bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hex-1(4)-ene as unique partner for Diels–Alder reactions with benzene: a density functional theory study
Authors: Kącka-Zych Agnieszka , Pérez Patricia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mechanism of the Diels–Alder reactions between perfluorobicyclo[2.2.0]hex-1(4)-ene (1a) and bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-1(4)-ene (1b) with benzene (2a) and naphthalene (2b) has been studied within the density functional theory at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level. The bonding pattern in these reactions is analyzed in the topology of the electron localization function within the bonding evolution theory perspective. The bonding electron density changes along the reaction paths reveal that the C–C bond formation takes place through a synchronous and non-concerted one-step mechanism and proceeds with a moderate activation energy. The reactivity order with 1a is 2a–2b. The reactions begin by the rupture of the double bond in the strained 1a-b molecules, and then two pseudoradical centers at the 1a-b fragments are created. Finally, at the same time, two new single bonds are formed in the cycloaddition products. The TSs proceed with high global electron density transfer providing a polar character at these reactions.
Aspirin in people with dementia, long-term benefits, and harms: a systematic review
Authors: Davis Katrina A. S. , Bishara Delia , Molokhia Mariam , Mueller Christoph , Perera Gayan , Stewart Robert J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
People with dementia may have indications for aspirin prescription and clinicians are asked to balance the potential risks against benefits. This review examines the evidence for the risk and benefit of long-term aspirin use in people with dementia aged over 65 years, including randomised controlled trials and observational studies.

Methods
We searched three databases for research published between 2007 and 2020. Each eligible article was assessed for risk of bias, and confidence in findings was rated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results
Four papers met inclusion criteria: one randomised controlled trial, two cohort studies, and one with pooled data. All looked only at dementia of Alzheimer’s type, and none addressed myocardial or cerebral infarction as outcomes. Dementia progression was reported by two studies, with conflicting results. The trial found no significant effect of aspirin on mortality (odds ratio aspirin vs. no aspirin 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.58–1.97) but found more events of severe bleeding with aspirin (OR aspirin vs. no aspirin 6.9, 1.5–31.2). An excess in intracranial haemorrhage in the aspirin group was judged plausible based on two non-randomised studies.

