bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modellbildung und Simulation der mehrstufigen Filterkuchenwäsche im Gegenstrom
Authors: Sprott Thomas , Brückner Andreas , Hoffner Bernhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDie Filterkuchenwäsche ist ein weitverbreiteter Prozess in vielen Industriezweigen. Jedoch ist der Prozess sehr komplex und nur schwer mathematisch zu beschreiben. Vor allem die mehrstufige Filterkuchenwäsche im Gegenstrom weist noch erhebliche Verständnisdefizite auf. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Modell vorgestellt, mit welchem die Filterkuchenwäsche für nicht poröse Partikel für die bekannten Phänomene Verdrängung, Dispersion und Diffusion beschrieben werden kann. Mit Beispielsimulationen wird die Anwendbarkeit des Modells veranschaulicht.
Selective catalytic reduction: Adding an ammonia slip catalyst mitigates dosing errors
Authors: Bendrich Michelle , Opitz Bastian , Scheuer Alexander , Hayes Robert E. , Votsmeier Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper uses computational simulation to compare the performance of two catalytic systems designed for the removal of oxides of nitrogen from automotive engine exhaust using selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The first system is comprised of an SCR catalyst alone, whilst the second system adds an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) to the end of an SCR catalyst. Both systems had the same total length. Comparisons of the NOx removal efficiency and the degree of ammonia slip are made using driving cycles and an optimized ammonia dosing strategy. Comparisons are also made for the case where a constant error in the ammonia dosing occurs. The addition of the ASC reduces ammonia slip during over‐dosing scenarios and gives a greater NOx conversion during under‐dosing cases. This work concludes that the ASC is a positive addition to the SCR in meeting the exhaust emission regulations. Although it does not necessarily allow for a higher NOx conversion, its ability to cope with under‐ and over‐dosing situations can be beneficial in catalyst aging and unpredictable driving conditions.
Hypersensitivity in the lungs is responsible for acute respiratory failure in COVID‐19 patients: Case series of patients who received high‐dose/short‐term methylprednisolone
Authors: Chen Meizhu , Tu Changli , Tan Cuiyan , Zheng Xiaobin , Sun Fengfei , Liang Yingjian , Shi Honglei , Wu Jian , Huang Yiying , Wang Zhenguo , Wang Kongqiu , Lin Minmin , Wu Weiming , Zhou Hong , Liu Jing , Huang Jin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Patients with severe disease have a high fatality rate and face a huge medical burden due to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Hypoxic respiratory failure is the major cause of death in these patients. There are currently no specific anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drugs, and the effect of corticosteroids is still controversial.MethodsThe clinical data of 102 COVID‐19 patients, including 27 patients with severe disease, were analyzed. The serum levels of total IgE and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgE were compared in healthy controls and COVID‐19 patients, changes in the level of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgE and clinical response to methylprednisolone (MP) treatment were analyzed, and the effect of high‐dose/short‐term MP therapy for patients with critical illness and respiratory failure was determined.ResultsCOVID‐19 patients had elevated serum levels of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgE, and patients with severe disease, especially critical illness, had even higher levels. Application of short‐term/high‐dose MP significantly reduced the level of these IgE antibodies and also blocked the progression of hypoxic respiratory failure. Hypoxic respiratory failure in patients with COVID‐19 is related to pulmonary hypersensitivity.ConclusionsHypersensitivity in the lungs is responsible for acute respiratory failure in COVID‐19 patients. Application of high‐dose/short‐term MP appears to be an effective life‐saving method for COVID‐19 patients who have hypoxic respiratory failure.
First‐Principles Investigation of the Effect of Vanadium Doping on Hydrogen Incorporation in Tungsten
Authors: Cui Zilin , Zhang Xin , Xu Yuhong , Lei Guangjiu , Li Heng , Zhu Yiqin , Hu Jun , Geng Shaofei , Liu Qijun , Ni Yuxiang , Liu Haifeng , Wang Xianqu , Huang Jie , Liu Hai , Cheng Jun , Tang Changjian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing the first‐principles method based on the density functional theory, hydrogen diffusion, electron structure, and mechanical properties of hydrogen impurity in W15V structure are investigated in this paper. It is found that in W‐V lattice the single H atom tends to be located in the tetrahedral interstitial site nearest to V atom with the solution energy of 0.614 eV. The calculation of energy barriers shows that the V doping can be helpful to trap H atoms near the V atom. The analysis of the elastic moduli shows that the V‐alloying can decrease the strength and improve the ductility of pure W. In addition, the H impurity further enhances this situation. Besides, the effect of H impurity on pure W is greater than W15V structure. The results of this study offer a useful database for the research of W‐based alloys for plasma facing materials (PFMs).
