bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of professionals on the safety and accessibility of aged care for Care Leavers and Forgotten Australians
Authors: Browne‐Yung Kathryn , O’Neil Diana , Walker Ruth , Corlis Megan , Smyth Alison , Putsey Peter , Laver Kate E. , Fernandez Elizabeth , Cations Monica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about how prepared the aged care system is to meet the specific needs of Care Leavers and Forgotten Australians. We explored service provider and advocate perspectives about the barriers and facilitators for appropriate and safe care for this group.MethodsThree focus groups with sixteen professional stakeholders examined the ways aged care support is accessible and inaccessible for Forgotten Australians.ResultsParticipants noted structural and organisational features that act as barriers to best practice aged care. It was perceived that funding models and processes provide insufficient opportunity to develop trust with professionals and access tailored care. Once engaged with aged care services, the sector lacks the psychological literacy required to tailor care to manage the complex needs and preferences of Forgotten Australians.ConclusionsSystemic and organisational change that promotes increased flexibility, trauma‐informed care and non‐residential housing options will improve the safety and accessibility of aged care for Forgotten Australians.
Immunological resilience and biodiversity for prevention of allergic diseases and asthma
Authors: Haahtela Tari , Alenius Harri , Lehtimäki Jenni , Sinkkonen Aki , Fyhrquist Nanna , Hyöty Heikki , Ruokolainen Lasse , Mäkelä Mika J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncrease of allergic conditions has occurred at the same pace with theGreat Acceleration, which stands for the rapid growth rate of human activities upon earth from 1950s. Changes of environment and lifestyle along with escalating urbanization are acknowledged as the main underlying causes. Secondary (tertiary) prevention for better disease control has advanced considerably with innovations for oral immunotherapy and effective treatment of inflammation with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and biological medications. Patients are less disabled than before. However, primary prevention has remained a dilemma. Factors predicting allergy and asthma risk have proven complex: Risk factors increase the risk, while protective factors counteract them. Interaction of human body with environmental biodiversity with micro‐organisms and biogenic compounds as well as the central role of epigenetic adaptation in immune homeostasis have given new insight. Allergic diseases are good indicators of the twisted relation to environment. In various non‐communicable diseases, the protective mode of the immune system indicates low‐grade inflammation without apparent cause. Giving microbes, pro‐ and prebiotics, has shown some promise in prevention and treatment. The real‐world public health programme in Finland (2008–2018) emphasized nature relatedness and protective factors for immunological resilience, instead of avoidance. The nationwide action mitigated the allergy burden, but in the lack of controls, primary preventive effect remains to be proven. The first results of controlled biodiversity interventions are promising. In the fast urbanizing world, new approaches are called for allergy prevention, which also has a major cost saving potential.
Li‐ESWT treatment reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and pain via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway in autoimmune prostatitis rat models
Authors: Feng Bin , Dong Zhilong , Wang Yiran , Yan Guanghui , Yang Enguang , Cheng Hui , Liang Chaozhao , Hao Zongyao , Zhang Xiansheng , Song Zhengyao , Jiang Zhancheng , Chen Ming , Yue Zhongjin , Wang Zhiping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to limited data on the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and the suboptimal therapeutic effect, the development of new and effective treatment modalities was needed urgently. Low‐intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li‐ESWT) has been reported for the treatment of CP/CPPS. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.ObjectiveTo interrogated the efficacy and the mechanism of Li‐ESWT in the treatment of CP/CPPS.Materials and MethodsAccording to different treatments, RWPE‐1 cells (human prostate epithelial cells) were randomly divided into three groups: control group, LPS (lipopolysaccharide) group, or Li‐ESWT group (LPS‐induced RWPE‐1 managed by Li‐ESWT). Following the Li‐ESWT treatment, the levels of oxidative stress were assayed. We then established a rat model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) by injecting prostatic protein homogenate mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. The Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group, EAP group, or Li‐ESWT group. Von Frey Filament was used to quantify pelvic hyperalgesia in the rats. Prostates tissues from each group were collected for immunohistochemistry, oxidation stress, and Western blot analysis.ResultsHistological analysis showed reduced inflammation and expression of cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, COX‐2, SP) in prostate tissues from the Li‐ESWT group compared with those from the EAP group (all p < 0.05). Similarly, there was reduced pelvic pain and allergic symptoms in the Li‐ESWT group compared with the EAP group (all p < 0.05). Besides, Li‐ESWT treatment could decrease oxidative stress in the prostate and in RWPE‐1 cells, respectively (both p < 0.05). Moreover, the Li‐ESWT upregulated the expression of CAT through the inhibition of phosphorylation of AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.Discussion and ConclusionsLi‐ESWT may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and pain in rats with autoimmunity‐induced prostatitis via the PI3 K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. It implies that Li‐ESWT can present a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of CP/CPPS.
Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for predominantly Caucasian myopic choroidal neovascularization: 2‐year treatment outcomes in clinical practice: data from the Fight Retinal Blindness! Registry
Authors: Gabrielle Pierre‐Henry , Nguyen Vuong , Creuzot‐Garcher Catherine , Miguel Lucia , Alforja Socorro , Sararols Laura , Casaroli‐Marano Ricardo P. , Zarranz‐Ventura Javier , Gillies Mark , Arnold Jennifer , Barthelmes Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo report the 24‐month outcomes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors for myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) in predominantly Caucasian eyes in routine clinical practice.MethodsRetrospective analysis of treatment‐naïve eyes starting intravitreal injection of VEGF inhibitors of either bevacizumab (1.25 mg) or ranibizumab (0.5 mg) for mCNV from 1 January 2006 to 31 May 2018 that were tracked in the Fight Retinal Blindness! registry.ResultsWe identified 203 eyes (bevacizumab–85 and ranibizumab–118) of 189 patients. The estimated mean (95% CI) change in VA over 24 months for all eyes using longitudinal models was +8 (5, 11) letters with a median (Q1, Q3) of 3 (2, 5) injections given mostly during the first year. The estimated mean change in VA at 24 months was similar between bevacizumab and ranibizumab [+9 (5, 13) letters for bevacizumab versus +9 (6, 13) letters for ranibizumab; p = 0.37]. Both agents were also similar in the mCNV activity outcomes, treatment frequency and visit frequency.ConclusionsThe 24‐month treatment outcomes of VEGF inhibitors for mCNV were favourable in this largest series yet reported of predominantly Caucasian eyes in routine clinical practice, with approximately two lines of visual gain and a median of three injections given mostly during the first year. These outcomes are similar to those reported for predominantly Asian eyes. Bevacizumab appeared to be as safe and effective as ranibizumab.
Blowin’ in the wind: The beginning of primary metallurgy in the Early Bronze Age Aegean
Authors: Doonan Roger C. P. , Marks Yvette A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur understanding of Early Bronze Age copper smelting in the Southern Aegean has improved dramatically in the last two decades through a combination of fieldwork, laboratory analyses and experimental reconstructions. The current model which has emerged from these various studies centers on a perforated furnace stack that is used in conjunction with ceramic pot bellows. This study undertakes a critique of the current model and through a series of experimental reconstructions and the analysis of results suggests that the current model has conflated various strands of evidence and resulted in a confused model. It is argued here that primary copper production in the Early Bronze Age Southern Aegean was more likely a two‐stage process that did not rely on the simultaneous use of natural draught and bellows. Along with other examples of wind‐powered furnaces, the working of the Aegean perforated furnace is reconsidered and a new model proposed along with a consideration of the wider implications.
Provenance of the white and polychrome marbles used for the architecture and sculpture of roman Sentinum (Sassoferrato, Marche, Italy)
Authors: Taelman Devi , Antonelli Fabrizio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSamples from 22 white crystalline and one greco scritto‐like marble artefacts (first–third centuries ce) from Roman Sentinum (Sassoferrato, Italy) were analysed to determine their provenance by thin‐section microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and stable isotope ratio analysis (δ18O and δ13C). Polychrome marbles were provenanced through macroscopic examination. Results show that relief sculpture and statuary were carved in white marble from Carrara, Paros, Thasos and Naxos. Architectural white marbles were identified as Proconnesian for veneer, and Proconnesian, Parian, Dokimeion and Thasian for capitals and pediments. Polychrome lithotypes include foremost africano, breccia di Sciro, cipollino verde, giallo antico, bardiglio and greco scritto (from Ephesos‐Hasançavuslar).
