bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Twin Crises of Covid-19 and Racism: Pragmatic Mastery, Theory, Religion, and Ethics
Authors: Barber Michael D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In 2020, two crises emerged into prominence in the United States and other parts of the world: (1) the flourishing of the COVID-19 virus, in which the polarization and relativization of knowledge have hobbled efforts to prevent pandemic spread, and (2) the killing of George Floyd which has stirred worldwide protests against centuries of racial oppression and unbared an underlying racist ideology about the seemingly lesser value of Black people. It might seem that both these crises are unrelated, but this article argues that both crises are rooted in a common phenomenon, the surge of the pursuit of everyday pragmatic mastery beyond its legitimate boundary. This pursuit of mastery has instrumentalized structures of discourse, thereby undermining Alfred Schutz’s paradigm of the well-informed citizen seeking to understand dispassionately imposed relevances and the non-pragmatic provinces of meaning that might have restrained the pursuit of such mastery, such as the provinces of theoretical science and religious experience. As regards racism, the pursuance of such mastery results in transgressing and eliminating through violence the ethical boundaries the Levinasian other prescribes. These twin crises are not disparate happenings occurring now to remedy the tedium of the pandemic, but are bound together at the hip.
The 20-m Multistage Fitness Test and 2.4-km Run: Applications to Law Enforcement Fitness Assessment
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Dulla Joseph M. , Orr Robin M. , Dawes J. Jay 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Aerobic fitness tests are common in testing protocols for law enforcement candidates, recruits, and officers because of the importance of aerobic fitness for academy survivability and job task performance. Two popular tests are the 2.4-km run and 20-m multistage fitness test (20MSFT). The differences, strengths, and limitations for both tests are discussed in this article, with a focus on the pacing required in each test. The 2.4-km run typically uses an internal pacing strategy, while the 20MSFT features an external pacing strategy because of the audible beeps that increase the running speed in the test. For the 2.4-km run, self-motivation is required to complete the event, whereas for the 20MSFT, the external pacing requirement is more typical of a police foot pursuit where the offender dictates the pace. This may have greater application to job tasks, where pacing is often determined by external sources (e.g., pursuing and apprehending an offender). In addition, for the 20MSFT, the limited space required and ability to test indoors may make it more applicable for testing law enforcement personnel. Where possible, staff should explore the use of the most appropriate aerobic fitness test for use in their personnel, be it the 20MSFT or the 2.4-km run.
Terrestrial gastropods of Humait&aacute; Forest Reserve, southwestern Brazilian Amazon
Authors: de Lima Marcos Silva , Silva Fernanda dos Santos , Simone Luiz Ricardo Lopes , Salvador Rodrigo Brincalepe , Guilherme Edson 
Published: February 2021

The molluscan fauna of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia is poorly known due to the lack of focused collection areas in the region since the early 20th century. The present study provides an inventory of the terrestrial gastropods from a forest fragment in the eastern Acre state, Brazil: the Humaitá Forest Reserve (“Reserva Florestal Humaitá”). Live specimens and empty shells were collected between August 2018 and January 2019. A total of 20 species were identified, distributed in 11 families. Most (13) of these species were recorded in Acre for the first time. Furthermore, we confirm the occurrence of Systrophia helicycloides (d’Orbigny, 1835) in Brazil, reiterate the synonymy of Plekocheilus pentadinus (d’Orbigny, 1835) with P. floccosus (Spix in Wagner, 1827), and synonymize Solaropsis peruviana Haas, 1951 with S. juruana Ihering, 1905.
Masculinity and Rape in Spanish Cinema: Representation and Collective Imaginary
Authors: Guarinos Virginia , Sánchez-Labella Martín Inmaculada 
Published: February 2021

