bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial interventions for improving engagement in care and health and behavioural outcomes for adolescents and young people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Laurenzi Christina A , du Toit Stefani , Ameyan Wole , Melendez‐Torres GJ , Kara Tashmira , Brand Amanda , Chideya Yeukai , Abrahams Nina , Bradshaw Melissa , Page Daniel T , Ford Nathan , Sam‐Agudu Nadia A , Mark Daniella , Vitoria Marco , Penazzato Martina , Willis Nicola , Armstrong Alice , Skeen Sarah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents and young people comprise a growing proportion of new HIV infections globally, yet current approaches do not effectively engage this group, and adolescent HIV‐related outcomes are the poorest among all age groups. Providing psychosocial interventions incorporating psychological, social, and/or behavioural approaches offer a potential pathway to improve engagement in care and health and behavioural outcomes among adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYPLHIV).MethodsA systematic search of all peer‐reviewed papers published between January 2000 and July 2020 was conducted through four electronic databases (Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus). We included randomized controlled trials evaluating psychosocial interventions aimed at improving engagement in care and health and behavioural outcomes of AYPLHIV aged 10 to 24 years.Results and discussionThirty relevant studies were identified. Studies took place in the United States (n = 18, 60%), sub‐Saharan Africa (Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe) and Southeast Asia (Thailand). Outcomes of interest included adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), ART knowledge, viral load data, sexual risk behaviours, sexual risk knowledge, retention in care and linkage to care. Overall, psychosocial interventions for AYPLHIV showed important, small‐to‐moderate effects on adherence to ART (SMD = 0.3907, 95% CI: 0.1059 to 0.6754, 21 studies, n = 2647) and viral load (SMD = −0.2607, 95% CI −04518 to −0.0696, 12 studies, n = 1566). The psychosocial interventions reviewed did not demonstrate significant impacts on retention in care (n = 8), sexual risk behaviours and knowledge (n = 13), viral suppression (n = 4), undetectable viral load (n = 5) or linkage to care (n = 1) among AYPLHIV. No studies measured transition to adult services. Effective interventions employed various approaches, including digital and lay health worker delivery, which hold promise for scaling interventions in the context of COVID‐19.ConclusionsThis review highlights the potential of psychosocial interventions in improving health outcomes in AYPLHIV. However, more research needs to be conducted on interventions that can effectively reduce sexual risk behaviours of AYPLHIV, as well as those that can strengthen engagement in care. Further investment is needed to ensure that these interventions are cost‐effective, sustainable and resilient in the face of resource constraints and global challenges such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Music Teachers' Perceptions of, and approaches to, Creativity in the Greek‐Cypriot Primary Education
Authors: Makris Stavros , Welch Graham F. , Himonides Evangelos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore music teachers' perceptions of, and approaches to, creativity in Primary education. Even though teachers' perceptions on creativity have been investigated broadly and extensively, qualitative research on music teachers' beliefs nurturing the students' creativity in Primary education are less common. In the present paper, data were collected through in‐depth interviews with 10 individuals in the Greek‐Cypriot Primary Education. The results of this exploratory study indicated that activities should include the promotion of the students' self‐action and autonomy, and the pedagogical initiatives that enable students to come up with original outputs in order to be creative. This understanding, in turn, provided the researchers with access to the teacher participants' perceptions of creativity: a multifaceted concept related to students' autonomy, initiative, and the application of imagination and unrestrained thinking to any musical activity. These findings offer some initial insights and are discussed with respect to their implications for policy and practice. Suggestions for future research are also made.
