bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of dust-cloud-radiation interactions on surface albedo: a case study of ‘Tiramisu’ snow in Urumqi, China
Authors: Chen Siyu , Bi Hongru , Zhang Renhe , Wang Yong , Guo Jianping , Zhao Dan , Chen Yu , Guan Yawen , Xie Zhaoyang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dust–cloud–surface radiation interactions are a complex nonlinear relation referring to the influences of both atmospheric dust and dust-on-snow on surface albedo. A ‘Tiramisu’ snow event occurred on 1 December 2018, in Urumqi, China, providing an excellent testbed for exploring the comprehensive effect induced by atmospheric dust and those deposited atop fresh snowpack on surface radiation. A detailed analysis indicates that the decrease of snow albedo by 0.17–0.26 (22%–34%) is contributed by the effects both the dust–cloud interactions and dust-on-snow at synoptic scale in this case. In particular, dust well mixed with ice clouds at altitudes of 2.5–5.5 km disrupted the ‘seeder–feeder’ structure of clouds and heterogeneous ice nucleation. Dust-induced changes in the low layer of ice clouds (3.3–5.5 km) under a low temperature of –20 °C resulted in a 31.8% increase in the ice particle radius and 84.6% increase in the ice water path, which acted to indirectly buffer the incident solar radiation reaching the surface. Dust particles deposited on the snow surface further caused snow darkening since the snow albedo was found to decrease by 11.8%–23.3%. These findings underscore the importance of considering the comprehensive effect of dust–cloud–radiation interactions in the future.
Nonlinear response of Asian summer monsoon precipitation to emission reductions in South and East Asia
Authors: Herbert Ross , Wilcox Laura J , Joshi Manoj , Highwood Ellie , Frame Dave 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic aerosols over South and East Asia currently have a stronger impact on the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) than greenhouse gas emissions, yet projected aerosol emission changes in these regions are subject to considerable uncertainties such as timescale, location, or emission type. We use a circulation/climate model with idealised aerosol distributions to demonstrate that the sum of ASM responses to aerosol emission reductions in each region is very different to the response to simultaneous reductions in both regions, implying the ASM response to aerosol emissions reductions is highly nonlinear. The phenomenon is independent of whether aerosols are scattering or absorbing, and results from interaction of induced atmospheric circulation changes. The nonlinearity from interactions between aerosol forcing from different regions represents a new source of uncertainty in projections of ASM changes over the next 30–40 years, and may limit the utility of country-dependent aerosol trajectories when considering their Asia-wide effects, though we recommend further work to establish whether the nonlinearity is buffered by other drivers. To understand likely changes in the ASM due to aerosol reductions, countries will need to accurately take account of emissions reductions from across the wider region, rather than approximating them using simple scenarios and emulators. The nonlinearity in the response to forcing therefore presents a regional public goods issue for countries affected by the ASM, as the costs and benefits of aerosol emissions reductions are not internalised; in fact, forcings from different countries such as India and China work jointly to determine outcomes across the region.
Environmental Concern to save Langgar Tinggi Heritage Mosque at Kampung Pekojan
Authors: Achmad Gianoora , Kurniawan Kemas Ridwan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Located in Tambora, West Jakarta, Kampung Pekojan has an essential role as a part of historical stories back to the colonialism era in Batavia, now known as Jakarta. As the residential area of Muslim for the Arabs, The Indian, and the indigenous people, Pekojan has six cultural heritage mosques, one of them is Langgar Tinggi. However, the yearly flood event eventually become a problem and it endangered Langgar Tinggi and its surrounding. Using descriptive qualitative methods by collecting data which includes literature studies, interviews with the experts, this paper is expected to provide the necessary information and data about how to handle a flood event around Kampung Pekojan and save Langgar Tinggi mosque as an important cultural heritage and a place that holds history.
