bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient buildup and dissipation of a compressed plasma shockwave in arc-discharge plasma beams
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Fu Yifeng , Zhang Zun , Lin Xin , Qi Jiayun , Ling William Yeong Liang , Tang Haibin , Herdrich Georg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electric propulsion offers the advantage of a high specific impulse through a large exhaust velocity and has seen significant progress in space flight applications. Recently, we observed a transient plasma shockwave during pulsed plasma thruster operation when the plasma beam impacted a probe surface. However, details regarding the plasma shockwave formation are still unknown. This work is an experimental investigation of the compression-induced plasma shockwave in the presence of a planar obstruction. To study the complete shockwave buildup and dissipation process, an ultra-high-speed imaging system was set up to visualize the time-resolved shockwave morphology at a sub-microsecond level. In addition, the local magnetic field and plasma density were measured using 2D magnetic coils and a triple Langmuir probe, respectively. The successive images of the shockwave give us a comprehensive understanding of the shockwave buildup process. During the 12 μs operational period of the thruster, two shockwaves were formed during the first cycle of the discharge. It is also interesting to note that there is a 1 μs dissipation period between the two shockwaves with the same cloud of plasma compressing against the probe surface. A shockwave model is also developed to predict the appearance of the two shockwaves. The implication is that the local magnetic field strength can be a key indicator for the plasma shockwave buildup and dissipation process.
CMB anisotropies and linear matter power spectrum in models with non-thermal neutrinos and primordial magnetic fields
Authors: Kunze Kerstin E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Angular power spectra of temperature anisotropies and
polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) as well as the
linear matter power spectra are calculated for models with three
light neutrinos with non-thermal phase-space distributions in the
presence of a primordial stochastic magnetic field. The non-thermal
phase-space distribution function is assumed to be the sum of a
Fermi-Dirac and a gaussian distribution. It is found that the known
effective description of the non-thermal model in terms of a twin
thermal model with extra relativistic degrees of freedom can also be
extended to models including a stochastic magnetic field. Numerical
solutions are obtained for a range of magnetic field parameters.
η mesons in hot magnetized nuclear matter
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Arvind 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

interactions are investigated in hot magnetized asymmetric nuclear matter using the chiral SU(3) model and chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). In the chiral model, the in-medium properties of η-mesons are calculated using medium modified scalar densities under the influence of an external magnetic field. Further, in a combined chiral model and ChPT approach, off-shell contributions of the

interactions are evaluated from the ChPT effective

Lagrangian, and the in-medium effect of scalar densities are incorporated from the chiral SU(3) model. We find that the magnetic field has a significant effect on the in-medium mass and optical potential of η mesons, and we observe a deeper mass-shift in the combined chiral model and ChPT approach than in the solo chiral SU(3) model. In both approaches, no additional mass-shift is observed due to the uncharged nature of η mesons in the presence of a magnetic field.
System scan of the multiplicity correlation between forward and backward rapidities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions using a multi-phase transport model *
Authors: Li Yi-An , Wang Dong-Fang , Zhang Song , Ma Yu-Gang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A systematic study on forward–backward (FB) multiplicity correlations from large systems to small ones through a multi-phase transport model (AMPT) has been performed and the phenomenon that correlation strength increases with centrality can be explained by taking the distribution of events as the superposition of a series of Gaussian distributions. It is also found that correlations in the

plane can imply the shape of the event. Furthermore, long-range correlations originate from the fluctuations associated with the source information. FB correlations allow us to decouple long-range correlations from short-range correlations, and may provide a chance to investigate the α-clustering structure in initial colliding light nuclei as well. It seems the tetrahedron 16O + 16O collision gives a more uniform and symmetrical fireball, that emits the final particles more isotropically or independently in the longitudinal direction, indicating that the forward–backward multiplicity correlation could be used to identify the pattern of α-clustered 16O in future experiments.