Assessing the impact of socially responsible human resources management on company environmental performance and cost of debt
Authors: Gangi Francesco , D'Angelo Eugenio , Daniele Lucia Michela , Varrone Nicola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study answers the call for more in‐depth investigations into the antecedents and effects of corporate environmental responsibility (CER). In particular, we aim to verify whether socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) positively affects the level of CER engagement and whether CER impacts firm financial performance. Based on a sample of 317 food companies, over the study period 2010–2017, we found that SRHRM improves CER engagement, both as a whole and with reference to its sub‐pillars. Furthermore, findings from the current study reveal that CER reduces the cost of debt and negatively moderates the positive effect of SRHRM on financial costs. The paper provides original implications concerning the complementarity between social and environmental activities and the benefits for firms to communicate their environmental performance to debt holders.
Meldonium residues in milk: A possible scenario for inadvertent doping in sports?
Authors: Guddat Sven , Görgens Christian , Sobolevsky Tim , Thevis Mario 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLately, the veterinary drug Emidonol® has been discussed as a possible scenario for inadvertent doping in sports. Emidonol® is approved for use in livestock breeding, exhibiting antihypoxic and weak sedative effects. The veterinary drug rapidly dissociates into meldonium, a substance prohibited in sports, and is excreted largely in its unchanged form into urine. To investigate if residues of meldonium in edible produce may result in adverse analytical findings in sports drug testing, a pilot study was conducted with three volunteers consuming a single dose of 100 ml meldonium‐spiked milk at a concentration of 500 ng/ml (Study 1), and multiple doses of 100 ml of meldonium‐spiked milk (500 ng/ml) on five consecutive days (Study 2). In the single dose study, urinary meldonium concentrations peaked between 2 and 6 h post‐administration with maximum values of 7.5 ng/ml, whereas maximum meldonium concentrations of 18.6 ng/ml were determined after multiple doses 4 h post‐administration. All samples were analyzed using an established and validated protocol based on HILIC‐HRMS/MS.
Stability study of the antiviral agent camphecene in dried blood spots at different temperatures
Authors: Okhina Alina A. , Rogachev Artem D. , Yarovaya Olga I. , Pokrovsky Andrey G. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, an optimized procedure of sample preparation for quantitative determination of the antiviral agent camphecene in dried rat blood spots was developed. It has been shown that when using methanol containing 0.1% HCOOH as an extractant, the recovery of the substance increases in comparison with the previously developed method. In addition to this, there is no need to dilute the obtained solutions with water for the analysis of the sample by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a column with a reversed‐phase sorbent. By using the developed method, the stability of samples of dried rat blood spots containing camphecene in different concentrations at different temperatures was studied. It was found that while the samples were stored at room temperature, apparently, desorption of the substance occurs leading to a loss of more than 15% of its initial amount after 5–10 days. Lowering the temperature increases the stability of samples and their storage at −70°C is possible for 4 weeks.
Optimizing noninvasive sampling of a zoonotic bat virus
Authors: Giles John R. , Peel Alison J. , Wells Konstans , Plowright Raina K. , McCallum Hamish , Restif Olivier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOutbreaks of infectious viruses resulting from spillover events from bats have brought much attention to bat‐borne zoonoses, which has motivated increased ecological and epidemiological studies on bat populations. Field sampling methods often collect pooled samples of bat excreta from plastic sheets placed under‐roosts. However, positive bias is introduced because multiple individuals may contribute to pooled samples, making studies of viral dynamics difficult. Here, we explore the general issue of bias in spatial sample pooling using Hendra virus in Australian bats as a case study. We assessed the accuracy of different under‐roost sampling designs using generalized additive models and field data from individually captured bats and pooled urine samples. We then used theoretical simulation models of bat density and under‐roost sampling to understand the mechanistic drivers of bias. The most commonly used sampling design estimated viral prevalence 3.2 times higher than individual‐level data, with positive bias 5–7 times higher than other designs due to spatial autocorrelation among sampling sheets and clustering of bats in roosts. Simulation results indicate using a stratified random design to collect 30–40 pooled urine samples from 80 to 100 sheets, each with an area of 0.75–1 m2, and would allow estimation of true prevalence with minimum sampling bias and false negatives. These results show that widely used under‐roost sampling techniques are highly sensitive to viral presence, but lack specificity, providing limited information regarding viral dynamics. Improved estimation of true prevalence can be attained with minor changes to existing designs such as reducing sheet size, increasing sheet number, and spreading sheets out within the roost area. Our findings provide insight into how spatial sample pooling is vulnerable to bias for a wide range of systems in disease ecology, where optimal sampling design is influenced by pathogen prevalence, host population density, and patterns of aggregation.
