bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable, Smart and Safe Mobility at the Core of Sustainable Tourism in Six European Islands
Authors: Mantero Claudio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTransport and tourism are rising economic sectors based on their mutual growth on reliable technological tools, affordable energy sources in relatively peaceful decades. This growing trend, faced along years of sudden slowdown caused mainly by the financial and health crisis; one of the most severe and recent episodes was the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic outbreak is representing a global turning point for both international markets of tourism and transport which can be addressed with innovative solutions looking to retake the growing trends. In such a changing framework CIVITAS DESTINATIONS European project addressed the main challenges of tourism and resident mobility at local (rural, urban area, large city) and regional levels, focusing on six European islands (Malta, Cyprus, Elba, Crete, Gran Canaria, Madeira) aiming to implement and evaluate 83 different sustainable mobility measures. The project proves to have a cumulative relevant impact on environmental indicators such as CO2 emission avoided, fossil fuel saved and energy saved. Additionally, the project findings focus on the quality of life and economic development to grant long-run environmental and financial sustainability of tourism and transport at the local and regional levels. The main aspects observed were related to public participation and governance models in touristic mobility integrated with the residents’ needs, touristic mobility the island, role of technologies to focus on final user needs, growing trends of elder and disabled people, new integrated and innovative business in tourism and mobility markets, health at the core of future trends.
Innovation, Digital Solutions and MaaS Concept in Touristic Insular and Rural Destinations: The Case of the Shared Mobility Agency in Elba
Authors: Gini Saverio , Ambrosino Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter aims to describe the role of innovation and digital solutions in facing the mobility needs of the rural areas and tourist destinations and, at the same time, to discuss the problems and conditions for their use in the provision of the different mobility and transport services. Innovation in the mobility provision chain is analysed in relation to the relevant service elements (schemes, planning, programming, evaluation and support) in order to clarify that innovation does not automatically mean digital solutions. An overview of the emerging trends in digital solutions is provided, focusing on the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept and mobile applications. For the APP, market-specific considerations are developed on the different roles and typologies, making a classification for understanding current Mobility APP “Jungle”. Moreover, the concept of Shared Use Mobility Agency (SUMA) is presented. SUMA aims to integrate smart mobility services under the concept of MaaS in order to answer to the mobility needs of residents and tourists acting on the demand and providing coordinated collective and ridesharing transport services. SUMA could be considered an “innovative” approach mixing advanced digital architecture and shared mobility schemes with the relevant organization, operation and business elements. Section 5 presents the SUMA implementation in Elba island (Regione Toscana-Italy), within CIVITAS DESTINATIONS project underlying the specifications of the platform and APP. Finally, besides the specific recommendations provided in each section, key recommendations for Mobility Authority and Transport Operators are spotlighted.
Is Cycling an Attractive Transport Solution in a Mediterranean City?
Authors: Tarasi Dimitra , Daras Tryfon , Tsoutsos Theocharis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBy exploiting the opinion of the society in a Mediterranean city, this paper identifies the mechanisms behind utility cycling and determines the aspects of using the bike in cities for daily commuting. This study focused on the assessment of biking as an alternative mode of transport within a typical Mediterranean city in Crete. Limited road safety is the principal reason that hinders 60% of respondents from cycling, and 41% from riding more frequently. The survey results are congruent with this statement, provided a significant difference in the ratios of actual recreational cyclists (39%) and those who like to ride for entertainment, but they hesitate (71%). In order to quantify this, the attitude of the bikers was grouped in two fact factors influencing: the clothing and the technological one. Based on the opinion of the local society, high priority policies are recommended, such as proper infrastructure, sensitization campaigns, and education programs.
Climate Change Mitigation Through Smart Environmental Monitoring of the Urban Ecosystem in Insular Touristic Cities: Experience from Rethymno and Madeira
Authors: Aryblia Maria , Quintal Lúcio , Ribeiro Μiguel , Sifakis Nikolaos , Tournaki Stavroula , Tsoutsos Theocharis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCities, and general urban areas, contribute critically to climate change because of the GHGs related to traffic congestion, fossil fuel consumption, noise and air pollution. Air pollution, despite the noteworthy improvements during the last decades, still plays a significant role in the quality of living in European cities as it causes damages to health and ecosystems, thus making urgent the immoderate need of diminishing it. Within the Horizon 2020 CIVITAS DESTINATIONS project, six European island cities, which are highly attractive destinations for tourists worldwide, implemented various sustainable mobility measures. Among them, Funchal, Madeira-Portugal, and Rethymno, Crete-Greece, implemented two different environmental monitoring systems to measure and calculate a predetermined set of indicators, capable of estimating the environmental benefits in transport, economy, society, energy, and the environment. The monitoring systems were installed in specific sites all around these two cities, aiming, through the integrated sensors, to collect environmental data related to transport load, such as environmental indexes (temperature, humidity, noise) and air pollutants (CO2, CO, NOx, SO2, PM). The collection of critical and reliable data offers the opportunity for an effective evaluation of the overall performance of the implemented measures toward sustainable, environmentally friendly, and low-carbon mobility policies.
Flavor constraints for a vector-like quark of Nelson-Barr type
Authors: Cherchiglia A. L. , De Conto G. , Nishi C. C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Nelson-Barr (NB) mechanism to solve the strong CP problem assumes CP conservation, arranges vanishing$$ \overline{\theta} $$θ¯at tree-level and requires vector-like quarks (VLQs) to transmit the CP breaking to the SM. We analyze the flavor constraints coming from the presence of one such down type VLQ of NB type by performing a global fit on the relevant flavor observables. A comparison is made to the case of one generic VLQ. We find that the allowed parameter space for the VLQ Yukawa couplings and the mixing to the SM are confined to a region much smaller than in the generic case, making the NB case falsifiable in principle.
The Diversity Patterns of Rare to Abundant Microbial Eukaryotes Across a Broad Range of Salinities in a Solar Saltern
Authors: Lee Hyeon Been , Jeong Dong Hyuk , Cho Byung Cheol , Park Jong Soo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSolar salterns are excellent artificial systems for examining species diversity and succession along salinity gradients. Here, the eukaryotic community in surface water of a Korean solar saltern (30 to 380 practical salinity units) was investigated from April 2019 to October 2020 using Illumina sequencing targeting the V4 and V9 regions of 18S rDNA. A total of 926 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 1,999 OTUs were obtained with the V4 and V9 regions, respectively. Notably, most of the OTUs were microbial eukaryotes, and the high-abundance groups (> 5% relative abundance (RA), Alveolata, Stramenopila, Archaeplastida, and Opisthokonta) usually accounted for > 90% of the total cumulative read counts and > 80% of all OTUs. Moreover, the high-abundance Alveolata (larger forms) and Stramenopila (smaller forms) groups displayed a significant inverse relationship, probably due to predator–prey interactions. Most of the low-abundance (0.1–5% RA) and rare (< 0.1% RA) groups remained small portion during the field surveys. Taxonomic novelty (at < 90% sequence identity) was high in the Amoebozoa, Cryptista, Haptista, Rhizaria, and Stramenopila groups (69.8% of all novel OTUs), suggesting the presence of a large number of hidden species in hypersaline environments. Remarkably, the high-abundance groups had little overlap with the other groups, implying the weakness of rare-to-prevalent community dynamics. The low-abundance Discoba group alone temporarily became the high-abundance group, suggesting that it is an opportunistic group. Overall, the composition and diversity of the eukaryotic community in hypersaline environments may be persistently stabilized, despite diverse disturbance events.
Visualization of thermal damage using 68 Ga-FAPI-PET/CT after pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Kupusovic Jana , Kessler Lukas , Nekolla Stephan G. , Riesinger Lisa , Weber Manuel M. , Ferdinandus Justin , Kochhäuser Simon , Rassaf Tienush , Wakili Reza , Rischpler Christoph , Siebermair Johannes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
68 Ga-fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) positron emission tomography (PET) is a novel technique targeting FAP-alpha. This protein is expressed by activated fibroblasts which are the main contributors to tissue remodeling. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to assess 68 Ga-FAPI uptake in the pulmonary vein (PV) region of the left atrium after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with cryoballoon ablation (CBA) and radiofrequency (RFA) as a surrogate for thermal damage.

