bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing metal artifacts by restricting negative pixels
Authors: Zeng Gengsheng L. , Zeng Megan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen the object contains metals, its x-ray computed tomography (CT) images are normally affected by streaking artifacts. These artifacts are mainly caused by the x-ray beam hardening effects, which deviate the measurements from their true values. One interesting observation of the metal artifacts is that certain regions of the metal artifacts often appear as negative pixel values. Our novel idea in this paper is to set up an objective function that restricts the negative pixel values in the image. We must point out that the naïve idea of setting the negative pixel values in the reconstructed image to zero does not give the same result. This paper proposes an iterative algorithm to optimize this objective function, and the unknowns are the metal affected projections. Once the metal affected projections are estimated, the filtered backprojection algorithm is used to reconstruct the final image. This paper applies the proposed algorithm to some airport bag CT scans. The bags all contain unknown metallic objects. The metal artifacts are effectively reduced by the proposed algorithm.
Association between PTX3 and PVT1 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Varghese Sindhu , Kumar Subburaj Gowtham 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Very few studies have investigated the role of PTX3 and PVT1 genetic polymorphisms and their association in the progression of diabetic kidney diseases. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prominent reason of end-stage renal disease and also known to be involved in the high mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases. The current study has examined the role of PTX3 and PVT1 genetic polymorphisms in the development of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients.

Results
A significant difference between the genotypes and alleles of the rs2305619 polymorphism was observed in the diabetic patients with DKD when compared with the control group. The frequency of GG genotype was observed to be high in diabetic patients with DKD when compared to the other two groups. This specified that diabetic patients with GG genotype are at an increased risk to develop DKD. However, PVT1 (G/A) polymorphism did not show any association in the allele and genotypic frequencies with DKD when compared with T2DM and controls.

Conclusion
Our results propose a major influence of GG genotype of rs2305619 polymorphism to be significantly linked with an increased risk of DKD in type 2 diabetic patients.
Caregiver burden in Buruli ulcer disease: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Amoako Yaw Ampem , Ackam Nancy , Omuojine John-Paul , Oppong Michael Ntiamoah , Owusu-Ansah Abena Gyawu , Abass Mohammed Kabiru , Amofa George , Ofori Elizabeth , Frimpong Michael , Bailey Freddie , Molyneux David Hurst , Phillips Richard Odame 
Published: June 2021

Background
Buruli ulcer disease (BUD) results in disabilities and deformities in the absence of early medical intervention. The extensive role of caregiving in BUD is widely acknowledged, however, associated caregiver burden is poorly understood. In this paper we assessed the burden which caregivers experience when supporting patients with BUD in Ghana.

Method/ principal findings
This qualitative study was conducted in 3 districts in Ghana between August and October 2019. 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted on caregivers of BUD patients in the local language of Twi. Data was translated into English, coded into broad themes, and direct content analysis approach was used to analyse results. The results show the caregivers face financial, psychological and health issues as a consequence of their caregiving role.

Conclusion/ significance
This study found significant caregiver burden on family members. It also highlighted the psychological burden caregivers experience and the limited knowledge of the disease within endemic communities. Further research is needed to quantify the caregiver burden of BUD at different economic levels in order to better understand the impact of possible caregiver interventions on patient outcomes.
Perceptions of cervical cancer prevention among a group of ethnic minority women in Denmark—A qualitative study
Authors: Badre-Esfahani Sara , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Tatari Camilla Rahr , Blaakær Jan , Andersen Berit , Seibæk Lene 
Published: June 2021

Background
Cervical cancer screening (CCS) and human papillomavirus vaccination (HPVV) are effective measures against cervical cancer (CC). Attendance in HPVV and CCS provides the greatest protection, while combined non-attendance in HPVV and CCS provides little to no protection. It is hence concerning that some large ethnic minority groups show considerably lower HPVV and CCS attendance than other women–especially women from Middle-Eastern and North African (MENA) countries and Pakistan. Little is, however, known about the reasons for this low combined attendance pattern n.