Does urbanization ameliorate the effect of endoparasite infection in kangaroo rats?
Authors: Hurtado Gizelle , Mayer Ghislaine , Mabry Karen E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUrban development can fragment and degrade remnant habitat. Such habitat alterations can have profound impacts on wildlife, including effects on population density, parasite infection status, parasite prevalence, and body condition. We investigated the influence of urbanization on populations of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) and their parasites. We predicted that urban development would lead to reduced abundance, increased parasite prevalence in urban populations, increased probability of parasite infection for individual animals, and decreased body condition of kangaroo rats in urban versus wildland areas. We live trapped kangaroo rats at 5 urban and 5 wildland sites in and around Las Cruces, NM, USA from 2013 to 2015, collected fecal samples from 209 kangaroo rats, and detected endoparasites using fecal flotation and molecular barcoding. Seven parasite species were detected, although only two parasitic worms, Mastophorus dipodomis and Pterygodermatites dipodomis, occurred frequently enough to allow for statistical analysis. We found no effects of urbanization on population density or probability of parasite infection. However, wildland animals infected with P. dipodomis had lower body condition scores than infected animals in urban areas or uninfected animals in either habitat. Our results suggest that urban environments may buffer Merriam's kangaroo rats from the detrimental impacts to body condition that P. dipodomis infections can cause.
Iron Promoted Ring Opening and Ring Closing Cascade (ROCC) Reaction of Ortho‐Carboxy‐Isoxazoles Leading to Isoindolinone Derivatives
Authors: Gudipati Ramakrishna , Jayaram Vankudoth , Raghavulu Karri , Bhoot Dinesh , Basavaiah Keloth , Yennam Satyanarayana , Behera Manoranjan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn efficient and convenient route for the synthesis of various functionalized 3‐alkylidene isoindolin‐1‐ones is presented. The synthesis involves the ring opening and ring closing cascade (ROCC) reaction of ortho‐carboxy‐isoxazole using Fe/NH4Cl. This is the first report for the synthesis of 3‐alkylidene isoindolin‐1‐one using Fe/NH4Cl.
Synthesis and Properties of Oligonucleotides Containing 2′‐O,4′‐C‐Ethylene‐Bridged 5‐Methyluridine with Exocyclic Methylene and Methyl Groups in the Bridge
Authors: Ito Yuta , Nishida Kodai , Tsutsui Norika , Fuchi Yasufumi , Hari Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNovel 2′‐O,4′‐C‐ethylene‐bridged nucleic acid (ENA) analogs with exocyclic methylene and (R)‐methyl groups at the 6′‐position were synthesized. The obtained 6′‐methylene‐ENA and 6′R‐Me‐ENA were incorporated into oligonucleotides, and their properties were compared with those of the corresponding natural, ENA‐, and 6′S‐Me‐ENA‐modified oligonucleotides. The duplex‐stabilizing ability of 6′‐methylene‐ENA and 6′R‐Me‐ENA with single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA) was similar to that of ENA and 6′S‐Me‐ENA under both dilute and molecular crowding conditions. On the other hand, oligonucleotides containing 6′‐methylene‐ENA and 6′R‐Me‐ENA formed stable triplexes with double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in comparison with those containing 6′S‐Me‐ENA. Their thermodynamic properties were also calculated to explore the influence of the substituents introduced at the 6′‐position of ENA. Moreover, oligonucleotides with ENA analogs exhibited excellent resistance against nucleases. These results suggest that 6′‐methylene‐ENA and 6′R‐Me‐ENA are promising candidates for targeting ssRNA and dsDNA.
