bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma Knife versus Frameless Linear Accelerator Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases: Clinical Outcomes and Factors Associated with Local Failure and Radiation Necrosis
Authors: Alexander Gregory S. , Remick Jill S. , Kowalski Emily S. , Sun Kai , Poirer Yannick , Becker Stewart , Lamichhane Naru , Eisenberg Howard , Slawson Robert G. , Woodworth Graeme F , Regine William F. , Mishra Mark V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSingle-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SF-SRS) for the treatment of brain metastases can be delivered with either a Gamma-Knife platform (GK-SRS) or with a frameless linear accelerator (LA-SRS) which vary based on patterns of prescribing, patient setup and radiation delivery. Whether these differences affect clinical outcomes is unknown. MethodsPatients treated for metastatic brain cancer treated with SF-SRS from 2014-2020 were retrospectively reviewed and clinical outcomes were recorded on a per lesion basis. Covariates between groups were compared using a Chi-square analysis for dichotomous variables and t-test for continuous variables. Median follow up was calculated using the reverse Kaplan Meier (KM) method. Primary endpoints of local failure (LF) and symptomatic radiation necrosis (RN) were estimated using the KM method with salvage WBRT used as a censoring event. Outcome estimates were compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis (MVA) and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used for statistical analyses. Propensity score (PS) adjustments were used to reduce the effects confounding variables.ResultsOverall, 119 patients with 287 lesions were included for analysis which included 57 patients (127 lesions) treated with LA-SRS compared to 62 patients (160 lesions) treated with GK-SRS. On both multivariate and univariate analysis, there was no statistically significant differences between GK-SRS and LA-SRS for LF, RN, or the combined endpoint of either LF or RN (multivariate p-value=0.17).ConclusionsIn our retrospective cohort, we found no statistically significant differences in the incidence of RN or LF in patients treated with GK-SRS when compared to LA-SRS.Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered
Taxonomic, structural diversity and carbon stocks in a gradient of island forests
Authors: Silva Lurdes , Pavão Diogo Cláudio , Elias Rui Bento , Moura Mónica , Ventura Maria Anunciação , Silva Luis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Assessment of forest ecosystems and their services is seen as a key action for the advancement of biodiversity objectives, and to inform the development and implementation of related policies and planning. We assessed biodiversity, structure and carbon stocks in a gradient of three forest types (Natural Forest-NF; Exotic Woodland-EW and Production Forest-PF) in three of the Azores islands. We used biodiversity indices and found that NF harbored the highest plant biodiversity levels and PF the lowest. Diversity levels were lower for structural than for taxonomic data, particularly for PF. The highest tree carbon stock was found at EW in one of the islands, while PF consistently exhibited relatively high tree carbon stocks in the three islands. The largest soil carbon stocks were found at EW, while leaf litter carbon stocks were higher at PF. We concluded that NF play a fundamental role as biodiversity hotspots but have lower relevance as carbon stocks. PFs provide economic assets and act as carbon sinks, while EWs play a major role as carbon sinks in soil, but also at tree level in the oldest forests. A full quantification of forest value would also include ecosystem services such as water protection, recreation and aesthetic value.
Meta-learning Prediction of Physical and Chemical Properties of Magnetized Water and Fertilizer Based on LSTM
Authors: Nie Jing , Wang Nianyi , Li Jingbin , Wang Kang , Wang Hongkun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDue to the high cost of data collection and labeling for magnetization detection of medium, the sample size is limited, it is not suitable to use deep learning method to predict its change trend. The prediction of physical and chemical properties of magnetized water and fertilizer(PCPMWF) by meta-learning can help to explore the effects of magnetized water and fertilizer irrigation on crops. MethodIn this article, we propose a meta-learning optimization model based on the meta-learner LSTM in the field of regression prediction of PCPMWF. In meta-learning, LSTM is used to replace MAML's gradient descent optimizer for regression tasks, enables the meta-learner to learn the update rules of the LSTM, and apply it to update the parameters of the model. The proposed method is compared with the experimental results of MAML and LSTM to verify the feasibility and correctness.ResultsThe average absolute percentage error of the meta-learning optimization model of meta-learner LSTM is reduced by 0.37% compared with the MAML model, and by 4.16% compared with the LSTM model.ConclusionsIn the case of few sample, the proposed model is superior to the traditional LSTM model and the basic MAML model.
