bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An updated life‐history scheme for marine fishes predicts recruitment variability and sensitivity to exploitation
Authors: Petrik Colleen M. , González Taboada Fernando , Stock Charles A. , Sarmiento Jorge L. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAimPatterns of population renewal in marine fishes are often irregular and lead to volatile fluctuations in abundance that challenge management and conservation efforts. Here, we examine the relationship between life‐history strategies and recruitment variability in exploited marine fish species using a macroecological approach.LocationGlobal ocean.Time period1950–2018.Major taxa studiedBony and cartilaginous fish.MethodsBased on trait data for 244 marine fish species, we extend the established equilibrium–periodic–opportunistic (E‐P‐O) life‐history classification scheme objectively to include two additional emergent life‐history strategies: “bet‐hedgers” (B) and salmonic (S) strategists. TheBstrategists include rockfishes and other species inhabiting patchy benthic habitats with life histories that blend characteristics ofEandPspecies; they combine very long life spans with elevated investments in both parental care and fecundity. TheSstrategists mainly comprise salmonids that share life‐history characteristics withEandOspecies: elevated investments in parental care reminiscent ofEstrategists, but with reduced fecundity and short life spans characteristic ofOspecies. We analysed how theE‐B‐P‐O‐Slife‐history classification mapped onto patterns of recruitment variability observed in population time series data (n =156 species).ResultsGeneralized linear models suggested that life‐history strategy explained a modest, yet significant amount of recruitment variability across species. Greater predictive power arose after controlling for increased recruitment variance associated with variable fishing pressure, withOstrategists showing the strongest sensitivity. TheBstrategists were susceptible to exploitation in a similar manner toPstocks, but their longer times to maturity made them particularly vulnerable to overfishing.Main conclusionsA broader recognition of the distinct ecology of salmonic and bet‐hedger groups is important when studying life‐history strategies in marine fish. More generally, our results stress the importance of considering life‐history strategies for understanding patterns of recruitment variability across fish stocks.
The impact of oral health education taken by personal support workers caring for a geriatric population in a long‐term care facility: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Pawluk Debra L. , Dale Craig , Lai Jim Yuan , Villacorta‐Siegal Nelly , Smith Jagger , Joseph Karen , Lawrence Herenia P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of an online oral health education module on personal support workers’ (PSW) knowledge and beliefs in their care for long‐term care (LTC) residents in one Canadian LTC residence.BackgroundLTC residents are dependent on PSWs for their oral health needs. However, PSWs receive minimal to no oral health education placing residents at risk for poor oral health.MethodsA mixed‐methods convergent design comprising a before‐and‐after questionnaire (N = 88), focus groups (N = 23) and interviews (N = 4) exploring module learning. Analysis of each data set was followed by their amalgamation and comparison.ResultsThe online module had limited impact on the PSWs’ knowledge and beliefs regarding resident oral health care. The quantitative results demonstrated knowledge improvements in two domains and changes in two belief domains. However, the qualitative results demonstrated new knowledge was not developed or sustained in practice. Themes that emerged include the following: lack of module recall, unmet learning needs and methods for oral care delivery, and timing of oral care in a busy clinical environment.ConclusionOnline oral health education alone has limited impact on PSWs’ knowledge and beliefs. Research evaluating multifaceted education interventions including hands‐on training with a dental expert is warranted.
