bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellulose‐Nanofiber‐Reinforced Rubber Composites with Resorcinol Resin Prepared by Elastic Kneading
Authors: Noguchi Toru , Bamba Yasuo , Miura Takashi , Iwamoto Rie , Endo Morinobu , Isogai Akira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA resorcinol resin/water dispersion and a rubber latex are added to 1% 2,2,6,6,‐tetramethylpyperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TEMPO‐CNFs) dispersed in water, followed by oven drying at 40 °C for 20 h to prepare a dried TEMPO‐CNF/resorcinol resin/latex rubber (DTRL) mixture with a weight ratio of 1/0.5/3. DTRL is then added to a nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) or a carboxy group‐containing NBR (X‐NBR) sheet, and the mixture is kneaded by a two‐roll mill at 20–30 °C with high shear forces. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the crosslinked DTRL/rubber composite sheets remarkably increased from 10 and 12 MPa, respectively, for the reference sheet to 24 and 82 MPa, respectively, for the DTRL/rubber composite sheets containing ≈10 vol% TEMPO‐CNFs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that no TEMPO‐CNF agglomerates are present in the DTRL/rubber composite sheets. The tensile properties of the composite sheets are the best when a X‐NBR sheet and NBR latex are used as the matrix rubber and latex in DTRL preparation, respectively. When water‐extracted DTRL (WDTRL, mass recovery ratio ≈94%) is used in place of DTRL, the WDTRL/rubber composite sheets show sufficient water resistance, while the tensile properties are almost the same as those of the DTRL/rubber composite sheets.
Highly Thermal Stable Polyimides Applied in Flexible Resistive Memory
Authors: Gao Jyun‐Yu , Chen Chun‐Kai , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFlexible memory devices are one of the most crucial elements in the wearable electronics. In this work, polyimides (PIs)‐based flexible resistive memory devices with an excellent thermal and mechanical durability are demonstrated. Four kinds of functional PIs are derived from the heterocyclic diamines including 2,6‐diaminodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (OODA) and 2,6‐diaminothianthrene, and dianhydrides including 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride. PI with diamine of OODA and dianhydride of 6FDA (PI(OODA_6FDA)) possesses outstanding thermal and mechanical properties with a high glass transition temperature of 352 °C, a low coefficient of thermal expansion of 28.1 ppm K−1, and a high elongation at break of 10%. In addition, PI(OODA_6FDA)‐based memory shows write‐once‐read‐many behavior with a high on/off current ratio of 106 and a stable data retention, attributed to the donor–acceptor charge transfer between the polymer chains. The retained current levels at a low resistive state can be observed even with thermal treatment at 200 °C for 24 h or 1000 times cyclic bending at a bending radius of 5 mm. These results demonstrate the potential of heterocyclic PIs for flexible resistive memory.
Mass spectrometry analysis of saponins
Authors: Savarino Philippe , Demeyer Marie , Decroo Corentin , Colson Emmanuel , Gerbaux Pascal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSaponins are amphiphilic molecules of pharmaceutical interest and most of their biological activities (i.e., cytotoxic, hemolytic, fungicide, etc.) are associated to their membranolytic properties. These molecules are secondary metabolites present in numerous plants and in some marine animals, such as sea cucumbers and starfishes. Structurally, all saponins correspond to the combination of a hydrophilic glycan, consisting of sugar chain(s), linked to a hydrophobic triterpenoidic or steroidic aglycone, named the sapogenin. Saponins present a high structural diversity and their structural characterization remains extremely challenging. Ideally, saponin structures are best established using nuclear magnetic resonance experiments conducted on isolated molecules. However, the extreme structural diversity of saponins makes them challenging from a structural analysis point of view since, most of the time, saponin extracts consist in a huge number of congeners presenting only subtle structural differences. In the present review, we wish to offer an overview of the literature related to the development of mass spectrometry for the study of saponins. This review will demonstrate that most of the past and current mass spectrometry methods, including electron, electrospray and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization ionizations, gas/liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry, collision‐induced dissociation including MS3 experiments, multiple reaction monitoring based quantification, ion mobility experiments, and so forth, have been used for saponin investigations with great success on enriched extracts but also directly on tissues using imaging methods.
Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion before Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation: A Prospective, Comparative Study in 20 Patients
Authors: Fernández‐Pajarín Gustavo , Sesar Ángel , Ares Begoña , Jiménez‐Martín Isabel , Gelabert Miguel , Arán‐Echabe Eduardo , Relova José Luis , Castro Alfonso 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies comparing the clinical efficacy of apomorphine infusion (APO) with subsequent subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (aPD) are currently lacking. Retrospective data have shown that patients treated with APO are usually older, have a more prolonged disease, and a more severe phenotype.ObjectiveTo compare the benefit of APO with that of STN‐DBS on motor, non‐motor, cognitive, and quality of life in the same patient when given sequentially.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 20 aPD patients over 3 different treatment phases: baseline (optimized medical treatment), during APO treatment, and during subsequent STN‐DBS treatment. The APO and STN‐DBS phases were stable for 6 months, and evaluation of the different treatments was separated by 6 months.ResultsCompared to baseline, APO, and STN‐DBS reduced mean daily off time by 70.5% and 89.3% (P = 0.012), respectively, and scores for Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) IV by 27.5% and 80.5% (P ≤ 0.001), Non‐motor symptoms scale (NMSS) by 24.6% and 49.3% (P ≤ 0.001), Montgomery Asberg depression scale (MADRS) by 7.4% and 39.0% (P = 0.27), Starkstein apathy scale (SAS) by 51.1% and 39.9% (P = 0.734), Parkinson's disease sleep scale 2 (PDSS‐2) by 25.7% and 56.7% (P ≤ 0.001), and Parkinson's disease questionnaire 39 item (PDQ‐39) by 39.6% and 64.9% (P ≤ 0.001). Global cognition did not change with either therapy, but phonetic fluency worsened after STN‐DBS compared to APO (P = 0.022).ConclusionsBoth APO and STN‐DBS improved motor and non‐motor symptoms and quality of life compared to optimized medical treatment in aPD. Overall, STN‐DBS was the most effective treatment, but APO showed a pronounced benefit on motor symptoms. Effective treatment for aPD should not be delayed, even when waiting for surgery.
Recommendations for intraoperative mesh brachytherapy: Report of AAPM Task Group No. 222
Authors: Feng Wenzheng , Rivard Mark J. , Carey Elizabeth M. , Hearn Robert A. , Pai Sujatha , Nath Ravinder , Kim Yongbok , Thomason Cynthia L. , Boyce Dale E. , Zhang Hualin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMesh brachytherapy is a special type of a permanent brachytherapy implant: it uses low‐energy radioactive seeds in an absorbable mesh that is sutured onto the tumor bed immediately after a surgical resection. This treatment offers low additional risk to the patient as the implant procedure is carried out as part of the tumor resection surgery. Mesh brachytherapy utilizes identification of the tumor bed through direct visual evaluation during surgery or medical imaging following surgery through radiographic imaging of radio‐opaque markers within the sources located on the tumor bed. Thus, mesh brachytherapy is customizable for individual patients. Mesh brachytherapy is an intraoperative procedure involving mesh implantation and potentially real‐time treatment planning while the patient is under general anesthesia. The procedure is multidisciplinary and requires the complex coordination of multiple medical specialties. The preimplant dosimetry calculation can be performed days beforehand or expediently in the operating room with the use of lookup tables. In this report, the guidelines of American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) are presented on the physics aspects of mesh brachytherapy. It describes the selection of radioactive sources, design and preparation of the mesh, preimplant treatment planning using a Task Group (TG) 43‐based lookup table, and postimplant dosimetric evaluation using the TG‐43 formalism or advanced algorithms. It introduces quality metrics for the mesh implant and presents an example of a risk analysis based on the AAPM TG‐100 report. Recommendations include that the preimplant treatment plan be based upon the TG‐43 dose calculation formalism with the point source approximation, and the postimplant dosimetric evaluation be performed by using either the TG‐43 approach, or preferably the newer model‐based algorithms (viz., TG‐186 report) if available to account for effects of material heterogeneities. To comply with the written directive and regulations governing the medical use of radionuclides, this report recommends that the prescription and written directive be based upon the implanted source strength, not target‐volume dose coverage. The dose delivered by mesh implants can vary and depends upon multiple factors, such as postsurgery recovery and distortions in the implant shape over time. For the sake of consistency necessary for outcome analysis, prescriptions based on the lookup table (with selection of the intended dose, depth, and treatment area) are recommended, but the use of more advanced techniques that can account for real situations, such as material heterogeneities, implant geometric perturbations, and changes in source orientations, is encouraged in the dosimetric evaluation. The clinical workflow, logistics, and precautions are also presented.
