bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Ratio of the Number of Recoil Electrons to the Number of Photoelectrons by Experimentally Measured Ratio of the Intensities of Characteristic Fluorescent Radiation and Uncoherently Scattered X-Ray or Gamma Radiation, Explanation of the Results Obtained
Authors: Kosianov P M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Work presents the results of the theoretical and experimental analysiges of different forms of interaction of the photons of the ionizing emission s by substances, in particular, photo effect and the Compton scattering of these photons. Using the author developed a new method of determining the ratio of the number of Compton electrons to the number of photoelectrons for the first time obtained the experimental results for molybdenum and tungsten. Analysis of the results showed that there are significant discrepancies between previous theoretical calculations and experimental data. The new results of the measured simultaneously relations of sections for the heavy atoms with the aid of the method developed by the author, and the old measurements of these relations for the light atoms with the aid of the Wilson cloud chamber, with their comparison with the theoretical calculations, show that for the X-ray and gamma emissions of the range of energies in question, is observed the significant (by an order and more) unidirectional difference. The possibility of explaining these divergences by fundamentally new view on the states of electron in the atom is shown. The possibility to explain the divergences by the presence of the free state of electron in the atom is shown.
Formation of Requirements of Reliable Operation of Frictional Fixation Rock Bolts
Authors: Zubkov A A , Kutlubaev I M , Leont’eva E V , Turkin I S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Safe work practices of mine workings are provided by fixation of working surface. The ability and technical requirements to frictional fixation rock bolts are determined by ‘Change N°1’ for GOST 31559-2012 along with traditional rock bolts. Analysis of its construction has shown that the main indicator which determines reliable operation is load-bearing capacity and it is determined as minimum value of three values of load capability: a rod of the rock bolt, a limit stop on a rock bolt and a support plate. It is stated that load-bearing capacity of frictional fixation rock bolt must match load capability of the limit stop on a rock bolt. Maintenance of the initial indexes of load capability for the whole period of service is being provided by application of protective coatings on all rock bolt surfaces. Practicability of the coating based on high-density polyethylene compositions 600-800 μm thick has been proved as a result of the performed research. Comparative analysis of resistibility to concentrated alkaline and saline environment has shown retention of tensile strength.
Research on Carbon Emission Measurement of Construction Products Based on BIM
Authors: Ying Huang , Yifei He , Can Wang , Fansheng Kong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With global warming, environmental issues have gradually received attention. Surprisingly, the construction industry contributes most of the greenhouse gases. In order to reduce carbon emissions, the construction industry has proposed many energy-saving and emission-reduction methods from the perspectives of construction technology, reverse logistics supply chain optimization, and design optimization. However, problems in the prediction and measurement of carbon emissions have always been the focus and difficulty of the construction industry. Recently, BIM technology has continuously penetrated into the construction industry, which has influenced many scholars to gradually use BIM technology to reduce carbon emissions. Unlike other scholars, this research uses the Revit API to integrate carbon emission measurement functions into the Revit environment. These not only reduce the dependence on third-party software and tedious operations, but also provide architectural designers with reference information for environment optimization during the design stage.
Application of New Technology in the Development of Tunxi Old Street
Authors: Zhu Shengdong , Gan Zhuoting , Yu Xiangyang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tunxi Old Street is a typical historical and cultural district in China. Taking Tunxi Old Street as the object, this paper studies the application of new technology in the development of historical and cultural blocks. The results show that the development of Tunxi Old Street has experienced the stages of commercial formation, service of foreign businessmen, service of urban residents, protection and utilization, tourism and shopping, among which new technologies such as transportation technology, service function, commercial format and economic system play a key role in the development of Tunxi Old Street.
Concrete Corrosion Mechanism and Durability Design of Municipal Sewerage
Authors: Zhang Wanlai , Zhao Chunyang , Zhang Chunmei , Guo Chunlei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization, urban sewage pipe has become an important infrastructure, which plays a significant role in urban ecological security and social production development. Based on the investigation and analysis of concrete corrosion of sewage pipe in a certain city, the indoor simulated corrosion test is carried out, and the durability design method of sewage pipe concrete is put forward. Research findings show that the main cause of concrete corrosion failure in sewage pipe is sulfate erosion, and the modification of pipe concrete by mineral admixture and polypropylene fiber can effectively improve the durability of pipe concrete in sewage corrosion environment.