Effective training duration and frequency for lip‐seal training in older people using a self‐training instrument
Authors: Oki Takeshi , Ohta Midori , Takano Tomofumi , Sakurai Kaoru , Ueda Takayuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of the training duration and frequency on lip‐seal strength (LSS) in older people.BackgroundLip‐seal is important for speaking, eating and swallowing. LSS decreases after training ends; therefore, continuous training is essential.Materials and methodsParticipants underwent the resistance training of LSS. Regarding training duration, eight women aged ≥65 years participated in a crossover study with trainings A (direction: 1, duration: 50 seconds) and B (directions: 3, duration: 3 minutes), daily for 4 weeks. Regarding training frequency, 40 women aged ≥65 years were divided into four groups based on frequency (everyday, every‐other‐day, once‐a‐week and control groups), and all groups excluding the control group performed training B for 4 weeks. LSS was measured at weeks 0, 2 and 4 using a digital strain gauge. Friedman's test was used, followed by Steel‐Dwass test (α = 0.05).ResultsRegarding the effects of the training duration, significant differences in LSS were noted between weeks 0 and 4 for training B, but no difference was noted for training A. Regarding training frequency, significant differences were observed between weeks 0 and 2 or 4 in the everyday and once‐a‐week groups. Significant differences were observed in the every‐other‐day group between weeks 0 and 4 and no difference in the control group. For all groups, median LSS was higher in week 2 or 4 than that in week 0.ConclusionLip‐seal training for 3 minutes per session everyday, every‐other‐day or once‐a‐week for 4 weeks increased LSS of older people.
Navigating welfare regimes in divided societies: Diversity and the quality of service delivery in Lebanon
Authors: Cammett Melani , Şaşmaz Aytuğ 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn many developing countries, non‐state actors, including those with religious or political affiliations, provide basic social services. Do politicized ethnoreligious divisions shape citizen choices of providers? Does service quality vary when patients visit ingroup or outgroup facilities? Building on studies of the “diversity deficit” and on outgroup generosity, we focus on how the relationship between frontline service providers and citizens affects the quality of services. Among facilities run by sectarian organizations, citizens largely select into ingroup providers, and report distinct reasons for the rare instances of choosing outgroup versus ingroup centers. Furthermore, when visiting outgroup facilities, service quality is inferior. Preliminary evidence indicates that shared social networks, which facilitate informal mechanisms of accountability, may account for the ingroup advantage. The data are derived from original surveys of a nationally representative sample of health centers in Lebanon, a country with politicized identity cleavages and diverse types of welfare providers.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐associated Vap33 is required for maintaining neuronal dendrite morphology and organelle distribution in Drosophila
Authors: Kamemura Kosuke , Chen Chun‐an , Okumura Misako , Miura Masayuki , Chihara Takahiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVAMP‐associated protein (VAP) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that functions as a tethering protein at the membrane contact sites between the ER and various intracellular organelles. Mutations such as P56S in human VAPB cause neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, VAP functions in neurons are poorly understood. Here, we utilized Drosophila olfactory projection neurons with a mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (MARCM) to analyze the neuronal function of Vap33, a Drosophila ortholog of human VAPB. In vap33 null mutant clones, the dendrites of projection neurons exhibited defects in the maintenance of their morphology. The subcellular localization of the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria were also abnormal. These results indicate that Vap33 is required for neuronal morphology and organelle distribution. Additionally, to examine the impact of ALS‐associated mutations in neurons, we overexpressed human VAPB‐P56S in vap33 null mutant clones (mosaic rescue experiments) and found that, in aged flies, human VAPB‐P56S expression caused mislocalization of Bruchpilot, a presynaptic protein. These results implied that synaptic protein localization and ER quality control may be affected by disease mutations. We provide insights into the physiological and pathological functions of VAP in neurons.