Noninvasive quantification of cerebrovascular pressure changes using 4D Flow MRI
Authors: Marlevi David , Schollenberger Jonas , Aristova Maria , Ferdian Edward , Ma Yue , Young Alistair A. , Edelman Elazer R. , Schnell Susanne , Figueroa C. Alberto , Nordsletten David A. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeHemodynamic alterations are indicative of cerebrovascular disease. However, the narrow and tortuous cerebrovasculature complicates image‐based assessment, especially when quantifying relative pressure. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of image‐based cerebrovascular relative pressure mapping, investigating the accuracy of the routinely used reduced Bernoulli (RB), the extended unsteady Bernoulli (UB), and the full‐field virtual work‐energy relative pressure (WERP) method.MethodsPatient‐specific in silico models were used to generate synthetic cerebrovascular 4D Flow MRI, with RB, UB, and WERP performance quantified as a function of spatiotemporal sampling and image noise. Cerebrovascular relative pressures were also derived in 4D Flow MRI from healthy volunteers (), acquired at two spatial resolutions (dx = 1.1 and 0.8 mm).ResultsThe in silico analysis indicate that accurate relative pressure estimations are inherently coupled to spatial sampling: at dx = 1.0 mm high errors are reported for all methods; at dx = 0.5 mm WERP recovers relative pressures at a mean error of 0.02 ± 0.25 mm Hg, while errors remain higher for RB and UB (mean error of −2.18 ± 1.91 and −2.18 ± 1.87 mm Hg, respectively). The dependence on spatial sampling is also indicated in vivo, albeit with higher correlative dependence between resolutions using WERP (k = 0.64, R2 = 0.81 for dx = 1.1 vs. 0.8 mm) than with RB or UB (k = 0.04, R2 = 0.03, and k = 0.07, R2 = 0.07, respectively).ConclusionImage‐based full‐field methods such as WERP enable cerebrovascular relative pressure mapping; however, accuracy is directly dependent on utilized spatial resolution.
Longitudinal changes in respiratory and upper limb function in a pediatric type III spinal muscular atrophy cohort after loss of ambulation
Authors: Wolfe Amy , Scoto Mariacristina , Milev Evelin , Muni Lofra Robert , Abbott Lianne , Wake Ruth , Rohwer Annemarie , Main Marion , Baranello Giovanni , Mayhew Anna , Marini‐Bettolo Chiara , Muntoni Francesco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type III is a relatively mild form of SMA. Few studies have investigated the changes in both respiratory and upper limb function within this population after loss of ambulation. The aim of this study was to assess change in percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% predicted) and change in the Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) score in these patients throughout a 24‐month period after loss of ambulation. Effect of scoliosis and its surgical correction, disease duration since loss of ambulation, weight, and height were also investigated.MethodsRetrospective analyses were performed on 24 nonambulant SMA III patients from data collected at two centers in the United Kingdom.ResultsThe FVC% predicted score showed a significant progressive deterioration of 17% over the 24‐month period. Respiratory deterioration correlated significantly with age, weight, disease duration since loss of ambulation, and spinal correctional surgery. Longitudinal RULM data were available for 16 patients; a significant deterioration was observed with a mean decrease in score of 3 over 24 months. Age correlated negatively with RULM score, as did height and time since loss of ambulation. A significant positive correlation between FVC% predicted and RULM was demonstrated.DiscussionThis study highlights how SMA type III patients have progressive deterioration of respiratory and upper limb function after loss of ambulation. Combining data from these assessments could provide insight into clinical progression, inform clinical trials, and provide assistance in managing disease progression expectations for patients.
