bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High triglyceride-glucose index is associated with early recurrent ischemic lesion in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Nam Ki-Woong , Kwon Hyung-Min , Lee Yong-Seok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been associated with various metabolic, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. We evaluated the association between the TyG index and early recurrent ischemic lesions (ERILs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We included consecutive patients diagnosed with AIS between 2010 and 2016. ERILs were defined as new diffusion-weighted imaging lesions outside the initial symptomatic lesion area. The TyG index was calculated using the following formula: log scale of fasting triglyceride × fasting glucose/2. A total of 176 patients with AIS were evaluated. In the multivariable analysis, the TyG index remained significant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–5.15). This close correlation between the TyG index and ERIL was pronounced in ERIL-same group (aOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.40–5.78), but not in ERIL-different group. When comparing the relationship between the TyG index and ERIL by stroke mechanisms, only the intracranial- and extracranial-large artery atherosclerosis groups showed significantly higher TyG index values in patients with ERIL than those without. In conclusion, a higher TyG index was associated with ERIL, especially ERIL-same, in patients with AIS. The TyG index appears to be involved in ERIL occurrence by a mechanism related to atherosclerosis.
A prospective study revealing the role of an immune-related eRNA, WAKMAR2, in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Linbang , Liu Jingkun , Tai Jiaojiao , Zhou Nian , Huang Tianji , Xue Yuzhou , Quan Zhengxue 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs that are generated during the transcription of enhancer regions and play an important role in tumourigenesis. In this study, we focused on the crucial eRNAs that participate in immune responses in invasive breast cancer (IBC). We first used The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human enhancer RNA Atlas to screen for tissue-specific eRNAs and their target genes. Through Pearson correlation analysis with immune genes, the eRNA WAKMAR2 was identified as a key candidate involved in IBC. Our further research suggested that WAKMAR2 is crucial in regulating the tumour microenvironment and may function by regulating immune-related genes, including IL27RA, RAC2, FABP7, IGLV1-51, IGHA1, and IGHD. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of WAKMAR2 in IBC and normal tissues, and the effect of WAKMAR2 on the regulation of downstream genes in MB-231 and MCF7 cells was studied in vitro. WAKMAR2 was found to be highly involved in tumour immunity and was downregulated in IBC tissues. Furthermore, the expression of WAKMAR2 and its target genes was observed at the pan-cancer level. This study provides evidence to suggest new potential targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
Eco-friendly stability-indicating RP-HPTLC method for sildenafil analysis, characterization and biological evaluation of its oxidized stress degradation product
Authors: Abdel-Kader Maged S. , Alam Prawez , Soliman Gamal A. , Al-Shdefat Ramadan , Afzal Obaid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA feasible and cost effective reverse-phase high-performance thin layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) based method was developed for the quantification of sildenafil (SLD) using eco-friendly EtOH:H2O (9.5:0.5 v/v) as mobile phase. SLD was subjected to stress conditions according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The drug undergoes significant structural changes under oxidative stress condition to the N-oxide derivative. The oxidation product Sildenafil N-oxide (SDL N-oxide) designated in the European Pharmacopeia (EP) as impurity B was characterized utilizing 1D- and 2D-NMR as well as High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy. The aphrodisiac potency of SDL N-oxide in comparison with SLD was evaluated in vivo using rats as experimental animal model. The evaluation based on the following parameters: mount, intromission and ejaculation latencies (ML, IL and EL, respectively), mounting and intromission frequencies (MF and IF, respectively), and postejaculatory interval (PEI). SLD N-oxide expressed similar aphrodisiac effect to SLD but with less potency. Molecular docking of SDL N-oxide along with the parent drug SLD, indicated a strong binding affinity and similar binding pattern within the active site of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). However, the docking score of SLD N-oxide was slightly lower as compared to SLD in agreement with the biological study findings.