Exploring online social networks of school leaders in times of COVID‐19
Authors: Rehm Martin , Moukarzel Sara , Daly Alan J. , del Fresno Miguel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has raised a wide range of challenges for school leaders that they now (rapidly) have to address. Consequently, they also turn to informal learning networks, in order to share and collect information and reach out to their communities. In this context, the current study investigates the underlying networks structures among school leaders, what type of information is being shared, and what differences can be identified when comparing a nation‐wide and a localized sample. We collected data from a US nation‐wide sample of 15 relevant Twitter conversations, as well as Tweets from an US urban mid‐sized public school district. Using a mixed‐methods approach, we discovered several key structural dimensions and a host of highly influential actors. Moreover, we found semantic evidence for users sharing information on topics such as status reports. Finally, we discovered that the urban sample did not overly use the nation‐wide, very specific approach of including COVID‐19 related hashtags. Instead, they used more localized terminologies. These findings are valuable for policy makers, as they map the underlying communication patterns and provide valuable insights into who is moving what types of resources as part of the emerging governance approach on social media.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topicInformal networks can be instrumental in providing support during challenging circumstances.School leaders hold a critical position in these networks by accessing and sharing just‐in‐time information and knowledge.Social media provide a wide range of affordances that can support the development of informal networks.What this paper addsInsights into the intersection between leadership and social networks.Information on how school leaders turn to informal networks on social media to access and share information that can help them to face the challenges caused by the global COVID‐19 pandemic.Results on underlying informal learning network structures and topical discussions of a US nation‐wide data sample.Implications for practice and/or policyInsights are provided on how informal online networks develop, which can be instrumental when considering other networks that are of interest to practitioners and policy makers.Types of information and resources that are being shared are unraveled, which can act as an indicator of what type of information and resources school leaders are looking for, particularly in the face of a crisis like the global COVID‐19 pandemic.Differences are shown in how informal learning networks are used comparing a nation‐wide exchange with a localized, urban discussion, which can help to better target the applicable audiences.
Diverse changes in microglia morphology and axonal pathology during the course of 1 year after mild traumatic brain injury in pigs
Authors: Grovola Michael R. , Paleologos Nicholas , Brown Daniel P. , Tran Nathan , Wofford Kathryn L. , Harris James P. , Browne Kevin D. , Shewokis Patricia A. , Wolf John A. , Cullen D. Kacy , Duda John E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver 2.8 million people experience mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States each year, which may lead to long‐term neurological dysfunction. The mechanical forces that are caused by TBI propagate through the brain to produce diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and trigger secondary neuroinflammatory cascades. The cascades may persist from acute to chronic time points after injury, altering the homeostasis of the brain. However, the relationship between the hallmark axonal pathology of diffuse TBI and potential changes in glial cell activation or morphology have not been established in a clinically relevant large animal model at chronic time points. In this study, we assessed the tissue from pigs subjected to rapid head rotation in the coronal plane to generate mild TBI. Neuropathological assessments for axonal pathology, microglial morphological changes, and astrocyte reactivity were conducted in specimens out to 1‐year post‐injury. We detected an increase in overall amyloid precursor protein pathology, as well as periventricular white matter and fimbria/fornix pathology after a single mild TBI. We did not detect the changes in corpus callosum integrity or astrocyte reactivity. However, detailed microglial skeletal analysis revealed changes in morphology, most notably increases in the number of microglial branches, junctions, and endpoints. These subtle changes were most evident in periventricular white matter and certain hippocampal subfields, and were observed out to 1‐year post‐injury in some cases. These ongoing morphological alterations suggest persistent change in neuroimmune homeostasis. Additional studies are needed to characterize the underlying molecular and neurophysiological alterations, as well as potential contributions to neurological deficits.
Antenatal low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces neurobehavioral deficits and brain injury following dexamethasone‐induced intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Hung Tai‐Ho , Liu Yu‐Cheng , Wu Chun‐Hu , Chen Chien‐Cheng , Chao Hsien , Yang Feng‐Yi , Chen Szu‐Fu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, and IUGR survivors are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental deficits. No effective interventions are currently available to improve the structure and function of the IUGR brain before birth. This study investigated the protective effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes and brain injury using a rat model of IUGR induced by maternal exposure to dexamethasone (DEX). Pregnant rats were treated with DEX (200 μg/kg, s.c.) and LIPUS daily from gestational day (GD) 14 to 19. Behavioral assessments were performed on the IUGR offspring to examine neurological function. Neuropathology, levels of neurotrophic factors, and CaMKII‐Akt‐related molecules were assessed in the IUGR brain, and expression of glucose and amino acid transporters and neurotrophic factors were examined in the placenta. Maternal LIPUS treatment increased fetal weight, fetal liver weight, and placental weight following IUGR. LIPUS treatment also increased neuronal number and myelin protein expression in the IUGR brain, and attenuated neurodevelopmental deficits at postnatal day (PND) 18. However, the number of oligodendrocytes or microglia was not affected. These changes were associated with the upregulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) protein expression, and enhancement of neuronal CaMKII and Akt activation in the IUGR brain at PND 1. Additionally, LIPUS treatment promoted glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 production and BDNF expression in the placenta, but had no effects on GLUT3 or amino acid transporter expression. Our findings suggest that antenatal LIPUS treatment may reduce IUGR‐induced brain injury via enhancing cerebral BDNF/CaMKII/Akt signaling. These data provide new evidence that LIPUS stimulation could be considered for antenatal neuroprotective therapy in IUGR.
