bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of predominant microorganisms occurring on the concrete structures from selected locations
Authors: Holosova M , Estokova A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of the predominant microorganisms that effects structures of cementitious composites, which lead to biocorrosion, subsequently to the degradation of cementitious materials. Research is done by sampling of specimens taken from selected parts of the city of Košice. The sampling was mainly focused on insulated apartment panel buildings, part of the specimens was taken from uninsulated concrete and masonry plastered surfaces. Specimens were taken with sterile lab tubes, scalpels, and swabs by using dry, semi-dry and wet methods. The specimens were preserved in the cold place until their performance for the cultivation process. For cultivation purposes were important to prepare basal media for specimens of microorganisms and proceed isolation of cultures and their cultivation on appropriate media, identification of individual cultures. Data obtained after cultivation confirmed presence of predominant fungi genus such as Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium, Eutypella, Penicillium, Rhodotorula, Mucor, which create the ground for further research focused on the durability of cement paste based on secondary raw materials and their resistance against the predominant groups of microorganisms occurring in the objective location also by using extracts of several herbals as a prevention of microbial growth.
Identity, urbanity and division of housing estates in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kuta D , Teichmann M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The housing estates were built on the basis of the urban concept as a whole. These units can be viewed with a certain development potential, which they hide in the framework of a sustainable increase in the quality of life. All housing functions, not only in the housing estate, are decisive for the development of the whole society. In the sphere of housing, a person is born, formed and developed as a social and cultural being, therefore it is necessary to deal with the issue of identity, urbanity and the division of housing estates.
Intelligent and efficient parking solutions
Authors: Miksikova S , Kuda F , Steinova I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The high demand for mobility around the world means a constant increase in road traffic and a deterioration in parking spaces. The paper focuses on the issue of automatic parking systems in the Czech Republic. It defines automatic parking, functionality and also informs about the possibility of using BIM. It describes in detail the systems located in the city of Ostrava.
The importance of innovation in terms of a sustainable entrepreneurship in environment
Authors: Štverková H , Czerná K , Pohludka M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to define the importance of innovation in terms of a sustainable entrepreneurship in environment. The framework is based on a typology of sustainable entrepreneurship, and the application of an entrepreneurial approach in meeting societal goals and changing market contexts, and is related to sustainability innovation. The framework provides guidance to managers on how to implement sustainability innovations and strive for sustainable business.
Application of a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Principal Component Regression (PCR) Chemometric Method for the Quantification of Respirable Crystalline Silica (Quartz), Kaolinite, and Coal in Coal Mine Dusts from Australia, UK, and South Africa
Authors: Stacey Peter , Clegg Francis , Rhyder Gary , Sammon Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article describes the approach used to assess the performance of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and principal component regression (PCR) chemometric method when measuring respirable quartz, kaolinite, and coal in samples from a variety of mines from different countries; relative to target assigned values determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). For comparison, FTIR results using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method are also available. Bulk dusts from 10 Australian mines were scanned using XRD and grouped into three sets based on the levels of quartz, kaolinite, and feldspar within their crystalline mineral composition. Prediction samples were generated from 5 of these Australian mine dusts, Durrans coal dust, 2 mine dusts from the UK, and a single South African mine dust (71 samples in total) by collecting the aerosolized respirable dust onto 25-mm diameter polyvinylchloride filters using the Safety in Mines Personal Dust Sampler (SIMPEDS) operating at 2.2 l min−1. The predicted values from the FTIR chemometric methods were compared with assigned target values determined using a direct on-aerosol filter XRD analysis method described in Method for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) 101. Limits of detection (LOD) and uncertainty values for each analyte were calculated from a linear regression between target and predicted values. The uncertainty was determined using the calibration uncertainty equation for an unweighted regression. FTIR results from PCR and PLSR are very similar. For the PCR method, the LOD for quartz, kaolinite, and coal were 5, 25, and 71 µg, respectively. For quartz, an LOD of 5 µg corresponds to an airborne quartz concentration of 10 µg m−3, assuming a 4-h sampling time and collection flow rate of 2.2 l min−1. The FTIR measurement met the expected performance criteria outlined in ISO 20581 when sampling quartz for more than 4 h using a flow rate of 2.2 l min−1 at a concentration of 0.1 mg m−3 (100 µg m−3), the current workplace exposure limit in Great Britain. This method met the same performance criteria when measuring exposures at the Australian Workplace Exposure Standard (WES) concentration of 0.05 mg m−3, although in this case a sampling period greater than 8 h was needed.
The Length of Schooling and the Timing of Family Formation
Authors: Koebe Josefine , Marcus Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndividuals typically traverse several life phases before forming a family. We analyze whether changing the duration of one of these phases, the education phase, affects the timing of marriage and childbearing. For this purpose, we exploit the introduction of short school years (SSYs) in Germany in 1966–1967, which compressed the education phase without affecting the curriculum. Based on difference-in-differences regressions and German Micro Census data, we find that SSY exposure affects the timing of marriage for individuals in all secondary school tracks and shifts forward the birth of the first child mainly for academic-track graduates. This highlights that education policies might not only affect family formation through human capital accumulation, but also through changing the duration of earlier life phases. This is important as not only age at marriage and first birth increases in many countries, but also the duration of the education phase. (JEL codes: I26, J12, J13, J24)
Rheumatoid arthritis with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a retrospective, single-centre cohort study
Authors: Takei Hiroshi , Nishina Naoshi , Namkoong Ho , Suzuki Katsuya , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Hasegawa Naoki , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a rare but important comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our objective was to investigate the association between NTM-PD and RA, especially regarding the immunosuppressive treatment of RA such as biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, single-centre cohort study. All RA patients regularly followed up at our rheumatology division in December 2012 were included in the study, and followed for 5 years.