Trust, medical expertise and humaneness: A qualitative study on people with cancer’ satisfaction with medical care
Authors: Blödt Susanne , Müller‐Nordhorn Jacqueline , Seifert Georg , Holmberg Christine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding peoples’ evaluations of their health care is important to ensure appropriate health‐care services.ObjectivesTo understand what factors influence peoples’ satisfaction with care and how interpersonal trust is established between doctors and cancer patients in Germany.DesignA narrative interview study that included women with a diagnosis of breast cancer and men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer. A question‐focused analysis was conducted.Setting and participantsInterviewees were sought across Germany through self‐help organizations, clinics, rehabilitation facilities, physicians and other health‐care professionals, in order to develop modules on experiencing cancer for the website krankheitserfahrungen.de (illness experiences.de).ResultsSatisfaction was related to the perception of having a knowledgeable and trusted physician. Trust was developed through particular interactions in which ‘medical expertise’ and ‘humaneness’ were enacted by physicians. Humaneness represents the ability of physicians to personalize medical expertise and thereby to convey working in the individual's best interest and to treat the patient as an individual and unique human being. This was fostered through contextual and relational factors including among others setting, time, information transfer, respect, availability, profoundness, sensitivity and understanding.ConclusionIt was the ability to make oneself known to and know the patient in particular ways that allowed for satisfying care experiences by establishing interpersonal trust. This suggests the importance of conceptualizing the doctor‐patient relationship as a fundamentally reciprocal human interaction of caregiving and care‐receiving. At the core of the satisfying care experiences lies a doctor‐patient relationship with a profoundly humane quality.
‘We’re all in the same boat’: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis study of experiences of being an ‘expert’ during patient and public involvement within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS)
Authors: Idrees Samiran , Hartley Samantha , Hearn Jasmine Heath 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient and Public involvement (PPI) has rapidly evolved into a key component in shaping the delivery of health services. However, little is known about what it is like to participate in involvement procedures that include representatives of multiple groups and in the context of developing new interventions for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS).ObjectiveThis study explored participants’ experiences of PPI, following attending a ‘consensus conference’, during which their views were sought in relation to the development of a proposed staff‐based intervention and key questions about its design and implementation.DesignQualitative, semi‐structured interview study.Setting and ParticipantsSix participants, including service users and various frontline clinical staff team members, who had experience of CAMHS were present at the consensus conference and then asked about their experiences of being involved via semi‐structured interviews. The data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Young people, carers and frontline staff have been involved in the design and implementation throughout the broader programme of work of which this study forms part, although these groups were not directly involved in the design and implementation of this paper.ResultsThree key narratives were present: (a) Previous Experiences Driving Expectations, (b) ‘We are all in the same boat’ and (c) The Realization of Multiple Identities. The results suggest that PPI involvement is a complex process that may be driven by positive/negative expectations, but that individuals value learning about others and recognizing different perspectives while reaching shared goals in improving services.Discussion and ConclusionThis study demonstrates the complexity of experience that service users and clinical staff face when engaging in involvement activities in CAMHS. The findings demonstrate the value in engaging multiple stakeholder groups while also highlighting the importance of proper consideration of the procedures involved and facilitators of engagement.
‘What the herbal medicine can do for me in a week, the orthodox does in a year’: Perceived efficacy of local alternative therapies influences medication adherence in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Laar Amos , Amoah Ampah Ernest , Fernandez Yolanda , Senyo Amevinya Gideon , Nortey Priscillia , Benyah Frank , Akamah Joseph , Ambenne Marcella , Lamptey Peter , Free Caroline , Legido‐Quigley Helena , Perel Pablo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is strong evidence that anti‐platelet therapy, ACE inhibitors, beta‐blockers and statins are cost‐effective in reducing subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). In some settings, only a low proportion of people have access to these medications, and even lower adhere to them. The current study explored and presents data on the causes of poor adherence to orthodox medication and motivations for alternative therapies in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD).MethodsThe study was conducted among city‐dwelling adults with ACVD in Accra – Ghana's capital city. Eighteen interviews were conducted with patients with established ACVD. A follow‐up focus group discussion was conducted with some of them. The protocol was approved by two ethics review committees based in Ghana and in the United Kingdom. All participants were interviewed after informed consent. Analysis was done with the Nvivo qualitative data analysis software.ResultsWe identified motivations for use of alternatives to orthodox therapies. These cover the five dimensions of adherence: social and economic, health‐care system, condition‐related, therapy‐related, and patient‐related dimensions. Perceived inability of an orthodox medication to provide immediate benefit is an important motivator for use of alternative forms of medication.ConclusionsA multiplicity of factors precipitate non‐adherence to orthodox therapies. Perceived efficacy and easy access to local alternative therapies such as herbal and faith‐based therapies are important motivators.
