bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Field Driven Ceria Nanosystems for Mitochondria Targeted Therapy of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Liao Jun , He Wenxiu , Zhang Shiming , Wang Jingya , Cheng Hansen , Gong Lidong , Li Yanglonghao , Sun Yuhan , Lu Dan , Zhang Chuan , Lu Ying , Zhang Qiang , Lin Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNanomedicine based brain targeting strategies have emerged as a promising avenue for ischemic stroke (IS) treatment. However, conventional targeting approaches face significant challenges in manipulating biodistribution and achieving efficient brain targeting to attain adequate therapeutic effects. Here, this limitation is overcame by developing a magnetic field driven, mitochondria‐targeted ceria nanosystem (MMTCe) nanosystem. By anchoring magnetic nanoparticles to the cell membrane, efficient brain targeted delivery of the nanosystem is achieved through the use of an external magnetic field, which in turn targets damaged mitochondria and repairs the ischemic microenvironment. MMTCe exhibits superior accumulation in the brain within an in vitro blood brain barrier (BBB) model and in a rat model of stroke. This targeting mediates mitochondrial function, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress and aberrant activation of microglial cells, ultimately inducing rebalancing of the ischemic microenvironment. Complemented by a favorable biosafety profile, the top‐down fabrication of MMTCe provides a general targeting strategy for brain diseases and informs the development of magnetically driven brain targeted delivery systems.
Constructing PVDF‐Based Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries by Polymer‐Induced Phase Structure Adjustment Strategy
Authors: Li Yueshan , Yuan Weihao , Hu Zhen , Shen Yibo , Wu Guoshuai , Cong Fei , Fu Xinzhe , Lu Fei , Li Yunling , Liu Pengxiang , Huang Yudong , Li Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe phase separation between solvents and polymers during the processing leads to the porous structure of PVDF electrolyte, resulting in uneven distribution of ion channels, accelerating the growth of lithium dendrites. Moreover, the various crystal structures of PVDF hinder the migration of Li+, setting obstacles for the improvement of ion conductivity. Here, an amorphous polymer system (BPE) with excellent lithium salt affinity is introduced into the PVDF electrolyte as a bridge to eliminate phase separation structures. The porous structure of PVDF electrolyte is densified by utilizing the amorphous properties of BPE and its affinity for PVDF and lithium salt, thus homogenizing the distribution of ion channels. Furthermore, BPE inhibited the crystallization of PVDF, improving the Li+ conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. The obtained polymer electrolyte system (BPLE) has high ionic conductivity (1.6 × 10−3 S cm−1) and Li+ transference number (0.66) at room temperature. The LiFePO4||Li cell assembled with BPLE‐1 achieved an initial capacity of 149 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 98% (1C, 500 cycles, RT). At a current density of 2C, the LiFePO4||Li battery achieved a specific capacity of 142 mAh g−1 and the capacity retention rate exceeds 84% after 800 cycles.
High‐Entropy Configuration Regulating Interlayer Oxygen Charge Toward High‐Voltage and Air‐Stability Layered Cathode in High‐Loading Sodium Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Qiu Jilong , Qin Mulan , Huang Fei , Cheng Qing , Guo Shan , Cao Xinxin , Lei Yongpeng , Liang Shuquan , Fang Guozhao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRevealing interlayer oxygen charge is of great significance in understanding the high‐voltage and air stability of sodium layered cathodes, but it currently lacks attention. Particularly, the stability of sodium ion full batteries under high cathode loading (≥8 mg cm−2) also faces extremely challenges. Here, the interlayer oxygen charge and its mechanism for high‐voltage and air stability are revealed in a high‐entropy O3‐Na0.85Li0.1Al0.02Sn0.08Cu0.1Ti0.1Ni0.3Mn0.3O2 (HEO) cathode, which enables robust high‐cathode‐loading sodium‐ion full batteries. The high‐entropy doping effectively maintains the transition metal (TM)─O bond covalency, stabilizing interlayer oxygen charge. The stable O─O repulsion avoids structural collapse, realizing the P3‐OP2‐P3 reversible phase transition. Moreover, reduced interlayer oxygen charge achieves the Na layer contraction and the Na─O bond enhancement. These features inhibit the attack of water and Na loss, realizing well air stability. Therefore, the HEO cathode exhibits a good stability up to 900 cycles under 2.0‒4.3 V and a high‐capacity retention of 96.12% after 5 day air exposure. The pouch full cell with ≈16 mg cm−2 cathode loading exhibits ≈60 mAh and lasts for 100 cycles. This work contributes the new insights into both high‐voltage and air stability of layered cathodes for practical sodium ion full batteries.
