bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Inter-Laboratory Study of DNA-Based Identity, Parentage and Species Testing in Animal Forensic Genetics
Authors: Kanthaswamy Sreetharan , Brendel Torsten , Cancela Luis , Andrade de Oliveira Denise A. , Brenig Bertram , Cons Carmen , Crespi Julian A. , Dajbychová Markéta , Feldl Andreas , Itoh Tomohito , Landi Vincenzo , Martinez Amparo , Natonek-Wisniewska Malgorzata , Oldt Robert F. , Radko Anna , Ramírez Oscar , Rodellar Clementina , Ruiz-Girón Manuel , Schikorski David , Turba María Elena , Giovambatista Guillermo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe probative value of animal forensic genetic evidence relies on laboratory accuracy and reliability. Inter-laboratory comparisons allow laboratories to evaluate their performance on specific tests and analyses and to continue to monitor their output. The International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) administered animal forensic comparison tests (AFCTs) in 2016 and 2018 to assess the limitations and capabilities of laboratories offering forensic identification, parentage and species determination services. The AFCTs revealed that analyses of low DNA template concentrations (≤300 pg/µL) constitute a significant challenge that has prevented many laboratories from reporting correct identification and parentage results. Moreover, a lack of familiarity with species testing protocols, interpretation guidelines and representative databases prevented over a quarter of the participating laboratories from submitting correct species determination results. Several laboratories showed improvement in their genotyping accuracy over time. However, the use of forensically validated standards, such as a standard forensic short tandem repeat (STR) kit, preferably with an allelic ladder, and stricter guidelines for STR typing, may have prevented some common issues from occurring, such as genotyping inaccuracies, missing data, elevated stutter products and loading errors. The AFCTs underscore the importance of conducting routine forensic comparison tests to allow laboratories to compare results from each other. Laboratories should keep improving their scientific and technical capabilities and continuously evaluate their personnel’s proficiency in critical techniques such as low copy number (LCN) analysis and species testing. Although this is the first time that the ISAG has conducted comparison tests for forensic testing, findings from these AFCTs may serve as the foundation for continuous improvements of the overall quality of animal forensic genetic testing. Key PointsComparison tests allow laboratories to evaluate their analyses for accuracy and reliability.Two forensic identification, parentage and species determination comparison tests were performed.The study showed that the LCN DNA analysis represented a significant challenge to most laboratories.Lacking familiarity with species tests curbed most laboratories from reporting accurately.A reliance on forensically validated testing standards may have prevented some of the common errors.
Superradiance in string theory
Authors: Mehta Viraf M. , Demirtas Mehmet , Long Cody , Marsh David J.E. , McAllister Liam , Stott Matthew J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We perform an extensive analysis of the statistics of axion masses and interactions in compactifications of type IIB string theory, and we show that black hole superradiance excludes some regions of Calabi-Yau moduli space. Regardless of the cosmological model, a theory with an axion whose mass falls in a superradiant band can be probed by the measured properties of astrophysical black holes, unless the axion self-interaction is large enough to disrupt formation of a condensate. We study a large ensemble of compactifications on Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces, with 1 ≤ h
1,1 ≤ 491 closed string axions, and determine whether the superradiance conditions on the masses and self-interactions are fulfilled. The axion mass spectrum is largely determined by the Kähler parameters, for mild assumptions about the contributing instantons, and takes a nearly-universal form when h
1,1 ≫ 1. When the Kähler moduli are taken at the tip of the stretched Kähler cone, the fraction of geometries excluded initially grows with h
1,1, to a maximum of ≈ 0.5 at h
1,1 ≈ 160, and then falls for larger h
1,1. Further inside the Kähler cone, the superradiance constraints are far weaker, but for h
1,1 ≫ 100 the decay constants are so small that these geometries may be in tension with astrophysical bounds, depending on the realization of the Standard Model.
