bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Oleic Acid Emulsification using SPE on Fluorite and Dolomite Flotation**
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Hou Shaochun , Li Erdou , Yang Zhanfeng , Guo Chunlei , Li Qiang , Jin Hailong , Wang Qiwei , Wei Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCollector OA, oleic acid, is widely used industrially for fluorite flotation. Low selectivity, dispersibility and collecting capability of the OA collector are always observed. In this study, compared with flotation of dolomite, a collector mixture of OA and SPE (styrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether) demonstrated significantly better performances for the fluorite. An optimal mass ratio 4 : 1 OA : SPE was found, and the recovery of fluorite was increased from over 85 % to more than 94 % compared with pure OA. Furthermore, the dosage of the collector agent was reduced from 50  mg mL−1 to 20 mg mL−1, which did not negatively impact the recovery of dolomite. The results from the contact angle tests indicated that SPE selectively increased the surface hydrophobicity of fluorite but had little effect on dolomite. Besides, zeta potential measurements and IR analyses revealed that the addition of SPE led to strong chemical adsorption on the surface of fluorite, resulting in a significant difference in the flotation performances of the two minerals. Therefore, SPE‐emulsified OA is corroborated to prompt more selectivity and collecting capability on flotation of fluorite over dolomite.
A delicately designed functional binder enabling in situ construction of 3D cross‐linking robust network for high‐performance Si/graphite composite anode
Authors: Liu Shujian , Cheng Shaokai , Xie Ming , Zheng Yun , Xu Gaojie , Gao Shuyu , Li Jian , Liu Zhihong , Liu Xueqing , Liu Jiyan , Yan Bo , Yan Weixiong , Zhang Zhanhui , Cui Guanglei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe silicon (Si)‐based anodes suffer from large volume expansion in the lithiation process. Aiming at improving the cycling stability of a Si/graphite composite anode processed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a functional aqueous binder was delicately designed and synthesized via an aqueous copolymerization of lithium acrylate and vinyl triethoxy silane (VTEO). The PAA‐VTEO binder can in situ react with the silanol groups on the surface of Si nanoparticles to form a robust 3D cross‐linked network. The resulting extremely high modulus and hardness of this integrated 3D network structure effectively restrained the volume expansion effect and significantly enhanced the electrochemical cycling stability of the CVD‐Si@graphite composite anode. This work will provide new perspectives in designing functional binder for Si‐based anodes.
A comparative study of data‐dependent acquisition and data‐independent acquisition in proteomics analysis of clinical lung cancer tissues constrained by blood contamination
Authors: Su Tao , Zhong Yi , Zeng Weibiao , Zhang Yong , Wang Shisheng , Cheng Jingqiu , Yang Hao , Wei Yiping , Gong Meng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProteomics analysis is often troubled by high‐abundance proteins in samples such as plasma. However, many surgical tissue samples inevitably have got contaminated with blood before cryopreservation. Selection of an appropriate method to minimize the effect of high‐abundance proteins is important for proteomics analysis of blood contaminated tissues. Here, we investigated and compared the abilities of data‐independent acquisition (DIA) and data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) strategies for the proteomics analysis of blood contaminated clinical tissue samples. Twelve pairs of carcinoma and para‐carcinoma tissue samples from lung cancer patients were used for proteomics assays separately by DIA and DDA, and the blood contamination level in samples was evaluated by contamination index (CI). Compared with the DDA strategy, DIA in whole exhibited much better analytical capabilities in proteomics analysis of these samples with more identified protein groups and a higher discovery of differential proteins. With CI value increasing, whether DIA or DDA showed decreasing analysis ability. However, for samples with high CI values, the DIA strategy still shows acceptable analytical capability and indicates better blood pollution resistance than the DDA strategy. Our results implied that for clinical tissue samples, particularly for those contaminated with blood, DIA strategy should be a preferred method in proteomics studies.
Adaptive neural control for nonlinear systems with actuator faults and unknown control directions via command filter
Authors: Guo Jun , Bo Yuming , Park Ju H. , Ma Jiali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article studies the issue of command filter‐based adaptive fault‐tolerant control for a class of nonlinear systems subject to unknown control directions and disturbance. First, the neural network is employed to deal with the nonlinear functions, and the explosion of the complexity problem is handled by the command filter approach. Second, the bound estimation method and the Nussbaum function are utilized to compensate for the influence of the actuator faults and the unknown directions, respectively. Finally, the tracking error signals are guaranteed to converge into bounded compact sets around the origin, and all closed‐loop signals are bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by three simulations.
