bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of THC and CBD in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Roth Robert M. , Stanciu Corneliu N. , Brunette Mary F. 
Published: July 2021

Background: People with schizophrenia are more likely to develop cannabis use disorder (CUD) and experience worse outcomes with use. Yet as cannabis is legalized for medical and recreational use, there is interest in its therapeutic potential.Objectives: To conduct a systematic review summarizing the design and results of controlled trials using defined doses of THC and CBD in schizophrenia.Method: A keyword search of eight online literature databases identified 11 eligible reports.Results: One placebo controlled trial (13 stable patients without CUD) found that intravenous THC increased psychosis and worsened learning/recall. Two reports of a functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study of smoked or oral THC in 12 abstinent patients with schizophrenia and CUD found no change in symptoms and cognition, and an amelioration of impaired resting state brain function in areas implicated in reward function and the default mode network. One 4 week trial in acutely psychotic inpatients without CUD (mean age 30 y) found 800 mg CBD to be similarly efficacious to amisupride in improving psychosis and cognition. Two 6 week studies of CBD augmentation of antipsychotics in stable outpatients reported mixed results: CBD 600 mg was not more effective than placebo; CBD 1,000 mg reduced symptoms in a sample that did not exclude cannabis use and CUD. A brain fMRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of single dose CBD in a sample that did not exclude CUD and cannabis use found that CBD improved symptoms and brain function during a learning/recall task and was associated with increased hippocampal glutamate.Discussion: There is substantial heterogeneity across studies in dose, method of drug delivery, length of treatment, patient age, whether patients with cannabis use/CUD were included or excluded, and whether patients were using antipsychotic medication.Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence for an effect of THC or CBD on symptoms, cognition, and neuroimaging measures of brain function in schizophrenia. At this time, research does not support recommending medical cannabis (THC or CBD) for treating patients with schizophrenia. Further research should examine THC and CBD in schizophrenia with and without comorbid CUD and consider the role of CBD in mitigating symptom exacerbation from THC.
Future Challenges of Nursing in Health System of Iran
Authors: Barasteh Salman , Rassouli Maryam , Karimirad Mohammad Reza , Ebadi Abbas 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Nursing development is considered as one of the most important ways to achieve the universal health coverage and sustainable development goals in different countries. Nursing in Iran has the potential to provide services at all levels of universal health coverage. Therefore, planning for nursing in Iran needs to recognize the future challenges. This study aims to explore the future challenges of nursing in the health system of Iran from the perspective of nursing experts.Methods: In this qualitative study, 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted with nursing experts by purposive sampling in 2017–2018. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and framework analysis method was used to analysis the data.Results: The results showed that a favorable future requires planning in three areas of nursing “governance challenges” including centralized nursing stewardship, policy-making and legislation, monitoring and evaluation, and cooperation and communication with other institutions, “inadequacy of professional development with social demands” including community-based nursing, nursing upgrades with disease patterns, expanding home care, expanding care centers, and use of technology, “human resource challenges “including nursing education tailored to the needs of the community, empowering nursing managers, recruiting and retaining nurses, and specialized nursing.Conclusions: A favorable future requires a coherent nursing government, professional development of nursing based on social demands, and enhancing human resources in line with the emerging needs of the future.
