bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ScotCap registry: An evaluation of 1000 colon capsule endoscopy procedures carried out in Scotland
Authors: MacLeod C. , Rajapaksha N. , Brown C. , Hudson J. , Asif Z. , Watson A. J. M. ,   the ScotCap clinical leads
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimColon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has been deployed in Scotland as an alternative to colonoscopy. The aim of this work was to report the outcomes of patients undergoing CCE in Scotland from the national CCE registry.MethodPatients undergoing CCE in NHS Scotland between 1 August 2020 and 1 August 2021 were included in this study. Symptomatic and surveillance patients were vetted to undergo CCE by clinicians in four NHS Scotland health boards. Patient data were collected prospectively by an eHealth system managing CCE referral and report sign off. CCE procedural data were collected by a managed service carrying out CCE procedures. Data from both sources were compiled in the national CCE registry managed by Public Health Scotland.ResultsOne thousand and eighty‐seven patients were included in this study. The median age of patients was 60 years and 58.3% of patients were female. A haemoglobin(Hb) count was available for 657 (60.4%) patients and the mean value was 139 g/L. Faecal immunochemical test results were available for 762 (70.1%) patients, and of those with a test result 79.0% had a result ≥10 μgHb/g. The rates of complete test, adequate bowel preparation and successful test were 57.0%, 59.2% and 56.9%, respectively. Following CCE, no further test, colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy or gastroscopy were required for 42.0%, 34.1%, 22.7% and 2.6% of patients, respectively. Two (0.2%) patients experienced capsule retention with obstruction.ConclusionThese are the first reported outcomes from the ScotCap registry; they demonstrate that CCE is a safe alternative to colonoscopy and a significant proportion of patients avoid colonoscopy when CCE is implemented nationally.
Reported outcomes following cytoreductive surgery for colorectal peritoneal metastases: A systematic review to inform evidence‐based practice and international consensus
Authors: Raichurkar Pratik , Brown Kilian , Koh Cherry , Dela Cruz Annie , Sitharthan Darshan , Moran Brendan , Ansari Nabila , Ahmadi Nima , Solomon Michael , Steffens Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimCytoreductive surgery provides a chance for long‐term survival and cure in selected patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases. As clinical and academic interest in this field increases, heterogeneity in outcome reporting hinders the valid and meaningful synthesis of data into high‐quality meta‐analyses. The aim of this systemic review was to investigate variability in outcome reporting following cytoreductive surgery with or without intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases.MethodFive electronic databases [MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)] were interrogated from 2000 to October 2023 to identify all reported outcomes in the current literature. Extracted outcomes were catalogued and reviewed by a multidisciplinary working group into standardized terms and domains.ResultsA total of 294 studies, from 5112 screened, were included for analysis. We extracted 2903 outcomes verbatim from included studies and catalogued them into 85 standardized outcomes across seven outcome domains. The most frequently reported domains were survival, in 274 (93%) studies, and pathological outcomes, in 232 (79%) studies. Outcomes pertaining to function and life impact were only reported in seven (2%) studies. Reported outcomes were only defined in 35% of cases, and significant variability existed between definitions.ConclusionThis systematic review highlights the heterogeneity of outcome measurement and reporting following cytoreductive surgery for colorectal peritoneal metastases. Patient‐reported outcomes are relatively underrepresented in the current literature. The results of this review will inform an international collaborative effort to create a core outcome set to address these issues.
The association between acute transverse myelitis and COVID‐19 vaccination in Korea: Self‐controlled case series study
Authors: Lim Eunsun , Kim Yoo Hwan , Jeong Na‐Young , Kim Su‐Hyun , Won Heehyun , Bae Jong‐Seok , Choi Nam‐Kyong ,   COVID‐19 Vaccine Safety Committee (CoVaSC).
