bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the adult human midbrain with transcranial ultrasound
Authors: Aoun Karl , Double Kay L. , Pearson-Dennett Verity , Yilmaz Rezzak , Berg Daniela , Todd Gabrielle 
Published: March 2021

Background
Transcranial sonography is increasingly used to aid clinical diagnoses of movement disorders, for example, to identify an enlarged area of substantia nigra echogenicity in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Objective
The current study investigated characteristics of the midbrain at the anatomical plane for quantification of substantia nigra echogenicity. METHODS: Area of substantia nigra echogenicity, cross-sectional area of the midbrain, and interpeduncular angle were quantified in two groups of adults aged 18–50 years: 47 healthy non-drug-using controls (control group) and 22 individuals with a history of methamphetamine use (methamphetamine group), a cohort with a high prevalence of enlarged substantia nigra echogenicity and thus risk of Parkinson’s disease.

Results
In the control group, cross-sectional area of the midbrain (4.47±0.44 cm2) and interpeduncular angle were unaffected by age, sex, or image acquisition side. In the methamphetamine group, cross-sectional midbrain area (4.72±0.60 cm2) and area of substantia nigra echogenicity were enlarged compared to the control group, and the enlargement was sex-dependent (larger in males than females). Whole midbrain area and interpeduncular angle were found to be weak predictors of area of substantia nigra echogenicity after accounting for group and sex.

Conclusions
History of methamphetamine use is associated with an enlarged midbrain and area of substantia nigra echogenicity, and the abnormality is more pronounced in males than females. Thus, males may be more susceptible to methamphetamine-induced changes to the brainstem, and risk of Parkinson’s disease, than females.
Black-Box Optimization for Buildings and Its Enhancement by Advanced Communication Infrastructure
Authors: Macek Karel , Rojicek Jiri , Kontes Georgios , Rovas Dimitrios V. 
Published: March 2021

The solution of repeated fixed-horizon trajectory optimization problems of processes that are either too difficult or too complex to be described by physics-based models can pose formidable challenges. Very often, soft-computing methods e.g. black-box modeling and evolutionary optimization are used. These approaches are ineffective or even computationally intractable for searching high-dimensional parameter spaces. In this paper, a structured iterative process is described for addressing such problems: the starting point is a simple parameterization of the trajectory starting with a reduced number of parameters; after selection of values for these parameters so that this simpler problem is covered satisfactorily, a refinement procedure increases the number of parameters and the optimization is repeated. This continuous parameter refinement and optimization process can yield effective solutions after only a few iterations. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach we investigate the problem of dynamic optimization of the operation of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, and illustrative simulation results are presented. Finally, the development of advanced communication and interoperability components is described, addressing the problem of how the proposed algorithm could be deployed in realistic contexts.
Ação da Cafeína no Sistema Nervoso Central e na Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca / Caffeine Action in the Central Nervous System and in Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Benjamim Cicera Josilânia Rodrigues , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Feitosa Raimunda Aureniza , Santana Willma José de 
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste comentário, foi discutir os efeitos da cafeína no sistema nervoso central, trata-se de um comment, o qual foi trabalhado a partir de artigos científicos das bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo. Utilizou-se o método booleano (AND e NOT) e Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS)- Cafeína, Sistema nervoso central, Variabilidade. Foi elaborado a partir de uma reflexão sobre Ação da cafeína no sistema nervoso central e na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. O qual foi utilizado diversos artigos a respeito da cafeína e sua ação no sistema nervoso central como também a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca; com o intuito de mostrar suas ações, pontos positivos e negativos da sua utilização.
Pandemia Covid-19: Reflexões Sobre o Enlutamento / Covid-19 Pandemic: Reflections on Bereavement
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Tadeu Ferreira 
Published: March 2021

