bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The limited function of law in transforming rule of law: A reply to Ruiping Ye
Authors: Chang Wen-Chen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article is a reply to Ruiping Ye’s article on China’s journey towards socialist rule of law. Ye argues that despite a string of legal reforms, China remains a system of rule by law rather than rule of law. Ye provides two main observations. One is the Communist Party’s instrumental perception of law, and the other is the Communist Party’s need to maintain legal legitimacy. This article agrees with Ye’s two observations, and extends the discussion further to the future of such a rule by law or what other scholars call authoritarian legality. By highlighting an intensely debated issue on whether to further legalize or constitutionalize the Communist Party’s absolute rule, this article questions the gradual and formative function of law in bringing profound change. Particularly noteworthy are the sustainability of legitimacy generated by authoritarian legality and the efficacy of a legal transformation from within.
Monitoring Emerging Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Era of Dolutegravir
Authors: da Silva Juliana , Pals Sherri , Chang Joy , Hackett Stephanie , Godfrey Catherine , Raizes Elliot 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dolutegravir-based regimens are now standard of care for human immunodeficiency virus treatment for millions of people around sub-Saharan Africa. To ensure its continued efficacy, monitoring of emerging drug resistance that inform a treatment strategy among those failing is crucial. In this report, we outline the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief to leverage viral load infrastructure to implement effective drug resistance surveillance in the countries it supports.
Integration of crop growth model and constraint-based metabolic model predicts metabolic changes over rice plant development under water-limited stress
Authors: Shaw Rahul , Cheung C Y Maurice 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rice is a major staple food worldwide and understanding its metabolism is essential for improving crop yield and quality, especially in a changing climate. Constraint-based modelling is an established method for studying metabolism at a systems level, but one of its limitations is the difficulty in directly integrating certain environmental factors, such as water potential, to the model for predicting metabolic changes in response to environmental changes. Here, we developed a framework to integrate a crop growth model and an upgraded diel multi-organ genome-scale metabolic model of rice to predict the metabolism of rice growth under normal and water-limited conditions. Our model was able to predict distinct metabolic adaptations under water-limited stress compared to normal condition across multiple developmental stages. Our modelling results of dynamic changes in metabolism over the whole-plant growth period highlighted key features of rice metabolism under water-limited stress including early leaf senescence, reduction in photosynthesis and significant nitrogen assimilation during grain filling.
Spatiotemporal model of cellular mechanotransduction via Rho and YAP
Authors: Novev Javor K , Heltberg Mathias L , Jensen Mogens H , Doostmohammadi Amin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
How cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli remains an open question. Recent advances have identified the translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) between nucleus and cytoplasm as a central mechanism for sensing mechanical forces and regulating mechanotransduction. We formulate a spatiotemporal model of the mechanotransduction signalling pathway that includes coupling of YAP with the cell force-generation machinery through the Rho family of GTPases. Considering the active and inactive forms of a single Rho protein (GTP/GDP-bound) and of YAP (non-phosphorylated/phosphorylated), we study the cross-talk between cell polarization due to active Rho and YAP activation through its nuclear localization. For fixed mechanical stimuli, our model predicts stationary nuclear-to-cytoplasmic YAP ratios consistent with experimental data at varying adhesive cell area. We further predict damped and even sustained oscillations in the YAP nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio by accounting for recently reported positive and negative YAP-Rho feedback. Extending the framework to time-varying mechanical stimuli that simulate cyclic stretching and compression, we show that the YAP nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio’s time dependence follows that of the cyclic mechanical stimulus. The model presents one of the first frameworks for understanding spatiotemporal YAP mechanotransduction, providing several predictions of possible YAP localization dynamics, and suggesting new directions for experimental and theoretical studies.