Optimization and fast prototyping of polymer parts exposed to cyclic loading
Authors: Marek V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many mechatronic systems operate with parts made of polymers. This cost-effective solution is also easy to design. Manufacturing is trivial for producers who produce millions of parts. The solution is more complicated when the fatigue and loading is a significant factor. The paper describes the development of polymer parts that are loaded by cyclic operation. The number of cycles in a specific application can be around 1 million. The specific case also deals with a corrosion environment around these components. Gasses in the environment cause degradation of material and failure of parts made of specific polymers. This interaction limits the choice of suitable materials. The mechanism operates in two directions which define the opening of a valve and free turn. Two variants of elastic valves were analysed. Loading states were simulated by final element methods. Internal stresses and contact stresses were analysed. Results were compared with long-term test results. The material creep and other material properties define the function of elastic parts after thousands of cycles. The technology of mould fabrication was analysed considering simplification and general effectivity of production. Prototype valves were printed by FDM 3D printer and tested. Prototype moulds were printed by SLA 3D printer, which produces high-temperature stable polymer. This procedure shows cost-effective prototype development and test procedures.
Improving measuring line parameters of the UIC test bench
Authors: Pribilinec F , Čajkovič L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article deals with the description of the management of variable braking force at the request of multi-level braking on certification test bench UIC. The device is used to analyze the frictional properties of rolling stock brake accessory components. The introduction of the article describes and approaches the function of the measurement and control process. Based on the UIC standard, the requirement for variable braking force for multi-level braking is described. The conclusion of the article is devoted to evaluating the accuracy of measured data and analyzing undesirable phenomena.
Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) ultrasonic wave for residual stress measurement
Authors: Geľatko M , Hatala M , Vandžura R , Botko F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article deals with the state-of-the-art in the field of Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) ultrasonic wave, for non-destructive material evaluation. It checks its capability for residual stress identification, and reviews positives and negatives related to its use. Obtained information within the article, are used for the understanding of essence of method and for the evaluation of its use in the engineering practice. The article can be the source of information about the LCRwave measurement technology, which is the part of the complex ultrasonic testing method. For the frequency of using this technology for surface residual stress measurement, it is appropriate to have this information in one whole, which are gathered of the outputs of researches by various authors. The paper is divided in few sections and sub-sections. In the first section, information about LCRwave technique and factors correlated with this method, are provided. The next section writes about residual stresses and the importance of their identification. Next, the principal of residual stresses measurement and basic structure of measurement device, is described. A significant part of study, describes the state so far of theoretical and practical researches within the use of this method, in the technological practice of residual stress identification in surface layers of engineering components. In the conclusion, obtained knowledges are summarised and evaluated. Related positive and negative aspects are included, with a verifying the need of future researches.
Selection of parameters during shredding of corn stalks as an additive to the polymer
Authors: Macko M , Łączny D , Lewandowski J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on the process of grinding dried corn stalks to use them as polylactide filler. Shredding was carried out on a laboratory shredder with the use of a design variant based on discs with cylindrical holes. By selecting the design variant, the appropriate grinding speed and the material pressure on the shredder discs, the most favourable parameters in terms of the quality of the shredded product and low energy consumption were selected. The research was conducted to reduce the energy demand during the shredding process and to obtain the shredded material suitable for further processing steps.
The influence of suspension nonlinearities on fatigue assessment of vehicle structure
Authors: Klockiewicz Zbyszko , Spadło Mikołaj , Ślaski Grzegorz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Load spectrums for the fatigue analysis were created using suspension responses generated in a simulation of vehicle and suspension vertical dynamics nonlinear model for different conditions of vehicle use. The next stage presented was the use of finite element method and analysis of obtained stresses with its transformation to a set of cycles that are used in the determination of fatigue characteristics. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the stresses field in the vehicle structure and suspension elements was done and later the influence of suspension responses on the fatigue assessment for most loaded parts of suspension and vehicle structure. Lastly conclusions were drawn from the results describing qualitative and quantitative influence of different road class and load conditions on fatigue assessment of vehicle structure and suspension components. Conclusion on the proposed and used methodology also was drawn.
Computational Simulation of the Shear Test of a Multi-layered Long-Fibre Composite with a Polymer Matrix
Authors: Krmela J , Krmelová V , Artyukhov A , Sadjiep S , Bakošová A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the creation of a computational model of a multi-layered composite made of long fibres embedded in a polymer matrix and its use to simulate the response of the composite to a shear test. The research involves the determination of material parameters of the matrix (elastomer, in the context of the current paper) as well as of fibres (textile-cords and steel-cords). Careful attention is given to the Mooney-Rivlin parameters obtained from the elastomers tensile test for these simulations since shear tests have not been performed. Then by getting advantage of APDL (Ansys Parametric Design Language) in ANSYS, the computational model was successfully created and lastly simulated. The outputs obtained from the computational modelling will greatly help later to refine the orthotropic parameters of the composite, needed in future works to build up and achieve computational simulations of tires.
