bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tale of Two Prints
Authors: McGovern Derek John 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
When Bernard Shaw adapted his 1912 play Pygmalion for the British film version in 1938, his screenplay was not always faithfully represented in the resulting adaptation. What has gone largely unremarked, however, is that there were two quite different prints of the 1938 film: one for British cinema audiences and a truncated and censored version for the American market. While Shaw saw, and publicly approved of, the British print, in all likelihood he was unaware that the widely seen American print, which ironically earned him an Academy Award for his screenplay, was a much inferior version of the film. This essay examines the changes foisted on Shaw's screenplay during the process of its translation to film and then compares the British print with its American counterpart, underlining the considerable differences between the two versions.
Enacting Utopia: Utopia's Investment in Canada's Land and Its Settlement-Building Past
Authors: Milroy Beth Moore 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Land is essential to actually built utopias. Literature regarding built utopias pays next to no attention to the land under them or how it was obtained. Currently Canada's national conversation increasingly pivots around colonization by Europeans and the still unresolved takeover of lands of long-resident Indigenous peoples. The article's objective is to explore a present-centered approach to studying built utopias for its potential to explain how a Eurocentric conception of utopia was invested in the land. The approach draws on James Holstun's 1987 study of Puritan utopias to analyze the circumstances utopists encountered contemporaneously with building and maintaining settlements. The test case of 7,000 Mennonite biblical pacifists left detailed information about how actualized utopia works. The expectation is that research from many such past concrete experiences could astutely and practically inform the next inevitably land-related utopian vision, which, it seems, will be ecologically inspired.
Vermicompost Buffering Capacity to Reduce Acidification of Pb and Cd Contaminated Inceptisols and Entisols
Authors: Muktamar Zainal , Hermawan Bandi , Wulandari Wulandari , Prawito Priyono , Sudjatmiko Sigit , Setyowati Nanik , Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Chozin Mochammad 
Published: May 2021

Contamination of heavy metals on the soil leads to an increase in its acidity. Vermicompost application is commonly used to improve the properties of soil. The study was carried out to determine the reduction of the acidity in Pb and Cd contaminated soils under the application of vermicompost. Two laboratory experiments were set using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was soil samples, vis Inceptisols, and Entisols, and the second factor was the rates of vermicompost, consisted of 0, 5, 10, 15 g kg-1. The treatment combination was repeated three times. The soils were pretreated with 10 mg kg-1 Pb or Cd using Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2. Three hundred kg soil sample was incorporated with vermicompost and placed in a 500 ml plastic bottle. The mixtures were incubated for eight weeks, and the moisture of the soil was maintained at field capacity. The acidity and soil temperature were monitored every week. The study indicated that Pb contaminated soil acidity increased to the sixth week of the incubation and decreased afterward. However, the acidity of Cd contaminated soil was consistently increased during the incubation. Treatment of vermicompost significantly lowered the acidity of both Pb and Cd contaminated soils. Contaminated Entisols had a higher response to the application of vermicompost than that of Inceptisols. This finding is significant in assessing acidity risk and possible management intervention for Pb and Cd contaminated soils.
The Phytoextraction of Copper from Tropical Soil 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy-Metal Containing Waste
Authors: Silva Gianluigi , Aini Septi Nurul , Buchari Henrie , Salam Abdul Kadir 
Published: May 2021

Several particular plants are suggested to extract significant parts of heavy metals from soils and accumulate them in their roots and shoots. This research aimed to study the phytoextraction of Cu by several plants from heavy-metal contaminated tropical soils. Soil samples collected from plots treated in 1998 with 0, 15 and 60 Mg industrial waste ha-1 were planted with three different plants, i.e., caisim, water spinach, and lettuce. Plant parts (roots and shoots) and soil samples were harvested after a four-week growth period and analyzed for plant and soil Cu. The results show that the growth of plants was depressed by the increase in the soil Cu (extracted by 1 N HNO3) as affected by waste levels, with water spinach being the most progressive and produced the most significant biomass. The absorption of Cu by caisim and water spinach increased with the soil extracted Cu (linear R2 = 0.71* for caisim and 0.32* for water spinach) and accumulated greater in plant roots than that in shoots. The translocation factor (TF << 1.00) indicates that all plants were good Cu phytostabilizators rather than phytoextractors, with water spinach being the best Cu extractor.
Resistance Gazes in Recent Music Videos
Authors: Osborn Brad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A number of recent music videos by women subvert the male gaze (Mulvey) through a number of techniques I construe as “resistance gazes.” These videos subvert the hypersexualization, infantilization, objectification, and victimization regularly seen in music videos using imagery that resonates with broader cultural movements such as #metoo and #timesup.
Rediscovery of “Liodon” asiaticum Répelin, 1915, a Mosasaurini (Squamata, Mosasauridae, Mosasaurinae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the vicinity of Jerusalem – Biostratigraphical insights from microfossils
Authors: BARDET Nathalie , DESMARES Delphine , SÁNCHEZ-PELLICER Raquel , GARDIN Silvia 
Published: May 2021