Dynamics of the host chromatin three-dimensional response to influenza virus infection
Authors: Shiimori Masami , Nukiwa Ryota , Imai Yumiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The spatial organization of chromatin is known to be highly dynamic in response to environmental stress. However, it remains unknown how chromatin dynamics contributes to or modulates the pathogenesis of immune and infectious diseases. Influenza virus is a single-stranded RNA virus, and transcription and replication of the virus genome occur in the nucleus. Since viral infection is generally associated with virus-driven hijack of the host cellular machineries, influenza virus may utilize and/or affect the nuclear system. In this review article, we focus on recent studies showing that the three-dimensional structure of chromatin changes with influenza virus infection, which affects the pathology of infection. Also, we discuss studies showing the roles of epigenetics in influenza virus infection. Understanding how this affects immune responses may lead to novel strategies to combat immune and infectious diseases.
Genetic and phenotypic parameters for Aleutian disease tests and their correlations with pelt quality, reproductive performance, packed-cell volume, and harvest length in mink
Authors: Hu Guoyu , Do Duy Ngoc , Karimi Karim , Miar Younes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAleutian disease (AD), caused by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), is a major health concern that results in global economic losses to the mink industry. The unsatisfactory outcome of the culling strategy, immunoprophylaxis, and medical treatment in controlling AD have urged mink farmers to select AD resilient mink based on several detection tests, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), and iodine agglutination test (IAT). However, the genetic analysis of these AD tests and their correlations with pelt quality, reproductive performance, packed-cell volume (PCV), and harvest length (HL) have not been investigated. In this study, data on 5,824 mink were used to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of four AD tests, including two systems of ELISA, CIEP, and IAT, and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with two pelt quality, five female reproductive performance, PCV, and HL traits. Significances (P &lt; 0.05) of fixed effects (sex, year, dam age, and color type), covariates (age at harvest and blood sampling), and random effects (additive genetic, permanent environmental, and maternal effects) were determined under univariate models using ASReml 4.1 software. The genetic and phenotypic parameters for all traits were estimated under bivariate models using ASReml 4.1 software. Estimated heritabilities (±SE) were 0.39 ± 0.06, 0.61 ± 0.07, 0.11 ± 0.07, and 0.26 ± 0.05 for AMDV antigen-based ELISA (ELISA-G), AMDV capsid protein-based ELISA, CIEP, and IAT, respectively. The ELISA-G also showed a moderate repeatability (0.58 ± 0.04) and had significant negative genetic correlations (±SE) with reproductive performance traits (from −0.41 ± 0.16 to −0.49 ± 0.12), PCV (−0.53 ± 0.09), and HL (−0.45 ± 0.16). These results indicated that ELISA-G had the potential to be applied as an indicator trait for genetic selection of AD resilient mink in AD endemic ranches and therefore help mink farmers to reduce the adverse effects caused by AD.
First Life Table ofSynthesiomyia nudiseta(Diptera: Muscidae) From Palearctic Region for Analyzing the Effect on Its Dispersal Ability
Authors: Ivorra Tania , García-Martínez Borja , Martínez-Sánchez Anabel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo better understand the population dynamics and dispersal ability of insect species, it is often helpful to derive a life table containing fundamental demographic data. The aim of this study was to determine a life table for the predatory necrophagous species Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) on a pig liver diet and under controlled laboratory conditions (29.5 ± 2. 5°C, RH 50 ± 15%, and a photoperiod of 12:12). This species has medical and veterinary importance and its distribution extends in tropical and subtropical areas and now it has been established in the southwestern of Europe. The mean adult longevity was 36. 18 ± 2. 06 d and the net reproduction rate, R, was 27.65 offspring/female, the mean generation time, T, was 22. 09 d, the finite rate of increase, λ, was 1. 16 d−1, and the intrinsic rate of increase, r, was 0. 15 d−1. These results indicate that S. nudiseta cannot be considered an r-strategist as the most common synanthropic necrophagous blowflies due to its predatory behavior; however, its invasive and colonist abilities are discussed. This is the first life table study of this species from Palearctic region to analyze the effect of its dispersal ability.
Design and optimization of 3D-bioprinted scaffold framework based on a new natural polymeric bioink
Authors: Dorati Rossella , Chiesa Enrica , Riva Federica , Modena Tiziana , Marconi Stefania , Auricchio Ferdinando , Genta Ida , Conti Bice 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This aimed at the design and production of engineered 3D scaffold prototypes using a natural polymeric bioink made of chitosan and poly-γ-glutamic acid with a specific focus on 3D-bioprinting process and on 3D framework geometry.