Commercial cinema in Spain, as in the rest of the world, has gone to great lengths to describe visually, without any intention of protest, each and every one of the forms of violence against women: physical, psychological, financial, social and, lastly, sexual. Beyond insinuating and intimidating compliments and gazes, sexual violence is something that is excepted in scripts, even in those of famous directors who create powerful female characters. The aim of this paper is to know how the Spanish directors, of both sexes, represent the topic of sexual violence, paying attention to the masculinity of the characters. To this end, a content analysis was performed on twelve films from a narrative perspective. In a second stage, employing methodological triangulation and a questionnaire as a quantitative tool, university students were asked about how they perceived the scenes of sexual violence in these films. The results show, on one side, that rape is the act of sexual violence more represented and, on the other hand, a lack of awareness about the treatment of rape in Spanish cinema, as well as its rejection by young audiences.
Health related quality of life among adults living with sickle cell disease in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akinbami Akinsegun A. , Kalejaiye Olufunto O. , Uche Ebele I. , Kareem Olawale A. , Bamiro Rafatu A. , Augustine Benjamin , Odebiyi Hassan A. , Balogun Abdul-Hafeez O. 
Published: February 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited haemoglobinopathy which involves the inheritance of haemoglobin S with any other abnormal haemoglobin from both parents. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) provides the patient’s view of his/her own wellbeing. This study was aimed at determining health related quality of life in SCD patients attending Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria using the World Health organization quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a descriptive, cross sectional study in which an interviewer-administered WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess health related quality of life of 250 SCD participants and 50 HbAA controls. The questionnaire assessment was based on physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23.0. P value was considered to be statistically significant at&lt;0.05. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Respondents mean age was 31.67±12.07 years. SCD participants scored generally lower than controls, regarding domains on physical, psychological and social health, however scores were at par on environmental domain. Physical health score was better in females with SCD than males, while males with SCD had a better social relationship than females. Psychological health and environment scores were almost equal in both males and females with SCD.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Health related quality of care is generally poor in SCD participants compared with HbAA controls, physical health is poorer in males with SCD than in females, however, psychological, social and environmental domains are similar in both genders.</p>
Prevalence of Occupational Contact Dermatitis and its related Factors among Surgical Technologists in Five Educational Centers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: PAHNABI Ali , RAMAZANI Solale , MOHAMMADI Ehsan , NASIRI Ebrahim 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Occupational skin diseases and hand contact dermatitis specifically are among the most common occupational diseases among the healthcare workers. Since surgical technologists have contact with allergens and irritant substances are more susceptible to hand contact dermatitis. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of occupational hand contact dermatitis and effective factors among surgical technologists in five educational centers affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted over 125 surgical technologists working in the hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences who were selected via census sampling. Later, 97 participants who met the inclusion criteria were investigated. Data were collected by Nordic Occupational Skin questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) through interview and analyzed by SPSS software version 23.
Results: The findings indicated that 68% of the examined technologists were female and 57.7% were over 37 years old. The prevalence of hand dermatitis was 45.4% (44 people). The highest prevalence was observed at the back of hands (24.7%) and between fingers (17.5%). Contact hand dermatitis had a significant correlation with the participants’ gender (p = 0.002), work experience (p = 0.028), and frequency of hand washes (p = 0.021). Moreover, having a history of eczema and allergy (P-Value≤ 0.01) was significantly effective in increasing hand contact dermatitis.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hand contact dermatitis is high among surgical technologists. Therefore, hospital managers are required to plan for preventive measures and control the current situation. Furthermore, future researchers are recommended to carry out more studies on allergic dermatitis.
Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences The Relationship between Job Stress and Work Ability in Nurses Affiliated to Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences in 2018
Authors: SALVARZI Elham , ASADI Nasrin 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Proper assessment of the employees’ ability to work from an economic point of view is important for employers since it is one of the ways to increase human resource productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and ability to work in nurses of hospitals affiliated to Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The present study was analytic and cross-sectional. The participants were 250 nurses with at least one year of work experience selected from all 8 hospitals affiliated to Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences using proportional sampling method. The dimensions of job stress and work ability were measured through the JCQ and WAI Questionnaires. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman correlation coefficient­, and Kruskal-Wallis were used by SPSS20.
Results: Work ability had a significant and direct correlation with and the decision making authority ( r= 0.161, p-value = 0.011) and physical isometric load (r= 0.136, p-value = 0.032). In contrast, a significant and inverse relationship was found between job ability and psychological needs (r=-0.177, p-value =0.005). No significant difference was observed between the ability to work and other dimensions of occupational stress.
Conclusion: In most nurses, moderate to high levels of job stress and moderate levels of job ability were observed. To reduce their job stress and increase their ability to work, free decision making and social support should be increased, physical and psychological stresses should be adjusted, and job security should be enhanced.
The potential of standard technologies for radiological diagnosis of posttraumatic breast abnormalities
Authors: Kasatkina L. I. , Lezhnev D. A. , Smyslenova M. V. , Abduraimov A. B. , Kaletskaya T. G. 
Published: February 2021