Privately Managed Green Open Space and Its Ecological Role in Improving Thermal Comfort of Kesiman Kertalangu Area
Authors: Edhy I G , Siwalatri N K A , Yudantini N M , Suartika Gusti Ayu Made 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of urban areas in general has a negative impact on built environmental. The decrease of green open space is cause by increasing the need of space for human activity. The reduced area of green open space in Denpasar City, especially in private green open space in the Kesiman Kertalangu area, causes environmental quality to decline. Reducing the area of green open space can cause urban problems, such as increasing city air temperatures. Therefore, it is important to know the role of private green open space in residential yards for increasing thermal comfort in the Kesiman Kertalangu area. For this study the method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive case study approach. The aim of this study is to determine the role of private green open space in residential yards in term of thermal comfort. The results show that in residential yards that have relatively large areas of land, the existing private green open space conditions are quite optimal. However, in residential yards that have limited land area, the availability of green open space is very minimal. The existence of private green open space in residential yards at the Kesiman Kertalangu area in general is not able to work optimally in reducing temperatures to create a suitable thermal comfort for the environment.
The Existence of Stilt Houses Post-Disaster
Authors: Hildayanti Andi , Wasilah  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stilt houses are one of the architectural identities of the archipelago that are still commonly found in Indonesia. Stilt houses have proven to be sustainable products because they still exist today after going through various natural disasters. This is inseparable from the stilts house building techniques, including the process of finding and determining the form and implementation of adat (philosophy). So, this research aims to show the existence of post-disaster stilt houses which include tsunami disasters in Aceh and Palu. This research is a case study that uses a comparativeanalysis method to show the influence factors of the existence of stilts houses after disaster in Aceh dan Palu. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the stilt houses in Aceh and Palu have stilt buildings that are sturdy and stable in accepting the force load when a disaster occurs. The key of building sturdiness lies on building structures such as connection systems, foundation type, material type, and the buildings proportion. These factors caused the stilts houses to not suffer severe damage, and in some cases did not show any damage to the buildings after being affected by natural disasters.
Riverfront Development - A Public Realm, Its Adaptations, and Environmental Impacts
Authors: Dewi Luh Made Ratih Ratna , Suartika Gusti Ayu Made , Saputra Kadek Edi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sidemen Distrct is one of the tourist attractions in Karangasem Regency. One of the prominent tourist attractions in Sidemen District from the past until now is the natural attractions of Iseh and Tebola as well as the sidemen songket weaving craft centre. Then, in 2010 began to expand tourism with the concept of “river tourism” namely tourism by making the Tukad Unda river as the main attraction. The development of tourism in Sidemen District is increasingly felt by the emergence of various tourism supporting facilities in the river border area. Of course, with the development of the construction of these facilities, it has an impact on the environment in the river border area, especially the spatial function seen from land use. The method used in this research is mapping analysis method with overlay technique. The results of the analysis explain that changes in land use that occur are clearly visible from the year of observation, namely in 2010 before the construction of tourism facilities until 2021. Changes in land use that occur lead to incompatibility with the direction of land use that has been determined. There are several land functions that have changed, including the function of plantation land/moor, and the function of agricultural land/rice fields. Of the two land functions, the one that shows the most changes because it is used for tourism facilities is the plantation/moor function of 5.43%. This percentage of land use change area is evidence that an activity such as tourism can have an influence on land function in an area. If this is left unchecked, it can result in arbitrary land use and not in accordance with the direction of the land function designation that has been stipulated in the spatial planning rules.
Carrying Capacity of Land in Bali based on Ecological Footprint
Authors: Bayu Baskhara Hutama A A B , Muktiwibowo A K , Widiastuti  , Saputra K E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In 2000-2010, based on data from the Population Census in Bali, the average population growth rate was 2.15% per year, this value was greater than the average population growth rate at the national level of 1.49% per year. The increasing number of population growth results in increased development. This causes an increase in the need for land to accommodate these development activities. The reduced availability of productive land because it is used for development facilities has resulted in reduced land carrying capacity in Bali. The purpose of this study was to analyze the value of the carrying capacity of land in Bali using the Ecological Footprint analysis approach. The research methodology is quantitative focusing on secondary data analysis, based on the mathematical calculation method developed by the Global Footprint Network, which has the term biocapacity which means supply and ecological footprint which means demand. After comparing biocapacity and ecological footprint, the results show that the carrying capacity of land in Bali is generally in deficit. Things that can be done to increase the carrying capacity of land are to reduce the rate of population growth, increase land productivity by intensifying agricultural land, and be wiser in carrying out land conversion in the future.