Bacteriophage Therapy to Reduce Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Chickens before Slaughter
Authors: D’Angelantonio Daniela , Scattolini Silvia , Boni Arianna , Neri Diana , Di Serafino Gabriella , Connerton Philippa , Connerton Ian , Pomilio Francesco , Di Giannatale Elisabetta , Migliorati Giacomo , Aprea Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in humans. Campybacter jejuni is the main cause of the infection, and bacterial colonization in broiler chickens is widespread and difficult to prevent, leading to high risk of occurrence in broiler meat. Phage therapy represents an alternative strategy to control Campylobacter in poultry. The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of two field-isolated bacteriophages against experimental infections with an anti-microbial resistant (AMR) Campylobacter jejuni strain. A two-step phage application was tested according to a specific combination between chickens’ rearing time and specific multiplicities of infections (MOIs), in order to reduce the Campylobacter load in the animals at slaughtering and to limit the development of phage-resistant mutants. In particular, 75 broilers were divided into three groups (A, B and C), and phages were administered to animals of groups B and C at day 38 (Φ 16-izsam) and 39 (Φ 7-izsam) at MOI 0.1 (group B) and 1 (group C). All broilers were euthanized at day 40, and Campylobacter jejuni was enumerated in cecal contents. Reductions in Campylobacter counts were statistically significant in both group B (1 log10 colony forming units (cfu)/gram (gr)) and group C (2 log10 cfu/gr), compared to the control group. Our findings provide evidence about the ability of phage therapy to reduce the Campylobacter load in poultry before slaughtering, also associated with anti-microbial resistance pattern.
AMTSAL OF THE QUR'AN IN DAKWAH: ACTUALIZATION OF QUALITY HUMANS BASED ON SURAH IBRAHIM: 24-25
Authors: Kuswati Kuswati 
Published: July 2021

One of the language styles conveyed by Allah through the Qur'an is in the form of parables (amtsal al-Qur'an). This form becomes interesting as it presents something abstract into a real form, by analogizing objects or situations that have similarities. No doubt that the language style with this example gives a beautiful impression and makes an impression. With the inseparability of three things; dakwah, communication, and language, the delivery of information packaged in the form of an example becomes something important and has many benefits for mad'u. Allah exemplifies quality humans in Surah Ibrahim/14: 24-25 with a good tree where the tree is one of Allah's creations that is close to humans. Quality humans are good quality humans, who are described as trees with strong roots, branches soaring to the sky and can be harvested at any time. The actualization of this example illustrates the condition of quality human beings who have a solid creed, because this creed is the basis for implementing God's rules. Always do good and benefit others wherever and whenever we are.
Salah satu gaya bahasa yang di sampaikan Allah melalui al-Qur’an adalah dengan bentuk perumpamaan (amtsal al-Qur’an). Bentuk ini menjadi menarik karena menghadirkan sesuatu yang abstrak menjadi bentuk nyata, dengan cara menganalogikan benda atau keadaan yang memiliki keserupaan. Dan tidak dipungkiri gaya bahasa dengan permisalan ini memberi kesan yang indah dan membekas. Dengan tidak bisa dipisahkannya tiga hal yakni: dakwah, komunikasi dan bahasa, maka penyampaian informasi yang dikemas dalam bentuk permisalan menjadi sesuatu yang penting dan memiliki banyak manfaat bagi mad’u. Allah mempermisalkan manusia berkualitas dalam surah Ibrahim/14: 24-25 dengan sebuah pohon yang berkualitas baik di mana pohon adalah salah satu ciptaan Allah yang dekat dengan manusia. Manusia berkualitas adalah manusia yang bermutu baik, yang digambarkan sebagai pohon yang kuat akarnya, cabangnya menjulang ke langit dan dapat dipanen setiap saat. Aktualisasi permisalan ini menggambarkan kondisi manusia berkualitas adalah yang memiliki akidah yang kokoh, karena akidah inilah yang menjadi dasar melaksanakan aturan-aturan Allah. selalu berbuat kebajikan dan bermanfaat bagi orang lain di manapun dan kapanpun berada.
The assessment of dispersal potential of the wax cicada Say. (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae) in the agricultural landscape of the Krasnodar Territory vineyards
Authors: Кононенко С.В. , Юрченко Е.Г. 
