bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Thermogelling Hydrogels toward Functional Bioinks: Controlled Modification and Cytocompatible Crosslinking
Authors: Hahn Lukas , Beudert Matthias , Gutmann Marcus , Keßler Larissa , Stahlhut Philipp , Fischer Lena , Karakaya Emine , Lorson Thomas , Thievessen Ingo , Detsch Rainer , Lühmann Tessa , Luxenhofer Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrogels are key components in bioink formulations to ensure printability and stability in biofabrication. In this study, a well‐known Diels‐Alder two‐step post‐polymerization modification approach is introduced into thermogelling diblock copolymers, comprising poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) and thermoresponsive poly(2‐n‐propyl‐2‐oxazine). The diblock copolymers are partially hydrolyzed and subsequently modified by acid/amine coupling with furan and maleimide moieties. While the thermogelling and shear‐thinning properties allow excellent printability, trigger‐less cell‐friendly Diels‐Alder click‐chemistry yields long‐term shape‐fidelity. The introduced platform enables easy incorporation of cell‐binding moieties (RGD‐peptide) for cellular interaction. The hydrogel is functionalized with RGD‐peptides using thiol‐maleimide chemistry and cell proliferation as well as morphology of fibroblasts seeded on top of the hydrogels confirm the cell adhesion facilitated by the peptides. Finally, bioink formulations are tested for biocompatibility by incorporating fibroblasts homogenously inside the polymer solution pre‐printing. After the printing and crosslinking process good cytocompatibility is confirmed. The established bioink system combines a two‐step approach by physical precursor gelation followed by an additional chemical stabilization, offering a broad versatility for further biomechanical adaptation or bioresponsive peptide modification.
Mass spectrometry‐based methods for the advanced characterization and structural analysis of lignin: A review
Authors: Letourneau Dane R. , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLignin is currently one of the most promising biologically derived resources, due to its abundance and application in biofuels, materials and conversion to value aromatic chemicals. The need to better characterize and understand this complex biopolymer has led to the development of many different analytical approaches, several of which involve mass spectrometry and subsequent data analysis. This review surveys the most important analytical methods for lignin involving mass spectrometry, first looking at methods involving gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and then continuing with more contemporary methods such as matrix assisted laser desorption ionization and time‐of‐flight‐secondary ion mass spectrometry. Following that will be techniques that directly ionize lignin mixtures—without chromatographic separation—using softer atmospheric ionization techniques that leave the lignin oligomers intact. Finally, ultra‐high resolution mass analyzers such as FT‐ICR have enabled lignin analysis without major sample preparation and chromatography steps. Concurrent with an increase in the resolution of mass spectrometers, there have been a wealth of complementary data analyses and visualization methods that have allowed researchers to probe deeper into the “lignome” than ever before. These approaches extract trends such as compound series and even important analytical information about lignin substructures without performing lignin degradation either chemically or during MS analysis. These innovative methods are paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of this important biopolymer, as we seek more sustainable solutions for our human species’ energy and materials needs.
The emerging role of neutrophils in autoimmune‐associated disorders: effector, predictor, and therapeutic targets
Authors: Fu Xiaohong , Liu Heting , Huang Gang , Dai Shuang‐Shuang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeutrophils are essential components of the immune system and have vital roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. As effector cells, neutrophils promote autoimmune disease by releasing cytokines and chemokines cascades that accompany inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) regulating immune responses through cell–cell interactions. More recent evidence has extended functions of neutrophils. Accumulating evidence implicated neutrophils contribute to tissue damage during a broad range of disorders, involving rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary sjögren's syndrome (pSS), multiple sclerosis (MS), crohn's disease (CD), and gout. A variety of studies have reported on the functional role of neutrophils as therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. However, challenges and controversies in the field remain. Enhancing our understanding of neutrophils’ role in autoimmune disorders may further advance the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Individual variability in human urinary metabolites identifies age‐related, body mass index‐related, and sex‐related biomarkers
Authors: Wang Tianling , Tang Lei , Lin Ruili , He Dian , Wu Yanqing , Zhang Yang , Yang Pingrong , He Junquan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolites present in human urine can be influenced by individual physiological parameters (e.g., body mass index [BMI], age, and sex). Observation of altered metabolites concentrations could provide insight into underlying disease pathology, disease prognosis and diagnosis, and facilitate discovery of novel biomarkers.MethodsQuantitative metabolomics analysis in the urine of 183 healthy individuals was performed based on high‐resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Coefficients of variation were obtained for 109 urine metabolites of all the 183 human healthy subjects.ResultsThree urine metabolites (such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, acetaminophen glucuronide, and p‐anisic acid) with CV183 > 0.3, for which metabolomics studies have been scarce, are considered highly variable here. We identified 30 age‐related metabolites, 18 BMI‐related metabolites, and 42 sex‐related metabolites. Among the identified metabolites, three metabolites were found to be associated with all three physiological parameters (age, BMI, and sex), which included dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 3‐methylcrotonylglycine and N‐acetyl‐aspartic acid. Pearson's coefficients demonstrated that some age‐, BMI‐, and sex‐related compounds are strongly correlated, suggesting that age, BMI, and sex could affect them concomitantly.ConclusionMetabolic differences between distinct physiological statuses were found to be related to several metabolic pathways (such as the caffeine metabolism, the amino acid metabolism, and the carbohydrate metabolism), and these findings may be key for the discovery of new diagnostics and treatments as well as new understandings on the mechanisms of some related diseases.