Integrating PrEP Delivery in Public Health Family Planning Clinics: A Protocol for a Pragmatic Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial in Kenya
Authors: Mugwanya Kenneth K , Matemo Daniel , Scoville Caitlin W , Beima-Sofie Kristin M , Meisner Allison , Onyango Dickens , Mugambi Mary , Feutz Erika , Grabow Cole , Barnabas Ruanne , Weiner Bryan , Baeten Jared M , Kinuthia John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Adolescent girls and young women account for a disproportionate fraction of new HIV infections in Africa and are a priority population for HIV prevention, including provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Anchoring PrEP delivery to care settings like family planning (FP) services that women already access routinely may offer an efficient platform to reach HIV at-risk women. However, context-specific implementation science evaluation is needed.Methods: The Family Planning Plus Project is a prospective, pragmatic implementation evaluation, designed as a stepped wedge, cluster randomized trial, at 12 clinics in Kenya. In collaboration with the Kenya Ministry of Health and Kisumu County Department of Health, we will introduce integration of HIV risk screening and PrEP delivery in public health FP clinics. The core multifaceted implementation strategies to integrate PrEP in FP clinics will include: 1) PrEP delivery by existing FP clinic staff; 2) health provider training; 3) PrEP technical assistance to coach and mentor providers; 4) joint supervision with Kisumu County health officials; and 5) stakeholder engagement. All core components of PrEP delivery– including screening for HIV risk, HIV testing, dispensing, adherence and risk reduction counseling, assessment of side effects, and provision of refills, or safety assessment– will be conducted by existing FP clinic staff as part of a standard care service package. The goal is to catalyze sustainable scale-up within existing infrastructures beyond the project. We will rigorously evaluate implementation outcomes and impact, using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework and we will use Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Science Research (CFIR) to assess readiness to implement and contextual enablers and barriers of implementation, including how clinics innovate efficient delivery systems.Discussion: Anchoring PrEP delivery to existing FP systems and staffing has tremendous potential to address barriers that women face in accessing HIV prevention and PrEP care, including lack of time, cost, and stigma of visiting a facility solely for HIV prevention. The FP Plus Project will initiate preparation for full-scale and sustainable model of integration of comprehensive HIV prevention services, including PrEP implementation, in public health FP clinics in low-income settings. Trial registration: Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on December 14, 2020: NCT04666792.
Intraocular Pressure Trend Following Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Fakhraie Ghasem , Vahedian Zakieh , Zarei Reza , Eslami Yadollah , tabatabaei seyed mehdi , Hadi Abdollah , Ghods Sepideh , Fakhraie Ali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) trend and risk factors for IOP rise after myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).Patients and MethodsOne eye of each patient undergone PRK for myopia was randomly assigned to this study. All eyes underwent tonometry by CorVis Scheimpflug Technology (CST) tonometer (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months after surgery. The eyes with IOP rise more than 5 mmHg and the risk factors were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier graph and multiple Cox regression analysis.Results348 eyes of 348 patients were enrolled in this study. Forty-three eyes (12.35%) experienced an IOP rise of more than 5 mmHg. Eyes with IOP rise had higher baseline IOP (Median 19 mmHg (IQR 18 – 22) versus. Median 15 mmHg (IQR 14 – 16); p< 0.001). Baseline central corneal thickness (CCT) was higher in eyes without IOP rise (Median 520 µm (IQR 509 – 541) versus. Median 535 µm (IQR 518 – 547); p= 0.009). in multivariate Cox regression analysis higher baseline IOP was a risk factor for IOP rise (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.59 (95% CI 1.43 – 1.77); p< 0.001) while higher baseline CCT was protective (HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 – 0.98); p< 0.001).Conclusion﻿Eyes with higher baseline IOP and lower baseline CCT are at increased risk of IOP rise after PRK and should be monitored more frequently.