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute transverse myelitis (ATM) has been reported as a potential association between COVID‐19 vaccination. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the COVID‐19 vaccination and ATM.MethodsA self‐controlled case series study was performed using a large database that combine the COVID‐19 vaccine registry and the national claims database. The COVID‐19 vaccination data included information on individuals aged 18 and above who received COVID‐19 vaccination from February 26, 2021, to August 31, 2022. The claims database covered the entire Korean population for the period between January 1, 2002 to August 31, 2022. Patients who develop ATM within 1–42 days following COVID‐19 vaccination were included. The observation period was 270 days after the first dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using a conditional Poisson regression model.ResultsA total of 159 ATM patients were included. Among them, 82 (51.6%) were male, and mean age was 55.4 (±17.4) years. The IRR was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.76–3.30) for the ATM risk within 1–42 days after COVID‐19 vaccination. The IRR by vaccine product was 3.31 (95% CI: 1.81–6.05) for ChAdOx1‐S; 1.99 (95% CI: 1.30–3.03) for BNT162b2; 2.57 (95% CI: 1.14–5.97) for mRNA‐1273; and 3.33 (95% CI: 0.30–36.44) for Ad26.COV2.S.ConclusionThese findings indicated an increased risk of ATM following COVID‐19 vaccination within 42 days. An association with the risk of ATM was found both for viral vector and mRNA vaccines.
Diagnosis of Synchytrium endobioticum: the importance of sample pretreatment to determine the infectivity of resting spores in bioassays
Authors: Tlapák Hana , Chilla Friederike , Schmitt Anne‐Kristin , Büttner Peter , Flath Kerstin , Pucher Anna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPotato wart disease, caused by the soil‐borne, obligate biotrophic fungus Synchytrium endobioticum, is one of the most important diseases of cultivated potatoes. The fungus does not produce hyphae, but produces very thick‐walled sporangia (resting spores), so an infection with S. endobioticum results in a long‐term contamination of fields. Chemical control of the disease is not possible; consequently, potato production on infested fields is prohibited for many years. Reliable diagnosis of S. endobioticum is essential to preserve cultivation areas. A critical step is to determine the infectivity of resting spores. The new implementing regulation (EU) 2022/1195 recommends a bioassay based on soil samples in addition to microscopic analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil‐based bioassays for their ability to determine the infectivity of resting spores in infested soils. It was shown that the resting spores could be in a dormant state, in which they do not infect potatoes. In some cases, this dormancy could be broken by a certain sequence of moistening and aerating the soil. Reactivation of soil is therefore recommended prior to soil‐based bioassays. Microscopic analysis could not distinguish between dormant and infectious resting spores.
Managing Friends and Foes: Sanctioning Mutualists in Mixed‐Infection Nodules Trades off With Defense Against Antagonists
Authors: Wendlandt Camille E. , Basu Saumik , Montoya Angeliqua P. , Roberts Paige , Stewart Justin D. , Coffin Allison B. , Crowder David W. , Kiers E. Toby , Porter Stephanie S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSuccessful plant growth requires plants to minimize harm from antagonists and maximize benefit from mutualists. However, these outcomes may be difficult to achieve simultaneously, since plant defenses activated in response to antagonists can compromise mutualism function, and plant resources allocated to defense may trade off with resources allocated to managing mutualists. Here, we investigate how antagonist attack affects plant ability to manage mutualists with sanctions, in which a plant rewards cooperative mutualists and/or punishes uncooperative mutualists. We studied interactions among wild and domesticated pea plants, pea aphids, an aphid‐vectored virus (Pea Enation Mosaic Virus, PEMV), and mutualistic rhizobial bacteria that fix nitrogen in root nodules. Using isogenic rhizobial strains that differ in their ability to fix nitrogen and express contrasting fluorescent proteins, we found that peas demonstrated sanctions in both singly‐infected nodules and mixed‐infection nodules containing both strains. However, the plant's ability to manage mutualists in mixed‐infection nodules traded off with its ability to defend against antagonists: when plants were attacked by aphids, they stopped sanctioning within mixed‐infection nodules, and plants that exerted stricter sanctions within nodules during aphid attack accumulated higher levels of the aphid‐vectored virus, PEMV. Our findings suggest that plants engaged in defense against antagonists suffer a reduced ability to select for the most beneficial symbionts in mixed‐infection tissues. Mixed‐infection tissues may be relatively common in this mutualism, and reduced plant sanctions in these tissues could provide a refuge for uncooperative mutualists and compromise the benefit that plants obtain from mutualistic symbionts during antagonist attack. Understanding the conflicting selective pressures plants face in complex biotic environments will be crucial for breeding crop varieties that can maximize benefits from mutualists even when they encounter antagonists.