Ultrafast Charge Transfer on Ru‐Cu Atomic Units for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Feng Chengyang , Alharbi Jumanah , Hu Miao , Zuo Shouwei , Luo Jun , Qahtani Hassan S. Al , Rueping Magnus , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Zhang Huabin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhotosensitizer‐assisted photocatalytic systems offer a solution to overcome the limitations of inherent light harvesting capabilities in catalysts. However, achieving efficient charge transfer between the dissociative photosensitizer and catalyst poses a significant challenge. Incorporating photosensitive components into reactive centers to establish well‐defined charge transfer channels is expected to effectively address this issue. Herein, the electrostatic‐driven self‐assembly method is utilized to integrate photosensitizers into metal–organic frameworks, constructing atomically Ru‐Cu bi‐functional units to promote efficient local electron migration. Within this newly constructed system, the [Ru(bpy)2]2+ component and Cu site serve as photosensitive and catalytic active centers for photocarrier generation and H2O2 production, respectively, and their integration significantly reduces the barriers to charge transfer. Ultrafast spectroscopy and in situ characterization unveil accelerated directional charge transfer over Ru‐Cu units, presenting orders of magnitude improvement over dissociative photosensitizer systems. As a result, a 37.2‐fold enhancement of the H2O2 generation rate (570.9 µmol g−1 h−1) over that of dissociative photosensitizer system (15.3 µmol g−1 h−1) is achieved. This work presents a promising strategy for integrating atomic‐scale photosensitive and catalytic active centers to achieve ultrafast photocarrier transfer and enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Mechanically Compatible Sealing of Hydrogel with Coherent Interface
Authors: Cai Daohang , Xia Rui , Shao Yan , Chen Guoli , Liu Liqian , Li Yunfei , Zhang Pei , Zhi Yinglin , Li Chun , Wen Yifan , Cheng Xing , Liu Ji , Yu Yanhao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLong‐term operation of hydrogels relies on protective coatings to avoid water swelling or evaporation, but these protections often cause substantial decreases in overall softness and stretchability. Here, a mechanically compatible seal with a coherent interfacial design is developed to encapsulate hydrogels. This seal is made from polybutylene (PIB) and polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) blended poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) (SIBS). The PIB oligomers soften the SIBS networks, while the MAH groups facilitate covalent bonding between the SIBS and hydrogel. The sealed hydrogel exhibits an elastic modulus of 24 kPa and an elongation at a break of >1000%, both comparable to those of the pristine hydrogel. The adhesion energy between the seal and hydrogel reached >140 J m−2 and can be further increased to >400 J m−2 by a thermal treatment. This tough interface, together with the intrinsically low water vapor transmission rate of SIBS, allows the sealed hydrogel to maintain its modulus and stretchability after 10 days of drying in air. The sealed hydrogel is chemically and mechanically stable under harsh conditions, including acidic/alkaline/salty solutions, high temperatures, and cyclic mechanical deformation. This strategy applies to various hydrogels with diverse compositions and structures, leading to orders of magnitude improvements in the longevity of hydrogel‐based electronic devices.