Conclusions
The review findings are limited because studies include only people with Alzheimer’s-type dementia and lack confirmatory studies, although an increased risk of bleeding events is recognised. Further research that addresses the benefits and risks of aspirin in more representative groups of people with dementia is needed to guide prescribing decisions.
The effect of ionising radiation on the physical properties of 3D-printed polymer boluses
Authors: Jezierska Karolina , Sękowska Anna , Podraza Wojciech , Gronwald Helena , Łukowiak Magdalena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, a method for designing radiotherapy boluses using 3D printing technology has been established in the West Pomeranian Oncology Centre in Szczecin, Poland. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the ionising radiation used in radiotherapy affects the physical properties of the printing material. Particularly, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 60 Gy X-ray radiation dose on the hardness and dimensions of 3D-printed boluses. Four cuboids were printed on a Zortrax M200 printer with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymer. All printed samples were exposed to 60 Gy of X-ray radiation delivered by a medical accelerator. After irradiation, changes in the hardness (using Vickers test) and dimensions of the prints were measured. The therapeutic X-ray dose had a minimal effect on the dimensions of the printed samples, resulting in a maximum contraction of only 0.4%. Changes of the hardness were not statistically significant. In conclusion, regarding the radiotherapy planning process, the application of this therapeutic X-ray dose does not significantly influence the hardness and dimensions of ABS-printed boluses.
Pleiotropic function of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE gene TaSPL14 in wheat plant architecture
Authors: Cao Jie , Liu Kaiye , Song Wanjun , Zhang Jianing , Yao Yingyin , Xin Mingming , Hu Zhaorong , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Du Jinkun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMain conclusionThe function ofSQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-BOXgeneTaSPL14in wheat is similar to that ofOsSPL14in rice in regulating plant height, panicle length, spikelet number, and thousand-grain weight of wheat, but differs during tiller development. TaSPL14 may regulate spike development via ethylene-response geneEIN3-LIKE 1(TaEIL1),ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2.11(TaRAP2.11), andETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1(TaERF1), but notDENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1(TaDEP1) in wheat.AbstractTheSQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKEgeneOsSPL14from rice is considered to be a major determinant of ideal plant architecture consisting of few unproductive tillers, more grains per spike, and high resistance of stems to lodging. However, the function of its orthologous gene,TaSPL14, in wheat is unknown. Here, we reported the functional similarities and differences betweenTaSPL14andOsSPL14. Similar toOsSPL14knock-outs in rice, wheatTaSPL14knock-out plants exhibited decreased plant height, panicle length, spikelet number, and thousand-grain weight. In contrast toOsSPL14, however,TaSPL14did not affect tiller number. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to ethylene response was significantly decreased in young spikes ofTaSPL14knock-out lines as compared with wild type. TaSPL14 directly binds to the promoters of the ethylene-response genesTaEIL1,TaRAP2.11,andTaERF1,and promotes their expression, suggesting thatTaSPL14might regulate wheat spike development via the ethylene-response pathway. The elucidation ofTaSPL14will contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie wheat plant architecture.
Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis
Authors: Caroppo Francesca , Galderisi Alfonso , Ventura Laura , Belloni Fortina Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPsoriasis in adults is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease. Various cardiometabolic comorbidities have been reported in childhood psoriasis, but only a few studies have analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. We performed a single-center prospective study investigating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children with psoriasis. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated in 60 pre-pubertal children with psoriasis (age: 3–10 years), accordingly to recently established criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children. Insulin resistance was considered altered when the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was ≥ 90th sex- and age-specific percentile and HOMA 2-IR was > 1.8. Eighteen (30%) children with psoriasis were found to have metabolic syndrome. Sixteen (27%) children were found to have insulin resistance.Conclusion: Our data underline the importance of assessing metabolic syndrome not only in adults and adolescents but also in young children with psoriasis.

What is Known:• Psoriasis in adults is strongly associated with metabolic disease and insulin resistance.• Very limited data are available on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis.

What is New:• This study reports that in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis, there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.• In children with psoriasis metabolic syndrome risk factors should be assessed.
Body composition monitoring in children and adolescents: reproducibility and reference values
Authors: Van Eyck Annelies , Eerens Sofie , Trouet Dominique , Lauwers Eline , Wouters Kristien , De Winter Benedicte Y. , van der Lee Johanna H. , Van Hoeck Koen , Ledeganck Kristien J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is an increasing need for suitable tools to evaluate body composition in paediatrics. The Body Composition Monitor (BCM) shows promise as a method, but reference values in children are lacking. Twenty children were included and measured twice by 4 different raters to asses inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of the BCM. Reliability was assessed using the Bland-Altman method and by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The intra-rater ICCs were high (≥ 0.97) for all parameters measured by BCM as were the inter-rater ICCs for all parameters (≥ 0.98) except for overhydration (0.76). Consequently, a study was set up in which BCM measurements were performed in 2058 healthy children aged 3–18.5 years. The age- and gender-specific percentile values and reference curves for body composition (BMI, waist circumference, fat mass and lean tissue mass) and fluid status (extracellular and intracellular water and total body water) relative to age were produced using the GAMLSS method for growth curves.Conclusion:A high reproducibility of BCM measurements was found for fat mass, lean tissue mass, extracellular water and total body water. Reference values for these BCM parameters were calculated in over 2000 children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years.What is Known• The 4-compartment model is regarded as the ‘gold standard’ of body composition methods, but is inappropriate for regular follow-up or screening of large groups, because of associated limitations.• Body Composition Monitor® is an inexpensive field method that has the potential to be an adequate monitoring tool.What is New• Good reproducibility of BCM measurements in children provides evidence to use the device in longitudinal follow-up, multicentre and comparative studies.• Paediatric reference values relative to age and sex for the various compartments of the body are provided.
Large Equilateral Sets in Subspaces of $$\ell _\infty ^n$$ of Small Codimension
Authors: Frankl Nóra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor fixed k we prove exponential lower bounds on the equilateral number of subspaces of $$\ell _{\infty }^n$$

