bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous blockade of the CD73/EGFR axis inhibits tumor growth
Authors: Ardeshiri Keivan , Hassannia Hadi , Ghalamfarsa Ghasem , Jafary Hanieh , Jadidi Farhad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTargeting the influencing factors in tumor growth and expansion in the tumor microenvironment is one of the key approaches to cancer immunotherapy. Various factors in the tumor microenvironment can in cooperation stimulate tumor growth, suppress anti‐tumor immune responses, promote drug resistance, and ultimately enhance tumor recurrence. Therefore, due to the dependence and close cooperation of these axes, their combined targeting can have a greater effect compared to their individual targeting. Among the important factors affecting tumor growth in the tumor region, CD73 and EGFR play an important role in tumor growth by stimulating each other's expression and function. Therefore, we intended to use the nanocarriers that we had previously produced and characterized to deliver anti‐CD73 and EGFR siRNAs to murine breast cancer 4T1 cells. Silencing CD73 and EGFR could significantly induce cell death in cancer cells. Downregulation of the CD73/EGFR axis also suppressed the migratory and proliferative potential of cancer cells. This therapeutic strategy also inhibited tumor growth in in ovo model. These findings imply that simultaneous targeting of CD73 and EGFR in breast cancer can be considered a novel immunotherapeutic approach that needs further investigation in future studies.
Emission characteristics of ethanolamine and ammonia in CO2 capture process by chemical absorption based on ethanolamine solution
Authors: Yu Xiaowen , Wu Hao , Li Wenrui , Yang Hongmin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe massive emission of greenhouse gases represented by CO2 has led to many environmental and climate problems. Chemical absorption after combustion has become an effective method for CO2 capture. Meanwhile, this method also leads to potential emission of pollutants, consisting mainly of ethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia (NH3). However, few studies focus on the emission characteristics of pollutants in chemical absorption systems and the factors influencing the emissions.RESULTSIn this experiment, MEA and NH3 emissions during the CO2 capture process by the chemical absorption method under different conditions, such as flue gas and absorbent solution temperature, liquid‐to‐gas ratio, CO2 concentration in the flue gas, and absorbent CO2 loading, were investigated. The results indicate that the MEA and NH3 are released during the CO2 capture process, and the amount of release varies with many parameters. Under typical conditions, the emissions of MEA and NH3 were stabilized at 85.8 and 21.5 mg Nm−3, respectively. The emissions of MEA and NH3 increased steadily with the temperature of the flue gas and increasing absorbent solution. Higher liquid‐to‐gas ratio led to more MEA and NH3 emissions, and higher absorbent CO2 loading could inhibit the MEA and NH3 emissions. Calculation of the maximum reduction rate also showed that CO2 loading has the greatest impact on pollutant emissions, and optimizing it reduces pollutant emissions by at least 40%.CONCLUSIONIt was found that pollution emissions can be controlled by optimizing operating parameters, which can provide a reference for reducing pollutant emissions in the industry. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Waveguide Evanescent Field Fluorescence Microscopy Images of Osteoblast Cells: The Effect of Trypsin and Image Processing Using TrackMate
Authors: Hassanzadeh Abdollah , Elyasi Seyed Navid , Salih Siyamand , Abdulkareem Sarkew Salah , Saeed Salah Raza 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWaveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy (WEFF) is an evanescent‐based microscopy that utilizes a confined thin film of light, around 100 nm, to image the plasma membrane of cells attached to a waveguide. Low photobleaching and low background besides its high axial resolution allows time‐lapse imaging to investigate changes in cell morphology in the presence or absence of chemical agents. Both large field of view (FOV) and uniform illumination are very important while imaging cell‐substrate contacts with an evanescent field. In the current study, we demonstrate that the WEFF microscope is capable of large FOVs with a uniform illumination source and imaging over a very long time period with a simple and inexpensive experimental setup. The interaction of the trypsin with plasma membranes of live osteoblast cells is investigated. To analyze cell images (250 images), instead of relying on manual tracking, which is time‐consuming and can introduce numerous errors, we performed image processing using TrackMate to investigate the dynamic response of cells upon exposure to trypsin. This helps to save time and increase the accuracy of the analysis. The powerful tracking and analysis capabilities of the TrackMate plugin in ImageJ are used to automatically detect the cells border and trace each cluster of cells. The reduction in cell area is accompanied by a notable increase in mean intensity, reflecting changes in the intracellular environment. However, the background did not change during the experiment, which proves that the fluorescence material remains attached to the cell membrane and does not leak into the cell medium.
