bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-shot measurement of object with high reflectivity surfaces base on deep learning
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Li Jinlong , Wan Yingying , Luo Lin , Gao Xiaorong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) technique is a widely used method in three-dimensional measurement and has broad applications in industrial measurement. This method typically requires projecting multiple phase-shifted fringe patterns to achieve high-precision imaging. However, in industrial contexts, the measured objects are often metallic components with high reflectivity, which would adversely affect the reconstruction quality of FPP. High Dynamic Range (HDR) technology can effectively address such issues; however, it requires an increased number of projected fringe patterns, which reduces measurement efficiency. This paper proposes a single-shot 3D measurement method that combines traditional HDR techniques with deep learning to measure objects with highly reflective surfaces. The method employs two network models: the Phase Recovery Network (PRNet) and the Coarse Phase Unwrapping Network (CPUNet). PRNet receives a single fringe image with saturated pixels and outputs the numerator and denominator terms for phase retrieval. CPUNet takes the wrapped phase data processed through an arctangent function from PRNet’s output and predicts the coarse unwrapped phase to assist in phase unwrapping, yielding high-precision phase results. Experiments show that this approach requires only one shiny fringe image as input and effectively restores phase errors caused by high reflectivity, achieving a high reconstruction accuracy for the complete 3D shape of the object.
Study on influence of types and numbers of inner-layer shape on failure mechanism of layered alumina ceramic under three-point bending and bending fatigue load
Authors: Hou Pengliang , Chen Yang , Jing Huantao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the failure mechanism of Layered Alumina Ceramic (LAC) with different types and numbers of inner-layer shapes was investigated under three-point bending (TPB) and bending fatigue load. Moreover, finite element analysis (FEA) models were established. Results of the experiment and FEA models indicate that specimens with different types and numbers of inner-layer shapes show excellent mechanical behavior. Introducing inner-layer shapes causes crack deflection, improving the bending strength and bending fatigue life of LAC specimens with arched or trapezoidal inner-layer shapes. However, taking the trapezoidal inner-layer shape as an example, if its number is more than or less than 19, the deflection of cracks in the inner layer is hindered, reducing the specimen’s mechanical properties. Furthermore, all LAC specimens show a mixed fracture mode. When a trapezoidal or arched inner-layer shape is adopted, transgranular cracks are significantly increased, improving its mechanical properties. However, the number of transgranular cracks is further reduced by changing the number of trapezoidal inner-layer shapes. Therefore, LAC specimens show poor mechanical behavior. In summary, LAC specimens with 19 arches or trapezoids in the inner layer show excellent mechanical properties. This research offers component design engineers the optimal types and numbers of inner-layer shapes for layered alumina ceramic, thereby enhancing the service life of ceramics.
Carbon sequestration effects of agricultural high-quality development: evidence from China’s high-standard farmland construction
Authors: Zhou Yufei , Hu Qiuguang , Li Shuqin , Wang Minglan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on the perspective of carbon sequestration, this paper selects county-level panel data from China from 2000 to 2017 and uses a Difference-in-Differences (DID) Model to examine the impact of the high-standard basic farmland construction (HSFC) on the enhancement of regional carbon sequestration capacity. The results indicate that the HSFC policy enhances the carbon sequestration capacity in the respective areas. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that counties with more significant promotion and implementation of HSFC exhibit substantially better local carbon sequestration capacity compared to those that were early pilot areas. Non-grain-producing counties with smaller agricultural production scales exhibit better carbon sequestration effects when implementing the HSFC policy compared to grain-producing counties. HSFC also shows varying carbon sequestration effects in different regions of cropping systems. Further analysis reveals that the improvement in agricultural mechanization and the reduction in fertilizer application can effectively enhance the carbon sequestration effects of the HSFC policy. Moreover, HSFC has significant policy spillover effects that can enhance agricultural carbon sequestration levels in neighboring regions.
Optimization of FSP parameters in fabricating AA5083/Coal composites using Taguchi method
Authors: Muribwathoho Oritonda , Msomi Velaphi , Mabuwa Sipokazi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the optimization of Friction Stir Processing parameters to fabricate AA5083/Coal composites using the Taguchi method. The influence of key process parameters—tool tilt angle, tool rotation speed, and traverse speed—on the mechanical properties of the composites was evaluated, specifically focusing on ultimate tensile strength, microhardness, and elongation. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was employed to minimize the number of experiments and maximize the efficiency of parameter selection. A Hounsfield tensile test machine was used to evaluate ultimate tensile strength, and Innova Test Falcon 500 hardness testing machine was used to determine microhardness. The highest ultimate tensile strength, microhardness and percentage elongation achieved with the orthogonal arrays were 242 MPa, 96.27 HV, and 22.43%, respectively. The optimal parameters were identified as a tool tilt angle of 2°, a tool rotation speed of 900 rpm, and a traverse speed of 60 mm min−1 based on signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, an analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the parameter contributions. Analysis of Variance revealed that rotational speed had the most significant impact on microhardness and percentage elongation, while tilt angle most strongly influenced ultimate tensile strength. This study demonstrates the viability of coal particles as a cost-effective reinforcement material for AA5083 composites and provides a robust framework for optimizing friction stir processing parameters using statistical methods.
LOGOWheat: deep learning–based prediction of regulatory effects for noncoding variants in wheats
Authors: Kong Lingpeng , Cheng Hong , Zhu Kun , Song Bo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Identifying the regulatory effects of noncoding variants presents a significant challenge. Recently, the accumulation of epigenomic profiling data in wheat has provided an opportunity to model the functional impacts of these variants. In this study, we introduce Language of Genome for Wheat (LOGOWheat), a deep learning–based tool designed to predict the regulatory effects of noncoding variants in wheat. LOGOWheat initially employs a self-attention-based, contextualized pretrained language model to acquire bidirectional representations of the unlabeled wheat reference genome. Epigenomic profiling data are also collected and utilized to fine-tune the model, enabling it to discern the regulatory code inherent in genomic sequences. The test results suggest that LOGOWheat is highly effective in predicting multiple chromatin features, achieving an average area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.8531 and an average area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.7633. Two case studies illustrate and demonstrate the main functions provided by LOGOWheat: assigning scores and prioritizing causal variants within a given variant set and constructing a saturated mutagenesis map in silico to discover high-impact sites or functional motifs in a given sequence. Finally, we propose the concept of extracting potential functional variations from the wheat population by integrating evolutionary conservation information. LOGOWheat is available at http://logowheat.cn/.
Diagnostic value of the ovarian adnexal reporting and data system ultrasound in ovarian masses: a 2-center study
Authors: Teng Fei , Xie Honglei , Wei Hong , Che Dehong , Wang Hongbo , Wu Chengwei , He Xin , Dong Xiaoqiu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the ovarian adnexal reporting and data system (O-RADS) and ultrasound (US) and its sub-classification system for distinguishing ovarian masses.

