bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Polarization Dynamics of Microglia and Infiltrating Macrophages: A Novel Mechanism of Spinal Cord Ischemia/reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yang Lin , Tang Lin , Sun Jingjing , Luo Wei , Wang Pengfei , Xu Junmei , Dai Ruping , Li Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Macrophages arising from microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) have extensively studied and characterized in spinal corda injury. However, the infiltration of MDMs and the precise phenotypes of the two different populations during spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury (SCIRI), remains ambiguous. Methods: The SCIRI model was established by transient aortic occlusion followed by reperfusion. The Basso mouse scale (BMS) was used to quantify hind limb locomotion over the following three weeks. The histopathology of the spinal cord was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and NF-200 histochemistry. In addition, the expression of macrophage polarization phenotype were observed by double immunofluorescences, real-time PCR, and flow cytometry. Results: Compared with the Sham group, all mice in the SCIRI group developed acute paraplegia after reperfusion, gradually recovering neurological function by day 21. HE staining revealed that SCIRI induced evident pathological changes in the spinal cord. M1-type genes (iNOS, TNF-α, CD86, and CD16) were dramatically upregulated, mainly during the 1st week of SCIRI, whereas the M2 genes, CD206, and CD204, were elevated at a later stage. In addition, double-immunofluorescence confirmed in these activated microglia/macrophages phenotypes that CD86 and CD206 were co-localized. Finally, flow cytometry further demonstrated the infiltration of MDMs (CD11b+ CD45high cells) that were principally a pro-inflammatory M1 type, which peaked at day 3 and decreased by day 7 post-injury. Conversely, microglia (CD11b+CD45low cells), rather than invading MDMs, was the principal source of M2 polarized cells.Conclusions: SCIRI induced a transient influx of MDMs characterized by a M1 pro-inflammatory type, whereas resident microglia essentially maintained an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype at later stage. These findings suggest that there is a differential regulatory role in the two cell populations following SCIRI.
Foreign Direct Investment and Productivity Spillovers: A Firm-Level Analysis of Bangladesh in Comparison with Vietnam
Authors: Arif-Ur-Rahman  , Inaba Kazuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to generate external effects—usually termed FDI spillovers—for a host country, and these spillovers are thought to have consequences on the productivity of domestic firms. Despite this strong expectation, the empirical findings on FDI spillover are still indecisive. This study examines firm-level panel data to determine the effects of FDI spillover on firms’ productivity in Bangladesh in comparison to Vietnam. We consider both the horizontal and vertical (backward and forward) spillover effects of FDI. We find evidence that Bangladeshi firms gain productivity improvement through intra-industry or horizontal linkages, whereas Vietnamese firms gain through backward linkages. Our findings suggest that increases in foreign presence in the same industry for Bangladesh and in downstream industries for Vietnam are related with increase in output of domestic firms.JEL Code: F2, O1, O3
Mid- to Long-Term Follow-up Outcomes of One-Stage Posterior Lumbosacral or Lumbopelvic Fixation in the Management of Lumbosacral Junction Tuberculosis in Adults
Authors: Xu Zhenchao , Zhang Zhen , Wang Xiyang , Zhang Yilu , Wu Yunqi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the mid- to long-term outcomes of surgical management of lumbosacral junction tuberculosis in adults. Methods: A total of 38 adult patients were treated by one-stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion, lumbosacral or lumbopelvic fixation, and postural drainage. All cases were followed up for at least five years. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were gathered and analyzed.Results: All patients achieved clinical cure at the last follow-up. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates decreased to normal levels within three months postoperatively. Postoperative scores measuring pain (visual analog scale), neurological status (Japanese Orthopedic Association score), and patient quality of life (Oswestry Disability Index) all significantly improved compared to preoperative values. Patient-reported outcomes as measured by Kirkaldy-Willis criteria were excellent in 21 cases, good in 16 cases, and fair in 1 case; there were no poor outcomes. Lumbosacral angle increased from the preoperative values of 21.7° ± 1.8° to the postoperative values of 26.4° ± 1.4°, with an angle loss of 1.2° ± 0.7° at the last follow-up. Bone fusion occurred on average 12.8 ± 1.9 months after surgery. No nonunion, pseudarthrosis, loosening or fracture of instruments occurred at the last follow-up.Conclusion: For patients with lumbosacral junction TB, a treatment protocol including one-stage posterior debridement, interbody fusion, lumbosacral or lumbopelvic fixation, and postural drainage according to the severity of sacral destruction is a relatively nontraumatic and highly safe procedure. It can be used to reconstruct lumbosacral or lumbopelvic stability and facilitate the healing of TB.
