bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating cell‐free DNA from supernatant for molecular diagnostics on cytology specimens
Authors: Perrone Marie E. , Alvarez Rebeca , Vo Tawnie T. , Chung Moon‐Wook , Chhieng David C. , Paulson Vera A. , Colbert Brice G. , Q. Konnick Eric , Huang Eric C. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCytology specimens are often used for biomarker testing in the setting of neoplasia. On occasion, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) cell blocks unfortunately may not yield sufficient material for testing. Recent studies have suggested that residual supernatant fluid from cell block preparation is a valuable source of DNA: both cellular and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). In the present study, the use of cfDNA from supernatant is compared against DNA from FFPE materials.MethodscfDNA was extracted prospectively from residual supernatants of 30 cytology samples (29 neoplastic cases and 1 benign ascitic fluid from a patient with a history of melanoma). Samples were tested using clinically validated next‐generation–sequencing platforms and the results were compared with data from paired FFPE cell blocks in a real‐time prospective clinical setting. Thirteen samples were tested on an amplicon‐based assay (Solid Tumor Hotspot), and 17 samples were tested using a comprehensive capture‐based assay (UW‐Oncoplex).ResultsNeoplastic content was estimated by mutational variant allele fraction, with a mean content of 24.0% and 25.8% in supernatant and FFPE, respectively. The variant concordance between paired samples was 90%, and identical results were detected in both supernatant and FFPE samples in 74% of cases.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that cfDNA from supernatant is a viable alternative to FFPE cell blocks for molecular biomarker testing using both amplicon‐based and capture‐based assays with potential for decreasing additional tissue sampling and faster turnaround time.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single Oral Dose of Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Combination Tablets in Healthy Japanese Study Participants
Authors: Singh Rajendra P. , Adkison Kimberly , Wolstenholme Allen , Hopking Judy , Wynne Brian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of abacavir 600 mg/dolutegravir 50 mg/lamivudine 300 mg were assessed in this phase 1, single‐arm, open‐label, single‐dose study in fasted healthy male (n = 4) and female (n = 8) participants of Japanese heritage. Participants received a single dose of abacavir 600 mg/dolutegravir 50 mg/lamivudine 300 mg after an 8‐hour fast, with safety assessments and blood samples for pharmacokinetic parameters collected through 72 hours after dosing. Geometric mean maximum plasma concentrations were 5.22 μg/mL (time to maximum concentration [tmax], 1.01 hours) for abacavir, 4.13 μg/mL (tmax, 3.50 hours) for dolutegravir, and 3.35 μg/mL (tmax, 2.98 hours) for lamivudine. Geometric mean area under the concentration‐time curve values were 18.20, 71.60, and 16.60 μg • h/mL for abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine, respectively. No adverse events were reported, and no clinically significant findings were observed in laboratory values, physical examinations, or 12‐lead electrocardiographic parameters. Single‐tablet administration of abacavir 600 mg/dolutegravir 50 mg/lamivudine 300 mg was well tolerated in Japanese participants. Exposure to abacavir and lamivudine was comparable with that seen in previous studies. A modest increase in exposure to dolutegravir vs previous clinical studies was observed but is not expected to impact the clinical management of HIV‐1 or increase the risk for adverse events.
