bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Achyranthes aspera Whole Plant
Authors: Manandhar Nayan , Bajgain Kuber , Neupane Astha 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to establish qualitative as well as quantitative phytochemical profiles and determine the free radical scavenging activity of phytochemical constituents of the entire plant of Achyranthes aspera Linn. The extraction of dried plant material was carried out by cold maceration with methanol followed by partitioning with ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant was carried out by performing various chemical tests. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was studied using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The result of study revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phytosterols, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, and carbohydrates. Total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity of the extract were found as 209.007 µg GA/mg, 17.59 µg QE/mg, and 25.12% (100 µg/mL), respectively. The study showed that plant could be a source of antioxidant compounds.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis and Phytochemical Screening of Polyherbal Aqueous Leaves Extract (PALE)
Authors: Idu M. , Aihiokhai M. O. , Imoni C. A. , Akokigho C. E. , Olali N. C. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Polyherbal plant extracts which usually comprise of two or more plant parts often contain a wide array of key phytoactive constituents relevant in attaining greater therapeutic efficacy. The active constituents derived from individual plants are insufficient to provide attractive pharmacological action when compared to a combination of multiple herbs.
Objective: To conduct phytochemical screening of polyherbal aqueous leaf extracts (PALE) and analysis of compounds present in it by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Materials and Methods: The polyherbal extract was prepared from the combined aqueous extracts of leaves of Alchornea cordifolia, Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum using ratio 1:1:1 w/v. Phytochemical screening was done via standard analytical methods. The identification and characterization of compounds by GC-MS analysis was performed on gas chromatography system coupled with mass spectrometry.
Results: The phytochemical analysis of PALE revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in varying quantities. GC-MS analysis of the extract depicts the presence of key bioactive compounds. Thirty-two bioactive compounds were identified with various retention time and % peaks. The major compounds identified in terms of % peak area are n-Hexadecanoic acid (6.72), Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (7.28), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (16.54) and 9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester (12.92). Disulfide, dimethyl (0.04), 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.28), 1-Dodecanol (0.85), 10-Phenyldecanoic acid (0.12), 1-Hexadecanol (0.75), Methoxyacetic acid, pentadecyl ester (0.27), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, phenylmethyl ester (0.16), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) (1.09), were among the minor compounds identified in the extract. From the study, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid indicated the highest peak with a retention time of 20.556 minutes and % peak area of 16.54%.
Conclusion: The presence of the revealed bioactive constituents in PALE may suggest its nutraceutical, pharmacological and therapeutic relevance. Therefore, in view of the medicinal importance associated with the observed bioactive constituents, further studies on the toxicity level of the extract is advised subsequently.
Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Upper Limb Motor Functions in Patient with Chronic Stroke - A Case Report
Authors: Zanwar Rupa , Motar Pooja , Holani Minal 
Published: May 2021

Background: Literature shows that intensive Functional Electrical Stimulation facilitates upper limb motor recovery after Stroke.
Aim: To assess the effects of 4 weeks of FES therapy on right upper limb motor functions in patient with Chronic Stroke.
Materials and Methods: The participant was thirty year old male Right Hemiparesis who had experienced Chronic Ischemic Stroke. FES therapy was given for forty five minutes per session, three sessions a week for complete four weeks. The pre and post intervention score were measured with Fugl Meyer Assessment, Voluntary Control Grading and MAS.
Results: The Fugl Meyer Assessment score for right upper limb showed improvement with progression in stage of VCG for right upper limb and hand. Also improved MAS score was noted for right shoulder, elbow and hand muscles.
Conclusion: The current study confirms that application of FES therapy improves upper limb motor functions in Chronic stage of Stroke after 4 weeks.
Anticancer, Anticollagenase and in Silico Docking Studies of Anethum sowa L. Herb Oil against HCT 116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Pereira Divya Joseph , Kumar B. S. Mahanash , Karunakar Prashantha , Tharannum Seema 
Published: May 2021

Aim: Anethum sowa L. isan aromatic plant with pharmacological potential. The chemical composition and the therapeutic of Anethum sowa L. herb oil grown in South Karnataka is very few; moreover, its essential oil and extract together is not being studied and compared for its effects on colon cancer cell lines HCT -116 and anti collagense study .
Methods: The current investigation was intended to sight see the incidence of components present in the herb oil examined by (GC-MS), antioxidant , antimicrobial , anticancer & anticollagenase potential was investigated and further the insilco docking studies to unleash the potential drug like molecules in the therapeutic plant was studied .
