bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of mixed meal tolerance test on gastric emptying, glucose and lipid homeostasis in obese nonhuman primates
Authors: Albarazanji Kamal , Nawrocki Andrea R. , Gao Bin , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Yixin , Xiao Yong-Fu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeal ingestion elicits a variety of neuronal, physiological and hormonal responses that differ in healthy, obese or diabetic individuals. The mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) is a well-established method to evaluate pancreatic β-cell reserve and glucose homeostasis in both preclinical and clinical research in response to calorically defined meal. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are highly valuable for diabetic research as they can naturally develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a way similar to the onset and progression of human T2DM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproducibility and effects of a MMTT containing acetaminophen on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, incretin hormones, lipids, acetaminophen appearance (a surrogate marker for gastric emptying) in 16 conscious obese cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Plasma insulin, C-peptide, TG, aGLP-1, tGIP, PYY and acetaminophen significantly increased after meal/acetaminophen administration. A subsequent study in 6 animals showed that the changes of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, lipids and acetaminophen were reproducible. There were no significant differences in responses to the MMTT among the obese NHPs with (n = 11) or without (n = 5) hyperglycemia. Our results demonstrate that mixed meal administration induces significant secretion of several incretins which are critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis. In addition, the responses to the MMTTs are reproducible in NHPs, which is important when the MMTT is used for evaluating post-meal glucose homeostasis in research.
Derangement of cell cycle markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic patients as a reliable biomarker for asthma control
Authors: Hachim Mahmood Yaseen , Elemam Noha Mousaad , Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. , Salameh Laila , Olivenstein Ronald , Hachim Ibrahim Yaseen , Venkatachalam Thenmozhi , Mahboub Bassam , Al Heialy Saba , Hamid Qutayba , Hamoudi Rifat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn asthma, most of the identified biomarkers pertain to the Th2 phenotype and no known biomarkers have been verified for severe asthmatics. Therefore, identifying biomarkers using the integrative phenotype-genotype approach in severe asthma is needed. The study aims to identify novel biomarkers as genes or pathways representing the core drivers in asthma development, progression to the severe form, resistance to therapy, and tissue remodeling regardless of the sample cells or tissues examined. Comprehensive reanalysis of publicly available transcriptomic data that later was validated in vitro, and locally recruited patients were used to decipher the molecular basis of asthma. Our in-silicoanalysis revealed a total of 10 genes (GPRC5A, SFN, ABCA1, KRT8, TOP2A, SERPINE1, ANLN, MKI67, NEK2, and RRM2) related to cell cycle and proliferation to be deranged in the severe asthmatic bronchial epithelium and fibroblasts compared to their healthy counterparts. In vitro, RT qPCR results showed that (SERPINE1 and RRM2) were upregulated in severe asthmatic bronchial epithelium and fibroblasts, (SFN, ABCA1, TOP2A, SERPINE1, MKI67, and NEK2) were upregulated in asthmatic bronchial epithelium while (GPRC5A and KRT8) were upregulated only in asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts. Furthermore, MKI76, RRM2, and TOP2A were upregulated in Th2 high epithelium while GPRC5A, SFN, ABCA1 were upregulated in the blood of asthmatic patients. SFN, ABCA1 were higher, while MKI67 was lower in severe asthmatic with wheeze compared to nonasthmatics with wheezes. SERPINE1 and GPRC5A were downregulated in the blood of eosinophilic asthmatics, while RRM2 was upregulated in an acute attack of asthma. Validation of the gene expression in PBMC of locally recruited asthma patients showed that SERPINE1, GPRC5A, SFN, ABCA1, MKI67, and RRM2 were downregulated in severe uncontrolled asthma. We have identified a set of biologically crucial genes to the homeostasis of the lung and in asthma development and progression. This study can help us further understand the complex interplay between the transcriptomic data and the external factors which may deviate our understanding of asthma heterogeneity.
Current biological approaches for management of crucifer pests
Authors: Mayanglambam Saini , Singh Kabrambam Dasanta , Rajashekar Yallappa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCabbage is considered as one of the most commonly found vegetables and it has been cultivated in large areas throughout the year. As it is mostly grown in large areas, higher rate of pest infestation likely to occur, which hinder its total production and consumption. However, continuous use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural pest management often leads to various negative impacts such as development of resistance by the pest, adverse effect on non-target organisms and hazardous effect on environment. These drawbacks led to an alternative approaches for control of crucifer pests that are cost effective, biodegradable, low toxic effect on non-target organisms and eco-friendly. This review brings together all the information of different biological practices for management of crucifer pests and list of botanical insecticides and entomopathogenic organisms that are being reported. This will help in establishing the knowledge of limited studies on pest management using different biological control methods to more challenging research and conveys the importance of pest management system for taking research forward.