Fully Field‐Free Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching Induced by Spin Splitting Effect in Altermagnetic RuO2
Authors: Li Zhuoyi , Zhang Zhe , Chen Yuzhe , Hu Sicong , Ji Yingjie , Yan Yu , Du Jun , Li Yao , He Liang , Wang Xuefeng , Wu Jing , Zhang Rong , Xu Yongbing , Lu Xianyang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAltermagnetism, a newly identified class of magnetism blending characteristics of both ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism, is emerging as a compelling frontier in spintronics. This study reports a groundbreaking discovery of robust, 100% field‐free spin‐orbit torque (SOT) switching in a RuO2(101)/[Co/Pt]2/Ta structure. The experimental results reveal that the spin currents, induced by the in‐plane charge current, flow along the [100] axis, with the spin polarization direction aligned parallel to the Néel vector. These z‐polarized spins generate an out‐of‐plane anti‐damping torque, enabling deterministic switching of the Co/Pt layer without the necessity of an external magnetic field. The altermagnetic spin splitting effect (ASSE) in RuO2 promotes the generation of spin currents with pronounced anisotropic behavior, maximized when the charge current flows along the [010] direction. This unique capability yields the highest field‐free switching ratio, maintaining stable SOT switching even under a wide range of external magnetic fields, demonstrating exceptional resistance to magnetic interference. Notably, the ASSE‐dominated spin current is found to be most effective when the current is aligned with the [010] direction. The study highlights the potential of RuO2 as a powerful spin current generator, opening new avenues for advancing spin‐torque switching technologies and other cutting‐edge spintronic devices.
Cooperative Magnetic Interfacial Microrobot Couple for Versatile Non‐Contact Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chen Bowen , Wu Hao , Chen Yiyu , Cheng Kangru , Zhou Ying , Zhang Juan , Wang Chaowei , Li Jiawen , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru , Hu Yanlei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMagnetic interfacial microrobots are increasingly recognized as a promising approach for potential biomedical applications ranging from electronic functionalization to minimally invasive surgery and targeted drug delivery. Nevertheless, existing research faces challenges, including less cooperative interactions, contact‐based cargo manipulation, and slow transport velocity. Here, the cooperative magnetic interfacial microrobot couple (CMIMC) is proposed to address the above challenges. The CMIMC can be maneuvered by a single magnet and readily switched between capture and release states. By leveraging cooperative interactions and meticulous engineering of capillary forces through shape design and surface treatment, the CMIMC demonstrates the ability to perform non‐contact cargo manipulation. Using the synergy of preferred magnetization directions and magnetic field distribution, along with optimization of the resistance‐reducing shape, the CMIMC significantly enhances the cargo transport velocity, reaching 12.2 body length per second. The studies demonstrate various biomedical applications like targeted drug delivery and myomectomy, paving the way for the broad implementation of interfacial microrobots in biomedical fields.
Large‐Scale 2D Perovskite Nanocrystals Photodetector Array via Ultrasonic Spray Synthesis
Authors: Lee Yoon Ho , Lee Won‐June , Lee Gang San , Park Jee Yung , Yuan Biao , Won Yousang , Mun Jungho , Yang Hanjun , Baek Sung‐Doo , Lee Haeun , Oh Joon Hak , Pennycook Timothy J. , Kim Gwangwoo , Mei Jianguo , Dou Letian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2D perovskite (PVSK) single crystals have received significant attention due to their unique optical and optoelectronic properties. However, current synthesis methods face limitations, particularly in large‐area fabrication, which remain critical barriers to practical applications. In this study, the synthesis of red/green/purple‐blue‐colored 2D PVSK nanocrystals over a large area (4‐inch wafer) and the fabrication of high‐performance photodetector arrays are presented via a facile yet efficient spray‐coating approach with a liquid‐bridge transport effect. The photodetector array achieves 100% working yield, high photo‐responsivity (1.5 × 106 A W−1) and specific‐detectivity (1.1 × 1016 Jones) with competitive photomapping characteristics. An intelligent vision system for automatic shape recognition is further demonstrated with a recognition rate exceeding 90%. This study provides significant advances in the scalable synthesis of nanoscale 2D PVSK crystals, their integration into large‐area optoelectronic devices, and their potential use in artificial‐intelligence systems.