Efficient Rendering of Ocular Wavefront Aberrations using Tiled Point‐Spread Function Splatting
Authors: Csoba István , Kunkli Roland 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVisual aberrations are the imperfections in human vision, which play an important role in our everyday lives. Existing algorithms to simulate such conditions are either not suited for low‐latency workloads or limit the kinds of supported aberrations. In this paper, we present a new simulation method that supports arbitrary visual aberrations and runs at interactive, near real‐time performance on commodity hardware. Furthermore, our method only requires a single set of on‐axis phase aberration coefficients as input and handles the dynamic change of pupil size and focus distance at runtime. We first describe a custom parametric eye model and parameter estimation method to find the physical properties of the simulated eye. Next, we talk about our parameter sampling strategy which we use with the estimated eye model to establish a coarse point‐spread function (PSF) grid. We also propose a GPU‐based interpolation scheme for the kernel grid which we use at runtime to obtain the final vision simulation by extending an existing tile‐based convolution approach. We showcase the capabilities of our eye estimation and rendering processes using several different eye conditions and provide the corresponding performance metrics to demonstrate the applicability of our method for interactive environments.
Revisiting the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Canada's agricultural trade: The surprising case of an agricultural export boom
Authors: Barichello Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn contrast to April 2020 forecasts of the effects of the pandemic on Canada's agricultural trade, we find 1 year later that the recession was deeper, that total trade fell by less than was widely expected, and agricultural trade did not fall but actually increased. This was a general pattern across countries, but Canada's agricultural trade increased by at least 11%, more than the world aggregate and that of the U.S. This was mostly due to the success of crop exports, specifically in oilseeds, lentils, and cereals. Although some of the increase was due to rising commodity prices, for the most part trade volumes also increased substantially. Not only was Canada's export boom not expected but it was also not closely related to the pandemic. It was due to commodity‐specific circumstances, such as China's rebuilding of its depleted hog herd, a short crop of lentils in India, and demand shifts to Canadian wheat, durum and barley. Increased Asian demand helped this export growth, but accounted for less than a third of it.
Intrapulmonary distal airway stem cell transplantation repairs lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Zhao Yu , Li Dandan , Feng Yun , Xie Yusang , Zhou Yueqing , Zhou Min , Wang Yujia , Qu Jieming , Zuo Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible lung tissue damage including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which could further develop into respiratory failure. Many studies have revealed a potential regenerative function of the distal airway stem/progenitor cells (DASCs) after lung injury.Materials and MethodsMouse and human DASCs were expanded, analysed, and engrafted into injured mouse lungs. Single‐cell analyses were performed to reveal the differentiation path of the engrafted cells. Finally, human DASCs were transplanted into COPD mice induced by porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration.ResultsWe showed that isolated mouse and human DASCs could be indefinitely expanded and were able to further differentiate into mature alveolar structures in vitro. Single‐cell analysis indicated that the engrafted cells expressed typical cellular markers of type I alveolar cells as well as the specific secreted proteins. Interestingly, transplantation of human DASCs derived from COPD patients into the lungs of NOD‐SCID mice with COPD injury repaired the tissue damage and improved the pulmonary function.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrated that functional lung structure could be reconstituted by intrapulmonary transplantation of DASCs, suggesting a potential therapeutic role of DASCs transplantation in treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A review of liver dysfunction in the lung transplant patient
Authors: Hyzny Eric J. , Chan Ernest G. , Morrell Matthew , Harano Takashi , Sanchez Pablo G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiver dysfunction is an increasingly common finding in patients evaluated for lung transplantation. New or worsening dysfunction in the perioperative period, defined by presence of clinical ascites/encephalopathy, high model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score, and/or independent diagnostic criteria, is associated with high short‐ and long‐term mortality. Therefore, a thorough liver function assessment is necessary prior to listing for lung transplant. Unfortunately, identification and intraoperative monitoring remain the only options for prevention of disease progression with isolated lung transplantation. Combined lung and liver transplantation may provide an option for definitive long‐term management in selecting patients with known liver disease at high risk for postoperative progression. However, experience with the combined operation is extremely limited and indications for combined lung and liver transplant remain unclear. Herein, we present a comprehensive literature review of patients with liver dysfunction undergoing lung transplantation with and without concurrent liver transplant in an effort to illuminate the risks, benefits, and clinical judgement surrounding decision to pursue combined lung‐liver transplantation (CLLT). We also argue description of liver function is currently a weakness of the current lung allocation scoring system. Additional algorithms incorporating liver function may aid in risk stratification and decision to pursue combined transplantation.