bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A putative Fe+3/phytosiderophore (PS) transporter isolated from oats (Avena sativa)
Authors: Davis George Thomas , Stocksdale Mark 
Published: June 2021

The objectives of this project were: 1) to isolate and characterize a Fe+3/phytosiderophore (PS) transporter from Oats (Avena sativa), and, 2) develop a method for the synthesis of the oat phytosiderophore avenic acid. The putative transporter's functionality will be evaluated by complementation assays in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) using synthetic avenic acid (Stocksdale).Total RNA was isolated from the roots of hydroponically grown, iron‐starved oats (var. Rodeo). Full‐length clones were obtained using 5′RACE and RT/PCR. Sequence analysis of the clone, AvsYS1, (Genbank Accession# FJ477297) shows>;85% similarity at both the nucleotide and amino acid level to HvYS1, a functionally confirmed Fe+3/ (PS) transporter from barley (Hordeum vulgare). AvsYS1 was subcloned into pYES2 (Invitrogen), a galactose‐inducible shuttle vector.DDY4 ( a gift from Dr. David Eide) is a mutant S. cervisiae lacking a Fe+3 uptake ability. DDY4 will be transformed with pYES2/BS4YAT, pYES2 containing the AvsYS1 insert. To evaluate functionality, transformants will be grown in minimal media (plates and liquid) supplemented with FeCl3, synthetic avenic acid or complexed FeCl3/avenic acid. If AvsYS1 encodes a functional transporter we will be able to rescue DDY4 in a the medium is supplemented with FeCl3/avenic acid.This research was supported by a USDA CSREES Grant, #2007–35318
Genetic control of serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) level under normal and low dietary calcium (Ca) conditions
Authors: Replogle Rebecca A , Wang Libo , Zhang Min , Fleet James C. 
Published: June 2021

Low dietary Ca intake increases renal conversion of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to 1,25D. This adaptation protects bone under periods of dietary Ca stress. We conducted two studies to characterize the genetic controls on serum 25D and 1,25D levels in mice. Male mice from 11 inbred lines (Study 1) and 51 BXD recombinant inbred lines (Study 2) were placed on diets containing 200 IU vitamin D and either normal (0.5%) or low (0.25%) Ca from 4–12 wks of age. Study 1 revealed significant variation in serum 25D, serum 1,25D, and adaptation of serum 1,25D to low dietary Ca intake among the 11 lines. In Study 2, narrow sense heritability (h2) of 25D and 1,25D on the 0.5% Ca diet was 0.40 and 0.66, respectively. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were located using composite interval mapping (CIM) and a Bayesian method. Five loci were in common between metabolites. Twelve QTL affecting 25D were identified and included the candidate genes VDR, Cdh3, and FGF23 located near the QTL on chr 6, 8, and 15. Nineteen QTL accounting for 52% of the genetic variance in 1,25D were identified, including 3 diet interaction loci. Previously identified candidate genes are near 5 loci, including the VDR gene. Our results show serum vitamin D metabolite levels are controlled by multiple genetic factors that, in some cases, interact with the dietary environment.Supported by NIH awards ES019103 to JCF and USDA NIFA award 2012–67011‐19963 to RAR
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Does Not Alter Insulin Sensitivity or Serum Adiponectin in Healthy Hispanic Women
Authors: Deemer Sarah E , King George A , Hickey Matthew S , Melby Chris L 
Published: June 2021

Data from cell culture and animal models have shown that omega‐3 (Ω‐3) fatty acids can improve insulin and adiponectin action, but human studies are much less conclusive.PURPOSEA 90‐d Ω‐3 supplementation trial was conducted in Hispanic women.METHODS23 women ([mean ±SE] age: 36±3 y, BMI: 30.6±1.2 kg/m2, BF: 46.7±1.1 %) were randomly assigned to placebo (olive oil, 2000 mg/d, n=8) or the Ω‐3 (1294 g EPA/d + 506 g DHA/d, n=15) group. Insulin sensitivity was determined using the euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp at 0 and 90 days. Total and HMW adiponectin were determined at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days.RESULTSInsulin sensitivity (mg GLU/kg FFM/min) was unchanged in both the placebo (12.4±1.6 to 12.2±1.2) and Ω‐3 (11.0±1.4 to 12.0±1.4) groups after 90‐d. The placebo group had significantly decreased total adiponectin at 60‐d and 90‐d compared to 30‐d (data not shown), and there was no change in total adiponectin in the Ω‐3 group. HMW adiponectin significantly decreased from 30‐d to 90‐d in the placebo group (3.6±0.4 to 3.1±0.4 μg/mL). Conversely, HMW adiponectin increased from 0‐d to 60‐d (2.6±0.3 to 2.9±0.4 μg/mL) in the Ω‐3 group.DISCUSSIONThese data demonstrate that Ω‐3 FA supplementation in Hispanic women does not significantly influence insulin sensitivity or total adiponectin; yet there are modest effects on HMW adiponectin.Funded by the USDA – Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station
Iron status is associated with auditory brainstem response measures in newborns
Authors: Lee Sunmin , Guillet Ronnie , Orlando Mark , Cooper Elizabeth , Pressman Eva , Queenan Ruth Anne , O'Brien Kimberly O 
Published: June 2021