Published: July 2021

Цель исследований заключалась в уточнении перечня кормовых растений восковой (белой, цитрусовой) цикадки ( Metcalfa pruinosa Say.) в агроландшафте виноградников и анализе состояния популяции путем определения гендерной структуры в основных зонах виноградарства Краснодарского края. Исследования проводили в 2015-2020 гг. на промышленных насаждениях винограда, в лесополосах и на другой растительности в агроландшафте виноградников согласно общепринятым методикам. Уточнена гостальная пищевая специализация вредителя, к наиболее заселяемым растениям отнесены Gleditsia triacanthos L., Crataegus laevigata Poir., Rosa majalis Herrm., Prunus spinosa L., Rubus fruticosus L., Prunus armeniaca L., Prunus domestica L., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., Abutilon theophrasti Medik.; установлено отсутствие сортовых предпочтений M. pruinosa при развитии на растениях винограда. Результаты изучения гендерной структуры популяций M. pruinosa показали преобладание самок над самцами в Анапо-Таманской, Черноморской и Южно-предгорной зонах виноградарства Краснодарского края, что позволяет сделать предположение о том, что потенциал расселения восковой цикадки еще не исчерпан, вид продолжает осваивать данную территорию.
The aim of the research was to adjust the list of forage plants of the wax (white, citrus) cicada ( Metcalfa pruinosa Say.) in the agricultural landscape of vineyards and to analyze the population conditions by determining the gender structure in the main viticultural zones of the Krasnodar Territory. The research was carried out in 2015-2020 in industrial grape plantings, forest belts and other vegetation in the agricultural landscape of vineyards according to generally accepted methods. The official nutrition specialization of the pest was adjusted, the most populated plants were Gleditsia triacanthos L., Crataegus laevigata Poir., Rosa majalis Herrm., Prunus spinosa L., Rubus fruticosus L., Prunus armeniaca L., Prunus domestica L., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., Abutilon theophrasti Medik.; the absence of varietal preferences of M. pruinosa when developing on grape plants was established. Results of the study of the gender structure of M. pruinosa populations showed the predominance of females over males in the Anapa-Taman, Black Sea and South-Piedmont zones of viticulture in the Krasnodar Territory, suggesting the potential for dispersal of the wax cicada has not yet been exhausted, the species continues to develop this territory.
Pre-project evaluation of the efficiency of water and sludge treatment facilities
Authors: Пупырев Е.И. , Ширяевский В.Л. , Герасимов В.А. 
Published: July 2021

Проектирование сооружений очистки воды имеет многовековую историю. В настоящее время в мировом проектном сообществе сложились практически единые технологические схемы очистки природной воды до уровня питьевой и очистки хозяйственно-бытовых сточных вод. В области очистки воды в профессиональном сообществе идет интенсивный обмен идеями, технологиями, промышленными продуктами. В последнее время активно развиваются математические методы расчета блоков сооружений, используются методы цифрового (компьютерного) проектирования. Для сложных проектов в первую очередь выполняются предпроектные работы. Методы проектирования сооружений очистки воды остаются по сути своей эвристическими, и для одной и той же постановки задач может быть предложен ряд конструктивных решений. Цифровая среда проектирования позволяет решать новые задачи, прежде всего проектировать очистные сооружения, оптимальные не только по показателям качества воды и другим техническим параметрам, но одновременно, если это возможно, и по экономической эффективности. Предлагается метод разработки предпроекта с использованием многовариантных математических процедур, которые позволяют приблизиться к оптимальному сочетанию технических и финансовых показателей будущего сооружения очистки воды.
Designing water treatment facilities has a centuries-old history. At present, the world project community has developed practically unified process flow schemes for natural water treatment to the drinking water quality and domestic wastewater treatment. The professional community practices an intensive exchange of ideas, technologies, and industrial products in the field of water purification. Recently, mathematical methods for calculating module structures have been actively developing, methods of digital (computer) design are used. For complex projects, first of all, pre-project work is carried out. Methods for designing water treatment facilities remain inherently heuristic, and a number of design solutions can be proposed for the same problem statement. The digital design environment provides for tackling new problems, first of all, for designing treatment facilities that are optimal not only in terms of the water quality and other technical parameters, but at the same time, if possible, in terms of the economic efficiency. A method is proposed for the development of a pre-design using multivariate mathematical procedures that allow approaching the optimal combination of technical and financial indicators of the future water treatment facility.