Results: 5-Oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-3-propionic acid methyl ester, (17.41%),beta-Amyrin(8.20),ritodrine(6.49),1-Naphthalenol,decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(methylethylidene)-,[1R-(1.alpha.4a.beta,8a.alpha)](2.39%),meta-Cymene(1.95%),trans-z-alpha-Bisabolene epoxide (1.80), and Viridiflorol(0.77%) were the new compounds isolated from this therapeutic plant, and Anethum sowa L. herb ethanolic extract contained many potential phytochemicals. The total phenol and flavonoid of the herb extract were 0.136mg/ml. and 0.108mg/ml respectively . Anethum sowa L. herb extract ABTS antioxidant assay showed excellent activity with an IC50 of 540µg/ml which was in power with gallic acid which showed an IC 50 of 393µg/ml. Essential oil of Anethum sowa L. herb exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against all the three microorganisms E-coli strain (MTCC 433), Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (MTCC 3384) Streptococcusmutants strain (MTCC 497) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 20% herb oil . Cytotoxicity of Anethum sowa L.herb essential oil and ethanolic extract against Colon cancer cell lines – HCT -116 , showed that herb oil and herb ethanolic extract repressed the cell growth of the cell . Herb oil with an IC50 79.75µg/ml was more effective than the herb extract . Herb essential oil showed the maximum capacity in inhibiting the collagenase when compared to ethanolic extract of herb, the percentage of inhibition of Anethum sowa L. herb essential oil was found to be 60.89% and that of herb extract was (15.18%).
Conclusion: Herb oil showed very good anticancer, antimicrobial and anticollagenase activity and by the In silico docking performed between the compounds present in the herb oil, MAI-150 and APC of Homo sapiens, it was found that lupeol showed the highest binding affinity with APC when compared with MAI-150 and rest other compounds present in the herb oil.
Assessment of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness with SD-OCT in Eyes with Different Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Authors: Pateras E. , Kalogeropoulou G. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) with the use of Spectral-Domain OCT in eyes with AMD of different stages.
Methods: The participants comprised of 30 age-matched normal eyes as controls (Group 1), 19 with early-AMD eyes (Group 2), 14 with intermediate-AMD eyes (Group 3) and 29 with advanced (neovascular) AMD eyes (Group 4). All subjects underwent routine ophthalmologic examination. The choroid images, which included the subfoveal choroidal thickness images, obtained using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (and the technique of Enhanced Depth Imaging-EDI). All of the participants volunteered in this study and remained anonymous due to the protection of their personal data.
Results: 92 eyes with age greater than 65 years old were included. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 260.93 ± 46.54 μm in age-matched normal eyes, 255.10 ± 44.85 μm in early AMD eyes, 230.92 ± 45.70 μm in intermediate AMD eyes and 206.82 ± 44.43 μm in advanced (neovascular) AMD eyes. There were statistically significant differences in the measurement results between the 4th Group with the 1st Group (P<0.0001) and 2nd Group (P=0.0006) respectively, meaning that SFCT was greater in normal and early AMD eyes.
Conclusion: Decreasing subfoveal choroidal thickness was demonstrated in the progression of AMD, especially in the advanced AMD eyes compared to normal or early AMD eyes.
Developing A Group Model Building Causal Loop Diagram to Understand Millennial Generation Trust in Twitter as Early Warning System for Natural Disaster
Authors: Arini Hilya Mudrika , Lathifah Nurul , Ananda Fina 
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, Twitter is used as an Early Warning System (EWS) for disasters because of the speed and many users. Based on Asosiasi Penyedia Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) data, in 2017, almost 50% of internet users in Indonesia are born in 1983-1998. They are called the millennial generation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the trust of millennials towards Twitter as an EWS. This study utilizes the conceptual model from System Dynamics named Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) to identify the factors and the causal relationship among millennials' factors to trust Twitter as an EWS. It involves ten participants from the millennial generation, consisting of five passive Twitter users and five active Twitter users. A semi-structured interview was conducted with all participants to build the initial CLD gathered from each participant's perspective. Afterward, the initial CLD was verified by all participants through Focus Group Discussion. A group model building CLD that represents the influencing factors and their causal relationship of millennial generation trust in Twitter as EWS for a natural disaster is successfully developed from this study. The tweet frequency, the number of followers, the account credibility, the verified account, the level of trust in social media, and the content quality are considered the underlying factors of active and passive users to trust in Twitter as an EWS natural disaster.