The Cost of Clinical Management of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in Ghana: A Cost of Illness Analysis
Authors: Ismaila Hamza , Asamani James Avoka , Lokossou Virgil Kuassi , Oduro-Mensah Ebenezer , Nabyonga-Orem Juliet , Akoriyea Samuel Kaba 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: As the global strategies to fight the SARS-COV-2 infection (COVID-19) evolved, global response strategies impacted the magnitude and distribution of health-related expenditures. Although the economic consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic has been dire, and its true scale yet to be ascertained, one key component of the response is the management of infected persons which its cost has not been adequately examined, especially in the context of African countries. Methodology: To partly fill gaps in context-specific cost of treating COVID-19 patients, we adopted a health system’s perspective and a bottom-up, point of care resource use data collection approach to estimate the cost of clinical management of COVID-19 infection in Ghana. Findings: We found that resource use and average cost of treatment per COVID-19 case varied significantly by level of disease severity and treatment setting. The cost of treating COVID-19 patients in Ghana from the perspective of the health system ranged from US$282 (GH ¢1,629) to US$23,382 (GH ¢135,149), with an average of US$11,925 (GH ¢68,929). The cost of treatment increased by at least 20 folds once a patient moved from home management to the treatment centre. PPEs and Transportation were the main cost drivers for institutionalised care, whilst investigations (COVID-19 testing) and staff time were for home-based care. Conclusion: Cost savings could be made by early detection and effective treatment of COVID- 19 cases, preferably at home, before any chance of deterioration to the next worst form of the disease state, thereby freeing up more resources for other aspects of the fight against the pandemic. Policy makers in Ghana should thus make it a top priority to intensify the early detection and case management of COVID-19 infections.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Preoperative Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure and Acute Kidney Injury after Surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot and Explore the Related Risk Factors
Authors: Xu Yaya , Zhu Xiaodong , Xu Lili , Li Zhen , Cao Lulu , Xie Wei , Zhu Yueniu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of pediatric cardiothoracic surgery (CTS). It is debatable whether patients with the low preoperative arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) are more likely to develop AKI after surgery. The study aims to investigate the incidence and possible influencing factors of AKI in patients undergoning the radical operation of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with different preoperative oxygen partial pressure. Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, 36 pediatric patients who underwent CTS were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to preoperative PaO2. We examined the baseline data and outcomes of the study population among groups.Results: Of the 36 patients, 17 developed AKI. Compared with the high preoperative PaO2 group, the low preoperative PaO2 group mostly had severe AKI and persistent, but there was no significant difference in AKI among groups (P＞0.05). In the 48-hour continuous monitoring after surgery, the oxygen metabolism indexes (Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2) were correlated with AKI and there were significant differences among the groups. Conclusions: Low preoperative PaO2 does not significantly increase the incidence of AKI and Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 is associated with postoperative AKI and persistent.
Human Resource Audit-A Driver for Sustainability in the Health Care System. An Evidence from Romania
Authors: Dobrescu Razvan Mihai , Dumitrescu Corina Ionela , Niculescu Nicoleta , Costuleanu Carmen Luiza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper aimed a complex audit of human resources effectiveness in the Romanian health care system. People inside the system and the whole Romanian society have realized the importance of providing sustainable services in order to improve the performance indicators in the long run, for the benefit of both employees and patients. As we acknowledge that in developing countries the lack of skilled human resource both in respect to quantity and quality is a major problem, the paper constructs an composite index of sustainability to audit the human resources in the health care system from the perspective of quantity and efficiency in order to improve the access to health services and to ameliorate the quality and safety of medical act. Within the paper, the authors perform an objective audit of human resources emphasizing that a sustainable medical system not only supports expenditures, but also improves quality in the long run. Besides, we consider that sustainable strategy for retaining medical staff, especially in deficient medical specializations, good collaboration between hospitals and higher education institutions regarding training and development of human resources in this field are important factors in achieving sustainability of the health care system.