Aim
To explore perceptions of and barriers to HPVV and CCS, among MENA and Pakistani women in Denmark.

Method
Focus group interviews were conducted. Data was transcribed verbatim, and analysed using systematic text condensation.

Findings
Seventeen long-term resident women originating from six major MENA countries and Pakistan were included. Mean age was 36 years. We found that these women, across different age groups and descent, had sparse knowledge and understanding about CC, and their perceived relevance of disease prevention was low. Compared to HPVV, their barriers to CCS were more fixed and often linked to socio-cultural factors such as taboos related to female genitals and sexuality. Moreover, they presented unmet expectations and signs of mistrust in the healthcare system. However, at the end of the interviews, participants became more attentive toward CC prevention, particularly toward HPVV.

Conclusion
Elements of insufficient knowledge and understanding of CC and its prevention were found among a group of MENA and Pakistani women. Their socio-cultural background further represents a barrier particularly towards CCS. Additionally, negative experiences and unmet expectations lessen their trust in the healthcare system. All of which underlines the need for new tailored CC preventive strategies for this group. Based on our findings we suggest that future studies develop and evaluate interventions aiming to improve HPVV and CCS, including user-involvement.
Autonomic biomarkers of shock in idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome
Authors: Wu Maddalena Alessandra , Catena Emanuele , Castelli Antonio , Rech Roberto , Borghi Beatrice , Ottolina Davide , Fossali Tommaso , Cogliati Chiara , Colombo Riccardo 
Published: June 2021

Objective
The term Idiopathic Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome (ISCLS) refers to an uncommon condition of severe distributive shock, resulting from an abrupt shift of fluids and proteins from the intravascular to the interstitial compartment. We hypothesise that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) fails in regulating the response to hypovolemia in acute ISCLS and that ANS variables characterise the progression to the recovery.

Design
Prospective cohort study of patients admitted to ICU for severe ISCLS flares.

Setting
Single, referral center in Italy for ISCLS.

Patients
Analysis of cardiovascular signals recorded during seven severe ISCLS attacks and one prodromal period in five patients.

Interventions
ANS was studied non-invasively by means of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability analysis, as an estimation of vagal and sympathetic modulation directed to the heart and vessels. Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability were also used to assess baroreflex sensitivity. ANS variables were measured during the subsequent phases which characterise ISCLS flares, namely the acute phase, the post-acute phase, and the recovery phase.

Measurements and main results
HRV was severely depressed during the acute phase accounting for the loss of ANS modulation during massive capillary extravasation. This phase was characterised by shock and impaired baroreflex control, which allowed SAP to oscillate driven by respiratory activity. Impending shock and transition from shock to a post-acute phase were marked by change of baroreflex spectral variables. The baroreflex control was fully restored during recovery.

Conclusions
ANS modulation and baroreflex control are severely impaired during the acute haemodynamic instability which characterises ISCLS crises and their progressive restoration may be a clue of improvement. ANS indices during ISCLS flares might serve as useful biomarkers, able to timely announce the transition from one phase to the subsequent one, thus helping to adapt therapy accordingly.
The impact of COVID-19 on hospital admissions and emergency department visits: A population-based study
Authors: Rennert-May Elissa , Leal Jenine , Thanh Nguyen Xuan , Lang Eddy , Dowling Shawn , Manns Braden , Wasylak Tracy , Ronksley Paul E. 
Published: June 2021

Background
As a result of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there have been widespread changes in healthcare access. We conducted a retrospective population-based study in Alberta, Canada (population 4.4 million), where there have been approximately 1550 hospital admissions for COVID-19, to determine the impact of COVID-19 on hospital admissions and emergency department (ED visits), following initiation of a public health emergency act on March 15, 2020.