Prenatal case of Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome with a de novo 370Kb‐sized microdeletion of Xq26.2 compassing partial GPC3 gene and review
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Qin , Yang Shuting , Ma Na , Pang Jialun , Peng Ying , Xi Hui , Jia Zhengjun , Luo Yingchun , Jiang Meiping , Teng Yanling , Yu Wenxian , Li Zhuo , Wang Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSimpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome type 1 (SGBS1) is a rare X‐linked recessive disorder characterized by pre‐ and postnatal overgrowth and a broad spectrum of anomalies including craniofacial dysmorphism, heart defects, renal, and genital anomalies. Due to the ultrasound findings are not pathognomonic for this syndrome, most clinical diagnosis of SGBS1 are made postnatally.MethodsA pregnant woman with abnormal prenatal sonographic findings was advised to perform molecular diagnosis. Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) was performed in the fetus, and the result was validated with multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR).ResultsThe prenatal sonographic presented with increased nuchal translucency at 13 gestational weeks, and later at 21 weeks with cleft lip and palate, heart defect, increased amniotic fluid index and over growth. A de novo 370Kb‐deletion covering the 5′‐UTR and exon 1 of GPC3 gene was detected in the fetus by SNP array, which was subsequently confirmed by MLPA and qPCR.ConclusionThe de novo 370Kb hemizygous deletion of 5′‐UTR and exon 1 of GPC3 results in the SGBS1 of this Chinese family. Combination of ultrasound and genetics tests helped us effectively to diagnose the prenatal cases of SGBS1. Our findings also enlarge the spectrum of mutations in GPC3 gene.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Dysregulates m6A mRNA Methylation of Genes Involved in Neurological Functions
Authors: Mosca Pauline , Robert Aurélie , Alberto Jean‐Marc , Meyer Marie , Kundu Urbi , Hergalant Sébastien , Umoret Rémy , Coelho David , Guéant Jean‐Louis , Leheup Bruno , Dreumont Natacha 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionVitamin B12 deficiency presents various neurological manifestations, such as cognitive dysfunction, mental retardation, or memory impairment. However, the involved molecular mechanisms remain to date unclear. Vitamin B12 is essential for synthesizing S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM), the methyl group donor used for almost all transmethylation reactions. Here, we investigate the m6A methylation of mRNAs and their related gene expression in models of vitamin B12 deficiency.Methods and ResultsThis study observes two cellular models deficient in vitamin B12 and hippocampi of mice knock‐out for the CD320 receptor. The decrease in SAM levels resulting from vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with m6A reduced levels in mRNAs. This is also potentially mediated by the overexpression of the eraser FTO. We further investigate mRNA methylation of some genes involved in neurological functions targeted by the m6A reader YTH proteins. We notably observe a m6A hypermethylation of Prkca mRNA and a consistently increased expression of PKCα, a kinase involved in brain development and neuroplasticity, in the two cellular models.ConclusionOur data show that m6A methylation in mRNA could be one of the contributing mechanisms that underlie the neurological manifestations produced by vitamin B12 deficiency.
Implementation of left handed transmission lines based on waveguide TM modes
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Dong Yuandan , Jia Mingran , Sun Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, a novel left‐handed (LH) waveguide transmission line with good filtering performance is proposed and implemented below the TM mode cutoff frequency. TM11 mode is employed and transmitted inside the waveguide. The LH passband is achieved by TM mode cutoff operation and complementary split‐ring resonator (CSRR) loading, which are able to provide negative μ and ε, respectively. It constitutes the main novelty here with the rectangular waveguide TM mode and CSRR to realize the LH characteristics, which has not been done before. Based on this passband, two bandpass filters with high‐selectivity are designed and fabricated. The measured results are in agreement with the simulated data. It shows a good LH passband below the cut‐off frequency and TM11 mode propagation is also detected at higher frequency above the cutoff.
