bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing electronic clinical data to report adult and prenatal immunization quality measures
Authors: Byron Sepheen C , Roth Lindsey , Acton Ryan M , Shen Angela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the use of health plan quality measures specified for electronic clinical data to monitor immunizations.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 2018 data submitted by health plans reporting 2 new Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set measures assessing receipt of clinically recommended vaccines among pregnant women and adults. We analyzed the number of plans reporting a valid performance rate and electronic data source used. We consulted expert panels and reviewed coverage rates from other sources to understand the results.ResultsWe received 136 data submissions across commercial, Medicaid and Medicare plans and 87 submissions across commercial and Medicaid plans for the adult and prenatal immunization measures, respectively. These submissions represent approximately 15% of possible submissions. Plans used claims, registries and electronic health records. Mean performance rates for adult immunizations were 21.2 (commercial), 14.0 (Medicaid) and 19.5% (Medicare). Mean rates for prenatal immunizations were 33.1 (commercial) and 16.7% (Medicaid).DiscussionResults from the first year of reporting 2 electronic clinical data measures suggest health plans can feasibly report these measures and are seeking electronic data to supplement claims. Comparison of rates to other national results showed lower than expected rates for the adult immunization measure. However, prenatal immunization rates were on par with those from a national survey, suggesting this measure is closer to use for quality improvement.ConclusionQuality measure reporting that encourages connection to electronic data sources is a step forward in performance monitoring and improvement. The use of electronic sources may advance health information exchange for patient care.
Late-onset capsular bag distention syndrome resistant to laser treatment: a case report
Authors: Almousa Khalid Saad , Refka Mohammed Nabeel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Capsular bag distention syndrome (CBDS) or capsular block syndrome is a rare complication of cataract surgery. Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser usually is effective treatment for CBDS. Rarely, surgical intervention is required in resistant cases (as in our case). Herein, we present the case of a 58-year-old male who presented to us with this condition.
Neighbourhood semantics and labelled calculus for intuitionistic infinitary logic
Authors: Tesi Matteo , Negri Sara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neighbourhood semantics for intuitionistic logic extended with countable conjunctions and disjunctions is introduced and shown equivalent to topological semantics, with an indirect completeness proof as payoff. The new semantics is used to obtain a labelled sequent calculus with good structural properties. In particular, admissibility of weakening and contraction, invertibility with preservation of height for each rule and cut elimination are shown. Finally, a direct Tait–Schütte–Takeuti style form of completeness via the extraction of a countermodel from a failed proof search is proved.
The relationship between gas and galaxies at z &lt; 1 using the Q0107 quasar triplet
Authors: Beckett Alexander , Morris Simon L , Fumagalli Michele , Bielby Rich , Tejos Nicolas , Schaye Joop , Jannuzi Buell , Cantalupo Sebastiano 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the distribution and dynamics of the circumgalactic and intergalactic medium using a dense galaxy survey covering the field around the Q0107 system, a unique z ≈ 1 projected quasar triplet. With full Ly α coverage along all three lines-of-sight from z = 0.18 to z = 0.73, more than 1200 galaxy spectra, and two MUSE fields, we examine the structure of the gas around galaxies on 100–1000 kpc scales. We search for H i absorption systems occurring at the same redshift (within 500 km s−1) in multiple sightlines, finding with &gt;99.9 per cent significance that these systems are more frequent in the observed quasar spectra than in a randomly distributed population of absorbers. This is driven primarily by absorption with column densities N(H i) &gt; 1014 cm−2, whilst multi-sightline absorbers with lower column densities are consistent with a random distribution. Star-forming galaxies are more likely to be associated with multi-sightline absorption than quiescent galaxies. HST imaging provides inclinations and position angles for a subset of these galaxies. We observe a bimodality in the position angle of detected galaxy-absorber pairs, again driven mostly by high-column-density absorbers, with absorption preferentially along the major and minor axes of galaxies out to impact parameters of several hundred kpc. We find some evidence supporting a disc/outflow dichotomy, as H i absorbers near the projected major axis of a galaxy show line-of-sight velocities that tend to align with the rotation of that galaxy, whilst minor-axis absorbers are twice as likely to exhibit O vi at the same redshift.
The correct sense of Faraday rotation
Authors: Ferrière K , West J L , Jaffe T R 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The phenomenon of Faraday rotation of linearly polarized synchrotron emission in a magneto-ionized medium has been understood and studied for decades. But since the sense of the rotation itself is irrelevant in most contexts, some uncertainty and inconsistencies have arisen in the literature about this detail. Here, we start from basic plasma theory to describe the propagation of polarized emission from a background radio source through a magnetized, ionized medium in order to re-derive the correct sense of Faraday rotation. We present simple graphics to illustrate the decomposition of a linearly polarized wave into right and left circularly polarized modes, the temporal and spatial propagation of the phases of those modes, and the resulting physical rotation of the polarization orientation. We then re-examine the case of a medium that both Faraday rotates and emits polarized radiation and show how a helical magnetic field can construct or destruct the Faraday rotation. This paper aims to resolve a source of confusion that has arisen between the plasma physics and radio astronomy communities and to help avoid common pitfalls when working with this unintuitive phenomenon.
Studying the interstellar medium to look for relics of triggered star formation among stellar clusters
