bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exchange quality in teacher leadership ties: examining relational quality using social network and leader-member exchange theories
Authors: Comstock Meghan , Supovitz Jonathan , Kaul Maya 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study examines the relational dynamics between teachers and formal teacher leaders (TLs). We examine the association between relationship structure and leader-member exchange (LMX) quality and the extent to which LMX mediates the relationship between social network (SN) measures of dyadic relationships and TL influence.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data from 1,895 teacher-TL relationships, we employ path mediation analysis using hierarchical linear modeling.FindingsOur results indicate that voluntary advice-seeking and multiplex ties are associated with stronger exchange quality between teachers and TLs. In addition, LMX partially mediates the relationship between voluntary ties and TL influence.Originality/valueSN and LMX theories offer two complementary lenses for studying relational dynamics in organizations, though they seldom are used together, especially in education. This study bridges SN and LMX theories and measures to bolster studies of relational dynamics in organizations and highlights that in the case of formal teacher leadership, there is a need for school structures that enable teachers and TLs to seek out one another informally and develop strong social exchanges.
Performance evaluation of higher education system amid COVID-19: a threat or an opportunity?
Authors: Gardas Bhaskar B. , Navimipour Nima Jafari 
Published: July 2021

PurposeCOVID-19 is moving the world towards a significant number of structural changes, and this pandemic is influencing each individual, society and industry at large. The present empirical research intends to identify the constructs (latent variables) caused mainly due to the outbreak of COVID-19 and analyze their influence on the education system's performance.Design/methodology/approachA pilot study was carried out with 105 responses to gain deeper insights into the factor structure and validate the scale. Then, the exploratory factor analysis was applied to explore five factors. Later on, the confirmatory factor analysis was employed to check the model's unidimensionality, validity and reliability. Finally, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the factors influencing educational performance.FindingsFour hypotheses were tested, out of which two were supported, i.e. “compatibility with online mode” and “new opportunities” were found to influence educational performance significantly.Practical implicationsThis investigation aims to provide vital information to the ministry of human resource development and educationists/academicians to understand the influence of the higher education system's factors. Also, it offers some strategies and plans to improve the higher educational systems performance in similar situations.Originality/valueThe previous studies did not identify and analyze the factors that influence the educational system's performance; especially, amid COVID-19 using the exploratory, confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling approach.
Previous military experience and entrepreneurship toward poverty reduction: evidence from China
Authors: Xu Zuhui , Li Bin , Liu Zhiyang , Wu Jie 
Published: July 2021

PurposeResearch on entrepreneurship toward poverty reduction has outlined how micro-level characteristics of entrepreneurs capture entrepreneurial opportunities in settings of poverty; however, little is known about the influence of previous military experience in this context. This paper investigates how previous military experience influences poverty-reduction entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from two main sources. First, individual-level and firm-level information come from a nationwide survey of founders of private enterprises. Second, province-level information is taken from the Marketization Index and the China Statistics Yearbook. An analysis of the Logit moderation model renders strong support for our conjectures.FindingsVia novel integration of imprinting theory and research on previous military experience, we propose that entrepreneurs with previous military experience have a strong sense of self-sacrifice, and as a result, are better able to participate in poverty-reduction entrepreneurship. In addition, we build on the resource availability and stakeholder expectations arguments and predict that the main effect of previous military experience on poverty-reduction entrepreneurship will be strengthened by reduced corporate philanthropy and increased government intervention.Originality/valueOur study adds to the extant literature in the following ways. First, it enriches the literature on entrepreneurship toward poverty reduction. Second, it contributes to imprinting theory in the entrepreneurial field. Third, it adds knowledge to the social entrepreneurship literature.
Streaming success: positioning Roku’s future in a hypercompetitive industry
Authors: Pleggenkuhle-Miles Erin G. , Winchester Christopher C. , Bass A. Erin , West Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Theoretical basis
The theoretical basis for this case is a focus on strategic positioning as related to Porter’s Generic Strategies. The case accounts Roku’s journey in facing additional competition, highlighting the competitive dynamics at play. The case requires students to consider how Roku might revise its generic strategy based on the new competitive landscape in which it operates.

Research methodology
In writing this case, the research team used secondary research that was informed by interviews with Roku users. Resources such as IBIS World, MergentOnline, academic journals, trade magazines and websites were used to inform and verify information.

Case overview/synopsis
As the market disruptor of how media was consumed, Roku had been connecting customers, publishes and advertisers with its unique capabilities for over 10 years. With the belief that all TV content should be available through streaming, Roku had forever changed the traditional model of how media was distributed and consumed. By capitalizing on the previously untapped economic opportunity of TV streaming platforms, Roku had made itself the premier streaming broadcast service for users, content publishers and advertisers. The company was now faced with the difficult task of finding the best ways to keep innovation high and continue to grow.

