bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asking the Right Questions: Screening Men for Partner Violence
Authors: Velonis Alisa , Maddox Raglan , Buhariwala Pearl , Kamalanathan Janisha , Hassan Maha Awaiz , Fadhil Tamam , O’Campo Patricia 
Published: April 2021

With lifetime intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization rates for self-identified men between 14% and 20%, and an expanding understanding of gender as a nonbinary construct, practitioners in some clinical environments have expressed interest in screening all patients for IPV. Yet, few IPV screening instruments have been validated for use in nonfemale populations. This research tests the appropriateness and acceptability of a screening instrument developed for use with women. A literature review was completed to determine the current state of research into IPV screening practices tailored to men. Next, cognitive interviews were conducted to test a 9-question IPV screening instrument with men considered at average and elevated risk for experiencing partner violence. Participants were read the questions aloud and asked about item comprehension and question appropriateness and acceptability. The literature review uncovered no published reports describing routine clinic based IPV screening of men, and only two screening instruments had been validated with men. Twenty men participated in cognitive interviews from a variety of settings in a large urban center. All participants accurately described the intended meaning of each question and verified the appropriateness of asking the questions. This work addresses the gap in research on routine IPV screening with men, building on efforts to screen individuals and support improved health and response to violence to those across the gender spectrum.
How Does Green Dot Bystander Training in High School and Beyond Impact Attitudes Toward Violence and Sexism in a Prospective Cohort?
Authors: Coker Ann L. , Bush Heather M. , Huang Zhengyan , Brancato Candace J. , Clear Emily R. , Follingstad Diane R. 
Published: April 2021

Bystander interventions are recognized as “promising” programming to reduce sexual violence. Gaps in current evaluations include limited follow-up post-training (beyond 24 months) and knowledge of additional bystander training during follow-up. In this prospective cohort study, nested in a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), three cohorts of high school (HS) seniors were recruited (Fall 2013-2015) and followed through Spring 2018 ( n = 1,831). Training was based on their school cluster RCT assignment and receipt of additional Green Dot (GD) training after HS. Training was hypothesized to be associated with lower scores indicating less acceptance of violence or sexism. Sixty percent reported GD training after HS (68.7% of 986 in intervention and 50% of 845 in control conditions). No significant differences ( p < .05) were observed by GD training for four of the five violence acceptance or sexism attitudinal measures at recruitment or final surveys. For “ambivalent sexism” alone was there a significant reduction in scale scores over time in the intervention versus control condition. Additional GD training after the RCT significantly reduced neither violence acceptance nor sexism scores over time. GD training does not appear to have a consistent longer-term impact on reducing violence acceptance and sexism.
Diagnosis of Uncomplicated and Complicated Appendicitis in Adults
Authors: Bom W. J. , Scheijmans J. C. G. , Salminen P. , Boermeester M. A. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Diagnostic work-up of acute appendicitis remains challenging. While some guidelines advise to use a risk stratification based on clinical parameters, others use standard imaging in all patients. As non-operative management of uncomplicated appendicitis has been identified as feasible and safe, differentiation between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis is of paramount importance. We reviewed the literature to describe the optimal strategy for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methods: A narrative review about the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adult patients was conducted. Both diagnostic strategies and goals were analyzed. Results: For diagnosing acute appendicitis, both ruling in and ruling out the disease are important. Clinical and laboratory findings individually do not suffice, but when combined in a diagnostic score, a better risk prediction can be made for having acute appendicitis. However, for accurate diagnosis imaging seems obligatory in patients suspected for acute appendicitis. Scoring systems combining clinical and imaging features may differentiate between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis and may enable ruling out complicated appendicitis. Within conservatively treated patients with uncomplicated appendicitis, predictive factors for non-responsiveness to antibiotics and recurrence of appendicitis need to be defined in order to optimize treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Standard imaging increases the diagnostic power for both ruling in and ruling out acute appendicitis. Incorporating imaging features in clinical scoring models may provide better differentiation between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis. Optimizing patient selection for antibiotic treatment of appendicitis may minimize recurrence rates, resulting in better treatment outcomes.
The SE-AssessWrist for robot-aided assessment of wrist stiffness and range of motion: Development and experimental validation
Authors: Erwin Andrew , McDonald Craig G , Moser Nicholas , O’Malley Marcia K 
Published: April 2021