Participatory health research with migrants: Opportunities, challenges, and way forwards
Authors: Roura Maria , Dias Sonia , LeMaster Joseph W. , MacFarlane Anne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextMigration is one of the most politically pressing issues of the 21st century but migrant health remains an under‐researched area. The International Collaboration for Participatory Health Research (ICPHR) working group on migration developed this position statement to address opportunities and challenges in relation to migrant health. It aims to contribute to a shift from a deficit model that sees migrants as passively affected by policies to their reconceptualization as citizens who are engaged in the co‐creation of solutions.MethodsThis paper examines the opportunities and challenges posed by the use of PHR with migrants. It draws on a broad literature to provide examples of successful PHR with migrants and highlights critical issues for consideration.FindingsSuccessful initiatives illustrate the value of engaging migrants in the definition of the research agenda, the design and implementation of health interventions, the identification of health‐protective factors and the operationalization and validation of indicators to monitor progress. Within increasingly super diverse contexts, fragmented community landscapes that are not necessarily constructed along ethnicity traits, inadequate structures of representation, local tensions and operational barriers can hamper meaningful PHR with migrants.ConclusionFor each research context, it is essential to gauge the ‘optimal’ level and type of participation that is more likely to leverage migrants’ empowerment. The development of Monitoring and Evaluation tools and methodological strategies to manage inter‐stakeholder discrepancies and knowledge translation gaps are steps in this direction.Patient or public contributionThis paper draws from contributions of migrant populations and other stakeholders to policymaking.
Effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir two‐drug regimens in virologically suppressed people living with HIV: a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of real‐world evidence
Authors: Punekar Y S , Parks D , Joshi M , Kaur S , Evitt L , Chounta V , Radford M , Jha D , Ferrante S , Sharma S , Van Wyk J , de Ruiter A 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesDolutegravir (DTG) is widely recommended within three‐drug regimens. However, similar efficacy and tolerability have also been achieved with DTG within two‐drug regimens in clinical trials. This study evaluated the real‐world effectiveness and discontinuations in people living with HIV‐1 (PLHIV) switching to DTG with lamivudine (3TC) or rilpivirine (RPV).MethodsThis was a one‐arm meta‐analysis utilizing data from a systematic literature review. Data from real‐world evidence studies of DTG + RPV and DTG + 3TC were extracted, pooled and analysed. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with viral failure (VF; ≥ 50 copies/mL in two consecutive measurements and/or ≥ 1000 copies/mL in a single measurement) at week 48 (W48) and week 96 (W96). Other outcomes included virological suppression (VS; < 50 copies/mL) and discontinuations (W48 and W96). Estimates were calculated for VF, VS as per snapshot (VSS) and on treatment analysis (VSOT), and discontinuations.ResultsPooled mean estimates of VF for DTG + 3TC and DTG + RPV were 0.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4–1.3] and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.0–1.6), respectively, at W48. VSS rate at W48 was 85.0% (95% CI: 82.3–87.5) for DTG + 3TC regimen and 92.4% (95% CI: 85.0–97.7) in the DTG + RPV regimen. The DTG + 3TC and DTG + RPV regimens led to discontinuations in 13.6% (95% CI: 11.1–16.2) and 7.2% (95% CI: 2.1–14.4) of patients, respectively, at W48. Similar results were observed at W96.ConclusionsTreatment with DTG + 3TC or DTG + RPV in clinical practice provides a low rate of VF and a high rate of VS when initiated in virologically suppressed PLHIV with diverse backgrounds.