Resumo: Este artigo teórico tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a relevância da vivência do luto no atual momento de pandemia COVID-19. Reconhecer de que forma este processo está sendo vivenciado frente às situações de enfrentamento dentro do cenário nacional. A pesquisa visa propor uma reflexão sobre a vivência do luto, interditados pela emergência da pandemia da Covid-19. O luto é considerado um processo de acomodação singular e uma experiência comum a todos e apontada pela subjetividade e pelos costumes de cada cultura. Muitas pessoas conseguem na medida do tempo ajusta-se ao fato da morte do ente querido. O artigo bibliográfico foi desenvolvido mediante análise de onze artigos consultado na BVS PSI no período de Dezembro 2020 a Janeiro de 2021, a pesquisa aconteceu usando filtros para títulos, resumo e assunto, cujas palavras foram luto e pandemia Covid-19. O objetivo do artigo é promover a reflexão do enlutamento frente ao momento de pandemia e contribuir para ampliação do diálogo sobre o luto. Desses onze artigos consultados foram utilizados como critério de inclusão quatro artigos que apresentam as palavras consultadas, sem a precisão de profundidade numa abordagem teórica da psicologia, mas que representasse a resposta da pesquisa referente ao luto durante a pandemia. Conclui-se que, mediante as perdas e o desenvolvimento do luto, uma forma de manter o equilíbrio emocional no período de pandemia, crer que a busca por novas reinserções sociais, adotar novos papéis, construir um novo cenário e experenciar novas conquistas e respostas, permitindo-se ao desenvolvimento da resiliência e encontrando o papel de sobrevivente.
Implications of Industry 4.0 to companies’ performance: A comparison between Brazil and Germany
Authors: Brunheroto Paulo Henrique , Tomanek Dagmar Piotr , Deschamps Fernando 
Published: March 2021

Goal: The present paper aims to investigate what are the main implications of Industry 4.0 technologies for production management.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The study was carried out through a survey with companies of the metal-mechanic and automotive industry of the Curitiba Metropolitan Region (Brazil) and of the Upper Bavaria Region (Germany) in order to determine the overall implementation level of technologies commonly associated with Industry 4.0 and their respective impacts to operations performance objectives.
Results: The results reveal that the overall implementation and improvement levels of the Industry 4.0 technologies is higher in Germany than in Brazil. Regarding the technologies, the Internet of Things presented one of the highest overall improvement levels for both regions, showing that the adoption of these technology could bring significant improvements for all performance objectives.
Limitations of the investigation: The results obtained with the present research refer only to the scenario of Curitiba and Metropolitan Region and the Upper Bavaria Region, more specifically from the companies of the metal-mechanic and automotive sectors and may differ from other sectors or regions.
Practical implications: From this research, companies that are willing to invest in new technologies can find a starting point to understand the benefits that they can possibly achieve based on results obtained from companies that have already adopted the technologies in Brazil and Germany.
Originality / Value: Studies that formally discuss the implications of the Industry 4.0 technologies for production management are lacking. Most studies focus excessively on the technologies without approaching their impact on management systems.
Pengendalian Burkholderia glumae pada Benih Padi dengan Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Minyak Cengkeh
Authors: Kurniasih Kresnamurti , Giyanto Giyanto , Sinaga Meity Suradji , Mutaqin Kikin Hamzah , Widajati Eny 
Published: March 2021

Burkholderia glumae merupakan patogen terbawa benih yang menyebabkan penyakit busuk bulir bakteri (BBB) pada padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknik pengendalian B. glumae pada benih padi menggunakan kombinasi perlakuan panas kering dan minyak cengkeh tanpa menurunkan kualitas benih padi. Penelitian ini terdiri atas beberapa tahap, yaitu: 1) penyiapan benih sehat dan benih terinfeksi B. glumae, 2) penentuan kisaran suhu dan lama perlakuan yang efektif menurunkan populasi B. glumae tanpa menurunkan viabilitas benih sehat, 3) pengaruh perlakuan panas kering terhadap populasi B. glumae dan viabilitas benih terinfeksi, 4) penentuan konsentrasi minyak cengkeh yang efektif menurunkan populasi B. glumae tanpa menurunkan viabilitas benih sehat,
5) pengaruh perlakuan minyak cengkeh terhadap populasi B. glumae dan viabilitas benih terinfeksi dan 6) kombinasi perlakuan panas kering dan minyak cengkeh untuk mengendalikan B. glumae pada benih terinfeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelakuan panas kering 55 °C selama 3, 4 dan 5 jam mampu menurunkan populasi bakteri B. glumae pada benih padi sebesar 97.68%, 98.00% dan 99.38% dengan daya berkecambah benih berturut-turut sebesar 92%, 94% dan 93%. Perlakuan minyak cengkeh dengan konsentrasi 0.5% dan 0.75% mampu menurunkan populasi bakteri 86.61% dan 98.26% dengan daya berkecambah benih 90.25% dan 90.00%. Kombinasi perlakuan minyak cengkeh 0.75% diikuti perlakuan panas kering 55 °C selama 5 jam mampu mengeliminasi B. glumae pada benih padi tanpa menurunkan daya berkecambah benih.
PATRO children, a multi-center, non-interventional study of the safety and effectiveness of Omnitrope® (somatropin) treatment in children: update on the United States cohort
Authors: Backeljauw Philippe , Miller Bradley S. , Levy Richard , McCormick Kenneth , Zouater Hichem , Zabransky Markus , Campbell Kim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Omnitrope® (somatropin, Sandoz Inc.) is one of several recombinant human growth hormones (rhGH) approved in the United States (US) for use in pediatric indications, including growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS). We report data on the effectiveness and safety of Omnitrope® in the US cohort of the PATRO Children (international, longitudinal, non-interventional) study.

