bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Commercial Freezing on Vitamin Concentrations in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Authors: Samsel Konrad , Meghani Abizar 
Published: July 2021

Commercial food processing has had a significant impact on reducing food spoilage and increasing accessibility to nutrient-dense vegetables. The commercial freezing process, in particular, has given producers the ability to store vegetables with minimized risk of microbial and enzymatic spoilage. Despite the effectiveness of freezing as a preservation method, there is evidence that pre-freezing procedures and prolonged storage can reduce the concentration of vitamins present within certain vegetables. Spinach, one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetables, is particularly susceptible to nutrient loss during the commercial freezing process due to its large surface area and high mineral content. This review summarizes the known effects of the freezing process on hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamins including vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol. There are two key mechanisms that lead to decreased vitamin concentrations, with the first being attributed to pre-freezing processes including washing and blanching which favours the leaching of hydrophilic vitamins. The second mechanism of vitamin loss is attributed to residual enzymatic activity during storage, where the degree of residual activity can be partially attributed to differences in blanching protocols and freezing practices. Understanding the mechanisms and extent of vitamin loss that the commercial freezing process imparts on leafy green vegetables can help inform future research on improved food processing methods that minimize nutrient loss. Implementing procedures that maintain nutrient retention in frozen vegetables has the potential to assist individuals in achieving their recommended daily intakes of micronutrients.
Reminiscence Therapy through Kidung Bali for Depression of older people living in Urban area
Authors: Sukardin Sukardin , Suryatno Hadi , Wayan Dewi Parwati Ni , Made Sumartyawati Ni 
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Aging process impacted the existence of health-related problems. Depression is one of the most common health problems that occurred in older people. Effects experienced by elderly depression is an increased risk of getting various diseases. So that we need therapy as an alternative treatment for depression in the elderly.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Reminiscence therapy through Kidung Bali on the changes in depression in the elderly in Urban area.
Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study performed on 33 Elderly in Mataram. Participants were randomly selected. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) questionnaire was used to collect data related to Elderly Depression. Reminiscence therapy was conducted over five days, the duration of treatment approximately 30-40 minutes each meeting. Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon-test in SPSS 24.
Results: : This study illustrated that there was a change in the Geriatric Depression Scale score. Before giving the reminiscence therapy, a mean value was 5.67, and after being given the reminiscence therapy, the mean Value changed to 3.15. Statistical test results showed the p-value <α (0.000 <0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that There was an effect of Reminiscence therapy through Kidung Bali to elderly depression in Urban area. Reminiscence therapy through Kidung Bali is an alternative option in reducing depression in the elderly.
Keywords: Reminiscence therapy, Kidung Bali, Elderly, Depression.
Manajemen Strategi Hubungan Masyarakat Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Calon Siswa Bersekolah Di Yayasan Surban MTs Pacet Mojokerto
Authors: Julianti Mika 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan utama dilakukannya manajemen strategi hubungan masyarakat dalam sebuah lembaga pendidikan ialah agar sekolah tersebut terus diminati oleh peserta didik dan mengalami perkembang serta kemajuan dari tahun ketahun. Dalam menyampaikan informasi diperlukan komunikasi yang baik agar informasi yang disampaikan dapat diterima. Dalam menyampaikan informasi humas harus memiliki manajemen strategi yang baik dan terarah agar apa yang diharapkan dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Manajemen Strategi Humas dalam Meningkatkan Minat Siswa Bersekolah di Yayasan Surban MTs Pacet meliputi perencanaan, pengkomunikasian, pelaksanaan dan pengevaluasian dengan baik dan terarah yang dilakukan oleh pihak sekolah untuk menarik perhatian calon peserta didik baru. (2) Salah satu faktor penghambat humas dalam meningkatkan minat calon siswa bersekolah di Yayasan Surban MTs Pacet meliputi waktu yang kurang efektif dalam pelaksanaan manajemen serta jarak lokasi yang jauh sehingga manajemen strategi yang dilakukan kurang maksimal.
Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation
Authors: Krašna Simon , Keller Arne , Linder Astrid , Silvano Ary P. , Xu Jia-Cheng , Thomson Robert , Klug Corina 
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the response of standing passengers on public transport who experience balance perturbations during non-collision incidents. The objective of the study was to analyse the effects of the perturbation characteristics on the initial responses of the passengers and their ability to maintain their balance. Sled tests were conducted on healthy volunteers aged 33.8 ± 9.2 years (13 males, 11 females) standing on a moving platform, facilitating measurements of the initial muscle activity and stepping response of the volunteers. The volunteers were exposed to five different perturbation profiles representing typical braking and accelerating manoeuvres of a public transport bus in the forward and backward direction. The sequence of muscle activations in lower-extremity muscles was consistent for the perturbation pulses applied. For the three acceleration pulses combining two magnitudes for acceleration (1.5 and 3.0 m/s2) and jerk (5.6 and 11.3 m/s3), the shortest muscle onset and stepping times for the passengers to recover their balance were observed with the higher jerk value, while the profile with the higher acceleration magnitude and longer duration induced more recovery steps and a higher rate of safety-harness deployment. The tendency for a shorter response time was observed for the female volunteers. For the two braking pulses (1.0 and 2.5 m/s2), only the lower magnitude pulse allowed balance recovery without compensatory stepping. The results obtained provide a reference dataset for human body modelling, the development of virtual test protocols, and operational limits for improving the safety of public transportation vehicles and users.