Methods
Twelve PVI patients (5 RFA, 7 CBA) underwent 68 Ga-FAPI-PET 20.5 ± 12.8 days after PVI. Five patients without atrial fibrillation or previous ablation served as controls. Standardized uptake values of localized tracer uptake were calculated.

Results
Focal FAPI uptake around the PVs was observed in 10/12 (83.3%) PVI patients, no uptake was observed in 2 PVI patients and all controls. Patients after PVI had higher FAPI uptake in PVs compared to controls (SUVmax: 4.3 ± 2.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2, p < 0.01; SUVpeak: 2.9 ± 1.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.01). All CBA patients had an intense uptake, while in the RFA, group 2 (40%), 1 (20%), and 2 (40%) patients had an intense, moderate, and no uptake, respectively. We observed higher uptake values (SUVpeak) in CBA compared to RFA patients (4.4 ± 1.5 vs. 2.5 ± 0.8, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
We demonstrate in-vivo visualization of 68 Ga-FAPI uptake as a surrogate for fibroblast activation after PVI. CBA seems to cause more pronounced fibroblast activation following tissue injury than RFA. Future studies are warranted to assess if this modality can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of AF recurrence after PVI by lesion creation and gap assessment.
Therapy of clinical stage IIA and IIB seminoma: a systematic review
Authors: Heinzelbecker Julia , Schmidt Stefanie , Lackner Julia , Busch Jonas , Bokemeyer Carsten , Classen Johannes , Dieing Annette , Hakenberg Oliver , Krege Susanne , Papachristofilou Alexandros , Pfister David , Ruf Christian , Schmelz Hans , Schmidberger Heinz , Souchon Rainer , Winter Christian , Zengerling Friedemann , Kliesch Sabine , Albers Peter , Oing Christoph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The optimal treatment for clinical stage (CS) IIA/IIB seminomas is still controversial. We evaluated current treatment options.

