bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochromic Fabric Displays from a Robust, Open‐Air Fabrication Technique
Authors: Sinha Sneh , Daniels Robert , Yassin Omer , Baczkowski Matthew , Tefferi Mattewos , Deshmukh Ajinkya , Cao Yang , Sotzing Gregory 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrent wearable technology is often bulky and restrictive to fluid movement. This work details a single‐layer, hydrophobic, printed electrochromic textile that switches wirelessly from red to blue with a switching speed ≈30 s. Using a hole‐through fabrication method, the flexible devices offer aesthetics to the display by concealing all electronic connections on their backsides while maintaining their “fabric” feel. First, an all organic electrochromic planar textile device is fabricated by screen printing commercially available poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) onto finished poly (ethylene therephthalate) (PET) synthetic leather. A copolymer of 3,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy) thiophene and 3,4 dimethoxythiophene is then spray coated onto the printed PEDOT:PSS electrodes and the resulting device switched between red and blue at −1 and 2 V, respectively. A device is made to be hydrophobic by spray coating with a commercially available fabric protector. The electrochromic devices show promise for flexible display applications in any textile‐based markets, such as adaptive camouflage.
Control over Light Emission in Low‐Refractive‐Index Artificial Materials Inspired by Reciprocal Design
Authors: Maiwald Lukas , Sommer Timo , Sidorenko Mikhail S. , Yafyasov Ruslan R. , Mustafa Meraj E. , Schulz Marvin , Rybin Mikhail V. , Eich Manfred , Petrov Alexander Yu. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReciprocal space engineering allows tailoring the scattering response of media with a low refractive‐index contrast. Here it is shown that a quasiperiodic leveled‐wave structure with well‐defined reciprocal space and random real space distribution can be engineered to open a complete photonic bandgap (CPBG) for any refractive‐index contrast. For these structures, an analytical estimation is derived, which predicts that there is an optimal number of Bragg peaks for any refractive‐index contrast. A finite 2D or 3D CPBG is expected at this optimal number even for an arbitrarily small refractive‐index contrast. Results of numerical simulations of dipole emission in 2D and 3D structures support the estimations. In 3D simulations, an emission suppression of almost 10 dB is demonstrated with a refractive index down to 1.38. The 3D structures are realized by additive manufacturing on millimeter scale for a material with a refractive index of n ≈ 1.59. Measurements confirm a strong suppression of microwave transmission in the expected frequency range.
High‐Stability Patterned CsPbIxBr3−x Thin Films with Tunable Crystal Size Prepared by Solid‐Phase Reaction
Authors: Jin Xuan , Song Shixin , Liu Zhe , Wang Hong , Wang Bao , Guan Jie , Zhang Hao , Xu Qingyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDownsides such as pollution, stability, and cost limit the further optoelectronic applications of cesium lead halide inorganic perovskite thin films, prepared using traditional liquid‐phase and vapor‐phase reactions. This study investigates the preparation of inorganic perovskite CsPbIxBr3−x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) thin films based on a solid‐phase reaction. Two solid‐phase precursor thin films, with an appropriate thickness ratio, are deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and subsequently react under high temperature, without any by‐products or gas volatilization. Relying on lower structural destruction from solution evaporation, and a reduced intermolecular distance of PLD‐prepared solid‐phase precursors, the inorganic perovskite photodetectors based on a solid‐phase reaction demonstrate enhanced stability under ultrahigh humidity (90–95%). By altering the thickness of the two precursors, the crystal size of the inorganic perovskite thin films can be adjusted within the range from 40 to 150 nm. Reusable metallic masks can be applied on the PLD‐prepared precursors to prepare high‐precision inorganic perovskite arrays (9.6 µm). The results demonstrate the significance of a solid‐phase reaction method in the commercial application of inorganic perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Large‐Scale, Panchromatic Structural Color Manipulation via Thermal Trimming
Authors: Guo Tingbiao , Liu Zhenchao , Jin Yi , Wang Nan , Zhang Zhi , He Sailing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStructural color allows for a vibrant pigment‐free coloration for many potential applications. But now, it is still hindered in practice with crucial issues including complicated fabrication, defective and static appearance. Post‐trimming is proposed for defect‐free and controllable color manipulation after fabrication, which is significant for structural color in practical applications. Till now, most present post‐trimming methods are inhibited due to limited trimming range. Here, a simple and practical strategy supporting wafer‐scale and panchromatic structural color post‐trimming is proposed. By simply controlling a thermal oxidation process, the proposed device can be tuned precisely from red to blue covering the whole visible region. Moreover, a “burn to read” and “burn after reading” structural color is also demonstrated for the first time. Partial thermal oxidation can reveal the encoded information (i.e., “burn to read”) and complete oxidation will erase the encoded information (i.e., “burn after reading”) owing to a transition from a broadband Salisbury screen‐like cavity to a Gires‐Tournois‐like cavity. The trimming technology is further expanded by using an ns‐pulsed laser and on a flexible substrate, which implies this simple and reliable technology may promote the advancement and applications of structural color in security imaging, anti‐counterfeiting, color display, and printing.