The Dichloromethane Fraction of Croton sonorae, A Plant Used in Sonoran Traditional Medicine, Affect Entamoeba histolytica Erythrophagocytosis and Gene Expression
Authors: Villegas-Gómez Isaac , Silva-Olivares Angélica , Robles-Zepeda Ramón Enrique , Gálvez-Ruiz Juan-Carlos , Shibayama Mineko , Valenzuela Olivia 
Published: July 2021

Intestinal parasites are a global problem, mainly in developing countries. Obtaining information about plants and compounds that can combat gastrointestinal disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms is a fundamental first step in designing new treatment strategies. In this study, we analyzed the antiamoebic activity of the aerial part of Croton sonorae. The dichloromethane fraction of C. sonorae (CsDCMfx) contained flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and glycosides. The ultrastructural morphology of the amoebae treated for 72 h with CsDCMfx was completely abnormal. CsDCMfx reduced erythrophagocytosis of trophozoites and the expression of genes involved in erythrocyte adhesion (gal/galnac lectin) and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in the phagocytosis pathway (rho1 gtpase and formin1). Interestingly, CsDCMfx decreased the expression of genes involved in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite pathogenesis, such as cysteine proteases (cp1, cp4, and cp5), sod, pfor, and enolase. These results showed that C. sonorae is a potential source of antiamoebic compounds.
Impact of Age on Outcomes in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Kanwar Manreet , Thayer Katherine L. , Garan Arthur Reshad , Hernandez-Montfort Jaime , Whitehead Evan , Mahr Claudius , Sinha Shashank S. , Vorovich Esther , Harwani Neil M. , Zweck Elric , Abraham Jacob , Burkhoff Daniel , Kapur Navin K. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Advanced age is associated with poor outcomes in cardiovascular emergencies. We sought to determine the association of age, use of support devices and shock severity on mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS).Methods: Characteristics and outcomes in CS patients included in the Cardiogenic Shock Work Group (CSWG) registry from 8 US sites between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were subdivided by age into quintiles and Society for Cardiovascular Angiography &amp; Interventions (SCAI) shock severity.Results: We reviewed 1,412 CS patients with a mean age of 59.9 ± 14.8 years, including 273 patients &gt; 73 years of age. Older patients had significantly higher comorbidity burden including diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used in 332 (23%) patients, Impella in 410 (29%) and intra-aortic balloon pump in 770 (54%) patients. Overall in-hospital survival was 69%, which incrementally decreased with advancing age (p &lt; 0.001). Higher age was associated with higher mortality across all SCAI stages (p = 0.003 for SCAI stage C; p &lt; 0.001 for SCAI stage D; p = 0.005 for SCAI stage E), regardless of etiology (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Increasing age is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in CS across all stages of shock severity. Hence, in addition to other comorbidities, increasing age should be prioritized during patient selection for device support in CS.
Comparing Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Variability From Different Satellite Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Products Over a Common 5-year Record
Authors: Kimball John S. , Du Jinyang , Meierbachtol Toby W. , Kim Youngwook , Johnson Jesse V. 
Published: July 2021

Satellite microwave brightness temperature (Tb) observations over the Greenland Ice Sheet permit determination of melted/frozen snow conditions at spatial and temporal scales that are uniquely suited for climate model validation and metrics of ice sheet change. Strong microwave sensitivity to the presence of liquid water in the snowpack is clear. Yet, a host of unique microwave-derived melt products covering the ice sheet are available, each based on different methodology, and with unknown inter-product agreement. Here, we compared five different published microwave melt products over a common 5-year (2003–2007) record to establish compatibility between products and agreement with in situ observations from a network of on-ice weather stations (AWS) spanning the ice sheet. A sixth product, leveraging both Tb seasonal trends and diurnal variability, was also introduced and included in the comparison. We found variable agreement between products and observations, with melt estimates based on microwave emissions modeling and the newly presented Adaptive Threshold (ADT) algorithm showing the best performance for AWS sites with more than 1-day average annual melt period (e.g., 68.9% of ADT melt days consistent with AWS observations; 31.1% of ADT frozen days contrasting with AWS observed melt). Spatial patterns of melting also varied between products. The different products showed substantial spread in melt occurrence even for products with the best AWS agreement. Product differences were generally larger under higher melt conditions; whereby, the fraction of the ice sheet experiencing ≥25 days of melting each year ranged from 4 to 25% for different products. While long-term satellite records have consistently shown increasing decadal trends in melt extent, our results imply that the melt frequency at any given location, particularly in the ice sheet interior where melting is less prevalent, is still subject to significant uncertainty.