Kinematic and dynamic analysis and distribution of stress for seven-item mechanism by means of the SolidWorks program
Authors: Vavro J , Vavro J , Marček L , Taraba M , Klimek L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a kinematic and dynamic analysis and distribution of the stress for seven-item planar mechanism by means of the SolidWorks software. The authors of the introduced paper deal with the kinematic analysis of planar mechanisms as well as with the implementation of the vector method into the SolidWorks software program in order to determine the kinematic variables (quantities) of the individual bodies in the whole complex system. The dynamic analysis is performed on the basis of the kinematic analysis. Dynamic analysis allows us to design a system of bodies correctly and it is with the respect to the dynamic loading. For the interpretation of the introduced analysis, the seven-item planar mechanism was selected. Graphic dependence of kinematic and dynamic magnitudes of some points is given in dependence on the angle of rotation of the driving item and in dependence on time. In relation to the kinematic and dynamic analysis and subsequent simulation of the planar as well as spatial mechanisms, it is perfect solution to use SolidWorks software program. The considerable advantage of this mentioned program is based on its simplicity from the aspect of modeling and moreover, it is important to point out that utilisation of the mentioned program leads to results which are precise and accurate in the case of the numerical solution of the equations in the whole magnitude referring to motion of mechanism while the given results are obtained in the graphic form.
Loading of thin composite plate by low-speed impact
Authors: Rychlíková L , Novák P , Skočilas J , Žmindák M , Skočilasová B , Soukup J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article summarizes the experimental results from the experiments of loading thin composite plates by low-speed impact. The plates are made on a 3D printer from the material onyx-glass fiber and onyx-carbon fiber. Another investigated material was a pre-impregnated (resin-kevlar) plate. The theory of the impact load of the plate and basic parameters of the tested plates are presented. The plates were repeatedly loaded with low-speed impact weights, the responses of the plate to the impact (wave propagation in the plate) were measured. The experiment is supplemented by a numerical analysis. Damage to the plates was evaluated by NTD methods.
The impact of stiffness increasing in construction of tire measuring device to measured results
Authors: Bartoš M , Bulej V , Gál T , Zajacko I , Wiecek D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the influence of the construction stiffness of the measuring device and its effort to the resulting measured results. The article deals with the possibility of increasing the accuracy of measurement and at the same time reducing the measurement deviation on the measuring device by increasing the rigidity of the structure of the device. In the introduction, the article describes the stiffness, errors and analyzes the possibilities of increasing the accuracy of measurement on the measuring device and examines the causes of measurement deviations. In the next part, the article offers the possibilities of increasing the rigidity and strength of the measuring device. In the practical part, the structural modification of the device increasing the overall rigidity and strength of the structure is presented. In the practical part we made a simulation of old device frame and modified frame. In the last part, the article compares the results of measurements before the structural modification and after the structural modification of the increase in stiffness.
Application of continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites in a modular system
Authors: Svetlík J , Hrivniak L , Šašala M , Stejskal T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the development of the construction of a second generation robotic manipulator designed on a modular principle. The manipulator consists of 6 separate rotary modules interconnected by passive members of the structure. In previous generations of the module, the high weight of the overall assembly, which limited the movement properties, proved to be a problem. Modifications to the structure no longer allowed for further weight reduction. Therefore, a change was made to the materials used for the passive members of the structure. The aluminium alloy was replaced by a continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite produced by additive technology. Modelling and simulation in CAD software was used in the modification of passive members, which was necessary in order to be able to design and manufacture composite parts.