Unusual Red Light Emission from Nonmetallic Cu2Te Microdisk for Laser and SERS Applications
Authors: Li Qiuguo , Rao Hao , Ma Xinzhou , Mei Haijuan , Zhao Zhengting , Gong Weiping , Camposeo Andrea , Pisignano Dario , Yang Xianguang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhysical characteristics of Cu2Te are poorly investigated due to limited Te sources available and unclear atomic positions of crystal structure. Herein, hexagonal Cu2Te microdisks are successfully prepared via chemical vapor deposition procedure using GaTe as Te source. The epitaxial growth mechanism of the Cu2Te hexagonal structures with the orthorhombic phase is rationalized by proposed layer‐over‐layer growth model. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of Cu2Te microdisks shows a new red emission band in addition to usual infrared light emission due to Cu deficiency. Single Cu2Te microdisk operates as an optical microcavity supporting whispering gallery modes for red lasing around 627.5 nm. This Cu2Te microdisk microcavity exhibits a high quality factor of 1568 and a low lasing threshold of 125 kW cm−2 at room temperature. Meanwhile, Cu2Te microdisks have been exhibited as an ideal platform for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) eliminating drawbacks of noble metal substrates with detection limitation to nanomolar level and an enhancement factor of ≈1.95 × 105. Hexagonal Cu2Te microdisks turn out to be an efficient microcavity for red lasing and low‐cost nonmetallic SERS substrates, opening potential applications in photonics and biological detection of aromatic molecules.
Ultrasensitive and Self‐Powered Terahertz Detection Driven by Nodal‐Line Dirac Fermions and Van der Waals Architecture
Authors: Zhang Libo , Dong Zhuo , Wang Lin , Hu Yibin , Guo Cheng , Guo Lei , Chen Yulu , Han Li , Zhang Kaixuan , Tian Shijian , Yao Chenyu , Chen Zhiqingzi , Cai Miao , Jiang Mengjie , Xing Huaizhong , Yu Xianbin , Chen Xiaoshuang , Zhang Kai , Lu Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTerahertz detection has been highly sought to open a range of cutting‐edge applications in biomedical, high‐speed communications, astronomy, security screening, and military surveillance. Nonetheless, these ideal prospects are hindered by the difficulties in photodetection featuring self‐powered operation at room temperature. Here, this challenge is addressed for the first time by synthesizing the high‐quality ZrGeSe with extraordinary quantum properties of Dirac nodal‐line semimetal. Benefiting from its high mobility and gapless nature, a metal‐ZrGeSe‐metal photodetector with broken mirror symmetry allows for a high‐efficiency photoelectric conversion assisted by the photo‐thermoelectric effect. The designed architecture features ultrahigh sensitivity, excellent ambient stability, and an efficient rectified signal even above 0.26 THz. Maximum responsivity larger than 0.11 A W−1, response time of 8.3 µs, noise equivalent power (NEP) less than 0.15 nW Hz−1/2, and demonstrative imaging application are all achieved. The superb performances with a lower dark current and NEP less than 15 pW Hz−1/2 are validated through integrating the van der Waals heterostructure. These results open up an appealing perspective to explore the nontrivial topology of Dirac nodal‐line semimetal by devising the peculiar device geometry that allows for a novel roadmap to address targeted terahertz application requirements.
Implantable Organic Artificial Synapses Exhibiting Crossover between Depressive and Facilitative Plasticity Response
Authors: Calandra Sebastianella Gioacchino , Di Lauro Michele , Murgia Mauro , Bianchi Michele , Carli Stefano , Zoli Michele , Fadiga Luciano , Biscarini Fabio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic neuromorphic devices mimic signal processing features of biological synapses, with short‐term plasticity, STP, modulated by the frequency of the input voltage pulses. Here, an artificial synapse, made of intracortical microelectrodes, is demonstrated that exhibits either depressive or facilitative STP. The crossover between the two STP regimes is controlled by the frequency of the input voltage. STP features are described with an equivalent circuit where an inductance component is introduced in parallel with the RC circuit associated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS)||electrolyte interface. The proposed RLC circuit explains the physical origin of the observed STP and its two timescales in terms of charge build up in PEDOT/PSS.