Concomitant autoimmunity may be a predictor of more severe stages of endometriosis
Authors: Vanni Valeria Stella , Villanacci Roberta , Salmeri Noemi , Papaleo Enrico , Delprato Diana , Ottolina Jessica , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Ferrari Stefano , Viganò Paola , Candiani Massimo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPathogenesis of endometriosis is still unclear and a role of both innate and adaptive immune system has been postulated. Some recent findings have revealed an increased risk to have concomitant autoimmune disease in women with endometriosis, but no study so far has investigated whether this association could affect endometriosis severity and stage. We retrospectively reviewed medical patients’ notes of women with a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis who referred to our endometriosis outpatient clinic between January 2015 and December 2019. Cases (endometriosis and an autoimmune disease) were matched in a 1:3 ratio by age and study period with controls (endometriosis without history of autoimmunity). At univariate logistic analysis, concomitant autoimmunity (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.64–4.21, p < 0.001) and the number of laparoscopic procedures performed (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.45–5.43, p = 0.002) emerged as factors significantly associated with the likelihood of stage IV endometriosis. In the multivariate logistic regression model, concomitant autoimmunity remained a significant predictor of stage IV endometriosis (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.57–4.10, p = 0.004), whereas the association between the number of laparoscopic procedures performed and stage IV endometriosis was found to be of borderline-significance (OR 2.70, 95% 1.37–5.30, p = 0.050). Our findings suggest that endometriosis is more severe in patients who are also affected by autoimmune disturbances after controlling for relevant confounders.
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on stroke and its subtypes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsai Wen-Hsuan , Chuang Shih-Ming , Liu Sung-Chen , Lee Chun-Chuan , Chien Ming-Nan , Leung Ching-Hsiang , Liu Shu-Jung , Shih Hong-Mou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown impressive effects in reducing major vascular events in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the risk of stroke and its subtypes. All data from prospective RCTs up to 20 October 2020 involving SGLT2 inhibitors that reported stroke events as the primary endpoint or safety in subjects with type 2 diabetes were subjected to meta-analysis. Five eligible RCTs (EMPA-REG, CANVAS, DECLARE-TIMI 58, CREDENCE and VERTIS CV) involving 46,969 participants were included. Pooled analysis of the RCTs showed no significant effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on total stroke [risk ratio (RR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.13, P = 0.585]. Subgroup analysis indicated that SGLT2 inhibitors had no significant effect against fatal stroke, non-fatal stroke, ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. When only hemorrhagic stroke was included, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significant 50% reduction compared with placebo (RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.82, P = 0.007). This meta-analysis shows that SGLT2 inhibitors have a neutral effect on the risk of stroke and its subtypes but a potential protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke.
Impact of Amerind ancestry and FADS genetic variation on omega-3 deficiency and cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic populations
Authors: Yang Chaojie , Hallmark Brian , Chai Jin Choul , O’Connor Timothy D. , Reynolds Lindsay M. , Wood Alexis C. , Seeds Michael , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Steffen Lyn M. , Tsai Michael Y. , Kaplan Robert C. , Daviglus Martha L. , Mandarino Lawrence J. , Fretts Amanda M. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Coletta Dawn K. , Blomquist Sarah A. , Johnstone Laurel M. , Tontsch Chandra , Qi Qibin , Ruczinski Ingo , Rich Stephen S. , Mathias Rasika A. , Chilton Floyd H. , Manichaikul Ani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLong chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have critical signaling roles that regulate dyslipidemia and inflammation. Genetic variation in the FADS gene cluster accounts for a large portion of interindividual differences in circulating and tissue levels of LC-PUFAs, with the genotypes most strongly predictive of low LC-PUFA levels at strikingly higher frequencies in Amerind ancestry populations. In this study, we examined relationships between genetic ancestry and FADS variation in 1102 Hispanic American participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We demonstrate strong negative associations between Amerind genetic ancestry and LC-PUFA levels. The FADS rs174537 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) accounted for much of the AI ancestry effect on LC-PUFAs, especially for low levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs. Rs174537 was also strongly associated with several metabolic, inflammatory and anthropomorphic traits including circulating triglycerides (TGs) and E-selectin in MESA Hispanics. Our study demonstrates that Amerind ancestry provides a useful and readily available tool to identify individuals most likely to have FADS-related n-3 LC-PUFA deficiencies and associated cardiovascular risk.
Ultrasonically assisted conversion of uranium trioxide into uranium(vi) intrinsic colloids
Authors: Cot-Auriol Manon , Virot Matthieu , Micheau Cyril , Dumas Thomas , Le Goff Xavier , Den Auwer Christophe , Diat Olivier , Moisy Philippe , Nikitenko Sergey I. 