Leveraging Transfer Learning Domain Adaptation Model With Federated Learning to Revolutionise Healthcare
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Bharot Nitesh , Breslin John G. , O'Shea Donna , Mishra Anand Kumar , Vidyarthi Ankit , Gupta Deepak 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has been witnessing an increasing interest. Particularly, federated learning (FL) has become favourable due to its potential for enhancing model quality whilst maintaining data privacy and security. However, the effectiveness of present FL methodologies could underperform under non‐IID conditions, characterised by divergent data distributions across clients. The globally constructed FL model may suffer potent issues by allowing the least‐performing models to equal participation. Thus, we propose a new accuracy‐based FL approach (FedAcc) which only takes into account the clients' validation accuracy to consider their participation during global aggregation, also called Smart Healthcare Amplified (SHA). However, with limited supervised data it is challenging to increase the model performance thus concept of transfer learning (TL) is used. TL enables the global model to integrate knowledge from precomputed systems, resulting in an efficient model. However, the complexity of the global system is amplified by these TL models, leading to challenges related to vanishing gradients, particularly when dealing with a substantial number of layers. To mitigate this, we present a Transfer Learning Domain Adaptation Model (TLDAM). TLDAM employs a two‐layered sequentially trained TL model, which contains approximately 50% fewer layers compared to traditional TL models. TLDAM is trained on multiple datasets such as MNIST and CIFAR10, to enhance its knowledge and make it domain‐adaptive. Moreover, experimental results conducted on the UCI‐HAR dataset reveal the supremacy of our proposed framework with an accuracy of 94.2990%, F‐score of 94.2820%, precision of 94.3058%, and recall of 94.2993% over traditional FL techniques and state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Recognition at the Heart of the Complex Situations Experienced by People With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Mellier Jessica , Balis Aurélie , Defraine Fabian , Vanderhofstadt Quentin , Biagi Léa Di , Schetgen Marco , D'Ans Pierre , Foucart Jennifer , Mahieu Céline , Bengoetxea Ana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveChronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) is frequent in chronic diseases, decreasing the quality of life of these patients. In a survey conducted in Belgium in 2019, chronic pain was named by patients as the main factor of complexity in their lives. The objective of our research was to provide elements to understand why and how CMSP contributes to the complexity of these people's lives.DesignQualitative study through semi‐structured interviews.SettingThe study was conducted in Belgium with French‐speaking individuals. The interviews took place at the university, in a teaching hospital, in private clinics or in individuals' homes.ParticipantsWe included 24 individuals with CMSP and living complex situations. The recruitment was made in two phases in agreement with the grounded theory methodology and to reach the saturation of ideas.ResultsThe complexity experienced by people with CMSP turns around the notion of recognition, which can be broken down into 3 spheres: intimate, social and legal. The poor quality of listening and the fragmented vision of aid and care professionals generate a feeling of loneliness and incomprehension in the face of illness. The unsuitability of the world of work, the opacity of protocols and the attitude of medical experts reveal inequalities in access to recognition for immigrants and people of low socio‐professional status.ConclusionThe complexity of the situations experienced could be reduced by implementing health policies that facilitate: legal recognition of this illness; adaptability in the workplace; raising awareness about pain mechanisms; the risks of stigmatization and the need of interprofessional collaboration.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and the public participated in the dissemination of our research and were able to help us with recruitment through social networks (call for participation published on Facebook by the association ‘Aidants proches’) or word of mouth. The presentation of preliminary results at conferences as well as the publication of a public article in Belgian journals (http://www.lejournaldumedecin.com/magazine/douleurs-chroniques-un-veritable-parcours-du-combattant/article-normal-63055.html?cookie_check=1671467500%22) facilitated the contact with the public.