A deadline aware load balancing strategy for cloud computing
Authors: Haidri Raza A. , Alam Mahfooz , Shahid Mohammad , Prakash Shiv , Sajid Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe load balancing (LB) may be used at different levels to reduce overhead for the decision‐making process. In the past decade, cloud computing has drawn a lot of attention from both the academic and commercial communities to get demanded resources (machines, platforms, data, storage, software, and so forth) as a service on rent economically. Generally, a situation may arise when requests are not meeting their deadlines and the cloud provider wants to finish the running application in minimum time. In this article, a receiver initiated deadline aware LB strategy (RDLBS2) has been proposed which attempts the migration of incoming cloudlets to appropriate virtual machines (VMs) where the deadlines of the cloudlets are met to optimize the turnaround time by exploiting the remaining processing capacities of VMs. A simulation study has been carried out by using Cloud‐Sim as a simulator. A sensitivity analysis has been presented to analyze the effects on performance parameters by varying the number of cloudlets and the number of VMs while keeping the remaining input parameters fixed. The experimental evaluation and analysis suggest that RDLBS2 performs significantly better than its peers on objective parameters almost in all cases under study.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on K‐doped SrCo0.9Nb0.1O3‐δ as a Promising Cathode for Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhu Kang , Yang Yi , Huan Daoming , Hu Xueyu , Shi Nai , Xie Yun , Li Xinyu , Xia Changrong , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImproving proton conduction in cathodes is regarded as one of the most effective methods to accelerate the sluggish proton‐involved oxygen reduction reaction (P‐ORR) for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (P‐SOFCs). In this work, K+ dopant was used to improve the proton uptake and migration ability of SrCo0.9Nb0.1O3‐δ (SCN). K+‐doped SCN (KSCN) demonstrated great potential to be a promising cathode for P‐SOFCs. Density functional theory calculations suggested that doping with K+ led to more oxygen vacancies and more negative values of hydration enthalpy, which was helpful for the improvement of proton concentration. Importantly, the proton migration barriers could be depressed, benefiting proton conduction. Electrochemical investigations signified that the cell using KSCN cathode had a peak power density of 967 mW cm−2 at 700 °C, about 54.1 % higher than that using a SCN cathode. This research highlights the K+‐doping strategy to improve electrochemical performance of cathodes for P‐SOFCs.
A Review on Li+/H+ Exchange in Garnet Solid Electrolytes: From Instability against Humidity to Sustainable Processing in Water
Authors: Ye Ruijie , Ihrig Martin , Imanishi Nobuyuki , Finsterbusch Martin , Figgemeier Egbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGarnet‐based Li‐ion conductors are one of the most promising oxide‐ceramic solid electrolytes for next‐generation Li batteries. However, they undergo a Li+/H+ exchange (LHX) reaction with most protic solvents used in component manufacturing routes and even with moisture in ambient air. These protonated garnets show a lower Li‐ionic conductivity, and even if only the surface is protonated, this degraded layer hinders the Li‐ion exchange with, for example, a metallic Li anode. Furthermore, the resulting unstable surface properties during the processing in air lead to challenges with respect to reproducibility of the final component performance, limiting their commercial applicability. However, in recent years, the knowledge about the underlying chemical mechanisms has led to the development of mitigation strategies and enabled a push of this promising material class towards sustainable and scalable fabrication routes. This Minireview covers the following four aspects, which are relevant for a comprehensive understanding of these developments: (1) reports of LHX phenomenon in garnets exposed to air and solvents; (2) recent understandings of the fundamentals and properties of LHX; (3) strategies to prevent LHX and to recover garnets; and (4) sustainable application of LHX for material processing and energy‐related devices.
Keratin cyst as a diagnostic pitfall in aspiration cytology of phyllodes tumor
Authors: Paul Pranoy , Agrawal Shruti , Kumar Kranthi , Chaudhary Mriganki , Rao Shalinee , Ravi Bina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhyllodes tumor (PT) is a fibroepithelial lesion of breast known for presence of a heterogenous stroma. However occurrence of a keratin cyst within PT is a rare incidence. An inadequate sampling during fine needle aspiration (FNA) of such lesions may result in an erroneous cytological diagnosis.Case reportIn the present case, ultrasound guided FNA smears from the breast lump in a 31‐year‐old lady with a clinical suspicion of malignancy, were repeatedly interpreted as an epidermal inclusion cyst, which was ultimately reported as a borderline PT on mastectomy.ConclusionThe case report aims at highlighting the importance of a diligent FNA technique keeping in mind the possibility of the various uncommon lesions especially while dealing with such a heterogenous tumor as phyllodes.
