bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La protohistoire de la France
Authors: Pétrequin Pierre , Cassen Serge 
Published: December 2021

Les colons néolithiques ont apporté l’essentiel des savoir-faire et des techniques qui ont permis de développer des formes d’économie fondées sur l’agriculture et l’élevage, avec le succès démographique relatif que l’on sait. Mais certains outils ont du être adaptés pour répondre aux contraintes d’exploitation de nouveaux environnements. C’est le cas des formes d’emmanchement des lames de pierre polie, de l’ouverture de minières pour la production d’ébauches pendant la deuxième moitié du V e millénaire (deuxième phase d’expansion agricole) et de l’invention de la gaine de hache à la fin du v e pour compenser la pénurie en lames polies. Cependant, les lames de travail du bois n’ont pas été de simples outils techniques ; elles ont été repensées et socialement surdéterminées, acquérant une valeur d’objet-signe manipulé par les hommes, un instrument de propagande intégré aux pratiques religieuses et figurant, en Morbihan, parmi les signes de la mythologie carnacéenne. L’innovation ne peut donc pas être comprise sans prendre en compte les fonctionnements sociaux et la part d’imagination qui les sous-tend. On supposait ainsi que la traction animale, la roue et l’araire auraient immédiatement représenté un « progrès » considérable, permettant d’augmenter les surfaces cultivées et de favoriser les transports. En fait, ces innovations de la fin du IV e millénaire ne peuvent pas être dissociées de la métallurgie du cuivre, des longues lames de poignard en silex et des stèles anthropomorphes, signes d’une profonde mutation sociale. D’ailleurs, tous ces outils « techniques », en pierre ou en cuivre, et ces véritables machines tirées par une paire de bœufs ont souvent été figuré parmi les représentations gravées sur stèle ou sur paroi rocheuse, une forme de consécration aux Grands Ancêtres et aux forces surnaturelles, justifiant les inégalités sociales. Les innovations auraient donc été conditionnées non seulement par les contextes économiques, mais aussi par la structure et les fonctionnements sociaux (dans le « monde réel ») et par les rituels et la pensée religieuse (dans le « monde imaginaire »).
La protohistoire de la France
Authors: Lemercier Olivier 
Published: December 2021

En France, les vestiges campaniformes, de la transition du Néolithique à l’âge du Bronze, sont étudiés depuis plus d’un siècle sans que l’ensemble des questions qu’ils posent n’aient reçu de réponses satisfaisantes. Ce phénomène d’ampleur européenne fait cependant l’objet d’une recherche encore intense et le nombre de découvertes (près de 1600 sites) comme les progrès faits, concernant tout à la fois les vestiges mobiliers, les contextes de découvertes, les pratiques liées, etc., sont très importants. Les diverses composantes du Campaniforme sont aujourd’hui mieux caractérisées permettant de revenir sur les nombreuses hypothèses proposées dans les dernières décennies pour interpréter ce curieux phénomène et le développement des cultures qui l’ont suivi. En France, le Campaniforme, qui ne saurait être réduit à un phénomène funéraire, correspond à un long cycle de six à sept siècles où trois phases de nature différentes peuvent être distinguées aussi bien dans la moitié nord que dans la moitié sud. Le premier phénomène de diffusion à l’échelle du continent est probablement issu d’influx d’origine orientale, mais la genèse du Campaniforme maritime demeure probablement atlantique au même moment que celle des gobelets AOC aux Pays-Bas. À partir de ce premier phénomène, on observe le développement de quelques cultures et de nombreux groupes campaniformes formant une véritable civilisation campaniforme à l’échelle de l’Europe qui inaugure le passage à l’âge du Bronze plus qu’elle ne clôt le Néolithique.
Les étudiants en économie sont-ils endoctrinés ? Bilan et perspectives
Authors: Eber Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