Optimization of bioprocesses with Brewers’ spent grain and Cellulomonas uda
Authors: Akermann Alexander , Weiermüller Jens , Chodorski Jonas Nicolai , Nestriepke Malte Jakob , Baclig Maria Teresa , Ulber Roland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrewers’ spent grain (BSG) is a low‐value by‐product of the brewing process, which is produced in large quantities every year. In this study, the lignocellulosic feedstock (solid BSG) was used to optimize fermentations with Cellulomonas uda. Under aerobic conditions, maximum cellulase activities of 0.98 nkat∙mL−1, maximum xylanase activities of 5.00 nkat∙mL−1 and cell yields of 0.22 gCells∙gBSG−1 were achieved. Under anaerobic conditions, enzyme activities and cell yields were lower, but valuable liquid products (organic acids, ethanol) were produced with a yield of 0.41 gProd∙gBSG−1. The growth phase of the organisms was monitored by measuring extracellular concentrations of two fluorophores pyridoxin (aerobic) and tryptophan (anaerobic) and by cell count. By combining reductive with anaerobic conditions, the ratio of ethanol to acetate was increased from 1.08 to 1.59 molEtOH∙molAc−1. This ratio was further improved to 9.2 molEtOH∙molAc−1 by lowering the pH from 7.4 to 5.0 without decreasing the final ethanol concentration. A fermentation in a bioreactor with 15 w% BSG instead of 5 w% BSG quadrupled the acetate concentration, whilst ethanol was removed by gas stripping. This study provides various ideas for optimizing and monitoring fermentations with solid substrates, which can support feasibility and incorporation into holistic biorefining approaches in the future.
A dynamic riparian forest structure model for predicting large wood inputs to meandering rivers
Authors: Stella John C. , Kui Li , Golet Gregory H. , Poulsen Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFluvial processes strongly influence riparian forests through rapid and predictable shifts in dominant species, tree density and size that occur in the decades following large floods. Modelling riparian forest characteristics based on the age and evolution of floodplains is useful in predicting ecosystem functions that depend on the size and density of trees, including large wood delivered to river channels, forest biomass and habitat quality. We developed a dynamic model of riparian forest structure that predicts changes in tree size and density using floodplain age derived from air photos and historical maps. Using field data and a riparian forest chronosequence for the 160‐km middle reach of the Sacramento River (California, USA), we fit Weibull diameter distributions with time‐varying parameters to the empirical data. Species were stratified into early and late successional groups, each with time‐varying functions of tree density and diameter distributions. From these, we modelled how the number and size of trees in a stand changed throughout forest succession, and evaluated the goodness‐of‐fit of model predictions.Model outputs for the early successional group, composed primarily of cottonwoods and willows, accounted for most of the stand basal area and large trees >10 cm DBH for the first 50 years. Post‐pioneer species with slower growth had initially low densities that increased slowly from the time of floodplain creation. Within the first 100 years, early successional trees contributed the most large wood that could influence fluvial processes, carbon storage, and instream habitat. We applied the model to evaluate the potential large wood inputs to the middle Sacramento River under a range of historical bank migration rates. Going forward, this modelling approach can be used to predict how riparian forest structure and other ecosystem benefits such as carbon sequestration and habitat quality respond to different river management and restoration actions.