Quality of life and risk of depression in institutionalized elderly / Qualidade de vida e risco de depressão em idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Ratuchnei Erika dos Santos , Marquete Verônica Francisqueti , Prado Eleandro do , Costa Josane Rosenilda da , Seguraço Ricardo de Souza Campos , Marcon Sonia Silva 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e associação com qualidade de vida em idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: estudo descritivo realizado com idosos de duas instituições de longa permanência do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e setembro de 2018, mediante entrevista estruturada, utilizando o The World Health OrganizationQualityof Life (WHOQOL – bref) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial no software R. Resultados: a maioria dos idosos (62%) tinha algum grau de sintomas depressivos - leve ou severo. A qualidade de vida apresentou correlação com características sociodemográficas, condição de saúde, estilo de vida e presença de sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: a prevalência de sintomas depressivo na amostra estudada foi alta, o que indica a necessidade de maior atenção para a saúde mental de idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência.
APLICATIVOS HIV/AIDS: UMA PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Costa Fermo Vivian , Vieira Tourinho Francis Solange , Ilha Schuelter Patricia , Jerônimo de Macedo Douglas Dyllon , Fávero Alves Thaís , Basto Fagundes Priscila 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: identificar aplicativos, disponíveis para a cultura brasileira, que promovam conhecimentos ou informações acercas do HIV/Aids. Método: estudo de prospecção tecnológica realizada através de pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa. Foi realizada a busca por aplicativos através de acesso as lojas virtuais Apple Store e Google Play em janeiro de 2019. Na estratégia de busca utilizou-se os termos: HIV e aids. A organização dos dados foi realizada a partir de uma listagem com os aplicativos e suas características. Resultados: foram identificados 19 aplicativos na loja virtual Apple Store e 13 na Google Play. Em ambas as lojas virtuais foram identificados aplicativos voltados a população usuária dos sistemas de saúde, profissionais da saúde e população em geral, que promovem o acesso as informações relacionadas ao tema HIV/Aids. Considerações finais: os aplicativos apresentam potencial para contribuir no controle no HIV/aids no país através da abordagem a prevenção combinada.
Panorama of health conditions in a female prison of northeast brazil / Panorama das condições de saúde de um presídio feminino do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Medeiros Marianny Moraes de , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Oliveira Karlayne Reynaux Vieira de , Silva Jéssica Kelly Alves Machado da , Silva Nathalya Anastácio dos Santos , Anunciação Bárbara Maria Gomes da 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: avaliar as condições de saúde de um presídio do nordeste. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório com delineamento de análise quantitativa, realizado no Estabelecimento Prisional Feminino Santa Luzia, em Alagoas, com 151 mulheres em situação prisional. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado como instrumento um formulário estruturado. Utilizou a análise do tipo descritiva para a distribuição das variáveis. Resultados: mulheres com idade média de 31 anos, baixa escolaridade e solteiras. Verifica-se uso abusivo de tabaco, elevada prevalência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e hipertensão arterial. Evidenciou-se uma baixa cobertura das ações de saúde. Conclusão: desta forma, as condições de saúde reveladas são importantes indicadores para implantação de ações mais eficazes para a mulher em situação prisional. Nesta perspectiva, evidencia-se a necessidade da criação, implementação e fiscalização de políticas públicas de saúde e sociais direcionada às particularidades femininas.
Analogs of imine resveratrol alleviate oxidative stress‐induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via activation of Nrf2
Authors: Zhang Yin , Wang Zhixiong , Yang Jiehong , He Yu , Wan Haitong , Li Chang 
Published: May 2021

Oxidative stress is closely associated with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Resveratrol and related compounds have shown great potential as antioxidants via either direct scavenging of abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) or activation of the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1‐nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2‐antioxidant response elements pathway. In the present study, we evaluated imine resveratrol analogs (IRAs) for their neuroprotective effects against ROS in PC12 cells, which are a commonly employed model system for studies of neuronal development and function. We identified that IRA‐3 (4‐[[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino]‐phenol) was more potent than resveratrol at rescuing PC12 cells from H2O2‐induced oxidative damage, exhibiting a recovery percentage of 60.4% at 50 μm. Our findings suggest that the neuroprotective effect of IRA‐3 was achieved via multiple routes, including direct scavenging of ROS, rescue of endogenous antioxidants and activation of the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1‐nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2‐antioxidant response elements pathway. Our results suggest that IRA‐3 may have potential for development into a possible treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
Effects of Shoe‐Stiffening Inserts on Lower Extremity Kinematics in Individuals With First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: McClelland Jodie A. , Allan Jamie J. , Auhl Maria , Buldt Andrew K. , Landorf Karl B. , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Roddy Edward , Menz Hylton B. , Munteanu Shannon E. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of shoe‐stiffening inserts on lower extremity kinematics in individuals with first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsForty‐eight individuals with radiographically confirmed first MTP joint OA (24 male and 24 female; mean ± SD age 57.8 ± 10.5 years) were randomized to receive either shoe‐stiffening inserts or sham inserts and underwent gait analysis during level walking using a 10‐camera infrared Vicon motion analysis system. Sagittal plane kinematics of the first MTP, ankle, knee, and hip joints were compared between the shoe only (control) and insert conditions in both groups (within‐groups) and between both insert conditions (between‐groups).ResultsCompared to the shoe only condition, the sham insert reduced knee flexion and total excursion, and the shoe‐stiffening insert reduced first MTP joint maximum dorsiflexion and ankle joint maximum plantarflexion, and increased maximum knee flexion and total excursion. Between‐group comparisons indicated that the shoe‐stiffening inserts significantly decreased first MTP joint maximum dorsiflexion, ankle joint maximum plantarflexion, and total excursion and increased knee joint maximum flexion and total excursion compared to the sham inserts.ConclusionCarbon fiber shoe‐stiffening inserts significantly alter sagittal plane lower extremity joint kinematics during walking, particularly first MTP joint maximum dorsiflexion. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms that may be responsible for their clinical effectiveness in the treatment of first MTP joint OA and potentially explain changes in symptoms in other lower extremity joints.