Introduction Physical human-robot interaction offers a compelling platform for assessing recovery from neurological injury; however, robots currently used for assessment have typically been designed for the requirements of rehabilitation, not assessment. In this work, we present the design, control, and experimental validation of the SE-AssessWrist, which extends the capabilities of prior robotic devices to include complete wrist range of motion assessment in addition to stiffness evaluation. Methods The SE-AssessWrist uses a Bowden cable-based transmission in conjunction with series elastic actuation to increase device range of motion while not sacrificing torque output. Experimental validation of robot-aided wrist range of motion and stiffness assessment was carried out with five able-bodied individuals. Results The SE-AssessWrist achieves the desired maximum wrist range of motion, while having sufficient position and zero force control performance for wrist biomechanical assessment. Measurements of two-degree-of-freedom wrist range of motion and stiffness envelopes revealed that the axis of greatest range of motion and least stiffness were oblique to the conventional anatomical axes, and approximately parallel to each other. Conclusions Such an assessment could be beneficial in the clinic, where standard clinical measures of recovery after neurological injury are subjective, labor intensive, and graded on an ordinal scale.
In vitro biodegradation behavior of biodegradable hydroxyapatite coated AZ31 alloy treated at various pH values
Authors: Hanh Le , Van Hai Le , The Hoang Nguyen , Thi Hong Hanh Do , Minh Hai Le , Viet Nam Nguyen 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pH treatment on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating layer and the biodegradation rate of hydroxyapatite coated AZ31 alloy for applications in biodegradable implants. Methods: HA was grown on the surface of AZ31 substrate at three different pH solutions of 7.5, 9.0, and 10.5 respectively by chemical solution treatment method. The coated samples were evaluated their biodegradation behavior by immersion test in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 14 days. The biodegradation rate of the samples during immersion test was observed by Mg2+ ion quantification method and measuring the increase of pH of the medium. Results: HA coatings were successfully grown on the AZ31 substrate at three different pH conditions. The sample coated at pH 7.5 showed its uniform and dense coating layer resulted in highest corrosion resistance. While the highest biodegradation rate was observed for the sample coated at pH 10.5 due to many micro-cracks formed in the HA layer. After 14 days of immersion, Mg(OH)2 and calcium phosphate were corrosion products on the surface of the specimens coated at pH 10.5 and pH 9.0 respectively. While HA almost remained on the surface of sample coated at pH 7.5. Conclusion: AZ31 alloy coated with HA at pH 7.5 has lowest biodegradation rate and become suitable for applications in biodegradable implants.
How not to run out of oxygen: Primary FRCA forcibly put into practice by COVID-19 to maintain patient safety
Authors: Lake Daniel , Henwood Matthew , Eadie Phil , Dagg Kevin , Searle Peter , Fenlon Stephen , Iossifidis Francoise 
Published: April 2021

Background SARS-CoV-2 is currently the cause of a global pandemic, putting significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide. Reports reaching the United Kingdom, ahead of the pandemic, and previous surge planning (H1N1 influenza) highlighted that pipeline oxygen supply could be strained. Therefore, this study was created to investigate the robustness of pipeline oxygen supply at Darent Valley Hospital. Coinciding news reports of hospitals declaring major incidents, due to oxygen failure, further backed the contingency planning. Methods The maximum sustainable flow from the vacuum insulated evaporator (VIE) was calculated, followed by a snapshot survey identifying the exact usage of oxygen (litres per minute) across the entire hospital, also highlighting areas of high demand. A flowchart protocol was created for clinicians and engineers to follow should pipeline pressure drop. Finally, a second audit, monitoring oxygen usage and pipeline pressure, throughout the surge period, was undertaken. Results The initial survey found a usage of 412.15 L/min, which increased to 1789 L/min during the surge, with the lowest pressure recorded at 3.6 bar. The output from the VIE plant was managed through cycling of its evaporators every 12 h, to prevent pipeline freezing. Conclusions Data and contingency planning ensured maintenance of pipeline pressure throughout a pandemic surge of 576 COVID-19 patients. It also served as the foundation of a business case that resulted in, planning, approval, and installation of a second VIE plant in four weeks, ensuring readiness for further surge activity and future pandemics.
The potential of proliferative and apoptotic parameters in clinical flow cytometry of myeloid malignancies
Authors: Mestrum Stefan G. C. , Hopman Anton H. N. , Ramaekers Frans C. S. , Leers Math P. G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStandardization of the detection and quantification of leukocyte differentiation markers by the EuroFlow Consortium has led to a major step forward in the integration of flow cytometry into classification of leukemia and lymphoma. In our opinion, this now enables introduction of markers for more dynamic parameters, such as proliferative and (anti)apoptotic markers, which have proven their value in the field of histopathology in the diagnostic process of solid tumors and lymphoma. Although use of proliferative and (anti)apoptotic markers as objective parameters in the diagnostic process of myeloid malignancies was studied in the past decades, this did not result in the incorporation of these biomarkers into clinical diagnosis. This review addresses the potential of these markers for implementation in the current, state-of-the-art multiparameter analysis of myeloid malignancies. The reviewed studies clearly recognize the importance of proliferation and apoptotic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of bone marrow (BM) malignancies. The literature is, however, contradictory on the role of these processes in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms, and acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, several studies underline the need for the analysis of the proliferative and apoptotic rates in subsets of hematopoietic BM cell lineages and argue that these results can have diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with myeloid malignancies. Recent developments in multiparameter flow cytometry now allow quantification of proliferative and (anti)apoptotic indicators in myeloid cells during their different maturation stages of separate hematopoietic cell lineages. This will lead to a better understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of these malignancies.
Thermal degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose in ball-milled cedar and beech wood
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Minami Eiji , Asmadi Mohd , Kawamoto Haruo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe thermal degradation reactivities of hemicellulose and cellulose in wood cell walls are significantly different from the thermal degradation behavior of the respective isolated components. Furthermore, the degradation of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, a softwood) is distinct from that of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata, a hardwood). Lignin and uronic acid are believed to play crucial roles in governing this behavior. In this study, the effects of ball milling for various durations of time on the degradation reactivities of cedar and beech woods were evaluated based on the recovery rates of hydrolyzable sugars from pyrolyzed wood samples. The applied ball-milling treatment cleaved the lignin β-ether bonds and reduced the crystallinity of cellulose, as determined by X-ray diffraction. Both xylan and glucomannan degraded in a similar temperature range, although the isolated components exhibited different reactivities because of the catalytic effect of uronic acid bound to the xylose chains. These observations can be explained by the more homogeneous distribution of uronic acid in the matrix of cell walls as a result of ball milling. As observed for holocelluloses, cellulose in the ball-milled woods degraded in two temperature ranges (below 320 °C and above); a significant amount of cellulose degraded in the lower temperature range, which significantly changed the shapes of the thermogravimetric curves. This report compares the results obtained for cedar and beech woods, and discusses them in terms of the thermal degradation of the matrix and cellulose microfibrils in wood cell walls and role of lignin. Such information is crucial for understanding the pyrolysis and heat treatment of wood.
Methodology for classifying the ecosystem integrity of forests in Germany using quantified indicators
Authors: Jenssen Martin , Nickel Stefan , Schröder Winfried 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and climate change can have impacts on ecological structures and functions, and thus on the integrity of ecosystems and their services. Operationalization of ecosystem integrity is still an important desideratum.