Development of E-Commerce in the Field of Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Khmara D. S. , Samotuga V. N. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to produce a set of tools for modeling the development of internet companies.Tasks. The authors show the competitive advantages of small and medium enterprises; identify the main features of the modern business environment; determine the structure of modern e-business; identify Internet factors affecting a company that implements Internet technologies in its commercial activities; identify the main factors that make the Internet market attractive for small and medium enterprises and determine their readiness to implement e-business; provide an overview of government support for small and medium enterprises in the context of a pandemic.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to analyze the problems of e-business development among small and medium enterprises in Russia.Results. The development of e-business has produced new functions and business processes, adding fundamentally new qualities to the companies’ commercial activities. The ultimate goal of modeling e-business development is to create a set of tools for the formation of an efficient development program for Internet companies that involves building adaptive economic and mathematical models for managing the development of an Internet company as a complex system.Conclusions. The formation and rapid expansion of the national market of computer technologies and software, the growing number of Internet users, and the creation of electronic payment systems in Russia facilitate the introduction and spread of e-commerce among small and medium enterprises. At the same time, doing business online involves solving many problems under conditions of risk, uncertainty, and certain restrictions.
IKON, INDEKS DAN SIMBOL PADA NOVEL <em>TUHAN, IZINKAN AKU MENJADI PELACUR! MEMOAR LUKA SEORANG MUSLIMAH</em> KARYA M. MUHIDIN DAHLAN
Authors: Mukaromah Siti , Mulyono Tri , Sari Vita Ika 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian sastra yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui wujud data, fungsi da makna pada novel Tuhan, Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur! Memoar Luka Seorang Muslimah karya M. Muhidin Dahlan. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode deksriptif analisis dengan taknik simak catat. Penelitian yang mengkaji aspek semiotika yang mengacu pada teori C.S. Peirce ini meliputi ikon, indeks, dan simbol. Ikon diartikan sebagai tanda yang memiliki kesamaan atau serupa dengan objek. Indeks merupakan hubungan sebab akibat antara penanda dan petanda, sedang simbol adalah hubungan konvensional terciptanya tanda sudah ada kesepakatan antar kelompok, atau wilayah tertentu, dapat berupa isyarat maupun kata-kata. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang sudah dilakukan novel ini memiliki aspek yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian.Kata kunci: Semiotika, C.S. Peirce, Novel. ABSTRACTThis research is a literary research conducted to find out the feasibility of novel, Tuhan, Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur! Memoar Luka Seorang Muslimah by M. Muhidin Dahlan. This qualitative research uses descriptive analysis method with note taking technique. Research that examines aspects of semiotics that refer to Carles Sanders Peirce's theory includes icons, indices, and symbols. Icon is interpreted as a sign that has the same or similar to the object. An index is a causal relationship between a marker and a sign, while a symbol is a conventional relationship the sign is made that there is an agreement between groups, or certain regions, which can be in the form of signs or words. Base on ther results of the analysis that has been done that this novel has aspects that are needed in research, but cannot be used as learning material in high school.Keywords: Semiotics, C.S. Peirce, Novel.