Published: July 2021

20 kHz sonication of amorphous and crystalline UO3 powder in pure water under Ar/(10%)CO atmosphere yields intrinsic uranium(vi) colloids exhibiting a schoepite-like crystallographic structure.
Constraining the magnetic vector in the quiet solar photosphere and the impact of instrumental degradation
Authors: Campbell R. J. , Shelyag S. , Quintero Noda C. , Mathioudakis M. , Keys P. H. , Reid A. 
Published: July 2021

Context. With the advent of next generation high resolution telescopes, our understanding of how the magnetic field is organized in the internetwork (IN) photosphere is likely to advance significantly.
Aims. We aim to evaluate the extent to which we can retrieve accurate information about the magnetic vector in the IN photosphere using inversion techniques.
Methods. We use a snapshot produced from high resolution three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations and employ the Stokes Inversions based on Response functions (SIR) code to produce synthetic observables in the same near infrared spectral window as observed by the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS), which contains the highly magnetically sensitive photospheric Fe I line pair at 15 648.52 Å and 15 652.87 Å. We then use a parallelized wrapper to SIR to perform nearly 14 million inversions of the synthetic spectra to test how well the ‘true’ MHD atmospheric parameters can be constrained statistically. Finally, we degrade the synthetic Stokes vector spectrally and spatially to GREGOR resolutions and examine how this influences real observations, considering the impact of stray light, spatial resolution and signal-to-noise (S/N) in particular.
Results. We find that the depth-averaged parameters can be recovered by the inversions of the undegraded profiles, and by adding simple gradients to magnetic field strength, inclination, and line of sight velocity we show that an improvement in the χ2 value is achieved. We also evaluate the extent to which we can constrain these parameters at various optical depths, with the kinematic and thermodynamic parameters sensitive deeper in the atmosphere than the magnetic parameters. We find the S/N and spatial resolution both play a significant role in determining how the degraded atmosphere appears. At the same time, we find that the magnetic and kinematic parameters are invariant upon inclusion of an unpolarized stray light. We compare our results to recent IN observations obtained by GREGOR. We studied a linear polarization feature which resembles those recently observed by GRIS in terms of appearing as ‘loop-like’ structures and exhibiting very similar magnetic flux density. Thus, we demonstrate that realistic MHD simulations are capable of showing close agreement with real observations, and the symbiosis between them and observations continues to prove essential. We finally discuss the considerations that must be made for DKIST-era observations.
Sr and Ba abundances: Comparing machine-learning with star-by-star analyses
Authors: Karinkuzhi D. , Van Eck S. , Jorissen A. , Escorza A. , Shetye S. , Merle T. , Siess L. , Goriely S. , Van Winckel H. 
Published: July 2021

Context. A new large sample of 895 s-process-rich candidates out of 454 180 giant stars surveyed by LAMOST at a low spectral resolution (R ~ 1800) has been reported by Norfolk et al. (2019, MNRAS, 490, 2219; hereafter N19).
Aims. This study is aimed at confirming the s-process enrichment at the higher resolution (R ~ 86 000) offered by the HERMES-Mercator spectrograph for the 15 brightest targets of the N19 sample, which consists of 13 Sr-only stars and two Ba-only stars (designating stars with only the Sr or only Ba lines strengthened).
Methods. Abundances were derived for elements Li, C (including the 12C/13C isotopic ratio), N, O, Na, Mg, Fe, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, and Ce, using the TURBOSPECTRUM radiative transfer LTE code with MARCS model atmospheres. Binarity has been tested by comparing the Gaia DR2 radial velocity (epoch 2015.5) with the HERMES velocity obtained 1600–1800 days (about 4.5 yr) later.