The Molecular Mechanism of Sex Hormones on Sertoli Cell Development and Proliferation
Authors: Shah Wasim , Khan Ranjha , Shah Basit , Khan Asad , Dil Sobia , Liu Wei , Wen Jie , Jiang Xiaohua 
Published: July 2021

Sustaining and maintaining the intricate process of spermatogenesis is liable upon hormones and growth factors acting through endocrine and paracrine pathways. The Sertoli cells (SCs) are the major somatic cells present in the seminiferous tubules and are considered to be the main regulators of spermatogenesis. As each Sertoli cell supports a specific number of germ cells, thus, the final number of Sertoli cells determines the sperm production capacity. Similarly, sex hormones are also major regulators of spermatogenesis and they can determine the proliferation of Sertoli cells. In the present review, we have critically and comprehensively discussed the role of sex hormones and some other factors that are involved in Sertoli cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, we have also presented a model of Sertoli cell development based upon the recent advancement in the field of reproduction. Hence, our review article provides a general overview regarding the sex hormonal pathways governing Sertoli cell proliferation and development.
Life Cycle Assessment of Green Diesel Production by Hydrodeoxygenation of Palm Oil
Authors: Arguelles-Arguelles Antonio , Amezcua-Allieri Myriam Adela , Ramírez-Verduzco Luis Felipe 
Published: July 2021

Transition to a new energy low carbon pool requires the gradual replacing of fossil fuels with other cleaner energies and biofuels. In this work, the environmental impact of renewable diesel production using an attributional life cycle assessment was evaluated by considering five stages: palm plantation-culture-harvest, palm oil extraction, palm oil refining, green (renewable) diesel production, and biofuel use. The functional unit was established as 1.6 × 10−2 m3(13.13 kg) of renewable diesel. The results show that the production of renewable diesel by Hydro-processed Esters and Fatty Acids is more environmentally friendly than fossil diesel production. In particular, the analysis showed that the CO2emission decreases around 110% (i.e. mitigation occurred) compared with conventional diesel production. However, renewable diesel production has a relevant environmental impact in the human toxicity category due to the high consumption of agrochemicals during palm culture.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach in a Metastatic Vaginal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Egger Eva Katharina , Ralser Damian J. , Lindner Kira , Recker Florian , Marinova Milka , Savchenko Oleksandre , Lau Jan-Frederic , Mustea Alexander 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundVaginal adenocarcinomas (VAC) are most often reported after intrauterine exposition to diethylstilbestrol (DES). Rarely, VACs are reported as a malignant transformation of vaginal adenosis or endometriosis, in the context of chromosomal abnormalities or malformations of the uterus or the vagina. VACs without DES exposition have a poor prognosis and a significantly worse outcome compared to vaginal squamous cell carcinomas or DES-associated VACs.ObjectiveHere, we report the case of a primarily metastatic VAC, treated successfully with different lines of chemo-, antiangiogenic, antibody, and immunotherapy.CaseThe 49-year-old patient presented in 5/2018 with a primarily pulmonary metastatic VAC. Significant tumor reduction was seen after six cycles of carboplatin AUC5/paclitaxel 175 mg/m²/bevacizumab 15 mg/kg q3w. Bevacizumab maintenance therapy and later cisplatin mono 50 mg/m² q2w led to local and distant tumor progression. To identify a potential targeted therapy, new tumor biopsies were obtained. Immunohistochemistry revealed ERBB2 expression, and paclitaxel 80 mg/m² weekly plus trastuzumab 4 mg/m² respectively 2 mg/m² q3w was administered. Due to local and pulmonal tumor progression after 6 months and persistent ERBB2 positivity, the therapy was adjusted to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) 3.6 mg/kg q3w; however, the patient remained locally progressive after three cycles of T-DM1 and additionally showed a new bone metastasis. The new tumor biopsies revealed a combined positive score (CPS) of 2 regarding PD-L1, and pembrolizumab 200 mg q3w was initiated. The bone metastasis was radiated and treated with denosumab 120 mg q4w. Extreme tumor regression followed by stable disease was maintained for 9 months. Due to a slow locoregional progress only with new inguinal lymph node and pararectal lymph node metastases, a new tumor biopsy was taken. Molecular profiling showed an ARID1A mutation, a mutational burden of 5.1 mutations per megabase, and no genfusions. Based on these findings, therapy with PD-L1 antibodies, PD-1 antibodies, gemcitabine, or dasatinib was suggested. Therefore, administration of pembrolizumab was continued and local radiation therapy was performed. This led to a decrease in local tumor manifestations and a stable systemic disease.ConclusionOur case demonstrates the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in a patient with primary metastatic vaginal adenocarcinoma. By tumorgenetic profiling, different lines of systemic therapy, namely, antiangiogenic therapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, immunotherapy, and local radiation therapy, were identified and successfully administered.