Depuis quelques années, les économistes discutent des effets de leur enseignement sur le comportement des étudiants. Les recherches en économie expérimentale ont souligné l’influence de la discipline étudiée sur les choix des étudiants ; en particulier, les étudiants en économie se comportent généralement de manière plus cohérente avec la théorie standard, ce qui se traduit par des comportements plus égoïstes. L’interprétation de ces résultats conduit à discuter deux effets potentiels : un effet d’endoctrinement (les étudiants en économie apprennent à penser selon le modèle rationnel et égoïste de l’ Homo Economicus …) et un biais de sélection (les étudiants choisissant l’économie auraient un profil comportemental plus individualiste et moins prosocial). Des études empiriques récentes permettent d’évaluer l’importance relative de ces deux effets. Dans cet essai, nous proposons une synthèse des résultats obtenus jusqu’à présent et en discutons les implications et les perspectives, notamment en matière d’enseignement de l’économie.
Le pacte radical d’alliance entre la famille-adolescente et l’organisation jihadiste
Authors: Benghozi Pierre 
Published: December 2021

Le processus de radicalisation est envisagé comme la co-construction d’un pacte d’alliance radical entre deux groupes particuliers, une organisation groupale familiale et communautaire « adolescente » et une organisation politique radicale totalitaire. En référence à la conceptualisation du maillage, démaillage et remaillage des liens psychiques (Benghozi), il a pour fonction un remaillage réciproque inter-contenant. Les contenants généalogiques troués sont remaillés autour d’un pacte d’auto-engendrement. L’embrigadement idéologiste est l’expression d’un « engrènement » pervers des contenants généalogiques d’appartenance du radicalisé et du contenant de l’organisation totalitaire radicale . La paradoxalité du pacte radical est l’enjeu des résistances au changement du pacte inter-relationnel d’emprise . Il nous faut prendre en considération le maillon-couplage fondateur du métacontenant radicalisation dans le passage à un agir violent. Un exemple clinique illustre le scénario d’exposition à un processus de radicalisation dans une organisation familiale de type incestuelle, héritière « porte-la-Honte » familiale.
SARS-CoV-2 management in Emergency Department: risk stratification and care setting identification proposal based on first pandemic wave in Pisa University Hospital
Authors: Barbieri Greta , Cipriano Alessandro , Carrara Stella , Spinelli Stefano , Cinotti Francesco , Foltran Francesca , Filippi Matteo , Aquilini Ferruccio , Tonerini Michele , Santini Massimo , Malacarne Paolo , Ghiadoni Lorenzo 
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 management in Emergency Department: risk stratification and care setting identification proposal based on first pandemic wave in Pisa University Hospital
Background: COVID-19 patients require early treatment and admission to an appropriate care setting, considering possible rapid and unpredictable to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
Objective: A flow-chart was developed by a multidisciplinary team of Emergency Department (ED) clinicians, intensivists and radiologists aiming to provide tools for disease severity stratification, appropriate ventilation strategy and hospitalization setting identification.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective application of our model on 313 hospitalized patients at Pisa University Hospital including 222 patients admitted to ED for respiratory failure between March and April 2020. Risk stratification score was based on respiratory and chest imaging parameters, while management strategy on comorbidities and age.
Results: Age, comorbidities, clinical respiratory and arterial blood gas parameters, semi-quantitative chest computed tomography score were significant predictors of mortality (p<0,05). Mortality rate was higher in patients treated in intensive care units (26,5%) and undergoing endo-tracheal intubation (32,7%), compared to medical area (21,3%). We verified a good concordance (81,7%) between the proposed model and actual evaluation in ED. Outcomes analysis of subgroups of patients homogeneous for baseline features allowed to verify safety of our model: in non-elderly and/or non-comorbid patients (15% mortality) our scheme overestimates the risk in 30% of cases, but it suggests non-intensive management in patients with reduced functional reserve, elderly and with comorbidities (50% mortality).
Conclusion: Correct management of respiratory failure COVID-19 patients is crucial in this unexpected pandemic. Our flow-chart, despite retrospectively application in small sample, could represents a valid and safe proposal for evaluation in ED.
Exception from informed consent in the era of social media
Authors: Inam Mehmet Enes , Sanzgiri Aditya , Lekka Elvira , Sheth Sunil A. , Barreto Andrew D. , Savitz Sean I. , Artime Carlos , Pedroza Claudia , Engstrom Allison , Sheriff Faheem G. , Ambrocik Alexander , Chen Peng Roc 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and neurologic deficits are often unable to provide consent and excluded from emergency research participation. Experiences with exception from informed consent (EFIC) to facilitate research on potentially life-saving emergency interventions are limited. Here, we describe our multifaceted approach to EFIC approval for an ongoing randomized clinical trial that compares sedation versus general anesthesia (SEGA) approaches for endovascular thrombectomy during AIS.