Knockdown of miR‐125b‐5p inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells by targeting RYBP
Authors: Jin Fu‐E , Xie Bo , Xian Hong‐Zhen , Wang Ji‐Hai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGastric carcinoma, one of the most aggressive and lethal human malignancies, is associated with poor prognosis despite progress in therapeutic strategies. This study examined the potential function and mechanism of action of microRNA‐125b‐5p (miR‐125b‐5p) in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. We recognized that miR‐125b‐5p was elevated in gastric carcinoma, and its decreased expression was associated with a better prognosis. Loss‐of‐function assays showed that miR‐125b‐5p suppression inhibited the proliferative and invasive abilities of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, RING1 and YY1‐binding protein (RYBP) was found to be target gene for miR‐125b‐5p action; miR‐125b‐5p negatively regulates RYBP expression. According to the results of rescue experiments, RYBP downregulation partially counteracted the miR‐125b‐5p silence‐mediated inhibitory function in gastric cancer progression. Collectively, these data elucidated the molecular mechanisms of the miR‐125b‐5p/RYBP axis in gastric cancer invasion and growth.
To Tube, or Not to Tube: Comparing Ventilation Techniques in Microlaryngeal Surgery
Authors: Syamal Mausumi N. , Hanisak Jill , Macfarlan Jennifer , Ortega Briana , Sataloff Robert T. , Benninger Michael S. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to compare ventilation techniques utilized in microlaryngeal surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsTwo‐hundred surgeries performed from May 1, 2018 to March 1, 2020 and stratified as intubated, intermittently intubated (AAIV) or apneic. Patient demographics, comorbidities, anesthetic agents, intraoperative parameters/events, and complications were studied and compared across the three groups using inferential analyses.ResultsMedian body mass index in the AAIV group was significantly higher (33 vs. 29; P = .0117). Median oxygen nadirs were lower in AAIV cases (81% vs. 91–92%) while CO2 peak measurements were lower (33 mmHg vs. 48 mmHg) in the fully apneic cohort which were significantly shorter cases (P < .0001). CO2 peak measurements were comparable between AAIV and intubated cohorts (median 48.5 mmHg vs. 48.0 mmHg). Median apnea times were significantly prolonged by 2–5.5 minutes using nasal cannula and THRIVE/Optiflow in fully apneic cases when compared to no supplementary oxygenation (P = .0013). Systolic blood pressures following insertion of laryngoscope were higher (159.5 vs. 145 mmHg) and postoperative diastolic pressures were lower (68.5 vs. 76.5 mmHg) in fully apneic cases than intubated cases. No differences existed between frequencies of complications.ConclusionsThis study compares intubated, intermittently apneic, and fully apneic surgeries. No statistically significant differences were noted in comorbid conditions. While intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations were more pronounced in the fully apneic cohort, and oxygenation distributions were lower in the AAIV cohort, no significant differences existed between events and complications. Apneic techniques are as safe and effective as traditional intubation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2773–2781, 2021
High Molar Mass Polycarbonate via Dynamic Solution Transcarbonation Using Bis(methyl salicyl) Carbonate, an Activated Carbonate
Authors: Aerts Annelore , Kroonen Camiel , Kamps Jan Henk , Sijbesma Rint P. , Heuts Johan P. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh molar mass polycarbonate is synthesized via a solution transcarbonation of bis(methyl salicyl) carbonate and bisphenol‐A at temperatures between 60 and 160 °C without the removal of the condensate, allowing the incorporation of thermosensitive monomers into polycarbonate. Kinetic and equilibrium studies show that the polymerization is 20–30 times faster at 120 °C compared to 60 °C, whereas the equilibrium Mw increases from 11 × 103 g mol−1 at 120 °C to 16 × 103 g mol−1 at 60 °C. This polycondensation is characterized by very high equilibrium constants ranging from 0.8 × 103 at 160 °C to 4.1 × 103 at 60 °C, corresponding to standard enthalpies and entropies of polymerization: −19 kJ mol−1 < ΔH0 < −11 kJ mol−1 and 13 J mol−1 K−1 < ΔS0 < 28 J mol−1 K−1. Without removal of the condensate, the system is shown to be dynamic and completely reversible when changing the temperature. Good predictability of this polycondensation is reported, where only at very low starting monomer concentrations, the formation of cyclics leads to deviations from the predicted behavior.