Complexity academic level
This case could be taught at either the graduate or undergraduate level strategy course. At the undergraduate level, it would be best taught in a strategy course, when discussing industry life cycle or vertical integration. At the graduate level, MBAs could discuss the competitive dynamics and hypercompetition within the industry.
Never Let a Crisis Go to Waste: Opportunities to Reduce Social Disadvantage from COVID‐19
Authors: Baxter Janeen , Cobb‐Clark Deborah , Cornish Alexander , Ho Tiffany , Kalb Guyonne , Mazerolle Lorraine , Parsell Cameron , Pawson Hal , Thorpe Karen , De Silva Lihini , Zubrick Stephen R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article identifies and examines a range of policy reform opportunities in Australia arising from COVID‐19. The authors demonstrate how COVID‐19 presents unique opportunities for rethinking and redesigning long‐standing rules and regulations covering how people live and work in Australia, with some opportunities arising coincidentally and others requiring purposeful policy and institutional redesign. They present a broad range of ideas to address entrenched disadvantage in health, labour markets, the tax and transfer system, gender equality, education, housing and criminal justice in Australia, in order to leverage the COVID‐19 crisis to build a better society.
Yogucheeses – Yoghurts fortified with melted cheese: Microstructural, textural and rheological characterisation
Authors: Paula Vilela Tatiana , Gomes Ana Maria , Ferreira João Paulo 
Published: July 2021

Yoghurts are generally enriched with dairy protein powders. This research developed a cheese‐fortified yoghurt – yogucheese. First, Emmental cheese was dispersed into submillimetre particles by melting it in a hot paste of gelatinised corn starch, or waxy rice starch, in milk, forming a melted cheese base (MCB). This MCB was mixed with further milk in different proportions, before addition of starter culture and fermentation. The products were then characterised in terms of macronutrient composition and physical properties. The new yoghurts had a firmer gel structure, lower syneresis and higher viscosity than controls, and were stable for 14 days.
Dung beetle β‐diversity across Brazilian tropical dry forests does not support the Pleistocene Arc hypothesis
Authors: da Silva Pedro Giovâni , Mota Souza João Gabriel , Neves Frederico de Siqueira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTropical dry forests (TDFs) are one of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of TDFs in South America: the Amazonian TDF hypothesis and the Pleistocene Arc hypothesis (PAH). There is a need to evaluate the distribution patterns of different organisms across the TDF distribution. We tested the following hypotheses: the species composition is determined by historical‐evolutionary events, and therefore, the TDFs have a similar species composition as predicted by the PAH. Alternatively, the species composition is determined by recent ecological processes, and therefore, the TDFs have a sharing of species to their respective adjacent dominant habitat, with no support for the PAH. We expect that climatic factors drive the species richness, abundance and species dissimilarity (β‐diversity) between TDFs and adjacent habitats across the latitudinal gradient. We sampled dung beetles across six Brazilian states in TDF fragments and adjacent dominant habitats and obtained the climatic conditions across the gradient. We used the β‐diversity partition and generalised linear models to test our hypotheses. We sampled 8,625 dung beetles representing 102 species. Sorensen dissimilarity was higher among TDFs than between TDFs and adjacent habitats and was mostly due to the substitution of species. Annual mean temperature had a positive effect on abundance in TDFs but did not affect species richness. Species substitution (Podani’s approach) between TDFs and adjacent habitats decreased with mean diurnal range of temperature, while nestedness patterns (Baselga’s approach) increased with annual precipitation. Depending on the approach used (Baselga’s vs. Podani’s), we can obtain different results across the latitudinal gradient. The composition and structure of dung beetle assemblages in TDFs are mostly determined by more recent regional‐to‐local ecological processes since each TDF has a unique evolutionary history and a different dung beetle species composition. Our results do not support the Pleistocene Arc hypothesis.
Focal electroretinogram and microperimetry testing of photoreceptor‐retinal pigment epithelium function in intermediate age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Messenio Dario , Babbi Alessandro , Guglielmi Alessandra , Airaldi Matteo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare the performance of focal electroretinogram (FERG) and fast mesopic microperimetry in evaluating macular function of intermediate age‐related macular degeneration (iAMD) subjects with preserved visual acuity.MethodsCross‐sectional, observational study. Participants with drusen >125 µm and VA ≥80 ETDRS letters and age‐ and sex‐comparable healthy subjects were consecutively enrolled in the study. Three photopic FERG recordings of the central 9° of the macula with luminance modulated stimuli flickering at 42.5 Hz and a fast mesopic microperimetry with a custom pattern of 3 central (CS) and 3 paracentral (pCS) stimuli at 1.2° and 6° from fixation were acquired.ResultsOverall, 112 eyes of 77 participants (age 73.0 ± 7.1 years, 47 iAMD eyes) were analysed. Mean FERG amplitude, CS and pCS (all p < 0.05) were lower in the iAMD group. A significant association was observed between FERG amplitude and iAMD (OR 9.58, p < 0.001) in multiple logistic regression analysis. Z‐scores of FERG were lower than microperimetry in iAMD (p = 0.002) but not for healthy participants. AUC of the ROC curve was greater for FERG than microperimetry (0.895 versus 0.644 and 0.675, both p < 0.05).ConclusionFocal ERG objectively measures a cumulative response originating from the photoreceptor‐RPE complex of the central 9° of the macula and demonstrated high accuracy in identifying decreased central macular function in iAMD patients with preserved visual acuity, performing better than fast mesopic microperimetry. Focal ERG should be considered a reliable technique for measuring retinal sensitivity of iAMD patients.
Can attachment predict core and comorbid symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder beyond executive functions and emotion regulation?
Authors: Frick Matilda Anna , Darling Rasmussen Pernille , Brocki Karin Cecilia 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivePrevious findings propose an association between attachment and symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the predictive ability of attachment beyond deficits in executive functioning (EF) and emotion regulation is understudied.MethodUsing a dimensional perspective, we examined the longitudinal role of attachment on ADHD and comorbid symptoms, accounting for EF and emotion regulation. The sample consisted of 84 children (aged 8–13 years), oversampled for ADHD symptoms (42% had a diagnosis of ADHD). We assessed attachment with the Child Attachment Interview, EF with laboratory tests, and emotion regulation with parental ratings. Parents and teachers rated symptoms at baseline (T1) and at follow‐up 2 years later (T2).ResultsAttachment insecurity was positively correlated with ADHD symptoms at T2 but with no unique contribution to symptoms beyond EF and emotion regulation. In contrast, poor EF and emotion regulation contributed to more ADHD and ODD/CD symptoms at T2. Poor emotion regulation contributed to more anxiety at T2.ConclusionsThe results have important implications for understanding the mechanisms underpinning symptom expression in middle childhood/early adolescence and may guide the search for tailored interventions to reduce and prevent symptoms.Practitioner points