Results. Among the 15 programme stars, 4 show no s-process overabundances ([X/Fe] < 0.2 dex), 8 show mild s-process overabundances (at least three heavy elements with 0.2 < [X∕Fe] < 0.8), and 3 have strong overabundances (at least three heavy elements with [X/Fe] ≥ 0.8). Among the 13 stars classified as Sr-only by the previous investigation, 4 have no s-process overabundances, 8 are mild barium stars, and 1 is a strong barium star. The two Ba-only stars turn out to be both strong barium stars. Especially noteworthy is the fact that these two are actually dwarf barium stars. Two among the three strong barium stars show clear evidence in support of their binary character, as expected for objects produced through mass-transfer. The results for the no s-process and mild barium stars are more surprising; namely, among the no-s stars, there are two binaries out of four, whereas only one out the eight diagnosed mild barium stars shows a clear signature of radial-velocity variations.
Conclusions. Blending effects and saturated lines have to be considered very carefully when using machine-learning techniques, especially when applied to low-resolution spectra. Among the Sr-only stars from the previous study sample, about 60% (8/13) of them can be expected to be true mild barium stars and about 8% to be strong barium stars; this fraction is likely close to 100% for the N19 Ba-only stars (2/2). Therefore, we recommend to limit the sample to N19 Ba-only stars when one needs an unpolluted sample of mass-transfer (i.e., extrinsic) objects.
Endovenöse Behandlung beim Crossenrezidiv: Technik, Limits und Übersicht zur vorhandenen Literatur
Authors: Müller Lars , Alm Jens 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die endovaskuläre Behandlung mittels Lasertechniken oder Radiofrequenz zur Primärbehandlung der Varikose ist weit etabliert und durch umfangreiche Literatur und Leitlinienempfehlungen fundiert. Demgegenüber existiert nur eine geringe Zahl publizierter Studien zur endovenösen Behandlungsform beim Rezidiv.
Methoden In dieser Arbeit wird zunächst diese vorhandene Literatur analysiert. Im Anschluss werden eigene Erfahrungen und Techniken zur endovaskulären Rezidivbehandlung präsentiert und mögliche Limitationen der Methode diskutiert.
Ergebnisse In einer PubMed-Recherche wurden 7 relevante Arbeiten zu Beobachtungsstudien gefunden. In einer Arbeit wurden die Ergebnisse einer prospektiv-randomisierten Studie zum Vergleich Radiofrequenz versus Operation dargestellt. In den meisten publizierten Studien erfolgte eine Fallselektion, wobei das Vorhandensein eines längeren Stammvenensegments Voraussetzung für eine thermische Ablation darstellte. Die Ergebnisse bezüglich Morbidität und Verschlussraten sind günstig, Langzeitdaten fehlen allerdings. In der eigenen Praxis werden regelmäßig Crossenrezidive endovenös therapiert, hauptsächlich mit den aktuellsten radialen Lasern. Es werden dabei auch solche Befunde behandelt, die keinen oder nur kurzstreckig einen geraden Venenverlauf aufweisen, zum Beispiel Crossenstümpfe oder Neovaskularisationen, die einer thermischen Behandlung zugänglich sind. Technische Hilfsmittel, die eine effektive Ablation eines Rezidivs in den meisten Fällen ermöglichen, werden in dieser Arbeit dargestellt. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die direkte Punktion eines Crossenstumpfes oder kürzerer Venensegmente sowie das Auffädeln im Rahmen der Punktion von gewundenen Venensegmenten. Zu diskutieren sind anatomische Konstellationen, in denen eine endovenöse thermische Ablation eventuell nicht die Methode der ersten Wahl darstellt. Beispiele hierfür sind extrem gewundene, stark dilatierte Venenabschnitte oder aber sehr diffuse, kleinkalibrige Neovaskularisationen.
Schlussfolgerung Zusammengefasst erscheint die endovenöse thermische Ablation bei der Rezidivvarikose als eine effektive Behandlungsmethode, die auch bei anatomisch herausfordernden Situationen mit kurzem Crossenstumpf und gewundenen Venenverläufen funktioniert. Eine breiter aufgelegte Begleitforschung wäre allerdings wünschenswert.
Willkommen in Deutschland
Authors: Herlach Stephanie 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie internationale Anwerbung von Pflegekräften gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, um dem hiesigen Pflegekräftemangel entgegenzuwirken. Dabei ist nicht nur fundiertes Hintergrundwissen über den Ablauf des Anerkennungsverfahrens, sondern auch die personelle und organisatorische Betreuung bedeutend.