Methods
O-RADS US was used for the retrospective analysis of 606 ovarian masses of Chinese from 2 medical centres by 2 gynaecologic sonographers with varying experience. The O-RADS 4 categories masses were further sub-classified into O-RADS 4a and O-RADS 4b through 3 different approaches (O-RADS A1/A2/A3).

Results
The AUC of O-RADS US for differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses was 0.927 (95% CI, 0.903-0.946, P &lt; .001). The optimal cut-off value for predicting malignancy was &gt;O-RADS 3, with sensitivity and specificity of 98.60% and 68.90%, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the 3 sub-classification systems surpassed that of O-RADS US (P &lt; .05). Specifically, A2 approach (within O-RADS 4 lesions, unilocular and multilocular cysts with solid components were sub-classified as O-RADS 4b, whereas the remaining O-RADS 4 lesions were sub-classified as O-RADS 4a) resulted in an AUC of 0.942 (95% CI, 0.921-0.960, P &lt; .001). The best cut-off value predicting malignancy was &gt;O-RADS 4a, exhibiting relatively high specificity (82.51%) and maintaining a high sensitivity (93.01%).

Conclusion
The diagnostic efficacy of O-RADS US for identifying ovarian tumours is good, but specificity is slightly lower. This study enhanced diagnostic specificity after subclassifying O-RADS 4 lesions, especially A2 approach. It holds significant clinical value for Chinese women and merits further clinical promotion and application.

Advances in knowledge
The sub-classification of O-RADS US allows better identifying ovarian tumours, facilitating informed preoperative clinical management and diagnosis.
Dissociable components of visual perceptual learning characterized by non-invasive brain stimulation: Stage 1 Registered Report
Authors: Maniglia Marcello 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Visual perceptual learning (VPL), the training-induced improvement in visual tasks, has long been considered the product of neural plasticity at early and local stages of signal processing. However, recent evidence suggests that multiple networks and mechanisms, including stimulus- and task-specific plasticity, concur in generating VPL. Accordingly, early models of VPL, which characterized learning as being local and mostly involving early sensory areas, such as V1, have been updated to embrace these newfound complexities, acknowledging the involvement on parietal (i.e. intra-parietal sulcus) and frontal (i.e. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) areas, in aspects concerning decision-making, feedback integration and task structure. However, evidence of multiple brain regions differentially involved in different aspects of learning is thus far mostly correlational, emerging from electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. To directly address these multiple components of VPL, we propose to use a causal neuromodulation technique, namely transcranial random noise stimulation, to selectively modulate the activity of different brain regions suggested to be involved in various aspects of learning. Specifically, we will target a region in the occipital cortex, which has been associated with stimulus-specific plasticity, and one in the parietal cortex, which has been associated with task-specific plasticity, in a between-subject design. Measures of transfer of learning to untrained stimuli and tasks will be used to evaluate the role of different regions and test for double dissociations between learning effects and stimulated area, shedding lights on learning mechanisms in the visual system. Evidence of dissociable mechanisms of learning can help refine current models of VPL and may help develop more effective visual training and rehabilitation protocols.
Elucidating multicomponent mechanisms in the catalytic hydrogenation of 2-methylquinoline under crude-H2 conditions: a key H2-cleavage process by a boron–olefin Lewis pair