Green fluorescent carbon dots as targeting probes for LED‐dependent bacterial killing
Authors: Samphire Jennifer , Takebayashi Yuiko , Hill Stephen A. , Hill Nicholas , Heesom Kate J. , Lewis Philip A. , Alibhai Dominic , Bragginton Eilis C. , Dorh Josephine , Dorh Neciah , Spencer James , Galan M. Carmen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a significant health and economic challenge worldwide. The slow pace of antibacterial discovery necessitates strategies for optimal use of existing agents, including effective diagnostics able to drive informed prescribing; and development of alternative therapeutic strategies that go beyond traditional small‐molecule approaches. Thus, the development of novel probes able to target bacteria for detection and killing, and that can pave the way to effective theranostic strategies, is of great importance. Here we demonstrate that metal‐free green‐emitting fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) synthesized from glucosamine·HCl and m‐phenylenediamine, and featuring 2,5‐deoxyfructosazine on a robust amorphous core, can label both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial pathogens within 10 minutes of exposure. Moreover, effective killing of Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria can be induced by combining FCD treatment with irradiation by LED light in the visible range. Cell‐based, electron microscopy and tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic experiments indicate that FCD administration in combination with LED exposure gives rise to local heating, ROS production, and membrane‐ and DNA‐damage, suggesting multiple routes to FCD‐mediated bacterial killing. Our data identify FCDs as materials that combine facile synthesis from low‐cost precursors with labeling and light‐dependent killing of clinically important bacterial species, and that thus warrant further exploration as the potential bases for novel theranostics.
A three‐dimensional hybrid finite element — spectral boundary integral method for modeling earthquakes in complex unbounded domains
Authors: Albertini Gabriele , Elbanna Ahmed E. , Kammer David S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a 3D hybrid method which combines the finite element method (FEM) and the spectral boundary integral method (SBIM) to model nonlinear problems in unbounded domains. The flexibility of FEM is used to model the complex, heterogeneous, and nonlinear part— such as the dynamic rupture along a fault with near fault plasticity—and the high accuracy and computational efficiency of SBIM is used to simulate the exterior half spaces perfectly truncating all incident waves. The exact truncation allows us to greatly reduce the domain of spatial discretization compared to a traditional FEM approach, leading to considerable savings in computational time and memory requirements. The coupling of FEM and SBIM is achieved by the exchange of traction and displacement boundary conditions at the computationally defined boundary. The method is suited to implementation on massively parallel computers. We validate the developed method by means of a benchmark problem. Three more complex examples with a low velocity fault zone, low velocity off‐fault inclusion, and interaction of multiple faults, respectively, demonstrate the capability of the hybrid scheme in solving problems of very large sizes. Finally, we discuss potential applications of the hybrid method for problems in geophysics and engineering.
Licenced practical nurses' perceptions of their work environments and their intention to stay: A cross‐sectional study of four practice settings
Authors: Phillips Leah Adeline , de Los Santos Nyla , Jackson Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to understand how licenced practical nurses perceive their work environments across different work settings and to analyse the association between these nurses’ perceptions of their work environments and their intentions to stay employed at their current nursing unit.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive survey was conducted with Licensed Practical Nurses in Alberta, Canada.MethodsThe study population consisted of 598 licenced practical nurses. Survey measures included demographic information, the Perceived Work Environment‐Nursing Work Index, and an intention to stay scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated and mean scores for perceptions about the work environment were compared by work setting. The associations between perceived work environment and intention to stay were analysed using linear regression.ResultsOverall, licenced practical nurses rated their work environment as mixed, with statistically significantly lower scores in acute care settings. Nurse manager ability and adequate staffing and resources were the highest contributing variables.