Quantification of atrial cardiomyopathy disease severity by electroanatomic voltage mapping and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sim Iain , Lemus Jose Alonso Solis , O'Shea Christopher , Razeghi Orod , Whitaker John , Mukherjee Rahul , O'Hare Daniel , Fitzpatrick Noel , Harrison James , Gharaviri Ali , O'Neill Louisa , Kotadia Irum , Roney Caroline H. , Grubb Neil , Newby David E. , Dweck Marc R. , Masci Pier‐Giorgio , Wright Matthew , Chiribiri Amedeo , Niederer Steven , O'Neill Mark , Williams Steven E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionAtrial late gadolinium enhancement (Atrial‐LGE) and electroanatomic voltage mapping (Atrial‐EAVM) quantify the anatomical and functional extent of atrial cardiomyopathy. We aimed to explore the relationships between, and outcomes from, these modalities in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing ablation.MethodsPatients undergoing first‐time ablation had disease severities quantified using both Atrial‐LGE and Atrial‐EAVM. Correlations between modalities and their relationships with clinical features and arrhythmia recurrence were assessed.ResultsIn 123 atrial fibrillation patients (60 ± 10 years), Atrial‐EAVM was moderately correlated with Atrial‐LGE (r = .34, p < .001), with a mean fibrosis burden of 47.2% ± 14.91%. Agreement was strongest in the highest tertile of fibrosis burden (mean of differences 16.8% (95% CI = −24.4% to 57.9%, p = .433). Fibrosis burden was greater for Atrial‐LGE than Atrial‐EAVM (50.7% ± 10.7% vs. 13.7% ± 7.13%, p < .005) for patients in the lowest tertile who were younger, had smaller atria and a greater frequency of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Both Atrial EAVM and Atrial LGE were associated with recurrence of arrhythmia following ablation (Atrial‐LGE HR = 1.02 (95% CI = 1.01–1.04), p = .047; Atrial‐EAVM HR = 1.02 (95% CI = 1.005–1.03), p = .007). A low fibrosis burden (<15%) by Atrial‐EAVM identified patients with very low arrhythmia recurrence. In contrast, a much higher fibrosis burden (>66%) by Atrial‐LGE identified patients failing to respond to ablation.ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that the level of agreement between Atrial‐EAVM and Atrial‐LGE is dependent on the level of atrial cardiomyopathy disease severity. The functional consequences of atrial cardiomyopathy are most evident in patients with the highest anatomical extent of disease.
TabHLH489 suppresses nitrate signaling by inhibiting the function of TaNLP7‐3A in wheat
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Xuepeng , Liu Songyu , Lyu Jinyang , Ge Zixuan , Bai Ming‐Yi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNitrate not only serves as the primary nitrogen source for terrestrial plants but also serves as a critical signal in regulating plant growth and development. Understanding how plant responses to nitrate availability is essential for improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops. Herein, we demonstrated that the basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor TabHLH489 plays a crucial negative regulatory role in wheat nitrate signaling. Overexpressing TabHLH489 significantly reduced nitrate‐promoted wheat growth and grain yield. Transcriptomic analysis showed that approximately 75% of nitrate‐responsive genes were no longerregulated by nitrate in the TabHLH489 overexpression lines. TabHLH489 directly interacts with TaNLP7‐3A, the wheat homolog protein of NIN‐like protein 7 (NLP7), a central transcription factor in nitrate signaling. This interaction impairs TaNLP7‐3A's ability to bind DNA, thereby inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Moreover, TabHLH489 induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to reduce the nuclear localization of TaNLP7‐3A, thereby diminishing its effectiveness in regulating the plant nitrogen response. These findings highlight the intricate regulatory mechanism by which TabHLH489 modulates TaNLP7‐3A activity through direct interaction and ROS‐mediated inhibition of nuclear localization. Our research highlights the critical roles of TabHLH489 and TaNLP7‐3A in modulating nitrate signaling, providing new gene targets for developing wheat varieties with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency.