Rationale: A standard algorithm for the assessment of patients with breast trauma does not exist, as such trauma usually does not incur any significant health problems. However, according to existing clinical and work-up data and various radiological signs, posttraumatic abnormalities of the breast can mimic cancer lesions and complicate the differential diagnosis for a radiologist.Aim: To evaluate the potential of digital mammography and breast ultrasound examination in the identification of breast posttraumatic abnormalities and to describe their semiotics.Materials and methods: The study included 150 female patients aged 40 to 86 years (mean±SD, 60±11.9 years) with a history of breast trauma. Digital mammography with tomosynthesis (combined mode) and multiparametric ultrasound were able to identify breast abnormalities in 62 patients. The results of all assessments (n=62) were interpreted according to BI-RADS. Should any confirmation of the abnormalities be necessary, fine needle aspiration biopsy or core-biopsy with stereotaxic or ultrasound control were performed.Results: At mammography, the typical posttraumatic abnormality in the breast was fat necrosis (n=54). It was represented as nodular masses with round (20/34; 58.8%) or oval shape (13/34; 38.2%) and circumscribed margins. In most cases, the masses contained eggshell calcification (27/34; 79.4%). In 35.1% (19/54) of the cases fat necrosis was represented by various calcifications. At ultrasound, fat necrosis could be identified as avascular (40/40; 100%), mostly round (26/40; 65.0%), less frequently oval (12/40; 30.0%), and hypoechoic (19/40; 47.5%) masses with circumscribed margins. Atypical signs of fat necrosis (BIRADS 4) were found in 16.1% (10/62) of the cases, in which 7 (11.2%) core-biopsies with ultrasound control and 3 (4.8%) stereotaxic biopsies were performed. In all the cases, breast fat necrosis was confirmed, with various ratios of fibrous and necrotic fat tissue and lymphoid infiltration.Conclusion: In most cases, standard radiological methods used in the diagnostic algorithm for posttraumatic breast lesions are sufficient for the diagnosis. In uncertain diagnostic cases, morphological verification seems necessary.
Imaging modalities in the planning of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (standardization of scanning, measurements and reporting protocols)
Authors: Bulanova M. V. , Kokov L. S. , Muslimov R. Sh. 
Published: February 2021

This review describes the state of the art on the role of various imaging modalities in pre-operative preparation to transcatheter implantation of biological aortic valve prosthesis, based on the literature data published from 2012 to 2020. One of the key source documents is the consensus of the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) from 2019, providing the standardized protocols for scanning, measurements and description of the abnormalities identified. The final decision on the procedure of transcatheter aortic valve implantation should be based on the combination of all available diagnostic methods, clinical data and results of imaging by different modalities. Given the most comprehensive information content, the main diagnostic method is computed tomography. The radiologist and the multidisciplinary team should form a single entity, combining clinical and technical knowledge, discussing all the images and conclusions with other team members.
STILISTIKA PUISI KARYA MAHASISWA ASING DI IAIN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Maulida Siti Zumrotul 
Published: February 2021

