter intervals.

Conclusion
Oxygen saturation is an important measure that should be introduced at screening sites and used in the risk assessment of patients with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, an older age was a consistent factor in all adverse outcomes, and other factors, such as low physical activity, elevated WBC, CKD, and DM, were also identified as risk factors.
Epidemiokinetic Tools to Monitor Lockdown Efficacy and Estimate the Duration Adequate to Control SARS-CoV-2 Spread
Authors: Mégarbane Bruno , Bourasset Fanchon , Scherrmann Jean-Michel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVarious key performance indicators (KPIs) are communicated daily to the public by health authorities since the COVID-19 pandemic has started. “Upstream” KPIs mainly include the incidence of detected Sars-CoV-2-positive cases in the population, and “downstream” KPIs include daily hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions and fatalities. Whereas “downstream” KPIs are essential to evaluate and adapt hospital organization, “upstream” KPIs are the most appropriate to decide on the strength of restrictions such as lockdown set up and evaluate their effectiveness. Here, we suggested tools derived from pharmacokinetic calculations to improve understanding the epidemic progression. From the time course of the number of new cases of SARS-coV-2 infection in the population, it is possible to calculate the infection rate constant using a simple linear regression and determine its corresponding half-life. This epidemic regression half-life is helpful to measure the potential benefits of restriction measures and to estimate the adequate duration of lockdown if implemented by policymakers in relation to the decided public health objectives. In France, during the first lockdown, we reported an epidemic half-life of 10 days. Our tools allow clearly acknowledging that the zero-COVID target is difficult to reach after a period of lockdown as seven half-lives are required to clear 99.2% of the epidemic and more than 10 half-lives to almost reach the objective of eliminating 100% of the contaminations.
Age-Specific Etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections and Influenza Vaccine Effectivity in Prevention of Hospitalization in Russia, 2018–2019 Season
Authors: Sominina Anna , Danilenko Daria , Komissarov Andrey , Pisareva Maria , Musaeva Tamila , Bakaev Mikhail , Afanasieva Olga , Stolyarov Kirill , Smorodintseva Elizaveta , Rozhkova Elena , Obraztsova Elena , Dondurey Elena , Guzhov Dmitry , Timonina Veronica , Golovacheva Ekaterina , Kurskaya Olga , Shestopalov Alexander , Smirnova Svetlana , Alimov Alexander , Lioznov Dmitry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe expansion and standardization of clinical trials, as well as the use of sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics methods, provide new information on the age-specific roles of influenza and other respiratory viruses in development of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI). Here, we present the results of the multicenter hospital-based study aimed to detect age-specific impact of influenza and other respiratory viruses (ORV). The 2018–2019 influenza season in Russia was characterized by co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) virus subtypes which were detected among hospitalized patients with SARI in 19.3% and 16.4%, respectively. RSV dominated among ORV (15.1% of total cases and 26.8% in infants aged ≤ 2 years). The most significant SARI agents in intensive care units were RSV and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, (37.3% and 25.4%, respectively, of PCR-positive cases). Hyperthermia was the most frequently registered symptom for influenza cases. In contrast, hypoxia, decreased blood O2 concentration, and dyspnea were registered more often in RSV, rhinovirus, and metapneumovirus infection in young children. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalization of patients with PCR-confirmed influenza was evaluated using test-negative case–control design. IVE for children and adults was estimated to be 57.0% and 62.0%, respectively. Subtype specific IVE was higher against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, compared to influenza A(H3N2) (60.3% and 45.8%, respectively). This correlates with delayed antigenic drift of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and genetic heterogeneity of the influenza A(H3N2) population. These studies demonstrate the need to improve seasonal influenza prevention and control in all countries as states by the WHO Global Influenza Strategy for 2019–2030 initiative.
Understanding the Prevalence and Geographic Heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Findings of the First Serosurvey in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Namasivayam Vasanthakumar , Jain Amita , Agrawal Vikasendu , Prakash Ravi , Dehury Bidyadhar , Becker Marissa , Blanchard James , Isac Shajy , Prasad Amit Mohan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPopulation-based serological antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection helps in estimating the exposure in the community. We present the findings of the first district representative seroepidemiological survey conducted between 4 and 10 September 2020 among the population aged 5 years and above in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select participants from 495 primary sampling units (villages in rural areas and wards in urban areas) across 11 selected districts to provide district-level seroprevalence disaggregated by place of residence (rural/urban), age (5–17 years/aged 18 +) and gender. A venous blood sample was collected to determine seroprevalence. Of 16,012 individuals enrolled in the study, 22.2% [95% CI 21.5–22.9] equating to about 10.4 million population in 11 districts were already exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mid-September 2020. The overall seroprevalence was significantly higher in urban areas (30.6%, 95% CI 29.4–31.7) compared to rural areas (14.7%, 95% CI 13.9–15.6), and among aged 18 + years (23.2%, 95% CI 22.4–24.0) compared to aged 5–17 years (18.4%, 95% CI 17.0–19.9). No differences were observed by gender. Individuals exposed to a COVID confirmed case or residing in a COVID containment zone had higher seroprevalence (34.5% and 26.0%, respectively). There was also a wide variation (10.7–33.0%) in seropositivity across 11 districts indicating that population exposed to COVID was not uniform at the time of the study. Since about 78% of the population (36.5 million) in these districts were still susceptible to infection, public health measures remain essential to reduce further spread.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Perceived Stress Scale Measures
Authors: Alwaqdani Nuha , Amer Hala A. , Alwaqdani Reem , AlMansour Fahad , Alzoman Hind A. , Saadallah Amal , Alsuwaidan Salem , Soule Barbra M. , Memish Ziad A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been stressful and of considerable concern among health care workers (HCWs). Being particularly at increased risk for exposure, HCWs worry about becoming infected as well as infecting co-workers, patients and family members. Such distress and panic may have destructive effects on individuals and may last long after the pandemic situation leading to depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to measure and investigate the prevalence of the factors affecting psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCWs.