Assessing chest radiographic quality and the influence of COVID‐19 pathology: the Australian experience
Authors: O'Reilly Peter , Abu Awwad Dania , Lewis Sarah , Ekpo Ernest , Reed Warren 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionQuality assurance (QA) in medical imaging ensures consistently high‐quality images at acceptable radiation doses. However, the applicability of the chest X‐ray (CXR) QA tool in images with pathology, particularly infectious diseases like COVID‐19, has not been explored. This study examines the utility of the European Guidelines for image quality in QA of CXRs with varying severity and types of infectious disease.MethodsA convenient sampling methodology was employed to recruit 25 participants (qualified radiographers: n = 13 and 4th‐year undergraduate radiography students: n = 12) to evaluate 70 CXR images using the European Guidelines for image quality in CXRs. The image dataset comprised of COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 cases, which were randomly selected to reflect routine clinical practice variability. Participants independently rated image quality based on 10 criteria in the European guidelines on quality criteria for CXRs using a six‐point Likert scale. Image quality ratings of normal and pathological CXR images were compared using a Kruskal–Wallis test. Spearman's ranked order correlation was used to assess the association between quality criteria ratings.ResultsCXRs with no pathology or non‐COVID pathologies exhibited statistically higher total QA scores compared to CXRs with COVID‐19 and indeterminate COVID‐19 (P < 0.001). This trend was evident across various QA factors, especially those associated with patient inspiration. Higher levels of infection corresponded to lower QA ratings. No differences were found between different pathologies regarding the medial border of the scapulae being outside the lung fields.ConclusionsSevere pathology negatively impacts the technical quality of CXRs with COVID‐19 features without necessarily affecting their diagnostic value. The findings emphasise the need to prioritise diagnostic ability over technical quality when evaluating CXRs exhibiting diffuse signs of pathology.
Treatment Decision‐Making Among Chinese Americans With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hur Kevin , Gao Jaynelle , Adili Amila , Tam Benjamin , Herrera Kevin , Rice Dale , Wrobel Bozena , Wu Shinyi 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThere has been limited research on the influence of race and ethnicity on treatment decision‐making for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This prospective study aims to investigate potential factors linked to treatment modality choice among patients with medically refractory CRS, distinguishing between Chinese American and non‐Chinese American patients.MethodsCRS patients with persistent symptoms despite prior medical treatment were prospectively enrolled. These patients chose either to continue medical treatment or to undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to alleviate CRS symptoms. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared using bivariate analysis. The association between ethnicity and treatment modality choice was assessed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 134 patients (29.1% Chinese Americans) included, 79 patients (59.0%) elected to undergo ESS. No significant differences in demographics, nasal polyp status, comorbidities, Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Lund–Mackay, or modified Lund–Kennedy scores were found between the treatment groups. After adjusting for age, income, and SNOT‐22 score, non‐Chinese American patients were more inclined to select ESS (OR = 7.92; 95% CI: 2.95–21.28; p < 0.001) as opposed to Chinese American patients. Chinese American patients who underwent ESS had a clinically significant improvement in SNOT‐22 scores at 1 month (−11.29 points) and 3 months (−16.29 points) postoperatively.ConclusionsChinese American patients with refractory CRS are less likely to opt for ESS compared to non‐Chinese American patients. Surgical treatment is effective in improving quality of life, as measured by the SNOT‐22, among Chinese American CRS patients. Further investigations are warranted to identify factors contributing to surgical hesitancy.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Unlocking Secure Optical Multiplexing with Spatially Incoherent Light
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Xiaofei , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Wang Fei , Peng Xiaofeng , Cai Yangjian , Liang Chunhao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile coherent light holds promise for optical multiplexing via orthogonal degrees of freedom, its vulnerability to disturbances often results in information loss and retrieval hurdles, primarily due to its reliance on first‐order optical parameters. Herein, an incoherent optical information multiplexing and retrieval protocol is proposed theoretically and verified experimentally by harnessing the two‐point field correlations of structured random light. The optical information is securely stored in the multiplexed field correlations which are inaccessible to a direct capture by a camera and retrieved only through rigorous statistical processing. The inherently incoherent nature of random waves makes this protocol crosstalk‐free in principle and guarantees its high fidelity even in an extremely noisy environment. The advanced protocol opens new horizons in an array of fields, such as optical cryptography and optical imaging, and it can be relevant for information processing with random waves of diverse physical nature, including acoustic and matter waves.
