bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a strategy for the national coordinated soil moisture monitoring network
Authors: Cosh Michael H. , Caldwell Todd G. , Baker C. Bruce , Bolten John D. , Edwards Nathan , Goble Peter , Hofman Heather , Ochsner Tyson E. , Quiring Steven , Schalk Charles , Skumanich Marina , Svoboda Mark , Woloszyn Mary E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoil moisture is a critical land surface variable, affecting a wide variety of climatological, agricultural, and hydrological processes. Determining the current soil moisture status is possible via a variety of methods, including in situ monitoring, remote sensing, and numerical modeling. Although all of these approaches are rapidly evolving, there is no cohesive strategy or framework to integrate these diverse information sources to develop and disseminate coordinated national soil moisture products that will improve our ability to understand climate variability. The National Coordinated Soil Moisture Monitoring Network initiative has developed a national strategy for network coordination with NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System. The strategy is currently in review within NOAA, and work is underway to implement the initial milestones of the strategy. This update reviews the goals and steps being taken to establish this national‐scale coordination for soil moisture monitoring in the United States.
Gender inequality in urban water governance: Continuity and change in two towns of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Basundhara , Upadhyaya Rachana , Neupane Kaustuv R. , Devkota Kamal , Maskey Gyanu , Shrestha Suchita , Mainali Bandita , Ojha Hemant 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGender‐based inequality has long been recognized as a challenge in water governance and urban development. Women do most of the water collection‐related tasks in the majority of low‐income country's urban areas, as they do in rural areas for drinking, household consumption, kitchen gardening, and farming. However, their voice is rarely heard in water governance. When climate change exacerbates water scarcity, it becomes harder for people to secure water with more pronounced effects on women. Drawing on the narratives of men and women involved in water management practices and also the views of the stakeholders who are part of water resource management in two towns in Nepal, this paper demonstrates emerging forms of gender inequality concerning access to and control over water resources, as well as associated services such as sanitation. We found that women's voice in water governance is systematically excluded, and such gender‐based disadvantage intersects with economic disadvantage as women in low‐income poor urban settlements are experiencing additional difficulty in accessing water and sanitation services. Gender inequity persists in the urban water sector, and of course the wider social structures, despite some progressive policy changes in recent years, such as the 30% quota reserved for women in local‐level water management bodies in Nepal. The paper concludes that tackling gender inequity in water management requires a transformative approach that seriously takes into account women's voice, critical awareness, and open deliberation over the causes and consequences of the current approaches and practices. Moreover, gender‐inclusive outcomes on water management are linked to changes in areas outside of the water sector, such as property ownership structures that constrain or enable women's access to water and related services.
An EFT toolbox for baryon and lepton number violating dinucleon to dilepton decays
Authors: He Xiao-Gang , Ma Xiao-Dong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper we systematically consider the baryon (B) and lepton (L) number violating dinucleon to dilepton decays (pp → ℓ+ℓ′+, pn → $$ {\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}\overline{\nu}^{\prime } $$

ℓ
+

ν
¯

′
, nn → $$ \overline{\nu}\overline{\nu}^{\prime } $$

ν
¯

ν
¯

′
) with ∆B = ∆L = −2 in the framework of effective field theory. We start by constructing a basis of dimension-12 (dim-12) operators mediating such processes in the low energy effective field theory (LEFT) below the electroweak scale. Then we consider their standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) completions upwards and their chiral realizations in baryon chiral perturbation theory (BχPT) downwards. We work to the first nontrivial orders in each effective field theory, collect along the way the matching conditions, and express the decay rates in terms of the Wilson coefficients associated with the dim-12 operators in the SMEFT and the low energy constants pertinent to BχPT. We find the current experimental limits push the associated new physics scale larger than 1 − 3 TeV, which is still accessible to the future collider searches. Through weak isospin symmetry, we find the current experimental limits on the partial lifetime of transitions pp → ℓ+ℓ′+, pn → $$ {\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}\overline{\nu}^{\prime } $$