Single Pulley Double-strand Anchor Suture Fixation of the Coronoid Process in Terrible Triad of the Elbow Injury
Authors: Tarng Yih-Wen , Lin Kai-Cheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Terrible triad of the elbow injury is difﬁcult to manage, and the role of the coronoid process in instability is very important. We describe a simple, modified suture technique to fix a coronoid process fragment using suture anchor fixation.Methods: Eight patients (3 female and 5 male) with coronoid process injuries with the fragment involving <50% of the total height (Reagan-Morrey type I/II) in terrible triad of elbow injury were included. Patients were treated operatively via a lateral Kocher’s approach, and coronoid process fractures were repaired with a single pulley double-strand suture technique. Structures were addressed in a sequential fashion—the coronoid process, radial head, lateral ulnar collateral ligament.Results: All patients were treated with the single pulley double-strand anchor suture technique and the coronoid process fragment was found to be in good contact with the original avulsion site using the method. The final Mayo Elbow Performance Score was excellent (> 90) in 6 patients and good (between 85 and 89) in 2 patients.Conclusions: The single pulley double-strand suture tie method using a suture anchor is a less invasive and simpler fixation method for the repair of coronoid process fractures in patients with terrible triad of the elbow injuries, and results in good outcomes. Level of evidence: Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study
Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Identify Intracellular Targets for Myriocin to Induce Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Niveum Cell Death
Authors: Wang Hengxu , Wang Zhigang , Xu Weihui , Wang Kexin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Myriocin is a natural product with antifungal activity and is derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LZN01. Our previous work demonstrated that myriocin can inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) by inducing membrane damage. In this study, the antifungal actions of myriocin against Fon were investigated with a focus on the effects of myriocin on intracellular molecules.Results: Analysis of DNA binding and fluorescence spectra demonstrated that myriocin can interact with dsDNA from Fon cells. The intracellular-targeted mechanism of action was also supported by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses; a total of 2238 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The DEGs were further verified by RT-qPCR. Most of the DEGs were assigned metabolism and genetic information processing functions and were enriched in ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes pathway. The expression of some genes and proteins in ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes pathway was affected by myriocin, primarily the genes controlled by the C6 zinc cluster transcription factor family and the NFYA transcription factor. Myriocin influenced the posttranscriptional processing of gene products by triggering the main RI (retained intron) events of novel alternative splicing; myriocin targeted key genes (FOXG_09470) or proteins (RIOK2) in ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes pathway, resulting in disordered translation. Conclusions: In conclusion, myriocin was determined to exhibit activity against Fon by targeting intracellular molecules. The results of our study may help to elucidate the antifungal actions of myriocin against Fon.
Research on pregnant women suspected of having COVID-19 in the epidemic outbreak area
Authors: YANG Hui , XIE Fan , Zhao Yun , SUN Guoqiang , CHENG Yao , CAO Dongmei , PENG Jing , LI Ruobing , XIE Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

COVID-19 has become a major public health problem around the world. There are limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analysis the clinical features, imaging findings, related laboratory indicators, treatments and outcomes of maternal-fetal for cases of suspected infection COVID-19 pregnant women in outbreak area in order to provide reference for clinical work.
Methods

A case-control study was conducted to compare clinical features, treatment, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia.
Results

One confirmed patient who was discharged from hospital after a negative RT-PCR result, was readmitted and subsequently tested positive on RT-PCR. The vaginal delivery rate and gestational week of confirmed case group showed significantly lower than 2019 control group. Pulmonary CT images were initially same between confirmed group and suspected group, but changed over time with different trends. The two case groups shared similar dynamic profiles on blood routine test. Four confirmed cases which had COVID-19 antibody test were all positive for IgG antibody and negative for IgM antibody, via both umbilical cord blood and the newborns. Fifteen of newborns (three confirmed and twelve suspected cases) at nearly three months old were tested negative by antibodies.
Conclusions

Pulmonary CT images showed different trends with the extending of time between confirmed group and suspected group. Blood test results weren’t strong enough to make differential diagnosis between two case groups. Perform antibody test can understand the antibody responses mounted in response to the virus, and to identify individuals who are potentially immune to re-infection. Infant obtain COVID-19 IgG antibody from maternal that only may last for less than three months.
Frequency and risk factors of acute kidney injury in ICU patients of Omdurman teaching hospital
Authors: SidAhmed Abdel Mumin , Eltahir Nusaiba Hassan Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: acute kidney injury is a common complication in critically ill patients and it is commonly associated with high mortality and morbidity with adverse short and long term outcome. bjectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency of acute kidney injury in ICU patients in Omdurman teaching hospital. And to assess the risk factors associated with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a critically ill patient. We also intended to correlate acute kidney injury with the primary disease required admitting to ICU and find out the impact of acute kidney injury in ICU outcomes. Methods: In this descriptive prospective, cohort hospital-based study, 211 patients were studied and followed up during admission in ICU using standardized questionnaire to collect clinical data and investigation Results: a total of 61 patients has been included in the study developed renal impairment during their stay in ICU 39 (64%) patients were males and 22 ( 36%) were female mean age was 41 ± 5 renal impairment developed after mean of 5 days of admission and the most common cause was decreased level of consciousness and severe hypotension. sepsis accounting for 40% of the admission. The outcome in ICU showed that the mortality rate was high up to 41% in kidney injury patients Sepsis account for over 96 % (24 patients) who have passed away. Conclusions: development of AKI in ICU is an important risk factor for poor outcomes in critically setting. Prevention is the best method for avoiding AKI, with the early identification and recognition of high-risk patients.