Results
At baseline, 26 of 1639 RA patients had NTM-PD. During the observation period, 14 were newly diagnosed with NTM-PD. For new diagnosis of NTM-PD, bDMARD use at baseline was not a significant risk factor. Among the 40 patients with NTM-PD, 16 were treated with a total of 27 bDMARDs after NTM-PD diagnosis. They did not present with a greater exacerbation of NTM-PD than those not treated with bDMARDs (25 vs. 17%, p = .52). A total of 55 patients died, but nobody died of NTM-PD. NTM-PD was not associated with worse mortality in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.6–6.4; p = .26).

Conclusions
Biological DMARD was not associated with worse prognosis of NTM-PD. Careful use of bDMARDs could be tolerated in RA patients with NTM-PD.
The Kingdom of Guatemala as a Cultural Crossroads
Authors: Leavitt-Alcántara Brianna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study of colonial Central American history, particularly its cultural history, remains in a nascent stage of development compared to that of other parts of colonial Spanish America such as Mexico and Peru. This partly reflects historical study’s “center–periphery paradigm,” which has tended to concentrate scholarly attention on powerful political and economic centers while neglecting places like Central America, deemed as peripheral. Twentieth-century civil wars and political violence impeded archival research and also directed research agendas toward modern historical topics. Over the last thirty years, a small but lively field has expanded in exciting directions including the following four: colonial religious encounters and the emergence of diverse Mayan Christianities; Afro-Central American society and culture; women, sexuality, and gender in urban society; and the images, ideas, and innovations that brought Central Americans closer together but also sparked controversies and conflicts over the long eighteenth century, here defined roughly as 1670 to 1820.
Women in Central America since Independence
Authors: Rodríguez Sáenz Eugenia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the struggle to reduce gender inequalities, women were recognized as having rights during the liberal reform movements and achieved greater access to education in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They then began to form their own organizations, demand voting rights, and join major social struggles. In the mid-twentieth century, women began to modernize their living conditions in the context of the Cold War, development policies, and broader access to contraceptive methods that allowed them greater control over their reproductive capacity. At the same time, they gained a greater foothold in the labor market and education, began to become professionals, and joined movements promoting the democratization of their societies, including through armed struggle. Beginning in the 1990s, pro-feminist laws and institutions were created throughout the region, against which conservative religious and neoliberal forces have pushed back. Despite important gains, the progress achieved by women has been strongly influenced by class, ethnic, generational, and geographical differences, so young, urban, White, and mixed-race women of the middle and upper classes have been able to take better advantage of the new opportunities than have their indigenous, Afro-descendant, rural, working-class, and older counterparts.
Racial Differences in Iliac Crest Cancellous Bone Composition
Authors: Cho Woojin , Nessim Adam , Gartenberg Ariella , Sekerak Richard , Brill Sam , Lian Jayson , Sperling Karen , Chang Dong-Gune 
Published: December 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine whether race, specifically American white and American black, correlates with the ratio of cancellous to total bone at the iliac crest.