Executive functions and emotion regulation should be explored as targets for intervention in personalized treatment.

The current results do not support attachment as a target for intervention at a group level, although this does not rule out that individuals/families with attachment difficulties may benefit from training programmes promoting secure attachment bonds.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM‐17938 for preventing cough in adults with mild allergic asthma: A double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled cross‐over study
Authors: Satia Imran , Cusack Ruth , Stevens Catie , Schlatman Abbey , Wattie Jennifer , Mian Firoz , Killian Kieran J. , O’Byrne Paul M. , Bienenstock John , Forsythe Paul , Gauvreau Gail M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCough is a common troublesome symptom in asthma which is neuronally mediated. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM‐17938 (L. reuteri DSM‐17938) is a probiotic shown to be effective in pre‐clinical models at suppressing neuronal responses to capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid agonist (TRPV1).ObjectiveInvestigate the effects of DSM‐17938 versus matched placebo on capsaicin‐evoked coughs in mild allergic asthmatics.MethodsWe performed a 4‐visit, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐way cross‐over study comparing full dose cough responses with inhaled capsaicin in mild allergic asthmatics after 1 month of treatment with DSM‐17938 compared with matched placebo. Randomization and allocation to trial group were carried out by a central computer system. Histamine skin prick testing, airway hyper‐responsiveness and inflammatory cells in induced sputum were measured at every visit. Blood was collected to extract PBMCs and stimulated with CD3/CD28 to ascertain the effects of DSM‐17938 /placebo on T‐cell cytokine responses.ResultsSeventeen subjects were recruited and 15 completed the study (8 females, mean age 27.3 years). There was no difference in the change in maximum capsaicin‐evoked coughs (Emax) after treatment with L. reuteri DSM‐17938 compared with placebo [mean difference 2.07 coughs (95% CI −2.77 to 6.91, p = .38) or relative changes in geometric mean ratios for the dose evoking at least half the Emax (ED50) [1.05 (95% CI 0.31–3.58, p = .94)], concentration evoking 2 coughs (C2) [0.63 (0.26–1.53), p = .28] and 5 coughs (C5) [0.79 (0.25–2.50), p = .67]. There was no effect on histamine skin prick wheal size, intensity of itch sensation, methacholine PC20, airway inflammation or T‐cell responses after stimulation with CD3/CD28. There were no serious adverse events. One subject developed a mild upper respiratory tract infection and another mild transient nausea whilst on DSM‐17938.ConclusionIn this small study in adults with mild allergic asthma, we found no evidence that L. reuteri DSM‐17938 has any systemic effects on airway nerves, smooth muscle, sputum inflammatory cells, skin responses or T‐cell responses after oral consumption.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03603522.
A call to action: Issuing a diversity and inclusion challenge to research organizations
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Susan M. , Wimes Michelle P. , Curran Tom 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndividuals who identify as Black, indigenous, and people of color face well‐documented health disparities. A root cause is the lack of empiric evidence for or against the use of various treatments in their medical management. This communication proposes a new benchmarking strategy for evaluating racial and ethnic representation in clinical research that can be compared across institutions with the intent of increasing accountability for diversity and inclusion among organizations that conduct clinical research.
Postpartum heavy episodic drinking: A survey to inform development of a text messaging intervention