Methods to assess evidence consistency in dose‐response model based network meta‐analysis
Authors: Pedder Hugo , Dias Sofia , Boucher Martin , Bennetts Meg , Mawdsley David , Welton Nicky J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNetwork meta‐analysis (NMA) simultaneously estimates multiple relative treatment effects based on evidence that forms a network of treatment comparisons. Heterogeneity in treatment definitions, such as dose, can lead to a violation of the consistency assumption that underpins NMA. Model‐based NMA (MBNMA) methods have been proposed that allow functional dose‐response relationships to be estimated within an NMA, which avoids lumping different doses together and thereby reduces the likelihood of inconsistency. Dose‐response MBNMA relies on appropriate specification of the dose‐response relationship as well as consistency of relative effects. In this article we describe methods to check for inconsistency in dose‐response MBNMA models. Global and local (node‐splitting) tests for inconsistency are described that account for studies with ≥3 arms that are typical in dose‐finding trials. We show that consistency needs to be assessed with respect to the choice of dose‐response function. We illustrate the methods using a network comparing biologics for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. By comparing results from an Emax and an exponential dose‐response function we show that failure to correctly characterise the dose‐response can introduce apparent inconsistency. The number of comparisons for which node‐splitting is possible is also shown to be dependent on the complexity of the selected dose‐response function. We highlight that the nature of dose‐finding studies, which typically compare multiple doses of the same agent, provide limited scope to assess inconsistency, but these study designs help guard against inconsistency in the first place. We demonstrate the importance of assessing consistency to obtain robust relative effects to inform drug‐development and policy decisions.
Highly Selective and Efficient Solar‐Light‐Driven CO2 Conversion with an Ambient‐Stable 2D/2D Co2P@BP/g‐C3N4 Heterojunction
Authors: Hu Jundie , Yang Tingyu , Yang Xiaogang , Qu Jiafu , Cai Yahui , Li Chang Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRenewable solar‐driven carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to highly valuable fuels is an economical and prospective strategy for both the energy crisis and ecological environment disorder. However, the selectivity and activity of current photocatalysts have great room for improvement due to the diversification and complexity of products. Here, an ambient‐stable 2D/2D Co2P@BP/g‐C3N4 heterojunction is designed for highly selective and efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. The resulting Co2P@BP/g‐C3N4 material has a remarkable conversion of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) with an ≈96% selectivity, coupled with a dramatically increased CO generation rate of 16.21 µmol g–1 h–1, which is 5.4 times higher than pristine graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). In addition, this photocatalyst exhibits good ambient stability of black phosphorus (BP) without oxidation even over 180 days. The excellent photocatalytic selectivity and activity of Co2P@BP/g‐C3N4 heterojunction are attributed to its lower energy barriers of *COOH, *CO, and *+CO in the process of CO2 reduction, coupled with rapid charge transfer at the heterointerfaces of BP/g‐C3N4 and Co2P/BP. This is solidly verified by both density functional theory calculation and mechanism experiments. Therefore, this work holds great promise for an ambient‐stable efficient and high selectivity photocatalyst in solar‐driven CO2 conversion.
Assembling and Regulating of Transition Metal‐Based Heterophase Vanadates as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Shao Wenjie , Xiao Mingjun , Yang Chengdong , Cheng Menghao , Cao Sujiao , He Chao , Zhou Mi , Ma Tian , Cheng Chong , Li Shuang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeveloping efficient, durable, and low‐cost earth‐abundant elements‐based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts by rapid and scalable strategies is of great importance for future sustainable electrochemical hydrogen production. The earth‐abundant high‐valency metals, especially vanadium, can modulate the electronic structure of 3d metal oxides and oxyhydroxides and offer the active sites near‐optimal adsorption energies for OER intermediates. Here, the authors propose a facile assembling and regulating strategy to controllably synthesize a serial of transition metal (CoFe, NiFe, and NiCo)‐based vanadates for efficient OER catalysis. By tuning the reaction concentrations, NiFe‐based vanadates with different crystallinities can be facilely regulated, where the catalyst with moderate heterophase (mixed crystalline and amorphous structures) shows the best OER catalytic activity in terms of low overpotential (267 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2), low Tafel slope (38 mV per decade), and excellent long‐term durability in alkaline electrolyte, exceeding its noble metal‐based counterparts (RuO2) and most current existing OER catalysts. This work not only reports a facile and controllable method to synthesize a series of vanadates‐based catalysts with heterophase nanostructures for high‐performance OER catalysis, but also may expand the scope of designing cost‐effective transition metal‐based electrocatalysts for water splitting.
The Imagined Disastrous: West German Civil Defence Between War Preparation and Emergency Management 1950–1990
Authors: Molitor Jochen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistories of civil defence have tended to focus on large-scale endeavours during the early Cold War. In West Germany, however, civil defence became more successful after concepts of ‘total defence’ and accompanying shelter construction programmes were discontinued. From the mid-1960s, officials who had initially spoken of ‘disasters’ to avoid the unpopular term ‘war’ began focusing on less obtrusive, attainable all-hazards measures. Similarly, the majority of German physicians involved in disaster medicine pragmatically imagined scenarios up to, but not exceeding, nuclear reactor meltdowns or isolated nuclear strikes. In the wake of political détente and technical disasters during the 1980s, most critics came to agree that at least some specialised preparation for more extreme scenarios might be warranted and did not necessarily amount to militarisation.
