bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A minimal model for structure, dynamics, and tension of monolayered cell colonies
Authors: Sarkar Debarati , Gompper Gerhard , Elgeti Jens 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe motion of cells in tissues is an ubiquitous phenomenon. In particular, in monolayered cell colonies in vitro, pronounced collective behavior with swirl-like motion has been observed deep within a cell colony, while at the same time, the colony remains cohesive, with not a single cell escaping at the edge. Thus, the colony displays liquid-like properties inside, in coexistence with a cell-free “vacuum” outside. We propose an active Brownian particle model with attraction, in which the interaction potential has a broad minimum to give particles enough wiggling space to be collectively in the fluid state. We demonstrate that for moderate propulsion, this model can generate the fluid-vacuum coexistence described above. In addition, the combination of the fluid nature of the colony with cohesion leads to preferred orientation of the cell polarity, pointing outward, at the edge, which in turn gives rise to a tensile stress in the colony—as observed experimentally for epithelial sheets. For stronger propulsion, collective detachment of cell clusters is predicted. Further addition of an alignment preference of cell polarity and velocity direction results in enhanced coordinated, swirl-like motion, increased tensile stress and cell-cluster detachment.
Country-level conditions like prosperity, democracy, and regulatory culture predict individual climate change belief
Authors: Levi Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDecades after the scientific community agreed on the existence of human-made climate change, substantial parts of the world’s population remain unaware or unconvinced that human activity is responsible for climate change. Belief in human-made climate change continues to vary strongly within and across different countries. Here I analyse data collected by the Gallup World Poll between 2007 and 2010 on individual attitudes across 143 countries, using a random forest model, to show that country-level conditions like environmental protection, civil liberty, and economic development are highly predictive of individual climate change belief. Individual education and internet access, in contrast, are correlated to climate change awareness, but much less to belief in climate change’s anthropogenic causes. I also identify non-linear pattern in which country-level circumstances relate to individual climate change belief. The local importance of most predictors varies strongly across countries, indicating that each country has its relatively unique set of correlates of climate change belief.
A shift in the ocean circulation has warmed the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean since 2016
Authors: Desbruyères Damien , Chafik Léon , Maze Guillaume 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Subpolar North Atlantic is known for rapid reversals of decadal temperature trends, with ramifications encompassing the large-scale meridional overturning and gyre circulations, Arctic heat and mass balances, or extreme continental weather. Here, we combine datasets derived from sustained ocean observing systems (satellite and in situ), idealized observation-based modelling (advection-diffusion of a passive tracer), and a machine learning technique (ocean profile clustering) to document and explain the most-recent and ongoing cooling-to-warming transition of the Subpolar North Atlantic. Following a gradual cooling of the region that was persisting since 2006, a surface-intensified and large-scale warming sharply emerged in 2016 following an ocean circulation shift that enhanced the northeastward penetration of warm and saline waters from the western subtropics. The long ocean memory of the Subpolar North Atlantic implies that this advection-driven warming is likely to persist in the near-future with possible implications for the Atlantic multidecadal variability and its global impacts.
A superhydrophobic covalent zeolitic imidazolate framework-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrid material as a highly efficient and reusable sorbent for organic solvents
Authors: Loganathan Pushparaj , K. K. R. Datta , Shanmugan Swaminathan 
Published: February 2021

A robust, fluorine-free, superhydrophobic ZIF-POSS hybrid material is prepared by a post-covalent reaction between ZIF-90 and POSS-NH2 via imine bond formation. The ZIF-POSS material is highly effective and reusable sorbent for organic solvents.
