bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Fatty Acid Composition by of Cooking Oils Blending of Different Plant Oils
Authors: Farag Rabie S. , Hashem Hanafy A. , Naser Abdelrahman , Mohamed Montaser A. 
Published: March 2021

Fats and oils are important carriers and protectors of liposoluble vitamins: A,D,E,K; Provitamins like carotenes & tocopherols and liposoluble nutraceutical products: Squalene, polyphenols, sterols etc. However, most of single oils do not have the correct balance to meet humans’ nutrition requirement. Some of the most well-known non healthier attributes of using single oils for cooking and other edible purpose are presence of an non balanced amount of Omega 6 (W6) or non-balanced amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) or Low content of omega 3 (W3), Excessive PUFA that affects the oil stability during drastic heat treatment in frying applications which yields an harmful oxidations products in oil. Also the UnbalancedW6/W3 content in cooking oil or foods containing fats and Unbalanced short-chain and long-chain FA etc. Unbalanced oil consumption regarding the omega 6: omega 3 ratio affects the health in many aspects as is proven by the scientific findings. Excessive omega 6 fatty acid in human diet promotes inflammation, reduce immunity, increases risk of heart diseases, risk of diabetes, allergy symptoms, hypertension risk, cancer risk, osteoporosis, depression risk and weaken memory.
In this study, different oils composites of vegetable oils were formulated from tropical oils and seed oils including palm oil fractions, Canola oil, corn, soybean oil, Sunflower seed oil, Olive oil, sesame oil, rice bran oils, cotton seed oil and MCT rich oils . The selected oils are differing in their content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA fatty acids and in their n–3, n–6 and n–9 ratios. The fulfillment of smart balance requirements of FAO/WHO recommended that, approximately 30% of total energy intake (daily) should come from oils and fats. From that total, around 1/3 should be saturated, 1/3 monounsaturated and 1/3 polyunsaturated. It is important that the balance ofW6/W3 be near 2-5/1 has been targeted in these healthier cooking oils composites. Physio-chemical characterization of the blends during thermal treatment applications like frying has been studied. Results showed marked differences in the FAs composition balance between the different oils used for preparing the oil composites. The prepared blends achieve the optimum omega 6: omega 3 balances to prevent control the inflammations had n–6 to n– 3 FAs ratio which varied from 4.9:1 to 4.5:1. This review will help the edible oil producers and related food industry to find out the most economically viable oil blends for cooking purposes, with maximum nutrition as well as desirable physicochemical properties.
Porcelain Veneers vs Composite Resin Veneers: A Review
Authors: Sailo Jenny Lalmalsawmi , Bathla Natasha , Thakur Prarthana , Nagpal Archana , Gupta Rajeev , Duvedi Karan 
Published: March 2021

The main concern for clinical dentistry is the rehabilitation of lost dental aesthetics. These days' people are more conscious of how they feel about their smiles and their effect on other people. Contemporarily based upon the patient's fascination, they are various procedures and material options to select. It is quite challenging for the dentist to satisfy the needs and keep within the patient's budget. The effect of preparation design and material type on the success of dental veneers is controversial. Usually, the clinician's preference decides the preparation geometry. Nevertheless, veneers with incisal coverage seem to have better aesthetic and more predictable outcomes, while having a chamfer finish line palatable seems to be unnecessary, and limiting the preparation to a butt-join finish line is more sensible. Composite veneers provide good aesthetic outcome and patient satisfaction; however, due to its physical properties and bonding strength compared to porcelain veneers, composite veneers tend to fail significantly faster than porcelain veneers. Therefore, veneers have to compare, reviewed, and discussed in details. This review literature discusses the essential parameters.
Antiplasmodial Activity of Seed Oil of Moringa oleifera (Lam.)
Authors: Oluyemi Dada, Ebenezer , Kayode Abdulahi, Sikiru 
Published: March 2021

The study was carried out to determine the antiplasmodial activity of seed oil of Moringa oleifera extracted using n-hexane solvent.