Methods
A self-administered online survey—including perceived stress scale (PSS) questions—was disseminated among HCWs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (SA) between1st June and 30th July 2020.

Results
A total of 469 HCWs responded to the survey for a high response rate (93.8%). The PSS revealed that 15.8% of the respondents were suffering from high stress levels, 77.2% were suffering from moderate stress levels and 7% with low stress levels. Females and junior frontline staff reported more severe stress levels. Participation on the pandemic team shows significant impact on stress levels.

Conclusion
COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels among HCWs and affects their psychological wellbeing. Designing programs promoting HCWs mental health are crucial and emotional and psychological support strategies should be part of every public health crisis management plan.
Conjunctival Lesions: A 5-Year Basic Demographic Data and Clinicopathological Review in a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital
Authors: Alkatan Hind M. , Alshomar Khalid M. , Helmi Hala A. , Alhothali Wajda M. , Alshalan Abdulaziz M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Conjunctival lesions are common with a wide spectrum of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Few histopathological studies have been conducted on conjunctival lesions with variable designs and results. Our aim in this study is to provide information on common conjunctival lesions seen in an ophthalmology tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A retrospective, observational study of all consecutive conjunctival tissue specimens sent for histopathological assessment to the pathology department from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed. Clinical data were collected from medical records, and the histopathological slides were reviewed by a single pathologist.

Results
A total of 110 conjunctival specimens from 108 patients were included (mean age: 53 years, 67 males and 43 females). Bilateral involvement was mostly found in inflammatory lesions (40%). Most lesions were benign (91%), with a significantly longer duration of symptoms in malignant lesions (p = 0.036*). The clinical diagnosis matched the final histopathological diagnosis in 75.5% of the total specimens. The most frequent category of benign lesions was fibrodegenerative and proliferative lesions (53.6%), with a significantly higher prevalence among adult males (p < 0.001). Melanocytic lesions were more common in children (33.3%) than adults (9.8%), and the mean age of children was significantly lower (p = 0.013). The most frequent malignant lesion was ocular surface squamous neoplasia (50%), with equal prevalence among males and females. The overall outcome was favorable in 89.4% and unfavorable in 10.6%, mostly due to surgical complications, further progression of the lesion, or recurrence.

Conclusion
This study shows variability in the frequency of conjunctival lesions based on gender, age, geographical, racial, and environmental factors. There has been a shift in the gender-based prevalence of ocular squamous neoplasia over the last three decades, probably due to a change in lifestyle.