Summary of Background Data:
Studies have demonstrated higher proximal femur bone density in American blacks than American whites. However, whether differences occur at the iliac crest, a common site for autologous graft material in spinal fusion surgery, is not well studied. Understanding such differences could aid orthopedic surgeon decision-making regarding graft options.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on 133 sequential patients ages 18–75 who underwent computed tomography scan of the pelvis, at a single academic medical center from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2016. The cohort included 46 American white (21 females, 25 males) and 87 American black participants (40 females, 37 males), an average age of 51.8 years. Groups were matched regarding age, sex, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Score. Measurements of cortical and cancellous bone thickness in the right and left iliac crests were performed using bone window protocol on computed tomography scans. Statistical significance was determined using a 2-tailed t test.

Results:
The interobserver interclass correlation coefficient reliability (N=2) for measurements at the right iliac crest is 0.895 (95% confidence interval, 0.852–0.925), and the interclass correlation coefficient for the left iliac crest is 0.912 (95% confidence interval, 0.877–0.938). A statistically significant difference in the mean cancellous bone ratio was found between American black (0.667±0.065) and American white (0.750±0.051) groups (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
At the iliac crest, American black patients had a lower mean ratio of cancellous to the total bone as compared with American white patients. This population may benefit from alternative graft options. While iliac crest autograft remains the first option for fusion surgeries, alternative options should be considered to ensure that each patient receives the best-personalized care.
Auto-intestine transplantation for pancreatic tumors with mesenteric root involvement: a systematic review and survival-based analysis
Authors: Yadav Dipesh Kumar , Huang Xing , Zhang Qi , Zhang Gang , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To analyze a long-term survival outcome of an auto-intestine transplantation (aINTx) for the patients with locally advanced pancreatic tumor and identify the potential prognostic factors, databases were carefully searched for the studies reporting the patients with a locally advanced pancreatic tumor which typically underwent aINTx. We performed a database search using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE to identify multiple case series of the patients who had pancreatic tumors with mesenteric root involvement and underwent aINTx, to evaluate the treatment outcomes, and calculated the patient survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to properly identify an independent predictor of the survival. A total of 9 retrospective studies with a total of 29 patients were included in our study. The calculated 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates for the patients with pancreatic cancer and benign or low grade pancreatic tumors were 49.64%, 22.06%, and 0% versus 100%, 100%, and 80%, respectively. The corresponding median survival time was 13.4 months and 84 months, respectively. Moreover, when stratifying the pancreatic cancer patients undergoing aINTx on the basis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (aINTx + neoadjuvant vs aINTx - neoadjuvant) there was a significant difference in the survival (P = .01). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 75% and 75% versus 34.1% and 0%, respectively. Corresponding median survival times were 24 months and 10 months, respectively. Our analysis shows the long-term survival benefit with acceptable morbidity and mortality of pancreatoduodenectomy and aINTx for the pancreatic tumors with the mesenteric root involvement that are otherwise unresectable by the conventional surgical techniques. However, from an oncological point of view, a larger study with the control group is required to determine its safety compared to less aggressive surgical treatment.
Effect of adrenaline dose on neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide propensity score analysis
Authors: Jaeger Deborah , Baert Valentine , Javaudin Francois , Debaty Guillaume , Duhem Helene , Koger Jonathan , Gueugniaud Pierre-Yves , Tazarourte Karim , El Khoury Carlos , Hubert Herve , Chouihed Tahar ,   on behalf of GR-RéAC
Published: December 2021

Background
Adrenaline is recommended during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The optimal dose remains debated, and the effect of lower than recommended dose is unknown.

Objective
To compare the outcome of patients treated with the recommended, lower or higher cumulative doses of adrenaline.

Design, settings, participants
Patients were included from the French National Cardiac Arrest Registry and were grouped based on the received dose of adrenaline: recommended, higher and lower dose.

Outcome measures and analysis
The primary endpoint was good neurologic outcome at 30 days post-OHCA, defined by a cerebral performance category (CPC) of less than 3. Secondary endpoints included return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital discharge. A multiple propensity score adjustment approach was performed.

Main results
27 309 patients included from July 1st 2011 to January 1st 2019 were analysed, mean age was 68 (57–78) years and 11.2% had ventricular fibrillation. 588 (2.2%) patients survived with a good CPC score. After adjustment, patients in the high dose group had a significant lower rate of good neurologic outcome (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5–0.7). There was no significant difference for the primary endpoint in the lower dose group (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7–1.1). There was a lower rate of survival to hospital discharge in the high-dose group vs. standard group (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.5–0.6).