Examining the significance of age of onset in persons with lifetime anorexia nervosa: Comparing child, adolescent, and emerging adult onsets in nationally representative U.S. study
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Udo Tomoko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared sociodemographic and clinical profiles of adult patients with lifetime DSM‐5‐defined anorexia nervosa (AN) categorized by age‐of‐onset using data from U.S. national sample of adults.MethodStudy included 216 participants from Third National Epidemiological Survey Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC‐III) who met criteria for lifetime AN based on structured diagnostic interviews (AUDADIS‐5) with age‐of‐onset prior to age 25. Of the 216 participants, 30 were categorized as child‐onset (<15 years old), 104 adolescent‐onset (15–18 years of age), and 82 “emerging‐adult” (19–24 years of age); the three groups were compared on their clinical characteristics.ResultsAmong participants with lifetime diagnoses of AN with onsets earlier than 25 years, adjusted prevalence rates for the three groups were: 11.8% (SE = 2.04; child‐onset), 39.6% (SE = 2.69; adolescent‐onset), and 48.6% (SE = 2.67; emerging‐adult). Child‐onset group reported more frequent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), lowest BMI, longest episode‐duration, was least likely to attend college, and had highest rate of lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. Child‐onset group had earliest age of help‐seeking and were most likely to have been hospitalized. Group differences persisted in analyses adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and duration of AN episode.DiscussionOur findings, based on a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with lifetime diagnoses of AN, suggest that those with child‐onset had more severe AN, greater life difficulties, and greater lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. Findings emphasize the importance of earlier recognition and rapid referral to effective treatments.
Demographic responses to climate change in a threatened Arctic species
Authors: Dunham Kylee D. , Tucker Anna M. , Koons David N. , Abebe Asheber , Dobson F. Stephen , Grand James B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Arctic is undergoing rapid and accelerating change in response to global warming, altering biodiversity patterns, and ecosystem function across the region. For Arctic endemic species, our understanding of the consequences of such change remains limited. Spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri), a large Arctic sea duck, use remote regions in the Bering Sea, Arctic Russia, and Alaska throughout the annual cycle making it difficult to conduct comprehensive surveys or demographic studies. Listed as Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, understanding the species response to climate change is critical for effective conservation policy and planning. Here, we developed an integrated population model to describe spectacled eider population dynamics using capture–mark–recapture, breeding population survey, nest survey, and environmental data collected between 1992 and 2014. Our intent was to estimate abundance, population growth, and demographic rates, and quantify how changes in the environment influenced population dynamics. Abundance of spectacled eiders breeding in western Alaska has increased since listing in 1993 and responded more strongly to annual variation in first‐year survival than adult survival or productivity. We found both adult survival and nest success were highest in years following intermediate sea ice conditions during the wintering period, and both demographic rates declined when sea ice conditions were above or below average. In recent years, sea ice extent has reached new record lows and has remained below average throughout the winter for multiple years in a row. Sea ice persistence is expected to further decline in the Bering Sea. Our results indicate spectacled eiders may be vulnerable to climate change and the increasingly variable sea ice conditions throughout their wintering range with potentially deleterious effects on population dynamics. Importantly, we identified that different demographic rates responded similarly to changes in sea ice conditions, emphasizing the need for integrated analyses to understand population dynamics.
Enzymatic Biosensor Based on One‐step Electrodeposition of Graphene‐gold Nanohybrid Materials and its Sensing Performance for Glucose
Authors: Miao Kunpeng , Yan Long , Bi Ran , Ma Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRGO/Au/Ni electrode was manufactured by a convenient, controllable, and environmental process, which was carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and in this process, graphene‐gold nanohybrid materials were simultaneously deposited on the nickel foam. Then the GOx was immobilized on the RGO/Au/Ni electrode by covalent bonding, and obtained the enzymatic biosensor. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy were adopted to confirm the microstructure of the fabricated RGO/Au/Ni electrode. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) was used to characterize the prepared enzymatic electrode. CV, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the electrochemical performance of the fabricated enzymatic biosensor. It is found that AuNPs were well dispersed on the wrinkled RGO sheets, and the biosensor had a high sensitivity to glucose (32.83 μA ⋅ mM−1 ⋅ cm−2) with a wide linear range (0.15
26.15 mM), the strengths of anti‐interference ability, good stability, and repeatability, etc.