Diagnostic value of serological biomarkers for detection of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and/or advanced liver fibrosis in people living with HIV
Authors: Yanavich C , Pacheco AG , Cardoso SW , Nunes EP , Chaves USB , Freitas G , Santos R , Morata M , Veloso VG , Grinsztejn B , Perazzo H 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the accuracy of serological biomarkers for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced fibrosis (METAVIR‐F3F4) in HIV mono‐infected individuals.MethodsIn all, 674 participants from the PROSPEC‐HIV study (NCT02542020), who had blood sample tests and transient elastography (TE) performed on the same day, were eligible. Exclusion criteria were viral hepatitis co‐infection (n = 90), abusive alcohol intake (n = 61), missing data (n = 47) or unreliable TE (n = 39). NAFLD was defined by controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m and advanced fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement ≥ 8.7 kPa with M probe or ≥ 7.2 kPa with XL probe. Biomarkers for NAFLD [Steato‐ELSA, Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), NAFLD‐Liver Fat Score (NAFLD‐LFS)] and fibrosis [Fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4), Aspartate‐to‐Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS)] were calculated.ResultsA total of 437 patients [57% female, age = 44 (interquartile range: 35–52) years, body mass index (BMI) = 26.1 (23.4–29.3) kg/m2, CD4 = 660 (427–901) cells/μL] were included. The prevalence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were 38.2% (33.8–42.9) and 10.5% (8.0–13.8), respectively. The areas (95% CI) under the receiver operator curve (AUROCs) for diagnosis of NAFLD were 0.854 (0.818–0.889), 0.840 (0.804–0.877), 0.805 (0.762–0.847) and 0.793 (0.750–0.836) for Steato‐ELSA, FLI, HSI and NAFLD‐LFS (P < 0.001), respectively. All tests yielded satisfactory sensitivities, specificities and negative predictive values (NPVs). The AUROCs (95% CI) for diagnosis of advanced fibrosis were 0.736 (0.659–0.814), 0.700 (0.614–0.7851) and 0.795 (0.726–0.864) for FIB‐4, APRI and NFS (P = 0.077), respectively. These tests yielded high specificities and negative predictive values (NPVs) > 90%.ConclusionBiomarkers for NAFLD had a good accuracy and those for fibrosis had high specificities and NPVs. These tests should be integrated to HIV care to detect NAFLD and to exclude advanced liver fibrosis.
Trends and predictors of linkage to HIV outpatient care following diagnosis in the era of expanded testing in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: Results of a national cohort study
Authors: Croxford S , Burns F , Copas A , Yin Z , Delpech V 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe explore trends in linkage to HIV care following diagnosis and investigate the impact of diagnosis setting on linkage in the era of expanded testing.MethodsAll adults (aged ≥ 15 years) diagnosed with HIV between 2005 and 2014 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (EW&NI) were followed up until the end of 2017. People who died within 1 month of diagnosis were excluded (n = 1009). Trends in linkage to outpatient care (time to first CD4 count) were examined by sub‐population and diagnosis setting. Logistic regression identified predictors of delayed linkage of > 1 month, > 3 months and > 1 year post‐diagnosis (2012–2014).ResultsOverall, 97% (60 250/62 079) of people linked to care; linkage ≤ 1 month was 75% (44 291/59 312), ≤ 3 months was 88% (52 460) and ≤ 1 year was 95% (56 319). Median time to link declined from 15 days [interquartile range (IQR): 4–43] in 2005 to 6 (IQR: 0–20) days in 2014 (similar across sub‐populations/diagnosis settings). In multivariable analysis, delayed linkage to care was associated with acquiring HIV through injecting drug use, heterosexual contact or other routes compared with sex between men (> 1 month/3 months/1 year), being diagnosed in earlier years (> 1 month/3 months/1 year) and having a first CD4 ≥ 200 cells/μL (> 3 months/1 year). Diagnosis outside of sexual health clinics, antenatal services and infectious disease units predicted delays of > 1 month. By 3 months, only diagnosis in ‘other’ settings (prisons, drug services, community and other medical settings) was significant.ConclusionsLinkage to care following HIV diagnosis is relatively timely in EW&NI. However, non‐traditional testing venues should have well‐defined referral pathways established to facilitate access to care and treatment.