bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of intravascular intrauterine transfusion for Rh alloimmunization
Authors: Alkhaibary Asma , Ali Mohannad , Tulbah Maha , Al-Nemer Maha , Khan Rubina M. , Al Mugbel Maisoon , Al Sahan Nada , Hassounah Marwah Mazen , Alshammari Waleed , Kurdi Wesam I. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Intravascular intrauterine transfusion (IUT) is considered a safe procedure, but complications still occur, including fatalities.

OBJECTIVE:
Review the outcomes of Rh alloimmunization, including indications and possible complications.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort (medical record review).

SETTING:
Tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We retrieved the records for all mothers who had an IUT for Rh alloimmunization between January 2009 and August 2019. We collected data on complications, post-transfusion hemoglobin and antibody combinations.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
Complications of IUT.

SAMPLE SIZE:
119 mothers with 154 fetuses (154 different pregnancies).

RESULTS:
The 154 fetuses had 560 intrauterine transfusions. The median pre-IUT hemoglobin was a median of 8.0 g/dL while the median post-IUT hemoglobin 16 g/dL. Immediate procedure-related complications included fetal bradycardia in 2.7%, significant bleeding from the cord puncture site (for more than 2 minutes in 0.9%), and contractions in 0.9%. Eight (5.2%) were delivered by cesarean delivery due to IUT-specific complications such as post-procedure fetal bradycardia. Intrauterine fetal death complicated 8.4% of the pregnancies (13 fetuses). Phototherapy was required in 76 (49.4%), postnatal blood transfusions in 17 (11%), and exchange transfusion in 11 (7.1%). Neonatal death occurred 8 (5.2%). Data were insufficient to assess associations of complications with antibody combinations.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intrauterine transfusion is an effective treatment with high survival rates (around 90% for cases of Rh alloimmunization).

LIMITATIONS:
Case series.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Characteristics and outcomes of 974 COVID-19 patients in intensive care units in Turkey
Authors: Sungurtekin Hülya , Ozgen Cansu , Arslan Ulku , Saracoglu Kemal Tolga , Yarar Volkan , Sari Ahmet , Civraz Ayse Turan , Altunkan Ali Aydin , Ayoglu Hilal , Ozturk Nilgun Kavrut , Yuksel Nihal Bulut , Yelken Birgul , Bombaci Elif , Kilinc Gokhan , Akman Damla , Demir Pinar , Ayoglu Ferruh , Ciyiltepe Fulya , Caliskan Ahmet , Karaduman Simay 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
In our previous report on Turkish COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care, the 24 patients in a single ICU were elderly and mortality was high. We extended our analysis to include patients admitted to ten ICUs.

OBJECTIVES:
Report the demographics, clinical features, imaging findings, comorbidities, and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

DESIGN:
Retrospective.

SETTING:
Intensive care unit.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The study includes patients with clinical and radiological confirmed or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to ten ICUs between 15 March and 30 June 2020.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Clinical outcomes, therapies, and death during hospitalization

SAMPLE SIZE:
974, including 571 males (58%).

RESULTS:

The median age (range) was 72 (21–101) years for patients who died (n=632, 64.9%) and 70 (16–99) years for patients who lived (n=342, 35.2%) (
P
<.001). APACHE scores, and SOFA scores were higher in patients who died than in those who survived (
P
<.001, both comparisons). Respiratory failure was the most common cause of hospitalization (82.5%), and respiratory failure on admission was associated with death (
P
=.013). Most (n=719, 73.8%) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
The majority of patients admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of COVID-19 require respiratory support.

LIMITATIONS:
Although the Turkish Ministry of Health made recommendations for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, patient management may not have been identical in all ten units.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Effectiveness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: a meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Wei , Ma Yuanji , Du Lingyao , Kang Shuang , Liu Chang-Hai , Bai Lang , Lei Xuezhong , Tang Hong 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
The safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) remain uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to draw a firmer conclusion.