Space cooling using geothermal single‐effect water/lithium bromide absorption chiller
Authors: El Haj Assad Mamdouh , Sadeghzadeh Milad , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Al‐Shabi Mohammad , Albawab Mona , Anvari‐Moghaddam Amjad , Bani Hani Ehab 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis research is proposed to fully investigate the performance of a single‐effect water/lithium bromide absorption chiller driven by geothermal energy. Since absorption cycles are considered as low‐grade energy cycles, this innovative idea of rejecting fluid from a single‐flash geothermal power plant with low‐grade energy would serve as efficient, economical, and promising technology. In order to examine the feasibility of this approach, a residential building which is located in Sharjah, UAE, considered to evaluate its cooling capacity of 39 kW which is calculated using MATLAB software. Based on the obtained cooling load, modeling of the required water/lithium bromide single‐effect absorption chiller machine is implemented and discussed. A detailed performance analysis of the proposed model under different conditions is performed using Engineering Equation Solver software (EES). Based on the obtained results, the major factors in the design of the proposed system are the size of the heat exchangers and the input heat source temperature. The results are presented graphically to find out the geofluid temperature and mass flow and solution heat exchanger effectiveness effects on the chiller thermal performance. Moreover, the effects of the size of all components of the absorption chiller on the cooling load to meet the space heating are presented. The thermal efficiency of the single‐flash geothermal power plant is about 13% when the power plant is at production well temperature 250℃, separator pressure 0.24 MPa, and condenser pressure 7.5 kPa. The results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) reaches about 0.87 at solution heat exchanger effectiveness of 0.9, when the geofluid temperature is 120℃.
Species and Life-Stage Sensitivity of Chinese Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) to Chemical Exposure: A Critical Review
Authors: Bai Yunfei , Lian Deru , Su Tenghui , Wang Yolina Yu Lin , Zhang Dainan , Wang Zhen , Gimeno Sylvia , You Jing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chemical production and consumption in Asia are increasing at an unprecedented rate, calling for regulations on chemical management. Under the New Chemical Substance Notification in China, information on ecotoxicological effects of chemicals is mandatory for the simplified registration of chemicals with the requirement that one ecotoxicological test is conducted locally. It is now mandatory to use the native fish species Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). However, its chemical sensitivity compared to that of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) or zebrafish (Danio rerio) is still unclear. We performed a holistic literature review on toxicity data with G. rarus from 1997 to 2020. Species sensitivity among G. rarus, P. promelas, and D. rerio and life-stage sensitivity of G. rarus were systematically investigated for various chemicals using both chemical ratio distribution and probabilistic chemical toxicity distribution approaches. Comparatively, the Chinese native fish species G. rarus was more sensitive than D. rerio, particularly to metals. Juvenile and adult G. rarus were more sensitive than its larvae and embryos. The observed lower sensitivity of G. rarus embryo was likely due to the thick embryonic chorion, discrepant methods of collecting embryos, and the paucity of toxicity data, implying the necessity to standardize G. rarus embryo tests and validate the sensitivity with various types of chemicals. This unique review allows us to conclude that G. rarus studies could be used in worldwide registrations and that further investigations are needed to use G. rarus embryos as alternatives to the fish test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2680–2692. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Fish species and life stages sensitivity comparisons. AFT = acute fish toxicity test; LC50 = median lethal concentration; TC5 = threshold concentration 5%.
