bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Beneficent and Maleficent Effects of Simplification on Retirement Savings
Authors: Shah Avni M , Osborne Matthew , Lefkowitz Jaclyn , Fertig Andrew , Fishbane Alissa , Soman Dilip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Considerable research suggests making information simpler is better. Simplification improves the efficiency of information extraction and lowers psychological frictions, leading to its popularity with policymakers and practitioners worldwide. However, it remains unclear when and how simplification can be utilized most effectively, or if there are contexts where simplification may produce unintended maleficent effects. Using two large-scale field experiments (N = 126,673), we test whether simplifying account statements helps encourage retirement savings in Mexico. We partner with two retirement firms, one ranked high in rate of returns and the other ranked lower. We find that simplifying retirement account statements improves contribution rates for consumers in the high-ranking firm but reduces contribution rates for consumers in the low-ranking firm. Five follow-up experiments provide evidence consistent with a fluency amplification account. Simplifying information improves processing fluency making it easier to accurately recall firm rank relative to the control, which amplifies behavior bidirectionally: High-ranking (low-ranking) firm consumers more accurately recall their firm’s rank, subsequently increasing (decreasing) contributions. However, if simplification is harnessed in ways that improve processing fluency and lower perceived switching costs, then simplification can improve retirement savings for everyone either by boosting contributions or encouraging people to switch to higher performing alternatives.
Virtual museum ‘Traditional Dress of Liangshan Yi Nationality’: analysis of user experience in cultural heritage interaction
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Xueyuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Virtual museums (VMs) of cultural heritage provide new opportunities for the preservation, promotion, and accessibility of traditional cultural practices. The aim of this study is to identify and compare the user experience of different user groups of the ‘Traditional Dress of Liangshan Yi Nationality’ VM and to identify aspects that require improvement. The study sample comprised three groups: clothing design specialists (n = 92), cultural heritage experts (n = 93), and general users interested in cultural heritage (n = 92). Quantitative data collection was conducted through questionnaire surveys using a user experience scale, followed by intergroup pairwise comparison using independent t-tests. The research revealed significant differences in user experience among different groups. The research findings lay the groundwork for refining the content, interface, and functionality of the VM considering the interests and preferences of users. VM developers can gain clearer insights into the various demands of different user groups. Researchers and educational institutions can utilize the results within academic studies on VM interaction and the influence of cultural content on different demographics. The research outcomes also hold value for organizations involved in promoting and preserving cultural heritage, in terms of aligning with audience expectations and increasing interest in traditional clothing.
Complex investigations of an active star formation region in the southern part of Mon R2
Authors: Movsessian T A , Bally J , Magakian T Yu , Moiseev A V 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We continue to present the results of a Byurakan Narrow Band Imaging Survey (BNBIS). In this work, we present the results of the search and further detailed investigation of the objects, found in the course of the BNBIS survey in the southern part of the Mon R2 (Monoceros R2) association. For the search of Herbig–Haro (HH) objects, the narrow-band images, obtained with the 1 m Schmidt telescope of the Byurakan Observatory, were used. Newly found objects were imaged in optical and near-infrared (IR) range with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope, and observed spectrally with a long-slit spectrograph and scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer on a 6 m telescope of Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences using SCORPIO-2 (Spectral Camera with Optical Reducer for Photometrical and Interferometrical Observations – 2). We found three new HH groups: HH 1233, HH 1234, and HH 1235, two of them represent extended collimated flows. HH 1233 is the C-shape bipolar outflow system associated with the 2MASS 06084223−0657385 source star. HH 1234 is the helical chain of HH knots near the star V963 Mon. HH 1235 is a separate compact knot, connected with the visible only in mid- and far-IR source WISE J060856.57−070103.5. We also found several molecular hydrogen outflows, one of which coincides with HH 1233 and two other are associated with the deeply embedded IR sources in the same field. One more probable bipolar H2 outflow is related to WISE J060856.57−070103.5. The emission spectra and spectral energy distributions of the source stars were analysed. According to them they should be under a rather early evolutional stage.
Representation learning for time-domain high-energy astrophysics: Discovery of extragalactic fast X-ray transient XRT 200515
Authors: Dillmann Steven , Martínez-Galarza Juan Rafael , Soria Roberto , Stefano Rosanne Di , Kashyap Vinay L 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a novel representation learning method for downstream tasks like anomaly detection, unsupervised classification, and similarity searches in high-energy data sets. This enabled the discovery of a new extragalactic fast X-ray transient (FXT) in Chandra archival data, XRT 200515, a needle-in-the-haystack event and the first Chandra FXT of its kind. Recent serendipitous discoveries in X-ray astronomy, including FXTs from binary neutron star mergers and an extragalactic planetary transit candidate, highlight the need for systematic transient searches in X-ray archives. We introduce new event file representations, $E-t$ maps and $E-t-\mathrm{d}t$ cubes, that effectively encode both temporal and spectral information, enabling the seamless application of machine learning to variable-length event file time series. Our unsupervised learning approach employs PCA or sparse autoencoders to extract low-dimensional, informative features from these data representations, followed by clustering in the embedding space with DBSCAN. New transients are identified within transient-dominant clusters or through nearest-neighbour searches around known transients, producing a catalogue of 3559 candidates (3447 flares and 112 dips). XRT 200515 exhibits unique temporal and spectral variability, including an intense, hard &lt;10 s initial burst, followed by spectral softening in an $\sim$800 s oscillating tail. We interpret XRT 200515 as either the first giant magnetar flare observed at low X-ray energies or the first extragalactic Type I X-ray burst from a faint, previously unknown low-mass X-ray binary in the LMC. Our method extends to data sets from other observatories such as XMM–Newton, Swift-XRT, eROSITA, Einstein Probe, and upcoming missions like AXIS.
Risk Factors for Infection-Attributable Mortality in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Competing Risk Analysis
Authors: Bae Seongman , Kook Min Soo , Chang Euijin , Jung Jiwon , Kim Min Jae , Chong Yong Pil , Kim Sung-Han , Choi Sang-Ho , Lee Sang-Oh , Kim Yang Soo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Identifying risk factors for mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is crucial due to its high fatality. However, data on risk factors for infection-attributable deaths considering competing risk events such as non-infection-attributable deaths remain limited. We performed a competing risk analysis to elucidate risk factors associated with 30-day infection-attributable mortality in a large cohort of patients with SAB.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included adult patients diagnosed with SAB at a tertiary hospital from August 2008 to December 2019. Competing risk analysis was performed using Fine and Gray models to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) for 30-day infection-attributable death.

