bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary collaborative project‐based instruction: students in two distinct courses teach each other by building software to solve biological problems (618.38)
Authors: Goodman Anya , Dekhtyar Alex 
Published: June 2021

We developed and piloted a novel approach to interdisciplinary instruction; this approach relies on well‐defined interdependent roles for biology (BIO) and computer science (CS) students in a project‐based laboratory accompanied by two distinct discipline‐specific lecture courses. Student interactions are structured around software development process: (1) BIO students are presented with a biological question, (2) they figure out what data is required and write program requirements, (3) CS partners write a program, (4) BIO and CS students collaborate on testing the program, (5) BIO students use the program to answer the original question. We applied this workflow to five increasingly complex assignments relevant to the genome analysis project conducted by the Genomics Education Partnership (GEP, www.gep.wustl.edu). We tested this approach during two 10‐week quarters (Spring 2012 and 2013) with 65 CS students and 47 BIO students. We assessed cognitive learning gains (skills and knowledge) by evaluating course artifacts and student gains in the affective domain (attitudes and self‐efficacy) using confidential surveys. Assessment data indicate that students appreciate and mutually benefit from interdisciplinary interactions. Students from both disciplines improve communication skills and reinforce mastery of their own discipline by acting as experts and teachers in their field.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NSF TUES # 1140828.
Insights into infant nutrition through cross‐species proteomic comparison of primate milks (623.9)
Authors: Beck Kristen , Weber Darren , Phinney Brett , Smilowitz Jennifer , Korf Ian , Lemay Danielle 
Published: June 2021

Milk has served as the optimal neonatal nutrition source directing infant growth, neurological development, and immunity for millions of years. Its production is an energetic balance between mother and infant needs. Therefore, molecular components providing a competitive advantage against genetically similar peers will be retained. Milk proteins have alternative end points aside from being an amino acid source. Bioactive peptides have antimicrobial and immunmodulatory functions. Recent studies show milk proteins to vary in abundance with disease status. Further biomedical research relies on non‐human models, specifically the rhesus macaque. Currently, little is known about the rhesus macaque milk proteome due to prohibitive small volume of samples collected. Our group developed a small sample method for quantitative milk proteomics using LC‐MS/MS. We identified over 800 proteins in macaque milk (protein and peptide FDR = 4.4%, 0.9%, respectively). In our initial analysis, proteins associated with assisting the innate immune response (complement proteins C3, C4, factors B, H, and I) are more abundant but lysozyme C is less abundant in macaque compared to human milk. By understanding the rhesus macaque milk proteome, we can better utilize this model organism for investigation of health related diagnostic tools. Cross‐species comparisons will also highlight which milk proteins are unique to human nutrition.Grant Funding Source: K.B. supported by T32‐GM008799 from NIGMS‐NIH and CNPRC Post‐Doc Pilot to DL NIH/NCRR P51 RR00169
Maternal serum n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are related to blood pressure during pregnancy: results from a prospective cohort from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (628.4)
Authors: Rebelo Fernanda , Pinto Thatiana , Farias Dayana , Lepsch Jaqueline , Vaz Juliana , Kac Gilberto 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the association of serum n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with blood pressure (systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP]), longitudinally during pregnancy. Methods: Prospective cohort of 212 women evaluated at up to 13th, 22‐26th and 30‐34th gestational weeks. Fasting serum samples were assayed employing a high‐throughput robotic direct methylation coupled with fast gas‐liquid chromatography. SBP and DBP were obtained in duplicate using an automatic sphygmomanometer (Omron HEM‐742 INT). Statistical analysis comprised longitudinal mixed‐effects models, adjusted for socio‐economic, demographic, lifestyle, biochemical and anthropometric variables. Results: Mean SBP was 110.3, 108.9, and 111.2 (mmHg) and DBP was 67.2, 65.2, and 67.2 (mmHg) for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester, respectively. The mean n‐6/n‐3 ratio was 11.49 (range: 5.85 ‐ 20.19). There were no associations of n‐3 fractions with SBP or DBP. Total PUFA n‐6 (β=0.007 [95%CI: 0.002‐0.012, p=0.004]) and linoleic acid (LA, β=0.007 [95%CI: 0.001‐0.012, p<0.004]) showed a positive association with SBP. Arachidonic acid (AA) was associated with both SBP (β=0.019 [95%CI: 0.001‐0.038, p=0.046]) and DBP (β=0.020 [95%CI: 0.004‐0.037, p=0.017]). Conclusion: In a sample with high n‐6/n‐3 ratio, higher serum concentrations of total PUFA n‐6, LA and AA may represent a risk for the increase of blood pressure during pregnancy.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPERJ, CNPq and CAPES