Acute toxicity test was carried out on twelve albino mice grouped into 3 according to seed oil concentrations (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg respectively) with each group having four mice. Thirty-five mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei and the mice were randomized into five groups of seven mice each (groups A, B, C, D and E) for antiplasmodial activity. Group A - negative control (non-treated), group B - positive control (chloroquine treated); group C (800 mg/kg), group D (400 mg/kg) and group E (200 mg/kg) of seed oil of Moringa oleifera. All groups were left untreated until after five days when 0.2 mL treatment dose for each group was administered. Treatment was carried out in four days and left for another five days for post treatment effect.
The acute toxicity test showed that the seed oil of Moringa oleifera was safe and nontoxic to all mice. There was daily gradual reduction in PCV values; however group with the highest suppression of parasitemia had the highest PCV value after treatment. Group A as expected had the lowest PCV value of 22.23±1.98% which fell short of normal range (40 - 55%) and had its parasitemia load increased by 205% while in other groups, B, C, D and E the parasitemia had decreased by 100%, 97.02%, 90.48% and 67.65%respectively after treatment.
Overall, the seed oil of M. oleifera at high concentrations showed a competitive parasite inhibition activity when compared with the result obtained in positive control group; however, few deaths recorded during and after treatment called for further investigation to determine its suitability for the treatment of malaria.
Evaluation of Variance Components and Genetic Parameters in F1 Progenies of Coffea canephora Pierre x C. congensis Froehner
Authors: Ouattara Kouassi M. , Antoine Yapo A. , Simon-Pierre Nguetta A. , Pamela Okoma M. , Karine Gba Kossia M. , Hyacinthe Legnate N. , Jules Keli Z. , Sélastique Akaffou D. 
Published: March 2021

The diploid species Coffea congensis is of interest in improving the organoleptic quality of C. canephora. F1 crosses of C. canephora x C. congensis named Congusta in 3 x 5 factorial design have been carried out. The work aimed to assess the genetic parameters in the hybrids in order to integrate them into the selection schemes under way in Côte d'Ivoire. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Each cross was represented by a minimum of 29 plants and a maximum of 55 plants. The spacing used was 3 x 1.5 m. Male genotypes C. congensis brought little improvement in offspring regardless of their insignificant additive gene effect in the hybrids. Low heritabilities were found for vegetative vigor traits DICO, GAT and NPLA ranging from 0.13 to 0.23 in the narrow sense and from 0.18 to 0.32 in the broad sense. For production, the narrow sense heritabilities were stable during the first three years of harvest with values ​​between 0.23 and 0.25 whereas the broad sense heritability was irregular. The estimation GCA and SCA showed that all the traits except RCAR had ratio between both effects above 1. The study of correlations between traits showed insignificant correlations between production and vegetative traits, with coefficients below 0.30. However, The selection of 83 high-producing trees from 14 out of 15 studied families make it possible to create good vegetative trees linked to high yield.
A Comparative Analysis of SIMC-PID with Other Conventional Techniques for Automobile Vehicle Air Conditioning System Control
Authors: Adebayo Isaiah , Aborisade David , Yinka Ogunkeyede 
Published: March 2021

Decreasing the thermal increase inside vehicles and safeguarding suitable vehicular temperature levels may result in improved vehicle fuel economy, reliability and passenger comfort. However, getting suitable techniques to attain this has been a great challenge to the system engineers. Although, the use of conventional techniques have proffered a great insight in solving the problem of temperature control in air conditioning system, however, they suffered from inefficient and non-lasting solution to the heat generated within the cabin walls. Thus, in this present paper, a Simple Internal Model Control based Proportional Integral Derivative (SIMC-PID) controller for automobile vehicle temperature is proposed. The SIMC method is based on the internal model control (IMC) theory and proposes a simple methodology for the tuning of the PI and PID industrial controllers. The suggested approach is compared with the conventional tuning methods such as Zeigler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon and Chien-Hrones-Reswick based on energy conservation and mass balance principles. Results obtained showed that the proposed SIMC-PID method could be of great significance in controlling the air-conditioning system temperature compared with the conventional tuning techniques.