METHODS:
We published a university clinical trial website with EFIC information. We initiated a social media campaign on Facebook within a 50 mile radius of Texas Medical Center. Advertisements were linked to our website, and a press release was issued with information about the trial. In-person community consultations were performed, and voluntary survey information was collected.

RESULTS:
A total of 193 individuals (65% female, age 46.7 ± 16.6 years) participated in seven focus group community consultations. Of the 144 (75%) that completed surveys, 88.7% agreed that they would be willing to have themselves or family enrolled in this trial under EFIC. Facebook advertisements had 134,481 (52% females; 60% ≥45 years old) views followed by 1,630 clicks to learn more. The website had 1130 views (56% regional and 44% national) with an average of 3.85 min spent. Our Institutional Review Board received zero e-mails requesting additional information or to optout.

CONCLUSION:
Our social media campaign and community consultation methods provide a significant outreach to potential stroke patients. We hope that our experience will inform and help future efforts for trials seeking EFIC.
Flow diversion in anterior cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Dakay Katarina , Cooper Jared Blaine , Greisman Jacob D. , Kaur Gurmeen , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Gandhi Chirag D. , Santarelli Justin G. 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms are commonly encountered in clinical practice but can be challenging to treat. Flow diversion is a viable treatment in this population.

METHODS:
We retrospectively evaluated patients treated at our center from May 2017 to December 2020 who underwent flow diversion for an ACA aneurysm at or distal to the anterior communicating artery (ACOM). We defined ACA aneurysms as any aneurysm involving the ACOM itself, at the junction of the ACA with the ACOM (A1/A2), or in distal A2/A3 branches; both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were included. Baseline and follow-up clinical and angiographic data were collected; the primary measure was elimination of the aneurysm on follow-up angiogram. Patients underwent flow diversion with a Pipeline stent. A single flow diverting stent was placed in the dominant ACA spanning from the A2 segment extending into the A1 segment; two patients required H-pipe technique. Distal aneurysms were treated with a single Pipeline device deployed across the parent vessel, covering the aneurysm.

RESULTS:
Two-seven patients underwent a total of 28 flow diversion procedures; median age was 57 and 16 (59.3%) were male. Thirteen (48.2%) patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage; of these, four were treated within 6 weeks of the index hemorrhage. Most patients (22; 81.5%) had significant ACA asymmetry. There was one postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage and one groin complication. Follow-up data were available for 19 patients, 15 (78.9%) of which showed no residual aneurysm and 17 (89.5%) had protection of the dome.

CONCLUSION:
Flow diversion of ACA aneurysms can be a primary treatment modality in an unruptured aneurysm or a complement to initial coil protection of a ruptured aneurysm. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Endovascular recanalization for symptomatic intracranial internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion lasting longer than 72 h
Authors: Li Guangwen , Liu Peng , Gong Wentao , Zhang Xianjun , Zhang Yong , Wang Naidong 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to assess the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of endovascular recanalization for symptomatic intracranial internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion lasting longer than 72 h.

METHODS:
Thirty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic occlusion of the anterior circulation and failure of medical therapy underwent endovascular recanalization and were included in this retrospective study. Patient characteristics, atherosclerotic risk factors, successful recanalization rates, and angiographic data were collected.