METHODS:
We searched the Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase, and China Biology Medicine disc to identify relevant RCTs performed before January 2020. Risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a random effects model.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
RRs (95% CI) for 1-, 2-, and 3-month survival rates.

SAMPLE SIZE:
Six RCTs, including three open-label studies.

RESULTS:

The six studies included 246 subjects (121 in a G-CSF group and 125 in a control group). G-CSF administration significantly improved the 1-, 2-, and 3-month survival rates in patients with ACLF. The pooled RRs (95% CI, P) were 0.43 (0.27–0.69,
P
=.0004), 0.44 (0.32–0.62,
P
<.00001), and 0.39 (0.22–0.68,
P
=.0009), respectively.

CONCLUSION:
G-CSF may be beneficial and effective in the treatment of ACLF, but further studies are needed to verify this conclusion.

LIMITATIONS:
The sample size was small, and studies were restricted to countries in Asia.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER:
CRD42021225681

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LRD (LISTEN, READ AND DISCUSS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA SISWA KELAS X IPA 2 SMAN 1 PRINGGARATA
Authors: JUPRI JUPRI 
Published: December 2021

This study concerns with Listen Read Discuss (LRD) to promote students’ reading skill. The aim of this study was to promote students’ reading skill through (LRD) technique . In this study, the researcher used classroom action research in which the datas were described in qualitative and quantitative description using the instruments of observation checklist, test and documentation. Observation was conducted to know the implementation of (LRD) technique during teaching and learning process and its datas were decribed in qualitative description, while test used to measure the students’ achievement in reading skill in form of a written test and described in quatitative description. Subject of this study was tenth- grade of SMAN 1 Pringgarata which consists of 30 students.This study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisted of 4 steps such as: planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The result of this research showed that (LRD) technique could promote students’ reading skill. It could be seen from the significant improvement of result in each cycle. The average of students’ score before implementing the strategy was 47, and increased into 61 in the first cycle . After doing treatment and it increased into 81 in second cycle. It means, students’ reading skill was improved and successful by applying (LRD) technique at the tenth-grade of senior high school, SMAN 1 Pringgarata.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini fokus untuk mengkaji penerapan model pembelajaran LRD (Learn Read Discuss) untuk meningkat keterampilan membaca siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi peningkatan keterampilan membaca pada siswa kelas X IPA 2 SMA Negeri 1 Pringgarata dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran LRD (Listen Read Discuss). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang datanya dipaparkan melalui data deskripsi kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari atas 4 tahap yaitu: tahap perencanaan, pelakasanaan (tindakan), observasi dan refleksi. Data proses pembelajaran setiap siklus dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif sedangkan data hasil pembelajaran dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPA 2 yang berjumlah 30 orang. Hasil penelitian sebelum diterapkan LRD adalah 47,00 setelah dilakukan tindakan menunjukkan bahwa nilai yang diperoleh siswa pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 61,00 dan pada siklus II mencapai 81,00. Nilai prolehan ini sudah melampaui angka KKM yang diisyaratkan pada mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris di kelas X SMAN 1 Pringgarata Tahun Pelajarn 2021/2022 yaitu 75. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model LRD dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca, khusunya keterampilan membaca jenis teks rcount, siswa kelas X IPA2 SMA Negeri 1 Pringgarata.
Measurement report: New particle formation characteristics at an urban and a mountain station in northern China
Authors: Zhou Ying , Hakala Simo , Yan Chao , Gao Yang , Yao Xiaohong , Chu Biwu , Chan Tommy , Kangasluoma Juha , Gani Shahzad , Kontkanen Jenni , Paasonen Pauli , Liu Yongchun , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Dada Lubna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events have attracted increasing