An evidence‐based approach to public policy and advocacy efforts (630.5)
Authors: Ziegler Paula , Schofield Marsha , Khan Mujahed , Blankenship Jeanne , Wickstrom Donna , Tuma Pepin , Steiber Alison 
Published: June 2021

The objective is to demonstrate the use of an evidence‐based approach to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ (AND) strategic efforts to shape food and nutrition policies. Evidence Analysis Library (EAL) at AND is used to advocate for policies with third party payers, government officials, regulatory agencies and other decision‐makers. AND identified public priority areas through a national member process. EAL content was used to support messaging for advocacy work around priority areas, e.g. Maternal and Child Nutrition, Healthy Aging and Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT). Child Nutrition Reauthorization‐Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act and Farm Bill legislation were supported by 19 EAL projects. Older Adults and Nutrition analysis supported legislation, including Affordable Care Act and Older Americans Act. Pediatric Weight Management supported private payer coverage for childhood obesity through Alliance for a Healthier Generation’s Healthier Generation Benefit. MNT provided evidence‐base for National Coverage Determination request to Center for Medicare Services to expand the Medicare Part B MNT benefit. Outcomes of the EAL have been used as the foundation for comments on proposed rules, regulatory initiatives and third party payer coverage policies. Content from the EAL has been translated into talking points, educational materials and communication pieces for stakeholders and policy‐makers.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Effects of extended sleep on female athlete's performance and nutrition (633.2)
Authors: Famodu Oluremi , Bryner Randall , Montgomery‐Downs Hawley , Olfert Melissa 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one extra hour of sleep on physical performance and nutrition behaviors on college female track athletes. Eleven females (age 20.6 ± 1.6 yrs) maintained normal sleep habits for a one week. Baseline data was followed by a one week sleep extension period (night time and napping). Anaerobic power and fatigue was measured using the Wingate Test. The ASA 24‐hour food‐recall questionnaire was used to test nutrient intake. Reaction time, perceived stress, and mood were measured using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), Cohen's Stress Test, and Profile of Mood States (POMS), respectively. Preliminary data was collected on 11 female subjects. Subjects increased total sleep from baseline (423.5 ± 44.4 minutes, 443.9 ± 55.2 minutes respectively), however this was not significant (z = ‐1.2480, p = 0.2258). No significant differences were seen in maximum power (z = 0.00, p = 1.0000) and fatigue (z = 0.0657, p = 0.9476) following sleep extension. Although not significant, mean PVT reaction time increased (z = ‐0.8213, p = 0.4115) and POMS scores improved (z = 0.7560, p = 0.4496) following more sleep. The athletes showed no significant effects in caloric (z = 0.1313, p = 0.8968) or total fat intake (z = ‐0.2627, p = 0.7928) after sleep extension. Improvements in physical performance and nutritional behaviors were not seen after sleep extension in college female track athletes.Grant Funding Source: WVU Experimental Station Hatch Funding
Early gut microbiota composition ő a possible target to reduce the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders? (637.11)
Authors: Isolauri Erika , Pärtty Anna , Kalliomäki Marko , Endo Akihito , Salminen Seppo 
Published: June 2021

