bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Implications of Landing Distance on Landing Error Scoring System Scores
Authors: Hanzlíková Ivana , Hébert-Losier Kim 
Published: June 2021

Context
The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) screens for risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. The LESS requires individuals to jump forward from a 30-cm box to a distance of 50% of their body height. However, different landing distances have been cited in the scientific literature.

Objective
To examine whether landing distance influences LESS outcomes.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Participants or Other Participants
Seventy young active individuals (34 males, 36 females).

Intervention(s)
Participants performed 3 × 30-cm jump-landing tasks under 2 landing conditions in randomized order: (1) 50% of body height (d50%), (2) self-selected distance (dss).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Mean LESS scores, proportions of individuals categorized at high (LESS: ≥ 5 errors) and low (LESS: &lt; 5 errors) injury risk, and landing distances were compared between conditions using generalized estimating equations. Consistency of risk categorization was examined using odds ratios (ORs) and McNemar tests. McNemar and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare the occurrence of specific LESS errors.

Results
Participants landed closer to the box under the dss condition (difference = −23.28 [95% CI = −20.73, −25.81]%, P &lt; .001). Group mean LESS scores (difference = −0.01 [95% CI = −0.59, 0.57] error, P = .969) and risk categorization (OR = 0.94 [95% CI = 0.47, 1.88], P = .859) were similar between conditions. However, individual-level risk categorization was inconsistent in 33% of participants, as was the occurrence of specific errors.

Conclusions
Using dss during the LESS might lead to different LESS errors and risk categorizations at an individual level than using d50%. Given that individual LESS scores are of primary interest in clinical and sport settings and the injury-risk threshold has not been validated for dss, we recommend use of the original LESS protocol. When only group mean LESS scores or proportions of at-risk individuals are of interest, using dss is feasible to facilitate the testing of large cohorts.
A Clinical and Neurophysiological Analysis of Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome with Respect to Gender and Occupation
Authors: Mathew Asha Elizabeth , John Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) predominantly affects women. Previous studies observed more intense symptoms among women without a corresponding increase in disease severity and attributed it to reporting bias. In this study, we examined whether women are inherently more vulnerable to work related median nerve dysfunction at wrist and whether reported CTS symptoms among women correspond to the degree of median neuropathy at wrist.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was designed for outpatients (aged 25-59 years) diagnosed with CTS. Occupational categorisation was done based on the analysis of their individual job tasks. Symptom severity (Boston Symptom Severity Scale – SSS), functional disability (Boston Functional Status Scale - FSS), and clinical (Hi – Ob scale) and neurophysiological severity (NCS grade) were determined, compared among occupational groups and were statistically analysed.

Results:
A total of 454 patients (348 women and 106 men; F: M ratio 3.28:1) were included. Among them, 191 were housewives. Female manual workers and housewives reported significantly more intense symptoms with a corresponding increase in clinical and electrophysiological severity (p < 0.001) when compared to female non-manual workers. However, no significant difference in symptoms, clinical or neurophysiological severity was found between male non-manual and manual workers. Among manual workers, women were more symptomatic than men, but clinical and neurophysiological severities were significantly higher only in the older age groups.

Conclusion:
The differential vulnerability of the female population to hand-intensive work predisposes them to severe median nerve dysfunction at wrist with proportionately higher CTS symptoms. Therefore, working women need focussed attention for remedial measures.
Behavioral Intervention for Bladder Control and Its Impact on Quality of Life in Persons with Traumatic Paraplegia
Authors: Nayak Aradhana , Sahu Ram Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Injury to spinal cord results in many neurological problems, and bladder dysfunction is one of the major factors affecting quality of life (QOL). Improvement in bladder control leads to improvement of psychosocial well-being related to urinary incontinence, thereby enhancing QOL. The effect of behavioral intervention (BI) on bladder control is well documented in patients with urinary incontinence. However, very few evidences are available on its effect in patients with traumatic paraplegia in Indian context.

Objectives:
The study objective was to determine the effect of BI on bladder control and QOL in patients with traumatic paraplegia and to find the relationship between status of bladder control and QOL.