ℓ

∞

n

of codimension k. In particular, we show that subspaces of codimension 2 of $$\ell _{\infty }^{n+2}$$

ℓ

∞

n
+
2

and subspaces of codimension 3 of $$\ell _{\infty }^{n+3}$$

ℓ

∞

n
+
3

have an equilateral set of cardinality $$n+1$$

n
+
1

if $$n\ge 7$$

n
≥
7

and $$n\ge 12$$

n
≥
12

respectively. Moreover, the same is true for every normed space of dimension n, whose unit ball is a centrally symmetric polytope with at most $${4n}/{3}-o(n)$$

4
n

/
3
-
o
(
n
)

pairs of facets.
Negotiation communication revisited
Authors: Schoop Mareike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNegotiators communicate with each other and decide on offers or requests. Whilst the decision side of negotiations has long been a focus of negotiation research, the communication side has not been extensively supported. The current paper revisits the need for a communication perspective in business negotiations and reviews current research on negotiation communication. Both strands of relevant work are then integrated to provide a concept of electronic negotiation communication and to discuss how this concept was implemented in the system Negoisst and thus operationalised.
Transorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base: a systematic literature review and anatomical description
Authors: Vural Alperen , Carobbio Andrea Luigi Camillo , Ferrari Marco , Rampinelli Vittorio , Schreiber Alberto , Mattavelli Davide , Doglietto Francesco , Buffoli Barbara , Rodella Luigi Fabrizio , Taboni Stefano , Tomasoni Michele , Gualtieri Tommaso , Deganello Alberto , Hirtler Lena , Nicolai Piero 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransorbital endoscopic approaches are increasing in popularity as they provide corridors to reach various areas of the ventral skull base through the orbit. They can be used either alone or in combination with different approaches when dealing with the pathologies of the skull base. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the surgical anatomy of transorbital endoscopic approaches by cadaver dissections as well as providing objective clinical data on their actual employment and morbidity through a systematic review of the current literature. Four cadaveric specimens were dissected, and step-by-step dissection of each endoscopic transorbital approach was performed to identify the main anatomic landmarks and corridors. A systematic review with pooled analysis of the current literature from January 2000 to April 2020 was performed and the related studies were analyzed. Main anatomical landmarks are presented based on the anatomical study and systematic review of the literature. With emphasis on the specific transorbital approach used, indications, surgical technique, and complications are reviewed through the systematic review of 42 studies (19 in vivo and 23 anatomical dissections) including 193 patients. In conclusion, transorbital endoscopic approaches are promising and appear as feasible techniques for the surgical treatment of skull base lesions. Surgical anatomy of transorbital endoscopic approaches can be mastered through knowledge of a number of anatomical landmarks. Based on data available in the literature, transorbital endoscopic approaches represent an important complementary that should be included in the armamentarium of a skull base team.
Akute Nierenschädigung bei kardiorenalem Syndrom
Authors: Braun Gerald S. , Kittelmann Katharina , Floege Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz einer akuten Nierenschädigung infolge einer akuten kardialen Insuffizienz ist aufgrund der Altersentwicklung der Bevölkerung und des medizinischen Fortschritts weiter zunehmend. Pathophysiologisch betrachtet wird dieses sog. kardiorenale Syndrom Typ 1 (CRS1) durch die venöse Kongestion sowie begleitende neurohumorale und auch inflammatorische Faktoren getrieben. Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie fußen in erster Linie auf dem Erkennen und der Behandlung der kardialen Problematik einschließlich einer dekongestiven Rekompensation. Für den nephrologischen Gebrauch werden hier die aktuellen Definitionen und Faktoren der akuten Herzinsuffizienz zusammengefasst. Epidemiologie und Pathophysiologie der Nierenschädigung im Rahmen der Herzinsuffizienz werden beschrieben. Praktische Handlungsempfehlungen zur Rekompensationstherapie und deren Monitoring werden anhand des aktuellen Konsensus und der Evidenz gegeben. Dies umfasst auch Mechanismen und Prinzipien der diuretischen Therapie. Der Ausblick behandelt relevante Studien zur aktuellen medikamentösen Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz.