Briefly mentioned in 1915 by the palaeontologist Répelin, the mosasaurid Liodon asiaticum Répelin, 1915 was found by a missionary to Africa, Father Ruffier, in Late Cretaceous strata near Jerusalem (without further details on the exact provenance). This material was never described in detail, figured, or revised and was recently rediscovered in the collections of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle of Marseille (Provence, southern France). Here we describe and figure for the first time this material, which now includes more specimens than the original lot mentioned by Répelin, and we propose new systematic assignments for the identified specimens. First of all we demonstrate that the five original vertebrae briefly described by Répelin represent a composite assemblage and are not diagnostic at the specific level. Thus Liodon asiaticum should be considered a nomem dubium. The most complete and diagnostic specimen belongs to a Mosasaurini (Mosasaurinae) incertae sedis, close to Mosasaurus Conybeare, 1822 and Plotosaurus Camp, 1951, as shown by the unique configuration of its frontal-parietal-postorbitofrontal complex. The two other specimens are identified as indeterminate Mosasaurinae. The study of several groups of microfossils (calcareous nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera and palynomorphs) found in the white chalk preserved with most of the bones constrains the age of these mosasaurid remains to the lower part of the middle Campanian (C. plummerae (Gandolfi, 1955) / G. rosetta (Carsey, 1926) and CC18 / UC14-15a Zones). This corresponds to the local Mishash Formation that crops out extensively East of Jerusalem (Mount of Olives and surroundings). Father Ruffier probably collected these bones in one of the outcrops of this formation, possibly not very far from where he worked and lived (Saint-Anne Community in Jerusalem). These chalky levels, common in the Middle East, represent a shallow and rather open marine environment, possibly near-shore.
Diplomática y e-Diplomática: Pasado y futuro de la validación documental
Authors: Sánchez-González Antonio , De-la-Prada-Espina Diego 
Published: May 2021