Influence of seedlings height and planting media on Eha growth (Castanopsis buruana Miq.) from the extract of natural saplings
Authors: Basrudin  , Husna  , Tuheteru F D , Arif A , Albasri  , Mansur I , Krisdianto  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Eha is one of the important plants in Indonesia’s tropical forests that has important ecological and economic value. During this time Eha is cultivated generatively through seeds, but because of the often constrained seasons and availability of seeds, therefore, we need an alternative cultivation technology with vegetative propagation. This study aims to examine the influence of seedlings height and planting media on the growth of Eha from the extraction of natural saplings. This study was compiled based on a Complete Randomized Design of factorial patterns consisting of two factors. The first factor is the height of seedlings consisting of 3 levels of treatment, namely height 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm). The second factor is the type of media consisting of 3 levels of treatment, namely soil, 1:1 sand soil and 1:1:1:1 husk charcoal sand soil. The results show that a seedling height of 20 cm can increase the percentage of life, the percentage of buds and the number of leaves of Eha from the extract of natural saplings. The composition of the best planting medium is a mixture of soil and sand (1:1) because it tends to give the best results against the percentage of sprouts and the percentage of life Eha from the extraction of natural saplings.
Safety Assessment of Electromagnetic Exposure of Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Track
Authors: Lieli Guang , Pingli Jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
At present, there are few researches on the electromagnetic exposure of superconducting maglev train to passengers. In order to supplement these deficiencies, the finite element simulation software COMSOL is used to model the Halbach track and the superconducting maglev train and guide rail of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The simulation results show that the train can get off the train when it is stationary on the straight track Electromagnetic exposure of customers. The results show that: when the train is stationary and the suspension height is 5 mm, the maximum values of magnetic flux density in the body of the three passengers are 527μT, 240μT and 77.7μT respectively, and the farther the passenger is from the guide rail, the magnetic flux density in the body tends to decrease. These values are lower than the public electromagnetic exposure limit recommended by ICNIRP, which indicates that the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnetic levitation permanent magnet track will not pose a health risk to the passengers in the vehicle.
Optimal Design of Impulse Turbine Prototype of Oscillating Water Column Type Wave Energy Power Generation Device
Authors: Wu Zhiqian , Li Zhenxi , Mi Xin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Oscillating Water Column Type is currently the most widely used wave energy generation device. The impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes has the advantages of high peak efficiency and excellent aerodynamic performance. Using three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to analyze the impulse turbine, construct and optimize the design of the turbine prototype, and provide suggestions for the subsequent innovation and improvement of the performance and structure of the impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes.
Cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of off-grid photovoltaic systems in the Northwest residential sector of San Pedro Sula, Honduras
Authors: Tinoco S , Reyes Duke A M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research analyzed the implementation, from a technical and financial point of view, of off-grid solar photovoltaic systems in the Northwest sector of San Pedro Sula, Honduras. The energy demand of the residential sector was studied, the monthly energy consumption data of 17 neighborhoods in the sector were processed and three main monthly energy consumption levels were determined. The sizing of the systems was carried out considering PV arrays connected to hybrid inverters. In addition, the nominal capacity of the battery banks of the three systems was defined based on 1 day of autonomy and a nominal voltage of the installation of 48V. PVsyst was used to approximate the energy that the photovoltaic array will potentially generate, and the specific yield value was used to project the energy to be generated throughout the life of the project. Homer Pro was used to determine the optimal configuration to find the lowest net present costs for each project. The financial analysis determined that the cost-benefit ratio is greater than 1 for systems with nominal DC capacity greater than 15.8kWp.
Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Energy Saving Potential in Naturally Ventilated School Building in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Mishan , Rijal H.B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The energy use in schools relates to various factors such as local climate, architectural design, thermal comfort, and so on. The present study explores the thermal comfort of students in higher secondary schools in the temperate climatic region of Nepal during the summer of 2019. Altogether 246 students aged 12-18 years have participated in the survey. The indoor and outdoor temperature were measured together with the thermal comfort survey during the regular lesson. The students voted three times during the regular lesson: morning, midday, and afternoon. A literature review was conducted on energy use in schools in various countries. The comfort temperature in the afternoon was significantly higher than in the morning or in the midday. The comfort temperature is related to the air movement and operative temperature. The strategies such as insulation, shading, and ventilation are helpful to maintain indoor temperature which contributes to the energy saving in building. The Nepalese school students are adapting in the thermal environment of classrooms without energy use.
The development of green building technology
Authors: Wei Yiyang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Green building has become a trend of sustainable building development in the 21st century. An important indicator to measure the development of society is the buildings index. Global requirements for buildings are also gradually improving, and the construction industry accounts for one third of the total world consumption. It is necessary to re-examine the consumption mode and ecological significance of the construction industry in the process of construction and use and abandon the traditional construction technology mode with high pollution and energy consumption. It is necessary to develop green building technology. It refers to a building technology model that has no harm to the environment which can fully utilize the environment and resources and does not destroy the basic ecological balance. In the new century, Chinese buildings should no longer follow the old development pattern of high pollution and high energy consumption. It is the only way for Chinese buildings to develop by studying green building technology and building green buildings.
