bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigastric symptom response to low FODMAP dietary advice compared with standard dietetic advice in individuals with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Staudacher Heidi M. , Nevin Amy N. , Duff Christopher , Kendall Bradley J. , Holtmann Gerald J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCertain dietary constituents may provoke symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD); however, there is an absence of dietary trials testing specific dietary interventions. Empirically derived dietary strategies and the low FODMAP diet are frequently used in practice. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of low FODMAP dietary advice with standard dietary advice for reducing epigastric and overall gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with FD.MethodsData were collected from 59 consecutive eligible individuals with FD attending an initial and review outpatient dietetic consultation at Princess Alexandra Hospital. Of these, 40 received low FODMAP advice and 19 received standard dietary advice. As part of usual care, the Structured Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptom Scale (SAGIS) was used to assess epigastric (maximum score = 28) and overall gastrointestinal symptoms (maximum score = 88). Dietary adherence data were collected, and change in symptom score and proportion of responders (defined as a ≥30% reduction in score) for epigastric and total symptoms was calculated.Key ResultsMost individuals (48/59, 81%) had FD and coexisting irritable bowel syndrome. There was a greater reduction in epigastric score in those receiving low FODMAP dietary advice compared with those receiving standard advice (est. marginal mean [95% CI]: −3.6 [−4.9, −2.2] vs. −0.9 [−2.9, 1.1], p = 0.032) and total symptom score (−9.4 [−12.4, −6.4] vs. −3.3 [−7.7, 1.1] p = 0.026). A greater proportion receiving low FODMAP dietary advice were responders versus those receiving standard advice (50% vs. 16%, p = 0.012). Dietary adherence did not differ between groups (p = 0.497).Conclusions & InferencesThe low FODMAP diet appears more effective for improving epigastric symptoms in people with FD compared with standard advice. A randomized controlled trial is required to substantiate these findings.
A small Ustilago maydis effector acts as a novel adhesin for hyphal aggregation in plant tumors
Authors: Fukada Fumi , Rössel Nicole , Münch Karin , Glatter Timo , Kahmann Regine 
Published: April 2021

Summary

The biotrophic basidiomycete fungus Ustilago maydis causes smut disease in maize. Hallmarks of the disease are characteristic large tumors in which dark pigmented spores are formed. Here, we functionally characterized a novel core effector lep1 (late effector protein 1) which is highly expressed during tumor formation and contributes to virulence.

We characterize lep1 mutants, localize the protein, determine phenotypic consequences upon deletion as well as constitutive expression, and analyze relationships with the repellent protein Rep1 and hydrophobins.

In tumors, lep1 mutants show attenuated hyphal aggregation, fail to undergo massive late proliferation and produce only a few spores. Upon constitutive expression, cell aggregation is induced and the surface of filamentous colonies displays enhanced hydrophobicity. Lep1 is bound to the cell wall of biotrophic hyphae and associates with Rep1 when constitutively expressed in hyphae.