The first competing risk survival nomogram in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Su Xing , Hou Niu-Niu , Yang Li-Jun , Li Peng-Xiao , Yang Xiao-Jian , Hou Guang-Dong , Gao Xue-Lin , Ma Shuai-Jun , Guo Fan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Wu-He , Qin Wei-Jun , Wang Fu-Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is still a lack of competing risk analysis of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) following surgery. We performed the cumulative incidence function (CIF) to estimate the absolute risks of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) of pRCC over time, and constructed a nomogram predicting the probability of 2-, 3- and 5-year CSM based on competing risk regression. A total of 5993 pRCC patients who underwent nephrectomy between 2010 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The 2-, 3-, 5-year CSM rates were 3.2%, 4.4% and 6.5%, respectively, and that of OCM were 3.2%, 5.0% and 9.3%, respectively. The estimates of 5-year cumulative mortality were most pronounced among patients aged > 75 years in OCM (17.0%). On multivariable analyses, age, tumor grade, T stage, N stage, and with or without bone, liver and lung metastases were identified as independent predictors of CSM following surgery and were integrated to generate the nomogram. The nomogram achieved a satisfactory discrimination with the AUCt of 0.730 at 5-year, and the calibration curves presented impressive agreements. Taken together, age-related OCM is a significant portion of all-cause mortality in elderly patients and our nomogram can be used for decision-making and patient counselling.
Effects of Oxygen via High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Adult Oropharyngeal Swallowing: A Literature Review
Authors: Devlin Candice , O'Bryan Rory 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The use of high-flow oxygen via nasal cannula has become increasingly more common in various patient populations given the multiple benefits for treating respiratory distress and failure. There is emerging, though varying research on the impact high-flow oxygen delivery may have on adult oropharyngeal swallowing function. The purpose of this literature review is to outline available research and examine study design, populations investigated, findings, and clinical considerations of these findings.

Method
After an extensive online database search, we found five available peer-reviewed research articles specifically investigating oropharyngeal swallowing function in adults receiving high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy. Each article was reviewed and summarized in detail with close attention paid to results and clinical implications. Limitations, indirectness, and/or methodologic flaws are highlighted for the readers' consideration.

Conclusions
Four prospective design studies and one retrospective data analysis collection have been published evaluating the effects of high-flow oxygen therapy on adult oropharyngeal swallowing. Three of the prospective design studies evaluated healthy adults; one prospective design and the retrospective analysis data collection investigated acute care patients requiring HFNC. Study findings varied greatly likely due to variability of each study's subject population, design, and methods. Variability of results may make it challenging for speech pathologists attempting to use evidence-based decision making in clinical practice. Additional studies investigating nonhealthy subjects undergoing instrumental swallow studies while on HFNC are warranted.
Technik und klinische Bedeutung des kardialen Mappings – was der Radiologe wissen sollte
Authors: Pennig Lenhard , Luetkens Julian , Nähle Claas Philip 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren sind die Mapping-Techniken der kardialen MRT vermehrt in das Interesse von Forschung und klinischer Praxis gerückt. Damit kann der Radiologe magnetische (T1-, T2- und T2*-Zeiten) und histologische (Extrazellulärvolumen-Fraktion) Parameter des Myokards quantifizieren und vor allem diffuse akute und chronische Erkrankungen des Myokards besser nachweisen als mit den Standardsequenzen.
Aminothiaindanone as an Accessible Scaffold for a Three-Point Chemical Diversity
Authors: Dallemagne Patrick , Zipfel Pauline , Lalut Julien , Sopková-de Oliveira Santos Jana , Rochais Christophe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAminothiaindanone heterocycle appears to be a scaffold of interest in medicinal chemistry. To increase the chemical diversity in this series, the introduction of three-point chemical diversity on the cyclopenta[b]thiophen-4-one scaffold was explored. About thirty newly functionalized thiophene-containing bicycles were obtained using various chemical reactions, paving the way for novel possibilities in medicinal chemistry projects.
Homologation of Alkyl Acetates, Alkyl Ethers, Acetals, and Ketals by Formal Insertion of Diazo Compounds into a Carbon–Carbon Bond
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto , Wang Fei , Yi Junyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHomologation of alkyl acetates, alkyl ethers, acetals, and ketals was accomplished via formal insertion of diazo esters into carbon–carbon σ-bonds. The combined Lewis acid InI3 with Me3SiBr catalyzed the homologation of alkyl acetates and alkyl ethers. That of acetals and ketals was catalyzed solely by the use of InBr3. The key point of the homologation mechanism is that the indium-based Lewis acids have the appropriate amount of Lewis acidity to achieve both the abstraction and release of leaving groups. The abstraction of a leaving group by an indium-based Lewis acid and the electrophilic addition of carbocation or oxonium intermediates to diazo esters followed by the rearrangement of carbon substituents provide the corresponding cation intermediates. Finally, the leaving group that is captured by the Lewis acid bonds with cation intermediates to furnish the homologated products.
The Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Urology Practice
Authors: Moussa Mohamad , Chakra Mohamed Abou , Papatsoris Athanasios G. , Dellis Athanasios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis and timely treatment of cancer patients should not be compromised during an infectious disease pandemic. The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has serious implications on urology practice and raises particular questions for urologists about the management of different conditions. It was recommended to cancel most of the elective urological surgeries. Urological cancers surgeries that should be prioritized are radical cystectomy for selective tumors, orchiectomy for suspected testicular tumors, nephrectomy for c T3 + , nephroureterectomy for high-grade disease, and radical adrenalectomy for tumors >6 cm or adrenal carcinoma. Most prostatectomies can be delayed without compromising the survival rate of patients. Urological emergencies should be treated adequately even during this pandemic. There is a potential risk of coronavirus diffusion during minimally invasive procedures performed. It is crucial to use specific precautions when urologists performed those type of surgeries. It was also recommended to suspend the kidney transplantation program during the COVID-19 pandemic except for specific cases. In this review, we discussed the triage of urological surgeries, the risk of minimally invasive urological procedure, the kidney transplantation challenges, the systemic therapies, intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), endourology, teleconferencing, and telemedicine application in urology during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Central Venoplasty in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Aljarie Mohammed , Alahmari Mohammed , Arabi Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of the central venous angioplasty in patients with central venous occlusion and cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) without lead extraction.Materials and Methods A retrospective study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of 37 central venous angioplasty procedure for 15 patients with CIED without lead extraction.Results Technical success was achieved in 97% (n = 36/37) and clinical success was achieved in 89% (33/37) of the procedures. One procedure failed recanalization of chronic total occlusion of the left subclavian vein, and the patient required fistula embolization due to severe arm swelling. Another procedure failed initially to recanalize long-segment occlusion involving the right subclavian vein/brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava in a patient with a history of Hickman line and left-sided CIED. This was successfully recanalized and angioplastied on a subsequent session. No lead fracture or dislodgment was documented in any procedure. No procedure-related complication was documented within 2 weeks after the angioplasty. Six-month primary patency was achieved in 62% (23/37) of the procedures. Ten patients (66%) required an average of 1.4 reinterventions (range: 1–4 interventions) during the follow-up time with mean time to reintervention of 318 days (5–1,380 days). Two patients required early reinterventions within 10 days due to catheter dysfunction.Conclusion Findings of this study support the existing evidence on the safety and effectiveness of balloon angioplasty without lead extraction.
Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid).
Authors: Nematollahi Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

D. noxia has a great economic impact on cereal crops (Brooks et al., 1994). It is a phloem feeder like other aphids and the symptoms evident on plants are a result of this feeding mechanism. By feeding on the phloem, the aphid damages the plants through nutrient drainage (Dixon, 1985) which results in chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, stunting, and curling of the leaves, misshapen or nonappearance of new growth, and localised cell death at the site of aphid feeding. D. noxia further elicits an increase in essential amino acids in the phloem sap by triggering the breakdown of proteins in infested wheat leaves (Burd and Burton, 1992; du Toit, 1986; Ma et al., 1998; Miller et al., 2001). The damage to the foliar tissue is thought to play a role in the pest's ability to increase nutritional quality of the host plant (Botha et al., 2006).
Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans).
Authors: Brown Judith K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infects a wide range of cultivated legumes. It causes severe mosaic and/or necrosis on the leaves, stems and pods of beans (Phaselous), cowpea (Vigna) and soyabean (Glycine max). Yield losses of 64-80% have been recorded in groundnuts in Kenya (Bock et al., 1976, 1977) and 10-100% in soyabean in Brazil and Argentina (Brown and Rodrigues, 2017). The virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.
Kuehneola uredinis (cane and leaf rust).