Methods
We used multivariable negative binomial regression models to compare daily numbers of medical/surgical hospital admissions via the ED between March 16-September 23, 2019 (pre COVID-19) and March 16-September 23, 2020 (post COVID-19 public health measures). We compared the most frequent diagnoses for hospital admissions pre/post COVID-19 public health measures. A similar analysis was completed for numbers of daily ED visits for any reason with a particular focus on ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC).

Findings
There was a significant reduction in both daily medical (incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.86, p<0.001) and surgical (IRR 0.82, p<0.001) admissions through the ED in Alberta post COVID-19 public health measures. There was a significant decline in daily ED visits (IRR 0.65, p<0.001) including ACSC (IRR 0.75, p<0.001). The most common medical/surgical diagnoses for hospital admissions did not vary substantially pre and post COVID-19 public health measures, though there was a significant reduction in admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a significant increase in admissions for mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol.

Conclusions
Despite a relatively low volume of COVID-19 hospital admissions in Alberta, there was an extensive impact on our healthcare system with fewer admissions to hospital and ED visits. This work generates hypotheses around causes for reduced hospital admissions and ED visits which warrant further investigation. As most publicly funded health systems struggle with health-system capacity routinely, understanding how these reductions can be safely sustained will be critical.
Comparison of intravenous magnesium sulphate and lidocaine for attenuation of cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in elective surgical patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Misganaw Abebaw , Sitote Mulualem , Jemal Suliman , Melese Eyayalem , Hune Metages , Seyoum Fetene , Sema Alekaw , Bimrew Dagim 
Published: June 2021

Background
Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are essential components of general anesthesia. But it is always associated with side effects called reflex cardiovascular responses. Many methods have been identified to attenuate these responses like intravenous lidocaine, deep inhalational anesthesia, vasodilators, intravenous magnesium sulphate even though therapeutic superiority remains understudied.

Methods
An institutional-based cohort study on 112 adult patients aged between 18–60 years was applied. 37 patients in the non-exposed group (Group N), 37 in the lidocaine group (Group L), and 38 in magnesium sulphate (Group M) were included. The hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure at various time points up to 7 minutes post-intubation were recorded and the effect of both drugs to reduce hemodynamic responses was compared. Parametric data were analyzed using ANOVA and nonparametric data using the Kuruska-Wallis H rank test. P-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
In all three groups, there was a statistically significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure from baseline. There was a statistically significant difference in mean heart rate throughout study minutes among the groups (p<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in mean heart rate between Groups M and L at all post-intubation time intervals. In blood pressure at all three parameters there was statistically significant difference among groups at all-time points except no difference at 7th minutes in DBP. There was significantly lower blood pressure in group M compared to both groups.

Conclusion
In conclusion, prophylactic administration of magnesium sulphate and lidocaine was effective in attenuating hemodynamic responses to the stress effect of laryngoscopy and intubation. But based on our finding prophylaxis of magnesium sulphate is associated with a more favorable hemodynamic response.
The Early Transnational Chinese Cinema Industry, Fu Yongchun (2019)
Authors: Hyland Robert 
Published: June 2021

Review of: The Early Transnational Chinese Cinema Industry, Fu Yongchun (2019)
London: Routledge, 156 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-42949-006-4, e-book, £29.59
ISBN 978-0-36766-134-2, p/bk, £29.59
ISBN 978-1-13859-237-7, h/bk, £96.00
Ciencia para Todos: Guías para superar los Desafíos de la Comunicación Científica en Casos de Comunicación de la Salud
Authors: Vásquez-Guevara Denisse Helena 
Published: June 2021

Este estudio explora los modelos de comunicación científica desde los paradigmas del déficit y el diálogo y los resultados de su aplicación en investigación. El marco teórico de esta investigación, a su vez informa a la metodología mediante las sugerencias de varios autores orientadas a promover la participación de las audiencias. Por este motivo, este estudio aplicó la investigación-acción participativa, métodos cualitativos, epistemología decolonial, y un análisis que combina la teoría de los dos pasos, teoría del framing y teoría del médium. Esta metodología se aplicó en el co-diseño de estrategias comunicacionales en dos programas de salud, uno para niños (Estados Unidos) y otro para adolescentes (Ecuador), que promueven hábitos saludables.