Numerical modeling of lander interaction with a low-gravity asteroid regolith surface
Authors: Thuillet Florian , Zhang Yun , Michel Patrick , Biele Jens , Kameda Shingo , Sugita Seiji , Tatsumi Eri , Schwartz Stephen R. , Ballouz Ronald-Louis 
Published: February 2021

Context.The JAXA asteroid sample return mission Hayabusa2 reached its target (162173) Ryugu in June 2018 and released the European (CNES-DLR) lander MASCOT in October 2018. MASCOT successfully landed on the surface, and the Hayabusa2 Optical Navigation Camera system has been able to image parts of the MASCOT trajectory.Aims.This work builds on our previous study of interactions between a landing package and a granular material in the context of MASCOT on Ryugu. The purpose is to expand our knowledge on this topic and to help constrain physical properties of surfaces by considering the actual trajectory of MASCOT and observations of Ryugu from Hayabusa2.Methods.We ran a new campaign of numerical simulations using theN-body codepkdgravwith the soft-sphere discrete element method by expanding the parameter space to characterize the actual landing scenario of MASCOT on Ryugu. The surface was modeled as a granular medium, but we also considered a large boulder in the bed at various depths and a rigid wall representing a cliff. MASCOT was faithfully modeled as the actual lander, and we considered different impact angles, speeds, and surface slopes. We were particularly interested in the outgoing-to-incoming speed ratio of MASCOT during the landing process.Results.We found that a boulder in the bed generally increases both the stochasticity of the outcomes and the speed ratio, with larger increases when the boulder sits closer to the surface. We also found that the surface slope does not affect our previous results and that the impact speed does not affect the speed ratio for moderate-friction granular material. Finally, we found that a speed ratio as low as 0.3, as estimated in the actual scenario, can occur with a solid-rock surface, not only with a soft surface, because the geometry of the lander is nonspherical. This means that we must infer the physical properties of the surface from outcomes such as the speed ratio with caution: it depends on the lander geometry.
Properties of stream interaction regions at Earth and Mars during the declining phase of SC 24
Authors: Geyer Paul , Temmer Manuela , Guo Jingnan , Heinemann Stephan G. 
Published: February 2021

Aims.We inspect the evolution of stream interaction regions (SIRs) from Earth to Mars, covering the distance range 1–1.5 AU, over the declining phase of solar cycle 24 (2014–2018). So far, studies only analyzed SIRs measured at Earth and Mars at different times. We compare existing catalogs for both heliospheric distances and arrive at a clean dataset for the identical time range. This allows a well-sampled statistical analysis and for the opposition phases of the planets an in-depth analysis of SIRs as they evolve with distance.Methods.We use in situ solar wind data from OMNI and the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft as well as remote sensing data from Solar Dynamics Observatory. A superposed epoch analysis is performed for bulk speed, proton density, temperature, magnetic field magnitude and total perpendicular pressure. Additionally, a study of events during the two opposition phases of Earth and Mars in the years 2016 and 2018 is conducted. SIR related coronal holes with their area as well as their latitudinal and longitudinal extent are extracted and correlated to the maximum bulk speed and duration of the corresponding high speed solar wind streams following the stream interaction regions.Results.We find that while the entire solar wind high speed stream shows no expansion as it evolves from Earth to Mars, the crest of the high speed stream profile broadens by about 17%, and the magnetic field and total pressure by about 45% around the stream interface. The difference between the maximum and minimum values in the normalized superposed profiles increases slightly or stagnates from 1–1.5 AU for all parameters, except for the temperature. A sharp drop at zero epoch time is observed in the superposed profiles for the magnetic field strength at both heliospheric distances. The two opposition phases reveal similar correlations of in situ data with coronal hole parameters for both planets. Maximum solar wind speed has a stronger dependence on the latitudinal extent of the respective coronal hole than on its longitudinal extent. We arrive at an occurrence rate of fast forward shocks three times higher at Mars than at Earth.
Miec: A Bayesian hierarchical model for the analysis of nearby young open clusters
Authors: Olivares J. , Bouy H. , Sarro L. M. , Moraux E. , Berihuete A. , Galli P. A. B. , Miret-Roig N. 
Published: February 2021

Context. The analysis of luminosity and mass distributions of young stellar clusters is essential to understanding the star-formation process. However, the gas and dust left over by this process extinct the light of the newborn stars and can severely bias both the census of cluster members and itsss luminosity distribution.
Aims. We aim to develop a Bayesian methodology to infer, with minimal biases due to photometric extinction, the candidate members and magnitude distributions of embedded young stellar clusters.