We conclude that Lep1 acts as a novel kind of cell adhesin which functions together with other surface‐active proteins to allow proliferation of diploid hyphae as well as for induction of the morphological changes associated with spore formation.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and potential mitochondrial protectant treatments in tendinopathy
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Eliasberg Claire D. , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition that affects a wide range of patients, including athletes, laborers, and older patients. Tendinopathy is often characterized by pain, swelling, and impaired performance and function. The etiology of tendinopathy is multifactorial, including both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Various treatment strategies have been described, but outcomes are often variable, as tendons have poor intrinsic healing potential compared with other tissues. Therefore, several novel targets for tendon regeneration have been identified and are being explored. Mitochondria are organelles that generate adenosine triphosphate, and they are considered to be the power generators of the cell. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction verified by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased superoxide dismutase activity, cristae disorganization, and decreased number of mitochondria has been identified as a mechanism that may contribute to tendinopathy. This has provided new insights for studying tendinopathy pathogenesis and potential treatments via antioxidant, metabolic modulation, or ROS inhibition. In this review, we present the current understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in tendinopathy. The review summarizes the potential mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development of tendinopathy, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of mitochondrial protectants in the treatment of tendinopathy.
Combining information across diverse sources: The II‐CC‐FF paradigm
Authors: Cunen Céline , Hjort Nils Lid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce and develop a general paradigm for combining information across diverse data sources. In broad terms, suppose is a parameter of interest, built up via components from data sources 1, … , k. The proposed scheme has three steps. First, the independent inspection (II) step amounts to investigating each separate data source, translating statistical information to a confidence distribution (CD) for the relevant focus parameter associated with data source j. Second, confidence conversion (CC) techniques are used to translate the CDs to confidence log‐likelihood functions. Finally, the focused fusion (FF) step uses relevant and context‐driven techniques to construct a confidence distribution for the primary focus parameter , acting on the combined confidence log‐likelihood. In traditional setups, the II‐CC‐FF strategy amounts to versions of meta‐analysis, and turns out to be competitive against state‐of‐the‐art methods. Its potential lies in applications to harder problems, however. Illustrations are presented, related to actual applications.
Molecular phylogenetics and premating isolation in the punctoid land snails of Belau (Republic of Palau, Oceania)
Authors: Bullis David A. , Rundell Rebecca J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPacific island land snails exhibit exceptionally high species diversity, morphological diversity, and endemism. Species within superfamily Punctoidea, which contains the Charopidae and Pacific‐endemic family Endodontidae, are among the most morphologically spectacular Pacific endemic land snails. The evolution of Pacific island punctoids remains poorly known, due in part to rampant human‐induced extinction within this group of minute ground‐dwellers. The Belau archipelago (Republic of Palau) with its relatively intact lowland rainforest and limestone karst Rock Islands, is home to many endemic punctoids and presents a unique opportunity to better understand the diversification of one of the most diverse but also imperiled land snail lineages on Pacific islands. For the first time, the diversification of the endemic Pacific punctoid fauna of Belau was studied using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods applied to sequences from mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS2) gene regions. Evolutionary relationships, molecular divergence, disjunct or complex geographic ranges, and ecological similarity among Belau punctoid species, likely reflect species’ long evolutionary history and diversification through geographic isolation. We find no evidence for adaptation in species‐level shifts in spire height within Aaadonta endodontids. We also find preliminary evidence for the evolution of premating reproductive isolation in Semperdon species in sympatry, through the study of apertural teeth. In addition, we report the first new endodontid species from living individuals as well the first new genus record from the Belau archipelago in nearly half a century.
Footwear and Elevated Heel Influence on Barbell Back Squat: A Review
Authors: Pangan Aaron Michael , Leineweber Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The back squat is one of the most effective exercises in strengthening the muscles of the lower extremity. Understanding the impact of footwear has on the biomechanics is imperative for maximizing the exercise training potential, preventing injury, and rehabilitating from injury. This review focuses on how different types of footwear affect the full-body kinematics, joint loads, muscle activity, and ground reaction forces in athletes of varying experience performing the weighted back squat. The literature search was conducted using three databases, and fourteen full-text articles were ultimately included in the review. The majority of these studies demonstrated that the choice of footwear directly impacts kinematics and kinetics. Weightlifting shoes were shown to decrease trunk lean and generate more plantarflexion relative to running shoes and barefoot lifting. Elevating the heel through the use of external squat wedges is popular method during rehabilitation and was shown to provide similar effects to weightlifting shoes. Additional research with a broader array of populations, particularly novice and female weightlifters, should be conducted to generalize the research results to nonathlete populations. Further work is also needed to characterize the specific effects of sole stiffness and heel elevation height on squatting mechanics.