ℓ
+

ν
¯

′
imply stronger limits on nn → $$ \overline{\nu}\overline{\nu}^{\prime } $$

ν
¯

ν
¯

′
than their existing lower bounds, which are improved by 2−3 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, assuming charged mode transitions are also dominantly generated by the similar dim-12 SMEFT interactions, the experimental limits on pp → e+e+, e+μ+, μ+μ+ lead to stronger limits on pn → $$ {\mathrm{\ell}}_{\alpha}^{+}{\overline{\nu}}_{\beta } $$

ℓ
α
+

ν
¯

β

with α, β = e, μ than their existing bounds. Conversely, the same assumptions help us to set a lower bound on the lifetime of the experimentally unsearched mode pp → e+τ+ from that of pn → $$ {e}^{+}{\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$

e
+

ν
¯

τ

, i.e., $$ {\Gamma}_{pp\to {e}^{+}{\tau}^{+}}^{-1}\gtrsim 2\times {10}^{34} $$

Γ

pp
→

e
+

τ
+

−
1

≳
2
×

10
34

yr.
Educational Concept for Citizens’ Awareness Towards Technological Advancements for a Sustainable Society—Introducing a Concept for Interactive Societal Learning on Hydrogen and Carbon
Authors: Obenaus-Emler Robert , Lehner Markus , Murphy Mariaelena , Pacher Corina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrogen is a key element of our everyday life. It is an irreplaceable feedstock for the production of fertilisers, fuels, and chemicals. From a scientific point of view, hydrogen can additionally play a major role in future energy systems and help to decarbonise the sectors industry, heat and power generation as well as transport and mobility. Thus, it can contribute to the energy transition and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions at a large scale and consequently help to mitigate climate change. It is, therefore, a key building block to reach the remarkably challenging goals recently stated in the European Green Deal. Therefore, the overarching question is whether hydrogen can measure up to the great expectations raised and how creating public awareness and education can contribute in achieving a social license to operate for emerging new technological developments in this context. Education is not solely an instrument for academic excellence but also a powerful tool to raise public awareness with regard to the development of new technologies. While the main goal of the pyrolysis project is to research sustainable means of hydrogen production, the project also considers its role within the community as a positive side effect. To safeguard and promote the scientific social licence to operate, an educational programme will be additionally developed to raise civic awareness and grant access to the developments made in the project in a learning lab, which will have open access for schools and the general public.
Betriebliche Mobilitätsmanagementmaßnahmen – ein Anstoß für Veränderungen in Mobilitätsverhalten und -einstellungen Mitarbeitender?
Authors: Saake Stefan , Lahner Jörg , Matthies Eike 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungBetriebliches Mobilitätsmanagement (BMM) fokussiert auf die Verkehrsgestaltung hinsichtlich Pendel- und Berufsverkehr, Dienstreisen und Kundenverkehr. Ziel ist es, beispielsweise Parkplatzauslastungen zu verringern oder Verhaltensänderungen bei den Mitarbeitenden hinsichtlich der Verkehrsmittelwahl hervorzurufen. Bisher ist BMM in Deutschland wenig implementiert und in geringem Umfang erforscht.Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt dieser Artikel das Instrument BMM theoretisch dar und präsentiert ein zugehöriges Praxisprojekt, in dem verschiedene Maßnahmen mit dem Ziel der Veränderung von Mobilitätsverhalten und -einstellungen durchgeführt wurden. Die Evaluation dieses Projektes erlaubt den Rückschluss, dass BMM und Veränderungen in den Einstellungen der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter korrelieren. Eine direkte Veränderung des tatsächlichen Verkehrsverhaltens konnte jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die Untersuchung basiert auf der statistischen Analyse von 2 Befragungen aus den Jahren 2019 und 2020. Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse wird von Policy Implications abgerundet. In theoretischer Hinsicht basieren die Auswertungen dieses Artikels auf der Annahme, dass psychologische Einflussfaktoren das Mobilitätsverhalten beeinflussen.
Funktionelle Sehschärfe beim Trockenen Auge