Resumen: La tesis planteada en el presente artículo mantiene la plena validez del metadato como elemento de validación de los documentos en los nuevos soportes y formatos digitales actuales, del mismo modo que la Diplomática -en cuanto a ciencia del documento- se servía, como hoy, de unos elementos de validación documental que los hacían y hacen auténticos e indubitados en soportes físicos como el pergamino o el papel. De ahí que tracemos aquí una breve evolución del sistema de validación documental a partir de la Edad Media, para demostrar que el documento considerado auténtico era lo que decía ser, con el fin de poner en conexión esos tradicionales elementos de validación con los elementos actuales, a través de los metadatos, con idéntica funcionalidad de garantizar la integridad y fiabilidad de los modernos documentos digitales. Para ello, nos acercamos primeramente a los documentos en soporte físico a través del análisis de sus suscripciones, signos, monogramas, ruedas, signaturas y sellos. Posteriormente, como contribución a lo que podíamos denominar e-Diplomática, valoramos las formas digitales de validación, que se produce a través de los metadatos de la gestión de los e-documentos, acercándonos al origen de su legitimidad como elementos que avalan que sean auténticos, disponibles y fiables.Abstract: The thesis proposed in this article maintains the full validity of metadata as an element of validation of documents in the new digital media and formats of today, in the same way that Diplomacy -as far as the science of the document- used, as today, elements of documentary validation that made them and make them authentic and indubitable in physical supports such as parchment or paper. This is why we trace here a brief evolution of the document validation system from the Middle Ages, to demonstrate that the document considered authentic was what it claimed to be, in order to connect these traditional elements of validation with current elements, through metadata, with the same functionality of guaranteeing the integrity and reliability of modern digital documents. To this end, we first approach documents on physical support through the analysis of their subscriptions, signs, monograms, wheels, signatures and seals. Subsequently, as a contribution to what we could call e-Diplomatic, we valued the digital forms of validation, which are produced through the metadata of the management of e-documents, approaching the origin of their legitimacy as elements that guarantee that they are authentic, available and reliable.
Thermal delousing in anaesthetised small Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts: A case study showing the viability of anaesthesia prior to delousing for improved welfare during treatment for salmon lice
Authors: Folkedal O , Utskot SO , Nilsson J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDelousing treatment for salmon sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is considered a significant welfare concern in farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), where both industry and legislative bodies prompt for better methods. Currently, the most common method is thermal delousing, where fish are crowded, pumped into a vessel and exposed to ~28-34°C for ~30 s. Physical collisions occurring as a result of a loss of behavioural control lead to acute stress. Crowding triggers vigorous escape behaviour as salmon respond not only to treatment but also to being channeled to and from the treatment zone. A sequence of events considered to cause mortality and poor welfare. The present case study was motivated by an urgent need for delousing in groups of small salmon post-smolts in experimental research. For this purpose, a simple, small-scale system for thermal delousing was constructed, including anaesthesia to alleviate behavioural responses. The anaesthetised fish showed little behavioural response to thermal treatment, strong appetite within hours, and negligible mortality. The described method is regarded as a welfare-friendly alternative to industrial delousing in smaller fish groups, for example, in experimental research. We would encourage detailed research aimed towards gaining a deeper understanding of the welfare effects of anaesthesia prior to treatment for delousing.
Animal welfare during a period of intensification: The views of confinement and alternative pig producers
Authors: Molnár M , Fraser D 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Hungary, where intensive and non-intensive pig production co-exist, in-depth interviews were used to explore the views and priorities of pig producers regarding animal welfare and ethical animal production. Farmers using confinement systems and those with alternative, non-confinement systems shared certain core values such as attachment to animals and to traditional community values. Both groups agreed on most key elements of animal welfare (health, nutrition, etc) but had different priorities for how to achieve these within their production systems. Alternative producers considered unconfined, semi-natural environments important for animal welfare, and confinement producers with medium-sized operations (400-600 sows) generally agreed. Only the three largest producers (> 1,000 sows) expressed strong confidence in confinement methods. Different producers emphasised different features for ensuring animal welfare. Producers with large-scale confinement systems depend strongly on staff and automation and require the means to find and retain good staff. Those with medium-scale confinement systems see automation and personal involvement with animals as crucial, and they need economic conditions that allow herd size to remain within their personal capacity. Those operating alternative systems see small herds and non-confinement systems as crucial for animal welfare and need markets that encourage such systems. Subsidies, regulatory systems and technological developments would need to be tailored to meet the different needs in order for producers to improve animal welfare in the different systems and according to their own values and priorities. Medium-scale confinement producers could better act on their values if economic conditions allowed them to use more natural systems.
Establishing consensus on the best ways to educate children about animal welfare and prevent harm: An online Delphi study
Authors: Muldoon JC , Williams JM 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany animal welfare organisations deliver education programmes for children and young people, or design materials for schoolteachers to use. However, few of these are scientifically evaluated, making it difficult for those working in this field to establish with any certainty the degree of success of their own programmes, or learn from others. There has been no guidance specifically tailored to the development and evaluation of animal welfare education interventions. Accordingly, a three-stage online Delphi study was designed to unearth the expertise of professionals working in this field and identify degree of consensus on various aspects of the intervention process: design, implementation and evaluation. Thirty-one experts participated in Round 1, representing eleven of 13 organisations in the Scottish Animal Welfare Education Forum (SAWEF), and eleven of 23 members of the wider UK-based Animal Welfare Education Alliance (AWEA). Seven further professionals participated, including four based in Canada or the US. Eighty-four percent of the original sample participated in Round 2, where a high level of consensus was apparent. However, the study also revealed areas of ambiguity (determining priorities, the need for intervention structure and degree of success). Tensions were also evident with respect to terminology (especially around cruelty and cruelty prevention), and the common goal for animal welfare to be part of school curricula. Findings were used to develop a web-based framework and toolkit to enable practitioners to follow evidence-based guidance. This should enable organisations to maximise the quality and effectiveness of their interventions for children and young people.
Three-Dimensional Volumetric/ Linear Analysis and Axial Classification of Root Resorptions Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study
Authors: KOŞAR Tuğba , GÜNAÇAR Dilara Nil , KÖSE Taha 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the volumetric-linear analysis and to present a new axial classification of root resorptions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: A total of 43 teeth with root resorption (external cervical resorption (ECR) (n=27), external replacement resorption (ERR) (n=4) and internal root resorption (IRR) (n=12)) from 34 patients were included in this study. On CBCT images of teeth, the volume of total tooth and resorption for the volumetric analysis, the widest lengths of resorptions and the amount of thinnest dentin thickness around them for the linear analysis were measured, and volumetric/linear measurements were compared according to age and gender. In addition, the eight regional axial classification was performed, and these regions were compared. Data were evaluated using Shapiro-Wilk, Pearson’s r., Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-hoc tests. Significance was set at p=0.05 for statistical analysis.
Results: No significant difference was found between the volumetric and linear measurements of ECRs, ERRs, and IRRs. No difference between genders in volumetric and linear measurements of ECRs and IRRs, except total tooth volume, was higher in males than in females in ECRs (p
Media exposure predicts acute stress and probable acute stress disorder during the early COVID-19 outbreak in China
Authors: Luo Yu , He Xiangcai , Wang Shaofeng , Li Jinjin , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2021