Kompetenzanforderungen an Führungskräfte von agilen Softwareentwicklungsteams
Authors: Anke Sarah , Ringeisen Tobias 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungAuf Basis des Great Eight-Kompetenzrahmens stellt dieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) eine Studie zu den Kompetenzanforderungen an Projektleiter*innen in hochdigitalisierten Arbeitsumgebungen der agilen Softwareentwicklung vor und definiert den zugehörigen Führungserfolg. Es wurden elf Einzelinterviews mit Expert*innen eines internationalen IT-Dienstleisters durchgeführt, die verschiedene Rollen im Kontext der Softwareentwicklung ausfüllten. Die Interviews wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse anhand eines Kategoriensystems computergestützt ausgewertet. Es konnte ein Anforderungsprofil identifiziert werden, das 20 Kompetenzfacetten im Sinne leistungsrelevanter Verhaltensweisen umfasst. Eine bis drei Kompetenzfacetten ließen sich jeweils einer von 12 übergeordneten Kompetenzdimensionen zuordnen, wobei jede Domäne der Great Eight durch mindestens eine Kompetenzdimension repräsentiert war. Die Domänen Leading and Deciding (Motivationsfähigkeit; Mitarbeiterförderung), Interacting and Presenting (Kommunikationsfähigkeit; Konfliktfähigkeit) sowie Analyzing and Interpreting (Kenntnisse IT-Branche; Überblickswissen Softwareentwicklung; agile Arbeitsmethoden) umfassten jeweils zwei bzw. drei Kompetenzdimensionen. Die restlichen fünf Domänen wurden jeweils durch eine Kompetenzdimension abgebildet (Supporting und Cooperating: Teamfähigkeit; Creating and Conceptualizing: Offenheit; Organizing and Executing: Zeit- und Ressourcenmanagement; Adapting and Coping: Proaktiver Umgang mit Fehlern; Enterprising and Performing: Begeisterungsfähigkeit für Softwareentwicklung). Die Domänen Analyzing and Interpreting sowie Enterprising and Performing bilden Kompetenzanforderungen ab, die spezifisch für den Arbeitskontext der agilen Softwareentwicklung sind. Führungserfolg liegt vor, wenn lauffähige Software ressourceneffizient nach Kundenwünschen entwickelt wird und die Teammitglieder gleichzeitig eine hohe Arbeitszufriedenheit berichten. Zusammenfassend lassen sich Kompetenzanforderungen an Projektleiter*innen in digitalisiert und agil agierenden Softwareentwicklerteams anhand der Great Eight konzeptualisieren, wobei das Anforderungsportfolio vier tätigkeitsfeldspezifische und acht kontextunabhängige Kompetenzdimensionen vereint, die sich jeweils anhand relevanter Verhaltensweisen für den Führungsalltag definieren lassen.
Database (Lecture) Streams on the Cloud
Authors: Dittrich Jens , Maltry Marcel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis is an experience report on teaching the undergrad lecture Big Data Engineering at Saarland University in summer term 2020 online. We describe our teaching philosophy, the tools used, what worked and what did not work. As we received extremely positive feedback from the students, we will continue to use the same teaching model for other lectures in the future.
High-Performance Distributed Brillouin Optical Fiber Sensing
Authors: Dong Yongkang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent advances on the high-performance distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing, which include the conventional distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing based on backward stimulated Brillouin scattering and two other novel distributed sensing mechanisms based on Brillouin dynamic grating and forward stimulated Brillouin scattering, respectively. As for the conventional distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing, the spatial resolution has been improved from meter to centimeter in the time-domain scheme and to millimeter in the correlation-domain scheme, respectively; the measurement time has been reduced from minute to millisecond and even to microsecond; the sensing range has reached more than 100 km. Brillouin dynamic grating can be used to measure the birefringence of a polarization-maintaining fiber, which has been explored to realize distributed measurement of temperature, strain, salinity, static pressure, and transverse pressure. More recently, forward stimulated Brillouin scattering has gained considerable interest because of its capacity to detect mechanical features of materials surrounding the optical fiber, and remarkable works using ingenious schemes have managed to realize distributed measurement, which opens a brand-new way to achieve position-resolved substance identification.