Analysis of the innovative development of circumpolar countries in the context of the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Krasulina O Y , Rossokhin V V , Anosova N E , Khazov V K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm in the manufacturing world. It has radically changed the way people and machines interact. Main features of Fourth Industrial Revolution are the following: technological transformation, artificial intelligence and digitalization. The variability in innovation performance in circumpolar countries has led to the development of many theoretical concepts. These concepts include the role of public policy, research and development, foreign direct investment, human capital and financial development in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study examines the macroeconomic performance of circumpolar countries in terms of technological innovation from 2012 to 2017. The results show that globalization, R&D, GDP, financial development and human capital are important factors behind technological innovation. The article provides a detailed analysis of Industry 4.0 technologies in circumpolar countries. The authors believe that it is important to compare the statistics in circumpolar countries with the general statistics of the countries – members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), in the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
The image of the Russian Arctic through strategic projects and international events
Authors: Safonova M , Spiridonov A A , Kulik S V , Smirnova O A , Soshneva E B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article looks into the process of shaping of the Arctic region’s image as part of the policy of modern Russia from the perspective of strategic development projects and international meetings: major international forums, conferences as part of international cooperation. Special attention is being given to the economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. While conducting research the author came to the key conclusion that the ongoing strategic development projects and international events are able to influence and form the unique image of the Arctic region and also that there is more than just one image being formed in the politics of modern Russia. The first one (internal) is formed to involve human capacity that can ensure the development of extracting, trade and military infrastructure. The second (external) is based on social sphere and sustainable development of the region which is not being a first priority in the Russian Federation’s policy.
Alterations of the heaviest ice conditions along Sabetta-Bering Strait route
Authors: Tretyakov V Yu , Fediakov V E , Frolov S V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
AARI has unique archive of ice charts, which were made by recognition of satellite images, their composition and vectorization. The paper is considered methodology and preliminary results of computer processing of vector ice charts from the archive. The archive covers the period since 1997. The charts handling is processed in ArcGIS. The article presents some results of ice navigation conditions analysis within the standard route “Sabetta Port – the Bering Strait” for April and May, that is temporal interval of the heaviest conditions of ice navigation. There have been calculated conditional length of various ice age/age and form gradations for the route as a whole. For a homogeneous ice zone of the route the conditional length of an ice age gradation means result of multiplication of the gradation partial ice concentration at the zone length. The values were calculated for various ice forms (floe dimensions) of the ice age categories. The research revealed essential enhancement of the ice navigation conditions for the period 1998-2020. Nevertheless even complete disappearance of the old ice from the route does not mean absence of nip danger.
The concept of “Smart City”: specific nature of innovative development of Russian Arctic cities
Authors: Detter Gennadij , Ljovkina Anastasia , Tukkel Iosif , Redko Sergey , Tsvetkova Nadezhda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Innovative development of Arctic regions has insignificant dynamics to withstand the emerging challenges and threats. The initial asymmetry of the economic development of Arctic regions stimulated scientific search and innovative orientation but later financial and economic crises and new development priorities reduced the innovation potential of this macro-region. The condition of the regional innovation system becomes critical for the development of the innovation activity in Arctic cities. The study reveals the current state of digital transformation of the Arctic cities of Yamalo-Nenets autonomous area. Digitalization of the economy, the implementation of the “Smart City” concept focused on socio-cultural interactions creates new opportunities for the innovative development of Arctic cities. The advantage of many arctic cities is the concentration of human potential, infrastructure, specific social and economic practices. It is assumed that Arctic cities may face non-systemic and ineffective digital transformation, so the process should be accompanied by the development of local innovation systems. The concept of “smart people - smart city - sustainable region” is proposed, which implies prior development of the socio-cultural and intellectual potential providing the ability of arctic people to meet the current challenges and ensure a decent future for themselves.