Introduction
Authors: Tjostheim Ingvar , Waterworth John A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen physical travel to a specific place is prohibited or otherwise difficult or impossible, digital travel provides a promising alternative. The technology to do this is now widely available and many people have the possibility to meet with others digitally, and thus alleviate the social effects of physical isolation. Digital travel can also be source of pleasure and entertainment, and many people spend time exploring and interacting in digital places, realistically rendering in 3D games. But despite the recent upsurge in virtual social interaction, it does not meet many of the psychosocial aspects of the travel experience. In this book, we take a fresh look at the nature of the telepresence experience in digital environments. We also address a number of relevant questions, such as whether these experiences can seem real to the digital traveller and, if so, under what conditions and on what grounds.
Visiting Places
Authors: Tjostheim Ingvar , Waterworth John A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we look at notions of place, as outlined in work in human geography, tourism studies and other applied social fields. We consider the distinction between spaces and places and on how different experiences of place arise in the traveller. This is important to our understanding of tourist and other travel experiences, and to experiencing a sense of place in digital environments. Despite some commonalities, we find that digital travel is unlike physical travel in many significant respects, but that the experience of a place can, in some circumstances, be similar. For digital travel and digital experiences, place attachment is relevant for places that a person knows well. We conclude that a digital experience can become a spatial experience if our bodily senses are invoked by the virtual place.
90-Day all-cause mortality can be predicted following a total knee replacement: an international, network study to develop and validate a prediction model
Authors: Williams Ross D. , Reps Jenna M. ,   The OHDSI/EHDEN Knee Arthroplasty Group, Rijnbeek Peter R. , Ryan Patrick B. , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate a prediction model for 90-day mortality following a total knee replacement (TKR). TKR is a safe and cost-effective surgical procedure for treating severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Although complications following surgery are rare, prediction tools could help identify high-risk patients who could be targeted with preventative interventions. The aim was to develop and validate a simple model to help inform treatment choices.MethodsA mortality prediction model for knee OA patients following TKR was developed and externally validated using a US claims database and a UK general practice database. The target population consisted of patients undergoing a primary TKR for knee OA, aged ≥ 40 years and registered for ≥ 1 year before surgery. LASSO logistic regression models were developed for post-operative (90-day) mortality. A second mortality model was developed with a reduced feature set to increase interpretability and usability.ResultsA total of 193,615 patients were included, with 40,950 in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database and 152,665 in Optum. The full model predicting 90-day mortality yielded AUROC of 0.78 when trained in OPTUM and 0.70 when externally validated on THIN. The 12 variable model achieved internal AUROC of 0.77 and external AUROC of 0.71 in THIN.ConclusionsA simple prediction model based on sex, age, and 10 comorbidities that can identify patients at high risk of short-term mortality following TKR was developed that demonstrated good, robust performance. The 12-feature mortality model is easily implemented and the performance suggests it could be used to inform evidence based shared decision-making prior to surgery and targeting prophylaxis for those at high risk.Level of evidenceIII.
Combination of strong anion exchange liquid chromatography with microchip capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate for rapid two-dimensional separations of complex protein mixtures
Authors: Zagst Holger , Elgert Christin , Behrends Sönke , Wätzig Hermann 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional separations provide a simple way to increase the resolution and peak capacity of complex protein separations. The feasibility of a recently developed instrumental approach for two-dimensional separations of proteins was evaluated. The approach is based on the general principle of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In the first dimension, semi-preparative strong anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography is utilized and fractions are collected by means of a fraction collector. They are subsequently analyzed in the second dimension with microchip capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate. Microchip capillary electrophoresis provides the necessary speed (approximately 1 min/fraction) for short analysis. In this study, three different samples were investigated. Different constructs of soluble guanylyl cyclase were expressed in Sf9-cells using the baculovirus expression system. Cell lysates were analyzed and the resulting separations were compared. In our experimental setup, the soluble guanylyl cyclase was identified among hundreds of other proteins in these cell lysates, indicating its potential for screening, process control, or analysis. The results were validated by immunoblotting. Samples from Chinese hamster ovary cell culture before and after a purification step were investigated and approximately 9% less impurities could be observed. The separation patterns obtained for human plasma are closely similar to patterns obtained with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and a total of 218 peaks could be observed. Overall, the approach was well applicable to all samples and, based on these results, further directions for improvements were identified.