Methods
Prototypes were produced using a 3D bioprinter exploiting layer-by-layer deposition technology. The 3D scaffold prototypes were fully characterized concerning pore size and size distribution, stability in different experimental conditions, swelling capability, and human dermal fibroblasts viability.

Key findings
Hexagonal framework combined with biopaper allowed stabilizing the 3-layers structure during process manufacturing and during incubation in cell culture conditions. The stability of 3-layers structure was well preserved for 48 h. Crosslinking percentages of 2-layers and 3-layers prototype were 88.2 and 68.39, respectively. The swelling study showed a controlled swelling capability for 2-layers and 3-layers prototype, ∼5%. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results showed good biocompatibility of 3-layers prototype and their suitability for preserving 48 h cell viability in 3D cultures. Moreover, a significant increment of absorbance value was measured after 48 h, demonstrating cell growth.

Conclusions
Bioink obtained combining chitosan and poly-γ-glutamic acid represents a good option for 3D bioprinting. A stable 3D structure was realized by layer-by-layer deposition technology; compared with other papers, the present study succeeded in using medical healthcare-grade polymers, no-toxic crosslinker, and solvents according to ICH Topic Q3C (R4).
A rare presentation of perforated carcinoma of colon as an anterior abdominal wall abscess—a case report and review of literature
Authors: Basukala Sunil , Thapa Narayan , Rayamajhi Bikash Bahadur , Basukala Bikram , Mandal Pankaj , Karki Bibek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer progresses without any symptoms early on or those clinical symptoms are very discrete and so are undetected for long periods of time. Complicated colorectal carcinoma has several symptoms, the most common being bleeding and obstruction. Occasionally, it will cause perforation, which carries a worse prognosis. It is rare for a carcinoma colon to present as abscess of the anterior abdominal wall that forms as a result of direct invasion and perforation of the colon by cancer. We hereby report an unusual case of perforated colon carcinoma presented as an abscess infiltrating the abdominal wall.
Humanities and engineering perspectives on music transcription
Authors: Holzapfel Andre , Benetos Emmanouil , Killick Andrew , Widdess Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Music transcription is a process of creating a notation of musical sounds. It has been used as a basis for the analysis of music from a wide variety of cultures. Recent decades have seen an increasing amount of engineering research within the field of Music Information Retrieval that aims at automatically obtaining music transcriptions in Western staff notation. However, such approaches are not widely applied in research in ethnomusicology. This article aims to bridge interdisciplinary gaps by identifying aspects of proximity and divergence between the two fields. As part of our study, we collected manual transcriptions of traditional dance tune recordings by eighteen transcribers. Our method employs a combination of expert and computational evaluation of these transcriptions. This enables us to investigate the limitations of automatic music transcription (AMT) methods and computational transcription metrics that have been proposed for their evaluation. Based on these findings, we discuss promising avenues to make AMT more useful for studies in the Humanities. These are, first, assessing the quality of a transcription based on an analytic purpose; secondly, developing AMT approaches that are able to learn conventions concerning the transcription of a specific style; thirdly, a focus on novice transcribers as users of AMT systems; and, finally, considering target notation systems different from Western staff notation.
Seizures and Vaping—A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Tatum Peter S , Oster Joel M 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe the clinical course of two patients who presented with new-onset seizures within hours of vaping and to survey neurologists’ screening for vaping in such patients. A 30-subject single-institution survey found that 19 out of 30 neurology providers have not been subjectively qualifying vaping as a potential seizure-provoking factor since the 2019 emergence of literature on this topic. Inquiring about vaping during a new-onset seizure assessment could lead to earlier recognition of a seizure-provoking factor. Further investigations into the epileptogenicity of vaping are needed and the utility of AntiEpileptic Drug (AED) initiation for these patients is currently unknown.