Methods
A systematic review was performed. Only randomized clinical trials and comparative studies published from January 2010 until February 2021 were included. Search items included: seminoma, CS IIA, CS IIB and therapy. Outcome parameters were relapse rate (RR), relapse-free (RFS), overall and cancer-specific survival (OS, CSS). Additionally, acute and long-term side effects including secondary malignancies (SMs) were analyzed.

Results
Seven comparative studies (one prospective and six retrospective) were identified with a total of 5049 patients (CS IIA: 2840, CS IIB: 2209). The applied treatment modalities were radiotherapy (RT) (n = 3049; CS IIA: 1888, CSIIB: 1006, unknown: 155) and chemotherapy (CT) or no RT (n = 2000; CS IIA: 797, CS IIB: 1074, unknown: 129). In CS IIA, RRs ranged from 0% to 4.8% for RT and 0% for CT. Concerning CS IIB RRs of 9.5%–21.1% for RT and of 0%–14.2% for CT have been reported. 5-year OS ranged from 90 to 100%. Only two studies reported on treatment-related toxicities.

Conclusions
RT and CT are the most commonly applied treatments in CS IIA/B seminoma. In CS IIA seminomas, RRs after RT and CT are similar. However, in CS IIB, CT seems to be more effective. Survival rates of CS IIA/B seminomas are excellent. Consequently, long-term toxicities and SMs are important survivorship issues. Alternative treatment approaches, e.g., retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) or dose-reduced sequential CT/RT are currently under prospective investigation.
Lehrfilm über das geriatrische Basisassessment in der hausärztlichen Versorgung – Methoden filmischer Authentizität
Authors: Stiller G. , Stegemann R. , Afshar K. , Marschollek M. , Behrends M. 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Bedeutung der Versorgung älterer Personen in der hausärztlichen Praxis erfordert die Vermittlung von Handlungs- und Begründungswissen zur Durchführung eines geriatrischen Basisassessments (GBa) bereits im Medizinstudium. Handlungsbedarf zeigt sich dabei insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine realistische Wahrnehmung altersbedingter Einschränkungen durch Studierende. Der Beitrag beschreibt anhand eines Filmprojekts an der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH), wie die hausärztliche Versorgungssituation für Studierende authentisch vermittelt werden kann.

Methodik
Verschiedene filmische Mittel zur Herstellung von Authentizität wurden angewendet. Im Lehrmodul Allgemeinmedizin an der MHH wurde der Film eingesetzt. Die studentische Evaluation untersuchte die emotionale Wirkung des Filmgeschehens auf die Studierenden, und ob die Darstellung des GBa als authentisch wahrgenommen wird.

Ergebnisse
Die Authentizität der filmischen Darstellung hat die Mehrheit der Studierenden emotional berührt. Die Vermittlung der Komplexität der Behandlung älterer Menschen und die Darstellung der besonderen hausärztlichen Funktion in der geriatrischen Versorgung sind durch den Lehrfilm gut gelungen.

Diskussion
Die Studierenden erkannten die Notwendigkeit des GBa und fanden die Darstellung überwiegend realistisch. Individuelle filmische Rezeptionsweisen und Vorerfahrungen beeinflussen auch die Wahrnehmung der filmischen Gestaltungsform im Hinblick auf Realitätsdarstellung.
Glycemic control is not related to cerebral small vessel disease in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Inkeri Jussi , Adeshara Krishna , Harjutsalo Valma , Forsblom Carol , Liebkind Ron , Tatlisumak Turgut , Thorn Lena M. , Groop Per-Henrik , Shams Sara , Martola Juha , Putaala Jukka , Gordin Daniel ,   on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aims
To determine if medium- and long-term blood glucose control as well as glycemic variability, which are known to be strong predictors of vascular complications, are associated with underlying cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
A total of 189 individuals (47.1% men; median age 40.0, IQR 33.0–45.2 years) with type 1 diabetes (median diabetes duration of 21.7, IQR 18.3–30.7 years) were enrolled in a cross-sectional retrospective study, as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values were collected over the course of ten years before the visit including a clinical examination, biochemical sampling, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Markers of glycemic control, measured during the visit, included HbA1c, fructosamine, and glycated albumin.