Polimorphic Explore of Esr1, Esr2 and Foxl2 Genes and Interaction Effect of Esri and Foxl2 with Productive Traits of Brown Local Iraqi Chickens
Authors: Abu-Rekaiba Raed Ibraheem A. , Razuki W. M. , Al-Anbari E. H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The estrogen receptor 1(ESR1) and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays a crucial role in the growth and development of follicles and ovulation in chickens. Fork-head box L2 (FOX L2) gene and its protein is active in several tissues, such as the ovaries, it has a pivotal role in ovarian development and function, like regulation of egg formation in poultry. This study aimed to detect the polymorphism of ESR1, ESR2 and, FOXL2 genes and investigate interaction between ESR1 and FOXL2 in the productive performance of brown local Iraqi chickens (BLIC). A total of 104 BLIC, at 17 weeks of age. Four novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Every polymorphism a number had been given according to its location within gene, one of them in ESR1 (T57198C) intron 3 with three genotypes: Wild(TT), Heterozygous(TC),and Homozygous(CC), and two SNPs within ESR2 were assessed, one of the identified SNPsT39565C transition located within intron 7 with two alleles(T and C)and three genotypes were found: Wild(TT), Heterozygous(TC),and Homozygous(CC), another SNPG40100A transition within (3 prime UTR), with two alleles (G and A)and three genotypes were found: Wild(GG), Heterozygous(GA)and Homozygous(AA) and the SNP in FOXL2 (C919T) gene with two genotypes: Wild(CC) and Heterozygous(CT) within encoding region were identified through PCR-DNA sequencing. An interaction between the ESR1 and FOXL2 genes has been proposed, and six haplotypes (H1=TTCC, H2=TTCT, H3=TCCC, H4=TCCT, H5=CCCC, H6=CCCT) were obtained due to interaction between these two SNPs. Chi-square analysis showed no significant in genotypic and allelic frequencies for each SNP which revealed those genes were agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association analysis of haplotypes with production traits revealed that individuals have H4 genotype achieved higher body weight at sexual maturity, at 60 weeks of age and egg weight at 45 and 60 weeks of age, whereas, the higher number of eggs were exhibited to individual with H6 from onset egg till 60 weeks of age. The two genotypes; TCCT and CCCT showed better combination than others with respect to production performance. In conclusion, our findings provided new evidence that the two SNPs (ESR1 and FOXLl2) with special interaction may have potential effects on productive traits of chickens and beneficial effects in laying breeding programs.
The Efficiency of The Tree Crown in The Expression of Growth For Pinus Brutia Ten Trees Growing in Atrush Region Northern Iraq
Authors: Al-Ali Mohammad Asim Saeed , Al-Hamdani Mutaz Sharif Omar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted on Pinus brutia Ten. trees growing in Atrosh region northern Iraq, which are natural forests of different age. We have taken different measurements of (200) trees to estimate the growth efficiency in both basal area and volume depending on crown projection area of the tree as independent variable. Several linear and nonlinear equations have been obtained through which we can estimate growth and know the role of each of these elements in growth efficiency. For Crown efficiency depending on the basal area (CEBg) denoting the crown projection area (CPA) the nonlinear equation {CEBg=-0.9996+(CPA)-000009851} was chosen, as R2 (72.52) and SE (0.00002 ) and D-W (1.87). We also found The efficiency of the crown depending on the growth of base area (CEBg) denoting the of the crown projection area (CPA) and the height of the tree (H). Also the nonlinear equation was chosen depending on the scales used {CEBg=-1.99964+(CPA)-000009904 +(H)000001599} was the value of R2 (75.77), SE (0.00002) and D-W (1.81).For Crown efficiency depending on the growth in volume (CEVg) in terms of Crown projection area (CPA) the nonlinear equation{CEVg=-0.998015+(CPA)-0 0004362} was chosen as R2(70.11) and standard error SE (0.0001) ) and D-W (1.53), we also found Crown efficiency depending on the growth in volume depending on crown projection area and the height of the tree, the nonlinear equation{CEVg=- 1.9992+(CPA)-0 0005513+(H)00007631} was chosen which the value of R2 (69.44), SE (0.0001) and D-W ( 1.55 ).