Genetic Screening for TLR7 Variants in Young and Previously Healthy Men With Severe COVID-19
Authors: Solanich Xavier , Vargas-Parra Gardenia , van der Made Caspar I. , Simons Annet , Schuurs-Hoeijmakers Janneke , Antolí Arnau , del Valle Jesús , Rocamora-Blanch Gemma , Setién Fernando , Esteller Manel , van Reijmersdal Simon V. , Riera-Mestre Antoni , Sabater-Riera Joan , Capellá Gabriel , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , van der Hoven Ben , Corbella Xavier , Hoischen Alexander , Lázaro Conxi 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionLoss-of-function TLR7 variants have been recently reported in a small number of males to underlie strong predisposition to severe COVID-19. We aimed to determine the presence of these rare variants in young men with severe COVID-19.MethodsWe prospectively studied males between 18 and 50 years-old without predisposing comorbidities that required at least high-flow nasal oxygen to treat COVID-19. The coding region of TLR7 was sequenced to assess the presence of potentially deleterious variants.ResultsTLR7 missense variants were identified in two out of 14 patients (14.3%). Overall, the median age was 38 (IQR 30-45) years. Both variants were not previously reported in population control databases and were predicted to be damaging by in silico predictors. In a 30-year-old patient a maternally inherited variant [c.644A&gt;G; p.(Asn215Ser)] was identified, co-segregating in his 27-year-old brother who also contracted severe COVID-19. A second variant [c.2797T&gt;C; p.(Trp933Arg)] was found in a 28-year-old patient, co-segregating in his 24-year-old brother who developed mild COVID-19. Functional testing of this variant revealed decreased type I and II interferon responses in peripheral mononuclear blood cells upon stimulation with the TLR7 agonist imiquimod, confirming a loss-of-function effect.ConclusionsThis study supports a rationale for the genetic screening for TLR7 variants in young men with severe COVID-19 in the absence of other relevant risk factors. A diagnosis of TLR7 deficiency could not only inform on treatment options for the patient, but also enables pre-symptomatic testing of at-risk male relatives with the possibility of instituting early preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Effects of an Enhanced Training on Primary Care Providers Knowledge, Attitudes, Service and Skills of Dementia Detection: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Lv Xiaozhen , Zhao Mei , Li Tao , Yuan Changzheng , Zhang Haifeng , Pu Chengcheng , Li Zhiying , Zhang Na , Yu Xin , Wang Huali 
Published: July 2021

Background: Effective training programs for primary care providers (PCPs) to support dementia detection are needed, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an enhanced training on the competency and service of PCPs for dementia detection.Methods: We conducted a cluster randomized trial in Beijing, China. Community healthcare centers (CHCs) located in Fengtai or Fangshan District were eligible. The enrolled CHCs in each district were randomly assigned to the standard or the enhanced training group at a 1:1 ratio. PCPs serving older adults in enrolled CHCs were eligible to participate. The standard training group received three-hour didactic lectures, three monthly supervisions, 3 months of online support and dementia screening packages. The enhanced training group additionally received three monthly face-to-face supervisions and 3 months of online support. The participants became aware of their group membership at the end of the standard training. The knowledge, attitudes, service, and skills regarding dementia detection were assessed using questionnaires and submitted dementia detection records, respectively.Results: A total of 23 and 21 CHCs were randomly assigned to the standard and the enhanced training group, respectively, and 58 participants from 20 CHCs assigned to the standard training group and 48 from 16 CHCs assigned to the enhanced training group were included in the final analysis (mean age 37.5 years, and 67.0% women). A significant increase in the knowledge score was found in both groups, but the increase was similar in the two groups (P = 0.262). The attitude score remained stable in both groups, and no between-group difference was found. Compared with the baseline, both groups reported an increase in dementia detection service, especially the enhanced training group (24.1% to 31.0% in the standard training group and 14.6% to 45.8% in the enhanced training group). The completion rate and accuracy of submitted dementia detection records in the enhanced training group were both significantly higher than those in the standard training group (both P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: The enhanced training had similar effect on the knowledge of PCPs comparing with the standard training, but was better on continuous service and skills of PCPs related to dementia detection.Trial registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02782000. Registration date: May 2016. The trial was completed in July 2017.