Iron (Fe) deficiency in utero may impact auditory nerve myelination. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) provides a noninvasive means of assessing auditory neural maturation. To assess relationships between neonatal Fe status and auditory neural outcomes, ABR measures were evaluated in 112 neonates born to pregnant adolescents (16.9 ± 1.0 y). Neonatal Fe status was assessed using cord blood obtained at birth (39.9 ± 1.4 wks): 26% of newborns were anemic (Hb <13.5 g/dL), and the neonatal serum ferritin (SF) and total body Fe (TBI) were 152.9 ± 120.7 μg/L, 8.1 ± 3.5 mg/kg respectively. Higher neonatal SF and TBI were associated with shorter absolute wave I latencies (p<0.01), and neonates with SF and TBI measures in the lowest quartile had significantly prolonged absolute wave I latency compared to those in the highest quartiles (1.75 ± 0.18 vs. 1.62 ± 0.15 msec, p=0.002 for SF; 1.76 ± 0.18 vs. 1.62 ± 0.14 msec, p=0.007 for TBI). All analyses were controlled for gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and infant sex. Our findings suggest that there appears to be an association between limited Fe stores in neonates with prolonged neural transmission time. Increased attention on optimizing Fe status among newborns is warranted. Supported by USDA 2005–35200; 2008–01857.Grant Funding Source: USDA 2005–35200; 2008–01857.
Body image perception among pre‐adolescent children participating in a nutrition and physical activity intervention program
Authors: McCann Anne , Kemmer Teresa , Wey Howard , Jensen Becky 
Published: June 2021

This study determined body image perception among rural preadolescents and examined the effects of an intervention program on body image discrepancy (BID) scores. Seventy‐six fifth and sixth grade students (36 intervention, 40 control), from five rural South Dakota schools participated in the KidQuest program. Six nutrition lessons with physical activity components were taught within five months. Body mass index (BMI), body image perception, and self‐reported Tanner stages were analyzed. Fifty‐five percent of children at pre‐assessment and 38% at post‐assessment selected a thinner preferred body image than self body image. Although no difference was seen between study groups, the change in BID scores from pre‐ to post‐assessment was significantly different between genders (p=0.05). At pre‐assessment, concordance between self body image and preferred body image was 26% for males and 21% for females and at post‐assessment was 40% for males and 27% for females. There was a significant difference between males (1.81±0.748) and females (2.27±0.830) for pre‐assessment Tanner stages (p=0.014), but no significant difference was found for post‐assessment or the change from pre‐ to post‐assessment. Body image perception was not influenced by the intervention; however, gender was associated with body image perceptions. This should be considered when developing interventions to reduce childhood obesity.Grant Funding Source: USDA NIFA Competitive Grant 2011–67002‐30202 and SD Agricultural Experiment Station HATCH Grant SD00H249–08
Parent reports of young children's sensory characteristics are related to children's food neophobia
Authors: Johnson Susan L , Davies Patricia , Boles Richard E , Gavin William , Bellows Laura 
Published: June 2021