NMR Spectroscopic Reference Data of Synthetic Cannabinoids Sold on the Internet
Authors: Hubner Eva‐Maria , Schmid Martin G. , Manojlovic Verina , Gattringer Daniela , Pferschy‐Wenzig Eva‐Maria , Kunert Olaf 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBesides classic illegal drugs, numerous designer drugs, also called new psychoactive substances (NPSs), are available on the global drug market. One of the biggest and fastest‐growing substance classes comprises the synthetic cannabinoids. According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 254 out of 950 monitored substances belong to this group of NPS, with 9 new cannabinoids registered for the first time in 2023. For their purchase, it is not necessary to use the dark web. Due to the structural differences compared to the illegal Δ9‐THC (delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol), the legal status changes and the synthetic cannabinoids are available via clear web pages. They come as powders or dissolved and sprayed onto non‐psychoactive layers such as cannabidiol hemp, industrial hemp or also on other plant material like herbal tea mixtures or dried flowers. These adulterated plant parts can be smoked as a substitute to the psychoactive and in many countries illegal Δ9‐THC‐containing hemp. The main task of this project was to check the identity of online available synthetic cannabinoid samples and to generate experimental data using a combination of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and NMR‐based structure elucidation. In total, 25 substances in solid state were bought from various online shops. They turned out to be 21 synthetic cannabinoids after analysis, including 13 with no or incomplete experimental NMR data available in the literature and one, CH‐PIATA, which has not been mentioned in literature yet. More than 50% of the acquired substances were falsely declared.
Effect of Motivational Interviewing and Exercise on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Akinrolie Olayinka , Abioke Uchechukwu B. , Kolawole Francis O. , Askin Nicole , Anieto Ebuka M. , Itua Serena A. , Akin Oluwatoyin G. , Eromosele Blessing , Idowu Opeyemi A. , Fawole Henrietta O. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) and its concomitant cost implications have continued to rise across the globe. Currently, there is no effective treatment for CLBP that leads to long‐term improvement. Hence, there is growing recognition of the need for behaviour techniques including motivational interviewing (MI) to address CLBP.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of MI and exercise on pain in individuals with CLBP.MethodWe searched for trials in seven databases from inception to April 2024. Trials were included if MI was used alone or in addition to an exercise programme for improving CLBP in adults aged (≥ 18 years).ResultsFrom 3062 records retrieved, we included three randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Only one study was rated as having a low risk of bias. There is no evidence to support the benefit of MI and exercise on improving pain (SMD‐0.23, 95% CI‐0.55 to 0.09, I2 = 0%, p = 0.16), disability (MD‐1.80, 95% CI‐4.55 to 0.94, I2 = 85%, p = 0.20) and physical functioning (SMD 0.00, 95% CI‐1.31 to 1.32, I2 = 93%, p = 0.99).ConclusionThere is insufficient evidence to support the effect of MI and exercise on pain in individuals with CLBP. More large‐scale RCTs are needed in evaluating the effectiveness of MI and exercise in individuals with CLBP.
Fe─N4 and Fe7Co3 Nanoalloy Dual‐Site Modulation by Skeleton Defect in N‐Doped Graphene Aerogel for Enhanced Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst in Zinc‐air Battery
Authors: Tang Rujuan , Yuan Xiaona , Yang Wenxin , Zhang Haiyan , Lu Yan , Zhang Renjie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe dual‐site electrocatalysts formed by metal single atoms combines with metal nanoparticles represent a promising strategy to enhance both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Herein, defect engineering is applied to dual‐site ORR and OER electrocatalysts. Its design, synthesis, structural properties, and catalytic performance experimentally and theoretically are insightfully studied for the single‐atomic Fe─N4 and the adjacent Fe7Co3 nanoalloy (FeCoNA) as dual‐site loading on nitrogen‐doped graphene aerogel (Fe─N/FeCo@NGA). The high‐density dual‐sites, together with the good electronic conductivity of NGA, synergistically improve the electronic structure for superior electrocatalytic activity. The half‐wave potential of Fe─N/FeCo@NGA in ORR is 0.92 V and the overpotential of it in OER is 1.58 V. Corresponding all‐solid‐state Zn‐air battery demonstrates a peak power density of 147.6 mW cm−2 and charge/discharge durability for over 140 h. Theoretical calculations reveal that the single‐atomic Fe‐N4 and FeCoNA dual‐site on the skeleton defect optimized NGA, further refine the local electronic structure, modulating the tensile force on the O─O bond in *OOH intermediate, leading to its spontaneous dissociation and facilitating a significantly reduced energy barrier. This work takes a promising shortcut in the application of defect engineering for the development of highly efficient dual‐site bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with single atoms.
Progress of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells: Structure and Performance
Authors: Yang Liyan , Li Xiaofang , Li Mufang , Liu Dan , Wang Dong , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract2D perovskite has demonstrated great potential for application in photovoltaic devices due to the tunable energy bands, suppressed ion migration, and high stability. However, 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) display suboptimal efficiency in comparison to 3D perovskite solar cells, which can be attributed to the quantum confinement and dielectric confinement effects resulting from the intercalation of organic spacer cations into the perovskite lattice. This review starts with the fundamental structural characteristics, optoelectronic properties, and carrier transport dynamics of 2D PSCs, followed by the discussion of approaches to improve the photovoltaic performance of 2D PSCs, including the manipulation of crystal orientation, phase distribution, pure phase, organic layer, and device engineering. Then the advancements in the structural, humidity, thermal, and maximum power point tracking stability of 2D PSCs are summarized. Afterward, the applications of 2D perovskite in 2/3D PSCs to improve efficiency and stability are discussed. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between 2D perovskite structure and the performance of the resulting 2D PSCs, as well as offers insights for constructing efficient and stable 2/3D PSCs by integrating 2D and 3D perovskites.