Authors: Messmer Elisabeth M. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Trockene Auge führt häufig zu Sehstörungen trotz guter Sehleistung in der Standardvisusprüfung. Die Beschwerden treten meist beim Lesen, Arbeiten am Computer und/oder beim Autofahren auf. Grund ist die schlechte optische Qualität der Augenoberfläche beim Trockenen Auge mit Zunahme von topometrischer Irregularität und Asymmetrie, Anstieg des irregulären Astigmatismus, Zunahme der kornealen und okulären Aberrationen höherer Ordnung, Abnahme der Kontrastsensitivität und Zunahme der Lichtstreuung. Die funktionelle Sehschärfe repräsentiert die Visusfunktion im Zeitverlauf und reflektiert die Visusleistung eines Individuums bei täglichen Aktivitäten. Sie ist beim Trockenen Auge signifikant reduziert im Vergleich zu Normalprobanden. Eine Vielzahl von Testmethoden zur Evaluierung der funktionellen Sehschärfe wurde beschrieben. Kein Verfahren hat sich bisher in der täglichen Praxis durchgesetzt.
Comparative study of a simulative bearing design with an experimentally determined data of a prototype bearing
Authors: Mármol Fernández Margarita , Rüth Lukas , Sauer Bernd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn some specific applications, the need of an optimized rolling bearing, having a similar load carrying capacity as a tapered roller bearing but with much lower friction losses is still to be addressed. In this paper, a new model is developed using a multibody simulation software and its experimental validation is presented.After studying many different (in use and only patented) roller geometries and based on an existing and already validated model for tapered roller bearings, a new model has been created changing the basis of its geometry. When the rolling bearing is highly loaded, the new geometry will show lower friction losses than a conventional tapered roller bearing. In order to confirm this premise, as well as to validate the model, a prototype of the new optimized geometry has been manufactured and experimentally tested, together with a tapered roller bearing of same main dimensions. The tests have taken place in a frictional torque test rig, where it is possible to realistically reproduce the loads and misalignments occurring on a bearing.The results of these tests together with its comparisons with the results of the multibody simulation models are discussed here. It has been observed, that the new model not only can be validated, but also presents less friction losses than the ones obtained when using a tapered roller bearing under some operating points with highly loaded bearings.
The Role of Spirituality and Religion in Physician and Trainee Wellness
Authors: Collier Kristin M. , James Cornelius A. , Saint Sanjay , Howell Joel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBurnout in medicine is a substantial problem with adverse consequences for both physicians and the patients who they treat. In our efforts to combat burnout, we must consider every tool at our disposal, since a complex problem requires a multifaceted approach. Recognizing that many physicians derive meaning from spirituality and religion, attempts to improve physician and trainee wellness should acknowledge the importance of religion and spirituality for self-care more than has heretofore been the case.
Conceptualizing problems with symptoms, function, health behavior, health-seeking skills, and financial strain in breast cancer survivors using hierarchical clustering
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Chen Yongyi , Cheng Andy SK , Zeng Yingchun , Ullah Shahid , Feuerstein Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Determine whether a diverse set of problems experienced by breast cancer survivors (BCS) following curative treatment can be formulated into a reduced number of clusters, potentially simplifying the conceptualization of these problems.

Method
Female BCS were recruited from four cancer hospitals in China. The Chinese translation of the Cancer Survivor Profile (CSPro) was used to measure 18 common problem areas, as supported by epidemiological and phenomenological research. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast (FACT-B) was used to measure quality of life, as a validation of any observed groupings. Hierarchical clustering using multiple distance criteria and aggregation methods to detect patterns of problems was used.