Authors: Paron S , Granada A , Areal M B 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Evidence of triggered star formation at large spatial scales involving stellar clusters is scarce. We investigate a Galactic region (l = 130${_{.}^{\circ}}$0, b = 0${_{.}^{\circ}}$35) populated by several open stellar clusters that according to the last Gaia data release, are located at a distance of about 2.9 kpc. By analysing the interstellar medium (ISM) at infrared, centimeter, and millimeter wavelengths towards this group of clusters we discovered a shell of material of about 2° in size at the same distance. We suggest that the shell, mainly observed at 12 μm and in the H i emission at 21 cm, was generated by the action of massive stars belonging to clusters Berkeley 7 and UBC 414, which lie at its centre. Five clusters (MWSC0152, Czernik 6, Czernik 7, Berkeley 6, NGC 663, and NGC 654) lie at the border of this shell. From the comparison between the dynamical time of the discovered H i shell and the analysis of the ages of stellar populations in these clusters, we conclude that the expansion of the shell could have triggered in the past the formation of stars in some of them. We point out that in order to find physical evidence supporting a genetic connection between stellar clusters, it is necessary not only to study the individual clusters and their stellar populations, but also to investigate their surrounding ISM at a large spatial scale.
Data reduction and calibration accuracy of the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer SITELLE
Authors: Martin T , Drissen L , Prunet S 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
SITELLE, an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer, is part of the Canada–France–Hawaii instrument suite. It delivers spectral cubes covering an 11 arcmin × 11 arcmin field of view with a seeing-limited spatial resolution and a tunable spectral resolution (R ∼ 1–10 000) in selected bands of the visible range (350–900 nm). We present a complete picture of the calibration accuracy obtained with the SITELLE processing pipeline ORBS. We put a particular emphasis on the description of our phase correction method and on the assessment of the flux calibration precision. We show that the absolute flux calibration uncertainty is to be considered between −15  per cent and 5  per cent. Flexure in the instrument is likely responsible for a wavelength calibration error gradient across the field of view, with an amplitude corresponding to 15 to 25 km s−1; measurements of the night-sky emission lines when present in a science cube reduces this error to ∼2 km s−1. The astrometric calibration is limited to ∼1 arcsec by the optical distortions. Considering that imaging Fourier transform spectrometers are not as widely used as dispersive spectrometers and because SITELLE and its prototype are the first instruments of their kind to provide data in the near-UV at a high spectral resolution and over a very large field of view, we took great care in explaining most of the core concepts behind this technique as well as exploring all the practical limitations that affect the precision of our calibrations. As such, this paper aims at providing a solid ground for subsequent developments of imaging Fourier transform spectrometers in astronomy.
Impact of the ERF on the structure and evolution of SNRs
Authors: Romero M , Ascasibar Y , Palouš J , Wünsch R , Mollá M 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We carry out 1D hydrodynamical simulations of the evolution of a spherically symmetric supernova remnant (SNR) subject to an external radiation field (ERF) that influences the cooling and heating rates of the gas. We consider homogeneous media with ambient hydrogen number densities nH, 0 of 0.1 and 1 cm−3 permeated by an average radiation field including the cosmic microwave, extragalactic, and Galactic backgrounds, attenuated by an effective column density NH, eff from 1018 to 1021 cm−2. Our results may be classified into two broad categories: at low NH, eff, the ERF presents little absorption in the ultraviolet (ionizing) regime, and all the ’unshielded’ cases feature an equilibrium temperature Teq ∼ 7000 K below which the ambient gas cannot cool further. In this scenario, the SNR develops a nearly isothermal shock profile whose shell becomes thicker over time. At higher NH, eff, the ERF is heavily absorbed in the UV range, yielding a roughly constant heating function for temperatures ≲ 104 K. These ‘shielded’ cases develop a thin, cold and dense shell throughout their evolution. Energy and momentum injection to the medium do not change significantly between both scenarios, albeit luminosity is higher and more uniformly distributed over the shell for unshielded SNR.
AGN jet feedback on a moving mesh: gentle cluster heating by weak shocks and lobe disruption
Authors: Bourne Martin A , Sijacki Debora 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
While there is overwhelming observational evidence of active galactic nuclei (AGN)-driven jets in galaxy clusters and groups, if and how the jet energy is delivered to the ambient medium remains unanswered. Here, we perform very high-resolution AGN jet simulations within a live, cosmologically evolved cluster with the moving mesh code arepo. We find that mock X-ray and radio lobe properties are in good agreement with observations with different power jets transitioning from FR-I to FR-II-like morphologies. During the lobe inflation phase, heating by both internal and bow shocks contributes to lobe energetics, and ∼40 per cent of the feedback energy goes into the PdV work done by the expanding lobes. Low power jets are more likely to simply displace gas during lobe inflation, but higher power jets become more effective at driving shocks and heating the intracluster medium (ICM), although shocks rarely exceed $\mathcal {M}\sim 2-3$. Once the lobe inflation phase ceases, cluster weather significantly impacts the lobe evolution. Lower power jet lobes are more readily disrupted and mixed with the ICM, depositing up to ∼70 per cent of the injected energy; however, ultimately the equivalent of $\lower.5ex\hbox{$\,\, \buildrel\gt \over \sim \,\,$}50$ per cent of the feedback energy ends up as potential energy of the system. Even though the mean ICM entropy is increased up to 80 Myr after the jets switch off, AGN heating is gentle, inducing no large variations in cluster radial profiles in accord with observations.
Renal denervation in patients with versus without chronic kidney disease: results from the Global SYMPLICITY Registry with follow-up data of 3 years
Authors: Ott Christian , Mahfoud Felix , Mancia Giuseppe , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Ruilope Luis M , Fahy Martin , Schlaich Markus P , Böhm Michael , Schmieder Roland E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Activity of the sympathetic nervous system is increased in patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we compare short- and long-term blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of renal denervation (RDN) between hypertensive patients with or without CKD in the Global SYMPLICITY Registry.

