bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telehealth training: Interprofessional mixed reality simulation in a retrieval service setting
Authors: Paddock Sharon , Norman Chantelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of Telehealth is well established in Australian retrieval service settings to aid assessment and management of patients requiring aeromedical transportation and to provide support to clinicians at remote facilities. Telehealth ensures prompt advice and treatment for critically ill and injured patients and can facilitate a resuscitation until the retrieval team arrives. There is scant information regarding the knowledge, skills and abilities required of Telehealth professionals, despite the universal recognition of it requiring a complex skill set, comprehensive understanding of technology and mastery of retrieval medicine. We share the experiences of the South Australia Ambulance Service MedSTAR Emergency Medical Retrieval Service preparing an education programme focussed on the psychometric skills in Telehealth. Our programme realistically simulates Telehealth and coordination systems in use across South Australia, provides in‐depth hands‐on practice for medical and nursing staff that incorporates teamwork, communication, technical and critical thinking skills and culminates with a mixed‐reality simulation scenario and formal debrief.
Feasibility of standardized procedures of white light gastroscopy for clinical practice: A multicenter study in China
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Sheng Yu , Wu Xi , Yao Fang , Zhou Wei Xun , Chai Ning Li , Zhang Shu Tian , Hao Jian Yu , Wu Jing , Zhang Ji Chang , Xu Bao Hong , Hu Li Xia , Yang Ai Ming 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed to establish a standardized procedure for white light gastroscopy (WLG) to screen gastric lesions including early gastric cancer (EGC) in China and to verify its efficacy and feasibility in clinical practice.MethodsA standardized WLG procedure for outpatients at nine tertiary hospitals in Beijing was established. Clinical information of the participants and details of the endoscopic procedures were recorded.ResultsA total of 1051 participants were enrolled in a baseline conventional endoscopic survey between March 2014 and December 2015, while 2156 patients were enrolled in the standardized WLG operation from January 2016 to June 2017. The procedure time of the standardized procedure was significantly longer than that of the baseline conventional procedure (P = 0.003). More images were obtained during the standardized procedure compared with the baseline conventional procedure (P < 0.001). The overall detection rate of gastric lesions in the standardized procedure group was significantly higher than that in the baseline procedure group (52.5% vs 38.4%, P < 0.01). The satisfaction scores of both participants and endoscopists in the standardized procedure group were significantly higher than in the baseline procedure group.ConclusionsCompared with the conventional procedure, standardized WLG procedure significantly improves the detection rate of gastric lesions as well as the satisfaction score of participants and endoscopists despite its longer procedure time. It is effective and feasible in clinical practice in China for the use of currently available endoscopic equipment.
Changes in blood glucose and lactate concentrations with hemodialysis
Authors: Watha Kanchana , Davenport Andrew , Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionBlood glucose concentrations are recognized to vary during hemodialysis (HD), with hypoglycemia reported with glucose‐free dialysates. As glucose can be converted to lactate, and conversely lactate to glucose, we wished to study factors associated with peri‐dialytic changes in blood glucose.MethodsWe prospectively collected data including patient profile, dialysis prescription, hemodynamic parameters, medications, dialysis adequacy and monthly blood tests for three consecutive months. All patients used a 100 mg/dl glucose dialysate. Linear mixed model, general estimated equation and binary logistic regression were used for analysis.ResultsWe studied 157 sessions in 55 patients, median age 67.1 (58.5–72.6) years, 67% male, 71% diabetic, 40% prescribed insulin, dialysis vintage 20.4 (10.7–57.7) months. Mean single pool Kt/Vurea and normalized protein nitrogen appearance rate (nPNA) were 1.70 ± 0.34 and 1.01 ± 0.30 g/kg/day respectively. Hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dl) occurred during 10 sessions (6.4%). 25% of non‐diabetes experienced hypoglycemia. The % change in peri‐dialytic blood glucose was associated with the % change in lactate (estimate of fixed effect = 0.23 p < 0.001) and pre‐HD glucose (estimate of fixed effect = 0.09, p < 0.001). The fall in glucose was not associated with urea clearance, consumption of food, administration of insulin or antidiabetic medications, nPNA, body mass index, or pyridoxine concentrations.ConclusionsPeri‐dialytic hypoglycemia cannot simply be explained by dialyzer clearance, as the corresponding fall in lactate would potentially suggest increased gluconeogenesis. Despite using a glucose containing dialysate, asymptomatic hypoglycemia occurred in 6.4% of sessions, suggesting a role for peri‐dialytic blood glucose monitoring and avoiding fasting during dialysis.