Analysis of Implementation of Drugs Management Policy in Public & Private Hospitals in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Raymond Assani Ramazani , Raphael Lutula Ndjadi 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: This study, which was conducted from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, aims to assess the level of compliance with formal drug management standards at the Mangobo General Reference Hospital and the Kisangani Millennium Polyclinic and to verify which of the two medical structures successfully applies formal drug management standards more than the other.
Methods: The study involved 30 randomly selected subjects, 15 at the Mangobo General Reference Hospital and 15 at the Kisangani Millennium Polyclinic, as well as all the agents involved in drug management in these two hospitals in the Democratic Republic of Congo. For data collection, we used the questionnaire and comparative analysis.
Results: After analysis, we found that the formal standards of drug management would be impeccably respected at the Kisangani Millennium Polyclinic compared to the Mangobo General Reference Hospital. Furthermore, 87% of respondents confirmed the existence of the national list of essential and generic drugs at the Mangobo General Reference Hospital and 67% at the Kisangani Millennium Polyclinic. 73% of respondents confirmed the logistic cycle of control of drug supply at the Mangobo General Reference Hospital; 40% of the respondents confirmed that the managers of the Kisangani Millennium Polyclinic make greater use of the service criteria used to select medicines; finally, 73% of the managers use the monthly average calculation of the consumption of medicines to calculate the consumption of their medicines at the pharmacy of the Kisangani Millennium Polyclinic.
Strengthening Community Linkages: Basis for an Intervention Program
Authors: Basibas Aveliza T. , Fabiosa Allena R. , Aconga Maria May G. , Tentativa Jennelyn R. 
Published: March 2021

Strengthening linkages and partnership in the basic education program is a remarkable development in today’s school. Indeed, problems and issues arising between the school, students, and parents are easily identified and ultimately solve. Strong collaborations of teachers and parents are of paramount importance to consider a lot of success to serve the needs of the growing number of youth aspiring to acquire quality education for their life. Identifying activities, programs and projects of the school-community linkages and knowing problems and difficulties between school and community is of great importance in going through the education development program in University of Eastern Philippines Laboratory High School UEP-PRM Campus Catubig, Northern Samar. This study was anchored on the theory developed by Epstein, et al. [1] at John Hopkins University, mentioning the six types of partnerships framework which is a useful model for analyzing and designing school-community-involvement programs. The main purpose of the study is to determine the extent of strengthening the school-community linkages-basis for intervention program in University of Eastern Philippines PRM Campus Catubig, Northern Samar.
A simple descriptive research method was used in this study. The full description of this study was premised to give a clear picture of the present status and condition of the statement of the problems under consideration using the inputs, process, and outputs strategy of the research. The main instrument of this study was patterned from Alcantara [2] survey questionnaire on identifying the programs and projects and in strengthening the school-community linkages as the basis for the intervention program of the school system. However, it was modified to suit the appropriateness of the instrument relative to the present study. Results of the respondents’ assessment were very significant in their perceptions that the activities and programs must be planned and coordinated by both school and the community in order to have a successful educational growth among the learners, as well as the community will be benefitted if the pupils will be all successful in their endeavors.
Based on the findings of the study, the status on the linkages between the school and community as perceived by the teachers and parents were “very effective”, the programs and projects of the school and community as assessed by the respondents to strengthen these programs, there is a significant difference in the perceptions of programs and projects of the school and community linkages of the aforementioned variables, both school and community persons-in-charge must coordinate with each other by taking into consideration with the solutions offered, an intervention program was considered by the researcher as a proposed intervention plan offered relative to strengthen school and community linkages.