Background
The COVID-19 has led to unprecedented psychological stress on the general public. However, the associations between media exposure to COVID-19 and acute stress responses have not been explored during the early COVID-19 outbreak in China.

Methods
An online survey was conducted to investigate the relationships between media exposure to COVID-19 and acute stress responses, and to recognize associated predictors of acute stress responses on a sample of 1,450 Chinese citizens from February 3 to February 10, 2020. Media exposure questionnaire related to COVID-19 was developed to assess media exposure time, media exposure forms and media exposure content. The Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ) was used to measure acute stress responses, including continuous acute stress symptom scores and the risk of probable acute stress disorder (ASD). A series of regression analyses were conducted.

Results
Longer media exposure time and social media use were associated with higher acute stress and probable ASD. Viewing the situation of infected patients was associated with higher acute stress, whereas viewing the latest news about pandemic data was associated with lower odds of probable ASD. Being females, living in Hubei Province, someone close to them diagnosed with COVID-19, history of mental illness, recent adverse life events and previous collective trauma exposure were risk factors for acute stress responses.

Conclusions
These findings confirmed the associations between indirect media exposure to pandemic events and acute stress responses. The governments should be aware of the negative impacts of disaster-related media exposure and implement appropriate interventions to promote psychological well-being following pandemic events.
Outbreak of COVID-19: Impact on Socio-Economic Condition of Shrimp Farmers in South-West Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmmed Shawon , Washim Mizanur Rahman , Rubel A. K. M. Shafiqul Alam , Islam Md. Latiful 
Published: May 2021

Aims: The study investigated the impacts of COVID-19 on livelihood status of coastal Shrimp farmers using farm size, production and income of South-west Bangladesh.
Study Design: This study is empirical in its design. Data on socio-economic factors were collected randomly from selected Shrimp farmers. Both open and closed ended questionnaire and directed to the Shrimp farmers of South-west coastal region of Bangladesh.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out at Khulna district (seven selected Shrimp farming locations; viz., Paikgacha, Lasker, Goroikhali, Lata, Kapilmuni, Amadi and Koyra) of Bangladesh for a period of five months during pandemic of COVID-19 (April-August, 2020).
Methodology: The key data were collected from face to face interview of 120 respondents. A brief outline about the nature and aim of the study was given to each respondent before the interview was commenced. The information of the respondents were written in the questionnaire immediately after completing the interview. Collected data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (version 2016).
Results: Most of the respondents were middle aged (68 %) and living in nuclear families (71 %). Majority of the Shrimp farmers were illiterate (53 %). A greater proportion (66 %) involved in small scale Shrimp farming as a primary occupation followed by moderate (27 %) and large scale (7 %) Shrimp farming. More than half of the respondents earned >20000 BDT (USD$ 1 = 85 BDT) in each month before the pandemic. The production activities were seriously hampered due to unavailability of inputs including aquamedicine, disinfectants, labor crisis, seed and feed, growing the price of production materials and interrupted communication etc. due to the pandemic. However the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic reduced the production from their Shrimp ghers, drastically curtailed the market price, and consequently greatly compressed their income and livelihoods.
Conclusion: The pandemic known as COVID-19 has had a catastrophic impact on human activities, with the Shrimp farming sector being no exception. This study revealed that the socio-economic and income status of the Shrimp farmers was noticeably vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, large numbers of farmer families were unable to fulfill their minimum needs (food, income, and medical care).
The Language of the Art of Music: An Overview of Its History in Brazil
Authors: Souza Alberto Carlos de 
Published: May 2021

This study sought to re-visit the two conceptions of Art – pedagogical and reflective - forged throughout history and its relationship with the Brazilian aesthetic thought of resistance. From the 60's, such thinking has given a pedagogical purpose to art, charged with the task of social criticism and political engagement human emancipatory: In this scenario mainly determined by the Theater of the Oppressed, the new movies and the protest song by Milton Nascimento, Caetano Veloso, Chico Buarque, Gilberto Gil, among many others.