Dual‐Gradient Silk‐Based Hydrogel for Spatially Targeted Delivery and Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Wang Yushu , Qin Xiaoyan , Feng Yunhao , Zhang Ti , Wang Xinyu , Li Jia , Yin Pengbin , Yu Yingjie , Liu Chaoyong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractContemporary clinical interventions for cartilage injuries focus on symptom management through pharmaceuticals and surgical procedures. Recent research has aimed at developing innovative scaffolds with biochemical elements, yet challenges like inadequate targeted delivery and reduced load‐bearing capacity hinder their adoption. Inspired by the spatial gradients of biophysical and biochemical cues in native osteochondral tissues, a silk‐based hydrogel that facilitates spontaneous dual‐gradient formation, including mechanical gradients and growth factor gradients, for tissue regeneration, is presented. Driven by an electrical field, the hydrogel transitions from stiff to soft along the anode‐to‐cathode direction, mimicking the anisotropic structure of natural tissues. Simultaneously, incorporated growth factors encapsulated by charged monomers migrate to the cathode region, creating another parallel gradient that enables their sustained release. This design maintains bioactivity and enhances programmable growth factor concentration in the defect environment. In a rabbit model with full‐thickness osteochondral defects, the dual‐gradient hydrogel demonstrates significant potential for promoting osteochondral regeneration, offering a promising tool for clinical translation.
Unveiling a Cooperative Mechanism for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Role of Built‐in Electric Field
Authors: Krishankant  , Bisht Rohit , Kumar Alok , Upreti Deepak , Kaur Baljeet , Urkude Rajashri R. , Bera Chandan , Bagchi Vivek 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe work function has a significant influence on surface charge distribution, particularly when a built‐in electric field (BIEF) is present. Recent research is focused on leveraging BIEFs at the interface of different electronic environments to improve hydrogen production. Therefore, analyzing and correlating parameters such as the work function, BIEF, and Gibbs free energy is crucial for understanding the reaction mechanism. Herein, a p‐n heterojunction of CuO‐CuWO4 is created to form a moderate space‐charge region at the interface. The Gibbs free energy (∆G) in the depletion regime displays behavior that contrasts with that of the bulk region, facilitating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Along the heterojunction interface, the ∆G indicates high adsorption affinity of protons toward the CuO phase and significant desorption at the CuWO4 phase. The catalyst effectively fine‐tunes its ∆G value relative to surface coverage and exhibits a negative cooperative effect. The Gibbs free energy of the catalyst shows that up to 80% surface coverage, the catalyst surface maintains a high proton adsorption affinity (−1.05 eV), which gradually decreases to −0.05 eV at 100% coverage. The catalyst surpassed commercial Pt/C, demonstrating higher efficiency and achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of just 21 mV.
Intrasexual Selection for Upper Limb Length in Homo sapiens
Authors: Caton Neil R. , Lewis David M. G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesSexual selection via contest competition has equipped countless organisms with weaponry in their appendages to overpower their opponents. Here, we tested (1) whether greater upper limb length—measured as span controlling for biacromial width—confers an advantage in contest competition among adult humans, (2) several possible means by which upper limb length might increase success in intrasexual contest competition, and (3) whether, consistent with male–male contest competition creating stronger selection pressures than female–female contest competition, male Homo sapiens have greater upper limb length.MethodsWe collected fight statistics and facial and body photographs from professional combatants (N = 715) in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC; Study 1). Sexual dimorphism in upper limb length was then examined via diverse and demographically representative samples from four studies (total N = 6915), from Croatian adolescents and older Singaporean adults to United States Army personnel born across all major world regions (Studies 2a–2d).ResultsFirst, we found that greater upper limb length is associated with increased success in intrasexual contest competition, an effect driven by both the capacity to grapple opponents to submission and to knock opponents unconscious (Study 1). Second, we found unequivocal, cross‐cultural evidence of unique sexual dimorphism in upper limb length after controlling for allometry: across four studies, men exhibited longer upper limbs than women (Studies 2a–2d).ConclusionUpper limb length may have been shaped by intrasexual selection, with implications across the biological, anthropological, and psychological sciences.