The Cholinergic Brain in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pasquini Jacopo , Brooks David J. , Pavese Nicola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe central cholinergic system includes the basal forebrain nuclei, mainly projecting to the cortex, the mesopontine tegmental nuclei, mainly projecting to the thalamus and subcortical structures, and other groups of projecting neurons and interneurons. This system regulates many functions of human behavior such as cognition, locomotion, and sleep. In Parkinson's disease (PD), disruption of central cholinergic transmission has been associated with cognitive decline, gait problems, freezing of gait (FOG), falls, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), neuropsychiatric manifestations, and olfactory dysfunction. Neuropathological and neuroimaging evidence suggests that basal forebrain pathology occurs simultaneously with nigrostriatal denervation, whereas pathology in the pontine nuclei may occur before the onset of motor symptoms. These studies have also detailed the clinical implications of cholinergic dysfunction in PD. Degeneration of basal forebrain nuclei and consequential cortical cholinergic denervation are associated with and may predict the subsequent development of cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Gait problems, FOG, and falls are associated with a complex dysfunction of both pontine and basal forebrain nuclei. Olfactory impairment is associated with cholinergic denervation of the limbic archicortex, specifically hippocampus and amygdala. Available evidence suggests that cholinergic dysfunction, alongside failure of the dopaminergic and other neurotransmitters systems, contributes to the generation of a specific set of clinical manifestations. Therefore, a “cholinergic phenotype” can be identified in people presenting with cognitive decline, falls, and RBD. In this review, we will summarize the organization of the central cholinergic system and the clinical correlates of cholinergic dysfunction in PD.
Results and interpretation of a fitting challenge for MR spectroscopy set up by the MRS study group of ISMRM
Authors: Marjańska Małgorzata , Deelchand Dinesh K. , Kreis Roland ,   the 2016 ISMRM MRS Study Group Fitting Challenge Team
Published: August 2021

PurposeFitting of MRS data plays an important role in the quantification of metabolite concentrations. Many different spectral fitting packages are used by the MRS community. A fitting challenge was set up to allow comparison of fitting methods on the basis of performance and robustness.MethodsSynthetic data were generated for 28 datasets. Short‐echo time PRESS spectra were simulated using ideal pulses for the common metabolites at mostly near‐normal brain concentrations. Macromolecular contributions were also included. Modulations of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR); lineshape type and width; concentrations of γ‐aminobutyric acid, glutathione, and macromolecules; and inclusion of artifacts and lipid signals to mimic tumor spectra were included as challenges to be coped with.ResultsTwenty‐six submissions were evaluated. Visually, most fit packages performed well with mostly noise‐like residuals. However, striking differences in fit performance were found with bias problems also evident for well‐known packages. In addition, often error bounds were not appropriately estimated and deduced confidence limits misleading. Soft constraints as used in LCModel were found to substantially influence the fitting results and their dependence on SNR.ConclusionsSubstantial differences were found for accuracy and precision of fit results obtained by the multiple fit packages.
Impact of nationwide essential trace element shortages: A before‐after, single‐center analysis of hospitalized adults receiving home parenteral nutrition therapy
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yeh D. Dante , Ortiz‐Reyes Luis Alfonso , Chang Yuchiao , Quraishi Sadeq A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent data on the prevalence of essential trace element (ETE) deficiencies in home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients are scarce. We investigated whether ETE deficiencies are still an important issue for HPN patients and whether the prevalence of such deficiencies may be influenced by nationwide drug shortages.MethodsWe conducted a single‐institution, retrospective analysis from 2006 to 2015 of hospitalized HPN patients who continued PN during and in between hospitalizations. In subgroup analysis, patients were dichotomized as those with HPN duration <1 vs ≥1 year. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) levels were abstracted for patients over the study period. Prevalence of ETE deficiency was compared using chi‐squared test for patients hospitalized during nonshortage vs shortage (2011–2014) periods.ResultsNinety‐six patients were included in the analysis. Prevalence of ETE deficiency during nonshortage vs shortage periods was 48% vs 54% (Zn), 15% vs 21% (Cu), and 24% vs 48% (Se; P = .01), respectively. When comparing patients who received HPN <1 year vs ≥1 year, the prevalence of Se deficiency doubled during shortage in both subgroups (24% to 42% vs 26% to 49%); and Cu deficiency tripled during shortage period in the group receiving HPN ≥1 year (5% to 16%).ConclusionETE deficiency is prevalent in hospitalized HPN patients and was exacerbated during nationwide shortages of parenteral supplements. Statistical significance may be limited by small sample size. Future studies are needed to determine optimal ETE supplementation strategies for minimizing the impacts of nationwide drug shortages on HPN patients.