Charting galactic accelerations: when and how to extract a unique potential from the distribution function
Authors: An J , Naik A P , Evans N W , Burrage C 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The advent of data sets of stars in the Milky Way with 6D phase-space information makes it possible to construct empirically the distribution function (DF). Here, we show that the accelerations can be uniquely determined from the DF using the collisionless Boltzmann equation, providing the Hessian determinant of the DF with respect to the velocities is non-vanishing. We illustrate this procedure and requirement with some analytic examples. Methods to extract the potential from data sets of discrete positions and velocities of stars are then discussed. Following Green & Ting, we advocate the use of normalizing flows on a sample of observed phase-space positions to obtain a differentiable approximation of the DF. To then derive gravitational accelerations, we outline a semi-analytic method involving direct solutions of the overconstrained linear equations provided by the collisionless Boltzmann equation. Testing our algorithm on mock data sets derived from isotropic and anisotropic Hernquist models, we obtain excellent accuracies even with added noise. Our method represents a new, flexible, and robust means of extracting the underlying gravitational accelerations from snapshots of 6D stellar kinematics of an equilibrium system.
LOFAR early-time search for coherent radio emission from short GRB 181123B
Authors: Rowlinson A , Starling R L C , Gourdji K , Anderson G E , ter Veen S , Mandhai S , Wijers R A M J , Shimwell T W , van der Horst A J 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The mergers of two neutron stars are typically accompanied by broad-band electromagnetic emission from either a relativistic jet or a kilonova. It has also been long predicted that coherent radio emission will occur during the merger phase or from a newly formed neutron star remnant; however, this emission has not been seen to date. This paper presents the deepest limits for this emission from a neutron star merger, following triggered LOFAR observations of the short gamma-ray burst 181123B, starting 4.4 min after the GRB occurred. During the X-ray plateau phase, a signature of ongoing energy injection, we detect no radio emission to a 3σ limit of 153 mJy at 144 MHz (image integration time of 136 s), which is significantly fainter than the predicted emission from a standard neutron star. At a redshift of 1.8, this corresponds to a luminosity of 2.5 × 1044 erg s−1. Snapshot images were made of the radio observation on a range of time-scales, targeting short-duration radio flashes similar to fast radio bursts. No emission was detected in the snapshot images at the location of GRB 181123B enabling constraints to be placed on the prompt coherent radio emission model and emission predicted to occur when a neutron star collapses to form a black hole. At the putative host redshift of 1.8 for GRB 181123B, the non-detection of the prompt radio emission is two orders of magnitude lower than expected for magnetic reconnection models for prompt GRB emission and no magnetar emission is expected.
Spectroscopic and photometric analysis of the eclipsing binary HIP 7666 with δ Scuti pulsations
Authors: Feng Guojie , Esamdin Ali , Fu Jianning , Zhang Yanping , Niu Hubiao , Li Chunqian , Liu Nian , Cang Tianqi , Michel Raul , Fox-Machado Lester , Wang Liang , Pi Qingfeng , Bai Chunhai , Xu Jing , Iskandar Abdusamatjan , Zeng Xiangyun , Ma Lu 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
New multicolour photometric observations were carried out on 22 nights in three observation missions between 2015 October and 2016 February for eclipsing binary HIP 7666. High- and low-resolution spectroscopic observations were also carried out in the winters of 2015, 2016, and 2019, respectively. The fully phase-covered light curves and radial velocity curves are presented. All times of light minima are used to calculate the orbital period [2.372 2200(4) d] and new ephemerides. The photometric solution and stellar physical parameters are derived, showing that HIP 7666 is a detached binary with the absolute parameters M1 = 1.53(3) M⊙, R1 = 2.08(2) R⊙, log L1/L⊙ = 0.99(3), log g1 = 3.98(2), Mbol1 = 2.26(8), Teff,1 = 7100(100) K for the primary, and M2 = 1.23(3) M⊙, R2 = 1.06(2) R⊙, log L2/L⊙ = 0.13(4), log g2 = 4.47(2), Mbol2 = 4.4(1), Teff,2 = 6029(67) K for the secondary. The age of 1.69 Gyr and 1.755 Gyr are estimated from parsec isochrones and mesa evolutionary tracks, respectively. In Herzsprung–Russell (H–R) diagram, the primary component has evolved to the late stages, while the secondary still locates at the early stages of the main sequence. Frequency analysis yields three frequencies of f1 = 24.631(4) cd−1, f2 = 21.193(1) cd−1, and f3 = 28.07(7) cd−1. Comparisons between models and observations suggest that the primary component is most likely a p-mode non-radial δ Scuti oscillator.
