bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased brain modularity after psilocybin therapy for depression.
Authors: Daws Richard , Timmerman Christopher , Giribaldi Bruna , Sexton James , Wall Matthew , Erritzoe David , Roseman Leor , Nutt David , Carhart-Harris Robin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Importance Psilocybin therapy shows antidepressant potential; our data link its antidepressant effects to decreased brain network modularity post-treatment. Objective To assess the sub-acute impact of psilocybin on brain activity in patients with depression. Design Pre vs post-treatment resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) was recorded in two trials: 1) Open-label treatment-resistant depression (TRD) trial with baseline vs 1 day post-treatment fMRI (April-2015 to April-2016); 2) Two-arm double-blind RCT in major depressive disorder (MDD), fMRI baseline vs 3 week after psilocybin-therapy or 6 weeks of daily escitalopram (January-2019 to March-2020). Setting Study visits occurred at the NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility.Participants Adult male and female patients with TRD or MDD. Intervention(s) (for clinical trials) or Exposure(s) (for observational studies)Study 1: Two oral doses of psilocybin (10mg and 25mg, fixed order, 7 days apart). fMRI was recorded at baseline and one day after the 25mg dose. Study 2: either: 2 x 25mg oral psilocybin, 3 weeks apart, plus 6 weeks of daily placebo (‘psilocybin-arm’), or 2 x 1mg oral psilocybin, 3 weeks apart, plus 6 weeks of daily escitalopram [10-20mg] (‘escitalopram-arm’). fMRI was recorded at baseline and 3 weeks after the 2nd psilocybin dose, which was the final day of the 6-week daily capsule ingestion. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s) Beck Depression Inventory and fMRI network modularity. Results Study 1: In 16 adults (mean age [SD], 42.8 [10.1] years, 4 [25%] female), psilocybin therapy was associated with markedly decreased BDI scores at 1 week (mean difference, -21; 95% CI=[-27.3, -14.7], P<.001) and 6 months (mean difference, -14.19; 95% CI=[-21.3, -7.1], P<.001). Decreased network modularity at one day post-treatment correlated with treatment response at 6 months (Pearson, 0.64; P=.01). Study 2: In 43 adults (42.7 [10.5] years, 14 [33%] female), antidepressant effects favoured the psilocybin-arm at 2 (mean difference, -8.76; 95% CI=[-13.6, -3.9], P=.002) and 6 weeks (mean difference, -8.78; 95% CI=[-15.6, -2.0], P=.01). Specific to the psilocybin-arm, improvements at the 6-week primary endpoint correlated with decreased network modularity (Pearson, -0.42, P=.025). Conclusions and Relevance Consistent efficacy-related functional brain changes correlating with robust and reliable antidepressant effects across two studies suggest a candidate antidepressant mechanism for psilocybin therapy: decreased brain network modularity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03429075
Nicotinic Acid Upregulates Intestinal Antimicrobial Peptides via Manipulating the Histone Acetylation Modification to Enhance the Resistance of Escherichia Coli Infection in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Feng Junsen , He Dongsheng , Chen Tianbao , Cai Weiyou , Chen Yibo , Xiong Yunxia , Wu Qiwen , Jiang Zongyong , Wang Li , Yi Hongbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Nicotinic acid (NA) has been used to treat different inflammatory disease with positive influence, the mechanisms by which NA exerts its anti-inflammatory effects remain largely undefined. Here we proposed a new mechanism that NA manipulated endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which contributed to the elimination of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88, and thus affects the alleviation of inflammation.Results: The results showed that NA alleviated the clinical symptoms of weaned piglets infected with ETEC K88. NA significantly reduced the amount of ETEC K88 in the spleen and liver (P < 0.05). The intestinal morphological damage caused by ETEC K88 infection was alleviated by NA in weaned piglets. In addition, NA significantly alleviated the expression of inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in the serum and intestines of weaned piglets infected with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). and increased in intestinal mucosa. NA significantly increased the content of SIgA and the expression of antimicrobial peptides (pBD2, PG1-5 and PR39) in intestines of weaned pigs. NA increased the diversity of microflora in colonic contents, while NA significantly reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidales and bacteroidia in weaned piglets infected with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the NA group significantly reduced the level of HDAC7 in jejunum (P < 0.05) and increased the level of SIRT1 in the colon compared with the Control group. Moreover, NA significantly increased the levels phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10 (pH3S10) in ileum and the levels of acetylation of lysine 9 on histone 3 (acH3K9) and acH3K27 in colon (P < 0.05) in weaned piglets infected with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: NA could alleviate the clinical symptoms, the damage of intestinal morphology, and intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets infected ETEC K88 through enhancing the endogenous AMPs expression by manipulating the histone acetylation modification.