Background: Although genetic factors can determine a propensity for neuropsychiatric disorders, environmental exposures, particularly early microbial contact, may shape the risk during a critical period of maturation.Objective: To address whether early gut microbiota composition and its modification by probiotics could be related to the increasing emergence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger syndrome (AS).Methods: 75 infants who were randomized to receive Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) or placebo prenatally and during the first six months of life were followed‐up for 13 years. Gut microbiota was assessed at the age of 3 weeks, 3 and 6 months and 13 years using several molecular methods. ADHD and AS were diagnosed by a child neurologist or psychiatrist on the basis of ICD‐10 diagnostic criteria.Results: At the age of 13 years ADHD and/or AS was diagnosed in 6/35 (17.1%) children in the placebo and none in the probiotic group (p=0.008). The affected children manifested lower numbers of Bifidobacterium species bacteria in feces, in particular less Bifidobacterium longum, than healthy children during the first six months of life (p=0.03, p=0.045, respectively).Interpretation: The composition of the gut microbiota and probiotic supplementation early in life may have an impact on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood; our preliminary study suggests both an intriguing link between gut microbiota and behavior and a potential treatment target.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Academy of Finland
Biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system among Guatemalan preschool children attending daycare centers with a common menu offering (639.2)
Authors: Soto‐Méndez María , Aguilera Concepción , Mesa María , Campaña‐Martín Laura , Martín‐Laguna Victoria , Solomons Noel , Schümann Klaus , Gil Angel 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To describe and compare urine oxidative stress biomarkers and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activity, in preschoolers from 3 daycare centers in Guatemala Methods: 74 (2‐6 y/o) children (36 F / 38 M) attending 3 government‐subsidized daycare centers identified by location, coded as Center (C) and as to unique location: A (semi‐urban n=19); B (marginal‐urban n=23); and C (rural n=32) enrolled to measure oxidative damage to DNA (8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine {8‐OHdG}) and lipid (15‐Isoprostane F2t {F2‐Iso}) and the erythrocyte activity of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Reductase (GSHR) and Peroxidase (GPx) Results: 8‐OHdG and F2‐Iso median values were different between sexes (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively), even when calculating the total amount excreted per day and adjusting to weight. GPx also differed by sex (p=0.01). According to location 8‐OHdG and F2‐Iso were different between CA and CB (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). CAT and GSHR were different in CB when compared to CA and CC (p<0.01 in both cases). SOD activity was different among all 3 centers (p<0.01), whereas GPx was different between CB and CC (p=0.02) Conclusion: Differences in oxidative biomarkers between sexes, especially those biomarkers that are involved in lipid oxidation (F2‐Iso and GPx), are seen.Funded by: Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición (FINUT), Spain and The Hildegard Grunow Foundation (HGF), GermanyGrant Funding Source: Supported by Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición (FINUT) and The Hildegard Grunow Foundation (HGF)
Effects of almonds as a snack or meal accompaniment on appetite, glycemia and body weight (641.9)
Authors: Tan Sze , Mattes Richard 
Published: June 2021

Snacking may contribute to overweight and glucose dysregulation because snack foods often elicit weak dietary compensation and promote glycemic swings. Almonds are satiating and moderate post‐prandial glycemia, but it is not known if these properties hold when consumed specifically as a snack. Following an initial OGTT, an acute feeding trial was conducted where participants (49M, 89F) at risk for diabetes consumed 43g of roasted, lightly‐salted almonds with breakfast (N=28) or lunch (N=26), alone as a morning snack (N=28) or afternoon snack (N=28) or no almonds (N=27). Appetitive sensations and blood glucose concentrations were monitored over 515 minutes during which standardized meals were provided. Participants then consumed almonds as per their group assignment for 4 weeks followed by another acute feeding trial and OGTT. Almond consumption as snacks led to significant reductions of appetitive sensations and blood glucose concentrations. They blunted (non‐significantly) glucose rises at meals. There was no change of body weight and MUFA and Vitamin E intake increased during the 4‐wk feeding period. Almonds may be a snack that contributes to weight and glycemic management.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Almond Board of California