Family members’ experiences with the spiritual care of older people living with dementia in nursing homes: A phenomenological hermeneutical study
Authors: Mlinar Reljić Nataša , Fekonja Zvonka , Kmetec Sergej , McSherry Wilfred , Kores Plesničar Blanka , Pajnkihar Majda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo illuminate family members experiences with the spiritual care provided to their family members living with dementia in nursing homes.DesignA qualitative research design utilizing phenomenological hermeneutical approach.MethodsData were gathered by conducting twelve in‐depth interviews with family members of older people living with dementia in nursing homes and analysed using the phenomenological hermeneutical analysis. The COREQ guidance was used for reporting of this study.ResultsFinding revealed that family members were worried and fearful when nursing care was routinely provided with little consideration given to spiritual needs and lacking compassion. Findings affirm that “riendliness” is an essential aspect of respectful caring from the family members' perspective. Family members want compassionate, loving, caring and dignified nursing care for their relative living with dementia in the nursing homes.
Do trained nurses feel more psychologically safe?—Results from a multi‐level modelling approach
Authors: Seibert Melissa , Pfaff Holger , Scholten Nadine , Kuntz Ludwig 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo analyse the associations between a nurse's psychological safety and her/his additional training.DesignA cross‐sectional survey conducted between September 2015 and August 2016.MethodsA multi‐level modelling approach was used considering unit membership. We used data from 1,239 questionnaires completed by nurses on 75 different German neonatal intensive care units, and 75 questionnaires completed by the corresponding leading nurse.ResultsWe found the additional managerial training as a charge nurse to be a positive predictor for psychological safety (β = .346, p ≤ .05). Surprisingly, the additional clinical training in paediatric intensive care is negatively associated with psychological safety (β = −.192, p ≤ .01). Our model estimates that this negative association can be inhibited if the team's share of nurses with an additional clinical training increases (β = .313, p ≤ .05).
The utilization of birds at neolithic WF16, southern Jordan: Cut marks, body parts, and experimental skinning
Authors: White Judith , Khoury Fares , Greet Ben , Mithen Steven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWF16 is an early Neolithic settlement in southern Jordan with a large bird bone assemblage (Number of Identified Specimens [NISP] = 7808), representing 18 families. We explore how the birds were utilized by considering cut marks and body part representation for each of the families represented, also drawing on the experimental skinning of buzzards, the most common bird in the assemblage. We conclude that the bird bones accumulated from a mix of activities including the exploitation of a seasonally abundant supply of migratory birds for food; the acquisition of skins, feathers and talons for decorative, symbolic and practical purposes; and the trapping of wildfowl and gamebirds as a supplementary food source to large mammals.