Neophobia in young children has been associated with lack of dietary variety and less than optimal nutrient intakes. Underlying characteristics that may predispose a child to neophobia have not been widely studied in typically developing children. In an intervention study designed to prevent early childhood obesity in rural Colorado (The Colorado LEAP Study), parental reports of children's oral sensory issues (Oral Sensory Profile; OSP) and children's neophobia (Negative Reactions to Food Scale; NEO) were assessed and child weight outcome (BMIzb) was measured at baseline. Preschool‐aged children (n=214; 120 girls, 94 boys; 56.1 ± 4.2 mo; BMIzb = 0.51 ± 1.4) and parents (n=161, 48 Hispanic [H], 113 NonHispanic White [NHW]) participated in data collection. No differences were noted in children's mean OSP or in NEO by, parents’ income or education, or sex of child; however Hispanic parents reported lower child OSP scores (OSPH = 29.7, OSPNHW=33.2, t=−2.8, p=.006). Parent ratings of children's OSP and NEO were significantly correlated (r−0.53= p<.001). That is, more atypical scores of children's oral sensory characteristics were related to higher neophobia ratings. Children's OSP and NEO were not related to their BMIzb scores. Children's oral sensory characteristics, in addition to mere exposure and development effects, may contribute to young children's food preferences and selection.Supported by USDA AFRI Grant #2010–85215‐20648
Development of 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) menus for a randomized controlled‐feeding study
Authors: Schroeder Natalia , Kang Min‐Sook , Kim Yangsuk , Ha Grace , Park Young‐Hee , Kim Haeng‐Ran , Yates Allison , Caballero Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this project was to develop menus based on the 2010 DGA, as part of a larger study examining diet patterns and CVD risk factors. The goals for the DGA menu were a macronutrient content of 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat, and sodium content of 2.3 g/d (2000 kcal pattern). Food group targets included grains (6 oz‐eq with half whole grain), vegetables (2.5 cups), fruit (2 cups), dairy (3 cups), and protein (5.5 oz‐eq). Menus were created for a 7‐day cycle with an energy intake range of 1800–3500 kcal/d with all components scaled from 2000 kcal. Menus were developed using the ESHA dietary analysis program. Diet composition was confirmed by composite analyses. The 2000 kcal pattern weekly average based on analysis was 2042 kcal, 57% carbohydrate, 19% protein, and 26% fat. In order to keep sodium levels low when scaling diets, the 2000 kcal pattern contained 1.6 g/d of sodium. Designing menus following the DGA takes careful selection of a variety of nutrient‐dense, low‐fat, and low sodium items that contain minimal hidden added sugars. Processed food items most difficult to find were whole grain products and products without added sugars. Energy intakes greater than 2000 kcal must consist of all specially processed low sodium options in order to meet recommendations. Further, appropriate preparation methods are a key component to meeting the DGA.Supported by ARS/USDA and RDA Republic of Korea
Sugar sweetened beverage consumption is higher in normal weight than overweight and obese adolescents: Implications for future increased prevalence of obesity
Authors: Rodriguez Maria , Ortiz Rudy , Montez Priscilla , Weffer Simon 
Published: June 2021

The associations among sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption (water, milk, juice and soft drinks) with regards to body mass in Hispanics in rural areas are not well examined. Surveys collected self‐reported data on daily beverage consumption and related to direct measures of BMI from non‐Hispanic white (312 males, 301 females) and Hispanic (671 males, 610 females) adolescents (13– 17 years old.) On average, 49% of overweight and obese adolescents, regardless of race and gender, drank more water than their normal weight counterparts. 61% of normal weight non‐ Hispanic white females reported consuming more soft drinks per day than their obese and overweight counterparts regardless of race. Furthermore, 46% of normal weight and overweight Hispanic males drank more juice per day than white males. The lack of higher SSB consumption in overweight and obese adolescents suggests that either SSB consumption is not a principal cause of their increased weight or that most of these adolescents are beginning to reduce their intake to address their weight issues. The higher SSB consumption in normal weight females is alarming because we have reported reduced physical activity levels in this group, and thus, suggests that this group is susceptible to weight gain and increasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population of adolescents, further burdening the epidemic that plagues the United States.Grant Funding Source: United States Department of Agriculture
Pregnancy increases the use of choline derived methyl groups for phosphatidylcholine (PC) production through the PEMT pathway with subsequent selective transfer of PEMT‐PC to the fetus
Authors: Yan Jian , West Allyson A , Jiang Xinyin , Perry Cydne A , Malysheva Olga V , Caudill Marie A 
Published: June 2021