Study Design:
This was a one-arm interventional study design.

Methods:
Initial screening was done by using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, and thirty six traumatic paraplegics were recruited for the study. BI along with traditional bladder management was provided to them for 8 weeks, and after this period, home exercise program was prescribed. Pre- and postintervention data were recorded using Urogenital Distress Inventory short form (UDI-6) and Incontinence QOL (IQOL). Follow-up data were recorded 6 months after completion of intervention to measure the retention effect.

Results:
Friedman test showed a significant difference (P = 0.000 and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.000–0.080) across preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up data for both outcome measures. Post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant difference (P = 0.000 and 95% CI: 0.000–0.080) between preintervention and postintervention scores as well as preintervention and follow-up scores for both the outcome measures. No significant difference was noted on analysis of postintervention and follow-up scores (P=0.472 and 95% CI: 0.026-0.052) for UDI-6 and (P=0.743 and 95% CI:0.000-0.0130) for IQOL. When preintervention scores of UDI-6 and IQOL were correlated using Kendall's tau correlation coefficient, it gave a high negative correlation (−0.725), which implied that the poorer status of bladder control is related to poorer QOL.

Conclusion:
BI was an effective technique in improving bladder control, aid to faster improvement when used along with other traditional bladder management techniques in patients with traumatic paraplegia leading better QOL seen over a period of 6 months.
Rehabilitation Outcomes of Persons with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: CatherineJudithHossanna  , Samuelkamaleshkumar Selvaraj , Aruna Ranjan , Annpatriciacatherine Suresh , Reethajanetsurekha Stephen , Elango Arumugam 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The recent literature regarding functional outcomes and the effectiveness of rehabilitation for persons with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggests that these patients are capable of significant functional recovery over a period of months to years after injury. However, the researches concerning this are very limited. Therefore, this study has been conducted to study the rehabilitation outcomes in persons with severe TBI.

Objective:
To study the rehabilitation outcomes of persons with severe TBI who have completed 8–16 weeks of residential, postacute rehabilitation.

Study Design:
A cross-sectional survey study design was chosen.

Methods:
This study was done in Rehabilitation center of Christian Medical College, Vellore. Forty-two patients with severe TBI who completed rehabilitation from January 2014 to November 2016 were selected for this study. Usual care was provided to the participants in a transdisciplinary service delivery model. The Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM), Coma Recovery Scale Revised (CRS-R), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Disability Rating Scale, and Community reintegration Questionnaire (CIQ) were used based on the International Classification of Functioning framework to assess the functional gains achieved during and after the rehabilitation process that include admission, discharge, and follow-up.

Results:
Significant improvements in CRS-R (confidence interval [CI]: −2.879 to − 0.741; P= 0.000), WHIM (CI: −10.42 to − 2.96; P= 0.000), ACE-III (CI: −8.23 to − 26.15; P= 0.000), and MBI (CI: −15.32 to − 39.18; P= 0.000) were found from admission to discharge. A significant change in disability was observed at discharge (CI: 3.79–6.07; P= 0.000) and at follow-up (CI: 0.87–1.75; P= 0.000). Marital status was influencing the CRS-R (CI: −0.82–6.79; P= 0.011) and the WHIM scores (CI: −0.619–14.12; P= 0.047). The mean follow-up CIQ score was 9.77 (standard deviation = 7.01). Only socioeconomic status was influencing CIQ (CI: 2.90–12.98; P= 0.003).

Conclusion:
Participants showed significant functional gains after the residential, post-acute rehabilitation program. These functional gains were not reflected in their community reintegration.
Effect of Short-Term Yoga-Based-Breathing on Peri-Operative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Azeez Aspari Mahammad , Puri Goverdhan Dutt , Samra Tanvir , Singh Mahinder 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Peri-operative anxiety in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery is detrimental. This study evaluated the effect of short-term yoga based-breathing with different variations on peri-operative anxiety.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in patients aged 20–60 years scheduled for major cardiac surgery. Patients in Yoga group were trained for yoga based-breathing with different variations for 5 days; no intervention was done in controls.