VOCs pollution characteristics and potential of ozone generation in Kaifeng City
Authors: Chen Zhen , Liu Yi , Wang Lin , Su Yanxia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the exhausted gas from factories has become an important part of environmental pollution in Kaifeng City. Air samples were collected for 57 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 13 kinds of aldehydes and ketones from the Cancer Hospital of Kaifeng city between May and October 2019. The pollutants were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Combined with the 8-hour automatic monitoring data of air ozone automatic monitoring at this sampling site, a total of 31 observations on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were carried out over between May and October 2019. The results showed that the average concentration of VOCs was in the order of oxygen-containing organic matters > alkanes > olefins > aromatic hydrocarbons > alkynes. Using SPSS26 statistical software, representative key species were selected from VOCs, and correlation analysis was conducted with ozone concentration and meteorological factors. The ozone concentration was significantly correlated with air temperature. Acrolein & propionaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde, had a significant negative correlation with ethylene and ethane. The highest ethylene and ethane concentrations appeared when there was west wind, while toluene showed a significantly high value in the southwest wind. The oxygenated organics had obvious wind direction characteristics and the four kinds of oxygenated organics were rarely affected by the west, northwest and north winds.
Study on temporal and spatial distribution Law of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Nansi Lake
Authors: Li Qin , Sang Guoqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to investigate the Nansi Lake chlorophyll-a concentration spatial distribution, to better cope with the lake eutrophication of lake water and water quality threat, and to ensure the function of the water transport channel and the storage reservoir in the east line project of the south to North Water Transfer in the lake area. By using the correlation analysis and regression analysis in statistical analysis, the best band of chlorophyll-a retrieval is the combined band of blue band, green band and red band, based on the relationship between measured chlorophyll-a concentration and Landsat 8 the reflection values of each band. On the basis of this, the regression fitting equation is constructed. Through the accuracy analysis, the inversion error is smaller and the fitting degree is 0.7, which has good applicability. In 2015, the results show that the chlorophyll-a concentration in Nansi Lake in January was as high as 10mg/m3. The concentration of chlorophyll-a in the lake coast is much higher than the central of the lake area. And the concentration of the Weishan Lake in the lower Lake area is higher than that of the other lake areas.
The vibration reduction performance of Tuned Liquid Damper on high-rise buildings with three-dimensional numerical simulation
Authors: Su Jizhi , Wu Hailiang , Zhang Wuchen , Liu Zhong , Wang Yamin , Cheng Nan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The vibration reduction effect of high-position fire-fighting water tanks on the roof of office buildings in State Grid Corporation of China is discussed in this article. A three-dimensional tuned liquid damper(TLD for short)-structure model was established based on Coupled Euler-Lagrange algorithm to compare the calculated results under unidirectional and bidirectional seismic waves. Meanwhile, a 10-storey frame structure with asymmetric plane was selected to study the controlling performance of TLD on torsional response. Top displacement and aseismic ratio are taken as the key parameters to verify the availability, and the results show that the displacement response of TLD-structure has the character of linear-superposition geometrically, and the response gets the maximum when the seismic characteristic period tends to its natural period. The position with smaller structural stiffness should be taken as the primary controlling part, and reduction effect is better in the direction with strong displacement-response. TLDs have positive effects on controlling the structural torsional response and the aseismic ratio could reach 30% or more.
Study on Preparation and Performance of Carbon Hexapolycarboxylic Acid Comprehensive Mother Liquor
Authors: Chen Wenhong , Deng Lei , Jiang Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With ethylene polyethylene glycol ether (EPEG), acrylic acid (AA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and sodium gluconate (SG) as the main raw materials, we synthesized the carbon hexapolycarboxylic acid comprehensive mother liquor with the use of initiator. And the test result shows that the carboxylic acid mother liquor concrete has better fluidity, better slump loss resistant property and lower concrete viscosity when the mother liquor has a reaction temperature of 10°C, a reaction system concentration of 40%, and when the hydroxyethyl propylene takes 0.89% of the total mass.
Study on clustering analysis of building energy consumption data
Authors: Li Yehong , Yang Jiankun , Jiang Xiangyang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A large amount of building energy consumption data has been accumulated nowadays. Such data can help to find problems in building energy efficiency and put forward suggestions for imporvements. However, the present situation is that a big amount of data has been mothballed and its value has not been fully exploited. In this paper, clustering method is used to analyse the energy consumption data of 784 public buildings in Guangzhou. The method combines K-means algorithm and Euclidean distance for similarity measure, aiming to classify the time-series data of energy consumption. The analysis results identify well the energy consumption trends of these buildings. Three clusters of buildings with incresing energy consumption trends are taken as key target for energy conservation and four clusters of buildings with downward energy consumption trends are treated as example buildings for experience learning. A further analysis of the clusters finds the characteristics of each group, this helps understand better the patterns of building energy consumption. The clustering analysis facilitates more effective diagnosis in energy efficiency and also supports policy making regarding building energy conservation.