attention for their contribution to the global aerosol number budget and
therefore their effects on climate, air quality and human health. NPF
events are regarded as a regional phenomenon, occurring over a large area.
Most observations of NPF events in Beijing and its vicinity were conducted
in populated areas, whereas observations of NPF events on mountaintops with
low anthropogenic emissions are still rare in China. The spatial variation
of NPF event intensity has not been investigated in detail by incorporating
both urban areas and mountain measurements in Beijing. Here, we provide NPF
event characteristics in summer 2018 and 2019 at urban Beijing and a
comparison of NPF event characteristics – NPF event frequency, formation
rate and growth rate – by comparing an urban Beijing site and a
background mountain site separated by ∼80 km from 14 June to
14 July 2019, as well as giving insights into the connection between both
locations. During
parallel measurements at urban Beijing and mountain background areas,
although the median condensation sink during the first 2 h of the
common NPF events was around 0.01 s−1 at both sites, there were notable
differences in formation rates between the two locations (median of 5.42 cm−3 s−1 at the urban site and 1.13 cm−3 s−1 at the
mountain site during the first 2 h of common NPF events). In addition,
the growth rates in the 7–15 nm range for common NPF events at the urban site
(median of 7.6 nm h−1) were slightly higher than those at the mountain site
(median of 6.5 nm h−1). To understand whether the observed events were
connected, we compared air mass trajectories as well as meteorological
conditions at both stations. Favorable conditions for the occurrence of
regional NPF events were largely affected by air mass transport. Overall,
our results demonstrate a clear inhomogeneity of regional NPF within a
distance of ∼100 km, possibly due to the discretely
distributed emission sources.
Observation and modeling of high-7Be concentration events at the surface in northern Europe associated with the instability of the Arctic polar vortex in early 2003
Authors: Brattich Erika , Liu Hongyu , Zhang Bo , Hernández-Ceballos Miguel Ángel , Paatero Jussi , Sarvan Darko , Djurdjevic Vladimir , Tositti Laura , Ajtić Jelena 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Events of very high concentrations of 7Be cosmogenic
radionuclide have been recorded at low-elevation surface stations in the
subpolar regions of Europe during the cold season. With an aim to
investigate the mechanisms responsible for those peak 7Be events, and
in particular to verify if they are associated with the fast descent of
stratospheric air masses occurring during sudden stratospheric warming
(SSW) events, we analyze 7Be observations at six sampling sites in
Fennoscandia during January–March 2003 when very high 7Be
concentrations were observed and the Arctic vortex was relatively unstable
as a consequence of several SSW events. We use the GEOS-Chem chemistry and
transport model driven by the MERRA-2 meteorological reanalysis to simulate
tropospheric 7Be over northern Europe. We show that the model
reasonably reproduces the temporal evolution of surface 7Be
concentrations observed at the six sampling sites. Our analysis of model
simulations, surface 7Be observations, atmospheric soundings of ozone
and temperature and surface ozone measurements indicates that the
7Be peak observed in late February 2003 (between 20 and 28 February 2003) at the six sampling sites in Fennoscandia was associated with downward
transport of stratospheric vortex air that originated during an SSW that occurred
a few days earlier (between 18 and 21 February 2003).
Next generation of Bluelink ocean reanalysis with multiscale data assimilation: BRAN2020
Authors: Chamberlain Matthew A. , Oke Peter R. , Fiedler Russell A. S. , Beggs Helen M. , Brassington Gary B. , Divakaran Prasanth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. BRAN2020 (2020 version of the Bluelink ReANalysis) is an ocean reanalysis that combines observations with an eddy-resolving, near-global ocean general circulation model to produce a four-dimensional estimate of the ocean state.
The data assimilation system employed is ensemble optimal interpolation, implemented with a new multiscale approach that constrains the broad-scale ocean properties and the mesoscale circulation in two steps.
There is a separation in the scales that are corrected in the two steps: the high-resolution step corrects the mesoscale dynamics in the same way as previous versions of BRAN, while the extra coarse step is effective at correcting biases that develop at large scales.