Methods. We improve a previously published methodology and extend its application to embedded stellar clusters. We validate the method using synthetically extincted data sets of the Pleiades cluster with varying degrees of extinction.
Results. Our methodology can recover members from data sets extincted up to Av ∼ 6 mag with accuracies, true positive, and contamination rates that are better than 99%, 80%, and 9%, respectively. Missing values hamper our methodology by introducing contaminants and artifacts into the magnitude distributions. Nonetheless, these artifacts vanish through the use of informative priors in the distribution of the proper motions.
Conclusions. The methodology presented here recovers, with minimal biases, the members and distributions of embedded stellar clusters from data sets with a high percentage of sources with missing values (> 96%).
Ein Überblick über die Osteoimmunologie
Authors: Lösser Lennart , Rauner Martina 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGOsteoimmunologie beschreibt die Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Immunsystem und dem Knochenstoffwechsel. Besonders bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind die Auswirkungen der Osteoimmunologie gut ersichtlich, da viele entzündliche rheumatische Erkrankungen mit lokalen Knochenerosionen und Osteoporose einhergehen. Die Zellen des Immunsystems, welche die chronische Entzündung aufrechterhalten, führen gleichzeitig zu einer Stimulation der Osteoklastogenese und somit der Knochenresorption. Osteoblasten hingegen werden in ihrer Funktion unterdrückt und damit bleiben die knochenregenerativen Prozesse aus. Die Aufschlüsselung der zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der Knochendestruktion ist aktuell Gegenstand intensiver Forschung und könnte zu neuen therapeutischen Strategien führen, um die Knochengesundheit bei Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen aufrechtzuerhalten. Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über das Feld der Osteoimmunologie und fokussiert insbesondere auf den Einfluss des Immunsystems auf die Knochenresorption.
Diagnose, Differenzialdiagnose und Diagnostik bei Osteoporose
Authors: Maus Uwe , Schultz Katharina , Bühring Björn 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie systemische Osteoporose ist gekennzeichnet durch einen Rückgang von Knochenmasse und Knochenstruktur und führt zu einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko. Das Risiko für eine Osteoporose wird beeinflusst vom Lebensalter, dem Geschlecht und weiteren Risikofaktoren. Die rheumatoide Arthritis als chronisch entzündliche Erkrankung der Gelenke führt neben der systemischen Osteoporose zusätzlich zu einer lokalen, periartikulären Osteoporose und auch im fortgeschrittenen Stadium zur Gelenkdestruktion. Daher ist eine möglichst frühe Diagnostik und ggfs. Therapie wichtig. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag sollen die notwendigen Schritte zur Diagnostik und zum Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen aufgezeigt werden. In einem weiteren Beitrag wird die Therapie der Osteoporose geschildert.
Development and Assessment of a Video-Based Intervention to Improve Rhinoplasty Informed Consent
Authors: Hakimi Amir Aaron , Standiford Lauren , Chang Edward , Wong Brian Jet-Fei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in improving the informed consent process to ensure patients truly understand the benefits, risks, and alternatives of their procedures. Herein, we sought to describe the production of an educational video to supplement the traditional rhinoplasty informed consent process. Additionally, we evaluate satisfaction and risk recall among prospective rhinoplasty patients who participated in the video-assisted informed consent process. One author attended 30 rhinoplasty consultations where informed consent was performed and generated 65 questions related to the benefits, risks, alternatives, and general knowledge of rhinoplasty operations. A video of the senior author answering these questions was filmed and edited to 25 minutes. Prospective rhinoplasty patients watched the video before their initial consultation and were asked to complete two surveys assessing their satisfaction with the video-assisted process as well as their ability to recall risks discussed in the video. Understandability and actionability of the video was assessed by three independent reviewers using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool. Postvideo surveys were completed by 40 patients. Patients strongly agreed that the video informed them about rhinoplasty risks and benefits (4.90/5.00), effectively answered their questions and/or concerns (4.78/5.00), and provided adequate information before surgery (4.85/5.00). Participants strongly recommended that all prospective patients watch the video prior to surgery (4.97/5.00). Participants on average correctly answered 4.00 ± 0.877 out of five risk recall questions. There was no statistically significant difference in risk recall performance between college graduates (4.19 ± 0.602) and those who did not graduate college (3.79 ± 1.08), p = 0.076. No significant correlation was found between patient age and recall performance (r = –0.011), p = 0.943. The overall mean understandability and actionability scores for the video were 100%. Video-assisted informed consent for rhinoplasty may enhance and overcome limitations to the traditional verbal consent process by ensuring comprehensive, standardized, and readily understandable information.