A Quick Method for Estimating Batch Fecundity in Bigheaded Carp
Authors: Lenaerts Allison W. , Coulter Alison A. , Irons Kevin S. , Lamer James T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fecundity is a necessary metric to assess reproductive potential (e.g., spawning potential ratio and recruitment overfishing) in invasive fishes, yet the direct measurement of fecundity is often difficult, impractical, and time consuming. Therefore, the ability to estimate fecundity from field measurements (i.e., TL, relative weight [Wr], or ovary weight) can be a valuable tool for fisheries managers to estimate reproductive potential. The goal of this study was to relate the batch fecundity of invasive Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp H. nobilis to metrics that can be quickly measured to eliminate the need for direct enumeration. Silver and Bighead carp were collected from the upper Mississippi River (UMR) in the summer of 2016 and 2017. Subsamples of mature (spawning capable) ovaries were preserved, enumerated, and then related to ovary weight, TL, weight, and Wr. An equation for estimating Silver Carp batch fecundity from ovary weight in the UMR, corrected for ovary membrane weight, was developed: {ovary weight – [0.222 × (ovary weight0.7589)]} × 794 (SE = 11). Batch fecundity for Silver Carp from Pools 17–20 of the UMR averaged 1,230,930 ± 68,983 eggs (mean ± SE). Ovary weight was the strongest predictor of fecundity, but TL, weight, and Wr also showed significant relationships with fecundity for Silver Carp. Batch fecundity for Bighead Carp averaged 1,043,953 ± 82,360 eggs, but the number of eggs per gram showed significant spatial variation; therefore, no fecundity equation was developed for this species. Future work should evaluate the frequency of Silver Carp spawns within a season and how batch fecundity varies among multiple spawning events. Fecundity estimates can be used to determine spawning potential ratios, which can help in evaluating management strategies.
Resolvin D2 attenuates chronic pain–induced depression‐like behavior in mice
Authors: Suzuki Hiroe , Hitora‐Imamura Natsuko , Deyama Satoshi , Minami Masabumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimWe previously demonstrated that intracerebroventricular injection of resolvin D2 (RvD2), a bioactive lipid mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid, ameliorated depression‐like behavior in lipopolysaccharide‐induced and chronic mild stress–induced mouse models of depression. In the present study, we examined the antidepressant effect of RvD2 on chronic pain–induced depression‐like behavior.MethodsTo prepare the neuropathic pain model, mice were subjected to surgery for unilateral spared nerve injury. Two weeks after surgery, the antidepressant effect of RvD2 was examined using the tail suspension test.ResultsChronic pain significantly increased immobility time, and this depression‐like behavior was attenuated by intracerebroventricular injection of RvD2 (10 ng). No effect of RvD2 on the locomotor activity was observed.ConclusionRvD2 produces an antidepressant effect in a murine model of chronic pain–induced depression and may be a promising lead for the development of novel antidepressants.
Clinical features and imaging manifestations of retinoblastoma with hepatic metastasis
Authors: Gu Huali , Wang Yizhuo , Huang Dongsheng , Zhang Yi , Zhang Weiling , Hu Huimin , Zhang Pinwei , Zhou Yan , Yi You , Han Siyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClinical data of five patients with hepatic metastases of retinoblastoma were analyzed retrospectively (two had bilateral tumors three had unilateral intraocular tumors). On computed tomography, multiple and single low‐density foci were observed. Four patients had tumor remission, and one showed no response after chemotherapy. Three patients who underwent enucleation were at high risk for extensive choroidal invasion. Central nervous system and bone metastases occurred in all five patients. Neuron‐specific enolase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly elevated in all patients. Two patients died (not from hepatic metastasis). Three patients (one with tumor progression and two with shorter courses) are continuing treatment.
Preparation of flexible, highly conductive polymer composite films based on double percolation structures and synergistic dispersion effect
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Wang Yuxiao , Wang Yanting , Sun Fei , Xu Jiawen , Lou Ching‐Wen , Lin Jia‐Horng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe studied for the first time the synergistic dispersion effect of the carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene (Gr) and polypropylene (PP)/polycarbonate (PC) (1:1) double percolation structures on conductive polymer composites (CPCs). PP/PC/CNT/Gr films with different CNT/Gr ratios are prepared by melt blending and hot pressing. Results showed that a CNT/Gr ratio of 1:1 facilitated the creation of co‐continuous double percolation structures of matrices, and the electronic conductivity reached 33.11 S/m, which was five times greater than that of the matrices containing only CNT. Results showed that the synergistic dispersion effect and the co‐continuous double percolation structures provided the matrices with conductivity through an additive effect. Meanwhile, PP/PC/CNT/Gr composite films possessed good thermal stability and hydrophobicity. They also did not exhibit thermal degradation at 300°C and had a water contact angle of 94.5°. However, PP and PC were incompatible, causing considerable brittleness of composite films macroscopically, and the films can hardly curve. To respond to this downside and improve the flexibility, a small amount of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was added to the system. The presence of TPU helped combining the two materials in different phases, thereby strengthening the continuity. However, the presence of TPU adversely affected the double percolation structures and dispersion state of fillers, and subsequently decreased the conductivity.