Evaluation of the Different Methods to Detect Salmonella in Poultry Feces Samples
Authors: Farahani Reza Khaltabadi , Meskini Maryam , Langeroudi Arash Ghalyanchi , Gharibzadeh Safoora , Ghosh Soumya , Farahani Amir Hossien Khaltabadi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common causes of food-borne outbreaks and infection worldwide. The gold standard detection method of Salmonella is cultivation. With time-consuming cultivation, there is a need to investigate rapid and accurate processes. The study evaluated different approaches to detect Salmonella in poultry feces samples. Poultry farm feces samples from 21 cities in Iran were collected from January 2016 to December 2019. Microbiological cultures, serological assays, and multiplex PCR (m-PCR) were used to detect and characterize Salmonella spp. isolates. Serological assays and m-PCR were used to determine the serogroups A, B, C1, C2, D1, E, H, and FliC. The m-PCR was used for the detection of seven Salmonella serovars and a chi-square test was performed to compare the discriminatory power of the methods. Out of 2300 poultry feces samples, 173 (7.5%) and 166 (7.2%) samples were detected as Salmonella spp. by cultivation and m-PCR, respectively. The sensitivity of the molecular method was equal to cultivation at 0.96 (CI = 95%). Assessment of H antigenic subgroups showed the same for both m-PCR and serological tests. Therefore, the matching rate of the two methods for detection of all H antigenic subgroups was 100%. Thus, the relationship between the results obtained from both methods was significant in the contingency table test (P < 0.01). The PCR-based approach confirmed the detection of Salmonella in a shorter period (24–36 hours) compared to the conventional microbiological approach (3–8 days).
Implications of covariate induced test dependence on the diagnostic accuracy of latent class analysis in pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Keter Alfred Kipyegon , Lynen Lutgarde , Heerden Alastair van , Goetghebeur Els , Jacobs Bart K.M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Lack of a perfect reference standard for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis complicates assessment of accuracy of new diagnostic tests. Alternative strategies such as discrepant resolution and use of composite reference standards may lead to incorrect inferences on disease prevalence and diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity. Latent class analysis (LCA), a statistical method for analyzing diagnostic test results in the absence of a gold standard, allows correct estimation under strict assumptions. The model assumes that the diagnostic tests are independent conditional on the true disease status and that the diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity remain constant across subpopulations. These assumptions are violated when a factor such as severe comorbidity affects the prevalence and/or alters the diagnostic test performance. We aim to provide guidance on correct estimation of the prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy based on LCA when a known factor induces dependence among the diagnostic tests. If unaccounted for, this dependence may lead to misleading inferences.
Methods

Through likelihood evaluation and simulation we examined implications of likely model violations on estimation of prevalence, sensitivity and specificity among passive case-finding presumptive PTB patients with or without HIV. We generated independent results for five diagnostic tests conditional on PTB and HIV. We performed Bayesian LCA, separately for five and three diagnostic tests using four working models with or without constant PTB prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy across HIV subpopulations.
Results

In evaluating three diagnostic tests, the models accounting for heterogeneity in diagnostic accuracy produced consistent estimates while the models ignoring it produced biased estimates. The model ignoring heterogeneity in PTB prevalence is less problematic. When evaluating five diagnostic tests, the models were robust to violation of the assumptions.
Conclusions

Well-chosen covariate-specific adaptations of the model can avoid bias implied by recognized heterogeneity in PTB patient populations generating otherwise dependent test results in LCA.
Three Principles, Expertise and Well-being: Introducing the 3PHR-scale
Authors: Denkers Adriaan , Catherine-Gray Jeanne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The popularity of Three Principles of Health Realization (3PHR) interventions among mental health professionals is increasing. We developed a scale to measure the core theoretical beliefs that underlie 3PHR interventions: Thought, Consciousness, and Mind. To test the scale, we surveyed 282 participants enrolled in an annual 3PHR conference (n = 238). We examined the construct validity using confirmatory factor analyses and investigated its associations with 3PHR expertise on one side and well-being—in particular, purpose in life and affect—on the other. We also examined the mediating effect of the 3PHR scale in explaining the relationship between 3PHR expertise and well-being. The factor analyses confirmed the three-factor structure. Results further demonstrated strong positive interrelations between 3PHR expertise, the 3PHR scale and subscales, and levels of well-being. The relationship between expertise and well-being measures was found to be fully mediated by scores on the 3PHR scale. Both the new measurement tool and the results contribute to furthering the knowledge about potentially important drivers of well-being.