Mix Design Analysis on the Steel Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete
Authors: Zhou Yifan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As a relatively new construction material, steel fiber reinforced concrete gradually plays an important role in building construction, frame joints, roof waterproofing, underground waterproofing and other engineering fields. At the same time, the mixing design of fiber reinforced concrete is also becoming more important. This paper analyzed two experiments held to explore the influences of different factors on the strength and economic efficiency of steel fiber reinforced concrete. The first one was Research on Direct Design Method of Steel Fiber High-strength Concrete Mix conducted by a research group from North China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower; the other one was Mix Design and Performance Calculation Method of Steel Fiber Recycled Concrete conducted by Lijuan Zhang from Zhengzhou University. The mutual results were explored and the two methods were compared and analyzed. Through the data and analysis, it was found that the strength of concrete would increase as the increasing of volume percentage of steel fibers and the decreasing of water-cement ratio. The effect of enhancement by steel fibers on compressive strength was relatively small. Besides, the cost of steel fiber concrete was higher than traditional concrete. Using recycled aggregates to mix concrete could make steel fiber reinforced concrete more economically and environmentally friendly.
Investigation of civil building damage and its spatial characteristics under 2019 ML6.0 Changning earthquake
Authors: Zhou Hanxu , Che Ailan , Shuai Xianghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An ML6.0 earthquake occurred at 22:55 on June 17, 2019, in Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, China. The Changning earthquake killed 13 people and affected an area of 3075 km2. The disaster caused by the earthquake is mainly the damage of civil buildings in the affected area. A field investigation on civil building damage was conducted by the authors after the earthquake occurrence. The destruction forms and damage area of civil buildings in 44 villages from different seismic intensity regions were collected and it was found that there are significant differences in the severity of building damage of different structure types. In order to analyse the spatial correlation between building damage and influencing factors, nine indicators are selected including structure type, PGA, elevation, slope angle, population density, per capita GDP, distance to river, distance to fault and NDVI, and damage ratio is defined to measure the degree of building damage in each village. The spatial correlation between civil building damage and influencing factors is analysed in GIS using histogram statistics and correlation analysis. The results show that PGA has the strongest correlation with civil building damage. In the area with greater seismic motion, the civil building damage is more serious. Structure type and economy level also have significant linear relationship with building damage.
Study on Runoff Characteristics and Countermeasures of the Upper Reaches of Nanpanjiang River Under the Background of Drought in Southwest China
Authors: Zheng Jiangli , Liu Xia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change can cause strong fluctuations in the hydrological series. From 2009 to 2013, the continuous drought in southwest China had a very adverse impact on local climate and hydrological elements. In this paper, Xiaolongtan Hydrological Station, an important hydrological observation station on the Nanpanjiang River basin in southwest China, was taken as the research object. Mann-Kendall method was used to analyze the trend and abrupt change of the long series of runoff from 1961 to 2018 in Xiaolongtan. On this basis, the contribution rate of climate change and human activities to the runoff change of Xiaolongtan Hydrological Station in Nanpanjiang was quantitatively analyzed by using the double mass curve method. The results show that :(1) the runoff of Nanpanjiang River basin decreased from 1961 to 2018, and abruptly changed in 1980. Human activities were the main driving factor for the annual runoff reduction of Nanpanjiang River basin, contributing 96.23% to runoff reduction, and precipitation contributed only 3.77% to runoff reduction. (2) The construction of Chaishitan Reservoir played a crucial role in the annual redistribution of water volume in the Nanpanjiang River basin, which greatly reduced the adverse impact of successive droughts on the surrounding areas of the Nanpanjiang River basin. The results of this study can alleviate the adverse effects of continuous drought on the Nanpanjiang River basin and provide an important reference for the rational allocation of water resources in the Nanpanjiang River basin under drought conditions.
Research on Evaluation Index System of Mountain Expressway Landscape Coordination
Authors: Zheng Fu , Qin Zhibin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To better evaluate the effect of mountainous expressway landscape restoration scientifically and reasonably, this paper discussed the evaluation index system of mountainous expressway landscape coordination. Based on scientifically grasping the meaning and characteristics of mountainous expressway landscape coordination, 15 first-level evaluation indicators and 36 second-level evaluation indicators were selected from four aspects: internal highway landscape coordination, external environment coordination, road landscape coordination, and landscape and safety coordination. The index constructed the evaluation index system of mountainous expressway landscape coordination and explained the significance of the evaluation index. To serve the purpose of evaluating the coordination of the mountain road landscape, the constituent factors of the secondary indicators were standardized and scored to achieve the grading and quantification of the indicators. This paper also discussed the evaluation method of highway landscape coordination, which can enrich the theory and method system of mountain highway landscape coordination evaluation to a certain extent.