Ich hab mich gefreut wie ein Erwachsener
Authors: Hertlein Margit 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEigentlich heißt es „sich freuen wie ein Kind“. Das vergessen wir Erwachsenen ab und an und freuen uns … na ja, etwas verhaltener, eben wie Erwachsene. Ein bisschen mehr Enthusiasmus und spielerische Freude würden dem einen oder anderen von uns gut zu Gesichte stehen.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2-(2-Amino-2-phenylethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic Acid: A Microwave-Assisted 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Approach
Authors: Denton Richard W. , Urquilla Andromeda , Merrer Dina C. , Sumner Ryan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe microwave-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of furanyl and benzyl oximes and several methyl acrylates effectively provided several isoxazoline when mediated by diacetoxyiodobenzene. The selected isoxazoline, methyl-5-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro isoxazole-5-carboxylate, was rapidly transformed to the γ-lactone carboxylic acid, 2-(2-amino-2-phenylethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid, in reasonable yield. The biological activity of this γ-lactone carboxylic acid increased the growth of E. coli organisms by about 44% and has a potential significance in stem cell research.
Identifying Opportunities for Workflow Automation in Health Care: Lessons Learned from Other Industries
Authors: Zayas-Cabán Teresa , Haque Saira Naim , Kemper Nicole 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground Workflow automation, which involves identifying sequences of tasks that can be streamlined by using technology and modern computing, offers opportunities to address the United States health care system's challenges with quality, safety, and efficiency. Other industries have successfully implemented workflow automation to address these concerns, and lessons learned from those experiences may inform its application in health care.Objective Our aim was to identify and synthesize (1) current approaches in workflow automation across industries, (2) opportunities for applying workflow automation in health care, and (3) considerations for designing and implementing workflow automation that may be relevant to health care.Methods We conducted a targeted review of peer-reviewed and gray literature on automation approaches. We identified relevant databases and terms to conduct the searches across sources and reviewed abstracts to identify 123 relevant articles across 11 disciplines.Results Workflow automation is used across industries such as finance, manufacturing, and travel to increase efficiency, productivity, and quality. We found automation ranged from low to full automation, and this variation was associated with task and technology characteristics. The level of automation is linked to how well a task is defined, whether a task is repetitive, the degree of human intervention and decision-making required, and the sophistication of available technology. We found that identifying automation goals and assessing whether those goals were reached was critical, and ongoing monitoring and improvement would help to ensure successful automation.Conclusion Use of workflow automation in other industries can inform automating health care workflows by considering the critical role of people, process, and technology in design, testing, implementation, use, and ongoing monitoring of automated workflows. Insights gained from other industries will inform an interdisciplinary effort by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology to outline priorities for advancing health care workflow automation.
Treatment Recommendations for Suspected Scapholunate Ligament Pathology
Authors: Bakker Daniel , Kortlever Joost T.P. , Kraan Gerald A. , Mathijssen Nina , Colaris Joost W. , Ring David ,   The Science of Variation Group
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The diagnosis and treatment of scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) pathology is debated and notably variable. This study assessed the influence of diagnostic arthroscopy on treatment recommendations and the interobserver reliability of the arthroscopic classification of SLIL pathology.
Methods The influence of diagnostic arthroscopy on treatment recommendations and the reliability of the arthroscopic classification of SLIL pathology were tested in a survey-based experiment. Seventy-seven surgeons evaluated 16 scenarios of people with wrist pain with variation in symptoms, scaphoid shift, time of symptom onset, and MRI appearance of the SLIL. Participants were randomized to view or not to view diagnostic wrist arthroscopy. Factors associated with recommendation for repair, capsulodesis, or tenodesis were analyzed.
Results Viewing arthroscopic videos was associated with both offering surgery and a more reconstructive option. Other factors independently associated with recommendation for surgery included greater pain intensity and activity intolerance, women surgeons, an asymmetric scaphoid shift, and a recent onset of symptoms. The interobserver reliability of SLIL classification was slight.
Conclusions Diagnostic arthroscopy leads to more surgery, and more invasive surgery, in spite of unreliable assessment of pathology.
Clinical Relevance This points to the need to measure the potential benefits and harms of diagnostic wrist arthroscopy among people with wrist pain and no clear diagnosis on interview, examination, and radiographs.
Level of Evidence Not applicable.