Blockchain and artificial intelligence for 5G‐enabled Internet of Things: Challenges, opportunities, and solutions
Authors: Dhar Dwivedi Ashutosh , Singh Rajani , Kaushik Keshav , Rao Mukkamala Raghava , Alnumay Waleed S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the digital world by connecting billions of electronic devices over the internet. IoT devices play an essential role in the modern era when conventional devices become more autonomous and smart. On the one hand, high‐speed data transfer is a major issue where the 5G‐enabled environment plays an important role. On the other hand, these IoT devices transfer the data by using protocols based on centralized architecture and may cause several security issues for the data. Merging artificial intelligence to 5G wireless systems solves several issues such as autonomous robots, self‐driving vehicles, virtual reality, and engender security problems. Building trust among the network users without trusting third party authorities is the system's primary concern. Blockchain emerged as a key technology based on a distributed ledger to maintain the network's event logs. Blockchain provides a secure, decentralized, and trustless environment for IoT devices. However, integrating IoT and blockchain also has several challenges; for example, major challenge is low throughput. Currently, the ethereum blockchain network can process approximately 12 to 15 transactions per second, while IoT devices require relatively higher throughput. Therefore, blockchains are incapable of providing functionality for a 5G‐enabled IoT based network. The limiting factor of throughput in the blockchain is their network. The slow propagation of transactions and blocks in the P2P network does not allow miners and verifiers to fastly mine and verify new blocks, respectively. Therefore, network scalability is the major issue of IoT based blockchains. In this work, we solved the network scalability issue using blockchain distributed network while to increase the throughput of blockchain, this article uses the Raft consensus algorithm. Another most important issue with IoT networks is privacy. Unfortunately, the blockchain distributed ledgers are public and sensitive information is available on the network for everyone are private, but in such cases, third party editing is not possible without revealing the original contents. To solve privacy issues, we used zkLedger as a solution that is based on zero knowledge‐based cryptography.
The effect of chelating agents including potassium tartrate and citrate on the maximum reduction of lead and cadmium during soaking and cooking from some different varieties of rice available in Iran
Authors: karimi Zahra , Goli Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the percentage of reduction of lead and cadmium by chelating agents (potassium tartrate and potassium citrate) in the steps of soaking, cooking, and simultaneous soaking and cooking in some varieties of rice for the first time. Each chemical experiment was performed in ten replications. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Agilent‐7700X ICP‐MS) was used to assess the complete Cd and Pb content in rice samples acid‐digested (500 mg dry‐sample, 9 ml HNO3: 3 ml HCl). The cooking‐only treatment was more successful in terms of lead reduction than the soaking‐only treatment in chelating agent‐containing solutions (either potassium tartrate or potassium citrate), though it had the same effect on cadmium reduction. Simultaneous soaking and cooking in chelating agents such as potassium tartrate and potassium citrate significantly reduced lead (reduction rate compared to control 99.43% with potassium tartrate and 98.96% with potassium citrate) and cadmium (reduction rate compared to control 95.13% with potassium tartrate and 92.77% with potassium citrate). Potassium tartrate outperforms potassium citrate in terms of lead reduction, but potassium tartrate is equivalent to potassium citrate in terms of cadmium reduction. Up to 200 ppm applicable chelating agents, sensory analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the treatments. In general, rice cookers are advised to use levels up to 200 ppm of citrate or potassium tartrate in combination in the 3‐hr rinsing period and then in the 15‐min cooking period to reduce the percentage of dangerous heavy metals, especially lead 99%–99.4% and cadmium 92.8%–95.1%.
Forecasting realized volatility: The role of implied volatility, leverage effect, overnight returns, and volatility of realized volatility
Authors: Kambouroudis Dimos S. , McMillan David G. , Tsakou Katerina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe forecast realized volatility extending the heterogeneous autoregressive model (HAR) to include implied volatility (IV), the leverage effect, overnight returns, and the volatility of realized volatility. We analyze 10 international stock indices finding that, although a simple HAR model augmented with IV (HAR‐IV) is more accurate than any HAR model excluding it, all markets support further extensions of the HAR‐IV model. More accurate forecasts are found using overnight returns in all markets except the UK, the volatility of realized volatility in the US, and the leverage effect in five markets. A value‐at‐risk exercise supports the economic significance of our findings.