Noniterative adjustment to regression estimators with population‐based auxiliary information for semiparametric models
Authors: Gao Fei , Chan K. C. G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisease registries, surveillance data, and other datasets with extremely large sample sizes become increasingly available in providing population‐based information on disease incidence, survival probability, or other important public health characteristics. Such information can be leveraged in studies that collect detailed measurements but with smaller sample sizes. In contrast to recent proposals that formulate additional information as constraints in optimization problems, we develop a general framework to construct simple estimators that update the usual regression estimators with some functionals of data that incorporate the additional information. We consider general settings that incorporate nuisance parameters in the auxiliary information, non‐i.i.d. data such as those from case‐control studies, and semiparametric models with infinite‐dimensional parameters common in survival analysis. Details of several important data and sampling settings are provided with numerical examples.
Sellars's ontological nominalism
Authors: Simonelli Ryan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWilfrid Sellars is widely known for two positions that he calls “nominalism.” On the one hand, there is his “psychological nominalism,” according to which any awareness one might have of abstract entities—be they properties, relations, or facts—is a thoroughly linguistic affair, and so cannot be presupposed in thinking about the process of learning a (first) language. On the other hand, there is his ontological nominalism, according to which the world, as it is in itself, is fundamentally a world of concrete particulars and so does not ultimately contain such things as properties, relations, or propositionally‐structured facts. Sellars clearly takes these two sorts of “nominalism” to go together. However, one of the most influential inheritors of Sellars's philosophy, Robert Brandom, thinks that they do not. Brandom endorses the former, but denies that the latter “is in the end so much as intelligible.” In this paper, I articulate the connection between Sellars's psychological and ontological nominalism and draw on Brandom's own development of Sellars's functional role semantics to argue, against Brandom, that Sellars's ontological nominalism not only harmonizes with the rest of his philosophical commitments, but is actually made fully intelligible by the very aspect of Sellars's theory that Brandom himself develops.
What problems associated with ageing are seen in a specialist service for older people living with HIV?
Authors: Jones Howell T. , Samji Alim , Cope Nigel , Williams Joanne , Swaden Leonie , Katiyar Abhishek , Burns Fiona , McClintock‐Tiongco Aisha , Johnson Margaret , Barber Tristan J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesBy 2030 the majority of the people living with HIV in the United Kingdom will be over the age of 50. HIV services globally must adapt to manage people living with HIV as they age. Currently these services are often designed based on data from the wider population or from the experiences of HIV clinicians. This article aims to help clinicians designing inclusive HIV services by presenting the most common needs identified during the first year of a specialist clinic for older people living with HIV at the Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital in London, United Kingdom.MethodsThe records of all thirty‐five patients attending the inaugural nine sessions were reviewed.ResultsThe median age of attendees was 69 (53–93) with 77% being male, 63% being White, 49% being heterosexual and 97% being virally suppressed respectively. The majority (83%) met the criteria for frailty using the Fried frailty phenotype. Eighteen issues linked to ageing were identified with the most common being affective symptoms (51%), memory loss (37%) and falls (29%).ConclusionsWhilst older people living with HIV are a heterogeneous group frailty is common and appears to present earlier. HIV services either need to adapt to meet these additional needs or must support users in transitioning to existing services. We feel that our multidisciplinary model is successful in identifying problems associated with ageing in people living with HIV and could be successfully replicated elsewhere.