Effects of Cryotherapy on Temperature Change in Caudal Thigh Muscles of Dogs
Authors: Janas Krysta , Millis Darryl , Levine David , Keck Melissa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study reported here was to determine the effect of cryotherapy on the caudal thigh muscles of dogs. We hypothesized that temperature changes would be greatest in superficial tissues and decrease with tissue depth.
Study Design Eight mixed-breed dogs (mean weight 21.2 kg, mean age 3.3 years) were studied. Temperature was measured at the skin surface and at depths of 1.0 and 3.0 cm below the skin using needle thermistor probes that were inserted beneath the site of cold pack application. Treatment consisted of a standard 1.0°C cold pack applied for 20 minutes. Temperature was recorded every minute for the 20 minute cold pack treatment, and for 80 minutes following treatment.
Results Cutaneous temperatures significantly decreased (p < 0.01), with rapid rewarming of the skin following cold pack removal. Tissue cooling was less profound with increasing tissue depths, but was still significant (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in muscle temperature between haired and clipped limbs.
Conclusion A single application of a cold pack to the caudal thigh muscles of dogs for 20 minutes resulted in significant temperature reduction at all tissue depths (p < 0.05). This decrease persisted for ∼60 minutes. The presence of hair did not have a significant effect on muscle cooling (p > 0.05).
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum C-Reactive Protein among Children with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome
Authors: Kumar Durgesh , Kumar Dinesh , Tiwari Alok , Sharma Nishant , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Shukla Krishan Mohan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the positivity of C-reactive protein (CRP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in children presented with clinical diagnosis of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES).
Methods A total of 164 children between 6 months and 14 years with clinical diagnosis of AES were investigated. Qualitative CRP (slide agglutination) was determined in CSF and serum sample of each patient. On the basis of clinical examination and investigations, all the patients were divided into four groups as pyogenic meningitis, viral encephalitis, tuberculous meningitis, and cerebral malaria. The positivity of CRP in CSF and serum were compared in these groups.
Results CSF CRP was found to be positive in the majority of patients with pyogenic meningitis and a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) association was found between CSF CRP and final diagnosis of AES, while this association was nonsignificant (p = 0.141) in case of serum CRP. When we compared the CSF and serum CRP, serum CRP was found to be more suggestive of tuberculous meningitis, viral encephalitis, and cerebral malaria while CSF CRP was more sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis.
Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of CSF CRP for pyogenic meningitis was quite high. Serum CRP with a high sensitivity can be used as a screening test for different types of meningitis and cerebral malaria; however, its diagnostic accuracy has yet to be established.
Expression of MicroRNA of Macrophages Infected with Attenuated Leishmania major Parasite
Authors: Feiz Haddad Mohammad Hossein , Rezvan Hossein , Nourian Alireza , Habibpour Habib 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Leishmaniasis has been proposed as one of the neglected vector-borne diseases due to an obligate intracellular parasite of the genus Leishmania. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) with a length of 22-nucleotide are known as the noncoding small RNAs. MiRNAs contribute to many biological and cellular approaches. Therefore, the present study evaluated expressing mmu-miR-721, mmu-miR-294–3p, mmu-miR-155–3p, and mmu-miR-30a in murine macrophages infected with attenuated Leishmania major parasites on 3 days after infection.