Preparation and Evaluation of Complexed Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) Antiaging Hyaluronic Acid–Vitamin C Serum for Skin Care
Authors: Arkan Yousif Hawazin , Al‐Ani Israa , Hajleh Maha N. Abu , Matalqah Sina , Dayyih Wael Abu , Al‐Dujaili Emad A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is widely recognized for its powerful antioxidant properties, sparking considerable interest in its application within skincare treatments. However, its inherently poor water solubility has posed a major challenge in formulating effective skincare products.MethodsThis research aimed to develop and evaluate a water‐soluble CoQ10 serum by forming a complex with hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin (HPβCD). The study focused on assessing its physicochemical properties, CoQ10 concentration, spread ability, viscosity, pH, physical stability, irritation potential, and diffusion performance. The complexation process was carried out using kneading and trituration techniques, with thorough characterization via validated analytical methods such as solubility tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses.ResultsThe CoQ10–HPβCD complex prepared using the trituration technique at a 2:1 ratio (CoQ10 to HPβCD) demonstrated superior water solubility, reaching 17.5 ± 1.8 mg mL−1, the highest among the tested formulations. Moreover, this formulation achieved the greatest encapsulation efficiency, retaining 71% ± 3.8% of CoQ10. FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed the successful formation of the complex. The formulated serum exhibited shear‐thinning behavior, an optimal pH of 4.3 ± 0.2 closely aligning with the skin's natural acidity for enhanced compatibility—along with excellent spreadability and stability. Diffusion tests revealed a significant enhancement in solubility when CoQ10 was complexed, effectively overcoming its solubility barrier. Irritation tests validated the serum's safety for topical use.ConclusionThis study successfully developed a CoQ10 serum that overcame its solubility limitation, demonstrating favorable properties for skincare application. With its strong physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility, this formulation shows significant promise for broader incorporation into skincare products.
Tadalafil suppresses LPS‐induced inflammation and improves pregnancy outcomes in a pregnant mouse model
Authors: Yoshikawa‐Terada Kento , Takayama Erina , Uemura Midori , Toriyabe Kuniaki , Tachibana Ryota , Yajima Hideaki , Ikeda Tomoaki , Kondo Eiji , Takeuchi Hiroki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThis study investigated the efficacy of tadalafil in reducing inflammation and improving pregnancy outcomes in an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mouse model of perinatal complications.MethodsPregnant C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control (C), LPS (L), and LPS + tadalafil (LT). The LT group received tadalafil from 10 days post‐coitum (dpc), and LPS was administered intraperitoneally to the L and LT groups at 11 dpc. Mice were sacrificed 2 h post‐injection for inflammatory marker analysis, with plasma and placentas collected. Remaining mice were sacrificed at 14 dpc to assess miscarriage and FGR. Placental damage was scored, cytokine levels measured by ELISA, and TNFα and NF‐κB expression examined via immunohistochemistry.ResultsFetal weight was significantly lower in the L and LT groups compared to the C group, with the LT group showing a significant increase compared to the L group. Absorption rates were significantly higher in the L group compared to the C and LT groups. At 14 dpc, placental necrosis scores were significantly higher in the L and LT groups than in the C group, while the LT group showed a significant decrease compared to the L group. Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6) were significantly elevated following LPS administration but reduced with tadalafil treatment. Additionally, TNF‐α expression and NF‐κB activity in the placenta were significantly higher in the L group compared to the C and LT groups.ConclusionsTadalafil reduced inflammation and improved pregnancy outcomes, suggesting its potential for managing inflammation‐related perinatal complications.
Do higher insurance premiums provoke larger reported losses? An experimental study
Authors: Morrison William G. , Ruffle Bradley J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate whether the price paid for insurance explains dishonesty in reporting an insurance claim. In our laboratory experiment, participants earn money in a real‐effort task but risk losing some of this income through one of four randomly assigned, privately observed loss amounts. Before observing their loss, participants indicate their reservation price for insurance that pays an indemnity equal to their stated loss. Participants are insured if their randomly assigned premium is less than their stated reservation price. This mechanism provides data on each participant's consumer surplus from insurance. After receiving their cash earnings minus their assigned loss in private, participants report their loss. We find that the insured report modestly but statistically insignificant larger losses than the uninsured. Among the insured, we find no clear evidence that their reporting of excess losses increases in the randomly assigned price of insurance or decreases in the consumer surplus from insurance.