Authors: Hashimoto Taiki , Harabuchi Yu , Ogoshi Sensuke , Maeda Satoshi , Hoshimoto Yoichi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The mechanisms of the triarylborane-catalyzed hydrogenation of 2-methylquinoline (MeQin) in the presence of CO2 were investigated using the artificial force induced reaction method. When B(C6F5)3 (B1) is used as the catalyst, the hydrogenation proceeds via intermolecular proton and hydride transfer from [MeQin–H][H−B1] to a 1,4-dihydroquinoline intermediate (p-H2-MeQin). However, we confirmed that B1 quickly decomposes via a CO2-capture reaction with 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (H4-MeQin) followed by thermally induced proto-deboronation. When B(2,6-Cl2C6H3)(3,5-Br2-2,6-F2C6H)2 (B2) is employed, the dissociation of CO2 from the corresponding CO2-capture product can occur prior to the irreversible proto-deboronation step, and the hydrogenation of MeQin thus continues efficiently. Moreover, the artificial force induced reaction analysis suggested that a frustrated Lewis pair comprising the boron atom of B2 and the olefinic carbon in p-H2-MeQin would mediate the heterolytic cleavage of H2. Based on these mechanistic details, we identified the modified catalyst B(2-Cl-6-FC6H3)3 (B7) that demonstrates a remarkable catalyst turnover number (TON = 4,000) in the hydrogenation of MeQin under H2/CO2 conditions.
Recent odor experience selectively modulates olfactory sensitivity across the glomerular output in the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Subramanian Narayan , Leong Lee Min , Salemi Mokri Boukani Paria , Storace Douglas A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although animals can reliably locate and recognize odorants embedded in complex environments, the neural circuits for accomplishing these tasks remain incompletely understood. Adaptation is likely to be important as it could allow neurons in a brain area to adjust to the broader sensory environment. Adaptive processes must be flexible enough to allow the brain to make dynamic adjustments, while maintaining sufficient stability so that organisms do not forget important olfactory associations. Processing within the mouse olfactory bulb is likely involved in generating adaptation, although there are conflicting models of how it transforms the glomerular output of the mouse olfactory bulb. Here we performed 2-photon Ca2+ imaging from mitral/tufted glomeruli in awake mice to determine the time course of recovery from adaptation, and whether it acts broadly or selectively across the glomerular population. Individual glomerular responses, as well as the overall population odor representation were similar across imaging sessions. However, odor-concentration pairings presented with interstimulus intervals upwards of 30-s evoked heterogeneous adaptation that was concentration-dependent. We demonstrate that this form of adaptation is unrelated to variations in respiration, and olfactory receptor neuron glomerular measurements indicate that it is unlikely to be inherited from the periphery. Our results indicate that the olfactory bulb output can reliably transmit stable odor representations, but recent odor experiences can selectively shape neural responsiveness for upwards of 30 seconds. We propose that neural circuits that allow for non-uniform adaptation across mitral/tufted glomeruli could be important for making dynamic adjustments in complex odor environments.
Evaluating Harms Associated With Prolonged Antibiotic Duration of Therapy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cohort Study Using Instrumental Variable Analysis
Authors: Langford Bradley J , Brown Kevin A , Lau Cindy , Calzavara Andrew , Krueger Carsten , Leung Valerie , Daneman Nick , Schwartz Kevin L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Shorter courses of antibiotic therapy are increasingly recommended to reduce antibiotic exposure. However, quantifying the real-world impact of duration of therapy is hindered by bias common in observational studies. We aimed to evaluate the harms and benefits of longer versus shorter duration of therapy in older adults.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study using administrative health data from Ontario, Canada. We included outpatients aged 66–110 years who received a prescription for amoxicillin, cephalexin, and/or ciprofloxacin. Prescriptions were categorized as short (3–7 days) or long (8–14 days) duration. The primary outcome was a composite of antibiotic-related harms, including adverse reactions, Clostridioides difficile infection, and antibiotic resistance. The secondary outcome was a composite of safety measures including repeat antibiotic prescriptions, hospital visits, and mortality. To reduce risk of bias, we used an instrumental variable analysis where the instrument was prescriber proportion of antibiotics that were long duration.