Effect of coal fly ash and vermicompost amendment on soil earthworm and nematode count, and change in soil carbon pool in rice nursery
Authors: DWIBEDI SANAT KUMAR , SAHU SANJAT KUMAR , MAHALIK JAYANTA KUMAR , BEHERA MANORAMA 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fly ash (FA) as a byproduct from the coal-fired power plants needs timely, effective, productive and safe disposal. Its application to soil at lower concentration is advocated by many researchers due to its soil ameliorative properties. Combined application of FA along with organic substrates such as farm yard manure, compost, and microbial culture has positive influence on soil biota and crop performance. But the xenobiotic effect of FA in presence of vermicompost (VC) has not yet been studied fully. The present investigation was carried out in western Odisha, India with native soil, FA and VC at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% combinations (by weight) to study their effects on earthworm and nematode count, and change in soil carbon pool in rice nursery. The experiment was laid out in a factorial complete randomized design with three replications. The earthworm and nematode population at 40 DAS of rice was positively influenced by the concentration of VC in rhizosphere of rice nursery but FA addition affected earthworm survivability to an extent that no earthworm was found with more than 20% FA. Rhabditis terricola and Dorylaimids in the rhizosphere of rice nursery was also positively linked with VC concentration while FA had antagonistic effects. Absence of nematodes and earthworm at higher concentration of FA could be linked to xenobiotic effects of FA. Mild addition (20% each) of FA and VC to native soil could increase in carbon stock to the maximum extent due to combined effect of larger surface area of FA and minimized microbial activity limiting respirational carbon loss.
WITHDRAWN: Lung Involvement Multicentric Castleman of Hyaline-vascular Variant: 3 cases
Authors: Cen Jiemei , Chen Jiarui , Zeng Wen , Pan Mianluan , Qiu Ye , Zhang Jianquan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCastleman disease is clinically divided into unicentric Castleman disease (UCD), with hyaline-vascular Variant (HV) as major pathological pattern, and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), with plasma cell type (PC) most commonly. Lung involvement is a serious complication of CD and usually leads to death.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 3 patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University during January 1, 2007 to September 30, 2020.Result2 male and 1 female with age ranging from 16 years old to 63 years old were admitted. The involved areas varied a lot. Respiratory symptoms were seen in 3 cases, along with fever, weight loss and splenomegaly. Dry and wet rales were found in all patients. All patients had hypoxemia and obstructive ventilation dysfunction. Computed tomography (CT) mainly showed bronchiectasis and mediastinal lymph node enlargement. All 3 cases were complicated with PNP. 1 case failed chemotherapy after local mass excision, 1 case remitted after chemotherapy but the lung lesion was irreversible, and 1 case was untreated and soon die of respiratory failure.ConclusionCases of HV-MCD with pulmonary affected were characterized by small airway lesions and poor prognosis. Respiratory symptoms along with systemic symptoms were common.