Experiment research on multi-factor model for chloride migration coefficient within concrete
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Fan Zhihong , Xiong Jianbo , Zhang Dongfang , Wu Qingfa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A multi-factor model for chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete contained fly ash and blast furnace slag was developed based on experimental investigation. Firstly, by adopting the experiment design technology, the RCM test with 12 sets of concrete specimens were carried out. Then, the influential laws of various factors, including water-binder ratio, replacement of fly ash and replacement of blast furnace slag were explored. Furthermore, based on nonlinear least squares method and the RCM test data, a multi-factor model for the initial chloride diffusion coefficient by comprehensively taking into account the influence of water-to-binder ratio, replacement of fly ash and replacement of blast furnace slag were developed. Finally, the accuracy and applicability of the proposed model were demonstrated by comparing it with experimental data of RCM and the predicted values of chloride migration coefficient models.
The Application of Improved Genetic Algorithm to the Back Analysis of Foundation Pit Construction
Authors: Peng Kai , Zhou Yuefei , Liu Yaolai , Ma Liangliang , Xie Yi , Deng Fang , Bai Zhijun , Li Yuepeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The improved genetic algorithm is combined into the foundation pit finite element method. On the basis of the measured lateral displacement data on site, the parameters of the foundation soils were obtained by the back analysis. Then the lateral deformation of the surrounding soil was analyzed on the condition of each different step under the foundation pit excavation according to the inversion parameters, and the calculation and analysis of lateral displacement of cement-soil pile with anchorage retaining structure was did. The results reveal that the calculated value is agreed with to the measured value, which indicates that the improved genetic algorithm is efficient to the related constructions.
Finite element analysis of contact between new-built structure and old subgrade in pile-plank structure
Authors: Li Shuli , Xu Haotian , Han Wenwen , Fu Jundong , Wan Shui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Under different working conditions of two vehicle load and four vehicle load, the changes of contact normal stress and friction normal stress between contact surfaces of pile-plank structure were systematically simulated by FEM respectively. The results show that the contact normal stress and friction normal stress are both maximum under the condition of four-vehicle load, and condition 23 is the most unfavorable overall stress situation in which the maximum contact normal stress reached 302.936kPa and the maximum friction normal stress reached 90.881kPa.
Study on prediction of riverbed erosion and deposition at tail of Ganjiang River
Authors: Ge Hua , Deng Chunyan , Gong Ping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The trend of a river erosion and deposition is the first construction condition for a bridge construction. In order to evaluate the construction conditions of a bridge located at the end of Ganjiang River, based on the two-dimensional flow and sediment mathematical model, the amount and distribution of sediment erosion and deposition in the river reach under various typical and series of annual flow and sediment processes were calculated and analysed in this paper. The results show that the river reach where the project is located is dominated by micro siltation under various water and sediment processes, but the unfavourable conditions caused by local scour of piers should be considered in the construction of the project.
Continuous Detecting Device and Method for Ammonia Gas Release in Concrete Mixed with Denitrified Fly Ash
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Zhang Xiusong , Wu Shuai , Kong Xiangzhi , Wu Kui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ammonia gas released from concrete mixed with denitrified fly ash has a negative impact on the performance of concrete, and is also hazardous to the health of constructors in closed spaces such as hydraulic tunnels and subways. The study of ammonia gas releasing law of concrete mixed with denitrified fly ash can provide a solution to eliminate these adverse effects. Moreover, ammonia gas releasing is a continuous and slow process, and there is no effective detection method at present. In order to solve the problem that ammonia gas release from concrete mixed with denitrified fly ash cannot be absorbed and detected continuously, in this paper, a continuous testing device for ammonia gas release from concrete is developed, which can adjust the temperature and wind speed in the test box to simulate the construction environment, vibration and hardening process, and realize the real-time detection of ammonia gas release from pouring to curing of concrete. The ammonia gas releasing law of concrete mixed with denitrified fly ash in the process of vibrating and hardening was tested. The results show that vibrating can accelerate ammonia gas releasing in concrete, and ventilation is beneficial to ammonia gas dissipation. The ammonia gas concentration in the test chamber decreases gradually and tends to zero with the increase of ventilation time. The total ammonia gas release from concrete increases significantly in the early hardening stage and gradually increases with the time, and finally tends to be stable. The release rate of ammonia gas in concrete accords with the exponential decay law.