The reanalysis currently spans January 1993 to December 2019 and assimilates observations of in situ temperature and salinity, as well as of satellite sea-level anomaly and sea surface temperature.
BRAN2020 is planned to be updated to within months of real time after this initial release, until an updated version of BRAN is available.
Reanalysed fields from BRAN2020 generally show much closer agreement to observations than all previous versions with misfits between reanalysed and observed fields reduced by over 30 % for some variables, for subsurface temperature and salinity in particular.
The BRAN2020 dataset is comprised of daily averaged fields of temperature, salinity, velocity, mixed-layer depth and sea level.
Reanalysed fields realistically represent all of the major current systems within 75∘ S and 75∘ N, excluding processes relating to sea ice but including boundary currents, equatorial circulation, Southern Ocean variability and mesoscale eddies.
BRAN2020 is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.25914/6009627c7af03 (Chamberlain et al., 2021b) and is intended for use by the research community.
River ice phenology and thickness from satellite altimetry: potential for ice bridge road operation and climate studies
Authors: Zakharova Elena , Agafonova Svetlana , Duguay Claude , Frolova Natalia , Kouraev Alexei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. River ice is a key component of the cryosphere. Satellite monitoring of
river ice is a rapidly developing area of scientific enquiry, which has
wide-ranging implications for climate, environmental and socioeconomic
applications. Spaceborne radar altimetry is widely used for monitoring river water regimes; however, its potential for the observation of river ice processes and properties has not been demonstrated yet. Using Ku-band backscatter measurements from the Jason-2 and Jason-3 satellite missions (2008–2019), we demonstrate the potential of radar altimetry for the retrieval of river ice phenology dates and ice thickness for the first time. The altimetric measurements were determined to be sensitive enough to detect the first appearance of ice and the beginning of thermal breakup on the lower Ob River (Western Siberia). The uncertainties in the retrieval of ice event timing were within the 10 d repeat cycle of Jason-2 and Jason-3 in 88 %–90 % of the cases analysed. The uncertainties in the river ice thickness retrievals made via empirical relations between the satellite backscatter measurements and in situ observations, expressed as the root mean square error (RMSE), were of 0.07–0.18 m. A novel application of radar altimetry is the prediction of ice bridge road operations, which is demonstrated herein. We established that the dates of ferry closing and ice road opening and closing in the city of Salekhard can be predicted with an accuracy (expressed as RMSE) of 3–5 d.
PENINGKATAN PROSES DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL NUMBER HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nurlev avana Megawati 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi permasalahan proses dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika di Kelas V SD Negeri 101/II Muara Bungo masih rendah, dibuktikan pada hasil observasi awal, dari 43 peserta didik hanya 15 (35%) peserta didik yang memenuhi KKM. Penyebabnya adalah pendidik masih mendominasi pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, sehingga kurang menarik minat peserta didik untuk belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model NHT dalam meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar matematika di kelas V. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PTK. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dan tes hasil belajar, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pada siklus I penerapan model NHT dalam proses belajar aspek pendidik mencapai 88% dan aspek peserta didik mencapai 72%. Sedangkan pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan dari aspek pendidik 94% dan aspek peserta didik 88%. (2) Pada siklus II penerapan model NHT hasil belajar peserta didik mencapai ketuntasan 70% dan pada sklus II mengalami peningkatan mencapai ketuntasan 84%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses dan hasil belajar matematika kelas V SD Negeri 101/II Muara Bungo dapat ditingkatkan melalui penggunaan model NHT.
Một số biểu hiện của nhân sinh quan Phật giáo trong Truyền kỳ mạn lục của Nguyễn Dữ
Authors: Phạm Văn Hoá 
Published: December 2021