El co-diseño de este proyecto: (a) facilitó el diálogo entre investigadores y sus audiencias; (b) permitió crear estrategias comunicacionales adaptadas a las audiencias; y (c) se propusieron guías de comunicación científica que evidencian la importancia del involucramiento de los investigadores como voceros del contenido científico, criterios de diseño de mensajes científicos para no-expertos, y criterios para la selección de canales comunicacionales.
WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND MARRIAGE SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEES AT BANK X
Authors: Juniarly Amalia , Pratiwi Marisya , Purnamasari Ayu , Nadila Tiara Fajria 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the contribution of work-family conflict and social support in predicting marriage satisfaction. Eighty-seven female workers at Bank X who met the study's criteria, such as frontline worker, married with children; were involved in this study. The participants' age ranges from 22 to 45 years (M = 33.5; SD = 3.589). The researchers used the Work-family Conflict Scale (20 items, α = .879), the Social Support Scale (12 items, α = .927), and the Marriage Satisfaction Scale (38 items, α = .946). The data were analysed with multiple linear regression. The analysis results showed the value of R = .743; F(2, 84) = 51.652, p < .05, and it indicates that there is a significant role of work-family conflict and social support on marital satisfaction. Besides, a value of b = -.960, p < .05, was obtained, and it means that there is a significant role of work-family conflict on marital satisfaction and b = 1.209, p < .05 were found, meaning that there is a significant social support role on marriage satisfaction.
THE MEANING OF GRATIFICATION, MORAL CREDENTIAL, AND THE VALUE OF SELFLESSNESS ACTION IN VIOLATIONS COMMITTED BY A RESPECTED PERSON
Authors: Puteri Ni Made Martini , Muluk Hamdi , Ariyanto Amarina , Takwin Bagus 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to prove how kindness conducted by the group, the definition of violations and the value of doing good, can affect moral credential in the form of the leniency of punishment for corruptors. Sample 319 polices and doctors divided into two segments. This study uses a population-based survey experiment method. Participants divided into moral credential with the narrative noble duty, and non-moral credential with neutral narratives. Researchers require each participant to provide criminal punishment and social reactions to the vignette of violation cases due to receiving gratification without (study 1) and with group support (study 2). Statistical correlation test with Kendall's Tau-b finds that defining the behaviour of gratification influences punishment, the correlation shown in invisible victim is rτ = .455, p = .000, and visible victim, rτ = .191, p = .003, but there is no significant relationship between the values of selflessness action and defining the behaviour of gratification as a violation (rτ = -.006, p = .922). Through the Mann Whitney U test it was found that the moral credential and non-moral credential conditions do not affect the provision of informal social reactions to violators, both the perpetrators of gratification with invisible victims (Mdn = 2), U = 2757, p = .523, and visible victims (Mdn = 2), U = 2778.5, p = .575, and also in a situation of gratification with group support, the perpetrators of gratification with invisible victims (Mdn = 2), U = 3419, p = .937, and visible victims (Mdn = 2), U = 2978,5, p = .119.
Hierarchical Argyris Finite Element Method for Adaptive and Multigrid Algorithms
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Hu Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The global arrangement of the degrees of freedom in a standard Argyris finite element method (FEM) enforces

C
2

{C^{2}}

at interior vertices, while solely global

C
1

{C^{1}}

continuity is required for the conformity in

H
2

{H^{2}}

. Since the Argyris finite element functions are not

C
2

{C^{2}}

at the midpoints of edges in general, the bisection
of an edge for mesh-refinement leads to non-nestedness: the standard Argyris finite element space

A
′

⁢

(
𝒯
)

{A^{\prime}(\mathcal{T})}

associated to a triangulation

𝒯

{\mathcal{T}}

with a refinement

𝒯
^

{\widehat{\mathcal{T}}}

is not a subspace of the standard Argyris finite element space

A
′

⁢

(

𝒯
^

)