To quantify the effect of pregnancy on the metabolic use of orally consumed choline, healthy pregnant (P, n = 26, wk 27 gestation) and nonpregnant (NP, n = 21) women consumed ~22% of their total choline intake (480 or 930 mg/d) as methyl‐d9‐choline for the last 6 wk of a 12 wk feeding study. At wk 12, a lower (P < 0.001) plasma enrichment ratio of d9‐betaine:d9‐phosphatidylcholine (PC) was observed in P vs. NP women, implying preferential partitioning of choline into the CDP‐choline pathway relative to betaine synthesis in late pregnancy. Nonetheless, the use of betaine for methionine synthesis was enhanced in P (vs. NP) women, as suggested by the higher (P < 0.001) plasma enrichment ratio of d3‐ methionine:(d3+d9)‐betaine. Pregnant (vs. NP) women also used more choline derived methyl groups for PC synthesis via PEMT as indicated by a comparable change in PEMT‐PC enrichment (wk 12‐wk 9) despite a 1.5× larger pool. In addition, P (vs. NP) women used more free choline liberated from PEMT‐PC for betaine synthesis, as suggested by the higher plasma enrichment ratio of d3‐choline:d3‐PC (P < 0.001) and d3‐betaine:d3‐choline (P = 0.08). Notably, d3‐PC enrichment was in the order of maternal blood < placenta < cord blood (P < 0.001) whereas d9‐PC enrichment was in the reverse order. These data demonstrate that both pathways for PC synthesis are elevated in late pregnancy with evidence of preferential transfer of PEMT‐PC towards the fetus.Funded by the USDA, ENC, and NCBA.
The p53‐dependent elevation of human colon cancer stem cell apoptosis by “Java Plum” anthocyanins
Authors: Charepalli Venkata Rohit , Reddivari Lavanya , Vanamala Jairam 
Published: June 2021

We and others have previously shown that anthocyanins suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in human prostate (LNCaP and PC‐3) and colon (HCT‐116 and HT‐29) cancer cells in vitro and ApcMin/+ mice model. Recent evidence suggests that colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) promote resistance to chemotherapy, relapse of tumors and contribute to poor prognosis. However, proapoptotic activity of anthocyanins against CSCs is not known. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the anthocyanin profile of Java plum (JPE), Eugenia jambolana Lam., a tropical fruit using UPLCMS; and 2) to determine the anti‐proliferative (cell counting and BrdU) and proapoptotic (Caspase 3/7 glo assay and TUNEL) properties of JPE using early state colon cancer cell line, HCT‐116 p53 +/+ and p53 −/−, and CSCs (positive for CD44, CD133, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase markers) with functioning/attenuated p53 (shRNA). JPE contained a variety of anthocyanins including delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin in diglucoside form. For the first time, we demonstrated that JPE anthocyanins suppressed (P < 0.05) proliferation and elevated (P < 0.05) apoptosis in HCT‐116 p53 +/+ and CSCs, but not in HCT‐ 116 p53 −/− cells and CSCs with attenuated p53. These results suggest that the p53 dependent pro‐apoptotic activity of JPE may be exploited therapeutically in colon cancer.Grant Funding Source: Grant Funding Source: National Research Initiative Grant 2009–55200‐05197 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (2009–2012) and Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) grant (2010–2012), Colorado State University.
Early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) regulates pro‐inflammatory gene expression in response to palmitate and TNFa in human placenta cells and is induced in obese placenta
Authors: Saben Jessica Lynn , Andres Aline , Borengasser Sarah , Zhong Ying , Shankar Kartik 
Published: June 2021

Maternal obesity has been hypothesized to induce a pro‐inflammatory response in the placenta. However, the specific factors contributing to this pro‐inflammatory response are yet to be determined. Our objective was to examine the effects of palmitic acid (PA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or a combination of both (PA + TNFα) on placental trophoblasts (Bewo cells). Microarray analysis revealed distinct gene expression signatures with increased expression of genes regulated by mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), or involved in inflammation, and in the immediate‐early response after exposure to PA, TNFα, or PA + TNFα. An immediate‐early response gene, early growth response 1 (EGR1), showed the largest increase in mRNA following treatment with PA and PA + TNFα and was regulated by transcription factors downstream of MAPKs. Knockdown of EGR1 in placenta cells impaired the pro‐inflammatory response to PA and PA + TNFα. Analysis of term placenta from lean and obese pregnant women showed increased MAPK signaling and EGR1 protein associated with obesity. RNA‐seq analysis also revealed elevated genes involved with inflammation in obese verses lean placenta. Our results indicate that increased circulating fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines associated with obesity, may contribute to inflammation in placenta cells for which EGR1 may be a key regulator.Grant Funding Source: USDA ARS‐CRIS 6251–51000‐007–04S
Effects of estrogen on statin‐induced toxicity in proliferating and differentiating myoblasts
Authors: Mertz Chelsea Claire , Bielman Marie , Ball Karen L 
Published: June 2021

