bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome, Uric Acid and Leisure Time Physical Activity between Former Athletes and Non-Athlees
Authors: Altowerqi Zayed M. , Zainuddin Zainal Abidin Bin 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), overweight and obesity, uric acid (UA), and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) among former athletes and non-athletes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Moreover, to determine the effects of previous high intensity training on MS risk factors, overweight and obesity, and UA. Seventy-five (75) former athletes and twenty-six (26) non-athletes, aged between 26 and 60 years old, participated in this study. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), and blood samples were collected by the researcher. LTPA was reported by participants. The study results showed that 38.61% of former athletes have MS and 17.82% of non-athletes have MS. The study also showed that 31.68% of former athletes were overweight and 26.73% were obese. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among non-athletes was 9.90%. 23.76% of former athletes had high level of UA, whereas 14.85% of non-athletes had high level of UA. According to the study findings 28% former athletes participated in high physical activity (PA), 38.67% in moderate PA, and 33.33% in low PA, while 19.23% of non-athletes participated in high PA, 38.46% in moderate PA, and 42.31% in low PA. Former athletes had lower mean of body mass index, WC, fasting blood glucose (FBG), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and UA than non-athletes. In addition, higher mean of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, former athletes had higher mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and triglycerides (TG) than non-athletes.
Trend and research status of agronomy based on the Essential Science Indicators during 2009–2019
Authors: Sun Jie , Yuan Bao‐Zhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) database, this study analyzed 734 top papers in the subject category of Agronomy from 2009 to 2019, which include 730 highly cited papers and seven hot papers in the field. All papers written in English, were from 3,540 authors; 1,225 organizations; and 91 countries/territories, published in 47 journals and book series in the field of Agronomy. The journals with the highest impact factor (IF) were Industrial Crops and Products, Plant and Soil, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Pest Management Science, and Field Crops Research. The countries and regions with the highest IF were United States, People's Republic of China, France, Germany, and Australia. The organizations with the highest average IF were INRA, University of Western Australia, Chinese Academy of Science, China Agriculture University, and University of California‐Davis. This work is useful for students identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals.
Carbon dioxide capture by new DBU‐based DES: The relationship between ionicity and absorptive capacity
Authors: Fu Hui , Hou Yunpeng , Sang Haina , Mu Tiancheng , Lin Xufeng , Peng Zhihua , Li Peng , Liu Jinhe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU)/imine, DBU/imide DESs were designed and synthesized as CO2 trapping agents. Toward this end, the optimal absorption temperature and the maximum absorption capacity were determined. It was found that ionicity is a key factor to affect the absorption capacity of CO2. Combined with the ionicity calculation, a new CO2 capture mechanism has been proposed. HBD in DES can be divided into two parts. One can undergo proton transfer, obeying anion 2:1 absorption, whereas the other, without proton transfer, is amine 1:1 absorption. The degree of proton transfer in DES determines the ionicity and affects the absorption performance. The DFT calculation results confirmed this mechanism by micro perspective. DBU/2‐Pyrrolidinone and DBU/Oxazolidinone were proved to be good CO2 trapping agents with high absorption capacity, being 1.064 mol CO2/mol DES and 0.827 mol CO2/mol DES, respectively, and excellent recyclability when the mole ratio of HBA:HBD is 2:1.
Highly selective fluorescence detection of Cu2+ based on Schiff base functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas
Authors: Gao Meng , Xing Chenchen , Jiang Xiaoping , Xu Lijie , Li Peihai , Hsiao Chung‐Der 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel copper ion sensing periodic mesoporous organosilica (SCN‐PMO) was obtained by incorporating a Schiff base‐based fluorescent receptor into the pore walls of mesoporous silica, which exhibited a well ordered mesoporous structure and excellent optical properties demonstrated by various characterization results. SCN‐PMO possessed high selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ based on its specific fluorescence response. The detection limit of SCN‐PMO could be as low as 6.7 × 10−7 M. Due to protection of the silica network, SCN chromophores in PMOs exhibited higher photostability and the resulting material possessed great repeatability. Additionally, the fluorescence changes of SCN‐PMO towards copper ions in vivo (zebrafish) showed that SCN‐PMO has potential application as a nanoprobe in biological fields.