Results
A methodology for classifying the ecosystem integrity of forests in Germany under the influence of climate change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition is presented. The methodology was based on 14 indicators for six ecosystem functions: habitat function, net primary function, carbon sequestration, nutrient and water flux, resilience. It allows assessments of ecosystem integrity changes by comparing current or prospective ecosystem states with ecosystem-type-specific reference states as described by quantitative indicators for 61 forest ecosystem types based on data before 1990.

Conclusion
The method developed enables site-specific classifications of ecosystem integrity as well as classifications with complete coverage and determinations of temporal trends as shown using examples from the Thuringian Forest and the “Kellerwald-Edersee” National Park (Germany).
Phylogenetic analysis of Harmonin homology domains
Authors: Colcombet-Cazenave Baptiste , Druart Karen , Bonnet Crystel , Petit Christine , Spérandio Olivier , Guglielmini Julien , Wolff Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Harmonin Homogy Domains (HHD) are recently identified orphan domains of about 70 residues folded in a compact five alpha-helix bundle that proved to be versatile in terms of function, allowing for direct binding to a partner as well as regulating the affinity and specificity of adjacent domains for their own targets. Adding their small size and rather simple fold, HHDs appear as convenient modules to regulate protein–protein interactions in various biological contexts. Surprisingly, only nine HHDs have been detected in six proteins, mainly expressed in sensory neurons.

Results
Here, we built a profile Hidden Markov Model to screen the entire UniProtKB for new HHD-containing proteins. Every hit was manually annotated, using a clustering approach, confirming that only a few proteins contain HHDs. We report the phylogenetic coverage of each protein and build a phylogenetic tree to trace the evolution of HHDs. We suggest that a HHD ancestor is shared with Paired Amphipathic Helices (PAH) domains, a four-helix bundle partially sharing fold and functional properties. We characterized amino-acid sequences of the various HHDs using pairwise BLASTP scoring coupled with community clustering and manually assessed sequence features among each individual family. These sequence features were analyzed using reported structures as well as homology models to highlight structural motifs underlying HHDs fold. We show that functional divergence is carried out by subtle differences in sequences that automatized approaches failed to detect.