Treating intrasurgical complications of corneal refractive operation with customized ablation. A clinical case
Authors: Khodzhabekyan N. V. , Khandzhyan A. T. , Ivanova A. V. , Letnikova K. B. , Sklyarova A. S. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: to evaluate the prospects of customized Finalfit based ablation for optical rehabilitation of a patient with corneal surface errors caused by intrasurgical microtome-induced damage of a corneal flap during a LASIK excimer laser correction of vision.Material and methods. In Helmholtz Center, a patient with such damage was given a phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) combined with topographyguided photorefractive keratectomy.Results. In two months after the surgery, the patient’s uncorrected visual acuity rose from 0.15 to 1.0; the spherical component of refraction changed from -3.5 to +1.0 D, the cylindrical component of refraction fell from 1.75 to 0.25 D. Aberrometry demonstrated a decrease of RMS from 2.19 to 0.61 D, Total HOAs from 2.281 to 0.829; Tilt from 0.406 to 0.313; HOA from 1.152 to 0.247, Coma from 0.298 to 0.124, Trefoil from 1.088 to 0.094, SA from 0,127 to 0,021.Conclusion. The clinical case demonstrates the expediency and efficiency of corneal remodeling for the rehabilitation of induced errors of the corneal surface by excimer laser correction of vision based on PTK (Flex scan) + FinalFit after corneal refractive surgery.
Electrophysiological markers of advanced stages of glaucomatous optic neuropathy
Authors: Kotelin V. I. , Zueva M. V. , Tsapenko I. V. , Petrov S. Yu. , Zhuravleva A. N. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: to determine the changes in electrophysiological parameters reflecting specific dysfunctions of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at advanced stages of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON).Material and methods. The study involved 35 patients (55 eyes) aged 51–76 (63.1 ± 7.7 years) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), divided into two subgroups depending on POAG stages: developed (24 patients, 27 eyes) and advanced stages (24 patients, 28 eyes). The age-matched control group (aged 51–72, 59.8 ± 5.9) included 28 relatively healthy individuals (32 eyes). Transient and steady-state pattern ERG (PERG) and photopic negative response (PhNR) were recorded according to ISCEV standards.Results. A decrease in the amplitude of the transient PERG's N95 and P50-waves and steady-state PERG was found, the degree of which showed an inverse dependence on the angular size of the stimulus, which clearly distinguished the developed and advanced POAG stages from the initial GON. The developed stages are characterized by a decrease in the PhNR amplitude, calculated from the baseline, and the PhNR/b index, the reduction of which was the more significant the greater the intensity of the flash. A significant delay of the N95 peak for patterns of all angular sizes and a less pronounced lengthening of the latency of the P50 wave (significant only for small stimuli 0.8° and 0.3°) in comparison with the age norm were found. The latencies of the steady-state PERG and PhNR practically did not differ from the age norm values.Conclusion. The revealed reduction in the amplitudes of N95 and P50 waves of transient and steady-state PERG, PhNR, and the PhNR/b index, as well as an increase in the peak latency of N95 and P50 waves of transient PERG, may be markers of functional changes in the retina associated with non-adaptive plasticity or reflecting a combination of the processes of adaptive plasticity and degeneration of RGCs. Further research in this area will help give a more accurate characterization of the found regularities and apply the obtained results in clinical practice.