Microvascular differences in individuals with obesity at risk of developing cardiovascular disease
Authors: van der Velden Anouk I. M. , van den Berg Bernard M. , de Mutsert Renée , van der Vlag Johan , Jukema J. Wouter , Rosendaal Frits R. , Rabelink Ton J. , Vink Hans 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate microvascular differences in individuals with obesity at risk for developing cardiovascular disease.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study, participant sublingual microcirculation was assessed with a newly developed GlycoCheck software (Microvascular Health Solutions Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah), which integrates red blood cell velocity within the smallest capillaries (4‐7 µm) and feed vessels (>10 µm). Framingham Risk Score was used to calculate 10‐year cardiovascular risk, divided into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups. ANOVA was used to evaluate microvascular differences among the groups.ResultsA total of 813 participants were included. The high‐risk group (n = 168) was characterized by differences in the microvasculature compared with the low‐risk group (n = 392): the high‐risk group had a 49% reduction in the number of smallest capillaries and a 9.1‐µm/s (95% CI: 5.2‐12.9) higher red blood cell velocity in the feed vessels. No differences in velocity‐corrected perfused boundary regions were found.ConclusionsIt was observed that, with adding red blood cell velocity to the software, sidestream dark field imaging is able to detect microcirculatory differences in a cohort of individuals with obesity at risk for developing cardiovascular disease.
Melt electrowriting of poly(vinylidene difluoride) using a heated collector
Authors: Kade Juliane C. , Otto Paul F. , Luxenhofer Robert , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious research on the melt electrowriting (MEW) of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) resulted in electroactive fibers, however, printing more than five layers is challenging. Here, we investigate the influence of a heated collector to adjust the solidification rate of the PVDF jet so that it adheres sufficiently to each layer. A collector temperature of 110°C is required to improve fiber processing, resulting in a total of 20 fiber layers. For higher temperatures and higher layers, an interesting phenomenon occurred, where the intersection points of the fibers coalesced into periodic spheres of diameter 206 ± 52 μm (26G, 150°C collector temperature, 2000 mm/min, 10 layers in x‐ and y‐direction).The heated collector is an important component of a MEW printer that allows polymers with a high melting point to be processable with increased layers.
Infiltration of NK and plasma cells is associated with a distinct immune subset in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Backman Max , La Fleur Linnéa , Kurppa Pinja , Djureinovic Dijana , Elfving Hedvig , Brunnström Hans , Mattsson Johanna Sofia Margareta , Lindberg Amanda , Pontén Victor , Eltahir Mohamed , Mangsbo Sara , Gulyas Miklos , Isaksson Johan , Jirström Karin , Kärre Klas , Leandersson Karin , Mezheyeuski Artur , Pontén Fredrik , Strell Carina , Lindskog Cecilia , Botling Johan , Micke Patrick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImmune cells of the tumor microenvironment are central but erratic targets for immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to characterize novel patterns of immune cell infiltration in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in relation to its molecular and clinicopathologic characteristics. Lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, FOXP3+, CD45RO+), macrophages (CD163+), plasma cells (CD138+), NK cells (NKp46+), PD1+, and PD‐L1+ were annotated on a tissue microarray including 357 NSCLC cases. Somatic mutations were analyzed by targeted sequencing for 82 genes and a tumor mutational load score was estimated. Transcriptomic immune patterns were established in 197 patients based on RNA sequencing data. The immune cell infiltration was variable and showed only poor association with specific mutations. The previously defined immune phenotypic patterns, desert, inflamed, and immune excluded, comprised 30, 13, and 57% of cases, respectively. Notably, mRNA immune activation and high estimated tumor mutational load were unique only for the inflamed pattern. However, in the unsupervised cluster analysis, including all immune cell markers, these conceptual patterns were only weakly reproduced. Instead, four immune classes were identified: (1) high immune cell infiltration, (2) high immune cell infiltration with abundance of CD20+ B cells, (3) low immune cell infiltration, and (4) a phenotype with an imprint of plasma cells and NK cells. This latter class was linked to better survival despite exhibiting low expression of immune response‐related genes (e.g. CXCL9, GZMB, INFG, CTLA4). This compartment‐specific immune cell analysis in the context of the molecular and clinical background of NSCLC reveals two previously unrecognized immune classes. A refined immune classification, including traits of the humoral and innate immune response, is important to define the immunogenic potency of NSCLC in the era of immunotherapy. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.