Recent Progress in Fiber-Optic Hydrophones
Authors: Meng Zhou , Chen Wei , Wang Jianfei , Hu Xiaoyang , Chen Mo , Zhang Yichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFiber-optic hydrophone (FOH) is a significant type of acoustic sensor, which can be used in both military and civilian fields such as underwater target detection, oil and natural gas prospecting, and earthquake inspection. The recent progress of FOH is introduced from five aspects, including large-scale FOH array, very-low-frequency detection, fiber-optic vector hydrophone (FOVH), towed linear array, and deep-sea and long-haul transmission. The above five aspects indicate the future development trends in the FOH research field, and they also provide a guideline for the practical applications of FOH as well as its array.
Recent Advances in Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (Ф-OTDR)
Authors: Rao Yunjiang , Wang Zinan , Wu Huijuan , Ran Zengling , Han Bing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Ф-OTDR) is an effective way to detect vibrations and acoustic waves with high sensitivity, by interrogating coherent Rayleigh backscattering light in sensing fiber. In particular, fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) based on the Ф-OTDR with phase demodulation has been extensively studied and widely used in intrusion detection, borehole seismic acquisition, structure health monitoring, etc., in recent years, with superior advantages such as long sensing range, fast response speed, wide sensing bandwidth, low operation cost and long service lifetime. Significant advances in research and development (R&D) of Ф-OTDR have been made since 2014. In this review, we present a historical review of Ф-OTDR and then summarize the recent progress of Ф-OTDR in the Fiber Optics Research Center (FORC) at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), which is the first group to carry out R&D of Ф-OTDR and invent ultra-sensitive DAS (uDAS) seismometer in China which is elected as one of the ten most significant technology advances of PetroChina in 2019. It can be seen that the Ф-OTDR/DAS technology is currently under its rapid development stage and would reach its climax in the next 5 years.
Immunosuppression-related neurological disorders in kidney transplantation
Authors: Faravelli Irene , Velardo Daniele , Podestà Manuel Alfredo , Ponticelli Claudio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA large number of neurological disorders can affect renal transplant recipients, potentially leading to disabling or life-threatening complications. Prevention, early diagnosis and appropriate management of these conditions are critical to avoid irreversible lesions. A pivotal role in the pathogenesis of common post-transplant neurological disorders is played by immunosuppressive therapy. The most frequently administered regimen consists of triple immunosuppression, which comprises a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), a purine synthesis inhibitor and glucocorticoids. Some of these immunosuppressive drugs may lead to neurological signs and symptoms through direct neurotoxic effects, and all of them may be responsible for the development of tumors or opportunistic infections. In this review, after a brief summary of neurotoxic pathogenetic mechanisms encompassing recent advances in the field, we focus on the clinical presentation of more common and severe immunosuppression-related neurological complications, classifying them by characteristics of urgency and anatomic site. Our goal is to provide a general framework that addresses such clinical issues with a multidisciplinary approach, as these conditions require.