Results
Among 1936 patients, 444 (22.9%) died within 30 days. Of these, 338 (76.1%) were infection-attributable and 106 (23.9%) were non-infection-attributable deaths. The multivariable Fine and Gray model identified significant risk factors for 30-day infection-attributable death (sHRs with 95% confidence intervals): an increase in age by 10 years (1.14 [1.02–1.26]), presence of malignancy (1.54 [1.17–2.02]), liver cirrhosis (2.15 [1.56–2.97]), corticosteroid use (1.61 [1.19–2.17]), septic shock (3.28 [1.98–5.42]), elevated C-reactive protein (1.60 [1.19–2.14]), pneumonia (1.81 [1.21–2.72]), persistent bacteremia (1.73 [1.31–2.30]), and failure to remove the eradicable focus (2.40 [1.38–4.19]) or absence of an eradicable focus (1.49 [1.08–2.04]). Except for age and malignancy, these factors were not significantly associated with non-infection-related death.

Conclusions
Specific risk factors for infection-attributable death in patients with SAB were identified, distinct from those for nonattributable death. These findings can aid in the early identification of patients at risk for SAB-attributable mortality.
Epidemiology and Genotype Dynamics of Dengue in Hospitalized Patients in Northern Vietnam Between 2020 and 2022
Authors: Anh Do Duc , The Nguyen Trong , My Truong Nhat , Linh Le Thi Kieu , Hoan Nghiem Xuan , Kremsner Peter G , Toan Nguyen Linh , Song Le Huu , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Arboviruses, including Dengue (DENV), Zika, and chikungunya, cause recurrent outbreaks of varying intensity in tropical countries. This study aimed to investigate other arboviruses, including Zika and chikungunya, in patients clinically suspected of Dengue and to characterize the circulating Dengue serotypes and genotypes in Northern Vietnam from 2020 to 2022. To date, information on this topic in the region has been limited.

Methods
Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya RNA, and DENV serotypes were identified via real-time reverse transcriptase PCR from 426 clinically Dengue suspected patients. Patients were screened for NS1 antigen and anti-DENV immunoglobulin (Ig) G/IgM antibodies. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV Capsid-premembrane gene sequences was performed to investigate genotype distribution.

Results
Dengue was confirmed in 95% of cases, with no Zika or chikungunya RNA detected. DENV-2 was the predominant serotype (61%), followed by DENV-1 (31%) and DENV-4 (7%). Coinfections were observed, with DENV-1 and DENV-2 being the most common. In 2022, a high incidence of Dengue cases with warning signs and severe Dengue was observed, accompanied by elevated liver enzyme levels and reduced platelet counts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DENV-1 and DENV-4 serotypes clustered with previously reported regional virus, while DENV-2 showed a shift from genotype Asian I to Cosmopolitan over the study period.