Results:
We analyzed twenty patients in each group. Anxiety scores measured at baseline, presurgery, and postsurgery were entered as the within-subjects factor; group status was entered as the between-subjects factor in the RMANOVA. Baseline demographics and anxiety scores were comparable. The short-term yoga-based breathing exercise-training program had a statistically significant effect on state (F = 13.45, P < 0.0001), Trait (F = 13.29, P < 0.0001) and total anxiety scores (F = 29.44, P < 0.0001) at different time points for yoga over control group.

Conclusion:
Short-term yoga-based breathing for 5 days lowers presurgery and postsurgery anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Effect of Pranayama Techniques with Marmanasthanam Kriya as Yogic Relaxation on Biopsychosocial Parameters Prior to Endodontic Therapy
Authors: Thiruvalluvan Akshaya , Sekizhar Vandana , Ramanathan Meena , Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi , Chakravathy Dhanavel , Reddy Jagat R. C. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The root canal treatment is one of the common dental or endodontic therapies associated with high levels of patient anxiety. Yoga therapy (YT) is reported in medical literature as an effective modality in bringing down anxiety in clinical scenarios; however, the reports of the same for dental settings are fewer. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of YT on biopsychosocial parameters in patients undergoing root canal therapy.

Materials and Methods:
A cross sectional study was conducted on 50 participants who underwent dental root canal therapy. The sample was divided into two groups: Yoga group (Group A; n = 25) who received YT and control group (Group B; n = 25) who were subjected to self-relaxation during dental procedure. The state of anxiety was measured by a 5-point single-item Likert scale and the cardiovascular (CV) parameters (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], heart rate [HR]) and CV indices (pulse pressure [PP], mean arterial pressure [MAP], rate-pressure product [RPP], and double product [DoP]) were derived and compared between both the groups.

Results:
The intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences in anxiety score (P < 0.001), SBP (P < 0.001), MAP (P < 0.001), RPP (P < 0.001), DoP (P < 0.001), HR (P < 0.029), DBP (P < 0.003), and PP (P < 0.116).

Conclusion:
A significant reduction was recorded in terms of anxiety and primary and derived CV parameters in the yoga group. The YT can be adopted as an interventional tool for anxiety management in patients indicated for dental root canal therapy.
Role of Mind–Body Intervention on Lipid Profile
Authors: Mehra Priya , Anand Akshay , Nagarathna R , Kaur Navneet , Malik Neeru , Singh Amit , Pannu Viraaj , Avti Pramod , Patil Suchitra , Nagendra H R 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Yoga is a combination of physical-breathing and meditative techniques that assist in the unification of the mind–body, which improves the quality of life. It was shown that long-term Yoga practitioners had superior control over respiratory rate, reduced stress and anxiety, and a better-controlled lipid profile.

Purpose:
We aimed to investigate the lipid profile of long-term yoga practitioners who were practicing yoga for more than 1 year in comparison with the nonyoga group.

Methods:
A nationwide survey was conducted in which the long-term yoga practitioners (n = 76) and nonyoga practitioners (n = 80) were recruited for assessment for the lipid parameters.

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) values of both groups were within normal range with serum cholesterol at 189.715 ± 20.4 and 180.88 ± 29.7 and triglycerides at 216.72 ± 92.5 and 207.665 ± 88.3, low-density lipoprotein at 126.65 ± 18.5 and 120.775 ± 26.5, and high-density lipoprotein at 47.17 ± 6.6 and 44.99 ± 7.0, respectively, in yoga and no-yoga groups.

Conclusion:
The lipid profile values were similar in yoga and nonyoga practitioners in the 2017 survey.
Knowledge, attitude, and awareness among dentists regarding COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal
Authors: Gayen Khooshbu , Galui Sauvik , Das Lopamoodra , Saha Subrata , Sarkar Subir 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global public health emergency, the rapid and extensive spread of COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness among the dentists of West Bengal regarding coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Materials and Methods:
The study population for this survey are the dentists of West Bengal who work in government sector or in any private clinics. An online questionnaire comprising 28 questions was sent to the sample size. The questionnaire was composed of series of questions about the knowledge of dentists regarding the incubation period, symptoms, mode of transmission of coronavirus disease, their awareness about the infection control measures, and the attitude toward treating the patients with COVID-19.