Measurement problems of miniature electrical machines
Authors: Bodnicki M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents the issue related to experimental research on the determination of static and dynamic properties of miniature electrical machines. The tested objects are, for example, micromotors with body diameters in the order of single millimetres, or linear drives with millimetre dimensions. The main measurement problems were presented and the specificity of these measurements was characterized. First of all, electromechanical time constants have small values due to small values of masses or mass moments of inertia. The force quantities (forces and torques) generated by such actuators also require the use of unconventional measuring transducers. The research may concern the identification of static and dynamic characteristics, but also methods of dynamic measurement of the quantities used in the control of such micromachines are presented. Practical examples of original measurement methods and systems are presented.
Model of the pressing and drying system of organic material
Authors: Domek G , Talaśka K 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe following paper presents a model of a system operating and drying food waste. This paper was written in response to the challenge of reducing food waste, minimizing environmental pollution, decay processes, and exploring the possibility of using said waste. The design of such a system has proven to be innovative, despite still being under construction. Whilst the pressing and drying process itself is not new, the list of process parameters has not previously been used, thus proving innovative in the developed model. High pressure pressing does not only change the geometric form or the physical properties of the material. Such a process also changes the physicochemical properties.The authors' previous experience in pressing organic materials is referenced in this work. Basic parameters such as temperature, pressure and process duration have been developed in earlier studies. In the proposed model, the friction against the walls in the compression chamber have been eliminated. This changes the parameters inside the compression chamber and will certainly improve the lifetime of the system. Previous solutions, such as screw presses, or for higher power - piston ones, were not durable and very energy-consuming. The new solution is much more durable and allows for use of higher pressures. Depending on the materials selected for the process, it will be possible to obtain new products that have not been produced before, due to the limitations of the pressing process.The developed model of pressing and drying organic materials will also allow the further production of ecological fuels from waste materials, like from the waste of the wood industry. It will also allow the use of straw in the production of new building materials. After making the model, there will be a wide scope for further research.
Thermal analysis and experimental testing of clamping jaws for thermomechanical simulator
Authors: Kalina T , Marek V , Jenicek S , Letak R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a thermal analysis of clamping jaws for a thermomechanical simulator, which is compared with the results from a thermal camera and thermocouples placed directly on the specimens during experimental testing. The clamping jaws have several cooling circuits inside of them and are actively cooled throughout the process. The test specimens are in turn heated by high-frequency electrical resistance heating. During the testing, it was observed whether the cooling system is sufficient, partly because polymeric materials are also used on the jaws to electrically insulate the system. Based on the measurements, it was found that even though the test specimen is heated almost to 1000 °C for a long time, the temperature of the jaws does not exceed 40 °C. The suitability of the proposed cooling system was proved and also the satisfactory agreement of experimental measurements with numerical simulations was achieved.
Chitin conduits modified with DNA-peptide coating promote the peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Liu Songyang , Zhou Liping , Li Ci , Min Tiantian , Lu Changfeng , Han Shuai , Zhang Meng , Wen Yongqiang , Zhang Peixun , Jiang Baoguo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the common clinical injuries which needs to be addressed. Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of using biodegradable chitin (CT) conduits small gap tubulization technology as a substitute for traditional epineurial neurorrhaphy. Aiming to improve the effectiveness of CT conduits in repairing PNI, we modified their surface with a DNA-peptide coating. The coating consisted of single strand DNA (ssDNA) and its complementary DNAʹ-peptide mimics. First, we immobilize ssDNA (DNA1 + 2) on CT conduits by carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) method to construct CT/DNA conduits. EDC/NHS was used to activate carboxyl groups of modified ssDNA for direct reaction with primary amines on the CT via amide bond formation. Then, DNA1ʹ-BDNF + DNA2ʹ-VEGF mimic peptide (RGI + KLT) were bonded to CT/DNA conduits by complementary base pairing principle at room temperature to form CT/RGI + KLT conduits. When the surrounding environment rose to a certain point (37 °C), the CT/RGI + KLT conduits achieved sustainable release of DNA′-peptide. In vitro, the CT conduits modified with the DNA-peptide coating promoted the proliferation and secretion of Schwann cells by maintaining their repair state. It also promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells and axon outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion explants. In vivo, CT/RGI + KLT conduits promoted regeneration of injured nerves and functional recovery of target muscles, which was facilitated by the synergistic contribution of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Our research brings DNA and DNA-peptide hybrids into the realm of tissue engineering to repair PNI.