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Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Bone Metabolism and Susceptibility to Osteoporosis
Authors: Cronin Owen , Lanham-New Susan A. , Corfe Bernard M. , Gregson Celia L. , Darling Andrea L. , Ahmadi Kourosh R. , Gibson Philippa S. , Tobias Jon H. , Ward Kate A. , Traka Maria H. , Rossi Megan , Williams Claire , Harvey Nicholas C. , Cooper Cyrus , Whelan Kevin , Uitterlinden André G. , O’Toole Paul W. , Ohlsson Claes , Compston Juliet E. , Ralston Stuart H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe human microbiota functions at the interface between diet, medication-use, lifestyle, host immune development and health. It is therefore closely aligned with many of the recognised modifiable factors that influence bone mass accrual in the young, and bone maintenance and skeletal decline in older populations. While understanding of the relationship between micro-organisms and bone health is still in its infancy, two decades of broader microbiome research and discovery supports a role of the human gut microbiome in the regulation of bone metabolism and pathogenesis of osteoporosis as well as its prevention and treatment. Pre-clinical research has demonstrated biological interactions between the microbiome and bone metabolism. Furthermore, observational studies and randomized clinical trials have indicated that therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota by oral administration of probiotics may influence bone turnover and prevent bone loss in humans. In this paper, we summarize the content, discussion and conclusions of a workshop held by the Osteoporosis and Bone Research Academy of the Royal Osteoporosis Society in October, 2020. We provide a detailed review of the literature examining the relationship between the microbiota and bone health in animal models and in humans, as well as formulating the agenda for key research priorities required to advance this field. We also underscore the potential pitfalls in this research field that should be avoided and provide methodological recommendations to facilitate bridging the gap from promising concept to a potential cause and intervention target for osteoporosis.
Assessment of the effectiveness of liquid hot water and steam explosion pretreatments of fast-growing poplar (Populus trichocarpa) wood
Authors: Antczak Andrzej , Szadkowski Jan , Szadkowska Dominika , Zawadzki Janusz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of physicochemical pretreatment methods on the chemical composition, enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and porosity of fast-growing Populus trichocarpa wood was compared. Among the pretreatment methods, the liquid hot water (LHW) and steam explosion (SE) were used, which were performed at three different temperatures (160 °C, 175 °C and 190 °C) and two residence times (15 min and 1 h). The chemical composition, enzymatic hydrolysis and porosity analysis were done for native wood and solid fraction obtained after LHW and SE pretreatments. The porosity analysis was performed by inverse size exclusion chromatography method. Additionally, inhibitors of hydrolysis and fermentation processes in the liquid and solid fractions obtained after pretreatments were examined. Based on the results, it was found that the tested pretreatments caused the greatest changes in the chemical content of hemicelluloses. It was found that after LHW and SE pretreatments up to 99.1% or 94.0%, respectively, of hemicelluloses were removed from the obtained solid fraction. Moreover, the LHW and SE processes greatly enhanced the enzymatic digestibility of fast-growing poplar wood. The highest glucose yield was achieved after 15 min of SE pretreatment at 190 °C and was 676.4 mg/g pretreated biomass, while in the case of xylose the highest value (119.3 mg/g pretreated biomass) was obtained after 15 min of LHW pretreatment at 160 °C. Generally, after SE pretreatment process, more inhibitors were formed, and a greater effect of porous structure development was noticed than after LHW pretreatment. Despite this difference, the average glucose contents and yields after enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass were generally similar regardless of the pretreatment used.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Pediatric Patients with Severe Postoperative Pulmonary Hypertension After Correction of Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Lindberg Lars 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe surgical repair of congenital heart defects in children with preoperative pulmonary hypertension (PH) is to varying degree associated with the occurrence of postoperative PH. The objective of this study was to follow up children with severe postoperative PH (pulmonary arterial/aortic pressure ratio ≥ 1.0) to evaluate if pulmonary arterial pressure spontaneously normalized or needed PH-targeting therapy and to identify potential high-risk diagnoses for bad outcome. Twenty-five children who developed clinically significant severe PH on at least three occasions postoperatively were included in the follow-up (20–24 years). Data from chart reviews, echocardiographic investigations, and questionnaires were obtained. Three children died within the first year after surgery. Three children were lost to follow-up. The remaining 17 children normalized their pulmonary arterial pressure without the use of PH-targeting drugs at any time during the follow-up. Two children had a remaining mild PH with moderate mitral valve insufficiency. All three children with bad outcome had combined cardiac lesions causing post-capillary pulmonary hypertension. Normalization of the pulmonary arterial pressure occurred in almost all children with severe postoperative PH, without any need of supplemental PH-targeting therapies. All children with bad outcome had diagnoses conformable with post-capillary PH making the use of PH-targeting therapies relatively contraindicated. These data emphasize the need to perform randomized, blinded trials on the use of PH-targeting drugs in children with postoperative PH before accepting it as an indication for routine treatment.