Estimate of The Dynamical Change of Air TemperAture, Relative Humidity and Dew Point TemperaTure for Some Selected Station in Iraq
Authors: Nassif Wedyan G. , Jaber Sundus H. , Naif Salwa S. , Al-Taai Osama T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Relative humidity can be inferred from the dew point values. When the air temperature and dew point temperatures are very close, the air has high relative humidity. The converse is true when there is a large difference between the air temperature and the dew point temperature, indicating the presence of low humidity air. To understand the expected changes in the climatic elements in the atmosphere, changes in temperature behavior, dew point, and relative humidity have been studied This study used data obtained from the European Center (ECMWF), which includes monthly and annual mean temperatures, dew, and relative humidity during the period (1988-2018) for selected stations in Iraq. The highest values of temperature and dew were recorded in July and August, and they were accompanied by a decrease in relative humidity. The highest value of relative humidity was recorded in December and January, accompanied by a decrease in temperature and dew, as we note through the results that there is an inverse relationship between relative humidity, temperature, and dew point Relative humidity changes when the temperature rises or falls, and the relative humidity may be higher in the morning when the temperature drops. The lowest amount of relative humidity during the day is when the temperature rises, the highest temperature value was recorded on 21July 2017 (12:00 PM) for Basra Station, while the highest relative value is humidity in Basra Governorate. Mosul station on January 21, 2014 (12:00 AM), and the reason is due to meteorological factors and the nature of the geographical area.
GC-MS Analysis of Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica Papaya L.)
Authors: Al-Seadi Hussein Lafta , Sabti Manal Zibari , Taain Dhia Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract of two papaya varieties grown in southern Iraq. The phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract of papaya leaves were identified using the GC-MS detection system. The results showed the presence of more than thirty phytochemicals in the ethanolic extract of papaya leaves. The main phytochemicals present in papaya leaf extract in terms of their relative abundance are Oleic Acid, Tocopherol, Sitosterol, Neophytadiene, Butyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen, Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester), Campesterol, Squalene, Octadecenoic acid, Stigmasterol and D-Limonene. The present study revealed that the papaya leaf extract was composed of a variety of metabolites and therapeutic active substances, in addition to novel substances. These substances can be isolated and evaluated experimentally to confirm their biological and medicinal activities as well as verify their mechanism of action.
Effect of Some Planting Depths on Wheat Characteristics for Two Varieties (Iba'a 99 and Alnoor)
Authors: Imran Alaamer Shathar A. , Alwan Al Sharifi Salih K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The impact of sowing depth in planting machine (Nordsten type) on wheat varieties (VW-Iba’a 99 and VW-Alnoor ) were tested during planting machine at three sowing depths of SD-5.4, 7, and 8.6 cm. The experiments were conducted in a factorial experiment under a complete randomized design with three replications. The wheat cultivar (VW-Iba’a 99) was meaningfully better than (VW-Alnoor ) in all studied parameters. For (VW-Iba’a 99), the germination ratio, length plant, plant vigor index, root length, root fresh weight, root plant dry, and grain yield, were 90.369%, 68.04cm, 57.14%, 17.09 cm, 1.42 g, 0.54g, and 4.441 tha-1, respectively. The sowing depth (SD -5.4cm) was significantly better than (SD-7 and 8.6cm ) in all studied parameters. The greatest assessments have come from the overlap among the SD -5.4cm, and VW_Iba’a 99.