Methods
All visits and assessments are carried out according to routine clinical practice, and doses of Omnitrope® are given according to country-specific prescribing information.

Results
By September 2018, 294 US patients were recruited; the two largest groups were GHD (n=193) and ISS (n=62). Across all indications, HSDS improvement (ΔHSDS) from baseline at three years was +1.0 (rhGH-naïve, +1.2; pre-treated, +0.7). In pre-pubertal patients, ΔHSDS from baseline at three years was +0.94 (rhGH-naïve, +1.3; pre-treated, +0.7). Following three years of treatment, ΔHSDS from baseline was +1.3 in rhGH-naïve GHD patients and +1.1 in rhGH-naïve ISS patients. In pre-pubertal rhGH-naïve patients, ΔHSDS from baseline was +1.3 and +1.2 in GHD and ISS patients, respectively. Overall, 194 patients (66.0%) experienced adverse events (AEs; n=886 events); most were of mild-moderate intensity. Five patients (1.7%) had AEs that were suspected to be treatment-related (n=5 events). All reported neoplasms were benign, non-serious, and considered unrelated to rhGH therapy. No AEs of diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia were reported.

Conclusions
Omnitrope® appears to be well tolerated and effective in the majority of patients, without evidence of an increased risk of developing unexpected AEs, diabetes mellitus, or new malignancies during treatment.
Łukasiewicz, determinism, and the four-valued system of logic
Authors: Rybaříková Zuzana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Jan Łukasiewicz is known primarily as the founder of the three-valued system of logic. It is also generally renowned that his reason for introducing many-valued systems of logic was an attempt to refute determinism. When he developed the three-valued and n-valued logic, he employed these systems in his arguments against determinism. On the contrary, Łukasiewicz preferred the four-valued system of logic that is not suitable for a refutation of determinism in his latest period. It seems, however, that determinism still interested Łukasiewicz, as he discussed its denial in his last work, the second edition of the book Aristotle’s syllogistic from the standpoint of modern formal logic. The aim of my paper is to introduce the issue and describe the relation of these two topics primarily in the latest period of Łukasiewicz’s work. There are several possible solutions to the issue. However, Łukasiewicz never addressed the issue clearly in his published works. Therefore, the solutions might be supported or contradicted by his unpublished works in the future.
Improving Pediatric Resident Safety Event Reporting Using Quality Improvement Methods
Authors: Mattes Monica D. , Sauers-Ford Hadley S. , Selleck Denise , Slee Christina , Natale Joanne E. , Rosenthal Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Safety event reporting systems facilitate identification of system-level targets to improve patient safety. Resident physicians report few safety events despite their role as frontline providers and the frequent occurrence of events. The objective of this study is to increase the number of pediatric resident safety event submissions from &lt;1 to 4 submissions per 14-day period within 12 months.METHODS:We conducted an iterative quality improvement process with 39 pediatric residents at a children’s hospital. Interventions focused on 4 key drivers: user-friendly event submission process, resident buy-in, nonpunitive safety culture, and data transparency. The primary outcome measure of number of pediatric resident event submissions was analyzed by using statistical process control. Balancing measures included time from submission to feedback, duplicate submissions, and nonevent submissions. As a control, the primary outcome measure was monitored for nonpediatric residents during the same period.RESULTS:The mean number of pediatric resident event submissions increased from 0.9 to 5.7 submissions per 14 days. Impactful interventions included a designated space in the resident workroom to list safety events to submit, monthly project updates, and an interresident competition. There were no duplicate submissions or nonevent submissions in the postintervention period. Time to feedback in the postintervention period had both upward and downward shifts, with &gt;8 consecutive points above and below the baseline period’s centerline. The control group showed no sustained change in event submissions.CONCLUSIONS:Our improvement process was associated with significant increase in pediatric resident safety event submissions without an increase in the number of submissions categorized as duplicates or nonevents.
Age Cutoffs for Hospitalization at Hospitals Without Pediatric Inpatient Capability
Authors: Michelson Kenneth A. , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To determine age cutoffs that hospitals without pediatric inpatient beds apply when hospitalizing children.

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients &lt;25 years old visiting emergency departments in 5 states in 2016 using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Emergency Department and Inpatient Databases. Hospitals were classified as adult (no pediatric inpatient beds) or pediatric capable (&gt;0 pediatric beds). Referral rates were calculated for each year of life as transfers divided by transfers plus hospitalizations. Two age cutoffs were determined for defining pediatric patients: a specific cutoff (the age at which referral rates were significantly lower than those for younger patients) and an inclusive cutoff (the age at which referral rates differed most from those for younger patients).