Flattening the curve: approaching complete sampling for diverse beetle communities
Authors: Burner Ryan C. , Birkemoe Tone , Åström Jens , Sverdrup‐Thygeson Anne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Insects are a hyper diverse and ecologically important group. Their high diversity, however, presents challenges in sampling methodology, because rare species are unreliably detected with low sampling effort. However, the relationship between effort and species detections, critical for effective monitoring and evaluation of population trends, is too seldom quantified.
We sampled forest beetles for 3 months in a 4‐ha stand of mixed deciduous forest in southeastern Norway using 110 flight intercept (four types) and Malaise traps, the highest trap density (29 traps ha−1) that we have seen reported. We examined species accumulation curves to quantify the benefits of each additional trap, compared capture rates among several trap designs and trap emptying frequencies, and tested for spatial autocorrelation.
In total, we captured 566 beetle taxa (19 854 individuals) from 52 families, yet our species accumulation curve was only beginning to flatten. Trap types differed considerably in their effectiveness. Nevertheless, 20 of our most effective window traps detected 75% of all taxa in our dataset. We found no evidence of spatial correlation within the scale of the study (100 m radius), nor did trap‐level forest covariates (5 m radius) explain much variation.
This implies that low‐to‐moderate sampling effort dramatically underestimates species richness, but that a limited number of effective traps can nonetheless achieve relatively thorough sampling for some applications. Immediate trap surroundings and spacing appeared unimportant. Insect ecologists should take particular care in selecting trap types, and be cautious comparing studies that employed different trap types.
A measurement scale developed to investigate the effect of leaders' perceptions regarding attitudes towards and commitment to quality management of training
Authors: Els Renier (RC) , Meyer Helen (HW) , Ellis Suria (S) 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is broadly acknowledged that, for quality management to be effective, it needs to be viewed and implemented as a dynamic and active process by people in an organisation, specifically its leaders. This study aimed to determine the level of leaders' commitment with regard to their perceptions and attitudes concerning quality management of training in corps training units within the South African Army. The Leader Perception and Attitude Scale was developed for this purpose. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 229 leaders at six of the eight South African Army's corps training units. Correlation coefficients were determined, and structural equation modelling was performed. The results indicated that leaders' attitudes had a statistically significant influence on their commitment (p < 0.001), whereas perceptions had no statistically significant influence (p = 0.488). The results contrast with previous studies, which have mostly indicated that perceptions influence employee commitment. By targeting leaders' attitudes, therefore, the South African Army may be able to design and implement appropriate strategies to improve leaders' commitment and thereby enhance training effectiveness. The potential usefulness of a scale that measures the level of commitment of leaders and is able to indicate the level of effect that perceptions and attitudes can have, may be of interest to other military settings and organisations that conduct in‐house training.
Proposed diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Down syndrome population
Authors: Esteba‐Castillo Susanna , Garcia‐Alba Javier , Rodríguez‐Hildago Emili , Vaquero Lucía , Novell Ramon , Moldenhauer Fernando , Castellanos Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite presenting higher risk of dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is not well defined in Down syndrome population.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe cognitive and neuropsychological patterns associated with MCI in Down syndrome individuals.MethodTwo groups of adults with Down syndrome (control and prodromal) were studied throughout 3 years. Two linear mixed models and a model including the variables that best predicted group membership were built.ResultsBehavioural Regulation Index (BRI) (Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function test) and the model composed of BRI, abstraction and delayed verbal memory were the variable and model best predicting group membership, respectively.ConclusionSuggest a diagnosis of MCI when BRI is the earliest change perceived by caregivers and this is combined with low scores in abstract thinking, and when an amnesic pattern in delayed verbal memory is observed, but adaptive skills are preserved.