Life, Trauma, and Growth in Adult Female Survivors of Bam Earthquake: The Phenomenology of 16-Year Post-Earthquake Lived Experience
Authors: Jafarizadeh Rayhaneh , Pourhusein Reza , Borghei Shahriar , Sakhi Shahin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Earthquake, as a natural disaster, is considered to be one of the traumatic events. Considering the concept of trauma and two consequences of the earthquake (namely stress and growth), the present study aimed to delve into the 16-year post-earthquake living experience of adult female Bam earthquake’s survivors and its relationship with their current lives.Methods: This qualitative study was carried out in 2018, in which the interpretive phenomenological analysis method was adopted, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were run. In this study, six 22-34-year-old adult female survivors in the age range of 6-18 years at the time of the Bam Earthquake (2007) were selected using the purposive sampling method. Moreover, thematic analysis was used to extract the themes.Results: The participants’ lives could be depicted using the following themes: life before the earthquake, the moment of the earthquake, the first days after the earthquake, back to life, fear, regret, and excellence after the trauma.Conclusion: According to the findings, the pre-earthquake life and post-earthquake social support, including the same identity of the earthquake (e.g., Bam) survivors, are the significant dimensions making the tolerance of the earthquake experience possible. Moreover, the proximal experiences of fear and regret, as common orientations of traumatized individuals towards the future and the past, were also reflected in this study. Furthermore, all the participants reported Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) experiences in their current personality, indicating the intertwined relationship between traumatic injury and trauma tolerance. This study's findings would provide researchers and practitioners with a deeper understanding of the same population's strengths and weaknesses. Policymakers are recommended to include supporting policies for earthquake survivors’ resilience in their public health plans.
Cure Rate and Associated Factors for Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition Under the Out Patient Therapeutic Care Programme in the Health Centres of Kabale District in Southwestern Uganda. A Cross Sectional Study.
Authors: SSEKAJJA VINCENT , WAMANI HENRY , KITUTU FREDDY , ATUKWASE ABEL 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of five. Globally, SAM affects 19 million children with sub-Saharan Africa being the most affected. In Uganda, Global acute malnutrition (GAM) affects 4% and SAM 1% children. Kabale district in South Western Uganda, located in Kigezi sub-region, has been reported to have a GAM prevalence of 3.8 % and SAM of 2.9% among children below five years. To ensure timely detection and management of SAM, the government of Uganda in collaboration with development partners introduced Out Patient Therapeutic Care (OTC) program in all health centre level III and IV in Kabale district. However, there is limited information about the Cure rate of children and associated factors under the OTC program in Kabale district. This study was therefore designed to assess the Cure rate and factors affecting it. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on records of children under five years of age (n=637), presenting with SAM and enrolled on OTC program in the health centres of Kabale district between 2013 and 2015. Data were collected from the nutrition registration logbook using a structured check list and cleaned using Microsoft Excel. Data were then exported into STATA 12 for analysis. Univariate and Bivariate analysis together with logistic regression were run to generate frequencies and factors associated with the recovery of children from SAM. RESULTS: The Cure rate was 36.3% (n=231 cases) with a median Recovery time of 21 days. The Default rate was 58.6% (n=373 cases) while the Non-response rate was 0.6% (n=4 cases). Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed that source where the child was coming from at admission Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI 0.0, 0.7, p = 0.012), Weight at admission (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.0, 0.9, p = 0.014) and Number of visits to the program (AOR = 14.9, 95% CI 9.3, 24.2, p = 0.040) were the major factors influencing the recovery of severely Malnourished children admitted in OTC programme in health centres in Kabale district.CONCLUSION: Overall the Cure rate and Default rate for the children under the OTC programme in Kabale district were found to be very unacceptable according to both the national and international standards. However, Death rate and Non-response rate were within the acceptable levels. To improve the Cure rates of children with SAM under the OTC programme in Kabale district, there is need for interventions aimed at encouraging caretakers to pay special attention to the number of visits to the programme.
8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 recognizes oxidatively-generated epitranscriptomic marks on nascent mRNAs to promote RSV replication
Authors: Wang Ke , Hao Wenjing , Pan Lang , Xu Zheng , Bácsi Attila , Gagnon Matthieu , Ritwika Basu , Tian Bing , Zsolt Radak , Vlahopoulos Spiros , Hazra Tapas , Casola Antonella , Garofalo Roberto , Ba Xueqing , Brasier Allan , Boldogh Istvan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induces an oxidizing environment linked to increased viral load, expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and excessive lung inflammation. The mechanisms of how reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes viral gene expression have remained largely elusive. Here we show that nascent (n)RNAs of RSV acquire 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxo(r)Gua) -a covalently modified guanine base in their 5’-UTR peritranscriptionally, while paired with the 3’-terminus of viral gene(s). 8-oxo(r)Gua is bound by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (OGG1), a complex that physically interacts with and recruits the anti-terminator protein M2-1 to increase viral gene transcription. Knockdown of OGG1 (but not other DNA glycosylases) or inhibition of its binding, significantly decreased RSV mRNA, protein levels and yield of progeny in cultured cells and airways. Collectively, these data suggest that Gua oxidation in vRNA, serves as an epitranscriptomic mark that repurposes OGG1 to increase lytic viral replication. Pharmacological inhibition of OGG1 binding to the epitranscriptomic mark could have clinical utility to decrease manifestations of RSV infection.