Reversing Immunosuppression in Hypoxic and Immune‐Cold Tumors with Ultrathin Oxygen Self‐Supplementing Polymer Nanosheets under Near Infrared Light Irradiation
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wang Lei , Wang Qin , Zhou Han , Ma Yinchu , Dong Wang , Xu Hangxun , Wang Yucai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid tumors are characterized by a hypoxic and immunologically “cold” microenvironment that dramatically limits the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. Thus, strategies and materials that are capable of reversing immunosuppression in immune‐cold tumors are highly desired. Herein, it is reported that oxygen (O2) self‐supplementing conjugated microporous polymer nanosheets can be utilized to elicit a robust antitumor T cell immune response in the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The ultrathin nanosheets can generate O2 through the water splitting reaction and produce massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) under near infrared light irradiation. Meanwhile, the unique photothermal property of the conjugated polymer nanosheets generates hyperthermia under irradiation. Consequently, they are able to maximize the immunogenic cell death (ICD) performance by inducing adequate damage‐related molecular patterns in hypoxic tumors. Other than fostering T cell infiltration by the elicited ICD, the loaded indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase in nanosheets can reverse the immunosuppression and empower ICD effect for efficient T cells priming. In vivo experiments conclusively prove that the designed polymer nanosheets exhibit great potential for tumor eradication, metastasis prevention, as well as long‐term survival. Such a photocatalytic platform opens up new paths for reversing immunosuppression in immune‐cold tumors and broadens the application of polymer‐based nanosheets for cancer therapy.
Bulk Passivation and Interfacial Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells: Which One is More Effective?
Authors: Wang Jintao , Jin Guangyong , Zhen Qingzhu , He Chenyang , Duan Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for photovoltaic applications because of their superior optoelectronic properties. The power conversion efficiency of 25.5% has been achieved at an astonishing speed from the debut of 3.8%. However, the notoriously poor stability stemming from the solution fabrication process and uncontrollable rapid crystallization limits the commercialization of PSCs. Thus defects are inevitable among the bulk films and interfaces. Herein, recent progress about defects passivation by additive strategy among the bulk film, are discussed. More importantly, the defects passivation strategy for perovskite/electron transport layer and perovskite/hole transport layer interfaces are summarized. Furthermore, how defects passivation and ion migration would affect the stability performance of the perovskite devices are elaborated. Finally, the current challenges for commercialization prospects of perovskite photovoltaic applications are discussed.
Quantifying the Absorption Onset in the Quantum Efficiency of Emerging Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Almora Osbel , Cabrera Carlos I. , Garcia‐Cerrillo Jose , Kirchartz Thomas , Rau Uwe , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe external quantum efficiency (EQE), also known as incident‐photon‐to‐collected‐electron spectra are typically used to access the energy dependent photocurrent losses for photovoltaic devices. The integral over the EQE spectrum results in the theoretical short‐circuit current under a given incident illumination spectrum. Additionally, one can also estimate the photovoltaic bandgap energy (Eg) from the inflection point in the absorption threshold region. The latter has recently been implemented in the “Emerging PV reports,” where the highest power conversion efficiencies are listed for different application categories, as a function of Eg. Furthermore, the device performance is put into perspective thereby relating it to the corresponding theoretical limit in the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) model. Here, the evaluation of the EQE spectrum through the sigmoid function is discussed and proven to effectively report the Eg value and the sigmoid wavelength range λs, which quantifies the steepness of the absorption onset. It is also shown how EQE spectra with large λs indicate significant photovoltage losses and present the corresponding implications on the photocurrent SQ model. Similarly, the difference between the photovoltaic and optical bandgap is analyzed in terms of λs.