Effects of land use and nutrients on the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the Nanchong Section of Jialing River, China in December 2019
Authors: Zhang Liuqing , Zhu Xiaohua , Huang Xing , Liu Chaorong , Yang Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in aquatic ecosystems can reflect the impacts of human activities on the carbon-cycling process. However, direct evidence of the combined effect of land use and anthropogenic nutrients on CDOM characteristics in river ecosystems is limited. Herein, we collected water samples from 18 sites in the Nanchong section of Jialing River in December 2019 to elucidate how the land use and nutrients affect the source and composition of CDOM through parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis of excitation–emission matrices (EEMs). First, the absorption coefficient a254 (r2=0.29, p&lt;0.01) and three fluorescence components (humic-like C1 and C2 and protein-like C3) (r2=0.31–0.37, p&lt;0.01) significantly increased with increased urban area, and the four parameters were higher in the urban area than in the suburbs (p&lt;0.05). The correlation between small-size CDOM molecule and cropland was positive (p&lt;0.01). Second, the increase in nutrient levels increased the a254 (r2=0.84 and 0.33, p&lt;0.01) and three fluorescence components (r2=0.30–0.84, p&lt;0.01 or p&lt;0.05). Third, allochthonous CDOM were prevalent in the Nanchong Section of Jialing River, and the proportions of C1 and C2 were 42 and 41%, respectively. Our findings indicated that the variability of source and composition of CDOM significantly depended on urbanization and increased nutrients in the Nanchong Section of Jialing River.
Eficacia del timol en el control del hongo Nosema ceranae infectando abejas africanizadas
Authors: Vargas-Valero Azucena , Barrientos-Medina Roberto C. , Medina Medina Luis A. 
Published: September 2021

Nosema ceranae, es un parásito obligatorio del intestino medio de las abejas melíferas que causa destrucción de las células epiteliales afectando la digestión y asimilación del alimento, impactando negativamente el desarrollo y sobrevivencia de las colonias de abejas. Con la finalidad de reducir los efectos negativos, se evaluó la eficacia del timol en el control de esta parasitosis. El estudio se realizó en dos apiarios experimentales con un total de 56 colonias de abejas distribuidas en tres grupos experimentales: G1) 18 colonias que recibieron tratamiento con fumagilina como producto de referencia (25.2 mg de fumagilina/semana); G2) 19 colonias que recibieron tratamiento con timol como producto alternativo (66 mg de cristales/semana) y G3) 19 colonias que no recibieron ningún tratamiento (grupo testigo). Los tratamientos con la fumagilina y timol se aplicaron a través del jarabe de azúcar una vez por semana durante cuatro semanas consecutivas. Los niveles de infección de N. ceranae se estimaron en el macerado del abdomen de 60 abejas adultas colectadas de cada colonia experimental. Los resultados al final de los tratamientos indican que las colonias que recibieron fumagilina (G1) disminuyeron sus niveles de infección de 123,529 a 1,805 esporas por abeja; para G2 (timol), la reducción fue de 133,438 a 28,099 esporas por abeja, y para las colonias del grupo testigo (G3) fue de 119,306 a 36,447 esporas por abeja. Los tres grupos experimentales presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en los niveles de infección de N. ceranae al final de los tratamientos. La fumagilina presentó una mayor eficacia (95.2 %) en comparación con el timol la, cual fue baja (31.1 % de eficacia) indicando que se requieren estudios adicionales para determinar la concentración más efectiva a nivel de colonia bajo condiciones tropicales de Yucatán, a fin de que este aceite esencial de origen vegetal sea incorporado como producto alternativo para el control de esta parasitosis.
Spice raw material available in the domestic grocery trade
Authors: MOŻDŻEŃ KATARZYNA , BARABASZ-KRASNY BEATA , SZPYTMA EWA 
Published: September 2021

Spices are a group of plants represented in every corner of the world by numerous species and used in a variety of ways. The analyses show that over 80 spice ingredients from plants belonging to 33 families are available in grocery trade in Poland. The most numerous families are: Apiaceae, Lamiaceae and Zingiberaceae. Both spices based on domestic plants and those found naturally in other climatic zones can be found on markets. The most spice raw materials come from plants that grow naturally and are grown in Asia and the Mediterranean countries. Some of the species, e.g. caraway (Carum carvi L.), wild celery(Angelica archangelica L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), occur in the wild state in Central and Eastern Europe. In Polish grocery trade, spices are available mainly in dried and ground form, and the most sold ones are: black pepper, bay leaf, allspice, cumin, garlic, paprika, marjoram, fennel, parsley, nutmeg and cinnamon. Recently, mixtures of spices for specific meals such as pizza, fish, chicken, barbecued dishes and sauces, are also eagerly bought.