Multifunctional DNA‐Metal Nanohybrids Derived From DNA‐MgPPi Microhybrids by Rolling Circle Amplification
Authors: Kim Young Min , Nam Keonwook , Kim Hee Yeon , Yang Kyungjik , Kim Byeong‐Su , Luo Dan , Roh Young Hoon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRolling circle amplification (RCA)‐derived ultra‐long DNA is highly attractive and versatile because of its diverse functionalities conferred by repeated DNA nanostructures. However, magnesium pyrophosphate (MgPPi) crystals, as byproducts of RCA, electrostatically interact with the DNA to form DNA microhybrids and hamper its broad bioapplications, as its large size is unfavorable for cellular uptake and decreases the density of functional DNA nanostructures. In this study, finely tuned synthesis strategies are developed to condense the microhybrids and replace non‐functional MgPPi crystals with various functional metal nanostructures by reducing metal ions. By applying this condensation and reduction process to DNA templated by microhybrids, the particle size of organic‐inorganic DNA‐MgPPi microhybrids is gradually reconfigured into DNA‐Au nanohybrids (≈15 fold difference). The effects of the ion concentration and metal ion type on the reduction process are systematically explored through morphological, structural, and compositional analyses. Upon formation of the nanohybrids, the preservation of Au nanostructures and polymerized DNA nanostructure‐driven functions are evaluated. The nanohybrids demonstrated not only metal nanoparticle‐based near‐infrared absorbance but also DNA aptamer‐mediated targeted intracellular delivery, indicating successful hybridization of functional organic–inorganic molecules. This synthesis method for RCA‐originated ultra‐long DNA‐metal nanohybrids shows potential for a variety of biological applications.
An Integrated, Portable, and Automatic Digital Detection System for Hepatitis B Virus Using Hybrid Magnetic System
Authors: Han Xiaoying , Yin Juxin , Wang Yu , Zhuang Jianjian , Hu Kai , Gui Yehong , Mei Haohua , Tong Jizhi , Mu Ying 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe rapid, precise, and automated diagnosis of infectious diseases is crucial for effective disease management and control. Herein, the integrated portable and automatic digital detection system (IPADS), a novel diagnostic platform for nucleic acid detection is introduced. The device employs the hybrid magnetic system (HMS), which uses an electromagnet and a movable permanent magnet to modulate the magnetic field and control bead movement, increasing nucleic acid extraction efficiency to over 80%, while simplifying the traditional labor‐intensive process and enabling quick, low‐risk sample processing. Additionally, a disposable cartridge is designed for integrated HMS based preprocessing, with detection performed using digital RPA‐Cas12a, enabling rapid, enclosed, and automation‐friendly detection across a dynamic range spanning five orders of magnitude, with a sensitivity as low as 100 copies mL−1 in serum samples. An automated platform further optimizes workflow. As a proof of concept, IPADS is applied to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in 20 clinical serum samples, demonstrating high concordance with gold‐standard quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods. These results validate the potential of IPADS as a reliable point‐of‐care testing solution.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Surma Tim , Vanhees Claudio , Wils Michiel , Nijlunsing Jasper , Crato Nuno , Hattie John , Muijs Daniel , Rata Elizabeth , Wiliam Dylan , Kirschner Paul A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOver the course of several decades, the position of knowledge within education has been marked by turbulence and notable fluctuations.
Thermodynamics from the S-matrix reloaded, with applications to QCD and the confining Flux Tube
Authors: Baratella Pietro , Miró Joan Elias , Gendy Emanuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over the past decade and more, S-matrix-based calculational methods have experienced a resurgence, proving to be both an elegant and powerful tool for extracting physical quantities without the need for an underlying Lagrangian formulation. In this work, we critically review and further develop the formalism introduced by Dashen, Ma, and Bernstein, which connects the thermodynamics of relativistic systems to the information contained in their scattering amplitudes. As a demonstration, we revisit the computation of the QCD equation of state to leading order in the strong coupling, showcasing the advantages of this method over traditional Thermal Field Theory techniques. Additionally, we apply these tools to the effective theory of a long confining Flux Tube in D dimensions, analyzing thermal effects up to and including NNLO contributions. Our results are compared with those obtained using the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz method. We also discuss how these techniques enable the inclusion of non-universal effects in the study of Flux Tubes, while relying solely on the S-matrix as input.