Authors: Karsli Ayşegül , Tezcan Himmet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Kuehneola uredinis is a fungal pathogen that causes cane and leaf rust only in Rubus cultivars, or wild and ornamental blackberry species. It can be highly destructive, especially on susceptible blackberry and Rubus hybrid cultivars, but rarely occurs on red and black raspberry (Ellis et al., 1991). Although the disease is not systemic, severe infection can cause premature defoliation and a decrease in cane vigour, making plants more susceptible to winter conditions and resulting in economic loss (Converse, 1966). Dispersal of the pathogen occurs on blackberry and hybrid Rubus cultivars, and wild blackberries in production areas worldwide. The fungus overwinters either as aecial urediniospores or mycelium in the canes and wet conditions favour disease dispersal (Laundon and Rainbow, 1969). K. uredinis is not included in quarantine lists (USDA, 2017; EPPO, 2019). There is interest in K. uredinis as a biocontrol agent due to its destructive effect on some invasive wild blackberry species, e.g., Rubus penetrans (Gardner and Hodges, 1983).
Phytophthora alni species complex (alder Phytophthora).
Authors: Marçais Benoit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The alder Phytophthora species complex of oomycetes encompasses the hybrid P. ×alni and its two parental species, P. uniformis and P. × multiformis (Brasier et al., 1999; Husson et al., 2015). It emerged in the early 1990s and is associated with severe decline of alder trees on river banks of Europe. The main pathogen involved, P. ×alni, was previously unreported. Its pattern of occurrence suggests an invasive species, but one that arose from several hybridization events in different places rather than spreading from a central origin. The population structure of P. uniformis, one of the parental species, suggests that it is introduced in Europe and native in North America (Aguayo et al., 2013); the origin of the second parent, P. × multiformis, remains unknown. Long-range spread is mainly through planting of infected nursery stock, followed by downstream spread in river water by motile zoospores. The pathogen was on the EPPO alert list from 1996 to 2001.
Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease).
Authors: Reeder Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Diplodia seriata is a cosmopolitan and plurivorous fungal species occurring on woody hosts belonging to many plant genera and families (Punithalingam and Waller, 1973; Phillips et al., 2007; Slippers et al., 2007). The fungus is encountered in many habitats, but has a primarily temperate distribution and is present on most continents.D. seriata causes canker, dieback, fruit rot and leaf spot diseases on economically important forest and horticultural species (Farr and Rossman, 2020). Reports of the virulence of this pathogen vary depending upon the crop, varieties and hosts involved and it is often regarded as a stress-related pathogen taking advantage of weak or stressed plants. In common with other members of the Botryosphaeriaceae, D. seriata is capable of living endophytically inside plants (Crous et al., 2006; Slippers and Wingfield, 2007) and latent infections of fruits can result in storage rots. The pathogen is dispersed through both pycnidia and ascospores with conidia regarded as the most important inoculum source for short-distance spread. Infection is through wounds, natural openings, or direct penetration of the host tissue. There is no evidence that this species is seedborne although some members of the Botryosphaeriaceae have been shown to be present in seeds (Gure et al., 2005). The extensive host range of this species means that it is more likely to become established in new areas, as establishment will not depend on the presence of specific hosts. The widespread distribution of this species is presumably as a result of the word-wide movement agricultural, forestry and ornamental plants.
Frailty—a risk factor of global and domain-specific cognitive decline among a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adult U.S. Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Chu Nadia M , Xue Qian-Li , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A , Carlson Michelle C , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Gross Alden L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
frail older adults may be more vulnerable to stressors, resulting in steeper declines in cognitive function. Whether the frailty–cognition link differs by cognitive domain remains unclear; however, it could lend insight into underlying mechanisms.

Methods
we tested whether domain-specific cognitive trajectories (clock-drawing test, (CDT), immediate and delayed recall, orientation to date, time, president and vice-president naming) measured annually (2011–2016) differ by baseline frailty (physical frailty phenotype) in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (n = 7,439), a nationally representative sample of older adult U.S. Medicare beneficiaries, using mixed effects models to describe repeated measures of each cognitive outcome. To determine if the association between frailty and subsequent cognitive change differed by education, we tested for interaction using the Wald test.

Results
we observed steeper declines for frail compared to non-frail participants in each domain-specific outcome, except for immediate recall. Largest differences in slope were observed for CDT (difference = −0.12 (standard deviations) SD/year, 95%CI: −0.15, −0.08). By 2016, mean CDT scores for frail participants were 1.8 SD below the mean (95%CI: −1.99, −1.67); for non-frail participants, scores were 0.8 SD below the mean (95%CI: −0.89, −0.69). Associations differed by education for global cognitive function (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001) and for each domain-specific outcome: CDT (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001), orientation (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001), immediate (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001) and delayed (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001) word recalls.

Conclusion
frailty is associated with lower levels and steeper declines in cognitive function, with strongest associations for executive function. These findings suggest that aetiologies are multifactorial, though primarily vascular related; further research into its association with dementia sub-types and related pathologies is critical.