RESULTS:
Recanalization was successful in 37 cases (94.9%). The average residual stenosis immediately after intervention was 11.6 ± 4.3%. The patients who underwent balloon angioplasty alone had similar residual stenosis to those who also underwent stent placement (15.6 ± 7.3% vs. 9.0 ± 6.4%, P = 0.184). Intra- and perioperative complications occurred in three cases (7.69%). One patient (2.7%) developed severe in-stent restenosis with transient ischemic attack symptoms at 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Endovascular recanalization is feasible for symptomatic occlusion of the anterior circulation lasting longer than 72 h. Recanalization provides a higher success rate when performed within 6 months of the qualifying event.
Mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke complicating cardiac interventions
Authors: Cherian Jacob , Cronkite Christopher , Srinivasan Visish , Haider Maryam , Haider Ali S. , Kan Peter , Johnson Jeremiah N. 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) complicating cardiac interventions (CI) is well described. The use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for treatment of emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) in this setting, however, is not widely reported.

METHODS:
Cases of patients undergoing MT for AIS with ELVO at a single institution were reviewed. Cases preceded by recent CI were investigated retrospectively. Data was collected for patient demographics, type of cardiac intervention, stroke characteristics, neurovascular intervention, and patient outcomes.

RESULTS:
Between 2008 and 2017, registry analysis identified nine patients treated with MT for AIS complicating recent CI. Patients were more commonly male with a mean age of 67 years. A large majority had a known cardiac arrhythmia. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) was the most identified CI, followed by valve repair, and cardiac ablations. Mean presenting NIHSS was 18. Most presented with hemiplegia. Seven cases were found to have MCA occlusions. Stent-retrievers were used in 6 cases with excellent recanalization in five MCA cases (TICI 2c or 3) and in two basilar cases. Despite immediate improvements in NIHSS scores in most cases, functional outcomes were poor in 7 cases (mRS of 4-6). Three cases were complicated by hemorrhage and three cases ended in mortality.

CONCLUSION:
AIS with ELVO following recent CI is associated with high rates of mortality and poor functional outcomes despite MT. Further work is needed to understand the key drivers to poor outcomes in this ELVO subgroup.
Relationship of Clinical Features with Candidal Carriage in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Redhu Anju , Suman B. , Banu Asima 
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is extensively prevalent in India and South-East Asia owing to the habit of arecanut (AN) use. Epithelial atrophy, hyposalivation, and immune alterations in OSF may predispose to increased Candidal carriage. Stomatopyrosis in OSF can result from multiple causes, which may also include Candidal infection. Hence, this study is aimed to assess Candidal carriage, species characterization, salivary flow rate (SFR) and its relationship with the clinical features (stomatopyrosis and mouth opening [MO]) in OSF patients alongwith the response to antifungal treatment in patients with higher Candidal carriage.

Methodology:
In this case-control study, 60 OSF patients and 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled. SFR was assessed using modified Schirmer test. Samples for Candidal assessment were collected with the oral rinse technique and cultured. The isolated yeast species were counted and identified based on Gram staining, germ tube test, and CHROMagar. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation test, and one-way ANOVA test.

Results:
The distribution of mean visual analog scale (VAS) score, SFR and MO was significantly varied (P < 0.001) in the study and control groups. Candida was found to be present significantly (P = 0.048) in OSF group as compared to control group. Candida albicans was the predominant species. No statistically significant association was obtained regarding Candidal isolation and SFR, burning sensation and MO in OSF patients. Only 1 patient in the study group yielded a high Candidal carriage (>400 CFU/mL) and reported relief in burning sensation (VAS score) with antifungal therapy.

Conclusions:
OSF patients yielded a significant higher oral Candidal carriage. Although it was not found to be associated directly, its role as a “cause and effect” in SFR and clinical features (stomatopyrosis and MO) of OSF cannot be ignored.
Evaluation of Microleakage of Micro Hybrid Composite Resins versus Chitosan-Incorporated Composite Resins When Restored in Class V Cavities Using Total Etch and Self-Etch Adhesives
Authors: Deb Arpita , Pai Veena , Akhtar Aesha , Nadig Roopa R. 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
To evaluate the in-vitro microleakage of traditional micro hybrid composite resin and 0.2% chitosan-incorporated composite resin when restored in Class V cavities using total etch versus self-etch adhesives after storing in artificial saliva for 24 h.