This qualitative research aimed to describe the poetries of foreign students at IAIN Tulungagung. Most of the foreign students who study at IAIN Tulungagung are from Southern Thailand. Writing poetry is one of the language competence in the C2 level of BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing) curriculum. Seven foreign students who study at the 6th semester of Indonesian Education Department also took part in writing poetry class and the elective courses of BIPA. From the results of lecturing, students had poetry that was important to be studied because it can be used as an evaluation of the success of mastering language skills and language. In order to fulfill this goal, the poetry was examined stylistically. This Thai students’ poetry stylistic study combined the linguistic studies with a study of stylistic meaning. Linguistically, the results of this study indicated that the writing poetry mastery of foreign students at IAIN Tulungagung through objective factor was still very simple. As for the stylistic meaning in the reader's response (affective factor), Dominantly the poetries of foreign students at IAIN Tulungagung are humanistic problems. Hopefully, the results of this research can contribute in internationalizing of Bahasa Indonesia.
ANALISIS GAYA BAHASA (MAJAS) DAN MAKNA PADA CERPEN “TOMBAK SANG PENENUN“ KARYA BENNY ARNAS (KAJIAN STILISTIKA)
Authors: Fadhilah Umu 
Published: February 2021

This research problem was about language style and figure of speech in a short story and analyze about short story meaning of " Tombak sang Penenun by Benny Arnas based on stylists study . Purpose of this research was knowing use language figure of speech and types figure of speech that was in the novel. This research use stylists approach .This Research data used descriptive data in the form phrases, words, and sentence based on short story of " Tombak sang Penenun by Benny Arnas . The results of the study found that research prove existence there is three type group figure of speech contained in short story that is group figure of speech comparison that includes personification , metaphor , and antonomasiai while group figure of speech affirmation there isn’t in this short story.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM NOVEL CINTA SUCI ZAHRANA KARYA HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY
Authors: Nafisa Nuroini Najmiya , Kanzunnudin Mohammad , Roysa Mila 
Published: February 2021

Novel Cinta Suci Zahrana karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy merupakan novel yang menceritakan seorang perawan tua yang tak kunjung menikah karena karir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terdapat dalam novel Cinta Suci Zahrana karya habiburrahman El Shirazy. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik pencatatan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model pembacaan heuristik dan pembacaan hermenutik. Penyajian hasil analisis menggunakan penyajian informal. Nilai pendidikan yang terdapat dalam novel Cinta Suci Zahrana Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy meliputi (1) Nilai agama yang terdapat dalam novel Cinta Suci Zahrana adalah taat dalam beribadah, berdoa, bersabar, berdzikir, bersikap husnudzon kepada Allah SWT, dan bersyukur kepada Allah, (2) Nilai moral dalam novel Cinta Suci Zahrana adalah berbakti kepada kedua orang tua, memuliakan tamu, memiliki rasa malu, dan sikap rendah hati, (3) Nilai sosial yang terdapat dalam novel Cinta Suci Zahrana adalah tidak adanya deskriminasi, adanya dukungan dari seorang sahabat, dan sifat dermawan, (4) Nilai budaya yang terdapat dalam novel Cinta Suci Zahrana adalah percaya diri, mandiri, optimis, dan ikhtiar.
STRATEGI SOSIOAFEKTIF PEMELAJAR LAOS PADA KURSUS BAHASA INDONESIA DI KBRI VIENTIANE
Authors: Amalia Mufidah Nur 
Published: February 2021

Pemelajar asing yang belajar bahasa Indonesia menggunakan strategi guna mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Salah satu strategi yang digunakan oleh pemelajar asing dalam belajar bahasa Indonesia, yaitu strategi sosioafektif. Strategi sosioafektif tersebut berhubungan dengan interaksi pemelajar dengan lingkungannya untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan strategi sosioafektif yang digunakan oleh pemelajar Laos pada saat Kursus Bahasa Indonesia di KBRI Vientiane. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah pemelajar Laos tingkat pemula. Lokasi penelitian berada di KBRI Vientiane-Laos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi sosioafektif yang digunakan pada saat Kursus Bahasa Indonesia, yaitu (1) kerja sama, (2) bertanya untuk mengklarifikasi, dan (3) bicara kepada diri sendiri. Ketiga hal itu dilakukan guna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran secara efektif dan maksimal karena pada dasarnya manusia terlahir sebagai makhluk sosial
EKSPRESI KULTURAL MASYARAKAT MADURA DALAM CERPEN SKETSA SEBILAH CELURIT KARYA SUHAIRI
Authors: Naimah Navilatun , Mubayyamah Mubayyamah , Efendi Agik Nur 
Published: February 2021