Effectiveness of Extra Corporeal Removal Methods in the Management of Paraquat Poisoning: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Srid Balaji , Raj Jemima Pappu , Kunhikatta Vijayanarayana , Shivashankar K , Balakrishnan Athira , Poojari Pooja , Thunga Girish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Paraquat poisoning is a major medical problem in many parts of Asia, Pacific nations, and America. An increased rate of morbidity and mortality is associated with paraquat poisoning due to the absence of a definite antidote. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of various treatment strategies with the outcome in paraquat poisoning. In this study the mean age of 206 patients were 28.14±11.35 years. Majority of the patient population were males (63.6%). Extra Corporeal Removal treatment (ECR) (45.6%) method was given majorly to the patients. Primary outcome analysis with respect to various ECR methods revealed that hemoperfusion (43.9%) showed better results compared to other ECR methods. Secondary outcome such as the ICU days (4.66±3.43), ventilator days (0.63±1.61), and secondary complications (7.6%) was comparatively less in the group treated with hemoperfusion. The treatment analysis revealed ECR of Paraquat by hemoperfusion ensured better clinical outcomes in terms of primary and secondary outcomes.
Association of Atrial Arrhythmias With Thrombospondin-1 in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liao Wenkai , Xu Li , Pan Yuxia , Wei Jie , Wang Peijia , Yang Xinchun , Chen Mulei , Gao Yuanfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Atrial remodeling is the main developmental cause of atrial arrhythmias (AA), which may induce atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, and frequent premature atrial beats in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has been shown to play an important role in inflammatory and fibrotic processes, but its role in atrial arrhythmias is not well described. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TSP-1 in AMI patients with atrial arrhythmias. Methods: A total of 219 patients with AMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and with no previous arrhythmias were included. TSP-1 were analyzed in plasma samples. Patients were classified into 2 groups, namely, with and without AA during the acute phase of MI. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was used for AA diagnosis in hospital. Results: Twenty-four patients developed AA. Patients with AA had higher TSP-1 levels (29.01 ± 25.87 μg/mL vs 18.36 ± 10.89 μg/mL, p < 0.001) than those without AA. AA patients also tended to be elderly (65.25 ± 9.98 years vs 57.47 ± 10.78 years, p < 0.001), had higher Hs-CRP (39.74 ± 43.50 mg/L vs 12.22 ± 19.25 mg/L, p < 0.001) and worse heart function. TSP-1 (OR, 1.033; 95% CI, 1.003–1.065, p = 0.034), Hs-CRP (OR, 1.023; 95% CI, 1.006–1.041, p = 0.008), age (OR, 1.067; 95% CI, 1.004–1.135, p = 0.038) and LVDd (OR, 1.142; 95% CI, 1.018–1.282, p = 0.024) emerged as independent risk factors for AA in AMI patients. Conclusion: TSP-1 is a potential novel indicator of atrial arrhythmias during AMI.