Results
Among 117 682 eligible patients, there was no difference in the primary harms outcome for patients receiving longer versus shorter courses of antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval [CI]): amoxicillin, 0.99 (.84–1.15); cephalexin, 1.11 (.90–1.38); ciprofloxacin, 0.94 (.74–1.20). Secondary safety outcomes were similar, with longer compared to shorter courses of antibiotic therapy (odds ratio and 95% CI): amoxicillin, 1.01 (.94–1.08); cephalexin, 1.06 (.97–1.17); ciprofloxacin, 0.99 (.85–1.15).

Conclusions
In this instrumental variable analysis of community-dwelling older adults, longer antibiotic courses were not associated with an increased benefit or harm compared to shorter courses.
Performance of Noninvasive Tests for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Liver Fibrosis Resolution after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Angelini Giulia , Panunzi Simona , Pompili Maurizio , Riccardi Laura , Garcovich Matteo , Verrastro Ornella , Russo Sara , Mare Tracey , Luxton James , le Roux Carel W , Raffaelli Marco , Mingrone Geltrude , Vincent Royce P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive tests (NITs) to monitor metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) progression and response to interventions are needed because of the risks of liver biopsy. A monocytes-based diagnostic test using perilipin-2 (PLIN2) and Ras-related protein-14 (RAB14) predict the severity of MASH and fibrosis. Here we compared the performances of PLIN2 and RAB14 with cytokeratin-18 (CK18) assessed by Ella™ or M65 ELISA in predicting MASH and fibrosis resolution following bariatric surgery in a longitudinal and histologically characterized cohort of individuals with obesity.