Sastra merupakan karya yang bersifat imajinatif atau khayalan. Cerpen termasuk salah satu karya kategori sastra. Meski bersifat imajinatif, pembuatan cerpen banyak mengadopsi dari apa yang terlihat dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan pengembangan alur yang dibuat oleh penulis. Tak heran apabila terdapat karya yang menceritakan tentang ekspresi kebudayaan masyarakat yang berkembang pada masa itu. Cerpen yang berjudul Sketsa Sebilah Celurit karya Suhairi merupakan salah satu karya yang menceritakan tentang kebudayaan masyarakat Madura. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap ekspresi kultural Madura melalui pandangan antropologi sastra dalam cerpen tersebut. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi kultural dalam cerpen Sketsa Sebilah Celurit memiliki pranata yang dekat dengan kehidupan kemanusiaan Madura, seperti penggunaan peralatan, sistem agama, pencaharian masyarakat Madura.
Proximal Row Carpectomy in Young Patients
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Barras Laurel A. , Harstad Chelsea , Elhassan Bassem T. , Moran Steven L. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
There continues to be controversy regarding the treatment of early-stage arthritis of the wrist, particularly in young patients, because of the large number of techniques, the poor long-term results for many of these techniques, and the overall paucity of high-level scientific data. Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and 4-corner arthrodesis (4CA) have been established as the mainstay motion-sparing surgical treatment options in cases of early scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse arthritis. However, there is marked controversy surrounding the best treatment option for younger patients with greater physical demands because of the questionable outcomes associated with these motion-sparing options in such patients
1–9
. Traditionally, many surgeons prefer 4CA over PRC for young, high-demand patients, in part because studies have suggested that young age and work status as a laborer are important risk factors for worse outcomes following PRC
1,8
. However, the concern for symptomatic nonunion and potential for radiolunate arthritis in 4CA, as well as the lack of medium to long-term comparative studies in this subset, make this recommendation controversial
10
.

Description:
The wrist is accessed via the dorsal approach, creating a retinacular flap and a radially based ligament-sparing capsulotomy. The scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum are then excised en bloc. The radioscapholunate ligament is protected. The capsule and retinaculum and then repaired.

Alternatives:
Alternatives to PRC include nonoperative treatment, 4CA, capitolunate arthrodesis, posterior and anterior interosseous neurectomies, total wrist arthroplasty, and total wrist arthrodesis.

Rationale:
A recent study by Wagner et al. compared patients <45 years old who underwent either PRC or 4CA
11
. Overall, PRC and 4CA had similar complication rates, postoperative pain levels, wrist function, and long-term outcomes free of conversion to arthrodesis. Patients who underwent PRC had improved motion and fewer complications, whereas patients who underwent 4CA had slightly lower rates of radiocarpal arthritis. Therefore, in this technique article, we describe PRC for wrist arthritis in patients <45 years old.
Risk In Exploration And Production - Eliminating Risk Is Not An Option - It's How You Manage It That Matters!
Authors: SØrum Lars 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to provide insights as to what risk elements are observed in the US shale and tight oil and gas development and how they sit in a European setting. In doing so the paper explores the comparative advantages in prescriptive and performance based approaches for shale risk management and through discussing consequence based vs. risk based philosophies. The author uses metrics for below ground risks to compare risk levels. In doing so the paper aim to qualify what what is perceived as risk and what risks are measured in unconventional oil and gas exploration and production.