Văn hóa Phật giáo ảnh hưởng khá sâu đậm đối với văn hóa Việt Nam truyền thống. Văn học trung đại Việt Nam chịu tác động của văn hóa Phật giáo trong các giai đoạn phát triển. Từ “Truyền kỳ mạn lục” của Nguyễn Dữ, bài viết phân tích một số biểu hiện của nhân sinh quan Phật giáo như báo ứng nhân quả, tu nhân tích đức, kiếp khác và địa ngục... ảnh hưởng đối với nội dung, hình thức nghệ thuật của tác phẩm truyền kỳ. Trong bài viết này, bằng nỗ lực phân tích một số biểu hiện nhân sinh quan Phật giáo trong Truyền kỳ mạn lục, người viết mong góp phần lý giải những phẫn uất đầy cảm giác bất lực trong lời gào thét lên án thời cuộc của Nguyễn Dữ.
THE LANGUAGE QUESTION AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON UKRAINE’S NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Moser Maiia 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the linguistic situation in Ukraine and to discuss its relation to Ukrainian statehood. The current language situation mirrors the socio-political situation in Ukraine and interrelates with language legislation as practiced by Ukrainian institutions of state power. As of today, language legislation is one of the most powerful tools to strengthen the state and increase national stability.
In Ukraine language was, is and continues to be a cornerstone of national unity and national security. At present, the Ukrainian language is widely believed to be essential for the persistence of the Ukrainian ethnos. It is an important tool for the consolidation of Ukrainian collective consciousness and the spiritual unity of society. Ukrainian society, which is faced with a number of serious problems, needs a revision of its state-building strategy for the sake of national security. A consolidation of Ukrainian society and a clear national idea is key for a prosperous future of Ukraine. The ethnos is the power of the nation. There is no state without a nation. Language plays a significant role for the conservation of the ethnic identity of a nation and its organization in a state. Namely, the civic society of a state has common interests, values, ideas, emotions etc., which are shared in the process of societal communication based on symbolic messages. These symbolic messages have to be codified in a state language, because, according to Wilhelm von Humboldt, language is the expression of the spirit of a people. Language reflects the level of the power of spiritual energy for the consolidation of national strength. All state mechanisms (the governmental apparatus, administrative and financial institutions) should guarantee the effective functioning of the Ukrainian state language in all spheres of societal life of Ukraine. As far as minority languages are concerned, the state can only guarantee their free development and their protection from suppression, but is not obliged to take on maximum obligations.
In this study we discuss how linguistic and legal problems interrelate with basic human rights and freedom and how a consolidated language policy serves the national interests of Ukrainian society. The experience of the last decades, namely the period of Russian aggression against Ukraine, shows how different political forces use language legislation, e.g., the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, with manipulative intentions. National identity is constructed by such crucial parameters as language, historical experience and faith. According to current surveys, the majority of Ukrainians share distinctly pro-European views, although modern Ukrainian society is still shaken by disinformation and fake news. We offer a list of proposals that will help to consolidate national security in Ukraine.
FISCAL SECURITY OF THE STATE: CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR A NEW DIRECTION IN ECOSESTATE
Authors: Moldowan Aleksy 
Published: December 2021

The article presents conceptual basis and outlines for a new direction in the ecosestate – fiscal security of the state. A range of vital conceptual problems have been addressed in the article, including defining the concept of the fiscal security, defining key terms, identification of status of fiscal security as scientific discipline in the ecosestate and distinguishing its institutional boundaries.
The author emphasises, that problems and dysfunctions of the public finance system can create dangerous threats to the economic security of the state. They undermine the stability and effectiveness of basic economic institutions, weaken the country's economic sovereignty as well as reduce financial resources for its development. The author provides update of basic definitions and introduces new ones to outline concept of the fiscal security. According to presented approach “fiscal security of the state” reflects a performance of the public finance system that enable government to carry out its functions and tasks effectively as well as to resist external and internal threats to the economic and social stability in the state.
Some provisions of the theory of economic security of the state have been revised, according to which fiscal security is being considered as part of the country's financial security. The author justifies the thesis, that public finance system itself is one of the crucial factors of the economic security of the state, therefore fiscal security should be considered as an autonomous component of the economic security of the state.
Based on the considerations outlined in the article two separate components of the economic security of the state are proposed to be distinguished – financial security and fiscal security. An internal structure of each component is introduced as well in the article, which allows to define their institutional borders.