Determinants of infant mortality and representation in bioarchaeological samples: A review
Authors: McFadden Clare , Muir Brianna , Oxenham Marc F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn bioarchaeological contexts, a complex relationship exists between infant representation in the age‐at‐death distribution, gestational and young child mortality rates, and the total fertility rate. The representation of infants in a skeletal sample may be influenced by a range of social, biological, and archaeological factors. To better understand the interactions between representation, fertility, and mortality, this study evaluates the relationship between infant‐juvenile age‐at‐death proportions, fertility rates, and a range of gestational and early childhood mortality measures. The statistical component of this study found the correlation between fertility rates and infant‐juvenile proportions was stronger than with any mortality rate variable of interest. This suggests that the proportion of infants in a mortuary sample is a stronger indicator of fertility than it is of infant‐juvenile mortality. Social, biological, and archaeological variables potentially influencing infant representation in skeletal samples are discussed and a strongly contextualized and holistic approach to infant and juvenile mortality is recommended.
Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Late‐Stage Peptide and Protein Functionalization
Authors: Allouche Emmanuelle M. D. , Grinhagena Elija , Waser Jerome 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHypervalent iodine compounds are powerful reagents for the development of novel transformations. As they exhibit low toxicity, high functional group tolerance, and stability in biocompatible media, they have been used for the functionalization of biomolecules. Herein, we report recent advances up to June 2021 in peptide and protein modification using hypervalent iodine reagents. Their use as group transfer or oxidizing reagents is discussed in this Minireview, including methods targeting polar, aromatic, or aliphatic amino acids and peptide termini.
Kinetics of the production of alkyl esters by transesterification of soybean oil
Authors: de L. e Silva Benjamim Henrique , de Sena Gusmão Amanda , Pedroza da Silva Suzana , V. Faria Rui P. , E. Rodrigues Alírio , P. Schuler Alexandre Ricardo , Moraes de Abreu Cesar A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiodiesel was produced by transesterification from soybean oil using methanol (methanolysis) and ethanol (ethanolysis) under conditions including NaOH/alcohol 0.50% wt, molar ratio alcohol:oil = 6:1, 600 rpm, 333 K. The evolution of biodiesel and glycerol esters concentrations were obtained by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, respectively, as a basis for the evaluation of the kinetics of the process. A mathematical model was developed to represent the batch transesterification operations, referring to a mechanism including reactive acylglycerols and intermediates, esters, and glycerol. Considering the importance of the composition of fatty esters in biodiesel, their evolution during processing was quantified. The specific reaction rates for methanolysis and ethanolysis were 0.245 and 0.275 min−1, respectively. The concentration evolution of each fatty ester of the biodiesel was predicted by the solutions of the model equations, based on specific reaction rate constants quantified in the orders of magnitude k = 0.225–0.245 min−1 for methanolysis, and k = 0.225–0.275 min−1 for ethanolysis. Selectivity and yield values of the fatty esters were calculated: it was found Si = 23.5%–25.6% and Ri = 66.3%–89.1% for methanolysis and Si = 21.8%–26.7% and Ri = 74.1%–90.6% for ethanolysis. Based on the model, predictions of the kinetic behavior of acylglycerols reactants (triacylglycerois) and intermediates (monacylglycerois, diacylglycerois) were established.
Porphyrin cross‐linked conjugated polymer nanoparticles‐based photosensitizer for antimicrobial and anticancer photodynamic therapies
Authors: Duah Ishmeal Kwaku , Khaligh Aisan , Koç Ahmet , Başaran Duygu Deniz Akolpoğlu , Tuncel Dönüs 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report here the synthesis and characterization of a water dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticle‐based photosensitizer and its application in the antibacterial and anticancer phototherapies. Nanoparticles (CPPN) were synthesized in one‐pot by nanoprecipitation method, in which a hydrophobic azide functionalized, red‐emitting thiophene‐benzothiodiazole based conjugated polymer (CP‐AZ) was cross‐linked with a hydrophilic, propargylamine functionalized porphyrin (TPP‐4AL) through cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CB6‐AAC) reaction. CPPN demonstrated high stability in aqueous medium for more than a month without any visible aggregation and appeared to be a good photosensitizer with high light‐triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability. Consequently, CPPN displayed photo‐induced biocidal activity against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, E. coli) and Gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis, B. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus) bacteria. When bacteria suspension was incubated with CPPN (20 μg ml−1) and irradiated with white light (22 mW cm−2) for 10 min, more than 3.5‐log reduction in colony‐forming units (CFUs) was recorded for the three model bacteria. CPPN demonstrated minimal dark cytotoxicity against the bacteria. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of CPPN on mammalian cell was studied using MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line. The results demonstrated that CPPN is non‐toxic to mammalian cells in the dark even at a high concentration of 112.5 μg ml−1 and this feature makes CPPN an ideal photosensitizer.
Antiprotozoal agents: How have they changed over a decade?