Role of milk fat globule membrane in the regulation of blood lipids in humans: a randomized trial (642.3)
Authors: Rosqvist Fredrik , Paulsson Marie , Lindmark‐Månsson Helena , Smedman Annika , Risérus Ulf 
Published: June 2021

Dairy fat has in general cholesterol raising effects due to its high content of saturated fat. Some studies however suggest differential effects of various dairy products on blood lipids. The presence or absence of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) might explain such discrepancies, possibly through the phospholipid content of MFGM, or its physical structure, or both. Some recent controlled supplementation studies have indicated that MFGM powder may counteract cholesterol raising effects. However no studies have tested foods that contain MFGM in its native form. We aimed to investigate the role of native MFGM on plasma lipoproteins, using common dairy foods. In a single‐blinded, 8‐week iso‐caloric trial, fifty‐seven overweight (mean BMI 28) but healthy men and women (mean age 58 years) were randomized to consume 40 g dairy fat/day with or without MFGM. All dairy products were provided and subjects were not allowed to consume any other dairy products during the study. Subjects visited the clinic weekly for weighing and food distribution. Based on daily checklists, compliance in both groups was excellent. There were no differences in serum fatty acid composition suggesting similar intake of saturated fat in both groups. Although blood lipids were primary outcome, other aspects of cholesterol metabolism (e.g. PCSK9, lathosterol and C4) will be investigated, as well as cardiometabolic risk factors and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results will be presented at the meeting. This study could help to understand the divergent associations observed in the literature regarding intake of different dairy foods and cardiovascular risk.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The Swedish Research Council Formas (222‐2011‐305)
Effects of amino acid intake level in pregnant pigs on plasma metabolome (643.3)
Authors: Moehn Soenke , Han BeomSoo , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayan , Liu Philip , Bouatra Souhaila , Wishart David , Pencharz Paul , Ball Ronald , Plastow Graham 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine commonalities and differences in the metabolome in non‐pregnant pigs and in early (EG), late (LG) and entire pregnancy during the study of amino acid (AA) requirements. Each pig was fed 6 levels of test AA at maintenance and in both EG and LG. The metabolome of 331 plasma samples from 19 sows in their 2nd to 4th parity was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (MS) and direct injection MS. Data were evaluated using partial least square‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) in www.metaboanalyst.ca. Across AA tested, AA limitation affected (P<0.05) the metabolome at maintenance and in EG but not in LG. The AA level, across AA tested, was only significant in EG (P=0.01). For AA level, only urea was an important feature in maintenance, EG and LG. There were no common metabolites for AA limitation. The AA tested (Thr, Ile, Lys, Trp) affected (P<0.001) the metabolome at maintenance and in the entire pregnancy, EG and LG. Within AA tested, no significant results were found for Ile and Trp because of fewer observations (<40). The stage of pregnancy affected (P<0.05) the metabolome when studying Thr or Lys. In EG and LG, threonine and aminoadipate were the only common features for Thr and Lys, respectively. For Lys, AA limitation affected (P=0.036) the metabolome in EG but not in LG. For Thr, AA level affected (P=0.029) the metabolome in LG but not in EG. In this study, PLS‐DA could not identify common key metabolites for different AA and status of pregnancy. Metabolomics to determine key metabolites for the effect of AA intake needs to be applied within AA tested and within stage of pregnancy in pigs.Grant Funding Source: Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D inhibits glutamine metabolism in ras‐transformed MCF10A breast epithelial cells (644.12)
Authors: Zhou Xuanzhu , Zheng Wei , Tayyari Fariba , Gowda Nagana , Raftery Daniel , Donkin Shawn , Bequette Brian , Teegarden Dorothy 
Published: June 2021