Effect of Machine Clearance and Maize Moisture Contents on Mechanical Parameters For Local Shelling Machine
Authors: Alwan Alsharifi Salih K. , Ghali Aleawi A , Nayyef Hussein R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The impact of local thresher machine on maize Syn12 cultivar was tested at two CL - 0.5, and 0.7 mm at three ranges of MOI - 16%, 18%, and 21%. The experiments were conducted in a factorial experiment under a complete randomized design with three replications. The CL- 0.7 mm was significantly more than CL -0.5 mm in all studied parameters. While the corn grain moisture content at a range of 16% was significantly superior compared to the other ranges (18 and 21%) in all parameters. For the CL -0.7mm and MOI 16%, the PP,PR,TE,BR,PCG,WG
and GC
were 1.566 t.hr-1and 1.715 t.hr-1, 9.155 Kw and 9.028 Kw, 86.009% and 89.587%; 3.228% and 3.064%;2.184% and 2.013; 81.14% and 81.69%and 90.743% and 91.587%, respectively.
Response of Celosia Argentea (Plumosa) to Spraying With Growth Regulars (ABA and GA3)
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Kareema Abed I. , Al-Bayati Mateen Yilmaz I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in lath house, College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk for the agricultural on 15-3-2021. The concentrations of Abscisic acid (ABA) were (0, 10, 20, 40) mg.l-1, Gibberellin (GA3) were (0, 50, 100, 200) mg.l-1. Results showed that Spraying with a concentration of 40 mg.L-1 of ABA and a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 of GA3 gave a significant increase in most of the vegetative and flowering characteristics, as it was superior in plant height, number of plant branches, leaf area, chlorophyll percentage, wet and dry weight. As for the characteristics of flower growth, it was significantly superior in number of flowers, flower diameter, vase life, number of flowering branches, wet and dry weight of flowers.
Effect of Supplementing Alcoholic and Aqueous Extract of Khalal and Seedless Date and Date Seed Khalal AL-Zahdi Date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) to Drinking Water on Some Physiological and Microbial Traits of Broiler Reared Under High Temperature
Authors: Jasim Mohammed Rasool Mahdi , Ibrahim Dhia Kalil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research aims to effect of supplementing alcoholic and aqueous extract of khalal and seedless date and date seed khalal AL-Zahdi date(Phoenix dactylifera L.)to drinking water on some of the physiological, histological and microbial traits of broilers reared under high temperature, As the study included the use of 300 chicks of one day age and with an average weight of 41 g, the unsexed rose strain, and it was distributed to five treatments, where one treatment contained 60 chicks, with three replicates for each treatment (20 chicks/replicates ) for a period of 6 weeks, the birds were exposed to temperatures at an average of (28-36 -30 ± 2 ° C) and the degree of humidity at an average of (40-60-50 ± 2%) for the times (700-1200-1900). The chicks were distributed randomly into five treatments as follows: - The first treatment (T1), the control treatment, without any addition to drinking water, the second treatment (T2) and the third (T3), adding 300 mg/liter of water from the aqueous and alcoholic extract for Al-Zahdi khalal, respectively and the fourth treatment (T4) and the fifth (T5) adding 300 mg/liter of water from aqueous and alcoholic extract for the Al-Zahdi khalal seed, respectively. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant improvement in the weekly body temperature, a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and a significant decrease in the number of heterophill cells and the percentage of heterophill cells to lymphocytes (H/L) for all addition factors compared to With control treatment, As well as a significant increase in the concentration of total protein in blood serum and all oxidative enzymes in blood serum, noting that a significant decrease occurred in the concentration of both glucose and cholesterol at the age of 21 days and the AST enzyme and ALT enzyme at the age of 42 days. The preference was in favor of T3 and T5, as was the significant increase in all the studied histological traits. Also, there was a significant decrease in the number of E. Coli bacteria in the ileum area only, and a significant increase in the number of Lactobacilli bacteria in the jejunum and ileum regions. We conclude from the study that the use of these extracts contributed to the improvement of the studied physiological, histological and microbial characteristics of broilers reared at high temperatures, noting that T3 and T5 recorded the best results for all the studied traits.