Conclusions
We provide the first HHD databases, including sequences and conservation, phylogenic trees and a list of HHD variants found in the auditory system, which are available for the community. This case study highlights surprising phylogenetic properties found in orphan domains and will assist further studies of HHDs. We unveil the implication of HHDs in their various binding interfaces using conservation across families and a new protein–protein surface predictor. Finally, we discussed the functional consequences of three identified pathogenic HHD variants involved in Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome and of three newly reported pathogenic variants identified in patients suffering from Usher Syndrome.
A QTL for conformation of back and croup influences lateral gait quality in Icelandic horses
Authors: Rosengren Maria K. , Sigurðardóttir Heiðrún , Eriksson Susanne , Naboulsi Rakan , Jouni Ahmad , Novoa-Bravo Miguel , Albertsdóttir Elsa , Kristjánsson Þorvaldur , Rhodin Marie , Viklund Åsa , Velie Brandon D. , Negro Juan J. , Solé Marina , Lindgren Gabriella 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The back plays a vital role in horse locomotion, where the spine functions as a spring during the stride cycle. A complex interaction between the spine and the muscles of the back contribute to locomotion soundness, gait ability, and performance of riding and racehorses. Conformation is commonly used to select horses for breeding and performance in multiple horse breeds, where the back and croup conformation plays a significant role. The conformation of back and croup plays an important role on riding ability in Icelandic horses. However, the genes behind this trait are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with conformation of back and croup in Icelandic horses and to investigate their effects on riding ability. One hundred seventy-seven assessed Icelandic horses were included in the study. A genome-wide association analysis was performed using the 670 K+ Axiom Equine Genotyping Array, and the effects of different haplotypes in the top associated region were estimated for riding ability and additional conformation traits assessed during breeding field tests.

Results
A suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the score of back and croup was detected on Equus caballus (ECA) 22 (p-value = 2.67 × 10− 7). Haplotype analysis revealed two opposite haplotypes, which resulted in higher and lower scores of the back and croup, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Horses with the favorable haplotype were more inclined to have a well-balanced backline with an uphill conformation and had, on average, higher scores for the lateral gaits tölt (p-value = 0.02) and pace (p-value = 0.004). This genomic region harbors three genes: C20orf85, ANKRD60 and LOC100056167. ANKRD60 is associated with body height in humans. C20orf85 and ANKRD60 are potentially linked to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in humans.

Conclusions
Our results show that the detected QTL for conformation of back and croup is of importance for quality of lateral gaits in Icelandic horses. These findings could result in a genetic test to aid in the selection of breeding horses, thus they are of major interest for horse breeders. The results may also offer a gateway to comparative functional genomics by potentially linking both motor laterality and back inclination in horses with scoliosis in humans.
Transcriptome-wide study revealed m6A regulation of embryonic muscle development in Dingan goose (Anser cygnoides orientalis)
Authors: Xu Tieshan , Xu Zijie , Lu Lizhi , Zeng Tao , Gu Lihong , Huang Yongzhen , Zhang Shunjin , Yang Peng , Wen Yifan , Lin Dajie , Xing Manping , Huang Lili , Liu Guojun , Chao Zhe , Sun Weiping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The number of myofiber is determined during the embryonic stage and does not increase during the postnatal period for birds, including goose. Thus, muscle production of adult goose is pre-determined during embryogenesis. Previous studies show N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an important regulator for skeletal muscle development of birds and miRNAs play as a co-regulator for the skeletal muscle development in birds. Herein, we sequenced m6A and miRNA transcriptomes to investigate the profiles of m6A and their potential mechanism of regulating breast muscle development in Dingan Goose.

Results
We selected embryonic 21th day (E21) and embryonic 30th day (E30) to investigate the roles of transcriptome-wide m6A modification combining with mRNAs and miRNAs in goose breast muscle development. In this study, m6A peaks were mainly enriched in coding sequence (CDS) and start codon and397 genes were identified as differentially methylated genes (DMGs). GO and KEGG analysis showed that DMGs were highly related to cellular and metabolic process and that most DMGs were enriched in muscle-related pathways including Wnt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling and FoxO signaling pathway. Interestingly, a negative correlation between m6A methylation level and mRNA abundance was found through the analysis of m6A-RNA and RNA-seq data. Besides, we found 26 muscle-related genes in 397 DMGs. We also detected 228 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), and further found 329 genes shared by the target genes of DEMs and DMGs (m6A-miRNA-genes), suggesting a tightly relationship between DEMs and DMGs. Among the m6A-miRNA-genes, we found 10 genes are related to breast muscle development. We further picked out an m6A-miRNA-gene, PDK3, from the 10 genes to visualize it and the result showed differentially methylated peaks on the mRNA transcript consistent with our m6A-seq results.

Conclusion
GO and KEGG of DMGs between E21 and E30 showed most DMGs were muscle-related. In total, 228 DEMs were found, and the majority of DMGs were overlapped with the targets of DEGs. The differentially methylated peaks along with an m6A-miRNA-gene, PDK3, showed the similar results with m6A-seq results. Taken together, the results presented here provide a reference for further investigation of embryonic skeletal muscle development mechanism in goose.