Development of parvalbumin neurons and perineuronal nets in the visual cortex of normal and dark‐exposed cats
Authors: Aronitz Elise M. , Kamermans Braden A. , Duffy Kevin R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring development, the visual system maintains a high capacity for modification by expressing characteristics permissive for plasticity, enabling neural circuits to be refined by visual experience to achieve their mature form. This period is followed by the emergence of characteristics that stabilize the brain to consolidate for lifetime connections that were informed by experience. Attenuation of plasticity potential is thought to derive from an accumulation of plasticity‐inhibiting characteristics that appear at ages beyond the peak of plasticity. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are molecular aggregations that primarily surround fast‐spiking inhibitory neurons called parvalbumin (PV) cells, which exhibit properties congruent with a plasticity inhibitor. In this study, we examined the development of PNNs and PV cells in the primary visual cortex of a highly visual mammal, and assessed the impact that 10 days of darkness had on both characteristics. Here, we show that labeling for PV expression emerges earlier and reaches adult levels sooner than PNNs. We also demonstrate that darkness, a condition known to enhance plasticity, significantly reduces the density of PNNs and the size of PV cell somata but does not alter the number of PV cells in the visual cortex. The darkness‐induced reduction of PV cell size occurred irrespective of whether neurons were surrounded by a PNN, suggesting that PNNs have a restricted capacity to inhibit plasticity. Finally, we show that PV cells surrounded by a PNN were significantly larger than those without one, supporting the view that PNNs may mediate trophic support to the cells they surround.
The influence of lithology on stream metabolism in headwater systems
Authors: Cargill Samantha K. , Segura Catalina , Villamizar Sandra R. , Warren Dana R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhysical disturbances in streams have important effects on rates of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Underlying lithology can control sediment size, amount, and evolution in the stream, influencing substrate stability and in turn benthic organisms. We assessed patterns of disturbance and recovery for metabolic processes of GPP and ER associated with periods of increased flow and suspended sediment flux between December and April in two streams in the Oregon Coast Range with differing lithologies (basalt and sandstone). The results of whole‐stream metabolism modelling indicate that the two study streams have varying patterns of response and recovery rates after storm events. Both streams were heterotrophic during the entirety of the study period with changes in heterotrophy driven by changes in ER. Poststorm GPP decreased in both streams, but the basalt basin had greater proportional decreases and recovered slower than the sandstone basin. This result was unexpected and appeared to be associated with lower light availability in the basalt basin driven by increased turbidity during storm events; the coarser basalt substrate weathers into smaller size fractions than the finer sandstone substrate, remaining in suspension over longer periods and limiting light availability to benthic primary producers. The rates of ER in the sandstone basin did not change from prestorm to poststorm, whereas rates of ER in the basalt basin had varying responses. Overall, our results indicated that the underlying lithology of small mountain streams can drive variability in GPP by controlling sediment size and light availability during storms events.
Environment–host–microbial interactions shape the Sarraceniapurpurea microbiome at the continental scale
Authors: Freedman Zachary B. , McGrew Alicia , Baiser Benjamin , Besson Mathilde , Gravel Dominique , Poisot Timothée , Record Sydne , Trotta Lauren B. , Gotelli Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe importance of climate, habitat structure, and higher trophic levels on microbial diversity is only beginning to be understood. Here, we examined the influence of climate variables, plant morphology, and the abundance of aquatic invertebrates on the microbial biodiversity of the northern pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. The plant's cup‐shaped leaves fill with rainwater and support a miniature, yet full‐fledged, ecosystem with a diverse microbiome that decomposes captured prey and a small network of shredding and filter‐feeding aquatic invertebrates that feed on microbes. We characterized pitcher microbiomes of 108 plants sampled at 36 sites from Florida to Quebec. Structural equation models revealed that annual precipitation and temperature, plant size, and midge abundance had direct effects on microbiome taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Climate variables also exerted indirect effects through plant size and midge abundance. Further, spatial structure and climate influenced taxonomic composition, but not phylogenetic composition. Our results suggest that direct effects of midge abundance and climate and indirect effects of climate through its effect on plant‐associated factors lead to greater richness of microbial phylotypes in warmer, wetter sites.