Methods Attenuated promastigotes have been achieved after 20 passages of Leishmania major parasites. Cell line J774A.1 (murine macrophage) has been used for in vitro experiments. The stationary phase of attenuated L. major promastigotes has been chosen to infect the cells, and then their incubation has been performed with 5% CO2 at 37°C for 3 days. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has also been performed with SYBR Green master-mix Kit for measuring the level of mmu-miR-721, mmu-miR-294–3p, mmu-miR-30a, and mmu-miR-155-3p expression. Uninfected macrophages have been considered as a control group.
Results Real-time PCR demonstrated overexpression of mmu-miR-155-3p, mmu-miR-294–3p, and, mmu-miR-721 in the infected cells with Leishmania parasites after 3 days. Results showed no statistically significant difference in the mmu-miR-30a expression between infected macrophages and the uninfected control group.
Conclusion Our findings suggested the significant contribution of the alterations in the miRNA levels to the regulation of macrophage functions following the creation of intracellular parasites like Leishmania. These data could help to understand better the genes' expression in the host cells in the course of leishmaniasis.
Esophageal Stricture and Dermal Pathology Related to Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the TNXB Gene
Authors: Mirza Nida , Upadhyaya Sundeep , Mehta Sagar , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Ehlers–Danlos' syndrome (EDS) constitutes a group of connective tissue disorders that are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Mutations in the TNXB gene have been recognized as pathogenic causing classical-like EDS due to tenascin-X deficiency. Here, we have reported a unique case of compound heterozygous mutation in TNXB gene leading to esophageal stricture and scarred skin in a 7-year-old boy who presented to us with impacted foreign body in esophagus. The child was also having tendency to atrophic skin scarring secondary to trivial trauma.
An Update on Subciliary Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
Authors: Cakmak Ozcan , Emre Ismet Emrah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe subciliary lower eyelid blepharoplasty has evolved considerably to create a more harmonious natural appearance with a fuller and unoperated look and also to minimize the complications. While lower eyelid malposition was very common in the past, now this complication is significantly reduced by attention to preoperative evaluation, meticulous surgical planning, precise surgical technique, and postoperative care. Various prophylactic maneuvers maintaining/strengthening lower lid support can be utilized to prevent lower lid malposition including preservation of the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle, conservative resection of skin and muscle, and suspension of the orbicularis oculi muscle and/or tarsus to the periosteum of the lateral orbital rim. The release of the orbicularis retaining ligament and surgical transposition of orbital fat over the rim rather than excision allows for smoothing of the lid-cheek junction, filling the tear trough deformity, and reducing the appearance of bulging fat in the lower eyelid. In this article the reader will find a comprehensive approach for achieving a smooth contour with gradual blending at the lower eyelid–cheek junction while maintaining/restoring normal lower lid support. A descriptive outline of postoperative care is also provided to help in optimal healing for the patient.
Diagnostic Performance of Noninvasive Methods for Liver Biopsy by Fibroscan in Pediatric
Authors: Motamed Farzaneh , Heidari Ghobad , Heirati Bita , Rahmani Parisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLiver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and management of various liver diseases; however, noninvasive diagnostic modalities may help prevent adverse effects of anesthesia, prolonged hospitalization, sampling error, and other serious complications, particularly in pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to compare the results of liver biopsy and fibroscan in children with chronic liver diseases. All patients presenting chronic liver disease admitted in the ward or clinic of Tehran's Children Medical Center were enrolled in the study. Required laboratory tests were performed to diagnose the disease, followed by elastography using fibroscan 402 (M-probe) Echosens machine and liver biopsy using Menghini technique. Samples were scored by using METAVIR scoring system. Thirty-two patients were reported (68.8%, female) with autoimmune hepatitis (18.8%), Wilson disease (12.5%), and glycogen storage disease (12.5%). The most common pathologic stage and fibroscan result was stage III and F0 (46.9%), respectively. Association between pathology and fibroscan results was not significant. Nonetheless, age and diagnosis, age and Fibroscan score, and pathology and liver function test were significantly associated with each other. Fibroscan cannot be used as an alternative to liver biopsy; however, it can be a useful accessory tool.