RESULTS:
Among 389 581 transfers and hospitalizations, 91 967 (23.6%) occurred in adult hospitals. Referral rates at adult hospitals were 86.0% at age 15, 80.6% at age 16, 72.0% at age 17, and 30.5% at age 18. The specific age cutoff was 16 because referral rates were lower than those for ages 0 to 15 (P &lt; .001). The inclusive age cutoff was 18 because the odds ratio for referral was lowest when comparing age 18 to ages 0 to 17.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children aged &lt;16 years specifically define a population of pediatric patients, as defined by whether an adult hospital would hospitalize instead of transfer from an emergency department. Children aged &lt;18 years inclusively define a population of pediatric patients. These age cutoffs may be used when studying patterns of national acute care for children.
Grief and Bereavement in Fathers After the Death of a Child: A Systematic Review
Authors: McNeil Michael J. , Baker Justin N. , Snyder Ian , Rosenberg Abby R. , Kaye Erica C. 
Published: March 2021

CONTEXT:
The death of a child is devastating, and complicated grief adversely impacts parental physical and psychosocial well-being. Most research currently is centered on bereaved mothers, and the experiences of fathers remains underexplored.

OBJECTIVE:
We systematically reviewed the literature to characterize the grief and bereavement experiences of fathers after the death of a child.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

STUDY SELECTION:
Inclusion criteria encompassed English language articles published between 2007 and 2019 that evaluated the grief and bereavement experiences of fathers after the death of their child. We excluded studies describing paternal bereavement after the death of a child aged older than 21 years, stillbirth, miscarriage, or studies that did not specify age of death.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Extracted domains included study design, demographics, findings, and quality assessment.

RESULTS:
We screened 1848 deduplicated titles and abstracts and 139 full articles, yielding 21 articles for inclusion in this analysis. Fathers often avoided discussing their grief with others, returned to work earlier, and used goal-oriented tasks as coping strategies. Intense grief reactions and posttraumatic psychological sequelae diminished over time in mothers yet persisted in fathers.

LIMITATIONS:
Included studies were primarily descriptive in nature, without ability to ascertain causality. Limited paternal data exists in the literature compared with maternal data.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite evolving gender roles, many fathers navigate loss through stoicism, self-isolation, and hard work. For some fathers, these coping mechanisms may be inadequate for navigating grief.
Improving optimization using adaptive algorithms
Authors: Kota László , Jármai Károly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the research projects and industrial projects severe optimization problems can be met, where the number of variables is high, there are a lot of constraints, and they are highly nonlinear and mostly discrete issues, where the running time can be calculated sometimes in weeks with the usual optimization methods on an average computer. In most cases in the logistics industry, the most robust constraint is the time. The optimizations are running on a typical office configuration, and the company accepts the suboptimal solution what the optimization method gives within the appropriate time limit. That is, why adaptivity is needed. The adaptivity of the optimization technique includes parameters of fine-tuning. On this way, the most sensitive setting can be found. In this article, some additional adaptive methods for logistic problems have been investigated to increase the effectivity, improve the solution in a strict time condition.
The Role of MMP-9 and VEGF in the Invasion State of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Guntarno Novalia Chumaladewi , Rahaju Anny Setijo , Kurniasari Nila 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the tenth-most common cancer in worldwide and the majority are urothelial carcinomas. The depth of invasion plays important role in the prognostic and therapeutic factor in urothelial carcinomas. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may associated with the progression of bladder carcinoma, such as depth of invasion. In this study, the correlation between these two markers in urothelial bladder carcinoma invasion will be analyzed.METHODS: An analytical observational research with cross-sectional were conducted on 54 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from radical cystectomy (RC) which were diagnosed as bladder urothelial carcinoma at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya and divided based on the T stage were immunostained using VEGF and MMP-9 monoclonal antibodies. The difference of VEGF and MMP-9 expression in T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Anova test, the correlation between VEGF and MMP-9 expression in various T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma were analyzed using Spearman test. RESULTS: This study showed no significant difference of VEGF expression among T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (p>0.05) but there was significant difference of MMP-9 expression in T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (p=0.043). There was a correlation between VEGF and MMP-9 in various T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (rs= 0.50, p=0.001).CONCLUSION: The significant correlation of VEGF and MMP-9 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma may prove the synergistically role of both proteins in tumor invasion by MMP-9 degradation extracellular matrix.KEYWORDS: urothelial carcinoma, VEGF, MMP-9, T stage