Methods
Office and 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP) were assessed at prespecified time points after RDN. The presence of CKD was defined according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and enrolled patients were stratified based on the presence (n = 475, eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or absence (n = 1505, eGFR ≥60mL/min/1.73 m2) of CKD.

Results
Patients with CKD were older (P &lt; 0.001) and were prescribed more antihypertensive medications (P &lt; 0.001). eGFR decline per year was not significantly different between groups after the first year. Office and 24-h ABP were significantly reduced from baseline at all time points after RDN in both groups (all P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for baseline data, patients without CKD had a greater reduction in office systolic BP (−17.3 ± 28.3 versus −11.7 ± 29.9 mmHg; P = 0.009) but not diastolic BP at 36 months compared with those with CKD. Similar BP and eGFR results were found when the analysis was limited to patients with both baseline and 36-month BP data available. There was no difference in the safety profile of the RDN procedure between groups.

Conclusions
After adjusting for baseline data, 24-h systolic and diastolic ABP reduction were similar in patients with and without CKD after RDN, whereas office systolic but not diastolic BP was reduced less in patients with CKD. We conclude that RDN is an effective antihypertensive treatment option in CKD patients.
Increasing Cannabis Use Is Associated With Poorer Cigarette Smoking Cessation Outcomes: Findings From the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys, 2016–2018
Authors: Driezen Pete , Gravely Shannon , Wadsworth Elle , Smith Danielle M , Loewen Ruth , Hammond David , Li Lin , Abramovici Hanan , McNeill Ann , Borland Ron , Cummings K Michael , Thompson Mary E , Fong Geoffrey T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Concurrent use of tobacco and cannabis may impede successful cigarette smoking cessation. This study examined whether changes in cannabis use frequency were associated with smoking cessation.

Aims and Methods
Nationally representative samples of adult cigarette smokers from Canada (n = 1455), the United States (n = 892), England (n = 1416), and Australia (n = 717) were surveyed in 2016 and 2018. In each year, smokers reported how often they used cannabis in the previous 12 months. Reports were compared to determine whether cannabis use increased, remained unchanged, or decreased. Smoking cessation outcomes, measured in 2018, were (1) any attempt to quit in the previous year, (2) currently quit, and (3) currently quit for at least 6 months. Weighted multivariable logistic regression estimated the association between changes in cannabis use and cessation outcomes.

Results
Cigarette smokers who increased their frequency of cannabis use were significantly less likely to be currently quit than noncannabis-using smokers (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31% to 0.86%); they were also less likely to have quit for at least 6 months (aOR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.15% to 0.62%).

Conclusions
Smokers who increase their frequency of cannabis use have poorer smoking cessation outcomes compared to noncannabis-using smokers. It will be important to monitor the impact of cannabis legalization on patterns of cannabis use, and whether this influences cigarette smoking cessation rates.

Implications
Cigarette smokers who start using cannabis may be less likely to quit cigarettes compared with smokers who do not use cannabis at all. If smokers who also use cannabis are more likely to continue smoking, it is important to monitor these trends and understand the impact, if any, on smoking cessation in jurisdictions that have legalized cannabis for nonmedical use.
Complementary Medicine Use in Patients with Low Back or Neck Pain: Results of the 2017 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Koch Anna K , Cramer Holger 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM), including mind–body medicine (MBM), is a treatment option that has been proved to alleviate symptoms in patients with low back and neck pain.