The role of cGAS/STING in intestinal immunity
Authors: Wottawa Felix , Bordoni Dora , Baran Nathan , Rosenstiel Philip , Aden Konrad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract is a highly complex microenvironment under constant interaction with potentially harmful pathogens. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an archetypical inflammatory disease, in which the intestinal epithelium, defective autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysbiosis play a key role.Although no risk‐mediating gene variants of STING (TMEM173) have been identified so far, several seminal findings have elucidated a novel understanding of STING in the context of acute and chronic inflammation. STING, an endoplasmic reticulum resident adaptor protein binding cyclic dinucleotides, is a main inducer of type I interferons and canonically involved in antiviral and antibacterial immunity. Recent research has shed light on additional features of STING signaling involved in regulating the microbiota, facilitating autophagy, cell death or ER stress. Importantly, an increasing amount of studies suggests a considerable overlap of IBD pathophysiology and features of STING signaling. Since compelling evidence shows dysregulated type I IFNs in IBD, it is prompting to speculate on the hypothetical role of cGAS/STING/type I IFN signaling in IBD.Here, we summarize recent findings about the origin and function of STING signaling in the gastrointestinal tract and evolve the hypothesis that disturbed STING signaling might be profoundly interconnected with the pathophysiology of IBD.
Does the length of institutionalization matter? Longitudinal follow‐up of persons with severe mental illness 65 years and older: shorter‐stay versus longer‐stay
Authors: Finkel Deborah , Bülow Pia H , Wilińska Monika , Jegermalm Magnus , Torgé Cristina Joy , Ernsth Bravell Marie , Bülow Per 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesAs part of the process of de‐institutionalization in the Swedish mental healthcare system, a reform was implemented in 1995, moving the responsibility for services and social support for people with severe mental illness (SMI) from the regional level to the municipalities. In many ways, older people with SMI were neglected in this changing landscape of psychiatric care. The aim of this study is to investigate functional levels, living conditions, need of support in daily life, and how these aspects changed over time for older people with SMI.MethodsIn this study we used data from surveys collected in 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 and data from national registers. A group of older adults with severe persistent mental illness (SMI‐O:P) was identified and divided into those who experienced shorter stays (less than 3 years) in a mental hospital (N = 118) and longer stays (N = 117).ResultsAfter correcting for longitudinal changes with age, the longer‐stay group was more likely than the shorter‐stay group to experience functional difficulties and as a result, were more likely to have experienced ‘re‐institutionalization’ to another care setting, as opposed to living independently.ConclusionsThe length of mental illness hospitalization has significant effects on the living conditions of older people with SMI and their ability to participate in social life.