Results:
A total of 107 dentists responded to this survey. Of them, 7.5% have completed their postgraduation in any specific subject, 30.2% are under postgraduate training, and 62.3% are practicing after completion of their graduation. Eighty percent of the dentists involved in the study have correctly reported the incubation period which is 7–14 days. Majority of the dentists were aware of the symptoms of COVID-19, which would help them in identifying the patients at risk of getting COVID-19 infection. Sixty-seven percent of them found it necessary to make the sitting arrangement at significant distances in the waiting area as a preventive measure. Majority of them considered that dentists should play an important role in spreading awareness regarding COVID-19.

Conclusion:
The dentists were found to have a good knowledge about the symptoms, mode of transmission, and the preventive measures. They were advised to follow the guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization and remain well informed about the recommended disease management protocols so that no stone is left unturned in defeating this pandemic.
Demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of interstitial lung disease with systemic sclerosis in eastern part of Libya
Authors: Elbraky Fathi , Alsaeiti Khaled , Aboulqasim Fathiyah , Alawgali Saleh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary involvement, such as Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and Pulmonary Hypertension (PH ), accounts for significant morbidity and is the leading cause of Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of the current study was to study the frequency of occurrence of ILD in SSc and to describe the clinical and radiological picture of pulmonary involvement in SSc. Patients and Methods: Forty patients attending different rheumatology clinics in eastern part of Libya between January 2018 and September 2020 were included. Basic details including age, gender, disease duration, detailed history, and clinical examination were noted. Autoimmune profiling included rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and anti-Scl-70 antibodies. Pulmonary function test, chest X-ray (CXR), and high-resolution computed tomography of the chest (HRCT) in all patients were recorded. Data presented either as frequencies and percentages or as means ± standard deviation. Results: The male: female ratio was 1:9 with a mean age of 37.5 ± 9.6 years and duration of illness 6 ± 4 years. diffuse cutaneous SSc was seen in 62.5% of the patients. 77.5% of the participants had bilateral crepitation and 57.5% had loud P2. Presenting complaints included gastrointestinal reflux in 72.5%, digitalis ulcerations in 40%, and synovitis/arthritis of all patients. Other comorbidities included congestive heart failure in 12.5%, PH in 15%, and renal impairments in 7.5% of all patients. Anti-Scl-70 antibody was the most common in all patients (45%), followed by anti-centromere Ab (25%), anti-U3 RNP (10%), and anti-U1 RNP (5%). 72.5% of the participants had reticulonodular shadows on CXR. HRCT showed honeycombing as the predominant finding (37.5%). Echocardiograms showed that 15% of all patients have signs of PH. Duration of disease, dyspnea, cough, bilateral crepitations, and CXR were found to be significantly associated with extensive ILD (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ILD is a serious complication of SSc, it is more common among patients with dcSSc. Chest HRCT is very sensitive to detect ILD. A significant association was found in Libyan patients between the severity of ILD and the duration of disease, dyspnea, cough, bilateral crepts, and CXR.
Evaluation of the urology residency training program in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhamees Mohammad Abdulkareem , Almutairi Sulaiman A. , Aljuhayman Ahmed M. , Alkanhal Hammam , Alenezi Saad H. , Almuhaideb Mana , Alkhateeb Sultan S. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
This study evaluates the satisfaction of urology residents with the Saudi Board of Urology (SBU) Training Program and identifies areas of weakness and strength to improve the educational environment, surgical competency, and overall satisfaction of urology residents with the program.

Methods:
We administered an electronic self-made questionnaire that included two sections. One comprised demographic data (age, gender, weight, height, marital status, level of training, city of training, and center of training), while the other concerned SBU evaluation (satisfaction with different aspects of training, such as ways of assessment, mentors’ feedback, surgical competency, research, and strengths and weaknesses of SBU).