Methods
Data from the National Center for Health Statistics’ National Health Interview Survey 2017 were used to examine prevalence and predictors of MBM use and consultation of CIM practitioners among patients with low back and neck pain in the American adult population.

Results
A weighted total of 81,671,436 participants (33.1%) reported low back and neck pain. Of those, more participants used mantra meditation, mindfulness meditation, spiritual meditation, guided imagery, and progressive relaxation than did participants without low back and neck pain (all P &lt; 0.001). Spiritual meditation was the most popular (12.6%), followed by mindfulness meditation (6.9%) and progressive relaxation (5.4%). Participants with low back and neck pain consulted practitioners of CIM more often than did those without low back and neck pain (P &lt; 0.001). MBM use was predicted by being female, having a higher educational level, being employed, and living in the Western United States. Consultation of practitioners of CIM was predicted by younger age, being female, not being married or living with a partner, having a higher educational level, being employed, living in the Western United States, and being uninsured.

Conclusions
MBM is a popular treatment option for people with low back and neck pain. Practitioners of CIM are also being sought out by people with such complaints. Further research in this direction is relevant.
Arabidopsis thaliana: A Unique and Powerful Model for Genomic Mutation Accumulation and Chromothripsis
Authors: Fernandes Nancy Lynn , Singh Subha 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study is to increase our understanding of mutation accumulation in multicellular genomes with deficiencies in the DNA damage response regulators employing the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. We compare and quantify genomic mutations between wild‐type cells and cells defective in global regulator ATR of the DNA damage response mechanism. We have established mutation accumulation (MA) lines for whole genome mutation analysis. Assembly and analysis of the MA line genomes show a spectrum of genome rearrangements as compared to point mutations. Defects in ATR and related repair pathways generate a unique spectrum of mutational events that can be used to predict similar genomic deficiencies in other organisms. A combination of bioinformatics, genomic analysis and a model organism that tolerates mutation accumulation of DNA damage response genes sheds light on how global regulators of the DNA damage response affect overall genomic stability and how defects in these genes contribute to genomic instability. Understanding how global regulators of the DNA damage response affect genomic stability in healthy human cells and how defects in these genes contribute to genomic instability seen in cancer cells requires the knowledge of how and why specific mutation occurs. This study bridges a critical gap in knowledge, how genomes of multicellular organisms respond to genome instability when essential genes involved in the DNA repair pathway are mutated.Support or Funding InformationNational Science Foundation
“Effects of Antisense Oligonucleotide Treatment on Photoreceptor Function in a mouse Model of Usher Syndrome”
Authors: Franceschini Fran Alberto , Amato Russell , Rigo Frank , Hastings Michelle , Lentz Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common cause of inherited deaf‐blindness. Depending on the type (I, II, or III), hearing impairment and vestibular dysfunction can be variable, but all Usher patients exhibit a progressive loss of vision due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) is responsible for 35 – 45% of all Usher cases and is characterized by severe to profound hearing impairment and vestibular dysfunction at birth, as well as, the development of RP in early adolescence. 6–8% of USH1 are caused by mutations in the USH1C gene, which encodes the protein Harmonin. Harmonin has been shown to play an important role in the development and function of auditory hair cells in the cochlea; however, its role in the retina is unknown. Our lab has produced a knock‐in mouse model containing the human USH1C c.216G>A splicing mutation (216A) responsible for USH1 in Acadian patients of south Louisiana. These mice have profound hearing impairment, vestibular dysfunction, loss of visual function and slow retinal degeneration similar to patients. Recently, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting the 216A mutation in these mice have been shown to enhance correct Ush1c gene and Harmonin protein expression, and be efficacious in rescuing hearing and vestibular function when administered by intraperitoneal injection (systemic). However, only marginal improvement in visual function was observed; possibly due to an insufficient concentration of the ASO in the eye. The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual function after an intravitreal (local) ASO treatment.Rod and cone photoreceptor function was evaluated by scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG) analysis, respectively, in ASO‐treated 216AA mutant and littermate control mice. An increase in scotopic a‐wave amplitude was observed within 3 months of ASO treatment in 216A mutant mice compared with control littermates, indicating an early improvement in rod function. This improvement was observed when the mice were treated at 1, 3 or 6 months of age, suggesting a large temporal window for successful intervention between adolescence and adulthood. An analysis of photopic ERGs showed no differences in untreated 216AA mutant and control littermates, suggesting cone function is not affected in early stages of disease. These data demonstrate the potential of ASOs for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa associated with Usher syndrome.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by grant #1359140 through the National Science Foundation