Dementia care education interventions on healthcare providers' outcomes in the nursing home setting: A systematic review
Authors: Zhao Yayi , Liu Li , Chan Helen Yue‐lai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGiven the increasing prevalence of people with dementia in long‐term care, various educational interventions have been developed to enhance the dementia care competence of healthcare providers. The study aim was to appraise the evidence of the effects of dementia care educational programs on improving the preparedness of nursing home staff. Articles on dementia care education interventions for nursing home staff were searched from eight databases. The primary outcomes were staff knowledge, attitude, competence, and sense of competence or self‐efficacy related to dementia. The secondary outcomes were psychological outcomes, including burnout, caregiving stress, well‐being, and job satisfaction. The quality of evidence was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Out of the 3269 articles identified, 19 randomized controlled trials comprising 3947 participants from eight countries were included. The methodological quality of included studies was fair. A significant improvement in staff knowledge regarding dementia was reported. The intervention effects on attitudes and competence were insignificant, and the effects on the sense of competence or self‐efficacy related to dementia care were inconsistent. The effects on psychological outcomes seem limited because few significant changes were found. Multiple teaching methods, peer support, qualified trainers, and post‐training support were effective components in designing the educational interventions. However, given the variations in content and dose and the methodological limitations of the included studies, the effects of educational programs were inconclusive. The findings highlight the necessity of high‐quality studies on dementia‐care educational interventions, especially in other cultures than Western countries, such as in Asia.
Late effects in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma survivors after uniform treatment with ABVD with or without radiotherapy
Authors: Mittal Abhenil , Bhethanabhotla Sainath , Ganguly Shuvadeep , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Khadgawat Rajesh , Patel Chetan , Mohan Anant , Biswas Ahitagni , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin,vinblastine, and dacarbazine) is not a standard regimen in children due to concerns regarding late effects. However, no studies have evaluated long‐term toxicities of ABVD in children.MethodsTotal 154 pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors uniformly treated with ABVD were clinically followed up as per institutional protocol. All participants were evaluated for cardiac, pulmonary, and thyroid function abnormalities by multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) scan, spirometry with diffusion capacity of lung for the uptake of carbon monoxide (DLCO), and thyroid profile test, respectively, at a single time point. Predictors of toxicity were also analyzed.ResultsThe median duration of follow‐up of the cohort was 10.3 years (6.04–16.8). No secondary malignant neoplasm (SMN) or symptomatic cardiac/pulmonary toxicities were detected. Nine patients (5.9%) had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <55%. Subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were observed in 78 (50.6%) and 16 (10.4%) survivors, respectively. Abnormal spirometry and reduced DLCO was observed in 43.2% and 42.0% survivors, respectively. Receiving neck radiation was significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] 16.04, p < .001); age ≥10 years predicted reduced DLCO (OR 4.12, p = .001). Sixty‐three and 33 patients had one and two late adverse effects, respectively; receiving neck radiation predicted development of multiple late effects (proportional OR 4.72, p < 0.001). Cumulative dose of chemotherapy did not predict toxicity.ConclusionsOverall, ABVD appears safe in children at a relatively short follow‐up. Long‐term safety data are required before it can be adopted for treating pediatric HL patients. Children receiving neck radiation require close follow‐up.
Introduction to the Performance and Mechanism of Various Photocatalytic Materials Compounded with Carbon Dots
Authors: Yan Fanyong , Wang Yao , Zang Yueyan , Sun Jingru , Yi Chunhui , Xu Ming , Xu Jinxia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith their unique optical and electronic properties, carbon dots (CDs) are showing great momentum in many fields such as biosensing, imaging, drug delivery, and photocatalysis. Due to their efficient light harvesting, extraordinary upconversion photoluminescence, and excellent photoinduced electron transfer capabilities, the combination of CDs with photocatalytic materials will promote light absorption resulting in increased generation of electron‐hole pairs and faster photogenerated electron transfer, effectively suppressing the rate of electron‐hole pair complexation and thus improving photocatalytic activity. In this paper, the mechanism of CDs photocatalysis and various photocatalytic materials such as TiO2, Bi‐based, CdS, and g‐C3N4 complexed with CDs are reviewed. It is hoped that research into CDs in the field of photocatalysis will be advanced and that CDs will be used more widely in environmental and energy applications.