Novel root zone soil water retention improves production with half the water in arid sands
Authors: Aoda Mahdi I. , Smucker Alvin J. M. , Majeed Shatha S. , Mohammed Hussein A. , Al‐Sahaf Fadhel H. , Robertson G. Philip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUrbanization and industrial competition continue to reduce both farmland and available water for food production. Therefore, a new root zone soil water retention technology was modified to transform highly permeable soils into sustainable agriculture. This long‐term drought avoidance technology was tested in two arid regions of Iraq, an arid country with declining irrigation water supplies. Manually installed U‐shaped impermeable membrane troughs were compared with manually installed thin layers of partially decomposed organic matter. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) variety Dafnis (Syngenta Sweden) and spicy pepper (Capsicum solanaceaeL.) crops were spring planted at Najaf and Diyala field sites during a 2‐yr study. Soil water, temperature, and salinity were measured hourly, and compared to crop growth parameters, yields, and irrigation water use efficiency. Combined weights of four tomato and spicy pepper harvests were (P = .05) 15 and 25% greater on sand soils equipped with root zone soil water retaining technology (SWRT) membranes and required 61% less irrigation water than crops grown on locally practiced organic matter‐lined and no water retaining control soils. Spicy pepper production on SWRT membranes (P = .05) increased 30% with concomitant (P = .05) 125% greater irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) than organic matter‐layered and control soils at Diyala.
The constraints of racialization: How classification and valuation hinder scientific research on human variation
Authors: Lasisi Tina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman biological variation has historically been studied through the lens of racialization. Despite a general shift away from the use of overt racial terminologies, the underlying racialized frameworks used to describe and understand human variation still remain. Even in relatively recent anthropological and biomedical work, we can observe clear manifestations of such racial thinking. This paper shows how classification and valuation are two specific processes which facilitate racialization and hinder attempts to move beyond such frameworks. The bias induced by classification distorts descriptions of phenotypic variation in a way that erroneously portrays European populations as more variable than others. Implicit valuation occurs in tandem with classification and produces narratives of superiority/inferiority for certain phenotypic variants without an objective biological basis. The bias of racialization is a persistent impediment stemming from the inheritance of scientific knowledge developed under explicitly racial paradigms. It is also an internalized cognitive distortion cultivated through socialization in a world where racialization is inescapable. Though undeniably challenging, this does not present an insurmountable barrier, and this bias can be mitigated through the critical evaluation of past work, the active inclusion of marginalized perspectives, and the direct confrontation of institutional structures enforcing racialized paradigms.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection aggravates chronic comorbidities of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in mice
Authors: Ma Yuanwu , Lu Dan , Bao Linlin , Qu Yajin , Liu Jiangning , Qi Xiaolong , Yu Lei , Zhang Xu , Qi Feifei , Lv Qi , Liu Yunpeng , Shi Xudong , Sun Caixian , Li Jing , Wang Jie , Han Yunlin , Gao Kai , Dong Wei , Liu Ning , Gao Shan , Xue Jing , Wei Qiang , Pan Sidan , Gao Hong , Zhang Lianfeng , Qin Chuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are top two chronic comorbidities that increase the severity and mortality of COVID‐19. However, how SARS‐CoV‐2 alters the progression of chronic diseases remain unclear.MethodsWe used adenovirus to deliver h‐ACE2 to lung to enable SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in mice. SARS‐CoV‐2’s impacts on pathogenesis of chronic diseases were studied through histopathological, virologic and molecular biology analysis.ResultsPre‐existing CVDs resulted in viral invasion, ROS elevation and activation of apoptosis pathways contribute myocardial injury during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Viral infection increased fasting blood glucose and reduced insulin response in DM model. Bone mineral density decreased shortly after infection, which associated with impaired PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.ConclusionWe established mouse models mimicked the complex pathological symptoms of COVID‐19 patients with chronic diseases. Pre‐existing diseases could impair the inflammatory responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which further aggravated the pre‐existing diseases. This work provided valuable information to better understand the interplay between the primary diseases and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.