Assessing Differential Bundle Functioning Using Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Lanrong , Becker Betsy Jane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifferential bundle functioning (DBF) has been proposed to quantify the accumulated amount of differential item functioning (DIF) in an item cluster/bundle (Douglas, Roussos, and Stout). The simultaneous item bias test (SIBTEST, Shealy and Stout) has been used to test for DBF (e.g., Walker, Zhang, and Surber). Research on DBF may have the potential to reveal the mechanism underlying DIF. However, an unresolved issue is the lack of an effect size for DBF, making it difficult to assess and compare the amounts of DBF within and between tests. We propose using meta‐analysis techniques to study DBF. By meta‐analyzing DIF indices, we can examine the heterogeneity of DIF across items, using the weighted average of DIF indices in an item bundle as a measure of effect size for DBF. A Monte Carlo simulation study compared the performance of our proposed effect size for DBF and a new test of nonzero average DIF in an item bundle with that of a DBF test using SIBTEST. When the primary and secondary dimensions were moderately correlated, our proposed effect size for DBF had little bias; the test of nonzero average DIF also showed power and Type I error levels comparable to those of the DBF test.
RegioFEM — Applying a floodplain evaluation method to support a future‐oriented flood risk management (Part II)
Authors: Eder Markus , Löschner Lukas , Herrnegger Mathew , Hogl Karl , Nordbeck Ralf , Scherhaufer Patrick , Schober Bernhard , Seher Walter , Wesemann Johannes , Zahnt Nina , Habersack Helmut 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlood risk managers face increasing challenges in anticipating future developments and coordinating flood risk management on a regional level. The regional floodplain evaluation matrix (RegioFEM), a method to support a future‐oriented flood risk management at a regional scale, was applied in a section of the Raab River in Austria. The developed method uses several parameters assessing the consequences of changes in the study area, which lead to changes in flood risk. Settlement development, planned flood protection measures and the likely increase of flood runoff due to climatic changes are considered. Parameters include hydrological (e.g., peak reduction), hydraulic (inundation area), spatial (affected buildings) and monetary (damage potential) ones. The results of the application of the RegioFEM were presented at a regional expert workshop, conducted to gain feedback about the possibilities and limitations of implementing the method into practice. Considering future changes and evaluating their impacts on flood risk can provide stakeholders and decision makers valuable information for sustainable flood risk management.
A framework of social determinants of health for delirium tailored to older adults
Authors: Arias Franchesca , Alegria Margarita , Kind Amy J. , Jones Richard N. , Travison Thomas G. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Schmitt Eva M. , Fong Tamara G. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDelirium is a debilitating medical condition that disproportionately affects hospitalized older adults and is associated with adverse health outcomes, increased mortality, and high medical costs. Efforts to understand delirium risk in hospitalized older adults have focused on examining medical comorbidities, pre‐existing cognitive deficits, and other clinical and demographic factors present in the period proximate to the hospitalization. The contribution of social determinants of health (SDOH), including social circumstances, environmental characteristics, and early‐life exposures, referred as the social exposome, to delirium risk is poorly understood. Increased knowledge about the influence of SDOH will offer a more comprehensive understanding of factors that may increase vulnerability to delirium and poor outcomes. Clinically, these efforts can guide the development and implementation of holistic preventive strategies to improve clinical outcomes. We propose a SDOH framework for delirium adapted for older adults. We provide the definition, description, and rationale for the domains and variables in our proposed model.