Materials and Methodology:
Sixty permanent maxillary premolars collected and Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of each tooth (dimensions: mesio-distally 3 mm, occluso cervically 2 mm, and depth of 1.5 mm) and restored with Group 1: micro hybrid (30 teeth) and Group 2: chitosan-incorporated composite (30 teeth), which was further subdivided into: (a) 15 teeth using total-etch adhesives. (b) 15 teeth using self-etch adhesives. Next dye extraction test was carried out using spectrophotometer.

Results:
Comparison within groups: In Group 1: Self-etch demonstrated less microleakage (0.0129) compared with total etch (0.0183). The difference was statistically significant, and in Group 2: No statistically significant difference was found in mean microleakage scores after using either self-etch (0.0118) or total etch adhesives (0.0120).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that chitosan-incorporated composite seems to have improved mechanical properties with a stable bond when used with either self-etch or total etch adhesives in addition to being antibacterial. It may be clinically useful in restoring Class V cavities in patients with high caries risk. However, further in vitro and in-vivo studies need to be carried out.
Comparative Evaluation of Changes in Physiological and Psychomotor Effects in Pediatric Patients during Extraction under Different Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide–Oxygen Inhalation Sedation
Authors: Shafi Reshi Iram , Goswami Mousumi , Rahman Bushra , Nangia Tanu , Nisa Tauqeer Ul , Chawla Sakshi 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Nonpharmacological behavioral management techniques are routinely used to create an environment that facilitates and builds a rapport between the child and the dentist to carry out procedures with minimal disruption. However, the discomfort associated with oral injections produces varying degrees of stress in all patients. Nitrous oxide (N2O)–oxygen (O2) inhalation sedation is one of the most widely used modalities for the management of fear and anxiety in children.

Objective:
The objective was to evaluate changes in physiological and psychomotor effects in pediatric patients during extraction under different concentrations of N2O–O2 inhalation sedation.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 300 healthy patients in the age range of 6–12 years (mean 8.9 years), who needed extraction of primary tooth, were included in the study. Pulse rate, SpO2, blood pressure (BP), and temperature were recorded at baseline, 30% N2O concentration, 50% N2O concentration, and again postoperatively. In addition, anxiety levels and neuromuscular coordination were recorded at the respective intervals.

Results:
The results revealed a mean decrease in pulse rate and BP from baseline and an increase in temperature and O2 saturation during the sedation procedure. The findings were statistically significant. Significant impairment of coordination and psychomotor ability was seen at each step. Anxiety had significantly reduced after the onset of sedation due to the anxiolytic effect of N2O.

Conclusion:
N2O–O2 inhalation sedation under different concentrations reduces the anxiety of the patient and produces adequate sedation with vital signs within normal limits along with temporary impairment of psychomotor ability and coordination.
Could Different Formulations of Grape Seed (Vitis vinifera) Influence the Physical Properties of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement?
Authors: Aref Neven S. , Abdallah Reham M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The aim is to evaluate the ability of different formulations of grape seed (GS) to influence the physical properties of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC).

Materials and Methods:
Five groups were considered; Group I: Unmodified GIC (control), II: 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, III: 5% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, IV: 3% v/v ethanolic extract of GS (EEGS)-modified GIC and V: 5% v/v EEGS-modified GIC. Assessment parameters were; compressive strength, shear bond strength, surface roughness, water sorption and solubility and color difference. A representative specimen of each group was used for being analyzed by the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of variance was used to compare the results, followed by a Tukey post hoc test (P < 0.05).

Results:
3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC only exhibited a significant increase in its compressive strength and shear bond strength. Concurrently, there was a significant decrease in surface roughness, water sorption and solubility for 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC group (P < 0.05). The least color change was for 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, which is a clinically acceptable change.

Conclusions:
3% v/v GS oil-modified conventional GIC is an optimistic formulation of a restorative material with enhanced physical properties and agreeable esthetic.