Bivariate Genomic Prediction of Phenotypes by Selecting Epistatic Interactions Across Years Based on Haplotype Blocks and Pruned Sets of SNPs
Authors: Vojgani Elaheh , Pook Torsten , Hölker Armin C. , Mayer Manfred , Schön Chris-Carolin , Simianer Henner 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The importance of accurate genomic prediction of phenotypes in plant breeding is undeniable, as higher prediction accuracy can increase selection responses. In this study, we investigated the ability of three models to improve prediction accuracy by including phenotypic information from the last growing season. This was done by considering a single biological trait in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018) as separate traits in a multi-trait model. Thus, bivariate variants of the Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) as an additive model, Epistatic Random Regression BLUP (ERRBLUP) and selective Epistatic Random Regression BLUP (sERRBLUP) as epistasis models were compared with respect to their prediction accuracies for the second year. The results indicate that bivariate ERRBLUP is almost identical to bivariate GBLUP in prediction accuracy, while bivariate sERRBLUP has the highest prediction accuracy in most cases. The obtained prediction accuracies were similar when utilizing pruned sets of SNPs and haplotype blocks, while utilizing haplotype blocks reduces the computational load significantly compared to utilizing pruned sets of SNPs. The prediction accuracies of bivariate GBLUP, ERRBLUP and sERRBLUP have been assessed across eight phenotypic traits and studied datasets from 471/402 doubled haploid lines in the European maize landrace Kemater Landmais Gelb/Petkuser Ferdinand Rot. We further investigated the genomic correlation, phenotypic correlation and trait heritability as factors affecting the bivariate models’ prediction accuracy, with genetic correlation between growing seasons being the most important one. For all three considered model architectures results were far worse when using a univariate version of the model.
Toxicology of Ngirimbo Samples across Chitipa District
Authors: Mithi Vita , Kamanula John F. , Pandey Ashok , Dewey Rebecca S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Smokeless tobacco describes a wide variety of tobacco products that do not require combustion, and is typically used either orally or nasally. Ngirimbo is a form of oral smokeless tobacco used by smokers in Malawi for tobacco harm reduction. The aim of this study was to determine the acidity (pH), nicotine content, mineral content (iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and copper), heavy metal content (lead, chromium and cadmium), and presence of other volatile compounds in ngirimbo across Chitipa District in Malawi . Methods: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to estimate nicotine content, concentration of toxic heavy metals, minerals of potential toxicity and other harmful chemicals in the samples. Results: Samples were found to contain harmful chemicals, high pH and nicotine [2-(1-methyl-2-pyrolidinyl)-pyridine, (S)- and (S)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrolidinyl)-pyridine] levels. Mineral concentrations were found to be much higher than typical safety limits. Conversely, samples were not found to contain lead, and had low concentrations of chromium and cadmium. Conclusions: These findings suggest that prolonged use of ngirimbo is a significant health risk to people with chronic diseases. Nonetheless, ngirimbo provides a valid method of tobacco harm reduction and a potential smoking cessation tool. Therefore, further analytical toxicological studies are needed to fully characterize variations in the quality of the product. Implications : Consumers of ngirimbo are susceptible to acute toxic effects of oral and dermal exposure to the product, as well as addiction. Some individuals would suffer from convulsions or seizures following ngirimbo use, and other clinical consequences depending on the amount ingested. However, understanding the amount of nicotine, and other volatile constituents, consumed through ngirimbo use will help to generate recommendations for quantity and frequency of use. Further, establishing the threshold of harm for nicotine consumption will contribute to the extraction, isolation, and use of nicotine as a smoking-cessation agent, and for treating psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
The Role of Lymph Node Dissection in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.
Authors: Hu Hanjie , Xu Gang , Du Shunda , Luo Zhiwen , Zhao Hong , Cai Jianqiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLymph node dissection (LND) is of great significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend routine LND in ICC, the effects of LND remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the role and application of LND in ICC.MethodsPatients were identified in two Chinese academic centers. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce bias. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsOf 232 patients, 177 (76.3%) underwent LND, and 71 (40.1%) had metastatic lymph nodes. A minimum of 6 lymph nodes were dissected in 66 patients (37.3%). LND did not improve the prognosis of ICC. LNM >3 may have worse OS and DFS than LNM 1-3, especially in the LND >=6 group. For nLND patients, the adjuvant treatment group had better OS and DFS.ConclusionsCA 19-9, CEA, operative time, positive surgical margin, and T stage were independent risk factors for OS; CEA and differentiation were independent risk factors for DFS. LND has no definite predictive effect on prognosis. Patients with 4 or more LNMs may have a worse prognosis than patients with 1-3 LNMs. Adjuvant therapy may benefit patients of nLND.