Intensification of Xylo-oligosaccharides Production by Hydrothermal Treatment of Brewer’s Spent Grains: Use of Extremely Low Acid Catalyst for Reduction of Degradation Products Associated With High Solids Loading
Authors: Swart Lukas J. , Bedzo Oscar Koku Kplorm , Rensburg Eugéne van , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Brewers’ spent grains (BSG) make up to 85% of a brewery’s solid waste, and is either sent to landfill or sold as cheap animal feed supplement. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) obtained from BSG are antioxidants and prebiotics that can be used in food formulations as low-calorie sweeteners and texturisers. The effect of extremely low acid (ELA) catalysis in liquid hot water (LHW) hydrothermal treatment (HTT) was assessed using BSG with dry matter contents of 15% and 25%, achieved by dewatering using a screw press. Batch experiments at low acid loadings of 5, 12.5 and 20 mg/g dry mass and temperatures of 120, 150 and 170 °C significantly affected XOS yield at both levels of dry mass considered. Maximum XOS yields of 76.4% (16.6 g/l) and 65.5% (31.7 g/l) were achieved from raw BSG and screw pressed BSG respectively, both at 170 °C and using 5 mg acid/g dry mass, after 15 min and 5 min, respectively. These XOS yields were obtained with BSG containing up to 63% less water and temperatures more than 20 °C lower than that reported previously. The finding confirms that ELA dosing in LHW HTT allows lowering of the required temperature that can result in a reduction of degradation products, which is especially relevant under high solids conditions. This substantial XOS production intensification through higher solids loadings in HTT, not only achieved high product yield, but also provided benefits such as increased product concentrations and decreased process heat requirements.
Effects associated with insertion of rol genes on morphogenic potential in explants derived from transgenic Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst
Authors: Sarkar Sayantika , Jha Sumita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present study deals with the establishment of rolA-transgenic and rolB-transgenic plants for the first time through Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation, exploiting the inherent morphogenic potential of an important medicinal plant, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. The rolA-transgenic and rolB-transgenic plants showed integration and expression of rolA and rolB genes respectively, whereas Ri-transformed plants showed integration and expression of rolA, rolB, rolC and rolD genes. Morphogenic potential of different types of explants derived from rolA-transgenic, rolB-transgenic and Ri-transformed plants on basal medium was evaluated. Shoot organogenesis was enhanced significantly in leaf (1.6-fold) and internode (1.4-fold) explants derived from rolA-transgenic plants, rolB-transgenic leaf (2.4-fold) and internode (1.6-fold) explants as well as leaf (5.2-fold) and internode (3.3-fold) explants derived from Ri-transformed plants compared to explants from non-transformed plants. Substantial increase in root organogenesis was also noticed in rolA-transgenic leaf (1.7-fold) explants, rolB-transgenic leaf (3.6-fold) and internode (1.4-fold) explants as well as leaf (4.1-fold) and internode (1.9-fold) explants derived from Ri-transformed plants compared to non-transformed ones. In addition to this, growth of root tip and shoot regeneration was also noticed from Ri-transformed root explants, but not in rolA-transgenic, rolB-transgenic and non-transformed roots. Clones of all three transgenic plants differed morphologically from non-transformed plants; however, rolB gene alone has a pronounced effect in alteration of plant phenotype in B. monnieri. Clones of rolB-transgenic plants were similar in shoot length, internode length, number of nodes/plant and number of leaves/plant when compared with Ri-transformed plant clones
Mental Health Consultations on College Campuses: Examining the Predictive Ability of Social Media
Authors: Saha Koustuv , Yousuf Asra , Boyd Ryan , Pennebaker James , Choudhury Munmun De 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The mental health of college students is a growing concern, and gauging the mental health needs of college students is difficult to assess in real-time and in scale. While social media has shown potential as a viable "passive sensor" of mental health, the construct validity and in-practice reliability of such computational assessments remain largely unexplored. Towards this goal, we study how assessing the mental health of college students using social media data correspond with ground-truth data of on-campus mental health consultations. For a large U.S. public university, we obtained ground-truth data of on-campus mental health consultations between 2011-2016, and collected 66,000 posts from the university's Reddit community. We adopted machine learning and natural language methodologies to measure symptomatic mental health expressions of depression, anxiety, stress, suicidal ideation, and psychosis on the social media data. Seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models of forecasting on-campus mental health consultations showed that incorporating social media data led to predictions with r=0.86 and SMAPE=13.30, outperforming models without social media data by 41%. Our language analyses revealed that social media discussions during high mental health consultations months consisted of discussions on academics and career, whereas months of low mental health consultations saliently show expressions of positive affect, collective identity, and socialization. This study reveals that social media data can improve our understanding of college students' mental health, particularly their mental health treatment needs.