Tectonic framework of the high‐pressure metamorphic rocks of the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex, North‐east India, and its geodynamic significance: A review
Authors: Bhowmik Santanu Kumar , Ao Aliba , Rajkakati Mayashri 
Published: August 2021

In this study, we made a review of the published metamorphic and geochronological data of an array of high‐pressure metamorphic rocks from the Nagaland Ophiolite Complex, North‐east India, and present them in the tectonic framework of two temporally separate subduction systems within the eastern arm of the Neo‐Tethys. The metamorphic rocks are studied in terms of three structural units. The structurally lowermost Mokie–Satuza–Thewati (MST) unit shows a metamorphic zonation from greenschist through pumpellyite–diopside (TMax ~ 335°C at ~6 kbar) to lawsonite blueschist (TMax ~ 340°C at ~11.5 kbar) to epidote eclogite (TMax ~ 550–660°C at ~24 kbar in Mokie to TMax ~ 630°C at ~26–28 kbar in Thewati localities) facies structurally upward. Both the blueschists and eclogites record a clockwise (CW) P–T path of evolution. We relate the low apparent thermal gradient at the metamorphic peak (7–9°C/km), the steep dP/dT slope of the metamorphic field gradient, the general CW metamorphic P–T paths, and the published U–Pb zircon dates in the eclogites (between ca. 205 and ca. 172 Ma) and radiolarian biostratigraphy data in the MST metamorphic sequence with the development of a Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic‐aged cold mature stage of an intra‐oceanic subduction system within the Neo‐Tethys. This is considered to be one of the oldest in the Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture Zone. The metamorphosed uppermost part of the structurally intermediate unit, named the Moya–Salumi (MS) sequence, consists of a structurally upper hornblende‐eclogite (Hbl‐EC) to epidote amphibolite facies subunit and a lower epidote blueschist (EBS) facies subunit. The eclogite subunit is polyphase metamorphosed (Hbl‐EC facies M1 with TMax ~ 625°C at ~13.8 kbar and garnetiferous EBS facies M2 with TMax ~ 540°C at ~14.4 kbar) with both the events recording counterclockwise P–T paths. The monocyclic EBS facies subunit, on the other hand, has a memory of the M2 cycle of metamorphism only. We relate this combined M1–M2 cycles of metamorphism in the MS sequence to a second oceanic subduction beneath the continental Naga Metamorphics, the latter constituting the structurally uppermost unit. The metamorphic pulses together reflect progressive cooling of the second subduction channel from an initially warm stage during subduction infancy to a later cold mature stage of subduction. The different metamorphic rocks in the MST and MS units reveal architectures of two temporally separate accretionary complexes. Their present occurrence as a tectonic collage is likely to be the product of the Eocene collision of the Indian and the Myanmar plates.
Adjunct Fenofibrate Up‐regulates Bile Acid Glucuronidation and Improves Treatment Response For Patients With Cholestasis
Authors: Gallucci Gina M. , Trottier Jocelyn , Hemme Christopher , Assis David N. , Boyer James L. , Barbier Olivier , Ghonem Nisanne S. 
Published: August 2021

Accumulation of cytotoxic bile acids (BAs) during cholestasis can result in liver failure. Glucuronidation, a phase II metabolism pathway responsible for BA detoxification, is regulated by peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha (PPARα). This study investigates the efficacy of adjunct fenofibrate therapy to up‐regulate BA‐glucuronidation and reduce serum BA toxicity during cholestasis. Adult patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n = 32) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC, n = 23), who experienced an incomplete response while receiving ursodiol monotherapy (13‐15 mg/kg/day), defined as serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≥ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal, received additional fenofibrate (145‐160 mg/day) as standard of care. Serum BA and BA‐glucuronide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Combination therapy with fenofibrate significantly decreased elevated serum ALP (−76%, P < 0.001), aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, total serum BAs (−54%), and increased serum BA‐glucuronides (+2.1‐fold, P < 0.01) versus ursodiol monotherapy. The major serum BA‐glucuronides that were favorably altered following adjunct fenofibrate include hyodeoxycholic acid–6G (+3.7‐fold, P < 0.01), hyocholic acid–6G (+2.6‐fold, P < 0.05), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)–3G (−36%), and lithocholic acid (LCA)–3G (−42%) versus ursodiol monotherapy. Fenofibrate also up‐regulated the expression of uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferases and multidrug resistance–associated protein 3 messenger RNA in primary human hepatocytes. Pearson’s correlation coefficients identified strong associations between serum ALP and metabolic ratios of CDCA‐3G (r2 = 0.62, P < 0.0001), deoxycholic acid (DCA)‐3G (r2 = 0.48, P < 0.0001), and LCA‐3G (r2 = 0.40, P < 0.001), in ursodiol monotherapy versus control. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified serum BA‐glucuronides as measures of response to therapy. Conclusion: Fenofibrate favorably alters major serum BA‐glucuronides, which correlate with reduced serum ALP levels and improved outcomes. A PPARα‐mediated anti‐cholestatic mechanism is involved in detoxifying serum BAs in patients with PBC and PSC who have an incomplete response on ursodiol monotherapy and receive adjunct fenofibrate. Serum BA‐glucuronides may serve as a noninvasive measure of treatment response in PBC and PSC.