Studies were designed to investigate the effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) on glutamine metabolism during cancer progression employing untransformed (10A) and ras oncogene transformed MCF10A human breast epithelial cells (ras). Glutamine restriction reduced cell number in both cell lines, and 1,25D ameliorated these reductions. Intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels, determined by NMR, were increased 25% in ras cells compared to 10A cells, and 1,25D reduced these levels by 23% in ras cells. Fractional glutamine and glutamate flux, utilizing U13C5‐L‐glutamine, into the TCA cycle was increased in ras cells by 21% and 18%, respectively, compared to 10A cells. 1,25D decreased glutamine flux into the TCA cycle by 18% and 31% in 10A and ras cells, respectively, and decreased glutamate flux into the TCA cycle by 13% and 17% in 10A and ras cells, respectively. The mRNA expression of the glutamine transporter, solute linked carrier family 1 member A5 (SLC1A5), was decreased by 34% in ras compared to 10A cells. 1,25D further decreased SLC1A5 mRNA expression in ras by 45%, but had no effect in 10A cells. These results suggest 1,25D may alter glutamine metabolism in ras cells by inhibiting glutamine uptake and utilization, in part through down‐regulation of SLC1A5.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R25CA128770 and NCI CCSG CA23168
Decreased coregulation and interaction of mixed dietary carotenoids when delivered through sequential release technology (645.14)
Authors: Venzon Dawna , Kazlova Valentina , Izzy Samantha , Intra Janjira , Gellenbeck Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Carotenoids are implicated as beneficial substances in human health yet human dietary intakes are repeatedly shown to be inadequate to current health recommendations. It may be useful to provide a balanced, naturally derived, mixed carotenoid supplement to address the widespread deficits in carotenoid consumption. However, when mixed carotenoids are delivered into the intestinal tract together considerable competition occurs for micelle formation and subsequent intestinal absorption, affecting the bioavailability of the compounds. Previously we have demonstrated a mixed carotenoid formulation that can release individual carotenoids in a sequential structure over the transit time of the human upper gastrointestinal system (6 hours). We hypothesized that temporally separating the individual carotenoids would reduce competition for micelle formation, improve uptake, and maximize efficacy. Here, we test this hypothesis by evaluating the change of carotenoid levels in the plasma chylomicron fraction for 8 hours after oral doses of a sequential release mixed carotenoid formulation in comparison to a matched conventional release formulation, in a randomized, double blind, repeated measure, cross‐over study in adult humans. We find the carotenoid change from baseline area under the curve (AUC) is more favorable following consumption of the sequential release format over that seen following the conventional release. Spearman’s correlation analysis also demonstrates less interaction and regulation between the sequentially spaced carotenoids, suggesting improved bioavailability from a novel sequential release mixed carotenoid formulation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Amway Corporation
Liver protein synthesis and glycogen storage with the progression of cancer cachexia (649.2)
Authors: Narsale Aditi , Puppa Melissa , Carson James 
Published: June 2021

Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by the loss of peripheral tissue and hypertrophy of visceral organs. The ApcMin/+ mouse model develops an IL‐6 dependent cachexia, leading to gradual loss of muscle and fat and hypertrophy of spleen and liver. The purpose of this study was to examine liver function related to protein synthesis and glycogen storage during the progression of cancer cachexia. Livers collected from non‐cachectic and cachectic ApcMin/+ mice were analyzed for marker of protein synthesis (p38) and degradation/angiogenesis marker ‐ MMP2 protein expression. Liver glycogen content was examined by PAS staining intensity. The role of cachexia related inflammation on liver metabolism was studied by 10mg/kg/day administration of PDTC, a STAT3 and NF‐ΚB inhibitor, for 2 weeks. As cachexia progressed there was suppression of Akt and p38 phosphorylation, and a reduction in liver glycogen content. MMP2 expression was also decreased 97% with severe cachexia. PDTC administration during severe cachexia did not rescue suppressed p38 phosphorylation or MMP2 expression. However, glycogen storage was increased in the PDTC treated cachectic Min mice as compared to the untreated mice. These results indicate that signaling regulating liver protein synthesis is suppressed with cachexia progression, and there is a loss of glycogen stores in severely cachectic mice, which is partially rescued by inhibition of STAT and NF‐ΚB signaling, irrespective of p38 suppression.Grant Funding Source: Supported by R01CA121249‐01A2