Prospects of Russian-Korean High-Tech Cooperation in the Arctic: New Challenges in Light of Sanctions and COVID-19
Authors: Mikheeva N. M. , Didenko D.U. , Aladyshkin I V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea in the Arctic in the face of a pandemic Covid-19 and new sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia. In the conditions of economic slowdown, it is cooperation in high-tech industries - shipbuilding, logistics projects - has become a priority for Russian-Korean cooperation in the Arctic The authors compare the priorities of the participation of South Korean companies in the modernization of the Northern Sea Route, in the development of cooperation in shipbuilding, joint transport and logistics projects with Russia’s interests in Arctic. In the context of the pandemic, the introduction of sanitary and restrictive measures, remote staff mode, the ban on the entry of foreign specialists caused a decrease in the volume of shipping in the whole world and between Russia and the Republic of Korea. In the new conditions, business activity, mobility of investors, representatives of medium and small businesses participating in Arctic cooperation decreased. This is evident in the analysis of economic indicators. Despite the obvious negative trends, countries have managed to maintain all areas of interaction. The authors note the consistent implementation of previous agreements on major shipbuilding projects, the preservation of dialogue mechanisms to discuss transport and logistics projects in the region, taking into account the interests of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea.
Technological Revolution 4.0 for the Arctic
Authors: Vasileva Zh , Vasekha M , Anikeeva N , Alloyarov K , Mokhorov D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article presents the author’s opinion on the development of Arctic territories in the circumstances of the 4th industrial revolution. The main tools of the new technological structure being introduced in the northern territories are reviewed. The leading role of oil and gas companies in the promotion of technologies and tools of the new industrial paradigm in a number of Arctic regions of the Russian Federation is remarked. The inevitability of changing the Arctic development perception from an ecological catastrophe to the careful and sustainable development of Arctic spaces using the modern achievements of the Technological Revolution 4.0 is indicated.
Thermal induced residual stress and microstructural constituents of dissimilar S690QT high-strength steels and 316L austenitic stainless steel weld joints
Authors: Njock Bayock Francois , Kah Paul , Kibong Marius , Timba Sadrack 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effect of thermal cycle on the residual stress, microstructural constituents, and alloying elements composition of dissimilar S690QT and 316L austenite stainless steel was studied. Finite element model (FEM) using ANSYS 19.1 software and an experimental investigation using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process with fully austenite filler wire were applied to developed thermal cycle and evaluate residual stress in the heat-affected zone of both materials. The experimental data were recorded using a thermal-cycle sensor (TCS) and x-ray diffraction technique. A microstructural investigation was done using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The thermal cycle showed the maximum temperature (T
max) in the HAZ of 316L side (850 °C) at a distance of 7 mm away from the centreline of the weld compare to S690QT side. The magnitude of tensile residual stresses in the 316L side decreased as welding heat input increased. The maximum residual stresses were observed on the S690QT side (700 MPa). Microstructural investigations revealed the formation of Bainite, and some retained of austenite at the temperature of 800 °C in the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of S690QT. On 316L side, some grain boundary austenite (GBA), intragranular austenite (IGA), and carbides were observed in the CGHAZ. Compared to the initial microstructure of both materials, a slightly increase of Mn, Cr, and Si were observed at the respective values of 1.90%, 1.25%, and 0.40% on the S690QT side compared to the BM. For 316L side, it indicated an increase of Cr (26%), Mo (5.69%), and Ni (17%) in the alloying element composition compared to the BM. Applying 10 kJ cm−1 of heat input produced an excellent mechanical property and reduced the formation of carbide, inter-granular corrosion in the microstructure of 316L side.
Fitting the solutions to the problems in managing extreme wildfire in California
Authors: Schwartz Mark W , Syphard Alexandra D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Agencies are busy within California developing prioritization strategies to increase the pace and scale of forest treatment in an effort to reduce damage to ecosystems and people by large severe wildfire. A tacit assumption of this effort is that building forest resilience to wildfire will resolve California’s extreme wildfire challenge. Specifically, the management focus is on coniferous forests where there is abundant evidence of increased tree density and a history of timber production. However, much of the state is covered by non-forested ecosystems, which is also where a lot of structure loss has occurred. We use more than twenty years of wildfire data in California to identify the relative proportion of wildfire area, ignitions and the number of structures destroyed by wildfire categorized by vegetation type. Using five general categories of vegetation (annual dominated, shrubland, woodland, mixed hardwood forest and coniferous forest) we show that a majority of area burned, ignitions and the vast majority of structures damaged by wildfire occur in vegetation types other than coniferous forests. Comprising 19% of the vegetation of California, coniferous forests garner the lion’s share of interest in management strategies to reduce the adverse impacts of wildfire. Simply summary statistics clearly show, however, that most of the damage from fire is in systems where forest management is not likely to result in increased wildfire resilience.