Results:
The overall satisfaction of urology residency program was 28.8% while 44.2% of residents had a neutral response. The highest level of satisfaction with clinical and surgical practice was among graduates (56.9%) and Riyadh residents (45.1%). Furthermore, good work/life balance received the lowest level of satisfaction (5.2%) among senior residents, while good clinical experience received the highest level (62.7%) among the graduates. Residents reported a high exposure in endourology and pediatric urology, while transplant, reconstructive, and neurourology had the lowest exposure. Forty-two percent of respondents undertook research during their residency training, but most respondents (54%) did not publish any research papers during their training. Sixty-two percent of graduates felt that their training program did not prepare them adequately to perform well on the board examinations.

Conclusion:
Our results confirmed that satisfaction of residents with the urology program process is variable according to the city of training. Having high satisfaction level in some cities reflects the improvement of urology training program after restructuring. We identified new areas in need of improvement, namely lack of mentorship, clear and formal assessment process, and variation of training process between central and peripheral programs.
Makharbek Safarovich Tuganov and Boris Alexandrovich Galaev. Features of creative dialogue
Authors: Плиева М.Г. 
Published: June 2021

статья, основанная на документальном материале, освещает некоторые
аспекты многогранного творческого наследия художника М.С. Туганова и композитора
Б.А. Галаева, знакомит с уточненными фактами биографии, этнографической и педа-
гогической деятельностью. В статье впервые исследуется творческий тандем выдаю-
щихся представителей осетинского искусства середины XX века. Изложено авторское
видение на проблему датировки первой осетинской оперы.
The article, based on the documentary material, highlights some aspects of the multifaseted
creative heritage of the artist M.S. Tuganov and the composer B.A. Galaev, introduces
the updated facts of the biography, ethnographic and pedagogical activities. The creative
tandem of outstanding representatives of the Ossetian art of the XX century is explored in this
article for the fi rst time. The author’s vision for the dating of the fi rst Ossetian opera is presented.
Pogezanian lieges in the State of Teutonic Order in 1261–1370
Authors: Денисов С.А. 
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена инкорпорированию жителей Погезании, одной из за-
падных прусских земель, в орденскую систему ленного землевладения в 1261–1370 гг.
Основную часть ленников (173 из 176 персон) составили лица, обязанные нести во-
енную службу и платить налог (группа 1) или освобожденные от податей (группа 2).
Рост их численности был связан с потребностями Ордена в военной силе и доходах
от земельной собственности для борьбы с Великим Литовским княжеством за поли-
тическое лидерство в Юго-Восточной Прибалтике.
The article deals with the incorporation of inhabitants of Pogezania one of the
western Prussian lands, into the Order’s system of fi ef land ownership in 1261–1370. The
main part of lieges (173 from 176 persons) consisted of individuals, who were obliged to keep
military service and to pay taxes (group 1) or free from any payment (group 2). The growth of
their number was caused by needs of Order in military force and incomes from the land estates
for the struggle with Grand Duchy of Lithuania for the leadership in South-East of Baltic region.
The stories of Batyrbek Tuganov and their signifi cance in the history of Ossetian Russian-language prose
Authors: Хугаев И.С. 
Published: June 2021

В статье дается комплексное рассмотрение идейно-художественно-
го содержания рассказов Батырбека Туганова, одного из виднейших представителей
осетинской (русскоязычной) литературы рубежа XIX и XX веков; фиксируются их осо-
бенности в сопоставлении с текстами соответствующего жанра, принадлежащими
предшественникам Туганова – И. Канукову и К. Хетагурову, и их значение в становле-
нии осетинского литературного билингвизма.
The article provides a comprehensive review of the ideological and artistic content
of the stories of Batyrbek Tuganov, one of the most prominent representatives of the Ossetian
(Russian – language) literature of the turn of the XIX and XX centuries; their features are
recorded in comparison with the texts of the corresponding genre belonging to the predecessors
of Tuganov, namely, I. Kanukov and K. Khetagurov and their signifi cance in the formation of
Ossetian literary bilingualism.