Authors: Fernandes Vitória de Souza , da Rosa Rafael , Zimmermann Lara A. , Rogério Kamilla R. , Kümmerle Arthur E. , Bernardes Lilian S. C. , Graebin Cedric S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeglected tropical diseases are a diverse group of communicable diseases that are endemic in low‐ or low‐to‐middle‐income countries located in tropical and subtropical zones. The number and availability of drugs for treating these diseases are low, the administration route is inconvenient in some cases, and most of them have safety, efficacy, or adverse/toxic reaction issues. The need for developing new drugs to deal with these issues is clear, but one of the most drastic consequences of this negligence is the lack of interest in the research and development of new therapeutic options among major pharmaceutical companies. Positive changes have been achieved over the last few years, although the overall situation remains alarming. After more than one decade since the original work reviewing antiprotozoal agents came to light, now it is time to question ourselves: How has the scenario for the treatment of protozoal diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, and American trypanosomiasis changed? This review covers the last decade in terms of the drugs currently available for the treatment of these diseases as well as the clinical candidates being currently investigated.
Diffusion of theories and theoretical models in theIbero‐Americanresearch on information behavior
Authors: González‐Teruel Aurora , Araújo Carlos‐Alberto‐Ávila , Sabelli Martha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIbero‐American research on information behavior (IB) lacks the visibility typical of other parts of the world, and little is known about it in countries outside the area. The objective of this paper has therefore been to analyze the way in which Ibero‐American research incorporates various theoretical references to empirical research on IB. The results point to the existence of different focuses of research in the past 10 years, in the sense of a reduced empirical approach and a moderate to minimal use of theories in the design of such research. Furthermore, the most cited theories and models of IB at an international level are those most widely applied in this geographical area, and the use of a wide variety of theoretical frameworks has been demonstrated, which gives the research under review a cognitive, but also sociocultural, perspective. Future research should further elaborate on this issue, including other types of documents, such as conference papers, books, and theses, while taking into account the publication landscape of the geographical area in question.
The undergraduate research experience as a vehicle for employability development—The student participants speak
Authors: Carpenter Lauren , Nguyen Bindi , Davis Laura , Rowland Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe employability of science graduates if of key concern. Employers report that STEM graduates lack appropriate employability skills and work experience, and science graduates take longer to find full‐time work than graduates from many other programs. Undergraduate research experience (URE) is an important pedagogy that involves student immersion in a professional research environment—as such it provides an opportunity for science students to develop their understanding of the world of work, and of their own developing employability. In this study, we examine students' reflections on their URE learnings and their resultant perceived employability. We ask whether students understand the value of the URE as an employability development vehicle and consider what can be done to improve the employability learnings from the URE. The results show that students articulate multiple learnings from their UREs, but they struggle to translate these learnings into an employability or non‐research‐work context. We conclude that UREs are important opportunities to learn about work in science, but that URE students would benefit from URE curriculum components that foreground the way UREs can help develop students' employability. The insights from this study can help inform and refine future URE programs to improve their efficacy as vehicles to benefit graduate employability.
Effects of somatic treatments on suicidal ideation and completed suicides
Authors: Hawkins Elise M , Coryell William , Leung Stephen , Parikh Sagar V. , Weston Cody , Nestadt Paul , Nurnberger John I. , Kaplin Adam , Kumar Anupama , Farooqui Ali A. , El‐Mallakh Rif S. ,   For the National Network of Depression Centers Suicide Prevention Task Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis work was undertaken to define and characterize the role of currently available somatic treatments in psychiatry in either increasing or reducing the risk for suicide.MethodsMembers of the Suicide Prevention Task Group of the National Network of Depression Centers performed a literature review of somatic treatments known to increase or reduce the risk for suicide. The reviews ventured to include all relevant information about the risk for both suicide ideation and completed suicides.ResultsLithium and clozapine are the only two somatic treatments that have high‐quality data documenting their antisuicide effects in mood disorders and schizophrenia, respectively. Lithium discontinuation is also associated with increased suicide risk. Ketamine and esketamine may have a small, but immediate, antisuicide effect. Despite the recent Food and Drug Administration approval of esketamine use in depressed suicidal patients, the small disproportional overrepresentation of suicide in subjects who had received esketamine versus placebo (3 vs. 0 among > 3500 subjects) requires ongoing evaluation. The purported antisuicide effect of electroconvulsive therapy is based on low‐quality data. The effect of antidepressants is not at all clear. There appears to be direct evidence for antidepressants increasing suicidal ideation and the risk for suicide over the short‐term in young people, but indirect (low quality) evidence that antidepressants reduce suicide risk over the long term.ConclusionsClinicians have an expanding pharmacopeia to address suicide potential in their patients. Some of the agents with documented antisuicide effects may also increase suicidality under specific circumstances.