PEREMPUAN TERBUNGKAM DALAM <em>R.A. MOERHIA: PERINGETAN MEDAN 1929—1933</em/ KARYA NJOO CHEONG SENG: SEBUAH KAJIAN <em>SUBALTERN</em> SPIVAK
Authors: Dewojati Cahyaningrum - 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKPada masa Hindia Belanda, perempuan bumiputra mendapatkan banyak penindasan sehingga mendorong mereka menjadi pihak subaltern. Subaltern merujuk kepada pihak yang berposisi inferior dan tunduk kepada pihak dari kelas berkuasa. Pihak subaltern tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk bersuara. Permasalahan tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam novel R.A. Moerhia: Peringetan Medan 1929—1933 karya Njoo Cheong Seng. Penelitian ini membahas subalternitas perempuan bumiputra pada masa Hindia Belanda dan berbagai bentuk penindasan yang dialami dalam novel R.A. Moerhia: Peringetan Medan 1929—1933 karya Njoo Cheong Seng melalui teori subaltern Spivak dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat penindasan terhadap perempuan bumiputra sebagai pihak subaltern. Bentuk penindasan tersebut seperti ketidaksetaraan posisi yang menempatkan perempuan bumiputra sebagai nyai serta pelekatan stereotip buruk yang bersifat selayaknya barang, materialistis, dan digambarkan suka menggunakan hal irasional, misalnya sihir.Kata kunci: perempuan, bumiputra, subaltern, R.A. Moerhia ABSTRACTDuring the Dutch East Indies period, Indigenous women had an immense amount of oppression that classified them as the subalterns. Subaltern refers to people that is inferior and submits to people from the dominant class. The subalterns do not have the right to voice their opinions. This issue can be found in the novel, R.A Moerhia: Peringetan Medan 1929-1933 (R.A. Moerhia: Memories of Medan 1929-1933) by Njoo Cheong Seng. This research discusses the subalternity of Indigenous women in the Dutch East Indies as well as the different forms of oppression they endured, which are depicted in the novel, through Spivak’s subaltern theory utilising the analytical descriptive method. The results indicate that there is oppression towards Indigenous women as the subalterns. The form of oppression include inequality of positions that place Indigenous women as nyais and being stereotyped abysmally as being materialistic as well as portrayed as undertaking in acts that were irrational, e.g. magic. Keywords: women, Indigenous, subaltern, R.A. Moerhia
MITOS JAKA TARUB DAN NIÚLÁNG ZHINÜ: KAJIAN BANDINGAN
Authors: Tazkiyah Destyanisa , Thohir Mudjahirin , Herliana Monika 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan mitos Jaka Tarub yang berasal dari Indonesia dan mitos Niúlángzhinü yang berasal dari Tiongkok. Terdapat tigamasalah utama yang akan dibahas, yaitu (1) skema aktan dan fungsional mitos Jaka Tarub dan Niúláng Zhinü, (2) perbandingan struktur cerita kedua mitos, dan (3) makna mitos terhadap tradisi budaya masyarakat setempat. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan objektif, dengan menggunakan teori struktural A.J. Greimas untuk menganalisis struktur cerita kedua mitos yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat persamaan pada tema cerita, ide awal permunculan konflik, dan persamaan aktansial pada subjek tokoh utama laki-laki dan objek tokoh utama perempuan, sedangkan perbedaan terdapat pada fungsi aktan sender (pengirim), helper (penolong), opposant (penentang), dan akhir cerita. Tradisi budaya yang ada pada masyarakat menjadi ciri khas dan warisan budaya yang terbentuk akibat pengaruh dari makna mitos yang diceritakan secara turun-temurun.Kata kunci: Jaka Tarub, Niulang Zhinu, Strukturalisme, Greimas, Tradisi Budaya AbstractThis research purpose is to compare Jaka Tarub myth that originating from Indonesia with Niúláng Zhinü myth originating from China. There are 3 main problems that will be discussed, (1) the schematic of the actan and functional myths of Jaka Tarub and Niúláng Zhinü, (2) comparison of the story structure of the two myths, and (3) The meaning of myth to the cultural traditions of the local community. The research used a objective literature approach, and using the structural theory of A.J Gerimas to analyze the structure of both myths. The results found that there are similarities in the theme of the story, the initial idea of conflict appearance, also the similarity on the subject, which is the main male character and the female main character as the object, while the differences are in the function of the sender, helper, opposant and the ending of story. Cultural traditions that exist in society become cultural heritage that was formed as an influence and significance meaning of the myth that was passed down for generations.Keywords: Jaka Tarub, Niulang Zhinu, Structuralism, Greimas, Cultural Traditions