Estrogen (E) regulates apoptosis in a variety of cell types with antiapoptotic effects reported in skeletal myoblasts. Interestingly, it has been suggested that in vivo females are more susceptible to myotoxicity from statin use. Our aim was to assess the role of E in simvastatin (SS) induced apoptosis in myoblasts. C2C12 cells were cultured in growth media (GM) and plated in 96‐well plates. After 72 hrs exposure to GM, GM + SS (10 μM), or GM + SS + E (1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 μM) an MTS cell viability assay was run. In a separate experiment cells were stained with DAPI to quantify apoptotic nuclei. To measure SS + E effects in differentiating myoblasts, cells were maintained in GM until confluent then exposed to the following differentiation media: DM, DM+ SS (10 μM), or DM+ SS + E (0.1, 0.01, 0.001 μM) for 72 hours. Cells were DAPI‐stained and apoptotic nuclei quantified. Data was analyzed by 1‐way ANOVA; p<0.05. As in previous studies, SS decreased the number of viable cells to 45% of control. However, E had no effect at any concentration. DAPI staining showed induction of apoptosis in the presence of SS with E neither blocking or enhancing the effect. In differentiating cells, apoptotic nuclei increased from 6.5% to over 50% with SS. Again, E had no effect. Further studies are needed to explain this lack of E effect in vitro with reported in vivo female susceptibility to statin‐induced myotoxicity.Supported by NSF STEP Grant
Activation of both phasic and tonic GABAA¬ receptors modulates vagal efferent outflow regulating gastric motor functions
Authors: Reagan Zachary K , Browning Kirsteen N 
Published: June 2021

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) provides the parasympathetic innervation to the stomach. DMV neurons display both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors that are activated by phasic and tonic GABA release, respectively. Studies have demonstrated that ongoing activation of GABAA receptors is critical in determining vagal efferent outflow to the stomach. The present study was designed to investigate whether phasic and/or tonic GABAA receptors are involved in the regulation of gastric tone.Miniaturized strain gauges were sutured to the ventral surface of the gastric corpus in male Sprague‐Dawley rats (175–300g). The GABAA receptor antagonists, gabazine (0.78–6.25pmol) and/or bicuculline methiodide (BMI; 25–100pmol), were microinjected into the dorsal vagal complex and the increase in gastric tone expressed relative to the maximal increase induced following i.v. application of the non‐selective muscarinic agonist, bethanecol (352pmol; 1ml). At low doses, gabazine acts selectively on extrasynaptic receptors, whereas BMI acts on both synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors.Gabazine increased gastric tone 5.1±1.7% at 0.78pmol, n=10, increasing to 15.3±1.74% and 19.1±5.94% in response to 3.125 and 6.25pmol, n = 5,6, respectively (P<0.05 vs 0.78pmol for each). At lower doses, BMI induced similar increases in gastric tone (11.0±4.7% and 14.9±5.5% at 25 and 50pmol, n = 8,8, respectively) whereas the response was significantly greater at 100pmol (35.7±17.8%, n=4, P<0.05). These data suggest that the activity of DMV neurons, hence vagal efferent outflow to the stomach, is regulated by both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors implying a more complex synaptic modulation than previously considered.Supported by NSF IOS 11489364
Preservation of skeletal muscle by the heat shock proteins following frostbite injury
Authors: Mestril Ruben , Schweigert Colin , Batey Jason , Liskutin Tomas , Baldwin John 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSkeletal muscle damage due to frostbite represents a serious medical problem. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response cause muscle degeneration following skeletal muscle injury. Studies have shown that the heat shock proteins (hsp) are able to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation.ResultsIn the present study we used rat hindlimbs to examine the effects of several heat shock protein inducers, such as radicicol, 17‐AAG and 17‐DMAG following frostbite injury. Our results show that rat hindlimb muscles injected with these hsp inducers following frostbite injury exhibit less damage, less hypercontracted muscle fibers and less inflammatory cell infiltration as compared to control rat hindlimb muscles. We also find that these heat shock protein inducing compounds are able to conserve muscle function even when administered after frostbite injury has occurred. These results suggest that hsp inducing compounds are able to protect skeletal muscle if administered in the early stages following frostbite injury.ConclusionWe conclude that compounds that induce heat shock proteins are able to preserve skeletal muscle function and structure if injected shortly after frostbite injury. Our studies provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat injury caused by frostbite involving severe muscle damage.This research was supported by an award from the USAMRMC.