X-ray bounds on cooling, composition, and magnetic field of the Cassiopeia A neutron star and young central compact objects
Authors: Ho Wynn C G , Zhao Yue , Heinke Craig O , Kaplan D L , Shternin Peter S , Wijngaarden M J P 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present analysis of multiple Chandra and XMM–Newton spectra, separated by 9–19 yr, of four of the youngest central compact objects (CCOs) with ages &lt;2500 yr: CXOU J232327.9+584842 (Cassiopeia A), CXOU J160103.1−513353 (G330.2+1.0), 1WGA J1713.4−3949 (G347.3−0.5), and XMMU J172054.5−372652 (G350.1−0.3). By fitting these spectra with thermal models, we attempt to constrain each CCO’s long-term cooling rate, composition, and magnetic field. For the CCO in Cassiopeia A, 14 measurements over 19 yr indicate a decreasing temperature at a 10-yr rate of 2.2 ± 0.2 or 2.8 ± 0.3 per cent (1σ error) for a constant or changing X-ray absorption, respectively. We obtain cooling rate upper limits of 17 per cent for CXOU J160103.1−513353 and 6 per cent for XMMU J172054.5−372652. For the oldest CCO, 1WGA J1713.4−3949, its temperature seems to have increased by 4 ± 2 per cent over a 10-yr period. Assuming each CCO’s preferred distance and an emission area that is a large fraction of the total stellar surface, a non-magnetic carbon atmosphere spectrum is a good fit to spectra of all four CCOs. If distances are larger and emission areas are somewhat smaller, then equally good spectral fits are obtained using a hydrogen atmosphere with B ≤ 7 × 1010 G or B ≥ 1012 G for CXOU J160103.1−513353 and B ≤ 1010 G or B ≥ 1012 G for XMMU J172054.5−372652 and non-magnetic hydrogen atmosphere for 1WGA J1713.4−3949. In a unified picture of CCO evolution, our results suggest most CCOs, and hence a sizable fraction of young neutron stars, have a surface magnetic field that is low early in their life but builds up over several thousand years.
Star cluster classification in the PHANGS–HST survey: Comparison between human and machine learning approaches
Authors: Whitmore Bradley C , Lee Janice C , Chandar Rupali , Thilker David A , Hannon Stephen , Wei Wei , Huerta E A , Bigiel Frank , Boquien Médéric , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A , Deger Sinan , Grasha Kathryn , Klessen Ralf S , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Larson Kirsten L , Mok Angus , Rosolowsky Erik , Schinnerer Eva , Schruba Andreas , Ubeda Leonardo , Van Dyk Schuyler D , Watkins Elizabeth , Williams Thomas 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
When completed, the PHANGS–HST project will provide a census of roughly 50 000 compact star clusters and associations, as well as human morphological classifications for roughly 20 000 of those objects. These large numbers motivated the development of a more objective and repeatable method to help perform source classifications. In this paper, we consider the results for five PHANGS–HST galaxies (NGC 628, NGC 1433, NGC 1566, NGC 3351, NGC 3627) using classifications from two convolutional neural network architectures (RESNET and VGG) trained using deep transfer learning techniques. The results are compared to classifications performed by humans. The primary result is that the neural network classifications are comparable in quality to the human classifications with typical agreement around 70 to 80 per cent for Class 1 clusters (symmetric, centrally concentrated) and 40 to 70 per cent for Class 2 clusters (asymmetric, centrally concentrated). If Class 1 and 2 are considered together the agreement is 82 ± 3 per cent. Dependencies on magnitudes, crowding, and background surface brightness are examined. A detailed description of the criteria and methodology used for the human classifications is included along with an examination of systematic differences between PHANGS–HST and LEGUS. The distribution of data points in a colour–colour diagram is used as a ‘figure of merit’ to further test the relative performances of the different methods. The effects on science results (e.g. determinations of mass and age functions) of using different cluster classification methods are examined and found to be minimal.