Authors: Dauber Sarah , West Allison , Hammond Cori , Cohen Ilana , Thrul Johannes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionText messaging interventions (TMI) are promising for addressing heavy episodic drinking (HED) in non‐treatment‐seeking postpartum women. Their anonymous delivery can overcome fear of consequences that often prevents postpartum women from seeking treatment for HED. We assessed feasibility and acceptability of text messaging to inform the development of a tailored TMI for postpartum HED.MethodsWe surveyed 165 postpartum women recruited via a national Qualtrics panel on their drinking behaviours, mobile technology use and TMI preferences.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of the sample (N = 41) were classified as heavy episodic drinkers, with significant drinking reported before, during and after pregnancy, supporting the need for intervention. Feasibility of text messaging was supported by nearly universal mobile phone ownership and text messaging. Attitudes and intervention preferences varied, with 30% of HEDs likely to participate in an intervention asking them to receive automated messages, and 46% likely to participate in an intervention that included live texting with a counsellor. Respondents were more likely to participate in a study that asked them to respond to messages about mood and stress (63%) than daily drinking behaviours (35%), and were most interested in a TMI that included live texting with a counsellor. Nearly half the sample endorsed fear of child removal as a significant barrier to participation.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings support the feasibility of text messaging as an intervention approach for postpartum HEDs. Postpartum women may have unique concerns and preferences that differ from other groups of HEDs, making a user‐centred design approach critical.
Intracerebral electrical stimulations of the temporal lobe: A stereoelectroencephalography study
Authors: Mariani Valeria , Balestrini Simona , Gozzo Francesca , Pelliccia Veronica , Mai Roberto , Francione Stefano , Sartori Ivana , Cardinale Francesco , Tassi Laura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe functional anatomy of the anteromesial portion of the temporal lobe and its involvement in epilepsy can be explored by means of intracerebral electrical stimulations. Here, we aimed to expand the knowledge of its physiological and pathophysiological symptoms by conducting the first large‐sample systematic analysis of 1529 electrical stimulations of this anatomical region. We retrospectively analysed all clinical manifestations induced by intracerebral electrical stimulations in 173 patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy with at least one electrode implanted in this area. We found that high‐frequency stimulations were more likely to evoke electroclinical manifestations (p < .0001) and also provoked ‘false positive’ seizures. Multimodal symptoms were associated with EEG electrical modification (after discharge) (p < .0001). Visual symptoms were not associated with after discharge (p = .0002) and were mainly evoked by stimulation of the hippocampus (p = .009) and of the parahippocampal gyrus (p = .0212). ‘False positive seizures’ can be evoked by stimulation of the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala, likely due to their intrinsic low epileptogenic threshold. Visual symptoms evoked in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, without EEG changes, are physiological symptoms and suggest involvement of these areas in the visual ventral stream. Our findings provide meaningful guidance in the interpretation of intracranial EEG studies of the temporal lobe.
Clinical predictors of psoriatic arthritis and osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Lembo Claudio , Raimondo Annunziata , de Paulis Amato , Mormile Ilaria , Rossi Francesca Wanda , Lembo Serena , Balato Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPsoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are interrelated inflammatory diseases. Psoriasis usually precedes PsA onset and represents a well‐established risk factor for PsA development. Bone erosion is a hallmark of PsA, and the contribution of cutaneous psoriatic inflammation in this process has been demonstrated. However, little is still known on the pathogenetic mechanisms that link psoriatic skin to joint damage. Clinical features of psoriatic disease, including specific body site involvement, seem to be important risk predictors of PsA. The aim of this pilot research study was to investigate if psoriatic cutaneous inflammation, affecting these anatomical predictive sites for PsA, could be linked to osteoclast differentiation and activity. Our results showed that psoriasis skin localizations were positively related to the osteoclastogenic profile in psoriatic patients. These results provide new insights into the fascinating skin‐joint axis concept.