Characteristics and outcomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Victorian children at a tertiary paediatric hospital
Authors: Tosif Shidan , Ibrahim Laila F , Hughes Rebecca , R Cheng Daryl , Wurzel Danielle , Overmars Isabella , Steer Andrew C , Bryant Penelope A , Duke Trevor , Lewena Stuart , Babl Franz E , McNab Sarah , Crawford Nigel 
Published: October 2021

AimVictoria experienced two ‘waves’ of COVID‐19 between March and September 2020 and more cases than any other jurisdiction in Australia. Although world‐wide reports of COVID‐19 reflect that children are less likely to experience severe disease compared with adults, hospitalisations and deaths have been reported. We report testing and outcomes of children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Melbourne.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study at The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), including all children and adolescents (aged 0–18 years) who presented and were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 over a 6‐month period, between 21 March 2020, up to the 21 September 2020. Detailed epidemiological and clinical data were recorded.ResultsA total of 19 708 tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 were performed in 14 419 patients. One hundred and eighty patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (1.2%). 110 (61%) were symptomatic, 60 (33%) were asymptomatic and 10 (6%) were pre‐symptomatic. Close contacts of a positive case were associated with a higher risk of a testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (120/2027 (6%) vs. 60/14589 (0.4%), RD 5.5 (95% CI 4.5 to 6.5), P < 0.001). Eighteen (10%) SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients were admitted to hospital with one patient requiring intensive care. All patients recovered fully with no deaths.ConclusionIn Victorian children presenting to a tertiary hospital, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection caused predominantly mild or asymptomatic infection, with most children not requiring hospitalisation.
Public good provision with participation costs
Authors: Conlon John R. , Pecorino Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEsteban and Ray develop a model with an increasing marginal cost of contribution, and overturn the Olson hypothesis that large groups cannot provide themselves with a rival public good. In contrast, Pecorino and Temimi incorporate fixed but avoidable participation costs into this framework, and conclude that public good provision must fall to zero in large groups if the degree of rivalry is high. However, they argue that the public good will continue to be provided in large groups when the degree of rivalry is sufficiently low. We show that this latter conclusion is incorrect. Specifically, suppose that there is rivalry “in the limit,” so, as group size grows, the per‐person benefit from any fixed total level of contribution falls to zero. Then, as group size grows, the payoff an individual receives from a public good, both when she contributes to it and when she does not, can each grow without bound in the absence of participation costs. However, the difference between these payoffs necessarily goes to zero. Thus, in a sufficiently large group, agents will not be willing to incur the participation costs. The same result also applies to the Morgan lottery mechanism.
Direct‐acting antivirals reduce the risk of tumour progression of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment
Authors: Ikenaga Hiroko , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Tamori Akihiro , Odagiri Naoshi , Yoshida Kanako , Kotani Kohei , Motoyama Hiroyuki , Kozuka Ritsuzo , Kawamura Etsushi , Hagihara Atsushi , Fujii Hideki , Enomoto Masaru , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high recurrence rates. HCC sometimes progresses from early‐stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] stage 0/A) to advanced‐stage HCC after repeated recurrences and treatments. HCC progression deteriorates quality of life and prognosis. However, the effect of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐induced sustained virologic response (SVR) on HCC progression remains uninvestigated. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with hepatitis C virus‐related HCC with BCLC stage 0/A diagnosed for the first time and treated by curative resection or ablation. Using a time‐varying method, we estimated the risk of tumour progression (defined as progression to BCLC stage B‐D) and liver‐related death and the characteristics of repeated recurrence. Overall, 165 patients were enrolled. Following curative HCC treatment, 72 patients received DAA therapy (DAA‐treated group), whereas 93 did not (untreated group). Approximately 75% of the recurrences were at an early stage and expected to be disease‐free by retreatment. We recorded 56 tumour progressions, of which 60.7% were observed after second recurrence. Multivariate adjusted time‐varying Cox regression analysis showed that the DAA‐induced SVR significantly reduced the risk of tumour progression (hazard ratio [HR] 0.28; p = .001) and liver‐related death (HR 0.12; p < .001). The annual incidence of HCC treatment until tumour progression was 82.8% and 23.9% in the untreated and DAA‐treated groups, respectively (HR 0.30; p < .001). DAA‐induced SVR significantly reduced the risk for tumour progression and liver‐related death and the frequency of HCC treatment following curative treatment for HCC at BCLC stage 0/A.