Content Validity of Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures Developed for Assessing Disease‐Specific Quality of Life in Children With Sinonasal Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Williams Isabelle , Rotimi Oloruntobi , Burrows Lisa , Navaratnam Annakan V. , Tan Neil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesPaediatric sinonasal disease is prevalent worldwide, giving rise to substantial healthcare costs and morbidity. However, there is a lack of sinus‐specific patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) tailored for children. This study aimed to evaluate existing PROMs against established validation criteria to determine whether a paediatric‐specific, validated instrument for assessing sinonasal disease currently exists.MethodsMedline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2024. Eligibility was restricted to PROM development or content validity studies conducted in all children with sinonasal disease. Content validity was assessed using the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology, with evidence graded using a modified GRADE approach.ResultsFive PROMs were identified: two for acute sinus disease (Sinus‐5 [S5] and Paediatric Rhinosinusitis Symptom Scale [PRSS]), two for general rhinosinusitis (Sinonasal‐5 [SN‐5] and Modified Sinonasal Outcome Test‐20 Young Persons Questionnaire [MSYPQ]) and one specific to primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD; PCD quality of life [PCD‐QoL]). No content validity studies were included in the final analysis. The development of the S5, PRSS, SN‐5 and MSYPQ was found to be inadequate, supported by low‐quality evidence, whereas the PCD‐QoL stood out as a well‐developed tool created using established evidence‐based guidelines.ConclusionsAmong the assessed tools, only the PCD‐QoL met standards for use in clinical trials, highlighting the need for a dedicated instrument to track disease status and QoL in otherwise healthy children with sinonasal disease.
Dissociable spatial topography of cortical atrophy in early‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease: A head‐to‐head comparison of the LEADS and ADNI cohorts
Authors: Katsumi Yuta , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Brickhouse Michael , Eloyan Ani , Eckbo Ryan , Zaitsev Alexander , La Joie Renaud , Lagarde Julien , Schonhaut Daniel , Thangarajah Maryanne , Taurone Alexander , Vemuri Prashanthi , Jack Clifford R. , Dage Jeffrey L. , Nudelman Kelly N. H. , Foroud Tatiana , Hammers Dustin B. , Ghetti Bernardino , Murray Melissa E. , Newell Kathy L. , Polsinelli Angelina J. , Aisen Paul , Reman Rema , Beckett Laurel , Kramer Joel H. , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Grant Ian M. , Honig Lawrence S. , Johnson Erik C. B. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Mendez Mario F. , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Stephen , Sha Sharon , Turner R. Scott , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Womack Kyle , Carrillo Maria C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. , Dickerson Bradford C. ,   the LEADS Consortium for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONEarly‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD and LOAD, respectively) have distinct clinical manifestations, with prior work based on small samples suggesting unique patterns of neurodegeneration. The current study performed a head‐to‐head comparison of cortical atrophy in EOAD and LOAD, using two large and well‐characterized cohorts (LEADS and ADNI).METHODSWe analyzed brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired from 377 sporadic EOAD patients and 317 sporadicLOAD patients who were amyloid positive and had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia (i.e., early‐stage AD), along with cognitively unimpaired participants.RESULTSAfter controlling for the level of cognitive impairment, we found a double dissociation between AD clinical phenotype and localization/magnitude of atrophy, characterized by predominant neocortical involvement in EOAD and more focal anterior medial temporal involvement in LOAD.DISCUSSIONOur findings point to the clinical utility of MRI‐based biomarkers of atrophy in differentiating between EOAD and LOAD, which may be useful for diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment.Highlights
Early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late‐onset AD (LOAD) patients showed distinct and overlapping cortical atrophy patterns.
EOAD patients showed prominent atrophy in widespread neocortical regions.
LOAD patients showed prominent atrophy in the anterior medial temporal lobe.
Regional atrophy was correlated with the severity of global cognitive impairment.
Results were comparable when the sample was stratified for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.