Feeling better or not: Adjusting affective style moderates the association between sleep duration and positive affect on next day
Authors: Shi Sainan , Zuo Kangjie , Xu Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAffect is intertwined with sleep, yet how to adjust sleep duration to enhance affect remains unknown. Previous studies found that adjusting affective style, reflecting interindividual differences in emotion regulation, functions in processes where sleep modulates our affective state. Hence, this study examined whether and how it moderates the association between daily sleep duration and subsequent affect. An ambulatory assessment design was employed among 64 participants, wherein both within‐person sleep duration and affect, and between‐person affective styles were measured. Multilevel moderation analysis and simple‐slope analysis were applied to test the moderation of adjusting affective style in the sleep–affect association. This study found that adjusting affective style significantly moderated the association between sleep duration and subsequent positive affect. Specifically, the association between sleep duration and subsequent positive affect was positive under higher adjusting affective style and negative under extremely lower adjusting affective style. However, such moderation was not observed in associations between subsequent negative affect and sleep duration. This study uncovers the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent affect, wherein the likelihood for individuals to reach more positive affective state by increasing sleeping duration might count on their ability of emotion regulation. Additionally, negative affect cannot be downregulated simply through long sleep duration.
A framework for the use of biological medicines in the free state province, South Africa
Authors: Mocke‐Richter Martlie , Walubo Andrew , van Rooyen Cornel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe use of biological medicines (BM) has increased worldwide owing to their effectiveness in the treatment of many chronic diseases. However, in South Africa, access to BM remains limited, hence, there is a need to develop strategies that will enable timely access to BM by all patients who need them.ObjectiveTo develop a framework for the use of BM in South Africa.MethodsUsing a Delphi questionnaire that was developed by integration of the opinions of newly qualified doctors (<2 years practice), prescribing specialists, and patients using BM, a Delphi method was used to guide an experts' panel into consensus on the different opinions in the questionnaire, and from this, a framework for the use of BM was constructed.ResultsFrom the surveys, 76.2% of the newly qualified doctors and 91.7% of the prescribing specialists indicated that they had limited knowledge on the pharmacology of BM, and, respectively, 64.5% and 77.8% admitted that their knowledge on BM was not adequate for prescribing and taking care of patients on BM. Also, 58.3% and 75% of the prescribers indicated that the high cost and the tedious procurement process, respectively, were barriers of access to BM. The Delphi panel reached consensus after two rounds, and the resultant framework recommends that, appropriate use of BM requires establishing guidelines for the use of BM, increasing BM content in the medical training programs and information resources used by healthcare professionals, enacting drug regulations and drug policies that will increase availability of BM, offering appropriate patient information and public engagement.ConclusionThe lack of knowledge on BM by health professionals, together with the high cost and a complex procurement processes are the major impediment to access to BM. A framework for the use of BM in South Africa was successfully developed to address these and other challenges.
Method used to identify adenomyosis and potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis in a large, U.S. electronic health record database
Authors: Loughlin Anita M. , Chiuve Stephanie E. , Reznor Gally , Doherty Michael , Missmer Stacey A. , Chomistek Andrea K. , Enger Cheryl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of adenomyosis is underestimated due to lack of a specific diagnostic code and diagnostic delays given most diagnoses occur at hysterectomy.ObjectivesTo identify women with adenomyosis using indicators derived from natural language processing (NLP) of clinical notes in the Optum Electronic Health Record database (2014–2018), and to estimate the prevalence of potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis.MethodsAn NLP algorithm identified mentions of adenomyosis in clinical notes that were highly likely to represent a diagnosis. The anchor date was date of first affirmed adenomyosis mention; baseline characteristics were assessed in the 12 months prior to this date. Characteristics common to adenomyosis cases were used to select a suitable pool of women from the underlying population, among whom undiagnosed adenomyosis might exist. A random sample of this pool was selected to form the comparator cohort. Logistic regression was used to compare adenomyosis cases to comparators; the predictive probability (PP) of being an adenomyosis case was assessed. Comparators having a PP ≥ 0.1 were considered potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis and were used to calculate the prevalence of potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis in the underlying population.ResultsAmong 11 456 347 women aged 18–55 years in the underlying population, 19 503 were adenomyosis cases. Among 332 583 comparators, 22 696 women were potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis cases. The prevalence of adenomyosis and potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis was 1.70 and 19.1 per 1000 women aged 18–55 years, respectively.ConclusionsConsidering potentially undiagnosed adenomyosis, the prevalence of adenomyosis may be 10x higher than prior estimates based on histologically confirmed adenomyosis cases only.