Diaphragmatic dysfunction at the first visit to a chest diseases outpatient clinic in 500 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pihtili Aylin , Bingol Zuleyha , Durmus Hacer , Parman Yesim , Kiyan Esen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn this study, we aimed to evaluate diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) by using a practical approach in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the first visit to a chest diseases outpatient clinic.MethodsPatients with ALS seen in our outpatient clinic for the past 5 y and followed up for at least 1 y, were retrospectively evaluated. Having at least one of the following three criteria was accepted as DD: (a) paradoxical abdominal movement (PAM), (b) sitting‐supine forced vital capacity (FVC) difference ≥ 20%, (c) sitting‐supine arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) difference ≥ 4%. Respiratory symptoms, arterial blood gas analysis, sleep studies, noninvasive mechanical ventilation use, and mortality were recorded.ResultsFive‐hundred patients with ALS were included (female/male: 220/280, age: 58.9 ± 11.3 y). Of the patients, 22.8% had daytime hypercapnia. DD was observed in 55% of the patients (PAM in 112, sitting‐supine FVC difference ≥ 20% in 50, and sitting‐supine SpO2 difference ≥ 4% in 113 patients). Of the patients with DD, 31.6% (n = 87) had no respiratory symptoms, 46.4% had FVC > 70% and 33.5% had FVC <50%. Nocturnal hypoxemia (sleep time spent with SpO2 < 90% ≥30%) was present in 59.7%, and all patients with nocturnal hypoxemia had DD. Obstructive sleep apnea (8 severe, 14 moderate, 39 mild) was detected in 55% of the patients with polysomnography (n = 61) or polygraphy (n = 50). During follow‐up, 52.2% of the patients died. Mean survival time was shorter in patients with DD (P < .001).ConclusionParadoxical abdomimal movement (PAM), sitting‐supine SpO2 difference ≥ 4% and sitting‐supine FVC difference ≥ 20% are indicators of DD, which should be routinely evaluated at every outpatient visit.
Evaluation of Recently Implemented Harvest Regulations in a Data-Limited Catfish Fishery with Bayesian Estimation
Authors: Oliver Devon C. , Rude Neil P. , Whitledge Gregory W. , Stich Daniel S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In 2015, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources changed size and harvest limits for catfishes (Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus, Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, and Channel Catfish I. punctatus) in the lower Ohio River to match those of neighboring states. The new regulations imposed a daily limit of one 88.9-cm (35-in) or larger Blue or Flathead Catfish per fisher, one 71.1-cm (28-in) or larger Channel Catfish per fisher, and a 33.0-cm (13-in) minimum length limit for all species, with no harvest restrictions between these limit lengths (permissive slot). When these management regulations were implemented, potential efficacy was unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of these regulations using the limited data for baseline demographic parameters. Bayesian modeling was used to estimate growth and mortality because of the ability to estimate derived functions of parameters and associated uncertainty (as credible intervals). Yield-per-recruit (YPR) modeling was used to estimate and evaluate the fishing mortality rates (F) that would induce growth overfishing (FMAX) and the yield at FMAX (YPRMAX) for three management scenarios: no harvest restrictions (former regulation), a 33.0-cm minimum length limit, and the enacted permissive slot limits. Model results suggested that catfish stocks are unlikely to benefit from current regulations given the near-complete overlap of YPRMAX credible intervals for all estimable scenarios and the small significant differences (1–3%) based on FMAX between the most permissive and most restrictive scenarios. Despite the existence of significant differences in FMAX, they are likely biologically irrelevant based on the life histories of these species. Although modeling results suggested that the implemented harvest regulations will not likely affect catfish population demographics or fishery yield in the lower Ohio River, a post hoc evaluation examining the accuracy of these predictions is needed and would improve the accuracy and precision of parameter estimates.
Investigation of the aquaporin‐2 gating mechanism with molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Hadidi Hooman , Kamali Reza , Binesh Alireza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAquaporin‐2 plays a vital role in the human kidney as a water passage channel. Any disorder with its function can cause water imbalance and consequently disease in humans, especially nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). For this reason, an accurate understanding of its performance can be useful for therapeutic purposes. In this article, we investigate the gating mechanism induced by spontaneous fluctuations in aquaporin‐2's (AQP2) channels in the palmitoyl‐oleoyl‐phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine lipid bilayer by molecular dynamics. Our results show that the selectivity filter (SF) in AQP2 is also a gating site depending on the side‐chain conformation of His172. The important role of His172 in modulating the wide and narrow conformations has been further investigated by the simulation of the H172G mutant. The osmotic permeability values of all four monomers are in the range of wide state and the average is very close to that of the wide channel formed by wild‐type AQP2. Moreover, by calculating the osmotic permeability and the potential of mean force of each of the AQP2 monomers for wide/narrow states of the SF, it is seen that the SF at its narrow conformation can induce a much larger energy barrier for water molecules permeation, hindering the transport of water molecules remarkably. The reason for the discrepancy among osmotic permeabilities of different monomers of aquaporins is revealed by investigating the osmotic permeability of each monomer through the wide/narrow states of their SF.