Methods
Participants in the BRAVES randomized controlled trial underwent ultrasound-guided needle liver biopsy at baseline and 1 year after surgery. We evaluated NITs’ performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic and calculated accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity based on the Youden threshold. Univariable and multivariable logistic models were used to assess the role of recorded covariates in predicting MASH and fibrosis severity, as well as resolution or improvement.

Results
After surgery, patients who experienced MASH improvement or resolution showed a significant decrease in PLIN2 expression as compared to those who did not, while patients with fibrosis improvement displayed an increase in RAB14. No differences were found for CK18. The diagnostic accuracy of PLIN2 and RAB14 for the prediction of MASH resolution or fibrosis improvement was superior to CK18 assessed by either Ella or M65 ELISA.

Conclusions
PLIN2 and RAB14, but not CK18, are markers for monitoring improvements in MASH and fibrosis after interventions such as bariatric surgery. This may reduce or eliminate the need for frequent liver biopsies.
ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT03524365
Brainstem C1 neurons mediate heart failure decompensation and mortality during acute salt loading
Authors: Schwarz Karla G , Pereyra Katherin V , Díaz-Jara Esteban , Vicencio Sinay C , Del Rio Rodrigo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Heart failure (HF) is an emerging epidemic worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the morbidity and mortality rate of HF remain high, and the global prevalence continues to rise. Common clinical features of HF include cardiac sympathoexcitation, disordered breathing, and kidney dysfunction; kidney dysfunction strongly contributes to sodium retention and fluid overload, leading to poor outcomes of HF patients. We have previously shown that brainstem pre-sympathetic neurons (C1) from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play a key role in sympathetic regulation in experimental models of HF. However, the role of RVLM-C1 neurons during salt-loading in the context of HF is unknown. This study tests whether RVLM C1 neurons drive cardiorespiratory decompensation and ultimately lead to sudden death in HF rats.

Methods and results
Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent arteriovenous shunt to induce HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Two weeks after HFpEF induction, bilateral selective ablation of RVLM C1 neurons was performed using anti-dopamine β-hydroxylase-saporin toxin. Animals were then fed a high Na+ diet (3% Na+ in food and 2% Na+ in water) for 3 weeks to induce compensated-to-decompensated HF state transition. Echocardiography, cardiac autonomic function, breathing function, and survival were assessed during the progression of HF. Salt loading resulted in marked decompensation in HF rats, as evidenced by a significant decrease in survival rates (survival: 10% vs. 100% HFpEF + Na+ vs. HFpEF). Furthermore, HFpEF + Na+ animals showed a further increase in cardiac sympathetic drive and more severe disordered breathing, including higher hypoxia-related epochs (i.e. apnoeas/hypopnoeas), compared with HF. Ablation of RVLM C1 neurons partly reduced the excessive cardiac sympathoexcitation during salt loading in HF, improved the exaggerated disordered breathing in HFpEF+ Na+ rats, and reduced decompensation-linked mortality. We found that hypoxia, but not high sodium, was the major contributor to impaired calcium handling in isolated adult cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion
Our results strongly suggest that RVLM C1 neurons contribute to acute HF decompensation during salt loading by a mechanism encompassing further increases in sympathetic outflow and hypoxia-related breathing disorders. This mechanism may ultimately impact cardiac contractility through cardiomyocyte calcium mishandling, increasing morbidity and mortality.