Factors Influencing Patient Decision‐Making Concerning Treatment Escalation in Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hughes Michael , Huang Suiyuan , Pauling John D. , Sabbagh Maya , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo explore patient priorities and ranking of factors influencing patient decision‐making concerning treatment escalation in the management of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsPatients with SSc were invited to participate in an online survey disseminated through patient‐led organizations and social media platforms.ResultsResponses from 747 individuals with self‐reported SSc‐RP were evaluable with broad international representation. The mean ± SD age (54.7 ± 12.1 years), clinical phenotype, and disease subsets distribution (limited cutaneous SSc [402 of 747, 53.8%], diffuse cutaneous SSc [260 of 747, 34.8%], and overlap disease [85 of 747, 11.4%]) were consistent with expected demographic information. Around one‐half (56.3%) of patients reported that their SSc‐RP symptoms were adequately controlled. The 5 highest ranked factors (of 13) that would prompt treatment escalation for SSc‐RP were as follows: 1) inability to use the fingers properly; 2) emergence of new digital ulcer on ≥1 fingers; 3) worsening pain or discomfort from RP; 4) more severe attacks; and 5) if it may help with internal problems. Despite symptoms not being adequately controlled, 47.1% were concerned about potential treatment side effects and were more likely to accept mild (~20–40%) versus severe (2%) side effects. Patients were open to different management strategies for uncontrolled RP that included adding new treatment in combination with existing treatment (52.8%), drug substitution (40.9%), increasing the current dose (28.8%), or focusing on nonpharmacologic approaches (29.7%).ConclusionWe have identified the relative importance of different factors influencing patient preferences for treatment decision‐making regarding SSc‐RP. Side‐effect profiles influence acceptability of drug treatments, and many patients report a preference for nonpharmacologic management of SSc‐RP.
Allopurinol and Cardiovascular Events: Time‐Related Biases in Observational Studies
Authors: Suissa Samy , Suissa Karine , Hudson Marie 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveSeveral observational studies reported that allopurinol, an effective treatment for gout, was associated with important reductions in cardiovascular (CV) events, with calls for large, randomized trials, although some results were conflicting. The present study was undertaken to assess the extent of time‐related biases in these observational studies.MethodsWe searched the literature for all observational studies reporting on allopurinol and CV events, focusing on 2 time‐related biases. Time‐related confounding bias results from studies using cohorts of patients all exposed to allopurinol, with comparisons based on episodes of allopurinol discontinuation, where confounding factors are not updated over follow‐up time. Immortal time bias arises from the exposure misclassification of periods of cohort follow‐up during which the outcome under study cannot occur.ResultsWe identified 12 studies, of which 8 were affected by time‐related confounding bias or immortal time bias, while the remaining 4 studies avoided these biases. The studies affected by time‐related confounding bias resulted in significant reductions in the incidence of CV events with allopurinol use (pooled hazard ratio [HR] 0.88 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.85–0.92]), as did the studies affected by immortal time bias (pooled HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.72–0.87]). The 4 studies that avoided these biases resulted in a pooled HR of 1.07 (95% CI 0.91–1.25).ConclusionObservational studies reporting significantly reduced incidence of CV events with allopurinol use were affected by time‐related biases. Overall, studies that avoided these biases did not find a protective effect. The ALL‐HEART randomized trial will provide important and accurate evidence on the potential effectiveness of allopurinol on CV outcomes.