Conclusion
The use of lower doses of adrenaline was not associated with a significant difference on survival good neurologic outcomes at D30. But a higher dose of adrenaline was associated with a lower rate of survival with good neurological outcomes and poorer survival at D30.
Standardization of Care Reduces Length of Stay for Postoperative Congenital Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Cosgrove Tara C. , Carlozzi Lauren N. , Dolan Kevin F. , Gleeson Sean P. , Johnson Lanette L. , Cassidy Steven C. , Gajarski Robert J. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common congenital malformation, often requires surgical correction. As surgical mortality rates are low, a common quality marker linked with surgical outcomes is hospital length of stay (LOS). Reduced LOS is associated with better long-term outcomes, reduced hospital-acquired complications, and improved patient-family satisfaction. This project aimed to reduce aggregate median postoperative LOS for four CHD lesions from a baseline of 6.2 days by 10%.

Methods:
This single-center study utilized the Institute for Healthcare Improvement model to achieve the project aim. A diuretic wean protocol implemented in April 2018 entailed weaning to a homegoing diuretic regimen upon transfer from the cardiac intensive care unit to the inpatient step-down unit. A discharge milestone checklist implemented in September 2018 contained milestones necessary for discharge and an anticipated date of discharge. Outcome measures included aggregate median postoperative LOS and ∆LOS. Balancing measures included cardiac intensive care unit bounce back, pleural chest tube replacement, and readmission rates.

Results:
Our baseline aggregate median postoperative LOS for the lesions studied was 6.2 days. Following diuretic protocol implementation, the aggregate median LOS decreased to 4.4 days. Baseline ∆LOS decreased from 5.5 to 0.42 days. Postoperative cost fell by an average of $11,874. Balancing measures demonstrated no unintended consequences.

Conclusions:
Implementation of a diuretic wean protocol led to sustained improvement in postoperative LOS, and ∆LOS in a subset of CHD patients with no unintended consequences supporting that standardization of postoperative care is effective for improvement efforts and can reduce overall practice variation.
Utilizing High-fidelity Simulators in Improving Trainee Confidence and Competency in Code Management
Authors: Tufts Lauren M. , Hensley Christina A. , Frazier Marie D. , Hossino Deena , Domanico Renee S. , Harris Jeffrey K. , Flesher Susan L. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Simulation training is central in preparing practitioners for code management that is free from patient harm.
1
The purpose of this study was to determine if using a high-fidelity simulator in pediatric code education would improve trainee confidence and competency compared with the use of a traditional mannequin in the same setting.

Methods:
Fifty-third-year medical students participated in Pediatric Advanced Life Support code training, including a mock code scenario. Students were randomized into two groups and assigned to a simulator group: high-fidelity simulator (Group 1) or traditional mannequin (Group 2). To assess competency, trainees were evaluated using a checklist of required verbalized items or performed during the mock code scenario. To assess confidence, trainees completed pre- and postintervention confidence surveys, which were collected and compared.

Results:
Both Group 1 and Group 2 reported increased overall confidence in code management upon completion of their training. Although confidence increased universally, Group 1 reported increased confidence over that of Group 2 in three specific areas: ability to treat respiratory arrest, ability to run a code, and knowledge of the Pediatric Advanced Life Support algorithm. Group 1 also demonstrated increased competency in code management compared with Group 2 in four key code components: checking airway, checking breathing, checking pulses, and checking capillary refill.

Conclusions:
Trainee confidence increases after completion of Pediatric Advanced Life Support code training, regardless of simulator type utilized. However, trainees were more competent in code management when trained using a high-fidelity simulator compared with a traditional mannequin.
Single Molecule Analysis of differential functional mechanisms of MtRecG while being exposed to variants of stalled replication-fork
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Debolina , Mishra Padmaja P 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHelicases are motor proteins involved in multiple activities to carry out manipulation of the nucleic acids for efficient gene regulation. In case of roadblocks that can lead the replication machinery to get halted, a complex molecular surveillance system utilizing helicases as its key player ensures the halted fork to resume its duplication process. RecG, belonging to the category of Superfamily-2 plays a vital role in rescuing different kinds of stalled fork. Here, through adoption of single-molecule techniques we have attempted to probe the DNA unwinding features by RecG and tried to capture several stages of genetic rearrangement. An elevated processivity of RecG has been observed for the kinds of stalled fork where progression of lagging daughter strand is ahead than that of the leading strand. Through precise alteration of its function in terms of unwinding, depending upon the substrate DNA, RecG catalyzes the formation of Holliday junction from a stalled fork DNA. In summary, we have featured that RecG adopts asymmetric mode of locomotion to unwind the lagging daughter strand to facilitate Holliday junction creation which acts as a suitable intermediate for recombinational repair pathway.