Conclusions
This study underscores a significant rise in Dengue severity and shifts in DENV genotypes in recent years in Northern Vietnam, emphasizing the importance of understanding genotype dynamics and clinical dynamics for improving outbreak preparedness and response strategies.
Beyond Energy: Teleporting Current, Charge, and More
Authors: Ikeda Kazuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As an homage to Quantum Energy Teleportation, we generalize the idea to arbitrary physical observables, not limited to energy, and prove a rigorous upper bound on the activated (“teleported”) quantity. The essence of this protocol is a quantum feedback control applied to an entangled ground state of a quantum many-body system. To illustrate the concept, we investigate a (1+1)-dimensional Dirac system and apply feedback control based on fermion chirality to activate electric current and charge. One of the most significant results is the creation of long-range correlations across the system after applying control operations only to one local site. Consequently but surprisingly, the induced charge susceptibility fully reconstructs the phase diagram, despite the model initially having no charge. Moreover, we find an activation of novel chiral dynamics induced by feedback control operations, which can be experimentally confirmed using trapped ions and neutral atoms.
Consumer Surplus of Alternative Payment Methods
Authors: Alvarez Fernando , Argente David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper estimates the consumer surplus from using alternative payment methods. We use evidence from Uber rides in Mexico, where riders have the option to use cash or cards to pay for rides. We design and conduct three large-scale field experiments, which involved approximately 400,000 riders. We also build a structural model which, disciplined by our new experimental data, allows us to estimate the loss of private benefits for riders when a ban on cash payments is implemented. We find that Uber riders who use cash as means of payment either sometimes or exclusively suffer an average loss of approximately 40–50% of their total trip expenditures paid in cash before the ban. The magnitude of these estimates reflects the intensity with which cash is used in the application, the shape of the demand curve for Uber rides, and the imperfect substitutability across means of payments. Welfare losses fall mostly on the least-advantaged households, who rely more heavily on the cash payment option.
Using the Perspectives of Advanced Practice Providers to Design Strategies to Increase Engagement of Surgical Patients in Advance Care Planning
Authors: Johnson Christopher L. , Barnes Katherine E. , Colley Alexis , Broering Jeanette , Yee Alisa , Bongiovanni Tasce , Roman Sanziana , Wick Elizabeth C. 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
Advanced practice providers (APPs) are essential members of surgical teams. We sought to understand the barriers and facilitators they perceive when participating in advanced care planning (ACP) discussions with patients and use this knowledge to design strategies to promote interprofessional ACP uptake for surgical services and potentially extend ACP discussions and documentation to more patients.

Background:
ACP has been challenging to integrate into surgical practice despite being endorsed by national societies and payors as an essential aspect of caring for older adults.

Methods:
Using qualitative and quantitative methods, we surveyed and interviewed APPs at a single tertiary academic medical center. A previously validated Likert scale survey of clinician knowledge, attitudes, and experiences with ACP was adapted to include demographic information and details about practice experience.

Results:
Of the 88 APPs who were sent our surveys, 46 (52%) responded. Eighty-eight percent of respondents believed APPs play an important role in ACP discussions, 80% believed that ACP information was helpful in guiding clinical care discussions, 71% expressed comfort with discussing ACP with patients, and 59% endorsed comfort with communicating a prognosis to patients. Twelve interviews yielded 3 main themes: (1) clinical and professional benefits of ACP; (2) barriers to APP involvement in ACP; (3) proposed interventions to integrate APPs into ACP.

Conclusions:
To increase surgical ACP uptake by APPs, data on proposed ACP interventions must focus on establishing a multi-disciplinary team-based workflow, addressing competing clinical demands, opportunities for additional education, and clarifying the scope of work.
Ambulatory Surgery Ensemble: Predicting Adult and Pediatric Same-Day Surgery Cases Across Specialties
Authors: Howell Thomas Clark , Zaribafzadeh Hamed , Sumner Maxwell D. , Rogers Ursula , Rollman John , Buckland Daniel M. , Kent Michael , Kirk Allan D. , Allen Peter J. , Rogers Bruce 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
To develop an ensemble model using case-posting data to predict which patients could be discharged on the day of surgery.

Background:
Few models have predicted which surgeries are appropriate for day cases. Increasing the ratio of ambulatory surgeries can decrease costs and inpatient bed utilization while improving resource utilization.

Methods:
Adult and pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery with any surgical specialty in a multisite academic health system from January 2021 to December 2023 were included in this retrospective study. We used surgical case data available at the time of case posting and created 3 gradient-boosting decision tree classification models to predict case length (CL) less than 6 hours, postoperative length of stay (LOS) less than 6 hours, and home discharge disposition (DD). The models were used to develop an ambulatory surgery ensemble (ASE) model to predict same-day surgery (SDS) cases.