Estimating private sector out-of-pocket expenditures on family planning commodities in low-and-middle-income countries
Authors: Weinberger Michelle , Bellows Nicole , Stover John 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe role of the private sector in family planning (FP) is well studied; however, few efforts have been made to quantify the role of private out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on FP commodities across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Calculating OOP expenditures is important to illuminate the magnitude of these contributions and to inform discussions on how financial burdens can be reduced.MethodsEstimates of FP users and commodities consumed by women getting their FP methods from the private sector were made for 132 LMICs. Next, unit price data were compiled from to estimate the average price of commodities in the private sector at both a commercial and subsidised price point. These unit prices were applied to commodity consumption estimates to calculate total private OOP expenditures. Sensitivity testing was conducted.ResultsTotal estimated private OOP expenditures for FP commodities in 2019 was $2.73 billion across 132 LMICs. Spending on contraceptive pills accounted for 80% of this total, and just over three-quarters of expenditure came from upper-middle-income countries. OOP expenditures on subsidised commodities were small but accounted for 20% of expenditures in low-income countries. Non-subsidised unit prices were found to be between 5 and 20 times higher in upper-middle-income countries compared with low-income countries, although wide variation exists. For low-income and lower-middle-income countries, subsidies appear to be greatest for intrauterine devices (IUDs) and pills.ConclusionLarge OOP expenditures across all income levels highlight a need for financing approaches that ensure that a wide range of contraceptives are both accessible and affordable.
A GATA6-centred gene regulatory network involving HNFs and ΔNp63 controls plasticity and immune escape in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kloesch Bernhard , Ionasz Vivien , Paliwal Sumit , Hruschka Natascha , Martinez de Villarreal Jaime , Öllinger Rupert , Mueller Sebastian , Dienes Hans Peter , Schindl Martin , Gruber Elisabeth S , Stift Judith , Herndler-Brandstetter Dietmar , Lomberk Gwen A , Seidler Barbara , Saur Dieter , Rad Roland , Urrutia Raul A , Real Francisco X , Martinelli Paola 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveMolecular taxonomy of tumours is the foundation of personalised medicine and is becoming of paramount importance for therapeutic purposes. Four transcriptomics-based classification systems of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exist, which consistently identified a subtype of highly aggressive PDACs with basal-like features, including ΔNp63 expression and loss of the epithelial master regulator GATA6. We investigated the precise molecular events driving PDAC progression and the emergence of the basal programme.DesignWe combined the analysis of patient-derived transcriptomics datasets and tissue samples with mechanistic experiments using a novel dual-recombinase mouse model for Gata6 deletion at late stages of KRasG12D-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis (Gata6LateKO).ResultsThis comprehensive human-to-mouse approach showed that GATA6 loss is necessary, but not sufficient, for the expression of ΔNp63 and the basal programme in patients and in mice. The concomitant loss of HNF1A and HNF4A, likely through epigenetic silencing, is required for the full phenotype switch. Moreover, Gata6 deletion in mice dramatically increased the metastatic rate, with a propensity for lung metastases. Through RNA-Seq analysis of primary cells isolated from mouse tumours, we show that Gata6 inhibits tumour cell plasticity and immune evasion, consistent with patient-derived data, suggesting that GATA6 works as a barrier for acquiring the fully developed basal and metastatic phenotype.ConclusionsOur work provides both a mechanistic molecular link between the basal phenotype and metastasis and a valuable preclinical tool to investigate the most aggressive subtype of PDAC. These data, therefore, are important for understanding the pathobiological features underlying the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer in both mice and human.
Invasive carcinoma versus pseudoinvasion: interobserver variability in the assessment of left-sided colorectal polypectomies
Authors: Lee Michael , Kudose Satoru , Del Portillo Armando , Ko Huaibin Mabel , Lee Hwajeong , Pittman Meredith E , Salomao Marcela A , Sepulveda Antonia R , Lagana Stephen M 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesMisplaced epithelium in adenomas can occasionally be difficult to distinguish from invasive adenocarcinoma. We evaluated interobserver variability in the assessment of left-sided colon polypectomies for pseudoinvasion versus invasive adenocarcinoma and further investigated relevant histological findings.Methods28 consecutive left-sided colon polyps with the keywords “pseudoinvasion”, “epithelial misplacement”, “herniation”, “prolapse” or “invasive adenocarcinoma” were collected from 28 patients and reviewed by eight gastrointestinal pathologists. Participants assessed stromal hemosiderin, lamina propria/eosinophils surrounding glands, desmoplasia, high grade dysplasia/intramucosal adenocarcinoma and margin status and rendered a diagnosis of pseudoinvasion, invasive adenocarcinoma, or both.ResultsAgreement among pathologists was substantial for desmoplasia (κ=0.70), high grade dysplasia/intramucosal adenocarcinoma (κ=0.66), invasive adenocarcinoma (κ=0.63) and adenocarcinoma at the margin (κ=0.65). There was moderate agreement for hemosiderin in stroma (κ=0.53) and prolapse/pseudoinvasion (κ=0.50). Agreement was low for lamina propria/eosinophils around glands (κ=0.12). For invasive adenocarcinoma, seven or more pathologists agreed in 24 of 28 cases (86%), and there was perfect agreement in 19/28 cases (68%). For pseudoinvasion, seven or more pathologists agreed in 19 of 28 cases (68%), and there was perfect agreement in 16/28 cases (57%).ConclusionModerate to substantial, though imperfect, agreement was achieved in the distinction of pseudoinvasion from invasive carcinoma.
Expansions of abelian square-free groups
Authors: Fioravanti Stefano 
Published: April 2021