Results
A total of 1008 BCS (mean 46.51 years old) living in both urban and rural areas were investigated. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified two major clusters of problems. One set was classified as “functional limitations,” while the other cluster was labeled “multi-problems.” Those who fell into the multi-problem cluster experienced poorer quality of life.

Conclusion
Eighteen non-medical problems were broken down into two major clusters: (1) limitations in higher level functions required of daily life and (2) limitations in health care–seeking skills, problems with certain symptoms, unhealthy behaviors, and financial problems related to cancer. The breakdown of problem areas into these two clusters may help identify common mechanisms.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
In the future, the search for common clusters and the mechanisms for the many problems that breast cancer survivors and other cancer survivors can experience following primary treatment may improve how we help manage these problems in the future.
Amyloidosis with Cardiac Involvement: Identification, Characterization, and Management
Authors: Jamal Faizi , Rosenzweig Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewAmyloidosis is a protein deposition disease whereby a variety of precursor proteins form insoluble fibrils that deposit in tissues, causing organ dysfunction and, many times, death. Accurate characterization of the disease based on the nature of the precursor protein, organ involvement, and extent of disease is paramount to guide management. Cardiac amyloidosis is critical to understand because of its impact on prognosis and new treatment options available.Recent FindingsNew imaging methods have proven to be considerably valuable in the identification of cardiac amyloid infiltration. For treating clinicians, a diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected amyloidosis with or without cardiomyopathy is shown to help classify disease and to direct appropriate genetic testing and management. For patients with light chain disease, recently introduced treatments adopted from multiple myeloma therapies have significantly extended progression-free and overall survival as well as organ response. In addition, new medical interventions are now available for those with transthyretin amyloidosis.SummaryAlthough cardiac amyloidosis contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality associated with systemic disease, new tools are available to assist with diagnosis, prognosis, and management.
Cinematic rendering of a burst sagittal suture caused by an occipito-frontal gunshot wound
Authors: Gascho Dominic , Thali Michael J. , Martinez Rosa M. , Bolliger Stephan A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe computed tomography (CT) scan of a 19-year-old man who died from an occipito-frontal gunshot wound presented an impressive radiating fracture line where the entire sagittal suture burst due to the high intracranial pressure that arose from a near-contact shot from a 9 mm bullet fired from a Glock 17 pistol. Photorealistic depictions of the radiating fracture lines along the cranial bones were created using three-dimensional reconstruction methods, such as the novel cinematic rendering technique that simulates the propagation and interaction of light when it passes through volumetric data. Since the brain had collapsed, depiction of soft tissue was insufficient on CT images. An additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed, which enabled the diagnostic assessment of cerebral injuries.
An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF139 Serves as a Tumor-Suppressor in Glioma
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Kuang Weiping , Zhu Yong , Zhou Bin , Li Xiaosong , Zhang Xi , Li Bo , Li Liang , Zou Shucheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlioma is highly lethal because of its high malignancy. Ubiquitination, a type of ubiquitin-dependent protein modification, has been reported to play an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role in glioma development, depending on the targets. Ring finger protein 139 (RNF139) is a membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligase serving as a tumor suppressor by ubiquitylation-dependently suppressing cell growth. Herein, we firstly confirmed the abnormal downregulation of RNF139 in glioma tissues and cell lines. In glioma cells, ectopic RNF139 overexpression could inhibit, whereas RNF139 knockdown could aggravate the aggressive behaviors of glioma cells, including hyperproliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, in two glioma cell lines, RNF139 overexpression inhibited, whereas RNF139 knockdown enhanced the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT). In a word, we demonstrate the aberration in RNF139 expression in glioma tissue samples and cell lines. RNF139 serves as a tumor-suppressor in glioma by inhibiting glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoting glioma cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/AKT signaling.