Structural analysis of the β‐sheet edge of peptide self‐assembly using a model protein
Authors: Shiga Shota , Makabe Koki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPeptides and proteins self‐assemble into β‐sheet‐rich fibrils, amyloid, which extends its structure by incorporating peptide/protein molecules from solution. At the elongation edge, the peptide/protein molecule binds to the edge of the amyloid β‐sheet. Such processes are transient and elusive when observing molecular details by experimental methods. We used a model protein system, peptide self‐assembly mimic (PSAM), which mimics an amyloid‐like structure within a globular protein by capping both edges of single‐layer β sheet (SLB) with certain domains. We constructed a PSAM variant that lacks the capping domain on the C‐terminal side to observe the structure of the β‐sheet edge of the peptide self‐assembly. This variant, which we termed PSAM‐edge, proved to be soluble with a monomeric form. Urea‐induced unfolding experiments revealed that PSAM‐edge displayed two‐state cooperative unfolding, indicating the N‐terminal capping domain and extended SLB folded as one unit. The crystal structure showed that SLB was almost completely structured except for a few terminal residues. A molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that the SLB structure was retained while the C‐terminal four residues fluctuated, which was consistent with the crystal structure. Our findings indicate that SLB is stable even when one side of the β‐sheet edge is exposed to a solvent. This stability may prevent the dissociation of the attached peptide from the peptide self‐assembly. Because of the scarcity of SLB proteins with exposed β‐sheet edges in nature, successful construction of the PSAM‐edge expands our understanding of protein folding and design.
Formation of a low‐level barrier jet and its modulation by dust radiative forcing over the Hexi Corridor in Central China on March 17, 2010
Authors: Chen Shu‐Hua , McDowell Bruce , Huang Chu‐Chun , Nathan Terrence R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA low‐level barrier jet (LLBJ) formed along the northeast slope of the Tibetan Plateau on March 17, 2010. The LLBJ was accompanied by a major dust event. Numerical simulations conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting dust (WRF‐dust) model show that the formation of the LLBJ was primarily due to mid‐level, southeastward descent of high momentum air, which impinged on the north slope of the Tibetan Plateau, resulting in ageostrophic flow acceleration under geostrophic adjustment. The LLBJ was reinforced by the Bernoulli effect, where the physical barrier associated with the Tibetan Plateau to the southwest and the virtual barrier associated with sloped, packed isentropic surfaces to the northeast combined to constrict the air flow, thus augmenting the acceleration of the air as it entered the Hexi Corridor. The simulations show that the LLBJ, which stayed close to the western entrance of the Hexi Corridor, gradually descended during the daytime until early evening. During this period, the core of the LLBJ stayed directly above the 302‐K isentropic surface. The LLBJ, which was located to the south of the main dust plume, was modulated by dust radiative heating and cooling. Over the main dust plume, as well as in the LLBJ region, radiative heating of the dust warmed the upper part of the boundary layer and cooled it below, which stabilized the boundary layer, decreased the boundary layer depth, and reduced the vertical mixing, causing the surface winds to weaken. As a consequence of the feedback between the circulation and the dust radiative forcing, the total dust emission was reduced by ∼9.7–11% and peaked 1–2 hr earlier than without dust radiative effects, while the LLBJ's intensity, which was 1–2 m·s−1 stronger, was better maintained within the boundary layer during the daytime until early evening.