Results:
The ASE achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95 and an average precision of 0.96. In total, 139,593 cases were included, 48,464 of which were in 2023 and were used for model validation. These methods identified that up to 20% of inpatient cases could be moved to SDS and identified which specialties, procedures, and surgeons had the most opportunity to transition cases.

Conclusions:
An ensemble model can predict CL, LOS, and DD for elective cases across multiple services and locations at the time of case posting. While limited in its inclusion of patient factors, this model can systematically facilitate clinical operations such as strategic planning, surgical block time, and case scheduling.
Comminuted Suprasyndesmotic Ankle Fractures are Associated with a High Rate of Anterolateral Plafond Involvement
Authors: Wahlig Brian D. , Khanna Ankur , MacInnis Bailey R. , Copp Jonathan , Cross 3rd William W. , Sems Stephen A. , Yuan Brandon J. , Hidden Krystin A. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify the rate at which the anterolateral tibial plafond is affected in comminuted suprasyndesmotic ankle fractures (AO/OTA 44C2) and to assess how its involvement affects clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Design: Retrospective review

Setting:
Level 1 Trauma Center

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients with a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) treated surgically for AO/OTA 44C2 fractures from January 2005 to December 2021.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of anterolateral plafond impaction or a displaced Tillaux-Chaput fracture. Secondary outcome measures included reoperation rate (excluding hardware removal), rate of new-onset ankle osteoarthritis, rate of ankle osteoarthritis progression, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, and the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS).

Results:
Fifty-three patients met inclusion criteria. The average age was 50 years (range 18-100), and 53% were female. The anterolateral plafond was involved in 26 patients (49%), with anterolateral plafond impaction in 11 patients (21%) and a displaced Tillaux-Chaput fragment in 15 patients (28%). Five patients (19%) received independent fixation of the anterolateral plafond, and three of these patients had anterolateral plafond impaction addressed. Thirty-eight patients (72%) had clinical follow-up of at least 6 months. Patients with anterolateral plafond impaction had a higher rate of reoperation (excluding hardware removal) compared to those without any anterolateral plafond involvement (HR = 8.3, 95% CI: 1.4-15.3, p=0.022) as well as a higher rate of new-onset ankle osteoarthritis (83% vs 23%, p=0.013). There was no difference in the rate of reoperation (11% vs 9%, p=0.748) or new-onset osteoarthritis (63% vs 23%, p=0.078 when comparing those with a displaced Tillaux-Chaput fracture to those without anterolateral plafond involvement. There were no differences in SANE (75% vs. 78% vs. 85%, p = 0.661) or OMAS (70 points vs. 69 points vs. 81 points, p=0.517) scores when comparing those with anterolateral plafond impaction, those with Tillaux-Chaput fragments, and those with no anterolateral plafond involvement.

Conclusion:
CT evaluation is recommended in patients with comminuted suprasyndesmotic fibula fractures (AO/OTA 44C2) given their high association with anterolateral plafond impaction and Tillaux-Chaput fracture. Patients with anterolateral plafond impaction have a higher reoperation rate and new-onset ankle osteoarthritis compared to those without anterolateral plafond involvement.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
What Motivates Older Sedentary People Living With HIV in the United States to Participate in an Exercise Trial? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Iriarte Evelyn , Webel Allison R. , Cook Paul F. , Turner Ashley , Ditzenberger Grace L. , Erlandson Kristine M. , Jankowski Catherine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although exercise supports the physical function and health of older people living with HIV (PLWH), less than half of PLWH globally achieve recommended levels of activity. A qualitative descriptive design was used to determine what motivates sedentary PLWH, 50 years and older, to participate in an exercise trial. Interviews were conducted with PLWH who participated in an exercise trial (n = 30) and PLWH who declined enrollment in the same exercise trial (n = 4). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) guided a directed content analysis of the interviews. Data analysis identified four themes: (a) intention or motivation (perceived benefits, maintaining the exercise behavior over time), (b) attitudes (goals and preferences), (c) perceived behavioral control (barriers, facilitators, and self-efficacy), and (d) subjective norms (pressure from health care providers and social networks). Findings from our study contribute to informing the development of future exercise interventions or trials and to planning care to encourage a physically active lifestyle.
Trends in syphilis case rates among women of reproductive age — United States, 2013–2022
Authors: Anand Priyanka , Quilter Laura A. S. , Learner Emily R. , Barbee Lindley A. , Jackson David A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We analyzed syphilis case notifications in reproductive age women during 2013–2022. Late/unknown duration syphilis grew faster after 2020 (45.8% versus 17.9% annual growth pre-2020). Increased screening, inaccurate staging, delayed diagnosis, or increased incidence following clinical and partner services gaps during 2020 may contribute to rises in late/unknown duration cases.