Development of gated fiber detectors for laser-induced strong electromagnetic pulse environments
Authors: Hu Po , Ma Zhi-Guo , Zhao Kai , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Fang De-Qing , Wei Bao-Ren , Fu Chang-Bo , Ma Yu-Gang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the development of laser technologies, nuclear reactions can happen in high-temperature plasma environments induced by lasers and have attracted a lot of attention from different physical disciplines. However, studies on nuclear reactions in plasma are still limited by detecting technologies. This is mainly due to the fact that extremely high electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) can also be induced when high-intensity lasers hit targets to induce plasma, and then cause dysfunction of many types of traditional detectors. Therefore, new particle detecting technologies are highly needed. In this paper, we report a recently developed gated fiber detector which can be used in harsh EMP environments. In this prototype detector, scintillating photons are coupled by fiber and then transferred to a gated photomultiplier tube which is located far away from the EMP source and shielded well. With those measures, the EMPs can be avoided which may result that the device has the capability to identify a single event of nuclear reaction products generated in laser-induced plasma from noise EMP backgrounds. This new type of detector can be widely used as a time-of-flight (TOF) detector in high-intensity laser nuclear physics experiments for detecting neutrons, photons, and other charged particles.
Behandlung von Harnwegsinfektionen mit Harnblasenspülungen: Vom Leitungswasser zu Bakteriophagen
Authors: Leitner Lorenz , Kessler Thomas M. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungHarnwegsinfektionen (HWIs) gehören zu den grössten medizinischen Herausforderungen, insbesondere stellt uns der weltweit dramatische Anstieg von Antibiotikaresistenzen vor ungelöste Probleme. Patienten mit Dauerkatheter oder intermittierendem Katheterismus haben ein hohes Risiko für rezidivierende HWIs, aber auch für eine Übertherapie mit Antibiotika. Harnblasenspülungen mit Leitungswasser oder physiologischer Kochsalzlösung respektive Harnblaseninstillationen mit säurehaltigen, antiseptischen oder antimikrobiellen Substanzen sind eine vielversprechende Option zur Prophylaxe und Therapie von HWIs. Im Kampf gegen Antibiotikaresistenzen könnten Bakteriophagen, Viren, die ausschliesslich Bakterien befallen und abtöten, zu einem Durchbruch bei der Therapie von HWIs und bakteriellen Infektionen im Allgemeinen führen – doch der Weg dazu ist weit, und gut geplante prospektive Studien werden die nötige Evidenz liefern müssen.
Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität – aus der Perspektive der Mathematikdidaktik
Authors: Dreher Anika , Leuders Timo 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Diskussion (und aktuelle Forschung) zur Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität aus der Perspektive der Mathematikdidaktik. Sowohl theoretische als auch empirische Argumente verdeutlichen, dass bei einer Konzeptualisierung von Unterrichtsqualität fachspezifische Aspekte nicht außer Acht gelassen werden sollten. Die Berücksichtigung fachspezifischer Aspekte bezieht sich derzeit meist auf die Spezifizierung von Kriterien bei der Erfassung Unterrichtsqualität durch Ratings. Wir argumentieren jedoch, dass Kriterien dabei nicht die einzige relevante Varianzquelle darstellen, in der sich Fachspezifität niederschlägt. Um der Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität systematisch auf die Spur zu kommen, schlagen wir daher eine mehrdimensionale Perspektive auf die Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität als Grundlage für empirische Forschungsstrategien vor. Demnach zeigt sich die Fachspezifität von Unterrichtsqualität in unterschiedlichen Varianzquellen (Kriterien, Situationen, Ratern), die sich durch verschiedene Grade an Fachspezifität systematisch auf die eingeschätzte Unterrichtsqualität auswirken können. Insbesondere illustrieren wir anhand eines Beispiels, wie das fach- und inhaltsbezogene Wissen von Ratern (und damit die Fachspezifität von Ratern) ihre Interpretationen von Kriterien und Unterrichtssituationen beeinflussen und sich systematisch in ihren Einschätzungen von Unterrichtsqualität niederschlagen können.