We investigate finitary functions from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for a square-free number [Formula: see text]. We show that the lattice of all clones on the square-free set [Formula: see text] which contain the addition of [Formula: see text] is finite. We provide an upper bound for the cardinality of this lattice through an injective function to the direct product of the lattices of all [Formula: see text]-linearly closed clonoids, [Formula: see text], to the [Formula: see text] power, where [Formula: see text]. These lattices are studied in [S. Fioravanti, Closed sets of finitary functions between products of finite fields of pair-wise coprime order, preprint (2020), arXiv:2009.02237] and there we can find an upper bound for their cardinality. Furthermore, we prove that these clones can be generated by a set of functions of arity at most [Formula: see text].
Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profiles of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells from the Periodontitis Microenvironment in Response to Static Mechanical Strain
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhao Yan , Niu Qiannan , Qiu Ni , Liu Shuangyun , Li Chunrong , Li Cuixia , Miao Pei , Yan Libo , Li Qiang , Jin Zuolin 
Published: April 2021

During the period of orthodontic tooth movement, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an important role in transducing mechanical stimulation and tissue remodeling. However, our previous studies verified that the periodontitis microenvironment causes damage to the biological functions of PDLSCs and abnormal mechanical sensitivity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the inflammatory pathogenesis and development of many diseases. Whether lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in PDLSCs obtained from periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients (PPDLSCs) and whether putative lncRNAs participate in the mechanotransductive process in PDLSCs remain poorly understood. First, we subjected PDLSCs obtained from healthy periodontal tissues (HPDLSCs) and PPDLSCs to static mechanical strain (SMS) with 12% elongation at 0.1 Hz frequency using an FX-4000T system and screened overall lncRNA profiles in both cell types by microarray. Among lncRNAs with a fold

change

FC

>
20.0

, 27 lncRNAs were upregulated in strained HPDLSCs, and 16 lncRNAs (9 upregulated and 7 downregulated) were detected in strained PPDLSCs. For mRNAs with

FC
>
20.0

, we detected 25 upregulated mRNAs and one downregulated mRNA in strained HPDLSCs and 7 upregulated and 5 downregulated mRNAs in strained PPDLSCs. Further enrichment analysis showed that, unlike HPDLSCs with annotations principally involving transduction-associated signaling pathways, dysregulated mRNAs in PPDLSCs are mainly responsible for pathological conditions. Moreover, coexpressed lncRNA-mRNA networks confirmed the pathological state and exacerbated inflammatory conditions in strained PPDLSCs. Taken together, when compared with strained HPDLSCs, various lncRNAs and mRNAs were dysregulated in PPDLSCs under mechanical forces, implicating the response of lncRNAs in PPDLSCs to mechanical stress. Moreover, we provide potential lncRNA targets, which may contribute to future intervention strategies for orthodontic treatment in periodontitis patients.
The Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes of Postdilation after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Liang Xiying , Zhang Wenjiao , Qiao Xuan , Wang Zhilu 
Published: April 2021

Objective. The effect of postdilation in patients with acute coronary syndrome is still controversial. This meta-analysis aims to analyze the clinical and angiographic outcomes of postdilation after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wangfang databases were searched from inception to August 30, 2020. Eligible studies from acute coronary syndrome patients treated with postdilation were included. The primary clinical outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), the secondary clinical outcomes comprised all-cause death, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization, and the angiographic outcomes were no reflow and slow reflow. Results. 11 studies met inclusion criteria. In clinical outcomes, our pooled analysis demonstrated that the postdilation had a tendency of decreasing MACE (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–1.00;

P

= 0.05) but significantly increased all-cause death (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.12;

P

= 0.03). No significant difference existed in stent thrombosis (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.40–1.26;

P

= 0.24), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.51–3.83;

P

= 0.51), and target vessel revascularization (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.21–1.80;

P

= 0.37) between postdilation and non-postdilation groups. In angiographic outcomes, there were no significant differences in no reflow (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.54–2.65;

P

= 0.66) and slow reflow (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.93–1.35;

P

= 0.24) between two groups. Conclusions. The postdilation tends to reduce the risk of MACE but significantly increases all-cause death, without significantly affecting stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and coronary TIMI flow grade. However, more randomized controlled trials are required for investigating the effect of postdilation for patients with acute coronary syndrome (registered by PROSPERO, CRD42020160748).
Dopamine Prevents Ultraviolet B–induced Development and Progression of Premalignant Cutaneous Lesions through its D2 Receptors
Authors: Lu Kai , Bhat Madhavi , Peters Sara , Mitra Rita , Mo Xiaokui , Oberyszyn Tatiana M. , Dasgupta Partha Sarathi , Basu Sujit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Although the role of dopamine (DA) in malignant tumors has been reported, its function in premalignant lesions is unknown. Herein we report that the stimulation of DA D2 receptors in endothelial cells in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cutaneous lesions in mice significantly reduced the tumor number, tumor burden, and malignant squamous cell carcinoma in these animals. DA D2 receptor agonist inhibited VEGFA-dependent proangiogenic genes in vitro and in vivo. However, the mice pretreated with selective DA D2 receptor antagonist inhibited the actions of the agonist, thereby suggesting that the action of DA was through its D2 receptors in the endothelial cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report DA-mediated regulation of pathogenesis and progression of UVB-induced premalignant skin lesions.

Prevention Relevance:
This investigation demonstrates the role of dopamine and its D2 receptors in UVB induced premalignant squamous cell skin lesions and how DA through its D2 receptors inhibits the development and progression of these lesions and subsequently prevents squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.