Results
Signs of cSVD were present in 66 (34.9%) individuals. Medium- and long-term glucose control and glycemic variability did not differ in individuals with signs of cSVD compared to those without. Further, no difference in any of the blood glucose variables and cSVD stratified for cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) or white matter hyperintensities were detected. Neither were numbers of CMBs associated with the studied glucose variables. Additionally, after dividing the studied variables into quartiles, no association with cSVD was observed.

Conclusions
We observed no association between glycemic control and cSVD in neurologically asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes. This finding was unexpected considering the large number of signs of cerebrovascular pathology in these people after two decades of chronic hyperglycemia and warrants further studies searching for underlying factors of cSVD.
The effects of patient cost-sharing on health expenditure and health among older people: Heterogeneity across income groups
Authors: Kato Hirotaka , Goto Rei , Tsuji Taishi , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite rapidly rising health expenditure associated with population aging, empirical evidence on the effects of cost-sharing on older people is still limited. This study estimated the effects of cost-sharing on the utilization of healthcare and health among older people, the most intensive users of healthcare. We employed a regression discontinuity design by exploiting a drastic reduction in the coinsurance rate from 30 to 10% at age 70 in Japan. We used large administrative claims data as well as income information at the individual level provided by a municipality. Using the claims data with 1,420,252 person-month observations for health expenditure, we found that reduced cost-sharing modestly increased outpatient expenditure, with an implied price elasticity of  – 0.07. When examining the effects of reduced cost-sharing by income, we found that the price elasticities for outpatient expenditure were almost zero,  – 0.08, and  – 0.11 for lower-, middle-, and higher-income individuals, respectively, suggesting that lower-income individuals do not have more elastic demand for outpatient care compared with other income groups. Using large-scale mail survey data with 3404 observations for self-reported health, we found that the cost-sharing reduction significantly improved self-reported health only among lower-income individuals, but drawing clear conclusions about health outcomes is difficult because of a lack of strong graphical evidence to support health improvement. Our results suggest that varying cost-sharing by income for older people (i.e., smaller cost-sharing for lower-income individuals and larger cost-sharing for higher-income individuals) may reduce health expenditure without compromising health.
Performance assessment of GNSS-based real-time navigation for the Sentinel-6 spacecraft
Authors: Montenbruck Oliver , Kunzi Florian , Hauschild André 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe feasibility of precise real-time orbit determination of low earth orbit satellites using onboard GNSS observations is assessed using six months of flight data from the Sentinel-6A mission. Based on offline processing of dual-constellation pseudorange and carrier phase measurements as well as broadcast ephemerides in a sequential filter with a reduced dynamic force model, navigation solutions with a representative position error of 10 cm (3D RMS) are achieved. The overall performance is largely enabled by the superior quality of the Galileo broadcast ephemerides, which exhibits a two- to three-times smaller signal-in-space-range error than GPS and allows for geodetic-grade GNSS real-time orbit determination without a need for external correction services. Compared to GPS-only processing, a roughly two-times better navigation accuracy is achieved in a Galileo-only or mixed GPS/Galileo processing. On the other hand, GPS tracking offers a useful complement and additional robustness in view of a still incomplete Galileo constellation. Furthermore, it provides improved autonomy of the navigation process through the availability of earth orientation parameters in the new civil navigation message of the L2C signal. Overall, GNSS-based onboard orbit determination can now reach a similar performance as the DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite) navigation system. It lends itself as a viable alternative for future remote sensing missions.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Geographically Explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Sheck Isabelle , Tilchin Carla , Wagner Jessica , Epstein David H. , Burgess-Hull Albert , Jennings Jacky M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSyphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) has increased greatly in the past twenty years in the U.S. Geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA), in which behaviors are geotagged and contextualized in time and space, may contribute to a greater understanding of transmission risk. The objective was to determine the acceptability and feasibility of GEMA for assessing HIV and syphilis transmission risk behaviors among a sample of MSM. Participants responded to a brief survey five times a day for two weeks. Feasibility was measured by participant recruitment, enrollment, prompts received and answered, geotagged prompts, and technical interference with data collection. Acceptability was measured by ratings of enjoyment and willingness for future participation. Summaries of five behavioral measures from the brief survey were calculated. Among the 83 participants contacted, 67.5% (56) expressed interest, 98% (55) were scheduled, and 81.8% (45) were enrolled. Participants answered 78.3% (2,277) of prompts received and 87.7% (1,998) of answered prompts were geotagged. Overall, 70.5% (31) enjoyed participating and 91.1% (41) were willing to participate in the future. Among prompts answered, missingness was low for five behavioral measures (range 0.2% (4) to 0.7% (16)). Feasibility and acceptability were high and missingness was low on behavioral measures in this MSM study population. Most participants reported that they would participate again. Future work should focus on whether GEMA improves our understanding of syphilis and HIV transmission risk.