{A^{\prime}(\widehat{\mathcal{T}})}

associated to the refined triangulation

𝒯
^

{\widehat{\mathcal{T}}}

.
This paper suggests an extension

A
⁢

(
𝒯
)

{A(\mathcal{T})}

of

A
′

⁢

(
𝒯
)

{A^{\prime}(\mathcal{T})}

that allows for nestedness

A
⁢

(
𝒯
)

⊂

A
⁢

(

𝒯
^

)

{A(\mathcal{T})\subset A(\widehat{\mathcal{T}})}

under mesh-refinement.
The extended Argyris finite element space

A
⁢

(
𝒯
)

{A(\mathcal{T})}

is called hierarchical, but is still based on the concept of the Argyris finite element as a triple

(
T
,

P
5

⁢

(
T
)

,

(

Λ
1

,
…
,

Λ
21

)

)

{(T,P_{5}(T),(\Lambda_{1},\dots,\Lambda_{21}))}

in the sense of Ciarlet. The other main results of this paper
are the optimal convergence rates of an adaptive mesh-refinement algorithm via the abstract framework of the axioms of adaptivity
and uniform convergence of a local multigrid V-cycle algorithm for the effective solution of the discrete system.
„Freie Bahn dem Tüchtigen“ und „Aufstieg durch Bildung“ Soziale Mobilität als politisches Problem vom Vormärz bis zur Weimarer Republik
Authors: Mayer Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Idee eines staatlich geförderten sozialen Aufstiegs durch Bildung ist kein Produkt des 20. Jahrhunderts, sondern lässt sich bis zur Pauperismusdebatte der 1830er und 1840er Jahre zurückverfolgen. Dieser Beitrag zeichnet den Wandel meritokratischer Gesellschaftsmodelle in Deutschland nach und zeigt, wie die Vorstellung des Bildungssystems als Motor sozialer Mobilität entstand. Mangelnde Aufstiegschancen für Personen aus den unteren Schichten wurden erstmals im Kontext der Pauperismusdebatte von Liberalen als politisches Problem wahrgenommen. Arbeitern, die sich den Normen bürgerlicher Respektabilität anpassten, sollte der Weg aus Besitzlosigkeit und Lohnabhängigkeit zu bürgerlicher Selbständigkeit auf Basis eines kleinen Gewerbes oder eines Bildungsberufs eröffnet werden. Ausgehend von einem bildungsbürgerlichen Erfahrungshorizont und anknüpfend an beschränkte, aber reale Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten entstand die Vorstellung des Bildungssystems als Aufstiegskanal. Mit der Einheitsschulbewegung konzentrierte sich die Debatte um Aufstiegschancen gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zunehmend auf die soziale Öffnung des höheren Schulwesens. Seit dem Ersten Weltkrieg wurde die Ausschöpfung der nationalen Begabungsreserven als Notwenigkeit im wirtschaftlichen und machtpolitischen Konkurrenzkampf der Nationen begriffen. Sobald allerdings erste Schritte zur sozialen Öffnung des Bildungssystems unternommen wurden, trat das Problem der „Auslese“ in den Fokus.
The Recovery of the Nazirite in Carolingian Discourse
Authors: Lahav Rina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Carolingian exegetes Hrabanus Maurus and Paschasius Radbertus encountered a paradox in the sources available to them regarding the prophecy of Dan and its representative Samson, the archetypal Nazirite, “Let Dan be a snake in the way, a serpent in the path, that biteth the horse’s heels that his rider may fall backward. I will look for thy salvation, O Lord” (Gen 49:17–8). While in some sources, the blessing given to Dan in Genesis 49:17 is interpreted as foreshadowing Christ, in others it is seen as reflecting the Antichrist. In this article, I explore how these Carolingian exegetes rose to the challenge of this conflict, by the examining the sources for both approaches available to them. I argue that both exegetes engaged with the sources in a manner that bypassed the paradox, each choosing a different way to do so.